bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Functional and Morphological Changes in Guinea Pig Cochlea following Intratympanic Application of Burow's Solution
Authors: Suzuki Mitsuya , Iwamura Hitoshi , Kashio Akinori , Sakamoto Takashi , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Burow's solution, comprising aluminum sulfate and acetic acid, is an otic drug formulation applied to the tympanic cavity. We characterized the relationship between the auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds and the area of the capillary basement membrane anionic sites in the stria vascularis after the application of Burow's solution. Methods: We used cationic polyethylenimine (PEI) to observe changes in the capillary basement membrane anionic sites in the stria vascularis. Burow's solution was dropped directly onto the round window membrane and retained for 2 hours. The ABRs were recorded at 4, 8, and 20 kHz immediately before surgery and before decapitation. The cochlea was extirpated immediately or 2 days after the surgery and immersed in cationic PEI solution. The PEI distribution associated with the capillary basement membrane anionic sites was measured in the basal and third turns. Results: The ABR threshold shifts at 4, 8, and 20 kHz were significantly increased immediately after the surgery, whereas those at 4 and 8 kHz, but not at 20 kHz, had recovered 2 days after the surgery. Further, the PEI distribution was significantly decreased immediately after the surgery and had recovered 2 days after the surgery. Conclusions: Although Burow's solution may cause an acetic low pH in the stria vascularis and a temporary ABR threshold shift at 4 and 8 kHz, the permanent ABR threshold shift at 20 kHz cannot be attributed to the acetic low pH.
Garlic-Supplemented Diet Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Ototoxicity: An Experimental Study
Authors: Uzun Lokman , Balbaloglu Evrim , Akinci Harun 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Gentamicin sulfate is a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic associated with serious side effects, including ototoxicity. Garlic, with its intrinsic antioxidant activity, may prove beneficial in prevention of ototoxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of a 4% garlic–supplemented diet on the ototoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats by using brain stem evoked response audiometry. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats with an intact Preyer's reflex and an initial weight of 220 to 260 g were randomly assigned to a group with gentamicin injection and garlic supplementation, a group with gentamicin injection without garlic supplementation, or a control group (6 rats each group). Gentamicin was given by intraperitoneal injection at 120 mg/kg body weight once daily for 16 days. The garlic-supplemented diet was prepared by adding pulverized whole garlic cloves to standard chow in a 4% proportion. After 21 days, hearing thresholds were evaluated by use of brain stem evoked response audiometry at 10 kHz. Results: The mean (±SD) amplitudes of the auditory thresholds (sensation level) measured by use of brain stem evoked response audiometry for the group with garlic supplementation, the group without garlic, and the control group were 43.3 ± 8.16, 78.0 ± 4.47, and 16.7 ± 5.16 dB sensation level, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A garlic-supplemented diet seems to attenuate aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.
Effects of Early Identification and Intervention on Language Development in Japanese Children with Prelingual Severe to Profound Hearing Impairment
Authors: Kasai Norio , Fukushima Kunihiro , Omori Kana , Sugaya Akiko , Ojima Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Early identification and intervention for prelingual bilateral severe to profound hearing loss is supposed to reduce the delay in language development. Many countries have implemented early detection and hearing intervention and conducted regional universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). However, the benefits of UNHS in later childhood have not yet been confirmed, although language development at school age has a lifelong impact on children's future. Our Research on Sensory and Communicative Disorders project attempted to reveal the effects of UNHS and those of early intervention on the development of verbal communication in Japanese children. Methods: In this study, 319 children with prelingual bilateral severe to profound hearing loss, 4 to 10 years of age, were evaluated with the Test of Question-Answer Interaction Development used as an objective variable. Participation in UNHS and early intervention were used as explanatory variables. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated after adjusting several confounding factors with use of logistic regression analysis. In addition, caregivers' answers were obtained by a questionnaire, and the process of diagnosis with and without UNHS was analyzed retrospectively. Results: Early intervention was significantly associated with better language development (AOR, 3.23; p < 0.01). Participation in UNHS may contribute to better language development to some extent (AOR, 1.32), but not one that was statistically significant (p = 0.37). However, UNHS was significantly associated with early intervention (AOR, 20.21; p < 0.001). The questionnaire results indicated a lag in treatment after UNHS in more than 40% of screened cases. Conclusions: Early intervention strongly influenced language development. It is necessary to ensure that early identification leads directly to early intervention.
