bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Measure Prenatal Stress? A Systematic Review of Psychometric Instruments to Assess Psychosocial Stress during Pregnancy
Authors: Nast Irina , Bolten Margarete , Meinlschmidt Gunther , Hellhammer Dirk H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of literature documents associations of maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy with fetal, infant and child behaviour and development. However, findings across studies are often inconsistent, which may in part be due to differences in stress definitions and assessments.MethodsWe systematically reviewed methods applied to assess maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy in studies looking at associations with biobehavioural outcomes in the offspring. A systematic literature search was performed on Web of Science and PubMed for the time period between January 1999 and October 2009. Psychometric instruments assessing maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy were identified and described if data on psychometric properties were available.ResultsWe identified 115 publications that assessed psychosocial stress during pregnancy with validated methods. These publications applied overall 43 different instruments assessing constructs falling under seven categories, ordered according to their frequency of use: anxiety, depression, daily hassles, aspects of psychological symptomatology (not reduced to anxiety or depression), life events, specific socio‐environmental stressors and stress related to pregnancy and parenting. If available, we provide information on validity and reliability of the instruments for samples of pregnant women.ConclusionsWithin the ‘prenatal stress’ research, a broad range of instruments is applied to assess psychosocial stress during pregnancy. Prenatal stress research should take into consideration that the variety of methods in use might hamper the comparability of stress research results. In each category of stress constructs, one instrument with good psychometric properties in pregnant women is highlighted as the best currently available measure.
Association betweenP3 event‐related potential amplitude and externalizing disorders: A time‐domain and time‐frequency investigation of 29‐year‐old adults
Authors: Yoon Henry H. , Malone Stephen M. , Burwell Scott J. , Bernat Edward M. , Iacono William G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study determined whether time‐domainP3 amplitude and time‐frequency principal component (TF‐PC) reductions are present in adulthood (age 29) when participants have largely passed through the age of heaviest substance misuse. Participants were assessed from age 17 through 29 for lifetime externalizing (EXT) disorders.EEGcomparisons from three topographic regions were examined forP3 amplitude andTF‐PCsat delta and theta frequency ranges. SignificantP3 amplitude reductions were found in those withEXTfor both regional and site‐Pz analyses, with stronger effects observed the greater theEXTcomorbidity. Reductions were also observed in all eightTF‐PCsextracted, with a delta component yielding frontal effects not apparent in the time domain. Overall, results suggest that these brain measures continue, at age 29, to provide effective indices ofEXTthat potentially tap a neural substrate related to behavioral disinhibition.
Subcoracoid Ganglion Cyst in an Adolescent
Authors: Chou Justin , Hirner Marc 
Published: April 2013

Ganglion cyst of the subcoracoid location around the shoulder is uncommon. Most cysts of the shoulder are described in the adult population. No previous English literature has reported symptomatic cyst of this location in children. Ganglion of the shoulder can produce various symptoms from mechanical compression such as pain, limited motion and neuropathic weakness. A thirteen-year-old patient presented with chronic pain of his coracoid process and limited shoulder motion in forward flexion and rotation. Ultrasound scan demonstrated a cystic mass at the base of the coracoid process. MRI suggested this mass consistent with ganglion cyst on T2-weighted images. No labral pathology was found on MRI and diagnostic arthroscopy. The patient underwent arthroscopic exploration and open excisional biopsy. No associated intra-articular pathology was found. Through a deltopectoral approach, a cystic mass was directly identified and excised at the base of the coracoid process and subsequently. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of a ganglion cyst. Postoperatively the symptoms have resolved with improved function. A rare case of ganglion cyst of the subcoracoid location in this young age group was reported. Chronic shoulder pain with impingement can be from mechanical compression of a ganglion cyst. Complete surgical excision is important to prevent recurrence.
