bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accepted, desired and ashamed: Images of female alcohol use and drinking-related gender orders described by Finnish women of different ages
Authors: Simonen Jenni 
Published: May 2013

Aims The article deals with how Finnish women of different ages perceive acceptable and desirable images of female alcohol use as well as gender orders associated with drinking. A focus on women and differences between women is motivated by the fact that women's increased drinking is one of the most significant changes in the Finnish alcohol landscape in recent history. Data and Design The data consists of group interviews with women aged 50–60, 35–40 and 25. The images of female alcohol use adopted in these groups are analysed by studying what representations of women's alcohol use and what drinking-related gender identities women in different age brackets identify themselves with as they interpret the stimulus images of drinking situations shown in interviews. Results The analysis suggests that women in different age groups have different ideas of what kind of images of female alcohol use are considered suitable, acceptable and desirable. The different generations also express and repeat different drinking-related norms and attitudes. Conclusions Overall, the analysis shows that women have achieved greater autonomy in their alcohol use and that the construction of women's gender identity in relation to drinking has expanded beyond traditional feminine values and become more varied and layered. Younger generations thus have access to a wider range of feminine imageries, norms and ways of being women.
Recombinant outer membrane vesicles carrying Chlamydia muridarum HtrA induce antibodies that neutralize chlamydial infection in vitro
Authors: Bartolini Erika , Ianni Elvira , Frigimelica Elisabetta , Petracca Roberto , Galli Giuliano , Berlanda Scorza Francesco , Norais Nathalie , Laera Donatello , Giusti Fabiola , Pierleoni Andrea , Donati Manuela , Cevenini Roberto , Finco Oretta , Grandi Guido , Grifantini Renata 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundOuter membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spheroid particles released by all Gram‐negative bacteria as a result of the budding out of the outer membrane. Since they carry many of the bacterial surface‐associated proteins and feature a potent built‐in adjuvanticity, OMVs are being utilized as vaccines, some of which commercially available. Recently, methods for manipulating the protein content of OMVs have been proposed, thus making OMVs a promising platform for recombinant, multivalent vaccines development.MethodsChlamydia muridarum DO serine protease HtrA, an antigen which stimulates strong humoral and cellular responses in mice and humans, was expressed in Escherichia coli fused to the OmpA leader sequence to deliver it to the OMV compartment. Purified OMVs carrying HtrA (CM rHtrA‐OMV) were analyzed for their capacity to induce antibodies capable of neutralizing Chlamydia infection of LLC‐MK2 cells in vitro.ResultsCM rHtrA‐OMV immunization in mice induced antibodies that neutralize Chlamydial invasion as judged by an in vitro infectivity assay. This was remarkably different from what observed with an enzymatically functional recombinant HtrA expressed in, and purified from the E. coli cytoplasm (CM rHtrA). The difference in functionality between anti‐CM rHtrA and anti‐CM rHtrA‐OMV antibodies was associated to a different pattern of protein epitopes recognition. The epitope recognition profile of anti‐CM HtrA‐OMV antibodies was similar to that induced in mice during Chlamydial infection.ConclusionsWhen expressed in OMVs HtrA appears to assume a conformation similar to the native one and this results in the elicitation of functional immune responses. These data further support the potentiality of OMVs as vaccine platform.
Les zombies de Detroit : l'inquiétante étrangeté des ruines modernes
Authors: Vidal Bertrand 
Published: May 2013

Ancienne capitale du rêve de l’industrie automobile, Detroit, aujourd’hui archétype de la ville moderne en ruine, synthétise les rêves et les cauchemars d’une époque. De l’écologie urbaine à l’écologie de la peur, la ville désormais centre attractif culturel, ne cesse d’exprimer les principes de la destruction créatrice telle que l’illustre sa devise : Speramus meliora, resurget cineribus .
Water Sustainability Risk Assessments: Lessons From Water Sensitive Industries
Authors: Tang Alec , Ringwood Kristina 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Water has become an increasingly important consideration within the design, operation, and decommissioning of a broad range of industrial activities across the globe. Identifying and characterizing water-related risks is an activity that requires the review of environmental and ecological impacts alongside community and societal concerns, legal and regulatory requirements as well as broader supply chain, reputational and operational aspects. A range of methodologies and techniques to frame these ‘water sustainability risk assessments’ and allow the assessment of impacts across these different risk categories continue to be developed and refined. Methods that ensure consistency across multi-jurisdiction operational portfolios are also increasingly sought such that the most material risks are identified and addressed.
