bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage legume responses to climate change factors
Authors: Sollenberger Lynn E. , Kohmann Marta M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIncorporating forage legumes into grasslands is a recommended climate change mitigation strategy, but accruing desired benefits from legumes is contingent upon their resilience when exposed to climate change factors (CCF). Our objective was to synthesize literature describing responses to CCF of a broad array of forage legume species, including annuals and perennials from both temperate and tropical/subtropical regions. Most‐represented species in the related literature include alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), various Trifolium and Lotus species, rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.), and capitata stylo (Stylosanthes capitata Vogel). The data indicate that while CCF effects on forage legumes can be generalized, interactions among CCF, species, and site‐specific soil/climate conditions may cause variation from expected responses. In most instances, exposing forage legumes to CO2 enrichment (eCO2) increased forage accumulation (FA), but elevated temperature (eT) often reduced the magnitude of the positive response to eCO2. Photosynthetic acclimation to eCO2 occurs in non‐N‐fixing plants, but legume nodules are large C sinks and drive sustained increases in legume FA to eCO2. Legume N2 fixation and the proportion of legume N derived from N2 fixation increase with eCO2, but the magnitude of the increases lessens with eT. Legume nutritive value (NV) responses to eCO2 are less pronounced than FA responses, but decreased herbage N and greater nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations are common. Exposure to eT negatively affects NV unless intervals between defoliation events are shortened. Limited data on reproductive performance show CCF affect flower number, pollen grain morphology and viability, and behavior of pollinators, potentially influencing legume reproductive success.
Ensuring Stability of Anode Catalysts in PEMWE: From Material Design to Practical Application
Authors: Wang Lina , Pan Qingzhi , Liang Xiao , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) has emerged as a clean and effective approach for the conversion and storage of renewable electricity, particularly due to its compatibility with fluctuating photovoltaic and wind power. However, the high cost and limited performance of iridium oxide catalysts (i. e. IrO2) used as anode catalyst in industrial PEM electrolyzers remain significant obstacles to widespread application. Although numerous low‐cost and efficient alternative catalysts have been developed in laboratory research, comprehensive stability studies critical for industrial use are often overlooked. This leads to the failure of performance transfer from catalysts tested in liquid half‐cell systems to those employed in PEM electrolyzers. This concept presents a thorough overview for the stability issues of anode catalysts in PEMWE, and discuss their degradation mechanisms in both liquid half‐cell systems and PEM electrolyzers. We summarize the comprehensive protocols for assessment and characterization, analyze the effective strategies for stability optimization, and explore the opportunities for designing viable anode catalysts for PEM electrolyzers.
Short‐term grazing reduced community stability by decreasing community‐wide asynchrony and dominant species stability
Authors: Hao Jie , Diao Huajie , Su Yuan , Xu Peidong , Dong Kuanhu , Wang Changhui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effects of grazing on natural grasslands' plant composition, diversity, and productivity depend on the intensity of grazing. Besides grazing intensity, animal composition is also important. However, whether and how sheep grazing intensity affects the temporal biomass stability of plant communities is unclear. Here, we conducted a 5‐year grazing experiment to evaluate the effects of four grazing intensities on community biomass stability and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that the higher grazing intensity significantly decreased community biomass stability, community‐wide asynchrony, functional groups asynchrony, dominant species stability, and species dominance, but did not affect species richness. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that grazing decreased community biomass stability by decreasing dominant species stability and community‐wide asynchrony, which was attributable to the reduction in plant functional group asynchrony. Our results highlight the importance of functional group composition and dynamics in predicting the changes in community function in sheep grazing grassland ecosystems. Under continuous seasonal grazing conditions, the sustainable function and human services of grasslands in the agropastoral ecotone might decrease in the future.
Synthesis of Enamides through Hydro‐Functionalization of Ynamides
Authors: Mishra Archana , Sekhar Pati Subhransu , Das Jaya Prakash 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost of the methods for the synthesis of functionalized enamides from ynamides were developed in the last two decades showing the contemporary interest in the exploration of ynamide chemistry. The utilization of the intrinsic reactivity of the ynamide triple bond through keteniminium intermediacy, coordination with metals, and as a radical acceptor toward the development of strategies for the synthesis of functionalized enamides reflect the constant strive and creativity in the design and execution of synthetic methods. The present review summarizes the synthetic strategies developed during the last two decades and is divided into the sections depending on the type of hydrofunctionalization reaction. It may be predicted that this field of chemistry will continue to grow exponentially in the coming years and the ready availability of a wide range of ynamides now provides an excellent opportunity to further enrich mainstream synthetic methodologies.
