bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Magnetic Moment in Uniaxial Anisotropy Magnetic Thin Film Taking Leakage Flux in RF Planar Spiral Inductors with Closed‐Magnetic Core into Account
Authors: Sonehara Makoto , Ikeda Kenji , Sato Toshiro 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThe relation between high‐frequency properties and the angle θ of the anisotropy magnetic field in a CoFeSiO/SiO2 multilayer nanogranular magnetic film for an RF planar spiral inductor was derived in order to suppress leakage flux. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency fr and the FMR half‐width showed very little dependence on θ. The FMR frequency fr and the FMR half‐width were estimated to be about 2.5 GHz and 0.3 GHz. The static permeability μs was dependent on approximately . The static permeability on the hard axis μh was estimated as about 250. Thus the CoFeSiO/SiO2 multilayer nanogranular magnetic film has superior high frequency characteristics for inductors.
A Parallelization Method for Neural Network Learning
Authors: Tsuchida Yuta , Yoshioka Michifumi 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYRecently, the technology called General‐Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU), which treats not only graphic processing but also general purpose calculation by using GPU, has been investigated because the GPU has higher performance than the CPU for the development of 3DCG or movie processing. GPU has dedicated circuits to draw graphics, so that it has the characteristic that the many simple arithmetic circuits are implemented. This characteristic has promise for applications not only to graphic processing but also to massive parallelism. In this research, we apply the technology to neural network learning, a form of intelligent signal processing. As conventional research, we proposed three methods of speeding up neural network learning. One of the methods, parallelization of pattern processing, has points that should be improved. In this paper, we report that the updating of the weight coefficients in the neurons is processed simultaneously by changing the order of the pattern calculations. The proposed calculation method is evaluated against test data sets. The results confirm that the proposed method converges similarly to the conventional method. We also propose an optimal implementation method for the GPU. This proposed method is found to be three to six times faster than the conventional method.
Probabilistic Approach for Evaluating the Capacity Value of Intermittent Generation
Authors: Chida Takuji , Saitoh Hiroumi , Toyoda Junichi 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYSeveral approaches have been proposed for evaluating the capacity value of intermittent generation. In this paper, we assume that the uncertainty included in demand, existing generation, and intermittent generation, can be treated by means of a normal distribution model. Using a newly developed approximation method similar to the Garver approximation, and the Z‐stochastic approach, the effective load carrying capability method is comprehensively surveyed. The percentile method adopted in the higher demand level is also discussed in connection with the probabilistic properties of intermittent generation. Numerical examples and a simulation illustrating the probabilistic approach are included.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptide Conjugates Derived from the Antimicrobial Cyclic Decapeptide BPC194
Authors: Vilà Sílvia , Badosa Esther , Montesinos Emilio , Feliu Lidia , Planas Marta 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe solid‐phase conjugation of the antimicrobial peptide c(KKLKKFKKLQ) (BPC194) to a linear or cyclic sequence through a 1,2,3‐triazole ring is described. Cyclic alkynyl‐peptidyl resins derived from BPC194 were treated with azidopeptides derived from the antimicrobial peptide BP100 or from the bacteriocin iturin A. The cyclic alkynyl‐peptidyl resins incorporated at the 3‐position a propargylglycine, a glutamic acid residue derivatized with propargylamine or a lysine bearing a propioloyl group. The reactions of the cyclic alkynyl resins with the BP100‐derived azidopeptides depended on the length and the sequence of the azidopeptides. The reactions were performed by treatment of the alkynyl resin with CuI and ascorbic acid, and required the presence of piperidine/DMF or DIEA in 2,6‐lutidine/DMF. The latter conditions also allowed the conjugation of the alkynyl‐peptidyl resin bearing a propioloyl lysine to a linear or cyclic azidopeptide derived from the cyclic moiety of iturin A.
