bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeon Perception and Attitude Toward the Moral Imperative of Institutionally Addressing Second Victim Syndrome in Surgery
Authors: Hsiao Li-Hsuan , Kopar Piroska K 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Second victim syndrome (SVS) is described as when healthcare providers encounter significant moral distress after traumatic patient care events. Although broadly recognized in medicine, this remains underrecognized in surgery, and no systemic approaches exist to mitigate potential harms of SVS among surgeons. When SVS is left unaddressed, surgeons not only suffer personal psychological harm but their ability to care for future patients can also be compromised. The aim was to examine surgeons’ perceptions and attitudes regarding mitigation of SVS.

STUDY DESIGN:
This study was conducted at a tertiary-care university hospital using a mixed-methods approach coupling quantitative and qualitative assessments including a 13-item survey, follow-up focus group, and semistructured interviews, The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for quantitative analysis and content analysis used to report qualitative findings.

RESULTS:
Surgeons believe SVS is a universal experience among surgeons that healthcare institutions have a moral obligation to address. Surgeons further believe that any effective mitigation strategy must receive legal protection similar to morbidity and mortality conferences. The culture, tenor, and tone of review processes after surgical complications can either reduce or exacerbate the burden of SVS. Successful interventions must be easily accessible, voluntary, and culturally acceptable. Surgeons may suffer greater SVS compared with nonprocedural physicians as adverse events can be inevitable in operation and may potentially be a high-frequency outcome depending on patient population.

CONCLUSIONS:
Surgeons agreed that healthcare organizations have a moral imperative to assist surgeons in navigating the psychosocial impacts of SVS after adverse surgical outcomes. The success of mitigation strategies was viewed as ethically relevant to patients and surgeons and dependent on the culture, tenor, and tone of the process.
Gilvimarinus gilvus sp. nov. and Gilvimarinus algae sp. nov., isolated from kelp seedlings
Authors: Sun Yang-Yang , Chen Rui-Ying , Zhou Zi-Yang , Gong Ya , Du Zong-Jun 
Published: August 2024

Two novel rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains, designated SDUM040013T and SDUM040014T, were isolated from kelp seedlings in Weihai, PR China. Cells of strain SDUM040013T were 0.3–0.4 µm wide and 0.8–1.8 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Growth of SDUM040013T was observed at 0–37 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C) and pH 5.5–9 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in the presence of 1–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain SDUM040013T was 50.5 %. Strain SDUM040013T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.1 %) to Gilvimarinus chinensis. Cells of strain SDUM040014T were 0.4–0.5 µm wide and 1.0–1.4 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Growth of SDUM040014T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C) and pH 5.5–9 (optimum, pH 8.5) and in the presence of 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain SDUM040014T was 56.5 %. Strain SDUM040014T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.2%) to Gilvimarinus polysaccharolyticus. The isoprenoid quinone of both strains was Q-8 and the predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c) and C16 : 0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids. Given these phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic data, strains SDUM040013T and SDUM040014T were considered to represent two novel species of the genus Gilvimarinus, for which the names Gilvimarinus gilvus sp. nov. and Gilvimarinus algae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are SDUM040013T (=KCTC 8123T=MCCC 1H01413T) and SDUM040014T (=KCTC 8124T=MCCC 1H01414T), respectively.
