bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid Atherosclerosis and Prospective Risk of Dementia
Authors: Wendell Carrington R. , Waldstein Shari R. , Ferrucci Luigi , O’Brien Richard J. , Strait James B. , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: October 2012

Background and Purpose—
Although vascular risk factors have been implicated in the development of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD), few studies have examined the association between subclinical atherosclerosis and prospective risk of dementia.

Methods—
Participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (n=364; age, 60–95 years; median age, 73; 60% male; 82% white) underwent initial carotid atherosclerosis assessment and subsequently were assessed for dementia and AD annually for up to 14 years (median, 7.0). Cox proportional hazards models predicting all-cause dementia and AD were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, blood pressure, cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.

Results—
Sixty participants developed dementia, with 53 diagnosed as AD. Raw rates of future dementia and AD among individuals initially in the upper quintile of carotid intimal medial thickness or with bilateral carotid plaque were generally double the rates of individuals with intimal medial thickness in the lower quintiles or no plaque at baseline. Adjusted proportional hazards models revealed >2.5-fold increased risk of dementia and AD among individuals in the upper quintile of carotid intimal medial thickness, and approximately 2.0-fold increased risk of dementia among individuals with bilateral plaque.

Conclusions—
Multiple measures of carotid atherosclerosis are associated with prospective risk of dementia. Individuals in the upper quintile of carotid intimal medial thickness or bilateral carotid plaque were at greatest risk. These findings underscore the possibility that early intervention to reduce atherosclerosis may help delay or prevent onset of dementia and AD.
Density of Thrombus on Admission CT Predicts Revascularization Efficacy in Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Moftakhar Parham , English Joey D. , Cooke Daniel L. , Kim Warren T. , Stout Charles , Smith Wade S. , Dowd Christopher F. , Higashida Randall T. , Halbach Van V. , Hetts Steven W. 
Published: October 2012

Background and Purpose—
Can lysability of large vessel thrombi in acute ischemic stroke be predicted by measuring clot density on admission nonenhanced CT (NECT), postcontrast enhanced CT, or CT angiogram (CTA)?

Methods—
We retrospectively studied 90 patients with acute large vessel ischemic strokes treated with intravenous (IV) tPA, intra-arterial (IA) tPA, and/or mechanical thrombectomy devices. Clot density [in Hounsfield unit (HU)] was measured on NECT, postcontrast enhanced CT, and CTA. Recanalization was assessed by the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grading system (TICI) on digital subtraction angiography.

Results—

Thrombus density on preintervention NECT correlated with postintervention TICI grade regardless of pharmacological (IV tPA
r
=0.69, IA tPA
r
=0.72,
P
<0.0001) or mechanical treatment (
r
=0.73,
P
<0.0001). Patients with TICI≥2 demonstrated higher HU on NECT (mean corrected HU IV tPA=1.58, IA tPA=1.66, mechanical treatment=1.7) compared with patients with TICI<2 (IV tPA=1.39, IA tPA=1.4, mechanical treatment=1.3) (
P
=0.01, 0.006, <0.0001 respectively). There was no association between recanalization and age, sex, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, treatment method, time to treatment, or clot volume.

