bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propofol induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulation of microRNA‐199a expression
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wu Guo‐qing , Zhang Yan , Feng Zhi‐ying , Zhu Sheng‐mei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPropofol is one of the extensively commonly used intravenous anaesthetic agents. The effects of Propofol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth inhibition and apoptosis have been examined. The techniques used were the MTT assay, flow cytometry, real‐time PCR to assess miR‐199a expression, as also caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 activity in HepG2 cells treated with Propofol. Finally, we evaluated the effect of miR‐199a on Propofol‐induced anti‐tumour activity using anti‐miR‐199a. Propofol efficiently inhibited the growth of HCC cells, but was less toxic to normal hepatic cells. It induced apoptosis and increased expression of miR‐199a. Activation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 suggested that both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are involved in Propofol‐induced apoptosis. Anti‐miR‐199a reversed the effect of Propofol on apoptosis and activation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 in HepG2 cells. Propofol can effectively induce apoptosis of HCC cells and modulation of miR‐199a possibly contributes to the anti‐tumour action of Propofol. Hence, Propofol might be an effective drug for HCC.
Detection and comparison of cut‐off values for total AgNOR area/nuclear area and AgNOR number/nucleus in benign thyroid nodules and normal thyroid tissue
Authors: Eroz Recep , Cucer Nurhan , Unluhizarci Kursad , Ozturk Figen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractArgyrophilic nucleolar organising region associated proteins (AgNORs) are of interest in a variety of diseases including thyroid disorders. We have investigated the cut‐off values for AgNOR count and with a new approach, Total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TNORa/Na) proportions to discriminate thyrocytes obtained from benign thyroid nodules and normal thyroid tissue. Thirty patients whose fine needle aspiration (FNA) materials were compatible with a benign lesion (named as goiter group) and 30 controls (subjects with normal thyroid tissue) were included. In the control group, biopsy material was obtained from histologically normal thyroid gland operated on because FNA material was compatible with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). These samples were stained for AgNOR and 100 nuclei per individual were examined. Both AgNOR values for individual cells and cut‐off values were detected for each group. Patients with goiter had significantly (P < 0.001) higher AgNOR count (2.1 ± 0.6%) and TNORa/Na (6.1 ± 1.5%) than the control groups (1.4 ± 0.2 and 3.0 ± 0.4, respectively). The cut‐off values were <1.5 for AgNOR count and <3.8 for TNORa/Na in thyrocytes of the controls. This modified method is an easy and reliable method for discriminating various thyroid disorders, including the differentiation of benign thyroid nodules from malignant ones. It also helps to discriminate thyrocytes obtained from benign nodules from normal thyroid tissue, aiding accurate localisation of sampling in FNA material.
Pigment epithelium‐derived factor delays cellular senescence of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro by reducing oxidative stress
Authors: Cao Yukun , Yang Ting , Gu Chunhu , Yi Dinghua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that represent a promising approach in the field of regenerative medicine; however, this potential diminishes with senescence. Pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) gives some protection by reducing oxidative stress, which is known to accelerate cellular senescence. Thus we hypothesized that PEDF could delay senescence during MSC expansion by reducing oxidative stress. Proliferation and differentiation potentials, oxidative stress, senescence and p53/p16 expressions have been examined. In MSCs cultured under normoxic conditions treated with PEDF, proliferative lifespan in vitro was significantly increased compared with control group not given PEDF, with ∼10 additional population doublings (PD) occurring before terminal growth arrest. Most of the MSCs cultured under normoxic conditions ceased to proliferate after 20–28 PD, while few senescent cells were found in the hypoxic, PEDF‐hypoxic and PEDF‐normoxic cultures; this was associated with downregulation of p53 and p16 expression and decreased oxidative stress. PEDF also preserved differentiation potentials of MSCs compared with the control group. Thus PEDF suppression of oxidative stress delays cellular senescence and allows greater expansion of MSCs.
