bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Age of First Exposure on Vocabulary, Mean Length of Utterance, Morphosyntactic Accuracy, and Semantic and Sentence-Level Patterns in the First 2 Years of French Second-Language Learning by Preschool- to Adolescent-Age Mandarin Speakers
Authors: Thordardottir Elin , Plez Ludivine 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Bilingual assessment is particularly difficult in the very first period of children's second language (L2) exposure. This exploratory, longitudinal study examined L2 learning after 1 and 2 years of L2 exposure by young immigrants and how it is affected by their age at first exposure to the L2 (AoE).

Method:
Participants were 18 immigrants ranging in age from 2;11 to 14;2 (years;months), all within their first year in Montreal at Time 1, enrolled in a French school or day care, and from a Mandarin first language background. Participants were tested again a year later. Measures included receptive and expressive French vocabulary tests and conversational language samples analyzed using traditional measures of mean length of utterance (MLU) and morphological accuracy as well as novel measures of semantic and sentence-level patterns.

Results:
Performance was relatively high already at Time 1 and increased significantly at Time 2 in both vocabulary and MLU. At Time 2, vocabulary scores were below normative values, whereas MLU was within expected values relative to monolingual and simultaneous bilinguals for the majority of the participants. However, higher MLUs were accompanied by more instances of both semantic errors and creative semantic strategies. French performance was strongly related to AoE; with amount of exposure equivalent, older participants outperformed the younger ones on MLU and vocabulary. Semantic errors and creative uses were strongly predicted by AoE; however, morphological accuracy and number of agrammatical utterances were not.

Conclusions:
This initial period of French learning involved a rapid growth spurt for most of the participants. We argue that the pattern observed, particularly among the older children, constitutes an early stage of L2 learning characterized by long utterances that are also frequently hard to understand as speakers encounter challenges and use creative strategies in their attempt to convey meaning. Comparison with normative reference bases for monolinguals and bilinguals with greater cumulative L2 exposure who have similar MLUs should be done with much caution during this early period.
Insights From Important Event Recounts Told by People With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhang Erica , Steel Joanne , Togher Leanne , Fromm Davida , MacWhinney Brian , Bogart Elise 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Communication can be chronically impacted by severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet there is a critical lack of research investigating communication recovery beyond 12 months postinjury with discourse measures. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate quantitative and qualitative changes in
important event
recounts produced by a group of people with severe TBI up to 2 years postinjury.

Method:
A prospective observational design with an inception cohort was adopted. Thirty-four participants with severe TBI were asked to produce an important event recount at 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury. A mixed-methods approach comprised a quantitative analysis of microlinguistic and macrostructural measures, using the automated discourse command EVAL in Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN) and the CLAN Collaborative Commentary tool, respectively. Statistical analysis included a repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Friedman test. An independent qualitative content analysis was also conducted.

Results:
The measures revealed significant differences between 6 and 24 months, indicating a protracted recovery trajectory. The microlinguistic analysis showed increased use of revision and repetition over time. The macrostructural analysis indicated changes with orientation to recount characters, evaluative comments, and the number of events or complexity of the recount. The content analysis revealed categories of (a) childhood events, (b) family and relationships, (c) career and education, and (d) grief and loss. Topics at 6 months focused on childhood events and holidays, whereas career and education predominated at 24 months.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to explore important event recounts told by people with severe TBI as they recovered. Participants showed discourse recovery beyond 12 months, highlighting the need for equivalent timing of service provision. The important event recount shows good potential as an ecologically valid assessment tool to evaluate communication recovery that can also be integrated with advances in computerized analysis. Analyses additionally provided insights into potential therapy targets and content categories for chronic discourse impairments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26499271
ATAT: Astronomical Transformer for time series and Tabular data
Authors: Cabrera-Vives G. , Moreno-Cartagena D. , Astorga N. , Reyes-Jainaga I. , Förster F. , Huijse P. , Arredondo J. , Muñoz Arancibia A. M. , Bayo A. , Catelan M. , Estévez P. A. , Sánchez-Sáez P. , Álvarez A. , Castellanos P. , Gallardo P. , Moya A. , Rodriguez-Mancini D. 
Published: August 2024

