bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Upper Colorado River Streamflow Declines Driven by Loss of Spring Precipitation
Authors: Hogan Daniel , Lundquist Jessica D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractColorado River streamflow has decreased 19% since 2000. Spring (March‐April‐May) weather strongly influences Upper Colorado River streamflow because it controls not only water input but also when snow melts and how much energy is available for evaporation when soils are wettest. Since 2000, spring precipitation decreased by 14% on average across 26 unregulated headwater basins, but this decrease did not fully account for the reduced streamflow. In drier springs, increases in energy from reduced cloud cover, and lowered surface albedo from earlier snow disappearance, coincided with potential evapotranspiration (PET) increases of up to 10%. Combining spring precipitation decreases with PET increases accounted for 67% of the variance in post‐2000 streamflow deficits. Streamflow deficits were most substantial in lower elevation basins (<2,950 m), where snowmelt occurred earliest, and precipitation declines were largest. Refining seasonal spring precipitation forecasts is imperative for future water availability predictions in this snow‐dominated water resource region.
Distinct protein patterns related to postnatal development in small for gestational age preterm infants
Authors: Smit Eva R. , Romijn Michelle , Langerhorst Pieter , van der Zwaan Carmen , van der Staaij Hilde , Rotteveel Joost , van Kaam Anton H. , Fustolo-Gunnink Suzanne F. , Hoogendijk Arie J. , Onland Wes , Finken Martijn J. J. , van den Biggelaar Maartje 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Preterm infants, especially those born small for gestational age (SGA), are at risk of short-term and long-term health complications. Characterization of changes in circulating proteins postnatally in preterm infants may provide valuable fundamental insights into this population. Here, we investigated postnatal developmental patterns in preterm infants and explored protein signatures that deviate between SGA infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants using a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics workflow.

Methods
Longitudinal serum samples obtained at postnatal days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 from 67 preterm infants were analyzed using unbiased MS-based proteomics.

Results
314 out of 833 quantified serum proteins change postnatally, including previously described age-related changes in immunoglobulins, hemoglobin subunits, and new developmental patterns, e.g. apolipoproteins (APOA4) and terminal complement cascade (C9) proteins. Limited differences between SGA and AGA infants were found at birth while longitudinal monitoring revealed 69 deviating proteins, including insulin-sensitizing hormone adiponectin, platelet proteins, and 24 proteins with an annotated function in the immune response.

Conclusions
This study shows the potential of MS-based serum profiling in defining circulating protein trajectories in the preterm infant population and its ability to identify longitudinal alterations in protein levels associated with SGA.

Impact

Postnatal changes of circulating proteins in preterm infants have not fully been elucidated but may contribute to development of health complications.

Mass spectrometry-based analysis is an attractive approach to study circulating proteins in preterm infants with limited material.

Longitudinal plasma profiling reveals postnatal developmental-related patterns in preterm infants (314/833 proteins) including previously described changes, but also previously unreported proteins.

Longitudinal monitoring revealed an immune response signature between SGA and AGA infants.

