bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique expression and critical role of metallothionein 3 in the control of osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis
Authors: Mo Shenzheng , Kim Min Kyung , Jang Ji Sun , Lee Seung Hye , Hong Seo Jin , Jung Suhan , Kim Hong-Hee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBone homeostasis is maintained by an intricate balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which becomes disturbed in osteoporosis. Metallothioneins (MTs) are major contributors in cellular zinc regulation. However, the role of MTs in bone cell regulation has remained unexplored. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis discovered that, unlike the expression of other MT members, the expression of MT3 was unique to osteoclasts among various macrophage populations and was highly upregulated during osteoclast differentiation. This unique MT3 upregulation was validated experimentally and supported by ATAC sequencing data analyses. Downregulation of MT3 by gene knockdown or knockout resulted in excessive osteoclastogenesis and exacerbated bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Transcriptome sequencing of MT3 knockdown osteoclasts and gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the oxidative stress and redox pathways were enriched, which was verified by MT3-dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, MT3 deficiency increased the transcriptional activity of SP1 in a manner dependent on intracellular zinc levels. This MT3-zinc-SP1 axis was crucial for the control of osteoclasts, as zinc chelation and SP1 knockdown abrogated the promotion of SP1 activity and osteoclastogenesis by MT3 deletion. Moreover, SP1 bound to the NFATc1 promoter, and overexpression of an inactive SP1 mutant negated the effects of MT3 deletion on NFATc1 and osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, MT3 plays a pivotal role in controlling osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism via dual axes involving ROS and SP1. The present study demonstrated that MT3 elevation is a potential therapeutic strategy for osteolytic bone disorders, and it established for the first time that MT3 is a crucial bone mass regulator.
A data-driven approach to identifying PFAS water sampling priorities in Colorado, United States
Authors: Barton Kelsey E. , Anthamatten Peter J. , Adgate John L. , McKenzie Lisa M. , Starling Anne P. , Berg Kevin , Murphy Robert C. , Richardson Kristy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of environmentally and biologically persistent chemicals, have been used across many industries since the middle of the 20th century. Some PFAS have been linked to adverse health effects.

Objective
Our objective was to incorporate known and potential PFAS sources, physical characteristics of the environment, and existing PFAS water sampling results into a PFAS risk prediction map that may be used to develop a PFAS water sampling prioritization plan for the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE).

Methods
We used random forest classification to develop a predictive surface of potential groundwater contamination from two PFAS, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). The model predicted PFAS risk at locations without sampling data into one of three risk categories after being “trained” with existing PFAS water sampling data. We used prediction results, variable importance ranking, and population characteristics to develop recommendations for sampling prioritization.

Results
Sensitivity and precision ranged from 58% to 90% in the final models, depending on the risk category. The model and prioritization approach identified private wells in specific census blocks, as well as schools, mobile home parks, and public water systems that rely on groundwater as priority sampling locations. We also identified data gaps including areas of the state with limited sampling and potential source types that need further investigation.

Impact statement
This work uses random forest classification to predict the risk of groundwater contamination from two per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) across the state of Colorado, United States. We developed the prediction model using data on known and potential PFAS sources and physical characteristics of the environment, and “trained” the model using existing PFAS water sampling results. This data-driven approach identifies opportunities for PFAS water sampling prioritization as well as information gaps that, if filled, could improve model predictions. This work provides decision-makers information to effectively use limited resources towards protection of populations most susceptible to the impacts of PFAS exposure.
