bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially explicit summary statistics for historical population genetic inference
Authors: Alvarado‐Serrano Diego F. , Hickerson Michael J. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

The integration of population genetics with explicit spatial analyses is crucial to address a range of evolutionary and ecological questions under realistic scenarios. Ignoring space can lead to misleading inferences, yet incorporating spatial realism leads to using complex evolutionary models that necessitate distilling raw genetic data into summary statistics that capture information relevant to the models in question. However, summary statistics derived from traditional population genetic theory overlook the valuable spatial component of genetic variation that is innate in natural systems and can be informative about historical spatio‐demographic processes.

To overcome this limitation, we introduce and evaluate a new set of spatially explicit summary statistics that can be calculated from a wide range of molecular markers and that take advantage of well‐established spatial genetic algorithms to summarize the spatial distribution and autocorrelation of genetic variation. Using spatially explicit demographic simulations of SNP data, we characterize their behaviour under different realistic historical demographic scenarios and assess their relative contribution to accurate model selection and parameter estimation.

We demonstrate that under a wide range of parameter values, alternate demographic histories could be best differentiated by supplementing traditional summary statistics with these new spatial statistics. We identify different subset of statistics, including Euclidean distances in spatial‐PCA space, Monmonier's identification of genetic breaks and spatial correlograms, that greatly improve discrimination of complex species histories and have sizeable potential to estimate associated parameters, although the added power is likely to be dependent on landscape models and sampling configurations.

These results highlight the potential benefits of condensing spatial genetic information into informative summary statistics to substantially improve testing alternative historical demographic models that reflect the complex spatio‐temporal dynamics of species evolutionary histories. This study bridges phylogeography and landscape genetics by paving the way for phylogeographers wanting to incorporate spatial models and data as well as landscape geneticists wanting to incorporate history.
On the Image of the Country and the City
Authors: Brennan Timothy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe know from the Grundrisse that Marx felt the division of town and country to be as vital to political economy as the division of classes. From the Manifesto we know that he saw this division as a homological version of the dependency created by capitalism of global South on global North. It was, however, the cultural theorists of twentieth‐century Marxism who internalized this geopolitical imagination and significantly developed it in the form of scales and configurations of spatial meaning contained in the concepts “city” and “country”. The structuralist revolt against history, then, as a bid to arrest historical becoming, must really be seen as a perverse analogue of earlier twentieth century Marxist innovations in the spatialization of time. Thinkers like Ernst Bloch, Henri Lefebvre, and Raymond Williams, although unheralded for this aspect of their work, developed Marx's nascent city/country pairing, exploring the materiality of its metaphor. In geography, it is Neil Smith's Uneven Development that follows in the footsteps of this “classical” motif in literary and cultural theory.
Associated extrarenal vascular diseases may complicate the treatment and outcome of renovascular hypertension
Authors: Peco‐Antić Amira , Stajić Nataša , Krstić Zoran , Bogdanović Radovan , Miloševski‐Lomić Gordana , Đukić Milan , Paripović Dušan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThis studied reviewed renovascular hypertension (RVH) due to renal artery stenosis (RAS) in two Serbian paediatric centres from 2001 to 2013.MethodsThe patients' demographic data, underlying syndromes, blood pressure (BP), antihypertensive treatments and outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThe incidence of RVH was 1.9 per million children per year during the study period, and there were 25 patients with RAS, aged 10.4 ± 5.2 years. At presentation, their mean blood pressure (BP) standard deviation scores were 6.9 ± 3.4 systolic and 5.2 ± 2.6 diastolic. BP loads on 24‐hour ambulatory BP were 88 ± 14% systolic and 80 ± 29% diastolic. We found that 72% had fibromuscular dysplasia and 28% had underlying syndromes. RAS was unilateral in 64% and bilateral in 28%, and 8% had RAS of a single kidney. Antihypertensive treatment included antihypertensive drugs (100%), percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (92%), renal auto‐transplantation (16%), surgical revascularisation (12%) and nephrectomy (12%). After 4.4 ± 3.6 years of follow‐up, high BP was cured in 40% of the patients and 39.4% of the kidneys and improved in 48% (75.7%), with BP decreases of 20.3 ± 3.7% systolic and 16.3 ± 6.2% diastolic.ConclusionFibromuscular dysplasia was the most common cause of RVH in this study, and hypertension was cured or improved in 88% of the patients.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding with non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
Authors: Caldeira D. , Barra M. , Ferreira A. , Rocha A. , Augusto A. , Pinto F. J. , Costa J. , Ferreira J. J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common complication among anticoagulated patients. Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are associated with increased risk of GI (major and clinically relevant non‐major) bleeding. However, more information is needed regarding severe events.AimTo evaluate the risk of NOACs major GI bleeding.MethodsWe searched for phase III randomised clinical trials (RCT) evaluating NOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban and rivaroxaban) and reporting major GI bleeding events, in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO collection and Web of Science databases (July 2015). Meta‐analysis was performed to estimate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test.ResultsA total of 23 studies were included. Among patients with atrial fibrillation, the risk of major GI bleeding was not different between NOACs and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.85–1.36, I2 = 78%; 5 RCTs) or acetylsalicylic acid (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.36–1.72; 1 RCT). Similar results were found for patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery and those with venous thromboembolism. NOACs were not found to increase the risk compared to low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LWMH) alone (RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.55–3.71, I2 = 7%; 8 RCTs), the sequential treatment with LMWH‐VKA (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.49–1.21, I2 = 43%; 7 RCTs) or placebo (RR 1.48, 95% CI 0.15–14.84, I2 = 21%; 2 RCTs).ConclusionDespite previous evidence supporting the association of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and overall GI bleeding, non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are not associated with increased risk of major GI bleeding compared to other anticoagulant drugs (with known increased risk of these events).
