bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positioning Disaster Relief Teams Given Dynamic Service Demand: A Hybrid Agent‐Based and Spatial Optimization Approach
Authors: Widener Michael J. , Horner Mark W. , Ma Kunlei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDuring extreme events, like hurricanes, it is essential to position relief services for non‐evacuees throughout the affected region in optimal locations. While previous research has explored a variety of spatial optimization models to accomplish such a task, most work assumes that the population with demand is relatively static. However, this assumption neglects to account for potential feedbacks in the relief distribution system. For example, a population's behavior can both affect and be affected by the placement of relief services, resulting in a dynamic spatial distribution of demand. This article presents a hybrid modeling approach that utilizes GIS data with agent‐based and spatial optimization models to position emergency relief teams in Bay County, Florida during a hurricane event. Non‐evacuating household agents choose to remain at home or seek shelter, while relief team agents are periodically repositioned to account for changes in the spatial distribution of household agents. A total of 220 simulations are run to explore a variety of scenarios. Results show different repositioning timing strategies and the magnitude of the feedback effect drastically changes the level of access households have to relief teams. Ultimately, this work demonstrates the importance of accounting for behavioral and spatial dynamics in disaster relief distribution systems.
Optical Head Alignment Method Using Serial Manipulators for Maskless Lithography System
Authors: Choi Jong Yoon , Park Sae Whan , Inh Yong Seok , Li Zheng Yuan , Koo Ja Choon 
Published: August 2014

As the cost of photo masks for display panel is very high, researchers have been developing maskless lithography using electron beam in this system. However the maskless lithography system has typical drawback in some respects. These issues include productivity, size of the system and cost efficiency. To cope with these problems, take reflectance rate and position of spot array into consideration is required. The lithography technology has been focused on studying both reflectance of light from DMDs (digital micromirror devices) and the position of generated spot array. As the lithography technology has been developed steadily, there exists plenty type of maskless lithography nowadays.
DMD-based optical maskless lithography system is gaining substantial attention from researchers and engineers for its outstanding performance concerning cost efficiency and high throughput. Also, accurate alignment of spot array is on requisition under the condition of micro-unit scale. As a result, the maskless lithography system is faced with the problem relevant to accurate alignment. For instance, the actual alignment of spot array has been done by hand although it has a chance to show deleterious effects on productivity.
In this paper, an alignment algorithm was suggested for the purpose of satisfying generation of accurate alignment of spot array. The algorithm is based on concerning kinematics of maskless lithography system. Thus, the suggested algorithm enable to reducing the error that has been measured from the spot array. Defining spot array error that is fitness function of genetic algorithm is introduced at first. An alignment algorithm that has correlation with kinematics of the optical system and spot array error will be represented in sequence. After that, designing 4 DOF align unit will be covered in kinematics analysis chapter. Finally, designing test bed of optical system using vision sensor and align unit is considered in order to validate the suggested alignment algorithm with experiment.
Weather and soil type affect incidence of fasciolosis in dairy cow herds
Authors: Selemetas N. , Phelan P. , O'Kiely P. , de Waal T. 
Published: August 2014

Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica is generally a subclinical infection of dairy cows and can result in marked economic losses on Irish dairy farms. This study investigated the exposure to F hepatica in 237 dairy cow herds, using an in‐house antibody‐detection ELISA applied to bulk tank milk (BTM) samples collected in the autumn of 2012. A total of 364 BTM samples were collected from 237 different herds, with 127 farmers submitting BTM samples in two consecutive months. Analysis of the BTM samples indicated that 67 per cent (n= 159) of the dairy herds had been exposed to F hepatica. Rainfall, temperature and soil types were significantly different between the exposed and non‐exposed herds (P<0.05), highlighting the role of these variables to the exposure to F hepatica. Among the 127 herds that provided two monthly milk samples, 83 herds were exposed to F hepatica and 82 increased their F hepatica antibody levels at the later sampling time (P<0.01).The findings of this study confirm the high prevalence of F hepatica antibodies in Irish dairy herds and show the rise in antibody levels during autumn. This study is the first step towards assessing the spatiotemporal pattern of fasciolosis in dairy herds in Ireland.
