bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of Richards' gland in the swarm‐founding wasp Protonectarina sylveirae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: da Silva Marjorie , Noll Fernando Barbosa , Billen Johan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRichards' gland is known for the majority of Epiponini wasps, and despite few experimental evidences, the taxonomic distribution in swarm‐founder species and the function of this gland remain rather unclear. This work presents a morphological description of Richards' gland in Protonectarina sylveirae. The gland is formed by a cluster of class 3 cells underneath the anterior margin of the fifth metasomal sternite, and a reservoir formed by the intersegmental membrane between the fourth and fifth metasomal sternites where the secretion can be stored. The secretory cells contain a branched end apparatus that carries the secretory products towards the duct cell. Externally, the cuticle of the sternite, where the duct cells penetrate, is characterized by modifications as scales with very numerous pores. The presence of Richards' gland according to the model proposed by Samacá et al. 2013 in Protonectarina corroborates the single origin of this gland in Epiponini. The occurrence of a Golgi apparatus and smooth endoplasmic reticulum suggests pheromone production.
The impact of interventions by pharmacists in community pharmacies on control of hypertension: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cheema Ejaz , Sutcliffe Paul , Singer Donald R. J. 
Published: June 2014

AimsTo undertake a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials concerned with the impact of community pharmacist‐led interventions on blood pressure control in patients with hypertension.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched up to 30 November 2013, with no start date (Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Medline Ovid, Biomed Central, Biosis Citation Index, CINAHL, PsycINFO). All studies included were randomized controlled trials involving patients with hypertension, with or without cardiovascular‐related co‐morbidities, with difference in blood pressure as an outcome. Data collected included the study design, baseline characteristics of study populations, types of interventions and outcomes. The Cochrane tool was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsFrom 340 articles identified on initial searching, 16 randomized controlled trials (3032 patients) were included. Pharmacist‐led interventions were patient education on hypertension, management of prescribing and safety problems associated with medication, and advice on lifestyle. These interventions were associated with significant reductions in systolic [11 studies (2240 patients); −6.1 mmHg (95% confidence interval, −3.8 to −8.4 mmHg); P < 0.00001] and diastolic blood pressure [11 studies (2246 patients); −2.5 mmHg (95% confidence interval, −1.5 to −3.4 mmHg); P < 0.00001].ConclusionsCommunity pharmacist‐led interventions can significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These interventions could be useful for improving clinical management of hypertension.
More powerful genetic association testing via a new statistical framework for integrative genomics
Authors: Zhao Sihai D. , Cai T. Tony , Li Hongzhe 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntegrative genomics offers a promising approach to more powerful genetic association studies. The hope is that combining outcome and genotype data with other types of genomic information can lead to more powerful SNP detection. We present a new association test based on a statistical model that explicitly assumes that genetic variations affect the outcome through perturbing gene expression levels. It is shown analytically that the proposed approach can have more power to detect SNPs that are associated with the outcome through transcriptional regulation, compared to tests using the outcome and genotype data alone, and simulations show that our method is relatively robust to misspecification. We also provide a strategy for applying our approach to high‐dimensional genomic data. We use this strategy to identify a potentially new association between a SNP and a yeast cell's response to the natural product tomatidine, which standard association analysis did not detect.
Linear mixed function‐on‐function regression models
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe develop a linear mixed regression model where both the response and the predictor are functions. Model parameters are estimated by maximizing the log likelihood via the ECME algorithm. The estimated variance parameters or covariance matrices are shown to be positive or positive definite at each iteration. In simulation studies, the approach outperforms in terms of the fitting error and the MSE of estimating the “regression coefficients.”
