bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics and Policy in Achieving Participatory Governance in a Developing Country Context
Authors: Waheduzzaman Wahed , As‐Saber Sharif 
Published: August 2015

In recent years, “participatory governance” has emerged as an important concept within the governance domain. It is a policy that insinuates participation of local citizens to implement locally based propeople development initiatives. International aid agencies have been pursuing this agenda with an aim to provide greater legitimacy to development projects for economic growth in developing countries. In response, the government of Bangladesh has been trying to implement participatory governance policies for aid‐assisted development projects for the last three decades. However, empirical studies reveal that the level of participation of local citizens in development projects has hardly been improved despite such attempts. Relying on six aid‐assisted project‐based case studies, this article explores the reasons of such a failure and has found out that the dysfunctional political system and corruption in Bangladesh have compromised the role of the state in ensuring any meaningful participation of ordinary citizens in local‐level development activities.Related Articles

Crowley, Kate. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 995‐1021. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00208.x/abstract

Mohammed, Abdulai Kuyini. 2013. “” Politics & Policy 41 (): 117‐152. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12003/abstract

Stephan, Mark. 2004. “.” Politics & Policy 32 (): 118‐135. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2004.tb00178.x/abstract
Related Media

Loko, Mico. 2014. A Ladder of Citizen Participation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLLzd9vDyho

. 2011. Growing Participatory and Deliberative Democracy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl85BhsYAcQ
Experience of knowledge and skills that are essential in self‐managing a chronic condition – a focus group study among people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Herre Ann Jorunn , Graue Marit , Kolltveit Beate‐Christin Hope , Gjengedal Eva 
Published: August 2015

AimsThe purpose of the study was to gain new knowledge about how people experience participating in diabetes self‐management courses with other people with type 2 diabetes and how they perceive this influences their health and ability to self‐manage the disease.MethodsWe conducted five focus groups with 22 people with type 2 diabetes who had participated in a group‐based diabetes self‐management course. We systematically coded the data and analysed them using Knodel's method.FindingsParticipants gained more nuanced and specific knowledge by participating in a group setting. They increased their theoretical and practical understanding of how to handle diabetes in everyday life. The diabetes self‐management course made the participants more aware of having a disease they had to take more seriously. Learning by being in the situation while guided by professionals was useful. In addition, the participation learned from each other by carrying out real tasks in a context with others struggling with similar treatment demands. They wished more room to perform practical tasks and more independent activity. Further, they suggested to make parts of the course accessible online. Still, it was noted that web‐based solutions cannot replace the practical parts or the dialogue between the participants. They expressed both a need and a wish for a refresher course.ConclusionThis study underscored that the participants learned through concrete experience, and by trying out practical tasks by becoming part of the diabetes community. They felt safer regarding their own treatment by experiencing a variety of situations in real‐life scenarios.
Acid–base balance disturbances in plasma exchange depend on the replacement fluid used
Authors: Cid Joan , Carbassé Gloria , Gamir Montse , Jiménez María , Arellano‐Rodrigo Eduardo , Lozano Miguel 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDMetabolic alkalosis occurs as a direct result of plasma exchange (PE) because of metabolism of citrate. However, we observed a decrease of serum pH and bicarbonate after PE when albumin was used as replacement fluid.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe acid–base balance in 2730 PEs using different replacement fluids (albumin, fresh‐frozen plasma [FFP], or both) was measured, and absolute changes (Δ) in acid–base balance were compared. The frequency of adverse effects (AEs) before and after using prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate was compared.RESULTSA decrease of serum pH and bicarbonate was observed after PEs when albumin was used as replacement fluid (Δ pH = −0.06 ± 0.04; Δ bicarbonate = −4.03 ± 2.29 mmol/L; Δ base excess = −2.54 ± 3.82 mmol/L). An increase of serum pH and bicarbonate was observed after PEs when FFP was used as replacement fluid (Δ pH = +0.04 ± 0.05; Δ bicarbonate = +3.6 ± 3.68 mmol/L; Δ base excess = +1.62 ± 4.51 mmol/L). The prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate corrected partially the decrease of serum pH and bicarbonate after finishing PEs when albumin was used as replacement fluid (Δ pH = −0.04 ± 0.04; Δ bicarbonate = −3.1 ± 2.47 mmol/L; Δ base excess = −3.35 ± 3.06 mmol/L). The frequency of AEs after using prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate was lower in comparison with the frequency of AEs before using prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate (2.0% vs. 4.8%; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONA decrease of serum pH and bicarbonate appeared in patients after PEs when albumin was used as replacement fluid; it was corrected partially with prophylactic administration of sodium bicarbonate, and it was associated with fewer AEs.
Diagnosis of primary secretory otitis media in the cavalierKingCharles spaniel
Authors: Cole Lynette K. , Samii Valerie F. , Wagner Susan O. , Rajala‐Schultz Päivi J. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundPrimary secretory otitis media (PSOM) is a disease reported in the cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS). The diagnosis ofPSOMhas been made based only on visualization of a bulging tympanic membrane and mucus in the middle ear post‐myringotomy. No additional tests have been evaluated for the diagnosis ofPSOM;CKCSs with early disease may have been missed.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare otoscopy, tympanometry, pneumotoscopy and tympanic bulla ultrasonography, using computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard for the diagnosis ofPSOMin theCKCS.AnimalsSixtyCKCSs with clinical signs suggestive ofPSOM.MethodsOtoscopy,CTscan, tympanic bulla ultrasonography, tympanometry and pneumotoscopy were performed; thoseCKCSs with a soft tissue density in the middle ear identified onCThad a myringotomy and middle ear flush.ResultsForty‐three (72%)CKCSs hadPSOM(30 bilateral, 13 unilateral). A large bulging pars flaccida was identified in only thoseCKCSwithPSOM(specificity of 100%); however, only 21 of 73 ears withPSOMhad a large bulging pars flaccida (sensitivity of 29%). Sensitivity and specificity for tympanometry, pneumotoscopy and tympanic bulla ultrasonography were (84%, 47%), (75%, 79%) and (67%, 47%), respectively.Conclusions and clinical importanceBased on these results a large bulging pars flaccida indicates the presence ofPSOM, whereas a flat pars flaccida may be present inCKCSthat havePSOMas well as those that do not. InCKCSs with a flat pars flaccida none of the above diagnostic tests can be recommended in place ofCTscan for the diagnosis ofPSOM.
EVOLUTIONARY THEODICY, REDEMPTION, AND TIME
Authors: Robson Mark Ian Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOf the many problems which evolutionary theodicy tries to address, the ones of animal suffering and extinction seem especially intractable. In this essay, I show how C. D. Broad's growing block conception of time does much to ameliorate the problems. Additionally, I suggest it leads to another way of understanding the soul. Instead of it being understood as a substance, it is seen as a history—a history which is resurrected in the end times. Correspondingly, redemption, I argue, should not be seen as an event which redeems some future portion of time. God's triumph is over all of history, not just some future temporal portion.
Study on Coupling Optimization Design of Aspirated Compressor Airfoil Based on Two Different Parameterization Methods
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Bo , Yang Xiaodong , Lu Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2015

