bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem Drinking by Race and Nativity: What Is Learned from Social Structural and Mental Health‐Related Data of US‐Born and Immigrant Respondents?
Authors: Lo Celia C. , Howell Rebecca J. , Cheng Tyrone C. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives: Although heavy drinking is considered a health risk, research demonstrates that some adults turn to alcohol in an effort to manage disabling stress or mental health problems. Race and nativity may be associated with such decisions to “self‐medicate” with alcohol. This study identified and compared links between problem drinking and social structural and mental health‐related factors for four race‐nativity groups.Methods: Using data from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey, the final sample comprised 7,905 US‐born Whites, 390 foreign‐born Whites, 2,110 US‐born Blacks, and 193 foreign‐born Blacks. Investigated were the social structural variables of demographic factors (age, gender), socioeconomic status (employment, income, education), and social integration factors (family size, living with a partner). Mental health‐related variables included chronic mental illness and access to and use of mental health services.Results: Overall, both types of variables were found to be associated with large‐quantity drinking and frequent binging, with the strength of association varying—for some factors—by race and/or nativity. Further, the findings indicated that, in the presence of chronic mental illness, both US‐ and foreign‐born Black Americans engaged in relatively frequent binge‐drinking when health‐care variables were controlled.Conclusions and Scientific Significance: These results underscore the need for mental health professionals to identify co‐occurring mental illness and alcohol abuse among Black clients and, where it is found, to seek the root causes of the persistent stress that tends to accompany this co‐occurrence. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S77–S87)
Attitudes Toward Methamphetamine Use and HIV Risk Behavior in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Benotsch Eric G. , Lance Shannon Perschbacher , Nettles Christopher D. , Koester Stephen 
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives: Methamphetamine use has been strongly associated with high‐risk sexual behaviors, and its use has been increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although the behavioral implications of methamphetamine use and sexual risk have been broadly examined, fewer studies have examined attitudes about methamphetamine use.Methods: This study investigates the relationship between personal beliefs regarding methamphetamine use, patterns of use, and sexual risk behaviors within a sample of MSM attending a gay pride event (N= 342).Results: A minority of MSM reported lifetime (27%) or recent (7%) methamphetamine use. Only a minority of MSM who had used methamphetamine believed that it enhanced sexual pleasure (32%) or incorporated methamphetamine use into their sexual activity (31%). Individuals who used methamphetamine during sexual activity were more likely to be recent users of the drug and more likely to engage in high‐risk behaviors. A significant minority of participants endorsed items assessing the disinhibiting effects of methamphetamine including being less likely to use a condom (35%) and less selective in their choice of partners (26%).Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Results suggest that prevention efforts may benefit from targeting the minority of methamphetamine users who perceive methamphetamine as enhancing sexual activity and use it for this purpose. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S35–S42)
Correlates of Depressive Symptoms among Alcohol‐Using Methadone Maintained Adults
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline , Albarrán Cynthia R. , Branson Catherine , Marfisee Mary , Khalilifard Farinaz , Leake Barbara 
Published: September 2015

Background: Alcohol‐using clients are considered at great risk for hepatitis and ongoing liver damage. This study explores the correlates of depression among a sample of methadone maintained treatment (MMT) adults in the Los Angeles area, and is part of a larger study on hepatitis health promotion among MMT clients who use alcohol.Objectives: We sought to determine correlates of depressive symptoms among moderate and heavy alcohol‐using adults enrolled in methadone maintenance.Methods: A cross‐sectional correlation study was conducted of baseline data from a randomized control trial of adults (N= 189) receiving MMT in Los Angeles. Depressive symptoms were measured with the 10‐item short‐form CES‐D.Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that pain and social support were key correlates of depressive symptoms. More pain was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (p= .001), while more social support was related to lower depressive symptom severity (p= .001). Having been in sufficiently poor health that a blood transfusion, clotting factors, or an organ transplant was necessary was associated with greater depressive symptomatology, as was having injected drugs in the past month (p= .024).Conclusions: The findings from this investigation can aid clinicians in selecting clients to monitor for early signs of depression and encourage early treatment for opioid users with comorbidities.Scientific Significance: The use of an interdisciplinary team to care for MMT clients, routinely screen for depressive symptoms, and emphasize adequate pain control is indicated. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S49–S55)
