bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tree-based ensemble machine learning models in the prediction of acute respiratory distress syndrome following cardiac surgery: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Zhang Hang , Qian Dewei , Zhang Xiaomiao , Meng Peize , Huang Weiran , Gu Tongtong , Fan Yongliang , Zhang Yi , Wang Yuchen , Yu Min , Yuan Zhongxiang , Chen Xin , Zhao Qingnan , Ruan Zheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after cardiac surgery is a severe respiratory complication with high mortality and morbidity. Traditional clinical approaches may lead to under recognition of this heterogeneous syndrome, potentially resulting in diagnosis delay. This study aims to develop and external validate seven machine learning (ML) models, trained on electronic health records data, for predicting ARDS after cardiac surgery.

Methods
This multicenter, observational cohort study included patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the training and testing cohorts (data from Nanjing First Hospital), as well as those patients who had cardiac surgery in a validation cohort (data from Shanghai General Hospital). The number of important features was determined using the sliding windows sequential forward feature selection method (SWSFS). We developed a set of tree-based ML models, including Decision Tree, GBDT, AdaBoost, XGBoost, LightGBM, Random Forest, and Deep Forest. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier score. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) techinque was employed to interpret the ML model. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the ML models and traditional scoring systems. ARDS is defined according to the Berlin definition.

Results
A total of 1996 patients who had cardiac surgery were included in the study. The top five important features identified by the SWSFS were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, preoperative albumin, central venous pressure_T4, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Among the seven ML models, Deep Forest demonstrated the best performance, with an AUC of 0.882 and a Brier score of 0.809 in the validation cohort. Notably, the SHAP values effectively illustrated the contribution of the 13 features attributed to the model output and the individual feature's effect on model prediction. In addition, the ensemble ML models demonstrated better performance than the other six traditional scoring systems.

Conclusions
Our study identified 13 important features and provided multiple ML models to enhance the risk stratification for ARDS after cardiac surgery. Using these predictors and ML models might provide a basis for early diagnostic and preventive strategies in the perioperative management of ARDS patients.
In sickness and health - a questionnaire based study regarding immune mediated diseases and neoplasia in Swedish Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers
Authors: Nilsson Malin , Kozyrev Sergey V. , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Rönnberg Henrik , Hansson-Hamlin Helene 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) has previously been highlighted as a breed at risk for developing immune mediated diseases and cancer. The immune response is of great importance for the development of neoplastic disease and a dysregulated immune response may predispose to cancer. Two of the commonly seen immune mediated diseases in NSDTRs are immune mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD), which bears similarities to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affecting humans, and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), which is a non-infectious inflammation of the meninges and the leptomeningeal vessels. The aim of this survey study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of immune mediated diseases and tumors among Swedish NSDTRs based on owners’ information. The study design was cross-sectional. A questionnaire was sent to 4102 persons who owned or had previously owned a NSDTR. The questions concerned information about the dog and its overall health status as well as specific diseases.

Results
The response rate was 30%, including 935 live NSDTRs, corresponding to approximately 20% of the current population registered in Sweden (n = 4564), and 177 dead dogs. The surveyed dogs were spread over different ages and sex and corresponded to the typical demographic profile of the general dog population. Of the 935 individuals that were alive, 28 dogs (3%) were reported as previously diagnosed with IMRD and 33 dogs (3.5%) were reported as previously diagnosed with SRMA, one dog was reported to have been diagnosed with both SRMA and IMRD. There were 129 dogs (14%) reported to have or have had a neoplasia of some kind. For the dead dogs (n = 177), almost 40% of the owners reported neoplasia as the main reason for death/euthanasia.

