bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical and magnetic properties of Er‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Bhaumik S. , Ray S. K. , Das A. K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEr‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized with varying Er concentration by a sol–gel method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopic studies reveal the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and the crystallite size decreases with the increase of Er concentration in SnO2. For higher Er concentration, the evolution of Er2O3 as a secondary phase is detected. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study depicts the existence of 4d level of Er along with a partially filled 4f state. Infrared photoluminescence (IRPL) measurement shows a strong emission peak at 1540 nm due to Er doping in the SnO2 nanoparticles, which quenches after 3 at% of Er concentration. Magnetic measurement reveals the antiferromagnetic (AFM) behavior of the Er‐doped samples, though there is an increase in magnetic moment with increase in Er concentration. Undoped SnO2 shows a weak ferromagnetic interaction, which could be due to the presence of anionic defects (O vacancy).
A RHEED investigation of self‐assembled GaN nanowire nucleation dynamics on bare Si and on Si covered with a thin AlN buffer layer
Authors: Hestroffer Karine , Daudin Bruno 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageBased on reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) experiments, we show that the nucleation delay of GaN nanowire growth by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy on nitrided Si(111) and on AlN/Si(111) exhibit similar behaviors in function of the substrate temperature and of the Ga flux. On bare Si(111), a finite delay, estimated to be one minute in our system and under our set of growth conditions, is necessary to form and subsequently amorphize crystalline β‐Si3N4 before GaN can start to form. Although the amorphization time is found to be independent of the substrate temperature, this process adds a supplemental delay within the overall delay in the growth of GaN nanowires on bare Si(111), compared to growth on AlN/Si(111) or on amorphous silicon nitride on Si(111). (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the lake effects of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Farley Nicholls James , Toumi Ralf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe impact of the Caspian Sea on precipitation and circulation is investigated. The control regional climate model simulation accurately represents the spatial and temporal pattern of observed precipitation and the upper atmospheric jet. From a simulation without the Caspian, it can be deduced that it causes a year‐round increase in evaporation and increases in precipitation in autumn and winter with little change in spring and summer. Over half of the over‐lake precipitation is attributable to the lake effect. These findings are confirmed through coupled simulation with a three‐dimensional lake model. The Caspian Sea's effect on surface air temperatures (an increase in winter and decrease in summer) causes an increase in cyclonicity in winter and anticyclonicity in spring and summer. These surface air temperature effects also penetrate higher up in the atmosphere, causing a perturbation of up to 25 m in the geopotential height at 200 hPa, leading to an increase in the maximum speed of the subtropical jet over western Asia during summer of 6.5%. An accurate description of the Caspian Sea in general circulation models is thus important for both local and regional climates.
Tracking the Down‐Regulation of Folate Receptor‐α in Cancer Cells through Target Specific Delivery of Quantum Dots Coupled with Antisense Oligonucleotide and Targeted Peptide
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Zhen , Yu Yong , Yu Rong‐Na , Wan Min , Zhang Rong‐Ying , Zhao Yuan‐Di 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBased on the multivalent binding capability of streptavidin (SA) to biotin, a multifunctional quantum dot probe (QD‐(AS‐ODN+p160)) coupled with antisense oligonucleotide (AS‐ODN) and peptide p160 is designed for real‐time tracking of targeted delivery of AS‐ODN and regulation of folate receptor‐α (hFR‐α) in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Fluorescence spectra, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are used to characterize the conjugation of AS‐ODN and p160 with quantum dots (QDs), DLS results confirm the well stability of the probe in aqueous media. Confocal imaging and quantitative flow cytometry show that QD‐(AS‐ODN+p160) is able to specifically target human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. Low temperature and ATP depletion treatments reveal the cellular uptake of QD‐(AS‐ODN+p160) is energy‐dependent, and the effects of inhibition agents and co‐localization imaging further confirm the endocytic pathway is mainly receptor‐mediated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the intracellular delivery and endosomal escape of QD probe along with incubation time extended. Two transfection concentrations of QD probe (10 nM and 50 nM) below half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value are chosen according to MTT assay. Real‐time PCR shows at these two concentration cases the relative mRNA expression levels of hFR‐α reduce to 72.5 ± 3.9% and 17.6 ± 1.0%, respectively. However, western blot and quantitative ELISA analysis show the expression level of hFR‐α protein has a significant decrease only at 50 nM, indicating that gene silence is concentration‐dependent. These results demonstrate that the QD‐(AS‐ODN+p160) probe not only achieves gene silence in a cell‐specific manner but also achieves real‐time tracking during AS‐ODN intracellular delivery.
