bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a new model of the human eye ‐ a holographic laser system, biophotonics. The holographic view
Authors: Manu M.D. , Plesu G. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe authors proposed to verify the eyes structure and function as laser system, position of the image on retina, and properties of bio‐luminescence (BL) of the eye, with help of multidisciplinary studies, biophotonic and bionic tests.MethodsMethods demonstrated that the eyes are laser bifocal systems, with nonlinear medium, through multidisciplinary studies up to date in medicine, biochemistry and physics, original biophotonic tests, delayed luminescence DL, self‐emission SE tests, and two original models of bionic eye.ResultsWe detected: errors of the photographic mechanism of human vision; other properties of human eye as holographic laser system, a laser bifocal system; the eye is initiating BL tract as laser phenomenon, due to internal source of light as phosphate ‐ water; a right position of the images on retina; the amplification of BL along nervous tract, from the eye till to bones and muscles; the BL sense of propagation is reverse nighttime, from brain‐retina‐cornea, show a right position too, as dream; BL properties are: monochromatic, coherent, directionality, rotary polarization, amplified power and information along the nervous system; every color has oscillation plans; nonlinear medium of the cells and organs apply Stokes and anti‐Stokes rule; so it was done the first step for psychic processes (vision, memory, thinking, speech) and bionics.ConclusionsThe eye is a bifocal laser system that initiates a biological laser phenomenon, BL, a coherent monochromatic, polarized and amplified radiation, and renders holograms in right position on retina, due to eye itself, not to brain. Important applications are in medicine, physics, teaching, bionics etc.
An unusual germ responsible for fungal keratitis: Metarrhizium Anisopliae
Authors: Zaidi M. , Bazard M.C. , Dorin J. , Machouart M. , Angioi K. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeFungal keratitis remain rare, and often have a poor visual prognosis. About 30% require a keratoplasty. Many fungal agents may be involved. We report the first case of Metarrhizium Anisopliae keratitis in Europe.MethodsA 39‐years old man complained about pain and redness in his right eye 15 days after having received earth on his face. His ophtalmologist diagnosed a corneal abscess and initiated a local treatment by Ciprofloxaxin. The patient was referred to our clinic 2 days later for worsening of local abscess. Visual acuity was limited to 2/10 RE and 10/10 LE. Slit‐lamp examination revealed diffuse conjunctival redness, and a 3‐mm diameter corneal abscess surrounded by diffuse corneal edema. After realization of a corneal scraping (which results happened to be negative), we introduced local antibiotherapy (Vancomycin‐Ceftazidim), associated with Amphotericin B and Hexamidin. Despite these treatments and the realization of a therapeutic ptosis for persistent ulcer, the abscess enlarged and a deep stromal infiltration developed. As we suspected a fungal etiology, systemic Voriconazole was added. Despite all these treatments the abscess worsened dramatically and a transfixiant keratoplasty was performed.ResultsMicrobiological analysis of the cornea revealed neither bacteria nor amoeba or viruses, but presence of a filamentous fungus secondary identified as Metarrhizium Anisopliae by molecular biology.ConclusionsMetarrhizium anisopliae is usually known as an entomopathogenic fungus. It was first described in human pathology 18 years ago and only 9 cases have been reported worldwide, including 4 cases of keratitis. Our patient is the first case of Metarrhizium Anisopliae keratitis described in Europe. This report also shows that transfixiant keratoplasty is often the only treatment that allows visual rehabilitation in such dramatic cases.