This study highlights the importance of taking postnatal changes into account for translational studies in preterm infants.
Barriers and facilitators to accessing oral healthcare for older people in the UK: a scoping review
Authors: Beaven Anna , Marshman Zoe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroduction Access to dental services is a growing problem for older people in the UK. The aim of this scoping review is to identify the barriers and facilitators influencing older people's ability to access oral healthcare in the UK based on the existing literature.Methods The scoping review followed the framework proposed by Levac and colleagues (2010). Peer-reviewed literature was retrieved in April 2023 from Web of Science, Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL for the period 1973-2023. After screening, data were extracted to identify barriers and facilitators mapped to individual, organisational and policy-level factors. The themes generated were used to identify gaps in the literature and policy recommendations.Results Overall, 27 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies published were from England; there was a large representation of opinion pieces. The main barriers and facilitators related to cost of services, perceptions of dentistry, availability of services and both the dental and social care workforce.Conclusion Multiple barriers exist surrounding access to dental care for older people. Various facilitators exist but not all are successful. More research needs to be carried out on older people's access to dental services in the community, particularly for the ‘oldest old' and minority groups.
Sumo-regulatory SENP2 controls the homeostatic squamous mitosis-differentiation checkpoint
Authors: Galán-Vidal Jesús , García-Gaipo Lorena , Molinuevo Rut , Dias Samantha , Tsoi Alex , Gómez-Román Javier , Elder James T. , Hochegger Helfrid , Gandarillas Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSquamous or epidermoid cancer arises in stratified epithelia but also is frequent in the non-epidermoid epithelium of the lung by unclear mechanisms. A poorly studied mitotic checkpoint drives epithelial cells bearing irreparable genetic damage into epidermoid differentiation. We performed an RNA-sequencing gene search to target unknown regulators of this response and selected the SUMO regulatory protein SENP2. Alterations of SENP2 expression have been associated with some types of cancer. We found the protein to be strongly localised to mitotic spindles of freshly isolated human epidermal cells. Primary cells rapidly differentiated after silencing SENP2 with specific shRNAs. Loss of SENP2 produced in synchronised epithelial cells delays in mitotic entry and exit and defects in chromosomal alignment. The results altogether strongly argue for an essential role of SENP2 in the mitotic spindle and hence in controlling differentiation. In addition, the expression of SENP2 displayed an inverse correlation with the immuno-checkpoint biomarker PD-L1 in a pilot collection of aggressive lung carcinomas. Consistently, metastatic head and neck cancer cells that do not respond to the mitosis-differentiation checkpoint were resistant to depletion of SENP2. Our results identify SENP2 as a novel regulator of the epithelial mitosis-differentiation checkpoint and a potential biomarker in epithelial cancer.
Region-selective and site-specific glycation of influenza proteins surrounding the viral envelope membrane
Authors: She Yi-Min , Jia Zongchao , Zhang Xu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnalysis of protein modifications is critical for quality control of therapeutic biologics. However, the identification and quantification of naturally occurring glycation of membrane proteins by mass spectrometry remain technically challenging. We used highly sensitive LC MS/MS analyses combined with multiple enzyme digestions to determine low abundance early-stage lysine glycation products of influenza vaccines derived from embryonated chicken eggs and cultured cells. Straightforward sequencing was enhanced by MS/MS fragmentation of small peptides. As a result, we determined a widespread distribution of lysine modifications attributed by the region-selectivity and site-specificity of glycation toward influenza matrix 1, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Topological analysis provides insights into the site-specific lysine glycation, localizing in the distinct structural regions of proteins surrounding the viral envelope membrane. Our finding highlights the proteome-wide discovery of lysine glycation of influenza membrane proteins and potential effects on the structural assembly, stability, receptor binding and enzyme activity, demonstrating that the impacts of accumulated glycation on the quality of products can be directly monitored by mass spectrometry-based structural proteomics analyses.
