bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Gonadosomatic Index and Fecundity of <i>Mystus gulio</i> (Ham.)
Authors: Islam MA , Begum M , Pal HK , Alam MJ 
Published: November 2013

The study was conducted for a period of twelve months from January to December 2006 to determine the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and fecundity of Mystus gulio. Total 370 of Mystus gulio were examined during the study period. The sex ratio (male:female) of the investigated fish was 1:1.22 and generally female was larger than male. The fish was found to have a wide spawning season (March to November) with a single spawning peak in July as indicated by the gonadosomatic index and ova diameter. Fecundity of the fish was ranged from 3,891 to 1,68,358 with an average of 32,909.49 during the period of study and was found to increase with the increase of body length and weight. The relationships between fecundity and total-length, body-weight, gonad-length and gonad-weight were found linear and statistically highly significant (p<0.05).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16957 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 161 - 166, 2008
Survey on the Present Status of Infrastructure and Quality Management System in Golda Farms and Depots of Selected Area
Authors: Haider MN , Faridullah M , Islam MN , Kamal M 
Published: November 2013

Post harvest qualitative and quantitative changes have been studied in an important crustacean species prawn, Golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of Bangladesh at various stages of handling Golda have been studied. Detailed information on post-harvest handling, storage, transportation, and distribution of prawn using pre-tested questionnaires was collected from some selected farms and depots of four Golda producing districts viz. Khulna, Bagerhat, Jessore and Norail area. The information on various aspects was collected through interview with cross section of people engaged in farms and depots. The aspects of information collected on Golda farms were: farm conditions, infrastructure, harvesting, farm production, post-harvest care, transportation and quality measures. Information collected on various aspects of depots was: infrastructure facilities, condition of shrimp during receiving, handling, transportation, washing and owners opinion about the quality of prawn from previous year experiences. The post-harvest losses of Golda is due to soft shell, improper washing or washing with unclean water, longer duration of harvesting, exposure of shrimp at high ambient temperature for a long time (delayed icing), contamination, piled up on a dirty floor, general lack of hygiene and dipping in water to weight gain was about 1-4% of the total harvested quantity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16959 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 177 - 186, 2008
Enteric fever burden in North Jakarta, Indonesia: a prospective, community-based study
Authors: Punjabi Narain H , Agtini Magdarina D , Ochiai R. Leon , Simanjuntak Cyrus H , Lesmana Murad , Subekti Decy , Oyofo Buhari A , Von Seidlein Lorenz , Deen Jacqueline , Shin Seonghye , Acosta Camilo , Wangsasaputra Ferry , Pulungsih Sri P , Saroso Santoso , Suyeti Suyeti , R Suharno , Sudarmono Pratiwi , Syarurachman Agus , Suwandono Agus , Arjoso Sumarjati , Beecham III H. James , Corwin Andrew L , Clemens John D 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: We undertook a prospective community-based study in North Jakarta, Indonesia, to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, seasonality, etiologic agent, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of enteric fever. Methodology: Following a census, treatment centre-based surveillance for febrile illness was conducted for two-years. Clinical data and a blood culture were obtained from each patient. Results: In a population of 160,261, we detected 296 laboratory-confirmed enteric fever cases during the surveillance period, of which 221 (75%) were typhoid fever and 75 (25%) were paratyphoid fever. The overall incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid cases was 1.4, and 0.5 per thousand populations per year, respectively. Although the incidence of febrile episodes evaluated was highest among children under 5 years of age at 92.6 per thousand persons per year, we found that the burden of typhoid fever was greatest among children between 5 and 20 years of age. Paratyphoid fever occurred most commonly in children and was infrequent in adults. Conclusion: Enteric fever is a public health problem in North Jakarta with a substantial proportion due to paratyphoid fever. The results highlight the need for control strategies against enteric fever.
