bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value capture mechanism: R & D productivity comparison of SMEs
Authors: Seo HanGyeol , Chung Yanghon , Chun Dongphil , Woo Chungwon 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine which value capture strategies are efficient in the invention stage and commercialization stage for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approach– According to the characteristic of four primary value capture strategies, the authors categorized the formal-oriented strategy (patent), informal-oriented strategies (secrecy, lead-time), mix strategies (both formal and informal strategies), and whether to invest in complementary assets. In order to assess R & D productivity based on value capture strategy, this paper applied the two-stage data envelopment analysis for data collected from Korea Innovation Survey 2010. The sample was made up of 640 SMEs in manufacturing industry.Findings– The results suggest that informal strategy (secrecy, lead-time) is efficient in the invention stage. Furthermore, mixed use of formal (patent) and informal strategies results in higher productivity in the commercialization stage. Lastly, the results suggest that productivity may vary depending on the investment in complementary assets. Whereas the investment in complementary assets may reduce R & D productivity at the invention stage, it may increase the productivity at the subsequent commercialization stage.Research limitations/implications– This paper did not consider external conditions such as institutional environment, industry characteristics and complexity of technology, as possible factors affecting their firm performance that need future studies.Practical implications– For practitioners, the results seem to stress that should be good at combining value capture strategies in order to capture financial performance from the invention.Originality/value– This study is a novel attempt to analyze R & D productivity in terms of each value capture strategy throughout the two stages: invention stage; commercialization stage.
Drivers of technology commercialization and performance in SMEs
Authors: Park Taekyung , Ryu Dongwoo 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs’) R & D capability and learning capability on their technology commercialization by focussing on the moderating effect of environmental dynamism.Design/methodology/approach– Based on a review of the literature on organizational capability, technology commercialization, and environmental dynamism, various hypotheses were developed and tested using a sample of 179 SMEs in Korea. Non-response bias usingt-test and common method bias was assessed.Findings– The results indicate that their R & D capability and learning capability were significant drivers of their technology commercialization, which in turn influenced their business performance. Environmental dynamism was found to moderate the relationship between technology commercialization and business outcomes. These results suggest that SME managers should place greater emphasis on strengthening their organizational capability and dealing with turbulent business environments.Originality/value– Few studies have explored the drivers of technology commercialization and their effects on business performance. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study examines the effects of firms’ R & D capability and learning capability on technology commercialization in the context of SMEs, focussing specifically on the moderating effect of environmental dynamism. The study contributes to the literature by extending the research horizon to firms’ technology commercialization capability, providing a better understanding of the pivotal role of technology commercialization and its key drivers and environmental factors in boosting performance.
Analysis of incentive effects of managers’ bonuses on real activities manipulation relevant to future operating performance
Authors: Moradi Mahdi , Salehi Mahdi , Zamanirad Mohammad 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of managers’ incentive bonuses on both accrual and real earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the authors investigate the relationship between managers’ bonuses and both accrual earnings management (measured by a modified Jones model) and real earnings management (measured by Roychowdhury proxies). Next, the authors examine whether management has any preferences for earnings management methods to enhance its bonuses. Finally, the authors investigate the possible effects of earnings management on future operating performance. The sample consists of compositional data in the period from 2006 to 2012.

Findings
– The authors find a negative relationship between real earnings management and managers’ bonuses and detect that managers prefer to use accrual earnings management to earn more bonuses. The results also show that real earnings management will reduce a firm’s performance in future periods, and on the other hand that increasing managers’ bonuses links to improvement of the firm’s future performance. The results suggest that managers are typically aware of the negative effects of real earnings management on the firm’s future performance and thus prefer to improve the firm’s performance in securing their bonuses when their ability to manage accruals is constrained.

