bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Change in the Formulation of Lanthanum Carbonate on Laboratory Parameters
Authors: Takita Takako , Furuhashi Mitsuyoshi , Fujimoto Taiki , Suzuki Hiroo , Harada Masaki , Maruyama Satoshi , Tamiya Rika , Kamiya Eri , Okamoto Mari , Tukada Atsuyo , Furuhashi Mikako , Kato Akihiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLanthanum carbonate (LC) is available in the two formulations of chewable tablets and granules. In this study, we changed the formulation of LC from chewable tablet to granules, and compared the laboratory parameters for 3 months before and after changing formulation in 58 hemodialysis (HD) patients. We also surveyed patients about their preferences for the two formulations. The mean serum phosphorus (P) levels decreased significantly (P < 0.01) from 6.7 mg/dL to 6.4 mg/dL after the change. The levels for serum albumin and geriatric nutritional risk index increased significantly (P < 0.01). Serum calcium levels also increased significantly (P < 0.01), while serum intact parathyroid hormone levels decreased significantly (P < 0.01). In the survey, approximately half of the patients responded that the granules were easier to take than the chewable tablets. These findings suggest that changing the formulation of LC to granules may reduce serum P levels of the HD patients in clinical practices.
Multicenter Study on the Long‐Term (3‐Year) Efficacy of Lanthanum Carbonate in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Ando Ryoichi , Yama Satomi , Ohnishi Tsuyoshi , Iwamoto Shunsuke , Kimura Hitoshi , Chida Yoshiko , Ishida Yuji , Yamada Kouei , Inagaki Yuichiro , Takayama Masanobu , Tachibana Ken , Kikuchi Kan , Inoue Atsushi , Ohtsuka Masakazu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe previously conducted a multicenter study enrolling 101 dialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia in which lanthanum carbonate (LC) was administered for 2 years. In this study, the administration has been continued for an additional year, and we have evaluated the long‐term (a total of 3 years) effects of LC. The average serum phosphorus (P) level was 6.05 mg/dL at the start and decreased to 5.84 mg/dL after 3 years, but no significant differences were observed at both points. The average serum corrected calcium (Ca) level significantly reduced after 3 years (P < 0.001). As results of evaluating the achievement rates with the management target values of serum P, Ca and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) stated in the Japanese guideline, the achievement rates increased after 3 years. From these results, LC is considered to be a useful P binder that can be used for long‐term treatment of hyperphosphatemia, without causing a Ca load.
Assessment of cone beam CT registration for prostate radiation therapy: Fiducial marker and soft tissue methods
Authors: Deegan Timothy , Owen Rebecca , Holt Tanya , Fielding Andrew , Biggs Jennifer , Parfitt Matthew , Coates Alicia , Roberts Lisa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis investigation aimed to assess the consistency and accuracy of radiation therapists (RTs) performing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) alignment to fiducial markers (FMs) (CBCTFM) and the soft tissue prostate (CBCTST).MethodsSix patients receiving prostate radiation therapy underwent daily CBCTs. Manual alignment of CBCTFM and CBCTST was performed by three RTs. Inter‐observer agreement was assessed using a modified Bland–Altman analysis for each alignment method. Clinically acceptable 95% limits of agreement with the mean (LoAmean) were defined as ±2.0 mm for CBCTFM and ±3.0 mm for CBCTST. Differences between CBCTST alignment and the observer‐averaged CBCTFM (AvCBCTFM) alignment were analysed. Clinically acceptable 95% LoA were defined as ±3.0 mm for the comparison of CBCTST and AvCBCTFM.ResultsCBCTFM and CBCTST alignments were performed for 185 images. The CBCTFM 95% LoAmean were within ±2.0 mm in all planes. CBCTST 95% LoAmean were within ±3.0 mm in all planes. Comparison of CBCTST with AvCBCTFM resulted in 95% LoA of −4.9 to 2.6, −1.6 to 2.5 and −4.7 to 1.9 mm in the superior–inferior, left–right and anterior–posterior planes, respectively.ConclusionsSignificant differences were found between soft tissue alignment and the predicted FM position. FMs are useful in reducing inter‐observer variability compared with soft tissue alignment. Consideration needs to be given to margin design when using soft tissue matching due to increased inter‐observer variability. This study highlights some of the complexities of soft tissue guidance for prostate radiation therapy.
Sold Futures? The Global Availability of Metals and Economic Growth at the Peripheries: Distribution and Regulation in a Degrowth Perspective
Authors: Exner Andreas , Lauk Christian , Zittel Werner 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn recent years, the strategic role certain metals play is seen as central to the geopolitics promulgated by state agents in the North. While a switch to renewable energy and an increase in energy efficiency might be instrumental to reducing dependence on fossil energy, it increases dependence on metals. This paper starts from an analysis of the likely availability of metals in the near future and then proceeds to investigate political concerns raised by considering the geological fundamentals of social development at the peripheries of the capitalist world‐system. The inequality of metal stocks, future metal requirements and the ensuing political challenges are investigated, taking copper as an example. The final section is dedicated to the discussion of regulatory challenges in view of multiple constraints on metal extraction. This section also highlights the preconditions of a socially legitimate transition to a renewable energy system in the coming period of socio‐ecological transformation.
The reciprocal internal/external frame of reference model using grades and test scores
Authors: Möller Jens , Zimmermann Friederike , Köller Olaf 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe reciprocal I/E model (RI/EM) combines the internal/external frame of reference model (I/EM) with the reciprocal effects model (REM). The RI/EM extends the I/EM longitudinally and the REM across domains. The model predicts that, within domains, mathematics and verbal achievement (VACH) and academic self‐concept have positive effects on subsequent mathematics and VACH and academic self‐concept within domains but have negative effects across domains.AimsThe main purpose is to validate the RI/EM and extend it using objective achievement indicators and grades.SampleTwo waves of data collection from grade 5 to grade 9 with N = 1,045 secondary school students were used.MethodsTest scores, grades, and self‐concept data were obtained. The main analyses were conducted using hierarchical linear modelling.ResultsThe positive longitudinal effects of grades and test scores on subsequent grades, test scores and academic self‐concept within domains and the negative effects of grades and test scores on subsequent academic self‐concept across domains supported the RI/EM. The effects of academic self‐concept on subsequent grades and test scores across domains were near zero when prior achievement indicators were controlled for. Overall, the results using school grades as achievement measures were replicated using standardized achievement test scores.ConclusionsThe results serve to highlight the importance of the combination of common theories, which are mostly investigated individually, to enhance our understanding of the complexity of within‐ and across‐domain relations between academic self‐concepts and achievement using grades as well as test scores.
Serum free thyroxine levels are positively associated with arterial stiffness in the SardiNIA study
Authors: Delitala Alessandro P. , Orrù Marco , Filigheddu Fabiana , Pilia Maria Grazia , Delitala Giuseppe , Ganau Antonello , Saba Pier Sergio , Decandia Federica , Scuteri Angelo , Marongiu Michele , Lakatta Edward G. , Strait James , Cucca Francesco 
Published: June 2014

