bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoactive Nanocrystals by Low‐Temperature Welding of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles and Indium Sulfide Nanosheets
Authors: Lim Hui Min , Tan Jia Yi , Batabyal Sudip K. , Magdassi Shlomo , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Wong Lydia H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe successfully utilize the concept of coalescence and room‐temperature sintering to prepare morphologically different nanoparticles. n‐Type chalcogenide (CuIn5S8) nanocrystals are synthesized at room temperature by simple mixing of oppositely charged precursor nanoparticles. The coalescence of polycation‐coated CuS nanoparticles and negatively charged In2S3 nanoplates is driven by close contact of the particles due to electrostatic interactions. Analysis by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, and Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of single‐phase CuIn5S8 without traceable secondary phase. In a photovoltaic device, the use of the coalesced particles yields a power conversion efficiency of 1.8 %.
Triple‐Conducting Layered Perovskites as Cathode Materials for Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Sengodan Sivaprakash , Kwon Goeun , Ding Dong , Shin Jeeyoung , Liu Meilin , Kim Guntae 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report on an excellent anode‐supported H+‐SOFC material system using a triple conducting (H+/O2−/e−) oxide (TCO) as a cathode material for H+‐SOFCs. Generally, mixed ionic (O2−) and electronic conductors (MIECs) have been selected as the cathode material of H+‐SOFCs. In an H+‐SOFC system, however, MIEC cathodes limit the electrochemically active sites to the interface between the proton conducting electrolyte and the cathode. New approaches to the tailoring of cathode materials for H+‐SOFCs should therefore be considered. TCOs can effectively extend the electrochemically active sites from the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte to the entire surface of the cathode. The electrochemical performance of NBSCF/BZCYYb/BZCYYb‐NiO shows excellent long term stability for 500 h at 1023 K with high power density of 1.61 W cm−2.
Development of a SO3H‐Functionalized UiO‐66 Metal–Organic Framework by Postsynthetic Modification and Studies of Its Catalytic Activities
Authors: Luan Yi , Zheng Nannan , Qi Yue , Yu Jie , Wang Ge 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel metal–organic framework UiO‐66‐NH2‐derived Brønsted acid catalyst was synthesized on a gram scale by employing a postsynthetic modification strategy under mild conditions. The nanomorphology of the catalyst was designed and developed to enhance its catalytic performance. Acetalization and benzimidazole formation were evaluated to demonstrate the high reactivity and selectivity of the nanoscaled UiO‐66‐NH‐RSO3H catalyst, which were found to be comparable to the reactivity and selectivity of the strong homogeneous Brønsted acid catalyst. Furthermore, the UiO‐66‐NH‐RSO3H catalyst was recycled several times without compromising the yield and selectivity.
Tetranuclear Nickel and Cobalt Complexes with an Incomplete Double‐Cubane Structure – Homo‐ and Heterometallic Complexes and Their 1D Coordination Polymers
Authors: Nakajima Takayuki , Seto Keiko , Scheurer Andreas , Kure Bunsho , Kajiwara Takashi , Tanase Tomoaki , Mikuriya Masahiro , Sakiyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe reactions of M(OAc)2·4H2O (M = Ni, Co) with three unsymmetrical amine‐diol ligands RN(CH2CH2OH)(CH2CH2CH2OH) (H2Ln: n = 1, R = benzyl; n = 2, R = 4‐methylbenzyl; n = 3, R = 2‐naphthalenylmethyl) in the presence of NEt3 or pyridine in MeOH or BnOH gave the tetranuclear complexes [M4(HLn)2(OAc)6(MeOH)2] {M = Ni, n = 1 (1a), 2 (1b), 3 (1c); M = Co, n = 1 (4a), 2 (4b), 3 (4c)} and [M4(HLn)2(OAc)6(BnOH)2] {M = Ni, n = 1 (2a), 2 (2b), 3 (2c); M = Co, n = 1 (5a), 2 (5b), 3 (5c)}. When p‐xylene‐α,α′‐diol was used instead of monoalcohols, the tetranuclear {M4O6} units were linked by p‐xylene‐α,α′‐diol to form the 1D coordination polymers [M4(HLn)2(OAc)6(p‐HOCH2C6H4CH2OH)]m {M = Ni, n = 1 (3a), 2 (3b); M = Co, n = 1 (6a), 2 (6b)}. The structures of 1–6 were determined by X‐ray crystallography and consist of centrosymmetrical tetranuclear {M4O6} face‐shared defective double‐cubane cores supported by two monodeprotonated (HLn)– ligands. The mixed‐metal tetranuclear complexes [Ni2.2Co1.8(HL1)2(OAc)6(MeOH)2] (7) and [Mn1.7Ni2.3(HL1)2(OAc)5(OMe)2] (8) were also synthesized by using equimolar amounts of Ni2+ and M2+ (M = Co, Mn) ions. X‐ray crystallographic and fluorescent analyses revealed that 7 is isomorphous with 1a and 4a and contains nonstoichiometric amounts of disordered Ni2+ and Co2+ ions in an average ratio of 2.2:1.8 with different occupancies for the two crystallographically independent metal centers. In contrast, 8 consists of a C2‐symmetrical face‐shared defective double‐cubane {MII3MnIIIO6} core with a Ni/Mn ratio of 2.3:1.7; the amounts of Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions vary depending on the metal sites, and one of the C2 axial positions is exclusively occupied by Mn3+ ions. Detailed magnetostructural analyses on the nickel (1a, 2a, 3a) and cobalt (4a) complexes with appropriate spin‐Hamiltonian models showed that both ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic spin exchange interactions were involved within the tetranuclear units, and their extent depends on the combination of the metal ions and the ligand systems in a delicate fashion.
A Concise Atroposelective Formal Synthesis of (–)‐Steganone
Authors: Yalcouye Boubacar , Choppin Sabine , Panossian Armen , Leroux Frédéric R. , Colobert Françoise 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe describe herein the atroposelective formal synthesis of (–)‐steganone, a parent member of Steganotaenia araliacea dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan lactones. Our synthesis features an atropodiastereoselective biaryl Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with de up to 99 % using as a chiral auxiliary an enantiopure and efficiently converted β‐hydroxy sulfoxide derivative.
Highly sensitive detection of five typical fluoroquinolones in low‐fat milk by field‐enhanced sample injection‐based CE in bubble cell capillary
Authors: Deng Yan , Gasilova Natalia , Qiao Liang , Zhou Ying‐Lin , Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Girault Hubert H. 
Published: August 2014

Fluoroquinolones are a group of synthetic antibiotics with a broad activity spectrum against mycoplasma, Gram‐positive, and Gram‐negative bacteria. Due to the extensive use of fluoroquinolones in farming and veterinary science, there is a constant need in the analytical methods able to efficiently monitor their residues in food products of animal origin, regulated by Commission Regulation (European Union) no. 37/2010. Herein, field‐enhanced sample injection for sample stacking prior the CZE separation was developed inside a bubble cell capillary for highly sensitive detection of five typical fluoroquinolones in bovine milk. Ethylenediamine was proposed as the main component of BGE for the antibiotics separation. The effect of BGE composition, injection parameters, and water plug length on the field‐enhanced sample injection‐based CE with UV detection was investigated. Under the optimized conditions, described field‐enhanced sample injection‐based CE‐UV analysis of fluoroquinolones provides LODs varying from 0.4 to 1.3 ng/mL. These LOD values are much lower (from 460 to 1500 times) than those obtained by a conventional CE in a standard capillary without bubble cell. The developed method was finally applied for the analysis of fluoroquinolones in low‐fat milk from a Swiss supermarket. Sample recovery values from 93.6 to 106.0% for different fluoroquinolones, and LODs from 0.7 to 2.5 μg/kg, were achieved. Moreover, the proposed ethylenediamine‐based BGE as volatile and compatible with MS system, enabled the coupling of the field‐enhanced sample injection‐based CE with a recently introduced electrostatic spray ionization MS via an iontophoretic fraction collection interface for qualitative fluoroquinolones identification.
