bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Carbon Paste, Screen Printed, and PVC Potentiometric Sensors Based on Copper‐sulphamethazine Schiff Base Complex for Determination of Iodide – Experimental and Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Abdel‐Haleem F. M. , Shehab Ola R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNew poly vinyl chloride (PVC) membrane, carbon paste (CP), and screen printed (SP) electrodes are constructed for iodide sensing. They are based on copper (II)‐sulphamethazine Schiff base complex as suitable carrier. Mechanism was proved by FT‐IR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Computational study involving binding energies calculations at DFT/B3LYP level of theory confirmed the proposed mechanism and agreed the observed selectivity pattern. Responses are near‐Nernstian (−55.0, −51.0 mV/concentration decade) for PVC, and SP electrodes, and super‐Nernstian (−61.2 mV/concentration decade) for the CP electrode. Lower limit of detection (3.2×10−6 mol L−1) and improved selectivity over the highly interfering thiocyanate were obtained in comparison with the previously reported Schiff base complexes‐based iodide sensors.
Optimization of Medium‐Deep Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Schulte Daniel Otto , Rühaak Wolfram , Oladyshkin Sergey , Welsch Bastian , Sass Ingo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractArrays of medium‐deep borehole heat exchangers are characterized by their slow thermal response and large storage capacity. They represent suitable thermal energy storage systems for seasonally fluctuating heat sources such as solar energy or district heating grids. However, the economic feasibility of these systems is compromised by high investment costs, especially by the expensive drilling of the boreholes. This study presents an approach for the simulation and optimization of borehole thermal energy storage systems. To exemplify the concept, a software tool is used to optimize the number and length of borehole heat exchangers with regard to a specific annual heat demand. The tool successfully determines the ideal size of the thermal energy storage. Furthermore, the prediction of the system’s performance also indicates that borehole thermal energy storage systems only operate efficiently in large‐scale applications. With the presented tool, many aspects of borehole thermal energy storage systems can be simulated and optimized.
Persistent organic pollutant levels and the importance of source proximity in Baltic and Svalbard breeding common eiders
Authors: Fenstad Anette A. , Jenssen Bjørn M. , Gabrielsen Kristin M. , Öst Markus , Jaatinen Kim , Bustnes Jan O. , Hanssen Sveinn A. , Moe Børge , Herzke Dorte , Krøkje Åse 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

The distance to sources and the long-range transport potential of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are important in understanding the impact of anthropogenic pollution on natural seabird populations. The present study documented blood concentrations of POPs in the Baltic Sea (Tvärminne, Finland) population of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in 2009 and in 2011 and compared the concentrations with the presumably less exposed Arctic population in Svalbard (Kongsfjorden, Norway). The Baltic population had 26, 10, and 5 times greater concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane, polychlorinated biphenyls, and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene than the Svalbard population. Unexpectedly, concentrations of chlordanes were higher in Svalbard eiders, whereas concentrations of hexachlorobenzenes (HCBs) did not differ between the 2 populations. Although the similar HCB levels may partly be explained by the high transport potential of HCBs, unknown factors may have been more important than distance to sources and long-range transport potential for the chlordanes. One plausible explanation may be that the fasting-related redistribution of POPs from fat to blood was greater throughout the incubation in Arctic eiders, causing them to have higher blood levels of these POPs at the end of incubation. The blood concentrations of POPs in Baltic eiders were higher than documented in any other eider population and were comparable to levels in seabirds feeding at higher trophic positions in the food chain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1526–1533. © 2015 SETAC
The prevalence of anxiety among older adults in nursing homes and other residential aged care facilities: a systematic review
