bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOTE ON A DYNAMICAL GENERALISATION OF THE PRIME NUMBER THEOREM FOR ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
Authors: WANG BIAO 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bergelson and Richter [‘Dynamical generalizations of the prime number theorem and disjointness of additive and multiplicative semigroup actions’, Duke Math. J.171(15) (2022), 3133–3200] established a new dynamical generalisation of the prime number theorem (PNT) and the PNT for arithmetic progressions. Let

$h\ge 1, k\ge 2$

. Mirsky [‘Note on an asymptotic formula connected with r-free integers’, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser.18 (1947), 178–182] showed that the numbers n such that

$n+l_1,\ldots , n+l_h$

are k-free have a natural density for any given nonnegative integers

$l_1,\ldots , l_h$

. In this note, we show that the Bergelson–Richter theorem holds for the numbers studied by Mirsky.
Crystal structure of etrasimod, C26H26F3NO3
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Dosen Anja , Blanton Thomas N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The crystal structure of etrasimod has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Etrasimod crystallizes in space group P1 (#1) with a = 10.6131(5), b = 10.7003(5), c = 11.1219(8) Å, α = 72.756(2), β = 76.947(2), γ = 77.340(1)°, V = 1159.28(6) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure contains O▬H⋯O hydrogen-bonded etrasimod dimers, which lie in layers approximately parallel to the (2,0,−1) plane. The amino group of each molecule forms an intramolecular N▬H⋯O hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group of the adjacent carboxylic acid group. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Crystal structure of diroximel fumarate, C11H13NO6
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Dosen Anja , Blanton Thomas N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The crystal structure of diroximel fumarate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Diroximel fumarate crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 6.12496(15), b = 8.16516(18), c = 12.7375(6) Å, α = 85.8174(21), β = 81.1434(12), γ = 71.1303(3)°, V = 595.414(23) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of interleaved double layers of hook-shaped molecules parallel to the ab-plane. The side chains form the inner portion of the layers, and the rings comprise the outer surfaces. There are no classical hydrogen bonds in the structure, but 9 C▬H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystal energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
ChatGPT as an inventor: eliciting the strengths and weaknesses of current large language models against humans in engineering design
Authors: Ege Daniel N. , Øvrebø Henrik H. , Stubberud Vegar , Berg Martin F. , Elverum Christer , Steinert Martin , Vestad Håvard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study compares the design practices and performance of ChatGPT 4.0, a large language model (LLM), against graduate engineering students in a 48-h prototyping hackathon, based on a dataset comprising more than 100 prototypes. The LLM participated by instructing two participants who executed its instructions and provided objective feedback, generated ideas autonomously and made all design decisions without human intervention. The LLM exhibited similar prototyping practices to human participants and finished second among six teams, successfully designing and providing building instructions for functional prototypes. The LLM’s concept generation capabilities were particularly strong. However, the LLM prematurely abandoned promising concepts when facing minor difficulties, added unnecessary complexity to designs, and experienced design fixation. Communication between the LLM and participants was challenging due to vague or unclear descriptions, and the LLM had difficulty maintaining continuity and relevance in answers. Based on these findings, six recommendations for implementing an LLM like ChatGPT in the design process are proposed, including leveraging it for ideation, ensuring human oversight for key decisions, implementing iterative feedback loops, prompting it to consider alternatives, and assigning specific and manageable tasks at a subsystem level.