The Impact of Life Domains on Juvenile Offending in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Muftić Lisa R. , Grubb Jonathan A. , Bouffard Leana Allen , Maljević Almir 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: Agnew has proposed an integrative theoretical construct composed of the most influential predictors of crime concentrated within multiple life domains, including the self, family, school, peer, and work. Limited research has explored the impact of life domains on offending. This study presents a partial test of the theory using an international sample. Methods: Nationally representative self-reported data are derived from 1,756 juveniles residing in Bosnia and Herzegovina who participated in wave 2 of the International Self Report Delinquency Study. A series of multivariate models were run to examine the impact life domains have on crime directly and indirectly, as well as looking at interaction effects among the life domains. Results: Data showcased varying levels of support for the life domains. Across bivariate and multivariate models, the most significant positive relationships between offending and the life domains were evident in the self and peer domains, with the school and family domains exhibiting a negative impact on offending. Furthermore, significant interactive and indirect effects were discovered, primarily for the self and peer domains. Conclusions: This research discovered a moderate level of support for life domains contained within Agnew’s integrated theory for offending within an international context.
Stress Ultrasound Evaluation of Medial Elbow Instability in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Ciccotti Michael C. , Hammoud Sommer , Dodson Christopher C. , Cohen Steven B. , Nazarian Levon N. , Ciccotti Michael G. 
Published: August 2014

Background: An injury of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is potentially career threatening for elite overhead-throwing athletes. Stress ultrasonography (SUS) allows for a rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive evaluation of the UCL and elbow joint both at rest and with applied stress. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine the amount of cadaveric elbow valgus gapping with sequential sectioning of medial elbow structures as measured by SUS. It was hypothesized that the greatest increase in ulnohumeral joint gapping would be noted with release of the anterior bundle of the UCL. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Twelve cadaveric elbows were divided into 2 groups and dissected in reverse sequences under the direct supervision of an experienced orthopaedic surgeon. Baseline ultrasound and SUS with applied valgus loads were performed by an experienced radiologist. A valgus load was applied at each sectioning interval using a standardized device. Ulnohumeral joint gapping in millimeters was measured by SUS for each step as the width of the medial joint from the trochlea to the sublime tubercle. The mean increases in joint gapping (Δ) between each step were calculated to quantify the additional gapping achieved with release of each sequential stabilizer. Results: Release of the anterior band of the anterior bundle resulted in a mean Δ of 2.0 mm (95% CI, 1.1-2.8 mm). Release of the posterior band of the anterior bundle resulted in a mean Δ of 1.4 mm (95% CI, 0.6-2.2 mm). Release of the entire anterior bundle caused a mean increase in ulnohumeral valgus joint gapping of 3.4 mm (95% CI, 2.4-4.3 mm). Release of the remaining individual structures each resulted in a mean increase in valgus joint gapping of ≤0.8 mm. Conclusion: The results of the current cadaveric study suggest that different amounts of gapping are seen on SUS with sectioning of the medial elbow stabilizers. The hypothesis was confirmed with release of the anterior bundle of the UCL resulting in the greatest increase in joint gapping as measured by SUS. Clinical Relevance: This study illustrates that SUS can identify the contributions of each anatomic portion of the UCL and the flexor-pronator mass to ulnohumeral joint stability in a cadaveric model.
