bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Embodiment Concept Combines Neuroethics and AI Ethics – Relational Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Neurotechnologies and the Future of Work
Authors: Weh Ludwig 
Published: August 2024

AbstractApplications of artificial intelligence (AI) bear great transformative potential in the economic, technological and social sectors, impacting especially future work environments. Ethical regulation of AI requires a relational understanding of the technology by relevant stakeholder groups such as researchers, developers, politicians, civil servants, affected workers or other users applying AI in their work processes. The purpose of this paper is to support relational AI discourse for an improved ethical framing and regulation of the technology. The argumentation emphasizes a widespread reembodied understanding of AI technology as critical requirement for capable ethical and regulatory frameworks. A sociotechnical perspective encourages the material interpretation of AI as reembodied adaptation of biological intelligence. Reviewing Cartesian dualism as motivating the disembodiment of human intelligence for its transfer to machines, the argumentation develops an integrated embodiment concept of AI in its mechanistic, naturalistic, combined AI and neuroethical, and relational contexts. This concept is discussed in relation to basic phenomenological and postphenomenological assumptions, and is applied to the example of AI-based neurotechnology potentially disrupting future work processes. Strengthening a human-centered approach, the presented concept for a reembodied understanding of AI technology enables better integrated ethical and regulatory debates, and improves social discourse and human agency in developing and regulating AI technology.
Dissemination of the 2022 ASMBS and IFSO Guidelines for Bariatric Surgery: What Has Reached Primary Care Providers?
Authors: Hulse John , Slay Richard , Bryant Mary Kate , Byrne T. Karl , Pullatt Rana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Only 1% of Americans eligible for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) receive MBS. Prior studies have analyzed primary care provider (PCP) referral patterns and perceptions of MBS as a potential barrier to increasing MBS. However, less data exists regarding PCP knowledge of MBS indications and outcomes. Following the 2022 update to the indications for MBS by the ASMBS and IFSO, the number of eligible patients is only expected to increase. We evaluated PCP knowledge regarding the existence of the 2022 ASMBS and IFSO updated guidelines, MBS indications, and MBS outcomes.

Methods
An 11-question survey was emailed to primary care residents, advanced practice providers, and faculty at a single institution.

Results
Of 151 surveys distributed, 39.7% responded (n = 60). 95% were unaware of the 2022 updated guidelines. On multiple choice questions, 16.3% correctly identified the average weight loss from MBS, and 46.8% correctly answered the diabetes remission rate following MBS. Trainee answers were not statistically significant from practicing PCPs. Fifteen respondents had referred a patient for MBS, but this subgroup did not perform significantly better on the assessment. A total of 72.3% of respondents reported inadequate MBS education during their training, and 85.1% were interested in additional education.

Conclusions
We present the first assessment of PCP MBS knowledge since the release of the 2022 updated ASMBS and IFSO guidelines. This study indicates a gap in PCPs’ knowledge regarding the updated guidelines and represents an opportunity for collaboration with our primary care colleagues to provide further MBS education.
Antecedents of researchers’ behavioral intentions to use crowdsourcing in science: a multilevel approach
Authors: Lenart-Gansiniec Regina , Czakon Wojciech , Meyer Natanya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrowdsourcing in science is a collaborative online process through which scientists involve a group of self-selected individuals of varying, diverse knowledge and skills via an open call on the Internet and/or online platforms to undertake a specified research task or set of tasks. It is a response to the call for more inclusive, responsive and transparent research in science. Despite the growing importance of crowdsourcing in science, little is known about which factors influence researchers’ behavioural intentions to use crowdsourcing in science. This study aims to identify factors that influence researchers’ behavioural intentions to use crowdsourcing in science, as well as to develop and test a theoretical multilevel model of researchers’ behavioural intentions to use crowdsourcing in science. We use a sequential mixed method: (1) focus group interviews with 36 researchers from six fields of science, in line with the OECD classification; and (2) partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), using a survey of 552 management researchers to test the model. Managerial and theoretical results show that the antecedents to perceived usefulness and perceived organizational support positively impact the intention to use crowdsourcing in science. Our study offers a new conceptual framework that presents antecedents relevant to scholars’ intention to use crowdsourcing in science. The results bring implications for researchers, managerial staff of institutions of higher education and decision-makers that can encourage researchers of crowdsourcing in science to further develop scientific knowledge in the field.
