bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP‐associated factor is an effective suppressor of secretory immunoglobulin synthesis in immature B cells
Authors: Kikuchi Hidehiko , Nakayama Masami , Kawai Chikage , Kuribayashi Futoshi , Mimuro Hitomi , Imajoh‐Ohmi Shinobu , Nishitoh Hideki , Takami Yasunari , Nakayama Tatsuo 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP‐associated factor (PCAF) catalyzes acetylation of core histones and plays important roles in epigenetics by altering the chromatin structure in vertebrates. In this study, PCAF‐deficient DT40 mutants were analyzed and it was found that PCAF participates in regulation of secretory IgM heavy chain (H‐chain) synthesis. Remarkably, PCAF‐deficiency causes an increase in the amount of secretory IgM H‐chain mRNA, but not in that of IgM light chain and membrane‐bound IgM H‐chain mRNAs, resulting in dramatic up‐regulation of the amount of secretory IgM protein. These findings suggest that PCAF regulates soluble antibody production and is thus an effective suppressor of secretory IgM H‐chain synthesis.
Development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against canine distemper virus hemagglutinin protein
Authors: Bi Zhenwei , Xia Xingxia , Wang Yongshan , Mei Yongjie 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTCanine distemper virus (CDV) causes a serious multisystemic disease in dogs and other carnivora. Hemagglutinin (H) protein‐specific antibodies are mainly responsible for protective immunity against CDV infection. In the present study, six neutralizing MAbs to the H protein of CDV were newly obtained and characterized by immunizing BALB/c mice with a recent Chinese field isolate. Competitive binding inhibition assay revealed that they recognized four distinct antigenic regions of the H protein. Immunofluorescence assay and western blotting showed that all MAbs recognize the conformational rather than the linear epitopes of the H protein. Furthermore, in immunofluorescence and virus neutralization assays, two of the MAbs were found to react only with the recent Chinese field isolate and not with older CDV strains, including vaccine strain Onderstepoort, indicating there are neutralization‐related antigenic variations between the recent Chinese field isolate and the older CDV strains examined in this study. The newly established MAbs are useful for differentiating the expanding CDV strains and could be used in immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis against infection with CDV.
The Role of Social Media in the Capital Market: Evidence from Consumer Product Recalls
Authors: LEE LIAN FEN , HUTTON AMY P. , SHU SUSAN 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe examine how corporate social media affects the capital market consequences of firms’ disclosure in the context of consumer product recalls. Product recalls constitute a “product crisis” exposing the firm to reputational damage, loss of future sales, and legal liability. During such a crisis it is crucial for the firm to quickly and directly communicate its intended message to a wide network of stakeholders, which, in turn, renders corporate social media a potentially useful channel of disclosure. While we document that corporate social media, on average, attenuates the negative price reaction to recall announcements, the attenuation benefits of corporate social media vary with the level of control the firm has over its social media content. In particular, with the arrival of Facebook and Twitter, firms relinquished complete control over their social media content, and the attenuation benefits of corporate social media, while still significant, lessened. Detailed Twitter analysis confirms that the moderating effect of social media varies with the level of firm involvement and with the amount of control exerted by other users: the negative price reaction to a recall is attenuated by the frequency of tweets by the firm, while exacerbated by the frequency of tweets by other users.
landgenreport: a new r function to simplify landscape genetic analysis using resistance surface layers
Authors: Gruber Bernd , Adamack Aaron T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe describe functions recently added to the r package popgenreport that can be used to perform a landscape genetic analysis (LGA) based on landscape resistance surfaces, which aims to detect the effect of landscape features on gene flow. These functions for the first time implement a LGA in a single framework. Although the approach has been shown to be a valuable tool to study gene flow in landscapes, it has not been widely used to date, despite the type of data being widely available. In part, this is likely due to the necessity to use several software packages to perform landscape genetic analyses. To apply LGA functions, two types of data sets are required: a data set with spatially referenced and genotyped individuals, and a resistance layer representing the effect of the landscape. The function outputs three pairwise distance matrices from these data: a genetic distance matrix, a cost distance matrix and a Euclidean distance matrix. Statistical tests are performed to test whether the cost matrix contributes to the understanding of the observed population structure. A full report on the analysis and outputs in the form of plots and tables of all intermediate steps of the LGA is produced. It is possible to customize the LGA to allow for different cost path approaches and measures of genetic distances. The package is written in the r language and is available through the Comprehensive r Archive. Comprehensive tutorials and information on how to install and use the package are provided at the authors’ website (www.popgenreport.org).
