bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution and temporal evolution of crustal melt distribution beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9°–10°N inferred from 3‐D seafloor compliance modeling
Authors: Zha Yang , Webb Spahr C. , Nooner Scott. L. , Crawford Wayne C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDetermining the melt distribution in oceanic crust at mid‐ocean ridges is critical to understanding how magma is transported and emplaced in the crust. Seafloor compliance—deformation under ocean wave forcing—is primarily sensitive to regions of low shear velocity in the crust, making it a useful tool to probe melt distribution. Analysis of compliance data collected at East Pacific Rise between 9° and 10°N through 3‐D numerical modeling reveals strong along‐axis variations in the lower crustal shear velocities, as well as temporal variation of crustal shear velocity near 9°48′N between measurements spanning 8 years. Compliance measured across the rise axis at 9°48′N and 9°33′N suggest a deep crustal low‐velocity zone beneath the ridge axis, with a low Vs/Vp ratio consistent with melt in low aspect ratio cracks or sills. Changes in compliance measured at 9°48′N between years 1999 and 2007 suggest that the melt fraction in the axial crust decreased during this interval, perhaps following the 2005–2006 seafloor eruption. This temporal variability provides direct evidence for short‐term variations of the magmatic system at a fast spreading ridge.
Prevalence of adiposity and associated cardiometabolic risk factors in the samoan genome‐wide association study
Authors: Hawley Nicola L. , Minster Ryan L. , Weeks Daniel E. , Viali Satupaitea , Reupena Muagututia Sefuiva , Sun Guangyun , Cheng Hong , Deka Ranjan , Mcgarvey Stephen T. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of obesity‐related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and associated risk factors in a sample of Samoan adults studied in 2010 as part of a genome‐wide assocation study (GWAS) for obesity related traits.MethodsAnthropometric and biochemical data collected from n = 3,475 participants (n = 1,437 male; n = 2,038 female) aged 24.5 to <65 years were used to describe the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia within the study sample. One way analysis of variance, χ2 tests, and binary logistic regression were used to identify differences in disease and risk factor prevalence by 10‐year age group, gender, or by census region of residence.ResultsObesity was highly prevalent among the study sample; 64.6% of females and 41.2% of males were obese according to Polynesian cutoffs (BMI ≥ 32 kg/m2). Females were less likely than males to have hypertension (31.7% vs. 36.7%) but equally likely to have diabetes (17.8% vs. 16.4%). With the exception of obesity and low HDL‐cholesterol in females only, there were significant differences in the prevalence of all NCDs and associated risk factors by age group, with the oldest age group (55 to <65 years) most affected. In both sexes, residents of the Apia Urban Area were at significantly greater risk of obesity, diabetes, low HDL‐cholesterol, and high triglycerides than residents of the more rural Savaii region.ConclusionsThe phenotypic characteristics of this sample provide evidence of a continuation of previously reported temporal trends toward obesity and its associated disorders. Attention must be paid to the critical NCD situation in Samoa. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:491–501, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ursprung der Selektivität und Aktivität von Ru‐Clusterkatalysatoren für die Brennstoffzellen‐Prozessgasreinigung: ein Gasphasenansatz
Authors: Lang Sandra M. , Bernhardt Thorsten M. , Krstić Marjan , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRutheniumcluster Run+ (n=2–6) in der Gasphase werden als Modellsysteme verwendet, um den Ursprung der außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften trägerfixierter subnanometergroßer Rutheniumpartikel bei der katalytischen CO‐Methanisierung mit Bezug zur Wasserstoff‐Prozessgasreinigung für hochentwickelte Brennstoffzellenanwendungen aufzudecken. Mithilfe von Ionenfallen‐Massenspektrometrie und Ab‐initio‐Dichtfunktionalrechnungen werden folgende Eigenschaften dieser Cluster ausgemacht, die die Selektivität und katalytische Aktivität bestimmen: hohe Reaktivität gegenüber CO bei gleichzeitiger Inertheit gegenüber CO2; Förderung der kooperativ verstärkten H2‐Koadsorption und ‐Dissozation auf den zuvor gebildeten Rutheniumcarbonylclustern (d. h., es findet keine CO‐Vergiftung statt); die Gegenwart von Ru‐Atomplätzen mit einer niedrigen Zahl von Metall‐Metall‐Bindungen, die besonders aktiv für die H2‐Koadsorption und ‐Aktivierung sind. Weiterhin liefern Rechnungen mechanistische Einblicke in die CO‐Methanisierung und decken einen Reaktionsweg auf, der die Bildung einer Formyl‐artigen Zwischenstufe umfasst.
