bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Synthetic Strategy Leading to Two‐Carbon‐Tethered Fused Acridine/Indole Pairs and Fused Acridine Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Xue , Li Meng‐Yuan , Wu Qiong , Ye Qin , Xu Hai‐Wei , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMore than thirty title compounds of type (III) are easily synthesized by reaction of indolinediones (I) or (IV) with enaminones (II) under microwave irradiation within 30 minutes.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Switching of Multicomponent Heterocyclizations of 5‐Amino‐N‐arylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides, 1,3‐Cyclohexanediones, and Aldehydes.
Authors: Chebanov Valentin A. , Saraev Vyacheslav E. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Musatov Vladimir I. , Desenko Sergey M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThese reactions give the tricyclic compounds (IV) and (V) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Controlled C—C and C—N Bond Formation of Heteroaromatics Through C(sp3)—H Activation.
Authors: Xia Ran , Niu Hong‐Ying , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: March 2013

AbstracttBu‐O‐O‐tBu‐mediated treatment of purines with alkanes provides a new and highly regioselective approach to C‐8 alkylated purines.
ChemInform Abstract: Zizimauritic Acids A—C, Three Novel Nortriterpenes from Ziziphus mauritiana.
Authors: Ji Chang‐Jiu , Zeng Guang‐Zhi , Han Jing , He Wen‐Jun , Zhang Yu‐Mei , Tan Ning‐Hua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThree novel nortriterpenes (I)—(III) with a unique A‐nor‐E‐seco spiro‐lactone ceanothane‐type triterpene skeleton are isolated from the roots of Ziziphus mauritiana together with three known triterpenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Assisted Intramolecular Aminohydroxylation of N‐Alkenylsulfonamides under Heavy Metal Free Conditions.
Authors: Moriyama Katsuhiko , Izumisawa Yuta , Togo Hideo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reaction allows a simple and environmentally friendly access to prolinol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: New Disaccharide Blocks for OSW‐1 and Its Analogues.
Authors: Khasanova L. S. , Gimalova F. A. , Valiullina Z. R. , Selezneva N. K. , Ganieva R. M. , Spirikhin L. V. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDisaccharide (I) as building block for synthesis of title antitumor cholestane glycoside and analogues such as (II) are synthesized with a view to use them in the preparation of OSW‐1 analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation through C—H Activation: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Antofine, (.+‐.)‐Septicine, (.+‐.)‐Tylophorine, and Rosettacin.
Authors: Xu Xianxiu , Liu Yu , Park Cheol‐Min 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe mild, efficient, and practical intramolecular rhodium‐catalyzed C—H/N—H bond functionalization reaction provides isoquinolones with a reverse regioselectivity compared to the reported intermolecular version.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Properties of Novel Tetracyclic Nucleoside Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase.
Authors: Di Francesco M. Emilia , Avolio Salvatore , Dessole Gabriella , Koch Uwe , Pompei Marco , Pucci Vincenzo , Rowley Michael , Summa Vincenzo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of 2′‐C‐methyl‐ribose nucleoside derivatives bearing a 7‐aryl and 7‐hetaryl substituted 7‐deaza‐adenine nucleobase is discovered.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Iridoid Compounds from Swertia cincta Burkill
Authors: Yang Jin , Huang Feiyan , Zhou Yongfu , Liu Wei , Yi Ping , Li Ganpeng 
Published: March 2013

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of three new iridoid compounds, swercinctolides A (Ia), B (Ib), and C (II) showing TMV inhibitory activity
Monoclonal B lymphocytosis versus chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Factors affecting implementation of an absolute threshold
Authors: Rollins‐Raval Marian A. , Fisher Jason , Craig Fiona E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:Laboratories utilize diverse methods to determine the absolute count used to distinguish chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from monoclonal B lymphocytosis, with many using dual platform (DP) methods (flow cytometric percent of CLL‐like B cells × hematology analyzer white blood cell count). However, flow cytometric tube‐to‐tube variation may make interpretation difficult, particularly when the CLL‐like B‐cell count straddles the recommended threshold. This study investigates the extent, and potential sources, of this variability.Methods:Flow cytometric enumeration was performed on 20 samples with CLL‐like B cells and 10 control specimens using single platform (SP) and two DP tubes A: kappa, lambda, CD5, CD10, CD19, CD38, CD45, CD20 and B: FMC‐7, CD23, CD19, CD5, with and without racking to remove doublets. In addition, reproducibility studies were performed.Results:Three specimens showed discordant CLL‐like B‐cell counts relative to the threshold of 5 × 109/L. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a systematic bias with DP Tube B > A (5.9%) and SP > DP Tube A (9.5%). The doublet percent varied between specimens, but did not account for the bias between DP tubes. Variation was also seen in enumeration of other cell types, suggesting multiple potential sources of inconsistency.Conclusions:Significant tube‐to‐tube variation may be seen in CLL‐like B‐cell counts. The precise cause of these differences is uncertain, but is likely multifactorial. If the clinical utility of an absolute threshold for the diagnosis of CLL can be confirmed, it will be important to establish recommendations for standardization, similar to those employed for CD4 and CD34 enumeration. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Significant changes in the composition of the precursor B‐cell compartment in children less than 2 years old
