bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LBNP exposure - as perspective countermeasure for Moon missions
Authors: Fomina Elena , Romanov Pavel , Burakova Anna , Ganicheva Anna , Senatorova Natalia , Bakhtereva Vera , Kokueva Maria , Alferova Irina , Shushunova Tatiana , Grishin Alexey , Vasin Alexandr , Polyakov Alexey , Yarmanova Zhana , Lemeshko Yegor , Vasilevskaya Marina , Kharlamov Maksim , Orlov Oleg 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

According to the existing scenarios of interplanetary missions, the Moon is considered as an intermediate base on the way to deep space. The paper presents the results of a pilot study performed during a short-term space flight. A new experience of using countermeasure impacts of lower body negative pressure at the early stages of adaptation to microgravity conditions has been gained. Preparation for extravehicular activity on the Moon's surface requires milder LBNP effects in comparison with preparation for return to Earth. Regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system proved to be quite effective when creating decompression up to -20 mm Hg. For the first time the dynamics of motor control system readaptation, verticalization strategy and success of dual task solution from the first to the third day after the short-term space flight is described. Unique data on rearrangements of gravity-dependent physiological systems in short-term flight have been obtained. Assessment of the state of gravity-dependent physiological systems after short-term flight indicates the decrease of functional reserves of the organism and the necessity to develop appropriate countermeasures. The study was one of the first steps in the development of new medical control operations at the stage of paradigm shift from orbital flights to deep space exploration.
Effect of ultrasound-guided individualized Positive end-expiratory pressure on the severity of postoperative atelectasis in elderly patients: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Ma Junyang , Sun Meiqi , Song Fengxiang , wang Aiqi , Tian Xiaoxia , Wu Yanan , Wang Lu , Zhao Qian , Liu Bin , Wang Shengfu , Qiu Yuxue , Hou Haitao , Deng Liqin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The mortality rate of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in general anesthesia patients can reach up to 20%. Our research hypothesis is that ultrasound-guided individualized PEEP titration can reduce the risk of PPCs.
Methods
This single-center randomized controlled trial. Eighty-nine patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer were enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly assigned to two group: the study group (individualized PEEP groups, PEEP Ind group) and the control group (Fixed PEEP group, PEEP 5 group). All patients in these two groups received volume-controlled ventilation during general anesthesia. Patients in the study group were given ultrasound-guided PEEP, while those in the control group were given a fixed 5 cmH2O PEEP. Bedside ultrasound assessed lung ventilation. The primary outcome was PPC incidence within seven days post-surgery.
Results
Lung ultrasound scores (LUSs) in the study group during postoperative seven days was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). The severity of postoperative atelectasis in the study group was significantly improved. The incidence of PPCs during postoperative seven days in the study group was significantly less than that in the control group (48.6% vs. 77.8%; RR = 0.625; CI = 0.430–0.909; P = 0.01).
Conclusions
Non-obese elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection by lung ultrasound-guided individualized PEEP can alleviate the severity of postoperative atelectasis.
Detection of poplar leaf rust using UAV multispectral imaging
Authors: Jia Zhicheng , Wang Yue , Tian Yuchan , Xie Ziren , Wang Chenjie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Timely and accurate detection of leaf rust helps scientists to make better control deci-sions for poplar. Use of Machine Learning (ML) methods for analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehi-cle (UAV)-based multispectral data can improve the detection accuracy. In this paper, using poplar trees as the research object, a six-rotor UAV with a multispectral camera was used to ac-quire 5-band spectral images, analyze the canopy images of asymptomatic and diseased poplar trees and calculate 25 common vegetation indices. Firstly, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms were used to select the first 5 classification vegetation indices of asymptomatic and low, asymptomatic and moderate, asymptomatic and severe infection, multi-class, then the detection models based on Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Trees (DTs), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF) algorithms were estab-lished. Based on the analysis of the detection accuracy and the reliability of models, for the bina-ry classification, the MLP model had the highest overall accuracy (OA=95%) and the highest value of Area Under the Curve (AUC=1.0), for the multi-class classification, the Naive Bayes (NB) model based on the RF selected binary classification VIs set had highest overall accuracy (OA=100%) and the highest F1-score (F1-score=1.0). The optimal classification vegetation indices for different disease levels were analyzed. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of rapid and accurate detection of poplar leaf rust by UAV multispectral imaging technology, which can pro-vide timely and accurate detection of different disease levels, improve the efficiency of field management and disease control.
