bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral and reproductive biology of Vaccinium meridionale (Ericaceae) in the Eastern Andes of Colombia.
Authors: Chamorro Fermín J. , Nates-Parra Guiomar 
Published: October 2015

<p class="Standard"><em>Vaccinium meridionale</em> es una planta silvestre productora de frutos comestibles en las áreas montañosas del norte de Suramérica. Sin embargo, no hay información suficiente sobre su sistema reproductivo, lo cual es fundamental para su manejo y conservación dado que sus frutos son extraídos de forma no sostenible y hay un creciente interés en establecer la especie como cultivo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron estudiar la biología floral y reproductiva de <em>V. meridionale </em>en condiciones naturales y analizar la importancia de los polinizadores en su reproducción. Para esto se realizaron observaciones y experimentos para describir su morfología y fenología floral, viabilidad de polen, receptividad de estigma, relación polen óvulo y producción de néctar. Para estudiar su sistema reproductivo se realizaron experimentos de emasculación, exclusión de polinizadores y polinización manual (autopolinización y polinización cruzada). El estudio se realizó con dos poblaciones silvestres de <em>V. meridionale</em> ubicadas en los departamentos de Cundinamarca y Boyacá, en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Se encontró que aunque las flores tienen anteras poricidas la liberación del polen se da fácilmente sin vibración. <em>V. meridionale</em> presenta un gran despliegue y larga longevidad floral y hay un sesgo en la producción de néctar hacia la función femenina. Se estimó una relación polen/óvulo de 571±133, lo que clasifica a la especie como xenógama facultativa. Este resultado coincidió con los experimentos de polinización ya que en las dos poblaciones estudiadas las plantas produjeron frutos por agamospermia, autogamia y xenogamia. No obstante, se observó una fuerte depresión por endogamia manifestada en altas tasas de aborto de frutos producidos por autogamia a diferencia de los frutos provenientes de polinización cruzada que fueron retenidos por la planta desde su formación. Los rasgos florales presentados por la especie se consideran mecanismos para favorecer un gremio más diverso de visitantes florales que sólo los insectos capaces de polinización por vibración. Además, estos rasgos florales pueden aumentar la probabilidad de polinización y disminuir la geitonogamia. Igualmente la depresión por endogamia sugiere que la especie busca mantener el entrecruzamiento como su principal estrategia reproductiva. Por lo tanto, los polinizadores, en particular las abejas son fundamentales para la reproducción de <em>V. meridionale </em>y en consecuencia su conservación es esencial para mantener la variabilidad genética y oferta de frutos de esta especie.</p><p class="Standard"> </p>
Pseudonadsoniella brunnea (Meripilaceae, Agaricomycotina), a new brown yeast-like fungus producing melanin from the Antarctic; with notes on nomenclature and type confusion of Nadsoniella nigra
Authors: Kondratyuk T. O. , Kondratyuk S. Y. , Morgaienko O. O. , Khimich M. V. , Beregova T. V. , Ostapchenko L. I. 
Published: October 2015

New anamorph genus Pseudonadsoniella of dark brown yeast-like fungi similar to the genus Nadsoniella in having very slow growth in culture on all nutrient media but differing in showing better development of ‘colony-like formations’ on Saburo agar medium and potato sections as well as showing a phylogenetic affiliation to the family Meripilaceae (Polyporales, Agaricomycotina) after phylogenetic analysis based on ITS nrDNA sequences is described. The new species Pseudonadsoniella brunnea from Antarctic, Argentina, Galindez Island, is described and illustrated.
The position of some species groups appeared to be polyphyletic genera Rigidoporus, Physisporinus and Phaeococcomyces after ITS nrDNA sequences is discussed. Corrections to identification of some specimens of the genera Phlebia, Elmerina, Physisporinus are provided.
