bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Artificial Intelligence Based Language Interpretation in Non-Urgent Paediatric Emergency Consultations: A Clinical Performance Test and Legal Evaluation
Authors: Brandenberger Julia , Stedman Ian , Stancati Noah , Sappleton Karen , Kanathasan Sarathy , Fayyaz Jabeen , Singh Devin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Google Translate (GT) in translating low-acuity paediatric emergency consultations involving respiratory symptoms and fever, and to examine legal and policy implications of using AI-based language interpretation in healthcare.
Methods: Based on the methodology used for conducting language performance testing routinely at the Interpreter Services Department of the [Hospital Name], clinical performance testing was completed using a paediatric emergency scenario (child with respiratory illness and fever) on five languages: Spanish, French, Urdu, Arabic, and Mandarin. The study focused on GT's translation accuracy and a legal and policy evaluation regarding AI-based interpretation in healthcare was conducted by legal scholars.
Results: GT demonstrated strong translation performance, with accuracy rates from 83.5% in Urdu to 95.4% in French. Challenges included dialect sensitivity and pronoun misinterpretations. Legal evaluation indicated inconsistent access to language interpretation services across healthcare jurisdictions and potential risks involving data privacy, consent, and malpractice when using AI-based translation tools.
Conclusions: Google Translate can effectively support communication in specific non-critical paediatric emergency scenarios. However, its use necessitates careful monitoring, understanding of its limitations, and attention to dialect and literal translation risks along with equity considerations. Establishing legal and policy frameworks for language interpretation in healthcare is crucial, alongside addressing funding and data security concerns, to optimize the use of AI-based translation tools in healthcare contexts.
Effect of Goal-Directed Perceptual-Motor Exercise on Children with Specific Learning Difficulties: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Punar Elif , Şevgin Ömer , Altunalan Turgay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
A comprehensive literature review has demonstrated that incorporating perceptual interventions into motor exercises is beneficial. Although there are several treatment strategies for SLD-diagnosed children, the potential role of goal-directed perceptual-motor exercises has not been studied. This study examined the effectiveness of goal-directed perceptual-motor training on attention, motor skills, and quality of life in children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD).
Methods
This was a randomized clinical study with 38 children diagnosed with SLD between September 2021 and April 2022. The control group (n = 19) received a standard intervention protocol and the intervention group (n = 19) additionally received a perceptual-motor training program. Burdon Attention Test, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test 2–Short Form (BOT2- SF), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDSQL) were used as outcome measures.
Results
The intervention significantly improved attention, fine and gross motor skills, and life quality as evidenced by the within- and between-group comparisons at the end of therapy.
Conclusions
Goal-directed perceptual-motor physical training with cognitive aspects may enhance academic performance, social participation, and life quality for children with SLD by improving basic motor skills. Therefore, the inclusion of physical and task-specific perceptual-motor exercises in educational programs may offer several avenues for cognitive skill development in SLD children.
Trial Registration:
The protocol is registered with http://clinicaltrials.gov/ (16/August/2023, Clinical Trial, NCT05998083).
The association between skin allergy testing and oral squamous cell carcinoma in oral lichen planus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sahni Vikram , Teames Charles , Seifert Rachel , Conley McGuire , deShazo Rosemary , Powell Douglas , Rhoads Jamie L. W. , Clarke Jennie T. , Hansen Christopher B. , Zone John J. , Hull Christopher M. , Hopkins Zachary H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

There is a reported association between oral contact allergy and oral lichen planus (OLP). Likewise oral squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC) is associated with OLP. However, risk factors for malignant transformation are unclear and it is not known if oral contact allergy impacts OLP disease severity or subsequent risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC). In this study, we aimed to assess the association between allergy testing positivity and oSCC in OLP. We also assessed oSCC prevalence in OLP, allergen prevalence in OLP, and associations between allergy testing and OLP phenotype. To do this, we performed a retrospective cohort evaluation investigating the association between allergy testing positivity, clinical and demographic factors, and the odds of oSCC. Patients were seen at the University of Utah from 2015–2022. The rates of oSCC and allergy testing (patch + scratch testing) results were summarized descriptively and associations between oSCC, disease phenotypes, and allergy testing results were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Patients were selected if they had a confirmed diagnosis of oral lichen planus as determined by a dermatologist or a dentist specializing in inflammatory oral disease. Allergy testing was performed by two specialized dermatologists. oSCC diagnosis was identified via chart review and were supported by histologic data. All data was collected via retrospective chart review. Among 587 OLP patients identified, 133 were allergy tested and 77.4% were positive. Of those with a positive allergy test, 10 (25.6%) developed oSCC compared with 2 (5.1%) of patients with a negative allergy test. There was insufficient evidence to support an association between allergy positivity and oSCC (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.76–3.15). Of the OLP disease characteristics tracked, only OLP involving the gingiva was associated with positive allergy testing (OR = 2.54,1.11–5.81). Likewise, a higher percent of symptomatic visits was the only clinical factor associated with oSCC (median 87.5% vs 66.7%, p = 0.03). These data suggest that allergy test positivity may not be associated with oSCC. However, it was associated with more pervasive symptomatology, suggesting a possible association with more severe or recalcitrant disease.
