bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Road to Modernity: Textile Workers and Post‐socialist Transformations in Slovenia
Authors: VODOPIVEC NINA 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article explores how processes of transformation since 1989 have affected textile workers' lives in Slovenia. I am concerned with the way in which the changes in politics and society as well as people's changed reference frames have served to redefine textile workers' perceptions of the socialist past and their current understanding of both working and broader living environments. The legacies of socialism are presented within the framework of various interpretations and perceptions of post‐socialist modernity. I illustrate my points by quoting a number of interviews made with workers, retired workers and other factory staff in the first years of this decade. The article does not intend to reconstruct the socialist past, but to explore the intertwinements between the past and post‐socialist present while highlighting textile workers' perspectives and experiences. With their focus on the level of everyday practices, fieldwork and oral history can help us to recognize that changes in post‐socialism are not simple and unidirectional. Following such analytical orientations the article addresses macro and micro levels to reveal the various ways in which people contest or contradict, follow or oppose institutional changes. The idea is not only to add people and a case study to the larger story but to question the story itself and its one‐sidedness that tells us about ‘successful transition’ by giving out numbers, percentages and political categorizations. The aim is to point at the inequalities such discourses produce, the power relations in which they are located and the lived realities that are hidden behind them.
A Comparison Between the Conventional Stated Preference Technique and an Inferred Valuation Approach
Authors: Yadav Lava , van Rensburg Thomas M. , Kelley Hugh 
Published: October 2012

AbstractContrary to conventional stated preference valuation techniques that employ a direct questioning approach, the inferred valuation method utilises indirect questioning where respondents are asked for their belief regarding others’ values for a good or service. In this study, using choice experiments, we compare the results obtained through the two valuation techniques for environmental features of the Burren landscape in western Ireland. Consistent with previous studies, stated values using the conventional approach are found to be significantly higher than those obtained through the inferred valuation approach. In particular, this study highlights the dissimilarities in relative preferences observed between the two landscape attributes (rocky limestone pavements and orchid‐rich grasslands) from the two questioning formats. While respondents were indifferent between the two habitats, they believed the ‘average other’ to be significantly more concerned about the conservation of the rocky limestone pavements. We attribute this divergence in preferences to be a consequence of additional normative motives perceived by respondents with regard to the conservation of orchid‐rich grasslands.
The Obama Presidency: Hope, Change, and Reality
Authors: Rockman Bert A. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to assess specifically whether President Barak Obama has been a transformational leader and, more generally, the utility of the concept of transformational leadership.MethodsThe article explores the differences between the aspirations of leaders, their rhetoric, and the hopes of leaders’ passionate partisan followers and the much harsher contextual constraints influencing what leaders, and especially U.S. presidents, can hope to achieve.ResultsThe Obama presidency, in particular, has shown significant sensitivity to its contextual opportunities. In general, it has seized the opportunities it did have to achieve outcomes that it defined as important but these opportunities have been sharply constricted as well.ConclusionsThe notion of transformational leadership, and the rhetoric that accompanies it, is massively asymmetric. Leadership takes place when strategic opportunities arise, and these more frequently than not are rare.
Delay in Seeking Medical Help in Patients with New-Onset Erectile Dysfunction Remained High Over and Despite the PDE5 Era—An Ecological Study
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Ferrari Matteo , Saccà Antonino , Pellucchi Federico , Castagna Giulia , Clementi Maria Chiara , Matloob Rayan , Briganti Alberto , Rigatti Patrizio , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is common knowledge among researchers that erectile dysfunction (ED) is an important sentinel marker of cardiovascular and overall men’s health.

Aim
Determine whether the delay of time between ED onset and seeking medical help (DSH), considered as a proxy of awareness of the importance of ED for overall men’s health, has shortened during the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5) era.

