bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the diffusion plugging mechanism of flowing water grouting slurry in karst pipelines
Authors: Liu Shuai , Peng Bo , Liu Jie , Wang Ming yuan , Li Gang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmong the many adverse geological disasters, the surge water disaster in karst areas causes the greatest loss to underground engineering construction, so it is necessary to carry out relevant research on the management of surge water disaster in karst pipelines. This study presents the creation of an oily epoxy resin magnetic convergence grouting material (OEMS) specifically developed to prevent water infiltration in pipelines. A self-designed visual karst pipeline grouting simulation system was used to conduct an experimental study on the diffusion and plugging behavior of magnetic slurry grouting. A model was constructed to simulate the migration of a magnetic slurry in water inrush circumstances. The model is based on the theory of slurry diffusion and the concept of magnetic adsorption. The results suggest that:(i) The best performance in grouting sealing is achieved when the ratio of new OEMS epoxy resin A liquid to B liquid is 2:1, and the blending ratio of flyash and Fe3O4 powder falls between 25 and 55%. (ii) The primary and secondary correlations among the parameters that affect the rate of change in flow rate, plugging pressure, and slurry retention rate are as follows: Hydrodynamic velocity has the greatest correlation, followed by plugging length, Fe3O4 power ratio, and flyash mixture ratio. (iii) The validity of the model is verified by comparing empirical observations with calculated theoretical values.
Investigation of antibacterial and anticancer activities of copper, aluminum and nickel doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles
Authors: Munir Tariq , Mahmood Arslan , Ali Irfan , Abbas Numan , Sohail Amjad , Arshia  , Khan Yasin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFirst time compared the different metals doped ZnS nanoparticles for antibacterial and liver cancer cell line. In this study, copper, aluminum and nickel doped ZnS NPs were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The XRD analysis was confirmed the presence of cubic crystal structure and crystallite size decreased from 6 to 3 nm with doping elements. While as SEM micro-grains were revealed slightly irregular and agglomerated morphology with the presence of dopant elements. The presence of different dopant elements such as Cu, Al and Ni in ZnS NPs was identified via EDX analysis. The FTIR results demonstrate various vibrational stretching and bending modes attached to the surface of ZnS nanomaterials. After that the well diffusion method was used to conduct in-vitro bioassays for evaluation of antibacterial and anticancer activities against E.coli and B.cereus, as well as HepG2 liver cancer cell line. Our findings unveil exceptional results with maximum inhibition zone of approximately 9 to 23 mm observed against E.coli and 12 to 27 mm against B.cereus, respectively. In addition, the significant reduction in cell viability was achieved against the HepG2 liver cancer cell line. These favorable results highlight the potential of Ni doped ZnS NPs for various biomedical applications. In future, the doped ZnS nanomaterials will be suitable for hyperthermia therapy and wound healing process.
Rapid morphological change in UK populations of Impatiens glandulifera
Authors: Wyatt A. L. , Pardoe H. S. , Cleal C. J. , Sánchez Vilas J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe highly invasive Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is one of the most prolific and widespread invasive plants in the British Isles. Introduced in the early nineteenth century, it has now been reported in almost every vice county across the UK and is a fierce competitor that has adverse effects on the local community structure. Despite the negative impacts that invaders like I. glandulifera have on local communities, there have been very few studies which address the morphological changes that invasive plant populations have undergone since their initial introduction. This is the first study of its kind to investigate the morphological changes that have occurred in I. glandulifera. 315 herbarium specimens dating from 1865 to 2017 were used to measure changes in morphological traits such as leaf size, flower length and stomatal characteristics. We found that since 1865, there has been a significant reduction in overall leaf size, a significant reduction in stomatal density and a significant increase in the overall flower length. These results highlight the importance of monitoring the evolutionary change in prolific alien species over the course of their invasion, providing useful insights into changes in competitive ability which may prove useful in managing dispersal and providing options for potential management.
