bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal behavior change in the self-focusing of an intense laser beam in magnetized electron-ion-positron plasma
Authors: Javan N. Sepehri , Azad M. Hosseinpour 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSelf-focusing of an intense circularly-polarized laser beam in a hot electron-positron-ion magneto-plasma is studied. Using a relativistic fluid model, nonlinear equation describing laser-plasma interaction in the quasi-neutral approximation is derived. Expanding nonlinear current density in terms of normalized vector potential and saving only the parabolic terms, we investigated the self-focusing phenomenon for right- and left-hand circularly polarized laser beams. The evolution of laser beam spot size with Gaussian profile is considered. Effects of the external magnetic field, fraction of electron-positron pairs, and also the kind of polarization on the self-focusing property are studied. It is shown that a mixture of electron-positron pairs to the ion-electron plasma modifies the behavior of plasma with respect to the external magnetic field.
A Proposal for Improved Helium Microscopy
Authors: Martin Frederick W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractElimination of the electrostatic objective lens and alternative use of a Cc- and Cs-corrected quadrupole doublet may increase the useful working distance of the helium microscope, improve its resolution from 3 to 0.3 Å, and improve its optimum convergence angle from 0.4 to 4 mrad.
Ultra Q-bodies: quench-based antibody probes that utilize dye-dye interactions with enhanced antigen-dependent fluorescence
Authors: Abe Ryoji , Jeong Hee-Jin , Arakawa Dai , Dong Jinhua , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Kaigome Rena , Saiki Fujio , Yamane Kyosuke , Takagi Hiroaki , Ueda Hiroshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRecently, we described a novel reagentless fluorescent biosensor strategy named Quenchbody, which functions via the antigen-dependent removal of the quenching effect on a fluorophore that is attached to a single-chain antibody variable region. To explore the practical utility of Quenchbodies, we prepared antibody Fab fragments that were fluorolabeled at either one or two of the N-terminal regions, using a cell-free translation-mediated position-specific protein labeling system. Unexpectedly, the Fab fragment labeled at the heavy chain N-terminal region demonstrated a deeper quenching and antigen-dependent release compared to that observed using scFv. Moreover, when the Fab was fluorolabeled at the two N-termini with either the same dye or with two different dyes, an improved response due to enhanced quenching via dye-dye interactions was observed. On the basis of this approach, several targets, including peptides, proteins and haptens, as well as narcotics, were quantified with a higher response up to 50-fold. In addition, differentiation of osteosarcoma to osteoblasts was successfully imaged using a similarly fluorolabeled recombinant Fab protein prepared from E. coli. Due to its versatility, this “Ultra-Quenchbody” is expected to exhibit a range of applications from in vitro diagnostics to the live imaging of various targets in situ.
Enzyme-free Passage of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Controlling Divalent Cations
Authors: Ohnuma Kiyoshi , Fujiki Ayaka , Yanagihara Kana , Tachikawa Saoko , Hayashi Yohei , Ito Yuzuru , Onuma Yasuko , Chan Techuan , Michiue Tatsuo , Furue Miho K. , Asashima Makoto 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEnzymes used for passaging human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) digest cell surface proteins, resulting in cell damage. Moreover, cell dissociation using divalent cation-free solutions causes apoptosis. Here we report that Mg2+ and Ca2+ control cell-fibronectin and cell-cell binding of hPSCs, respectively, under feeder- and serum-free culture conditions without enzyme. The hPSCs were detached from fibronectin-, vitronectin- or laminin-coated dishes in low concentrations of Mg2+ and remained as large colonies in high concentrations of Ca2+. Using enzyme-free solutions containing Ca2+ without Mg2+, we successfully passaged hPSCs as large cell clumps that showed less damage than cells passaged using a divalent cation-free solution or dispase. Under the same conditions, the undifferentiated and early-differentiated cells could also be harvested as a cell sheet without being split off. Our enzyme-free passage of hPSCs under a serum- and feeder-free culture condition reduces cell damage and facilitates easier and safer cultures of hPSCs.
Mapping of Topological Quantum Circuits to Physical Hardware
Authors: Paler Alexandru , Devitt Simon J. , Nemoto Kae , Polian Ilia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTopological quantum computation is a promising technique to achieve large-scale, error-corrected computation. Quantum hardware is used to create a large, 3-dimensional lattice of entangled qubits while performing computation requires strategic measurement in accordance with a topological circuit specification. The specification is a geometric structure that defines encoded information and fault-tolerant operations. The compilation of a topological circuit is one important aspect of programming a quantum computer, another is the mapping of the topological circuit into the operations performed by the hardware. Each qubit has to be controlled and measurement results are needed to propagate encoded quantum information from input to output. In this work, we introduce an algorithm for mapping an topological circuit to the operations needed by the physical hardware. We determine the control commands for each qubit in the computer and the relevant measurements that are needed to track information as it moves through the circuit.
Are parents eating their greens? Fruit and vegetable consumption during a school intervention
Authors: Aschemann-Witzel Jessica , Bech-Larsen Tino , Grønhøj Alice 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to study the extent of change in parents' fruit and vegetable consumption during a period when their children participate in a school-based healthy eating intervention.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 256 12-year-old Danish schoolchildren took part in a text-message feedback intervention promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. One parent of each child filled out self-administered questionnaires at three points during the 40-week study period. In the questionnaire, stated consumption, perceived influence factors on their consumption and self-efficacy and self-regulation were measured.