An Expanded Self‐Medication Hypothesis Based on Cognitive‐Behavioral Determinants for Heroin Abusers in Taiwan: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sam Lee Kun‐Hua , Bowen Sarah , Oei Tian P. S. , Yen Cheng‐Fang 
Published: September 2015

Background: This study proposed and examined an expanded self‐medication hypothesis (eSMH) model based on cognitive behavioral determinants, including the direct effects of negative emotional states, positive outcome expectancies and refusal self‐efficacy on heroin use, and the mediating roles of positive outcome expectancies and refusal self‐efficacy between negative emotional states and heroin use.Methods: A total of 360 male heroin abusers were recruited from a drug abuse treatment center in Taiwan. Participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires on frequency of heroin use, anxious/depressive mood, positive outcome expectancies, and refusal self‐efficacy. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the eSMH model.Results: Results showed that the eSMH model displayed proper goodness‐of‐fit. Positive outcome expectancies and negative emotional status were significant predictors of heroin use, whereas refusal self‐efficacy was not a significant predictor. Additionally, positive self‐efficacy was a mediator between negative emotional status and heroin use.Conclusion: Results support a reduced eSMH model and suggest a significant role of positive self‐efficacy in the relationship between negative affective states and heroin use. This relationship should be examined in the longitudinal study, and should be given clinical consideration in treatment of individuals struggling with heroin abuse and negative affective states. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S43–S48)
Prevalence and predictors for clinical attachment loss in adolescents in Latin America: cross‐sectional study
Authors: Morales Alicia , Carvajal Paola , Romanelli Hugo , Gómez Mariel , Loha Cristina , Esper María E. , Musso Graciela , Ardila Carlos M. , Duque Andrés , Medina Marco , Bueno Luis , Andrade Ernesto , Mendoza Carolina , Gamonal Jorge 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo describe the prevalence, severity and extension of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and to study the predictors in 15‐ to 19‐year‐old adolescents from high schools in the Latin America.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional, epidemiological study was performed. The sample included 1070 high school adolescents 15–19 years of age from Santiago de Chile (Chile), Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Mendoza (Argentina), Montevideo (Uruguay), Quito (Ecuador) and Medellín (Colombia). Calibrated examiners performed full mouth, six sites per tooth clinical examination.ResultsThere was a response rate of 100%. The prevalence of CAL ≥3 mm in ≥1 site was 32.6%, probing pocket depth ≥4 mm was 59.3% and bleeding on probing (BoP) ≥25% was 28.6%. The logistic regression analysis adjusted for cities revealed that smoking (OR = 1.6), attending public school (OR = 2.3) and having a BoP ≥25% (OR = 4.2) were positively associated with CAL ≥3 mm in ≥ 1 site.ConclusionClinical attachment loss was prevalent in Latin America adolescents and it is associated with smoking, attendance public school and BoP.
Escherichia coli O121:H19 infection identified on microagglutination assay and PCR
Authors: Sakai Tomoyuki , Sawai Toshihiro , Shimizu Yasuyo , Morimune Takao , Okuda Yusuke , Maruo Yoshihiro , Iyoda Sunao , Takeuchi Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNon‐O157 Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are increasingly recognized as foodborne pathogens that trigger hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The detection and isolation of these strains is important, but distinguishing their bacteriological profiles is difficult. A 2‐year‐old girl developed HUS with mild renal involvement 22 days after consuming barbecued meat. Clinical and laboratory findings gradually improved without specific treatment. Because neither enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) nor Shiga toxins were detected in stool cultures in a clinical laboratory and the patient tested negative for circulating antibodies to O157 lipopolysaccharide, the case was initially diagnosed as probable atypical HUS. Subsequent serodiagnostic microagglutination assay and polymerase chain reaction‐based molecular testing, however, indicated the presence of the EHEC O121:H19 strain with stx2. Thus, to correctly diagnose and treat HUS, a system for detecting non‐O157 STEC in a clinical setting is urgently needed.
