bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for degenerative meniscal tears results in a decreased T2 relaxation time and pain relief: An exploratory randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hashimoto Shogo , Ohsawa Takashi , Omae Hiroaki , Oshima Atsufumi , Takase Ryota , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe optimal management of degenerative meniscal tears remains controversial. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to promote tissue repair in both preclinical and clinical studies; however, its effect on degenerative meniscal tears remains unknown. This study aimed to examine whether ESWT improves meniscal degeneration.MethodsThis randomized trial was conducted between 2020 and 2022 and involved patients with degenerative medial meniscal tears. Patients were allocated to receive either focused ESWT (0.25 mJ/mm2, 2000 impulses, 3 sessions with a 1‐week interval) or sham treatment. Patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before treatment and at 12 months after treatment. The primary endpoint was improvement in meniscal degeneration, as assessed by the change in T2 relaxation time from baseline on MRI T2 mapping. Knee pain and clinical outcomes were also examined at the same time.ResultsOf 29 randomized patients, 27 patients (mean age 63.9 ± 8.7 years; females 37%; ESWT group 14 patients; control group 13 patients) were included in the final analysis. At 12 months postintervention, patients in the ESWT group showed a greater decrease in the T2 relaxation time (ESWT group −2.9 ± 1.7 ms vs. control group 1.0 ± 1.9 ms; p < 0.001) and had less knee pain (p = 0.04). The clinical outcomes at 12 months post‐treatment were not statistically significant. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionESWT decreased the T2 relaxation time in the meniscus at 12 months post‐treatment. ESWT also provided pain relief, but no differences were observed in clinical outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
High long‐term failure rates after arthroscopic Bankart repair in younger patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations: A plea for early treatment
Authors: Delgado Cristina , Calvo Elena , Martínez‐Catalán Natalia , Valencia Maria , Luengo‐Alonso Gonzalo , Calvo Emilio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine arthroscopic Bankart repair outcomes and recurrence risk factors at a minimum 5‐year follow‐up.MethodsRetrospective assessment of prospectively collected data, single‐cohort study of patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with a minimum 5‐year follow‐up. Demographical and preoperative instability features were collected. Primary outcome was recurrent instability set as dislocation or subluxation. Secondary outcomes were revision surgery, postoperative instability degree according to Manta criteria, objective and subjective clinical and functional status, assessed by the Rowe, Western Ontario Shoulder Index (WOSI) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) scores. Return to sport and postoperative sports activity at the final follow‐up were also recorded.ResultsOne‐hundred and seventy‐two patients, 82% men, average age at surgery 29.5 ± 9.2 years, were included. At a mean follow‐up of 8.3 ± 2.6 years, recurrent instability occurred in 53 of 172 patients (30.8%). Revision surgery was required in 23/53 (43.4%) of shoulder with recurrent instability. Recurrence occurred within the first 2 years postoperative in 49% of the shoulders, whereas 51% of recurrences occurred after this period. Recurrence took place after a traumatic event in 25% and 56%, respectively. Recurrence rates were higher in patients who underwent surgery after two or more dislocations (p = 0.029). Patients younger at the time of first dislocation, younger at surgery and those with a higher preoperative degree of instability also showed significantly higher rates of recurrence (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, p = 0.03). Postoperative ROWE, WOSI and SSV scores were significantly worse in patients with recurrent instability (p < 0.001). Return‐to‐sports rate was also lower in patients with postoperative recurrence (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe arthroscopic Bankart repair was associated with a high long‐term recurrence rate, and its effectiveness decreased over time. The lowest recurrence rates in arthroscopic Bankart repair were achieved in older patients with only one prior instability episode and a lower instability degree.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Kinematic alignment adequately restores trochlear anatomy, patellar kinematics and kinetics in total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review
