bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of celebrity endorsers
Authors: Hollensen Svend , Schimmelpfennig Christian 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis paper aims at shedding some light on the various avenues marketers can undertake until finally an endorsement contract is signed. The focus of the study lies on verifying the generally held assumption that endorser selection is usually taken care of by creative agencies, vetting several candidates by means of subtle evaluation procedures.Design/methodology/approachA case study research has been carried out among companies experienced in celebrity endorsements to learn more about the endorser selection process in practise. Based on these cases theory is inductively developed.FindingsThe research suggests that the generally held assumption that endorsers being selected and thoroughly vetted by a creative agency may not be universally valid. A normative model to illustrate the continuum of the selection process in practise is suggested and the two polar case studies (Swiss brand Lindt and Austrian Vitatherm) are presented in depth.Research limitations/implicationsAs the results of the study suggest, generally held assumptions towards the endorser selection process may be challenged. Consequently, this affects the necessary accuracy of models to evaluate the brand‐endorser matchup.Practical implicationsConducted case studies indicate that there are various avenues how brands come to their endorser. This paper could not find evidence of a best practice strategy.Originality/valueA normative model for the celebrity endorser selection process is suggested.
Retrospective study of surgical resection in the treatment of limited stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zheng Qingfeng , Li Shaolei , Zhang Lijian , Wu Nan , Chen Jinfeng , Wang Yuzhao , Yan Shi , Zhao Bingtian , Yao Yuanshan , Pei Yuquan , Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Yue 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are mainly treated by chemotherapy/radiotherapy, either alone or combined. Surgical resection is an optional treatment for few SCLC patients. The efficacy of surgical intervention for SCLC remains controversial. This study evaluates the validity of surgery for patients with limited stage SCLC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 59 patients with limited stage SCLC who received trimodal therapy from 2004 to 2011. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the statistic methods of Kaplan‐Meier and the log‐rank test.ResultsAmong the 59 limited stage SCLC patients, 54 patients with stage I–III SCLC received surgical treatment with curative intent, and 42.6% (23/54) patients received preoperative chemotherapy. The radical resection rate of the group of preoperative chemotherapy and the group of initial surgical resection were 82.6% (19/23) and 54.8% (17/31), respectively. The corresponding five‐year survival rates were 59% and 22% with significant differences (P = 0.032 and 0.041, respectively). In total, 36 (66.7%) patients underwent radical surgery with resection of the primary mass and mediastinal lymph nodes. In the radical surgery series, five‐year survival, according to stage I–III categories, were 59%, 53%, and 26%, respectively. For the 30 stage III patients, the five‐year survival of the radical group of 26% was lower than the non‐radical group of 67%, and PFS analysis showed similar tendencies.ConclusionPreoperative chemotherapy is the most favorable initial treatment for patients with limited disease SCLC. Complete surgical resection is considered for patients with stage I and II. Surgical resection remains of no benefit for stage III SCLC patients with persistent N2/N3 after chemotherapy.
Embryos, The Principle of Proportionality, and the Shaky Ground of Moral Respect
Authors: Pugh Jonathan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe debate concerning the moral permissibility of using human embryos in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research has long centred on the question of the embryo's supposed right to life. However, in focussing only on this question, many opponents to hESC research have escaped rigorous scrutiny by making vague and unfounded appeals to the concept of moral respect in order to justify their opposition to certain hESC practices. In this paper, I offer a critical analysis of the concept of moral respect, and its use to support the intuitively appealing principle of proportionality in hESC research. I argue that if proponents of this principle are to justify its adoption by appealing to the concept of moral respect, they must explain two things concerning the nature of the moral respect owed to embryos. First, they must explain which particular aspect of the embryo is morally relevant, and why. Second, they must explain why some uses of embryos in research fail to acknowledge what is morally relevant about the embryo, and thereby involve a violation of the moral respect that they are due. I shall show that providing such explanations may be more difficult than it first appears.
A method of Reflexive Balancing in a Pragmatic, Interdisciplinary and Reflexive Bioethics
Authors: Ives Jonathan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn recent years there has been a wealth of literature arguing the need for empirical and interdisciplinary approaches to bioethics, based on the premise that an empirically informed ethical analysis is more grounded, contextually sensitive and therefore more relevant to clinical practice than an ‘abstract’ philosophical analysis. Bioethics has (arguably) always been an interdisciplinary field, and the rise of ‘empirical’ (bio)ethics need not be seen as an attempt to give a new name to the longstanding practice of interdisciplinary collaboration, but can perhaps best be understood as a substantive attempt to engage with the nature of that interdisciplinarity and to articulate the relationship between the many different disciplines (some of them empirical) that contribute to the field. It can also be described as an endeavour to explain how different disciplinary approaches can be integrated to effectively answer normative questions in bioethics, and fundamental to that endeavour is the need to think about how a robust methodology can be articulated that successfully marries apparently divergent epistemological and metaethical perspectives with method.This paper proposes ‘Reflexive Bioethics’ (RB) as a methodology for interdisciplinary and empirical bioethics, which utilizes a method of ‘Reflexive Balancing’ (RBL). RBL has been developed in response to criticisms of various forms of reflective equilibrium, and is built upon a pragmatic characterization of Bioethics and a ‘quasi‐moral foundationalism’, which allows RBL to avoid some of the difficulties associated with RE and yet retain the flexible egalitarianism that makes it intuitively appealing to many.