Methods
Complete data from 619 patients seeking first medical help for new-onset ED as their primary disorder between July 2000 and July 2010 were analyzed (i.e., DSH, ED severity as defined by the International Index of Erectile Function-erectile function [IIEF-EF] domain score, patient’s awareness of any PDE5, and Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI]). Analysis of variance tested DSH throughout the 10-year time frame. Cox regression models tested the association between predictors and DSH.

Main Outcome Measures
Assess if DSH has shortened throughout PDE5 era. Evaluate potential predictors of DSH.

Results
Overall, mean DSH was 30.2 months (median 12.0; range 5–300 months). DSH shortened throughout the analyzed 10-year period (F = 1.918; P = 0.047), with a significant drop only from year 2009 (DSH up to year 2008 vs. from year 2009: 31.0 months [12.0] vs. 7.5 months [6.0], respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Age, CCI, educational status, and ED severity did not significantly change over time. As a whole, 560 patients (90.5%) were aware of PDE5 at the time of their first office visit. PDE5 awareness emerged as an univarible and multivariable predictor of a shortened DSH. Conversely, DSH was not clearly associated with age, CCI, educational status, or ED severity.

Conclusion
Delay in seeking medical help in new-onset ED patients remained high over the PDE5 era, with a significant drop only from the year 2009. PDE5 awareness emerged as an independent predictor of shortening of this delay.
Singlet Oxygen‐Related Photooxidative Stability and Antioxidant Changes of Diacylglycerol‐Rich Oil Derived from Mixture of Olive and Perilla Oil
Authors: Kim Nakyung , Choe Eunok 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  This study investigated the oxidative stability and antioxidants changes in diacylglycerol (DAG)‐rich oil under singlet oxygen. DAG‐rich oil was derived from triacylglycerol (TAG) oil of extra virgin olive and perilla oil mixture by hydrolysis and re‐esterification using lipases. The oxidation of oils was performed at 25 °C for 48 h under singlet oxygen produced with chlorophyll b under light, and was evaluated by headspace oxygen consumption and peroxide value (POV). The oxidation of DAG‐rich oil was higher and faster in the co‐presence of light and chlorophyll than in their single presence. DAG‐rich oil was more oxidation‐susceptible than TAG oil. There was no significant change in fatty acid and lipid subclass compositions in DAG‐rich oil during the photooxidation. Tocopherols were degraded, whereas polyphenols weren't during phootooxidation of DAG‐rich oil. The oxidation of DAG‐rich oil was well‐correlated with tocopherol contents, not with polyphenol contents, indicating that tocopherols were effective antioxidants in the singlet oxygen‐related phootooxidation of DAG‐rich oil. The results suggested that the oxidative stability of DAG‐rich oil under singlet oxygen be improved by a precise control through retention of tocopherols.Practical Application:  The results of this study can be applied to the utilization of diacylglycerol oils to the area of functional edible oils with good oxidative stability.
Antioxidant Activity of Ripe and Unripe Pepino Fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton)
Authors: Sudha Govindan , Sangeetha Priya Marimuthu , Indhu Shree Rajan Babu , Vadivukkarasi Sabapathy 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  Ripe and unripe exotic pepino fruit were evaluated for antioxidant activity, total phenols, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant potency was investigated by employing various established in vitro systems, such as 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2–2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation. The EC50 values of ripe ethanolic extract on DPPH radical, reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, ABTS radical, FRAP, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation (brain), and lipid peroxidation (liver) were obtained to be 2.20, 2.81, <5.00, 34.06, 8.53, 1.30, 1.75, and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively. However, the EC50 values for unripe fruit extract were noted to be 3.75, 3.40, 11.25, 40.12, 9.75, 0.80, 1.91, and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. Ripe fruit exhibited the highest values of antioxidant activity in all the scavenging assays except for hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Ripe pepino had higher total phenol and flavonoid content than unripe fruit. This study suggests that possible mechanism of the biological activities may be due to free radical scavenging and antioxidant characteristics, which may be due to the presence of polyphenols in the fruit extracts.Practical Application:  The ripe and unripe pepino fruit have excellent antioxidant properties, so the results obtained in this study clearly indicate that pepino fruit has a significant potential to use as a natural antioxidant agent and possibly as a food supplement.
