bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the 2010 Consensus Recommendations of the Clinical Trial Design Task Force of the NCI Investigational Drug Steering Committee
Authors: Seymour Lesley , Groshen Susan , Rosner Gary L. , Sullivan Daniel M. , Spriggs David R. , Reeves Steven , Gravell Amy , Ivy S. Percy , Ratain Mark J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Oncology phase III trials have a high failure rate, leading to high development costs. The Clinical Trials Design Task Force of the Investigational Drug Steering Committee of the NCI Cancer Therapy and Evaluation Program developed Recommendations regarding the design of phase II trials. We report here on the results of a Concordance Group review charged with documenting whether concordance rates improved after the publication of the Recommendations. One hundred and fifty-five trials were reviewed. Letter of Intents (LOI) from the post-Recommendation period were more likely to be randomized (44% vs. 34%) and biomarker selected (19% vs. 10%). Single-arm studies using time-to-event endpoints (benchmarked against historical data) were similar, as was the type of tumor. There was a significant improvement in the rate of concordance, with 74% of LOIs scored as concordant compared with 58% before the Recommendations (P = 0.042). This included a marked decrease in the use of single-arm designs to evaluate the activity of drug combinations (19% vs. 5%, P = 0.009). There were areas for which clarification was warranted, including the need for protocols to include further development plans, the use of realistic benchmarks, the careful evaluation of historical controls, and the use of a standard treatment option as a control. Ongoing critical evaluation of current trial design methodology and the development of new Guidelines when appropriate will continue to improve drug development ensuring that safe and effective cancer therapeutics are made available to our patients as quickly and efficiently as possible. Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 5057–63. ©2015 AACR.
Fluxos Turísticos Internacionais: uma proposta metodológica de análise sobre os (novos) destinos
Authors: De Pieri Vitor Stuart Gabriel 
Published: November 2015

Esse artigo pretende, através da criação de categorias quantitativas, baseadas nos dados oficiais da Organização Mundial de Turismo de chegadas de turistas por país de 2009 a 2011, analisar os fluxos do turismo internacional, identificando os polos de turismo consolidados e apontando os destinos mais emergentes. Nesse sentido, o trabalho divide-se em quatro partes, a partir de diferentes recortes espaciais. A primeira delas busca-se, por meio das macro-divisões subcontinentais da OMT, apontar e entender as regiões mais dinâmicas do turismo internacional. Posteriormente, como segundo recorte, é feita uma análise por subcontinente, onde os principais destinos nessa escala são analisados, revelando-se assim, diversas questões regionais não apontadas numa perspectiva global. Como terceira etapa, são levantados os principais destinos turísticos internacionais, classificando-os progressivamente em: Importantes Destinos Regionais; Pequenos Destinos; Médios Destinos; Grandes Destinos; Super-destinos; e Hiper-destinos. Finalmente, na última etapa do trabalho são analisados os destinos e novos destinos internacionais, classificados em estáveis e instáveis segundo a proposta de Amplitude Turística, que leva em consideração aspectos políticos, econômicos, sociais, culturais e físico-ambientais de cada país. Palavras-chave: Turismo Internacional, Fluxos Turísticos, (Novos) Destinos
Evaluating the Sensitivity of Agricultural Model Performance to Different Climate Inputs
Authors: Glotter Michael J. , Moyer Elisabeth J. , Ruane Alex C. , Elliott Joshua W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProjections of future food production necessarily rely on models, which must themselves be validated through historical assessments comparing modeled and observed yields. Reliable historical validation requires both accurate agricultural models and accurate climate inputs. Problems with either may compromise the validation exercise. Previous studies have compared the effects of different climate inputs on agricultural projections but either incompletely or without a ground truth of observed yields that would allow distinguishing errors due to climate inputs from those intrinsic to the crop model. This study is a systematic evaluation of the reliability of a widely used crop model for simulating U.S. maize yields when driven by multiple observational data products. The parallelized Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (pDSSAT) is driven with climate inputs from multiple sources—reanalysis, reanalysis that is bias corrected with observed climate, and a control dataset—and compared with observed historical yields. The simulations show that model output is more accurate when driven by any observation-based precipitation product than when driven by non-bias-corrected reanalysis. The simulations also suggest, in contrast to previous studies, that biased precipitation distribution is significant for yields only in arid regions. Some issues persist for all choices of climate inputs: crop yields appear to be oversensitive to precipitation fluctuations but undersensitive to floods and heat waves. These results suggest that the most important issue for agricultural projections may be not climate inputs but structural limitations in the crop models themselves.
Antarctic Sea Ice Response to Weather and Climate Modes of Variability*
Authors: Kohyama Tsubasa , Hartmann Dennis L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The relationship between climate modes and Antarctic sea ice is explored by separating the variability into intraseasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales. Cross-spectral analysis shows that geopotential height and Antarctic sea ice extent are most coherent at periods between about 20 and 40 days (the intraseasonal time scale). In this period range, where the atmospheric circulation and the sea ice extent are most tightly coupled, sea ice variability responds strongly to Rossby waves with the structure of the Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern. The PSA pattern in this time scale is not directly related to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the southern annular mode (SAM), which have received much attention for explaining Antarctic sea ice variability. On the interannual time scale, ENSO and SAM are important, but a large fraction of sea ice variance can also be explained by Rossby wave–like structures in the Drake Passage region. After regressing out the sea ice extent variability associated with ENSO, the observed positive sea ice trends in Ross Sea and Indian Ocean during the satellite era become statistically insignificant. Regressing out SAM makes the sea ice trend in the Indian Ocean insignificant. Thus, the positive trends in sea ice in the Ross Sea and the Indian Ocean sectors may be explained by the variability and decadal trends of known interannual climate modes.
The Challenge of Using Future SWOT Data for Oceanic Field Reconstruction
Authors: Gaultier Lucile , Ubelmann Clément , Fu Lee-Lueng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractConventional altimetry measures a one-dimensional profile of sea surface height (SSH) along the satellite track. Two-dimensional SSH can be reconstructed using mapping techniques; however, the spatial resolution is quite coarse even when data from several altimeters are analyzed. A new satellite mission based on radar interferometry is scheduled to be launched in 2020. This mission, called Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), will measure SSH at high resolution along a wide swath, thus providing two-dimensional images of the ocean surface topography. This new capability will provide a large amount of data even though they are contaminated with instrument noise and geophysical errors. This paper presents a tool that simulates synthetic observations of SSH from the future SWOT mission using SSH from any ocean general circulation model (OGCM). SWOT-like data have been generated from a high-resolution model and analyzed to investigate the sampling and accuracy characteristics of the future SWOT data. This tool will help explore new ideas and methods for optimizing the retrieval of information from future SWOT missions.
Combined Subscapularis Tears in Massive Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Chung Seok Won , Lee Seoung-Joon , Cho Hyoung-Weon , Lee Jae Hyung , Lee Jun-Hee , Oh Kyung-Soo 
Published: November 2015

