bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic variations in the Diaokou lobe area of the Yellow River delta, China: implications for an evolutionary model of a delta lobe
Authors: Wang Yonghong , Liu Xiujin , Li Guangxue , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Characterization of the evolution of delta lobes has theoretical significance for the formation of entire deltas. The Diaokou lobe of the Yellow River delta provides a typical example. The Yellow River transported a great deal of sediment to the Diaokou area during the period of 1964–76 after the river changed its course to the Diaokou River and formed a new delta lobe – the Diaokou lobe. The Diaokou lobe reflects the evolution of the modern Yellow River delta and contains a record that represents the complete modern Yellow River delta depositional system. Using grain-size characteristics, magnetism, and the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)
14
C dating of cores ZK10-3 and ZK30 in the northern part of the Diaokou lobe, combined with collected data from cores ZK227, ZK1 and ZK228, which are located further south on the Diaokou lobe, we analysed the Holocene and recent stratigraphy of the Diaokou lobe area and its evolution. The Holocene stratigraphy of the Diaokou lobe and the nearby area contains upwards-succession, shallow-marine, river and lake, salt-marsh, and delta facies. This area received deltaic deposits beginning in 1855 and experienced prodelta, delta-front (lateral) and delta-plain deposition. When the Diaokou lobe began to form, this area experienced four stages of deposition after 1964: (1) dispersed-flow deposition; (2) single-channel deposition; (3) diversion deposition; and (4) abandonment and erosion. Compared with the evolution of a lobe of the Mississippi delta, the Yellow River delta contains thick, laterally extensive deposits as a result of the higher sediment load.
Response of Spatial Patterns of Denitrifying Bacteria Communities to Water Properties in the Stream Inlets at Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: Yi Neng , Gao Yan , Zhang Zhenhua , Wang Yan , Liu Xinhong , Zhang Li , Yan Shaohua 
Published: October 2015