SummaryObjectiveThyroid dysfunction may accelerate atherosclerosis. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an early index of arterial stiffness and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and might therefore be linked to changes in thyroid activity. We investigated the relationship between thyroid function and carotid‐femoral PWV, as an index of arterial stiffness.DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.PatientsParticipants from the SardiNIA study. Those being treated for thyroid diseases were excluded, yielding a sample of 5875 aged 14–102.MeasurementsClinical parameters, blood tests including serum TSH and serum FT4, and carotid‐femoral PWV were measured.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, a direct and linear association between FT4 and PWV was shown (multiple regression analysis). The model containing age, mean blood pressure, body mass index, heart rate, FT4, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia accounted for 55% of the variation in PWV.ConclusionsLike several other known risk factors, serum FT4 levels are associated with carotid‐femoral PWV, suggesting that high FT4 levels have a detrimental effect on aortic stiffness and may contribute to ageing process of the vascular system. This finding may help to understand the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and contribute to improve prevention therapy.
Anticoagulation Therapy is Harmful to Large‐Sized Cerebellar Infarction
Authors: Zhang She‐Qing , Wang Wei , Ma Xiao‐Long , Xia Yu‐Ye , Liu Ai‐Jun 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAimAnticoagulants are commonly used to treat ischemic stroke. Its impact on cerebellar infarction has not been fully understood.MethodsIn the clinical study, we reviewed a consecutive series of patients with large‐sized cerebellar infarction (diameter > 3 cm, n = 30) treated with or without anticoagulation. In animal study, cerebellar infarction operation was performed in 12 Cynomolgus monkeys. Then the animals were administrated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or vehicle for 14 days.ResultsSix patients died during the following treatment. All the subjects that died received anticoagulation therapy, while nobody in the survival group received such a therapy. Compared with sham‐operated animals, all monkeys with cerebellar infarction have obvious neurological deficits. The number and size of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar area were also reduced. Two animals in the LMWH group (33%) died, while all animals in the vehicle control group survived. Compared with the vehicle group, the neurological score in the LMWH group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The water content in the cerebella was also significantly higher (P < 0.05). Edema, hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred in the cerebella as well as brainstem of all the LMWH treated animals.ConclusionsThese results indicated the harmful effects of anticoagulation therapy on large‐sized cerebellar infarction.
New molecular targets in the pathophysiology of obesity and available treatment options under investigation
Authors: Valsamakis G. , Lois K. , Kumar S. , Mastorakos G. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe pharmacotherapy of obesity has historically recorded an overall poor safety and efficacy profile largely because of the complex mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. It is hoped that a better understanding of the regulation of body weight will lead us to the development of effective and safer drugs. Recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of energy homeostasis has allowed the design of novel anti‐obesity drugs targeting specific molecules crucial for the modulation of energy balance, including drugs that induce satiety, modulate nutrient absorption or influence metabolism or lipogenesis. Almost a decade after the Food and Drug Administration approved the first weight loss medication, it recently approved two novel anti‐obesity drugs Belviq (lorcaserin) and Qsymia (topiramate and phentermine), thus signalling the beginning of a new era in the pharmacotherapy of obesity. It is believed that the next generation of weight‐loss drugs will be based on combination treatments with gut hormones in a manner that mimics the changes underlying surgically induced weight loss thus introducing the so called ‘bariatric pharmacotherapy’. An in‐depth understanding of the interrelated physiological and behavioural effects of these new molecules together with the development of new treatment paradigms is needed so that future disappointments in the field of obesity pharmacotherapy may be avoided.
Association between parents' trust in mental health professionals and disengagement from psychiatric service within the first 6 months of initial treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Ishikura Shigeko , Yamasaki Syudo , Ando Shuntaro , Nishida Atsushi , Tanoue Michika , Niimura Junko , Asukai Nozomu , Okazaki Yuji 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between parents' encounter with reliable mental health professionals and disengagement from initial treatment among patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis study was a part of the Reaching People Early Tokyo Survey. Participants were recruited from groups for family members of people with mental ill‐health around Tokyo. Self‐report questionnaires completed by 467 parents were analysed.ResultsDisengagement rate was 16.2% among patients whose parents met reliable mental health professionals within the initial 6 months, but 33.7% among patients whose parents did not report meeting such professionals. The odds of disengagement was less than half in the first group than in the second group (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.21–0.67).ConclusionsEstablishing trust with family members might prevent disengagement from initial treatment among patients with schizophrenia. Mental health professionals should spend time to build a trusting relationship with families within the initial period of treatment.
Involvement of calpain‐7 in epidermal growth factor receptor degradation via the endosomal sorting pathway
Authors: Maemoto Yuki , Ono Yasuko , Kiso Satomi , Shibata Hideki , Takahara Terunao , Sorimachi Hiroyuki , Maki Masatoshi 
Published: June 2014