Evaluation of the influence of corneal biomechanical properties on the central corneal curvature after a SUPRACOR procedure
Authors: Delbarre M. , Rambaud C. , Berguiga M. , Sendon D. , Graber M. , Froussart‐Maille F. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeSUPRACOR™, performed with the Technolas Excimer Workstation 217P (Bausch + Lomb Technolas), creates a small zone of high refractive power in the central cornea, the « bump », to facilitate near focus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of corneal biomechanics on this « bump ».MethodsThis retrospective study included 46 eyes of 23 patients. The Supracor ablation pattern was applied, to create hyperprolate shape resulting about 2 D near addition. The periphery was treated with hyperopic ablation in a 6 mm zone, using 9.5 mm suction ring, under 120 µm flap created by the IntraLase FS60 femtosecond laser (AMP, USA). Every patient underwent a corneal topography (Pentacam, Oculus, Germany) before and 1 month after surgery to evaluate the importance of the “bump”, and a biomechanical evaluation with the Ocular Response Analyser (ORA, Reichert, NY). CH (Corneal Hysteresis) and CRF (Corneal Resistance Factor) were evaluated. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the parameters of the ORA and the « bump ».ResultsThe mean patient age was 55.5 ± 3.94, ranging from 50 to 62 years. Pre‐operative spherical equivalent were 1.57 ± 0.77 D. Mean corneal thickness was 548 ± 44 µm. CH and CRF were respectively 10.53 ± 1.63 mmHg and 10.90 ± 2.12 mmHg. Mean “bump” was 2.25 ± 0.98 D, ranging from 0.50 to 4.64 D. A correlation was found between the CH and the bump (r = 0.34; p = 0.022) and also between the pachymetry and the bump (r = 0.45; p = 0.004). A strong correlation was found between corneal thickness and the CH (r = 0.62; p = 0.001).ConclusionsIn this study, the “bump” is correlated with the corneal thickness and the CH. The corneal thickness appears to be sufficient to predict the “bump” in hyperopic patients undergoing Supracor. These results should be confirmed in a larger sample of patients.
Gender specific IOP measurement using induced corneal vibration analysis ‐ a multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Bitoun P. , Bouafia K. , Khoueir Z. , Haouchine B. , Hammoud S. , Chapelle P. , Chambard J.P. , Jourot P. , Lachkar Y. , Benzacken L. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeNovel non‐contact, non‐invasive Vibration Tonometry using analysis of induced corneal vibrations and their correlation to GAT IOP was tested in a large multicenter clinical trial.Methods470 eyes in 236 volunteers from various ethnic origins at Paris area hospital eye clinic and Glaucoma Institute were studied. History, vibration tonometry measurements in triplicate GAT, NIDEK air puff IOP, refractometry, keratometry and non‐contact pachymetry. Algorithm discovery was performed by random draw splitting runs into a discovery sample and a separate validation sample performed 10 times separately in men and womenResultsIn 236 patients, 34.6% of eyes had glaucoma, 51% of which women. 1311/1772 (76%) vibration tonometry measurements were in correct position. Population aged 20–92 yo with 48.7% females with mean of 62.1(± 13.5) in women and 62.5 (± 12.7) in men. CCT mean was 531.2 μ (± 37.3) in women and 534.8 μ (± 38.5) in men. 207 patients AL mean was 23.29 mm (± 1.68) in women and 23.73 mm (± 1.68) in men. GAT IOP ranged from 5.3 to 34 mm Hg, mean was 15.2 mm Hg (± 3.1) in women and 15.2 (± 3.52) in men ‐No significant differences. No adverse events during or post trial. Algorithm for women yielded 98.6% of IOP mean within 5 mm Hg of mean GAT IOP and 86% within 3 mm Hg. For men 96.4% of IOP mean was within 5 mm Hg of mean GAT IOP and 84.2% within 3 mm Hg from GAT IOP mean. Using the mean of 2 closest measures was used .ConclusionsCurrent algorithm shows no influence of CCT on IOP. Gender Specific algorithm concurrs with previous publications of different corneal hysteresis (lower) in women. Vibration tonometry is a valuable method for measurement of IOP without contact with precision and reproducibility independently of CCT. It may be a valuable tool for IOP measurement in thin and surgical corneas.
Relapsing Polychondritis and its Orbital Manifestations
Authors: Teo L. , Choo C.T. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe describe a 73 year old Chinese Gentleman with bilateral relapsing, remitting orbital inflammatory disease associated with Relapsing Polychondritis (RP).MethodsWe reviewed the current literature available on the diagnosis and management of orbital inflamamtory disease in RP.ResultsOur patient first presented with right orbital inflammation that did not improve despite antibiotic treatment. Computer tomography (CT) of the orbits showed a soft tissue mass along the roof of the orbit, which was biopsied, revealing acute on chronic inflammation. There was complete resolution of his orbital inflammation within 2 weeks of initiating systemic steroid treatment. He subsequently developed recurrent bouts of left orbital inflammation. One year later, he was diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis and subsequently developed multiple myeloma seven years later.ConclusionsIn summary, recurrent orbital inflammatory disease should prompt the Oculoplastics surgeon to exclude a systemic autoimmune disease and hematological malignancy. The course of orbital inflammation in RP can be relapsing and remitting. Co‐managementwith a rheumatologist will be helpful to achieve control of the disease with judicious use of immunosuppression. Long‐term follow‐up of the patient will be necessary to monitor for malignant transformation of the orbital lesion, as well as the development of hematologic malignancies.
