bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatments of faecal incontinence: recommendations from the French National Society of Coloproctology
Authors: Vitton V. , Soudan D. , Siproudhis L. , Abramowitz L. , Bouvier M. , Faucheron J.‐L. , Leroi A.‐M. , Meurette G. , Pigot F. , Damon H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFaecal incontinence is common and significantly affects quality of life. Its treatment involves dietary manipulation, medical treatments, perineal rehabilitation or surgery. In this paper, the French National Society of Coloproctology offers recommendations based on the data in the current literature, including those on recently developed treatments. There is a lack of high quality data and most of the recommendations are therefore based either on grade of recommendation B or expert recommendation (Level 4). However, the literature supports the construction of an algorithm based on the available scientific evidence and expert recommendation which may be useful in clinical practice. The French National Society of Coloproctology proposes a decision‐making algorithm that includes recent developments of treatment. The current recommendations support sacral nerve modulation as the key treatment for faecal incontinence. They do not support the use of sphincter substitutions except in certain circumstances. Transanal irrigation is a novel often successful treatment of faecal incontinence due to neurological disorders.
MiR‐125b inhibits cell biological progression of Ewing's sarcoma by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Li J. , You T. , Jing J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectives: Increasing evidence has suggested the close relationship between microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation and the carcinogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma (ES), among of which miR‐125b has been reported to be decreased in ES tissues recently. Strikingly, ectopic expression of miR‐125b could suppress cell proliferation of ES cell line A673, suggesting the tumor suppressor role of miR‐125b in ES. However, the other accurate mechanistic functions and relative molecule mechanisms are largely unknown.Materials and Methods: Herein, we completed a series of experiments to investigate the role of miR‐125b in Ewing's sarcoma. We restored the expression of miR‐125b in ES cell line A673 through transfection with miR‐125b mimics. To further understand the role of miR‐125b in ES, we detected the effects of miR‐125b on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, cell cycle as well as cell apoptosis.Results: We found that restored expression of miR‐125b in ES cell line A673 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, arrested cell cycle progression, and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, bioinformatic prediction suggested the oncogene, phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD), was a target gene of miR‐125b in ES cells. Further quantitative RT‐PCR and western blot assays identified over‐expression of miR‐125b suppressed the expression of PIK3CD mRNA and protein. PIK3CD participates in regulating the PI3K signaling pathway, which has been reported to play an important role in the development of ES. Suppression of PIK3CD down‐regulated the expression of phospho‐AKT and phospho‐mTOR proteins and inhibited the biologic progression of A673 cells.Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that miR‐125b functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and may provide potential therapy strategy for ES patients by targeting miRNA expression.
Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Chinese population: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Biyu , Xiao Dan , Wang Chen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsIn recent years, some epidemiological surveys of risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been done in some regions of China, but the relevance is shown different in these surveys. A meta‐analysis was undertaken to assess the relationship between smoking and COPD in Chinese population.MethodsTwenty‐four papers were included in our study. Total number of ever smokers and never smokers were 34 191 and 58 854, the number of COPD cases in each group were 5843 and 4874, respectively. We used meta‐analysis method to analyze the selected papers quantitatively, and stratified by type of study, gender and smoking index.ResultsRisk of COPD for ever smokers is higher than never smokers [odds ratio (OR) 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.22 ∼ 3.80]; after stratifying by gender and smoking index, risks of COPD for male and female ever smokers are higher than male and female never smokers (OR 1.93, 95%CI 1.35 ∼ 2.77; OR 2.67, 95%CI 2.01 ∼ 3.56, respectively); risks of COPD for ever smokers who belong to different smoking index group (1 ∼ 200, 200 ∼ 400, >400, <300, ≥300 cigarettes per day*year) are all higher than never smokers (OR 2.49, 95%CI 1.66 ∼ 3.74; OR 2.91, 95%CI 2.19 ∼ 3.87; OR 4.07, 95%CI 3.17 ∼ 5.23; OR 2.39, 95%CI 1.42 ∼ 4.02; OR 3.31, 95%CI 2.99 ∼ 3.66, respectively).ConclusionsThe risk of COPD is higher for ever smokers than never smokers in Chinese population. The risk of COPD is higher for female smokers than male smokers. The risk of COPD is higher with greater smoking index.
