bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential release of β‐NAD+ and ATP upon activation of enteric motor neurons in primate and murine colons
Authors: Durnin L. , Sanders K. M. , Mutafova‐Yambolieva V. N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground  The purinergic component of enteric inhibitory neurotransmission is important for normal motility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Controversies exist about the purine(s) responsible for inhibitory responses in GI muscles: ATP has been assumed to be the purinergic neurotransmitter released from enteric inhibitory motor neurons; however, recent studies demonstrate that β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β‐NAD+) and ADP‐ribose mimic the inhibitory neurotransmitter better than ATP in primate and murine colons. The study was designed to clarify the sources of purines in colons of Cynomolgus monkeys and C57BL/6 mice.Methods  High‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used to analyze purines released by stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and serotonergic 5‐HT3 receptors (5‐HT3R), known to be present on cell bodies and dendrites of neurons within the myenteric plexus.Key Results  Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor or 5‐HT3R agonists increased overflow of ATP and β‐NAD+ from tunica muscularis of monkey and murine colon. The agonists did not release purines from circular muscles of monkey colon lacking myenteric ganglia. Agonist‐evoked overflow of β‐NAD+, but not ATP, was inhibited by tetrodotoxin (0.5 μmol L−1) or ω‐conotoxin GVIA (50 nmol L−1), suggesting that β‐NAD+ release requires nerve action potentials and junctional mechanisms known to be critical for neurotransmission. ATP was likely released from nerve cell bodies in myenteric ganglia and not from nerve terminals of motor neurons.Conclusions & Inferences  These results support the conclusion that ATP is not a motor neurotransmitter in the colon and are consistent with the hypothesis that β‐NAD+, or its metabolites, serve as the purinergic inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Comparison of the efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in children receiving fentanyl by patient‐controlled analgesia after orthopedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Yong‐Hee , Jang Young‐Eun , Byon Hyo‐Jin , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundThis study was designed to compare the efficacy of prophylactic ramosetron and ondansetron in preventing postoperative vomiting in children who received fentanyl by patient‐controlled analgesia after orthopedic surgery.MethodsTwo hundred and eighteen children, 2–15 years old, ASA physical status 1 or 2, scheduled for elective orthopedic surgeries, were randomly divided into the ramosetron group (n = 109) or ondansetron group (n = 109). Patients in ondansetron group received ondansetron 100 μg·kg−1 and patients in ramosetron group received ramosetron 6 μg·kg−1 after surgery. Intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia with fentanyl was used in both groups. The incidence of postoperative vomiting and side effects were assessed during the 48 h after surgery.ResultsThere was significantly less vomiting during the first 24‐h and 6–24‐h period after surgery in ramosetron group than in ondansetron group (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in side effect of 5‐HT3 antagonist between the two groups.ConclusionRamosetron was more effective during the first 24‐h period after surgery than ondansetron in children using fentanyl patient‐controlled analgesia after general anesthesia.
Pediatric scoliosis surgery – is postoperative intensive care unit admission really necessary?
Authors: Abu‐Kishk Ibrahim , Kozer Eran , Hod‐Feins Roei , Anekstein Yoram , Mirovsky Yigal , Klin Baruch , Eshel Gideon 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundIt is common practice for patients to be admitted to the intensive care unit following scoliosis surgery, because of the prolonged anesthesia, the need for efficient pain control and the known immediate postoperative complications. However, this may be unnecessary in many patients.PurposeWe aimed to establish possible associations between pre‐ and perioperative parameters and early postoperative complication rates, in particular the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation (>1 day), and the presence of major complications in children undergoing primary spinal fusion by thoracolumbar spine instrumentation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of children undergoing primary scoliosis surgery at a university‐affiliated general hospital from 1998 to 2008.ResultsSurgical approaches were as follows: anterior spinal fusion, posterior spinal fusion, and combined anterior and posterior fusion. Prior to mid‐2005, anesthesia included morphine; thereafter, remifentanil was used. Major complications correlated significantly with neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) (OR, 4.94; 95% CI, 1.02–24.05), comorbidity conditions (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.16–10.42), and anterior or combined fusion (OR, 7.81; 95% CI, 2.12–28.57). Late extubation correlated significantly with NMS (OR, 31.25; 95% CI, 1.06–100.00) and morphine use during anesthesia (OR, 17.91; 95% CI, 1.44–222.9).ConclusionsRelatively young, healthy idiopathic scoliosis children receiving intraoperative remifentanil sedation and undergoing posterior fusion can be successfully managed in regular wards in the immediate postoperative period. However, intensive care unit admission should be considered in NMS patients, patients with comorbidity conditions, those undergoing anterior or combined spinal fusion, and patients whose anesthesia involves long‐acting opioids.