Paediatricians' decision making about prescribing stimulant medications for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Chow S‐J. , Sciberras E. , Gillam L. H. , Green J. , Efron D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now the most common reason for a child to present to a paediatrician in Australia. Stimulant medications are commonly prescribed for children with ADHD, to reduce symptoms and improve function. In this study we investigated the factors that influence paediatricians' decisions about prescribing stimulant medications.MethodIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with paediatricians (n = 13) who were purposively recruited so as to sample a broad demographic of paediatricians working in diverse clinical settings. Paediatricians were recruited from public outpatient and private paediatrician clinics in Victoria, Australia. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Paediatricians also completed a questionnaire describing their demographic and practice characteristics.ResultsOur findings showed that the decision to prescribe is a dynamic process involving two key domains: (1) weighing up clinical factors; and (2) interacting with parents and the patient along the journey to prescribing. Five themes relating to this process emerged from data analysis: comprehensive assessments that include history, examination and information from others; influencing factors such as functional impairment and social inclusion; previous success; facilitating parental understanding including addressing myths and parental confusion; and decision‐making model.ConclusionsPaediatricians' decisions to prescribe stimulant medications are influenced by multiple factors that operate concurrently and interdependently. Paediatricians do not make decisions about prescribing in isolation; rather, they actively involve parents, teachers and patients, to arrive at a collective, well‐informed decision.
The macroinvertebrate seedbank promotes community persistence in temporary rivers across climate zones
Authors: Stubbington Rachel , Datry Thibault 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Aquatic macroinvertebrates inhabiting temporary rivers are typically described as having low resistance to riverbed drying. However, little research has examined the ‘seedbank’ within dry riverbed sediments, which comprises aquatic life stages that survive in dewatered sediments and from which active organisms may develop only after surface water returns.

We synthesised published and unpublished data from studies that had experimentally rehydrated sediments collected from dry riverbeds, to establish the importance of the seedbank in promoting macroinvertebrate community resistance. Studies from across climate zones were included, to examine seedbank importance in relation to environmental harshness and, in particular, sediment moisture. We also assessed the importance of the seedbank relative to alternative habitats promoting persistence of the flowing river (FR) assemblage. We predicted that the proportion of the FR assemblage present in rehydrated sediments (RS) would decrease with environmental harshness, due to conditions within the sediments becoming less conducive to the survival of biota.

A negative relationship between the proportion of FR taxa present in RS and harshness was observed, and this contributed to a reduction in the compositional similarity of FR and RS assemblages as harshness increased. Significant positive correlations were identified between sediment moisture content and macroinvertebrate community metrics (density and taxon richness) in some systems.

Habitats external to the dry reach, which contribute to community resilience, were invariably inhabited by a greater number of FR taxa than rehydrated sediments. However, rehydrated sediments included several FR taxa that were not found in any other habitats during the dry phase, including families of Coleoptera and Diptera.

Our results indicate the importance of the seedbank as a resistance mechanism for temporary river macroinvertebrates. With climate change scenarios predicting an increase in riverbed drying, maintaining habitats that facilitate the persistence of instream communities during dry phases is an increasing priority. We identified strong relationships between sediment moisture and taxon richness, and river management and rehabilitation activities should therefore aim to retain moisture in drying sediments, by manipulating parameters such as riparian shading.
Climate‐change effects and adaptation options for temperate pasture‐based dairy farming systems: a review
Authors: Lee J. M. , Clark A. J. , Roche J. R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTemperate pasture‐based dairy farming systems with low input of supplementary feed are vulnerable to changes in climate through alterations in feed supply and nutritive value. Although current systems inNewZealand (NZ) and southeastAustralia have been successful in adapting to variable weather conditions, they will need to undergo further changes to continue to profit in the future. This review describes predicted changes in climate inNZand southeastAustralia, likely effects on the feedbase used in the pasture‐based dairy industry and the flow‐on effect on milk‐solids production and profitability. Potential adaptation options that will allow farmers to take advantage of new opportunities and minimize any negative impacts of climate change are also identified. For example, in many regions, annual pasture production is predicted to increase due to carbon dioxide fertilization and warmer temperatures during winter/spring. Production may decline, however, in regions with either reduced rainfall or severe flooding. Should this occur, farmers could strategically use supplementary feed, reduce stocking rates, irrigate or sow alternative plant species with greater drought tolerance. Pasture‐based dairy systems have high levels of adaptive capacity, and there are opportunities to continue to improve production efficiencies particularly where rainfall change is small. Further investigation into possible adaptation options is required to determine their impact on milk‐solids production and profitability, as well as to identify additional options.