Originality/value
– The implications of this paper provide further evidence on how managers’ bonuses affect their discretion in using accrual and real earnings management. This finding is important to investors and regulators.
Clusters, technological knowledge spillovers, and performance
Authors: Liao Tsai-Ju 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the cluster effect by decomposing the broad category of “clusters” into cluster size and technological knowledge spillovers. Further, this study questions whether all foreign firms benefit equally from participation in geographic clusters. Specifically, the paper examines the moderating roles of local ownership ties and a local market orientation with respect to the benefits of cluster size and technological knowledge spillover.Design/methodology/approach– Using the Database of Enterprises in China, this study examines a sample of 2,200 Taiwanese manufacturing firms operating in China from 2005 to 2007.Findings– The paper found that increased cluster size and technological knowledge spillovers help to enhance foreign firms’ financial performance. The analysis also shows that local ownership ties and a local market orientation have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between cluster size, technological knowledge spillovers, and performance.Originality/value– This study distinguishes between the effects of cluster size and technological knowledge spillovers, which is an important step toward demystifying the “black box” of cluster benefits. Further, due to the liability of foreignness and the lack of legitimacy that foreign firms face when operating in emerging economies, this study integrates the cluster perspective and the legitimacy perspective to discuss whether foreign firms can actively adopt strategic behaviors that will help to improve their legitimacy and enable them to better capture potential cluster benefits.
Dietary habits and anthropometric indices among patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Mohtadinia Javad , Abedimanesh Nasim , Golzar Solmaz Nomi , Analoii Mina 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to determine the comparison between dietary habits and intakes and also anthropometric indices among adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. MDD is a common psychiatric disorder with high prevalence in the world which imposes great economic pressure on the society and also the individual. Nutritional factors affect depressive symptoms by different mechanisms, so dietary modification would be inexpensive and somewhat conceivable.

Design/methodology/approach
– This pilot case – control study was performed on 30 MDD patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the patients were recorded. Dietary intake and food habits were assessed by food records and using the food frequency questionnaire, respectively. Variables were compared between two groups using the independent t-test or Mann – Whitney test.

Findings
– Nutrient intake (except for copper and vitamin D) was significantly higher among healthy subjects when compared to the MDD patients. Daily frequency of food consumption was significantly low among depressed patients in comparison to healthy participants in all seven food groups, except the bread and cereals group. Healthy subjects consumed more fish, about once during two months of a year, while this number was low for MDD patients.

Originality/value
– The results of this case – control study revealed that dietary habits and consequently micronutrient and macronutrient intakes were significantly different between healthy and MDD patients.
Effects of UV light on the physic-chemical properties of yerba-mate
Authors: Lewinski Cleomara Salete , Gonçalves Itamar Luís , Piovezan Borges Ana Cláudia , Dartora Nessana , de Souza Lauro Mera , Valduga Alice Teresa 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on the color, secondary metabolites and sensory acceptance of processed yerba-mate.

Design/methodology/approach
– Samples were exposed to UV light for 72 hours. The colorimetric coordinates (L*, a* and b*) were analyzed every 6 hours, while secondary metabolites and sensory acceptance were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds were quantified by ultra performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detectors and vegetable pigments by UV/visible spectrophotometry.

Findings
– Decreases in methylxanthines, rutin and isomers of chlorogenic acids were found, along with an increase in isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acids. The product showed less sensory acceptance compared to the control. These results show that UV light treatment of yerba-mate accelerates the maturation process.

Practical implications
– UV light can be used in yerba-mate maturation with a reduction time and can ensure microbiological safety with small changes in its phytochemical profile.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first report of a novel strategy to investigate the yerba-mate maturation using UV light.
A study of the characteristics of Dongchimi consumption behavior for development of new Dongchimi products
Authors: Cho Joo-Hyung , Oh Moon-Hyang , Ryu Kisang , Choi Jin-Ju , Chung Chang-Ho 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to identify consumer preferences before Dongchimi products are commercialized and brought to the market. It provides basic data for research and development of Dongchimi products, examining consumer preferences for general products and purchase intentions based on eating-out behavior, dietary lifestyle and demographic characteristics. Finally, the study examined male and female consumers more than 18 years old who have eaten Dongchimi, particularly their consumption behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study was based on preliminary in-depth interviews of consumers to investigate consumer Dongchimi consumption behavior. The authors examined their demographic characteristics, dining-out behavior, dietary lifestyles, how often they buy pickled products and the circumstances in which they consume Dongchimi products. Various statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 18.0, including frequency analysis of the general characteristics of subjects, chi-square test for difference verification as well as factor analysis and cluster analyses.

