bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumo autoreportado de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en una población habitante de calle de Cali-Colombia
Authors: Hernández-Carrillo Mauricio , Álvarez-Claros Katherine E. , Osorio-Sabogal Iván Alberto 
Published: October 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo </strong>Determinar la prevalencia autoreportada de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales en una población habitante de calle de la ciudad de Cali.</p><p><strong>Métodos: </strong>Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia de periodo. La población objetivo fueron 763 habitantes de calle registrados durante el año 2010 en la base de datos proporcionada por un hogar de paso de la ciudad de Cali. El análisis estadístico se realizó en R versión 3.2.0. Investigación sin riesgo según la resolución 8430 de 1993.</p><p><strong>Resultados El </strong>76,9 % de los habitantes de calle reconoce que consume algún tipo de sustancia psicoactiva ilegal (SPAI). Las sustancias que presentaron mayor prevalencia de consumo en esta población fueron: la marihuana (51,2 %), el bazuco (44,6 %) y la cocaína (11,3 %). Se encontró que 28,6 % de los habitantes de calle consumen SPAI más de tres veces por día y que la principal vía de administración es fumada (54,7 %). La mitad de los entrevistados manifestó haber estado internado alguna vez en un centro de rehabilitación.</p><p><strong>Discu<strong>sión </strong></strong>Las cifras del presente estudio muestran que el consumo de SPAI afecta de manera significativa la población habitante de calle, siendo la marihuana y el bazuco las de mayor uso, situación compleja si se tiene en cuenta su fácil acceso y los graves efectos degenerativos que causan en la salud física y mental de quienes las consumen. Por esto es necesario apoyar iniciativas encaminadas a intervenir este fenómeno social. </p>
Ambientes escolares saludables
Authors: Quintero Corzo Josefina , Munévar Molina Raúl Ancízar , Munévar Quintero Fabio Ignacio 
Published: October 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo </strong>Determinar las características de los ambientes escolares y su relación con el aprendizaje, el bienestar y la salud de los estudiantes.</p><p><strong>Método </strong>Enfoque de ecología del aula, sustentado en el paradigma cualitativo comprensivo de estudio de casos, desarrollado en seis escuelas públicas de estrato uno y dos. La información se recolectó mediante instrumentos y técnicas etnográficos tales como diarios de campo, filmaciones, registros observacionales y entrevistas. Análisis categorial en ciclos abiertos generales y focalizados.</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong> El enfoque ecología del aula permitió entender la relación entre los ambientes escolares, la salud y el bienestar en los procesos pedagógicos. Es preocupante el riesgo al que están expuestos los estudiantes por la contaminación y el hacinamiento que caracterizan las aulas presenciales, mientras que en las salas de computadores, el ambiente es más saludable. Existe interés y toma de conciencia por parte de las instituciones educativas en cuanto a la necesidad de incorporar estas temáticas en las reformas curriculares y en generar planes de acción que orienten la vida saludable del escolar y sus familias. Las escuelas realizan estrategias curriculares como talleres, charlas y conferencias de especialistas, tesis de grado, prácticas universitarias y el acceso controlado a internet. Se encontraron ideas y proyectos innovadores pero adolecen de presupuestos.</p><p><strong>Conclusión </strong>La comunidad educativa entiende que el concepto de salud forma parte integral del concepto de educación. Así mismo, la ecología del aula ofrece implicaciones determinantes para aprender y convivir en ambientes agradables, saludables incorporados a los proyectos educativos instituciones. </p><br /><!--[endif] -->
Síndromes de filiación cultural atendidos por médicos tradicionales
Authors: Flores Adrián Urióstegui 
