bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Tapering Strategy to Standard Dosing Regimen of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Patients with Spondyloarthritis in Low Disease Activity
Authors: Plasencia Chamaida , Kneepkens Eva L. , Wolbink Gertjan , Krieckaert Charlotte L.M. , Turk Samina , Navarro-Compán Victoria , L’Ami Merel , Nurmohamed Mike T. , van der Horst-Bruinsma Irene , Jurado Teresa , Diego Cristina , Bonilla Gema , Villalba Alejandro , Peiteado Diana , Nuño Laura , van der Kleij Desiree , Rispens Theo , Martín-Mola Emilio , Balsa Alejandro , Pascual-Salcedo Dora 
Published: July 2015

Objective.To compare clinical outcomes, incidence of flares, and administered drug reduction between patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) under TNF inhibitor (TNFi) tapering strategy with patients receiving a standard regimen.Methods.In this retrospective study, 74 patients with SpA from Spain on tapering strategy (tapering group; TG) were compared with 43 patients from the Netherlands receiving a standard regimen (control group; CG). The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was measured at visit 0 (prior to starting the TNFi), visit 1 (prior to starting tapering strategy in TG and at least 6 months with BASDAI < 4 after starting the TNFi in the TG and CG), visit 2 (6 mos after visit 1), visit 3 (1 year after visit 1), and visit 4 (the last visit available after visit 1).Results.An overall reduction of the administered drug was seen at visit 4 in the TG [dose reduction of 22% for infliximab (IFX) and an interval elongation of 28.7% for IFX, 45.2% for adalimumab, and 51.5% for etanercept] without significant differences in the BASDAI between the groups at visit 4 (2.15 ± 1.55 in TG vs 2.11 ± 1.31 in CG, p = 0.883). The number of patients with flares was similar in both groups [22/74 (30%) in the TG vs 8/43 (19%) in the CG, p = 0.184].Conclusion.The tapering strategy in SpA results in an important reduction of the drug administered, and the disease control remains similar to that of the patients with SpA receiving the standard regimen.
Equivariant Map Queer Lie Superalgebras
Authors: Calixto Lucas , Moura Adriano , Savage Alistair 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn equivariant map queer Lie superalgebra is the Lie superalgebra of regular maps from an algebraic variety (or scheme) X to a queer Lie superalgebra q that are equivariant with respect to the action of a finite group Γ acting on X and q. In this paper, we classify all irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the equivariant map queer Lie superalgebras under the assumption that Γ is abelian and acts freely on X. We show that such representations are parameterized by a certain set of Γ-equivariant finitely supported maps from X to the set of isomorphism classes of irreducible finite-dimensional representations of q. In the special case where X is the torus, we obtain a classification of the irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the twisted loop queer superalgebra.
The Extent to which Jordan Opportunities 3 Meets the General Guidelines for English Language Teaching in Jordan
Authors: AL-Jarrah Jarrah Mohammad , AL-Jarrah Tamer Mohammad , Talafhah Rania Hassan 
Published: July 2015

English has become the dominant foreign language in the non-English speaking world. Jordanian students learn English as a foreign language starting in the first grade and continue to do so until the twelfth grade. Agrawal (2004) stated that evaluation plays a pivotal role in deciding what the learners learn and what the teachers teach in schools. The final objective of this evaluation is to detect the strengths and weaknesses of the textbooks with the purpose of improving them and to develop and improve the quality of the educational programs.
