bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Patient Adherence to Family‐Based Helicobacter pylori Infection Control and Management Strategy in Central China and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ting , Xu Lu , Zhang Chen , Qi Ya‐Bin , Hu Ruo‐Bing , Abdun Mohammed Awadh , Yu Xue‐Chun , Li Kuan , Liu Ting‐Ting , Ma Jing , Xiao Wei , Lan Ling , Wang Xue‐Mei , Cao Ming‐Bo , Li Jian , Han Shuang‐Yin , Li Xiu‐Ling , Ding Song‐Ze 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient adherence status to the newly introduced family‐based Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection control and management strategy remains unclear, so are its influencing factors. We aim to investigate family members' adherence and its influencing factors during the family‐based H. pylori infection management practice for related disease prevention.Materials and MethodsBased on our previously family‐based H. pylori survey in 2021, 282 families including 772 individuals were followed up 2 years after the initial survey to compare if the investigation and education might improve family member's adherence. The participant's adherence to H. pylori infection awareness, retest, treatment, publicity, gastroscopy, and hygiene habits were followed up, and their influencing factors were also analyzed.ResultsThe overall participant's adherence to recommendations on H. pylori awareness, retest, treatment, publicity, gastroscopy, and hygiene habits were 77% (187/243), 67.3% (138/205), 60.1% (211/351), 46.5% (107/230), 45.6% (159/349), and 39.1% (213/545), respectively; and all showed improvements compared with their prior survey stages. The top reasons for rejection to treatment, retest, and gastroscopy were forgetting or unaware of H. pylori infection (30.3%), busy (32.8%), and asymptomatic (67.9%), respectively. Independent risk factor for low adherence to treatment was occupation (e.g., staff: OR 4.49, 95% CI 1.34–15.10). Independent favorable factors for treatment adherence were individuals at the ages of 18–44 years (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.89) and had a large family size (e.g., four family members: OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.06–0.41); for retest adherence, it was individuals at the ages of 60–69 years (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.97); for gastroscopy adherence, it was individuals at the age of 60–69 years (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28–0.75), and with gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.90).ConclusionsFamily‐based H. pylori management increases individual adherence to treatment, retest, and awareness, and there are also improved adherence to gastroscopy, publicity, and personal hygiene recommendations; further efforts are required to enhance the individual adherence rate for related disease prevention.
Listening to the Voices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women in Regional and Remote Australia About Traumatic Brain Injury From Family Violence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wills Elaine , Fitts Michelle 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIndigenous women experience high rates of family violence‐related head injuries. At present, lived experience accounts from Indigenous women are absent, which results in incomplete understandings and inadequate responses that have detrimental impacts on them and their families. The aim of this study was to gain insight into Indigenous women's personal and family perspectives regarding violence‐related traumatic brain injury (TBI), including impacts on life, as well as decision‐making processes about healthcare access and engagement.MethodsPurposeful sampling was used to complete semi‐structured interviews with 18 Indigenous women living in regional and remote Australia who had experienced TBI from family violence. The data from these interviews were augmented by data from interviews and focus groups with 28 community members, including family members or carers of Indigenous women living with TBI from family violence.ResultsThree themes were conceptualised based on the data and research aims: interweaving of the past and the present—ways women experience brain injury; factors that inform decision‐making to access healthcare; and managing everyday changes that result from TBI from family violence. Indigenous women described living with a range of symptoms following repeated head injuries including problems with memory, cognition and concentration. A range of strategies to manage long‐term symptoms of TBI were used by Indigenous women and when they did seek healthcare, Indigenous women were required to navigate a range of barriers.ConclusionsThe findings identify a range of gaps in healthcare and housing supports for Indigenous women with TBI from violence, highlighting the significant investment needed to develop responsive and appropriate pathways of care in regional and remote areas. A range of suggestions are discussed including development of a specialised workforce who can provide apppropriate follow‐up support, co‐designed concussion clinics and educational resources. TBI must also be a key aspect of policy and practice for services working with Indigenous women who have experienced violence to ensure appropriate responses are provided.Public or Patient ContributionIndigenous women shared their views and experiences of TBI from family violence as well as decision‐making about accessing healthcare and managing TBI symptoms. As such, study participants provided public contributions to the research.
