bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Homozygous GPR161 Mutation in a Family with Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome
Authors: Karaca Ender , Buyukkaya Ramazan , Pehlivan Davut , Charng Wu-Lin , Yaykasli Kursat O. , Bayram Yavuz , Gambin Tomasz , Withers Marjorie , Atik Mehmed M. , Arslanoglu Ilknur , Bolu Semih , Erdin Serkan , Buyukkaya Ayla , Yaykasli Emine , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Muzny Donna M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Lupski James R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Context:
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare, congenital anomaly of the pituitary gland characterized by pituitary gland insufficiency, thin or discontinuous pituitary stalk, anterior pituitary hypoplasia, and ectopic positioning of the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). The clinical presentation of patients with PSIS varies from isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency to combined pituitary insufficiency and accompanying extrapituitary findings. Mutations in HESX1, LHX4, OTX2, SOX3, and PROKR2 have been associated with PSIS in less than 5% of cases; thus, the underlying genetic etiology for the vast majority of cases remains to be determined.

Objective:
We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) to a consanguineous family with two affected siblings who have pituitary gland insufficiency and radiographic findings of hypoplastic (thin) pituitary gland, empty sella, ectopic neurohypophysis, and interrupted pitiutary stalk—characteristic clinical diagnostic findings of PSIS.

Design and Participants:
WES was applied to two affected and one unaffected siblings.

Results:
WES of two affected and one unaffected sibling revealed a unique homozygous missense mutation in GPR161, which encodes the orphan G protein–coupled receptor 161, a protein responsible for transducing extracellular signals across the plasma membrane into the cell.

Conclusion:
Mutations of GPR161 may be implicated as a potential novel cause of PSIS.
Information System for Underground Coal Mining Output Prediction
Authors: Линник  , Linnik Yuriy , Линник  , Linnik Vladimir 
Published: October 2014

The results related to studies of indicators characterizing mechanical properties and features of coal layers’
geological structure, such as resistance to cutting for coal, layer, solid inclusions and intermediate rocks
as well as their specific content in the layer have been presented in this paper. Based on physical ideas of
how the coal layer properties influence the coal-face winning assembly’s final control elements reliability an
integrated indicator of coal layers’ breaking characteristics assessment, called the indicator of equivalent
coal layers resistance to cutting Ae has been offered. This indicator’s physical meaning is that it assesses
the coal layer’s ability to cause average loads affecting breaking final control elements’ degradation
failures characterized by indicator of coal resistance to cutting, and peak loads affecting sudden failures
characterized by a value of a generalized indicator of layer heterogeneities’ content and properties.
Practical meaning of Ae index is that it allows assess coal mining machine’s working conditions not by a set
of characteristics , but by one characteristic , when performing calculations related to coal-mining machines’
parameters definition, these machines’ performance, and other technological parameters of wide place and
coal mine as a whole.
Methodius of Olympus – one of the Greek sources of Kontakia by Romanos the Melodist
Authors: Heszen Agniesz 
Published: October 2014

Methodius of Olympus – one of the Greek sources of Kontakia by Romanos the Melodist
In this article the author compares Thecla’s Hymn from Methodius of Olympus’s Symposium with some kontakia by Romanos the Melodist. The analysis of a few stanzas of Thecla’s Hymn shows that this work can be a model for the kontakia. Methodius in his song gives examples of heroes of the Old and New Testament that sing a refrain. Romanos in their kontakia made a similar structure, the refrain is variously linked to stanzas and often spoken by different characters.
Madame Door of Brixia. The mystery of Catullus 67
Authors: Klęczar Aleksandra 
Published: October 2014

Madame Door of Brixia. The mystery of Catullus 67
The text deals with Catullus’ carmen 67, a problematic and unclear poem, set in Brescia and dealing with the motifs of marriage and infidelity. It analyses a number of problems crucial for the text: the question of its genre, the possible identity of the characters in this little domestic drama and the role of the addressee: the door of the family house.
The Value of Operational Flexibility in the Presence of Input and Output Price Uncertainties with Oil Refining Applications
Authors: Dong Lingxiu , Kouvelis Panos , Wu Xiaole 
Published: October 2014

