bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of drone‐based surface flow observations
Authors: Tauro Flavia , Petroselli Andrea , Arcangeletti Ettore 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRemote surface flow observations are crucial for improving the comprehension of hydrological phenomena. A recent advancement in remote hydrological measurements involves the use of drones for generating surface flow‐velocity field maps through large‐scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV). In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of drone‐based LSPIV with fixed implementations. Quantitative indices are introduced to test the efficiency of the techniques with regards to measurement accuracy, sensitivity to the transit of tracers, and platform mobility. Experimental findings support drone‐based observations in outdoor settings. Specifically, measurements from the aerial platform are more sensitive to the transit of tracers and closer to benchmark values than traditional LSPIV implementations. Future work should aim at improving the stability of the aerial platform and mitigating the effects of tracer scarcity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of climate change on floodplain inundation and hydrological connectivity between wetlands and rivers in a tropical river catchment
Authors: Karim Fazlul , Petheram Cuan , Marvanek Steve , Ticehurst Catherine , Wallace Jim , Hasan Masud 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSurface water connectivity between waterbodies in a river–floodplain system is considered one of the key determinants of habitat quality, biodiversity and ecological integrity. This manuscript presents results from an investigation into the potential changes in floodplain inundation and connectivity between wetlands and rivers under projected future climates, in a large river catchment in Western Australia. The study was conducted using a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (MIKE 21), and the modelling domain included the floodplain reaches encompassing the ecologically important wetlands. A lumped rainfall–runoff model (SIMHYD) was used to estimate local runoff and inflows from ungauged catchments. A SRTM derived 30‐m elevation data was used to parameterize land topography and stream networks in the hydrodynamic model. Hydraulic roughness parameters were estimated using a land cover map, which was developed using a combination of aerial photography, topographic maps and Google Earth imagery. The hydrodynamic model was calibrated using stream gauge data and flood inundation maps derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer imagery. Model simulated stage heights were combined with land topography to identify floodplain pathways that connect wetlands with rivers.The connectivity of 30 off‐stream wetlands was evaluated under present and future climates. The duration of connection of the individual wetlands to the main river channel varied from 1 to 40 days depending on flood magnitude and duration. Topographic relief, location on the floodplain and magnitude and duration of the flood were found to be key factors governing the level of connectivity, and the relationship between return period of flood and inundated area was found to be non‐linear. Modelling under a drier future climate indicated that the duration of connectivity of wetlands could be up to 20% less than under the current climate, whilst under a wetter climate the connectivity could be 5% longer. The results of this study provide potential use for future studies on movement and recruitment patterns of aquatic biota, wetland habitat characteristics and water quality and wetland biodiversity assessment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerometer‐determined physical activity, muscle mass, and leg strength in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Foong Yi Chao , Chherawala Nabil , Aitken Dawn , Scott David , Winzenberg Tania , Jones Graeme 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to describe the relationship between accelerometer‐determined physical activity (PA), muscle mass, and lower‐limb strength in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsSix hundred thirty‐six community‐dwelling older adults (66 ± 7 years) were studied. Muscle mass was measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, whilst lower limb strength was measured via dynamometry. We measured minutes/day spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity using Actigraph GT1M accelerometers.ResultsParticipants spent a median of 583(Interquartile ratio (IQR) 522–646), 225(176–271), 27(12–45) and 0(0–0) min in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity, respectively. PA intensity was positively associated with both lean mass percentage and lower limb strength in a dose–response fashion. Sedentary activity was negatively associated with lean mass percentage, but not lower‐limb strength. There was a positive association between PA and appendicular lean mass in men only. There was an interaction between age and activity; as age increased, the magnitude of the association of PA with lean mass percentage decreased. Those who adhered to the Australian Department of Health PA guidelines (moderate/vigorous PA >/=150 min/week) had greater lean mass percentage, appendicular lean mass, and lower limb strength.ConclusionsUsing accelerometer technology, both the amount and intensity of accelerometer‐determined PA had an independent, dose–response relationship with lean mass percentage and lower limb strength, with the largest effect for vigorous activity. Time spent in sedentary activity was negatively associated with lean mass percentage, but was not associated with lower limb strength. The magnitude of the association between PA and lean mass percentage decreased with age, suggesting that PA programmes may need to be modified with increasing age.