Prevalence of parasitic infections in HIV-positive patients in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fekadu Sintayehu , Taye Kefyalew , Teshome Wondu , Asnake Solomon 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infectionsare a major public health burden in tropical countries. Although all HIV/AIDS patients are susceptible to parasitic infections, those having lower immune status are at greater risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients living with HIV/AIDS. Methodology: This was a facility-based cross-sectional study. A total of 343 consecutively sampled HIV/AIDS patients from the HIV care clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital were included. Subjects were interviewed for demographic variables and diarrheal symptoms using structured questionnaires. Stool examinations and CD4 cells counts were also performed. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 47.8% among HIV/AIDS patients; single helminthic infection prevalence (22.7%) was higher than that the prevalence of protozoal infections (14.6%). About 54% of study participants had chronic diarrhea while 3.4% had acute diarrhea. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic diarrhea was significantly higher than in acute diarrhea (p <0.05). Non-opportunistic intestinal parasite infections such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia spp., and hookworm were commonlyfound, regardless of immunestatus or diarrheal symptoms. Opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasitic infection were more frequent in patients with a CD4 count of <200/mm3 (OR=9.5; 95% CI: 4.64-19.47) when compared with patients with CD4 counts of >=500 cells/mm3. Conclusions: Intestinal parasitic infections should be suspected in HIV/AIDS-infected patients with advanced disease presenting with chronic diarrhea. Patients with low CD4 counts should be examined critically for intestinal parasites, regardless of diarrheal status.
Phenotypic characterization and colistin susceptibilities of carbapenem-resistant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.
Authors: Mohanty Srujana , Maurya Vijeta , Gaind Rajni , Deb Monorama 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobcter spp. are important nosocomial pathogens and carbapenem resistance is an emerging threat. Therapeutic options for infections with these isolates include colistin. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream isolates, phenotypically characterize the resistance mechanisms and evaluate the invitro activity of colistin. Methodology: Consecutive 145 (95 P.aeruginosa and 50 Acinetobacter spp.) non-repeat isolates were included. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed per CLSI guidelines. MIC for carbapenems and colistin was performed using Etest. Isolates showing reduced susceptibility or resistance to the carbapenems were tested for metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production using imipenem-EDTA combined disk and MBL Etest. Results: Carbapenem resistance was observed in 40% P. aeruginosa and 66.0% Acinetobacter spp. Carbapenem-resistant (CA-R) isolates were significantly (p< 0.05) more frequently resistant to the other antibiotics than carbapenem-susceptible isolates. Approximately half of the CA-R strains were multidrug-resistant, and 3.1-5.5% were resistant to all antibiotics tested. MBL was found in 76.3% and 69.7% of the P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., respectively. Colistin resistance was observed in three (6.0%) Acinetobacter isolates and eight (8.4%) P. aeruginosa. MIC50 for carbapenems were two to four times higher for MBL-positive compared to MBL-negative isolates, but no difference was seen in MIC for colistin. Conclusion: Carbapenem resistance was observed to be mediated by MBL in a considerable number of isolates. Colistin is an alternative for infections caused by CA-R isolates; however, MIC testing should be performed whenever clinical use of colistin is considered.
Morale et réputation dans une perspective évolutionniste
Authors: Baumard Nicolas , Sperber Dan 
Published: November 2013

