bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical profile, bioactivity, and molecular docking studies of natural edible mushrooms grown in Tokat and Sivas provinces of Turkey
Authors: Bayram Onur Furkan , Marah Sarmed , Turkekul Ibrahim , Ozen Tevfik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMushrooms have been essential to the human diet because they contain balanced chemical components and some biologically active substances. In this work, we investigated the phenolics, essential oils, metal contents, antioxidant, antibacterial, DNA protective, and enzyme inhibition activities for Clitocybe geotropa, Ramaria aurea, Rhizopogon luteolus (RL), Russula delica (RD), Verpa bohemica, and Marasmius oreades mushrooms. Results exhibited a higher content for citric and succinic acids in all tested kinds. Further, we detected a high content of cis‐9‐oleic acid, linoleate, and cis‐11‐eicosanoate. All mushroom species contain a significant percentage of both Cu and Zn. Moreover, RL and RD recorded the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. Furthermore, all samples showed standard to good antioxidant activity, and the same is true for the antibacterial and DNA protective activities. Enzyme inhibition activity was generally high and significantly higher against the urease than the thiourea. We applied molecular docking between the highest phenolic molecules with the urease to determine the mushroom extracts’ high inhibition mechanism. In conclusion, all mushroom species revealed a variety in chemical content that is probably related to their multi‐bioactivity.
Prospective study of 99mTc‐3PRGD2 SPECT/CT diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaojin , Liu Guichao , Li Zhanyu , Shi Jiyun , Liang Mingzhu , Fu Guining , Lv Liangzhan , Ju Shaolong , Wang Yin , Xu Wenhua , Wang Fan , Cao Qingdong , Shan Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLymph node (LN) metastasis is a significant prognostic factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and there are no satisfactory methods for accurately predicting metastatic LNs. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of 99mTc‐3PRGD2 single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing metastatic LNs in ESCC.MethodsA total of 15 enrolled patients with ESCC underwent 99mTc‐3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) examinations preoperatively. High‐definition bone carving reconstruction technology (HD‐xSPECT Bone) was applied to quantitatively assess the LN's SUVmax via SPECT/CT. The two methods were compared for diagnosing metastatic LNs with pathology as the gold standard.ResultsAmong 15 patients, 23 metastatic lymph node stations (mLNSs) were predicted by SPECT/CT, with a mean SUVmax of 2.71 ± 1.34, of which 15 were pathologically confirmed; 32 mLNSs were predicted by PET/CT with a mean SUVmax of 4.41 ± 4.02, of which 17 were pathologically confirmed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SPECT/CT for diagnosing metastatic LNs were 62.50%, 91.30%, 85.34%, 65.22%, and 90.32%, respectively, and those of PET/CT were 70.83%, 83.70%, 81.03%, 53.13%, and 91.67%, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensitivity (p = 0.061) or specificity (p = 0.058) between the two methods. The AUCSPECT/CT was 0.816 and the SUVmax threshold was 2.5.Conclusion99mTc‐3PRGD2 SPECT/CT might be an effective method for diagnosing metastatic LNs in ESCC, especially in combination with HD‐xSPECT Bone. The diagnostic efficiency of this method was noninferior to that of 18F‐FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax threshold of 2.5 showed the highest agreement with the pathology findings.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome Nephropathy Occurs in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Ji Chao , Wang Yakun , Zhai Xiaoxiao , Ji Guoxin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis paper presents an analysis of the pregnancy trajectory and therapeutic regimen documentation of a primigravida with APSN. It aims at communicating the therapeutic approach and preventive measures for APSN in pregnancy.Case PresentationThis paper reports the trajectory and therapeutic regimen documentation of a primigravida with APSN. The APSN was discovered in a primigravida woman aged 26 years at 11 weeks of gestation. The initial therapy regimen consists of daily administration of prednisone 10 mg, hydroxychloroquine 200 mg, dapparin 5000 IU, and aspirin 50 mg. At a gestational age of 20 + 3 weeks, the dosage of dapparin was modified to 5000 IU/other day, along with a significant rise in urinary protein level seen at 30 + 3 weeks of gestational age. The initial dosage of dapanin sodium was renewed. The patient delivered at 38 + 3 weeks of gestation without other complications.ConclusionIt is imperative to acknowledge that altering the dosage and administration of medication should not be done haphazardly during pregnancy.
