bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Label‐Free Impedimetric Immunosensor for Nerve Growth Factor Protein Constructed Using an Automated Dispensing System
Authors: Holford Timothy R. J. , Holmes Joanne L. , Collyer Stuart D. , Davis Frank , Higson Séamus P. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe describe the development, validation and optimisation of label‐free immunosensors for Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) protein. Screen‐printed carbon electrodes were electrochemically coated with polyaniline, and onto this antibodies to NGF were immobilised using electrostatic or neutravidin‐biotin interactions. These were constructed manually or using an automated liquid dispensing system. QCM demonstrated deposition of individual layer stages and binding of NGF. Studies revealed clear increases in immunosensor impedance following antigen exposure. Automated methodologies produced sensors with lowered sample‐to‐sample variation. Affinity produced electrodes offered higher sensitivities than those produced utilising electrostatic interactions. NGF between 25–1000 pg mL−1 could be determined using the optimised sensor.
Application of a multi‐temporal, LiDAR‐derived, digital terrain model in a landslide‐volume estimation
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Ming , Lin Ching‐Weei , Stark Colin P. , Liu Jin‐Kin , Fei Li‐Yuan , Hsieh Yu‐Chung 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSediments produced by landslides are crucial in the sediment yield of a catchment, debris flow forecasting, and related hazard assessment. On a regional scale, however, it is difficult and time consuming to measure the volumes of such sediment. This paper uses a LiDAR‐derived digital terrain model (DTM) taken in 2005 and 2010 (at 2 m resolution) to accurately obtain landslide‐induced sediment volumes that resulted from a single catastrophic typhoon event in a heavily forested mountainous area of Taiwan. The landslides induced by Typhoon Morakot are mapped by comparison of 25 cm resolution aerial photographs taken before and after the typhoon in an 83.6 km2 study area. Each landslide volume is calculated by subtraction of the 2005 DTM from the 2010 DTM, and the scaling relationship between landslide area and its volume are further regressed. The relationship between volume and area are also determined for all the disturbed areas (VL = 0.452AL1.242) and for the crown areas of the landslides (VL = 2.510AL1.206). The uncertainty in estimated volume caused by use of the LiDAR DTMs is discussed, and the error in absolute volume estimation for landslides with an area >105 m2 is within 20%. The volume–area relationship obtained in this study is also validated in 11 small to medium‐sized catchments located outside the study area, and there is good agreement between the calculation from DTMs and the regression formula. By comparison of debris volumes estimated in this study with previous work, it is found that a wider volume variation exists that is directly proportional to the landslide area, especially under a higher scaling exponent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing Small‐ and Large‐Scale Models of Multicategory Buying Behavior
Authors: Hruschka Harald 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFocusing on the interdependence of product categories we analyze multicategory buying decisions of households by a finite mixture of multivariate Tobit‐2 models with two response variables: purchase incidence and expenditure. Mixture components can be interpreted as household segments. Correlations for purchases of different categories turn out to be much more important than correlations among expenditures as well as correlations among purchases and expenditures of different categories. About 18% of all pairwise purchase correlations are significant. We compare the best‐performing large‐scale model with 28 categories to four small‐scale models each with seven categories. In our empirical study the large‐scale model clearly attains a better forecasting performance. The small‐scale models provide several biased correlations and miss about 50% of the significant correlations which the large scale model detects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polar cap patch segmentation of the tongue of ionization in the morning convection cell
Authors: Zhang Q.‐H. , Zhang B.‐C. , Moen J. , Lockwood M. , McCrea I. W. , Yang H.‐G. , Hu H.‐Q. , Liu R.‐Y. , Zhang S.‐R. , Lester M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo types of poleward moving plasma concentration enhancements (PMPCEs) were observed during a sequence of pulsed reconnection events, both in the morning convection cell: Type L (low density) was associated with a cusp flow channel and seems likely to have been produced by ionization associated with particle precipitation, while Type H (high density) appeared to originate from the segmentation of the tongue of ionization by the processes which produced the Type L events. As a result, the Type L and Type H PMPCEs were interspersed, producing a complex density structure which underlines the importance of cusp flow channels as a mechanism for segmenting and structuring electron density in the cusp and shows the necessity of differentiating between at least two classes of electron density patches.