Published: October 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo</strong> En el presente trabajo se parte de los conceptos teóricos de la epidemiología sociocultural para estudiar los síndromes de filiación cultural que son atendidos por médicos tradicionales<strong> </strong>en la ciudad de Taxco, Guerrero, México.</p><p><strong>Metodología </strong>El estudio fue básicamente cualitativo. Se diseñó un cuestionario de entrevista. Se localizó a seis médicos tradicionales<strong> </strong>reconocidos que radicaban en la misma población. El cuestionario se aplicó a dichos habitantes, e incluyó<strong> </strong>preguntas abiertas sobre las características de estos sanadores, la causalidad de los principales síndromes de filiación cultural, los tratamientos, las medidas preventivas que se emplean para evitar o atenuar su impacto, las consecuencias que pueden suceder si dichos desequilibrios no son atendidos oportunamente y, la frecuencia de la atención.</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong> Los principales hallazgos demuestran cómo la epidemiología sociocultural proporciona un camino alternativo para analizar dichos malestares, los cuales continúan siendo atendidos por médicos ancestrales<strong> </strong>que radican en la comunidad. Entre este tipo de afecciones destacó básicamente el mal de ojo, empacho, aire, caída de mollera, susto, envidia, embrujo, sangre con toxinas, etika, algodoncillo, púrpura, niños enlechados y aquiztle. También se dan a conocer los<strong> </strong>tratamientos, medidas preventivas y consecuencias que pueden acontecer si dichos padecimientos no son atendidos con antelación</p><p><strong>Conclusiones </strong>Los síndromes de filiación cultural registrados tienen tratamientos, medidas preventivas, y variadas consecuencias si se descuida su curación, lo que forma parte importante de la estructura e ideología médica que se presenta en dicha ciudad turística, ubicada en la Región Norte del Estado de Guerrero, México.<strong></strong></p>
Cumplimiento de la capacidad tecnológica-científica en los servicios de Fisioterapia de Bucaramanga y Floridablanca
Authors: Pinzón Ochoa María Isabel , Fonseca Adriana Angarita , Niño Pinzón Diana Marcela 
Published: October 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo </strong>Determinar el cumplimiento de la condición de capacidad tecnológica y científica de una muestra de servicios de terapia física y respiratoria del área urbana de Floridablanca y Bucaramanga.</p><p><strong>Metodología </strong>Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La muestra la conforman cuatro instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud del municipio de Floridablanca y tres instituciones del área urbana de Bucaramanga, a las que durante el año 2011 se les aplicaron dos encuestas para verificar el cumplimiento de los estándares de habilitación y conocer las razones por las cuales incumplen con alguno de los requisitos.</p><p><strong>Resultados </strong>En Floridablanca, tres instituciones corresponden al primer nivel de atención y una al segundo nivel de atención; los estándares con menor cumplimiento son: Seguimiento a riesgos con una mediana del puntaje de cumplimiento de 0 (Rango: 0-12); Historia Clínica asistencial con una mediana de 9,5 (Rango: 0-100) y el estándar de procesos prioritarios con una mediana de 18 (Rango: 9-27). En Bucaramanga, dos correspondían al segundo nivel de atención y una a un tercer nivel de atención. Los estándares de menor cumplimiento fueron: Medicamentos y dispositivos con 0 para una institución, Procesos prioritarios con una mediana de 60 (Rango: 0-89) e instalaciones físicas con una mediana de 73 (Rango: 64-84).</p><p><strong>Conclusiones </strong>Los resultados muestran un incumplimiento de los requisitos esenciales de habilitación, pese a que éstos son exigidos por los entes territoriales departamentales, distritales y municipales de salud. </p>
Estrés académico, deserción y estrategias de retención de estudiantes en la educación superior
Authors: Suárez-Montes Nancy , Díaz-Subieta Luz B. 
Published: October 2015

<p>Se realizó una revisión sistemática para precisar las características del estrés académico que incide en la salud mental de la población universitaria. Para ello, se examinaron publicaciones recientes sobre estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. A lo largo de este texto, se presentan los resultados de la revisión en términos de las definiciones de estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. Así mismo, se examinan los modelos interpretativos de la deserción estudiantil y se hace una aproximación a las estrategias de retención en la educación superior. Se reseñan experiencias de retención de algunos países del exterior. Con respecto a Colombia se presentan los aspectos relacionados con la deserción estudiantil y los programas de retención, desde el punto de vista del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y desde la experiencia de algunas universidades con programas consolidados. </p>
Reconstructions of a historic paleontological collection: Diversity re-created
Authors: Nadim Tahani , Mohr Barbara A. R. , Löwe Sarah A. 
