bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of three novel poly(phosphazene‐aryl amide)s containing cyclotriphosphazene structures
Authors: Zhao Zhengping , Guo Qiang , Li Xia , Sun Jinliang , Nie Zhijun , Luo Weili 
Published: October 2012

Abstract1,1,3,5‐tetraphenoxy‐3,5‐bis(4‐aminoanilino)cyclotriphosphazene, 1,1,3,5‐tetraphenoxy‐3,5‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenysulfone)anilino)]cyclotriphosphazene, and 1,1,3,5‐tetraphenoxy‐3,5‐bis(N,N′‐ethanediamine)cyclotriphosphazene were synthesized in two steps from the p‐Phenylenediamine, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, and ethylenediamine via nucleophilic substitution and catalytic reduction with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. Three novel aromatic polyamides such as poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐p‐phenylene amide), poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐p‐sulfuryl amide), and poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐ethyl amide) were synthesized from these diamines by direct polycondensation reaction with terephthaloyl chloride and pyridine in N‐methyl pyrrolidone, respectively. The chemical structures of the diamine monomers and three novel poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐aryl amide)s were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared, (1H and 31P) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Elemental Analysis. The thermal properties of the polyamides were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The crystallization behaviors of the polyamides were studied by Wide‐ray X‐ray diffraction, and the morphology of the pyrolysis residues were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The three poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐aryl amide)s with amorphous structure would exhibit an enhanced solubility in polar aprotic solvents and a superior thermal stability with initial decomposition temperature being at about 198–259°C. TGA curves of the poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐aryl amide)s exhibit mainly three thermal decomposition steps, and the poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐p‐phenylene amide) presents the highest solid residue rate 62.6% heated to 600°C. In the morphology analysis of the poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐aryl amide) solid residues, organophosphorus gelatum forms in the surface layer were observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy for the assessment of overt reading
Authors: Safi Dima , Lassonde Maryse , Nguyen Dang Khoa , Vannasing Phetsamone , Tremblay Julie , Florea Olivia , Morin‐Moncet Olivier , Lefrançois Mélanie , Béland Renée 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFunctional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become increasingly established as a promising technique for monitoring functional brain activity. To our knowledge, no study has yet usedfNIRSto investigate overt reading of irregular words and nonwords with a full coverage of the cerebral regions involved in reading processes. The aim of our study was to design and validate a protocol usingfNIRSfor the assessment of overt reading. Twelve healthy French‐speaking adults underwent one session offNIRSrecording while performing an overt reading of 13 blocks of irregular words and nonwords. Reading blocks were separated by baseline periods during which participants were instructed to fixate a cross. Sources (n = 55) and detectors (n = 16) were placed bilaterally over frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. Two wavelengths were used: 690 nm, more sensitive to deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentration changes, and 830 nm, more sensitive to oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration changes. For all participants, total hemoglobin (HbT) concentrations (HbO + HbR) were significantly higher than baseline for both irregular word and nonword reading in the inferior frontal gyri, the middle and superior temporal gyri, and the occipital cortices bilaterally. In the temporal gyri, although the difference was not significant, [HbT] values were higher in the left hemisphere. In the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, higher [HbT] values were found in nonword than in irregular word reading. This activation could be related to the grapheme‐to‐phoneme conversion characterizing the phonological pathway of reading. Our findings confirm thatfNIRSis an appropriate technique to assess the neural correlates of overt reading.
