bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes education: a global perspective
Authors: Chaney David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDiabetes education has been acknowledged as the cornerstone of good diabetes care and management. Although evidence to support the need for diabetes education has grown in recent years, many people with diabetes remain unable to access or choose not to attend diabetes education for a variety of reasons. In order to improve the likelihood of success, diabetes education needs to be adequately resourced and tailored to meet the needs of specific populations. This paper seeks to offer a global perspective on the current status of diabetes education. Insight is provided into recent evidence suggesting poor integration of diabetes education across the globe. Finally, issues such as the need to tailor education and increase international collaboration are addressed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Can laboratory based research regarding type 1 diabetes and exercise be applied into the real‐life environment?
Authors: Charlton Jacqui , Kilbride Lynn , MacLean Rory , Darlison Mark G , McKnight John 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether results from laboratory based research examining glycaemic control during and after exercise can be applied to a real‐life (non‐laboratory) environment.A comparative study of individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 9) using basal bolus analogue insulin regimens was undertaken. Glycaemic control before and after two 40‐minute runs at 70% VO2 max, in both laboratory and real‐life environments, was measured across 10 time‐points during and up to 12 hours after exercise. Insulin was adjusted in all participants following a self‐management algorithm.Pooled mean glucose concentrations at each time‐point were compared. There was no statistically significant difference (F[1, 8] = 1.489, p = 0.257) in overall mean glucose concentrations between environments. Similarly, the exercise environment or time‐point of measurement had no statistically significant effect on mean glucose concentration (F[9, 72] = 0.499, p = 0.871). However, during exercise, episodes of both hypoglycaemia (<4.0 mmol/L) and hyperglycaemia (>9.0 mmol/L) were more frequent in the laboratory environment than in the real‐life environment: 5 vs 1 and 25 vs 19 episodes, respectively; the frequency of acceptable concentrations (4.0–9.0 mmol/L) was greater in the real‐life environment (24 vs 34). In the 8–12 hours after exercise, hypoglycaemia occurred more frequently in the real‐life environment (3 vs 8) with hyperglycaemia occurring more frequently in the laboratory environment (22 vs 14); again, there were slightly increased acceptable concentrations in the real‐life environment (29 vs 33).The exercise environment does not appear to affect overall mean blood glucose concentrations. However, it may affect the timing and frequency of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Properly reading the histone code by MS‐based proteomics
Authors: Sidoli Simone , Garcia Benjamin A. 
Published: July 2015

Histone proteins are essential elements for DNA packaging. Their PTMs contribute in modeling chromatin structure and recruiting enzymes involved in gene regulation, DNA repair, and chromosome condensation. This fundamental aspect, together with the fact that histone PTMs can be epigenetically inherited through cell generations, enlightens their importance in chromatin biology, and the consequent necessity of having biochemical techniques for their characterization. Nanoflow LC coupled to MS (nanoLC‐MS) is the strategy of choice for protein PTM accurate quantification. However, histones require adjustments to the digestion protocol such as lysine derivatization to obtain suitable peptides for the analysis. nanoLC‐MS has numerous advantages, spanning from high confidence identification to possibility of high throughput analyses, but the peculiarity of the histone preparation protocol requires continuous monitoring with the most modern available technologies to question its reliability. The work of Meert et al. (Proteomics 2015, 15, 2966–2971) establishes which protocols lead to either incomplete derivatization or derivatization of undesired amino acid residues using a combination of high resolution MS and bioinformatics tools for the alignment and the characterization of nanoLC‐MS runs. As well, they identify a number of side reactions that could be potentially misinterpreted as biological PTMs.
