bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Use of Language in Individual and Clinical Group Analysis and in Training
Authors: Meden Klavora Vlasta 
Published: July 2015

The nature of the first language is the subject of many myths and beliefs. It is believed that language is a supernatural gift and the grace of one or many gods. According to the Judeo–Christian culture to which I belong, there is no doubt that the first language was Hebrew. The belief that Hebrew was the original language comes from the text in the first book of Moses: ‘The Lord our God formed every beast of the field and every bird in the sky, and brought them to man to see what he would call them . . . Man gave names to all the cattle, and to the birds of the sky, and to every beast in the field. And the whole earth was of one language and one speech’ (Genesis 11.1). But when the ‘children of men’ started to build the city and the tower of Babel, God punished their vanity, ‘Let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech’. So the Lord scattered them all over the face of the earth, and they abandoned the building of the city (Genesis 11:7, 8). As we know, communication is the essence of psychotherapy. Linguistic diversity, as the consequence of God’s punishment, could therefore cause much trouble for the therapist and the patient in both individual and group psychotherapy, as they try to communicate and discuss their experience in different languages.
Anxiety and substance use disorders: A worrying combination
Authors: Arunogiri Shalini , Lubman Dan I 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Individuals with co-occurring substance use and anxiety disorders can present as a diagnostic challenge. This article aims to provide clinicians with an overview of practical approaches to assessment and treatment of this common co-morbidity. Conclusions: A comprehensive assessment can assist in formulating a holistic management plan that incorporates adapted psychological and pharmacological therapies to address both substance use and anxiety disorders in an integrated manner.
Implementing evidence-based physical activity interventions for people with mental illness: an Australian perspective
Authors: Rosenbaum Simon , Tiedemann Anne , Stanton Robert , Parker Alexandra , Waterreus Anna , Curtis Jackie , Ward Philip B 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) and exercise is increasingly being recognised as an efficacious component of treatment for various mental disorders. The association between PA and cardiometabolic disease is well established, as is the strong link between mental illness, sedentary behaviour and poor cardiometabolic health. Examples of successful integration of clinical PA programs within mental health treatment facilities are increasing. The aim of this review was to summarise the evidence regarding PA and mental illness, and to present examples of clinical exercise programs within Australian mental health facilities. Methods: A narrative synthesis of systematic reviews and clinical trials was conducted. Results: Evidence supporting the inclusion of PA programs as an adjunct to treatment for various conditions was presented; including depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. In light of the available evidence, the inclusion of clinical PA programs within mental health treatment, facilitated by dedicated clinicians (exercise physiologists / physiotherapists) was justified. Conclusions: PA is a feasible, effective and acceptable adjunct to usual care for a variety of mental disorders. There is a clear need for greater investment in initiatives aiming to increase PA among people experiencing mental illness, given the benefits to both mental and physical health outcomes.
A decade of peace: Mental health issues and service developments in the Solomon Islands since 2003
Authors: Maukera Rex , Blignault Ilse 
Published: July 2015

Objective: To describe the impact on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of the armed conflict that occurred in the Solomon Islands from 1998–2003 and the subsequent political unrest and natural disasters, and the developments in mental health services since 2003. Method: A literature and document review was conducted, supplemented by the written reflections of senior staff in the Solomon Islands Mental Health Service. Results: Conflict and natural disaster have had a significant impact on the mental health and functioning of individuals, families and communities. National health system reform has been accompanied by the reorientation of the mental health services from custodial care to care in the community and greater emphasis on mental health promotion and prevention. The dedication of the small group of Solomon Islands mental health professionals, supported by local health service managers and external donors, has been a major strength. However, they face significant challenges. Conclusions: Continued investment in mental health, including the treatment and prevention of mental and substance use disorders, is essential for mental health and development outcomes. All development stakeholders, including civil society, government, academic and research institutions, and development partners, have a role to play.
Experience from mental health clinics held during medical service camps in Fiji
Authors: Sivakumaran Hemalatha , George Kuruvilla , Naker Gunu , Nadanachandran Kathir 
Published: July 2015

Objective: We aim to describe the experience and findings of mental health clinics held during medical service camps in the rural settings of Fiji. Method: Descriptive data collated at the end of the medical camps across 2011–2014 are used to highlight the main findings. Results: The exposure to mental health assessments and brief interventions at these camps was a validating experience for both individuals and medical students attending the clinics. The most common presentations can be categorised under symptoms of depression, anxiety and relationship problems. Conclusions: The accessibility of mental health support services is a challenge in Fiji. Medical service camps can form an important pathway in promoting mental health awareness, especially amongst the rural communities of Fiji, and a useful platform for medical students to acquire some clinical exposure.
An audit of assessment and outcome of intervention at a quit smoking clinic in a homeless hostel
Authors: Power Joseph , Mallat Claire , Bonevski Billie , Nielssen Olav 
Published: July 2015