Time-series analysis of Leaf Area Index and Land Surface Temperature Association using Sentinel-2 and Landsat OLI data
Authors: Yasin Ali , Ali Abebe , Ahmed Nurhussen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Understanding the complex relationship between vegetation dynamics and Land Surface Temperature (LST) is crucial for comprehending ecosystem functioning, climate change impacts, and sustainable land management. Hence, this study conducts a time-series analysis of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and LST derived from Sentinel-2 and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. LAI data was generated using Sentinel-2 imagery processed with the SNAP toolbox, while Landsat OLI data was utilized for precise LST calculations. Mann-Kendall test was used to detect trends in the time series data.
Results: The trends of LAI were statistically significant at P-values of 0.05 and 0.1 for annual and seasonal trends, respectively. The mean LST trends were statistically insignificant throughout the study period except for the summer season at a P-value of 0.07. The correlation between LAI and LST was weak (R2 = 0.36) during crop-growing seasons, but moderate in winter (R2 = 0.46) and autumn (R2 = 0.41).
Conclusion: The findings of this research clarify the complex relationships between variations in surface temperature and vegetation growth patterns, providing insight into the environmental mechanisms driving the dynamics of localized ecosystems. The study underscores the implications of these findings for informed decision-making in sustainable land management, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation strategies.
The Clinicopathological Features and Survival Prediction of Gastrointestinal Leiomyosarcoma: A SEER Based Analysis
Authors: Bao Yanan , Yang Xudong , Zhao Quanming , Li Wenliang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
There is still lacking knowledge and awareness of patients with gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas (GILMS). This study aimed to clarify the disease features and prognosis of GILMS based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Methods
Clinicopathological, treatment, survival, and prognostic data of GILMS from 2000–2020 were retrieved. Appropriate statistical approaches were used to evaluate the demographic features and survival outcomes.
Results
A total of 479 GILMS cases conformed the screening criterion. The median age of patients was 64 (15–90) years. Only 7.9% of these cases were diagnosed with lymph node metastasis. 78.1% of patients were diagnosed at T2 or higher primary tumor extension. The 5-year cancer specific survival (CSS) of patients undergone surgery was 66.5%, and 5-CSS for patients without surgery was 0. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis based on both overall survival (OS) and CSS showed Female was significant independent protective factor. Significant independent risk factors included: age at 65–79 years, age ≥ 80, poor differentiation, T2 and higher T stage, distant metastasis, and without surgery. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy performed no influence on survival and prognosis.
Conclusion
GILMS was commonly diagnosed in old patients with low rate of nodal and distant metastasis. Whereas most GILMS was presented with large tumor size and high extent of tumor invasion. Complete excision was demonstrated to be the unique way to prolong survival outcomes. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can’t bring benefits on survival and prognosis highlighting the urgent need for exploration of effective systematic treatments.
A Data Science-based approach to Identify Social Determinants of Health Impacting Access to Pediatric Radiology
Authors: Gallo-Bernal Sebastian , Peña-Trujillo Valeria , Briggs Daniel , Machado-Rivas Fedel , Pianykh Oleg , Flores Efren J. , Gee Michael S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Research on healthcare disparities in pediatric radiology is limited, leading to the persistence of missed care opportunities (MCO).
Objective
Evaluate the social determinants of health and sociodemographic factors related to pediatric radiology MCO before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods
The study examined all outpatient pediatric radiology exams at a pediatric medical center and its affiliate centers from 03/08/19 to 06/07/21, to identify missed care opportunities. Logistic regression with LASSO and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis were used to explore factors and visualize relationships between social determinants and missed care opportunities.
Results
A total of 62,009 orders were analyzed, 30,567 pre-pandemic, 3,205 pandemic, and 28,237 post-pandemic. Median age was 11.34 (IQR: 5.24–15.02), with 50.8% females. MCO increased during the pandemic (33.5%) compared to pre-pandemic (17.1%) and post-pandemic (16.5%). Logistic regression revealed higher odds of MCO in the pre-pandemic period for orders involving fluoroscopy (OR:1.675), MRI (OR:1.991), nuclear medicine studies (OR:1.505), and ultrasound (OR:1.211), along with patients residing outside the state (OR:1.658) and across all age groups compared to adolescents. During the pandemic, increased distance from the examination site (OR:1.1), residing outside the state (OR:1.571), Hispanic (OR:1.492), lower household income ($25,000–50,000 [OR:3.660] and $50,000–75,000 [OR:1.866]), orders for infants (OR:1.43), and fluoroscopy (OR:2.303) had higher odds. In the post-pandemic period, factors such as living outside the state (OR:1.189), orders for children (OR:0.787), and being Hispanic (OR:1.148) correlate with higher odds of MCO.