Skin tumors with matrical differentiation: lessons from hair keratins, beta‐catenin and PHLDA‐1 expression
Authors: Battistella Maxime , Carlson John A. , Osio Amélie , Langbein Lutz , Cribier Bernard 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundPilomatricomas are tumors that emulate the differentiation of matrix cells of the hair follicle, showing cortical differentiation, with sequential expression of K35 and K31 keratins. Beta‐catenin gene is frequently mutated in pilomatricoma, leading to beta‐catenin nuclear accumulation, and to downstream expression of LEF1. Skin matrical tumors other than pilomatricoma are very rare, and comprise purely matrical tumors and focally matrical tumors. We aimed at studying cortical differentiation, beta‐catenin pathway and expression of the follicular stem‐cell marker PHLDA1 in a series of matrical tumors other than pilomatricoma.MethodsIn 36 prospectively collected tumors, K31, K35, CK17, LEF1, HOXC13, beta‐catenin and PHLDA1 expressions were evaluated. Five pilomatricomas were used as controls.ResultsIn 18 purely matrical tumors (11 matrical carcinomas, 4 melanocytic matricomas, 3 matricomas) and 18 focally matrical tumors (11 basal cell carcinomas, 3 trichoepithelioma/trichoblastomas, 4 others), sequential K35, HOXC13 and K31 expressions were found, indicating cortical differentiation. Germinative matrix cells were always CK17–, and showed nuclear beta‐catenin accumulation, with LEF1 and PHLDA1 expressions.ConclusionsNuclear beta‐catenin and LEF1 expression was highly conserved in matrical tumors, and suggested a common tumorigenesis driven by Wnt pathway activation. PHLDA1 was consistently expressed in matrical tumors and in areas of matrical differentiation.
Assessment of upper limb capacity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: construct validity of a Rasch‐reduced Modified House Classification
Authors: Geerdink Yvonne , Lindeboom Robert , de Wolf Sander , Steenbergen Bert , Geurts Alexander C H , Aarts Pauline 
Published: February 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to test and improve the unidimensionality and item hierarchy of the Modified House Classification (MHC) for the assessment of upper limb capacity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) using Rasch analysis. The construct validity of the Rasch‐reduced item set was evaluated.MethodModified House Classification items were scored from 369 videotaped assessments of 159 children with unilateral CP (98 males, 61 females; median age 6y 6mo, range 2y 1mo–17y 5mo). Construct validity was tested in 40 other children with unilateral CP (21 males, 19 females; median age 8y 2mo, range 3y 3mo–17y 6mo) by comparing total scores with the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the ABILHAND‐Kids scale.ResultsFifteen MHC items could be included in the Rasch analysis. The excluded items were either too easy or too difficult. Fourteen items fitted the unidimensional model (χ2=41.3, df=39, p=0.37). The hierarchy of these items was different from the original MHC. There was a significant correlation with the MACS (r=−0.901, p<0.001) and the ABILHAND‐Kids scale (r=0.558, p<0.001).InterpretationThe original item hierarchy of the MHC can be improved in order to use its sum score for the assessment of upper limb capacity in children with unilateral CP. The Rasch‐reduced 14‐item MHC with weighted sum score shows good construct validity to measure functional capacity of the affected hand in children with unilateral CP.
Does allometry of a sexually selected ornamental trait vary with sexual selection intensity? A multi‐species test in damselflies
Authors: OUTOMURO DAVID , CORDERO RIVERA ADOLFO , NAVA‐BOLAÑOS ANGELA , CÓRDOBA‐AGUILAR ALEX 
Published: February 2014

Ornaments may show hyperallometry in certain taxa, i.e. large individuals have proportionally larger ornaments than small ones. One hypothesis suggests that higher sexual selection intensity leads to steeper hyperallometric patterns.
