bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative seismic analysis of a thin layer of CO2 in the Sleipner injection plume
Authors: Williams Gareth , Chadwick Andrew 
Published: September 2012

Time-lapse seismic reflection data have proved to be the key monitoring tool at the Sleipner [Formula: see text] injection project. Thin layers of [Formula: see text] in the Sleipner injection plume show striking reflectivity on the time-lapse data, but the derivation of accurate layer properties, such as thickness and velocity, remains very challenging. This is because the rock physics properties are not well-constrained nor are [Formula: see text] distributions on a small scale. However, because the reflectivity is dominantly composed of interference wavelets from thin-layer tuning, the amplitude and frequency content of the wavelets can be diagnostic of their temporal thickness. A spectral decomposition algorithm based on the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution has been developed. This enables single frequency slices to be extracted with sufficient frequency and temporal resolution to provide diagnostic spectral information on individual [Formula: see text] layers. The topmost layer of [Formula: see text] in the plume is particularly suitable for this type of analysis because it is not affected by attenuation from overlying [Formula: see text] layers and because there are areas in which it is temporally isolated from deeper layers. Initial application of the algorithm to the topmost layer shows strong evidence of thin-layer tuning effects. Analysis of tuning frequencies on high-resolution 2D data suggests that layer two-way temporal thicknesses in the range 6 to 11 ms can be derived with an accuracy of c. 2 ms. Direct measurements of reflectivity from the top and the base of the layer permit calculation of layer velocity, with values of around [Formula: see text], in reasonable agreement with existing rock physics estimates. The frequency analysis can, therefore, provide diagnostic information on layer thicknesses in the range of 4 to 8 ms. The method is currently being extended to the full 3D time-lapse data sets at Sleipner.
Informed Consent for Blood Transfusion
Authors: Friedman Mark , Arja Wajih , Batra Rashmi , Daniel Sugganth , Hoehn Daniela , Paniz Alberto Mondolfi , Selegean Sorin , Slova Denisa , Srivastava Swati , Vergara Norge 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Blood transfusion is a common intervention in the hospital setting, and its benefits may not be clear but it has associated risks. Despite this, transfusion consent may not be obtained satisfactorily. We assessed transfusion consent effectiveness by comparing information given by residents with information understood by patients who receive transfusions. Medicine department residents who obtained consent were surveyed via telephone in conjunction with bedside surveys of adult inpatients who received transfusions. A total of 43 patient and 34 resident surveys were completed. Deficiencies in the transfusion consent process were noted. Discussed transfusion benefits (such as wound healing) were not always true benefits whereas some important risks (such as transfusion-related acute lung injury) were infrequently conferred. Risks were more often reported as “not discussed” than benefits. Only a few participants were aware of the hospital's Transfusion Health Guide, which provides information on transfusion benefits, risks, and alternatives.
Development of a hollow laser beam for micromachining
Authors: Demirci Erkan , Nölke Christian , Kaierle Stefan , Matteazzi Paolo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Current laser cladding technologies have limited resolutions of about 50 μm. A new solution has been developed within the project ‘Nanomicro’ to improve the spatial resolution. The ‘micro hollow laser beam system’ and a deposition system for highly focused metal micropowders are innovative parts within a high-precision 3D micromanufacturing laser cladding platform. We demonstrate, here, a new hollow laser sintering concept that is aiming on more efficient laser cladding and manufacturing of highly precise and functional parts in the range of a few microns.
Effects of short-term testosterone administration on variables of the metabolic syndrome, in particular aldosterone
Authors: Goncharov Nikolay , Katsya Gulinara , Gaivoronskaya Lidiya , Zoloedov Vladimir , Uskov Valentin , Gooren Louis 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background: The ATPIII criteria of the metabolic syndrome (MS) comprise impaired fasting glucose (>5.6 nmol/L), waist circumference >102 cm, hypertension (>130/85 mm Hg), high triglycerides (>1.7 nmol/L) and low HDL cholesterol (≤1.03 nmol/L). Aldosterone is currently recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance, linking hypertension to MS and obesity. Further, the MS is related to psychological functioning.

Materials and methods: Forty-two men older than 40 years with BMI >30 kg/m2, chronic heart failure (CHF) and serum testosterone (T) <12.0 nmol/L were recruited. Of these 42, 26 consented to T treatment and received two injections with T undecanoate 1000 mg. Biochemical variables relevant for the MS and also serum aldosterone were determined before and after injections; an echocardiography and Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale were also utilized.

