bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial colonization of double J stents and bacteriuria frequency
Authors: Ozgur Berat Cem , Ekıcı Musa , Yuceturk Cem Nedım , Bayrak Omer 
Published: August 2013

AbstractStents and catheters are widely used in urology. In this study, the frequency of double J (DJ) stent colonization and stent‐associated bacteriuria was investigated. Between June 2011 and June 2012, 130 patients (17–72 years old) who underwent DJ stenting were enrolled in the study. Surgeries prior to stenting included stone extraction/lithotripsy, endopyelotomy, and diagnostic ureteroscopy. Prior to stenting, sterile urine samples were obtained, and urinary cultures were performed upon removal of the DJ stents, the second procedure. DJ stent cultures were also performed. Sixty‐three stents were inserted into the right ureter and 67 into the left ureter of the patients. Cultures showed bacterial colonization in 10 (7.7%) cases. There was no significant association between positive stent culture and patient age, sex, or stent laterality. The rate of colonization was 2.2%, 2.9%, and 25% when indwelling time was less than 4 weeks, 4–6 weeks, and more than 6 weeks, respectively. In the present study, the rate of infection associated with a DJ stent and urinary infection was not very high. However, bacterial colonization increases significantly with indwelling time of the stent, and sterile culture of urine does not rule out colonization of the stent. Bacteriological investigation showed very low rates of colonization within 6 weeks after the insertion of stents, indicating that ureteral stents can be used safely within that time period.
Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Shih Chih‐An , Ho Szu‐Pei , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Lai Kwok‐Hung , Hsu Ping‐I 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMesothelioma often originates in the pleura and less frequently in the peritoneum. This article describes a rare case of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a 54‐year‐old male construction worker who was admitted to our hospital with a 2‐month history of progressive abdominal distention. Abdominal computed tomography revealed extensive peritoneal nodularity and omental cake along with massive ascites. Imaging findings initially suggested peritoneal carcinomatosis, primary peritoneal carcinoma, and tuberculous peritonitis. Laparoscopic biopsy of the omentum and peritoneum confirmed the diagnosis of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma of epitheloid type. Although systemic chemotherapy was administered, no tumor regression was found. The patient finally died of nosocomial infection.
Lactobacillus acidophilussupplementation in human subjects and their resistance to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliinfection
Authors: Ouwehand A. C. , ten Bruggencate S. J. M. , Schonewille A. J. , Alhoniemi E. , Forssten S. D. , Bovee-Oudenhoven I. M. J. 
Published: August 2013

To assess the effect ofLactobacillus acidophilus(American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 700396) on enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) infection, in the present study, a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week intervention was performed in healthy males. The subjects largely consumed their habitual diet, but had to abstain from consuming dairy foods generally high in Ca. The subjects were randomised into theL. acidophilus(dose 109colony-forming units twice daily;n20) or the placebo (n19) group. After an adaptation period of 2 weeks, the subjects were orally infected with a live, but attenuated, ETEC vaccine, able to induce mild, short-lived symptoms. Before and after the challenge, the subjects recorded stool consistency, bowel habits, and frequency and severity of gastrointestinal complaints. The ETEC challenge led to a significant increase in faecal output on the 2nd day and a concomitant increase in Bristol stool scale scores. Likewise, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, fever, headache and nausea peaked 1 d after the oral challenge. The concentrations of faecal calprotectin and IgA peaked 2 d after and that of serum IgM peaked 9 and 15 d after the oral challenge. The concentrations of serum IgA and IgG were unaffected. The ETEC challenge led to a reduction in the number ofBacteroides–Prevotella,Bifidobacterium,Clostridiumcluster XIVab and total faecal bacteria. Probiotic treatment was associated with a larger increase in Bristol stool scale scores and more fever, headache and nausea after the ETEC challenge compared with the placebo treatment. These differences were, however, small and with substantial variation within the groups. Oral application of an attenuated live ETEC vaccine provides a useful model for food-borne infections. Supplementation withL. acidophilusATCC 700396, however, was ineffective in reducing ETEC infection symptoms in healthy men.
