bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloid HIF-1 Is Protective in Helicobacter pylori–Mediated Gastritis
Authors: Matak Pavle , Heinis Mylène , Mathieu Jacques R. R. , Corriden Ross , Cuvellier Sylvain , Delga Stéphanie , Mounier Rémi , Rouquette Alexandre , Raymond Josette , Lamarque Dominique , Emile Jean-François , Nizet Victor , Touati Eliette , Peyssonnaux Carole 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection triggers chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that may progress to gastric cancer. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the central mediators of cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels (hypoxia), but they have emerged recently as major transcriptional regulators of immunity and inflammation. No studies have investigated whether H. pylori affects HIF signaling in immune cells and a potential role for HIF in H. pylori–mediated gastritis. HIF-1 and HIF-2 expression was examined in human H. pylori–positive gastritis biopsies. Subsequent experiments were performed in naive and polarized bone marrow–derived macrophages from wild-type (WT) and myeloid HIF-1α–null mice (HIF-1Δmyel). WT and HIF-1Δmyel mice were inoculated with H. pylori by oral gavage and sacrificed 6 mo postinfection. HIF-1 was specifically expressed in macrophages of human H. pylori–positive gastritis biopsies. Macrophage HIF-1 strongly contributed to the induction of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β) and inducible NO synthase in response to H. pylori. HIF-2 expression and markers of M2 macrophage differentiation were decreased in response to H. pylori. HIF-1Δmyel mice inoculated with H. pylori for 6 mo presented with a similar bacterial colonization than WT mice but, surprisingly, a global increase of inflammation, leading to a worsening of the gastritis, measured by an increased epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, myeloid HIF-1 is protective in H. pylori–mediated gastritis, pointing to the complex counterbalancing roles of innate immune and inflammatory phenotypes in driving this pathology.
Specific Roles of Each TCR Hemichain in Generating Functional Chain-Centric TCR
Authors: Nakatsugawa Munehide , Yamashita Yuki , Ochi Toshiki , Tanaka Shinya , Chamoto Kenji , Guo Tingxi , Butler Marcus O. , Hirano Naoto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
TCRα- and β-chains cooperatively recognize peptide–MHC complexes. It has been shown that a “chain-centric” TCR hemichain can, by itself, dictate MHC-restricted Ag specificity without requiring major contributions from the paired TCR counterchain. Little is known, however, regarding the relative contributions and roles of chain-centric and its counter, non–chain-centric, hemichains in determining T cell avidity. We comprehensively analyzed a thymically unselected T cell repertoire generated by transducing the α-chain–centric HLA-A*02:01(A2)/MART127–35 TCRα, clone SIG35α, into A2-matched and unmatched postthymic T cells. Regardless of their HLA-A2 positivity, a substantial subset of peripheral T cells transduced with SIG35α gained reactivity for A2/MART127–35. Although the generated A2/MART127–35–specific T cells used various TRBV genes, TRBV27 predominated with &gt;102 highly diverse and unique clonotypic CDR3β sequences. T cells individually reconstituted with various A2/MART127–35 TRBV27 TCRβ genes along with SIG35α possessed a wide range (&gt;2 log orders) of avidity. Approximately half possessed avidity higher than T cells expressing clone DMF5, a naturally occurring A2/MART127–35 TCR with one of the highest affinities. Importantly, similar findings were recapitulated with other self-Ags. Our results indicate that, although a chain-centric TCR hemichain determines Ag specificity, the paired counterchain can regulate avidity over a broad range (&gt;2 log orders) without compromising Ag specificity. TCR chain centricity can be exploited to generate a thymically unselected Ag-specific T cell repertoire, which can be used to isolate high-avidity antitumor T cells and their uniquely encoded TCRs rarely found in the periphery because of tolerance.
Ly6Chigh Monocytes Control Cerebral Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Biswas Aindrila , Bruder Dunja , Wolf Susanne A. , Jeron Andreas , Mack Matthias , Heimesaat Markus M. , Dunay Ildiko Rita 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Cerebral infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is followed by activation of resident cells and recruitment of immune cells from the periphery to the CNS. In this study, we show that a subset of myeloid cells, namely Ly6ChighCCR2+ inflammatory monocytes that infiltrate the brain upon chronic T. gondii infection, plays a decisive role in host defense. Depletion of this monocyte subset resulted in elevated parasite load and decreased survival of infected mice, suggesting their crucial role. Notably, Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes governed parasite control due to production of proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, inducible NO synthase, TNF, and reactive oxygen intermediate. Interestingly, Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes were also able to produce the regulatory cytokine IL-10, revealing their dual feature. Moreover, we confirmed by adoptive transfer that the recruited monocytes further develop into two distinct subpopulations contributing to parasite control and profound host defense. The differentiated Ly6CintCCR2+F4/80int subset upregulated MHC I and MHC II molecules, suggesting dendritic cell properties such as interaction with T cells, whereas the Ly6CnegF4/80high cell subset displayed elevated phagocytic capacity while upregulating triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2. Finally, we have shown that the recruitment of Ly6Chigh monocytes to the CNS is regulated by P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. These results indicate the critical importance of recruited Ly6Chigh monocytes upon cerebral toxoplasmosis and reveal the behavior of further differentiated myeloid-derived mononuclear cell subsets in parasite control and immune regulation of the CNS.
