bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogenization of an Anilinonaphthoquinone‐Chelated Nickel Complex for Ethylene Polymerization Using Silica‐Supported Modified Methylaluminoxane
Authors: Okada Mitsuhiro , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: June 2014

An anilinonaphthoquinone‐ligated nickel complex [Ni(C10H5O2NC6H3–2,6‐iPr2)(Ph)(PPh3)] (1) activated with silica‐supported modified methylaluminoxane is found to be effective for ethylene polymerization under atmospheric pressure at low Al/Ni ratio. The activity of this system becomes maximal at 60 °C with a steady polymerization rate. The molecular weight of the produced polymer monotonously decreases with raising polymerization temperature, but the high‐molecularweight polymer with the number‐average molecular weight of 119 000 g mol−1 is obtained even at 80 °C. The produced polymer possesses methyl branches, the content of which is increased by raising the polymerization temperature. Consequently, the melting point of the produced polymer decreases from 130 to 120 °C by raising the polymerization temperature from 40 to 80 °C.
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Vanadyl Di(5‐t‐butyl‐2‐(aryliminomethyl)quinolin‐8‐olate): Synthesis, Characterization, and Ethylene (Co‐)Polymerization
Authors: Yan Qing , Sun Zelin , Zhang Wenjuan , Nomura Kotohiro , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: June 2014

A series of vanadyl di(5‐t‐butyl‐2‐(aryliminomethyl)quinolin‐8‐olate) complexes is prepared by the reaction of 5‐t‐butyl‐2‐(aryliminomethyl)quinolin‐8‐ol derivatives with a slight excess of VO(OPr)3 in toluene. All the vanadyl complexes are fully characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy; moreover, the molecular structures of representative complexes C2 and C3 are further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. On activation with diethyl­aluminum chloride (Et2AlCl) in either the presence or absence of ethyl trichloroacetate (ETA), all the vanadyl complexes exhibit high activities toward ethylene polymerization (up to 1.81 × 107 g mol−1 V h−1), producing polyethylenes with ultrahigh molecular weights (up to 1.51 × 106 g mol−1) and narrow polydispersities. The copolymerizations of ethylene with either norbornene or 1‐hexene are also successfully carried out with high activities.
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Acceleration and Selective Monomer Addition during Aqueous RAFT Copolymerization of Ionic Monomers at 25 °C
Authors: Li Guangxiang , Xu Na , Yu Qiuping , Lu Xinhua , Chen Hong , Cai Yuanli 
Published: June 2014

An acceleration effect and selective monomer addition during RAFT copolymerization of the oppositely‐charged ionic monomers in dilute aqueous solution at 25 °C are reported. The reaction is conducted using a non‐ionic water‐soluble polymer as a macromolecular chain transfer agent under visible light irradiation. A fast iterative polymerization can be induced, even in dilute solution, by the favorable ionic interactions and in situ self‐assembly of zwitterionic growing chains. Selelctive monomer addition is achieved in the statistical copolymerization due to the ion‐pairing of the oppositely‐charged monomers, such as precisely the same reaction rates at a 1:1 of monomer ratio, otherwise a faster reaction of the minor monomer component over the major one. These behaviors open up an avenue towards the rapid synthesis of sequence‐controlled zwitterionic polyelectrolytes that can satisfy the demands of emerging biological applications.
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Genomovar assignment of Pseudomonas stutzeri populations inhabiting produced oil reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Fan , She Yue‐Hui , Banat Ibrahim M. , Chai Lu‐Jun , Huang Liu‐Qin , Yi Shao‐Jin , Wang Zheng‐Liang , Dong Hai‐Liang , Hou Du‐Jie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOil reservoirs are specific habitats for the survival and growth of microorganisms in general. Pseudomonas stutzeri which is believed to be an exogenous organism inoculated into oil reservoirs during the process of oil production was detected frequently in samples from oil reservoirs. Very little is known, however, about the distribution and genetic structure of P. stutzeri in the special environment of oil reservoirs. In this study, we collected 59 P. stutzeri 16S rRNA gene sequences that were identified in 42 samples from 25 different oil reservoirs and we isolated 11 cultured strains from two representative oil reservoirs aiming to analyze the diversity and genomovar assignment of the species in oil reservoirs. High diversity of P. stutzeri was observed, which was exemplified in the detection of sequences assigned to four known genomovars 1, 2, 3, 20 and eight unknown genomic groups of P. stutzeri. The frequent detection and predominance of strains belonging to genomovar 1 in most of the oil reservoirs under study indicated an association of genomovars of P. stutzeri with the oil field environments.
