bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of a distinct collective mode in Kagome superconductors
Authors: Hu Bin , Chen Hui , Ye Yuhan , Huang Zihao , Han Xianghe , Zhao Zhen , Xiao Hongqin , Lin Xiao , Yang Haitao , Wang Ziqiang , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe collective modes of the superconducting order parameter fluctuation can provide key insights into the nature of the superconductor. Recently, a family of superconductors has emerged in non-magnetic kagome materials AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs), exhibiting fertile emergent phenomenology. However, the collective behaviors of Cooper pairs have not been studied. Here, we report a distinct collective mode in CsV3-xTaxSb5 using scanning tunneling microscope/spectroscopy. The spectral line-shape is well-described by one isotropic and one anisotropic superconducting gap, and a bosonic mode due to electron-mode coupling. With increasing x, the two gaps move closer in energy, merge into two isotropic gaps of equal amplitude, and then increase synchronously. The mode energy decreases monotonically to well below $${{2}}{{\Delta }}$$
2
Δ
and survives even after the charge density wave order is suppressed. We propose the interpretation of this collective mode as Leggett mode between different superconducting components or the Bardasis-Schrieffer mode due to a subleading superconducting component.
Experimentally validating sabatier plot by molecular level microenvironment customization for oxygen electroreduction
Authors: Huang Bingyu , Gu Qiao , Tang Xiannong , Lützenkirchen-Hecht Dirk , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroenvironmental modifications on metal sites are crucial to tune oxygen reduction catalytic behavior and decrypt intrinsic mechanism, whereas the stochastic properties of traditional pyrolyzed single-atom catalysts induce vague recognition on structure-reactivity relations. Herein, we report a theoretical descriptor relying on binding energies of oxygen adsorbates and directly associating the derived Sabatier volcano plot with calculated overpotential to forecast catalytic efficiency of cobalt porphyrin. This Sabatier volcano plot instructs that electron-withdrawing substituents mitigate the over-strong *OH intermediate adsorption by virtue of the decreased proportion of electrons in bonding orbital. To experimentally validate this speculation, we implement a secondary sphere microenvironment customization strategy on cobalt porphyrin-based polymer nanocomposite analogs. Systematic X-ray spectroscopic and in situ electrochemical characterizations capture the pronounced accessible active site density and the fast interfacial/outward charge migration kinetics contributions for the optimal carboxyl group-substituted catalyst. This work offers ample strategies for designing single-atom catalysts with well-managed microenvironment under the guidance of Sabatier volcano map.
Pan-serotype dengue virus inhibitor JNJ-A07 targets NS4A-2K-NS4B interaction with NS2B/NS3 and blocks replication organelle formation
Authors: Kiemel Dominik , Kroell Ann-Sophie Helene , Denolly Solène , Haselmann Uta , Bonfanti Jean-François , Andres Jose Ignacio , Ghosh Brahma , Geluykens Peggy , Kaptein Suzanne J. F. , Wilken Lucas , Scaturro Pietro , Neyts Johan , Van Loock Marnix , Goethals Olivia , Bartenschlager Ralf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDengue fever represents a significant medical and socio-economic burden in (sub)tropical regions, yet antivirals for treatment or prophylaxis are lacking. JNJ-A07 was described as highly active against the different genotypes within each serotype of the disease-causing dengue virus (DENV). Based on clustering of resistance mutations it has been assumed to target DENV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B). Using a photoaffinity labeling compound with high structural similarity to JNJ-A07, here we demonstrate binding to NS4B and its precursor NS4A-2K-NS4B. Consistently, we report recruitment of the compound to intracellular sites enriched for these proteins. We further specify the mechanism-of-action of JNJ-A07, which has virtually no effect on viral polyprotein cleavage, but targets the interaction between the NS2B/NS3 protease/helicase complex and the NS4A-2K-NS4B cleavage intermediate. This interaction is functionally linked to de novo formation of vesicle packets (VPs), the sites of DENV RNA replication. JNJ-A07 blocks VPs biogenesis with little effect on established ones. A similar mechanism-of-action was found for another NS4B inhibitor, NITD-688. In summary, we unravel the antiviral mechanism of these NS4B-targeting molecules and show how DENV employs a short-lived cleavage intermediate to carry out an early step of the viral life cycle.
