bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crisis plans in a home treatment team before and after a quality improvement programme
Authors: Tan Emily , Higginbotham Andrew , McQueen Lorette , Bhui Kamaldeep 
Published: September 2012

Aims and methodTo measure the take-up of formal crisis plans in a specialist home treatment team (HTT) serving an ethnically diverse urban population; and to implement a quality improvement programme and measure its impact on crisis plan completion. Two audits were completed of patients before and after the implementation of a quality improvement programme. Descriptive data are shown by ethnic group, by gender, and for people with multiple hospital admissions.ResultsAt baseline, 16.7% of patients at high risk of admission had an HTT crisis plan, compared with 26.7% of a comparison group. Only 23.1% of the crisis plans for patients with a history of frequent admission mentioned the prevention of future admissions. Crisis plan completion improved following the quality improvement programme, when 80.0% of discharges had an HTT crisis plan; of these, 73.0% mentioned admission prevention. In the follow-up audit, 22.7% of patients in the multiple admission group had been readmitted to hospital at least once. Crisis plan completion did not appear to differ by ethnic group or gender and did not appear to be related to hospital readmission.Clinical implicationsCrisis plan completion improved with simple practical methods, but completion was unrelated to gender, ethnicity or later readmission.
Attitudes of medical students in Ireland towards psychiatry: comparison of students from 1994 and 2010
Authors: O'Connor K. , O'Loughlin K. , Somers C. , Wilson L. , Pillay D. , Brennan D. , Clarke M. , Guerandel A. , Casey P. , Malone K. , Lane A. 
Published: September 2012

Aims and methodWe assess and compare: (a) the attitudes of final-year medical students in 2010 to their 1994 counterparts; (b) the attitudes of third-year medical students with those of their final-year colleagues; (c) the impact of two different teaching modules on students' attitudes. All students completing the year 3 psychiatry preclinical module and the final-year clinical clerkship were asked to anonymously complete three well-validated attitudinal questionnaires on the first and final day of their module in psychiatry.ResultsThese data indicate that Irish medical students have a positive attitude to psychiatry even prior to the start of their clinical training in psychiatry. This attitude is significantly more positive now than it was in 1994. A positive attitudinal change was brought about only by the final-year psychiatric clerkship. Students who have completed a degree prior to medicine are less likely to express an interest in a career in psychiatry.Clinical implicationsIf we are to address the recruitment difficulties in psychiatry we need to look at innovative and specific ways of translating these positive attitudes into careers in psychiatry.
Joint interpretation of AER/FGF and ZPA/SHH over time and space underlies hairy2 expression in the chick limb
Authors: Sheeba Caroline J. , Andrade Raquel P. , Palmeirim Isabel 
Published: September 2012

Summary
Embryo development requires precise orchestration of cell proliferation and differentiation in both time and space. A molecular clock operating through gene expression oscillations was first described in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) underlying periodic somite formation. Cycles of HES gene expression have been further identified in other progenitor cells, including the chick distal limb mesenchyme, embryonic neural progenitors and both mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells. In the limb, hairy2 is expressed in the distal mesenchyme, adjacent to the FGF source (AER) and along the ZPA-derived SHH gradient, the two major regulators of limb development. Here we report that hairy2 expression depends on joint AER/FGF and ZPA/SHH signaling. FGF plays an instructive role on hairy2, mediated by Erk and Akt pathway activation, while SHH acts by creating a permissive state defined by Gli3-A/Gli3-R&gt;1. Moreover, we show that AER/FGF and ZPA/SHH present distinct temporal and spatial signaling properties in the distal limb mesenchyme: SHH acts at a long-term, long-range on hairy2, while FGF has a short-term, short-range action. Our work establishes limb hairy2 expression as an output of integrated FGF and SHH signaling in time and space, providing novel clues for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying HES oscillations in multiple systems, including embryonic stem cell pluripotency.
The doublecortin-related genezyg-8is a microtubule organizer inCaenorhabditis elegansneurons
Authors: Bellanger Jean-Michel , Cueva Juan G. , Baran Renee , Tang Garland , Goodman Miriam B. , Debant Anne 
Published: September 2012

