bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Bi Superconducting Grains Including Seed Crystals by Shock Compaction
Authors: Kezuka Hiroshi , Endo Kazuhiro , Kameya Takaki , Itoh Mineo , Matsumoto Hitoshi , Kishimura Hiroaki , Endo Tamio , Arisawa Shunichi 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTWe have fabricated Bi2212 and Bi2223 bulk samples by shock compaction technique. Seed crystals were added to the starting materials in order to promote crystallization. The grain size of the prepared sample was increased by the addition of seed crystals to the starting material.
Sensitivity of UO2 Stability in a Reducing Environment on Radiolysis Model Parameters
Authors: Wittman Richard S. , Buck Edgar C. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTResults for a radiolysis model sensitivity study of radiolytically produced H2O2 are presented as they relate to Spent (or Used) Light Water Reactor uranium oxide (UO2) nuclear fuel (UNF) oxidation in a low oxygen environment. The model builds on previous reaction kinetic studies to represent the radiolytic processes occurring at the nuclear fuel surface. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the dominant oxidant for spent nuclear fuel in an O2-depleted water environment. The most sensitive parameters have been identified with respect to predictions under typical conditions. As compared with the full model with about 100 reactions, it was found that only 30 to 40 of the reactions are required to determine [H2O2] to one part in 10–5 and to preserve most of the predictions for major species. This allows a systematic approach for model simplification and offers guidance in designing experiments for validation.
Redesign of Carbon Materials for Novel Storage, Mechanical and Optical Properties
Authors: Leoni Stefano , Baburin Igor A. , Boulfelfel S. E. , Selli D. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTWe revisit the polymorphism of carbon along two directions. First, we discover novel polymorphs in the vicinity of graphite, with outstanding optical and mechanical properties. Using numerical methods and graph-theoretical tools, we find as many as 4 novel superhard and transparent polymorphs, with great technological potential. Second, scaling up a model of rod packing to carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffoldings, we discover that such complex assemblies of CNTs are outstanding adsorbers of hydrogen, capable of reaching the DOE target (~6.0 wt% at ambient conditions). Along this line, we highlight novel paradigms for revisiting carbon, in view of remarkable qualities and superior properties.
Graphene Metrology Using Fluorescence Quenching of Different Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Bay Hamed Hosseini , Ghazinejad Maziar , Penchev Miroslav , Ruiz Isaac , Mutlu Zafer , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz S. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe unique structure and properties of graphene initiated broad fundamental and technological research, and highlighted graphene as a new candidate for various applications such as energy storage, solar cells and electronic devices. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been utilized for industrial large-scale synthesis of graphene. Regardless of the synthesis process, graphene should be transferred to arbitrary substrates for different applications. The transfer processes, introduce defects such as wrinkles and cracks in graphene which compromise the properties and applications. In recent years, fundamental research has been focused on characterization of graphene to develop new techniques for large-scale, high-resolution graphene metrology. Herein, a complementary high throughput metrology technique using fluorescent quenching is further investigated for different fluorescent dyes to characterize CVD synthesized graphene.
Playing Industrial Hygiene to Win
Authors: Tarlau Eileen Senn 
Published: August 2012

ITEM — Numerous workers become sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a plant manufacturing foam automobile seats. Personal air sampling conducted by corporate industrial hygienists consistently shows levels of TDI to be within all legal and recommended standards. ITEM — Dozens of workers in a new office building suffer eye, nose and throat irritation. Vendors who supplied the furniture, partitions and carpeting all reveal that they used formaldehyde in their products. Air samples collected by an indoor air quality consultant, however, show formaldehyde levels in compliance with the new Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard. ITEM — Workers at a construction site become ill and bulk samples of the soil reveal high levels of phenols and many other chemicals. Industrial hygienists from OSHA collect personal air samples but can find no violations of OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). ITEM — Machinery noise levels at a carburetor rebuilding factory create stressful working conditions and damage workers' hearing. An OSHA industrial hygienist measures noise levels high enough for management to require workers to wear ear plugs but not high enough to require management to quiet the machinery.
Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases Interleukin-10 Levels of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Obese Patients With Dyslipidemia
Authors: Satoh-Asahara Noriko , Shimatsu Akira , Sasaki Yousuke , Nakaoka Hidenori , Himeno Akihiro , Tochiya Mayu , Kono Shigeo , Takaya Tomohide , Ono Koh , Wada Hiromichi , Suganami Takayoshi , Hasegawa Koji , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
It has recently been highlighted that proinflammatory (M1) macrophages predominate over anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in obesity, thereby contributing to obesity-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. A recent clinical trial revealed that highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces the incidence of major coronary events. In this study, we examined the effect of EPA on M1/M2-like phenotypes of peripheral blood monocytes in obese dyslipidemic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Peripheral blood monocytes were prepared from 26 obese patients without and 90 obese patients with dyslipidemia. Of the latter 90 obese patients with dyslipidemia, 82 patients were treated with or without EPA treatment (1.8 g daily) for 3 months.

