bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Pathology: Systematic Literature Reviews as the Basis for Guidelines and Best Practices
Authors: Marchevsky Alberto M. , Wick Mark R. 
Published: October 2014

ContextEvidence-based medicine has been proposed as a new paradigm for the identification and evaluation of medical information. Best available evidence or data are identified and used as the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients. Evidence-based pathology has adapted basic evidence-based medicine concepts to the specific needs of pathology and laboratory medicine.ObjectivesTo briefly review the history and basic concepts of evidence-based medicine and evidence-based pathology, describe how to perform and interpret systematic reviews, and discuss how to integrate best evidence into guidelines.Data SourcesPubMed (National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC) and Web of Science (Thompson Reuters, New York, New York) were used.ConclusionsEvidence-based pathology provides methodology to evaluate the quality of information published in pathology journals and apply it to the diagnosis of tissue samples and other tests from individual patients. Information is gathered through the use of systematic reviews, using a method that is less biased and more comprehensive than ad hoc literature searches. Published data are classified into evidence levels to provide readers with a quick impression about the quality and probable clinical validity of available information. Best available evidence is combined with personal experience for the formulation of evidence-based, rather than opinion-based, guidelines that address specific practice needs.
Efficient and Cost-Effective Generation of Mature Neurons From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Badja Cherif , Maleeva Galyna , El-Yazidi Claire , Barruet Emilie , Lasserre Manon , Tropel Philippe , Binetruy Bernard , Bregestovski Piotr , Magdinier Frédérique 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

For years, our ability to study pathological changes in neurological diseases has been hampered by the lack of relevant models until the recent groundbreaking work from Yamanaka's group showing that it is feasible to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human somatic cells and to redirect the fate of these iPSCs into differentiated cells. In particular, much interest has focused on the ability to differentiate human iPSCs into neuronal progenitors and functional neurons for relevance to a large number of pathologies including mental retardation and behavioral or degenerative syndromes. Current differentiation protocols are time-consuming and generate limited amounts of cells, hindering use on a large scale. We describe a feeder-free method relying on the use of a chemically defined medium that overcomes the need for embryoid body formation and neuronal rosette isolation for neuronal precursors and terminally differentiated neuron production. Four days after induction, expression of markers of the neurectoderm lineage is detectable. Between 4 and 7 days, neuronal precursors can be expanded, frozen, and thawed without loss of proliferation and differentiation capacities or further differentiated. Terminal differentiation into the different subtypes of mature neurons found in the human brain were observed. At 6–35 days after induction, cells express typical voltage-gated and ionotrophic receptors for GABA, glycine, and acetylcholine. This specific and efficient single-step strategy in a chemically defined medium allows the production of mature neurons in 20–40 days with multiple applications, especially for modeling human pathologies.
Les liens entre le système de production lean manufacturing et la santé au travail : une recension de la littérature
Authors: Bruère Sébastien 
Published: October 2014

Dans cet article, nous faisons état d’une recension de textes portant sur les liens entre le lean manufacturing et la santé des travailleurs. Le lean est un système de production actuellement en vogue dans les pays occidentaux, inspiré directement du modèle Toyota qui, aujourd’hui, se développe tant dans l’industrie que dans les services. Il pose de nombreuses questions à la prévention des risques professionnels du fait, notamment, de l’amélioration continue dont il est l’objet et qui conduit à une inconstance des situations de travail. L’amélioration continue que ce système propose est une réponse à l’évolution des marchés, en matière de flexibilité, de concurrence, de qualité, etc. À la suite de la revue des écrits sur le sujet que nous avons menée, nous avons retenu 58 textes des littératures anglo-saxonne et francophone. Parmi ces textes, neuf montrent des progrès du lean par rapport au taylorisme au regard de dispositifs donnés. À l’opposé, vingt-neuf textes mentionnent des effets négatifs pour la santé. Les vingt autres textes se situent également entre les deux regards posés, avec des résultats qui sont non concluants, changeants ou mitigés. En nous plaçant du point de vue de l’activité de travail réellement déployée dans ces situations de travail, nous comprenons de ces résultats comment certains dispositifs organisationnels peuvent avoir des effets ambivalents ou paradoxaux, selon la manière dont ils sont conçus et dont ils fonctionnent.
