bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agencia, materialidad y documentación del arte de los medios
Authors: Alsina Pau , Hofman Vanina 
Published: July 2014

El arte de los medios goza de una larga y fértil historia que ha generado innumerables prácticas artísticas de gran calidad así como no pocos estudios teóricos e históricos sobre las diferentes tendencias, creadores, o sobre las diferentes zonas geográficas que han intervenido e intervienen en la construcción de su pasado y su presente (Wilson,2001; Paul, 2003; Daniels, 2004, 2005; Popper, 2007; Grau, 2007; Alsina, 2007; Shanken 2009). No obstante las própias características y el componente experimental inherente a este conjunto de prácticas también ha aportado importantes preguntas relativas a la transformación de la naturaleza de los procesos que el arte de los medios introduce en las formas tradicionales de habérselas con el arte y el mundo del arte. El propósito de este artículo es incidir específicamente en aquellos procesos vinculados a la construcción de archivos y documentación, así como tambien a la propia conservación del arte de los medios, a través de un análisis de la problemática de la materialidad y la agencia en las prácticas artísticas . La perspectiva que adoptaremos no se limitará a la discusión técnica de las diferentes soluciones a las problemáticas planteadas por las mismas prácticas sino más bien a la problematización del problema mismo desde la perspectiva de la arqueología de los medios (Kittler, 1997; Ernst 2005; Zielinski, 2006; Huhtamo, Parikka, 2011); y el conjunto de reflexiones vinculadas al denominado nuevo materialismo (Delanda, 2000; Barad, 2003; Law, 2007; Coole, 2010) . La misma diversidad de taxonomías aparecidas en relación al arte de los medios, en donde a menudo se destaca en la propia terminología su base tecnológica -video arte, net art, software art, a-life art etc..- nos sirve de punto de partida para reivindicar hasta qué punto la agencialidad del substrato material y tecnológico de la práctica artística está indisolublemente unida a su discurso simbólico, y al revés en mútua reciprocidad, incluso en algo tan aparentemente inmaterial como el código informático inscrito en el epicentro del arte de los nuevos medios.
Glomerulonephritis Induced by Heterologous Anti‐GBM Globulin as a Planted Foreign Antigen
Authors: Odobasic Dragana , Ghali Joanna R. , O'Sullivan Kim M. , Holdsworth Stephen R. , Kitching A. Richard 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe glomerulonephritides are diseases characterized by immune‐mediated glomerular inflammation. Most severe and rapidly progressive forms of glomerulonephritis feature the participation of injurious leukocytes that localize to glomeruli. This unit describes classical models of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in mice, induced by injecting heterologous globulin (raised in sheep) that binds to the glomerular basement membrane. These models have been particularly useful in defining the participation of effector leukocytes in severe glomerular disease. In these models, injury typically occurs in two phases. In the initial, heterologous phase, injury is mediated by the globulin bound within the glomerulus acting as an antibody. The later, autologous phase of injury is mediated by the host's adaptive immunity to the heterologous globulin now functioning as a planted foreign antigen within glomeruli. As autologous phase injury is driven by immunity to sheep globulin, assessment of antigen‐specific systemic immunity to sheep globulin is critical when using this model. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 106:15.26.1‐15.26.20. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Catalytic Electrophilic Halogenations and Haloalkoxylations by Non‐Heme Iron Halides
Authors: Rana Sujoy , Bag Sukdev , Patra Tuhin , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSynthetic non‐heme iron halides promote sub‐stoichiometric aliphatic halogenation reactions via a radical mechanism. Complementary to such activity, we have developed an electrophilic halogenation of arenes employing non‐heme iron halides. A catalytic version of these reactions has also been developed using potassium halide as the source of halogen atom for arenes at room temperature. Efforts towards understanding the mechanism of these catalytic halogenation reactions led to the discovery of the haloalkoxylation of olefins by a non‐heme iron complex. Implications of these findings with respect to natural transformations are also discussed.magnified image
Formation of melt and solution spun polycaprolactone fibers by centrifugal spinning
Authors: Zander Nicole E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTNano‐ and microfibers have a myriad of applications ranging from filtration, composites, energy harvesting, to tissue engineering and drug delivery. Electrospinning, the most common method to produce such fibers, has many limitations including low fiber output and solvent dependency. Centrifugal spinning is a new technique that uses centrifugal forces to form nano‐ and microfibers both from solution and the melt. In this work, the effect of melt temperature, collector distance, rotation speed, and concentration (for polymer solutions) of polycaprolactone were evaluated with respect to fiber morphology, diameter, alignment, and crystallinity. The fiber diameter generally decreased with increasing rotation speed and reduced concentration. Crystallinity for spun fibers decreased compared to the bulk polymer. Fiber alignment was improved with rotation speed for the melt‐spun fibers. The fiber mats were evaluated as tissue scaffolds with neuronal PC12 cells. The cells adhered and extended neurites along the fibers for both melt and solution‐spun scaffolds. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41269.
