bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal dissection for transanal total mesorectal excision using modified CO2 insufflation and smoke extraction
Authors: Nicholson G. , Knol J. , Houben B. , Cunningham C. , Ashraf S. , Hompes R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe new approach of transanal total mesorectal excision is technically challenging and demands a stable field of dissection with optimal view of anatomical landmarks. We aimed to describe and demonstrate a modification of both the insufflation of carbon dioxide and smoke evacuation, in order to optimize dissection.MethodThe comparison of standard insufflation to an AirSeal platform demonstrates a clear difference. This is shown in the accompanying video‐recordings.ResultsA more stable pneumorectum and better smoke evacuation as well as more convenient and precise dissection were achieved with the AirSeal platform.ConclusionUsing the technique outlined, the operating surgeon is able to perform the surgical dissection in a stable operating environment with increased visibility compared to the standard approach.
Long‐term anorectal, urinary and sexual dysfunction causing distress after radiotherapy for anal cancer: a Danish multicentre cross‐sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Sunesen K. G. , Nørgaard M. , Lundby L. , Havsteen H. , Buntzen S. , Thorlacius‐Ussing O. , Laurberg S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe objective of primary radiotherapy for anal cancer is to remove cancer while maintaining anorectal function. However, little is known about anorectal function among long‐term survivors without colostomy. Using a cross‐sectional questionnaire study, we examined symptoms and distress related to the dysfunction of pelvic organs after radiotherapy for anal cancer.MethodA questionnaire regarding anorectal, urinary and sexual symptoms was sent to anal cancer patients without recurrence or colostomy, diagnosed during 1996–2003, and treated with curative intent (chemo)radiotherapy at three Danish centres. For each symptom we assessed frequency and severity and the level of symptom‐induced distress (no, little, moderate or great distress).ResultsOf 94 eligible patients, 84 (89%) returned the completed questionnaire at a median of 33 months after radiotherapy. Incontinence for solid stools, liquid stools and gas occurred at least monthly in 31%, 54% and 79% of patients, respectively. Overall 40% of patients reported great distress from incontinence for solid or liquid stools at least monthly. Faecal urgency occurring at least monthly was experienced by 87% of patients and caused great distress in 43%. Stress, urge or another type of urinary incontinence occurred at least monthly in 45% and caused great distress in 21%. Urinary urgency occurred at least monthly in 48% but only caused great distress in 14%. Sexual desire was severely decreased in 58% and only 24% were satisfied with their sexual function.ConclusionDistressing long‐term anorectal and sexual dysfunction was common after radiotherapy for anal cancer, and morbidity due to urinary dysfunction was moderate.
Histamine resets the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus through the H1R‐CaV1.3‐RyR pathway in the mouse
Authors: Kim Yoon Sik , Kim Young‐Beom , Kim Woong Bin , Yoon Bo‐Eun , Shen Feng‐Yan , Lee Seung Won , Soong Tuck‐Wah , Han Hee‐Chul , Colwell Christopher S. , Lee C. Justin , Kim Yang In 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHistamine, a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator implicated in the control of arousal state, exerts a potent phase‐shifting effect on the circadian clock in the rodent suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In this study, the mechanisms by which histamine resets the circadian clock in the mouse SCN were investigated. As a first step, Ca2+‐imaging techniques were used to demonstrate that histamine increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in acutely dissociated SCN neurons and that this increase is blocked by the H1 histamine receptor (H1R) antagonist pyrilamine, the removal of extracellular Ca2+ and the L‐type Ca2+ channel blocker nimodipine. The histamine‐induced Ca2+ transient is reduced, but not blocked, by application of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) blocker dantrolene. Immunohistochemical techniques indicated that CaV1.3 L‐type Ca2+ channels are expressed mainly in the somata of SCN cells along with the H1R, whereas CaV1.2 channels are located primarily in the processes. Finally, extracellular single‐unit recordings demonstrated that the histamine‐elicited phase delay of the circadian neural activity rhythm recorded from SCN slices is blocked by pyrilamine, nimodipine and the knockout of CaV1.3 channel. Again, application of dantrolene reduced but did not block the histamine‐induced phase delays. Collectively, these results indicate that, to reset the circadian clock, histamine increases [Ca2+]i in SCN neurons by activating CaV1.3 channels through H1R, and secondarily by causing Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release from RyR‐mediated internal stores.