Streams are an important sink for anthropogenic N owing to their hydrological connections with terrestrial systems, but main factors influencing the community structure and abundance of denitrifiers in stream water remain unclear. To elucidate the potential impact of varying water properties of different streams on denitrifiers, the abundance and community of three denitrifying genes coding for nitrite (nirK, nirS) and nitrous oxide (nosZ) reductase were investigated in 11 streams inlets at the north part of Dianchi Lake. The DGGE results showed the significant pairwise differences in community structure ofnirK, nirS, andnosZgenes among different streams. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed that nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, pH, and temperature in waters were the main environmental factors leading to a significant alteration in the community structure of denitrifiers among different streams. The denitrifying community size was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of thenirS, nirK, andnosZgenes. The abundance ofnirK, nirS, andnosZwas positively associated with concentrations of total N (TN) andPO43- (p<0.001). The difference in spatial patterns betweennirKandnirScommunity diversity, in combination with the spatial distribution of thenirS/nirKratio, indicated the occurrence of habitat selection for these two types of denitrifiers in the different streams. The results indicated that the varying of N species andPO43- together with pH and temperature would be the main factors shaping the community structure of denitrifiers. Meanwhile, the levels of N in water, together withPO43- , tend to affect the abundance of denitrifiers.
PI3K–mTORC2 but not PI3K–mTORC1 Regulates Transcription of HIF2A/EPAS1 and Vascularization in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Mohlin Sofie , Hamidian Arash , von Stedingk Kristoffer , Bridges Esther , Wigerup Caroline , Bexell Daniel , Påhlman Sven 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a master regulator of cellular responses to oxygen deprival with a critical role in mediating the angiogenic switch in solid tumors. Differential expression of the HIF subunits HIF1α and HIF2α occurs in many human tumor types, suggesting selective implications to biologic context. For example, high expression of HIF2α that occurs in neuroblastoma is associated with stem cell–like features, disseminated disease, and poor clinical outcomes, suggesting pivotal significance for HIF2 control in neuroblastoma biology. In this study, we provide novel insights into how HIF2α expression is transcriptionally controlled by hypoxia and how this control is abrogated by inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1R/INSR-driven phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Reducing PI3K activity was sufficient to decrease HIF2α mRNA and protein expression in a manner with smaller and less vascularized tumors in vivo. PI3K-regulated HIF2A mRNA expression was independent of Akt or mTORC1 signaling but relied upon mTORC2 signaling. HIF2A mRNA was induced by hypoxia in neuroblastoma cells isolated from metastatic patient–derived tumor xenografts, where HIF2A levels could be reduced by treatment with PI3K and mTORC2 inhibitors. Our results suggest that targeting PI3K and mTORC2 in aggressive neuroblastomas with an immature phenotype may improve therapeutic efficacy. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4617–28. ©2015 AACR.
Androgen Receptor Upregulation Mediates Radioresistance after Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Spratt Daniel E. , Evans Michael J. , Davis Brian J. , Doran Michael G. , Lee Man Xia , Shah Neel , Wongvipat John , Carnazza Kathryn E. , Klee George G. , Polkinghorn William , Tindall Donald J. , Lewis Jason S. , Sawyers Charles L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Clinical trials have established the benefit of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with radiotherapy in prostate cancer. ADT sensitizes prostate cancer to radiotherapy-induced death at least in part through inhibition of DNA repair machinery, but for unknown reasons, adjuvant ADT provides further survival benefits. Here, we show that androgen receptor (AR) expression and activity are durably upregulated following radiotherapy in multiple human prostate cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the degree of AR upregulation correlates with survival in vitro and time to tumor progression in animal models. We also provide evidence of AR pathway upregulation, measured by a rise in serum levels of AR-regulated hK2 protein, in nearly 20% of patients after radiotherapy. Furthermore, these men were three-fold more likely to experience subsequent biochemical failure. Collectively, these data demonstrate that radiotherapy can upregulate AR signaling after therapy to an extent that negatively affects disease progression and/or survival. Cancer Res; 75(22); 4688–96. ©2015 AACR.
Control of Proliferation and Cancer Growth by the Hippo Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ehmer Ursula , Sage Julien 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The control of cell division is essential for normal development and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal cell proliferation is associated with multiple pathological states, including cancer. Although the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway was initially thought to control organ size and growth, increasing evidence indicates that this pathway also plays a major role in the control of proliferation independent of organ size control. In particular, accumulating evidence indicates that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway functionally interacts with multiple other cellular pathways and serves as a central node in the regulation of cell division, especially in cancer cells. Here, recent observations are highlighted that connect Hippo/YAP signaling to transcription, the basic cell-cycle machinery, and the control of cell division. Furthermore, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive attributes of YAP/TAZ are reviewed, which emphasizes the relevance of the Hippo pathway in cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 14(2); 127–40. ©2015 AACR.
Molecular Heterogeneity and Receptor Coamplification Drive Resistance to Targeted Therapy inMET-Amplified Esophagogastric Cancer
Authors: Kwak Eunice L. , Ahronian Leanne G. , Siravegna Giulia , Mussolin Benedetta , Borger Darrell R. , Godfrey Jason T. , Jessop Nicholas A. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Ryan David P. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Iafrate A. John , Bardelli Alberto , Hong Theodore S. , Corcoran Ryan B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMET inhibition is effective in some patients with MET-amplified esophagogastric cancer (EGC), but understanding acquired and de novo resistance mechanisms will be critical to improving therapy. We identified KRAS mutation as a novel cause of acquired resistance in a patient after a 2-year response to a MET inhibitor. We also observed that 40% to 50% of patients with MET-amplified EGC harbor coamplification of HER2 and/or EGFR concurrently in the same tumor cells, which can drive de novo resistance. One patient with concurrent MET and HER2 amplification was refractory to HER2 blockade, but responded to combined MET/HER2 inhibition. We also found striking heterogeneity in MET amplification between distinct metastatic lesions and primary tumors in individual patients with EGC. In these patients, MET inhibition led to mixed responses and disease progression through outgrowth of non–MET-amplified clones, which could be monitored in circulating tumor DNA. Thus, receptor coamplification and molecular heterogeneity may be key drivers of clinical resistance in MET-amplified EGC.Significance: Coamplification of driver oncogenes occurs frequently in EGC and can drive therapeutic resistance, supporting a role for comprehensive molecular analysis prior to targeted therapy. EGCs can also exhibit extensive heterogeneity in gene amplification between distinct tumor lesions within the same patient, suggesting that molecular profiling of a single-lesion biopsy may be insufficient to guide targeted therapy selection. Cancer Discov; 5(12); 1271–81. ©2015 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1225
Has NHS reorganisation saved lives? A CuSum study using 65 years of data
Authors: Lale Alice S , Temple Jonathan MF 
Published: October 2015

