bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drofenine: a 2‐APB analog with improved selectivity for human TRPV3
Authors: Deering‐Rice Cassandra E. , Mitchell Virginia K. , Romero Erin G. , Abdel Aziz May H. , Ryskamp Daniel A. , Križaj David , Venkat Raj Gopal , Reilly Christopher A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTransient receptor potential vanilloid‐3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRPV subfamily of TRP ion channels. The physiological functions of TRPV3 are not fully understood, in part, due to a lack of selective agonists and antagonists that could both facilitate the elucidation of roles for TRPV3 in mammalian physiology as well as potentially serve as therapeutic agents to modulate conditions for which altered TRPV3 function has been implicated. In this study, the Microsource Spectrum Collection was screened for TRPV3 agonists and antagonists using alterations in calcium flux in TRPV3 overexpressing human embryonic kidney‐293 (HEK‐293) cells. The antispasmodic agent drofenine was identified as a new TRPV3 agonist. Drofenine exhibited similar potency to the known TRPV3 agonists 2‐aminoethoxydiphenylboronate (2‐APB) and carvacrol in HEK‐293 cells, but greater selectivity for TRPV3 based on a lack of activation of TRPA1, V1, V2, V4, or M8. Multiple inhibitors were also identified, but all of the compounds were either inactive or not specific. Drofenine activated TRPV3 via interactions with the residue, H426, which is required for TRPV3 activation by 2‐APB. Drofenine was a more potent agonist of TRPV3 and more cytotoxic than either carvacrol or 2‐APB in human keratinocytes and its effect on TRPV3 in HaCaT cells was further demonstrated using the antagonist icilin. Due to the lack of specificity of existing TRPV3 modulators and the expression of multiple TRP channels in cells/tissue, drofenine may be a valuable probe for elucidating TRPV3 functions in complex biological systems. Identification of TRPV3 as a target for drofenine may also suggest a mechanism by which drofenine acts as a therapeutic agent.
Coordinated test‐rig and ToF‐SIMS experiments to investigate the influence of phosphate glass layers on the friction behavior of a wet clutch
Authors: Mayer C. , Lipinsky D. , Wohlleber F. , Pflaum H. , Stahl K. , Arlinghaus H. F. 
Published: July 2014

The structure and chemical composition of boundary layers built under tribological stress impact the friction and wear of solid‐state surfaces in a major way. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry is ideally suited for the analysis of these boundary layers, including the adsorptive layer formed from oil additive components, and to advance the understanding of the interaction of all materials involved.Tribologically formed phosphate glass layers on friction body surfaces of standard wet multi‐disc clutches, which had been exposed to defined loads in an environment of different model fluids of polyalphaolefin base oil blended with different single additives or well‐defined mixtures of two additives, were investigated using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The obtained data give an insight on how additive‐based reaction layers on friction surfaces may affect the friction curve of a wet clutch. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale‐4 in a Community Sample
Authors: Ingram Paul B. , Clarke Erik , Lichtenberg James W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is among the most widely used measures of perceived stress, it has only recently begun to be tested in independent psychometric validation studies, and the four‐item version of the PSS (PSS‐4) (the briefest version of this measure) has never undergone testing to examine and confirm the originally proposed structure. To address this paucity of research, the present study (a) tested the structure of the PSS‐4 in the first confirmatory factor analysis of the instrument and (b) tested for item‐level gender differences in the PSS that have been demonstrated in other versions of this scale. Results indicated that the PSS four‐item measure does not fit its proposed model. Additionally, score differences were observed for one item across genders. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional diversity versus species diversity: relationships with habitat heterogeneity at multiple scales in a subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest
Authors: Hu Guang , Jin Yi , Liu Jinliang , Yu Mingjian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between functional and species diversity as well as their association with habitat heterogeneity can help reveal the mechanisms of species coexistence in ecological communities. However, these interactions have been poorly studied in subtropical forests. In this paper, we evaluated functional diversity (as measured by Rao's Q) and traditional species diversity (based on Simpson's index) in a 24 ha forest plot in a subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest (EBLF) in China. We compared the sensitivities of functional and species diversity to topographic variables (elevation, convexity, slope and aspect) at multiple spatial scales based on 10 × 10, 20 × 20, 40 × 40 and 50 × 50 m quadrats. Functional and species diversity were found to have different distribution patterns along a topographical gradient, with functional diversity better explained by topography than was species diversity using a spatial autocorrelation regression error model. Furthermore, functional diversity had a significantly greater association with topographic variables than species diversity in both adult and young trees; in both cases, the strength of the diversity‐habitat association increased with quadrat size. We conclude that functional diversity reflects a greater diversity‐habitat association in EBLF than does species diversity, and that the association depends on the spatial scale and life stages of the woody plants under evaluation.