Carotenoids are more bioavailable from papaya than from tomato and carrot in humans: a randomised cross-over study
Authors: Schweiggert Ralf M. , Kopec Rachel E. , Villalobos-Gutierrez Maria G. , Högel Josef , Quesada Silvia , Esquivel Patricia , Schwartz Steven J. , Carle Reinhold 
Published: August 2013

Carrot, tomato and papaya represent important dietary sources of β-carotene and lycopene. The main objective of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of carotenoids from these food sources in healthy human subjects. A total of sixteen participants were recruited for a randomised cross-over study. Test meals containing raw carrots, tomatoes and papayas were adjusted to deliver an equal amount of β-carotene and lycopene. For the evaluation of bioavailability, TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions containing newly absorbed carotenoids were analysed over 9·5 h after test meal consumption. The bioavailability of β-carotene from papayas was approximately three times higher than that from carrots and tomatoes, whereas differences in the bioavailability of β-carotene from carrots and tomatoes were insignificant. Retinyl esters appeared in the TRL fractions at a significantly higher concentration after the consumption of the papaya test meal. Similarly, lycopene was approximately 2·6 times more bioavailable from papayas than from tomatoes. Furthermore, the bioavailability of β-cryptoxanthin from papayas was shown to be 2·9 and 2·3 times higher than that of the other papaya carotenoids β-carotene and lycopene, respectively. The morphology of chromoplasts and the physical deposition form of carotenoids were hypothesised to play a major role in the differences observed in the bioavailability of carotenoids from the foods investigated. Particularly, the liquid-crystalline deposition of β-carotene and the storage of lycopene in very small crystalloids in papayas were found to be associated with their high bioavailability. In conclusion, papaya was shown to provide highly bioavailable β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene and may represent a readily available dietary source of provitamin A for reducing the incidence of vitamin A deficiencies in many subtropical and tropical developing countries.
The causal meaning of Fisher's average effect
Authors: LEE JAMES J. , CHOW CARSON C. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn order to formulate the Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection, Fisher defined theaverage excessandaverage effectof a gene substitution. Finding these notions to be somewhat opaque, some authors have recommended reformulating Fisher's ideas in terms of covariance and regression, which are classical concepts of statistics. We argue that Fisher intended his two averages to express a distinction between correlation and causation. On this view, the average effect is a specific weighted average of the actual phenotypic changes that result from physically changing the allelic states of homologous genes. We show that the statistical and causal conceptions of the average effect, perceived as inconsistent by Falconer, can be reconciled if certain relationships between the genotype frequencies and non-additive residuals are conserved. There are certain theory-internal considerations favouring Fisher's original formulation in terms of causality; for example, the frequency-weighted mean of the average effects equaling zero at each locus becomes a derivable consequence rather than an arbitrary constraint. More broadly, Fisher's distinction between correlation and causation is of critical importance to gene-trait mapping studies and the foundations of evolutionary biology.
Sparse group penalized integrative analysis of multiple cancer prognosis datasets
Authors: LIU JIN , HUANG JIAN , XIE YANG , MA SHUANGGE 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn cancer research, high-throughput profiling studies have been extensively conducted, searching for markers associated with prognosis. Owing to the ‘large d, small n’ characteristic, results generated from the analysis of a single dataset can be unsatisfactory. Recent studies have shown that integrative analysis, which simultaneously analyses multiple datasets, can be more effective than single-dataset analysis and classic meta-analysis. In most of existing integrative analysis, the homogeneity model has been assumed, which postulates that different datasets share the same set of markers. Several approaches have been designed to reinforce this assumption. In practice, different datasets may differ in terms of patient selection criteria, profiling techniques, and many other aspects. Such differences may make the homogeneity model too restricted. In this study, we assume the heterogeneity model, under which different datasets are allowed to have different sets of markers. With multiple cancer prognosis datasets, we adopt the accelerated failure time model to describe survival. This model may have the lowest computational cost among popular semiparametric survival models. For marker selection, we adopt a sparse group minimax concave penalty approach. This approach has an intuitive formulation and can be computed using an effective group coordinate descent algorithm. Simulation study shows that it outperforms the existing approaches under both the homogeneity and heterogeneity models. Data analysis further demonstrates the merit of heterogeneity model and proposed approach.