Collagen‐containing scaffolds enhance attachment and proliferation of non‐cultured bone marrow multipotential stromal cells
Authors: El‐Jawhari Jehan J. , Sanjurjo‐Rodríguez Clara , Jones Elena , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTLarge bone defects are ideally treated with autografts, which have many limitations. Therefore, osteoconductive scaffolds loaded with autologous bone marrow (BM) aspirate are increasingly used as alternatives. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth of multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) from unprocessed BM on a collagen‐containing bovine bone scaffold (Orthoss® Collagen) with a non‐collagen‐containing bovine bone scaffold, Orthoss®. Another collagen‐containing synthetic scaffold, Vitoss® was included in the comparison. Colonization of scaffolds by BM MSCs (n = 23 donors) was evaluated using microscopy, colony forming unit‐fibroblast assay and flow‐cytometry. The number of BM MSCs initially attached to Orthoss® Collagen and Vitoss® was similar but greater than Orthoss® (p = 0.001 and p = 0.041, respectively). Furthermore, the number of MSCs released from Orthoss® Collagen and Vitoss® after 2‐week culture was also higher compared to Orthoss® (p = 0.010 and p = 0.023, respectively). Interestingly, collagen‐containing scaffolds accommodated larger numbers of lymphocytic and myelomonocytic cells. Additionally, the proliferation of culture‐expanded MSCs on Orthoss® collagen and Vitoss® was greater compared to Orthoss® (p = 0.047 and p = 0.004, respectively). Collectively, collagen‐containing scaffolds were superior in supporting the attachment and proliferation of MSCs when they were loaded with unprocessed BM aspirates. This highlights the benefit of collagen incorporation into bone scaffolds for use with autologous bone marrow aspirates as autograft substitutes. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 34:597–606, 2016.
Botulinum toxin treatment of false vocal folds in adductor spasmodic dysphonia: Functional outcomes
Authors: Simpson C. Blake , Lee Christopher T. , Hatcher Jeanne L. , Michalek Joel 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisSupraglottic injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) has been described as an effective treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD). Anecdotal evidence suggests that the patients have little to no breathiness after injection, but no formal longitudinal studies have been carried out to date. The purpose of this study was to examine the voice outcomes in patients with ADSD after supraglottic Botox injection.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsPatients with ADSD who were treated with supraglottic Botox injections completed a qualitative self‐evaluation of voice function after injection using the percentage of normal function (PNF) scale, a validated, quantitative scale from 0% (no function) to 100% (normal function). Posttreatment voice improvement after injection was determined using a Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) questionnaire.ResultsA total of 198 supraglottic injections were performed between July 2011 and October 2014. Twenty‐five questionnaires were completed. Mean postinjection PNF was 95.0% ± 8.4% and was significantly increased from the preinjection mean PNF (62.5%) ± 22.6% (P < 0.001). The mean best VHI‐10 for all injections was 7.23. In 19 of 25 patients (76%), there was no reduction in PNF in the early postinjection period. In the remaining six patients (24%), the decline in mean vocal function was 9.2%.ConclusionsSupraglottic Botox injection is an effective treatment for ADSD. Postinjection voice is significantly improved, and the majority of patients do not experience breathy voice/decline in vocal function after injection.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:118–121, 2016
Safety and effectiveness of the Vibrant Soundbridge in treating conductive and mixed hearing loss: A systematic review
