bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of research on salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Shing Lisa , Rees Terry , Wright John 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsing saliva for disease diagnostics and health surveillance is a promising approach as collecting saliva is relatively easy and non‐invasive. Over the past two decades, using salivary biomarkers specifically for early cancer detection has attracted much research interest, especially for cancers occurring in the oral cavity and oropharynx, for which the five‐year survival rate (62%) is still one of the lowest among all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the standard method for detection is through a comprehensive clinical examination by oral healthcare professionals. Despite the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible, most OSCCs are not diagnosed until an advanced stage, which is believed to be the major reason for the low survival rate, and points to the urgent need for clinical diagnostic aids for early detection of OSCC. Thus, much research effort has been dedicated to investigating potential salivary biomarkers for OSCC, and more than 100 such biomarkers have been reported in the literature. However, some important issues and challenges have emerged that require solutions and further research in order to find reliable OSCC salivary biomarkers for clinical use. This review article provides an up‐to‐date list of potential OSCC salivary biomarkers reported as of the fall of 2013, and discusses those emerging issues. By raising the awareness of these issues on the part of both researchers and clinicians, it is hoped that reliable, specific and sensitive salivary biomarkers may be found soon—and not only biomarkers for early OSCC detection but also for detecting other types of cancers or even for monitoring non‐cancerous disease activity.
Vitamin D deficiency and risk of acute lung injury in severe sepsis and severe trauma: a case-control study
Authors: Barnett Nicolas , Zhao Zhiguo , Koyama Tatsuki , Janz David R , Wang Chen-Yu , May Addison K , Bernard Gordon R , Ware Lorraine B 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels at the onset of critical illness and the development of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in patients with sepsis or trauma.

Methods
We performed two nested case-control studies of 478 patients with sepsis and trauma with or without ALI/ARDS admitted to the medical, surgical and trauma ICUs of a tertiary-care center. Cases consisted of patients with either sepsis or trauma and ALI/ARDS; controls consisted of equivalent numbers of matched patients with either sepsis or trauma alone. We measured serum 25-OHD levels the morning after ICU admission and used multivariable regression to assess the relationship between 25-OHD and diagnosis of ALI/ARDS during the first four ICU days, controlling for age, gender, diabetes, smoking status and season.

Results
25-OHD levels did not differ between cases with ALI/ARDS and controls in either the sepsis or trauma cohorts. Using a conditional logistic regression model, sepsis patients during the winter season with higher 25-OHD levels were more likely to develop acute lung injury (odds ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval of 1.05 to 2.69, P = 0.03). This association did not hold for the trauma cohort in either season. Sepsis and trauma patients had a lower risk of hospital mortality at higher 25-OHD levels but neither relationship reached significance. Higher one-year mortality after trauma was associated with lower 25-OHD levels (HR 0.50, CI 0.35,0.72 P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Serum 25-OHD measured early after admission to intensive care is not associated with the development of acute lung injury, hospital or one-year mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis although lower 25-OHD levels were associated with higher one-year mortality in patients with severe trauma.
Relative labor supply in intermarriage
Authors: Nottmeyer Olga 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Spouse’s relative labor supply and the degree of specialization in intermarriage might differ from that in immigrant and native marriage for several reasons. Intermarried couples may specialize less due to smaller comparative advantages resulting from positive assortative mating by education, and due to different bargaining positions within the household. The empirical analysis relies on panel data using a two limit Random Effects Tobit framework to identify determinants of a gender-neutral specialization index. Results indicate that for immigrants intermarriage is indeed related to less specialization, as is similar education levels of spouses, while children and being Muslim or Islamic are associated with greater specialization. For natives, on the other hand, the likelihood to specialize increases with intermarriage. This might result from differences in bargaining strength or be due to adaptation to immigrants’ gender roles.

JEL classification

J1, J12.
Dose-escalation of human anti-interferon-α receptor monoclonal antibody MEDI-546 in subjects with systemic sclerosis: a phase 1, multicenter, open label study
Authors: Goldberg Avram , Geppert Thomas , Schiopu Elena , Frech Tracy , Hsu Vivien , Simms Robert W , Peng Stanford L , Yao Yihong , Elgeioushi Nairouz , Chang Linda , Wang Bing , Yoo Stephen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Type I interferons (IFNs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). MEDI-546 is an investigational human monoclonal antibody directed against the type I IFN receptor. This Phase 1 study evaluated the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single and multiple intravenous doses of MEDI-546 in adults with SSc.

Methods
Subjects (≥18 years) with SSc were enrolled in an open-label, dose-escalation study to receive single (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mg/kg), or 4 weekly intravenous doses (0.3, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg/week) of MEDI-546. Subjects were followed for 12 weeks. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), laboratory results, and viral monitoring. Blood samples were collected from all subjects for determination of PK, presence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), and expression of type I IFN-inducible genes.

