bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and transcript profiling of gynoecium development in female sterile Brassica napus mediated by one alien chromosome from Orychophragmus violaceus
Authors: Fu Wen-qin , Zhao Zhi-gang , Ge Xian-hong , Ding Li , Li Zai-yun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
The gynoecium is one of the most complex organs of angiosperms specialized for seed production and dispersal, but only several genes important for ovule or embryo sac development were identified by using female sterile mutants. The female sterility in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was before found to be related with one alien chromosome from another crucifer Orychophragmus violaceus. Herein, the developmental anatomy and comparative transcript profiling (RNA-seq) for the female sterility were performed to reveal the genes and possible metabolic pathways behind the formation of the damaged gynoecium.

Results
The ovules in the female sterile Brassica napus with two copies of the alien chromosomes (S1) initiated only one short integument primordium which underwent no further development and the female gametophyte development was blocked after the tetrad stage but before megagametogenesis initiation. Using Brassica _ 95k_ unigene as the reference genome, a total of 28,065 and 27,653 unigenes were identified to be transcribed in S1 and donor B. napus (H3), respectively. Further comparison of the transcript abundance between S1 and H3 revealed that 4540 unigenes showed more than two fold expression differences. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) showed that a number of important genes and metabolism pathways were involved in the development of gynoecium, embryo sac, ovule, integuments as well as the interactions between pollen and pistil.

Conclusions
DEGs for the ovule development were detected to function in the metabolism pathways regulating brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, adaxial/abaxial axis specification, auxin transport and signaling. A model was proposed to show the possible roles and interactions of these pathways for the sterile gynoecium development. The results provided new information for the molecular mechanisms behind the gynoecium development at early stage in B. napus.
Clustering of developmental delays in Bavarian preschool children – a repeated cross-sectional survey over a period of 12 years
Authors: Stich Heribert L , Krämer Alexander , Mikolajczyk Rafael T 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
While most children display a normal development, some children experience developmental delays compared to age specific development milestones assessed during school entry examination. Data exist on prevalence of delays in single areas, but there is lack of knowledge regarding the clustering patterns of developmental delays and their determinants.

Methods
During the observation period 1997-2008, 12 399 preschool children (5-7 years of age) in one district of Bavaria, Germany, were assessed in twelve schooling-relevant development areas. The co-occurrence of developmental delays was studied by means of Pearson’s correlation. Subsequently, a two-step cluster algorithm was applied to identify patterns of developmental delays, and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify variables associated with the specific patterns.

Results
Fourteen percent of preschool children displayed developmental delays in one and 19% in two or more of the studied areas. Among those with at least two developmental delays, most common was the combination of delays in "fine motor skills" + "grapho-motor coordination" (in 9.1% of all children), followed by "memory/concentration" + "endurance" (5.8%) and "abstraction" + "visual perception" (2.1%). In the cluster analysis, five distinct patterns of delays were identified, which displayed different associations with male gender and younger age.

Conclusions
While developmental delays can affect single areas, clustering of multiple developmental delays is common. Such clustering should be taken into account when developing diagnostic tests, in pediatric practice and considering interventions to reduce delays.
Smoking- and alcohol habits in relation to the clinical picture of women with microscopic colitis compared to controls
Authors: Roth Bodil , Gustafsson Rita J , Jeppsson Bengt , Manjer Jonas , Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Microscopic colitis (MC) induces gastrointestinal symptoms, which are partly overlapping with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), predominately in middle-aged and elderly women. The etiology is unknown, but association with smoking has been found. The aim of this study was to examine whether the increased risk for smokers to develop MC is a true association, or rather the result of confounding factors. Therefore, patients suffering from MC and population-based controls from the same geographic area were studied regarding smoking- and alcohol habits, and other simultaneous, lifestyle factors, concerning the clinical expression of the disease.

Methods
Women at the age of 73 years or younger, who had been treated for biopsy-verified MC at any of the Departments of Gastroenterology in Skåne, between 2002 and 2010, were invited to the study (240 patients). Women (737) from the population-based prospective cohort study, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), served as controls. A self-administered questionnaire about lifestyle factors, gastrointestinal symptoms, medical conditions and medication at the time for the study was sent by post.

Results
Altogether, 131 women with MC could be included after age-matching with controls (median age 56 years) and exclusion of secondary MC. Patients were divided into persistent MC (MC1) and transient MC (MC2). Past smoking was associated with increased risk to develop MC2 (OR = 2.67, 95 CI = 1.15–6.23), whereas current smoking was associated with increased risk to develop MC1 (OR = 3.18, 95 CI = 1.57–6.42). Concomitant symptoms of IBS were associated with smoking (OR = 4.24, 95 CI = 1.92–9.32). Alcohol drinking had no association with MC or IBS.

