bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Outpatient Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Adults Treated for Malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Flowers Christopher R. , Seidenfeld Jerome , Bow Eric J. , Karten Clare , Gleason Charise , Hawley Douglas K. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Langston Amelia A. , Marr Kieren A. , Rolston Kenneth V.I. , Ramsey Scott D. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose To provide guidelines on antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult neutropenic oncology outpatients and on selection and treatment as outpatients of those with fever and neutropenia. Methods A literature search identified relevant studies published in English. Primary outcomes included: development of fever and/or infections in afebrile neutropenic outpatients and recovery without complications and overall mortality in febrile neutropenic outpatients. Secondary outcomes included: in afebrile neutropenic outpatients, infection-related mortality; in outpatients with fever and neutropenia, defervescence without regimen change, time to defervescence, infectious complications, and recurrent fever; and in both groups, hospital admissions, duration, and adverse effects of antimicrobials. An Expert Panel developed guidelines based on extracted data and informal consensus. Results Forty-seven articles from 43 studies met selection criteria. Recommendations Antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis are only recommended for patients expected to have < 100 neutrophils/μL for > 7 days, unless other factors increase risks for complications or mortality to similar levels. Inpatient treatment is standard to manage febrile neutropenic episodes, although carefully selected patients may be managed as outpatients after systematic assessment beginning with a validated risk index (eg, Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer [MASCC] score or Talcott's rules). Patients with MASCC scores ≥ 21 or in Talcott group 4, and without other risk factors, can be managed safely as outpatients. Febrile neutropenic patients should receive initial doses of empirical antibacterial therapy within an hour of triage and should either be monitored for at least 4 hours to determine suitability for outpatient management or be admitted to the hospital. An oral fluoroquinolone plus amoxicillin/clavulanate (or plus clindamycin if penicillin allergic) is recommended as empiric therapy, unless fluoroquinolone prophylaxis was used before fever developed.
The Cochlear Nerve Canal and Internal Auditory Canal in Children with Normal Cochlea but Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
Authors: Yan Fei , Li Jianhong , Xian Junfang , Wang Zhenchang , Mo Lingyan 
Published: January 2013

Background There is an increasing frequency of requests for cochlear implantation (CI) in deaf children and more detailed image information is necessary for selecting appropriate candidates. Cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) is a contraindication to CI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to evaluate the integrity of the cochlear nerve. The abnormalities of the cochlear nerve canal (CNC) and internal auditory canal (IAC) have been reported to be associated with CND. Purpose To correlate CNC manifestation, size, and IAC diameter on high-resolution CT (HRCT) with CND diagnosed by MRI in children. Material and Methods HRCT images from 35 sensorineurally deaf children who had normal cochlea but bilateral or unilateral CND diagnosed by MRI were studied retrospectively. The CNC and IAC manifestation and size were assessed and correlated with CND. Results CND was diagnosed by MRI in 54/70 ears (77.1%). Thirty-two ears had an absent cochlear nerve (59.3%), while 22 ears had a small cochlear nerve (40.7%). The CNC diameter was, 1.5 mm in 36 ears (66.7%). The CNC diameter ranged between 1.5 and 2.0 mm in seven ears (13.0%) and was .2.0 mm in 11 ears (20.4%). The IAC diameter was, 3.0 mm in 25 ears (46.3%) and .3.0 mm in 29 ears (53.7%). Conclusion The hypoplastic CNC might be more highly indicative of CND than that of a narrow IAC.
Superparamagnetic Perfluorooctylbromide Nanoparticles as a Multimodal Contrast Agent for Us, Mr, and Ct Imaging
Authors: Li Ao , Zheng Yuanyi , Yu Jinhong , Wang Zhigang , Yang Yang , Wu Wei , Guo Dajing , Ran Haitao 
Published: January 2013

