bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping short association fibre connectivity up to V3 in the human brain in vivo
Authors: Movahedian Attar Fakhereh , Kirilina Evgeniya , Haenelt Daniel , Trampel Robert , Pine Kerrin J , Edwards Luke J , Weiskopf Nikolaus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Short association fibres (SAF) are the most abundant fibre pathways in the human white matter. Until recently, SAF could not be mapped comprehensively in vivo because diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging with sufficiently high spatial resolution needed to map these thin and short pathways was not possible. Recent developments in acquisition hardware and sequences allowed us to create a dedicated in vivo method for mapping the SAF based on sub-millimetre spatial resolution diffusion weighted tractography, which we validated in the human primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual cortex against the expected SAF retinotopic order. Here, we extended our original study to assess the feasibility of the method to map SAF in higher cortical areas by including SAF up to V3. Our results reproduced the expected retinotopic order of SAF in the V2–V3 and V1–V3 stream, demonstrating greater robustness to the shorter V1–V2 and V2–V3 than the longer V1–V3 connections. The demonstrated ability of the method to map higher-order SAF connectivity patterns in vivo is an important step towards its application across the brain.
Adjunctive Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin to Prevent Cryptococcal Meningitis in People With HIV–Associated Cryptococcal Antigenemia and Low Plasma Cryptococcal Antigen Titers
Authors: Meya David B , Nalintya Elizabeth , Skipper Caleb P , Kirumira Paul , Ayebare Peruth , Naluyima Rose , Namuli Teopista , Turya Fred , Walukaga Stewart , Engen Nicole , Hullsiek Kathy H , Wele Abduljewad , Dai Biyue , Boulware David R , Rajasingham Radha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of AIDS-related mortality. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) predicts the development of meningitis. Historically, despite standard- of-care fluconazole, 25%–30% of asymptomatic CrAg-positive persons develop breakthrough meningitis or death. We evaluated whether adding single high-dose liposomal amphotericin B to standard pre-emptive fluconazole therapy could improve meningitis-free survival.

Methods
Participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia in Uganda were randomized to liposomal amphotericin B (10 mg/kg once) with fluconazole or fluconazole alone through 24 weeks. We compared 24-week, meningitis-free survival time between treatment groups. After the second interim review, the Data Safety and Monitoring Board recommended no further enrollment of participants with low plasma CrAg lateral flow assay titers (≤1:80) due to futility. Herein, we present the results of participants with low plasma CrAg titers.

Results
168 participants enrolled into the ACACIA trial had low plasma CrAg titers (≤1:80). During 24 weeks of follow-up, meningitis or death occurred in 14.5% (12/83) of participants randomized to liposomal amphotericin B with fluconazole versus 10.6% (9/85) assigned to fluconazole alone (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, .60–3.36; P = .431). Adverse events were more frequent in participants assigned to the intervention versus standard-of-care (28% vs 12%; P = .011).

Conclusions
Among CrAg-positive persons with low titers (≤1:80), the addition of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B to fluconazole as pre-emptive therapy provided no additional clinical benefit. This trial provides supportive evidence that, in asymptomatic populations with low plasma CrAg titers, lumbar punctures are likely unnecessary as administration of meningitis treatment did not improve outcomes.

Clinical Trials Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03945448).
Bone-active drugs in premenopausal women with breast cancer under hormone-deprivation therapies
Authors: Birtolo Maria Francesca , Pedersini Rebecca , Palermo Andrea , Vena Walter , Morenghi Emanuela , Cristofolini Giacomo , Presciuttini Barbara , Tabacco Gaia , Naciu Anda Mihaela , Pigni Stella , Laganà Marta , Mazzoleni Federica , Cosentini Deborah , Ciafardini Antea , Pagani Mauro , Farina Davide , Balzarini Luca , Zambelli Alberto , Torrisi Rosalba , Cianferotti Luisella , Napoli Nicola , Bossi Antonio Carlo , Lania Andrea Gerardo , Berruti Alfredo , Mazziotti Gherardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Bone health management in premenopausal women with breast cancer (BC) under hormone-deprivation therapies (HDTs) is often challenging, and the effectiveness of bone-active drugs is still unknown.

Methods
This retrospective multicenter study included 306 premenopausal women with early BC undergoing HDTs. Bone mineral density (BMD) and morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) were assessed 12 months after HDT initiation and then after at least 24 months.

