bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy for Designing In Vivo Dose–Response Comparison Studies
Authors: Novick Steven , Zhang Tianhui 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn preclinical drug discovery, at the step of lead optimization of a compound, in vivo experimentation can differentiate several compounds in terms of efficacy and potency in a biological system of whole living organisms. For the lead optimization study, it may be desirable to implement a dose–response design so that compound comparisons can be made from nonlinear curves fitted to the data. A dose–response design requires more thought relative to a simpler study design, needing parameters for the number of doses, the dose values, and the sample size per dose. This tutorial illustrates how to calculate statistical power, choose doses, and determine sample size per dose for a comparison of two or more dose–response curves for a future in vivo study.
Quantifying the impact of post‐acute sequelae of coronavirus on the cardiopulmonary endurance of athletes
Authors: Lubarsky Daniel , Clark Daniel E. , Crum Kimberly , Karpinos Ashley , Austin Eric D. , Soslow Jonathan H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost‐acute sequelae of Coronavirus (PASC), or Long COVID, has emerged as a critical health concern. The clinical manifestations of PASC have been described, but studies have not quantified the cardiopulmonary effects. The goal of this study was to quantify PASC cardiopulmonary changes among endurance athletes. Endurance athletes were recruited via social media; 45 met inclusion criteria, 32 had PASC and 13 were asymptomatic at 3 months (control). Comprehensive interviews were conducted to assess: cardiopulmonary symptoms at 3 months; quantitative and qualitative changes in cardiovascular endurance; exercise hours per week at baseline and 3 months; and Modified Oslo, Dyspnea, and EQ‐5D‐5L scales. All collected data was based on self‐reported symptoms. Wilcoxon rank sum compared PASC with control to distinguish the effects of PASC vs effects of COVID infection/lockdown. PASC subjects were more likely to be female (Table). The most common 3‐month symptoms in PASC were fatigue and shortness of breath. Based on self‐reported data, subjects endorsed a median decrease of 27% in cardiopulmonary endurance levels compared with 0% in controls (p = 0.0019). PASC subjects exercised less hours and had worse self‐reported health as compared with controls. PASC subjects also had significantly worse Modified Oslo, Dyspnea, and EQ‐5D‐5L scores. Of the 32 PASC patients, 10 (31%) reported a complete inability to engage in any cardiovascular endurance exercise at 3 months. PASC leads to a significant, quantifiable decrease in cardiopulmonary health and endurance.
Neuroadaptive‐based fixed‐time control for robotic manipulators with uniform prescribed performance under unknown disturbance
Authors: Liu Chengguo , Li Junyang , He Ye , Jing Anyan , Li Longnan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAchieving faster convergence, smaller transient overshoots, and higher steady‐state tracking accuracy is essential to improve the efficiency, robustness, and applicability of robotic manipulators. This article introduces an innovative adaptive fixed‐time uniform prescribed performance controller for the manipulator facing model uncertainties and unknown disturbances. Initially, by designing a modified prescribed performance function inspired by variable superposition, this study redefines the unified prescribed performance control problem into a simplified parameter selection problem. This approach allows for the incorporation of varied performance metrics within a singular control scheme, addressing both transient and steady‐state performances concurrently without shifting control frameworks. Then, to alleviate computational demands, an adaptive neural network employing a single‐parameter weight update technique compensates for uncertainties of the manipulator dynamic model. Additionally, a disturbance observer is designed to mitigate the impact of non‐parametric disturbances. Moreover, integrating fixed‐time theory with the Lyapunov stability analysis method guarantees the convergence of all error signals to a near‐zero compact neighborhood at a fixed time. Finally, the advantages and comprehensive performance of the proposed method are confirmed by numerical simulations and real‐world experiments.
