bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family therapists’ adult attachment styles and the therapeutic alliance
Authors: Yusof Yusmarhaini , Carpenter John 
Published: July 2015

Therapists’ adult attachment style may affect their ability to form effective therapeutic alliances. An analysis of semi‐structured interviews with eleven family therapists explored the relationship between their adult attachment styles, as assessed using a self‐report measure, and their perceptions of the therapeutic alliance. A framework analysis was employed, using four dimensions of the therapeutic alliance: engagement in the therapeutic process, emotional connection to the therapist, safety within the therapeutic system and shared sense of purpose within the family. Responses were compared between therapists with secure and insecure attachment styles according to different dimensions of the therapeutic alliance. There were no substantial differences in therapists’ accounts of their approach to engagement and creating a sense of safety; however they differed in their approaches to managing clients’ hostility. Secure and insecure therapists differed in one of the dimensions of therapeutic alliance; emotional connections to family members. Training and supervision could incorporate an understanding of attachment style. Suggestions are made for future research based on this exploratory study.Practitioner Points

The ability to co‐create a secure base may be related to the therapist's adult attachment style.
Therapists with insecure attachment styles appear to have difficulty in managing clients’ hostility and close emotional connections.
Trainees may benefit from understanding their own adult attachment styles and resolving outstanding family‐of‐origin issues.
Clinical supervision could reflect on the interaction between the therapist's and family attachment styles.
Seselelame: feelings in the body: working alongside systemic ideas
Authors: Jude Julia 
Published: July 2015

This article explores the way I use my cultural heritage as a tool to expand upon and develop skills in working with families, and how I then experience my position as a systemic therapist, interweaving systemic ideas and the intimacies of my own cultural heritage I examine the differences and similarities between systemic knowledge and practice, and African oral traditional ideas. Reclaiming my cultural heritage is the focus of this article and I explore the useful contribution it can make in the systemic field. Practical examples are given to illustrate the applicability of the ideas.Practitioner points

African oral traditions (seselelame) characterize a dialogical feeling in the body that complements systemic family therapy and practice.
In seselelame human knowing is as valuable as western theories of knowledge.
Seselelame offers an appreciation of lived moments and encourages awareness of self (human knowing) as a means of sense‐making.
Seselelame practice reinforces the idea that the senses are natural resources.
Voter Engagement, Electoral Inequality and First‐Time Compulsory Voting
Authors: Birch Sarah , Lodge Guy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper reviews the problem of declining turnout and proposes as a solution a system whereby each elector would be legally obliged to vote in the first election for which they were eligible. Popular attitudes toward first‐time compulsory voting are measured and probed by means of UK data. The main findings of the paper are that first‐time compulsory voting is a politically and administratively feasible proposal that appears tentatively to command popular support and has the potential to help address a number of the problems associated with declining turnout, and in particular low rates of electoral participation among younger citizens.
Downloading plug‐ins for nationalism and cosmopolitanism
Authors: Tabak Edin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA crucial factor in differentiation between existing approaches to nationalism and cosmopolitanism is the positioning of these approaches within a continuum between particularism and universalism, based on their understanding of space and time. However, this also poses a major difficulty in studying practices of nationalism and cosmopolitanism: Reducing these practices to a position within the particularism/universalism continuum establishes different forms of nationalism and cosmopolitanism as ‘order of things’, through which any practice is projected as an approximation or a distortion of this ideal ‘order’. Such a projection tells more about the researchers' own theoretical commitments than the participants' practices. This article utilizes some conceptual tools fromActor‐NetworkTheory in an effort to establish a sketch for an alternative projection to study practices of nationalism and cosmopolitanism, which will give the participants an opportunity to perform their own time and space, instead of reducing them to placeholders of an already determined position, a priori identified by researchers.