Calpain‐7 (CAPN7) is a unique intracellular cysteine protease that has a tandem repeat of microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains and lacks a penta‐EF‐hand domain. Although the MIT domains of CAPN7 were previously shown to interact with a subset of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)‐III and ESCRT‐III‐related proteins, including charged multivesicular body protein 1 and increased sodium tolerance (IST)1, knowledge of the involvement of the protease in membrane trafficking has been limited. In the present study, compared with control cells, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation was mildly delayed in CAPN7‐knockdown HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells established from CAPN7 knockout (Capn7−/−) mice. Re‐expression of wild‐type CAPN7 but not a protease‐inactive mutant of CAPN7 (CAPN7C290S) resulted in a recovery of the rate of EGFR degradation. We found, by immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, that monomeric GFP fused with the protease‐inactive mutant of CAPN7 [monomeric green fluorescent protein (mGFP)‐CAPN7C290S] was mobilized to EGFR‐positive endosomes upon epidermal growth factor stimulation in HeLa cells. Although mGFP‐CAPN7C290S exhibited dominant‐negative effects on EGFR degradation, a deletion mutant of MIT domains in mGFP‐CAPN7C290S did not have such properties, suggesting that the interaction between the MIT domains and ESCRT proteins is important for the function of CAPN7. Moreover, we found that epidermal growth factor stimulation induces translocation of IST1 from the cytosol to endosomes positive in both EGFR and mGFP‐CAPN7C290S. When IST1 was knocked down, mGFP‐CAPN7C290S lost its co‐localization with EGFR. These results demonstrate for the first time that the proteolytic activity of CAPN7 is important for the acceleration of EGFR degradation via the endosomal sorting pathway utilizing a part of the ESCRT system.Structured digital abstract

EGFR and CAPN7 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

EGFR, CAPN7 and IST1 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

EEA1 and CAPN7 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

CAPN7 and LAMP1 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)
Naïve migrants and the use of magnetic cues: temporal fluctuations in the geomagnetic field differentially affect male and femaleRuffPhilomachus pugnaxduring their first migration
Authors: Rakhimberdiev Eldar , Karagicheva Julia , Jaatinen Kim , Winkler David W. , Phillips John B. , Piersma Theunis 
Published: June 2014