Authors: Piątosa Barbara , Birbach Mariusz , Siewiera Katarzyna , Ussowicz Marek , Kałwak Krzysztof , Drabko Katarzyna , Rękawek Aneta , Tkaczyk Katarzyna , Kurowski Przemysław Norbert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground: Defects in early B lymphocyte maturation in bone marrow (BM) compose a characteristic feature of many primary immune deficiencies associated with agammaglobulinemia. To date, only limited data on the composition of the precursor B‐cell compartment in BM is available. The aim of this study was to define normal age‐related ranges of total B‐cell content and distribution of precursor B—cell stages in BM for the future use in clinical diagnostics.Methods: Four color flow cytometry was used to analyze the composition of the B‐cell compartment in specimens from 59 hematologically healthy children, aged 14 days to 16 years, assigned to six age groups: neonates less than 1 month old, infants >1–12 months old, children >1–2 years old, >2–5 years old, >5–10 years old, and older than 10 years.Results: Analysis of the composition of the B‐cell compartment revealed significant age‐related variation in the distribution of individual B‐cell maturation stages, most seriously affecting children during first 2 years of life, with the shift from domination of the earliest stages, to gradually increasing content of mature B‐cells. Significantly higher proportions of pro‐B lymphocytes were observed in neonates than in any other age group.Conclusion: Physiological age‐related variation in the precursor B‐cell compartment composition affects most seriously very young children below the age of 2 years. Proper interpretation of immunophenotyping results performed in cases of suspected early B‐cell differentiation defect requires application of adequate reference data. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Mixed phenotypic acute leukemia with two immunophenotypically distinct blast populations: Report of an unusual case
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , George Seena , Tewari Apoorvi , Mehta Anurag 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare disorder with an incidence of less than 2% of all acute leukemia using the recent 2008 WHO criteria. Common subtypes encountered are the B/myeloid and T/myeloid; B/T or trilineage MPAL being an exception. We discuss here a case of 20‐year‐male patient who presented with pallor and generalised lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood smear examination showed presence of 61% blasts of lymphoid morphology. Immunophenotyping by multicolor flow cytometry showed two distinct populations of blasts with T and B phenotype respectively. He was diagnosed as MPAL with two distinct blast lineages. Conventional karyotyping done on bone marrow sample showed t(9;22)(q34;q11)(Ph +). Induction was started using ALL based protocol. The patient is on follow up with post induction marrow being in morphological remission. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Counterion Affects Interaction with Interfaces: The Antidiabetic Drugs Metformin and Decavanadate
Authors: Chatkon Aungkana , Chatterjee Pabitra B. , Sedgwick Myles A. , Haller Kenneth J. , Crans Debbie C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA material that contains metformium cation and decavanadate anion was synthesized and characterized. The material is not soluble in water but slightly soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and very soluble in the inhomogeneous environment of sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles, which deviates significantly from the properties of sodium decavanadate. By considering the fact that decavanadate is reported to have insulin‐enhancing activity in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats (Pereira et al., J. Inorg. Biochem. 2009, 103, 1687–1692), how this oxometalate interacts with interfaces was investigated using NMR and IR spectroscopy. By using 51V NMR spectroscopy, we found only small differences between the metformium and Na+ decavanadate materials. However, by using IR spectroscopy, the decavanadate–metformin material was found to affect the water pool and water organization near the interface of the reverse micelles differently. The solubility differences and these spectroscopic studies demonstrate that the counterion to the decavanadate anion significantly affects the properties of decavanadate, even in the presence of a large excess amount of Na+ (counterions to AOT), and the implications of this work on cellular uptake is discussed.
