bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic compartmentalization of exhausted and regulatory cells in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients
Authors: Barrett L. , Trehanpati N. , Poonia S. , Daigh L. , Sarin S. Kumar , Masur H. , Kottilil S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAccelerated intrahepatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) pathogenesis is likely the result of dysregulation within both the innate and adaptive immune compartments, but the exact contribution of peripheral blood and liver lymphocyte subsets remains unclear. Prolonged activation and expansion of immunoregulatory cells have been thought to play a role. We determined immune cell subset frequency in contemporaneous liver and peripheral blood samples from chronic HCV‐infected and HIV/HCV‐coinfected individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and biopsy‐derived liver‐infiltrating lymphocytes from 26 HIV/HCV‐coinfected, 10 chronic HCV‐infected and 10 HIV‐infected individuals were assessed for various subsets of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cell, natural killer (NK) cell and NK T‐cell frequency by flow cytometry. CD8+ T cells expressing the exhaustion marker PD‐1 were increased in HCV‐infected individuals compared with uninfected individuals (P = 0.02), and HIV coinfection enhanced this effect (P = 0.005). In the liver, regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, as well as CD4+CD25+PD1+ T cells, were more frequent in HIV/HCV‐coinfected than in HCV‐monoinfected samples (P < 0.001). HCV was associated with increased regulatory T cells, PD‐1+ T cells and decreased memory B cells, regardless of HIV infection (P ≤ 0.005 for all). Low CD8+ expression was observed only in PD‐1+CD8+ T cells from HCV‐infected individuals and healthy controls (P = 0.002) and was associated with enhanced expansion of exhausted CD8+ T cells when exposed in vitro to PHA or CMV peptides. In conclusion, in HIV/HCV coinfection, ongoing HCV replication is associated with increased regulatory and exhausted T cells in the periphery and liver that may impact control of HCV. Simultaneous characterization of liver and peripheral blood highlights the disproportionate intrahepatic compartmentalization of immunoregulatory T cells, which may contribute to establishment of chronicity and hepatic fibrogenesis in HIV coinfection.
Surgical implications for residual subluxation after closed reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip: A long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Fu Zhe , Yang Jian‐ping , Zeng Pei , Zhang Zhong‐li 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveUntreated residual subluxation after early closed reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) leads to early degenerative osteoarthritis. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of early surgical timing and its indications.MethodsThirty‐six patients (48 hips) with untreated residual subluxation after closed reduction who had serial follow‐up radiographs until they had reached skeletal maturity were retrospectively reviewed. The average age at closed reduction was 1.6 years and at the last follow‐up 13.8 years. The last radiographs were evaluated according to the Severin classification: Severin grades I and II were defined as satisfactory and Severin grades III and IV as unsatisfactory. Several measurements of the acetabular index (AI), Reimer's index (RI), center edge angle of Wiberg (CE angle) and orientation of the sourcil of the acetabulum were evaluated.ResultsThe satisfactory group comprised 18/48 hips (37%), whereas the unsatisfactory group comprised 30/48 hips (63%). The average RI in the unsatisfactory group was significantly worse than that in the satisfactory group at the age of ≥3–4 years, as was the average CE angle at the age of ≥4–5 years and AI at the age of ≥5–6 years. As remodeling occurs over time, some subluxations diagnosed at age of 2–3 years developed into normal hips. At 3–4 years, 42 hips were still subluxed; 71% of these had unsatisfactory final Severin grades. At 4–5 years, 30 hips were still subluxed; 87% of these had unsatisfactory Severin grades (III and IV). Very little remodeling after the age of 5 years. Eighteen/18 hips with (34.4% ± 4.5% vs 43.0% ± 4.6%, P < 0.00) RI >38% at the age of 3–4 years fell into the unsatisfactory (21.0° ± 5.5° vs 10.6° ± 5.2°, P < 0.01) group. In addition, 26/30 hips with RI >33% at the age of 4–5 years were in the unsatisfactory group, as were 26/26 hips with upward sourcil orientation.ConclusionTo avoid early osteoarthritis, surgery correction of residual subluxation is recommended when the RI >38% at the age of 3–4 years or the RI >33% with the sourcil upward at the age of 4–5 years.