Abscisic acid‐induced gene expression in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is mediated by evolutionarily conserved promoter elements
Authors: Ghosh Totan K. , Kaneko Midori , Akter Khaleda , Murai Shuhei , Komatsu Kenji , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Yamato Katsuyuki T. , Kohchi Takayuki , Takezawa Daisuke 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone widely distributed among members of the land plant lineage (Embryophyta), regulating dormancy, stomata closure and tolerance to environmental stresses. In angiosperms (Magnoliophyta), ABA‐induced gene expression is mediated by promoter elements such as the G‐box‐like ACGT‐core motifs recognized by bZIP transcription factors. In contrast, the mode of regulation by ABA of gene expression in liverworts (Marchantiophyta), representing one of the earliest diverging land plant groups, has not been elucidated. In this study, we used promoters of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha dehydrin and the wheat Em genes fused to the β‐glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to investigate ABA‐induced gene expression in liverworts. Transient assays of cultured cells of Marchantia indicated that ACGT‐core motifs proximal to the transcription initiation site play a role in the ABA‐induced gene expression. The RY sequence recognized by B3 transcriptional regulators was also shown to be responsible for the ABA‐induced gene expression. In transgenic Marchantia plants, ABA treatment elicited an increase in GUS expression in young gemmalings, which was abolished by simultaneous disruption of the ACGT‐core and RY elements. ABA‐induced GUS expression was less obvious in mature thalli than in young gemmalings, associated with reductions in sensitivity to exogenous ABA during gametophyte growth. In contrast, lunularic acid, which had been suggested to function as an ABA‐like substance, had no effect on GUS expression. The results demonstrate the presence of ABA‐specific response mechanisms mediated by conserved cis‐regulatory elements in liverworts, implying that the mechanisms had been acquired in the common ancestors of embryophytes.
Health trends in a geriatric and special needs clinic patient population
Authors: Lee Katherine J. , Ettinger Ronald L. , Cowen Howard J. , Caplan Daniel J. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo quantify differences and recent changes in health status among patients attending the Geriatric and Special Needs Dentistry (GSND) and Family Dentistry (FAMD) clinics at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry.MethodsA total of 388 randomly selected records from patients attending the GSND or FAMD clinics from 1996–2000 or from 2006–2010 were reviewed. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted, followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses to compare characteristics of patients across clinics.ResultsBetween the two GSND cohorts, the mean number of medications reported increased from 4.0 to 6.5 (p < 0.001). Within both cohorts, mental health conditions were significantly more prevalent among patients attending the GSND than FAMD clinic (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWithin cohorts, patients seen in the GSND clinic tended to have more medical problems than patients attending the FAMD clinic, particularly mental health conditions; and medication use was more common in the recent cohort in both GSND and FAMD clinics.
Endorse or Not to Endorse: Understanding the Determinants of Newspapers’ Likelihood of Making Political Recommendations
Authors: de Leon Fernanda Leite Lopez 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the determinants of newspapers’ provision for political opinion. I empirically examine the role of newspapers’ political preferences and market competition on newspapers’ decision to make endorsements. Regression results suggest that market competition turns newspapers more likely to make endorsements. Results from a simple model show that newspapers’ ideology determine their endorsements, making partisan papers more likely to make political recommendations and endorse challengers than non‐partisan newspapers.