Non‐coplanar CBCT image reconstruction using a generative adversarial network for non‐coplanar radiotherapy
Authors: Wei Ran , Song Zhiyue , Pan Ziqi , Cao Ying , Song Yongli , Dai Jianrong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a non‐coplanar cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image reconstruction method using projections within a limited angle range for non‐coplanar radiotherapy.MethodsA generative adversarial network (GAN) was utilized to reconstruct non‐coplanar CBCT images. Data from 40 patients with brain tumors and two head phantoms were used in this study. In the training stage, the generator of the GAN used coplanar CBCT and non‐coplanar projections as the input, and an encoder with a dual‐branch structure was utilized to extract features from the coplanar CBCT and non‐coplanar projections separately. Non‐coplanar CBCT images were then reconstructed using a decoder by combining the extracted features. To improve the reconstruction accuracy of the image details, the generator was adversarially trained using a patch‐based convolutional neural network as the discriminator. A newly designed joint loss was used to improve the global structure consistency rather than the conventional GAN loss. The proposed model was evaluated using data from eight patients and two phantoms at four couch angles (±45°, ±90°) that are most commonly used for brain non‐coplanar radiotherapy in our department. The reconstructed accuracy was evaluated by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) and an overall registration error ε, computed by integrating the rigid transformation parameters.ResultsIn both patient data and phantom data studies, the qualitative and quantitative metrics results indicated that ± 45° couch angle models performed better than ±90° couch angle models and had statistical differences. In the patient data study, the mean RMSE and ε values of couch angle at 45°, −45°, 90°, and −90° were 58.5 HU and 0.42 mm, 56.8 HU and 0.41 mm, 73.6 HU and 0.48 mm, and 65.3 HU and 0.46 mm, respectively. In the phantom data study, the mean RMSE and ε values of couch angle at 45°, −45°, 90°, and −90° were 91.2 HU and 0.46 mm, 95.0 HU and 0.45 mm, 114.6 HU and 0.58 mm, and 102.9 HU and 0.52 mm, respectively.ConclusionsThe results show that the reconstructed non‐coplanar CBCT images can potentially enable intra‐treatment three‐dimensional position verification for non‐coplanar radiotherapy.
Semi‐automated vertex placement for lattice radiotherapy and dosimetric verification using 3D polymer gel dosimetry
Authors: Kunkyab Tenzin , Magliari Anthony , Jirasek Andrew , Mou Benjamin , Hyde Derek 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of an open‐source, semi‐automated, and reproducible vertex placement tool to improve the efficiency of lattice radiotherapy (LRT) planning. We used polymer gel dosimetry with a Cone Beam CT (CBCT) readout to commission this LRT technique.Material and methodsWe generated a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)‐based LRT plan on a 2 L NIPAM polymer gel dosimeter using our Eclipse Acuros version 15.6 AcurosXB beam model, and also recalculated the plan with a pre‐clinical Acuros v18.0 dose calculation algorithm with the enhanced leaf modelling (ELM). With the assistance of the MAAS‐SFRThelper software, a lattice vertex diameter of 1.5 cm and center‐to‐center spacing of 3 cm were used to place the spheres in a hexagonal, closed packed structure. The verification plan included four gantry arcs with 15°, 345°, 75°, 105° collimator angles. The spheres were prescribed 20 Gy to 50% of their combined volume. The 6 MV Flattening Filter Free beam energy was used to deliver the verification plan. The dosimetric accuracy of the LRT delivery was evaluated with 1D dose profiles, 2D isodose maps, and a 3D global gamma analysis.ResultsQualitative comparisons between the 1D dose profiles of the Eclipse plan and measured gel showed good consistency at the prescription dose mark. The average diameter measured 13.3 ± 0.2 mm (gel for v15.6), 12.6 mm (v15.6 plan), 13.1 ± 0.2 mm (gel for v18.0), and 12.3 mm (v18.0 plan). 3D gamma analysis showed that all gamma pass percent were > 95% except at 1% and 2% at the 1 mm distance to agreement criteria.ConclusionThis study presents a novel application of gel dosimetry in verifying the dosimetric accuracy of LRT, achieving excellent 3D gamma results. The treatment planning was facilitated by publicly available software that automatically placed the vertices for consistency and efficiency.