CONSANGUINITY ON ROBINSON CRUSOE ISLAND, AN ISOLATED CHILEAN POPULATION
Authors: VILLANUEVA PIA , FERNÁNDEZ MARIA A. , DE BARBIERI ZULEMA , PALOMINO HERNÁN 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe population of Robinson Crusoe Island is estimated at 633 inhabitants. The current population has a common origin from the first eight families who colonized the island at the end of the 19th century. The objective of this study was to determine the rates of consanguinity, the average coefficients of inbreeding, the types of consanguineous marriages and the inbreeding evolution between 1900 and 2000 on the island. All marriages registered on the island, from the last colonization until 2000 (417 in total), were included in the analysis. In addition, extended genealogies were obtained. The consanguinity rate was 14.9% and the average coefficient of inbreeding (α) 54.05×10–4. The most frequent type of consanguineous marriages was between second cousins, followed by first cousins. The average value of the first/second cousin ratio was 1.11. The population of Robinson Crusoe Island has a high rate of inbreeding. The unique characteristic of the island – its small current population, originating from just a few families, with small rate of gene flow – could explain the observed high and increasing consanguinity.
Fronto-limbic-striatal dysfunction in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar disorder: impact of face emotion and attentional demands
Authors: Brotman M. A. , Tseng W.-L. , Olsavsky A. K. , Fromm S. J. , Muhrer E. J. , Rutenberg J. G. , Deveney C. M. , Adleman N. E. , Zarate C. A. , Pine D. S. , Leibenluft E. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundResearch in bipolar disorder (BD) implicates fronto-limbic-striatal dysfunction during face emotion processing but it is unknown how such dysfunction varies by task demands, face emotion and patient age.MethodDuring functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 181 participants, including 62 BD (36 children and 26 adults) and 119 healthy comparison (HC) subjects (57 children and 62 adults), engaged in constrained and unconstrained processing of emotional (angry, fearful, happy) and non-emotional (neutral) faces. During constrained processing, subjects answered questions focusing their attention on the face; this was processed either implicitly (nose width rating) or explicitly (hostility; subjective fear ratings). Unconstrained processing consisted of passive viewing.ResultsPediatric BD rated neutral faces as more hostile than did other groups. In BD patients, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected region of interest (ROI) analyses revealed dysfunction in the amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and putamen. Patients with BD showed amygdala hyperactivation during explicit processing (hostility ratings) of fearful faces and passive viewing of angry and neutral faces but IFG hypoactivation during implicit processing of neutral and happy faces. In the ACC and striatum, the direction of dysfunction varied by task demand: BD demonstrated hyperactivation during unconstrained processing of angry or neutral faces but hypoactivation during constrained processing (implicit or explicit) of angry, neutral or happy faces.ConclusionsFindings suggest amygdala hyperactivation in BD while processing negatively valenced and neutral faces, regardless of attentional condition, and BD IFG hypoactivation during implicit processing. In the cognitive control circuit involving the ACC and putamen, BD neural dysfunction was sensitive to task demands.
Varicella vaccine uptake and associated factors in children in Hong Kong
Authors: CHAN J. Y. C. , LEUNG K. M. , TAM W. W. S. , LEE A. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYVaricella is a common and highly contagious childhood disease which impacts the public worldwide. Hong Kong children can only be vaccinated against the disease in private practice. The varicella vaccination rate of local children in preschool is uncertain. Therefore a cross-sectional kindergarten-based parent-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Hong Kong during 2012. Twelve kindergartens were randomly selected from a complete school list from the Education Bureau of Hong Kong. In total, 1285/1538 (83·6%) parents consented to join the study and completed the questionnaires. The overall varicella infection rate was 19·5% and the uptake of varicella vaccination rate was 57·6%. Barriers against varicella vaccination were mostly due to parental uncertainties about the effectiveness of vaccine, lack of recommendations from doctors or government, and adverse side-effects of the vaccine. The government and healthcare professional bodies are strongly recommended to further enhance health education among healthcare professionals, encouraging their active promotion of varicella vaccination for their patients. Furthermore, health education through various stakeholders is crucial to enhance parental awareness of varicella, as well as the effectiveness and safety of varicella vaccine.