Porcine circovirus type 2 detection in in vitro produced porcine blastocysts after virus sperm exposure
Authors: Galeati Giovanna , Zannoni Augusta , Spinaci Marcella , Bucci Diego , Ostanello Fabio , Panarese Serena , Tamanini Carlo , Sarli Giuseppe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study was aimed at assessing the capability of semen experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) to produce porcine blastocysts PCR positive for PCV2. Embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of porcine oocytes or by parthenogenesis. Sperm suspension was exposed to PCV2b and utilized for IVF. PCV2 spiked semen did not reveal any reduction in sperm viability or motility but its ability to produce infected blastocysts was irrelevant as only one out of 15 blastocysts obtained by IVF were PCV2b; however two blastocysts were PCV2a positive. Furthermore, the presence of PCV2 was demonstrated also in embryos obtained by parthenogenesis (one out of 17 was PCV2b and one PCV2a positive). Even if PCV2 firmly attaches to the surface of spermatozoa, experimentally spiked sperm were not effective in infecting oocytes during IVF and in producing PCR positive embryos. The infected blastocysts we obtained derived most probably from infected oocytes recovered at the abattoir.
First‐Trimester Pregnancy Exposure to Venlafaxine or Duloxetine and Risk of Major Congenital Malformations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lassen Dorte , Ennis Zandra Nymand , Damkier Per 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMajor depressive disorder is common among women in child‐bearing age, and medical treatment is subject to substantial discussions and controversies. For Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, a vast amount of data are available. For the newer antidepressant group of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs, significantly less data are available. Following the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews, we performed a systematic search on the risk of major congenital malformations after first trimester in utero exposure to venlafaxine or duloxetine. We identified eight cohort studies reporting on the outcome upon in utero exposure to venlafaxine or duloxetine during the first trimester. The cumulated data for venlafaxine were 3186 exposed infants and 107 major malformations, resulting in a relative risk estimate and 95% confidence interval of 1.12 (0.92–1.35). The corresponding data for duloxetine were 668 infants and 16 major malformations, resulting in a relative risk estimate and 95% confidence interval of 0.80 (0.46–1.29). First‐trimester in utero exposure to venlafaxine is not associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations. The amount of data for duloxetine are significantly smaller but does not suggest a clinically important increased risk.
Keratinocytes and neutrophils are important sources of proinflammatory molecules in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Lima A.L. , Karl I. , Giner T. , Poppe H. , Schmidt M. , Presser D. , Goebeler M. , Bauer B. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa (HS, also known as acne inversa) involves epidermal alterations such as psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia and keratin plugging. Keratinocytes are an important source of proinflammatory molecules in inflammatory skin diseases and can be stimulated by interleukin (IL)-17+ cells.ObjectivesTo explore the possible role of the epithelium in the pathogenesis of HS.MethodsWe performed immunohistochemical stainings and Western blot experiments to investigate the localization and expression of inflammation-associated molecules, including the cytokine IL-17, components of the inflammasome including caspase-1, and the endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern molecules S100A8 and S100A9 (calprotectin). To examine a possible effect of upregulated proinflammatory cytokines on the inflammatory infiltrate, differences in the cellular composition of perifollicular and deep dermal infiltrates were analysed.ResultsThe number of IL-17+ cells is increased in lesional and perilesional HS skin. The epidermis produces proinflammatory molecules and shows an upregulated expression of components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, activated caspase-1 and expression of S100A8/S100A9. Additionally, the course of the inflammatory process in HS involves influx of innate immune cells, particularly IL-17-expressing neutrophils.ConclusionsIL-17-producing cells are present in lesional and perilesional HS skin and may contribute to the initiation of inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the epidermis is a source of proinflammatory cytokines, shows inflammasome activation and expresses S100A8/S100A9, thereby possibly contributing to the propagation of inflammation. A massive influx of IL-17-expressing neutrophils is observed in the deep infiltrate.