Patent Analysis of Shale Gas Technology in China and Implications for its Exploitation
Authors: Zhang Mier , Guo Wei , Lei Zhen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChina has made significant progress in developing new energy sources such as solar energy and wind power in recent decades. However, commercial exploitation of shale gas in China is in the very early stages, in sharp contrast to that in the United States. Patents related to shale gas exploitation are analyzed by using data mining and patent maps. The findings show that shale gas exploitation involves complex technologies that technological accumulation is a long‐term process. Despite decades of rapid growth, significant technology gaps still exist for Chinese enterprises and technological factors could be the bottleneck of China’s exploitation of its massive shale gas resources. Meanwhile, foreign enterprises have applied for a large number of patents in China. Chinese enterprises might have to obtain licenses from foreign patent holders, which could have important implications for shale gas exploitation in China.
Considering river structure and stability in the light of evolution: feedbacks between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphology
Authors: Corenblit Dov , Davies Neil S. , Steiger Johannes , Gibling Martin R. , Bornette Gudrun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRiver ecological functioning can be conceptualized according to a four‐dimensional framework, based on the responses of aquatic and riparian communities to hydrogeomorphic constraints along the longitudinal, transverse, vertical and temporal dimensions of rivers. Contemporary riparian vegetation responds to river dynamics at ecological timescales, but riparian vegetation, in one form or another, has existed on Earth since at least the Middle Ordovician (c. 450 Ma) and has been a significant controlling factor on river geomorphology since the Late Silurian (c. 420 Ma). On such evolutionary timescales, plant adaptations to the fluvial environment and the subsequent effects of these adaptations on fluvial sediment and landform dynamics resulted in the emergence, from the Silurian to the Carboniferous, of a variety of contrasted fluvial biogeomorphic types where water flow, morphodynamics and vegetation interacted to different degrees. Here we identify several of these types and describe the consequences for biogeomorphic structure and stability (i.e. resistance and resilience), along the four river dimensions, of feedbacks between riparian plants and hydrogeomorphic processes on contrasting ecological and evolutionary timescales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PARP1 expression in mantle cell lymphoma: the utility of PARP1 immunohistochemistry and its relationship with markers of DNA damage
Authors: Mahe Etienne , Akhter Ariz , Le Anne , Street Lelsey , Pournaziri Payam , Kosari Farid , Shabani‐Rad Meer‐Taher , Stewart Douglas , Mansoor Adnan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive disease with poor overall survival, attributable in part to frequent defects of the DNA repair genes. In such malignancies, additional inhibition of the ubiquitous DNA damage repair protein, poly‐ADP ribose polymerase‐1 (PARP1) has shown enhanced cytotoxicity (so‐called synthetic lethality). We studied PARP1 expression in a series of clinical cases of MCL, with the secondary aim to ascertain the relationship between PARP1 expression and DNA repair gene expression (namely ATM and p53) by immunohistochemical methods. We also examined the relationship between PARP1 expression and the well‐established prognostic biomarker Ki‐67, in addition to correlating PARP1 expression with the overall survival. From amongst our series of 79 unselected cases of MCL, we detected PARP1 expression in all but two cases with variable intensity. We also noted correlations between PARP1 expression and ATM and p53 expression. As described in previous studies, we identified a significant survival difference on the basis of Ki‐67 and p53 expression. When digital H‐score analysis of PARP1 expression was performed, there was a distinct survival advantage noted in patients with lower levels of expression. When our biomarker data were assessed by Cox regression, furthermore, the dominant effects of p53 and PARP1 expression were highlighted. Our data support the need for further research into the potential utility of PARP1 as a biomarker in MCL and for the potential direction of future PARP1 inhibitor‐targeted therapy studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and Applications of Coarse‐Grained Models for RNA
Authors: Hyeon Changbong , Denesyuk Natalia A. , Thirumalai D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn contrast to proteins, much less attention has been focused on the development of computational models for describing RNA molecules, which are being recognized as playing key roles in many cellular functions. Current atomically detailed force fields are not accurate enough to capture the properties of even simple nucleic acid constructs. In this article, we review our efforts to develop coarse‐grained (CG) models that capture the underlying physics for the particular length scale of interest. Two models are discussed. One of them is the three interaction site (TIS) model, in which each nucleotide is represented by three beads corresponding to sugar, phosphate, and base. The other is the self‐organized polymer (SOP) model, in which each nucleotide is represented as a single interaction center. Applications of the TIS model to study the complexity of hairpin formation and the effects of crowding in a shifting equilibrium between two conformations in human telomerase pseudoknot are described. The work on crowding illustrates a direct link to the activity of telomerase. We use the SOP model to describe the response of the Tetrahymena ribozyme to force. The simulated unfolding pathways agree well with single molecule pulling experiments. We also review predictions for the unfolding pathways for the Azoarcus ribozyme. The success of the CG applications to describe dynamics in RNA gives hope that more complex processes involving RNA‐protein interactions can be tackled using variants of the proposed models.
