bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Lilies in the Mires”: Contesting Eurocentric Paradigms and Rhetoric of Civilization in Scolastique Mukasonga’s War Narratives
Authors: Oko Ajah Richard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Rwandan writer, Scholastique Mukasonga chronicles her eye-witness account of Rwandan civil war and genocide; her two novels are part of literary attempts to historicize ethnic collective trauma and memory, but they end up traumatizing national history itself and deconstructing Eurocentric representations. Her works are popularly read as autobiographies and could be mapped under trauma studies. However, this study intends to read these works as autoethnographical texts which this hyphenated writer uses to dismantle conventional boundaries of linguistic morpho-syntax of French, to deconstruct European historical constructions and to contest Eurocentric epistemologies that gave rise to the literary cartography of the Other world. This Eurocentrism produces markers of post/colonial idioms such as “civilized/primitive” and “modern/traditional” as means of justifying the essence of empires. Mukasonga’s account opens our eyes to Rwandan indigenous art, science, medicine and society; therefore, it contests the ontology of European civilization. Although her novels are predominantly written in French, Mukasonga uses her native dialect of Kinyarwanda to unveil age-long Rwandan [African] civilization, thus forcing her European readership to see the “lilies in the mires”.
The Word – an Extensive Topography
Authors: Dinu Adrian Lucian , Dinu Claudia Elena 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article intends to analyse crossings between words and the Word. To this purpose, we will present linguistic and spiritual connotations of the terms belonging to the semantic field of the verb “to communicate” and of the idea of communication. We will also deepen the pneumatologic curative issue of the Word. The final section of the article will draw on the description of the extensive references in the relation between words and the Word.
Performance of a Catalytic Gas–Solid Fluidized Bed Reactor in the Presence of Interparticle Forces
Authors: Shabanian Jaber , Chaouki Jamal 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The influence of interparticle forces (IPFs) on the hydrodynamics of a gas–solid fluidized bed was experimentally investigated with the help of a polymer coating approach. The results showed that the presence of IPFs in the bed can considerably change the hydrodynamic parameters. The tendency of the fluidizing gas passing through the bed in the emulsion phase increased with IPFs in the bubbling regime. The performance of a fluidized bed reactor was then studied through simulation of a reactive catalytic system using three different hydrodynamic models: (a) a simple two-phase flow model, (b) a dynamic two-phase flow model, and (c) a dynamic two-phase flow model, integrating the effects of superficial gas velocity and IPFs. The simple two-phase flow model was found to underestimate the reactor performance for catalytic reaction most likely due to the oversimplified assumptions involved in this model. Also, the simulation results showed that modification of the bed hydrodynamics due to IPFs resulted in a better performance for a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. This suggests that the hydrodynamic models should take into account the effects of superficial gas velocity and variation in the ratio of the magnitude of IPFs/hydrodynamic forces, due to any operational reason, to yield a more reliable evaluation of the performance of the fluidized bed reactor.
The Experience of Nursing Students Who Make Mistakes in Clinical
Authors: Zieber Mark Pijl , Williams Beverley 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe experience of nursing students who make mistakes during clinical practice is poorly understood. The literature identifies clinical practice mistakes as a significant issue in nursing practice and education but there is very little research on the topic. This study used a grounded theory approach to explore the experience of undergraduate nursing students who had made at least one mistake in their clinical practice. What emerged is a theory that illuminates the process of how students move through the positive and negative elements of the mistake experience the core variable that emerged from the study was “living through the mistake experience.” The mistake experience was clearly a traumatic process for nursing students and students reported feeling unprepared and lacking the capability to manage the mistake experience. A number of recommendations for nursing education are proposed.
Influence of Salt Stress on Growth and Frost Resistance of Three Winter Cereals
Authors: Matuszak-Slamani Renata , Brzóstowicz Aleksander 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents results of a study on the influence of 0-150 mmol NaCl dm-3 Hoagland solution on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and frost resistance of seedlings of three winter cereals: wheat - cv. Almari, rye - cv. Amilo, and triticale - cv. Tornado. Sodium chloride at 25 mmol dm-3 caused better growth of wheat shoots and roots, both of fresh and dry matter. Higher concentrations of NaCl in the medium decreased the biomass of the tested seedlings. The influence of NaCl on the chlorophyll content in the seedlings varied. The conductometry method showed that the resistance of the cell walls of wheat and rye to low temperature decreased in the presence of NaCl in the growth medium. Luminescence has shown that seedlings that grew in NaCl-containing medium indicated an impediment of electron flow at a lower temperature than the control plants.
