bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of extraaortic‐valvular cardiac damage in patients with moderate aortic stenosis and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Onishi Hirokazu , Izumo Masaki , Watanabe Yusuke , Okutsu Masaaki , Hozawa Koji , Shoji Tatsuro , Sato Yukio , Kuwata Shingo , Akashi Yoshihiro J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe extraaortic‐valvular cardiac damage (EVCD) Stage has shown potential for risk stratification for patients with aortic stenosis (AS). This study aimed to examine the usefulness of the EVCD Stage in risk stratification of patients with moderate AS and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).MethodsClinical data from patients with moderate AS (aortic valve area, .60–.85 cm2/m2; peak aortic valve velocity, 2.0–4.0 m/s) and reduced LVEF (LVEF 20%–50%) were analyzed during 2010–2019. Patients were categorized into three groups: EVCD Stages 1 (LV damage), 2 (left atrium and/or mitral valve damage), and 3/4 (pulmonary artery vasculature and/or tricuspid valve damage or right ventricular damage). The primary endpoint included a composite of cardiac death and heart failure hospitalization, with non‐cardiac death as a competing risk.ResultsThe study included 130 patients (mean age 76.4 ± 6.8 years; 62.3% men). They were categorized into three groups: 26 (20.0%) in EVCD Stage 1, 66 (50.8%) in Stage 2, and 48 (29.2%) in Stage 3/4. The endpoint occurred in 54 (41.5%) patients during a median follow‐up of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 1.4–5.1). Multivariate analysis indicated EVCD Stage 3/4 was significantly associated with the endpoint (hazard ratio 2.784; 95% confidence interval 1.197–6.476; P = .017) compared to Stage 1, while Stage 2 did not (hazard ratio 1.340; 95% confidence interval .577–3.115; P = .500).ConclusionThe EVCD staging system may aid in the risk stratification of patients with moderate AS and reduced LVEF.
Understanding cultural persistence and change: A replication of Giuliano and Nunn (2021)
Authors: Bertoli Simone , Clerc Melchior , Loper Jordan , Roca Fernández Èric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiuliano and Nunn (2021) provide econometric evidence that ancestral climatic variability reduces the current importance of tradition. We conduct a “deep reproduction”, comparing the precise descriptions of the individual‐level regressions in their article with the corresponding code. This analysis uncovers several major inconsistencies, also related to the code not included in their replication package. A published corrigendum addresses some inconsistencies we had also communicated to the Editor of REStud, but several remain, relating to a substantial portion of the observations. A realignment of the code with the text reveals a more nuanced relationship between ancestral climatic variability and tradition.
Time is of the essence: A general framework for uncovering temporal structures of communities
Authors: Yin Hannah , Rudolf Volker H. W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEcological communities are inherently dynamic: species constantly turn over within years, months, weeks or even days. These temporal shifts in community composition determine essential aspects of species interactions and how energy, nutrients, information, diseases and perturbations ‘flow’ through systems. Yet, our understanding of community structure has relied heavily on static analyses not designed to capture critical features of this dynamic temporal dimension of communities. Here, we propose a conceptual and methodological framework for quantifying and analysing this temporal dimension. Conceptually, we split the temporal structure into two definitive features, sequence and duration, and review how they are linked to key concepts in ecology. We then outline how we can capture these definitive features using perspectives and tools from temporal graph theory. We demonstrate how we can easily integrate ongoing research on phenology into this framework and highlight what new opportunities arise from this approach to answer fundamental questions in community ecology. As climate change reshuffles ecological communities worldwide, quantifying the temporal organization of communities is imperative to resolve the fundamental processes that shape natural ecosystems and predict how these systems may change in the future.
Can genomic signatures guide the selection of host‐specific agents for weed biological control?
Authors: Kumaran Nagalingam , Raghu S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiological control of weeds involves deliberate introduction of host‐specific natural enemies into invaded range to reduce the negative impacts of invasive species. Assessing the specificity is a crucial step, as introduction of generalist natural enemies into a new territory may pose risks to the recipient communities. A mechanistic understanding of host use can provide valuable insights for the selection of specialist natural enemies, bolster confidence in non‐target risk assessment and potentially accelerate the host specificity testing process in biological control. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of studies on the genomics of host specialization with a view to examine if genomic signatures can help predict host specificity in insects. Focusing on phytophagous Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera, we compared chemosensory receptors and enzymes between “specialist” (insects with narrow host range) and “generalist” (insects with wide host range) insects. The availability of genomic data for biological control agents (natural enemies of weeds) is limited thus our analyses utilized data from pest insects and model organisms for which genomic data are available. Our findings revealed that specialists generally exhibit a lower number of chemosensory receptors and enzymes compared with their generalist counterparts. This pattern was more prominent in Coleoptera and Diptera relative to Lepidoptera. This information can be used to reject agents with large gene repertoires to potentially accelerate the risk assessment process. Similarly, confirming smaller gene repertoires in specialists could further strengthen the risk evaluation. Despite the distinctive signatures between specialists and generalists, challenges such as finite genomic data for biological control agents, ad hoc comparisons, and fewer comparative studies among congeners limit our ability to use genomic signatures to predict host specificity. A few studies have empirically compared phylogenetically closely related species, enhancing the resolution and the predictive power of genomics signatures thus suggesting the need for more targeted studies comparing congeneric specialists and generalists.