Illicit trafficking in cultural property as a human rights issue: Sovereignty over cultural resources and the right to self-determination. Case study of Iraq
Authors: Koush Alesia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adopting a human rights-based approach, this paper scrutinizes the treatment of illicit trafficking in cultural property as a human rights issue. The study focuses on the Iraqi contribution to the international agenda, revealing that Iraq co-sponsored at least 13 UN resolutions on the restitution of illegally expropriated cultural property, actively contributing to the negotiation of others, along with submitting its legal opinions on the drafts of relevant international documents, starting from as early as 1936 to culminate with the calls to stop cultural plunder feeding Western markets since the 1990s. Centering the Iraqi voices and adopting a critical decolonial rights-based perspective, the study showcases how illicit trade in cultural property clearly emerges as a violation of a state’s permanent sovereignty over its wealth and resources, negatively impacting its ability to guarantee the right to pursue economic, social, and cultural development for its people, as well as to freely dispose of their resources, the key components of the right to self-determination.
Mini-invasive surgical approach for hybrid pulmonary valve implantation: an option for very high-risk patients
Authors: Castaldi Biagio , Tarzia Vincenzo , Tarantini Giuseppe , Sirico Domenico , Mancuso Daniela , Pradegan Nicola , Di Salvo Giovanni , Gerosa Gino 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement is the first choice to treat residual or recurrent right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction. Surgery is an effective option when anatomy is not permissive for transcatheter procedures. When surgical risk is too high, hybrid procedures might be considered.
In this paper, we describe the first use of Harmony valve in Europe in a 59 years old patient with a huge right ventricular outflow tract. The procedure was performed by a hybrid approach: before valve deployment, through an anterior mini-thoracotomy, the pulmonary artery was plicated to create a landing zone. The valve was deployed by trans-femoral venous approach. It was secured by putting a suture on the distal stent raw under fluoroscopic guidance. The procedure was uneventful and patient’s New York Heart Association class rapidly improved from III–IV to II.
In conclusion, hybrid strategies might represent an acceptable option for huge right ventricular outflow tract, to be less invasive and to minimise device embolisation risks. When a good match between patient’s anatomy and device can be achieved, a mini-invasive or micro-invasive surgical approach might be considered to minimise bleeding risks and shorten the hospital’s length of stay.
Arterial thromboembolism, antithrombotic therapy, and risk of recurrent thromboembolism in children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Do Nhue L. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Witt Daniel M. , Ignjatovic Vera , Giglia Therese M. , Woods Gary M. , Whitworth Hilary B. , Stock Arabela C. , Goldenberg Neil A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Data on arterial thromboembolism in children undergoing cardiac surgery are limited. We sought to characterise, and estimate rates of, incident and recurrent arterial thromboembolism, and describe antithrombotic therapies for treatment in a large multinational population of children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods:
We queried the TriNetX global electronic health record (derived real-world data research platform) from 2017 to 2024 for patients less than 18 years of age and an index arterial thromboembolism within 1 year of congenital cardiac surgery. Data were descriptively analysed.