Study on the high‐temperature resistance of tungsten tailings‐based alkali‐activated materials by pressure forming
Authors: Tong Zhifang , Xie Zhaoxun , Hua Pujie , Zeng Qiang , Zhang Shengzhou , Li Xianjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlkali‐activated materials (AAMs) were prepared using tungsten tailings via pressure molding and casting, and their high‐temperature resistances were analyzed. Variations in their compressive strength, gel, and physical phase transformation, pore structure, and morphology at different temperatures were investigated and comparatively analyzed. Results showed that the compressive strength of both AAMs first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. At 600°C, the pressure‐molded AAM exhibited a considerably higher compressive strength (152.38 MPa) than the cast‐molded AAM (42.05 MPa). Thermogravimetric–differential scanning calorimetry, XRD, and FTIR analyses showed that the pressure‐molded AAM contained more gel phases than the cast‐molded AAM at the same temperature. The gel phase further polymerized and decomposed at high temperatures (>800°C), forming nepheline and zeolite crystals. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy results revealed that pressure molding increases the contact between the gel and unreacted materials, effectively reducing the porosity and densifying the AAM. The pressure‐molded AAM had a considerably smaller pore diameter than the cast‐molded AAM; thus, the former had considerably higher compressive strength. The porosity and pore size of the pressure‐molded AAM gradually increased with the temperature, which polymerized the gel phase and eventually decomposed it; this increased its compressive strength first and then decreased.
Treatment of lichen sclerosus with hydroxychloroquine: a Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Akpala Christeebella O. , Tekin Burak , Torgerson Rochelle R. , Wetter David A. , Nguyen Giang Huong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a dearth of studies investigating the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of either anogenital lichen sclerosus or extragenital lichen sclerosus, a condition that, if left untreated, could lead to a greater degree of scarring and malignant transformation.ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, treatment response, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with either anogenital or extragenital lichen sclerosus who received hydroxychloroquine therapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted involving 70 patients diagnosed with lichen sclerosus who underwent treatment with hydroxychloroquine at our institution between 2018 and 2023.ResultsAmong the cohort, 67 patients were female, and 3 were male. Extragenital lichen sclerosus was diagnosed in 23 patients, with 16 exhibiting concomitant morphea overlap. Itching was the predominant clinical presentation (67%). A notable proportion of patients (36%) had a connective tissue disorder, prompting hydroxychloroquine therapy. Among the 30 patients treated solely for lichen sclerosus, 21 demonstrated response and 9 had no response. From a broader comparison of response to hydroxychloroquine, the overall anogenital response rate was 84.6% as opposed to 50% in extragenital lichen sclerosus. The median time to initial response was 4 months. Adverse effects, predominantly mild, were observed in 10 (14.3%) patients.LimitationThis study is constrained by its retrospective nature and reliance on data from a single center, resulting in a limited sample size.ConclusionHydroxychloroquine demonstrates promise as a therapeutic option for anogenital lichen sclerosus because of its favorable response rates and low incidence of adverse effects. However, further investigations, including larger‐scale or prospective studies, are imperative to ascertain its definitive efficacy.
