bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of early EocenePalaeosinopa(Mammalia, Pantolestidae) in the Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Dunn Rachel H. , Rose Kenneth D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSpecies-level diversity and evolution ofPalaeosinopafrom the Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin is reassessed based on substantial new material from the Bighorn, Powder River, and Wind River basins. We recognize three species ofPalaeosinopain the Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin:P. lutreola,P. incerta, andP. veterrima. The late Wasatchian speciesP. didelphoidesis not present in the Bighorn Basin. The Willwood species can be differentiated based only on size.P. veterrimais the most common and wide-ranging species and is the most variable in size and morphology: the stratigraphically lowest individuals are smaller, with narrower, more crestiform lower molars; whereas the highest are larger, with wider, more bunodont teeth. Although it could be argued that these represent distinct species, we demonstrate that this morphological evolution occurred as the gradual and mosaic accumulation of features, suggesting in situ anagenetic evolution. The two smaller species are present only low in the section (biochrons Wa0–Wa4) and show no discernable evolution in size or morphology. A new skeleton ofPalaeosinopa veterrimafrom the Willwood Formation is described, and other new postcrania are reported. The skeleton is the oldest associated skeleton ofPalaeosinopaknown, yet it is remarkably similar to those of younger, more derived pantolestids, the primary disparities being minor differences in proportions of the innominate, femur, and tibia, and co-ossification of the distal tibia and fibula. EitherP. incertaorP. lutreolawas likely the ancestral population that gave rise to the other WasatchianPalaeosinopa. Alternatively,P. veterrimamay have migrated into the Bighorn Basin from the Powder River Basin.
Introducing a New 3D Dynamical Model for Barred Galaxies
Authors: Jung Christof , Zotos Euaggelos E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe regular or chaotic dynamics of an analytical realistic three dimensional model composed of a spherically symmetric central nucleus, a bar and a flat disk is investigated. For describing the properties of the bar, we introduce a new simple dynamical model and we explore the influence on the character of orbits of all the involved parameters of it, such as the mass and the scale length of the bar, the major semi-axis and the angular velocity of the bar, as well as the energy. Regions of phase space with ordered and chaotic motion are identified in dependence on these parameters and for breaking the rotational symmetry. First, we study in detail the dynamics in the invariant planez = pz= 0 using the Poincaré map as a basic tool and then study the full three-dimensional case using the Smaller Alignment index method as principal tool for distinguishing between order and chaos. We also present strong evidence obtained through the numerical simulations that our new bar model can realistically describe the formation and the evolution of the observed twin spiral structure in barred galaxies.
Prevalence and characteristics of misreporting of energy intake in US children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Livingstone M. Barbara E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of under- and over-reporting of energy intake (EI) among 14 044 US children and adolescents aged 2–19 years. For the assessment of EI, two 24-h dietary recalls were conducted with the use of the US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Under-, plausible and over-reporters of EI were identified using two methods: based on the 95 % confidence limits (1) for agreement between the ratio of EI:BMR and a physical activity level for sedentary lifestyle (1·55) and (2) of the expected ratio of EI:estimated energy requirement (EER) of 1·0. BMR was calculated using Schofield’s equations. EER was calculated using equations from the US Dietary Reference Intakes, assuming ‘low active’ level of physical activity. The risk of being an under- or over-reporter compared with a plausible reporter was analysed using multiple logistic regression. Percentages of under-, plausible and over-reporters were 13·1, 81·5 and 5·4 %, respectively, based on EI:BMR and 18·8, 72·3 and 8·8 %, respectively, based on EI:EER. Under-reporting was associated with older age, non-Hispanic blacks (compared with non-Hispanic whites) and overweight and obesity (compared with normal weight). Over-reporting was associated with younger age, lower family poverty income ratio, normal weight and the first survey cycle. Similar findings were obtained when analysing only the first 24-h recall data from NHANES 1999–2012 (n 22 949). In conclusion, we found that EI misreporting remains prevalent and differential in US children and adolescents.