Multipolar radiofrequency ablation with non‐touch technique for hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 3 cm: A preliminary report
Authors: Wu Li‐Wei , Chen Chiung‐Yu , Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Ming‐Yao , Liu Po‐Chun , Liu Pan‐Fu , Seror Olivier , Lee I‐Lin , Lin Shi‐Ming 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundConventional monopolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) bears the risks of incomplete ablation and tumor seeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multipolar RFA with non‐touch technique for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤ 3 cm.MethodsFifteen cirrhotic patients (9 men, 6 women; age 51–83 years, mean 64.4 years, Child‐Pugh score: A = 10 and B = 5) with 17 HCCs of ≤ 3 cm (mean: 26 mm), which were diagnosed based on typical radiologic findings were enrolled. Two or three Celon Prosurge Bipolar electrodes with 3‐cm active tip were deployed with non‐touch technique via percutaneous approach under ultrasound guidance.ResultsComplete ablation was achieved in all 17 lesions. This is defined as no enhanced part around the ablated index tumors according to dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at least 1 month after ablation. No local tumor progression was detected at follow‐up (range, 3–21.5 months; mean, 10 months). No track seeding was observed. There was one distant recurrence 15.4 months after ablation. One patient had procedure‐related biliary stricture and died of pneumonia 3.5 months after tumor ablation.ConclusionMultipolar RFA with non‐touch technique is an effective method to achieve complete tumor ablation and an adequate safety margin. This method has low complication rate and bears minimal risk of tumor seeding.
A child with global neuroregression with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Dubey Rachana , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Gulati Sheffali , Kumar Atin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHypomyelinating disorders have wide spectrum of clinical and radiological manifestations. A 17-month-old girl presented with baseline global developmental delay with insidious onset global neuroregression with refractory seizures from 1 year of age. Her birth and family history were noncontributory. Salient features on examination were central hypotonia and retinal cherry red spot. MRI Brain revealed characteristic white matter and basal ganglia changes. Her serum hexosaminidase A levels were undetectable. Identification of these radiological changes is crucial in directing appropriate enzyme and mutation testing in these patients.
The role of physical distribution services as determinants of product returns in Internet retailing
Authors: Rao Shashank , Rabinovich Elliot , Raju Dheeraj 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPressure continues to build on Internet retailers to squeeze out inefficiencies from their day‐to‐day operations. One major source of such inefficiencies is product returns. Indeed, product returns in Internet retailing have been shown to be, on average, as high as 22% of sales. Yet, most retailers accept them as a necessary cost of doing business. This is not surprising since many retailers do not have a clear understanding of the causes of product returns. While it is known that return policies of retailers, along with product attributes, are two important factors related to product return incidents, little is known about which aspects of the online retail transaction make such a purchase more return‐prone. In the current study, we seek to address this issue. We use a large data set of customer purchases and returns to identify how process attributes in physical distribution service (PDS) influence product returns. The first attribute involves perceptions of scarcity conditions in inventory availability among consumers when retailers reveal to consumers information on inventory levels for the products that they intend to buy. Our results show that orders in which items are sold when these conditions are revealed to shoppers have a higher likelihood of being returned than orders in which these conditions are not revealed. While prior research has argued that inventory scarcity perceptions have an effect on purchases, our findings suggest that they are also related to the likelihood of these purchases being returned. The second attribute involves the reliability in the delivery of orders to consumers. We find that the likelihood of orders being returned depends on the consistency between retailer promises of timeliness in the delivery of orders and the actual delivery performance of the orders. Moreover, we find that the effect that consistency in the delivery has in the likelihood of returns, is stronger for orders that involve promises for expedited delivery than for orders with less expeditious promises. That is, although the occurrence of returns depends on the delays in the delivery of orders to consumers relative to the initial promises made by the retailers, this effect is more notable for orders that involve promises of fast delivery.
