bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barth and the divine perfections
Authors: Sonderegger Katherine 
Published: October 2014

AbstractColin Gunton advanced the radical claim that Christians have univocal knowledge of God. Just this, he said in Act and Being, was the fruit of Christ's ministry and passion. Now, was Gunton right to find this teaching in Karl Barth – or at least, as an implication of Barth's celebrated rejection of ‘hellenist metaphysics’? This article aims to answer this question by examining Gunton's own claim in Act and Being, followed by a closer inspection of Barth's analysis of the doctrine of analogy in a long excursus in Church Dogmatics II/1.Contrary to some readings of Barth, I find Barth to be remarkably well-informed about the sophisticated terms of contemporary Roman Catholic debate about analogy, including the work of G. Sohngen and E. Pryzwara. Barth's central objection to the doctrine of analogy in this section appears to be the doctrine's reckless division (in Barth's eyes) of the Being of God into a ‘bare’ God, the subject of natural knowledge, and the God of the Gospel, known in Jesus Christ. But such reckless abstraction cannot be laid at the feet of Roman theologians alone! Barth extensively examines, and finds wanting, J. A. Quenstedt's doctrine of analogy, and the knowledge of God it affords, all stripped, Barth charges, of the justifying grace of Jesus Christ. From these pieces, Barth builds his own ‘doctrine of similarity’, a complex and near-baroque account, which seeks to ground knowledge of God in the living act of his revelation and redemption of sinners. All this makes one tempted to say that Gunton must be wrong in his assessment either of univocal predication or of its roots in the theology of Karl Barth.But passages from the same volume of the Church Dogmatics make one second-guess that first conclusion. When Barth turns from his methodological sections in volume II/1 to the material depiction of the divine perfections, he appears to lay aside every hesitation and speak as directly, as plainly and, it seems, as ‘univocally’ as Gunton could ever desire. Some examples from the perfection of divine righteousness point to Barth's startling use of frank and direct human terms for God's own reality and his unembarrassed use of such terms to set out the very ‘heart of God’.Yet things are never quite what they seem in Barth. A brief comparison between Gunton's univocal predication and Barth's own use of christological predication reveals some fault-lines between the two, and an explanation, based on Barth's own doctrine of justification, is offered in its place.
Climate, demographic factors and geographical variations in the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease in Italy
Authors: VESCIO F. , BUSANI L. , MUGHINI GRAS L. , FAZIO C. , NERI A. , AVELLIS L. , REZZA G. , STEFANELLI P. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYWe investigated the effect of climatic, demographic factors and intra-country geographical variations on the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Italy. For this purpose, incidence rates of IMD cases reported in Italy between 1994 and 2012 were calculated, and a cluster analysis was performed. A geographical gradient was determined, with lower incidence rates in central and southern Italy, compared to the northern parts, where most clusters were observed. IMD rates were higher in medium-sized towns than in villages. Adults were at lower risk of IMD than children aged ⩽4 years. IMD incidence tended to decrease with increasing monthly mean temperatures (incidence rate ratio 0·94, 95% confidence interval 0·90–0·99). In conclusion, geographical variations in IMD incidence were found, where age and temperature were associated with disease occurrence. Whether geographical variations should be considered in national intervention plans is still a matter for discussion.
Politics and the Reception of Andrew Lloyd Webber’sThe Phantom of the Opera
Authors: Winkler Amanda Eubanks 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the complicated and conflicted critical response to Andrew Lloyd Webber’sThe Phantom of the Operawithin the political, economic and cultural context of the Thatcher/Reagan era. British critics writing for Conservative-leaning broadsheets and tabloids took nationalist pride in Lloyd Webber’s commercial success, while others on both sides of the Atlantic claimed thatPhantomwas tasteless and crassly commercial, a musical manifestation of a new Gilded Age. Broader issues regarding the relationship between the government and ‘elite’ culture also affected the critical response. For some,Phantomforged a path for a new kind of populist opera that could survive and thrive without government subsidy, while less sympathetic critics heardPhantom’s ‘puerile’ operatics as sophomoric jibes against an art form they esteemed.