Impaired T cell activation and cytokine production by calcitriol-primed human B cells
Authors: Drozdenko G , Scheel T , Heine G , Baumgrass R , Worm M 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), is a potent modulator of the immune response. We have shown previously that calcitriol modulates the immunoglobulin response in vitro and in vivo in mice and humans. To analyse the underlying molecular mechanisms we studied whether calcitriol-primed B cells modulate T cell activation and function. Human B cells were stimulated with anti-CD40 and interleukin (IL)-4 in the presence of increasing concentrations of calcitriol. After removal of calcitriol, primed B cells were co-cultured with autologous CD4+T cells; the B cell phenotype T cell activation and their consecutive cytokine production were also assessed. Naive T cells co-cultured with calcitriol-primed naive B cells showed a reduced expansion, nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 2 (NFATc2) expression and cytokine production upon restimulation. CD86 expression on B cells after calcitriol priming was identified as an underlying mechanism, as T cell activation and expansion was rescued by activating anti-CD28 antibodies. Our data indicate that calcitriol-primed B cells display an impaired capacity to activate T cells. Taken together, we identified a novel B cell-dependent vitamin D immune regulatory mechanism, namely by decreased co-stimulation of calcitriol-primed B cells.
Polyphyly of Caddoidea, reinstatement of the family Acropsopilionidae in Dyspnoi, and a revised classification system of Palpatores (Arachnida, Opiliones)
Authors: Groh Sebastian S. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAmong the least studied harvestmen are the members of the family Caddidae sensu Shear, 1975, a group of Opiliones with massive eyes and the putative sister group of the remaining Eupnoi. Caddids were originally described as two families, Caddidae and Acropsopilionidae, but these are currently treated as subfamilies of Caddidae. These minute arachnids are rarely collected and present some interesting biogeographical patterns, including a disjunct distribution between East Asia and eastern North America, and some of the few cases of trans‐Pacific genera in southern hemisphere Opiliones. We therefore obtained samples from most of the landmasses inhabited by Caddidae and undertook a phylogenetic study using nuclear and mitochondrial genes for as many samples as possible. Our results, based on a broad taxonomic sampling, surprisingly showed polyphyly of Caddidae, with the genus Caddo forming the sister group of the remaining Eupnoi, whereas the southern hemisphere genera, many of which were originally placed in Acropsopilionidae, within Dyspnoi, formed the sister clade of the remaining Dyspnoi. In addition, the more recently described genus Hesperopilio, from Western Australia and Chile, was unrelated to either Caddidae or Acropsopilionidae, despite having the supposedly diagnostic large ocularium, and instead appeared deeply nested within the Eupnoi superfamily Phalangioidea. Our results are robust to analytical treatment and to homology scheme (dynamic vs. static notions of homology), resulting in a new phylogenetic proposal for Eupnoi and Dyspnoi. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that the ancestral Palpatores was probably a tiny harvestman with an enlarged ocularium and glandular palpal setae in its enlarged and armed palps. We take the following taxonomic actions: Acropsopilionidae is removed from synonymy under Caddidae and its family status and membership in Dyspnoi are restored. Hesperopilio Shear, 1996 is removed from Caddoidea/Caddidae and transferred to Phalangioidea, but it is not assigned to any family.