The humanities are scientific: a reply to the defenses of economic neo-institutionalism
Authors: McCLOSKEY DEIRDRE NANSEN 
Published: November 2015

AbstractI reply to amiable criticisms by Greif, Mokyr, Langlois, Lawson, and Tabellini of my own criticism of neo-institutionalism. They say that ‘culture’ is included in neo-institutionalism – which is mistaken on any serious definition of culture, such as those involving ethics, rhetoric, ideology, and ideas. They also say that neo-institutionalism has advanced beyond Max U and Samuelsonian economics. That's also mistaken. They do not attend to the humanities, which as ‘humanomics’ can indeed acknowledge ‘culture’ and non-Max U. Their particular historical examples show the opposite of what they think is shown. Ideas, rhetoric, ethics changed, and had to change, before institutions mattered.
Wie stark sind Führungskräfte psychisch gefährdet?
Authors: Zimber Andreas , Hentrich Stephan , Bockhoff Katharina , Wissing Carla , Petermann Franz 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. Der Forschungsstand zur psychischen Gesundheit der Führungskräfte wurde bisher nicht systematisch ausgewertet. Die folgende Literaturübersicht fasst Ergebnisse aus 34 klinisch-epidemiologischen sowie arbeitspsychologischen Studien qualitativ und quantitativ zusammen. Ausgewertet wurden Ergebnisse zur Verbreitung psychischer Beeinträchtigungen (Fragestellung 1) sowie zu arbeitsbezogenen Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren (Fragestellung 2). Es liegen Ergebnisse zu fünf unterschiedlichen Gesundheitsrisiken vor: psychische Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden, depressive und psychosomatische Symptome, Burnout, Irritation und psychischer Stress. Die bisherige Befundlage zu Fragestellung 1 ist zu heterogen, um hieraus Trends ableiten zu können. Eindeutiger zu interpretieren sind Ergebnisse zu den Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren: Die quantitative Arbeitsbelastung und Konflikte durch die Führungsrolle wiesen jeweils in mehreren Studien signifikante Zusammenhänge mit den psychischen Risiken auf. Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, soziale Unterstützung und Handlungsspielraum erwiesen sich als protektive Faktoren. Aus den Ergebnissen des Reviews werden der weitere Forschungsbedarf sowie spezifische Präventionsstrategien abgeleitet.
Dual-channel near-field control by polarizations using isotropic and inhomogeneous metasurface
Authors: Wan Xiang , Cai Ben Geng , Li Yun Bo , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe propose a method for dual-channel near-field manipulations by designing isotropic but inhomogeneous metasurfaces. As example, we present a dual-channel near-field focusing metasurface device. When the device is driven by surface waves from different channels on the metasurface, the near fields will be focused at the same spatial point with different polarizations. Conversely, if a linearly polarized source is radiated at the spatial focal point, different channels will be evoked on the metasurface controlled by polarization. We fabricated and measured the metasurface device in the microwave frequency. Well agreements between the simulation and measurement results are observed. The proposed method exhibits great flexibility in controlling the surface waves and spatial waves simultaneously. It is expected that the proposed method and dual-channel device will facilitate the manipulation of near electromagnetic or optical waves in different frequency regimes.
Annexin A2 binds to endosomes and negatively regulates TLR4-triggered inflammatory responses via the TRAM-TRIF pathway
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Yu Min , Guo Qiang , Li Rongpeng , Li Guobo , Tan Shirui , Li Xuefeng , Wei Yuquan , Wu Min 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Gram-negative bacteria activates plasma membrane signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on host cells and triggers innate inflammatory responses, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here we reveal a role for annexin A2 (AnxA2) in host defense against infection as anxa2−/− mice were highly susceptible to Gram-negative bacteria-induced sepsis with enhanced inflammatory responses. Computing analysis and biochemical experiments identified that constitutive AnxA2 expression facilitated TLR4 internalization and its subsequent translocation into early endosomal membranes. It activated the TRAM-dependent endosomal signaling, leading to the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, AnxA2 deficiency prolonged TLR4-mediated signaling from the plasma membrane, which was attributable to pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β). Thus, AnxA2 directly exerted negative regulation of inflammatory responses through TLR4-initiated TRAM-TRIF pathway occurring on endosomes. This study reveals AnxA2 as a critical regulator in infection-initiated inflammation, which protects the host from excessive inflammatory damage.
