bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anti‐acne properties of phloretin in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kum H. , Roh K.‐B. , Shin S. , Jung K. , Park D. , Jung E. 
Published: July 2015

SynopsisObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anti‐acne properties of phloretin in vitro and in vivo.MethodsAnti‐microbial activity against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), Propionibacterium granulosum (P. granulosum) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) were observed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion methods. The anti‐inflammatory effects were studied in HaCaT cells based on P. acnes‐induced inflammatory mediators, including PGE2 and COX‐2, examined through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and luciferase reporter gene assay. Thirty healthy subjects with whiteheads participated in the clinical study. Comedo counting, and the amount of sebum and porphyrin were measured before treatment and following 4 consecutive weeks of treatment with phloretin.ResultsPhloretin showed anti‐microbial activities against P. acnes, P. granulosum, S. epidermidis with the MIC of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.25 mg mL−1, respectively. P. acnes‐induced activation of the COX‐2 promoter was markedly attenuated by phloretin treatment. Consistent with these results, inhibition of PGE2 production was also observed. In 1‐month, placebo‐controlled trials, phloretin showed clinically and statistically significant reduction of comedo counts and sebum output level. Compared to before treatment, whiteheads, blackheads, papules, sebum output level and amount of sebum and porphyrin were significantly decreased at 4 weeks in the test group.ConclusionsThis study revealed that phloretin inhibits the growth of P. acnes, P. granulosum, and S. epidermidis. In addition, we demonstrated that phloretin attenuates COX‐2 and PGE2 expression during the P. acnes‐induced upregulation of inflammatory signalling. Clinical studies further suggested that treatment with formulations containing phloretin confers anti‐acne benefits. Based on these results, we suggest that phloretin may be introduced as a possible acne‐mitigating agent.
Efficacy of tacrolimus and clobetasol in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chamani Goli , Rad Maryam , Zarei Mohammad Reza , Lotfi Sodabeh , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Ahmadi Zahra 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study was carried out to assess and compare the efficacy of tacrolimus and clobetasol in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Journals, and Elsevier databases were searched using specific keywords relevant to the research question for articles published from 1998 to December 31, 2012. Finally, 15 articles that assessed the effects of tacrolimus, clobetasol, and pimecrolimus on improvements in OLP were reviewed. In addition, a meta‐analysis of odds ratios (ORs) was carried out for data in 10 of the 15 articles. The results showed that the ORs for improvements in OLP in patients taking clobetasol or tacrolimus, compared with those taking placebo or other drugs, were 1.19 and 8.00, respectively. It appears that topical tacrolimus is an effective alternative to topical clobetasol and may be considered as a first‐line therapy in the management of OLP.
Treatment of eccrine porocarcinoma with Mohs micrographic surgery: a cases series and literature review
Authors: Tidwell William James , Mayer Jonathan E. , Malone Janine , Schadt Courtney , Brown Timothy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundEccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignant tumor of the eccrine sweat gland. It is a potentially fatal neoplasm that is locally aggressive and commonly recurs. Wide surgical excision has traditionally been the treatment of choice and is curative in approximately 70–80% of cases. The disease is metastatic to lymph nodes and distant sites in 20% and 10% of cases, respectively. Metastatic EPC has not shown any great response to adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for EPC as an alternative to wide local excision.MethodsFive patients diagnosed with EPS between 2011 and 2014 at the University of Louisville and treated with MMS were studied. Recurrence‐free periods subsequent to the treatment of EPC with MMS were measured.ResultsThe five patients with EPC treated by MMS remained recurrence‐free for a mean of 11 months (range: 2–26 months).ConclusionsMohs micrographic surgery is a highly effective treatment for EPC. Given the high rate of recurrence, propensity for lymph node metastases, and the often ineffective options for treating advanced disease, MMS should be considered in the treatment of all cases of EPC.
Inulin and maltodextrin can replace fat in baked savoury legume snacks
Authors: Colla Kathryn , Gamlath Shirani 
Published: July 2015

SummaryA baked yellow split pea cracker was developed with fat replacement (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) using inulin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and maltodextrin. Effects of fat replacement on physical (water activity, moisture content, colour and hardness), nutritional properties and consumer acceptance (nine‐point hedonic rating) of snacks were investigated. Water activity (0.15–0.32) and moisture (1.28–3.16%) readings were consistent, and products were considered shelf stable. High levels of fat replacement (100%) were detrimental to snack colour and hardness. Snacks with 75% fat replacement using inulin and maltodextrin received similar mean overall acceptability scores (6.40 ± 1.36 and 6.26 ± 1.37, respectively) to the control and a similar commercial product. These snacks were eligible to claim that they were a ‘good source’ of protein (requirement; ≥10 g per serve) and an ‘excellent source’ of dietary fibre (requirement; ≥7 g per serve) while providing ‘reduced’ fat content (≤25% than reference food) based on the Australian Food Standards Code.