Rapid Reconstitution of Biosynthetic Machinery for Fungal Metabolites in Aspergillus oryzae: Total Biosynthesis of Aflatrem
Authors: Tagami Koichi , Minami Atsushi , Fujii Ryuya , Liu Chengwei , Tanaka Mizuki , Gomi Katsuya , Dairi Tohru , Oikawa Hideaki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReconstitution of the biosynthetic machinery for fungal secondary metabolites in Aspergillus oryzae provides an opportunity both for stepwise determination of the biosynthetic pathways and the total biosynthesis of fungal natural products. However, to maximize the utility of the reconstitution system, a simple and rapid strategy for the introduction of heterologous genes into A. oryzae is required. In this study, we demonstrated an effective method for introducing multiple genes involved in the biosynthesis of fungal metabolites by using the expression vectors pUARA2 and pUSA2, each of which contains two cloning sites. The successful introduction of all the aflatrem biosynthetic genes (seven genes in total) after two rounds of transformation enabled the total biosynthesis of aflatrem. This rapid reconstitution strategy will facilitate the functional analysis of the biosynthetic machinery of fungal metabolites.
Asymmetric Hydrocyanation of Nitroolefins Catalyzed by an Aluminum(III) Salen Complex
Authors: Jakhar Ajay , Sadhukhan Arghya , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Saravanan S. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChiral AlIII salen complexes were synthesized and used as catalysts for the asymmetric hydrocyanation of nitroolefins using 4‐phenylpyridine N‐oxide as an additive and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) as a source of cyanide. An excellent yield of β‐nitronitrile (87 %) and enantioselectivity (90 %) were achieved if (2‐nitrovinyl)cyclohexane was used as a substrate at −15 °C in 16 h. To understand the interaction of the AlIII salen complex and additive, NMR and IR spectroscopic studies revealed that 4‐phenylpyridine N‐oxide acts both as an axial ligand and helps to activate the cyanide source TMSCN, which thereby increases the reactivity. A catalytic cycle was proposed based on the spectroscopic studies.
Understanding the Guanidine‐Like Cationic Moiety for Optimal Binding into the DNA Minor Groove
Authors: O'Sullivan Patrick , Rozas Isabel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBased on our previous positive results with bis‐guanidine‐like diaromatic compounds as DNA minor groove binders, we propose a new family: bis‐2‐amino‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidines. According to calculated parameters, these dicationic systems would have a more suitable size and lipophilicity for binding into the minor groove than previous series. Moreover, their DFT‐optimised structures and docking into an AT oligomer model show that they would bind in the minor groove with good strength and without energy penalty. Hence, we prepared compounds 4 a–c and evaluated their binding to ssDNA and poly(dA‐dT)2 by thermal denaturation experiments. The results showed that 4 a (CO) and 4 d (NH) were the best DNA binders. Compared to the previous series, 4 a–d are better binders than bis‐guanidiniums but poorer than bis‐2‐aminoimidazolinium derivatives. Moreover, circular dichroism experiments using ssDNA and poly(dA‐dT)2 confirmed binding into the minor groove. Based on our computational design as well as biophysical studies, we have been able to determine that the optimal interaction of guanidine‐like dications in the minor grove occurs with bis‐2‐aminoimidazolinium systems.