Results
After initial assessment, bone-active drugs were prescribed in 77.5% of women (151 denosumab 60 mg/6 months, 86 bisphosphonates). After 47.0 ± 20.1 months, new VFs were found in 16 women (5.2%). Vertebral fracture risk was significantly associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.87, P = .028), family history of hip fractures or VFs (OR 3.21, P = .040], chemotherapy-induced menopause (OR 6.48, P &lt; .001), preexisting VFs (OR 25.36, P &lt; .001), baseline T-score less than or equal to −2.5 standard deviation (SD) at any skeletal site (OR 4.14, P = .036), and changes at lumbar and total hip BMD (OR 0.94, P = .038 and OR 0.88, P &lt; .001, respectively). New VFs occurred more frequently in women untreated compared to those treated with bone-active drugs (14/69, 20.8% vs 2/237, 0.8%; P &lt; .001) and the anti-fracture effectiveness remained significant after correction for BMI (OR 0.03; P &lt; .001), family history of fractures (OR 0.03; P &lt; .001), chemotherapy-induced menopause (OR 0.04; P &lt; .001), and preexisting VFs (OR 0.01; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Premenopausal women under HDTs are at high risk of VFs in relationship with high BMI, densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis, preexisting VFs, and family history of osteoporotic fractures. Vertebral fractures in this setting might be effectively prevented by bisphosphonates or denosumab.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from China
Authors: Chen Xin , Hu Zhe , Lei Cheng-Bao , Zheng Qi-Dong , Wang Xiao-Long , Beaney Thomas , Janssen-Telders Carolina , Poulter Neil R , Li Yan , Wang Ji-Guang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We reported findings from participants screened during the May Measurement Month 2021 in China, which aimed to raise awareness of raised blood pressure (BP), and to investigate the risk factors of BP. The study participants were adults (≥18 years), ideally in whom BP had not been measured in the previous year. Blood pressure was measured three times consecutively with 1 min intervals in the sitting position, using a validated upper-arm cuff automated BP monitor (Omron HEM-7081IT), and transmitted to a central cloud database via a smartphone app. The measurement was performed in 218 844 participants in 183 sites across 31 China provinces. The mean (standard deviation) age was 47.0 (15.7) years, and 51.8% (n = 113 466) were women. The mean systolic/diastolic BP was 120.2/77.5 mmHg. Among 57 178 (26.1%) participants with hypertension, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were 30.4% (n = 17 354), 28.7% (n = 16 369), and 17.1% (n = 9743), respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and use of antihypertensive medication, both systolic and diastolic BP were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher in current smokers (n = 22 344, +0.4/+0.7 mmHg) and with moderate (n = 4780, +1.4/+4.2 mmHg) or daily alcohol intake (n = 2427, +1.3/+2.5 mmHg). Blood pressure was lower in those reporting regular exercise (n = 32 328, −2.2/−1.4 mmHg). In addition, individuals with previous COVID-19 vaccination had lower systolic and diastolic BP (n = 88 945, −1.8/−1.5 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that long-term large-scale screening for hypertension is feasible, and there is a strong association between BP and major lifestyle factors.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Bulgaria
Authors: Postadzhiyan Arman , Yotov Yoto , Tisheva-Gospodinova Snejanka , Nikolov Fedya , Ramchev Konstantin , Raev Dimitar , Kiru Gaia , Beaney Thomas , Janssen-Telders Carolina , Poulter Neil R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is not only the leading cause of mortality in Bulgaria, but the associated mortality rate is twice the European Union average, so screening programmes that identify subjects with elevated blood pressure (BP) are of utmost importance. May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global initiative that began in 2017 that aims to raise awareness of high BP. Bulgaria first joined the third campaign of MMM in 2019, and an overview of the results of Bulgarian participation in MMM21 is presented in this paper. Hypertension was defined as receiving BP-lowering medications or having a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. Statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. In Bulgaria, 155 screening sites were set up in primary and secondary care facilities, in pharmacies, and outdoor spaces across 16 administrative districts. Out of 3908 individuals screened, 2896 participants (74.1%) had hypertension. Of 2896 participants with hypertension, 76.4% were on treatment of whom 48.5% had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg). Out of 1696 participants not on antihypertensive medication, 684 (40.3%) had elevated BP. Men were found to have higher rates of undiagnosed hypertension and lower rates of control than women. By identifying almost two-thirds of the whole screened cohort with the possibility of newly diagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension, our results confirm the importance of BP screening.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Australia
Authors: Carnagarin Revathy , Leigh James , Tan Isabella , Gnanenthiran Sonali , Yang Jun , Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Poulter Neil R , Brockman Derrin , Schlaich Markus P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global and national blood pressure (BP) screening campaign initiated by the International Society of Hypertension to improve awareness of BP worldwide. This study reports on the findings of the MMM21 campaign in Australia. Adult participants (≥18 years) were screened through opportunistic sampling across Australia between 1 May and 30 November 2021. Trained volunteers recorded standardized BP measurements from community volunteer participants along with demographic data, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and history of COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or taking antihypertensive medication. Data were collated and analysed centrally using the current MMM protocol and presented after the imputation of missing BP readings. A total of 1307 participants were screened in 2021, comprising 652 (49.9%) females and 654 (50.0%) males with a mean age of 48 years (SD 20.1). Of all 1307 participants, 524 (40.1%) had hypertension. Of participants with hypertension, 65.4% were aware and 59.3% were on antihypertensive medication. Of 311 participants on antihypertensive medication, 54.7% had controlled BP. Of all 524 participants with hypertension, 32.5% had controlled BP. The current 2021 data may indicate some progress in creating BP awareness; however, consecutive Australian data obtained since 2017 demonstrated stagnating treatment, and control rates compared with global rates and those in other high-income countries. Concerted efforts from all stakeholders will be required to further improve BP awareness, treatment, and control rates in Australia.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening campaign results from India