Objective: We aim to report on smoking history, mental and physical health, and the results of interventions provided by a Quit Smoking Clinic (QSC) at a Sydney homeless men’s shelter. Methods: We undertook an audit of questionnaires administered during the first QSC visit and a review of outcomes of QSC clients who attended the clinic more than once. Results: A total of 144 men were assessed at the QSC, with mean age 45.2 years (22–71) and mean smoking duration of 29 years. About half were receiving treatment for psychotic illness, and there were high rates of other psychiatric disorders, physical illness and substance use disorder. Carbon monoxide (CO) readings were significantly higher for those smoking discarded cigarette butts. Among the subset of clients who attended the clinic more than once ( n=56), only four quit for more than a month and one for a year. However, the reported number of cigarettes smoked per day was significantly lower ( p=0.001), with a significant reduction in CO ( p<0.008). Conclusions: This study confirms the difficulty that homeless men experience in quitting smoking, but demonstrates the potential to reduce the physical and financial harm of smoking through cessation support interventions in this setting.
Association of Monocyte-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio with Slow Coronary Flow is Linked to Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Canpolat Ugur , Çetin Elif Hande , Cetin Serkan , Aydin Selahattin , Akboga Mehmet Kadri , Yayla Cagri , Turak Osman , Aras Dursun , Aydogdu Sinan 
Published: July 2015

Background: Previous studies proposed that both inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired endothelial dysfunction have a significant role in occurrence of slow coronary flow (SCF). monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a recently emerged indicator of inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been studied only in patients with chronic kidney disease. Hypothesis: We aimed to assess the relationship between MHR and SCF. Methods: Patients who had angiographically normal coronary arteries were enrolled in this retrospective study (n = 253 as SCF group and n = 176 as control group). Patients who had corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame counts (cTFCs) above the normal cutoffs were defined as with SCF. Results: The MHR and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were significantly higher in the SCF group. In correlation analysis, MHR has a significantly positive correlation with cTFC and serum hsCRP levels ( P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MHR was found as independently associated with the presence of SCF (odds ratio: 1.24, P < .001). Conclusion: Higher MHR which indicates an enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress was significantly and independently associated with the presence of SCF. Besides, MHR was positively correlated with serum hsCRP level as a conventional marker for systemic inflammation.
Enterococcus faecalis promotes osteoclastogenesis and semaphorin 4D expression
Authors: Wang Shuai , Deng Zuhui , Seneviratne Chaminda J , Cheung Gary SP , Jin Lijian , Zhao Baohong , Zhang Chengfei 
Published: July 2015

Enterococcus faecalis is considered a major bacterial pathogen implicated in endodontic infections and contributes considerably to periapical periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which E. faecalis accounts for the bone destruction in periapical periodontitis in vitro. Osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells were treated with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and a wild strain of E. faecalis derived clinically from an infected root canal. The results showed that, to some extent, E. faecalis induced the RAW264.7 cells to form tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. This pathogen markedly stimulated RAW264.7 cells to express semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), which inhibits bone formation. Once RAW264.7 cells were primed by low-dose receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), E. faecalis could significantly increase the production of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and up-regulate the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, including NFATc1, TRAP and cathepsin K. Both p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways were activated by E. faecalis in RANKL-primed RAW264.7 cells, and meanwhile the expression of Sema4D was highly increased. In conclusion, E. faecalis may greatly contribute to the bone resorption in periapical periodontitis by promoting RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis and expression of Sema4D through activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways.
Asthma, COPD and overlap syndrome: a longitudinal study in young European adults
Authors: de Marco Roberto , Marcon Alessandro , Rossi Andrea , Antó Josep M. , Cerveri Isa , Gislason Thorarinn , Heinrich Joachim , Janson Christer , Jarvis Deborah , Kuenzli Nino , Leynaert Bénédicte , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Svanes Cecilie , Wjst Matthias , Burney Peter 
Published: July 2015

