bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doors to the dead. The power of doorways and thresholds in Viking Age Scandinavia
Authors: Eriksen Marianne Hem 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMortuary practices could vary almost indefinitely in the Viking Age. Within a theoretical framework of ritualization and architectural philosophy, this article explores how doors and thresholds were used in mortuary practice and ritual behaviour. The door is a deep metaphor for transition, transformation and liminality. It is argued that Viking Age people built ‘doors to the dead’ of various types, such as freestanding portals, causewayed ring-ditches or thresholds to grave mounds; or on occasion even buried their dead in the doorway. The paper proposes that the ritualized doors functioned in three ways: they created connections between the dead and the living; they constituted boundaries and thresholds that could possibly be controlled; and they formed between-spaces, expressing liminality and, conceivably, deviance. Ultimately, the paper underlines the profound impact of domestic architecture on mortuary practice and ritual behaviour in the Viking Age.
QUASICONVEXITY OF BANDS IN HYPERBOLIC 3-MANIFOLDS
Authors: BOWDITCH BRIAN H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLet$M$be a complete hyperbolic 3-manifold homotopy equivalent to a compact surface$\Sigma $. Let$\Phi $be a proper subsurface of$\Sigma $, whose boundary is sufficiently short in$M$. We show that the union of all Margulis tubes and cusps homotopic into$\Phi $lifts to a uniformly quasiconvex subset of hyperbolic 3-space.
USING IDEALS TO PROVIDE A UNIFIED APPROACH TO UNIQUELY CLEAN RINGS
Authors: HIREMATH V. A. , HEGDE SHARAD 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this article, we introduce the notion of the uniquely $I$-clean ring and show that, if $R$ is a ring and $I$ is an ideal of $R$ then $R$ is uniquely $I$-clean if and only if ($R/ I$ is Boolean and idempotents lift uniquely modulo $I$) if and only if (for each $a\in R$ there exists a central idempotent $e\in R$ such that $e- a\in I$ and $I$ is idempotent-free). We examine when ideal extension is uniquely clean relative to an ideal. Also we obtain conditions on a ring $R$ and an ideal $I$ of $R$ under which uniquely $I$-clean rings coincide with uniquely clean rings. Further we prove that a ring $R$ is uniquely nil-clean if and only if ($N(R)$ is an ideal of $R$ and $R$ is uniquely $N(R)$-clean) if and only if $R$ is both uniquely clean and nil-clean if and only if ($R$ is an abelian exchange ring with $J(R)$ nil and every quasiregular element is uniquely clean). We also show that $R$ is a uniquely clean ring such that every prime ideal of $R$ is maximal if and only if $R$ is uniquely nil-clean ring and $N(R)= {\mathrm{Nil} }_{\ast } (R)$.
ON THE GROUP INVERSE FOR THE SUM OF MATRICES
Authors: BU CHANGJIANG , ZHOU XIUQING , MA LIANG , ZHOU JIANG 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLet${ \mathbb{K} }^{m\times n} $denote the set of all$m\times n$matrices over a skew field$ \mathbb{K} $. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the group inverse of$P+ Q$and its representation under the condition$PQ= 0$, where$P, Q\in { \mathbb{K} }^{n\times n} $. In addition, in view of the natural characters of block matrices, we give the existence and representation for the group inverse of$P+ Q$and$P+ Q+ R$under some conditions, where$P, Q, R\in { \mathbb{K} }^{n\times n} $.
