bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic boundary between autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Bertelli Marco O. , Piva Merli Micaela , Bradley Elspeth , Keller Roberto , Varrucciu Niccolò , Del Furia Chiara , Panocchia Nicola 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– During the last few years the prevalence of autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased greatly. A recurring issue is the overlap and boundaries between Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), ASD and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). In clinical practice with people with IDD, the alternative or adjunctive diagnosis of ASD or SSD is particularly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to define the boundaries and overlapping clinical characteristics of IDD, ASD and SSD; highlight the most relevant differences in clinical presentation; and provide a clinical framework within which to recognize the impact of IDD and ASD in the diagnosis of SSD.Design/methodology/approach– A systematic mapping of the international literature was conducted on the basis of the following questions: first, what are considered to be core and overlapping aspects of IDD, ASD and SSD; second, what are the main issues in clinical practice; and third, can key diagnostic flags be identified to assist in differentiating between the three diagnostic categories?Findings– Crucial clinical aspects for the differentiation resulted to be age of onset, interest towards others, main positive symptoms, and anatomical anomalies of the central nervous system. More robust diagnostic criteria and semeiological references are desirable.Originality/value– The present literature mapping provides a comprehensive description of the most relevant differences in the clinical presentation of ASD and SSD in persons with IDD.
Is this your cultural place or mine?
Authors: Wilson Doirean , Baruch Yehuda , Boulaye Patti , Hartog Mary 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Highlights the need to be mindful of the global implications of migration and the ecology of diversity in our economy and organizations. Argues that support and programs for diversity are essential to a sustainable economy and the life chances of all our citizens.

Design/methodology/approach
– Explores diversity from a theoretical perspective and then provides details of one person’s struggle to gain acceptance in an alien culture.

Findings
– Draws attention to the complexities and complications born of globalization and the challenge these pose for multi-national organizations. Advances the view that these complexities also relate to the émigrés who bought with them their different ways of thinking, behaving and speaking that were alien to the indigenous community, and for many still remain an enigma.

Practical implications
– Highlights the need to develop an organization and leadership culture where every manager is an HR manager, assuming shared responsibility for promoting and developing diversity in the organization.

Social implications
– Shows how difficult can be the struggle to gain acceptance for a person newly arriving in a foreign country.

Originality/value
– Combines an academic view of immigration and diversity with one person’s experiences.
Diversity, inclusion and the workplace-equality index: the ingredients for organizational success
Authors: Sposato Martin , Feeke Simon , Anderson-Walsh Paul , Spencer Linbert 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Presents organizations with issues to consider regarding inclusion and its importance as well as a well-established index that companies can join in order to make sure that equality is not a mere policy but that it counts in reality in every organization.

Design/methodology/approach
– Describes the power that an organization can derive from deliberately nurturing and integrating heterogeneous groups of people so that they fit together.

Findings
– Explains that the best way for an organization to succeed is to combine employee knowledge, skills, judgment and attitudes, alongside fair treatment.

Practical implications
– Provides details of an index that aims to measure the efforts of organizations to tackle discrimination and create an inclusive workplace for lesbian, gay and bisexual employees.

Social implications
– Reveals that the method of the index should allow organizations already successfully implementing diversity strategies acknowledgement while, at the same time, providing inspiration to those beginning to tackle diversity.

Originality/value
– Demonstrates that diversifying the workforce must be accompanied by inclusivity and equality in order to triumph.
Learning and unlearning sexism in the workplace
Authors: Jeffrey Heather L , Beswick Esme , Meade Jessica 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Looks at the barriers that prevent women achieving equality in the workplace and examines how they may be overcome.

Design/methodology/approach
– Argues that there are two potentially important barriers to creating a more inclusive workplace: Employees may conform to discriminatory practices even though they do not really agree with them just to fit in, and overly competitive environments can create a situation whereby employees are afraid to speak out.

Findings
– Suggests that, in order to tackle these barriers, employers and managers at all levels must call upon insight, use fair judgment and communicate with their female staff to increase understanding of what may be perceived as sexist.

Practical implications
– Urges managers to create a safe space for women to speak out against discrimination as, even though the organization may be aiming at creating an ethical environment, there may be situations that go unnoticed.

Social implications
– Suggests that the working environment may also affect relationships between employees, creating a situation where they may not feel able to speak out.

Originality/value
– Advances the view that managers must use insight and call upon female experience in order to create a more equal environment.
Numerical stability analysis of imperfect single-walled carbon nanotubes under axial compressive loads
Authors: Georgantzinos Stelios K. , Giannopoulos G. I. , Pierou P. K. , Anifantis N. K. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– A computational structural mechanics approach, based on the exclusive use of standard bar elements is utilized in order to investigate the elastic stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with atom vacancy defects under axial compressive loads. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed model uses three dimensional, two nodded, linear truss finite elements of three degrees of freedom per node to represent the force field appearing between carbon atoms due to the basic interatomic interactions.