Pourquoi les êtres humains se comportent-ils de manière morale ? Les théories évolutionnistes de la morale se partagent habituellement en deux camps, le camp altruiste selon lequel la morale a évolué pour le bien du groupe et dispose les individus à se sacrifier pour la collectivité, et le camp mutualiste selon lequel la morale a été sélectionnée parce qu’elle dispose les individus à respecter les intérêts des autres et ainsi à coopérer avec eux de manière mutuellement avantageuse. La théorie mutualiste semble suggérer que les individus ne sont pas motivés à agir moralement pour des raisons authentiquement morales. Sous une apparence désintéressée, ils chercheraient bien plutôt à améliorer leur réputation. Dans cet article, nous voudrions suggérer que la thèse mutualiste est compatible avec une motivation à agir moralement pour des raisons proprement morales.
La réputation comme instrument social
Authors: Emler Nicholas , St. James Angela , Faucheux Amélie 
Published: November 2013

L’idée que je souhaite défendre dans cet article est que la réputation est un instrument social propre à l’être humain et qui le distingue de toutes les autres espèces animales. Elle peut être utilisée d’une façon fiable comme instrument social, pour extraire de l’information concernant les autres et ce qu’on peut attendre d’eux. Quatre objections possibles à cette approche sont discutées ici : les conditions de la vie contemporaine, les remises en question de la notion de caractère en psychologie, la fiabilité du gossip (commérages) et la complexité des « calculs mentaux » mis en œuvre pour établir des jugements réputationnels valides.
La notation financière des États
Authors: Colonomos Ariel 
Published: November 2013

La réputation est à plusieurs titres une dynamique essentielle de l’activité financière. Elle est une dimension fondamentale du rôle des agences de notation. Cet article identifie les rôles multiples que joue la réputation dans le mécanisme de la notation de la solvabilité des États. Il montre que la réputation s’articule autour de trois axes : le principe de surveillance, la fonction d’information et le rôle d’accréditation rempli par les agences. Ces trois dimensions sont historiquement contingentes. La dynamique de l’accréditation est aujourd’hui, parmi ces trois facettes de la réputation financière, celle qui prédomine. L’accréditation fonctionne selon un principe qui privilégie la stabilité et induit des effets temporels. Elle devient, dans ce contexte, un amortisseur temporel et social. Elle a davantage pour rôle de freiner des processus de changement que de provoquer des mutations. La réputation a dès lors un effet circonscrit.
La France en Amérique latine : quelle(s) stratégie(s) face aux reconfigurations régionales ?
Authors: Andréani Fabrice , Calmus Marie-Claire , Cohen Jim 
Published: November 2013

Derrière une myriade d’initiatives diplomatiques, économiques et militaires, l’action de l’État français en Amérique latine semble souffrir d’un manque de cohérence générale, d’une « non stratégie ». Jean-Jacques Kourliandsky, chercheur à l’Institut de recherche internationale et stratégique (IRIS), nous a aidés à décrypter la situation.
Colombie : les dialogues de paix de la dernière chance ?
Authors: González Olga L. 
Published: November 2013

Comment le gouvernement Santos en Colombie est-il passé de l’idée de revanche sur les Farc, hier en vogue, à celle de paix ? Olga L. González identifie les arguments des acteurs favorables au dialogue, et de ses opposants. Elle propose un bilan, un an après le début des négociations, des principaux points de l’agenda. Elle montre enfin pourquoi « la paix » restera un thème déterminant lors des élections de 2014.
Yasuní-ITT en Équateur : le projet peut-il encore atterrir au niveau local ?
Authors: Labarthe Sunniva 
Published: November 2013

« Laisser le pétrole sous terre » : ces six dernières années, le gouvernement de la « révolution citoyenne » dirigé par Rafael Correa a promu à travers le globe l’initiative Yasuní-ITT comme la façon la plus « simple et révolutionnaire » de réaliser une transition énergétique équitable tant au niveau national qu’international – en intégrant le concept de « dette écologique ». Des rares curieux à être allés voir d’eux-mêmes comment l’idée se fait concrètement matière dans la forêt amazonienne, Sunniva Labarthe nous invite à reconsidérer notre acception de ce qui se joue effectivement aujourd’hui en Équateur sur le plan de la justice sociale et environnementale.
L'État régional du Bolívar au Venezuela. Reflet du désalignement entre le gouvernement chaviste et le mouvement ouvrier
Authors: Posado Thomas 
Published: November 2013

Érigée un temps en avant-poste d’un « socialisme du XXI e siècle » capable de concilier démocratie et réformes radicales, la « révolution bolivarienne » inaugurée par Hugo Chávez a surtout été débattue pour ses conseils de quartier « participatifs » ou son anti-impérialisme. À la mort du Comandante, le déclin électoral du chavisme, bien que perceptible depuis des années, laisse alors perplexe. Loin des barrios hyperactifs et des « ministères du pouvoir populaire » de Caracas, les luttes décrites par Thomas Posado, au cœur des grandes usines « récupérées » et censées faire du Venezuela autre chose qu’un pétro-État, nous aident à mieux cerner la situation.
Les à-côtés du zapatisme contemporain. Réseaux de résistance et mobilisations dans le Chiapas des années 2000
Authors: Collombon Maya 
Published: November 2013

