bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Practice of Vascular Surgery: Findings from a National Registry (1996–2011)
Authors: Lozano Francisco S. , Marinello Josep , Moreno Rosa M. , Aguilar Maria D. , López‐Quintana Alfonso , Gonzalez‐Porras Jose R. , Alvarez Javier , Giménez‐Gaibar Antonio , Alguacil Rafael , Cairols Marc A. , Marco‐Luque Miguel A. , Vaquero Fernando , Callejas José M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this article is to present for the first time to the international community the detailed findings and outcomes of the Spanish Vascular Registry (SVR) after 16 years of experience.MethodsWe examined the nationwide registry promoted by the Spanish Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (1996–2011). The changes in vascular surgical activity in Spain during the period of study were examined. We evaluated the number of services, medical specialists, consultations, admissions, and operations that occurred in Spain. We also assessed the trends in therapeutic activity and the medical and social impact of vascular pathology.ResultsA mean of 60 centers (range = 32–83) participated in the SVR (79.3 % of the total). In the last year of the study period, 94.3 % centers (100 % of teaching centers) participated. The mean number of activities per hospital per year was 5,298 consultations, 2,625 vascular explorations, 630 hospital admissions (61 % elective and 31 % emergency), and 742 surgical procedures. A total of 29,289 carotid stenosis procedures had been registered over 16 years. Both carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedures have increased in frequency over time. In 2011, CAS constituted 19.3 % of all carotid procedures. A total of 31,703 abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) operations were registered during the study period. Surgery for ruptured AAA remained stable over time. Since its appearance in the year 2000, endovascular treatment (EVAR) increased steadily over time. Currently, EVAR represents about half of all AAA surgery (50.2 %). The total rate of in‐hospital operative deaths was 1.1 %, but in‐hospital mortality for open arterial surgery was 4 %. Mortality has decreased of late.
ConclusionsThe SVR has enabled us to understand the development and implementation of vascular surgery throughout Spain and to note the increased healthcare activity and the better overall results obtained as a consequence.
Mediterranean Diet Score and prostate cancer risk in a Swedish population-based case–control study
Authors: Möller Elisabeth , Galeone Carlotta , Andersson Therese M.-L. , Bellocco Rino , Adami Hans-Olov , Andrén Ove , Grönberg Henrik , La Vecchia Carlo , Mucci Lorelei A. , Bälter Katarina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSeveral individual components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to offer protection against prostate cancer. The present study is the first to investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the relative risk of prostate cancer. We also explored the usefulness of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) in a non-Mediterranean population. FFQ data were obtained from 1482 incident prostate cancer patients and 1108 population-based controls in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study. We defined five MDS variants with different components or using either study-specific intakes or intakes in a Greek reference population as cut-off values between low and high intake of each component. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of prostate cancer for high and medium v. low MDS, as well as potential associations with the individual score components. No statistically significant association was found between adherence to the Mediterranean diet based on any of the MDS variants and prostate cancer risk (OR range: 0·96–1·19 for total prostate cancer, comparing high with low adherence). Overall, we found little support for an association between the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer in this Northern European study population. Despite potential limitations inherent in the study or in the build-up of a dietary score, we suggest that the original MDS with study-specific median intakes as cut-off values between low and high intake is useful in assessing the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in non-Mediterranean populations.
Effects on obese women of the sugar sucrose added to the diet over
28 d: a quasi-randomised, single-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Reid Marie , Hammersley Richard , Duffy Maresa , Ballantyne Carrie 
Published: October 2013