The flow structure of jets from transient sources and implications for modeling short‐duration explosive volcanic eruptions
Authors: Chojnicki K. N. , Clarke A. B. , Adrian R. J. , Phillips J. C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe used laboratory experiments to examine the rise process in neutrally buoyant jets that resulted from an unsteady supply of momentum, a condition that defines plumes from discrete Vulcanian and Strombolian‐style eruptions. We simultaneously measured the analog‐jet discharge rate (the supply rate of momentum) and the analog‐jet internal velocity distribution (a consequence of momentum transport and dilution). Then, we examined the changes in the analog‐jet velocity distribution over time to assess the impact of the supply‐rate variations on the momentum‐driven rise dynamics. We found that the analog‐jet velocity distribution changes significantly and quickly as the supply rate varied, such that the whole‐field distribution at any instant differed considerably from the time average. We also found that entrainment varied in space and over time with instantaneous entrainment coefficient values ranging from 0 to 0.93 in an individual unsteady jet. Consequently, we conclude that supply‐rate variations exert first‐order control over jet dynamics, and therefore cannot be neglected in models without compromising their capability to predict large‐scale eruption behavior. These findings emphasize the fundamental differences between unsteady and steady jet dynamics, and show clearly that: (i) variations in source momentum flux directly control the dynamics of the resulting flow; (ii) impulsive flows driven by sources of varying flux cannot reasonably be approximated by quasi‐steady flow models. New modeling approaches capable of describing the time‐dependent properties of transient volcanic eruption plumes are needed before their trajectory, dilution, and stability can be reliably computed for hazards management.
Anthropophile elements in river sediments: Overview from the Seine River, France
Authors: Chen Jiu‐Bin , Gaillardet Jérôme , Bouchez Julien , Louvat Pascale , Wang Yi‐Na 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn contrast to larger river systems that drain relatively pristine basins, little is known about the sediment geochemistry of rivers impacted by intense human activities. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the anthropogenic overprints on element geochemistry in sediments of the human‐impacted Seine River, France. Most elements are fractionated by grain size, as shown by the comparison between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and riverbank deposits (RBD). The RBD are particularly coarse and enriched in carbonates and heavy minerals and thus in elements such as Ba, Ca, Cr, Hf, Mg, Na, REEs, Sr, Ti, Th, and Zr. Although the enrichment/depletion pattern of some elements (e.g., K, REEs, and Zr) can largely be explained by a binary mixture between two sources, other elements such as Ag, Bi, Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, W, and Zn in SPM in Paris show that a third end‐member having anthropogenic characteristics is needed to account for their enrichment at low water stage. These “anthropophile” elements, with high enrichment factors (EFs) relative to the upper continental crust (UCC), display a progressive enrichment downstream and different geochemical behaviors with respect to the hydrodynamic conditions (e.g., grain size) compared to elements having mainly a natural origin. Our findings emphasize the need for systematic studies of these anthropophile elements in other human‐impacted rivers using geochemical normalization techniques, and stress the importance of studying the chemical variability associated with hydrodynamic conditions when characterizing riverine element geochemistry and assessing their flux to the ocean.
Ice‐front variations and speed changes of calving glaciers in the Southern Patagonia Icefield from 1984 to 2011
Authors: Sakakibara Daiki , Sugiyama Shin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPatagonian icefields are losing volume, and their loss is due partly to rapid changes in their outlet glaciers that terminate in lakes or the ocean. Despite this key influence from outlet glaciers, relatively few of these calving glaciers have had high‐frequency measurements on their frontal variations and ice speed changes. We describe here recent frontal variations and ice speed changes of all 28 major calving glaciers in the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI), including ice speed maps covering approximately half of the entire icefield. The analysis is based on satellite data from 1984 to 2011. Over this period, only the two termini of Glaciar Pío XI advanced. Of the remaining glacial fronts, 12 changed less than ±0.5 km, but 17 retreated at least 0.5 km. In the latter group, three glacial fronts (Glaciar Jorge Montt, HPS12, and Upsala) retreated over 6 km. Averaged over all 31 glacial fronts of the calving glaciers, the front positions retreated 1.56 km (median is 0.71 km). Along the flowline within 20 km of the front, the ice speeds up to 5900 ± 200 m a−1. Except for regions showing large acceleration or deceleration, the mean speed over the measured area decreased by 30 m a−1 from 1984 to 2011. The three most rapidly retreating glaciers showed much larger acceleration near the calving front, suggesting that ice dynamics drive their rapid retreat. Thus, we see retreat as a long‐term trend for the calving glaciers in the SPI, with behavior that implies a dynamically controlled rapid recession that may explain the recently reported volume change of the SPI.
The influence of spatially variable stream hydraulics on reach scale transient storage modeling
Authors: Schmadel Noah M. , Neilson Bethany T. , Heavilin Justin E. , Stevens David K. , Wörman Anders 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWithin the context of reach scale transient storage modeling, there is limited understanding of how best to establish reach segment lengths that represent the effects of spatially variable hydraulic and geomorphic channel properties. In this paper, we progress this understanding through the use of channel property distributions derived from high‐resolution imagery that are fundamental for hydraulic routing. We vary the resolution of reach segments used in the model representation and investigate the minimum number necessary to capture spatially variable influences on downstream predictions of solute residence time probability density functions while sufficiently representing the observed channel property distributions. We also test if the corresponding statistical moments of the predictions provide comparable results and, therefore, a method for establishing appropriate reach segment lengths. We find that the predictions and the moment estimates begin to represent the majority of the variability at reach segment lengths coinciding with distances where observed channel properties are spatially correlated. With this approach, reach scales where the channel properties no longer significantly change predictions can be established, which provides a foundation for more focused transient storage modeling efforts.