Influence of intravenous anesthetics on neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery
Authors: Chang Pi‐Ying , Wu Che‐Wei , Chen Hsiu‐Ya , Chen Hui‐Chun , Cheng Kuang‐I , Lu I‐Cheng , Chiang Feng‐Yu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLimited reports are available in the literature on the impact of intravenous administration of anesthetics on laryngeal electromyographic (EMG) activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the two commonly used intravenous anesthetics (propofol and thiamylal) on EMG amplitude evoked from the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgery. A total of 40 patients were randomized to receive a bolus of propofol (0.5 mg/kg; n = 20) or thiamylal (1.5 mg/kg; n = 20) to increase anesthetic depth when the surgeon found patient movement intraoperatively. Evoked potentials were obtained before and every 1 minute after the administration of each agent for up to 5 minutes by stimulating the RLN. The magnitude of evoked potentials at each time point and hemodynamic response were compared within groups. The mean amplitude of evoked potentials did not change significantly after administration of either propofol or thiamylal (p > 0.05 within groups). Mean arterial pressure measured from 1 minute to 5 minutes was significantly lower in the propofol group than in the thiamylal group (p < 0.05). Heart rate measured within 5 minutes did not differ significantly within groups. Low dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg) or thiamylal (1.5 mg/kg) did not affect EMG readings during neuromonitoring of the RLN in thyroid surgery. Our results show that thiamylal provides better hemodynamic stability than propofol, and is therefore a preferable agent to increase anesthesia depth and prevent further patient movement during intraoperative neuromonitoring.
Sedimentation of a dilute suspension of rigid spheres at intermediate Galileo numbers: the effect of clustering upon the particle motion
Authors: Uhlmann Markus , Doychev Todor 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDirect numerical simulation of the gravity-induced settling of finite-size particles in triply periodic domains has been performed under dilute conditions. For a single solid-to-fluid-density ratio of 1.5 we have considered two values of the Galileo number corresponding to steady vertical motion ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Ga}=121$) and to steady oblique motion ($\mathit{Ga}=178$) in the case of one isolated sphere. For the multiparticle system we observe strong particle clustering only in the latter case. The geometry and time scales related to clustering are determined from Voronoï tessellation and particle-conditioned averaging. As a consequence of clustering, the average particle settling velocity is increased by 12 % as compared with the value of an isolated sphere; such a collective effect is not observed in the non-clustering case. By defining a local (instantaneous) fluid velocity average in the vicinity of the finite-size particles it is shown that the observed enhancement of the settling velocity is due to the fact that the downward fluid motion (with respect to the global average) which is induced in the cluster regions is preferentially sampled by the particles. It is further observed that the variance of the particle velocity is strongly enhanced in the clustering case. With the aid of a decomposition of the particle velocity it is shown that this increase is due to enhanced fluid velocity fluctuations (due to clustering) in the vicinity of the particles. Finally, we discuss a possible explanation for the observation of a critical Galileo number marking the onset of clustering under dilute conditions.
Influence of the viscosity ratio on drop dynamics and breakup for a drop rising in an immiscible low-viscosity liquid
Authors: Ohta Mitsuhiro , Akama Yu , Yoshida Yutaka , Sussman Mark 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn a low Morton number ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}M$) regime, the stability of a single drop rising in an immiscible viscous liquid is experimentally and computationally examined for varying viscosity ratio$\eta $(the viscosity of the drop divided by that of the suspending fluid) and varying Eötvös number ($\mathit{Eo}$). Three-dimensional computations, rather than three-dimensional axisymmetric computations, are necessary since non-axisymmetric unstable drop behaviour is studied. The computations are performed using the sharp-interface coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method in order to capture the deforming drop boundary. In the lower$\eta $regimes,$\eta = 0.02 $or 0.1, and when$\mathit{Eo}$exceeds a critical threshold, it is observed that a rising drop exhibits nonlinear lateral/tilting motion. In the higher$\eta $regimes,$\eta = 0.1$, 1.94, 10 or 100, and when$\mathit{Eo}$exceeds another critical threshold, it is found that a rising drop becomes unstable and breaks up into multiple drops. The type of breakup, either ‘dumbbell’, ‘intermediate’ or ‘toroidal’, depends intimately on$\eta $and$\mathit{Eo}$.
A continuum approach to predicting electrophoretic mobility reversals
Authors: Stout Robert F. , Khair Aditya S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present a continuum approach to predicting the electrophoretic mobility of a charged dielectric colloidal particle in a concentrated multivalent electrolyte. Our model takes into account steric (excluded volume) hindrance between ions via Bikerman’s approach (Philos. Mag., vol. 33, 1942, p. 384) and ion–ion electrostatic (Coulombic) correlations via the work of Bazant et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 106, 2011, 046102). The latter can result in the prediction of an electrophoretic mobility reversal, that is, the migration velocity of a particle switches direction with increasing ion concentration. Our model predictions compare favourably with experiments that observe mobility reversals in multivalent electrolytes.
