bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The US hospital standardised mortality ratio: Retrospective database study of Massachusetts hospitals
Authors: Alexandrescu Roxana , Bottle Alex , Hua Jen Min , Jarman Brian , Aylin Paul 
Published: January 2015

Summary Objectives To present a case-mix adjustment model that can be used to calculate Massachusetts hospital standardised mortality ratios and can be further adapted for other state-wide data-sets. Design We used binary logistic regression models to predict the probability of death and to calculate the hospital standardised mortality ratios. Independent variables were patient sociodemographic characteristics (such as age, gender) and healthcare details (such as admission source). Statistical performance was evaluated using c statistics, Brier score and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Setting Massachusetts hospitals providing care to patients over financial years 2005/6 to 2007/8. Patients 1,073,122 patients admitted to Massachusetts hospitals corresponding to 36 hospital standardised mortality ratio diagnosis groups that account for 80% of in-hospital deaths nationally. Main outcome measures Adjusted in-hospital mortality rates and hospital standardised mortality ratios. Results The significant factors determining in-hospital mortality included age, admission type, primary diagnosis, the Charlson index and do-not-resuscitate status. The Massachusetts hospital standardised mortality ratios for acute (non-specialist) hospitals ranged from 60.3 (95% confidence limits 52.7–68.6) to 130.3 (116.1–145.8). The reference standard hospital standardised mortality ratio is 100 with the values below and above 100 suggesting either random or special cause variation. The model was characterised by excellent discrimination (c statistic 0.87), high accuracy (Brier statistics 0.03) and close agreement between predicted and observed mortality rates. Conclusions We have developed a case-mix model to give insight into mortality rates for patients served by hospitals in Massachusetts. Our analysis indicates that this technique would be applicable and relevant to Massachusetts hospital care as well as to other US hospitals.
Raised intracranial pressure following abdominal closure in a polytrauma patient
Authors: Hendrickson Susan , Chacko Liza , Wilson Mark H 
Published: January 2015

Lesson We report a polytrauma case requiring simultaneous neurosurgery and laparotomy. Upon abdominal closure, raised intracranial pressure occurred. This illustrates the important physiological interplay between body compartments in critical care patients.
DNA methylation profiling identifies two splenic marginal zone lymphoma subgroups with different clinical and genetic features
Authors: Arribas Alberto J. , Rinaldi Andrea , Mensah Afua A. , Kwee Ivo , Cascione Luciano , Robles Eloy F. , Martinez-Climent Jose A. , Oscier David , Arcaini Luca , Baldini Luca , Marasca Roberto , Thieblemont Catherine , Briere Josette , Forconi Francesco , Zamò Alberto , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Mollejo Manuela , Facchetti Fabio , Dirnhofer Stephan , Ponzoni Maurilio , Bhagat Govind , Piris Miguel A. , Gaidano Gianluca , Zucca Emanuele , Rossi Davide , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: January 2015

Key PointsMethylation profiling identifies subgroups of SMZL with distinct biological features. Demethylating agents can reverse some of the adverse epigenetic alterations.
Ceramide-1-phosphate inhibits cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation
Authors: Baudiß Kristin , Ayata Cemil Korcan , Lazar Zsofia , Cicko Sanja , Beckert Jessica , Meyer Anja , Zech Andreas , Vieira Rodolfo Paula , Bittman Robert , Gómez-Muñoz Antonio , Merfort Irmgard , Idzko Marco 
Published: January 2015

Sphingolipids are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The central molecule is ceramide, which can be converted into ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P). Although C1P can exert anti- and pro-inflammatory effects, its influence on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation is unknown. We aimed to clarify the role of C1P in the pathogenesis of CS-triggered pulmonary inflammation and emphysema in humans and mice.The effects of C1P were addressed on CS-induced lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice, CS extract-triggered activation of human airway epithelial cells (AECs) and neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by flow cytometry and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Expression and DNA binding of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) were quantified by PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift and fluorometric assays.C1P reduced CS-induced acute and chronic lung inflammation and development of emphysema in mice, which was associated with a reduction in nSMase and NF-κB activity in the lungs. nSMase activity in human serum correlated negatively with forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted. In human AECs and neutrophils, C1P inhibited CS-induced activation of NF-κB and nSMase, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release.Our results suggest that C1P is a potential target for anti-inflammatory treatment in CS-induced lung inflammation.
Unified baseline and longitudinal mortality prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ley Brett , Bradford Williamson Z. , Weycker Derek , Vittinghoff Eric , du Bois Roland M. , Collard Harold R. 
Published: January 2015

The Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) model is a validated, baseline-risk prediction model for mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Longitudinal variables have been shown to contribute to risk prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and may improve the predictive performance of the baseline GAP model. Our aims were to further validate the GAP model and evaluate whether the addition of longitudinal variables improves its predictive performance.The study population was derived from a large clinical trials cohort of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n=1109). Model performance was determined by improvement in the C-statistic, net reclassification improvement, clinical net reclassification improvement, and a goodness-of-fit test.The GAP model had good discriminative performance with a C-statistic of 0.757 (95% CI 0.750–0.764). However, the original GAP model tended to overestimate risk in this cohort. A novel, easy to use model, consisting of the original GAP predictors plus history of respiratory hospitalisation and 24-week change in forced vital capacity (the longitudinal GAP model) improved model performance with a C-statistic of 0.785 (95% CI 0.780–0.790), net reclassification improvement of 8.5%, clinical net reclassification improvement of 25%, and a goodness-of-fit test of 0.929.The Longitudinal GAP model, along with the original GAP model, may unify baseline and longitudinal mortality risk prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Global mRNA selection mechanisms for translation initiation
Authors: Costello Joseph , Castelli Lydia M , Rowe William , Kershaw Christopher J , Talavera David , Mohammad-Qureshi Sarah S , Sims Paul F G , Grant Christopher M , Pavitt Graham D , Hubbard Simon J , Ashe Mark P 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
The selection and regulation of individual mRNAs for translation initiation from a competing pool of mRNA are poorly understood processes. The closed loop complex, comprising eIF4E, eIF4G and PABP, and its regulation by 4E-BPs are perceived to be key players. Using RIP-seq, we aimed to evaluate the role in gene regulation of the closed loop complex and 4E-BP regulation across the entire yeast transcriptome.

Results
We find that there are distinct populations of mRNAs with coherent properties: one mRNA pool contains many ribosomal protein mRNAs and is enriched specifically with all of the closed loop translation initiation components. This class likely represents mRNAs that rely heavily on the closed loop complex for protein synthesis. Other heavily translated mRNAs are apparently under-represented with most closed loop components except Pab1p. Combined with data showing a close correlation between Pab1p interaction and levels of translation, these data suggest that Pab1p is important for the translation of these mRNAs in a closed loop independent manner. We also identify a translational regulatory mechanism for the 4E-BPs; these appear to self-regulate by inhibiting translation initiation of their own mRNAs.

Conclusions
Overall, we show that mRNA selection for translation initiation is not as uniformly regimented as previously anticipated. Components of the closed loop complex are highly relevant for many mRNAs, but some heavily translated mRNAs interact poorly with this machinery. Therefore, alternative, possibly Pab1p-dependent mechanisms likely exist to load ribosomes effectively onto mRNAs. Finally, these studies identify and characterize a complex self-regulatory circuit for the yeast 4E-BPs.
The draft genome of Primula veris yields insights into the molecular basis of heterostyly
Authors: Nowak Michael D , Russo Giancarlo , Schlapbach Ralph , Huu Cuong Nguyen , Lenhard Michael , Conti Elena 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
The flowering plant Primula veris is a common spring blooming perennial that is widely cultivated throughout Europe. This species is an established model system in the study of the genetics, evolution, and ecology of heterostylous floral polymorphisms. Despite the long history of research focused on this and related species, the continued development of this system has been restricted due the absence of genomic and transcriptomic resources.

Results
We present here a de novo draft genome assembly of P. veris covering 301.8 Mb, or approximately 63% of the estimated 479.22 Mb genome, with an N50 contig size of 9.5 Kb, an N50 scaffold size of 164 Kb, and containing an estimated 19,507 genes. The results of a RADseq bulk segregant analysis allow for the confident identification of four genome scaffolds that are linked to the P. veris S-locus. RNAseq data from both P. veris and the closely related species P. vulgaris allow for the characterization of 113 candidate heterostyly genes that show significant floral morph-specific differential expression. One candidate gene of particular interest is a duplicated GLOBOSA homolog that may be unique to Primula (PveGLO2), and is completely silenced in L-morph flowers.