60 Jahre Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr
Authors: Jakob Gisela 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Freiwillige Soziale Jahr (FSJ) stellt ein passgenaues Angebot für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene im Übergang Schule/Ausbildung dar. Seine Geschichte ist durch eine stetige Zunahme der Teilnehmer_innen und eine Ausdifferenzierung des Formats gekennzeichnet. Dies kam allerdings nicht allen Gruppen gleichermaßen zugute, sondern vor allem junge Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen blieben weitgehend ausgeschlossen. Neben Anforderungen zur Öffnung für bislang vernachlässigte Zielgruppen kommen für Trägerorganisationen und Einrichtungen weitere Herausforderungen hinzu: der Umgang mit Tendenzen einer Indienstnahme für politische Zwecke sowie die derzeitige Auseinandersetzung mit Forderungen nach einer verpflichtenden Dienstzeit.
Effect of deep learning reconstruction on the assessment of pancreatic cystic lesions using computed tomography
Authors: Kanzawa Jun , Yasaka Koichiro , Ohizumi Yuji , Morita Yuichi , Kurokawa Mariko , Abe Osamu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the image quality and detection performance of pancreatic cystic lesions between computed tomography (CT) images reconstructed by deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and filtered back projection (FBP). This retrospective study included 54 patients (mean age: 67.7 ± 13.1) who underwent contrast-enhanced CT from May 2023 to August 2023. Among eligible patients, 30 and 24 were positive and negative for pancreatic cystic lesions, respectively. DLR and FBP were used to reconstruct portal venous phase images. Objective image quality analyses calculated quantitative image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) using regions of interest on the abdominal aorta, pancreatic lesion, and pancreatic parenchyma. Three blinded radiologists performed subjective image quality assessment and lesion detection tests. Lesion depiction, normal structure illustration, subjective image noise, and overall image quality were utilized as subjective image quality indicators. DLR significantly reduced quantitative image noise compared with FBP (p < 0.001). SNR and CNR were significantly improved in DLR compared with FBP (p < 0.001). Three radiologists rated significantly higher scores for DLR in all subjective image quality indicators (p ≤ 0.029). Performance of DLR and FBP were comparable in lesion detection, with no statistically significant differences in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. DLR reduced image noise and improved image quality with a clearer depiction of pancreatic structures. These improvements may have a positive effect on evaluating pancreatic cystic lesions, which can contribute to appropriate management of these lesions.
Afrothismia ugandensis nom. nov. (Afrothismiaceae), Critically Endangered and endemic to Budongo Central Forest Reserve, Uganda
Authors: Cheek Martin , Gereau Roy E. , Kalema James 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe fully mycotrophic (or mycoheterophic) Afrothismia ugandensis Cheek nom. nov. (Afrothismiaceae), formerly described as A. winkleri (Engl.) Schltr. var. budongensis Cowley from the Budongo Forest in Western Uganda, is renamed, redescribed and illustrated. This change in status is supported by eight newly elucidated, qualitative, morphological, diagnostic characters despite the overall similarity with A. winkleri, a species restricted to Cameroon and Gabon. Afrothismia ugandensis is remarkable in the genus for occurring in semi-deciduous (not evergreen) forest and for having ellipsoid or ovoid (vs globose) root bulbils. It has only been recorded twice, first in August 1940, and most recently in June 1998, despite targeted searches in recent years. In both 1940 and 1998, only single individuals appear to have been detected. A single site for the species is known with certainty. It is here assessed as Critically Endangered [CR B2ab(iii); D1] using the IUCN categories and criteria. A. ugandensis is threatened by forest degradation and clearance due to illegal, selective, small-holder logging for firewood and charcoal, timber and limited agriculture.
Technology and Interspecies Musical Practice
Authors: Kass Susanne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis case study on the work of interspecies musician David Rothenberg explores how engaging with the songs and rhythms of other species continues to challenge his musical practice and aesthetic. Technology, science and art come together in an artistic and research practice, which is grounded in the belief that technologies can bring us closer to nature. The article outlines how Umwelt theory, enactive music cognition, biosemiotics and the phenomenology of human-technology relations are engaged in the perception and creation of musical experiences. It also looks at how interdisciplinary research practices that traverse zoomusicology, the visual and performing arts, and data visualisation contribute to interspecies music theory and practice. The article concludes by presenting four interspecies auditory dispositives as a guide to how knowledge, tools and practice are entangled in concrete examples from Rothenberg’s musical collaborations with nightingales, humpback whales, periodical cicadas and pond life.
