bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat utilization in white‐tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the displacement impact of the Smøla wind‐power plant
Authors: May Roel , Nygård Torgeir , Dahl Espen Lie , Bevanger Kjetil 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOn average, 7.8 white‐tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) collide with wind turbines annually at the operating wind‐power plant on the island of Smøla off the coast of central Norway. To better understand the impact of this wind‐power plant on white‐tailed eagles, we investigated how habitat utilization affected displacement effects. We collected data on habitat utilization in non‐territorial subadult white‐tailed eagles using global positioning system satellite telemetry (2004–2009). From these data, we estimated utilization distributions using the Brownian bridge movement model and analyzed them using Resource Utilization Functions. Home ranges were circa 10–30% smaller for subadults hatched on skerries and islets farther from the wind‐power plant, and tended to be circa 40% larger during spring. Shallow sea, skerries, and islets were utilized extensively, as was marsh, heathland, and forest on the main island of Smøla. We noted lower selectivity for arable land and higher levels of differentiation in utilization among individuals for forest and islets. Females also had a nearly 4 times higher between‐individual variation, which was likely due to long‐ranging excursions. The within‐ and between‐individual variation among seasons showed an annual pattern, with increasing between‐individual variation toward summer. Displacement (indicated by an overall 40% proportional reduction in utilization) was more pronounced in the birds' second and third calendar year compared with their first calendar year, and during autumn–winter. Reduced displacement during spring coincides with the white‐tailed eagle pre‐breeding period with increased flight activity. This may, in part, explain increased collision risk during spring. Possible displacement effects in white‐tailed eagles may be avoided by siting wind‐power plants farther inland or offshore. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Corrosion Inhibition Study of a Novel Synthesized Gemini Nonionic Surfactant for Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl Solution
Authors: El‐Tabei A. S. , Hegazy M. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, a gemini nonionic surfactant was synthesized as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl. Surface properties of the synthesized gemini nonionic surfactant were determined by using surface tension. The results showed that the gemini nonionic surfactant has good surface active properties. The corrosion inhibition effect of the synthesized inhibitor on carbon steel was evaluated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss methods. The characterization of the film formed on the steel surface was carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. The inhibitor molecules were adsorbed physically onto a carbon steel surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results revealed that the inhibitor acted as a mixed‐type inhibitor. It was found that the inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in inhibitor concentration and decreases with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to elucidate the inhibitive mechanism.
Assessment of levator ani morphology and function in asymptomatic nulliparous women via static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Cai Xiang‐Ran , Qiu Lin , Wu He‐Jia , Liu Si‐Run 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate levator ani morphology and function in healthy nulliparous women using static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsEighty asymptomatic, healthy nulliparous Chinese women (mean age, 25.3 ± 3.5 years) volunteered for the present study. Static T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo images were employed to evaluate levator ani morphology; dynamic T2‐weighted fast imaging employing steady‐state acquisition was used to evaluate its function. A 2 samples t test was employed to compare groups.ResultsNo morphologic abnormality was detected in the 80 healthy nulliparous women. However, 15% (12/80) of women had various degrees of pelvic organ descent below the pubococcygeal line. In these women, the width of the pubic portion of the levator ani was significantly reduced during straining, whereas the levator plate angle, the levator hiatus area, and the H and M line lengths were enlarged. These changes were associated with weakened levator ani function and pelvic floor laxity.ConclusionFunctional abnormality of the levator ani muscle was noted in nulliparous women at static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Further follow‐up investigation is needed to confirm whether women with functional abnormality are more likely to develop a prolapse after vaginal birth.
Role of Electrodiagnosis in Patients Being Considered for Epidural Steroid Injections
Authors: Annaswamy Thiru M. , Bierner Samuel M. , Avraham Ravid 
Published: March 2013

AbstractElectrodiagnostic (EDX) evaluation, and, more specifically, electromyography (EMG), has a well‐established role in the diagnostic confirmation of cervical and lumbar radiculopathy. The role of EMG in prognostication, however, is less established and remains a topic of debate. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the diagnostic and prognosticating role of EMG in cervical and lumbar radiculopathies, and to assess the utility of EMG in predicting outcomes after epidural steroid injections (ESI). A review of the existing literature strongly supports a prognosticating role for EDX in predicting outcomes after lumbar ESI in lumbosacral radiculopathies (LSR). Although limited research regarding outcome prediction after cervical ESI in cervical radiculopathies has been performed, no study has specifically evaluated the utility of EMG in predicting outcomes for cervical ESI, and this topic requires further investigation. An EDX evaluation can provide clinicians with accurate and reliable diagnostic information (level I or level II evidence) in the evaluation of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathies, and can provide more valid prognostic information (level I evidence) regarding potential benefits of lumbar ESI. An EDX evaluation, therefore, can enhance a clinician's ability to advise patients on the most appropriate and efficacious evaluation and management plan for the treatment of painful radiculopathies.
