bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric B1+ Mapping of the Brain at 7T using DREAM
Authors: Nehrke Kay , Versluis Maarten J. , Webb Andrew , Börnert Peter 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo tailor and optimize the Dual Refocusing Echo Acquisition Mode (DREAM) approach for volumetric B1+ mapping of the brain at 7T.Theory and MethodsA new DREAM echo timing scheme based on the virtual stimulated echo was derived to minimize potential effects of transverse relaxation. Furthermore, the DREAM B1+ mapping performance was investigated in simulations and experimentally in phantoms and volunteers for volumetric applications, studying and optimizing the accuracy of the sequence with respect to saturation effects, slice profile imperfections, and T1 and T2 relaxation. Volumetric brain protocols were compiled for different isotropic resolutions (5–2.5 mm) and SENSE factors, and were studied in vivo for different RF drive modes (circular/linear polarization) and the application of dielectric pads.ResultsVolumetric B1+ maps with good SNR at 2.5 mm isotropic resolution were acquired in about 20 s or less. The specific absorption rate was well below the safety limits for all scans. Mild flow artefacts were observed in the large vessels. Moreover, a slight contrast in the ventricle was observed in the B1+ maps, which could be attributed to T1 and T2 relaxation effects.ConclusionDREAM enables safe, very fast, and robust volumetric B1+ mapping of the brain at ultrahigh fields. Magn Reson Med 71:246–256, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Fourier cosine series expansion method for stochastic control problems
Authors: Ruijter M.J. , Oosterlee C.W. , Aalbers R.F.T. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYWe develop a method for solving stochastic control problems under one‐dimensional Lévy processes. The method is based on the dynamic programming principle and a Fourier cosine expansion method. Local errors in the vicinity of the domain boundaries may disrupt the algorithm. For efficient computation of matrix–vector products with Hankel and Toeplitz structures, we use a fast Fourier transform algorithm. An extensive error analysis provides new insights based on which we develop an extrapolation method to deal with the propagation of local errors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical approximation of one phase quadrature domains
Authors: Bazarganzadeh Mahmoudreza , Bozorgnia Farid 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this work, we present two numerical schemes for a free boundary problem that is called one phase quadrature domain. In the first method, using the properties of a given free boundary problem, we derive a method that leads us to a fast iterative solver. The iteration procedure is adapted to work in the case when topology changes. The second method is based on shape reconstruction to establish an efficient shape Quasi‐Newton method. Various numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of the derived numerical methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
A coupling of nonconforming and mixed finite element methods for Biot's consolidation model
Authors: Yi Son‐Young 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this article, we develop a nonconforming mixed finite element method to solve Biot's consolidation model. In particular, this work has been motivated to overcome nonphysical oscillations in the pressure variable, which is known as locking in poroelasticity. The method is based on a coupling of a nonconforming finite element method for the displacement of the solid phase with a standard mixed finite element method for the pressure and velocity of the fluid phase. The discrete Korn's inequality has been achieved by adding a jump term to the discrete variational formulation. We prove a rigorous proof of a‐priori error estimates for both semidiscrete and fully‐discrete schemes. Optimal error estimates have been derived. In particular, optimality in the pressure, measured in different norms, has been proved for both cases when the constrained specific storage coefficient c0 is strictly positive and when c0 is nonnegative. Numerical results illustrate the accuracy of the method and also show the effectiveness of the method to overcome the nonphysical pressure oscillations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Diet composition modulates expression of sirtuins and Renin‐Angiotensin system components in adipose tissue
Authors: de Pinho Lucinéia , Andrade João Marcus Oliveira , Paraíso Alanna , Filho Aristides Batista Maia , Feltenberger John D. , Guimarães André Luiz Sena , de Paula Alfredo Mauricio. Batista , Caldeira Antônio Prates , de Carvalho Botelho Ana Cristina , Campagnole‐Santos Maria José , Sousa Santos Sérgio Henrique 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of RAS components and SIRTs enzymes in the adipose tissue of mice fed diets with different macronutrient composition.Design and MethodsThe body weight, food intake, and energy intake (kcal) were evaluated. Blood parameters (insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, total cholesterol, HDL‐C triglyceride, and glucose levels) were also assessed. Real‐time PCR was performed in epididymal adipose tissue samples to analyze the expression of renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin‐converting enzyme 1 and 2 (ACE and ACE2), and SIRTs 1‐7. Male FVB/N mice were divided into 5 groups (N = 10 each) that were fed with experimental diets for 60 days. Test diets were divided into standard (ST), AIN‐93M, high glucose (HG), high protein (HP) and high lipid (HL).ResultsThe main results showed that HL diet treatment induced reduction in HDL‐C and triglyceride plasma levels; increased ACE (Ang II marker) expression and decreased ACE2 (Ang‐[1‐7] catalyzer) expression in adipose tissue; and also increased SIRT4 expression.ConclusionDiets with high lipid content induced a degenerative state associated with deregulation of adipose tissue enzymes expression.