Effect of azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl on rice blast and rice grain yield in China
Authors: Chen Y. , Yang X. , Yuan S.‐K. , Li Y.‐F. , Zhang A.‐F. , Yao J. , Gao T.‐C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSensitivity to azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl of 80 single‐spore isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae was determined. The EC50 values for azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl in inhibiting mycelial growth of the 80 M. oryzae isolates were 0.006–0.056 and 0.024–0.287 µg mL−1, respectively. The EC50 values for azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl in inhibiting conidial germination of the M. oryzae populations were 0.004–0.051 and 0.012–0.105 µg mL−1, respectively. There was significant difference in sensitivity to azoxystrobin or kresoxim‐methyl between the tested isolates representing differential sensitivity to carbendazim (MBC) and kitazin P (IBP); however, there was no correlation between this difference in sensitivity to azoxystrobin or kresoxim‐methyl and sensitivity to MBC or IBP, indicating that there was no cross‐resistance between azoxystrobin or kresoxim‐methyl and MBC or IBP. In the protective and curative experiments, kresoxim‐methyl exhibited higher protective and curative activity than azoxystrobin when applied at 150 and 250 µg mL−1 accordingly, while azoxystrobin exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against M. oryzae isolates than that of kresoxim‐methyl in the in vitro test. The results of field experiments also suggested that both azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl at 187.5 g.a.i. ha−1 gave over 73% control efficacy in both sites, exhibiting excellent activity against rice blast. Taken together, azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl could be a good substitute for MBC or IBP for controlling rice blast in China, but should be carefully used as they were both at‐risk.
Index cholecystectomy in grade II and III acute calculous cholecystitis is feasible and safe
Authors: Kamalapurkar Deepali , Pang Tony C. Y. , Siriwardhane Mehan , Hollands Michael , Johnston Emma , Pleass Henry , Richardson Arthur , Lam Vincent W. T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the Tokyo Guidelines, recommendation on management of moderate and severe cholecystitis are cholecystostomy in severe cases and either cholecystostomy or emergency cholecystectomy in moderate cases depending on surgical experience. The rationale for this is that percutaneous cholecystostomy is a short procedure while laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be associated with a larger physiological insult. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of cholecystectomy in moderate and severe acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) at our institution.MethodsA retrospective review of patients presenting to Westmead Hospital with ACC between 2011 and 2012 was performed. Patients were classified according to the Tokyo Guidelines and only grade II and grade III patients were included. Clinical and complication details were recorded from the clinical notes.ResultsOf the 84 patients, 60 had grade II and 24 had grade III ACC. The mean age was 52 years and 59% were female. In both groups, index cholecystectomy was performed in 88% of patients. None of the grade II ACC patients and three (12%) of grade III ACC underwent cholecystostomy. Length of stay (5 versus 12, P < 0.001) and conversion rate (2% versus 27%, P = 0.006) was higher in the grade III group. There were no deaths in patient who underwent surgery in either group. Severe complications were not significantly different (2% versus 9%, P = 0.219).ConclusionIndex cholecystectomy is feasible with low morbidity and no mortality even in severe ACC. Emergency cholecystectomy in the setting of severe cholecystitis appear to be safe and technically feasible option.
Algorithms for managing infant constipation, colic, regurgitation and cow's milk allergy in formula‐fed infants
Authors: Vandenplas Y , Alarcon P , Alliet P , De Greef E , De Ronne N , Hoffman I , Van Winckel M , Hauser B 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation, regurgitation and infant colic, occur in about half of infants. These symptoms are often functional, but they may also be caused by cow's milk protein allergy. We developed three algorithms for formula‐fed infants, which are consensus rather than evidence‐based due to the limited research available in the existing literature.ConclusionWe believe that these algorithms will help primary healthcare practitioners to recognise and manage these frequent gastrointestinal manifestations in infants.