Conclusions
The results suggest that past smoking is associated with transient MC, whereas current smoking is associated with persistent MC. Smoking is associated with MC patients with concomitant IBS-like symptoms.
Adrenal cortical neoplasms: a study of clinicopathological features related to epidermal growth factor receptor gene status
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Cuiping , Gao Jie , Sun Jian , Zeng Xuan , Wu Shafei , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly malignant neoplasm with limited treatment options.

Methods
In this study, the clinicopathological features of 22 ACCs and 22 adrenocortical adenomas (ACA) were analyzed, and the EGFR protein expression, EGFR gene mutation status and EGFR gene copy number alteration of all tumors were examined using immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the Scorpion Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS), respectively.

Results
EGFR protein expression was detected in 63.6% of the ACC samples, and EGFR FISH was positive in 50% of the ACC samples (all were high polysomy on chromosome 7). In contrast, 27.3% of the ACA samples demonstrated EGFR expression, and none of the ACA samples tested positive by FISH. There were significant differences between the ACC and ACA in terms of protein expression (P = 0.035) and gene copy number alterations (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
EGFR protein expression and high polysomy on chromosome 7 are frequent abnormalities in ACC than in ACA.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2068470757103500.
Exploring metabolism flexibility in complex organisms through quantitative study of precursor sets for system outputs
Authors: Abdou-Arbi Oumarou , Lemosquet Sophie , Milgen Jaap Van , Siegel Anne , Bourdon Jérémie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundWhen studying metabolism at the organ level, a major challenge is to understand the matter exchanges between the input and output components of the system. For example, in nutrition, biochemical models have been developed to study the metabolism of the mammary gland in relation to the synthesis of milk components. These models were designed to account for the quantitative constraints observed on inputs and outputs of the system. In these models, a compatible flux distribution is first selected. Alternatively, an infinite family of compatible set of flux rates may have to be studied when the constraints raised by observations are insufficient to identify a single flux distribution. The precursors of output nutrients are traced back with analyses similar to the computation of yield rates. However, the computation of the quantitative contributions of precursors may lack precision, mainly because some precursors are involved in the composition of several nutrients and because some metabolites are cycled in loops.ResultsWe formally modeled the quantitative allocation of input nutrients among the branches of the metabolic network (AIO). It corresponds to yield information which, if standardized across all the outputs of the system, allows a precise quantitative understanding of their precursors. By solving nonlinear optimization problems, we introduced a method to study the variability of AIO coefficients when parsing the space of flux distributions that are compatible with both model stoichiometry and experimental data. Applied to a model of the metabolism of the mammary gland, our method made it possible to distinguish the effects of different nutritional treatments, although it cannot be proved that the mammary gland optimizes a specific linear combination of flux variables, including those based on energy. Altogether, our study indicated that the mammary gland possesses considerable metabolic flexibility.ConclusionOur method enables to study the variability of a metabolic network with respect to efficiency (i.e. yield rates). It allows a quantitative comparison of the respective contributions of precursors to the production of a set of nutrients by a metabolic network, regardless of the choice of the flux distribution within the different branches of the network.
The value-semantic aspect in a personality of a comprehensive school teacher under the public education ongoing reformation
Authors: Василюта  , Vasilyuta A. 
Published: January 2014

Current reforms in the sphere of public education and
substantial changes in socio-economic conditions would indeed affect
schoolteachers’ personality, particularly in the value-semantic aspect.
To stay professionally efficient and to achieve ambitious goal of further
development and improvement of the comprehensive education system.
Thus of paramount importance is the alignment of the teaching staff’
personal and professional values and the main predestination of a
Teacher’s work.
The Social Ideal of Freedom and its Utopian Side
Authors: Кальней  , Kalney Marina 
Published: January 2014

The article is about social ideal of Freedom and its Utopian
Side. Conservatism and liberalism are compared as two systems of
views. In the article is given analysis of one-sided freedom interpretation
and negative consequences of such interpretation as well as risks of
transformation unrestricted freedom into its opposite.
Features of construction and implementation of the program of education of tolerance among students of professional educational organizations
Authors: Сковородкина  , Skovorodkina I. , Герасимов  , Gerasimov S. 
Published: January 2014