To investigate whether obese women can compensate for sucrose added to the diet
when it is given blind, rather than gaining weight or exhibiting dysfunctional
regulation of intake, in the present study, forty-one healthy obese (BMI
30–35 kg/m2) women (age 20–50
years), not currently dieting, were randomly assigned to consume sucrose
(n 20) or aspartame (n 21) drinks over 4
weeks in a parallel single-blind design. Over the 4 weeks, one group
consumed 4 × 250 ml sucrose drinks
(total 1800 kJ/d) and the other group consumed
4 × 250 ml aspartame drinks. During
the baseline week and experimental weeks, body weight and other biometric data
were measured and steps per day, food intake using 7 d unweighed food
diaries, and mood using ten- or seven-point Likert scales four times a day were
recorded. At the end of the experiment, the participants weighed 1·72
(se 0·47) kg less than the value predicted by
the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
model; the predicted body weight accounted for 94·3 % of
the variance in the observed body weight and experimental group accounted for a
further 1·1 % of the variance in the observed body weight,
showing that women consuming sucrose drinks gained significantly less weight
than predicted. The reported daily energy intake did not increase significantly,
and sucrose supplements significantly reduced the reported voluntary sugar,
starch and fat intake compared with aspartame. There were no effects on appetite
or mood. Over 4 weeks, as part of everyday eating, sucrose given blind in soft
drinks was partially compensated for by obese women, as in previous experiments
with healthy and overweight participants.
Abnormalities in whole-brain functional connectivity observed in treatment-naive post-traumatic stress disorder patients following an earthquake
Authors: Jin C. , Qi R. , Yin Y. , Hu X. , Duan L. , Xu Q. , Zhang Z. , Zhong Y. , Feng B. , Xiang H. , Gong Q. , Liu Y. , Lu G. , Li L. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundConvergent studies have highlighted the dysfunction of the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, only a few studies have investigated the functional connectivity between brain regions in PTSD patients during the resting state, which may improve our understanding of the neuropathophysiology of PTSD. The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of whole-brain functional connectivity in treatment-naive PTSD patients without co-morbid conditions who experienced the 8.0-magnitude earthquake in the Sichuan province of China.MethodA total of 72 PTSD patients and 86 trauma-exposed non-PTSD controls participated in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. All these subjects were recruited from the disaster zone of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Functional connectivities between 90 paired brain regions in PTSD patients were compared with those in trauma-exposed non-PTSD controls. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis was performed between significantly abnormal connectivities in PTSD patients and their clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS) scores.ResultsCompared with non-PTSD controls, PTSD patients showed weaker positive connectivities between the middle prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and rectus, as well as between the inferior orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus. In addition, PTSD patients showed stronger negative connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the insula. The CAPS scores in PTSD patients correlated negatively with the connectivity between the amygdala and the mPFC.ConclusionsPTSD patients showed abnormalities in whole-brain functional connectivity, primarily affecting the connectivities between the mPFC and limbic system, and connectivity between the PCC and insula.
Bench-scale experiments for the development of a unified loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the in vitro diagnosis of Leishmania species' promastigotes
Authors: KARANI M. , SOTIRIADOU I. , PLUTZER J. , KARANIS P. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWe developed, in bench-scale experiments, a unified loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis using DNA of cultivated promastigotes. Two primer sets for the LAMP assay were designed based on the 18S rRNA gene, and their sensitivity and specificity were tested and compared. Both of them were specific for Leishmania as the DNA of all ten Leishmania species tested was amplified, whereas the DNA of other parasites, including that of Trypanosoma, was not. The detection limit for primer set 1 ranged between 30 pg and 3·6 fg, depending on which Leishmania species tested. Primer set 2 showed high sensitivity, but was less sensitive than primer set 1. Our findings lead to the conclusion that the LAMP assay with primer set 1 is a promising and effective assay for the successful detection of a wide range of Leishmania infections using only a unified multiplex LAMP test.
Flint Implements in Cornwall
Authors: Kendall H. G. O. 
Published: October 2013

My first paper on flint implements in Cornwall dealt with those of Booby Bay and Dinas Head, adjoining Trevose Head, near the famous cemetery at Harlyn Bay. Mention was made of the fact that prisms and cones of regular shape, and long thin flakes, occur there, and also at the inland site on the shore of Dozmare Pool. In both cases, pygmy flints are found with the flakes and cores. On the coast sites, however, scrapers are rare (at Booby Bay they are absent); whilst at Dozmare Pool they are numerous. They are both short and long at this site. The latter are sometimes formed on quite narrow blades. The facets are almost always grey. On the coast the chipped flints are sometimes grey, but are more often white, owing to exposure by the weathering away of the superincumbent soil.Both on the coast sites and at Dozmare Pool the flint tools are made from shore pebbles. Local ideas sometimes attribute the presence of these pebbles on the shore to the casting out of ballast from coasting ships. It is evident that they are in reality remains from the Tertiary beds of West Cornwall, which have now almost vanished, though a section may still be seen near S. Erth.
The Evidence of S. York's Surface Implements Relative to Classification and Dating
Authors: Armstrong A. Leslie , W.H.B  
Published: October 2013

