bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus: influence of trapping site and surrounding landscape on catches
Authors: Schroeder Leif Martin 
Published: December 2012

The influence of trapping site (i.e. fresh clear‐cuts) characteristics and habitat amount (i.e. area of stands that may hold breeding material) in the surrounding landscape on catches of the bark beetles Ips typographus (L.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) in pheromone‐baited flight‐barrier monitoring traps was studied.
For the two species, the study investigated: (i) the extent of the variation in catches among trapping sites; (ii) the extent of this variation that can be explained by models including trapping site characteristics (clear‐cut size, percentage of spruce in the cut stand, altitude) and habitat amounts in the surrounding landscape; and (iii) the spatial scale at which beetles respond to the habitat amount in the landscape.
The variation in catches among trap sites was 15‐fold larger for I. typographus than for P. chalcographus. There was a positive relationship between the catches of I. typographus and (i) the percentage of the surrounding landscape covered by mature spruce forest at radii 500–4000 m and (ii) the percentage of spruce in stands cut when the clear‐cuts used as trapping sites were created. For P. chalcographus, only the second relationship could be demonstrated.
Thus, for monitoring of I. typographus: (i) several trapping sites per landscape are required; (ii) the amount of mature spruce forest around trapping sites needs to be considered when choosing trapping sites; and (iii) the trapping sites need to be standardized with respect to the percentage of spruce in the cut stand when fresh clear‐cuts are used. For P. chalcographus, fewer trapping sites per landscape are required and only the percentage of spruce in the cut stand needs to be considered.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)
Authors: Carroll Richard W 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and predisposes to the development of hyperplastic or neoplastic changes in the parathyroid and pituitary glands and the endocrine pancreas, along with numerous other characteristic tumors and features. The management of each entity differs to some degree from their sporadic counterparts, while the lack of a genotype‐phenotype correlation requires lifelong clinical, biochemical and radiological screening for the development of new tumors. While the syndrome itself is relatively rare (a prevalence of 1–10/100 000), it is likely that health‐care practitioners from numerous specialities will occasionally encounter a patient with MEN1 and therefore a basic knowledge of the syndrome is important. In addition, many of the associated tumors are seen commonly in sporadic form, and a judicious policy is therefore required in deciding how thoroughly patients who develop these tumors should be screened for MEN1. The current literature on MEN1 is reviewed and key learning points are suggested for the clinician.
Antimicrobial activity of different Finnish monofloral honeys against human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Huttunen Sanna , Riihinen Kaisu , Kauhanen Jussi , Tikkanen‐Kaukanen Carina 
Published: December 2012

The antimicrobial activity and phenolic compounds of five Finnish honey products against important human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus were analyzed. Microbroth dilution method and HPLC‐DAD were used in antimicrobial testing and phenolic compound determination, respectively. Significant antimicrobial activity (p < 0.01) against all the tested pathogens was found from willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium), heather (Calluna vulgaris), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) honeys. This is the first report on antimicrobial activity of Finnish monofloral honeys against streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria. To our knowledge this is also the first report on the antimicrobial effect of honey against S. pneumoniae.
Vegetation diversity of salt‐rich grasslands in Southeast Europe
Authors: Eliáš Pavol , Sopotlieva Desislava , Dítě Daniel , Hájková Petra , Apostolova Iva , Senko Dušan , Melečková Zuzana , Hájek Michal 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuestionHow does the plant species composition of Pontic–Pannonian salt‐rich habitats vary on a large geographical scale? Do the floristic differences between Pannonia and the Balkans correspond to the current phytosociological classification?LocationPannonia (Hungary, Slovakia, Austria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Serbia, Romania) and the Balkans (Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece).MethodsTwo thousand four hundred and thirty‐seven relevés from halophytic and sub‐halophytic habitats were classified using a modified TWINSPAN. The crispness of classification was checked. DCA and CCA with climate data as explanatory variables were applied.ResultsThe classification was best interpreted at the level of 15 clusters. The vegetation changed along the salinity gradient from sub‐halophytic grasslands (including Trifolion resupinati alliance of the Molinio‐Arrhenatheretalia class and Beckmannion eruciformis and Festucion pseudovinae p. p. alliances of the Festuco‐Puccinellietea class) and reed beds (Bolboschoenion maritimi p. p. alliance; the Phragmito‐Magnocaricetea class), through steppe and wet inland halophytic vegetation (Festucion pseudovinae p. p., Puccinellion limosae, Pucinellion convolutae, Bolboschoenion maritimi p. p. and Juncion gerardii of the Festuco‐Puccinellietea class) towards the extreme halophytic vegetation of the Thero‐Salicornietea, Crypsietea and Juncetea maritimi classes. This gradient was longer in the Balkan region, where it spanned from the sub‐mediterranean salt‐rich grasslands to the extremely halophytic vegetation at the Black Sea coast. The second most important gradient coincided with the water regime. Some vegetation types appeared to be confined to either the Pannonian or the Balkan region (especially within dry sub‐halophytic and steppe halophytic grasslands), while others were distributed across the entire study area. The above‐mentioned pattern did not always correspond with current classification systems.ConclusionsVariation in salt‐rich vegetation predominantly follows the salinity and water regime gradients. Geographical variation, generally coinciding with climatic and historical effects, is also important, especially in drier salt‐rich habitats. Our large‐scale analysis of the floristic variation of salt‐rich habitats might be useful for the unification of classification systems that differ substantially between the countries involved. In addition, the analysis may be useful for adjustment of a classification system in the poorly explored Balkan region, where particular vegetation types were identified with, or delimited from, Central European vegetation types without detailed comparative analysis until now.
