bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of chronic renal impairment and long-term mortality after de novo acute kidney injury in the critically ill; a Swedish multi-centre cohort study
Authors: Rimes-Stigare Claire , Frumento Paolo , Bottai Matteo , Mårtensson Johan , Martling Claes-Roland , Walther Sten M , Karlström Göran , Bell Max 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is common in critical ill populations and its association with high short-term mortality is well established. However, long-term risks of death and renal dysfunction are poorly understood and few studies exclude patients with pre-existing renal disease, meaning outcome for de novo AKI has been difficult to elicit. We aimed to compare the long-term risk of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and mortality in critically ill patients with and without severe de novo AKI.

Method
This cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2011 in Swedish intensive care units (ICU). Data from 130134 adult patients listed on the Swedish intensive care register-database was linked with other national registries. Patients with pre-existing CKD (4192) and ESRD (1389) were excluded, as were cases (26771) with incomplete data. Patients were classified according to AKI exposure during ICU admission. Outcome in the de novo AKI group was compared to the non-exposed (no-AKI) intensive care control group. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Follow-up ranged from one to seven years (median 2.1 years). Secondary outcomes were incidence of CKD and ESRD and median follow-up was 1.3 years.

Results
Of 97 782 patients, 5273 (5.4%) had de novo AKI. These patients had significantly higher crude mortality at one (48.4% vs. 24.6%) and five years (61.8% vs. 39.1%) compared to the control group. The first 30% of deaths in AKI patients occurred within 11 days of ICU admission whilst the 30-centile in the no-AKI group died by 748 days. CKD was significantly more common in AKI survivors at one year (6.0% vs. 0.44%) than in no-AKI group (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 7.6). AKI patients also had significantly higher rates of ESRD at one (2.0% vs. 0.08%) and at five years (3.9% vs. 0.3%) than those in the comparison group (adjusted IRR 22.5).

Conclusion
This large cohort study demonstrated that de novo AKI is associated with increased short and long-term risk of death. AKI is independently associated with increased risk of CKD and ESRD as compared to an ICU control population. Severe de novo AKI survivors should be routinely followed-up and their renal function monitored.
Surface physicochemical properties of selected single and mixed cultures of microalgae and cyanobacteria and their relationship with sedimentation kinetics
Authors: Gonçalves Ana L , Ferreira Carla , Loureiro Joana A , Pires José CM , Simões Manuel 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms presenting a diversity of biotechnological applications. However, microalgal cultivation systems are not energetically and economically feasible. Possible strategies that can be applied to improve the feasibility of microalgal production include biofouling control in photobioreactors, the use of attached growth systems and bioflocculation. These processes are ruled by surface physicochemical properties. Accordingly, the surface physicochemical properties of Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa were determined through contact angle and zeta potential measurements. Additionally, mixed cultures of the selected microorganisms were performed. Sedimentation kinetics of the studied cultures was also evaluated to understand how surface physicochemical properties influence microalgal recovery.

Results
All studied microorganisms, except S. salina, presented a hydrophilic surface. The co-culture of S. salina with the other studied microorganisms resulted in a more hydrophobic algal suspension. Regarding zeta potential determinations, all studied suspensions presented a negatively charged surface (approximately -40.8 ± 4.4 mV). Sedimentation experiments have shown that all microalgal suspensions presented low microalgal recovery efficiencies. However, a negative linear relationship between microalgal removal percentage and free energy of hydrophobic interaction was obtained.

Conclusions
The evidence of a relationship between microalgal removal percentage and free energy of hydrophobic interaction demonstrates the importance of surface physicochemical properties on microalgal settling. However, the low recovery efficiencies achieved, as well as the high net zeta potential values determined, indicate that another factor to consider in microalgal settling is the ionic strength of the culture medium, which play an important role in suspensions’ stability.
What a psychiatrist needs to know about copy number variants
Authors: Kirov George , Rees Elliott , Walters James 
Published: May 2015

SummaryCopy number variants (CNVs) are structural changes in chromosomes that result in deletions, duplications, inversions or translocations of large DNA segments. Eleven confirmed CNV loci have been identified as rare but important risk factors in schizophrenia. These CNVs are also associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders and medical/physical comorbidities. Although the penetrance of the CNVs for schizophrenia (the chance that CNV carriers will develop the disorder) is modest, the penetrance of CNVs for any early-onset developmental disorder (e.g. intellectual disability or autism) is much higher. Testing for CNVs is now affordable and being used in clinical genetics and neurodevelopmental disorders clinics. It is possible that testing will be expanded to psychiatric clinics. This article provides a clinically relevant overview of recent CNV findings in schizophrenia and related disorders.
Best interests, mental capacity legislation and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: May 2015

