bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Dependent Stereodivergence in the Intramolecular Et2Zn/Pd0‐Promoted Carbonyl Propargylation: Mechanistic Implications
Authors: Arrate Mónica , Durana Aritz , Lorenzo Paula , de Lera Ángel R. , Álvarez Rosana , Aurrecoechea José M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCarbonyl‐tethered propargylic benzoates undergo intramolecular carbonylpropargylation upon treatment with Et2Zn in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd0with the formation of 2‐alkynylcyclopentanol products. A ligand/solvent effect on thecis/transselectivity (referring to the relative positions of alkynyl and OH groups) of ring‐closure has been found. In a non‐coordinating solvent (benzene), increasing the electron‐donating ability of the phosphine ligand (while decreasing its dissociation ability) leads to an increased tendency towards thetransproduct. On the other hand, the combination of a coordinating solvent (THF) and PPh3, an easily dissociated phosphine, results in the exclusive formation ofcisproducts. Experimental and computational results are compatible with a divergent behavior of an allenylethylpalladium intermediate that partitions between competitive carbonyl‐addition and transmetalation pathways, each leading to a different diastereoisomer. These results also suggest that the dissociating ability of the phosphine regulates that behavior.
Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP) Inhibitors in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Agents for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Song Hualong , Zhou Shanshan , Wang Rubing , Li Shaoshun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA diverse group of proteins, the activities of which are precisely orchestrated during mitosis, have emerged as targets for cancer therapeutics; these include the Aurora kinases (AKs), Polo‐like kinases (PLKs), and the kinesin spindle protein (KSP). KSP is essential for the proper separation of spindle poles during mitosis. Agents that target KSP selectively act on cells undergoing cell division, which means that KSP inhibitors are mitosis‐specific drugs, and have demonstrated remarkable activities in vitro. However, a significant obstacle to the success of KSP inhibitors is that these compounds, with tremendous efficacy in vitro, have demonstrated little or even no antitumor activity in vivo. Accumulated data suggest that a combination of KSP inhibitors with various cytostatic drugs will result in a more powerful tumor‐killing effect than monotherapy. Combination therapies might predominate and represent the next frontier in the discovery research of KSP inhibitors as potential anticancer drugs. Few published studies have reviewed combination therapy using KSP inhibitors. Herein we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on KSP inhibitor monotherapy and therapeutic combinations. The current state and problems are also discussed.
The Close Relationships between the Crystal Structures of MO and MSO4 (M = Group 10, 11, or 12 Metal), and the Predicted Structures of AuO and PtSO4
Authors: Derzsi Mariana , Hermann Andreas , Hoffmann Roald , Grochala Wojciech 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe structural relations of (and between) late transition metal monoxides, MO, and monosulfates, MSO4, are analyzed. We show that all of these late transition metal oxides, as well as 4d and 5d metal sulfates, crystallize in distorted rock salt lattices and argue that the distortions are driven by collective first‐ and/or second order Jahn–Teller effects. The collective Jahn–Teller deformations lead either to tetragonal contraction or (seldom) elongation of the rock salt lattice. On the basis of the rock salt representation of the oxides and sulfates, we show that PdO, CuO, and AgO are metrically related and that the 4d and 5d metal sulfates are close to isostructural with their oxides. These observations guide us towards as yet unknown AuO and PtSO4, for which we predict crystal structures from electronic structure calculations.
