bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli EDL933 Requires Gluconeogenic Nutrients To Successfully Colonize the Intestines of Streptomycin-Treated Mice Precolonized with E. coli Nissle 1917
Authors: Schinner Silvia A. C. , Mokszycki Matthew E. , Adediran Jimmy , Leatham-Jensen Mary , Conway Tyrrell , Cohen Paul S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
MG1655, a K-12 strain, uses glycolytic nutrients exclusively to colonize the intestines of streptomycin-treated mice when it is the only
E. coli
strain present or when it is confronted with
E. coli
EDL933, an O157:H7 strain. In contrast,
E. coli
EDL933 uses glycolytic nutrients exclusively when it is the only
E. coli
strain in the intestine but switches in part to gluconeogenic nutrients when it colonizes mice precolonized with
E. coli
MG1655 (R. L. Miranda et al., Infect Immun 72:1666–1676, 2004,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.3.1666-1676.2004
). Recently, J. W. Njoroge et al. (mBio 3:e00280-12, 2012,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00280-12
) reported that
E. coli
86-24, an O157:H7 strain, activates the expression of virulence genes under gluconeogenic conditions, suggesting that colonization of the intestine with a probiotic
E. coli
strain that outcompetes O157:H7 strains for gluconeogenic nutrients could render them nonpathogenic. Here we report that
E. coli
Nissle 1917, a probiotic strain, uses both glycolytic and gluconeogenic nutrients to colonize the mouse intestine between 1 and 5 days postfeeding, appears to stop using gluconeogenic nutrients thereafter in a large, long-term colonization niche, but continues to use them in a smaller niche to compete with invading
E. coli
EDL933. Evidence is also presented suggesting that invading
E. coli
EDL933 uses both glycolytic and gluconeogenic nutrients and needs the ability to perform gluconeogenesis in order to colonize mice precolonized with
E. coli
Nissle 1917. The data presented here therefore rule out the possibility that
E. coli
Nissle 1917 can starve the O157:H7
E. coli
strain EDL933 of gluconeogenic nutrients, even though
E. coli
Nissle 1917 uses such nutrients to compete with
E. coli
EDL933 in the mouse intestine.
Adrenal Steroids Modulate the Immune Response during Brucella abortus Infection by a Mechanism That Depends on the Regulation of Cytokine Production
Authors: Gentilini María Virginia , Velásquez Lis Noelia , Barrionuevo Paula , Arriola Benitez Paula Constanza , Giambartolomei Guillermo Hernán , Delpino María Victoria 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTHuman brucellosis is a protean disease with a diversity of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from infection withBrucellaspecies. Recent reports suggest a cross-regulation between adrenal steroids (cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) and the immune system. Monocytes and macrophages are the main replication niche forBrucella. Therefore, we investigated the role of adrenal hormones on the modulation of the immune response mediated by macrophages inB. abortusinfection. Cortisol treatment duringB. abortusinfection significantly inhibits cytokine, chemokine, and MMP-9 secretion. In contrast, DHEA treatment had no effect. However, DHEA treatment increases the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD86), the adhesion molecule CD54, and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II expression on the surface ofB. abortus-infected monocytes. It is known thatB. abortusinfection inhibits MHC-I and MHC-II expression induced by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) treatment. DHEA reversesB. abortusdownmodulation of the MHC-I and -II expression induced by IFN-γ. Taken together, our data indicate that DHEA immune intervention may positively affect monocyte activity duringB. abortusinfection.
Anti-CD20 Antibody Therapy and Susceptibility to Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Elsegeiny Waleed , Eddens Taylor , Chen Kong , Kolls Jay K. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Anti-CD20 antibody therapy has been a useful medication for managing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as well as autoimmune diseases characterized by autoantibody generation. CD20 is expressed during most developmental stages of B lymphocytes; thus, CD20 depletion leads to B-lymphocyte deficiency. As the drug has become more widely used, there has been an increase in the number of case reports of patients developing
Pneumocystis
pneumonia. The role of anti-CD20 in
Pneumocystis jirovecii
infection is under debate due to the fact that most patients receiving it are on a regimen of multiple immunosuppressive medications. To address the specific role of CD20 depletion in host immunity against
Pneumocystis
, we examined a murine anti-CD20 depleting antibody. We demonstrated that anti-CD20 alone is permissive for
Pneumocystis
infection and that anti-CD20 impairs components of type II immunity, such as production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 by whole-lung cells, in response to
Pneumocystis murina
. We also demonstrated that CD4
+
T cells from mice treated with anti-CD20 during
Pneumocystis
infection are incapable of mounting a protective immune response when transferred into Rag1
−/−
mice. Thus, CD20
+
cells are critical for generating protective CD4
+
T-cell immune responses against this organism.
