bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Collateral Blood Flow on Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Marks Michael P. , Lansberg Maarten G. , Mlynash Michael , Olivot Jean-Marc , Straka Matus , Kemp Stephanie , McTaggart Ryan , Inoue Manabu , Zaharchuk Greg , Bammer Roland , Albers Gregory W. 
Published: February 2014

Background and Purpose—
Our aim was to determine the relationships between angiographic collaterals and diffusion/perfusion findings, subsequent infarct growth, and clinical outcome in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Sixty patients with a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score of 0 or 1 and internal carotid artery/M1 occlusion at baseline were evaluated. A blinded reader assigned a collateral score using a previous 5-point scale, from 0 (no collateral flow) to 4 (complete/rapid collaterals to the entire ischemic territory). The analysis was dichotomized to poor flow (0–2) versus good flow (3–4). Collateral score was correlated with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, diffusion-weighted imaging volume, perfusion-weighted imaging volume (Tmax ≥6 seconds), TICI reperfusion, infarct growth, and modified Rankin Scale score at day 90.

Results—

Collateral score correlated with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (
P
=0.002) and median volume of tissue at Tmax ≥6 seconds (
P
=0.009). Twenty-nine percent of patients with poor collateral flow had TICI 2B–3 reperfusion versus 65.5% with good flow (
P
=0.009). Patients with poor collaterals who reperfused (TICI 2B–3) were more likely to have a good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 at 90 days) compared with patients who did not reperfuse (odds ratio, 12; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–98). There was no difference in the rate of good functional outcome after reperfusion in patients with poor collaterals versus good collaterals (
P
=1.0). Patients with poor reperfusion (TICI 0–2a) showed a trend toward greater infarct growth if they had poor collaterals versus good collaterals (
P
=0.06).

Conclusions—
Collaterals correlate with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, perfusion-weighted imaging volume, and good reperfusion. However, target mismatch patients who reperfuse seem to have favorable outcomes at a similar rate, irrespective of the collateral score.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01349946.
Adapting the Group Lifestyle Balance™ Program for Weight Management Within a Large Health Care System Diabetes Education Program
Authors: Greenwood Deborah A. , Kramer M. Kaye , Hankins Andrea I. , Parise Carol A. , Fox Amy , Buss Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose The purpose of this translation study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) intervention for weight management implemented through an existing diabetes education program within a large health care delivery system for overweight/obese individuals with diabetes, prediabetes, or neither condition. Methods Adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 participated in an adapted GLB intervention designed to be appropriate regardless of diabetes status. Effectiveness was based on changes in weight and minutes of physical activity between baseline and completion of the 12-week core. Differences between subjects based on diabetes status were also examined. Results A total of 111 subjects with diabetes, prediabetes, and no diabetes completed baseline survey data and attended at least 9 of the 12 core sessions from April 2010 through December 2011. All achieved significant weight loss, and the proportion of subjects who reported exercising at least 150 minutes/week increased. Conclusions The adapted GLB intervention for weight management implemented through an existing diabetes education program in a large health care system was feasible and effective in the population, regardless of participants’ diabetes status.
The Spillover Effects of Focused Deterrence on Gang Violence
Authors: Braga Anthony A. , Apel Robert , Welsh Brandon C. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Focused deterrence strategies attempt to increase punishment risks faced by violent gangs through the development of new and creative ways of deploying traditional and non-traditional law enforcement tools. In addition to increasing the swiftness and certainty of sanctions, these strategies explicitly communicate incentives and disincentives to deter likely gang offenders from violent behavior. Objective: This study seeks to determine whether focused deterrence strategies generate spillover deterrent effects on the gun violence behaviors of vicariously treated gangs that were socially tied to directly treated violent gangs. Research Design: A nonrandomized quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the gun violence reduction effects of focused deterrence strategies on directly treated gangs and vicariously treated gangs. Propensity score matching techniques were used to identify balanced comparison gangs for the vicariously treated gangs. Growth curve regression models were used to analyze gun violence trends for treated gangs relative to comparison gangs. Unit of Analysis: Quarterly counts of fatal and non-fatal shootings involving specific street gangs between 2006 and 2010 served as the units of analysis. Measures: Key outcome measures included quarterly shootings committed by specific gangs, shooting victimizations suffered by specific gangs, and the total number of shootings involving specific gangs. Results: The focused deterrence strategy was associated with statistically significant reductions in total shootings by directly treated gangs and vicariously treated gangs. Conclusions: Our study finds that vicariously treated gangs were deterred by the treatment experiences of their rivals and allies. This suggests that focused deterrence strategies can generate spillover crime reduction effects to gangs that are socially connected to directly treated gangs.
PACAP-38 infusion causes sustained vasodilation of the middle meningeal artery in the rat: Possible involvement of mast cells
Authors: Bhatt Deepak K , Gupta Saurabh , Olesen Jes , Jansen-Olesen Inger 
Published: February 2014