Bone loss after ridge expansion with or without reflection of the periosteum
Authors: Stricker Andres , Fleiner Jonathan , Stübinger Stefan , Schmelzeisen Rainer , Dard Michel , Bosshardt Dieter D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of the periosteum in preserving the buccal bone after ridge splitting and expansion with simultaneous implant placement.Material and methodsIn 12 miniature pigs, the mandibular premolars and first molars were removed together with the interdental bone septa and the buccal bone. Three months later, ridge splitting and expansion of the buccal plate was performed with simultaneous placement of two titanium implants per quadrant. Access by a mucosal flap (MF) was prepared on test sides, while a mucoperiosteal flap (MPF) with complete denudation of the buccal bone was increased on control sides. After healing periods of six and 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed for histologic and histometric evaluation.ResultsIn the MF group, all 16 implants were osseointegrated, while in the MPF group, four of 16 implants were lost. Noticeable differences of bone levels on the implant surface and of the bone crest (BC) were found between the MF and the MPF group. Buccally after 6 weeks, the median distance between the implant shoulder (IS) and the coronal‐most bone on the implant (cBIC) was for the MF group −1.42 ± 0.42 mm and for the MPF group −4.80 ± 2.72 mm (P = 0.15). The median distance between the IS and the buccal BC was −1.24 ± 0.51 mm and −2.78 ± 1.98 mm (P = 0.12) for the MF and MPF group, respectively. After 12 weeks, median IS‐cBICwas −2.12 ± 0.84 mm for MF and −7.19 mm for MPF, while IS‐BC was −2.08 ± 0.79 mm for MF and −5.96 mm for MPF. After 6 weeks, the median buccal bone thickness for MF and MPF was 0.01 and 0 mm (P < 0.001) at IS, 1.48 ± 0.97 mm and 0 ± 0.77 mm (P = 0.07) at 2 mm apical to IS, and 2.12 ± 1.19 mm and 1.72 ± 01.50 mm (P = 0.86) at 4 mm apical to IS, respectively. After 12 weeks, buccal bone thickness in the MF group was 0 mm at IS, 0.21 mm at 2 mm apical to IS, and 2.56 mm at 4 mm apical to IS, whereas complete loss of buccal bone was measured from IS to 4 mm apical to IS for the MPF group.ConclusionsIn this ridge expansion model in miniature pigs, buccal bone volume was significantly better preserved when the periosteum remained attached to the bone.
The efficacy of 12 weeks supervised exercise in obesity management
Authors: Herring L. Y. , Wagstaff C. , Scott A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe objective of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effect of adding either aerobic training (AT) or resistance training (RT) to a multidisciplinary teamed (MDT) educational weight management programme on the health‐related fitness of morbidly obese individuals. Males (n = 9) and females (n = 24) aged between 24 and 68 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥40 kg m2 (≥35 kg m2 with comorbidities) undertaking a weight management programme were recruited (Completion: M = 8, F = 19). Participants were randomly allocated to either AT (n = 12), RT (n = 11) or CON (n = 10). AT and RT undertook three structured ∼60 min moderate intensity sessions weekly, two supervised gym‐based and one structured home‐based session for 12 weeks; CON undertook usual care alone. Anthropometric, psychological and functional capacity measures were obtained pre‐ and post‐intervention. Both exercise interventions elicited improvements compared with CON in the: shuttle walk test (AT [Δ 207.0 ± 123.0 metres, 68.0%, P = 0.04], RT [Δ 165.0 ± 183.3 m, 48.8%, P = 0.06], CON [Δ −14.3 ± 38.7 m, −6.2%]), triceps skin‐fold (P ≤ 0.001), self‐efficacy (P = 0.005) and interest/enjoyment (P = 0.006). RT displayed additional improvements compared with CON in BMI (RT [Δ −1.02 ± 0.91 kg·m2, −2.5%, P = 0.033], AT [Δ −1.84 ± 2.70 kg·m2, −4.3%, P = 0.142], CON [Δ −0.31 ± 1.47 kg·m2, −0.6%]), waist circumference (P = 0.022), competence (P = 0.019), biceps skin‐fold (P = 0.012) and medial calf skin‐fold (P = 0.013). No significant differences were observed between exercise modalities. Regardless of exercise mode, the addition of supervised and structured exercise to a MDT weight management programme significantly improved anthropometric, functional and psychological measures in obese participants with a BMI of ≥35 kg·m2.