Soil organic carbon stock variability in the Northern Gangetic Plains of India: interaction between agro‐ecological characteristics and cropping systems
Authors: Singh V. K. , Rani M. , Dwivedi B. S. , Singh S. K. , Gupta V. K. , Majumdar K. , Mishra R. P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) content and its spatial distribution in the Northern Gangetic Plain (NGP) Zone of India were determined to establish the cause–effect relationship between agro‐ecological characteristics, prevailing crop management practices andSOCstock. Area Spread Index (ASI) approach was used to collect soil samples from theNGPareas supporting predominant cropping systems. Exponential ordinary kriging was found most suitable geo‐statistical model for developingSOCsurface maps of theNGP. Predicted surface maps indicated that 43.7% area ofNGPhad 0.5–0.6%SOC, while the rest of the area was equally distributed with high (0.61–0.75%) and low (< 0.5%)SOCcontent levels. Averaged across cropping systems, maximumSOCcontent was recorded in Bhabar and Tarai Zone (BTZ), followed by Central Plain Zone (CPZ), Mid‐Western Plain Zone (MWPZ), Western Plain Zone (WPZ) and South‐Western Plain Zone (SWPZ) of theNGP. TheSOCstock was above the optimum threshold (> 12.5 Mg/ha) in 97.8, 57.6 and 46.4% areas ofBTZ,CPZandMWPZ, respectively. Only 9.8 and 0.4% area ofWPZandSWPZ, respectively, hadSOCstock above the threshold value. The variation inSOCstock was attributed largely to carbon addition through recycling of organic sources, cropping systems, tillage intensity, crop or residue cover and land‐use efficiency, nutrient‐use pattern, soil texture and prevailing ecosystem. Adoption of conservation agriculture, balanced use of nutrients, inclusion of legumes in cropping systems and agro‐forestry were suggested for enhancingSOCstock in the region.
Incidence and risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis in unmanipulated haploidentical transplant recipients
Authors: Ruggeri A. , Roth‐Guepin G. , Battipaglia G. , Mamez A.‐C. , Malard F. , Gomez A. , Brissot E. , Belhocine R. , Vekhoff A. , Lapusan S. , Isnard F. , Legrand O. , Gozlan J. , Boutolleau D. , Ledraa T. , Labopin M. , Rubio M.‐T. , Mohty M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication after hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated with intensity of the conditioning regimen, cyclophosphamide (Cy) therapy, and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection.MethodsWe analyzed 33 consecutive haploidentical (haplo) HSCT recipients transplanted for hematologic diseases. Eleven patients had a previous transplant. Median follow‐up was 11 months. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine + mycophenolate mofetil and post‐HSCT Cy.ResultsThirty‐two of 33 patients achieved neutrophil recovery. Cumulative incidence (CI) of platelet recovery was 65%. CI grade II–IV acute GVHD was 44%. Twenty patients developed HC in a median time of 38 days. CI of HC at day 180 was 62%. BKPyV was positive in blood and urine of 91% of patients at HC onset. HC resolved in 18/20 patients. Factors associated with HC were previous transplant (P = 0.01) and occurrence of cytomegalovirus reactivation before HC (P = 0.05). Grade II–IV acute GVHD was not associated with HC (P = 0.62). CI of day 180 viral infections was 73%. Two‐year overall survival (OS) was 50%; HC did not impact OS (P = 0.29).ConclusionThe incidence of HC after haplo with post‐HSCT Cy is high and is associated with morbidity, especially in high‐risk patients such as those with a previous transplant history and with impaired immune reconstitution.