Hearing molecules, mechanism and transportation: Modeled in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bokolia Naveen Prakash , Mishra Monalisa 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMechanosensory transduction underlies the perception of touch, sound and acceleration. The mechanical signals exist in the environment are resensed by the specialized mechanosensory cells, which convert the external forces into the electrical signals. Hearing is a magnificent example that relies on the mechanotransduction mediated by the auditory cells, for example the inner‐ear hair cells in vertebrates and the Johnston's organ (JO) in fly. Previous studies have shown the fundamental physiological processes in the fly and vertebrate auditory organs are similar, suggesting that there might be a set of similar molecules underlying these processes. The molecular studies of the fly JO have been shown to be remarkably successful in discovering the developmental and functional genes that provided further implications in vertebrates. Several evolutionarily conserved molecules and signaling pathways have been shown to govern the development of the auditory organs in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The current review describes the similarities and differences between the vertebrate and fly auditory organs at developmental, structural, molecular, and transportation levels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 109–130, 2015
Trigonal Bipyramidal or Square Pyramidal Coordination Geometry? Investigating the Most Potent Geometry for Vanadium Phosphatase Inhibitors
Authors: Crans Debbie C. , Tarlton Michael L. , McLauchlan Craig C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe five‐coordinate geometry is an important factor in phosphoryl group transfer, particularly for phosphate ester hydrolysis. In the following review we analyze the five‐coordinate geometries for a range of VO4X coordination spheres with regard to their structure from the point of view of square pyramidal or trigonal bipyramidal geometries. The actual differences for the coordination environment of the reported small molecule structures are compared to the coordination environment of vanadate complexed to a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) with four coordinating O atoms and one S atom. These considerations demonstrate that actual differences between the coordination environments are very small and presumably less critical than generally anticipated. This analysis suggests that it is a combination of structural and electronic properties leading to the perfect combination of reactivity and stability for the potent protein phosphatase inhibitor complex, thus confirming the fact that some other geometries have been reported.
A Note on the Efficiencies of Sampling Strategies in Two‐Stage Bayesian Regional Fine Mapping of a Quantitative Trait
Authors: Chen Zhijian , Craiu Radu V. , Bull Shelley B. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn focused studies designed to follow up associations detected in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), investigators can proceed to fine‐map a genomic region by targeted sequencing or dense genotyping of all variants in the region, aiming to identify a functional sequence variant. For the analysis of a quantitative trait, we consider a Bayesian approach to fine‐mapping study design that incorporates stratification according to a promising GWAS tag SNP in the same region. Improved cost‐efficiency can be achieved when the fine‐mapping phase incorporates a two‐stage design, with identification of a smaller set of more promising variants in a subsample taken in stage 1, followed by their evaluation in an independent stage 2 subsample. To avoid the potential negative impact of genetic model misspecification on inference we incorporate genetic model selection based on posterior probabilities for each competing model. Our simulation study shows that, compared to simple random sampling that ignores genetic information from GWAS, tag‐SNP‐based stratified sample allocation methods reduce the number of variants continuing to stage 2 and are more likely to promote the functional sequence variant into confirmation studies.
