bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Intraperitoneal Interleukin-6 Following Open or Laparoscopic Assisted Distal Gastrectomy
Authors: Kumagai Youichi , Tajima Yusuke , Ishiguro Toru , Haga Norihiro , Imaizumi Hideko , Suzuki Okihide , Kuwabara Koki , Matsuzawa Takeaki , Sobajima Jun , Fukuchi Minoru , Baba Hiroyuki , Ishibashi Keiichiro , Mochiki Erito , Ishida Hideyuki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe interleukin (IL)-6 concentration in plasma or serum has been considered to represent the degree of stress resulting from surgery. However, IL-6 in peritoneal fluid has rarely been considered. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration and amount of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid as indicators of surgical stress. To obtain basic data on peritoneal release of IL-6 during gastric cancer surgery, we measured IL-6 in peritoneal drainage samples, stored for up to 72 hours postoperatively, from patients who had undergone conventional open (ODG group, n = 20) and laparoscopic-assisted (LADG group, n = 19) distal gastrectomy. Within 24 hours, 61 and 77% of the IL-6 was released into the peritoneal cavity in the LADG and ODG groups, respectively. In both groups, the concentration and amount of peritoneal fluid IL-6 were significantly correlated with each other (LADG group: Spearman's rank correlation test [rS] = 0.48, P = 0.04; ODG group: rS = 0.58, P = 0.01). The concentration and amount of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid was 2.8- and 3.6-fold higher in the ODG than in the LADG group, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). With regard to the relationship between the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) peak and the concentration or amount of peritoneal fluid IL-6 released within 24 hours, only the concentration of peritoneal fluid IL-6 in the LADG group was significantly correlated (rS = 0.60, P = 0.01) with the serum CRP peak. Our findings suggest that the amount and concentration of IL-6 released into the peritoneal cavity for up to 24 hours after surgery can each be a reliable parameter for assessment of surgical stress.
Harm Reduction and Treatment Among People at High Risk of Overdose
Authors: Bandara Sachini , Byrne Lauren , Berman Vanessa , Hurst Adrienne , King Dionna , Gibbons Jason B. , Sugarman Olivia K. , Livingston Amy , Kerins Lindsey , Hulsey Eric G. , Alves Alejandro , Saloner Brendan 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceRates of overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids remain high, increasingly involve stimulants combined with opioids, and are increasing rapidly in racially and ethnically minoritized communities, yet little is known about access to harm reduction and treatment services in these groups.ObjectiveTo characterize access and barriers to harm reduction and treatment in a racially and ethnically diverse population of people who use drugs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional telephone survey of people recruited from 39 treatment, harm reduction, and social service organizations in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin; Flint and Detroit, Michigan; and statewide in New Jersey was conducted from January 30 to July 28, 2023. Adults who used cocaine, methamphetamine, or opioids in the past 30 days called a study hotline and completed an interview in English or Spanish.ExposuresOverdose experience, drug types used (opioids only, stimulants only, and polysubstance), and social risk factors (eg, financial instability and criminal legal involvement).Main Outcomes and MeasuresRecent use of any harm reduction services, fentanyl test strips, naloxone possession, treatment, and self-reported barriers to services.ResultsOf the total sample of 1240 adults, 486 (39.2%) were Black non-Hispanic, 183 (14.8%) were Hispanic, and 464 (37.4%) were White non-Hispanic. In the past 30 days, 826 individuals (66.6%) were polysubstance users, 135 (10.9%) used only opioids, and 279 (22.5%) used only stimulants. A total of 349 respondents (28.1%) experienced a prior-year overdose. Compared with those without a prior-year overdose, people with overdose were more likely to possess naloxone (80.7% vs 68.2%; P &amp;lt; .001), possess fentanyl test strips (36.8% vs 23.5%; P &amp;lt; .001), and use harm reduction services (63.4% vs 53.0%; P = .003), while differences in treatment use were nonsignificant (52.0% vs 46.6%; P = .24). Among stimulant-only users, 51.4% possessed naloxone compared with 77.3% of opioid-only users (P &amp;lt; .001) and 77.6% of polysubstance users (P &amp;lt; .001), with similar disparities in fentanyl test strip possession.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of people who used drugs in the past 30 days, findings highlighted low use of harm reduction and treatment services among people who use stimulants. Additional communication regarding their importance may help increase the use of the services amidst a rapidly changing drug supply.
