bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in wing pattern and palatability in a female‐limited polymorphic mimicry system
Authors: Long Elizabeth C. , Hahn Thomas P. , Shapiro Arthur M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCheckerspot butterflies in the genera Euphydryas and Chlosyne exhibit phenotypic polymorphisms along a well‐defined latitudinal and elevational gradient in California. The patterns of phenotypic variation in Euphydryas chalcedona, Chlosyne palla, and Chlosyne hoffmanni suggest a mimetic relationship; in addition, the specific patterns of variation in C. palla suggest a female‐limited polymorphic mimicry system (FPM). However, the existence of polymorphic models runs counter to predictions of mimicry theory. Palatability trials were undertaken to assess whether or not the different color morphs of each species were distasteful or toxic to a generalized avian predator, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Results indicate that the black morph of E. chalcedona is distasteful, but not toxic, to predators, while the red morph is palatable. C. hoffmanni and both color morphs of C. palla are palatable to predators. Predators that learn to reject black E. chalcedona also reject black C. palla, suggesting that the latter is a FPM of the former. C. hoffmanni does not appear to be involved in this mimetic relationship.
Protective effects of spironolactone against anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akpek Mahmut , Ozdogru Ibrahim , Sahin Omer , Inanc Mevlude , Dogan Ali , Yazici Cevat , Berk Veli , Karaca Halit , Kalay Nihat , Oguzhan Abdurrahman , Ergin Ali 
Published: November 2014

AimsThe protective effect of beta‐blockers, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs on anthracycline cardiotoxicity has already been demonstrated, but the effect of aldosterone antagonism, which inhibits the last step of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), was questioned. This study sought to investigate whether spironolactone protects the heart against anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity.Methods and resultsEighty‐three female patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study. The study population was randomized into spironolactone and control groups. A dose of 25 mg/day spironolactone was administered to the patients in the spironolactone group. There were 43 patients (mean age 50 ± 11 years) in the spironolactone group and 40 patients (mean age 51 ± 10 years) in the control group. LVEF decreased from 67.0 ± 6.1 to 65.7 ± 7.4 (P = 0.094) in the spironolactone group, and from 67.7 ± 6.3 to 53.6 ± 6.8 in the control group (P < 0.001). When the general linear model was applied, the interaction of LVEF decrease between groups was significantly lower in the spironolactone group than in the control group (P < 0.001). The diastolic functional grade of subjects in the spironolactone group was protected (P = 0.096), whereas it deteriorated in the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionWe showed that spironolactone administration used simultaneously with anthracycline group chemotherapeutics protects both myocardial systolic and diastolic functions. Spironolactone can be used to protect against anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity.Trial registration: NCT02053974.
Lipid profile of mice fed a high‐fat diet supplemented with a wax ester‐rich marine oil
Authors: Pedersen Alice Marie , Salma Wahida , Höper Anje Christina , Larsen Terje Steinar , Olsen Ragnar Ludvig 
Published: November 2014

Oil extracted from the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus contains the long chain omega‐3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA in addition to stearidonic acid (18:4n‐3). Unlike other marine lipids, the fatty acids in this oil are esterified with long chain fatty alcohols as wax esters. The aim of this study was to examine the fate of the wax esters in oil from C. finmarchicus when given as a 2% supplement in a high fat diet to C57BL/6J mice for 11 weeks. The study confirmed that feeding mice a high fat diet supplemented with a small amount of oil containing wax esters reduced the body weight gain. During digestion, wax esters were hydrolyzed and the fatty acids absorbed since the fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue and liver reflected the enrichment with the Calanus oil. The composition of the liver lipids demonstrated elongation and desaturation of the C18 omega‐3 fatty acids from the feed and accumulation of longer chained omega‐3 fatty acids. Elevated levels of FFA and FAOH in the feces suggest that the absorption process, not the hydrolysis, could be a rate limiting step in utilization of small amounts of wax esters included in high fat diets in mice.Practical applications: The limited amount of available fish oil has led to extensive search for alternative sources of long‐chain PUFA. One suggestion is to harvest at lower trophic levels, like small crustaceans, which may be abundantly present in the oceans. In this investigation, we have studied the effects of including the astaxanthin‐rich oil from the marine copepod C. finmarchicus in a high fat diet in mice. This oil is different from other marine oils since most of the fatty acids are esterified to long‐chain fatty alcohols, not in TAG, and that stearidonic acid is the major omega‐3 fatty acid present. The results provide knowledge and understanding of aspects related to digestion and possible physiological effects of including small amounts of marine wax esters in diets.The lipid class composition in the feces from mice fed a high fat diet or a high fat diet supplemented with a wax ester rich oil were similar except for the pronounced amount of fatty alcohols in feces of the latter.