Pattern Theory of Selflessness: How Meditation May Transform the Self-Pattern
Authors: Berkovich-Ohana Aviva , Brown Kirk Warren , Gallagher Shaun , Barendregt Henk , Bauer Prisca , Giommi Fabio , Nyklíček Ivan , Ostafin Brian , Raffone Antonino , Slagter Heleen A. , Trautwein Fynn-Mathis , Vago David , Amaro Ajahn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor many centuries, scholars and philosophers from wisdom traditions in different cultures have reported and discussed non-self states of consciousness. These states can be both short-term (state, transitory) and long-term (trait, lasting) conditions. However, in psychology, the importance of a healthy self is usually emphasized, and some theorists have dismissed the idea of “selfless” modes of functioning. This disagreement hinders further empirical progress in the study of self and the way it might be affected by meditation. This paper addresses this issue by providing an interdisciplinary conceptual discussion, grounded in the pattern theory of self (PTS). According to PTS, what we call “self” is a complex pattern of dynamically related constituent processes, which include embodied, experiential (prereflective), affective, psychological/cognitive, reflective, narrative, intersubjective, ecological, and normative processes. We propose that Buddhist and secular meditative practices induce a reorganization of the self-pattern, allowing individuals to experience a “selfless” state, both temporarily and persistently. We then put forward a heuristic model, the pattern theory of selflessness (PTSL), possibly experienced through meditation practices. The proposed PTSL model consists of six transformations that contribute to self-pattern reorganization in a nonlinear and iterative manner: consolidating and integrating the self-pattern; cultivating concentration and present-moment awareness; cultivating mindful awareness; self-deconstruction (non-self) states; self-flexibility; and self-liberation as a trait. This conceptual analysis and integrative view contributes to the growing field of consciousness and contemplative research by advancing the contemporary understanding of non-self experience and its relation to Buddhist and secular meditation. The proposed model serves as a basis for interdisciplinary efforts to guide empirical research in this area.
Self-Deception: A Case Study in Folk Conceptual Structure
Authors: Isern-Mas Carme , Hannikainen Ivar R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTheoretical debates around the concept of self-deception revolve around identifying the conditions for a behavior to qualify as self-deception. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that various candidate features—such as intent, belief change, and motive—are treated as sufficient, but non-necessary, conditions according to the lay concept of self-deception. This led us to ask whether there are multiple lay concepts, such that different participants endorse competing theories (the disagreement view), or whether individual participants assign partial weight to various features and consequently waver in cases of middling similarity (the conflict view). In Experiment 3, by-participant regression models uncovered that most participants additively consider multiple characteristics of the prototype of self-deception, while only a minority of participants treat a characteristic (or a combination thereof) as necessary and sufficient. In sum, by disambiguating interpersonal disagreement and intrapersonal conflict in a within-subjects design, the present experiments indicate that the lay concept may primarily exhibit a prototype structure. In closing, we suggest that future research deploying this method may help to explain why experimental research on philosophical concepts often engenders partial support for competing theories.
Centering Equity in the Implementation of Exposure and Response Prevention for Pediatric OCD: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Rudrabhatla Asha , Flowers Sasha , Becker-Haimes Emily M. , Sanchez Amanda L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), the gold standard psychosocial treatment for pediatric OCD, is severely underutilized in routine practice. The majority of youth in need do not receive ERP, with minoritized youth being even less likely to receive and benefit from ERP. Improving the equitable implementation of ERP is pivotal to improving outcomes for youth with OCD. This article examines determinants of equitable implementation and the efforts to date to improve ERP access and response across multiple levels of implementation context (e.g., clinician, innovation, societal).

Recent Findings
Determinants exist across contextual levels that inhibit or promote ERP access and response including lack of ERP cultural responsiveness, clinician training and attitudes, client stigma, therapeutic alliance, organizational supports, and workforce shortages. Most efforts have been focused on improving access through clinician training. Emerging work has also attempted to address both access and response through expanding the workforce capacity and improving the cultural responsiveness of ERP.

Summary
The review highlights the complex, multifactorial efforts required to achieve equitable access and treatment outcomes for youth with OCD. Our review suggests that there has been a disproportionate effort to date to improve ERP access and response by targeting clinicians directly; however, sustained change is unlikely unless policy and structural factors are addressed.
Depressive Symptoms Affect Cognitive Functioning from Middle to Late Adulthood: Ethnoracial Minorities Experience Greater Repercussions
Authors: Persin Michael J. , Payen Ameanté , Bateman James R. , Alessi Maria G. , Price Brittany C. , Bennett Jeanette M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCognitive deficits, a diagnostic criterion for depressive disorders, may precede or follow the development of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder. However, an individual can report an increase in depressive symptoms without any change in cognitive functioning. While ethnoracial minority group differences exist, little is known to date about how the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function may differ by ethnoracial minority status. Utilizing data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study waves II (M2) and III (M3), this study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning concurrently and longitudinally in community-dwelling adults, as well as whether the results differed by ethnoracial minority status. Our participants included 910 adults (43.8% male, 80.8% White, 54.4 ± 11.5 years old at M2). Cross-sectionally, depressive symptoms, ethnoracial minority status, and their interaction had significant effects on cognitive function, consistent with previous investigations. Longitudinally, higher M2 depressive symptoms predicted poorer cognitive function at M3 over and above M2 cognitive functioning, but only within the ethnoracial minority sample. Our finding suggests that depressive symptoms predict cognitive functioning both concurrently and across time, and this relationship is moderated by ethnoracial identity, resulting in greater cognitive deficits among ethnoracial minority groups compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts.