Salicaceae endophyte inoculation alters stomatal patterning and improves the intrinsic water-use efficiency ofPopulus trichocarpaafter a water-deficit
Authors: Hendrickson Matthew , Banan Darshi , Tournay Robert , Bakker Jonathan D. , Doty Sharon L. , Kim Soo-Hyung 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMicroorganisms may enhance plant resilience to water stress by influencing their hosts’ physiology and anatomy at the leaf-level. Bacterial and yeast endophytes, isolated from wild poplar and willow, can improve the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of cultivated poplar (Populus) under water-deficits by lowering stomatal conductance (gsw). However, the relevance of stomatal anatomy underlying this reduction remains unclear. We hypothesized endophyte inoculation could change host stomatal anatomy, and this would relate to decreases ingsw. We subjected Salicaceae endophyte-inoculated and uninoculatedPopulus trichocarpato well-watered and water-deficit treatments in greenhouse studies. We examined the changes of individual stomatal traits and related the composition of these parameters, termed stomatal patterning, to leaf gas-exchange under light saturation. After a water-deficit, inoculation improvediWUEat light saturation from preserving carbon assimilation (Anet) and loweringgsw, but these changes were independent of soil-moisture status. Drops ingswcorresponded to underlying shifts in stomatal patterning. Inoculated plants had smaller, more compact stomata and greater anatomical maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax) relative to the control. Salicaceae endophytes may alter stomatal density and size, loweringgswand increasingiWUE. Future efforts may quantify endophyte colonization of the host to draw direct relationships between microbes and stomatal traits.HIGHLIGHTPoplars inoculated with specific bacteria had leaves containing many, tiny pores relative to the trees without the microbes; these plants with the small, dense pores related to greater intrinsic water-use efficiency.
Factors determining hemoglobin levels in vaginally delivered term newborns at public hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Ogah Adenike Oluwakemi , Mwando Chrispin , Chanda Kenneth , Nganjo Selia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited data is available regarding the prevalence of neonatal anemia and its associated risk factors in areas with constrained resources.Subject and methodsIn a cross-sectional study, data pertaining to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 489 mother-singleton, term newborn pairs were consecutively collected from the admission wards of six public hospitals in Lusaka. The information was then analyzed to determine the prevalence of newborn anemia and its associated risk factors. Newborn and maternal anemia were defined as hemoglobin levels below 15g/dl and 11g/dl, respectively. The relationship between the variables was explored using Chi-square tests and a binary logistic regression model. The findings were reported in terms of p-values, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia and severe anemia in newborns was 72.4% and 2.5% respectively, while in mothers it was 30.5% and 14.7% respectively. Delayed cord clamping was performed in 71.4% of the deliveries, and 86.5% of newborns had their hemoglobin levels estimated between 4-6 hours after birth. Maternal pre-delivery hemoglobin data were obtained from the hospital records of 246 (49.7%) out of the 489 mothers in the study. The majority (63.4%) of maternal hemoglobin levels were determined more than 4 weeks before delivery, and this infrequent hemoglobin assessment was significantly associated with newborn anemia (p<0.001; OR 3.60; 95% CI 1.81, 7.14). Additionally, 11% of the 489 mothers had underlying medical conditions, which were also significantly associated with newborn anemia (p=0.019; OR=2.96; [95%CI 1.20, 7.32]). The top three maternal medical conditions were HIV (35.2%), hypertension (25.9%), and Hepatitis B virus infection (13%). Maternal age was significantly associated with newborn anemia, with teenage pregnancy posing the highest risk (93.8%; p<0.001; OR 5.68; [95%CI 1.94, 16.60]). Furthermore, primiparous (p<0.001; OR 5.46 [95% CI 2.02, 14.93]), para 2 (p=0.014; OR=2.11 [95% CI 1.16, 3.83]), and multiparous (p=0.009; OR=4.77; [95% CI 1.48, 15.35]) mothers were more likely to produce anemic newborns compared to other parity. Newborns born before 40 weeks gestation were 3.11 times (95% CI 1.75, 5.52) more likely to have anemia, p<0.001, compared to full-term babies. Normal birthweight babies were less likely to become anemic compared to low birthweight babies (p=0.003; OR=0.31 [95% CI 0.14, 0.68]).ConclusionEnhanced antenatal care for pregnant mothers in resource-limited settings is essential, with particular focus on maternal hemoglobin, nutrition, and medical conditions. Attention should also be given to teenage pregnancy, primiparous and multiparous mothers, as well as preterm and low birthweight babies, to prevent newborn anemia and consequently reduce infant morbidity and mortality.