Le néozapatisme a fait irruption sur les scènes mexicaine et mondiale il y a tout juste vingt ans, au moment opportun pour gâcher la fête de l’entrée en « libre échange » avec les États-Unis. « Indigène », « anticapitaliste », et avec comme porte-parole vedette un « sous-commandant » à la fois encagoulé et hypercultivé, le mouvement autour de l’Armée zapatiste de libération nationale (EZLN) a engendré beaucoup d’images, mais peu d’études sur ses rapports concrets avec les autres groupes et individus partageant au quotidien un même espace de lutte au Chiapas. À l’heure où la fascination pour l’EZLN est retombée, Maya Collombon fait le bilan.
Competition and Coordination
Authors: Bouwens Bram , Dankers Joost 
Published: November 2013

Concurrence et coordination : vers une reconsidération des formes de coopération économique dans le monde entrepreneurial néerlandais (1900-2000) Cet article prend en compte trois formes de coopération entre les entreprises : les associations entre intérêts économiques, les cartels et les fusions-acquisitions. Il ressort de manière claire que ces différentes pratiques coopératives sont souvent mutuellement connectées et même apparaissent selon une certaine séquence. Cet article suggère une trame historique de la coordination dans l’univers des entreprises. Cette évolution est causée par des éléments à la fois économiques et institutionnels, mais semble aussi tenir à des facteurs organiques. Les associations d’intérêts économiques se développèrent souvent dans le cadre d’une plate-forme d’accord de cartel. Cela a pu favoriser et même engendrer une coordination ultérieure à travers des fusions-acquisitions. Cet article constitue, par ailleurs, un volet d’un plus large projet de recherche portant sur l’évolution du système des affaires aux Pays-Bas au cours du xx e siècle ( www.bintproject.nl ). JEL Codes: D21, D22, D81, L13, L22, L41, L43.
Polysaccharide-Specific Memory B Cells Generated by Conjugate Vaccines in Humans Conform to the CD27+IgG+ Isotype–Switched Memory B Cell Phenotype and Require Contact-Dependent Signals from Bystander T Cells Activated by Bacterial Proteins To Differentiate into Plasma Cells
Authors: Clarke Edward T. , Williams Neil A. , Findlow Jamie , Borrow Ray , Heyderman Robert S. , Finn Adam 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe polysaccharides (PS) surrounding encapsulated bacteria are generally unable to activate T cells and hence do not induce B cell memory (BMEM). PS conjugate vaccines recruit CD4+ T cells via a carrier protein, such as tetanus toxoid (TT), resulting in the induction of PS-specific BMEM. However, the requirement for T cells in the subsequent activation of the BMEM at the time of bacterial encounter is poorly understood, despite having critical implications for protection. We demonstrate that the PS-specific BMEM induced in humans by a meningococcal serogroup C PS (Men C)–TT conjugate vaccine conform to the isotype-switched (IgG+CD27+) rather than the IgM memory (IgM+CD27+) phenotype. Both Men C and TT-specific BMEM require CD4+ T cells to differentiate into plasma cells. However, noncognate bystander T cells provide such signals to PS-specific BMEM with comparable effect to the cognate T cells available to TT-specific BMEM. The interaction between the two populations is contact-dependent and is mediated in part through CD40. Meningococci drive the differentiation of the Men C–specific BMEM through the activation of bystander T cells by bacterial proteins, although these signals are enhanced by T cell–independent innate signals. An effect of the TT-specific T cells activated by the vaccine on unrelated BMEM in vivo is also demonstrated. These data highlight that any protection conferred by PS-specific BMEM at the time of bacterial encounter will depend on the effectiveness with which bacterial proteins are able to activate bystander T cells. Priming for T cell memory against bacterial proteins through their inclusion in vaccine preparations must continue to be pursued.
Colloque « Bibliothèques numériques : au carrefour des disciplines et des institutions » : constats et enjeux
Authors: Da Sylva Lyne , Laplante Audrey 
Published: November 2013