Summary‘Best interests' is a key principle of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales), Mental Capacity Bill (2014) (Northern Ireland) and Mental Health Act 2001 (Ireland), although there are currently proposals to remove ‘best interests' from Irish legislation. Legislation in Scotland refers to ‘benefit’ resulting from interventions. Judicious use of ‘best interests', in line with guidelines that prioritise the person's autonomy, will and preferences, is a powerful way to promote the values and rights that underpin the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and to safeguard the dignity of individuals with mental disorder and/or reduced mental capacity.
Challenges and opportunities in psychiatry today
Authors: Jethwa Ketan Dipak 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPsychiatry faces a number of external and internal challenges. At the heart of its difficulties is an identity crisis and attempts to resolve this have so far split the specialty. British psychiatry has in recent years taken an increasingly ‘neurophobic’ stance. This article argues that, despite the current situation, opportunities remain for a medicine of the mind to thrive. Neuroscientific advances in our understanding of psychiatric disorders need to be made more explicit in training and in the structure of mental health services.
The Life and Afterlife of Ling Zhiyuan (1831–1852) and Her Poetry Collection
Authors: Fong Grace S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This study examines the construction of women's life histories in literary collections through the exemplary case of Ling Zhiyuan 凌祉媛 and her poetry collection, Cuiluoge shici gao 翠螺閣詩詞稿 (Drafts of Poems and Song Lyrics from the Green Snail Shell Loft). Published in 1854 by her young husband Ding Bing (1832–1899) after her untimely death, this small collection is framed by numerous paratexts such as prefaces, verse inscriptions, biographical accounts, and elegies. I explore how Ling's self-representation in her poetry is mediated by these paratexts and show how different readers may have read or interpreted her poems. This essay thus highlights the discursive complexity and kinship and social networks underlying the production and interpretation of life writing in late imperial China.
Fresh Faces for Those Full of Emotions: Zhu Suchen's Qinlou Yue
Authors: Guo Yingde , Ling Xiaoqiao 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Unlike Zhu Suchen's 朱素臣 (1621?–after 1701) other extant chuanqi plays that survive only in manuscripts, Qinlou yue 秦樓月 (The Moon Shining upon the Qin Tower) was printed in a deluxe woodblock edition during the Kangxi period. This carefully executed imprint features an array of paratextual elements: preface; illustrations with matching poems by prominent seventeenth-century literati figures; a poetry collection by Chen Susu 陳素素, a Yangzhou courtesan cast as the heroine of the play; and an appendix with women writers' poems commenting on Susu's poetry and portrait. Such a design points to an editorial choice to stage both a male-centered literati reading community and a cohort of women writers from the Jiangnan area who gather to celebrate women's literary talent on the book page. By examining how these two bodies of readers reach a sense of solidarity in distinctive ways, this article aims at a better understanding of the xinxi 新戲 (new plays) of Suzhou as an important regional phenomenon of cultural production. Qinlou yue in the book's physical form makes use of the realms of both commercial and private printing to appeal to Ming loyalist sentiments widespread among the southern elite, and to embrace a new sense of womanhood epitomized by women writers and readers who had achieved iconic status in the Jiangnan region.
Underground Lead-Zinc Mine Production Planning Using Fuzzy Stochastic Inventory Policy / Planowanie Wydobycia Cynku I Ołowiu W Kopalniach Podziemnych Z Wykorzystaniem Podejścia Stochastycznego Z Elementami Logiki Rozmytej Do Określania Niezbędnego Poziomu Zapasów
Authors: Gligoric Zoran , Beljic Cedomir , Gluscevic Branko , Cvijovic Cedomir 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Methodology for long-term underground lead-zinc mine planning based on fuzzy inventory theory is presented in this paper. We developed a fuzzy stochastic model of inventory control problem for planning lead-zinc ore production under uncertainty. The final purpose of this article is to find the optimal quantity of mined ore that should be stockpiled, in order to enable “feeding” of mineral processing plant in cases when the production in underground mine is interrupted, by using Possibilistic mean value of fuzzy number for defuzzing the fuzzy total annual inventory costs, and by using Extension of the Lagrangean method for solving inequality constrain problem. The different types of costs involved in mined ore inventory problems affect the efficiency of production scheduling. Dynamic nature of lead and zinc metal price is described by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic mean reverting process. The model is illustrated with a numerical example.
Application of Relevance Maps in Multidimensional Classification of Coal Types / Zastosowanie Map Odniesienia W Wielowymiarowej Klasyfikacji Typów Węgla
Authors: Niedoba Tomasz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Multidimensional data visualization methods are a modern tool allowing to classify some analyzed objects. In the case of grained materials e.g. coal, many characteristics have an influence on the material quality. In case of coal, apart from most obvious features like particle size, particle density or ash contents there are many others which cause significant differences between considered types of material. The paper presents the possibility of applying visualization techniques for coal type identification and determination of significant differences between various types of coal. Author decided to apply relevance maps to achieve this purpose. Three types of coal - 31, 34.2 and 35 (according to Polish classification of coal types) were investigated, which were initially screened on sieves and then divided into density fractions. Then, each size-density fraction was chemically analyzed to obtain other characteristics. It was stated that the applied methodology allows to identify certain coal types efficiently and can be used as a qualitative criterion for grained materials. However, it was impossible to achieve such identification comparing all three types of coal together. The presented methodology is new way of analyzing data concerning widely understood mineral processing.
Intelligent, Energy Saving Power Supply and Control System of Hoisting Mine Machine with Compact and Hybrid Drive System / Inteligentne, Energooszczędne Układy Zasilania I Sterowania Górniczych Maszyn Wyciągowych Z Napędem Zintegrowanym Lub Hybrydowym
Authors: Szymański Zygmunt 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the paper present’s an analysis of suitableness an application of compact and hybrid drive system in hoisting machine. In the paper presented the review of constructional solutions of hoisting machines drive system, driving with AC and DC motor. In the paper presented conception of modern, energy sparing hoisting machine supply system, composed with compact motor, an supplied with transistor or thyristor converter supply system, and intelligent control system composed with multilevel microprocessor controller. In the paper present’s also analysis of suitableness application an selected method of artificial intelligent in hoisting machine control system, automation system, and modern diagnostic system. In the paper one limited to analysis of: fuzzy logic method, genetic algorithms method, and modern neural net II and III generation. That method enables realization of complex control algorithms of hosting machine with insurance of energy sparing exploitation conditions, monitoring of exploitation parameters, and prediction diagnostic of hoisting machine technical state, minimization a number of failure states. In the paper present’s a conception of control and diagnostic system of the hoisting machine based on fuzzy logic neural set control. In the chapter presented also a selected control algorithms and results of computer simulations realized for particular mathematical models of hoisting machine. Results of theoretical investigation were partly verified in laboratory and industrial experiments.
A case of savant syndrome in a child with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Finocchiaro Maria , Di Blasi Francesco Domenico , Zuccarello Rosa , Costanzo Angela Antonia , Cantagallo Claudia , Amata Maria Teresa , Zingale Marinella , Elia Maurizio 
Published: May 2015