Revisiting resource selection probability functions and single‐visit methods: clarification and extensions
Authors: Sólymos Péter , Lele Subhash R. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryModels accounting for imperfect detection are important. Single‐visit (SV) methods have been proposed as an alternative to multiple‐visit methods to relax the assumption of closed population. Knape & Korner‐Nievergelt (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2015) showed that under certain models of probability of detection,SVmethods are statistically non‐identifiable leading to biased population estimates.There is a close relationship between estimation of the resource selection probability function (RSPF) using weighted distributions andSVmethods for occupancy and abundance estimation. We explain the precise mathematical conditions needed forRSPFestimation as stated in Lele & Keim (Ecology, 87, 2006, 3021). The identical conditions that remained unstated in our papers onSVmethodology are needed forSVmethodology to work. We show that the class of admissible models is quite broad and does not excessively restrict the application of theRSPFor theSVmethodology.To complement the work by Knape and Korner‐Nievergelt, we study the performance of multiple‐visit methods under the scaled logistic detection function and a much wider set of situations. In general, under the scaled logistic detection function, multiple‐visit methods also lead to biased estimates.As a solution to this problem, we extend theSVmethodology to a class of models that allows use of scaled probability function. We propose a multinomial extension ofSVmethodology that can be used to check whether the detection function satisfies theRSPFcondition or not. Furthermore, we show that if the scaling factor depends on covariates, then it can also be estimated.We argue that the instances where theRSPFcondition is not satisfied are rare in practice. Hence, we disagree with the implication in Knape & Korner‐Nievergelt (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2015) that the need forRSPFcondition makesSVmethodology irrelevant in practice.
Regional brain volumes, diffusivity, and metabolite changes after electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression
Authors: Jorgensen A. , Magnusson P. , Hanson L. G. , Kirkegaard T. , Benveniste H. , Lee H. , Svarer C. , Mikkelsen J. D. , Fink‐Jensen A. , Knudsen G. M. , Paulson O. B. , Bolwig T. G. , Jorgensen M. B. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of hippocampal plasticity in the antidepressant effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodWe used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to investigate hippocampal volume, diffusivity, and metabolite changes in 19 patients receiving ECT for severe depression. Other regions of interest included the amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex, and hypothalamus. Patients received a 3T MR scan before ECT (TP1), 1 week (TP2), and 4 weeks (TP3) after ECT.ResultsHippocampal and amygdala volume increased significantly at TP2 and continued to be increased at TP3. DLPFC exhibited a transient volume reduction at TP2. DTI revealed a reduced anisotropy and diffusivity of the hippocampus at TP2. We found no significant post‐ECT changes in brain metabolite concentrations, and we were unable to identify a spectral signature at ≈1.30 ppm previously suggested to reflect neurogenesis induced by ECT. None of the brain imaging measures correlated to the clinical response.ConclusionOur findings show that ECT causes a remodeling of brain structures involved in affective regulation, but due to their lack of correlation with the antidepressant effect, this remodeling does not appear to be directly underlying the antidepressant action of ECT.
Improved informed consent documents for biomedical research do not increase patients’ understanding but reduce enrolment: a study in real settings
Authors: Paris Adeline , Deygas Béatrice , Cornu Catherine , Thalamas Claire , Maison Patrick , Duale Christian , Kane Maty , Hodaj Enkelejda , Cracowski Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2015

AimsThe aim was to evaluate the comprehension of participants of an improved informed consent document (ICD).MethodThis was a randomized controlled French multicentre study performed in real conditions. Participants were adult patients undergoing screening for enrolment in biomedical research studies, who agreed to answer a validated questionnaire evaluating objective and subjective comprehension scored from 0 (no comprehension) to 100 (excellent comprehension). Patients were provided either the original ICD or an ICD modified in terms of structure and readability. The primary end point was the score of objective comprehension. The secondary end‐points were the enrolment rate in the clinical study and patient characteristics associated with the score of objective comprehension.ResultsFour hundred and eighty‐one patients were included, 241 patients in the original ICD group and 240 patients in the modified ICD group. There was no difference between the two groups for the score of objective comprehension (original ICD 72.7 (95% CI 71.3, 74.1) vs. modified ICD 72.5 (95% CI 71.0, 74.0); P = 0.81). However, the rate of enrolment in the clinical study was lower in the group who received the modified ICD (64.4% (95% CI 58.3, 70.5)) than for the original ICD (73.0% (95% CI 67.4, 78.7)) (P = 0.042). Only female gender and high educational level were associated with a better objective comprehension.ConclusionsImproving ICDs had no effect on participants’ understanding, whereas the rate of enrolment was lower in this group. In attempts at improving potential participants’ understanding of clinical research information, efforts and future trials should focus on other ways to improve comprehension.
