bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of recurrence-free survival using a protein expression-based risk classifier for head and neck cancer
Authors: Chauhan S S , Kaur J , Kumar M , Matta A , Srivastava G , Alyass A , Assi J , Leong I , MacMillan C , Witterick I , Colgan T J , Shukla N K , Thakar A , Sharma M C , Siu K W M , Walfish P G , Ralhan R 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLoco-regional recurrence in 50% of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients poses major challenge for oncologists. Lack of biomarkers that can predict disease aggressiveness and recurrence risk makes the scenario more dismal. On the basis of our earlier global proteomic analyses we identified five differentially expressed proteins in OSCC. This study aimed to develop protein biomarkers-based prognostic risk prediction model for OSCC. Sub-cellular expression of five proteins, S100A7, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteinK (hnRNPK), prothymosin α (PTMA), 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3σ was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in test set (282 Indian OSCCs and 209 normal tissues), correlated with clinic–pathological parameters and clinical outcome over 12 years to develop a risk model for prediction of recurrence-free survival. This risk classifier was externally validated in 135 Canadian OSCC and 96 normal tissues. Biomarker signature score based on PTMA, S100A7 and hnRNPK was associated with recurrence free survival of OSCC patients (hazard ratio=1.11; 95% confidence interval 1.08, 1.13, P<0.001, optimism-corrected c-statistic=0.69) independent of clinical parameters. Biomarker signature score stratified OSCC patients into high- and low-risk groups with significant difference for disease recurrence. The high-risk group had median survival 14 months, and 3-year survival rate of 30%, whereas low-risk group survival probability did not reach 50%, and had 3-year survival rate of 71%. As a powerful predictor of 3-year recurrence-free survival in OSCC patients, the newly developed biomarkers panel risk classifier will facilitate patient counseling for personalized treatment.
Phage-mediated horizontal transfer of a Staphylococcus aureus virulence-associated genomic island
Authors: Moon Bo Youn , Park Joo Youn , Hwang Sun Yung , Robinson D. Ashley , Thomas Jonathan C. , Fitzgerald J. Ross , Park Yong Ho , Seo Keun Seok 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of humans and animals. The capacity of S. aureus to adapt to different host species and tissue types is strongly influenced by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding determinants involved in niche adaptation. The genomic islands νSaα and νSaβ are found in almost all S. aureus strains and are characterized by extensive variation in virulence gene content. However the basis for the diversity and the mechanism underlying mobilization of the genomic islands between strains are unexplained. Here, we demonstrated that the genomic island, νSaβ, encoding an array of virulence factors including staphylococcal superantigens, proteases and leukotoxins, in addition to bacteriocins, was transferrable in vitro to human and animal strains of multiple S. aureus clones via a resident prophage. The transfer of the νSaβ appears to have been accomplished by multiple conversions of transducing phage particles carrying overlapping segments of the νSaβ. Our findings solve a long-standing mystery regarding the diversification and spread of the genomic island νSaβ, highlighting the central role of bacteriophages in the pathogenic evolution of S. aureus.
Subwavelength grating Bragg grating filters in silicon‐on‐insulator
Authors: Wang J. , Glesk I. , Chen L.R. 
Published: April 2015

Narrowband filters based on Bragg gratings (BGs) in subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides in silicon‐on‐insulator are reported. The SWG BGs are fabricated using electron beam lithography with a single etch. For SWG BGs 1.12 mm in length, the measured 3 dB bandwidths are ∼0.5 nm, and they have a peak reflectivity as high as 94.4% in the C‐band.
Cannabis Withdrawal and Sleep: A Systematic Review of Human Studies
Authors: Gates Peter , Albertella Lucy , Copeland Jan 
Published: April 2015

Background Sleep problems during withdrawal from cannabis use are a common experience. The details regarding how abstinence from cannabis impacts sleep are not well described. This article reviews the literature including a measure of cannabis withdrawal and sleep in humans. Methods A literature search using a set of cannabinoid and sleep-related terms was conducted across 8 electronic databases. Human studies that involved the administration of cannabinoids and at least 1 quantitative sleep-related measure were included. Review articles, opinion pieces, letters or editorials, case studies (final N < 8), published abstracts, posters, and non-English articles were excluded. Thirty-six publications were included in the review. Results Sleep was frequently interrupted during cannabis withdrawal, although the specific mechanisms of disruption remain unclear. Conclusions Methodological issues in the majority of studies to date preclude any definitive conclusion on the specific aspects of sleep that are affected.
Service Delivery and Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol use Disorder in the Era of Health Reform: Data from a National Sample of Treatment Organizations
Authors: Knudsen Hannah K. , Roman Paul M. 
Published: April 2015

