bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced performance of amine and thiol chemically modified graphene oxide for effective removal of Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution
Authors: Bakry Ayyob M. , Alamier Waleed M. , Abdallah A. B. , El-Reash Yasmeen G. Abou , El-Shall M. Samy , Awad Fathi S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study describes a novel adsorbent with a multidentate ligand that was facilely fabricated by covalently bonding 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole on graphene oxide (AHMT-PRGO). The AHMT-PRGO nano-adsorbent was used for the effective removal of Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI) from wastewater. The AHMT-PRGO nano-adsorbent was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between GO acyl chloride and AHMT chelating ligand in the presence of tetrabutyl-ammonium bromide as a catalyst. The successful modifications were confirmed via several spectroscopic and electron microscopy instrumentations including UV–Vis, FTIR, Raman, XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM. The maximum adsorption capacities of Hg(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) on the AHMT-PRGO nano-adsorbent were 370.0, 136.2, and 109.6 mg/g, respectively, exceeding those of most previously reported adsorbents. Additionally, the equilibrium contact times for Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI) were 60, 30, and 400 min, respectively. In a mixture of nine heavy metal ions containing 250 ppm of each ion, the AHMT-PRGO nano-adsorbent exhibited high selectivity for Hg(II) ions. Furthermore, the AHMT-PRGO nano-adsorbent showed high stability over five adsorption–desorption cycles. Additionally, the AHMT-PRGO nano-adsorbent was successfully applied to remove heavy metal ions from real water samples. The novelty of AHMT-PRGO lies in the combination of a multidentate ligand for strong and selective binding with the high surface area and stability offered by covalently bonded graphene oxide. This combination offers potential advantages over traditional adsorbents in terms of adsorption capacity, selectivity, and reusability.
A 90-meter Split Hopkinson Tension–Torsion Bar: Design, Construction and First Tests
Authors: Sasso M. , Mancini E. , Chiappini G. , Utzeri M. , Amodio D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article describes the design, construction, and first experimental results of a 90 m-long Hopkinson bar which can perform high strain rate tests in a combined tension–torsion state. The system configuration is analogous to the classic Hopkinson bar technique, consisting of three bars: a pre-stressed bar, an input bar, and an output bar; the sample is placed between the input and output bar. The measurement is also based on the classical three-wave method, where the incident, transmitted and reflected waves are measured. Incident compression and torsional waves are simultaneously generated by the failure of a fragile element that connects the pre-stressed bar to electromechanical actuators; the indirect Hopkinson tension bar technique is exploited, where the compression wave reaches the end of the output bar without stressing the sample and is reflected as a tensile input wave. The length of the bars is designed so that the tensile wave reaches the sample from the output bar side at the same time as the torsion wave comes from the input bar. Void tests were carried out first, for preliminary analysis of the system behaviour. Then, successful tests have been conducted on samples made of AA7075 T6, both in combined and pure tension–torsion states; it has been possible to measure the tension–torsion stress–strain curves, from which the equivalent flow stress–strain curve has been evaluated and compared to the quasi-static ones.
Regional Climate Change and Drought Dynamics in Tunceli, Turkey: Insights from Drought Indices
Authors: Korkmaz Meral , Kuriqi Alban 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal warming and climate change are causing temperatures to rise, which is having a negative impact on water resources. Climate change is a worldwide problem that affects and will continue to affect the frequency and intensity of natural disasters in many regions of the world. Tunceli region in Turkey, which until 10 years ago was known as an environmentally friendly city with abundant water resources and frequent rainfall, is experiencing a decrease in precipitation during the snowy winter season. This situation has made the investigation of climate change impacts an important issue in the region. Therefore, effective climate change adaptation strategies need to be developed. To determine these strategies, in this study, we assessed long-term drought conditions using multiple drought indices such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Normal Precipitation Index (PNI), and Aridity Index (AI). The SPI and RDI analyses were performed in annual reference periods on a time scale of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using temperature, precipitation, and evaporation data. Consequently, the SPI and RDI results were compared, and both indices show similar behavior in dry, wet, and normal seasons. Nevertheless, RDI shows less variation between different time scales, which is an advantage over SPI and is probably due to the inclusion of potential evapotranspiration in RDI. The variations in PNI between humid and dry sub-humid categorizations throughout the years, combined with the AI results, indicate that the Tunceli region predominantly experiences a climate ranging from dry sub-humid to semi-arid. This study could help decision-makers take effective measures to become more resilient to climate change in temperate climate regions and take important steps toward sustainable water resources management.