Event‐triggered leader‐following consensus of multi‐agent systems with guaranteed performance specifications
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Hou Hailiang , Hu Wenfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article investigates the leader‐following consensus problem for second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) with guaranteed performance specifications. First, some event‐triggered strategies are introduced for systems with and without disturbances, which can effectively reduce the frequency of controllers' update and no Zeno‐behavior is occurred. Especially, the self‐triggered strategy proposed for MASs without disturbances does not require continuous communication between agents. Second, based on Lyapunov theory, we have demonstrated that the proposed distributed controllers can achieve the predefined performance specifications of the system, that is, the position tracking error can meet the steady‐state error accuracy requirements within an appointed time, while ensuring that the cumulative position difference (CPD) converges to the region specified by the performance function. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical results is demonstrated through simulation experiments.
Discovery of Piperazin‐2‐yl‐pyrimidines as Anticancer Agents via Targeting JNK Signaling Pathway in Human MCF‐7 Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Shivakumar Rashmi , Sethi Gautam , Manikanta Kurnegala , Xi Zhang , Ravish Akshay , Uppar Pradeep M. , Deveshegowda Suresha N. , Kumar Arun M. , Basappa Shreeja , Bhol Chandra Sekhar , Gaonkar Santosh L. , Kemparaju Kempaiah , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Lobie Peter E. , Pandey Vijay , Basappa Basappa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in women, and targeting biological pathways such as the JNK pathway has proven to be a viable therapeutic target for BC therapy. Here, we synthesized piperazin‐2‐yl‐pyrimidines and evaluated them for anticancer activity against MCF‐7 cells. In addition, antioxidant, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition, caspase activity, and toxicity in platelets were studied in the presence and absence of active compound IA‐6 or IA‐7. Our detailed experimental analysis found that the compound IA‐7 showed anticancer activity by either activating p‐JNK or by inducing radical species in cancer and thrombosis model. Evident to in vitro analysis, the structure based molecular interaction studies of binding of IA‐7 to JNK3S exhibited a significant binding energy of −7.56 kcal/mol which was found to be a better binder when compared to previously reported JNK inducer (PC‐12). Overall, we herein report the analytically pure IA‐7 as lead structure that could be used as a template to develop target based anticancer agents where JNK modulation is predominant.
Suppressing Formation of Zn─Mn─O Phases by In Situ Ti Decoration of MnO2 for Long Lifespan MnO2‐Zn Battery
Authors: Duan Qiaohui , Zheng Yiyi , Zhou Yu , Dong Shuyu , Ku Calvin , Sit Patrick H.‐L. , Yu Denis Y. W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMildly‐acidic MnO2‐Zn batteries are considered as a promising alternative for large‐scale energy storage systems for their low toxicity, high safety, and low cost. Though, the degradation of MnO2 with cycling still hinders the further development of the batteries. In this study, it is observed that the decrease in available capacity of MnO2 with charge and discharge is accompanied by a structural transformation with the emergence of Zn─Mn─O phases. An electrodeposition test indicates that the Zn─Mn─O phase is formed from a co‐precipitation of Zn and Mn during the charge process. Further, the structural change of MnO2 is suppressed and its cycle stability is improved with the addition of TiOSO4 as a facile electrolyte additive. As a result, under a current of 1200 mA g−1, the MnO2 electrode still gives a capacity of 230 mAh g−1 for over 1500 cycles. Capacity retention is 75% after 10 000 cycles under a current rate of 4800 mA g−1. These findings provide fundamental insights on the degradation mechanism of MnO2 and a new strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of aqueous MnO2‐Zn batteries.