Personal values and prosocial behaviour in strategic interactions: Distinguishing value‐expressive from value‐ambivalent behaviours
Authors: Lönnqvist Jan‐Erik , Verkasalo Markku , Wichardt Philipp C. , Walkowitz Gari 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRelying on the framework provided by Schwartz's theory of personal values, we investigated whether values can help explain prosocial behaviour. We first distinguished value‐expressive behaviours from value‐ambivalent behaviours. The former are compatible with primarily one value or with congruent values, the latter with mutually conflicting values. In Study 1, an analysis over all 41 (39 unpublished) samples in which we measured personal values and prosocial behaviour in monetarily incentivized strategic interactions (N = 1289; data collected between 2007 and 2010 in China, Finland, Germany, Israel, and the West Bank) supported our idea that personal values, universalism in particular, predict value‐expressive (prisoner's dilemma cooperation and trust game back‐transfers) but not value‐ambivalent behaviours (trust game transfers and ultimatum game proposals and responses). Study 2 (N = 56) focused on dictator game behaviours, which we expected and found to be strongly value‐expressive. The findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on whether and under which circumstances values shape behaviour. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A benchmarking method to measure dietary absorption efficiency of chemicals by fish
Authors: Xiao Ruiyang , Adolfsson-Erici Margaretha , Åkerman Gun , McLachlan Michael S. , MacLeod Matthew 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Understanding the dietary absorption efficiency of chemicals in the gastrointestinal tract of fish is important from both a scientific and a regulatory point of view. However, reported fish absorption efficiencies for well-studied chemicals are highly variable. In the present study, the authors developed and exploited an internal chemical benchmarking method that has the potential to reduce uncertainty and variability and, thus, to improve the precision of measurements of fish absorption efficiency. The authors applied the benchmarking method to measure the gross absorption efficiency for 15 chemicals with a wide range of physicochemical properties and structures. They selected 2,2′,5,6′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB53) and decabromodiphenyl ethane as absorbable and nonabsorbable benchmarks, respectively. Quantities of chemicals determined in fish were benchmarked to the fraction of PCB53 recovered in fish, and quantities of chemicals determined in feces were benchmarked to the fraction of decabromodiphenyl ethane recovered in feces. The performance of the benchmarking procedure was evaluated based on the recovery of the test chemicals and precision of absorption efficiency from repeated tests. Benchmarking did not improve the precision of the measurements; after benchmarking, however, the median recovery for 15 chemicals was 106%, and variability of recoveries was reduced compared with before benchmarking, suggesting that benchmarking could account for incomplete extraction of chemical in fish and incomplete collection of feces from different tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2695–2700. © 2013 SETAC
A systematic review of Internet‐based supportive interventions for caregivers of patients with dementia
Authors: Boots L. M. M. , de Vugt M. E. , van Knippenberg R. J. M. , Kempen G. I. J. M. , Verhey F. R. J. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveBecause of the expected increase in the number of dementia patients, the unlikelihood of a cure in the near future, and the rising cost of care, there is an increasing need for effective caregiver interventions. Internet interventions hold considerable promise for meeting the educational and support needs of informal dementia caregivers at reduced costs. The current study aims to provide an overview of the evidence for the effectiveness, feasibility, and quality of Internet interventions for informal caregivers of people with dementia.MethodsA systematic literature search of five scientific databases was performed, covering literature published up to 10 January 2013. Twelve studies were identified. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane level of evidence and the criteria list of the Cochrane Back Review Group.ResultsThe intervention types, dosage, and duration differed widely, as did the methodological quality of the included studies. The overall level of evidence was low. However, the results demonstrate that Internet interventions for informal dementia caregivers can improve various aspects of caregiver well‐being, for example, confidence, depression, and self‐efficacy, provided they comprise multiple components and are tailored to the individual. Furthermore, caregivers could benefit from interaction with a coach and other caregivers.ConclusionsInternet interventions for informal dementia caregivers may improve caregiver well‐being. However, the available supporting evidence lacks methodological quality. More randomized controlled studies assessing interventions performed according to protocol are needed to give stronger statements about the effects of supportive Internet interventions and their most promising elements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory considerations for the potential development and application of metal cleanup values
Authors: Greenberg Marc S , Schoeters Ilse , Wentsel Randall S , Charters David W , Mitchell Ian A , Zajdlik Barry 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article addresses the regulatory issues associated with the application of recent data to support Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances (REACH) requirements in Europe and the use of metal-specific parameters by other countries to generate remediation values for metals in soil. The purposes of this article are to: 1) present approaches and advances developed over the last decade in Europe for the REACH regulation and proposed in Australia by the National Environment Protection Council, 2) review current US and Canadian regulatory practices on ecological soil cleanup values, and 3) evaluate the application of new scientific approaches, methods, and soil criteria development processes used in other countries. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:401–414. © 2013 SETAC
Effect of N‐ethylmaleimide, chymotrypsin, and H2O2 on the viscoelasticity of human erythrocytes: Experimental measurement and theoretical analysis
Authors: Chen Yin‐Quan , Chen Chih‐Wei , Ni Yu‐Li , Huang Yu‐Shan , Lin Orson , Chien Shu , Sung Lanping Amy , Chiou Arthur 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe physiological functions of erythrocytes depend critically on their morphology, deformability, and aggregation capability in response to external physical and chemical stimuli. The dynamic deformability can be described in terms of their viscoelasticity. We applied jumping optical tweezers to trap and stretch individual red blood cells (RBCs) to characterize its viscoelasticity in terms of the Young's modulus and viscosity by analyzing the experimental data of dynamic deformation using a 2‐parameter Kelvin solid model.The effects of three chemical agents (N ‐ethylmaleimide, Chymotrypsin, and Hydrogen peroxide) on RBC's mechanical properties were studied by comparing the Young's modulus and viscosity of RBCs with and without these chemical treatments. Although the effects of each of these chemicals on the molecular structures of RBC may not be exclusive, based on the dominant effect of each chemical, we attempted to dissect the main contributions of different constituents of the RBC membrane to its viscosity and elasticity. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric field stimulation through a biodegradable polypyrrole‐co‐polycaprolactone substrate enhances neural cell growth
Authors: Nguyen Hieu T. , Sapp Shawn , Wei Claudia , Chow Jacqueline K. , Nguyen Alvin , Coursen Jeff , Luebben Silvia , Chang Emily , Ross Robert , Schmidt Christine E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are FDA‐approved devices used to bridge gaps across severed nerve cables and help direct axons sprouting from the proximal end toward the distal stump. In this article, we present the development of a novel electrically conductive, biodegradable NGC made from a polypyrrole‐block‐polycaprolactone (PPy‐PCL) copolymer material laminated with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). The PPy‐PCL has a bulk conductivity ranging 10–20 S/cm and loses 40 wt % after 7 months under physiologic conditions. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) grown on flat PPy‐PCL/PLGA material exposed to direct current electric fields (EF) of 100 mV/cm for 2 h increased axon growth by 13% (± 2%) toward either electrode of a 2‐electrode setup, compared with control grown on identical substrates without EF exposure. Alternating current increased axon growth by 21% (±3%) without an observable directional preference, compared with the same control group. The results from this study demonstrate PLGA‐coated PPy‐PCL is a unique biodegradable material that can deliver substrate EF stimulation to improve axon growth for peripheral nerve repair. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2554–2564, 2014.
