bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytogenesis in the adult monkey motor cortex: Perivascular NG2 cells are the major adult born cell type
Authors: Stanton Gregory B. , Kohler Shawn J. , Boklweski Jennifer , Cameron Judy L. , Greenough William T. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe used confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to look for new cells in the motor cortex of adult macaque monkeys that might form the cellular bases of improved brain function from exercise. Twenty‐four female Macaca fascicularis monkeys divided into groups by age (10–12 years, 15–17 years), postexercise survival periods, and controls, received 10 weekly injections of the thymidine analog, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to mark new cells. Sixteen monkeys survived 15 weeks (5 weeks postexercise) and 8 monkeys survived 27 weeks (12 weeks postexercise) after initial BrdU injections. Additionally, five Macaca mulatta female monkeys (∼5.5–7 years) received single injections of BrdU and survived 2 days, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after BrdU injections. Neural and glial antibodies were used to identify new cell phenotypes and to look for changes in proportions of these cells with respect to time and experimental conditions. No BrdU+/DCx+ cells were found but about 7.5% of new cells were calretinin‐positive (Cr+). BrdU+/GABA+ (gamma‐aminobutyric acid) cells were also found but no new Cr+ or GABA+ cells colabeled with a mature neuron marker, NeuN or chondroitin sulfate antibody, NG2. The proportion of new cells that were NG2+ was about 85% for short and long survival monkeys of which two, newly described perivascular phenotypes (Pldv and Elu) and a small percentage of pericytes (2.5%) comprised 44% and 51% of the new NG2+ cells, respectively. Proportions of NG2+ phenotypes were affected by post‐BrdU survival periods, monkey age, and possibly a postexercise sedentary period but no direct effect of exercise was found. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:849–868, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noncovalent Functionalization of Thiopyridyl Porphyrins with Ruthenium Phthalocyanines
Authors: Lourenço Leandro M. O. , Hausmann Anita , Schubert Christina , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M. , Tomé João P. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPreconditions for the design of efficient organic solar‐light‐converting systems are strong absorptions across the visible region, the capacity to funnel excited state energy by intermolecular energy transfer, and alternative association processes in the photoinduced electron transfer. In this context, thiopyridyl porphyrins (PorSPy) and ruthenium phthalocyanines (RuPcs) proved to be versatile building blocks for the construction of novel supramolecular Por–Pc hybrid systems (PorSPy–RuPc) by axial coordination at ruthenium. The thiopyridyl groups placed at the bay region of the porphyrins coordinate the RuPc dye. A notable redistribution of the electron density in the new heterochromophore structures evidences the electron‐donating/‐accepting communication between the two dyes in the supramolecular hybrids. These structural hybrids were investigated physicochemically by means of their ground and excited state reactivities. Photophysical investigation by time‐resolved transient absorption, mainly fluorescence and femtosecond spectroscopy, evidenced efficient intermolecular energy transfer from the photoexcited central porphyrin to the peripheral phthalocyanines in the supramolecular multichromophore ensembles. The findings may give impetus for the design of interesting materials for solar‐light‐converting systems.
Control of Spatial Organization of Electrospun Fibers in a Carbon Felt for Enhanced Bioelectrode Performance
Authors: Both Engel Adriana , Cherifi Aziz , Bechelany Mikhael , Tingry Sophie , Cornu David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover are collaborating researchers from the DM3 group at the European Membrane Institute of Montpellier, France. The cover picture shows an artistic view of the bioelectrochemical production of sustainable electricity. Laccase enzymes immobilized on aligned electrospun carbon fibers can efficiently reduce dissolved oxygen, and be used in the cathode compartment of an electrical biogenerator. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201402324
Perovskite–Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Composite as Bifunctional Catalysts for Rechargeable Lithium–Air Batteries
Authors: Park Hey Woong , Lee Dong Un , Park Moon Gyu , Ahmed Raihan , Seo Min Ho , Nazar Linda F. , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDeveloping an effective bifunctional catalyst is a significant issue, as rechargeable metal–air batteries are very attractive for future energy systems. In this study, a facile one‐pot process is introduced to prepare an advanced bifunctional catalyst (op‐LN) incorporating nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) into perovskite La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 nanoparticles (LSCF‐NPs). Confirmed by half‐cell testing, op‐LN exhibits synergistic effects of LSCF‐NP and NCNT with excellent bifunctionality for both the oxygen reduction reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction. Furthermore, op‐LN exhibits comparable performances in these reactions to Pt/C and Ir/C, respectively, which highlights its potential for use as a commercially viable bifunctional catalyst. Moreover, the results obtained by testing op‐LN in a practical Li–air battery demonstrate improved and complementary charge/discharge performance compared to those of LSCF‐NP and NCNT, and this confirms that simply prepared op‐LN is a promising candidate as a highly effective bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable metal–air batteries.