Nutritional status as assessed by nutrient intakes and biomarkers among women of childbearing age – is the burden of nutrient inadequacies growing in America?
Authors: Rai Deshanie , Bird Julia K , McBurney Michael I , Chapman-Novakofski Karen M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding nutrient intakes among women of childbearing age within the USA is important given the accumulating evidence that maternal body weight gain and nutrient intakes prior to pregnancy may influence the health and well-being of the offspring. The objective of the present study was to evaluate nutritional status in women of childbearing age and to ascertain the influence of ethnicity and income on nutrient intakes.DesignNutritional status was assessed using data on nutrient intakes through foods and supplements from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Biomarker data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to assess nutritional status for selected nutrients. Poverty–income ratio was used to assess family income.SubjectsWhite (n1560), African-American (n889) and Mexican-American (n761) women aged 19–30 and 31–50 years were included.SettingA nationally representative sample of non-pregnant women of childbearing age resident in the USA.ResultsAfrican-American women had the lowest intakes of fibre, folate, riboflavin, P, K, Ca and Mg. Women (31–50 years) with a poverty–income ratio of ≤1·85 had significantly lower intakes of almost all nutrients analysed. Irrespective of ethnicity and income, a significant percentage of women were not consuming the estimated recommended amounts (Estimated Average Requirement) of several key nutrients: vitamin A (~80 %), vitamin D (~78 %) and fibre (~92 %). Nutrient biomarker data were generally reflective of nutrient intake patterns among the different ethnic groups.ConclusionsWomen of childbearing age in the USA are not meeting nutrient intake guidelines, with differences between ethnic groups and socio-economic strata. These factors should be considered when establishing nutrition science advocacy and policy.
Sustainability in the Qatar national dietary guidelines, among the first to incorporate sustainability principles
Authors: Seed Barbara 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo present one of the first national dietary guidelines that incorporates food sustainability principles into its public health recommendations.DesignThe paper outlines recommendations and utilizes an ecological framework of policy analysis to examine context, drivers, consequences and future suggestions in establishing and maintaining sustainability principles within the Qatar Dietary Guidelines.SettingQatar.SubjectsPopulation of Qatar.ResultsQatar has produced one of the first national dietary guidelines to integrate principles of food sustainability. National interest in environmental sustainability and food security, population concern over food waste (reinforced by Islamic religious law), strong authority of the Supreme Council of Health (supported by an Emirate government), a small domestic food industry and a lack of food industry influence on the guidelines have contributed to the inclusion of sustainability principles within the document.ConclusionsWhether these principles will be embraced or rejected by the population in the long term will likely be determined by the Dietary Guidelines Task Force and the Supreme Council of Health’s commitment to educating the population about the relevance and importance of these principles and establishing champions to advocate for them.
The NIR arm of SHARK: System for coronagraphy with High-order Adaptive optics from R to K bands
Authors: Farinato Jacopo , Baffa Carlo , Baruffolo Andrea , Bergomi Maria , Carbonaro Luca , Carlotti Alexis , Centrone Mauro , Codona Johanan , Dima Marco , Esposito Simone , Fantinel Daniela , Farisato Giancarlo , Gaessler Wolfgang , Giallongo Emanuele , Greggio Davide , Hinz Philip , Lisi Franco , Magrin Demetrio , Marafatto Luca , Pedichini Fernando , Pinna Enrico , Puglisi Alfio , Ragazzoni Roberto , Salasnich Bernardo , Stangalini Marco , Verinaud Christophe , Viotto Valentina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSHARK is a proposal aimed at investigating the technical feasibility and the scientific capabilities of high-contrast cameras to be implemented at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). SHARK foresees two separated channels: near-infrared (NIR) channel and visible, both providing imaging and coronagraphic modes. We describe here the SHARK instrument concept, with particular emphasis on the NIR channel at the level of a conceptual study, performed in the framework of the call for proposals for new LBT instruments. The search for giant extra-Solar planets is the main science case, as we will outline in the paper.