Results and conclusions: After 24 weeks of testosterone administration, there were significant declines of insulin and homeostatic model assessment and of serum aldosterone, but no changes in blood pressure. Serum glucose declined but not significantly (p=0.073). There was a slight increase in LDL cholesterol and a decrease in triglycerides. Other variables of MS and other biochemical variables did not change. Echocardiographical variables did not change. The AMS showed improvements over the first 3 months after testosterone administration but, although sustained, there was no further improvement. Short-term testosterone administration over 24 weeks led to some improvements of variables of the MS, notably of aldosterone. Longer-term studies are needed to analyze whether the decrease in serum aldosterone will improve blood pressure and glycemic control.
A Review of Microblogging in the Enterprise
Authors: Stocker Alexander , Richter Alexander , Riemer Kai 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
As a worldwide phenomenon, Microblogging has gained increasing popularity. Twitter has not only attracted more than 100 Million active users in its six year history but is also said to have a considerable impact on public communication as is signified by its use during the Arab spring movement. In the corporate arena, the Enterprise Microblogging platform Yammer claims to have grown to more than 100000 corporate users. Since Microblogging is claimed to have benefits in fostering communication and knowledge sharing within enterprises, it seems timely to take a closer look at the phenomenon. Our paper summarizes the state of the art on Enterprise Microblogging. It reviews three Enterprise Microblogging case studies and compares their key findings regarding implementation, use and created benefits.
Social Software Beyond the Desktop — Ambient Awareness and Ubiquitous Activity Streaming
Authors: Ott Florian , Koch Michael 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Our daily work in the information society relies on creating, editing and collecting different information objects. Without additional presentation mechanisms these activities of particular knowledge workers remain hidden in the underlying IT systems. The resulting lack of awareness can lead to inefficient coordination as well as to the duplication of work in the worst case. Activity streams from Social Software offer new ways to increase the awareness, but the desktop-based user interfaces in typical organizational settings currently only utilize a small portion of their full socio-technical potential. In this paper we present CommunityMirrors as one potential solution to this problem.
Spektral abstimmbare IR-Sensoren für die industrielle Prozessmesstechnik und die medizinische Gasanalyse
Authors: Ebermann Martin , Neumann Norbert , Hiller Karla , Meinig Marco 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Mikrospektrometer besitzen ein großes Potenzial in der IR-Absorptionsspektroskopie. Im Beitrag werden durchstimmbare IR-Sensoren für das mittlere und langwellige Infrarot vorgestellt, welche auf pyroelektrischen Detektoren und mikromechanischen Fabry-Pérot-Filtern basieren. Ausgewählte Beispielapplikationen aus der medizinischen und industriellen Analytik werden erläutert und ein Ausblick auf eine neue Generation höher auflösender und schnellerer FP-Spektrometer gegeben.
Autonome Sensorpartikel zur Prozessdiagnose in Großbehältern
Authors: Reinecke Sebastian , Hampel Uwe 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Zur Erfassung räumlich verteilter Parameter in Prozessbehältern wurde das Konzept autonomer Sensorpartikel entwickelt und getestet. Die Sensorpartikel sind auftriebsneutral und bewegen sich frei mit der vorherrschenden Strömung im Prozess. Die integrierte Messelektronik erfasst die Signale der internen Messfühler für die Temperatur, die Eintauchtiefe und die Beschleunigung in einem autonomen und energieeffizienten Messregime. Die Validierung des Messsystems erfolgte unter realen Strömungsbedingungen in einem Versuchsfermenter. Die aufgenommenen Messdaten und die daraus extrahierten Prozesskenndaten charakterisieren den Zustand des Prozesses und die Strömungsbedingungen.
Thermoelemente für den Einsatz in Abgassystemen von Verbrennungsmotoren
Authors: Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Mammen Helge , Ament Christoph , Güther Thomas 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Thermoelemente, die in Abgassystemen von Verbrennungsmotoren eingesetzt werden, sind großen Temperaturgradienten und -sprüngen (ΔT > 900 K), hohen Anströmgeschwindigkeiten und Drücken ausgesetzt. Bei der Herstellung dieser Thermoelemente muss ein Kompromiss zwischen den daraus resultierenden hohen Anforderungen an die mechanisch-thermische Stabilität, die Messgenauigkeit und den für die Motorregelung notwendigen schnellen Ansprechzeiten gefunden werden. Auch eine numerische Korrektur des Messsignals kann einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Sensordynamik liefern.
Degradation of Lithium Ion Batteries under Complex Conditions of Use
Authors: Wenzl Heinz , Haubrock André , Beck Hans-Peter 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
It is well known that lithium ion batteries degrade due to cycling (cycle life), but also when in standby mode with little or no current throughput (calendar life). Experimental results exist which show the lifetime of a battery under either of these conditions, cycling or standby operation. Results for an application specific mix of cycling and standby operation are, however, not readily available in the scientific literature. The ageing mechanisms of these two modes of operation differ in their impact on capacity and internal resistance as the two most important performance characteristics of a battery. The question is how the ageing mechanisms interact and how certain ageing mechanisms occurring particularly in one mode of operation affect ageing mechanisms which occur predominantly in the other mode of operation. As the conditions of use are very different in terms of current amplitude, state-of-charge and temperature, it is clear that the interaction needs to be considered taking the application into account by using application specific load collectives.