MDX‐1097 induces antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity against kappa multiple myeloma cells and its activity is augmented by lenalidomide
Authors: Asvadi Parisa , Cuddihy Andrew , Dunn Rosanne D. , Jiang Vivien , Wong Mae X. , Jones Darren R. , Khong Tiffany , Spencer Andrew 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMDX‐1097 is an antibody specific for a unique B cell antigen called kappa myeloma antigen (KMA) that consists of cell membrane‐associated free kappa light chain (κFLC). KMA was detected on kappa human multiple myeloma cell lines (κHMCLs), on plasma cells (PCs) from kappa multiple myeloma (κMM) patients and on κPC dyscrasia tissue cryosections. In primary κMM samples, KMA was present on CD38+ cells that were CD138 and CD45 positive and/or negative. MDX‐1097 exhibited a higher affinity for KMA compared to κFLC and the latter did not abrogate binding to KMA. MDX‐1097‐mediated antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and in vitro exposure of target cells to the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide resulted in increased KMA expression and ADCC. Also, in vitro exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to lenalidomide enhanced MDX‐1097‐mediated ADCC. PBMCs obtained from myeloma patients after lenalidomide therapy elicited significantly higher levels of MDX‐1097‐mediated ADCC than cells obtained prior to lenalidomide treatment. These data establish KMA as a relevant cell surface antigen on MM cells that can be targeted by MDX‐1097. The ADCC‐inducing capacity of MDX‐1097 and its potentiation by lenalidomide provide a powerful rationale for clinical evaluation of MDX‐1097 alone and in combination with lenalidomide.
Exfoliation rates of primary molars submitted to three treatment protocols after 3.5 years
Authors: Mijan Maite C. , de Amorim Rodrigo G. , Mulder Jan , Frencken Jo E. , Leal Soraya C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the exfoliation pattern of primary molars treated according to three treatment protocols. The hypothesis tested was that there is no difference in the exfoliation pattern of primary molars treated according to conventional restorative treatment using amalgam (CRT), atraumatic restorative treatment using high‐viscosity glass‐ionomer (ART), and ultraconservative treatment (UCT). The latter consisted of restoring small cavities withARTand cleaning medium/large nonrestored cavities daily with toothpaste/toothbrush under supervision.MethodsA sample of 302 children aged 6–7 years from a suburban area of Brasilia was followed up for 3.5 years. The numbers of treated molars were 341 (CRT), 244 (ART), and 275 (UCT). Exfoliation rates were obtained using thePHREGprocedure. Differences between the three treatment protocol groups were tested using theWald test.ResultsAfter 3.5 years, there was no difference over the exfoliation rates of all primary molars as 51.0% (CRT), 48.7% (ART), and 48.1% (UCT) had exfoliated at the overall period (P = 0.37). Teeth with multiple‐surfaces treatment had exfoliated in a higher proportion than teeth with single‐surface treatments for all the three treatment groups (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe three treatment protocols led to similar exfoliation patterns of all primary molars after 3.5 years.
