bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of nanostructured carbon and gold nanoparticle hybrids
Authors: Li Yuan , Chopra Nitin 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe report simulation of optical properties of hybrid geometry comprised of multilayer graphene shell encapsulated gold nanoparticles loaded with carbon nanotubes. The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method was employed. The results indicated that the optical properties of encapsulated gold nanoparticles were not suppressed by the carbon material coating. Furthermore, low scattering effects were also observed. The simulation method helped visualize the near-surface normalized electric field, which is directly related to the intensity of hot spots on the surface of these hybrid nanoarchitectures.
Optical Properties of CdS and CdTe Sensitized ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Pereyra C. J. , Ferrer F. , Marotti R. E. , Gómez C. , Campo L. , Amy L. I. , Martín F. , Leinen D. , Ramos-Barrado J. R. , Dalchiele E. A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTOptical properties of ZnO-CdTe electrochemically prepared on a core-shell nanostructure (NS) were studied. Numerical simulations based on effective medium approximation give higher absorption than ZnO-CdS samples and a sensitive dependence on CdTe content. The absorption edges for deep black samples found by transmittance (T(λ)) and diffuse reflectance (Rdiff(λ)) measurements were at 1.33eV and 1.55eV, respectively. A split-off band edge was also found by Rdiff(λ) at ∼2.5eV. The red shift observed in T(λ), previously observed in ZnO-CdS, and may confirm the enhancement of sub-bandgap absorption due to the NS nature of samples.
Advances in Geosteering Technology: From Simple to Complex Solutions
Authors: Pitcher J. , Clegg N. , Burinda C. , Cook R. , Knutson C. , Scott M. , Løseth T. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The industry today is challenged to maximize recovery from existing assets, requiring increasingly complex and challenging reservoirs to be drilled and geosteered. Consequently, reservoir management efforts aimed at maximizing production through optimal wellbore placement require increasingly sophisticated geosteering capabilities.
In geologically simple reservoirs, conventional geosteering techniques use simple logging-while-drilling (LWD) sensors to help wellsite geologists place wells in the optimal productive zones. As geological complexity increases, more sophisticated techniques and tools are required to assist a team effort in placing the well. These tools and techniques require the integration of structure maps, LWD measurements and interpretation, and wellbore survey information to determine the location of the wellbore within the reservoir and the structure of the reservoir. This analysis then leads to the decision process about where to steer the well to meet the required objectives.
This paper discusses the use of an advanced geosteering system that uses all available geosteering technology, from the simple systems to the advanced sensors, in complex reservoir situations. The planning and execution of well placement jobs performed with this technology in several diverse reservoirs are explained. This paper also provides details about simple geosteering systems through advanced well placement techniques, based on the latest LWD technology, as well as lessons learned, pitfalls to avoid, and best practices and challenges in using these systems. Field examples are included to demonstrate the application of this technology for well placement.
Hydrophobic Associative Copolymer with Favorable Properties for the Application in Polymer Flooding
Authors: Reichenbach-Klinke Roland , Langlotz Björn , Wenzke Benjamin , Spindler Christian , Brodt Gregor 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A new thickener based on associative properties and its application in polymer flooding is discussed. The new thickener is an anionic, water-soluble copolymer containing pendant associative groups. These associative groups are based on a novel chemistry (patent application filed).
The viscosity of the new copolymer shows superior behavior compared to existing technologies like partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), especially at elevated temperature and in presence of salt respectively divalent ions. A viscosity of 33 mPas at 60°C could be obtained by adding 900 ppm of the new copolymer to synthetic sea water. In comparison, with a high molecular weight standard partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) a value of only 3 mPas was reached.
Moreover, the new polymer shows good resistance to shear during injection.
Core flood experiments were run to prove that the new associative thickening polymer is applicable in the field. These data show injectivity into a 2 Darcy core. Moreover the apparent viscosity of the polymer flood in the core outperforms the values found with commonly used polymers by far. The residual resistance factor indicates low adsorption onto sandstone.
The Multiscale Finite Volume Method on Unstructured Grids
Authors: Møyner Olav , Lie Knut-Andreas 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Finding a pressure solution for large-scale reservoirs that takes into account fine-scale heterogeneities can be very computationally intensive. One way of reducing the workload is to employ multiscale methods that capture local geological variations using a set of reusable basis functions. One of these methods, the multiscale finite-volume (MsFV) method is well studied for 2D Cartesian grids, but has not been implemented for stratigraphic and unstructured grids with faults in 3D. With reservoirs and other geological structures spanning several kilometers, running simulations on the meter scale can be prohibitively expensive in terms of time and hardware requirements. Multiscale methods are a possible solution to this problem, and extending the MsFV method to realistic grids is a step on the way towards fast and accurate solutions for large-scale reservoirs.