This paper will discuss how to approach this problem, shows first results and their relevance for vehicle batteries when used for vehicle to grid operation.
Ion Transfer Mechanisms Accompanying p-Doping of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Films in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Hillman A. Robert , Ryder Karl S. , Zaleski Christopher J. , Fullarton Claire , Smith Emma L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Redox-driven ion transfer processes accompanying p-doping and undoping were investigated for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films. The PEDOT films were potentiostatically grown from acetonitrile solutions of monomer onto the Au electrodes of 10 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal resonators. The films were then sequentially exposed to 0.1 M LiClO4/CH3CN solution and to two deep eutectic solvent (DES) media, Ethaline 200 (choline chloride and ethylene glycol in 1:2 molar ratio) and Propaline 200 (choline chloride and propylene glycol in 1:2 molar ratio). In each case, the electron and ion transfer processes accompanying PEDOT redox switching were investigated using the EQCM. The maintenance of film electroneutrality was achieved in quite different ways in the three media. In contrast to anion transfer domination in 0.1 M LiClO4/CH3CN solution, cation transfer (in the opposite direction) was dominant in Ethaline 200. In Propaline 200, a two stage mixed mechanism was observed, with cation transfer domination in the early stages of p-doping (later stages of undoping) and anion transfer domination in the later stages of p-doping (earlier stages of undoping). The roles of thermodynamic and kinetic factors in these competitive situations were explored by observing the effect of experimental timescale (potential scan rate) in voltammetric experiments.
Surface Modification of a n-Si(111) Electrode through Aldehyde Grafting and Subsequent Metallization: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Metzler Martin , Fantauzzi Donato , Anton Josef , Jacob Timo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Motivated by our previous studies on metallic substrates, in the present work we addressed the functionalization and the subsequent metallization of a hydrogen-terminated n-Si(111) electrode. DFT provides atomistic insights on the grafting mechanism of 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (C6H5NO) what encouraged electrochemical investigations, i. e. cyclic voltammetry and in-situ STM, combined with XPS measurements which together provide evidence for a successful transfer of the so far obtained knowledge from metal single crystal to semiconductor surfaces.
The Prevalence of Platybasia in Patients with Velopharyngeal Incompetence
Authors: Nachmani Ariela , Aizenbud Dror , Berger Gilead , Berger Rachel L. , Hazan-Molina Hagai , Finkelstein Yehuda 
Published: September 2012

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of platybasia in patients with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) and its relation with palatal anomalies and syndromes. Design and Settings Retrospective case analysis. Setting A university-affiliated hospital. Patients The VPI patients (n =366) included five groups with either cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP) only, submucous cleft palate (SMCP), occult submucous cleft palate (OSMCP), or non-CP. The control group (n = 126) comprised healthy, normal-speech individuals. Outcome Measures The cranial-base angle was measured by lateral cephalometric radiography. The prevalence of platybasia (defined as cranial base angle > 137°) was estimated and the patient's syndromes were recorded. Results The prevalence of platybasia was significantly higher in the VPI group (28.7%) than in the normal controls (2.4%) (P < .001). A significant difference (P < .01) was found in the prevalence of platybasia among the five VPI groups: 16.7%, 20.3%, 28.8%, 33.7%, and 40.3% for CLP, CP only, SMCP, OSMCP, and non-CP, respectively. No significant difference was found between the cranial-base angle of VPI patients and of controls and between the cranial-base angle of the five VPI groups. The VPI nonplatybasic patients had a significantly smaller cranial-base angle than normal controls (P < .01). Platybasia was the highest among patients with velocardiofacial syndrome (50%), followed by those with Pierre Robin syndrome (27.3%). Conclusions Platybasia, which may cause enlargement of the nasopharyngeal space and difficulties in achieving velopharyngeal closure, can be found in high numbers of VPI patients with or without CP. This supports the belief that velopharyngeal anomaly may be part of a more complex craniofacial anomaly influenced by the cranial-base flexure.
License to Operate: Nontechnical Risks and Shale Gas Development in Europe
Authors: Nuyens Dirk , Heinz Walter , Hiller Dieter 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper discusses how non-technical risks are impacting shale gas developments in Europe and how challenging it is to obtain the Social License to Operate. Although still at the early exploration phase, most European developments are already significantly hit by stakeholder concerns, lack of public acceptance and often lack of government support. Some European countries have even halted early exploration - at least temporarily - by political decision. Most of the public concerns are of environmental nature, especially linked to the use of chemical additives in the hydraulic fracturing process and related concerns about potential groundwater impacts, but hardly any is based on real events in Europe. Most concerns have developed on the back of perception and experiences in the US. This paper also takes a critical look at the discrepancy between public environmental concerns and real environmental risks.