Authors: Ollivier Britt , Luyckx Thomas , Stragier Bruno , Vandenneucker Hilde 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposePatellofemoral pain, maltracking and instability remain common and challenging complications after total knee arthroplasty. Controversy exists regarding the effect of kinematic alignment on the patellofemoral joint, as it generally leads to more femoral component valgus and internal rotation compared to mechanical alignment. The aim of this systematic review is to thoroughly examine the influence of kinematic alignment on the third space.MethodsA systematic search of the Pubmed, Cochrane and Web of Science databases was performed to screen for relevant articles published before 7 April 2024. This led to the final inclusion of 42 articles: 2 cadaveric, 9 radiographic, 12 computer simulation and 19 clinical studies. The risk of bias was evaluated with the risk of bias in non‐randomised studies ‐ of interventions tool as the lowest level of evidence of the included clinical studies was IV. The effects of kinematic alignment on patellar kinematics and kinetics, trochlear anatomy reconstruction and patellofemoral complication rate were investigated.ResultsKinematic alignment closely restores native patellar kinematics and kinetics, better reproduces native trochlear anatomy than mechanical alignment and leads to a 0%–11.4% incidence of patellofemoral complications. A more valgus joint line of the distal femur can cause lateral trochlear undercoverage and a trochlear angle orientation medial to the quadriceps vector when applying kinematic alignment, both of which can be solved by using an adjusted design with a 20.5° valgus trochlea.ConclusionKinematic alignment appears to be a safe strategy for the patellofemoral joint in most knees, provided that certain precautions are taken to minimize the risk of complications.Level of EvidenceLevel IV clinical studies, in vitro research.
Patients undergoing multiligament knee reconstruction injured during pivoting sports demonstrate similar clinical, functional and return to sport outcomes by 2 years compared with those undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Edwards Peter K. , Mayne Alistair I. W. , Davies Peter S. E. , Evans Robert , Aujla Randeep S. , Malik Shahbaz S. , Dalgleish Stephen , Gohil Satyen , D'Alessandro Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the clinical and activity‐based outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) versus multiligamentous knee reconstruction (MLKR) following a pivoting sports injury.MethodsFifty MLKR patients were included, of which 20 (40%) were injured during pivoting sports. A further 50 patients undergoing ACLR following an injury during pivoting sports were consecutively recruited for comparison. Patients were assessed before the surgery and at 6‐, 12‐ and 24 months with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, Tegner activity scale (TAS) and anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL‐RSI) score. Knee movement, the single (SHD) and triple (THD) hop tests for distance, and peak isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength were assessed, with Limb Symmetry Indices (LSIs) calculated. Outcomes were compared across groups: (1) ACLR (n = 50), (2) MLKR (n = 50) and (3) MLKR due to pivoting sport injury (n = 20).ResultsIKDC, TAS and ACL‐RSI scores remained lower (p < 0.05) in the full MLKR versus ACLR cohort at all timepoints. Comparing the ACLR and MLKR cohort that had injuries specifically during pivoting sports, the IKDC (p < 0.001) and TAS (p = 0.009) were higher in the ACLR group at 6 months, and the ACL‐RSI was higher at 6 (p < 0.001) and 12 (p = 0.007) months, there were no further differences. Hop and knee extensor strength LSIs were lower (p < 0.05) in the full MLKR (versus ACLR) cohort at all timepoints (apart from the 24‐month SHD LSI). However, the ACLR group only demonstrated greater LSIs than the pivoting sport MLKR for the SHD at 6 months (p < 0.001), and knee extensor strength at 6 (p < 0.001) and 12 (p < 0.001) months.ConclusionsWhile the recovery of patients undergoing MLKR due to a pivoting sports injury is delayed compared with their ACLR counterparts, the clinical outcome and activity profile are similar by 24 months.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Tripartite Quantum Entanglement with Squeezed Optomechanics
Authors: Jiao Ya‐Feng , Zuo Yun‐Lan , Wang Yan , Lu Wangjun , Liao Jie‐Qiao , Kuang Le‐Man , Jing Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ability to engineer entangled states that involve macroscopic objects is of particular importance for a wide variety of quantum‐enabled technologies, ranging from quantum information processing to quantum sensing. Here how to achieve coherent manipulation and enhancement of quantum entanglement in a hybrid optomechanical system, which consists of a Fabry–Pérot cavity with two movable mirrors, an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), and an injected squeezed vacuum reservoir is proposed. It is shown that the advantages of this system are twofold: 1) one can effectively regulate the light‐mirror interactions by introducing a squeezed intracavity mode via the OPA; 2) when properly matching the squeezing parameters between the squeezed cavity mode and the injected squeezed vacuum reservoir, the optical input noises can be suppressed completely. These peculiar features of this system allow the generation and manipulation of quantum entanglement in a coherent and controllable way. More importantly, it is also found that such controllable entanglement, under some specific squeezing parameters, can be considerably enhanced in comparison with those of the conventional optomechanical system. The work, providing a promising method to regulate and tailor the light‐mirror interaction, is poised to serve as a useful tool for engineering various quantum effects which are based on cavity optomechanics.