Shared decision making in palliative cancer care: a literature review
Authors: Feuz C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients require information to make informed decisions and consent to medical treatment. Shared decision making (SDM) is a methodology that promotes a patient-centred approach to informed consent and demonstrates respect for autonomyPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically review the legal and ethical issues relevant to Canadian and UK informed consent and SDM practices and how these processes relate to current palliative care practices, with a particular emphasis on radiation therapy.MethodologyA review of the English literature from 2003 to 2013 was performed using the databases PubMed (NML), OVID Medline and Google Scholar.Results and ConclusionsThe literature identifies that palliative cancer patients desire the opportunity to be involved with decision-making discussions, which has shown to increase knowledge and result in better health-related outcomes. However, ethical and legal issues regarding the practicality of including this patient population in SDM discussions raises questions about validity of consent. For SDM to be considered a valid methodology to obtain informed consent, open and honest communication between the patient and multidisciplinary team is essential. Treatment options for palliative cancer patients are often complex and SDM allows healthcare professionals and patients to exchange information and negotiate feasible treatment options based on medical expertise and patient preferences.Legal frameworks have defined current standards of practice for various healthcare professions, including radiation therapy. Radiation therapists, as members of the multidisciplinary team, are currently key contributors in providing information to patients regarding the radiotherapy process. Individuals working within advanced practice roles have the ability to develop skills once considered to be within medical domains and have begun to incorporate the delegated act of obtaining informed consent into practice which has shown to increase professional autonomy, accountability and improves patient-centred care.
Identification of telomere-associated molecules by engineered DNA-binding molecule-mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP)
Authors: Fujita Toshitsugu , Asano Yoshinori , Ohtsuka Junko , Takada Yoko , Saito Kazunobu , Ohki Rieko , Fujii Hodaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBiochemical analysis of molecular interactions in specific genomic regions requires their isolation while retaining molecular interactions in vivo. Here, we report isolation of telomeres by engineered DNA-binding molecule-mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP) using a transcription activator-like (TAL) protein recognizing telomere repeats. Telomeres recognized by the tagged TAL protein were immunoprecipitated with an antibody against the tag and subjected to identification of telomere-binding molecules. enChIP-mass spectrometry (enChIP-MS) targeting telomeres identified known and novel telomere-binding proteins. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000461. In addition, we showed that RNA associated with telomeres could be isolated by enChIP. Identified telomere-binding molecules may play important roles in telomere biology. enChIP using TAL proteins would be a useful tool for biochemical analysis of specific genomic regions of interest.
Frequency comb from 500 Hz to 2 THz by optical rectification in zinc telluride
Authors: Hagmann M.J. , Henage T.E. , Azad A.K. , Taylor A.J. , Yarotski D.A. 
Published: November 2013

Optical rectification of ultrafast laser pulses is widely used to generate THz radiation. Here, the microwave frequency comb generated by optical rectification with a ZnTe(100) crystal and a mode‐locked ultrafast laser has been measured, showing that the harmonics are at integer multiples of the pulse repetition rate of the laser (500 Hz). Strong correlations of the peak powers of the simultaneously measured THz spectrum and the measurements of the microwave frequency comb near 7.5 GHz suggest that they have a common origin.
High‐efficiency rectifier using composite right‐/left‐handed transmission line
Authors: Choi S. , Lim S. 
Published: November 2013

A novel high‐efficiency rectifier using a composite right‐/left‐handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) is proposed for 900 MHz wireless power transmission applications. The open‐ended CRLH TL stub replaces the bandpass filter (BPF) of a conventional rectifier and has a small size as compared to the traditional BPF. The open‐ended CRLH TL stub is designed to suppress the second and third harmonics and to match the fundamental frequency to 50 Ω impedance. The maximum RF‐to‐DC conversion efficiency of the proposed rectifier is 69.9% at an input power of 50 mW and a load of 1.8 kΩ. A design procedure based on the phase response of a CRLH TL is presented and validated by simulated and measurement results.
