bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postcolonialité et archive : le cas du roman de l’après-guerre et l’héritage du conflit armé au Guatemala
Authors: Quijano Mónica 
Published: October 2014

L’une des questions soulevées par la critique postcoloniale dans les débats sur le discours littéraire en Amérique Latine est celle du statut des témoignages émanant de sujets appartenant aux groupes subalternes. Le texte rédigé par Elisabeth Burgos, Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia (1991) (Moi, Rigoberta Menchú. Une vie et une voix, la révolution au Guatemala) fournit un exemple classique, car il livre sous forme écrite le témoignage de Menchú, censé fonctionner comme une métonymie de la lutte vécue par les paysans indiens du Guatemala. Une mouvance au sein de la critique postcoloniale a mis en question la légitimité du discours littéraire pour parler des subalternes ; selon elle, il s'agirait d'un héritage du colonialisme. Cet héritage se traduirait dans un premier temps par l’imposition de l’écriture comme seul moyen légitime de transmission des savoirs et de pratique esthétique et, dans un second temps, par l’appropriation de ces discours par les élites intellectuelles, produisant ainsi un lieu institutionnel spécifique, non accessible à ceux qui n’appartiendraient pas aux cercles lettrés. J’analyse dans cet article la réponse littéraire à cette critique, à travers trois romans sur la guerre civile au Guatemala (1966-1982) écrits par trois auteurs différents (Rodrigo Rey Rosa, Roberto Morales et Horacio Castañeda). Leur travail sur les archives (écrites ou orales) ouvre, comme je tenterai de le montrer, une piste de réflexion esthétique sur la manière d’aborder le passé récent du Guatemala, et sur l'éventuelle possibilité pour l’écrivain de « parler » à la place de l’autre.
Faux et usage de faux : la forme de l’archive dans « The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee », de J. M. Coetzee
Authors: Gannier Odile 
Published: October 2014

« La seule chose que la défiance la plus outrée pourrait encore objecter sur la fidélité de cette Relation, c’est que Mr Kolbe aura peut-être, par son imagination vive, embelli les Réponses de ses Hottentots, & orné ses récits de petites additions, que diverses personnes regardent comme des embellissemens presque absolument nécessaires pour rendre une narration intéressante, sur-tout lorsqu’on parle de peuples aussi grossiers. » La préface du traducteur, en 1741, de la Description du Cap de Bonne-Espérance par Kolben met déjà en question la véridicité d’un témoignage pourtant de première main. Les mémoires et récits de voyages véhiculent toutes sortes de considérations sur l’histoire naturelle, les usages et les mœurs des populations rencontrées et, dans certains cas, colonisées. J. M. Coetzee reprend la forme d’un récit d’archive attribué à son aïeul, rédigé lors d’un voyage en territoire Namaqua, en Afrique du Sud, en vue d’une chasse à l’éléphant ; puis lors de l’expédition punitive qui suivit. On y voit comment la situation se détériore très rapidement entre plusieurs communautés étrangères l’une à l’autre. L’ancrage historique du récit central dans les années 1760 met en évidence l’incompréhension mutuelle radicale entre les groupes boers, hottentots et bochiman. Ce qui est troublant dans cette nouvelle intégrée à Dusklands (Terres de crépuscule) est le statut du texte : le récit de l’aïeul, dont le discours raciste est explicite, est-il véridique ? Est-ce plutôt un montage destiné, par l’artifice des péritextes (préface, remerciements, postface, document), à faire croire qu’il s’agit d’un témoignage réel ? Le lecteur doit faire lui-même le travail interprétatif de la forme pour décider de la teneur idéologique du texte.
L’esclave du ms. H.6 et l’anthropologue romancier : In an Antique Land d’Amitav Ghosh, une utopie de l’archive
Authors: Blanc Claudine Le 
Published: October 2014