Study on the effect of geometrical and operational parameters on performance dynamics of modified rotary blades using DEM
Authors: Nalawade Rohit Dilip , Singh Krishna Pratap , Roul A. K. , Agrawal K. N. , Sonawane Shital , Mahore Aman , Patel Abhishek , Kumar Mohit , Shelake Pramod , Salem Ali , Elbeltagi Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe geometric features and operational parameters of rotary blades on rotary tillers significantly impact their performance characteristics. The sweepback angle is a geometric feature of the 'L'-shaped rotary blade that has remained unexplored in previous studies. This study aimed to analyze the effect of geometrical and operational parameters on the performance dynamics of the 'L'-shaped rotary blade. The investigation was conducted using the discrete element method (DEM) and further validated through experiments conducted in a soil bin. The simulation experiment was conducted by dividing the particle bed into horizontal particle zones. The effect of the geometrical (sweepback angle) and operational parameters (forward speed, rotational speed, and depth) on the power requirement, disturbance intensity, and mixing index was studied. The novel method was adopted to determine the mixing capability of rotary blades in terms of sub-domain mixing index (SMI) and overall mixing index (OMI). The results revealed that the power requirements for a sweepback angle of 18° were 26.39% and 16.50% lower than those for sweepback angles of 6° and 12°, respectively. The sweepback angle tends to have the least effect on the overall mixing index compared to operational parameters. The average particle velocity decreased by 22.19% and 29.60% with sweepback angles of 12° and 18°, respectively, compared to the sweepback angle of 6°. The relative error during the experiment varied between 1.29% and 13.51%. It was concluded that the sweepback angle was found to be a feasible option for reducing the power requirement with good mixing indices.
Enhancing spectral analysis in nonlinear dynamics with pseudoeigenfunctions from continuous spectra
Authors: Sakata Itsushi , Kawahara Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe analysis of complex behavior in empirical data poses significant challenges in various scientific and engineering disciplines. Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a widely used method to reveal the spectral features of nonlinear dynamical systems without prior knowledge. However, because of its infinite dimensions, analyzing the continuous spectrum resulting from chaos and noise is problematic. We propose a clustering-based method to analyze dynamics represented by pseudoeigenfunctions associated with continuous spectra. This paper describes data-driven algorithms for comparing pseudoeigenfunctions using subspaces. We used the recently proposed Residual Dynamic Mode Decomposition (ResDMD) to approximate spectral properties from the data. To validate the effectiveness of our method, we analyzed 1D signal data affected by thermal noise and 2D-time series of coupled chaotic systems exhibiting generalized synchronization. The results reveal dynamic patterns previously obscured by conventional DMD analyses and provide insights into coupled chaos’s complexities.
Sensory analysis of the flavor profile of full immersion hot, room temperature, and cold brewed coffee over time
Authors: Liang Jiexin , Batali Mackenzie E. , Routt Catherine , Ristenpart William D. , Guinard Jean-Xavier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the growing popularity of cold brewed coffee comes a need for brewing efficiency while preserving the desirable flavor profile. Despite the wide use of full immersion brewing techniques, the effect of brew time on the dynamic sensory profiles of full immersion brewed coffee remains underexplored. Here, we investigated the relationship between coffee sensory quality and extraction dynamics, measured as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Extraction (E) of full immersion brewed coffee at various roast levels, and brewing temperatures (4 °C, 22 °C and 92 °C), over brew time using a generic descriptive analysis method. Specifically, different brew time points were selected for different temperatures based on five targeted coffee extraction stages. Furthermore, the unique experimental design also explored a sensory-driven engineering research process. Roast level had the greatest impact on the sensory profile of the coffees, followed by brewing temperature, but brew time, especially the longer brew times as TDS plateaued, had subtler impacts than expected. Twenty-five of 28 sensory attributes were significantly different among the 30 coffee samples, indicating a single source green coffee blend can produce a wide range of complex sensory profiles using different combinations of roast level, temperature, and brew time. Specifically, the intensity of sweetness was negatively correlated with TDS, and 19 other attribute intensities were positively correlated with TDS. Interestingly, we found that certain long time cold brews had similar sensory profiles to those of some short time hot brews, suggesting the sensory profiles of certain hot brews and cold brews could possibly be matched through controlled preparation. Overall, our study demonstrated an approach of integrating food engineering and sensory analysis for product development, and our findings provide valuable insights into the extraction dynamics and sensory quality of full immersion brewed coffee and opens new brewing avenues for the coffee industry.