Holistic Approaches in Endometriosis - as an Effective Method of Supporting Traditional Treatment: A Systematic Search and Narrative Review
Authors: Mazur-Bialy Agnieszka , Tim Sabina , Pępek Anna , Skotniczna Kamila , Naprawa Gabriela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEndometriosis is one of the gynecological diseases where women suffer from pain, quality of life decreased. The aim of this review was to describe the most common non-medical methods used in the treatment of symptoms associated with endometriosis and to determine their effectiveness. The review was performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Randomized controlled trials, case studies, observational studies, retrospective studies, prospective studies, pilot studies, trails, publications in English or Polish were searched based on the Participant-Intervention-Comparator-Outcomes-Study design (PICOS) format. The criteria used to select studies were: women with endometriosis, no cancer, included any physiotherapeutic or non-medical intervention. 3706 articles were found, however only 26 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Quality of the studies was assessed by Risk of Bias 2 tool and ROBINS-1 tool. The most holistic approach used in the treatment of symptoms of endometriosis include physical therapy, manual therapy, electrophysical agents acupuncture, diet and psychological interventions. Most research has focused on relieving pain and increasing quality of life. Non-medical methods showed reduction of symptoms of endometriosis. Physical activity, manual therapy, electrophysical agents, acupuncture, diet and cognitive behavioral therapy showed no negative side effects and reduced pain, what improved the quality of life and reduced the perceived stress.
Examining potential health gains arising from reduced risk consumption in South Africa via the PRIME model
Authors: Koch Steven F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for over 30% of disability-adjusted life years in South Africa. In this research, we offer an estimate of the potential reduction in NCD incidence that would arise from an improvement in diet, combined with a reduction in both tobacco and alcohol consumption.

Methods
We apply the PRIME model, which simulates the effect of risk reduction on NCD incidence. The model inputs baseline data related to the population, risky consumption behaviour and NCD incidence. The model allows for counterfactual scenarios altering the risky consumption behaviour to yield revised NCD incidence.

Results
We find that reducing salt, tobacco and alcohol, along with improved fruit, vegetable and fiber consumption would yield a 10% reduction in NCDs from the 2018 baseline. NCD incidence reductions arise primarily from ischemic heart disease (49%), cerebrovascular diseases (33%) and bronchus and lung disease (11%).

Conclusion
South Africa’s NCD incidence is high because of relatively poor behavioural choices, despite plans and policies aimed at changing this. South Africa should increase their efforts to reach NCD goals. If the government is able to reduce harmful behaviour, with respect to a number of the underlying consumption choices, NCD incidence is expected to fall precipitously.
