bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Cultivating Knowledge in University‐Industry‐Government Partnerships — Qatar as a Case Study
Authors: Abduljawad Haytham 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn 2008, the state of Qatar articulated a national vision to transform its hydrocarbon‐based economy to a knowledge based economy (KBE) by the year 2030. A KBE derives its value from intangible assets (knowledge) where production, distribution, and utilization of such assets are the main drivers for economic growth and wealth generation. Knowledge assets are created through various intra and inter organization processes. University‐Industry‐Government (UIG) collaborations are major contributors to knowledge assets at organizational and national levels. UIG partnership is a fairly new concept and a complex process that has not been formally implemented, supported, or monitored in the state of Qatar. To explore the UIG partnership, and to assess the effectiveness of knowledge creation and exchange, a single case study method was used to capture and reveal perspectives of participants involved in the partnership. Based on perspectives from 31 participants from (a) Qatar University, (b) Oil and Gas industry organizations and (c) government and semi government institutions in the state of Qatar, organizations are indeed taking initial steps to stimulate and deepen university‐industry partnerships. This paper identifies challenges in cultivating the knowledge created and transferred from UIG partnerships and recommends key solutions to the challenges organizations are faced with in efforts to institutionalize the knowledge that is produced from collaborations with academia.
Randomised, multicentre trial of micafungin vs. an institutional standard regimen for salvage treatment of invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Cornely Oliver A. , Meems Lambertus , Herbrecht Raoul , Viscoli Claudio , van Amsterdam Ronald G. M. , Ruhnke Markus 
Published: December 2014

SummaryInvasive aspergillosis remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating new options for salvage therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of micafungin as salvage monotherapy in patients with invasive aspergillosis. Patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis, who were refractory or intolerant to previous systemic antifungal therapy, were randomised 2 : 1 to receive 300 mg day−1 intravenous micafungin monotherapy or an intravenous control monotherapy [lipid amphotericin B (5 mg kg−1 day−1), voriconazole (8 mg kg−1 day−1) or caspofungin (50 mg day−1)] for 3–12 weeks. Patients underwent final assessment 12 weeks after treatment start. Seventeen patients with invasive aspergillosis (proven, n = 2; probable, n = 14; not recorded, n = 1) participated in the study (micafungin arm, n = 12; control arm, n = 5). Three patients each in the micafungin (25.0%; 95% CI: 5.5–57.2) and control arm (60.0%; 95% CI: 14.7–94.7) had successful therapy at end of treatment as assessed by an Independent Data Review Board. Eleven patients died; six due to invasive aspergillosis. No deaths were considered related to study treatment. During this study it became increasingly common to use combination treatment for salvage therapy. Consequently, enrolment was low and the study was discontinued early. No clear trends in efficacy and safety can be concluded.
Design and participant baseline characteristics of ‘A Clinical Trial of IntensiVE Dialysis’: The ACTIVE Dialysis Study
Authors: Jardine Meg J , Zuo LI , Gray Nicholas A , de Zoysa Janak , Chan Christopher T , Gallagher Martin P , Howard Kirsten , Hertier Stephane , Cass Alan , Perkovic Vlado ,   ACTIVE Dialysis Steering Committee
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsObservational reports suggest extended dialysis hours are associated with improved outcomes. These findings are confounded by better prognostic characteristics among people practising extended hours. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the methods and baseline characteristics for ACTIVE Dialysis Study participants.MethodsThis multicentre, randomized, open‐label, blinded endpoint‐assessment trial randomized participants receiving maintenance haemodialysis therapy to either extended (≥24 h) or standard (12–18 h) weekly haemodialysis for 12 months. A web‐based randomization system used minimization to ensure balanced allocation across regions, dialysis setting and dialysis vintage. The primary outcome is the change in quality of life over 12 months of study treatment assessed by EQ‐5D. Secondary outcomes include change in left ventricular mass index assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and safety outcomes including dialysis access events.ResultsA total of 200 participants were recruited between 2009 and 2013 from Australia (29.0%), China (62.0%), Canada (5.5%) and New Zealand (3.5%). Participants had a mean age of 52 (± 12) years and 11.5% were dialysing at home, with a mean duration of 13.9 h per week over a median of three sessions. At baseline, 32.5% had a history of cardiovascular disease and 36.5% had diabetes.ConclusionThe ACTIVE Dialysis Study has met its planned recruitment target. The participant population are drawn from a range of health service settings in a global context. The study will contribute important evidence on the benefits and harms of extending weekly dialysis hours. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00649298).