Adverse drug reactions to self‐medication: a study in a pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Berreni Aurélia , Montastruc François , Bondon‐Guitton Emmanuelle , Rousseau Vanessa , Abadie Delphine , Durrieu Geneviève , Chebane Leila , Giroud Jean‐Paul , Bagheri Haleh , Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough self‐medication is widely developed, there are few detailed data about its adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study investigated the main characteristics of ADRs with self‐medication recorded in the Midi‐Pyrénées PharmacoVigilance between 2008 and 2014. Self‐medication included first OTC drugs and second formerly prescribed drugs later used without medical advice (reuse of previously prescribed drugs). Among the 12 365 notifications recorded, 160 (1.3%) were related to SM with 186 drugs. Around three‐forth of the ADRs were ‘serious’. Mean age was 48.8 years with 56.3% females. The most frequent ADRs were gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric and main drug classes involved NSAIDs, analgesics, and benzodiazepines. Phytotherapy–homeopathy accounted for 9.1% of drugs.
Effects of mean stress and stress concentration on fatigue behavior of short fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Mortazavian S. , Fatemi A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mean stress on fatigue behavior of two short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites and the effect of stress concentration on fatigue behavior of an unreinforced and a short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic. Load‐controlled fatigue tests were conducted on unnotched (smooth) specimens at R ratios of −1, 0.1, and 0.3 in different mold flow directions or fiber orientations and at a range of temperatures between −40 and 125 °C. Effect of mean stress on fatigue life was found to be significant at all temperatures. Several mean stress parameters including modified Goodman, Walker, and Smith–Watson–Topper were evaluated for their ability to correlate mean stress data. A general fatigue life prediction model was also used to account for the effect of mean stress, temperature, and fiber orientation. Notched fatigue tests of an unreinforced polymer and a short glass fiber thermoplastic composite were also conducted using plate type specimens with a central circular hole and with or without the presence of mean stress. Effect of stress concentration was found to be considerable, with or without mean stress and in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The commonly used Neuber's rule for metallic materials, nonlinear finite element analysis, as well as critical distance approaches were utilized for notch deformation and fatigue life analyses.
Associations between oral disorders and the quality of life of older adults in Brazil
Authors: de Barros Lima Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério , Nascimento Jairo Evangelista , Souza João Gabriel Silva , Sales Marinilza Mota , Jones Kimberly Marie , Ferreira e Ferreira Efigênia 
Published: July 2015

AimTo evaluate the effect of oral disorders on the quality of life of older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of older adults (aged ≥60 years) who reside in a small Brazilian city was carried out. Trained and calibrated academics and dentists collected the data. The analyses carried out were descriptive, univariate and multiple through logistic regression using pasw Statistics 18.0 software.ResultsA total of 351 older adults were included in the study. The majority of older adults did not express impacts as a result of oral disorders. The physical domain of quality of life was compromises more in older adults who had physical incapacities related to oral health (odds ratio 3.62, 95% confidence interval 1.34–9.73).ConclusionIn general, among the older adults evaluated, it was found that both the overall score and the individual scores for the four domains of quality of life were influenced by one of the seven domains of the impacts of oral disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 446‐457.
Low‐concentrated acidic electrolysed water treatment of pork: inactivation of surface microbiota and changes in product quality
Authors: Brychcy Ewa , Malik Magdalena , Drożdżewski Piotr , Ulbin‐Figlewicz Natalia , Jarmoluk Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe study analysed the effect of low‐concentrated acidic electrolysed water (LCAEW) treatment on meat. Microbiological analysis and colour and sensory quality testing during storage were performed on Longissimus thoracis. FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectroscopy were used to detect eventual changes in the structure of meat after treatment. Meat samples were sprayed for 120 s with LCAEW (0.001%, 0.01% or 0.1% NaCl solution were electrolysed for 0, 5 or 10 min). The highest reduction in total number of micro‐organisms (3.25 log reduction), yeast and moulds (2.68 log reduction) and psychrotrophs (3.10 log reduction) was observed after spraying the meat samples with 0.1% NaCl electrolysed for 10 min. LCAEW caused a decrease in deoxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin concentration in unstored meat samples. The preliminary sensory studies proved that colour changes are not significant for consumers. The IR and Raman spectra indicate that the structure of compounds of meat tissues are not affected by chlorine and chlorine compounds (LCAEW components). LCAEW has no influence on denaturation of meat protein.