Residue‐Free Orally Administered Drug Carrier Based on a Porous Aromatic Framework for Efficient Multisite Treatment
Authors: Xi Enpeng , Zhao Yun , Liu Kangning , Ding Qi , Yang Fuming , Gao Nan , Sun Hanjun , Yuan Ye , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNowadays, oral medications are the primary method of treating disease due to their convenience, low cost, and safety, without the need for complex medical procedures. To maximize treatment effectiveness, almost all oral medications utilize drug carriers, such as capsules, liposomes, and sugar coatings. However, these carriers rely on dissolution or fragmentation to achieve drug release, which leads to drugs and carriers coabsorption in the body, causing unnecessary adverse drug reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and even death caused by allergy. Therefore, the ideal oral drug carrier should avoid degradation and absorption and be totally excreted after drug release at the desired location. Herein, a gastrointestinally stable oral drug carrier based on porous aromatic framework‐1 (PAF‐1) is constructed, and it is modified with famotidine (a well‐known gastric drug) and mesalazine (a well‐known ulcerative colitis drug) to verify the excellent potential of PAF‐1. The results demonstrate that PAF‐1 can accurately release famotidine in stomach, mesalazine in the intestine, and finally be completely excreted from the body without any residue after 12 h. The use of PAF materials for the construction of oral drug carriers with no residue in the gastrointestinal tract provides a new approach for efficient disease treatment.
Blockchain‐driven IoT solutions in agriculture
Authors: Kataev Mikhail , Bulysheva Larisa , Krupskiy Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes a network of physical objects, including devices and systems, capable of intercommunication both among themselves and with external systems via the Internet. Its applications span across various sectors such as manufacturing, medicine, commerce, security, forestry and agriculture. The application of IoT in agriculture involves gathering data from diverse sensors, offering timely and precise solutions. This technology facilitates the reduction of manual labour involved in tasks like animal monitoring, greenhouse management and field surveillance. Integrated sensors within the IoT framework enable the collection of data pertaining to soil, air, water, animal tracking, plant growth and other relevant metrics. Nevertheless, the swift evolution of IoT presents a susceptibility to unauthorized access and compromises in data security. To address this concern, the utilization of blockchain technology has been recommended. This paper proposes a novel IoT architecture integrated with blockchain technology to enhance data security in agricultural applications. A detailed schematic has been devised and implemented in software to illustrate this approach.
Investigating the flexural behavior of ASR‐damaged RC beam through internal stress and cracking development using 3D Rigid Body Spring Model
Authors: Luo Jie , Nagai Kohei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe alkali‐silica reaction (ASR) is one of the durability issues that affect the safety of concrete structures. Numerical simulation is useful for monitoring the internal condition of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure with ASR damage and predicting its long‐term behavior. Since discrete methods of simulation suit situations where concrete undergoes durability issues associated with expansion and cracking, a mesoscale discrete analysis method known as the three‐dimensional Rigid Body Spring Model (3D RBSM), as already used to simulate concrete ASR damage at the material scale, has been further developed to simulate ASR damage at the structural scale. In this development, the aggregate is not separately modeled and expansive elements are included to simulate ASR expansion, allowing a larger element size (1–2 cm). The number of elements and computation time are reduced to less than 1%. This proposed model is used to simulate ASR damage in a RC beam and the beam's residual flexural capacity. The simulation allows the internal stress and cracking condition to be visualized, leading to an explanation as to why the loading capacity of a RC beam is not affected by ASR damage: first, almost no cracks form at the core of the beam section due to the stirrup confinement, so the effective depth of the cross section is maintained after ASR damage; second, the tensile reinforcements have already yielded although ASR damage exists. Besides, the inhibited development of shear cracks may be one of the reasons for the slight improvement of flexural capacity of the damaged‐RC beam in experiment and simulation.
Tuning on passive interfacial cooling of covalent organic framework hydrogel for enhancing freshwater and electricity generation
Authors: Wu Jianfei , Cui Ziwei , Su Yuxuan , Wu Dongfang , Hu Jundie , Qu Jiafu , Li Jianzhang , Kang Fangyuan , Tian Dan , Zhang Qichun , Cai Yahui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping an efficient freshwater and electricity co‐generation device (FECGD) can solve the shortage of freshwater and electricity. However, the poor salt resistance and refrigeration properties of the materials for FECGD put big challenges in the efficient and stable operation of these devices. To address these issues, we propose the covalent organic framework (COF) confined co‐polymerization strategy to prepare COF‐modified acrylamide cationic hydrogels (ACH‐COF), where hydrogen bonding interlocking between negatively charged polymer chains and COF pores can form a salt resistant hydrogel for stabilizing tunable passive interfacial cooling (TPIC). The FECPDs based on the TPIC and salt resistance of ACH‐COF display a maximum output power density of 2.28 W m−2, which is 4.3 times higher than that of a commercial thermoelectric generator under one solar radiation. The production rate of freshwater can reach 2.74 kg m−2 h−1. Our results suggest that the high efficiency and scalability of the FECGD can hold the promise of alleviating freshwater and power shortages.