OBSERVED COPARENTING AND TRIADIC DYNAMICS IN AFRICAN AMERICAN FRAGILE FAMILIES AT 3 MONTHS’ POSTPARTUM
Authors: McHale James P. , Coates Erica E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis report examines coparenting and triadic interactions in 19 unmarried, first‐time African American families as fathers, mothers, and 3‐month‐old infants navigated the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP; E. Fivaz‐Depeursinge & A. Corboz‐Warnery, ). Parents in 10 of the 19 families reported coresidence at the time of the 3‐month assessment, and the other 9 sets of coparents lived apart. All participating families had taken part in a prenatal intervention emphasizing the importance of father engagement in children's lives, and in all families, parents reported episodic to regular father contact with the children at 3 months. Analyses of LTP sessions revealed that 9 of the 19 families exhibited high levels of coparenting solidarity—cooperation and family warmth accompanied by low levels of coparenting competition and disengagement. Among the remaining 10 families, competitiveness (verbal sparring, interference) and/or disengagement (repeated, episodic absenting by one or both parents from the ongoing interaction) signaled strain and challenges to solidarity. Differences between the higher and lower solidarity groups were found in father‐reported relationship rapport. However, coresidentiality versus noncoresidentiality of the parents did not distinguish high‐ from low‐solidarity groups. A case analysis of one family's triadic session is presented to elucidate the rich potential for clinical intervention in triadic work with fragile family systems. Implications of the study and its findings for theory, research, and clinical work with unmarried fathers and families, along with limits of the study design and generalizability of findings, are discussed.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL OF ASPIRATION TECHNIQUES FOR GROUP ADMINISTRATION*
Authors: Ricciuti Henry N. , Schultz Douglas G. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to determine whether it was feasible to develop group‐testing techniques suitable for obtaining experimental level of aspiration measures. Incorporating a number of desired characteristics which grew out of a review of the literature, three experimental level of aspiration techniques were developed and investigated empirically. These techniques yielded reliable derived aspiration scores possessing satisfactory distribution characteristics. Instructions asking for levels of aspiration expressed both as expectations and as goals were used, with neither type of instructions appearing to be clearly superior, although the latter produced higher aspiration scores and greater score dispersion. Aspiration measures derived from the three experimental techniques and from statements concerning regular course examinations showed generally low interrelationships.The results of this research indicate that it is feasible to develop experimental level of aspiration techniques suitable for group administration resembling the more commonly used individual procedures. Group techniques of the sort developed should facilitate research on the various problems that have been attacked in the level of aspiration area, by more economical collection of data on larger numbers of subjects.
