bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nichtlineare Spinorgleichungen und affiner Zusammenhang
Authors: Braunss G. 
Published: March 2015

It is shown that the non-linear term of the HEisENBERG-PAULi-equation can be interpreted as torsion of space-time in the following way. The wavefuinction is subjected to a (non-rigid) LORENTZ-transformation varying from point to point: ψ = Sψ'. If the matrix S=S(x) is chosen so that it satisfies the equation γλ(∂S/∂xλ) S-1+l2γλγ5 ψ̅ γλγ5ψ=0, than the non-linear term of the H.-P.-equation vanishes in the system x'; i. e.
with (∂xλ/∂xμ′) γμ=S-1 γλ S one has 0=γλ(∂ψ/∂xλ) +l2γλγ5 ψ ψ̅ γλ γ5 ψ ≡ S γμ (∂ψ'/∂xμ′). This result holds also in the case where the H.-P.-equation contains still a term with γλ ψ̅ γλ ψ and/or γλ Αλ (Aλ = electro-magnetic potential), provided Aλ satisfies the LoRENTz-condition ∂Aλ/∂xλ=0. The proof is a follows: Taking a representation of S in the DIRAC-ring, the equation which determines S splits into 8 equations. Between these equations there exist 2 identities (which correspond to the PAULI—GuRSEY-transformation resp. LoRENTz-condition); so one finally has 6 equations for the determination of the 6 parameters of S.
Fluoreszenzuntersuchungen und photochemische Primärprozesse im Vakuum-UV bei NH3, N2H4, PH3 und Reaktionen der elektronisch angeregten Radikale NH* (1 П ), NH* (3П), PH* (3/П)
Authors: Becker K. H. , Welge K. H. 
Published: March 2015

Im SCHUMANN-UV werden bei den Wellenlängen 1165, 1236, 1295 und 1470 A bei den Molekülen NH3, N2H4 und PH3 Photodissoziationen nachgewiesen und untersucht, die zu elektronisch angeregten Radikalen führen:
Das NH3-Molekül dissoziiert unterhalb 1470 Å u. a. nach NH3 +h ν → ΝΗ*(1Π, ν′= 0) + H2 . Bei Einstrahlung der Linien 1165, 1236 Å findet beim N2H4 eine Dissoziation unter Bildung von NH*(3Π, ν′ = 0) -Radikalen statt. Die Photodissoziation des PH3 ergibt bei allen vier Wellenlängen PH* (3Π, ν′ = 0)-Radikale.
Der NH3-Zerfall führt zu einer Rotationsverteilung der NH*(1Π, ν′= 0) -Radikale, die stark von der thermischen Gleichgewichtsverteilung abweicht. Die Gleichgewichtsverteilung läßt sich durch Argonzusatz einstellen.
Im Hinblick auf die photochemische Zersetzung von NH3, N2H4 und PH3 wird die Löschung der NH* (1Π) -, NH* (3Π) - und PH* (3Π) -Zustände durch Fremdgase (He, Ar, H2, N2) und die jeweiligen Muttermoleküle untersucht.
Das SCF-LCGO-Verfahren. 111. Das H3
+-Molekül
Authors: Preuss H. 
Published: March 2015

Die HF-Gesamtenergie des H3
+-Moleküls wurde bei einem gleichseitigen Dreieck der Protonen (minimale Energie), dessen Kernabstand R=1,62 at. E. beträgt, zu etwa —1,299 at. E. bestimmt. Mit Hilfe einer Interpolation der Korrelationsenergien von einigen zweielektronischen Atomen und Ionen sowie von H2 resultiert daraus ein bisher noch unbekannter Experimentalwert von —1,34 at. E., der mit Schätzungen anderer Autoren übereinstimmt.
Die Rechnungen wurden mit 20 Gauss-Funktionen durchgeführt, wobei jeweils vier (drei) in jedes Zentrum gesetzt wurden. Die sich aus dem SCF-LCGO-Verfahren ergebende Möglichkeit der Diskussion der Elektronendichte wird durchgeführt.
The Electrical Conductivity of Molten Lithium Molybdate
Authors: Kvist Arnold , Lundén Arnold 
Published: March 2015