Dielectric Spectroscopy of Grape Juice at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Vijay Ravika , Jain Ritu , Sharma Krishna S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The complex permittivity of fresh juice of two cultivars of grapes, Sultania (green grapes) and Black Monukka (black grapes) was measured in terms of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor over the frequency range from 1 to 50 GHz and at temperatures ranging from 30 to 60°C, by using the PNA network analyzer model E8364C and open ended coaxial probe 85070E. The Cole-Cole plots and dielectric constant vs. (angular frequency) dielectric loss factor and dielectric constant vs. dielectric loss factor/(angular frequency) regression lines at different temperatures were used in Debye approximation to predict relaxation frequency of molecules for the two cultivars of grapes in the low frequency and high frequency limits, respectively. It was observed that the acidic character of green grapes is responsible for the large amplitude vibrational peaks in dielectric loss factor - frequency curves, in the high frequency region at higher temperatures. On the other hand, excess of sugar in black grapes suppresses the activity of water molecules, thereby suppressing the vibrational peaks at higher frequencies. Different relaxation frequencies found for the two cultivars of grapes suggest that they have different molecular structure.
Geometrical and Friction Properties of Perennial Grasses and Their Weeds in View of an Electro-Separation Method
Authors: Kovalyshyn Stepan J. , Dadak Viktor O. , Sokolyk Vitalij V. , Grundas Stanisław , Stasiak Mateusz , Tys Jerzy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Many seed mixtures of herbs are difficult to separate. This is confirmed by studies determining the basic geometrical and friction properties of the seeds of perennial grasses and seeds of their weeds. The results show that in most cases the value of their geometrical parameters (length, thickness, and width) and friction properties (friction coefficients for different external surfaces of internal friction coefficients) are substantially similar and differ slightly among each other. This is the evidence that these properties are impractical to use in the process of separation as signs of divisibility. In the paper, a method for electro-separation of seed mixtures of herbs based on the use of complex physical, mechanical properties and electrical components in the separation are presented. The electric field that acts as an additional working body allows considering the surface conditions and biological status of seed mixtures of particles and significantly expands the functionality of the separators. Confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed method for separation can be seen in the example of purification of red clover and sorrel seeds. By imposition of an electric field on an inclined moving separating plane, we can completely separate weed seeds from the main crop. The results confirm the effectiveness of the electro-separating method.
Environmental Attitudes and Household Electricity Use among Budapest Residents
Authors: Dúll Andrea , Janky Béla 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
This paper addresses the question of whether the evidence on positive relationship between environmental attitudes and household energy consumption in advanced post-industrial societies can be extended to emerging economies. In this study, we focused on electricity use and utilized multivariate regression to test the above hypothesis on a sample of residents of Óbuda (Budapest) in February 2011. The analysis suggests that the findings on the positive environmental attitude-behaviour relationship in advanced post-industrial societies can be extended to some (relatively affluent) communities in post-socialist societies. Our data also showed that the effects of housing type and demography are much larger compared to the effects of the attitudes. We emphasize that our findings do not provide evidence against the hypothesis on the interaction between the effects of societal culture and individual attitudes on pro-environmental behaviour.
Trends and Challenges for Social Enterprises in Romania
Authors: Lambru Mihaela , Petrescu Claudia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
Over the last years, the interest for the potential of social economy organisations to support and produce economic and social development has increased substantially. Against the background of this increased interest in the area, the interest for the research of this economic sector having specific characteristics and grouping various organisations under the same identity has also increased. Starting from recent research, the main purpose of this article is to describe the landscape of social economy actors and the key elements in the evolution of the social enterprises in Romania. In the first part, we present structured information about the status quo of social economy entities such as they appear by analyzing the data collected at national level by the National Institute of Statistics and by analyzing the juridical and institutional framework of each type of organization. The analysis mainly focuses on three types of organisations – cooperatives, NGOs with an economic activity and mutual organisations. In the second part, the authors identify and analyze several key policy fields enabling the development of social economy actors. The last part of the review is dedicated to a discussion concerning the development of a specific policy framework to support the social enterprises in Romania.
