bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Factors Influence the Diffusion of the Mobile Communications Industry: A Case Study from China
Authors: Luo Yuze , Luo Laijun , Liu Chang , Chen Yantai 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMobile communications have experienced rapid growth in China and play an increasingly important role in the country’s economic development. However, there is still vast regional imbalance in China’s communications industry which we will be exploring here, including examining what factors influence diffusion paths and cause these differences. Through a two‐step estimate method, this paper successfully describes the differences in the diffusion paths of mobile communications in different regions of China. It evaluates the impacts of industry variables, intra‐regional income gaps, macroeconomic factors (such as degree of urbanisation) and geographic effects of neighbouring provinces. Our work may be helpful to inform policymaking for effective and equitable development.
The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on postpartum urinary incontinence: a longitudinal cohort study on singleton pregnancies
Authors: Chuang C‐M , Lin I‐F , Horng H‐C , Hsiao Y‐H , Shyu I‐L , Chou P 
Published: August 2012

Please cite this paper as: Chuang C, Lin I, Horng H, Hsiao Y, Shyu I, Chou P. The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on postpartum urinary incontinence: a longitudinal cohort study on singleton pregnancies. BJOG 2012;119:1334–1343.Objective  To determine whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary incontinence in singleton pregnancies.Design  A longitudinal cohort study.Setting  A single tertiary‐care hospital in Taiwan.Population  Pregnant women with term deliveries between 2002 and 2007 (n = 6653) were consecutively recruited.Methods  Logistic regression models were fitted based on generalised estimating equation methods to derive odds ratios for occurrences of type‐specific urinary incontinence in the third trimester and at four time‐points over 2 years during the postpartum period.Main outcome measures  Evaluation of whether GDM is an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary incontinence.Results  The full model analysis revealed that GDM was an independent risk factor for all type‐specific urinary incontinence (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.97 [1.56–2.51], 3.11 [2.18–4.43] and 2.73 [1.70–4.40] for stress, urge and mixed incontinence, respectively]. Compared with women without GDM, women with GDM tended to exhibit more severe symptoms of stress incontinence for up to 2 years postpartum, whereas for urge or mixed incontinence, more severe symptoms were found only for 6 months postpartum. Evaluation of quality of life using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire 7 suggested that women with GDM requiring insulin treatment had a higher likelihood of functional impairment than women with GDM requiring conservative treatment only or women without GDM (P < 0.05, by the chi‐square test for trend).Conclusions  GDM was found to be an independent risk factor for postpartum urinary incontinence and had a significant impact on quality of life. Women with GDM should be provided with timely consultation and support once urinary incontinence occurs.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospice Enrollees with Dementia Discharged Alive
Authors: Johnson Kimberly S. , Elbert‐Avila Katja , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Tulsky James A. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the characteristics of hospice enrollees with dementia who were discharged alive because their condition stabilized or improved and predictors of death in the year after discharge.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of clinical and administrative data.SettingFor‐profit hospice provider.ParticipantsHospice enrollees aged 65 and older with an admission diagnosis of dementia who died or were discharged alive because their condition stabilized or improved between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2003.MeasurementsDemographic variables and hospice length of stay; data did not include functional status or comorbidities.ResultsOf 24,111 enrollees with dementia, 1,204 (5.0%) were discharged alive because their condition stabilized or improved; the remainder died while receiving hospice. The median length of stay for those who died was 12 versus 236 days for those discharged alive. Those discharged alive were more likely to be female or have a length of stay exceeding 180 days and less likely to be in the oldest age group (≥85), be African American, or reside in a nursing home. In a subgroup of 303 patients discharged alive, 75.5% were still alive at 1 year; none of the demographic variables were associated with death after hospice discharge.ConclusionA small proportion of hospice enrollees with dementia was discharged alive. Most died shortly after enrollment. Future research should examine other factors that may predict which hospice enrollees with dementia are likely to be discharged alive and their subsequent trajectory, such as functional status, comorbidities, and preferences for care.
Impact of Image Integration on Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Using Three‐Dimensional Electroanatomic Mapping: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: LIU SHAN‐XIN , ZHANG YU , ZHANG XING‐WEI 
Published: August 2012