Multi-modal transformer architecture for medical image analysis and automated report generation
Authors: Raminedi Santhosh , Shridevi S. , Won Daehan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMedical practitioners examine medical images, such as X-rays, write reports based on the findings, and provide conclusive statements. Manual interpretation of the results and report generation by examiners are time-consuming processes that lead to potential delays in diagnosis. We propose an automated report generation model for medical images leveraging an encoder–decoder architecture. Our model utilizes transformer architectures, including Vision Transformer (ViT) and its variants like Data Efficient Image Transformer (DEiT) and BERT pre-training image transformer (BEiT), as an encoder. These transformers are adapted for processing to extract and gain visual information from medical images. Reports are transformed into text embeddings, and the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT2) model is used as a decoder to generate medical reports. Our model utilizes a cross-attention mechanism between the vision transformer and GPT2, which enables it to create detailed and coherent medical reports based on the visual information extracted by the encoder. In our model, we have extended the report generation with general knowledge, which is independent of the inputs and provides a comprehensive report in a broad sense. We conduct our experiments on the Indiana University X-ray dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of our models. Generated medical reports from the model are evaluated using word overlap metrics such as Bleu scores, Rouge-L, retrieval augmentation answer correctness, and similarity metrics such as skip thought cs, greedy matching, vector extrema, and RAG answer similarity. Results show that our model is performing better than the recurrent models in terms of report generation, answer similarity, and word overlap metrics. By automating the report generation process and incorporating advanced transformer architectures and general knowledge, our approach has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of medical image analysis and report generation.
Optimal routing and end-to-end entanglement distribution in quantum networks
Authors: Halder Joy , Rajabov Akhmadjon , Bassoli Riccardo , Fitzek Frank H. P. , Fettweis Gerhard P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum networks are designed to transmit quantum bits (qubits) among quantum devices to enable new network resources for the applications. Entanglement distribution and entanglement swapping are fundamental procedures that are required in several network operations. However, they are probabilistic operations, which can lead to severe network performance degradation. This article investigates the engineering problem of resource allocation in quantum networks, considering factors like entanglement distribution probability, quantum memory characteristics, and fidelity. We model this as an optimization model to obtain an optimal solution. In particular, we formulate an integer linear programming (ILP) and develop a heuristic algorithm, aiming to minimize the number of required entangled qubit pairs (Bell pairs or EPR pairs) in any adjacent pair in the quantum network. Extensive simulations are performed to compare the performance of proposed ILP and heuristic. In all the cases, the heuristic produces a comparable solution to the optimal one. Simulation results ensure that the value of maximum utilized Bell pairs in a quantum network highly depends on the value of the probability of entangled pairs established, considering the time in the quantum memory besides the number of incoming requests.