Mutation of Hof1 PEST motif phosphorylation sites leads to retention of Hof1 at the bud neck and a decrease in the rate of myosin contraction
Authors: Stockstill Katherine E. , Park Jungeun , Wille Rachel , Bay Grace , Joseph Avery , Shannon Katie B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRegulation of actomyosin ring contraction is important for the coordination of cytokinesis with mitosis. Hof1, a member of the Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) family of proteins, is required for efficient cytokinesis in budding yeast. Phosphorylation of Hof1 depends on the mitotic exit network (MEN), and its degradation at the end of mitosis depends on its PEST motif and interaction with the E3 ligase Grr1. To test the hypothesis that targeted destruction of Hof1 temporally couples mitotic exit with contraction of the actomyosin ring, we mutated the Hof1 PEST motif to prevent phosphorylation and subsequent degradation. These mutations increased the amount of Hof1 at the bud neck during cytokinesis, resulted in smaller bud neck diameter, and slowed the rate of myosin contraction. However, Hof1 PEST motif phosphorylation site mutants did not have cytokinesis defects, indicating that regulation of Hof1 levels does not control the onset of actomyosin ring contraction as predicted.
Enhanced maintenance of rat islets of Langerhans on laminin‐coated electrospun nanofibrillar matrix in vitro
Authors: Sojoodi Mozhdeh , Farrokhi Ali , Moradmand Azadeh , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the extracellular matrix (ECM) effect on pancreatic β cells is critical to optimise the derivation of functional β cells for transplantation and understand mechanisms that control islet neogenesis and glucose homeostasis. We assessed the effect of natural ECMs [collagen I, collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin (FN)] on rat islets of Langerhans' morphology, adhesion, viability, functionality and islet specific genes expression after 7 days in vitro culture. However, we could not detect a significant difference on the other parameters in these ECMs and islets interaction. To examine islets interactions, we used a synthetic three‐dimensional surface composed of electrospun polyamide nanofibres. Laminin‐coated nanofibrillar surfaces, but not laminin or nanosurface alone, induced comparable expression of the Ins1 and Ins2 genes in adult β cells. Using a glucose challenge test, a marked response of insulin secretion by islets occurred that were cultured on laminin‐coated nanofibrillar surfaces. We contend that the reestablishment of cellular interactions by the combination of nanomaterials and natural ECMs can be useful in maintaining in vitro islet functions.
Repeated versus single transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Miryounesi Maryam , Piryaei Abbas , Pournasr Behshad , Aghdami Nasser , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDespite its numerous limitations, liver transplants are the only definite cure for end‐stage liver disease. Various stem cell populations may contribute to liver regeneration, of which there is accumulating evidence of the contribution of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study examines the hypothesis that repeated infusions of human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (hBM‐MSCs) can improve liver injury in an experimental model. MSCs were intravenously transplanted into immunosuppressed mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis. Transplanting 3 × 106 MSCs in three divided doses improved survival, liver fibrosis and necrosis compared with injection of the same number of MSCs in a single dose. This was accompanied by increased influence on the expression of the fibrogenic/fibrolytic related genes Col1a1, Timp1 and Mmp13 in the repeated transplant group. Repeat administration of MSCs was three times more effective in homing of PKH‐tagged transplanted cells 3 weeks post‐transplant compared with the single transplant group. The benefits of repeated transplants may be of considerable significance in clinical trials on liver failure.
PAMAM dendrimer roles in gene delivery methods and stem cell research
Authors: Daneshvar Nasibeh , Abdullah Rasedee , Shamsabadi Fatemeh T. , How Chee Wun , MH M. Aizat , Mehrbod Parvaneh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNanotechnology has provided new technological opportunities, which could help in challenges confronting stem cell research. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, a new class of macromolecular polymers with high molecular uniformity, narrow molecular distribution specific size and shape and highly functionalised terminal surface have been extensively explored for biomedical application. PAMAM dendrimers are also nanospherical, hyperbranched and monodispersive molecules exhibiting exclusive properties which make them potential carriers for drug and gene delivery.