Results:
Of 20,102 children who underwent an index cardiac surgery for CHD, 206 (1.1%) developed an index arterial thromboembolism within 1 year of surgery: 111 (53.9%) had only arterial thromboembolism and 95 (46.1%) had concomitant venous thromboembolism. The most common anatomic site for arterial thromboembolism was the lower extremity (n = 141, 68.4%), and the most common surgery was the Glenn procedure (n = 35, 17%). Unfractionated heparin was utilised in 136 (67 %) and aspirin in 91 (44.2%) patients. Recurrent thromboembolism occurred in 36 (17.5%) patients within 1 year of the index thromboembolism.

Conclusions:
Among children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery, arterial thromboembolism was rare (1% of patients), but the 1-year risk of recurrent thromboembolism was high, at 17.5%. Multicentre prospective cohort studies are warranted to further evaluate risk factors for recurrent thromboembolism, to facilitate future risk-stratified interventional trials designed to reduce the high thromboembolism recurrence risk in these children.
A Kantian Account of Moral Trust
Authors: Israel Eli Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, I propose a Kantian framework for moral trust – trust in another person to only act with us in morally permissible ways. First, I derive an understanding of trustworthiness from Kant’s second formulation of the Categorical Imperative. I argue that trustworthiness embodies a moral imperative, guiding us to act in ways that are reliable and recognizable as conducive to engaging in trusting relations. However, this alone is not enough, as it does not provide a means to assess whether someone is truly committed to the moral law and thus morally trustworthy. Therefore, in the second part, I explore a basis for assessing their moral conduct found in a local version of the Kingdom of Ends: given an ideal or archetype of a morally perfect interpersonal relationship, an archetype of the morally trustworthy agent allows us to comparatively assess the moral disposition of fellow agents.
Differential associations between birthweight and cardiometabolic characteristics among persons with and without type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hansen Aleksander L. , Lee Christina Ji-Young , Björgvinsdóttir Aldis H. , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Brøns Charlotte , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Vaag Allan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that differential associations between birthweight and clinical characteristics in persons with and without type 2 diabetes may provide novel insights into the role of birthweight in type 2 diabetes and its progression. We analysed UK Biobank data from 9,442 persons with and 254,446 without type 2 diabetes. Associations between birthweight, clinical traits, and genetic predisposition were assessed using adjusted linear and logistic regression, comparing the lowest and highest 25% of birthweight to the middle 50%. Each kg increase in birthweight was associated with higher BMI, waist, and hip circumference, with stronger effects in persons with versus without type 2 diabetes (BMI: 0.74 [0.58, 0.90] vs. 0.21 [0.18, 0.24] kg/m2; waist: 2.15 [1.78, 2.52] vs. 1.04 [0.98, 1.09] cm; hip: 1.65 [1.33, 1.97] vs. 1.04 [1.04, 1.09] cm). Family history of diabetes was associated with higher birthweight regardless of diabetes status, albeit with a twofold higher effect estimate in type 2 diabetes. Low birthweight was further associated with prior myocardial infarction regardless of type 2 diabetes status (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.11, 1.60] for type 2 diabetes; 1.23 [95% CI 1.13, 1.33] without), and hypertension (OR 1.25 [1.23, 1.28] and stroke 1.24 [1.14, 1.34]) only among persons without type 2 diabetes. Differential associations between birthweight and cardiometabolic traits in persons with and without type 2 diabetes illuminate potential causal inferences reflecting the roles of pre- and postnatal environmental versus genetic aetiologies and disease mechanisms.
S100A2 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor metastasis through regulating GLUT2 expression
Authors: Deng Mengli , Liao Shaoxia , Deng Jingwen , Li Chen , Liu Lu , Han Qizheng , Huo Yifeng , Zhou Xiao , Teng Xiaodong , Lai Maode , Zhang Honghe , Lai Chong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant subtype of renal cancer and is highly malignant. Despite advances in diagnostics and treatment, the prognosis for ccRCC remains poor. The dual nature (promotion or inhibition) of S100A2 in different cancer types shows the complex involvement of its tumorigenesis, but its effect in ccRCC remains unclear. In this study, we first elucidate the tumor-promoting function of S100A2 in ccRCC by reprogramming glycolysis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that S100A2 accelerates cancer progression through its interaction with the transcription factor HNF1A, leading to activating GLUT2 transcription. The upregulation of GLUT2 significantly enhances glucose uptake by cancer cells, thereby fueling augmented glucose metabolism and fostering the malignant progression of ccRCC. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of the S100A2-HNF1A-GLUT2 axis in promoting migration and invasion of ccRCC by amplifying glycolysis and suggest that targeting the S100A2-HNF1A-GLUT2 axis is clinically relevant for the treatment of metastatic ccRCC.