Lack of correlation between calcium activity in perivascular cells and prostaglandin induced changes in the tone of porcine retinal arterioles in vitro
Authors: Kudryavtseva O. , Bek T. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeRecently, a population of perivascular cells (PVCs) was identified external to the vascular smooth muscle cells in retinal arterioles. However, it is unknown whether the pattern of Ca2+ activity in the PVCs can support the role of these cells in the regulation of tone in retinal arterioles. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to identify whether Ca2+ activity in PVCs correlated with contraction of porcine retinal arterioles induced by prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a)and relaxation of these vessels induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).MethodsPorcine retinal arterioles were mounted in a confocal myograph and loaded with the Ca2+‐sensitive fluorophore Oregon Green. Ca2+ activity in the PVCs was studied after pre‐constriction with U46619 (10–6 M) followed by relaxation induced by PGE2 (10–5 M), or constriction induced by PGF2a (10–5 M). Arteriolar tone and fluorescence from PVCs were recorded in the absence and in the presence of the Ca2+ channel blockers (ryanodine, nifedipine, LOE908, CPA and 2‐APB).ResultsPGE2 induced significant relaxation and PGF2a significant contraction of retinal arterioles in vitro, but the PVC Ca2+ responses were similar during the two interventions. The percentage of active PVCs and the number of Ca2+ waves were significantly reduced by CPA and 2‐APB for both prostaglandins, while the tone responses were unaffected.ConclusionsThe effects of PGE2 and PGF2a on the tone of retinal arterioles involve other cell types than PVCs or is active downstream of the PVC pathway, e.g. by a direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle cells.
Proton beam irradiation of choroidal hemangiomas after unsuccessful photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zografos L. , Schalenbourg A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo study the outcome of patients treated for a choroidal hemangioma with proton beam irradiation following unsuccessful PDT and compare the therapeutic results with that of a control group that received proton therapy as a primary treatment.MethodsProton beam irradiation was applied to twelve cases of choroidal hemangioma that had been unsuccessfully treated with PDT (N of sessions: 1–5). Their functional results were compared to those of a control group of 48 cases treated only with proton therapy. The latter were matched (4 to 1) for the duration of symptoms before primary treatment, extent of retinal detachment as well as distance to the macula.ResultsThe mean follow‐up following proton beam irradiation therapy was 28 months [range: 6 months‐5 years] in the PDT group and 41 months [range: 6 months‐10 years] in the control group. In all patients, the retinal detachment and macular edema disappeared following proton therapy. In the study group, final visual acuity was ≤0.1 in 25%, 0.2–0.5 in 25% and ≥0.6% in 50% of cases. Visual acuity improved in 50%, remained stable in 42% and decreased in 8% of cases. In the control group, final visual acuity was ≤0.1 in 4%, 0.2‐0.5 in 38% and ≥0.6 in 58% of cases. Visual acuity improved in 65%, remained stable in 29% and decreased in 6% of cases.ConclusionsProton beam irradiation is a valid therapeutic option after inconclusive results following PDT for choroidal hemangioma. Within the limits of this study, therapeutic results were slightly better for those patients that received proton therapy as a primary treatment.
Effects of optic's shape for contraction of anterior capsulorhexis
Authors: Mayumi N. , Hiroyuki M. , Tadashi S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeEvaluation of capsulorhexis contraction in two different shapes of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs).MethodsThe study was conducted on 69 eyes that had undergone cataract surgery. FY‐60AD (HOYA) or ZCB00V (AMO) were randomly selected and implanted after phacoemulsification. The FY‐60AD has usual shapes of optics; however, the ZCB00V has rim at peripheral of optics. Anterior retro illumination images were photographed using slit lamp and EAS1000 (NIDEK) at 1 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Capsulorhexis opening area were analyzed and the reduction ratios of capsulorhexis area were compared. After that, fibrosis in anterior capsule were also measured using area analysis software (Area Q, S‐Tech) after 3 months postoperatively.ResultsReduction rate of capsulorhexis opening area were 5.44 ± 10.15% (FY‐60AD) and 0.25 ± 2.36 μ (ZCB00V) after 6 months postoperatively. There were statistically significance (P < 0.01). The area of fibrosis in anterior capsule were 62.24 ± 21.32% (FY‐60AD) and 16.90 ± 8.34% (ZCB00V). There were statistically significance, too (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe ZCB00V prevent the contraction of capsulorhexis opening area. And the increase of fibrosis is also prevented at the same time. The shape of optics may be an important factor to prevent the contraction of capsulorhexis.