Authors: Ernst Arne , Todt Ingo , Wagner Jan 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisFor many years, the therapeutic approach for conductive and/or mixed hearing loss has consisted of middle ear surgery with replacement of defect ossicles, and if possible the application of a hearing aid. Advances in technology have led to the introduction of electronmagnetic active implantable devices such as the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB). With its various coupling techniques for different pathophysiological situations in the middle ear, the VSB offers greater improvement in the hearing performance of affected persons.Data SourcePubMed, OvidSP (MEDLINE), EMBASE (DIMDI), the National Institue for Health research (NIHR) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (including the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Health Technology Assessment), and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify articles published between January 2006 and April 2014 that evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the VSB in comparison to no intervention, bone conduction hearing implants (BCHI), and middle ear surgery plus hearing aids for adults and children with conductive or mixed hearing loss.MethodsStudy selection and data extraction was carried out by multiple reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine levels of evidence (2011); and a checklist available from the Evidence Analysis Library, Academy of Nutrition and Diabetics.ResultsThirty‐six publications were identified: 19 on VSB outcomes in 294 individuals, 13 on BCHI outcomes in 666 individuals, and four on middle ear surgery plus hearing aid outcomes in 43 individuals. Two systematic reviews were also identified. Heterogeneous outcome measures made it difficult to summarize data. In general, the VSB proved to be safe and effective when compared to no intervention and BCHI, and provided more and consistent hearing gain compared to middle ear surgery plus conventional hearing aids.ConclusionAs demonstrated in the literature, the VSB as an active device offers an effective alternative for patients with various middle ear pathologies, particularly with mixed hearing loss and failed previous tympanoplasties when classical ossiculoplasty could not provide enough functional gain. This new strategy in hearing rehabilitation has led to an improved quality of hearing and life. Laryngoscope, 126:1451–1457, 2016
D–π–A–π–A Strategy to Design Benzothiadiazole–carbazole‐based Conjugated Polymer with High Solar Cell Voltage and Enhanced Photocurrent
Authors: Zhou Manxi , Wang Min , Zhu Lei , Yang Zhenqing , Jiang Chao , Cao Dapeng , Li Qifang 
Published: October 2015

The theoretical calculations are used to find that D–π–A–π–A style conjugated polymer PC‐TBTBT is more efficient for solar cells application than the D–π–A analog PC‐TBT because the D–π–A–π–A structure has a narrower band gap and higher molar absorption coefficient and redshift spectrum. Motivated by the theoretical prediction, 5,6‐bis(octyloxy)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole and 2,7‐carbazole are adopted to synthesize the D–π–A–π–A style PC‐TBTBT (Mw = 31.1 kDa) and D–π–A analog PC‐TBT (Mw = 87.5 kDa) by Suzuki coupling reaction. Experimental results confirm that D–π–A–π–A PC‐TBTBT‐based solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.74% with high VOC of 0.99 V and enhanced JSC of 9.70 mA cm−2. The PCE and JSC achieve improvements of 17% and 26%, respectively, compared to the D–π–A PC‐TBT‐based solar cell.
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Mathematical Modeling of Multiple Crystallization Elution Fractionation (m‐CEF) of Polyethylene and Ethylene/1‐Olefin Copolymer
Authors: Buncharoen Pattawut , Anantawaraskul Siripon , Chokputtanawuttilerd Nuttawat 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMultiple crystallization elution fractionation (m‐CEF) is a new approach for operating CEF using multiple cooling/heating cycles to enhance physical separation of polymers with different chain crystallizabilities. In this work, an m‐CEF model was developed based on the concept of population balance with crystallization and dissolution kinetics. The model was found to describe the previously reported trend of experimental m‐CEF profiles well. Effect of m‐CEF operating cycles and column length was also examined.