Distal forelimb radiographic bone morphology in Thoroughbred foals during the first 10 months post‐partum. Part 1: Carpus
Authors: Son Jung K. , De Paz Patroys , Kim Jihyun , Sanaei Reza , Seungho Ryu , Bailey Simon , Davies Helen M. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of carpal injury in racehorses may be related to the morphology, yet whether carpal morphologies are set from birth or change through growth remains unclear.ObjectiveTo quantify carpal bone changes through growth.MethodTwenty privately owned Thoroughbred foals born between January 2022 and May 2023 were radiographed bimonthly from birth to 10 months of age. Imprint training was used to take radiographs safely without chemical restraints. Fifteen individual and 11 relative angular carpal parameters were measured using ImageJ on dorsopalmar radiographs of the carpus at zero degrees of vertical and horizontal rotation. Associations with age (growth), sex and the differences between left and right limbs were analysed separately using a linear mixed effects model.ResultsSix individual carpal parameters changed with age (radial carpal joint [RCJ], Prx.dor. radial carpal [Cr], Prx.Cu, Dis.dor. third carpal [C3], Dis.pal.C3 and Dis.pal. intermediate carpal), and one was influenced by side, that is higher in the left carpus (Dis.pal.Cr). Seven relative parameters changed with age, and one relative parameter was influenced by side, that is higher in the left (Ra.met‐RCJ). The proximo‐dorsal bone surface angle of Cr and disto‐dorsal bone surface angle of C3 became flatter over time, which may be associated with the re‐direction of the load towards the sagittal carpal plane. Sex did not influence any of the carpal parameters, nor did the combined effect of age, side of the limb and sex.ConclusionSpecific individual and relative angular carpal parameters changed significantly over time and some differed between the left and right limb, whereas other parameters did not change. The steeper carpal bone angles achieved proximally with the parameters that did change may improve stability by redirecting the load more medially through the carpus and the proximal and distal bones.
Workplace stressor factors, profiles and the relationship to career stage in UK veterinarians, veterinary nurses and students
Authors: Spendelow Jason , Cripwell Clare , Stott Rebecca , Francis Kathryn , Powell Jenny , Cavanagh Kate , Corbett Ruth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundVeterinary professionals experience higher psychological distress and lower wellbeing compared with the general population. Identifying workplace stressors is key to understanding and alleviating these difficulties.ObjectiveIdentify the severity of workplace stressors in veterinary professions across different levels of professional experience.MethodA cross‐sectional quantitative design was utilised via administration of a veterinary stressor questionnaire that measured the severity of 93 generic and veterinary‐specific workplace stressors.ResultsA total of 658 participants reported stressor severity score. Factor analysis revealed four main stressor categories: workload and job demands, client relations stress, performance and accountability, patient care challenges. An inverse relationship was found between experience level and stressor severity scores. Furthermore, the most severe stressors varied as a function of career stage.Findings and implicationsStressor severity tends to decrease with increasing experience levels. Stressors can be categorised by theme and unique stressor profiles can be derived for practitioners according to experience level. This knowledge can assist in the design and delivery of workplace support initiatives.ConclusionsIdentify key stressors across different levels of experience is important in focusing efforts to support people in the workplace.