In many species, naïve first‐time migrants undertake migration without adults, supposedly on the basis of a ‘simple’ vector programme that combines an innate directional preference with a temporal programme that specifies distance. In strongly dimorphic species in which the sexes show distinct ecological requirements, the innate mechanisms of navigation may be expected to diverge between males and females with respect to their specific destinations. Based on captures of juvenile RuffPhilomachus pugnaxat a migratory stopover over 21 years, a correlation was found between the year‐specific sex ratio and the global magnetic field disturbance during the 2 weeks prior to the peak of captures in that year. This suggests that males and females respond differently to geomagnetic disturbance with changes in either the direction of migration or the level of migratory activity, and implies sex‐specificity in the use of their geomagnetic navigational ‘toolbox’.
Mitochondrial, nuclear, and endosymbiotic diversity of two recently introduced populations of the invasive Bemisia tabaci MED species in La Réunion
Authors: Thierry Magali , Bile Audrey , Grondin Martial , Reynaud Bernard , Becker Nathalie , Delatte Hélène 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a worldwide pest considered to be a complex of cryptic species. Its identification is primarily based on mitochondrial COI sequences. Microsatellite markers can also be used to identify this species and to study its population structure. Moreover, B. tabaci species harbour quite specific endosymbiont communities that can constitute additional markers for identification. Previous studies have demonstrated the occurrence of two B. tabaci species on the island of La Réunion: the exotic MEAM1 and the indigenous IO. A recent field survey revealed unusually high densities of whiteflies in Saint Pierre, and this could reflect the introduction of a new B. tabaci species.

To test the putative introduction of a new invasive species, B. tabaci individuals were collected at Saint Pierre and at six additional sites. Among these samples, analyses were conducted on mitochondrial COI, microsatellites, and endosymbiont communities.

Based on the mitochondrial COI marker, we detected in Saint Pierre two subgroups (Eastern and Western) characteristic of the invasive MED species. This is the first time these subgroups have been found in La Réunion. The analysis of microsatellite data from the seven sites around the island showed that (i) the geographical distribution of MED seems confined to Saint Pierre, (ii) no hybrids were detected between MED individuals and the resident species, and (iii) the MED population, while exhibiting two mitochondrial haplotypes, has a homogenous nuclear genetic background. The two MED subgroups differing in their mitochondrial haplotype also specifically differed in their endosymbiotic diversity.
Midurethral autologous fascial sling surgery with reconstruction of the lower abdominal wall using the tensor fascia lata muscle flap for post‐hemipelvectomy stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Niimi Aya , Igawa Yasuhiko , Fujimura Tetsuya , Suzuki Motofumi , Mihara Makoto , Koshima Isao , Homma Yukio 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHemipelvectomy is surgery for pelvic bone neoplasms. In the case of pubic bone osteosarcoma, the distal end of the rectus abdominis muscle is severed from the pubic and ischium bones, and the pelvic floor muscles are resected en bloc with the bone, which leads to stress urinary incontinence. Cancer control is prioritized over complications, and stress urinary incontinence is generally disregarded. A 25‐year‐old woman presented with stress urinary incontinence. She had undergone a hemipelvectomy for left pubic bone osteosarcoma, and stress urinary incontinence appeared and persisted since the surgery. We carried out a reconstruction of the tissue deficit of the rectus abdominis using the tensor fascia lata muscle flap simultaneously with a midurethral autologous fascial sling anchoring to the tensor fascia lata flap. Stress incontinence was successfully improved without morbidity. This is the first reported case of midurethral suspension with reconstruction of the lower abdominal wall with the tensor fascia lata flap for post‐hemipelvectomy stress urinary incontinence.
Myxobolus cerebralis (Hofer) infection risk in native cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson) and its relationships to tributary environments in the Yellowstone Lake Basin
Authors: Murcia S , Kerans B L , Koel T M , MacConnell E 
Published: June 2014

AbstractConservation of native species is challenged by the introduction of non‐native pathogens and diseases into aquatic and terrestrial environments worldwide. In the Yellowstone Lake basin, Yellowstone National Park, the invasive parasite causing salmonid whirling disease Myxobolus cerebralis (Hofer) has been identified as one factor contributing to population declines of native Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (Jordan & Gilbert). In 2002 and 2003, we examined relationships between the stream environment and severity of M. cerebralis infection in native trout. Coefficients of variation of environmental features were calculated to examine variability. Ten years later, we reassessed infection levels at 22 tributaries broadly across the system. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) of physical features (2003) were negatively correlated with infection severity, mostly in lower jaw cartilage of cutthroat trout, and PCA of chemical features (and temperature) correlated with infection severity in cranial cartilage. Pelican Creek, where M. cerebralis prevalence and severity was high 2002–2003, remained high in 2012. We did not find evidence that the parasite had dispersed further within the system. Variable environmental features (physiological stress) across short spatiotemporal scales within a stream or season may possibly predispose salmonids to infection in the wild and facilitate parasite establishment.