Measurement of the normal/tangential fracture compliance ratio (ZN/ZT) during hydraulic fracture stimulation using S‐wave splitting data
Authors: Verdon James P. , Wüstefeld Andreas 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWe develop a method to invert S‐wave splitting (SWS) observations, measured on microseismic event data, for the ratio of normal to tangential compliance (ZN/ZT) of sets of aligned fractures. We demonstrate this method by inverting for ZN/ZT using SWS measurements made during hydraulic fracture stimulation of the Cotton Valley tight gas reservoir, Texas. When the full SWS data set is inverted, we find that ZN/ZT= 0.74 ± 0.04. Windowing the data by time, we were able to observe variations in ZN/ZT as the fracture stimulation progresses. Most notably, we observe an increase in ZN/ZT contemporaneous with proppant injection. Rock physics models and laboratory observations have shown that ZN/ZT can be sensitive to (1) the stiffness of the fluid filling the fracture, (2) the extent to which this fluid can flow in and out of the fracture during the passage of a seismic wave and (3) the internal architecture of the fracture, including the roughness of the fracture surfaces, the number and size of any asperities and the presence of material filling the fracture. These factors have direct implications for modelling the fluid‐flow properties of fractures. Consequently, the ability to image ZN/ZT using SWS will provide useful information about fractured rocks and allow additional constraints to be placed on reservoir behaviour.
Effects of Nb2O5 Doping on the Microwave Dielectric Properties and Microstructures of Bi2Mo2O9 Ceramics
Authors: Lee Ying‐Chieh , Chiu Jam‐Da , Chen Yu Hong 
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the effects of the addition of Nb2O5 and sintering temperature on the properties of Bi2Mo2O9 ceramics. The ceramics were sintered in air at temperatures ranging from 620°C to 680°C. The addition of small amounts of Nb2O5 as a dopant significantly affected the crystalline phase and the microwave dielectric properties of the Bi2Mo2O9 ceramics. The secondary phase, γ‐Bi2MoO6, was observed when Nb2O5 was added. However, unlike the Bi2Mo2O9 ceramic without Nb2O5 sintered above 645°C, the ceramics with 3 mol% Nb2O5 contained no γ‐Bi2MoO6 when sintered at 660°C. The Q × f value and τf of the Bi2Mo2O9 ceramics were improved by Nb2O5 doping. The Bi2Mo2O9 ceramics doped with 2 mol% Nb2O5 exhibited the best microwave dielectric properties, with a permittivity of 36.5, a Q × f value (f = resonant frequency, Q = 1/dielectric loss at f) of 14100 GHz and τf of +5.5 ppm/°C after sintering at 620°C.
Influence of Crystallization on the Conversion of Sm3+→Sm2+ in SrO–Bi2O3–K2O–B2O3 Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Wei Donglei , Yuan Beiling , Huang Yanlin , Tsuboi Taiju , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: February 2013

Sm3+‐doped glass 13SrO–2Bi2O3–5K2O–80B2O3 was fabricated by the conventional melt‐quenching technique. The glass‐ceramics were obtained by heating the as‐prepared glasses in air atmosphere at selected temperatures 550°C, 600°C, 615°C, and 650°C, respectively. The luminescence spectra of both Sm3+ and Sm2+ were detected in the ceramic heated at 650°C where crystalline phase is formed. The as‐prepared glass and the ceramics heated at 550°C, 600°C, and 615°C show only the emission due to Sm3+. In the sample heated at 650°C in air atmosphere, however, part of Sm3+ ions was converted to Sm2+, giving rise to sharp emission lines which are characteristic of Sm2+ in crystalline state. It is suggested that Sm2+ ions are located at Sr2+ site in the ceramic while Sm3+ ions are located at Bi3+ sites. The Sm2+‐doped glass‐ceramic has a high optical stability because the fluorescence intensity decreases by only about 8% of its initial value upon excitation at 488 nm Ar+ laser.