Naphthyridine Derivatives as a Model System for Potential Lithium–Sulfur Energy‐Storage Applications
Authors: Resch Sebastian , Schneider Anna‐Rebekka , Beichler Ronja , Spera Marcelle B. M. , Fanous Jean , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNaphthyridines have been identified as structural elements in sulfurized polyacrylonitrile, which is a common electrode material in lithium–sulfur batteries. Some dibenzonaphthyridine derivatives with a fused dithiolo moiety were prepared as model compounds for battery studies. These heterocyclic systems were prepared via the corresponding diphenyldicarbamide intermediate. Followed by naphthyridione formation, stepwise installation of the dithiolane subunit occurred in a straightforward manner. In the solid state, the heteroaromatic system is completely planar and was thoroughly characterized. Initial battery cycling tests indicated a potential use of such structural motifs in sulfur–lithium systems.
Fascaplysin Induces Caspase Mediated Crosstalk Between Apoptosis and Autophagy Through the Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascade in Human Leukemia HL‐60 Cells
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Guru Santosh Kumar , Pathania Anup Singh , Manda Sudhakar , Kumar Ajay , Bharate Sandip B. , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Malik Fayaz , Bhushan Shashi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we for the first time explored the cellular and molecular mechanism of anticancer properties of fascaplysin, a marine sponge‐derived alkaloid. Our study demonstrated that fascaplysin induced a cooperative interaction between apoptotic and autophagic pathways to induce cytotoxicity in HL‐60 cells. Fascaplysin treatment not only activated pro‐apoptotic events like PARP‐1 cleavage and caspase activation but also triggered autophagy signaling as shown by the increased expression of LC3‐II, ATG7and beclin. Interestingly, it was found that use of pan‐caspase inhibitor completely reversed the fascaplysin mediated cell death as analyzed by MTT and cell cycle assays. It was observed that cell death as well as the expression of pro‐death proteins was partially reversed, when key autophagy mediators ATG7 was silenced by siRNA in fascaplysin treated cells. Cooperative involvement of autophagy and apoptotic signaling in cytotoxicity was confirmed when combined silencing of pro‐apototic (PARP‐1) and autophagic (ATG‐7) signaling by respective siRNA's lead to substantial rescue of cell death induced by fascaplysin. Although, apoptosis and autophagy are two independent cell death pathways, our findings provide detailed insight by which both the pathways acted cooperatively to elicit fascaplysin induced cell death in HL‐60 cells. Our findings provide molecular insight into the anti‐cancer potential of fascaplysin by showing that both autophagic and apoptotic signaling can work together in the induction of cell death. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 985–997, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
γ Secretase Inhibitor BMS‐708163 Reverses Resistance to EGFR Inhibitor via the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Lung Cancer
Authors: Xie Mian , He Jianxing , He Chaosheng , Wei Shenhai 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTLung adenocarcinoma cells harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Acquired resistance to EGFR TKI develops after prolonged treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the novel γ secretase inhibitor BMS‐708163 on acquired resistance to the EGFR TKI gefitinib. We did not observe known mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR TKI, including the EGFR T790M mutation and MET gene amplification in the gefitinib‐resistant PC9/AB2 cells. BMS‐708163 inhibited PI3K/Akt expression and sensitized PC9/AB2 cells to gefitinib‐induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, BMS‐708163 had no significant effect on gefitinib sensitivity in PC9 parental cells. Combined treatment with BMS‐708163 and gefitinib induced high levels of apoptosis. Our in vivo studies showed that combined treatment of gefitinib and BMS‐708163 inhibited the growth of PC9/AB2 xenografts. In conclusion, our data show that combined treatment of gefitinib and γ secretase inhibitors may be useful for treating lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutations with acquired gefitinib resistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1019–1027, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori treatment in children: Defining a dose for rabeprazole as a part of a triple therapy regimen
Authors: Kimko Holly , Thyssen An , Mould Diane R. , Mannaert Erik , Treem William R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe proton pump inhibitor, rabeprazole, has been studied in children for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In adults, rabeprazole is indicated for Helicobacter pylori eradication in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was conducted to estimate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for rabeprazole and its thioether metabolite from 336 subjects, 35% of whom were children 1–11 years with GERD from phase I and III studies. A 2‐compartment disposition model with a transit absorption model provided the best fit for rabeprazole PK. The steady‐state area under the concentration‐time curves given several candidate doses were simulated to identify a dose per each body weight group that is comparable to a 20 mg twice‐daily dose in adults, which is the recommended dose for treatment of H. pylori in adults. Simulations provided the following recommended twice‐daily weight‐based doses for children ≥1 year and <16 years: 10 mg for 6–10 kg, 15 mg for 10–30 kg, and 20 mg for ≥30 kg.