An empirical model of subcritical bedform migration
Authors: Martin Lin Chan‐Yi , Venditti Jeremy G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ability to predict bedform migration in rivers is critical for estimating bed material load, yet there is no relation for predicting bedform migration (downstream translation) that covers the full range of conditions under which subcritical bedforms develop. Here, the relation between bedform migration rates and transport stage is explored using a field and several flume data sets. Transport stage is defined as the non‐dimensional Shields stress divided by its value at the threshold for sediment entrainment. Statistically significant positive correlations between both ripple and dune migration rates and transport stage are found. Stratification of the data by the flow depth to grain‐size ratio improved the amount of variability in migration rates that was explained by transport stage toca70%. As transport stage increases for a given depth to grain‐size ratio, migration rates increase. For a given transport stage, the migration rate increases as the flow depth to grain‐size ratio gets smaller. In coarser sediment, bedforms move faster than in finer sediment at the same transport stage. Normalization of dune migration rates by the settling velocity of bed sediment partially collapses the data. Given the large amount of variability that arises from combining data sets from different sources, using different equipment, the partial collapse is remarkable and warrants further testing in the laboratory and field.
Low hemorrhage‐related mortality in trauma patients in a Level I trauma center employing transfusion packages and early thromboelastography‐directed hemostatic resuscitation with plasma and platelets
Authors: Johansson Pär I. , Sørensen Anne Marie , Larsen Claus F. , Windeløv Nis A. , Stensballe Jakob , Perner Anders , Rasmussen Lars S. , Ostrowski Sisse R. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundHemorrhage accounts for most preventable trauma deaths, but still the optimal strategy for hemostatic resuscitation remains debated.Study Design and MethodsThis was a prospective study of adult trauma patients admitted to a Level I trauma center. Demography, Injury Severity Score (ISS), transfusion therapy, and mortality were registered. Hemostatic resuscitation was based on a massive transfusion protocol encompassing transfusion packages and thromboelastography (TEG)‐guided therapy.ResultsA total of 182 patients were included (75% males, median age 43 years, ISS of 17, 92% with blunt trauma). Overall 28‐day mortality was 12% with causes of death being exsanguinations (14%), traumatic brain injury (72%, two‐thirds expiring within 24 hr), and other (14%). One‐fourth, 16 and 15% of the patients, received red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, or platelets (PLTs) within 2 hours from admission and 68, 71, and 75%, respectively, of patients transfused within 24 hours received the respective blood products within the first 2 hours. In patients transfused within 24 hours, the median number of blood products at 2 hours was 5 units of RBCs, 5 units of plasma, and 2 units of PLT concentrates. Nonsurvivors had lower clot strength by kaolin‐activated TEG and TEG functional fibrinogen and lower kaolin–tissue factor‐activated TEG α‐angle and lysis after 30 minutes compared to survivors. None of the TEG variables were independent predictors of massive transfusion or mortality.ConclusionThree‐fourths of the patients transfused with plasma or PLTs within 24 hours received these in the first 2 hours. Hemorrhage caused 14% of the deaths. We introduced transfusion packages and early TEG‐directed hemostatic resuscitation at our hospital 10 years ago and this may have contributed to reducing hemorrhagic trauma deaths.
Evaluation of selective screening of donors for antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi: seroprevalence of donors who answer “no” to risk questions
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Scalia Vito , Goldman Mindy , Fan Wenli , Yi Qi‐Long , Huang Mary , Ndao Momar , Fearon Margaret A. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundSelective testing of donors for Trypanosoma cruzi infection relies on identification of at‐risk donors with screening questions. Using risk modeling and a seroprevalence study, we evaluated the risk of questions failing to identify T. cruzi antibody–positive donors.Study Design and MethodsThe rate of donors with unreported risk was estimated by a telephone survey of 2677 donors who answered “no” to risk questions. The number of T. cruzi antibody–positive donors missed by risk questions was estimated from the product of this rate and the selective testing T. cruzi antibody–positive rate. The 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. To test the model, 60,132 donors were tested for T. cruzi antibody (26% of donors in selected regions, Phase I). In Winnipeg, Manitoba, the highest‐risk region, 26,915 donors were tested (92.5% of donors, Phase II).ResultsIn the telephone survey, 21 (0.8%) donors reported risk factors that would have identified them for selective testing. Seven were born in Mexico or Central or South America, five had travel risk, and nine had mother or maternal grandmother risk. The 95% CI for predicted number of T. cruzi antibody–positive donors answering “no” to risk questions was 0.71 to 4.38. In Phase I, one Winnipeg donor confirmed positive but had answered risk questions correctly. No other positive donations were identified.ConclusionThe estimated risk of T. cruzi–positive donors who answer “no” to risk questions is low and is confirmed by the seroprevalence among these donors.