Nomenclature of Issatschenko’s species Nadsoniella nigra and its two infraspecific taxa as well as type and voucher confusion of these taxa in molecular study of the members of the genus Exophiala is discussed. It is shown that the anamorph fungus Exophiala sp. CBS 546.82 (VKM F-2137 or ‘voucher Ruban’s strain 365’), hitherto incorrectly recorded as Nadsoniella nigra var. hesuelica (nom. inval.), is a taxon still waiting for describing.
The conclusion that the original Issatschenko’s collection of Nadsoniella nigra (type strain CBS 535.94) and status of the strain Exophiala sp. CBS 546.82 are in urgent need of the modern revision/re-examination is done.
Performance Comparison of Rolling Cutter Bits with Alternate Nozzle Configurations
Authors: Moffitt S. R. , McGehee D. Y. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Controversy exists regarding the optimum nozzle con-figuration for rolling cutter bits. Frequently, this confusion is compounded by tests which compare an experimental configuration to only the standard non- directed, three nozzle design. Additionally, field data can cloud comparisons because of the lack of control and repeatability of formation and drilling conditions. The strategy of this paper is to describe the use of controlled laboratory conditions to best isolate the true benefit of various hydraulic config-urations.
Tests were conducted in a pressurized drilling envi-ronment using 9-7/8 tooth and insert bits in Mancos shale. Hydraulic configurations include combinations of standard and directed nozzle bits with center jets, long extended nozzles, and short extended nozzles.
Results indicate that directed nozzles provide sub-stantially better bit cleaning and rate of penetration (ROP) than the standard and short extended nozzle configurations and slightly faster rate of penetration than long extended nozzle configurations.
The Methods and Equipment Used for the Offshore Installation of Ocean Outfalls Diffuser Assemblies from a Semisubmersible
Authors: Arnold M. S. , Tait S. A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
The Sydney Water Board of Sydney, Australia has commissioned the design and construction of three subsea ocean outfalls to handle the sewage disposal needs of the area for the next 100 years. The outfalls consist of three underground tunnels, extending up to 3.1 miles (5 km.) offshore, which connect with 93 riser shafts capped with diffuser heads and supported by caissons, This paper will discuss the methods and equipment used to install the ocean outfalls diffuser assemblies from a semisubmersible.
The Drilling Engineering for Subsea Development Wells
Authors: King G. W. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Twelve subsea development wells have been drilled in block 9/13 in the North Sea. The early completions were of exploration or appraisal wells, later wells were planned for development. The experience has lead to a drilling engineering strategy for planning all wells to ensure that the maximum benefit from each well can be achieved. This involves: grouping the wells together to minimise surface locations and flowline routes; designing all wells to be suitable for a subsea completion; and specifying a rig that can be used for all phases of a subsea development.
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping for Potassium Use Efficiency Traits at the Seedling Stage in Wheat under Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Treatments
Authors: Gong Xiao‐Ping , Liang Xue , Guo Ying , Wu Chun‐Hong , Zhao Yan , Li Xu‐Hua , Li Si‐Shen , Kong Fan‐Mei 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPotassium is often considered one of the three most important mineral nutrient elements for plant growth, development, and fecundity. In this study, 10 traits related to K use efficiency were investigated in 10 treatments supplied with different N and P concentrations using a set of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) under hydroponic culture. A total of 127 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the ten traits were detected on 20 chromosomes, with the exception of 4D. Of these QTLs, 35, 55, and 37 were associated with the three investigated nutrient concentration traits, four nutrient content traits, and three nutrient utilization efficiency traits, respectively. Six relatively high‐frequency QTLs (RHF‐QTLs) were detected in at least three treatments. A total of 16 QTL clusters (C1‐C16) harboring QTLs for at least three traits were identified, which involved 68 out of the 127 QTLs (53.5%). Some important QTLs/QTL clusters may be the potential targets for the marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of K efficiency in wheat.
