bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community structure of gut fungi during different developmental stages of the Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandi)
Authors: Hu Xia , Li Ming , Chen Hui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Chinese white pine beetle is arguably the most destructive forest insect in the Qinling Mountains in Northern China. Little is known about the structure of the fungal communities associated withDendroctonusarmandi, even though this wood-boring insect plays important roles in ecosystem and biological invasion processes that result in huge economic losses in pine forests. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal community structure present in the galleries and guts ofD. armandiat different developmental stages using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Analysis of PCR-amplified 18S rRNA gene fragments of fungi from the guts ofD.armandirevealed fungal communities of low complexity that differed according to the developmental stage. Yeast of the genusCandidaand the filamentous fungiOphiostomapredominated inD. armandiand its galleries. In particular,Candidaaccounted for 56% of the fungal community in the pupal stage. Characterizing the evolution and content of the intestinal microbial community structure inD. armandimay facilitate the development of new pest control strategies.
Transcriptional response to petiole heat girdling in cassava
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ding Zehong , Ma Fangfang , Chauhan Raj Deepika , Allen Doug K. , Brutnell Thomas P. , Wang Wenquan , Peng Ming , Li Pinghua 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTo examine the interactions of starch and sugar metabolism on photosynthesis in cassava, a heat-girdling treatment was applied to petioles of cassava leaves at the end of the light cycle to inhibit starch remobilization during the night. The inhibition of starch remobilization caused significant starch accumulation at the beginning of the light cycle, inhibited photosynthesis and affected intracellular sugar levels. RNA-seq analysis of heat-treated and control plants revealed significantly decreased expression of genes related to photosynthesis, as well as N-metabolism and chlorophyll biosynthesis. However, expression of genes encoding TCA cycle enzymes and mitochondria electron transport components and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway enzymes were induced. These studies reveal a dynamic transcriptional response to perturbation of sink demand in a single leaf and provide useful information for understanding the regulations of cassava under sink or source limitation.
Inexpensive Antimony Nanocrystals and Their Composites with Red Phosphorus as High-Performance Anode Materials for Na-ion Batteries
Authors: Walter Marc , Erni Rolf , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSodium-ion batteries increasingly become of immense research interest as a potential inexpensive alternative to Lithium-ion batteries. Development of high-energy-density negative electrodes (anodes) remains to be a great challenge, especially because of significant differences between lithium and sodium chemistries. Two Na-ion anode materials – antimony (Sb) and phosphorus (P) – have been recently shown to offer excellent cycling stability (Sb) and highest known Na-ion charge storage capacity (P). In this work we report on the synergistic Na-ion storage in a P/Sb/Cu-nanocomposite, produced by mixing inexpensive colloidal Sb nanocrystals with red P and with copper (Cu) nanowires. In comparison to electrodes composed of only phosphorus, such P/Sb/Cu-composite shows much greater cycling stability providing a capacity of above 1100 mAh g−1 after 50 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 125 mA g−1. Furthermore, P/Sb/Cu-composite also exhibits excellent rate-capability, with capacity of more than 900 mAh g−1 at a high charge/discharge current density of 2000 mA g−1.
Tape Transfer Atomization Patterning of Liquid Alloys for Microfluidic Stretchable Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Jeong Seung Hee , Hjort Klas , Wu Zhigang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStretchable electronics offers unsurpassed mechanical compliance on complex or soft surfaces like the human skin and organs. To fully exploit this great advantage, an autonomous system with a self-powered energy source has been sought for. Here, we present a new technology to pattern liquid alloys on soft substrates, targeting at fabrication of a hybrid-integrated power source in microfluidic stretchable electronics. By atomized spraying of a liquid alloy onto a soft surface with a tape transferred adhesive mask, a universal fabrication process is provided for high quality patterns of liquid conductors in a meter scale. With the developed multilayer fabrication technique, a microfluidic stretchable wireless power transfer device with an integrated LED was demonstrated, which could survive cycling between 0% and 25% strain over 1,000 times.
Association between levonorgestrel emergency contraception and the risk of ectopic pregnancy: a multicenter case-control study
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Cheng , Zhao Wei-Hong , Xi Xiaowei , Cao Shu-Jun , Ping Hua , Qin Guo-Juan , Cheng Linan , Huang He-Feng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCases of ectopic pregnancy (EP) following levonorgestrel emergency contraception (LNG-EC) failure have been reported continuously, but whether there is an association between EP risk and LNG-EC is unclear. We concluded a case-control study to explore this association by recruiting 2,411 EP patients as case group and 2,416 women with intrauterine pregnancy and 2,419 non-pregnant women as control groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidential intervals (CIs) were calculated and adjusted for potential confounding factors. Previous use of LNG-EC was not correlated with the EP. Compared to women who did not use contraceptives, current use of LNG-EC reduced the risk for intrauterine pregnancy (Adjusted OR [AOR] = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.14–0.27), but did not increase the risk for EP (AOR2 = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.76–1.42). Furthermore, compared to women who did not have further act of intercourse, women with unprotected further act of intercourse were at a higher risk of EP (AOR1 = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.17–4.71) and women with repeated use of LNG-EC for further intercourse during the same cycle was also associated with a higher risk for EP (AOR1 = 3.08, 95%CI: 1.09–8.71; AOR2 = 2.49, 95%CI: 1.00–6.19). A better understanding of the risk of EP following LNG-EC failure can optimize LNG-EC use and thus reduce the risk of EP.
The Auditory Comprehension of
Wh
-Questions in Aphasia: Support for the Intervener Hypothesis
Authors: Sheppard Shannon M. , Walenski Matthew , Love Tracy , Shapiro Lewis P. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose

This study examines 3 hypotheses about the processing of
wh
-questions in both neurologically healthy adults and adults with Broca's aphasia.

Method
We used an eye tracking while listening method with 32 unimpaired participants (Experiment 1) and 8 participants with Broca's aphasia (Experiment 2). Accuracy, response time, and online gaze data were collected.

Results

In Experiment 1, we established a baseline for how unimpaired processing and comprehension of 4 types of
wh-
question (subject- and object-extracted
who-
and
which-
questions) manifest. There was no unambiguous support found for any of the 3 hypotheses in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2 with the Broca's participants, however, we found significantly lower accuracy, slower response times, and increased interference in our gaze data in the object-extracted
which-
questions relative to the other conditions.

Conclusions
Our results provide support for the intervener hypothesis, which states that sentence constructions that contain an intervener (a lexical noun phrase) between a displaced noun phrase and its gap site result in a significant processing disadvantage relative to other constructions. We argue that this hypothesis offers a compelling explanation for the comprehension deficits seen in some participants with Broca's aphasia.
Cognitive Functions in Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Nijland Lian , Terband Hayo , Maassen Ben 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is diagnosed on the basis of specific speech characteristics, in the absence of problems in hearing, intelligence, and language comprehension. This does not preclude the possibility that children with this speech disorder might demonstrate additional problems.

Method
Cognitive functions were investigated in 3 domains: complex sensorimotor and sequential memory functions, simple sensorimotor functions, and nonrelated control functions. Seventeen children with CAS were compared with 17 children with normal speech development at 2 occasions within 15 months.

Results
The children with CAS showed overall lower scores but similar improvement at Occasion 2 compared with the typically developing controls, indicating an overall delay in the development of cognitive functions. However, a specific deviant development in sequential abilities was found as well, indicated by significantly lower scores at Occasion 2 as compared with younger control children at Occasion 1. Furthermore, the scores on the complex sensorimotor and sequential memory tasks were significantly correlated with the severity of the speech impairment.