Differential regulation of NMDAR and NMDAR‐mediated metaplasticity by anandamide and 2‐AG in the hippocampus
Authors: Yang Kai , Lei Gang , Xie Yu‐Feng , MacDonald John F. , Jackson Michael F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEndocannabinoids (eCBs), including AEA and 2‐AG, are endogenous signaling mediators involved in many physiological and pathological events. The G protein‐coupled cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is an important target for eCBs, however, additional non‐CB1 receptor targets have also been identified. Although recent evidence suggests that NMDA receptor function may be regulated by eCBs, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Using acutely isolated CA1 neurons and slices from the hippocampus, we found that both AEA and 2‐AG potentiate NMDAR‐mediated currents independently of CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) and via distinct signaling pathways. Potentiation by AEA requires the activation of TRPV1 channels. In contrast, potentiation by 2‐AG requires the sequential activation of PKC and Src. Additionally, in hippocampal slices, we found that both AEA and 2‐AG induce NMDAR‐mediated metaplasticity and facilitate the induction of subsequent LTD independently of CB1Rs. Enhanced LTD by AEA, but not 2‐AG, was dependent on TRPV1 channels. Our findings reveal previously unrecognized non‐CB1R‐dependent signaling cascades through which the two major eCBs regulate NMDA receptor function and consequently synaptic plasticity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative role and extent of marine and groundwater inundation on a dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios
Authors: Manda Alex K. , Sisco Michael S. , Mallinson David J. , Griffin Michael T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractClimate change and sea‐level rise will have severe impacts on coastal water resources around the world. However, whereas the influence of marine inundation is well documented in the literature, the impact of groundwater inundation on coastal communities is not well known. Here, core analysis, groundwater monitoring, and ground penetrating radar are utilized to assess the groundwater regime of the surficial aquifer on Bogue Banks Barrier Island (USA). Then, geospatial techniques are used to assess the relative roles and extents of groundwater and marine inundation on the dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 m above current conditions by 2100. Additionally, the effects of rising water tables on onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are modelled using the projected sea‐level rise scenarios. The results indicate that the surficial aquifer comprising fine to medium sands responds quickly to precipitation. Water‐level measurements reveal varying thicknesses of the vadose zone (>3 to 0 m) and several groundwater mounds with radial flow patterns. Results from projected sea‐level rise scenarios suggest that owing to aquifer properties and morphology of the island, groundwater inundation may occur at the same rate as marine inundation. Furthermore, the area inundated by groundwater may be as significant as that affected by marine inundation. The results also show that the proportion of land in the study area where OWTS may be perpetually compromised by rising water tables under worst case scenarios may range from ~43 to ~54% over an 86‐year‐period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of primary neuronal cell proliferation using printing‐transferred carbon nanotube sheets
Authors: Kang Dong‐Wan , Sun Fangfang , Choi Yoon Ji , Zou Fengming , Cho Won‐Ho , Choi Byung‐Kwan , Koh Kwangnak , Lee Jaebeom , Han In Ho 
Published: August 2014

AbstractArtificial nerve guidance conduits (aNGCs) prepared from polymer scaffolds and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique chemical and physical properties, and have been widely used in preclinical trials to promote neuronal differentiation and growth. However, there have been only a few reports on the clinical applicability of CNT sheets for proliferation of primary neuronal cells due to safety concerns. The present study assesses the ability and potential applicability of multiwalled CNTs (MWNTs) composited with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets to promote and enhance the proliferation of primary neuronal cells. In this study, the aqueous MWNT dispersion was filtered, and the PDMS/MWNT sheets were prepared using a simple printing transfer method. Characterization of PDMS/MWNT sheets demonstrated their unique physical properties such as superior mechanical strength and electroconductivity when compared with PDMS sheets. The effect of the PDMS/MWNT sheets on the neural cell proliferation and cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT and alamar blue assays. Our results indicate the viability and proliferation of primary neuronal cells and Schwann cells in PDMS/MWNT sheets increased over twice when compared with a noncoated dish that is not usual in the primary neuronal cell growth control (p < 0.05). In addition, PDMS/MWNT sheets enhanced the adhesion and viability of the cells compared with poly‐l‐lysine coated dishes, which are most commonly used for improving cell adherence. Additionally, the PDMS/MWNT sheets exhibited excellent biocompatibility for culturing neuronal and Schwann cells. Overall, all assessments indicate that PDMS/MWNT sheets are ideal candidates for the development of artificial nerve conduits for clinical use following peripheral nerve injury. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1746–1754, 2015.