Assessing the adaptability and resilience of cowpea and maize varieties to various climatic zones of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Tioté Lassana , Bonny Béket Séverin , Neya Bouma James , Koffi Kouamé Kevin , Bi Irié Arsène Zoro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cultivation of cowpea and maize is common, but it is carried out without a prior selection of varieties that can effectively adapt to the specific climatic conditions of the zones. This study aimed at assessing cowpea and maize varieties in different ecological zones in order to identify the resilient varieties with respect to zone. The experiments were conducted in three different climatic and vegetation zones of Côte d’Ivoire: tropical rainforest zone, forest-savannah mosaic, and sub-Sudanian savannah in South, Centre-West, and North Côte d’Ivoire, respectively. In each zone, a randomized complete block design was used. Four varieties of both cowpea and maize were used. The analysis of variance was realized using grain yield data to compare varieties and climatic zones. The best varieties obtained differed according to the zones. Thus, in the tropical rain forest zone, the cowpea variety KVX780-6 and maize variety Violet de Katiola were the most yielding, with 593.30 kg ha−1 and 1270.84 kg ha−1, respectively. In forest-savannah mosaic, the cowpea variety KVX745-11P and maize variety SR21 obtained the highest yields, with 761.82 kg ha−1 and 2212.99 kg ha−1, respectively. The cowpea variety Tiligre and maize variety SR21 were the most productive in the sub-Sudanian savannah zone, with yields of 327.31 kg ha−1 and 1797.3 kg ha−1, respectively. Overall, the highest yield of cowpea (513.20 kg ha−1) and maize (1757.13 kg ha−1) were observed in forest-savannah mosaic. The best cowpea and maize varieties identified in each zone can be recommended to farmers.
A scoping review on bolstering concussion knowledge in medical education
Authors: Husain Aisha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Concussions are a public health concern. Underdiagnosis and mismanagement negatively impact patients, risking in persistent symptoms and permanent disability.

Objective
This scoping review consolidates the heterogeneous and inconsistent concussion research and identifies key areas for medical education curriculum design to focus on for effective knowledge acquisition and bolstering competency in family physician residency. We analyze the literature on concussion education spanning various healthcare disciplines in North America.

Methods
PRISMA-Sc was followed and MEDLINE and EMBASE Classic + EMBASE in the OvidSP search platform were used to find terms for brain concussion AND medical education OR specific education until 2021.

Results
There are significant knowledge gaps about concussions, increased clinical exposure is required for competency which bolster physical examination skills and streamlined concussion guidelines are required for family medicine specialists that filter undifferentiated symptoms25% of participants improved adherence to concussion guidelines after an educational intervention and knowledge increased after concussion workshop and clinics.

Conclusions
Multifaceted teaching improves concussion diagnosis and management. More research is needed to examine concussion competency and, more importantly, whether these interventions improve patient outcomes.
A perspective on boron-based multiple resonance narrowband emitters and devices
Authors: Du Mingxu , Zhou Jianping , Luo Xiaofeng , Duan Lian , Zhang Dongdong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBoron-based multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) emitters have shown great promises for applications in high-definition displays. This class of heteroatom-doped nanographene materials typically show very narrow-band emission, small singlet–triplet split (ΔEST) values, high Photoluminescence quantum yield, quality chemical and thermal stabilities. Undoubtedly, boron-based MR-TADF emitters hold a leading position in satisfying the wide-color gamut standard of BT. 2020 (The International Telecommunication Union announced a new color gamut standard of broadcast service television for ultra-high-definition TV in 2012). Thus, the development of novel boron-based MR-TADF emitters attracted a great deal of attention from both academia and industry. Here, a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in boron-based MR-TADF emitters is presented, therein, rational strategies for molecular designs, as well as the consequent optical behavior and efficiency and lifetime improvement in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) devices are discussed. Finally, the challenges as well as some future research directions to unlock the full potential of this fascinating class of materials are provided.
The evolution of China’s opening-up policy and the measurement of the opening-up level of major coastal cities
Authors: Xing Wenxiu , Lv Bojun , Liu Tao , Jiang Linqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBy analyzing the evolution of China’s opening-up policy after the reform and opening up, we revealed the spatial layout and opening-up goals of different stages, as well as the leading position of coastal cities in China’s reform and opening up. On this basis, a comprehensive index evaluation method was used to construct indicators in the fields of economy, society, science and technology, and policy to measure the opening-up level of 22 major coastal cities in China from 2008 to 2020. The results showed that since 2008, the overall opening-up level of all 22 major coastal cities has generally shown a fluctuating upward trend, hugely contributing to improving the overall level of China’s opening-up. Among them, Shanghai is located in the first echelon of opening-up, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Tianjin are in the second echelon, Ningbo, Qingdao, Xiamen, Dalian, Fuzhou, and Zhuhai are in the third echelon, and other research cities are in the fourth echelon. The opening-up level of China’s major coastal cities has characteristics in the four fields of economy, society, science and technology, and policy. In addition to the overall downward trend of the economic opening-up due to domestic economic structural adjustment and international conditions, the opening level in society, science and technology, and policy has steadily advanced. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated a significant heterogeneity in the opening level among different coastal regions and cities within different regions.
