bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ousted
Authors: Aran Yifat , Pollman Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Founder-CEOs may hold power in a corporation in myriad ways: through managerial control, by designating seats on the board, or by holding significant voting power, which can be amplified by dual-class structures with superior voting rights. The debate on control mechanisms such as dual- and multi-class stock structures, as well as concomitant concerns about the cult of founder-CEOs and their grip on managerial power, have been a central theme of corporate law and governance in an era of “founder-friendly” startup governance and tech company dominance of markets. Amid the twists and turns of this debate, we observe that a small but important point is missing: a substantial number of founder-CEOs have been ousted—forced or pushed to step down from the CEO role despite maintaining important indicia of control that, according to prevailing theory, empowers them to withstand such pressures.
We argue that a variety of countervailing forces and factors can work to limit the durability of a founder-CEO’s power and may ultimately lead to their resignation under pressure even though they may hold significant or even controlling voting power. Among these forces are performance problems or poor financial position of the company or its stock value, legal concerns, employee and public pressure, as well as personal motivations and struggles. A founder-CEO who faces strong opposition and adverse effects on the company’s performance is often better off stepping down than attempting to maintain managerial control. Further, we explore the limits of these forces on powerful founder-CEOs—they can only do so much to serve as guardrails against voting control and they exist in a particular moment. Ousting can be temporary, and founder-CEOs can find their way back to the throne or see a rebirth in new ventures. Finally, we examine how an appreciation of these forces and their limits can shed new light on why public investors might be willing to accept multi-class structures in venture-backed startup IPOs.
GEOLOGIC AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE UPPER DEVONIAN COALS OF THE NORTH TIMAN (THE SULA RIVER COAL FIELD)
Authors: БУШНЕВ Д.А. , БУРДЕЛЬНАЯ Н.С. , СНИГИРЕВСКИЙ С.М. , БЕЗНОСОВ П.А. , КОТИК О.С. , ПРОНИНА Н.В. , ГРИНЬКО А.А. 
Published: July 2024

Комплексно исследован состав древнейших углей Тимано-Североуральского региона, приводятся сведенья об их углеводородном и микрокомпонентном составе. Показана связь углей с определёнными растительными сообществами позднего девона Северного Тимана. В ряде образцов выявлено присутствие микро- и мегаспор и остатков растений, относящихся преимущественно к плауновидным рода Helenia; образование гагатов связывается с древесиной археоптерисовых, относимых к роду Callixylon. Значения отражательной способности витринита и показатели Tmax, а также данные о распределении полициклических биомаркеров и метилфенантренов указывают на невысокий катагенез органического вещества углей. Для битумоида исследованных углей характерно доминирование стеранов и диастер-13(17)-енов состава С28 и С29. Идентифицированы дитерпаны: биеран, 16α(H)-кауран и 16β(H)-кауран и 16α(H)-атисан при отсутствии филокладана.
The composition of the oldest coals of the Timan–northern Urals region has been studied comprehensively, and their hydrocarbon and microcomponent characteristics are given. The relationship between different types of coals and Late Devonian plant communities of the North Timan is revealed. It is also determined that some samples contain microspores, megaspores, and plant remains belonging mainly to the lycopod Helenia. The most probable source of jet coals is identified as the wood of the progymnosperm Callixylon. The values of vitrinite reflectance and Tmax and the data on the distribution of polycyclic biomarkers and methylphenanthrenes indicate the low maturation of the coal organic matter. The coal bitumen investigated here is characterized by the dominance of steranes and diaster-13(17)-enes of compositions С28 и С29. The following diterpanes are identified: beyerane, 16α(H)-kaurane, 16β(H)-kaurane, and 16α(H)-atisane. At the same time, phyllocladane is absent.
EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SHALE OIL IN CHINA: STATE, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS
Authors: ЦЗИНЬ Ч. , ЛЯН С. 
Published: July 2024