Objectives To determine if NHS reforms affect population mortality. Design Retrospective study using routinely published data. Setting & participants Resident population of England and Wales 1948 to 2012 Main outcome measure All cause age sex directly standardised mortality England and Wales 1948 to 2012. Methods Using the CuSum technique and Change-Point Analysis to identify sustained changes in the improving age-standardised mortality rates for the period 1948-2012, and comparing the time of these changes with periods of NHS reform. Where observed changes did not fit with NHS reform, changes external to the NHS were sought as a possible explanation of changes observed. Results CuSum plotting and CPA showed no significant changes in female mortality trend between 1948 and 2012. However, this analysis identified a sustained improvement in the male mortality trend, occurring in the mid-1970s. A further change in the rate of male mortality decline was found around the Millennium. Conclusion The 1974 NHS reorganisation, changing service arrangements predominantly for women and children, is considered an unlikely explanation of the improved rate of male mortality decline. Thus, centrally led NHS reorganisation has never had any detectable effect on either male or female mortality and must be considered ineffective for this purpose. But some evidence supporting the view that increased funding improves outcomes is found.
Mental health consequences of stress and trauma: allostatic load markers for practice and policy with a focus on Indigenous health
Authors: Berger Maximus , Juster Robert-Paul , Sarnyai Zoltán 
Published: October 2015

Objective: Mental health, well-being, and social life are intimately related as is evident from the higher incidence of psychiatric illness in individuals exposed to social stress and adversity. Several biological pathways linking social adversity to health outcomes are heavily investigated in the aims of facilitating early identification and prevention of adverse health outcomes. We provide a practice-orientated overview of the allostatic load model and how it relates to metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Allostatic load brings together a set of neuroendocrine, metabolic, immune and cardiovascular biomarkers that are elevated in individuals with adverse early life experiences and are predictive of cardiovascular and metabolic risk in psychiatric illness of critical importance for Indigenous Australians.
Towards culturally appropriate assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional well-being
Authors: Balaratnasingam Sivasankaran , Anderson Lynette , Janca Aleksandar , Lee Jason 
Published: October 2015

Objective: Identification of need for specialist assessment and the use of relevant cultural information to inform mental health assessment and care are two key factors in improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander access to and experience of mental health care. This paper describes the Here and Now Aboriginal Assessment tool (HANAA) and the Cultural Information Gathering Tool (CIGT), two instruments developed to be used respectively by non-mental health clinicians and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health workers. Method: Following widespread consultations and feedback, two independent groups of mental health clinicians based in Western Australia and Queensland were involved in developing the HANAA and CIGT. Results: Both the HANAA and CIGT fill unmet needs in terms of instruments that can be used by non-specialists working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Conclusions: Preliminary use of the HANAA and CIGT suggests that they are well received, easy to deploy and effective instruments that promote cultural security and communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
A collaborative approach to improve the assessment of physical health in adult consumers with schizophrenia in Queensland mental health services
Authors: Plever Sally , McCarthy Irene , Anzolin Melissa , Emmerson Brett , Khatun Mohsina 
Published: October 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to apply a quality improvement collaborative to increase the number of physical health assessments conducted with consumers diagnosed with schizophrenia in adult community mental health services across Queensland. Method: Sixteen adult mental health service organisations voluntarily took part in the statewide collaborative initiative to increase the number of physical health assessments completed on persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders managed through the community mental health service. Results: Improvement in the physical health assessment clinical indicator was demonstrated across the state over a 3-year period with an increase in the number of physical health assessments recorded from 12% to 58%. Conclusions: Significant improvements were made over a 3-year period by all mental health services involved in the collaborative, supporting the application of a quality improvement methodology to drive change across mental health services.
Expression of semaphorin 3A, semaphorin 7A and their receptors in multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Costa C , Martínez-Sáez E , Gutiérrez-Franco A , Eixarch H , Castro Z , Ortega-Aznar A , Ramón y Cajal S , Montalban X , Espejo C 
Published: October 2015