EMBO Workshop al fin del mundo: a meeting on membrane trafficking and its implication for polarity and diseases
Authors: Marzolo María‐Paz , Faundez Victor , Galli Thierry 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe EMBO worskhop at the “end of the world’” (al fin del mundo), a meeting on membrane trafficking and its implication for polarity and diseases, took place in the Chilean Patagonia surrounded by the landscapes once witnessed by Charles Darwin. The meeting showcased some of the best membrane trafficking science with an emphasis in neuroscience and disease models. Speakers from Europe, USA, South America and the graduate students behind it; embarked on an enthusiastic and eclectic dialog where a wide range of cell types, model genetic systems, and diseases where discussed. This meeting demonstrated the power of trafficking concepts to integrate diverse biology and to formulate mechanisms of normal and disease cells.
The novel cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil increases the calcium sensitivity of force production in isolated cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle fibres of the rat
Authors: Nagy L , Kovács Á , Bódi B , Pásztor E T , Fülöp G Á , Tóth A , Édes I , Papp Z 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposeOmecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a novel cardiac myosin activator drug for inotropic support in systolic heart failure. Here we have assessed the concentration‐dependent mechanical effects of OM in permeabilized cardiomyocyte‐sized preparations and single skeletal muscle fibres of Wistar‐Kyoto rats under isometric conditions.Experimental ApproachesCa2+‐dependent active force production (Factive), its Ca2+ sensitivity (pCa50), the kinetic characteristics of Ca2+‐regulated activation and relaxation, and Ca2+‐independent passive force (Fpassive) were monitored in Triton X‐100‐skinned preparations with and without OM (3nM‐10 μM).Key ResultsIn permeabilized cardiomyocytes, OM increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of force production (ΔpCa50: 0.11 or 0.34 at 0.1 or 1 μM respectively). The concentration–response relationship of the Ca2+ sensitization was bell‐shaped, with maximal effects at 0.3–1 μM OM (EC50: 0.08 ± 0.01 μM). The kinetics of force development and relaxation slowed progressively with increasing OM concentration. Moreover, OM increased Fpassive in the cardiomyocytes with an apparent EC50 value of 0.26 ± 0.11 μM. OM‐evoked effects in the diaphragm muscle fibres with intrinsically slow kinetics were largely similar to those in cardiomyocytes, while they were less apparent in muscle fibres with fast kinetics.Conclusions and ImplicationsOM acted as a Ca2+‐sensitizing agent with a downstream mechanism of action in both cardiomyocytes and diaphragm muscle fibres. The mechanism of action of OM is connected to slowed activation–relaxation kinetics and at higher OM concentrations increased Fpassive production.