RESULTS
Monocytes in obese patients with dyslipidemia showed a significantly lower expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an M2 marker, than those without dyslipidemia. EPA significantly increased serum IL-10 and EPA levels, the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, and monocyte IL-10 expression and decreased the pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of arterial stiffness, compared with the control group. After EPA treatment, the serum EPA/AA ratio was significantly correlated with monocyte IL-10 expression. Only increases in monocyte IL-10 expression and serum adiponectin were independent determinants of a decreased PWV by EPA. Furthermore, EPA significantly increased the expression and secretion of IL-10 in human monocytic THP-1 cells through a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)γ-dependent pathway.

CONCLUSIONS
This study is the first to show that EPA increases the monocyte IL-10 expression in parallel with decrease of arterial stiffness, which may contribute to the antiatherogenic effect of EPA in obese dyslipidemic patients.
HbA1c Diagnostic Categories and β-Cell Function Relative to Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight/Obese Adolescents
Authors: Sjaarda Lindsey A. , Michaliszyn Sara F. , Lee SoJung , Tfayli Hala , Bacha Fida , Farchoukh Lama , Arslanian Silva A. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
The recommended HbA1c diagnostic categories remain controversial and their utility in doubt in pediatrics. We hypothesized that alterations in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes may be evident in the American Diabetes Association recommended at-risk/prediabetes category (HbA1c 5.7 to &lt;6.5%).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We compared in vivo hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity by [6,6-2H2] glucose and a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and β-cell function by a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp (∼225 mg/dL) in overweight/obese (BMI ≥85th percentile) adolescents with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7 to &lt;6.5%) (n = 160) to those with normal HbA1c (&lt;5.7%) (n = 44). β-Cell function was expressed relative to insulin sensitivity (i.e., the disposition index = insulin sensitivity × first-phase insulin).

RESULTS
In the prediabetes versus normal HbA1c category, fasting glucose, insulin, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) area under the curve for glucose and insulin were significantly higher; hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were lower; and β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity was lower (366 ± 48 vs. 524 ± 25 mg/kg/min; P = 0.005). A total of 27% of youth in the normal HbA1c category and 41% in the prediabetes HbA1c category had dysglycemia (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) by a 2-h OGTT.

CONCLUSIONS
Overweight/obese adolescents with HbA1c in the at-risk/prediabetes category demonstrate impaired β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity, a metabolic marker for heightened risk of type 2 diabetes. Thus, HbA1c may be a suitable screening tool in large-scale epidemiological observational and/or interventional studies examining the progression or reversal of type 2 diabetes risk.
In Vitro Shear Bond Strength of Three Self-adhesive Resin Cements and a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement to Various Prosthodontic Substrates
Authors: Sabatini Camila , Patel Manthan , D'Silva Eric 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYObjectiveTo evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of three self-adhesive resin cements and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to different prosthodontic substrates.Materials and MethodsThe substrates base metal, noble metal, zirconia, ceramic, and resin composite were used for bonding with different cements (n=12). Specimens were placed in a bonding jig, which was filled with one of four cements (RelyX Unicem, Multilink Automix, Maxcem Elite, and FujiCEM Automix). Both light-polymerizing (LP) and self-polymerizing (SP) setting reactions were tested. Shear bond strength was measured at 15 minutes and 24 hours in a testing device at a test speed of 1 mm/min and expressed in MPa. A Student t-test and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate differences between setting reactions, between testing times, and among cements irrespective of other factors. Generalized linear regression model and Tukey tests were used for multifactorial analysis.ResultsSignificantly higher mean SBS were demonstrated for LP mode relative to SP mode (p&lt;0.001) and for 24 hours relative to 15 minutes (p&lt;0.001). Multifactorial analysis revealed that all factors (cement, substrate, and setting reaction) and all their interactions had a significant effect on the bond strength (p&lt;0.001). Resin showed significantly higher SBS than other substrates when bonded to RelyX Unicem and Multilink Automix in LP mode (p&lt;0.05). Overall, FujiCEM demonstrated significantly lower SBS than the three self-adhesive resin cements (p&lt;0.05).ConclusionsOverall, higher bond strengths were demonstrated for LP relative to SP mode, 24 hours relative to 15 minutes and self-adhesive resin cements compared to the RMGICs. Bond strengths also varied depending on the substrate, indicating that selection of luting cement should be partially dictated by the substrate and the setting reaction.
Attachment style, relationship status, gender and relational competences among young adults
Authors: Adamczyk Katarzyna , Pilarska Aleksandra 
Published: August 2012