Co‐solvent Pretreatment Reduces Costly Enzyme Requirements for High Sugar and Ethanol Yields from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Yen , Cai Charles M. , Kumar Rajeev , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe introduce a new pretreatment called co‐solvent‐enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) to reduce enzyme costs dramatically for high sugar yields from hemicellulose and cellulose, which is essential for the low‐cost conversion of biomass to fuels. CELF employs THF miscible with aqueous dilute acid to obtain up to 95 % theoretical yield of glucose, xylose, and arabinose from corn stover even if coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis at only 2 mgenzyme gglucan−1. The unusually high saccharification with such low enzyme loadings can be attributed to a very high lignin removal, which is supported by compositional analysis, fractal kinetic modeling, and SEM imaging. Subsequently, nearly pure lignin product can be precipitated by the evaporation of volatile THF for recovery and recycling. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of CELF‐pretreated solids with low enzyme loadings and Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced twice as much ethanol as that from dilute‐acid‐pretreated solids if both were optimized for corn stover.
Sonophotodeposition of Bimetallic Photocatalysts Pd–Au/TiO2: Application to Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Methyl Formate
Authors: Colmenares Juan C. , Lisowski Paweł , Łomot Dariusz , Chernyayeva Olga , Lisovytskiy Dmytro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work is to develop bimetallic Pd–Au/TiO2 P90 systems, which are highly active and selective for the photocatalytic oxidation of methanol to form methyl formate. Modification of commercial TiO2 P90 with Pd–Au nanoparticles was successfully achieved for the first time by means of a sonophotodeposition (SPD) method. The prepared materials were characterized by TEM, UV/Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and powder XRD. The Pd–Au bimetallic nanoparticles supported on titania exhibited remarkably enhanced catalytic activity in selective methanol oxidation to form methyl formate due to the synergism of Au and Pd particles, as well as the strong interaction between TiO2 and Pd–Au. SPD is a green methodology that can be used to prepare well‐defined bimetallic surfaces on semiconductor supports with great promise for catalytic applications, in which selectivity can be tuned through adjustment of the surface composition.
Lewis Acid Activation of Pyridines for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Conjugate Addition
Authors: Abou‐Shehada Sarah , Teasdale Matthew C. , Bull Steven D. , Wade Charles E. , Williams Jonathan M. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA clean, mild and sustainable method for the functionalization of pyridines and their analogues is reported. A zinc‐based Lewis acid is used to activate pyridine and its analogues towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution, conjugate addition, and cyclization reactions by binding to the nitrogen on the pyridine ring and activating the pyridine ring core towards further functionalization.
Sunlight Absorption Engineering for Thermophotovoltaics: Contributions from the Optical Design
Authors: Míguez Hernán 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNowadays, solar thermophotovoltaic systems constitute a platform in which sophisticated optical material designs are put into practice with the aim of achieving the long sought after dream of developing an efficient energy conversion device based on this concept. Recent advances demonstrate that higher efficiencies are at reach using photonic nanostructures amenable to mass production and scale‐up.
The Solar Textile Challenge: How It Will Not Work and Where It Might
Authors: Krebs Frederik C. , Hösel Markus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSolar textiles are highlighted as a future technology with transformative power within the fields of both textiles and solar cells provided that developments are made in critical areas. Specifically, these are fundamental solutions to materials and material combinations with mechanical stability and flexibility imposed by textile architectures, scientific solutions to achieve high carrier transport efficiency and optical transmission in a textile topology, technical solutions to controlling the physical disposition of the anode and cathode along with their specific and error‐free contacting and, finally, practical solutions to fast and efficient manufacture and integration. The areas of application and the penetration of solar textiles into our everyday life are expected to be explosive pending efficient developments within these four key areas. A shortcoming in one or more of these will, however, lead to the solar textiles being banned to academic existence.