Authors: Creighton Alexandra S. , Davison Tanya E. , Kissane David W. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo synthesize and summarize the studies examining the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders and symptoms in older adults living in residential aged care.MethodsUsing the PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases were searched using key terms and subject headings, as well as reference lists of relevant papers. The search was limited to literature published in English. Eligible studies examined the prevalence of anxiety disorders or symptoms in aged care residents aged 50+ years.ResultsA total of 2249 articles were identified, of which 18 studies (with a total of 5927 participants) were included in this review. The rate of overall anxiety disorders ranged from 3.2% to 20%, with the highest quality studies estimating a prevalence rate of 5% to 5.7%. Generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobias were found to be the most common anxiety disorders among aged care residents, while clinically significant anxiety symptoms were found to be more frequent (6.5% to 58.4%) than threshold disorders.ConclusionsAnxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms are common in older aged care residents. Given the paucity and overall quality of research examining anxiety within this population and the heterogeneity found in studies, further research is needed to help clarify this issue. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and predictors of tobacco use in the elderly
Authors: Pang Shirlene , Subramaniam Mythily , Abdin Edimansyah , Lee Siau Pheng , Chua Boon Yiang , Shafie Saleha Binte , Vaingankar Janhavi , Picco Louisa , Zhang Yun‐Jue , Chong Siow Ann 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveSmoking is a well‐established public health issue, which has not been examined previously among the elderly in Singapore. This paper describes and identifies the current prevalence and predictors of tobacco use among the older resident population.MethodsData were derived from the Well‐being of the Singapore Elderly study, a cross‐sectional epidemiological study of the elderly in Singapore. Sociodemographic data from 2565 Singapore residents aged 60 years and above were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Multinomial logistic regression analyses identified predictors of tobacco use.ResultsA total of 236 respondents were current tobacco users (9.5%). The majority of older tobacco users were men (88.1%). Significant predictors of tobacco use were gender, marital status, and education level. Younger age (60–74 years old) was associated with more tobacco use, and the completion of tertiary education with lower rates of use.ConclusionsSmoking prevalence among the elderly was lower than that of the Singapore general adult population (16%). However, the rate is still high and is of concern given the likelihood of a higher rate of physical disorders, which could be worsened with tobacco use. The identification of those at risk enables them to be targeted for smoking cessation programs and other interventions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Looking up: Views from our fellows’ retreat
Authors: Solomon Mildred Z. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTogether this August, Hastings Center fellows and staff scholars left their respective studies to look up. Over a three‐day period, we engaged with one another, renewing ties with beloved old friends and welcoming new ones. We asked what each other was passionate about. We asked how our field could be better. We shared works‐in‐progress and imagined how we might work together across institutions, across miles to accomplish things we couldn't do alone.
Neural Devices: New Ethics?
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGood ethics start with good facts, as Tom Murray, past president of Hastings, often said when he was here, and that alone might be enough to declare that fields like genetic science and synthetic biology warrant their own subfields of ethics—“genethics” and “synthethics.” Perhaps getting clear on how genetic science might be used to improve human health requires such deep immersion in the genetic science that those studying the science's ethical implications are in effect in a subfield of ethics. A further issue is whether the ethical questions about the scientific facts in a nascent field are new.
CAHPS Surveys: Valid and Valuable Measures of Patient Experience
Authors: Lehrman William G. , Friedberg Mark W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA commentary on “Patient‐Satisfaction Surveys on a Scale of 0 to 10: Improving Health Care, or Leading It Astray?,” byAlexandra Junewicz and Stuart J. Youngner in the May‐June 2015 issue..
