bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Yang-Mills duals of small AdS black holes
Authors: Choi Sunjin , Jeong Saebyeok , Kim Seok 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the large N matrix model for the index of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Yang-Mills theory and its truncations to understand the dual AdS5 black holes. Numerical studies of the truncated models provide insights on the black hole physics, some of which we investigate analytically with the full Yang-Mills matrix model. In particular, we find many branches of saddle points which describe the known black hole solutions. We analytically construct the saddle points dual to the small black holes whose sizes are much smaller than the AdS radius. They include the asymptotically flat BMPV black holes embedded in large AdS with novel thermodynamic instabilities.
Entanglement islands and cutoff branes from path-integral optimization
Authors: Chandra Ashish , Li Zhengjiang , Wen Qiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recently it was proposed that, the AdS/BCFT correspondence can be simulated by a holographic Weyl transformed CFT2, where the cut-off brane plays the role of the Karch-Randall (KR) brane [1]. In this paper, we focus on the Weyl transformation that optimizes the path integral computation of the reduced density matrix for a single interval in a holographic CFT2. When we take the limit that one of the endpoint of the interval goes to infinity (a half line), such a holographic Weyl transformed CFT2 matches the AdS/BCFT configuration for a BCFT with one boundary. Without taking the limit, the induced cutoff brane becomes a circle passing through the two endpoints of the interval. We assume that the cutoff brane also plays the same role as the KR brane in AdS/BCFT, hence the path-integral-optimized purification for the interval is in the island phase. This explains the appearance of negative mutual information observed in [2]. We check that, the entanglement entropy and the balanced partial entanglement entropy (BPE) calculated via the island formulas, exactly match with the RT formula and the entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS), which are allowed to anchor on the cutoff brane.
Hadamard products and BPS networks
Authors: Elmi Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study examples of fourth-order Picard-Fuchs operators that are Hadamard products of two second-order Picard-Fuchs operators. Each second-order Picard-Fuchs operator is associated with a family of elliptic curves, and the Hadamard product computes period integrals on the fibred product of the two elliptic surfaces. We construct 3-cycles on this geometry as the union of 2-cycles in the fibre over contours on the base. We then use the special Lagrangian condition to constrain the contours on the base. This leads to a construction that is reminiscent of spectral networks and exponential networks that have previously appeared in string theory literature.
The NNLO soft function for N-jettiness in hadronic collisions
Authors: Bell Guido , Dehnadi Bahman , Mohrmann Tobias , Rahn Rudi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compute the N-jettiness soft function in hadronic collisions to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the strong-coupling expansion. Our calculation is based on an extension of the SoftSERVE framework to soft functions that involve an arbitrary number of lightlike Wilson lines. We present numerical results for 1-jettiness and 2-jettiness, and illustrate that our formalism carries over to a generic number of jets by calculating a few benchmark points for 3-jettiness. We also perform a detailed analytic study of the asymptotic behaviour of the soft-function coefficients at the edges of phase space, where one of the jets becomes collinear to another jet or beam direction, and comment on previous calculations of the N-jettiness soft function.
Multiparton Cwebs at five loops
Authors: Mishra Shubham , Pal Sourav , Srivastav Aditya , Tripathi Anurag 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Scattering amplitudes involving multiple partons are plagued with infrared singularities. The soft singularities of the amplitude are captured by the soft function which is defined as the vacuum expectation value of Wilson line correlators. Renormalization properties of soft function allows us to write it as an exponential of the finite soft anomalous dimension. An efficient way to study the soft function is through a set of Feynman diagrams known as Cwebs (webs). We present the mixing matrices and exponentiated colour factors (ECFs) for the Cwebs at five loops that connect six Wilson lines, except those that are related by relabeling of Wilson lines. Further, we express these ECFs in terms of 29 basis colour factors. We also find that this basis can be categorized into two colour structures. Our results are the first key ingredients for the calculation of the soft anomalous dimension at five loops.