Conclusion
This study reports an estimated lifetime prevalence of IMRD and SRMA, in the studied population of Swedish NSDTRs, of 3.0 and 3.5% respectively. In this study, 14% of the living dogs (n = 935) were reported to have a neoplasia of some kind and almost 40% of the deceased dogs (n = 177) were euthanized due to neoplasia or suspicion of it.
Clinical and preclinical approach in AGA treatment: a review of current and new therapies in the regenerative field
Authors: Pozo-Pérez Lorena , Tornero-Esteban Pilar , López-Bran Eduardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent type of hair loss. Its morbility is mainly psychological although an increased incidence in melanoma has also been observed in affected subjects. Current drug based therapies and physical treatments are either unsuccessful in the long term or have relevant side effects that limit their application. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach is needed to promote regenerative enhancement alternatives. These treatment options, focused on the cellular niche restoration, could be the solution to the impact of dihydrotestosterone in the hair follicle microenvironment. In this context emerging regenerative therapies such as Platelet-rich plasma or Platelet-rich fibrine as well as hair follicle stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell based therapies and their derivatives (conditioned medium CM or exoxomes) are highlighting in the evolving landscape of hair restoration. Nanotechnology is also leading the way in AGA treatment through the design of bioinks and nanobiomaterials whose structures are being configuring in a huge range of cases by means of 3D bioprinting. Due to the increasing number and the rapid creation of new advanced therapies alternatives in the AGA field, an extended review of the current state of art is needed. In addition this review provides a general insight in current and emerging AGA therapies which is intented to be a guidance for researchers highlighting the cutting edge treatments which are recently gaining ground.
Performance of Self-healing Cementitious Mortar with PVA Fiber and SAP
Authors: Kwon Sukmin , Lee Sugyu , Kang Hyunuk , Kim Min Kyoung , Her Sungwun , Bae Sungchul , Kim Dong Joo , Moon Juhyuk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough concrete materials generally exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, it is susceptible against crack formation. It has been reported that narrow cracks (≤ 150 µm) could be naturally sealed in the cement matrix by externally supplied water-induced hydration. However, the crack width of larger than 150 µm is difficult to be sealed without using additional self-healing admixture. In this study, the self-healing cementitious mortar was successfully developed by using a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and superabsorbent polymer (SAP), aiming to heal the wide cracks. Although the mechanical properties were slightly reduced, it shows outstanding self-healing performance by using the dual admixtures. A self-healing rate of 60% was observed in the control sample with an initial crack width of 300 µm, while a self-healing rate of nearly 100% was confirmed with suitable SAP and PVA. In addition, it was confirmed that lower hydration degree of self-healing mortar in early stage contributes to the enhanced self-healing performance of developed composite system by internally supplied water from SAP.
Enhancement of the hygrothermal ageing properties of gelatine films by ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether
Authors: Liu Jiaojiao , Dong Wenqiang , Yang Junchang , Chen Zhongwei , Cao Jing , Chen Ran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Owing to the instability of gelatine in hygrothermal environments, gelatine-based cultural heritage undergo various deterioration processes, such as cracking, peeling, warping, curling and fracture, posing significant threats to its long-term preservation. Building on previous research, this study investigates the stability of polyol glycidyl ether–gelatine composite films under high-humidity and high-temperature conditions using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as a model compound. The hygrothermal ageing properties of EGDE–gelatine composite films are evaluated in terms of macrosize, mesoscopic structure, surface properties and mechanical properties. Results indicate that EGDE enhances the dimensional stability and swelling ratios of the composite films, stabilizes the pore structure and distribution and maintains the hydrophilicity and molecular structural stability under hygrothermal ageing conditions. Furthermore, the incorporation of EGDE leads to superior stress–strain properties of the composite films in such challenging environments. This study provides valuable experimental data for the preparation and conservation applications of gelatine-based cultural heritage materials.
Combining evolutionary computation with machine learning technique for improved short-term prediction of UT1-UTC and length-of-day
Authors: Dhar Sujata , Heinkelmann Robert , Belda Santiago , Modiri Sadegh , Schuh Harald , Guessoum Sonia , Ferrándiz José Manuel , Balasubramanian Nagarajan , Dikshit Onkar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver the years, prediction techniques for the highly variable angular velocity of the Earth represented by Earth's rotation (UT1-UTC) and length-of-day (LOD) have been continuously improved. This is because many applications like navigation, astronomy, space exploration, climate studies, timekeeping, disaster monitoring, and geodynamic studies, all rely on predictions of these Earth rotation parameters. They provide early warning of changes in the Earth's rotation, allowing various industries and scientific fields to operate more precisely and efficiently. Thus, in our study, we focused on short-term prediction for UT1-UTC (dUT1) and LOD. Our prediction approach is to combine machine learning (ML) technique with efficient evolutionary computation (EC) algorithms to achieve reliable and improved predictions. Gaussian process regression (GPR) is used as the ML technique with genetic algorithm (GA) as the EC algorithm. GA is used for hyperparameter optimization of GPR model as selecting appropriate values for hyperparameter are essential to ensure that the prediction model can accurately capture the underlying patterns in the data. We conducted some experiments with our prediction approach to thoroughly test its capabilities. Moreover, two forecasting strategies were used to assess the performance in both hindcast and operational settings. In most of the experiments, the data used are the multi-technique combinations (C04) generated by International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). In one of the experiments, we also investigated the performance of our prediction model on dUT1 and LOD from four different products obtained from IERS EOP 20 C04, DTRF20, JTRF20 and USNO. The prediction products are evaluated with real estimates of the EOP product with which the model is trained. The combined excitations of the atmosphere, oceans, hydrology, and sea level (AAM + OAM + HAM + SLAM) are used as predictors because they are highly correlated to the input data. The results depict the highest performance of 0.412 ms in dUT1 and 0.092 ms/day in LOD, on day 10 of predictions. It is worth noting that the later predictions were obtained by incorporating the uncertainty of the input data as weights in the prediction model, which was a novel approach tested in this study.
Graphical Abstract
Functional integration of services during the antenatal period can potentially improve childhood growth parameters beyond infancy: findings from a post-interventional follow-up study in West Bengal, India
Authors: Mehta Kayur , Mukherjee Sreeparna Ghosh , Bhattacharjee Ipsita , Fate Kassandra , Kachwaha Shivani , Rajeev Tushara , Kant Aastha , Banerjee Meghendra , Shet Anita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite progress, the prevalence of childhood undernutrition in India remains amongst the highest globally.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the impact of a functional integration interventional package during the antenatal period on childhood growth parameters.