Flood flow attenuation diminishes cottonwood colonization sites: an experimental test along the Boise River, USA
Authors: Tiedemann Robert B. , Rood Stewart B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Boise River in southwest Idaho, USA, flows from forested mountain headwaters to the sagebrush steppe where the river was first regulated in 1909 for irrigated agriculture. Large upstream dams constructed in 1915, 1950, and 1955 are now operated to manage water for both irrigation and the attenuation of flood flows. This, in combination with bank armoring and channelization, has produced a narrowed river channel with simplified morphology. After damming, the native black cottonwood forest, Populus trichocarpa, expanded onto positions previously within the active channel. Since then, sexual reproduction of these cottonwoods appears to have become limited, apparently because of the lack of colonization sites devoid of competing vegetation. We investigated this hypothesis by constructing a channel that simulated recruitment sites previously formed by flood flow events. We observed extensive black cottonwood seedling recruitment along this channel in contrast to nearby reference sites where there were no seedlings, only saplings that originated as clonal root suckers. We conclude that the attenuation of flood flows has removed the geomorphic disturbance that previously created sites for colonization. As a consequence, the forest currently propagates primarily by clonal suckering that fails to introduce genetic diversity essential for adapting to change in the environment. To compensate for this loss, we recommend selective clearing and regrading of the floodplain according to an engineered design as one method to create cottonwood colonization sites. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REI: riparian ecosystem index to assess the impact of hydrologic regime changes on riparian ecosystems
Authors: Benjankar Rohan , Yager Elowyn , Tonina Daniele , Merz Norm 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe developed a geographic information systems (GIS)‐based multi‐metric assessment tool using model‐simulated long‐term vegetation data to assess changes in riparian ecosystems due to altered hydrologic regimes. This allowed us to estimate spatial changes in a riparian system over several decades at annual resolution, to study system trends through time, and the effect of multiple and time‐distributed human activities. We applied the tool to assess human and hydrologic impacts, for two scenarios, pre‐dam versus post‐dam periods and pre‐levee versus post‐levee periods on the Kootenai River. The pre‐dam versus post‐dam scenario considers two distinct hydrologic regimes as a result of dam operation, whereas the pre‐levee versus post‐levee scenario has one single natural hydrologic regime. We compared riparian ecosystem, community composition and native woody riparian vegetation index scores within the two scenarios. Our results showed that all three time‐averaged index scores (riparian ecosystem, community composition and native woody vegetation) were statistically higher for the pre‐dam than the post‐dam period. In contrast, differences in index scores were small and were not statistically significant between pre‐levee and post‐levee periods. Thus, our GIS‐based assessment tool can detect the impact of human‐induced changes in the natural hydrologic regime on riparian ecosystems both temporally and spatially. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose on renal function: an analysis of theFAIR‐HFstudy
Authors: Ponikowski Piotr , Filippatos Gerasimos , Colet Josep Comin , Willenheimer Ronnie , Dickstein Kenneth , Lüscher Thomas , Gaudesius Giedrius , von Eisenhart Rothe Barbara , Mori Claudio , Greenlaw Nicola , Ford Ian , Macdougall Iain , Anker Stefan D. ,   for the FAIR‐HF Trial Investigators
Published: February 2015

AimsAnaemia and iron deficiency are constituents of the cardio‐renal syndrome in chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated the effects of i.v. iron in iron‐deficientCHFpatients on renal function, and the efficacy and safety of this therapy in patients with renal dysfunction.Methods and resultsTheFAIR‐HFtrial randomized 459CHFpatients with iron deficiency (ferritin <100 µg/L, or between 100 and 299 µg/L if transferrin saturation was <20%): 304 to i.v. ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and 155 to placebo, and followed‐up for 24 weeks. Renal function was assessed at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, and 24, using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR,mL/min/1.73 m2), calculated from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD–EPI) formula. At baseline, renal function was similar between groups (62.4 ± 20.6 vs. 62.9 ± 23.4mL/min/1.73 m2,FCMvs. placebo). Compared with placebo, treatment withFCMwas associated with an increase ineGFR[treatment effect: week 4, 2.11 ± 1.21 (P= 0.082); week 12, 2.41 ± 1.33 (P= 0.070); and week 24, 2.98 ± 1.44mL/min/1.73 m2(P= 0.039)]. This effect was seen in all pre‐specified subgroups (P> 0.20 for interactions). No interaction between the favourable effects ofFCMand baseline renal function was seen for the primary endpoints [improvement in Patient Global Assessment (P= 0.43) andNYHAclass (P= 0.37) at 24 weeks]. Safety and adverse event profiles were similar in patients with baselineeGFR<60 and ≥60mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionsTreatment of iron deficiency inCHFpatients with i.v.FCMwas associated with an improvement in renal function.FCMtherapy was effective and safe inCHFpatients with renal dysfunction.