В статье представлена информация о современном состоянии разведки и разработки сланцевой нефти в озерных континентальных формациях в основных бассейнах на территории Китая, обобщены основные теоретические идеи и ключевые технологии их разведки и их разработки, рассмотрены перспективы разведки и разработки сланцевой нефти континентальных формаций на территории Китая. Считается, что разведка и разработка скоплений сланцевой нефти в обогащенных органическим веществом типов I и II средней и высокой зрелости сланцевых формациях является ключевым направлением для доведения ее добычи в Китае до уровня 10 млн т в год. Это сыграет важную роль в доведении в перспективе стабильной добычи нефти Китая до 200 млн т в год. Методика добычи нефти в обогащенных органическим веществом сланцевых формациях средней и низкой зрелости должна быть разработана, что приведет к серьезным изменениям в добыче нефти после того, как будут сделаны новые прорывы в теории и технологии освоения сланцевых месторождений.
This article presents the latest state of exploration and development of shale oil of continental lacustrine formations in the main basins of China, summarizes the main theoretical considerations and key technologies for exploration and development, and suggests prospects for exploration and development of shale oil in China. It is believed that the exploration and development of oil in shale formations rich in organic matter of types I and II of medium and high maturity are key to the breakthrough of production of 10 million tons in China. This will play an important role in China's stable oil production at the level of 200 million tons per year in the future. The efficient development of medium- and low- maturity shale oil resources can be significantly improved and lead to serious changes in oil production only after new breakthroughs in the theory and technology of shale deposits.
PETROLEUM POTENTIAL AND ORGANIC-MATTER–OIL CORRELATION IN THE ROCKS OF THE UPPER RIPHEAN IREMEKEN FORMATION IN THE KAMO ARCH OF THE BAIKIT ANTECLISE (SIBERIAN PLATFORM)
Authors: БОЛДУШЕВСКАЯ Л.Н. , ФАДЕЕВА С.В. , ГОНЧАРОВ И.В. , ТРУШКОВ П.В. , САМОЙЛЕНКО В.В. , ВЕКЛИЧ М.А. , КРАСИЛЬНИКОВА Н.Б. , САВЧИК Д.М. , РУДАЯ Г.Ю. , ТУРОВА А.Б. , НИКОЛАЕВА Ю.Л. 
Published: July 2024

Для цели построения бассейновой модели выполнен и проанализирован комплекс лабораторных исследований рифейских пород и нефтей методами органической геохимии, в частности, удалось сравнить параметры органического вещества верхнерифейской ирэмэкэнской углеродистой пачки и нефтей по углеводородам-биомаркерам. Анализ полученных данных хроматомасс-спектрометрии показал неординарность ирэмэкэнской толщи и нефтей, полученных из нее, что проявляется в низком содержании хейлантанов и стеранов, групповом составе экстрактов. Обогащенные ОВ отложения ирэмэкэнской толщи верхнего рифея с превосходным нефтегазогенерационным потенциалом в пределах Камовского свода достигли пика нефтегенерации, вероятно, только в самой погруженной части Мадринского прогиба, что не позволило бы полностью заполнить ловушки. Распределение трициклических терпанов в битумоидах пород в изученных скважинах указывает на недостаточную зрелось ОВ ирэмэкэнской толщи, однако в самых погруженных зонах Камовского свода и прилегающих территорий, генерация несомненно происходила из ОВ ирэмэкэнской толщи и в нефтях из верхнеирэмэкэнской подтолщи мы это отмечаем на Куюмбинском и Терско-Камовском месторождениях.
A complex of laboratory studies of Riphean rocks and oils was carried out by the organic-geochemistry methods to construct a basin model for the Kamo arch of the Baikit anteclise of the Siberian craton. We compared the parameters of the organic matter (OM) and oils of the Upper Riphean Iremeken carbonaceous member by biomarker hydrocarbons. Analysis of the obtained chromatography–mass spectrometry data showed an unordinary group hydrocarbon composition of extracts from the OM and oils and low contents of cheilanthanes and steranes in them. Within the Kamo arch, the Upper Riphean Iremeken OM-enriched deposits with a high petroleum potential might have reached the peak of petroleum generation only in the deepest part of the Madra trough; thus, the traps could not be completely filled with oil. The distribution of tricyclic terpanes in the rock bitumens from the studied wells testifies to immature OM in the Iremeken Formation. However, in the most submerged zones of the Kamo arch and in the adjacent areas, oil was generated from the OM of the Iremeken Formation. This is evidenced by the oils of the Upper Iremeken Subformation in the Kuyumbinskoe field and the Ter'-Kamo license area.
Cuba Hunger Force
Authors: Tomé Patricia 
Published: July 2024

