bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights on transcriptional responses of genes involved in carbon central metabolism, respiration and fermentation to low ATP levels in Escherichia coli
Authors: Soria Sandra , de Anda Ramón , Flores Noemí , Romero‐Garcia Susana , Gosset Guillermo , Bolívar Francisco , Báez‐Viveros José Luis 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAdenosine‐5‐triphosphate (ATP) plays a fundamental role in many cellular processes such as transport, central carbon metabolism, biosynthetic reactions, macromolecular synthesis, signal transduction and cellular division. In addition, the intracellular [ATP]/[ADP] ratio in Escherichia coli plays an important role in controlling the specific rates of growth (µ), glucose consumption (qGlc) and oxygen uptake (qO2), as well as the transcriptome pattern in the cell, as was recently reported. In the current study, the energetic level (expressed as [ATP]/[ADP] ratio) was substantially reduced in E. coli strains by either over‐expressing the F1‐ATPase activity (JMAGD+) or inactivating ATP synthase (JMat−). The physiological characterization of the wild‐type JM101 strain and its derivative JMAGD+ and JMatp− strains was conducted in bioreactors containing minimal medium with glucose. The inactivation of the atp operon and F1‐ATPase overexpression significantly diminished the energetic level and cAMP concentration in derivative strains. Relative transcription levels of 105 genes involved in glucose transport, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fermentation, respiration, transcriptional regulators, transcription and genes involved in stress were determined by using qPCR. Interestingly, in the JMAGD+ and JMatp− strains, having a reduced energetic level, many transcripts of glycolysis, TCA cycle and respiratory genes were down‐regulated when compared to wild type JM101. The transcriptional responses, detected in the strains with reduced energetic level show down‐regulation of genes involved in central carbon metabolism and respiration, these results are apposite to the observed trends of increased metabolic fluxes in glucose consumption, glycolysis, acetate synthesis, TCA cycle and respiration. Regulation mediated by CRP‐cAMP complex may explain some observed transcriptional responses of TCA cycle genes, since cAMP concentration and crp transcript level were significant reduced in the JMatp− mutant. Therefore, the substantial reduction of [ATP]/[ADP] ratio had a relevant effect on the CRP‐cAMP regulatory system (among other global regulators), which may trigger an extensive transcriptional response.
Efficacy of root‐associated fungi and PGPR on the growth of Pisum sativum (cv. Arkil) and reproduction of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Akhtar Mohd. Sayeed , Panwar Jitendra 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe effects of root‐associated fungi (Aspergillus awamori and Glomus mosseae) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Paenibacillus polymyxa) were studied alone and in combination in glasshouse experiments on the growth of pea, enzyme activity (peroxidase and catalase) and reproduction of root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Application of A. awamori, G. mosseae and PGPR caused a significant increase in pea growth and enzyme activities of both nematode inoculated and uninoculated plants. A. awamori was more effective in reducing galling and improving the growth of nematode inoculated plants than P. alcaligenes or P. polymyxa. The greatest increase in growth, enzyme activities of nematode‐inoculated plants and reduction in galling and nematode multiplication was observed when A. awamori was used with P. putida or G. mosseae as compared to the other combinations tested. Percentage root colonization was higher when AM fungus inoculated plants were treated with P. putida both in presence and absence of nematode.
Microbial volatile organic compounds in moldy interiors: A long‐term climate chamber study
Authors: Schuchardt Sven , Strube Andrea 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe present study simulated large‐scale indoor mold damage in order to test the efficiency of air sampling for the detection of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). To do this, a wallpaper damaged by condensation was stored in a climate chamber (representing a hypothetical test room of 40 m3 volume) and was inoculated with 14 typical indoor fungal strains. The chamber ventilation conditions were adjusted to common values found in moldy homes, and the mold growth was allowed to continue to higher than average values. The MVOC content of the chamber air was analyzed daily for a period of 105 days using coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). This procedure guarantees MVOC profiling without external factors such as outdoor air, building materials, furniture, and occupants. However, only nine MVOCs could be detected during the sampling period, which indicates that the very low concentrated MVOCs are hardly accessible, even under these favorable conditions. Furthermore, most of the MVOCs that were detected cannot be considered as reliable indicators of mold growth in indoor environments.
