bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-related Shift in Neural Complexity Related to Task Performance and Physical Activity
Authors: Heisz Jennifer J. , Gould Michelle , McIntosh Anthony R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The human brain undergoes marked structural changes with age including cortical thinning and reduced connectivity because of the degradation of myelin. Although these changes can compromise cognitive function, the brain is able to functionally reorganize to compensate for some of this structural loss. However, there are interesting individual differences in outcome: When comparing individuals of similar age, those who engage in regular physical activity are less affected by the typical age-related decline in cognitive function. This study used multiscale entropy to reveal a shift in the way the brain processes information in older adults that is related to physical activity. Specifically, older adults who were more physically active engaged in more local neural information processing. Interestingly, this shift toward local information processing was also associated with improved executive function performance in older adults, suggesting that physical activity may help to improve aspects of cognitive function in older adults by biasing the neural system toward local information processing. In the face of age-related structural decline, the neural plasticity that is enhanced through physical activity may help older adults maintain cognitive health longer into their lifespan.
Temporal Dynamics of Attention during Encoding versus Maintenance of Working Memory: Complementary Views from Event-related Potentials and Alpha-band Oscillations
Authors: Myers Nicholas E. , Walther Lena , Wallis George , Stokes Mark G. , Nobre Anna C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is strongly influenced by attention. In visual WM tasks, recall performance can be improved by an attention-guiding cue presented before encoding (precue) or during maintenance (retrocue). Although precues and retrocues recruit a similar frontoparietal control network, the two are likely to exhibit some processing differences, because precues invite anticipation of upcoming information whereas retrocues may guide prioritization, protection, and selection of information already in mind. Here we explored the behavioral and electrophysiological differences between precueing and retrocueing in a new visual WM task designed to permit a direct comparison between cueing conditions. We found marked differences in ERP profiles between the precue and retrocue conditions. In line with precues primarily generating an anticipatory shift of attention toward the location of an upcoming item, we found a robust lateralization in late cue-evoked potentials associated with target anticipation. Retrocues elicited a different pattern of ERPs that was compatible with an early selection mechanism, but not with stimulus anticipation. In contrast to the distinct ERP patterns, alpha-band (8–14 Hz) lateralization was indistinguishable between cue types (reflecting, in both conditions, the location of the cued item). We speculate that, whereas alpha-band lateralization after a precue is likely to enable anticipatory attention, lateralization after a retrocue may instead enable the controlled spatiotopic access to recently encoded visual information.
Regional Frequency Analysis at Ungauged Sites with the Generalized Additive Model
Authors: Chebana F. , Charron C. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Martel B. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The log-linear regression model is one of the most commonly used models to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged sites within the regional frequency analysis (RFA) framework. However, hydrological processes are naturally complex in several aspects including nonlinearity. The aim of the present paper is to take into account this nonlinearity by introducing the generalized additive model (GAM) in the estimation step of RFA. A neighborhood approach using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to delineate homogenous regions. GAMs possess a number of advantages such as flexibility in shapes of the relationships as well as the distribution of the output variable. The regional model is applied on a dataset of 151 hydrometrical stations located in the province of Québec, Canada. A stepwise procedure is employed to select the appropriate physiometeorological variables. A comparison is performed based on different elements (regional model, variable selection, and delineation). Results indicate that models using GAM outperform models using the log-linear regression as well as other methods applied to this dataset. In addition, GAM is flexible and allows for the inclusion and presentation of nonlinear effects of explanatory variables, in particular, basin area effect (scale). Another finding is the reduced effect of CCA delineation when combined with GAM.
A Polarimetric and Microphysical Investigation of the Northeast Blizzard of 8–9 February 2013
Authors: Griffin Erica M. , Schuur Terry J. , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Reeves Heather D. , Picca Joseph C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
On 8–9 February 2013, the northeastern United States experienced a historic winter weather event ranking among the top five worst blizzards in the region. Heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions occurred from northern New Jersey, inland to New York, and northward through Maine. Storm-total snow accumulations of 30–61 cm were common, with maximum accumulations up to 102 cm and snowfall rates exceeding 15 cm h−1. Dual-polarization radar measurements collected for this winter event provide valuable insights into storm microphysical processes. In this study, polarimetric data from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Upton, New York (KOKX), are investigated alongside thermodynamic analyses from the 13-km Rapid Refresh model and surface precipitation type observations from both Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) and the National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Office in Upton, New York, for interpretation of polarimetric signatures. The storm exhibited unique polarimetric signatures, some of which have never before been documented for a winter system. Reflectivity values were unusually large, reaching magnitudes &gt;50 dBZ in shallow regions of heavy wet snow near the surface. The 0°C transition line was exceptionally distinct in the polarimetric imagery, providing detail that was often unmatched by the numerical model output. Other features include differential attenuation of magnitudes typical of melting hail, depolarization streaks that provide evidence of electrification, nonuniform beamfilling, a “snow flare” signature, and localized downward excursions of the melting-layer bright band collocated with observed transitions in surface precipitation types. In agreement with previous studies, widespread elevated depositional growth layers, located at temperatures near the model-predicted −15°C isotherm, appear to be correlated with increased snowfall and large reflectivity factors ZH near the surface.
Are parents really attached to their adopted children?
Authors: Subhani Muhammad Imtiaz , Osman Amber , Abrar Fariha , Hasan Syed Akif 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Psychological studies found that adopted children suffer from lack of attachment relationships in life. It is important for new parents to understand the underlying concepts before they begin to comprehend behavior issues arising out of different turbulent situations in an adopted child’s life. Attachment theory facilitates in comprehending the frame of mind of these children, when they come from emotionally turbulent backgrounds and how some, if not all behavior issues can be attempted to be resolved to recognize children better and to create a nurturing relationship between adopted child and new parents.