Ocrelizumab alters the circulating metabolome in people with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Siavoshi Fatemeh , Ladakis Dimitrios C. , Muller Ashley , Nourbakhsh Bardia , Bhargava Pavan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCirculating metabolite levels are altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with MS severity. However, how metabolic profiles shift following highly efficacious therapies, like ocrelizumab remains unclear.ObjectiveCirculating metabolite levels are altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with MS severity. However, how metabolic profiles shift following highly efficacious therapies, like ocrelizumab remains unclear. To assess changes in the circulating metabolome produced by ocrelizumab treatment in people with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS).MethodsThirty‐one individuals with RRMS eligible for beginning treatment with ocrelizumab were recruited and followed with demographic, clinical, quality‐of‐life, and global metabolomics data collected at each visit. Modules of highly correlated metabolites were identified using the weighted correlation network analysis approach. Changes in each module's eigenmetabolite values and individual metabolites during the study were evaluated using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsPatients with a mean age of 40.8 (SD = 10.30) years, and median disease duration of 4.0 (IQR = 8.5) years, were monitored for a median of 3.36 (IQR = 1.43) years. Two out of twelve identified sets of metabolites were altered significantly. The first module mainly contained androgenic and pregnenolone steroids (p‐value <0.001, coefficient: −0.10). The second module primarily consisted of several lysophospholipids, arachidonic acid, some endocannabinoids, and monohydroxy fatty acid metabolites (p‐value = 0.016, coefficient: −0.12), which its reduction was significantly associated with improvement based on overall disability response score (OR 3.09e‐01, 95% CI: 6.83e‐02, 9.09e‐01, p‐value = 3.15E‐02).InterpretationIn this longitudinal observational study, using a global untargeted metabolomics approach, we showed significant alteration in circulating metabolome in RRMS patients undergoing ocrelizumab treatment. In particular, we observed a significant reduction in metabolites involved in the lysophospholipid pathway, which was associated with patients' improvement.
Rituximab in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Intarakhao Pasin , Laipasu Taksaporn , Jitprapaikulsan Jiraporn , Apiraksattayakul Natnasak , Kosiyakul Punchika , Siritho Sasitorn , Prayoonwiwat Naraporn , Ongphichetmetha Tatchaporn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in stabilizing disability progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).MethodsA systematic review was conducted, encompassing studies from inception to April 2023, utilizing the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria comprised studies with a minimum of 3 SPMS patients receiving intravenous RTX in at least one infusion, with a follow‐up duration of at least 6 months. Primary outcome measures included changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Mean differences in pre‐ and post‐RTX EDSS scores were analyzed using a random‐effects model. Meta‐regression examined age at RTX initiation, pre‐RTX EDSS scores, disease duration, and outcome reported time as variables. Secondary outcomes assessed changes in the annualized relapse rate (ARR).ResultsThirteen studies, involving 604 SPMS patients, met the inclusion criteria. Following a mean follow‐up of 2 years, the mean difference in EDSS scores (ΔEDSS = EDSSpre‐RTX − EDSSpost‐RTX) was −0.21 (95% CI −0.51 to 0.08, p = 0.16), indicating no significant variation. Multivariable meta‐regression identified significant associations between EDSS score mean difference and pre‐RTX EDSS scores, disease duration at RTX initiation, and outcome reported time. However, age at RTX initiation showed no significant association. Pre‐ and post‐RTX ARR data were available for 245 out of 604 SPMS patients across seven studies, revealing a mean difference in ARR (ΔARR = ARRpre‐RTX − ARRpost‐RTX) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.19–1.29, p = 0.008).InterpretationRTX demonstrates efficacy in reducing relapse frequency and exhibits potential in stabilizing disability progression over a 2‐year follow‐up, particularly among individuals with shorter disease duration.
High‐Lying Triplet Excitons Utilization of Silole Derivatives Enables their Efficiency Breakthrough in OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Linzhong , Samedov Kerim , Chen Mingxing , Chen Dongcheng , Cai Yuanjing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSiloles are routinely studied in the application of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high performances of solid‐state fluorescence property and carrier mobility. The structures of siloles used in electroluminescence device reported so far can only utilize singlet excitons, limiting the device efficiency and commercialization. Seeking to build appliable molecular structures to achieve triplet excitons utilization in silole‐core emitters, two derivatives are designed, Silole‐1DPA‐TRZ and Silole‐1Cz‐TRZ, in which electron acceptor of triazine (TRZ) together with electron donors of diphenylamine (DPA) and carbazole (Cz) modified at 1‐position of silole unit form silole‐D‐A structures. This special molecular design, for the first time, enables triplet excitons harvest via high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process in silole derivatives with hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) characteristics. Experimental and theoretical studies show that relative to a stronger charge transfer state of Silole‐1Cz‐TRZ, a more equal local excitation/charge transfer distribution in the HLCT state of Silole‐1DPA‐TRZ is realized, making its application in silole‐based OLED with an efficiency breakthrough of ≈9.1% maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax).