Published: October 2015

As part of a physical and historical reconstruction of a fossil collection, we demonstrate how elucidating biographic aspects of the collector and describing the activities of the institution can expand our understanding of collections as natural, social and historical assemblages. We then show how this understanding can be applied to contemporary concerns by using it in conjunction with modern collections to reconstruct species richness in deep time and to reflect on the term ‘biodiversity’. This multi-disciplinary engagement between natural and social sciences at natural history museums could endow historic collections with novel relevance and thereby provide convincing arguments against their dispersal or deaccession.
In this particular case a historic plant collection, the Ewald collection, which is now part of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany, was restored and studied. Originally it was collected during the 1850s when the Prussian government undertook extensive surveying projects and a large part of its territory was geologically mapped. During the surveys, field geologists collected rocks and fossils in order to build a reliable stratigraphy based on the fossil record, partly to assist in the discovery of natural resources for emerging industry.
A Closer Look at Cardioprotective Function of HDL: Revise the HDL – Cholesterol Hypothesis?
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: The strong inverse association of plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with coronary heart disease (CHD) found in human epidemiological studies led to the development of the ‘HDL cholesterol hypothesis’, which posits that intervention to raise HDL cholesterol will result in reduced risk of CHD. A number of recent developments have brought the potential protective role of HDL into question. Several clinical trials of agents that substantially raise HDL-C have been demonstrated to not reduce CHD event rates.CONTENT: For decades, HDL and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were viewed as synonymous, and modulation of HDL-C levels by drug therapy held great promise for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, recent failures of drugs that raise HDL-C to reduce cardiovascular risk and the now greater understanding of the complexity of HDL composition and biology have prompted researchers in the field to redefine HDL. As such, the focus of HDL has now started to shift away from a cholesterol-centric view toward HDL particle number, subclasses, and other alternative metrics of HDL. Many of the recently discovered functions of HDL are, in fact, not strictly conferred by its ability to promote cholesterol flux but by the other molecules it transports, including a diverse set of proteins, small RNAs, hormones, carotenoids, vitamins, and bioactive lipids. Based on HDL’s ability to interact with almost all cells and deliver fat-soluble cargo, HDL has the remarkable capacity to affect a wide variety of endocrine-like systems.SUMMARY: There is a significant need to redefine HDL and its benefit. HDL transports a diverse set of functional proteins, including many binding proteins. HDL transports and deliver vitamins, carotenoids, and other small molecules. Moreover, HDL transports hormones, steroids and bile acids, and can modulate multiple endocrine pathways. HDLs also transport and deliver microRNAs to recipient cells and control gene expression. Likewise, HDLs carry bioactive lipids and can activate signaling cascades and receptors that control endothelial apoptosis, migration, survival and activation. Many of HDL’s alternative noncholesterol cargo likely confer many of HDL’s alternative functions.KEYWORDS: HDL, ApoA1, RCT, ABCA1, ABCG1, miRNA, HDL lipidome, HDL proteome
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Identify Predictors of Oral Hygiene: A Collection of Unique Behaviors
Authors: Brein Daniel J. , Fleenor Thomas J. , Kim Soo‐Woo , Krupat Edward 
Published: October 2015

Background: This study aims to identify predictors of performed oral hygiene behaviors (OHBs) based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), oral health knowledge, and demographic factors.Methods: Using a questionnaire, 381 participants in three general dental offices and one hospital dental department in York, Pennsylvania, were surveyed regarding performed OHB, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, oral health knowledge, income, age, and sex.Results: Three unique elements of OHB were identified for analysis: brushing, interdental cleaning, and tongue cleaning. Regression analysis revealed that attitude was the strongest predictor of brushing behavior, followed by oral health knowledge, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, and income. Perceived behavior control was the strongest predictor of interdental cleaning, followed by increased age and attitude. Female sex was the strongest predictor of tongue cleaning, followed by subjective norms, decreased age, and perceived behavior control. Respectively, these three groups of predictive variables explained 22.5% of brushing behavior, 22.7% of interdental cleaning behavior, and 9.5% of tongue cleaning behavior.Conclusions: The present findings highlight the utility of viewing OHB as a set of unique behaviors with unique predictive variables and provide additional support for use of TPB in predicting OHB. Periodontal practitioners should consider the strong associations of attitude and perceived behavioral control with brushing and interdental cleaning behaviors when designing interventional efforts to improve patient home care.
