bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between rapid and mixed maxillary expansion through an assessment of dento-skeletal effects on posteroanterior cephalometry
Authors: Perillo Letizia , De Rosa Alfredo , Iaselli Francesco , d’Apuzzo Fabrizia , Grassia Vincenzo , Cappabianca Salvatore 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to compare the dento-skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and mixed maxillary expansion (MME), assessed on posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms.

Methods
Treatment groups consisted of 42 patients; mean age in RME group (n = 21,13 female and 8 male subjects) was 8.8 years ± 1.37 at T0 and 9.6 years ± 1.45 at T1 and mean age in MME group (n = 21, 12 female and 9 male patients) was 8.9 years ± 2.34 at T0 and 10.5 years ± 2.08 at T1. Seventeen bilateral anatomic landmarks, 16 linear (12 skeletal and 4 dental) and 4 angular measurements were assessed for each patient at T0 and T1. Data from the two groups were compared using independent sample t test (p < 0.05).

Results
At T0, the groups were similar for all examined variables (p > 0.05). Significant and equal increase of lateronasal and maxillary and upper and lower molar widths (p < 0. 01) occurred in both groups at T1. Significant but different increases were observed for maxillary incisal, upper left first molar-lateroorbitale, and maxillary first molar angles (p < 0.001 vs. p < 0.05). Significant increases were reported for upper inter-incisal width apex (p < 0.001) and upper right first molar-lateroorbitale angle (p < 0.05) only in the RME group. At T1, differences in maxillary incisal angle (p < 0.05), upper left first molar-lateroorbitale, and maxillary first molar angles (p < 0.001) were noted.

Conclusions
RME and MME were both effective to increase skeletal transverse dimensions by opening mid-palatal suture in growing patients, while MME was associated with minor dental side effects than RME.
Predominant Role of GIP in the Development of a Metabolic Syndrome-like Phenotype in Female Wistar Rats Submitted to Forced Catch-up Growth
Authors: De Toro-Martín J. , Fernández-Millán E. , Lizárraga-Mollinedo E. , López-Oliva E. , Serradas P. , Escrivá F. , Álvarez C. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Catch-up growth has been associated with the appearance of metabolic dysfunctions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Because the entero-insular axis is critical to glucose homeostasis control, we explored the relevance of the incretins glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the development of these pathologies. Offspring of rat dams fed ad libitum (control [C]) or 65% food-restricted during pregnancy and suckling time (undernourished [U]) were weaned onto a high-fat (HF) diet (CHF and UHF, respectively) to drive catch-up growth. Both male and female UHF rats showed an obese phenotype characterized by hyperphagy, visceral fat accumulation, and adipocyte hypertrophy. High-fat diet induced deterioration of glucose tolerance in a sex-dependent manner. Female UHF rats experienced much more severe glucose intolerance than males, which was not compensated by insulin hypersecretion, suggesting insulin resistance, as shown by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values. Moreover, female, but not male, UHF rats displayed enhanced GIP but not GLP-1 secretion during oral glucose tolerance test. Administration of the GIP receptor antagonist (Pro3)GIP to UHF female rats over 21 days markedly reduced visceral fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy without variations in food intake or body weight. These changes were accompanied by improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, the exacerbated production and secretion of GIP after the catch-up growth seems to represent the stimulus for insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in derangement of glucose homeostasis. Overall, these data evidence the role of GIP as a critical link between catch-up growth and the development of metabolic disturbances.
Do Incumbents Improve Service Quality in Response to Entry? Evidence from Airlines' On-Time Performance
Authors: Prince Jeffrey T. , Simon Daniel H. 