Income‐based life‐course models of caries in 30‐year‐old Australian adults
Authors: Brennan David Simon , Spencer A. John 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo assess income‐based life‐course models between the age of 13 and 30 years and caries in young adults.MethodsIn 1988–89, n = 7673 South Australian school children aged 13 years were sampled with n = 4604 children (60.0%) and n = 4476 parents (58.3%) returning questionnaires. In 2005–06, n = 632 baseline study participants aged 30 years responded (43.0% of those traced and living in Adelaide). Life‐course models representing critical period, cumulative risk and social mobility were constructed using income tertiles at ages 13 and 30 years. Critical period was evaluated by comparing the low tertile with the middle and higher tertiles at age 13. Cumulative risk was evaluated by coding the low tertile as 2, the middle tertile as 1 and highest tertile as 0, and summing to produce a cumulative risk score categorized into lower (score 0–1), moderate (score of 2) and higher risk (scores 3–4). Social mobility was classified using tertiles into stable disadvantaged, downwardly mobile, stable middle income, upwardly mobile and stable advantaged.ResultsModels adjusting for sex, visiting and toothbrushing at age 30 showed no association between caries at age 30 and low income at age 13 years (critical period model). Compared to the low cumulative risk group based on income, decayed teeth (RR = 1.6) and missing teeth (RR = 7.2) were higher (P < 0.05) in the higher risk group, and missing teeth (RR = 6.0) were higher in the moderate risk group (cumulative risk model). There were more (P < 0.05) decayed teeth in the disadvantaged (RR = 3.1) and stable middle income groups (RR = 2.2), more missing teeth for those classified as disadvantaged (RR = 6.4), stable middle (RR = 6.3) and downwardly mobile (RR = 2.8), and higher DMFT for the disadvantaged group (RR = 1.5) compared to the upwardly mobile group (social mobility model).ConclusionsSocioeconomic advantage and upward mobility were associated with fewer decayed and missing teeth at age 30 years. Life‐course models of cumulative risk and social mobility influenced oral health outcomes across childhood to adulthood.
Volume stability of hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate biphasic bone graft material in maxillary sinus floor elevation: a radiographic study using 3D cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Ohe Joo‐Young , Kim Gyu‐Tae , Lee Jung‐Woo , Al Nawas Bilal , Jung Junho , Kwon Yong‐Dae 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to confirm volume stability of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) through the changes of grafted volume over the time by 3D CT analyzing software program.Patients and MethodsFifteen patients, 16 sinuses who were scheduled a staged implantation through sinus floor elevation (SFE)–lateral window technique from 2009 to 2011 were included in the study. Of the 15 patients, eight were male and seven were female (mean age 50.1). For sinus floor augmentation, BCP with local blood was packed loosely into the maxillary sinus and the grafted site was covered with a collagen membrane. For the evaluation of volume change, 3D CBCT scans were taken five times at pre‐operatively (To), post‐op 1 week (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4). 3D image processing software (OnDemand3DTM software) was used for this study. The time sequential change was statistically evaluated.Result84.32% grafted BCP is maintained until post‐op 6 month (T4), and the average volume loss is 207.7 mm3 (about 0.21 cc). Statistically, a significant volume change (decreasing) was observed in three groups (T2–T1, T3–T2, T4–T3).ConclusionBiphasic calcium phosphate, as a synthetic material, has high volume stability and is a predictable graft material for the successful SFE. Although some limitations of the 3D analyzing software program, it is a fast, simple, relatively accurate and promising approach to quantifying long‐term changes in the grafted area.
Humoral immunity in renal transplantation: epitopes, Cw and DP, and complement‐activating capability – an update
Authors: Filippone Edward J. , Farber John L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHumoral immune responses can destroy a renal allograft. In January 2013, Consensus Guidelines were published regarding testing and management concerns with respect to antibodies in transplantation. New studies have been reported over the past two yr and controversies remain. We review here the new data in light of the Consensus Guidelines and the relevant prior research with emphasis on antibody characteristics and potential for pathogenicity. The heart of immune recognition, epitopes, is stressed, including the realization that DQ (and probably DP) epitopes may be determined not only by eplets within a given α‐ or β‐chain, but also by specific α‐ and β‐chain pairings. The significance of Cw and DP loci are discussed. To better understand which donor‐specific antibodies are pathogenic, IgG subclass determination has been studied, and in in vitro complement fixation assays, such as the C4d and C1q assays, have been evaluated.