Abstract: Savant syndrome is a rare condition, in which persons with serious intellectual disabilities demonstrate extraordinary capacities or abilities in contrast to their overall disability. This paper presents the savant abilities of a child with autism spectrum disorder, who showed exceptional arithmetic skills and higher word decoding ability.: A protocol of academic skills evaluation was administered. Assessment of calculation skills included tests on written calculations; numerical knowledge indicating the semantic, syntactic and lexical level; and accuracy and speed measurement.: Performances in number elaboration showed an adequate access to semantic and verbal number information. In the written and mental calculation task and in fact retrieval, implicating calculation strategies and information retrieval, processes were automatized.The data gathered show that the child’s performance both for number elaboration and calculation procedures is higher than the school grade attended, typical of people with exceptional abilities.
Transformations of spatial relationships in elementary education: A case study of changes in two Czech rural areas since the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Kučerová Silvie R. , Bláha Jan D. , Kučera Zdeněk 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Transformations in the spatial organization of elementary education in the Czech Republic over the last 50 years are examined in this article, via case studies of two rural regions (Turnov district and Zábřeh district). The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of general development trends in elementary schools in territorial detail. Changes in the spatial distribution of schools, the size of school catchment areas, and the main education-related commuter flows are analyzed and visualized in cartographic form, in the context of educational policy and management.
Enhanced resonant second harmonic generation in plasma based on density transition
Authors: Kant Niti , Thakur Vishal 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Resonant second harmonic generation of a relativistic self-focusing laser in plasma with density ramp profile has been investigated. A high intense Gaussian laser beam generates resonant second harmonic beam in plasma with density ramp profile. The second harmonic undergoes periodic focusing in the plasma channel created by the fundamental wave. The normalized second harmonic amplitude varies periodically with distance and attains maximum value in the focal region. Enhancement in the second harmonic amplitude on account of relativistic self-focusing of laser based on plasma density transition is seen. Plasma density ramp plays an important role to make self-focusing stronger which leads to enhance the second harmonic generation in plasma.
The Rise of Standard I (< Me Ich): A Contribution to the Study of Functional Change in English
Authors: Wełna Jerzy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In its post-Norman Conquest development the Old English first person personal pronoun ic underwent transformations which, following the loss of the consonant, finally yielded the contemporary capitalised form I, contrasting with other Germanic languages, which retain a velar sound in the corresponding pronoun. The rather complex change of ich to I involves a loss of the final velar/palatal consonant, lengthening of the original short vowel, and capitalisation of the pronoun. It is argued here that the use of the capital letter was a consequence of vowel lengthening subsequent to the loss of the consonant. This seems to be confirmed by the observation that forms retaining a consonant are extremely rarely capitalised. The data adduced in the present paper will help verify as precisely as possible the distribution of the forms of that pronoun in Middle English dialects in order to determine to what extent the changes were functionally interdependent. The evidence comes from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose.
Experimental Investigation of Reacting Flow Characteristics in a Dual-Mode Scramjet Combustor
Authors: Shi Deyong , Song Wenyan , Ye Jingfeng , Tao Bo , Wang Yanhua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, a hydrogen-fueled dual-mode scramjet combustor was investigated experimentally. Clean and dry air was supplied to the combustor through a Mach 2 nozzle with a total temperature of 800 K and a total pressure of 800 kPa. The high enthalpy air was provided by an electricity resistance heater. Room temperature hydrogen was injected with sonic speed from injector orifices vertically, and downstream the injector a tandem cavity flame holder was mounted. Except wall pressure profiles, velocity and temperature profiles in and at exit of the combustor were also measured using hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV) and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), respectively. Results showed that combustion occurred mainly at the bottom side of the combustor. And there were also an extreme disparity of the velocity and temperature profiles along the
DPY-17 and MUA-3 Interact for Connective Tissue-Like Tissue Integrity inCaenorhabditis elegans: A Model for Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Fotopoulos Pauline , Kim Jeongho , Hyun Moonjung , Qamari Waiss , Lee Inhwan , You Young-Jai 
Published: May 2015