New‐onset diabetes after renal transplantation
Authors: Tufton N. , Ahmad S. , Rolfe C. , Rajkariar R. , Byrne C. , Chowdhury T. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRenal transplantation has important benefits in people with end‐stage renal disease, with improvements in mortality, morbidity and quality of life. Whilst significant advances in transplantation techniques and immunosuppressive regimens have led to improvements in short‐term outcomes, longer‐term outcomes have not improved dramatically. New‐onset diabetes after transplantation appears to be a major factor in morbidity and cardiovascular mortality in renal transplant recipients. The diagnosis of new‐onset diabetes after renal transplantation has been hampered by a lack of clarity over diagnostic tests in early studies, although the use of the WHO criteria is now generally accepted. HbA1c may be useful diagnostically, but should probably be avoided in the first 3 months after transplantation. The pathogenesis of new‐onset diabetes after renal transplantation is likely to be related to standard pathogenic factors in Type 2 diabetes (e.g. insulin resistance, β‐cell failure, inflammation and genetic factors) as well as other factors, such as hepatitis C infection, and could be exacerbated by the use of immunosuppression (glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors). Pre‐transplant risk scores may help identify those people at risk of new‐onset diabetes after renal transplantation. There are no randomized trials of treatment of new‐onset diabetes after renal transplantation to determine whether intensive glucose control has an impact on cardiovascular or renal morbidity, therefore, treatment is guided by guidelines used in non‐transplant diabetes. Many areas of uncertainty in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of new‐onset diabetes after renal transplantation require further research.
Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Dibaba D. T. , Xun P. , Fly A. D. , Yokota K. , He K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsTo estimate quantitatively the association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome by combining the relevant published articles using meta‐analysis.MethodsWe reviewed the relevant literature in PubMed and EMBASE published up until August 2013 and obtained additional information through Google or a hand search of the references in relevant articles. A random‐effects or fixed‐effects model, as appropriate, was used to pool the effect sizes on metabolic syndrome comparing individuals with the highest dietary magnesium intake with those having the lowest intake. The dose–response relationship was assessed for every 100‐mg/day increment in magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome.ResultSix cross‐sectional studies, including a total of 24 473 individuals and 6311 cases of metabolic syndrome, were identified as eligible for the meta‐analysis. A weighted inverse association was found between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.59, 0.81) comparing the highest with the lowest group. For every 100‐mg/day increment in magnesium intake, the overall risk of having metabolic syndrome was lowered by 17% (odds ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0. 77, 0.89).ConclusionFindings from the present meta‐analysis suggest that dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Further studies, in particular well‐designed longitudinal cohort studies and randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trials, are warranted to provide solid evidence and to establish causal inference.
Influence of maternal habitat choice, environment and spatial distribution of juveniles on their propensity for anadromy in a partially anadromous population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Liberoff Ana Laura , Quiroga Analia Pamela , Riva‐Rossi Carla Marcela , Miller Jessica Adele , Pascual Miguel Alberto 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated the importance of the environment and spatial distribution of juvenile fish for the adoption of alternative migratory tactics in a partially anadromous population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Santa Cruz River. We captured young‐of‐the‐year fish along the river during autumn 2009, 2010 and spring 2010 and determined their maternal origin (anadromous vs. resident) using strontium to calcium ratios in the otolith core. Relative proportion of anadromous offspring, modelled with logistic regression, increased towards headwaters and in areas with deeper channels and larger substrate composition. Body length, modelled with linear multiple regression, varied positively with site depth, water velocity, substrate size and anadromous maternal origin. Based on evidence for limited juvenile movements (<25 km), the spatial extent of this study (240 Rkm) and the identification of large, contrasting reaches along the river, it is likely that the observed spatial distribution of juveniles and their association to sites with coarse substrate composition reflects maternal spawning activity. Results further indicate that anadromous females breed predominantly in middle and upper river sections in areas with coarse substrate. Given that body size in this system has been positively related to propensity for anadromy, we propose that female spawning choice affects their offspring's spatial distribution, providing the adequate physical template for anadromous offspring to reach or maintain larger body sizes and display anadromy themselves. Relevance of this study is also discussed in the context of alterations in response to future dam construction in one of the latest free‐flowing rivers sustaining anadromous O. mykiss.