Is Sodium Valproate, an HDAC inhibitor, associated with reduced risk of stroke and myocardial infarction? A nested case–control study
Authors: Dregan Alex , Charlton Judith , Wolfe Charles D. A. , Gulliford Martin C. , Markus Hugh S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate whether treatment with sodium valproate (SV) was associated with reduced risk of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsElectronic health records data were extracted from Clinical Practice Research Database for participants ever diagnosed with epilepsy and prescribed antiepileptic drugs. A nested case–control study was implemented with cases diagnosed with incident non‐haemorrhagic stroke and controls matched for sex, year of birth, and study start date (ratio of 1:6). A second nested study was implemented with MI as outcome. The main exposure variable was SV therapy assessed as: ever prescribed, pre‐stroke year treatment, number of SV prescriptions, and cumulative time on SV drug therapy. Odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsData were analysed for 2002 stroke cases and 13 098 controls. MI analyses included 1153 cases and 7109 controls. Pre‐year stroke SV treatment (28%) was associated with increased stroke risk (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09 to 1.38, p < 0.001). No association was observed between ever being prescribed SV with ischemic stroke (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.12, p = 0.875). A significant association was observed between ever being prescribed SV with MI (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.90, p < 0.001). Patients in the highest quarter of SV treatment duration had lower odds of ischemic stroke (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.72, p < 0.001) and MI (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.44, p < 0.001).ConclusionSodium valproate exposure was associated with the risk of MI, but not ischemic stroke. However, longer exposure to SV was associated with lower odds of stroke, but this might be explained by survivor bias. © 2014 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of photovoltaic junction position using combined focused ion beam and electron beam‐induced current analysis of close space sublimation deposited CdTe solar cells
Authors: Major Jonathan Douglas , Bowen Leon , Treharne Robert , Durose Ken 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA major limitation of the cross‐section electron beam‐induced current method—the use of roughly fractured surfaces to provide the cross‐section—has been overcome with the use of focused ion beam microscope sample preparation. Using this method, it was possible to undertake a study of the relation between junction position and the corresponding external quantum efficiency (EQE) curves. For the case of cadmium telluride (CdTe) cells, it was demonstrated that the EQE curve shape that indicates a buried CdTe homojunction only arises if the junction is buried by more than 0.9 µm from the heterointerface. This highlights the limitations of interpreting EQE curve shape to determine junction position. It was also shown that extended postgrowth annealing degrades the cadmium sulfide by Kirkendall voiding, and this leads to efficiency loss. © 2014 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive complaints, and cancer‐related distress in prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Eisenberg Stacy A. , Kurita Keiko , Taylor‐Ford Megan , Agus David B. , Gross Mitchell E. , Meyerowitz Beth E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveProstate cancer survivors have reported cognitive complaints following treatment, and these difficulties may be associated with survivors' ongoing cancer‐related distress. Intolerance of uncertainty may exacerbate this hypothesized relationship by predisposing individuals to approach uncertain situations such as cancer survivorship in an inflexible and negative manner.We investigated whether greater cognitive complaints and higher intolerance of uncertainty would interact in their relation to more cancer‐related distress symptoms.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based study included 67 prostate cancer survivors who were 3 to 5 years post treatment. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses tested the extent to which intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive complaints, and their interaction were associated with cancer‐related distress (measured with the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised; IES‐R) after adjusting for age, education, physical symptoms, and fear of cancer recurrence.ResultsIntolerance of uncertainty was positively associated with the IES‐R avoidance and hyperarousal subscales. More cognitive complaints were associated with higher scores on the IES‐R hyperarousal subscale. The interaction of intolerance of uncertainty and cognitive complaints was significantly associated with IES‐R intrusion, such that greater cognitive complaints were associated with greater intrusive thoughts in survivors high in intolerance of uncertainty but not those low in it.ConclusionsProstate cancer survivors who report cognitive difficulties or who find uncertainty uncomfortable and unacceptable may be at greater risk for cancer‐related distress, even 3 to 5 years after completing treatment. It may be beneficial to address both cognitive complaints and intolerance of uncertainty in psychosocial interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management based on exhaled nitric oxide levels adjusted for atopy reduces asthma exacerbations in children: A dual centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Petsky Helen L. , Li Albert M. , Au Chun T. , Kynaston Jennifer A. , Turner Catherine , Chang Anne B. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWhile several randomized control trials (RCTs) have evaluated the use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to improve asthma outcomes, none used FeNO cut‐offs adjusted for atopy, a determinant of FeNO levels. In a dual center RCT, we assessed whether a treatment strategy based on FeNO levels, adjusted for atopy, reduces asthma exacerbations compared with the symptoms‐based management (controls). Children with asthma from hospital clinics of two hospitals were randomly allocated to receive an a‐priori determined treatment hierarchy based on symptoms or FeNO levels. There was a 2‐week run‐in period and they were then reviewed 10 times over 12‐months. The primary outcome was the number of children with exacerbations over 12‐months. Sixty‐three children were randomized (FeNO = 31, controls = 32); 55 (86%) completed the study. Although we did achieve our planned sample size, significantly fewer children in the FeNO group (6 of 27) had an asthma exacerbation compared to controls (15 of 28), P = 0.021; number to treat for benefit = 4 (95% CI 3–24). There was no difference between groups for any secondary outcomes (quality of life, symptoms, FEV1). The final daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) dose was significantly (P = 0.037) higher in the FeNO group (median 400 µg, IQR 250–600) compared to the controls (200, IQR100–400). Taking atopy into account when using FeNO to tailor asthma medications is likely beneficial in reducing the number of children with severe exacerbations at the expense of increased ICS use. However, the strategy is unlikely beneficial for improving asthma control. A larger study is required to confirm or refute our findings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:535–543. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent developments in the type IIB matrix model
Authors: Nishimura J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe review recent developments in the type IIB matrix model, which was conjectured to be a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory. In the first part we review the recent results for the Euclidean model, which suggest that SO(10) symmetry is spontaneously broken. In the second part we review the recent results for the Lorentzian model. In particular, we discuss Monte Carlo results, which suggest that (3+1)‐dimensional expanding universe emerges dynamically. We also discuss some results suggesting the emergence of exponential expansion and the power‐law expansion at later times. The behaviors at much later times are studied by the classical equation of motion. We discuss a solution representing 3d expanding space, which suggests a possible solution to the cosmological constant problem.
Are human polyomaviruses co‐factors for cancers induced by other oncoviruses?
Authors: Moens Ugo , Van Ghelue Marijke , Ehlers Bernhard 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYPresently, 12 human polyomaviruses are known: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), JCPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), HPyV6, HPyV7, Trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus, HPyV9, HPyV10, STLPyV and HPyV12. In addition, the non‐human primate polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) seems to circulate in the human population. MCPyV was first described in 2008 and is now accepted to be an etiological factor in about 80% of the rare but aggressive skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma. SV40, BKPyV and JCPyV or part of their genomes can transform cells, including human cells, and induce tumours in animal models. Moreover, DNA and RNA sequences and proteins of these three viruses have been discovered in tumour tissue. Despite these observations, their role in cancer remains controversial. So far, an association between cancer and the other human polyomaviruses is lacking. Because human polyomavirus DNA has been found in a broad spectrum of cell types, simultaneous dwelling with other oncogenic viruses is possible. Co‐infecting human polyomaviruses may therefore act as a co‐factor in the development of cancer, including those induced by other oncoviruses. Reviewing studies that report co‐infection with human polyomaviruses and other tumour viruses in cancer tissue fail to detect a clear link between co‐infection and cancer. Directions for future studies to elaborate on a possible auxiliary role of human polyomaviruses in cancer are suggested, and the mechanisms by which human polyomaviruses may synergize with other viruses in oncogenic transformation are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite‐time stability of fractional order impulsive switched systems
Authors: Yang Ying , Chen Guopei 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis paper considers the finite‐time stability of fractional order impulsive switched systems. First, by using the fractional order Lyapunov function, Mittag–Leffler function, and Gronwall–Bellman lemma, two sufficient conditions are given to verify the finite‐time stability of fractional order nonlinear systems. Then, the concept of finite‐time stability is extended to fractional order impulsive switched systems. A sufficient condition is given to verify the finite‐time stability of fractional order impulsive switched systems by combining the method of average dwell time with fractional order Lyapunov function. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled ocular drug delivery with nanomicelles
Authors: Vaishya Ravi D. , Khurana Varun , Patel Sulabh , Mitra Ashim K. 