Comparable clinical safety and efficacy of biodegradable versus durable polymer paclitaxel eluting stents despite shorter dual antiplatelet therapy: Insights from a multicenter, propensity score‐matched registry
Authors: Buszman Piotr P. , Orlik Bartlomiej , Trela Blazej , Milewski Krzysztof , Kozlowski Michal , Pruski Maciej , Drzewiecki Janusz , Peppas Athanasios , Granada Juan F. , Kaluza Greg L. , Buszman Pawel E. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe biodegradable polymer drug‐eluting stents have been proposed as an alternative to durable polymer DES, theoretically improving vessel healing and reducing the need for prolonged double anti platelet therapy (DAPT), however clinical significance of this technology is under debate. Therefore, we sought to compare the clinical outcomes of two Paclitaxel eluting stents (PES) containing different polymer‐based eluting matrices.MethodsIn this multicenter registry of 392 consecutive patients who underwent PCI between June 2006 and September 2008, we included patients with stable angina or NSTE‐ACS displaying at least one significant lesion (>50% diameter stenosis) in native coronary arteries.ResultsBiodegradable polymer PES (BP‐PES, LUC Chopin2, Balton, Poland) was implanted in 206 patients, whereas durable polymer PES (DP‐PES, Taxus, Boston Scientific, USA) was implanted in 186 patients. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups with the exception of increased diabetes and number of lesions for BP‐PES. In risk‐unadjusted analysis at 1‐year follow‐up, there were no significant differences in TLR (BP‐PES: 8.4% vs. DP‐PES: 6%; P = 0.36), TVR (BP‐PES: 11.1% vs. DP‐PES: 8.4%; P = 0.36) and incidence of stent thromboses (BP‐PES: 2.15% vs. DP‐PES: 3.4%; P = 0.42) between groups. There was also no difference in MACCE between groups (17.6% vs. 14.4%, P = 0.49). The mean dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compliance at 1 year was 77% for BP‐PES versus 92% for DP‐PES (P = 0.03). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significantly higher long‐term stroke free survival in BP‐PES (P = 0.04). After adjustment, this was sustained with an additional tendency toward higher MI free survival for BP‐PES (P = 0.059).ConclusionsIn this observational analysis, BP‐PES were comparable to DP‐PES, with regard to incidence of repeated revascularizations, stent thromboses and MACCE despite earlier DAPT discontinuation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Reversible Chemosensory Polymers: Modulation of Sensitivity through the Attachment of Novel Imidazole Pendants
Authors: Satapathy Rudrakanta , Padhy Harihara , Wu Yen‐Hsing , Lin Hong‐Cheu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThree novel electron donor–acceptor conjugated polymers (P1–P3) bearing various imidazole pendants have been synthesized. Their excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties make them suitable transduction materials for chemosensing applications. Indeed, polymers P1–P3 have been found to show remarkable sensing capabilities towards H+ and Fe2+ in semi‐aqueous solutions. Upon titration with H+, polymers P1 and P2 showed hypsochromic shifts of their absorptions and photoluminescence (PL) maxima with enhanced fluorescence intensities. However, P3 showed diminished absorption and fluorescence intensities under similar conditions due to static quenching. The anomalous behavior of P3 compared with P1 and P2 has been clarified in terms of electronic distributions through computational analysis. Furthermore, P3 (KSV=1.03×107) showed a superior sensing ability towards Fe2+ compared with P1 (KSV=2.01×106) and P2 (KSV=4.12×106) due to its improved molecular wire effect. Correspondingly, the fluorescence lifetime of P3 was greatly decreased (almost 11‐fold) compared to those of polymers P1 (4.6‐fold) and P2 (6.2‐fold) in the presence of Fe2+. By means of a fluorescence on‐off‐on approach, chemosensing reversibilities in protonation–deprotonation and metallation–demetallation have been achieved by employing triethylamine (TEA) and the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2‐EDTA)/phenanthroline, respectively, as suitable counter ligands. 1H NMR titrations have revealed the unique behavior of P3 compared with P1 and P2. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of Fe2+ sensors based on single imidazole receptors conjugated to a main‐chain polymer showing such a diverse sensitivity pattern depending on their attached substituents.