This paper focuses on creating a new design method optimizing both aspirated compressor airfoil and the aspiration scheme simultaneously. The optimization design method is established on the basis of the improved artificial bee colony algorithm. In the process of optimization design, two different parameterization methods (CLSTD and CST method) are used. A high-load aspirated airfoil is designed to demonstrate the complete process and to verify the effectiveness of the new coupling method.
The results show that the total pressure losses of airfoils obtained using CLSTD, CST and Mix method decrease by 23%, 8% and 33% respectively, and the static pressure ratios of the optimized airfoils have a slight improvement. The improved artificial bee colony algorithm indicates a satisfying applicability in aspirated airfoil optimization design, and without affecting the solution precision, the IABC algorithm has a great advantage over standard ABC algorithm in terms of calculation convergence rate. For the high-load aspirated airfoil, the designed leading edge should avoid large spikes in the pressure distribution, and the maximum Mach number in the leading edge needs to be limited. The design that improves the load in the forepart of the aspirated airfoil appropriately, and controls the boundary layer by aspiration is optimum. Although CLSTD method and CST method both perform well, the Mix method which combines CLSTD method with CST method is the optimal in the process of the high-load aspirated airfoil design.
Performance Influences of Hydrogen Enriched Fuel on Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines in Combined Cycle Power Plants
Authors: Seydel Carl Georg 
Published: August 2015

