bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overflow System PM10 Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 201A PM10 Sizing Cyclones
Authors: Boykin Clif , Buser Michael , Whitelock Derek , Holt Gregory 
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on EPA emission factors for particulate matter with a particle diameter nominally less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10). The 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors were assigned quality ratings, from A (Excellent) to E (Poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Emission factor quality ratings for cotton gins were extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because they were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional PM10 emission factor data for overflow systems at cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt based on EPA-approved stack sampling methodology, Method 201A. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins across the cotton belt. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Three of the seven gins had overflow systems where the exhaust airstreams were not combined with other major systems. Another sampled gin had an overflow system where the exhaust was combined with a trash handling system prior to the cyclone. In terms of capacity, the three gins were typical of the industry, averaging 24.8 bales/h during testing. Some test runs, included in the analyses, had cotton lint fibers that collected in the ≤ 10 µm samples. This larger lint material can affect the reported emissions data, but EPA Method 201A does not suggest methods to account for these anomalies. The overflow system average emission factors for PM10 and total particulate were 0.013 kg/227-kg bale (0.029 lb/500-lb bale) and 0.033 kg/bale (0.072 lb/bale), respectively. The system average PM10 emission factor was higher than the emission factor currently published in EPA AP-42, whereas the system average total particulate emission factor was about equal to the AP-42 factor. Overflow system PM10 emission rate test averages ranged from 0.12 to 0.42 kg/h (0.26-0.93 lb/h). The ratio of overflow system PM10 to total particulate was 40.3%.
A Multiyear Study on Seasonal Flight Activity Based on Captures of Southern Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Blacklight Traps in Central Texas
Authors: Lopez Jr. J.D. , Latheef M.A. , Hoffmann W. Clint 
Published: June 2024

The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.)(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is cosmopolitan in distribution and feeds on many cultivated plants. On cotton, it reduces yield and transmits fungal and bacterial pathogens that result in necrosis of the locule and boll rotting. Objectives of this study were to determine the seasonal flight activity and to assess numerical changes in the season-long captures of N. viridula in blacklight traps. Traps were established in a commercial farmscape where cotton and corn were the predominant crops. Minor crops grown in the area were milo, soybean, pecan, and watermelon. Study areas included four to five locations during each year from 2003 to 2011 in Burleson County of Central Texas. Frequency distribution of seasonal counts of N. viridula conformed to a clumped dispersion pattern when analyzed by Taylor’s Power Law and negative binomial distribution as probability models. Counts transformed by a power law function, x0.165, adequately uncoupled the mean and the variance of the data better than those transformed by log transformation. Significantly and consistently, more females than males were captured in traps. Peak captures of N. viridula in traps generally occurred in August. August counts of the insect declined precipitously from a monthly mean of 177 in 2003 to near zero in 2011. Results of this study demonstrate that blacklight traps are a useful sampling tool for determining N. viridula population numbers and to assess their seasonal flight activity in production agriculture.
Seed Size and Oil Content Are Key Determinants of Seedling Vigor in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Snider John , Collins Guy , Whitaker Jared , Chapman Kent , Horn Patrick , Grey Timothy 
Published: June 2024

Despite the plethora of information on seed characteristics and seedling vigor in cotton, the near-continuous release of new cultivars coupled with limited information on seedling vigor for field conditions necessitates re-evaluation of seed characteristics important for vigorous seedling growth and plant establishment. Consequently, seedling vigor (fresh weight at the 2 to 3 leaf stage) and stand establishment were evaluated for 11 cotton cultivars across five locations in Georgia during the 2012 growing season. Seed size, seed oil content, and seed protein content were also evaluated for each cultivar. Cultivar differences in seedling vigor existed under field conditions for the genotypes evaluated. Genotypic correlations and regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between oil (%) and protein contents for quiescent seeds (r2 = 0.945). Additionally, positive relationships were observed between seedling vigor and total seed oil content (r2 = 0.573), and seedling vigor and seed size (r2 = 0.642). Cultivar differences existed in germination responses to incubation time and temperature, but these responses were not necessarily predictive of seedling vigor. These data indicate that information on seed oil content and seed size could help identify cultivars or seed sources with potential for high seedling vigor for use in production scenarios where reduced seedling vigor may limit productivity.
Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Effects on Lint Yield of Cotton Cultivars Across Major Regions in the U.S. Cotton Belt
Authors: Zeng Linghe , Meredith Jr. William , Campbell Benjamin , Dever Jane , Zhang Jinfa , Glass Kathryn , Jones Andrea , Myers Gerald , Bourland Fred 
Published: June 2024