The electrical conductivity of Li2MoO4 has been measured on both sides of the melting point in order to see whether this salt has a high temperature modification with properties similar to α-Li2SO4. This was found not to be the case. The temperature dependence of the conductivity was studied for the melt, giving
κ= —2.518 + 6.999·10-3 t-1.356·10-6 t2 Ω-1Q-1 cm-1 (704-950°C).
There is a discrepancy between our results and recent measurements by MORRIS and ROBINSON. Possible explanations are discussed.
Das Eutektikum InSb—Mg3Sb2
Authors: Müller A. , Wilhelm M. 
Published: March 2015

InSb und Mg3Sb2 bilden ein lamellares Eutektikum. Die eutektisdie Konzentration liegt bei 2,2 Gew.-Proz. Mg3Sb2.
Die Mg3Sb2-Lamellen verwachsen im eutektischen Gefüge mit {111}-Flächen von InSb. Es besteht Grund zur Annahme, daß die Verwachsungsflächen der Mg3Sb2-Lamellen (0001)-Ebenen im Gitter von α-Mg3Sb2 sind.
Die Abhängigkeit des Lamellenabstandes von der Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit wurde untersucht.
The Variation of the Adiabatic Invariant of the Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Knorr G. , Pfirsch D. 
Published: March 2015

The variation of the adiabatic invariant μ of a harmonic oscillator or gyrating particle in a time varying homogeneous magnetic field is given as an absolutely converging series. This solution is used to discuss the behaviour of the adiabatic invariant for slow and fast as well as small and large variations of the oscillator strength.
General estimates are obtained for the dependence of the oscillator strength which is twice differentiable or which is analytic. For the latter case it is found that Δμ tends to zero at least as exp [ — (2 d — ε)/α] for α → 0; 2 d is the width of the analytic strip of ω (α t); α characterizes the slowness of the variation and ε is any number 2 d &gt; ε &gt; 0.
Theorie der stoßfreien Plasmasäule unter Berücksichtigung des Wandverlustes
Authors: Ecker G. , Kanne H. 
Published: March 2015

The collision-free plasma column has been investigated without a magnetic field in the normal and subnormal region neglecting wall losses. This neglection simplifies the analysis appreciably since it allows to describe the electrons by a BOLTZMANN distribution. However, in the subnormal region and in strong magnetic fields the wall loss is a decisive factor. Therefore our investigation extends the theory including this effect.
Starting from the transport equations particle density and potential distributions as well as the current-voltage characteristic are found by numerical integration.
With increasing magnetic field the particle density profiles grow wider whereas the potential distribution grows flatter. These effects are particularly pronounced in the subnormal region. In this region the I/V-characteristic shows a negative slope, which for a given current decreases with increasing magnetic field.
Molecular Motion in Liquids and Solutions. II.
Authors: Krüger G. J. , Müller-Warmuth W. , Van Steenwinkel R. 
Published: March 2015

Two methods are utilized to study the relaxation behaviour and molecular motion in solutions of free radicals in toluene: the investigation of longitudinal and transversal solvent proton relaxation at a properly chosen frequency (48 MHz), and the determination of enhancement factors of the dynamic proton polarization over a large frequency range. The temperature dependence of the quantities concerned is measured between +70°C and —120°C.
The results can be interpreted in terms of a pure dipole-dipole interaction between proton and electron spins whose time dependence is provided by translational random motions of the molecules and rotational tumbling of associated complexes. The activation energies for both processes are 3.1 kcal/mole and 7.8 kcal/mole, respectively. The solvation is only very weak. The relative contribution of rotational tumbling is R=0.26, from which the average co-ordination number is estimated to be less than one.
K-Ar-Altersbestimmungen an Ultrabasiten des Baltischen Schildes
Authors: Kirsten T. , Gentner W. 
Published: March 2015