This paper highlights the diversity of water sustainability risk assessment methodologies that have been implemented across a range of water sensitive industries. These industries include mining, petrochemical production, pharmaceutical and health product manufacturing and food and beverage. Key lessons for the offshore industries and opportunities to draw across best practices from these examples will also be explored. The critical importance of both undertaking these assessments and ensuring the relevance of outputs will also be reviewed along with the value of integrating broader sustainability and non-technical risks within large capital projects.
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Offshore Well Plugging and Abandonment: Challenges and Technical Solutions
Authors: Desai Praful C , Hekelaar Stephan , Abshire Lucas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Many offshore oil fields throughout the world are reaching the end of their productive lives. Consequently, the operators are poised to plug and abandon a substantial number of wells in the next few years.
This proliferation of current and future needs however present unique challenges for the operators and for the offshore service companies. The challenges requiring the most deliberation include:Partial plug & abandonment: A permanent abandonment of the bottom of the well and drilling new well from the upper section to access more productive targets allowing continued use of the existing platform infrastructure. The practice is known as slot recovery program.Requirements of local regulatory agencies: The steps required to qualify the offshore wells as permanently abandoned vary widely with the local regulatory jurisdiction. The governing bodies of the North Sea and Gulf of Mexico are good examples of slightly varying requirements for well abandonment.Combining safety and economics in meeting above two challenges.
To meet these challenges, the offshore service companies have worked with the operators in developing innovative technical solutions that are economically viable and safety compliant.
For Norwegian sector of the North Sea, a single trip casing cutting and pulling system has been developed and tested which provides multiple cuts capability and selective activation of heavy duty spear to overcome frictional resistance between casing and the cement or barite. A casing jack capable of pulling a million pounds of casing has been developed in case a need arises. Also a system designed to mill 150 meters of casing section is currently under field tests.
For the Gulf of Mexico, a hydraulically activated tool to cut up to 72 inch casing has been developed. Also a single trip cut and pull system has been in operation for wells in deep waters. The system eliminates the need to strip the workstring/BHA equipment once the cut casing is at the surface.
The authors will discuss these technical solutions in terms of new tools and procedures. Also discussed will be field data, lesson learned, planned improvements.

Introduction
The decision to plug and abandon (P & A) a well is strictly based on the economics. Once the production rate has fallen off to a level where operating expenses are higher than operating income, the well becomes a prime candidate for permanent abandonment. In other instances, only the bottom of the well is permanently abandoned and a sidetracked well is planned from the upper portion of the well to access a new target. This way the top infrastructure can be used again which makes this approach an economically attractive proposition particularly for offshore platforms where multiple wells are drilled and/or producing from a single platform structure. This methodology is known as slot recovery procedure. Only the lower section of the well is permanently abandoned. The upper section is used in accessing a new target by sidetracking the well.
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A Project Oriented and Technology Robust Dry Tree Semi Concept
Authors: Zeng Jack , Wanvik Leiv , Kang Chang Ho 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In continued pursuit of safe and economic field development solutions in deep and ultra-deep waters, the authors in this paper present a project oriented and technology robust dry tree semi-submersible floater concept. The proposed dry tree floating production and drilling system is based on the proven technology of a conventional four-column deep draft semi-submersible and comprises topside facilities, hull and mooring system, top-tensioned risers, and steel catenary risers. The paper discusses engineering analysis, computer simulation, and model test validation carried out in the investigation of the proposed concept. Sample design cases for ultra-deep water fields in the Gulf of Mexico are presented, where the authors discuss design philosophy, global configuration, and coupled responses of the dry tree semi-submersible hull with mooring and riser system. Safe design and layout of the wellbay hosting the top-tensioned riser system and its interfaces with hull and topsides are addressed as the core of the concept technology. In addition, constructability of the proposed dry tree semi concept is discussed by outlining project execution options under realistic infrastructure and facilities constraints during project construction, integration, and installation phases. Through engineering design, analysis and verification, the authors demonstrate robust performance and cost-effectiveness of the proposed concept, particularly the attractive quayside integration and commissioning. In summary, this paper presents a project oriented dry tree semi-submersible floating system concept with potential improved cost efficiency and reliability over current technology.