A change in anticoagulation monitoring improves safety, reduces transfusion, and reduces costs in infants on cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Machovec Kelly A. , Jooste Edmund H. , Walczak Richard J. , Homi Hercilia Mayumi , Jaquiss Robert D. B. , Lodge Andrew J. , Ames Warwick A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundAn immature coagulation system coupled with the hypothermia and hemodilution associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants makes the activated clotting time (ACT) an ineffective monitor for anticoagulation in this population. The Medtronic HMS Plus Hemostasis Management System (HMS; Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) is shown to decrease thrombin generation and blood product requirements.AimWe conducted a quality improvement initiative to test our hypothesis that the use of HMS results in reduced incidence of subtherapeutic ACT values, blood product usage, and operating room time for infants undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsFifty consecutive patients weighing <10 kg having cardiac surgery requiring CPB had anticoagulation managed by the HMS. Data were compared to that of 50 consecutive patients weighing <10 kg having cardiac surgery who had their anticoagulation monitored by the ACT alone. Comparisons between categorical variables were performed with chi‐square tests. Comparisons between continuous variables were performed with the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test. Statistical significance was defined as two‐tailed P value < 0.05.ResultsThe HMS group had a 61% decrease in incidence of ACT values <480 s and elimination of ACT values < 400 s at any time on bypass. The HMS group received fewer blood products and spent fewer minutes in the operating room after protamine administration, translating to fewer donor exposures and a savings of $403 in transfusion costs and $440 in operating room time costs.ConclusionOur findings highlight the benefits of individualized heparinization for pediatric patients undergoing CPB with a monitored heparinization system.
Ventral Midline Blanching in the Setting of Segmental Infantile Hemangiomas: Clinical Observations and Pathogenetic Implications
Authors: Feigenbaum Dana F. , Sybert Virginia P. , Vanderhooft Sheryll L. , Siegel Dawn , Drolet Beth A. , Frieden Ilona J. , Mathes Erin F. D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAreas of blanched skin in children may be seen as an independent finding or in association with vascular birthmarks. We performed a retrospective chart review to identify and describe infants with areas of ventral midline blanching in the presence of segmental infantile hemangiomas. We identified nine full‐term infants with partial or full segmental hemangiomas and areas of midline ventral blanching. Additional ventral wall defects were seen in five patients. Six had cardiac anomalies and six had intracranial anomalies. Five were diagnosed with definite PHACE (posterior fossa, hemangioma, arterial, cardiac, and eye abnormalities) syndrome and three had possible PHACE syndrome. Eight were complicated by ulceration. Treatment varied according to the case. Ventral blanching, even in the absence of overt midline defects, can be seen in infants with segmental hemangiomas at risk for PHACE syndrome. We hypothesize that midline blanching may represent a minor manifestation of a developmental ventral defect.
Exploring the effects of social anxiety similarity in newly developed same‐sex friendships
Authors: BOUCHER ELIANE M. , JACOBSON JILL A. , CUMMINGS JORDEN A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn studying the interpersonal consequences of social anxiety (SA), researchers generally have neglected to account for partner levels of SA. Therefore, in the current study, we examined how SA similarity would influence interpersonal closeness and uncertainty during the early stages of friendship development. Fifty‐six same‐sex friend pairs completed measures of SA, closeness, and uncertainty after knowing each other for approximately 1 month and then again 6 weeks later. Although higher levels of SA at Time 1 were related to more uncertainty, similarity had no effect on closeness or uncertainty at Time 1. However, friends matched on SA experienced increased closeness and decreased uncertainty over the 6 weeks, suggesting SA similarity may become increasingly important as friendships develop.