Conclusions
These results suggest that CAS involves a symptom complex that not only comprises errors of sequencing speech movements but implicates comorbidity in nonverbal sequential functioning in most children with CAS.
Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort With Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships With Aerodynamics and Listener Perception
Authors: Lien Yu-An S. , Michener Carolyn M. , Eadie Tanya L. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
The acoustic measure relative fundamental frequency (RFF) was investigated as a potential objective measure to track variations in vocal effort within and across individuals.

Method
Twelve speakers with healthy voices created purposeful modulations in their vocal effort during speech tasks. RFF and an aerodynamic measure of vocal effort, the ratio of sound pressure level to subglottal pressure level, were estimated from the aerodynamic and acoustic signals. Twelve listeners also judged the speech samples for vocal effort using the visual sort and rate method.

Results

Relationships between RFF and both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort were weak across speakers (
R
2
= .06–.26). Within speakers, relationships were variable but much stronger on average (
R
2
= .45–.56).

Conclusions
RFF showed stronger relationships between both the aerodynamic and perceptual measures of vocal effort when examined within individuals versus across individuals. Future work is necessary to establish these relationships in individuals with voice disorders across the therapeutic process.
Epidemiology of tennis injuries: An eight‐year review of Davis Cup retirements
Authors: Maquirriain Javier , Baglione Roberto 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTennis practice, especially at elite levels, may place players at risk for debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological pattern of retirements due to medical conditions sustained by tennis players during Davis Cup matches in the 2006–2013 period. All uncompleted matches due to a medical condition (injuries and illnesses) occurred in the above‐mentioned competition were collected from the official source, registered and analysed according to published guidelines. The overall incidence of match retirements was 1.66% (12/719). The injury rate was 6.05/1000 playing hours; and 6.64/1000 match exposures. Musculotendinous lesions were the most common type of injury (66.66%). The incidence of lower‐limb injuries was higher than upper‐limb and trunk lesions. The incidence of retired matches due to medical conditions was higher in hard courts than in clay courts (2.97% and 0.90%, respectively; p = 0.04), while the median value of inactivity of injuries was 32.0 days (range 3–297). In conclusion, the incidence of retirements due to medical conditions in Davis Cup matches was low supporting the assumption that elite tennis is a low‐risk sport activity. Findings provided scientific evidences of injury patterns among male professional tennis players and may contribute to conduct better injury prevention strategies.
Ad‐libitum drinking and performance during a 40‐km cycling time trial in the heat
Authors: Berkulo Meriam A. R. , Bol Susan , Levels Koen , Lamberts Robert P. , Daanen Hein A. M. , Noakes Timothy D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate if drinking ad‐libitum can counteract potential negative effects of a hypohydrated start caused by fluid restriction during a 40‐km time trial (TT) in the heat. Twelve trained males performed one 40‐km cycling TT euhydrated (EU: no water during the TT) and two 40‐km cycling TTs hypohydrated. During one hypohydrated trial no fluid was ingested (HYPO), during the other trial ad‐libitum water ingestion was allowed (FLUID). Ambient temperature was 35.2 ± 0.2°C, relative humidity 51 ± 3% and airflow 7 m·s−1. Body mass (BM) was determined at the start of the test, and before and after the TT. During the TT, power output, heart rate (HR), gastrointestinal temperature, mean skin temperature, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, thermal comfort and thirst sensation were measured. Prior to the start of the TT, BM was 1.2% lower in HYPO and FLUID compared to EU. During the TT, BM loss in FLUID was lower compared to EU and HYPO (1.0 ± 0.8%, 2.7 ± 0.2% and 2.6 ± 0.3%, respectively). Hydration status had no effect on power output (EU: 223 ± 32 W, HYPO: 217 ± 39 W, FLUID: 224 ± 35 W), HR, gastrointestinal temperature, mean skin temperature, RPE, thermal sensation and thermal comfort. Thirst sensation was higher in HYPO than in EU and FLUID. It was concluded that hypohydration did not adversely affect performance during a 40‐km cycling TT in the heat. Therefore, whether or not participants consumed fluid during exercise did not influence their TT performance.
Quantifying positional and temporal movement patterns in professional rugby union using global positioning system