Computer‐aided design of T‐cell epitope‐based vaccines: addressing population coverage
Authors: Oyarzun P. , Kobe B. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryEpitope‐based vaccines (EVs) make use of short antigen‐derived peptides corresponding to immune epitopes, which are administered to trigger a protective humoral and/or cellular immune response. EVs potentially allow for precise control over the immune response activation by focusing on the most relevant – immunogenic and conserved – antigen regions. Experimental screening of large sets of peptides is time‐consuming and costly; therefore, in silico methods that facilitate T‐cell epitope mapping of protein antigens are paramount for EV development. The prediction of T‐cell epitopes focuses on the peptide presentation process by proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Because different MHCs have different specificities and T‐cell epitope repertoires, individuals are likely to respond to a different set of peptides from a given pathogen in genetically heterogeneous human populations. In addition, protective immune responses are only expected if T‐cell epitopes are restricted by MHC proteins expressed at high frequencies in the target population. Therefore, without careful consideration of the specificity and prevalence of the MHC proteins, EVs could fail to adequately cover the target population. This article reviews state‐of‐the‐art algorithms and computational tools to guide EV design through all the stages of the process: epitope prediction, epitope selection and vaccine assembly, while optimizing vaccine immunogenicity and coping with genetic variation in humans and pathogens.
Identification of seven novel HLA class I alleles in New Zealand
Authors: Lamb G. , Choi K.‐L. , Selwyn C. , Wheeler A. , Hammond L. , Morgan J. , Dunn P. P. J. 
Published: July 2015

SummarySeven new HLA class I alleles have been identified in the New Zealand population in the process of routine HLA typing and they are described here. Unusual bead positivity in Luminex typing identified potential new alleles in a bone marrow registry donor (B*40:285) and two HIV patients prior to abacavir prescription (B*14:02:09, B*41:29). In addition, four new class I alleles were identified through class I sequencing‐based typing (SBT) outside of exons 2 and 3. One mutation was identified in exon 4 (new allele C*12:125) and three have been found in exon 5, an exon rarely sequenced. Two stem cell transplant recipients (B*07:02:45, C*03:279) had novel mutations in exon 5 and one was found in exon 5 of a potentially matched unrelated donor from DKMS, previously thought to be B*40:02:01 (B*40:303).
Further Evidence for Infants' Preference for Prosocial Over Antisocial Behaviors
Authors: Scola Celine , Holvoet Claire , Arciszewski Thomas , Picard Delphine 
Published: July 2015

This study extends the findings that young infants prefer prosocial to antisocial others (Hamlin & Wynn, Cognitive Development 2011, 26, 30; Hamlin, Wynn, & Bloom, Nature 2007, 450, 557) to older infants (12–24 and 24–36 months) with a novel display. We presented infants with short cartoons in which a character (the “Protoganist”) engaged in a ball play with two others, one acting prosocially (the “Giver”), and the other antisocially (the “Keeper”). Afterward, infants were presented with the Giver and the Keeper characters and encouraged to reach for the one of their choices. We found that infants exhibited robust choice for the Giver. In addition, infants' preference for the Giver persisted despite changes in facial features (dark skin, scrambled face). These findings provide further evidence for infant's preference for prosociality.
The Predictive Power of the Yield Curve Across Countries and Time
Authors: Chinn Menzie , Kucko Kavan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn recent years, there has been renewed interest in the yield curve (or alternatively, the term premium) as a predictor of future economic activity. In this article, we re‐examine the evidence for this predictor for both the United States and other advanced economies. We examine the sensitivity of the results to the selection of countries, and to time periods. We find that the predictive power of the yield curve has deteriorated in the last half of the sample period, although there is evidence of a reversal in the lead‐up to the Great Recession. There is reason to believe that European country models perform better than those with non‐European countries when using more recent data. In addition, the yield curve proves to have predictive power even after accounting for other leading indicators of economic activity.
