bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomic networks reveal largely independent root and shoot adjustment in waterlogged plants of Lotus japonicus
Authors: STRIKER GUSTAVO G. , CASAS CECILIA , MANZUR MILENA E. , PLOSCHUK ROCÍO A. , CASAL JORGE J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWaterlogging imposes severe stress to the plant, and the interplay between root and aerial organs in the adjustment to this stress is poorly understood. A set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Lotus japonicus (Gifu B‐129 × Miyakojima MG‐20) was subjected to control and waterlogging conditions for 21 d, and 12 traits related to leaf physiological functioning, root aerenchyma formation, shoot and root morphology, and dry mass accumulation were assessed to generate phenomic networks. The phenomic network became more complex under waterlogging as a result of the incorporation of root aerenchyma and dark‐adapted Fv/Fm. Significant waterlogging‐induced variation was found for stomatal conductance, dark‐adapted Fv/Fm and aerenchyma. The RILs with stronger induction of aerenchyma in response to waterlogging tended to show reduced negative impact of this stress on root growth but suffered average impact on shoot growth. The RILs that retained higher stomatal conductance under waterlogging tended to retain higher dark‐adapted Fv/Fm and shoot growth under waterlogging conditions but showed average impact on root traits. We propose a model where, although the stress experienced by the roots during waterlogging is transmitted to the shoot, shoots and roots deal with waterlogging in a less interdependent manner than often assumed.
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia: Report of a Case with Myelomeningocele, Arnold–Chiari Malformation and Hydrocephalus with a Review of Neurologic Manifestations of Goltz Syndrome
Authors: Peters Tess , Perrier Renee , Haber Richard M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFocal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [OMIM] 305600) is a rare X‐linked dominant congenital disorder involving defects of mesodermal‐ and ectodermal‐derived structures. It is associated with mutations in the PORCN gene, a regulator of Wnt signaling proteins. The phenotype is highly variable, although all describe characteristic skin findings as a primary diagnostic feature. To date there are few case reports of focal dermal hypoplasia associated with central nervous system abnormalities. We report the second case of focal dermal hypoplasia associated with myelomenigocele, Arnold–Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus and the first in a male. Genetic testing identified a novel mosaic three base pair deletion within the PORCN gene (c.853_855delACG). This case highlights the importance of neurological evaluation in focal dermal hypoplasia and consideration of other syndromes more commonly associated with central nervous system abnormalities. In this report we summarize the literature on neurological manifestations in Goltz syndrome.
Bullous Sweet's Syndrome After Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor Therapy in a Child with Congenital Neutropenia
Authors: Akilov Oleg E. , Desai Nisha , Jaffe Ronald , Gehris Robin P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present the case of a 20‐month‐old boy with congenital neutropenia for which he was being treated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) who developed bullous Sweet's syndrome. Because of the challenging and extensive differential diagnosis of an acute bullous eruption in an immunocompromised child, we highlight the importance of a prompt and precise diagnosis before initiation of any systemic therapy in children with Sweet's syndrome.
Logical Constants, or How to use Invariance in Order to Complete the Explication of Logical Consequence
Authors: Bonnay Denis 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe problem of logical constants consists in finding a principled way to draw the line between those expressions of a language that are logical and those that are not. The criterion of invariance under permutation, attributed to Tarski, is probably the most common answer to this problem, at least within the semantic tradition. However, as the received view on the matter, it has recently come under heavy attack. Does this mean that the criterion should be amended, or maybe even that it should be abandoned? I shall review the different types of objections that have been made against invariance as a logicality criterion and distinguish between three kinds of objections, skeptical worries against the very relevance of such a demarcation, intensional warnings against the level at which the criterion operates, and extensional quarrels against the results that are obtained. I shall argue that the first two kinds of objections are at least partly misguided and that the third kind of objection calls for amendment rather than abandonment.
Policy Considerations for Improving Influenza Vaccination Rates among Pregnant Women
Authors: Mollard Elizabeth K. , Guenzel Nicholas , Brown Peggy A. , Keeler Heidi J. , Cramer Mary E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza exposure during pregnancy can cause severe health problems for both the mother and her offspring, including an increased risk of mortality. Influenza vaccination during all trimesters of pregnancy is safe and effective, and recommended by professional organizations such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Despite these recommendations, the U.S. vaccination rates remain low in this high‐risk population.MethodA policy analysis based on the five‐part method identified by Teitelbaum and Wilensky () addresses factors to consider in identifying the best voluntary policy options to improve the vaccination rates. The authors provide discussion of the background, landscape, and stakeholder interests and the pros and cons of two voluntary policy options to increase vaccination. The policy options include: (a) financial incentives for providers and (b) an education emphasis for providers and staff.ConclusionsThe authors conclude that based on considerations of cost, provider preference, and practicality of implementation, a continuing educational intervention is the preferred policy venue to increase vaccination rates.
