bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of alternative biomarkers for acute aortic syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Wren Joshua , Goodacre Steve , Pandor Abdullah , Essat Munira , Clowes Mark , Cooper Graham , Hinchliffe Robert , Reed Matthew J , Thomas Steven , Wilson Sarah 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundD-dimer is the only biomarker currently recommended in guidelines for the diagnosis of acute aortic syndrome (AAS). We undertook a systematic review to determine whether any alternative biomarkers could be useful in AAS diagnosis.MethodsWe searched electronic databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) from inception to February 2024. Diagnostic studies were eligible if they examined biomarkers other than D-dimer for diagnosing AAS compared with a reference standard test in people presenting to the ED with symptoms of AAS. Case-control studies were identified but excluded due to high risk of bias. Selection of studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessments using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool were undertaken independently by at least two reviewers. We used narrative synthesis to summarise the findings.ResultsWe identified 2017 citations, included 13 cohort studies (n=76–999), and excluded 38 case-control studies. Methodological quality was variable, with most included studies having unclear or high risk of bias and applicability concerns in at least one item of the QUADAS‐2 tool. Only two studies reported biomarkers with sensitivity and specificity comparable to D-dimer (ie, >90% and >50%, respectively). Wanget alreported 99.1% sensitivity and 84.9% specificity for soluble ST2; however, these findings conflicted with estimates of 58% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity reported in another study. Chun and Siu reported 95.6% sensitivity and 56.1% specificity for neutrophil count, but this has not been confirmed elsewhere.ConclusionThere are many potential alternative biomarkers for AAS but few have been evaluated in more than one study, study designs are often weak and reported biomarker accuracy is modest or inconsistent between studies. Alternative biomarkers to D-dimer are not ready for routine clinical use.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022252121.
Beyond air pollution: a national assessment of cooking-related burns in Ghana
Authors: Daouda Misbath , Seyram Kaali , Amankwah Georgette Owusu , Seidu Iddrisu , Kar Abhishek , Abubakari Sulemana , Malagutti Flavio , Awuni Sule , Razak Abdul , Apraku Edward , Peprah Peter , Lee Alison G , Mehta Sumi , Jack Darby , Asante Kwaku Poku 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHousehold energy transitions have the potential to reduce the burden of several health outcomes but have narrowly focused on those mediated by reduced exposure to air pollution, despite concerns about the burden of injury outcomes. Here, we aimed to describe the country-level incidence of severe cooking-related burns in Ghana and identify household-level risk factors for adults and children.MethodsWe conducted a national household energy use survey including 7389 households across 370 enumeration areas in Ghana in 2020. In each household, a pretested version of the Clean Cooking Alliance Burns Surveillance Module was administered to the primary cook. We computed incidence rates of severe cooking-related burns and conducted bivariate logistic regression to identify potential risk factors.ResultsWe documented 129 severe cooking-related burns that had occurred in the previous year. The incidence rate (95% CI) of cooking-related burns among working-age females was 17 (13 to 21) per 1000 person-years or 8.5 times higher than that of working-age males. Among adults, the odds of experiencing a cooking-related burn were 2.29 (95% CI 1.02 to 5.14) and 2.40 (95% CI 1.04 to 5.55) times higher among primary wood and charcoal users respectively compared with primary liquified petroleum gas users. No child burns were documented in households where liquified petroleum gas was primarily used.ConclusionUsing a nationally representative sample, we found that solid fuel use doubled the odds of cooking-related burns compared with liquified petroleum gas. Ghana’s efforts to expand access to liquified petroleum gas should focus on safe use.
Targeting tumor-associated macrophage-derived CD74 improves efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with PD-1 blockade for cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Zixiang , Wang Bingyu , Feng Yuan , Ye Jinwen , Mao Zhonghao , Zhang Teng , Xu Meining , Zhang Wenjing , Jiao Xinlin , Zhang Qing , Zhang Youzhong , Cui Baoxia 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCervical cancer has the second-highest mortality rate among malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade are promising therapeutic agents, but their efficacy when combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has not been fully tested, and how they alter the tumor microenvironment has not been comprehensively elucidated.MethodsIn this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing using 46,950 cells from nine human cervical cancer tissues representing sequential different stages of NACT and PD-1 blockade combination therapy. We delineated the trajectory of cervical epithelial cells and identified the crucial factors involved in combination therapy. Cell–cell communication analysis was performed between tumor and immune cells. In addition, THP-1-derived and primary monocyte-derived macrophages were cocultured with cervical cancer cells and phagocytosis was detected by flow cytometry. The antitumor activity of blocking CD74 was validated in vivo using a CD74 humanized subcutaneous tumor model.ResultsPathway enrichment analysis indicated that NACT activated cytokine and complement-related immune