Evaluation of Regulated Delayed Attenuation Strategies for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Vaccine Vectors in Neonatal and Infant Mice
Authors: Shi Huoying , Wang Shifeng , Curtiss Roy 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe developed regulated delayed attenuation strategies forSalmonellavaccine vectors. In this study, we evaluated the combination of these strategies in recombinant attenuatedSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi andSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium vaccine vectors with similar genetic backgroundsin vitroandin vivo. Our goal is to develop a vaccine to preventStreptococcus pneumoniaeinfection in newborns; thus, all strains delivered a pneumococcal antigen PspA and the impact of maternal antibodies was evaluated. The results showed that all strains with the regulated delayed attenuated phenotype (RDAP) displayed an invasive ability stronger than that of theS.Typhi vaccine strain, Ty21a, but weaker than that of their corresponding wild-type parental strains. The survival curves of different RDAP vaccine vectorsin vitroandin vivoexhibited diverse regulated delayed attenuation kinetics, which was different fromS.Typhi Ty21a and the wild-type parental strains. Under the influence of maternal antibody, the persistence of theS.Typhimurium RDAP strain displayed a regulated delayed attenuation trend in nasal lymphoid tissue (NALT), lung, and Peyer's patches, while the persistence ofS.Typhi RDAP strains followed the curve only in NALT. The bacterial loads ofS.Typhi RDAP strains were lower in NALT, lung, and Peyer's patches in mice born to immune mothers than in those born to naive mothers. In accordance with these results, RDAP vaccine strains induced high titers of IgG antibodies against PspA and againstSalmonellalipopolysaccharides. Immunization of mothers withS.Typhi RDAP strains enhanced the level of vaginal mucosal IgA, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) and resulted in a higher level of protection againstS. pneumoniaechallenge.
Transplantation-Associated Long-Term Immunosuppression Promotes Oral Colonization by Potentially Opportunistic Pathogens without Impacting Other Members of the Salivary Bacteriome
Authors: Diaz Patricia I. , Hong Bo-Young , Frias-Lopez Jorge , Dupuy Amanda K. , Angeloni Mark , Abusleme Loreto , Terzi Evimaria , Ioannidou Effie , Strausbaugh Linda D. , Dongari-Bagtzoglou Anna 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Solid-organ transplant recipients rely on pharmacological immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection. The effect of such chronic immunosuppression on the microflora at mucosal surfaces is not known. We evaluated the salivary bacterial microbiome of 20 transplant recipients and 19 nonimmunosuppressed controls via 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Alpha-diversity and global community structure did not differ between transplant and control subjects. However, principal coordinate analysis showed differences in community membership. Taxa more prevalent in transplant subjects included operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of potentially opportunistic
Gammaproteobacteria
such as
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Pseudomonas fluorescens
,
Acinetobacter
species,
Vibrio
species,
Enterobacteriaceae
species, and the genera
Acinetobacter
and
Klebsiella
. Transplant subjects also had increased proportions of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Acinetobacter
species,
Enterobacteriaceae
species, and
Enterococcus faecalis
, among other OTUs, while genera with increased proportions included
Klebsiella
,
Acinetobacter
,
Staphylococcus
, and
Enterococcus
. Furthermore, in transplant subjects, the dose of the immunosuppressant prednisone positively correlated with bacterial richness, while prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil doses positively correlated with the prevalence and proportions of transplant-associated taxa. Correlation network analysis of OTU relative abundance revealed a cluster containing potentially opportunistic pathogens as transplant associated. This cluster positively correlated with serum levels of C-reactive protein, suggesting a link between the resident flora at mucosal compartments and systemic inflammation. Network connectivity analysis revealed opportunistic pathogens as highly connected to each other and to common oral commensals, pointing to bacterial interactions that may influence colonization. This work demonstrates that immunosuppression aimed at limiting T-cell-mediated responses creates a more permissive oral environment for potentially opportunistic pathogens without affecting other members of the salivary bacteriome.
