bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Deficit and Poverty in the First 5 Years of Childhood in Bangladesh
Authors: Hamadani Jena D. , Tofail Fahmida , Huda Syed N. , Alam Dewan S. , Ridout Deborah A. , Attanasio Orazio , Grantham-McGregor Sally M. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to determine the timing and size of the cognitive deficit associated with poverty in the first 5 years of life and to examine the role of parental characteristics, pre- and postnatal growth, and stimulation in the home in Bangladeshi children. We hypothesized that the effect of poverty on cognition begins in infancy and is mainly mediated by these factors.

METHODS:
We enrolled 2853 singletons, a subsample from a pregnancy supplementation trial in a poor rural area. We assessed mental development at 7, 18, and 64 months; anthropometry at birth, 12, 24, and 64 months; home stimulation at 18 and 64 months; and family’s socioeconomic background. In multiple regression analyses, we examined the effect of poverty at birth on IQ at 64 months and the extent that other factors mediated the effect.

RESULTS:
A mean cognitive deficit of 0.2 (95% confidence interval –0.4 to –0.02) z scores between the first and fifth wealth quintiles was apparent at 7 months and increased to 1.2 (95% confidence interval –1.3 to –1.0) z scores of IQ by 64 months. Parental education, pre- and postnatal growth in length, and home stimulation mediated 86% of the effects of poverty on IQ and had independent effects. Growth in the first 2 years had larger effects than later growth. Home stimulation had effects throughout the period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Effects of poverty on children’s cognition are mostly mediated through parental education, birth size, growth in the first 24 months, and home stimulation in the first 5 years.
Contraception for Adolescents
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Braverman Paula K. , Adelman William P. , Alderman Elizabeth M. ,   FSHAM, Breuner Cora C. , Levine David A. , Marcell Arik V. , O’Brien Rebecca F. 
Published: September 2014

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed March 2021.
Contraception is a pillar in reducing adolescent pregnancy rates. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians develop a working knowledge of contraception to help adolescents reduce risks of and negative health consequences related to unintended pregnancy. Over the past 10 years, a number of new contraceptive methods have become available to adolescents, newer guidance has been issued on existing contraceptive methods, and the evidence base for contraception for special populations (adolescents who have disabilities, are obese, are recipients of solid organ transplants, or are HIV infected) has expanded. The Academy has addressed contraception since 1980, and this policy statement updates the 2007 statement on contraception and adolescents. It provides the pediatrician with a description and rationale for best practices in counseling and prescribing contraception for adolescents. It is supported by an accompanying technical report.
Ultra High Voltage Electron Microscopy Study of {113}-Defect
Generation in Si Nanowires
Authors: Vanhellemont J. , Anada S. , Nagase T. , Yasuda H. , Bender H. , Rooyackers R. , Vandooren A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTResults are presented of a study of {113}-defect formation in Si nanowires with
diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm. The Si nanowires, used for the processing
of tunnel-FET's, are etched into a moderately doped epitaxial Si layer
on a heavily doped n-type Si substrate. {113}- defects are created in situ by 2
MeV e-irradiation at temperatures between room temperature and 375 °C
in an ultra high voltage electron microscope. The observations are discussed in
the frame of intrinsic point defect out-diffusion and interaction with dopant
atoms.
Impact of 3 Common ABCA1 Gene Polymorphisms on Optimal vs Non-Optimal Lipid Profile in Greek Young Nurses
Authors: Marvaki Apostolia , Kolovou Vana , Katsiki Niki , Boutsikou Maria , Kotanidou Anastasia , Orfanos Stylianos , Filippatos Gerasimos , Marvaki Katerina , Koumoulidis Anastasios , Mavrogeni Sophie , Kolovou Genovefa 
Published: September 2014

Objective:
This study is in line with two previous ones from our group. They evaluated the influence of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene polymorphisms [such as rs2230806 (R219K), rs2230808 (R1587K) and rs4149313 (I883M)] on the human lipid profile (defined as Optimal and Non-Optimal).

Methods:
The present study included 447 unrelated young women and men self-reported as being healthy and that attended the University of Nursing of Technological and Educational Institution. All subjects were genotyped and the ABCA1 polymorphisms (R219K, R1587K and I883M) were recorded. According to lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] the subjects were separated into those with optimal lipid profile (Optimal Group, n=209) and Non-Optimal Group (n=238).