Use of a poll‐mounted accelerometer for quantification and characterisation of equine trigeminal‐mediated headshaking
Authors: Pickles Kirstie Jane , Marlin David J. , Williams Jane Michelle , Roberts Veronica L. H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEquine trigeminal‐mediated (TGM) headshaking (HS) is a neuropathic facial pain syndrome characterised by varying intensity and frequencies of head movements and signs of nasal irritation. An accurate method for quantification and/or characterisation of HS severity is lacking.ObjectivesTo develop and validate an objective measure of TGMHS.Study designProspective case control study.MethodsHorses presenting for investigation of HS were recruited alongside those presenting for forelimb lameness (LAME) and pre‐purchase examination as well as healthy controls (CONTROL). Head movement data were collected for 5 min whilst trotting on the lunge using a tri‐axial accelerometer, with a range of ±16 g and sampling rate of 800 Hz, attached to the bridle headpiece. Recordings were exported for processing. Peak detection was performed using minimum and maximum thresholds of −1 g and +1 g (corrected for gravity) and a minimum peak width of 10 samples.ResultsFifty‐six horses were included in the study; 18 TGMHS, 10 non‐TGMHS, 12 LAME and 16 CONTROL. Characteristics and frequency of vertical (Z axis) head movements of TGMHS horses differed significantly from other horses. TGMHS horses had peaks with greater mean and maximum positive g‐force (P < 0.005) and lower mean and minimum negative g‐force (P < 0.001), greater frequency of peaks/min (P < 0.001) and over 12 times greater percentage of peaks >+2 g compared with other horses (P < 0.001). Receiver operator curve characteristics of percentage of peaks >+2 g (CI 0.72–0.95), percentage of peaks <−2 g (CI 0.66–0.92) and percentage of peaks <−2 g and >+2 g (CI 0.72–0.96) showed excellent discrimination of TGMHS horses from LAME, CONTROL and non‐TGMHS horses.Main limitationsReferral population of horses, small sample size and control horses were not evaluated for orthopaedic disease.ConclusionsAccelerometer data from trotting exercise on the lunge provides an objective measure of HS and can differentiate between TGMHS, non‐TGMHS, normal head movements and those associated with forelimb lameness. Accelerometer use may aid HS diagnosis and monitoring of management strategies.
Adaptation process of parents experiencing the coming out of their child
Authors: Sielicka Edyta , Sobczak Aleksandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to analyze the process of adaptation in parents residing in Poland whose child has revealed their gay/lesbian sexual orientation or gender identity and determine the stages and conditions of this process.BackgroundWhen a young person discloses their gay/lesbian sexual orientation or transgender identity, their parents' reaction has a significant impact on their psychological well‐being and on whether their family system can survive.MethodThis study, carried out from July to November 2022, involved conducting 21 interviews with parents residing in Poland whose child (whether a younger child, an adolescent, or an emerging adult) had come out about their gay/lesbian sexual orientation or transgender identity.ResultsAnalysis of interviews conducted during the research revealed the main stages of the process of parents' adaptation to their child coming out: initial attribution, coming out, secondary attribution, confrontation, and acceptance. For individual stages, we categorized reactions, which complement the description of an individual trajectory of adaptation.ConclusionIt is our opinion that for parents experiencing their child's coming out, the concept of their adaptation should be expanded to include a theory of grief and psychological crisis, highlighting the parents' need for cognitive‐functional validation of the situation.ImplicationsFuture research should seek to individualize the adaptation trajectories of parents whose child has come out about their sexual orientation or gender identity and relate these analyses to both mothers' and fathers' parental roles.