Findings
– Only half of the parents stated that they met the “five a day” target. These parents reported good availability of fruit and vegetables in their household, high consumption among their friends and frequent exercise and they were characterised by high self-efficacy levels. Stated consumption increased during the period of the intervention targeted at their children. Parents that reported an increase had, at the start of the intervention, reported low levels of consumption, lack of encouragement to eat healthy at their workplace and lower autonomous self-regulation.

Research limitations/implications
– The consumption data is limited to self-report.

Practical implications
– The results indicate that parents can be influenced indirectly by school-based interventions targeted at their children. Future interventions should include the family with the intent to support positive interaction that might further promote and sustain healthy eating habits.

Originality/value
– The study considers the possible effects school interventions targeting children may have on the immediate family, an aspect generally overlooked in school-based health initiatives.
Impact of IFRS: evidence from Spanish listed companies
Authors: González Mariano , M. Nave Juan , Toscano David 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– In this paper, the authors aim to analyze the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards' (IFRS) mandatory adoption on the financial statements of Spanish listed companies.Design/methodology/approach– The authors estimate a panel data model by generalized least squares' within-between in order to contrast the possible structural breaks in the relations between income statement items and balance sheet items, using data from the 35 largest listed companies.Findings– The results show significant changes on these relations, but with different signs and degrees of intensity depending on the balance sheet item analyzed.Research limitations/implications– The data choice introduces a size bias that could be taken into account in the generalization of the results to other listed companies.Originality/value– This work is developed using a mandatory, local, accounting and panel data framework for first time using Spanish listed companies in order to measure the impact of the IFRS adoption.
Multiple classification schemes for signalling corporate collapse
Authors: Hossari Ghassan 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to undertake an analysis of two recent classification schemes in the literature for ratio-based modelling of corporate collapse; namely the dual-classification scheme (DCS) and the multi-classification scheme (MCS). Its contribution to the literature lies in investigating whether a trade-off exists between the structural efficiency and the practical adeptness of these two schemes.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodological approach for the DCS relies on a combination of multiple discriminant analysis and multi-level modelling, whereas that for the MCS utilizes multi-classification constrained-covariance regression analysis.

Findings
– Based on a unified data set of 112 collapsed companies and 341 non-collapsed companies utilised across both the DCS and the MCS, the results indicate that whilst both classification schemes are comparable in their predictive accuracy with respect to signalling collapse, they exhibit a trade-off between their structural efficiency and their practical adeptness.