Planung und Bau von Liegestellen am Ober‐ und Mittelrhein
Authors: Melzer Judith , Dormann Michael , Herbort Johannes 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDer Rhein ist die mit Abstand bedeutendste Binnenwasserstraße in Deutschland. Zur Gewährleistung der Sicherheit und Leichtigkeit der Rheinschifffahrt sind entsprechende Rahmenbedingungen für den durchgehenden und ruhenden Verkehr zu schaffen. Aufgrund der Veränderung der Flottenstruktur und des Wegfalls von früheren Liegestellen stehen für die Rheinschiffer heute keine ausreichenden Liegemöglichkeiten mehr zur Verfügung. Zur Verbesserung der Situation am Ober‐ und Mittelrhein plant die Wasser‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes den Bau von insgesamt 14 Liegestellen für jeweils zwei bis zwölf Schiffe auf einer Strecke von ca. 290 km zwischen Iffezheim und Brohl. Durch die Realisierung der ersten Maßnahmen in Iffezheim, Sondernheim und Koblenz‐Wallersheim konnte bereits eine Verbesserung der Situation erreicht werden, die Umsetzung der Planungen an den elf weiteren Standorten wird in den nächsten Jahren folgen.Planning and construction of berths at the Upper and Middle Rhine. Infrastructure's improvement for stationary ship trafficThe Rhine represents Germany's most important inland waterway by far. In order to ensure a safe and smooth ship traffic it is essential to create suitable basic conditions for the stationary ship traffic as well as for the active ship traffic. Insufficient berths are available nowadays, due to Rhine shipping's evolution in fleet structure. Furthermore there is a lack of former berths. The Federal Water and Shipping Administration is planning new constructions as well as the reconstruction of further and existing berths. Thus, 14 berths emerge at the Upper and Middle Rhine. Each one has a capacity for 2 until 12 ships and is located on a route of 290 km between Iffezheim and Brohl. Initial improvement was already achieved by the construction of berths in Iffezheim, Sondernheim and Koblenz‐Wallersheim. Further 11 construction projects will follow within the next years.
Randnahe Mehrfachbefestigungen unter kombinierter Belastung
Authors: Lachinger Stefan , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBefestigungen an Betontragwerken finden sich in der Baupraxis oftmals in der Nähe freier Ränder. Aufgrund von hohen Lasten und konservativen Annahmen im Bemessungsverfahren zeigen sich derartige Befestigungen oftmals problematisch in der Bemessung. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit randnahen Mehrfachbefestigungen unter kombinierter Zug‐ und Querbeanspruchung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Montagetoleranzen. Basierend auf experimentellen Untersuchungen wird das Bruchverhalten analysiert und ein Vorschlag für eine Erweiterung des derzeitigen Bemessungskonzepts aufgezeigt, welche eine höhere Auslastung der Befestigung bei Einhaltung der geforderten Sicherheit ermöglicht.Close to the edge anchorages under inclined loadingFixtures in concrete structures are often situated close to free edges of the concrete. Analytical proof of this fastenings can be problematic because of high loads and conservative assumptions within the design concept. The work presented in this paper deals with close to the edge fastenings unter inclined loading with consideration of installation tolerances. Based on experiments the fracture behaviour is analysed and a possible enhancement to the current design concept, derived from the experimental observed behaviour, is introduced. This enhancement can allow for a higher utilization of the fixture while keeping the required safety level.