Recurrent Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China, 2005 to 2021
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Bo , Du Xin , Pei Shaojun , Jia Zhongwei , Zhao Yanlin 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceDespite posing a significant challenge to global tuberculosis (TB) elimination efforts, recurrent TB remains understudied due to the challenges of long-term observation.ObjectiveTo investigate the burden of recurrent TB using data from patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) in China.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included all bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed PTB cases reported to the Tuberculosis Information Management System with completed or successful treatment outcomes from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2021. Data were analyzed from July 15, 2022, to October 28, 2023.ExposuresNewly diagnosed PTB was classified into primary, hematogenous disseminated, or secondary PTB.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the annual recurrence rate, stratified by disease classification, over the 17-year observation period. The recurrence rate for year n was calculated by dividing the number of patients with recurrent TB in year n by observed person-years in year n. The secondary outcome was the annual proportion of recurrent TB among reported cases and associated risk factors.ResultsOf 13 833 249 patients with TB reported to the Tuberculosis Information Management System, 10 482 271 with PTB met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 68.9% were male, 22.3% were 65 years or older, 89.6% were of Han ethnicity, and 68.4% were agricultural workers. A total of 413 936 patients experienced a recurrent TB episode after successful treatment, resulting in an overall recurrence rate of 0.47 (95% CI, 0.47-0.48) per 100 person-years. The recurrence rate for patients with primary PTB was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.22-0.26) per 100 person-years; for hematogenous disseminated PTB, 0.37 (95% CI, 0.36-0.38) per 100 person-years; and for secondary PTB, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.47-0.48) per 100 person-years. The cumulative proportion of recurrences within the first 2 years accounted for 48.9% of all recurrent cases. The proportion of recurrent cases among notified incident cases increased 1.9-fold from 4.7% in 2015 to 8.8% in 2021. Among other factors, ages 45 to 64 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.65-1.89]) and having completed treatment (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.14-1.18]) were identified as associated with recurrence.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study, the PTB recurrence rate was substantially higher than the incidence, and the proportion of recurrent cases increased. Almost half of the recurrence occurred within the first 2 years, suggesting that routine posttreatment follow-up may represent an important strategy for accelerating TB elimination.
Electrocatalytic Urea Production with Nitrate and CO2 on a Ru‐Dispersed Co Catalyst
Authors: Wan Yuying , Zhang Zhuoyan , Wang Xiaomei , Yang Xing , Zhang Hu , Chu Ke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrea electrosynthesis from co‐electrolysis of NO3− and CO2 (UENC) provides an alternative route for realizing efficient and sustainable urea production. In this work, single‐atom Ru dispersed on Co (Ru1Co) is demonstrated as an effective and robust catalyst for the UENC. In situ spectroscopic measurements and theoretical simulations unravel the cooperative effect of Ru1 and Co sites to promote the UENC process via a tandem catalysis mechanism, where the Ru1 site activates the adsorption and hydrogenation of NO3− to form *NH2, while the Co site activates the adsorption and hydrogenation/deoxygenation of CO2 to form *CO. The generated *CO is then transferred from the Co site to the nearby Ru1 site which promotes the C─N coupling of *NH2 and *CO toward the urea formation. Strikingly, Ru1Co assembled in a flow cell shows the highest urea‐Faradaic efficiency of 50.1% with the corresponding urea yield rate of 22.34 mmol h−1 g−1 at −0.5 V (RHE), superior to most reported UENC catalysts for urea production.
