bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Expression Pattern of Neuropeptide Y Immunoreactivity in the Peripheral Nervous System in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Magnussen Claire , Hung Shih-Ping , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo 
Published: May 2015

Background Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in the modulation of pain. Under normal conditions, NPY is found in interneurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and in sympathetic postganglionic neurons but is absent from the cell bodies of sensory neurons. Following peripheral nerve injury NPY is dramatically upregulated in the sensory ganglia. How NPY expression is altered in the peripheral nervous system, distal to a site of nerve lesion, remains unknown. To address this question, NPY expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry at the level of the trigeminal ganglion, the mental nerve and in the skin of the lower lip in relation to markers of sensory and sympathetic fibers in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Results At 2 and 6 weeks after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the mental nerve, de novo expression of NPY was seen in the trigeminal ganglia, in axons in the mental nerve, and in fibers in the upper dermis of the skin. In lesioned animals, NPY immunoreactivity was expressed primarily by large diameter mental nerve sensory neurons retrogradely labelled with Fluorogold. Many axons transported this de novo NPY to the periphery as NPY-immunoreactive (IR) fibers were seen in the mental nerve both proximal and distal to the CCI. Some of these NPY-IR axons co-expressed Neurofilament 200 (NF200), a marker for myelinated sensory fibers, and occasionally colocalization was seen in their terminals in the skin. Peptidergic and non-peptidergic C fibers expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or binding isolectin B4 (IB4), respectively, never expressed NPY. CCI caused a significant de novo sprouting of sympathetic fibers into the upper dermis of the skin, and most, but not all of these fibers, expressed NPY. Conclusions This is the first study to provide a comprehensive description of changes in NPY expression in the periphery after nerve injury. Novel expression of NPY in the skin comes mostly from sprouted sympathetic fibers. This information is fundamental in order to understand where endogenous NPY is expressed, and how it might be acting to modulate pain in the periphery.
Designs of Functional π-Electron Materials based on the Characteristic Features of Boron
Authors: Wakamiya Atsushi , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Boron, a group 13 element, has several characteristic structural and electronic features: 1) trivalent boron compounds usually adopt a trigonal planar geometry; 2) due to the presence of a vacant p-orbital, effective orbital interaction with π-conjugated compounds is possible; 3) the presence of a vacant p-orbital is furthermore responsible for high Lewis acidity; 4) the boryl group acts as a π-electron-accepting group particularly in the excited state. The consequent exploitation of these characteristic features of boron in the molecular design enables us to produce sophisticated π-functional materials with attractive photophysical and electronic properties. This account article illustrates our systematic studies on the molecular design and the development of functional π-electron materials using boron as a key element.
Dynamics of Ebola epidemics in West Africa 2014
Authors: Evans Robin J. , Mammadov Musa 
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the dynamics of Ebola virus transmission in West Africa during 2014. The reproduction numbers for the total period of epidemic and for different consequent time intervals are estimated based on a simple linear model. It contains one major parameter - the average infectious period that defines the dynamics of epidemics.Numerical implementations are carried out on data collected from three countries Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia as well as the total data collected worldwide. Predictions are provided by considering different scenarios involving the average times of infectiousness for the next few months and the end of the current epidemic is estimated according to each scenario.
Endocrine Therapy and Its Effect on Sexual Function
Authors: Goldfarb Shari 
Published: May 2015