Trophic ecologies and dietary niches of Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and three coastal forage fishes in Frobisher Bay, Nunavut
Authors: Rauf Sarah , Ehrman Ashley , Lewis Christopher , Martin Zoya , Tallman Ross , Niemi Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Here, the trophic ecology of four mid-trophic level fishes is described for an Arctic coastal marine habitat near Iqaluit, Nunavut during a time of coastal change. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), Fish Doctor (Gymnelus viridis), and sculpins (Cottidae) diet and feeding strategies were estimated using gut content, dietary niches were compared using stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N), and relationships between diet indices and metrics of fish condition, including calorie content, were assessed. While the four taxa differed in foraging strategy, targeted prey, and the strength of associations with benthic and pelagic food web pathways, niche overlap occurred among the benthic and pelagic taxa. Pelagic Arctic charr and Arctic cod specialized in hyperbenthic amphipods and copepods respectively, with evidence that selectivity was flexible. Fish Doctor and sculpins were benthic generalists with evidence for inter-individual and population-level specialization. Arctic Charr occupied a central isotopic niche, resulting in a high probability of dietary niche overlap with the other three taxa. Fish Doctor and sculpins were likely to overlap with each other, and both had a low probability of overlap with Arctic Cod. Isotopic diet indicators did not significantly explain variation in fish condition or calorie content. Consequently, multiple indicators are required to understand forage fish responses to food-web alterations driven by coastal change. These findings may be useful to assess future change in this coastal community.
What can the 2001, 2011 and 2021 UK censuses tell us about health inequalities among young people? A cross-sectional study using censuses from England, Wales, and Scotland
Authors: Metsis Katrin , Inchley Joanna , Williams Andrew James , Sullivan Frank 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Health inequalities are avoidable and unjust differences in people’s health across population groups. The WHO has estimated that up to 70% of premature deaths among adults are related to behaviours initiated in adolescence. However, evidence on health inequalities among adolescents is scarce compared to that among adults and younger children. This study examined the association between self-rated health and a family’s socioeconomic position in young people (10-24-year-olds).
Methods
The outcome variable is the single question of self-reported general health. The study population included young people aged 10 to 24 years. We analysed 2001, 2011 and 2021 census microdata from England and Wales and 2001 and 2011 data from Scotland. We used descriptive methods to determine differences in general health status by sociodemographic variables and logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds of reporting poor health according to the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification of the family reference person. Logistic regression models controlled for the effects of age, gender, household deprivation, and UK region.
Results
Compared to young people from the households where the reference person belonged to the managerial or professional occupational group, all other groups except those self-employed in 2001 had greater odds of reporting poor health. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The odds were highest among young people from households where the reference person had never worked or was long-term unemployed: 2.7 times in 2001, 3.1 times in 2011 and 3.6 times in 2021. The odds of reporting poor health increased with age and were greater among girls than among boys. Young people from households that were deprived in the dimensions of education or housing had greater odds of reporting poor health than did those from nondeprived groups.
Conclusions
Health inequalities in the self-reported health of 10–24-year-olds can be observed using UK census data. We observed a similar social gradient of self-reported poor health across the 2001, 2011 and 2021 datasets; as disadvantage increased, the share of young people with fair or poor health increased.
RIRS with FV-UAS vs. ESWL for the management of 1–2-cm lower pole renal calculi in obese patients: a prospective study
Authors: Zhang Si-cong , Wang Qing , Wu Jie , Li Yun-Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) combined with fexible vacuum-assisted ureteral access sheath (FV-UAS) versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the management of 1–2 cm lower pole renal calculi (LPC) in obese patients.
Patients and methods
This prospective, randomized study included 149 obese patients with 1-2 cm LPC. Patients were allocated into two groups: 76 patients underwent RIRS with FV-UAS, and 73 patients received ESWL.The parameters assessed included stone-free rate (SFR), retreatment rate, complications, operative time, and pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).Stone-free status was defined as the absence of stones on computed tomography or residual fragments smaller than 4 mm at 4 weeks post-procedure.
Results
The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable.The SFR was significantly higher in the RIRS group, reaching 86.8%, compared to 63.0% in the ESWL group (P = 0.034). Furthermore, the retreatment rate was significantly lower in the RIRS group, at 5.2%, versus 24.7% in the ESWL group (P < 0.001). The average operative time for RIRS was notably longer, at 65.3 ± 6.4 minutes, compared to 25.3 ± 7.8 minutes for ESWL (P < 0.001). The complication rates were 9.2% for the RIRS group and 6.8% for the ESWL group, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.326). All complications were classified as Grade I or II according to the modified Clavien classification system. No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding pain VAS scores and the composition of the stones.