Background Multimodal contrast agents usually containing two or more signal components can be used for several imaging modalities. Thus, complimentary information can be obtained by using just one kind of contrast agents. Purpose To investigate the potential of superparamagnetic perfluorooctylbromide nanoparticles (M-PFOBNP) as a multimodal contrast agent for ultrasonography (US)/magnetic resonance (MR)/computed tomography (CT) multimodality imaging. Material and Methods The composite agent M-PFOBNP was developed by introducing superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles into perfluorooctylbromide nanoparticles (PFOBNP). Several analytical tools were employed to characterize the agent. The potential of M-PFOBNP for US/MR/CT multimodality imaging were assessed in vivo. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the agent were studied in vitro. Results M-PFOBNP with well-defined spherical morphology and homogeneous size of 200-250 nm was obtained. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully integrated into PFOBNP and preserved their superparamagnetic characteristics after encapsulation. The in vivo studies showed that M-PFOBNP produced higher echogenicity than PFOBNP and possessed strong magnetic susceptibility and radiopacity for multimodality imaging. Macrophages incubated with different concentrations of M-PFOBNP resulted in a dose-dependent cellular uptake, which did not affect the viability of the cells. Conclusion M-PFOBNP may potentially serve as a multimodal contrast agent for enhanced US, MR, and CT imaging.
Evaluation of two different vacuum-assisted breast biopsy systems: Mammotome® system 11G/8G vs. ATEC® system 12G/9G
Authors: Order Berndt-Michael , Schaefer Philipp J , Peters G , Eckmann-Scholz Christel , Hilpert Felix , Strauss Alexander , Warneke Viktoria , Mathiak Micaela , Heller Martin , Jonat Walter , Schaefer Fritz KW 
Published: January 2013

Background Breast cancer screening programs have been established worldwide and early detection of breast cancer has increased steadily. The most common way to confirm dignity of non-palpable and sonographically-occult suspicious findings on mammography is the stereotactically-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy Purpose To compare two stereotactically guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy systems measuring time effectiveness and quality of harvested material in clinical practice. Material and Methods One hundred and forty-six patients presenting with suspicious microcalcifications on mammography were included in the study. Biopsies were carried out with either the Mammotome® system (11-gauge and 8-gauge) or the ATEC® system (12-gauge and 9-gauge). Lesions with a diameter <15 mm on mammography were biopsied with 11-gauge or 12-gauge devices whereas lesions >15 mm were targeted with 8-gauge and 9-gauge. Mammotome® system 8-gauge device was used in 34 patients, the 11-gauge system in 37 patients. The ATEC® system 9-gauge system was used in 37 patients and 12-gauge in 38 patients. Time was taken, focusing on preparing the system, time of collecting the samples, preparing the samples, and cleaning the site. During the biopsies 24 samples were taken. The histologic quality of the tissue samples was judged by a pathologist in a blinded fashion according to a specimen grading classification concerning tissue fragmentation, artefacts, and the adequacy of the tissue for diagnosis. Results The median overall time for the Mammotome® system was 879 s (11-gauge) and 934 s (8-gauge) and for the ATEC® system 671 s (12-gauge) and 673 s (9-gauge). The ATEC® system displays a significantly shorter overall time for small and large biopsy devices (U-test, P < 0.001). Concerning the mean time difference of the overall time comparing small and large systems the ATEC® system was 267.6 s faster using the small and 244.8 s faster using the large system. Comparing the histologic quality of tissue samples the Mammotome® system shows significantly higher values for the large and the small system (Chi-square test, P < 0.001). Conclusion Both biopsy systems meet all requirements for daily practice and confirm the diagnosis of suspicious microcalcifications. The ATEC® system was observed to be faster but this difference of about 250 s might not be relevant in daily practice. The Mammotome® system provides a better histologic quality of tissue samples.
Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Wrist MRI at 3.0t: Comparison between Isotropic 3d Turbo Spin Echo and Isotropic 3D Fast Field Echo and 2D Turbo Spin Echo
Authors: Jung Jee Young , Yoon Young Cheol , Jung Jin Young , Choe Bong-Keun 
Published: January 2013