Genetic variants of SLC17A1 are associated with cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia in Japanese men
Authors: Koyama Teruhide , Matsui Daisuke , Kuriyama Nagato , Ozaki Etsuko , Tanaka Keitaro , Oze Isao , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Wakai Kenji , Okada Rieko , Arisawa Kokichi , Mikami Haruo , Shimatani Keiichi , Hirata Akie , Takashima Naoyuki , Suzuki Sadao , Nagata Chisato , Kubo Michiaki , Tanaka Hideo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHyperuricaemia is an undisputed and highly predictive biomarker for cardiovascular risk. SLC17A1, expressed in the liver and kidneys, harbours potent candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms that decrease uric acid levels. Therefore, we examined SLC17A1 polymorphisms (rs1165196, rs1179086 and rs3757131), which might suppress cardiovascular risk factors and that are involved in liver functioning, via a large-scale pooled analysis of the Japanese general population in a cross-sectional study. Using data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study, we identified 1842 participants of both sexes, 35–69-years-old, having the requisite data and analysed their SLC17A1 genotypes. In men, logistic regression analyses revealed that minor alleles in SLC17A1 polymorphisms (rs1165196 and rs3757131) were associated with a low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio >2.0 (rs1165196: odds ratio [OR], 0.703; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.536–0.922; rs3757131: OR, 0.658; 95% CI, 0.500–0.866) and with homocysteine levels of >10.0 nmol/mL (rs1165196: OR, 0.544; 95% CI, 0.374–0.792; rs3757131: OR, 0.509; 95% CI, 0.347–0.746). Therefore, these polymorphisms had dominant negative effects on cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia, in men, independent of alcohol consumption, physical activity, or daily energy and nutrition intake. Thus, genetic variants of SLC17A1 are potential biomarkers for altered cholesterol homeostasis and hyperhomocysteinaemia in Japanese men.
Effect of traditional Chinese exercise on the quality of life and depression for chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Wang Xueqiang , Pi Yanling , Chen Binglin , Chen Peijie , Liu Yu , Wang Ru , Li Xin , Zhu Yi , Yang Yujie , Niu Zhanbin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTraditional Chinese exercise (TCE) has many uses in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. However, there is no consensus regarding the benefit of TCE for chronic diseases. Our objective is to examine the effect of TCE on the quality of life and depression for chronic diseases by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We only cover published RCTs. The outcome measures included quality of life and depression. Sixty articles with a total of 4311 patients were included. The pooling revealed that TCE could improve the SF-36 physical function subscale in the short term [SMD (95% CI) = 0.35 (0.13, 0.56), P = 0.002] and mid-term [SMD (95% CI) = 0.49 (0.12, 0.85), P = 0.009], GHQ [SMD (95% CI) = −0.68 (−1.26, −0.09), P = 0.02], the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale in the short term [SMD (95% CI) = −0.86 (−1.42, −0.31), P = 0.002] and mid-term [SMD (95% CI) = −0.41 (−0.64, −0.18), P < 0.001]. The meta-analysis of RCT demonstrates that TCE can significantly improve the quality of life and depression of patients with chronic diseases. These findings provide useful information for patients with chronic diseases as well as for medical staff.