Pediatric anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis is seasonal
Authors: Adang Laura A. , Lynch David R. , Panzer Jessica A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the majority of pediatric anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) cases, the underlying cause of antibody production and subsequent disease remains unknown. We aimed to characterize this poorly understood population, investigating epidemiological factors potentially related to disease etiology, particularly season of onset. In this retrospective case review study, we analyzed data from the 29 pediatric subjects with anti‐NMDAR antibodies and found that symptoms were first reported in the warm months of April–September in 78% of non‐tumor‐related NMDARe (NT‐NMDARe) cases. These findings support further investigation into a possible seasonal trigger of NT‐NMDARe.
Photomechanical Actuation of Ligand Geometry in Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Kean Zachary S. , Akbulatov Sergey , Tian Yancong , Widenhoefer Ross A. , Boulatov Roman , Craig Stephen L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA catalyst that couples a photoswitch to the biaryl backbone of a chiral bis(phosphine) ligand, thus allowing photochemical manipulation of ligand geometry without perturbing the electronic structure is reported. The changes in catalyst activity and selectivity upon switching can be attributed to intramolecular mechanical forces, thus laying the foundation for a new class of catalysts whose selectivity can be varied smoothly and in situ over a useful range by controlling molecular stress experienced by the catalyst during turnover. Forces on the order of 100 pN are generated, thus leading to measurable changes in the enantioselectivities of asymmetric Heck arylations and Trost allylic alkylations. The differential coupling between applied force and competing stereochemical pathways is quantified and found to be more efficient for the Heck arylations.
“Photoclick” Postsynthetic Modification of DNA
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new DNA building block bearing a push–pull‐substituted diaryltetrazole linked to the 5‐position of 2′‐deoxyuridine through an aminopropynyl group was synthesized. The accordingly modified oligonucleotide allows postsynthetic labeling with a maleimide‐modified sulfo‐Cy3 dye, N‐methylmaleimide, and methylmethacrylate as dipolarophiles by irradiation at 365 nm (LED). The determined rate constant of (23±7) M−1 s−1 is remarkably high with respect to other copper‐free bioorthogonal reactions and comparable with the copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition between azides and acetylenes.
Racemic DNA Crystallography
Authors: Mandal Pradeep K. , Collie Gavin W. , Kauffmann Brice , Huc Ivan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRacemates increase the chances of crystallization by allowing molecular contacts to be formed in a greater number of ways. With the advent of protein synthesis, the production of protein racemates and racemic‐protein crystallography are now possible. Curiously, racemic DNA crystallography had not been investigated despite the commercial availability of L‐ and D‐deoxyribo‐oligonucleotides. Here, we report a study into racemic DNA crystallography showing the strong propensity of racemic DNA mixtures to form racemic crystals. We describe racemic crystal structures of various DNA sequences and folded conformations, including duplexes, quadruplexes, and a four‐way junction, showing that the advantages of racemic crystallography should extend to DNA.
Influences of dicumyl peroxide on morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) blends via vane‐extruder
Authors: Yang Li , Huang Jintao , Lu Xiang , Jia Shikui , Zhang Haichen , Jin Gang , Qu Jinping 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPolypropylene (PP) and poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) block copolymer (SBS) were melt‐blended in the presence of initiator system. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP)/Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) via self‐deigned VE, aiming at in situ reactive compatibilization of toughed PP/SBS blend. The reactivity, morphology and mechanical properties of PP/SBS/DCP/TAIC blends were studied. Online torque detection was conducted to monitor changes in viscosities of reactive compatibilized blends, which could give proof of the interfacial grafted reaction induced by DCP/TAIC system. The effect of reactive compatibilization on the dispersed particles sizes and interfacial adhesion was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Analysis on mechanical performance revealed the impact strength improved after treated by initiator system, moreover, the impact‐fractured surface observation showed, the failure mode changed from debonding mechanism of neat 50PP/50SBS blend to plastic deformation mechanism of blend containing 3.0 phr initiator system. With improved interfacial adhesion, compatibilized blends not only were toughened but also exhibited enhanced tensile strength and thermal stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed a reduction of
between PP phase and the PB segments in SBS phase, indicating reactive compatibilization of the blend was achieved. In the final part, a brief discussion was given about the dominant effects from chain scission of PP matrix to intergrafting reactions of PP and SBS, under different content of DCP/TAIC initiator system. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41543.