The first isotopic evidence of Early Iron Age lead ore exploitation in the Silesian‐Krakow upland, Poland: a provenance study of Lusatian culture lead ornaments
Authors: Miśta‐Jakubowska E. , Dzięgielewski K. , Rozmus D. , Czech‐Błońska R. , Szymaszkiewicz M. , Michnik M. , Gójska A. , Karasiński J. , Garbacz‐Klempka A. , Wagner B. , Duczko W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Bronze and Early Iron Ages witnessed a significant increase in trade relations driven by the search for valuable metals. This paper presents new insights into the use of galena from the Silesia and Krakow Upland region in southern Poland, known as the ‘Olkusz ore deposits’, within the context of metal ores in prehistoric Europe. Eleven lead‐based ornaments from Lusatian Urnfield Culture cemeteries were examined using lead isotope analysis. The majority of these ornaments were found to be made from local ore, which provides evidence for the early exploitation of Olkusz lead deposits dating back 1,000 years earlier than previously known from archaeological artefacts.
The politics of the minimum wage: Explaining introduction and levels
Authors: Kozák Michal , Picot Georg 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is much economics research on the effects of minimum wages, but little research on their politics. Yet, ever more advanced capitalist democracies have introduced minimum wages, and the setting of minimum wage levels has become increasingly politicized. This article is the first comprehensive study of the politics of the minimum wage: We analyse the determinants of adopting minimum wages as well as what explains variation in their levels over time, based on a dataset of 33 OECD countries from 1960 to 2017. We find that the decline in collective bargaining is the main driving force behind the introduction of ever more minimum wages. At the same time, left‐wing parties in government are most likely to adopt a minimum wage when bargaining coverage is low. Left governments are also associated with higher minimum wages, especially when the government has full control over level‐setting.
The ‘Prostate Embolisation AS first‐line therapY compAred to meDication in treatment naïVe men with prostAte eNlargement, a randomised ControllEd trial’ (P‐EASY ADVANCE): a randomised controlled trial of prostate embolisation vs medication for BPH
Authors: Brown Nicholas , Kiosoglous Anthony , Castree Stephanie , Firouzmand Sepinoud , McBean Rhiannon , Walker Duncan G. , Wallace Sean , Kua Boon , Gianduzzo Troy , Esler Rachel C. , Campbell Peter , Schoeman Joseph , Yaxley John 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo compare prostate artery embolisation (PAE) to the combination of tamsulosin and dutasteride therapy as a potential first‐line therapy for obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in treatment‐naïve patients in the ‘Prostate Embolisation AS first‐line therapY compAred to meDication in treatment naïVe men with prostAte eNlargement, a randomised ControllEd trial’ (P‐EASY ADVANCE).Patients and MethodsA total of 39 men with enlarged prostates, moderate–severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and obstructed/equivocal urodynamic studies (UDS), and who had no prior treatment for BPH, were randomised to receive either combined medical therapy with tamsulosin and dutasteride (medication) or PAE. Follow‐up UDS, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry and ultrasound were performed at short‐ to medium‐term intervals following interventions and compared to baseline.ResultsThe medication and PAE treatment groups had similar baseline characteristics, including prostate volumes (87.8 and 85.4 mL respectively), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax; 6.5 and 6.6 mL/s, respectively), IPSS (19.5 and 21, respectively) and obstructed UDS (79% and 74%, respectively). Both interventions improved voiding and bladder outflow obstruction from baseline, with more patients unobstructed after PAE (63%) compared to medication (28%) (P = 0.03). PAE patients had significantly greater reductions in prostate size (P < 0.001), incomplete emptying (P = 0.002), total IPSS (P = 0.032), Qmax (P = 0.006) and quality of life (P = 0.001). Altered ejaculation, erectile dysfunction and nausea were more common in the medication group.ConclusionProstate artery embolisation was more effective than combined medical therapy at reducing urinary obstruction, decreasing prostate volume and improving LUTS in patients with BPH who had not previously been treated. This is the first randomised control study to compare PAE and combined medical therapy in exclusively treatment‐naïve patients and raises the potential of PAE as an alternative early treatment option for BPH. Further randomised comparative trials are planned to further validate the role of PAE in mitigating obstructive BPH.
