bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributions and ranges of values of blood and urinary biomarker of inflammation and oxidative stress in the workers engaged in office machine manufactures: evaluation of reference values
Authors: Murase Tadashi , Kitamura Hiroko , Kochi Takeshi , Terunuma Niina , Kurosaki Shizuka , Hata Kouichi , Yanagi Nobuaki , Uchino Bungo , Kitahara Kayo , Morimoto Yasuo , Kasai Hiroshi , Sasaki Toshio , Ogami Akira , Higashi Toshiaki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:Interleukins, interferons and oxidative DNA products are important biomarkers assessing the inflammations and tissue damages caused by toxic materials in the body. We tried to evaluate distributions, reference values and age related changes of blood levels of inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), IgE and urine levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) among workers in a cohort study evaluating the health influences of toner particles.Methods:A total of 1366 male workers under age 50 years (age 19–49 years; 718 exposed and 648 not exposed to toner particles) in a cross sectional study of 1614 (categorized as 809 exposed and 805 not exposed, age 19–59 years) workers in a photocopier company has been followed prospectively as the cohort. Blood levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), CRP, IgE and urine 8-OHdG were measured annually for 5 years.Results:Reference values of the biomarkers are; CRP: 0.01–0.63×10-2g/L, IgE: 6–1480 IU/mL, IL-4: 2.6–76.1 pg/mL, IL-6: 0.4–4.9 pg/mL and 8-OHdG: 1.5–8.2 ng/mgCr. We could not evaluate reference values for IL-8 and IFN-γ because most of the values were below the sensitivity limits (2.0 pg/mL and 0.1 IU/mL, respectively). There were no differences of the biomarker levels between the toner exposed and the control workers. We observed a statistically significant age related decrease of serum IL-4 levels.Conclusions:This is the first report assessing the distributions and reference values of inflammatory biomarker levels in a large scaled cohort. We observed age related changes of some of the biomarkers. We could not detect any differences of the studied biomarker values between the toner exposed and the control workers.
Efficient synthesis of selected phthalazine derivatives
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Harrison Todd , Nammalwar Baskar 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Four phthalazine derivatives have been prepared from substituted 2-bromobenzaldehyde acetals by a sequence involving: (1) lithiation and formylation; (2) deprotection; and (3) condensative cyclization with hydrazine. Two additional phthalazines were prepared by a similar sequence following direct lithiation of benzaldehyde acetals substituted by anion-stabilizing groups at C3. These syntheses can be conveniently carried out to give phthalazines in overall yields of 40–70%.
Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 1. Syntheses and characterizations
Authors: Cazeils Emmanuel , Megiatto Jackson D. , Gardrat Christian , Pichavant Frédérique , Grelier Stéphane , Boulin Bertrand , Sagorin Gilles , Arbicha Pascal , Castellan Alain 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Syntheses of two new styrene monomers are described, which bear a C4 and C3 chain ending with an anthraquinone (AQ) unit, in para and meta positions of the benzene ring. Both monomers were submitted to radical polymerization, and three linear AQ polystyrene (PS) copolymers (CP-A, CP-B, and CP-C) were prepared. The first two differed by the nature of the link between the AQ and the PS network. An ether oxide group in CP-B gave better accessibility of AQ to the lignin polymer in lignocellulosics, and the incorporation of carboxylic acid functions in CP-C increased its hydrophilicity. The copolymers synthesized were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, ultraviolet, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, such as by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and thermogravimetry (TG). A cross-linked copolymer (CP-3D) bearing AQ units (11.3%) was prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of divinylbenzene. Contrary to linear copolymers, the latter was insoluble in aqueous and organic solutions, and displayed remarkable thermal stability.
Protein O-glycosylation analysis
Authors: Zauner Gerhild , Kozak Radoslaw P. , Gardner Richard A. , Fernandes Daryl L. , Deelder André M. , Wuhrer Manfred 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This review provides an overview on the methods available for analysis of O-glycosylation. Three major themes are addressed: analysis of released O-glycans including different O-glycan liberation, derivatization, and detection methods; analysis of formerly O-glycosylated peptides yielding information on O-glycan attachment sites; analysis of O-glycopeptides, representing by far the most informative but also most challenging approach for O-glycan analysis. Although there are various techniques available for the identification of O-linked oligosaccharides, the focus here is on MS fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced fragmentation, electron capture dissociation, and electron transfer dissociation. Finally, the O-glycan analytical challenges that need to be met will be discussed.