The K-Ar-ages of five ultrabasic rocks from the Baltic Shield were determined. K-Ar-ages of 3.7 to 8.8 x 109 y were obtained. Two samples were cut into fractions with different potassium content and a partial correlation of the argon content with the potassium content in the separated fractions was noticed. The question of extraneous argon causing higher age values is discussed. Taking into consideration the previous results obtained by GERLING et al., it may be said, that extremely high Ar40/K-ratios are the rule for ultrabasic rocks from the Baltic Shield. As a consequence of this fact, it is not likely that all these rocks have the age only of the precambrian pluton in which they are incorporated. Assuming that the alpinotype peridotites were transported upwards in the form of solid fractions from the upper mantle, it is possible, that actually radiogenic argon exists more or less in the sample.
The highest Ar40/K-ratios (according to ages ranging from 5.9 to 10.9 x 109 y) exhibit the samples with potassium contents below 100 ppm. Samples with potassium contents more than 1‰ have much smaller Ar40/K-ratios (according to ages from 4.2 to 5 x 109 y) . Excess argon probably causes the extremely high “ages” of more than 7 x 109 y. The ages from relative potassium-rich samples will eventuible show the true age. The most likely value for this age is 4.2 x 109 y, measured for a peridotite with 0.49% potassium content.
Untersuchungen der IR-Gruppenintensitäten einiger monosubstituierter Pyridin- und Benzolderivate
Authors: Joeckle R. , Schmid E. D. , Mecke R. 
Published: March 2015

Der Einfluß des Hetero-N-Atoms auf die Elektronendichteverteilung in Pyridin wurde bei einer Reihe von monosubstituierten Pyridin- und Benzolderivaten mit Hilfe vergleichender Messungen von Gruppenintensitäten IGr der im Substituenten lokalisierten Valenzschwingungen untersucht (Gr = CH3, CH2, CN und NH2). Neben einem Reichweiteeffekt ist ein stark alternierender Effekt auf IGr zu beobachten. Durch Einbau einer CH2-Gruppe zwischen Ring und funktioneller Gruppe (Φ —CH2—Gr) wird die Wirkung beider Effekte abgeschwächt. Verglichen mit der entsprechenden Benzolverbindung nimmt IGr monosubstituierter Pyridinderivate bei den Gruppen — CH3, — CH2 und — CN ab, bei — NH2 hingegen zu. Dieser Sachverhalt läßt sich u. E. folgendermaßen interpretieren: Das Hetero-N-Atom induziert auf Grund seiner Elektronenakzeptorwirkung in den Bindungsorbitalen Momente der Richtung A-—B+ (A sei das ringnahe Atom). Bei Gruppen der Polarität A-—B+ führt dies zu einer Erhöhung, bei Gruppen der Polarität A+—B- zu einer Verkleinerung des resultierenden Bindungsdipolmoments. Obwohl im allgemeinen kein einfacher Zusammenhang zwischen IGr und den Ableitungen der Bindungsdipolmomente (მμ/მR)j, Gr und den Bindungsdipolmomenten μj, Gr selbst besteht, gilt möglicherweise allgemein: Die Gruppenintensität nimmt als Folge der Akzeptorwirkung eines Heteroatoms ab, wenn die Polarität der in der Gruppe enthaltenen Bindungen A+—B- ist. Bei umgekehrter Polarität nimmt andererseits IGr zu. Die Größe der Änderungen hängt von der Art der Gruppe ab. Mit Hilfe der erhaltenen Gruppenintensitäten war es ferner möglich, dem Hetero-N-Atom des Pyridins folgende Substituentenparameter (ΗΑΜΜΕΤT-Konstanten) zuzuordnen:
σN, ortho = 0,68 ± 0,10; σN, meta = 0,33 ± 0,10; σN, para = 0,66 ± 0,10 .
The Internal Conversion Electron Spectrum of 147Nd
Authors: Bashandy E. , El-Haliem A. Abd 
Published: March 2015