MRI‐Visualized, Dual‐Targeting, Combined Tumor Therapy Using Magnetic Graphene‐Based Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Wang Yi , Huang Rongqin , Liang Guohai , Zhang Zhengyong , Zhang Peng , Yu Shaoning , Kong Jilie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTargeting peptide‐modified magnetic graphene‐based mesoporous silica (MGMSPI) are synthesized, characterized, and developed as a multifunctional theranostic platform. This system exhibits many merits, such as biocompatibility, high near‐infrared photothermal heating, facile magnetic separation, large T2 relaxation rates (r2), and a high doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that DOX‐loaded MGMSPI (MGMSPID) can integrate magnetic resonance imaging, dual‐targeting recognition (magnetic targeting and receptor‐mediated active targeting), and chemo‐photothermal therapy into a single system for a visualized‐synergistic therapy of glioma. In addition, it is observed that the MGMSPID system has heat‐stimulated, pH‐responsive, sustained release properties. All of these characteristics would provide a robust multifunctional theranostic platform for visualized glioma therapy.
An on‐demand data broadcasting scheduling algorithm based on dynamic index strategy
Authors: Hu Wenbin , Fan Cunlian , Luo Jiajia , Peng Chao , Du Bo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOn‐demand data broadcasting scheduling is an effective wireless data dissemination technique. Existing scheduling algorithms usually have two problems: (1) with the explosive growth of mobile users and real‐time individual requirements, broadcasting systems present a shortage of scalability, dynamics and timeliness (request drop ratio); (2) with the growth of intelligent and entertained application, energy consumption of mobile client cannot be persistent (tuning time). This paper proposes an effective scheduling algorithm LxRxW. It takes into account the number of lost requests during next item broadcasting time, the number of requests and the waiting time. LxRxW can reduce the request drop ratio. At the same time, the algorithm employs a dynamic index strategy to put forward a dynamic adjusting method on the index cycle length (DAIL) to determine the proper index cycle. Extensive experimental results show that the LxRxW algorithm has better performance than other state‐of‐the‐art scheduling algorithms and can significantly reduce the drop ratio of user requests by 40%–50%. The request drop ratio and accessing time of LxRxW with index increase by 1%–2% than LxRxW algorithm without index, but the tuning time decreases by 70%. The index strategy shows that when the index cycle length is less than 20units, it can significantly reduce the average tuning time but when the index cycle length continues increasing, the average tuning time will increase contrarily. DAIL can dynamically determine the length of index cycle. Moreover, it can reach optimal integrated performance of the request drop ratio, the average accessing time and the average tuning time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of real-time QPCR in biokinetics and modeling of two different ammonia-oxidizing bacteria growing simultaneously
Authors: Cho Kyungjin , Nguyen Duong Xuan , Lee Seungyong , Hwang Seokhwan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was used to evaluate biokinetic coefficients of Nitrosomonas nitrosa and N. cryotolerans clusters growing simultaneously in a batch mode of ammonia oxidation. The mathematical models based on Monod equation were employed to describe the competitive relationship between these clusters and were fitted to experimental data to obtain biokinetic values. The maximum growth rates (μ m), half-saturation coefficients (K S), microbial yields (Y) and decay coefficients (k d) of N. nitrosa and N. cryotolerans were 1.77 and 1.21 day−1, 23.25 and 23.06 mg N·L−1, 16 × 108 and 1 × 108 copies·mg N−1, 0.26 and 0.20 day−1, respectively. The estimated coefficients were applied for modeling continuous operations at various hydraulic retention times (HRTs) with an influent ammonia concentration of 300 mg N·L−1. Modeling results revealed that ammonia oxidation efficiencies were achieved 55–98 % at 0.8–10 days HRTs and that the system was predicted to be washed out at HRT of 0.7 days. Overall, use of QPCR for estimating biokinetic coefficients of the two AOB cluster growing simultaneously by use of ammonia were successful. This idea may open a new direction towards biokinetics of ammonia oxidation in which respirometry tests are usually employed.