Basal Cells Contribute to Innate Immunity of the Airway Epithelium through Production of the Antimicrobial Protein RNase 7
Authors: Amatngalim Gimano D. , van Wijck Yolanda , de Mooij-Eijk Yvonne , Verhoosel Renate M. , Harder Jürgen , Lekkerkerker Annemarie N. , Janssen Richard A. J. , Hiemstra Pieter S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Basal cells play a critical role in the response of the airway epithelium to injury and are recently recognized to also contribute to epithelial immunity. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides are essential effector molecules in this airway epithelial innate immunity. However, little is known about the specific role of basal cells in antimicrobial protein and peptide production and about the regulation of the ubiquitous antimicrobial protein RNase 7. In this study, we report that basal cells are the principal cell type producing RNase 7 in cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC). Exposure of submerged cultured PBEC (primarily consisting of basal cells) to the respiratory pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae resulted in a marked increase in expression of RNase 7, although this was not observed in differentiated air–liquid interface cultured PBEC. However, transient epithelial injury in air–liquid interface–cultured PBEC induced by cigarette smoke exposure led to epidermal growth factor receptor–mediated expression of RNase 7 in remaining basal cells. The selective induction of RNase 7 in basal cells by cigarette smoke was demonstrated using confocal microscopy and by examining isolated luminal and basal cell fractions. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a phenotype-specific innate immune activity of airway epithelial basal cells, which serves as a second line of airway epithelial defense that is induced by airway epithelial injury.
MAPK Phosphatase 7 Regulates T Cell Differentiation via Inhibiting ERK-Mediated IL-2 Expression
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Nallaparaju Kalyan C. , Liu Xin , Jiao Huipeng , Reynolds Joseph M. , Wang Zhi-Xin , Dong Chen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Members of the MAPK phosphatase (MKP) protein family play critical roles in immune responses through differential regulation of MAPK activation. In this study, we show that MKP7, also known as dual-specificity phosphatase 16, was required for CD4+ T cell responses in vivo. Mkp7−/− CD4+ T cells exhibited enhanced ERK and JNK activation, and produced increased amount of IL-2 compared with Mkp7+/+ cells upon activation. Mkp7−/− CD4+ T cells were selectively defective in Th17 differentiation in vitro, which was rescued by blocking IL-2 or inhibition of ERK activation. Furthermore, mice carrying Mkp7−/− T cells were deficient in generation of Th17 and T follicular helper cells in vivo, and were resistant to autoimmune experimental encephalomyelitis. Our results thus demonstrate an essential role of MKP7 in effector T cell function.
Retina-Specific T Regulatory Cells Bring About Resolution and Maintain Remission of Autoimmune Uveitis
Authors: Silver Phyllis , Horai Reiko , Chen Jun , Jittayasothorn Yingyos , Chan Chi-Chao , Villasmil Rafael , Kesen Muge R. , Caspi Rachel R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced in mice by immunization with the retinal Ag interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a model of human autoimmune uveitis. We examined whether T regulatory cells (Tregs) found in uveitic eyes are IRBP specific, functionally suppressive, and play a role in natural resolution of disease and in maintenance of remission. Progressive increase of Foxp3+ Treg to T effector cell (Teff) ratio in uveitic eyes correlated with resolution of disease. At peak disease, up to 20% of Tregs (CD4+Foxp3+) and up to 60% of Teffs (CD4+Foxp3−) were IRBP specific, whereas in lymphoid organs retina-specific T cells were undetectable. Tregs isolated from eyes of mice with EAU efficiently suppressed IRBP-specific responses of Teffs from the same eyes. Importantly, systemic depletion of Tregs at peak disease delayed resolution of EAU, and their depletion after resolution triggered a relapse. This could be partially duplicated by depletion of Tregs locally within the eye. Thus, the T cell infiltrate in uveitic eyes of normal mice with a polyclonal T cell repertoire is highly enriched in IRBP-specific Tregs and Teffs. Unlike what has been reported for Tregs in other inflammatory sites, Tregs from uveitic eyes appear unimpaired functionally. Finally, Foxp3+ Tregs play a role in the natural resolution of uveitis and in the maintenance of remission, which occurs at least in part through an effect that is local to the eye.