Molecular and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Analyses Distinguish Clinical from Bovine Escherichia coli O157 Strains
Authors: Vidovic Sinisa , Tsoi Sarah , Medihala Prabhakara , Liu Juxin , Wylie John L. , Levett Paul N. , Korber Darren R. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

A population-based study combining (i) antimicrobial, (ii) genetic, and (iii) virulence analyses with molecular evolutionary analyses revealed segregative characteristics distinguishing human clinical and bovine
Escherichia coli
O157 strains from western Canada. Human (
n
= 50) and bovine (
n
= 50) strains of
E. coli
O157 were collected from Saskatchewan and Manitoba in 2006 and were analyzed by using the six-marker lineage-specific polymorphism assay (LSPA6), antimicrobial susceptibility analysis, the colicin assay, plasmid and virulence profiling including the
eae
,
ehxA
,
espA
,
iha
,
stx
1
,
stx
2
,
stx
2c
,
stx
2d
,
stx
2d-activatable
,
stx
2e
, and
stx
2f
virulence-associated genes, and structure analyses. Multivariate logistic regression and Fisher's exact test strongly suggested that antimicrobial susceptibility was the most distinctive characteristic (
P
= 0.00487) associated with human strains. Among all genetic, virulence, and antimicrobial determinants, resistance to tetracycline (
P
< 0.000) and to sulfisoxazole (
P
< 0.009) were the most strongly associated segregative characteristics of bovine
E. coli
O157 strains. Among 11 virulence-associated genes,
stx
2c
showed the strongest association with
E. coli
O157 strains of bovine origin. LSPA6 genotyping showed the dominance of the lineage I genotype among clinical (90%) and bovine (70%) strains, indicating the importance of lineage I in O157 epidemiology and ecology. Population structure analysis revealed that the more-diverse bovine strains came from a unique group of strains characterized by a high degree of antimicrobial resistance and high frequencies of lineage II genotypes and
stx
2c
variants. These findings imply that antimicrobial resistance generated among bovine strains of
E. coli
O157 has a large impact on the population of this human pathogen.
Detection of Specific Antibodies against Tembusu Virus in Ducks by Use of an E Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Yin Xiuchen , Lv Rang , Chen Xiaodan , Liu Ming , Hua Ronghong , Zhang Yun 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using eukaryotically expressed E protein as the antigen (termed E-ELISA) to detect antibodies to tembusu virus (TMUV) in ducks. The E-ELISA did not react with antisera to other known pathogens, indicating the E protein is specific for recognizing anti-TMUV antibodies. Compared to the serum neutralization test, the specificity and sensitivity of the E-ELISA was 93.2 and 97.8%, respectively. Therefore, this E-ELISA is a sensitive and rapid method for detecting antibodies against TMUV in ducks.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Testing Susceptible to Cefepime by Reference Methods
Authors: Picão Renata C. , Jones Ronald N. , Mendes Rodrigo E. , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

β-Lactam susceptibility of 499
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
, determined by reference broth microdilution, demonstrated that 14.4% of isolates were categorized as cefepime susceptible according to current CLSI breakpoints. Ceftazidime- and meropenem-susceptible isolates were also observed (2.6 and 3.0%, respectively). Cefepime-susceptible KPC-producing isolates may confuse laboratory staff and clinicians in their therapeutic choices.
Molecular Characterization of Endocarditis-Associated Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nethercott Cara , Mabbett Amanda N. , Totsika Makrina , Peters Paul , Ortiz Juan C. , Nimmo Graeme R. , Coombs Geoffrey W. , Walker Mark J. , Schembri Mark A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of the heart endothelium and valves.