Background Isotropic three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to various joints. However, comparison for image quality between isotropic 3D MRI and two-dimensional (2D) turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence of the wrist at a 3T MR system has not been investigated. Purpose To compare the image quality of isotropic 3D MRI including TSE intermediate-weighted (VISTA) sequence and fast field echo (FFE) sequence with 2D TSE intermediate-weighted sequence of the wrist joint at 3.0 T. Material and Methods MRI was performed in 10 wrists of 10 healthy volunteers with isotropic 3D sequences (VISTA and FFE) and 2D TSE intermediate-weighted sequences at 3.0 T. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained by imaging phantom and noise-only image. Contrast ratios (CRs) were calculated between fluid and cartilage, triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), and the scapholunate ligament. Two radiologists independently assessed the visibility of TFCC, carpal ligaments, cartilage, tendons and nerves with a four-point grading scale. Statistical analysis to compare CRs (one way ANOVA with a Tukey test) and grades of visibility (Kruskal-Wallis test) between three sequences and those for inter-observer agreement (kappa analysis) were performed. Results The SNR of 2D TSE (46.26) was higher than those of VISTA (23.34) and 3D FFE (19.41). CRs were superior in 2D TSE than VISTA (P = 0.02) for fluid-cartilage and in 2D TSE than 3D FFE (P < 0.01) for fluid-TFCC. The visibility was best in 2D TSE (P < 0.01) for TFCC and in VISTA (P = 0.01) for scapholunate ligament. The visibility was better in 2D TSE and 3D FFE (P = 0.04) for cartilage and in VISTA than 3D FFE (P < 0.01) for TFCC. The inter-observer agreement for the visibility of anatomic structures was moderate or substantial. Conclusion Image quality of 2D TSE was superior to isotropic 3D MR imaging for cartilage, and TFCC. 3D FFE has better visibility for cartilage than VISTA and VISTA has superior visibility for TFCC to 3D FFE and the visibility for scapholunate ligament was best on VISTA.
Quantitative assessment of microcirculation and diffusion in the bone marrow of osteoporotic rats using VCT, DCE-MRI, DW-MRI, and histology
Authors: Liu Yifei , Cao Liji , Hillengass Jens , Delorme Stefan , Schlewitz Gudrun , Govindarajan Parameswari , Schnettler Reinhard , Heiß Christian , Bäuerle Tobias 
Published: January 2013

Background Etiologic and pathophysiologic role of functional bone marrow processes is not fully understood especially in the case of osteoporosis. Purpose To investigate the role of vascularization and diffusion in rat models of osteoporosis through a cross-correlation between non-invasive in-vivo imaging and invasive ex-vivo imaging of bone, bone marrow, and in particular of microcirculation. Material and Methods Osteoporosis was induced in rats by combining ovariectomy (OVX) with calcium and Vitamin D3 deficiency, or with glucocorticoid (dexamethasone). For comparison, controls underwent a sham surgery. In in-vivo investigations, animals ( n = 36) were examined by volumetric CT (VCT) and MRI at 1, 3, or 12 months post surgery. Using VCT, bone morphology was monitored and relative bone density r within pelvis was extracted. With DCE-MRI and DW-MRI, parameters A (amplitude), Kep (exchange rate constant), and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) were acquired for regions of lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, and femur. In ex-vivo investigations, selective histological sections of pelvis were either stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE stain) for quantifying vessel size and density or immunostained for collagen IV and a-smooth muscle actin to assess vessel maturity (SMA/collagen IV ratio). Results After 12 months, decrease in DCE-MRI parameter Kep was found in all locations of osteoporotic rats (strongest in femur and lumbar vertebrae) while no significant differences were seen for parameter A and DW-MRI parameter ADC. Furthermore, vessel rarefication and maturation were observed on the histological level in animals with osteoporotic phenotype. In particular in the pelvis, the osteoporotic individuals (irrespective of the osteoporosis inducers applied) exhibited decreased Kep, significantly reduced vessel density, significantly increased vessel maturity, as well as statistically unaltered A, ADC, and vessel diameter. Conclusion Changes in microcirculation but not diffusion in the bone marrow of osteoporotic rats are detected by DCE-MRI and DW-MRI due to vessel rarefication and maturation.
Cancer and Diverticulitis of the Sigmoid Colon. Differentiation with Computed Tomography Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Preliminary Experiences
Authors: Öistämö Emma , Hjern Fredrik , Blomqvist Lennart , Von Heijne Anders , Abraham-Nordling Mirna 
Published: January 2013

