bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) versus dead-soft coaxial bonded retainers: a randomized clinical trial. Part 1. Stability, retainer failure, and participant satisfaction
Authors: Jasim Esraa Salman , Kadhum Ammar Salim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) was introduced in dentistry as an alternative to metal alloys.

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of PEEK-fixed retainers in preserving the stability of mandibular anterior and participant satisfaction as compared to the Dead-soft coaxial fixed retainer (DSC).

Trial design
A single-centre, two-arm parallel groups randomized clinical trial.

Methods
The patients treated with pre-adjusted orthodontic appliances who have a Little’s Irregularity Index (LII) ≤ 0.5 mm have been enrolled in the trial. PEEK retainers were prepared to round 0.8 mm wire by computer-aided design and manufacturing, and the DSC wire was carefully adapted to the lingual surface of the lower anterior teeth. The primary outcome was the stability of lower anterior teeth as assessed by LII, while the secondary outcomes were changes in occlusal parameters, retainer failure, and patient satisfaction. The data were collected at the debonding stage (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) after starting the trial, except for patient’s satisfaction, which was recorded using an electronic form at T1 and T6.

Blinding
Single blinding of participants.

Results
A total of 46 participants with an age range of 12–28 years old were randomly allocated to the two groups (n = 23 in each). Only one participant dropped out; therefore, 45 participants were analysed. The DSC group showed a significant increase in LII at T3. Both retainer groups had comparable occlusal measurements, failure frequency, and survival time, with no significant difference. The patients in the DSC group reported a statistically significant perception of change in the position of their teeth compared to those in the PEEK group.

Harms
No harmful effects have been reported.

Limitations
Limited follow-up duration and the inability to blind the operator due to the nature of the intervention.

Conclusions
After 6-month retention, the PEEK retainer was equally effective to DSC retainers in maintaining the teeth alignment, with no significant differences regarding the failure frequency, survival rate, and general patient satisfaction.

Trial registration
https://register.clinicaltrials.gov. (NCT05557136).
Association between planetary health diet and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Ortolá Rosario , Maroto-Rodriguez Javier , Carballo-Casla Adrián , Kales Stefanos N , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) prioritizes the well-being of both individuals and the planet but has yielded mixed results on cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to assess the association between the PHDI and risk of CVD.

Methods and results
A cohort of 118 469 individuals aged 40–69 years from the UK Biobank, who were free of CVD at 2009–12 and followed up to 2021. The PHDI was calculated using at least two 24-h dietary assessments and included 14 food groups, with a possible range from 0 to 130 points. Cardiovascular disease incidence was defined as primary myocardial infarction or stroke and obtained from clinical records and death registries. During a 9.4-year follow-up, 5257 incident cases of CVD were ascertained. When comparing the highest (89.9–128.5 points) vs. the lowest (21.1–71.1 points) quartile of PHDI adherence, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 0.86 (0.79, 0.94) for CVD, 0.88 (0.80, 0.97) for myocardial infarction, and 0.82 (0.70, 0.97) for stroke. The association was linear until a plateau effect was reached at 80 points of adherence to PHDI. Results remained robust when excluding participants with type 2 diabetes, including only those with three or more diet assessments, or excluding CVD cases in the first 3 years of follow-up. The food group components of the PHDI more strongly associated with a reduced CVD risk were higher consumption of whole grains, whole fruits, and fish and lower consumption of added sugars and fruit juices.

Conclusion
In this large cohort of middle-aged and older British adults, adherence to the PHDI was associated with a lower risk of CVD. These results provide empirical evidence that this dietary pattern, thought to be environmentally sustainable, benefits cardiovascular health.
Digest: Large-effect loci involved in maturation timing affect the early survival of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Auclert Lisa Zoé , Pierro Daniela , Cerpa Águila Felipe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
How might variations in genomic regions that impact many traits modulate fitness across different life stages? Aykanat et al. (2024) show that two large-effect loci associated with age at maturity, six6 and vgll3, impact the survival of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) through nutrient-dependent, indirect genetic effects. Specifically, the late maturation allele in parental vgll3, and the early maturation allele in maternal six6, increase survival in early life under high nutrient conditions.
Mitochondrial DNA of the Demosponge Acanthella acuta: Linear Architecture and Other Unique Features
Authors: Ahmed Momin , Kayal Ehsan , Lavrov Dennis V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While Acanthella acuta Schmidt 1862, a common demosponge found in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, is morphologically similar to other sponges, its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is unique within the class. In contrast to all other studied demosponges, the mtDNA of A. acuta is inferred to be linear and displays several unusual features such as inverted terminal repeats, group II introns in three mitochondrial genes, and two unique open reading frames (ORFs): one of which (ORF1535) combines a DNA polymerase domain with a DNA-directed RNA polymerase domain, while the second bears no discernible similarity to any reported sequences. The group II intron within the cox2 gene is the first such intron reported in an animal. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that the cox1 intron is related to similar introns found in other demosponges, while the cox2 intron is likely not of animal origin. The two domains found within ORF1535 do not share a common origin and, along with the cox2 intron, were likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer. The findings of this paper open new avenues of exploration in the understanding of mtDNA linearization within Metazoa.
Measuring Cognitive Function In-Person and Remotely in Round 4 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Authors: Pudelek Kelly , Schumm L Philip , Hanis-Martin Jennifer , Howe Melissa J K , Schwartzman Terese 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This paper describes the changes made to the collection of cognitive measures when the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) introduced remote modes of data collection.

