bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European debate on governance networks: Towards a new and viable paradigm?
Authors: Torfing Jacob , Sørensen Eva 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper aims to take stock of the European debate on governance networks in order to assess whether or not it has succeeded to develop a new a viable paradigm based on clear concepts, sound theories and methods and an expansive research agenda. The political and institutional conditions for the emergence of the Europe governance debate are analyzed and the notions of ‘governance’ and ‘governance networks’ are critically examined and defined. A brief assessment of the empirical significance of governance networks at different levels of governing is followed by a presentation and comparison of the main theories of governance networks that tend to draw on different strands of institutional theory. Finally, the large and expanding research agenda of the new ‘second generation’ of governance network research is revisited before concluding that, despite of the need for further methodological development, the European debate on governance networks provides a new and important paradigm for understanding the emerging forms of multilateral action and pluricentric governance.
Late Paleoproterozoic basites of the northern Baikal area: composition and melt sources
Authors: Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Shokhonova M.N. , Mazukabzov A.M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We present results of isotope-geochemical studies of Late Paleoproterozoic basites from intrusions located in different parts of a dike swarm traceable for more than 200 km within the Baikal marginal salient of the Siberian craton basement (northern Baikal area). The basites of the southern (Khibelen site) and northern (Chaya site) parts of the dike swarm show both similarity and difference in their sources and formation conditions. For example, the Khibelen basites correspond in chemical composition to basalts and trachybasalts, and the Chaya basites, to basalts and andesite-basalts. Based on petrographic and petrochemical data, the basites of both sites can be referred to as medium-alkali (subalkalic) series. All analyzed basites show distinct negative Nb–Ta and Ti anomalies on element spidergrams, negative εNd(t) values, and indicative geochemical ratios Th/Nbpm, La/Nbpm, and La/Smn &gt; 1. All this points to the formation of basites of both sites from mantle sources contaminated with continental crust. Contamination might have occurred in intermediate magma chambers localized in crust. Differentiated basic varieties of both sites resulted from fractionation of clinopyroxene. For the Khibelen basites, the mantle source (probably, with geochemical parameters close to those of IAB) might have been initially contaminated with middle-crust rocks and then, with lower/upper-crust material. The source of the Chaya basites was probably produced during the interaction of mantle components similar in composition to IAB and N-MORB with a crustal component. The performed studies testify to the heterogeneous composition of the upper mantle beneath different sites of the Siberian craton basement.
A natural oil seep in the floodplain of the Amga River (Siberian Platform)
Authors: Safronov A.F. , Chalaya O.N. , Zueva I.N. , Aleksandrov A.R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A natural oil seep has been revealed in the floodplain of the middle stream of the Amga River, in zone of the exposure of Middle Cambrian sediments. A distinctive feature of saturated hydrocarbons of this oil is the absence of 12- and 13-methylalkanes, biomarkers that are present in oils of the Vendian–Cambrian deposits of the Nepa–Botuobiyan petroliferous province. In this feature the studied seep oil is similar to the Middle Cambrian oil from hydrogeologic wells (1-P and 1-T) drilled earlier downstream of the Amga River.
Magnetoacoustic emission of natural pyrrhotite
Authors: Ivanchenko V.S. , Glukhikh I.I. , Strokina L.G. , Aleshin K.B. , Rudnitskii V.F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We consider data of study of the parameters of magnetoacoustic emission performed on pyrrhotite from magnetite and pyrite ores from the deposits of the Urals. It is shown that the difference in signals is mainly due to different types of domain structure which forms during the crystallization of pyrrhotite as pinacoids or prisms. Five types of pyrrhotite are recognized depending on the parameters of magnetoacoustic emission. This information can be used as typomorphic features of pyrrhotite of different geneses.
AN -FUNCTION-FREE PROOF OF VINOGRADOV’S THREE PRIMES THEOREM