The article examines the role of food fantasy -- induced by scarcity and hunger -- in the 1998 novel by Daína Chaviano -- part of a series entitled The Hidden Havana--El hombre, la hembra y el hambre (The Man, the Female, and the Hunger) which won the prestigious Azorín prize that same year partly due to its personal recounting of a heroic young Cuban woman who – unlike the author herself who fled Cuba in – must live on the island at the cusp of the most pervasive national scarcity since the triumph of the socialist Revolution: the nineties. With a plot meant to awaken the sexual and culinary appetite of any reader, the erotic imagery begins to dissipate as the novel enters the realm of a socio-economic, political, and cultural snare. Amid a visually scrawny and disintegrating society, gastronomical images are peculiarly abundant in literary, cinema topographic, and musical productions written in and about the Cuba of the 1990's. Food – obtaining it, cooking it, consuming it, and digesting it – becomes the sort of incentive a prototypical superhero (or heroine, as in our case) aims to obtain in order to heighten his or her powers – supernatural powers that will allow subsistence in a reality where ‘meat is gold for the poor.’
A Nineteenth Century Ottoman Gentleman's Cookbook
Authors: Işın Priscilla Mary 
Published: July 2024

The author, who lives in Istanbul and spends most of her spare time in the libraries there, recently edited in a handsome paperback edition the Turkish book which is the subject of this essay. The book (ISBN 975-363-825-6) is entitled A?ç?ba??, by Mahmud Nedimbin Tosun, and is published by YKY. Their address is given in a note at the very end of the essay, together with information about price and ordering.
The book, published in 1900, was written by a Turkish officer, Mahmud Nedim bin Tosun who wrote his book with attention to detail and to appeal to the inexperienced cook.
BIOMECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ENDO-EXO-PROSTHETICS OF THE LOWER LIMBS
Authors: Sitenko Oleksandr , Sitenko Taras 
Published: July 2024

The prospects of creating new opportunities in the rehabilitation of patients with limb amputations are generally associated with the method of osseointegration and endo-exo-prosthetics (EEP). The results of the practical application of the method indicate attention to the analytical consideration of all its components, all stages. Objective. To substantiate the expediency and directions of research and development of the theoretical and practical principles of EEP from the standpoint of the full cycle, including both the problems of osseointegration and functional qualities, constructive and technological principles regarding the prostheses themselves, the methodology of the process of mastering and using them. Results. Considered biomechanical and other arguments, which substantiate the objects of research and development of medicaltechnical and medical-technological means, including the constructions of endo-exo-prostheses, methods of learning to use them, evaluation of the quality of locomotion, increasing the reliability of the «implant-bone» c ontact. The d esign principle of a hip prosthesis with a removable unloading module is proposed, which is installed at the stage of mastering the prosthesis, and in necessary cases, during constant use. The possibilities of the method of recognizing biomechanical patterns of movements for teaching patients to walk on prostheses, for adjusting functional nodes and assessing the quality of prosthetics are shown. Conclusions. The problemof endo-exo-prosthetics is considered for the first time from the standpoint of the requirements for the functions and qualities of the prostheses themselves. Reasoned directions of application and significance of clinical, experimental and mathematical biomechanics methods for analysis and development of the functional structure of endo-exo prostheses, to reduce risks when using them.
Generation in the Dimension of Growing Responsibility
Authors: Shcherbenko E. V. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of generation, which is a necessary condition for the birth of the modern open society, taking into account the risks that accompany this process. Theoretical basis. The research covers a wide range of concepts (K. Mannheim, J. Ortega y Gasset, M. McLuhan, B. Anderson, P. Connerton, etc.), which reveal the temporal aspect of the analysed phenomenon, in particular, the insecurity of its constitution (the risk of a "lost generation") in the horizon of modernity as an unfinished project (J. Habermas), and the growing degree of responsibility associated with the formation of the creative social class. Originality. For the first time in the research literature, the author analyses the connection between the study of the phenomenon of generation and the establishment of a consensus in the modern world on the observance of the rules of win-win games as the value foundation of Western civilization. One of the key points of this process is the processing of the traumas of modernization. The omission of this task in the agenda of the transition society, despite the warnings evident in retrospect, releases the element of resentment, with consequences that can be qualified as an anthropological catastrophe. Conclusions. Ukrainian society, opening up to the world and working through the traumas of modernisation (Chornobyl, the Holodomor, the Fall of Lenin), which has become a kind of hermeneutical cycle of healing the "humanitarian aura of the nation" (L. Kostenko), in the process of which new layers such as the creative class appeared on the public scene, has demonstrated the European identity of the Ukrainian community. In the new horizon after 02/24, when, according to A. Yermolenko, it is no longer possible to talk about the postmodern situation, the Ukrainian agenda irreversibly acquires globality and should be rethought in the dimension of the "big time" and its global responsibility. This affects, in particular, the entire legacy of Russian-Soviet modernisation, to the extent that it has become an integral part of modern Ukrainian identity, including such controversial pages as the "Afghan" trauma.
Les «Tchakaloké » ou l’art de soigner les fractures et entorses en pays Idaatcha au Bénin : un patrimoine immatériel entre savoir-faire et spiritualité
Authors: AGBAKA Opêoluwa Blandine 
Published: July 2024