The internal conversion electron spectrum following the β-decay of 147Nd has been studied using, an iron yoke and an iron free double focussing β-ray spectrometer at a momentum resolution of about 0.2%. A total of 66 transitions has been ascribed to this decay. On the basis of statistical analysis of sum relationships for the transition energies, combined with earlier reported coincidence results, a decay scheme involving 16 excited levels is suggested. The experimental data indicate a higher state at 763 keV. Its energy is close to the high state observed in other promethium nuclei.
The multipolarity assignment for each transition was obtained by comparing the observed conversion line intensity ratios with the theoretical line intensity ratios of SLIV and BAND. From the multipolarity values obtained, the spins and parities of the excited levels in 147Pm are assigned and discussed in terms of recent nuclear models.
K-Conversion Coefficients of Transitions in In114 and Cd114
Authors: El-Nesr M. S. , Awwad Z. , El-Aassar M. R. 
Published: March 2015

The K-conversion coefficients of the 192 keV isomeric transition in In114 and the 556 and 722 keV transitions in Cd114 have been measured for the first time by means of a high resolution double focusing β-ray spectrometer, using the internal-external conversion method. The results obtained are:
αk (192 keV-In114) = 2.3653 ± 0.3075,
in excellent agreement with the theoretical value 2.4638 for pure E4 transition calculated by SLIV and BAND, and
αK (556 keV-Cd114) = 0.00419 ± 0.00046,
αK (722 keV - Cd114) = 0.00207 ± 0.00025,
both results in excellent agreement with the theoretical values for pure electric quadrupole radiation 0.00432 and 0.00218 respectively computed by SLIV and BAND. These data confirm the essentially pure E4 character of the 5 + → 1 +, 192 keV transition in In114 and the pure E2 character of the 4 + → 2 +, 722 keV and 2 + → 0 +, 556 keV transitions in Cd114. The conversion coefficient measurements reported here in Cd114 and In114 (Z=48 and 49) and in earlier studies (Z=22 - 28 and 56) indicate that E2-conversion coefficients in the Z region below 60 are in good agreement with theory.
Schalenmodellrechnungen beim Kern O18 mit geschwindigkeitsabhängigen Zwei-Teilchen-Potentialen
Authors: Grote Hans 
Published: March 2015

The energies of the low lying levels and the absolute position of the ground state of the nucleus O18 are calculated using five velocity-dependent potentials. The calculation is based on the shell model with two outer neutrons in the potential of the Ο16 core. The interaction potential as well as the core potential are fitted to experimental data, leaving no free parameters in the final result.
The wave functions of the harmonic oscillator are used in each case of the five velocity-dependent potentials. An additional computation is carried out using one of these potentials and taking into account the perturbation of the wave functions. It turns out that, for satisfactory application of the velocity-dependent potentials in shell model calculations, this perturbation should be considered.
Zerfallszeiten von Molekülionen. II
Authors: Hertel I. , Ottinger Ch. 
Published: March 2015

The previously described apparatus for the measurement of decomposition times of short-lived organic ions has been modified. With the improved version the accessible range of times between ionization and decomposition extends now from about 5·10-9 sec to 5·10-6 sec, although in one case times as short as 3 · 10-9 sec could be distinguished. The substances studied were benzonitrile, n-butane, n-heptane and benzene. The logarithm of the differentially measured decomposition rate was plotted versus the logarithm of the time. All of these plots were found to be straight lines, indicating approximate decomposition laws di/dt ∼ t-r. From the empirical parameter r the distribution of rate constants contributing to the overall decay was evaluated. This distribution led to a determination of the function k(E) which describes the increase of the rate constant k with increasing internal energy E in the ion and is an important molecular property, hitherto only calculable under various assumptions. The calibration of the energy scale of k(E) was based on previous measurements of ionization curves of “normal” and “metastable” fragments. The k(E)-curves for butane and heptane are compared with the most recent experimental and theoretical breakdown curves, with generally good agreement with regard to the energy scale and relative rate constants. The absolute magnitude of the rate constants is surprisingly small and the rise with energy quite slow. It appears that for the decomposition of benzonitrile no rate constants larger than 5·108 sec-1 occur. The amount of fragmentation taking place in times shorter than 10-8 sec was accordingly found to be much smaller than generally assumed; in benzonitrile only 35% of all mass 76 fragments present after 10-6 sec are formed within the first 10-8 sec.
For butane and heptane partial mass spectra for an observation time of 10-8 sec could be evaluated. They are significantly different from the ordinary mass spectra due to different decomposition laws for different fragments.
For benzonitrile, the decomposition function was also measured for different electron energies, starting near threshold. The expected result, a decreasing contribution from high rate constants with decreasing Uel, was established and also reproduced by a calculation.
Interference Functions, Pair Distribution Functions and Electron Transport Properties of Liquid Mercury-Indium Alloys
Authors: Halder N.C. , Wagner C.N.J. 
Published: March 2015