Spectroscopic Properties of Morin in Various CH3OH–H2O and CH3CN–H2O Mixed Solvents
Authors: Park Hyoung‐Ryun , Im Seo‐Eun , Seo Jung‐Ja , Kim Bong‐Gon , Yoon Jin Ah , Bark Ki‐Min 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe specific fluorescence properties of morin (3,2′,4′,5,7‐pentahydroxyflavone) were studied in various CH3OH–H2O and CH3CN–H2O mixed solvents. Although the dihedral angle is large in the S0 state, morin has an almost planar molecular structure in the S1 state owing to the very low rotational energy barrier around the interring bond between B and the A, C ring. The excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) at the S1 state cannot occur immediately after excitation, S1 → S0 fluorescence can be observed. Two conformers, Morin A and B have been known. At the CH3OH–H2O, Morin B will be the principal species but at the CH3CN–H2O, Morin A is the principal species. At the CH3OH–H2O, owing to the large Franck–Condon (FC) factor for S2 → S1 internal convernal (IC) and flexible molecular structure, only S1 → S0 fluorescence was exhibited. At the CH3CN–H2O, as the FC factor for S2 → S1 IC is small and molecular structure is rigid, S2 → S0 and S1 → S0 dual fluorescence was observed. This abnormal fluorescence property was further supported by the small pK1 value, effective delocalization of the lone pair electrons of C(2′)–OH to the A, C ring, and a theoretical calculation.
Staffing Call Centers with Uncertain Arrival Rates and Co‐sourcing
Authors: Koçağa Yaşar Levent , Armony Mor , Ward Amy R. 
Published: December 2014

In a call center, staffing decisions must be made before the call arrival rate is known with certainty. Once the arrival rate becomes known, the call center may be over‐staffed, in which case staff are being paid to be idle, or under‐staffed, in which case many callers hang‐up in the face of long wait times. Firms that have chosen to keep their call center operations in‐house can mitigate this problem by co‐sourcing; that is, by sometimes outsourcing calls. Then, the required staffing N depends on how the firm chooses which calls to outsource in real time, after the arrival rate realizes and the call center operates as a M/ M/ N + M queue with an outsourcing option. Our objective is to find a joint policy for staffing and call outsourcing that minimizes the long‐run average cost of this two‐stage stochastic program when there is a linear staffing cost per unit time and linear costs associated with abandonments and outsourcing. We propose a policy that uses a square‐root safety staffing rule, and outsources calls in accordance with a threshold rule that characterizes when the system is “too crowded.” Analytically, we establish that our proposed policy is asymptotically optimal, as the mean arrival rate becomes large, when the level of uncertainty in the arrival rate is of the same order as the inherent system fluctuations in the number of waiting customers for a known arrival rate. Through an extensive numerical study, we establish that our policy is extremely robust. In particular, our policy performs remarkably well over a wide range of parameters, and far beyond where it is proved to be asymptotically optimal.
Frontal midline theta as a neurophysiological correlate for deficits of attentional orienting in children with developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Wang Chun‐Hao , Lo Yu‐Hui , Pan Chien‐Yu , Chen Fu‐Chen , Liang Wei‐Kuang , Tsai Chia‐Liang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChildren with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have been demonstrated to show attentional orienting deficits. The neural mechanism, however, has thus far remained elusive. Here, we measure oscillations in the EEG associated with attentional orienting to address this issue. The EEG was recorded from DCD children and typical developing (TD) controls during an eye‐gaze cueing paradigm. DCD group responded more slowly than TD group across all conditions. Additionally, TD group showed higher frontal midline theta activities in both valid and invalid conditions relative to a neutral condition, with such an effect absent in the DCD group. Theta oscillations might reflect attentional processing in relation to the cues being performed in TD group, with the lessened modulation of theta in DCD group possibly reflecting a deficit in attentional orienting. Possible explanations for the DCD‐TD differences in theta oscillation and attentional orienting are discussed.
