bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic enforcement of abstract separation of duty constraints
Authors: Basin David , Burri Samuel J. , Karjoth Günter 
Published: November 2012

Separation of Duties (SoD) aims at preventing fraud and errors by distributing tasks and associated authorizations among multiple users. Li and Wang [2008] proposed an algebra (SoDA) for specifying SoD requirements, which is both expressive in the requirements it formalizes and abstract in that it is not bound to a workflow model. In this article, we bridge the gap between the specification of SoD constraints modeled in SoDA and their enforcement in a dynamic, service-oriented enterprise environment. We proceed by generalizing SoDA's semantics to traces, modeling workflow executions that satisfy the respective SoDA terms. We then refine the set of traces induced by a SoDA term to also account for a workflow's control-flow and role-based authorizations. Our formalization, which is based on the process algebra CSP, supports the enforcement of SoD on general workflows and handles changing role assignments during workflow execution, addressing a well-known source of fraud.
The resulting CSP model serves as blueprint for a distributed and loosely coupled architecture where SoD enforcement is provisioned as a service. This concept, which we call SoD as a Service, facilitates a separation of concerns between business experts and security professionals. As a result, integration and configuration efforts are minimized and enterprises can quickly adapt to organizational, regulatory, and technological changes. We describe an implementation of SoD as a Service, which combines commercial components such as a workflow engine with newly developed components such as an SoD enforcement monitor. To evaluate our design decisions and to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we present a case study of a drug dispensation workflow deployed in a hospital.
Quantification of Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction in Systemic AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Banypersad Sanjay M. , Sado Daniel M. , Flett Andrew S. , Gibbs Simon D.J. , Pinney Jennifer H. , Maestrini Viviana , Cox Andrew T. , Fontana Marianna , Whelan Carol J. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Hawkins Philip N. , Moon James C. 
Published: November 2012

Background—
Cardiac involvement predicts outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis and influences therapeutic options. Current methods of cardiac assessment do not quantify myocardial amyloid burden. We used equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (EQ-CMR) to quantify the cardiac interstitial compartment, measured as myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) fraction, hypothesizing it would reflect amyloid burden.

Methods and Results—

Sixty patients with systemic AL amyloidosis (65% men, median age 65 years) underwent conventional clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance, including late enhancement, equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and clinical cardiac evaluation, including ECG, echocardiography, assays of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and Troponin T, and functional assessment comprising the 6-minute walk test in ambulant individuals. Cardiac involvement in the amyloidosis patients was categorized as definite, probable, or none, suspected by conventional criteria. Findings were compared with 82 healthy controls. Mean ECV was significantly greater in patients than healthy controls (0.25 versus 0.40,
P
<0.001) and correlated with conventional criteria for characterizing the presence of cardiac involvement, the categories of none, probable, definite corresponding to ECV of 0.276 versus 0.342 versus 0.488, respectively (
P
<0.001). ECV was correlated with cardiac parameters by echocardiography (eg, Tissue Doppler Imaging [TDI] S-wave R=0.52, P<0.001) and conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (eg, indexed left ventricular mass
R
=0.56,
P
<0.001). There were also significant correlations with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (
R
=0.69,
P
<0.001) and Troponin T (
R
=0.53,
P
=0.006). ECV was associated with smaller QRS voltages (
R
=0.57,
P
<0.001) and correlated with poorer performance in the 6-minute walk test (
R
=0.36,
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—
Myocardial ECV measurement has potential to become the first noninvasive test to quantify cardiac amyloid burden.
Influence of Atrioventricular Interaction on Mitral Valve Closure and Left Ventricular Isovolumic Contraction Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging
Authors: Decloedt Annelies , Verheyen Tinne , Sys Stanislas , De Clercq Dominique , Bijnens Bart , van Loon Gunther 
Published: November 2012

Background—
The influence of atrioventricular (AV) interaction on mitral valve closure (MVC) and left ventricular (LV) isovolumic contraction is not fully clarified. We investigated the relationship among AV delay, MVC, and LV isovolumic contraction using a horse model because of the low heart rate and physiologically long AV delay.