Reconstructing the spacetime dual to a free matrix
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Roy Pratik , Van Zyl Hendrik J. R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider the collective field theory description of the singlet sector of a free matrix field in 2+1 dimensions. This necessarily involves the study of k-local collective fields, which are functions of 2k + 1 coordinates. We argue that these coordinates have a natural interpretation: the k-local collective field is a field defined on an AdS4×Sk−2×Sk−1 spacetime. The modes of a harmonic expansion on the Sk−2×Sk−1 portion of the spacetime leads to the spinning bulk fields of the dual gravity theory.
Charges and topology in linearised gravity
Authors: Hull Chris , Hutt Maxwell L. , Lindström Ulf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Covariant conserved 2-form currents for linearised gravity are constructed by contracting the linearised curvature with conformal Killing-Yano tensors. The corresponding conserved charges were originally introduced by Penrose and have recently been interpreted as the generators of generalised symmetries of the graviton. We introduce an off-shell refinement of these charges and find the relation between these improved Penrose charges and the linearised version of the ADM momentum and angular momentum. If the graviton field is globally well-defined on a background Minkowski space then some of the Penrose charges give the momentum and angular momentum while the remainder vanish. We consider the generalisation in which the graviton has Dirac string singularities or is defined locally in patches, in which case the conventional ADM expressions are not invariant under the graviton gauge symmetry in general. We modify them to render them gauge-invariant and show that the Penrose charges give these modified charges plus certain magnetic gravitational charges. We discuss properties of the Penrose charges, generalise to toroidal Kaluza-Klein compactifications and check our results in a number of examples.
Alternate computation of gravitational effects from a single loop of inflationary scalars
Authors: Miao S. P. , Tsamis N. C. , Woodard R. P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a new computation of the renormalized graviton self-energy induced by a loop of massless, minimally coupled scalars on de Sitter background. Our result takes account of the need to include a finite renormalization of the cosmological constant, which was not included in the first analysis. We also avoid preconceptions concerning structure functions and instead express the result as a linear combination of 21 tensor differential operators. By using our result to quantum-correct the linearized effective field equation we derive logarithmic corrections to both the electric components of the Weyl tensor for gravitational radiation and to the two potentials which quantify the gravitational response to a static point mass.
Extrakorporale Verfahren bei Vergiftungen
Authors: Hackl Gerald , Schreiber Nikolaus 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungIn seltenen Fällen benötigen PatientInnen mit lebensbedrohlichen Intoxikationen ein extrakorporales Verfahren zur erweiterten Giftelimination. Die Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning (EXTRIP) Workgroup bietet konsens- und evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen mit laufender Aktualisierung bezüglich des Einsatzes von extrakorporalen Verfahren im Management von kritisch kranken, vergifteten PatientInnen. Die extrakorporale Clearance ist am höchsten bei niedermolekularen Substanzen mit niedrigem Verteilungsvolumen, niedriger Plasmaproteinbindung und hoher Wasserlöslichkeit. Um den Effekt der extrakorporalen Clearance zu maximieren, sollten Blut- und Dialysatfluss so hoch wie möglich sein und die Membran mit der größten Oberfläche verwendet werden. Meistens kommt aufgrund der höchsten Effektivität die intermittierende Hämodialyse zur Anwendung, wobei hämodynamisch kompromittierte PatientInnen von einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren profitieren können.
Excessive internet use among Finnish young people between 2017 and 2021 and the effect of COVID-19
Authors: Kiviruusu Olli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
An increase in excessive Internet use (EIU) among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic was suggested in many studies. However, these studies were mostly based on cross-sectional and/or unrepresentative samples.