Dual role of interleukin-10 in the regulation of respiratory syncitial virus (RSV)-induced lung inflammation
Authors: Sun L , Cornell T T , LeVine A , Berlin A A , Hinkovska-Galcheva V , Fleszar A J , Lukacs N W , Shanley T P 
Published: December 2012

SummaryRSV lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are among the most common diseases necessitating hospital admission in children. In addition to causing acute respiratory failure, RSV infections are associated with sequelae such as secondary bacterial infections and reactive airway disease. One characteristic host response observed in severe RSV-induced LRTI and/or subsequent development of asthma is increased expression of interleukin (IL)-10. However, contradictory results have been reported regarding whether IL-10 inhibits asthmatic responses or intensifies the disease. We aimed to reconcile these discordant observations by elucidating the role of IL-10 in regulating the host response to RSV LRTI. In this study, we used a lung-specific, inducible IL-10 over-expression (OE) transgenic mouse model to address this question. Our results showed that the presence of IL-10 at the time of RSV infection not only attenuated acute inflammatory process (i.e. 24 h post-infection), but also late inflammatory changes [characterized by T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine and chemokine expression]. While this result appears contradictory to some clinical observations where elevated IL-10 levels are observed in asthmatic patients, we also found that delaying IL-10 OE until the late immune response to RSV infection, additive effects rather than inhibitory effects were observed. Importantly, in non-infected, IL-10 OE mice, IL-10 OE alone induced up-regulation of Th2 cytokine (IL-13 and IL-5) and Th2-related chemokine [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] expression. We identified a subset of CD11b+CD11c+CD49b+F4/80–Gr-1– myeloid cells as a prinicipal source of IL-10-induced IL-13 production. Therefore, the augmented pathological responses observed in our ‘delayed’ IL-10 over-expression model could be attributed to IL-10 OE alone. Taken together, our study indicated dual roles of IL-10 on RSV-induced lung inflammation which appear to depend upon the timing of when elevated IL-10 is expressed in the lung.
Osteonecrosis associated with dental implants in patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Geon , Lee Chung‐O , Park Jin‐Woo , Choi So‐Young , Rijal Girdhari , Shin Hong‐In 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesBisphosphonate‐related jaw necrosis (BRONJ) associated with dental implants is a rare but continuously reported complication. To verify clinical and pathological characteristics of BRONJ around dental implants, the present study analyzed clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings of these lesions.Patients and methodsNineteen patients were diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with dental implants and treated at our institute from 2008 to 2011. The patients' medical history, demographic features, radiographic, and histopathological findings along with information on bisphosphonates (BP) administration were analyzed.ResultsThe majority of BRONJ patients associated with dental implants used oral BP for osteoporosis. The patients were divided into two groups: BP initiation before (n = 16) and after (n = 3) implant surgery. Only three patients (15.8%) could be regarded as “implant surgery‐triggered” BRONJ. Many patients (n = 9) showed successful osteointegration after fixture installation to an average of 35 months (11–82 months) until the development of osteonecrosis. The histological features of the lesion showed that the necrotic bone with empty lacunae was infiltrated by inflammatory cells and bacterial colonies. Viable osteocytes were also observed in some areas of the bony specimens. Three types of bone destruction pattern were observed: (i) complete necrosis of the bone around the implant (frozen type), (ii) extensive osteolysis around the implant with or without sequestra (osteolytic type), and (iii) sequestration of bone with an implant maintaining direct implant–bone contact (en block sequestration type). These findings could be existed at the same lesions depending on the degree of local bone destruction and the severity of the infection.ConclusionThese results and those of others suggested that already osseointegrated dental implants can also cause the osteonecrosis around the implant after BP administration. En block sequestration of bone with implant might be one of the characteristics of implant‐related BRONJ, which is different from peri‐implantitis‐induced bone destruction. The possible role of microcracks in this type of bone destruction needs to be examined further.