Findings
Focus group method was deployed to collect the data via un-restricted non-probability sampling approach; data was quantified for evaluating the hypotheses via t-test of equality of means. Cross cultural findings suggested that parents-adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is revealed more in non-working parents, female parents, children of 11-14 years and female children across stated nations while, the ambivalent, avoidant and disorganized attachments are found more in practice if parents are working & male parents and if foster children are male at large & of 15-18 years.

Conclusion
It is concluded that the task of creating an enriched attachment relationship with an adopted child depends more on parents, normally non working parents and female parents while quality time and care is given somehow the other to young and female kids by either of the parents for establishing quality attachment. Quality time being bestowed to kids translates the category and intensity of parents- children associations.
Methods to Integrate Market Orientation in Technological Development: The Case of New Technologies to Produce Bioactive Substances from Wood
Authors: Stern Tobias , Ledl Caroline , Haydn Annemarie , Koch Sebastian , Hakala Juha , Hytönen Eemeli , Schwarzbauer Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Technical research projects often target innovative high-value products. These products may serve dynamic and fast-growing markets. However, while the general demand for such products may be very high and a lot of technical research is carried out in developing the respective processes, only very few new technologies and products are commercially realized and placed on the market. In order to widen the market focus toward a more comprehensive understanding of technical development, this study presents a mix of methods, including production cost analysis, business-to-business survey, and market impact assessment. When it comes to exploring a new technology that produces bioactive substances from wood, this article shows how the previously mentioned methods can be adapted, applied, and integrated for its successful commercialization.
Pengambilan Kebijakan Berbasis Education Management Information System(EMIS)
Authors: Aziz Fuadi 
Published: September 2014

Education Management Information System (EMIS) is intended to provide real data to support the decision maker. The study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of EMIS in making decision in ‘Mapenda’ of the Ministry of Religious of ‘Gunungkidul’district. The results showed that EMIS that is as the basis of educational data base for making policy has not been able to use it well. Data of EMIS is only used as an initial data and it is done to cross-check through direct meetings or through telephone communication that requires a lot of time.The obstruction is the process of EMIS data collection that is done only at a certain time, so the data is not updated, the issues of EMIS application, the ability to manage EMIS, and the participation of headmaster with the data collection. Education Management Information System (EMIS) dimaksudkan untuk memberikan data yang riil sebagai pendukung pengambil kebijakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis implementasi EMIS dalam pengambilan kebijakan di lingkungan Mapenda Kementerian Agama kabupaten Gunungkidul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EMIS sebagai basis pangkalan data pendidikan untuk pengambilan kebijakan belum mampu digunakan secara maksimal. Data EMIS hanya digunakan sebatas sebagai data awal dan dilakukan kroscek melalui pertemuan langsung maupun melalui komunikasi telepon sehinggamemerlukan banyak waktu. Hambatan tersebut adalah proses pendataan EMISdilakukan hanya pada waktu tertentu sehingga data tidak update, permasalahan aplikasi EMIS, kemampuan pengelola EMIS, dan partisipasi kepala madrasah dalam pendataan.
The Policy of Moral Education on KH Imam Zarkasyi’s Thought at Gontor Modern Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Karnaen Abdul 
Published: September 2014