Background:
Studies comparing the procedural and clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) guided by CartoMerge and that by Carto have achieved mixed results (Carto, Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA). We collected these studies and conducted a meta‐analysis to determine whether CartoMerge results in better procedural and clinical outcomes.
Methods and Results:
Three randomized controlled trials and two controlled observational studies were collected for analysis. The clinical and procedural outcomes of interest were AF recurrence after catheter ablation, major complications, procedure durations, and fluoroscopy time. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.18 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) and pooled estimates of effect were reported as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The overall results of this meta‐analysis indicate that catheter ablation for AF guided by CartoMerge is insignificantly associated with a decreased risk of recurrences (RR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.55–1.04; P = 0.09) and major complications (RR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.37–1.45; P = 0.37) compared with that by Carto.
Conclusion:
The image integration using CartoMerge guiding catheter ablation for AF does not improve the main clinical outcomes significantly compared with that by Carto in centers with experienced operators. (PACE 2012; 35:1242–1247)
Efficacy of Tuned Waveforms Based on Different Membrane Time Constants on Defibrillation Thresholds: Primary Results from the POWER Trial
Authors: DOSHI SHEPHAL K. , PITTARO MICHAEL D. , REEVES RUSSELL , BOYCE KER , PAYNE JOHN P. , KROLL MARK W. , GRAUMANN ROBERT J. , OZA ASHISH L. , VAL‐MEJIAS JESUS E. 
Published: August 2012

Background:
The efficacy of tuned defibrillation waveforms versus the nominal fixed‐tilt waveform has been previously studied. However, the optimal membrane time constant for tuning was not known. The POWER (Pulsewidth Optimized Waveform Evaluation tRial) trial was designed to determine the optimal membrane time constant for programming “tuned” biphasic waveforms.
Methods:
This acute, multicenter study included 121 implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator patients who were randomized at implant to any two of the three membrane time constant waveforms (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 ms). Fixed pulse widths were programmed using the measured high voltage shock impedance. The defibrillation threshold (DFT) estimates were obtained using a hybrid protocol starting with an upper limit of vulnerability estimate followed by a step‐up/step‐down ventricular fibrillation induction process.
Results:
DFT voltage was significantly lower using 3.5‐ and 4.5‐ms waveforms as compared to the 2.5‐ms waveform (P = 0.004 and 0.035, respectively). DFT voltage with both 3.5‐ and 4.5‐ms waveforms was ≤ that obtained with the 2.5‐ms waveform
in 78.5% of the cases. The mean difference in DFT voltage using the 3.5‐ms waveform and the 4.5‐ms waveform was not significant (P = 0.4). However, the 3.5‐ms waveform gave a lower DFT than the 4.5‐ms waveform in 19 patients although the reverse was true in only
nine (P = 0.02 not significant for multiple comparisons).
Conclusions:
The use of a 3.5‐ or 4.5‐ms time constant‐based waveforms had lower DFTs when compared to the 2.5‐ms waveform. This study suggests that the first defibrillation attempt at implantation should be with 3.5‐ or 4.5‐ms time constant‐based waveforms. The 3.5‐ms‐based waveform trended toward the best choice. (PACE 2012; 35:1253–1261)
The Evolution and Role of NH4Cl Flux Used to Synthesize Sr2SiO4:Dy3+ Phosphor by Solid‐State Reaction Method
Authors: Zhang Le , Lu Zhou , Han Pengde , Lu Jiajia , Xu Naicen , Wang Lixi , Zhang Qitu 
Published: August 2012

Two different Sr2SiO4:Dy3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized at 1000°C for 4 h using NH4Cl or SrCl2 as the flux, respectively. The luminescence intensity of Sr2SiO4:Dy3+ was enhanced 60 times by the addition of 5 wt% NH4Cl. The phase evolution and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the phosphors were investigated by the calculation of phase equilibrium and the analysis of TG/DSC, XRD, SEM, and PL. The role of NH4Cl was proved to be attributed to the formation of SrCl2 at ~300°C. The flux NH4Cl or SrCl2 lowered the decomposition temperature of carbonate and promoted the preferential formation of α′ phase in the solid‐state reaction through accelerating the kinetics of the formation of Sr2SiO4 by enhancing diffusion with more liquid phase.
Changes in the diagnosed incidence of early onset schizophrenia over four decades
Authors: Okkels N. , Vernal D. L. , Jensen S. O. W. , McGrath J. J. , Nielsen R. E. 
Published: August 2012

Objective: To explore changes in the diagnosed incidence of early onset schizophrenia (EOS) from 1971 to 2010.Method: Examination of incidence rates of schizophrenia in patients under 18 years of age, using a nationwide, population‐based, mental health register.Results: The age‐standardized incidence rate (IR) of EOS in the period 1971–2010 was 3.17 (95% CI: 3.16, 3.18) per 100 000 person years in the age group 0–18 years, and 9.10 (95% CI: 9.00, 9.21) in the age group 12–18 years. In the period 1971–1993, the age‐standardized IR of EOS was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.79, 1.82) per 100 000 person years in the age group 0–18 years, and 5.02 (95% CI: 4.92, 5.11) in the age group 12–18 years. In the period 1994–2010, the age‐standardized IR of EOS was 5.15 (95% CI: 5.10, 5.20) per 100 000 person years in the age group 0–18 years, and 15.73 (95% CI: 15.22, 16.22) in the age group 12–18 years. The IR was higher for males than females in the periods 1971–1993 and 1971–2010, but in the period 1994–2010 the IR was higher for females than males.Conclusion: In recent years, the diagnosed incidence of EOS has increased and the usual male excess has disappeared. The changes in IR could be a result of changes in the diagnostic system, increased awareness of early psychosis or a reflection of actual underlying incidence of the disorder.
Long-Term Evaluation of Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment in Transsexual Persons
Authors: Wierckx Katrien , Mueller Sven , Weyers Steven , Van Caenegem Eva , Roef Greet , Heylens Gunter , T’Sjoen Guy 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Long-term effects and side effects of cross-sex hormone treatment in transsexual persons are not well known.