Results:
No statistical differences were observed in the distribution of R219K, R1587K and I883M polymorphisms according to the lipid profile (p>0.05 in all cases). No statistical differences were observed in the distribution of R219K, R1587K and I883M polymorphisms according to sex (p>0.05 in all cases). However, Logistic Regression revealed that subjects with RK (R1587K polymorphism) genotype had 69% increased risk on average of having LDL-C above normal limits as compared with those with RR genotype. Similarly, subjects with K allele (R1587K polymorphism) had 59% increased risk on average of having LDL-C above normal limits compared with those with R allele.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that R1587K polymorphism of ABCA1 gene may influence the lipid profile. However, this needs to be confirmed by larger studies.
Effect of Hypoglycemia on Brain Structure in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Epidemiological Analysis of the ACCORD-MIND MRI Trial
Authors: Zhang Zi , Lovato James , Battapady Harsha , Davatzikos Christos , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Ismail-Beigi Faramarz , Launer Lenore J. , Murray Anne , Punthakee Zubin , Tirado Amilcar A. , Williamson Jeff , Bryan R. Nick , Miller Michael E. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
The effect of hypoglycemia related to treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on brain structure remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether symptomatic severe hypoglycemia is associated with brain atrophy and/or white matter abnormalities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included T2DM participants with brain MRI from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) trial. Symptomatic severe hypoglycemia was defined as blood glucose &lt;2.8 mmol/L or symptoms resolved with treatments that required the assistance of another person or medical assistance (hypoglycemia requiring assistance [HA]). Standardized brain MRI was performed at baseline and at 40 months. Total brain volume (TBV) and abnormal white matter (AWM) volume were calculated using an automated computer algorithm. Brain MRI scans of hypoglycemic participants were also reviewed for local disease.