SIMcheck: a Toolbox for Successful Super-resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy
Authors: Ball Graeme , Demmerle Justin , Kaufmann Rainer , Davis Ilan , Dobbie Ian M. , Schermelleh Lothar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThree-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) is a versatile and accessible method for super-resolution fluorescence imaging, but generating high-quality data is challenging, particularly for non-specialist users. We present SIMcheck, a suite of ImageJ plugins enabling users to identify and avoid common problems with 3D-SIM data and assess resolution and data quality through objective control parameters. Additionally, SIMcheck provides advanced calibration tools and utilities for common image processing tasks. This open-source software is applicable to all commercial and custom platforms and will promote routine application of super-resolution SIM imaging in cell biology.
Epithelial cell-derived micro RNA-146a generates interleukin-10-producing monocytes to inhibit nasal allergy
Authors: Luo Xi , Han Miaomiao , Liu Jianqi , Wang Yu , Luo Xiangqian , Zheng Jing , Wang Shuai , Liu Zhigang , Liu Dabo , Yang Ping-Chang , Li Huabin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aberrant immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Micro RNAs (miR) are involved in regulating the immunity in the body. This study aims to test a hypothesis that miR-146a induces the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in monocytes (Mos). In this study, the levels of miR-146a were determined by real time RT-PCR. The IL-10+ Mos were evaluated by flow cytometry. The miR-146a-laden exosomes were generated with RPMI2650 cells (an airway epithelial cell line). An allergic rhinitis mouse model was developed. The results showed that nasal epithelial cells expressed miR-146a, which was markedly lower in the nasal epithelial cells of patients with nasal allergy than that in healthy controls. Exposure to T helper (Th)2 cytokines suppressed the levels of miR-146a in the nasal epithelial cells. The nasal epithelial cell-derived miR-146a up regulated the expression of IL-10 in Mos. The inducible IL-10+ Mos showed an immune suppressor effect on the activities of CD4+ effector T cells and the Th2 polarization in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. In summary, nasal epithelial cells express miR-146a, the latter is capable of inducing IL-10 expression in Mos, which suppress allergic reactions in the mouse nasal mucosa.
Mouse adaptation of influenza B virus increases replication in the upper respiratory tract and results in droplet transmissibility in ferrets
Authors: Kim Eun-Ha , Park Su-Jin , Kwon Hyeok-Il , Kim Se Mi , Kim Young-il , Song Min-Suk , Choi Eun-Ji , Pascua Philippe Noriel Q. , Choi Young-Ki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo investigate the molecular changes that allow influenza B viruses to adapt to new mammalian hosts, influenza B/Florida/04/2006 was serially passaged in BALB/c mice until highly virulent. The viral factors underlying this transition were then investigated in mice and ferrets. Five viruses, including the wild-type virus (P0), three intermediate viruses (P5, P9 and P12) and a lethal mouse-adapted virus (P17 (MA)), harbored one to five amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin, M, NP and PA segments suggesting that these mutations enhance virulence. The P17 (MA) virus replicated significantly more efficiently than the P0 virus both in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.0001) and was highly virulent (MLD50: 105.25TCID50) while the P0, P5 and P9 viruses did not kill any infected mice (MLD50 > 106.0TCID50). Furthermore, the P17 (MA) virus grew to greater titers in the ferret upper respiratory tract compared with the P0 and intermediate viruses and only the P17 (MA) virus was transmissible between ferrets via both direct and aerosol contact. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate ferret-to-ferret transmission of influenza B virus and to delineate factors that may affect its transmission.
Micro-structural Change During Nucleation: From Nucleus To Bicontinuous Morphology
Authors: Jeong Seongmin , Jho Yongseok , Zhou Xin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough the microstructure of coexistence phase provides direct insights of the nucleation mechanism and their change is substantial in the phase transition, their study is limited due to the lack of suitable tools capturing the thermodynamically unstable transient states. We resolve this problem in computational study by introducing a generalized canonical ensemble simulation and investigate the morphological change of the nucleus during the water evaporation and condensation. We find that at very low pressure, where the transition is first order, classical nucleation theory holds approximately. A main nucleus is formed in the supersaturation near spinodal and the overall shape of the nucleus is finite and compact. On increasing the pressure of the system, more nuclei are formed even before spinodal. They merge into a larger nuclei with a smaller free energy penalty to form ramified shapes. We suggest order parameters to describe the extent of fluctuation and their relation to the free energy profile.