Background: Studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental models point to a critical role of semaphorin (sema)3A and sema7A in MS pathogenesis. Objective: The objective of this paper is to characterise the expression of sema3A, sema7A, and their receptors in MS lesions. Methods: We included 44 demyelinating lesions from MS patients, 12 lesions with acute cerebral infarct, 11 lesions with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and 10 non-neurological control patients. MS lesions were classified according to inflammatory activity and all samples were immunostained for sema3A, sema7A, neuropilin 1 (Np-1), α1-integrin, and β1-integrin. Results: In MS-damaged white matter sema3A and Np-1 were both detected in microglia/macrophages, whereas reactive astrocytes expressed only sema3A. Otherwise, sema7A, α1-integrin and β1-integrin were observed in reactive astrocytes, and microglia/macrophages only expressed β1-integrin. The expression of sema3A, sema7A and their receptors is more relevant in MS than in other demyelinating diseases. Sema3A and sema7A expression correlated with the inflammatory activity of the MS lesions, suggesting their involvement in the immunological process that takes place in MS. Conclusions: The expression pattern of sema3A, sema7A and their receptors in MS lesions suggests that both molecules contribute to create a negative environment for tissue regeneration, influencing the ability to regenerate the damaged tissue.
No evidence of disease activity in multiple sclerosis: Implications on cognition and brain atrophy
Authors: Damasceno Alfredo , Damasceno Benito Pereira , Cendes Fernando 
Published: October 2015

Background: The concept of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) has emerged as an important outcome measure for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is not known if maintaining NEDA has a positive impact on cognition or brain atrophy. Objective: To evaluate NEDA status after two years, addressing its implications on cognition and brain atrophy. Methods: Forty-two relapsing–remitting MS patients and 30 controls underwent MRI (3T) and cognitive evaluation (BRB-N). Forty patients performed additional evaluations, after 12 and 24 months. NEDA was defined as the absence of clinical (relapses/disability progression) and MRI activity (new T2/gadolinium-enhancing lesions). Repeated measures and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the contribution of NEDA criteria to GM atrophy. Results: After two years, 30.8% of the cohort had NEDA. From these, 58.3% still had worsening in ⩾2 cognitive domains. Patients with MRI activity had more cortical thinning and slightly more thalamus volume decrease. Absence of new/enlarging T2 lesions was the only predictor of cortical thinning, subcortical GM and thalamic atrophy rates. Conclusions: NEDA status was achieved in a small proportion of our cohort, and did not preclude cognitive deterioration. Absence of MRI activity and especially of new/enlarging T2 lesions was associated with less cortical and subcortical GM atrophy.
Monthly oral methylprednisolone pulse treatment in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ratzer Rikke , Iversen Pernille , Börnsen Lars , Dyrby Tim B , Romme Christensen Jeppe , Ammitzbøll Cecilie , Madsen Camilla Gøbel , Garde Ellen , Lyksborg Mark , Andersen Birgit , Hyldstrup Lars , Sørensen Per Soelberg , Siebner Hartwig R , Sellebjerg Finn 
Published: October 2015