Study on the key parameters of ice particle air jet ejector structure
Authors: Man Wang , Zehua Niu , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExisting ice particle jet surface treatment technology is prone to ice particle adhesion during application, significantly affecting surface treatment efficiency. Based on the basic structure of the jet pump, the ice particle air jet surface treatment technology is proposed for the instant preparation and utilization of ice particles, solving the problem of ice particle adhesion and clogging. To achieve efficient utilization of ice particles and high-speed jetting, an integrated jet structure for ice particle ejection and acceleration was developed. The influence of the working nozzle position (Ld), expansion ratio (n), and acceleration nozzle diameter ratio (Dn) length-to-diameter ratio (Ln) on the ice particle ejection and acceleration was systematically studied. The structural parameters of the ejector were determined using the impact kinetic energy of ice particles as the comprehensive evaluation index, and the surface treatment test was conducted to verify the results. The study shows that under 2 MPa air pressure, the ejector nozzle parameters of n = 1.5, Dn = 4.0, Ld = 4, and Ln = 0 mm can effectively eject and accelerate the ice particles. The aluminum alloy plate depainting test obtained a larger paint removal radius and resulted in a smoother aluminum alloy plate surface, reducing the surface roughness from 3.194 ± 0.489 μm to 1.156 ± 0.136 μm. The immediate preparation and utilization of ice particles solved the problems of adhesion and storage in the engineering application of ice particle air jet technology, providing a feasible technical method in the field of material surface treatment.
PUM1-TRAF3 fusion protein activates non-canonical NF-κB signaling via rescued NIK in biliary tract cancer
Authors: Jung Dawoon E. , Seo Mi-Kyoung , Jo Jung Hyun , Kim Kahee , Kim Chanyang , Kang Hyundeok , Park Soo Been , Lee Hee Seung , Kim Sangwoo , Song Si Young 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiscovery and verification of diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for biliary tract cancer (BTC) is challenging owing to the low prevalence of the disease. Here, we identified and investigated the clinical impact of a fusion gene, Pumilio1-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (PUM1-TRAF3), caused by 1;14 chromosomal translocation in BTC. PUM1-TRAF3 was initially identified in the RNA-sequencing of five BTC surgical tissues and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression of the fusion gene was validated in an expanded cohort (5/55, 9.1%). Establishment and molecular assessment of PUM1-TRAF3 expressing BTC cells revealed that PUM1-TRAF3 activates non-canonical NF-κB signaling via NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK). Abnormal TRAF3 activity, driven by competitive binding of PUM1-TRAF3 and TRAF3 to NIK, led to NIK rescue followed by P52/RelB nuclear translocation, all of which were reverted by an NIK inhibitor. The elevated expression of NIK and activated NF-κB signaling was observed in the PUM1-TRAF3-expressing regions of patient tissues. Expression of the PUM1-TRAF3 fusion was significantly correlated with strong NIK expression, which is associated with a poorer prognosis for patients with BTC. Overall, our study identifies a new fusion gene, PUM1-TRAF3, that activates NIK and non-canonical NF-κB signaling, which may be beneficial for developing precise treatment strategies for BTC.
Upper bounds on overshoot in SIR models with nonlinear incidence
Authors: Nguyen Maximilian M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe expand the calculation of the upper bound on epidemic overshoot in SIR models to account for nonlinear incidence. We lay out the general procedure and restrictions to perform the calculation analytically for nonlinear functions in the number of susceptibles. We demonstrate the procedure by working through several examples and also numerically study what happens to the upper bound on overshoot when nonlinear incidence manifests in the form of epidemic dynamics over a contact network. We find that both steeper incidence terms and larger contact heterogeneity can increase the range of communicable diseases at which the overshoot remains a relatively large public health hazard.
Antifragility in complex dynamical systems
Authors: Axenie Cristian , López-Corona Oliver , Makridis Michail A. , Akbarzadeh Meisam , Saveriano Matteo , Stancu Alexandru , West Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntifragility characterizes the benefit of a dynamical system derived from the variability in environmental perturbations. Antifragility carries a precise definition that quantifies a system’s output response to input variability. Systems may respond poorly to perturbations (fragile) or benefit from perturbations (antifragile). In this manuscript, we review a range of applications of antifragility theory in technical systems (e.g., traffic control, robotics) and natural systems (e.g., cancer therapy, antibiotics). While there is a broad overlap in methods used to quantify and apply antifragility across disciplines, there is a need for precisely defining the scales at which antifragility operates. Thus, we provide a brief general introduction to the properties of antifragility in applied systems and review relevant literature for both natural and technical systems’ antifragility. We frame this review within three scales common to technical systems: intrinsic (input–output nonlinearity), inherited (extrinsic environmental signals), and induced (feedback control), with associated counterparts in biological systems: ecological (homogeneous systems), evolutionary (heterogeneous systems), and interventional (control). We use the common noun in designing systems that exhibit antifragile behavior across scales and guide the reader along the spectrum of fragility–adaptiveness–resilience–robustness–antifragility, the principles behind it, and its practical implications.