‘But You Looked Smart’: Participant Observations of HIV Testing and Counseling for Young Adults
Authors: Johnson Malynnda A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
In recent years, a consistent increase of new HIV infections in young adult populations has been reported. One argument is that this population does not receive adequate information or support to promote healthy behavior choices. The current study provides direct evaluation of services and communication about prevention provided to young adults by trained counselors to identify critical issues that could illuminate ongoing barriers. Six clinic sites surrounding a large Midwest university were evaluated. Through participant observations and interviews, this analysis demonstrates that while the rapid HIV test has increased the opportunity for counseling to take place, numerous areas of concern still exist including access to testing, the use of judgmental language, as well as the presence of both halo and horn effect.
An Elementary Theory of Social Structure
Authors: Emanuelson Pamela 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the Elementary Theory, a theory which infers interests from conditions of social structure and uses that information to predict interaction outcomes. It also reviews how the theory models social structure and the seven conditions of structure (i.e. exclusion, inclusion, null, inclusion-null, inclusion-exclusion, hierarchy/mobility and ordering) known to affect one type of human activity, the exercise of power. This paper ends up with a brief presentation of the recent theoretical developments of the Elementary Theory.
Exploring the Communist Higher Education System. Contributions towards a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Florian Bogdan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
‘The combination of education with industrial production’ made the top 10 list of measures which have to be implemented in countries where the proletariat will raise as the ruling class, according to Marx’s Communist Manifesto. It is ranked at the end of the list of necessary steps to achieve a new social order, however it endured and, in a slightly modified form it even exists today in higher education reform strategies.
To which extent has this ideological prescription been followed and inspired political measures? This paper aims at proposing a few steps in creating a theoretical framework for analysis of the role of higher education in the communist system. I will use an institutionalist approach to explore where higher education can be placed, in the larger context of the communist system. I will try and adapt to this topic the system paradigm proposed by János Kornai and explore higher education as a component of the larger communist system. Was it the universities’ mission to produce an able workforce for the industrial development? Was there another scientific or ideological mission equally important? How well did the communist central planning system perform in matching industrial demand and educational production? These are some key questions to which this exploration aims at finding a framework for answering.
Slabičné Rozhrania V Modeloch Trojčlenných Konsonantických Skupín V Slovenčine
Authors: Sabol Ján , Ivančová Lena 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper analyzes the criteria for the determination of the syllabic boundary in consonant clusters in the intersonantic position of three-syllable words (material base is standard Slovak), while the applicability and „weight” of individual criteria for the determination of syllable boundaries, as well as their „cooperative” and „contradicting” character, are manifested. The interpretative procedure is realized on the abstract level of phonic units, on which three groups of nonsonants (resonant, noise occlusives and noise fricatives) are determined. As a result, a limited number of model combinations of examined consonant (nonsonant) clusters has arisen. This kind of analysis proceeds from a closer interconnection between differentiated levels of individual and universal in phonic units according to J. Sabol’s synthetic phonological theory.
Searching for standard French: The construction and mining of the Recueil historique des grammaires du français
Authors: Poplack Shana , Jarmasz Lidia-Gabriela , Dion Nathalie , Rosen Nicole 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a massive project to characterize “Standard French” by constructing and mining theRecueil historique des grammaires du français(RHGF), a corpus of grammars whose prescriptive dictates we interpret as representing the evolution of the standard over five centuries. Its originality lies in the possibility it affords to ascertain the existence of prior variability, date it, and determine the conditions under which grammarians accept or condemn variant uses. Systematic meta-analyses of the RHGF reveal that grammarians rarely acknowledge the existence of alternate ways of expressing the same thing. Instead, they adopt three major strategies to establish form-function symmetry. All involve partitioning competing variants across distinct social, semantic or linguistic contexts, despite pervasive disagreement over which variant to associate with which. This effectively factors out variability. In contrast, systematic analysis of actual languageuse, as instantiated in the spontaneous speech of 323 speakers of Quebec French over an apparent-time period of a century and a half, reveals robust variability, regularly conditioned by contextual elements which have never been acknowledged by grammarians. This conditioning has remained largely stable since at least the mid-nineteenth century. Taken together, these results indicate that the “rules” for variant selection promulgated by grammarians do not inform the spoken language, nor do grammars take account of the variable rules structuring spontaneous speech. As a result, grammar and usage are evolving independently.