Methods
In Round 4 (2021–2023), the longitudinal study transitioned from being conducted in-person to collecting data via multiple modes including in-person and remote modes: web, phone, and paper-and-pencil. The team began with the measures used in Rounds 2 and 3 of NSHAP—the survey-adapted Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA)—and evaluated which measures could be administered remotely, introducing new measures for each cognitive subdomain, as needed, to compensate for items that could not be administered remotely.

Results
Cognitive items used in Rounds 2 and 3 that could not be administered remotely were dropped from the respective modes, and items selected from the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center’s (RADC) global cognition battery were added as substitutes. For comparison, the RADC substitute items were added to the in-person mode making it longer in Round 4.

Discussion
The changes in cognitive measures resulted in different numbers of cognitive items across the 4 modes of survey administration in Round 4. Analysts should be aware of these changes when creating a single global cognition score for the entire NSHAP sample in Round 4, and aware that there may be mode effects that could affect cognition scores.
Power grid project cost prediction based on improved CNN under low carbon background
Authors: Zhuang Shaojing , Chen Weiting , Zhou Xinyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the restriction of traditional energy, green energy has become the main trend in the development of power engineering. To solve the problems of the traditional power engineering cost prediction model, such as complexity, imprecision, and dependence on manual experience, this paper proposes an improved convolutional neural network (CNN)-based power transmission and transformation project cost prediction model. Firstly, the cost prediction model of power transmission and transformation project based on CNN is constructed. Then, the historical data is entered into the network model to extract data features. Finally, in order to solve the inconsistency between the expected output and the actual output, the stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) optimizer is used to optimize the weight parameters of CNN and complete the model training. This model combines the advantages of the SGDM optimizer and CNN, and it has higher prediction accuracy and stability than Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)-CNN and gradient descent (GD)-CNN models. The experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to the traditional methods in terms of prediction accuracy and efficiency, and it provides an effective reference for the reasonable budget and resource allocation of power engineering.
Sex Workers and the Mpox Response in Africa
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Ezema Somtochukwu Marycynthia , Bolarinwa Obasanjo , Bassey Archibong Edem , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The ongoing mpox outbreak in Africa, now classified as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization, presents a severe challenge, particularly for vulnerable populations like sex workers. Despite the endemic presence of mpox in Africa since the 1970s, recent developments, including the emergence of a new clade Ib strain with increased transmissibility, have exacerbated the situation. Sex workers are at heightened risk due to their occupational exposure, compounded by stigma, criminalization, and limited access to healthcare. These factors significantly impede efforts to control the spread of the virus, leading to underreporting and inadequate intervention. This article highlights the urgent need for an inclusive public health response that prioritizes the health and safety of sex workers. Such a response should involve tailored health services, legal protections, and community engagement to ensure that this marginalized group is not overlooked. The decriminalization of sex work is also proposed as a critical public health measure to improve access to care and reduce stigma, ultimately curbing the spread of mpox in Africa.
Morphometric relationships and reproductive traits of the deep-sea armored shrimp Glyphocrangon spinicauda A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Decapoda: Caridea: Glyphocrangonidae) from the southeastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Menéndez Alan J , Barradas-Ortiz Cecilia , Negrete-Soto Fernando , Lozano-Álvarez Enrique , Briones-Fourzán Patricia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Biological information on Glyphocrangon spinicauda A. Milne-Edwards, 1881, a western Atlantic deep-sea armored shrimp, is scant. This species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico, but at low abundance, in the southern (Mexican) part. We obtained a sample of 203 G. spinicauda at depths of 244–455 m during a research cruise exploring the biota of the upper continental slope of the southeastern Gulf of Mexico, off the Yucatán Peninsula. We examined morphometric and allometric relationships of the shrimp as well as some reproductive traits based on the number and size of embryos. Sex ratio (1.4 females:1 male) differed significantly from unity. Females had significantly larger total length (TL) and total weight, but not carapace length (CL), than males, suggesting that females have proportionally larger abdomens. All morphometric relationships were significant for both sexes and most were linear. Relationships against CL were mostly isometric, but TL and rostral length exhibited negative allometry, i.e., a proportionally smaller increase with increasing CL. Brood size (BS) and embryo mass volume were linearly related with female size, but embryo development stage significantly affected BS, embryo size, embryo mass volume, and reproductive output. We found a significant, negative relationship between residuals of the number and size of embryos, suggesting a trade-off in embryo production. Although G. spinicauda is of no commercial value, it co-occurs with other species of potential interest. Our results can thus be useful to design management and conservation plans should fisheries for deep-sea resources eventually develop in the southern Gulf of Mexico.
