bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface and Interface Properties of Lauroyl Sarcosinate-Adsorbed CP+-Montmorillonite
Authors: Yapar Saadet , Özdemir Günselı , Fernández Solarte Alejandra M. , Torres Sánchez Rosa M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCatanionic surfactant systems are used as drug-delivery vehicles and as nanocompartments in the formation of biomaterials and nanosized particles. Clay minerals are compatible with organic tissues and also have biomedical applications. The aim of the present study was to combine the properties of catanionic surfactants and clay minerals to obtain new materials with potential uses in medicine, waste-water treatment, and antibacterial applications. The surfactants chosen to make the catanionic surfactant were cetylpyridinium (CP) and lauroyl sarcosinate (SR), which interact strongly in aqueous media and cause specific aggregations such as ion-pair amphiphiles and needle- and leaf-like structures. Aside from the aqueous solution, new ternary systems are formed with different structures and properties through the addition of montmorillonite (Mnt). The surface and interlayer structures of the different Mnt-CP-SR samples prepared by using CP and SR in amounts equal to various ratios of cationic exchange capacity of the clay mineral were studied. They were also compared with the structured surfactant aggregates formed in aqueous media. The Mnt-CP-SR samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses, and zeta-potential measurements to elucidate the interlayer- and external-surface structures. The XRD analyses showed the formation of a compact structure in the interlayer region resulting from the interaction between randomly oriented pyridinium and negatively charged SR head groups. The triple interactions among the Mnt surface, CP, and SR were more complex than the double interactions between the Mnt and cationic surfactant, and the CP played a dominant role in the formation of external and interlayer surface structures regardless of the amount and order of the addition of SR. The new findings support new applications for organoclays in the fields of biomedicine, remediation of polluted water, and nanocomposite materials.
The meaning of centrality and margin in Lisbon’s Rossio: Spatializing urban processes before and after the 1755 earthquake1
Authors: Malet Calvo Daniel 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Praça do Rossio has been the most emblematic space in central Lisbon both before and after the 1755 earthquake that destroyed much of the city. Up until the thirteenth century Rossio was a barren area outside the walls of the medieval city and was used as a common space where people held ceremonies for 500 years. The Rossio also connected inland rural area with the city within the walls, acting as a bridge between those two worlds. For this reason Rossio has always been a space for all kind of vendors, outsiders, beggars and social rejects, while also a route into the city for agrarian culture, rituals and people. Despite the attempts by the city’s masters and the Crown to seize the space for the construction of their institutions, it was not until the 1755 earthquake that this finally happened. The reconstruction of Lisbon under the gaze of the enlightened rationalist Marquis of Pombal represented the beginning of a new era for the city: giving birth to the modern bourgeois city, in which the historical organization of space was reshaped, the Rossio’s traditional functions displaced and the meaning and contents of the hegemonic city representations and imaginaries such as fado music and the annual People’s Saints (Santos Populares) celebrations renewed. In this article, the centrality of Rossio is reviewed, with a stress on the displacement of some of its attributes to the districts after the earthquake by the romantic heritage processes of meaning. However, the Rossio maintained some of its traditional functions, with the daily presence there of African migrants as an example.
Agressive central giant cell granuloma of the mandible: case report
Authors: Durão Ana Reis , Koch José Teixeira , Miranda Marcelo , Aline Aline Morosolli 
Published: October 2015