Refining is indispensable to almost every natural-resource-based commodity industry. It involves a series of complex processes that transform inputs with a wide range of quality characteristics into refined finished products sold to end markets. In this paper, we take the perspective of a profit-maximizing refiner that considers upgrading its existing simple refinery to include intermediate-conversion flexibility, i.e., the capability of converting heavy intermediate components to light ones. We present a stylized two-stage stochastic programming model of a petroleum refinery to investigate the value drivers of conversion flexibility and the impact of input and output market conditions on its economic potential. Conversion flexibility adds value to refineries by either transforming a nonprofitable situation into a profitable one (referred to as purchase benefit) or improving profitability of an already profitable situation (referred to as unit revenue benefit). In a real-data-calibrated numerical study, we find the value of conversion flexibility (VoC) to be significant, accounting for 40% of the expected profit with conversion, and the purchase benefit and unit revenue benefit are equally important. Contrary to the intuition that, as a recourse action, conversion offers higher value for greater input price volatility, we find that VoC may decrease in input price volatility as a result of the differential impacts of increasing price volatility on the purchase benefit and the unit revenue benefit. Refineries also vary in their range flexibility, i.e., the ability to accommodate a narrow or wide range of inputs of different quality levels. Whether the range flexibility increases or decreases the value of conversion flexibility is affected by the direction in which the refinery expands its processing range and the heaviness of crude oils. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Women's expectations and experiences of childbirth in a Kenyan public hospital
Authors: Okwako Joseph M , Symon Andrew G 
Published: October 2014

Objective: To explore women's expectations and experiences of childbirth in a Kenyan Level 4 Public Hospital. Design: One-to-one semi-structured interviews conducted from January–March 2012 using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants: A purposive sample (n=7) was interviewed antenatally and postnatally. Results: Three major themes emerged: anticipating labour and birth; going through labour and birth; the impact of childbirth. All wanted a natural birth with tolerable labour pain. Women hoped for a good birthing environment, especially having a supportive nurse. Most viewed their childbirth experience as good, but voiced concerns about negative attitudes and unsupportive behaviour: women felt isolated and neglected, describing qualified nurses as inconsiderate and unresponsive to their needs. Conclusions: Areas of commonality and disagreement reflect individual and unique perspectives. There was some variation concerning preference for birth partner support, a cultural factor not reflected in the current international literature. These findings also confirm earlier negative reports concerning childbirth in certain Kenyan public hospitals. While the magnitude of negative birth experiences identified in this study was not as alarming as that identified in previous reports, it confirms that some women in Kenya do not have a fulfilling birth experience.
Pregnant women's awareness of antenatal danger signs and birth preparedness in rural Gambia
Authors: Jatta Fatou O , Lu Yu-Ying , Chang Chin-Lung , Liu Chieh-Yu 
Published: October 2014

Aim:The objectives of this study were to explore pregnant women's awareness of antenatal danger signs and birth preparedness as well as to identify associated factors in rural Gambia.Methods:A clinic-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at seven public health centres in rural Gambia involving a convenience sample of 145 pregnant women attending antenatal care services.Results:The study revealed that 61% of the pregnant women interviewed were aware of antenatal danger signs. In step wise multiple linear analyses, awareness of antenatal danger signs was significantly predicted by age, marital status and being advised on danger signs during antenatal visits. However, birth preparedness was low (14%) and multivariate logistic analyses showed that preparation was higher among literate women (OR= 5.12), employed women (OR=6.17), women with four or more antenatal visits (OR=4.62) and women with high awareness scores (OR=1.31).Conclusion:This study revealed a high level of awareness of antenatal danger signs despite deficiencies in the knowledge of some life threatening ones. However, the level of birth preparedness was low in the rural population studied. There is need to intensify efforts to provide health education on awareness of danger signs as well as to encourage birth preparation among pregnant women.
Factors influencing use of antenatal care and delivery services in Gwagwalada Area Council, Nigeria
Authors: Oyetunde Modupe Olusola , Eleri Grace Orieoma 
Published: October 2014

Background: Complications due to pregnancy and labour are among the leading causes of death and disability in women of child-bearing age in developing countries ( World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, UNFPA and World Bank, 2010 ). The provision and utilisation of antenatal and delivery services aim to decrease Nigeria's high maternal mortality rate. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the use of these services in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. Method: This descriptive study was conducted over 6 weeks. The study involved 230 women aged 15–49 years whose recent birth was within the previous year prior to the survey. A 45-item structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The majority of the women (94.2%) received antenatal care at an approved health care facility. Sixty-four percent registered for antenatal care during the second trimester while 66.7% attended antenatal care ≥four times. Eighty-four percent of the respondents received all the recommended antenatal care. Delivery services in the health facilities were used by 87.0% of participants—12.0% delivered at home. The husbands' educational level and occupation positively affected the pattern of use of these services P<0.05. Perceived importance of antenatal care, attitude of health workers and cost of care were the most important factors that influenced service use. Conclusion: The utilisation of these services needs to be sustained by improving the socioeconomic status of partners; improving the attitude of the health providers and subsidising the cost of antenatal and delivery services.
Assessing the willingness to change: optimising behaviour change in the management of chronic eye conditions
Authors: Drury Vicki , Chiang Peggy PC , Tey Ching Siong , Soon Hasita JT , Aw Ai Tee 
Published: October 2014