World Soil Day and earth surface processes
Authors: Kirkby Michael J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTo celebrate World Soil Day 2014, this editorial summary and Special Issue draws together a number of the most significant contributions that have appeared in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms since 2010. As a group they show the increasing importance of interdisciplinary work in this area of overlap, and point to significant opportunities for future research development, particularly with respect to integrated modelling and interactions with climate change. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytosociological and palynological studies of alpine steppe communities on the northern Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Müller Carolina , Kürschner Harald 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe dry cold climate in the highland of the eastern Kunlun Mountains in Qinghai Province, north‐western part of China supports the establishment of alpine grassland, consisting of Poaceae and Cyperaceae species and dwarf shrub communities dominated by Potentilla and Krascheninnikovia shrubs. The phytosociological vegetation studies carried out around Lake Heihai (36°00′N/93°26′E, 4446 m a.s.l.) reveals a complex pattern of high mountainous vegetation, including three major vegetation communities. A Polygonum sibiricum community occupies wet and slightly saline sites close to the Heihai lake shoreline and Kobresia robusta and Poa pachyantha communities are characteristic for the drier slopes. These communities differ in ecological conditions, exposure and several characteristic species that form local subunits. Main ecological factors influencing plant growth are moisture coming from glacial melt water and the composition and texture of the surface sediments. The atmospheric circulation (i.e. monsoonal wind system) and the different amount of insolation of the southern and northern slopes are of minor importance for the establishment of the different communities. The reflection of the vegetation composition in the modern pollen rain is generally poor, since the pollen spectrum is highly influenced by the local appearance of taxa. Though the vegetation unit of a alpine steppe can be detected. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novelty in Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Massoud , Negaresh Kazem , Joharchi Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new species, Centaurera bojnordensis Ranjbar, Negaresh & Joharchi (Asteraceae), endemic to Khorasan Province in northeastern Iran and belonging to Centaurea sect. Acrocentron, is described and illustrated. This species is mainly distinguished from C. sintenisiana of C. sect. Acrocentron by its indumentum of stem, shape and size of involucres, cilia and spine length. In addition, geographical distribution of the two species is presented and shown. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review
Authors: Wang Shang , Larin Kirill V. 
Published: November 2014

Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro‐scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state‐of‐the‐art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization.
The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.magnified imageThe position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
Who Finds Bill Gates Sexy? Creative Mate Preferences as a Function of Cognitive Ability, Personality, and Creative Achievement
Authors: Kaufman Scott Barry , Kozbelt Aaron , Silvia Paul , Kaufman James C. , Ramesh Sheela , Feist Gregory J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCreativity is sexy, but are all creative behaviors equally sexy? We attempted to clarify the role of creativity in mate selection among an ethnically diverse sample of 815 undergraduates. First we assessed the sexual attractiveness of different forms of creativity: ornamental/aesthetic, applied/technological, and everyday/domestic creativity. Both males and females preferred ornamental/aesthetic forms of creativity in a prospective sexual partner than applied/technological and everyday/domestic forms of creativity. Secondly, we assessed the simultaneous prediction of general cognitive ability, personality, divergent thinking, self‐perceptions of creativity, and creative achievement on preferences for different forms of creativity in a prospective sexual partner. The results were generally consistent with assortative mating. The most robust predictors of a preference for applied/technological forms of creativity in a potential sexual partner were intellectual interests and creative achievement in applied/technological domains. In contrast, the most robust predictor of a preference for ornamental/aesthetic forms of creativity was openness to experience. The results suggest that openness to experience and its associated aesthetic, perceptual, and affective aspects are the primary characteristics influencing the sexual attractiveness of a creative display. Further, the results demonstrate the importance of also taking into account individual differences in personality, interests, and creative achievement when considering the sexual attractiveness of different manifestations of creativity.
Postglacial variability in near‐bottom current speed on the continental shelf off south‐west Spitsbergen
Authors: STERNAL BEATA , SZCZUCISKI WITOLD , FORWICK MATTHIAS , ZAJĄCZKOWSKI MAREK , LORENC STANISŁAW , PRZYTARSKA JOANNA 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis study documents changes in the sedimentary environment on the outer continental shelf off south‐west Spitsbergen during the last ∼14 000 cal a BP using sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical data from a sea‐bed sediment core. We use the sortable silt fraction to infer fluctuations of near‐bottom current speed and determine sediment provenance and sediment transport paths. For most of the record length, sediments were derived from distal sources by the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) and the East Spitsbergen Current (ESC). However, before ∼12 000 and after ∼1800 cal a BP sediments were also sourced from proximal sources in south‐west Spitsbergen. The slowest near‐bottom currents were recorded between 10 300 and 9700 cal a BP when an increase in water stratification occurred, probably due to the strengthening of the ESC and an associated reduction in the northward water and heat flux. Near‐bottom currents related to WSC activity were at their maximum between 9000 and 7500 cal a BP, i.e. during a period of elevated water temperature, probably resulting in maximum relative heat fluxes to the Arctic.