Analysis of genotype (G)-by-environment (E) interactions and their influence on performance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars can help cotton breeders improve performance stability of cultivars across environments. Data from multi-location trials of the Regional High Quality Tests conducted as part of the USDA-ARS National Cotton Variety Tests during 2003 and 2009 were used to analyze G × E and relationships among test locations for megaenvironments. The trials were located in the Western, Plains, Central, Delta, and Eastern regions of the U.S. Cotton Belt. Effects of G × location for lint yield were either larger or comparable to the effects of G × year. The relationships among test locations were analyzed in GGE biplot and no clear megaenvironments were identified among test locations across years. Nevertheless, the locations of Las Cruces, NM in the Western and Lubbock, TX in the Plains test regions were identified as distinct from the test locations in the other areas. It was hypothesized that the environments in the U.S. Cotton Belt belonged to one megaenvironment with the areas in the Western and Plains as a subregion. The daily minimum temperature was significantly correlated to environment scores of the first principal component axis with r values -0.41 and -0.30 for the early and late growing seasons, respectively. This result suggests that genetic improvement of cotton cultivars for tolerance to low temperature during the early and late growing season could increase yield stability.
OPTIMALISASI TATA LETAK RAK DAN LOKASI SIMPAN BOKS ARSIP UNTUK MENJAGA EFEKTIVITAS TEMU KEMBALI
Authors: Pradana Kristoforus Raditya , Fiernaningsih Nilawati , Aisya Narocha Mihasu , Hasan Moch Rizaldi 
Published: June 2024