Published: June 2014

Many vision threatening ocular diseases such as age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy may result in blindness. Ocular drug delivery specifically to the intraocular tissues remains a challenging task due to the presence of various physiological barriers. Nonetheless, recent advancements in the field of nanomicelle‐based novel drug delivery system could fulfil these unmet needs. Nanomicelles consists of amphiphilic molecules that self‐assemble in aqueous media to form organized supramolecular structures. Micelles can be prepared in various sizes (10–1000 nm) and shapes depending on the molecular weights of the core and corona forming blocks. Nanomicelles have been an attractive carrier for their potential to solubilize hydrophobic molecules in aqueous solution. In addition, small size in nanometer range and highly modifiable surface properties have been reported to be advantageous in ocular drug delivery. In this review, various factors influencing rationale design of nanomicelles formulation and disposition are discussed along with case studies. Despite the progress in the field, influence of various properties of nanomicelles such as size, shape, surface charge, rigidity of structure on ocular disposition need to be studied in further details to develop an efficient nanocarrier system.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Expression and evaluation of enzymes required for the hydrolysis of galactomannan
Authors: Malherbe A R , Rose S H , Viljoen-Bloom M , van Zyl W H 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The cost-effective production of bioethanol from lignocellulose requires the complete conversion of plant biomass, which contains up to 30 % mannan. To ensure utilisation of galactomannan during consolidated bioprocessing, heterologous production of mannan-degrading enzymes in fungal hosts was explored. The Aspergillus aculeatus endo-β-mannanase (Man1) and Talaromyces emersonii α-galactosidase (Agal) genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294, and the Aspergillus niger β-mannosidase (cMndA) and synthetic Cellvibrio mixtus β-mannosidase (Man5A) genes in A. niger. Maximum enzyme activity for Man1 (374 nkat ml−1, pH 5.47), Agal (135 nkat ml−1, pH 2.37), cMndA (12 nkat ml−1, pH 3.40) and Man5A (8 nkat ml−1, pH 3.40) was observed between 60 and 70 °C. Co-expression of the Man1 and Agal genes in S. cerevisiae Y294[Agal-Man1] reduced the extracellular activity relative to individual expression of the respective genes. However, the combined action of crude Man1, Agal and Man5A enzyme preparations significantly decreased the viscosity of galactomannan in locust bean gum, confirming hydrolysis thereof. Furthermore, when complemented with exogenous Man5A, S. cerevisiae Y294[Agal-Man1] produced 56 % of the theoretical ethanol yield, corresponding to a 66 % carbohydrate conversion, on 5 g l−1 mannose and 10 g l−1 locust bean gum.