responses. Cell–cell communication analysis revealed that after NACT therapy, interaction strength between T cells and cancer cells decreased, but intensified between macrophages and cancer cells. We verified that macrophages were necessary for the PD-1 blockade to exert antitumor effects in vitro. Additionally, CD74-positive macrophages frequently interacted with the most immunoreactive epithelial subgroup 3 (Epi3) cancer subgroup during combination NACT. We found that CD74 upregulation limited phagocytosis and stimulated M2 polarization, whereas CD74 blockade enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, decreasing cervical cancer cell viability in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsOur study reveals the dynamic cell–cell interaction network in the cervical cancer microenvironment influenced by combining NACT and PD-1 blockade. Furthermore, blocking tumor-associated macrophage-derived CD74 could augment neoadjuvant therapeutic efficacy.
Acute ischemic stroke with or without asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular treatment: a propensity-score matching study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Shen Fang , Rui Luo , Hanchen Liu , Shen Hongjian , Hongye Xu , Manyue Ge , Hua Weilong , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yongxin , Xing Pengfei , Li Zifu , Liu Jianmin , Yang Pengfei 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe long-term follow-up of asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aICH) in patients with acute ischemic stroke after endovascular treatment (EVT) remains controversial.ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential effect of aICH in a real-world practice setting using a matched prospective database.MethodsThis observational cohort study enrolled patients between January 2015 and December 2022 in a prospective database. Eligible patients with occlusions in the anterior circulation were given endovascular treatment and achieved successful reperfusion. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2). Propensity score (PS)-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were adjusted and were repeated in subsequent 1:1 PS-matched cohorts.Results732 patients, 516 without any ICH and 216 with aICH, were included. 418 and 348 patients were identified after matching in the aICH substudy and hemorrhagic infarction type aICH substudy, respectively. In the postmatched population, patients with aICH had worse functional outcomes (mRS score 0–2) at 90 days than patients without any ICH (37.8% vs 55.5%: P<0.001). Worse functional outcomes were seen in patients with aICH who were older (OR=5.59 (95% CI 2.91 to 10.74)), had higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR=6.80 (95% CI 3.72 to 12.43)), lower baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (OR=2.08 (95% CI 1.23 to 3.51)), and who received general anesthesia (OR=3.37 (95% CI 1.92 to 5.90)).ConclusionsThis matched-control study largely confirmed that asymptomatic ICH after EVT is associated with worse functional outcomes, and the harmful effect is more significant in older patients and those with severe baseline clinical and radiological features.
Added value of FDG-PET for detection of progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Buchert Ralph , Huppertz Hans-Jürgen , Wegner Florian , Berding Georg , Brendel Matthias , Apostolova Ivayla , Buhmann Carsten , Poetter-Nerger Monika , Dierks Alexander , Katzdobler Sabrina , Klietz Martin , Levin Johannes , Mahmoudi Nima , Rinscheid Andreas , Quattrone Andrea , Rogozinski Sophia , Rumpf Jost-Julian , Schneider Christine , Stoecklein Sophia , Spetsieris Phoebe G , Eidelberg David , Sabri Osama , Barthel Henryk , Wattjes Mike P , Höglinger Günter 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundDiagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) include midbrain atrophy in MRI and hypometabolism in [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) as supportive features. Due to limited data regarding their relative and sequential value, there is no recommendation for an algorithm to combine both modalities to increase diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluated the added value of sequential imaging using state-of-the-art methods to analyse the images regarding PSP features.MethodsThe retrospective study included 41 PSP patients, 21 with Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS), 20 with variant PSP phenotypes (vPSP) and 46 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. A pretrained support vector machine (SVM) for the classification of atrophy profiles from automatic MRI volumetry was used to analyse T1w-MRI (output: MRI-SVM-PSP score). Covariance pattern analysis was applied to compute the expression of a predefined PSP-related pattern in FDG-PET (output: PET-PSPRP expression score).ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the detection of PSP did not differ between MRI-SVM-PSP and PET-PSPRP expression score (p≥0.63): about 0.90, 0.95 and 0.85 for detection of all PSP, PSP-RS and vPSP. The MRI-SVM-PSP score achieved about 13% higher specificity and about 15% lower sensitivity than the PET-PSPRP expression score. Decision tree models selected the MRI-SVM-PSP score for the first branching and the PET-PSPRP expression score for a second split of the subgroup with normal MRI-SVM-PSP score, both in the whole sample and when restricted to PSP-RS or vPSP.ConclusionsFDG-PET provides added value for PSP-suspected patients with normal/inconclusive T1w-MRI, regardless of PSP phenotype and the methods to analyse the images for PSP-typical features.
EFFECTS OF SPINAL MOBILIZATION WITH LEG MOVEMENT VERSUS SPINAL EXTENSION-ORIENTED MOBILIZATION ON PAIN, AND DISABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR RADICULOPATHY
Authors: Halidadjiyah  , Sakulsriprasert Prasert , Chansirinukor Wunpen 
Published: August 2024