Treg‐based immunotherapy of non‐infectious uveitis (NIU)
Authors: Asnagli H. , Jacquin M. , Belmonte N. , Gertner‐Dardenne J. , Hubert M.F. , Sales A. , Foussat A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeCol‐Treg is a T‐cell immunotherapy composed of autologous type‐1 regulatory T (Treg) cells specific for collagen‐II. Col‐Treg are tested in NIU mice as collagen‐II is present in the eye, allowing the triggering of their activity in situ. NIU is one of the most common cause of blindness in the developed world.MethodsCol‐Treg cells are produced from blood of healthy volunteers or splenocytes of mice transgenic for collagen‐II‐specific TCR. Cells are characterized for marker expression using FACS and for in‐vitro immuno‐modulatory function. NIU model was induced by IRPB immunization. In‐vivo efficacy was evaluated with ophthalmoscopy histology, pro‐inflammatory cytokines analysis. In‐vivo tracking was performed using a Col‐Treg TCR specific quantitative PCR.ResultsCol‐Treg secrete IL10, IL13 and express GITR, CD39 and Granzyme B, molecules involved in the control of inflammation. Col‐Treg hydrolyse ATP, kill myeloid cells and inhibit T effector cell IL17 and IFNg secretion. Intravenous administration of Col‐Treg inhibited ocular inflammation in NUI mice with reduction of cellular infiltrates, IL1β, IL6, TNFα. In‐vivo‐tracking demonstrated a tropism of Col‐Treg for inflammatory eyes. In‐vivo GLP toxicity study in healthy mice did not revealed Col‐Treg related adverse events. Characterization of human Col‐Treg GMP batches demonstrated comparability with mouse Col‐Treg for marker expression and in vitro function.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate the safety and efficacy of Col‐Treg administration for the treatment of NIU in mice, suggesting that Col‐Treg could be used as a therapeutic tool for patients with non‐infectious uveitis refractory to approved medications.
3D model of pterygium and corneal limbus: Investigating histopathology and stem cell distribution
Authors: Blom N. , Andreasen A. , Heegaard S. , Hjortdal J. , Nielsen K. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThis study aims to create a complete histological 3D computer model of pterygium in situ, mapping the anatomy of the disease tissue, its relation to the corneal limbus and the distribution of limbal stem cells.MethodsOne human eye affected with pterygium was obtained from a cornea donor post mortem. The anterior part of the eye was cut into 900 consecutive horizontal sections. Every other section was stained with HE to be digitized, aligned and 3D reconstructed using interactive 3D visualization software. Immunohistochemistry targeting CK19, MMP‐1, p63 and VEGF was performed on the remaining sections alternating across the structure so as to create evenly distributed overlaying models.ResultsUsing the sections a high‐resolution model of the pterygium and limbus was created, and in aligning the immunostained sections to the model, a spatial map of the staining was created.Analyzsing the model we found a mostly normal temporal limbus with intact architecture, however nasally the limbus was found to be buried under the pterygial mass and only partly intact, showing a number of pathological changes.ConclusionsThe limbal degeneration underneath the pterygium appears to be a precondition for or a consequence of the pterygial growth.
Bioluminescence – Biological Laser Phenomenon initiated by eye. Biophotonic tests
Authors: Manu M.D. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe study of the characteristics of bio‐luminescence (BL) in eyes, optic nerves, brain, spinal cord, muscles, bones, phosphate, water.MethodsMultidisciplinary studies, biophotonic and electronic tests performed at the International Institute of Biophysics Neuss, on biological samples Onchorynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), with photo‐multiplier PMS1 and PMS2. The samples optical axis is oriented parallel, obliquely, 90°C and 180°C angels to optical stimulus.ResultsBL transmission is present all biological systems studied; energy values are the maximum when the optical axis BL of the sample is parallel to the direction of the external stimuli; appear an optical amplification from the eye to the brain ‐bones and muscles, and two optical paths cross over the nervous system.ConclusionsIn your eyes, like in bifocal and confocal laser system, any color simultaneously reach from one pole to another. The sense of BL is from outside to inside daytime,and reverses direction nighttime.The presence of the laser active substance LAS (phosphate, water, liquid crystals) in cells, allows stimulation and the propagation of light, step by step, as thermodynamic cycles, but reduce the light speed. By overlapping the ocular optical axis over the object axis, begins conversion non‐coherent light into coherent light In the cornea, when on the surface of the cornea appears a geometric place of coherent points, that dispersed light in color components, rotary polarization and separation dextro, levo‐gyrate radiation.The BL amplification on the route of the nervous system is produced by interference (ventre) as digital optical pulses and by adding visible and caloric energy. BL energy is ultra‐weak but has large effects due to energy transformation of each stimulus, as four secondary effects: biochemical; electrical; magnetic; optic (holographic, laser heat).