Shiga toxin glycosphingolipid receptor expression and toxin susceptibility of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas of differing origin and differentiation
Authors: Storck Wiebke , Meisen Iris , Gianmoena Kathrin , Pläger Ina , U. Kouzel Ivan , Bielaszewska Martina , Haier Jörg , Mormann Michael , Humpf Hans-Ulrich , Karch Helge , Müthing Johannes 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stxs) are composed of an enzymatically active A subunit (StxA) and a pentameric B subunit (StxB) that preferentially binds to the glycosphingolipid (GSL) globo\xadtriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer/CD77) and to a reduced extent to globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer). The identification of Gb3Cer as a tumor-associated GSL in human pancreatic cancer prompted us to investigate the expression of Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer in 15 human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines derived from primary tumors and liver, ascites, and lymph node metastases. Thin-layer chromatography overlay assays revealed the occurrence of Gb3Cer in all and of Gb4Cer in the majority of cell lines, which largely correlated with transcriptional expression analysis of Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer synthases. Prominent Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer lipoform heterogeneity was based on ceramides carrying predominantly C16:0 and C24:0/C24:1 fatty acids. Stx2-mediated cell injury ranged from extremely high sensitivity (CD50 of 0.94 pg/ml) to high refractiveness (CD50 of 5.8 μg/ml) and to virtual resistance portrayed by non-determinable CD50 values even at the highest Stx2 concentration (10 μg/ml) applied. Importantly, Stx2-mediated cytotoxicity did not correlate with Gb3Cer expression (the preferential Stx receptor), suggesting that the GSL receptor content does not primarily determine cell sensitivity and that other, yet to be delineated, cellular factors might influence the responsiveness of cancer cells.
An ensemble view of thrombin allostery
Authors: Lechtenberg Bernhard C. , Freund Stefan M.V. , Huntington James A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Thrombin is the central protease of the coagulation cascade. Its activity is tightly regulated to ensure rapid blood clotting while preventing uncontrolled thrombosis. Thrombin interacts with multiple substrates and cofactors and is critically involved in both pro- and anticoagulant pathways of the coagulation network. Its allosteric regulation, especially by the monovalent cation Na+, has been the focus of research for more than 30 years. It is believed that thrombin can adopt an anticoagulant (‘slow’) conformation and, after Na+ binding, a structurally distinct procoagulant (‘fast’) state. In the past few years, however, the general view of allostery has evolved from one of rigid structural changes towards thermodynamic ensembles of conformational states. With this background, the view of the allosteric regulation of thrombin has also changed. The static view of the two-state model has been dismissed in favor of a more dynamic view of thrombin allostery. Herein, we review recent data that demonstrate that apo-thrombin is zymogen-like and exists as an ensemble of conformations. Furthermore, we describe how ligand binding to thrombin allosterically stabilizes conformations on the continuum from zymogen to protease.
Perinatal prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Greenough Anne , Ahmed Na’eem 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), defined as oxygen dependency for at least 28 days after birth, is a common adverse outcome of very premature birth. Affected children require frequent readmissions to hospital in the first 2 years, and although lung growth and remodelling results in progressive improvement in lung function, airflow abnormalities may remain. Indeed, the most severely affected experience troublesome respiratory symptoms as adolescents and young adults. As a consequence, many potential preventative strategies have been investigated, and some have resulted in a reduction in BPD but with a negative risk/benefit ratio, for example, postnatal corticosteroids. Others therapies, namely antenatal corticosteroids and postnatal surfactant, have resulted in significant benefits to infants, including reductions in respiratory distress syndrome, necrotising enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage and neonatal death, but have not impacted favourably on the incidence of BPD, perhaps due to the increased survival of very immature infants. In one major trial, it has been shown that BPD can be reduced without adverse effects by caffeine administration. Avoidance of high oxygen concentrations at resuscitation is also a promising approach to reduce BPD.
Stepwise sequential screening for Down’s syndrome (combined test associated with modified genetic sonography) in pregnant women with low risk for chromosomal disorders
Authors: Sainz José A. , Peral Ignacio , Borrero Carlota , Almeida Carmen , Moro Antonio , Turmo Enriqueta 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Objective: To assess the sensitivity (Sen) and false positive ratio (FPR) of stepwise sequential screening [1st step: combined test (CT), 2nd step: modified genetic sonography (major malformation and nuchal fold, MGS)] as a screening method for Down’s syndrome (DS) in the general population of pregnant women.