Myelin modulates the process of isoflurane anesthesia through the regulation of neural activity
Authors: Wang Xu , Yi Rulan , Liang Xiaoling , Zhang Ning , Zhong Fuwang , Lu Yali , Chen Wenjia , Yu Tian , Zhang Linyong , Wang Haiying , Zhou Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThe mechanism underlying the reversible unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics (GA) remains unclear. Recent studies revealed the critical roles of myelin and oligodendrocytes (OLs) in higher functions of the brain. However, it is unknown whether myelin actively participates in the regulation of GA. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles and possible mechanisms of myelin in the regulation of consciousness alterations induced by isoflurane anesthesia.MethodsFirst, demyelination models for the entire brain and specific neural nuclei were established to investigate the potential role of myelination in the regulation of GA, as well as its possible regional specificity. c‐Fos staining was then performed on the demyelinated nuclei to verify the impact of myelin loss on neuronal activity. Finally, the activity of neurons during isoflurane anesthesia in demyelinated mice was recorded by optical fiber photometric calcium signal. The related behavioral indicators and EEG were recorded and analyzed.ResultsA prolonged emergence time was observed from isoflurane anesthesia in demyelinated mice, which suggested the involvement of myelin in regulating GA. The demyelination in distinct nuclei by LPC further clarified the region‐specific roles of isoflurane anesthesia regulation by myelin. The effect of demyelination on isoflurane anesthesia in the certain nucleus was consistent with that in neurons towards isoflurane anesthesia. Finally, we found that the mechanism of myelin in the modulation of isoflurane anesthesia is possibly through the regulation of neuronal activity.ConclusionsIn brief, myelin in the distinct neural nucleus plays an essential role in regulating the process of isoflurane anesthesia. The possible mechanism of myelin in the regulation of isoflurane anesthesia is neuronal activity modification by myelin integrity during GA. Our findings enhanced the comprehension of myelin function, and offered a fresh perspective for investigating the neural mechanisms of GA.
Generalizability of electroencephalographic interpretation using artificial intelligence: An external validation study
Authors: Mansilla Daniel , Tveit Jesper , Aurlien Harald , Avigdor Tamir , Ros‐Castello Victoria , Ho Alyssa , Abdallah Chifaou , Gotman Jean , Beniczky Sándor , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe automated interpretation of clinical electroencephalograms (EEGs) using artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to bridge the treatment gap in resource‐limited settings and reduce the workload at specialized centers. However, to facilitate broad clinical implementation, it is essential to establish generalizability across diverse patient populations and equipment. We assessed whether SCORE‐AI demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of experts when applied to a geographically different patient population, recorded with distinct EEG equipment and technical settings.MethodsWe assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a “fixed‐and‐frozen” AI model, using an independent dataset and external gold standard, and benchmarked it against three experts blinded to all other data. The dataset comprised 50% normal and 50% abnormal routine EEGs, equally distributed among the four major classes of EEG abnormalities (focal epileptiform, generalized epileptiform, focal nonepileptiform, and diffuse nonepileptiform). To assess diagnostic accuracy, we computed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI model and the experts against the external gold standard.ResultsWe analyzed EEGs from 104 patients (64 females, median age = 38.6 [range = 16–91] years). SCORE‐AI performed equally well compared to the experts, with an overall accuracy of 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 90%–94%) versus 94% (95% CI = 92%–96%). There was no significant difference between SCORE‐AI and the experts for any metric or category. SCORE‐AI performed well independently of the vigilance state (false classification during awake: 5/41 [12.2%], false classification during sleep: 2/11 [18.2%]; p = .63) and normal variants (false classification in presence of normal variants: 4/14 [28.6%], false classification in absence of normal variants: 3/38 [7.9%]; p = .07).SignificanceSCORE‐AI achieved diagnostic performance equal to human experts in an EEG dataset independent of the development dataset, in a geographically distinct patient population, recorded with different equipment and technical settings than the development dataset.