KH. Imam Zarkasyi is one of the founding fathers of Gontor Modern Islamic Boarding School and also a famous national figure. The writer proposes to study moral education especially in the perspectives of KH. Imam Zarkasyi. The writer describes KH. Imam Zarkasyi’s definition of moral education, then the measurement of moral and method of teaching moral. The study is found that moral is action science, or knowledge about things that shows the good and bad elements in living in society, and moral education is action education or delivering the knowledge on the measurement of moral, that showsthe bad and good things in living in society, and the measurement is the absolute one.Moral education can be categorized into two; physical and spiritual moral education.Here, the writer concludes that in inculcating moral, there is no difference between physical and spiritual, but the integrated system as one education method.KH. Imam Zarkasyi adalah salah satu pendiri Pondok Pesantren Modern Gontordan sekaligus menjadi tokoh nasional. Penelitian mengkaji kebijakan pendidikanmoral khususnya dalam perspektif KH Imam Zarkasyi. Penulis mediskripsikandefinisi pendidikan moral dalam perspektif KH. Imam Zarkasyi, kemudian melakukan pengukuran mengenai metode pengajaran moral. Penelitian iniditemukan bahwa moral ilmu tindakan, atau pengetahuan tentang hal-hal yangmenunjukkan unsur-unsur yang baik dan buruk dalam kehidupan di masyarakat,dan pendidikan moral adalah pendidikan tindakan atau pemberian pengetahuantentang pengukuran moral, yang menunjukkan baik dan buruk dalam kehidupandi masyarakat, dan pengukuran adalah mutlak adanya. Pendidikan moral dapatdikategorikan menjadi dua; pendidikan moral jasmani dan rohani. Di sini, enulisbersimpulan bahwa dalam menanamkan moral, tidak ada perbedaan antara fisikdan spiritual, tetapi sistem yang terintegrasi sebagai suatu metode pendidikan.
Kebijakan Pesantren Mu’adalah dan Implementasi Kurikulum di Madrasah Aliyah Salafiyah Pondok Tremas Pacitan
Authors: Hidayat Ara , Wahib Eko 
Published: September 2014

This study is abaut the Mu’adalah Boarding School Policy and the Implementation of curriculum at the Islamic Senior High School (Madrasah Aliyah) Salafi Tremas Pacitan.The educational institution of the Islamic boarding school is an inseparable part of the nationally educational system. This changes the minset and point of view of the previous Islamic boarding school that was considered as a non-formal institution that did-not get good appreciation of its graduates. The research findings show that the mua’adah Islamic boarding shcool has been established as an institution that is equivalent to other formaleducational institutions by the ministry of religious. The status of Salafiyah Islamicsenior high school is stronger. Furthemore, it must be improved directly its educationalquality, teacher competences, and the curriculum implementation of theIslamic SeniorHigh School of Salafiyah Tremas Pacitan.
Model Kebijakan Pendidikan Karakter di Madrasah
Authors: Supa’at Supa’at 
Published: September 2014

The behavior deviationism in almost of our daily activities has caused realization that“character education” is very important, and the fact that our education system failed to achieve its goals. Therefore, it looks asif there were no solutions – multidemention crisis.Education must be a solution of a nation to gain the true development and prosperity.To know what realy happen ini our educational system and practice, it was done aresearch, in the 29 Islamic Senior High Schools (MA) in Kudus. This reseacrh findingsshow that, the concept of character education has substantively the same concept with the system of Islamic school education (madrasah), its difference is only in the referable value. The concept of philosophocal character education refers to antropocentic, and madrasah refers to theocentris (religion). The socio-historic system of madrasah is realythe model of character education or character based on character that is suitable with the condition in Indonesia.Penyimpangan perilaku di hampir semua sektor kehidupan telah menimbulkankesadaran bahwa “pendidikan karakter” sangatlah penting, dan bukti bahwasistem pendidikan kita telah gagal mencapai tujuannya. Bahkan, kegagalan iniseolah tidak ada jalan keluar – krisis multidimensi. Pendidikan seharusnya menjadi solusi bagi suatu bangsa untuk mengagapai kemajuan dan kemakmuran hakiki.Untuk mengetahui apa yang terjadi dengan sistem dan praktik pendidikan,dilakukan penelitian pada 29 Madrasah Aliyah yang ada di Kudus.Hasil penelitaian menunjukkan bahwa konsep pendidikan karakter sesungguhnya memiliki kesamaan substantive dengan system pendidikan madrasah, perbedaanya terletak pada nilai yang dapat dijadikan petunjuk. Konsep pendidikan karakter secara filosofis mengacu pada kebenaran antroposentris, dan madrasah merujuk pada teosentris (agama). Secara sosio-historis system pendidikan madrasah adalah model pendidikan karakter atau pendidikan berbasis karakter yang cocok untuk kondisi di Indonesia.
Kebijakan Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Terhadap Ordonansi Guru
Authors: Setiawan Farid 
Published: September 2014