Solitary Thyroid Nodule: A Clinical Approach
Authors: Chadha Manoj , Bhagwat Nikhil M , Varthakavi Premlata K , Tayde Parimal Subhash , Dalwadi Pradip P , Sharma Bharat R , Chavhan Jagdish , Pawal Pratibha , Joshi Ameya 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Thyroid nodule is a commonly encountered clinical problem. The detection rate of solitary thyroid nodule has increased with better imaging techniques. The causes are multiple and malignancy is an usual concern, although uncommon. The evaluation begins with taking a history, performing the physical examination, and then choosing appropriate investigations to arrive at a diagnosis. This article discusses important issues related to evaluation of a solitary thyroid nodule.

How to cite this article
Tayde PS, Dalwadi PP, Sharma BR, Chavhan J, Pawal P, Joshi A, Bhagwat NM, Chadha M, Varthakavi PK. Solitary Thyroid Nodule: A Clinical Approach. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(1):23-29.
Lateral Ankle Ligament Repair: Evolution of Technique from Open to Arthroscopy
Authors: Nag Kushal , Tan Ken Jin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTOne of the most common injuries of the lower extremity is the lateral ankle sprain. In recent years, with greater emphasis on physical fitness, the chronically painful and unstable lateral ankle is an increasing common clinical finding presenting to the outpatient clinic. If residual instability and pain is still present after a course of physiotherapy, the patient should be presented with surgical options to restore ankle stability. Several surgical techniques have been described for the treatment of chronic ankle instability. Recently, some authors have developed arthroscopic suture anchor techniques to repair the lateral ankle ligaments with excellent results. The authors’ aim is to give an overview of the various techniques for repair or reconstruction of the lateral ligament complex with special emphasis on the arthroscopic lateral ligament reconstruction.How to cite this articleNag K, Tan KJ. Lateral Ankle Ligament Repair: Evolution of Technique from Open to Arthroscopy. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(2):65-68.
Obstinate Club Foot with Triple Plus Dislocations
Authors: Mittal Rattan Lal 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Resistant/rigid club foot, a common orthopedic problem, still remains an unsolved problem, especially, when we come across deformities in older children, adolescents or adults, after multiple surgeries and sometimes unique cases, like this one. This case had unique pathoanatomy, due to congenital factors, increasing age and persisting with vengeance in spite of two earlier surgeries. Before planning another surgery, it was imperative to diagnose the actual cause, i.e. the unique pathoanatomy. Various other surgical options were not expected to give the desired result due to this unique pathoanatomy. The author has been in club foot research since long and the concept of this research has been based on pathoanatomy and its total correction. During this research process, there have been numerous need based modifications from time to time, based on applied interpretations of pathoanatomy, to make it effective in all resistant club feet, at any age, including adolescents and adult, which have been used in a large series with adequate follow-up in the past 25 to 30 years, with gratifying results. The landmark modifications have been: giving a generic name obstinate club foot given to every imaginable rigid club foot of any age, a substitute for multiple names found in literature; surgical technique named as dolarz technique incorporating Z-plasties in dorsolateral rotation skin flap (DOLAR); a modification of the earlier technique already reported in the literature and not likely to succeed. Besides the skin flap, the modified extended deeper extensive soft tissue and osseous release was named as subtotal subtalar release (SSR). Treatment of the present case was by Dolarz technique, with some newer modifications. Each step was more extensive focusing on triple plus dislocations, including an innovative sliding osteotomy of cuboid for complete correction. Awareness for diagnosis and good preoperative planning was essential for gratifying result.

How to cite this article
Mittal RL. Obstinate Club Foot with Triple Plus Dislocations. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(2):72-77.
A ARTE E A HISTÓRIA DA PRODUÇÃO DE PESOS DE REDE DE BARRO, “PANDULHOS”, NO LITORAL DO PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Gernet Marcos De Vasconcellos , Santos Elizângela Da Veiga 
Published: February 2015

Os pesos de rede feitos em barro, “pandulhos”, foram intensamente produzidos e utilizados pelos antigos pescadores do litoral paranaense, e sua fabricação exigia todo um conjunto de técnicas. Para a realização deste trabalho foram escolhidos e analisados nove sítios arqueológicos históricos em quatro municípios do litoral do estado do Paraná. Ao todo encontraram-se 67 pesos de rede de seis diferentes modelos, distribuídos nos nove sítios, sendo o da Ponta do Poço o local a apresentar o maior número de peças. A praticidade do uso de chumbos industriais associada ao baixo preço das peças tornou a produção destes “pandulhos” inviável e mesmo assim ainda foram fabricados, principalmente nas ilhas, até meados da década de 1960. A pesquisa realizada demonstrou o rico potencial arqueológicodos municípios do litoral do Paraná.