Adjunctive cenobamate in people with focal onset seizures: Insights from the Italian Expanded Access Program
Authors: Roberti Roberta , Assenza Giovanni , Bisulli Francesca , Boero Giovanni , Canafoglia Laura , Chiesa Valentina , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Elia Maurizio , Ferlazzo Edoardo , Giordano Alfonso , La Neve Angela , Liguori Claudio , Meletti Stefano , Operto Francesca Felicia , Pietrafusa Nicola , Puligheddu Monica , Pulitano Patrizia , Rosati Eleonora , Sammarra Ilaria , Tartara Elena , Vatti Giampaolo , Villani Flavio ,   CNB EAP Italy Study Group, Russo Emilio , Lattanzi Simona 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness/tolerability of adjunctive cenobamate, variations in the load of concomitant antiseizure medications (ASMs) and predictors of clinical response in people with focal epilepsy.MethodsThis was a retrospective study at 21 centers participating in the Italian Expanded Access Program. Effectiveness outcomes included retention and responder rates (≥50% and 100% reduction in baseline seizure frequency). Tolerability/safety outcomes included the rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) and their incidence. Total drug load was quantified as the number of concomitant ASMs and total defined daily dose (DDD). Concomitant ASMs were also classified according to their mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic interactions to perform explorative subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 236 subjects with a median age of 38 (Q1–Q3 = 27–49) years were included. At 12 months, cenobamate retention rate was 78.8% and responders were 57.5%. The seizure freedom rates during the preceding 3 months were 9.8%, 12.2%, 16.3%, and 14.0% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. A higher percentage of responders was observed among subjects treated with clobazam, although the difference was not statistically significant. A total of 223 AEs were recorded in 133 of 236 participants, leading to cenobamate discontinuation in 8.5% cases. At 12 months, a reduction of one or two concomitant ASMs occurred in 42.6% and 4.3% of the subjects. The median total DDD of all concomitant ASMs decreased from 3.34 (Q1–Q3 = 2.50–4.47) at baseline to 2.50 (Q1–Q3 = 1.67–3.50) at 12 months (p < .001, median percentage reduction = 22.2%). The highest rates of cotreatment withdrawal and reductions in the DDD were observed for sodium channel blockers and γ‐aminobutyric acidergic modulators (above all for those linked to pharmacokinetic interactions), and perampanel.SignificanceAdjunctive cenobamate was associated with a reduction in seizure frequency and in the burden of concomitant ASMs in adults with difficult‐to‐treat focal epilepsy. The type of ASM associated did not influence effectiveness except for a favorable trend with clobazam.