Sequential radiofrequency ablation and surgical debulking for unresectable colorectal carcinoma: Thermo‐surgical ablation
Authors: Ripley R. Taylor , Gajdos Csaba , Reppert Amy E. , MacDermott Tracey , McCarter Martin D. , Pearlman Nathan W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite decreasing frequency, local recurrences of unresectable colorectal cancer (CRC) remain difficult problems. These patients have few treatment options with conventional therapy. Preliminary results of sequential radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and surgical debulking (thermo‐surgical ablation) suggest this technique may have benefit.MethodsWe reviewed a prospective database of patients undergoing thermo‐surgical ablation for unresectable colorectal carcinoma from 2003 to 2011.ResultsSixteen patients were treated with unresectable, recurrent abdomino‐pelvic colorectal carcinoma: 11 in pelvis; 4 with isolated aortic/retroperitoneal disease; and 1 with pelvic and peri‐adrenal/retroperitoneal disease. Eleven patients had recurrent rectal cancer and five had recurrent colon cancer.Median overall and 3‐year actuarial survivals were 15 months and 24%, respectively. Median and 3‐year PFS was 12 months and 19%, respectively. Three patients without disease have survived 0.75, 4.0, and 7.0 years. Two patients died at 5.0 and 5.5 years. A disease‐free interval (DFI) of >24 months after initial resection was associated with longer overall survival (60 months vs. 4 months; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThermo‐surgical debulking appears to have a role in the treatment of some patients with recurrent, unresectable CRC; those patients with DFI >24 months after initial surgery benefited the most. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:144–147. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RAF‐targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the regenerating liver
Authors: Shi Ji‐Hua , Liu Shu‐Zheng , Wierød Lene , Scholz Hanne , Anmarkrud Jarl Andreas , Huitfeldt Henrik S. , Zhang Shui‐Jun , Line Pål‐Dag 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative liver regeneration may contribute to tumor recurrence. There is a theoretical need for an adjuvant therapy that can suppress tumor growth without adversely affecting post‐operative liver regeneration.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of RAF inhibitor Sorafenib on cell viability and proliferation of hepatoma cells and hepatocytes in vitro and in an in vivo rat model.MethodsCell viability, DNA synthesis, and RAF/MAPK kinase activity in the primary hepatocyte and hepatoma cell lines were investigated after Sorafenib exposure. Sequence analysis of the B‐RAF gene in hepatic cells was determined. Tumor markers were compared within the rats after 70% hepatectomy with or without daily oral gavages of Sorafenib. Liver regeneration was assessed by liver function tests and proliferation markers.ResultsPrimary hepatocytes showed higher cell viability, proliferation rate, and stronger RAF/MAPK kinase activity compared with hepatoma cell lines. The in vivo tumor volumes, size, and metastases were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) whereas no significant change in liver regeneration related to Sorafenib exposure was found (P > 0.05). B‐RAF V600E mutation was not detected neither in the hepatic cells nor untransformed hepatocytes.ConclusionsThe RAF targeted inhibitor can reduce tumor growth without retarding liver regeneration in this experiment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:393–401. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐existence of cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression is a poor prognostic factor for UICC stage I–III colorectal cancer patients after curative resection