Controlling Alveolar Bone Loss by Hydrogel‐Based Mitigation of Oral Dysbiosis and Bacteria‐Triggered Proinflammatory Immune Response
Authors: Chen Xiao , Huang Hanyao , Guo Chenyang , Zhu Xuanzhi , Chen Jiali , Liang Jinzheng , Yang Renjie , Shao Dan , Chen Fangman , Shi Bing , Yang Chao , Leong Kam W. , Zhao Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic infection where abnormal host‐microbiota interactions alter the oral microbiome, trigger a proinflammatory immune response, and cause inflammatory alveolar bone loss. While antibiotics are occasionally necessary for treating periodontitis, their use must be carefully managed to prevent the development of drug resistance and oral dysbiosis. Therefore, it's crucial to develop new treatment strategies for periodontitis that reduce antibiotic dependence while effectively controlling the inflammation triggered by bacteria. In this study, a hydrogel is engineered by grafting cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM‐G3) onto the oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC) backbone, resulting in an injectable cationic hydrogel (OCMC‐PAMAM‐G3, O‐P). This hydrogel can capture anionic microbial‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). These findings reveal that using O‐P application circumvents the disruption of the oral mucosa microbiome caused by traditional antibiotics. Additionally, this hydrogel can mitigate inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a ligature‐induced periodontitis mouse model by alleviating the LPS/cfDNA‐TLR4/9 pathway. Moreover, topical administration of O‐P hydrogel has no significant adverse effects on the oral mucosa microbiome while improving the local subgingival microbiome. The study highlights a strategy targeting MAMPs while avoiding antibiotics, as it can mitigate the bacteria‐triggered proinflammatory immune response and potentially preserve oral dysbiosis.
Photocatalytic Carbon Dots‐Triggered Pyroptosis for Whole Cancer Cell Vaccines
Authors: Cheng Quansheng , Zhang Tesen , Wang Qingcheng , Wu Xue , Li Lingyun , Lin Runxing , Zhou Yinning , Qu Songnan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractManufacturing whole cancer cell vaccines (WCCV) with both biosafety and efficacy is crucial for tumor immunotherapy. Pyroptotic cancer cells, due to their highly immunogenic properties, present a promising avenue for the development of WCCV. However, the successful development of WCCV based on pyroptotic cancer cells is yet to be accomplished. Here, a facile strategy that utilized photocatalytic carbon dots (CDs) to induce pyroptosis of cancer cells for fabricating WCCV is reported. Photocatalytic CDs are capable of generating substantial amounts of hydroxyl radicals and can effectively decrease cytoplasmic pH values under white light irradiation. This process efficiently triggers cancer cell pyroptosis through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mitochondria‐caspase 3‐gasdermin E pathway and the proton motive force‐driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis pathway. Moreover, in vitro, these photocatalytic CDs‐induced pyroptotic cancer cells (PCIP) can hyperactivate macrophage (M0–M1) with upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression. In vivo, PCIP induced specific immune‐preventive effects in melanoma and breast cancer mouse models through anticancer immune memory, demonstrating effective WCCV. This work provides novel insights for inducing cancer cell pyroptosis and bridges the gap in the fabrication of WCCV based on pyroptotic cancer cells.
Biphilic Functional Surfaces for Frost Prevention and Efficient Active Defrosting
Authors: Saeidiharzand Shaghayegh , Sadaghiani Abdolali Khalili , Orejon Daniel , Sefiane Khellil , Koşar Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present work addresses the systematic accurate fabrication and design of biphilic surfaces having superhydrophobic circular islands surrounded by a hydrophilic background by investigating their condensation frosting and defrosting behavior. A significant delay in frost formation is observed on samples with higher superhydrophobicity ratio A*, defined as superhydrophobic area to total area ratio. As the superhydrophobic island diameter D increases from D = 500 µm to D = 700 µm (A* from 19.62% to 38.46%), a 50% improvement/delay is observed in terms of frost formation or densification. Besides delaying icing/frosting, the presence of superhydrophobic areas empowers the formation of porous and nonuniform frost structure, which facilitates ice removal during the defrosting process. To this end, as the surface is recovered the ambient temperature, almost complete passive cleaning performance within only 23 s is observed on the biphilic design having superhydrophobic islands with the diameter of D = 500 µm, that is, a superhydrophobicity ratio A* of 19.62%. This work concludes on the optimum biphilic ratio, which is not only effective as a passive method by hindering frosting but also leads to a slush/water free surface after defrosting eased by the Laplace pressure gradient which is imposed by the different biphilic wettability patterns.