Metabolic syndrome, circulating RBP4, testosterone, and SHBG predict weight regain at 6 months after weight loss in men
Authors: Wang Ping , Menheere Paul P.C.A. , Astrup Arne , Andersen Malene R. , van Baak Marleen A. , Larsen Thomas M. , Jebb Susan , Kafatos Anthony , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. , Martinez J. Alfredo , Handjieva‐Darlenska Teodora , Hlavaty Petr , Viguerie Nathalie , Langin Dominique , Saris Wim H.M. , Mariman Edwin C.M. ,   Diogenes consortium
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveWeight loss helps reduce the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the obese, but weight regain after active weight loss is common. The changes and predictive role of circulating adipokines and sex hormones for weight regain in men during dietary intervention, and also the effect of basal MetS status on weight regain, were investigated.Design and MethodsTwenty‐four men who continued to lose weight (WL) and 24 men who regained weight (WR) during the 6‐month follow‐up period after weight loss were selected from the Diogenes Study. Their circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4), luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, total and free testosterone, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at baseline, after 8‐week low‐calorie diet‐induced active weight loss, and after a subsequent 26‐week ad libitum weight maintenance diet, and analyzed together with anthropometrical and physiological parameters.ResultsOverweight and obese men with MetS at baseline had higher risk to regain weight (odds ratio = 2.8, P = 0.015). High baseline RBP4, low total testosterone, and low SHBG are predictors of weight loss regain (different between WR and WL with P = 0.001, 0.038, and 0.044, respectively).ConclusionsThese variables may play roles in the link between MetS and weight loss regain.
Disability prevalence among healthy weight, overweight, and obese adults
Authors: Armour Brian S. , Courtney‐Long Elizabeth A. , Campbell Vincent A. , Wethington Holly R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes in people with and without disabilities. However, little is known about disability prevalence among people who are obese. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and type of disability among adults who are obese.Design and Methods:Pooled data from the 2003‐2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to obtain national prevalence estimates of disability, disability type and obesity. The disability prevalence was stratified by body mass index (BMI): healthy weight (BMI 18.5‐<25.0), overweight (BMI 25.0‐<30.0), and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0).Results:In this pooled sample, among the 25.4% of US adults who were obese, 41.7% reported a disability. In contrast, 26.7% of those with a healthy weight and 28.5% of those who were overweight reported a disability. The most common disabilities among respondents with obesity were movement difficulty (32.5%) and work limitation (16.6%).Conclusions:This research contributes to the literature on obesity by including disability as a demographic in assessing the burden of obesity. Because of the high prevalence of disability among those who are obese, public health programs should consider the needs of those with disabilities when designing obesity prevention and treatment programs.