Results
Of 34 subjects (mean age 47.4 years), 32 completed treatment and 33 completed the study. Overall, 148 treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) were reported (68.9% mild, 27.7% moderate). TEAEs included one grade 1 infusion reaction (5.0 mg/kg/week multiple dose). Of 4 treatment-emergent serious AEs (skin ulcer, osteomyelitis, vertigo, and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)), only CML (1.0 mg/kg/week multiple dose) was considered possibly treatment-related. MEDI-546 exhibited non-linear PK at lower doses. ADAs were detected in 5 subjects; no apparent impact on PK was observed. Peak inhibition of the type I IFN signature in whole blood was achieved within 1 day and in skin after 7 days.

Conclusion
The safety/tolerability, PK, and PD profiles observed in this study support further clinical development of MEDI-546.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00930683
Thyroid Function Within the Normal Range and the Risk of Depression: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Medici Marco , Direk Nese , Visser W. Edward , Korevaar Tim I. M. , Hofman Albert , Visser Theo J. , Tiemeier Henning , Peeters Robin P. 
Published: February 2014

Context:
Overt hypo- and hyperthyroidism are associated with an increased risk of depression. Little is known about the effects of variation in thyroid function within the normal range on the risk of depression.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to examine the association between normal-range thyroid function and the risk of depression.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
This was a cohort study in 1503 Dutch men and women, aged 70.6 (7.3) (mean [SD]) years. At baseline, serum TSH, thyroperoxidase antibody levels, and depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)] were assessed. A CES-D of 16 or greater is indicative of a depressive disorder. During follow-up (mean 8.0 y), participants were continuously monitored for the occurrence of incident depressive syndromes (n = 156).

Results:
Cross-sectionally, persons in the lowest TSH tertile (0.3–1.0 mU/L) had more depressive symptoms [CES-D score (mean): 7.95 vs 6.63, P = .014] as well as an increased risk of a CES-D of 16 or greater [10.7% vs 5.0%, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.22 (1.18–4.17)], compared with persons in the highest normal range TSH tertile (1.6–4.0 mU/L). In the prospective analyses, persons in the lowest TSH tertile who were depression free at baseline had a higher risk of incident depressive syndromes [12.3% vs 7.6%, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.85 (1.10–3.11)]. Thyroid autoimmunity (thyroperoxidase antibody positivity) was not associated with CES-D scores or incident depressive syndromes.

Conclusions:
Elderly persons with low-normal TSH levels have more concurrent depressive symptoms as well as a substantially increased risk of developing a depressive syndrome in the subsequent years. This study identifies low-normal TSH as an important risk factor for depression in the elderly.
Stability of tautological bundles on the Hilbert scheme of two points on a surface
Authors: Wandel Malte 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLet (X, H) be a polarized smooth projective surface satisfyingH1(Χ, OΧ) = 0, and letƑbe either a rank 1 torsion-free sheaf or a rank 2μH-stable vector bundle onΧ. Assume thatc1(Ƒ) ≠ 0. This article shows that the rank 2—respectively, rank 4—tautological sheafƑ[2]associated withƑon the Hilbert squareΧ[2]isμ-stable with respect to a certain polarization.
Simple normal crossing Fano varieties and log Fano manifolds
Authors: Fujita Kento 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA projective log variety (X, D) is called a log Fano manifold if X is smooth and if D is a reduced simple normal crossing divisor on Χ with − (KΧ + D) ample. The n-dimensional log Fano manifolds (X, D) with nonzero D are classified in this article when the log Fano index r of (X, D) satisfies either r ≥ n/2 with ρ(X) ≥ 2 or r ≥ n − 2. This result is a partial generalization of the classification of logarithmic Fano 3-folds by Maeda.
Coordinating Inventory Control and Pricing Strategies Under Batch Ordering
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Youhua (Frank) , Zhou Yun 
Published: February 2014