Free radical polymerization of caffeine‐containing methacrylate monomers
Authors: Nelson Ashley M. , Hemp Sean T. , Chau Jessica , Long Timothy E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of acrylic functionality into caffeine enables the preparation of a vast array of novel thermoplastics and thermosets. A two‐step derivatization provided a novel caffeine‐containing methacrylate monomer capable of free radical polymerization. Copolymers of 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate and caffeine methacrylate (CMA) allowed for a systematic study of the effect of covalently bound caffeine on polymer properties. 1H NMR and UV‐vis spectroscopy confirmed caffeine incorporation at 5 and 13 mol %, and SEC revealed the formation of high molecular weight (co)polymers (>40,000 g/mol). CMA incorporation resulted in a multistep degradation profile with initial mass loss closely correlating to caffeine content. Differential scanning calorimetry, rheological, and thermomechanical analysis demonstrated that relatively low levels of CMA increased the glass transition temperature, resulting in higher moduli and elucidating the benefits of incorporating caffeine into polymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2829–2837
High refractive index materials: A structural property comparison of sulfide‐ and sulfoxide‐containing polyamides
Authors: Javadi Ali , Abouzari‐Lotf Ebrahim , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram , Zakeri Masoumeh , Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud , Ahmad Arshad , Ripin Adnan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTHigh‐refractive‐index polyamides (PAs) are developed by incorporation of sulfide‐ or sulfoxide linkages and chlorine substituents. The PAs are synthesized through the polycondensation of two novel diamine monomers, 2,2′‐sulfide‐bis(4‐chloro‐1‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl ether (3a) and 2,2′‐sulfoxide‐bis(4‐chloro‐1‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl ether (3b), with various aromatic diacids (a–e). The ortho‐sulfide or sulfoxide units, pendant chlorine groups, and flexible ether linkages in the diamine monomers endowed the obtained PAs with excellent solubilities in organic solvents. The resulting PAs showed high thermal stability, with 10% weight loss temperatures exceeding 415 °C under nitrogen and 399 °C in air atmosphere. The combination of chlorine substituents, sulfide or sulfoxide linkages, and ortho‐catenated structures provided polymers with high transparency along with high refractive index values of up to 1.7401 at 632.8 nm and low birefringences (<0.0075). The structure–property relationships of the analogous PAs containing sulfide or sulfoxide linkages were also studied in detail by comparing the results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2867–2877
Fabric‐hydrogel composite membranes for culturing microalgae in semipermeable membrane‐based photobioreactors
Authors: Lee Seung‐Yong , Kim Z‐Hun , Oh Hwa Yeon , Choi Younghoon , Park Hanwool , Jung Daewoo , Kim Jong‐Min , Na Yang Ho , Lim Sang‐Min , Lee Choul‐Gyun , Lee Jin‐Kyun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we demonstrate that hydrogel‐based composite membranes are used as semipermeable materials for the construction of photobioreactors (PBRs). PBRs are developed to culture microalgae using nutrients dissolved in seawater, and thus they need to be fabricated with membranes possessing sufficient material‐transport properties. While hydrogels are characterized by their highly swelling nature in water and therefore have desirable transport of dissolved matter, they lack the mechanical strength to be cast into thin structures of large surface area. This issue motivated us to design a new concept, i.e., fabric‐hydrogel composite membranes (FHCMs). A cotton fabric inside the hydrogel matrix endows the composite with tensile strength, which enables casting of FHCMs into thin membranes. Several FHCMs were prepared with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), cross‐linking poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and a sheet of gauze by controlling the composition of the monomers and water. In the permeability measurement of nitrate ions, a key ingredient for the growth of microalgae, the permeability coefficient reached as high as 1.2 x 10−8 m2 min−1, which is roughly three times higher than that of a commercially available semipermeable membrane (3.3 x 10−9 m2 min−1). In the following evaluation of microalgal culture, a PBR constructed with a FHCM was able to maintain sufficient
ion concentration and pH of the culture broth, supporting microalgal growth. These results suggest that the composite membranes with hydrogel and fabric have potential in the application of microalgal culture for bio‐diesel production in a marine environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 108–114
Influence of Drift Velocity and Distance Between Jet Particles on the Penetration Depth of Shaped Charges
Authors: Xiao Qiang‐Qiang , Huang Zheng‐Xiang , Zu Xu‐Dong , Jia Xin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe penetration depth of shaped charge jet into target is strongly affected by the stand‐off. The penetration process terminates even when the jet velocity is still high, and the penetration capability of jet particles degrades after jet breakup at a large stand‐off. This work presents an analytical model to describe the radial drift velocity and distance between jet particles, which leads to decreased penetration depth. The results show that jet particles with low drift velocity impact the crater wall easily. Furthermore, the jet particles cannot reach the crater bottom to increase depth because the crater diameter generated by the jet is quite small. Moreover, the distances between jet particles also play an important role in penetration depth under the influences of strain hardening of target, as well as tumbling and dispersion of jet particles. The radial drift velocity and distance between jet particles are investigated by applying the model to non‐precision charge and precision charge penetrations into target at different stand‐offs. The cutoff jet velocity and cutoff penetration velocity also are determined based on the analytical model. With increased stand‐off, the cutoff jet velocity increases, and the cutoff penetration velocity is almost constant. This result is proven by a number of experiments. The stand‐off curves of two charges are also calculated, and results are in good agreement with experiments. The stand‐off curve can be determined with only two or three experiments using the proposed method. Notably, jet particles should have a slow drift velocity and great penetration capability after breakup for suitable shaped charge.
9.4: Stretchable 45 × 80 RGB LED Display Using Meander Wiring Technology
Authors: Ohmae Hideki , Tomita Yoshihiro , Kasahara Mitsuhiro , Schram Jeroen , Smits Edsger , van den Brand Jeroen , Bossuyt Frederick , Vanfleteren Jan , De Baets Johan 
Published: July 2015

We present a str	etchable and foldable passive matrix driven display using 45 by 80 RGB LED's mounted on a meandering printed circuitry embedded in a polyurethane film. The meander interconnections have been optimized with respect to their electrical and mechanical properties to provide a display with a 3 mm pitch between the pixels and a stretchability of up to 10%. At an operating supply voltage of 5 V, the brightness of the display exceeds 30 cd/m2.
