bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Efficiency of Genomewide Selection for Testcross Performance of Doubled Haploid Lines in a Maize Breeding Program
Authors: Krchov Lisa‐Marie , Bernardo Rex 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn a simple scheme for genomewide selection in maize (Zea mays L.), a subset of n out of N doubled haploid (DH) lines from a biparental cross are genotyped and phenotyped in testcross combination. The n lines are then used as a training population to predict the performance of the remaining N − n lines. Our objectives were to (i) determine whether or not this scheme for genomewide selection is more efficient than phenotypic selection under a fixed budget and (ii) give recommendations for implementing this genomewide selection scheme during maize line development. From empirical data across multiple populations, testers, years, and locations, we assessed the observed and expected gains from phenotypic selection and genomewide selection under different budget scenarios. Total budgets ranged from $12,000 to $22,000, and standard costs per DH line were $90 for field trials and $15 for genotyping. The relative efficiency of genomewide selection (compared with phenotypic selection) depended on the (i) effectiveness of phenotypic selection and of genomewide selection for the trait in a given cross, (ii) sizes of the training and test populations that could be accommodated within a given budget, and (iii) number of selected lines. In general, the correlation between marker‐predicted values and phenotypic values had to exceed 0.50 for the genomewide selection scheme to be more efficient than phenotypic selection. Our results suggested that for the genomewide selection scheme to be effective, a training population of 60 to 80 lines and a test population of at least 100 lines are needed per biparental cross.
The effect of mouth breathing on chewing efficiency
Authors: Nagaiwa Miho , Gunjigake Kaori , Yamaguchi Kazunori 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To examine the effect of mouth breathing on chewing efficiency by evaluating masticatory variables.

Materials and Methods:
Ten adult nasal breathers with normal occlusion and no temporomandibular dysfunction were selected. Subjects were instructed to bite the chewing gum on the habitual side. While breathing through the mouth and nose, the glucide elution from the chewing gum, number of chewing strokes, duration of chewing, and electromyography (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle were evaluated as variables of masticatory efficiency.

Results:
The durations required for the chewing of 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 250 strokes were significantly (P &lt; .05) longer while breathing through the mouth. There was no significant difference in the glucide elution rate (%) for each chewing stroke between nose and mouth breathings. The glucide elution rates for 1- and 3-minute chewing were significantly (P &lt; .05) lower while breathing through the mouth. However, there was no significant difference in the glucide elution rate for 5-minute chewing between nose and mouth breathings. While chewing for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, the chewing stroke and EMG activity of the masseter muscle were significantly (P &lt; .05) lower during mouth breathing.

Conclusions:
It takes a longer amount of time to complete chewing to obtain higher masticatory efficiency when breathing through the mouth. Therefore, mouth breathing will decrease the masticatory efficiency if the duration of chewing is restricted in everyday life.
Surgical outcome of strabismus
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Manoranjan Aparajita , Shrestha Sushan 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Strabismus is encountered daily by paediatric ophthalmologists and orthoptists in their practice.Strabismus and amblyopia affect 5% of the population. The aim of the study was to determine the surgicaloutcome of strabismus.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted at Nepal Eye Hospital from 2010 to 2011 with the samplesize of 40. Patients undergoing strabismus surgery either for esotropia or exotropia were included in the study.Detailed preoperative and postoperative orthoptic evaluation of all the patients was done apart from the anteriorand posterior segment examination and the surgical outcome was assessed.Results: Forty patients of which 52.5% males and 47.5% females with mean age of 21.025 years underwentstrabismus surgery. Manifest divergent squint was present in 61%, manifest convergent squint in 38% andintermittent squint in 5% of patients. 87.5% underwent 2 muscle surgery, 10% underwent 3 muscle surgeryand 2.5% underwent single muscle surgery. Postoperative deviation for near was 0 ???? in 10%, 2-8 ???? in 37.5%and 10-15???? in 27.5%. Similarly, postoperative deviation for distance was 0???? in 22%, 2-8???? in 27% and 10-15????in 22%. Binocular single vision was present in 50% patients preoperatively and 53% patients postoperatively.Conclusion: Though cosmesis has been improved in most of the patients after strabismus surgery, binocularsingle vision and stereopsis improved in very minimal percentage of patients as the surgery was done after theage of visual maturation in most of the cases. This accentuates the need for strabismus surgery within the yearsof cortical plasticitydoi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12921
Serum Creatinine and Urine Microalbumin Level in Hypertensive and Non hypertensive Patients.