In this paper we investigate joint pricing and inventory control problems in a finite-horizon, single-product, periodic-review setting with certain/uncertain supply capacities. The demands in different periods are random variables whose distributions depend on the posted price exhibiting the additive form. The order quantity in each period is required to be of integral multiples of a given specific batch size (denoted by Q). Inventory replenishment incurs a linear ordering cost. Referred to as the cost-rate function, the sum of holding and backorder costs can either be convex or quasi-convex. The objective is to determine a joint ordering and pricing decision that can maximize the total expected profit over the planning horizon. We first consider the case in which the cost-rate function is convex and show that the modified (r, Q) list-price policy is optimal for the system with certain and limited capacities, a special case of which is the (r, Q) list-price policy when capacities become unlimited. As supply capacities become random, the optimal policy follows a new structure wherein the optimal order-up-to level and posted price must be coordinated to make the optimal safety stock level follow the (r, Q) policy. We further consider the case of a quasi-convex cost-rate function, which may arise when a service level constraint is used as a surrogate for the shortage cost. We demonstrate that the (r, Q) list-price policy is optimal for the system without supply capacity constraints. In addition, extensions to several other models are discussed. The enabling technique is based on the notion of Q-jump convexity and its variants.
Transferring diffractive optics from research to commercial applications: Part II – size estimations for selected markets
Authors: Brunner Robert 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In a series of two contributions, decisive business-related aspects of the current process status to transfer research results on diffractive optical elements (DOEs) into commercial solutions are discussed. In part I, the focus was on the patent landscape. Here, in part II, market estimations concerning DOEs for selected applications are presented, comprising classical spectroscopic gratings, security features on banknotes, DOEs for high-end applications, e.g., for the semiconductor manufacturing market and diffractive intra-ocular lenses. The derived market sizes are referred to the optical elements, itself, rather than to the enabled instruments. The estimated market volumes are mainly addressed to scientifically and technologically oriented optical engineers to serve as a rough classification of the commercial dimensions of DOEs in the different market segments and do not claim to be exhaustive.
An inverse spectral problem for a star graph of Krein strings
Authors: Eckhardt Jonathan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

We solve an inverse spectral problem for a star graph of Krein strings, where the known spectral data comprises the spectrum associated with the whole graph, the spectra associated with the individual edges as well as so-called coupling matrices.
In particular, we show that these spectral quantities uniquely determine the weight within the class of Borel measures on the graph, which give rise to trace class resolvents.
Furthermore, we obtain a concise characterization of all possible spectral data for this class of weights.
Cesarean section and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies – a meta-analysis
Authors: Klar Maximilian , Michels Karin B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background: Despite an increase in the number of cesarean deliveries conducted worldwide, meta-analyses on the long-term effect of cesarean section (CS) on subsequent placental disorders are sparse.

Objective: To examine the association between CS and three major types of placental disorders (placental abruption, placenta previa, and placenta accreta with its variants increta/percreta) in subsequent pregnancies.

Search strategy: We followed the MOOSE consensus statement for meta-analyses of observational studies and searched the PubMed database for observational studies published between January 1990 and July 2011 for examining the association between CS and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies, without focusing on the effect of increasing number of CSs.

Selection criteria: We included studies which provided adjusted measures of association for multiparous singleton-pregnant women with one of the three outcomes and information about prior mode of delivery.

Data collection and analysis: Five cohort and 11 case-control studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. We combined the results of the included cohort and case-control studies as no significant heterogeneity was found across the studies.

Main results: The calculated summary odds ratio was 1.47 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.44–1.51) for placenta previa, 1.96 (95% CI: 1.41–2.74) for placenta accreta, and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.35–1.41) for placental abruption.

Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, cesarean delivery appeared as a consistently reported risk factor for all three major forms of placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies.
Application of NIR-Photopolymers in the Graphic Industry: From Physical Chemistry to Lithographic Applications
Authors: Strehmel Bernd , Ernst Steffen , Reiner Knut , Keil Dietmar , Lindauer Heike , Baumann Harald 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This contribution discusses photoinitiated crosslinking of
multifunctional acrylic esters in polymeric binders based on digital
imaging using the Computer to Plate (CtP) technology applying laser
exposure at 830 nm in the near infrared (NIR). All coating
components (NIR photoinitiator system, monomers, binder, adhesion
promoter, contrast dye, and oxygen barrier material) were applied as
thin double layer film (1–2 μm dry film thickness)
on Al-plates with an anodized surface. Materials exposed exhibit
a sensitivity between 30–200 mJ/cm2 depending on the
NIR-photoinitiator composition. This was processed in a weak aqueous
alkaline bath to obtain the image. Generation of initiating radicals
occurs by electron transfer from the excited state of the
NIR-sensitizer to the radical generator; that is either an onium salt
or neutral electron deficient compound. Redox potentials were
determined for the NIR-sensitizers and the radical generator. These
data allow a rough estimate regarding the free energy of electron
transfer of the excited state of the sensitizer and radical generator
in NIR-photosensitive imaging material. Photoinduced electron transfer
plays a major function to generate initiating radicals by a sensitized
mechanism but thermal events also influence sensitivity of the
coating. Particular the non-radiative deactivation of the
NIR-sensitizer possesses a major function to release selectively the
heat. Absorption data of many NIR-sensitizers used exhibit molar
extinction coefficient of more than
200000 M
–1 cm
–1.
Characterization of Microstructural Susceptibility by Color Tint Etching in a Friction Stir Welded Trip-780 Steel
Authors: Perez-Medina G.Y. , Zambrano P. , Reyes-Valdés F.A. , López H.F. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of friction stir welding (FSW) on the resultant microstructures in the welded nugget (WN), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) of a TRIP-780 steel was investigated in this work. Color tint etching was used in the welded regions to disclose the exhibited microstructural constituents. In addition, significant fine grain size material was found in the WN regions. It was found that is considered to have experienced severe plastic deformation due to interaction with the welding tool pin lead to a drop in mechanical properties. Lap shear tensile testing indicated that the steel shear tension strength in the welded condition dropped compared with the BM. Microhardness profiles of the welded regions indicated that the hardness in both the WN and TMAZ were relatively elevated suggesting the development of martensite in these regions. In particular, the WN was found to shear fracture with uniformly distributed elongation shear dimples.
Methodology for Measurement of Residual Stress in Welded Joints by the Technique of Pulse-Echo Ultrasound
Authors: Ballesteros-Hinojosa A. , Ruíz- Mondragón J.J. , Acevedo-Dávila J. , Macias-Lopez F. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRecently they have discovered a large number of oil wells, however these are found in deeper waters. So it is necessary to develop a repair's methodology and inspection for this type of system to prove its operation. This research was focused to establish a methodology for evaluating residual stress generated from the application of solder in a subsea environment, in order to establish whether there is a relationship between residual stress and the depth of the sea. For this purpose was used underwater electrodes (UW -CS- 1) and an API 5L X65 steel to the development of underwater welds, which was welded at 10 and 15 meters depth by a diver welder on site. The measurement of residual stress is developed using non-destructive techniques, the first one was ultrasound technique (UT) which was the technique proposed by viability to being applied in site and as a second option, was applied X-ray diffraction (XRD), with the objective to validate the results obtained by ultrasound technician. The results showed a similar behavior between both non-destructive techniques. In this study was observed the tendency to increase the level of residual stress with increasing the work depth.
Effect of Minor Alloying Element on Dispersing Nano-particles in ODS Steel
Authors: Uchidi Y. , Ohnuki S. , Hashimoto N. , Suda T. , Nagai T. , Shibayama T. , Hamada K. , Akasaka N. , Yamashita S. , Ohstuka S. , Yoshitake T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFrom the irradiation resistance and high-temperature strength, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are candidate materials for advanced and fusion reactors. For the development of advanced steels the key issue is to homogenize nano-particles into matrix. Recent studies have indicated that Ti addition can homogenize Y-Ti complex particles into ferrite matrix, but the reason of the effect of additional elements has not been clarified. In this model study, we focus on the effect of additional elements, such as IV and V families and other oxide formers, which can control potentially the distribution of the oxide particles. The materials used in this study were based on Fe-9Cr-Y2O3 alloys which were mechanical alloyed (MA) from the powder of Fe, Cr and Y2O3, which was added systematically with the element of Ti, Zr, Ta, V, Nb, Hf, Al, Si and others. Usually ODS fabrication process is required for hot extrusion, but we annealed up to 1150 C for simplify the microstructure. To evaluate the distribution of ODS particles; we used TEM equipped with EDS after electro-polishing or FIB techniques. (1) In the case of Si or Al addition, oxides were disappeared after MA process, which means Y2O3 and other elements should be in solution at non-equilibrium condition. Two types of oxides of Y2O3 and Al2O3 or SiO2 developed after the annealing at 850 C, but only complex oxides were developed after the annealing at 1150 C. This result suggests that the oxide formation is independent process for Y and Si or Al. (2) In the case of Ti addition, oxides also were disappeared after MA process, but developed after annealing at 1150 C. This means that Ti can stabilize complex oxides of Y and Ti, and enhance the fine distribution of the oxides comparing with simple Fe-9Cr-Y2O3 alloy.
Evaluation of the accuracy of neurologic data, survey radiographic results, or both for localization of the site of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation in dogs
Authors: Murakami Tsuyoshi , Feeney Daniel A. , Willey Jennifer L. , Carlin Bradley P. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the accuracy of neurologic data, survey radiographic results, or both for localization of the site of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation in dogs.
Sample—338 dogs with surgically confirmed intervertebral disk herniation from disk spaces T10–11 to L6–7.
Procedures—Medical records and archived survey radiographs were reviewed for each case. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression models. Three models were fit to develop subsets of the data consisting of survey radiographic data, neurologic examination data, and a combination of survey radiographic and neurologic examination data. The resulting models were validated by evaluating predictive performance against a validation subset of the data.
Results—Models incorporating survey radiographic data and a combination of survey radiographic and neurologic data had similar predictive ability and performed better than the model based solely on neurologic data but resulted in substantial errors in predictions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A combination of neurologic examination data as recorded in the medical records and radiographic data did not enhance predictive performance of multivariable logistic regression models over models limited to radiographic data. Neurologic and radiographic findings should not be used to completely exclude areas in an abnormal spinal cord region from further evaluation with advanced imaging.