In order to meet the ambitious reduction targets for future CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption, the extension of renewable power systems is mandatory. One main issue is the fluctuating and unpredictable availability of renewable energy. With a higher portion of renewable energy, a secure electricity supply becomes more challenging. On days with high electricity demand but low availability of renewable energy, fossil back up power plants with high flexibility and efficiency are needed. Most applicable for this requirements are combined cycle power plants, which provide both high flexibility and efficiency. On the other hand potential renewable energy is wasted during days with low electricity demand but high available renewable energy, because electricity cannot be stored yet economically in such vast amounts. In order to use the available renewable energy more efficiently, hydrogen could be produced via electrolysis during phases of surplus available renewable energy. The hydrogen serves as a high density energy storage, which can be used as an alternative fuel in combined cycle power plants for a highly efficient reconversion into electricity if necessary.
In this study it is analyzed how the usage of hydrogen as the burner fuel will influence the performance of combined cycle power plants. Therefore the on- and off-design performance of a state of the art combined cycle power plant will be calculated at different ratios of hydrogen mixtures with natural gas. The thermodynamic calculations are made with the performance software GTlab of the German Aerospace Center. Furthermore the natural gas and CO2 savings for different hydrogen ratios will be quantified.
The results show that the usage of hydrogen enriched fuel increases the combined cycle efficiency and power output. Accordingly a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption is possible.
Influence of Geometrical Parameters on Aerodynamic Optimization of a Mixed-Flow Turbocharger Turbine
Authors: Khairuddin Uswah , Costall Aaron W. , Martinez-Botas Ricardo F. 
Published: August 2015

This paper describes an optimization procedure to modify the geometry of a mixed-flow turbocharger turbine for improved aerodynamic efficiency. The procedure integrates parameterization of the turbine blade geometry, genetic algorithm optimization, and 3D CFD analysis using a commercial solver.
Using a known mixed-flow turbocharger turbine as the baseline, the main features of the blade geometry — the hub, shroud, camberline, leading and trailing edge profiles — were separately adjusted by the genetic algorithm in the direction of better efficiency. Apart from optimizing the subject turbine for the operating point in question, more usefully this permits each geometrical feature to be ranked by their contribution to the change in efficiency. Cases were also run in which the hub and shroud curves were simultaneously adjusted. Analysis of CFD results provides additional insight into the underlying reasons for efficiency changes by examination of the relevant flow field features.
The hub and shroud profiles were observed to have the greatest impact on turbine performance, optimization of which leads to an increase of 1.3 percentage points of efficiency. This compares to only 0.2 percentage points improvement following optimization of the outlet geometry.
Operational Issues With Gas Turbines Intake Air Filters in Watson Cogeneration Facility
Authors: Ingistov Steve 
Published: August 2015

Intake air filtration is crucial in performance and reliability of combustion gas turbine situated in typical industrial environment such as large petrochemical plant, refinery and industrial plant.
The air-born pollutants vary in size and composition and their arrestance is of fundamental value to the life expectancy of the turbine rotating and stationary elements. In addition, the air-born pollutants which pass the intake air filter elements tend to foul the axial compressor blades both stationary and rotating. The result of the particular fouling is the creation of an additional, parasitic load on the gas turbine, driver. A as result the heat rate of a gas turbine will increase and also the production of CO2 will increase too.
Watson Cogeneration Plant is located in a typical industrial environment, very close to the major freeway and to the Pacific Coast. This paper describes field experience accumulated during the last three years of continuous operation under the base load of one of the four gas turbines, GT Unit 92, furnished with advanced, HEPA Class 12 intake air filters. Intake air filters durability which plays more and more decisive role in gas turbine successful operation and maintenance is also discussed.
Validation of a T100 Micro Gas Turbine Steady-State Simulation Tool
Authors: Henke Martin , Klempp Nikolai , Hohloch Martina , Monz Thomas , Aigner Manfred 
Published: August 2015

Micro gas turbines (MGT) provide a highly efficient, low-pollutant way to generate power and heat on-site. MGTs have also proven to be a versatile technology platform for recent developments like utilization of fuels with low specific heating values and solar thermal electricity generation. Moreover, they are the foundation to build novel cycles like the inverted Brayton cycle or fuel cell hybrid power plants.
Numerical simulations of steady operation points are beneficial in various phases of MGT cycle development. They are used to determine and analyze the future potentials of innovative cycles for example by predicting the electrical efficiency and they support the thermodynamic design process (by providing mass flow, pressure and temperature data). Numerical Simulation allows to approximate off-design performance of known cycles e.g. power output at different ambient conditions. Additionally, numerical simulation is used to support cycle optimization efforts by analyzing the sensitivity of component performance on cycle performance. Numerical models of the MGT components have to be tuned and validated based on experimental data from MGT test rigs.
At DLR institute of combustion technology a MGT steady-state cycle simulation tool has been used to analyze a variety of cycles and has been revised for several years. In this paper, the validation process is discussed in detail. Comparing simulation data with measurement data from the DLR Turbec T100 test rig has led to extensions of the numeric models, on the one hand, and to modifications of the test rig on the other. Newly implemented numerical models account for the generator heat release to the inlet air and the power electronic limitations. The test rig was modified to improve the temperature measurement at positions with uneven spatial temperature distribution such as the turbine outlet. Analyzing these temperature distributions also yields a possible explanation for the apparent strong recuperator efficiency drop at high load levels, which was also observed by other T100 users before.
Towards Unsteady Simulation of Combustor-Turbine Interaction Using an Integrated Approach
Authors: Raynaud Félix , Eggels Ruud L. G. M. , Staufer Max , Sadiki Amsini , Janicka Johannes 
Published: August 2015