Boosting electrochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide coupled with organic oxidation
Authors: Sun Yining , Fan Kui , Li Jinze , Wang Lei , Yang Yusen , Li Zhenhua , Shao Mingfei , Duan Xue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is appealing due to its sustainability. However, its efficiency is compromised by the competing 4e− ORR pathway. In this work, we report a hierarchical carbon nanosheet array electrode with a single-atom Ni catalyst synthesized using organic molecule-intercalated layered double hydroxides as precursors. The electrode exhibits excellent 2e− ORR performance under alkaline conditions and achieves H2O2 yield rates of 0.73 mol gcat−1 h−1 in the H-cell and 5.48 mol gcat−1 h−1 in the flow cell, outperforming most reported catalysts. The experimental results show that the Ni atoms selectively adsorb O2, while carbon nanosheets generate reactive hydrogen species, synergistically enhancing H2O2 production. Furthermore, a coupling reaction system integrating the 2e− ORR with ethylene glycol oxidation significantly enhances H2O2 yield rate to 7.30 mol gcat−1 h−1 while producing valuable glycolic acid. Moreover, we convert alkaline electrolyte containing H2O2 directly into the downstream product sodium perborate to reduce the separation cost further. Techno-economic analysis validates the economic viability of this system.
Estimating the contribution of setting-specific contacts to SARS-CoV-2 transmission using digital contact tracing data
Authors: Wang Zengmiao , Yang Peng , Wang Ruixue , Ferretti Luca , Zhao Lele , Pei Shan , Wang Xiaoli , Jia Lei , Zhang Daitao , Liu Yonghong , Liu Ziyan , Wang Quanyi , Fraser Christophe , Tian Huaiyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile many countries employed digital contact tracing to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the contribution of cospace-time interaction (i.e., individuals who shared the same space and time) to transmission and to super-spreading in the real world has seldom been systematically studied due to the lack of systematic sampling and testing of contacts. To address this issue, we utilized data from 2230 cases and 220,878 contacts with detailed epidemiological information during the Omicron outbreak in Beijing in 2022. We observed that contact number per day of tracing for individuals in dwelling, workplace, cospace-time interactions, and community settings could be described by gamma distribution with distinct parameters. Our findings revealed that 38% of traced transmissions occurred through cospace-time interactions whilst control measures were in place. However, using a mathematical model to incorporate contacts in different locations, we found that without control measures, cospace-time interactions contributed to only 11% (95%CI: 10%–12%) of transmissions and the super-spreading risk for this setting was 4% (95%CI: 3%–5%), both the lowest among all settings studied. These results suggest that public health measures should be optimized to achieve a balance between the benefits of digital contact tracing for cospace-time interactions and the challenges posed by contact tracing within the same setting.
Ampere-level CO2 electroreduction with single-pass conversion exceeding 85% in acid over silver penetration electrodes
Authors: Li Shoujie , Dong Xiao , Wu Gangfeng , Song Yanfang , Mao Jianing , Chen Aohui , Zhu Chang , Li Guihua , Wei Yiheng , Liu Xiaohu , Wang Jiangjiang , Chen Wei , Wei Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSynthesis of valuable chemicals from CO2 electroreduction in acidic media is highly desirable to overcome carbonation. However, suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction in such proton-rich environments remains a considerable challenge. The current study demonstrates the use of a hollow fiber silver penetration electrode with hierarchical micro/nanostructures to enable CO2 reduction to CO in strong acids via balanced coordination of CO2 and K+/H+ supplies. Correspondingly, a CO faradaic efficiency of 95% is achieved at a partial current density as high as 4.3 A/cm2 in a pH = 1 solution of H2SO4 and KCl, sustaining 200 h of continuous electrolysis at a current density of 2 A/cm2 with over 85% single-pass conversion of CO2. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations suggest that the controllable CO2 feeding induced by the hollow fiber penetration configuration primarily coordinate the CO2/H+ balance on Ag active sites in strong acids, favoring CO2 activation and key intermediate *COOH formation, resulting in enhanced CO formation.