Appendix carcinoids in childhood: Long‐term experience at a single institution in Western Canada and systematic review
Authors: Kulkarni Ketan P. , Sergi Consolato 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the management experience of children with appendix carcinoids (AC).MethodA systematic review of the literature pertaining to AC in the pediatric population was performed. PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS and most significant Congress proceedings were reviewed. In addition, charts and files at Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, were retrieved and the data compared with the scientific literature review.ResultsBetween January 2000 and October 2010, seven patients had AC at the authors' institution. Mean age at diagnosis was 15 years while the male : female ratio was 3:4. Five out of seven patients presented with acute appendicitis. Size ranged up to 1.4 cm. In one case only lymph node metastases were observed. No distant metastases were seen in any patient. Carcinoid was low grade in all seven children. One patient suffered from familial adenomatous polyposis. At a mean follow up of 53.4 months, the outcome was excellent with all patients alive without disease. In the systematic review, 206 studies referring to AC in children were identified. Most series on childhood AC were small single‐center series with 2–19 patients.ConclusionsOlder age (>10 years) at diagnosis, female preponderance, and tumor diameter <1.5 cm were the salient observations in the present study. Surgical resection at an early stage allows for excellent prognosis without the need for any additional surgical or adjuvant treatment. Genetic counseling may be appropriate in view of the possible association with colonic adenocarcinoma.
Association of variants of ABCB11 with transient neonatal cholestasis
Authors: Liu Li‐Yan , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Lu Yi , Zhu Qi‐Rong , Wang Jian‐She 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of ABCB11 variants have been studied in some cholestatic diseases, but this is not clear in transient neonatal cholestasis (TNC). The aim of the present study was to explore the association between ABCB11 variants and TNC.MethodsThis was a case–control study. A total of 192 children with TNC referred to a tertiary referral hospital in eastern China were enrolled as subjects, and 196 healthy children were selected as controls. Part of the promoter and exons of the ABCB11 gene were sequenced directly. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site of V444A was tested using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Potential consequences of variants were predicted using bioinformatics software. The biochemistry indices were compared between the patients with or without possibly pathogenic variants/mutations.ResultsTwenty‐eight variants, including 14 novel ones, were detected. Four novel, possibly pathogenic mutations (I416I, K436N, R928Q and IVS7+5G>A) were detected in six subjects. The γ‐glutamyltransferase level of these six was lower than in the others (P = 0.054). The genotype distribution of the four common SNP sites, V444A, A535A, A865V and A1082A, was not significantly different between TNC patients and controls.ConclusionsApproximately 3% of TNC cases can be attributed to ABCB11 mutations.