The particular area dealt with in this paper is the extreme S.W. corner of the County, embracing roughly a triangle having its base of 14 miles along the high moors W. of Sheffield, viz., from Langsett (N.) to Fox House (S.), the apex at Mexboro', and the ridges on the right of the Don Valley forming one side.From its varied character, including as it does the extremes of bleak upland impossible of cultivation, and sheltered valley and lowland, it is in many respects an ideal area for study.Unfortunately, flint, for reasons explained later, is scarce, hence it is only by the cumulative results of patient search extending over a period of years that any conclusion can be arrived at touching the culture of the implements found.The base-line of the area under consideration follows in general the Yorkshire–Derbyshire boundary, and traverses a wide moorland country of considerable altitude, consisting of glacier-sculptured heights, seamed with deep, frequently precipitous ravines.
I.—Excavations at High Lodge, Mildenhall, in 1920, A.D.
Authors: Marr J. E. 
Published: October 2013

For many years the post-glacial age of palæolithic man in this country was generally accepted, though it was denied by some, especially by Prof. James Geikie and Mr. S. B. J. Skertchly. The latter based his views upon the distribution of the superficial deposits on the western borders of Norfolk and Suffolk, of which more anon.Of recent years, the work of various continental geologists has shewn that palæolithic man lived in western Europe before the latest glacial episode, and it seems very unlikely therefore, that the same was not the case in our own country. We determined, therefore, to open some sections in the well-known locality of High Lodge, Mildenhall, in order to try to obtain evidence upon this point. We would wish to record our cordial thanks to Sir Henry Bunbury, upon whose estates the High Lodge deposits are found, for giving us permission to make excavations, and affording us every facility during the operations. We also took advantage of a recently opened exposure at Warren Hill, to note the section exposed at that place.
The Maglemose Remains of Holderness and their Baltic Counterparts
Authors: Armstrong A. Leslie 
Published: October 2013

During recent years certain transitional cultural stages have been recognised which link up the Palæolithic and Neolithic civilisations, and for which the term Mesolithic is generally accepted. Of these the Maglemose stage is perhaps the most important, because in it are seen pronounced Palæolithic influences, and survivals, side by side with the first recognisable expressions of Neolithic culture.The typical station was discovered in 1900 by Dr. Sarauw, the Danish archæologist, in the peat moss of Maglemose, literally “the great moor,” formerly a fresh water lake but now thirteen feet above sea level, and situated near Mullerup, on the west coast of Zeeland.
The Transition Between Palæolithic and Neolithic Times i.e. the Mesolithic Period
Authors: Burkitt M. C. 
Published: October 2013

The problem of the transition period between Palæolithic and Neolithic times has long fascinated prehistorians. Much work has been done and a good deal more is known of this elusive era than was the case formerly, though still many things remain obscure. It is proposed here to try and sketch out what has been discovered with special reference to some of the early cultures of Northern Europe and then tentatively to apply this knowledge to our own country. The problem of the surface finds in East Anglia are very intricate and although it is not the province of this paper to concentrate on them, it is hoped that a little light may be thrown on the subject by this study and that some perhaps helpful suggestion may be made.As is well known, the difficulty that the early prehistorians had to face was the apparent catastrophic change in everything which took place at the end of Palæolithic times. Suddenly the Palæolithic industries, art and fauna cease, and their place is taken —as it then seemed—by the comparatively monotonous Neolithic industries of the so-called Western Circle with domestic animals, pottery, polished stone axes and a more or less modern fauna, showing that the climatic conditions, far from being arctic, had become reasonably genial.
The Flint Industries of Bapchild
Authors: Dines H. G. 
Published: October 2013

During the autumn of 1927, Mr. S. Williams, of Murston, observed palæolithic implements in a gravelly deposit underlying the brickearth in the pit which lies west of Haywood Farm, Bapchild. He kept a watch on the site, and, shortly after his first finds had been made, a small quarry was sunk in the bottom of the brickpit. This exposed the sub-brickearth deposits in section, and here Mr. Williams, assisted by Mr. T. Revel and other keen workers, carried out excavations, by permission of the owners of the property, Messrs. Smeed, Dean & Co., Ltd. Their labours were rewarded by a haul of more than four hundred artifacts, of Le Moustier type.The brickearth dug at Bapchild is placed in a wash-mill and converted to slurry, in which state it is pumped to the brickworks. The wash-mill is periodically cleaned out, and from the accumulation of stones that, at such times, is removed from the mill, a number of flakes of post-Le Moustier form have been found. These obviously came from the brickearth, but none had hitherto been found in situ. Towards the end of 1928 Mr. Williams was joined in his work of implement hunting by Mr. E. A. Mount, of Sittingbourne, whom he advised to give special attention to the brickearth in an endeavour to discover the source of the flakes that had been found in the wash-mill.
The Dimensions of Flint Implements
Authors: Barnes Alfred S. 
Published: October 2013