Advances in 3D pre-training and downstream tasks: a survey
Authors: Hou Yuenan , Huang Xiaoshui , Tang Shixiang , He Tong , Ouyang Wanli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a signifcant breakthrough in the 3D domain. To track the most recent advances in the 3D field, in this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances in the 3D feld, which encompasses a wide collection of topics, including diverse pre-training strategies, backbone designs and downstream tasks. Compared to the previous literature review on point cloud, our survey is more comprehensive. Our survey consists of the 3D pre-training methods, various downstream tasks, popular benchmarks, evaluation metrics as well as several promising future directions. We hope the survey can serve as the cornerstone for both academia and industry.
Observations and Numerical Simulations of the Effects of the Gamma Ray Burst 221009A on the Lower Ionosphere
Authors: Kerrache F. , Ammar A. , Ikhlef R. , NaitAmor S. , Bouyahiaoui Z. , Daiffallah K. , M. Shehata SH. , Shimeis A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of a powerful gamma ray burst (GRB) that occurred on 9 October 2022, on the Earth's environment using a very low frequency receiver (VLF) to probe the lower ionospheric region (the D region). In addition to the VLF data analysis, we employ numerical simulation through the Long Wavelength Propagation Capability code (LWPC) to derive the increase in the D− region electron density. Our results revealed discernible perturbations in amplitude and phase across all transmitter paths (NAA, DHO, ICV, and NSC) to the Algiers receiver persisting for 40 min. At the maximum of the signal perturbation, the LWPC simulation results showed a decrease in the mean new reference height h′ from 74 to 65.71 km, along with an increase in the sharpness factor β from 0.3 to 0.4875 km−1. Under these new conditions, the electron density increased from its ambient value (216.10 cm−3) to 33.7 103 cm−3.
Mean Summer Land Temperatures in the Southern California Coastal Zone: Connections With Ocean Processes
Authors: Hale M. L. , Merrifield M. A. , Clemesha R. E. S. , Gershunov A. , Guirguis K. , Benmarhnia T. , Dorman C. , Iacobellis S. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cooling effect of the ocean on the Southern California coastal zone is investigated using a high‐resolution (4‐km) gridded surface meteorological data set (gridMET) of daily maximum temperature (Tmax), with focus on summer mean conditions, taken as the July–August–September (JAS) average. An empirical orthogonal function analysis reveals a coastal mode of JAS temperature covariability, distinct from a more energetic inland mode, that captures Tmax averaged across the Southern California coastal plain. The coastal mode temperature correlates significantly with, and has similar amplitude to, regional sea surface temperature (SST). High (low) summer land and sea surface temperatures, as well as inversion layer temperature differences, are associated with decreases (increases) of northerly coastal wind speeds and coastal cloudiness. The number of extreme heat days on land increases as regional SST increases (4.3 days °C−1), with heat wave days 10 times more likely during peak warm versus cool coastal mode years. The coastal zone was notably warmer and heat wave days peaked during the well documented marine heat wave events of 2014/15 and 2018 off Southern California. The marine variability associated with the coastal mode also has strong expression off the Baja California peninsula, presumably due to strong covarying winds in that area. As in previous studies, higher ocean temperatures are attributed to weaker summer winds, with associated reductions in ocean surface heat loss, coastal upwelling, and cloudiness.