Genome‐wide association studies identify locus on 6p21 influencing lung function in the Korean population
Authors: Kim Woo Jin , Lee Mi Kyeong , Shin Chol , Cho Nam Han , Lee Sang Do , Oh Yeon‐Mok , Sung Joohon 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveLoss of lung function is an important chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotype and decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) is an independent risk factor of morbidity and mortality. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) identifying genetic variants underlying lung function have been performed mostly in Caucasian populations. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic variants influencing lung function in a Korean population.MethodsGWAS on lung function (FEV1 and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio) were performed in two cohort studies. A population‐based cohort, the Korean Association Resource phase 3 (KARE3) (6223 subjects), served as a discovery set. The replication analysis was performed in a family‐based cohort, the Healthy Twin Study (HTS; 2730 subjects). Dense single‐nucleotide polymorphism array data from each study were imputed and used for genetic analysis.ResultsAt the discovery phase, variants in 6p21 and 17q24 showed the strongest association with FEV1/FVC ratio and FEV1. Several variants in FAM13A on 4q22 locus exhibited positive association with FEV1/FVC ratio. In the replication set, PPT2 in the 6p21 region showed significant association with lung function in the HTS, although the 4q22 locus and the 17q24 locus were not replicated.ConclusionsWe identified that PPT2 on chromosome 6p21 is associated with loss of lung function in the Korean population.
Some Statistical Properties of Efficiency Robust Tests with Applications to Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Zheng Gang , Li Qizhai , Yuan Ao 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough efficiency robust tests are preferred for genetic association studies when the genetic model is unknown, their statistical properties have been studied for different study designs separately under special situations. We study some statistical properties of the maximin efficiency robust test and a maximum‐type robust test (MAX3) under a general setting and obtain unified results. The results can also be applied to testing hypothesis with a constrained two‐dimensional parameter space. The results are applied to genetic association studies using case–parents trio data.
Molecular systematics of the bark lice infraorder Caeciliusetae (Insecta: Psocodea)
Authors: YOSHIZAWA KAZUNORI , MOCKFORD EDWARD L. , JOHNSON KEVIN P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of bark lice and parasitic lice (Insecta: Psocodea) have been studied in a number of recent molecular phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences. Many of these studies have focused on the position of parasitic lice within the free‐living bark lice. However, fewer such studies have examined the relationships among major groups of free‐living bark lice and their implications for classification. In this study we focus on the infraorder Caeciliusetae, a large group of bark lice (˜1000 species) within the suborder Psocomorpha. Using sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, we estimated the phylogeny for relationships among the five recognized families within the infraorder Caeciliusetae. Based on the results, the sister‐group relationship and respective monophyly of Stenopsocidae and Dasydemellidae is strongly supported. Monophyly of the larger families Amphipsocidae and Caeciliusidae was not supported, although the causes of this were the placement of two distinct subfamilies (Paracaeciliinae and Calocaeciliinae). The monophyly of Asiopsocidae could not be tested because it was sampled only by one species. Based on these results and consideration of morphological characters, we propose a new classification for Caeciliusetae, recognizing six families: Amphipsocidae, Stenopsocidae, Dasydemellidae, Asiopsocidae, Paracaeciliidae and Caeciliusidae. We expect that this new classification will stabilize the higher‐level taxonomy of this group and help to identify groups in need of further work among these insects.