Heterotrimeric NADH-Oxidizing Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase from the Acetogenic Bacterium Acetobacterium woodii
Authors: Bertsch Johannes , Öppinger Christian , Hess Verena , Langer Julian D. , Müller Volker 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) of acetogenic bacteria catalyzes the reduction of methylene-THF, which is highly exergonic with NADH as the reductant. Therefore, the enzyme was suggested to be involved in energy conservation by reducing ferredoxin via electron bifurcation, followed by Na+translocation by the Rnf complex. The enzyme was purified fromAcetobacterium woodiiand shown to have an unprecedented subunit composition containing the three subunits RnfC2, MetF, and MetV. The stable complex contained 2 flavin mononucleotides (FMN), 23.5 ± 1.2 Fe and 24.5 ± 1.5 S, which fits well to the predicted six [4Fe4S] clusters in MetV and RnfC2. The enzyme catalyzed NADH:methylviologen and NADH:ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity but also methylene-tetrahydrofolate (THF) reduction with NADH as the reductant. The NADH:methylene-THF reductase activity was high (248 U/mg) and not stimulated by ferredoxin. Furthermore, reduction of ferredoxin, alone or in the presence of methylene-THF and NADH, was never observed. MetF or MetVF was not able to catalyze the methylene-THF-dependent oxidation of NADH, but MetVF could reduce methylene-THF using methyl viologen as the electron donor. The purified MTHFR complex did not catalyze the reverse reaction, the endergonic oxidation of methyl-THF with NAD+as the acceptor, and this reaction could not be driven by reduced ferredoxin. However, addition of protein fractions made the oxidation of methyl-THF to methylene-THF coupled to NAD+reduction possible. Our data demonstrate that the MTHFR ofA. woodiicatalyzes methylene-THF reduction according to the following reaction: NADH + methylene-THF → methyl-THF + NAD+. The differences in the subunit compositions of MTHFRs of bacteria are discussed in the light of their different functions.IMPORTANCEEnergy conservation in the acetogenic bacteriumAcetobacterium woodiiinvolves ferredoxin reduction followed by a chemiosmotic mechanism involving Na+-translocating ferredoxin oxidation and a Na+-dependent F1FoATP synthase. All redox enzymes of the pathway have been characterized except the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Here we report the purification of the MTHFR ofA. woodii, which has an unprecedented heterotrimeric structure. The enzyme reduces methylene-THF with NADH. Ferredoxin did not stimulate the reaction; neither was it oxidized or reduced with NADH. Since the last enzyme with a potential role in energy metabolism ofA. woodiihas now been characterized, we can propose a quantitative bioenergetic scheme for acetogenesis from H2plus CO2in the model acetogenA. woodii.