Halogen‐ and Hydrogen‐Bonded Salts and Co‐crystals Formed from 4‐Halo‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorophenol and Cyclic Secondary and Tertiary Amines: Orthogonal and Non‐orthogonal Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding, and Synthetic Analogues of Halogen‐Bonded Biological Systems
Authors: Takemura Akihiro , McAllister Linda J. , Hart Sam , Pridmore Natalie E. , Karadakov Peter B. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Bruce Duncan W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCo‐crystallisation of, in particular, 4‐iodotetrafluorophenol with a series of secondary and tertiary cyclic amines results in deprotonation of the phenol and formation of the corresponding ammonium phenate. Careful examination of the X‐ray single‐crystal structures shows that the phenate anion develops a CO double bond and that the CC bond lengths in the ring suggest a Meissenheimer‐like delocalisation. This delocalisation is supported by the geometry of the phenate anion optimised at the MP2(Full) level of theory within the aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis (aug‐cc‐pVDZ‐PP on I) and by natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. With sp2 hybridisation at the phenate oxygen atom, there is strong preference for the formation of two non‐covalent interactions with the oxygen sp2 lone pairs and, in the case of secondary amines, this occurs through hydrogen bonding to the ammonium hydrogen atoms. However, where tertiary amines are concerned, there are insufficient hydrogen atoms available and so an electrophilic iodine atom from a neighbouring 4‐iodotetrafluorophenate group forms an I⋅⋅⋅O halogen bond to give the second interaction. However, in some co‐crystals with secondary amines, it is also found that in addition to the two hydrogen bonds forming with the phenate oxygen sp2 lone pairs, there is an additional intermolecular I⋅⋅⋅O halogen bond in which the electrophilic iodine atom interacts with the CO π‐system. All attempts to reproduce this behaviour with 4‐bromotetrafluorophenol were unsuccessful. These structural motifs are significant as they reproduce extremely well, in low‐molar‐mass synthetic systems, motifs found by Ho and co‐workers when examining halogen‐bonding interactions in biological systems. The analogy is cemented through the structures of co‐crystals of 1,4‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene with acetamide and with N‐methylbenzamide, which, as designed models, demonstrate the orthogonality of hydrogen and halogen bonding proposed in Ho’s biological study.
The response of newly born mice to odors of murine colostrum and milk: Unconditionally attractive, conditionally discriminated
Authors: Al Aïn Syrina , Mingioni Mathieu , Patris Bruno , Schaal Benoist 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIt is a general rule that milk conveys chemosensory cues that are attractive to mammalian neonates. This study investigated whether compositional fluctuations in milk along lactation induce variations in newborn mouse pups' (Mus musculus, strain BALB/c) attraction to milk odor. Pups differing in suckling experience were exposed to the odor of milk sampled from females varying in lactational stage. Immediately after birth, suckling‐inexperienced (P0) and suckling‐experienced (P0suck) pups were assayed in a series of paired‐choice tests contrasting murine milk [of lactation days 0, 3, 15 (abridged L0, L3, L15, respectively)] and a blank (water) to evaluate olfactory detection and attraction of milk odor. Preference tests further paired these milk two‐by‐two to assess their relative attraction. Results showed first that P0 and P0suck pups detect and positively orient to any milk odor. When L0 is presented against L15 milk, P0 pups orient for a similar duration towards these odor stimuli, whereas P0suck pups spend more time toward the odor of L0 than of L15 milk. Finally, P0suck pups orient similarly to odors of L0 milk collected before/after the first suckling episode (L0 and L0suck, respectively), but the odor of L0 milk was more attractive than that of L3 milk. Thus, mouse pups' positive orientation toward the odors of murine colostrum (assumed to correspond to L0/L0suck milk) and later‐lactation milk appears unconditional of previous suckling experience, whereas their ability to discriminate or display preference between milk differing in lactation stage appears conditional on postnatal exposure effects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1365–1376, 2014.