Genetic Variation of Postharvest Physiological Deterioration Susceptibility in a Cassava Germplasm
Authors: Moyib Kehinde O. , Mkumbira Jonathan , Odunola Oyeronke A. , Dixon Alfred G. , Akoroda Malachy O. , Kulakow Peter 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPostharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is an unresolved major stress in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), which constrains the crop suitability for commercial and industrial purposes. The present study sourced for PPD tolerance from different genetic resources available within a cassava germplasm. Six hundred and twelve cassava accessions within International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)‐Ibadan germplasm were evaluated 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after harvest (DAH) for PPD and rate of PPD per day (PPD d–1) over the evaluation dates. Sixteen cassava genotypes that had mean PPD d–1 of 0.0% d–1 were classified as non‐deteriorators (NoDs) with possible delayed‐PPD trait and nine genotypes with mean PPD d–1 ≥ 70% d–1 as extra‐super fast deteriorators (xSPDs) with possible early‐PPD trait. The PPD was more pronounced at the proximal end of a root than at the middle and distal regions. Polyploid genotypes showed higher PPD tolerance than diploids but local varieties were more susceptible to PPD than the improved varieties. The study suggests that polyploidy could be an additional genetic resource for PPD tolerance in cassava. In addition, the knowledge of PPD status of a cassava germplasm allows its proper utilization. The NoD genotypes could sustain storage and transport within 8 d for commercial and industrial purposes and xSPD genotypes could be immediately processed into fermented foods and dried chips. The results presented in this study are explanatory in nature and could be explored further for integration into improvement programs in cassava.
Challenges, Opportunities, and Applications of Grazing Research
Authors: Sollenberger Lynn E. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTGrazing experiments provide fundamental information on the biology of grassland ecosystems, enable selection of persistent forage cultivars that support animal production, and develop management guidelines for end users. Challenges to proper conduct of grazing research include achieving meaningful time and spatial scales, difficulty in measurement of key variables, and scarcity of research funding. Opportunities are emerging for grazing research as a result of increasing awareness of grassland multifunctionality, ecosystem services, and environmental impacts. Capitalizing on these opportunities will require increased participation in grazing research by collaborators from a broader range of ecosystem sciences. This facilitates answering traditional production questions while concurrently discovering new knowledge regarding the larger grassland agroecosystem. Application of grazing research implies adoption by clientele and achieving real‐world impacts. Targeting technology and products to specific clientele and achieving on‐farm participation by change agents within the target audience can provide highly visible pilot studies that attract users to new technologies. The future of grazing research is not assured, but opportunities are emerging for scientists who engage collaborators representing a broader range of ecosystem sciences and who effectively develop and communicate their program outputs to clientele leading to adoption and measurable impacts.
Molecular Genotyping of Historical Barley Landraces Reveals Novel Candidate Regions for Local Adaption
Authors: Aslan Selçuk , Forsberg Nils E. G. , Hagenblad Jenny , Leino Matti W. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBarley landraces from Northern Europe form genetically distinct latitudinal groups, suggesting that adaption plays an important role in the geographical distribution of genetic diversity. Here, we investigate how Northern European barley landraces relate to landraces from other parts of Europe and whether candidate genes for climate adaption can be identified. For this purpose, 27 barley landraces, available as century‐old seed specimens, were genotyped with a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. Landraces from the Nordic countries formed a genetically distinct group relative to landraces from Central and Southern Europe. Polymorphic positions in the flowering time genes HvCO1, HvFT1, Ppd‐H1, and VRN1‐H1 were genotyped. The previously known allele distribution of Ppd‐H1 with the responsive allele present in the South and the nonresponsive allele in the North was confirmed. The other three genes were more variable in Central and Southern Europe compared to the North and neither of the flowering time genes showed any geographically correlated variation within the Nordic countries. Allelic frequencies from the 384 SNP set were correlated with climatic variables. This allowed us to identify five SNPs putatively associated with length of growth season, and two SNPs putatively associated with precipitation. The results show how historical crop specimens can be used to study how genetic variation has been geographically distributed and the genetics of adaption.