Central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) are benign intraosseous proliferative lesions. Usually located are at the anterior region of the maxilla or mandible, although are more frequently found in the mandible. Etiopathogenesis of these lesions has remained unknown, however, some consider them as reparative response rather than neoplastic condition. Clinically CGCG present as asymptomatic, with expansive swelling causing deviation or proliferation of cortical bone. This condition is usually unifocal. Surgical removal is often the preferred treatment. Although nonsurgical treatment methods, such as intralesional corticosteroid injections, systemic calcitonin and interferon have been reported. This article describes the radiographic features of a large CGCG in the anterior mandibular region seen in a 9 year-old patient. Treatment of this lesion included resection of the anterior region of the mandible and replacement by tibia with bone growth factors. Keywords: Central giant cell granuloma; reparative granulomas; mandible; jaws.
An agent-oriented hierarchic strategy for solving inverse problems
Authors: Smołka Maciej , Schaefer Robert , Paszyński Maciej , Pardo David , Álvarez-Aramberri Julen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper discusses the complex, agent-oriented hierarchic memetic strategy (HMS) dedicated to solving inverse parametric problems. The strategy goes beyond the idea of two-phase global optimization algorithms. The global search performed by a tree of dependent demes is dynamically alternated with local, steepest descent searches. The strategy offers exceptionally low computational costs, mainly because the direct solver accuracy (performed by the hp-adaptive finite element method) is dynamically adjusted for each inverse search step. The computational cost is further decreased by the strategy employed for solution inter-processing and fitness deterioration. The HMS efficiency is compared with the results of a standard evolutionary technique, as well as with the multi-start strategy on benchmarks that exhibit typical inverse problems’ difficulties. Finally, an HMS application to a real-life engineering problem leading to the identification of oil deposits by inverting magnetotelluric measurements is presented. The HMS applicability to the inversion of magnetotelluric data is also mathematically verified.
On the order equivalence relation of binary association measures
Authors: Paradowski Mariusz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Over a century of research has resulted in a set of more than a hundred binary association measures. Many of them share similar properties. An overview of binary association measures is presented, focused on their order equivalences. Association measures are grouped according to their relations. Transformations between these measures are shown, both formally and visually. A generalization coefficient is proposed, based on joint probability and marginal probabilities. Combining association measures is one of recent trends in computer science. Measures are combined in linear and nonlinear discrimination models, automated feature selection or construction. Knowledge about their relations is particularly important to avoid problems of meaningless results, zeroed generalized variances, the curse of dimensionality, or simply to save time
The Impact of Maternity Leave Laws on Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Stoddard Christiana , Stock Wendy A. , Hogenson Elise 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Through their influence on insurance and relative leave length, maternity leave laws can alter the incentives to choose cesarean delivery. We use a difference-in-difference approach to estimate the impact of state-level maternity leave laws on cesarean delivery. Empirical results suggest that maternity leave laws guaranteeing relatively short leaves are associated with reduced probability of cesarean delivery. Laws that guarantee continued insurance coverage during the leave are associated with an increase in the probability of cesarean delivery among insured women.
An efficiency defence for mergers: Putting an intricate puzzle together
Authors: Drauz Götz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The EU merger control system is currently undergoing a reform. Alongside proposed changes to the EC Merger Regulation, the European Commission adopted draft guidelines for the appraisal of horizontal mergers. One important issue of the guidelines is the treatment of efficiencies within the appraisal of mergers. The purpose of this article is to analyse some of the key issues.
EU Merger Control at a Turning Point- the Court of First Instance's “Schneider” and “Tetra” judgments
Authors: Wessely Thomas W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
“Antitrust is a hungry policy, always seeking new terrain to conquer as soon as it has won its victories and imposed rigid rules in older areas” (Bark, The Antitrust Paradox, 249 (1978)). The Airtours/First Choice, Schneider/Legrand and Tetra Laval/Side! mergers had all fallen prey to that hungry policy. In each of the cases, an increasingly expansive merger control enforcement had ventured on new ground. In June and October 2002, the Court annulled all three prohibition decisions. The Court's judgments mark a clear turning point in EU merger control.
Defining Borders of Vitrification Region in the Li2O⋅B2O3-B2O3-Yb2O3⋅B2O3 System
Authors: Asadov MirSalim M. , Mammadov Asif N. , Tagiev Dilgam B. , Akhmedova Naile A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPhase relations along the Li2O⋅2B2O3-Yb2O3⋅B2O3 polythermal section of the Li2O –B2O3–Yb2O3 system were investigated by differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and microstructural analysis. The state phase diagram of the Li2O⋅2B2O3-Yb2O3⋅B2O3 section is an eutectic system with invariant eutectic point corresponding to ∼0.2 mole fraction of Yb2O3⋅B2O3 and 800 °C. According to physico-chemical analysis, the Li2O⋅2B2O3-Yb2O3⋅B2O3 polythermal section is quasi-binary, allowing us to partially triangulate the Li2O-B2O3-Yb2O3 system. The borders of the glass formation region were defined in the Li2O⋅2B2O3-B2O3-Yb2O3⋅B2O3 concentration triangle. The vitreous samples showed a semiconducting nature.
The Conditional Dependence Structure between Precious Metals: A Copula-GARCH Approach
Authors: Wanat Stanisław , Papież Monika , Śmiech Sławomir 
Published: October 2015

The aim of the paper is to analyse the conditional dependence structure between precious metal returns using a copula-DCC-GARCH approach. Conditional correlation matrices are used to identify the states of the precious metals market by assuming that a given state of the market corresponds to a typical pattern of the conditional dependence structure. Cluster analysis allows for pointing at transition points between the market states, that is the points of drastic change in the conditional dependence structure. The application of the methodology described above to the period between 1997 and 2013 indicates three market states of four major precious metals (gold, silver, platinum and palladium). The results obtained reveal a sudden increase in dependencies between precious metals at the turn of April and May 2004.
The Application of a Rolling Causality Test for Analysing Dependencies between the Prices of Corn, Crude Oil and Ethanol
Authors: Papież Monika 
Published: October 2015