Jewish Participation in the Kościuszko Uprising
Authors: Rosner Anna M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article discusses Jewish participation in the Kościuszko Uprising, beginning with a brief introduction about the situation of the Jewish population in late eighteenth- century Poland, which was later used to explain Jewish interest in the uprising as well as participation in the political and economic life of the state. Following this introduction, the article concentrates on Berek Joselewicz and his actions leading to the creation of the Jewish Light Cavalry Regiment, the first military unit in Poland organized, led, and consisting of Jews. The history of the unit was short and controversial, and even today historians debate whether it could even be considered a functional unit ready for battle. This article attempts to answer that question by detailing the history of the unit together with the battle in which it took part. It also relates Joselewicz’s story and examines the myths that continue to surround him even today.
Mise en mouvement et en image du processus de professionnalisation des Intervenants en milieu éducatif. Repérage d’une simultanéité de trois temps
Authors: Gautier Chovelon Christine 
Published: February 2015

Cet article s’appuie sur des recherches que nous avons menées en tant que coordinatrice et intervenante du parcours « Intervention en milieu éducatif » dans le cadre du master dans les domaines de l’enseignement, de l’éducation et de la formation » mis en place par l’ESPE. Le dispositif d’analyse de pratiques en devenant un espace dynamique, a permis de repérer et d’illustrer la simultanéité de trois temps intervenant dans le processus de professionnalisation des étudiants. L’objet de cette contribution est d’exposer le processus de mise en visibilité de ces temporalités en mettant l’accent sur la méthode et la posture adoptées par le formateur. Après avoir évoqué ces résultats de recherche, nous essaierons de répondre en quoi cet espace ouvert permet de mieux appréhender la temporalité de la professionnalisation dans un tout, dans un continuum entre la théorie et la pratique; et quelle place pourrait-on donner au langage analogique métaphorique en formation?
Adolescent girls and young women: key populations for HIV epidemic control
Authors: Dellar Rachael C , Dlamini Sarah , Karim Quarraisha Abdool 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionAt the epicentre of the HIV epidemic in southern Africa, adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 contribute a disproportionate ~30% of all new infections and seroconvert 5–7 years earlier than their male peers. This age–sex disparity in HIV acquisition continues to sustain unprecedentedly high incidence rates, and preventing HIV infection in this age group is a pre‐requisite for achieving an AIDS‐free generation and attaining epidemic control.DiscussionAdolescent girls and young women in southern Africa are uniquely vulnerable to HIV and have up to eight times more infection than their male peers. While the cause of this vulnerability has not been fully elucidated, it is compounded by structural, social and biological factors. These factors include but are not limited to: engagement in age‐disparate and/or transactional relationships, few years of schooling, experience of food insecurity, experience of gender‐based violence, increased genital inflammation, and amplification of effects of transmission co‐factors. Despite the large and immediate HIV prevention need of adolescent girls and young women, there is a dearth of evidence‐based interventions to reduce their risk. The exclusion of adolescents in biomedical research is a huge barrier. School and community‐based education programmes are commonplace in many settings, yet few have been evaluated and none have demonstrated efficacy in preventing HIV infection. Promising data are emerging on prophylactic use of anti‐retrovirals and conditional cash transfers for HIV prevention in these populations.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to meet the HIV prevention needs of adolescent girls and young women, particularly those who are unable to negotiate monogamy, condom use and/or male circumcision. Concerted efforts to expand the prevention options available to these young women in terms of the development of novel HIV‐specific biomedical, structural and behavioural interventions are urgently needed for epidemic control. In the interim, a pragmatic approach of integrating existing HIV prevention efforts into broader sexual reproductive health services is a public health imperative.
Mental health and support among young key populations: an ecological approach to understanding and intervention
Authors: Mutumba Massy , Harper Gary W 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThe patterning of the HIV epidemic within young key populations (YKPs) highlights disproportionate burden by mental disorders in these populations. The mental wellbeing of YKPs is closely associated with biological predispositions and psychosocial factors related to YKPs’ sexual and gender identities and socio‐economic status. The purpose of this paper is to highlight sources of risk and resilience, as well as identify treatment and supports for mental health disorders (MHDs) among YKPs.DiscussionThis paper utilizes Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Systems Theory and the Social Stress Model to explore the risk and protective factors for MHDs across YKPs’ ecological systems, and identify current gaps in treatment and support for MHDs among these youth. We emphasize the fluidity and intersections across these categorizations which reinforce the vulnerability of these populations, the lack of concrete data to inform mental health interventions among YKPs, and the need to ground YKP interventions and programmes with human rights principles stipulated in the convention on the rights of a child.ConclusionsWe put forth recommendations for future research and strategies to address the mental wellbeing of YKPs, including the need for integrated interventions that address the multiplicity of risk factors inherent in the multiple group membership, rather than single‐focus interventions whilst addressing the unique needs or challenges of YKPs.