Comparison of One versus Two Cages in Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disease: a Meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jin , Tang Jing , Liu Hao 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo systematically compare the fusion rate and safety of lumbar interbody fusion using one cage versus two cages for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal diseases.MethodsAll randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies written in English comparing the outcome of lumbar interbody fusion using one or two cages in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal diseases were identified by a comprehensive search of PubMed Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. An exhaustive electronic search up to July 2013. The quality of the methodology was assessed and relevant data retrieved independently by two reviewers, after which the resultant data were subjected to meta‐analysis. All meta‐analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.0, which is recommended and provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.ResultsOur systematic search yielded 745 studies from the selected databases. After duplicate studies had been identified and the titles and abstracts screened, 736 studies were excluded because they were irrelevant to our topic. The full texts of the remaining nine potentially relevant references were comprehensively evaluated and four excluded for the following reasons: two studies involved co‐interventions and the other two lacked control groups. Two relevant RCTs and three comparative observational studies involving 384 patients and 501 spinal segments with at least one year follow‐up were identified. Analysis of the pooled data demonstrated no significant difference in fusion rate between the one‐cage and two‐cage groups. However, intraoperative blood loss and operating time were less and the complications rate lower in the one‐cage group.ConclusionIn patients with degenerative lumbar spinal diseases, lumbar interbody fusion using one cage has an equal fusion rate and is safer compared with using two cages. However, because this meta‐analysis had some limitations, more high quality RCTs are needed to strengthen the evidence.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Ruptured Lumbar Disc Herniation: Clinical Observations in 102 Cases
Authors: Yu Peng‐fei , Jiang Hong , Liu Jin‐tao , Li Xiao‐chun , Qian Xiang , Han Song , Ma Zhi‐jia 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) regimen on patients with ruptured lumbar disc herniation, including assessing its effects on prognosis and protrusion size.MethodsFrom June 2008 to December 2011, 102 patients with ruptured lumbar disc herniation who chose conservative treatment with TCM as their first choice were followed up for 2 years to assess their final surgical rate, improvement according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and to calculate the volume and rate of resorption of their protrusions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results(i) Eighty‐three of the 102 patients (81.37%) experienced partial or complete relief; the remaining 19 (18.63%) eventually needed surgery. (ii) In the 83 patents who underwent conservative treatment, rates of excellent JOA scores at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years were 79.52%, 81.93%, 81.93% and 83.13% respectively; differences between these and pretreatment scores are all statistically significant (P < 0.01). (iii) The volume of protrusion in the patients who chose conservative treatment decreased from 1433.89 ± 525.49 mm3 (mean ± SD) to 1002.01 ± 592.95 mm3, which is statistically significant (t = 6.854, P < 0.01). The average resorption rate was 27.25% ± 32.97%; in 20 patients (24.10%) the resorption rate was >50%. The remaining 63 patients had no obvious resorption; their excellent rate was 77.77%. The difference in rate of achieving an excellent outcome differed significantly between those who did and did not have resorption of their protrusions (P = 0.018).ConclusionConservative treatment with a TCM regimen is effective for ruptured lumbar disc herniation and can promote resorption of the protrusion; however, patients who develop specific indications for surgery during such treatment should undergo surgery in a timely manner.
Treatment of Chronic Deltoid Ligament Injury Using Suture Anchors
Authors: Wang Xu , Ma Xin , Zhang Chao , Wang Chen , Huang Jia‐zhang 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of overlapping suture‐anchor fixation for treatment of chronic deltoid ligament injury.MethodsSeventeen patients (11 men, 6 women of mean age 32.1 years [range, 18–58 years]) who had undergone surgery for chronic deltoid ligament injury from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperatively, they had undergone bilateral weight‐bearing posterior‐anterior radiographs, (MRI) and ultrasound examinations of the ankle. Ankle arthroscopy was performed to confirm the diagnosis, followed by surgery to clear intra‐articular proliferating synovial tissues and remove cartilage debris and scar tissue. The deep layer of the deltoid ligament was sutured onto the tip of the medial malleolus and its superficial layer sutured onto its periosteum and fixed with suture anchors. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system for the ankle‐hindfoot was used to evaluate the ankles pre‐ and post‐operatively.ResultsThe 17 patients were followed up for 12–34 months (mean 20.1 months). The angle between the long axes of the talus and first metatarsal and the hindfoot angle measured in a hindfoot alignment view (as described by Saltzman) were reduced from 5.4° ± 1.8° and 8.2° ± 2.6° preoperatively to 4.0° ± 0.9° and 5.3° ± 1.3° postoperatively, respectively. The mean AOFAS ankle‐hindfoot score was 76.8 ± 7.0 preoperatively and 94.1 ± 3.3 at the last follow‐up visit. Ten patients were scored as excellent, six as good, and one as fair. Pain was relieved in all patients and no patients had recurrent deltoid ligament injury.ConclusionUsing suture anchors to treat chronic deltoid ligament injury has relatively satisfactory outcomes.