Cradle‐to‐Gate Environmental Impact Assessment of Commercially Available Metal‐Organic Frameworks Manufacturing
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Walden Madeline , Sinelshchikova Anna , Ettlinger Romy , Lizundia Erlantz , Wuttke Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising next‐generation crystalline porous materials with exceptional structural, chemical, and application diversity. Since their discovery, the reticular tunability and physiochemical properties of MOFs have been studied and carefully manipulated to make them suitable for a wide variety of applications. After decades of research, these materials are moving from the benchtop to commercial, industrial‐scale production. Although MOFs are now widely explored, the overall environmental impacts of these emerging materials are still underexplored. In this work, the first example of overall assessment of ten industrially produced and widely explored MOFs considering 18 diverse environmental impact categories such as global warming potential, fossil resource scarcity, water consumption, ecotoxicity, etc. via cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment is presented. Importantly, this study presents a comprehensive comparison between different synthetic methods of each MOF and compiles the environmental impacts associated only with the individual “synthesis” or “washing” steps. This study highlights the critical importance of using of green solvents over organic to reduce the overall environmental footprint. By identifying the synthetic drawbacks associated with different methods, this work provides a blueprint for the sustainable design and required future development of MOF synthesis.
A Gradient Nitrogen Doping Along Radial Direction of Carbon Nanotubes to Promote CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Cui Song , Yu Chang , Song Xuedan , Li Wenbin , Tan Xinyi , Yang Wenxin , Liu Shuo , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeveloping metal‐free carbon catalysts with designable high nitrogen (N) content yet well‐organized N distribution within carbon at nanoscale is still one of the paramount challenges for electrochemical CO2 conversion. Herein, a gradient N doping enabled by the energetic microwave irradiation is realized along the radial direction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with an ultrahigh surface N content of 30.5 at%, beyond the upper limit of the tradition pyrolysis method. The unique time‐domain features of microwave heating presented as the sub‐minute residence time for precursors and relatively mild surface temperature on CNTs, contributing to the maximum reservation of the surface N species. The catalyst exhibits a prominent performance with great activity and selectivity for electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Theoretical calculation confirmed the catalyst with high N‐doping level can promote the adsorption of CO2 molecule, with a low adsorption energy of −3.35 eV. This work provides a novel prototype to construct the distribution‐controlled and space‐intensive active sites over functional gradient metal‐free carbon materials.
Regulating Preferred Crystal Plane with Modification of Exposed Grain Boundary Toward Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Zhou Miao , Tong Zhuang , Li Hang , Zhou Xiaotao , Li Xu , Hou Zhaohui , Liang Shuquan , Fang Guozhao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs) are largely hampered by the poor stability of zinc (Zn) anode in aqueous electrolyte due to uncontrollable deposition behavior and parasitic reactions. Hence, a stable Glu@Zn anode via acid etching is developed that simultaneously exposes (002) plane and modifies exposed grain boundaries. The surface‐preferred (002) plane is achieved by minimizing its surface energy. And the exposed grain boundaries are also modified by decomposition products of acid etching, which can greatly reduce the adverse effects caused by highly active grain boundaries. These features favor Glu@Zn anode by accrediting a long‐term cycle lifespan exceeding 4400 h with a high average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.9%. Surprisingly, Glu@Zn anode can run for more than 250 h with 50% Zn utilization. The assembled Glu@Zn//NH4V4O10 full batteries deliver a specific capacity of 291.6 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles even at a low current density of 0.5 A g−1. It can also obtain a stable cycling performance up to 2000 cycles. To further verify its stability, a pouch cell is constructed that can preserve stable 400 cycles with 5 mAh. This study sheds light on surface energy regulation exposing preferred crystal plane to develop highly stable and reversible cycling aqueous ZMBs.