Design of Biopolymer‐Coated Gold Nanorods as Biorelevant Photothermal Agents
Authors: Zengin Yağmur , Kelle Damla , Iyisan Banu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGold nanorods (AuNRs) are emerging metallic nanoparticles utilized to generate heat for photothermal therapy (PTT) in cancer. The tunable plasmonic properties of AuNRs make them a remarkable candidate for hyperthermia. However, the cytotoxicity of AuNRs limits its biological applicability due to the existence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the surface as a common surfactant. In this study, AuNRs are synthesized by seed‐mediated growth and then the optical properties are optimized by altering AgNO3 concentration. Afterward, CTAB is replaced with biopolymers which are BSA:Dextran and BSA:Guar Gum conjugates resulting in enhanced cellular viability, enabling to use of them as biologically relevant photothermal agents. The biocompatibility of AuNRs is improved to utilize them at high concentrations for laser studies, in which similar heat generation success of CTAB‐ and biopolymer‐coated AuNRs are shown for potential PTT applications. CTAB and biopolymer‐coated AuNRs in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg mL−1 are irradiated under NIR light at 808 nm laser at 0.5, 0.75, and 1 W cm−2 for 300 s. The biopolymer‐coated gold nanorods with different coatings preserve photothermal properties while reducing the cytotoxicity effects of CTAB and thus they are promising photothermal agents for potential PTT.
Protein modification in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ramazi Shahin , Dadzadi Maedeh , Darvazi Mona , Seddigh Nasrin , Allahverdi Abdollah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPosttranslational modifications play a crucial role in governing cellular functions and protein behavior. Researchers have implicated dysregulated posttranslational modifications in protein misfolding, which results in cytotoxicity, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. These aberrant posttranslational modifications cause proteins to gather in certain parts of the brain that are linked to the development of the diseases. This leads to neuronal dysfunction and the start of neurodegenerative disease symptoms. Cognitive decline and neurological impairments commonly manifest in neurodegenerative disease patients, underscoring the urgency of comprehending the posttranslational modifications’ impact on protein function for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review elucidates the critical link between neurodegenerative diseases and specific posttranslational modifications, focusing on Tau, APP, α‐synuclein, Huntingtin protein, Parkin, DJ‐1, and Drp1. By delineating the prominent aberrant posttranslational modifications within Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease, the review underscores the significance of understanding the interplay among these modifications. Emphasizing 10 key abnormal posttranslational modifications, this study aims to provide a comprehensive framework for investigating neurodegenerative diseases holistically. The insights presented herein shed light on potential therapeutic avenues aimed at modulating posttranslational modifications to mitigate protein aggregation and retard neurodegenerative disease progression.