Methods
Using data from a nationwide Finnish school survey in the years 2017, 2019 and 2021 (N = 450,864; aged 13–20 years), changes in the prevalence of EIU (EIUS, 5-item) were assessed. The effects of COVID-19 (year 2021 vs. 2017/2019 combined) and linear trend were analyzed in logistic regression models. Models were adjusted for loneliness, depression, anxiety, and sociodemographic factors.

Results
Among males, EIU prevalence varied minimally (7.8–8.1%) from 2017 to 2021. Among females, the prevalence increased from 6.8 to 11.7% and the effect of COVID-19 was significant (OR = 1.53; p < 0.001). Including the linear trend in the model turned the COVID-19 effect on EIU among females non-significant (p = 0.625), whereas the trend was significant (OR = 1.17; p < 0.001). Adjusting the models with mental health-related factors attenuated the effect of COVID-19 to some extent, but not the effect of linear trend.

Conclusions
There is a sex difference in the way the prevalence of EIU developed from 2017 to 2021 among Finnish adolescents. In males, there was no indication of increased prevalence of EIU and among females, while the effect of COVID-19 was first found, it was also suggested to be a product of a trend already started before the COVID-19 pandemic. These results are in contrast with some earlier studies suggesting an effect of COVID-19 on EIU.
The Price of Active Security in Cryptographic Protocols
Authors: Hazay Carmit , Venkitasubramaniam Muthuramakrishnan , Weiss Mor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe construct the first actively-secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) protocols with an arbitrary number of parties in the dishonest majority setting, for an arbitrary field $${\mathbb {F}}$$
F
with constant communication overhead over the “passive-GMW” protocol (Goldreich, Micali and Wigderson, STOC ‘87). Our protocols rely on passive implementations of Oblivious Transfer (OT) in the Boolean setting and Oblivious Linear function Evaluation (OLE) in the arithmetic setting. Previously, such protocols were only known over sufficiently large fields (Genkin et al. STOC ‘14) or a constant number of parties (Ishai et al. CRYPTO ‘08). Conceptually, our protocols are obtained via a new compiler from a passively-secure protocol for a distributed multiplication functionality $${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_{\scriptscriptstyle \textrm{MULT}}$$

F

MULT

, to an actively-secure protocol for general functionalities. Roughly, $${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_{\scriptscriptstyle \textrm{MULT}}$$

F

MULT

is parameterized by a linear-secret sharing scheme $${{{\mathcal {S}}}}$$
S
, where it takes $${{{\mathcal {S}}}}$$
S
-shares of two secrets and returns $${{{\mathcal {S}}}}$$
S
-shares of their product. We show that our compilation is concretely efficient for sufficiently large fields, resulting in an overhead of 2 when securely computing natural circuits. Our compiler has two additional benefits: (1) It can rely on any passive implementation of $${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_{\scriptscriptstyle \textrm{MULT}}$$

F

MULT

, which, besides the standard implementation based on OT (for Boolean) and OLE (for arithmetic), allows us to rely on implementations based on threshold cryptosystems (Cramer et al. Eurocrypt ‘01), and (2) it can rely on weaker-than-passive (i.e., imperfect/leaky) implementations, which in some parameter regimes yield actively-secure protocols with overhead less than 2. Instantiating this compiler with an “honest-majority” implementation of $${{{\mathcal {F}}}}_{\scriptscriptstyle \textrm{MULT}}$$

F

MULT

, we obtain the first honest-majority protocol (with up to one-third corruptions) for Boolean circuits with constant communication overhead over the best passive protocol (Damgård and Nielsen, CRYPTO ‘07).
Spinal dementia: Don’t miss it, it’s treatable
Authors: Urbach Horst , El Rahal A , Wolf K , Zander C , Demerath T , Volz F , Beck J , Lützen N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background & purpose
Around 5% of dementia patients have a treatable cause. To estimate the prevalence of two rare diseases, in which the treatable cause is at the spinal level.

Methods
A radiology information system was searched using the terms CT myelography and the operation and classification system (OPS) code 3-241. The clinical charts of these patients were reviewed to identify patients with a significant cognitive decline.

Results
Among 205 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and proven CSF leaks we identified five patients with a so-called frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome: Four of those had CSF venous fistulas and significantly improved by occluding them either by surgery or transvenous embolization. Another 11 patients had infratentorial hemosiderosis and hearing problems and ataxia as guiding symptoms. Some cognitive decline was present in at least two of them. Ten patients had ventral dural tears in the thoracic spine and one patient a lateral dural tear at C2/3 respectively. Eight patients showed some improvement after surgery.