Evidence of aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation from biogenic emissions in the North American Sonoran Desert
Authors: Youn Jong‐Sang , Wang Zhen , Wonaschütz Anna , Arellano Avelino , Betterton Eric A. , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study examines the role of aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation in the North American Sonoran Desert as a result of intense solar radiation, enhanced moisture, and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). The ratio of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) to organic carbon (OC) nearly doubles during the monsoon season relative to other seasons of the year. When normalized by mixing height, the WSOC enhancement during monsoon months relative to preceding dry months (May–June) exceeds that of sulfate by nearly a factor of 10. WSOC:OC and WSOC are most strongly correlated with moisture parameters, temperature, and concentrations of O3 and BVOCs. No positive relationship was identified between WSOC or WSOC:OC and anthropogenic tracers such as CO over a full year. This study points at the need for further work to understand the effect of BVOCs and moisture in altering aerosol properties in understudied desert regions.
Synthesis of Tetradentate Schiff Base Derivatives of Transition Bimetallic Complexes as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Pervaiz Muhammad , Sagir Muhammad , Zaman Ashhar‐uz , Mushtaq Muhammad , Naz Muhammad Yasin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) bimetallic complexes have been synthesized with the schiff base ligand 2‐(bis‐2‐hydroxyl phenylidene) diimine (L) derived from the condensation of hydrazine and salicylaldehyde. The synthesized ligand and bimetallic complexes were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The characterization of ligand was carried out by FT‐IR, H1NMR, C13NMR and MS while the bimetallic complexes were characterized by FT‐IR and X‐ray crystallographic techniques. The complexes and ligand were employed in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial activities using disc diffusion method. Different fungal strains such as Alternaria Alternate, Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Niger were used to check antifungal activities of bimetallic complexes and ligand. Similarly, the bacterial strains used were Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Subbtilis and Escheria Coli. The biological studies showed that the ligand exhibited lower value of antifungal and antibacterial activities than bimetallic complexes.
Functionalization of Multi Carbon Nanotubes with 1,2‐Naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonic Acid Sodium: A Novel Sulphydryl Compounds Sensor Based on Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Film Using Michael Addition
Authors: Chekin Fereshteh , Toluo Arezoo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe functionalized multi‐wall carbon nanotube with 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonic acid sodium (Nq‐MWNT) was fabricated by a simple and low‐cost method. Techniques of scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the property of the Nq‐MWNT. The results showed that the MWNT with high functionalization of Nq can be obtained using this simple method. The Nq‐MWNT modified carbon paste electrode (Nq‐MWNT/CPE) was fabricated by drop‐casting technique. The resulted modified electrode was tested successfully to detection D‐penicillamine (D‐PA) and captopril (CAP) in an aqueous solution. It is found that D‐PA and CAP participate in Michael addition reaction with Nq on MWNT to form the corresponding thioquinone derivative. The reoxidation of adducts at a potential of less positive than D‐PA and CAP at the surface of the bare CPE leads to an increase in the oxidative current, which is proportional to the concentration of D‐PA and CAP. The catalytic response showed a wide linear range (3‐200 μM and 1‐130 μM for D‐PA and CAP, respectively) as well as its experimental limit of detection can be achieved 0.8 μM, and 0.4 μM for D‐PA and CAP, respectively. The modified electrode for D‐PA and CAP determination is of the property of simple preparation, good stability and high sensitivity. Furthermore, the fabricated electrode was used to determine the content of D‐PA and CAP in the tablet, suggesting the good accuracy of the method.
On hamiltonian properties of 2‐tough graphs
Authors: Bauer D. , Broersma H. J. , Van Den Heuvel J. , Veldman H. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA well‐known conjecture in hamiltonian graph theory states that every 2‐tough graph is hamiltonian. We give some equivalent conjectures, e.g., the conjecture that every 2‐tough graph is hamiltonian‐connected.