Organisational antecedents of employee ambassadorship on social network sites
Authors: van Prooijen Anne‐Marie , Wirtz Coen , Ellemers Naomi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrganisations seeking to enhance their reputation increasingly depend on social network messages—for instance, from employees—instead of being able to control this through their formal communications. The present research aimed to examine how employees’ willingness to share positive messages about their organisation on their social network sites (SNS) relates to organisational features and activities. Specifically, we examined whether employee ambassadorship on SNS relates to two key dimensions of social evaluation: perceived organisational morality and competence. Results of three studies suggest that organisational features can motivate employees to support their organisation online. Across different samples and measures, employee evaluations of organisational morality were a stronger statistical predictor of online ambassadorship than their evaluations of organisational competence. Organisational identification, not external prestige, mediated the effect of organisational morality on online ambassadorship. This suggests that perceived organisational morality relates to intrinsic motives of employees to support their organisation on SNS.
Detection and adsorption of florfenicol in milk using bifunctional carbon dot–doped molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Li Weiyan , Sun Chuansheng , Wang Haiping , Bai Qingyan , Xu Yi , Bo Chunmiao , Ou Junjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDetection of florfenicol (FF) residues in animal‐derived foods, as one of the most widely used antibiotics, is critically important to food safety. The fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization technique with poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) microspheres, 4‐vinylpyridine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and FF as the matrix, functional monomer, crosslinker, and template molecule, respectively. Meanwhile, N–S co‐doped carbon dot (CD) was synthesized with triammonium citrate and thiourea as precursors under microwave irradiation at 400 W for 2.5 min and then integrated into FF‐MIP to obtain CD@FF‐MIP. For comparison, non‐imprinted polymer (NIP) without FF was also prepared. The adsorption capacity of CD@FF‐MIP to FF reached 53.1 mg g−1, which was higher than that of FF‐MIP (34.7 mg g−1), whereas the adsorption capacity of NIP was only 17.3 mg g−1. The adsorption equilibrium of three materials was reached within 50 min. Particularly, CD@FF‐MIP exhibited an excellent fluorescence quenching response to FF in the concentration range of 3–50 µmol L−1. As a result, CD@FF‐MIP was successfully utilized to extract FF in milk samples, which were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The standard recoveries were 95.8%–98.2%, and the relative standard deviation was 1.6%–4.2%. The method showed the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and low cost, and also demonstrated a great application prospect in food detection.
Exploring the ancient roots and modern global brews of tea and herbal beverages: A comprehensive review of origins, types, health benefits, market dynamics, and future trends
Authors: Huda Hisham‐Sultan‐Alkatib , Majid Nazia Binti Abdul , Chen Yeng , Adnan Mohd , Ashraf Syed Amir , Roszko Marek , Bryła Marcin , Kieliszek Marek , Sasidharan Sreenivasan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTea, a culturally significant beverage, originated around 2700 B.C. in ancient Chinese civilization, with a profound understanding of its therapeutic properties. Herbal medicines from diverse plant sources have been esteemed for their phytochemical content. Today, tea's appeal spans the globe, with various processing techniques creating distinct tea varieties. This review article comprehensively explores tea and herbal teas, encompassing their origins, types, trade history, health benefits, chemical composition, and market and future dynamics. This review examines tea's evolution from ancient China to its global significance and analyzes the impact of tea trade routes on cultural exchanges and trade dynamics. The review covers conventional teas (black, green, and oolong), blended teas, and herbal teas. It primarily focuses on herbal beverages' chemical composition and active components derived from diverse plants and botanicals, highlighting their traditional uses and health‐promoting applications. The review provides valuable insights into the dynamic herbal tea market, growth, consumer preferences, industry trends, and future aspects of the herbal beverage. Additionally, it explores the proper classification and preparation of herbal drinks for maximum benefits, shedding light on tea manufacturing and preparation processes. This review is a valuable resource for tea enthusiasts, health‐conscious individuals, and industry stakeholders, offering profound insights into teas and their multifaceted allure.