High Temperature Thermal Gradient Interaction Chromatography (HT‐TGIC) of Ethylene/1‐Octene Copolymers: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Inwong Nantiya , Anantawaraskul Siripon , Soares João B. P. , Al‐ Khazaal Abdulaal Z. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryHigh temperature thermal gradient interaction chromatography (HT‐TGIC) is a new polymer characterization technique developed to characterize the chemical composition distribution (CCD) of ethylene/1‐olefin copolymers based on interactions between polymer chains and the graphitic surface. In this work, a mathematical model was developed to describe HT‐TGIC fractionation using population balances and a non‐equilibrium, multi‐stage adsorption/desorption model. The proposed model was validated with HT‐TGIC experimental profiles of ethylene/1‐octene copolymers with various comonomer contents. Good agreement between experiments and model results was observed.
Analysis of Propylene‐1‐Butene Copolymer Composition by GPC with Online Detectors
Authors: Honghong Huang , Meifang Guo , Juan Li , Ortín Alberto , Yau Wallace W. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe use of High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography (HT‐GPC) with online infrared (IR) detector to analyze copolymer composition of propylene‐1‐butene (P‐B) copolymer is investigated in this study. This technique is based on the measurement of the methyl to methylene ratio by an online infrared detector. This measurement is made possible by the highly discriminating power of a modern multiple band filter‐based IR detector (IR5 MCT) to detect the P–B copolymer chemical structure. Also discussed is an alternative method, based on the application of the triple‐detector GPC (GPC with IR, viscometer and light scattering coupled detectors) approach and Mark–Houwink plot.
Separation of Ethylene‐Propylene Copolymers by Crystallization and Adsorption Mechanisms. A Journey Inside the Analytical Techniques
Authors: Monrabal Benjamin 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe separation of polyolefin copolymers in terms of composition has been typically performed by crystallization techniques. In the last years, a new liquid chromatography approach has become available that extends the range of composition analysis applicable towards higher comonomer content. Every technique has its capabilities and limitations, and the use of multiple hyphenated techniques is often required to provide unequivocal results for characterizing the microstructure of complex copolymers like high impact polypropylene. A good understanding of the individual separation mechanisms is essential to interpreting the obtained results properly, and this becomes a challenging task when dealing with ethylene‐propylene copolymers or homopolymer blends. The separation of these resins by the existing techniques is discussed. The role of solvent and the adsorbent in the separation mechanisms is investigated and a comparison of crystallization and liquid adsorption chromatography with various types of adsorbents is presented.
Determining the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) behavior of citrate and spermine under in vivo conditions
Authors: Basharat Meer , deSouza Nandita M. , Parkes Harold G. , Payne Geoffrey S. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo estimate the exchange rates of labile 1H in citrate and spermine, metabolites present in prostatic secretions, to predict the size of the citrate and spermine CEST effects in vivo.MethodsCEST z‐spectra were acquired at high‐field [11.7 Tesla (T)] from citrate and spermine solutions at physiological pH (6.5) using saturation power 6 μT. CEST was performed at different temperatures to determine exchange regimes (slow, intermediate or fast). For low pH solutions of spermine, exchange rates were estimated from resonance line width, fitting z‐spectra using the Bloch equations incorporating exchange, and using quantifying exchange using saturation time experiments (QUEST). These rates were extrapolated to physiological pH.ResultsCitrate showed little CEST effect at pH 6.5 and temperature (T) = 310 K (maximum 0.001% mM‐1), indicating fast exchange, whereas spermine showed greater CEST effects (maximum 0.2% mM‐1) indicating intermediate‐to‐fast exchange. Extrapolating data acquired from low pH spermine solutions predicts exchange rates at pH 6.5 and T of 310 K of at least 2 × 104s‐1.ConclusionCitrate and spermine show minimal CEST effects at 11.7T even using high saturation power. These effects would be much less than 2% at clinical field‐strengths due to relatively faster exchange and would be masked by CEST from proteins. Magn Reson Med 76:742–746, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Intramuscular nerve distribution pattern of ankle invertor muscles in human cadaver using sihler stain
