bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incentivised case finding for depression in patients with chronic heart disease and diabetes in primary care: an ethnographic study
Authors: Alderson Sarah L , Russell Amy M , McLintock Kate , Potrata Barbara , House Allan , Foy Robbie 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the process of case finding for depression in people with diabetes and coronary heart disease within the context of a pay-for-performance scheme.DesignEthnographic study drawing on observations of practice routines and consultations, debriefing interviews with staff and patients and review of patient records.SettingGeneral practices in Leeds, UK.Participants12 purposively sampled practices with a total of 119 staff; 63 consultation observations and 57 patient interviews.Main outcome measureAudio recorded consultations and interviews with patients and healthcare professionals along with observation field notes were thematically analysed. We assessed outcomes of case finding from patient records.ResultsCase finding exacerbated the discordance between patient and professional agendas, the latter already dominated by the tightly structured and time-limited nature of chronic illness reviews. Professional beliefs and abilities affected how case finding was undertaken; there was uncertainty about how to ask the questions, particularly among nursing staff. Professionals were often wary of opening an emotional ‘can of worms’. Subsequently, patient responses potentially suggesting emotional problems could be prematurely shut down by professionals. Patients did not understand why they were asked questions about depression. This sometimes led to defensive or even defiant answers to case finding. Follow-up of patients highlighted inconsistent systems and lines of communication for dealing with positive results on case finding.ConclusionsCase finding does not fit naturally within consultations; both professional and patient reactions somewhat subverted the process recommended by national guidance. Quality improvement strategies will need to take account of our results in two ways. First, despite their apparent simplicity, the case finding questions are not consultation-friendly and acceptable alternative ways to raise the issue of depression need to be supported. Second, case finding needs to operate within structured pathways which can be accommodated within available systems and resources.
A study protocol for a randomised open-label clinical trial of artesunate-mefloquine versus chloroquine in patients with non-severePlasmodium knowlesimalaria in Sabah, Malaysia (ACT KNOW trial)
Authors: Grigg M J , William T , Dhanaraj P , Menon J , Barber B E , von Seidlein L , Rajahram G , Price R N , Anstey N M , Yeo T W 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionMalaria due toPlasmodium knowlesiis reported throughout South-East Asia, and is the commonest cause of it in Malaysia.P. knowlesireplicates every 24 h and can cause severe disease and death. Current 2010 WHO Malaria Treatment Guidelines have no recommendations for the optimal treatment of non-severe knowlesi malaria. Artemisinin-combination therapies (ACT) and chloroquine have each been successfully used to treat knowlesi malaria; however, the rapidity of parasite clearance has not been prospectively compared. Malaysia's national policy for malaria pre-elimination involves mandatory hospital admission for confirmed malaria cases with discharge only after two negative blood films; use of a more rapidly acting antimalarial agent would have health cost benefits.P. knowlesiis commonly microscopically misreported asP. malariae,P. falciparumorP. vivax, with a high proportion of the latter two species being chloroquine-resistant in Malaysia. A unified ACT-treatment protocol would provide effective blood stage malaria treatment for allPlasmodiumspecies.Methods and analysisACT KNOW, the first randomised controlled trial ever performed in knowlesi malaria, is a two-arm open-label trial with enrolments over a 2-year period at three district sites in Sabah, powered to show a difference in proportion of patients negative for malaria by microscopy at 24 h between treatment arms (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01708876). Enrolments started in December 2012, with completion expected by September 2014. A total sample size of 228 is required to give 90% power (α 0.05) to determine the primary end point using intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary end points include parasite clearance time, rates of recurrent infection/treatment failure to day 42, gametocyte carriage throughout follow-up and rates of anaemia at day 28, as determined by survival analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by relevant institutional ethics committees in Malaysia and Australia. Results will be disseminated to inform knowlesi malaria treatment policy in this region through peer-reviewed publications and academic presentations.Trial registration numberNCT01708876.
A review of pre-admission advanced airway management in combat casualties, Helmand Province 2013
Authors: Pugh Harry E J , LeClerc S , Mclennan J 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesAirway compromise is the third leading cause of potentially preventable combat death. Pre-hospital airway management has lower success rates than in hospital. This study reviewed advanced airway management focusing on cricothyroidotomies and supraglottic airway devices in combat casualties prior to admission to a Role 3 Hospital in Afghanistan.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of all casualties who required advanced airway management prior to arrival at the Role 3 Hospital, Bastion, Helmand Province over a 30-week period identified by the US Joint Theatre Trauma Registry. The notes and relevant X-rays were analysed. The opinions of US and UK clinical Subject Matter Experts (SME) were then sought.ResultsFifty-seven advanced airway interventions were identified. 45 casualties had attempted intubations, 37 (82%) were successful and of those who had failed intubations, one had a King LT Airway (supraglottic device) and seven had a rescue cricothyroidotomy. The other initial advanced airway interventions were five attempted King LT airways and seven attempted cricothyroidotomies. In total, 14 cricothyroidotomies were performed; in this group, there were nine complications/significant events.ConclusionsThe SMEs suggested that dedicated surgical airway kits should be used and students in training should be taught to secure the cricothyroidotomy tube as well as how to insert it. This review re-emphasises the need to ‘ensure the right person, with the right equipment and the right training, is present at the right time if we are to improve the survival of patients with airway compromise on the battlefield’. The audit reference number is RCDM/Res/Audit/1036/12/0368.
Change Management: A Case of State Power Utility in India
Authors: Pandey Neeraj , Jaiswal Anand Kumar 
Published: August 2014

Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India, had plunged into a crisis due to deteriorating electricity supply and worsening law and order situation. The reason behind it was agitation by employees of Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (UPSEB) against the power sector reforms undertaken by the state government. As part of the reforms, the government backed unified board structure was trifurcated into separate corporate entities. The State Energy Secretary was pondering over reasons behind this impasse between UPSEB employees and the UPSEB management represented by the Uttar Pradesh Government. He had to evaluate a few available options to resolve the crisis and select the most appropriate one. This case highlights the importance of understanding change management process. It also looks at various industrial rela-tions issues to be addressed while undergoing transition, especially in an organizational setting where the Government is a majority stakeholder. It examines the reasons behind resistance to change; and external and internal factors that may lead to industrial relations problems. The case also highlights the need for communication among all stakeholders during transition in order to avoid industrial relations problems.
On automorphism-invariant modules
Authors: Quynh Truong Cong , Koşan M. Tamer 
Published: August 2014

Let M and N be two modules. M is called automorphism N-invariant if for any essential submodule A of N, any essential monomorphism f : A → M can be extended to some g ∈ Hom (N, M). M is called automorphism-invariant if M is automorphism M-invariant. This notion is motivated by automorphism-invariant modules analog discussed in a recent paper by Lee and Zhou [Modules which are invariant under automorphisms of their injective hulls, J. Algebra Appl. 12(2) (2013), 1250159, 9 pp.]. Basic properties of mutually automorphism-invariant modules and automorphism-invariant modules are proved and their connections with pseudo-injective modules are addressed.
Maternalβ-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngeal Exposure and Colonization in Pregnancy
Authors: Heidari-Bateni Giv , Brar Anoop K. , Hall Matthew , Hathcock Trupti , Epstein Deirdre , Goessling Lisa S. , Cunningham Madeleine W. , Eghtesady Pirooz 
Published: August 2014

Objectives. To report the pharyngeal colonization rate ofβ-hemolytic streptococci and changes in the value of antistreptolysin O (ASO) and anti-DNase B serology titers during pregnancy.Methods. Healthy pregnant women were recruited and blood was drawn in each trimester. The upper limit of normal (ULN) values for ASO and anti-DNase B was calculated for each trimester. Throat swabs were collected for culture and positive cultures were further assessed for the identification of serogroup of the isolatedβ-hemolytic streptococcus.Results. Out of a total of 126 pregnant women, 34.1% had positive throat cultures. Group C and group G strains were isolated in 18.2% of throat cultures while group F was detected in 13.5% of cases. The rate of colonization with GAS was 1.6%. There was an overall drop in ASO titer during pregnancy while anti-DNase B titers remained relatively unchanged. ULN values of164IU, 157IU, and156IUwere calculated for ASO at the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Based on the ULN values, 28.6% of patients had recent streptococcal exposure.Conclusions. These results show that pregnant women act as a reservoir for spreading potentially immunogenic (groups C and G) and disease producing (group F) virulent strains of streptococci.
Association of Leukocyte Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number with Colorectal Cancer Risk: Results from the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Authors: Huang Bo , Gao Yu-Tang , Shu Xiao-Ou , Wen Wanqing , Yang Gong , Li Guoliang , Courtney Regina , Ji Bu-Tian , Li Hong-Lan , Purdue Mark P. , Zheng Wei , Cai Qiuyin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: Mitochondria play an important role in cellular energy metabolism, free radical production, and apoptosis, and thus may be involved in cancer development.
Methods: We evaluated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral leukocytes in relation to colorectal cancer risk in a case–control study of 444 colorectal cancer cases and 1,423 controls nested in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study. Relative mtDNA copy number was determined by a quantitative real-time PCR assay using peripheral leukocyte DNA samples collected at the time of study enrollment, before cancer diagnosis.
Results: We found that baseline mtDNA copy number was lower among women who subsequently developed colorectal cancer [geometric mean, 0.277; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.269–0.285] than among women who remained cancer-free (geometric mean, 0.288; 95% CI, 0.284–0.293; P = 0.0153). Multivariate adjusted ORs were 1.26 (95% CI, 0.93–1.70) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.06–1.94) for the middle and lower tertiles of mtDNA copy number, respectively, compared with the upper tertile (highest mtDNA copy number; Ptrend = 0.0204). The association varied little by the interval between blood collection and cancer diagnosis.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that mtDNA copy number measured in peripheral leukocytes may be a potential biomarker useful for colorectal cancer risk assessment.
Impact: If confirmed, mtDNA copy number measured in peripheral leukocytes may be a biomarker useful for colorectal cancer risk assessment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2357–65. ©2014 AACR.
Annexin 2–CXCL12 Interactions Regulate Metastatic Cell Targeting and Growth in the Bone Marrow
Authors: Jung Younghun , Wang Jingcheng , Lee Eunsohl , McGee Samantha , Berry Janice E. , Yumoto Kenji , Dai Jinlu , Keller Evan T. , Shiozawa Yusuke , Taichman Russell S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Annexin 2 (ANXA2) plays a critical role in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) localization to the marrow niche. In part, ANXA2 supports HSCs by serving as an anchor for stromal-derived factor-1 (CXCL12/SDF-1). Recently, it was demonstrated that prostate cancer cells, like HSCs, use ANXA2 to establish metastases in marrow. The present study determined the capacity of ANXA2 expression by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to facilitate tumor recruitment and growth through ANXA2–CXCL12 interactions. Significantly more CXCL12 was expressed by BMSCAnxa2+/+ than by BMSCAnxa2−/− resulting in more prostate cancer cells migrating and binding to BMSCAnxa2+/+ than BMSCAnxa2−/−, and these activities were reduced when CXCL12 interactions were blocked. To further confirm that BMSC signaling through ANXA2–CXCL12 plays a critical role in tumor growth, immunocompromised SCID mice were subcutaneously implanted with human prostate cancer cells mixed with BMSCAnxa2+/+ or BMSCAnxa2−/−. Significantly larger tumors grew in the mice when the tumors were established with BMSCAnxa2+/+ compared with the tumors established with BMSCAnxa2−/−. In addition, fewer prostate cancer cells underwent apoptosis when cocultured with BMSCAnxa2+/+ compared with BMSCAnxa2−/−, and similar results were obtained in tumors grown in vivo. Finally, significantly more vascular structures were observed in the tumors established with the BMSCAnxa2+/+ compared with the tumors established with BMSCAnxa2−/−. Thus, ANXA2–CXCL12 interactions play a crucial role in the recruitment, growth, and survival of prostate cancer cells in the marrow.
Implications: The tumor microenvironment interaction between ANXA2–CXCL12 is critical for metastatic phenotypes and may impact chemotherapeutic potential. Mol Cancer Res; 13(1); 197–207. ©2014 AACR.
Sickle Cell Trait and Incident Ischemic Stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Caughey Melissa C. , Loehr Laura R. , Key Nigel S. , Derebail Vimal K. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Kshirsagar Abhijit V. , Grove Megan L. , Heiss Gerardo 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Numerous case reports describe stroke in individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT) in the absence of traditional risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. To date, no prospective epidemiological studies have investigated this association.

Methods—
A population-based sample of blacks (n=3497; mean age=54 years; female=62%) was followed from 1987 to 2011 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, contributing a total of 65 371 person-years. Hazard ratios and incidence rate differences for ischemic stroke were estimated, contrasting SCT to homozygous hemoglobin A. Models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, total cholesterol, atrial fibrillation, and coronary heart disease.

Results—
SCT was identified in 223 (6.4%) participants. During a median follow-up of 22 years, 401 subjects experienced incident stroke (89% ischemic). Incident ischemic stroke was more frequent among those with SCT (13%) than those with homozygous hemoglobin A (10%). SCT was associated with an ischemic stroke hazard ratio of 1.4 (1.0–2.0) and an incidence rate difference amounting to 1.9 (0.4–3.8) extra strokes per 1000 person-years.

Conclusions—
We observed an increased risk of ischemic stroke in blacks with SCT. Further investigation of the incidence and pathophysiology of stroke in patients with SCT is warranted.
Intervention of Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1–p53 Interaction Exerts the Therapeutic Effects Against Stroke
Authors: Wang Xiaoxi , Pei Lei , Yan Honglin , Wang Zhongping , Wei Na , Wang Shan , Yang Xin , Tian Qing , Lu Youming 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) interacts with the tumor suppressor gene p53 via a direct binding of a death domain of DAPK1 to a DNA-binding motif (DM) of p53 (p53DM) and converges multiple cell death pathways in stroke. The goals of this study are to determine whether disruption of DAPK1–p53 interaction is therapeutically effective against stroke.

Methods—
We synthesized a membrane-permeable p53DM peptide (Tat-p53DM) and tested the therapeutic effects of Tat-p53DM in a mouse model with stroke.

Results—
We showed that Tat-p53DM blocked DAPK1–p53 interaction in brain cells in vivo. When administered 6 hours after stroke onset in adult male mice, Tat-p53DM was still therapeutically effective against brain damages and improved neurological functions.

Conclusions—
DAPK1–p53 interaction is a preferred target for therapeutic intervention of stroke.
Marriage and County-level Crime Rates
Authors: Rocque Michael , Posick Chad , Barkan Steven E. , Paternoster Ray 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: To determine whether the relationship between marriage and crime extends beyond the individual level of analysis by examining the relationship between marriage rates and crime rates at the county level. Methods: Linear regression analyses of marriage rates on various types of crime, including violent, property, drug, and juvenile crime arrest rates. Results: The analyses suggest that marriage rates are inversely related to rates of violent crime, property crime, drug use, and juvenile violence. Conclusions: This research note suggests that the relationship between marriage and crime is more far reaching than previous studies have indicated. Final remarks address the implications of the findings for theoretical work on crime causation and for public policy.
Has the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental illnesses (fifth edition) jumped the shark and is it now time for Australia to reconsider reliance on it?
Authors: Gaughwin Peter 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The purpose of this article is to consider whether, in light of the significant controversy surrounding the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental illnesses (fifth edition) (DSM-5), it may be time for Australia to reconsider the influence of, and its past reliance on, the DSM. Also considered is whether it is now time, with the imminent publication of the The international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (eleventh edition) (ICD-11), to move to the ICD-11 as the primary instrument for diagnosis and research in Australia. Conclusion: That DSM-5 begins its life in an unprecedented plethora of criticism, not only from lay people but also from mental health professionals, which should sound a note of caution for continued reliance on it in Australia.
Knowledge About Hospice
Authors: Cagle John G. , Van Dussen Daniel J. , Culler Krystal L. , Carrion Iraida , Hong Seokho , Guralnik Jack , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: August 2014

Context: Poor knowledge and misperceptions about hospice are believed to be common, but there is scant evidence about the public’s understanding of hospice. Objectives: To examine hospice knowledge among geographically diverse adults; and describe linkages between knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about hospice care, and demographics. Methods: A small cross-sectional telephone survey of adults living in the contiguous US was conducted using randomly selected numbers (cell phone and landline) and over-sampling of minorities. Measures assessed knowledge (23-item test), attitudes (8-item scale), experiences and preferences related to hospice. Results: 123 participants completed surveys (response rate 46%). 106 (86%) had heard about hospice, 65 (54%) of whom had a personal experience with hospice. Participants had an average hospice knowledge test score of 18 (SD = 3.4) indicating moderate knowledge of hospice. A majority of respondents (62%) did not know that hospice cannot provide concurrent cure-oriented care. Misperceptions about eligibility, coverage of hospice, the provision of hospice in nursing homes or to persons who live alone were not uncommon (missed by >20%). Greater knowledge of hospice was associated with more favorable attitudes about the hospice philosophy of care (r = .22, p = .023) and a greater preference for hospice (p = .049). Respondents who were more educated, worked in the medical field, were non-Hispanic White, and had direct experience with hospice were also more likely to be more knowledgeable about hospice. Conclusion: Despite relatively high hospice awareness and favorability, myths and misperceptions about hospice still abound – and may drive ethnic disparities in end-of-life care. Educational interventions and future study are needed.
Inhibition of leukemia cell engraftment and disease progression in mice by osteoblasts
Authors: Krevvata Maria , Silva Barbara C. , Manavalan John S. , Galan-Diez Marta , Kode Aruna , Matthews Brya Grace , Park David , Zhang Chiyuan A. , Galili Naomi , Nickolas Thomas L. , Dempster David W. , Dougall William , Teruya-Feldstein Julie , Economides Aris N. , Kalajzic Ivo , Raza Azra , Berman Ellin , Mukherjee Siddhartha , Bhagat Govind , Kousteni Stavroula 
Published: August 2014

Key PointsAcute myeloid leukemia decreases osteoblast numbers in humans and mice. Reinstatement of osteoblast number and function in leukemic mice by a pharmacologic approach reduces tumor burden in all sites and prolongs survival.
Glucomannan-mediated facile synthesis of gold nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Gao Zhao , Su Rongxin , Huang Renliang , Qi Wei , He Zhimin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A facile one-pot approach for synthesis of gold nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and good stability was presented by reducing chloroauric acid with a polysaccharide, konjac glucomannan (KGM) in alkaline solution, which is green and economically viable. Here, KGM served both as reducing agent and stabilizer. The effects of KGM on the formation and stabilization of as-synthesized gold nanoparticles were studied systematically by a combination of UV-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the gold nanoparticles exhibited a notable catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.
Synthesis of AuPd alloyed nanoparticles via room-temperature electron reduction with argon glow discharge as electron source
Authors: Yang Manman , Wang Zongyuan , Wang Wei , Liu Chang-jun 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Argon glow discharge has been employed as a cheap, environmentally friendly, and convenient electron source for simultaneous reduction of HAuCl4 and PdCl2 on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate. The thermal imaging confirms that the synthesis is operated at room temperature. The reduction is conducted with a short time (30 min) under the pressure of approximately 100 Pa. This room-temperature electron reduction operates in a dry way and requires neither hydrogen nor extra heating nor chemical reducing agent. The analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm all the metallic ions have been reduced. The characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows that AuPd alloyed nanoparticles are formed. There also exist some highly dispersed Au and Pd monometallic particles that cannot be detected by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because of their small particle sizes. The observed AuPd alloyed nanoparticles are spherical with an average size of 14 nm. No core-shell structure can be observed. The room-temperature electron reduction can be operated in a larger scale. It is an easy way for the synthesis of AuPd alloyed nanoparticles.