bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Android Malware Detection Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence
Authors: Cooper Vanessa N. , Haddad Hisham M. , Shahriar Hossain 
Published: May 2015

Many recent reports suggest that mareware applications cause high billing to victims by sending and receiving hidden SMS messages. Given that, there is a need to develop necessary technique to identify malicious SMS operations as well as differentiate between good and bad SMS operations within applications.In this paper, we apply Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) as a distance metric to identify the difference between good and bad SMS operations. We develop a set of elements that represent sending or receiving of SMS messages, both legitimately and maliciously. Then, we compare the divergence of the trained set of elements. Our evaluation shows that the divergence between good and bad applications remains significantly high, whereas between two applications performing the same SMS operations remain low. We evaluate the proposed KLD-based concept for identifying a set of malware applications. The initial results show that our approach can identify all known malware and has less false positive warning.
PROTON STOPPING POWER OF DIFFERENT DENSITY PROFILE PLASMAS
Authors: Casas David , Barriga-Carrasco Manuel D. , Andreev Alexander A. , Schnürer Matthias , Morales Roberto 
Published: May 2015

In this work, the stopping power of a partially ionized plasma is analyzed by means of free electron stopping and bound electron stopping. For the first instance, the RPA dielectric function is used, and for the latter one, an interpolation of high and low projectile velocity formulas is used. The dynamical energy loss of a ion beam inside a plasma is estimated by using an iterative scheme of calculation. The Abel inversion is also applied when we have a plasma with radial symmetry. Finally, we compare our methods with two kind of plasmas. In the first one, we estimate the energy loss in a plasma created by a laser prepulse, whose density is approximated by a piecewise function. For the latter one, a radial electron density is supposed and the stopping is obtained as a function of radius from the calculated lateral points. In both cases, the dependence with the density profile is observed.
Group III-Sb Metamorphic Buffer on Si for p-Channel all-III-V CMOS: Electrical Properties, Growth and Surface Defects
Authors: Sasaki Shun , Madisetti Shailesh , Tokranov Vadim , Yakimov Michael , Hirayama Makoto , Bentley Steven , Galatage Rohit , Jacob Ajey P. , Oktyabrsky Serge 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTGroup III-Sb compound semiconductors are promising materials for future CMOS circuits. Especially, In1-xGaxSb is considered as a complimentary p-type channel material to n-type In1-xGaxAs MOSFET due to the superior hole transport properties and similar chemical properties in III-Sb’s to those of InGaAs. The heteroepitaxial growth of In1-xGaxSb on Si substrate has significant advantage for volume fabrication of III-V ICs. However large lattice mismatch between InGaSb and Si results in many growth-related defects (micro twins, threading dislocations and antiphase domain boundaries); these defects also act as deep acceptor levels. Accordingly, unintentional doping in InGaSb films causes additional scattering, increase junction leakages and affects the interface properties. In this paper, we studied the correlations between of defects and hole carrier densities in GaSb and strained In1-xGaxSb quantum well layers by using various designs of metamorphic superlattice buffers.
Structure and Bonding Properties of a 20-Gold-Atom Nanocluster Studied by Theoretical X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Rui , Chevrier Daniel M. , Zhang Peng 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTGold nanoclusters with precisely controlled atomic composition have emerged as promising materials for applications in nanotechnology because of their unique optical, electronic and catalytic properties. The recent discovery of a 20-gold-atom nanocluster protected by 16 organothiolate molecules, Au20(SR)16, is the smallest member in a surprising series of small gold−thiolate nanoclusters with a face-centered cubic (FCC) ordered core structures. A fundamental challenge facing gold nanocluster research is being able to understand the composition-dependent properties from a site-specific perspective in order to confidently establish structure-property relationships. A step in this direction is to examine the influence of various structural features (core geometry and thiolate-gold bonding motifs) on the bonding properties of gold-thiolate nanoclusters. In this work, ab initio simulations were conducted to systematically study the local structure and electronic properties of Au20(SR)16 from each unique Au and S atomic site using Au L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), projected density of states (l-DOS) and S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra. Two larger FCC-like gold-thiolate nanoclusters (Au28(SR)20 and Au36(SR)24) were used for a comparative study with Au20(SR)16, providing further predictions about the cluster size effect on the bonding properties of gold-thiolate nanoclusters with FCC-like core structures. Through this comparison, the smaller core size of Au20(SR)16 produces an EXAFS scattering signature that is non-FCC-like but shows very similar electronic properties with a larger FCC-like gold-thiolate nanocluster.