Doublecortin-domain containing (DCDC) genes play key roles in the normal and pathological development of the human brain cortex. The origin of the cellular specialization and the functional redundancy of these microtubule (MT)-associated proteins (MAPs), especially those of Doublecortin (DCX) and Doublecortin-like kinase (DCLKs) genes, is still unclear. The DCX domain displays the ability to control MT architecture and bundling. However, the physiological significance of such properties is not fully understood. To address these issues, we sought post-mitotic roles of zyg-8, the sole representative of the DCX-DCLK subfamily of genes in C. elegans. Previously, zyg-8 has been shown to control anaphase-spindle positioning in one-cell stage embryos, but functions of the gene later in development have not been investigated.Here we show that wild-type zyg-8 is required beyond early embryonic divisions for proper development, spontaneous locomotion and touch sensitivity of adult worms. Consistently, we find zyg-8 expression in the six touch receptor neurons (TRNs), as well as in a subset of other neuronal and non neuronal cells. In TRNs and motoneurons, zyg-8 controls cell body shape/polarity and process outgrowth and morphology. Ultrastructural analysis of mutant animals reveals that zyg-8 promotes structural integrity, length and number of individual MTs, as well as their bundled organization in TRNs, with no impact on MT architecture.
On the Effects of Changing Gaussian Program Version and SCRF Defining Parameters: Isopropylamine as a Case Study
Authors: Amado Ana M , Fiuza Sónia M , Batista de Carvalho Luis A E , Ribeiro-Claro Paulo J A 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The present study reports a performance evaluation of the new Gaussian program version G09 relatively to the previous one in what concerns the SCRF formalism. The potential improvements achieved by changing program version and other SCRF defining parameters (like radii and SCRF models) were evaluated, by comparing the predicted values of several molecular properties with the corresponding experimental values reported in the literature. The relevance of the dispersion effects in the prediction of those molecular properties was inferred by considering the G09 newly implemented B97D DFT. On the whole, the results showed that the precision achieved in the molecular properties prediction is strongly dependent on the choice of the computation defining parameters. Moreover, direct comparisons between results obtained using either G03 or G09 require precaution.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the C1–C16 Fragment of Goniodomin A
Authors: Nakajima Motohiro , Fuwa Haruhiko , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of the C1–C16 fragment of the antifungal marine polyether macrolide goniodomin A is described. A Stille-type coupling of organostannanes and thioesters was exploited as the key carbon–carbon bond-forming process, namely for the formation of the C7–C8 and C11–C12 bonds. Construction of the spiroacetal domain via acid-catalyzed acetalization of a triol-enone 30 unexpectedly provided a mixture of natural 11S spiroacetal 2, unnatural 11R spiroacetal 32, and constitutional isomer 33. Fortunately, it was eventually found that protection of the C5 hydroxy group as its acetate facilitated the isolation of natural 11S isomer 47 via acid-catalyzed equilibration of unnatural 11R isomer 48 and avoided the formation of a constitutional isomer, thereby increasing the efficacy of the spiroacetalization process.
Verteiltparametrische Modellierung und Regelung einer 60 m-Feuerwehrdrehleiter
Authors: Pertsch Alexander , Sawodny Oliver 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der als Fachwerkstruktur ausgestaltete Leitersatz moderner Feuerwehrdrehleitern neigt aufgrund seiner Länge und begrenzten Steifigkeit zu harmonischen Schwingungen in mehreren Moden. Mit Hilfe des Modells eines abschnittsweise homogenen Euler-Bernoulli-Balkens lassen sich diese Schwingungen aus Messungen rekonstruieren und mit dem hydraulischen Antrieb effektiv dämpfen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Parameteridentifikation und Regelung für den Leitersatz am Beispiel einer IVECO Magirus M60 L erläutert und mittels Versuchsergebnissen validiert.
Algebraische Methodenzur Parameteridentifikation für das schwere Seil
Authors: Gehring Nicole , Knüppel Torsten , Rudolph Joachim , Woittennek Frank 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Vorgestellt wird eine Methode zur Identifikation von Parameter eines linearen, verteiltparametrischen Modells für das schwere Seil unter ausschließlicher Verwendung gemessener Randgrößen. Die Methode basiert auf der Operatordarstellung der Lösung des zugehörigen Randwertproblems. Aus dieser erhält man durch sukzessives Falten der gemessenen Trajektorien ein System algebraischer Gleichungen in den gesuchten Parametern. Simulationsergebnisse illustrieren den Ansatz.
Modellreduktion von Populationssystemen mit Hilfe von Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Mangold Michael , Krasnyk Mykhaylo 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt den Einsatz der Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) für die Modellreduktion von Partikelprozessen in fluider Strömung. Diese Prozessklasse ist von großer Bedeutung für die chemische und pharmazeutische Industrie. Physikalische Modelle solcher Prozesse sind häufig sehr komplex und für Regelungsaufgaben wenig geeignet. POD bietet hier eine attraktive Möglichkeit, zu reduzierten Prozessmodellen zu gelangen, da das Verfahren sehr flexibel ist, keine spezielle Struktur des Referenzmodells erfordert und interne und externe Koordinaten in einheitlicher Weise behandelt. Der Beitrag stellt das Reduktionsverfahren vor und illustriert es an Beispielen.
Verbesserte Subspace-Identification für lineare Systeme mit variierenden Parametern durch rekursive Schätzung
Authors: Buchholz Michael , Werner Samuel 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt rekursive Varianten eines Subspace-Identification-Algorithmus für lineare Systeme mit variierenden Parametern vor. Gegenüber dem zugrunde liegenden Algorithmus in Blockverarbeitung bietet der rekursive Ansatz die Möglichkeit, auf eine vereinfachende Annahme zu verzichten, wodurch bessere Ergebnisse als in Blockverarbeitung erzielt werden können. Die Güte der Algorithmen wird an einem der Literatur entnommenen Benchmark-Beispiel bewertet.
Increasing use of radioiodine in young people with thyrotoxicosis in Great Britain
Authors: Turner Neil , Driver Ian , Salotti Jane A , Pearce Mark S , Cheetham Tim 
Published: September 2012