Traumatic coagulopathy‐Part 2: Resuscitative strategies
Authors: Palmer Lee , Martin Linda 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss the current resuscitative strategies for trauma‐induced hemorrhagic shock and acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC).EtiologyHemorrhagic shock can be acutely fatal if not immediately and appropriately treated. The primary tenets of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation are to arrest hemorrhage and restore the effective circulating volume. Large volumes of isotonic crystalloids have been the resuscitative strategy of choice; however, data from experimental animal models and retrospective human analyses now recognize that large‐volume fluid resuscitation in uncontrolled hemorrhage may be deleterious. The optimal resuscitative strategy has yet to be defined. In human trauma, implementing damage control resuscitation with damage control surgery for controlling ongoing hemorrhage, acidosis, and hypothermia; managing ATC; and restoring effective circulating volume is emerging as a more optimal resuscitative strategy. With hyperfibrinolysis playing an integral role in the manifestation of ATC, the use of antifibrinolytics (eg, tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid) may also serve a beneficial role in the early posttraumatic period. Considering the sparse information regarding these resuscitative techniques in veterinary medicine, veterinarians are left with extrapolating information from human trials and experimental animal models.DiagnosisViscoelastic tests integrated with predictive scoring systems may prove to be the most reliable methods for early detection of ATC as well as for guiding transfusion requirements.SummaryHemorrhage accounts for up to 40% of human trauma‐related deaths and remains the leading cause of preventable death in human trauma. The exact proportion of trauma‐related deaths due to exsanguinations in veterinary patients remains uncertain. Survivability depends upon achieving rapid definitive hemostasis, early attenuation of posttraumatic coagulopathy, and timely restoration of effective circulating volume. Early institution of damage control resuscitation in severely injured patients with uncontrolled hemorrhage has the ability to curtail posttraumatic coagulopathy and the exacerbation of metabolic acidosis and hypothermia and improve survival until definitive hemostasis is achieved.
The use of dermal substitutes in burn surgery: Acute phase
Authors: Shahrokhi Shahriar , Arno Anna , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMajor burns represent a challenge in autologous skin coverage and may lead to severe functional and cosmetic sequelae. Dermal substitutes are increasingly becoming an essential part of burn care during the acute phase of treatment. In the long term dermal substitutes improve functional and cosmetic results and thus enhance quality of life. In the chronic wound setting, dermal substitutes are used to reconstruct and improve burn scars and defects. Despite the potential of dermal substitutes, further research is required to strengthen scientific evidence regarding their effects and also to develop new technologies and products. Furthermore, dermal substitutes have a pivotal role in future research strategies as they have the potential to provide adequate scaffold for stem cells, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine with conceivable application of obtaining long‐lasting and scarless artificial skin. This review discusses the status quo of dermal substitutes and novel strategies in the use of dermal substitutes with a focus on burn care.
A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life
Authors: Attia Enas A. S. , Belal Dina M. I. , El Samahy May H. , El Hamamsy Manal H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhen wounds are treated with regular insulin, they are also being treated with zinc; used in the formula to crystallize insulin molecules. It is not clear if regular insulin‐accelerated wound healing is due to insulin, the zinc it contains, or both. Thus, we aimed to compare topical regular crystalline insulin (containing zinc) vs. aqueous zinc chloride solution to controls, on healing of open uncomplicated cutaneous wounds. In this randomized controlled pilot study, 90 nondiabetic patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups depending on the twice daily applications received; group I: regular insulin; group II: aqueous zinc chloride solution, and group III: 0.9% saline (control). A questionnaire was used to determine the effect of wounds on the quality of life. Both topical regular crystalline insulin (containing zinc) and aqueous zinc chloride solution enhanced healing of uncomplicated cutaneous wounds of nondiabetic patients, than control (p < 0.001), and hence improved patients' quality of life. However, regular insulin showed better results than aqueous zinc solution (p = 0.015), probably due to synergistic effect between insulin and zinc of its formulation. Healing rate was significantly higher in acute than chronic wounds (p < 0.001), in those ≤40 years than those >40 (p = 0.004), and in upper body wounds than lower body (p = 0.015).
A novel decontaminant and wound healant formulation of N,N′‐dichloro‐bis[2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl]urea against sulfur mustard–induced skin injury
Authors: Lomash Vinay , Pant Satish C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSulfur mustard (SM)–induced dermatotoxicity can be prevented by an immediate use of decontamination agents. However, practically due to the time lapse between decontamination and exposure, there is always a possibility of wound formation. In view of this, a hydrophilic decontamination formulation of CC‐2 (DRDE/WH‐03) was fortified with Aloe vera gel and betaine (DRDE/WH‐01) for improving its wound healing ability. Swiss albino mice were exposed to SM percutaneously (5 mg/kg) once, and after 24 hours, DRDE/WH‐01, DRDE/WH‐03, framycetin, and aloe gel were applied topically, daily for 7 days. Skin sections were subjected to histopathology, histomorphologic grading, tissue leukocytosis, and immunohistochemistry of inflammatory‐reparative biomarkers on 3 and 7 days, respectively. DRDE/WH‐01, framycetin, and aloe gel showed better reepithelialization, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia compared with DRDE/WH‐03 and SM control. On the basis of histomorphologic scale, DRDE/WH‐01, framycetin, and aloe gel were found to be equally efficacious. Up‐regulation of interleukin‐6 and infiltrating leukocytes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiogenesis, fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor‐alpha with fibroplasia and reepithelialization were well correlated at various stages of the healing process. DRDE/WH‐01 was equally effective as framycetin and has shown improved wound healing efficacy compared with DRDE/WH‐03. Thus, DRDE/WH‐01 can be recommended as a universal decontaminant and wound healant against vesicant‐induced skin injury.