Efficacy of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics on cell turnover, immune responses, and oxidative stress in the jejunal mucosa of young pigs
Authors: Duarte Marcos Elias , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effects of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics on cell turnover, immune responses, and oxidative stress in the jejunal mucosa of pigs. Thirty-two newly weaned pigs at 6.05 ± 0.24 kg were assigned to two dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design. The treatments were control group receiving a basal diet and a group supplemented with Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics (175 g/ton diet) in the basal diet. After 35 d of the study, pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa were collected to assess immune status, oxidative stress, barrier markers, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics reduced (P < 0.05) the fecal score from d 3 to d 7 and tended to increase the gene expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (P = 0.071) and mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P = 0.080), decrease the gene expression of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein 1 (BAX1) (P < 0.05), tended to decrease the gene expression of serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) (P = 0.066), increased (P < 0.05) cell proliferation in the crypts, and tended to increase the villus height (P = 0.078) and crypt depth (P = 0.052) in the jejunum. In conclusion, the supplementation of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics in nursery diets reduced diarrhea within the first week after weaning and provided protection to the villi in the jejunum by enhancing the immune responses of nursery pigs, promoting crypt cell proliferation, and reducing the expression of genes associated with apoptosis without affecting inflammatory and oxidative stress status in the jejunum of the nursery pigs.
Interplay of atmosphere and ocean amplifies summer marine extremes in the Barents Sea at different timescales
Authors: Eisbrenner Ezra , Chafik Léon , Åslund Oskar , Döös Kristofer , Muchowski Julia C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMarine extremes are recognized to cause severe ecosystem and socioeconomic impacts. However, in polar regions, such as the Barents Sea, the driving mechanisms of these extremes remain poorly understood and require careful consideration of the observed long-term ocean warming. Here we show that on short time scales of a few days, marine heatwaves and marine cold spells are dynamically driven by a dipole atmospheric circulation pattern between the Nordic Seas and the Barents Sea. Importantly, the dipole’s eastern component determines anomalies in shortwave radiation and latent heat fluxes. On interannual time scales, both changes in ocean heat supply and persistent atmospheric patterns can support severe marine extremes. We apply conventional marine heatwave detection methodology to OISSTv2 data, for the period of 1982–2021, and combine the analysis with ERA5 data to identify drivers. The ocean-atmosphere interplay across scales provides valuable information that can be integrated into fisheries and ecosystem management frameworks.
Leveraging the Mukaiyama oxidation–reduction condensation reaction for on-resin aryl thio-esterification for bio-conjugation
Authors: Siow Andrew , Harris Paul W. R. 
Published: August 2024

A one-pot mild arylthioesterification Fmoc-based methodology has been developed to afford aryl Cα-terminal peptide thioesters on-resin. This work provides thiol-based auxiliaries employed in peptide/protein synthesis via native-chemical ligations.
Resistance, regulation, and governmentality: interrogating the defunding of homeopathy in France and England (2000 to 2022)
Authors: Ashworth Michael , Cloatre Emilie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper employs a governmentality framework to explore resistance by CAM sceptics to homeopathy’s partial settlement in the public health systems of England and France, resulting in its defunding in both countries in 2018 and 2021, respectively. While partly dependent upon long-standing problematisations (namely, that homeopathy’s ability to heal is unproven, its mechanisms implausible, and its consequences for patients potentially dangerous), the defunding of homeopathy was also driven by the conduct of CAM sceptics, who undermined homeopathy’s position in strikingly different ways in both contexts. This difference, we suggest, is a consequence of the diverging regulatory arrangements surrounding homeopathy (and CAMs more generally) in England and France—and the ambivalent effects of CAM’s regulation. If law and regulation have been a key component of CAM’s integration and (partial) acceptance over the past four decades, the fortunes of homeopathy in England and France highlight their unpredictability as techniques of governmentality: just as the formal regulatory systems in England and France have helped to normalise homeopathy in different ways, they have also incited and galvanised opposition, providing specific anchor-points for resistance by CAM sceptics.
The Orbitron: A crossed-field device for co-confinement of high energy ions and electrons
Authors: Affolter M. , Thompson R. , Hepner S. , Hayes E. C. , Podolsky V. , Borghei M. , Carlsson J. , Gargone A. , Merthe D. , McKee E. , Langtry R. 