Authors: Joshi Keshab Raj , Gautam Ashish , Pandeya Dipendra Raj , Poudel Keshab 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, more likely to accelerateatherosclerosis causing cardiovascular complications and benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis for an extendedperiod of time may manifest as a mild to moderate elevation of serum creatinine and/or microalbuminuria.Methods: The present study was carried out on total 100 subjects. Which were divided into two groups. Firstgroup of experimental group consist of 50 subjects with known Hypertensive Subjects. Another group is controlgroup consist of 50 Non-Hypertensive Subjects with no present and past family history of hypertension.Results: The serum creatinine and microalbuminuria were estimated, compared and correlated in hypertensivecase group with healthy normotensive group. In case group there was signiÞ cantly elevated urine microalbuminand serum creatinine levels when compared to controls and also signiÞ cant positive correlation betweenserum creatinine and urine microalbumin levels in case group (hypertensive) as compared to control (nonhypertensive) groupConclusions: In the present study it has concluded that in Hypertensive patients serum creatinine, urinemicroalbumin is stastistically elevated in subjects group when compared to the control group.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12923
Association of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Stomach Cancer
Authors: Thapa Narayan , Shah Kunda Bikram , Bhandari Bharat Bahadur , Hamal Bhairab Kumar , Shrestha Amar , Adhikari Subodh Kumar 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) as a primary etiological factor in carcinoma stomach. Associationof H. Pylori in gastric cancer has been documented to be in more than 50% of cases. In underdevelopedcountries, this association is shown to be much higher according to different studies.Methods: A prospective observational study of 40 consecutive cases of carcinoma stomach was under takenin surgical department of Shree Birendra hospital and Bir hospital, for a period of two years 2009 to 2011.Location and pathological types of the lesion were noted and all specimens were investigated to see presenceof helicobacter pylori by rapid urease test (RUT) and histological examination.Results: Out of 40 patients, helicobacter pylori positivity was seen in 27 (67.5%) cases by both rapid ureasetest and Histopathological examination (HPE). Regarding the pathological types, out of 26 intestinal type of castomach, 20 (76.92%) cases were positive for H. pylori infection, whereas out of 14 diffuse type of ca stomach,7(50%) cases were positive for H. pylori. In 29 cases of distal ca stomach, H. pylori positivity was seen in 22(75.86%) cases, whereas in rest of the 11 cases the lesion involved other part of the stomach, H. pylori positivitywas seen in 5(45.45%) cases.Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection is higher in prevalence in cases of stomach cancer. Its associationwith intestinal histological type of stomach cancer is more common than diffuse type. There is higher prevalenceof Helicobacter pylori infection in distal carcinoma. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12927
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
Authors: Pandey Bandana 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Knowledge of pelvic inflammatory disease and its epidemiology is essential to understand reproductive morbidity in women. This paper estimates the level of association between demographic factors and pelvic inflammatory disease in women in their reproductive age. Methods: A descriptive study done in Humla, Kritipur and Baudha by organizing a health camp. Women of reproductive age group and who have lower abdominal pain, pervaginal discharge, fever, and dysparunia were included in the study after taking informed verbal consent from the patient. Patients who have lower abdominal pain and pervaginal discharge were diagnosed as pelvic inflammatory disease. Results: Diagnoses of pelvic inflammatory disease were made in 30% of attendances amongst women aged between 16 to 48. Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease was associated with smoking (P<0.0001), age groups 31 – 40 yrs (44.6%),in rural areas(45%) and people who are illiterate (P<0.0001). Among 400, 383(95%) were reported ever using a modern contraceptive. Conclusion: The prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease was 30% in reproductive age group and was significantly associated with smoking.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12992
Awareness about Tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS: A cross Sectional Institutional Study.
Authors: Shrestha Bikal , Pandya Kapil , Patel Barun , Shrestha Rubina Shrestha , Kumar Raj 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Worldwide, Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection affecting HIV seropositive individuals and it remains the most common cause of death in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is estimated that 50 to 60% of HIV infected people will develop TB in their lifetime. Keeping this in background this study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on TB in HIV positive patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in HIV positive individuals attending an ART centre. 100 attendees were selected by systematic random sampling method and interviewed with a pretested, structured questionnaire. Results: In the study 37.2% of respondents were not aware about air/droplet as a route of transmission of TB. Only 10% knew that infective organisms as a common opportunist infection in people with HIV & AIDS. 78.2% of the study population felt that the community will treat them differently if they suffer from TB and total of 57.7% confirmed an attitude of hiding the disease in them. Conclusion: The overall knowledge about TB in HIV positive individuals is low. Efforts must be made to counsel the patients about TB right in the first counselling session that the patient attends in ART centres so as to prevent spread of TB in the community.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12993
Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children.
Authors: Ghimire Gyanendra , Pandeya Dipendra , Adhikari Binita , Pradhan Manoj 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are endemic worldwide and constitute a major public health problem and considered as ‘cancers of developing countries. Nepal is small improvised country where 70.0% of morbidity and mortality are associated with infectious diseases. Giardiasis, ascariasis, amoebiasis, ancyclostomiasis and taeniasis are common intestinal parasitic infections in Nepal. Thus, in this paper we report the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among school going children of Eastern part of Nepal. Mathods: A total of 300 stool samples were collected from school children of Eastern part of Nepal in random basis. An informed consent was taken from both students and school teachers. The samples were examined for the presence of parasites both macroscopically and microscopically. Standard parasitological examination methods were followed. Results: Out of total 300 school going children included in the study, 195 were male and 105 were female. A total of 97 (29.1%) were positive for one or more parasites. Out of total parasites detected, 35 (36.1%) were protozoan, 39 (40.2%) were helminthes and 23(23.7%) were mixed type. Giardia intestinalis 30 (30.9%) and Hookworm 18 (18.6%) were the commonest protozoan and helminthes respectively. The other parasites detected were A. lumbricoides 15(15.5%), H. nana 6 (6.2%) and Entamoeba histolytica 5(5.2%). Multiple parasitism was detected in 23(23.7%) children. Conclusion: The incidence of intestinal parasite infection was 29%. The commonest infestation was Helminthe. Regular deworming program in association to other preventive measures may help reduce the prevalence.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12994
Knowledge and Practice of Solid Waste and Excreta Management at Secondary Schools in Nawalparasi District.
Authors: Maskey Kashi Palikhe , Lama Laxmi , Basnet Ambu , Dhakal Shiva Prakash 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Solid waste and excreta are unwanted materials in environment. It includes garbage (food waste), rubbish (Paper, plastics, and wood, metal, throw-away containers. glass), demolition product (brackets, masonry, and piper) sewage treatment residue (sludge and solids from the coarse screening of the domestic sewage), dead animal manure and other discarded material. Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to find out a study on the practice of solid waste and excreta management among the students of 9-10 grades of Public Secondary schools of Nawalparasi district. For this purpose 168 respondents were provided with semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 96 percent of the respondent said the class room must be clean but in practice it was found that only 85.71 percent students clean the class room. Majority of the respondent said that they dispose the waste in garbage pit but in practice it was not found so the papers were found to thrown haphazardly. Majority of schools had the facility of the dumping site but they were found to adopt bad practice of solid waste management the dumping site was not well managed. The students were found to have knowledge on solid waste and excreta management but they were only the sources of the solid waste in the school. Conclusions: There is a need to raise the awareness about the management of the solid waste among students, teaching and non-teaching staffs of the school. Many teachers and students were the sources of the solid waste.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12995
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae , a therapeutic challenge.
Authors: Chaudhary Raina , Bhatt Sabita Bhatt , Piya Eva 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common Gram negative bacteria encountered byclinicians worldwide as a cause of infections in human. Most of the infections are acquired in hospital settingtherefore, it is reported to be the amongst the 10 most common nosocomial pathogen in various studies. Nowadays,Klebsiella pneumoniae infections are complicated by increase in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)producing isolates. Therefore, this study is being conducted with the objective to fi nd out the prevalence ofESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniaein various clinical samples and to fi nd out there sensitivity pattern.Methods: A total of 100 Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from various samples during the period of April2013 to November 2013 in Microbiology Unit of Shree Birendra Hospital. All the isolates were identifi ed withtheir sensitivity pattern according to standard methodology. Combination disc diffusion method was followedfor identifi cation of ESBL.Results: Out of total 100 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae21% were ESBL producer.ESBL producer isolatesshowed 100% sensitivity to Imepenem followed by Amikacin 57.1% and Chloramphenicol 47.6%. All theESBL isolates were resistant to both Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime.Conclusions: ESBL producer Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were multidrug resistant. Continuous surveillanceand timely intervention with discouraging the use of cephalosporin group of antibiotics is mandatory.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12996
BEDAQUILINE: A long but much fruitful wait since seventies
Authors: Khadka Anjan 
Published: July 2015

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in developing countries one of the leading cause of deaths due to infectious disease in the world. Drug treatment had being successful with anti-tubercular drugs available, but Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are serious forms of TB which have emerged as real concern. Bedaquiline (TMC-207 or R207910), is a new anti TB agent been approved as a part of drug regimen therapy in pulmonary MDR-TB. Bedaquiline acts on energy metabolism of the bacteria. It acts as a bactericidal drug. There are two important black box warnings for this drug, firstly prolongation of QT interval and secondly increased risk of death with bedaquiline as compared to placebo treatment. Fast track approval for bedaquiline was based on two phase 2 trials. The FDA has approved bedaquiline on Dec 2012, for the treatment of MDR-TB in adults (>18 years) as part of combination therapy under the fast track designation, priority review and orphan-product designation based on two Phase II trials. Careful use of this drug along with monitoring of the potential adverse effects and drug interactions becomes very important, as this new anti-tubercular drug has being approved after forty years, since last anti tubercular drug was approved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.13000
Klebsiella pneumoniae associated nosocomial meningitis in a patient after resection of meningioma.