Identification of a new retigabine derivative with improved photostability for selective activation of neuronal Kv7 channels and antiseizure activity
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Qiao Zhen , Luan Kun , Xiang Wei , Chang Xiuying , Zhang Yanru , Wei Ningning , Wang KeWei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivePharmacological activation of neuronal Kv7 channels by the antiepileptic drug retigabine (RTG; ezogabine) has been proven effective in treating partial epilepsy. However, RTG was withdrawn from the market due to the toxicity caused by its phenazinium dimer metabolites, leading to peripheral skin discoloration and retinal abnormalities. To address the undesirable metabolic properties of RTG and prevent the formation of phenazinium dimers, we made chemical modifications to RTG, resulting in a new RTG derivative, 1025c, N,N′‐{4‐[(4‐fluorobenzyl) (prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)amino]‐1,2‐phenylene}bis(3,3‐dimethylbutanamide).MethodsWhole‐cell recordings were used to evaluate Kv7 channel openers. Site‐directed mutagenesis and molecular docking were adopted to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying 1025c and Kv7.2 interactions. Mouse seizure models of maximal electroshock (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ), and PTZ‐induced kindling were utilized to test compound antiepileptic activity.ResultsThe novel compound 1025c selectively activates whole‐cell Kv7.2/7.3 currents in a concentration‐dependent manner, with half‐maximal effective concentration of .91 ± .17 μmol·L−1. The 1025c compound also causes a leftward shift in Kv7.2/7.3 current activation toward a more hyperpolarized membrane potential, with a shift of the half voltage of maximal activation (ΔV1/2) of −18.6 ± 3.0 mV. Intraperitoneal administration of 1025c demonstrates dose‐dependent antiseizure activities in assays of MES, scPTZ, and PTZ‐induced kindling models. Moreover, through site‐directed mutagenesis combined with molecular docking, a key residue Trp236 has been identified as critical for 1025c‐mediated activation of Kv7.2 channels. Photostability experiments further reveal that 1025c is more photostable than RTG and is unable to dimerize.SignificanceOur findings demonstrate that 1025c exhibits potent and selective activation of neuronal Kv7 channels without being metabolized to phenazinium dimers, suggesting its developmental potential as an antiseizure agent for therapy.
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) intercepted at South Korean points of entry
Authors: Suh Soo‐Jung , Tasen Wattanachai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSixty‐two species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were intercepted at South Korean points of entry on plants for planting imported from tropical and subtropical Asia from 1996 to 2023. Information on the number of interceptions, host plants, consignment origin and their years of interception is provided. Data on intercepted ant species were analysed to determine potential invasive species of ants that could cause damage not only to agricultural, forestry, and natural ecosystems but also to industry and that could endanger human health.
Correlation between kinematic parameters, ataxia and ground‐to‐lip distance in detomidine sedated horses
Authors: Izquierdo‐Moreno Jorge , de Paz Marta Illán , Manso‐Díaz Gabriel , Villalba‐Orero María , López‐Sanromán Javier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn accurate evaluation of the degree of sedation is mandatory to adjust the dosage of sedative drugs.ObjectivesTo determine the correlation between head height above the ground and ataxia degree in horses sedated with detomidine and the correlation existing between accelerometric variables and both parameters.Study designRetrospective study.MethodsTwelve horses were given 0.01 mg/kg of detomidine hydrochloride iv. Measured accelerometric parameters, with one accelerometer positioned between both sacral tuberosities, included speed, stride frequency and length, regularity, dorsoventral, longitudinal, mediolateral and total accelerometric activities, relative force index and dorsoventral, longitudinal and mediolateral parts of the accelerometric activities. Head height above the ground (cm) and subjective ataxia degree were also measured. Baseline values (−15 min) and values measured 5 and 15 min after the injection and then every 15 min for a period of 2 h were obtained.ResultsThere was a negative and strong correlation between head height above the ground and ataxia degree (Pearson r = −0.78, p < 0.001), particularly during the first 45 min. A significant correlation was found between head height above the ground and almost all accelerometric parameters. This correlation was very strong with stride frequency, regularity and dorsoventral and total accelerometric activities in both cases, but for ataxia, also with total accelerometric activity.Main limitationsExperimental conditions may not represent real clinical situations.ConclusionsStride frequency and regularity are the most reliable parameters to determine degree of sedation and are related to the sedation produced. Ataxia should not be considered a separate property of sedation and does not need to be assessed separately to the depth of sedation.