In Situ Synthesis of Br‐Rich CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets: Enhanced Stability and High PLQY for Wide Color Gamut Displays
Authors: Varnakavi Naresh , Velpugonda John Leo , Lee Nohyun , Nah Sanghee , Lin Lih Y 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents the Br‐rich in situ synthesis of blue‐emitting 2D CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with various Br/Pb ratios using ZnBr2 as a Br precursor to enhance Br ion adsorption significantly. This leads to effective passivation of surface defects, particularly Pb−Br bonds, by increasing the positive charge density around Pb atoms, thus creating a stable bonding environment and reducing defect formation. Consequently, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) improves from 31.15% for a Br/Pb ratio of 2 to 87.2% for a ratio of 6. NPLs with a Br/Pb ratio of 6 also exhibit longer lifetimes (16.69 ns) and slower bleach recovery dynamics, indicating fewer non‐radiative recombination pathways and effective exciton dynamics. Additionally, NPLs with the Br/Pb ratio of 6 demonstrated better thermal stability, with an activation energy of 124.3 meV, indicating stronger exciton binding. These NPLs also exhibited enhanced stability, with UV tolerance at 43.9% and water resistance at 23.8%, making them suitable for displays and lighting. Furthermore, Br‐passivated CsPbBr3 NPLs are used as blue emitters in prototype white LEDs, achieving a wide color gamut, 126.6% of the National Television Standards Committee and 94.5% of Rec. 2020, demonstrating their potential for high‐quality lighting and advanced display technologies.
Operando Insights on the Degradation Mechanisms of Rhenium‐Doped and Undoped Molybdenum Disulfide Nanocatalysts During Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Open‐Circuit Conditions
Authors: Aymerich‐Armengol Raquel , Vega‐Paredes Miquel , Wang Zhenbin , Mingers Andrea M. , Camuti Luca , Kim Jeeung , Bae Jeongwook , Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Sahu Rajib , Podjaski Filip , Rabe Martin , Scheu Christina , Lim Joohyun , Zhang Siyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanostructures are promising catalysts for proton‐exchange‐membrane (PEM) electrolyzers to replace expensive noble metals. Their large‐scale application demands high activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as well as robust durability. Doping is commonly applied to enhance the HER activity of MoS2‐based nanocatalysts, but the effect of dopants on the electrochemical and structural stability is yet to be discussed. Herein, operando electrochemical measurements to the structural evolution of the materials down to the nanometric scale are correlated by identical location electron microscopy and spectroscopy. The range of stable operation for MoS2 nanocatalysts with and without rhenium doping is experimentally defined. The responsible degradation mechanisms at first electrolyte contact, open circuit stabilization, and HER conditions are experimentally identified and confirmed with the calculated Pourbaix diagram of Re‐doped MoS2. Doping MoS2‐based nanocatalysts is validated as a promising strategy for continuing the improvement of high‐performance and durable PEM electrolyzers.
Critical‐Layered MoS2 for the Enhancement of Supercontinuum Generation in Photonic Crystal Fibre
Authors: Xie Jin , Cheng Xu , Xue Guodong , Li Xiao , Zhong Ding , Yu Wentao , Zuo Yonggang , Liu Chang , Lin Kaifeng , Liu Can , Pang Meng , Jiang Xin , Sun Zhipei , Kang Zhe , Hong Hao , Liu Kaihui , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSupercontinuum generation (SCG) from silica‐based photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is of highly technological significance from microscopy to metrology, but has been hindered by silica's relatively low intrinsic optical nonlinearity. The prevailing approaches of filling PCF with nonlinear gases or liquids can endow fibre with enhanced optical nonlinearity and boosted SCG efficiency, yet these hybrids are easily plagued by fusion complexity, environmental incompatibility or transmission mode instability. Here this work presents a strategy of embedding solid‐state 2D MoS2 atomic layers into the air‐holes of PCF to efficiently enhance SCG. This work demonstrates a 4.8 times enhancement of the nonlinear coefficient and a 70% reduction of the threshold power for SCG with one octave spanning in the MoS2‐PCF hybrid. Furthermore, this work finds that the SCG enhancement is highly layer‐dependent, which only manifests for a real 2D regime within the thickness of five atomic layers. Theoretical calculations reveal that the critical thickness arises from the trade‐off among the layer‐dependent enhancement of the nonlinear coefficient, leakage of fundamental mode and redshift of zero‐dispersion wavelength. This work provides significant advances toward efficient SCG, and highlights the importance of matching an appropriate atomic layer number in the design of functional 2D material optical fibers.