Pioneering Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling Strategy of Aromatic Compounds Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Kita Yasuyuki , Dohi Toshifumi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe started our hypervalent iodine research about 30 years ago in the mid‐1980s. We soon successfully developed the single‐electron‐transfer oxidation ability of a hypervalent iodine reagent, specifically, phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), toward aromatic rings of phenyl ethers for forming aromatic cation radicals. This was one of the exciting and unexpected events in our research studies so far, and the discovery was reported in 1991. It also led to the next challenge, developing the metal‐free oxidative couplings for C–H functionalizations and direct couplings between the C–H bonds of valuable aromatic compounds in organic synthesis. In order to realize the effective oxidative coupling, pioneering new aromatic ring activations was essential and several useful methodologies have been found for oxidizable arenes. The achievements regarding this objective obtained in our continuous research are herein summarized with classification of the aromatic ring activation strategies.
Functional Language Instruction and the Writing Growth of English Language Learners in the Middle Years
Authors: Humphrey Sally , Macnaught Lucy 
Published: July 2015

In this article the authors report on the use of a scaffolding pedagogy (Gibbons, 2009), informed by systemic functional linguistics, to support the writing of English language learners in middle years curriculum learning. They focus on the work of one teacher and her English class across the first 18 months of a longitudinal design‐based literacy research project, Embedding Literacies in the Key Learning Areas (ELK). This 3‐year project was conducted in an Australian urban secondary school with 97.5% of students from language backgrounds other than English. A core aspect of the pedagogy implemented through theELKproject is the use of a shared metalanguage to make visible the patterns of language valued for discipline learning. Analysis of instructional materials, classroom discourse, and data on students’ achievement on standardized external and formative internal assessments of writing over 18 months indicates that growth in writing is related to pedagogical practices that include consistent use of a functional metalanguage in classroom modeling of exemplar texts and in feedback on students’ writing.
Traumatic lateral abdominal wall hematoma treated with Kampo medicines
Authors: Nakae Hajime , Okuyama Manabu , Igarashi Toshiko 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCaseA 62‐year‐old woman presented with whiplash, bruised chest, and lateral abdominal wall hematoma with an arterial rupture. Keishibukuryogan (KBG), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, was administered for treatment of oketsu syndrome. Five days after the injury, cervical and chest pain were still present, and the subcutaneous hematoma had increased tremendously in size. KBG was discontinued and jidabokuippo (JDI) was administered. The subcutaneous hematoma improved dramatically.OutcomeSymptoms improved after treatment with JDI.Conclusion
JDI can be used for the management of pain and swelling following abdominal wall hematoma as an alternative to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Factors contributing to tiger losses in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Singh Randeep , Krausman Paul R. , Goyal Surendra Prakash , Chauhan Netrapal Singh 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIncreasing habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of anthropogenic influences have been implicated as a major cause in declining wildlife populations. To mitigate the anthropogenic impacts, many countries have developed large reserves to protect important habitats. However, for large carnivores, such as the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), reserves may not mitigate human‐caused mortality. We monitored a tiger population using cameras and intensive searches from 2005 to 2013 to evaluate the factors causing losses of tigers in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India. The tiger population in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve is an important source population and genetic pool in the western‐most distribution of tigers in India. Fourteen tigers died during the study period: 5 from human‐induced caused and 9 from other causes (natural, depredation hunts, and dispersal). We could not determine the fate of an additional 8 tigers. Continuous monitoring of tiger populations is required, to monitor the factors causing mortality and losses of individuals. Our results offer baseline information on tiger losses in the landscape, which can be used to assist future management and conservation strategies for tigers. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Correlation Between the Great East Japan Earthquake and Postpartum Depression: A Study in Miyako, Iwate, Japan
Authors: Nishigori Hidekazu , Sasaki Michiho , Obara Taku , Nishigori Toshie , Ishikuro Mami , Metoki Hirohito , Sugawara Junichi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Hosoyachi Akira , Yaegashi Nobuo , Kobayashi Takashi , Yoshizumi Noboru 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the correlation between the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and postpartum depression among perinatal subjects in the Miyako region of Iwate, an area damaged by earthquakes and tsunamis.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the percentages of women with scores ≥9 on the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) among 3 groups of women who gave birth prior to the disaster (before-disaster group: n=141), within 3 months after the disaster (within-3-months group: n=70), and 4-6 months after the disaster (4-6-months group: n=89) at the Iwate Prefectural Miyako Hospital. The risk factors for EPDS scores ≥9 were estimated with multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsCompared with the before-disaster group, a significantly greater number of women in the within-3-months group had EPDS scores ≥9 at hospital discharge (31.4% versus 9.9%, P<.0001), whereas women in the 4-6-months group did not (10.1% versus 9.9%, P=.96). In both the after-disaster groups, the destruction of their home (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-9.26) and dissatisfaction with their living conditions (AOR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.20-7.59) were significantly associated with EPDS scores ≥9.ConclusionsAn increase in postpartum depression was observed after the Great East Japan Earthquake among perinatal women. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:307-312)