Influence of coastal oceanography on early life history traits of larval Patagonian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis along southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: López‐Soto Erika , Ord Gillian , Castillo Manuel I. , Plaza Guido , Cáceres Mario A. , González María Teresa , Sepúlveda Maritza , Guerrero Alicia I. , Piñones Andrea , Landaeta Mauricio F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarly life history traits of small pelagic fish are usually affected by environmental conditions. Patagonian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis, is a small pelagic fish that inhabits the continental shelf, fjords and channels of Patagonia. Their larvae are usually exposed to large variations in physical and biological conditions. We evaluated the effects of environmental conditions on early life history traits of this key species encompassing over 20 years of information. The characterization of oceanographic features, larval abundance and distribution was carried out in western Patagonia between 1996 and 2019, while the growth and mortality rates were estimated for the austral spring 2019 between 49°54′S and 53°55′S. Larval abundance decreased three to ten times from 1996 to 1997 to the rest of the study period (2008–2010 and 2014–2019), with larger abundances being found over the shelf. In spring 2019, the growth rate was 0.20 ± 0.05 mm d−1 for larvae between 9 and 19 days after hatching. The growth rate was similar in partially stratified (7–50 J m−3) and stratified waters (50–100 J m−3), but slower in mixed waters (< 7 J m−3). GAM modelling showed that the faster larval growth occurred in partially stratified waters with temperatures above 7.5°C. Natural mortality rates were higher in partially stratified waters (24% of daily loss), lower in stratified areas (14%) and the lowest in the mixed water column (12%). Accordingly, larvae living in channels had faster growth rates but higher daily mortality, while those that hatched or were advected to water parcels on the continental shelf had slower growth but lower daily mortality. Finally, these latter traits may be an example of an inverse growth‐selective survival strategy.
Migraine epidemiology in collegiate student‐athletes: Findings from the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium
Authors: Burns Karlee N. , Zhao Huaqing , Master Christina , Langford Dianne , Tierney Ryan , McDevitt Jane ,   of the CARE Consortium
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study evaluated de‐identified data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association—Department of Defense Grand Alliance from 2014 to 2020 to determine the prevalence of migraine and migraine medication and to describe differences in migraine prevalence by sex, race, and sport.BackgroundEpidemiological studies can help identify underdiagnosed and undertreated populations. Understanding migraine prevalence in collegiate student‐athletes is essential for positive healthcare outcomes including development of prevention and treatment plans.MethodsFrom a concussion baseline assessment, participant's self‐reported demographics (e.g., age, sex, sport), migraine diagnosis (i.e., yes/no), and migraine medication usage (e.g., yes/no, type) determined prevalence of migraine and medication use in collegiate student‐athletes.ResultsMigraine was reported in 5.6% (2617/47,060; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.4%–5.8%) of the student‐athletes, with higher prevalence in females, 7.5% (1319/17,628; 95% CI 7.1%–7.9%), than males, 4.6% (1298/28,116; 95% CI 4.4%–4.9%). Medication usage was reported by 36.2% (947/2617; 95% CI 34.3%–38.0%) of individuals with migraine. Migraine reporting differed by race, with Caucasian reporting highest (5.9%; 1990/33,913; 95% CI 5.6%–6.1%) and Asian the lowest (2.7%; 55/2027; 95% CI 2.1%–3.5%). Women's sports, including golf, gymnastics, and lacrosse, and men's diving and squash had higher migraine reporting than other sports.ConclusionCaucasian females reported higher rates than other groups and sport influenced rates of migraine diagnosis.
Facile synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biocompatibility of free‐standing titania hollow microtubes
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Zhang Fenghao , Chen Song , Osaka Akiyoshi , Chen Weiyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTitania nanotube (NT) arrays have been widely used as cell‐supporting matrices. However, cells are always seeded on the porous surface of the NT array and have very limited interactions with each individual NT in the array. In this study, titania hollow microtubes (HMTs) were synthesized via a gelatin‐template sol‐gel route and then utilized as free‐standing cell‐supporting matrices for the first time. The resultant titania HMTs were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersed spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Each HMT was composed of rutile‐type titania nanoparticles with diameters of 50–100 nm and a diameter of 50–100 µm. The results from a leaching liquor assay demonstrated good biocompatibility of titania HMTs. Each HMT has been demonstrated to independently support the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells. For comparison, titania NT arrays, not independent titania NT, only supported the adhesion of cells on their porous surface. Thus, the resultant titania HMTs are applicable to free‐standing and biocompatible cell‐supporting matrices.
Synergistic lubrication effect of OLC and MoDTC for reducing friction and wear of MAO ceramic coating on TC4 alloy
Authors: Li Yang , Bai Xiao , Zhang Dejian , Sun Huilai , Guo Zhengang , Yang Shuyan , Wan Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTC4 titanium alloy has been widely used in the automotive field due to its exceptional properties. However, inherent defects such as low hardness and poor wear resistance for TC4 alloy limited its wider application. The microarc oxidation (MAO) technique was employed in this paper to prepare MAO coatings on TC4 titanium alloy. The microstructure, phase structure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance were systematically evaluated. The results show that the coating contains a large amount of rutile TiO2 hard phase after MAO treatment, which significantly improves the mechanical properties of the substrate. The hardness of the MAO coating can reach 581 HV.05. Furthermore, the synergistic lubrication effect of onion‐like carbon (OLC) nanoparticles and organic molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) in PAO oil was observed for MAO‐treated TC4. Particularly, when .01 wt.% OLC is used with 1 wt.% MoDTC oil, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases to .062, and the wear rate decreases to 4.3 × 10−7 mm3/Nm. Combined Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicate that OLC is deposited on coating area to form a lubricating carbon film. Additionally, OLC can promote the decomposition of MoDTC during sliding to generate a tribofilm containing MoS2.