Inorganic Chemistry in a Nanoreactor: Doped ZnO Nanostructures by Miniemulsion
Authors: Dolcet Paolo , Latini Francesca , Casarin Maurizio , Speghini Adolfo , Tondello Eugenio , Foss Cristina , Diodati Stefano , Verin Lucia , Motta Antonella , Gross Silvia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDoped M:ZnO nanoparticles (Zn/M = 50:1 or 20:1; M = AgI, CoII, CuII, EuIII, MgII, MnII) have been produced by an easy, reproducible, and fast inverse miniemulsion approach, enabling the co‐precipitation of the nanocrystalline oxide in a confined space. Unexpectedly, the formation of crystalline materials took place at room temperature. Suspensions were characterized by dynamic light scattering and UV/Vis spectroscopy, whereas precipitated powders were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The particles obtained showed preferential growth along the [0002] direction with a size of 70 nm, whereas along the other directions average sizes of between 26 and 33 nm were determined. The analyses confirmed successful doping in all cases but one: In fact, the Ag‐doped sample is a nanocomposite consisting of metallic silver clusters dispersed in the ZnO matrix. Red emission from the ZnO:Eu sample was evidenced upon excitation at around 465 nm.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Analogues of Polyhydroxypyrrolidines
Authors: Khangarot Rama K. , Kaliappan Krishna P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIncorporation of fluorine atoms into organic molecules significantly enhances many of their properties, such as solubility, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. Among organofluorine molecules, trifluoromethylated compounds play a unique and important role in agricultural and medicinal chemistry. An efficient strategy for the synthesis of a variety of trifluoromethylated polyhydroxypyrrolidines is described. This strategy involves a diastereoselective nucleophilic addition reaciton of trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane to sugar‐derived cyclic nitrones followed by reductive N–O bond cleavage and removal of benzyl groups.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Post‐Ugi Hydroarylation: An Approach to Pyrrolopyridines and Azepinoindoles
Authors: Kumar Amit , Vachhani Dipak D. , Modha Sachin G. , Sharma Sunil K. , Parmar Virinder S. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA diversity‐oriented approach comprising a Ugi four‐component reaction and gold(I)‐catalyzed hydroarylation under very mild reaction conditions has been elaborated. This gives direct access to the synthesis of biologically important heterocycles such as pyrrolopyridines, pyridoindoles, and azepinoindoles in very good yields. The influence of the nucleophilicity of the heterocycle and the mode of ring closure are discussed.