Authors: Maheshwari Anuj , Verma Narsingh , Fatima Jalees , Tewari Ajoy , Kesavdev Jothydev , Singh Dhoat Preeti , Kaur Amrit , Gupta Amit , Srivastava Saurabh , Verma Abhinav , Maheshwari Shivangi , Ansari Sajid , Aggarwal Amitesh , Srivastava Abhishek , Arora Vanshika , Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Poulter Neil R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that makes a major impact on early mortality and morbidity. Recognizing hypertension in the community, educating people about routine BP monitoring, and improving medication compliance are all important steps in detecting, controlling, and managing hypertension. During the course of 5 months, members of the Indian Society of Hypertension organized unique medical indoor and outdoor camps at 100 screening locations around India for the May Measurement Month (MMM) 2021 study. At every location, BP was measured three times, and a questionnaire was completed. Participants known to have hypertension before the study whether taking or not taking treatment were not included (not a normal pre-requisite for exclusion in MMM). The analysis included 15 045 participants in total. After calculating the average of the second and third BP measurements, 16.4% of participants were found to have hypertension based on ≥140/90 mmHg thresholds (2461 out of 15 045). 14.0% of females and 16.4% of males had hypertension. 16.4% of participants had undiagnosed hypertension and were not receiving treatment. The MMM screening campaign has the potential for identifying large numbers of people with undiagnosed hypertension and raising awareness of the importance of raised BP among the general public, medical professionals, policymakers, the government, and the media. Future BP screening campaigns should be larger in scope and involve follow-ups with past participants.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from South Africa
Authors: Woodiwiss Angela J , Orchard Ane , Mels Catharina M C , Uys Aletta S , Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta N , Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Ware Lisa J , Mahlangu Winnie , Pillay Sarusha , Jones Erika S W , Peterson Vernice R , Beaney Thomas , Ahmadi-Abhari Sara , Poulter Neil R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. In Sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension prevalence is higher and cardiovascular events occur at a younger age than in Europe or America. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign initiated by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP. In South Africa, the MMM campaign in 2017, 2018, and 2019 revealed that approximately one-third of adults had hypertension, only half of hypertensives were receiving antihypertensive therapy, and only a third of those with hypertension had controlled BP. These data highlight the need for continued BP screening and awareness campaigns in South Africa.
From May to November 2021, a cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was performed. Blood pressure measurements, definition of hypertension, and statistical analyses followed the MMM protocol. The screening sites targeted the general population mainly on university campuses and pharmacies in preference to hospitals and clinics, aiming to raise awareness and allow access to screening in those less likely to be aware of their BP status. Of the 2294 individuals (age 37.3 ± 16.9 years) screened, 30.8% had hypertension. Of those with hypertension, only 48.6% were aware and 43.5% were receiving treatment for hypertension. A large proportion (50.4%) of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication had uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mmHg).
In conclusion, the high prevalence of hypertension, despite the young adult age, and the high proportions of individuals unaware of their hypertension and with uncontrolled BP underscore the necessity for hypertension awareness campaigns and more rigorous management of hypertension.
Blood pressure screening results from May Measurement Month 2021 in Vietnam
Authors: Van Minh Huynh , Viet Nguyen Lan , Muoi To , Tuan To Anh , Van Hung Ngo , Son Tra Kim , Dong Nguyen Ta , Thang Doan Chi , Beaney Thomas , Toopchiani Sima , Poulter Neil R , Tien Hoang Anh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative to raise awareness of high BP and acts as a temporary solution to the worldwide shortage of screening programmes. We aimed to screen for hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in people aged ≥18 years in the community, thereby defining the proportion of participants with elevated BP and assessing the awareness and the effectiveness of its treatment. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2021. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. From May 2021 to June 2021, through three cities/provinces in Vietnam (due to the COVID-19 pandemic), 2572 individuals with mean age 51.5 (SD ±15.7) years were screened. After multiple imputation, 929 (36.1%) had hypertension. Of individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 206 (11.2%) were hypertensive. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication, 415 (57.4%) had uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mmHg). The MMM21 BP screening campaign was undertaken in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in Vietnam remains a substantial health problem. Local campaigns applying standardized methods such as MMM21 will be beneficial to screen for a significant number of individuals with raised BP and increase awareness of hypertension.