Authors: Jones Marc R. , West Daniel J. , Crewther Blair T. , Cook Christian J. , Kilduff Liam P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study assessed the positional and temporal movement patterns of professional rugby union players during competition using global positioning system (GPS) units. GPS data were collected from 33 professional rugby players from 13 matches throughout the 2012–2013 season sampling at 10 Hz. Players wore GPS units from which information on distances, velocities, accelerations, exertion index, player load, contacts, sprinting and repeated high‐intensity efforts (RHIE) were derived. Data files from players who played over 60 min (n = 112) were separated into five positional groups (tight and loose forwards; half, inside and outside backs) for match analysis. A further comparison of temporal changes in movement patterns was also performed using data files from those who played full games (n = 71). Significant positional differences were found for movement characteristics during performance (P < 0.05). Results demonstrate that inside and outside backs have greatest high‐speed running demands; however, RHIE and contact demands are greatest in loose forwards during match play. Temporal analysis of all players displayed significant differences in player load, cruising and striding between halves, with measures of low‐ and high‐intensity movement and acceleration/deceleration significantly declining throughout each half. Our data demonstrate significant positional differences for a number of key movement variables which provide a greater understanding of positional requirements of performance. This in turn may be used to develop progressive position‐specific drills that elicit specific adaptations and provide objective measures of preparedness. Knowledge of performance changes may be used when developing drills and should be considered when monitoring and evaluating performance.
Neuromuscular, physiological and endocrine responses to a maximal speed training session in elite games players
Authors: Johnston Michael , Cook Christian J. , Crewther Blair T. , Drake David , Kilduff Liam P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the acute neuromuscular, biochemical and endocrine responses to a maximal speed training (MST) session. Eighteen male rugby players completed the protocol, which involved performing six maximal effort repetitions of 50 m running sprints with 5 minutes recovery between each sprint. Testosterone (T), cortisol (C), creatine kinase (CK), lactate (La), perceived muscle soreness (MS) and counter movement jump were collected immediately pre (PRE), immediately post (IP), 2 hours post (2P) and 24 hours post (24P) the sprint session. A bimodal recovery pattern was observed from the jump parameters with several declining significantly (p ≤ 0.05) IP, recovering 2P and suffering a secondary decline 24P. CK and perceived MS were elevated IP and continued to rise throughout the protocol, while La was only elevated IP. T and C were unaffected IP but showed significant declines 2P. These data indicate that MST results in a bimodal recovery pattern of neuromuscular function with changes most likely being related to metabolic and biochemical responses.
An exposure-effect approach for evaluating ecosystem-wide risks from human activities
Authors: Knights Antony M. , Piet Gerjan J. , Jongbloed Ruud H. , Tamis Jacqueline E. , White Lydia , Akoglu Ekin , Boicenco Laura , Churilova Tanya , Kryvenko Olga , Fleming-Lehtinen Vivi , Leppanen Juha-Markku , Galil Bella S. , Goodsir Freya , Goren Menachem , Margonski Piotr , Moncheva Snejana , Oguz Temel , Papadopoulou K. Nadia , Setälä Outi , Smith Chris J. , Stefanova Kremena , Timofte Florin , Robinson Leonie A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is promoted as the solution for sustainable use. An ecosystem-wide assessment methodology is therefore required. In this paper, we present an approach to assess the risk to ecosystem components from human activities common to marine and coastal ecosystems. We build on: (i) a linkage framework that describes how human activities can impact the ecosystem through pressures, and (ii) a qualitative expert judgement assessment of impact chains describing the exposure and sensitivity of ecological components to those activities. Using case study examples applied at European regional sea scale, we evaluate the risk of an adverse ecological impact from current human activities to a suite of ecological components and, once impacted, the time required for recovery to pre-impact conditions should those activities subside. Grouping impact chains by sectors, pressure type, or ecological components enabled impact risks and recovery times to be identified, supporting resource managers in their efforts to prioritize threats for management, identify most at-risk components, and generate time frames for ecosystem recovery.
Countertransference in End-of-Life Music Therapy
Authors: Wilkerson Anne , Dimaio Lauren , Sato Yumiko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Countertransference is a complex and important issue for end-of-life music therapists. However, limited literature is available on the subject of end-of-life music therapy and countertransference to guide professionals as we encounter the effects of countertransference inside and outside sessions. There are circumstances associated with end-of-life music therapy that require a closer look, that demand recognition, and that may result in better music experiences for our clients. The purpose of this article is to explore the experiences and influences of countertransference in the unique situations presented by end-of-life music therapy, thus increasing readers’ awareness of the potential impact of countertransference upon their clinical practices.
The neonatal resuscitation algorithm organized cart is more efficient than the airway–breathing–circulation organized drawer: a crossover randomized control trial
Authors: Chan Jacky , Chan Bill , Ho Hoi Lam , Chan Kam Ming , Kan Pui Gay , Lam Hugh S. 
Published: February 2015