Escaping Malthus: a comparative look at Japan and the ‘Great Divergence’
Authors: Gruber Carmen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe causes and consequences of the Industrial Revolution have led to a great deal of scholarship and debate within the field of economic history, from efforts to understand the internal dynamics of England and Europe to more recent revisionist literature that has sought to expand the debate by looking to Asia. This has enlivened and broadened the ‘Great Divergence’ debate through examining, by way of ecological factors, not only why China did not industrialize but also why England took a different path from that of China. This article expands the argument by looking at Japan, with a focus on coal mining as a foundation for escaping Malthusian constraints. As such, it will assess the extent of Malthusian pressure in pre-modern Japan and the importance of coal mining in alleviating these pressures relative to conditions in England and China.
The world of the Sylheti seamen in the Age of Empire, from the late eighteenth century to 1947
Authors: Hossain Ashfaque 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article examines the maritime activities and emigration of Muslim Sylhetis, from what today is north-eastern Bangladesh. Among the Bengali people, Sylhetis were the pioneers in crossing the sea in the Age of Empire. In their voyages, they worked as crewmen on merchant ships, and then began to settle abroad, mainly in Britain and the USA. Some of those who settled in Britain started restaurants and lodging houses. One of the unexplored questions of South Asian historiography is: why was it the Sylhetis who became seamen and emigrants, even though they lived about 300 miles away from the sea? This article traces the socioeconomic, religious, and ecological environment of Sylhetis to understand their transnational mobility, notably within the increasingly interconnected realms of the British empire.
Migrant Motherhood, ‘Failed Migration’, and the Gendered Risks of Precarious Labour
Authors: Constable Nicole 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article offers an ethnographically-based counterpoint to recent optimistic macro-approaches to the “migration-development nexus” that view international labour migrants as “agents of change,” depict migration as a win-win for the sending and receiving states, and associate migration with positive changes in the sending community, including the influx of monetary remittances and the entry of new ideas, such as gender equity and human rights (Faist 2008). Based on over sixteen months of ethnographic field research among Indonesian and Filipino migrant workers who became mothers in Hong Kong, I argue that it is important to consider examples of so-called ‘failed migration’ (not only migratory successes) in order to fully understand the costs of migration, including the gendered risks and gendered inequalities. Cases of migrant mothers vividly reveal how migratory ‘failures’ are often blamed on women's individual gendered moral shortcomings, but as I argue, their experiences, and those of all migrant workers, must be understood within specific contexts of precarious labour migration and Asian neoliberal policies of exception in Asia.
Genomic insights into the uncultivated marine Zetaproteobacteria at Loihi Seamount
Authors: Field Erin K , Sczyrba Alexander , Lyman Audrey E , Harris Christopher C , Woyke Tanja , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Emerson David 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The Zetaproteobacteria are a candidate class of marine iron-oxidizing bacteria that are typically found in high iron environments such as hydrothermal vent sites. As much remains unknown about these organisms due to difficulties in cultivation, single-cell genomics was used to learn more about this elusive group at Loihi Seamount. Comparative genomics of 23 phylogenetically diverse single amplified genomes (SAGs) and two isolates indicate niche specialization among the Zetaproteobacteria may be largely due to oxygen tolerance and nitrogen transformation capabilities. Only Form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) genes were found in the SAGs, suggesting that some of the uncultivated Zetaproteobacteria may be adapted to low oxygen and/or high carbon dioxide concentrations. There is also genomic evidence of oxygen-tolerant cytochrome c oxidases and oxidative stress-related genes, indicating that others may be exposed to higher oxygen conditions. The Zetaproteobacteria also have the genomic potential for acquiring nitrogen from numerous sources including ammonium, nitrate, organic compounds, and nitrogen gas. Two types of molybdopterin oxidoreductase genes were found in the SAGs, indicating that those found in the isolates, thought to be involved in iron oxidation, are not consistent among all the Zetaproteobacteria. However, a novel cluster of redox-related genes was found to be conserved in 10 SAGs as well as in the isolates warranting further investigation. These results were used to isolate a novel iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria. Physiological studies and genomic analysis of this isolate were able to support many of the findings from SAG analyses demonstrating the value of these data for designing future enrichment strategies.