Comparison of Observing Modes for Statistical Estimation of the 21 cm Signal from the Epoch of Reionisation
Authors: Trott Cathryn M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNoise considerations for experiments that aim to statistically estimate the 21 cm signal from high redshift neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) using interferometric data are typically computed assuming a tracked observation, where the telescope pointing centre and instrument phase centre are the same over the observation. Current low frequency interferometers use aperture arrays of fixed dipoles, which are steered electronically on the sky, and have different properties to mechanically-steered single apertures, such as reduced sensitivity away from zenith, and discrete pointing positions on the sky. These properties encourage the use of two additional observing modes: (1) zenith drift, where the pointing centre remains fixed at the zenith, and the phase centre tracks the sky, and (2) drift + shift, a hybrid mode where the telescope uses discrete pointing centres, and the sky drifts during each fixed pointing. These three observing modes view the sky differently, and therefore yield different uncertainties in the power spectrum according to the balance of radiometric noise and cosmic variance. The coherence of measurements made by the instrument in these modes dictates the optimal reduction in thermal noise by combination of coherent modes, and the reduction in cosmic variance by combination of incoherent modes (views of different patches of the sky). Along with calibration and instrument stability considerations, the balance between these noise components provides one measure for the utility of these three modes for measuring a statistical signature of the EoR signal. We provide a general framework for estimating the uncertainty in the power spectrum for a given observing mode, telescope beam shape, and interferometer antenna distribution. We then apply this framework to the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) using an analysis of the two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) power spectra for 900 hours of observing. We demonstrate that zenith drift scans can yield marginally lower uncertainty in the signal power compared with tracked scans for the MWA EoR experiment, and that moderately higher signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) estimates of the amplitude (3%) and slope (1%) of the 1D power spectrum are accessible, translating directly into a reduction in the required observing time to reach the same estimation precision. We find that the additional sensitivity of pointing at zenith, and the reduction in cosmic variance available with a zenith drift scan, makes this an attractive observing mode for current and future arrays.
Implementation of minimally invasive and objective humane endpoints in the study of murinePlasmodiuminfections
Authors: DELLAVALLE B. , KIRCHHOFF J. , MARETTY L. , CASTBERG F. C. , KURTZHALS J. A. L. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYDefining appropriate and objective endpoints for animal research can be difficult. Previously we evaluated and implemented a body temperature (BT) of <32 °C as an endpoint for experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) and were interested in a similar endpoint for a model of severe malarial anaemia (SMA). Furthermore, we investigate the potential of a minimally invasive, non-contact infrared thermometer for repeated BT measurement. ECM was induced withPlasmodium bergheiANKA infection in C57Bl/6 mice. SMA was induced withPlasmodium chabaudiAS infection in A/J mice. Our previous published endpoint was applied in ECM and 30 °C was pre-determined as the lowest permitted limit for termination in SMA according to consultation with the Danish Animal Inspectorate. Infrared thermometer was compared with the rectal probe after cervical dislocation, ECM and SMA. Linear regression analysis of rectal versus infrared thermometry: cervical dislocation: PearsonR = 0·99,R2 = 0·98, slope = 1·01, y-intercept = 0·55; ECM: 0·99, 0·98, 1·06, −2·4; and SMA: 0·98, 0·97, 1·14, −5·6. Implementation of the 30 °C endpoint captured all lethal infections. However, some animals with BT below 30 °C were not deemed clinically moribund. This study supports repeated measurement infrared thermometry. A humane endpoint of 30 °C was sensitive in capturing terminal animals but might overestimate lethality in this SMA model.
Çatalhöyük: the leopard changes its spots. A summary of recent work
Authors: Hodder Ian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper summarises and interprets data from the Neolithic site ot Çatalhöyük East collected between 2000 and 2008, while at the same time integrating data from earlier and more recent excavation seasons. The paper focuses on evidence for change during the occupation of the site, arguing for an increase in the size and density of occupation into the middle levels associated with symbolic and ritual elaboration within an aggressively egalitarian community. The middle ‘classic’ levels at Çatalhöyük were associated with increased workload, physical stresses and illness. The pressures were relieved in the upper levels after 6500 BC by shifts to greater mobility, increased economic independence of houses and dispersal of population. This shift in the upper levels may be of relevance to the spread of farming populations into northwestern Anatolia and Europe.
Early Bronze Age burial customs on the central Anatolian plateau: a view from Demircihöyük-Sarıket
Authors: Massa Michele 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of the cemetery of Demircihöyük-Sarıket, for which exists one of the largest Early Bronze Age funerary datasets published to date in Anatolia. The size and quality of the sample allow the dataset to be approached quantitatively, to determine both normative and anomalous funerary practices, and to detect distinct patterns of burial treatment for different segments of the population represented in the cemetery. Despite the small size of the community (ca 100–130 people), the results suggest a rather complex picture, in which the choice of specific burial containers, the relative wealth of grave assemblages and the selection of particular sets of items were dependent on differences in the age, gender, occupation and achieved status of the deceased. Comparison with other contemporary funerary assemblages helps to place Demircihöyük-Sarıket and these community-scale observations within their wider cultural context in central Anatolia.