The objective of the paper is to analyse causality between the prices of corn, crude oil and ethanol. The analysis conducted for the paper is a dynamic one, and the data used consist of weekly futures prices of crude oil, corn, and ethanol from January 5, 2007 till April 11, 2014. The assessment of causal links between the prices of corn, crude oil and ethanol is carried out with the use of rolling regression applied to the augmented-VAR framework proposed by Toda and Yamamoto in 1995. The application of the rolling regression procedures in the modified Wald (MWALD) causality test allows for the investigation of the persistence of stability in causal relations between the prices analysed. The results obtained indicate that the linkages between energy prices and agricultural commodity prices changed in the period analysed. The results of Granger causality tests reveal that in the analysed period the price of corn influences the price of energy (crude oil and ethanol). Also, crude oil prices influence corn prices and ethanol prices. However, ethanol prices were not observed to influence crude oil prices or corn prices.
POR UMA EFETIVA AÇÃO DOCENTE NA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DA ESCOLA?: APONTAMENTOS DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA PROFESSORES
Authors: Gonzaga Luciano Luz , Maia Cristina de Oliveira , Lannes Denise Rocha Corrêa 
Published: October 2015

Pensar na democratização da escola pública implica definir com transparência e clareza a função social dessa instituição. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo estabelecer um espaço de reflexão sobre a participação efetiva dos docentes cursistas na função social da escola, estabelecendo os indicativos necessários para uma prática pedagógica comprometida com a inclusão, com o respeito à diversidade e à tolerância. A experiência da disciplina intitulada Ação docente na função social da escola contribuiu para a construção de um olhar diferenciado sobre o universo escolar, especialmente, no que diz respeito à compreensão do papel social da escola nos dias atuais. Palavras-chave: Função social da escola; Formação continuada; Formação de professores; Educação a distância. For an Effective "Teaching-action in the Social Function of School": Notes from the Experience of Continuing Education for Teachers in Distance LearningAbstract To think about the democratization of the public school implies to define with transparency and clarity the social function of this institution. Thus, this study aims to create a space for reflecting on the effective participation of teacher students in the social function of the school, setting the required premises for an institution committed to promote inclusion, with respect for diversity, and tolerance within the pedagogical practice. This experience called Action in the social function of school has contributed to build a different view of the school environment, especially regarding the social role of the school in the present time.Keywords: Social function of the school; Continued education; Teacher training; Distance Education.
A EXPERIMENTAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM CIÊNCIAS NA EAD
Authors: Heckler Valmir , Motta Cezar Soares , Galiazzi Maria do Carmo 
Published: October 2015

Neste artigo expressamos compreensões sobre o desenvolver da experimentação na formação de professores em Ciências na Educação a Distância (EaD). Abrange uma revisão bibliográfica em duas etapas. A primeira envolve 1.811 publicações, em seis periódicos brasileiros da área de Educação em Ciências e a segunda etapa 176 publicações disponibilizadas na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram selecionados 28 produções vinculadas a EaD, constituindo o corpus de análise da pesquisa. A partir da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) emergem três categorias: a primeira abrange as atividades em disciplinas dos cursos de formação em Ciências na EaD; a segunda engloba os ensaios teóricos e as investigações sobre/na EaD em Ciências; e a terceira é constituída pelas atividades extracurriculares em Ciências via/na EaD. Entre os resultados registramos um trabalho associado ao uso de simuladores na experimentação em disciplinas da formação de professores. Em um maior percentual dos trabalhos a centralidade está no debate sobre o uso do laboratório didático e na disciplina de laboratório. Na experimentação em atividades extraclasse, registramos um projeto em torno de um experimento remoto via web. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores; Universidade Aberta do Brasil; Pesquisa qualitativa; Educação a Distância; Experimentação em Ciências. The Experimentation in the Brazilian Context of Teacher Education in Sciences on Distance Education Abstract In this paper we express insights about developing experimentation in distance teacher education course in Science. We develop a literature review in two steps. The first step involves 1,811 publications in six Brazilian journals of Science Education Area and the second step, 176 publications available at Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). In this study, we selected 28 productions about distance education (DE) which forms the research analysis corpus. In the study developed by Textual Discourse Analysis (ATD), three categories emerge: the first category covers the activities in disciplines in the distance education teacher training courses in Sciences; the second covers the theoretical-practices and investigations in Sciences about/ at a distance; and the third consists of Sciences extracurricular activities via/at distance a distance. Among the results, we registered a work associated to the use of simulators in the experimentation. In a larger percentage of the analyzed studies, the centrality relies on the discussion about the use of the didactic laboratory and the discipline of laboratory. Concerning the experimentation in extracurricular activities, we verified a project based on a remote experiment via web. Keywords: Teacher Education; Open University of Brazil; Qualitative research; Distance Education; Experimentation in Sciences.
Morphometrics as a predictor of perioperative morbidity after lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Zakaria Hesham Mostafa , Schultz Lonni , Mossa-Basha Feras , Griffith Brent , Chang Victor 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Improved objective assessments of perioperative risk after spine surgery are necessary to decrease postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Morphometric analysis has proven utility in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in surgical disciplines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether morphometrics can be applied to the cases of patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of the perioperative course of 395 patients who underwent lumbar surgery at their institution from 2013 to 2014. Preoperative risk factors such as age, diabetes, smoking, coronary artery disease, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Preoperative MRI was used to measure the psoas muscle area at the L-4 vertebra and paraspinal muscle area at the T-12 vertebra. Primary outcomes included unplanned return to the operating room, 30- and 90-day readmissions, surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, new neurological deficit, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, urinary tract infection, urinary retention, hospital-acquired pneumonia, stroke, and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.