Anatomic and functional follow‐up of foveal microstructures after macula‐off retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Deschasse C. , Kauffmann Y. , Frérot M. , Chiquet C. , Berrod J. , Le Mer Y. , Arndt C. , Tadayoni R. , Korobelnik J.F. , Weber M. , Gaucher D. , Delbosc B. , Bron A.M. , Creuzot C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo describe the course of functional and anatomical damage after successful repair of macula‐off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study including patients with successful surgery for macula‐off RRD between October 2011 and April 2014. Patients with pre‐existing macular diseases or with surgery failures were excluded. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic exam at baseline and at one, three and six months after the surgery (M1, M3, M6), with an assessment of the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 4 m using the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart, and with Spectral‐Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD‐OCT) macular imaging.ResultsOne hundred and three eyes of 103 patients from ten French centers, with a 63‐years median age (IQR: [58; 69]), were included. The median BCVA increased significantly from 63 [46; 73] letters at M1 to 73 [62; 80]) at M6, p < 0.01). SD‐OCT morphologic lesions in the outer retina significantly improved between M1 and M6: irregular hyporeflectivity of the photoreceptor outer segments (76.7% vs 61.5%, p < 0.01) and disruption of the inner/outer segment junction line (51.5% vs 26.2%, p < 0.01). The rate of epiretinal membrane did not significantly increase between M1 and M6 (9.7% vs 20.4%, p < 0.67).ConclusionsThese preliminary results of the study “DécOllement de REtine: Fonction et Anatomie (DOREFA)” show a slow recovery of the external retinal layers after a successful RRD surgery. These observations seem to be parallel to the progressive recovery of the visual function after the intervention. A better knowledge of functional and anatomical kinetics after macula‐off RRD constitutes a preliminary step to the study of factors influencing the visual prognosis.
Prevalence of age‐related macular diseases in an old French population (the MONTRACHET Study)
Authors: De lazzer A. , Dossarps D. , Gabrielle P.H. , Pallot C. , Daniel S. , Binquet C. , Tzourio C. , Bron A.M. , Creuzot C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo describe the prevalence of age‐related macular diseases in a French population‐based study (the Montrachet study) older than 74 years.MethodsThe Three City study (3C) was a prospective study including 9294 patients aged of 65 years or more from three French cities (Dijon, Bordeaux, and Montpellier) at enrolment in 1999. After 10 years of follow‐up, an eye examination was proposed to participants of the 3C cohort in Dijon and 1153 participants were included in the so‐called Montrachet study. All patients underwent a complete eye examination including nonmydriatic color retinal photographs. The photographs were classified according to the type of abnormality (intermediate soft drusen, large soft distinct or indistinct drusen, reticular drusen or large area of soft drusen reaching 500 µm in diameter, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation), and their location (central or pericentral) using the classification of the Multi‐ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and that used in the Rotterdam Study. Patients were then classified into 3 categories: early age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), late AMD (atrophic or neovascular).ResultsData were available for 1069 patients: 396 men (37.0%) and 673 women (63.0%). The mean age was 82.2 ± 3.8 years. The prevalence of healthy subjects was 56.0%. Stages 1, 2 and 3 accounted for 32.6%, 7.7% and 1.5%, respectively. The late AMD stages represented 2.2% (24 patients). Smoking was not significantly associated with AMD categories.ConclusionsThe prevalence of AMD grading in our population is consistent with the literature. The classification of participants according to different macular abnormalities may predict the populations at risk of developing an advanced grade and can help to adapt the management. The relationship with other risk factors will be the next step of this analysis.