Insulin protects against damage to pulmonary endothelial tight junctions after thermal injury: Relationship with zonula occludens‐1, F‐actin, and AKT activity
Authors: Han Jun‐Tao , Zhang Wan‐Fu , Wang Yun‐Chuan , Cai Wei‐Xia , Lv Gen‐Fa , Hu Da‐Hai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntensive insulin therapy during critical illness protects the endothelium and thereby prevents organ failure. This study tested the hypothesis that insulin directly affects the attenuation of burn injury‐induced damage to pulmonary endothelial tight junction and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Sprague Dawley rats with severe burn injury were randomized to treatment with insulin dissolved in normal saline (maintenance of blood glucose at a level between 5.0 and 7.0 mmol/L) or normal saline alone (in vivo treatment). Pulmonary damage was evaluated. Rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were treated with 20% burn serum or 20% burn serum + insulin (in vitro treatment). Selected cultures were pretreated with phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor (LY294002). Permeability was assessed by migration of bovine serum albumin across cell monolayers. Cells were stained with rhodamine phalloidin and were examined. Cell extracts were obtained to assess zonula occludens‐1, occludin, and phosphorylated AKT levels by immunoblotting. Treatment with insulin attenuated the pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration of rats with severe burn injury. Burn serum significantly enhanced monolayer permeability to albumin, whereas treatment with insulin (10−7 mol/L) limited this effect. Meanwhile, insulin (10−7 mol/L) reduced burn serum‐induced F‐actin stress fiber formation and decreased zonula occludens‐1 expression. LY294002 decreased cytoplasmic AKT phosphorylation and inhibited the protection effects of insulin. Through the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT pathway, insulin independent of glucose toxicity can attenuate increased pulmonary endothelial permeability induced by burn injury. The effect is attributed to the attenuation of the architectural disruption of protein components of the endothelial tight junction. This result is useful in inhibiting multiple organ failure after burn injury.
Tissue Penetration of Antifungal Agents
Authors: Felton Timothy , Troke Peter F. , Hope William W. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARY
Understanding the tissue penetration of systemically administered antifungal agents is critical for a proper appreciation of their antifungal efficacy in animals and humans. Both the time course of an antifungal drug and its absolute concentrations within tissues may differ significantly from those observed in the bloodstream. In addition, tissue concentrations must also be interpreted within the context of the pathogenesis of the various invasive fungal infections, which differ significantly. There are major technical obstacles to the estimation of concentrations of antifungal agents in various tissue subcompartments, yet these agents, even those within the same class, may exhibit markedly different tissue distributions. This review explores these issues and provides a summary of tissue concentrations of 11 currently licensed systemic antifungal agents. It also explores the therapeutic implications of their distribution at various sites of infection.
Hepatitis E Virus Infection
Authors: Kamar Nassim , Dalton Harry R. , Abravanel Florence , Izopet Jacques 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a worldwide disease. An improved understanding of the natural history of HEV infection has been achieved within the last decade. Several reservoirs and transmission modes have been identified. Hepatitis E is an underdiagnosed disease, in part due to the use of serological assays with low sensitivity. However, diagnostic tools, including nucleic acid-based tests, have been improved. The epidemiology and clinical features of hepatitis E differ between developing and developed countries. HEV infection is usually an acute self-limiting disease, but in developed countries it causes chronic infection with rapidly progressive cirrhosis in organ transplant recipients, patients with hematological malignancy requiring chemotherapy, and individuals with HIV. HEV also causes extrahepatic manifestations, including a number of neurological syndromes and renal injury. Acute infection usually requires no treatment, but chronic infection should be treated by reducing immunosuppression in transplant patients and/or the use of antiviral therapy. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current knowledge about the virus itself, as well as the epidemiology, diagnostics, natural history, and management of HEV infection in developing and developed countries.