Combination of differential evolution algorithm and fast fourier transform for synthesis of footprint patterns from rectangular planar array
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban , Mahanti G. K. , Choudhury Gaurav Das 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAn FFT‐based footprint pattern synthesis from a rectangular planar array of isotropic antennas by modifying the amplitude, phase and the state (‘on’/‘off’) of the array elements using differential evolution algorithm has been presented. Three different footprints of rectangular, square and circular boundaries are generated from the array while maintaining a satisfactory lower peak sidelobe level and ripple. The method greatly reduces the computational time than the conventional method of calculating beam patterns. The dynamic range ratio of the excitation amplitudes are kept below a threshold level to reduce the design complexity of the attenuators at the feed network level and to minimize the effect of mutual coupling among the array elements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modalities of treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis: The EVMS experience
Authors: Sinacori John T. , Taliercio Sal J. , Duong Elizabeth , Benson Chris 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe aims of the study were to identify trends in surgical management of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) based on lesion location, as well as to recognize factors associated with recurrence and repeat surgical intervention.Study DesignThe study is a retrospective review of all adult patients cared for at a tertiary care laryngology practice with a diagnosis of laryngotracheal stenosis between October 2001 and July 2010, following Institutional Review Board approval.MethodsThis study collectively measured demographics, comorbidities, etiologies, sites of stenoses, treatment modalities, and recurrences.ResultsIncisions made with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser were the most common modality of treatment; patients with multilevel tracheal stenosis were most likely to have undergone at least one operation in which the CO2 laser was used to make incisions (78.7%). Balloon dilation was most commonly employed in patients with multilevel tracheal stenosis (66.0%). Lowest rates of decannulation were identified in patients with a pure tracheal stenosis (23.1%). Patients presenting with multilevel tracheal stenosis underwent the most procedures (6.7). Supraglottic, glottic, and multilevel laryngeal stenosis recurred at the lowest rates. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus recurred in an average period of 3.9 months, a shorter time frame than those without diabetes, who recurred every 10.5 months.ConclusionsLaser incision and/or balloon dilation are most effective in treatment of pure glottic, subglottic, and tracheal stenosis. Multilevel tracheal stenosis warrants closer follow‐up, and is more likely to require multiple procedures. Worsening stenosis despite endoscopic management warrants an open procedure. Diabetes is associated with an earlier recurrence of stenosis.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 123:3131–3136, 2013
Three recommendations for evaluating climate predictions
Authors: Fricker Thomas E. , Ferro Christopher A. T. , Stephenson David B. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEvaluation is important for improving climate prediction systems and establishing the credibility of their predictions of the future. This paper shows how the choices that must be made about how to evaluate predictions affect the outcome and ultimately our view of the prediction system's quality. The aim of evaluation is to measure selected attributes of the predictions, but some attributes are susceptible to having their apparent performance artificially inflated by the presence of climate trends, thus rendering past performance an unreliable indicator of future performance. We describe a class of performance measures that are immune to such spurious skill. The way in which an ensemble prediction is interpreted also has strong implications for the apparent performance, so we give recommendations about how evaluation should be tailored to different interpretations. Finally, we explore the role of the timescale of the predictand in evaluation and suggest ways to describe the relationship between timescale and performance. The ideas in this paper are illustrated using decadal temperature hindcasts from the CMIP5 archive. © 2013 The Authors. Meteorological Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Royal Meteorological Society.