The paper formulates proposals for the organization of the system
tray to promote tolerance among students of profes-sional educational
organizations. This allows, on the one hand, to prepare a graduate who
knows how to live in harmony with yourself and others, to build their lives on
the principles of right and justice, on the basis of mutual respect, enjoyment
of human rights and tolerance, and on the other — in relation to pedagogical
specialties — able to professionally organize the process of formation of
tolerance among students of appropriate age.
Validation of Diagnostic and Procedural Codes for Identification of Acute
Cardiovascular Events in US Veterans with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Davis Lisa A. , Mann Alyse , Cannon Grant W. , Mikuls Ted R. , Reimold Andreas M. , Caplan Liron 
Published: January 2014

Objective: To assess the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases,
Ninth Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes for identifying cardiovascular
(CV) events (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, coronary artery bypass graft [CABG],
and percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) in enrollees of the Veterans Affairs
Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry.Design: We performed a validation study from VARA
enrollment until 6/1/2010 to compare the accuracy of CV events in those with and without
CV-event coding in inpatient and outpatient records to evaluate for CV events +/- 3
months of the coding. The positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated, and codes with
a PPV ≥50% were included in a composite coding algorithm.Results: We evaluated 107
individuals for 21 CV-event codes and 60 individuals without CV-event coding. The PPV
varied between 0-100%. Composite coding algorithms’ PPV ranged from
70-100%.Conclusions: Validation of these algorithms allows for identification of acute
CV events with known accuracy. The sensitivity and PPV of coding algorithms for CABG and
PCI exceed that of stroke and MI.
“La tua Grecia, la quale a me non è Dio”: Martello y Metastasio reinterpretando a Aristóteles
Authors: Ferri-Benedetti Flavio 
Published: January 2014

Martello en 1714 y Metastasio en 1773-1783: dos autores italianos, pertenecientesambos a la Accademia dell’Arcadia, que tratan, por un lado, de reinterpretar y comprender según las novedades literarias y filosóficas de la época los preceptosde la Poética aristotélica (ya tergiversados ampliamente por el recelo de los eruditos del siglo anterior) y, por otro lado, de aplicar esta nueva perspectiva al importante género del teatro musical, el dramma per musica. Buscamos y comparamos aquí los posibles enlaces entre ambos autores en el tratamiento de los preceptos aristotélicos aplicados al rico entramado del teatro barroco tardío y del melodrama.
La crítica de los políticos en la Comedia Antigua
Authors: Soler María José García 
Published: January 2014

La comedia antigua puso su atención en todos los aspectos relacionados con la vida en Atenas haciendo gala de una gran libertad de palabra. Uno de sus blancos principales fueron los políticos que regían la ciudad, criticados sin piedad por su actuación pública, así como por sus características físicas y morales.
Fuentes clásicas sobre la phantasía en el De sculptura de Pomponio Gaurico
Authors: Méndez Sigmund 
Published: January 2014