Conclusion
Applying basic data science-based techniques is a helpful approach to understanding complex relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and disparities.
Construction and validation a Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival for patients with Ependymoma: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Authors: Liu Zhizheng , Chen Kang , Yan Shizhen , Chen Yun , Tong Zhigao , Yang Xuanyong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to Construct and validate a novel nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with ependymoma.
Methods
Clinical data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database spanning 2000 to 2018 were used for the analysis. Data were randomly categorized into development and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO regression were conducted to identify independent risk factors for CSS. Predictive models were evaluated using calibration plots, concordance index (C-index), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves were conducted.
Results
The final sample comprised 2,340 patients. Multivariate analysis identified race, age, histological type, surgery, and tumor site as independent predictors of CSS. A nomogram incorporating these risk factors was developed to predict CSS in patients with ependymomas. The calibration plot shows strong agreement between predicted and actual values. The C-index for the training cohort was 0.746 (95% CI: 0.715–0.777), and for the validation cohort, it was 0.743 (95% CI: 0.698–0.788). Additionally, both AUC and decision curve analysis analyses indicated robust performance and clinical significance benefits. Kaplan–Meier curves further demonstrated the nomogram’s strong ability to predict patient outcomes.
Conclusions
Our nomogram may be of great value in predicting the prognosis of patients with ependymoma. This predictive model will assist doctors and patients in devising effective clinical strategies.
Hyperuricemia and Elevated Uric Acid/Creatinine Ratio are Associated with a Higher Risk of Periodontitis: A Population- based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Yueqi , Lu Peipei , Lin Chuyin , Li Song , Zhu Yufan , Tan Jiaying , Zhou Yinghong , Yu Ting 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of developing periodontitis.
Materials and Methods
A representative dataset of 10,158 adults was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014. The relationship between hyperuricemia (the primary exposure) and the risk of periodontitis (outcome) were evaluated using weighted logistic regression models. Serum uric acid (UA) levels and the UA to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio were used as secondary exposures. Their associations with the risk of periodontitis were analyzed using weighted logistic regression or restricted cubic spline regression.
Results
The prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis was 56.7% among individuals with hyperuricemia and 44.8% among those without. After adjustment, individuals with hyperuricemia had a 26.9% higher risk of developing moderate/severe periodontitis compared to those without hyperuricemia (adjusted OR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.080 to 1.492, P = 0.006). This increased risk could be explained by a linear relationship with the serum UA/Cr ratio and a U-shaped relationship with serum UA levels. Each unit increase in the serum UA/Cr ratio was associated with a 4.6% higher risk of developing moderate/severe periodontitis (adjusted OR = 1.046, 95% CI = 1.008 to 1.086, P = 0.021). Additionally, each 1 mg/dL increase in serum UA was associated with a 10.2% higher risk (adjusted OR = 1.102, 95% CI = 1.008 to 1.206, P = 0.035) of developing moderate/severe periodontitis when UA levels were greater than 5.5 mg/dL, but a 10.6% lower risk when UA levels were 5.5 mg/dL or lower (adjusted OR = 0.894, 95% CI = 0.800 to 0.998, P = 0.046). Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the findings.
Conclusions
This study provides the first direct evidence that hyperuricemia is associated with an increased risk of developing periodontitis, especially the moderate and severe forms.
Clinical Relevance
Individuals with hyperuricemia may represent a subgroup of the population susceptible to periodontitis. It may be prudent to initiate timely systemic and periodontal interventions in patients with hyperuricemia to halt the progression of periodontitis.
Minho Suture Assessment Scale – Development and Validation of a scale using Item Response Theory
Authors: Gonçalves Nuno , Sousa Rita , Collares Carlos , Pereira Vítor , Pêgo José Miguel , Anderson M Brownell 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study introduces and validates the Minho Suture Assessment Scale (Minho-SAS), a detailed instrument designed to evaluate fundamental suturing competencies among medical students. Through the application of Item Response Theory (IRT) and a dichotomous yes/no response format, the scale aims to offer a comprehensive yet specific assessment framework for suturing abilities.
Methods:
The development process involved collaboration with multidisciplinary surgical teams and experienced practitioners to ensure content validity. Validation methods incorporated IRT techniques, employing the Rasch model and the 2-PL model, to assess reliability, construct validity, and measurement precision. Data from a cohort of medical students were utilized for rigorous psychometric evaluation.
