bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volcanic Eruption in the Nanoworld: Efficient Oxygen Exchange at the Si/SnO2 Interface
Authors: Liu Poting , Makarova Anna , Freiberg Katharina , Grinter David C. , Sharma Divanshu , Ferrer Pilar , Chuvenkova Olga , Deckert‐Gaudig Tanja , Turishchev Sergey , Lippmann Stephanie , Sivakov Vladimir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere, a phenomenon of efficient oxygen exchange between a silicon surface and a thin layer of tin dioxide during chemical vapor deposition is presented, which leads to a unique Sn:SiO2 layer. Under thermodynamic conditions in the temperature range of 725–735 °C, the formation of nanostructures with volcano‐like shapes in “active” and “dormant” states are observed. Extensive characterization techniques, such as electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray photoelectron, and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy, are applied to study the formation. The mechanism is related to the oxygen retraction between tin(IV) oxide and silicon surface, leading to the thermodynamically unstable tin(II)oxide, which is immediately disproportionate to metallic Sn and SnO2 localized in the SiO2 matrix. The diffusion of metallic tin in the amorphous silicon oxide matrix leads to larger agglomerates of nanoparticles, which is similar to the formation of a magma chamber during the natural volcanic processes followed by magma eruption, which here is associated with the formation of depressions on the surface filled with metallic tin particles. This new effect contributes a new approach to the formation of functional composites but also inspires the development of unique Sn:SiO2 nanostructures for diverse application scenarios, such as thermal energy storage.
A systems‐theoretical exploration for understanding and enhancing policy design: Expanding an analytical locus with implications for policy studies
Authors: de Wee Guswin , Asmah‐Andoh Kwame , Jakoet‐Salie Amina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolicy design has two analytical domains, policy design‐as‐formulation and policy design‐as‐content. The latter study policies as codified and constructed output of the formulation process, which is an activity directed to the process. The analytical concept ‘structural logic’ emerged as an internal property of policy text and has been understudied, perhaps because of the lack of methods and understanding. The paper is a systems‐theoretic exploration of systems assumptions and policy designs. The paper contributes to the theoretical underpinnings of the nature of policy design (as conceptual systems) and how systems‐based assumptions can help understand structural logic by providing a locus for studying and measuring policy element interaction. Findings suggest that it is in the interactions of those elements and connections (policy statements/propositions/directives), corresponding to the causal relations in the real world wherein the effectiveness of policy designs lies (level of structure). The exploration posits that the deep structural similarities between the domains of systems are so ecologically parallel that the insights from one system allows for similarities to be exploited and transferred to understanding the other. The paper provides insights for overcoming policy design limitations and a new way for studying policy element interaction for improving its effects in policy implementation.
Optimizing Concrete Strength and Sustainability by Using Blast Furnace Slag and Waste Glass Powder as Additives
Authors: Das Amar Kumar , Mangaraj Abhijit , Behera Rojalin , Behera Smrutiranjan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTConstruction industry intends to promote effective utilization of waste materials obtained from various sources to develop an eco‐friendly building material for high performance, life cycle sustainability, and reduction of carbon footprints globally. The current study focusses to produce concrete mix by using industrial wastes such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (BOF) and glass powder (GP). Samples are prepared by utilizing industrial wastes partially for M35 grade concrete. The ground granulated BOF and GP are used with 10%–40% and 0.1%–0.4%, respectively, as the partial replacement of cement. Under different curing periods, the specimens were characterized for their physical and mechanical properties. Test results were analyzed to check the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption of the sample mixes prepared. The highest compressive and flexural strength of the samples are found to be 46.23 MPa and 5.13 MPa, at the optimal replacement of BOF and GP in the proportion of 30% and 0.2%, respectively.
Advancements of non‐invasive imaging technologies for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis: Present and future
Authors: Huang Wenpeng , Peng Yushuo , Kang Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a reparative response triggered by liver injury. Non‐invasive assessment and staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease are of paramount importance, as treatment strategies and prognoses depend significantly on the degree of fibrosis. Although liver fibrosis has traditionally been staged through invasive liver biopsy, this method is prone to sampling errors, particularly when biopsy sizes are inadequate. Consequently, there is an urgent clinical need for an alternative to biopsy, one that ensures precise, sensitive, and non‐invasive diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis. Non‐invasive imaging assessments have assumed a pivotal role in clinical practice, enjoying growing popularity and acceptance due to their potential for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring liver fibrosis. In this comprehensive review, we first delved into the current landscape of non‐invasive imaging technologies, assessing their accuracy and the transformative impact they have had on the diagnosis and management of liver fibrosis in both clinical practice and animal models. Additionally, we provided an in‐depth exploration of recent advancements in ultrasound imaging, computed tomography imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, radiomics, and artificial intelligence within the field of liver fibrosis research. We summarized the key concepts, advantages, limitations, and diagnostic performance of each technique. Finally, we discussed the challenges associated with clinical implementation and offer our perspective on advancing the field, hoping to provide alternative directions for the future research.