“It’s because they are my kids and I love them”: The impact of family and community substance use on children and families
Authors: Ford Meghan K , Truong Ryan , Knox Bruce , Bartels Susan , Davidson Colleen , Cole Michele , Jackson Logan , Purkey Eva , Bayoumi Imaan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubstance use disorders (SUD) significantly impact the physical, social, and mental health of individuals, their families, and the wider community. Parental substance use can lead to long-term social and health problems for children. Examining resilience and its determinants among families directly affected by SUD (e.g., having a parent who misuses substances) or indirectly exposed to substance use (e.g., living in a community impacted by drug use) may uncover valuable insights to support families addressing SUD. The existing literature does not adequately address substance use within the context of families with young children and community resilience. The current study aims to enhance our understanding of the daily impact of family member substance use (direct substance use) or exposure to substance use within the community (indirect substance use) on children and families through qualitative interviews.MethodsThe present study was a qualitative secondary analysis. Families were recruited within the Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox, and Addington area during 2022 and 2023 with a focus on maximum variation. Families were eligible to participate if they: 1) included at least one adult caring for a child under 18; 2) had a history of adversity; 3) were interested in participating; and 4) could consent to all parts of the study. Arts-based qualitative methods and community based participatory methods were employed. Participating families created a visual timeline, participated in a focus group discussion, and an individual interview. The qualitative transcripts were then analyzed following reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsSix families (12 adults, 4 children) were included in the secondary analysis. The analysis generated four themes: (1) How children affect resilience in families affected by SUD; (2) Service needs of parents with SUD to enhance family resilience; (3) The role of social support in family resilience; and (4) How perceptions of safety and trust challenge community resilience. The main limitation of this study was a small sample size.ConclusionsThe study highlights the significant impact of family and community on the resilience of individuals affected by SUD. It emphasizes the importance of developing addictions services and social environments that are supportive of families with young children. These spaces should be designed to be substance-free, inclusive, and welcoming to children. Additionally, there is a need to improve service navigation and address the barriers to care commonly experienced by individuals affected by SUD.
Selective regulation of IFN-γ and IL-4 co-producing unconventional T cells by purinergic signalling
Authors: Xu Calvin , Obers Andreas , Qin Minyi , Brandli Alice , Wong Joelyn , Huang Xin , Clatch Allison , Fayed Aly , Starkey Graham , D’Costa Rohit , Gordon Claire L , Beattie Lynette , Mackay Laura K. , Godfrey Dale I. , Koay Hui-Fern 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnconventional T cells, including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), natural killer T (NKT), and gamma-delta T (γδT) cells, comprise distinct T-bet+, IFN-γ+and RORγt+, IL-17+subsets which play differential roles in health and disease. NKT1 cells are susceptible to ARTC2-mediated P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) activation, but the effects on other unconventional T-cell types are unknown. Here, we show that MAIT, γδT, and NKT cells express P2RX7 and are sensitive to P2RX7-mediated cell death. Mouse peripheral T-bet+MAIT1, γδT1, and NKT1 cells, especially in liver, co-express ARTC2 and P2RX7, which can be further upregulated by retinoic acid. Blocking ARTC2 or inhibiting P2RX7 protected MAIT1, γδT1, and NKT1 cells from cell death, enhanced their survivalin vivo, and increased the number of IFN-γ-secreting cells without affecting IL-17 production. Importantly, this revealed the existence of IFN-γ and IL-4 co-producing unconventional T-cell populations normally lost upon isolation due to ARTC2/P2RX7-induced death. Administering extracellular NADin vivoactivated this pathway, depleting P2RX7-sensitive unconventional T cells. Our study reveals ARTC2/P2RX7 as a common regulatory axis modulating the unconventional T-cell compartment, affecting the viability of IFN-γ- and IL-4-producing T cells, offering important insights to facilitate future studies into how these cells can be regulated in health and disease.