Background: Previous studies on massive rotator cuff tears have not addressed the outcomes of tears extending to the subscapularis tendon. Hypothesis: The retear rate in patients with a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear combined with a subscapularis tear is higher than that in patients with a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear with an intact subscapularis tendon. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were collected and analyzed from 92 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the status of the subscapularis tendon: intact subscapularis tendon (I-massive tear; n = 42), tear involving half or less than half of the subscapularis tendon (S-massive tear; n = 22), and tear involving more than half of the subscapularis tendon (L-massive tear; n = 28). The integrity of the rotator cuff was determined by ultrasonography at 4.5 and 12 months or later after surgery. Clinical evaluations were performed using the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Constant score, and active shoulder range of motion. Data were collected on the day before surgery and at final follow-up (at least 24 months postoperatively). Results: A total of 25 retears (27%) were identified based on an ultrasonographic evaluation. Although statistical significance was not found, there was a trend toward a higher retear rate in patients with an L-massive tear (43%) compared with those with an S-massive tear (18%; P = .050) or I-massive tear (21%; P = .059) at final follow-up. The subclassification of retears according to the involved tendons revealed that subsequent retears of the subscapularis tendon were noted only in patients with an L-massive tear. In patients with an L-massive tear, postoperative data comparison between patients with intact subscapularis tendons and those with failed subscapularis tendons revealed that a significant difference was noted in the VAS (1.1 vs 3.8, respectively) and ASES (90.6 vs 58.5, respectively) scores. The improvement in clinical scores after repair was statistically significant in all groups but not different between the groups. Conclusion: The arthroscopic repair of massive tears results in substantial improvements in shoulder function, regardless of the presence of combined subscapularis tears. However, this study showed a trend toward a high failure rate for the repair of massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears extending over half of the subscapularis tendon. Therefore, other treatment options should also be considered for this type of rotator cuff tear.
The Coracohumeral Distance in Shoulders With Traumatic and Degenerative Subscapularis Tendon Tears
Authors: Balke Maurice , Banerjee Marc , Greshake Oliver , Hoeher Juergen , Bouillon Bertil , Liem Dennis 
Published: November 2015