Climate stress testing for water systems: Review and guide for applications
Authors: Fowler Keirnan J. A. , McMahon Thomas A. , Westra Seth , Horne Avril , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Guo Danlu , Nathan Rory , Maier Holger R. , John Andrew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTogether with other “bottom‐up” methods, climate stress testing is becoming a prominent approach for climate change impact assessment of water systems. Compared with traditional approaches, stress testing is: (i) more focused on exploring the vulnerabilities of the system at hand; (ii) potentially more inclusive, being amenable to stakeholder involvement and (iii) well suited to identify robust policy options that better account for the deep uncertainty associated with multiple plausible futures. Stress testing is rapidly evolving and giving rise to new techniques and concepts, but few articles provide an accessible overview that can serve as an introduction to the field. Here, we review the underlying principles and concepts of climate stress testing, providing a guide to the main decisions involved in practical application. Topics include selection of stressors, characterizing and exploring the exposure space and data generation including the use of stochastic data. In a complex world where water decisions are made in the context of wider socio‐ecological systems, stress testing and other bottom‐up methods can support decisions that are not only robust to future uncertainty but also regarded as legitimate by affected communities.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
A moment approach for entropy solutions of parameter-dependent hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Cardoen Clément , Marx Swann , Nouy Anthony , Seguin Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose a numerical method to solve parameter-dependent scalar hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with a moment approach, based on a previous work from Marx et al. (2020). This approach relies on a very weak notion of solution of nonlinear equations, namely parametric entropy measure-valued (MV) solutions, satisfying linear equations in the space of Borel measures. The infinite-dimensional linear problem is approximated by a hierarchy of convex, finite-dimensional, semidefinite programming problems, called Lasserre’s hierarchy. This gives us a sequence of approximations of the moments of the occupation measure associated with the parametric entropy MV solution, which is proved to converge. In the end, several post-treatments can be performed from this approximate moments sequence. In particular, the graph of the solution can be reconstructed from an optimization of the Christoffel–Darboux kernel associated with the approximate measure, that is a powerful approximation tool able to capture a large class of irregular functions. Also, for uncertainty quantification problems, several quantities of interest can be estimated, sometimes directly such as the expectation of smooth functionals of the solutions. The performance of our approach is evaluated through numerical experiments on the inviscid Burgers equation with parametrised initial conditions or parametrised flux function.
Metagenomic Analysis of Rhizospheric Bacterial Community of Citrus Trees Expressing Phloem-Directed Antimicrobials
Authors: Núñez-Muñoz Leandro Alberto , Sánchez-García Martín Eduardo , Calderón-Pérez Berenice , De la Torre-Almaraz Rodolfo , Ruiz-Medrano Roberto , Xoconostle-Cázares Beatriz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuanglongbing, also known as citrus greening, is currently the most devastating citrus disease with limited success in prevention and mitigation. A promising strategy for Huanglongbing control is the use of antimicrobials fused to a carrier protein (phloem protein of 16 kDa or PP16) that targets vascular tissues. This study investigated the effects of genetically modified citrus trees expressing Citrus sinensis PP16 (CsPP16) fused to human lysozyme and β-defensin-2 on the soil microbiome diversity using 16S amplicon analysis. The results indicated that there were no significant alterations in alpha diversity, beta diversity, phylogenetic diversity, differential abundance, or functional prediction between the antimicrobial phloem-overexpressing plants and the control group, suggesting minimal impact on microbial community structure. However, microbiota diversity analysis revealed distinct bacterial assemblages between the rhizosphere soil and root environments. This study helps to understand the ecological implications of crops expressing phloem-targeted antimicrobials for vascular disease management, with minimal impact on soil microbiota.
Evaluation of Facial Asymmetry in Patients with Crooked Nose
Authors: Eroğlu Ergin , Pamuk A. Erim , Yücel Ömer Taşkın 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aims to explore the correlation between facial asymmetry and a crooked nose using objective methodologies.