Anti-C1q antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Orbai A-M , Truedsson L , Sturfelt G , Nived O , Fang H , Alarcón G S , Gordon C , Merrill JT , Fortin P R , Bruce I N , Isenberg D A , Wallace D J , Ramsey-Goldman R , Bae S-C , Hanly J G , Sanchez-Guerrero J , Clarke A E , Aranow C B , Manzi S , Urowitz M B , Gladman D D , Kalunian K C , Costner M I , Werth V P , Zoma A , Bernatsky S , Ruiz-Irastorza G , Khamashta M A , Jacobsen S , Buyon J P , Maddison P , Dooley M A , Van Vollenhoven R F , Ginzler E , Stoll T , Peschken C , Jorizzo J L , Callen J P , Lim S S , Fessler B J , Inanc M , Kamen D L , Rahman A , Steinsson K , Franks A G , Sigler L , Hameed S , Pham N , Brey R , Weisman M H , McGwin G , Magder L S , Petri M 
Published: August 2014

Objective Anti-C1q has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis in previous studies. We studied anti-C1q specificity for SLE (vs rheumatic disease controls) and the association with SLE manifestations in an international multicenter study. Methods Information and blood samples were obtained in a cross-sectional study from patients with SLE ( n = 308) and other rheumatologic diseases ( n = 389) from 25 clinical sites (84% female, 68% Caucasian, 17% African descent, 8% Asian, 7% other). IgG anti-C1q against the collagen-like region was measured by ELISA. Results Prevalence of anti-C1q was 28% (86/308) in patients with SLE and 13% (49/389) in controls (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8–4, p < 0.001). Anti-C1q was associated with proteinuria (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7–5.1, p < 0.001), red cell casts (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.4, p = 0.015), anti-dsDNA (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.9–6.1, p < 0.001) and anti-Smith (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5–5.0, p = 0.01). Anti-C1q was independently associated with renal involvement after adjustment for demographics, ANA, anti-dsDNA and low complement (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3–4.2, p < 0.01). Simultaneously positive anti-C1q, anti-dsDNA and low complement was strongly associated with renal involvement (OR = 14.9, 95% CI: 5.8–38.4, p < 0.01). Conclusions Anti-C1q was more common in patients with SLE and those of Asian race/ethnicity. We confirmed a significant association of anti-C1q with renal involvement, independent of demographics and other serologies. Anti-C1q in combination with anti-dsDNA and low complement was the strongest serological association with renal involvement. These data support the usefulness of anti-C1q in SLE, especially in lupus nephritis.
Extensively Expanded Auricular Chondrocytes Form Neocartilage In Vivo
Authors: Tseng Alan , Pomerantseva Irina , Cronce Michael J. , Kimura Anya M. , Neville Craig M. , Randolph Mark A. , Vacanti Joseph P. , Sundback Cathryn A. 
Published: August 2014

Objective Our goal was to engineer cartilage in vivo using auricular chondrocytes that underwent clinically relevant expansion and using methodologies that could be easily translated into health care practice. Design Sheep and human chondrocytes were isolated from auricular cartilage biopsies and expanded in vitro. To reverse dedifferentiation, expanded cells were either mixed with cryopreserved P0 chondrocytes at the time of seeding onto porous collagen scaffolds or proliferated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). After 2-week in vitro incubation, seeded scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice for 6 weeks. The neocartilage quality was evaluated histologically; DNA and glycosaminoglycans were quantified. Cell proliferation rates and collagen gene expression profiles were assessed. Results Clinically sufficient over 500-fold chondrocyte expansion was achieved at passage 3 (P3); cell dedifferentiation was confirmed by the simultaneous COL1A1/3A1 gene upregulation and COL2A1 downregulation. The chondrogenic phenotype of sheep but not human P3 cells was rescued by addition of cryopreserved P0 chondrocytes. With bFGF supplementation, chondrocytes achieved clinically sufficient expansion at P2; COL2A1 expression was not rescued but COL1A1/3A1genes were downregulated. Although bFGF failed to rescue COL2A1 expression during chondrocyte expansion in vitro, elastic neocartilage with obvious collagen II expression was observed on porous collagen scaffolds after implantation in mice for 6 weeks. Conclusions Both animal and human auricular chondrocytes expanded with low-concentration bFGF supplementation formed high-quality elastic neocartilage on porous collagen scaffolds in vivo.
Influence of lattice thermal conductivity on thermal convection with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity
Authors: Yanagawa Tomohiko K. B. , Nakada Masao , Yuen David A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
To examine the effects of temperature-dependent lattice thermal conductivity (lattice-k) on the thermal convection with a temperature-dependent viscous fluid, particularly on the upper thermal boundary layer, we have studied numerically 2-D thermal convective flows with both constant thermal conductivity (constant-k) and lattice-k models. Numerical experiments with large viscosity contrasts, greater than a million, produce a cooler and thinner upper thermal boundary layer for the lattice-k compared with those for the constant-k, implying that thermal convection with lattice-k produces a much sharper boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The differences between the constant-k and lattice-k can be reasonably explained by the following two causes: (i) the decreasing lattice-k with depth increases an effective Rayleigh number around the bottom of the thermal boundary layer, and (ii) the distribution of lattice-k and uniform vertical heat flux within the thermal boundary layer determine the temperature distribution. The predicted sharper boundary, i.e. sharper vertical viscosity gradient near the bottom of the lithosphere, may play an important role on controlling the amount of lithospheric deformation associated with the downwelling.
The terdiurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over Wuhan (30°N, 114°E)
Authors: Zhao Guangxin , Liu Libo , Ning Baiqi , Wan Weixing , Xiong Jiangang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Winds measured by an all-sky meteor radar have been used to investigate the terdiurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region overWuhan (30.6°N, 114.4°E). We present a climatology of the terdiurnal tide at low-mid latitude site during the period of April 2002 to December 2004. The terdiurnal peak is distinct in the long-term power spectrum of the wind. The monthly and seasonal mean maximum amplitudes have values of 7 m/s and 5 m/s, respectively. The short-term amplitudes can occasionally reach up to 30 m/s, and at times the terdiurnal tide is as large as the diurnal and semidiurnal ones. It seems that the meridional component is more regular than the zonal one. An obvious annual variation is observed in the meridional phases with a phase leading in winter than that in summer. The annual variation for the terdiurnal tidal amplitude is not obvious, and is variable from year to year in our observations. This seasonal trend is slightly different from earlier studies at other locations.
Multi-fault system of the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake and its aftershocks
Authors: Sakai Shin’ichi , Hirata Naoshi , Kato Aitaro , Kurashimo Eiji , Iwasaki Takaya , Kanazawa Toshihiko 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A seismic network was deployed the day after the main shock of the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake to determine the major source faults responsible for the main shock and large aftershocks. Using the high-resolution seismic data for five days, three major source faults were identified: two parallel faults dipping steeply to the west located 5 km apart, and another dipping eastward and oriented perpendicular to the west-dipping faults. Strong lateral changes in the velocity of the source area resulted in the locations of the epicenters determined in this study being located approximately 4.3 km west-north-west of those reported by the JMA routine catalogue. The strong heterogeneity of the crust is related to the complex geological and tectonic evolution of the area and therefore the relatively large aftershocks followed around the main shock. This is considered to be responsible for the prominent aftershock activity following the 2004 Niigata event.
Shear-induced material transfer across the core-mantle boundary aided by the post-perovskite phase transition
Authors: Petford Nick , Yuen Dave , Rushmer Tracy , Brodholt John , Stackhouse Stephen 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present a novel mechanical model for the extraction of outer core material upwards across the CMB into the mantle side region of D” and subsequent interaction with the post-perovskite (ppv) phase transition. A strong requirement of the model is that the D” region behaves as a poro-viscoelastic granular material with dilatant properties. Using new ab-initio estimates of the ppv shear modulus, we show how shear-enhanced dilation promoted by downwelling mantle sets up an instability that drives local fluid flow. If loading rates locally exceed c. 10−12 s−1, calculated core metal upwelling rates are >10−4 m/s, far in excess of previous estimates based on static percolation or capillary flow. Associated mass flux rates are sufficient to deliver 0.5% outer core mass to D” in < 106 yr, provided the minimum required loading rate is maintained. Core metal transported upwards into D” may cause local rapid changes in electrical and thermal conductivity and rheology that if preserved, may account for some of the observed small wavelength heterogeneties (e.g. PKP scattering) there.
Can we estimate total magnetization directions from aeromagnetic data using Helbig’s integrals?