Background: Either spinal mobilization with leg movement (SMWLM) or spinal extension-oriented mobilization (SEOM) has been proven to be effective for patients with lumbar radiculopathy (LR). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of SMWLM versus SEOM on pain, disability, straight leg raise (SLR), and 5-m walk test in patients with LR. Methods: Of the 58 patients screened for eligibility, 32 patients diagnosed with LR were randomly assigned to either intervention group, SWWLM versus SEOM, and 4 sessions were taken in 2 weeks by blinded physical therapists. Pain at rest and worst by visual analog scale (VAS), straight leg raise (SLR), 5-m walk test (5MWT), and disability by Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) were assessed by a blinded assessor at baseline and after each treatment session. Results: The patients in both groups showed significant improvement in VAS at rest, VAS at worst, SLR, 5MWT, and MODI ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between SMWLM and SEOM groups. Conclusion: The result demonstrated that both SMWLM and SEOM were effective in treating patients with LR regarding pain at rest and worst, SLR, 5MWT, and MODI.
New Algorithms and Methodologies for Building Information Retrieval Collections
Authors: Otero David 
Published: August 2024

Information retrieval systems play a crucial role in addressing users' information needs by aiding their exploration of vast collections of information. This thesis is framed in a critical information retrieval research aspect: evaluation. In particular, we propose new approaches for creating annotated test collections. Such collections are essential for evaluating retrieval systems' effectiveness in controlled experiments. Reflecting real-world conditions accurately in these test collections is pivotal for progress in the field.
We aim to introduce innovative techniques for efficiently assembling reliable test collections, facilitating broader research and development in information retrieval. The thesis first proposes a new method for building new pooled test collections without requiring costly evaluation campaigns [Otero et al., 2021b]. This approach simplifies and economizes the process of building new benchmarks. Then, we introduce a novel adjudication method for determining which pooled documents warrant human judgment, aiming to reduce the need for extensive expert assessments [Otero et al., 2023a]. This method is both cost-effective and efficient. Additionally, the thesis presents a fresh perspective on evaluating adjudication methods, emphasizing statistical significance, an aspect often overlooked in previous document adjudication research [Otero et al., 2023b]. As a demonstration of the methods explored in this thesis, we applied them to develop a new test collection whose construction process we describe here as an example of the use of reduced-budget methods [Otero et al., 2021a, 2020].
In summary, this thesis integrates established information retrieval knowledge with new methodologies to create annotated collections that are both cost-effective and reliable. This fusion is crucial for advancing the development of more effective retrieval systems.