Skin conductance fear conditioning impairments and aggression: A longitudinal study
Authors: Gao Yu , Tuvblad Catherine , Schell Anne , Baker Laura , Raine Adrian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAutonomic fear conditioning deficits have been linked to child aggression and adult criminal behavior. However, it is unknown if fear conditioning deficits are specific to certain subtypes of aggression, and longitudinal research is rare. In the current study, reactive and proactive aggression were assessed in a sample of males and females when aged 10, 12, 15, and 18 years old. Skin conductance fear conditioning data were collected when they were 18 years old. Individuals who were persistently high on proactive aggression measures had significantly poorer conditioned responses at 18 years old when compared to others. This association was not found for reactive aggression. Consistent with prior literature, findings suggest that persistent antisocial individuals have unique neurobiological characteristics and that poor autonomic fear conditioning is associated with the presence of increased instrumental aggressive behavior.
Employability, Poverty and the Spheres of Sociability – Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
Authors: Canduela Jesus , Lindsay Colin , Raeside Robert , Graham Helen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPolicymakers in theUKand beyond have sought to promote interventions to encourage social capital‐building among disadvantaged groups. One specific concern is that those with limited access to social capital/social network relationships will be at greater risk of experiencing both unemployment and poverty. By analyzing longitudinal data from theBritishHouseholdPanelSurvey (BHPS), we seek to identify significant relationships between poverty and the likelihood of entering employment, and different measures of ‘sociability’ and social isolation. Crucially, we discuss if and how measures of sociability/social isolation are associated with jobseekers' varying chances of exiting and re‐entering work and how this varies with their experience of poverty. These issues are important because if sociability impacts on the likelihood of entering employment from a state of worklessness, then policymakers need to understand how cycles of social and labour market exclusion are associated with the rates of entering employment in order to develop effective interventions to improve jobseekers' employability and combat poverty. Following an analysis ofBHPSdata, we identify lessons for policy for combating long‐term unemployment and promoting social inclusion.
Treatment of rare co‐occurrence of Epstein–Barr virus‐driven post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Weber T. , Wickenhauser C. , Monecke A. , Gläser C. , Stadler M. , Desole M. , Ligeti K. , Behrmann C. , Müller‐Tidow C. , Müller L.P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn both conditions, post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a key mechanism: almost all PTLD in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is caused by EBV‐related neoplastic lymphoproliferation, and secondary HLH is most frequently triggered by EBV infection. Therefore, concomitant EBV‐driven PTLD and HLH early after alloSCT require an approach to eliminate EBV and balance immune activation simultaneously. We report on a patient who developed simultaneous PTLD and signs of HLH on day 64 after alloSCT. Treatment was comprised of stopping cyclosporine, short‐course dexamethasone, and 3 courses of rituximab. The patient showed full recovery and complete remission of lymphadenopathy. This result indicates that immediate reduction in EBV‐carrying B cells by rituximab, suppression of general inflammation, and parallel support of reconstitution of long‐term T‐cell function, might be an appropriate therapeutic approach in this rare situation.
Clinical and histological characteristics of canine ocular gliovascular syndrome
Authors: Treadwell Amy , Naranjo Carolina , Blocker Tiffany , Zarfoss Mitzi , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical, diagnostic, and histopathologic findings in dogs with canine ocular gliovascular syndrome (COGS).ProceduresThe archives at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW) were used to identify eyes with COGS. Histopathological inclusion criteria included: a neovascular membrane extending from the optic nerve head or retina, clusters of spindle cells lacking vascularization within the vitreous, and histological signs of glaucoma. Special and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques were performed. Clinical data, treatments, and outcomes were obtained from case records and information provided by submitting veterinarians.ResultsThirty‐seven eyes of 36 dogs were identified with COGS. The average age at diagnosis was 8.8 years (±2.2). The relative risk for a Labrador retriever affected by COGS was significantly greater (9.3 times) (P < 0.0001) when compared to all other dog breeds within the COPLOW database. Most dogs presented with hyphema and secondary glaucoma; average intraocular pressure was 39 mmHg (±19). Average time to enucleation or evisceration was 27 days. Vitreal cells stained positive with IHC for glial fibrillary acidic protein in 14 of 17 globes, and vascular endothelial growth factor was expressed in the vitreal cells in five of five globes.ConclusionsWe have defined a syndrome associated with vitreal glial cell aggregates and neovascular proliferation from the optic nerve or retina, which leads to neovascular glaucoma. The inflammation and secondary glaucoma resulting from this syndrome appear poorly responsive to conventional medical therapies. The exact etiology of COGS remains undetermined, but a systemic etiology is unlikely.