The role of participation in training in the relationship between informal learning and its antecedents
Authors: Lucena Barbosa Flávia , Borges‐Andrade Jairo Eduardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigated the relationships between Participation in Training, Informal Learning Behaviours (ILBs), and their dispositional (Readiness to Learn) and situational (Workplace Interaction and Autonomy) antecedents. Aiming to produce findings with greater reproducibility and generality, we used secondary data from 34 countries participating in the first cycle of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, but we also compared these countries. We randomly selected a sample of 504 respondents from each country who were divided equally into training and non‐training participant groups. Then, we aggregated the sample of all countries (n = 17,136). The group that participated in training achieved higher mean ILBs with lower variance. In the aggregated sample, Participation in Training moderated only the relationships between ILBs and their situational antecedents. Workplace Interaction and Autonomy were more strongly associated with ILBs among non‐training participants. Moderation findings differed among countries. Aspects of job design should be considered—in addition to the skills developed in training—to improve the use of learning opportunities at the workplace. This implication is based on diverse education levels, occupations, age groups, and countries, better supporting global policies. Autochthonous features that may moderate the prediction of ILBs deserve further investigation. Specific training and other dispositional and job design predictors should be longitudinally investigated in the future.
Crystalline‐amorphous dual‐phase ceramic nanocomposites regulated by entropy engineering
Authors: Fu Le , Wang Bohan , Jiang Fuqing , Yu Wenjun , Xia Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolid‐state reaction (SSR) is frequently used to fabricate bulk high‐entropy ceramics (HECs). However, a high temperature and a long dwelling time are typically required to allow the occurrence of SSR. Meanwhile, conventional HECs were typically composed of single‐phase solid solution with micrograins. It is of great interest to develop nanocrystalline dual‐phase HECs under mild conditions. Here, we fabricated entropy‐mediated crystalline‐amorphous dual‐phase ceramic nanocomposites, and the fabrication process showed significantly higher energy and time efficiency than the conventional SSR. The nanocomposites were composed of entropy‐mediated nanoparticles (EM‐NPs) embedded in an amorphous SiO2 matrix. The constituent elements were homogeneously distributed in the EM‐NPs at the atomic level. The EM‐NPs were dislocations‐free but with lattice strain, and they showed a strong coarsening tendency during annealing. The nanocomposites showed a significant solid solution hardening effect. The reported results would provide useful guidance to fabricate nanocrystalline HECs with crystalline‐amorphous dual‐phase microstructure.
Crystal facet‐controlled CeO2 as surface decoration on nanosheet‐type SnO2 for sensing ultralow concentration gases
Authors: Choi Pil Gyu , Ema Takuma , Takami Seiichi , Masuda Yoshitake 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImproving the gas‐sensing properties of sensors is important for the detection of ultralow‐concentration gases. As sensor signals are generated from the reactions on the surface of the sensor material, improving the surface structure of the sensor material can enhance the sensing properties. In this study, nanosheet‐type tin oxide with a metastable (101) crystal facet surface was used as the gas sensor material. To enhance the sensing properties, crystal facet‐controlled cerium oxide with superior oxygen storage capacity at moderate temperatures was decorated on the surface of the nanosheet‐type tin oxide material. An investigation of the sensor properties revealed that the decorated sensor exhibited improved gas selectivity and enhanced sensitivity to all tested gases. Prior to decoration, selectivity was observed for acetone and ethanol, whereas the decorated sensor exhibited high selectivity for acetaldehyde. The limits of detection of the decorated sensors were 245, 459, and 934 ppt for acetone, ethanol, and acetaldehyde, respectively. Thus, the proposed material can effectively enhance the sensing of extremely low‐concentration gases.
Synthesis and characterization of double‐shell structure hollow SiO2 nanospheres
Authors: Li Fangxian , Wang Yasong , Ma Liang , Li Bin , Wei Jiangxiong , Yu Qijun , Jiang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to synthesize hollow SiO2 nanospheres (HSNs), and to investigate the effect of varying divinylbenzene (DVB) amounts during synthesis on their morphology and pore structure. Additionally, it seeks to characterize the thermal conductivity of the synthesized HSNs and evaluate the impact of their incorporation on the thermal insulation properties of acrylic coatings. Single‐shell HSNs were synthesized using the Stöber method, which involved hydrolysis‐polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate. The double‐shell HSNs were prepared using a stepwise wrapping synthesis method, with single‐shell HSNs as the core matrix and an appropriate amount of crosslinking agent added. The addition of DVB resulted in different morphologies, shell spacings, and specific surface areas for the double‐shell HSNs. The thermal conductivity of the double‐shell HSNs decreased significantly to as low as 0.0252 W·m1·K−1 with an increase in shell spacing. The shell spacing of double‐shell HSNs had doubled, resulting in a reduction of its thermal conductivity by approximately 18%. When the double‐shell HSN content reached 8%, the thermal conductivity decreased by 85% compared to that of the original acrylate coating. These results indicate that double‐shell HSNs can substantially decrease the thermal conductivity of the matrix material for thermal insulation applications.