Findings
– More than half of the respondents eat Dongchimi products only once or twice every six months or once or twice a year. Consumers prefer Dongchimi’s glass bottle packaging with two to three servings of white radish, the original version of Dongchimi. Furthermore, cross-analysis comparing purchase intentions of Dongchimi products among clusters revealed significant differences (χ2 = 212.58, df = 2, p < 0.001). The group most concerned with taste and diet showed 100 per cent purchase intention. However, the group most interested in convenience showed only 50 per cent purchase intention for Dongchimi products. The group primarily concerned with health showed little intention to purchase.

Originality/value
– Food scholars have investigated consumption behaviors of domestic consumers in developing kimchi products, but research on Dongchimi is lacking, especially of consumption behaviors by actual consumers. Using certain determinants (marital status, expense of dining out, frequency of buying pickled products and food-related lifestyle), the authors analyzed the purchasing intentions of consumers of Dongchimi products. The results show that married consumers who spend heavily on dining out and purchase pickled foods frequently, but who are also concerned about taste and diet, were those with the highest intention to purchase Dongchimi products.
Never had it so good? Boom time for older people
Authors: Hanton Angus , Emerson Liz 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Increasing longevity, while welcome, has far-reaching implications for the social contract between generations. These include eye-watering costs for health and social care, intense pressure on the old-age dependency ratio, changing power relations in politics and voting, and increasing pressure on in-work families. In a period of austerity, policy makers have chosen to protect older generations’ benefits and paid for this by slashing benefits for the young, in spite of growing evidence that wealth distribution has changed with older generations becoming wealthier than once thought. The paper concludes that age alone can no longer be used as a proxy for need. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This discussion paper uses original quantitative research and analysis undertaken by the Intergenerational Foundation (IF) (www.if.org.uk) which includes Freedom of Information requests to government departments. It brings together the think tank's research into demographics, ageing, policy, government debt and liabilities, benefit reform and spending patters in order to investigate the changing distribution of wealth across the generations.

Findings
– It is clear that with changing distributions of wealth that age alone can no longer be used as a proxy for need. While older generations are becoming wealthier younger generations are becoming increasingly burdened by debt, with poorer prospects and being asked to maintain the current status quo.

Originality/value
– The paper contains original research conducted by the IF (www.if.org.uk) into spending patterns across the generations and annual public sector pensions.
An age of opportunity for the voluntary sector
Authors: Berry Lynne 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to put the issue of ageing on the agenda of the English voluntary sector; to support the development of strategies about resourcing, supporting, governing and making relevant the voluntary sector for the next 20 years.

Design/methodology/approach
– An independent Commission hosted by New Philanthropy Capital and the International Longevity Centre, funded by the Big Lottery and the Prudential Methodology: issuing a discussion paper, created by the Commissioners and based on futures work and an evidence review; holding national and international seminars and conferences.

Findings
– Our ageing society has the potential to lead the voluntary sector into a viable future by building bridges between generations and communities, by expanding the resources available to it through rethinking its workforce, both paid and unpaid, by inspiring and delivering a more integrated and committed sense of social obligations and mutuality – if it embraces “The Age of Opportunity”.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a policy and practice led review with implications for the UK voluntary sector, its role in society and its resourcing.

Practical implications
– The Commission on the Voluntary Sector & Ageing takes as its basic premise that if we can grasp the potential, we can invest the skills and resources available to us to create a thriving, relevant and creative place for the voluntary sector and civil society. The Commission is setting a challenge to charities and social enterprises. The authors want them to rethink their work so that they can help make Britain a great place to grow old and one that encourages reciprocity between generations and over a lifetime.

Social implications
– A more integrated and mutually empowering society that builds on an asset-based model of ageing.

Originality/value
– The work of the Commission has never been done before and has been seen as creating an opportunity for rethinking the role, purpose and potential of the voluntary sector.
Work, pensions and poverty: a better deal under the next government
Authors: Turner Claire 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how the next government could develop a better deal in relation to work, pensions and poverty. The paper argues that given the changing face of poverty, the next government should focus on creating better jobs if it is really to encourage people to work longer and save more for retirement. Furthermore, it could do more to support those who are currently under-saving for retirement.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on evidence from a number of recent qualitative and quantitative JRF research reports and government statistical data.