TCR catch bonds nonlinearly control CD8 cooperation to shape T cell specificity
Authors: Qin Rui , Zhang Yong , Shi Jiawei , Wu Peng , An Chenyi , Li Zhenhai , Liu Nuo , Wan Ziyan , Hua Ting , Li Xiaolong , Lou Jizhong , Yin Weiwei , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Naturally evolved T-cell receptors (TCRs) exhibit remarkably high specificity in discriminating non-self antigens from self-antigens under dynamic biomechanical modulation. In contrast, engineered high-affinity TCRs often lose this specificity, leading to cross-reactivity with self-antigens and off-target toxicity. The underlying mechanism for this difference remains unclear. Our study reveals that natural TCRs exploit mechanical force to form optimal catch bonds with their cognate antigens. This process relies on a mechanically flexible TCR–pMHC binding interface, which enables force-enhanced CD8 coreceptor binding to MHC-α1α2 domains through sequential conformational changes induced by force in both the MHC and CD8. Conversely, engineered high-affinity TCRs create rigid, tightly bound interfaces with cognate pMHCs of their parental TCRs. This rigidity prevents the force-induced conformational changes necessary for optimal catch-bond formation. Paradoxically, these high-affinity TCRs can form moderate catch bonds with non-stimulatory pMHCs of their parental TCRs, leading to off-target cross-reactivity and reduced specificity. We have also developed comprehensive force-dependent TCR–pMHC kinetics-function maps capable of distinguishing functional and non-functional TCR–pMHC pairs and identifying toxic, cross-reactive TCRs. These findings elucidate the mechano-chemical basis of the specificity of natural TCRs and highlight the critical role of CD8 in targeting cognate antigens. This work provides valuable insights for engineering TCRs with enhanced specificity and potency against non-self antigens, particularly for applications in cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease treatment, while minimizing the risk of self-antigen cross-reactivity.
Integrating fragment-based screening with targeted protein degradation and genetic rescue to explore eIF4E function
Authors: Sharp Swee Y. , Martella Marianna , D’Agostino Sabrina , Milton Christopher I. , Ward George , Woodhead Andrew J. , Richardson Caroline J. , Carr Maria G. , Chiarparin Elisabetta , Cons Benjamin D. , Coyle Joseph , East Charlotte E. , Hiscock Steven D. , Martinez-Fleites Carlos , Mortenson Paul N. , Palmer Nick , Pathuri Puja , Powers Marissa V. , Saalau Susanne M. , St. Denis Jeffrey D. , Swabey Kate , Vinković Mladen , Walton Hugh , Williams Glyn , Clarke Paul A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) serves as a regulatory hub for oncogene-driven protein synthesis and is considered a promising anticancer target. Here we screen a fragment library against eIF4E and identify a ligand-binding site with previously unknown function. Follow-up structure-based design yields a low nM tool compound (4, Kd = 0.09 µM; LE 0.38), which disrupts the eIF4E:eIF4G interaction, inhibits translation in cell lysates, and demonstrates target engagement with eIF4E in intact cells (EC50 = 2 µM). By coupling targeted protein degradation with genetic rescue using eIF4E mutants, we show that disruption of both the canonical eIF4G and non-canonical binding sites is likely required to drive a strong cellular effect. This work highlights the power of fragment-based drug discovery to identify pockets in difficult-to-drug proteins and how this approach can be combined with genetic characterization and degrader technology to probe protein function in complex biological systems.
Development of a novel postoperative adhesion induction model in cynomolgus monkeys with high reliability and reproducibility
Authors: Nakagawa Kenji , Yamazaki Masaki , Tanimura Hiromi , Sakaguchi Narumi , Kohara Miho , Sato Izumi , Azuma Masahiro , Nishimoto-Kakiuchi Ayako , Kato Atsuhiko , Kitazawa Takehisa , Konno Ryo , Sankai Tadashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Postoperative adhesions frequently occur following abdominal surgical interventions, leading to serious morbidities and requiring new therapeutic strategies. The development of new therapeutic agents to reduce postoperative adhesions needs animal models that closely mirror human pathophysiology. In this study, we established a novel surgical adhesion model in cynomolgus monkeys, which are characteristically similar to humans. Our model reliably and reproducibly developed adhesions. Histopathological analyses revealed that monkeys undergoing our novel surgery method exhibited changes consistent with those in monkeys that underwent open abdominal surgery. Furthermore, the cellular components of the adhesion tissue in our monkey model reflected those reported in human adhesion tissue. Furthermore, time-course transcriptomic analyses showed that our model accurately recapitulates the well-known progression cascade of postoperative adhesions. In addition, it identified the upregulation of gene that is absent in rodents. We expect our novel surgical method to be a promising tool for elucidating the detailed biology of postoperative adhesions and for assessing new therapeutic treatments with high translatability to human biology.