Authors: Bhatta Sabita , Chaudhary Raina , Ayer Dhirendra 
Published: July 2015

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a primary pathogen capable of causing urinary tract infection (UTIs), liver abscess and pneumonia in otherwise healthy individuals. However, most infections caused by K. pneumoniae are acquired in the hospitals and/or occur in those who are debilitated by various under lying conditions. Nosocomial infections caused by K. pneumoniae includes wound infections, infections of intravascular and other invasive devices, biliary tract infections, peritonitis and meningitis. We report a case of a 29 year old male who developed meningitis after excision of meningioma.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.13004
Adventures in Hybrid Space
Authors: Solo Liz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: Digital technologies offer performance artists remarkable new tools and unique perspectives for creating and presenting work. In a world increasingly mediated by digital devices, new innovations are driving us toward more and more immersive experiences. Artists are pioneering new technologies, questioning and pressing against the boundaries of these synthetic environments and using the Internet to reach around the world to connect with other artists and new audiences. With the emergence of augmented-reality technology, virtual reality is now bursting at the seams and about to spill back out into the world. The overlay of the virtual onto the real is becoming more commonplace, and artists are poised to not only navigate these new technologies but also locate and push past new boundaries.
Concord Floral and This is my room. Look.
Authors: Tannahill Jordan , Brubacher Erin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: Concord Floral, written by Governor General’s Awardwinning playwright Jordan Tannahill, and co-created with acclaimed multidisciplinary artists Erin Brubacher and Cara Spooner, offers us a glimpse of what the future of performance might look like if it took seriously the emotional lives and searing insights of twenty-first century teens. An adaptation of Giovanni Boccaccio’s medieval allegory the Decameron, in which 10 youth take shelter in a villa to hide from the Black Death, the play unearths the dark memories, fears, and desires that swirl around an abandoned greenhouse, a suburban hangout that has become a place of refuge from an often inhospitable and bewildering adult world. The play is accompanied by This is my room. Look. by Erin Brubacher, a series of powerful photographic portraits originally installed with the theatre production. These photos extend our conception of where a performance begins and ends, of what visual, material, and disciplinary worlds a performance might be seen to contain. With an introduction by Laura Levin.
The Metacritical Work of Autobiography in Performance
Authors: Heddon Deirdre 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: In her new book Performing Autobiography: Contemporary Canadian Drama, Jenn Stephenson focuses on “fictional autobiography,” offering nuanced metacritique of autobiographical practices in contemporary Canadian drama. Stephenson’s book, and the plays she includes within it, has much to teach us about the performances of autobiography, performances pervasive and potentially consequential in the “real world.”
Complications and outcome of a new modified Maquet technique for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in 82 dogs
Authors: Barthélémy N. , Noël S. , Claeys S. , Etchepareborde S. , Farnir F. , Balligand M. , Ramirez J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectives: To describe the complications, short and long-term outcome and owner satisfaction of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated with a recently described new osteotomy for the modified Maquet technique (N-MMT).Materials and methods: Medical records and radiographs of 82 dogs (84 stifles) were reviewed. Details regarding short-term outcome and complications were recorded from the medical records. Long-term follow-up information was obtained by telephone interview. Historical data and complications were statistically analysed.Results: Major complications occurred in 34/84 stifles. Intra-operative complications occurred in 26/84 stifles, all of which were fissures or fractures of the cortical hinge. Twenty-one of these fractures or fissures were repaired with a figure-of-eight wire. The second most common major complication was late meniscal tears in 3/84 stifles. One dog sustained a complete tibial fracture. Non-displaced fracture of the cortical hinge was the most common postoperative minor complication, which occurred in 5/84 stifles. The median preoperative lameness score was 3 out of 6. Final in-hospital re-evaluation of limb function was available in 58 dogs. The median lameness score at that time was 0 out of 6. Development of osteotomy related complications was not associated with a significant change in the postoperative lameness score.Clinical significance: Subjectively assessed clinical outcome with the N-MMT was good to excellent in this cohort of dogs. However, a high rate of intra- and postoperative complications of the N-MMT procedure was also present in these dogs.