Background: A reduced coracohumeral distance (CHD) is thought to be responsible for subcoracoid impingement. This only accounts for degenerative tendon tears. In traumatic tears, the subcoracoid space should be normal. Hypothesis: The CHD in patients with traumatic subscapularis tendon tears is larger than that in patients with degenerative tears and does not differ from patients with an intact subscapularis tendon. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 83 patients with arthroscopically certified subscapularis tendon tears were included in the study. Forty-four patients had degenerative causes (group 1), and 39 had traumatic causes (group 2). The control group consisted of 20 patients with traumatic supraspinatus tendon tears and arthroscopically proven, intact subscapularis tendons (group 3). On preoperative axial magnetic resonance imaging, the distance between the CHD was measured, and the values of the 3 groups were compared using the t test. Results: The mean (±SD) CHD in patients with degenerative subscapularis tendon tears was 8.6 ± 2.0 mm (range, 4.0-13.2 mm) and was significantly ( P = .0003) smaller than that in patients with traumatic tears (10.2 ± 2.0 mm; range, 6.6-16.2 mm) or controls (10.4 ± 1.8 mm; range, 6.8-14.0 mm). The CHD of controls and patients with traumatic tears did not differ significantly ( P = .7875). A CHD of less than 6 mm only occurred in patients with degenerative subscapularis tendon tears. Conclusion: The hypothesis that the CHD in patients with degenerative subscapularis tendon tears is significantly smaller than that in patients with traumatic tears or intact subscapularis tendons was confirmed. The CHD in patients with traumatic tears does not differ from that in controls. A CHD of less than 6 mm only occurs in patients with degenerative subscapularis tendon tears.
Trade union membership and power in comparative perspective
Authors: Kelly John 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe trade union movement around the world remains in the throes of a prolonged and deep decline, whether measured by membership and density, bargaining power in relation to employers or political influence over the ubiquitous neoliberal narrative that underpins the policies of many governments. Decline has not been arrested or reversed by the many strategic initiatives undertaken in recent years such as organising campaigns or coalition building, although it is possible that the state of the unions would be even more parlous if these initiatives had not been pursued. Against this bleak backcloth, there are some positive signs: unions representing specific occupations, such as school teachers, nurses and airline pilots, have retained high levels of density; and union confederations in many parts of Europe have launched successful general strikes against unpopular government reforms to pensions and welfare benefits. Unions need to position themselves as agencies that can help deal with the growing problems of wage stagnation, low wages, income inequality and insufficient economic demand. That in turn requires a coherent challenge to the dominant neoliberal narrative.
The struggle to improve schools
Authors: Msila Vuyisile 
Published: November 2015

There have been constant debates on how to improve school leadership in South Africa. This has emanated from numerous research findings locally and internationally that demonstrate that schools will be as effective as the people who are at their helm. The national Zenex/Advanced Certificate in Education research findings have also claimed that mentoring of school leaders has great potential to sustain effective schools. The idea of formal mentoring is fairly new in South African schools but its popularity is growing widely. This qualitative study focused on the experiences of five mentors who mentored five principals. There was only one historically white school in the study. Two of these principals are principals in historically black schools, one from a rural school and one from a farm school – all these schools are situated in KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. The results demonstrate that whilst the mentors highlighted room for improvement in the current incipient practice of formal mentoring, they displayed optimism for the future of schools whose leaders are mentored. They also maintained that effective mentoring builds confidence and commitment among school leaders.
ATR inhibition induces synthetic lethality and overcomes chemoresistance in TP53- or ATM-defective chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Kwok Marwan , Davies Nicholas , Agathanggelou Angelo , Smith Edward , Oldreive Ceri , Petermann Eva , Stewart Grant , Brown Jeff , Lau Alan , Pratt Guy , Parry Helen , Taylor Malcolm , Moss Paul , Hillmen Peter , Stankovic Tatjana 
Published: November 2015

Key PointsATR inhibition is synthetically lethal to TP53- or ATM-defective CLL cells. ATR targeting induces selective cytotoxicity and chemosensitization in TP53- or ATM-defective CLL cells in vitro and in vivo.
Umbilical cord blood–derived T regulatory cells to prevent GVHD: kinetics, toxicity profile, and clinical effect
Authors: Brunstein Claudio G. , Miller Jeffrey S. , McKenna David H. , Hippen Keli L. , DeFor Todd E. , Sumstad Darin , Curtsinger Julie , Verneris Michael R. , MacMillan Margaret L. , Levine Bruce L. , Riley James L. , June Carl H. , Le Chap , Weisdorf Daniel J. , McGlave Philip B. , Blazar Bruce R. , Wagner John E. 
Published: November 2015