Cost of childhood diarrhoea in rural South Africa: exploring cost-effectiveness of universal zinc supplementation
Authors: Chhagan Meera K , Van den Broeck Jan , Luabeya Kany-Kany Angelique , Mpontshane Nontobeko , Bennish Michael L 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the cost of diarrhoeal illness in children aged 6–24 months in a rural South African community and to determine the threshold prevalence of stunting at which universal Zn plus vitamin A supplementation (VAZ) would be more cost-effective than vitamin A alone (VA) in preventing diarrhoea.DesignWe conducted a cost analysis using primary and secondary data sources. Using simulations we examined incremental costs of VAZ relative to VA while varying stunting prevalence.SettingData on efficacy and societal costs were largely from a South African trial. Secondary data were from local and international published sources.SubjectsThe trial included children aged 6–24 months. The secondary data sources were a South African health economics survey and the WHO-CHOICE (CHOosing Interventions that are Cost Effective) database.ResultsIn the trial, stunted children supplemented with VAZ had 2·04 episodes (95 % CI 1·37, 3·05) of diarrhoea per child-year compared with 3·92 episodes (95 % CI 3·02, 5·09) in the VA arm. Average cost of illness was $Int 7·80 per episode (10th, 90th centile: $Int 0·28, $Int 15·63), assuming a minimum standard of care (oral rehydration and 14 d of therapeutic Zn). In simulation scenarios universal VAZ had low incremental costs or became cost-saving relative to VA when the prevalence of stunting was close to 20 %. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were sensitive to the cost of intervention and coverage levels.ConclusionsThis simulation suggests that universal VAZ would be cost-effective at current levels of stunting in parts of South Africa. This requires further validation under actual programmatic conditions.
Witold Lutosławski and the Ethics of Abstraction
Authors: JAKELSKI LISA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractScholars have struggled to reconcile the expressive immediacy of Witold Lutosławski's works with his claims that he wrote absolute music. This article seeks a more nuanced understanding of the place of abstraction in Lutosławski's creative practice by exploring connections between his 1981 speeches on artistic ethics and his approach to melodic construction inChain 2(1984–5). Lutosławski's words and music both rely on convention, and recycle rhetoric from his past. But these are not their only correspondences. They also engage with a trio of concepts – withdrawal, integrity, and autonomy – that are at the heart of a moral code Lutosławski articulated in response to the volatile political conditions of 1980s Poland. The article thus sheds new light on the entanglement of modernism, ethics, and politics in the late twentieth century, while illuminating what the idea of abstraction may have meant in a particular time and place.
Prevalence and predictors of maternal postpartum depressed mood and anhedonia by race and ethnicity
Authors: Liu C. H. , Tronick E. 
Published: August 2013

Aims.Depression requires the presence of either depressed mood or anhedonia, yet little research attention has been focused on distinguishing these two symptoms. This study aimed to obtain the prevalence rates of these two core depression symptoms and to explore the risk factors for each symptom by race/ethnicity.Methods.2423 White, African American, Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women from the Massachusetts area completed the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 2007 to 2008.Results.Socioeconomic variables (SES) accounted for increased rates in depressed mood and anhedonia among African Americans and Hispanics compared with Whites. API women were still 2.1 times more likely to report anhedonia after controlling for SES. Stressors were associated with depressed mood across groups and associated with anhedonia for Whites and Hispanics. Having a female infant was associated with depressed mood for APIs. Being non-US born was associated with anhedonia for Whites, APIs and African Americans, but not Hispanics.Conclusions.Prevalence rates for depressed mood and anhedonia differ across race/ethnic groups and risks associated with depressed mood and anhedonia depend on the race/ethnic group, suggesting the importance of distinguishing depressed mood from anhedonia in depression assessment and careful inquiry regarding symptom experiences with a diverse patient population.