Resurgent current of voltage‐gated Na+ channels
Authors: Lewis Amanda H. , Raman Indira M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractResurgent Na+ current results from a distinctive form of Na+ channel gating, originally identified in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. In these neurons, the tetrodotoxin‐sensitive voltage‐gated Na+ channels responsible for action potential firing have specialized mechanisms that reduce the likelihood that they accumulate in fast inactivated states, thereby shortening refractory periods and permitting rapid, repetitive, and/or burst firing. Under voltage clamp, step depolarizations evoke transient Na+ currents that rapidly activate and quickly decay, and step repolarizations elicit slower channel reopening, or a ‘resurgent’ current. The generation of resurgent current depends on a factor in the Na+ channel complex, probably a subunit such as NaVβ4 (Scn4b), which blocks open Na+ channels at positive voltages, competing with the fast inactivation gate, and unblocks at negative voltages, permitting recovery from an open channel block along with a flow of current. Following its initial discovery, resurgent Na+ current has been found in nearly 20 types of neurons. Emerging research suggests that resurgent current is preferentially increased in a variety of clinical conditions associated with altered cellular excitability. Here we review the biophysical, molecular and structural mechanisms of resurgent current and their relation to the normal functions of excitable cells as well as pathophysiology.
Antibiotic Multiresistance Analysis of Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Goat and Lamb Slaughterhouse Surfaces throughout the Meat Production Process
Authors: Lavilla Lerma Leyre , Benomar Nabil , Casado Muñoz María del Carmen , Gálvez Antonio , Abriouel Hikmate 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of pseudomonads isolated from surfaces of a goat and lamb slaughterhouse, which were representative of areas that are possible sources of meat contamination. Mesophilic (85 isolates) and psychrotrophic (37 isolates) pseudomonads identified at the species level generally were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, rifampin, and ceftazidime (especially mesophiles), as well as colistin and tetracycline (especially psychrotrophes). However, they generally were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and kanamycin regardless of species identity. Worryingly, in the present study, we found multidrug resistance (MDR) to up to 13 antibiotics, which was related to intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, a link between various antimicrobial resistance genes was shown for beta-lactams and tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. The distribution and resistome-based analysis of MDR pseudomonads in different slaughterhouse zones indicated that the main sources of the identical or related pseudomonad strains were the animals (feet and wool) and the slaughterhouse environment, being disseminated from the beginning, or entrance environment, to the environment of the finished meat products. Those facts must be taken into consideration to avoid cross-contamination with the subsequent flow of mobile resistance determinants throughout all slaughterhouse zones and then to humans and the environment by the application of adequate practices of hygiene and disinfection measures, including those for animal wool and feet and also the entrance environment.
Campylobacter Colonization and Proliferation in the Broiler Chicken upon Natural Field Challenge Is Not Affected by the Bird Growth Rate or Breed
Authors: Gormley Fraser J. , Bailey Richard A. , Watson Kellie A. , McAdam Jim , Avendaño Santiago , Stanley William A. , Koerhuis Alfons N. M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The zoonotic association between
Campylobacter
bacteria in poultry and humans has been characterized by decades of research which has attempted to elucidate the epidemiology of this complex relationship and to reduce carriage within poultry. While much work has focused on the mechanisms facilitating its success in contaminating chicken flocks (and other animal hosts), it remains difficult to consistently exclude
Campylobacter
under field conditions. Within the United Kingdom poultry industry, various bird genotypes with widely varying growth rates are available to meet market needs and consumer preferences. However, little is known about whether any differences in
Campylobacter
carriage exist across this modern broiler range. The aim of this study was to establish if a relationship exists between growth rate or breed and cecal
Campylobacter
concentration after natural commercial flock
Campylobacter
challenge. In one investigation, four pure line genotypes of various growth rates were grown together, while in the second, eight different commercial broiler genotypes were grown individually. In both studies, the
Campylobacter
concentration was measured in the ceca at 42 days of age, revealing no significant difference in cecal load between birds of different genotypes both in mixed- and single-genotype pens. This is important from a public health perspective and suggests that other underlying reasons beyond genotype are likely to control and affect
Campylobacter
colonization within chickens. Further studies to gain a better understanding of colonization dynamics and subsequent proliferation are needed, as are novel approaches to reduce the burden in poultry.