Atomic force microscopy of chronic lymphatic leukaemia cells activation induced by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Dong Shisong , Wang Qiulan , Sun Shaoyang , Liang Yuanwei , Jiang Jinhuan , Liu Li , Hu Anbin , Cai Jiye 
Published: August 2013

AbstractActivation of lymphatic cells is associated with changes in morphology, ultrastructure and adhesion force. We have investigated the activation efficiency of Staphylococcus aureus (SAC) on B‐cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (B‐CLL) cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and found changes in the above properties. Cell viability and proliferation were measured using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AFM clearly showed that the volume and nuclear–cytoplasm ratio of cells increased significantly with activated time. It also showed that pseudopodia and immunological synapses began to appear at 24 h. In the activation process, nano‐structures of the cell surface became aggregated, and adhesion increased. In conclusion, the results indicate a close relationship between membrane reconstruction and multiplication process of B‐CLL cells.
A novel regulation of PSMA and PSA expression by Q640X AR in 22Rv1 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ben Jemaa Awatef , Sallami Sataa , Céraline Jocelyn , Oueslati Ridha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the expression of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) transcripts in androgen‐dependent (LNCaP) and androgen‐independent (22Rv1) prostate cancer cell lines. We also enquired whether Q640X CTE‐truncated androgen receptor (AR) has an impact on transcription of mRNA for PSMA and PSA in transfected androgen‐sensitive prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Wild type LNCaP, 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells, prostate stromal cells (PrSC) and LNCaP cells transfected with p‐Q640X AR, p‐WT AR or p‐C3 empty plasmids were studied. The expression of PSMA and PSA were detected by real‐time PCR after transfection for 4 and 7 days. Expression of mRNAs for PSA was sixfold greater than PSMA in wild type LNCaP cells. In contrast, the wild type androgen refractory 22Rv1 cell line reacted almost exactly the opposite way reverse to LNCaP cells, since the transcription of mRNA for PSMA almost twofold greater than PSA. Non‐transfected human PrSC responded similarly to PSMA mRNA and PSA mRNA was not detected in these cells. Q640X AR transfected LNCaP cells downregulated the expression of PSMA and PSA genes after 7 days. Our results demonstrate that Q640X mutated AR may have an important regulatory role in mediating the PSMA and PSA genes expression during the progression of prostate cancer from androgen‐dependence to androgen‐independence. Understanding their functional properties and mechanisms by which ARs involved in regulation of PSMA and PSA expression will allow the identification of new target therapies for the treatment of hormone‐resistant prostate cancer.
Attenuation of Smad2 activity shows resistance to TGF‐β signalling in mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) cells
Authors: Sengupta Suman , Kundu Subhadip , Bhattacharyya Arindam 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a potent inhibitor of the growth of normal mammary epithelial cells, and has a pleiotropic, context‐dependent, concentration‐dependent action. We found attenuation of TGF‐β signalling in mammary adenoma carcinoma cells. Phosphorylation at the linker site of Smad2 occurred in a cooperative way during the attenuation of TGF‐β signalling, and was associated with upregulation of CDK2 and cyclin D1. CDK2 inhibitor restored the anti‐proliferative effect of TGF‐β by upregulating p21, with inhibition of linker phosphorylation of Smad2. CDK2‐mediated linker phosphorylation of Smad2 may be a plausible mechanism for the attenuation of TGF‐β signalling in breast cancer.
microRNAs regulate adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Chen Lin , Song Jinlin , Cui Junhui , Hou Jia , Zheng Xiaohui , Li Cai , Liu Lei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe number of adipocytes is relevant to the extent of differentiation from pluripotent stem cells into pre‐adipocytes, whereas the size of adipocytes relates to the extent of differentiation from pre‐adipocytes into mature fat cells and the accumulation of triglyceride. Investigation of the molecular regulatory mechanism of adipocyte differentiation is not only essential for understanding the physiological processes of adipogenesis, but it is also important for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for some metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. microRNAs (miRNAs) appear to play important roles in adipocyte differentiation. During adipogenesis, miRNAs can accelerate or inhibit adipocyte differentiation by acting on transcription factors, regulating signalling pathways related to adipogenesis, or blocking the mitotic clonal expansion stage, thus regulating adipocyte development. The regulatory role of some miRNAs varies in different species or different cells. In this review, the biological characteristics of miRNA and the adipocyte differentiation process are concisely discussed. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of miRNAs in adipocytes development or adipogenesis are discussed.