Representation and Inclusion in Public Organizations: Evidence from the U.K. Civil Service
Authors: Andrews Rhys , Ashworth Rachel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTheories of workforce diversity in the public sector assume that organizations that are more representative of the population they serve are more likely to foster an inclusive work climate in which individuals from different sections of society can thrive. The authors examine this assumption by studying whether gender and minority ethnic representativeness are related to perceptions of inclusiveness and the experience of discrimination and bullying within U.K. civil service organizations. Findings suggest that gender representativeness and minority ethnic representativeness are both associated with an inclusive work climate, with each aspect of representativeness positively related to higher perceptions of inclusion and lower levels of discrimination and bullying. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Identification of blue staining vaccine‐derived material in inflammatory lesions using cultured canine macrophages
Authors: Scruggs Jennifer L. , LeBlanc Casey J. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundVaccine reactions are described in cytology textbooks as having eosinophilic to magenta colored globules within and admixed with inflammatory cells. Recently, we have seen increased numbers of inflammatory lesions containing blue to blue‐gray globular material, with historical information suggesting an association with rabies vaccination.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to confirm the blue‐gray and the eosinophilic material observed microscopically in some inflammatory lesions as being vaccine‐derived.MethodsThree different vaccines were cytocentrifuged and Wright stained. Vaccine aliquots were also added to the culture media of canine‐derived macrophages for 24 hours and the cells subsequently harvested, cytocentrifuged, and Wright stained. The globular material present in both preparations was compared to that observed in vaccine‐induced inflammatory lesions. Morin staining was used to identify metal within vaccine material in both in vitro‐ and in vivo‐derived cytology samples.ResultsVaccine‐derived material has a characteristic color and appearance. Appearance of the material was consistent in cytologic samples, in cells incubated with the vaccine, and in cytocentrifuged preparations of the vaccine vial contents. The blue‐gray globules stained positively for Morin stain, while the eosinophilic material did not stain.ConclusionsVaccine‐induced inflammatory lesions may contain blue to blue‐gray or magenta stained globular material. Blue‐gray material was associated with administration of rabies vaccine Imrab 3TFand the observed material may be metal‐containing adjuvant. Magenta material was associated with other vaccines and negative for Morin stain, suggesting a metal‐free adjuvant.
Gating of dopamine transmission by calcium and axonal N‐, Q‐, T‐ and L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels differs between striatal domains
Authors: Brimblecombe Katherine R. , Gracie Caitlin J. , Platt Nicola J. , Cragg Stephanie J. 
Published: December 2014

Key points
The voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) that catalyse striatal dopamine transmission are critical to dopamine function and might prime subpopulations of neurons for parkinsonian degeneration.
However, the VGCCs that operate on mesostriatal axons are incompletely defined; previous studies encompassed channels on striatal cholinergic interneurons that strongly influence dopamine transmission.
We define that multiple types of axonal VGCCs operate that extend beyond classic presynaptic N/P/Q channels to include T‐ and L‐types.
We reveal differences in VGCC function between mouse axon types that in humans are vulnerable versus resistant to Parkinson's disease. We show for the first time that this is underpinned by different sensitivity of dopamine transmission to extracellular Ca2+ and by different spatiotemporal intracellular Ca2+ microdomains.
These data define key principles of how Ca2+ and VGCCs govern dopamine transmission in the healthy brain and reveal differences between neuron types that might contribute to vulnerability in disease.