Evidence synthesis and meta‐analysis: a practical approach
Authors: García‐Perdomo Herney Andrés 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA systematic review (SR) is an explicit and clear assessment of the literature, derived from a clearly articulated research question, along with a critical analysis and according to different tools and a summary of the evidence. If researchers find clear and homogeneous data, then it is possible to perform a meta‐analysis (MA). SRs must include the following: a clear question based on the PICO (patient or population, intervention, comparison and outcome) strategy, a reproducible search strategy, appropriate selection of studies along with data extraction, assessment of the quality of evidence and a MA if it is appropriate. SRs and meta‐analyses are fundamental supports for decision‐making in the clinical area, in public health and government policies in a wide arena of knowledge generation. Understanding the role of SRs and their conduct that can be an important skill to practitioners such as urology nurses, particularly those involved in research studies.
Self‐harm in young people: Prevalence, associated factors, and help‐seeking in school‐going adolescents
Authors: Doyle Louise , Treacy Margaret P. , Sheridan Ann 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAdolescent self‐harm is recognized as a serious public health problem; however, there is little reliable comparative data on its prevalence or characteristics, or on the extent of help‐seeking for self‐harm. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence and associated factors of adolescent self‐harm in an urban region in Ireland, and to investigate help‐seeking behaviours for self‐harm. This was a cross‐sectional study of 856 school‐going adolescents, employing an anonymous self‐report questionnaire. A lifetime history of self‐harm was reported by 12.1% of adolescents. Factors independently associated with self‐harm included exposure to self‐harm of a friend/family member. Professional help‐seeking was uncommon prior to (9%) and after (12%) self‐harm. Furthermore, only 6.9% of adolescents presented to hospital as a result of their last self‐harm act. These findings indicate that self‐harm is common in adolescents; however, seeking professional help is not a common phenomenon, and those who present to hospital represent the ‘tip of the iceberg’ of adolescent self‐harm. Identifying the prevalence of self‐harm and associated factors, in addition to help‐seeking behaviours, in young people is important to determine the preventative programmes to target ‘at‐risk’ groups. Mental health nurses have an important and increasing role to play in such school‐based initiatives.
Un indicateur de la qualité de l'emploi appliqué au Brésil
Authors: HUNEEUS Federico , LANDERRETCHE Oscar , PUENTES Esteban , SELMAN Javiera 
Published: July 2015

RésuméDans les pays où les activités informelles et le travail précaire sont répandus, on peut s'interroger sur la pertinence des taux d'activité et de chômage. Pour analyser le marché du travail brésilien entre 2002 et 2011, les auteurs utilisent ici un indicateur multidimensionnel de la qualité de l'emploi, prenant en compte les revenus, l'existence d'un contrat de travail, le fait de cotiser à la sécurité sociale et l'ancienneté dans l'emploi. Les résultats montrent une augmentation significative de la qualité de l'emploi, surtout de 2009 à 2011, avec d'importantes variations d'un secteur d'activité à l'autre, ainsi qu'entre salariés et indépendants.
Croissance économique, flexibilité du travail et qualité de l'emploi en Colombie de 2002 à 2011
Authors: FARNÉ Stefano , VERGARA Carlos Andrés 
Published: July 2015

RésuméEntre 2002 et 2011, le marché du travail colombien a connu une nette amélioration des possibilités d'emploi, assortie d'une montée de l'emploi atypique. Les auteurs étudient l'incidence de ces phénomènes sur la qualité de l'emploi au moyen d'un indice synthétique dérivé d'une analyse des correspondances multiples. Ils observent une amélioration, légère mais générale, de cette qualité, associée à l'augmentation des revenus, à l'extension de la protection sociale et au recul du sous‐emploi. Les principales bénéficiaires sont les travailleuses indépendantes. Toutefois, un important déficit qualitatif perdure, qui appelle à consolider les institutions du marché du travail et à stimuler la productivité et l'investissement.