The bonding, charge distribution, spin ordering, optical, and elastic properties of four MAX phases Cr2AX (A = Al or Ge, X = C or N): From density functional theory study
Authors: Li Neng , Mo Yuxiang , Ching Wai-Yim 
Published: November 2013

In this work, we assess a full spectrum of properties (chemical bonding, charge distribution, spin ordering, optical, and elastic properties) of Cr2AC (A = Al, Ge) and their hypothetical nitride counterparts Cr2AN (A = Al, Ge) based on density functional theory calculations. The calculated total energy values indicate that a variety of spin ordering of these four compounds depending on interlayer-interactions between M-A and M-X within the sublattice, which is supported by bonding analysis. MAX phase materials are discovered to possess exotic magnetic properties which indicates that these materials could serve as promising candidates for novel layered magnetic materials for various electronic and spintronic applications. Further analysis of optical properties for two polarization vectors of Cr2AX shows that the reflectivity is high in the visible-ultraviolet region up to ∼15 eV suggesting Cr2AX as a promising candidate for use as a coating material. The elastic coefficients (Cij) and bulk mechanical properties [bulk modulus (K), shear modulus (G), Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (η), and Pugh ratio (G/K)] of these four Cr2AX compounds are also calculated and analyzed, which pave the way to predict or design new MAX phases that are less brittle or tougher by having a lower G/K value or higher η.
At the request of the authors and editor, this article is being retracted effective 14 March 2014.
Taxes, Subsidies, and Advertising Efficacy in Changing Eating Behavior: An Experimental Study
Authors: Streletskaya Nadia A. , Rusmevichientong Pimbucha , Amatyakul Wansopin , Kaiser Harry M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing a lab experiment with 258 adult non‐student participants, we examined whether unhealthy foods taxes, healthy foods subsidies, anti‐obesity advertising, and healthy foods advertising have an impact on changing consumers' choices of lunch items and the nutrient content of their choices for a selected meal. A difference‐in‐difference regression model was used to determine the efficacy of the various policy treatments. The results indicate that the unhealthy foods tax, healthy foods advertising, and unhealthy foods tax combined with anti‐obesity advertising significantly reduced the content of some nutrients of concern, such as calories, calories from fat, carbohydrates, and cholesterol in meal selections. We also find that when combined with healthy foods subsidy, the healthy foods advertising has very little effect on nutrient consumption; the anti‐obesity advertising on its own, however, is not efficient at changing dietary behavior. We discuss the policy implications of our findings and venues for future research.
Testing multiple biological mediators simultaneously
Authors: Boca Simina M. , Sinha Rashmi , Cross Amanda J. , Moore Steven C. , Sampson Joshua N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMotivation: Modern biomedical and epidemiological studies often measure hundreds or thousands of biomarkers, such as gene expression or metabolite levels. Although there is an extensive statistical literature on adjusting for ‘multiple comparisons’ when testing whether these biomarkers are directly associated with a disease, testing whether they are biological mediators between a known risk factor and a disease requires a more complex null hypothesis, thus offering additional methodological challenges.Results: We propose a permutation approach that tests multiple putative mediators and controls the family wise error rate. We demonstrate that, unlike when testing direct associations, replacing the Bonferroni correction with a permutation approach that focuses on the maximum of the test statistics can significantly improve the power to detect mediators even when all biomarkers are independent. Through simulations, we show the power of our method is 2–5× larger than the power achieved by Bonferroni correction. Finally, we apply our permutation test to a case-control study of dietary risk factors and colorectal adenoma to show that, of 149 test metabolites, docosahexaenoate is a possible mediator between fish consumption and decreased colorectal adenoma risk.Availability and implementation: R-package included in online Supplementary Material.Contact: joshua.sampson@nih.govSupplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Computing cavities, channels, pores and pockets in proteins from non-spherical ligands models
Authors: Benkaidali Lydia , André François , Maouche Boubekeur , Siregar Pridi , Benyettou Mohamed , Maurel François , Petitjean Michel 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying protein cavities, channels and pockets accessible to ligands is a major step to predict potential protein–ligands complexes. It is also essential for preparation of protein–ligand docking experiments in the context of enzymatic activity mechanism and structure-based drug design.