We compared risk factors and clinical characteristics, 9-year lung function change and hospitalisation risk across subjects with the asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS), asthma or COPD alone, or none of these diseases.Participants in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in 1991–1993 (aged 20–44 years) and 1999–2001 were included. Chronic airflow obstruction was defined as pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity<lower limit of normal on both occasions. Based on their history of respiratory symptoms, spirometry and risk factors, subjects were classified as having asthma alone (n=941), COPD alone (n=166), ACOS (n=218) and none of these (n=5659).Subjects with ACOS shared risk factors and clinical characteristics with subjects with asthma alone, but they had an earlier age of asthma onset. FEV1change in the ACOS group (−25.9 mL·year−1) was similar to that in the asthma group (−25.3 mL·year−1), and lower (p<0.001) than in the COPD group (−37.3 mL·year−1). ACOS was associated with the highest hospitalisation rate.Among young adults aged 20–44 years, ACOS seems to represent a form of severe asthma, characterised by more frequent hospitalisations, and to be the result of early-onset asthma that has progressed to fixed airflow obstruction.
Everolimus for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a phase II study
Authors: Goldberg Hilary J. , Harari Sergio , Cottin Vincent , Rosas Ivan O. , Peters Elizabeth , Biswal Shibadas , Cheng Yi , Khindri Sanjeev , Kovarik John M. , Ma Shenglin , McCormack Francis X. , Henske Elizabeth Petri 
Published: July 2015

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare, progressive cystic lung disorder characterised by dysregulated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling.This was a phase IIa, multicentre, open-label study of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (2.5 mg·day−1escalated to 10 mg·day−1) in 24 women with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Primary endpoints were safety, pharmacokinetics and serum vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) levels; secondary endpoints were measures of lung function.Following 26 weeks of everolimus treatment, forced vital capacity exhibited stability, while forced expiration volume in 1 s improved from baseline, with mean changes (95% confidence interval) of 10 mL (−111–132) and 114 mL (11–217), respectively; 6-min walk distance improved by 47 m. Median VEGF-D and collagen IV levels decreased from baseline, from 1730 pg·mL−1to 934.5 pg·mL−1, and 103 ng·mL−1to 80.5 ng·mL−1, respectively. Adverse events were mostly grade 1−2; mouth ulceration, headache, nausea, stomatitis and fatigue were common. Serious adverse events suspected to be treatment related included peripheral oedema, pneumonia, cardiac failure andPneumocystis jiroveciiinfection. Everolimus blood levels increased dose proportionally.In this study, everolimus improved some measures of lung function and exercise capacity and reduced serum VEGF-D and collagen IV. Side effects were generally consistent with known toxicities of mTOR inhibitors, although some were severe.
Migraine is associated with an increased risk for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chu Chia-Huei , Liu Chia-Jen , Lin Liang-Yu , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
There is evidence suggesting that migraine may be associated with vertigo. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most common form of vertigo, in patients with migraine using a population-based dataset.

Methods
The National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan was searched for migraine patients and was also used to select an age- and sex-matched cohort of subjects without migraine. The analyses included 8266 migraine patients and 8266 controls. The incidence rates of BPPV in the two cohorts were compared. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify risk factors for BPPV in migraine patients.

Results
In the migraine cohort, 1.11 % of the patients developed BPPV compared to 0.5 % of the controls. The incidence rate ratio was 2.03 (95 % CI 1.41–2.97; p <0.001). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that age ≥40 years (HR 2.20; 95 % CI 1.40–3.45; p = 0.001), coronary artery disease (HR 4.62; 95 % CI 1.12–19.01; p = 0.034), and the number of outpatient department visits to neurologists because of migraine (HR 2.93; 95 % CI 2.50–3.44; p >0.001) were associated with an increased risk for BPPV.

Conclusion
The results showed that patients with migraine had a 2.03-fold increased risk of developing BPPV compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Although BPPV may not be a common condition in migraine patients, migraine sufferers with vestibular symptoms should alert physicians to the possibility of BPPV, particularly if patients are aged ≥40 years, have a history of coronary artery disease, or have frequent visits to neurologists clinics because of migraine.
Age dependent normal horizontal VOR gain of head impulse test as measured with video-oculography
Authors: Mossman Benjamin , Mossman Stuart , Purdie Gordon , Schneider Erich 
Published: July 2015