Background: In healthy human volunteers and in migraineurs, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) infusion caused sustained vasodilation of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and an immediate as well as a delayed headache. All the study subjects experienced facial flushing. Mast cells (MCs) might have a role in the long-lasting effect of PACAP-38 infusion. We hypothesized that in mast cell-depleted (MCD) rats the vascular responses to PACAP-38 would be lesser than in control rats because of a lack of vasodilatory products released during MC degranulation. Methods: MCs were depleted by chronic treatment with compound 48/80. The effect of 20 minutes' intravenous (i.v.) infusion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), PACAP-38, PACAP(6-38) (PAC-1 receptor antagonist) and PACAP-27 on the diameter of the MMA and on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in control and MCD rats was recorded by using the genuine closed-cranial window (CCW) model. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) infusion was given only in control rats. A combination of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine (4 mg kg−1 i.v.) and the H2 receptor antagonist famotidine (1 mg kg−1 i.v.) was given 10 minutes prior to PACAP-38 infusion. Increasing doses of PACAP-38, PACAP-27 and VIP were infused through the intracarotid artery (i.c.) in control and MCD rats to see the direct effects of these peptides on MMA diameter change. Results: There was no significant change in CGRP-induced MMA diameter increase in control and MCD rats, and the dilated MMA immediately returned back to baseline after stopping the infusion. The delayed MMA dilation induced by PACAP-38 was abolished in MCD and antihistamine (AH)-pretreated rats. Compared to PACAP-38, the PACAP-27 i.v. infusion gave smaller peak dilation of MMA in control rats. In MCD rats, PACAP-27 did not induce any significant dilation. VIP i.v. infusion reduced MABP but did not dilate MMA significantly. PACAP(6-38), which is a potent MC degranulator, also gave a significant delayed dilation of MMA. PACAP-38 i.c. responses (direct receptor mediated response) were not affected by MC depletion. Only the maximum response (% Emax) value of PACAP-27 (i.c.) was significantly lower in MCD rats compared to control rats. Conclusions: The delayed MMA dilatory responses to PACAP-38 infusion were attenuated in MCD and AH-pretreated rats, indicating a role of the MC mediator-histamine in PACAP-38-induced delayed dilation of MA.
Unintended Effects of an Intervention Supporting Mexican-Heritage Youth
Authors: Williams Lela Rankin , Marsiglia Flavio F. , Baldwin Adrienne , Ayers Stephanie 
Published: February 2014

Objective: To assess the impact of a parenting intervention, Familias: Preparando la Nueva Generación (FPNG), intended to support children, on parents heavy drinking. We hypothesized that parent participants of FPNG would reduce their heavy drinking at 1-year follow-up. Methods: Parents ( N = 281) of middle school children from a large, low-income metropolitan area in the Southwest United States participated in a randomized control trial over 2 years. Results: A logistic regression analysis using the maximum likelihood test determined that at Wave 3, parents receiving FPNG reduced heavy drinking behaviors compared to parents in the youth-only condition (odds ratio = .86, p < .05). Conclusions: Participating in the parenting program can effectively curb heavy drinking behaviors in parents—an important mechanism through which one may expect changes in youth risk behavior. The practice, policy, and research implications of these unintended findings are promising to the overall effectiveness of a parenting intervention for Mexican-heritage families.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Manganaro Agatino , Ciracì Luca , Andrè Laura , Trio Olimpia , Manganaro Roberta , Saporito Francesco , Oreto Giuseppe , Andò Giuseppe 
Published: February 2014

Background: The use of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as a surrogate indicator for the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains largely unknown. We assessed FMD at the brachial artery in 89 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods and Results: Patients were classified in groups 0 to 3 according to the number of diseased vessels and the SYNTAX score was calculated. The FMD decreased significantly from groups 0 to 3 ( P < .001). There was a significant linear relation between SYNTAX score and FMD (corrected r2 = .64, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, a reduced FMD was the only significant independent predictor of the presence of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.78, P = .032) and of CAD severity (OR 1.85, P = .005). Conclusion: This study confirms that FMD is reduced in patients with CAD and that such reduction in FMD is related to the extent of the disease. Therefore, FMD at the brachial artery is likely to represent a reliable indicator of CAD burden.
Clinical efficacy of generic imatinib
Authors: de Lemos Mario L , Kyritsis Victoria 
Published: February 2014