Case for Performance-Based Regulations
Authors: Folkers Joie 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper examines prescriptive regulations that have been applied to fiberglass reinforced plastic piping used on offshore production facilities. A case is presented to advocate for the revision of these regulations where use of advantageous materials are based on performance. An emphasis will be placed on the requirements for fire endurance. The current requirements do not mandate the testing of metallic piping materials that would fail the fire exposure tests required for " plastic?? pipe. It is also possible for the material to fail in the actual service environment. Such situations need to be eliminated from the regulations by subjecting all materials to tests which simulate service conditions. The required performance in the current regulations should not be differentiated due to material preference. A performance-based fire test, using conservative design conditions, being performed on and passed by a product that would not pass the current regulatory test is also presented in this paper. The current test method does not reflect actual conditions, but the proposed modified test does. Further use of fiberglass reinforced plastic pipe would provide weight and cost savings as well as improve the safety condition for the personnel on the facility.

Introduction
In the early 1990's, pioneers in the field of fiberglass reinforced plastic pipe began soliciting marine regulators to develop a standard for the use of their product on ships. This work resulted in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopting Assembly Resolution A.753(18) on 4 November 1993 in a document entitled " Guidelines for the Application of Plastic Pipes on Ships.?? In the preamble of this resolution, the Assembly noted that there is " increasing interest within the marine industry to use materials other than steel for pipes?? and that the " framework of the guidelines should provide freedom to permit the development of international and national standards and allow the natural development of emerging technology.?? The overriding principle of these guidelines was that " vessel safety is adequately addressed.??
Subsequently, these same guidelines have been adopted, virtually unchanged, for application on offshore oil production facilities.
There is certainly no dispute regarding the responsibility and burden originally placed on the Assembly. Their expansion of the guidelines for marine piping had to follow all requirements of to Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The same guidelines applied to fixed or floating platforms.
Plug and Abandonment Applications for Inflatable Packers in the Gulf of Mexico, USA
Authors: Loginov Art 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
As the number of wells that need to be plugged & abandoned grows so do the applications for uses of inflatable packers. This paper will discuss common applications and practical uses for inflatable packers in past, current, and in future wells in the Gulf of Mexico, USA.
Inflatable packers are proving to be valuable tools to assist directly with stopping annular gas migration, performing mandatory cement testing, casing leak detection, and cement squeeze applications during the plug and abandonment (P&A) process. Inflatable packer versatility is proving to provide a wide range of setting options that allow the ever changing P&A environment the ability to use single tool configurations for multiple applications. This tool adaptability reduces spread cost through down time reduction. Processes and the use of a peer review approach ensures that the latest techniques and practices are utilized and reviewed to incorporate the safest, effective, and most economical methods for well abandonment. These specific inflatable packer applications will be shown through multiple case histories, where exact well parameters will be discussed, showing the results of each particular job. These case histories will discuss and illustrate temporary well abandonment, permanent well abandonment, re-abandonment, subsea well abandonment, and/or rigless abandonments.

Introduction
Inflatable packers have increasingly gained popularity in the last decades due to their proven reliability, performance and flexibility. There is significant use in different applications from zonal isolation to plug and abandonment operations due to casing restrictions, non standard casing, damaged casing or when conventional mechanical packers or plugs are not an option. They could be either retrievable or permanent and have been used as:Cement RetainersBridge PlugCemented PackerMulti-Set Squeeze PackerMulti-Set Test Packer
Deployment methods vary from wireline (E-line or Slickline), drill pipe, coiled tubing, Cat line or crane on the production platform where work space is limited.
Powering Subsea Processing Facilities of the Future
Authors: Legeay Josselin , Hazel Terence , Peregrym Greg 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Subsea processing is going to increase dramatically over the next several years. A key component is a reliable power supply for the process loads. Located in a hostile and remote environment, the electrical distribution system will need to be designed according to the highest standards in power engineering ensuring dependable information for control and safe operation, and adaptability to changing operation conditions during the life of the field. A very important means of enhancing availability of the power supply is the possibility to do maintenance. For subsea applications this means the ability to locate where the fault has occurred and to be able to disconnect and retrieve the faulty equipment.