Conçues comme une critique textuelle des documents d’archives, les postcolonial studies indiennes, sous la forme des Subaltern Studies, ont d’emblée croisé les archives, documents par excellence de l’historien, et la littérature : dans le volume VII, en 1992, le jeune anthropologue et romancier bengali Amitav Ghosh propose ainsi une étude de la correspondance d’un marchand juif du XIIe siècle (« The Slave of MS. H.6 »), qui vient redoubler In a Antique Land, récit de son terrain en Égypte, paru la même année et inspiré par la même correspondance. Mais ni l’article, ni le récit ne se mentionnent l’un l’autre : ce n’est pas un rapport de succession, mais d’exclusion qui ordonne les deux textes, en débouchant sur l’abandon par Ghosh de l’histoire au profit de la littérature. Le présent article examine cette écriture dédoublée de l’archive qui permet de lire dans In An Antique Land une mise en fiction de l’archive, à entendre non simplement comme une fictionnalisation des sources historiographiques, mais comme la mise en œuvre d’un art narratif de la multiplication et de l’entrecroisement des intrigues : un jeu de fragmentation et de réunion qui reconstruit l’expérience en roman, ce roman qu’est pour l’homme, et pour l’homme postcolonial plus que tout autre, la quête d’un passé qui fasse sens pour le présent.
Modelling of Cutting Force and Robot Load during Machining
Authors: Gołda Grzegorz , Kampa Adrian 
Published: October 2014

Industrial robots are used for many tasks, mainly for material handling, welding and cutting. Robots can be also equipped with other tools for example drill or mill cutter and used for machining. Compared to conventional machines, robots have some advantages, which are: large range, flexibility and speed. On the other hand the greater disadvantage is small stiffness of robotic arms. Also the precision of robot positioning is smaller than modern CNC machines. Nowadays small number of robots are used mainly for machining of soft materials, such as plastic, wood, foam and aluminium. We have also executed some experiments with robot machining including styrodur milling. This technique is similar to rapid prototyping technics. Obtained parts can be used as prototypes. Robots can be used also for machining of hard materials and steel, but that is related with greater cutting force. Thanks they flexibility robots can be used for tasks that are performed by hand by locksmiths. An example of deburring and chamfering of sharp edges were analysed. The burrs and sharp edges that remains after some machining operations must be removed. In most cases that is done by chamfering the edges with hand tools. That tasks requires skilled workers and is physically exhausting and therefore industrial robots can be used to perform that work. But the first problem is prediction of cutting force and selection of proper robot with adequate payload. A mechanistic model of cutting force during milling a chamfer on the edge is presented in the article. Obtained results are similar with other experimental results that are described in the analysed bibliography. Afterwards a methodology for robot selection is explained. Because robot manufacturers give only data for static payload of robot arm, there must be a way to take into account the dynamic cutting force. Some problems that are possible during robot machining are discussed, and some solution are proposed. Because milling force is not constant and still subsequently changes value and direction, it can be the source of vibration. Small stiffness of robot arm combined with vibrations can caused losing of robot position and improper surface after machining. Other problem can be robot programming for machining of curved surfaces in 3 dimensional space. There are same CAM system that can be used for that purpose. Results obtained with developed model can be used for design of robotic cell for chamfering and milling. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Standardowy; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
Nigerian Building Professionals’ Ethical Ideology and Perceived Ethical Judgement
Authors: Ameh John Oko , Odusami Koleola Tunwase 
Published: October 2014

In recent years, Nigeria is often cited in the international media in connection with corruption and other unethical practices. The professionals in the Nigerian building industry are not immune from the national trend in ethical erosion. Moral philosophy or ethical ideology has been used to explain individuals’ reasoning about moral issues and consequent behaviour. This study examines building industry professionals’ ethical ideologies with a view to understanding their ethical behaviour in professional practice. In carrying out this investigation, building professionals in clients’ organisations, contracting and consultancy organisations within the industry were asked to respond to the Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) designed by Forsyth in order to determine their idealism and relativism level. Subsequently, they were classified into one of four groups, representing different ethical ideologies. The result indicates that the dominant ethical ideology of building industry professionals is situationism. The study predicts that the attitude of building industry professionals in practice, given the current socio-political and economic situation of Nigeria would possibly be unethical because of the extreme influence situational factors have on their behaviour. This finding is a bold step and necessary benchmark for resolving ethical issues within the industry and should be of interest to policy makers. It is also useful for intra professional ethical comparison.
Construction Professionals Job Performance and Characteristics: A Comparison of Indigenous and Expatriate Construction Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Onukwube Henry Ndubuisi , Iyagba Reuben 
Published: October 2014