Evaluation of an In Silico PBPK Post‐Bariatric Surgery Model through Simulating Oral Drug Bioavailability of Atorvastatin and Cyclosporine
Authors: Darwich AS , Pade D , Rowland‐Yeo K , Jamei M , Åsberg A , Christensen H , Ashcroft DM , Rostami‐Hodjegan A 
Published: August 2013

An increasing prevalence of morbid obesity has led to dramatic increases in the number of bariatric surgeries performed. Altered gastrointestinal physiology following surgery can be associated with modified oral drug bioavailability (Foral). In the absence of clinical data, an indication of changes to Foral via systems pharmacology models would be of value in adjusting dose levels after surgery. A previously developed virtual “post‐bariatric surgery” population was evaluated through mimicking clinical investigations on cyclosporine and atorvastatin after bariatric surgery. Cyclosporine simulations displayed a reduced fraction absorbed through gut wall (fa) and Foral after surgery, consistent with reported observations. Simulated atorvastatin Foral postsurgery was broadly reflective of observed data with indications of counteracting interplay between reduced fa and an increased fraction escaping gut wall metabolism (FG). Inability to fully recover observed atorvastatin exposure after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch highlights the current gap regarding the knowledge of associated biological changes.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e47; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.23; advance online publication 12 June 2013
Fragmentation and Drought Legacy Correlate with Distribution of Burrhead Chub in Subtropical Streams of North America
Authors: Perkin Joshuah S. , Shattuck Zachary R. , Gerken Joseph E. , Bonner Timothy H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBurrhead Chub Macrhybopsis marconis is a species of special concern endemic to subtropical streams in south Texas. We documented life history attributes and historical patterns in abundance and distribution to aid in understanding range‐wide declines of the species among the Colorado and Guadalupe‐San Antonio River systems. Life history results suggest Burrhead Chub lives for 2 years, reaches sexual maturity at age‐1, and spawns multiple clutches during March–September. Review of museum vouchers revealed Burrhead Chub is now missing from 26% of its historical range, including most impounded stream segments. There was a significant difference in the size of stream fragments for which Burrhead Chub is missing or still persists. Timing of many extirpations occurred after fragmentation and coincided with a record drought (1949–1959) when range‐wide stream flows were exceedingly low during the Burrhead Chub reproductive season. Furthermore, extensive historical collections taken during 1950–1961 in the Guadalupe River revealed a decline in relative abundance in upstream reaches as the drought continued. Based on these data, we hypothesize that Burrhead Chub experienced range‐wide declines associated with historical drought conditions in desiccated stream fragments. Following the drought, stream flows recovered but recolonization by Burrhead Chub was blocked by impoundments in many fragments. These findings support previous linkages between stream connectivity, flow magnitude, and the persistence of fish populations while providing insight into the mechanisms driving freshwater fish declines in the plains of North America.
Sport and exercise psychology research and Olympic success: An analytical and correlational investigation
Authors: Szabo Attila 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of the current inquiry was to identify the national origin of scholars who lead the work in the area of Sport and Exercise Psychology, and to examine whether their research output is connected to the Olympic success of their national athletes. Consequently, the two specialised journals with the highest impact factors in this field were examined for the origin of publications throughout 11 years for authors' national affiliations. Subsequently, the link between national research output and Olympic medals was examined. The results revealed that over 50% of the publications originate from Canada, the UK and the USA. National research output in Sport and Exercise Psychology was correlated with the number of Olympic medals; the proportion of shared variance was 42% and 57%, respectively, in the two journals. Nevertheless, it is posited that the observed link is primarily due to other factors that ought to be examined in future research.