Hollow‐Core Magnetic Colloidal Nanocrystal Clusters with Ligand‐Exchanged Surface Modification as Delivery Vehicles for Targeted and Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Li Dian , Tang Jing , Guo Jia , Wang Shilong , Chaudhary Deeptangshu , Wang Changchun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe fabrication of hierarchical magnetic nanomaterials with well‐defined structure, high magnetic response, excellent colloidal stability, and biocompatibility is highly sought after for drug‐delivery systems. Herein, a new kind of hollow‐core magnetic colloidal nanocrystal cluster (HMCNC) with porous shell and tunable hollow chamber is synthesized by a one‐pot solvothermal process. Its novelty lies in the “tunability” of the hollow chamber and of the pore structure within the shell through controlled feeding of sodium citrate and water, respectively. Furthermore, by using the ligand‐exchange method, folate‐modified poly(acrylic acid) was immobilized on the surface of HMCNCs to create folate‐targeted HMCNCs (folate‐HMCNCs), which endowed them with excellent colloidal stability, pH sensitivity, and, more importantly, folate receptor‐targeting ability. These assemblages exhibited excellent colloidal stability in plasma solution. Doxorubicin (DOX), as a model anticancer agent, was loaded within the hollow core of these folate‐HMCNCs (folate‐HMCNCs‐DOX), and drug‐release experiments proved that the folate‐HMCNCs‐DOX demonstrated pH‐dependent release behavior. The folate‐HMCNCs‐DOX assemblages also exhibited higher potent cytotoxicity to HeLa cells than free doxorubicin. Moreover, folate‐HMCNCs‐DOX showed rapid cell uptake apart from the enhanced cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. Experimental results confirmed that the synthesized folate‐HMCNCs are smart nanovehicles as a result of their improved folate receptor‐targeting abilities and also because of their combined pH‐ and magnetic‐stimuli response for applications in drug delivery.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pd@MxCu1−x (M=Au, Pd, and Pt) Nanocages with Porous Walls and a Yolk–Shell Structure through Galvanic Replacement Reactions
Authors: Xie Shuifen , Jin Mingshang , Tao Jing , Wang Yucai , Xie Zhaoxiong , Zhu Yimei , Xia Younan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of Pd@MxCu1−x (M=Au, Pd, and Pt) nanocages with a yolk–shell structure through galvanic replacement reactions that involve Pd@Cu core–shell nanocubes as sacrificial templates and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Compared with the most commonly used templates based on Ag, Cu offers a much lower reduction potential (0.34 versus 0.80 V), making the galvanic reaction more easily to conduct, even at room temperature. Our structural and compositional characterizations indicated that the products were hollow inside, and each one of them contained porous M–Cu alloy walls and a Pd cube in the interior. For the Pd@AuxCu1−x yolk–shell nanocages, they displayed broad extinction peaks extending from the visible to the near‐IR region. Our mechanistic study revealed that the dissolution of the Cu shell preferred to start from the slightly truncated corners and then progressed toward the interior, because the Cu {100} side faces were protected by a surface capping layer of hexadecylamine. This galvanic approach can also be extended to generating other hollow metal nanostructures by using different combinations of Cu nanostructures and salt precursors.
Enzymes for Detergents
Authors: Rähse Wilfried 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDie hohe Leistung moderner Waschmittel bei bereits 30 – 60 °C ist nur durch den Einsatz von spezifischen Enzymen und abgestimmten Enzymmischungen möglich. Die verschiedenen Enzyme docken am Schmutz an und hydrolysieren die festsitzenden Proteine, Polysaccharide und Fette. Tenside spülen die resultierenden Bruchstücke in die Waschflotte. Die Herstellung der Enzyme erfolgt mit Mikroorganismen in 40‐ bis 125‐m3‐Fermentern. Ins Fermentermedium sekretierte Enzyme werden nach Beendigung der Fermentation von den Mikroorganismen abgetrennt, konzentriert und konfektioniert. Hierbei dient die Enzymlösung als Granulationsflüssigkeit. Zur Gewährleistung der Produktsicherheit ist ein spezielles Coating notwendig. Das Produktdesign wird von der Gentechnik (Leistung) und der Gestaltung der Partikel (Handhabung) bestimmt.