Four Applications of Embodied Cognition
Authors: Davis Joshua Ian , Benforado Adam , Esrock Ellen , Turner Alasdair , Dalton Ruth C. , van Noorden Leon , Leman Marc 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article presents the views of four sets of authors, each taking concepts of embodied cognition into problem spaces where the new paradigm can be applied. The first considers consequences of embodied cognition on the legal system. The second explores how embodied cognition can change how we interpret and interact with art and literature. The third examines how we move through architectural spaces from an embodied cognition perspective. And the fourth addresses how music cognition is influenced by the approach. Each contribution is brief. They are meant to suggest the potential reach of embodied cognition, increase the visibility of applications, and inspire potential avenues for research.
Embodied Cognition as a Practical Paradigm: Introduction to the Topic, The Future of Embodied Cognition
Authors: Davis Joshua Ian , Markman Arthur B. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEmbodied cognition pertains to the consequences on thought and emotion of living with our particular human sensory and motor systems. The consequences are quite varied, and researchers across the cognitive sciences have made great discoveries in line with this principle. However, while we offer this principle, it is necessarily broad, and searching for a single unifying theme has not brought researchers together behind a clearly defined endeavor. Rather than attempt to do so, we embrace the variation and specificity in research endeavors across the cognitive sciences to forge a practical sense in which embodied cognition can be a useful paradigm within which to think and work. This topic, The Future of Embodied Cognition, includes contributions from eight sets of authors communicating how embodied cognition has and will influence specific approaches within their disciplines. Through this format, the lessons from each contribution can be easily shared with colleagues across disciplines. As these lessons continue to be shared, a paradigm that is of practical use will emerge, and its coherence across disciplines will follow. To illustrate the practical aspect of this approach, in this introductory paper, we take one lesson from each contribution that must be shared and illustrate how each lesson can apply to a single, specific topic of study.
Patient satisfaction after gut‐directed hypnotherapy in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Lindfors P. , Ljótsson B. , Bjornsson E. , Abrahamsson H. , Simrén M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Gut‐directed hypnotherapy is an effective treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, clinical observations suggest that patient satisfaction with hypnotherapy is not always associated with improvement in IBS symptoms.Methods  We evaluated 83 patients with IBS treated with gut‐directed hypnotherapy (1 h week−1, 12 weeks). After the treatment period, patients reported their satisfaction with the treatment (ranging from 1 = not at all satisfied, to 5 = very satisfied) and completed questionnaires to assess IBS symptom severity, quality of life, cognitive function, sense of coherence, depression, and anxiety before and after treatment.Key Results  After hypnotherapy improved IBS symptom severity, quality of life, cognitive function, and anxiety were seen. Thirty patients (36%) were very satisfied with the treatment and 57 (69%) patients scored 4 or 5 on the patient satisfaction scale. Patient satisfaction was associated with less severe IBS symptoms and better quality of life after the treatment. In a multiple linear regression analysis, only the quality of life domain sexual relations was independently associated with patient satisfaction after hypnotherapy, explaining 22% of the variance. Using 25% reduction of IBS symptom severity to define an IBS symptom responder, 52% of the responders were very satisfied with hypnotherapy, but this was also true for 31% in the non‐responder group.Conclusions & Inferences  Patient satisfaction with gut‐directed hypnotherapy in IBS is associated with improvement of quality of life and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. However, other factors unrelated to GI symptoms also seems to be of importance for patient satisfaction, as a substantial proportion of patients without GI symptom improvement were also very satisfied with this treatment option.
Are the Bio‐ and Chemiluminescence States of the Firefly Oxyluciferin the Same as the Fluorescence State?