AI‐Assisted Plasmonic Enhanced Colorimetric Fluidic Device for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection from Cancer Cells
Authors: del Real Mata Carolina , Yedire Sripadh Guptha , Jalali Mahsa , Siavash Moakhar Roozbeh , AbdElFatah Tamer , Kaur Jashandeep , He Ziwei , Mahshid Sara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an essential molecule to various physiological processes and is commonly used for the detection and monitoring of glucose and cell viability. Furthermore, it is identified as a signal of oncogenic growth due to its widespread presence within the cancer cell environment. However, the low concentrations of H2O2 released by cancer cells' metabolism challenge current detection methods' capabilities and their practicality for translation to clinical applications. Colorimetric assays with simple readouts are a promising solution, provided that their sensitivity and rapidity in detecting H2O2 improve. Here, a plasmonic enhanced nanopatterned platform is proposed coupled with an Amplex Red assay to monitor the color change of H2O2 released from cancer cells. The nanopatterned platform embedded into a multiplexed microfluidic device enhances the kinetics of the reaction ≈7 times. This approach has reached a limit of detection of 1 pm when tested in breast (MCF‐7) and prostate (PC‐3) cancer media. The collected color images are processed and analyzed by a machine learning algorithm that categorizes them into “high” or “low‐to‐no” concentrations of H2O2 with 91% accuracy. This study is a step toward developing a device for highly sensitive H2O2 detection that is easily adaptable, user‐friendly, portable, and automated.
Upcycling of High‐Rate Ni‐Rich Cathodes through Intrinsic Structural Features
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Yao Ning , Tang Xiaoyu , Wang Helin , Zhang Min , Wang Zhiqiao , Shao Ahu , Liu Jiacheng , Cheng Lu , Guo Yuxiang , Ma Yue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paradigm shift toward the closed‐loop recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries necessitates the direct, efficient cathode recovery that goes beyond the traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy techniques, meanwhile avoiding substantial energy consumption, tedious procedures, or chemical contamination. In this study, a straightforward, dual‐functional upcycling approach is presented for the spent nickel‐rich cathodes to boost their high‐rate performance. Specifically, the protocol rationally employs the Li vacancy within the degraded oxide to minimize the La diffusion barrier, expanding the lattice spacing of the layered structure; the Li+ conductive, conformal LiLaO2 encapsulation further suppresses the interfacial acid corrosion and structural deterioration into the rock‐salt phase. Transmission‐mode X‐ray diffraction tracks the reversible lattice breathing of the regenerated cathode in operando, suggesting the continuous, kinetically boosted solid‐solution process with all the microcracks repaired. The as‐assembled regenerated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Graphite pouch cell (1.4Ah) thus achieves 91.0% capacity retention for 500 cycles, the energy density of 277 Wh kg−1 as well as extreme power output of 1030 W kg−1 at the cell level. This upcycling strategy paves the way for value‐added utilization of the retired Ni‐rich cathodes in practical high‐rate battery prototypes.
Supramolecular Anchoring of Fe(III) Molecular Redox Catalysts into Graphitic Surfaces Via CH‐π and π–π Interactions for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Luo Zhi‐Mei , Wang Jia‐Wei , Nicaso Marco , Gil‐Sepulcre Marcos , Solano Eduardo , Nikolaou Vasilis , Benet Jordi , Segado‐Centellas Mireia , Bo Carles , Llobet Antoni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical devices require solid anodes and cathodes for the easy assembling of the whole cell and thus redox catalysts need to be deposited on the electrodes. Typical catalyst deposition involves drop casting, spin coating, doctor blading or related techniques to generate modified electrodes where the active catalyst in contact with the electrolyte is only a very small fraction of the deposited mass. We have developed a methodology where the redox catalyst is deposited at the electrode based on supramolecular interactions, namely CH‐π and π–π between the catalyst and the surface. This generates a very well‐defined catalysts‐surface structure and electroactivity, together with a very large catalytic response. This approach represents a new anchoring strategy that can be applied to catalytic redox reactions in heterogeneous phase and compared to traditional methods involves about 4–5 orders of magnitude less mass deposition to achieve comparable activity and with very well‐behaved electroactivity and stability.