Twenty‐four‐hour measurement of IOP in rabbits using rebound tonometer
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Dong Jing , Wu Qiang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeTo observe the Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements over a 24‐h period in New Zealand white rabbits.MethodsThirty‐four normal New Zealand white rabbits (68 eyes) were included in this study. The IOP values were determined with a rebound tonometer (RBT, Icare VET). Measurements were always obtained in the right eye first.ResultsThe data showed that there was no significant difference in IOP between measurements, which indicated that the RBT showed good repeatability in this study (P = 0.920). There was no statistically significant difference between genders (P = 0.943). The IOP in right eyes was a little higher than left eyes (F = 45.96, P < 0.001). Comparison of the true IOP and RBT results over the entire pressure range (8–100 mmHg) revealed a statistically significant difference between them (P < 0.001). The mean difference between the RBT and true IOP (RBT−True IOP) was −22.65 ± 9.52 mmHg with 95% confidence interval (−27.1, −18.2 mmHg). In the light period (7 AM to 7 PM), the IOP was a little lower than during the dark period (8 PM to 6 AM); 9 AM and 2 PM were the lowest measurements (10 mmHg, 9.625 mmHg), and 10 AM (14.125 mmHg)was the highest measurement during the 24‐h period.ConclusionsThe IOP obtained by RBT underestimated the true IOP but the RBT had a good repeatability in IOP measurements. In the light period (7 AM to 7 PM), the IOP was a little lower than during the dark period (8 PM to 6 AM), which may be beneficial to the intervention therapy observation of glaucoma research in rabbits.
Determining the Currency of Data
Authors: Fan Wenfei , Geerts Floris , Wijsen Jef 
Published: January 2013

Data in real-life databases become obsolete rapidly. One often finds that multiple values of the same entity reside in a database. While all of these values were once correct, most of them may have become stale and inaccurate. Worse still, the values often do not carry reliable timestamps. With this comes the need for studying data currency, to identify the current value of an entity in a database and to answer queries with the current values, in the absence of reliable timestamps.
This article investigates the currency of data. (1) We propose a model that specifies partial currency orders in terms of simple constraints. The model also allows us to express what values are copied from other data sources, bearing currency orders in those sources, in terms of copy functions defined on correlated attributes. (2) We study fundamental problems for data currency, to determine whether a specification is consistent, whether a value is more current than another, and whether a query answer is certain no matter how partial currency orders are completed. (3) Moreover, we identify several problems associated with copy functions, to decide whether a copy function imports sufficient current data to answer a query, whether a copy function can be extended to import necessary current data for a query while respecting the constraints, and whether it suffices to copy data of a bounded size. (4) We establish upper and lower bounds of these problems, all matching, for combined complexity and data complexity, and for a variety of query languages. We also identify special cases that warrant lower complexity.
Proving expansion in three steps
Authors: Yehudayoff Amir 
Published: January 2013

This text is meant to be an introduction to a recent strategy introduced by Bourgain and Gamburd (following a work of Helfgott) for proving graph-expansion. The strategy is designed for graphs H that are defined using some underlying group G.
The strategy consists of three steps, which, in Sarnak's terminology, correspond to the three steps of a chess game: opening, middle-game and endgame. In the opening, the objective is to prove that the girth of H is logarithmic. In the middle-game, the goal is to prove a productgrowth theorem for subsets of G. The endgame consists of establishing a "mixing property" for G. There are two methods for proving a mixing property: using pairwise independence and using basic representation theory.
WTTM 2012, the fourth workshop on the theory of transactional memory
Authors: Gramoli Vincent , Milani Alessia 
Published: January 2013

In conjunction with PODC 2012, the TransForm project (Marie Curie Initial Training Network) and EuroTM (COST Action IC1001) supported the 4th edition of the Workshop on the Theory of Transactional Memory (WTTM 2012). The objective of WTTM was to discuss new theoretical challenges and recent achievements in the area of transactional computing. The workshop took place on July 19, 2012, in Madeira, Portugal.
This year's WTTM was a milestone event for two reasons. First, because the same year, the two seminal articles on hardware and software transactional memories [15, 21] were recognized as outstanding papers on principles of distributed computing, whose significance and impact on the theory and practice of distributed computing have been evident for at least a decade. Second, the winners of this prestigious ACM/EATCS Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize, Maurice Herlihy, Eliot Moss, Nir Shavit and Dan Touitou, were present at the workshop and three of them discussed their current progress with other outstanding researchers from the field. This report is intended to give highlights of the problems discussed during the workshop.