Objective
Radioiodine (RI) is an important therapeutic option in young patients with thyrotoxicosis. We wanted to determine whether RI is being used more frequently in this age group.

Design
National survey of Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland).

Methods
Sixty-one medical physics departments were asked to provide the age and number of patients with thyrotoxicosis <21 years treated with RI (1990–2008). Information on the total number of RI treatments for thyrotoxicosis was also collected.

Results
Forty-three departments (70%), with representation from 21 of the 25 most populous areas of Great Britain, provided data on 69 258 treatments. The number of treatments recorded on patients <21 years during this period was 560 (0.9%). The frequency of treatments in young people as a percentage of the total increased from 0.2% in 1990 to 1.5% in 2008 (P<0.001). When the 18 centres submitting at least 17 years of data were analysed, a similar pattern was observed. The maximum number of young people treated was greatest in 2008 (62) with a fall in the youngest age at which RI was administered from 18 years (1990) to 11 years (2008).

Conclusions
A rising proportion of patients with thyrotoxicosis receiving RI are in those <21 years. This is largely due to an increase in the number of young people treated with a reduction in the minimum age at RI administration. We suspect that European clinicians are becoming more comfortable with RI treatment in young people with thyrotoxicosis, although a changing incidence is a potential contributing factor.
Electron-Spin Polarization in Tunnel Junctions with Ferromagnetic EuS Barriers
Authors: Hao Xin , Moodera J. S. , Meservey R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSpin-resolved tunneling in the structure metal-EuS-metal has been obtained. The metal electrodes used in our experiments being non-magnetic, polarization of the tunnel current is attributed to the conduction band splitting in EuS below its ferromagnetic Curie temperature. Enhanced Zeeman splitting in the superconducting aluminum film is also observed.
Magnetic Anisotropy Constants of Epitaxial (110) Fe/GaAs Films from 77k To 293k Studied by Magneto-Resistance
Authors: Lottis Daniel K. , Prinz G. A. , Dahlberg E. Dan 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA first-order phase transition in the magnetization of Fe films, driven by an applied magnetic field, was first reported by Hathaway and Prinz [1]. Further studies were performed on this phase transition using anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements by Riggs and Dahlberg [2]. Here we report the extension of these studies to include temperatures between 77K and 293K. Emphasis is on a determination of the fourth-order and uniaxial anisotropy constants (K1 and Ku). It is shown that the temperature dependence of the anisotropy energies in these films varies with thickness, which may be useful in sorting out the origin and magnitude of different contributions to the total effective anisotropy. The present study suggests that similar studies of (110) iron on other substrates might contribute to achieving a better understanding of in-plane anisotropies in epitaxial films.
Magnetic Resonance Studies of Fe/Ag Superlattices with Fe Layers < 6 Monolayers Thick
Authors: Krebs J. J. , Jonker B. T. , Prinz G. A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTX-band magnetic resonance has been used to study a set of Fe/ Ag(001) superlattice (SL) samples with Fe layers only 0.9–5.5 monolayers (ML) thick. The samples (grown by MBE and previously examined by Mossbauer and magnetization techniques) were studied thoughout the 5–300 K range. The SL's with t(Fe) < 3 ML exhibit a marked downturn in their resonance fields below a temperature which decreases with t(Fe) and, simultaneously, the linewidths increase. We suggest that this behavior is due to magnetic relaxation processes in these samples.
Magnetic Microstructure of Thin Films and Surfaces: Exploiting Spin-Polarized Electrons in the SEM and STM