An Effective Soil Analysis and Crop Yield Prediction Based on Optimised Light GBM in Smart Agriculture
Authors: Parganiha Vivek , Verma Monika 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn the agricultural sector, crop yield prediction plays an important role as it helps farmers make decisions about the growing season and type of crops to get better yield. The main goal in the agricultural sector is to reduce operating costs and pollution by improving crop yields and quality. This paper proposes an effective method for soil analysis and crop yield prediction for intelligent agriculture. The collected data are preprocessed using missing value interpolation and data normalisation techniques. Feature selection is performed on the preprocessed data using the Aquila‐based adaptive optimisation algorithm, which selects the best trait subset for yield prediction. An improved lightweight gradient‐boosting machine based on the Battle Royale Optimisation technique is used for classification. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using mean absolute error, root mean square error, R‐squared, mean square error, mean square logarithmic error and mean absolute percentage error, and the proposed system achieved an accuracy of 97%. The proposed system accurately predicts crop yields, improving crop production and quality.
Novel needle‐type electrocoagulation and combination pharmacotherapy: Basic and clinical studies on efficacy and safety in treating keloids
Authors: Zhao Jingting , Zhai Xiaoyu , Xu Zhiyi , Zhou Shu , Gu Liqun , Chen Lin , Zhou Bingrong , Hua Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimKeloids cannot be effectively treated using monotherapy regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ablation (a novel needle‐assisted electrocoagulation technique) combined with pharmacotherapy (corticosteroid and 5‐fluorouracil [5‐FU] injections) in removing keloids and to investigate the underlying biological mechanisms.MethodsThe effects of energy consumption and duration of needle‐assisted electrocoagulation on the ablation zone were tested in porcine liver tissue, which simulates human skin. The regulatory effects of ablation combined with pharmacotherapy on collagen deposition, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis were analyzed in a keloid‐bearing nude mouse model in vivo. In a clinical trial involving six patients with keloids, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) scores were graded before treatment and 1 month after one cycle of ablation combined with corticosteroid and 5‐FU therapy.ResultsHigher energy consumption and longer duration of electrocoagulation resulted in a larger ablation zone and higher surface temperature. Ablation combined with pharmacotherapy significantly reduced keloid volume in nude mice, upregulated MMP‐1 and MMP‐3, downregulated COL I and COL III, and inhibited angiogenesis and proliferation. This combination also significantly reduced the VSS and POSAS scores in patients with keloids after treatment without any obvious adverse events.ConclusionOur findings show that electroablation combined with pharmacotherapy effectively reduces keloid volume by inhibiting collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Thus, this novel combination may serve as a safe therapeutic approach for keloid removal.
Evolution of secondary metabolites, morphological structures and associated gene expression patterns in galls induced by four closely related aphid species on a host plant species
Authors: Mizuki Mayu , Kaneko Yohei , Yukie Yoshitaka , Suyama Yoshihisa , Hirota Shun K. , Sawa Shinichiro , Kubo Minoru , Yamawo Akira , Sasabe Michiko , Ikeda Hiroshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGall‐forming insects induce various types of galls on their host plants by altering gene expression in host plant organs, and recent studies have been conducted for gene expression in galls. However, the evolutionary trajectories of gene expression patterns and the resulting phenotypes have not yet been studied using multiple related species. We investigated the speciation and the diversification process of galls induced by four closely related aphid species (Hormaphidini) on a host plant species (Hamamelis japonica) by examining the phylogenetic congruence between the geographical divergences of aphids and the host plant, and by comparing their gene expression patterns and resulting phenotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of aphids and the host plant showed that geographical isolation among host plant populations has interrupted gene flow in aphids and accelerated the speciation process. The concentration of phenolics and the complexity of the internal structure of galls were correlated with the expression levels of genes for the biosynthesis of phenolics and morphogenesis respectively. These results suggest that the expression levels of genes for the biosynthesis of phenolics and morphogenesis have evolutionarily increased in galls accelerated by the speciation process of aphids due to the distribution change of the host plant, leading to the related phenotypic evolution. Our study showed the evolutionary process of phenotypic traits in galls in the wild from both gene expression and actual phenotype levels.