Awarded by
: Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain on 5 April 2024.

Supervised by
: Javier Parapar, Álvaro Barreiro.

Available at
: http://hdl.handle.net/2183/36378.
Hyperadrenergic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Clinical Biomarkers and Response to Guanfacine
Authors: Okamoto L.E. , Urechie V. , Rigo S. , Abner J.J. , Giesecke M. , Muldowney J.A.S. , Furlan R. , Shibao C.A. , Shirey-Rice J.K. , Pulley J.M. , Diedrich A. , Biaggioni Italo 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
A subset of patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) are thought to have a primary hyperadrenergic cause. We assessed clinical biomarkers to identify those that would benefit from sympatholytic therapy.

METHODS:
We measured sympathetic function (supine muscle sympathetic nerve activity, upright plasma norepinephrine, and blood pressure responses to the Valsalva maneuver) in 28 patients with POTS (phenotyping cohort) to identify clinical biomarkers that are associated with responsiveness to the central sympatholytic guanfacine in a separate uncontrolled treatment cohort of 38 patients that had received guanfacine clinically for suspected hyperadrenergic POTS (HyperPOTS).

RESULTS:

In the phenotyping cohort, an increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >17 mm Hg during late phase 2 of the Valsalva maneuver identified patients with the highest quartile of resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (HyperPOTS) with 71% sensitivity and 85% specificity. In the treatment cohort, patients with HyperPOTS, identified by this clinical biomarker, more often reported clinical improvement (85% versus 44% in nonhyperadrenergic;
P
=0.016), had better orthostatic tolerance (∆Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activities Scale: −1.9±0.9 versus 0.1±0.5;
P
=0.032), and reported less chronic fatigue (∆PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 7a: −12.9±2.7 versus −2.2±2.2;
P
=0.005) in response to guanfacine.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results are consistent with the concept that POTS is caused by a central sympathetic activation in a subset of patients, which can be identified clinically by an exaggerated DBP increase during phase 2 of the Valsalva maneuver and improved by central sympatholytic therapy. These results support further clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of guanfacine in patients with POTS enriched for the presence of this clinical biomarker.
Association of Race and Ethnicity and Social Factors With Postpartum Primary Care or Cardiology Follow‐Up Visits Among Individuals With Preeclampsia
Authors: Countouris Malamo E. , Shapero Kayle S. , Swabe Gretchen , Hauspurg Alisse , Davis Esa M. , Magnani Jared W. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Preeclampsia is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and death. Primary care or cardiology follow‐up, in complement to routine postpartum obstetric care, provides an essential opportunity to address cardiovascular risk. Prior studies investigating racial differences in the recommended postpartum follow‐up have incompletely assessed the influence of social factors. We hypothesized that racial and ethnic differences in follow‐up with a primary care provider or cardiologist would be modified by income and education.

Methods and Results

We identified adult individuals with preeclampsia (September 2014 to September 2019) in a national administrative database. We compared occurrence of a postpartum visit with a primary care provider or cardiologist within 1 year after delivery by race and ethnicity using multivariable logistic regression models. We examined whether education or income modified the association between race and ethnicity and the likelihood of follow‐up. Of 18 050 individuals with preeclampsia (aged 31.8±5.7 years), Black individuals (11.7%) had lower odds of primary care provider or cardiology follow‐up within 1 year after delivery compared with White individuals (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70–0.85]) as did Hispanic individuals (14.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.73–0.87]). Black and Hispanic individuals with higher educational attainment were more likely to have follow‐up than those with lower educational attainment (
P
for interaction=0.033) as did those in higher income brackets (
P
for interaction=0.006).