Some more on the history of present-tense -s, do and zero: West Oxfordshire, 1837
Authors: Wright Laura 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper analyses the present indicative third-person singular markers in a diary kept by a servant from West Oxfordshire in 1837. There are three present-tense markers present in the diary: periphrastic auxiliary verb do, -s, and zero. However, all affirmative declarative do forms are found to be emphatic, so I deduce that periphrastic do was not present. Zero occurs at the surprisingly high rate of 21%. I examine the possibility that zero was the result of hypercorrection (perhaps due to misapplied schooling, or perhaps due to dialect contact as the diarist left West Oxfordshire and took up employment in London), but this is rejected because -s and zero patterns in the same way as in other southern data, based on an analysis of pronoun v. NP subjects, auxiliary v. full-verb have, non-categorical NPPR, and non-categorical Early Modern subjunctive zero. Presumably, these regular patternings would not be present were the zeroes due to an over-applied rule. I hypothesise that as periphrastic do and older -th became abandoned, an empty morpheme slot emerged, which later became filled with generalised -s. It is this temporarily empty morpheme slot, I suggest, which accounts for the 21% zeroes.
Multilevel Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel type iteration methods for solving ill-posed integral equations
Authors: Luo Xingjun , Hu Wenyu , Xiong Lingjuan , Li Fanchun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper, multilevel Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel type iteration methods with compression technique are developed for solving ill-posed integral equations by making use of the multiscale structure of the matrix representation of the integral operator. The methods are based on the combination of Tikhonov regularization and multiscale Galerkin methods, and lead to fast solutions of discrete regularization methods for the equations. Choice for an a posteriori regularization parameter is proposed. An optimal convergence order for the method with the choices of parameters is established. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Nonlinear FE simulations of structural behavior parameters of reinforced concrete beam with epoxy-bonded FRP
Authors: Sasmal Saptarshi , Kalidoss S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the present study, investigations on fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) plated-reinforced concrete (RC) beam are carried out. Numerical investigations are performed by using a nonlinear finite element analysis by incorporating cracking and crushing of concrete. The numerical models developed in the present study are validated with the results obtained from the experiment under monotonic load using the servo-hydraulic actuator in displacement control mode. Further, the validated numerical models are used to evaluate the influence of different parameters. It is found from the investigations that increase in the elastic modulus of adhesive layer and CFRP laminate increases the interfacial stresses whereas increase in laminate modulus decreases the displacement and reinforcement strain of the beam. It is also observed that increase in the adhesive layer can largely reduce the interfacial stresses, whereas increase in laminate thickness increases it. However, increase in laminate thickness decreases the displacement and reinforcement strain of the beam significantly. It is mention worthy that increase in laminate length reduces the interfacial stresses, whereas CFRP width change does not affect the interfacial stresses. The study will be useful for the design and practicing engineers for arriving at the FRP-based strengthening schemes for RC structures judiciously.
This Is Your Brain on Human Rights: Moral Enhancement and Human Rights
Authors: Cohen I. Glenn 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
It seems fair to say that human rights law takes the human as given. Human beings are particular kinds of entities with particular kinds of psychologies and propensities, and it is the job of human rights law and human rights enforcement to govern that kind of entity, be it through sanctions, education, incentives, or other mechanisms. More specifically, human rights law takes human brains as given. If humans were different kinds of beings, both the mechanisms of getting compliance and possibly the very rules themselves would be different. The purpose of this essay is to very tentatively start to tie together thinking in neuroscience, bioethics, and human rights law to ask whether human rights law should take the nature of human beings, and more specifically, human brains, as given. I sketch the alternative possibility and examine it from a normative and (to a lesser extent) scientific perspective: instead of merely crafting laws and setting up structures that get human beings such as they are to respect human rights, that the human rights approach should also consider embracing attempts to remake human beings (and more specifically human brains) into the kinds of things that are more respectful of human rights law. This is currently science fiction, but there is some scientific evidence that moral enhancement may one day be possible. I call the alternative “moral enhancement to respect human rights law.” To put the aim of the essay in its mildest form it is to answer the following question: if it becomes possible to use enhancement to increase respect for human rights and fidelity to human rights law (whatever you think is constitutive of those categories), and in particular in a way that reduces serious human rights violations, is it worth “looking into?” Or, by contrast, are the immediate objections to such an endeavor so powerful or hard to refute that going in this direction should be forbidden.