Effects of hunting on cougar spatial organization
Authors: Maletzke Benjamin T. , Wielgus Robert , Koehler Gary M. , Swanson Mark , Cooley Hilary , Alldredge J. Richard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe effects of increased mortality on the spatial dynamics of solitary carnivores are not well understood. We examined the spatial ecology of two cougar populations that differed in hunting intensity to test whether increased mortality affected home range size and overlap. The stability hypothesis predicts that home range size and overlap will be similar for both sexes among the two areas. The instability hypothesis predicts that home range size and overlap will be greater in the heavily hunted population, although may differ for males versus females due to behavior strategies. We marked 22 adult resident cougars in the lightly hunted population and 20 in the heavily hunted population with GPS collars from 2002 to 2008. Cougar densities and predation rates were similar among areas, suggesting no difference in per capita resources. We compared home range size, two‐dimensional home range overlap, and three‐dimensional utilization distribution overlap index (UDOI) among annual home ranges for male and female cougars. Male cougars in the heavily hunted area had larger sized home ranges and greater two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional UDOI overlap than those in the lightly hunted area. Females showed no difference in size and overlap of home range areas between study populations – further suggesting that differences in prey quantity and distribution between study areas did not explain differences in male spatial organization. We reject the spatial stability hypothesis and provide evidence to support the spatial instability hypothesis. Increased hunting and ensuing increased male home range size and overlap may result in negative demographic effects for cougars and potential unintended consequences for managers.
Diffusion tensor imaging studies in late‐life depression: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wen Ming‐Ching , Steffens David C. , Chen Mei‐Kuang , Zainal Nur Hani 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesLate‐life depression (LLD) is the association with more cerebrovascular susceptibilities and white matter damage that can be assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). To better understand the white matter pathological alterations in LLD, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for DTI studies comparing patients with LLD and healthy controls. For each study, details regarding participants, imaging methods, and results were extracted. Fractional anisotropy, an index of white matter integrity, was the dependent variable for group comparison. Effect sizes indicating the degree of group difference were estimated by random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 15 eligible studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, nine of which were suitable for quantitative meta‐analyses for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), corpus callosum, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus (UF). Compared with the healthy control group, the LLD group showed lower fractional anisotropy in the DLPFC and UF with a large and a medium effect size, respectively, although heterogeneity and publication bias were found in the DLPFC.ConclusionDiffusion tensor imaging studies of LLD consistently showed reduced anisotropy in the DLPFC and UF of patients with LLD. These damaged regions are located with the frontostriatal and limbic networks. Thus, our findings showed that the disruption of frontal and frontal‐to‐limbic white matter tracts contributes to the pathogenesis of LLD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for Attribute‐Level Non‐Attendance in a Health Choice Experiment: Does it Matter?
Authors: Erdem Seda , Campbell Danny , Hole Arne Risa 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAn extensive literature has established that it is common for respondents to ignore attributes of the alternatives within choice experiments. In most of the studies on attribute non‐attendance, it is assumed that respondents consciously (or unconsciously) ignore one or more attributes of the alternatives, regardless of their levels. In this paper, we present a new line of enquiry and approach for modelling non‐attendance in the context of investigating preferences for health service innovations. This approach recognises that non‐attendance may not just be associated with attributes but may also apply to the attribute's levels. Our results show that respondents process each level of an attribute differently: while attending to the attribute, they ignore a subset of the attribute's levels. In such cases, the usual approach of assuming that respondents either attend to the attribute or not, irrespective of its levels, is erroneous and could lead to misguided policy recommendations. Our results indicate that allowing for attribute‐level non‐attendance leads to substantial improvements in the model fit and has an impact on estimated marginal willingness to pay and choice predictions.