Selective Synthesis of Glyceryl Tris[9,10‐(threo)‐dihydroxyoctadecanoate]
Authors: Elkin Igor , Hildgen Patrice 
Published: July 2013

AbstractElaborating novel triacylglyceride (TAG) based polyester hyperbranched unimolecular encapsulating agents represents an original and promising approach to the selective delivery of hydrophobic biologically active compounds. However, selective modification of double bonds in unsaturated TAG to obtain corresponding pure polyhydroxy derivatives with high yields is still a big challenge. Two novel approaches to synthesize the glyceryl tris[9,10‐(threo)‐dihydroxyoctadecanoate] were proposed and tested: (1) via the bromination and nucleophilic substitution of secondary halide functions by oxyacetyl groups followed by the hydrolysis of acetyls, and (2) direct transformation of the double bonds by the reaction with peroxoformic acid in an excess of formic acid, and the removal of formyl protective groups. Glycerol trioleate and natural olive oil were used as starting materials. The first synthetic route allowed for successful preparation of the corresponding polyhalide and polyoxyacetyl products; however, a more effective final deacetylation procedure is required. The second proposed approach showed a very good reproducibility in obtaining hydroxy‐oxyformyl derivatives. The optimal conditions of the reaction involve the use of diethyl ether as a cosolvent and stirring at room temperature for 30 min. To remove the formyl groups, three original procedures using organic solvent medium at room temperature were proposed: in the presence of cesium carbonate in chloroform–methanol mixture, and two methods using hydrochloric acid in chloroform–methanol mixture or in acetone. All three methods were efficient to carry out the deformylation; nevertheless, TAG esters remained stable only with 15–17 % hydrochloric acid in acetone. Simple isolation procedures and high overall yields (95.6 and 94.9 % for both triolein and olive oil, respectively) allow considering the second approach as a promising method to obtain threo‐polyhydroxy derivatives from unsaturated TAG.
Syntenic global alignment and its application to the gene prediction problem
Authors: Adi Said S. , Ferreira Carlos E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Given the increasing number of available genomic sequences, one now faces the task of identifying their protein coding regions. The gene prediction problem can be addressed in several ways, and one of the most promising methods makes use of information derived from the comparison of homologous sequences. In this work, we develop a new comparative-based gene prediction program, called Exon_Finder2. This tool is based on a new type of alignment we propose, called syntenic global alignment, that can deal satisfactorily with sequences that share regions with different rates of conservation. In addition to this new type of alignment itself, we also describe a dynamic programming algorithm that computes a best syntenic global alignment of two sequences, as well as its related score. The applicability of our approach was validated by the promising initial results achieved by Exon_Finder2. On a benchmark including 120 pairs of human and mouse genomic sequences, most of their encoded genes were successfully identified by our program.
Childhood adversity in association with personality disorder dimensions: New findings in an old debate
Authors: Hengartner M.P. , Ajdacic-Gross V. , Rodgers S. , Müller M. , Rössler W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundVarious studies have reported a positive relationship between child maltreatment and personality disorders (PDs). However, few studies included all DSM-IV PDs and even fewer adjusted for other forms of childhood adversity, e.g. bullying or family problems.MethodWe analyzed questionnaires completed by 512 participants of the ZInEP epidemiology survey, a comprehensive psychiatric survey of the general population in Zurich, Switzerland. Associations between childhood adversity and PDs were analyzed bivariately via simple regression analyses and multivariately via multiple path analysis.ResultsThe bivariate analyses revealed that all PD dimensions were significantly related to various forms of family and school problems as well as child abuse. In contrast, according to the multivariate analysis only school problems and emotional abuse were associated with various PDs. Poverty was uniquely associated with schizotypal PD, conflicts with parents with obsessive-compulsive PD, physical abuse with antisocial PD, and physical neglect with narcissistic PD. Sexual abuse was statistically significantly associated with schizotypal and borderline PD, but corresponding effect sizes were small.ConclusionChildhood adversity has a serious impact on PDs. Bullying and violence in schools and emotional abuse appear to be more salient markers of general personality pathology than other forms of childhood adversity. Associations with sexual abuse were negligible when adjusted for other forms of adversity.
Mycoplasma genitalium and preterm delivery at an urban community health center
Authors: Averbach Sarah H. , Hacker Michele R. , Yiu Timothy , Modest Anna Merport , Dimitrakoff Jordan , Ricciotti Hope A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prepartum prevalence of cervical Mycoplasma genitalium colonization and evaluate prospectively whether colonization is associated with preterm delivery among women from a racial/ethnic minority background with a high risk of delivering a low birth weight newborn and a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study at an urban community health center in Roxbury, MA, USA, 100 women receiving routine prenatal care for singleton pregnancies were enrolled between August 2010 and December 2011. Endocervical samples were tested for M. genitalium, and delivery data were collected.ResultsThe prevalence of M. genitalium colonization at the first prenatal visit was 8.4%. The incidence of low birth weight was 16.7%. The incidence of preterm delivery among women who were known to have a live birth was 16.7%. The incidence of preterm delivery did not differ with respect to M. genitalium colonization. The crude odds ratio for preterm delivery among women with M. genitalium colonization versus those without was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 0.02–14.78).ConclusionM. genitalium colonization was not associated with preterm delivery among women with a high incidence of low birth weight newborns and preterm delivery, and a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections.