Methods: Prospective study. During a 5-year study period (July 2005 to June 2010), 17,911 pregnant women were screened for DS using a stepwise sequential screening method (CT+MGS). We evaluated the Sen and FPR (95% CI) of the two chromosomal disorder screening methods for DS: CT and CT+MGS.

Results: Seventeen thousand nine hundred and eleven cases were analysed, including 67 with chromosome abnormalities and 45 with DS. The Sen of CT for DS was 80% (95% CI; 68.3–91.7) (36/45) with a FPR of 4.2% (95% CI; 3.9–4.5) (752/17, 866). The Sen of CT+MSG for DS was 93.3 (95% CI; 85.9–99) (42/45) with a FPR of 4.8% (95% CI; 4.5–5.1) (860/17, 866).

Conclusions: MGS coupled with CT increases the Sen of DS diagnosis by 13.3% (95% CI; 2.7–25.9), with an increase in FPR of 0.6% (95% CI; 0.5–0.7).
Towards the enhancement of transdermal drug delivery through thermocavitation
Authors: Padilla-Martinez Juan P. , Banks Darren , Ramirez-San-Juan Julio C. , Ramos-Garcia Ruben , Sun Feng , Aguilar Guillermo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough for some highly lipophillic drugs the principal barrier to permeate the human skin may reside in the essentially viable epidermal membrane, for most molecules, the stratum corneum (SC) is the rate-limiting barrier to drug delivery. Today, several techniques have been developed to enhance transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by increasing the effective permeability of the SC (e.g., iontophoresis, electroporation, micro-needle, ultrasound, radio frequency and laser radiation). The goal of this study is to investigate the extent to which thermocavitation may be used as a novel alternative method to selectively pierce the SC and thus enhance TDD. Thermocavitation for this purpose is generated by a continuous wave (CW), low power laser beam focused on a highly-absorbing solution topically applied on the skin surface. The absorbed light creates a superheated volume in a tightly localized region followed by explosive phase transition and the formation of vapor-gas bubbles, which expand and later collapse very rapidly emitting intense acoustic shockwaves that disrupt the surface underneath.Thermocavitation bubbles were induced close to the surface of skin models (agar gels) andThe damage observed on agar gel and porcine skin appears to be congruent with the relationship between laser power, focal point, cavitation frequency and extent of damage observed in previous studies. In particular, the greatest damage induced to the agar phantoms was produced with the lowest laser power (∼153 mW) and thinnest solution layer (∼100 μm) used. Similar laser and solution layer settings led to porcine skin damage of ∼80–100 μm in diameter, which was sufficiently large to break the SC and allow the penetration of 4 kDa, FITC-dextran to depths of ∼40–60 μm.This novel approach to achieve cavitation is attractive and seems promising because it can be generated with inexpensive, low power CW lasers, capable of selectively disrupting the SC and allowing the penetration of large, hydrophilic drugs topically applied to the skin.
Research on enhancement of GFRP-anchor’s torsional strength
Authors: Yan-qing Wang , Zhong-ming Wang , Cheng-jin Shen , You-liang Wu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article mainly aims at experiments to modify the matrix phase in glass fiber-reinforced plastics anchor (GFRP-anchor), trying to achieve the enhancement in the torsional performance of GFRP-anchor in order to expand its application field. The experiments were to add the mineral filling nano mullite powder and the toughening agent acrylic-polyurethane emulsion with different proportions into the matrix phase which experienced a vacuum-pumping process for the removal of bubble, while the same reinforced phase glass fiber was used by all the GFRP-anchor samples with the same forming process conditions. Torsion test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were investigated, and the results revealed that adding nano mullite powder into the matrix phase as the mineral filling with the mass fraction ratio of 1.5%, the acrylic polyurethane emulsion as the toughening agent with 5%, as well as the vacuum-pumping process for the removal of bubble from the matrix phase, can greatly improve the torsional strength of the GFRP-anchor by 35%, 41%, and 51%, respectively.
The Joint Commission Children’s Asthma Care Quality Measures and Asthma Readmissions
Authors: Fassl Bernhard A. , Nkoy Flory L. , Stone Bryan L. , Srivastava Rajendu , Simon Tamara D. , Uchida Derek A. , Koopmeiners Karmella , Greene Tom , Cook Lawrence J. , Maloney Christopher G. 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The Joint Commission introduced 3 Children’s Asthma Care (CAC 1–3) measures to improve the quality of pediatric inpatient asthma care. Validity of the commission’s measures has not yet been demonstrated. The objectives of this quality improvement study were to examine changes in provider compliance with CAC 1–3 and associated asthma hospitalization outcomes after full implementation of an asthma care process model (CPM).