Research in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a review of the current evidence
Authors: O'Connor K. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe past 15 years have seen a growing interest in early intervention and detection of psychosis before the onset of the first episode. Recent proposals to include a psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) in DSM 5 have focused attention on the evidence base achieved to date in this field.AimsThis article aims to (1) review the underlying principles of early identification and intervention during the pre-psychotic phase, (2) summarise the naturalistic follow-up studies conducted to date in this ‘at-risk’ population, (3) discuss the identified clinical risk factors for transition to psychosis, (4) summarise the interventional studies both psychological and pharmacological completed to date and (5) briefly discuss the controversy around the proposed inclusion of the PRS in DSM 5.MethodsElectronic databases EmBase, MedLine and PsychInfo were searched using the keywords ultra-high risk/at-risk mental state/risk syndrome/pre-psychotic/prodrome/prodromal and psychosis/schizophrenia.ResultsThe evidence suggests that it is possible to identify individuals who may be at risk of developing psychosis. Results from intervention studies, mostly involving second-generation antipsychotics and cognitive behavioural therapy, are currently insufficient to make treatment recommendations for this group. The emerging research with regard to possible neuroprotective factors such as omega fatty acids is promising, but will require replication in larger cohorts before it can be recommended.
Release of EPA and DHA from salmon oil – a comparison ofin vitrodigestion with human and porcine gastrointestinal enzymes
Authors: Aarak K. E. , Kirkhus B. , Holm H. , Vogt G. , Jacobsen M. , Vegarud G. E. 
Published: March 2013

In the present study, we hypothesised whetherin vitrodigestion of salmon oil would release different amounts of PUFA depending on the origin of the lipolytic enzymes used. For this purpose,in vitrodigestion of salmon oil (SO) was performed using human duodenal juice (HDJ) or a commercial enzyme preparation consisting of porcine pancreatin and bile (PB). The lipolytic effect was determined by measuring the release of fatty acids (FA) using solid-phase extraction and GC–flame ionisation detection, withdrawing samples every 20 min during digestion. The amount of FA released indicated that a plateau was reached after 80 min with approximately similar amounts of FA detected using both HDJ and PB (379 (sd18) and 352 (sd23) mg/g SO, respectively). However, the release of 18 : 2, EPA (20 : 5) and DHA (22 : 6) was significantly different duringin vitrodigestion. At 80 min, HDJ and PB released 43 and 33 % of 18 : 2, 14 and 9 % of EPA and 11 and 9 % of DHA, respectively. Both enzyme preparations released approximately the same amounts of the other FA analysed. The effect of the addition of bile salts (BS) was significantly different in the two enzyme systems, where porcine pancreatin highly responded to the increase in BS concentration, in contrast to HDJ.
The larval development of the Russell's snapper,Lutjanus russellii(Teleostei: Lutjanidae) reared under laboratory conditions
Authors: Leu Ming-Yih , Liou Chying-Hwa 
Published: March 2013

The larval development of the Russell's snapperLutjanus russelliiis described and illustrated for the first time. Fertilized eggs, with a mean diameter of 0.80 ± 0.04 mm and a range from 0.71 to 0.84 mm, were spherical, transparent, buoyant and unpigmented. Embryonic development lasted 26 hours 50 minutes at 24.7°C. Newly hatched larvae were 1.86 ± 0.10 mm in total length (TL) with 24 (10 + 14) myomeres and had an oil globule in the ventroanterior area of the yolk sac. Two days after hatching (DAH, 2.61 mm TL), the mouth opened. Early larvae had melanophores scattered on the head, body and yolk surface. Thirteen DAH (2.74 mm TL), the buds of the second dorsal and pelvic-fin spines had appeared. At 5.81 mm TL, the notochord was slightly flexed, and the hypural bones and caudal-fin rays had begun to develop. The ratios of the second dorsal and pelvic-fin spine lengths to TL attained their maximum, 40% and 36%, respectively. At 14.02 mm TL, all fins had the adult complement of rays and spines. The characteristic of this species, with four black stripes on the sides and with a round black spot on the upper back, was completed in juvenile of 23.1 mm TL. The larval habitat shifted from the surface and middle layers to the tank bottom. A statistical model:Y equals 2.18e0.06X, whereYis mean TL (mm) andXrepresents DAH, explained 99.34% of variation in growth (P< 0.001,R2= 0.9934).