Authors: SHAO XUANCHENG 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe give a new proof of Vinogradov’s three primes theorem, which asserts that all sufficiently large odd positive integers can be written as the sum of three primes. Existing proofs rely on the theory of $L$-functions, either explicitly or implicitly. Our proof is sieve theoretical and uses a transference principle, the idea of which was first developed by Green [Ann. of Math. (2) 161 (3) (2005), 1609–1636] and used in the proof of Green and Tao’s theorem [Ann. of Math. (2) 167 (2) (2008), 481–547]. To make our argument work, we also develop an additive combinatorial result concerning popular sums, which may be of independent interest.
Distribution of the community of frugivorous birds along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in south-western Mexico
Authors: Almazán-Núñez R. Carlos , Arizmendi María del Coro , Eguiarte Luis E. , Corcuera Pablo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:Few reports have described the relationship between the distribution of frugivorous birds and vegetation successional changes in dry forests. We assessed the abundance and behaviour of frugivorous birds in early, intermediate and mature dry forests in the Balsas river basin, Guerrero, Mexico. We selected nine dry-forest fragments, three fragments per stage, in these three stages of succession. We analysed the vegetation, estimated bird abundances in 10-min count periods, and recorded the way birds process fruits in circular plots (11–15 plots per fragment, 123 plots in total). Birds were classified as seed predators (15% of all individuals in this study), pulp consumers (15%) or legitimate dispersers (70%). Bird abundance was higher in mature forests in the dry season, while abundance and richness of legitimate dispersers and seed predators were positively related to vegetation complexity. Mature forests have a high vegetation complexity and a high cover ofBurseraspecies that produce fruit during the dry season. During the rains, abundance was higher in early-successional sites when the zoochorous plants produced fruit. Legitimate disperser migrants (i.e.Tyrannus vociferans, Myiarchus cinerascensandM. tyrannulus) were widespread, helping the establishment of zoochorous trees such asBurseraspp. in early-successional forests.
Infection risk factors associated with seropositivity forToxoplasma gondiiin a population-based study in the Central Region, Ghana
Authors: ABU E. K. , BOAMPONG J. N. , AYI I. , GHARTEY-KWANSAH G. , AFOAKWAH R. , NSIAH P. , BLAY E. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYAbout 20–90% of the world's population has had contact withToxoplasma gondiiparasites. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Central Region, Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected communities. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiIgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. A serological criterion for seropositivity was a positive test result for any of the two anti-ToxoplasmaIgG or IgM antibodies or a combination of both. In all, 390 participants of mean age 47·0 years consisting of 118 (30·3%) males and 272 (69·7%) females were tested. The overall seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas 85% (333/390) where fishermen, farmers and fishmongers, respectively, had the highest seropositivity. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 329 (84%) and 25 (6%), respectively, while both IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 21 (5%) of the participants. Respectively, 1% (4/390) and 79% (308/390) of participants tested positive for IgM-only and IgG-only antibodies. There was a significant relationship betweenToxoplasmaseropositivity and contact with soil, presence of a cat in the surrounding area, age, sources of drinking water, level of formal education, and socioeconomic status. The results suggest that the seashore may serve as a good ground for sporulation and survival ofToxoplasmaoocysts.
Low dietary intake of magnesium is associated with increased externalising behaviours in adolescents
Authors: Black Lucinda J , Allen Karina L , Jacoby Peter , Trapp Gina S , Gallagher Caroline M , Byrne Susan M , Oddy Wendy H 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveAdequate Zn and Mg intakes may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary intakes of Zn and Mg and internalising and externalising behaviour problems in a population-based cohort of adolescents.DesignProspective analysis (general linear mixed models) of dietary intakes of Zn and Mg assessed using a validated FFQ and mental health symptoms assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR), adjusting for sex, physical activity, family income, supplement status, dietary misreporting, BMI, family functioning and energy intake.SettingWestern Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.SubjectsAdolescents (n 684) at the 14- and 17-year follow-ups.ResultsHigher dietary intake of Mg (per sd increase) was significantly associated with reduced externalising behaviours (β=−1·45; 95 % CI −2·40, −0·50; P=0·003). There was a trend towards reduced externalising behaviours with higher Zn intake (per sd increase; β=−0·73; 95 % CI −1·57, 0·10; P=0·085).ConclusionsThe study shows an association between higher dietary Mg intake and reduced externalising behaviour problems in adolescents. We observed a similar trend, although not statistically significant, for Zn intake. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to determine any benefit of micronutrient supplementation in the prevention and treatment of mental health problems in adolescents.
THE THEORY OF SPECTRUM EXCHANGEABILITY
Authors: HOWARTH E. , PARIS J. B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSpectrum Exchangeability, Sx, is an irrelevance principle of Pure Inductive Logic, and arguably the most natural (but not the only) extension of Atom Exchangeability to polyadic languages. It has been shown1that all probability functions which satisfy Sx are comprised of a mixture of two essential types of probability functions; heterogeneous and homogeneous functions. We determine the theory of Spectrum Exchangeability, which for a fixed languageLis the set of sentences ofLwhich must be assigned probability 1 by every probability function satisfying Sx, by examining separately the theories of heterogeneity and homogeneity. We find that the theory of Sx is equal to the theory of finite structures, i.e., those sentences true in all finite structures forL, and it emerges that Sx is inconsistent with the principle of Super-Regularity (Universal Certainty). As a further consequence we are able to characterize those probability functions which satisfy Sx and the Finite Values Property.
Tumor-induced senescent T cells promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors by human monocytes/macrophages through a mechanism that involves Tim-3 and CD40L
Authors: Ramello M C , Tosello Boari J , Canale F P , Mena H A , Negrotto S , Gastman B , Gruppi A , Acosta Rodríguez E V , Montes C L 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSolid tumors are infiltrated by immune cells where macrophages and senescent T cells are highly represented. Within the tumor microenvironment, a cross-talk between the infiltrating cells may occur conditioning the characteristic of the in situ immune response. Our previous work showed that tumors induce senescence of T cells, which are powerful suppressors of lympho-proliferation. In this study, we report that Tumor-Induced Senescent (TIS)-T cells may also modulate monocyte activation. To gain insight into this interaction, CD4+ or CD8+TIS-T or control-T cells were co-incubated with autologous monocytes under inflammatory conditions. After co-culture with CD4+ or CD8+TIS-T cells, CD14+ monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Ma) exhibit a higher expression of CD16+ cells and a reduced expression of CD206. These Mo/Ma produce nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; however, TIS-T cells do not modify phagocyte capacity of Mo/Ma. TIS-T modulated-Mo/Ma show a higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β and IL-6) and angiogenic factors (MMP-9, VEGF-A and IL-8) and a lower IL-10 and IP-10 secretion than monocytes co-cultured with controls. The mediator(s) present in the supernatant of TIS-T cell/monocyte-macrophage co-cultures promote(s) tubulogenesis and tumor-cell survival. Monocyte-modulation induced by TIS-T cells requires cell-to-cell contact. Although CD4+ shows different behavior from CD8+TIS-T cells, blocking mAbs against T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 and CD40 ligand reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors production, indicating that these molecules are involved in monocyte/macrophage modulation by TIS-T cells. Our results revealed a novel role for TIS-T cells in human monocyte/macrophage modulation, which may have deleterious consequences for tumor progression. This modulation should be considered to best tailor the immunotherapy against cancer.
Molecular Characterization of the Monoclonal Antibodies Composing ZMAb: A Protective Cocktail Against Ebola Virus