Methionine‐induced hyperhomocysteinemia impairs the antioxidant ability of high‐density lipoproteins without reducing in vivo macrophage‐specific reverse cholesterol transport
Authors: Julve Josep , Escolà‐Gil Joan C. , Rodríguez‐Millán Elisabeth , Martín‐Campos Jesús M. , Jauhiainen Matti , Quesada Helena , Rentería‐Obregón Ivy M. , Osada Jesús , Sánchez‐Quesada José L. , Blanco‐Vaca Francisco 
Published: June 2013

ScopeHigh plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease both in humans and experimental animal models, whereas plasma HDL‐cholesterol concentration is inversely correlated with such disorders. This work aimed to study the impact of methionine‐induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on two major antiatherogenic functions of HDL, namely their capacity to prevent LDL oxidation and induce in vivo macrophage‐specific reverse cholesterol transport.Methods and resultsMethionine‐induced HHcy in mice resulted in an approximately 20% decreased concentration of HDL‐cholesterol and HDL main protein component, apolipoprotein A‐I. The HDL potential to resist oxidation as well as to prevent LDL oxidative modification was impaired in hyperhomocysteinemic mice. Activities of paraoxonase‐1 and platelet activation factor acetylhydrolase, two of the main HDL‐associated enzymes with antioxidant activity, were reduced. The ability of HDL to efflux cholesterol from macrophages was decreased in hyperhomocysteinemic mice; however, the in vivo macrophage‐specific reverse cholesterol transport measured as the output of labeled cholesterol into feces did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionOur data indicate that the HDL from methionine‐induced hyperhomocysteinemic mice was more prone to oxidation and displayed lower capacity to protect LDL against oxidative modification than that of control mice, highlighting a mechanism by which a diet‐induced HHcy may facilitate progression of atherosclerosis.
Grenzflächenphänomene an Kohlenstoffnanoröhren
Authors: Hertel Tobias , Brunecker Frank , Rühl Nicolas , Schilling Daniel , Späth Florian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIhre elektronische Struktur macht Kohlenstoffnanoröhren für die Photovoltaik interessant. Über die Prozesse an den Oberflächen solcher Strukturen ist aber noch wenig bekannt. Es ist Zeit, das zu ändern.
Hopfensorten und ihr Aroma
Authors: Kurzweil Peter , Hildebrand Andreas , Riedmayr Anton 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEin Ionenmobilitätsspektrometer, gekoppelt mit einem Gaschromatographen, gibt ohne aufwendige Probenvorbereitung Auskunft darüber, welche Aroma‐ und Bitterstoffe eine Hopfenprobe enthält. Eine automatisierte Auswertemethode hilft, die Daten zuzuordnen. Die Ergebnisse erlauben dann Rückschlüsse auf Hopfensorte und Herkunft.
Mathematical identification of diffuse and localized instabilities in fluid‐saturated sands
Authors: Mihalache Constance , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe mathematical properties of diffuse and localized failure modes in fluid‐saturated sands are investigated. The granular medium is modeled as an elastoplastic solid, and a recently proposed set of scalar indices, here referred to as moduli of instability, is used to identify the onset of potential bifurcations of the incremental response. First, the analytical properties of these moduli are discussed, stressing their dependence on the kinematic constraints associated with the imposed deformation modes. Then, by using an elastoplastic model for sands, drained and undrained loading paths are simulated under axisymmetric, plane‐strain and simple shear conditions. For each deformation mode, the instability moduli are computed and monitored throughout the simulations, with the purpose of elucidating the consequences of changes in control conditions. In addition, it is illustrated that suitable linear transformations allow the same strategy to be used to perform drained or undrained shear band analyses and predict the interval of possible band inclinations. The final comparison against literature experiments on loose Hostun sand shows that the instability moduli are indicators of the loss of resistance against specific modes of deformation. As a result, they can be used to identify and explain a number of failure mechanisms that can be commonly observed in experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory role of the spinal cholinergic system in the control of urethral continence reflex during sneezing in rats