Background Generic imatinib has recently been approved for chronic myeloid leukemia in Canada and the European Union (EU). There are anecdotal concerns of reduced efficacy related to generic vs. brand name imatinib. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Generic imatinib product monographs approved by Health Canada and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) were reviewed. Medical information of Novartis, Teva and Apotex were contacted. Results Several issues have been raised. First, generic imatinib approved outside Canada and the European Union has been associated with reduced efficacy in small case reports and contradictory findings with two case series. However, the clinical bioequivalence of these generic products has not been clearly established. Secondly, use of generic imatinib in other populations has been questioned. However, imatinib absorption is not significantly different in pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia or patients with gastrointestinal tumours compared to adults with chronic myeloid leukemia. Although reduced absorption was reported after gastric bypass and gastrectomy, imatinib absorption occurs mostly in the ileum, duodenum, colon and jejunum. Change in gastric acidity has also been shown to not affecting imatinib absorption. Finally, beta-crystal form of brand name imatinib is more stable than the alpha-crystal form of generic imatinib at room temperature. However, the EMA found both crystal forms to be highly soluble and polymorphism would not significantly influence the performance of generic imatinib. Conclusion Overall, anecdotal concerns appear to be unfounded for generic imatinib approved in Canada and the EU. There is no evidence that these generic imatinib products are less effective than brand name imatinib.
Vascular Risk Factors Aggravate the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Qiao Jin , Lu Wen-Hui , Wang Jin , Guo Xiao-Juan , Qu Qiu-Min 
Published: February 2014

Purpose: To explore the correlation of vascular risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Chinese population. Methods: A total of 123 outpatients with probable AD followed up for 3 years were investigated. Severity of cognitive impairment and functional ability was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and modified activities of daily living (ADLs), respectively. The incidence of vascular risk factors was studied in patients with AD. Results: Univariate analysis showed significance difference in MMSE and ADL scores between patients with and without vascular risk factors ( P < .05). Multiple regression analysis showed age, education, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension were significant variables associated with annual MMSE, while there were no significant correlations between annual MMSE and sex, initial MMSE, diabetes, and so on. Conclusions: Vascular risk factors are common comorbidities in patients with AD in China, with younger, better educated ones showing faster cognitive decline. Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia may also aggravate the progression, and it is important to prevent and treat patients with AD.
Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation for patients with lifelong premature ejaculation: a novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Pastore Antonio L. , Palleschi Giovanni , Fuschi Andrea , Maggioni Cristina , Rago Rocco , Zucchi Alessandro , Costantini Elisabetta , Carbone Antonio 
Published: February 2014

Objectives: Premature ejaculation is the most common male sexual disorder. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation in patients affected by lifelong premature ejaculation. Methods: We treated 40 men with lifelong premature ejaculation, reporting, a baseline intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) ≤ 1 min, with 12-week pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation. Results: At the end of the rehabilitation, mean IELTs were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy. At the end of the treatment, 33 (82.5%) of the 40 patients gained control of their ejaculatory reflex, with a mean IELT of 146.2 s (range: 123.6–152.4 s). A total of 13 out of 33 (39%) patients were evaluated at 6 months follow up, and they maintained a significant IELT (112.6 s) compared with their initial IELT (mean 39.8 s). Conclusions: The results obtained in our subjects treated with pelvic floor rehabilitation are promising. This therapy represents an important cost reduction compared with the standard treatment (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Based on the present data, we propose pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation as a new, viable therapeutic option for the treatment of premature ejaculation.
Telehealth Remote Monitoring Systematic Review
Authors: Greenwood Deborah A. , Young Heather M. , Quinn Charlene C. 
Published: February 2014