AbstractThe axonal voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) that catalyse dopamine (DA) transmission are incompletely defined. Yet, they are critical to DA function and might prime subpopulations of DA neurons for parkinsonian degeneration. Previous studies of VGCCs will have encompassed those on striatal cholinergic interneurons, which strongly influence DA transmission. We identify which VGCCs on DA axons govern DA transmission, we determine their dynamic properties and reveal an underlying basis for differences between the caudate putamen (CPu) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We detected DA release evoked electrically during nicotinic receptor blockade or optogenetically by light activation of channel rhodopsin‐expressing DA axons in mouse striatal slices. Subtype‐specific VGCC blockers indicated that N‐, Q‐, T‐ and L‐VGCCs govern DA release in CPu, but in NAc, T and L‐channels are relatively silent. The roles of the most dominant channels were inversely frequency‐dependent, due to low‐pass filtering of DA release by Ca2+‐dependent relationships between initial release probability and short‐term plasticity. Ca2+ concentration–response curves revealed that differences between CPu and NAc were due to greater underlying Ca2+ sensitivity of DA transmission from CPu axons. Functions for ‘silent’ L‐ and T‐channels in NAc could be unmasked by elevating extracellular [Ca2+]. Furthermore, we identified a greater coupling between BAPTA‐sensitive, fast Ca2+ transients and DA transmission in CPu axons, and evidence for endogenous fast buffering of Ca2+ in NAc. These data reveal that a range of VGCCs operate dynamically on DA axons, depending on local driving forces. Furthermore, they reveal dramatic differences in Ca2+ handling between axonal subpopulations that show different vulnerability to parkinsonian degeneration.
Development of an Operation Point Detection System for Centrifugal Pumps by Classifying the Time Signal of a Single Vibration Sensor
Authors: Licht Christian , Böhle Martin 
Published: December 2014

In industry it is very common that pumps are not operating in their optimal operation point. The consequences are too expensive operation costs and higher loads on individual components of the entire plant. For this reason a method to detect the current operation point of a centrifugal pump has been developed.
The object is to introduce this method during the operation and without changing anything in the system. This method focuses on the monitoring of the vibrations of different operation points of the pump curve through the analysis of time signals of a single vibration acceleration sensor. To identify the current operation point the vibrations of an unknown point are compared to the vibrations of the known points. Extensive laboratory tests have been conducted for this contribution. For implementation of these investigations a test loop was designed. In the first step different time signals from several pump curves have been recorded. The recorded time signals are reduced to a few succinct values, by means of the method of time signal analyses. To classify these values the so called support vector machine is used.
Analyze of the Size of Secondary Droplets due to Film Separation at the Blade Trailing Edge
Authors: Dohmen Hans Josef , Benra Friedrich-Karl , Schepers Cornelius , Schuster Sebastian 
Published: December 2014

In many turbo machinery applications the working fluid is a mixture of a gas and a liquid. In such two-phase flows the liquid phase can be assumed to be a dispersed droplet flow. As the fluid passes the blades, a part of the droplets is deposited on the blades and forms a thin liquid film. At the trailing edge the thin liquid film separates and forms secondary droplets.
In this paper the ability of numerical investigations to study the size of secondary droplets is analyzed. In a first step a program solving the Thin Film Equations is used to analyze the film flow on the inlet guide vanes of an axial compressor. Secondly a CFD study with a Free Surface Model is performed to analyze the film stripping process. The ability of the Free Surface model to investigate film separation is validated against third party experimental results and the pro and contras of the Free-Surface model are presented. In the last step the stability of the formed droplets is investigated and the final droplet size is calculated.
Experimental Modeling of Heat Transfer in a Continuous Casting Mould Model
Authors: Kalter R. , Righolt B. W. , Kenjereš S. , Kleijn C. R. , Tummers M. J. 
Published: December 2014

Temperature distributions in a thin continuous casting mould model have been studied experimentally, using water as a working fluid. The mould model consists of two narrow walls and two broad walls. One of the broad walls of the mould model was cooled with cooling water of a fixed temperature. Inflow of two turbulent jets with a constant high temperature was from a bifurcated nozzle, submerged to a depth of 0.1 m below the air/water interface.
The temperature drop over the mould was measured as a function of the temperature difference between the liquid flowing into the mould and the cooling water temperature. From these measurements the overall heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer coefficient due to convection in the mould were calculated.
Temperature distributions at the cooled wall have been measured using thermochromic liquid crystal sheets, which have a specific color depending on the temperature. The shear layers of the two jets hit the cooled wall, leading to hot spot formation. The jets show a self-sustained oscillating behavior, leading to a non stationary temperature distribution at the cooled wall. Between the jets and the air/water interface, recirculation zones occur where the liquid cools down significantly, leading to large wall temperature differences in the mould.