First‐Principles Study on Site Preference of Aluminum Vacancy and Nitrogen Atoms in γ–Alon
Authors: Tu Bingtian , Wang Hao , Liu Xiao , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: February 2013

The disorder in γ–alon is caused by random arrangement of nitrogen atoms and aluminum vacancies. To understand the properties and electronic structure of γ–alon by theoretical methods, the most reasonable structure model is needed. We examined the site preference of nitrogen atoms and aluminum vacancies by first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations on Al24O24N8 and Al23O27N5. The calculated results for Al24O24N8 with the lowest total energy indicated that nitrogen atoms prefer to be far away from each other, rather than in a completely random arrangement. The further investigation on Al23O27N5 shows that the aluminum vacancies tend to possess octahedral sites and coordinate only with oxygen atoms. Evaluated by lattice variances (Da and Dθ) and simulated XRD pattern, the most reasonable structure model of Al23O27N5 has little deviation from the experimental results. The calculated bulk modulus of 200.9 GPa in Al23O27N5 is slightly lower than the experimental value. The electronic structure reveals that the bonds of Al–N and Al–O have partially covalent and ionic characterization, while the covalent bond strength of Al–N is stronger than that of Al–O. The calculated band gap is 3.99 eV, which is much closer to the experimental 4.56 eV than previous suggestions.
Evidence for progressive reduction and loss of telocytes in the dermal cellular network of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Manetti Mirko , Guiducci Serena , Ruffo Martina , Rosa Irene , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria Simonetta , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Ibba‐Manneschi Lidia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTelocytes, a peculiar type of stromal cells, have been recently identified in a variety of tissues and organs, including human skin. Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a complex connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. We presently investigated telocyte distribution and features in the skin of SSc patients compared with normal skin. By an integrated immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy approach, we confirmed that telocytes were present in human dermis, where they were mainly recognizable by their typical ultrastructural features and were immunophenotypically characterized by CD34 expression. Our findings also showed that dermal telocytes were immunophenotypically negative for CD31/PECAM‐1 (endothelial cells), α‐SMA (myofibroblasts, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells), CD11c (dendritic cells, macrophages), CD90/Thy‐1 (fibroblasts) and c‐kit/CD117 (mast cells). In normal skin, telocytes were organized to form three‐dimensional networks distributed among collagen bundles and elastic fibres, and surrounded microvessels, nerves and skin adnexa (hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands). Telocytes displayed severe ultrastructural damages (swollen mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuolization, lipofuscinic bodies) suggestive of ischaemia‐induced cell degeneration and were progressively lost from the clinically affected skin of SSc patients. Telocyte damage and loss evolved differently according to SSc subsets and stages, being more rapid and severe in diffuse SSc. Briefly, in human skin telocytes are a distinct stromal cell population. In SSc skin, the progressive loss of telocytes might (i) contribute to the altered three‐dimensional organization of the extracellular matrix, (ii) reduce the control of fibroblast, myofibroblast and mast cell activity, and (iii) impair skin regeneration and/or repair.
Viruses: are they really culprits for periodontal disease? A critical review
Authors: Ambili Ranjith , Preeja Chandran , Archana Vilasan , Nisha Krishnavilasam Jayakumary , Seba Abraham , Reejamol Mohammed Khasim 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPeriodontal diseases are multifactorial, and many etiological agents are suggested to play a role in their etiopathogenesis. Various risk factors are also suggested to influence the progression of periodontal disease. Until recently, specific bacteria were considered the major pathogens for the disease. However, the occurrence of periodontal disease in some patient groups is still poorly understood, and the role of other initiating agents is being investigated. Evidence strongly suggests the presence of many strains of viruses in the periodontal environment, and possible mechanisms have also been suggested. Periodontal disease as a risk factor for other systemic diseases can also be better explained based on this viral etiology. In this review, we critically analyze the role of viruses in different periodontal diseases, and provide a categorical description of the underlying mechanisms. Clinical implications and future directions are also discussed. Evidence of a causal role of herpes viruses in periodontitis might revolutionize existing strategies to diagnose, prevent, and treat the disease.
Genetic analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis (fimA), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and red complex in coronary plaque
Authors: Mahendra Jaideep , Mahendra Little , Felix John , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe objective of the present study was to detect the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (fimA), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and red complex in the coronary plaque of patients with coronary artery disease.MethodsThe study population consisted of 51 patients with chronic periodontitis undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. DNA was extracted from subgingival and coronary atherosclerotic plaque samples. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the part of 16S rRNA gene to detect the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis (fimA), Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola.ResultsAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis (fimA), and Treponema denticola were detected in 0%, 31.4%, 45.1%, 39.2%, and 51% of the atherosclerotic plaque samples, respectively. In both subgingival and coronary atherosclerotic plaque samples, Tannerella forsythia was detected in 19.6%, Porphyromonas gingivalis in 39.2%, Porphyromonas gingivalis (fimA) in 33.3%, and Treponema denticola in 35.3% of the samples.ConclusionThe study confirmed the detection of red complex bacteria in coronary plaque samples. However Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans could not be detected in these samples.