Hydrogel injection molded complex macroencapsulation device geometry improves long-term cell therapy viability and function in the rat omentum transplant site
Authors: Emerson Amy E. , Lyons Quincy , Becker Matthew W. , Sepulveda Keven , Hiremath Shivani , Brady Sarah R. , Weaver Jessica D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInsulin-secreting allogeneic cell therapies are a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes, with the potential to eliminate hypoglycemia and long-term complications of the disease. However, chronic systemic immunosuppression is necessary to prevent graft rejection, and the acute risks associated with immunosuppression limit the number of patients who can be treated with allogeneic cell therapies. Islet macroencapsulation in a hydrogel biomaterial is one proposed method to reduce or eliminate immune suppression; however, macroencapsulation devices suffer from poor oxygen transport and limited efficacy as they scale to large animal model preclinical studies and clinical trials. Hydrogel geometric device designs that optimize nutrient transport combined with methods to promote localized vasculogenesis may improve in vivo macroencapsulated cell viability and function. Here, we demonstrate with finite element modeling that a high surface area-to-volume ratio spiral geometry can increase macroencapsulated islet viability and function relative to a traditional cylindrical design, and we validate these observationsin vitrounder normoxic and physiological oxygen conditions. Finally, we evaluate macroencapsulated syngeneic islet survival and function in vivo in a diabetic rat omentum transplant model, and demonstrate that high surface area-to-volume hydrogel device designs improved macroencapsulated syngeneic islet function relative to traditional device designs.
A Human Brain-Chip for modelling brain pathologies and screening of BBB crossing therapeutic strategies
Authors: Chim Shek Man , Howell Kristen , Kokkosis Alexandros , Zambrowicz Brian , Karalis Katia , Pavlopoulos Elias 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe limited translatability of preclinical experimental findings to human patients remains an obstacle for successful treatment of brain diseases. Relevant models to elucidate mechanisms behind brain pathogenesis, such as human cell-based systems, and support successful targeting and prediction of drug responses in humans are in urgent need given the species differences in brain and blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions. Here, we examined and advanced a Brain-Chip which recapitulates aspects of the human cortical parenchyma and the BBB in one model. We utilized human primary astrocytes and pericytes, hiPSC-derived cortical neurons, hiPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells, and included for the first time on chip hiPSC-derived microglia. Using TNFα to emulate neuroinflammation, we demonstrate that our model recapitulatesin vivo-relevant responses. Importantly, we show microglia-derived responses, highlighting the ability of the model to capture cell-specific contributions in human disease associated pathology. We next tested BBB crossing of human transferrin receptor antibodies and conjugated adeno-associated viruses, and demonstrate successfulin vitro/in vivocorrelation in identifying crossing differences. These findings highlight the potential of the Brain-Chip as a time-saving and reliable model to support therapeutic development for brain diseases.
Synthetic cannabinoids consumed via e-cigarettes in English schools
Authors: Cozier Gyles E. , Gardner Matthew , Craft Sam , Skumlien Martine , Spicer Jack , Andrews Rachael , Power Alexander , Haines Tom , Bowman Richard , Manley Amy E. , Sunderland Peter , Sutcliffe Oliver B. , Husbands Stephen M. , Hines Lindsey , Taylor Gillian , Freeman Tom P. , Scott Jennifer , Pudney Christopher R. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs), colloquially spice or K2, are the most common drug to be found in prisons in the UK, where they are associated with nearly half of non-natural deaths. In the community, SCs are associated with poly-drug users who are also likely to be homeless. People who use SCs report debilitating side effects and withdrawal symptoms, coupled with dependence. Until now, SC use was believed to be largely restricted to prison and homeless populations. However, media reporting in the UK has increasingly identified cases of children collapsing in schools, which are claimed to be associated with vaping and putatively the vaping of a drug, variously reported as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ‘synthetic cannabis’ or ‘spice’. We therefore conducted the first study to identify and quantity SCs in e-cigarettes routinely collected from schools. We sampled 27 schools from geographically distinct regions of England, representing a very broad range of social metrics (free school meals, persistent absenteeism, and SEN). The material was sampled by self-submission by individual schools of e-cigarettes seized during normal school operation and transferred to us for analysis via local police forces. We found a remarkably consistent picture where SCs were detected in 17.5 % of all e-cigarettes sampled, and in 21 of 27 (78 %) of all sampled schools. Moreover, the percentage of SC e-cigarettes positively correlated with a metric of social deprivation, the fraction of pupils eligible for free school meals. The SC positive e-cigarettes were almost entirely found in e-cigarette liquid bottles and refillable e-cigarette devices, with very few identified in single use e-cigarette products. Within the positive samples we found an average SC concentration of 1.03 mg mL-1with a maximum of 3.6 mg mL-1. In contrast to the high prevalence of SCs, few samples contained THC (1.6 %). We suggest that pupils are being sold SC e-cigarettes as ‘cannabis’ and may be unaware they are consuming (and sometimes supplying) considerably more harmful drugs. Our findings are immediately crucial to policy policing and healthcare in the UK as well as to educational bodies and schools.