Estimating fox abundance using the simultaneous count method
Authors: Armstrong Graeme , McSorley Adam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFeral foxes Vulpes vulpes are a major threat to Australian wildlife and assessing the success of control programs requires comparison of abundance before and after control. While camera traps are often used to assess fox activity, estimating abundance is difficult due to the inability to distinguish individuals requiring an “unmarked” methodology. We tested the “simultaneous count method” which requires samples to be independent during the sampling period, that is, 24 h, while allowing lack of independence between sampling periods. This enables repeat detections of animals to estimate abundance. We tested the method on camera data collected over 5 years at Oolambeyan National Park, New South Wales, during a fox control program and conclude that the method has merit. We were able to statistically measure an effect of change in abundance from a median of 57 to 2, however, estimation of detectability was erratic.
High-Tech für’s Lastenrad: Die Beispiele Automatisierung und Brennstoffzellen
Authors: Schmidt Stephan , Schulze Mathias , Kania Malte 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungMikromobile, insbesondere Lastenräder, haben sich als vielversprechende Lösung für die städtische Mobilität und Logistik etabliert. Um jedoch langfristig relevant und effektiv zu bleiben, müssen sie sich den ständig wandelnden Anforderungen einer zukunftsorientierten Stadtlogistik anpassen. Dieses Kapitel beleuchtet, wie die Integration von Automatisierung und Brennstoffzellentechnologie in Lastenräder nicht nur deren Effizienz und Umweltfreundlichkeit steigert, sondern sie auch als nachhaltige Alternative im städtischen Lieferverkehr positioniert. Es werden sowohl technische als auch praktische Aspekte dieser Innovationen untersucht, um ein umfassendes Bild der nächsten Generation von Mikromobilen in urbanen Räumen zu zeichnen.
Die Renaissance des Lastenrads
Authors: Assmann Tom , Seissler Martin , Braun Luise 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungLastenräder und Radlogistik werden seit ca. 10 Jahren als Lösungsraum für die urbane Logistik wiederendeckt. Dieses Kapitel stellt kurz dar, in welchen Nischen das Transportmittel die Zeit nach dem 2. Weltkrieg überdauert hat und zeichnet danach die Stationen und Ereignisse der Renaissance nach. Abgeschlossen wird mit einem Blick auf die aktuelle Marktsituation in Deutschland.
Efficacy and safety of the serratus anterior plane block (SAP block) for pain management in patients with multiple rib fractures in the emergency department: a retrospective study
Authors: Serra Sossio , Santonastaso Domenico Pietro , Romano Giuseppe , Riccardi Alessandro , Nigra Stefano Geniere , Russo Emanuele , Angelini Mario , Agnoletti Vanni , Guarino Mario , Cimmino Claudia Sara , Spampinato Michele Domenico , Francesconi Raffella , Iaco Fabio De 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Chest trauma is a severe and frequent cause of admission to the emergency department (ED). The serratus anterior plane (SAP) block seems to be an effective method of pain management; however, data on efficacy and safety of a single SAP block performed in the ED by emergency physicians (EP) are limited. This study aimed to compare SAP block performed by the EP in the ED plus standard therapy to standard therapy alone in terms of pain severity at 0-3-6-12-18 and 24 h, total opioid consumption (milligrams of morphine equivalents, MME), respiratory function (SpO2/FiO2 ratio), and adverse events (i.e. pneumothorax, infections in the site of injection, or Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity syndrome due to SAP block) in the first 24 h.

Methods
This retrospective, monocentric study included adult patients admitted to the Sub-intensive Care Unit (SICU) of the ED with multiple rib fractures between 01/2022 and 03/2023.

Results
156 patients (65.4% male; median age 62 years; median injury severity score 16; median thoracic trauma severity score 8) were included. 75 (48.2%) underwent SAP block. Patients undergoing SAP block showed significantly less pain 3–6–18 h after a single block, required less MME (0 [0–20] vs. 20 [0–40], p < 0.001), showed higher SpO2/FiO2 ratio, and no adverse events were reported.

Conclusion
The SAP block, in combination with standard therapy, appeared to be more effective in providing pain relief than standard therapy alone in patients admitted to the SICU for traumatic rib fractures.