Authors: Pierce D. T. , Scheinfein M. R. , Unguris J. , Celotta R. J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTMagnetic microstructure, that is the configuration of domains and domain walls in a magnetic material, is of both fundamental interest and of crucial importance for device applications. For example, the ultimate density of magnetic information storage is limited by the sharpness of a domain boundary. The magnetic microstructure of a thin film or surface depends sensitively on its physical structure which is strongly affected by sample preparation or growth. High resolution magnetization imaging is necessary to determine the domain configuration that occurs for a particular sample preparation and the changes that take place under external perturbations such as applied magnetic field, stress or temperature.
Spin Polarized Inelastic Electron Scattering From Ni (110)
Authors: Hopster H. , Abraham D. L. , Pappas D. P. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe spin dependent energy loss mechanisms in low-energy electron scattering from a ferromagnetic Ni(110) surface are studied. It is shown that exchange scattering can be the dominant loss mechanism for small energy losses. The energy-, angle and temperature dependence of spin asymmetries are studied in detail.
Point Defect Detector Studies of Ge+ Implanted Silicon upon Oxidation
Authors: Meng H. L. , Prusstn S. , Jones K. S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious results [1] have shown that type II (end-of-range) dislocation loops can be used as point defect detectors and are efficient in measuring oxidation induced point defects. This study investigates the interaction between oxidation-induced point defects and dislocation loops when Ge+ implantation was used to form the type II dislocation loops. The type II dislocation loops were introduced via Ge+ implants into <100> Si wafers at 100 keV to at doses ranging from 2×1015 to l×1016/cm2. The subsequent furnace annealing at 900 °C was done for times between 30 min and 4 hr in either a dry oxygen or nitrogen ambient. The change in atom concentration bound by dislocation loops as a result of oxidation was measured by plan-view transmission electron microscopy (PTEM). The results show that the oxidation rate for Ge implanted Si is similar to Si+ implanted Si. Upon oxidation a decrease in the interstitial injection was observed for the Ge implanted samples relative to the Si implanted samples. With increasing Ge+ dose the trapped atom concentration bound by the loops actually decreases upon oxidation relative to the inert ambient implying oxidation of Ge+ implanted silicon can result in either vacancy injection or the formation of an interstitial sink.
The Sensitivity of Renninger Scan Intensities with Al Content in Ga1-xA1xAs/GaAs Samples
Authors: Sasaki J.M. , Campos C. , Cardoso L. P. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe influence of the Al concentration in the X-Ray Renninger scans (RS) for the GaAlAs/GaAs system is investigated. The RS simulation program MULTX [Defect Control in Semiconductors, K. Sumino (ed.) Elsevier Sci. Pub. (North Holland), 1990, 1535] allows for the better choice of peak/background ratio which shows enough sensitivity to detect Al content changes. The three (000, 002, 111) and four beam (000, 002, 113, 111) peak/background ratios decrease with the increment of the Al content according to the structure factor calculation.
Evaluation using A Noncontact Laser Beam Induced Conductivity/Current Method for the Silicon-on-Insulator made by Wafer Bonding
Authors: Usami A. , Nakai T. , Fujiwara H. , Ishigami S. , Wada T. , Matsuki K. , Takeuchi T. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, we evaluate the electrical characteristics of the silicon on insulator (SOI) layer made by the wafer bonding method using a photoconductivity modulation method, in other words, noncontact laser beam induced conductivity/current (LBIC) method. The He-Ne laser pulse (λ= 633nm, pulse width=2ms) is used as the carrier-injection light source.The detected signal intensity decreases at the void area as compared with at the center area of the SOI layer where there are no voids. The positions of the voids revealed by the proposed method are in good agreement with those by X-ray topography. We also measure the lifetime using the photoconductivity decay method using the laser diode. The lifetime at the void area is much shorter than that at the center area. It is considered that the decrease in the detected signal intensity at the void area is due to reduction in the minority carrier lifetime.