Authors: Audet Jonathan , Wong Gary , Wang Han , Lu Guangwen , Gao George F. , Kobinger Gary , Qiu Xiangguo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEbola virus (EBOV) causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates, with a case fatality rate of up to 88% in human outbreaks. Over the past 3 years, monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails have demonstrated high efficacy as treatments against EBOV infection. One such cocktail is ZMAb, which consists of three mouse antibodies, 1H3, 2G4 and 4G7. Here, we present the epitope binding properties of mAbs 1H3, 2G4 and 4G7. We showed that these antibodies have different variable region sequences, suggesting that the individual mAbs are not clonally related. All three antibodies were found to neutralize EBOV variant Mayinga. Additionally, 2G4 and 4G7 were shown to cross-inhibit each other in vitro and select for an escape mutation at the same position on the EBOV glycoprotein (GP), at amino acid 508. 1H3 selects an escape mutant at amino acid 273 on EBOV GP. Surface plasmon resonance studies showed that all three antibodies have dissociation constants on the order of 10−7. In combination with previous studies evaluating the binding sites of other protective antibodies, our results suggest that antibodies targeting the GP1-GP2 interface and the glycan cap are often selected as efficacious antibodies for post-exposure interventions against EBOV.
Industrially benign super-compressible piezoresistive carbon foams with predefined wetting properties: from environmental to electrical applications
Authors: Pham Tung Ngoc , Samikannu Ajaikumar , Kukkola Jarmo , Rautio Anne-Riikka , Pitkänen Olli , Dombovari Aron , Lorite Gabriela Simone , Sipola Teemu , Toth Geza , Mohl Melinda , Mikkola Jyri-Pekka , Kordas Krisztian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the present work electrically conductive, flexible, lightweight carbon sponge materials derived from open-pore structure melamine foams are studied and explored. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface properties - depending on the chosen treatment conditions - allow the separation and storage of liquid chemical compounds. Activation of the carbonaceous structures substantially increases the specific surface area from ~4 m2g−1 to ~345 m2g−1, while retaining the original three-dimensional, open-pore structure suitable for hosting, for example, Ni catalyst nanoparticles. In turn the structure is rendered suitable for hydrogenating acetone to 2-propanol and methyl isobutyl ketone as well for growing hierarchical carbon nanotube structures used as electric double-layer capacitor electrodes with specific capacitance of ~40 F/g. Mechanical stress-strain analysis indicates the materials are super-compressible (>70% volume reduction) and viscoelastic with excellent damping behavior (loss of 0.69 ± 0.07), while piezoresistive measurements show very high gauge factors (from ~20 to 50) over a large range of deformations. The cost-effective, robust and scalable synthesis - in conjunction with their fascinating multifunctional utility - makes the demonstrated carbon foams remarkable competitors with other three-dimensional carbon materials typically based on pyrolyzed biopolymers or on covalently bonded graphene and carbon nanotube frameworks.
Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits neointima formation after vascular injury
Authors: Ishimura Shutaro , Furuhashi Masato , Mita Tomohiro , Fuseya Takahiro , Watanabe Yuki , Hoshina Kyoko , Kokubu Nobuaki , Inoue Katsumi , Yoshida Hideaki , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inappropriate adaptation through the unfolded protein response (UPR) are predominant features of pathological processes. However, little is known about the link between ER stress and endovascular injury. We investigated the involvement of ER stress in neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury. The femoral arteries of 7-8-week-old male mice were subjected to wire-induced vascular injury. After 4 weeks, immunohistological analysis showed that ER stress markers were upregulated in the hyperplastic neointima. Neointima formation was increased by 54.8% in X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) heterozygous mice, a model of compromised UPR. Knockdown of Xbp1 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC) in vitro promoted cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, treatment with ER stress reducers, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), decreased the intima-to-media ratio after wire injury by 50.0% and 72.8%, respectively. Chronic stimulation of CASMC with PDGF-BB activated the UPR and treatment with 4-PBA and TUDCA significantly suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced ER stress markers in CASMC and the proliferation and migration of CASMC. In conclusion, increased ER stress contributes to neointima formation after vascular injury, while UPR signaling downstream of XBP1 plays a suppressive role. Suppression of ER stress would be a novel strategy against post-angioplasty vascular restenosis.
𝑝 harmonic measure in simply connected domains revisited
Authors: Lewis John 
Published: November 2014