Free‐breathing multislice native myocardial T1 mapping using the slice‐interleaved T1 (STONE) sequence
Authors: Weingärtner Sebastian , Roujol Sébastien , Akçakaya Mehmet , Basha Tamer A. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo develop a novel pulse sequence for free‐breathing, multislice, native myocardial T1 mapping.MethodsThe slice‐interleaved T1 (STONE) sequence consists of multiple sets of single‐shot images of different slices, acquired after a single nonselective inversion pulse. Each slice is only selectively excited once after each inversion pulse to allow sampling of the unperturbed longitudinal magnetization in the adjacent slices. For respiratory motion, a prospective slice‐tracking respiratory navigator is used to decrease through‐plane motion followed by a retrospective image registration to reduce in‐plane motion. STONE T1 maps were calculated using both a two‐parameter and three‐parameter fit model. The accuracy and precision of the STONE sequence for different T1, T2, and inversion pulse efficiency were studied using numerical simulations and phantom experiments. T1 maps from 14 subjects were acquired with the STONE sequence and T1s were compared to the MOdified Look‐Locker Inversion recovery sequence (MOLLI).ResultsIn numerical simulations and phantom experiments, the STONE sequence using a two‐parameter fit model yields more accurate T1 times compared to MOLLI, with similar high precision. The three‐parameter fit model further improves the accuracy, but with a reduced precision. The native myocardial T1 times were higher in the STONE sequence using two‐ or three‐parameter fit compared to MOLLI. The standard deviation of the T1 times was lower in the STONE T1 maps with a two‐parameter fit compared with MOLLI or a three‐parameter fit.ConclusionThe STONE sequence allows accurate and precise quantification of native myocardial T1 times with the additional benefit of covering the entire ventricle. Magn Reson Med 74:115–124, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Chromogenic Probe for the Selective Recognition of Sarin and Soman Mimic DFP
Authors: El Sayed Sameh , Pascual Lluís , Agostini Alessandro , Martínez-Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix , Costero Ana M. , Parra Margarita , Gil Salvador 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and sensing features of a novel probe 1 for the selective chromogenic recognition of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a sarin and soman mimic, in 99:1 (v/v) water/acetonitrile and in the gas phase is reported. Colour modulation is based on the combined reaction of phosphorylation of 1 and fluoride‐induced hydrolysis of a silyl ether moiety. As fluoride is a specific reaction product of the reaction between DFP and the −OH group, the probe shows a selective colour modulation in the presence of this chemical. Other nerve agent simulants, certain anions, oxidant species and other organophosphorous compounds were unable to induce colour changes in 1. This is one of the very few examples of a selective detection, in solution and in the gas phase, of a sarin and soman simulant versus other reactive derivatives such as the tabun mimic diethylcyanophosphate (DCNP).
ELECTORAL GENDER QUOTAS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD TRADITIONAL LEADERS: A POLICY EXPERIMENT IN LESOTHO
Authors: Clayton Amanda 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe adoption of electoral gender quotas has increased dramatically in the last 20 years, receiving praise for transforming the composition of political bodies worldwide. Gender quotas, however, have also been criticized as an unsuccessful tool in challenging the de facto power of traditional patriarchal elites. The case of Lesotho provides a randomized policy experiment to test for changes in the influence of traditional leaders after quota adoption at the subnational level. Between 2005 and 2011, Lesotho reserved at random 30 percent of all newly formed single‐member local electoral divisions for only female candidates. Using a unique data set by merging the 2008 Afro‐barometer survey with the reservation status of respondents’ villages, I find that having a quota‐mandated female leader significantly reduces the perceived influence of traditional leaders. Further, I find that this treatment effect holds across different demographic groups, suggesting a widespread policy impact.