KEY POINTSBreast cancer and its treatment, especially endocrine therapy, can cause sexual dysfunction, which is often multifactorial in nature with both a physical and mental component.Clinicians should discuss sexual health with all women with breast cancer and survivors of the disease.Women with breast cancer often experience premature menopause, which causes greater intensity and duration of symptoms than women undergoing natural menopause.Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, urogenital atrophy, dyspareunia, decreased libido, and changes in sexual response have been shown to negatively affect quality of life, compliance with medication, and overall outcome.Treatment options for sexual dysfunction in women with breast cancer depend on the etiology of the problem and concomitant medical conditions. Some possible treatments include: lubricants, moisturizers, counseling, sex therapy, altering contributing medications, physical therapy for pelvic floor disorders, and mechanical devices/vibrators.
The impact of anthropogenic factors on the natural values of the water reservoirs in Sosnowiec (Poland)
Authors: Dąbrowska Dominika , Sołtysiak Marek 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Many plant and animal species are closely related to the aquatic environment. Small reservoirs are a place of the biodiversity concentration. Reservoirs are especially important for amphibian species as a place of feeding, shelter and wintering. Many anthropogenic factors has a significant impact on the natural values of water reservoirs (surroundings of the water reservoirs, the shore`s type, distance from roads and buildings, the role of the object and the chemical status). They can eliminate or change amphibian population. The effect of three such factors was determined for one of the cities in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration - Sosnowiec (91 km2). The paper presents an assessment of the impact of the type of surroundings, the percentage share of the open space around water reservoirs and the distance from roads and buildings on the number of amphibian species present in the reservoir. In the analysis were taken into account 20 reservoirs, in which amphibian species were found. This analysis indicates the influence urban factors on the number of amphibian species in water reservoirs based on positive correlations in the case of Spearman Rank correlation and the Fisher’s exact test. Results of these calculations highlight the negative impact of the anthropopressure (the changes in the environment) on the amphibian breeding places and the biodiversity.
The Social Web and Archaeology’s Restructuring: Impact, Exploitation, Disciplinary Change
Authors: Perry Sara , Beale Nicole 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrom blogs to crowdfunding, YouTube to LinkedIn, online photo-sharing sites to open-source
community-based software projects, the social web has been a meaningful player in the development of
archaeological practice for two decades now. Yet despite its myriad applications, it is still often appreciated
as little more than a tool for communication, rather than a paradigm-shifting system that also shapes the
questions we ask in our research, the nature and spread of our data, and the state of skill and expertise in the
profession. We see this failure to critically engage with its dimensions as one of the most profound challenges
confronting archaeology today. The social web is bound up in relations of power, control, freedom, labour
and exploitation, with consequences that portend real instability for the cultural sector and for social welfare
overall. Only a handful of archaeologists, however, are seriously debating these matters, which suggests
the discipline is setting itself up to be swept away by our unreflective investment in the cognitive capitalist
enterprise that marks much current web-based work. Here we review the state of play of the archaeological
social web, and reflect on various conscientious activities aimed both at challenging practitioners’ current
online interactions, and at otherwise situating the discipline as a more informed innovator with the social
web’s possibilities.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Residential Altitude
Authors: Katz David , Shore Supriya , Bandle Brian , Niermeyer Susan , Bol Kirk A. , Khanna Amber 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND:
Theories of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) suggest hypoxia is a common pathway. Infants living at altitude have evidence of hypoxia; however, the association between SIDS incidence and infant residential altitude has not been well studied.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study by using data from the Colorado birth and death registries from 2007 to 2012. Infant residential altitude was determined by geocoding maternal residential address. Logistic regression was used to determine adjusted association between residential altitude and SIDS. We evaluated the impact of the Back to Sleep campaign across various altitudes in an extended cohort from 1990 to 2012 to assess for interaction between sleep position and altitude.

RESULTS:
A total of 393 216 infants born between 2007 and 2012 were included in the primary cohort (51.4% boys; mean birth weight 3194 ± 558 g). Overall, 79.6% infants resided at altitude &lt;6000 feet, 18.5% at 6000 to 8000 feet, and 1.9% at &gt;8000 feet. There were no meaningful differences in maternal characteristics across altitude groups. Compared with residence &lt;6000 feet, residence at high altitude (&gt;8000 feet), was associated with an adjusted increased risk of SIDS (odds ratio 2.30; 95% confidence interval 1.01–5.24). Before the Back to Sleep campaign, the incidence of SIDS in Colorado was 1.99/1000 live births and dropped to 0.57/1000 live births after its implementation. The Back to Sleep campaign had similar effect across different altitudes (P = .45).