Archives are essential assets for organizations, yet their management is often suboptimal. One common problem is the suboptimal arrangement of archive boxes on shelves during inactive archive management and the ineffective and inefficient retrieval of archive boxes during the retrieval process. This can lead to difficulties in finding the required archives, wasting time, and hindering organizational performance. This study aims to improve the efficiency of arranging archive boxes on shelves and the effectiveness of archive retrieval through optimal planning of storage shelf layouts and archive box storage locations. A qualitative descriptive method is used to collect data through field observations at the Record Center of the Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan and serves as a benchmark for success in designing effective storage shelf layouts. The results of the study show that planning the layout of the shelves makes it easier to arrange inactive archive boxes that have been processed and the design of the storage location of the boxes by determining the identity of the shelves to facilitate retrieval. The recommendation of this study is to implement effective shelf layouts and archive box storage locations to improve archive management and organizational performance.Arsip merupakan aset penting bagi organisasi, namun seringkali pengelolaannya masih belum optimal. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering dihadapi adalah penataan boks arsip ke rak yang masih belum optimal pada pelaksanaan pengelolaan arsip inaktif dan temu kembali boks arsip yang belum efektif dan efisien pada prosesnya. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kesulitan dalam menemukan arsip yang dibutuhkan, membuang waktu, dan menghambat kinerja organisasi. enelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penataan boks arsip ke rak dan efektivitas temu kembali arsip melalui perencanaan tata letak rak penyimpanan dan lokasi simpan boks arsip yang optimal. Metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data melalui observasi di lapangan di Record Center Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan dan menjadi tolok ukur keberhasilan dalam menyusun tata letak rak penyimpanan yang efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan perencanaan tata letak rak memudahkan dalam menata boks arsip inaktif yang telah selesai diolah dan rancangan lokasi simpan boks dengan menentukan identitas rak untuk memudahkan temu kembali. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah menerapkan tata letak rak dan lokasi simpan boks arsip yang efektif guna meningkatkan pengelolaan arsip dan kinerja organisasi.
Ensemble for evaluating diagnostic efficacy of non-invasive indices in predicting liver fibrosis in untreated hepatitis C virus population
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Goyal Gitanjali , Garg Ravinder , Tapasvi Chaitanya , Demirbaga Umit 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection progresses through various phases, starting with inflammation and ending with hepatocellular carcinoma. There are several invasive and non-invasive methods to diagnose chronic HCV infection. The invasive methods have their benefits but are linked to morbidity and complications. Thus, it is important to analyze the potential of non-invasive methods as an alternative. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a non-invasive imaging tool widely validated in clinical and research studies as a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis determination by invasive liver biopsy and non-invasive SWE agree closely in clinical studies and therefore both are gold standards.
AIM
To analyzed the diagnostic efficacy of non-invasive indices [serum fibronectin, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4)] in relation to SWE. We have used an Artificial Intelligence method to predict the severity of liver fibrosis and uncover the complex relationship between non-invasive indices and fibrosis severity.
METHODS
We have conducted a hospital-based study considering 100 untreated patients detected as HCV positive using a quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. We performed statistical and probabilistic analyses to determine the relationship between non-invasive indices and the severity of fibrosis. We also used standard diagnostic methods to measure the diagnostic accuracy for all the subjects.
RESULTS
The results of our study showed that fibronectin is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for predicting fibrosis stages (mild, moderate, and severe). This was based on its sensitivity (100%, 92.2%, 96.2%), specificity (96%, 100%, 98.6%), Youden’s index (0.960, 0.922, 0.948), area under receiver operating characteristic curve (0.999, 0.993, 0.922), and Likelihood test (LR+ > 10 and LR- < 0.1). Additionally, our Bayesian Network analysis revealed that fibronectin (> 200), AAR (> 1), APRI (> 3), and FIB-4 (> 4) were all strongly associated with patients who had severe fibrosis, with a 100% probability.
CONCLUSION
We have found a strong correlation between fibronectin and liver fibrosis progression in HCV patients. Additionally, we observed that the severity of liver fibrosis increases with an increase in the non-invasive indices that we investigated.
Violence study of healthcare workers and systems in the Caribbean: ViSHWaS-Caribbean study
Authors: Hadmon Reshon , Pierre Daniella Myriam , Banga Akshat , Clerville Jacques W , Mautong Hans , Akinsanya Precious , Gupta Rajat Das , Soliman Sama , Hunjah Tolupe M , Hunjah Bamidele A , Hamza Hafeez , Qasba Ruman Khurshid , Nawaz Faisal A , Surani Salim , Kashyap Rahul 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Caribbean continues to prevail yet remains underreported. Our aim is to determine the cause, traits, and consequences of violence on HCWs in the Caribbean.
AIM
To determine the cause, traits, and consequences of violence on HCWs in the Caribbean.
METHODS
This research adopted an online cross-sectional survey approach, spanning over eight weeks (between June 6th and August 9th, 2022). The survey was generated using Research Electronic Data Capture forms and followed a snowballing strategy to contact individuals using emails, social media, text messages, etc. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables that influence violence, including gender, age, years of experience, institution type, and night shift frequency.
RESULTS
The survey was completed by 225 HCWs. Females comprised 61%. Over 51% of respondents belonged to the 21 to 35 age group. Dominica (n = 61), Haiti (n = 50), and Grenada (n = 31) had the most responses. Most HCWs (49%) worked for government academic institutions, followed by community hospitals (23%). Medical students (32%), followed by attending physicians (22%), and others (16%) comprised the most common cadre of respondents. About 39% of the participants reported experiencing violence themselves, and 18% reported violence against colleague(s). Verbal violence (48%), emotional abuse (24%), and physical misconduct (14%) were the most common types of violence. Nearly 63% of respondents identified patients or their relatives as the most frequent aggressors. Univariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that female gender (OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.16-3.76, P = 0.014) and higher frequency of night shifts (OR = 2.22; 95%CI: 1.08-4.58, P = 0.030) were associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing violence. More than 50% of HCWs felt less motivated and had decreased job satisfaction post-violent conduct.
CONCLUSION
A large proportion of HCWS in the Caribbean are exposed to violence, yet the phenomenon remains underreported. As a result, HCWs’ job satisfaction has diminished.
Botulinum toxin type A for treating chronic low back pain: A double blinded randomized control study
Authors: Jain Mantu , Khan Shahnawaz , Varghese Paulson , Tripathy Sujit Kumar , Mangaraj Manaswini 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent issue that orthopedic surgeons frequently address in the outpatient setting. LBP can arise from various causes, with stiffness in the paraspinal muscles being a notable contributor. The administration of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been found to alleviate back pain by relaxing these stiff muscles. While BoNT-A is approved for use in numerous conditions, a limited number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) validate its efficacy specifically for treating LBP.
AIM
To study the safety and the efficacy of BoNT-A in minimizing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients of chronic LBP (CLBP).
METHODS
In this RCT, adults aged 18-60 years with mechanical LBP persisting for at least six months were enrolled. Participants were allocated to either the Drug group, receiving 200 Ipsen Units (2 mL) of BoNT-A, or the Control group, which received a 2 mL placebo. Over a 2-month follow-up period, both groups were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for disability at the start and conclusion of the study. A decrease in pain by 50% was deemed clinically significant.
RESULTS
The study followed 40 patients for two months, with 20 in each group. A clinically significant reduction in pain was observed in 36 participants. There was a statistically significant decrease in both VAS and ODI scores in the groups at the end of two months. Nonetheless, when comparing the mean score changes, only the reduction in ODI scores (15 in the placebo group vs 16.5 in the drug group, clinically insignificant) was statistically significant (P = 0.012), whereas the change in mean VAS scores was not significant (P = 0.45).
CONCLUSION
The study concludes that BoNT-A does not offer a short-term advantage over placebo in reducing pain or improving LBP scores in CLBP patients.
In Situ Lung Dust Analysis by Automated Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy With Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy: A Method for Assessing Inorganic Particles in Lung Tissue From Coal Miners
Authors: Sarver Emily , Keles Cigdem , Lowers Heather , Zell-Baran Lauren , Go Leonard , Hua Jeremy , Cool Carlyne , Rose Cecile , Green Francis , Almberg Kirsten , Cohen Robert 
Published: June 2024