A clinically used anti‐human papilloma virus agent (3‐hydroxyphthalic anhydride‐modified bovine β‐lactoglobulin) has a potential for topical application to prevent sexual transmission of monkeypox virus
Authors: Sha Yi'ou , Huang Baoying , Hua Chen , Zhu Yun , Tai Wanbo , Sun Jiewei , Li Yixin , Xia Anqi , Wang Qiao , Lu Lu , Tan Wenjie , Jiang Shibo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA global outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) caused by the mpox virus (MPXV) has posed a serious threat to public health worldwide, thus calling for the urgent development of antivirals and vaccines to curb its further spread. In this study, we screened 41 anhydride‐modified proteins and found that 3‐hydroxyphthalic anhydride‐modified β‐lactoglobulin (3HP‐β‐LG), a clinically used anti‐HPV agent, was highly effective in inhibiting infection of vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VACV‐VTT) and MPXV. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that 3HP‐β‐LG bound to the virus, not the host cell, by targeting the early stage of virus entry, possibly through the interaction between the amino acids with negatively charges in 3HP‐β‐LG and the key amino acids with positive charges in the target region of A29L, a key surface protein of MPXV. A synergistic effect was observed when 3HP‐β‐LG was combined with tecovirimat, a small‐molecule antiviral drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency for the treatment of smallpox and mpox. Because of its clinically proven safety and stability, 3HP‐β‐LG shows promise for further development as a prophylactic agent to prevent the sexual transmission of MPXV.
Collection channel selection strategy for a supply chain considering incomplete remanufacturing and shared environmental responsibility
Authors: Yang Deyan , Shi Jing , Xiao Tiaojun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article investigates a closed‐loop supply chain where the manufacturer and the retailer share corporate environmental responsibility regarding the environmental impact caused by non‐collected used products. To model the interactions between the two players, game theoretical models are established. The results show that (1) when the manufacturer's environmental responsibility is high, the follower‐managed collection is better than the leader‐managed collection. (2) The collection rate rises if the membership with high corporate environmental responsibility leads the channel or manages the collection. (3) Unless the manufacturer or consumers' environmental responsibility is sufficiently high, the retail price is higher in retailer‐managed collection than manufacturer‐managed collection.
Time to Functional Loss as an Endpoint in Huntington's Disease Trials: Enrichment and Sample Size
Authors: Mills James A. , Long Jeffrey D. , Vaidya Jatin G. , Gantman Emily C. , Sathe Swati , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Sampaio Cristina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical trial scenarios can be modeled using data from observational studies, providing critical information for design of real‐world trials. The Huntington's Disease Integrated Staging System (HD‐ISS) characterizes disease progression over an individual's lifespan and allows for flexibility in the design of trials with the goal of delaying progression. Enrichment methods can be applied to the HD‐ISS to identify subgroups requiring smaller estimated sample sizes.ObjectiveInvestigate time to the event of functional decline (HD‐ISS Stage 3) as an endpoint for trials in HD and present sample size estimates after enrichment.MethodsWe classified individuals from observational studies according to the HD‐ISS. We assessed the ability of the prognostic index normed (PIN) and its components to predict time to HD‐ISS Stage 3. For enrichment, we formed groups from deciles of the baseline PIN distribution for HD‐ISS Stage 2 participants. We selected enrichment subgroups closer to Stage 3 transition and estimated sample sizes, using delay in the transition time as the effect size.ResultsIn predicting time to HD‐ISS Stage 3, PIN outperforms its components. Survival curves for each PIN decile show that groups with PIN from 1.48 to 2.74 have median time to Stage 3 of approximately 2 years and these are combined to create enrichment subgroups. Sample size estimates are presented by enrichment subgroup.ConclusionsPIN is predictive of functional decline. A delay of 9 months or more in the transition to Stage 3 for an enriched sample yields feasible sample size estimates, demonstrating that this approach can aid in planning future trials. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by homozygosity of a c.172+1G>C variant in the WWOX gene
Authors: You Yang , Wu Wenjuan , Du Yakun , Hu Jintong , Li Baoguang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundVariations in the WWOX gene have been identified as the leading cause of several central nervous system disorders. However, most previous reports have focused on the description of clinical phenotype, neglecting functional verification. Herein, we presented a case of a patient with developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) caused by WWOX gene variation.Case PresentationOur patient was a 13‐month‐old girl with abnormal facial features, including facial hypotonia, arched eyebrows, a broad nose, and a depressed nasal bridge. She also had sparse and yellow hair, a low anterior hairline, and a short neck. Before the age of 8 months, she was suffering from mild seizures. Her developmental delay gradually worsened, and she suffered infantile spasms. After treatment with vigabatrin, seizures subsided. WWOX gene homozygous variation c.172+1G>C was identified using whole exome sequencing. Further minigene assay confirmed that the variation site affected splicing, causing protein truncation and affecting its function.ConclusionClinical phenotype and minigene results suggest that WWOX gene homozygous variation c.172+1G>C can cause severe DEE. We also concluded that vigabatrin can effectively treat seizures.