Hybrid aggregates
Authors: Strunk John D. 
Published: January 2013

Relative to traditional hard disk drives (HDDs), solid state drives (SSDs) provide a very large number of I/Os per second, but they have limited capacity. From a cost-effectiveness perspective, SSDs provide significantly better random I/O throughput per dollar than a typical disk, but the capacity provided per dollar spent on SSDs limits them to the most demanding of datasets. Traditionally, Data ONTAP® storage aggregates have been provisioned using a single type of disk. This restriction limits the costeffectiveness of the storage pool to that of the underlying disks.
The Hybrid Aggregates project within the Advanced Technology Group (ATG) explored the potential to combine multiple disk types within a single aggregate. One of the primary goals of the project was to determine whether a hybrid aggregate, composed of SSDs (for their cost-effective performance) and Serial-ATA (SATA) disks (for their cost-effective capacity), could simultaneously provide better cost/performance and cost/throughput ratios than an all Fibre-Channel (FC) solution.
The project has taken a two-pronged approach to building a prototype system capable of supporting hybrid aggregates. The first part of the project investigated the changes necessary for Data ONTAP RAID and WAFL® layers to support a hybrid aggregate. This included propagating disk-type information to WAFL, modifying WAFL to support the allocation of blocks from a particular storage class (i.e., disk type), and repurposing the existing writeafter- read and segment-cleaning infrastructure to support the movement of data between storage classes. The second part of the project examined potential policies for allocating and moving data between storage classes within a hybrid aggregate. Through proper policies, it is possible to automatically segregate the data within the aggregate such that the SSD-backed portion of the aggregate absorbs a large fraction of the I/O requests, leaving the SATA disks to contribute capacity for colder data.
This paper describes the implementation of the Hybrid Aggregates prototype and the policies for automatic data placement and movement that have been evaluated. It also presents some performance results from the prototype system.
Language Learning without Control: The Role of the PFC
Authors: Friederici Angela D. , Mueller Jutta L. , Sehm Bernhard , Ragert Patrick 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Learning takes place throughout lifetime but differs in infants and adults because of the development of the PFC, a brain region responsible for cognitive control. To test this hypothesis, adults were investigated in a language learning paradigm under inhibitory, cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over PFC. The experiment included a learning session interspersed with test phases and a test-only session. The stimulus material required the learning of grammatical dependencies between two elements in a novel language. In a parallel design, cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left PFC, right PFC, or sham stimulation was applied during the learning session but not during the test-only session. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during both sessions. Whereas no ERP learning effects were observed during the learning session, different ERP learning effects as a function of prior stimulation type were found during the test-only session, although behavioral learning success was equal across conditions. With sham stimulation, the ERP learning effect was reflected in a centro-parietal N400-like negativity indicating lexical processes. Inhibitory stimulation over the left PFC, but not over the right PFC, led to a late positivity similar to that previously observed in prelinguistic infants indicating associative learning. The present data demonstrate that adults can learn with and without cognitive control using different learning mechanisms. In the presence of cognitive control, adult language learning is lexically guided, whereas it appears to be associative in nature when PFC control is downregulated.
Searching for Something Familiar or Novel: Top–Down Attentional Selection of Specific Items or Object Categories
Authors: Wu Rachel , Scerif Gaia , Aslin Richard N. , Smith Tim J. , Nako Rebecca , Eimer Martin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Visual search is often guided by top–down attentional templates that specify target-defining features. But search can also occur at the level of object categories. We measured the N2pc component, a marker of attentional target selection, in two visual search experiments where targets were defined either categorically (e.g., any letter) or at the item level (e.g., the letter C) by a prime stimulus. In both experiments, an N2pc was elicited during category search, in both familiar and novel contexts (Experiment 1) and with symbolic primes (Experiment 2), indicating that, even when targets are only defined at the category level, they are selected at early sensory-perceptual stages. However, the N2pc emerged earlier and was larger during item-based search compared with category-based search, demonstrating the superiority of attentional guidance by item-specific templates. We discuss the implications of these findings for attentional control and category learning.