El De sculptura (1504) de Pomponio Gaurico constituye un notable exponentede la literatura artística neolatina del Renacimiento. El presente artículo se centra en las aportaciones del joven humanista sobre tema de la phantasía aplicadas a la escultura, basadas en diversos conceptos provenientes de fuentes clásicas, en particular, de la esfera de la retórica pero también de la filosofía antigua. Se estudian así términos retóricos como euphantasíotos y enárgeia, o bien kataleptikós, derivado de la filosofía estoica, que constituyen incorporaciones de Gaurico para caracterizar las peculiaridades del proceso creativo del escultor, en sintonía con el intento del autor de estrechar el vínculo entre la cultura escrita y las artes plásticas y la búsqueda renacentista de “elevarlas” al rango de las artes liberales. Asimismo, se revisan algunos de sus apuntes sobre modalidades “imaginarias” del arte antiguo. Todos estos elementos sirven para mostrar la importancia de las reflexiones sobrela phantasía y los procesos interiores y las formas de la invención artística eneste período de esplendor práctico y teórico del arte y el hondo influjo del Mundo Antiguo ejercido en ellas.
Aluminum localization in the cell walls of the mature xylem of maple tree detected by elemental imaging using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)
Authors: Saito Kaori , Watanabe Yoko , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Imai Takanori , Koike Takayoshi , Sano Yuzou , Funada Ryo , Fukazawa Kazumi , Fukushima Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The distribution of aluminum (Al) and other inorganic elements has been mapped at the cellular level in the mature xylem of maple by means of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging. This method permits to image inorganic elements along with organic molecular species with high spatial resolution, and it was demonstrated that Na, K, Ca, and Mg are almost uniformly distributed in several contiguous growth rings of the air-dried wood sample. In contrast, Al was accumulated heterogeneously and intensely in the cell walls of the secondary xylem, including several growth rings, despite the long-term air-drying during storage. These results are interpreted that Al is immobilized within the cell wall, or it is closely interacted with the components of the secondary xylem. TOF-SIMS mapping also shows that Al has a tendency to be localized around vessels in the inner rings.
Prediction of oven-dry density of wood by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Inagaki Tetsuya , Hartley Ian D. , Tsuchikawa Satoru , Reid Matthew 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Wood is relatively transparent to terahertz (THz) radiation with wavelengths in the submillimeter range. This radiation has a high potential for sensing and imaging wood with a good spatial resolution. THz is especially sensitive to moisture content, fiber alignment, and density – all of which are critical in the manufacturing of wood products. In this work, a systematic study was undertaken on 46 very different wood species by means of THz time-domain spectroscopy with density determination in focus. The dielectric response of wood was modeled based on the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory. The dielectric function of the cell wall material was found to be extremely consistent over this large number of species with very different properties. This renders possible to determine wood density by THz time-domain spectroscopy. A strong correlation between the measured and predicted densities has been observed for all the samples investigated.
Advanced, Cost-Based Indices for Forecasting the Generation of Photovoltaic Power
Authors: Bracale Antonio , Carpinelli Guido , Di Fazio Annarita , Khormali Shahab 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Distribution systems are undergoing significant changes as they evolve toward the grids of the future, which are known as smart grids (SGs). The perspective of SGs is to facilitate large-scale penetration of distributed generation using renewable energy sources (RESs), encourage the efficient use of energy, reduce systems’ losses, and improve the quality of power. Photovoltaic (PV) systems have become one of the most promising RESs due to the expected cost reduction and the increased efficiency of PV panels and interfacing converters. The ability to forecast power-production information accurately and reliably is of primary importance for the appropriate management of an SG and for making decisions relative to the energy market. Several forecasting methods have been proposed, and many indices have been used to quantify the accuracy of the forecasts of PV power production. Unfortunately, the indices that have been used have deficiencies and usually do not directly account for the economic consequences of forecasting errors in the framework of liberalized electricity markets. In this paper, advanced, more accurate indices are proposed that account directly for the economic consequences of forecasting errors. The proposed indices also were compared to the most frequently used indices in order to demonstrate their different, improved capability. The comparisons were based on the results obtained using a forecasting method based on an artificial neural network. This method was chosen because it was deemed to be one of the most promising methods available due to its capability for forecasting PV power. Numerical applications also are presented that considered an actual PV plant to provide evidence of the forecasting performances of all of the indices that were considered.
Adrenal insufficiency in a woman secondary to standard-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate therapy
Authors: Hay Casey M , Spratt Daniel I 
Published: January 2014

SummaryA 55-year-old woman with asthma presented with adrenal insufficiency of unknown origin. She was referred to our Division of Reproductive Endocrinology to further evaluate an undetectable morning cortisol level discovered during the evaluation of a low serum DHEA-S level. She was asymptomatic other than having mild fatigue and weight gain. Her medication list included 220 μg of inhaled fluticasone propionate twice daily for asthma, which she was taking as prescribed. On presentation, the undetectable morning cortisol level was confirmed. A urinary measurement of fluticasone propionate 17β-carboxylic acid was markedly elevated. Fluticasone therapy was discontinued and salmeterol therapy initiated with supplemental hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone therapy was discontinued after 2 months. A repeat urinary fluticasone measurement 4 months after the discontinuation of fluticasone therapy was undetectably low and morning cortisol level was normal at 18.0 μg/dl. Inhaled fluticasone is generally considered to be minimally systemically absorbed. This patient's only clinical evidence suggesting adrenal insufficiency was fatigue accompanying a low serum DHEA-S level. This case demonstrates that adrenal insufficiency can be caused by a routine dose of inhaled fluticasone. Missing this diagnosis could potentially result in adrenal crisis upon discontinuation of fluticasone therapy.Learning pointsStandard-dose inhaled fluticasone can cause adrenal insufficiency.Adrenal insufficiency should be considered in patients taking, or who have recently discontinued, inhaled fluticasone therapy and present with new onset of nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, depression, myalgia, arthralgia, unexplained weight loss, and nausea that are suggestive of adrenal insufficiency.Adrenal insufficiency should be considered in postoperative patients who exhibit signs of hypoadrenalism after fluticasone therapy has been withheld in the perioperative setting.Routine screening for hypoadrenalism in patients without clinical signs or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency after the discontinuation of inhaled fluticasone therapy is not indicated due to the apparently low incidence of adrenal insufficiency caused by fluticasone.