Interaction Network and Localization of Brucella abortus Membrane Proteins Involved in the Synthesis, Transport, and Succinylation of Cyclic β-1,2-Glucans
Authors: Guidolin Leticia S. , Morrone Seijo Susana M. , Guaimas Francisco F. , Comerci Diego J. , Ciocchini Andrés E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTCyclic β-1,2-glucans (CβG) are periplasmic homopolysaccharides that play an important role in the virulence and interaction ofBrucellawith the host. Once synthesized in the cytoplasm by the CβG synthase (Cgs), CβG are transported to the periplasm by the CβG transporter (Cgt) and succinylated by the CβG modifier enzyme (Cgm). Here, we used a bacterial two-hybrid system and coimmunoprecipitation techniques to study the interaction network between these three integral inner membrane proteins. Our results indicate that Cgs, Cgt, and Cgm can form both homotypic and heterotypic interactions. Analyses carried out with Cgs mutants revealed that the N-terminal region of the protein (Cgs region 1 to 418) is required to sustain the interactions with Cgt and Cgm as well as with itself. We demonstrated by single-cell fluorescence analysis that inBrucella, Cgs and Cgt are focally distributed in the membrane, particularly at the cell poles, whereas Cgm is mostly distributed throughout the membrane with a slight accumulation at the poles colocalizing with the other partners. In summary, our results demonstrate that Cgs, Cgt, and Cgm form a membrane-associated biosynthetic complex. We propose that the formation of a membrane complex could serve as a mechanism to ensure the fidelity of CβG biosynthesis by coordinating their synthesis with the transport and modification.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we analyzed the interaction and localization of the proteins involved in the synthesis, transport, and modification ofBrucella abortuscyclic β-1,2-glucans (CβG), which play an important role in the virulence and interaction ofBrucellawith the host. We demonstrate that these proteins interact, forming a complex located mainly at the cell poles; this is the first experimental evidence of the existence of a multienzymatic complex involved in the metabolism of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in bacteria and argues for another example of pole differentiation inBrucella. We propose that the formation of this membrane complex could serve as a mechanism to ensure the fidelity of CβG biosynthesis by coordinating synthesis with the transport and modification.
Protein expression of HER2, 3, 4 in gastric cancer: correlation with clinical features and survival
Authors: He Xiao Xiao , Ding Li , Lin Yuan , Shu Man , Wen Jian Ming , Xue Ling 
Published: March 2015

Background and aimsDespite significant improvements in targeted therapies for patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), the prognosis of those patients remains poor. This study explores the expression and clinicopathological significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, 3 and 4 (HER2, HER3, HER4) in GC, in order to find more prognostic biomarkers of GC and putative targets of therapy.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed for HER2, HER3 and HER4 in 498 patients with GC using tissue microarray. Correlations between the receptor expression and clinicopathological features, as well as prognosis of the patients were statistically analysed.ResultsThe high expression rates of HER2, HER3 and HER4 proteins in the patients were 8.6% (43/498), 20.7% (103/498) and 13.3% (66/498), respectively. High expression of HER2 and HER3 was correlated with proximal GC of the cardia (p<0.05). High expression of HER3 was associated with the tumour depth, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). High expression of HER4 was associated with TNM stage (p<0.05) only. According to a regression model, high expression of HER3 was significantly associated with patients’ poor survival (p=0.004). High expression rates of HER2, HER3 and HER4 were correlated with each other, but they were all associated merely with histologically intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of GC (p<0.05).ConclusionsHER3 is correlated with the malignant biological behaviour of GC. Expression of HER3 is a significant predictor of poor survival in GC. Therefore, the development of HER3-targeted agents may provide new possibilities in the treatment of GC.
Chapter 11 Palaeoproterozoic supracrustals of the Bastar Craton: Dongargarh Supergroup and Sausar Group
Authors: Mohanty Sarada Prasad 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The Bastar Craton of India is composed of Archaean nuclei of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite gneisses, enveloped by an older granite–greenstone belt (>3000 Ma) with banded iron formation (BIF), and an auriferous younger granite–greenstone belt with BIF. Available geological, geochemical and geochronological data indicate multiple episodes of orogeny with high-grade metamorphism at 3200–3300, 2600–2700, 2100–2200, 1900–2000, 1800–1850, 1500–1600 and 1400–1450 Ma, and continental rifting and basin development marked by emplacement of mafic dyke swarms at
c.
2900 (subalkaline mafic dykes; BD-1A), 2480 (high-Mg mafic dykes; BD-1B), 2100 (Fe–tholeiite dykes; BD-2A), 1880 (Fe–tholeiites dykes; BD-2B), 1776 and 1422 Ma. Associations of extensive bimodal volcanics and riftogenic sediments are found in the Neoarchaean and Palaeoproterozoic basins of the craton. Evidence of Palaeoproterozoic (Huronian) glaciation and associated ‘cap carbonate’ followed by deposition of fine clastics with manganese ore is found in the Palaeoproterozoic Sausar Group. The lithological association of the Sausar Group is comparable to the carbonate–tillite association of the Huronian Supergroup, Snowy Pass Supergroup, Transvaal Supergroup and Turee Creek Group. The geological evolution of the Bastar Craton matches that of Western Australia and South Africa. Such similarities can be analysed to develop a unified Palaeoproterozoic assembly for these provinces.