AbstractJob performance is considered one of the most important constructs in human resources management because it helps to explain the value and utility that each employee adds to the organisation. The professionals in the Nigerian construction companies are not exception to the perceived low job performance rate within the industry. Extant literature points to the fact that job characteristics of employees can account for variance in their job performance rate.This study compares the job performance rate and job characteristics of construction professionals in indigenous and expatriate construction companies with a view to establish a relationship between job performance and job characteristics of construction professionals. A total of 762 questionnaires were collected and used for the study. Eighty one (81) construction companies, 50 (62%) indigenous and 31 (38%) expatriate were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using mean item score, spearman rank correlation, linear regression analysis where appropriate. Findings of the study revealed that the relationship between job characteristics and job performance of construction professionals in construction companies in Nigeria is positive but low and the correlation coefficient is higher in expatriate construction companies. Based on the above finding, the study recommends that construction companies in Nigeria should endeavour and improve on their current core job dimensions (task significance, skill variety, task identity, autonomy and feedback) inherent in various jobs designed within their respective organizations as this will constitute as one of the variants that will improve the job performance rate of construction professionals.
A comparative approach to determining the growth of productivity of the New Zealand construction industry
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Carson Chris 
Published: October 2014

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the productivity and efficiency of the construction industry in New Zealand. In part this interest has manifested itself in the increased use of numerous statistical techniques to determine the productivity and efficiency of the industry. These efforts have, however, some degree of controversy. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, threefold. First it summarises the key structural findings that have been determined from past research into the construction industry in New Zealand. Secondly it makes some comparisons between the construction industry’s productivity in New Zealand with that of the six states of Australia. Finally it also considers potential areas for potential future research.
Managing geotechnical risk on US design-build transport projects
Authors: McLain Kevin , Gransberg Douglas D. , Loulakis Micheal C. 
Published: October 2014

Awarding design-build (DB) contracts before a complete subsurface investigation is completed, makes mitigating the risk of differing site conditions difficult, if not impossible. The purpose of the study was to identify effective practices for managing geotechnical risk in DB projects, and it reports the results of a survey that included responses from 42 of 50 US state departments of transportation and a content analysis of DB requests for proposals from 26 states to gauge the client’s perspective, as well as 11 structured interviews with DB contractors to obtain the perspective from the other side of the DB contract. A suite of DB geotechnical risk manage tools is presented based on the results of the analysis. Effective practices were found in three areas: enhancing communications on geotechnical issues before final proposals are submitted; the use of project-specific differing site conditions clauses; and expediting geotechnical design reviews after award. The major finding is that contract verbiage alone is not sufficient to transfer the risk of changed site conditions. The agency must actively communicate all the geotechnical information on hand at the time of the DB procurement and develop a contract strategy that reduces/retires the risk of geotechnical uncertainty as expeditiously as possible after award.
Federico García Lorca and Pablo Neruda's Odes to Walt Whitman:
Authors: Rumeau Delphine 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article investigates the relation between two poems titled “Oda a Walt Whitman,” one by Federico García Lorca (Poeta en Nueva York), the other by Pablo Neruda (Nuevas odas elementales). Both odes pay a tribute to Whitman, but also deviate from eulogy and provide a frame for a very critical depiction of contemporary America, thus mixing praise and disparagement. García Lorca and Neruda both appropriate Whitman's poetry, though they differ in the use they make of it. Furthermore, these odes should really be read as an ensemble by two poets who were once very close. The first time they met in 1933, they improvised a two-voiced speech, a “discurso al alimón,” in honor of Rubén Darío—who incidentally happens to have written a sonnet on Whitman. Neruda's “Oda a Walt Whitman” is not only an address to Whitman but also a response to García Lorca, a “poem al alimón,” so to speak. The odes really are a contrapuntal composition, since the voice of Darío echoes in the distance. Whitman is thus not only the addressee of the odes, but also a great mediator enabling García Lorca and Neruda's dialogue.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A PROPOSTA DE UMA POLÍTICA MUNICIPAL DE PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS: O CASO DE BOTUCATU/SP
Authors: Leal Mariana Santos , Ribas Luiz César 
Published: October 2014