Conclusions
RIRS with FV-UAS demonstrated superior efficacy, evidenced by a higher SFR and reduced retreatment rates compared to ESWL, despite a longer operative duration. Both treatment modalities showed comparable safety profiles. RIRS with FV-UAS emerges as a viable, effective, and reproducible intervention for managing 1-2 cm LPC in obese patients, providing significant clinical advantages.
WITHDRAWN: Differential Identification of Childhood Overweight and Obesity Based on Bioimpedance Analysis of Body Composition
Authors: zhong qiong , zhou zhangming , zhai lei , yang jun , deng lan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study introduces a novel diagnostic algorithm utilizing bioimpedance analysis to comprehensively evaluate children's body composition, assessing body fat mass, muscle mass, and fat distribution.
Materials and Methods: Bioelectrical impedance measurements were conducted using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (DongHWA DBA-510, China). Metrics including body weight, BMI, body fat mass, muscle mass, protein content, and waist-to-hip ratio were evaluated. The proposed algorithm was applied to a sample of 1826 children aged 6 to 10, enhancing the classification based on BMI. A comparison was made between BMI-based groupings and those based on BF% and MU.
Results: The algorithm consists of three steps, categorizing children according to BMI, body fat mass, and central fat distribution. Notably, it reveals prognostically unfavorable body types, such as sarcopenic obesity with central fat distribution, highlighting potential health risks. The current BMI-centered diagnostics might misclassify cardiometabolic risks, making early detection challenging. The introduced fat distribution characteristic, the WHR index, offers a practical method for determining children's body types.
Conclusion: This integrated algorithm provides an alternative to BMI-based classification, enabling early detection of obesity and associated risks. Further validation through large-scale epidemiological studies is crucial for establishing correlations between body types and cardiometabolic risks, thereby promoting a more nuanced and personalized approach to pediatric obesity management.
Impact Statement: BMI is still used as a diagnostic tool for childhood obesity and overweight. This study introduces a body composition analyzer and explores new calculation methods to make a new attempt at diagnosing childhood obesity.
Leveraging Inter-Connected Remote Teleradiology Platform to Optimize Radiologist Utilization and Enhance Healthcare Outcomes in India
Authors: Raheja Rohit , Pani Pranab Kumar , Bhattacharya Arindam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

India's healthcare system faces a critical shortage of radiologists, with only 1.3 to 1.5 per million people, significantly lower than the ratios in developed countries. This shortage is exacerbated by India's vast population of approximately 1.42 billion, with an estimated 1.5 million radiological scans conducted daily, primarily in urban centers. Consequently, this concentration of services leads to considerable diagnostic delays in rural and underserved areas. This paper proposes implementing an interconnected remote teleradiology platform as a strategic solution to distribute the workload of radiologists more equitably across states, thereby enhancing the timeliness and accuracy of diagnostics. Teleradiology, which enables the remote reading of radiological images by specialists, could significantly improve the efficiency of diagnostic processes and facilitate quicker clinical decision-making. This study presents a scalable model for a state-level inter-connected remote teleradiology platform, outlining its potential to improve health outcomes by overcoming geographical, physical, and infrastructural barriers. The paper also discusses the necessary technological, regulatory, and educational frameworks to support such an initiative and addresses challenges such as data security and the need for robust infrastructure. Additionally, the paper includes a high-level diagrammatic model of the proposed interconnected remote teleradiology platform at the state level, emphasizing its potential advantages.
Optimizing Jojoba Oil Methanolysis and Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Potential of cis-13-Docosenol Fatty Alcohol: A Circular Biorefinery Perspective
Authors: Mendoza Laura , Sánchez Marcos , Marchetti Jorge Mario , Montoya María 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

To ensure the sustainability of Jojoba oil production, research and development must prioritize the adoption of environmentally friendly extraction processes. Firstly, optimal conditions for extracting Jojoba oil were predicted marking a significant step towards realizing its economic potential. Molar ratio, temperature and catalysts concentration were taken into consideration to achieve optimal production. Secondly, interactions of cis-13-docosenol (C13D), a key component of Jojoba oil, with innate immune cells were analysed. By meticulously examining the interactions between C13D and critical elements of the innate immune system, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC), we aim to uncover the immunomodulatory properties of this compound. In experiments with THP-1 cells and DC, low doses of C13D were found to elevate pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β to levels comparable to those induced by LPS. Furthermore, modulation of T cell stimulation by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) previously treated with C13D resulted in increased T cell proliferation, likely due to the enhanced activation of surface markers. This detailed exploration into the effects of C13D on innate immune cells not only deepens our understanding of Jojoba oil's therapeutic potential but also establishes a foundation for future advancements in immunology and biotechnology.