Conclusions
The P. veris genome represents the first genome assembled from a heterostylous species, and thus provides an immensely important resource for future studies focused on the evolution and genetic dissection of heterostyly. As the first genome assembled from the Primulaceae, the P. veris genome will also facilitate the expanded application of phylogenomic methods in this diverse family and the eudicots as a whole.
Characterization of Aspergillus aculeatus β-glucosidase 1 accelerating cellulose hydrolysis with Trichoderma cellulase system
Authors: Baba Yutaro , Sumitani Jun-ichi , Tani Shuji , Kawaguchi Takashi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Aspergillus aculeatus β-glucosidase 1 (AaBGL1), which promotes cellulose hydrolysis by Trichoderma cellulase system, was characterized and compared some properties to a commercially supplied orthologue in A. niger (AnBGL) to elucidate advantages of recombinant AaBGL1 (rAaBGL1) for synergistic effect on Trichoderma enzymes. Steady–state kinetic studies revealed that rAaBGL1 showed high catalytic efficiency towards β-linked glucooligosaccharides. Up to a degree of polymerization (DP) 3, rAaBGL1 prefered to hydrolyze β-1,3 linked glucooligosaccharides, but longer than DP 3, preferred β-1,4 glucooligosaccharides (up to DP 5). This result suggested that there were different formation for subsites in the catalytic cleft of AaBGL1 between β-1,3 and β-1,4 glucooligosaccharides, therefore rAaBGL1 preferred short chain of laminarioligosaccharides and long chain of cellooligosaccharides on hydrolysis. rAaBGL1 was more insensitive to glucose inhibition and more efficient to hydrolyze the one of major transglycosylation product, gentiobiose than AnBGL, resulting that rAaBGL1 completely hydrolyzed 5% cellobiose to glucose faster than AnBGL. These data indicate that AaBGL1 is valuable for the use of cellulosic biomass conversion.
Background qualitative analysis of the European reference life cycle database (ELCD) energy datasets – part II: electricity datasets
Authors: Garraín Daniel , Fazio Simone , de la Rúa Cristina , Recchioni Marco , Lechón Yolanda , Mathieux Fabrice 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify areas of potential improvement of the European Reference Life Cycle Database (ELCD) electricity datasets. The revision is based on the data quality indicators described by the International Life Cycle Data system (ILCD) Handbook, applied on sectorial basis. These indicators evaluate the technological, geographical and time-related representativeness of the dataset and the appropriateness in terms of completeness, precision and methodology. Results show that ELCD electricity datasets have a very good quality in general terms, nevertheless some findings and recommendations in order to improve the quality of Life-Cycle Inventories have been derived. Moreover, these results ensure the quality of the electricity-related datasets to any LCA practitioner, and provide insights related to the limitations and assumptions underlying in the datasets modelling. Giving this information, the LCA practitioner will be able to decide whether the use of the ELCD electricity datasets is appropriate based on the goal and scope of the analysis to be conducted. The methodological approach would be also useful for dataset developers and reviewers, in order to improve the overall Data Quality Requirements of databases.
Is it worth it? Postsecondary education and labor market outcomes for the disadvantaged
Authors: Backes Ben , Holzer Harry J , Velez Erin Dunlop 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper we examine a range of postsecondary education and labor market outcomes, with a particular focus on minorities and/or disadvantaged workers. We use administrative data from the state of Florida, where postsecondary student records have been linked to UI earnings data and also to secondary education records. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: 1) Gaps in secondary school achievement can account for a large portion of the variation in postsecondary attainment and labor market outcomes between the disadvantaged and other students, but meaningful gaps also exist within achievement groups, and 2) Earnings of the disadvantaged are hurt by low completion rates in postsecondary programs, poor performance during college, and not choosing high-earning fields. In particular, significant labor market premia can be earned in a variety of more technical certificate and Associate (AA) programs, even for those with weak earlier academic performance, but instead many disadvantaged (and other) students choose general humanities programs at the AA (and even the BA level) with low completion rates and low compensation afterwards. A range of policies and practices might be used to improve student choices as well as their completion rates and earnings.
Impact of internal migration on political participation in Turkey
Authors: Akarca Ali T , Tansel Aysit 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

ᅟ
The Impact of population mobility on provincial turnout rates in the 2011 Turkish parliamentary election is studied, controlling for the effects of other socio-economic, demographic, political and institutional factors. Consequences of migration both at destinations and origins are considered. According to the robust regressions estimated, the relationship between turnout and education is inverse U-shaped, and between turnout and age (including generational effects), it is U-shaped. Immigration, emigration, large population, a large number of parliament members elected from a constituency, participation by large number of parties, and existence of a dominant party depress the turnout rate. However, at destinations where large numbers of immigrants from different regions are concentrated, the opportunity afforded to them to elect one of their own reduces the adverse impact of immigration significantly and in some cases even turns it to positive. That emigration, and education beyond certain level, have negative effects on turnout, that immigration’s adverse effect is less in areas with high migrant concentrations, and that in Turkey, political participation is highest among the youngest voters are the novel findings of the study. The latter finding may explain why voter turnout declines in Europe and North America but not in Turkey.