Context.—
Overexposure to respirable coal mine dust can cause severe lung disease including progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) has been used for in situ lung dust particle analysis for evaluation of disease etiology. Automating such work can reduce time, costs, and user bias.

Objective.—
To develop and test an automated FESEM-EDS method for in situ analysis of inorganic particles in coal miner lung tissue.

Design.—
We programmed an automated FESEM-EDS procedure to collect particle size and elemental data, using lung tissue from 10 underground coal miners with PMF and 4 control cases. A statistical clustering approach was used to establish classification criteria based on particle chemistry. Data were correlated to PMF/non-PMF areas of the tissue, using corresponding brightfield microscopy images. Results for each miner case were compared with a separate corresponding analysis of particles recovered following tissue digestion.

Results.—
In situ analysis of miner tissues showed higher particle number densities than controls and densities were generally higher in PMF than non-PMF areas. Particle counts were typically dominated by aluminum silicates with varying percentages of silica. Compared to digestion results for the miner tissues, in situ results indicated lower density of particles (number per tissue volume), larger size, and a lower ratio of silica to total silicates—probably due to frequent particle clustering in situ.

Conclusions.—
Automated FESEM-EDS analysis of lung dust is feasible in situ and could be applied to a larger set of mineral dust–exposed lung tissues to investigate specific histologic features of PMF and other dust-related occupational diseases.
Cognitive Revised Bloom's Taxonomy Analysis in RPP PAI Documents in Senior High Schools (SMA)
Authors: Wildani Firdaus  , Khozin  
Published: June 2024

. In 1956 Benjamin S. Bloom formulated the concept of Bloom's Taxonomy, which became known as Bloom's Taxonomy along with the evolution of educational theory. Anderson and Krathwohl then revised Bloom's Taxonomy, describing two main dimensions, namely cognitive processes and levels of knowledge. In the learning context, especially in Islamic Religious Education subjects in Senior High Schools (SMA), an essential first step is the preparation of effective learning tools, including quality learning implementation planning (RPP) based on the 2013 curriculum, with a focus on core competencies. and basic competencies. Analysis of the distribution of cognitive levels in the RPP documents for Core Competencies (KI)-3, KI-4, Basic Competencies (KD)-3, and KD-4 shows that the levels of understanding (C2), application (C3), and analysis (C4) included in the learning process. Therefore, in the context of Islamic Religious Education, these subjects have achieved higher order thinking skills (HOTS).
Polyparadigmatic approach in teaching philological disciplines in higher education
Authors: Chemezova Ekaterina Rudol'fovna , Dronyakina Nadezhda Vladimirovna 
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the generalization of theoretical and practical experience in the use of pedagogical technologies in the educational process of the Humanitarian Pedagogical Academy (branch) of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "V.I. Vernadsky KFU" in Yalta during the 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 academic years. The study involved 15 teachers and 81 full-time students of the Department of Foreign Philology and Teaching Methods. The subject of research is scientific works on the development of the modern pedagogical paradigm and the search for effective innovative educational technologies in higher education. This article outlines the main provisions that indicate that modern education recognizes the synthesis of various paradigms in the educational space of the beginning of the XXI century. The special significance lies in the fact that the methodological principle of polyparadigmality does not deny various pedagogical systems and indicates the natural changeability of educational paradigms. The polyparadigmatic nature of modern education does not act as a counterbalance to a specific scientific and pedagogical paradigm, but reflects modern educational practice that meets the needs of modern society. The novelty of the proposed study lies in the fact that the polyparadigm approach previously remained on the margin of pedagogical research.