THE EFFECT OF “HUMAN” VS. “MACHINE” SET ON GROUP PROBLEM‐SOLVING PROCEDURES1
Authors: Hemphill John K. , McConville Carolyn B. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe present experiment was designed to explore the effects of sets toward the characteristics of his partner upon the actor's subsequent behavior when he is involved in a group problem‐solving situation. Two sets were created; one in which the subject believed he was interacting with a “human” as partner and the second, with a “machine” as partner. The hypothesis tested was that the individual will approach the task in the same manner regardless of differences in these sets toward the origin of the response to his acts.Twelve pairs of men and 12 pairs of women were run separately under each condition. The tasks were identical for all subjects: to achieve a “goal square” in a 5 × 5 electrical plug board in a minimum number of moves.Data relating to the following areas were analyzed: effectiveness of task solution; attitudes toward the task, the subject's acts, and the responses to his acts; prediction of the “other's” behavior; and patterns of acts and responses. The panels of data relating to effectiveness, prediction, and patterns showed no difference for the subjects under the two conditions. The attitudinal measure showed that those Subjects working under the “human” condition regarded their partners as more confused than did those working under the “machine” condition.Although the results of this experiment cannot be generalized to all kinds of group problem‐solving tasks, they do indicate the existence of components in such tasks that are not dependent on social characteristics that have been commonly studied. Further research on these basic components may lead to better understanding of mutual problem solving.
THE MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSICAL TEST THEORY: AN AXIOMATIC APPROACH, I
Authors: Koutsopoulos C. J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAn investigation is made of the mathematical foundations of mental test theory. The investigation culminates in the introduction of three axioms which define certain random variables called “tests”. The existence of such variables is shown by means of an example.The axioms are then used to derive most of the classical results which (a) are independent of the internal structure of tests, and (b) do not require the use of sampling theory.The derivations tend to be terse, but most theorems are followed by a few interpretative remarks of more intuitive character. Furthermore, the paper contains several long passages of purely heuristic considerations. Whenever appropriate, examples or counter‐examples are included.
THE VALIDITY OF NEW TESTS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH HIGH‐LEVEL APTITUDE
Authors: FRENCH JOHN W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis is a validity study of 15 tests tried out in an attempt to improve the capacity of the College Board tests to predict the college performance of high‐level students. The tests were intended to challenge such students in a way that a mere increase in the difficulty of present tests probably could not do. The experimental tests were named as follows:1. Spatial Reasoning2. Data Sufficiency3. Insightful Reasoning4. Logical Reasoning5. Alternative Expressions6. General Understandings7. General Information8. Short‐Item Information9. Identification of People10. Integration11. Induction12. Object Sorting13. Directed Memory14. Verbal Fluency15. Reference ReadingSix of these tests were given at each of 11 very high‐level colleges, and their validities for freshman grade average and individual freshman grades were compared with the validities of the SAT, achievement tests, and high‐school rank. Logical, though imprecise, corrections were made to avoid distortion of the observed validities coming from variability in the predictability of the criterion at particular colleges where a test was administered, and corrections were made for the extreme restriction in range which occurred at these highly selective colleges. The validities were averaged across colleges, and multiple correlations were computed to find out what the predictive power of the SAT and of all present predictors would become, if some of the experimental test materials were substituted for parts of the SAT. For average freshman grades, a substantial increase in the validity of the SAT was obtained. With what seemed to be the appropriate corrections, a substantial increase in validity was obtained for the entire predictive package: SAT, achievement tests, and high‐school rank in class. The most effective test for substitution into present tests was Insightful Reasoning with Data Sufficiency as a runner‐up. Both of these are already represented by some items in SAT‐M. The General Information test proved to be very effective when teamed with Insightful Reasoning. These same tests and Short‐Item Information showed excellent validities for individual freshman course grades.The recommendation is made that Insightful Reasoning, Data Sufficiency, General Information, and Short‐Item Information should be considered for occupying substantial sections of the SAT, since this would increase validity, while not raising administrative problems or adversely affecting teaching in the schools.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MYERS‐BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR AND ABILITY, PERSONALITY AND INFORMATION TESTS
Authors: Ross John 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe four scales of the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator, Extraversion‐Introversion, Sensation‐Intuition, Thinking‐Feeling, and Judging‐Perceiving, were intercorrelated with a battery of 32 tests, including 15 ability tests, 7 experimental interest tests and 10 scales taken from the Personality Research Inventory. Subjects were male and female high school students in Massachusetts. Factor analyses for males and females separately showed that the Indicator scales as a set are linked with ability, interest and personality variables. Comparison of the analyses revealed some sex differences, and interpretation of the results indicated that all four scales reflect surface characteristics other than the typological differences for which they were constructed.