Wood–Ljungdahl pathway encoding anaerobes facilitate low-cost primary production in hypersaline sediments at Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Shoemaker Anna , Maritan Andrew , Cosar Su , Nupp Sylvia , Menchaca Ana , Jackson Thomas , Dang Aria , Baxter Bonnie K , Colman Daniel R , Dunham Eric C , Boyd Eric S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Little is known of primary production in dark hypersaline ecosystems despite the prevalence of such environments on Earth today and throughout its geologic history. Here, we generated and analyzed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) organized as operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from three depth intervals along a 30-cm sediment core from the north arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah. The sediments and associated porewaters were saturated with NaCl, exhibited redox gradients with depth, and harbored nitrogen-depleted organic carbon. Metabolic predictions of MAGs representing 36 total OTUs recovered from the core indicated that communities transitioned from aerobic and heterotrophic at the surface to anaerobic and autotrophic at depth. Dark CO2 fixation was detected in sediments and the primary mode of autotrophy was predicted to be via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. This included novel hydrogenotrophic acetogens affiliated with the bacterial class Candidatus Bipolaricaulia. Minor populations were dependent on the Calvin cycle and the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, including in a novel Thermoplasmatota MAG. These results are interpreted to reflect the favorability of and selectability for populations that operate the lowest energy requiring CO2-fixation pathway known, the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, in anoxic and hypersaline conditions that together impart a higher energy demand on cells.
Conditional nmy-1 and nmy-2 alleles establish that nonmuscle myosins are required for late Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic elongation
Authors: Molnar Kelly , Suman Shashi Kumar , Eichelbrenner Jeanne , Plancke Camille N , Robin François B , Labouesse Michel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The elongation of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos allows examination of mechanical interactions between adjacent tissues. Muscle contractions during late elongation induce the remodeling of epidermal circumferential actin filaments through mechanotransduction. Force inputs from the muscles deform circumferential epidermal actin filament, which causes them to be severed, eventually reformed, and shortened. This squeezing force drives embryonic elongation. We investigated the possible role of the nonmuscle myosins NMY-1 and NMY-2 in this process using nmy-1 and nmy-2 thermosensitive alleles. Our findings show these myosins act redundantly in late elongation, since double nmy-2(ts); nmy-1(ts) mutants immediately stop elongation when raised to 25°C. Their inactivation does not reduce muscle activity, as measured from epidermis deformation, suggesting that they are directly involved in the multistep process of epidermal remodeling. Furthermore, NMY-1 and NMY-2 inactivation is reversible when embryos are kept at the nonpermissive temperature for a few hours. However, after longer exposure to 25°C double mutant embryos fail to resume elongation, presumably because NMY-1 was seen to form protein aggregates. We propose that the two C. elegans nonmuscle myosin II act during actin remodeling either to bring severed ends or hold them.
Influence of upwelling mantle magmas on cratonic crust implied from Vp/Vs beneath South America platform
Authors: An Meijian , Feng Mei , Assumpção Marcelo S , Bianchi Marcelo B , França George S , Rocha Marcelo P , Bettucci Leda Sánchez 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
The crust of the South American platform recorded imprints of dynamic processes related with the opening of the Central and South Atlantic but has not been well measured. Crustal structure can be retrieved from teleseismic receiver functions using H–κ stacking, but nearly parallel stripes of high stacking values existing in stacking images for seismic stations in sedimentary area cause difficulties in identifying solutions. We show that some seemingly spurious stripes that do not point to any layer solution are helpful in the identification of the solution position. With the aid of the auxiliary stripes, we retrieved thicknesses and Vp/Vs of sedimentary and crystalline crust for 65 permanent stations of the Brazilian Seismographic Network and six new portable seismic stations in Brazil and Uruguay. The resulted sedimentary thickness and Vp/Vs exhibit a good correlation with the Phanerozoic sediments in the South American basins. The crust of Paraná–Etendeka Large Igneous Province (LIP) had been expected to be more mafic since it had ever been penetrated by mantle magma in the Cretaceous related to the south Atlantic opening. However, we found very low Vp/Vs (1.67) in the crystalline crust beneath the LIP, implying a more felsic crust and that no significant mafic intruding/underplating has occurred in the region. The more felsic crust may be formed in a special evolution early than the magmatic event, or during the magmatic event by releasing crustal volatiles. The resulted sedimentary thickness and Vp/Vs ratios exhibit a good correlation with the Phanerozoic sediments in the South American basins, which implies that Triassic–Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatism did not cause significant metamorphism in sediments formed before the magmatic events.