Association between pre‐hip fracture depression and days at home after fracture and assessing sex differences
Authors: Mehta Rhea , Orwig Denise L. , Chen Chixiang , Dong Yu , Shardell Michelle D. , Yamashita Takashi , Falvey Jason R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundHip fracture and depression are important public health issues among older adults, but how pre‐fracture depression impacts recovery after hip fracture is unknown, especially among males who often experience greater depression severity. Days at home (DAH), or the days spent outside a hospital or healthcare facility, is a novel, patient‐centered outcome that can capture meaningful aspects of fracture recovery. How pre‐fracture depression impacts DAH after fracture, and related sex differences, remains unclear.MethodsParticipants included 63,618 Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 65+ years, with a hospitalization claim for hip fracture surgery between 2010 and 2017. The primary exposure was a diagnosis of depression at hospital admission, and the primary outcome was total DAH over 12 months post‐discharge. Longitudinal associations between pre‐fracture depression and the count of DAH among beneficiaries were estimated using Poisson regression models after adjustment for covariates; sex‐by‐depression interactions were also assessed. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reflecting relative differences were estimated from these models.ResultsOverall, beneficiaries with depression were younger, White females, and spent 11 fewer average DAH compared to counterparts without depression when demographic factors (age and sex) (IRR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.90, 0.92; p < 0.0001) and social determinants of health (race, Medicaid dual eligibility, and poverty) were adjusted for (IRR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.91, 0.93; p < 0.0001), but this association attenuated after adjusting for medical complexities (IRR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.01; p = 0.41) and facility and geographical factors (IRR = 1.0037; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.02; p = 0.66). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex.ConclusionsThe comorbidity burden of preexisting depression may impact DAH among both male and female Medicare beneficiaries with hip fracture. Results suggest a holistic health approach and secondary prevention of depressive symptoms after hip fracture.
Viscerosensory signalling to the nucleus accumbens via the solitary tract nucleus
Authors: McDougall Stuart J. , Ong Zhi Yi , Heller Rosa , Horton Anna , Thek Kimberly K. , Choi Eun A. , McNally Gavan P. , Lawrence Andrew J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) receives direct viscerosensory vagal afferent input that drives autonomic reflexes, neuroendocrine function and modulates behaviour. A subpopulation of NTS neurons project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc); however, the function of this NTS‐NAc pathway remains unknown. A combination of neuroanatomical tracing, slice electrophysiology and fibre photometry was used in mice and/or rats to determine how NTS‐NAc neurons fit within the viscerosensory network. NTS‐NAc projection neurons are predominantly located in the medial and caudal portions of the NTS with 54 ± 7% (mice) and 65 ± 3% (rat) being TH‐positive, representing the A2 NTS cell group. In horizontal brainstem slices, solitary tract (ST) stimulation evoked excitatory post‐synaptic currents (EPSCs) in NTS‐NAc projection neurons. The majority (75%) received low‐jitter, zero‐failure EPSCs characteristic of monosynaptic ST afferent input that identifies them as second order to primary sensory neurons. We then examined whether NTS‐NAc neurons respond to cholecystokinin (CCK, 20 μg/kg ip) in vivo in both mice and rats. Surprisingly, there was no difference in the number of activated NTS‐NAc cells between CCK and saline‐treated mice. In rats, just 6% of NTS‐NAc cells were recruited by CCK. As NTS TH neurons are the primary source for NAc noradrenaline, we measured noradrenaline release in the NAc and showed that NAc noradrenaline levels declined in response to cue‐induced reward retrieval but not foot shock. Combined, these findings suggest that high‐fidelity afferent information from viscerosensory afferents reaches the NAc. These signals are likely unrelated to CCK‐sensitive vagal afferents but could interact with other sensory and higher order inputs to modulate learned appetitive behaviours.image