Differential associations of leptin with adiposity across early childhood
Authors: Boeke Caroline E. , Mantzoros Christos S. , Hughes Michael D. , L. Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl , Villamor Eduardo , Zera Chloe A. , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo examine associations of perinatal and 3‐year leptin with weight gain and adiposity through 7 years.Design and MethodsIn Project Viva, plasma leptin from mothers at 26‐28 weeks' gestation (n = 893), umbilical cord vein at delivery (n = 540), and children at 3 years (n = 510) was assessed in relation to BMI z‐score, waist circumference, skinfold thicknesses, and dual X‐ray absorptiometry body fat.Results50.1% of children were male and 29.5% non‐white. Mean (SD) maternal, cord, and age 3 leptin concentrations were 22.9 (14.2), 8.8 (6.4), and 1.8 (1.7) ng/ml, respectively, and 3‐ and 7‐year BMI z‐scores were 0.46 (1.00) and 0.35 (0.97), respectively. After adjusting for parental and child characteristics, higher maternal and cord leptin were associated with less 3‐year adiposity. For example, mean 3‐year BMI z‐score was 0.5 lower (95% CI: −0.7, −0.2; P‐trend = 0.003) among children whose mothers' leptin concentrations were in the top versus bottom quintile. In contrast, higher age 3 leptin was associated with greater weight gain and adiposity through age 7 [e.g., change in BMI z‐score from 3 to 7 years was 0.2 units (95% CI: −0.0, 0.4; P‐trend =0.05)].ConclusionHigher perinatal leptin was associated with lower 3‐year adiposity, whereas higher age 3 leptin was associated with greater weight gain and adiposity by 7 years.
Young adult weight trajectories through midlife by body mass category
Authors: Malhotra Rahul , Østbye Truls , Riley Crystal M. , Finkelstein Eric A. 
Published: February 2013

Objective: To estimate the expected weight gain through midlife for those in a given BMI category in young adulthood.Design and Methods: Group‐based trajectory modeling and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data from 1990 to 2008 were used to quantify weight trajectories through midlife for 10,038 young adult men and women stratified by BMI category. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of trajectory membership with obesity‐related conditions (hypertension, diabetes, arthritis) in middle age.Results: Annual weight gain averaged 0.53 kg (1.17 lb) across the entire sample. However, there was considerable variation by and within BMI categories. More than 98% of men and 92% of women were on upward‐sloping trajectories, generally moving into a higher BMI category by middle age. Those who experienced early and rapid weight gain during young adulthood were most likely to be on a steeper trajectory and had greater risks for obesity‐related conditions.Conclusion: This study points to the health and weight benefits of entering young adulthood with a normal BMI, but further reveals that this is no guarantee of maintaining a healthy weight through midlife. For those who are young adults today, weight maintenance is unlikely to occur without significant environmental or technical innovation.
A Pilot Internet‐Based Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention with or without Commercially Available Portion‐Controlled Foods
Authors: Webber Kelly H. , Rose Stephanie A. 
Published: February 2013

Objective: To evaluate the short‐term impact of portion‐controlled food provision in combination with an Internet behavioral weight loss program on weight, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose levels.Design and Methods: Fifty participants, mean age 46 ± 10.7 years and mean body mass index 35.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2, were randomized to one of two study groups, an Internet behavioral weight loss program (Internet‐alone; n = 25) or an Internet behavioral weight loss program plus a commercially available portion‐controlled diet (Internet + PCD; n = 25) for 12 weeks.Results: An intent‐to‐treat analysis found that the mean weight change in the Internet + PCD group was −5.7 ± 5.6 kg and in the Internet‐alone group (n = 25) was −4.1 ± 4.0 kg (P = 0.26). Participants in the Internet + PCD group achieved significantly greater improvements in blood glucose (−2.6 ± 5.7 vs. 1.4 ± 11.0 mg/dl; P = 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (−8.2 ± 18.0 vs. −0.6 ± 21.0 mg/dl; P = 0.04), compared with Internet‐alone group.Conclusions: These data suggest that there may be short‐term clinical benefit in using a PCD in conjunction with a behavioral Internet‐based weight loss program to enhance weight loss and improve health indicators.