Background Both colon cancer and diverticular disease are common in the Western world. A challenge when patients present with clinical findings is that both diseases can present with symptoms that may mimic the other. Purpose To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be helpful to differentiate between diverticulitis and cancer of the sigmoid colon compared to the differentiation offered by evaluation of multidetector computed tomography (CT) in a clinical situation. Material and Methods Thirty patients were consecutively included. Fifteen patients were under work-up for a recently diagnosed sigmoid cancer and 15 patients had recently been treated in hospital due to first-time acute sigmoid diverticulitis. All patients underwent CT, T2-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI. Anonymized examinations were retrospectively presented in random order to one experienced radiologist. Results With contrast-enhanced CT, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of cancer and diverticulitis were 66.7% (10/15) and 93.3% (14/15), respectively. Using T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR images, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of cancer and diverticulitis were 100% (14/14) and 100% (14/14), respectively. Conclusion MRI provides information that may contribute to improve the differentiation between sigmoid cancer and diverticulitis that is offered by CT. These encouraging results need to be confirmed in a larger study.
Is there a role for PET-CT and SPECT-CT in pediatric oncology?
Authors: Biermann Martin , Schwarzlmüller Thomas , Fasmer Kristine Eldevik , Reitan Bernt C , Johnsen Boel , Rosendahl Karen 
Published: January 2013

During the last decade, hybrid imaging has revolutionized nuclear medicine. Multimodal camera systems, integrating positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) now combine the contrast provided by tumor-avid radioactive drugs with the anatomic precision of CT. While PET-CT to a great extent has replaced single-modality PET in adult oncology, the use of PET-CT in children has been controversial, since even the lowest dose CT protocols adds approximately 2 mSv to the radiation dose of about 4 mSv from the PET-study with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG). The article describes the current techniques used, discusses radiation doses and gives an overview of current indications for PET-CT and SPECT-CT in children. Hybrid imaging with a tumor-avid radioactive drug provides extremely high contrast between tumor and background tissues, while the CT component helps to locate the lesion anatomically. Currently both PET-CT and SPECT-CT play a role in pediatric oncology; PET-CT using F-18-FDG particularly for staging and follow-up of lymphoma and brain cancer, bone and soft tissue sarcomas; SPECT-CT with I-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) for tumors of the sympathetic nervous system such as neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma while the remaining neuroendocrine tumors are imaged with radioactively labeled somatostatin analogues. To reduce radiation dose, a low-dose CT in combination with ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of anatomy is often preferred.
Optimal Routing and Assignment of Consultants for Energy Education, Inc.
Authors: Yu Junfang , Hoff Randy 
Published: January 2013

Energy Education, Inc. (EEI), a US management consulting firm, specializes in implementing energy conservation programs for schools, universities, and large churches. Similar to many consulting firms, travel expenses are among its largest budget items. Managing consultant travel for minimum cost and in a manner that meets client needs is critical. Typically, a subject matter expert at the company produces a consultant routing and assignment schedule using a labor-intensive, time-consuming, manual process; the schedule produced is usually far from optimal. The objective of our research is to minimize the total cost of consultant travel and staffing. Our models use a cluster-first, route-second methodology. We developed a set-covering binary integer programming heuristic to cluster clients based on geographic location. The relaxed consultant routing and assignment problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model using cluster locations and demand with consultant skills and availability. In a recent 12-week period, the results of our research reduced EEI costs by 24 percent and provided several qualitative benefits. We conducted sensitivity analysis to provide EEI with improved decision analytics for additional modification of its existing processes and business routines.
Y RNAs: recent developments
Authors: Hall Adam E. , Turnbull Carly , Dalmay Tamas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNon-coding RNAs have emerged as key regulators in diverse cellular processes. Y RNAs are ∼100-nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs that show high conservation in metazoans. Human Y RNAs are known to bind to the Ro60 and La proteins to form the Ro ribonucleoprotein complex. Their main biological function appears to be in mediating the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication, regulating the autoimmune protein Ro60, and generating smaller RNA fragments following cellular stress, although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these functions remain elusive. Here, we aim to review the most recent literature on Y RNAs and gain insight into the function of these intriguing molecules.
Periconceptional use of folic acid and risk of miscarriage – findings of the Oral Cleft Prevention Program in Brazil
Authors: Vila-Nova Camila , Wehby George L. , Queirós Fernanda C. , Chakraborty Hrishkesh , Félix Temis M. , Goco Norman , Moore Janet , Gewehr Eduardo V. , Lins Lorene , Affonso Carla M.C. , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objective: We report on the risk of miscarriage with high- and low-dosage periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation from a double-blind randomized clinical trial for prevention of orofacial cleft recurrence in Brazil.