SAM-driven MAE pre-training and background-aware meta-learning for unsupervised vehicle re-identification
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Qi , Min Weidong , Gai Di , Han Qing , Li Longfei , Geng Yuhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDistinguishing identity-unrelated background information from discriminative identity information poses a challenge in unsupervised vehicle re-identification (Re-ID). Re-ID models suffer from varying degrees of background interference caused by continuous scene variations. The recently proposed segment anything model (SAM) has demonstrated exceptional performance in zero-shot segmentation tasks. The combination of SAM and vehicle Re-ID models can achieve efficient separation of vehicle identity and background information. This paper proposes a method that combines SAM-driven mask autoencoder (MAE) pre-training and background-aware meta-learning for unsupervised vehicle Re-ID. The method consists of three sub-modules. First, the segmentation capacity of SAM is utilized to separate the vehicle identity region from the background. SAM cannot be robustly employed in exceptional situations, such as those with ambiguity or occlusion. Thus, in vehicle Re-ID downstream tasks, a spatially-constrained vehicle background segmentation method is presented to obtain accurate background segmentation results. Second, SAM-driven MAE pre-training utilizes the aforementioned segmentation results to select patches belonging to the vehicle and to mask other patches, allowing MAE to learn identity-sensitive features in a self-supervised manner. Finally, we present a background-aware meta-learning method to fit varying degrees of background interference in different scenarios by combining different background region ratios. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has state-of-the-art performance in reducing background interference variations.
HDAC2 promotes autophagy-associated HCC malignant progression by transcriptionally activating LAPTM4B
Authors: Wang Meifeng , Liao Jianping , Wang Jie , Xu Meifang , Cheng Ye , Wei Lixin , Huang Aimin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health challenge. The activation of autophagy plays an essential role in promoting the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. However, the upstream regulatory network and mechanisms governing autophagy in HCC remain unclear. This study demonstrated that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) regulates autophagy in HCC. Its expression was elevated in HCC tissues, and high HDAC2 expression was strongly associated with poor prognosis in individuals with HCC. Integrated in vitro and in vivo investigations confirmed that HDAC2 promotes autophagy and autophagy-related malignant progression in HCC. Mechanistically, HDAC2 bound specifically to the lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4-β (LAPTM4B) promoter at four distinct binding sites, enhancing its transcriptional activation and driving autophagy-related malignant progression in HCC. These findings establish LAPTM4B as a direct target gene of HDAC2. Furthermore, the selective inhibitor of HDAC2 effectively alleviated the malignant development of HCC. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis of 105 human HCC samples revealed that HDAC2 expression is an independent predictor of HCC prognosis. This study underscores the crucial role of the HDAC2-LAPTM4B axis in regulating autophagy in the malignant evolution of HCC and highlights the potential of targeting HDAC2 to prevent and halt the malignant progression of HCC.
C5aR1 antagonism suppresses inflammatory glial responses and alters cellular signaling in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Schartz Nicole D. , Liang Heidi Y. , Carvalho Klebea , Chu Shu-Hui , Mendoza-Arvilla Adrian , Petrisko Tiffany J. , Gomez-Arboledas Angela , Mortazavi Ali , Tenner Andrea J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, and the need for effective, sustainable therapeutic targets is imperative. The complement pathway has been proposed as a therapeutic target. C5aR1 inhibition reduces plaque load, gliosis, and memory deficits in animal models, however, the cellular bases underlying this neuroprotection were unclear. Here, we show that the C5aR1 antagonist PMX205 improves outcomes in the Arctic48 mouse model of AD. A combination of single cell and single nucleus RNA-seq analysis of hippocampi derived from males and females identified neurotoxic disease-associated microglia clusters in Arctic mice that are C5aR1-dependent, while microglial genes associated with synapse organization and transmission and learning were overrepresented in PMX205-treated mice. PMX205 also reduced neurotoxic astrocyte gene expression, but clusters associated with protective responses to injury were unchanged. C5aR1 inhibition promoted mRNA-predicted signaling pathways between brain cell types associated with cell growth and repair, while suppressing inflammatory pathways. Finally, although hippocampal plaque load was unaffected, PMX205 prevented deficits in short-term memory in female Arctic mice. In conclusion, C5aR1 inhibition prevents cognitive loss, limits detrimental glial polarization while permitting neuroprotective responses, as well as leaving most protective functions of complement intact, making C5aR1 antagonism an attractive therapeutic strategy for AD.