Electrical storm after cardiac resynchronization therapy in a patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: Signal‐averaged vector‐projected 187‐channel electrocardiogram‐based risk stratification for lethal arrhythmia
Authors: Nakai Toshiko , Mano Hiroaki , Ikeya Yukitoshi , Sonoda Kazumasa , Ashino Sonoko , Okumura Yasuo , Ohkubo Kimie , Kunimoto Satoshi , Kasamaki Yuji , Watanabe Ichiro , Hirayama Atsushi , Nakai Kenji 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe describe treatment of atrial flutter and electrical storm presenting as incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT) after implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D) in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. No prior arrhythmic event had occurred. Our treatment strategy, including amiodarone administration, was guided in part by signal‐averaged vector‐projected 187‐channel electrocardiogram (SAVP‐ECG)‐based risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmia. Corrected recovery time (RTc) dispersion and Tpeak‐end dispersion were used to evaluate transmural dispersion of repolarization. RTc and Tpeak‐end dispersion increased during the period of electrical storm. Values were improved 2 years after CRT‐D implantation, and the amiodarone was discontinued. The VT has not recurred despite discontinuation of the antiarrhythmic agent. SAVP‐ECG‐based risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmia proved useful for the management of antiarrhythmic therapy.
Bounded density shifts
Authors: STANLEY BRETT 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe consider subshifts of the full shift of bi-infinite sequences with alphabet $\{ 0, 1, \ldots , n- 1\} $ defined by not allowing the sum of finite words to exceed a value depending on its length. These shifts we call bounded density shifts. We study these shifts in detail and make a comparison on the similarities to but also differences from the well-known $\beta $-shifts.
On λ-invariants of number fields and étale cohomology
Authors: Kolster Manfred , Movahhedi Abbas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFor an odd prime p we prove a Riemann-Hurwitz type formula for odd eigenspaces of the standard Iwasawa modules over F(μp∞), the field obtained from a totally real number field F by adjoining all p-power roots of unity. We use a new approach based on the relationship between eigenspaces and étale cohomology groups over the cyclotomic ℤp-extension F∞ of F. The systematic use of étale cohomology greatly simplifies the proof and allows to generalize the classical result about the minus-eigenspace to all odd eigenspaces.
William Bateson and the chromosome theory of heredity: a reappraisal
Authors: RUSHTON ALAN R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWilliam Bateson vigorously objected to the assumptions within the chromosome theory of heredity proposed by T. H. Morgan because he perceived inadequate experimental data that could substantiate the theory. Those objections were largely resolved by 1921, and Bateson reluctantly accepted the basic assumption that chromosomes carried the genetic factors from one generation to the next. Bateson's own research at that time on developmental genetics seemed out of touch with the general tone of the genetics field, and the chromosome theory did not provide illuminating mechanisms that elucidated phenomena such as plant variegations or chimeras. Bateson imagined a general theory of heredity and development based on vortices and waves, concepts he borrowed from contemporary physics. For decades he sought to devise an intellectually and aesthetically satisfying theory to eventually explain evolution in genetic terms, but his aspirations remained unfulfilled when he died in 1926.
‘Saving the lives of our dogs’: the development of canine distemper vaccine in interwar Britain
Authors: BRESALIER MICHAEL , WORBOYS MICHAEL 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the successful campaign in Britain to develop canine distemper vaccine between 1922 and 1933. The campaign mobilized disparate groups around the common cause of using modern science to save the nation's dogs from a deadly disease. Spearheaded by landed patricians associated with the country journalThe Field, and funded by dog owners and associations, it relied on collaborations with veterinary professionals, government scientists, the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the commercial pharmaceutical house the Burroughs Wellcome Company (BWC). The social organization of the campaign reveals a number of important, yet previously unexplored, features of interwar science and medicine in Britain. It depended on a patronage system that drew upon a large base of influential benefactors and public subscriptions. Coordinated by theFieldDistemper Fund, this system was characterized by close relationships between landed elites and their social networks with senior science administrators and researchers. Relations between experts and non-experts were crucial, with high levels of public engagement in all aspects of research and vaccine development. At the same time, experimental and commercial research supported under the campaign saw dynamic interactions between animal and human medicine, which shaped the organization of the MRC's research programme and demonstrated the value of close collaboration between veterinary and medical science, with the dog as a shared object and resource. Finally, the campaign made possible the translation of ‘laboratory’ findings into field conditions and commercial products. Rather than a unidirectional process, translation involved negotiations over the very boundaries of the ‘laboratory’ and the ‘field’, and what constituted a viable vaccine. This paper suggests that historians reconsider standard historical accounts of the nature of patronage, the role of animals, and the interests of landed elites in interwar British science and medicine.