X-ray diffraction patterns of liquid Hg-In alloys with 5, 12, 25, 35, 42, 50 and 62 atomic percent In were measured at room temperature (25°C). The interference and radial distribution functions, I(K) and 4 π r2 ρ(r), respectively, were refined by an error analysis program. The position K1=4π sin Θ1/λ of the first peak maximum of I(K) does not change upon alloying, i. e., K1=2.29 A-1. The interference function of In plotted in reduced coordinates K/K1 agrees with that calculated from the hard sphere model with a packing density of 45%. A small asymmetry of the first peak towards larger K values might be discernible in In, whereas the Hg and Hg-In interference functions show a relatively large asymmetry, and their subsequent peaks appear at larger K/K1 values than those of the hard sphere model and In. The interatomic distances r1 and the numbers of electrons ηE in the first coordination shell show only a small deviation from a linear relationship when plotted as a function of concentration.
Since 1(K) for K<2 kF, where kF is the FERMI radius, are rather similar for Hg, In and all measured alloys, the electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power were evaluated using the random model and ANIMALU and HEINE pseudopotentials. The predicted resistivity was found to increase from 30µΩcm for pure Hg to 43 µΩcm for 35 atomic per cent In alloy and then to decrease to 24 µΩcm for pure In. The measured values of the resistivity decrease from 96 µΩcm for Hg to 30 µΩcm for pure In. Beyond the first eutectic composition, i. e., about 35 atomic per cent In concentration, the predicted resistivity curve decreases similarly to the measured resistivity curve. The discrepancy is attributed to the low density of states for Hg at the FERMI level. The predicted thermoelectric power decreases gradually from 1.22 µV/°K for pure Hg to 0.23 µV/°K for 62 atomic per cent In alloy, the value for pure In being 0.59 µV/°K. The measured values of thermoelectric power at 100°C decrease first from -6.5 µV/°K for pure Hg to -7.1 µV/°K for 5 atomic per cent In alloy and then increase to -0.7µV/°K for pure In. The discrepancy in the predicted values has been attributed to the energy dependence term of the pseudopotentials near the FERMI surface, particularly for pure Hg.
Properties of High Lying Levels in 199Au
Authors: Bashandy E. , El-Sayad G. M. 
Published: March 2015

The energy level spectrum of 199Au excited in the decay of the 30 min activity of 199Pt was investigated by means of a high resolution, double focussing β-ray spectrometer. The K- and L-conversion ratios of the 196 and 221 keV γ rays show that both are pure E2 transitions. The internal K-conversion coefficients of the 541, 790 and 960 keV γ rays were determined by the internalexternal conversion method, and the following results were obtained:
αK (541) =0.059 ± 0.007; αK (790) =0.023 ± 0.003; αK (960) = 0.062 ± 0.008.
The multipolarity assignments of these transitions were studied on the basis of the conversion coefficients. These data and the studies of other workers were combined to obtain the spins and parities 5/2 +, 1/2 +, 3/2 + and 9/2 + for the 541, 737, 790 and 960 keV levels in 199Au.
Beugung langsamer Elektronen an Oktaederflächen von Magnetit
Authors: Szostak R. , Molière K. 
Published: March 2015