A peripheral view: post‐glacial history and genetic diversity of an amphibian in northern landscapes
Authors: D'Aoust‐Messier A.‐M. , Lesbarrères D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimWhere post‐glacial colonization and founder events are numerous, peripheral populations tend to have reduced genetic diversity as compared to their centrally located counterparts. Such decrease in genetic variability can limit their potential to adapt to changes in their environment. At northern latitudes for instance, populations are often living in conditions close to their physiological limits. Thus, identifying the levels of genetic diversity in peripheral populations is key to estimating the potential for adaptation to ongoing environmental change. In this context, we investigated the distribution of genetic diversity at the northern edge of the wood frog's (Lithobates sylvaticus) range by reconstructing its post‐glacial history in an area where phylogeographical data were lacking.LocationJames Bay area (north‐central Canada).MethodsDNAwas extracted from 463 wood frog tissue samples from 17 localities. Seven microsatellite loci were used to quantify genetic diversity and evaluate genetic structure through estimates of the fixation index, isolation‐by‐distance analyses and Bayesian clustering algorithms (tessandstructure). Phylogeographical relationships were investigated using single nucleotide polymorphisms in theND2/tRNATRPmitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic trees were built using the neighbour‐joining and the maximum likelihood inference methods implemented inmega5.ResultsOur analyses identified a contact zone between two colonizing lineages originating from one glacial refugium. Populations in this contact zone present sympatrically distributed haplotypes from both lineages and higher genetic variation than the surrounding populations. Population structure analyses revealed the differentiation of three genetic clusters, each covering large areas around the coast of James Bay.Main conclusionsOur study suggests that higher than expected genetic diversity and gene flow may be present in peripheral populations. Such adaptive potential is critical in areas of upcoming development and environmental changes. Thus, our study emphasizes the importance of understanding species post‐glacial history for the prediction of future evolutionary trends and species distributions.
Improving the utility of colonoscopy: Recent advances in practice
Authors: Corte Crispin J , Leong Rupert W 
Published: July 2015

AbstractColonoscopy is a frequently performed diagnostic and therapeutic test and the primary screening tool in several nationalized bowel cancer screening programs. There has been a considerable focus on maximizing the utility of colonoscopy. This has occurred in four key areas: Optimizing patient selection to reduce unnecessary or low yield colonoscopy has offered cost–benefit improvements in population screening. Improving quality assurance, through the development of widely accepted quality metrics for use in individual practice and the research setting, has offered measurable improvements in colonoscopic yield. Significant improvements have been demonstrated in colonoscopic technique, from the administration of preparation to the techniques employed during withdrawal of the colonoscope. Improved techniques to avoid post‐procedural complications have also been developed—further maximizing the utility of colonoscopy.The aim of this review is to summarize the recent evidence‐based advances in colonoscopic practice that contribute to the optimal practice of colonoscopy.
Systematic review of the use of platelet‐rich plasma in aesthetic dermatology
Authors: Leo Michael S , Kumar Alur S , Kirit Raj , Konathan Rajyalaxmi , Sivamani Raja K 
Published: July 2015

SummaryPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a highly concentrated autologous solution of plasma prepared from a patient's own blood. PRP contains platelets that are purported to release numerous growth factors that may be valuable in numerous dermatologic applications. Here, we review systematically the clinical cosmetic applications of PRP including: androgenetic alopecia, scar revision, acne scars, skin rejuvenation, dermal augmentation, and striae distensae to understand the potential and best practices for PRP use. A systematic search was conducted on three databases: Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Publications were included if they were in English, investigated the clinical applications of PRP in aesthetic dermatology and reported clinical results either as case reports or clinical studies. There were a total of 22 manuscripts that fulfilled these criteria. Four evaluated hair‐related applications, eight evaluated the treatment of scars and postprocedure recovery, eight evaluated skin rejuvenation and dermal augmentation, and two evaluated treatment of striae distensae. PRP is a relatively new treatment modality with studies suggesting its utility in aesthetic dermatology. The combination of PRP with other therapies is particularly interesting. Future studies should include controls, including incorporation of split‐face comparisons, to reduce intersubject variability.
Self‐Reported Frequency and Perceived Severity of Being Bullied Among Elementary School Students
Authors: Chen Li‐Ming 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study reports students' perspectives on the frequency and perceived severity of being bullied.METHODSA sample of 1816 elementary school students completed self‐report surveys of perceived severity and frequency of being bullied. A Rasch technique aligned different victimized behaviors on interval logit scales. A 4‐fold schema was used to identify the intersection between the perceived severity and frequency of being bullied.RESULTSThere was not a statistically significant correlation between the 2 measures (r = .02). Behaviors that included being hit and kicked, being cursed at, being ostracized, being threatened, being shoved or tripped, having one's friendship ruined, and being spoken ill of in public were perceived as severe and frequent bullying experiences. While boys reported more frequent experiences of being bullied, girls perceived bullying to have greater severity.CONCLUSIONSSelf‐reported frequency does not necessarily correspond to the perceived severity of school bullying, a finding with implications for prevention and intervention initiatives designed or carried out by researchers and school psychologists.