Cassava genome from a wild ancestor to cultivated varieties
Authors: Wang Wenquan , Feng Binxiao , Xiao Jingfa , Xia Zhiqiang , Zhou Xincheng , Li Pinghua , Zhang Weixiong , Wang Ying , Møller Birger Lindberg , Zhang Peng , Luo Ming-Cheng , Xiao Gong , Liu Jingxing , Yang Jun , Chen Songbi , Rabinowicz Pablo D. , Chen Xin , Zhang Hong-Bin , Ceballos Henan , Lou Qunfeng , Zou Meiling , Carvalho Luiz J.C.B. , Zeng Changying , Xia Jing , Sun Shixiang , Fu Yuhua , Wang Haiyan , Lu Cheng , Ruan Mengbin , Zhou Shuigeng , Wu Zhicheng , Liu Hui , Kannangara Rubini Maya , Jørgensen Kirsten , Neale Rebecca Louise , Bonde Maya , Heinz Nanna , Zhu Wenli , Wang Shujuan , Zhang Yang , Pan Kun , Wen Mingfu , Ma Ping-An , Li Zhengxu , Hu Meizhen , Liao Wenbin , Hu Wenbin , Zhang Shengkui , Pei Jinli , Guo Anping , Guo Jianchun , Zhang Jiaming , Zhang Zhengwen , Ye Jianqiu , Ou Wenjun , Ma Yaqin , Liu Xinyue , Tallon Luke J. , Galens Kevin , Ott Sandra , Huang Jie , Xue Jingjing , An Feifei , Yao Qingqun , Lu Xiaojing , Fregene Martin , López-Lavalle L. Augusto Becerra , Wu Jiajie , You Frank M. , Chen Meili , Hu Songnian , Wu Guojiang , Zhong Silin , Ling Peng , Chen Yeyuan , Wang Qinghuang , Liu Guodao , Liu Bin , Li Kaimian , Peng Ming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCassava is a major tropical food crop in the Euphorbiaceae family that has high carbohydrate production potential and adaptability to diverse environments. Here we present the draft genome sequences of a wild ancestor and a domesticated variety of cassava and comparative analyses with a partial inbred line. We identify 1,584 and 1,678 gene models specific to the wild and domesticated varieties, respectively, and discover high heterozygosity and millions of single-nucleotide variations. Our analyses reveal that genes involved in photosynthesis, starch accumulation and abiotic stresses have been positively selected, whereas those involved in cell wall biosynthesis and secondary metabolism, including cyanogenic glucoside formation, have been negatively selected in the cultivated varieties, reflecting the result of natural selection and domestication. Differences in microRNA genes and retrotransposon regulation could partly explain an increased carbon flux towards starch accumulation and reduced cyanogenic glucoside accumulation in domesticated cassava. These results may contribute to genetic improvement of cassava through better understanding of its biology.
Optimization of Evans blue quantitation in limited rat tissue samples
Authors: Wang Hwai-Lee , Lai Ted Weita 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEvans blue dye (EBD) is an inert tracer that measures plasma volume in human subjects and vascular permeability in animal models. Quantitation of EBD can be difficult when dye concentration in the sample is limited, such as when extravasated dye is measured in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) intact brain. The procedure described here used a very small volume (30 µl) per sample replicate, which enabled high-throughput measurements of the EBD concentration based on a standard 96-well plate reader. First, ethanol ensured a consistent optic path length in each well and substantially enhanced the sensitivity of EBD fluorescence spectroscopy. Second, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) removed false-positive EBD measurements as a result of biological solutes and partially extracted EBD into the supernatant. Moreover, a 1:2 volume ratio of 50% TCA ([TCA final] = 33.3%) optimally extracted EBD from the rat plasma protein-EBD complex in vitro and in vivo and 1:2 and 1:3 weight-volume ratios of 50% TCA optimally extracted extravasated EBD from the rat brain and liver, respectively, in vivo. This procedure is particularly useful in the detection of EBD extravasation into the BBB-intact brain, but it can also be applied to detect dye extravasation into tissues where vascular permeability is less limiting.
Growth mechanism of metal-oxide nanowires synthesized by electron beam evaporation: A self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid process
Authors: Yu Hak Ki , Lee Jong-Lam 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report the growth mechanism of metal oxide nanostructures synthesized by electron beam evaporation. The condensed electron beam can easily decompose metal oxide sources that have a high melting point, thereby creating a self-catalytic metal nanodot for the vapor-liquid-solid process. The metal oxide nanostructures can be grown at a temperature just above the melting point of the self-catalyst by dissolving oxygen. The morphology of nanostructures, such as density and uniformity, strongly depends on the surface energy and surface migration energy of the substrate. The density of the self-catalytic metal nanodots increased with decreasing surface energies of the substrate due to the perfect wetting phenomenon of the catalytic materials on the high surface energy substrate. However, the surfaces with extremely low surface energy had difficulty producing the high density of self-catalyst nanodot, due to positive line tension, which increases the contact angle to >180°. Moreover, substrates with low surface migration energy, such as single layer graphene, make nanodots agglomerate to produce a less-uniform distribution compared to those produced on multi-layer graphene with high surface migration energy.
A novel anti-proliferative role of HMGA2 in induction of apoptosis through caspase 2 in primary human fibroblast cells
Authors: Shi Xi , Tian Baoqing , Ma Wenlong , Zhang Na , Qiao Yuehua , Li Xiaoxue , Zhang Yu , Huang Baiqu , Lu Jun 
Published: October 2014

The HMGA2 (high-mobility group AT-hook) protein has previously been shown as an oncoprotein, whereas ectopic expression of HMGA2 is found to induce growth arrest in primary cells. The precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain to be unravelled. In the present study, we determined that HMGA2 was able to induce apoptosis in WI38 primary human cells. We show that WI38 cells expressing high level of HMGA2 were arrested at G2/M phase and exhibited apoptotic nuclear phenotypes. Meanwhile, the cleaved caspase 3 (cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 3) was detected 8 days after HMGA2 overexpression. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that the ratio of cells undergoing apoptosis increased dramatically. Concurrently, other major apoptotic markers were also detected, including the up-regulation of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase 9, down-regulation of Bcl-2; as well as release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. We further demonstrate that the shRNA (small-hairpin RNA)-mediated Apaf1 (apoptotic protease activating factor 1) silencing partially rescued the HMGA2-induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the decrease of cleaved caspase-3 level and a decline of cell death ratio. Our results also reveal that γH2A was accumulated in nuclei during the HMGA2-induced apoptosis along with the up-regulation of cleaved caspase 2, suggesting that the HMGA2-induced apoptosis was dependent on the pathway of DNA damage. Overall, the present study unravelled a novel function of HMGA2 in induction of apoptosis in human primary cell lines, and provided clues for clarification of the mechanistic action of HMGA2 in addition to its function as an oncoprotein.
Framework for optical millimetre‐wave generation based on tandem single side‐band modulation
Authors: Niknamfar Maryam , Shadaram Mehdi 
Published: October 2014

A novel scheme for optical millimetre‐wave (mm‐wave) generation based on tandem sub‐carrier multiplexing in hybrid communication systems is suggested. The method is analysed mathematically for optimum settings. The tandem single side‐band (TSSB) method is tolerant to fibre chromatic dispersion. However, the TSSB technique is prone to critical interference of unwanted harmonics which may result in poor data transmission bit error rate (BER). Based on the proposed mathematical derivation for TSSB modulation, a framework is provided to enhance the mm‐wave generation system performance. Up to 2 Gb/s data transmission over multiple 60 GHz sub‐bands is considered. The model includes a single‐mode fibre with chromatic dispersion factor of 16 ps/(nm km). Two cascaded dual electrode Mach–Zehnder modulators are used to generate TSSB 60 GHz sub‐bands. Three oscillators are required to generate two tandem mm‐wave signals. A proper selection of these three frequencies is vital to guarantee a successful data transmission. Mathematical analysis is carried out to verify the proposed scheme and a summary of appropriate frequency sets is presented and discussed. The BER curves are obtained. The results verify that the TSSB‐based mm‐wave generation framework proposed in this study guarantees data transmission with an acceptable BER.