METHODS:
The study included children aged 2 to 17 years who were admitted to a tertiary care children’s hospital for acute asthma between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2010. The study was divided into 3 periods: preimplementation (January 1, 2005–December 31, 2007), implementation (January 1, 2008–March 31, 2009), and postimplementation (April 1, 2009–December 31, 2010) periods. Changes in provider compliance with CAC 1–3 and associated changes in hospitalization outcomes (length of stay, costs, PICU transfer, deaths, and asthma readmissions within 6 months) were measured. Logistic regression was used to control for age, gender, race, insurance type, and time.

RESULTS:
A total of 1865 children were included. Compliance with quality measures before and after the CPM implementation was as follows: 99% versus 100%, CAC-1; 100% versus 100%, CAC-2; and 0% versus 87%, CAC-3 (P &lt; .01). Increased compliance with CAC-3 was associated with a sustained decrease in readmissions from an average of 17% to 12% (P = .01) postimplementation. No change in other outcomes was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of the asthma CPM was associated with improved compliance with CAC-3 and with a delayed, yet significant and sustained decrease in hospital asthma readmission rates, validating CAC-3 as a quality measure. Due to high baseline compliance, CAC-1 and CAC-2 are of questionable value as quality measures.
Maternal Multiple Micronutrient Supplements and Child Cognition: A Randomized Trial in Indonesia
Authors: Prado Elizabeth L. , Alcock Katherine J. , Muadz Husni , Ullman Michael T. , Shankar Anuraj H. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVES:
We investigated the relative benefit of maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation during pregnancy and until 3 months postpartum compared with iron/folic acid supplementation on child development at preschool age (42 months).

METHODS:
We assessed 487 children of mothers who participated in the Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial, a cluster-randomized trial in Indonesia, on tests adapted and validated in the local context measuring motor, language, visual attention/spatial, executive, and socioemotional abilities. Analysis was according to intention to treat.

RESULTS:
In children of undernourished mothers (mid-upper arm circumference &lt;23.5 cm), a significant benefit of MMNs was observed on motor ability (B = 0.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08–0.70]; P = .015) and visual attention/spatial ability (B = 0.37 [95% CI: 0.11–0.62]; P = .004). In children of anemic mothers (hemoglobin concentration &lt;110 g/L), a significant benefit of MMNs on visual attention/spatial ability (B = 0.24 [95% CI: 0.02–0.46]; P = .030) was also observed. No robust effects of maternal MMN supplementation were found in any developmental domain over all children.