Role of adipose‐derived stem cells in enhancing angiogenesis early after aspirated fat transplantation: induction or differentiation?
Authors: Yuan Yi , Gao Jianhua , Liu Linqi , Lu Feng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAutologous fat tissue has been used as a potential filler for soft‐tissue defects, despite unpredictable clinical outcomes and low graft survival. Co‐transplantation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) is an alternative therapeutic approach to effectively enhance the survival and quality of transplanted fat tissue by increasing neovascularization. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which ASCs exerted their angiogenic effects remain obscure. ASCs can secrete several angiogenic growth factors, for example vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Hypoxic conditions may promote the proliferation of ASCs and their secretion. However, the differentiation of ASCs into endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes and smooth muscular cells in vivo has not been confirmed. The role of ASCs early after aspirated fat transplantation may be to induce new vessels from the recipient region to grow around and into the graft by releasing significant amounts of angiogenic growth factors rather than to differentiate into ECs, pericytes or smooth muscular cells forming new vessels, an effect that might be enhanced by hypoxia.
MiR‐34c oligonucleotide enhances chemosensitivity of Ishikawa cell to cisplatin by inducing apoptosis
Authors: Jiang Ling , Meng Wei , Zeng Jun , Hu Haiyan , Lu Lin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractExpression of miR‐34c is significantly reduced in human endometrial cancer cells and miR‐34c regulates multiple genes associated with cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness. Thus, miR‐34c can theoretically become a target that enhances chemotherapy. Upregulation of miR‐34c to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of cisplatin (DDP) has not been studied in human endometrial cancer cells before. In an in vitro study, the human endometrial cancer cell line, Ishikawa, was treated with DDP and miR‐34c mimics, alone or in combination. IC50 values were dramatically decreased in cells treated with miR‐34c mimics when combined with DDP, to a greater extent than those treated with DDP alone. Furthermore, miR‐34c mimics significantly enhanced apoptosis in Ishikawa cells by inhibiting IL‐6R expression. Therefore, a combination of miR‐34c mimics and DDP could be an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling Ishikawa cell proliferation.
Induced autologous stem cell transplantation for treatment of rabbit type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hu Mei‐Jun , Ruan Guang‐Ping , Yao Xiang , Ruan Guang‐Hong , Wang Jin‐Xiang , Pang Rong‐Qing , Cai Xue‐Min , Zhu Xiang‐Qing , He Jie , Pan Xing‐Hua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have examined the effects of induced autologous stem cells on blood sugar levels in a rabbit model of type 1 diabetes. Rabbit skin fibroblasts were induced to dedifferentiate into multipotent stem cells, and were transplanted into the treatment group via the pancreatic artery. After the fibroblasts had been induced for 72 h, some of them became multipotent stem cells. Four weeks after cell transplantation, blood glucose levels of the induced stem cell treatment group were significantly lower. The plasma insulin and plasma C‐peptide levels of the treated group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The shape and number of islets was different. In the control group, induced cell treatment group and non‐induced cell treatment group. In the control group, islet β‐cell nucleoli were obvious, and cell volumes were larger with more abundant cytoplasm. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was well‐developed and a large number of secretory granules could be seen within the cytoplasm. In the induced cell treatment group, islet β cells were scattered, and their nuclei were oval and slightly irregular in shape. The cytoplasm of these cells contained a nearly normal number of secretory granules. In the non‐induced cell treatment group, islet β‐cells were atrophied and cell volumes were reduced. Cytoplasmic endocrine granules were significantly reduced or absent. In conclusion, treatment with induced multipotent stem cells can reduce blood sugar levels, improve islet cell function, and repair damaged pancreas in a rabbit model of type 1 diabetes.