Published: August 2024

To explore the confinement of high-energy ions above the space charge limit, we have developed a hybrid magnetic and electrostatic confinement device called an Orbitron. The Orbitron is a crossed-field device combining aspects of magnetic mirrors, magnetrons, and orbital ion traps. Ions are confined in orbits around a high-voltage cathode with co-rotating electrons confined by a relatively weak magnetic field. Experimental and computational investigations focus on reaching ion densities above the space charge limit through the co-confinement of electrons. The experimental apparatus and suite of diagnostics are being developed to measure the critical parameters, such as plasma density, particle energy, and fusion rate for high-energy, non-thermal plasma conditions in the Orbitron. Initial results from experimental and computational efforts have revealed the need for cathode voltages on the order of 100–300 kV, leading to the development of a custom high voltage, ultra-high vacuum bushing rated for 300 kV.
Modeling swift heavy ion irradiation of substrate-supported two-dimensional material via two-temperature molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Shi Tan , Xu Xiqiang , Wan Hao , Jia Pei , Zhang Ping , He Huan , Gao Rui , Lu Chenyang 
Published: August 2024

This study employs two-temperature molecular dynamics simulations to investigate swift heavy ion irradiation of SiO2 substrate-supported two-dimensional material graphene. Material-dependent electronic and thermal properties are integrated into each region to model the energy transfer between the electronic and atomic subsystems of the studied materials. Simulations of interactions with Xe heavy ions are performed with ion kinetic energies ranging from 0.5 to 25 GeV with electronic stopping powers from ∼2.6 to 17.7 keV/nm. With the studied ion energy range, nanopores with a diameter of up to 5 nm can be formed in graphene due to the thermally driven sputtering effect, while amorphization occurs along the ion track in the SiO2 substrate. The coupling between the substrate and two-dimensional material significantly impacts the structural change due to heat transfer and atomic interactions among different layers of materials. The method applied in this work provides a valuable tool for modeling and understanding the structural modifications induced by ion irradiation in layered structures.
Thermodynamic topology of quantum corrected AdS-Reissner-Nordstrom black holes in Kiselev spacetime
Authors: Sadeghi Jafar , Gashti Saeed Noori , Alipour Mohammad Reza , Afshar Mohammad Ali S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the intricate thermodynamic topology of quantum-corrected Anti-de Sitter-Reissner-Nordstrm (AdS-RN) black holes within the framework of Kiselev spacetime. By employing the generalized off-shell Helmholtz free energy approach, we meticulously compute the thermodynamic topology of these selected black holes. Furthermore, we establish their topological classifications. Our findings reveal that quantum correction terms influence the topological charges of black holes in Kiselev spacetime, leading to novel insights into topological classifications. Our research findings elucidate that, in contrast to the scenario in which ω = 0 and a = 0.7 with total topological charge W = 0 and ω = –4/3 with total topological charge W = –1, in other cases, the total topological charge for the black hole under consideration predominantly stabilizes at +1. This stabilization occurs with the significant influence of the parameters a, c, and ω on the number of topological charges. Specifically, when ω assumes the values of ω = –1/3, ω = –2/3, and ω = –1, the total topological charge will consistently be W = +1.
The Impersonal Poet Reads in Person
Authors: Howarth Peter B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite admiring live performance all his life, T. S. Eliot dreaded reading in person, partly because his poems were multiply voiced and hard to read, and but partly because he had become most celebrated as the poet of impersonality, for whom a personal reading might seem a contradiction in terms. But ‘impersonality’ was originally an idea about how performers work, and Eliot’s technique of distancing himself from the poems he read could also turn the ‘impersonal’ into a dramatic technique. Through the way he performed the manic, sobbing, or pleading voices of The Waste Land and ‘Coriolan’, Eliot moved the occasion away from a revelation of his poem’s biographical sources towards a subtle recognition of the poet’s personal vulnerabilities, as a public figure kept there by his listeners’ projections. In a reading for a Jewish audience in New York, the metacommunication of these poems becomes a tacit bid for understanding, and possibly an apology.