RESULTS
Of the 503 T2DM participants (mean age, 62 years) with successful baseline and 40-month brain MRI, 28 had at least one HA episode during the 40-month follow-up. Compared with participants without HA, those with HA had marginally significant less atrophy (less decrease in TBV) from baseline to 40 months (−9.55 [95% CI −15.21, −3.90] vs. −15.38 [95% CI −16.64, −14.12], P = 0.051), and no significant increase of AWM volume (2.06 [95% CI 1.71, 2.49] vs. 1.84 [95% CI 1.76, 1.91], P = 0.247). In addition, no unexpected local signal changes or volume loss were seen on hypoglycemic participants’ brain MRI scans.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that hypoglycemia related to T2DM treatment may not accentuate brain pathology, specifically brain atrophy or white matter abnormalities.
Fracture Resistance and Microleakage of Endocrowns Utilizing Three CAD-CAM Blocks
Authors: El-Damanhoury HM , Haj-Ali RN , Platt JA 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY
This study assessed marginal leakage and fracture resistance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabricated ceramic crowns with intracoronal extensions into the pulp chambers of endodontically treated teeth (endocrowns) using either feldspathic porcelain (CEREC Blocks [CB], Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany), lithium disilicate (e.max [EX], Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), or resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate [LU], 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA).). Thirty extracted human permanent maxillary molars were endodontically treated. Standardized preparations were done with 2-mm intracoronal extensions of the endocrowns into the pulp chamber. Teeth were divided into three groups (n=10); each group was restored with standardized CAD/CAM fabricated endocrowns using one of the three tested materials. After cementation with resin cement, specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for one week, subjected to thermocycling, and immersed in a 5% methylene-blue dye solution for 24 hours. A compressive load was applied at 35 degrees to long axis of the teeth using a universal testing machine until failure. Failure load was recorded, and specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope for modes of failure and microleakage. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). LU showed significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher fracture resistance and more favorable fracture mode (ie, fracture of the endocrown without fracture of tooth) as well as higher dye penetration than CB and EX. In conclusion, although using resin nanoceramic blocks for fabrication of endocrowns may result in better fracture resistance and a more favorable fracture mode than other investigated ceramic blocks, more microleakage may be expected with this material.
Determination of the resonance frequency – thickness relation based on the ambient seismic noise records from Upper Silesia Coal Basin
Authors: Mendecki Maciej Jan , Bieta Barbara , Mycka Mateusz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method and seismic data were applied to evaluate the resonance frequency - thickness relation. The HVSR method was used to estimate the parameters of site effects: amplification and resonance frequency from seismic noise records. The seismic noise was generated by artificial source occurring in Upper Silesia Coal Basin (UBSC), Poland, such as: traffic, industry, coal plants etc. The survey points were located near the Faculty of Earth Sciences in Sosnowiec, Bytom and Chorzow. Based on Albarello’s statistical test the observed H/V maxima was confirmed or rejected. Resonance frequencies were compared with available thicknesses of soft layer obtained by seismic survey (Mendecki 2012). Finally, the estimated resonance frequency - thickness relation for UBSC area showed quite similar power function coefficients as those obtained by other authors
Developing Researcherly Dispositions in an Initial Teacher Education Context: Successes and Dilemmas
Authors: Roche Mary 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Douglas and Ellis (2011, p. 175) suggest that institutionally universities and schools are required to work with different conceptual tool-kits. Seeking to minimise the potential standoff between academic and practitioner knowledge, and, therefore, to enhance the learning of student teachers, means, they suggest, rethinking both the social relationships and the processes of abstracting knowledge from experience. Lingard and Renshaw (2010) advocate that all education practitioners, policy makers and teachers, should have a researcherly disposition, be interested in research and knowledge production and see themselves as participants in the field of educational research broadly defined.
Rapid static GNSS data processing using online services
Authors: Berber M. , Ustun A. , Yetkin M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recently, many organizations have begun providingonline GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)data processing services. Currently, only one of these organizationsi.e., OPUS (On-line Positioning Users Service)provides a rapid static data processing option. In case ofstatic online data processing, the users are required to submitat least two hours of data to get reasonably preciseresults. To provide processing option with less than twohours of data, NGS (National Geodetic Survey) developedOPUS–RS for rapid static data processing so that usersmaysubmit as little as 15 minutes of dual frequency GNSS data.In this study, multiple observation sessions are conductedat the same locations to compare OPUS-RS generated coordinatesamong the different sessions to see whether separatevalues agree with each other. The results indicate thatwith OPUS-RS results the differences in horizontal coordinatesagree with each other within 3.5 cm and vertical coordinatesagree within 7.2 cm. For an independent check,OPUS-RS results are also compared against LGO(Leica GeoOffice) produced Static results; this comparison yieldedup to 4.5 cm variations among horizontal coordinate differencesand variations among vertical coordinate differencesare up to 11.4 cm.
Scheduling Production Orders, Taking into Account Delays and Waste
Authors: Dylewski Robert , Jardzioch Andrzej 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article addresses the problem of determining the sequence of entering orders for production in a flexible manufacturing system implementing technological operations of cutting sheet metal. Adopting a specific ranking of production orders gives rise to the vector of delays and waste in the form of incompletely used sheets. A new method was postulated for determining the optimal sequence of orders in terms of two criteria: the total cost of delays and the amount of production waste. The examples illustrate the advantages of the proposed method compared with the popular heuristic principles.
Understanding the Impact of ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ Elements of TQM in South-East European Firms
Authors: Imeri Shpend , Kekäle Tauno , Takala Josu , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The study emphasizes on the understanding of the impact of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ elements of TQM in South-Eastern European (SEE) firms in Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegr, Serbia and Romania. Thus, 350 questionnaires were collected out of 1000. From different industry sectors in order to have reliable statistical measurements of the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ side of TQM. Hence, this study adopts an exploratory rather than a confirmatory research approach. This approach seeks not only to investigate firms’ awareness and perception to TQM but also explores to what extent are firms’ familiar with TQM tools techniques, and systems as well as TQM philosophies and principles. Therefore, it can be noted TQM is this SEE firms is neither resisted nor directly accepted, rather they tend to see it from a technical aspect, being familiar and understanding only the essential of its ‘hard’ elements and less the ‘soft’ elements.
Using the AHP Method to Select an ERP System for an SME Manufacturing Company