Introduction
Although there is consensus on the resuscitation of newborns, there is no standardization on how resuscitation equipment should be organized. This might lead to difficulty and inefficiency in retrieval of the right equipment during resuscitation. The neonatal resuscitation carts organized in accordance with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm might result in more efficient retrieval of resuscitation equipment.

Objectives
To compare user preference and lengths of time required to retrieve standard resuscitation equipment from an NRP Cart versus a generic storage drawer.

Study design
A prospective, randomized, controlled, and crossover trial was conducted during simulation-based NRP provider courses in the Accident & Emergency Training Centre from September to October 2013. The mean time of accurate equipment retrieval and ease of use, which was rated by the participants using a five-point Likert scale (1=most difficult, 5=easiest to use), were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test because of right skew.

Results
A total of 55 individuals participated in this study. The mean length of time required for equipment retrieval from the NRP Cart was significantly less than that from the drawer (Z=−3.90, P<0.01, median=36.23 s, interquartile range=97 s). In general, the NRP Cart was 32% faster than the drawer when extensive resuscitation equipment was required. All the participants rated the NRP Cart as easier to use than the drawer, with a median score of 4 for NRP Cart and 3 for the drawer (Z=−4.10, P<0.01, interquartile range=2).

Conclusion
The NRP Cart was superior to the generic drawer in terms of the speed of equipment retrieval and user acceptability.
Effect of E-Cadherin (CDH1) −160C/A polymorphism on prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bo Yang , Yi He , Xiaofei Wen , Hui Liu , Guoqiang Liao , Feng Liu , Weifeng Wang , Jidong Hao , Jun Ouyang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractE-Cadherin (CDH1) genetic variations may be involved in invasion and metastasis of various cancers by altering gene transcriptional activity of epithelial cells. However, published studies on the association of CDH1 gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer (PCA)risk remain contradictory, owing to differences in living habits and genetic backgrounds. To derive a more better and comprehensive conclusion, the present meta-analysis was performed. Electronic searches of several databases were conducted for all publications on the association between the CDH1 –160 C/A polymorphism and prostate cancer before Oct 2014. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for statistical analysis. A total of 7 eligible studies including 1294 cases and 1782 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, meta-analysis indicated that the −160A allele carriers (AA, CA, AA+CA and A allele) had an increased risk of PCA compared with the homozygotes (CC). In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, a positive association was found in Asians with A allele, AA, CA, AA+CA genotype and Caucasian descendants with AA genotype, dominant and recessive models. On the contrary, a decreased prostate cancer risk was found in Africans with heterozygous, dominant and allele models. Taken together, this meta-analysis showed that the CDH1 −160A allele might be a risk factor for prostate cancer in Asians and Caucasians. However, this result should be verified by additional population-based studies with large sample sizes.