Methods and Results—

Six horses were evaluated during sinus rhythm, right ventricular pacing without preceding atrial contraction, and dual-chamber pacing at AV delays of 150 to 350 ms, programmed at a constant rate. Right parasternal 4-chamber views were recorded for simultaneous measurements of MVC from anatomic M-mode and radial tissue Doppler-based LV pre-ejection velocity and isovolumic acceleration. During sinus rhythm and long AV delays (≥300 ms), 2 positive pre-ejection velocity peaks were present. The first peak was identified as LV recoil during atrial relaxation and consistently preceded MVC by 33±17 ms. The second peak was related to LV isovolumic contraction, occurring after MVC. This suggests that MVC was caused by atrial relaxation and followed by true isovolumic contraction. During short AV delays (<300 ms) and right ventricular pacing, MVC occurred significantly later. Only 1 pre-ejection peak was present, of which the end coincided with MVC with a mean difference of –1.5±10 ms. This suggests that LV contraction caused MVC. Peak velocity and isovolumic acceleration were significantly higher (
P
<0.001) because the mitral valve was open at the onset of LV contraction.

Conclusions—
Depending on the AV delay, MVC can be atrio- or ventriculogenic, resulting in significant alterations of the LV peak pre-ejection velocity and isovolumic acceleration.
B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Risk of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Acute ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jarai Rudolf , Dangas George , Huber Kurt , Xu Ke , Brodie Bruce R. , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Metzger D. Christopher , Radke Peter W. , Yu Jennifer , Claessen Bimmer E. , Genereux Philippe , Mehran Roxana , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: November 2012

Background—
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes. However, identification of patients at risk for CI-AKI is challenging. Using a large contemporary randomized trial database of patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, we therefore sought to examine whether admission B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels predict the development of CI-AKI.

Methods and Results—

A total of 979 ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients enrolled in the Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial had BNP levels measured in the emergency room prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention as part of the study protocol. CI-AKI was defined as a relative increase in serum creatinine of ≥25%, or an absolute increase of ≥0.5 mg/dL, occurring within 48 hours after contrast administration. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association of admission BNP with development of CI-AKI. CI-AKI occurred in 131 patients (13.3%). Baseline BNP was a significant univariable correlate of CI-AKI (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.51;
P
=0.0001). After multivariable adjustment for clinical, laboratory, and angiographic variables, BNP remained a significant independent predictor of CI-AKI (1.29 [1.10, 1.51];
P
<0.001). Significant net reclassification improvement was achieved by addition of BNP to the current clinical risk prediction model (net reclassification improvement=0.177;
P
<0.001) and to the Mehran Risk Score (net reclassification improvement=0.100;
P
=0.015).