Background Although there is a growing literature examining organizational characteristics and medication adoption, little is known about service delivery differences between specialty treatment organizations that have and have not adopted pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study compares adopters and nonadopters across a range of treatment services, including levels of care, availability of tailored services for specific populations, treatment philosophy and counseling orientations, and adoption of comprehensive wraparound services. Methods In-person interviews were conducted with program leaders from a national sample of 372 organizations that deliver AUD treatment services in the United States. Results About 23.6% of organizations had adopted at least 1 AUD medication. Organizations offering pharmacotherapy were similar to nonadopters across many measures of levels of care, tailored services, treatment philosophy, and social services. The primary area of difference between the 2 groups was for services related to health problems other than AUD. Pharmacotherapy adopters were more likely to offer primary medical care, medications for smoking cessation, and services to address co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Conclusions Service delivery differences were modest between adopters and nonadopters of AUD pharmacotherapy, with the exception of health-related services. However, the greater adoption of health-related services by organizations offering AUD pharmacotherapy represents greater medicalization of treatment, which may mean these programs are more strongly positioned to respond to opportunities for integration under health reform.
The Subprime Virus
Authors: Engel Kathleen C. , McCoy Patricia A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The subprime crisis shook the American economy to its core. How did it happen? Where was the government? Did anyone see the crisis coming? Will the new financial reforms avoid a repeat performance? This book answers these questions as it tells the story behind the subprime crisis. The book offers a reasoned account of the actions that produced the greatest economic collapse since the Great Depression. The book reveals how consumer abuses in a once obscure corner of the home mortgage market led to the near meltdown of the world's financial system. The book also delves into the roles of federal banking and securities regulators, who knew of lenders' hazardous mortgages and of Wall Street's addiction to high stakes financing, but did nothing until the crisis erupted.
Printed electrodes for flexible, light-weight solid-state supercapacitors – a feasibility study
Authors: Sagu Jagdeep S. , York Nicola , Southee Darren , Wijayantha K.G.U. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report on the feasibility of the manufacture of printed rechargeable power sources incorporating, in the first instance, electrode structures from the previous study, and moving on to improved electrode structures fabricated, via flexographic printing, using commercially available inks. It has been shown previously that offset lithography, a common printing technique, can be used to make electrodes for energy storage devices such as primary cells.

Design/methodology/approach
– A pair of the original Ag/C electrodes, printed via offset lithography, were sandwiched together with a PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and then sealed. The resultant structures were characterised using electrochemical techniques and the performance as supercapacitors assessed. Following these studies, electrode structures of the same dimensions, consisting of two layers, a silver-based current collector covered with a high surface area carbon layer, were printed flexographically, using inks, on a melinex substrate. The characterisation and assessment of these structures, as supercapacitors, was determined.

Findings
– It was found that the supercapacitors constructed using the offset lithographic electrodes exhibited a capacitance of 0.72 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 3.96 Ω. The structures fabricated via flexography exhibited a capacitance of 4 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 1.25 Ω The supercapacitor structures were subjected to bending and rolling tests to determine device performance under deformation and stress. It was found that supercapacitor performance was not significantly reduced by bending or rolling.

Originality/value
– This paper provides insight into the use of printed silver/carbon electrodes within supercapacitor structures and compares the performance of devices fabricated using inks for offset lithographic printing presses and those made using commercially available inks for flexographic printing. The potential viability of such structures for low-end and cheap energy storage devices is demonstrated.
Correlation analysis of wettability, intermetallic compound formation and PCB contamination
Authors: Steiner Frantisek , Rendl Karel , Wirth Vaclav 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to verify how solder joint properties correlate with soldering profile set-up. These characteristics act against each other. All observed properties may significantly affect the quality and reliability of solder joints. The purpose is also to design recommendations for manufacturers of electronic assemblies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The samples for experiment were reflowed by using a laboratory reflow oven. A LEXT laser confocal microscope was used for wetting angle and intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness measurement. The ionic contamination was measured by using a contaminometer.