CONCLUSIONS:
Residence at high altitude was significantly associated with an increased adjusted risk for SIDS. Impact of the Back to Sleep campaign was similar across various altitudes.
Trends of US Hospitals Distributing Infant Formula Packs to Breastfeeding Mothers, 2007 to 2013
Authors: Nelson Jennifer M. , Li Ruowei , Perrine Cria G. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To examine trends in the prevalence of hospitals and birth centers (hereafter, hospitals) distributing infant formula discharge packs to breastfeeding mothers in the United States from 2007 to 2013.

METHODS:
The Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care survey is administered every 2 years to all hospitals with registered maternity beds in the United States. A Web- or paper-based questionnaire was distributed and completed by the people most knowledgeable about breastfeeding-related hospital practices. We examined the distribution of infant formula discharge packs to breastfeeding mothers from 2007 to 2013 by state and hospital characteristics.

RESULTS:
The percentage of hospitals distributing infant formula discharge packs to breastfeeding mothers was 72.6% in 2007 and 31.6% in 2013, a decrease of 41 percentage points. In 2007, there was only 1 state (Rhode Island) in which &lt;25% of hospitals distributed infant formula discharge packs to breastfeeding mothers, whereas in 2013 there were 24 such states and territories. Distribution declined across all hospital characteristics examined, including facility type, teaching versus nonteaching, and size (annual number of births).

CONCLUSIONS:
The distribution of infant formula discharge packs to breastfeeding mothers declined markedly from 2007 to 2013. Discontinuing the practice of distributing infant formula discharge packs is a part of optimal, evidence-based maternity care to support mothers who want to breastfeed.
First records of Casiornis rufus (Vieillot, 1816) (Aves, Tyrannidae) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil
Authors: Vizentin-Bugoni Jeferson , Bellagamba-Oliveira Danielle , Bellagamba Gina , Oliveira Ricardo Oliveira de , Jacobs Fernando , Ritter Rafael , Dias Rafael Antunes 
Published: May 2015

The Rufous Casiornis, Casiornis rufus (Vielliot, 1916), is widespread in central South America, reaching its southernmost distribution in northern Argentina and Uruguay. Here we present the first nine records of the species for Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. The records were documented with photographs and consisted mostly of lone individuals observed in riparian forests inserted in a matrix of grasslands and rice fields. The Rufous Casiornis apparently occurs in very low densities in the region. More observations are needed to elucidate its status of occurrence in Rio Grande do Sul.
Atomic Layer Deposited Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Aluminates as Potential Low-k Dielectric Materials
Authors: Klepper Karina B. , Miikkulainen Ville , Nilsen Ola , Fjellvåg Helmer , Liu Ming , Dutta Dhanadeep , Gidley David , Lanford William , Ross Liza , Li Han , King Sean W. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe material properties of atomic layer deposited hybrid organic-inorganic aluminate thin films have been evaluated for potential low dielectric constant (i.e. low-k) applications. The hybrid aluminates were deposited using trimethyl aluminum and various linear and aromatic carboxylic acids. The observed electrical and mechanical properties for the hybrid aluminate films varied greatly depending on the selected organic acid with k values ranging from 2.5 to 5.1 and Young’s modulus ranging from 6 to 40 GPa. Leakage currents as low as 4 x 10-10 A/cm2 (at 2 MV/cm) were obtained for films grown using saturated linear carboxylic acids. These results suggest the potential of ALD hybrid aluminate thin films for low-k dielectric applications.
Estimating the angle of inclination of the Earth's rotational axis: a potentially meaningful practical activity for astronomy education
Authors: Oliveira Elisa Danda de , Zolet Letícia , Giovannini Junior Odilon 
Published: May 2015