Authors: Navizet Isabelle , Roca‐Sanjuán Daniel , Yue Ling , Liu Ya‐Jun , Ferré Nicolas , Lindh Roland 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA usual strategy in both experimental and theoretical studies on bio‐ and chemiluminescence is to analyze the fluorescent properties of the bio‐ and chemiluminescence reaction product. Recent findings in a coelenteramide and Cypridina oxyluciferin model raise a concern on the validity of this procedure, showing that the light emitters in each of these luminescent processes might differ. Here, the thermal decomposition path of the firefly dioxetanone and the light emission states of the Firefly oxyluciferin responsible for the bio‐, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence of the molecule are characterized using ab initio quantum chemistry and hybrid quantum chemistry/molecular mechanics methods to determine if the scenario found in the coelenteramide and Cypridina oxyluciferin study does also apply to the Firefly bioluminescent systems. The results point out to a unique emission state in the bio‐, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence phenomena of the Firefly oxyluciferin and, therefore, using fluorescence properties of this system is reasonable.
Legionnaires' Disease Caused by Legionella londiniensis
Authors: Stallworth Christina , Steed Lisa , Fisher Mark A. , Nolte Frederick S. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTLegionella londiniensishas been isolated from aqueous environments. However, to our knowledge, this organism has never been isolated from clinical specimens. A case of Legionnaires' disease in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient caused by this organism is described, which confirms thatL. londiniensiscan be an opportunistic pathogen.
Enterovirus 71 VPg Uridylation Uses a Two-Molecular Mechanism of 3D Polymerase
Authors: Sun Yuna , Wang Yaxin , Shan Chao , Chen Cheng , Xu Peng , Song Mohan , Zhou Honggang , Yang Cheng , Xu Wenbo , Shi Pei-Yong , Zhang Bo , Lou Zhiyong 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

VPg uridylylation is essential for picornavirus RNA replication. The VPg uridylylation reaction consists of the binding of VPg to 3D polymerase (3D
pol
) and the transfer of UMP by 3D
pol
to the hydroxyl group of the third amino acid Tyr of VPg. Previous studies suggested that different picornaviruses employ distinct mechanisms during VPg binding and uridylylation. Here, we report a novel site (Site-311, located at the base of the palm domain of EV71 3D
pol
) that is essential for EV71 VPg uridylylation as well as viral replication. Ala substitution of amino acids (T313, F314, and I317) at Site-311 reduced the VPg uridylylation activity of 3D
pol
by >90%. None of the Site-311 mutations affected the RNA elongation activity of 3D
pol
, which indicates that Site-311 does not directly participate in RNA polymerization. However, mutations that abrogated VPg uridylylation significantly reduced the VPg binding ability of 3D
pol
, which suggests that Site-311 is a potential VPg binding site on enterovirus 71 (EV71) 3D
pol
. Mutation of a polymerase active site in 3D
pol
and Site-311 in 3D
pol
remarkably enables
trans
complementation to restore VPg uridylylation. In contrast, two distinct Site-311 mutants do not cause
trans
complementation
in vitro
. These results indicate that Site-311 is a VPg binding site that stabilizes the VPg molecule during the VPg uridylylation process and suggest a two-molecule model for 3D
pol
during EV71 VPg uridylylation, such that one 3D
pol
presents the hydroxyl group of Tyr3 of VPg to the polymerase active site of another 3D
pol
, which in turn catalyzes VPg→VPg-pU conversion. For genome-length RNA, the Site-311 mutations that reduced VPg uridylylation were lethal for EV71 replication, which indicates that Site-311 is a potential antiviral target.