Findings
– The appropriate choice of soldering profile is very important for the reliability of electronic assemblies. The higher temperatures or longer preheating and soldering times improve the wetting angle. Likewise, there is also the activation of all the fluxes. The result is low contamination with printed circuit boards (PCBs). On the other hand, we must not forget that higher temperatures and longer soldering time also affect the thickness of the IMC. The outer limits recommended by the manufacturer were selected for the soldering profile set-up. Even within these limits, it is possible to achieve an improvement in the wetting angle, an improvement in levels of PCB contamination and an increase in the thickness of the IMC. This paper presents the results achieved for solders Sn42Bi57.6Ag0.4, Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5 and Sn97Ag3.

Originality/value
– The gained knowledge on the correlation between IMC thickness, solderability of PCB and PCB contamination caused by different soldering profile set-ups can help to prevent reliability problems because each of the named effects has a significant influence on reliability.
Effects of within‐plant variability in seed weight and tannin content on foraging behaviour of seed consumers
Authors: Shimada Takuya , Takahashi Akiko , Shibata Mitsue , Yagihashi Tsutomu 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Individual plants provide a habitat patch for foragers where the sought‐after resources (e.g. leaves, fruits and seeds) are clustered in locally dense aggregations. Characteristics of these resources often vary greatly even within individual plants, which is known as within‐plant or subindividual variation. To best describe properties of the patch (individual plants), the higher moments of trait‐value distributions must be included in addition to the mean values. However, the question whether differences in within‐plant variability of a given trait influence the foraging behaviours of consumers has been mostly untested.

To test the hypothesis that differences in within‐plant variation of traits can influence the patch selection behaviour of seed consumers, we used the mean, coefficient of variation (CV) and skewness of within‐plant distributions of two Quercus serrata (Thunb) seed traits (weight and tannin content) as descriptors of plant phenotypes. We then examined the relationships between these descriptors and patch selection by the wood mouse Apodemus speciosus, where individual Quercus trees formed a foraging patch for seed removal.

We collected 8594 seeds from 26 individual trees in a forest in northern Japan. We then measured their weight and tannin content, marked and returned them to the locations where they were found, and traced their fates in relation to seed removal by the wood mouse. Tannin content was nondestructively estimated using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

There was notable within‐plant variation in seed weight and tannin content. Generalized additive modelling revealed that trees with a large mean and CV of seed weight and those with a small CV and skewness of tannin content had a high frequency of seed removal.