Association between skin flap thickness and Frey's syndrome in parotid surgery
Authors: Durgut Osman , Basut Oguz , Demir Uygar Levent , Özmen Ömer A. , Kasapoglu Fikret , Coskun Hakan 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundFrey's Syndrome is a frequent complication of parotid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between skin flap thickness and Frey's Syndrome in patients who underwent superficial parotidectomy.MethodsThirty adult patients were randomized into 2 groups: subcutaneous and subsuperficial musculoaponeurotic (sub‐SMAS) skin elevation. In both groups skin flap thickness was measured by a micrometer at defined points. The patients were queried for subjective Frey's Syndrome and Minor's test was performed for objective Frey's Syndrome.ResultsThe thickness of skin flap in the subcutaneous group was significantly less than that in the sub‐SMAS group. There was no statistical significance between skin flap thickness and objective Frey's Syndrome, although the dimension of the colored area in the subcutaneous group was larger compared with that of the sub‐SMAS group: 7.5 cm2 (0–48 cm2) and 0.5 cm2 (0–18 cm2), respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, sub‐SMAS elevation of the skin flap in parotid surgery provides better results regarding Frey's Syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1781–1786, 2013
Psychiatric outpatients' self‐reported adherence versus psychiatrists' impressions on adherence in affective disorders
Authors: De las Cuevas Carlos , Peñate Wenceslao , Sanz Emilio J. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore correlation between patients' self‐reported adherence to medication and their treating psychiatrists' impressions on adherence.MethodsDuring a 9‐month period, 140 consecutive psychiatric outpatients with affective disorders attending two community mental health centers, and their treating psychiatrists, took part. Data were collected on socio‐demographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables. The Clinical Global Impression‐Severity and Improvement scales and the Beck Depression Inventory were used for clinical assessment. Adherence was assessed by the psychiatrist's report and the Morisky scale from patients. In addition, “Drug Attitude Inventory,” “Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire,” and “Leeds Attitude towards concordance scale” were applied to all participants. A multivariate analysis of variance (Bonferroni control) and a subsequent stepwise regression were performed.ResultsThe allocation of patients to “adherent” or “non‐adherent” categories by the patients themselves and their treating psychiatrists was divergent in more than 40% of the cases. The best agreement appears when treatment is prolonged. There is a better agreement with patients having a positive view of the medicines. When patients consider the medication harmful, this is when psychiatrists perceive more non‐adherence. The agreement is also better in mild cases of depression.ConclusionsAdherence was principally compromised by patient‐related factors, especially their beliefs and attitudes toward their treatment and its duration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regime theories in gravel‐bed rivers: models, controlling variables, and applications in disturbed Italian rivers
Authors: Kaless G. , Mao L. , Lenzi M. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDownstream hydraulic geometry relationships describe the shape of alluvial channels in terms of bankfull width, flow depth, flow velocity, and channel slope. Recent investigations have stressed the difference in spatial scales associated with these variables and thus the time span required for their adjustment after a disturbance. The aim of this study is to explore the consequences in regime models considering the hypothesis that while channel width and depth adjust quickly to changes in water and sediment supply, reach slope requires a longer time span. Three theoretical models were applied. One model incorporates an extremal hypothesis (Millar RG. 2005. Theoretical regime equations for mobile gravel‐bed rivers with stable banks. Geomorphology 64: 207–220), and the other two are fully physically based (Ikeda S, Parker G, Kimura Y. 1988. Stable width and depth of straight gravel rivers with heterogeneous bed materials. Water Resources Research 24: 713–722; Parker G, Wilcock PR, Paola C, Dietrich W, Pitlick J. 2007. Physical basis for quasi universal relations describing bankfull hydraulic geometry of single‐thread gravel‐bed rivers. Journal of Geophysical Research 112, DOI: 10.1029/2006JF000549). In order to evaluate the performance of models introducing the slope as an independent variable, we propose two modifications to previous models.The performance of regime models was tested against published data from 142 river reaches and new hydraulic geometry data from gravel‐bed rivers in Patagonia (Argentina) and north‐eastern Italy.Models that assume slope as a control (Ikeda et al., 1988; or Millar, 2005) predict channel depth and width reasonably well. Parker et al.'s (2007) model improved predictions because it filters the scatter in slope data with a relation slope–discharge. The extremal hypothesis model of Millar (2005) predicts comparably to the other physically based models.Millar's model was chosen to describe the recent changes in the Piave and Brenta rivers due to human intervention – mainly in‐channel gravel mining. The change in sediment supply and recovery was estimated for these rivers. This study supports the interpretation that sediment supply is the key factor guiding morphological changes in these rivers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cavaliere M. Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:A Primer of Human Behavioral Pharmacology Alan PolingBasic and Clinical Pharmacology B. G. KatzungChemically Induced Birth Defects James L. SchardenClinical Pharmacology in the Elderly Edited by Cameron G. SwiftLife‐threatening Arrhythmias During Ischemia and Infarction Edited by David J. Hearse et alEthics and Regulation of Clinical Research Robert J. Levine
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cavaliere M. Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Mild Hypertension: From Drug Trials to Practice Edited by T. Strasser and D. GantenThe Role of Pharmacology in Pediatric Oncology Edited by D. G. Poplack, L. Maseimo, and P. Cornaglia‐FerrarisThe Cytoskeleton: A Target for Toxic Agents Edited by T. W. Clarkson, P. R. Sager, and T. L. M. SyversonAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Therapeutic, Psychological and Research Aspects Edited by V. Cosi, A. C. Kato, W. Parletti
Development of a Computer‐Based Instructional System in Pharmacokinetics: Efficacy in Clinical Pharmacology Teaching for Senior Medical Students
Authors: Feldman R. D. , Schoenwald R. , Kane Janet 
Published: March 2013

The teaching of pharmacokinetics is acknowledged to be a key aspect of the core curriculum in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, but is also widely acknowledged to be a very difficult part of the curriculum to teach. In order to assess the potential efficacy of interactive computer instruction in clinical pharmacokinetics we have developed a prototype computer‐based instructional package. The courseware contains a comprehensive learning system including tutorial, simulation, and problem solving components. To determine the efficacy of this approach we randomly assigned senior medical student volunteers enrolled in the fourth year clinical pharmacology and therapeutics course to receive conventional teaching in clinical pharmacokinetics and/or adjuctive teaching using the computer‐based instructional system.There was a high degree of acceptance of the program and over the short term of the trial those students using the computer program scored significantly higher [35%, P< 0.05] on the mid‐term pharmacokinetics quiz. The data suggests that a computerized instructional system in pharmacokinetics may significantly improve the teaching of clinical pharmacokinetics to medical students.
Saturable First‐Pass Kinetics of Propranolol
Authors: Keller Frieder , Kunzendorf Ulrich , Walz Gerd , Haller Hermann , Offermann Gerd 
Published: March 2013

Reduced bioavailability (F) due to hepatic first‐pass extraction of an oral dose (D) is a well‐known pharmacokinetic phenomenon. An integrated solution for Michaelis‐Menten kinetics of the first‐pass effect is derived from the maximal metabolic rate (Vm), volume of distribution (Vd), first order absorption rate constant (ka), Michaelis constant (Km), and liver blood flow (Q).This equation for single dosage can also be extended to steady state kinetics after multiple dosing in which the amount of a drug present in the hepatic circulation is considered. According to the literature, the bioavailability of a single 80 mg oral dose of propranolol (F = 0.22) increases after multiple doses (Fss = 0.36). Based on the first pass equations for single dosage and multiple dosing, the maximal metabolic rate (Vm = 0.043 mg l−1 h−1) corresponding to 310 mg per day and the Michaelis constant (Km = 0.10 mg/l) were calculated for propranolol. Incorporation of nonlinear plasma protein binding in this concept may explain the lack of threshold phenomenon for a single dose of less than 40 mg propranolol. Zero order absorption kinetics could explain why cumulation kinetics seem linear even at an excessive dosage of 960 mg propranolol per day.From these derivations it may be concluded that multiple dosing, increase in plasma protein binding, high absorption rate, and increased portal venous blood flow will increase bioavailability, whereas slow release formulations, fractional drug dosage, and saturable absorption kinetics will decrease bioavailability of first‐pass drugs like propranolol.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Maggio Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:New Perspectives in Anti‐Inflammatory Therapies (Advances in Inflammation Research, Volume 12) Edited by Alan Lewis, Neil Ackerman, and Ivan OtternessIntravenous Anesthesia and Analgesia Edited by Guenter Corssen, MD, J. G. Reves, MD, Theodore H. Stanley, MD