Conclusions—
Measurement of serum BNP at hospital admission may help identify patients who are at risk for developing CI-AKI after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
Dialogism and Territoriality in a Mughal History of the Islamic Millennium
Authors: Anooshahr Ali 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe sixteenth century witnessed the flowering of European literature that claimed to describe the encounter between Western travelers and the indigenous population of the rest of the world. Similarly, some Persianate writings of the same period present a dialogical encounter, not so much with the Europeanother, but with rival Muslim empires. One of the writers in this genre was Jaʿfar Beg Qazvīnī, sole author of the third part of theTaʾrikh-i alfī(Millennial History), supervised by the Mughal emperor Akbar. In his book, Jaʿfar Beg drew on an unprecedented store of sources from rival courts and treated the Ottomans, Mughals, and Safavids as essentially equal political and cultural units following identical historical trajectories. He also developed one of the earliest Mughal expressions of “Hindustan” encompassing South Asia in its entirety. While most analyses of this outstanding example of dialogical historiography have downplayed its value because of its paucity of new information, the present article will seek instead to demonstrate its significance for its unusual worldview.
Justifying Defeat: A Rajput Perspective on the Age of Akbar
Authors: Talbot Cynthia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article explores a darker side of cultural dialogue—the experience of subjugation to a cultural “other”—through a case study of Rao Surjan of Bundi, a Rajput warrior who was defeated by Mughal emperor Akbar in 1569. Surjan’s surrender of Ranthambhor fort was celebrated in Mughal chronicles such as theAkbarnamabut condemned in Nainsi’sKhyatand other Rajput texts. Drawing primarily onSurjanacarita, a Sanskrit poem from about 1590, this article examines the literary strategies that were employed to justify Surjan’s submission to Akbar and his subsequent career as a Mughalmansabdar(imperial rank-holder).
There and Back Again: “Tin” or “Lead” in Amos 7:7-9?
Authors: Noonan Benjamin J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Scholars have struggled with the meaning of the word אֲנָךְ, which appears twice in Amos 7:7 and twice in Amos 7:8. Traditionally, many scholars have defined אֲנָךְ as “lead” and understood it with reference to a plumb line. In recent years, however, the majority of readers have instead defined אֲנָךְ as “tin.” This has spawned a variety of interpretations that try to make sense of how exactly tin might fit into the context of Amos 7:7-9.
This paper critiques the notion that אֲנָךְ means “tin” rather than “lead.” It shows that, contrary to the present interpretative norm, there are no lexical grounds for defining אֲנָךְ exclusively as “tin.” From a lexicographical perspective, the definition “lead” remains the most viable option.
Behavioral responses of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to a putative alarm cue derived from conspecific and heterospecific sources
Authors: Bals Jason D. , Wagner C. Michael 
Published: November 2012