Key Points
KT64/86 artificial antigen–presenting cells culture stimulation provides marked expansion of Tregs. In the context of sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppression, adoptive transfer of Tregs resulted in low risk of acute GVHD.
The causal effect of the great recession on childlessness of white American women
Authors: Comolli Chiara Ludovica , Bernardi Fabrizio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany studies have documented a negative association between macroeconomic indicators and fertility in times of economic crisis. These studies are based on research designs that do not allow for excluding that the observed association is driven by confounders. The aim of the present paper is to estimate the causal effect of the Great Recession on cohorts’ childlessness in the United States. We apply a difference-in-difference approach to the probability of childlessness in two pseudo-cohorts of white women who entered the age of 34–36 years old being childless before the crisis, in 2004, and at the onset of the crisis, in 2007. Our identification strategy relies on the assumption that these two adjacent cohorts of women differ only because the latter cohort lived some critical years of reproductive life during the Great Recession period. We then study how many childless women aged 34–36 had a child when they were 37–39, between the years 2004 and 2007 for the control group and between the years 2007 and 2010 for the treatment group. We argue that an increase of childlessness at the age 37–39 is likely to lead to an increase in permanent childlessness, since major catch-up processes are unlikely after age 40. We replicate the analysis on two datasets: the American Community Survey and the Fertility Supplement of the Current Population Survey. Our findings suggest that the Great Recession has had a positive, though mild, effect on childlessness of white women at about the age of 40 in the US.JEL codes:Z0, J1, J110, J130, C21*
The Impact of Privacy Regulation and Technology Incentives: The Case of Health Information Exchanges
Authors: Adjerid Idris , Acquisti Alessandro , Telang Rahul , Padman Rema , Adler-Milstein Julia 
Published: November 2015

Health information exchanges (HIEs) are healthcare information technology efforts designed to foster coordination of patient care across the fragmented U.S. healthcare system. Their purpose is to improve efficiency and quality of care through enhanced sharing of patient data. Across the United States, numerous states have enacted laws that provide various forms of incentives for HIEs and address growing privacy concerns associated with the sharing of patient data. We investigate the impact on the emergence of HIEs of state laws that incentivize HIE efforts and state laws that include different types of privacy requirements for sharing healthcare data, focusing on the impact of laws that include requirements for patient consent. Although we observe that privacy regulation alone can result in a decrease in planning and operational HIEs, we also find that, when coupled with incentives, privacy regulation with requirements for patient consent can actually positively impact the development of HIE efforts. Among all states with laws creating HIE incentives, only states that combined incentives with consent requirements saw a net increase in operational HIEs; HIEs in those states also reported decreased levels of privacy concern relative to HIEs in states with other legislative approaches. Our results contribute to the burgeoning literature on health information technology and the debate on the impact of privacy regulation on technology innovation. In particular, they show that the impact of privacy regulation on the success of information technology efforts is heterogeneous: both positive and negative effects can arise from regulation, depending on the specific attributes of privacy laws. This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Comparative Study on Anti-Treaty Shopping – Focused on Beneficial Ownership Theory
Authors: Yoon Seungyoung 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the concept of the traditional qusai-definitions of treaty shopping in an attempt to delineate the outline of such practices. This article also consider the current trends in treaty shopping and the anti-treaty shopping policies in the context of tax treaties, OECD Model Convention, US tax policy and domestic legislation, and its interaction with other domestic anti-abuse rules and judicial doctrines, focusing on recent cases on beneficial ownership. Lastly, this article examines the possible implications of Korean Law on the treaty shopping debate. From a global perspective, specific guidance is needed to harmonize how jurisdictions apply the concept of “beneficial owner” to holding companies. Since the tax authorities throughout the world often refer to OECD Commentary when interpreting Double Tax Conventions, it is critical that the concept of “beneficial owner” be clear and concise so as to avoid confusion and misinterpretation. It should be also noted that the verification of beneficial ownership requirement should be made on a factual basis, to avoid treaty shopping and treaty abuse as it is difficult to establish a general rule.
Competition and Personality in a Restaurant Entry Game
Authors: Bergstrom Theodore , Parendo Shane , Sonstelie Jon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe explore the question of whether personality traits as measured by standard psychological tests are significant explanators of behavior in an entry game. The experimental data and psychological test results come from classroom experiments designed to teach the concepts of short and long run equilibrium in a competitive market. These experiments were conducted in 42 classroom sessions, each with about 35 students.
The Art of Representation in a Globalized World
Authors: Ríos Félix J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Globalization is fast expanding the ways in which the performing arts and entertainment are received around the world. This situation should be analyzed from several perspectives, including technological, economic, artistic, philosophical, historical and social. Given that scientific development does not justify the use and value that has been attributed to the social media that convey artistic information in post-modern societies, the various systems of representation should be described in detail, followed by a critical analysis of social interaction that leads to the performing process. The Olympic Games are among the most viewed sporting events on the planet. Over the years, opening and closing ceremonies have become a complex model of a spectacular show. The opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games is a paradigmatic example.