Investigation of Annealing Induced Yttria Segregation in Sputtered Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films
Authors: Subramaniam Kiruba Mangalam , Rajeswara Rao Langoju Lakshmi , Jampana Nagaraju 
Published: July 2015

8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) is an extensively studied solid electrolyte. But there is no consistency in the reported ionic conductivity values of 8YSZ thin films. Interfacial segregation in YSZ thin films can affect its ionic conductivity by locally altering the surface chemistry. This article presents the effects of annealing temperature and film thickness on free surface yttria segregation behavior in 8YSZ thin film by Angle Resolved XPS and its influence on the ionic conductivity of sputtered 8YSZ thin films. Surface yttria concentration of about 32, 20, and 9 mol% have been found in 40 nm 8YSZ films annealed at 1273, 1173, and 1073 K, respectively. Yttria segregation is found to increase with increase in annealing temperature and film thickness. Ionic conductivities of 0.23, 0.16, and 0.08 Scm−1 are observed at 923 K for 40 nm 8YSZ films annealed at 1073, 1173, and 1273 K, respectively. The decrease in conductivity with increase in annealing temperature is attributed to the increased yttria segregation with annealing. Neither segregation nor film thickness is found to affect the activation energy of oxygen ion conduction. Target purity is found to play a key role in determining free surface yttria segregation in 8YSZ thin films.
Nursing care of children in general practice settings: roles and responsibilities
Authors: Walsh Anne , Barnes Margaret , Mitchell Amy E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine roles and responsibilities of Practice Nurses in the area of child health and development and in advising parents about child health issues.BackgroundAs the focus of Australia's health care system shifts further towards the primary health care sector, governmental initiatives require that Practice Nurses are knowledgeable, confident and competent in providing care in the area of child health and development. Little is known about roles and responsibilities of Practice Nurses in this area.DesignCross‐sectional survey design.MethodsPractice Nurses completed a national online survey examining the roles and responsibilities in child health and development, professional development needs and role satisfaction. Data were collected from June 2010–April 2011.ResultsRespondents (N = 159) reported having a significant role in well and sick child care and were interested in extending their role. Frequent activities included immunization, phone triage/advice, child health/development advice, wound care and Healthy Kids Checks. However, few had paediatric/child nursing backgrounds or postgraduate qualifications in paediatric nursing and they reported limited preparation for the role. Practice Nurses reported difficulties with keeping up‐to‐date with child health information and advising parents confidently. Satisfaction was relatively low regarding opportunities and encouragement to undertake professional development and expand scope of practice.ConclusionPractice Nurses are largely unprepared to meet the demands of their child health role and need support to develop and maintain the skills and knowledge base necessary for high‐quality, evidence‐based practice. Both financial and time support is needed to enable Practice Nurses to access child health professional development.
Six‐Year Clinical Outcomes After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Impaired Left Ventricular Function
Authors: RILLIG ANDREAS , MAKIMOTO HISAKI , WEGNER JASCHA , LIN TINA , HEEGER CHRISTIAN , LEMES CHRISTINE , FINK THOMAS , METZNER ANDREAS , WISSNER ERIK , MATHEW SHIBU , WOHLMUTH PETER , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ , TILZ ROLAND RICHARD , OUYANG FEIFAN 
Published: July 2015

AF Ablation in Patients With Impaired LVEFIntroductionLong‐term data after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with impaired systolic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are sparse.This study assessed the outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and reduced LVEF treated with PVI after a median follow‐up period of 6 years.Methods and ResultsEighty‐one patients with an LVEF≤45% were evaluated; however, 1 patient was lost to follow‐up. In the remaining 80 patients (male: n = 68 (85%), median age 61.6 (54.8–67.5) years) with paroxysmal (n = 16, 20%), persistent (n = 37, 46.2%), and longstanding‐persistent AF (LS‐AF), catheter ablation of AF using radiofrequency and 3D mapping was performed. Follow‐up included Holter monitoring or pacemaker/ICD interrogation to assess for arrhythmia recurrence and echocardiography to assess LVEF.Median follow‐up