Long‐term outcome in patients treated with combined heart and liver transplantation for familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nelson Lærke M. , Penninga Luit , Sander Kaare , Hansen Peter B. , Villadsen Gerda E. , Rasmussen Allan , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR) mutation Leu111Met causes a primarily cardiac amyloidosis: Familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy (FAC). Combined heart–liver transplantation (CHLTx) is the preferred treatment for patients with heart failure due to familial amyloidosis, but information on outcome of patients with Leu111Met mutation is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term outcome of CHLTx in patients with FAC.Methods and materialsBetween 1998 and 2009, CHLTx was performed in 7 FAC patients (four men). Six patients underwent simultaneous transplantation. All patients suffered from severe cardiomyopathy.ResultsMean recipient age at transplantation was 48.3 ± 4.2 yr. Mean follow‐up was 55 months. No peroperative mortality occured. Two patients died within the first year (infection, multi‐organ failure) of transplantation. Cumulative survival at 4.5 yr was 71%. No significant liver rejections occurred. One patient experienced an episode of cardiac rejection requiring treatment (H2R). For the surviving five patients, most recent left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.61 ± 0.02, and plasma creatinine was 129 ± 47 μM. None developed significant allograft vasculopathy or neuropathy after transplantation. No recurrence of cardiac amyloid was found.ConclusionsCHLTx in selected patients with FAC due to Leu111Met mutation offers acceptable long‐term survival, almost comparable with isolated cardiac transplantation. Allograft rejection was rare.
Verrucous hemangioma expresses primitive markers
Authors: Laing Emma L. , Brasch Helen D. , Steel Ryan , Jia Jun , Itinteang Tinte , Tan Swee T. , Day Darren J. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundVerrucous hemangioma (VH) presents clinically as a vascular malformation but has similar histopathologic features to infantile hemangioma. This study characterized the cell population within VH.Material and methodsParaffin‐embedded sections from two male patients with VH were processed for immunohistochemistry. The expression of SMA, CD34, glucose transporter‐1 (Glut‐1), D2‐40, brachyury, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Oct‐4, hemoglobin ζ chain (HBZ), Wilms tumor protein (WT‐1) and CD45 was examined.ResultsThe lymphatic marker, D2‐40, was not expressed in VH, whereas Glut‐1 was widely expressed in infantile hemangioma, it was only focally expressed by the endothelium of VH. The endothelium of VH expressed the primitive markers, Oct‐4, brachyury and ACE. The primitive marker, WT‐1, was expressed predominantly on the pericyte layer of both VH and infantile hemangioma. However, HBZ was only expressed in infantile hemangioma. CD45, a mature hematopoetic marker, was expressed by cells within the interstitium, away from the endothelium of VH and infantile hemangioma.DiscussionThe expression of the primitive markers, Oct‐4, brachyury and ACE on the endothelium, and WT‐1 predominantly on the pericyte layer of VH shows a primitive microvascular phenotype similar to infantile hemangioma. However, the absence of the embryonic marker, HBZ, expressed only in first trimester placenta and in proliferating infantile hemangioma, suggests a different cellular origin. HBZ could be used to distinguish between the two conditions.
Gastric balloon to treat obesity: Filled with air or fluid?
Authors: Caglar Erkan , Dobrucali Ahmet , Bal Kadir 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundOur aim was to study the efficacy and safety of different types of intragastric balloon in morbidly obese patients.Patients and MethodsFrom 2005 to 2011, intragastric balloons were inserted endoscopically into 32 patients. Intragastric balloons were used in morbidly obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m2) individuals who were non‐responsive to 6‐month medical therapy and diet. Balloons were endoscopically removed after 6 months.ResultsThirty‐six balloons were inserted in a total of 32 patients. Mean age of the patients was 37.28 ± 12.08 (17–64) years and mean height was 169.81 ± 8.17 (150–185) cm. Initial mean weight was 128.87 ± 23.31 kg and BMI was 45.26 ± 8.48 kg/m2. At month 6, mean bodyweight was 116.93 ± 23.18 and BMI was 40.96 ± 7.96 kg/m2 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). At the end of 6 months, while the excessweight loss (EWL) median was 13.0 kg, [interquartile range IQR: 5.0–16.0] and percent EWL median was 21.92, [IQR: 12.72–28.49] in the Heliosphere BAG patients, the EWL median was 19.0 kg, [IQR: 14.47–26.72] and the percent EWL median was 38.26, [IQR: 19.73–47.79] in the BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon patients (P = 0.006, P = 0.010, respectively for EWL median and percent EWL median). One patient died (3.1%) of cardiac arrest due to aspiration at day 13 after BIB placement.ConclusionAlthough not without risk, intragastric balloon placement is an effective method for weight loss. BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon is more effective in helping weight loss than the Heliosphere BAG balloon.