Conclusions—
Thrombi with lower HU on NECT appear to be more resistant to pharmacological lysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Measuring thrombus density on admission NECT provides a rapid method to analyze clot composition, a potentially useful discriminator in selecting the most appropriate reperfusion strategy for an individual patient.
Precipitable Water from GPS Zenith Delays Using North American Regional Reanalysis Meteorology
Authors: Means James D. , Cayan Daniel 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Precipitable water or integrated water vapor can be obtained from zenith travel-time delays from global positioning system (GPS) signals if the atmospheric pressure and temperature at the GPS site is known. There have been more than 10 000 GPS receivers deployed as part of geophysics research programs around the world; but, unfortunately, most of these receivers do not have collocated barometers. This paper describes a new technique to use North American Regional Reanalysis pressure, temperature, and geopotential height data to calculate station pressures and surface temperature at the GPS sites. This enables precipitable water to be calculated at those sites using archived zenith delays. The technique has been evaluated by calculating altimeter readings at aviation routine weather report (METAR) sites and comparing them with reported altimeter readings. Additionally, the precipitable water values calculated using this method have been found to agree with SuomiNet GPS precipitable water, with RMS differences of 2 mm or less, and are also generally in agreement with radiosonde measurements of precipitable water. Applications of this technique are shown and are explored for different synoptic situations, including atmospheric-river-type baroclinic storms and the North American monsoon.
Use of Weather Information for Agricultural Decision Making
Authors: Frisvold George B. , Murugesan Anand 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This study uses data from a special subsample of the National Agricultural, Food, and Public Policy Preference Survey to assess use of weather data for agricultural decision making. Responses from 284 Arizona farmers and ranchers were used to examine (i) the importance producers placed on different types of weather data for production and marketing decisions; (ii) which producer characteristics accounted for differences in the importance they placed on weather data; (iii) producer use of weather data for specific production and marketing decisions; and (iv) which factors distinguish weather data users from nonusers. A model of demand for weather information was developed and used to specify count data and discrete choice multivariate regression models. The intensity of weather data use was greater among producers with diversified agricultural production. Diversified producers were more likely to use data for timing of planting, cultivation, and harvest. Weather data use was lower among producers with greater reliance on off-farm income. Producers who rated government risk-management programs as important also found more weather data types important and used weather data for more decisions. Access to satellite TV increased data use but access to the Internet did not.
The Economic Impact of Hurricanes in History: Evidence from Sugar Exports in the Caribbean from 1700 to 1960
Authors: Mohan Preeya , Strobl Eric 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This study estimates the economic impact of hurricane strikes in the Caribbean from 1700 to 1960. More precisely, historical accounts of hurricane strikes and actual historical hurricane tracks, in conjunction with sugar export data taken from the colonial blue books and other historical sources, were used to create a cross-colony/country and time dataset that allows for the first time the ability to evaluate the susceptibility of local sugar production to hurricanes. The regression results show that these events had generally large statistically and economically significant impacts.
Successful management of bleeding complications in patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with primary respiratory failure
Authors: Lamb K , Cowan SW , Evans N , Pitcher H , Moritz T , Lazar M , Hirose H , Cavarocchi NC 
Published: October 2012

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a lifesaving procedure in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency failing conventional support. Bleeding complications are common due to the necessity for anticoagulation and circuit-related factors. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in patients requiring ECMO for respiratory failure from 7/2010 to 6/2011 to identify episodes of major bleeding, bleeding management and outcomes. Results: Twenty-one patients were supported with ECMO during the study although five experienced massive bleeding related to chest tube insertion, jejunal arterio-venous malformations, distal perfusion cannula dislodgement and ventricular rupture. Patients required aggressive resuscitation or endoscopic or operative intervention, totaling 28 procedures. There were no instances of dehiscence, infection or sepsis related to interventions. Anticoagulation was stopped six hours before and restarted 24 hours after major interventions, with no thrombotic or neurologic complications. All patients weaned off ECMO were discharged. Conclusions: ECMO bleeding complications can be managed successfully via surgical and endoscopic approaches in this high-risk population.
Perspectives of decision-making in requests for euthanasia: A qualitative research among patients, relatives and treating physicians in the Netherlands
Authors: Dees Marianne K , Vernooij-Dassen Myrra J , Dekkers Wim J , Elwyn Glyn , Vissers Kris C , van Weel Chris 
Published: October 2012