Originality/value
– Whilst novel classification schemes such as the DCS and the MCS have been successful in addressing the inherent problem of identifying unclassifiable companies in the literature for ratio-based modelling of corporate collapse, thus far no attempt has been made to investigate the trade-off between their structural efficiency and their practical adeptness. Moreover, by utilising a unified data set, the robustness of this investigation is enhanced. Accordingly, this paper provides economic insight into more stable financial modelling.
When diversity helps performance
Authors: Ayub Nailah , Jehn Karen 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to explore whether national diversity in the form of national variety (differences in kind, e.g. number of nationalities) has a positive effect on group processes and performance whereas national separation (differences in attitudes and beliefs; i.e. social distance and national stereotypes) has a negative effect.Design/methodology/approach– This cross-cultural comparative study examines the moderating role of national diversity in the relationship between social attitudes on conflict and performance across two samples. Participants are presented with one of the two national variety conditions (low or high national variety) who then report on social distance, national stereotype, conflict, and performance.Findings– National separation negatively relates to performance and positively relates to conflict. However, there is less conflict and higher performance, despite national separation, when there is high national variety.Research limitations/implications– This study is limited to individual perceptions. Research could be extended to experienced conflict and effects of individual national separation on conflict and performance at the group level.Practical implications– Although social distances and negative stereotypes may not be completely eliminated, the results imply that managers can modify the effects by promoting and celebrating national variety. The results show that even conflict is modified (task conflict increases while relationship and process conflict decreases) when there is national variety despite social distances and negative stereotypes.Originality/value– This study contributes to workgroup research on diversity and conflict management by exploring social attitudes and opinions. Individual attitudes are the bases of group processes and this study attends to two of the social attitudes that need to be added to our understanding of group processes.
Performance metrics analysis for aircraft maintenance process control
Authors: M. Taaffe Kevin , William Allen Robert , Grigg Lindsey 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Performance measurements or metrics are that which measure a company's performance and behavior, and are used to help an organization achieve and maintain success. Without the use of performance metrics, it is difficult to know whether or not the firm is meeting requirements or making desired improvements. During the course of this study with Lockheed Martin, the research team was tasked with determining the effectiveness of the site's existing performance metrics that are used to help an organization achieve and maintain success. Without the use of performance metrics, it is difficult to know whether or not the firm is meeting requirements or making desired improvements. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Research indicates that there are five key elements that influence the success of a performance metric. A standardized method of determining whether or not a metric has the right mix of these elements was created in the form of a metrics scorecard.

Findings
– The scorecard survey was successful in revealing good metric use, as well as problematic metrics. In the quality department, the Document Rejects metric has been reworked and is no longer within the executive's metric deck. It was also recommended to add root cause analysis, and to quantify and track the cost of non-conformance and the overall cost of quality. In total, the number of site wide metrics has decreased from 75 to 50 metrics. The 50 remaining metrics are undergoing a continuous improvement process in conjunction with the use of the metric scorecard tool developed in this research.

Research limitations/implications
– The metrics scorecard should be used site-wide for an assessment of all metrics. The focus of this paper is on the metrics within the quality department.

Practical implications
– Putting a quick and efficient metrics assessment technique in place was critical. With the leadership and participation of Lockheed Martin, this goal was accomplished.

Originality/value
– This paper presents the process of metrics evaluation and the issues that were encountered during the process, including insights that would not have been easily documented without this mechanism. Lockheed Martin Company has used results from this research. Other industries could also apply the methods proposed here.
An empirical study on the relationships between maintenance policies and approaches among Italian companies
Authors: Bottani Eleonora , Ferretti Gino , Montanari Roberto , Vignali Giuseppe 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose an empirical investigation targeting companies operating in Northern Italy and focusing on some main topics of maintenance.Design/methodology/approach– Through a combined application of factor analysis and cluster analysis, the paper first identified the main approaches implemented by Italian companies with the purpose of preventing failures and reducing their consequences. Then, the paper grouped companies on the basis of such approaches, and derived the profile of each cluster, in terms of both the company's characteristics and some key maintenance elements, including the maintenance policy or the use of advanced techniques to make maintenance interventions more effective.Findings– Results of this study suggest that the approach to maintenance management could be related to the implementation of specific maintenance policies, as well as to other topics, such as the company characteristics, the use of advanced techniques for enhancing maintenance effectiveness and the criteria used for selecting the maintenance policy.Research limitations/implications– The sample of companies investigated in this study is quite limited, and prevented the possibility of providing statistical evidence of all outcomes.Practical implications– The outcomes of this study can be useful for practitioners to understand the positioning of companies towards the implementation of maintenance policies, as a function of their approach to maintenance management.Originality/value– This study complements previous empirical works on maintenance by exploring the relationships between maintenance management, maintenance policies, the application of different tools and techniques for maintenance management, and the criteria adopted for the maintenance policy selection.
Kinetic and diffusion studies of a dye extracted from Sesbania aculeata plant
Authors: Swami C. , Saini S. , Gupta V.B. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy and kinetics along with diffusion properties of a new source of natural dye obtained from leaves and fine stems of the Sesbania aculeata plant, using metallic mordants for cotton dyeing.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach followed in this work is to conduct experiments with the application of the natural dye obtained from Sesbania aculeata plant and to study the kinetics, dye uptake and the diffusion properties of this dye.