Depression as a mediator in diabetes-related cardiovascular disease and mortality: a multi-dimension analysis from NHANES
Authors: Ma Biao , Deng Xiaoqi , He Jie , Jiao Lan , Fu Yufan , Liu Dichuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and depression exhibit intricate connections. This study investigates depression's mediating effect in the relationship between DM and CVD progression, as well as mortality.
MethodsUtilizing data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we employed multi-variable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to assess DM's association with CVD and mortality. Sobel tests were conducted to analyze depression's mediation in the diabetes-CVD and mortality link, with subgroup analyses examining heterogeneity in mediation effects.
Results DM elevates CVD and mortality risks. Depression significantly mediates the association between DM and heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality (indirect effect p-values<0.05), contributing 2.96%, 2.27%, 5.19%, 6.43%, and 8.37%, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed stronger mediation in older and female populations for diabetes-induced CVD risk, while this effect was reduced among Non-Hispanic Asians and other racial.
ConclusionThis study reinforces DM's significant association with CVD and mortality, highlighting depression's pivotal mediation role, which varies by gender, age, and race. These findings underscore the importance of considering demographic and ethnic disparities in managing depression to mitigate CVD risk among DM patients.
Health action process approach, the effect of a model exercise intervention on muscle strength and somatic function in patients with sarcopenic gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Tong Li , Weihong Zhang , Wei Zhang , Hongli Yang , Dan Yang , Fengmei Xing , Changyou Wang , Jie Cheng , Guimei Jiao , Xueyou Chang , Xiaoguang Wang , Xinhong Xue , Na Zhu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effects of an exercise intervention based on a healthy action process orientation model (Health Action Process Approach, [HAPA]) on muscle strength and body function in middle-aged and elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
Methods: A control group (52 patients) and an intervention group (52 patients) from the North China University of Science and Technology were selected. The control group received routine perioperative exercise instructions, whereas the intervention group received a perioperative exercise regimen for middle-aged and elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor sarcopenia based on the HAPA. Differences in muscle strength and somatic function were compared between the two groups.
Results: Fifty-two patients in the control group and 50 in the intervention group completed the study. No significant difference was observed between grip strength in the intervention group and time or interaction effects (P<0.05). Body function score (short physical performance battery) was not significantly different between groups, but the time effect was significant (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the psoas muscle index before (P>0.05) and after the intervention (P<0.001) in the control group.
Conclusion: A perioperative exercise regimen based on the HAPA model could increase muscle strength and body function in middle-aged and elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors and delay the progression of sarcopenia.
Spray-Induced Gene Silencing against Rice Blast Disease Targeting Dicer-like Protein 2 (DCL2) of Pyricularia oryzae
Authors: Pushpanjie Kalupahana , Hong Lau Wei , Saad Norsazilawati Saad , Jin Hailing , Wong Mui-Yun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rice blast is a devastating disease, caused by the fungal pathogen, Pyricularia oryzae. RNA interference (RNAi) is a novel crop protection method that could control rice blast disease. In this study, dsRNA (PyDCL2–863 bp) was synthesized for silencing of DCL2 transcript of P. oryzae and its efficacy was evaluated. Using slide culture method, P. oryzae mycelial growth was evaluated under different concentrations of PyDCL2-dsRNA molecules i.e. from 0.1 to 10 ng/µl. After 24 hours of incubation, microscopic observations showed abnormal growth with high hyphae branching and vesicle formation in P. oryzae of 10 ng/µl dsRNA-treated slide culture. Disease severity caused by P. oryzae on rice leaves was compared using the detached leaf method with different PyDCL2-dsRNA concentrations, i.e. from 0.1 to 10 ng/µl. It was found that a 10 ng/µl concentration of dsRNA molecules reduced rice blast disease severity by up to 13%. Under glasshouse conditions, PyDCL2-dsRNA was sprayed at 10 ng/µl concentration on rice plants at three-week-old seedlings and disease reduction of rice blast disease was 35.11% six days after dsRNA application compared to unsprayed control. In glasshouse trial, the dsRNA solution with 10 ng/µl concentration was able to perform gene silencing on DCL2 in P. oryzae until 3 days after application. These findings showed a potential for PyDCL2-dsRNA to be developed as a new biofungicide using RNAi-mediated approach for a sustainable disease management of rice blast.