Influence of blood loss on cerebral oxygen saturation in paediatric patients undergoing surgery for scoliosis correction: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Gao Jia , Li Lijing , Gao Zhengzheng , Ren Yi , Wang Fang , Wang Xiaoxue , Li Duoyi , Liu Guoliang , Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: July 2024

AimSurgery for congenital scoliosis correction in children is often associated with considerable blood loss. Decrease in regional oxygen saturation (rScO2) can reflect insufficient cerebral perfusion and predict neurological complications. This retrospective observational study explored the relationship between blood loss during this surgery and a decrease in rScO2 in children.MethodsThe following clinical data of children aged 3–14 years who underwent elective posterior scoliosis correction between March 2019 and July 2021 were collected: age, sex, height, weight, baseline rScO2, basal mean invasive arterial pressure (MAP), preoperative Cobb angle, number of surgical segments, preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin level, percentage of lowest rScO2 below the baseline value that lasted 3 min or more during the operation (decline of rScO2 from baseline, D‐rScO2%), intraoperative average invasive MAP, end‐tidal carbon dioxide pressure, fluid infusion rate of crystalloids and colloids, operation time, and percentage of total blood loss/patient's blood volume (TBL/PBV).ResultsA total of 105 children were included in the study. Massive haemorrhage (TBL/PBV ≥50%) was reported in 53.3% of patients, who had significantly higher D‐rScO2 (%) (t = −5.264, P < 0.001) than those who had non‐massive haemorrhage (TBL/PBV <50%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that TBL/PBV (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.018–0.062, P < 0.05) was significantly associated with D‐rScO2%.ConclusionsIntraoperative massive blood loss in children significantly increased D‐rScO2%. Monitoring should be improved, and timely blood supplementation should be performed to ensure maintenance of the blood and oxygen supply to vital organs, improve the safety of anaesthesia, and avoid neurological complications.
Fractional picosecond laser treatment of non‐acne atrophic scars and scar erythema in Chinese patients
Authors: Li Jing , Duan Fangfang , Kuang Jie , Liu Xiao , Pan Jing , Wei Jia , Zhao Jinghui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFractional picosecond lasers (FPL) are reported to be effective and safe for atrophic acne scars and post‐acne erythema. However, there is no evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of FPL treatment for non‐acne atrophic scars and scar erythema among Chinese patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 12 Chinese patients with non‐acne atrophic scars, including nine with scar erythema, were treated with one to three sessions of 1064 nm FPL treatment. Clinical improvement was objectively assessed through blinded evaluations by external physicians. A modified Manchester Scar Scale (mMSS) and the Clinician Erythema Assessment Scale (CEAS) were individually used to evaluate atrophic scars and scar erythema based on photographs. Physician‐assessed and subject‐assessed Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) were used to assess changes before and after FPL treatment. Patient satisfaction and adverse events were also documented.ResultsTotal mMSS scores, as well as three parameters (color, distortion, and texture), were significantly decreased after FPL treatment, with a mean reduction of 3.18 ± 1.60 in total scores (p < 0.05). The CEAS scores were significantly reduced from 2.41 ± 0.98 before treatment to 0.41 ± 0.40 at the final visit (p < 0.05). Based on physician‐assessed and subject‐assessed GAIS scores, 11 (91.7%) patients were improved after FPL treatment. 33.3% of patients were very satisfied, and 41.7% were satisfied. No serious, prolonged (> 3 weeks) adverse events were observed.ConclusionOur study suggests that 1064 nm FPL treatment may be a promising option for non‐acne atrophic scars, especially with scar erythema. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.