Findings
– Numerical results concerning the critical forces which cause instability of pristine nanotubes are compared with corresponding data given in the open literature in the effort to demonstrate the good accuracy of the method. Then, it is assumed that SWCNTs present-specific structural defects defined by their length, width, orientation and longitudinal position. The influence of these four geometric parameters of the imperfections considered on the stability of SWCNTs is investigated in detail and essential conclusions are revealed.

Originality/value
– To the authors’ best knowledge, is the first time that the specific method is introduced for the prediction of buckling behavior of defective SWCNTs. The structural defect here is considered as atoms vacancy that forms a like-crack defect having a specific length, width, orientation and position along the nanotube length.
The transformation of Chinese business ethics in line with its emergence as a global economic leader
Authors: Berger Ron 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the evolution of Chinese business ethics and CSR policy. China currently has business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) concerns primarily because its economy is in evolution. As the Chinese economy is in transition from the late 1970s from a command–Communist economy to a more hybrid system Beijing model (a system based on a capitalist market controlled through bureaucracy), much has to be understood if one wants to participate in its vast economic potential.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on the building of a model that depicts the evolution of business ethics in China as a base for further research.

Findings
– With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, opportunities are opening up to Chinese entrepreneurs and connected officials. This has led to money worship and, in some cases, thorough unethical behavior. The uncertain and ever-changing rules of the game generate opportunity for business ethics and CSR problems. This wealth creates temptation and incentives to cut corners to get rich fast. Much research has tried to explain business ethics in China through the understanding of Guanxi (Chinese social network of reciprocal business relations common in Confucian cultures), but in my view, the evolutionary aspect of it is missing to explain the present and future situation. Whereas considerable research has dealt with the growth of Chinese industries in recent years, the key relationship between changes in its economy and shifts in Chinese business ethics has been neglected. This paper presents the evolution of Chinese business ethics and CSR policy.