Advancing toward a unified eosinophil signature from transcriptional profiling
Authors: Chhiba Krishan D , Kuang Fei Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes that can accumulate in increased numbers in tissues and/or peripheral blood in disease. Phenotyping of eosinophils in health and disease has the potential to improve the precision of diagnosis and choice of therapies for eosinophilic-associated diseases. Transcriptional profiling of eosinophils has been plagued by cell fragility and difficulty isolating high-quality RNA. With several technological advances, single-cell RNA sequencing has become possible with eosinophils, at least from mice, while bulk RNA sequencing and microarrays have been performed in both murine and human samples. Anticipating more eosinophil transcriptional profiles in the coming years, we provide a summary of prior studies conducted on mouse and human eosinophils in blood and tissue, with a discussion of the advantages and potential pitfalls of various approaches. Common technical standards in studying eosinophil biology would help advance the field and make cross-study comparisons possible. Knowledge gaps and opportunities include identifying a minimal set of genes that define the eosinophil lineage, comparative studies between active disease and remission vs. homeostasis or development, especially in humans, and a comprehensive comparison between murine and human eosinophils at the transcriptional level. Characterizing such transcriptional patterns will be important to understanding the complex and diverse roles of eosinophils in both health and disease.
The Human Right to Science
Authors: Romano Cesare P R , Boggio Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Human Right to Science is about the “human right to benefit from progress in science and its applications,” also known more succinctly as the “right to science.” Although the right to science is one of the oldest internationally recognized human rights, it has suffered too long from neglect. International organizations and States pay little attention to it. There are only a few inadequate indicators to measure progress toward its realization. There is also little or no international or national jurisprudence, as the right as such is not litigated. However, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, both international organizations and scholars developed a new interest in the right to science. This book provides an in-depth historical account of the emergence and development of the right to science (Part II) and maps the right to science in international and domestic (constitutional level only) legal instruments (Part III). In Part IV, the right to science is broken down into twenty-two distinct but interrelated rights, grouped in four clusters: (1) the right to scientific progress and to scientific freedom; (2) the right to responsible scientific progress; (3) the right to participate in scientific progress; and (4) the right to benefit from scientific progress. For each cluster of rights, and for each of the rights contained in each cluster, the book discusses their normative basis and content, limitations, and possible indicators States and international organizations use, or might use, to track progress toward their implementation.
From the American Declaration to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Authors: Romano Cesare PR , Boggio Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter maps the origins of the right to science. It starts by putting the birth of the right to science in its wider historical context, during the Second World War. It then traces the origins of the right to the first preliminary draft of the American Declaration of the Right and Duties of Man, adopted on December 31, 1945, by the Inter-American Juridical Committee, and later, to the text of the American Declaration adopted by the Organization of American States in April 1948. Then, it follows the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from the beginning (1946) to its adoption in December 1948, focusing on the negotiations of the provisions regarding the right to science. It discusses in detail three debates that took place during negotiations: on the limits and teleology of science; on the right to benefit from progress in science; and on the right to benefit from the protection of intellectual property.
The Right to Science in National Constitutions
Authors: Romano Cesare PR , Boggio Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter maps the right to science in national constitutions. It focuses on five categories of constitutional provisions, corresponding to the four clusters of rights described in Part IV. Overall, provisions that protect scientific freedom and guarantee access to the benefits of scientific and technological progress appear in a considerable number of national constitutions, adding weight to the conclusion that the right might have attained customary international law status. However, it is difficult to tell whether those provisions are more than mere lofty proclamations. First, constitutional jurisprudence on the right to science or its various components remains scarce. Second, constitutional cases involving “right to science” issues are usually litigated and classified as violations of cognate rights, such as freedom of expression, academic freedom, right to life, right to health, intellectual property, or environmental rights, further complicating the hunt for the “right to science.”