Propagation Effects of Slanted Narrow Bipolar Events: A Rebounding‐Wave Model Study
Authors: Li Dongshuai , Luque Alejandro , Rachidi Farhad , Rubinstein Marcos , Neubert Torsten , Zhu Yanan , Chanrion Olivier , da Silva Caitano , Krehbiel Paul R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNarrow bipolar events (NBEs) are impulsive and powerful intracloud discharges. Recent observations indicate that some NBEs exhibit a slanted orientation rather than strictly vertical. This paper investigates the effect of the slanted NBEs using a newly developed rebounding‐wave model. The modeling results are validated against the full‐wave Finite‐ Difference Time‐Domain method and compared with measurements for both vertical and slanted NBE cases. It is found that the inclination of the NBEs affects both the waveforms and amplitudes of the electrostatic, induction and radiation components of the electric fields at close distances (≤10 km). However, it primarily influences the amplitudes of the fields for distances beyond 50 km, where the radiation component dominates, resulting in changes of ≥30% when the slant angle exceeds 30°. The slanted rebounding‐wave model improves the agreement with respect to a purely vertical channel and can be extended to any discharge geometry at arbitrary observation distances.
Multiphase Buffering by Ammonia Sustains Sulfate Production in Atmospheric Aerosols
Authors: Zheng Guangjie , Su Hang , Andreae Meinrat O. , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultiphase oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important source of sulfate in the atmosphere. There are, however, concerns that protons produced during SO2 oxidation may cause rapid acidification of aerosol water and thereby quickly shut down the fast reactions favored at high pH. Here, we show that the sustainability of sulfate production is controlled by the competing effects of multiphase buffering and acidification, which can be well described by a characteristic buffering time, τbuff. Both GEOS‐Chem simulations and observations show that globally, τbuff is long enough (days) to sustain sulfate production over most populated regions, where the acidification of aerosol water is counteracted by the strong buffering effect of NH4+/NH3. Our results highlight the importance of anthropogenic ammonia emissions and pervasive human influences in shaping the chemical environment of the atmosphere.
ICESat‐2 Onboard Flight Receiver Algorithms: On‐Orbit Parameter Updates the Impact on Science Driven Observations
Authors: Magruder Lori , Reese Ann Rackley , Gibbons Aimée , Dietrich James , Neumann Tom 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ICESat‐2 (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite‐2) photon‐counting laser altimeter technology required the design and development of very sophisticated onboard algorithms to collect, store and downlink the observations. These algorithms utilize both software and hardware solutions for meeting data volume requirements and optimizing the science achievable via ICESat‐2 measurements. Careful planning and dedicated development were accomplished during the pre‐launch phase of the mission in preparation for the 2018 launch. Once on‐orbit all of the systems and subsystems were evaluated for performance, including the receiver algorithms, to ensure compliance with mission standards and satisfy the mission science objectives. As the mission has progressed and the instrument performance and data volumes were better understood, there have been several opportunities to enhance ICESat‐2's contributions to Earth observation science initiated by NASA and the ICESat‐2 science community. We highlight multiple updates to the flight receiver algorithms, the onboard software for signal processing, that have extended ICESat‐2's data capabilities and allowed for advanced science applications beyond the original mission objectives.
Evidence for Glaciovolcanic, Phreatomagmatic Tuff Dominated Ridges at Pavonis Mons, Mars
Authors: Scanlon Kathleen E. , Garry W. Brent , Head James W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHiRISE images and digital elevation models (DEMs) of outcrops in candidate Martian glaciovolcanoes provide more detailed evidence for glaciovolcanic processes than has previously been available for Mars. A group of ridges in the Pavonis Mons fan‐shaped glacial deposit features pervasive layering, evidence for local collapse and slumping, and steeper faces in the direction of paleoglacier flow inferred from other features in the deposit. After comparison with terrestrial analogs, we conclude that these ridges are excellent candidates for tephra‐dominated tindar, formed in phreatomagmatic subglacial eruptions. The englacial meltwater lakes required for a phreatomagmatic origin represent a rare example of voluminous surface water bodies in the Late Amazonian of Mars.