School Experiences Associated With Alcohol Use Among Hispanic Youth
Authors: Merianos Ashley L. , Vidourek Rebecca A. , Nabors Laura A. , King Keith A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe primary purpose of this study was to determine if recent alcohol use and binge drinking was associated with school experiences among Hispanic youth.METHODSWe performed a secondary analysis of the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The NSDUH was administered to Hispanic youth (N = 3457) in the privacy of their own homes. The school experience score was dichotomized into negative and positive school experiences.RESULTSA total of 13.8% of Hispanic youth reported recent alcohol use, and 8.0% reported that they had engaged in binge drinking. Hispanic youth who reported having negative school experiences were at increased odds for reporting recent alcohol use and binge drinking compared to counterparts with positive school experiences. Specifically, Hispanic students who were at highest risk for reporting recent alcohol use and binge drinking were in the age group 14 to 15 years, and the age group 16 to 17 years who reported having negative school experiences.CONCLUSIONSThese findings on school experiences should be considered when developing and implementing school‐based prevention programs targeting Hispanic youth.
A Qualitative Study on the Perceptions and Attitudes of Brazilians Toward Irradiated Foods
Authors: Lima Filho Tarcísio , Della Lucia Suzana Maria , Moulin Lima Rondinelli , Zacchi Scolforo Carmelita 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPartial rejection of irradiated foods by the population demands a greater understanding of the thoughts of consumers. With such goals, focus group sessions were conducted with 26 participants, investigating their attitudes, opinions and knowledge about irradiated foods. The majority of participants were in favor of the presence of true and enlightening information on the labels of irradiated foods and consider the term “ionization” less impactful that “irradiation.” However, some consumers require that the method of real conservation is informed, stating that the term “ionization” can be associated with other processes used in food, and therefore, it is misleading. Moreover, participants agreed that greater disclosure of information on the irradiation process for the acceptance of irradiated foods increase is necessary. For example, the major concern of consumers regarding irradiated foods is their possible health hazards, and clarification of this question could result in greater acceptance of irradiated foods.Practical ApplicationsWe provided information on the thoughts, knowledge and attitudes of consumers regarding irradiated foods. This information is of great importance to industries that market or intend to market irradiated foods and seek to adopt strategies aimed at increasing the acceptance and intent to purchase of consumers for these products. The fact that irradiation technology is rejected by the population further accentuates the importance of the results obtained in this study. For example, it was found that the major question and concern among consumers regarding irradiated foods is their possible health hazards; the clarification of this doubt by reliable sources could result in greater acceptance of irradiated foods, and consequently greater use of irradiation in food and increased supply of foods that are microbiologically safer and have longer shelf life.
Sensory Interactions between Cheese Aroma and Taste
Authors: Niimi Jun , Eddy Andrew I. , Overington Amy R. , Silcock Patrick , Bremer Phil J. , Delahunty Conor M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCross‐modal interactions between cheese aroma and cheese taste, and between aroma were investigated. Aroma was varied by four mixture types and three concentrations, all with a background cheese taste, with four aroma only controls. All cheese aroma samples were produced using 10 aroma compounds commonly found in cheese but at varying individual concentrations of compound. A panel of assessors (n = 8) evaluated in triplicate the intensities of four flavor attributes; overall intensity of cheese, fruity cheese, blue cheese, and buttery cheese. The flavor attributes that corresponded to the aroma compound mixtures were perceived highest in intensity; blue cheese flavor (from additional methyl ketones: 2‐butanone, 2‐heptanone, and 2‐nonanone), fruity cheese flavor (from additional esters: ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate) or buttery cheese flavor (from additional diacetyl). An increase in select aroma compound concentrations from the base aroma mixture revealed the effect of aroma mixture interactions on flavor perception. Overall intensity of cheese was significantly suppressed by esters (P < 0.01) and diacetyl (P < 0.01), while it was unchanged by methyl ketones. Removing taste from the mixture significantly reduced all flavor attribute intensities regardless of cheese aroma character. Changing the aroma character gave different variants of cheese flavor but did not enhance overall intensity of cheese.Practical ApplicationsVarying aroma compound concentrations within a mixture to produce different aroma types can change the flavor character. It could not however, enhance the flavor intensity of generic cheese flavor intensity. In this case, altering aroma character is not an effective means to potentially compensate for reduced taste on flavor intensity. Manipulating aroma compounds that have a large influence on the flavor concept of cheese however, such as methyl ketones, could change flavor character without altering generic cheese flavor intensity. Manipulating aroma compounds that contribute to a background flavor of cheese, such as esters and diacetyl, not only could change flavor character but suppress the generic cheese flavor intensity. Aroma compounds of choice for manipulation are therefore critical to maintaining the overall cheese flavor concept.