Development of zeolite adsorbents for CO2 separation in achieving carbon neutrality
Authors: Tao Zeyu , Tian Yuanmeng , Wu Wei , Liu Zhendong , Fu Weiqi , Kung Chung-Wei , Shang Jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe escalating atmospheric CO2 concentration has become a global concern due to its substantial influence on climate change, emphasizing the necessity of carbon capture to achieve carbon neutrality. Adsorption-based CO2 separation is a promising approach for carbon capture, highlighting the importance of developing solid porous materials as effective adsorbents. Among these porous materials, zeolites stand out as promising adsorbents due to their extensively tunable adsorption/separation properties, superior structural stability, non-toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, strategies, and prospects for zeolite development in separating CO2 from critical scenarios, encompassing flue gas (CO2/N2), natural/bio/landfill gases (CO2/CH4), and air, respectively. This review outlines general mechanisms for CO2 separation using zeolites, discusses specific strategies for zeolite development, and concludes with a summary of current findings and an outlook for future research.
Fixação de fragmento osteocondral com palitos ósseos autólogos em joelho – Um relato de caso
Authors: Resch Elemar da Silva , Machry Sandrey da Rosa , Zottis Caio César , Barros Fernando Knoll 
Published: August 2024

ResumoLesões osteocondrais no joelho são incomuns no esqueleto imaturo e costumam estar relacionadas com atividades esportivas.De acordo com o tamanho e a localização do fragmento, a fixação se faz necessária. A técnica padrão é realizada através da redução aberta e fixação interna com parafusos metálicos, que precisam retirados em um segundo procedimento, após consolidação.Como alternativa, visando a redução de risco e morbidade, existe a fixação do fragmento osteocondral com palitos ósseos autólogos.O presente trabalho relata a execução dessa técnica cirúrgica em um paciente de 13 anos que lesionou o joelho direito durante uma partida de futebol.
Um estudo de coorte retrospectiva dos efeitos da taxa de preenchimento do canal e da alteração da densidade óssea femoral nos desfechos de hastes anatômicas e cônicas de cunha dupla
Authors: Chompoosang Thakrit , Ploynumpon Patcharavit 
Published: August 2024

Resumo
Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as alterações na densidade óssea femoral proximal em radiografias de acompanhamento e as taxas de preenchimento proximal das hastes anatômicas ou cônicas de cunha dupla.
Métodos O estudo incluiu pacientes com idade entre 18 e 80 anos submetidos à artroplastia total primária do quadril com os dois tipos de hastes entre 2017 e 2019 e que tinham radiografias de acompanhamento por até um ano. As taxas de preenchimento do canal em três níveis (trocânter menor [TM], 2 cm acima do TM e 7 cm abaixo do TM) foram determinadas pelo método de densitometria ideal. As alterações na densidade óssea femoral foram medidas pelo método de zoneamento de Gruen.
Resultados Ao todo, 92 pacientes (76% do sexo feminino e 24% do sexo masculino) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão deste estudo. A média de idade foi de 53,86 ± 13,00 anos. A taxa de preenchimento do canal no grupo com hastes cônicas de cunha dupla (Accolade II) foi significativamente maior do que no grupo com haste anatômica (ABGII) (p < 0,001, p < 0,001 e p = 0,013) em todos os níveis de medição. Não foi notada diferença significativa entre os dois tipos de hastes nas alterações da densidade óssea femoral nas zonas 1 e 4. Porém, diferenças significativas na alteração óssea femoral foram detectadas, já que a perda óssea foi maior no grupo com haste anatômica, na zona 7 (−25% versus −17%; p = 0,010).