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐vascular imaging experiences of time‐of‐flight MRA at 7T for cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Kang Chang‐Ki , Park Chan‐A , Lee Yeong‐Bae , Park Cheol‐Wan , Hong Suk‐Min , Kim Young‐Bo , Cho Zang‐Hee 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSurgical or endovascular approaches have proved effective for large‐vessel diseases over the past decade. However, approaches for small vessel diseases are unlikely to be accomplished by those for large vessels and only few have been applied, because it is hard to access to those small vessels and one could not directly delineate the affected small vessels due to a lack of detection modalities. This study is to examine patients with vascular diseases using ultra‐high field 7T MRI with conventional time‐of‐flight (TOF) sequence, 3D fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) gradient‐echo. We have evaluated several radio‐frequency (RF) coils to find the optimal one for 7T magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), especially for micro‐vascular imaging. We have conducted several comparison studies with vascular disease patients. The results showed that micro‐vessels such as lenticulostriate arteries in the subjects with risk factors like hypertension or stroke patients were significantly less than in the healthy subjects. 7T MRA images in steno‐occlusive patients also showed clearly numerous collateral vessels not visible by 1.5T or 3T MRA. Furthermore, 7T MRA images were comparable to those obtained by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), particularly for micro‐vascular imaging. In this article, we would like to share the clinical experiences on 7T MRA that vascular images of 7T MRA were superior to conventional angiography images including 1.5T and 3T MRA, and even comparable to DSA. We also expect that further technical development and clinical applications of 7T MRA would be a clinically important diagnostic tool, in terms of an early detection of the stroke in a totally non‐invasive manner. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 121–128, 2014
Neurofeedback using functional spectroscopy
Authors: Hinds Oliver , Wighton Paul , Dylan Tisdall M. , Hess Aaron , Breiter Hans , van der Kouwe André 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTNeurofeedback based on real‐time measurement of the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal has potential for treatment of neurological disorders and behavioral enhancement. Commonly used methods are based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequences that sacrifice speed and accuracy for whole‐brain coverage, which is unnecessary in most applications. We present multivoxel functional spectroscopy (MVFS): a system for computing the BOLD signal from multiple volumes of interest (VOI) in real‐time that improves speed and accuracy of neurofeedback. MVFS consists of a FS pulse sequence, a BOLD reconstruction component, a neural activation estimator, and a stimulus system. The FS pulse sequence is a single‐voxel, magnetic resonance spectroscopy sequence without water suppression that has been extended to allow acquisition of a different VOI at each repetition and real‐time subject head motion compensation. The BOLD reconstruction component determines the T2* decay rate, which is directly related to BOLD signal strength. The neural activation estimator discounts nuisance signals and scales the activation relative to the amount of ROI noise. Finally, the neurofeedback system presents neural activation‐dependent stimuli to experimental subjects with an overall delay of less than 1 s. Here, we present the MVFS system, validation of certain components, examples of its usage in a practical application, and a direct comparison of FS and echo‐planar imaging BOLD measurements. We conclude that in the context of realtime BOLD imaging, MVFS can provide superior accuracy and temporal resolution compared with standard fMRI methods. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 24, 138–148, 2014
Regeneration of posterior segments and terminal structures in the bearded fireworm, Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae)
Authors: Ahrens Joseph B. , Kudenov Jerry D. , Marshall Christopher D. , Schulze Anja 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTLike many other annelids, bearded fireworms, Hermodice carunculata, are capable of regenerating posterior body segments and terminal structures lost to amputation. Although previous research has examined anterior regeneration in other fireworm species, posterior regenerative ability in fireworms remains poorly studied. As the morphology of the anal lobe (a small, fleshy terminal structure of unknown function) has been used to distinguish East and West Atlantic H. carunculata populations, there is a more imminent need to understand the morphology and organization of tissues in specimens undergoing posterior regeneration, and the timeframe in which significant developmental changes occur. To further investigate this phenomenon, we amputated the posterior segments of living H. carunculata specimens collected from the Gulf of Mexico and monitored posterior regeneration over a 6‐month study period. Although many aspects of posterior regeneration in H. carunculata are consistent with the findings of other annelid regeneration studies, histological analysis revealed that once formed, anal lobe morphology remains relatively unchanged at all stages of posterior regeneration; East Atlantic morphotypes were not observed in the West Atlantic specimens studied here. Additionally, we found that the ventral nerve chord, which is partially responsible for the regeneration of lost body parts in polychaete annelids, terminates within the anal lobe, suggesting that this structure may play a role in the formation of new segments. J. Morphol. 275:1103–1112, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.