Attachment style, relationship status, gender and relational competences among young adults
The seeking of a lifetime partner/spouse, establishing and maintaining close relationships are central developmental tasks in young adulthood. In successful achievement of these tasks relational competences may play a crucial role, thus making it reasonable to study their conditions. This article provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between relational competences and attachment style, relationship status, and gender. It presents a study of a normal sample of 423 young adults, aged 20-35, who completed The Questionnaire of Relational Competences in Intimate Relationships, Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and Demographic Questionnaire. The analysis of the data revealed that in the description of various relational competences all three factors play an important role. It has also turned out that the association between relational competences and attachment style is influenced by the circumstances pertaining to relationship status.
Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between anxiety and health behaviors of obese adolescents
Authors: Ziarko Michał , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Mojs Ewa 
Published: August 2012

Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between anxiety and health behaviors of obese adolescents
Obesity is one of the major health problems in adolescents. Health-detrimental lifestyle (i.e. lack of physical activity, inappropriate nutrition) as well as maladaptive styles of coping with stress are regarded as belonging among determinants of obesity. The aim of the study was to establish factors mediating between anxiety and diet-related health behaviors. Participants in the study were 113 adolescents with obesity whose body weight was over 97th centile. They were examined using a set of self-report questionnaires to measure anxiety, coping styles and health behaviors. Emotion-focused coping and seeking social contacts (social diversion) were found to act as mediators between adolescents' trait anxiety and their health behaviors. The findings suggest that to enhance obese adolescents' health-promoting behaviors appropriate conditions should be ensured that would not only enable them to express their emotions, but also promote their socializing with peers.
Psychiatrists' accounts of clinical significance in depression
Authors: Galasiński Dariusz 
Published: August 2012

Psychiatrists' accounts of clinical significance in depression
Clinical significance is a crucial element in the diagnosis of mental illness, yet, it is practically untheorised and significantly under-researched. This article takes up the question of how the criterion of clinical significance is translated into psychiatric practice. More particularly, it examines how psychiatrists account for the threshold between health and depression. The paper is anchored in the constructionist view of discourse underpinned by the assumptions of critically oriented discourse analysis. It is based upon a convenience sample of 39 semi-structured interviews with specialist-psychiatrists in south-western Poland. There is no discursive space for clinical significance in psychiatrists' accounts. There is no boundary, no decision to be taken as to whether the symptoms are clinically significant. Depression, invariably constructed in terms of diagnostic criteria, is always represented as fully developed, appearing out of thin air, with no period of falling ill. The article raises the issue of the validity and usefulness of psychiatric diagnosis.
Socially oriented preferences in decision making and their relation with work and home environment
Authors: Hełka Anna 
Published: August 2012

Socially oriented preferences in decision making and their relation with work and home environment
The aim of this paper was to create a psychometric instrument for the measurement of socially oriented preferences in economic decisions made in professional and private life as well as at scrutinizing the effects of various environmental variables on these preferences. For this purpose, two surveys were carried out on a group of adult working Poles (N=348+487=835). The idea of the new questionnaire and the results of factor analysis are described herein, along with the other examinations confirming the accuracy of the new instrument. A significant correspondence between eight situational factors: five in professional life (goal setting strategy, work style, role and responsibility, position, non-financial rewards) and three in private life (frequency of family meeting, marital status, parenthood), and the intensity of socially oriented preferences in economic decisions was confirmed. Both surveys showed that these preferences undergo significant alterations along with each slightest change in situational factors, even ones not directly connected with the decision at hand. Moreover, the studies indicate that the intensity of socially oriented preferences vary with respect to gender and age. Practitioner Points: (1) Team goal setting strategy, work style, responsibility and non-financial rewards intense socially oriented preferences. (2) Financial rewards are irrelevant for socially oriented preferences.
Attentional bias and emotion in older adults: Age-related differences in responses to an emotional Stroop task
Authors: Dunajska Magdalena , Szymanik Anna , Trempała Janusz 
Published: August 2012