Comparative content analysis and biological activity studies of fatty and essential oils from some garlic products sold in Turkish community pharmacies, natural, and fermented garlic
Authors: Deniz Elif Ulutaş , Yuca Hafize , Aydın Bilge , Öztürk Gözde , Çoban Furkan , Göger Gamze , Demirci Betül , Karakaya Songül 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGarlic (Alliaceae), an annual herb, is renowned not only for its distinctive flavor but also for its extensive therapeutic applications in managing various ailments and health conditions. In this study, garlic products identified as the best‐selling items in Turkish pharmacies for various purposes were compared with garlic grown under standard conditions in terms of chemical composition and antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Three of garlic samples were prepared by researchers. According to survey results, the most commonly sold garlic‐related products in pharmacies are black garlic extract tablets (4), capsules (5), garlic oil (6), garlic oil pearls (7), and fermented garlic (8). Diallyl disulfide (DADS) was identified as a predominant compound in sampled oils, ranging from 4.9% to 48.6%. Another noteworthy finding is the identification of allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide as major components in sampled oils, with concentrations spanning from 2.9% to 9.8% and 0.4% to 17.5%, respectively. In both 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic) acid (ABTS·+) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) tests, Sample 1 (fermented) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Sample 3 (cultivated) was richer in total phenol–total tannin content. Sample 6 exhibited the highest α‐glucosidase inhibition among antidiabetic activities, reaching 28.93%. Sample 5 capsules demonstrated the highest α‐amylase inhibition at 51.50%. Sample 7 exhibited the most notable inhibition against both acetylcholinesterase (22.92%) and butyrylcholinesterase (13.37%). Samples 3, 6, and 8 were found to be more effective against Candida tropicalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 625 μg/mL. A comprehensive study on garlic products, including popular items from Turkish pharmacies and those grown under standard conditions, revealed diverse chemical compositions and multifaceted health properties.
Evaluation of microbiological, antioxidant, thermal, rheological and sensory properties of ice cream fermented with kefir culture and flavored with mint (Menthaspicata L.)
Authors: Öztürk‐Yalçın Feyza , Ürkek Bayram , Şengül Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKefir is a healthy fermented dairy product, while ice cream is one of the most consumed dairy products. In this research, ice cream was fermented using a commercial kefir culture and flavored with a mint aroma in different proportions: 0% (KI), 0.2% (KIM2), 0.4% (KIM4), and 0.6% (KIM6). The study investigated the microbiological, thermal, rheological, textural, compositional, and sensory properties as well as antioxidant activity of kefir ice cream samples during 45‐day storage. The lactic bacilli, lactic cocci, and Leuconostoc counts of samples were >7 log CFU/g, while the yeast counts were <4 log CFU/g. The microbiological properties (except for yeast counts) of the samples were coherent with legal limits. Antioxidant values (except for samples KIM2 and KIM6) values did not indicate significant differences (p < .05). The pH and melting rate values of the samples decreased with the addition of mint flavor, while acidity values increased. The addition of mint aroma caused significant changes in the thermal properties of ice cream. The overrun, a*, WI, and hardness values of the samples decreased based on the mint flavor concentration, whereas the viscosity and rheological increased. Samples KI and KIM2 were scored higher than other samples for all sensory properties. As a result, fermented ice cream flavored (0.2% mint) with mint could be produced as a desirable dairy product with potential functional properties.
Brain functional gradient and structure features in adolescent and adult autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Ruan Lili , Chen Guangxiang , Yao Menglin , Li Cheng , Chen Xiu , Luo Hua , Ruan Jianghai , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Dechou , Liang Sicheng , Lü Muhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how function and structure are organized and their coupling with clinical traits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a primary goal in network neuroscience research for ASD. Atypical brain functional networks and structures in individuals with ASD have been reported, but whether these associations show heterogeneous hierarchy modeling in adolescents and adults with ASD remains to be clarified. In this study, 176 adolescent and 74 adult participants with ASD without medication or comorbidities and sex, age matched healthy controls (HCs) from 19 research groups from the openly shared Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II database were included. To investigate the relationship between the functional gradient, structural changes, and clinical symptoms of brain networks in adolescents and adults with ASD, functional gradient and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analyses based on 1000 parcels defined by Schaefer mapped to Yeo's seven‐network atlas were performed. Pearson's correlation was calculated between the gradient scores, gray volume and density, and clinical traits. The subsystem‐level analysis showed that the second gradient scores of the default mode networks and frontoparietal network in patients with ASD were relatively compressed compared to adolescent HCs. Adult patients with ASD showed an overall compression gradient of 1 in the ventral attention networks. In addition, the gray density and volumes of the subnetworks showed no significant differences between the ASD and HC groups at the adolescent stage. However, adults with ASD showed decreased gray density in the limbic network. Moreover, numerous functional gradient parameters, but not VBM parameters, in adolescents with ASD were considerably correlated with clinical traits in contrast to those in adults with ASD. Our findings proved that the atypical changes in adolescent ASD mainly involve the brain functional network, while in adult ASD, the changes are more related to brain structure, including gray density and volume. These changes in functional gradients or structures are markedly correlated with clinical traits in patients with ASD. Our study provides a novel understanding of the pathophysiology of the structure–function hierarchy in ASD.