Originality/value
– The paper illustrates the evolution of Chinese business ethics and how one has to adapt if one wants to succeed in its ever evolving and maturing market. A model is presented that can assist in future research in the area.
Determination of Milk Fat Adulteration with Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats by Gas Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Kim Jin‐Man , Kim Ha‐Jung , Park Jung‐Min 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study assessed the potential application of gas chromatography (GC) in detecting milk fat (MF) adulteration with vegetable oils and animal fats and of characterizing samples by fat source. One hundred percent pure MF was adulterated with different vegetable oils and animal fats at various concentrations (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%). GC was used to obtain the fatty acid (FA) profiles, triacylglycerol (TG) contents, and cholesterol contents. The pure MF and the adulterated MF samples were discriminated based on the total concentrations of saturated FAs and on the 2 major FAs (oleic acid [C18:1n9c] and linoleic acid [C18:2n6c], TGs [C52 and C54], and cholesterol contents using statistical analysis to compared difference. These bio‐markers enabled the detection of as low as 10% adulteration of non‐MF into 100% pure MF. The study demonstrated the high potential of GC to rapidly detect MF adulteration with vegetable and animal fats, and discriminate among commercial butter and milk products according to the fat source. These data can be potentially useful in detecting foreign fats in these butter products. Furthermore, it is important to consider that several individual samples should be analyzed before coming to a conclusion about MF authenticity.
Antimicrobial resistance genes in marine bacteria and human uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a region of intensive aquaculture
Authors: Tomova Alexandra , Ivanova Larisa , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Rioseco Maria Luisa , Kalsi Rajinder K. , Godfrey Henry P. , Cabello Felipe C. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryAntimicrobials are heavily used in Chilean salmon aquaculture. We previously found significant differences in antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria between sediments from an aquaculture and a non‐aquaculture site. We now show that levels of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) are significantly higher in antimicrobial‐selected marine bacteria than in unselected bacteria from these sites. While ARG in tetracycline‐ and florfenicol‐selected bacteria from aquaculture and non‐aquaculture sites were equally frequent, there were significantly more plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance genes per bacterium and significantly higher numbers of qnrB genes in quinolone‐selected bacteria from the aquaculture site. Quinolone‐resistant urinary Escherichia coli from patients in the Chilean aquacultural region were significantly enriched for qnrB (including a novel qnrB gene), qnrS, qnrA and aac(6′)‐1b, compared with isolates from New York City. Sequences of qnrA1, qnrB1 and qnrS1 in quinolone‐resistant Chilean E. coli and Chilean marine bacteria were identical, suggesting horizontal gene transfer between antimicrobial‐resistant marine bacteria and human pathogens.
Prazosin + Naltrexone Decreases Alcohol Drinking More Effectively Than Does Either Drug Alone in P Rats with a Protracted History of Extensive Voluntary Alcohol Drinking, Dependence, and Multiple Withdrawals
Authors: Rasmussen Dennis D. , Kincaid Carrie L. , Froehlich Janice C. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundPrazosin (PRZ; an α1‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) and naltrexone (NTX; a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist) each decrease alcohol drinking when administered to rats selectively bred for high voluntary alcohol drinking (alcohol‐preferring or “P”), and the combination of PRZ + NTX decreases alcohol drinking more effectively than does either drug alone. As drug responsiveness can depend on history of alcohol drinking and dependence, we investigated whether various schedules of PRZ and NTX administration, alone or in combination, are effective in decreasing alcohol drinking in male P rats with a history of protracted voluntary alcohol drinking, dependence, and repeated withdrawals closely resembling human alcoholism.MethodsMale P rats became alcohol‐dependent during 1 year of ad libitum 24 h/d access to food, water, and 20% alcohol with repetitive temporary alcohol withdrawals. Four sequential studies then addressed effects of oral PRZ (2 mg/kg) and NTX (10 mg/kg), alone or together, on alcohol drinking during: (i) daily alcohol access with daily drug treatment, (ii) intermittent alcohol access with daily drug treatment, (iii) intermittent alcohol access with occasional drug treatment, and (iv) postdeprivation reinstatement of alcohol access.ResultsThe combination of PRZ + NTX consistently suppressed alcohol drinking during daily or intermittent alcohol access conditions and when drug treatment was either daily or occasional. PRZ + NTX was consistently more effective than either drug alone. The reduction in alcohol drinking was not due to sedation, motor effects, or malaise.ConclusionsBoth daily and “as‐needed” treatment with PRZ + NTX are highly effective in suppressing daily, intermittent, and postdeprivation alcohol drinking in male P rats with a protracted history of alcohol dependence and repeated withdrawals. This drug combination may be especially effective for treating individuals with long histories of heavy alcohol abuse, dependence, and repeated relapse, as commonly encountered in clinical practice.
Intravenous tryptophan administration attenuates cortisol secretion induced by intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenaline
Authors: Sutoh Madoka , Kasuya Etsuko , Yayou Ken‐ichi , Ohtani Fumihiro , Kobayashi Yosuke 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the possibility of suppression of stress‐induced cortisol (CORT) secretion by tryptophan (TRP) administration and to better understand its regulatory mechanisms by using a noradrenaline (NA) injection into the third ventricle (3V) as a stress model in cattle. A total of 25 Holstein steers with a cannula in the 3V were used. First, the increase in CORT secretion was observed following a NA injection into the 3V in a dose‐dependent manner, verifying the appropriateness of this treatment as a stress model of CORT secretion (Experiment 1). The effect of prior‐administration of TRP into peripheral blood with a dose that has been demonstrated to increase brain 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels on the elevation of plasma CORT induced by NA or corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) was then examined (Experiment 2). The prior administration of TRP suppressed NA‐induced, but not CRH‐induced, CORT elevation. These results suggest that an increase in TRP absorption into peripheral blood could suppress the stress‐induced CORT secretion in cattle via the attenuation of the stimulatory effect of NA on the hypothalamic CRH release.
Is transperineal prostate biopsy more accurate than transrectal biopsy in determining final Gleason score and clinical risk category? A comparative analysis