Published: July 2014

We examine if and how incumbent firms respond to entry and entry threats using nonprice modes of competition. Our analysis focuses on airline service quality. We find that incumbent on-time performance (OTP) actually worsens in response to entry, and even entry threats, by Southwest Airlines. Since Southwest is both a top-performing airline in OTP and a low-cost carrier (LCC), we conjecture that this response by incumbents may be due to a cost-cutting strategy that allows for intense postentry price competition along with preentry deterrence, or it may be due to a postentry differentiation strategy along with preentry accommodation. Further analysis of entry and entry threats by other airlines is inconclusive, providing evidence that is partially consistent with both hypotheses. Nonetheless, the phenomenon of worsening OTP can only be observed when the (potential) entrant is a LCC (Southwest, Jet Blue, and AirTran). Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1918 . This paper was accepted by by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Management Earnings Forecasts and Value of Analyst Forecast Revisions
Authors: Kim Yongtae , Song Minsup 
Published: July 2014

This study examines the stock-price reactions to analyst forecast revisions around earnings announcements to test whether preannouncement forecasts reflect analysts' private information or piggybacking on confounding events and news. We find that management earnings forecasts influence the timing and precision of analyst forecasts. More importantly, evidence suggests that prior studies' finding of weaker (stronger) stock-price responses to forecast revisions in the period immediately after (before) the prior-quarter earnings announcement disappears once management earnings forecasts are controlled for. To the extent that management earnings forecasts are public disclosures, our results suggest that the importance of analysts' information discovery role documented in prior studies is likely to be overstated. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Effectiveness of Clinical Pathway in Breast Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cui Qi , Tian Jinhui , Song Xuping , Yang Kehu , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: July 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the use of clinical pathways (CPs) for breast cancer when compared with usual medical care. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and four Chinese databases were searched from inception to November 2012 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported the effect of CPs for breast cancer. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed included studies. The assessment of methodological quality of the included studies was based on the Jadad score. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan software (version 5.2). Results: Six randomized controlled trials (597 patients) were included. There were 297 patients in the CPs group and 300 patients in the usual medical care group. The results showed that compared with usual medical care, CPs could significantly shorten the length of hospital stay (MD = -3.83d, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-5.20, -2.46]), decreased hospitalization costs (SMD = -3.44, 95%CI, [-4.79, -2.09]) and preoperative hospitalization (MD = -0.56d, 95%CI, [-0.77, -0.34]). There was no statistically difference in patients’ satisfaction (OR =2.39, 95%CI, [1.00, 5.70]) and postoperative complications (OR = 0.34, 95%CI, [0.11, 1.08]). Conclusions: The current evidence showed that CPs could effectively improve the quality of the care provided to the breast cancer patient. It may be able to shorten the length of hospital stay, decreased hospitalization costs and preoperative hospitalization.
The Timing of Diagenesis and Thermal Maturation of the Cretaceous Marias River Shale, Disturbed Belt, Montana
Authors: Osborn Stephen G. , Duffield Louise Totten , Elliott W. Crawford , Wampler J. M. , Elmore R. Douglas , Engel Michael H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe hypothesis that chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) in argillaceous rocks may be due to release of Fe during smectite illitization has been tested by study of spatial and temporal relationships of CRM acquisition, smectite illitization, and organic-matter maturation to deformation in the Montana Disturbed Belt. New K-Ar ages and stacking order and percentages of illite layers in illite-smectite (I-S) are consistent with conclusions from previous studies that smectite illitization of bentonites in Subbelts I and II of the Disturbed Belt was produced by thrust-sheet burial resulting from the Laramide Orogeny. Internally concordant, early Paleogene, K-Ar age values (55–57 Ma) were obtained from clay subfractions of thick bentonites which were significantly different in terms of their ages (i.e. Jurassic Ellis Formation and late Cretaceous Marias River Shale), further supporting a model of smectite illitization as a result of the Laramide Orogeny. Internally concordant K-Ar ages were found also for clay sub-fractions from a thick bentonite at Pishkun Canal (54 Ma) and from an undeformed bentonite near Vaughn on the Sweetgrass Arch (48 Ma). In Subbelts I and II, a greater degree of smectite illitization corresponds to increased thermal maturation, increased natural remanent magnetization intensity, and increased deformation (dip of beds). A dissolution-precipitation model over a short duration is proposed for the formation of illite layers in Subbelts I and II. A characteristic remanent magnetization was developed before or just after folding began in the early Paleogene. More smectite-rich I-S, low thermal maturity, and the absence of a CRM were noted in one outcrop of an undeformed rock on the Sweetgrass Arch. Strontium isotope data allow for the possibility that internal or externally derived fluids may have influenced illitization, but the K-Ar age values suggest that illitization was probably in response to conductive heating after the overthrusting had occurred. The differences in K-Ar dates among the bentonites studied herein may be due to differences in the timing of peak temperature related to differences in distance below the overthrust slab, in rates of burial and exhumation, and in initial temperature.
Investigation of the Thermal Decomposition of Talc
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Liu Xiaoxu , Hu Yuehua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDifferent changes in the structural and thermal properties of various types of talc have been reported in the literature which have made comparison of analytical results difficult. The objective of the present study was to obtain some fundamental insights into the effects of the thermal behavior of talc and to carry out kinetic analyses of the decomposition of talc under high temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were used to study the thermal decomposition mechanism. The Coats-Redfern decomposition model was used to determine the decomposition mechanism of talc samples. The results showed that the decomposition of talc commenced at ~800°C, peaking at ~895°C, with the formation of enstatite and amorphous silica. An isothermal treatment at 1000°C caused the complete dehydroxylation of talc. The XRD and FTIR results indicated that the enstatite and amorphous silica phases were transformed into clinoenstatite and paracrystalline opal phases, respectively, after the decomposition stage at 1200°C. Good linearity in the Coats-Redfern model was observed from room temperature to 1300°C and the activation energy was calculated to be 69 kcal/mol.