Bioethics Casebook 2.0: Using Web‐Based Design and Tools to Promote Ethical Reflection and Practice in Health Care
Authors: Moses Jacob , Berlinger Nancy , Dunn Michael C. , Gusmano Michael K. , Chin Jacqueline J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe idea of the Internet as Gutenberg 2.0—a true revolution in disseminating information—is now a routine part of how bioethics education works. The Internet has become indispensable as a channel for sharing teaching materials and connecting learners with a central platform (such as a professional society's website or a course page on a university's web portal) that houses materials to support an online or hybrid curriculum or a traditional course. A newer idea in bioethics education reflects developments in web‐based medical education more broadly and draws on design principles developed for the Internet. This approach to online bioethics education requires thinking about web‐based learning as an engaging, potentially immersive experience, about learners' expectations concerning web‐based learning, and about differences between self‐directed learning and teaching to support group learning.In clinician education in bioethics, the interrelated goals of ethical reflection and practice for professionals and of continuous quality improvement in health care are supported by a focus on real‐world challenges and by encouraging the habits of self‐directed learning. In this paper, we describe how an international, interdisciplinary team used a web‐based framework to develop a health care ethics casebook whose content, design, and pedagogy were tailored to the needs and expectations of health care professionals and other audiences in Singapore; we also explain how they used this framework to make the casebook accessible nationwide and to support cross‐cultural learning.
Pyk2 and Megakaryocytes Regulate Osteoblast Differentiation and Migration Via Distinct and Overlapping Mechanisms
Authors: Eleniste Pierre P. , Patel Vruti , Posritong Sumana , Zero Odette , Largura Heather , Cheng Ying‐Hua , Himes Evan R. , Hamilton Matthew , Ekwealor Jenna T. B. , Kacena Melissa A. , Bruzzaniti Angela 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTOsteoblast differentiation and migration are necessary for bone formation during bone remodeling. Mice lacking the proline‐rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 (Pyk2‐KO) have increased bone mass, in part due to increased osteoblast proliferation. Megakaryocytes (MKs), the platelet‐producing cells, also promote osteoblast proliferation in vitro and bone‐formation in vivo via a pathway that involves Pyk2. In the current study, we examined the mechanism of action of Pyk2, and the role of MKs, on osteoblast differentiation and migration. We found that Pyk2‐KO osteoblasts express elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen and osteocalcin mRNA levels as well as increased ALP activity, and mineralization, confirming that Pyk2 negatively regulates osteoblast function. Since Pyk2 Y402 phosphorylation is important for its catalytic activity and for its protein‐scaffolding functions, we expressed the phosphorylation‐mutant (Pyk2Y402F) and kinase‐mutant (Pyk2K457A) in Pyk2‐KO osteoblasts. Both Pyk2Y402F and Pyk2K457A reduced ALP activity, whereas only kinase‐inactive Pyk2K457A inhibited Pyk2‐KO osteoblast migration. Consistent with a role for Pyk2 on ALP activity, co‐culture of MKs with osteoblasts led to a decrease in the level of phosphorylated Pyk2 (pY402) as well as a decrease in ALP activity. Although, Pyk2‐KO osteoblasts exhibited increased migration compared to wild‐type osteoblasts, Pyk2 expression was not required necessary for the ability of MKs to stimulate osteoblast migration. Together, these data suggest that osteoblast differentiation and migration are inversely regulated by MKs via distinct Pyk2‐dependent and independent signaling pathways. Novel drugs that distinguish between the kinase‐dependent or protein‐scaffolding functions of Pyk2 may provide therapeutic specificity for the control of bone‐related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1396–1406, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological Expression and Accumulation of the Products of Two Upstream Open Reading Frames mrtl and MycHex1 Along With p64 and p67 Myc From the Human c‐myc Locus
Authors: Ji Mi Hong , Kim Seung‐Ki , Kim Chae‐Yong , Phi Ji Hoon , Jun Hyun Jin , Blume Scott W. , Choi Hyoung Soo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn addition to the canonical c‐Myc p64 and p67 proteins, the human c‐myc locus encodes two distinct proteins, mrtl (myc‐related translation/localization regulatory factor) and MycHex1 (Myc Human Exon 1), from the upstream open reading frames within the 5′‐untranslated region of the c‐myc P0 mRNA. The aim of this study is to examine simultaneously, for the first time, mrtl, MycHex1, c‐Myc p64, and p67 in human tumor cell lines and pediatric brain tumor tissues. Western blot analysis demonstrated endogenous mrtl, MycHex1, c‐Myc p64, and p67 simultaneously. The relative abundance of mrtl and MycHex1 were consistent among a variety of human tumor cell lines, and the relative intensities of mrtl and MycHex1 correlated positively. Confocal imaging revealed mrtl predominantly localized to the nuclear envelope, along with prominent reticular pattern in the cytoplasm. MycHex1 was observed as a series of bright foci located within the nucleus, a subset of which colocalized with fibrillarin. mrtl and MycHex1 co‐immunoprecipitated with RACK1, c‐Myc, fibrillarin, coilin, and with each other. These findings suggest that mrtl and MycHex1 have multiple interaction partners in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Sequence analyses confirmed a known polymorphism of mrtl at base 1965 (G>T) and new mutations at bases 1900 (C>G) and 1798 (C>G). Evidence is presented for expression and stable accumulation of all four proteins encoded by three distinct non‐overlapping open reading frames within the human c‐myc locus. Additional work is warranted to further elucidate the functional or regulatory roles of these molecules in regulation of c‐Myc and in oncogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1407–1418, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovative Delivery Mechanisms: Australian Aid Partnership with Churches in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Clarke Matthew 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Australian Aid programme is currently valued at AUD5 billion. The majority of this aid flows to the Asia Pacific region with Papua New Guinea and Indonesia being the largest recipients. In addition to traditional delivery mechanisms—bilateral and multilateral—the Australian Government has piloted a small partnership activity with Churches in Papua New Guinea. This paper will consider this model and the benefit it brings. Possible extension of this partnership model to non‐Christian religious faiths in other countries, such as Islamic nationwide organisations in Indonesia, is also discussed. © 2015 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aid, Social Policy and Development
Authors: Addison Tony , Niño‐Zarazúa Miguel , Tarp Finn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses past and current social policy strategies in the international aid architecture as an introduction to the UNU‐WIDER Special Issue. Beginning in the 1990s, aid strategy and policy shifted to put a stronger emphasis on human development. This accelerated with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and will continue under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which have even more ambitious targets. The paper also assesses some of the concerns associated with the ‘Paris‐style’ aid modalities, and discusses major challenges for the future global development agenda. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2015 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Progressivity and Regressivity of aid to the Social Sectors
Authors: Baulch Bob , Le Tam Vi An 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper analyses the distribution of aid to the social sectors between 2009 and 2011 using aid concentration curves. Its key findings are four‐fold. First, despite the stated objectives of donors, total aid disbursements are broadly neutral, favouring neither the most deprived nor relatively well‐off countries. Second, the pattern of social sector aid disbursements follows total aid. Third, the aid allocation patterns of bilateral and multilateral donors differ, with multilaterals donors generally being more focused on the poorest countries. Finally, the distribution of aid for health and population is more progressive than that for education or other social sectors. © 2015 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary licorice root supplementation reduces diet‐induced weight gain, lipid deposition, and hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized mice without stimulating reproductive tissues and mammary gland
Authors: Madak‐Erdogan Zeynep , Gong Ping , Zhao Yiru Chen , Xu Liwen , Wrobel Kinga U. , Hartman James A. , Wang Michelle , Cam Anthony , Iwaniec Urszula T. , Turner Russell T. , Twaddle Nathan C. , Doerge Daniel R. , Khan Ikhlas A. , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Katzenellenbogen Benita S. , Helferich William G. 
Published: November 2015

ScopeWe studied the impact of dietary supplementation with licorice root components on diet‐induced obesity, fat accumulation, and hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice as a menopause model.Materials and methodsWe evaluated the molecular and physiological effects of dietary licorice root administered to ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice as root powder (LRP), extracts (LRE), or isolated isoliquiritigenin (ILQ) on reproductive (uterus and mammary gland) and nonreproductive tissues important in regulating metabolism (liver, perigonadal, perirenal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous fat). Quantitative outcome measures including body weight, fat distribution (magnetic resonance imaging), food consumption, bone density and weight (Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), and gene expression were assessed by the degree of restoration to the preovariectomized health state. We characterized histological (H&E and oil red O staining) and molecular properties (expression of certain disease markers) of these tissues, and correlated these with metabolic phenotype as well as blood levels of bioactives.ConclusionAlthough LRE and ILQ provided some benefit, LRP was the most effective in reducing body weight gain, overall fat deposition, liver steatosis, and expression of hepatic lipid synthesis genes following ovariectomy. Our data demonstrate that licorice root provided improvement of multiple metabolic parameters under conditions of low estrogen and high‐fat diets without stimulating reproductive tissues.