Probing Noncovalent Interactions by Fast Magic‐Angle Spinning NMR at 100 kHz and More
Authors: Schröder Nina , Bartalucci Ettore , Wiegand Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNoncovalent interactions are the basis for a large number of chemical and biological molecular‐recognition processes, such as those occurring in supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, solid‐state reactions in mechanochemistry, protein folding, protein‐nucleic acid binding, and biomolecular phase separation processes. In this perspective article, some recent developments in probing noncovalent interactions by proton‐detected solid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at Magic‐Angle Spinning (MAS) frequencies of 100 kHz and more are reviewed. The development of MAS rotors with decreasing outer diameters, combined with the development of superconducting magnets operating at high static magnetic‐field strengths up to 28.2 T (1200 MHz proton Larmor frequency) improves resolution and sensitivity in proton‐detected solid‐state NMR, which is the fundamental requirement for shedding light on noncovalent interactions in solids. The examples reported in this article range from protein‐nucleic acid binding in large ATP‐fueled motor proteins to a hydrogen‐π interaction in a calixarene‐lanthanide complex.
Bifurcation analysis and control in a DC–AC inverter with PID controller
Authors: Wu Ronghua , Zhang Xiaohong , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAiming at the rich bifurcation and chaotic characteristics in the inverter with proportion integral derivative (PID) controller, the discrete iterative model of such an inverter was derived based on the stroboscopic mapping theory; the nonlinear evolution and the cause of instability in this inverter are analyzed. It was observed that the low‐frequency oscillation following instability was due to the Hopf bifurcation, which will decrease the power supplied quality by the inverter. To address the potential issue of the system instability caused by nonlinear behaviors, an improved exponential time‐delay feedback control scheme was proposed. The controlled object's output current first subtracted its own delay a period of time to form a difference term, which was subsequently fed into an exponential link to make difference with the constant 1. The resulting value was then fed into a proportional link to obtain the control term, which was applied to the PID controlled inverter in a feedback manner. Moreover, the range of the feedback proportional coefficient was solved via the Jury criterion. Finally, the effectiveness of this scheme was verified through the comparative simulations, demonstrating that this scheme can not only increase the stability domain for each parameter by more than 50% in the PID controlled inverter but also stabilize the quasi‐periodic behavior due to the low scale oscillation caused by the Hopf bifurcation at the switching frequency.
Early Family Experiences and Neural Activity in Rural Pakistani Children: The Differential Role of Gender
Authors: Lopera‐Perez Diana C. , Obradović Jelena , Yousafzai Aisha K. , Keehn Brandon , Siyal Saima , Nelson Charles A. , Tarullo Amanda R. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAdversity within low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) poses severe threats to neurocognitive development, which can be partially mitigated by high‐quality early family experiences. Specifically, maternal scaffolding and home stimulation can buffer cognitive development in LMIC, possibly by protecting underlying neural functioning. However, the association between family experiences and neural activity remains largely unexplored in LMIC contexts. This study explored the relation of early family experiences to later cognitive skills and absolute gamma power (21–45 Hz), a neural marker linked to higher‐order cognitive skills. Drawing data from the PEDS trial, a longitudinal study in rural Pakistan, we examined maternal scaffolding at 24 months and home stimulation quality at 18 months as predictors of verbal IQ, executive functions, and absolute gamma at 48 months for 105 mother‐child dyads (52 girls). Maternal scaffolding interacted with gender to predict absolute gamma power, such that higher maternal scaffolding was related to higher gamma more strongly for girls. Maternal scaffolding also interacted with absolute gamma to predict executive functions, such that higher gamma was related to better executive functions only when maternal scaffolding was average to high. Individual differences in early family experiences may partially buffer the neural underpinnings of cognitive skills from adversity in LMIC.
Characterization and Optimization of the Photoluminescent Properties of Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines
Authors: Kulhanek Niclas , Borysova Kateryna V. , Kirchner Michael , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Göttlich Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn our previous work we could show, that Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines are compounds with interesting optical properties. In this work, we optimized the photoluminescent properties of imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines by following outlined trends in our previous work. By introducing electron‐rich and electron‐poor residual groups on the imidazole ring, the quantum yield (QY) could be significantly increased. This indicated a clear advantageous substitution pattern for this system. In addition, cyclic voltammetric and UV/vis measurements in solid state lay the foundation for applications, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).