Crowdsourcing for climate and atmospheric sciences: current status and future potential
Authors: Muller C.L. , Chapman L. , Johnston S. , Kidd C. , Illingworth S. , Foody G. , Overeem A. , Leigh R.R. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTCrowdsourcing is traditionally defined as obtaining data or information by enlisting the services of a (potentially large) number of people. However, due to recent innovations, this definition can now be expanded to include ‘and/or from a range of public sensors, typically connected via the Internet.’ A large and increasing amount of data is now being obtained from a huge variety of non‐traditional sources – from smart phone sensors to amateur weather stations to canvassing members of the public. Some disciplines (e.g. astrophysics, ecology) are already utilizing crowdsourcing techniques (e.g. citizen science initiatives, web 2.0 technology, low‐cost sensors), and while its value within the climate and atmospheric science disciplines is still relatively unexplored, it is beginning to show promise. However, important questions remain; this paper introduces and explores the wide‐range of current and prospective methods to crowdsource atmospheric data, investigates the quality of such data and examines its potential applications in the context of weather, climate and society. It is clear that crowdsourcing is already a valuable tool for engaging the public, and if appropriate validation and quality control procedures are adopted and implemented, it has much potential to provide a valuable source of high temporal and spatial resolution, real‐time data, especially in regions where few observations currently exist, thereby adding value to science, technology and society.
Precipitation in the Madeira Island over a 10‐year period and the meridional water vapour transport during the winter seasons
Authors: Couto Flavio Tiago , Salgado Rui , Costa Maria João , Prior Victor 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a 10‐year daily accumulated precipitation analysis of Madeira highland is presented, as well as the relationship between meridional water vapour transport during 10 winter seasons and the precipitation recorded in the island during the same period. Here, the meridional water vapour transport is considered as occurring in narrow corridors known as atmospheric rivers – ARs – which were visually identified in the total precipitable water vapour field extracted from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data within a domain covering the North Atlantic Ocean. European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis was also used when necessary. Daily precipitation during the period covered by the study evidenced generally dry summers, whereas the highest values for daily accumulated precipitation were recorded mainly during the winter and also during the autumn and spring. Image analysis shows that moist air originating mainly in the Caribbean Sea flows northward or eastward, intersecting, on some occasions, the island during the winter season, often during a stage of dissipation. The orientation of the flow and the amount of water vapour transported to the island are important features, contributing to the occurrence of significant precipitation events. In fact, the moist environment created by ARs may favour the occurrence of precipitation, but this is not the sole factor favouring high rainfall over Madeira.
Dual‐effect liposomes encapsulated with doxorubicin and chlorin e6 augment the therapeutic effect of tumor treatment
Authors: Peng Po‐Chun , Hong Ruey‐Long , Tsai Yi‐Jane , Li Pei‐Tzu , Tsai Tsuimin , Chen Chin‐Tin 
Published: January 2015

Background and ObjectiveLong circulating doxorubicin (Dox)‐loaded PEGylated liposomes are clinically safer than the free form due to the significant reduction of cardiac toxicity. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the PEGylated liposome could further be improved if poor diffusivity and slow drug release of the liposome in tumor interstitium can be overcome. In this study, a dual‐effect liposome triggered by photodynamic effect was developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of Dox‐loaded PEGylated liposomes.Materials and MethodsDox and chlorin e6 (Ce6) were co‐encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes (named as PL‐Dox‐Ce6). To induce the drug release, photodynamic effect was triggered by the light irradiation of a 662 nm diode laser. The cellular distribution of Dox and Ce6 was examined under confocal microscope. The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of PL‐Dox‐Ce6 was determined via the colony formation assay and the synergistic C26 tumor model, respectively.ResultsThe cellular distribution of PL‐Dox‐Ce6 was in the cytoplasmic area; while under light irradiation, Dox was co‐localized with nuclear staining positive signals. The cellular cytotoxicity of PL‐Dox‐Ce6 was significantly higher than the controls including liposomes encapsulating either Dox (PL‐Dox) or Ce6 (PL‐Ce6). The in vivo treatment efficacy of PL‐Dox‐Ce6 determined in the C26 tumor model reveals a significant therapeutic effect compared to that of PL‐Ce6 and PL‐Dox alone or in combination.ConclusionThis study indicates that this dual‐effect PEGylated liposome could provide clinical advantages in the combination regimen of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:77–87, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early postoperative single treatment ablative fractional lasing of Mohs micrographic surgery facial scars: A split‐scar, evaluator‐blinded study
Authors: Sobanko Joseph F. , Vachiramon Vasanop , Rattanaumpawan Pinyo , Miller Christopher J. 