Organização da fala-em-interação: o dispositivo para o gerenciamento de fala sobreposta na conversa cotidiana em dados de português brasileiro
Authors: Garcez Pedro de Moraes , Stein Fabíola 
Published: May 2015

Resumo: Na fala-em-interação social, é comum que os participantes falem em sobreposição. Por vezes, isso se torna problemático para as suas ações, o que exige gerenciamento e resolução da fala sobreposta. Apresentam-se aqui os resultados de estudo sobre fala simultânea e o dispositivo para o seu gerenciamento em interações cotidianas em que a língua de interação é o português brasileiro. Com o intuito de verificar se a ocorrência do fenômeno e o funcionamento do dispositivo se dão conforme a descrição seminal feita por Schegloff (2000a), que tem como base dados de conversa entre falantes de inglês norte-americano, dois encontros entre três participantes conversando em português brasileiro foram gravados, transcritos e analisados sequencialmente sob a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica (ACE). Após revisão, à luz da análise dos nossos dados, dos principais aspectos de ocorrência de fala sobreposta não problemática, bem como de fala sobreposta problemática e seu gerenciamento, conclui-se que a descrição de Schegloff (2000a) aplica-se aos dados de conversa em português brasileiro examinados.Palavras-chave: Conversa; Fala-em-interação; Sobreposição; Interrupção; Tomada de turnos.Abstract: Overlapping talk is a common occurrence in talk-in-interaction, even if at times participants may find it problematic while carrying out their actions, and will thus work to manage and resolve it. Results are reported here of an investigation of overlapping talk and the overlap management/resolution device component of turntaking for ordinary conversation in Brazilian Portuguese. With the aim of verifying the adequacy of Schegloff’s (2000a) description of such phenomena, which was based on conversation among speakers of American English, two encounters among three participants having conversations in Brazilian Portuguese were recorded, transcribed andanalyzed following conversation analytic methods. We conclude that Schegloff’s (2000a) description of overlapping talk and the overlap management/resolution device applies to our Brazilian Portuguese conversation data.Keywords: Conversation; Talk-in-Interaction; Overlap; Interruption; TurnTaking.
Exact Morphism Category and Gorenstein-projective Representations
Authors: Luo Xiu-Hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLet Q be a finite acyclic quiver, let J be an ideal of kQ generated by all arrows in Q, and let A be a finite-dimensional k-algebra. The category of all finite-dimensional representations of (Q, J2) over A is denoted by rep(Q, J2, A). In this paper, we introduce the category exa(Q, J2, A), which is a subcategory of rep (Q, J2, A) of all exact representations. The main result of this paper explicitly describes the Gorenstein-projective representations in rep(Q, J2, A), via the exact representations plus an extra condition. As a corollary, A is a self-injective algebra if and only if the Gorensteinprojective representations are exactly the exact representations of (Q, J2) over A.
Efficient Reactive Navigation with Exact Collision Determination for 3D Robot Shapes
Authors: Jaimez Mariano , Blanco Jose-Luis , Gonzalez-Jimenez Javier 
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a reactive navigator for wheeled mobile robots moving on a flat surface which takes into account both the actual 3D shape of the robot and the 3D surrounding obstacles. The robot volume is modelled by a number of prisms consecutive in height, and the detected obstacles, which can be provided by different kinds of range sensor, are segmented into these heights. Then, the reactive navigation problem is tackled by a number of concurrent 2D navigators, one for each prism, which are consistently and efficiently combined to yield an overall solution. Our proposal for each 2D navigator is based on the concept of the “Parameterized Trajectory Generator” which models the robot shape as a polygon and embeds its kinematic constraints into different motion models. Extensive testing has been conducted in office-like and real house environments, covering a total distance of 18.5 km, to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, additional experiments are performed to highlight the advantages of a 3D-aware reactive navigator. The implemented code is available under an open-source licence.
Homosexual men in HIV serodiscordant relationships: implications for HIV treatment as prevention research
Authors: Bavinton Benjamin R , Jin Fengyi , Mao Limin , Zablotska Iryna , Prestage Garrett P , Grulich Andrew E 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionStudies in heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples have provided critical evidence on the role of HIV treatments in reducing HIV transmission risk. However, there are limited data regarding the effect of treatment on HIV transmission in homosexual male couples. We examined features of male homosexual HIV serodiscordant relationships that may impact upon the design of HIV treatment and transmission studies.MethodsData were from a prospective cohort study of HIV‐negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia. Men were followed up with six‐monthly interviews and annual testing for HIV. Characteristics of men in HIV serodiscordant and seroconcordant relationships at baseline were compared, and a longitudinal analysis performed of rate of relationship break‐up and of HIV incidence.ResultsAt baseline, 5.5% of participants (n=79) had an HIV‐positive partner. Most (80.8%) of these relationships were non‐monogamous, and 36.7% of men reported recent unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual partners. The rate of relationship break‐up was 29.5 per 100 person‐years. Half of men in serodiscordant relationships (49.4%) reported recent UAI with their regular partners. HIV incidence was 2.2 per 100 person‐years. It was substantially higher in relationships of less than one year's duration (6.1 per 100 person‐years) and in men who reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse with ejaculation with their regular partners (15.5 per 100 person‐years).ConclusionsLevels of HIV transmission risk and incidence were high, particularly in early relationships. Rates of relationship break‐up were high. These data suggest that studies of HIV treatments and transmission in homosexual serodiscordant couples should focus on early relationships so as not to underestimate risk, and sample sizes must allow for high rates of relationship break‐up.