Tephra redeposition and mixing in a Late‐glacial hillside basin determined by fusion of clustering analyses of glass‐shard geochemistry
Authors: POUGET SOLÈNE , BURSIK MARCUS , ROGOVA GALINA 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTwo discontinuous tephra layers were discovered at Burney Spring Mountain, northern California. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that they are two distinct primary fall tephras. The geochemistries of these tephras from electron probe microanalysis were compared with those of known layers found in the area to test for potential correlations, using clustering analysis on geochemistry. In most cases, geochemical data from a tephra layer can be assigned to a single cluster, but in some cases the analyses are spread over several clusters. This spreading is a direct result of mixing and reworking of several tephra layers. The mixing, in turn, appears to be related to the influence of wind in a marshy environment.
Raman spectroscopy application in frozen carrot cooked in different ways and the relationship with carotenoids
Authors: Camorani Paolo , Chiavaro Emma , Cristofolini Luigi , Paciulli Maria , Zaupa Maria , Visconti Attilio , Fogliano Vincenzo , Pellegrini Nicoletta 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRaman spectroscopy, in its confocal micro‐Raman variation, has been recently proposed as a spatially resolved method to identify carotenoids in various food matrices, being faster, non‐destructive, and avoiding sample extraction, but no data are present in the literature concerning its application to the evaluation of carotenoid pattern changes after thermal treatment of carrots.RESULTSThe effect of three cooking methods (i.e. boiling, steaming and microwaving) was evaluated on frozen carrot, comparing changes on carotenoid profiles measured by means of Raman spectroscopy with their high‐performance liquid chromatographic determination and colour. A more pronounced detrimental effect on carotenoids was detected in steamed carrots, in accordance with colour data. Conversely, boiling and, to a lesser extent, microwaving caused an increase in carotenoid concentration. Cooking procedures affected the Raman spectral features of carotenoids, causing a shift of vibration frequencies towards a higher energy, increase in the spectral baseline and peak intensities as well as a broadening of their width, probably in relation to the thermal degradation of longer carotenoids (i.e. the all‐trans form) and the isomerization process. In particular, steamed samples showed a significantly higher increase of centre frequency, in accordance with a more pronounced isomerization and changes in colour parameters.CONCLUSIONThis work showed that the evolution of Raman spectral parameters could provide information on carotenoid bioaccessibility for carrots cooked using various methods. This paves the way for a future use of this technique to monitor and optimize cooking processes aimed at maximizing carotenoid bioaccessibility and bioavailability. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Compositional and biochemical changes in Genestoso cheese, a Spanish raw cow's milk variety, during ripening
Authors: Arenas Ricardo , González Leticia , Sacristán Noelia , Tornadijo María E , Fresno José M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhysicochemical characteristics, proteolysis and lipolysis were studied throughout the ripening of eight batches of a traditional Spanish variety made from raw cow's milk, in order to establish a basis for its industrial production.RESULTSThe main compositional characteristics of this cheese after 60 days of ripening were its high proportion of total solids (TS; 752 g kg−1 of cheese), an average content of protein (452.8 g kg−1 TS) and fat (475.1 g kg−1 TS) and the presence of residual lactose (12.5 g kg−1 TS). Its pH value (4.04) was extremely low. Phosphorus (5.13 g kg−1 TS) and sodium (8.29 g kg−1 TS) were the most abundant mineral elements in cheese, whereas calcium levels (1.92 g kg−1 TS) were very low. Proteolysis extension and depth were very low, which resulted in almost zero degradation of αs1‐ and β‐casein. Fat acidity increased during ripening, reaching final values of 50.1 mg KOH kg−1 of fat. The main free fatty acid was C16:0, followed by C18:1 and C14:0.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that this variety undergoes a limited proteolysis and moderate lipolysis during ripening. The low pH, low calcium content and limited proteolysis led to a crumbly texture in this cheese variety. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular mechanisms and design principles for promiscuous inhibitors to avoid drug resistance: Lessons learned from HIV‐1 protease inhibition