Estimation in the Field of Individual Perennial Ryegrass Plant Position and Dry Matter Production Using a Custom‐Made High‐Throughput Image Analysis Tool
Authors: Hunt Chris L. , Jones Chris S. , Hickey Michael J. , Koolaard John P. , West John , Hatier Jean‐Hugues B. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is widely used in grazing systems across the temperate world. Continued persistence of ryegrass pastures depends on our ability to further our understanding of the key traits or attributes responsible for improved plant performance. To this end, plant improvement is highly dependent on precise phenotyping capabilities. However, in‐field phenotyping is labor intensive, relies on experienced operators, and is often considered cost prohibitive. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an image analysis tool developed to locate and estimate dry matter (DM) production of individual plants growing in the field. Fifty plants were used to develop the image analysis tool and another 1100 to determine its accuracy. Dry matter was measured by weighing oven‐dried harvested plant material and estimated both with the image analysis tool and by visual scoring. The image analysis tool was faster and estimates of plant area were more highly correlated with measured DM values, potentially capturing 25% more of the variation, than those from visual growth scores. The tool was able to effectively locate and distinguish between neighboring plants. The accuracy of the tool was greatest for production values below 15 g, and the tool would benefit from further development to improve accuracy above this threshold.
Development and Validation of Thinopyrum elongatum–Expressed Molecular Markers Specific for the Long Arm of Chromosome 7E
Authors: Gou Lulu , Hattori Jiro , Fedak George , Balcerzak Margaret , Sharpe Andrew , Visendi Paul , Edwards David , Tinker Nicholas , Wei Yu‐Ming , Chen Guo‐Yue , Ouellet Thérèse 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe ditelocentric addition line CS‐7EL of the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) contains the long arm of the chromosome 7E from Thinopyrum elongatum (CS‐7EL), which confers high resistance to Fusarium head blight. It is of great interest to breeders to integrate the resistance locus (loci) from Th. elongatum into commercial wheat varieties. The objectives of this study were to identify candidate genes expressed from the 7EL chromosome of CS‐7EL, to develop 7EL‐specific molecular markers, and to validate their usefulness for characterizing recombination between one of the group 7 chromosomes of wheat and Th. elongatum. High‐throughput sequencing of Fusarium graminearum–infected and control CS and CS‐7EL cDNA libraries was performed using RNA‐Seq. A stepwise bioinformatics strategy was applied to assemble the sequences obtained from RNA‐Seq and to create a conservative list of candidate genes expressed from the foreign chromosome 7EL. Polymerase chain reaction primer pairs were designed and tested for 135 candidate genes. A total of 48 expressed molecular markers specific for the chromosome 7EL were successfully developed. Screening of progenies from two BC1F2 families from the cross CS‐7E(7D) × 2*CSph1b showed that these markers are useful for characterizing recombination events between the chromosomes 7D from wheat and 7E from Th. elongatum.
Toward Restoration of Ecosystem Function and Livelihoods on Grazed Agroecosystems
Authors: Teague W. Richard 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWhile modern technology, knowledge, and organization have greatly increased agricultural productivity, there has been insufficient regard for sustainability and overall efficiency. Substantial changes need to be made to current agricultural systems to decrease their negative impacts on humans and natural resources while addressing the goal of meeting global food needs into the future. This paper outlines a framework to improve understanding of how to manage natural resources sustainably by bridging the gap between single‐discipline, reductionist research and effective resource management. This framework entails combining small‐scale reductionist research with complementary whole‐systems research and working in collaboration with those farmers who excel in improving the environment and obtaining superior economic returns. Most current research does not generate knowledge that translates automatically into producing desirable and sustainable results from grazingland ecosystems, especially across managed landscapes or at watershed scales. Leading managers achieve their goals by the way they allocate resources, use different technologies and knowledge, and adaptively change these elements as circumstances warrant. To help managers achieve superior results, integrative and multidisciplinary research needs to be conducted to understand how to achieve ecological, economic, and social goals on managed landscapes. Improving sustainability entails developing and using regenerative agricultural systems to include (i) more efficient use of energy and other inputs, (ii) calculation of the full costs to society of farm practices and inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, (iii) routine life‐cycle analysis and costing, (iv) high levels of management expertise, and (v) high ecosystem biodiversity, function, and resilience.