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Rha Dong‐Wook , Lee Sang Chul , Cong Liyao , Lee Hyung‐Jin , Lee Yong‐Woong , Kim Hee‐Jin , Hu Kyung‐Seok 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We sought to the ideal sites for botulinum toxin injection by examining the intramuscular nerve patterns of the ankle invertors. Methods: A modified Sihler method was performed on the flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, and flexor digitorum longus muscles (10 specimens each). The muscle origins, nerve entry points, and intramuscular arborization areas were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the most prominent point of the lateral malleolus (0%) to the fibular head (100%). Results: Intramuscular arborization patterns were observed at 20–50% for the flexor hallucis longus, 70–80% for the tibialis posterior, and 30–40% for the flexor digitorum longus. Conclusions: These findings suggest that treatment of muscle spasticity of the ankle invertors involves botulinum toxin injections in specific areas. These areas, corresponding to the areas of maximum arborization, are recommended as the most effective and safest points for injection. Muscle Nerve 53: 742–747, 2016
Sensory neuronopathies
Authors: Gwathmey Kelly Graham 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe sensory neuronopathies (or ganglionopathies) are a small subcategory of neuropathies characterized by primary degeneration of the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons, resulting in a distinctive clinical presentation. Patients typically have subacute onset of asymmetric, non–length‐dependent sensory impairment and early ataxia. The etiologies of acquired sensory neuronopathies are rather limited. Early identification is imperative, as they may herald an underlying malignancy or an autoimmune condition such as Sjögren syndrome. This review addresses the various causes of acquired sensory neuronopathies, the recommended diagnostic approach, and treatment options. Finally, I will briefly discuss a select few hereditary and degenerative sensory neuronopathies, which, in contrast to the acquired disorders, are slowly progressive and are usually associated with additional neurological symptoms. Muscle Nerve 53: 8–19, 2016
Elevated ghrelin predicts food intake during experimental sleep restriction
Authors: Broussard Josiane L. , Kilkus Jennifer M. , Delebecque Fanny , Abraham Varghese , Day Andrew , Whitmore Harry R. , Tasali Esra 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveSleep curtailment has been linked to obesity, but underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study assessed whether sleep restriction alters 24‐h profiles of appetite‐regulating hormones ghrelin, leptin, and pancreatic polypeptide during a standardized diet and whether these hormonal alterations predict food intake during ad libitum feeding.MethodsNineteen healthy, lean men were studied under normal sleep and sleep restriction in a randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected for 24 h during standardized meals. Subsequently, participants had an ad libitum feeding opportunity (buffet meals and snacks) and caloric intake was measured.ResultsGhrelin levels were increased after sleep restriction as compared with normal sleep (P < 0.01). Overall, sleep restriction did not alter leptin or pancreatic polypeptide profiles. Sleep restriction was associated with an increase in total calories from snacks by 328 ± 140 kcal (P = 0.03), primarily from carbohydrates (P = 0.02). The increase in evening ghrelin during sleep restriction was correlated with higher consumption of calories from sweets (r = 0.48, P = 0.04).ConclusionsSleep restriction as compared with normal sleep significantly increases ghrelin levels. The increase in ghrelin is associated with higher consumption of calories. Elevated ghrelin may be a mechanism by which sleep loss leads to increased food intake and the development of obesity.
Nonlinear model predictive control based on constraint transformation
Authors: Käpernick Bartosz , Graichen Knut 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe paper presents a constraint transformation approach for nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) subject to a class of state and control constraints. The approach uses a two‐stage transformation technique to incorporate the constraints into a new unconstrained MPC formulation with new variables. As part of the stability analysis, the relationship of the new unconstrained MPC scheme to an interior penalty formulation in the original variables is discussed. The approach is combined with an unconstrained gradient method that allows for computing the single MPC iterations in a real‐time manner. The applicability of the approach, for example, to fast mechatronic systems, is demonstrated by numerical as well as experimental results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.