Authors: Yoshikawa Satoru , Kitta Takeya , Miyazato Minoru , Sumino Yasuhiro , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThe urethral continence reflex during stress conditions such as sneezing or coughing is an important mechanism preventing stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Although the spinal noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways are known to modulate this reflex activity, the role of spinal cholinergic pathways in the control of urethral continence reflex has not been elucidated. We therefore investigated the effect of intrathecal administration of an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor, which increases ACh in synaptic terminals, and anti‐cholinergic agents on the sneeze‐induced urethral reflex in rats.MethodsFemale SD rats were anesthetized with urethane. Urethral function was evaluated during sneezing induced by insertion of the rat whisker into the nostril. Effects of an AChE inhibitor, neostigmine, and muscarinic or nicotinic receptor antagonists administered at the level of L6‐S1 spinal cord were examined.ResultsNeostigmine dose‐dependently and significantly decreased the amplitude of urethral responses during sneezing (A‐URS) with an approximately 70% reduction at 3 nmol, without changing urethral baseline pressure. The neostigmine‐induced decrease in A‐URS was significantly reversed by pretreatment with atropine (nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist), methoctramine (M2 receptor antagonist) or 4‐DAMP (M3 receptor antagonist), but not with pirenzepine (M1 receptor antagonist), tropicamide (M4 receptor antagonist), or mecamylamine (nicotinic receptor antagonist).ConclusionsThese results indicate that an increase in endogenous ACh in the lumbosacral spinal cord inhibits the sneeze‐induced urethral continence reflex via activation of M2 and/or M3‐muscarinic receptors, implying the inhibitory role of spinal cholinergic pathways in the control of urethral continence reflex under stress conditions such as sneezing. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:443–448, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of asthma and eczema in population‐based Swedish drug and patient registers
Authors: Örtqvist Anne K. , Lundholm Cecilia , Wettermark Björn , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Ye Weimin , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeValidated measures of asthma and eczema at the population level remain a challenge. Our aim was to ascertain if register‐based information on asthma/eczema medication can function as a proxy for an asthma/eczema diagnosis and to validate register‐based asthma diagnoses.MethodsInformation was requested on all 0–45‐year‐old individuals with reported asthma/eczema medication and/or diagnoses in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and National Patient Register, between July 2005 and December 2009 (N = 250 691). Medical records for 1952 randomly selected individuals were reviewed to estimate the proportion of individuals with the following: (1) asthma/eczema medication that fulfilled predefined criteria of asthma/eczema (positive predictive value (PPV)) and (2) a register‐based asthma diagnosis verified as asthma by predefined criteria.ResultsPositive predictive value for asthma by predefined criteria ranged between 0.75 (95%CI: 0.70–0.78) to 0.94 (95%CI: 0.91–0.96), depending on age group. In pre‐school children, PPV for asthma in combination with obstructive bronchitis was 0.87 (95%CI: 0.83–0.90), and PPV for eczema was estimated to 0.45 (95%CI: 0.38–0.51). Eighty percent of children 0–4.5 years and 99% of children >4.5–17 years with a register‐based diagnosis of asthma were verified as asthmatics.ConclusionAsthma medication is a suitable proxy for asthma in older children and adults; the same approach is insufficient for eczema. This validation study of two Swedish registers opens for future large nation‐wide register‐based studies on asthma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic syntheses of unsaturated polyesters based on isosorbide and isomannide
Authors: Naves Alliny F. , Fernandes Henrique T. C. , Immich Ana P. S. , Catalani Luiz H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe search for materials produced from renewable sources aiming at the substitution of petroleum‐based derivates is an area of intense investigation. In this work, the enzymatic copolymerization of isosorbide or isomannide with diethyl adipate and fractions of different unsaturated diesters (diethyl itaconate, diethyl fumarate, diethyl glutaconate, and diethyl hydromuconate) were examined using CAL‐B as catalyst. The polyesters prepared using one‐step syntheses were characterized by SEC, NMR, and MALDI‐TOF MS. In addition, syntheses with linear diols were carried out in bulk to evaluate the reactivity of cyclic diols in producing unsaturated polyesters using enzymatic catalysis, as well as to evaluate the occurrence of addition side reactions on the double bonds. Isosorbide and isomannide yielded unsaturated polymers with
values in the order of 4,000‐16,000 when fumarate or glutaconate esters were added in 5 mol % ratio against adipate. In all cases MALDI‐TOF confirmed the presence of unsaturated units. Although these polyesters have unreacted double bonds they are prone to crosslinking and ready to further functionalization, like anchoring bioactive molecules. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3881–3891