Suppression of neutrophil superoxide generation by BNP is attenuated in acute heart failure: a case for ‘BNP resistance’
Authors: Liu Saifei , Ngo Doan T.M. , Chong Cher‐Rin , Amarasekera Anjalee T. , Procter Nathan E.K. , Licari Giovanni , Dautov Rustem F. , Stewart Simon , Chirkov Yuliy Y. , Horowitz John D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsThe release of the B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is increased in heart failure (HF), a condition associated with oxidative stress. BNP is known to exert anti‐inflammatory effects including suppression of neutrophil superoxide (O2−) release. However, BNP‐based restoration of homeostasis in HF is inadequate, and the equivocal clinical benefit of a recombinant BNP, nesiritide, raises the possibility of attenuated response to BNP. We therefore tested the hypothesis that BNP‐induced suppression of neutrophil O2− generation is impaired in patients with acute HF.Methods and resultsWe have recently characterized suppression of neutrophil O2− generation (PMA‐ or fMLP‐stimulated neutrophil burst) by BNP as a measure of its physiological activity. In the present study, BNP response was compared in neutrophils of healthy subjects (n = 29) and HF patients (n = 45). Effects of BNP on fMLP‐induced phosphorylation of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47phox were also evaluated. In acute HF patients, the suppressing effect of BNP (1 µmol/L) on O2− generation was attenuated relative to that in healthy subjects (P < 0.05 for both PMA and fMLP). Analogously, BNP inhibited p47phox phosphorylation in healthy subjects but not in HF patients (P < 0.05). However, O2−‐suppressing effects of the cell‐permeable cGMP analogue (8‐pCPT‐cGMP) were preserved in acute HF. Conventional HF treatment for 5 weeks partially restored neutrophil BNP responsiveness (n = 25, P < 0.05), despite no significant decrease in plasma NT‐proBNP levels.ConclusionsBNP inhibits neutrophil O2− generation by suppressing NAD(P)H oxidase assembly. This effect is impaired in acute HF patients, with partial recovery during treatment.
The liver X receptor agonist AZ876 protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis without lipogenic side effects
Authors: Cannon Megan V. , Yu Hongjuan , Candido Wellington M. , Dokter Martin M. , Lindstedt Eva‐Lotte , Silljé Herman H.W. , van Gilst Wiek H. , de Boer Rudolf A. 