This study tested whether an ornamental trait subject to both intra‐ and intersexual selection showed steeper allometric slopes than when subject solely to intrasexual selection.
The study employed the sexually selected male wing pigmentation of 14 calopterygid species (damselflies) that differ in sexual selection intensity (intrasexual selection versus intra‐ and intersexual selection).
Hyperallometry was not a uniform pattern in the study species. Furthermore, the allometric slopes did not differ between sexual selection intensities. The allometry of ornamental traits is therefore highly variable even among related species. Other selection pressures – probably species‐specific and at a local scale – acting on wing pigmentation might explain the diversity of allometric patterns.
Event‐related potential and eye tracking evidence of the developmental dynamics of face processing
Authors: Meaux Emilie , Hernandez Nadia , Carteau‐Martin Isabelle , Martineau Joëlle , Barthélémy Catherine , Bonnet‐Brilhault Frédérique , Batty Magali 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough the wide neural network and specific processes related to faces have been revealed, the process by which face‐processing ability develops remains unclear. An interest in faces appears early in infancy, and developmental findings to date have suggested a long maturation process of the mechanisms involved in face processing. These developmental changes may be supported by the acquisition of more efficient strategies to process faces (theory of expertise) and by the maturation of the face neural network identified in adults. This study aimed to clarify the link between event‐related potential (ERP) development in response to faces and the behavioral changes in the way faces are scanned throughout childhood. Twenty‐six young children (4–10 years of age) were included in two experimental paradigms, the first exploring ERPs during face processing, the second investigating the visual exploration of faces using an eye‐tracking system. The results confirmed significant age‐related changes in visual ERPs (P1, N170 and P2). Moreover, an increased interest in the eye region and an attentional shift from the mouth to the eyes were also revealed. The proportion of early fixations on the eye region was correlated with N170 and P2 characteristics, highlighting a link between the development of ERPs and gaze behavior. We suggest that these overall developmental dynamics may be sustained by a gradual, experience‐dependent specialization in face processing (i.e. acquisition of face expertise), which produces a more automatic and efficient network associated with effortless identification of faces, and allows the emergence of human‐specific social and communication skills.
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias: a systematic review of clinical features
Authors: Rossi M. , Perez‐Lloret S. , Doldan L. , Cerquetti D. , Balej J. , Millar Vernetti P. , Hawkes M. , Cammarota A. , Merello M. 
Published: February 2014

Background and purposeTo assess, through systematic review, distinctive or common clinical signs of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs), also referred to as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) in genetic nomenclature.MethodsThis was a structured search of electronic databases up to September 2012 conducted by two independent reviewers. Publications containing proportions or descriptions of ADCA clinical features written in several languages were selected. Gray literature was included and a back‐search was conducted of retrieved publication reference lists. Initial selection was based on title and abstract screening, followed by full‐text reading of potentially relevant publications. Clinical findings and demographic data from genetically confirmed patients were extracted. Data were analyzed using the chi‐squared test and controlled for alpha‐error inflation by applying the Holms step‐down procedure.ResultsIn all, 1062 publications reviewing 12 141 patients (52% male) from 30 SCAs were analyzed. Mean age at onset was 35 ± 11 years. Onset symptoms in 3945 patients revealed gait ataxia as the most frequent sign (68%), whereas overall non‐ataxia symptom frequency was 50%. Some ADCAs often presented non‐ataxia symptoms at onset, such as SCA7 (visual impairment), SCA14 (myoclonus) and SCA17 (parkinsonism). Therefore a categorization into two groups was established: pure ataxia and mainly non‐ataxia forms. During overall disease course, dysarthria (90%) and saccadic eye movement alterations (69%) were the most prevalent non‐ataxia findings. Some ADCAs were clinically restricted to cerebellar dysfunction, whilst others presented additional features.ConclusionsAutosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias encompass a broad spectrum of clinical features with high prevalence of non‐ataxia symptoms. Certain features distinguish different genetic subtypes. A new algorithm for ADCA classification at disease onset is proposed.