Authors: Scott Susan , Samaratunga Hemamali , Chabert Charles , Breckenridge Michelle , Gianduzzo Troy 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the degree of upgrading and increase in clinical risk category of transperineal template biopsy (TTB) compared with transrectal ultrasonography‐guided prostate biopsy (TRUSB). Upgrading of TRUSB Gleason grade and sum after radical prostatectomy (RP) is well recognised. TTB may offer a more thorough mapping of the prostate than TRUSB, as well as a more accurate assessment of the tumour. In this retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data, we compare the initial TRUSB and TTB Gleason grade and sum with the final assessment at RP.Patients and MethodsFollowing Ethics Committee approval, 431 laparoscopic and robotic RP specimens of two urologists, fellowship‐trained in minimally invasive RP, were examined in the private sector between April 2009 and October 2013. Final RP Gleason grade and sum were compared with the initial prostate biopsy. All pathological assessments were performed by a dedicated uropathology unit, experienced in prostate pathology. Upgrading was defined either as an increase in the primary Gleason grade, or as identification of a higher grade tertiary pattern at final RP analysis. Increase in clinical risk category was defined as an increase from low‐ (Gleason ≤6), to either intermediate‐ (Gleason 7) or high‐risk disease (Gleason 8–10); or as an increase from intermediate‐ to high‐risk disease. The chi‐squared test was used to compare categorical variables, while the Wilcoxon rank sum was used for continuous quantitative variables.ResultsThe 431 RP specimens comprised 283 in which the prostate cancer was diagnosed at TRUSB and 148 diagnosed at TTB. There was no difference between TRUSB and TTB in mean prostate weight (46.4 vs 44.2 g), final RP pathological stage (pT2: 187 vs 102; pT3 97 vs 48; P = 0.65) or mean tumour volume (2.15 vs 2.14 mL). Overall, 33.22% of TRUSB and 30.41% of TTB were upgraded, which was not significantly different (P = 0.55). Similarly there was no difference in whether there was an increase to a higher Gleason sum (TRUSB 23.3% vs TTB 20.9%; P = 0.57). TTB was more reflective of the actual clinical risk category, with TRUSB more likely to show an increase in clinical risk (TRUSB 22.3% vs TTB 14.2%; P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn this series, TTB more accurately predicted clinical risk category than TRUSB. TTB should be considered before active surveillance, to ensure that occult higher risk disease has not been under diagnosed. Upgrading and increase in clinical risk category was relatively common in each group highlighting the need for improved pretreatment staging accuracy.
A phylogeny of fossil and living neocoleoid cephalopods
Authors: Sutton Mark , Perales‐Raya Catalina , Gilbert Isabel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractColeoid cephalopod phylogeny is well studied via both molecular and morphological data, yet although some agreement has been reached (e.g. that extant Decapodiformes and Octopoda are monophyletic) many details remain poorly resolved. Fossil coleoids, for which much data exists, have hitherto not been incorporated into analyses. Their inclusion is highly desirable for the support of neontological phylogenies, to better reconstruct character‐state histories, and to investigate the placement of the fossil groups themselves. In this study we present and analyse a morphological data matrix including both extinct and extant taxa. Homology assumptions in our data are discussed. Our results are presented both with and without the constraint of a monophyletic Decapodiformes imposed. When analysed with this constraint our results are strikingly congruent with those from molecular phylogeny, for instance placing Idiosepius in a basal position within Decapodiformes, and recovering Oegopsida and Bathyteuthoidea (although as grades). Our results support an Octopodiformes clade (“vampire squid” Vampyroteuthis as sister to Octopoda) and an octopodiform interpretation for most fossil coleoids. They suggest the fossil sister taxon to the octopods to be Plesioteuthididae. Most fossil higher taxa are supported, although many genera, especially within suborder Teudopseina, appear para‐ or polyphyletic.
Perineural growth of benign cutaneous sweat gland tumors: a hitherto unrecognized phenomenon unassociated with malignancy
Authors: Luzar Boštjan , Shanesmith Rebecca , Calonje Eduardo 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundCutaneous intraneural reactive epithelial proliferations mimicking malignancy include epithelial sheath neuroma, re‐excision perineural invasion and reactive neuroepithelial aggregates. Nevertheless, intraneural growth of benign sweat gland tumors has not been reported before.AimsTo report a predominantly intraneural proliferation of morphologically bland sweat gland tumors, describe their clinicopathological features and correlate them with survival.ResultsWe analyzed a spiradenoma and a hidradenoma with a prominent intraneural growth, occurring on the back of the 19‐year‐old woman and on the arm of the 53‐year‐old woman. Both lesions presented as a painful and slightly raised papule. After complete excision, an uneventful clinical course was observed during the follow‐up period of 52 and 54 months. Pathologically, the most striking feature was an almost exclusive intraneural growth within the peripheral nerves of the deep dermis and subcutis.ConclusionWe report for the first time the predominantly intraneural growth of benign sweat gland tumors. Although their histogenesis is unknown, perineural displacement due to previous surgery or trauma, as well as development from intraneural embryological epithelial remnants remains possibilities. Long‐term follow‐up of our patients suggests that intraneural growth of otherwise bland sweat gland tumors does not signify malignancy. Complete excision appears to be sufficient treatment procedure.
Thermodynamic constraints on the utility of ecological stoichiometry for explaining global biogeochemical patterns
Authors: Helton Ashley M. , Ardón Marcelo , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen cycles are coupled through both stoichiometric requirements for microbial biomass and dissimilatory metabolic processes in which microbes catalyse reduction‐oxidation reactions. Here, we integrate stoichiometric theory and thermodynamic principles to explain the commonly observed trade‐off between high nitrate and high organic carbon concentrations, and the even stronger trade‐off between high nitrate and high ammonium concentrations, across a wide range of aquatic ecosystems. Our results suggest these relationships are the emergent properties of both microbial biomass stoichiometry and the availability of terminal electron acceptors. Because elements with multiple oxidation states (i.e. nitrogen, manganese, iron and sulphur) serve as both nutrients and sources of chemical energy in reduced environments, both assimilative demand and dissimilatory uses determine their concentrations across broad spatial gradients. Conceptual and quantitative models that integrate rather than independently examine thermodynamic, stoichiometric and evolutionary controls on biogeochemical cycling are essential for understanding local to global biogeochemical patterns.