Muhammadiyah always asserts itself as a social-religious organization to keep it from the (practical) political world. Here, the political potency does not mean that it is in the form of institutional involvement, but it is rather on the policy and the efforts of Muhammadiyah in changing or influencing any policy. The critical attitude of Muhammadiyah organization in moral movement is visible in giving response to policy that is in colonial literature is called the Godsdiensonderwijs. Muhammadiyah attitude toward the teacher ordinance policy is not carried out radically and confrontationally. Muhammadiyah political attitude looks elegant, flexible, and accommodating with a scheme of high politics and allocative politics.Muhammadiyah senantiasa menegaskan dirinya sebagai organisasi sosial-keagamaan yang menjaga jarak dengan dunia politik (praktis). Potensi politik yang dimaksud di sini bukan dalam bentuk keterlibatan kelembagaan, tetapi lebih pada kebijakan dan upaya Muhammadiyah dalam merubah atau mempengaruhi setiap polese. Sikap kritis Organisasi Muhammadiyah dalam gerakan moral tampak dalam merespons kebijakan yang dalam literatur kolonial disebut Godsdiensonderwijs.Sikap Muhammadiyah terhadap kebijakan ordonansi guru tidak dilakukan dengan cara radikal dan konfrontatif. Sikap politik Muhammadiyah justru tampak elegan, lentur, dan akomodatif dengan skema politik tinggi dan alokatif.
MR-visualization of surgical textile implants
Authors: Otto Jens , Kuehnert Nicolas , Busch Daniel , Lambertz Andreas , Klink Christian , Hansen Nienke L. , Ciritsis Alexander , Kuhl Christiane , Klinge Uwe , Neumann Ulf Peter , Conze Joachim , Kraemer Nils A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe use of surgical textile implants (so-called “mesh”) for hernia repair is an accepted standard. They may cause mesh-related problems such as chronic pain, migration or fistula formation. Nevertheless, these polymer-based textile meshes are often invisible by conventional imaging methods like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study we outlined the major steps in the development of a MR-visible textile implant, which can be used in patients. To achieve MR-visability, ferrooxide particles were incorporated into the base material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), during the spinning process. We could proof the MR-visibility of this new textile implant in different phantoms. After clinical approval of these implants in vivo in different animal studies, we pursued to evaluate the MR-conspicuity of such ferrooxide-loaded mesh implants in patients treated for inguinal hernias and explored the postsurgical mesh configuration by MRI. In this study we described the development and first results of a ferrooxide-loaded MR-visible mesh. In animal model and in clinical use such implants turned out to be a valuable tool for diagnostic and development.
The relevance of English language instruction in a changing linguistic environment in Iceland: The L2 self of young Icelanders
Authors: Jeeves Anna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study perceptions of post-compulsory school studies in Iceland were investigated through semi-structured interviews. While colloquial English suffices for entertainment, hobbies and Internet use in Iceland, a high level of proficiency is required for employment and tertiary study. School learners and young people in tertiary study and employment comment on their perceived proficiency in English and their present and anticipated future uses of the language. Implications for English instruction in Iceland are put forward and it is suggested that Iceland stands outside recognised frameworks of motivation because of its context of high exposure to English.
Questioning English standards: Learner attitudes and L2 choices in Norway
Authors: Rindal Ulrikke 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study investigates attitudes towards varieties of English among Norwegian adolescent learners and assesses the role of social evaluation for second language (L2) pronunciation choices by combining a verbal guise test with speaker commentary and reports of language choices. The results suggest that while American English is the most accessible English accent and the preferred L2 choice, Standard Southern British English remains the most prestigious English accent and retains its position as a formal English language teaching standard. However, not all learners want to convey the social meanings attributed to these widely identified English varieties, and therefore aim towards a “neutral” variety of English not associated with any native-English-speaking people or culture. The avoidance of standard varieties as L2 targets suggests that the tradition of questioning standard language norms in Norway is mirrored in L2 practices. The investigations into social motivations for L2 behaviour contribute to the ongoing discourse on the global spread and local appropriation of English. The results have implications for English language educators, who must meet the needs of proficient learners in an environment with increased intra-national use of English and no explicit model of pronunciation.
English language use at the internationalised universities of Northern Europe: Is there a correlation between Englishisation and world rank?
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEuropean universities have, since the late 1990s, undergone dramatic changes centred on internationalisation, harmonisation and competition. This paper is concerned with two specific consequences of these changes and their interrelationship: rankings and Englishisation, the latter defined as an increase in the use of English at universities of nation states where English is not the official language. Despite a recent surge in research into Englishisation, it is not yet clear to what extent current organisational changes inevitably entail an orientation towards