D2‐like dopamine receptors mediate regulation of pupal diapause in Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Hanatani Ikumi , Takeda Makio , Oishi Katsutaka , Sakamoto Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present study investigated the pharmacological properties of dopamine receptors that functioned in the termination of pupal diapause in the Chinese oak silkmoth, Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Dopamine receptors are classified according to their structure and function into two subfamilies as D1‐ and D2‐like receptors. D1‐like receptors activate, whereas D2‐like receptors inhibit, adenylate cyclase. We examined the effects of agonists and antagonists selective for D1‐ and D2‐like receptors on the diapause state. As A. pernyi is a long‐day species, pupal diapause is maintained during short days and can be terminated by exposure to a long‐day photoperiod. The D2‐like receptor‐selective agonist quinpirole delayed the timing of adult emergence under long days, and the D2‐receptor‐selective antagonist sulpiride terminated pupal diapause even under a short‐day photoperiod. The D1‐like receptor‐selective agonist and antagonist, SKF‐38393 and SCH‐23390, respectively, caused no significant effects on diapause pupae. These results suggest that not D1‐ but D2‐like receptors mediated diapause regulation in A. pernyi. This dopamine pathway appeared to block the termination of pupal diapause. Furthermore, the actions of the cAMP analog 8‐CPT‐cAMP and dopamine receptor antagonists upon diapause pupae were similar, which supports the notion that D2‐like receptors involved in diapause of this insect prevent adenylate cyclase from producing cAMP like vertebrate D2‐like receptors. Taken together, our findings suggest that dopamine blocked diapause termination through D2‐like receptors that inhibited adenylate cyclase in A. pernyi. During short days under which diapause was maintained in pupae, the dopaminergic mechanism might be stimulated to suppress cAMP levels in cells regulating diapause.
Public awareness: a useful tool for the early detection and a successful eradication of the longhorned beetles Anoplophora chinensis and A. glabripennis
Authors: Ciampitti M. , Cavagna B. 
Published: June 2014

Anoplophora chinensis and A. glabripennis, two longhorned beetles, are natives of Asia and are considered some of the most dangerous woodborers worldwide. Their infestations often go undetected for several years, allowing both species to colonize new areas undisturbed and reach population levels which are difficult to eradicate. In Italy, A. chinensis was first detected in 2001 near Milan, and in over a decade the Lombardy Plant Protection Service (PPS) has developed enough experience to contain this xylophagous pest. Thanks to these efforts, the Lombardy PPS staff realized that public awareness is pivotal for a successful and effective eradication program. Since the beginning of the infestation, the Lombardy Region has mounted a notable campaign of information through communication media designed to inform residents of the problem. The tools used have yielded interesting results.
Insights into the structure and function of fungal β‐mannosidases from glycoside hydrolase family 2 based on multiple crystal structures of the Trichoderma harzianum enzyme
Authors: Nascimento Alessandro S. , Muniz Joao Renato C. , Aparício Ricardo , Golubev Alexander M. , Polikarpov Igor 
Published: June 2014

Hemicellulose is an important part of the plant cell wall biomass, and is relevant to cellulosic ethanol technologies. β‐Mannosidases are enzymes capable of cleaving nonreducing residues of β‐d‐mannose from β‐d‐mannosides and hemicellulose mannose‐containing polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactomannans. β‐Mannosidases are distributed between glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 1, 2, and 5, and only a handful of the enzymes have been structurally characterized to date. The only published X‐ray structure of a GH family 2 mannosidase is that of the bacterial Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron enzyme. No structures of eukaryotic mannosidases of this family are currently available. To fill this gap, we set out to solve the structure of Trichoderma harzianum GH family 2 β‐mannosidase and to refine it to 1.9‐Å resolution. Structural comparisons of the T. harzianum GH2 β‐mannosidase highlight similarities in its structural architecture with other members of GH family 2, reveal the molecular mechanism of β‐mannoside binding and recognition, and shed light on its putative galactomannan‐binding site.DatabaseCoordinates and observed structure factor amplitudes have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank (4CVU and 4UOJ). The T. harzianum β‐mannosidase 2A nucleotide sequence has GenBank accession number BankIt1712036 GeneMark.hmm KJ624918.