New approach for evaluating habitat stability using scarce records for both historical and contemporary specimens: a case study using Carabidae specimen records
Authors: Osawa Takeshi , Watanabe Kyohei , Ikeda Hiroaki , Yamamoto Shori 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNatural history collections, such as specimen records, are crucial resources for conservation and habitat management. However, these data are usually scarce compared to physical environmental data (e.g., digital terrain maps) that we often have little species data and a lot of physical environmental data with which to evaluate habitats. In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating habitat stability using scarce natural history records and abundant physical environmental data. We used both historical and contemporary specimen records of carabid beetles (areas in which records of the same species were recorded during both periods) and evaluated the attributes of these areas using terrain characteristics. We found two common terrain characteristics among the occupied areas: large total river length and low variation in elevation. These terrain characteristics suggest that habitats of carabid species have been conserved in disturbed and wet environments for a long time. These results are consistent with the ecological characteristics of carabid beetles. Our study shows that scarce natural history collections, combined with ingenuity, can be useful for evaluating habitats.
Interaction between brivaracetam (100 mg/day) and a combination oral contraceptive: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Stockis Armel , Watanabe Shikiko , Fauchoux Nicolas 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐way crossover study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions between brivaracetam 100 mg/day and a combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 μg ethinylestradiol and 150 μg levonorgestrel. The study was performed in 28 healthy women over five 28‐day menstrual cycles: baseline (OC only), two treatment cycles with brivaracetam (50 mg b.i.d.) or placebo coadministered with OC separated by a wash‐out cycle (OC only), and a follow‐up cycle (OC only). The OC was administered on days 1–21 of each cycle, and brivaracetam or placebo on days 1–28 of the treatment cycles. Pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel were determined on day 20; brivaracetam morning trough levels on days 20 (with OC) and 29 (without OC) were compared. Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) and AUC (area under the plasma concentration versus time curve) ratios for brivaracetam versus placebo (90% confidence interval [CI]) were 0.96 (0.88–1.04) and 0.90 (0.86–0.95) for ethinylestradiol, and 0.95 (0.91–0.99) and 0.92 (0.88–0.97) for levonorgestrel, within predefined bioequivalence limits (0.80–1.25). Brivaracetam trough levels were similar on days 20 and 29 (ratio 1.08; 90% CI 0.98–1.18). No differences in breakthrough bleeding were seen across the five cycles. It was concluded that there were no interactions between brivaracetam 100 mg/day and the OC.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Volumetric changes in hippocampal subregions and their relation to memory in pediatric nonlesional localization‐related epilepsy
Authors: Widjaja Elysa , Zamyadi Mojdeh , Raybaud Charles , Snead O. Carter , Smith Mary Lou 
Published: February 2014

SummaryObjectiveDevelopmental differences in structure and function have been reported along the hippocampal subregions. The aims of this study were to determine if there were volumetric differences in hippocampal head (HH), body (HB), tail (HT), and total hippocampus (TotH)) in children with nonlesional localization‐related epilepsy relative to controls, and the relation between hippocampal subregions with episodic memory and clinical parameters.MethodsForty‐eight children with nonlesional localization‐related epilepsy, consisting of 29 left‐sided and 19 right‐sided epilepsy, and 27 healthy controls were recruited. All patients and controls underwent volumetric T1‐weighted imaging, and verbal and nonverbal memory testing. The volume of hippocampal subregions was compared between patients and controls. The associations between left hippocampal subregions with verbal memory; right hippocampal subregions with nonverbal memory; and hippocampal subregions with age, age at seizure onset, and seizure frequency were assessed.ResultsPatients with left‐sided epilepsy had smaller left HH (p = 0.003) and HB (p = 0.012), right HB (p = 0.021) and HT (p = 0.015), and right TotH (p = 0.020) volumes. Those with right‐sided