These results highlight the importance of considering the within‐plant distribution of seed trait values, in addition to the mean trait values of individual seeds, when describing plant phenotypes. The inclusion of these data is essential to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes at work in plant–animal interactions.
How to not speak the ‘F‐word’: Federalism between mirage and imperative in the euro crisis
Authors: Borriello Arthur , Crespy Amandine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe recent financial and debt crisis has resuscitated the debate about European federalism – a theme that seemed not to have survived the painful constitutional adventure that ended with the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. With the adoption of significant policy and institutional measures for tightening macroeconomic and budgetary coordination (including a constitutionally enshrined debt brake), the reforms of the monetary union have undisputedly brought the European Union further on the path towards an ever closer union. In an era where EU integration has been increasingly politicised, and Euroscepticism has been on the rise and exploited by anti‐system parties, national leaders have to face a political hiatus and respond to increased needs for symbolic and discursive legitimation of further federalisation. This is all the more crucial for French and German leaders who have brokered the main decisions during the crisis of the eurozone. Against this background, the purpose of this article is not to assess whether, or to what extent, the recent reforms of economic and monetary union have made the EU more federal. Rather, the purpose is to tackle the following puzzle: How have EU leaders legitimised the deepening of federal integration in a context where support for more European federalism is at its lowest? To elucidate this, a lexicographic discourse analysis is conducted based on all speeches held by the German Chancellor Merkel and the two French Presidents Sarkozy and Hollande, previous to, or after European summits from early 2010 until the spring of 2013. The findings indicate that federalism is both taboo and pervasive in French and German leaders' discourse. The paradox is barely apparent, though. While the ‘F‐word’ is rarely spoken aloud, two distinctive visions co‐exist in the French and German discourse. The coming of age of a political union through constitutional federalism is pictured as ineluctable, yet as a distant mirage out of reach of today's decision makers. At the same time, the deepening of functional federalism in order to cope with economic interdependence is a ubiquitous imperative that justifies further integration. The persisting gap between the constitutional and the functional vision of European federalism has crucial implications. Insofar as the Union is held responsible for not delivering successful economic policy, political leaders will fail to legitimise both functional and constitutional federalism.
The pathogenetic role of rod‐shaped bacteria containing intracellular granules in the vellus hairs of a patient with perioral dermatitis: A comparison with perioral corticosteroid‐induced rosacea
Authors: Maeda Azusa , Ishiguro Naoko , Kawashima Makoto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe cause of perioral dermatitis is still unknown. We previously reported that rod‐shaped bacteria (RB) containing intracellular granules were detected in cases of perioral dermatitis at a high incidence. The aim of this study was to study further the role of RB in perioral dermatitis. Altogether 10 patients with perioral dermatitis and eight patients with perioral corticosteroid‐induced rosacea, who were referred to our department from 2009 to 2014, were examined for the presence of RB, using the tape‐stripping toluidine blue method. RB were detected on the surfaces of the roots of vellus hairs from lesions in nine of the 10 patients with perioral dermatitis. In contrast, RB were not detected in any of the eight patients with perioral corticosteroid‐induced rosacea. No RB were found in the perioral areas of other types of facial dermatitis, including atopic dermatitis and seboerrheic dermatitis or in 16 healthy controls. We treated four of the patients with perioral dermatitis with minocycline hydrochloride and five with cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate. Three of the patients with perioral dermatitis who were treated with minocycline hydrochloride were cured in 3 to 8 weeks, while the five patients treated with cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate were cured in 2 to 9 weeks. These results strongly suggest that RB (possible fusobacteria) play an important role in perioral dermatitis and that this is probably a distinct clinical entity from corticosteroid‐induced rosacea. Cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride hydrate seems to be an effective treatment for perioral dermatitis associated with RB.
Renal Transplantation by Automatic Anastomotic Device in a Porcine Model
Authors: Lo Monte Attilio Ignazio , Damiano Giuseppe , Palumbo Vincenzo Davide , Spinelli Gabriele , Buscemi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAutomatic vascular staplers for vascular anastomoses in kidney transplantation may dramatically reduce the operative time and, in particular, warm ischemia time, thus increasing the outcome of transplantation. Ten pigs underwent kidney auto‐transplantation by automatic anastomotic device. Kidneys were collected by laparotomy with selective ligations at the renal hilum and perfused with cold storage solution. To overcome the shortage in length of renal hilum, a tract of the internal jugular vein was harvested to increase the length of the vessels. The anastomoses were totally performed by the use of the anastomotic device. On 10 kidney transplants, nine were successful and no complications occurred. Renal resistive indexes showed a slight increase in the immediate postoperative period returning normal at 10 days of follow‐up. We demonstrated the possibility to perform renal vascular anastomoses by means of an automatic anastomotic device. This instrument developed for coronary bypass surgery by virtue of the small caliber of the vessels could be adopted on a larger scale for renal transplantation. The reduced warm ischemia time needed for anastomosis may help to achieve a better outcome for the graft and expand the pool of marginal donors in renal transplantation.
Atraumatic Pulsatile Leukocyte Circulation for Long‐Term In Vitro Dynamic Culture and Adhesion Assays
Authors: Mazza Giulia , Stoiber Martin , Pfeiffer Dagmar , Schima Heinrich 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLow flow rate pumping of cell suspensions finds current applications in bioreactors for short‐term dynamic cell culture and adhesion assays. The aim of this study was to develop an atraumatic pump and hemodynamically adapted test circuit to allow operating periods of at least several hours. A computer‐controlled mini‐pump (MP) was constructed based on non‐occlusive local compression of an elastic tube with commercial bi‐leaflet valves directing the pulsatile flow into a compliant circuit. Cell damage and activation in the system were tested with whole blood in comparison with a set with a conventional peristaltic pump (PP). Activation of circulating THP‐1 monocytes was tested by measuring the expression of CD54 (ICAM‐1). Additionally, monocyte‐endothelial interactions were monitored using a parallel‐plate flow chamber with an artificial stenosis. The system required a priming volume of only 20 mL, delivering a peak pulsatile flow of up to 35 mL/min. After 8 h, blood hemolysis was significantly lower for MP with 11 ± 3 mg/dL compared with PP with 100 ± 16 mg/dL. CD142 (tissue factor) expression on blood monocytes was 50% lower for MP. With MP, THP‐1 cells could be pumped for extended periods (17 h), with no enhanced expression of CD54 permitting the long‐term co‐culture of THP‐1 with endothelial cells and the analysis of flow pattern effects on cell adhesion. A low‐damage assay setup was developed, which allows the pulsatile flow of THP‐1 cells and investigation of their interaction with other cells or surfaces for extended periods of time.