Wide bandwidth and high precision power supply noise detector by using dual peak detection sample and hold circuits
Authors: Wey I‐Chyn , Peng Chien‐Chang , Chow Hwang‐Cherng 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we proposed a high‐performance, high‐precision power supply noise (PSN) detector by using dual peak detection sample and hold circuits with source follower. By using dual peak detection sample and hold circuits, we can avoid PSN missing detection and therefore avoid massive PSN detection error. We also added one dummy switch to cancel the charge injection effect and to improve the PSN detection accuracy. In the proposed design, we applied one PMOS type charging circuit to enhance the operation frequency of differential amplifier, which can widen both the PSN detection bandwidth and the detection range. As a result, in the proposed PSN detection circuit, the PSN detection bandwidth can be raised from 1 GHz to 2 GHz with the PSN detection error lowered to ±3%. Moreover, the PSN detection range is widened from 10%–50%VDD to 5%–65%VDD as compared with the state‐of‐the‐art design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domain specific genetic mosaic system in the Drosophila eye
Authors: Tare Meghana , Puli Oorvashi Roy , Moran Michael T. , Kango‐Singh Madhuri , Singh Amit 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGenetic mosaic approach is commonly used in the Drosophila eye by completely abolishing or misexpressing a gene within a subset of cells to unravel its role during development. Classical genetic mosaic approach involves random clone generation in all developing fields. Consequently, a large sample size needs to be screened to generate and analyze clones in specific domains of the developing eye. To address domain specific functions of genes during axial patterning, we have developed a system for generating mosaic clones by combining Gal4/UAS and flippase (FLP)/FRT system which will allow generation of loss‐of‐function as well as gain‐of‐function clones on the dorsal and ventral eye margins. We used the bifid‐Gal4 driver to drive expression of UAS‐FLP. This reagent can have multiple applications in (i) studying spatio‐temporal function of a gene during dorso‐ventral (DV) axis specification in the eye, (ii) analyzing genetic epistasis of genes involved in DV patterning, and (iii) conducting genome wide screens in a domain specific manner. genesis 51:68–74, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐Yielding Synthesis of β‐Octaalkyl‐meso‐(bromophenyl)‐Substituted Porphyrins and X‐ray Study of Axial Complexes of Their Zinc Complexes with THF and 1,4‐Dioxane
Authors: Mikhalitsyna Elena A. , Tyurin Vladimir S. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Syrbu Sergey A. , Semeikin Aleksandr S. , Koifman Oskar I. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNew 5‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐3,7,12,13,17,18‐hexamethyl‐2,8‐dipentyl‐ and 5,15‐bis(4‐bromophenyl)‐2,8,12,18‐tetramethyl‐2,8,12,18‐tetrapentylporphyrins (H2P‐1 and H2P‐2) and their zinc metal complexes (ZnP‐1 and ZnP‐2, respectively) were synthesized in high yields by condensation of β‐tetraalkyl‐substituted dipyrromethanes with 2‐formyl‐3,4‐dialkylpyrroles or 4‐bromobenzaldehyde and subsequent metallation. X‐ray analysis data showed the formation of axial complexes of ZnP‐1 and ZnP‐2 with the solvent molecules of THF and dioxane in the solid state. Coordination of ZnP‐1 with dioxane led to polymer multidecker structures.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy for analysis of oil content and fatty acid profile in almond flour
Authors: Fernández‐Cuesta Álvaro , Fernández‐Martínez José M. , Socias i Company Rafel , Velasco Leonardo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlmond kernels show large variability for oil content and fatty acid profile. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the analysis of these traits in almond flour. Ground kernels of 181 accessions collected in 2009 were used for developing calibration equations for oil content and concentrations of individual fatty acids. Calibration equations were developed using second derivative transformation and modified partial least squares regression. They were validated with samples from 179 accessions collected in 2010. The accuracy of calibration equations was measured through the coefficient of determination (r2) in external validation and the ratio of the SD in the validation set to the standard error of prediction (RPD). Both r2 and RPD were high for oil content (r2 = 0.99; RPD = 9.24) and concentrations of oleic (r2 = 0.97; RPD = 5.37) and linoleic acids (r2 = 0.98; RPD = 7.35), revealing that calibration equations for these traits are highly accurate. Conversely, the accuracy of the calibration equations for palmitic (r2 = 0.54; RPD = 1.41) and stearic acids (r2 = 0.52; RPD = 1.44) was too low for allowing their application in practice. NIRS discrimination of oil content and concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids was mainly based on the spectral region from 2240 to 2380 nm.Practical applications: NIRS is a high‐throughput analytical technique that allows fast measurement of several traits in a single analysis without using chemical reagents. We evaluated the feasibility of analyzing oil content and concentrations of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids in almond flour using fruits collected during 2 years from a world germplasm collection. The fruits collected in 2009 were used for NIRS calibration, whereas the fruits collected in 2010 were used for validation. NIRS equations were highly accurate for measuring oil content and concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids, which are important traits defining the quality of almond flour for specific uses in the food industry. These results have applications both in the research laboratory and the food industry, where NIRS is becoming a widely used technique for quality control.