Association of Left Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast to Uric Acid in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Akpek Mahmut , Sahin Omer , Sarli Bahadir , Arinc Huseyin , Baktir Ahmet O. , Akpek Zeynep S. , Saglam Hayrettin , Ergin Ali , Kaya Mehmet G. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesSpontaneous echo contrast (SEC) is the presence of smoke‐like echoes with a characteristic swirling motion of the blood in echocardiography. Previous clinical studies have shown that SEC is a risk factor for left atrial thrombus formation and a predictor of potential systemic embolism originating from the heart. There is an association between uric acid and prothrombotic state. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of uric acid in SEC in patients with mitral stenosis (MS).MethodsA total of 85 consecutive patients with MS were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether SEC was present in the left atrium.ResultsThere were 41 patients (mean age 46.4 ± 11.4 and 68% female) in the SEC(−) group and 44 patients (mean age 45.7 ± 7.2 and 64% female) in the SEC(+) group. High sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels were significantly higher in the SEC(+) group than in the SEC(−) group (9.5 ± 4.2 vs. 4.7 ± 2.2 mg/L, P < 0.001). Uric acid was also significantly higher in the SEC (+) group (6.3 ± 1.4 vs. 4.5 ± 1.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, uric acid >5.2 mg/dL had a 73% sensitivity and 76% specificity in predicting SEC in patients with MS. At multivariate analysis, uric acid (OR 3.919, 95% CI 1.911–8.035; P < 0.002) was an independent risk factor for SEC in patients with MS.ConclusionUric acid is independently associated with SEC in patients with MS. Our findings suggest that this inexpensive, universally available marker may be a useful biomarker for the stratification of risk in patients with MS.
Auditory and visual interactions between the superior and inferior colliculi in the ferret
Authors: Stitt Iain , Galindo‐Leon Edgar , Pieper Florian , Hollensteiner Karl J. , Engler Gerhard , Engel Andreas K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe integration of visual and auditory spatial information is important for building an accurate perception of the external world, but the fundamental mechanisms governing such audiovisual interaction have only partially been resolved. The earliest interface between auditory and visual processing pathways is in the midbrain, where the superior (SC) and inferior colliculi (IC) are reciprocally connected in an audiovisual loop. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of audiovisual interaction in the midbrain by recording neural signals from theSCandICsimultaneously in anesthetized ferrets. Visual stimuli reliably produced band‐limited phase locking ofIClocal field potentials (LFPs) in two distinct frequency bands: 6–10 and 15–30 Hz. These visualLFPresponses co‐localized with robust auditory responses that were characteristic of theIC. Imaginary coherence analysis confirmed that visual responses in theICwere not volume‐conducted signals from the neighboringSC. Visual responses in theICoccurred later than retinally driven superficialSClayers and earlier than deepSClayers that receive indirect visual inputs, suggesting that retinal inputs do not drive visually evoked responses in theIC. In addition,SCandICrecording sites with overlapping visual spatial receptive fields displayed stronger functional connectivity than sites with separate receptive fields, indicating that visual spatial maps are aligned across both midbrain structures. Reciprocal coupling between theICandSCtherefore probably serves the dynamic integration of visual and auditory representations of space.
Small colon stenosis secondary to ulcerative colitis in threeStandardbred foals
Authors: Kopper J. , Stewart S. , Habecker P. , Aitken M. R. , Southwood L. L. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThreeStandardbred foals, a colt approximately one month old and 2 fillies approximately 4.5 months old, from the same farm, presented toUniversity ofPennsylvania'sNewBoltonCentre over the course of 3 months for further evaluation due to acute onset of colic. All foals had a history of diarrhoea prior to presentation. On presentation, the foals had abdominal distension, dull demeanour and repeatedly lay down and rolled. Exploratory celiotomy revealed a segment of stenotic (lumen diameter 1–4 mm) small colon with marked distension of the colon proximal to the stenotic segment.Post mortemexamination of the foals confirmed stenosis of the small colon with a segment of ulcerative colitis associated with the stenotic region. An aetiological agent was not identified.
Equine endometrial cytology: Collection techniques and interpretation
Authors: Ferris R. A. , Bohn A. , McCue P. M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryEndometritis is an important cause of reproductive pathology in the horse. Endometrial cytology preparations from unguarded swabs, guarded swabs or brushes, cap of a guarded swab, low volume lavage or even an endometrial biopsy sample can be utilised to rapidly evaluate uterine health. These cells can easily be stained with a modified Wright's stain and evaluated for the presence or absence of inflammatory cells and pathogens. Commonly visualised cell types are easily identified with a traditional light microscope at 400× or 1000× magnification. This technique provides an easy and rapid way to diagnose endometritis in the horse.