was 72 (67–75) months. Death occurred in 21 patients. Single‐procedure success rate was 35.1% and multiple‐procedure success rate was 56.8% in the overall group. Baseline median LVEF (35% [28.5–40%]) significantly increased at 6‐year follow‐up (56.5% [40.0–60.0%], P < 0.01). In patients with single‐ or multiple‐procedure ablation success, there was a higher improvement of LVEF (single procedure: 25% [15.0–35] vs. 10.0% [–1.0–20.0], P < 0.01; multiple procedures: 20.0% [15–34] vs. 5.0% [5.00–15.0]; P < 0.01). The single (43.8% vs. 40%, P = 0.96) and multiple procedure success rates (62.5% vs. 60%, P = 0.47) were comparable between patients with PAF and persistent AF and lowest in patients with LS‐AF (single procedure success: 23.1%, multiple‐procedure success: 47.8%).ConclusionSingle‐procedure success rates after PVI during 6 years of follow‐up were low. In patients with single‐ or multiple‐procedure ablation success, a higher improvement of LVEF was observed.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Detoxification of Free Gossypol from Cottonseed Meal
Authors: Dai Chunhua , Zhang Liuping , Ma Haile , Yin Xiulian , He Ronghai , Qian Jingya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo decrease NaOH consumption in the process of removal of free gossypol (FG) in cottonseed meal (CSM), ultrasound was applied in the detoxification experiments. The effects of various factors on the removal efficiency were studied by single‐factor experiments, and detoxification conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. The result indicated that removal ratio of FG increased with increasing NaOH concentration (0.5–1.5 g/L), ultrasonic power (0–1,000 W), treatment time (0–20 min) and pulse duration (1–5 s); however, further increase of pulse duration (6–7 s) resulted in a decrease. The removal ratio even reached 95.82 ± 2.75% (n = 3) under optimal conditions of NaOH concentration (1.5 g/L), sonication time (16 min) and pulse duration (5 s). The Box–Behnken design generated satisfactory mathematical models that accurately explained the behavior of the system, allowing one to predict the removal efficiency of FG in CSM.Practical ApplicationsCottonseed meal (CSM) has long been considered as a good source of protein for animals. However, a polyphenolic compound, particularly free gossypol (FG), that existed in CSM limits its application as feeding stuffs. The findings in the present study demonstrated the beneficial effects of ultrasound on the removal efficiency of FG in the detoxification experiments. The application of ultrasound can not only significantly decrease the NaOH consumption but also improve the detoxification effect compared with conventional detoxification method using only NaOH solution. Therefore, this study exhibits a new detoxification technique and is of practical significance.
NaCl Influences Thermal Resistance and Cell Morphology of Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Lee Heeyoung , Lee Soomin , Kim Sejeong , Ha Jimyeong , Lee Jeeyeon , Choi Kyoung‐Hee , Yoon Yohan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study elucidated the effect of NaCl on the thermal resistance and cell morphology of Escherichia coli strains. E. coli O157:H7 NCCP11142, E. coli O111 ATCC12795 and E. coli O26 ATCC43887 were incubated in tryptic soy broth formulated with 0% NaCl (nonhabituated) as well as broth formulated with 2% and 4% NaCl (NaCl‐habituated) at 35C. Nonhabituated, 2% NaCl‐habituated and 4% NaCl‐habituated E. coli O157:H7, E. coli O111 and E. coli O26 were heat‐challenged at 50C. The transcriptomes (osmotic stress‐related: betA, ompC, proV, proW and heat stress‐related: clpB, dksA, dnaJ, dnaK, grpE, msbB, rpoE) were analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and the morphology of E. coli strains was also observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The survival of E. coli O157:H7 was higher (P < 0.05) than those of other strains after the heat challenge. The expression levels of proV, proW and rpoE increased (P < 0.05) as NaCl concentration increased, but only proV expression levels were significantly different (P < 0.05) among E. coli strains. The results indicate that the effect of NaCl on the thermal resistance and the cell morphology depends on the E. coli strain, and increased proV expression level by NaCl may cause the increased thermal resistance of E. coli O157:H7.Practical ApplicationsNaCl is widely used as an antimicrobial and a preservative agent in food processing. However, Escherichia coli O157:H7 exposed to 2% and 4% NaCl showed thermal resistance, upregulated gene expression on osmotic‐ and heat‐related genes and changed cell morphology. Thus, NaCl concentration should be limited in food not to increase E. coli O157:H7 tolerance to other stresses.