Authors: Kłos Sławomir , Trebiina Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper proposes the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to support decision making regarding the selection of an Enterprise Resource Planning system in a manufacturing company. The main assumption of the work is that the management of the selection of an ERP system should consider that the most important selection criteria are concerned with the functionality of the ERP system. Besides this, the aspects of total cost of ownership, technical support and implementation time or vendor experience are taken into consideration to guarantee a successful ERP implementation. The proposed procedure of an ERP system selection is dedicated for small and medium manufacturing enterprises. A structure of attributes for the AHP method is proposed on the basis of an analysis and identification of critical success factors. Different kinds of production (make-to-stock, make-to-order and engineer-to-order are taken into consideration). Illustrative examples are also given.
Alerts and affairs in the “brigádnik” dossier. The trajectory of public problems in (and beyond) online discussion spaces
Authors: Smith Simon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article describes the covert seeding by political parties of forums and blogs hosted by one of the leading Slovak daily newspapers, and the techniques developed by journalists, administrators, bloggers and discussants to defend these ‘public spheres’ against perceived colonisation by professional political communicators acting under false identities. We follow a trajectory of accusatory forms and registers—a collective inquiry which gathered and evaluated evidence to support public accusations. The episode demonstrates the vulnerability of the sociotechnical systems used by the media to host e-participation as well as their capacities for self-regulation. It shows how citizens, journalists and party political communicators are engaged in complex boundary struggles for the appropriation and regulation of these new spaces of sociability in order to qualify the forms of knowledge that emerge there, agree conventions for the expression of disquiet and negotiate practically enforcable definitions distinguishing political marketing from free public debate.
Parties, pirates and politicians: The 2014 European Parliamentary elections on Czech Twitter
Authors: Hrdina Matouš , Karaščáková Zuzana 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The ongoing expansion of new communication technologies is inseparably linked to the transformation of political communication. The new thinking behind communication is embedded directly in the code of popular social networks. Can a formal political party successfully implement a decentralized mode of communication based on personal connections and weak social ties, or is it against the very logic of both the hierarchical organizations and the technology itself? Our case study describes the vast spectrum of various types of behavior of political actors on Twitter through computer-assisted analysis of Twitter communication in Czech Republic before the elections to the European Parliament in May 2014. The research is based on the concept of connective action, as defined by Bennett and Segerberg. Preliminary results show an emerging typology of campaign strategies, from formal and centralized campaigns on one hand to various hybrid overlaps of traditional and new forms of communication on the other.
Asynchronous email interview as a qualitative research method in the humanities
Authors: Ratislavová Kateřina , Ratislav Jakub 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article focuses on a method for collecting qualitative data. The method is the asynchronous email interview. The authors assess the advantages, challenges and best practices of the asynchronous email interview method. They base their assessment on the academic literature and their own experiences using this data collection method in qualitative research on women who had experienced perinatal loss. The asynchronous email interview will never fully replace traditional face-to-face interviews, but it could gain a solid position as a qualitative research method thanks to its unique benefits.
Reflections on solidarity in global and transnational environment: Issue of social recognition in the context of the potential and limitations of the media
Authors: Solík Martin , Laluhová Juliána 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The present article deals with issues of social recognition in the global and transnational environment. It deals with the issue of solidarity, a form of recognition that has no adequate parallel beyond nation state borders and manifests itself mainly in the transnational economy. We focus on the articulation of the extraterritorial recognition of social rights-holders at the international and transnational levels of justice. It is clear that conditions in developing countries do not allow the people there to express disapproval in ways that are typical for Western societies. We stress that states should strengthen their influence in global and transnational organizations and equally that the media should improve its informative role and should provide information on what is happening in developing parts of the world.
Internet, social sciences and humanities
Authors: Stellner František , Vokoun Marek 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the state of the social sciences after the boom of internet services in the Czech Republic in the 1990s. The results of our survey, based on 512 responses from the economics and history departments of major Czech public universities, show that internet services are considered a quality factor for academic output; however, the issues of plagiarism, a lack of resource criticism, inadequacy of impact factor-based evaluations, poor academic training for the new generation of social scientists, the failure of state academic policy, and the generation gap make further development in the Czech social sciences rather problematic. As a result we recommend creating a better communication link between policy makers and scholars, reforming the current state policy which encourages lower quality academic output, and improving academic training, which requires a more individual approach, and also placing higher demands on social scientists.
Learning object-oriented paradigm by playing computer games: concepts first approach
Authors: Livovský Jakub , Porubän Jaroslav 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Since the beginning of teaching object-oriented programming at universities in the mid 90’s, university teachers are trying to come up with more effective ways of teaching. Number of researches has been made in this area. They are trying to identify errors teachers are making in learning process. These researches suggest different teaching methodologies and tools, which should help them to avoid these mistakes.
The subject of this paper is to present a solution we developed to teach and illustrate basic concepts of object oriented paradigm through playing of computer game. In this approach, we are teaching basic principles, such as class, objects and relationship between them in the beginning of object oriented programming (OOP) course and postpone learning of specific objective language to later time. Also we are taking advantage of attractiveness of computer games to increase students motivation, which should lead to improved learning performance of students.
DIRECTT-Rekonstruktionen im Vergleich zur gefilterten Rückprojektion
Authors: Lange Axel , Kupsch Andreas , Hentschel Manfred P. , Müller Bernd R. 
Published: September 2014

Kurzfassung
Anhand von computertomografischen Messungen und Modellrechnungen werden DIRECTT-Rekonstruktionen im Vergleich mit gefilterten Rückprojektionen bewertet. Dazu wird die Rekonstruktionsqualität mittels einer zirkular erweiterten Modulations-Transfer-Funktion (MTF) und mit integralen Kenngrößen im Radon- und im Ortsraum verglichen. Zur Überprüfung der Rekonstruktionsgenauigkeit experimenteller Daten werden Mustermessungen einfacher Probengeometrien unter definierten physikalischen Bedingungen durchgeführt. Diese beinhalten die Monochromasie, die Unterdrückung von Kantenartefakten und die radiometrische Intensitätsbestimmung. Für die Qualität der Rekonstruktionen mittels DIRECTT erweisen sich sowohl unterschiedliche Rekonstruktionsfilter als auch der Verzicht auf jede Filterung als unerheblich, im Gegensatz zur gefilterten Rückprojektion.