Background: Euthanasia has been legally performed in the Netherlands since 2002. Respect for patient’s autonomy is the underpinning ethical principal. However, patients have no right to euthanasia, and physicians have no obligation to provide it. Although over 3000 cases are conducted per year in the Netherlands, there is little known about how decision-making occurs and no guidance to support this difficult aspect of clinical practice. Aim: To explore the decision-making process in cases where patients request euthanasia and understand the different themes relevant to optimise this decision-making process. Design: A qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with patients making explicit requests for euthanasia, most-involved relative(s) and treating physician. Participants/setting: Thirty-two cases, 31 relatives and 28 treating physicians. Settings were patients’ and relatives’ homes and physicians’ offices. Results: Five main themes emerged: (1) initiation of sharing views and values about euthanasia, (2) building relationships as part of the negotiation, (3) fulfilling legal requirements, (4) detailed work of preparing and performing euthanasia and (5) aftercare and closing. Conclusions: A patient’s request for euthanasia entails a complex process that demands emotional work by all participants. It is characterised by an intensive period of sharing information, relationship building and negotiation in order to reach agreement. We hypothesise that making decisions about euthanasia demands a proactive approach towards participants’ preferences and values regarding end of life, towards the needs of relatives, towards the burden placed on physicians and a careful attention to shared decision-making. Future research should address the communicational skills professionals require for such complex decision-making.
Comparison Between Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet-Rich Plasma, Intra-articular Infiltration in the Treatment of Gonarthrosis
Authors: Cerza Fabio , Carnì Stefano , Carcangiu Alessandro , Di Vavo Igino , Schiavilla Valerio , Pecora Andrea , De Biasi Giuseppe , Ciuffreda Michele 
Published: October 2012

Background: Arthrosis is particularly prevalent in the knee. Infiltration treatment for gonarthrosis is among the most widely used techniques in orthopaedic practice. Purpose: To compare the clinical response of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment in 2 groups of patients affected by gonarthrosis. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 120 patients affected by clinically and radiographically documented gonarthrosis were included in this study. The gonarthrosis was graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic classification scale. The 120 patients were randomized into 2 study groups in a 1:1 ratio: 60 patients received 4 intra-articular injections of PRP (specifically, autologous conditioned plasma [ACP], 5.5 mL), and 60 patients received 4 intra-articular injections of HA (20 mg/2 mL). An unblinded physician performed infiltration once a week for 4 weeks into the knee affected by clinically relevant gonarthrosis (in both groups). All patients were evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) score before the infiltration and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the first injection. Results: Treatment with a local injection of ACP had a significant effect shortly after the final infiltration and a continuously improving sustained effect up to 24 weeks (WOMAC score, 65.1 and 36.5 in the HA and ACP groups, respectively; P < .001), where the clinical outcomes were better compared with the results with HA. In the HA group, the worst results were obtained for grade III gonarthrosis, whereas the clinical results obtained in the ACP group did not show any statistically significant difference in terms of the grade of gonarthrosis. The mean WOMAC scores for grade III gonarthrosis were 74.85 in the HA group and 41.20 in the ACP group ( P < .001). Conclusion: Treatment with ACP showed a significantly better clinical outcome than did treatment with HA, with sustained lower WOMAC scores. Treatment with HA did not seem to be effective in the patients with grade III gonarthrosis.
Arthroscopic Single-Row Modified Mason-Allen Repair Versus Double-Row Suture Bridge Reconstruction for Supraspinatus Tendon Tears
Authors: Gerhardt Christian , Hug Konstantin , Pauly Stephan , Marnitz Tim , Scheibel Markus 
Published: October 2012