Putative excitatory and putative inhibitory inputs are localised in different dendritic domains in a Drosophila flight motoneuron
Authors: Kuehn Claudia , Duch Carsten 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInput–output computations of individual neurons may be affected by the three‐dimensional structure of their dendrites and by the location of input synapses on specific parts of their dendrites. However, only a few examples exist of dendritic architecture which can be related to behaviorally relevant computations of a neuron. By combining genetic, immunohistochemical and confocal laser scanning methods this study estimates the location of the spike‐initiating zone and the dendritic distribution patterns of putative synaptic inputs on an individually identified Drosophila flight motorneuron, MN5. MN5 is a monopolar neuron with > 4000 dendritic branches. The site of spike initiation was estimated by mapping sodium channel immunolabel onto geometric reconstructions of MN5. Maps of putative excitatory cholinergic and of putative inhibitory GABAergic inputs on MN5 dendrites were created by charting tagged Dα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and Rdl GABAA receptors onto MN5 dendritic surface reconstructions. Although these methods provide only an estimate of putative input synapse distributions, the data indicate that inhibitory and excitatory synapses were located preferentially on different dendritic domains of MN5 and, thus, computed mostly separately. Most putative inhibitory inputs were close to spike initiation, which was consistent with sharp inhibition, as predicted previously based on recordings of motoneuron firing patterns during flight. By contrast, highest densities of putative excitatory inputs at more distant dendritic regions were consistent with the prediction that, in response to different power demands during flight, tonic excitatory drive to flight motoneuron dendrites must be smoothly translated into different tonic firing frequencies.
Correlates and Consequences of the Pair Bond in Steller's Jays
Authors: Gabriel Pia O. , Black Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIndividuals that maintain pair bonds over multiple breeding attempts are often able to improve reproductive success compared to conspecifics that switch partners. However, the behavioral mechanisms driving this ‘mate familiarity effect’ are still largely unknown. We investigated whether long‐standing pairs in the long‐lived, socially monogamousSteller's jay improved their coordination of movements and behaviors, invested more time in pair bond maintenance, or became more compatible in their tendency to take risks over time compared to newly established pairs. We then compared these pair bond characteristics for successful and unsuccessful partnerships in terms of producing offspring. Jay partners regularly perched together, gave soft contact calls and travelled as a pair even in the non‐breeding season. However, the proportion of observations jay partners spent in each other's company (pair tenacity) was unrelated to risk‐taking behavior of pair members, pair bond duration, or the performance of subtle pair bond maintenance behaviors (i.e., a principle component of behaviors, including soft contact calls, proximity to mates, and frequency of arrival and departure flights with mate). However, evidence suggests that reproductive performance still improved in continuing compared to new pair bonds inSteller's jays. Variation in pair tenacity and frequency of pair bond behaviors may be inconsequential because of jays’ overall high level of contact with partners. Additionally, if jays are able to maximize familiarity early in the pair bond through high overall pair tenacity, the additional benefit of increasing coordination and familiarity with increasing pair bond age may be limited.
Relationship between masticatory ability and physical performance in community‐dwelling edentulous older adults wearing complete dentures
Authors: Moriya Shingo , Notani Kenji , Miura Hiroko , Inoue Nobuo 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the association between masticatory ability and physical performance in community‐dwelling edentulous older adults wearing complete dentures.BackgroundPhysical performance parameters are significant predictors of decreased activities of daily living. Previous studies have shown the relationships between oral conditions and these parameters. Here, we focused on complete denture wearers.MethodsTwo hundred and ten edentulous adults aged ≥65 years and wearing complete dentures were enrolled. The following oral conditions were examined: masticatory ability measured by colour‐changing chewing gum, number of foods considered chewable, pain when using dentures and denture base fit. Handgrip strength (HG) and one‐leg standing time with eyes open (OLST) were used to evaluate muscle strength and static balance. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the correlations between oral conditions and physical performance. Forward stepwise linear regression models were applied with each physical performance parameters as the dependent variable and oral conditions as the independent variable.ResultsThe women did not show significant correlations between oral conditions and the physical performance. In men, significant and positive correlations were found between the number of chewable foods and HG, and between the colour scores and OLST. The significant correlation between the colour scores and OLST was still noted in the stepwise liner regression analysis after adjusting for demographic, social and medical conditions, and other oral conditions.ConclusionIn Japanese elderly edentulous men wearing complete dentures, masticatory ability evaluated as the mixing ability may be associated with static balance.