Methods: Women at risk of recurrence of orofacial clefts in their offspring were randomized into high (4 mg/day) and low (0.4 mg/day) doses of FA supplementation. The women received the study pills before pregnancy, and supplementation continued throughout the first trimester. Miscarriage rates were compared between the two FA groups and with the population rate.

Results: A total of 268 pregnancies completed the study protocol, with 141 in the 4.0-mg group and 127 in the 0.4-mg group. The miscarriage rate was 14.2% in the low-dose FA group (0.4 mg/day) and 11.3% for the high-dose group (4 mg/day) (P=0.4877). These miscarriage rates are not significantly different from the miscarriage rate in the Brazilian population, estimated to be around 14% (P=0.311).

Conclusions: These results indicate that high-dose FA does not increase miscarriage risk in this population and add further information to the literature on the safety of high FA supplementation for prevention of birth defect recurrence.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applied to cancer diagnosis and detection of pesticides, explosives, and drugs
Authors: Aoki Pedro H.B. , Furini Leonardo N. , Alessio Priscila , Aliaga Alvaro E. , Constantino Carlos J.L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The inelastic scattering of light, Raman scattering, presents a very low cross section. However, the signal can be amplified by several orders of magnitude, leading to the so-called surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) phenomenon. Basically, the SERS effect is achieved when the target molecule (analyte) is adsorbed onto metallic nanoparticles, usually noble metals. This article presents an overview of the applications of SERS to cancer diagnosis and the detection of pesticides, explosives, and drugs (illicit and pharmacological). SERS is routinely applied nowadays to detect and identify analytes at very low concentrations, including for single-molecule detection. However, the application of SERS as an analytical tool requires reliable and reproducible SERS substrates, in terms of enhancement factors, which depends on the size, shape, and aggregation of the metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the production of reliable and reproducible SERS substrates is a challenge in the field. Besides, the metallic nanoparticles can also induce changes in the system by possible interactions with the analyte under investigation, which must be taken into account. This review will present work in which, under certain specific experimental conditions, SERS has been analytically applied.
Crystal structure of (4-nitrophenyl)methanol, C7H7NO3
Authors: Zou Pei , Wu Hao , Xie Min-Hao , Liu Ya-Ling , Huang Biao 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C7H7NO3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.211(3) Å, b = 7.402(4) Å, c = 7.773(4) Å, α = 110.878(7)°, β = 93.694(4)°, γ = 90.730(6)°, V = 333.0 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0494, wRref(F2) = 0.1023, T = 153 K.
Cyclodextrin Inclusion Interferes with Trolox Oxygen Radical Scavenging Capacity Measurement
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Ishikawa Misa , Hori Masashi , Inazumi Naoya 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The interference of cyclodextrin solubilization with the measurement of oxygen radical scavenging capacity was investigated. Cyclodextrin (CD) that can solubilize water-insoluble compounds has been used in the oxygen radical scavenging capacity assay called oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. A vitamin E analog, trolox (2-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) has been employed as a standard compound in ORAC methods and the results were often expressed in the trolox equivalent unit. We found that trolox ORAC values measured with electron spin resonance-based ORAC method, were markedly dependent on the CD concentration, i.e., it decreased by 50% when [CD]/[Trolox]=100 was present. 2D ROESY NMR study of trolox/CD inclusion complex revealed that trolox resided within the CD cavity. The reactive phenoxyl group in trolox is shielded from the attack by the oxygen radical, suggesting that this hindrance was causal for the decrease in ORAC values.