Staphylococcus aureus
is a predominant cause of severe IE and is frequently associated with infections in health care settings and device-related infections. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST),
spa
typing, and virulence gene microarrays are frequently used to classify
S. aureus
clinical isolates. This study examined the utility of these typing tools to investigate
S. aureus
epidemiology associated with IE. Ninety-seven
S. aureus
isolates were collected from patients diagnosed with (i) IE, (ii) bloodstream infection related to medical devices, (iii) bloodstream infection not related to medical devices, and (iv) skin or soft-tissue infections. The MLST clonal complex (CC) for each isolate was determined and compared to the CCs of members of the
S. aureus
population by eBURST analysis. The
spa
type of all isolates was also determined. A null model was used to determine correlations of IE with CC and
spa
type. DNA microarray analysis was performed, and a permutational analysis of multivariate variance (PERMANOVA) and principal coordinates analysis were conducted to identify genotypic differences between IE and non-IE strains. CC12, CC20, and
spa
type t160 were significantly associated with IE
S. aureus
. A subset of virulence-associated genes and alleles, including genes encoding staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins, fibrinogen-binding protein, and a leukocidin subunit, also significantly correlated with IE isolates. MLST,
spa
typing, and microarray analysis are promising tools for monitoring
S. aureus
epidemiology associated with IE. Further research to determine a role for the
S. aureus
IE-associated virulence genes identified in this study is warranted.
Monoclonal Antibodies Combined with Adenovirus-Vectored Interferon Significantly Extend the Treatment Window in Ebola Virus-Infected Guinea Pigs
Authors: Qiu Xiangguo , Wong Gary , Fernando Lisa , Ennis Jane , Turner Jeffrey D. , Alimonti Judie B. , Yao Xiaojian , Kobinger Gary P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are currently a promising treatment strategy against Ebola virus infection. This study combined MAbs with an adenovirus-vectored interferon (DEF201) to evaluate the efficacy in guinea pigs and extend the treatment window obtained with MAbs alone. Initiating the combination therapy at 3 days postinfection (d.p.i.) provided 100% survival, a significant improvement over survival with either treatment alone. The administration of DEF201 within 2 d.p.i. permits later MAb use, with protective efficacy observed up to 8 d.p.i.
Adoptive Transfer of Lymphocytes Isolated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239Δnef-Vaccinated Macaques Does Not Affect Acute-Phase Viral Loads but May Reduce Chronic-Phase Viral Loads in Major Histocompatibility Complex-Matched Recipients
Authors: Greene Justin M. , Lhost Jennifer J. , Hines Paul J. , Scarlotta Matthew , Harris Max , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Budde Melisa L. , Dudley Dawn M. , Pham Ngoc , Cain Brian , Mac Nair Caitlin E. , Weiker Madelyn K. , O'Connor Shelby L. , Friedrich Thomas C. , O'Connor David H. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac239Δnef is the most effective SIV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine in preclinical testing. An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for protection may provide important insights for the development of HIV vaccines. Leveraging the uniquely restricted genetic diversity of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques, we performed adoptive transfers between major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched animals to assess the role of cellular immunity in SIVmac239Δnef protection. We vaccinated and mock vaccinated donor macaques and then harvested between 1.25 × 10
9
and 3.0 × 10
9
mononuclear cells from multiple tissues for transfer into 12 naive recipients, followed by challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239. Fluorescently labeled donor cells were detectable for at least 7 days posttransfer and trafficked to multiple tissues, including lung, lymph nodes, and other mucosal tissues. There was no difference between recipient macaques' peak or postpeak plasma viral loads. A very modest difference in viral loads during the chronic phase between vaccinated animal cell recipients and mock-vaccinated animal cell recipients did not reach significance (
P
= 0.12). Interestingly, the SIVmac239 challenge virus accumulated escape mutations more rapidly in animals that received cells from vaccinated donors. These results may suggest that adoptive transfers influenced the course of infection despite the lack of significant differences in the viral loads among animals that received cells from vaccinated and mock-vaccinated donor animals.