Neutrophil elastase induces inflammation and pain in mouse knee joints via activation of proteinase‐activated receptor‐2
Authors: Muley Milind M , Reid Allison R , Botz Bálint , Bölcskei Kata , Helyes Zsuzsanna , McDougall Jason J 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposeNeutrophil elastase plays a crucial role in arthritis. Here, its potential in triggering joint inflammation and pain was assessed, and whether these effects were mediated by proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2).Experimental ApproachNeutrophil elastase (5 μg) was injected into the knee joints of mice and changes in blood perfusion, leukocyte kinetics and paw withdrawal threshold were assessed. Similar experiments were performed in animals pretreated with the neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat, the PAR2 antagonist GB83, the p44/42 MAPK inhibitor U0126 and in PAR2 receptor knockout (KO) mice. Neutrophil elastase activity was also evaluated in arthritic joints by fluorescent imaging and sivelestat was assessed for anti‐inflammatory and analgesic properties.Key ResultsIntra‐articular injection of neutrophil elastase caused an increase in blood perfusion, leukocyte kinetics and a decrease in paw withdrawal threshold. Sivelestat treatment suppressed this effect. The PAR2 antagonist GB83 reversed neutrophil elastase‐induced synovitis and pain and these responses were also attenuated in PAR2 KO mice. The MAPK inhibitor U0126 also blocked neutrophil elastase‐induced inflammation and pain. Active neutrophil elastase was increased in acutely inflamed knees as shown by an activatable fluorescent probe. Sivelestat appeared to reduce neutrophil elastase activity, but had only a moderate anti‐inflammatory effect in this model.Conclusions and ImplicationsNeutrophil elastase induced acute inflammation and pain in knee joints of mice. These changes are PAR2‐dependent and appear to involve activation of a p44/42 MAPK pathway. Blocking neutrophil elastase, PAR2 and p44/42 MAPK activity can reduce inflammation and pain, suggesting their utility as therapeutic targets.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inflammation: maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2016.173.issue-4
The novel PAR2 ligand C391 blocks multiple PAR2 signalling pathways in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Boitano Scott , Hoffman Justin , Flynn Andrea N , Asiedu Marina N , Tillu Dipti V , Zhang Zhenyu , Sherwood Cara L , Rivas Candy M , DeFea Kathryn A , Vagner Josef , Price Theodore J 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposeProteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2) is a GPCR linked to diverse pathologies, including acute and chronic pain. PAR2 is one of the four PARs that are activated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular amino terminus, resulting in an exposed, tethered peptide agonist. Several peptide and peptidomimetic agonists, with high potency and efficacy, have been developed to probe the functions of PAR2, in vitro and in vivo. However, few similarly potent and effective antagonists have been described.Experimental ApproachWe modified the peptidomimetic PAR2 agonist, 2‐furoyl‐LIGRLO‐NH2, to create a novel PAR2 peptidomimetic ligand, C391. C391 was evaluated for PAR2 agonist/antagonist activity to PAR2 across Gq signalling pathways using the naturally expressing PAR2 cell line 16HBE14o‐. For antagonist studies, a highly potent and specific peptidomimetic agonist (2‐aminothiazo‐4‐yl‐LIGRL‐NH2) and proteinase agonist (trypsin) were used to activate PAR2. C391 was also evaluated in vivo for reduction of thermal hyperalgesia, mediated by mast cell degranulation, in mice.Key ResultsC391 is a potent and specific peptidomimetic antagonist, blocking multiple signalling pathways (Gq‐dependent Ca2+, MAPK) induced following peptidomimetic or proteinase activation of human PAR2. In a PAR2‐dependent behavioural assay in mice, C391 dose‐dependently (75 μg maximum effect) blocked the thermal hyperalgesia, mediated by mast cell degranulation.Conclusions and ImplicationsC391 is the first low MW antagonist to block both PAR2 Ca2+ and MAPK signalling pathways activated by peptidomimetics and/or proteinase activation. C391 represents a new molecular structure for PAR2 antagonism and can serve as a basis for further development for this important therapeutic target.