Ablation properties of aluminum silicate ceramic fibers and calcium carbonate filled silicone rubber composites
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Yu Lin , Luo Wei , Chen Yang , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe ablative performance of aluminum silicate ceramic fiber (ASF) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filled silicone rubber composites prepared through a two‐roll mill was examined. The properties of the composites were investigated by thermogravimetry, thermal conductivity measurements, and oxyacetylene torch testing. After the material was burnt, the structure and composition of the char were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the ablation test showed that the ablation resistance improved greatly in an appropriate filler scope. Combined with SEM, it was proven that a firm, dense, and thermal insulation layer, which formed on the composites surface during the oxyacetylene torch test, was a critical factor in determining the ablation properties. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the composites was enhanced by the incorporation of ASF and CaCO3. The thermal conductivity measurements showed that the silicone rubber composites had a very low thermal conductivity ranging from 0.206 to 0.442 W m−1 K−1; this significantly prevented heat from transferring into the inner matrix at the beginning of the burning process. The proportion of 20/40 phr (ASF/CaCO3) was optimum for improving the ablation resistance of the silicone rubber composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41619.
A Disulfide Intercalator Toolbox for the Site‐Directed Modification of Polypeptides
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Yuzhou , Kuan Seah Ling , Dumele Oliver , Lamla Markus , Ng David Y. W. , Arzt Matthias , Thomas Jessica , Mueller Jan O. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Weil Tanja 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA disulfide intercalator toolbox was developed for site‐specific attachment of a broad variety of functional groups to proteins or peptides under mild, physiological conditions. The peptide hormone somatostatin (SST) served as model compound for intercalation into the available disulfide functionalization schemes starting from the intercalator or the reactive SST precursor before or after bioconjugation. A tetrazole–SST derivative was obtained that undergoes photoinduced cycloaddition in mammalian cells, which was monitored by live‐cell imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparation of Primary Amides via Activation of Carboxylic Acids with Ethyl Chloroformate and Triethylamine under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Noguchi Takuya , Sekine Masahiro , Yokoo Yuki , Jung Seunghee , Imai Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe amidation of N‐protected α‐amino acids proceeds without racemization.
Reducing the sensitivity to nuisance parameters in pseudo‐likelihood functions
Authors: Ning Yang , Liang Kung‐Yee , Reid Nancy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn a parametric model, parameters are often partitioned into parameters of interest and nuisance parameters. However, as the data structure becomes more complex, inference based on the full likelihood may be computationally intractable or sensitive to potential model misspecification. Alternative likelihood‐based methods proposed in these settings include pseudo‐likelihood and composite likelihood. We propose a simple adjustment to these likelihood functions to reduce the impact of nuisance parameters. The advantages of the modification are illustrated through examples and reinforced through simulations. The adjustment is still novel even if attention is restricted to the profile likelihood.The Canadian Journal of Statistics42: 544–562; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Rewilding the tropics, and other conservation translocations strategies in the tropicalAsia‐Pacific region
Authors: Louys Julien , Corlett Richard T. , Price Gilbert J. , Hawkins Stuart , Piper Philip J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlarm over the prospects for survival of species in a rapidly changing world has encouraged discussion of translocation conservation strategies that move beyond the focus of ‘at‐risk’ species. These approaches consider larger spatial and temporal scales than customary, with the aim of recreating functioning ecosystems through a combination of large‐scale ecological restoration and species introductions. The term ‘rewilding’ has come to apply to this large‐scale ecosystem restoration program. While reintroductions of species within their historical ranges have become standard conservation tools, introductions within known paleontological ranges—but outside historical ranges—are more controversial, as is the use of taxon substitutions for extinct species. Here, we consider possible conservation translocations for nine large‐bodied taxa in tropical Asia‐Pacific. We consider the entire spectrum of conservation translocation strategies as defined by theIUCNin addition to rewilding. The taxa considered are spread across diverse taxonomic and ecological spectra and all are listed as ‘endangered’ or ‘critically endangered’ by theIUCNin our region of study. They all have a written and fossil record that is sufficient to assess past changes in range, as well as ecological and environmental preferences, and the reasons for their decline, and they have all suffered massive range restrictions since the late Pleistocene. General principles, problems, and benefits of translocation strategies are reviewed as case studies. These allowed us to develop a conservation translocation matrix, with taxa scored for risk, benefit, and feasibility. Comparisons between taxa across this matrix indicated that orangutans, tapirs, Tasmanian devils, and perhaps tortoises are the most viable taxa for translocations. However, overall the case studies revealed a need for more data and research for all taxa, and their ecological and environmental needs. Rewilding the Asian‐Pacific tropics remains a controversial conservation strategy, and would be difficult in what is largely a highly fragmented area geographically.