Facet sensitivity of iron carbides in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Wu Wenlong , Luo Jiahua , Zhao Jiankang , Wang Menglin , Luo Lei , Hu Sunpei , He Bingxuan , Ma Chao , Li Hongliang , Zeng Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a structure-sensitive reaction of which performance is strongly related to the active phase, particle size, and exposed facets. Compared with the full-pledged investigation on the active phase and particle size, the facet effect has been limited to theoretical studies or single-crystal surfaces, lacking experimental reports of practical catalysts, especially for Fe-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the facet sensitivity of iron carbides in FTS. As the prerequisite, {202} and {112} facets of χ-Fe5C2 are fabricated as the outer shell through the conformal reconstruction of Fe3O4 nanocubes and octahedra, as the inner cores, respectively. During FTS, the activity and stability are highly sensitive to the exposed facet of iron carbides, whereas the facet sensitivity is not prominent for the chain growth. According to mechanistic studies, {202} χ-Fe5C2 surfaces follow hydrogen-assisted CO dissociation which lowers the activation energy compared with the direct CO dissociation over {112} surfaces, affording the high FTS activity.
Eukaryotic Pif1 helicase unwinds G-quadruplex and dsDNA using a conserved wedge
Authors: Hong Zebin , Byrd Alicia K. , Gao Jun , Das Poulomi , Tan Vanessa Qianmin , Malone Emory G. , Osei Bertha , Marecki John C. , Protacio Reine U. , Wahls Wayne P. , Raney Kevin D. , Song Haiwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractG-quadruplexes (G4s) formed by guanine-rich nucleic acids induce genome instability through impeding DNA replication fork progression. G4s are stable DNA structures, the unfolding of which require the functions of DNA helicases. Pif1 helicase binds preferentially to G4 DNA and plays multiple roles in maintaining genome stability, but the mechanism by which Pif1 unfolds G4s is poorly understood. Here we report the co-crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 (ScPif1) bound to a G4 DNA with a 5′ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) segment. Unlike the Thermus oshimai Pif1-G4 structure, in which the 1B and 2B domains confer G4 recognition, ScPif1 recognizes G4 mainly through the wedge region in the 1A domain that contacts the 5′ most G-tetrad directly. A conserved Arg residue in the wedge is required for Okazaki fragment processing but not for mitochondrial function or for suppression of gross chromosomal rearrangements. Multiple substitutions at this position have similar effects on resolution of DNA duplexes and G4s, suggesting that ScPif1 may use the same wedge to unwind G4 and dsDNA. Our results reveal the mechanism governing dsDNA unwinding and G4 unfolding by ScPif1 helicase that can potentially be generalized to other eukaryotic Pif1 helicases and beyond.
A new encryption algorithm for image data based on two-way chaotic maps and iterative cellular automata
Authors: Alkhonaini Mimouna Abdullah , Gemeay Entesar , Zeki Mahmood Firas Muhammad , Ayari Mohamed , Alenizi Farhan A. , Lee Sangkeum 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to their simplicity of implementation and compliance with the encryption issue, chaotic models are often utilized in picture encryption applications. Despite having many benefits, this approach still has a crucial space issue that makes encryption algorithms based on it susceptible to brute-force assaults. This research’s proposed novel picture encryption technique has a vast key space and great key sensitivity. To achieve this goal, the proposed method combines two-way chaotic maps and reversible cellular automata (RCA). First, this approach uses a two-way chaotic model named spatiotemporal chaos for image confusion. This step includes permuting the image pixels using a chaotic map at the byte level. Then, the RCA model is utilized for image diffusion. In this step, the RCA model iterates over image pixels to modify them at the bit level. The method’s performance in encrypting grayscale images was evaluated using various analysis methods. According to the results, the proposed method is a compelling image encryption algorithm with high robustness against brute-force, statistical, and differential attacks.