Conclusions
We identified racial and ethnic differences in primary care or cardiology follow‐up in the year postpartum among individuals diagnosed with preeclampsia, a disparity that may be modified by social factors. Enhanced system‐level interventions are needed to reduce barriers to follow‐up care.
Iron Accumulation and Metabolic Alterations in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Pacheco Gardenia , Gomes Joao A. , Cho Kevin , Morris Daniel L. , Segal Maddison I. , Adkins‐Travis Kayla R. , Stancliffe Ethan , Patti Gary J. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Shriver Leah P. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe type of stroke that is associated with poor outcome. A subset of patients with aSAH will develop secondary complications, most notably delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), which potentiates neurological injury. In this study, we investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iron accumulation, brain metabolism, and neuronal injury in patients with aSAH with or without DCI.

Methods
We collected longitudinal CSF samples of patients immediately after hospitalization and 5 to 8 days after onset of ictus. CSF was analyzed with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and metabolomics to determine the presence of redox‐active iron species and metabolic alterations associated with aSAH and DCI. Neuronal pathology induced by iron overload was characterized in neuronal and meningeal cell models.

Results
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy identified higher levels of an Fe(III) protoporphyrin IX (hemin)‐like molecule in the CSF of patients who developed DCI compared with patients who did not show secondary ischemic injury after aSAH or controls without neurological disease. Treatment of a human neuronal cell line with Fe(III)‐containing hemin resulted in the disruption of the axonal mitochondrial network and loss of viability. This was cell‐type dependent as a meningeal cell line was resistant to hemin treatment, despite both cell types upregulating the iron ferroxidase ceruloplasmin. Metabolomic profiling of the same CSF samples uncovered significant dysregulation of metabolic pathways associated with energy generation and amino acid utilization, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Using machine learning, we identified a set of metabolites that predicted intensive care unit length of stay.

Conclusion
aSAH leads to the accumulation of an Fe(III)‐containing heme species in the CSF of a subset of patients who subsequently develop DCI. The accumulation of an Fe(III) protoporphyrin induces axonal mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell death. aSAH alters the CSF metabolome involved in mitochondrial function and a subset of these metabolites are predictive of intensive care unit stay. These results identify potential biomarkers for mitochondrial pathology and provide insight into alterations in brain iron metabolism triggered by aSAH.
A survey of nocturnality and risk for savanna chimpanzees at Assirik, Senegal
Authors: Lindshield Stacy , Ndiaye Papa Ibnou , Walters Addie , Bogart Stephanie L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Senegal may use nocturnality to mitigate hyperthermia risk in semi-arid environments but the degree of nocturnality for such chimpanzees also in sympatry with large carnivores remains uncertain. We compared diel activity among chimpanzees and their potential predators at Assirik in Niokolo-Koba National Park and contextualized these findings relative to other unit-groups in savanna landscapes. From 2015-2018, we generated a predator inventory using multi-modal methods and monitored the diel activity of chimpanzees and predators with camera traps [ camera trap (CT) days]. From 2015-2023, we also surveyed for evidence of predation during recce walks. Six potential nonhuman predators occur at Assirik, including lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus), and rock pythons (Python sebae). We documented one suspected case of a predator killing a chimpanzee. Nocturnality comprised 12.7% of CT events for chimpanzees and these events were more concentrated at twilight. Chimpanzees were more active during the day, predators were more active at night, and there was substantial temporal overlap among chimpanzees and potential predators during twilight intervals. Our findings support the hypothesis that savanna chimpanzees in Senegal are active at night in response to the extremely hot environment. We hypothesize that Assirik chimpanzees experience a tension between decreasing hyperthermia and increasing predation risk during nocturnality.