Aim
The aim of this study is to describe the effects and side effects of cross-sex hormone therapy in both transsexual men and women.

Main Outcome Measures
Hormone levels were measured by immunoassays. Physical health was assessed by physical examination and questionnaires on general health and specific side effects, areal bone parameters by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Methods
Single center cross-sectional study in 100 transsexual persons post-sex reassignment surgery and on average 10 years on cross-sex hormone therapy.

Results
Transsexual men did not experience important side effects such as cardiovascular events, hormone-related cancers, or osteoporosis. In contrast, a quarter of the transsexual women had osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and radius. Moreover, 6% of transsexual women experienced a thromboembolic event and another 6% experienced other cardiovascular problems after on average 11.3 hormone treatment years. None of the transsexual women experienced a hormone-related cancer during treatment.

Conclusion
Cross-sex hormone treatment appears to be safe in transsexual men. On the other hand, a substantial number of transsexual women suffered from osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and distal arm. Twelve percent of transsexual women experienced thromboembolic and/or other cardiovascular events during hormone treatment, possibly related to older age, estrogen treatment, and lifestyle factors. In order to decrease cardiovascular morbidity, more attention should be paid to decrease cardiovascular risk factors during hormone therapy management.
History of the Diagnosis of a Sexually Transmitted Disease is Linked to Normal Variation in Personality Traits
Authors: Mõttus René , Realo Anu , Allik Jüri , Esko Tõnu , Metspalu Andres 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Stable individual differences in personality traits have well-documented associations with various aspects of health. One of the health outcomes that directly depends on people’s behavioral choices, and may therefore be linked to personality traits, is having a sexually transmitted disease (STD).

Aim
The study examines the associations between a comprehensive set of basic personality traits and past STD history in a demographically diverse sample.

Methods
Participants were 2,110 Estonians (1,175 women) between the ages of 19 and 89 (mean age 45.8 years, SD = 17.0). The five-factor model personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) and their specific facets were rated by participants themselves and knowledgeable informants. Sex, age, and educational level were controlled for.

Main Outcome Measure
History of STD diagnosis based on medical records and/or self-report.

Results
History of STD diagnosis was associated with higher Neuroticism and lower Agreeableness in both self- and informant-ratings. Among the specific personality facets, the strongest correlates of STD were high hostility and impulsiveness and low deliberation.

Conclusions
Individual differences in several personality traits are associated with a history of STD diagnosis. Assuming that certain personality traits may predispose people to behaviors that entail a higher risk for STD, these findings can be used for the early identification of people at greater STD risk and for developing personality-tailored intervention programs.
The Role of Initial Success Rates and Other Factors in Determining Reliability of Outcomes of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: A Pooled Analysis of 17 Placebo-Controlled Trials of Tadalafil for Use as Needed
Authors: Sontag Angelina , Rosen Raymond C. , Litman Heather J. , Ni Xiao , Araujo Andre B. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Reliability of successful outcomes in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors is an important aspect of patient management.

Aims
We examined reliability of successful outcomes in a large integrated dataset of randomized tadalafil trials.

Main Outcome Measures
Success rates, time to success, subsequent success after first success, and probability of success were analyzed based on Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3.

Methods
Data from 3,254 ED patients treated with tadalafil 10 mg (N = 510), 20 mg (N = 1,772), or placebo (N = 972) were pooled from 17 placebo-controlled studies.

Results
Tadalafil patients had significantly higher first-attempt success rates vs. placebo. This effect was consistent across most subgroups; however, patients with severe ED experienced a greater response to tadalafil than patients with mild–moderate ED. Approximately 80% of patients achieved successful penile insertion within two attempts with either tadalafil dose and successful intercourse within eight attempts for tadalafil 10 mg and four attempts for tadalafil 20 mg. However, approximately 70% of tadalafil-treated patients achieved successful intercourse even by the second attempt. Subsequent success rates were higher for patients with first-attempt success (81.5% for 10 mg and 86.1% for 20 mg vs. 66.2% for placebo, P &lt; 0.001) vs. patients with later initial success (53.2% for 10 mg and 56.4% for 20 mg vs. 39.9% for placebo, P &lt; 0.001). Among patients treated with tadalafil, intercourse success rates at early attempts were similar to rates at later attempts (i.e., attempts 5 and 10 vs. 25), although insertion success rates were significantly lower earlier in treatment.