Conclusão A haste cônica de cunha dupla gerou uma taxa de preenchimento do canal significativamente maior do que a haste anatômica em todos os níveis, mas com menor perda de densidade óssea femoral em radiografias pós-operatórias de acompanhamento na zona 7. Além disso, nas zonas 1 e 4, não houve perda significativa de densidade óssea femoral.
Clostridioides Difficile Infection Presenting with Fulminant Colitis
Authors: Sobrado Lucas F. , Anderson Cristan , Steele Scott R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common hospital-acquired infection, typically presenting with watery diarrhea and colitis. Most cases are managed with clinical support and antibiotics. Recently, more virulent strains have been associated with life-threatening infections. Surgery plays a role for complicated cases failing clinical treatment or with complications, such as bowel perforation and peritonitis. The present study reports the case of a 62-year-old female with CDI and fulminant colitis requiring urgent surgery. Surgeons should be aware of this presentation and involved early in the care of these patients, as clinical deterioration can occur very rapidly.
Efficacy of Metronidazole in the Conservative Treatment for Appendiceal Mass
Authors: Ogata Seiya , Shimizu Hirofumi , Machino Kakeru , Kakuta Keiichi , Mimori Kotaro , Minami Yosuke , Goto Yudai , Yamashita Michitoshi , Tanaka Hideaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background In patients with complicated appendicitis, interval appendectomy (IA) with a single broad-spectrum antibiotic sometimes fails. We reviewed our experience of adding metronidazole (MNZ) in such situations.
Methods Medical records of children with an appendiceal mass treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics followed by IA from March 2009 to May 2019 were reviewed. In the latter period (after April 2015, Group L, n = 14), MNZ was added if symptoms were not improved by a 3- to 4-day course of antibiotics. The body temperature, white blood cell count (WBC), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), treatment failure, and hospital stay for the initial treatment were collected in the earlier period (Group E, n = 14) and Group L.
Results There was no treatment failure. Group E tended to require a longer hospital stay (14.0 vs. 11.1 days, p = 0.099); however, the temperature, WBC, and CRP on admission were not significantly different. In the MNZ-added group (n = 8), the mean rate of change (per day) in WBC before and after the addition of MNZ were −288 ± 1,155 and −3,870 ± 1,634, respectively (p = 0.001). All patients underwent IA in about 3 months.
Conclusions This preliminary study may indicate the efficacy of MNZ combined with a broad-spectrum antibiotic followed by IA for intractable appendiceal masses.
Plans and outcomes for mixed use in new apartment buildings: A Gothenburg programme for suburban infills
Authors: Gregorowicz-Kipszak Joanna , Bröchner Jan , Hagson Anders 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCities may wish to create more lively urban areas by zoning for mixed uses. The purpose here is to identify factors explaining the gaps between plans and outcomes for non-residential uses of ground floors in a Swedish housing programme with 30 development plans for apartment building infill in low-density suburbs already dominated by apartment buildings. We assume that outcomes depend on zoning, urban design factors, mobility factors and socio-economic factors. Documents and field observations reveal that vertical zoning has had limited effects. Correlation analysis indicates that active non-residential ground floor frontages reflect access to public transport, while vacancies are associated inversely with area incomes. Typical ground floor uses are the retail sale of food and services to the human body. A political goal of active ground floors in low-density suburbs might need subsidies if vacancies are to be avoided.