Oral Microbiota, Periodontal Status, and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females
Authors: Hernández‐Vigueras Scarlette , Martínez‐Garriga Blanca , Sánchez María Carmen , Sanz Mariano , Estrugo‐Devesa Albert , Vinuesa Teresa , López‐López José , Viñas Miguel 
Published: October 2015

Background: Alterations in hormone levels during menopause decrease bone density and may worsen oral health, favoring the growth of periodontal pathogens, whose detection could improve the diagnosis of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect and quantify the main periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of postmenopausal females and to explore the relationship between clinical and periodontal parameters.Methods: This was an observational cross‐sectional study of 76 postmenopausal females. Dental examinations and sampling for microbiologic evaluation were performed, and a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia was collected. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting and quantifying Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf). The results obtained were subjected to statistical analyses. Statistical significance was defined as P <0.05.Results: Periodontitis was detected in 77.1% of females with osteoporosis/osteopenia (P >0.05). A significant correlation was found between osteoporosis and missing teeth. T. forsythia and C. rectus were detected in 100% of the samples, Fn and Pg in 98.7%, and Aa in 73.7%.Conclusions: Osteoporosis did not influence the prevalence of periodontitis among postmenopausal females. The presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria was not sufficient to confirm disease. A preventive maintenance program for postmenopausal females, particularly osteoporotic females, who are at greater risk of tooth loss, could minimize the potential effects of bone loss on periodontal tissues.
Health Benefits of Green Public Housing: Associations With Asthma Morbidity and Building-Related Symptoms
Authors: Colton Meryl D. , Laurent Jose Guillermo Cedeno , MacNaughton Piers , Kane John , Bennett-Fripp Mae , Spengler John , Adamkiewicz Gary 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We examined associations of several health outcomes with green and conventional low-income housing, where the prevalence of morbidities and environmental pollutants is elevated. Methods. We used questionnaires and a visual inspection to compare sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and asthma-related morbidity among residents in multifamily units in Boston, Massachusetts, between March 2012 and May 2013. Follow-up was approximately 1 year later. Results. Adults living in green units reported 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66, 2.05) fewer SBS symptoms than those living in conventional (control) homes (P < .001). Furthermore, asthmatic children living in green homes experienced substantially lower risk of asthma symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.12, 1.00), asthma attacks (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.88), hospital visits (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.88), and asthma-related school absences (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.74) than children living in conventional public housing. Conclusions. Participants living in green homes had improved health outcomes, which remained consistent over the study period. Green housing may provide a significant value in resource-poor settings where green construction or renovation could simultaneously reduce harmful indoor exposures, promote resident health, and reduce operational costs.