Findings
– Sesbania aculeata with simultaneous mordanting with different metal mordants imparted shades which varied from cream to light brown to dark brown in case of aqueous extract. The different mordants used not only changed the hue colour and K/S values but also L* and brightness index values. The results of fastness properties of the dyes were found to vary from fair to good. The percentage dye exhaustion values varied with different mordants. The dye uptake value increased with time and reached its saturation limit after 4 hours of dyeing. In the absence of mordants, the diffusion coefficient values increased with increase in the temperature. In the presence of mordants, the diffusion process appears to slow down, which could be attributed to the binding effects of mordants.

Research limitations/implications
– The extraction and dyeing process of Sesbania aculeata plant is less tedious and time consuming compared to the other sources of natural dyes.

Practical implications
– Sesbania aculeata is relatively easier to grow and does not require much tending operations. Thus, it promises to be an affordable source of natural dye. If this dye is commercialised, it will help to generate sustainable employment and income for the farmers in rural and sub-urban areas. This could be both for dyeing and for non-food crop farming.

Originality/value
– An advantageous feature of this plant, in contrast to the other natural dyes based on vegetable and fruit sources, is that its usage in making the natural dye does not result in any wastage of an otherwise highly commercial product. The current experimental study on a new source of natural dye would be a significant contribution to the existing database of knowledge regarding the kinetics and diffusion properties of natural dyes. There are several reported studies in the literature pertaining to the application of natural colourants and evaluation of their dyeing properties on various fibers. However, relatively fewer studies exist on the kinetic and exhaustion aspects. Thus, the current study would help to develop a set of predictable settings for application of natural dyes on various textiles.
Structure and dyeing properties of jade fibre
Authors: Cui Shuling 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Based on clarifying the structural difference between jade fibre and general polyester fibre, this paper aims to study the dyeing properties and dyeing adsorption mechanism of jade fibre with disperse dye and cationic dye.

Design/methodology/approach
– The chemical structure and microstructure of jade fibre were briefly explained comparing with ordinary polyester fibre. The dyeing rate curve and dyeing adsorption isotherm of disperse dyes and cationic dyes on jade fibre were, respectively, studied. The dyeing uptake, dyeing absorption mechanism, and the main dyeing process parameters were proposed.

Findings
– Jade fibre can be dyed with cationic dye and disperse dye. The suitable exhaust dyeing process is 110°C and 40 minutes for disperse dye, 100°C and 60 minutes for cationic dye. The dyeing uptake on jade fibre with both disperse dyes or cationic dyes is much higher than that on general polyester fibre and acrylic fibre, and the dyeing adsorption mechanism belongs to the combination of Langmuir and Nernst adsorption for disperse dyes and Langmuir adsorption for cationic dyes. Comparing with ordinary polyester fibre, jade fibre has the advantage of low temperature dyeing and reduced effluent, as is significant to energy-saving and emission reduction.

Originality/value
– Jade fibre is a new type of modified polyester fibre with the function of health protection and energy conservation. There are little technical data in the literature at present about the dyeing property of jade fibre.
Team brand extension or licensed product? Examining consumer awareness of two distinct brand strategies
Authors: Walsh Patrick , Rhenwrick Isabell , Williams Antonio , Waldburger Adia 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– While brand extensions and licensing are two distinct brand strategies, recent literature suggests that licensing be treated as an “external” brand extension. As both of these strategies have the ability to have positive and negative effects on the team's brand it is important to understand if consumers are aware if they are purchasing licensed products or extensions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine if consumers are aware when a brand extension or licensing situation is present.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research involved exposing participants to a total of 16 products (eight brand extensions and eight licensed products) and asking participants to indicate who developed the products they were exposed to.

Findings
– The results suggest that participants had a difficult time correctly identifying team licensed products, while in general they were able to successfully identify team brand extensions.

Research limitations/implications
– This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that licensed product should not be classified as brand extensions as has been previously suggested. As such, research on brand extensions may not be applicable to licensing and vice versa.

Practical implications
– As there is some confusion in regards to who is manufacturing team licensed product, it is important that sport properties choose licensees that produce high quality products to limit potential negative effects on their brand.

Originality/value
– This was the first known study to examine differences in consumer awareness of team brand extensions and licensed products.