Background The head impulse test (HIT) is a recognised clinical sign of the high frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which can be quantified with video-oculography. This measures the VOR gain as the ratio of angular eye velocity to angular head velocity. Although normative data is available for VOR gain with video-oculography, most normal studies in general include small numbers of subjects and do not include analysis of variation of VOR gain with age. The purpose of our study was to establish normative data across 60 control subjects aged 20 to 80 years to represent a population distribution. Methods Sixty control subjects without any current or previous form of brain disorder or vertigo participated in this study and form the basis for future comparison to patients with vestibular lesions. The relationship between the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) velocity gain and age was analysed using a mixed regression model with a random effect for subjects. Differences in testing technique were assessed to ensure reliability in results. Results The mean HVOR velocity gain of 60 normal subjects was 0.97 (SD = 0.09) at 80 ms and 0.94 (SD = 0.10) at 60 ms. The 2 SD lower limit of normal HVOR velocity gain was 0.79 at 80 ms and 0.75 at 60 ms. No HVOR velocity gain fell below 0.76 and 0.65 at 80 ms and 60 ms respectively. The HVOR velocity gain declined by 0.012 and 0.017 per decade as age increased at 80 ms and 60 ms respectively. A non-physiologically high horizontal HVOR velocity gain was found to occur in tests where passive HITs were predictable in direction and time and where target distance was below 0.70 m. Conclusions Normative data with respect to HVOR velocity gain decreases slightly with age, but with careful attention to methodology the 2 SD lower limit of normal is relatively robust across a wide age range and into the eighth decade, without requirement for adjustment with age.
Effects of hot-water extracts from Ganoderma lucidum residues and solid-state fermentation residues on prebiotic and immune-stimulatory activities in vitro and the powdered residues used as broiler feed additives in vivo
Authors: Liu Yuh-Hwa , Lin Yin-Shiou , Lin Kuan-Ling , Lu Yeh-Lin , Chen Chao-Hsiang , Chien Mei-Yin , Shang Huey-Fang , Lin Shyr-Yi , Hou Wen-Chi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Large amounts of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) commercial products are provided in the worldwide market such as powders, tea bags, or capsules as dietary supplements which contained triterpenoids and/or polysaccharides. Therefore, it was estimated that several thousand tons of GL residues (GLR) are produced and discarded. For recycling uses, the aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of two hot-water extracts from GLR (HWP_GLR) and solid-state fermentation GLR inoculated with GL mycelia (HWP_GLRF) on the growths of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium longum. The RAW264.7 cells were used to investigate the effects of HWP_GLR and HWP_GLRF on nitric oxide productions, phagocytic activities against FITC-labeled E. coli, and to lower lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding capacities. The powders of GLR and GLRF were used as additives in the commercial feeds for feeding broiler chicks in vivo to evaluate the immune-stimulatory and prebiotic activities.

Results
HWP_GLR and HWP_GLRF with molecular size 5 to 8 kDa were showed to stimulate growths of L. rhamnosus and B. longum. It was found that in the presence of polymyxin B HWP_GLR and HWP_GLRF could stimulate nitric oxide productions, elevate phagocytic activities against FITC-labeled E. coli, and to lower lipopolysaccharide-binding capacities in RAW264.7 cells. The broiler chicks were selected for feedings in vivo. The 1-day-old chicks were fed commercial feeds for 1 week, and then were fed without or with 4 or 8 % of GLR and GLRF additives for 3 weeks. There was no significant weight difference among feeding groups. However, the phagocytosis and natural killer cytotoxicity in the peripheral bloods, and prebiotic activities of bifidobacteria in feces of GLR and/or GLRF groups were significantly different compared to the control (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The GLR, GLRF, and their hot-water extracts with beneficial activities could be processed as feed additives which could increase the waste-recycling.
Decision making and preferences for acoustic signals in choice situations by female crickets
Authors: Gabel Eileen , Kuntze Janine , Hennig R. Matthias 
Published: July 2015

For mate choice decisions usually multiple attributes have to be assessed. An efficient choice for the best mate is complicated if available cues are not positively correlated as is often the case during acoustic communication. Due to varying distances of signalers a female may be confronted with signals of diverse quality at different intensities. Here we examined how available cues are weighted for a decision by female crickets. Two songs with different temporal patterns and/or sound intensities were presented in a choice paradigm and compared to female responses from a no-choice test.
When both patterns were presented at equal intensity, preference functions became wider in choice situations as compared to a no-choice paradigm. When the stimuli in two-choice tests were presented at different intensities, this effect was counteracted as preference functions became narrower compared to choice tests with stimuli of equal intensity. The weighting of intensity differences depended on pattern quality and was therefore non-linear. A simple computational model based on pattern and intensity cues reliably predicted female decisions. A comparison of processing schemes suggested that the computations for pattern recognition and directionality are performed in a network with parallel topology. However, the computational flow of information corresponded to serial processing.
A Novel Nitrogen Protective Pressurization Method to Fabricate Nano Magnesium Oxide
Authors: Chen Lifeng , Fan Hongtao , Li Wenxiu , Bai Peng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We described a novel nitrogen protective pressurization method for the preparation of nano magnesium oxide. The product obtained was characterized. It was shown that the obtained nano magnesium oxide sample had single phase and cubic crystal structure. The effect of different reaction temperatures on the products was also revealed. Compared with the normal pressure method, the purities and yields of nano magnesium oxide products were increased by the novel method. Moreover, some scale-up experiments were also done.