Initial experience in Europe has shown that the non-technical challenges have initially been underestimated, and that huge efforts are necessary to gain public acceptance and political support. A lot of efforts have already been put on stakeholder engagement, public information on technical processes, disclosure of chemicals and initial promotion campaigns, but the acceptance in most parts of Europe – Poland being the only exception - remains challenging. Besides technical and regulatory requirements, obtaining a "social license to operate" is thus of increasing importance for the success of a project.
A Non-Pressure Dependent Method for Forecasting Rate and Reserves in Linear Flowing Conventional and Unconventional Wells
Authors: Easley T. Greg 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Currently, most reserves estimates in horizontal wells drilled in unconventional environments are done using modified hyperbolic decline. However, most of the observed production data is recorded when the well is in linear flow, and as such b factors larger than one are frequently observed and terminal decline rates are based on estimations. Attempts at correct for this behavior such as modified power law decline tend to require just as many variables to match curves.
In this paper we will propose a method for decline curve analysis of wells that can be generalized to any well that has linear flow behavior. This equation can be integrated and shown to match curves as well as other methods of decline curve analysis and reserve estimation currently available. Lastly, the method will be shown to be highly robust and effective in a number of difficult to forecast environments.
Has the Economic Stage Count Been Reached in the Bakken Shale?
Authors: Baihly Jason , Altman Raphael , Aviles Isaac 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Bakken is one of the most active basins in the world in terms of number of rigs, with over 200 operating on the US side of the US-Canadian border. Production has rapidly increased from 100,000 BOPD in 2005 to 600,000 BOPD in 2012 in the state of North Dakota with the majority of production coming from the Bakken (Uptream Online, 2012). Greater horizontal drilling activity and a continuing increase in the number of hydraulic fracture stages per lateral have helped North Dakota grow its oil production six-fold in just seven years.
The Bakken is a fairly tight dolomitic siltstone requiring hydraulic fractures to produce economically. The stage count for hydraulic fracture treatments averaged nearly three stages in early 2007 and increased steadily over time to nearly 30 stages in late 2011. Some wells have even been completed with 40 or more stages. With the ever increasing stage count, the question remains: has the economic stage count limit been reached in the Bakken?
This paper analyzes the stage count versus the production impact of horizontal Bakken wells to determine if the economic stage count has been reached in the play. Wells are grouped and analyzed based on geographic considerations to help normalize for changes in geologic attributes such as natural fractures, reservoir quality, and net pay. Lateral length was also taken into account as varied lengths can impact stage spacing and interference issues.
Analyses were run with various oil and well service costs to determine how the economic stage count may change over time. If the economic limit was not reached under certain circumstances, this paper analyzes possible scenarios to determine when the economic stage count would be reached. This approach should provide insight into how other unconventional oil plays can evolve in the future.
Analytical Probabilistic Reserve Estimation by Volumetric Method and Aggregation of Resources
Authors: Karacaer C. , Onur M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In oil and natural gas production projects, many investment and development plans are based on oil and gas reserve estimates. There is a large uncertainty in the calculation of hydrocarbon reserves because the input variables always contain uncertainties to some degree that propagate into reserve estimates. From the view point of a field investment, an accurate assessment of uncertainty in reserves is crucial for making decisions that will create value and/or mitigate loss in value. Therefore, to make good decisions, one must be able to accurately assess and manage the uncertainties and risks. In this study, we present an analytical uncertainty propagation method (AUPM) for modeling of uncertainties on volumetric reserve estimations. Analytical uncertainty propagation equations (AUPEs) are derived based on a Taylor-series expansion around the mean values of the input variables. The AUPEs are general in that correlation among the input variables, if it exists, can also be accounted for on the resulting uncertainty. Comparative studies that we have conducted show that the AUPM is as accurate as the Monte Carlo method (MCM). The AUPM provides a fast alternative to Monte Carlo simulation for accurately characterizing uncertainty markers such as variance, P90, P50, and P10. In addition, we present uncertainty percentage coefficient for simulating uncertainty contribution of each parameter and correlated parameter pairs to the total uncertainty in volumetric calculations.
We also discuss the problem of probabilistic aggregation of reserves for projects involving more than one reservoir or field. We provide a general analytical formulation for estimating the values of mean, variance, P10, P50 and P90 for aggregated estimates. Probabilistic aggregation requires the knowledge of pair-wise correlation of the fields. In this study, we propose uncertainty sorting method (USM) to determine pair-wise correlation coefficients for multiple resources. The method provides a simple and fast analytical approach based on uncertainty percentage coefficient of individual field parameters. Proposed analytical models can be used as a fast tool eliminating the need for MCM.