Results: We introduce a new method, implemented in a program named CCCPP, which computes the void parts of the proteins, i.e. cavities, channels and pockets. The present approach is a variant of the alpha shapes method, with the advantage of taking into account the size and the shape of the ligand. We show that the widely used spherical model of ligands is most of the time inadequate and that cylindrical shapes are more realistic. The analysis of the void parts of the protein is done via a network of channels depending on the ligand. The performance of CCCPP is tested with known substrates of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A4 involved in xenobiotics metabolism. The test results indicate that CCCPP is able to find pathways to the buried heminic P450 active site even for high molecular weight CYP 3A4 substrates such as two ketoconazoles together, an experimentally observed situation.
Availability: Free binaries are available through a software repository at http://petitjeanmichel.free.fr/itoweb.petitjean.freeware.html
Contact: michel.petitjean@univ-paris-diderot.fr
Novel mutations in Lrp6 orthologs in mouse and human neural tube defects affect a highly dosage-sensitive Wnt non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway
Authors: Allache Redouane , Lachance Stéphanie , Guyot Marie Claude , De Marco Patrizia , Merello Elisa , Justice Monica J. , Capra Valeria , Kibar Zoha 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Wnt signaling has been classified as canonical Wnt/β-catenin-dependent or non-canonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Misregulation of either pathway is linked mainly to cancer or neural tube defects (NTDs), respectively. Both pathways seem to antagonize each other, and recent studies have implicated a number of molecular switches that activate one pathway while simultaneously inhibiting the other thereby partially mediating this antagonism. The lipoprotein receptor–related protein Lrp6 is crucial for the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but its function in Wnt/PCP signaling remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of Lrp6 as a molecular switch between both Wnt pathways in a novel ENU mouse mutant of Lrp6 (Skax26m1Jus) and in human NTDs. We demonstrate that Skax26m1Jus represents a hypermorphic allele of Lrp6 with increased Wnt canonical and abolished PCP-induced JNK activities. We also show that Lrp6Skax26-Jus genetically interacts with a PCP mutant (Vangl2Lp) where double heterozygotes showed an increased frequency of NTDs and defects in cochlear hair cells’ polarity. Importantly, our study also demonstrates the association of rare and novel missense mutations in LRP6 that is an inhibitor rather than an activator of the PCP pathway with human NTDs. We show that three LRP6 mutations in NTDs led to a reduced Wnt canonical activity and enhanced PCP signaling. Our data confirm an inhibitory role of Lrp6 in PCP signaling in neurulation and indicate the importance of a tightly regulated and highly dosage-sensitive antagonism between both Wnt pathways in this process.
Functional characterization ofSIM1-associated enhancers
Authors: Kim Mee J. , Oksenberg Nir , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Vaisse Christian , Ahituv Nadav 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHaploinsufficiency of the single-minded homology 1 (SIM1) gene in humans and mice leads to severe obesity, suggesting that altered expression of SIM1, by way of regulatory elements such as enhancers, could predispose individuals to obesity. Here, we identified transcriptional enhancers that could regulate SIM1, using comparative genomics coupled with zebrafish and mouse transgenic enhancer assays. Owing to the dual role of Sim1 in hypothalamic development and in adult energy homeostasis, the enhancer activity of these sequences was annotated from embryonic to adult age. Of the seventeen tested sequences, two SIM1 candidate enhancers (SCE2 and SCE8) were found to have brain-enhancer activity in zebrafish. Both SCE2 and SCE8 also exhibited embryonic brain-enhancer expression in mice, and time course analysis of SCE2 activity showed overlapping expression with Sim1 from embryonic to adult age, notably in the hypothalamus in adult mice. Using a deletion series, we identified the critical region in SCE2 that is needed for enhancer activity in the developing brain. Sequencing this region in obese and lean cohorts revealed a higher prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were unique to obese individuals, with one variant reducing developmental-enhancer activity in zebrafish. In summary, we have characterized two brain enhancers in the SIM1 locus and identified a set of obesity-specific SNPs within one of them, which may predispose individuals to obesity.