Serviços Ambientais são os serviços prestados pelos ecossistemas que contribuem para a sustentação da vida e a manutenção do meio ambiente, e os Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) são mecanismos de remuneração aos prestadores de serviços ambientais por parte daqueles que se beneficiam dos mesmos. Botucatu é um município do estado de São Paulo com um grande potencial para implantação de PSA e sem atividades na área. Portanto, devido a essa demanda, por meio de um estudo comparativo de projetos de PSA, nas escalas federal e estadual, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise, a seleção e a proposição de critérios, contribuindo assim com a criação de uma proposta de política de PSA para o município de Botucatu.Palavras-chave: Recursos hídricos; projeto produtor de água; projeto mina d’água. AbstractContributions to a municipal policy proposal for environmental services payment: the case of Botucatu/SP. Environmental services are the ones done by the nature, that supports both the life and the environment. Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are financial transfers by beneficiaries of environmental services for the ones who provide such services due to conservation practices. Botucatu is a city in São Paulo State with a great potential for PES. Therefore, this paper develops a comparative study of PES projects in Federal and State ranges, aiming to analyze, select and propose criteria in order to contribute to the creation of a PES policy for the city.Keywords: Water resources; water producer project; headwater project.
CRESCIMENTO DA CANDEIA PELA ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL E ORGÂNICA EM REJEITO DA MINERAÇÃO DE QUARTZITO
Authors: Amaral Cristiany Silva , Silva Enilson De Barros , Pereira Israel Marinho , Nardis Bárbara Olinda , Gonçalves Neubert Homem 
Published: October 2014

A mineração tem promovido um grande aumento na ocorrência de áreas degradadas advindas de atividades mineradoras no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da candeia sob a influência da adubação mineral e orgânica quando cultivada em rejeito da mineração de quartzito. Conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco combinações de adubação orgânica (AO) e mineral (AM) e um tratamento adicional do rejeito sem AO e AM (Controle). As combinações foram: 0%AO/100%AM; 25%AO/75%AM; 50%AO/50%AM; 75%AO/25%AM; 100%AO/0%AM. As doses de 100% de AM e AO foram de 0,15 gde N, 0,32 gde P2O5, 0,18 g de K2O e 5 g de esterco de curral por dm³ de rejeito. A candeia respondeu positivamente à adubação mineral e orgânica com as doses recomendadas de 0,075 g N, 0,16 g P2O5 e 0,09 g K2O e 2,5 g de esterco de curral, por dm3 de rejeito da mineração de quartzito. O acúmulo de nutrientes na espécie candeia foi na seguinte ordem na parte aérea: K > N > P > Ca > Mg >S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu.Palavras-chave: Área degradada; teor adequado; estado nutricional; espécie nativa. AbstractGrowth of Eremanthus erythropappus by mineral and organic fertilization on mining reject of quartzite. There is a large increase of degraded areas as result of mining activities in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate growth of the Eremanthus erythropappus on mining reject of quartzite, under the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer. We developed an experiment in a greenhouse, in completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five combinations of mineral (MF) and organic (OF) fertilizer, and an additional treatment of mining reject without MF and OF (witness). The combinations were as follows: 0%OF/100%MF; 25%OF/75%MF; 50%OF/50%MF; 75%OF/25%MF; 100%OF/0% MF. Doses of 100% MF and OF were: 0,15 g of N, 0,32 g of P2O5, 0,18 g of K2O, and 5 g of bovine manure per dm³ of mining rejects. The Eremanthus erythropappus responded to mineral fertilization with recommended doses of 0,075 g N, 0,16 g P2O5 and 0,09 g K2O and 2,5 g of bovine manure per dm³ of mining reject of quartzite. The accumulation of nutrients in the species Eremanthus erythropappus on the shoot was as follows: K > N > P > Ca > Mg >S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu.Keywords: Degraded area; nutritional status; nutrients accumulation; native species.
Quality Assurance in Africa: Towards a Continental Higher Education and Research Space
Authors: Shabani Juma , Okebukola Peter , Oyewole Olusola 
Published: October 2014