Methods
This is a post-interventional follow-up study of a maternal nutrition interventional study conducted between 2018 and 2019 among women in their first trimester of pregnancy from three districts in West Bengal, India. Pregnant women received a package of augmented interventions from study staff which supplemented those provided to them under the state-run programmes, that included body-mass-index measurement at pregnancy registration, monthly weight monitoring, targeted dietary counselling, supervised supplementary nutrition intake and iron-folic acid supplementation during daily anganwadi center visits. In the current follow-up study conducted in 2021, age-matched pregnant women from the same areas who were pregnant during the same period as in the original study and had received standard-of-care under the state-run programmes were recruited into a comparison group. Study staff collected data regarding maternal height and serial weights that were recorded at antenatal visits in 2018-19, and birth and infant characteristics. Child height and weight were measured during the follow-up visit in 2021, which were used to calculate the relative risks of stunting, wasting and underweight using generalized linear models, to understand the sustained impact of the intervention beyond infancy. Eight-hundred-nine mother-child dyads (406 intervention; 403 comparison) were followed.

Results
Median age of women in the intervention and comparison group was 23 (IQR 20–25) and 25 (IQR 24–27) years respectively. Median gestational-weight-gain was higher amongst intervention group women (9 vs. 8 kg, p = 0.04). Low-birth-weight prevalence was 29.3% (119/406) and 32.0% (129/403) in the intervention and comparison group. At 12–35 months of age, children born to women in the intervention group had significantly reduced risk of stunting (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.44–0.94), wasting (RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.33–0.97) and underweight (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.88).

Conclusions
These results indicate that functional integration and strengthening of routine antenatal care services including targeted nutritional counselling to expectant mothers can have distal beneficial effects on childhood undernutrition beyond the immediate post-natal period.
The role of flexible bronchoscope in the evaluation of chronic cough with and without wheeze in children
Authors: M.Elniny Ahmed , Razik Ahmed Mohamed Abdel , A.Abo-Elezz Ahmed , Elmeazawy Rehab , Youssef Amira , Hussein Mahitab Morsy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic cough in children is a challenging symptom for clinicians. So, we aimed in this study to evaluate the diagnostic role of flexible bronchoscope in differentiating between the underlying causes of chronic wet cough and chronic cough associated with wheeze.

Methods
This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on children referred to Tanta University Hospitals and Ain-Shams University Hospitals between January 2021 and January 2023, presenting with a primary complaint of chronic cough lasting more than 4 weeks. The children were further classified into two groups: the first group included children with chronic wet cough not associated with wheezing (Cohort A) and the second group included children with chronic cough associated with wheezing (Cohort B).

Results
The study enrolled 64 children. During clinical evaluation, 25 (39.1%) children had a chronic cough without wheezing and 39 (60.9%) had a chronic wheezy cough. Bronchoscopic examination findings indicated a notable disparity between the two groups of patients with chronic cough (p=0.006). Among Cohort A patients, the most prevalent bronchoscopic observation was purulent inflammatory secretions in 16 cases (64.0%), followed by congenital airway anomalies in 3 cases (12.0%). Conversely, Cohort B patients exhibited congenital airway anomalies as the primary finding in 14 cases (35.9%), followed by purulent secretions in 7 cases (17.9%).