Enhanced activity of lysosomal proteases in activated rat hepatic stellate cells is associated with a concomitant increase in the number of the mannose‐6‐phosphate/insulin‐like growth factor II receptor
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Ali , Fønhus Marita Sporstøl , Kindberg Grete Mørk , Tolleshaug Helge , Berg Trond 
Published: August 2013

AbstractActivated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role during hepatic tissue repair through their influence on extracellular matrix remodelling. We have determined whether the activity levels of cathepsin B and D are affected by in vitro activation of rat HSCs, and whether the enzymes were released from the cells. Furthermore, given the important role of the mannose‐6‐phosphate/insulin‐like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF‐IIR) in the intracellular transport of lysosomal enzymes, we have examined whether changes in the activity of these proteases were associated with parallel changes in the level of the M6P/IGF‐IIR. The activity of cathepsin B and D increased ∼4 times between 2 and 8 days of HSC culture. This result was supported by analysing mRNA expression by RT‐PCR. The cells released the enzymes into the culture medium, amounting to ∼10% of the cell‐associated activity over 24 h. The release of enzymes was not affected by reducing medium pH from 7.4 to 6.2, indicating that the enzymes were transported to the medium independently of the M6P/IGF‐II‐R. The released cathepsin B was mostly in the inactive proenzyme form. HSC activation led to a particularly large increase in M6P/IGF‐IIR expression. A large proportion of the receptors was located on the cell surface and was found to be very suitable for measuring endocytosis of 125I‐IGF‐II. The results show that the endocytic activity increased in parallel with the increase in surface receptors and activity of lysosomal enzymes. Degradation of the ligand was reduced by inhibitors of lysosomal proteases and therefore took place in lysosomes.
Elongated cell morphology and uniaxial mechanical stretch contribute to physical attributes of niche environment for MSC tenogenic differentiation
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Deng Dan , Li Jie , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSpecific lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, is the major subject of MSC‐based musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, an ideal induction regime for MSC tenogenic differentiation is less explored. While induced differentiation of MSCs using chemical signalling, such as growth factors, has been the mainstream methodology in the past decades, recent studies show that a physical signal is one of the major attributes that composes in vivo niches of MSCs, and is a potent factor in determining MSC fate in several in vitro models; for example, control of cell shape with surface topography can drive MSCs towards a specific lineage differentiation. Mechanical signals also play important roles in the differentiation of MSCs towards certain lineages. Tendon is a connective tissue which is subjected to dynamic uniaxial mechanical stretch by physical activity. Additionally, tenocytes have a unique elongated cell morphology and are aligned in parallel with collagen fibres. We thus would hypothesize that both enforced elongated cell morphology and uniaxial mechanical stretch signal contribute to the major physical niche attributes of tenocytes' in vivo microenvironment, and mimicking these physical signals may be sufficient to induce tenogenic differentiation of MSCs.
Identification and analysis of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta1 interactome
Authors: Gao Xuejuan , Wang Jian‐Ying , Gao Ling‐Mei , Yin Xing‐Feng , Liu Langxia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK3β) was initially identified as a key protein in glucose metabolism. GSK3β might be involved in cell growth, motility and apoptosis. Systematic identification of GSK3β‐associated proteins is crucial for the exhaustive understanding of its functions. Using GST pull‐down experiment and LCMS/MS analysis coupled to bioinformatics tools, we have identified 114 proteins that interacted with GSK3β1 in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Most of the identified proteins are implicated in metabolic process, whereas other proteins are important for cell proliferation or migration, and have been associated with cancer development and metastasis. Several representative proteins, such as hnRNPK, PCNA, Ezrin and STAT1, have been confirmed to interact with GSK‐3β1 by co‐immunoprecipitation in HepG2 cells. Further studies of these interactions may discover the precise roles and the underlying mechanisms of GSK‐3β1 in tumour growth and metastasis.