Altered cingulate and amygdala response towards threat and safe cues in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Maier S. J. , Szalkowski A. , Kamphausen S. , Feige B. , Perlov E. , Kalisch R. , Jacob G. A. , Philipsen A. , Tüscher O. , van Elst L. Tebartz 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundEmotional dysregulation is becoming increasingly recognized as an important feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, two experiments were conducted investigating the neural response to either verbally instructed fear (IF) or uninstructed (classically conditioned) fear (UF) using the skin conductance response (SCR) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodIn the conditioning phase of the UF experiment (17 ADHD and 17 healthy controls), subjects experienced an unconditioned stimulus (UCS, unpleasant electrodermal stimulation) paired with a former neutral conditioned stimulus (CS+), whereas a control stimulus (CS−) was never paired with the UCS. In the subsequent test phase, only the CS+ and the CS− were presented. In the IF experiment (13 ADHD and 17 healthy controls), subjects were only told that an independently experienced UCS might occur together with the CS+ but not the CS− during testing. No UCS was presented.ResultsGroups did not detectably differ in SCR or neural responses to UF. In IF, ADHD patients showed a trend-line decreased SCR and significantly decreased activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), a region prominently involved in fear responding, to the CS+. This was accompanied by higher amygdala activation to the CS−.ConclusionsDuring IF, ADHD patients showed deficits in regions centrally involved in fear learning and expression in terms of diminished CS+-related dACC and increased CS−-related amygdala signals. This suggests an impaired processing of verbally transmitted aversive information, which is central for conveying fear information in social contexts. This result extends the growing literature on emotional alterations in ADHD.
Neural responses to fearful eyes in children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous–unemotional traits
Authors: Sebastian C. L. , McCrory E. J. , Dadds M. R. , Cecil C. A. M. , Lockwood P. L. , Hyde Z. H. , De Brito S. A. , Viding E. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundChildren with conduct problems (CP) are a heterogeneous group. Those with high levels of callous–unemotional traits (CP/HCU) appear emotionally under-reactive at behavioural and neural levels whereas those with low levels of CU traits (CP/LCU) appear emotionally over-reactive, compared with typically developing (TD) controls. Investigating the degree to which these patterns of emotional reactivity are malleable may have important translational implications. Instructing participants with CP/HCU to focus on the eyes of fearful faces (i.e. the most salient feature) can ameliorate their fear-recognition deficits, but it is unknown whether this is mediated by amygdala response. It is also unknown whether focusing on fearful eyes is associated with increased amygdala reactivity in CP/LCU.MethodFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure neural responses to fearful and calm faces in children with CP/HCU, CP/LCU and TD controls (n = 17 per group). On half of trials participants looked for a blue dot anywhere within target faces; on the other half, participants were directed to focus on the eye region.ResultsReaction time (RT) data showed that CP/LCU were selectively slowed in the fear/eyes condition. For the same condition, CP/LCU also showed increased amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC)/orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) responses compared with TD controls. RT and amygdala response to fear/eyes were correlated in CP/LCU only. No effects of focusing on the eye region were observed in CP/HCU.ConclusionsThese data extend the evidence base suggesting that CU traits index meaningful heterogeneity in conduct problems. Focusing on regulating reactive emotional responses may be a fruitful strategy for children with CP/LCU.
Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system
Authors: Eichenbaum Howard , Otto Tim , Cohen Neal J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that the hippocampal system contributes both to (1) the temporary maintenance of memories and to (2) the processing of a particular type of memory representation. The findings on amnesia suggest that these two distinguishing features of hippocampal memory processing are orthogonal. Together with anatomical and physiological data, the neuropsychological findings support a model of cortico-hippocampal interactions in which the temporal and representational properties of hippocampal memory processing are mediated separately. We propose that neocortical association areas maintain shortterm memories for specific items and events prior to hippocampal processing as well as providing the final repositories of long-term memory. The parahippocampal region supports intermediate-term storage of individual items, and the hippocampal formation itself mediates an organization of memories according to relevant relationships among items. Hippocampal-cortical interactions produce (i) strong and persistent memories for events, including their constituent elements and the relationships among them, and (ii) a capacity to express memories flexibly across a wide range of circumstances.
La Calidad Institucional En Argentina En El Largo Plazo
Authors: Araoz María Florencia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a multidimensional indicator of institutional quality in Argentina for the period 1862-2008. Initially, it describes a set of variables that aim to measure issues related to the legal framework prevailing in Argentina and its implementation, such as changes in the Constitution and the provincial Constitutions, declarations of state of siege and federal interventions, freedom of press, central bank independence. The indicator is then constructed through the principal component analysis.The results suggest that periods of high institutional quality in Argentina coincided with the most expansion and relative progress. In other words, poor institutional quality would not only be reflected in lower growth rates but also compromises the ability to follow those countries with the best performace.
RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
Authors: Hoover Kevin D. , Young Warren 
Published: March 2013

The transcript of a panel discussion marking the 50th anniversary of John Muth's “Rational Expectations and the Theory of Price Movements” (Econometrica 1961). The panel consisted of Michael Lovell, Robert Lucas, Dale Mortensen, Robert Shiller, and Neil Wallace. The discussion was moderated by Kevin Hoover and Warren Young. The panel touched on a wide variety of issues related to the rational-expectations hypothesis, including its history, starting with Muth's work at Carnegie Tech; its methodological role; applications to policy; its relationship to behavioral economics; its role in the recent financial crisis; and its likely future.The panel discussion was held in a session sponsored by the History of Economics Society at the Allied Social Sciences Association (ASSA) meetings in the Capitol 1 Room of the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Denver, Colorado.
Collection Development Policies in Law Firm Libraries: Do we Need Them?
Authors: Hollingum Jasmin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article written by Jasmin Hollingum was adapted from her coursework that she submitted as part of an MSc in Library and Information Studies. It posits that whilst collection development policies (CDPs) are in widespread use in academic institutions, they are currently under-used in law firms. It considers what benefits a written CDP could deliver to a law firm library and identifies the problems that firm librarians face when developing such policies. Finally it seeks to establish ways in which they might be overcome.
Efficacy of dignity therapy for depression and anxiety in terminally ill patients: Early results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Julião Miguel , Barbosa António , Oliveira Fátima , Nunes Baltazar , Carneiro António Vaz 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Dignity therapy (DT) is a short-term psychotherapy developed for patients living with a life-limiting illness. Our aim was to determine the influence of DT on symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with a life-threatening disease with high level of distress, referred to an inpatient palliative care unit.Method:This was an open-label randomized controlled trial. Sixty terminally ill patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention group (DT+ standard palliative care [SPC]) or control group (SPC alone). The main outcomes were symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, assessed at baseline, day 4, day 15, and day 30 of follow-up.Results:Of the 60 participants, 29 were randomized to DT and 31 to SPC. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. DT was associated with a significant decrease in depressive symptoms at day 4 and day 15 (mean = −4.46, 95% CI, −6.91–2.02, p = 0.001; mean= −3.96, 95% CI, −7.33 to −0.61; p = 0.022, respectively), but not at day 30 (mean = −3.33, 95% CI, −7.32–0.65, p = 0.097). DT was also associated with a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms at each follow-up (mean= −3.96, 95% CI, −6.66 to −1.25, p = 0.005; mean= −6.19, 95% CI, −10.49 to −1.88, p = 0.006; mean = −5.07, 95% CI, −10.22 to −0.09, p = 0.054, respectively).Significance of results:DT appears to have a short-term beneficial effect on the depression and anxiety symptoms that often accompany patients at the end of their lives. Future research with larger samples compared with other treatments is needed to better understand the potential benefits of this psychotherapy.
Symptoms overlooked in hospitalized cancer patients: Impact of concurrent symptoms on overlooked by nurses
Authors: Miyajima Kaya , Fujisawa Daisuke , Hashiguchi Saori , Shirahase Joichiro , Mimura Masaru , Kashima Haruo , Takeda Junzo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Physical and psychological symptoms in cancer patients are frequently overlooked by medical staff. However, little is known regarding the potential impacts of concurrent physical and psychological symptoms on the overlooking of other symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of concurrent symptoms on the overlooking of other symptoms in cancer inpatients.Method:A total of 255 cancer inpatients in the general wards of one university hospital, who were referred to the palliative care team, were included. On the day of referral, nurses and patients were independently assessed for the presence of the following eight symptoms: pain, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, lack of appetite, dry mouth, sleep problems, and distressed feelings. The presence of delirium was also separately assessed by nurses and psychiatrists on the team. A total of nine symptoms detected by nurses and those reported by patients or psychiatrists were compared, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with the overlooking of these symptoms.Results:The most frequently reported symptom was pain (76.5%), followed by distressed feelings (49.8%), sleep problems (34.1%), and delirium (25.1%). The proportion of those overlooked was more than one quarter (25.0–63.6%) for all symptoms except pain (12.8%). Significant associations were found between the overlooking of shortness of breath and concurrent delirium (odds ratio [OR] = 110.9); the overlooking of sleep problems and concurrent lack of appetite (OR = 9.1); and the overlooking of distressed feelings and concurrent dry mouth (OR = 27.7). No patient demographic characteristic was associated with the overlooking of any other symptoms.Significance of results:The presence of some specific concurrent symptoms is likely to lead to the overlooking of other symptoms in cancer inpatients by nurses. Comprehensive assessments of physical and psychological symptoms in daily clinical practice are needed.