Context. The advent of next-generation survey instruments, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), is opening a window for new research in time-domain astronomy. The Extended LSST Astronomical Time-Series Classification Challenge (ELAsTiCC) was created to test the capacity of brokers to deal with a simulated LSST stream.
Aims. Our aim is to develop a next-generation model for the classification of variable astronomical objects. We describe ATAT, the Astronomical Transformer for time series And Tabular data, a classification model conceived by the ALeRCE alert broker to classify light curves from next-generation alert streams. ATAT was tested in production during the first round of the ELAsTiCC campaigns.
Methods. ATAT consists of two transformer models that encode light curves and features using novel time modulation and quantile feature tokenizer mechanisms, respectively. ATAT was trained on different combinations of light curves, metadata, and features calculated over the light curves. We compare ATAT against the current ALeRCE classifier, a balanced hierarchical random forest (BHRF) trained on human-engineered features derived from light curves and metadata.
Results. When trained on light curves and metadata, ATAT achieves a macro F1 score of 82.9 ± 0.4 in 20 classes, outperforming the BHRF model trained on 429 features, which achieves a macro F1 score of 79.4 ± 0.1.
Conclusions. The use of transformer multimodal architectures, combining light curves and tabular data, opens new possibilities for classifying alerts from a new generation of large etendue telescopes, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, in real-world brokering scenarios.
Properties of the diffuse gas component in filaments detected in the Dianoga cosmological simulations
Authors: Ilc Samo , Fabjan Dunja , Rasia Elena , Borgani Stefano , Dolag Klaus 
Published: August 2024

Context. Cosmic filaments are observationally hard to detect. However, hydrodynamical cosmological simulations are ideal laboratories where the evolution of the cosmic web can be studied, and they allow for easier insight into the nature of the filaments.
Aims. We investigate how the intrinsic properties of filaments are evolving in areas extracted from a larger cosmological simulation. We aim to identify significant trends in the properties of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) and suggest possible explanations.
Methods. To study the filaments and their contents, we selected a subset of regions from the Dianoga simulation. We analysed these regions that were simulated with different baryon physics, namely with and without AGN feedback. We constructed the cosmic web using the subspace constrained mean shift (SCMS) algorithm and the sequential chain algorithm for resolving filaments (SCARF). We examined the basic physical properties of filaments (length, shape, mass, radius) and analysed different gas phases (hot, WHIM, and colder gas components) within those structures. The evolution of the global filament properties and the properties of the gas phases were studied in the redshift range 0 < z < 1.48.
Results. Within our simulations, the detected filaments have, on average, lengths below 9 Mpc. The filaments’ shape correlates with their length, as the longer they are, the more likely they are curved. We find that the scaling relation between mass M and length L of the filaments is well described by the power law M ∞ L1.7. The radial density profile widens with redshift, meaning that the radius of the filaments becomes larger over time. The fraction of gas mass in the WHIM phase does not depend on the model and rises towards lower redshifts. However, the included baryon physics has a strong impact on the metallicity of gas in filaments, indicating that the AGN feedback impacts the metal content already at redshifts of z ~ 2.
Asteroid pairs: Survey of the inner main belt
Authors: Kyrylenko I. , Krugly Yu. N. , Golubov O. 
Published: August 2024