Authors: Shen Yang , Radhakrishnan Mala L. , Tidor Bruce 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMolecular recognition is central to biology and ranges from highly selective to broadly promiscuous. The ability to modulate specificity at will is particularly important for drug development, and discovery of mechanisms contributing to binding specificity is crucial for our basic understanding of biology and for applications in health care. In this study, we used computational molecular design to create a large dataset of diverse small molecules with a range of binding specificities. We then performed structural, energetic, and statistical analysis on the dataset to study molecular mechanisms of achieving specificity goals. The work was done in the context of HIV‐1 protease inhibition and the molecular designs targeted a panel of wild‐type and drug‐resistant mutant HIV‐1 protease structures. The analysis focused on mechanisms for promiscuous binding to bind robustly even to resistance mutants. Broadly binding inhibitors tended to be smaller in size, more flexible in chemical structure, and more hydrophobic in nature compared to highly selective ones. Furthermore, structural and energetic analyses illustrated mechanisms by which flexible inhibitors achieved binding; we found ligand conformational adaptation near mutation sites and structural plasticity in targets through torsional flips of asymmetric functional groups to form alternative, compensatory packing interactions or hydrogen bonds. As no inhibitor bound to all variants, we designed small cocktails of inhibitors to do so and discovered that they often jointly covered the target set through mechanistic complementarity. Furthermore, using structural plasticity observed in experiments, and potentially in simulations, is suggested to be a viable means of designing adaptive inhibitors that are promiscuous binders. Proteins 2015; 83:351–372. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Error control on spectral data of four‐wave mixing based on a‐SiC technology
Authors: Vieira M. A. , Vieira M. , Silva V. , Louro P. , Barata M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper we exploit the nonlinear property of the SiC multilayer devices to design an optical processor for error detection that enables reliable delivery of spectral data of four‐wave mixing over unreliable communication channels. The SiC optical processor is realized by using double pin/pin a‐SiC:H photodetector with front and back biased optical gating elements. Visible pulsed signals are transmitted together at different bit sequences. The combined optical signal is analyzed. Data show that the background acts as selector that picks one or more states by splitting portions of the input multi optical signals across the front and back photodiodes.Boolean operations such as EXOR and three bit addition are demonstrated optically, showing that when one or all of the inputs are present, the system will behave as an XOR gate representing the SUM. When two or three inputs are on, the system acts as AND gate indicating the present of the CARRY bit. Additional parity logic operations are performed using four incoming pulsed communication channels that are transmitted and checked for errors together. As a simple example of this approach, we describe an all‐optical processor for error detection and then provide an experimental demonstration of this idea. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unconventional digital computing approach: memristive nanodevice platform
Authors: Shahsavari Mahyar , Faisal Nadeem M. , Arash Ostadzadeh S. , Devienne Philippe , Boulet Pierre 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMemristor is a two‐terminal nanodevice that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. Its simple structure, non‐volatility behavior, high‐density integration, and low‐power consumption make the memristor a promising candidate to act as a switch in digital gates for future high‐performance and low‐power nanocomputing applications. In this paper, we model the behavior of memristor by using Verilog‐A. To investigate its characteristics in a circuit, we use the HSPICE simulator.Furthermore, a library of digital gates are provided by using two approaches to make digital gates: the first one is based on material implication (IMP) and the second one is based on crossbar arrays. Finally, we perform a comparison and evaluation between the two methods. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementation of adaptive coupling through memristor
Authors: Frasca Mattia , Gambuzza Lucia Valentina , Buscarino Arturo , Fortuna Luigi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSince its discovery, memristor attracted a lot of attention for its potential applications as next generation electronic device, as system for modeling and implementing biological synapses and as key component in nonlinear circuits. Here we exploit the peculiarities of the HP memristor in order to realize an adaptive coupling, able to reach consensus and synchronization between two dynamical systems.In particular, the coupling scheme consists of two HP memristors connected in antiparallel which allow to deal with consensus/synchronization error of either positive and negative sign. Simulation results on consensus of two agents with integrator dynamics and synchronization of two Chua's circuits show the suitability of the proposed approach. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Memristors under the influence of noise and temperature
Authors: Patterson G. A. , Sangiuliano Jimka F. , Fierens P. I. , Grosz D. F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe study the performance of a manganite sample meant for memresistive applications. In particular, we experimentally address the interplay between temperature and electrical noise the sample is subject to. Results reveal an optimum noise amplitude that maximizes the contrast between low‐ and high‐resistive states, and a decaying contrast with increasing temperature. We introduce a numerical model accounting for the observed experimental behavior. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)