Discussion
It is mandatory to study the (thoracic) spine in cognitively impaired patients with brain sagging and/ or infratentorial hemosiderosis on MRI. We propose the term spinal dementia to draw attention to this region, which in turn is evaluated with dynamic digital subtraction and CT myelography.
Enzymatic degradation of polylactic acid (PLA)
Authors: Shalem Adi , Yehezkeli Omer , Fishman Ayelet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Environmental concerns arising from the increasing use of polluting plastics highlight polylactic acid (PLA) as a promising eco-friendly alternative. PLA is a biodegradable polyester that can be produced through the fermentation of renewable resources. Together with its excellent properties, suitable for a wide range of applications, the use of PLA has increased significantly over the years and is expected to further grow. However, insufficient degradability under natural conditions emphasizes the need for the exploration of biodegradation mechanisms, intending to develop more efficient techniques for waste disposal and recycling or upcycling. Biodegradation occurs through the secretion of depolymerizing enzymes, mainly proteases, lipases, cutinases, and esterases, by various microorganisms. This review focuses on the enzymatic degradation of PLA and presents different enzymes that were isolated and purified from natural PLA-degrading microorganisms, or recombinantly expressed. The review depicts the main characteristics of the enzymes, including recent advances and analytical methods used to evaluate enantiopurity and depolymerizing activity. While complete degradation of solid PLA particles is still difficult to achieve, future research and improvement of enzyme properties may provide an avenue for the development of advanced procedures for PLA degradation and upcycling, utilizing its building blocks for further applications as envisaged by circular economy principles.

Key points
• Enzymes can be promisingly utilized for PLA upcycling.
• Natural and recombinant PLA depolymerases and methods for activity evaluation are summarized.
• Approaches to improve enzymatic degradation of PLA are discussed.

Graphical Abstract
An affordable detection system based on RT-LAMP and DNA-nanoprobes for avian metapneumovirus
Authors: Cea-Callejo Pablo , Arca-Lafuente Sonia , Gomez-Lucia Esperanza , Doménech Ana , Biarnés Mar , Blanco Angela , Benítez Laura , Madrid Ricardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Airborne animal viral pathogens can rapidly spread and become a global threat, resulting in substantial socioeconomic and health consequences. To prevent and control potential epidemic outbreaks, accurate, fast, and affordable point-of-care (POC) tests are essential. As a proof-of-concept, we have developed a molecular system based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) detection, an airborne communicable agent mainly infecting turkeys and chickens. For this purpose, a colorimetric system was obtained by coupling the LAMP technique with specific DNA-functionalized AuNPs (gold nanoparticles). The system was validated using 50 different samples (pharyngeal swabs and tracheal tissue) collected from aMPV-infected and non-infected chickens and turkeys. Viral detection can be achieved in about 60 min with the naked eye, with 100% specificity and 87.88% sensitivity for aMPV. In summary, this novel molecular detection system allows suitable virus testing in the field, with accuracy and limit of detection (LOD) values highly close to qRT-PCR-based diagnosis. Furthermore, this system can be easily scalable to a platform for the detection of other viruses, addressing the current gap in the availability of POC tests for viral detection in poultry farming.

Key points
•aMPV diagnosis using RT-LAMP is achieved with high sensitivity and specificity.
•Fifty field samples have been visualized using DNA-nanoprobe validation.
•The developed system is a reliable, fast, and cost-effective option for POCT.