Enhanced wear and corrosion in modular tapers in total hip replacement is associated with the contact area and surface topography
Authors: Panagiotidou Anna , Meswania Jay , Hua Jia , Muirhead‐Allwood Sarah , Hart Alister , Blunn Gordon 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWidespread concern exists about adverse tissue reactions after metal‐on‐metal (MoM) total hip replacement (THR). Concerns have also been expressed with wear and corrosion of taper junctions in THR. We report the effect of surface finish and contact area associated with a single combination of materials of modular tapers. In an in vitro test, we investigated the head/neck (CoCrMo/Ti) interface of modular THRs using commercially available heads. Wear and corrosion of taper surfaces was compared following a 10 million loading cycle. Surface parameters and profiles were measured before and after testing. Electrochemical static and dynamic corrosion tests were performed under loaded and non‐loaded conditions. After the load test, the surface roughness parameters on the head taper were significantly increased where the head/neck contact area was reduced. Similarly, the surface roughness parameters on the head taper were significantly increased where rough neck tapers were used. Corrosion testing showed breaching of the passive film on the rough but not the smooth neck tapers. Thus, surface area and surface finish are important factors in wear and corrosion at modular interfaces. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:2032–2039, 2013
Effects of ACL reconstruction surgery on muscle activity of the lower limb during a jump‐cut maneuver in males and females
Authors: Coats‐Thomas Margaret S. , Miranda Daniel L. , Badger Gary J. , Fleming Braden C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe compared muscle activity of the quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles when ACL‐intact (ACLINT) and ACL‐reconstructed (ACLREC) male and female subjects performed a jump‐cut task. Surface electromyography sensors were used to evaluate time to peak muscle activity and muscle activity ratios. Rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM) peak timing was 71 and 78 ms earlier in ACLINTthan in ACLRECsubjects, respectively. Biceps femoris (BF) peak timing was 90 ms earlier in ACLINTthan in ACLRECsubjects and 75 ms earlier in females than in males. Medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle peak timing was 77 ms earlier in ACLINTthan in ACLRECsubjects. Lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and MG muscle peak times were 106 ms and 87 ms earlier in females than in males, respectively. The RF, VM, BF, and MG peaked later in ACLRECthan in ACLINTsubjects. There was evidence suggesting that the loading phase quadriceps:hamstring (quad:ham) muscle activity ratio was greater in ACLRECthan in ACLINTsubjects. Finally, the injury risk phase quad:ham muscle activity ratio was 4.8 times greater in females than in males. In conclusion, differences exist in muscle activity related to ACL status and sex that could potentially help explain graft failure risk and the sex bias. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1890–1896, 2013
Evaluation of cinnamon essential oil microemulsion and its vapor phase for controlling postharvest gray mold of pears (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Authors: Wang Yifei , Zhao Ruipeng , Yu Ling , Zhang Yunbin , He Yan , Yao Jie 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDEssential oil of cinnamon (CM) is a potential alternative to chemical fungicides. Thus this work aimed to investigate the possible effects of CM microemulsions on decay developments and qualitative properties of pears.RESULTSThe decay incidence of samples treated with 500 µg L−1 microemulsion was significantly reduced by 18.7% in comparison to that of 500 µg L−1 non‐microemulsion after 4 days' storage at 20 °C. In the vapor phase, the CM microemulsion with the lowest concentration had the best control for decay incidence and lesion diameter. The interval between inoculations also influenced decay development. Pears treated with Botrytis cinerea and immediately followed by CM microemulsion showed the lowest decay incidence. Moreover, in the natural decay experiment, the percentage of rotted pears was 3.8% in the CM microemulsion treatment and 5.8% in the control. CM microemulsion delayed the loss of ascorbic acid, yet it had no significant influence on pear qualities such as firmness and color.CONCLUSIONCM microemulsion may be an alternative way to control the gray mold of pears without a negative influence on its qualities. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The psychological effects of prenatal diagnostic procedures: maternal anxiety before and after invasive and noninvasive procedures