Community Health Assessment and Improved Public Health Decision-Making: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Authors: Rabarison Kristina M. , Timsina Lava , Mays Glen P. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We analyzed the likelihood of chronic disease prevention activities delivery, as a proxy measure of public health decision-making and actions, given that local health agencies (LHAs) implemented a community health assessment and improvement plan in their communities. Methods. Using a propensity score matching approach, we linked data from the 2010 National Association of County and City Health Officials profile of LHAs and the 2010 County Health Rankings to create a statistically matched sample of implementation and comparison LHAs. Implementation LHAs were those that implemented a community health assessment and improvement plan. We estimated the odds of chronic disease prevention activities delivery and the average treatment effect on the treated. Results. Implementation group LHAs were 2 times as likely (95% confidence interval = 1.60, 2.64) to deliver population-based chronic disease prevention programs than comparison group LHAs. Furthermore, chronic disease prevention activities were more likely to be delivered among implementation group LHAs (6.50–19.02 percentage points higher) than in comparison group LHAs. Conclusions. Our results signal that routine implementation of a community health assessment and improvement plan in LHAs leads to improved public health decision-making and actions.
Mental Health Diagnoses 3 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion in the United States
Authors: Biggs M. Antonia , Neuhaus John M. , Foster Diana G. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We set out to assess the occurrence of new depression and anxiety diagnoses in women 3 years after they sought an abortion. Methods. We conducted semiannual telephone interviews of 956 women who sought abortions from 30 US facilities. Adjusted multivariable discrete-time logistic survival models examined whether the study group (women who obtained abortions just under a facility’s gestational age limit, who were denied abortions and carried to term, who were denied abortions and did not carry to term, and who received first-trimester abortions) predicted depression or anxiety onset during seven 6-month time intervals. Results. The 3-year cumulative probability of professionally diagnosed depression was 9% to 14%; for anxiety it was 10% to 15%, with no study group differences. Women in the first-trimester group and women denied abortions who did not give birth had greater odds of new self-diagnosed anxiety than did women who obtained abortions just under facility gestational limits. Conclusions. Among women seeking abortions near facility gestational limits, those who obtained abortions were at no greater mental health risk than were women who carried an unwanted pregnancy to term.
Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Completion Among Female and Male Vaccine Initiators in Family Planning Centers
Authors: Simons Hannah R. , Unger Zoe D. , Lopez Priscilla M. , Kohn Julia E. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series completion and examined predictors of completion among adolescents and young adults in a large family planning network. Methods. Our retrospective cohort study of vaccine completion within 12 months and time to completion used electronic health record data from 119 Planned Parenthood health centers in 11 US states for 9648 patients who initiated HPV vaccination between January 2011 and January 2013. Results. Among vaccine initiators, 29% completed the series within 12 months. Patients who were male, younger than 22 years, or non-Hispanic Black or who had public insurance were less likely to complete within 12 months and completed more slowly than their counterparts. Gender appeared to modify the effect of public versus private insurance on completion (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76 for women and 0.95 for men; relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.41; 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.73). Conclusions. Completion was low yet similar to previous studies conducted in safety net settings.
National Dissemination of StrongWomen–Healthy Hearts: A Community-Based Program to Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife and Older Women
Authors: Folta Sara C. , Seguin Rebecca A. , Chui Kenneth K. H. , Clark Valerie , Corbin Marilyn A. , Goldberg Jeanne P. , Heidkamp-Young Eleanor , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Wiker Nancy , Nelson Miriam E. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We describe the national dissemination of an evidence-based community cardiovascular disease prevention program for midlife and older women using the RE-AIM (reach effectiveness adoption implementation maintenance) framework and share key lessons learned during translation. Methods. In a 2010 to 2014 collaboration between the StrongWomen program and the National Extension Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, we assessed reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance using survey methods, and we assessed effectiveness using a pretest–posttest within-participants design, with weight change as the primary outcome. Results. Overall reach into the population was 15 per 10 000. Of 85 trained leaders, 41 (48%) adopted the program. During the 12-week intervention, weight decreased by 0.5 kilograms, fruit and vegetable intake increased by 2.1 servings per day, and physical activity increased by 1238 metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes per week (all P < .001). Average fidelity score was 4.7 (out of possible 5). Eleven of 41 adopting leaders (27%) maintained the program. Conclusions. The StrongWomen–Healthy Hearts program can be implemented with high fidelity in a variety of settings while remaining effective. These data provide direction for program modification to improve impact as dissemination continues.