Authors: Tsai Hsiang‐Lin , Yeh Yung‐Sung , Chang Yu‐Tang , Yang I‐Ping , Lin Chih‐Hung , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Juo Suh‐Hang , Wang Jaw‐Yuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundAngiogenesis plays an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies have indicated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the predominant angiogenic factor. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) induces production of VEGF and is required for migration of blood vessels. Our aim was to determine the roles of CCND1 and VEGF overexpression in CRC patients.MethodsWe analyzed clinicopathological features, VEGF and CCND1 expressions by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in 100 stage I–III CRC patients (44 were postoperative relapsed; 56 were postoperative non‐relapsed) to determine the correlation between clinicopathologic features and co‐existence of CCND1 and VEGF. Furthermore, the clinical outcomes of co‐existence of CCND1 and VEGF were investigated.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed vascular invasion (P = 0.019), VEGF overexpression (P = 0.033), and high postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (P = 0.022) were independent predictors of postoperative relapse. Co‐existence of CCND1 and VEGF overexpression had significantly poorer disease‐free survival rates (P = 0.004) and overall survival rates (P = 0.001) than other phenotypes.ConclusionsCo‐existence of CCND1 and VEGF overexpression would potentially assist in TNM staging systems to predict the prognosis of these patients who would benefit from intensive follow‐up and therapeutic programs. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:148–154. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hibernal thermal ecology of eastern box turtles within a managed forest landscape
Authors: Currylow Andrea F. , Macgowan Brian J. , Williams Rod N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBox turtles are being extirpated from much of their former range and remaining populations often live in association with anthropogenically altered habitats. This is particularly evident at the northern distributional limit of eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) and is an important factor to consider during the winter months when their ability to respond to microclimatic change is limited. Using temperature dataloggers, we studied the hibernal microclimate of box turtles and associated habitat following timber harvests. We monitored the body temperatures of 38 eastern box turtles and collected detailed air and soil profile temperatures of 12 box turtle hibernacula, 6 clearcuts, and 6 adjacent forested areas during the hibernal season (winter 2009–2010). We partitioned the hibernal season into 2 biologically significant thermal periods: hibernation and emergence. The mean hibernation body temperature averaged (3.28° C, SE = 0.09) and corresponded to an average depth of 10 cm. Clearcuts were consistently colder (${\bar {x}}$ = 1.91° C) than forests (${\bar {x}}$ = 2.68° C) and hibernacula (${\bar {x}}$ = 2.77° C) during hibernation, but became the warmest areas during emergence (${\bar {x}}$ = 9.96° C). We found that in the average clearcut, turtles could burrow to approximately 20 cm to attain the average hibernation body temperature or to approximately 15 cm to attain a body temperature no different than those overwintering on colder, northeast‐facing slopes in the forest (${\bar {x}}$ = 2.83° C). Alternatively, we found that southwest‐facing slopes were warmer and if turtles chose to overwinter only in clearcuts on those slopes, they could remain shallower. All but 1 turtle overwintered in forested areas; however, our study suggests that some timber harvested areas offer various microhabitats exploitable by hibernating box turtles based on soil profile temperatures, slope aspect, and depth of hibernation. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The Language Detective: A Course for Young Linguists
Authors: Clark Billy , Trousdale Graeme 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article reports on a residential course, held at the Villiers Park Educational Trust centre in Foxton, Cambridgeshire, which introduces linguistics to students who are in their final two years of school education. Both students and tutors find the course challenging and fun. Students find the experience of developing their own linguistic investigations hugely rewarding. This is clearly indicated in feedback questionnaires and informal discussion at the end of the course. Feedback regularly shows over 95% of responses in the most positive (‘excellent’) category. Tutors find out more about their subject and about the interests and abilities of students at this level. This is, of course, interesting to any teacher for its own sake. We also have a particular interest in developing activities which make connections between linguistics and language study at school and in higher education.