Tomographic mapping of a coastal upwelling and the associated diurnal internal tides in Hiroshima Bay, Japan
Authors: Zhang Chuanzheng , Kaneko Arata , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Gohda Noriaki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTemperature variations caused by a typhoon were measured in the northern part of Hiroshima Bay by four coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems. The horizontal distributions of depth‐averaged temperature from 0 to 8 m were mapped at 10 min intervals between the 11 and 25 September 2013. The horizontal distributions of a coastal upwelling and the associated diurnal internal tides were reconstructed well by regularized inversion based on the grid segmented method, using one‐way travel time data along five successful sound transmission lines. Station‐to‐station ranges were corrected in such a way that sound speed (determined from one‐way travel time data) was equal to sound speed calculated from a couple of CTD (conductivity‐temperature‐depth) data sets on each transmission line. In addition, all station positions were adjusted to make focal points at the geographical positions of the transducers. The corrections increased the accuracy of temperature measurements to make temperature errors as small as 0.073–0.079°C. The high accuracy made it possible to map the temperature structure with a variation range of less than 0.5°C. An upwelling grew from 16 to 17 September, due to a typhoon‐derived northerly wind. The diurnal internal tide resonated with the semidiurnal external tide, which was pronounced after the upwelling decayed (18 September), around the time the spring tide occurred. The upwelling and mixing fractions were formulated. These fractions increased continuously as the upwelling grew. Complete mixing was observed during the upwelling's mature phase.
Seasonality of westerly moisture transport in the East Asian summer monsoon and its implications for interpreting precipitation δ18O
Authors: Baker Alexander J. , Sodemann Harald , Baldini James U. L. , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Johnson Kathleen R. , van Hunen Jeroen , Zhang Pingzhong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEast Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall impacts the world's most populous regions. Accurate EASM rainfall prediction necessitates robust paleoclimate reconstructions from proxy data and quantitative linkage to modern climatic conditions. Many precisely dated oxygen isotope records from Chinese stalagmites have been interpreted as directly reflecting past EASM rainfall amount variability, but recent research suggests that such records instead integrate multiple hydroclimatic processes. Using a Lagrangian precipitation moisture source diagnostic, we demonstrate that EASM rainfall is primarily derived from the Indian Ocean. Conversely, Pacific Ocean moisture export peaks during winter, and the moisture uptake area does not differ significantly between summer and winter and is thus a minor contributor to monsoonal precipitation. Our results are substantiated by an accurate reproduction of summer and winter spatial rainfall distributions across China. We also correlate modern EASM rainfall oxygen isotope ratios with instrumental rainfall amount and our moisture source data. This analysis reveals that the strength of the source effect is geographically variable, and differences in atmospheric moisture transport may significantly impact the isotopic signature of EASM rainfall at the Hulu, Dongge, and Wanxiang Cave sites. These results improve our ability to isolate the rainfall amount signal in paleomonsoon reconstructions and indicate that precipitation across central and eastern China will directly respond to variability in Indian Ocean moisture supply.
Environmental controls on the biogeography of diazotrophy and Trichodesmium in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Snow J. T. , Schlosser C. , Woodward E. M. S. , Mills M. M. , Achterberg E. P. , Mahaffey C. , Bibby T. S. , Moore C. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is responsible for a significant proportion of the annual “new” nitrogen introduced into the global ocean. Despite being arguably the best studied marine diazotroph, the factors controlling the distribution and growth of Trichodesmium remain a subject of debate, with sea surface temperature, the partial pressure of CO2, and nutrients including iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P), all suggested to be important. Synthesizing data from seven cruises collectively spanning large temporal and spatial scales across the Atlantic Ocean, including two previously unreported studies crossing the largely undersampled South Atlantic gyre, we assessed the relationship between proposed environmental drivers and both community N2 fixation rates and the distribution of Trichodesmium. Simple linear regression analysis would suggest no relationship between any of the sampled environmental variables and N2 fixation rates. However, considering the concentrations of iron and phosphorus together within a simplified resource‐ratio framework, illustrated using an idealized numerical model, indicates the combined effects these nutrients have on Trichodesmium and broader diazotroph biogeography, alongside the reciprocal maintenance of different biogeographic provinces of the (sub)tropical Atlantic in states of Fe or P oligotrophy by diazotrophy. The qualitative principles of the resource‐ratio framework are argued to be consistent with both the previously described North‐South Atlantic contrast in Trichodesmium abundance and the presence and consequence of a substantial non‐Trichodesmium diazotrophic community in the western South Atlantic subtropical gyre. A comprehensive, observation‐based explanation of the interactions between Trichodesmium and the wider diazotrophic community with iron and phosphorus in the Atlantic Ocean is thus revealed.