Aging in the Context of Cohort Evolution and Mortality Selection
Authors: Zheng Hui 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This study examines historical patterns of aging through the perspectives of cohort evolution and mortality selection, where the former emphasizes the correlation across cohorts in the age dependence of mortality rates, and the latter emphasizes cohort change in the acceleration of mortality over the life course. In the analysis of historical cohort mortality data, I find support for both perspectives. The rate of demographic aging, or the rate at which mortality accelerates past age 70, is not fixed across cohorts; rather, it is affected by the extent of mortality selection at young and late ages. This causes later cohorts to have higher rates of demographic aging than earlier cohorts. The rate of biological aging, approximating the rate of the senescence process, significantly declined between the mid- and late-nineteenth century birth cohorts and stabilized afterward. Unlike the rate of demographic aging, the rate of biological aging is not affected by mortality selection earlier in the life course but rather by cross-cohort changes in young-age mortality, which cause lower rates of biological aging in old age among later cohorts. These findings enrich theories of cohort evolution and have implications for the study of limits on the human lifespan and evolution of aging.
An Association Study of CASQ1 Gene Polymorphisms and Heat Stroke
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Yu , Ma Lin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Although molecular mechanisms of heat stroke under physiological and pathological conditions have not yet been elucidated, a novel disease-associated gene encoding a calcium-binding protein, calsequestrin-1 (CASQ1), was suggested relevant based on results from a transgenic murine model. Here, we show the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CASQ1 and physiological parameters for heat stroke from a study involving 150 patients. Pooled DNA from heat stroke patients were subjected to sequencing and 3 SNPs were identified. Genotypes were assigned for all patients according to g. 175A&gt;G, one SNP which leads to a nonsynonymous substitution (N59D) in the first exon of human CASQ1 gene. We analyzed the genotypic data with a linear model based on significance scores between SNP (175A&gt;G) and heat stroke parameters. As a result, we found a significant association between SNP A175G and heat stroke (P  &lt; 0.05). Further bioinformatics analysis of the 1-Mb flanking sequence revealed the presence of two genes that encode DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 8 (DCAF8), and peroxisomal biogenesis factor 19 (PEX19), respectively, which might be functionally related to CASQ1. Our results showed that the blood calcium of patients with allele D increased significantly, compared to patients with allele N (P  &lt; 0.05), which may result from the decreased calcium in muscle, suggesting that N59D in CASQ1 might account for the dysfunction of CASQ1 in calcium regulation during heat stroke.
Mouse strain and brain region‐specific expression of the glutaminyl cyclases QC and isoQC
Authors: Höfling Corinna , Indrischek Henrike , Höpcke Theodor , Waniek Alexander , Cynis Holger , Koch Birgit , Schilling Stephan , Morawski Markus , Demuth Hans‐Ulrich , Roßner Steffen , Hartlage‐Rübsamen Maike 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGlutaminyl cyclases (QCs) catalyze the formation of pyroglutamate (pGlu) from glutamine precursors at the N‐terminus of a number of peptide hormones, neuropeptides and chemokines. This post‐translational modification stabilizes these peptides, protects them from proteolytical degradation or is important for their biological activity. However, QC is also involved in a pathogenic pGlu modification of peptides accumulating in protein aggregation disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and familial Danish and familial British dementia. Its isoenzyme (isoQC) was shown to contribute to aspects of inflammation by pGlu‐modifying and thereby stabilizing the monocyte chemoattractant protein CCL2. For the generation of respective animal models and for pharmacological treatment studies the characterization of the mouse strain and brain region‐specific expression of QC and isoQC is indispensible.In order to address this issue, we used enzymatic activity assays and specific antibodies to detect both QC variants by immunohistochemistry in nine different mouse strains. Comparing different brain regions, the highest enzymatic QC/isoQC activity was detected in ventral brain, followed by cortex and hippocampus. Immunohistochemical stainings revealed that QC/isoQC activity in cortex mostly arises from isoQC expression. For most brain regions, the highest QC/isoQC activity was detected in C3H and FVB mice, whereas low QC/isoQC activity was present in CD1, SJL and C57 mice. Quantification of QC‐ and isoQC‐immunoreactive cells by unbiased stereology revealed a higher abundance of isoQC‐ than of QC‐immunoreactive neurons in Edinger–Westphal nucleus and in substantia nigra. In the locus coeruleus, however, there were comparable densities of QC‐ and of isoQC‐immunoreactive neurons.These observations are of considerable importance with regard to the selection of appropriate mouse strains for the study of QC/isoQC relevance in mouse models of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation and for the testing of therapeutical interventions in these models.