This paper will describe how subsea power distribution can be achieved today based on known and proven technology. Equipment that has an excellent track record for surface processing facilities, installed in enclosures designed for the subsea environment and interconnected using cutting edge technology, will bring subsea processing facilities from the realm of fiction to reality.
WEIGHT ADDED WAVE (WAW) SYSTEM IN PRODUCTION -A BRAZIL OFFSHORE APPLICATION
Authors: Tan Zhimin , Zhang John , Sheldrake Terry H , Hou Yucheng , Hill Tricia 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A flexible riser system in Weight Added Wave (WAW) configuration has been developed and installed in a field in the Campos Basin in Brazil, with water depths around 100m. The 11.5 inch ID flexible pipes, used as both production and water injection risers, are tied back to an FPSO with a detachable turret.
Due to the onerous environmental loads combined with excessive FPSO excursion and extreme content density variation of the production risers, the traditional lazy wave and tethered wave configurations were found inapplicable. These configurations were not able to satisfy the required clearances for example between the riser and FPSO hull, the risers and seabed, etc. under the defined service conditions. The traditional Lazy-S configurations were shown feasible but implied a significant cost increase and schedule risk due to the fabrication of the Middle Water Arch (MWA).
As a result, an innovative riser system, WAW, was proposed and subsequently evaluated as a practical alternative solution. The system is based on the traditional wave configuration that incorporates a set of weight chains. The chains are attached to selected buoyancy modules to form a dynamic, self-compensating mechanism that automatically maintains the elevation of the riser configuration within a desirable range, when subjected to excessive changes in weight and FPSO excursion.
This paper presents the technical challenges during the design and detailed engineering stage. As part of the feasibility validation of this system, the effect of the added weight chains over the system's dynamic behaviour was quantified and the dynamic interactive behaviour between the chains and buoyancy modules and seabed was thoroughly investigated. The paper also discusses the WAW buoyancy modules fabrication and special installation procedure. The WAW system was successfully installed and the system is in good production.
Influence of the Hyperbaric Effect on Apparent Material Strength of Fully Saturated Porous Rock for Low Strain Rates
Authors: Kuiper Roel J. , Miedema Sape A. , Frumau Jan C.L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Excavation of rock materials such as Seafloor Massive Sulfide deposits at great depths is greatly influenced by ambient water pressure, but little is known about the processes involved. Dry rock specimens are known to exhibit a large increase of apparent material properties in high-pressure environments. However, in deep-sea mining processes rock material is fully saturated and it is unknown how the hyperbaric effect changes apparent material strengths and involved physical processes under these conditions.
This paper discusses the influence of hyperbaric effect on fully saturated brittle rock specimens during deep-sea excavation using a grab, and the resulting changes in apparent material properties. Computations are described which are used to predict the outcome of this effect, and the validating experiments that were carried out.
A new theorem is stated based on elastic deformation of the grain matrix, which causes a pressure difference in the matrix and reinforces the material. This is based on the low cutting speed of a grab, allowing the material to deform elastically and enabling water ingress into the deformed material, resulting in less cutting energy. Moreover the cutting mechanism of a grab has a very low ratio of cutting energy over excavated rock volume. The theoretical model was developed in collaboration with Delft University of Technology and experiments were carried out with Seatools BV.
Experiments were conducted to investigate the phenomenon and to validate the stated theorem for saturated rock material. An experimental setup was developed in collaboration with Seatools BV, to test rock material properties at different hyperbaric conditions with a low rate of loading. The experiments were designed to carry out standard material tests of the American Society for Testing and Materials to determine the compressive and tensile strength, by crushing the material specimens up to their breaking point in different hyperbaric conditions.
The experiments were used to validate the theoretical computations that predicted differences in tensile strength between saturated and dried specimen, due to ingress of water during deformation causing not the full increase of the apparent material strength. The results were consistent and a correlation between the environment pressure and the added apparent material strength was found.