Fast-Response Calmodulin-Based Fluorescent Indicators Reveal Rapid Intracellular Calcium Dynamics
Authors: Helassa Nordine , Zhang Xiao-hua , Conte Ianina , Scaringi John , Esposito Elric , Bradley Jonathan , Carter Thomas , Ogden David , Morad Martin , Török Katalin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFaithful reporting of temporal patterns of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics requires the working range of indicators to match the signals. Current genetically encoded calmodulin-based fluorescent indicators are likely to distort fast Ca2+ signals by apparent saturation and integration due to their limiting fluorescence rise and decay kinetics. A series of probes was engineered with a range of Ca2+ affinities and accelerated kinetics by weakening the Ca2+-calmodulin-peptide interactions. At 37 °C, the GCaMP3-derived probe termed GCaMP3fast is 40-fold faster than GCaMP3 with Ca2+ decay and rise times, t1/2, of 3.3 ms and 0.9 ms, respectively, making it the fastest to-date. GCaMP3fast revealed discreet transients with significantly faster Ca2+ dynamics in neonatal cardiac myocytes than GCaMP6f. With 5-fold increased two-photon fluorescence cross-section for Ca2+ at 940 nm, GCaMP3fast is suitable for deep tissue studies. The green fluorescent protein serves as a reporter providing important novel insights into the kinetic mechanism of target recognition by calmodulin. Our strategy to match the probe to the signal by tuning the affinity and hence the Ca2+ kinetics of the indicator is applicable to the emerging new generations of calmodulin-based probes.
Multi-Omic Dynamics Associate Oxygenic Photosynthesis with Nitrogenase-Mediated H2 Production in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142
Authors: Bernstein Hans C. , Charania Moiz A. , McClure Ryan S. , Sadler Natalie C. , Melnicki Matthew R. , Hill Eric A. , Markillie Lye Meng , Nicora Carrie D. , Wright Aaron T. , Romine Margaret F. , Beliaev Alexander S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo date, the proposed mechanisms of nitrogenase-driven photosynthetic H2 production by the diazotrophic unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 have assumed that reductant and ATP requirements are derived solely from glycogen oxidation and cyclic-electron flow around photosystem I. Through genome-scale transcript and protein profiling, this study presents and tests a new hypothesis on the metabolic relationship between oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogenase-mediated H2 production in Cyanothece 51142. Our results show that net-positive rates of oxygenic photosynthesis and increased expression of photosystem II reaction centers correspond and are synchronized with nitrogenase expression and H2 production. These findings provide a new and more complete view on the metabolic processes contributing to the energy budget of photosynthetic H2 production and highlight the role of concurrent photocatalytic H2O oxidation as a participating process.
Mosaic patterns of diversification dynamics following the colonization of Melanesian islands
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuel F. A. , Hendrich Lars , Shaverdo Helena , Balke Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe fate of newly settled dispersers on freshly colonized oceanic islands is a central theme of island biogeography. The emergence of increasingly sophisticated methods of macroevolutionary pattern inference paves the way for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing these diversification patterns on lineages following their colonization of oceanic islands. Here we infer a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for Melanesian Exocelina diving beetles. Recent methods in historical biogeography and diversification rate inference were then used to investigate the evolution of these insects in space and time. An Australian origin in the mid-Miocene was followed by independent colonization events towards New Guinea and New Caledonia in the late Miocene. One colonization of New Guinea led to a large radiation of >150 species and 3 independent colonizations of New Caledonia gave rise to about 40 species. The comparably late colonizations of Vanuatu, Hawaii and China left only one or two species in each region. The contrasting diversification trajectories of these insects on Melanesian islands are likely accounted for by island size, age and availability of ecological opportunities during the colonization stage.