Occurrence of adverse events caused by valganciclovir as pre‐emptive therapy for cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is reduced by low‐dose administration
Authors: Takahata M. , Hashino S. , Nishio M. , Sugita J. , Shigematsu A. , Onozawa M. , Fujimoto K. , Endo T. , Kondo T. , Tanaka J. , Imamura M. , Teshima T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPre‐emptive therapy with valganciclovir (VGCV) has become the standard therapy for preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The effectiveness of low‐dose VGCV (900 mg per day) has been shown to be equal to that of standard‐dose VGCV (900 mg twice daily); however, individualized optimal dosing and toxicity of VGCV have not been reported.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the optimal dose of VGCV as pre‐emptive therapy for preventing CMV infection by comparing the frequency of adverse events (AEs) and clinical efficacy in a low‐dose VGCV group with those in a standard‐dose VGCV group. Thirty‐eight patients who were administered VGCV because of CMV antigenemia after HSCT were analyzed.ResultsNeutropenia (standard‐dose group: 33%, low‐dose group: 15%, P = 0.26) and thrombocytopenia (standard‐dose group: 39%, low‐dose group: 15%, P = 0.14) were frequent AEs of VGCV, and a significantly higher frequency of overall AEs was detected in the standard‐dose group than in the low‐dose group (P < 0.01). In comparison of dosage based on weight, dosage of VGCV >27 mg/kg was closely related to onset of AEs (P = 0.04).ConclusionsLow‐dose VGCV was not inferior in clinical efficacy, including clearance rate of CMV antigenemia and incidence of consequent CMV disease, to standard‐dose VGCV as was previously reported. Initial low‐dose VGCV for pre‐emptive CMV therapy markedly reduces hematologic toxicity and has clinical efficacy equivalent to that of standard‐dose VGCV. It is therefore reasonable for patients, except for noticeably overweight patients, to be given initial low‐dose VGCV.
Two decades of risk factors and transfusion‐transmissible infections in Dutch blood donors
Authors: Slot Ed , Janssen Mart P. , Marijt‐van der Kreek Tanneke , Zaaijer Hans L. , van de Laar Thijs J. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDRisk behavior–based donor selection procedures are widely used to mitigate the risk of transfusion‐transmissible infections (TTIs), but their effectiveness is disputed in countries with low residual risks of TTIs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn 1995 to 2014, Dutch blood donors infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV), or syphilis were interviewed by trained medical counselors to identify risk factors associated with TTIs. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of TTIs were analyzed using binomial regression models.RESULTSA total of 972 new donors and 381 repeat donors had TTIs. New donors had higher rates of TTIs compared to repeat donors. Although the HBV and HCV prevalence gradually decreased over time, the incidence of all five TTIs remained stable during the past two decades. In new donors the TTIs had the following risk profiles: “blood‐blood contact” for HCV, “unprotected sex” for HIV and syphilis, and “country of birth” for HBV and HTLV. In infected repeat donors, sexual risk factors predominated for all TTIs. At posttest counseling, 28% of infected repeat donors admitted to risk factors leading to permanent donor exclusion if revealed during the donor selection procedure (predominantly male‐to‐male sex and recent diagnosis of syphilis).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence and incidence of TTIs among Dutch blood donors are six‐ to 60‐fold lower than in the general Dutch population, illustrating the effectiveness of donor selection procedures. However, at least a quarter of infected donors appeared noncompliant to the donor health questionnaire (DHQ), suggesting that DHQs, or the way donor questioning is implemented, can be improved.
Clinical Significance and Characterization of Streptococcus tigurinus Isolates in an Adult Population
Authors: Bourassa Lori , Clarridge J. E. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus tigurinus
is a newly described member of the
Streptococcus mitis
group. Due to the difficulty in distinguishing viridans group streptococci (VGS) by phenotype, analysis of 16S rRNA sequences is necessary for the accurate identification of most species. Through a laboratory policy of analyzing all clinically significant isolates from the VGS group by16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified 14
S. tigurinus
isolates from 11 patients. The Vitek 2 system most commonly gave an excellent rating to an incorrect identification (e.g.,
Streptococcus mitis
), as did matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (e.g.,
Streptococcus oralis
).
S. tigurinus
strains were recovered from numerous body sites, including the blood, peritoneal fluid, bone, synovial fluid, a perianal abscess, and an arm wound. Retrospective chart review indicated that most isolates were clinically significant, with bacteremia (
n
= 5), soft tissue infections (
n
= 3) osteomyelitis (
n
= 2), infected joint prosthesis (
n
= 2), and peritonitis (
n
= 2) being the most common, thus expanding the spectrum of disease associated with
S. tigurinus
.