A (111) face of a Fe3O4 crystal, after heating to 800°C and cooling down in the ultra-high vacuum of the LEED apparatus, gives a pattern in which the stronger reflection spots of the magnetite structure are surrounded by weak satellites, arranged in a narrow hexagonal network. These may be interpreted as due to multiple diffraction on the Fe3O4-substrate and a very thin (111) layer of a different cubic structure extended epitaxially on the magnetite surface. The lattice constant of the layer would be approximately 53.5% of that of the substrate. - If oxygen (100 · 10-6 Torr · sec) at room temperature is given into the apparatus the satellites disappear and only the magnetic spots are to be seen in the LEED pattern. - The two patterns may be reproduced alternately by heating and oxidizing in the described manner as often as one likes to repeat the cycle.
The surface layer produced by heating in the UHV may be tentatively attributed to a (111) film of a cubic structure similar to that of FeO, having an anomalous lattice parameter parallel to the surface, expanded by 4.5% in comparison with a (111) netplane of a bulk FeO crystal.
Notizen: Diffusion of Silver in Solid Lithium Metal
Authors: Ott A. , Nordén-Ott A. 
Published: March 2015

The diffusion of Ag110m in lithium has been measured, using a thin film plating and sectioning method, between 67° and 160 °C. The data fit the Arrhenius relation
D=D0·exp(—Q/R T),
where
D0=0.37±0.13 cm2 sec-1 and Q=12.83 ±0.25 kcal·mol—1.
There are reasons to believe that diffusion takes place by a highly relaxed or cooperative mechanism. The difference in activation energy between Ag tracer diffusion in Li and Li self-diffusion is very small.
Bedingungen für das Auftreten von Ferromagnetismus in realen Gasen
Authors: Braeter H. , Gruner R. , Heber G. 
Published: March 2015

We consider a gas consisting of particles (molecules) with spin 1/2 and vanishing electrical charge. We assume the existence of spin-dependent two-body-potentials of interaction between these particles. Our aim is to establish conditions for the appearance of ferromagnetism in such systems.
Calculations are done for a modified Lennard-Jones-type two-body-potential. The sum-over states is expanded with respect to cluster-integrals which are approximately calculated up to the fourth order. Cluster of higher order seem to give only uniportant contributions to the conditions mentioned. The conditions for ferrmagnetism are fulfilled, if the density of the gas is higher and the temperature lower than some critical values. The dependence of magnetization on temperature is given and some considerations regarding the equation of state are made. It is supposed that liquids of the same composition and interaction will also show ferromagnetism. The results seem to hold also for potentials which are not of the Lennard-Jones-type, but have the appropriate spin-dependence.
On the Fluctuation Model of Diffusion in Liquid Metals
Authors: Swalin R. A. 
Published: March 2015

In this paper further considerations has been given to the fluctuation model of diffusion, and equations have been derived which express the self-diffusivity of liquid metals as a function of temperature and pressure. For liquid metals which are characterized by pair potentials which are relatively deep compared with k T, D is predicted to vary in a linear fashion with T at constant volume. At constant pressure, the apparent activation energy is predicted to be equial to R T+R(β/β)T2 where β is the isothermal compressibility and β' is its temperature derivative. Further, the variation in the logarithm of D with respect to pressure is predicted to be equal to [ (1/2.3)β] (∂β/∂P) T . A test of the equations for liquid mercury shows good correlation between theory and experiment. For liquid metals which are characterized by a shallow well in terms of the pair potential, no simple statements can be made concerning the nature of the temperature dependence, and simple approximations cannot be made. A test of the derived equations is made for liquid sodium which fits this case and for which good pair potential data exist, and good agreement is obtained at 373 °K. The temperature dependence of D as a function of T at constant volume is derived, but cannot be tested because of insufficient experimental data.
The case of thermodiffusion is discussed, and it is shown that experimental values of the heat of transport are consistent with predictions of the theory.