La tradithérapie au Bénin demeure en dépit de la multiplication des hôpitaux et centres de santé publics et privés, la médecine la plus accessible aux populations en premier lieu, en raison de son coût abordable par rapport à la médecine moderne, mais également, parce qu’au-delà de tout, elle continue de représenter l’héritage des ancêtres.
Le présent article a pour objectif principal de présenter l’ancrage profond et encore très vivant des connaissances et savoir faire des « Tchakaloké », tradithérapeuthes spécialisés dans le soin des fractures et entorses en pays Idaatcha, dans la commune de Dassa-Zoumè, département des Collines au centre nord du Bénin. Cette recherche s’est appuyée sur une méthodologie d’observation participative axée sur des enquêtes de terrain, une approche empirique et une recherche documentaire spécialisée. Elle a abouti d’une part, à collecter des informations sur les pratiques usuelles de soins pour les entorses et les fractures chez les Tchakaloké et d’autre part, à mettre en évidence les connaissances et compétences majeures, de même que les conditions socioculturelles et socio-environnementales qui entourent ce savoir-faire de la médecine traditionnelle.
Il en découle qu’en dépit des difficultés de transmission intergénérationnelle de plusieurs éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel au Bénin, il existe dans nos sociétés actuelles, des connaissances et savoir-faire qui continuent de porter le flambeau d’un héritage ancestral multiséculaire.
La réflexion commence par les enjeux de sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité (PCI), pour aborder ensuite les caractéristiques et enjeux du PCI au niveau africain. Le troisième point présente les Tchakaloké et leur art de soigner les fractures et les entorses. L’article se termine avec les enjeux d’une valorisation de ce savoir-faire.
L'Impact de la Gouvernance sur le Développement Économique en Afrique
Authors: Bouhlel Sofian 
Published: July 2024

Cette étude examine l'impact de la gouvernance sur les Investissements Étrangers Directs (IED) et le commerce en Afrique. Les principales conclusions révèlent que les Indicateurs mondiaux de la gouvernance : voix citoyenne et responsabilité, stabilité politique et absence de violence, efficacité des pouvoirs publics, qualité de la réglementation, État de droit, maîtrise de la corruption sont des moteurs majeurs de la croissance économique sur le continent. Ils émergent comme des facteurs cruciaux pour attirer les IED et renforcer le commerce, soulignant l'importance de la bonne gouvernance. Ainsi, les institutions transparentes et efficaces favorisent également l'intégration dans le commerce international et IED. L'analyse régionale met en lumière des variations significatives, soulignant l'importance de considérer les contextes nationaux spécifiques. Les approches quantitatives confirment les objectives identifiées offrant des insights riches sur les dynamiques nationales qui seront justifiées par des corrélations au premier lieu après à travers la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaire (OLS) pour voir l’importance de chaque indicateur de gouvernance sur le commerce et sur IED. Ces conclusions soulignent l'impératif de renforcer les institutions et d'adopter des politiques publiques axées sur la bonne gouvernance pour stimuler le développement économique durable en Afrique.
Management of Miller’s Class-III multiple recession defects in mandibular anterior teeth using vista technique and PRF membrane: A case report
Authors: Lanka Shiny Supriya , Sundaram Rajasekar , Sankar Lakshmi Sree 
Published: July 2024

Gingival recession, characterized by the displacement of gingival tissue towards the root surface, poses challenges like compromised aesthetics and heightened vulnerability to dental issues such as root caries and sensitivity. Various surgical techniques have been developed to address these concerns, with recent advancements like the Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access (VISTA) technique showing promise, especially for multiple recession defects in the esthetic zone. VISTA reduces tissue trauma and promotes optimal healing by minimizing micromotion, thus enhancing the overall success of root coverage procedures. Integrating Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes aids in soft tissue healing and graft integration, offering a cost-effective and immune-friendly option to bolster procedure success.In a 31-year-old female patient with receding gums and mobile teeth, vestibuloplasty was performed after oral prophylaxis and stabilization of mobile teeth to address the inadequate vestibular depth and mucogingival deformity. Post-operative care included antibiotics and pain relief medications. Subsequently, a Miller’s Class-III multiple gingival defect (MRD) was corrected using the VISTA technique combined with Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane application. PRF was inserted into the tunnel to cover the denuded roots and to improve the gingival phenotype and the surgical site was sutured. One month later, successful healing was evident with increased vestibular depth, demonstrating effective treatment outcomes.
Treatment of periodontal osseous defect with bio-oss xenograft and biodegradable IGF fibers: A case report
Authors: Babu Mutthineni Ramesh , Paul Arpita , Pravalika Puramu 
Published: July 2024

Osseous defect caused due to periodontitis needed to be repaired or regenerated to avoid tooth loss. Bio-oss is made up of 10% porcine collagen and can induce osteoblastic differentiation due to its volumetric stability and out standing osteoconductive properties. Application of growth factors in regenerative procedures have helped to maintain the scaffold and induce several cellular processes. The biodegradable fibers incorporated with IGF growth factor has strong effect on PDL fibroblasts, mitogenesis, and protein synthesis which promotes osteogenesis and cementogenesis. A patient having grade II furcation and intrabony defect was treated and evaluated after 12 months with biodegradable fibers infused with insulin like growth factor and bio oss xeno graft irt 36. Treated site responded well to the use of the bovine bone mineral with good tissue response and an improvement and there was an overall mean probing pocket reduction in the deepest site of osseous defects. The clinical parameters assessed are plaque index, bleeding on brobing, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level, glickman’s furcation index and RVG at baseline, 6 and 12 months post operatively. Both the bone grafts resulted in better regeneration when compared to base line and 12 months.Bio oss (bovine bone mineral) and biodegradable fibres infused with insulin like growth factor materials are of considerable promise for regeneration with better clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Dampak Pertanian Organik dan Konvenional pada Biodiversitas dan Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Budi Daya Tanaman Padi Sawah
Authors: Indriyati Lilik Tri , Santoso Sugeng , Irianti Enjeline 
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of leveling off and environmental degradation that occurs as a negative impact of the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides encourages the development of organic farming systems that can produce crop yields that are not contaminated and free from synthetic chemicals and maintain a healthier environment. The research was conducted from October to December 2022 by taking soil samples from farmers' paddy fields in Tegal Regency using an organic (Cawitali Village) and conventional or non-organic (Jembayat Village) farming system. Composite soil samples were taken from a soil depth of 0 to 20 cm from the soil surface using a soil drill on lowland rice fields with organic farming systems and conventional farming after harvest. The analysis of the chemical properties of the soil carried out was C-organic (Walkley and Black), N-total (Kjeldahl), CEC and soil bases (exch-Ca, exch-Mg, exch-K, and exch-Na), total P (25% HCl) and available P (Bray I), while the observed soil biological properties were the total number of microbial and fungal populations. The results showed that organic paddy soil's chemical and biological properties were relatively higher than conventional paddy soil's. Total fungi in organic lowland soils were lower than in conventional paddy fields. The nutrient status of C-organic and N-total in organic rice fields tended to increase compared to conventional rice fields, namely from very low to low and low to moderate, respectively. In contrast, the other nutrient statuses observed tended to remain relatively unchanged. Generally, soil biological and chemical properties were better in organic farming than in conventional farming systems.

Keywords: leveling off, organic farming, conventional farming, nutrient status