Enantioselective inhibition of d‐serine transport by (S)‐ketamine
Authors: Singh Nagendra S , Bernier Michel , Camandola Simonetta , Khadeer Mohammed A , Moaddel Ruin , Mattson Mark P , Wainer Irving W 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposePatients with major depressive disorder receiving racemic ketamine, (R,S)‐ketamine, experience transient increases in Clinician‐Administered Dissociative States Scale scores and a coincident drop in plasma d‐serine levels. The results suggest that (R,S)‐ketamine produces an immediate, concentration‐dependent pharmacological effect on d‐serine plasma concentrations. One potential source of this effect is (R,S)‐ketamine‐induced inhibition of the transporter ASCT2, which regulates intracellular d‐serine concentrations. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of (S)‐ and (R)‐ketamine on ASCT2‐mediated transport of d‐serine in PC‐12 and 1321N1 cells and primary neuronal cells in culture.Experimental ApproachIntracellular and extracellular d‐serine levels were determined using capillary electrophoresis–laser‐induced fluorescence and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry respectively. Expression of ASCT2, Asc‐1 and serine racemase was determined utilizing Western blotting.Key Results(S)‐Ketamine produced a concentration‐dependent increase in intracellular d‐serine and reduced extracellular d‐serine accumulation. In contrast, (R)‐ketamine decreased both intracellular and extracellular d‐serine levels. The ASCT2 inhibitor, benzyl‐d‐serine (BDS), and ASCT2 gene knockdown mimicked the action of (S)‐ketamine on d‐serine in PC‐12 cells, while the Asc‐1 agonist d‐isoleucine reduced intracellular d‐serine and increased extracellular d‐serine accumulation. This response to d‐isoleucine was not affected by BDS or (S)‐ketamine. Primary cultures of rat neuronal cells expressed ASCT2 and were responsive to (S)‐ketamine and BDS. (S)‐ and (R)‐ketamine increased the expression of monomeric serine racemase in all the cells studied, with (S)‐ketamine having the greatest effect.Conclusions and Implications(S)‐Ketamine decreased cellular export of d‐serine via selective inhibition of ASCT2, and this could represent a possible source of dissociative effects observed with (R,S)‐ketamine.
Ibopamine challenge testing differentiates glaucoma suspect, stable glaucoma and progressive glaucoma cases
Authors: Landers John , Ullrich Katja , Craig Jamie E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAn ibopamine challenge is a novel technique for assessing glaucoma using ibopamine, a topical drug which temporarily increases aqueous production. We aimed to determine whether change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or optic cup volume (OCV) during the test differentiated between glaucoma patients at different stages of disease; namely, glaucoma suspects (GS), glaucoma patients who are stable (SG) and glaucoma patients who have demonstrated rapid progression (PG).DesignNon‐randomized clinical trial evaluating a diagnostic test.ParticipantsSixty‐one patients were recruited through glaucoma clinics at the Flinders Medical Centre (24 GS, 24 SG and 13 PG).MethodsPatients underwent IOP measurement and OCV assessment using optical coherence tomography. Two drops of ibopamine 2% solution were instilled into the study eye of each patient. After 45 min, IOP and OCV were reassessed. Changes from baseline were compared between groups.Main Outcome MeasureChange in IOP and OCV after ibopamine challenge.ResultsFollowing the ibopamine challenge, IOP increased by 1.8 mmHg for GS patients, 4.5 mmHg for SG patients (P = 0.003) and 8.1 mmHg for PG patients (P < 0.0001). OCV increased by 0.2% for GS patients, 0.6% for SG patients and 5.5% for PG patients. This was not significantly different between GS patients and SG patients; however, it was significantly different between GS patients and PG patients (P < 0.0001), and between SG and PG patients (P = 0.001).ConclusionGS patients may be differentiated from those with SG or PG by their IOP response, and SG may be differentiated from PG patients by their change in OCV following an ibopamine challenge.
Biallelic HERC1 mutations in a syndromic form of overgrowth and intellectual disability
Authors: Ortega‐Recalde O. , Beltrán O.I. , Gálvez J.M. , Palma‐Montero A. , Restrepo C.M. , Mateus H.E. , Laissue P. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe report two Colombian siblings affected by overgrowth, intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism. Exome (via NGS) and Sanger sequencing revealed that biallelic sequence variants in a novel gene (HERC1) might be related to the disease pathogenesis. These results provide useful data for future genotype–phenotype correlations and for a molecular diagnosis of overgrowth.