Aims: The aim was to summarize research on telehealth remote patient monitoring interventions that incorporate key elements of structured self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) identified as essential for improving A1C. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and OVID Medline databases with search terms “Telemedicine” AND “Monitoring, Physiologic” AND “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.” Study selection criteria included original randomized clinical trials evaluating the impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on A1C among adults with type 2 diabetes and incorporated 1 or more essential elements of SMBG identified by the International Diabetes Federation (patient education, provider education, structured SMBG profile, SMBG goals, feedback, data used to modify treatment, interactive communication or shared decision making). Results: Fifteen studies were included, with interventions ranging from 3 to 12 months (mean 8 months) with sample sizes from 30 to 1665. Key SMBG elements were grouped into 3 categories: education, SMBG protocols, and feedback. Research incorporating 5 of the 7 elements consistently achieved significant A1C improvements between study groups. Interventions using more SMBG elements are associated with an improvement in A1C. Studies with the largest A1C decrease incorporated 6 of the 7 elements and computer decision support. Two studies with 5 of the 7 elements and active medication management achieved significant A1C decreases. Conclusion: Telehealth remote patient monitoring interventions in type 2 diabetes have not included all structured monitoring elements recommended by the IDF. Incorporating more elements of structured SMBG is associated with improved A1C.
Detection of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Adamson Teagan L. , Cook Curtiss B. , LaBelle Jeffrey T. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Multiple markers are used to assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). New technology that permits simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers combined with those used at the point of care indicative of glycemic control, including glycemic variability determined from 1,5-anhydroglucitol measurement, could provide better management and further insight into the disease. Methods: This platform was based on previous research involving glucose detection and uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to detect a range of 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations at an optimal binding frequency. The enzyme pyranose oxidase was fixed to gold electrodes while a sine wave of sweeping frequencies was induced in purified solutions and in variable presence of whole blood. Results: The optimal binding frequency for the detection of 1,5-anhydroglucitol was found to be 3.71 kHz. The impedance response compared to the concentration of target present was found to have a logarithmic slope of 7.04 with an R-squared value of 0.96. This response includes 2 experimental sets, a single test of a low concentration range and a high concentration range with 5 replicates. The relative standard deviation of the high range varied from 28% to 27% from lowest to highest concentrations. Best detection in complex solutions was found in lower blood concentrations of 0.5% and 1%, but maintained relatively high accuracy in concentrations 5% and 10%. Conclusions: The sensor platform was successfully evaluated at a high dynamic range of 1,5-AG in purified solutions. In the presence of whole blood, lowest percentages yielded the best results indicating that filtering interferents may be necessary in final device architecture.
Application of the Reference Method Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (ID/GC/MS) to Establish Metrological Traceability for Calibration and Control of Blood Glucose Test Systems
Authors: Andreis Elisabeth , Küllmer Kai , Appel Matthias 
Published: February 2014

Aim: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG) by means of handheld BG systems is a cornerstone in diabetes therapy. The aim of this article is to describe a procedure with proven traceability for calibration and evaluation of BG systems to guarantee reliable BG measurements. Methods: Isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (ID/GC/MS) is a method that fulfills all requirements to be used in a higher-order reference measurement procedure. However, this method is not applicable for routine measurements because of the time-consuming sample preparation. A hexokinase method with perchloric acid (PCA) sample pretreatment is used in a measurement procedure for such purposes. This method is directly linked to the ID/GC/MS method by calibration with a glucose solution that has an ID/GC/MS-determined target value. BG systems are calibrated with whole blood samples. The glucose levels in such samples are analyzed by this ID/GC/MS-linked hexokinase method to establish traceability to higher-order reference material. Results: For method comparison, the glucose concentrations in 577 whole blood samples were measured using the PCA-hexokinase method and the ID/GC/MS method; this resulted in a mean deviation of 0.1%. The mean deviation between BG levels measured in >500 valid whole blood samples with BG systems and the ID/GC/MS was 1.1%. Conclusions: BG systems allow a reliable glucose measurement if a true reference measurement procedure, with a noninterrupted traceability chain using ID/GC/MS linked hexokinase method for calibration of BG systems, is implemented. Systems should be calibrated by means of a traceable and defined measurement procedure to avoid bias.
The Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Low Interstitial Glucose Values and Low Blood Glucose Values Assessed by Point-of-care Blood Glucose Meters
Authors: Hermanns Norbert , Schumann Beatrix , Kulzer Bernhard , Haak Thomas 
Published: February 2014

Objective: In a randomized crossover trial the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was tested on the occurrence of low blood glucose values measured by point of care (POC) measurement and on low glucose values measured by CGM in the interstitial fluid. Methods: A total of 41 type 1 diabetic patients (age 42.0 ± 11.4 years, diabetes duration 15.3 ± 10.1 years, A1c 8.2 ± 1.4%) used a CGM system (Dexcom SEVEN PLUS system) twice. In first study phase (CGM blind), patients were blind regarding the CGM current glucose levels and were not alerted when critical glucose values were reached. In the second phase (CGM real time), patients had access to current glucose levels and were alerted if critical glucose values were reached. Results: During CGM real time the proportion of hypoglycemic POC blood glucose values were significantly reduced (7.5 ± 5.6% vs 10.1 ± 7.5%; P = .04), whereas the proportion of euglycemic blood glucose values were significantly enhanced (73.7 ± 18.3% vs 68.3 ± 12.1%; P = .01). The duration of low glucose periods in the interstitial fluid was significantly lower in the CGM real time phase (125 ± 89 vs 181 ± 125 minutes per day; P = .005). The time until a low blood glucose was detected by POC measurement was shortened by 33.2 ± 76.1 minutes ( P = .03). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that CGM is able to not only reduce duration of hypoglycemia measured by CGM in interstitial fluid, but also reduce the proportion of low POC blood glucose measurements. In addition, hypoglycemia can be detected earlier.