Chapter 12 Conflicts in stratigraphic classification of the Puranas of the Pranhita–Godavari Valley: review, recommendations and status of the ‘Penganga’ sequence
Authors: Chaudhuri Asru Kumar , Deb Gautam Kumar , Patranabis-Deb Sarbani 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Understanding of the incompatibility of King's three-fold classification of the Proterozoic (‘Purana’) rocks of the Pranhita–Godavari Valley, south India, and renewed mapping and stratigraphic studies, reveal that syn-depositional basin dynamics, with differential uplift and subsidence, was the major control on basin evolution and the development of multiple unconformity-bound successions. The unconformities demarcate six major successions, the Mallampalli/Devalmari, Somanpalli, Mulug, Penganga, Albaka and Sullavai groups, each with a very distinctive set of sedimentological attributes. There are at least five different conflicting classification schemes so far. The major problems in the classification of the succession appear to lie in the recognition of unconformities and unconformity-bound successions, and in stratigraphic nomenclature. Based on field geology, available age data and the concept of the megasequence, the Mallampali, Devalmari, Mulug and Somanpalli groups have been grouped into the Pakhal Supergroup. The question of combining the rest of the groups has been deferred until the resolution of the Albaka–Penganga relationship is achieved beyond doubt. The relationships between different stratigraphic units have been critically examined to reconstruct the stratigraphic history, events of sea-level change and palaeogeographical evolution.
Chapter 14
c.
1450 Ma regional felsic volcanism at the fringe of the East Indian Craton: constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of tuff beds from detached sedimentary basins
Authors: Das Kaushik , Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Hayasaka Yasutaka , Kayama Masahiro , Saha Subhojit , Kimura Kosuke 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

New geochronological and geochemical data from bedded porcellanitic tuffs present within two sedimentary basins at the eastern fringe of the Archaean Bastar Craton, eastern India (the Ampani and Khariar basins) are presented and compared with data available from tuffaceous beds present within adjoining basins. U–Th–total Pb electron probe microanalysis data of monazite grains from the Ampani tuff revealed several age data clusters:
c.
2400,
c.
2130,
c.
1600,
c.
1450 and
c.
1000 Ma. An age of 1446±21 Ma is proposed as the depositional/crystallization age for the Ampani tuff, considering its maximum probability. Comparable ages for the tuffaceous units from the Khariar (1455±47 Ma) and Singhora (
c.
1500 Ma) basins allow us to infer a major felsic volcanic event during
c.
1450 Ma at the eastern margin of the Indian Craton. Detailed geochemical data suggest rhyolite to andesite character for the siliceous tuff units from three geographically separated basins and point towards the presence of an active volcanic arc in a subduction-related setting in the region. The geochronological and geochemical data prompted us to search for other contemporaneous events in the Indian continent and beyond, that is, within its erstwhile neighbours in the Precambrian supercontinent ‘Columbia’.
Chapter 20 Provenance, timing of sedimentation and metamorphism of metasedimentary rock suites from the Southern Granulite Terrane, India
Authors: Sengupta Pulak , Raith Michael M. , Kooijman Ellen , Talukdar Moumita , Chowdhury Priyadarshi , Sanyal Sanjoy , Mezger Klaus , Mukhopadhyay Dhruba 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Southern Granulite Terrane of India exposes remnants of an interbanded sequence of orthoquartzite–metapelite–calcareous rocks across the enigmatic Palghat–Cauvery Shear Zone (PCSZ), which has been interpreted as a Pan-African terrane boundary representing the eastward extension of the Betsimisaraka Suture Zone of Madagascar. Zircon U–Pb geochronology of metasedimentary rocks from both sides of the PCSZ shows that the precursor sediments of these rocks were sourced from the Dharwar Craton and the adjoining parts of the Indian shield. The similarity of the provenance and the vestiges of Grenvillian-age orogenesis in some metasedimentary rocks contradict an interpretation that the PCSZ is a Pan-African terrane boundary. The lithological association and the likely basin formation age of the metasedimentary rocks of the Southern Granulite Terrane show remarkable similarity to the rock assemblage and timing of sedimentation of the Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic shallow-marine deposits of the Purana basins lying several hundred kilometres north of this terrane. Integrating the existing geological information, it is postulated that the shallow-marine sediments were deposited on a unified land-mass consisting of a large part of Madagascar and the Indian shield that existed before Neoproterozoic time, part of which was later involved in the Pan-African orogeny.