In this paper a CFD solver with the ability of dealing with both reacting and compressible flows is developed, so that an integrated simulation of the whole system “combustor and turbine” can be performed. To its validation, the combustor-turbine interaction in a jet engine consisting of a Rolls-Royce combustor together with the first high-pressure turbine stage NGV (Nozzle-Guide-Vane) is studied. The unstructured CFD solver follows a pressure-based approach, using a PISO algorithm (Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operator) recently extended for compressible flows. In order to allow acoustic waves to leave the computational domain, nonreflecting boundary conditions based on the NSCBC method (Navier-Stokes Characteristic Boundary Conditions) have been implemented. The numerical methods have been coupled with the Flamelet Generated Manifold combustion model (FGM) extended for compressible flows.
After successfully verifying the NSCBC implementation, various numerical results describing the combustor-turbine interactions of the jet engine are analyzed and discussed in terms of temperature and total pressure fields with and without NGV. It could be shown that the influence of the NGV on the combustor flow is relatively limited. Differences in the combustor flow field are mainly due to spatial and temporal averaging used for the simulation without NGV to calculate the pressure field at combustor outlet.
These numerical results demonstrate the ability of the developed numerical model in its steady computation mode to well capture the evolving flow properties in both combustor and turbine components.
Fully Coupled Through-Flow Method for Industrial Gas Turbine Analysis
Authors: Petrovic Milan V. , Wiedermann Alexander 
Published: August 2015

A fully coupled method for calculation of the entire flow in single- and twin-shaft industrial gas turbines is described. It is based on individual through-flow methods for axial compressors and air-cooled gas turbines developed by the authors that are coupled using simple combustion and cooling flow models connecting compressor and turbine flow paths. The through-flow computation for the analysis of cooled axial multistage turbines is fed by air from the compressor bleeds, which are part of the through-flow model of the compressor. The through-flow methods are based on a stream function approach and a finite element solution procedure. They include high-fidelity loss and deviation models with improved correlations. Advanced radial mixing and endwall boundary layer models are applied to simulate 3D flow effects. For air-cooled turbine analysis, various types of cooling air injection were adopted: film cooling, trailing edge injection and disc/endwall coolant flow. Compressor and turbine flow path computations were extensively validated individually and previously published by the authors.
The coupled method was applied to operation analysis and performance prediction of a newly developed industrial gas turbine in single- and twin-shaft configurations. In the latter case, the matching point of the compressor and high-pressure turbine has to be determined iteratively as a function of the compressor speed line, firing temperature, cooling and bleed-off characteristics, which may be important for strong part-load behavior. This process is explained in the paper.
Predicted gas turbine operation points are compared with experimental test data. It is demonstrated that the new method presented is an essential tool for overall gas turbine design and matching of the gas turbine components based on test rig experience. In addition, it is useful for diagnosis and supports the root-cause analysis of misbehaving field engines.
Gas Turbine Exhaust Temperature Measurement Approach Using Time-Frequency Controlled Sources
Authors: DeSilva Upul , Bunce Richard H. , Schmitt Joshua M. , Claussen Heiko 
Published: August 2015

Siemens has developed a novel approach for measuring the process gas temperature leaving the power turbine in their heavy industrial gas turbine engines using active acoustic tomography. Siemens has deployed this measurement technique on two test engines of different power ranges and different combustion and exhaust duct configurations. These engine tests have demonstrated that this technology is effective and robust. All working parts are outside the heat effective zone so, unlike the traditional intrusive point temperature measurement method, sensors are easily replaceable during engine operation.
Bulk exhaust temperature is used in performance testing of industrial gas turbine engines and is a critical measurement for power production. Temperature distribution information in the exhaust plane is valuable for safe engine operation and can be used to prevent lifetime reduction due to hotspots or to monitor the burner flames.
Siemens used broadband sound sources for the previously reported acoustic pyrometer experiments. This paper extends this work utilizing sparse time-frequency encoded sources to improve the robustness of time of flight estimation in the high noise area of the turbine exhaust. The goal is to achieve a higher signal to noise ratio between the emitted and received signals by focusing the acoustic energy into narrow time-frequency bins that are little affected by turbine noise. Different acoustic patterns are tested and compared to the previously used broadband source both in laboratory experiments and a turbine test bed. The patterns are evaluated regarding their noise robustness, sound pressure levels and narrow autocorrelation which are important for accurate time of flight estimation in high noise environments.