Configuring innocence: China and Italy, Wang and Masina personas
Authors: Kuoshu Harry 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
By tracing how Wang Baoqiang and Giulietta Masina configure the concept of innocence in four films – Fellini’s Il Bidone/The Swindle (1955) versus Li Yang’s Blind Shaft (2003), and Fellini’s La Strada/The Road (1954) versus Feng Xiaogang’s A World without Thieves (2004) – this article demonstrates that similar human conditions produce similar cinematic responses. The parallel elements here include bankrupt political systems (Maoist socialism and Mussolini’s fascism) accompanied by economic prosperity and the advent of materialism, in which individuals attempt to regain a sense of self through the traditional values of their cultures, whether Confucianism in China or Christian humanism in Italy: the focus on innocence in both Chinese and Italian films has also attracted similar critical responses. This article touches on the relationship between the following responses and the analysis of the films: Italian Neorealism in contrast with Chinese documentary realism, nostalgia for home, Christian and Buddhist humanism, value judgment, post-socialism, consumerism, problems of ethics, populism, Nietzsche’s concept of the innocence of becoming and Heidegger’s conception of homeless. The article concludes by suggesting an examination of Daoism for a comprehensive understanding of the parallelled configuration of innocence, bridging the concepts of Nietzsche and Heidegger and heeding both senses of crisis and senses for hope.
The bicycle towards the pantheon: A comparative analysis of Beijing Bicycle and Bicycle Thieves
Authors: Zhong Huang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
十七岁的单车/Beijing Bicycle (Wang Xiaoshuai, 2000) is a significant masterpiece of Wang Xiaoshuai, one of the Sixth Generation directors in China that shows a host of similarities with Ladri di biciclette/Bicycle Thieves (De Sica, 1948). This article concentrates on the relationship between the creation of the Chinese Sixth Generation, New Generation directors and the Italian Neorealism movement, elaborating on different perspectives of aesthetic system construction, the thought enlightenment of André Bazin, the members of the Sixth Generation and New Generation directors in China and the creative situations these Chinese directors are in, and eventually asserts that the creative track and formation of aesthetic philosophy of the Chinese Sixth Generation and New Generation directors are closely associated with the Italian Neorealism movement.
Connecting the West to the East: Giuliano Montaldo’s Marco Polo as the first Italian and Chinese film co-production
Authors: Di Chiara Francesco 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A recent bilateral film co-production agreement between Italy and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), ratified in September 2012 by the Italian Parliament, will hopefully bring fruitful cooperations between these two national film and television industries. However, Chinese and Italian film co-productions are not an unprecedented phenomenon. The first co-production between these two film industries actually happened in 1982, when mini-series Marco Polo was produced by Italian television network RAI along with Chinese Company Cinematic Co-Production (CCCC). The aim of this article is to examine the production history of Marco Polo and its complex transnational dimension, through the analysis of issues previously highlighted by theoretical works about the crisis of national cinema and of issues of identity in European co-productions. Moreover, the article will analyze RAI’s production policy of the late 1970s and early 1980s, a watershed era that marks a move from the production of works of international film-makers of modern cinema, to more spectacular and marketable productions for the new global television market. Finally, I will discuss Marco Polo’s relationship with the Italian political film, an important production trend in 1970s Italian cinema, to which director Giuliano Montaldo contributed with at least three of his films. I will suggest that the Italian political film was extremely apt at narrating a story focused on intercultural communication, and that Montaldo had been hired by RAI because of his experience in this genre.
Polysiphonia dokdoensis sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) based on a population previously known as Polysiphonia atlantica sensu Kim and Lee from Korea
Authors: Bustamante Danilo E. , Won Boo Yeon , Cho Tae Oh 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The genus Polysiphonia Greville is characterized by having four ecorticated pericentral cells, rhizoids in open connection with the pericentral cells, four-celled carpogonial branches, spermatangial branches replacing the whole trichoblast, and tetrasporangia in straight series. Polysiphonia dokdoensis sp. nov. collected from Dokdo, Korea is here described as a new species on the basis of morphological and molecular data. Polysiphonia dokdoensis is characterized by having four ecorticated pericentral cells, unicellular rhizoids in open connection with pericentral cells, scar cells placed between two pericentral cells, an alternating arrangement of unilateral branch pairs, and tetrasporangia in straight series. The alternating arrangement of unilateral branch pairs and the placement of the scar cell between two pericentral cells are recognized as main characters to identify P. dokdoensis. Polysiphonia dokdoensis is morphologically identical to “P. atlantica” sensu Kim and Lee, which is now recognized as P. dokdoensis sp. nov. and distinguished from the authentic European P. atlantica by the distinguishing morphological character states. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL confirm the placement of the new taxon as a distinct species in Polysiphonia
sensu stricto.