Conclusion
Flexible bronchoscopy is a valuable and safe tool for diagnosing chronic cough in children. It helped differentiate between the underlying causes of chronic cough in children with and without wheezing.
Unveiling the potential of bacterial isolates from plastic-polluted environments: enhancement of polyhydroxybutyrate biodegradation
Authors: Herrera Diana A. Garza , Mojicevic Marija , Venkatesh Chaitra , Da Silva Pereira E. Henrique , Brennan-Fournet Margaret 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the biodegradation potential of microbial isolates focusing on their ability to utilize biopolymers as sole carbon source. Previously described isolates have been investigated through agar-based screen for the ability to degrade plastic-related substrates in powder form, and four strains have been selected for further assessment. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) films degradation was examined through liquid culture, soil burial, and respirometry assays. Structural and chemical alterations in PHB were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The most successful strains were tested for the ability to degrade PHB/bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) blends. Bacillus sp. DG90 excelled in PHB degradation, achieving 60% weight loss in liquid culture, while Streptomyces sp. DG19 exhibited a notable degradation rate of 51 ± 1.7%. Soil burial assays underscored the impact of environmental factors on degradation rates, emphasizing the role of soil composition and nitrogen availability. In respirometry assay, PHB films were severely defragmented by Streptomyces sp. DG19 with overall weight loss of 83%, while for Bacillus sp. DG90, this percentage reached 39%. FTIR and DSC analyses suggested potential hydrolysis and structural alterations in treated samples. This study observed rapid PHB degradation (83% in 3 weeks) while, considering the complex composition of modern biomaterials, also showcased the potential of examined strains to degrade PHB-BNC blends up to 85%.
SIK2 and SIK3 Differentially Regulate Mouse Granulosa Cell Response to Exogenous Gonadotropins In Vivo
Authors: Hayes Emily T , Hassan Mariam , Lakomy Oliwia , Filzen Rachael , Armouti Marah , Foretz Marc , Tsumaki Noriyuki , Takemori Hiroshi , Stocco Carlos 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), a family of serine/threonine kinases, were found to be critical determinants of female fertility. SIK2 silencing results in increased ovulatory response to gonadotropins. In contrast, SIK3 knockout results in infertility, gonadotropin insensitivity, and ovaries devoid of antral and preovulatory follicles. This study hypothesizes that SIK2 and SIK3 differentially regulate follicle growth and fertility via contrasting actions in the granulosa cells (GCs), the somatic cells of the follicle. Therefore, SIK2 or SIK3 GC-specific knockdown (SIK2GCKD and SIK3GCKD, respectively) mice were generated by crossing SIK floxed mice with Cyp19a1pII-Cre mice. Fertility studies revealed that pup accumulation over 6 months and the average litter size of SIK2GCKD mice were similar to controls, although in SIK3GCKD mice were significantly lower compared to controls. Compared to controls, gonadotropin stimulation of prepubertal SIK2GCKD mice resulted in significantly higher serum estradiol levels, whereas SIK3GCKD mice produced significantly less estradiol. Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, and StAR were significantly increased in the GCs of gonadotropin-stimulated SIK2GCKD mice. However, Cyp11a1 and StAR remained significantly lower than controls in SIK3GCKD mice. Interestingly, Cyp19a1 stimulation in SIK3GCKD was not statistically different compared to controls. Superovulation resulted in SIK2GCKD mice ovulating significantly more oocytes, whereas SIK3GCKD mice ovulated significantly fewer oocytes than controls. Remarkably, SIK3GCKD superovulated ovaries contained significantly more preantral follicles than controls. SIK3GCKD ovaries contained significantly more apoptotic cells and fewer proliferating cells than controls. These data point to the differential regulation of GC function and follicle development by SIK2 and SIK3 and supports the therapeutic potential of targeting these kinases for treating infertility or developing new contraceptives.
Conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes at a glance
Authors: Figueras-Novoa Carmen , Timimi Lewis , Marcassa Elena , Ulferts Rachel , Beale Rupert 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Autophagy refers to a set of degradative mechanisms whereby cytoplasmic contents are targeted to the lysosome. This is best described for macroautophagy, where a double-membrane compartment (autophagosome) is generated to engulf cytoplasmic contents. Autophagosomes are decorated with ubiquitin-like ATG8 molecules (ATG8s), which are recruited through covalent lipidation, catalysed by the E3-ligase-like ATG16L1 complex. LC3 proteins are ATG8 family members that are often used as a marker for autophagosomes. In contrast to canonical macroautophagy, conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes (CASM) describes a group of non-canonical autophagy processes in which ATG8s are targeted to pre-existing single-membrane compartments. CASM occurs in response to disrupted intracellular pH gradients, when the V-ATPase proton pump recruits ATG16L1 in a process called V-ATPase–ATG16L1-induced LC3 lipidation (VAIL). Recent work has demonstrated a parallel, alternative axis for CASM induction, triggered when the membrane recruitment factor TECPR1 recognises sphingomyelin exposed on the cytosolic face of a membrane and forms an alternative E3-ligase-like complex. This sphingomyelin–TECPR1-induced LC3 lipidation (STIL) is independent of the V-ATPase and ATG16L1. In light of these discoveries, this Cell Science at a Glance article summarises these two mechanisms of CASM to highlight how they differ from canonical macroautophagy, and from each other.