Neural network models based on clinical characteristics for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Zhaoxin , Lu Mingjun , Lu Zhendong , Fu Siyun , Wu Yuhua , Tao Hong , Shi Liang , Ma Teng , Wang Jinghui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has been approved as first‐line therapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) due to the survival benefit in randomized controlled trials. However, predicting its efficacy remains a challenge in the absence of currently available biomarkers.MethodsA total of 140 individuals with SCLC who received immunotherapy were evaluated retrospectively. These patients were split into two distinct cohorts, the discovery cohort (80% of the total, n = 112) and the validation cohort (20% of the total, n = 28). The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and responder (progression‐free survival [PFS] > 6 months) were all predicted using neural networks.ResultsWe developed predictive models for three clinical outcomes. ORR scored 0.8964 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the discovery cohort and 0.8421 AUC in the validation cohort. DCR model had AUC of 0.8618 in the discovery cohort and AUC of 0.7396 in the validation cohort. The responder model had AUC of 0.8116 in the discovery cohort and AUC of 0.7041 in the validation cohort. The models were then compressed into a doctor‐friendly tool.ConclusionThese neural network‐based models, which are based on routine clinical characteristics, accurately predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with SCLC, particularly in terms of ORR.
Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression: Impacts on platinum sensitivity and survival outcomes in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Can Behzat , Gül Ezgi Roza , Semiz Hüseyin Salih , Hansu Kemal , Karataşlı Volkan , Sayhan Sevil , Sancı Muzaffer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the impact of patient‐specific factors on the effectiveness of platinum‐based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression levels and platinum sensitivity, and how this influenced treatment outcomes and prognosis. We conducted a survival analysis on patients who underwent surgical treatment for serous ovarian cancer and received platinum‐based adjuvant therapies.MethodsThis study was a retrospective observational analysis of 171 patients with high‐grade serous ovarian cancer. We extracted and analyzed the patients' clinical data, focusing on platinum sensitivity concerning hormone receptor expression. We also assessed survival outcomes based on receptor expression and platinum resistance.ResultsOur findings revealed that 78.4% (n = 134) of the patients were platinum‐sensitive, while 21.6% (n = 37) were platinum‐resistant. The expression of hormone receptors showed significant associations with platinum sensitivity, particularly among ER‐positive patients (p < 0.05). Age, disease stage, preoperative carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels, and residual tumor size were identified as notable factors influencing both progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In terms of PFS, 88.5% of patients remained free from disease progression after one year, but this percentage dropped to 21% after five years. The average duration of PFS was 35.3 months. As for OS, 93.5% of patients were still alive after one year, but this percentage decreased to 50.5% after five years. The average survival duration was 64 months. Furthermore, platinum resistance was found to be a significant risk factor for disease progression, with a more than fivefold increase in risk (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study identified disease stage progression, ER negativity, and platinum resistance as the primary factors influencing OS. We also found that ER and PR expression played a crucial role in determining the sensitivity to platinum‐based chemotherapy in patients with serous ovarian cancer.