Highly Enhanced Accelerating Effect of Melt‐Recrystallized Stereocomplex Crystallites on Poly(L‐lactic acid) Crystallization, 2–Effects of Poly(D‐lactic acid) Concentration
Authors: Narita Junichi , Katagiri Mikio , Tsuji Hideto 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe effects of varying concentrations of incorporated PDLA on the acceleration of PLLA homo‐crystallization due to stereocomplex (SC) crystallite formation are investigated in PLLA films doped with PDLA over the wide concentration range of 1–10 wt%. PLLA homo‐crystallization is accelerated for all the PDLA concentrations when the processing temperature Tp is just above the endset melting temperature of the SC crystallites (Tp = 226–238 °C), although the appropriate Tp range becomes narrow at low concentrations of PDLA. The accelerating effects of SC crystallites depend on the SC crystalline thickness and the interaction between the SC crystalline regions and PLLA amorphous regions for Tps below and above the melting peak temperature of the SC crystallites, respectively. magnified image
Sham surgery controls in Parkinson's disease clinical trials: Views of participants
Authors: Kim Scott Y.H. , De Vries Raymond , Holloway Robert G. , Wilson Renee , Parnami Sonali , Kim H. Myra , Frank Samuel , Kieburtz Karl 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:Sham surgery controls are increasingly used in neurosurgical clinical trials in Parkinson's disease (PD) but remain controversial. We interviewed participants of such trials, specifically examining their understanding and attitudes regarding sham surgery.Methods:We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with participants of 3 sham surgery–controlled trials for PD, focusing on their understanding of sham design, their reactions to it, its impact on decision making, and their understanding of posttrial availability of the experimental intervention and its impact on decisions to participate.Results:All subjects (n = 90) understood the 2‐arm design; most (86%) described the procedural differences between the arms accurately. Ninety‐two percent referred to scientific or regulatory reasons as rationales for the sham control, with 62% specifically referring to the placebo effect. Ninety‐one percent said posttrial availability of the experimental intervention had a strong (48%) or some (43%) influence on their decision to participate, but only 68% understood the conditions for posttrial availability.Conclusions:Most subjects in sham surgery–controlled PD trials comprehend the sham surgery design and its rationale. Although there is room for improvement, most subjects of sham surgery trials appear to be adequately informed. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Structural Basis of Amino Pyrimidine Derivatives for Inhibitory Activity of PKC‐θ: 3D‐QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Silakari Om , Chand Sukhvir , Bahia Malkeet Singh 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn the present study, 3D‐QSAR analysis was performed on a set of 56 amino pyrimidine PKC‐θ inhibitors utilizing docking based alignment. The best 3D‐QSAR model exhibited the highest value of Q2 (0.825) and also displayed high values of R2 (0.937), F (184.600) and low SD (0.240). The selected model was validated by determining the Pearson‐r (0.915) for test set molecules. Docking simulation was carried out to explore the binding interactions of the molecules with active site amino acid residues of the receptor and subsequently to validate the generated 3D‐QSAR model. The results of 3D‐QSAR and docking analysis exerted complementary fit that strengthen the stability and reliability of the generated model. Therefore, the combined study of 3D‐QSAR and docking analysis may successfully be used for the rational designing of new potent congeners.