Results:
The Minho-SAS demonstrated strong internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity across both Rasch and 2-PL models. Item analyses revealed a nuanced understanding of individual item performance, highlighting varying levels of difficulty and discrimination among the 15 assessment components. The scale's focus on fundamental suturing skills was evident in its detailed evaluation, contrasting with broader assessment tools.
Conclusion:
The Minho-SAS emerged as a promising instrument specifically tailored for assessing fundamental suturing skills among medical students. Its rigorous validation through IRT methodologies underscored its precision and reliability, distinguishing it as a valuable addition to existing evaluation scales. While demonstrating considerable promise, further exploration across diverse populations and educational settings is crucial to affirm its broader applicability and impact in medical education and clinical practice.
Rapid detection of Impatiens necrotic spot virus from thrips vectors using reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Zhang Shulu , Hladky Laura J. , Hasegawa Daniel K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The plant virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), is an economically important pathogen of vegetables, fruits, and ornamental crops. INSV is vectored by the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, a small insect pest that is globally distributed. In recent years, INSV outbreaks have reached epidemic levels in the Salinas Valley of California – an agriculturally rich region where most of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is produced in the United States. Due to the obligate nature in which virus transmission occurs, new tools that could rapidly detect INSV from thrips vectors would enhance our ability to predict where virus outbreaks may occur. Here, we report on the development of a reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay that can detect INSV from individual thrips. The assay uses crude extraction methods, is performed at a single temperature of 42 °C, can be completed in 25 minutes, and provides sensitivity levels that are comparable to other available detection methods. When the assay was used on field populations of thrips, INSV was successfully identified and quantified from individual larvae and adults. The work provides a new cost-effective surveillance tool that can rapidly detect INSV from its insect vector and from plants.
Soil greenhouse gases emission and nitrogen dynamics under maize straw incorporation and contrasting nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Wang zhengyu , Wang Xuelian , Shang Jiaxin , Ye Rongqi , Li Xiangyu , Yang Yadong , Zhang Hongyu , Gong Xiangwei , Jiang Ying , Qi Hua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and aims Straw incorporation was widely accepted in the world for conservation agriculture, whereas the effects on greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs) and nitrogen dynamics under soils formed by long-term contrasting nitrogen (N) fertilizer are still unclear.Methodology An incubation experiment was conducted with or without maize straw using soils collected from fields study after 6-year contrasting N fertilization of 0 (low N), 187 (medium N) and 337 kg N ha− 1 (high N).Results Straw amendment significantly stimulated both N2O and CO2 fluxes, and increased cumulative emission by 0.82 and 18.98 times than without straw incorporation on average, respectively. Medium N soil observably weakened N2O emission (23.76 µg kg− 1) than high N soil (162.71 µg kg− 1) and attenuated CO2 emission (1.85 g kg− 1) than Low N soil (2.30 g kg− 1) soils with straw amendment. Soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N dynamics kept the increasing trend with rising soil N, whereas straw accelerated the decrease of NH4+-N from 24.72–78.98%, and reversed the tendency of NO3−-N from enrichment (+ 75.19%) to scarcity (-58.83%) compared to straw removal due to higher soil N fixation capacity. Moreover, partial least squares path modeling and random forest mean predictor importance disentangled straw affected GHGs by altering nitrogen turnover capacity.Conclusion Straw amendment promoted GHGs and enhanced mineral N turnover and diminished the risk of losses. Combing straw with medium N soil could mitigate greenhouse effect and improvement N and C balance in farming system compared to the low and high N soils.
GNSS2TWS_Slepian: A software to recover daily GNSS-inverted terrestrial water storage changes based on Slepian basis functions
Authors: Jiang Zhongshan , Tang Miao , Wen Haiping , Yuan Linguo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) can deform the Earth’s solid surface in the form of geodetically measurable vertical motions. Here, a new open-source Matlab software, named GNSS2TWS_Slepian, is developed to achieve the recovery of daily TWS changes from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) crustal vertical positions. Differing from the widely-used spatial-domain inversion strategy based on Green's function method, our inversion modeling is implemented in the spectral domain based on Slepian basis functions, which aims to infer daily large-scale TWS changes using non-uniformly distributed GNSS vertical data. GNSS2TWS_Slepian is designed with different structured modules and the logic of the program workflow can be easily followed. To obtain daily estimates of TWS changes, the principal component analysis is integrated into our time-varying inversion model. To demonstrate the main functionalities, equivalent water height changes are investigated in the Western United States. This study aims to provide a scientific mathematical tool for resolving large-scale water mass loads, which is instrumental in broadening the applications of GNSS in hydrology.