Equivalent weight loss for weight management programs delivered by phone and clinic
Authors: Donnelly Joseph E. , Goetz Jeannine , Gibson Cheryl , Sullivan Debra K. , Lee Robert , Smith Bryan K. , Lambourne Kate , Mayo Matthew S. , Hunt Suzanne , Lee Jae Hoon , Honas Jeffrey J. , Washburn Richard A. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveFace‐to‐face (FTF) weight management is costly and presents barriers for individuals seeking treatment; thus, alternate delivery systems are needed. The objective of this study was to compare weight management delivered by FTF clinic or group conference calls (phone).Design and MethodsRandomized equivalency trial in 295 overweight/obese men/women (BMI = 35.1±4.9, Age = 43.8±10.2, Minority = 39.8%). Weight loss (0‐6 months) was achieved by reducing energy intake between 1,200 and 1,500 kcal/day and progressing physical activity (PA) to 300 min/week. Weight maintenance (7‐18 months) provided adequate energy to maintain weight and continued 300 min/week of PA. Behavioral weight management strategies were delivered weekly for 6 months and gradually reduced during 7‐18 months. A cost analysis provided a comparison of expenses between groups.ResultsWeight change from baseline to 6 months was −13.4 ± 6.7% and −12.3 ± 7.0% for FTF clinic and phone, respectively. Weight change from 6‐18 months was 6.4 ± 7.0% and 6.4 ± 5.2%, for FTF clinic and phone, respectively. The cost to FTF participants was $789.58 more per person.ConclusionsPhone delivery provided equivalent weight loss and maintenance and reduced program cost. Ubiquitous access to phones provides a vast reach for this approach.
Dexamethasone reduces energy expenditure and increases susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity in mice
Authors: Poggioli Raffaella , Ueta Cintia B. , Drigo Rafael Arrojo e , Castillo Melany , Fonseca Tatiana L. , Bianco Antonio C. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate how long‐term treatment with dexamethasone affects energy expenditure and adiposity in mice and whether this is influenced by feeding on a high‐fat diet (HFD).Design and MethodsMice were placed on a HFD for 2 weeks and started on dexamethasone at 5 mg/kg every other day during the next 7 weeks.ResultsTreatment with dexamethasone increased body fat, an effect that was more pronounced in the animals kept on HFD; dexamethasone treatment also worsened liver steatosis caused by the HFD. At the same time, treatment with dexamethasone lowered the respiratory quotient in chow‐fed animals and slowed nightly metabolic rate in the animals kept on HFD. In addition, the acute VO2 acceleration in response to β3 adrenergic‐stimulation was significantly limited in the dexamethasone‐treated animals, as a result of marked decrease in UCP‐1 mRNA observed in the brown adipose tissue of these animals.ConclusionsLong‐term treatment with dexamethasone in a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity decreases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and exaggerates adiposity and liver steatosis. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
Eight‐month postprogram completion: Change in risk factors for chronic disease amongst participants in a 4‐month pedometer‐based workplace health program
Authors: Freak‐Poli Rosanne , Wolfe Rory , Brand Margaret , de Courten Maximilian , Peeters Anna 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether participation in a 4‐month, pedometer‐based, physical activity, workplace health program is associated with long‐term sustained improvements in risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, 8 months after the completion of the program.Design and MethodsA sample size of 720 was required. 762 Australian adults employed in primarily sedentary occupations and voluntarily enrolled in a workplace program were recruited. Demographic, behavioral, anthropometric and biomedical measurements were completed at baseline, 4 and 12 months.ResultsAbout 76% of participants returned at 12 months. Sustained improvements at 12 months were observed for self‐reported vegetable intake, self‐reported sitting time and independently measured blood pressure. Modest improvements from baseline in self‐reported physical activity and independently measured waist circumference at 12 months indicated that the significant improvements observed immediately after the health program could not be sustained. Approximately half of those not meeting guidelines for physical activity, waist circumference and blood pressure at baseline, were meeting guidelines at 12 months.ConclusionsParticipation in this 4‐month, pedometer‐based, physical activity, workplace health program was associated with sustained improvements in chronic disease risk factors at 12 months. These results indicate that such programs can have a long‐term benefit and thus a potential role to play in population prevention of chronic disease.