A new design of small square monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth by using cross‐shaped slot and conductor‐backed plane
Authors: Siahkal‐Mahalle Behrang Hadian , Ojaroudi Nasser , Ojaroudi Mohammad 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe present a novel printed monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications. The proposed antenna consists of a square radiating patch and a ground plane with cross‐shaped slot and conductor‐backed plane, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 130% (3.06–12.87 GHz). By cutting a modified cross‐shaped slot with variable dimensions on the ground plane and also by inserting cross‐shaped conductor‐backed plane, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band. The designed antenna has a small size of 12 × 18 mm2. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB frequency range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2656–2659, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27138
Gas flow in anisotropic claystone: modelling triaxial experiments
Authors: Arnedo D. , Alonso E. E. , Olivella S. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYSelected gas pulse tests on initially saturated claystone samples under isotropic confinement pressure are simulated using a 3D thermo‐hydro‐mechanical code. The constitutive model considers the hydro‐mechanical anisotropy of argillaceous rocks. A cross‐anisotropic linear elastic law is adopted for the mechanical behaviour. Elements for a proper modelling of gas flow along preferential paths include an embedded fracture permeability model. Rock permeability and its retention curve depend on strains through a fracture aperture. The hydraulic and mechanical behaviours have a common anisotropic structure. Small‐scale heterogeneity is considered to enhance the initiation of flow through preferential paths, following the direction of the bedding planes. The numerical simulations were performed considering two different bedding orientations, parallel and normal to the imposed flow in the test. Simulations are in agreement with recorded upstream and downstream pressures in the tests. The evolution of fluid pressures, degree of saturation, element permeability and stress paths are presented for each case analysed. This information provides a good insight into the mechanisms of gas transport. Different flow patterns are obtained depending on bedding orientation, and the results provide an explanation for the results obtained in the tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale fatigue life prediction model for heterogeneous materials
Authors: Fish Jacob , Bailakanavar Mahesh , Powers Lynn , Cook Thomas 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYA multiscale fatigue life prediction model is developed for heterogeneous materials. The proposed model combines a two‐scale asymptotic homogenization approach in time with a ‘block cycle jump’ technique into a unified temporal multiscale framework that can be effectively utilized for arbitrary material architectures and constitutive equations of microphases. The unified temporal multiscale approach in combination with a spatial multiscale approach based on the reduced order homogenization is characterized for high temperature ceramic matrix composites. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical Properties of Smokeless Composite Rocket Propellants Based on Prilled Ammonium Dinitramide
Authors: Landsem Eva , Jensen Tomas L. , Hansen Finn K. , Unneberg Erik , Kristensen Tor E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAmmonium dinitramide (ADN) is a high performance solid oxidizer of interest for use in high impulse and smokeless composite rocket propellant formulations. While rocket propellants based on ADN may be both efficient, clean burning, and environmentally benign, ADN suffers from several notable disadvantages such as pronounced hygroscopicity, significant impact and friction sensitivity, moderate thermal instability, and numerous compatibility issues. Prilled ADN is now a commercially available and convenient product that addresses some of these disadvantages by lowering the specific surface area and thereby improving handling, processing, and stability. In this work, we report the preparation, friction and impact sensitivity and mechanical properties of several smokeless propellant formulations based on prilled ADN and isocyanate cured and plasticized glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) or polycaprolactone‐polyether. We found such propellants to have very poor mechanical properties in unmodified form and to display somewhat unreliable curing. However, by incorporation of octogen (HMX) and a neutral polymeric bonding agent (NPBA), the mechanical properties of such smokeless formulations were significantly improved. Impact and friction sensitivities of these propellants compare satisfactorily with conventional propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP) and inert binder systems.
Modification of metal–organic interface using F4‐TCNQ for enhanced hole injection properties in optoelectronic devices
Authors: Rana O. , Srivastava R. , Chauhan G. , Zulfequar M. , Husain M. , Srivastava P. C. , Kamalasanan M. N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIncorporation of thin layers of tetrafluro‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ) has been found to modify the work functions of a number of substrates. Surface potential measurement using Kelvin probe method (KPM) has been used to monitor the change in work function of the modified substrates. The results support the integer charge transfer model by which the Fermi levels of the substrates are aligned with the negative polaron states of F4‐TCNQ. Further, we found that the work function of the substrates increases with increase in F4‐TCNQ thickness from 0 to 7 nm and then saturates for further increase in thickness. The variation in work function has been attributed to the low surface coverage of F4‐TCNQ islands on the substrates. The ITO and Au substrates with increased work functions were used as the electrode for hole only devices of common hole transport materials. The hole injection property has been found to increase with increase in F4‐TCNQ thickness and for ITO surface modified with 7 nm F4‐TCNQ layer, ohmic conduction has been achieved for HTLs with HOMO level up to 5.4 eV. When these modified substrates were used as hole injecting contacts in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), they gave substantially higher electroluminance, power efficiency and lower operating voltages.