CONCLUSIONS:
When pregnant women are undernourished or anemic, provision of MMN supplements can improve the motor and cognitive abilities of their children up to 3.5 years later, particularly for both motor function and visual attention/spatial ability. Maternal MMN but not iron/folic acid supplementation protected children from the detrimental effects of maternal undernutrition on child motor and cognitive development.
Do Auditor-Provided Tax Services Enhance or Impair the Value Relevance of Earnings?
Authors: Krishnan Gopal V. , Visvanathan Gnanakumar , Yu Wei 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT:
Recently, some firms have decoupled their audit and tax service providers in an effort to improve the perceived credibility of their financial statements. Many firms, however, continue to rely on their current auditor for tax services. Therefore, we examine whether investors assign a lower valuation to firms that continue to use their auditor for tax services. We find that the value-relevance of earnings is increasing in the ratio of tax fees over total fees paid to the auditor. Further, for a sample of firms that switched to other providers of tax services, we find that the value-relevance of earnings is lower in the year of the switch. These findings support the notion that on average, investors perceive the benefits of auditor-provided tax services; i.e., enhanced financial reporting quality due to knowledge spillover to be greater than the costs of auditor-provided tax services; i.e., threat to auditor independence. Our findings have important implications for audit committee chairs, managers, and regulators.
How Strategic Reasoning and Brainstorming Can Help Auditors Detect Fraud
Authors: Hoffman Vicky B. , Zimbelman Mark F. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
Auditors often fail to effectively modify their standard audit procedures in response to fraud risk. Two audit interventions, strategic reasoning (i.e., considering how the audit client may be concealing a fraud from the auditor) and brainstorming in groups, have been suggested to help auditors design better fraud detection procedures. This paper summarizes a recent study (“Do Strategic Reasoning and Brainstorming Help Auditors Change Their Standard Audit Procedures in Response to Fraud Risk?” [Hoffman and Zimbelman 2009], The Accounting Review) in which an experiment was conducted in a high-fraud-risk setting to see whether these interventions helped audit managers design better fraud procedures. The study found that both interventions improved auditors' planning judgments, but that combining them was not more effective than either one alone. That is, once individual audit managers reasoned strategically, adding more audit managers to the process in a brainstorming group did not result in better judgments, and brainstorming groups did not obtain additional benefits from reasoning strategically together.
Fantômes et fantasmes de transmission
Authors: Ciccone Albert 
Published: August 2012

Le développement psychique d’un enfant est tributaire, entre autres, du poids de l’héritage, constitué des attentes narcissiques des parents, adressées à l’enfant, au bébé, ainsi que des fantasmes que mobilise la parentalité et qui seront projetés sur l’enfant, transmis à l’enfant. L’enfant, le bébé, participe d’une certaine manière à la transmission, dans la mesure où il attracte les projections, les transmissions. Dans ces fantasmes ou ces mythes parentaux, familiaux, œuvreront éventuellement un certain nombre de « fantômes » ou de figures fantomatiques. Conjointement à l’étude de la transmission psychique, de la transmission des « fantômes », et de leurs effets, il convient aussi de se demander à quoi cela peut servir de croire à la transmission, de croire aux « fantômes », de croire qu’un sujet peut être habité ou hanté par une figure étrangère, transmise, et qui capture son identité ou produit des symptômes. Il convient ainsi d’étudier ce qu’on peut appeler les « fantasmes de transmission », leurs enjeux, leurs fonctions, dans la parentalité ordinaire comme dans les filiations traumatiques.
Le fantôme de l'Atlantide intime. Réduction embryonnaire et deuil périnatal
Authors: Missonnier Sylvain 
Published: August 2012

Une biographie qui débute le jour de l’accouchement est-elle sérieuse ? Non, pas plus qu’une anamnèse qui fait l’impasse sur l’histoire du sujet avant sa naissance. Après plusieurs décennies consacrées à la découverte des relations parents-bébé, le temps d’une psycho(patho)logie psychanalytique authentiquement périnatale est enfin venu. Dans cette voie, la période prénatale mérite d’être considérée comme une double métamorphose progressive et interactive : celle du devenir parent et celle du devenir humain. On ne naît pas parent à la naissance du bébé, on le devient (processus de parentalité anténatal). Le fœtus ne naît pas humain, il le devient durant la grossesse (premières étapes de l’ontogenèse). L’espace utéro-placentaire est l’interface entre le fœtus et son environnement. Cet entrecroisement de la nidification parentale et de la nidation fœtale est périlleux car il confronte à une inévitable incertitude sur l’issue oscillant entre le rien, la chose innommable informe, le monstrueux et le virtuellement humain. Ces métamorphoses du premier chapitre habitent-elles l’humain toute sa vie durant ? Pour esquisser une réponse, l’hypothèse psychanalytique d’une « relation d’objet virtuelle utérine » est ici cliniquement explorée à partir du récit clinique du deuil familial d’un fantôme de l’Atlantide intime.