This article is a critical review of quality assurance in higher education in Africa with the purpose of identifying recent results, challenges still to be faced, and actions required to forcefully move towards the construction of an African higher education and research space (AHERS). The article identifies factors responsible for the decline in quality and proposes an integrated and holistic conceptual framework for analysing quality assurance. It reviews the various initiatives implemented in recent years and identifies, among the results, the establishment of new quality assurance agencies, the creation of a regional quality assurance system in East Africa, the strengthening of institutional development capacities, and capacity building in competencies-based curriculum reform. Challenges include the limited human capacity of quality assurance agencies, ineffectiveness in implementing harmonisation strategies, and the lack of tools required to compare qualifications. The article concludes with recommendations on promoting student and staff mobility to help realise the creation of AHERS. Cet article est une critique de l’assurance qualité de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique. Il a pour objectif d’identifier les récentes études, les défis à relever, et les actions nécessaires pour provoquer la création d’un Espace Africain pour l’Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche (AHERS). Cet article identifie les facteurs à l’origine du déclin de la qualité et propose un cadre théorique holistique complet pour analyser l’assurance qualité. Il critique les différentes initiatives mises en place ces dernières années et s’attarde plus spécifiquement sur la fondation de nouvelles agences chargées de l’assurance qualité, la création d’un système régional d’assurance qualité en Afrique de l’Est, le renforcement des capacités de développement des institutions, et le développement des capacités nécessaires pour établir une réforme des programmes axée sur les compétences. La capacité humaine limitée des agences d’assurance qualité, l’inefficacité quant à l’implémentation des stratégies d’harmonisation et le manque d’outils pour comparer les diplômes font partie des difficultés majeures. Nous terminons cet article en encourageant la mobilité des étudiants et des professeurs pour provoquer la création d’un Espace Africain pour l’Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche.
Les mutations juridiques de la famille en France
Authors: Ouedraogo Richard 
Published: October 2014

La législation française en matière familiale est en pleine ébullition depuis quelques mois. Le changement de majorité parlementaire, intervenu en mai 2012, accélère la cadence des réformes : ouverture du mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe, suppression du contrat de responsabilité parentale, expérimentation de la médiation familiale dans les conflits portant sur l’exercice de l’autorité parentale, projet de révision du quotient familial pour l’octroi des allocations aux familles les moins aisées, etc. Puisque le temps de l’action politique en vue de la réalisation des promesses électorales ne laisse pas forcément de place à celui de la réflexion doctrinale, on constate que la doctrine semble dépassée, à l’heure actuelle, par ce rythme effréné de la production normative. Or, la famille comme objet « politique », au sens le plus noble, est aussi une institution juridique. Elle a donc vocation, avant toute réforme législative, à être placée au centre de la « discussion » des juristes, pour une mise au point critique des enjeux théoriques et pratiques. La présente analyse se propose par conséquent de dresser un état des lieux (non exhaustif) d’une institution qui a, depuis 40 ans, été appropriée, voire instrumentalisée par le ou les politiques, qui ont parfois ignoré les mises en garde de la doctrine sur certaines incohérences constatées ça et là dans notre droit du couple, ainsi que dans les mutations sociologiques en matière de filiation et d’autorité parentale.