RESULTS
The overall rate of adverse events was 30%, the most common event being urinary retention (12%). Greater age (p = 0.015) and tobacco usage (p = 0.026) were both significantly associated with complications for all patients, while diabetes, coronary artery disease, and high BMI were not. No surgery-related characteristics were associated with postoperative morbidity, including whether surgery required instrumentation, whether it was a revision, or the number of vertebral levels treated. Using multivariate regression analysis, male and female patients with the lowest psoas tertile had an OR of 1.70 (95% CI 1.04–2.79, p = 0.035) for having postoperative complications. Male patients in the lowest psoas tertile had an OR of 2.42 (95% CI 1.17–5.01, p = 0.016) for having a postoperative complication. The paraspinal muscle groups did not provide any significant data for postoperative morbidity, even after multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
The morphometric measurement of psoas muscle size may be a sensitive predictive tool compared with other risk factors for perioperative morbidity in male patients undergoing lumbar surgery.
Lumbar spine surgery positioning complications: a systematic review
Authors: Shriver Michael F. , Zeer Valerie , Alentado Vincent J. , Mroz Thomas E. , Benzel Edward C. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
There are a variety of surgical positions that provide optimal exposure of the dorsal lumbar spine. These include the prone, kneeling, knee-chest, knee-elbow, and lateral decubitus positions. All are positions that facilitate exposure of the spine. Each position, however, is associated with an array of unique complications that result from excessive pressure applied to the torso or extremities. The authors reviewed clinical studies reporting complications that arose from positioning of the patient during dorsal exposures of the lumbar spine.

METHODS
MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science database searches were performed to find clinical studies reporting complications associated with positioning during lumbar spine surgery. For articles meeting inclusion criteria, the following information was obtained: publication year, study design, sample size, age, operative time, type of surgery, surgical position, frame or table type, complications associated with positioning, time to first observed complication, long-term outcomes, and evidence-based recommendations for complication avoidance.

RESULTS
Of 3898 articles retrieved from MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, 34 met inclusion criteria. Twenty-four studies reported complications associated with use of the prone position, and 7 studies investigated complications after knee-chest positioning. Complications associated with the knee-elbow, lateral decubitus, and supine positions were each reported by a single study. Vision loss was the most commonly reported complication for both prone and knee-chest positioning. Several other complications were reported, including conjunctival swelling, Ischemic orbital compartment syndrome, nerve palsies, thromboembolic complications, pressure sores, lower extremity compartment syndrome, and shoulder dislocation, highlighting the assortment of possible complications following different surgical positions. For prone-position studies, there was a relationship between increased operation time and position complications. Only 3 prone-position studies reported complications following procedures of less than 120 minutes, 7 studies reported complications following mean operative times of 121–240 minutes, and 9 additional studies reported complications following mean operative times greater than 240 minutes. This relationship was not observed for knee-chest and other surgical positions.

CONCLUSIONS
This work presents a systematic review of positioning-related complications following prone, knee-chest, and other positions used for lumbar spine surgery. Numerous evidence-based recommendations for avoidance of these potentially severe complications associated with intraoperative positioning are discussed. This investigation may serve as a framework to educate the surgical team and decrease rates of intraoperative positioning complications.