Epitope-Specific CD8+T Cells Play a Differential Pathogenic Role in the Development of a Viral Disease Model for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Myoung Jinjong , Kang Hyun Seok , Hou Wanqiu , Meng Liping , Dal Canto Mauro C. , Kim Byung S. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTTheiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease has been extensively investigated as a model for persistent viral infection and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the role of CD8+T cells in the development of disease remains unclear. To assess the role of virus-specific CD8+T cells in the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease, a single amino acid substitution was introduced into the predominant viral epitope (VP3 from residues 159 to 166 [VP3159-166]) and/or a subdominant viral epitope (VP3173-181) of susceptible SJL/J mice by site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting variant viruses (N160V, P179A, and N160V/P179A) failed to induce CD8+T cell responses to the respective epitopes. Surprisingly, mice infected with N160V or N160V/P179A virus, which lacks CD8+T cells against VP3159-166, did not develop demyelinating disease, in contrast to wild-type virus or P179A virus lacking VP3173-181-specific CD8+T cells. Our findings clearly show that the presence of VP3159-166-specific CD8+T cells, rather than viral persistence itself, is strongly correlated with disease development. VP3173-181-specific CD8+T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of these virus-infected mice expressed higher levels of transforming growth factor β, forkhead box P3, interleukin-22 (IL-22), and IL-17 mRNA but caused minimal cytotoxicity compared to that caused by VP3159-166-specific CD8+T cells. VP3159-166-specific CD8+T cells exhibited high functional avidity for gamma interferon production, whereas VP3173-181-specific CD8+T cells showed low avidity. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that the induction of the IL-17-producing CD8+T cell type is largely epitope specific and that this specificity apparently plays a differential role in the pathogenicity of virus-induced demyelinating disease. These results strongly advocate for the careful consideration of CD8+T cell-mediated intervention of virus-induced inflammatory diseases.
Characterization of CD8+T Cell Function and Immunodominance Generated with an H2O2-Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine
Authors: Walker Joshua M. , Raué Hans-Peter , Slifka Mark K. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCD8+T cells play an important role in protection against both acute and persistent viral infections, and new vaccines that induce CD8+T cell immunity are currently needed. Here, we show that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific CD8+T cells can be generated in response to a nonreplicating H2O2-inactivated whole-virus vaccine (H2O2-LCMV). Vaccine-induced CD8+T cell responses exhibited an increased ability to produce multiple cytokines at early time points following immunization compared to infection-induced responses. Vaccination with H2O2-LCMV induced the expansion of a narrow subset of the antigen-specific CD8+T cells induced by LCMV strain Arm infection, resulting in a distinct immunodominance hierarchy. Acute LCMV infection stimulated immunodominance patterns that shifted over time or after secondary infection, whereas vaccine-generated immunodominance profiles remained remarkably stable even following subsequent viral infection. Vaccine-induced CD8+T cell populations expanded sharply in response to challenge and were then maintained at high levels, with responses to individual epitopes occupying up to 40% of the CD8+T cell compartment at 35 days after challenge. H2O2-LCMV vaccination protected animals against challenge with chronic LCMV clone 13, and protection was mediated by CD8+T cells. These results indicate that vaccination with an H2O2-inactivated whole-virus vaccine induces LCMV-specific CD8+T cells with unique functional characteristics and provides a useful model for studying CD8+T cells elicited in the absence of active viral infection.
Thread tailor
Authors: Lee Janghaeng , Wu Haicheng , Ravichandran Madhumitha , Clark Nathan 
Published: October 2012

Extracting performance from modern parallel architectures requires that applications be divided into many different threads of execution. Unfortunately selecting the appropriate number of threads for an application is a daunting task. Having too many threads can quickly saturate shared resources, such as cache capacity or memory bandwidth, thus degrading performance. On the other hand, having too few threads makes inefficient use of the resources available. Beyond static resource assignment, the program inputs and dynamic system state (e.g., what other applications are executing in the system) can have a significant impact on the right number of threads to use for a particular application.
To address this problem we present the Thread Tailor, a dynamic system that automatically adjusts the number of threads in an application to optimize system efficiency. The Thread Tailor leverages offline analysis to estimate what type of threads will exist at runtime and the communication patterns between them. Using this information Thread Tailor dynamically combines threads to better suit the needs of the target system. Thread Tailor adjusts not only to the architecture, but also other applications in the system, and this paper demonstrates that this type of adjustment can lead to significantly better use of thread-level parallelism in real-world architectures.