Dedicated climate ministries help to reduce carbon emissions
Authors: Limberg Julian , Steinebach Yves , Nyrup Jacob 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeveral countries have introduced dedicated national climate ministries in the last two decades. However, we know little about the consequences of these ministries. We demonstrate that the introduction of climate ministries helps to reduce carbon emissions. A difference-in-differences analysis of a global sample of countries reveals robust and statistically significant evidence that introducing a dedicated climate ministry lowers carbon emissions substantially. At the same time, establishing such climate ministries does not significantly influence the introduction of new climate policies. This indicates that climate ministries primarily amplify climate action by improving the effectiveness of the governmental measures taken rather than by increasing the number of climate policies themselves.
WIPI2b recruitment to phagophores and ATG16L1 binding are regulated by ULK1 phosphorylation
Authors: Gubas Andrea , Attridge Eleanor , Jefferies Harold BJ , Nishimura Taki , Razi Minoo , Kunzelmann Simone , Gilad Yuval , Mercer Thomas J , Wilson Michael M , Kimchi Adi , Tooze Sharon A 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne of the key events in autophagy is the formation of a double-membrane phagophore, and many regulatory mechanisms underpinning this remain under investigation. WIPI2b is among the first proteins to be recruited to the phagophore and is essential for stimulating autophagy flux by recruiting the ATG12–ATG5–ATG16L1 complex, driving LC3 and GABARAP lipidation. Here, we set out to investigate how WIPI2b function is regulated by phosphorylation. We studied two phosphorylation sites on WIPI2b, S68 and S284. Phosphorylation at these sites plays distinct roles, regulating WIPI2b’s association with ATG16L1 and the phagophore, respectively. We confirm WIPI2b is a novel ULK1 substrate, validated by the detection of endogenous phosphorylation at S284. Notably, S284 is situated within an 18-amino acid stretch, which, when in contact with liposomes, forms an amphipathic helix. Phosphorylation at S284 disrupts the formation of the amphipathic helix, hindering the association of WIPI2b with membranes and autophagosome formation. Understanding these intricacies in the regulatory mechanisms governing WIPI2b’s association with its interacting partners and membranes, holds the potential to shed light on these complex processes, integral to phagophore biogenesis.
M‐SSD based on anchor proposal and ResNet101 backbone for placental haemorrhage MRI detection
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Dong , Shao Faming , Dai Juying , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images can effectively show the placental haemorrhage area. In view of the special properties and real‐time detection requirements of placental haemorrhage MRI images, this paper has systematically improved the single‐shot multi‐box detector (SSD) target detection algorithm (M‐SSD). First, taking advantage of the particularity of the MRI image, the maximum stable extremum region (MSER) algorithm was used as the anchor proposal network which integrated the proposal information into the feature layer of SSD to avoid the hungry traversal of the original algorithm. Second, after the scale statistics of the placental haemorrhage area in MRI images, the bounding box matching the size of the placental haemorrhage area was redefined, in this way, the scale of the bounding box will have application pertinence, which can effectively improve the detection accuracy of the algorithm. Third, due to the small target property of the placental haemorrhage area in the MRI image, the VGG16 basic network in the original SSD was replaced by ResNet101, this made the algorithm have higher performance in small target detection. Finally, the Placental Haemorrhage MRI Detection Database (PHMD) has been built which is not only a base for this paper, but also for further research in this area.
Breakthrough design of power handling capability‐enhanced slotted oversized substrate‐integrated waveguide power divider/combiner considering corona and thermal effects