Jews, Gentiles, and the Kingdom of God: The Parable of the Wicked Tenants in Narrative Perspective (Mark 12:1-12)
Authors: Iverson Kelly R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe identification of the “others” in Mark's Parable of the Wicked Tenants is widely disputed and has not been adequately addressed from a narrative perspective. Through a reconsideration of the vineyard and tenants, as well as the wider plot structure of the narrative, this article argues that the anonymous “others” to whom the vineyard is given are the Gentiles. Understood within the context of the Gentile mission, the parable describes Israel's obstinance and the expansion of the kingdom, while at the same time foreshadowing the proclamation of the gospel to the nations, which is to be carried out by the followers of Jesus.
The Peoples' Bible, Imbokodo and the King's Mother's Teaching of Proverbs 31
Authors: Stiebert Johanna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this article is, first, to look closely at a new NRSV Bible, The Peoples' Bible, putting to the test its own call for reading inclusively, with acknowledgement of and sensitivity to the diverse societies and cultures of the USA, particularly marginalized minority groups. Following general comments and praise for this exciting new publication, the editorial decision to juxtapose a short description of ubuntu theology with Prov. 31:8-9 will be examined. In the course of this article, several distinctly South African examples of biblical criticism will be described. Next, the postcolonial-critical method called Imbokodo, developed and practised by Old Testament scholar Makhosazana Nzimande, will be applied to Prov. 31:1-9 to foreground a new and illuminating perspective, which is ultimately skeptical of the (at least implicit) suggestion of the appropriateness of associating Prov. 31:8-9 and ubuntu. As will become clear, tackling this topic has been a challenge for the author in some profound and personal respects.
Images, Words and Stories: Exploring their Transformative Power in Reading Biblical Texts Ecologically
Authors: Wainwright Elaine M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis essay is theoretical rather than interpretive in that I seek to develop a process or processes for reading biblical texts ecologically. I identify initially a significant epistemic shift that Lorraine Code calls ecological thinking as the context in which ecological reading takes place. I emphasize that reading ecologically is a process rather than a fixed approach, drawing imagery and language from Earth's processes that are characterized by reciprocity and multi-dimensionality. As a critical process, ecological reading will be characterized by suspicion and reconfiguration in their reciprocity. They will inform the range of reading procedures that uncover the inner texture and intertexture of the text. Having borrowed these two aspects of textual reading from Vernon Robbins” socio-rhetorical approach and nuanced them in relation to an ecological reading which recognizes the centrality of “habitat,” I propose a more significant development of Robbins' approach in that I replace his “social and cultural texture” with what I call “ecological texture,” suggesting that “inter-con/textuality” is a way of naming the various tools and procedures that will facilitate a reading of this ecological texture of the biblical text. I name my ecological reading process eco-rhetorical and conclude by noting that it cannot remain text-bound but must be integrated into the praxis of ecocitizenship.
Modelling Dependence in Latin American Markets Using Copula Functions
Authors: Miguel-Angel Canela , Eduardo Pedreira 
Published: January 2013

Two important issues in the analysis of association among financial markets are the degree of dependence and the underlying shape commanding the cross-market dependencies, so that any model used to describe this association must cope with both the issues. In the study presented in this article, we approach the modelling of dependence in two stages. The first stage is based on modelling the dependence between the returns of two assets by means of a single Archimedean copula, whereas the second one takes advantage of the mixture between copulas to gain the necessary flexibility to capture different tail dependence patterns. Both stages have been followed in modelling the dependence among the daily returns of seven Latin American country indices, a regional index and a worldwide index. Our findings have important implications for portfolio risk management. JEL Classification: G11, G15