Language Ability in the Intermediate-Scoring Group of Hearing-Impaired Children
Authors: Sugaya Akiko , Fukushima Kunihiro , Kasai Norio , Fujiyoshi Akie , Taguchi Tomoko , Omori Kana , Ojima Toshiyuki , Nishizaki Kazunori 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Language development is a key issue in hearing-impaired children. However, interpersonal differences complicate our understanding of the situation. The bimodal or trimodal distribution of language scores in our other reports in this publication imply the presence of fundamental differences among these groups. The characteristic aspects of each group were profiled according to language data. Methods: We divided 268 children with prelingual severe to profound hearing impairment into 3 groups according to their trimodal distribution observed on histogram-based analysis of their responses to the Test of Question-Answer Interaction Development. Test results in several language domains, including productive and comprehensive vocabulary, productive and comprehensive syntax, and academic achievement, were profiled and compared among these 3 groups. Results: Significant differences were observed in the results of the Word Fluency Test, the Picture Vocabulary Test–Revised, and the Syntax Test of Aphasia among the 3 groups. No significant difference was observed between groups who were lower-scoring and intermediate-scoring on the academic achievement tests referred to as Criterion Referenced Test–II and the Standardized Comprehension Test for Abstract Words. Only the higher-scoring group showed excellent results. The demographic factors were not significantly different among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Relatively poor academic achievement despite fair language production was the dominant feature of the intermediate-scoring group. This profile might correlate with academic failure in school.
Correlation of Nasal Obstruction with Nasal Cross-Sectional Area Measured by Computed Tomography in Patients with Nasal Septal Deviation
Authors: Cho Gye Song , Kim Jeoung Hyun , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction and the corresponding cross-sectional area for nasal airflow in patients with a deviated septum. Methods: Seventy-one patients with a diagnosis of unilateral nasal obstruction due to a deviated nasal septum were evaluated by preoperative computed tomography. Anterior anatomic characteristics (the internal nasal valve angle and the cross-sectional areas at the external nasal valve, the head of the inferior turbinate, and the head of the middle turbinate) and posterior anatomic factors (the cross-sectional areas at the openings of the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and end of the nasal septum) were examined. Associations between the computed tomography measurements and the subjective severity of nasal obstruction were analyzed with a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Anterior and posterior anatomic characteristics were associated with the subjective severity of nasal obstruction. Anterior anatomic factors were related to the VAS scores of patients with anterior septal deviation, and posterior anatomic factors were related to the VAS scores of patients with posterior septal deviation. Conclusions: This study indicated that the anterior and posterior parts of the nasal cavity are both related to nasal obstruction. In some patients, the posterior part of the nasal cavity was more important than other locations in causing nasal obstruction.
Occult Lymph Node Metastases Increase Locoregional Recurrence in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Patron Vincent , Hitier Martin , Bedfert Cécile , Clech Guy Le , Jégoux Franck 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: The impact of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) on locoregional recurrence (LRR) and survival in patients with N0 differentiated thyroid carcinoma is unclear, because no large study has been carried out. A retrospective study was conducted in our department to assess the influence of OLNM. Methods: We included 201 patients treated by prophylactic neck dissection for N0 differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 1974 and 2006. The incidence of OLNM and predictive factors for recurrence and survival were assessed. Results: The incidence of OLNM was 20%. Necks were involved at levels VI, III, II, IV, V, and I, in decreasing order of frequency. After a mean follow-up of 9 years, the rate of LRR was 8.9% and the rate of distant metastasis was 3.4%. An age of greater than 55 years and the presence of OLNM were predictive factors for LRR. An age of greater than 55 years and the presence of LRR were predictive factors for distant metastasis. The presence of distant metastasis was the only factor that significantly and independently influenced the disease-specific survival. Conclusions: We found that OLNM occurred in only 20% of N0 patients. The presence and especially the number of OLNMs on neck dissection were major risk factors for LRR in this study, but did not affect the disease-specific survival.
Long-Term Quality of Life in Young Adults Treated for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Thomas Ligy , Moore Eric J. , Olsen Kerry D. , Kasperbauer Jan L. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: We assessed the long-term quality of life (QOL) in patients who survived oral cavity squamous cell cancer when they were young and looked for any clinical factors that might adversely affect function and QOL. Methods: We performed a retrospective case series and questionnaire survey in a tertiary care center. The subjects were consecutive patients treated for oral cancers during a 25-year period, when they were 40 years of age or less. The patients completed the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire and the M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). We made an overall descriptive report of swallowing and QOL measures in the study population and looked for any clinical factors associated with functional outcomes. Results: Among the 62 patients treated over the course of 25 years, 46 were alive and disease-free. Twenty-six participated. The median follow-up duration was 14.7 years (range, 3 to 27 years). Age at diagnosis and duration of follow-up did not correlate with overall QOL or health-related QOL. Seventy-seven percent rated their overall QOL as outstanding, very good, or good. The key domains affected by cancer were appearance, mood, saliva, and shoulder function. Radiotherapy significantly adversely affected the QOL. The median MDADI scores on all 4 subscales were at least 85%. Higher T-stage and radiotherapy were significantly associated with lower scores on all subscales. Conclusions: The long-term health-related QOL in this cohort was quite good. Radiotherapy and tumor stage correlated with swallowing outcomes, and only radiotherapy seemed to adversely affect the overall QOL.