Authors: Nakić Radoš Sandra , Košec Vesna , Gall Vesna 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives(1) To examine the change in anxiety before and after prenatal diagnostic procedures in women undergoing invasive (amniocentesis) and noninvasive (ultrasound) procedures; and (2) to examine predictors of anxiety before the diagnostic procedure.MethodsA short‐term follow‐up study was conducted on a sample of pregnant women in the second trimester. Questionnaires were administered to women scheduled for amniocentesis (n = 37) and ultrasonography (n = 37) before and immediately after the procedure. The following questionnaires were administered: the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Affect Intensity Measure, the COPE inventory, and the Optimism–Pessimism Scale.ResultsPrior to the administration of the prenatal diagnostic procedure, measured anxiety levels were the same in both groups of women (p > 0.05). An interaction effect of a two‐way ANOVA revealed that anxiety decreased after the procedure in the ultrasound but not the amniocentesis group (F(1, 72) = 5.01, p = 0.028). Although coping styles and affect intensity were found to be related to anxiety (p < 0.05), they were not significant predictors of anxiety before the diagnostic procedure when controlling for trait anxiety and procedure type.ConclusionAnxiety levels associated with noninvasive but not after invasive, prenatal diagnostics tests decrease immediately following the procedure. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of HMG proteins and H1 with hybrid PNA–DNA junctions
Authors: Totsingan Filbert , Bell Anthony J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inserting peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequences into the protein‐binding surface of an immobilized four‐way junction (4WJ). Here we compare the classic immobile DNA junction, J1, with two PNA containing hybrid junctions (4WJ‐PNA1 and 4WJ‐PNA3). The protein interactions of each 4WJ were evaluated using recombinant high mobility group proteins from rat (HMGB1b and HMGB1b/R26A) and human histone H1. In vitro studies show that both HMG and H1 proteins display high binding affinity toward 4WJ's. A 4WJ can access different conformations depending on ionic environment, most simply interpreted by a two‐state equilibrium between: (i) an open‐x state favored by absence of Mg2+, low salt, and protein binding, and (ii) a compact stacked‐x state favored by Mg2+. 4WJ‐PNA3, like J1, shifts readily from an open to stacked conformation in the presence of Mg+2, while 4WJ‐PNA1 does not. Circular dichroism spectra indicate that HMGB1b recognizes each of the hybrid junctions. H1, however, displays a strong preference for J1 relative to the hybrids. More extensive binding analysis revealed that HMGB1b binds J1 and 4WJ‐PNA3 with nearly identical affinity (KDs) and 4WJ‐PNA1 with two‐fold lower affinity. Thus both the sequence/location of the PNA sequence and the protein determine the structural and protein recognition properties of 4WJs.
Assessing rumination in response to illness: the development and validation of the Multidimensional Rumination in Illness Scale (MRIS)
Authors: Soo H. , Sherman K. A. , Kangas M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The cognitive style of rumination extends existing cognitive models of emotional response to illness. In the absence of a specific measure, we developed the Multidimensional Rumination in Illness Scale (MRIS). In Study 1, an initial 60-item pool was tested, followed by confirmation of the factor structure in Study 2. In Study 1 participants (n = 185) completed the pilot version of the MRIS, then in Study 2 (n = 163) a reduced 41-item model was tested. Study 1: Exploratory factor analysis of a reduced 32-item scale indicated an initial four-factor solution for the MRIS (Intrusion, Brooding, Instrumental, Preventability), with satisfactory internal consistency and stable factor structure across gender. Study 2: Following scale revision, confirmatory factor analysis substantiated the adequacy of a three-factor MRIS structure, and good internal consistency, test-rest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity was demonstrated for the MRIS. The MRIS exhibited good psychometric properties in the current sample, providing a comprehensive assessment of the cognitive style of rumination in the context of physical illness.
A Degree Formula for Secant Varieties of Curves
Authors: Achilles Rüdiger , Manaresi Mirella , Schenzel Peter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUsing the Stückrad–Vogel self-intersection cycle of an irreducible and reduced curve in pro-jective space, we obtain a formula that relates the degree of the secant variety, the degree and the genus of the curve and the self-intersection numbers, the multiplicities and the number of branches of the curve at its singular points. From this formula we deduce an expression for the difference between the genera of the curve. This result shows that the self-intersection multiplicity of a curve in projectiveN-space at a singular point is a natural generalization of the intersection multiplicity of a plane curve with its generic polar curve. In this approach, the degree of the secant variety (up to a factor 2), the self-intersection numbers and the multiplicities of the singular points are leading coefficients of a bivariate Hilbert polynomial, which can be computed by computer algebra systems.
Chevalley Supergroups of Type D(2, 1; a)
Authors: Gavarini F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe present a construction ‘à la Chevalley’ of connected affine supergroups associated with Lie superalgebras of type D(2, 1; a), for any possible value of the parameter a. This extends the results by Fioresi and Gavarini, in which all other simple Lie superalgebras of classical type were considered. The case of simple Lie superalgebras of Cartan type is dealt with in a previous paper by the author, so this work completes the programme of constructing connected affine supergroups associated with any simple Lie superalgebra.