The Lack of Trapping Centers for Positrons at the Interface of W/Si System and the Investigation of the Depletion Layer in the Schottky Barrier by Positrons as Test Charge Simulating Holes
Authors: Tanigawa S. , Tabuki Y. , Wei L. , Hinode K. , Kobayashi N. , Onai T. , Owada N. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTInterfacial phenomena in the W-Si systems were studied by a monoenergetic positron beam. Doppler broadening profiles of the positron annihilation were measured as a function of incident positron energy. Tungsten thin films of 100 nm in thickness were deposited on p-type, 10 »cm Cz-grown Si wafers with (100) orientation by the DC magnetron sputtering method. Specimens were annealed at various temperatures in order to form suicides. It was found that the position of the interface of both W/Si and W silicide/Si is very different from the position expected from a simple situation neglecting the effect of electric field on the diffusion of positrons. This fact arouse the utility of positrons as a test charge to probe directly the electric field gradient in the Schottky barrier.
An Investigation of Vacancy Concentrations in Bulk Silicon
Authors: Zimmermann Horst , Ryssel H. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA method will be presented, which allows the quantitative determination of distributions of single vacancies in bulk silicon. The method uses deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements of the platinum or gold concentration after diffusion at a low temperature. An analytical expression allows the calculation of the vacancy concentration from the measured platinum or gold concentration. Vacancy concentrations vary at least from 2.0×1012 to 2.2×1014 cm3 in float zone silicon. The vacancy concentrations in Czrochalski (CZ) silicon are in the range of 4×1012 to 2×1013 cm3. Microwave photoconductive decay instead of DLTS allows much faster measurements of vacancy distributions on whole wafers. Furthermore, both methods allow the investigation of oxygen precipitation in CZ silicon.
Study of Electrical Properties of Defects in Soi Films by Wafer Bonding
Authors: Usami Akira , Natori Taichi , Ito Akira , Ishigami Shun-ichiro , Tokuda Yutaka , Wada Takao 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSilicon-on-insulator films fabricated by the wafer bonding technique were studied with capacitance-voltage (c-V) and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. For our experiments, two kinds of SOI wafers were prepared. Many voids were present in one sample (void sample), but few voids were in the other sample (no void sample). Before annealing, two DLTS peaks (E-0.48 eV and Ec-0.38 eV) were observed in the SOI layer of the void sample. For the no void sample, different two DLTS peaks (Ec-0.16 eV and Ec-0.12 eV) were observed. The trap with an activation energy of 0.48 eV was annealed out after 450 °C annealing for 24 h. On the other hand, other traps were annealed out after 450 °C annealing for several hours. During annealing at 450 °C, thermal donors (TDs) were formed simultaneously. In usual CZ sil icon, a DLTS peak of TD was observed around 60 K. In the no void sample, however, a TD peak was observed at a temperature lower than 30 K. This TD was annihilated by rapid thermal annealing. This suggests that the TD with a shallower level was formed in the no void sample after annealing at 450 °C.
Hydrogen Passivation and Reactivation of Bistable Thermal Donors in Silicon
Authors: Bohne D. I. , Deak P. , Weber J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe dissociation of Thermal Donor-hydrogen complexes is studied by infra-red absorption, CV and DLTS profiling. Silicon samples are prepared to contain only TD1 and TD2 and in particular only TD1 is exhibiting bistable properties. After hydrogen passivation, annealing in the dark under reverse bias leads to a first order reactivation of TD1 and TD2. A marked difference in the dissociation energies is found (ED(TD1 - H) = 1.67eV, ED (TD2 - H)≈ 1.9eV). Our results suggest that TD1 and TD2 have a different microscopic structure.