Background: Globally, low vision self-management programmes remain relatively novel, with limited discussion on how acceptance, motivation and readiness to change affect successful and sustainable behaviour change. Aim: To explore the relationship between acceptance, motivation and readiness to change in a group of people participating in low vision self-management programmes. Methods: A participatory action research framework was used with a steering group comprising clinicians and researchers to identify barriers to participation and challenges in the implementation of a self-management low vision programme in Singapore. Results: Many participants were not ready to make changes as they not only did not accept their condition, but were also unmotivated to make changes. We also found that the programme did not meet the psychosocial needs of the participants. Conclusions: Prior to inclusion in self-management programmes, it is recommended that motivational interviewing strategies are used to assess whether individuals have accepted their condition and are ready and motivated to make changes. It is essential that programmes address issues, such as: the emotional consequences of low vision; grief; communicating feelings; and coping strategies.
Establishing an Evidence Base for Critical Laboratory Value Thresholds
Authors: Doering Travis A. , Plapp Frederick , Crawford James M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
Critical values denote laboratory test results indicating a life-threatening situation. The outcomes of this premise have not been rigorously evaluated.

Methods:
Five years of inpatient admissions were examined for critical or “near-critical” results (total admissions = 165,066; total test results = 872,503). In-hospital mortality was examined as a function of time and degree of test result abnormality.

Results:
Some critical value thresholds appropriately identified patients at risk for death (eg, elevated potassium). Other thresholds were too conservative (elevated hematocrit, hemoglobin) or not conservative enough (elevated lactate). Mortality risk for most critical values was time dependent, but some critical values showed no temporal effect on mortality (elevated activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], international normalized ratio [INR], and glucose). Following an initial critical result, further worsening was associated with increased mortality. Prior hospital admission within 30 days was a predictor of lower mortality for some (elevated APTT, INR, potassium, and sodium; low glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and potassium) but not other critical values (elevated lactate, glucose, hematocrit, and hemoglobin; low sodium).