Background: There is a large unmet need for treatments for patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Phase 2 studies with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker outcomes may be well suited for the initial evaluation of efficacious treatments. Objective: To evaluate the effect of monthly oral methylprednisolone pulse treatment on intrathecal inflammation in progressive MS. Methods: In this open-label phase 2A study, 15 primary progressive and 15 secondary progressive MS patients received oral methylprednisolone pulse treatment for 60 weeks. Primary outcome was changes in CSF concentrations of osteopontin. Secondary outcomes were other CSF biomarkers of inflammation, axonal damage and demyelination; clinical scores; magnetic resonance imaging measures of disease activity, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); motor evoked potentials; and bone density scans. Results: We found no change in the CSF concentration of osteopontin, but we observed significant improvement in clinical scores, MTR, DTI and some secondary CSF outcome measures. Adverse events were well-known side effects to methylprednisolone. Conclusion: Monthly methylprednisolone pulse treatment was safe, but had no effect on the primary outcome. However, improvements in secondary clinical and MRI outcome measures suggest that this treatment regimen may have a beneficial effect in progressive MS.
Regional cortical thinning in multiple sclerosis and its relation with cognitive impairment: A multicenter study
Authors: Tillema JM , Hulst HE , Rocca MA , Vrenken H , Steenwijk MD , Damjanovic D , Enzinger C , Ropele S , Tedeschi G , Gallo A , Ciccarelli O , Rovira A , Montalban X , de Stefano N , Stromillo ML , Filippi M , Barkhof F ,   on behalf of the MAGNIMS Study Group
Published: October 2015

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to compare in a multicenter setting patterns of regional cortical thickness in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and cognitive impairment (CI) and those cognitively preserved (CP), and explore the relationship between cortical thinning and cognitive performance. Methods: T1-weighted isotropic brain scans were collected at 3T from seven European centers in 60 RRMS patients and 65 healthy controls (HCs). Patients underwent clinical and neuropsychological examinations. Cortical thickness (CTh) measures were calculated using FreeSurfer (failing in four) and both lobar and vertex-based general linear model (GLM) analyses were compared between study groups. Results: Twenty (36%) MS patients were classified as CI. Mean global CTh was smaller in RRMS patients compared to HCs (left 2.43 vs. 2.53 mm, right 2.44 vs. 2.54 mm, p < 0.001). Multivariate GLM regional analysis showed significantly more temporal thinning in CI compared to CP patients. Verbal memory scores correlated to regional cortical thinning in the insula whereas visual memory scores correlated to parietal thinning. Conclusions: This multicenter study showed mild global cortical thinning in RRMS. The extent of thinning is less pronounced than previously reported. Only subtle regional differences between CI and CP patients were observed, some of which related to specific cognitive domains.
Genome-wide surveillance of mismatched alleles for graft-versus-host disease in stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sato-Otsubo Aiko , Nannya Yasuhito , Kashiwase Koichi , Onizuka Makoto , Azuma Fumihiro , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Ogino Yasuko , Satake Masahiro , Sanada Masashi , Chiba Shigeru , Saji Hiroh , Inoko Hidetoshi , Kennedy Giulia C. , Yamamoto Ken , Morishima Satoko , Morishima Yasuo , Kodera Yoshihisa , Sasazuki Takehiko , Ogawa Seishi 
Published: October 2015

Key Points
GWAS can identify allele mismatch associated with aGVHD development. Three novel candidate loci for minor histocompatibility antigens significantly associate with aGVHD.
Chemical Modification of Lipase for Rational Enhancement of Enantioselectivity
Authors: Ema Tadashi , Inoue Hiroki 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Chemical modifications of the I287C mutant of a Burkholderia cepacia lipase afforded various I287C-X conjugates, among which I287C-PAA bearing an N-phenylacetamide (PAA) moiety showed excellent enantioselectivity and catalytic activity for secondary alcohols. Site-directed chemical modifications are powerful tools to control enantioselective biocatalysis.
The postcolonial Possum: A passed parcel
Authors: Allen Brenda M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Brad McGann studied in Australia, where the possum is protected, but at home in Aotearoa New Zealand the animal is a threat to native species. In Possum, the autistic child Kid arouses similarly conflicting emotions in her close-knit family providing a metaphor for the changes wrought by and on settlers.