Authors: Souri Masoumeh , Masoumi Nasser , Mohammad‐Taheri Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn analysis and design of a new slotted power divider/combiner (PDC) that utilises an oversized substrate‐integrated waveguide (OS‐SIW) is presented to enhance power handling capability (PHC). It is interesting to note that, the power capability tolerance can be increased by increasing the width of structure and thickness of the substrate, although it may introduce higher‐order modes. The paper is focused on improving PHC of PDC that propagates only the TE10 mode while preventing the propagation of higher‐order modes. Additionally, the PHC of the proposed structure is studied in detail. The air breakdown or the corona effect is a physical phenomenon that limits the Peak Power Handling Capability (PPHC) of a device. In slotted microwave components, the corona effect plays a crucial role in determining the PPHC, and it is closely related to environmental conditions such as pressure. Another limiting factor is self‐heating, which affects the device's Average Power Handling Capability (APHC). The slotted OS‐SIW PDC is designed on Rogers RO4003 laminate with 32mil thickness, offering a low profile with an overall OS‐SIW PDC area of 170 × 55 mm2. The measured results of the fabricated PDC showcase a range of desirable features. Moreover, the proposed structure in power divider mode exhibits significant improvements in APHC compared to those of the conventional Substrate‐Integrated Waveguides structures, with respective enhancements of approximately 8.26% at 10 GHz (with a Fractional Band Width of 58.3%). These advantages are highly beneficial and hold great potential.
Improved weighting factor selection method of predictive torque control for PMSM
Authors: Liu Tao , Yu Yawei , Li Longnv , Xu Guxuan , Zhu Gaojia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the traditional predictive torque control strategy, the cost function considers two different control objectives: stator flux and torque. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably set the weighting factor to ensure that the optimal voltage vector is accurately selected during the control process, thereby achieving better torque and flux control performance. In view of the complex tuning process caused by traditional predictive torque control setting method of weighting factor, a new weighting factor selection method for permanent magnet synchronous motor control system is proposed in this paper. The derivation process is based on the equivalent transformation between the torque–flux prediction and the voltage vector prediction. If both the cost functions of the torque–flux and voltage vector reach their minimum values, the same output voltage vector will be selected. Compared with previous studies, the algorithm proposed in this paper can find the precise location of the optimal weighting factor without changing the form of the cost function, which simplifies the parameter tuning process. Experimental results are also provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The Efficacy of Physical Fitness Training on Dance Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dang Yanan , Chen Ruoling , Koutedakis Yannis , Wyon Matthew Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreater levels of physical fitness have been linked to improved dance performance and decreased injury incidence. The aim was to review the efficacy of physical fitness training on dance injury. The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were used to search peer-reviewed published articles in English or Chinese. Studies were scored using Strength of the Evidence for a Conclusion and a risk bias checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial 2450 publications. These studies offered physical fitness training for professional (n = 3) and pre-professional dancers (n = 7), participant sample size ranged between 5 to 62, ages from 11 to 27 years, and most participants were females. Assessment scores were classified as Fair (n = 1), Limited (n = 7), and Expert Opinion Only (n = 2) and risk of bias scores ranged from 22.7–68.2 %. After physical fitness training, 80 % of studies reported significant benefits in injury rate, the time between injuries, pain intensity, pain severity, missed dance activities and injury count. This review suggests that physical fitness training could have a beneficial effect on injury incidence in dance. The evidence is limited by the current study methodologies.
Proprioceptive Sensation Levels of The Elbows of Physically Disabled Athletes
Authors: Yildiz Muhammed , Çebi Mehmet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare elbow joint proprioception measurements between physically disabled individuals who are active in sports and those who are not. The study included 30 athletes, 30 sedentary individuals, 30 physically disabled athletes, and 30 physically disabled sedentary individuals as volunteers. Elbow joint proprioception measurements were conducted using a sensitive digital goniometer with a precision of 1 degree. The joint position sense test method was used to perform the active angle repetition technique. Target angles were determined to be 30°, 60°, and 120°. A significant difference was observed in the comparison of proprioception between the dominant and non-dominant elbow joints of athletes and physically disabled sedentary individuals (p<0.05). Elbow joint proprioception was found to be highest in physically disabled athletes at the target angles. Conversely, the lowest elbow joint proprioception levels were found in physically disabled sedentary patients compared with the other groups.