Graphical Abstract
Highlights of ophthalmological manifestations in newly diagnosed acute leukemia: a correlation with hematological parameters
Authors: Laimon Dina N. , Sakr Doaa H. , Atef Basma , Shaaban Yasmine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcute leukemia is a hematological malignancy affecting different organ systems including the eye and orbit through direct infiltration of tissues or secondary to hematological abnormalities. Ophthalmological manifestations in acute leukemia are variable ranging from asymptomatic presentation to serious manifestations that can alter the disease course and treatment. The purpose of this study is to detect the incidence of different ophthalmological manifestations in newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients and to assess the relationship between ocular findings and hematological characteristics and the sequel of these neoplasms. A cross-sectional study with analytical components was conducted on 222 newly diagnosed acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who presented at Oncology Center Mansoura University (OCMU) between January 2022 and February 2023. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation at Mansoura Ophthalmology Center (MOC). The mean age was 43.45 ± 17.35 years (range, 17–85), and M/F was 137 (61.7%)/85 (38.3%). One-hundred and forty-four (64.9%) had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 78 (35.1%) had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Ophthalmic manifestations were detected in 96 patients (43.2%). Among them, 4 (1.8%) had poor visual acuity. Retinal hemorrhage (19.8%) and Roth spots (17.1%) were the most common ocular manifestations. Other ophthalmological manifestations observed were orbital involvement (3.2%), ocular motility issues (1.4%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (5.9%), conjunctival chemosis (0.9%),lid swelling (4.1%), lid ecchymosis (3.2%), lagophthalmos (0.5%), lid ptosis (1.8%), retinal venous congestion & tortuosity (4.1%), preretinal hemorrhage (3.2%), vitreous hemorrhage (3.2%), macular affection (2.3%), retinal infiltration (1.8%), exudative retinal detachment (ERD) (1.8%), cotton-wool spots (0.9%), retinal vein occlusion (0.5%), papilledema (2.8%), optic disc infiltration (1.8%), disc pallor (1.8%).AML patients were significantly associated with a higher frequency of ocular affection, retinal hemorrhages, and Roth spots (P 0.028, 0.003, and 0.046, respectively) compared to ALL patients. Retinal hemorrhage was statistically significantly associated with anemia (P 0.021). Ophthalmological manifestations of acute leukemia are heterogeneous; they can be detected at initial presentations or relapse. Some manifestations are asymptomatic, others can affect visual acuity or even alter the disease course. Cooperation between ophthalmologists and haemato-oncologists is crucial for recognizing ocular involvement and disease management.
Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) of the prostate for benign prostatic obstruction: the first 100 patients cohort of a prospective, single-center study
Authors: Lo Re Mattia , Polverino Paolo , Rivetti Anna , Pecoraro Alessio , Saladino Marco , Pezzoli Marta , Siena Giampaolo , De Nunzio Cosimo , Li Marzi Vincenzo , Gacci Mauro , Serni Sergio , Campi Riccardo , Sessa Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) is a new minimally-invasive surgical treatment for patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). We report the perioperative and mid-term functional results of the first 100 consecutively patients undergoing TPLA at our institution.

Methods
Clinical data from consecutive patients undergoing TPLA at our institution from April 2021 to July 2023 were prospectively collected. Primary endpoints were the postoperative changes in IPSS, QoL and MSHQ 3-item questionnaires and in Qmax and post-void residual volume (PVR).

Results
Overall, 100 consecutive patients underwent the procedure. Median age and prostate volume were 66 (IQR 60–75) years and 50 (IQR 40–70) ml, respectively. In the cohort, 14 (14%) patients had an indwelling catheter and 81 (81%) were under oral BPO therapy at the time of TPLA. Baseline median Qmax (ml/s) and PVR (ml) were 9.1 (IQR 6.9–12) and 90 (IQR 50–150), respectively, while median IPSS and QoL were 18 (IQR 15–23) and 4 (IQR 3–4). At all the follow-up timepoints, the evaluated outcomes on both symptoms and functional parameters showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in all sexually active patients. No postoperative Clavien-Dindo > 2 complications were recorded.

Conclusions
TPLA represents a safe option for selected well-informed patients swith LUTS due to BPO. Our prospective study confirms the feasibility and favorable perioperative and functional outcomes in a real-world cohort with heterogenous prostate volumes and patient characteristics.