Context. An asteroid pair forms when an asteroid splits into two unbound fragments because of collision, rotational fission, or binary system decay. The two components of the asteroid pair share similar physical properties and their orbits converge when integrated into the past. Currently, 268 asteroid pairs are known, and new pairs are discovered alongside the continuous discovery of new asteroids.
Aims. We conducted a survey in the inner asteroid belt to find new asteroid pairs, estimated their age, and classified their physical properties. As presently no M-type asteroid pairs are known, we also conducted a specialized survey of them.
Methods. We preselected asteroid pair candidates based on their distances in the five-dimensional space of osculating orbital elements. We created multiple clones within the uncertainties of their orbital elements and conducted their backtrack integration into the past. We searched for convergence of their clones at close spatial points with small relative velocities, the distribution of which determines the pair formation age.
Results. We find 40 new asteroid pairs, thus increasing the total number of known pairs by 15%. One of the newly discovered pairs, 469759 - 2016 QZ 123, with an age of 2.6−0.2+0.7 kyr is now the third-youngest known asteroid pair. We studied the influence of the mutual gravitation of pair components on the process of their evolution and successfully observed the gravitational catching of the two pair members in the past. As a byproduct of pair search, we find eight asteroids connected in a cluster with an age of 76−25+15 kyr that belongs to the Phocaea family and incorporates one previously known asteroid pair. We confirm the convergence of ten asteroid pairs discovered in our previous research and improve their age estimates. We observed a deficiency of M-type asteroid pairs, and therefore conducted a dedicated search for M-type pairs, but found none.
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS)
Authors: Moscadelli L. , Oliva A. , Sanna A. , Surcis G. , Bayandina O. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Understanding the launching mechanism of winds and jets remains one of the fundamental challenges in astrophysics. The Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS) survey has recently mapped the 3D velocity field of the protostellar winds in a sample (37) of luminous young stellar objects (YSOs) at scales of 10–100 au via very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the 22 GHz water masers. In most of the targets, the distribution of the 3D maser velocities can be explained in terms of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind (DW).
Aims. Our goal is to assess the launching mechanism of the protostellar wind in the YSO IRAS 21078+5211, the most promising MHD DW candidate from the POETS survey.
Methods. We have performed multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the 22 GHz water masers in IRAS 21078+5211 to determine the 3D velocities of the gas flowing along several wind streamlines previously identified at a linear resolution of ~1 au.
Results. Near the YSO at small separations along (xl ≤ 150 au) and across (R ≤ 40 au) the jet axis, water masers trace three individual DW streamlines. By exploiting the 3D kinematic information of the masers, we determined the launch radii of these streamlines with an accuracy of ~1 au, and they lie in the range of 10–50 au. At increasingly greater distances along the jet (110 au ≤ xl ≤ 220 au), the outflowing gas speeds up while it collimates close to the jet axis. Magneto-centrifugal launching in a radially extended MHD DW appears to be the only viable process to explain the fast (up to 60 km s−1) and collimated (down to 10°) velocities of the wind in correspondence with launch radii ranging between 10 and 50 au. At larger separations from the jet axis (R ≥ 100 au), the water masers trace a slow (≤20 km s−1), radially expanding arched shock-front with kinematics inconsistent with magneto-centrifugal launching. Our resistive-magnetohydrodynamical simulations indicate that this shock-front could be driven by magnetic pressure.
Conclusions. The results obtained in IRAS 21078+5211 demonstrate that VLBI observations of the 22 GHz water masers can reliably determine the launching mechanism of protostellar winds.
Gastric variceal obstruction improves the efficacy of endoscopic management of esophageal variceal bleeding in GOV type I
Authors: Huang Xiaoquan , Zou Detong , Wang Huishan , Chen Wei , Zhang Lili , Li Feng , Ma Lili , Zhang Chunqing , Chen Ying , Chen Shiyao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Limited data exist regarding endoscopic
obstruction of type I gastroesophageal (GOV I) in managing bleeding from esophageal varices.
In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we aimed to access the efficacy of blocking
gastric varices in management of bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with
GOV1.
Patients and methods Cirrhotic patients experiencing bleeding
from esophageal varices and having GOV I gastric varices in four centers were screened. All
included patients were followed up for 180 days, or until death.
Results A total of 93 cirrhotic patients with GOV I and bleeding
esophageal varices were included. Among them, 58 patients underwent endoscopic cyanoacrylate
injection (ECI) for gastric varices in addition to treatment for esophageal varices (EV),
while the remaining 35 patients received treatment for EV only. Kaplan-Meier analysis
demonstrated that the cumulative 180-day rebleeding rate was significantly lower in the ECI
plus EV treatment group (7.9%) compared with the EV treatment group (30.7%) (P = 0.0031). The cumulative incidence of 180-day mortality was 1.9% in
the ECI plus EV treatment group and 23.9% in the EV treatment group (P = 0.0010). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that concomitant ECI
treatment was an independent protective factor against 180-day rebleeding and overall
mortality.
Conclusions In conclusion, obstruction of gastric varices in
addition to endoscopic treatment for bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with GOV 1
proved superior to endoscopic treatment alone for esophageal variceal bleeding.
Gender Differences in 381 Patients Undergoing Isolated Mitral Regurgitation Repair
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hua , Ma Wei-Guo , Zeng Jian-Wen , Han Yun-Fei , Sun Kai , Huang Wei-Qin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the gender differences in isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) repair.