Methods
The cohort of 57 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty surgery for aesthetic reasons between 2019 and 2022. Patients were categorized based on the type of nasal axis deviation. The analysis involved reviewing patients’ photographs and cone beam computed tomography images. We identified various anatomical landmarks and compared measurements across the groups.

Results
Among the study population, 21 (36.8%) exhibited Type-I (linear) and 15 (26.3%) demonstrated Type-C nasal axis deviation, while no deviation was detected in 21 (36.8%) patients. Upon evaluating the upper face area, significant differences were found in the glabella-lateral orbit (G-LO) and rhinion-lateral orbit (Rh-LO) parameters (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant difference was discovered in all three parameters between the three groups in the middle face area [glabella-zygion (G-Zy) p = 0.04, rhinion-zygion (Rh-Zy) P < 0.001, anterior nasal spine-zygion (ANS-Zy) p < 0.001)]. Further, a statistically significant difference was noted in the soft tissue parameters gonion (Go) and LO (p = 0.008 and P = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion
Patients with crooked noses, in particular, exhibit asymmetries in the upper and middle faces. The glabella in the upper face and the anterior nasal spine in the middle face are stable points, and the fact that the parameters derived from these two reference points are significant, when considered in conjunction with other significant parameters, strongly supports the aforementioned statement.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Digital outcome measures are associated with brain atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Molenaar Pam C. G. , Noteboom Samantha , van Nederpelt David R. , Krijnen Eva A. , Jelgerhuis Julia R. , Lam Ka-Hoo , Druijff-van de Woestijne Gerrieke B. , Meijer Kim A. , van Oirschot Pim , de Jong Brigit A. , Brouwer Iman , Jasperse Bas , de Groot Vincent , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Schoonheim Menno M. , Strijbis Eva M. M. , Killestein Joep 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Digital monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) using smartphone-based monitoring tools is a promising method to assess disease activity and progression.

Objective
To study cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between active and passive digital monitoring parameters and MRI volume measures in PwMS.

Methods
In this prospective study, 92 PwMS were included. Clinical tests [Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Timed 25 Foot Walk test (T25FW), 9-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)] and structural MRI scans were performed at baseline (M0) and 12-month follow-up (M12). Active monitoring included the smartphone-based Symbol Digit Modalities Test (sSDMT) and 2 Minute Walk Test (s2MWT), while passive monitoring was based on smartphone keystroke dynamics (KD). Linear regression analyses were used to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between digital and clinical outcomes and brain volumes, with age, disease duration and sex as covariates.

Results
In PwMS, both sSDMT and SDMT were associated with thalamic volumes and lesion volumes. KD were related to brain, ventricular, thalamic and lesion volumes. No relations were found between s2MWT and MRI volumes. NHPT scores were associated with lesion volumes only, while EDSS and T25FW were not related to MRI. No longitudinal associations were found for any of the outcome measures between M0 and M12.

Conclusion
Our results show clear cross-sectional correlations between digital biomarkers and brain volumes in PwMS, which were not all present for conventional clinical outcomes, supporting the potential added value of digital monitoring tools.
CLT for NESS of a reaction-diffusion model
Authors: Gonçalves P. , Jara M. , Marinho R. , Menezes O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study the scaling properties of the non-equilibrium stationary states (NESS) of a reaction-diffusion model. Under a suitable smallness condition, we show that the density of particles satisfies a law of large numbers with respect to the NESS, with an explicit rate of convergence, and we also show that at mesoscopic scales the NESS is well approximated by a local equilibrium (product) measure, in the total variation distance. In addition, in dimensions $$d \le 3$$

d
≤
3

we show a central limit theorem for the density of particles under the NESS. The corresponding Gaussian limit can be represented as an independent sum of a white noise and a massive Gaussian free field, and in particular it presents macroscopic correlations.
Infant urinary tract infection in Sweden — A national study of current diagnostic procedures, imaging and treatment
Authors: Lindén Magnus , Rosenblad Therese , Rosenborg Karin , Hansson Sverker , Brandström Per 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants is a common, potentially life-threatening bacterial infection, and must be managed carefully through the entire chain of care from diagnosis, choice of treatment, follow-up and risk stratification of future complications. This Swedish nationwide study of infant UTI was conducted to evaluate the current management of infant UTI, yield of investigations and the Swedish UTI guidelines’ ability to detect abnormalities of importance in the urinary tract.

Methods
Infants < 1 year with a first episode of UTI were included in a prospective multicenter study. Treatment and follow-up were provided by local pediatricians. Clinical and laboratory findings and imaging results were reported to the coordinating center. The current management and results were compared with a previous Swedish study.