Cet article fait état des communications présentées lors du colloque « Bibliothèques numériques : au carrefour des disciplines et des institutions », tenu dans le cadre du congrès de l’ACFAS, du 8 au 10 mai 2012. Il consigne les observations faites par les organisatrices du colloque sur les préoccupations et les enjeux dégagés par les conférenciers et conférencières lors de leurs présentations.
Community‐based interventions that work to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination: results of an evaluation study in Thailand
Authors: Jain Aparna , Nuankaew Ratana , Mongkholwiboolphol Nungruthai , Banpabuth Arunee , Tuvinun Rachada , Oranop na Ayuthaya Pakprim , Richter Kerry 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionHIV stigma and discrimination are major issues affecting people living with HIV in their everyday lives. In Thailand, a project was implemented to address HIV stigma and discrimination within communities with four activities: (1) monthly banking days; (2) HIV campaigns; (3) information, education and communication (IEC) materials and (4) “Funfairs.” This study evaluates the effect of project interventions on reducing community‐level HIV stigma.MethodsA repeated cross‐sectional design was developed to measure changes in HIV knowledge and HIV‐related stigma domains among community members exposed to the project. Two cross‐sectional surveys were implemented at baseline (respondent n=560) and endline (respondent n=560). T‐tests were employed to assess changes on three stigma domains: fear of HIV infection through daily activity, shame associated with having HIV and blame towards people with HIV. Baseline scales were confirmed at endline, and each scale was regressed on demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge and exposure to intervention activities.ResultsNo differences were observed in respondent characteristics at baseline and endline. Significant changes were observed in HIV transmission knowledge, fear of HIV infection and shame associated with having HIV from baseline to endline. Respondents exposed to three specific activities (monthly campaign, Funfair and IEC materials) were less likely to exhibit stigma along the dimensions of fear (3.8 points lower on average compared to respondents exposed to none or only one intervention; 95% CI: −7.3 to −0.3) and shame (4.1 points lower; 95% CI: −7.7 to −0.6), net of demographic controls and baseline levels of stigma. Personally knowing someone with HIV was associated with low fear and shame, and females were less likely to possess attitudes of shame compared to males.ConclusionsThe multivariate linear models suggest that a combination of three interventions was critical in shifting community‐level stigma – monthly campaign, Funfair and IEC materials. This is especially important given Thailand's new national AIDS strategy to reduce HIV‐related stigma and discrimination by half by 2016. Knowing which interventions to invest in for HIV stigma reduction is crucial for country‐wide expansion and scale‐up of intervention activities.
A Systematic Review of Outcomes Following Repair of Complex Ventral Incisional Hernias With Biologic Mesh
Authors: Ferzoco Stephen J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRepair of contaminated/infected ventral incisional hernias is marked by high rates of recurrence, complications, and/or explantation of synthetic mesh. Biologic mesh products are recommended for repair to permit reconstruction and reduce complications. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases identified English-language articles reporting postoperative outcomes (e.g., hernia recurrence, infection, mesh explantation) in patients undergoing contaminated/infected ventral incisional herniorrhaphy. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria and contained quantitative outcome data. All were retrospective chart reviews of biologic mesh use (mostly human acellular dermal matrix). Hernia recurrence and wound infection rates were highly variable and inconsistently reported across studies. Mesh explantation was rarely reported. Outcome variability is likely owing to heterogenous patient populations, surgical technique variations, and follow-up duration. Biologic mesh use in contaminated/infected herniorrhaphy was marked by low reported rates of secondary surgeries for infected mesh removal. Data from large, well-controlled, prospective trials with biologic mesh products are needed.
Is Ostomy Still Mandatory in Rectal Injuries?
Authors: Ulger Burak Veli , Turkoglu Ahmet , Oguz Abdullah , Uslukaya Omer , Aliosmanoglu Ibrahim , Gul Mesut 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of the treatment methods of ostomy and primary repair in rectal injuries. A total of 63 patients with rectal injury who had been treated at Dicle University Hospital between 2000 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. To determine the outcomes of the treatment methods, the patients were divided into 2 groups (ostomy group: patients who underwent ostomy plus primary repair; repair group: patients who only underwent primary repair) and compared. The patients included 51 men and 12 women. A total of 44 patients underwent ostomy, whereas 19 patients underwent primary repair. No morbidity was detected in either group with grade II intraperitoneal rectal injury. The outcomes of the patients with grade II intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal rectal injury were similar. In the treatment of patients with low-grade rectal injuries, primary repair can be preferred to ostomy.