Isokinetische Krafttestung bei unterschiedlichen biomechanischen Anforderungen an die Rumpfkraft – Vergleich von militärischen Leistungssportlern und Soldaten mit dienstlich bedingt hoher körperlicher Beanspruchung
Authors: Weber-Spickschen Thomas Sanjay , Geißler Daniel , Lison Andreas , Schulze Christoph 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAnthropometrische Daten (Gewicht, Körpergröße, BMI, Taillenumfang und WHtR) und das männliche Geschlecht korrelieren positiv mit der Rumpfkraft, das Alter hingegen negativ.Für Profisportler, bei denen keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der genannten anthropometrischen Daten vorliegen, gibt es bislang kaum Studien, die die isometrische Rumpfkraft im Sitzen in verschiedenen Sportarten untereinander quantitativ vergleichen.Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei militärischen Leistungssportlern und Soldaten mit dienstlich bedingt hoher körperlicher Beanspruchung die Rumpfkraft hinsichtlich möglicher Unterschiede zu analysieren. Hierfür wurden militärische Fallschirmsprungsportler (n=28), militärische Fünfkämpfer (n=34) und Soldaten aus einem Skizug (Skitourengeher) (n=38) hinsichtlich der im Sitzen gemessenen isokinetischen Rumpfkraft verglichen. Neben der deskriptiven Statistik und Normalverteilungsanalyse von Anthropometrie und isokinetischen Messwerten wurden die isokinetischen Messwerte sowie die gewichtsadaptierten isokinetischen Messwerte der verschiedenen Sportlergruppen mittels ANOVA und Welch-ANOVA auf Unterschiede untersucht.Es zeigte sich, dass die Skitourengeher signifikant größere Werte in der Flexion Peak Torque aufwiesen als die militärischen Fünfkämpfer und Fallschirmspringer. Auch gewichtsadaptiert waren die Werte signifikant größer gegenüber den Fünfkämpfern, aber nicht signifikant größer im Vergleich zu den Fallschirmspringern. Für die Extension Peak Torque zeigte sich, dass die militärischen Fünfkämpfer signifikant geringere Werte gegenüber den Skitourengehern und in der gewichtsadaptierten Analyse signifikant geringere Werte gegenüber den Fallschirmspringern aufwiesen. Diese Studie konnte zeigen, dass bei hochtrainierten Sportlern möglicherweise beanspruchungsinduziert signifikante Unterschiede in der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft auftreten.Vor diesem Hintergrund könnten sportartspezifische quantitative Analysen der isokinetischen Rumpfkraft im Spitzensport genutzt werden, um gezielte Trainingsprogramme zum Ausgleich von Defiziten mit dem Ziel der Leistungssteigerung und Prävention zu entwickeln.
Ausleitende Verfahren bei Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Matejka Rainer 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAusleitende Verfahren sind eine alternative Behandlungsmethode, die dabei hilft, ausleitungspflichtige
Stoffwechselzwischen- und -endprodukte, also etwas Überschüssiges, aus dem Körper zu befördern. Dazu
gehören beispielsweise Aderlass, Schröpfen oder Baunscheidtieren, aber auch Heilfasten, die Einhaltung
diätetischer Empfehlungen sowie regulative Verfahren wie die Akupunktmassage nach Penzel und manuelle
Lymphdrainagen. Da Schmerz auch immer eine subjektive Komponente in sich trägt und im emotionalen Teil
des Gehirns gespeichert wird, müssen auch psychische Anteile der Patienten berücksichtigt werden. Dieses
„Zuviel“ spricht in der Praxis sehr gut auf ausleitende Verfahren an und kann bei Kopfschmerzen
erfolgreich eingesetzt werden, um die Symptomatik zu lindern und deren Häufigkeit zu senken. Der Beitrag
zeigt hierzu einige Anwendungsbeispiele.
Differenzialtherapie von Kopfschmerzen im Ayurveda
Authors: Gupta Hedwig 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Ayurveda werden Kopfschmerzen als ein Ungleichgewicht der Doshas betrachtet. Unter dem Begriff
„shiroroga“ werden 11 verschiedene Kopfschmerzformen klassifiziert, für die es differenzierte und z. T.
in Studien als wirksam bestätigte therapeutische Möglichkeiten gibt. Bei korrekter Diagnosestellung und
sinnvoller Behandlungsstrategie bietet der Ayurveda effiziente und nebenwirkungsfreie
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten von Kopfschmerzen. Die Behandlung zielt darauf ab, das Gleichgewicht der Doshas
wiederherzustellen. Dies kann durch verschiedene Methoden wie Kräutermedizin, Ernährungsumstellung, Yoga,
Meditation und Reinigungsverfahren erreicht werden. Typische ayurvedische Ansätze zur Behandlung von
Kopfschmerzen umfassen die Verwendung von Kräutern, die Förderung einer gesunden Ernährung und
Lebensweise sowie die Anpassung des individuellen Lebensstils gemäß den ayurvedischen Prinzipien.
Ayurvedische Therapien können auch in Kombination mit schulmedizinischen Behandlungen eingesetzt
werden.