Outcomes of living donor renal transplantation in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction: a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Saad Ismail R. , Habib Enmar , ElSheemy Mohammed S. , Abdel‐Hakim Mahmoud , Sheba Mostafa , Mosleh Aziz , Salah Doaa M. , Bazaraa Hafez , Fadel Fatina I. , Morsi Hany A. , Badawy Hesham 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes of renal transplantation (RTx) in children with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) resulting from lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) vs other causes.Patients and MethodsA database of children (<18 years old) who underwent RTx between May 2008 and April 2012 was reviewed. Patients were divided into those with LUTD (group A, n = 29) and those with other causes of ESRD (group B, n = 74). RTx was performed after achieving low intravesical pressure (<30 cmH2O) with adequate bladder capacity and drainage. The groups were compared using Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney, chi‐squared or exact tests. Graft survival rates (GSRs) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log‐rank test.ResultsThe mean ± sd (range) age of the study cohort was 5.05 ± 12.4 (2.2–18) years. Causes of LUTD were posterior urethral valve (PUV; 41.4%), vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR; 37.9%), neurogenic bladder (10.3%), prune belly syndrome (3.4%), obstructive megaureter (3.4%) and urethral stricture disease (3.4%). There was no significant difference in age, dialysis duration or donor type. In group A, 25 of the 29 patients (86.2%) underwent ≥1 surgery to optimize the urinary tract for allograft. Pretransplant nephrectomy was performed in 15 of the 29 patients (51.7%), PUV ablation in nine patients (31%) and ileocystoplasty in four patients (13.7%). The mean ± sd follow‐up was 4.52 ± 1.55 and 4.07 ± 1.27 years in groups A and B, respectively. There was no significant difference in creatinine and eGFR between the groups at different points of follow‐up. The GSRs at the end of the study were 93.1 and 91.1% in groups A and B, respectively (P = 1.00). According to Kaplan–Meier survival curves, there was no significant difference in the GSR between the groups using the log‐rank test (P = 0.503). No graft was lost as a result of urological complications. In group B, one child died from septicaemia. The rate of urinary tract infections was 24 and 12% in groups A and B, respectively, but was not significant. No significant difference was found between the groups with regard to the incidence of post‐transplantation hydronephrosis. Of the 22 patients who had hydronephrosis after transplantation, three were complicated by UTI. Injection of bulking agents was required in two patients for treatment of grade 3 VUR. In the third patient, augmentation cystoplasty was needed.ConclusionAcceptable graft function, survival and UTI rates can be achieved in children with ESRD attributable to LUTD. Thorough assessment and optimization of LUT, together with close follow‐up, are key for successful RTx.
Xylem Sap Flux Affects Conventional Stem CO2 Efflux Measurements in Tropical Trees
Authors: Kunert Norbert , Edinger Jens 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe relationship between sap flux and stem CO2 efflux was assessed for three mango trees. We observed higher than expected CO2 effluxes at the place of measurement under intermediate sap flux velocities and lower fluxes under high sap flux velocity. This variation disappeared after removing the tree crown.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin IgE sensitization in late‐onset severe eosinophilic asthma in the elderly
Authors: Song W.‐J. , Sintobin I. , Sohn K.‐H. , Kang M.‐G. , Park H.‐K. , Jo E.‐J. , Lee S.‐E. , Yang M.‐S. , Kim S.‐H. , Park H.‐K. , Kwon Y. E. , Kim T.‐B. , Kim S.‐H. , Park H.‐W. , Chang Y.‐S. , Lee B.‐J. , Jee Y.‐K. , Choi B. W. , Bachert C. , Cho S.‐H. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundAsthma in the elderly (aged ≥ 65 years old) is a significant concern with high morbidity, but the pathophysiology remains unclear particularly in late‐onset asthma. Recent studies suggest staphylococcal enterotoxin IgE (SE‐IgE) sensitization to be a risk factor for asthma in general populations; however, the associations have not been examined in late‐onset elderly asthma.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the associations of SE‐IgE sensitization with late‐onset asthma in the elderly, using a database of elderly asthma cohort study.MethodsA total of 249 elderly patients with asthma and 98 controls were analysed. At baseline, patients were assessed for demographics, atopy, induced sputum profiles and comorbidities including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Serum total IgE and SE‐IgE levels were measured. Asthma severity was assessed on the basis of asthma outcomes during a 12‐month follow‐up period.ResultsAt baseline, serum SE‐IgE concentrations were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in controls [median 0.16 (interquartile range 0.04–0.53) vs. 0.10 (0.01–0.19), P < 0.001]. Elderly asthma patients with high SE‐IgE levels had specific characteristics of having more severe asthma, sputum eosinophilia and CRS, compared to those with lower SE‐IgE levels. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the associations between serum SE‐IgE concentrations and severe asthma were significant, independently of covariables [SE‐IgE‐high (≥ 0.35 kU/L) vs. negative (< 0.10 kU/L) group: odds ratio 7.47, 95% confidence interval 1.86–30.03, P = 0.005]. Multiple correspondence analyses also showed that high serum SE‐IgE level had close relationships with severe asthma, CRS and sputum eosinophilia together.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis is the first report on the significant associations of SE‐IgE sensitization with late‐onset asthma in the elderly, particularly severe eosinophilic asthma with CRS comorbidity. Our findings indicate a potential implication of SE in the high morbidity burden of elderly asthma and suggest clues to the pathogenesis of severe late‐onset eosinophilic asthma in the elderly.