The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, exhibits a spectacular
alarm response to the odor emitted from decayed conspecifics that may differ
substantially in function from the well-characterized system in ostariophysan
fishes. Here, we report a series of three laboratory experiments designed to
characterize the behavioral responses of migratory-phase lampreys to a set of
odors derived from conspecific and heterospecific tissues, determine whether sex
or sexual maturation alters these responses, and ascertain if the putative alarm
substance derives from a particular region of the body. A number of the
findings were consistent with the prevailing predator-avoidance paradigm for
fish alarm substances released from the skin after predator attack in that:
(1) dilute odors derived from freshly ground skin were highly repellent;
(2) the substance is contained in the organism early in life;
(3) the odor derived from a close relative was avoided whereas those of a
distant relative were not; and (4) upon sexual maturity female response
to the alarm substance was attenuated. Two interesting patterns arose that
differed substantially from the prevailing paradigm: (1) conspecific
odors remained repellent after 96 h of aerobic decay; and (2) the
cue was emitted from multiple areas of the body, not just the skin, and the
repellency of the odor derived from any tissue increased in accordance with its
mass. A persistent cue emitted from several sources suggests a broader
ecological function than the detection and avoidance of a predator.
The Lived Experience of Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease: A Three-Year Longitudinal Phenomenological Case Study
Authors: Robinson Petra , Giorgi Barbro , Ekman Sirkka-Liisa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore how one person experienced the early years of dementia as she was living through the pre-clinical and early clinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Interviews were held on four occasions over a period of three years. The data were analyzed using the descriptive phenomenological psychological method, in which the researcher approached the data from a caring perspective. The lived experience of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease showed to be a complex transitional phenomenon that involves a dynamic process of personal adjustment. The process is set in motion as the participant receives the diagnosis and will eventually lead her towards a state of increased openness and receptiveness toward the disease. The results describe this process as it unfolds in the context of the overall experience, and the various adjustments that the participant undertakes. Some reflections concerning the plausible needs of patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease are included in the discussion.
Matter and Movement’s Presence: Notes on Heidegger, Francesco Mosca, and Bernini
Authors: Benjamin Andrew 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The role of actual works of art with philosophical writing is often reduced to the status of example or illustration. As such the materiality of art work is rarely discussed let alone deployed as the basis of philosophical reflection. In this paper works by Francesco Mosca, and Bernini are used to question Heidegger’s writings on sculpture. What such an approach opens up is the possibility that art may set the measure for philosophy.
Sixteen Questions for Fine and Milonakis
Authors: King J.E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile I am in broad agreement with the main thrust of Fine’s and Milonakis’s argument, I pose sixteen questions for them. The first ten questions relate to the history of economic thought (Ricardo, Marxian economics after Marx, institutionalism in Britain); substantive issues of economic theory (their neglect of macroeconomics); methodological and philosophical matters (induction and deduction, positivism, internal and external sources of paradigm change); and the other social sciences (political science, the origins of sociology). I conclude by asking six questions about the ‘old’ and ‘new’ economics imperialism, the prospects for mainstream economics, and the precise nature of the political-economy alternative that Fine and Milonakis propose. Is it simply Marxian political economy in disguise?
Is Isaiah 40–55 Really Monotheistic?
Authors: Olyan Saul M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Isaiah 40–55 is often understood as a work bearing witness clearly and unambiguously to a “novel,” “consistent” and “extreme” monotheism, the monotheistic biblical work par excellence. Yet the author of this article challenges such claims in light of texts such as Isa 40:1–8 and 40:25–26, which recognize the existence of the heavenly host and the volition (40:25–26) or agency (40:1–8) of its members, and in view of Isa 51:9–11, which alludes clearly to the mythic conflict between Yhwh and the sea dragon as a reality. A statement such as “besides me there is no god” (45:5) must, therefore, be interpreted in light of these texts, which are all too frequently ignored by those who speak of Second Isaiah’s “radical” monotheism. “Besides me there is no god” is more likely a claim about Yhwh’s incomparability and unique power and agency than about his sole existence. If there is anything radical and unprecedented about Isaiah 40–55, it is the poet’s rhetoric, which seems to suggest a new meaning and more restricted use for the word “god” (אלהים).Though the host remain a heavenly reality for Second Isaiah, serving Yhwh as they have always done, they are no longer called gods.
From his Mother Nūr al-Anṣāriyya to his Šayḫ Fāṭima bt. Ibn al-Muṯannā: Important Female Figures around Muḥyī l-Dīn b. al-ʿArabī (d. 638/1240)