Electrophysiological correlation of auditory selective spatial attention in the “cocktail party” situation
Authors: Liu Hongxing , Bai Yanru , Zheng Qi , Liu Jihan , Zhu Jianing , Ni Guangjian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe auditory system can selectively attend to the target source in complex environments, the phenomenon known as the “cocktail party” effect. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of electrophysiological activity associated with auditory selective spatial attention (ASSA) remain largely unexplored. In this study, single‐source and multiple‐source paradigms were designed to simulate different auditory environments, and microstate analysis was introduced to reveal the electrophysiological correlates of ASSA. Furthermore, cortical source analysis was employed to reveal the neural activity regions of these microstates. The results showed that five microstates could explain the spatiotemporal dynamics of ASSA, ranging from MS1 to MS5. Notably, MS2 and MS3 showed significantly lower partial properties in multiple‐source situations than in single‐source situations, whereas MS4 had shorter durations and MS5 longer durations in multiple‐source situations than in single‐source situations. MS1 had insignificant differences between the two situations. Cortical source analysis showed that the activation regions of these microstates initially transferred from the right temporal cortex to the temporal–parietal cortex, and subsequently to the dorsofrontal cortex. Moreover, the neural activity of the single‐source situations was greater than that of the multiple‐source situations in MS2 and MS3, correlating with the N1 and P2 components, with the greatest differences observed in the superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule. These findings suggest that these specific microstates and their associated activation regions may serve as promising substrates for decoding ASSA in complex environments.
Bridges and gatekeepers: Employees' willingness to refer qualified candidates on the autism spectrum
Authors: Lup Daniela , Canonico Esther 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecruiting neurodiverse talent has increasingly featured on the organizational diversity agenda, yet recruitment practices geared toward locating and attracting neurodivergent candidates remain understudied. While research and practice have shown that employee referral is one of the channels through which a significant part of new talent is recruited, little is known about employees' willingness to refer qualified social contacts who are neurodivergent. We address this limitation by investigating employees' willingness to refer highly qualified candidates on the autism spectrum and some conditions under which they are more or less likely to refer such candidates. We explore these aspects in a study of working individuals, using a mixed‐method approach. The quantitative analysis shows that disclosure of an autism condition to potential referrers might pose some advantage, in that it increases the likelihood of being referred, but this advantage accrues only to male candidates. Furthermore, cues that hint at the social dimension of the “ideal worker,” commonly used in job recruitment materials, are the strongest deterrent for referrers. The qualitative analysis of the reasons behind decisions to refer sheds light on some mechanisms that might explain these findings.
Selective enzymatic debridement and modified Meek technique in the treatment of extensive burns: Preliminary observations
Authors: Minic Jasminka , Vigato Enrico , Shoham Yaron , Lavagnolo Umberto , Governa Maurizio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelective bromelain‐based enzymatic debridement (BED) has emerged as a valid alternative for the treatment of extensive burns, with Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) > 20%. Autologous skin grafting represents the procedure of choice but the scarcity of donor sites remains the main reconstructive challenge. The modified Meek micro‐grafting technique may represent a valid strategy to optimize the final outcome.MethodsA single‐cohort retrospective analysis was performed, involving nine burn patients (TBSA > 20%) who underwent both BED and subsequently modified Meek technique. Demographic and clinical data (mechanism of injury, surgical treatment, complications, necessity of re‐grafting, further surgery and esthetic outcome) were collected.ResultsAll patients had large burns of mixed and deep dermal thickness (first, second, and third degree). All burns were enzymatically debrided postadmission and covered by the modified Meek technique. Local infection due to poor general conditions was the main complication for all patients. All but two patients survived. The selectiveness of the enzymatic debridement and dermal preservation seemed to improve the quality of scars resulting from micro‐grafting. Evaluations performed at 12 ± 2 months postburn showed superior scar quality compared to areas treated with traditional (sheet/mesh) grafts.ConclusionCombined BED and Meek techniques may provide an effective synergic combination for the treatment of extensive burns.