Positive and negative selection using the tetA-sacB cassette: recombineering and P1 transduction in Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Xin-tian , Thomason Lynn C. , Sawitzke James A. , Costantino Nina , Court Donald L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The two-step process of selection and counter-selection is a standard way to enable genetic modification and engineering of bacterial genomes using homologous recombination methods. The tetA and sacB genes are contained in a DNA cassette and confer a novel dual counter-selection system. Expression of tetA confers bacterial resistance to tetracycline (TcR) and also causes sensitivity to the lipophillic chelator fusaric acid; sacB causes sensitivity to sucrose. These two genes are introduced as a joint DNA cassette into Escherichia coli by selection for TcR. A medium containing both fusaric acid and sucrose has been developed, in which, coexpression of tetA-sacB is orders of magnitude more sensitive as a counter-selection agent than either gene alone. In conjunction with the homologous recombination methods of recombineering and P1 transduction, this powerful system has been used to select changes in the bacterial genome that cannot be directly detected by other counter-selection systems.
First Report of Brown Rot of Apricot Caused by Monilia mumecola
Authors: Yin L. F. , Chen S. N. , Cai M. L. , Li G. Q. , Luo C. X. 
Published: November 2013

In May 2013, apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruits covered with grayish, conidial masses were collected from an unknown cultivar in an experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province. About 3 to 5% of fruit was infected and affected apricots had tan to white zones of sporulation, which resembled brown rot caused by Monilia species. Conidia were harvested from the surface of the sporulating apricot fruit and spread onto shallow potato dextrose agar (PDA) media (about 2 mm in thickness) using sterile cotton swabs. Conidia were lemon-shaped and mean size was 15.7 (10 to 22.5) × 25 (16.25 to 35) μm. Conidia on PDA were incubated at 23°C for 3 h in darkness, then observed under microscope. More than two germ tubes were produced from each conidium, which was the distinctive trait of Monilia mumecola species (2). Single-spore isolates were obtained and 3 isolates were cultured on PDA in petri dishes. Mycelium grew at an average of 15 mm per day, and the colony showed concentric rings of mycelium with lobbed margins at 23°C in darkness. A 712-bp fragment was PCR amplified from β-tubulin gene (TUB2) of all the nine isolates investigated indicative of M. mumecola (2). The ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of nine isolates were also PCR-amplified from genomic DNA using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and then sequenced (4). ITS sequences were identical to ITS sequences of M. mumecola from China (HQ908786) and Japan (AB125613, AB125614, and AB125620), but only has 98% and 97% identity with the closest species M. laxa (EU042149) and M. fructicola (HQ908789) according to BLAST search in GenBank. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating mycelial plugs of three isolates into six surface-sterilized apricots wounded with a 6-mm diameter sterile cork borer. Control fruit received plain PDA plugs and was incubated in a moist chamber at 23°C with 12 h light/12 h dark. All inoculated fruit developed typical brown rot symptoms with sporulating areas as described above after 3 days of incubation, while control fruits remained healthy. The developing spores on inoculated fruit were re-isolated and confirmed to be M. mumecola. M. mumecola was first isolated from Prunus mume in Japan in 1982 as an unknown Monilia species (3), then identified and the nomenclature was provided in 2004 (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. mumecola on P. armeniaca indicating that M. mumecola has spread to different hosts. References: (1) Y. Harada et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 70:297, 2004. (2) M. J. Hu et al. Plos One, 6(9):e24990, 2011. (3) S. Nakao. Kongetsu-no-noyaku, 1:92, 1992. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
Why producers of music use discourses of consumption (and why we shouldn’t think that makes them prosumers)
Authors: Cluley Robert 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how people making music represent their production activities using images of consumption.Design/methodology/approach– Supporting evidence is based on in-depth interviews with musicians and support personnel. The data are structured through a thematic analysis.Findings– The paper argues that consumption serves as a discursive resource that allows cultural producers to make sense of production activities which do not conform to an image of production as an alienated form of labour.Originality/value– Relating the analysis to the ongoing attempts to conceptualise cultural producers through the concept of prosumption, the paper concludes that there are limits to cultural producers’ abilities to represent their production activities as production rather than a structural change in social or economic organisation, as suggested by some consumer researchers.