Authors: Küçük Hülya 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Muḥyī l-Dīn b. al-ʿArabī (d. 638/1240), well known for his favorable views on woman, is of the idea that there is a very strict love-bond in the God, man and woman trinity: God created Adam/man in His own image, and created woman on Adam/man’s image. Thus, God is the waṭan (country of origin) of Adam, and in turn Adam is the waṭan of woman. His mother Nūr al-Anṣāriyya, his wife Maryam and his daughter Zaynab should be regarded as the immediate important women around him. As he believed that man and woman were equal in everything, he followed both female and male šayḫs. Ibn al-ʿArabī’s esteemed female šayḫs include Fāṭima bt. Ibn al-Muṯannā, about whom he used the term “Divine mother;” Šams Umm al-Fuqarāʾ, and Faḫr al-Nisāʾ bt. Rustam, a scholar and the šayḫ of Ḥiğāz.
A Pseudo-Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī?: The Authenticity of ʿIlm al-qulūb1
Authors: Yazaki Saeko 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article examines the authenticity of ʿIlm al-qulūb (The Knowledge of Hearts), which is attributed to the early Sufi writer Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī (d. 386/996). Al-Makkī is the author of Qūt al-qulūb (The Nourishment of Hearts), which exerted a significant influence on later Muslim thinkers, especially Sufis, as an encyclopaedic work on ethics and spirituality in Islam. Questions around the authenticity of his alleged other work, ʿIlm al-qulūb, have sometimes been raised, and recent scholarship seems to deny authorship to al-Makkī. However, the matter has yet to be analysed thoroughly. This article first introduces modern scholarship on the ʿIlm and examines its extant manuscripts and contents. It goes on to compare the Qūt and the ʿIlm through a study of their aims, structures, approaches, and the religious authorities cited in both works. After tackling the question of the authenticity of the ʿIlm through an analysis of both external and internal evidence, this article touches upon the notion of authorship in the context of medieval Islamic writings.
Blood and Adrenaline:Introduction to the Review Roundtable on Manuel Vásquez’s More than Belief: A Materialist Theory of Religion
Authors: Koehlinger Amy L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This essay introduces the review roundtable on Manuel Vásquez’s More than Belief: A Materialist theory of Religion by addressing the themes of cultural and physical embodiment that intersect in research on Catholics and the sport of boxing.
The Intensity of the Spirit in a Spirit-Filled World: Spirit Baptism, Subsequence, and the Spirit of Creation
Authors: Gabriel Andrew K. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
North American Classical Pentecostals have frequently described Spirit baptism as an experience that usually occurs subsequent to the reception of the Spirit at the point of conversion. When placed within a wider context of understanding the various ways in which the Spirit is present, it becomes apparent that this Pentecostal understanding of subsequence is only one instance of a subsequential experience of Spirit-filling. Given that we live in a Spirit-filled world, subsequent experiences of Spirit-filling can be seen in all believers, in the life of Jesus Christ, and in the life of the church. All of these experiences of being filled by the Spirit (and Spirit baptism in particular) may be expressed with the metaphor of the intensity of the Spirit.
Spiritless Lutheranism, Fatherless Pentecostalism, and a Proposed Baptismal-Christological Corrective
Authors: Wilson Sarah Hinlicky 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Though bilateral dialogue between Lutherans and Pentecostals at first glance looks unpromising, their already entangled histories suggest that the time is ripe to proceed. Doctrinal concerns also suggest mutual profit from dialogue. The Spirit has long since disappeared in Lutheran theology despite its importance in Luther’s theology, and the result has been the chronic Lutheran errors of scriptural inerrancy, rationalism, and moralism. Likewise, the absence of the Father in Pentecostalism has contributed to the loss of trinitarianism, the prosperity gospel, andjudgmentalism. The presence of the whole Trinity at Jesus’s baptism suggests a paradigm for Christian baptism and theology that could once again unite what the churches have allowed to fall apart.
The Investment Arbitration between Italy and Cuba: The Application of Customary International Law under Scrutiny
Authors: Milano Enrico 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The present article describes the arbitral proceedings in the investment dispute between Italy and Cuba, with special regard for the Final Award rendered in 2008. The arbitration has raised a number of interesting issues in the application of customary international law, including the admissibility of claims in diplomatic protection in investment disputes under a BIT, the application of the rule on the exhaustion of local remedies, the attribution of acts of State-owned enterprises to the State and the use of general international law as a means to interpret treaty provisions defining the scope of the BIT. Some of these aspects have proved particularly controversial, as shown by the thorough dissenting opinion attached by arbitrator Tanzi, and they are critically analysed. The arbitration confirms the profound interdependence of bilateral treaties and customary international law in international investment arbitration.
The Possibilities and Limitations of Preventive Action: The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities in Ukraine
Authors: Kachuyevski Angela 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article examines the efforts of the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to manage tensions in Ukraine between the substantial Russian minority and the Ukrainian government, and to prevent potentially violent conflict in Crimea from 1994 to 2001, as well as the subsequent efforts to promote peace and stability. It questions why the HCNM was remarkably successful in crisis management from 1994 to 2001, especially in averting secessionism in Crimea, but was hampered in his efforts to achieve a solid foundation for durable peace through the creation of a robust system of minority rights protection. The central argument is that regional politics often preclude the construction of a minority rights regime that could otherwise provide the foundation for durable peace.