Discontinuous finite volume methods for the stationary Stokes–Darcy problem
Authors: Wang Gang , He Yinnian , Li Rui 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze discontinuous finite volume methods for the stationary Stokes–Darcy problem that models coupled fluid flow and porous media flow. The discontinuous finite volume methods are combinations of finite volume method and discontinuous Galerkin method with three interior penalty types (incomplete symmetric, nonsymmetric, and symmetric), briefly, using discontinuous functions as trial functions in the finite volume method. Optimal error estimates in brokenH1norm are obtained for the three discontinuous finite volume methods. Optimal error estimates in the standardL2norm are derived for the symmetric interior penalty discontinuous finite volume method. Numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical results with non‐matching meshes across the common interface of Stokes region and Darcy region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient implementation of high‐order finite elements for Helmholtz problems
Authors: Bériot Hadrien , Prinn Albert , Gabard Gwénaël 
Published: November 2015

SummaryComputational modeling remains key to the acoustic design of various applications, but it is constrained by the cost of solving large Helmholtz problems at high frequencies. This paper presents an efficient implementation of the high‐order finite element method (FEM) for tackling large‐scale engineering problems arising in acoustics. A key feature of the proposed method is the ability to select automatically the order of interpolation in each element so as to obtain a target accuracy while minimizing the cost. This is achieved using a simple local a priori error indicator. For simulations involving several frequencies, the use of hierarchical shape functions leads to an efficient strategy to accelerate the assembly of the finite element model. The intrinsic performance of the high‐order FEM for 3D Helmholtz problem is assessed, and an error indicator is devised to select the polynomial order in each element. A realistic 3D application is presented in detail to demonstrate the reduction in computational costs and the robustness of the a priori error indicator. For this test case, the proposed method accelerates the simulation by an order of magnitude and requires less than a quarter of the memory needed by the standard FEM. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact of coated calcium carbonate nanofillers and annealing treatments on the microstructure and gas barrier properties of poly(lactide) based nanocomposite films
Authors: Morel Floriane , Espuche Eliane , Bounor‐Legaré Véronique , Persynn Olivia , Lacroix Marc 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAmorphous poly(lactide) (PLA) and nanocomposite films were prepared from melt‐blending with precipitated calcium carbonate nanofillers (PCC). Nanocomposites based on uncoated PCC (PCC‐UT), stearic acid coated PCC (PCC‐S), and poly(ε‐caprolactone) coated PCC (PCC‐P) were investigated for an inorganic content fixed to 8 wt %. Using coated nanofillers allowed preserving both PLA average molar mass and thermal stability while enhancing the nanofiller dispersion state. Poly(ε‐caprolactone) was identified as the best coating for optimized morphology and thermal properties. Maxwell law accurately described the increase in oxygen barrier properties observed for the nanocomposites based on PCC‐S. A modified Maxwell law was proposed to take account of the additional increase in barrier properties evidenced for the PLA/PCC‐P nanocomposites and assigned to the particularly strong compatibility between PCL and PLA. Different annealing conditions were investigated to respectively study the impact of physical ageing and PLA crystallization on gas permeability. Different extents of physical ageing did not significantly modify the oxygen transport properties. However, a high permeability decrease was observed for the semicrystalline nanocomposites with respect to the amorphous reference PLA film. Finally, the gain in barrier properties was shown to result from both contribution of the nanofillers and the crystalline phase. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 649–658