Evaluation of Card-Type Odor Identification Test for Japanese Patients with Olfactory Disturbance
Authors: Fujio Hisami , Doi Kiyoshi , Hasegawa Shingo , Kobayakawa Tatsu , Nibu Ken-Ichi 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: A card-type odor identification test, Open Essence (OE), was recently developed in order to examine olfactory function in the Japanese population. The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of this new test by comparison with established olfactory examinations. Methods: We administered Jet Stream Olfactometry (JSO), an intravenous olfaction test (Alinamin test), a visual analog scale of symptoms of olfactory dysfunction, and the OE test to 50 patients with complaints of olfactory disturbance and 50 healthy volunteers. After comparison of the OE test results with those of existing olfactory examinations and the symptom scores, we tried to estimate a cutoff value compatible with the JSO threshold. Results: The scores on the OE test showed significant correlations with the average detection thresholds of JSO (r = −0.738; p < 0.0001), the average recognition thresholds of JSO (r = −0.708; p < 0.0001), the symptom scores (r = 0.827; p < 0.0001), and the duration scores of the intravenous olfactory test (r = 0.673; p < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve between the OE test results and the average recognition thresholds of JSO was highest when the OE test's cutoff value was set at 8. Conclusions: The OE test proved to be a useful tool for screening olfactory disturbance in the Japanese population. Scores of 8 or higher on the OE test should be judged as normal for screening.
Potential Benefits of pH 8.8 Alkaline Drinking Water as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Reflux Disease
Authors: Koufman Jamie A. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: At the cellular level, tissue-bound pepsin is fundamental to the pathophysiologic mechanism of reflux disease, and although the thresholds for laryngeal damage in laryngopharyngeal reflux and for esophageal damage in gastroesophageal reflux disease differ, both forms of damage are due to pepsin, which requires acid for its activation. In addition, human pepsin remains stable at pH 7.4 and may be reactivated by hydrogen ions from any source. Thus, most tap and bottled waters (typically pH 6.7 to 7.4) would not be expected to affect pepsin stability. The purposes of these in vitro studies were to investigate whether artesian well water containing natural bicarbonate (pH 8.8) might irreversibly denature (inactivate) human pepsin, and to establish its potential acid-buffering capacity. Methods: Laboratory studies were performed to determine whether human pepsin was inactivated by pH 8.8 alkaline water. In addition, the buffering capacity of the alkaline water was measured and compared to that of the two most popular commercially available bottled waters. Results: The pH 8.8 alkaline water irreversibly inactivated human pepsin (in vitro), and its hydrochloric acid–buffering capacity far exceeded that of the conventional-pH waters. Conclusions: Unlike conventional drinking water, pH 8.8 alkaline water instantly denatures pepsin, rendering it permanently inactive. In addition, it has good acid-buffering capacity. Thus, the consumption of alkaline water may have therapeutic benefits for patients with reflux disease.
Characteristics of Vocal Fold Immobility following Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Xu Wen , Han Demin , Hu Rong , Bai Yu , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: We investigated the clinical and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) characteristics and the outcome of closed reduction of arytenoid cartilage dislocation in patients with vocal fold immobility (VFI) following endotracheal intubation. Methods: Sixty patients with VFI following endotracheal intubation were included. Closed reduction was performed under local anesthesia in 54 cases. Another 6 patients did not undergo an intervention. Laryngeal behaviors and voice function were evaluated. Forty-five patients underwent LEMG testing. Results: All patients complained of persistent hoarseness immediately following surgery. The LEMG results for 29 of 45 patients showed normal patterns (15 cases) or mildly abnormal patterns (14 cases) on the affected side. Sixteen cases displayed apparent abnormal LEMG patterns on the affected side. The voices of all 54 patients improved after reduction. The movement of the affected vocal folds recovered to normal in 51 cases. One month after reduction, neuromuscular function had improved in 29 of 30 cases. Among the 6 patients who did not undergo intervention, 3 had normal or slightly hoarse voices, and 3 experienced moderate hoarseness. Conclusions: Vocal fold immobility following endotracheal intubation is typically caused by arytenoid dislocation. Some instances were accompanied by an abnormality of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. A timely closed arytenoid reduction should be performed to restore patients' normal voices and vocal fold mobility. Our reduction technique under local anesthesia can be performed easily and obtains satisfactory outcomes within 6 weeks after endotracheal intubation.