Conclusions
The findings affirm the reliability of successful outcomes with tadalafil treatment and that first-attempt success is a critical factor affecting subsequent outcomes. The results further show that even among men who did not succeed on first attempt, a substantial proportion will have successful outcomes if treatment is maintained.
Measurement of arthropod body composition using quantitative magnetic resonance
Authors: O'Regan Sacha M. , Guglielmo Christopher G. , Taylor Graeme M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractQuantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) is a new technology for measuring the body composition (wet lean mass, fat mass, and total body water mass) of unrestrained and unanesthetized animals. We conducted a validation study using two species of crayfish (mass range 5.5–27 g), American lobsters (680–732 g), and Madagascar hissing cockroaches (6.5–14 g) to assess the utility ofQMRfor quantifying the body composition of crustaceans and other large arthropods. A comparison of crayfish, lobster, and cockroach wet lean, fat, and body water masses calculated byQMRwith those obtained from the traditional chemical extraction method demonstrates thatQMRis a valid technology for analysis of wet lean mass and body water. Fat mass could not be accurately predicted, although this might be improved with the use of aQMRanalyzer designed specifically for animals of low fat content.QMRanalysis allows rapid (<4 min) and non‐destructive determination of body composition in field and lab environments, enabling researchers to conduct longitudinal studies and to increase the ethicality and practicality of studying rare or threatened species.
Dark flows and the cosmological axis
Authors: Tsagas Christos G. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Recent surveys indicate coherent large-scale peculiar motions, commonly referred to as ‘dark flows’, considerably stronger than expected. At the same time, an increasing number of reports suggest the presence of a weak dipolar anisotropy in the supernova data. The Universe seems to accelerate slightly faster in one direction and equally slower in the opposite. Also, this ‘cosmological axis’ lies fairly close to the cosmic microwave background dipole. Since apparent, dipole-like, anisotropies are the trademark signature of peculiar motions, we consider the possibility that these, seemingly unconnected, observations are actually related. In the process, we find that observers living inside a dark flow could experience locally accelerated expansion in a globally decelerating Universe. Moreover, to these observers, the acceleration should appear slightly faster in one direction and equally slower in the opposite, as if there is a preferred axis in the universe. When combined, these results open, in principle at least, the theoretical possibility of addressing the supernova data and the cosmic acceleration by appealing to dark flows rather than dark energy.
On the stellar populations of massive galaxies
Authors: De Lucia Gabriella , Borgani Stefano 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this Letter, we analyse the predicted physical properties of massive galaxies, in the framework of recent semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. All models considered account for winds driven by supernova explosions and suppression of gas condensation at the centre of relatively massive haloes by active galactic nuclei (AGN). We show that while these models successfully reproduce the old stellar populations observed for massive galaxies, they fail in reproducing their observed chemical abundances. This problem is alleviated but still present if AGN feedback is completely switched off. Moreover, in this case, model predictions fail in accounting for the old stellar ages of massive galaxies. We argue that the difficulty of semi-analytical models in simultaneously reproducing the observed ages and metallicities of massive galaxies signals a fundamental problem with the schemes that are currently adopted to model star formation, feedback and related recycling of gas and metals.
Impact of Merci Device Fracture on Clinical Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke after Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Shi Zhong‐Song , Duckwiler Gary R. , Loh Yince , Liebeskind David S. , Gonzalez Nestor R. , Tateshima Satoshi , Jahan Reza , Saver Jeffrey L. , Viñuela Fernando 
Published: August 2012

SummaryAimsTo investigate the frequency and predictors of Merci device fracture in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy and its impact on clinical outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by thrombectomy with the Merci Retriever and identified the presence of device fracture. The predictors of device fracture were assessed. We evaluated the impact of device fracture on hemorrhage and clinical outcome.ResultsOf 136 patients treated by thrombectomy, 6 (4.4%) experienced intraprocedural Merci device fracture. Internal carotid artery occlusion was associated with device fracture. The fractured X and L series Merci Retrievers were successfully ensnared in four patients. Patients with fractured devices had similar rates of successful revascularization with those without. In patients with fractured devices, no parenchymal hematomas were found, while hemorrhagic infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage were found in three and two patients, respectively. Patients with fractured devices tended to be more dependent (modified Rankin Scale ≥ 3) at discharge, but had similar rates of in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsMerci device fracture is relatively infrequent in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with thrombectomy. This complication may not increase the risk of parenchymal hematoma but tends to be associated with poor outcome.