The role of TRPV4 in acute sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairment
Authors: Guo Meimei , Zhang Feiyang , Liu Sha , Zhang Yi , Wang Lesheng , Song Jian , Wei Wei , Li Xiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcute sleep deprivation (ASD) negatively impacts fear memory, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a cation channel which is closely correlated with the concentration of Ca2+, and neuronal Ca2+overloading is a crucial inducement of learning and memory impairment. This study utilized an acute sleep-deprived mouse model combined with fear conditioning to investigate these mechanisms. mRNA sequencing revealed increased expression of TRPV4 in mice with ASD-induced fear memory impairment. Notably, knockdown of TRPV4 reversed ASD-induced fear memory impairment. ASD leads to the increased concentration of Ca2+. Additionally, we observed a reduction in spine density and a significant decrease in postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), which is associated with synaptic plasticity, in sleep-deprived fear memory impairment mice. This indicates that ASD may cause overloaded Ca2+, disrupting synaptic plasticity and impairing fear memory. Moreover, TRPV4 knockdown significantly decreased Ca2+concentration, mitigated the loss of dendritic spines and reduction of PSD95, contributing to the restoration of fear memory. These findings indicate a potential protective role of TRPV4 knockdown in counteracting ASD-induced fear memory deficits. Collectively, our results highlight that TRPV4 may be a potential therapeutic target in mediating fear memory impairment due to ASD and underscore the importance of sleep management for conditions like PTSD.
Grape ripening speed slowed down using natural variation
Authors: Falginella Luigi , Magris Gabriele , Castellarin Simone Diego , Gambetta Gregory A. , Matthews Mark A. , Morgante Michele , Di Gaspero Gabriele 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding ripening patterns and governing ripening speed are central aspects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berry biology owing to the importance of grape ripeness in winemaking. Despite this, the genetic control of ripening is largely unknown. Here, we report a major quantitative trait locus that controls ripening speed, expressed as speed of sugar accumulation. A haplotype originating from the speciesVitis ripariahalves maximum speed regardless of crop levels and berry sizes. The sequence of events that are normally completed at the onset of ripening in a two-week period known in viticulture as veraison are taking place at a slower speed, thereby attaining ripeness under milder weather conditions in late summer.V. viniferacultivars show limited phenotypic variation for ripening speed and no selective sweep in the causal genomic region that could derive from domestication or improvement. Closely related species make up for the lack of standing variation, supplying major effect alleles for adapting grape cultivars to climate change.HIGHLIGHT / SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReducing the speed of fruit ripening genetically is a means for adapting the grape berry developmental program to the changing needs of the wine industry and in response to global warming. We identified a haplotype in a wild grape species that slows down the speed of ripening in progenies ofVitis viniferaby limiting the speed of sugar accumulation throughout the duration of ripening, a condition of great importance for winemakers to harvest their grapes at the desired level of technological ripeness.