Authors: Phillips Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An algorithm that implements Helbig’s (1963) integrals for estimating the vector components (m
x, m
y, m
z) of the magnetic dipole moment from the first order moments of the vector magnetic field components (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) is tested on real and synthetic data. After a grid of total field aeromagnetic data is converted to vector component grids using Fourier filtering, Helbig’s infinite integrals are evaluated as finite integrals in small moving windows using a quadrature algorithm based on the 2-D trapezoidal rule. Prior to integration, best-fit planar surfaces must be removed from the component data within the data windows in order to make the results independent of the coordinate system origin. Two different approaches are described for interpreting the results of the integration. In the “direct” method, results from pairs of different window sizes are compared to identify grid nodes where the angular difference between solutions is small. These solutions provide valid estimates of total magnetization directions for compact sources such as spheres or dipoles, but not for horizontally elongated or 2-D sources. In the “indirect” method, which is more forgiving of source geometry, results of the quadrature analysis are scanned for solutions that are parallel to a specified total magnetization direction.
Izu detachment hypothesis: A proposal of a unified cause for the Miyake-Kozu event and the Tokai slow event
Authors: Seno Tetsuzo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Based on the fact that interseismic deformation of collision zones is generally described by slip along a detachment at depth, I attempt to interpret the deformation of the Izu collision zone in terms of a detachment model. The systematic deviation of the GPS velocities of the Izu Peninsula (Nov. 1998–June 2000) from the Philippine Sea-Eurasian relative plate motions is fitted by the slip on the detachment at a depth of 15–20 km with a rate of 3 cm/yr. On June 26, 2000, seismo-magmatic activity that started near Miyakejima expanded NW by 20 km close to Kozushima in association with dike intrusion over a few months. The horizontal movements associated with this event, however, spread over wide areas in central Honshu. Simple dike intrusion models cannot explain these movements. To explain these, I hypothesize that a 20 cm of rapid slip occurred on the detachment at the time of this event. The abnormal crustal movements in the Tokai-central Honshu-Kanto region then started after the event. I propose that they represent delayed diffusive transfer of the slip on the detachment over surrounding low viscosity layers, such as nearby rupture zones of great earthquakes.
Ionospheric and induced field leakage in geomagnetic field models, and derivation of candidate models for DGRF 1995 and DGRF 2000
Authors: Olsen Nils , Lowes Frank , Sabaka Terence J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
As part of the 9th generation of the IGRF defined by IAGA, we proposed a candidate model for DGRF 1995 and two candidate models for DGRF 2000. These candidate models, the derivation of which is described in the present note, are based on the “Comprehensive Model, Version 4 (CM4)”, and on the “Ørsted Main and Secular Variation Model (OSVM)”; two parent models that have been published elsewhere (Olsen, 2002; Sabaka et al., 2004; Lowes and Olsen, 2004). However, the main field part of OSVM is contaminated by “leakage” of the ionospheric field and its induced counterpart, which affects mainly the zonal coefficients g
1
0
, g
3
0
, …, by 1–2 nT. We describe the reason for this contamination, and present a method to correct for it. Since not only OSVM, but probably all main field models that are derived primarily from data around local midnight suffer from this effect, the presented scheme can also be applied to approximately correct these models.
Coseismic and postseismic surface displacements of the 10 December 2003 (MW 6.5) Chengkung, eastern Taiwan, earthquake
Authors: Chen Horng-Yue , Yu Shui-Beih , Kuo Long-Chen , Liu Chi-Ching 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The MW 6.5 Chengkung earthquake occurred in eastern Taiwan at 04:38 UTC on 10 December 2003. The GPS data from eighteen continuously recording stations (CORS) and 86 campaign-surveyed stations (CSS) collected 18 days to 9 months before and 6 days to 4 months after the main shock are utilized to analyze the coseismic and postseismic deformation associated with the Chengkung earthquake. The earthquake resulted from rupturing of the Chihshang fault, a 25-km-long segment of the Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF). The coseismic horizontal displacements in the hanging wall showed a fan-shape distribution with vectors towards the west. On the other hand, the movements of the revealed a mirror fan-shape with relatively lesser amounts of displacement. The largest coseismic displacement, which reached 126 mm and 263 mm in the horizontal and vertical components, occurred near the epicenter area in the hanging wall. The largest postseismic displacements in 109 days, which approached 59 mm and 68 mm in the horizontal and vertical components, occurred near the surface trace of the Chihshang fault (TAPO) and near the epicenter area (CHEN), respectively. The stations near the Chihshang fault indicated a more significant postseismic displacement than coseismic one.