This article describes a practical activity to estimate the angle of inclination of the Earth's rotation axis as a teaching resource with potential to promote the meaningful learning on topics related to astronomy and Earth science. Some topics of interest for carrying out the activity as the apparent movement of the sun, the angle of incidence of sunlight throughout the year and the seasons are discussed. The procedures and materials used in measuring the length of the shadow of a gnomon, the collected data, and the estimating of the angle of inclination of the rotation axis are presented. The article ends with a reflection on the implementation of this activity in elementary and high school level. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v3iss1p36
Short‐ and long‐term efficacy of forest thinning to mitigate drought impacts in mountain forests in the European Alps
Authors: Elkin Ché , Giuggiola Arnaud , Rigling Andreas , Bugmann Harald 
Published: May 2015

In many regions of the world, drought is projected to increase under climate change, with potential negative consequences for forests and their ecosystem services (ES). Forest thinning has been proposed as a method for at least temporarily mitigating drought impacts, but its general applicability and longer‐term impacts are unclear. We use a process‐based forest model to upscale experimental data for evaluating the impacts of forest thinning in a drought‐susceptible valley in the interior of the European Alps, with the specific aim of assessing (1) when and where thinning may be most effective and (2) the longer‐term implications for forest dynamics.Simulations indicate that forests will be impacted by climate‐induced increases in drought across a broad elevation range. At lower elevations, where drought is currently prevalent, thinning is projected to temporarily reduce tree mortality, but to have minor impacts on forest dynamics in the longer term. Thinning may be particularly useful at intermediate and higher elevations as a means of temporarily reducing mortality in drought‐sensitive species such as Norway spruce and larch, which currently dominate these elevations. However, in the longer term, even intense thinning will likely not be sufficient to prevent a climate change induced dieback of these species, which is projected to occur under even moderate climate change. Thinning is also projected to have the largest impact on long‐term forest dynamics at intermediate elevations, with the magnitude of the impact depending on the timing and intensity of thinning. More intense thinning that is done later is projected to more strongly promote a transition to more drought‐tolerant species.We conclude that thinning is a viable option for temporarily reducing the negative drought impacts on forests, but that efficient implementation of thinning should be contingent on a site‐specific evaluation of the near term risk of significant drought, and how thinning will impact the rate and direction of climate driven forest conversion.
Correction of spectral radiance of optical satellite image for mountainous terrain for studying land surface cover changes
Authors: Ke Luong Chinh , Tuong Tran Ngoc , Van Hung Nguyen 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative results of high terrain elevation effect on spectral radiance of optical satellite image which affect the accuracy in retrieving of land surface cover changes is given. The paper includes two main parts: correction model of spectral radiance of satellite image affected by high terrain elevation and assessment of impacts and variation of land cover changes before and after correcting influence of high terrain elevation to the spectral radiance of the image. Study has been carried out with SPOT 5 in Hoa Binh mountain area of two periods: 2007 and 2010. Results showed that appropriate correction model is the Meyer’s one. The impacts of correction spectral radiance to 7 classes of classified images fluctuate from 15% to 400%. The varying changes before and after correction of image radiation fluctuate over 7 classes from 5% to 100%.
Empirical tests of performance of some M – estimators
Authors: Banaś Marek , Ligas Marcin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents an empirical comparison of performance of three well known M - estimators (i.e. Huber, Tukey and Hampel’s M - estimators) and also some new ones. The new M - estimators were motivated by weighting functions applied in orthogonal polynomials theory, kernel density estimation as well as one derived from Wigner semicircle probability distribution. M - estimators were used to detect outlying observations in contaminated datasets. Calculations were performed using iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS). Since the residual variance (used in covariance matrices construction) is not a robust measure of scale the tests employed also robust measures i.e. interquartile range and normalized median absolute deviation. The methods were tested on a simple leveling network in a large number of variants showing bad and good sides of M - estimation. The new M - estimators have been equipped with theoretical tuning constants to obtain 95% efficiency with respect to the standard normal distribution. The need for data - dependent tuning constants rather than those established theoretically is also pointed out.
Littorella Uniflora (L.) Ascherson: A Review
Authors: Kolář Jan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Littorella uniflora (L.) Ascherson, a member of Plantaginaceae family, belongs to a group of isoetids - small, slow-growing, evergreen aquatic plants. They are characterized by strong and stiff basal leaves and a large amount of root biomass. Oligotrophic and mesotrophic freshwaters are typical habitats for this plant. L. uniflora is a boreal subatlantic European species. It is spread over whole western and northern Europe including the United Kingdom and Ireland. Austria, Czech Republic, and Poland lie on the southeast border of L. uniflora distribution. In the Czech Republic, as well as in the Netherlands or Ireland, the number of suitable habitats is rapidly decreasing. Therefore it is important to understand the needs of this macrophyte in order to propose quality rescue management to restore its population. This paper gives brief information about biology and ecological adaptations of L. uniflora. It also focuses on threats, distribution, and management at some of its current localities in the Czech Republic.
Fungal sinusitis clinical presentation, latest management: A Review Update
Authors: Bhowmik Bithi 
Published: May 2015