Background: Arthroscopic double-row fixation of supraspinatus tendon tears compared with single-row techniques is still a matter of debate. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair using the suture bridge technique provides better clinical results and lower retear rates than does single-row repair using a modified Mason-Allen stitch technique. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence 3. Methods: Forty patients underwent either an arthroscopic single-row modified Mason-Allen stitch (SR) (n = 20; mean age ± SD, 61.5 ± 7.4 y) or a modified suture bridge double-row repair (DR) (n = 20; age, 61.2 ± 7.5 y). The anteroposterior extension was classified as Bateman I in 10% and Bateman II in 90% of patients in the SR group and as Bateman II in 80% and Bateman III in 20% of patients in the DR group. Patients were matched for sex and age. The subjective shoulder value (SSV), Constant-Murley score (CS), and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) were used for clinical follow-up. Furthermore, MRI scans were conducted for analysis of tendon integrity, muscle atrophy, and fatty infiltration via semiquantitative signal intensity analysis. In addition, re-defect patterns were evaluated. Results: The mean follow-up time in the SR group was 16.8 ± 4.6 months. The mean SSV was 91.0% ± 8.8%, mean CS was 82.2 ± 8.1 (contralateral side, 88.8 ± 5.3), and mean WORC score was 96.5% ± 3.2%. The mean follow-up time in the DR group was 23.4 ± 2.9 months, with patients achieving scores of 92.9% ± 9.6% for the SSV, 77.0 ± 8.6 for the CS (contralateral side, 76.7 ± 17.1), and 90.7% ± 12.6% for the WORC ( P > .05). No significant differences were detected in the clinical outcome between groups. Tendon integrity was as follows. Type 1, none in either group; type 2, 4 SR and 5 DR; type 3, 9 SR and 10 DR; type 4, 3 SR and 3 DR; and type 5, 3 SR and 2 DR. The failure rate was 31.6% (n = 6) in the SR group and 25% (n = 5) in the DR group ( P > .05). No significant differences were obtained for muscular atrophy or fatty degeneration (SR group, 0.94 ± 0.16; DR group, 1.15 ± 0.5) ( P > .05). Re-defects revealed lateral cuff failure in 83.3% of SR patients in contrast to patients treated with DR techniques. The re-defect pattern was medial cuff failure in 80% of the patients. Conclusion: The clinical results after modified Mason-Allen single-row versus double-mattress suture bridge technique did not demonstrate significant differences in a matched patient cohort. Concerning the failure mode, single- and double-row techniques seem to demonstrate different re-defect patterns.
Nano-titanium dioxide induces genotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line, A549
Authors: Srivastava RK , Rahman Q , Kashyap MP , Singh AK , Jain G , Jahan S , Lohani M , Lantow M , Pant AB 
Published: October 2012

The increased inhaled application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) increases the potential pulmonary health risks. The present investigations were carried out to study the TiO2 NPs-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line, A549, a widely used cell system for pulmonary toxicity studies. Tetrazolium bromide salt and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to study the cytotoxicity. The genotoxicity studies were carried out using cytokinesis block micronucleus assay. Apoptosis was confirmed by the formation of apoptotic bodies and altered expression (messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein) of markers such as P53, P21, Bax, Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3. Cells exposed to TiO2 NPs (10 and 50 μg/ml) for 6–24 h shows significant induction in oxidative stress, that is, the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and decrease in the activity of catalase and glutathione. TiO2 NPs exposure also induces the formation of apoptotic bodies and micronucleus as marker of genotoxicity. A significant up-regulation in the expression of apoptosis markers such as P53, P21 and cleaved caspase-3 was observed, while the levels were down-regulated for Bcl2 at both mRNA and protein levels. TiO2 NPs exposure could not pose significant effects on Bax expression. Data indicate that nano-TiO2 induces oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line, A549. Our result also identifies the mechanisms involved in TiO2 NP-induced changes in A549 cells. Perhaps, reporting for the first time, the association of TiO2 NPs-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis at transcriptional and translational level in the human lung cancer cell line, A549 cells.
Compulsory treatment and patient responsibility
Authors: Arya Dinesh 
Published: October 2012