Pilot Study Comparing Total Intravenous Anesthesia to Inhalational Anesthesia in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Novel Approach of Blood Flow Quantification
Authors: Gomez-Rivera Fernando , Cattano Davide , Ramaswamy Uma , Patel Chirag B. , Altamirano Alfonso , Man Li-Xing , Luong Amber , Chen Zhongxue , Citardi Martin J. , Fakhri Samer 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: We compared anesthesia with sevoflurane–remifentanil hydrochloride (SR) to total intravenous anesthesia with propofol–remifentanil hydrochloride (PR) in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in terms of sinonasal mucosal blood flow, the surgical field visualization score, and blood loss. Methods: We performed a double-blinded prospective study at a tertiary care center in 23 adults scheduled to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. The patients were randomized to receive SR or PR. The sinonasal mucosal blood flow was measured by optical rhinometry. The surgical field visualization score was based on the Boezaart scale. Results: The groups had similar clinical characteristics. During the 60- to 90-minute and 90- to 120-minute operative time windows, the blood flow was significantly greater in the PR group than in the SR group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). The amounts of blood loss in the PR and SR groups were 152.9 ± 161.3 mL and 355.9 ± 393.4 mL, respectively (p = 0.12). The median ratios of the surgical field visualization score to the number of sinuses operated on in the PR and SR groups were 2.1 and 1.8, respectively (p = 0.52). Conclusions: The intraoperative blood flow, as determined by optical rhinometry, was significantly greater with anesthesia with PR than with anesthesia with SR, 1 hour into the procedure; however, this difference did not translate into differences in the amounts of operative blood loss or in the surgical field visualization scores.
Gene Profiles during Vestibular Compensation in Rats after Unilateral Labyrinthectomy
Authors: Park Moo Kyun , Lee Byung Don , Lee Jong Dae , Jung Hak Hyun , Chae Sung Won 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine changes in gene expression in the chronic state of vestibular compensation by microarray analysis and to validate the asymmetrical levels of gene expression in the ipsilateral and contralateral vestibular nucleus complexes (VNCs). Methods: Microarray analysis was used to examine the expression of genes up-regulated or down-regulated in the ipsilateral VNC at 1 and 7 days after unilateral labyrinthectomy. Up-regulated or down-regulated gene expression in the ipsilateral and contralateral VNCs was then validated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after labyrinthectomy. Results: The genes down-regulated at 1 day after labyrinthectomy and up-regulated at 7 days after labyrinthectomy as determined by microarray analysis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were zinc finger protein 307, zinc metallopeptidase, P34, calcitonin receptor, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, GATA binding protein 3, and CD151. Expression of zinc finger protein 307, zinc metallopeptidase, P34, and calcitonin receptor was up-regulated even after 7 days in the contralateral VNC of rats that had labyrinthectomy. Conclusions: This study demonstrated changes in gene expression in rats during the chronic phase of vestibular compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy and provided profiles of these changes in gene expression.
Association of Hearing Loss with Decreased Employment and Income among Adults in the United States
Authors: Jung David , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: We evaluated the association of hearing loss with employment and income in adults. Methods: Patients with a coded diagnosis of hearing loss were identified from the 2006 and 2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked household and medical conditions files and compared to patients without hearing loss. Differences in employment, wage income, and Supplemental Security Income were evaluated with multivariate regression models after adjustment for several demographic and Charlson comorbidity variables. Results: An estimated 933,921 ± 88,474 adults were identified with hearing loss (54.7% of whom were male; mean age for all, 51.0 years). Patients with hearing loss were more likely to be unemployed or partly unemployed than those without hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; p < 0.001). Similarly, adults with hearing loss were less likely to have any wage income than those without hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio, 2.5; p < 0.001). The population with hearing loss earned a mean wage of $23,481 ± $3,366, versus $31,272 ± $517 for the population without hearing loss (difference in wages, $7,791; p < 0.001). The association between hearing loss and receiving Supplemental Security Income was not significant (p = 0.109). Conclusions: Adults with hearing loss are more likely to be unemployed and on average earn significantly less wage income than adults without hearing loss. Further work is needed to determine the potential impact of treatment on these differences.