Results
One thousand three hundred six infants were included. Urine sampling was performed with clean catch technique in 93% of patients. Initial oral antibiotic treatment was used in 63%, predominantly third generation cephalosporines. Permanent kidney abnormalities were found in 10% and dilating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in 8%. Higher rates of male gender, non-E. coli infection and ultrasound dilatation were seen in infants < 1 month. UTI recurrences were reported in 18%.

Conclusions
Infant UTI is still generating a considerable amount of follow-up examinations. There is a significant shift towards clean catch as the main urine sampling method. Voiding cystourethrography is performed less frequently reducing the findings of low grade VUR. The incidence of renal scarring is comparable with earlier studies which suggests that the Swedish guidelines are able to identify individuals with risk for long-term complications.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
Effectiveness of balneotherapy in reducing pain, disability, and depression in patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: García-López Héctor , García-Giménez María Teresa , Obrero-Gaitán Esteban , Lara-Palomo Inmaculada Carmen , Castro-Sánchez Adelaida María , Rey Raúl Romero-del , Cortés-Pérez Irene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBalneotherapy, using heated natural mineral waters at 36–38 °C, presents a comprehensive treatment approach for Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). This study aims to assess the effect of balneotherapy in reducing pain intensity, disability, and depression in patients with FMS. We want to assess this effect at just four time-points: immediately at the end of the therapy, and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an aggregate data meta-analysis, registered in PROSPERO CRD42023478206, searching PubMed Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and Web of Science until August 2023 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the effect of balneotherapy on pain intensity, disability, and depression in FMS patients. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane methodology, and the pooled effect was calculated using Cohen’s standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in a random-effects model. Sixteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Balneotherapy is effective in reducing pain intensity (SMD − 1.67; 95% CI -2.18 to -1.16), disability (SMD − 1.1; 95% CI -1.46 to -0.7), and depression (SMD − 0.51; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.9) at the end of the intervention. This effect was maintained at 1, 3, and 6 months for pain intensity and disability. Balneotherapy improves both pain intensity and disability in patients with FMS, providing evidence that its positive effects are sustained for up to 6 months of follow-up. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the improvement in depression varies across different temporal phases.
Impact of rehabilitation unit-based physical activity therapy versus symptomatic supportive treatment on older patients with advanced cancer: a non-randomized controlled study
Authors: Lu Xiaoqiong , Wei Shubao , Liang Benzi , Huang Cheng , Meng Weiwei , Zhang Xiaojing , Chen Xiuqiong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Relatively few studies have investigated the effects of rehabilitation-based physical activity therapy as a treatment for older patients with advanced cancer. This study evaluated the effects of individualized precise and structured exercise interventions, prescribed by a rehabilitation physician, on fatigue, quality of life (QOL), and physical activity in older patients with advanced cancer.

Methods
After admission to the rehabilitation department, older cancer patients were divided into groups receiving conventional symptomatic supportive therapy (SST) or physical activity therapy plus conventional symptomatic supportive therapy (PAT). The SST group was given symptomatic supportive treatment, exercised on their own, and were observed at home after their symptoms improved. The PAT group was required to implement physical exercise along with SST, involving 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise per day and 5 days per week, and were discharged after 4 weeks and instructed to continue to exercise outside the hospital. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) at 4 and 8 weeks was the primary endpoint of the study, while the secondary endpoints included patients’ QOL, physical activity, and exercise adherence rate.

Results
Sixty-five patients were included; 37 (56.92%) chose to enter the PAT group, and 28 (43.08%) chose to enter the SST group. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, CRF relief and QOL improvement were significantly better in the PAT group than in the SST group (p < 0.05), whereas global health status did not differ between the two treatment groups (T1: p = 0.84; T2: p = 0.92). Mild physical activity significantly increased for the PAT group at T1 and T2 (T1: p = 0.03; T2: p = 0.005). At the T2 time point, the PAT group exhibited a higher level of participation in moderate-intensity physical activities as well as a higher total leisure activity score (p < 0.05). Thirty-three patients (94.29%) completed the PAT exercise program during hospitalization. Only four (12.12%) patients achieved moderate-intensity exercise, while the other 29 (87.88%) patients were able to continue exercising after their exercise intensity was decreased.

Conclusions
Implementation of precise and individualized exercise interventions, prescribed by the rehabilitation team, can lead to the reduction of CRF and improvement of QOL, and change in behavior related to physical activity.