Abdominal myosteatosis is independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among older men without diabetes
Authors: Miljkovic Iva , Cauley Jane A. , Wang Patty Y. , Holton Kathleen F. , Lee Christine G. , Sheu Yahtyng , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth , Hoffman Andrew R. , Lewis Cora B. , Orwoll Eric S. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Marshall Lynn M. ,   the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveSkeletal muscle adipose tissue (AT) infiltration (myosteatosis) increases with aging and may contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It remains unclear if myosteatosis is associated to glucose and insulin homeostasis independent of total and central adiposity.Design and MethodsThe association between intermuscular AT (IMAT) in the abdominal skeletal muscles (total, paraspinal, and psoas) and fasting serum glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in 393 nondiabetic Caucasian men aged 65+ was evaluated. Abdominal IMAT, visceral AT (VAT), and subcutaneous AT (SAT) (cm3) were measured by quantitative computed tomography at the L4‐L5 intervertebral space.ResultsIn age, study site, height, and muscle volume adjusted regression analyses, total abdominal and psoas (but not paraspinal) IMAT were positively associated with glucose, insulin, and HOMA‐IR (all P < 0.003). The associations between total abdominal and psoas IMAT and insulin and HOMA‐IR remained significant after further adjusting for lifestyle factors, as well as duel‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total body fat, VAT, or SAT in separate models (all P < 0.009).ConclusionsA previously unreported, independent association between abdominal myosteatosis and hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among older Caucasian men was indicated. These associations may be specific for particular abdominal muscle depots, illustrating the potential importance of separately studying specific muscle groups.
Adipocytokines levels at delivery, functional variation of TFAP2β, and maternal and neonatal anthropometric parameters
Authors: Comasco Erika , Iliadis Stavros I. , Larsson Anders , Olovsson Matts , Oreland Lars , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveAdipocytokines participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism and fetal development. The transcription factor activating protein 2B (TFAP2β) has been associated with adipocytokine regulation, and gene variations with type 2 diabetes and obesity. This study investigated associations between maternal TFAP2B variation, adipocytokine levels, and maternal and neonatal anthropometric characteristics.Design and MethodsA population‐based sample of women was followed from delivery to 6 months postpartum. Adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin‐6 levels at delivery, and maternal as well as neonatal anthropometric variables were assessed. The TFAP2β intron 1 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) was genotyped.ResultsMaternal interleukin‐6 correlated positively with leptin at delivery, with peripartum weight changes and weight of newborn males, adjusted for potential confounders. Leptin at delivery was associated with TFAP2β intron 1 VNTR genotype, adjusted for confounders, maternal weight and negatively with birth weight among female neonates. A path model suggested a link between TFAP2β genotype, leptin levels, and newborn females' weight.ConclusionsThe present results stress a role for the TFAP2 β in adiposity‐related conditions and intrauterine growth. The association between neonatal birth weight and maternal adipocytokine levels, together with the observed sex effect, call for further studies on the mechanisms behind neuroendocrine fetal programming.
Anxiety during early pregnancy predicts postpartum weight retention in obese mothers
Authors: Bogaerts Annick F. L. , Van den Bergh Bea R. H. , Witters Ingrid , Devlieger Roland 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the weight status of obese mothers 6 months after delivery and examine its relationship to important sociodemographical, behavioral, and psychological variables.Design and MethodsPostpartum data from an interventional trial in obese pregnant women (n = 197), conducted in three regional hospitals, between March 2008 and June 2012, were available from 150 mothers. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 29 kg/m2. Predictors were examined from the pregnancy and postpartum period. Descriptive statistics were performed and linear regression models constructed.ResultsPostpartum weight retention (PPWR) 6 months after delivery ranges from −17 to + 19 kg with a mean of −1.28 kg (SD 6.05). Thirty‐nine percent showed PPWR (>0 kg) and 13% of obese mothers reported a high PPWR (≥5 kg). Gestational weight gain (GWG) and psychological discomfort were significantly higher in obese mothers with PPWR compared to those with no or low PPWR. Mean duration of breastfeeding in this cohort of obese mothers was 9.5 weeks (SD 8.7), with 17.3% breastfeeding for at least 6 months. At 6 months after delivery, prepregnancy BMI (β = −0.283; P = 0.001), GWG (β = 0.337; P = 0.001), and maternal trait anxiety in the first trimester of pregnancy (β = 0.255; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with PPWR in obese mothers.ConclusionPPWR in obese mothers is associated with psychological discomfort during early pregnancy. Besides the importance of adequate prenatal weight management, focused psychological support should be an important cue to action in obese women, to prevent maternal obesity on the long run.