Supplementary material:

Details of the zircon U–Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses of samples are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18793
.
Chapter 23 A brief synthesis of Indian Precambrian basins: classification and genesis of basin-fills
Authors: Miall Andrew D. , Catuneanu Octavian , Eriksson Patrick G. , Mazumder Rajat 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The geology, inferred evolution and classification according to widely accepted schemes of 22 basins from the Indian Precambrian record on the Arravali–Bundelkhand, Singhbhum, Bastar and Dharwar cratons are discussed in this volume. Although their classification is biased owing to all depositories having continental lithospheric substrates, most of the basins reflect divergent plate motion and thus lithospheric stretching and cooling. Convergent plate motion and concomitant lithospheric flexure owing to loading are postulated for the Kurnool Basin and the Eastern Dharwar Craton supracrustals. Transcurrent plate motion is interpreted for the Bhima and Kaladgi–Badami basins. The Cuddapah Basin suggests a complex polyhistory influenced by both mantle circulation/dynamic topography and loading-related flexure of the lithosphere. Mantle circulation and dynamic topography may have played a role in the evolution of the Dhalbhum and Dalma–Chandil basins. Examination of possible time trends indicates that pre-
c.
2.0 Ga basins were mostly continental rifts, followed by some intracratonic basins and lesser rift-sag and back-arc basins; post-
c.
2.0 Ga basins exhibit a much larger range of basin types. While this Memoir offers a broad sample of the application of plate-tectonic principles to the Precambrian basins of the large Indian shield, it also underscores that Phanerozoic-style plate tectonics and basin evolution histories are widely identified within the Precambrian sedimentary rock record. Analogously, the case studies in this book support the essential similarity between the features observed within the Precambrian basins of India and the norms that describe Phanerozoic successions in terms of sequence stratigraphic architecture. The Indian Precambrian basin-fill record shows that all types of sequence, systems tract and sequence stratigraphic surface that are known from the Phanerozoic record also occur within Precambrian successions. Differences between the stratigraphic architecture of Precambrian and Phanerozoic basin-fill successions can be ascribed to variable rates and intensities of the controls on accommodation and sediment supply, the changes inherent in the evolution of the hydrosphere–atmosphere system and related physical processes, and the evolution of the biosphere system and associated biogenic processes.
Chapter 6 Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin: configuration and evolution
Authors: Bose P. K. , Sarkar S. , Das N. G. , Banerjee S. , Mandal A. , Chakraborty N. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter attempts an understanding of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin history in the broad framework of central India. Although the entire Vindhyan Supergroup is within the scope of this work, particular attention is paid to the little-known northwestern fringe exposures. Distinctive facies assemblages and diverse palaeocurrents in these exposures of the Lower Vindhyan play a pivotal role in the interpretation. Analysis of outcrop and subsurface data that extend under the Gangetic alluvium to the north of the Vindhyan outcrops further supports the hypothesis that an east–west-elongated basement ridge initially separated the master Vindhyan Basin from smaller contemporary basins to the north. Deposition took place in isolated lacustrine and fluvial basins north of the divide and largely in a marine realm south. Dextral shear accompanying rifting generated ridges that criss-crossed the Lower Vindhyan seafloor to the south. The uniform character of the Upper Vindhyan throughout, nevertheless, testifies to later drowning of the divide and unification of all of the basins as a consequence of regional tilt northward. However, the extended Vindhyan Sea was restricted by a second east–west-elongated ridge from merger with the contemporary Proterozoic sea further north, disparate sediments of which have been encountered in a few drill cores only.