Synthesis and Copper(I)‐Driven Disaggregation of a Zinc‐Complexed Phthalocyanine Bearing Four Lateral Coordinating Rings
Authors: Martynov Alexander G. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Tsivadze Aslan Y. , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new zinc phthalocyaninate, bearing four flexible phenanthroline‐containing 30‐membered rings was synthesized by template condensation of a macrocyclic phthalonitrile. The resulting phthalocyanine was an insoluble aggregate. However, in the presence of CuI ions, the formation of a soluble complex was observed. UV/Vis and DOSY NMR spectroscopic studies showed a monomolecular state for this species in solution. 1H‐1H ROESY demonstrated that the macrocyclic substituents adopt a folded conformation, giving the complex a globular shape. The folding originates from stacking interactions between the phthalocyanine core and peripheral copper(I)–phenanthroline complexes.
NHC‐Ligand Effectiveness in the Fluorine‐Free Hiyama Reaction of Aryl Halides
Authors: Peñafiel Itziar , Pastor Isidro M. , Yus Miguel 
Published: October 2012

Abstract1‐Benzyl‐3‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethyl)imidazolium chloride (5), which is a precursor of an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, in combination with palladium acetate, has been employed as an effective catalyst for the fluorine‐free Hiyama reaction. A systematic study of the catalytic mixture, by a 32 factorial design, has revealed that both the amount of palladium and the Pd/NHC precursor ratio are important factors for obtaining good yields of the coupling products, indicating an interaction between them. The best catalytic system involves mixing 0.1 mol‐% palladium acetate in a 1:5 ratio (Pd/salt 5), which allows the effective coupling of a range of aryl bromides and chlorides with trimethoxy(phenyl)silane. The Hiyama reactions are carried out in NaOH solution (50 % H2O w/w), at 120 °C under microwave irradiation during 60 min.
Tsuji–Trost N‐Allylation with Allylic Acetates by Using a Cellulose–Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Vaddula Buchi Reddy , Saha Amit , Varma Rajender S. , Leazer John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAllylic amines were synthesized by a simple procedure using a biodegradable and easily recyclable heterogeneous cellulose–Pd catalyst through N‐allylation of primary and secondary amines. The scope of this protocol includes aliphatic and benzylamines with substituted and unsubstituted allyl acetates and culminates in high yield syntheses. The highlights of the protocol include a ligand‐free reaction, simple workup, and catalyst recyclability.
Investigation of Electrochemical Properties of Metalloporphyrin Species at the Liquid/Liquid Interface by Switching Substitutes on the Porphyrin Ring
Authors: Lu Xiaoquan , Gu Wenting , Sun Ruiping , Liu Xiuhui 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn order to investigate the electrochemical properties of porphyrin complexes species in biological systems, metalloporphyrin with different substitutes was applied to observe the process of heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Experimental results demonstrated that the process of electron transfer was affected dramatically by the presence of different substitutes. Our results also show that the rate constant follows BulterVolmer kinetics where the rate increases with increasing force at the low driving force, and Marcus inverted region kinetics at the high driving force where the rate decreases.
Biosensor with Protective Membrane for the Detection of DNA Damage and Antioxidant Properties of Fruit Juices
Authors: Ziyatdinova Guzel , Labuda Jan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWith the purpose to prepare a DNA biosensor protected with an outer‐sphere membrane against high molecular weight interferences, a carbon film electrode was layer‐by‐layer modified with dsDNA and chitosan. Using cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, the oxidative damage of DNA by the hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals was detected which consists of opening of the helix structure followed by deep DNA chain degradation. The biosensor has been applied to the detection of the antioxidant effect of apple and orange juices. The investigation of the novel biosensor with a protective membrane represents a significant contribution to the field of DNA biosensors utilization.