Published: January 2015

Background/ObjectivesDespite precise surgical technique, some postoperative facial scars will depress and widen over time, likely due to weakened or inadequately replaced collagen fibers in the underlying dermis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a 10,600 nm ablative carbon dioxide (CO2) fractional laser used early in the post‐surgical setting results in improved postoperative facial scars after a single treatment session.Study DesignA prospective randomized, comparative split‐scar study was conducted on 20 subjects between the ages of 20–90. Subjects underwent Mohs surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer of the face. Subsequent to tumor removal, subjects with a linear scar of 4 cm or greater were enrolled. On the day of suture removal, all subjects had one‐half of their scar randomly selected and treated with a 10,600 nm CO2 fractional laser (energy = 10 mJ; density = 10%; spot size = 7 mm; pulse = 1). The untreated scar half served as a control. Scars were re‐evaluated 12 weeks later. An independent blinded observer graded the scar halves with the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) immediately prior to treatment and 12 weeks after treatment. Subjects completed a visual analog scale (VAS) at the same time points.ResultsThree months after laser treatment, a significant decrease in VSS and 3 of the 4 of its individual parameters were detected in both control and treated halves of the scar. When comparing the laser group versus the control group, a statistically significant difference was not noted in VSS (P = 0.31) but a statistically significant difference in patient VAS was detected (P = 0.002). No side effects of the laser treatment were noted.ConclusionFacial wounds sutured in a layered manner heal well. Patients prefer early fractional CO2 lasing of surgical scars, though use of the VSS failed to detect an objective difference between laser and control halves of scars. Conservative laser settings, a single session treatment, and VSS insensitivity for surgical scars may influence these findings. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:1–5, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The glucosinolate metabolite 1‐methoxy‐3‐indolylmethyl alcohol induces a gene expression profile in mouse liver similar to the expression signature caused by known genotoxic hepatocarcinogens
Authors: Ehlers Anke , Florian Simone , Schumacher Fabian , Meinl Walter , Lenze Dido , Hummel Michael , Heise Tanja , Seidel Albrecht , Glatt Hansruedi , Lampen Alfonso 
Published: January 2015

ScopeBreakdown products of certain glucosinolates induce detoxifying enzymes and demonstrate preventive activities against chemically induced tumourigenesis in animal models. However, other breakdown products are genotoxic. 1‐Methoxy‐3‐indolylmethyl alcohol (1‐MIM‐OH) is mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells upon activation by sulphotransferases and forms DNA adducts in mouse tissues. This effect is enhanced in mice transgenic for human sulphotransferases 1A1/2 (FVB/N‐hSULT1A1/2). Therefore, we explored gene expression changes induced by 1‐MIM‐OH in mouse liver.Methods and resultsFVB/N‐hSULT1A1/2 mice were orally treated with 1‐MIM‐OH for 21 or 90 days, leading to high levels of hepatic 1‐MIM‐DNA adducts. Genome‐wide expression analyses demonstrated no influence on detoxifying enzymes, but up‐regulation of many mediators of the tumour suppressor p53 and down‐regulation of Fhit and other long genes. While this p53 response might indicate protection, it was unable to prevent the accumulation of DNA adducts. However, various epidemiological studies reported inverse associations between the intake of cruciferous vegetables and cancer. This association may be due to the presence of other glucosinolates with tumour‐preventing influences possibly outweighing adverse effects of some metabolites.Conclusion1‐MIM‐OH is a genotoxic substance inducing a gene expression profile similar to the expression signature caused by known genotoxic hepatocarcinogens.