Objective: Current legislative provisions for compulsory treatment of people with mental illness allow decisions to treat people under compulsion to be made on the basis of presence of a mental illness or mental disorder without consideration of whether the patient has the capacity to make decisions that are in his/her best interest. Issues of autonomy, equity, justice and beneficence in relation to treatment of people with mental illness are explored to determine decision-making rules that should be applied for compulsory mental health treatment. Conclusions: It is proposed that assessment of the capacity of the individual to make decisions in his/her best interest, rather than presence of diagnosable mental illness, should be the key consideration for compulsory mental health treatment.
The future of psychiatry
Authors: Kecmanovic Dusan 
Published: October 2012

Objective: The objective of this paper is to forecast the future of psychiatry in the first world in the next 20 years. Conclusions: There are no indications that psychiatry might significantly change in the near future. Yet two factors affecting today’s psychiatry will most likely become more pronounced in years to come, first, the shrinking of psychiatrists’ domain, and second, the declining interest in psychiatry among medical graduates.
Reclaiming the best of the biopsychosocial model of mental health care and ‘recovery’ for older people through a ‘person-centred’ approach
Authors: McKay Roderick , McDonald Regina , Lie David , McGowan Helen 
Published: October 2012

Aim: The ‘biopsychosocial’, ‘person-centred care’ (PCC) and ‘recovery’ models of care can be seen as distinct and competing paradigms. This paper proposes an integration of these valuable perspectives and suggestions for effective implementation in health services for the elderly. Method: An overview of PCC and recovery models, and their application for older people with mental health problems, is provided. Their overlap and contrast with the familiar ‘biopsychosocial’ model of mental health care is considered, together with obstacles to implementation. Results: Utilisation of PCC and recovery concepts allow clinicians to avoid narrow application of the biopsychosocial approach and encourages clinicians to focus on the person’s right to autonomy, their values and life goals. Conclusions: Service reform and development is required to embed these concepts into core clinical processes so as to improve outcomes and the quality of life for older people with mental health problems.
Integrating recovery-oriented practice into psychiatric registrar training
Authors: Stratford Anthony , Brophy Lisa , Castle David 
Published: October 2012

Objective: This paper describes a new initiative in training for psychiatry trainees in the ‘recovery’ paradigm. Conclusions: Supporting patients in their personal recovery and promoting wellbeing has become a key principle in the delivery of specialist mental health services. This requires psychiatrists to develop (or perhaps return to) a worldview that promotes a hopeful stance and acknowledges the importance of relationships when working with people experiencing mental ill health. In 2011, the authors developed and trialed training about personal recovery and wellbeing within psychiatry. A crucial factor was that the training was delivered by a person who has expertise both as a result of their own recovery journey and their experience in peer support work. The feedback from participants has supported further national and international developments and there are plans to extend this component of the program.
A tailored Top-Down Functional Analysis (TDFA) for AEGIS Ballistic Missile Defense (ABMD)
Authors: Colombo Daniel J. , Chavez Lisa , Driscoll Sean 
Published: October 2012

The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. A TDFA is often cited as a major analysis needed when developing a new system. However, designing new components for pre-existing U.S. Navy systems presents a unique challenge. This paper describes the application of a modified TDFA to an existing system with new capabilities and functionality. New technologies introduced in the ABMD Baseline 5.1 include the Standard Missile (SM)-3 Block (Blk) IIA, which will provide superior speed, range, and discrimination capabilities relative to earlier SM-3 missile variants. This will lead to better performance against existing threats as well as entirely new mission capabilities. However, the areas impacted by this technology comprise a small subset of the overall AEGIS Weapon System functionality. As a result, a hybrid methodology for the TDFA was developed collaboratively by industry and government teams to ensure that outputs fit into the systems engineering process and ultimately the display design process. The hybrid TDFA methodology was developed as a means to help identify the information considered necessary to support warfighter decision making during mission planning and the ability to achieve the mission goal of successful ballistic missile threat kills during mission execution. An example is provided that shows how the hybrid methodology has impacted the development of prototype displays to date. It is concluded that this hybrid TDFA approach has demonstrated utility in the development of lower level requirements for these displays and is recommended for use when the system is already well-known and only a portion of the system in design will be considered new or changed functionality.