Impact of an unprecedented marine heatwave on extremely hot summer over Northern Japan in 2023
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Takemura Kazuto , Ito Akira , Umeda Takafumi , Maeda Shuhei , Tanimoto Youichi , Nonaka Masami , Nakamura Hisashi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPossible local influence of an extreme marine heatwave is investigated on unprecedentedly hot summer around northern Japan in 2023. Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and subsurface ocean temperatures around northern Japan were also unprecedentedly high in the summer. This was especially the case off the east coast of Japan, where cool Oyashio water was replaced with much warmer water due to a striking poleward meander of the Kuroshio Extension persistent from the spring. Particularly amplified near-surface air temperature anomalies and even stronger warm anomalies in the subsurface ocean suggest that the marine heatwave acted to sustain the atmospheric heatwave. Anomalous upward of latent and sensible heat fluxes from the warmed sea surface are indicative of local oceanic impact. The warm SST anomalies reduced the lower-tropospheric stratification to maintain unfavourable condition for low-level cloud formation, which in turn led to increased surface insolation for further SST warming as positive feedback. The increased moisture in the warmed lower troposphere contributed to the enhanced surface downward longwave radiation. This enhanced greenhouse effect acted not only as positive feedback on the warm SST anomalies that increased evaporation but also as a contributor for the extreme warmth over northern Japan landmass.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using low-cost plant extracts
Authors: Mousa Sahar A. , Wissa D. A. , Hassan H. H. , Ebnalwaled A. A. , Khairy S. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping stable and highly efficient metal oxide photocatalysts remains a significant challenge in managing organic pollutants. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized using various plant extracts, pomegranate (P.M), beetroot roots (B.S), and seder, along with a chemical process. The produced ZnO NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Surface Area. For all prepared samples, the results indicated that the composition of the plant extract affects several characteristics of the produced particles, such as their photocatalytic properties, energy bandgap (Eg), particle size, and the ratio of the two intensity (0 0 2) and (1 0 0) crystalline planes. The particle size of the produced NPs varies between 20 and 30 nm. To examine NPs' photocatalytic activity in the presence of UV light, Methyl Orange (MO) was utilized. The Eg of ZnO synthesized by the chemical method was 3.16 e. V, whereas it was 2.84, 2.63, and 2.59 for P.M, Seder, and B.S extracts, respectively. The most effective ZnO NPs, synthesized using Beetroots, exhibited a degradation efficiency of 87 ± 0.5% with a kinetic rate constant of 0.007 min−1. The ratio of the two intensity (0 0 2) and (1 0 0) crystalline planes was also examined to determine a specific orientation in (0 0 2) that is linked to the production of oxygen vacancies in ZnO, which enhances their photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the increase in photocatalytic effectiveness can be attributed to the improved light absorption by the inter-band gap states and effective charge transfer.
Cell-cycle dependence on the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy and its modification by polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Matsuya Yusuke , Sato Tatsuhiko , Kusumoto Tamon , Yachi Yoshie , Seino Ryosuke , Miwa Misako , Ishikawa Masayori , Matsuyama Shigeo , Fukunaga Hisanori 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a unique radiotherapy of selectively eradicating tumor cells using boron compounds (e.g., 4-borono-l-phenylalanine [BPA]) that are heterogeneously taken up at the cellular level. Such heterogenicity potentially reduces the curative efficiency. However, the effects of temporospatial heterogenicity on cell killing remain unclear. With the technical combination of radiation track detector and biophysical simulations, this study revealed the cell cycle-dependent heterogenicity of BPA uptake and subsequent biological effects of BNCT on HeLa cells expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicators, as well as the modification effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results showed that the BPA concentration in the S/G2/M phase was higher than that in the G1/S phase and that PVA enhances the biological effects both by improving the uptake and by canceling the heterogenicity. These findings might contribute to a maximization of therapeutic efficacy when BNCT is combined with PVA and/or cell cycle-specific anticancer agents.