Attentional bias and emotion in older adults: Age-related differences in responses to an emotional Stroop task
The purpose of the study was to examine whether older adults show an emotional interference effect in a Stroop task, and whether their RTs differ with regard to age, gender and tendencies of mood regulation (to improvement and/or deterioration). The sample consisted of 60 participants at the age from 65 to 85. Emotional version of Stroop task and the Mood Regulation Scales were used. The results showed no significant differences in RTs to emotional and neutral words. Unexpectedly, a speeding effect was observed with the age of women. It appeared also that the effect of mood regulation tendencies was not significant for RTs. The last two effects are not consistent with the literature on cognitive and emotional aging.
The strength of emotions in moral judgment and decision-making under risk
Authors: Tyszka Tadeusz , Zaleskiewicz Tomasz 
Published: August 2012

The strength of emotions in moral judgment and decision-making under risk
The focus of this paper is the role of emotions in judgments and choices associated with moral issues. Study 1 shows that depending on the strength of emotions when making a moral decision, people become sensitive to the severity and the probability of harm that their decisions can bring to others. A possible interpretation is that depending on the strength of emotions, people in their moral judgments choose to be either utilitarian or deontologist. In Study 2, following the priority heuristic model, we found that in situations in which the violation of moral norms does not evoke strong negative emotions, people are sensitive to quantitative risk parameters (probabilities and outcomes), and the decision-making process requires a relatively longer time. In moral situations in which a violation of the moral norm evokes strong emotions, decision-making is based on arguments other than quantitative risk parameters, and the process takes a shorter time.
Le district krasnostawski sous l'occupation autrichienne dans les années 1915-1918. (partie I)
Authors: Maleszyk Ryszard 
Published: August 2012

Powiat krasnostawski pod okupacją austriacką w latach 1915-1918 część IL'offensive des armées des Empires centraux en été 1915 a provoqué la perte totale du territoire du Royaume de Pologne appartenant à la Russie et le début d'un nouveau chapitre dans l'histoire du Royaume, c'est-à-dire l'occupation. Parmi les 27 districts qui se sont trouvés sous l'occupation autrichienne, il y avait aussi le district krasnostawski. Cet article présente le déroulement des combats du front menés là-bas en août et au début du septembre 1914 ainsi qu'en juillet 1915 et des pertes qui en ont résulté. Dans la partie suivante, l'article démontre la création et le fonctionnement de l'administration autrichienne d'occupation dans le district krasnostawski et décrit la présence militaire des forces armées et de la gendarmerie, responsables de la protection des intérêts de la monarchie et de l'ordre public sur le territoire occupé.
Lost in translation: Ever changing and competing purposes for national examinations in the Czech Republic
Authors: Greger D. , Kifer E. 
Published: August 2012

Lost in translation: Ever changing and competing purposes for national examinations in the Czech RepublicIn reaction to central control of schooling by the Soviet Union, the Czech Republic countered with what some say was the most decentralized system in Europe. While the political move to democracy was extraordinarily successful, there were numerous governments between 1989 and the present. The combination of the decentralized control of schooling and lack of continuity in the political realm in regard to education lengthened substantially the amount of time it has taken to mount national assessments. Those assessments, 5th and 9th grade and a high school leaving examination, are now on track but not without political and technical barriers.
The Assess Model of Intellectual Capital and a Company's Value Added Cohesion
Authors: Mačerinskienė Irena , Survilaitė Simona 
Published: August 2012

The Assess Model of Intellectual Capital and a Company's Value Added CohesionNowadays intangible assets are especially important in every company and can help to increase a company's value added. The importance is so huge that many companies invest more money in intellectual capital than in material assets. Why has this happened? Scientists answer this question very quickly and easily - many companies have already been disappointed and damaged by their materials, goods, equipment, buildings, cars, machinery that cost a lot of money but do not give effective productivity. On the contrary, intellectual capital that usually costs only the salary of an employee brings significant benefits.The research purposeis to evaluate the cohesion between intellectual capital and a company's value added and to provide the model of this cohesion.The methods usedare analysis of scientific literature, GBN matrix method, expert evaluation, average comparison method, and Kendall's coefficient of concordance.Scientific aims:to reveal the cohesion between intellectual capital and a company's value added; to introduce a model of a company's value added and its intellectual capital; to demonstrate the results of expert evaluation on the model of intellectual capital and a company's value.The findingsare as follows: intellectual capital is considered as a unit of social capital, communicational capital, and psychological capital; intellectual capital has a huge influence for the growth of a company's value added; employee motivation is the most important factor either for the growth of intellectual capital or a company's value added.Conclusions:expert evaluation was performed in order to investigate the importance of intellectual capital factors for the growth of intellectual capital itself and a company's value added. Experts were taken from two areas: business environment and academic environment. It is possible that experts from other environments could answer the questions in a completely different way, and this model could be improved even more.