RNA‐Seq profiling of single bovine oocyte transcript abundance and its modulation by cytoplasmic polyadenylation
Authors: Reyes Juan M , Chitwood James L. , Ross Pablo J. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYMolecular changes occurring during mammalian oocyte maturation are partly regulated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation (CP) and affect oocyte quality, yet the extent of CP activity during oocyte maturation remains unknown. Single bovine oocyte RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was performed to examine changes in transcript abundance during in vitro oocyte maturation in cattle. Polyadenylated RNA from individual germinal‐vesicle and metaphase‐II oocytes was amplified and processed for Illumina sequencing, producing approximately 30 million reads per replicate for each sample type. A total of 10,494 genes were found to be expressed, of which 2,455 were differentially expressed (adjusted P < 0.05 and fold change >2) between stages, with 503 and 1,952 genes respectively increasing and decreasing in abundance. Differentially expressed genes with complete 3'‐untranslated‐region sequence (279 increasing and 918 decreasing in polyadenylated transcript abundance) were examined for the presence, position, and distribution of motifs mediating CP, revealing enrichment (85%) and lack thereof (18%) in up‐ and down‐regulated genes, respectively. Examination of total and polyadenylated RNA abundance by quantitative PCR validated these RNA‐Seq findings. The observed increases in polyadenylated transcript abundance within the RNA‐Seq data are likely due to CP, providing novel insight into targeted transcripts and resultant differential gene expression profiles that contribute to oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 103–114, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kunststoffpartikel im Süßwasser
Authors: Ivleva Natalia P. , Nießner Reinhard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNicht nur Weltmeere, sondern auch Seen und Flüsse sind mit Kunststoffpartikeln kontaminiert. Besonders die Verschmutzung mit Mikroplastik ist besorgniserregend. Die Raman‐Mikrospektroskopie eignet sich, um Mikroplastik aller Sorten und Größenklassen zuverlässig zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren.
Rotwein zu Wasser
Authors: Mangold Klaus , Shaw Joseph A. , Vollmer Michael 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDie Sensoren von Digitalkameras sind fähig, Licht im Nahinfraroten (NIR) bis hin zu Wellenlängen von 1100 nm aufzunehmen. Infrarotfilter blockieren diesen für den Menschen nicht sichtbaren Spektralbereich, um irritierende Falschfarbeneffekte in den Aufnahmen zu verhindern. Diese Filter sind aber entfernbar, und derart umgerüstete Kameras erschließen eine verblüffende Welt. Beim Übergang zum NIR ändern sich die optischen Eigenschaften vieler Objekte. In Landschaftsaufnahmen werden Blätter zu den hellsten Objekten. Rotwein, Cola oder Kaffee werden scheinbar zu Wasser. Man kann zudem unter die Oberfläche von Farben, Stoffen, Lacken und sogar der Haut schauen.
Magnonen für den Computer von Übermorgen
Authors: Leven Britta , Chumak Andrii V. , Hillebrands Burkard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn der Magnonik wird die Information allein über Spins in Spinwellen und ihren Quanten, den Magnonen, transportiert. Es fließt kein elektrischer Strom. Das vermeidet die Abwärme, die einer weiteren Miniaturisierung der herkömmlichen Halbleitertechnologie allmählich Grenzen setzt. Deshalb könnte die Magnonik im Computerbereich langfristig die übliche Halbleitertechnologie ergänzen oder teilweise ersetzen. Das Ausnutzen der Teilchen‐ und Welleneigenschaften der Magnonen eröffnet das neue Feld der Interferenzlogik. Mit ihr lassen sich magnonische Bauteile konstruieren. Das Funktionieren wesentlicher Bauteile wurde bereits erfolgreich im Labor demonstriert. Dazu zählen Wellenleiter, Logikelemente, Transistoren und Speicher. Magnonen sind zudem verschränkbar. Damit könnte die Magnonik die Lücke zwischen Halbleitertechnologie und Quantencomputern füllen.