Let

Ω
\Omega

be a bounded simply connected domain in the complex plane,

C

\mathbb {C}

. Let

N
N

be a neighborhood of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

, let

p
p

be fixed,

1
>
p
>
∞
,

1 > p > \infty ,

and let

u
^

\hat u

be a positive weak solution to the

p
p

Laplace equation in

Ω
∩
N
.

\Omega \cap N.

Assume that

u
^

\hat u

has zero boundary values on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

in the Sobolev sense and extend

u
^

\hat u

to

N
∖
Ω

N \setminus \Omega

by putting

u
^

≡
0

\hat u \equiv 0

on

N
∖
Ω
.

N \setminus \Omega .

Then there exists a positive finite Borel measure

μ
^

\hat \mu

on

C

\mathbb {C}

with support contained in

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and such that

∫

|

∇

u
^

|

p
−
2

⟨
∇

u
^

,
∇
ϕ
⟩

d
A
=
−
∫
ϕ

d

μ
^

\begin{eqnarray*} \int | \nabla \hat u |^{p - 2} \, \langle \nabla \hat u , \nabla \phi \rangle \, dA = - \int \phi \, d \hat \mu \end{eqnarray*}

whenever

ϕ
∈

C
0
∞

(
N
)
.

\phi \in C_0^\infty ( N ).

In this paper we continue our studies by establishing endpoint type results for the Hausdorff dimension of this measure in simply connected domains. Our results are similar to the well known result of Makarov concerning harmonic measure in simply connected domains.
Complete Neoadjuvant Treatment for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Perez Kimberly , Safran Howard , Sikov William , Vrees Matthew , Klipfel Adam , Shah Nishit , Schechter Steven , Oldenburg Nicklas , Pricolo Victor , Rosati Kayla , Dipetrillo Thomas 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:
Following preoperative chemoradiation and surgery, many patients with stage II to III rectal cancer are unable to tolerate full-dose adjuvant chemotherapy. BrUOG R-224 was designed to assess the impact of COmplete Neoadjuvant Treatment for REctal cancer (CONTRE), primary chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and surgery, on treatment delivery, toxicities, and pathologic response at surgery.

Methods:
Patients with clinical stage II to III (T3 to T4 and/or N1 to N2) rectal cancer received 8 cycles of modified FOLFOX6 followed by capecitabine 825 mg/m2 bid concurrent with 50.4 Gy intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Surgery was performed 6 to 10 weeks after chemoradiation.

Results:
Thirty-nine patients were enrolled between August 2010 and June 2013. Median age was 61 years (30 to 79 y); 7 patients (18%) were clinical stage II and 32 (82%) stage III. Thirty-six patients (92%) received all 8 cycles of mFOLFOX6, of whom 35 completed subsequent chemoradiation; thus 89% of patients received CONTRE as planned. No unexpected toxicities were reported. All patients had resolution of bleeding and improvement of obstructive symptoms, with no complications requiring surgical intervention. Pathologic complete response (ypT0N0) was demonstrated in 13 patients (33%; 95% CI, 18.24%-47.76%).

Conclusions:
CONTRE seems to be a well-tolerated alternative to the current standard treatment sequence. Evaluating its impact on long-term outcomes would require a large randomized trial, but using pathologic response as an endpoint, it could serve as a platform for assessing the addition of novel agents to preoperative treatment in stage II to III rectal cancer.
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization as Salvage Therapy for Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kalva Sanjeeva P. , Rana Rich S. , Liu Raymond , Rachamreddy Niranjan , Dave Bhavika , Sharma Ashish , Ganguli Suvranu , Rabito Carlos , Kwak Eunice , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:
To report safety and survival outcomes of Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization when used as salvage therapy for chemotherapy-resistant liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

Methods:
In this IRB-approved retrospective study, 45 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer underwent Y-90 radioembolization after failure of systemic chemotherapy. Toxicities were assessed as per NCI-CTCAE and response based on RECIST and PET. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to calculate median survival, prognostic factors on univariate analysis, and Cox regression analysis for independent predictors of survival.

Results:
Y-90 radioembolization was technically successful in all (100%). Twenty-three patients (51%) had no toxicities, whereas 6 patients (13%) had grade 3 toxicities, and no patients had grade 4 toxicity. Two patients died within 30 days of treatment from renal failure unrelated to the procedure. Per RECIST, 1 patient (2%) had partial response, 34 (71%) had stable disease, and 6 (13%) had progressive disease. PET response was seen in 46% of patients with 2 patients (4%) demonstrating complete and 22 (42%) demonstrating partial metabolic response. The median survival was 186 days (95% CI, 149-277 d). Response on PET was the only independent predictor of superior overall survival. Patients who had response on PET following Y-90 therapy had a median overall survival of 317 days (10.6 mo) (95% CI, 193-564 d), whereas patients with no response on PET had a median overall survival of 163 days (5.4 mo) (95% CI, 64-283 d).

Conclusions:
Y-90 radioembolization as a salvage therapy for chemotherapy-resistant hepatic metastases from colon cancer was safe and resulted in disease stability. Response on PET was an independent predictor of superior overall survival.