A Matter of Trust
Authors: Stokes Liz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nurses have a critical role in the advocacy and treatment for people with substance use disorder (SUD). SUD affects millions of individuals. The prevalence suggests that nurses across all practice settings will encounter people with SUD. Nurses must be ethically aware of dilemmas and complexities when caring for this population. SUD can often be stigmatized as a moral failing, rather than a clinical disease, and this is especially true in the case of pregnant people experiencing SUD. This chapter will discuss the moral perspectives regarding SUD and address the legal and ethical considerations that nurses must be prepared for when caring for pregnant people with SUD. This chapter asserts that in response to the ethical and legal considerations raised herein, nurses and other healthcare professionals should advocate for policy for people with SUD that is evidence-based, socially just, and addresses the true health needs of this underrepresented population.
Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Tracheal Instillation of Surfactant
Authors: O’Donnell Colm P.F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Surfactant deficiency was the suspected etiology of respiratory distress syndrome since 1959; after decades of bench and animal research to approach a safe and effective means of replacing surfactant, this was one of the first trials to show the immediate effects of surfactant on lung damage in infants. Infants born before 30 weeks at a single site who were intubated shortly after birth were randomly assigned to receive surfactant extracted from calf lungs (39 infants) or a sham injection of air (33 infants). Blood gas analysis showed improved oxygenation in the first 72 hours among infants who received surfactant. The a/A ratio was on average 0.15 higher in the surfactant group over the first 72 hours of life (p &lt;0.05 at all time points). Fewer infants treated with surfactant had pulmonary interstitial emphysema on chest radiographs (3 versus 13; p &lt;0.005), and fewer died in the neonatal period (1 versus 6; p &lt;0.05).
Early CPAP Versus Surfactant in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Manley Brett J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The benefit of intubation for prophylactic surfactant was questioned as respiratory techniques evolved. The SUPPORT trial randomized 1316 extremely preterm infants born 24 to 27 weeks’ gestation to either early CPAP or intubation in the delivery room. This was in a 2×2 factorial trial, where oxygen saturation was also tested. After adjustment, the rate of the primary outcome of death or BPD did not differ significantly (CPAP 47.8% versus intubation 51.0%; RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.05, p = 0.30). However, on secondary analysis more infants in the CPAP group were alive and free from the need for mechanical ventilation by day 7 (55.3% versus 48.8%; RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.25, p = 0.01) and infants in the CPAP group required fewer days of ventilation (adjusted mean 24.8 versus 27.7; mean difference –3.0, 95% CI –5.6 to –0.3, p = 0.03).
A Trial Comparing Noninvasive Ventilation Strategies in Preterm Infants
Authors: Manley Brett J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There was evidence from small trials that nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) might be a superior mode of respiratory support to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for preterm infants. The NIPPV Trial randomized 1009 extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants born before 30 weeks’ gestation to NIPPV or nCPAP, either as early or post-extubation respiratory support. A heterogeneous population was enrolled, involving 34 centers worldwide. This large, pragmatic trial allowed the use of both synchronized and non-synchronized NIPPV. The trial found no difference in the composite primary outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (NIPPV 38.4% versus nCPAP 36.7%; adjusted odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.43, p = 0.56). There were no differences in the individual components of the primary outcome, or in the frequencies of other secondary outcomes, including potential adverse effects of treatment.
Effectiveness of Family Integrated Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units on Infant and Parent Outcomes
Authors: Myttaraki Evangelia , Gale Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Effective integration of parents in their newborn’s care is critical. This study evaluated the effect of Family Integrated Care (FICare), a pragmatic approach to enable parents to become their newborn’s primary caregivers in the NICU. In this international, multicenter, cluster-randomized controlled trial, 13 centers (895 infants) randomized to FICare were compared to 12 centers (891 infants) randomized to standard parental neonatal care. The primary outcome of infant weight gain at day 21 was greater in the FICare group (Z –0.071 [SD 0.42] versus –0.155 [0.42]; p &lt;0.0002). Secondary outcomes of parental stress and anxiety were lower; and at discharge, high-frequency breastfeeding (≥6 times/day) was higher in the FICare group. No significant differences were found in other secondary outcomes between groups.