Abstractmua-3 is a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the mammalian fibrillin1, a monogenic cause of Marfan syndrome. We identified a new mutation of mua-3 that carries an in-frame deletion of 131 amino acids in the extracellular domain, which allows the mutants to survive in a temperature-dependent manner; at the permissive temperature, the mutants grow normally without obvious phenotypes, but at the nonpermissive temperature, more than 90% die during the L4 molt due to internal organ detachment. Using the temperature-sensitive lethality, we performed unbiased genetic screens to isolate suppressors to find genetic interactors of MUA-3. From two independent screens, we isolated mutations in dpy-17 as a suppressor. RNAi of dpy-17 in mua-3 rescued the lethality, confirming dpy-17 is a suppressor. dpy-17 encodes a collagen known to genetically interact with dpy-31, a BMP-1/Tolloid-like metalloprotease required for TGFβ activation in mammals. Human fibrillin1 mutants fail to sequester TGFβ2 leading to excess TGFβ signaling, which in turn contributes to Marfan syndrome or Marfan-related syndrome. Consistent with that, RNAi of dbl-1, a TGFβ homolog, modestly rescued the lethality of mua-3 mutants, suggesting a potentially conserved interaction between MUA-3 and a TGFβ pathway in C. elegans. Our work provides genetic evidence of the interaction between TGFβ and a fibrillin homolog, and thus provides a simple yet powerful genetic model to study TGFβ function in development of Marfan pathology.
Associations of diet and breed with recurrence of calcium oxalate cystic calculi in dogs
Authors: Allen Heidi S. , Swecker William S. , Becvarova Iveta , Weeth Lisa P. , Werre Stephen R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the long-term risk of recurrence of calcium oxalate (CaOx) cystic calculi in dogs of various breeds fed 1 of 2 therapeutic diets.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—135 dogs with a history of CaOx cystic calculi.
Procedures—Medical records for 4 referral hospitals were searched to identify dogs that had had CaOx cystic calculi removed. Owners were contacted and medical records evaluated to obtain information on postoperative diet, recurrence of signs of lower urinary tract disease, and recurrence of cystic calculi. Dogs were grouped on the basis of breed (high-risk breeds, low-risk breeds, and Miniature Schnauzers) and diet fed after removal of cystic calculi (diet A, diet B, and any other diet [diet C], with diets A and B being therapeutic diets formulated to prevent recurrence of CaOx calculi).
Results—Breed group was a significant predictor of calculi recurrence (as determined by abdominal radiography or ultrasonography), with Miniature Schnauzers having 3 times the risk of recurrence as did dogs of other breeds. Dogs in diet group A had a lower prevalence of recurrence than did dogs in diet group C, but this difference was not significant in multivariable analysis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that Miniature Schnauzers had a higher risk of CaOx cystic calculi recurrence than did dogs of other breeds. In addition, findings suggested that diet may play a role in decreasing recurrence, but future prospective studies are needed to validate these observations.