The study of flint implements has been confined in the past to a consideration of the characteristic features the implements display in virtue of the special uses for which they were designed, and of the methods employed in making them.The determination of the position which a given series of implements occupies in the accepted hierarchy of industries has therefore been largely a matter for the expert. In making such a determination, the dimensions of the specimens in question have doubtless to be considered, along with the characteristic features to which reference has already been made. This consideration, however, has been of a general character, and the dimensions of the implements as such have not played a formal or precise part in the determination of an industry. Keen and accurate observation and a retentive memory for ‘form’ enable a competent expert to synthesise in his mind the dimensions and the special features of an assemblage of implements. On these he bases his opinion as to the cultural level to which the implements belong.The object of the present paper is to place in the hands of the expert and the amateur alike simple statistical methods which, when applied to the dimensions of a sufficiently large group of implements, will enable the implements in question to be differentiated from others. In other words, the statistical treatment of the dimensions of a group of implements from a given industry yields results which are characteristic of that industry. At the same time it should clearly be understood that the use of statistical methods should supplement, but should not supplant, the consideration of the character of the flaking and of the special forms of the implements.
Presidential Address for 1934
Authors: Breuil L'Abbe Henri 
Published: October 2013

I must first of all thank you, and more especially Professor Childe and Mr. Maynard, as colleagues and fellow-workers in the research of Prehistoric Man, for the special honour you have paid to my labours, by appointing me your President for this year. I owe, I think, this exceptional mark of esteem to the many personal friends I have amongst you and to the fact that you are particularly alive to the attention with which I have tried to follow the valiant efforts of many of you, and to absorb on the actual sites the unusually important stratigraphical facts which these efforts have helped to bring to light.It was in 1898 that I came for the first time to your island, to study the Bronze Age of France at Nashmills, the home of your great fore runner, John Evans, one of the three English savants who gave their allegiance to Boucher de Perthes.I came back again in 1904 to study the Bruniquel collection at the British Museum, where Charles Reid and Reginald Smith gave me a generous welcome. Haddon and Henry Balfour, by their small but very instructive books on the evolution of primitive art, opened for me hitherto unsuspected vistas on the ornamental art of the Reindeer Age. It is to them that I owe my introduction in 1912, to Miles Burkitt, whom I took with me when he was quite young on my Spanish explorations and excavations, and who is now one of your masters.
Historical decline and probable extinction of the Jamaican Golden SwallowTachycineta euchrysea euchrysea
Authors: GRAVES GARY R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe endemic Jamaican subspecies of the Golden SwallowTachycineta euchrysea euchryseahas been rare and locally distributed since its discovery in 1847. By the 1950s, its geographic range had contracted to a small region along the northern frontier of Cockpit Country. The last unequivocal sight records occurred in the early 1980s, raising strong concern about the swallow’s conservation status. I conducted an island-wide search for the swallow from 1994 through 2012. Standardised censuses of aerial insectivores at 1,281 sites, including the last redoubts of the Golden Swallow in Trelawny Parish, revealed no evidence of the species. These surveys and the absence of documented sight records during the past three decades suggest that the Jamaican race of the Golden Swallow is close to extinction if not already extinct. The cause of the population decline is unknown but is most likely linked to chronic predation by introduced mammalian predators, particularly the arboreal black ratRattus rattus.
A review of records and research actions for the Critically Endangered Beck’s PetrelPseudobulweria becki
Authors: BIRD JEREMY P. , CARLILE NICHOLAS , MILLER MARK G. R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe “Critically Endangered” Beck’s PetrelPseudobulweria beckihas been recorded regularly in the Bismarck Sea during the past five years, but its nesting grounds are yet to be located. Previously, over 70 years elapsed between the collection of the original specimens in 1928 and 1929, and the next confirmed observations in 2007. We evaluate over 40 documented records of the species as well as recorded survey effort within the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands and we assess potential breeding areas as well as land and sea priority search areas. On current evidence, southern New Ireland, within the Bismarck Archipelago, remains the highest priority area to search for nesting colonies but other parts of the region also warrant further investigation. The species’s distribution, population size and trends, ecology and threats are all poorly known, so prescribing conservation actions is difficult. As a starting point we identify the most important research actions to advance current knowledge, recognising that locating the nesting grounds of the Beck’s Petrel remains the prime conservation priority for this species.