JEL Classifications
D72; J61
Thermidor, Slavery, and the “Affaire des Colonies”
Authors: Popkin Jeremy D. 
Published: January 2015

The Thermidorian Convention repealed most of the radical social legislation passed prior to the overthrow of Robespierre, especially if it involved challenges to the right of property. Surprisingly, however, the Thermidorians maintained the Montagnard Convention’s decision to abolish slavery and grant citizenship rights to the black populations of the French Caribbean colonies. “It is the one act of justice that tyranny had you pass,” the conservative spokesman François Antoine Boissy d’Anglas told his colleagues. The Thermidorians thus inaugurated a tradition of republican imperialism that would continue until the mid-twentieth century. The Thermidorians’ support of abolitionism was partly pragmatic—by the end of 1794 France’s chances of defending the colonies of Saint-Domingue and Guadeloupe against the British depended on armies of former slaves—but it also reflected the fact that many of the Thermidorians had sympathized with Brissot’s campaign against racial hierarchy.
La Convention thermidorienne a rapporté la plupart de la législation sociale votée sous le Comité de Salut public, surtout les lois impliquant des limitations sur le droit de propriété. Néanmoins, les thermidoriens ont maintenu la décision prise sous les Montagnards d’abolir l’esclavage et octroyer aux populations noires des colonies antillaises le statut de citoyens. D’après le porte-parole conservateur de la Convention François Antoine Boissy d’Anglas, l’abolition de l’esclavage fut le seul acte de justice promulgué sous la tyrannie des Montagnards. Ils ont donc inauguré une tradition d’impérialisme républicain qui allait continuer jusqu’aux années 1950. Les thermidoriens ont certes embrassé l’abolitionnisme en partie pour des raisons pragmatiques—en 1794, la défense des colonies de Saint-Domingue et de Guadeloupe contre les Anglais dépendait de forces armées composées essentiellement d’anciens esclaves—mais ce fut aussi le reflet du fait qu’une bonne partie des thermidoriens avaient sympathisé avec la campagne de Brissot contre l’aristocratie de la peau.
Hedging with Futures: Does Anything Beat the Naïve Hedging Strategy?
Authors: Wang Yudong , Wu Chongfeng , Yang Li 
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates out-of-sample performance of the naïve hedging strategy relative to that of the minimum variance hedging strategy, in which the covariance parameters are estimated from 18 econometric models. Hedging performance is compared across 24 futures markets. Our main findings suggest that it is difficult to find a strategy under the minimum variance framework that outperforms the naïve hedging strategy both consistently and significantly. Our findings are robust to different sample periods, estimation windows, and hedging horizons and can be partly explained by the effects of estimation error and model misspecification.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2028 .This paper was accepted by Itay Goldstein, finance.
Keyword Search Advertising and First-Page Bid Estimates: A Strategic Analysis
Authors: Amaldoss Wilfred , Desai Preyas S. , Shin Woochoel 
Published: January 2015

In using the generalized second-price (GSP) auction to sell advertising slots, a search engine faces several challenges. Advertisers do not truthfully bid their valuations, and the valuations are uncertain. Furthermore, advertisers are budget constrained. In this paper we analyze a stylized model of the first-page bid estimate (FPBE) mechanism first developed by Google and demonstrate its advantages in dealing with these challenges. We show why and when the FPBE mechanism yields higher profits for the search engine compared with the traditional GSP auction and the GSP auction with advertiser-specific minimum bid. In the event that a high-valuation advertiser is budget constrained, the search engine can use the FPBE mechanism to alter the listing order with the intent of keeping the high-valuation advertiser in the auction for a longer time. The resulting increase in the search engine’s profits is not necessarily at the expense of the advertisers because the combined profits of the advertisers and the search engine increase. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Meningitis: dispelling the fear and confusion
Authors: Peate Ian , Jones Noleen 
Published: January 2015

Meningitis is a disease that is caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord; these are known as the meninges. When the word ‘meningitis’ is used, or a diagnosis of meningitis is made, it is often met with fear, anxiety and confusion. This article provides the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with insight into bacterial meningitis and how they can be vigilant in detecting and reporting it. The article will consider the anatomy and physiology of the meninges. There will be a discussion concerning the signs and symptoms of meningitis and the various investigations that are required to make diagnosis of the condition. The treatment and care required will be outlined. A glossary of terms is offered.
Complementary exercise and quality of life in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Sawyer Abigail 
Published: January 2015

Aim:This literature review will investigate whether complementary exercise interventions can improve quality of life (QoL) for breast cancer patients at all stages of treatment, receiving a variety of cancer therapies.Method:A systematic literature review of academic primary research will be conducted. All relevant evidence found will be analysed and appraised to answer the research question. The term ‘complementary’ is defined as ‘exercises that are additional to the breast-cancer treatment, and specifically not alternative treatments’. The complementary exercise therapies will consider physical movement in all forms.Findings:Themes were derived from four assessment domains of QoL: social, physical, functional and psychological wellbeing. Every study showed improved overall QoL and six of the nine studies reviewed showed improved overall QoL to statistical significance. According to theme, statistically significant improvements were recorded in two out of nine studies for social wellbeing; five out of nine for psychological wellbeing; four out of nine for physical wellbeing; and none out of six for functional wellbeing.Conclusion:Complementary exercise does improve QoL, but the improvement was statistically significant in two-thirds of the research findings. This proportion is not deemed strong enough as evidence to influence future practice, so further research is recommended.