Methods Of 381 adults aged 54.8 ± 12.3 years undergoing mitral valve repair (MVP) for isolated MR from January 2019 to December 2022, the baseline and operative data, and outcomes were compared between 161 women (42.3%) and 220 men (57.7%).
Results Women tended to be nonsmokers (98.1 vs. 45%, p < 0.001), and have more cerebrovascular accidents (38.5% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.004) and isolated annular dilatation (19.3 vs. 9.1%, p = 0.010), lower creatinine (70.0 ± 19.5 vs. 86.3 ± 19.9 μmol/dL, p < 0.001), and smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD; 54.4 ± 6.7 vs. 57.8 ± 6.6 mm, p < 0.001). One female died of stroke at 2 days (0.3%). Another female (0.3%) underwent mitral valve replacement for failed repair. Stroke occurred in 4 (1.0%). Two underwent reexploration for bleeding (0.5%). Women were more likely to have less 24-hour drainage (290 ± 143 vs. 385 ± 196 mL, p < 0.001). Over a mean follow-up of 2.1 ± 1.1 years (100% complete), 1 woman died and 1 man underwent a reoperation; 28 had moderate MR, and 9 had severe MR. Neither did early and late mortality and reoperation, nor freedom from late moderate or severe MR (71.6 vs. 71.4% at 5 years; p = 0.992) differ significantly between the two genders. Predictors for late moderate or severe MR were anterior leaflet prolapse (hazard ratio [HR] 4.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–16.72; p = 0.027) and isolated annular dilation (HR 5.47, 95% CI 1.29–23.25; p = 0.021).
Conclusion In this series of patients undergoing isolated MR repair, despite significant differences in smoking, cerebrovascular accidents, creatinine, LVEDD, and isolated annular dilatation at baseline, and 24-hour drainage postoperatively, women and men did not show significant differences in early and late survival, reoperation, and freedom from late moderate or severe MR.
A Multi-Stimuli Responsive Spiropyran–Tetraphenylethene Conjugate for the Control of Near-Infrared Emission
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subhajit , Kar Sajal , Chatterjee Sheelbhadra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of a dinitrotetraphenylethene linked to two photochromic spiropyran moieties was achieved. The compound displays photochromic and acidochromic behavior. In the aggregated merocyanine photoisomeric state, the molecule is prone to form aggregates of the zwitterionic form. The merocyanine form displays near-infrared intense fluorescence (λmax_em. at 665 nm) extending into the near-infrared region up to 900 nm. On the other hand, the spiropyran form displays fluorescence in the 450 nm region. In DMF/water mixture, the near-infrared emission is quenched whereas the spiropyran form displays fluorescence with a λmax_em. at 563 nm.
Management and Outcomes of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Associated with Vasospasm Post Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the National Neurosurgical Center in Ireland
Authors: Wiseman Patrick N. , Power Sarah , MacNally Stephen , Nolan Deirdre , Corr Paula , Curley Gerard , Larkin Caroline M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the leading cause of adverse outcome in patients who survive the initial phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While guidelines recommend induced hypertension as a first-line treatment for DCI, there is no high-level evidence confirming outcome benefit.
Methods Patients admitted with nontraumatic SAH over 3 years period were identified. Demographics, clinical/radiological presentation, aneurysm repair method, and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) 3 months postdischarge were recorded. A subgroup of patients who suffered clinically significant vasospasm were identified, and their hypertensive therapy and outcomes were examined.
Results A total of 532 patients were admitted with SAH; 68 developed vasospasm. The vasospasm subgroup was divided based on vasopressor treatment—norepinephrine alone (n = 27) versus norepinephrine plus vasopressin (n = 35). No correlation was found between percentage of days that mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets were met and GOS outcome. Patients treated with both agents had worse GOS outcomes at than those treated with norepinephrine alone.
Conclusion In our study, 12.8% of patients SAH developed vasospasm. Twenty-seven patients were treated with norepinephrine alone and 35 were treated with norepinephrine plus vasopressin to achieve augmented MAP targets. There was no correlation between percentage of days that MAP targets were met and improved patient outcome. The 68 patients stayed a total of 783 days in ICU, with a mean length of stay of 11.5 days. Patients who required dual therapy to achieve MAP targets had significantly worse neurological outcomes.
Development of the Brazilian version of the Mini-Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (M-ACE BR) to screen for cognitive impairment in older adults
Authors: Okada-Oliveira Maira , Carthery-Goulart Maria Teresa , César-Freitas Karolina Gouveia , Nitrini Ricardo , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Age is the most important risk factor for develop dementia, and the recommendation is that older adults are cognitively tested to detect impairment in the initial stage for adequate treatment. The demand for the care of these older adults is great, drawing attention to the need for rapid tests, with good accuracy and simple application to identify cognitive impairment.
Objective To develop and validate the Brazilian Mini-Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (M-ACE BR) as a short screening test for cognitive impairment in older adults.
Methods The M-ACE BR was developed using the Mokken scaling analysis in 352 participants (cognitively unimpaired [CU] = 232, cognitive impairment no dementia [CIND] = 82; and dementia = 38) and validated in an independent sample of 117 participants (CU = 25; CIND = 88; and dementia = 4).
Results The Mokken scaling analysis derived 9 items (spatial orientation, anterograde memory, retrograde memory, delayed recall, recognition [name and address], letter verbal fluency, repetition of 4 words, naming of 10 items, and comprehension) with a maximum score of 51 points and an average duration time of 7 minutes. The cut-off score ≤ 43/51 for CIND had a sensitivity of 59.09% and a specificity of 80%. For a screening test in which sensitivity is prioritized for further investigation, we suggest using a cutoff of ≤ 47 (sensitivity 85.23% and specificity 24%), maintaining a good positive predictive value (79.8%).
Conclusion The M-ACE BR is a brief and adequate instrument to detect cognitive impairment in older Brazilian adults. However, screening for CIND and for different educational levels should be further explored.