Published: February 2015

AimsLiver X receptors (LXRs) transcriptionally regulate inflammation, metabolism, and immunity. Synthetic LXR agonists have been evaluated for their efficacy in the cardiovascular system; however, they elicit prolipogenic side effects which substantially limit their therapeutic use. AZ876 is a novel high‐affinity LXR agonist. Herein, we aimed to determine the cardioprotective potential of LXR activation with AZ876.Methods and resultsCardiac hypertrophy was induced in C57Bl6/J mice via transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 6 weeks. During this period, mice received chow supplemented or not with AZ876 (20 µmol/kg/day). In murine hearts, LXRα protein expression was up‐regulated ∼7‐fold in response to TAC. LXR activation with AZ876 attenuated this increase, and significantly reduced TAC‐induced increases in heart weight, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction without affecting blood pressure. At the molecular level, AZ876 suppressed up‐regulation of hypertrophy‐ and fibrosis‐related genes, and further inhibited prohypertrophic and profibrotic transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)–Smad2/3 signalling. In isolated cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, immunocytochemistry confirmed nuclear expression of LXRα in both these cell types. In cardiomyocytes, phenylephrine‐stimulated cellular hypertrophy was significantly decreased in AZ876‐treated cells. In cardiac fibroblasts, AZ876 prevented TGFβ‐ and angiotensin II‐induced fibroblast collagen synthesis, and inhibited up‐regulation of the myofibroblastic marker, α‐smooth muscle actin. Plasma triglycerides and liver weight were unaltered following AZ876 treatment.ConclusionAZ876 activation of LXR protects from adverse cardiac remodelling in pathological pressure overload, independently of blood pressure. LXR may thus represent a putative molecular target for antihypertrophic and antifibrotic therapies in heart failure prevention.
Preparation of Porous Silicon by Sodiothermic Reduction of Zeolite and Photoactivation for Benzene Oxidation
Authors: Wang Jing‐Feng , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Zhou Zhong‐Fu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPorous silicon with its high specific surface, prepared by a sodiothermic reduction method using zeolite ZSM‐5 as the silicon precursor, has been used as an efficient photoactivator for direct oxidation of benzene to yield phenol in H2O2 solution under visible light irradiation. The surface oxidation of the porous silicon together with electron transition under the visible light irradiation acts on the benzene molecules, resulting in the generation of phenol molecules. By acid treatment the photoactivity of the used porous silicon is regained.
A Trinuclear AuI Complex with Different R3P–Au Centers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Synergetic Catalysis for Hydration of Phenylacetylene
Authors: Lai Shi‐Jun , Yang Da , Li Yong‐Qi , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Lu Yong , Liu Ye 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA trinuclear AuI complex (3A) was synthesized and fully characterized relative to mononuclear (1A) and dinuclear (2A) complexes. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses show that the AuI‐centered vectors in each of the AuI complexes (1A–3A) are all in a slightly distorted linear configuration, in which the AuI center is diagonally coordinated by one Cl– and one phosphine ligand. In 3A each P–Au–Cl vector is radially attached to the core of 1‐(thiazol‐2′‐yl)imidazolyl, which does not allow the short contact between the Au atoms to develop an aurophilic AuI–AuI interaction. Every P–Au–Cl moiety in 3A is different to each other in terms of Au–P and Au–Cl bond lengths, P–Au–Cl bond angles, and P–Au–Cl configurable orientation owing to the different coordinating ability of the involved phosphines. When 1A–3A were employed as the precatalysts for the hydration of phenylacetylene in aqueous methanol media without the involvement of any auxiliary additive, and at the same benchmark Au concentration, the reaction over 3A proceeded selectively according to Markovnikov's rule with the highest yield of acetophenone relative to those over 2A and 1A. This indicates that the catalytic performance of 3A is the outcome of the synergetic effect of the three different R3P–Au centers, in which each R3P–Au site plays an individual role in activating the substrate molecule.
Formation of Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Sulfide Mixture in the Interlayer Space of Montmorillonite
Authors: Kabilaphat Jirabhorn , Khaorapapong Nithima , Ontam Areeporn , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide (CdS and ZnS) were incorporated in sodium and cetyltrimethylammonium montmorillonites by the precipitation of sulfides from soluble metal sources in the presence of montmorillonites. The resulting hybrids were characterized by XRD, themogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The absorption onsets owing to CdS and ZnS in cetyltrimethylammonium‐montmorillonite appeared in a shorter wavelength region (311–520 nm) relative to that (309–484 nm) of the two semiconductors in sodium montmorillonite, thus reflecting the difference in the particle sizes of CdS and ZnS in the hybrids. The appearance of the broad emission bands combined with the bands centered at 469, 451, 440, and 431 nm owing to CdS and ZnS were attributed to the existence of both CdS and ZnS in the products. The difference in the emission intensity of the hybrids is discussed in terms of the role of the cetyltrimethylammonium cation. The unique optical properties of the two products were thought to occur through the interactions of sulfides with their environment (montmorillonite and cetyltrimethylammonium cation).