Dietary patterns for meals of Brazilian adults
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Roberta , Fisberg Regina Mara , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Troncoso Baltar Valéria 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe use of dietary patterns (DP) in nutritional research is well established; however, only a few studies of DP according to specific meals have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify the DP regarding breakfast, lunch and dinner meals of the population (aged 20 years and older of both sexes) that participated in the Health Care Survey of Sao Paulo. Food intake was estimated by using the Multiple Source Method – considering two 24- h dietary recalls. On the basis of the food groups for each meal, a factor analysis, with a principal component estimation, was applied (varimax rotation) in order to derive the DP. Prevalences of meal skipping were 5·6 % for breakfast, 3·6 % for lunch and 12·8 % for dinner. The findings revealed three breakfast DP: healthy, traditional and snack; five lunch DP: traditional, salad, sweetened juice, Western and meats; and four dinner DP: coffee with milk and bread, transitional, traditional, and soup and fruits. The results of this study indicate that the DP identified in accordance with the meal nicely discriminates food intake, emphasising peculiarities that are not found in global analyses and might support dietary advice.
Institutionalizing Informality: The hawkers’ question in post-colonial Calcutta
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY RITAJYOTI 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe history of mass political formation in post-colonial metropolitan India has generally been narrated through the optic of ‘competitive electoral mobilization’ of the ‘poor’. How then are we to explain cases of successful mobilization in the terrain of ‘political society’ when some population groups are yet to, or just beginning to, constitute themselves as ‘vote bank’ communities? This article invites us to look into the organizational dimensions of subaltern politics in contemporary urban India. It also prompts us to re-examine the relation between law and subaltern politics. In this light, the article presents some of the major findings of a larger historical anthropology project on the organized mobilization of footpath hawkers in Calcutta since the 1970s. It examines the ways in which the hawkers have acquired and aggregated crucial resources to sustain prolonged anti-eviction movements. In this connection, this article makes a critique of the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014.
Deep and high-resolution three-dimensional tracking of single particles using nonlinear and multiplexed illumination
Authors: Perillo Evan P. , Liu Yen-Liang , Huynh Khang , Liu Cong , Chou Chao-Kai , Hung Mien-Chie , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Dunn Andrew K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMolecular trafficking within cells, tissues and engineered three-dimensional multicellular models is critical to the understanding of the development and treatment of various diseases including cancer. However, current tracking methods are either confined to two dimensions or limited to an interrogation depth of ∼15 μm. Here we present a three-dimensional tracking method capable of quantifying rapid molecular transport dynamics in highly scattering environments at depths up to 200 μm. The system has a response time of 1 ms with a temporal resolution down to 50 μs in high signal-to-noise conditions, and a spatial localization precision as good as 35 nm. Built on spatiotemporally multiplexed two-photon excitation, this approach requires only one detector for three-dimensional particle tracking and allows for two-photon, multicolour imaging. Here we demonstrate three-dimensional tracking of epidermal growth factor receptor complexes at a depth of ∼100 μm in tumour spheroids.
GABA signalling modulates plant growth by directly regulating the activity of plant-specific anion transporters
Authors: Ramesh Sunita A. , Tyerman Stephen D. , Xu Bo , Bose Jayakumar , Kaur Satwinder , Conn Vanessa , Domingos Patricia , Ullah Sana , Wege Stefanie , Shabala Sergey , Feijó José A. , Ryan Peter R. , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe non-protein amino acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) rapidly accumulates in plant tissues in response to biotic and abiotic stress, and regulates plant growth. Until now it was not known whether GABA exerts its effects in plants through the regulation of carbon metabolism or via an unidentified signalling pathway. Here, we demonstrate that anion flux through plant aluminium-activated malate transporter (ALMT) proteins is activated by anions and negatively regulated by GABA. Site-directed mutagenesis of selected amino acids within ALMT proteins abolishes GABA efficacy but does not alter other transport properties. GABA modulation of ALMT activity results in altered root growth and altered root tolerance to alkaline pH, acid pH and aluminium ions. We propose that GABA exerts its multiple physiological effects in plants via ALMT, including the regulation of pollen tube and root growth, and that GABA can finally be considered a legitimate signalling molecule in both the plant and animal kingdoms.