Intensive care unit-acquired infections more common in patients with COVID-19 than with influenza
Authors: Beck-Friis Josefine , Gisslén Magnus , Nilsson Staffan , Lindblom Anna , Oras Jonatan , Yilmaz Aylin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntensive care unit-acquired infections are complicating events in critically ill patients. In this study we analyzed the incidence, microbiological patterns, and outcome in patients with COVID-19 versus influenza in the intensive care unit (ICU). We included all adult patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation due to (1) COVID-19 between January 2020 and March 2022, and (2) influenza between January 2015 and May 2023 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. Of the 480 participants included in the final analysis, 436 had COVID-19. The incidence rates of ICU-acquired infections were 31.6/1000 and 9.9/1000 ICU-days in the COVID-19 and influenza cohorts, respectively. Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections were most common in both groups. In patients with COVID-19, corticosteroid treatment was associated with an increased risk of ICU-acquired infections and with higher 90-day mortality in case of infection. Furthermore, ICU-acquired infection was associated with a prolonged time in the ICU, with more difficult-to-treat gram-negative infections in late versus early ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections. Further research is needed to understand how the association between corticosteroid treatment and incidence and outcome of ICU-acquired infections varies across different patient categories.
Anisotropic scrunching of SMC with a baton-pass mechanism
Authors: Moon Kyoung-Wook , Kim Do-Gyun , Ryu Je-Kyung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDNA-loop extrusion is considered to be a universal principle of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins with regard to chromosome organization. Despite recent advancements in structural dynamics studies that involve the use of cryogenic-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), etc., the precise molecular mechanism underlying DNA-loop extrusion by SMC proteins remains the subject of ongoing discussions. In this context, we propose a scrunching model that incorporates the anisotropic motion of SMC folding with a baton-pass mechanism, offering a potential explanation of how a “DNA baton” is transferred from the hinge domain to a DNA pocket via an anisotropic hinge motion. This proposed model provides insights into how SMC proteins unidirectionally extrude DNA loops in the direction of loop elongation while also maintaining the stability of a DNA loop throughout the dynamic process of DNA-loop extrusion.
Four Cases of Children With Phonological Impairment and Precocious Vocabulary: Making Sense of a Clinical Conundrum
Authors: Hearnshaw Stephanie , Baker Elise , Pomper Ron , McGregor Karla K. , Edwards Jan , Munro Natalie 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the speech production, speech perception, vocabulary, and word learning abilities of lexically precocious 4-year-old children with phonological impairment, in an effort to better understand the underlying nature of phonological impairment in children.

Method:
Using a case series approach, we identified four children with phonological impairment and precocious vocabulary abilities. Each child completed routine speech production and vocabulary assessments, as well as experimental speech perception and word learning tasks. The results from these tasks were then used to create profiles of each child's individual strengths and needs across the abilities assessed.

Results:
Although all four children presented with phonological impairment and lexically precocious receptive and expressive vocabulary, they differed in their specific speech errors. One child presented with phonological speech errors only, while the other three children presented with an interdental lisp alongside their phonological errors. Three children presented with average speech perception abilities, and one child presented with poorer speech perception. The same three children also showed some learning of novel nonwords 1 week post–initial exposure, while the other child showed no evidence of word learning 1 week post–initial exposure.

Conclusions:
The clinical profiles of lexically precocious children with phonological impairment offered different insights into the nature of the problem. Although one child appeared to present with underspecified underlying representations of words, the other three children appeared to present with well-specified underlying representations. Of the three children with well-specified underlying representations, two appeared to have difficulty abstracting particular rules of the ambient phonological system. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the underlying nature of phonological impairment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26307640