epilepsy had smaller right HT (p = 0.018) volume. There were no statistically significant differences between verbal and nonverbal memory in left‐sided and right‐sided epilepsy relative to controls (all p > 0.025). In left‐sided epilepsy, there was a significant association between left HH volume with verbal memory (β = 0.492, p = 0.001). There was no significant association between left and right hippocampal subregions with verbal and nonverbal memory, respectively, in right‐sided epilepsy and controls (all p > 0.002). In left‐sided and right‐sided epilepsy, there was no significant association between hippocampal subregions with age, age at seizure onset, and seizure frequency (all p > 0.002).SignificanceWe have found hippocampal volume reduction, but did not identify a gradient in the severity of volume reduction along the hippocampal axis in children with localization‐related epilepsy. Further study is needed to clarify if there are volumetric changes within the cornu ammonis subfields and dentate gyrus.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Diagnostic test utilization in evaluation for resective epilepsy surgery in children
Authors: Jayakar Prasanna , Gaillard William D. , Tripathi Manjari , Libenson Mark H. , Mathern Gary W. , Cross J. Helen ,   The Task Force for Paediatric Epilepsy Surgery, Commission for Paediatrics, and the Diagnostic Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy
Published: February 2014

SummaryEpilepsy surgery is highly successful in achieving seizure freedom in carefully selected children with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. Advances in technology have aided presurgical evaluation and increased the number of possible candidates. Many of the tests employed are resource intense, and in specific cases they may be unhelpful or have adverse effects. Some standardization of the evaluation process is thus considered timely. Given the lack of class 1 or 2 evidence defining the relative utility of each test in specific clinicopathologic cohorts, a set of expert recommendations was attempted using consensus among members of the Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commissions of Pediatrics and Diagnostics These recommendations aim to limit fringe over or underutilization of use while retaining substantial flexibility in the use of various tests, in keeping with most standard practices at established pediatric epilepsy centers.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information sectionhere.
Long‐term seizure remission in childhood absence epilepsy: Might initial treatment matter?
Authors: Berg Anne T. , Levy Susan R. , Testa Francine M. , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: February 2014

SummaryObjectiveExamine the possible association between long‐term seizure outcome in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and the initial treatment choice.MethodsChildren with CAE were prospectively recruited at initial diagnosis and followed in a community‐based cohort study. Children presenting with convulsive seizures, significant imaging abnormalities, or who were followed <5 years were excluded. Early outcomes included success of initial medication, early remission, and pharmacoresistance. The primary long‐term outcome was complete remission: ≥5 years both seizure free and medication free. Survival methods were used for analyses.ResultsThe first medication was ethosuximde (ESM) in 41 (69%) and valproic acid (VPA) in 18 (31%). Initial success rates were 59% (ESM) and 56% (VPA). Early remission and pharmacoresistance were similar in each group. Apart from atypical electroencephalography (EEG) features (61% [VPA], 17% [ESM]), no clinical features varied substantially between the treatment groups. Complete remission occurred in 31 children (76%) treated with ESM and 7 (39%) who received VPA (p = 0.007). Children with versus without atypical EEG features were less likely to enter complete remission (50% vs. 71%, p = 0.03). In a Cox regression, ESM was associated with a higher rate of complete remission than VPA (hazards ratio [HR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–6.0; p = 0.03). Atypical EEG features did not independently predict outcome (p = 0.15). Five‐year and 10‐year remission, regardless of continued treatment, occurred more often in children initially treated with ESM versus VPA.SignificanceThese findings are congruent with results of studies in genetic absence models in rats and provide preliminary evidence motivating a hypothesis regarding potential disease‐modifying effects of ESM in CAE.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.