Distinct modulation of allergic T cell responses by subcutaneous vs. sublingual allergen‐specific immunotherapy
Authors: Schulten V. , Tripple V. , Aasbjerg K. , Backer V. , Lund G. , Würtzen P. A. , Sette A. , Peters B. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundAllergen‐specific immunotherapy is the only curative treatment for type I allergy. It can be administered subcutaneously (SCIT) or sublingually (SLIT). The clinical efficacy of these two treatment modalities appears to be similar, but potential differences in the immunological mechanisms involved have not been fully explored.ObjectiveTo compare changes in the allergen‐specific T cell response induced by subcutaneous vs. sublingual administration of allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT).MethodsGrass pollen‐allergic patients were randomized into groups receiving either SCIT injections or SLIT tablets or neither. PBMCs were tested for Timothy grass (TG)‐specific cytokine production by ELISPOT after in vitro expansion with TG‐peptide pools. Phenotypic characterization of cytokine‐producing cells was performed by FACS.ResultsIn the SCIT group, decreased IL‐5 production was observed starting 10 months after treatment commenced. At 24 months, T cell responses showed IL‐5 levels significantly below the before‐treatment baseline. No significant reduction of IL‐5 was observed in the SLIT or untreated group. However, a significant transient increase in IL‐10 production after 10 months of treatment compared to baseline was detected in both treatment groups. FACS analysis revealed that IL‐10 production was associated with CD4+ T cells that also produced IFNγ and therefore may be associated with an IL‐10‐secreting type 1 cell phenotype.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe most dominant immunological changes on a cellular level were a decrease in IL‐5 in the SCIT group and a significant, transient increase of IL‐10 observed after 10 months of treatment in both treated groups. The distinct routes of AIT administration may induce different immunomodulatory mechanisms at the cellular level.
Polysomnographic findings after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea in obese and non‐obese children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee C.‐H. , Hsu W.‐C. , Chang W.‐H. , Lin M.‐T. , Kang K.‐T. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundUse of polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard of diagnosis and measurement of treatment effectiveness for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Although adenotonsillectomy (T&A) is effective in diminishing the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI), a meta‐analysis of postoperative changes for all other PSG parameters and outcome comparisons between obese and non‐obese children following T&A have never been conducted.Objective of reviewTo comprehensively review polysomnographic findings after surgery for obese and non‐obese children with OSA.Search strategyStudy protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42013004737). Two authors independently searched databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Review from January 1997 to July 2014. The keywords used included the following: sleep apnea, OSA, sleep apnea syndromes, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, infant, child, adolescent, and Humans.Evaluation methodA comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis for literature for OSA children treated by T&A with polysomnography data. Random‐effects model was applied to determine postoperative sleep parameter changes and the surgical success rate between obese and non‐obese groups. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsIn total, 51 studies with 3413 subjects were enrolled. After surgery, sleep architecture was altered by a significant decrease in sleep stage 1, and an increase in slow‐wave sleep and the rapid eye movement stage, and enhanced sleep efficiency. The mean difference between pre‐ and postoperative was a significant reduction of 12.4 event/h in AHI, along with a reduction of obstructive index, hypopnoea index, central index and arousal index. Mean and minimum oxygen saturation increased significantly after surgery. The overall success rate was 51% for postoperative AHI <1 (obese versus non‐obese versus combined, 34% versus 49% versus 56%), and 81% for AHI <5 (obese versus non‐obese versus combined, 61% versus 87% versus 84%). Meta‐regression analyses demonstrate that postoperative AHI was positively correlated with AHI and body mass index z score before surgery.ConclusionsMeta‐analysis of current literature shows T&A offers prominent improvement in a variety of sleep parameters. Improvements in non‐obese children exceeded those for obese children. Postoperative residual OSA remained in roughly half of the children, especially those with severe disease and obesity, making additional treatment strategies and/or long‐term follow‐up highly desirable.