Fungal sinusitis is a relatively common, often misdiagnosed disease process involving the paranasal sinuses. It is a serious condition, as certain forms of fungal sinusitis are associated with a high rate of mortality. Successful treatment requires a prompt diagnosis and frequently relies on radiologic imaging, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The classification of fungal sinusitis is ever changing, but under the most current and widely accepted classification fungal sinusitis is broadly categorized as either invasive or noninvasive. Invasive fungal sinusitis is defined by the presence of fungal hyphae within the mucosa, submucosa, bone, or blood vessels of the paranasal sinuses. Invasive fungal sinusitis is subdivided into acute invasive fungal sinusitis, chronic invasive fungal sinusitis, and chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis. Conversely, noninvasive fungal sinusitis is defined by the absence of hyphae within the mucosal and other tissues of the paranasal sinuses. Noninvasive fungal sinusitis is subdivided into allergic fungal sinusitis and fungus ball (fungal mycetoma).Journal of Science Foundation, 2014;12(1):16-19
Image Quality Comparison of Two Multifocal IOLs: Influence of the Pupil
Authors: García-Domene Mari Carmen , Felipe Adelina , Peris-Martínez Cristina , Navea Amparo , Artigas Jose M. , Pons Álvaro M. 
Published: May 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effect of pupil size on image quality of a sectorial multifocal intraocular lens (IOL), the Lentis Mplus (Oculentis GmbH, Berlin, Germany), and the Acri.LISA IOL (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

METHODS:
The authors measured the MTFs of the Lentis Mplus LS-312 IOL and the Acri.LISA 366D IOL with three different sizes of pupil diameters: 3, 4, and 5 mm. The MTF was calculated from the cross-line spread function recorded with the OPAL Vector System (Image Science Ltd., Oxford, UK) by using fast Fourier-transform techniques.

RESULTS:
In distance focus, the image quality provided by the Lentis Mplus IOL was better than that of the Acri. LISA IOL with all pupil diameters. In near focus, the MTF of the Acri.LISA IOL was better with a 3-mm pupil, but poor with larger pupils. The aberration effect was equal in both IOLs in distance focus, but in near focus and with a 3-mm pupil, the Acri.LISA IOL was less affected by the aberration than the Lentis Mplus IOL.

CONCLUSION:
The Lentis Mplus IOL provides better distance image quality than the Acri.LISA IOL, whereas the near image quality of the Acri.LISA IOL is better with small-pupil diameter. The sectorial design makes this IOL more suitable for patients with a pupil diameter greater than 3 mm.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(4):230–235.]