Academic freedom and the unknown: credibility, criticism, and inquiry among the professoriate
Authors: Yingling Marissa E. , Yingling Charlton W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the U.S., military and intelligence personnel, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), scholars, professional organizations, legislators, journalists, and others are requesting study of UFOs, recently renamed Unidentified Aerial/Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) by the U.S. government. Yet disinformation, misidentifications, hoaxes, and entertainment cloud the subject. Combined, these factors pertain to wider debates about the parameters of academic freedom. Here, we asked faculty across 14 disciplines at 144 research universities (N = 1460) to register insights about UAP in the academy via confidential survey. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first national study to examine scholars’ evaluations of academic credibility and possible social or professional repercussions—including concerns for tenure, promotion, and academic freedom—in relation to UAP. Results suggest that faculty concern that conducting UAP-related research would jeopardize their tenure or promotion might exceed colleagues’ actual negativity toward such research on tenure or promotional votes. Only 7.4% of faculty responded that “Yes” they would vote negatively (“No” = 61.92%, “Maybe” = 27.95%), though 52.67% reported some degree of concern for tenure or promotion. Faculty more frequently reported some degree of concern for social rather than professional repercussions. Concern for ridicule totaled 69.04%. Among all faculty, 66.24% reported that their discipline was capable to some degree of evaluating the evidence or significance of UAP. The disciplines of physics (95.82%), philosophy (88.73%), anthropology (87.09%), and engineering (83.15%) most frequently reported capability. Those who most frequently responded “Not at All” capable belonged to economics (59.7%), literature/English (54.46%), nursing (53.33%), and art and design (51.52%). Notably, although physics faculty most frequently responded that their discipline was capable to some degree of evaluation, nearly three in four reported some degree of concern about ridicule. From 250 open-ended responses, we generated 14 themes pertaining to research or teaching. To promote transparency, highlight a range of perspectives, and facilitate debate, for each theme we included at least 3 example quotes. In the context of ongoing developments, we discuss results, which underscore the complexity of beleaguered subjects and render conversations about academic freedom and UAP timely, relevant, and necessary.
The use of interactional metadiscourse markers by Saudi EFL male and female college students: the case of a gender-sensitive topic
Authors: Al-Otaibi Ghuzayyil Mohammed , Hussain Abeer Abdulhadi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA few studies have explored the use of interactional metadiscourse markers in argumentative writing by male and female college students. More importantly, none explored the topic of metadiscourse resources with respect to gender-sensitive topics. Thus, the present study aims at examining the exploitation of interactional metadiscourse markers by Saudi male and female English as a Foreign Language (EFL) college students in their writing about ‘Who are Better Drivers, Men or Women?’. The study is corpus-based on students’ essays. The corpus consists of four sub-corpora: (a) men favouring men, (b) men arguing for women, (c) women arguing for men and (d) women writing in favour of women. We followed a qualitative and quantitative approach to data analysis. Using AntConc and Hyland’s (2005) metadiscourse model of interactional markers, the results reveal that female writers employed attitudinal lexis, hedges, self-mentions and boosters more than male writers. As for the variables of gender and stance choice, females arguing for men’s driving significantly utilised hedges more than the other three groups. Additionally, female writers writing in support of female drivers significantly used self-mentions more than male writers arguing for men’s driving. This study shows that sensitive topics may cause a difference in the distribution of metadiscourse markers used by people of both genders, and it provides some pedagogical implications for EFL instructors and curriculum developers.
Design of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source for the space plasma environment research facility
Authors: Yang J. H. , Ling W. B. , Jin C. G. , Tang H. B. , Zhou H. , E P. 
Published: August 2024

The Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF) was built in Harbin to study the three-dimensional magnetic reconnection and wave–particle interactions relevant to space physics in laboratory settings. A 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasma source is adopted in the device to simulate the Earth’s magnetosphere and achieve the scientific goals. In this paper, the design of the ECR plasma source is presented. The structures of the microwave source, the microwave transfer system, and the antenna are introduced. Additionally, the resonant surfaces are computed to predict the locations of microwave absorption. The absorption mechanisms of the microwave in the SPERF are also discussed. The discharge experiment demonstrates the utility of the ECR source in simulating the Earth’s magnetosphere. The successful operation of the source indicates that the ECR discharge is a powerful tool for creating a plasma environment in a large plasma experimental device.