Conclusions:
Only a subset of laboratory critical value thresholds was optimally chosen for increased risk of in-hospital mortality, with a time urgency for most but not all critical values. For many tests, a prior hospital admission imparted a decreased risk of in-hospital death.
Ali al-Wardi’s understanding of democracy and its possibilities in Iraq
Authors: Ameen al-Najjar Sherzad Ahmed 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article is a study of Ali al-Wardi’s understanding of democracy in general and its feasibility in Iraq. It also attempts to clarify al-Wardi’s position on the problems and obstacles that democracy faces in a society characterized by violence vis-à-vis a state that is weakened due to the dominance of the Bedouin nature of society. The article also aims to study the problems surrounding the application of democracy, according to al-Wardi, in a community which lacks the tradition and understanding of the basic values of a liberal-democratic state. Al-Wardi focused on the question of whether the political changes which occurred in Iraq during the monarchical era (1921–1958) or in the republican era (from 1958) impacted the sociological nature of Iraqi society. Can democracy be applied without democrats? Is it possible to establish a functioning democracy in a society that hates the state? There is no doubt that al-Wardi played an important role in analysing and understanding the reality of Iraqi society and how it had yet to incorporate the values and processes of democracy in its own culture.
Ali al-Wardi: An incomplete reading on the nature of Iraq’s modern society
Authors: Al-Jamil Sayyar 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article is a critical assessment of Ali al-Wardi’s thoughts informed by the author’s conversations with al-Wardi some twenty years ago. It is an attempt to revisit al-Wardi’s work on the study of the Iraqi personality and society so as to build on his early seminal theses, complementing his courage and personal commitments. In homage to al-Wardi’s legacy, the author feels that a critical evaluation is essential to keeping the work that builds on this legacy vigorous and relevant. The author concludes by saying that ‘most of the groundbreaking ideas which were influential to contemporary Arab political thought were from his very early academic output’. However, the challenges of today’s Iraq are not far removed from those of al-Wardi’s time.
Deception and Britain’s road to war in Iraq
Authors: Herring Eric , Robinson Piers 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Ever since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, there has been a widely shared public perception in the United Kingdom and beyond that the British government lied in making the case for war. One major theme has been the view that the Blair government lied about the strength of the intelligence about alleged Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the extent of the WMD capabilities claimed by that intelligence. A second theme that has received less attention has been the view that the Blair government lied in claiming that its actions at the United Nations (UN) were aimed at securing peaceful Iraqi compliance with its disarmament obligations. Instead, most think that the United Kingdom was actually committed to a policy of regime change by force and did not want the ‘UN route’ to produce a peaceful outcome. The article argues that the conceptual focus of the discussion needs to be broadened from lying to also considering deception by omission and deception by distortion as part of a campaign of organized political persuasion. It argues that, on the WMD intelligence, it is now apparent that a campaign of deceptive organized political persuasion was conducted by UK officials. With respect to the UN route, there is mounting evidence that the Blair government ran a campaign of deception on this issue as well in order to pave Britain’s road to war in Iraq.
Kieślowski and Kafka at the office: Realism and/as modernism
Authors: Coates Paul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article considers the multi-levelled contrast in Urzᶏd between the worlds of petitioners and clerks; its multiplication of individual forms to simultaneously absurd, metaphysical and political effect; and its links to the ‘Cinema of Moral Anxiety’, A Short Film About Love (1988) and the Kafkaesque in Kieślowski’s work in general.
»Was kommt vor der Versöhnung?«
Authors: Subklew Marie Anne 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Despite considerable efforts and legal regulations after the end of the SED dictatorship to cope with its systemic injustice, many of the political victims suffer still today from long-term consequences of imprisonment, repression, truncated biographies and destroyed liveabilities. Often these forms of suffering cannot be addressed or cured by means of legal categories. Rather a sensitive treatment of these victims and their relatives as well as public perception and respect are necessary. This task remains yet unfinished in the process of dealing with the SED dictatorship.
Versöhnung – biblische Erinnerungen und Intuitionen
Authors: Ebach Jürgen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This contribution maps out biblical traces of reconciliation within the spectrum of love and justice. Surprisingly, especially motifs that appear to be opposed to an attitude and practice of reconciliation bear a helping hand. This applies to »an eye for an eye« as practice of dealing with the consequences of guilt as well as to the concept of God’s revenge as a possibility of refraining from one’s own retribution without giving up the general idea of justice. This basic tension underlies both the stories of reconciliation - which are surprisingly rare in the Bible - and a ritual of reconciliation. Moreover, this contribution addresses the difference between reconciliation and forgiveness and finally discusses the impetus that biblical reminiscences can give for present action of reconciliation, even if offender and victim are not connected by a common relation to Bible and faith.
Diagnose: Versöhnung, unvollendet
Authors: Engert Stefan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
How did the united Germany address the human rights violations of the communist dictatorship in Eastern Germany? This question is particularly intriguing as the process of accounting for the past was interrupted and postponed by the reunification with West-Germany. In spite of having made use of tribunals, lustrations, truth-commissions and reparations, two important reconciliation tools - political apologies and amnesties - have not been used during that time. As a consequence, the reconciliation of the former perpetrators and victims has remained incomplete.
Medienethik und die Rolle der Christlichen Publizistik in der heutigen Medienlandschaft
Authors: Haberer Johanna 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Media Ethics first became established as a subsidiary subject in the arts faculties of German universities as a by-product of the Age of Digitalisation and the individualisation of active media use. Since their experience with Nazi propaganda, the Churches in Germany have adopted a watchdog role in society, as a »social guardian«. This role includes media communication, whereby media are understood as instruments of freedom. Thus, the Churches in Germany have been a driving force in encouraging ethical reflection of media from a Christian perspective. Christian, in particular Reformatory Church media history has generated the following key terms in conjunction with the reflection of media communication: attentiveness, diversity, empowerment, participation, service to the democratic public, representation, and freedom.
Analytical Approach for the Space-time Nonlinear Partial Differential Fractional Equation
Authors: Bekir Ahmet , Güner Özkan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the fractional derivatives in the sense of modified Riemann–Liouville derivative and the functional variable method, exp-function method and -expansion method are used to construct exact solutions for some nonlinear partial fractional differential equations via the nonlinear space-time fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equations. These methods are also applied to derive a variety of travelling wave solutions with distinct physical structures for this nonlinear fractional equation. As a result, some new exact solutions for them are obtained. The three methods demonstrate power, reliability and efficiency.
Polyaniline/Graphene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites as Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shih Yen-Chen , Lin Hsiao-Li , Lin King-Fu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTo provide a counter electrode with lower-cost and simple production method for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we developed polyaniline/graphene nanoplatelet/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PANi/GNP/MWCNT) composite films growing on glass substrates by using chemical/electrochemical deposition method and on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/glass substrates by using electrochemical deposition method respectively. A proper weight ratio of PANi/GNP/MWCNT (1/0.0030/0.0045) composite film depositing on FTO substrate as counter electrode with sheet resistance of 8.25±0.13 Ω/sq for DSSCs yielded power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.45±0.08%, which has potential to replace the conventional Pt cell (7.62±0.07%). In addition, we also fabricated the DSSCs composed of a proper weight ratio of PANi/GNP/MWCNTs (1/0.0045/0.0060) composite film depositing on glass substrate as counter electrode. The sheet resistance of resulting composite film was 59.34±12.34 Ω/sq. These solar cells with FTO-free counter electrode exhibited a PCE of 2.90±0.09%.