Workforce Projections 2010–2020: Annual Supply and Demand Forecasting Models for Physical Therapists Across the United States
Authors: Landry Michel D. , Hack Laurita M. , Coulson Elizabeth , Freburger Janet , Johnson Michael P. , Katz Richard , Kerwin Joanne , Smith Megan H. , Wessman Henry C. “Bud” , Venskus Diana G. , Sinnott Patricia L. , Goldstein Marc 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundHealth human resources continue to emerge as a critical health policy issue across the United States.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a strategy for modeling future workforce projections to serve as a basis for analyzing annual supply of and demand for physical therapists across the United States into 2020.DesignA traditional stock-and-flow methodology or model was developed and populated with publicly available data to produce estimates of supply and demand for physical therapists by 2020.MethodsSupply was determined by adding the estimated number of physical therapists and the approximation of new graduates to the number of physical therapists who immigrated, minus US graduates who never passed the licensure examination, and an estimated attrition rate in any given year. Demand was determined by using projected US population with health care insurance multiplied by a demand ratio in any given year. The difference between projected supply and demand represented a shortage or surplus of physical therapists.ResultsThree separate projection models were developed based on best available data in the years 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. Based on these projections, demand for physical therapists in the United States outstrips supply under most assumptions.LimitationsWorkforce projection methodology research is based on assumptions using imperfect data; therefore, the results must be interpreted in terms of overall trends rather than as precise actuarial data–generated absolute numbers from specified forecasting.ConclusionsOutcomes of this projection study provide a foundation for discussion and debate regarding the most effective and efficient ways to influence supply-side variables so as to position physical therapists to meet current and future population demand. Attrition rates or permanent exits out of the profession can have important supply-side effects and appear to have an effect on predicting future shortage or surplus of physical therapists.
Results of delayed follow-up imaging in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Befeler Adam Ross , Gordon William , Khan Nickalus , Fernandez Julius , Muhlbauer Michael Scott , Sorenson Jeffrey Marius 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
There is a paucity of scientific evidence available about the benefits of outpatient follow-up imaging for traumatic brain injury patients. In this study, 1 year of consecutive patients at a Level 1 trauma center were analyzed to determine if there is any benefit to routinely obtaining CT of the head at the outpatient follow-up visit.

METHODS
This single-institution retrospective review was performed on all patients with a traumatic brain injury seen at a Level 1 trauma center in 2013. Demographic data, types of injuries, surgical interventions, radiographic imaging in inpatient and outpatient settings, and outcomes were assessed through a review of the institution’s trauma registry, patient charts, and imaging.

RESULTS
Five hundred twenty-five patients were seen for traumatic brain injury in 2013 at Regional One Health in Memphis, Tennessee. One hundred eighty-five patients (35%) presented for outpatient follow-up, all with CT scans of the head. Seven of these patients (4%) showed worsening of their intracranial injuries on outpatient imaging studies; however, surgical intervention was recommended for only 3 of these patients (2%). All patients requiring an intervention had neurological deterioration prior to their follow-up appointment.

CONCLUSIONS
These experiences suggest that outpatient follow-up imaging for traumatic brain injury should be done selectively, as it was not helpful for patients who did not exhibit worsening of neurological signs or symptoms. Furthermore, routine outpatient imaging results in unnecessary resource utilization and radiation exposure.