Findings
– The paper suggests policy recommendations for the next government focused on creating better jobs and helping those on lower incomes increase their pension pots. This includes: ensuring that the minimum wages is set with regard to the changing price of essentials and changing average earnings; raising awareness of the Living Wage and playing a leadership role; industrial strategies for low paid sectors; mid-life career reviews and increased rights for those aged 60 and over; the redistribution of tax relief on pension contributions and the auto-escalation of workplace pensions.

Originality/value
– This paper looks at the issue of an ageing society, work and pensions through a poverty lens.
Connecting a sociology of childhood perspective with the study of child health, illness and wellbeing: introduction
Authors: Brady Geraldine , Lowe Pam , Olin Lauritzen Sonja 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the last decades we have seen a growing interest in research into children's own experiences and understandings of health and illness. This development, we would argue, is much stimulated by the sociology of childhood which has drawn our attention to how children as a social group are placed and perceived within the structure of society, and within inter‐generational relations, as well as how children are social agents and co‐constructors of their social world. Drawing on this tradition, we here address some cross‐cutting themes that we think are important to further the study of child health: situating children within health policy, drawing attention to practices around children's health and well‐being and a focus on children as health actors. The paper contributes to a critical analysis of child health policy and notions of child health and normality, pointing to theoretical and empirical research potential for the sociology of children's health and illness.
Innovative Uses of Milk Protein Concentrates in Product Development
Authors: Agarwal Shantanu , Beausire Robert L. W. , Patel Sonia , Patel Hasmukh 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMilk protein concentrates (MPCs) are complete dairy proteins (containing both caseins and whey proteins) that are available in protein concentrations ranging from 42% to 85%. As the protein content of MPCs increases, the lactose levels decrease. MPCs are produced by ultrafiltration or by blending different dairy ingredients. Although ultrafiltration is the preferred method for producing MPCs, they also can be produced by precipitating the proteins out of milk or by dry‐blending the milk proteins with other milk components. MPCs are used for their nutritional and functional properties. For example, MPC is high in protein content and averages approximately 365 kcal/100 g. Higher‐protein MPCs provide protein enhancement and a clean dairy flavor without adding significant amounts of lactose to food and beverage formulations. MPCs also contribute valuable minerals, such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, to formulations, which may reduce the need for additional sources of these minerals. MPCs are multifunctional ingredients and provide benefits, such as water binding, gelling, foaming, emulsification, and heat stability. This article will review the development of MPCs and milk protein isolates including their composition, production, development, functional benefits, and ongoing research. The nutritional and functional attributes of MPCs are discussed in some detail in relation to their application as ingredients in major food categories.
Overexpression and optimization of glutamate decarboxylase in Lactobacillus plantarum Taj‐Apis362 for high gamma‐aminobutyric acid production
Authors: Tajabadi Naser , Baradaran Ali , Ebrahimpour Afshin , Rahim Raha A. , Bakar Fatimah A. , Manap Mohd Yazid A. , Mohammed Abdulkarim S. , Saari Nazamid 
Published: March 2015

SummaryGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important bioactive compound biosynthesized by microorganisms through decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In this study, a full‐length GAD gene was obtained by cloning the template deoxyribonucleic acid to pTZ57R/T vector. The open reading frame of the GAD gene showed the cloned gene was composed of 1410 nucleotides and encoded a 469 amino acids protein. To improve the GABA‐production, the GAD gene was cloned into pMG36e‐LbGAD, and then expressed in Lactobacillus plantarum Taj‐Apis362 cells. The overexpression was confirmed by SDS‐PAGE and GAD activity, showing a 53 KDa protein with the enzyme activity increased by sevenfold compared with the original GAD activity. The optimal fermentation conditions for GABA production established using response surface methodology were at glutamic acid concentration of 497.973 mM, temperature 36°C, pH 5.31 and time 60 h. Under the conditions, maximum GABA concentration obtained (11.09 mM) was comparable with the predicted value by the model at 11.23 mM. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful cloning (clone‐back) and overexpression of the LbGAD gene from L. plantarum to L. plantarum cells. The recombinant Lactobacillus could be used as a starter culture for direct incorporation into a food system during fermentation for production of GABA‐rich products.