Explanation of Pi2 pulsations in auroral zone: Azimuthal propagation of ionospheric loop currents
Authors: Saka O. , Hayashi K. , Leonovich A. S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe modes of Pi2 oscillations in space and on the ground, particularly in the auroral zone, have been discussed individually. The former is associated with the cavity oscillations either ideally trapped or partially trapped in the magnetosphere, and the latter is associated with the transient oscillations of the currents in the ionosphere. In this report, we show that ground polarization patterns (ellipticity and major axis orientation) of Pi2 pulsations in the nighttime sector from auroral zone to midlatitudes can be explained by the wave polarizations in the magnetosphere transmitted by the fundamental and the third harmonic deformations of the geomagnetic field lines. These ground polarization patterns are, however, understood alternatively as propagating large‐scale ionospheric loop currents in auroral zone expanding ~1000 km longitudinally. One pattern propagates eastward in the dawn sector and the other westward in the dusk sector. The propagating loop currents for the generation of the ground polarizations were consistent with the vortical motion of auroras observed by all‐sky imager in association with the Pi2 pulsations. Propagation of the ionospheric loop currents and vortical motion of auroras are a consequence of the Pi2‐associated magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling through the Alfvén waves.
Seismogeodesy of the 2014Mw6.1 Napa earthquake, California: Rapid response and modeling of fast rupture on a dipping strike‐slip fault
Authors: Melgar Diego , Geng Jianghui , Crowell Brendan W. , Haase Jennifer S. , Bock Yehuda , Hammond William C. , Allen Richard M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReal‐time high‐rate geodetic data have been shown to be useful for rapid earthquake response systems during medium to large events. The 2014Mw6.1 Napa, California earthquake is important because it provides an opportunity to study an event at the lower threshold of what can be detected with GPS. We show the results of GPS‐only earthquake source products such as peak ground displacement magnitude scaling, centroid moment tensor (CMT) solution, and static slip inversion. We also highlight the retrospective real‐time combination of GPS and strong motion data to produce seismogeodetic waveforms that have higher precision and longer period information than GPS‐only or seismic‐only measurements of ground motion. We show their utility for rapid kinematic slip inversion and conclude that it would have been possible, with current real‐time infrastructure, to determine the basic features of the earthquake source. We supplement the analysis with strong motion data collected close to the source to obtain an improved postevent image of the source process. The model reveals unilateral fast propagation of slip to the north of the hypocenter with a delayed onset of shallow slip. The source model suggests that the multiple strands of observed surface rupture are controlled by the shallow soft sediments of Napa Valley and do not necessarily represent the intersection of the main faulting surface and the free surface. We conclude that the main dislocation plane is westward dipping and should intersect the surface to the east, either where the easternmost strand of surface rupture is observed or at the location where the West Napa fault has been mapped in the past.
Snow depth on Arctic sea ice derived from radar: In situ comparisons and time series analysis
Authors: Holt Benjamin , Johnson Michael P. , Perkovic‐Martin Dragana , Panzer Ben 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe snow radar being flown on NASA's Operation IceBridge, ongoing aircraft campaigns to the Arctic and the Antarctic are providing unique observations of the depth of snow on the sea ice cover. In this paper, we focus on the radar‐derived snow depth results from the 2009–2012 Arctic campaigns. We develop and evaluate the use of a distinct snow layer tracker to measure snow depth based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) supervised learning algorithm. The snow radar is designed to detect both the air‐snow and snow‐ice interfaces using ultrawideband frequencies from 2 to 8 GHz. The quality, errors, and repeatability of the snow radar snow depth estimates are examined, based on comparisons with in situ data obtained during two separate sea ice field campaigns, the GreenArc 2009 and the CryoVEx 2011 campaigns off Greenland in the Lincoln Sea. Finally, we analyze 4 years (2009–2012) of three annually repeated sea ice flight lines obtained in early spring, located off Greenland and the Canadian Arctic. We examine the annual variations of snow depth differences between perennial and seasonal ice when available. Overall, the snow layer tracker produced consistent, accurate results for snow depths between 0.10 and ∼0.60 m. This was confirmed with comparisons with the two data sets from the in situ measurement campaigns as well as with the time series analysis, and is consistent with other published results.