Investigation of lichen based green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with response surface methodology
Authors: Yıldız Nuray , Ateş Çağlar , Yılmaz Mehmet , Demir Dürdane , Yıldız Atila , Çalımlı Ayla 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were successfully biosynthesized from AgNO3 through a simple green route using the lichen extract [Cetraria islandica (L)Ach] as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The mean sizes of spherical Ag nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 nm to 29 nm were obtained at different reaction conditions. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of temperature, reaction time and AgNO3/lichen ratio on green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles. The results showed that the increase in reaction time and AgNO3/lichen ratio caused a decrease of particle size and the increase in temperature resulted in bigger particles.
Circulating concentrations of gonadal and adrenocortical hormones in wild nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Authors: Howell-Stephens Jennifer A. , Lockhart Jack Mitchell , Santymire Rachel M. , Loughry William J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe performed a retrospective analysis of hormone concentrations found in blood sera from culled nine-banded armadillos (
Der „neue österreichische Mensch“
Authors: Ehs Tamara 
Published: July 2014

Vorspann
Österreich hatte es nach 1918 schwer, sich selbst und eine eigene nationale Identität zu finden. Wie sollte sich das Land vom Deutschen Reich abgrenzen, das in Österreich immer mehr Anhänger fand? Die Regierungen Dollfuß und Schuschnigg setzten vor allem auf Indoktrinierung und Militarisierung und hatten dabei zunächst die Studenten im Auge, die ab 1936 sogenannte Hochschullager besuchen mussten. Tamara Ehs, eine junge, in Wien und Salzburg lehrende Politologin, untersucht diese Lager, die Orte einer elitären Gemeinschafts- und Nationsbildung waren, auf die Schaffung eines „neuen österreichischen Menschen“ zielten und ganz im Zeichen von ideologischer „Überhitlerung“ standen. Tamara Ehs zeigt, was mit diesem geheimnisvollen Begriff gemeint war.
Filtration of Fly Ash Using Nonwoven Geotextiles: Effect of Sample Preparation Technique and Testing Method
Authors: Akram M. H. , Gabr M. A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The long-term filtration behavior of nonwoven geotextiles with fly ash is investigated using gradient ratio tests [ASTM Test Method for Measuring the Soil-Geotextile Clogging Potential by the Gradient Ratio (D 5101-90)] for the duration of approximately ≈4000 h under an applied hydraulic gradient of 3. In parallel, rigid wall permeability tests under the relatively high hydraulic gradient of 25 are conducted to investigate the potential of expediently simulating the long-term filtration behavior of the geotextile-fly ash system. Four nonwoven geotextiles ranging in apparent opening size from No. 70 to 170 are used with specimens prepared using a dry method and a slurry method of preparation and then back-saturated with deaired water. Results indicated that the fly ash-geotextile systems are stabilized after approximately 2000 h with less piping observed for the slurry specimens. Permeability across the slurry specimens is measured to be 1/2 to 1/3 that of the dry specimens. Testing under a hydraulic gradient of 25 and for the duration of 25 h has yielded a steady state k value similar to those obtained from the GR tests after a testing duration of 4000 h. All the geotextile-fly ash systems are categorized as stable based on the stability limit set for the granular filters with the measured rate of fly ash passing through the geotextiles found to be less than or equal to 0.04 g/cm2.
Design and Evaluation of a Large Direct Shear Machine for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Authors: Fox Patrick J. , Rowland Michael G. , Scheithe John R. , Davis Kris L. , Supple Murray R. , Crow Charles C. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A large direct shear machine—called the pullout shear machine—for strength testing of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) is described. The machine tests rectangular GCL specimens measuring 406 by 1067 mm. The maximum horizontal displacement is 203 mm, which allows for the measurement of both peak and residual shear strengths. The basic design concept for the pullout shear machine is to shear a GCL specimen between a movable pullout plate and a stationary reaction plate, each covered with an aggressive gripping surface. The advantage of this approach is that large specimens can be sheared under high normal stress with negligible friction. Furthermore, the gripping surfaces and the rigidity of the pullout plate enforce uniform shear strain at failure. The paper describes four main components of the machine: (1) the shearing system, (2) the normal stress and vertical displacement system, (3) the specimen hydration system, and (4) the process control and data acquisition system. In addition, a technique is described for the measurement of internal pore pressures within a GCL specimen during hydration and shear. The performance of the pullout shear machine is illustrated using test data for unreinforced and reinforced geotextile-supported GCLs. Finally, the relative merits of the machine are discussed in comparison to the capabilities of other shear testing apparatus currently available.