Impact of screw reinsertion on osteosynthesis stability in Schatzker IV tibial plateau fractures: a biomechanical study
Authors: Hiyama Shuhei , Takahashi Tsuneari , Ando Jiro , Nibe Yoshiya , Matsumura Tomohiro , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This biomechanical study evaluated the effect of screw reinsertion with a locking plate on fixation strength and the stability of osteosynthesis in medial tibial plateau fractures using porcine bone. Materials and methods: Thirty porcine tibiae were divided into three groups: group A (underwent biomechanical testing after medial tibial fixation with a large fragment T-shaped locking plate), group B (underwent plate fixation, followed by the removal of all screws and plates and refixation with the same screws and plates using the same holes before biomechanical testing), and group C (underwent biomechanical testing once after plate fixation, followed by the removal of all screws and plates, refixation with the same screws and plates using the same holes, and then biomechanical testing). The translation pattern of the constructs in each group was examined using cyclic loading tests. The changes in the joint gap and step-off after 2000 cycles were compared among the three groups. Results: Significant differences in displacement were observed at 10–100 cycles (group A: −0.01 ± 0.04 mm, group B: −0.02 ± 0.04 mm, group C: −0.13 ± 0.15 mm, P = 0.021). However, no significant differences were found in other displacement and translation measurements among the groups. Regarding the gap and step-off among groups, significant differences were observed in anterior and posterior gap changes. Despite the statistical significance, the absolute displacement values were small, suggesting minimal clinical relevance. These findings indicate that reinserting screws and plates into the same hole may not substantially compromise overall fixation strength. Conclusion: Screw reinsertion in the same holes after removal did not significantly compromise the stability of osteosynthesis in this biomechanical model. These findings suggest that reinsertion may be a viable option in revision surgery.
1.55 GHz balanced homodyne detector with high gain flatness based on low noise amplifier
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Niu Xuyin , Wu Guangqian , Dong Ruifang 
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a model for simulating the shot noise power and the electronic noise power of a balanced homodyne detector (BHD) using cascaded low noise amplifiers (LNAs) is presented. Moreover, the factors influencing the enhancement of BHD gain flatness are analyzed. Based on these theories, a BHD with a large clearance between shot noise and electronic noise, along with a flat broadband frequency response, is designed using LNAs and an optimized printed circuit board design. According to the experimental measurements, the bandwidth for 1 dB flatness reaches 1.4 GHz with the −3 dB bandwidth extending up to 1.55 GHz. With a 4 mW optical signal input, a signal-to-noise ratio of 12 dB is obtained at 1 GHz. The BHD exhibits excellent linearity for shot noise output up to an 8 mW optical signal input and a tested common mode rejection ratio of 63 dB. This developed BHD is well-suited for applications in high-speed continuous variable quantum key distribution and quantum random number generation.
Monopotassium maleate salt stabilizes SnO2 colloid solution for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xiaoxuan , Sun Derun , Sun Huande , Gao You , Ren Fumeng , Chen Rui , Meng Xin , Zhang Siqi , Chen Wei , Liu Zonghao 
Published: February 2025

Constructing a high-quality SnO2 electron transport layer plays an important role in the fabrication of high-performance n–i–p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a SnO2 modification strategy by using monopotassium maleate (MPM) salt to functionalize the SnO2 nanocrystals. It is demonstrated that MPM can effectively inhibit the agglomeration of SnO2 nanocrystals, thereby improving the conductivity and electron mobility of SnO2 and passivating the defects at the buried SnO2/perovskite interface. Meanwhile, the interfacial energy level alignment between SnO2 and the perovskite layer is improved. With MPM-modified SnO2, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs is substantially improved from 21.8% to 24.1%. In addition, a noteworthy PCE of 19.8% is achieved for perovskite solar modules with an active area of 10.25 cm2. The unencapsulated devices maintain 90% of the initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous tracking testing at the maximum power point in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature.