bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a pharmacogenetic panel‐based test for pharmacotherapy‐based supportive care in an adult oncology clinic
Authors: Cicali Emily J. , Eddy Elizabeth , Gong Yan , Elchynski Amanda L. , Pena del Aguila Kim , Basha Tala , Daily Karen C. , Dickson Lauren , Fischer Steven , Hastings‐Monari Erin , Jones Dennie , Ramnaraign Brian H. , DeRemer David L. , George Thomas J. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe University of Florida Health conducted a pragmatic implementation of a pharmacogenetics (PGx) panel‐based test to guide medications used for supportive care prescribed to patients undergoing chemotherapy. The implementation was in the context of a pragmatic clinical trial for patients with non‐hematologic cancers being treated with chemotherapy. Patients were randomized to either the intervention arm or control arm and received PGx testing immediately or at the end of the study, respectively. Patients completed the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) to assess quality of life (QoL). A total of 150 patients received PGx testing and enrolled in the study. Clinical decision support and implementation infrastructure were developed. While the study was originally planned for 500 patients, we were underpowered in our sample of 150 patients to test differences in the patient‐reported MDASI scores. We did observed a high completion rate (92%) of the questionnaires; however, there were few medication changes (n = 6 in the intervention arm) based on PGx test results. Despite this, we learned several lessons through this pragmatic implementation of a PGx panel‐based test in an outpatient oncology setting. Most notably, patients were less willing to undergo PGx testing if the cost of the test exceeded $100. In addition, to enhance PGx implementation success, reoccurring provider education is necessary, clinical decision support needs to appear in a more conducive way to fit in with oncologists' workflow, and PGx test results need to be available earlier in treatment planning.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in adolescents with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes multimorbidity—a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Shamim Muhammad Aaqib , Patil Amol N. , Amin Ulfat , Roy Tuli , Tiwari Krishna , Husain Noor , Kumar Jogender , Chenchula Santenna , Rao Priyanka , Ganesh Venkata , Varthya Shoban Babu , Singh Surjit , Shukla Ravindra , Rastogi Ashu , Gandhi Aravind P. , Satapathy Prakisini , Sah Ranjit , Padhi Bijaya Kumar , Dwivedi Pradeep , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo synthesize the evidence on the effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.Materials and MethodsFor this systematic review and network meta‐analysis, we searched five databases and registries until 2 March 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was weight change. We did a pairwise meta‐analysis to compare GLP‐1RAs and placebo, followed by a drug‐wise network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare GLP‐1RAs against each other.ResultsWe screened 770 records to include 12 RCTs with 883 participants. The evidence suggests that GLP‐1RAs reduced weight (mean difference −4.21 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] −7.08 to −1.35) and body mass index (BMI; mean difference −2.11 kg/m2, 95% CI −3.60 to −0.62). The evidence on waist circumference, body fat percentage and adverse events (AEs) was very uncertain. The results remained consistent with subgroup analyses for coexisting type 2 diabetes. Longer therapy duration led to a greater reduction in weight and BMI. In the NMA, semaglutide led to the greatest weight reduction, followed by exenatide, liraglutide and lixisenatide.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that GLP‐1RAs reduce most weight‐related outcomes in adolescents, with semaglutide being the most efficacious. There is uncertain evidence on body fat and serious AEs, probably due to fewer studies and low incidence, respectively. Larger RCTs with head‐to‐head comparisons, pragmatic design, adiposity‐related outcomes, and economic evaluation can further guide the use and choice of GLP‐1RAs.
Research advances in understanding crosstalk between organs and pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction
Authors: Huang Peng , Zhu Yunling , Qin Jian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObesity has increased dramatically worldwide. Being overweight or obese can lead to various conditions, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which may further lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have identified a link between β‐cell dysfunction and the severity of MetS, with multiple organs and tissues affected. Identifying the associations between pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and organs is critical. Research has focused on the interaction between the liver, gut and pancreatic β‐cells. However, the mechanisms and related core targets are still not perfectly elucidated. The aims of this review were to summarize the mechanisms of β‐cell dysfunction and to explore the potential pathogenic pathways and targets that connect the liver, gut, adipose tissue, muscle, and brain to pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction.
Metabolomics analysis of human spermatozoa reveals impaired metabolic pathways in asthenozoospermia
Authors: Guerra‐Carvalho Bárbara , Carrageta David F. , Maurício Tatiana , Pereira Sara C. , Barros Alberto , Carvalho Rui A. , Alves Marco G. , Domingues Pedro , Oliveira Pedro F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfertility is a major health issue, affecting 15% of reproductive‐age couples with male factors contributing to 50% of cases. Asthenozoospermia (AS), or low sperm motility, is a common cause of male infertility with complex aetiology, involving genetic and metabolic alterations, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms behind low motility are unclear. In this study, we used a metabolomics approach to identify metabolic biomarkers and pathways involved in sperm motility.MethodsWe compared the metabolome and lipidome of spermatozoa of men with normozoospermia (n = 44) and AS (n = 22) using untargeted LC–MS and the metabolome of seminal fluid using 1H‐NMR. Additionally, we evaluated the seminal fluid redox status to assess the oxidative stress in the ejaculate.ResultsWe identified 112 metabolites and 209 lipids in spermatozoa and 27 metabolites in the seminal fluid of normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men. PCA analysis of the spermatozoa's metabolomics and lipidomics data showed a clear separation between groups. Spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic men presented lower levels of several amino acids, and increased levels of energetic substrates and lysophospholipids. However, the metabolome and redox status of the seminal fluid was not altered inAS.ConclusionsOur results indicate impaired metabolic pathways associated with redox homeostasis and amino acid, energy and lipid metabolism in AS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the metabolome and lipidome of human spermatozoa are key factors influencing their motility and that oxidative stress exposure during spermatogenesis or sperm maturation may be in the aetiology of decreased motility in AS.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition case‐finding instrument in a general practice setting and comparison with other widely used brief cognitive tests—a cross‐validation study
Authors: Jørgensen Kasper , Nielsen T. Rune , Nielsen Ann , Oxbøll Anne‐Britt , Gerner Sofie D. , Waldorff Frans B. , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim of this study was to examine the discriminative validity of the Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition (BASIC) case‐finding instrument in a general practice (GP) setting and compare it with other widely used brief cognitive instruments.MethodsPatients aged ≥70 years were prospectively recruited from 14 Danish GP clinics. Participants were classified as having either normal cognition (n = 154) or cognitive impairment (n = 101) based on neuropsychological test performance, reported instrumental activities of daily living, and concern regarding memory decline. Comparisons involved the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS), the Mini‐Cog, the 6‐item Clock Drawing Test (CDT‐6) and the BASIC Questionnaire (BASIC‐Q).ResultsBASIC demonstrated good overall classification accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.92), a sensitivity of 0.72 (95% CI 0.62–0.80) and a specificity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.91). Pairwise comparisons of the AUCs of BASIC, MMSE, MoCA and RUDAS produced non‐significant results, but BASIC had significantly higher classification accuracy than Mini‐Cog, BASIC‐Q and CDT‐6. Depending on the pretest probability of cognitive impairment, the positive predictive validity of BASIC varied from 0.83 to 0.36, and the negative predictive validity from 0.97 to 0.76.ConclusionsBASIC demonstrated good discriminative validity in a GP setting. The classification accuracy of BASIC is equivalent to more complex, time‐consuming instruments, such as the MMSE, MoCA and RUDAS, and higher than very brief instruments, such as the CDT‐6, Mini‐Cog and BASIC‐Q.
The evolutionary consequences of interactions between the epigenome, the genome and the environment
Authors: Baduel Pierre , Sammarco Iris , Barrett Rowan , Coronado‐Zamora Marta , Crespel Amélie , Díez‐Rodríguez Bárbara , Fox Janay , Galanti Dario , González Josefa , Jueterbock Alexander , Wootton Eric , Harney Ewan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe epigenome is the suite of interacting chemical marks and molecules that helps to shape patterns of development, phenotypic plasticity and gene regulation, in part due to its responsiveness to environmental stimuli. There is increasing interest in understanding the functional and evolutionary importance of this sensitivity under ecologically realistic conditions. Observations that epigenetic variation abounds in natural populations have prompted speculation that it may facilitate evolutionary responses to rapid environmental perturbations, such as those occurring under climate change. A frequent point of contention is whether epigenetic variants reflect genetic variation or are independent of it. The genome and epigenome often appear tightly linked and interdependent. While many epigenetic changes are genetically determined, the converse is also true, with DNA sequence changes influenced by the presence of epigenetic marks. Understanding how the epigenome, genome and environment interact with one another is therefore an essential step in explaining the broader evolutionary consequences of epigenomic variation. Drawing on results from experimental and comparative studies carried out in diverse plant and animal species, we synthesize our current understanding of how these factors interact to shape phenotypic variation in natural populations, with a focus on identifying similarities and differences between taxonomic groups. We describe the main components of the epigenome and how they vary within and between taxa. We review how variation in the epigenome interacts with genetic features and environmental determinants, with a focus on the role of transposable elements (TEs) in integrating the epigenome, genome and environment. And we look at recent studies investigating the functional and evolutionary consequences of these interactions. Although epigenetic differentiation in nature is likely often a result of drift or selection on stochastic epimutations, there is growing evidence that a significant fraction of it can be stably inherited and could therefore contribute to evolution independently of genetic change.
A sedimentary DNA record of the Atacama Trench reveals biodiversity changes in the most productive marine ecosystem
Authors: Rivera Rosas Diego Elihú , Geraldi Nathan R. , Glud Ronnie N. , Oguri Kazumasa , Haond Sophie A. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hadopelagic environment remains highly understudied due to the inherent difficulties in sampling at these depths. The use of sediment environmental DNA (eDNA) can overcome some of these restrictions as settled and preserved DNA represent an archive of the biological communities. We use sediment eDNA to assess changes in the community within one of the world's most productive open‐ocean ecosystems: the Atacama Trench. The ecosystems around the Atacama Trench have been intensively fished and are affected by climate oscillations, but the understanding of potential impacts on the marine community is limited. We sampled five sites using sediment cores at water depths from 2400 to ~8000 m. The chronologies of the sedimentary record were determined using 210Pbex. Environmental DNA was extracted from core slices and metabarcoding was used to identify the eukaryote community using two separate primer pairs for different sections of the 18S rRNA gene (V9 and V7) effectively targeting pelagic taxa. The reconstructed communities were similar among markers and mainly composed of chordates and members of the Chromista kingdom. Alpha diversity was estimated for all sites in intervals of 15 years (from 1842 to 2018), showing a severe drop in biodiversity from 1970 to 1985 that aligns with one of the strongest known El Niño events and extensive fishing efforts during the time. We find a direct impact of sea surface temperature on the community composition over time. Fish and cnidarian read abundance was examined separately to determine whether fishing had a direct impact, but no direct relation was found. These results demonstrate that sediment eDNA can be a valuable emerging tool providing insight in historical perspectives on ecosystem developments. This study constitutes an important step toward an improved understanding of the importance of environmental and anthropogenic drivers in affecting open and deep ocean communities.
Pushed waves, trailing edges, and extreme events: Eco‐evolutionary dynamics of a geographic range shift in the owl limpet, Lottia gigantea
Authors: Nielsen Erica S. , Walkes Samuel , Sones Jacqueline L. , Fenberg Phillip B. , Paz‐García David A. , Cameron Brenda B. , Grosberg Richard K. , Sanford Eric , Bay Rachael A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs climatic variation re‐shapes global biodiversity, understanding eco‐evolutionary feedbacks during species range shifts is of increasing importance. Theory on range expansions distinguishes between two different forms: “pulled” and “pushed” waves. Pulled waves occur when the source of the expansion comes from low‐density peripheral populations, while pushed waves occur when recruitment to the expanding edge is supplied by high‐density populations closer to the species' core. How extreme events shape pushed/pulled wave expansion events, as well as trailing‐edge declines/contractions, remains largely unexplored. We examined eco‐evolutionary responses of a marine invertebrate (the owl limpet, Lottia gigantea) that increased in abundance during the 2014–2016 marine heatwaves near the poleward edge of its geographic range in the northeastern Pacific. We used whole‐genome sequencing from 19 populations across >11 degrees of latitude to characterize genomic variation, gene flow, and demographic histories across the species' range. We estimated present‐day dispersal potential and past climatic stability to identify how contemporary and historical seascape features shape genomic characteristics. Consistent with expectations of a pushed wave, we found little genomic differentiation between core and leading‐edge populations, and higher genomic diversity at range edges. A large and well‐mixed population in the northern edge of the species' range is likely a result of ocean current anomalies increasing larval settlement and high‐dispersal potential across biogeographic boundaries. Trailing‐edge populations have higher differentiation from core populations, possibly driven by local selection and limited gene flow, as well as high genomic diversity likely as a result of climatic stability during the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings suggest that extreme events can drive poleward range expansions that carry the adaptive potential of core populations, while also cautioning that trailing‐edge extirpations may threaten unique evolutionary variation. This work highlights the importance of understanding how both trailing and leading edges respond to global change and extreme events.
Association between social isolation and diversity in food intake by gender in community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kawakami Ayuka , Tomida Kouki , Shimoda Takahiro , Nakajima Chika , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2024

AimFew studies have investigated the relationship between low dietary variety and clearly defined social isolation by gender. This study explored the association between dietary variety and social isolation, classified by operational definition, separately by gender in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited respondents via mail. A total of 4798 participants aged ≥65 years participated in the on‐site assessment. Social isolation was assessed by “lack of conversation,” “lack of passive support,” “lack of offering support,” and “lack of social participation.” Dietary variety was evaluated using the Dietary Variety Score (DVS).ResultsThe participants' median age was 73 (interquartile range 25–75: 69–77) years, and 2147 (44.7%) were male. After adjusting for covariates, with regard to male participants, a lack of offering support (β = −0.051, P = 0.019) and a lack of social participation (β = −0.089, P < 0.001) were associated with a low DVS. For female participants, only a lack of social participation was related to a low DVS (β = −0.067, P < 0.001). A lack of conversation and passive support were not associated with a low DVS for both genders (P >0.05).ConclusionThe results indicate that encouraging social participation, regardless of gender, as well as preventing a lack of offering support for others among men, may contribute to improving individuals’ DVS. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 930–938.
Central and Eastern European Migrants in the United Kingdom: A Scoping Review of the Reasons for Utilisation of Transnational Healthcare
Authors: Stepanova Victoria , Poppleton Aaron , Ponsford Ruth 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn estimated 2.2 million people from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) live in the United Kingdom. It has been documented that CEE migrants underutilise health services in the United Kingdom and, as an alternative, seek healthcare in their home country. However, reasons for seeking healthcare abroad are not always clear. This review aims to identify the reasons for the uptake of transnational healthcare among CEE migrants resident in the United Kingdom.MethodsInformed by discussions with community members, medical stakeholders and academics, a systematic scoping review was undertaken following the nine‐stage Joanna Briggs Institute framework for scoping reviews. A search strategy with MeSH terms, where relevant, was used and adapted in five academic databases, two grey literature databases and Google Scholar. Included records encompassed four concepts: migration, CEE nationalities, UK nations and healthcare utilisation, which were written in English and published between May 2004 and 2022. Data from the literature were coded, grouped and organised into themes.ResultsA total of 16 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There is evidence that some CEE migrants exclusively use healthcare services in the United Kingdom. However, many CEE migrants utilise healthcare both in the United Kingdom and their country of origin. Four themes were identified from the literature as to why migrants travelled to their country of origin for healthcare: cultural expectations of medical services, distrust in the UK NHS, barriers and transnational ties.ConclusionPush factors led CEE migrants to seek healthcare in their country of origin, facilitated by ongoing transnational ties. CEE migrants frequently combine visits to their country of origin with medical appointments. Utilising healthcare in their country of origin as opposed to the United Kingdom can result in fragmented and incomplete records of medications, medical tests and surgeries and risk of unnecessary treatments and complications. This review highlights the need for more targeted health outreach with CEE groups within the United Kingdom, as well as the need for further research on the impact of national events, for example, COVID‐19 and Brexit, on transnational healthcare‐seeking behaviours.Patient or Public ContributionThe concept for this scoping review was informed by discussions with community members, medical professionals and academics, who identified it as a current issue. The results of this scoping review were discussed with healthcare stakeholders.
Immunophenotypic features of early haematopoietic and leukaemia stem cells
Authors: Reuvekamp Tom , Bachas Costa , Cloos Jacqueline 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany tumours are organised in a hierarchical structure with at its apex a cell that can maintain, establish, and repopulate the tumour—the cancer stem cell. The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the founder cell for all functional blood cells. Like HSCs, the leukaemia stem cells (LSC) are hypothesised to be the leukaemia‐initiating cells, which have features of stemness such as self‐renewal, quiescence, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Immunophenotypically, CD34+CD38− defines HSCs by adding lineage negativity and CD90+CD45RA−. At which stage of maturation the further differentiation is blocked, determines the type of leukaemia, and determines the immunophenotype of the LSC specific to the leukaemia type. No apparent LSC phenotype has been described in lymphoid leukaemia, and it is debated if a specific acute lymphocytic leukaemia‐initiating cell is present, as all cells are capable of engraftment in a secondary mouse model. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, a B‐cell clone is responsible for uncontrolled proliferation, not a specific LSC. In chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia, LSC is described as CD34+CD38− with the expression of a marker that is aberrantly expressed (LSC marker), such as CD45RA, CD123 or in the case of chronic myeloid leukaemia CD26. In acute myeloid leukaemia, the LSC load had prognostic relevance and might be a biomarker that can be used for monitoring and as an addition to measurable residual disease. However, challenges such as the CD34‐negative immunophenotype need to be explored.