We present a MsFV solver along with a coarse partitioning algorithm that can handle stratigraphic grids with faults and wells. The solver is an alternative to traditional upscaling methods, but can also be used for accelerating fine-scale simulations. Approximate solutions computed by the new MsFV solver are compared with fine-scale solutions computed by a standard two-point scheme for grids with realistic permeability and geometries. The results show that the MsFV method is suitable for solving realistic permeabilities, but can fail for highly anisotropic systems. The implementation is a suitable framework for further experimentation with partitioning algorithms and MsFV variants. To achieve better precision, the implementation can use the MsFV method as a preconditioner for Arnoldi iterations using GMRES, or for smoothing cycles using Dirichlet Multiplicative Schwarz (DMS).
First Heater Cable Installed in Colombia
Authors: Acosta W.. , Garcés C. A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In an effort to improve the production of heavy oil, an operator in Colombia installed the first heater cable in Colombia. This cable is manufactured with a technology similar to the power cables used in ESP systems, the cable have specific design to generate heat in the bottom of hole. The principle of this cable is passing the electric current through a conductor to generate internal collisions of ions. These collisions transform the energy in heat; this heat is transferred to the fluid and well formation to reduce the viscosity fluid to permit the fluid mobility into the tubing.
Technical and Financial Evaluation of a Process of Cyclic Steam Injection Using Horizontal Wells
Authors: Higalgo C. A. , Muñoz S. F. , Oliveros L. R. , Naranjo C. E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In order to determine the best operating scheme, and taking into account the increase in demand for oil and the need of increasing the recovery of existing fields, enhanced recovery techniques are an alternative to the oil industry.
In Colombia, the stratified deposits of heavy oil have become the focus of oil exploration with EOR methods, including the one which is conceptually evaluated in this paper. However, the production of these fields has been restricted to strata having considerable thickness, forgetting about certain amounts of hydrocarbons from thin strata, representing significant potential for increasing production and reserves.
In search of the best alternative for extracting heavy oil reserves are contained in thin strata reservoir, this paper shows the technical and financial evaluation of applying cyclic steam injection using horizontal wells in these fields, using the injectivity and the benefit of the location Horizontal wells, and viscosity reductions product with steam heating. To carry out this process, It was evaluated the effect of each operational and reservoir parameters. Subsequently, due to the uncertainty of the distribution of steam in the reservoir and the importance of heterogeneities in this effect, the numerical simulation was performed with homogeneous and heterogeneous models, comparing productive behavior of each stage, to determine the best model to use in optimizing operational parameters.
Once the best scenario was determined it&nbsp; was performed a sensitivity and process optimization, seeking operating conditions that showed the best results with cyclic steam injection in horizontal wells, for further financial analysis that would provide a comprehensive feasibility study .
Influence of pH on the solubility of arsenic in heavily contaminated soils / Wpływ pH na rozpuszczalność arsenu w glebach silnie zanieczyszczonych
Authors: Gersztyn Leszek , Karczewska Anna , Gałka Bernard 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of pH on arsenic solubility in soils heavily contaminated by the former arsenic industry. For the purpose of the study, three soil samples were collected from the area affected by ore processing in Złoty Stok. Soils differed in initial pH, calcium carbonate content, organic matter content and total arsenic concentration. The amounts of arsenic released from soils at various pH were measured using extraction tests, where soil samples were shaken with various doses of HCl and NaOH in the presence of 0.01 mol • dm−3 CaCl2 as the background solution. Arsenic solubility in soils was considerably low at neutral or slightly acidic pH and increased considerably in both strongly acidic and alkaline conditions. The importance of these effects for environmental risk was discussed.
Pfcrt mutant haplotypes may not correspond with chloroquine resistance
Authors: Goswami Diganta , Dhiman Sunil , Rabha Bipul , Kumar Dinesh , Baruah Indra , Sharma Dhirendra Kumar , Veer Vijay 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes. The frequency distribution of pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y mutations and their association with chloroquine susceptibility was studied in an endemic area along the Indo-Bangladesh border. Methodology: A single-arm prospective study of clinical and parasitological responses in P. falciparum malaria patients to chloroquine was conducted in vivo. PCR-RFLP assay was used to detect pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y mutations in P. falciparum. The PCR products of pfcrt gene were sequenced, translated and aligned for haplotyping. Results: Out of 63 cases, 44 (69.8%) responded adequately to chloroquine treatment. Pfcrt K76T mutation was recorded in 100% of the treatment failure cases, whereas pfmdr1 N86Y mutation was found in 52.6% of the cases only. Early treatment failure (84.2%) occurred more frequently than late treatment failure (15.8%). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the probability estimate for treatment success after 7 and 15 days was 0.84 (95% CI = 0.72-0.92) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.57-0.80), respectively. Sequence analysis of 72 to 76 pfcrt gene codons revealed the presence of two mutant (CVMNT, CVIET) and two wild (CVMNK, CVIEK) haplotypes. The mutant CVIET haplotype was predominantly distributed (42.1%). Conclusions: The presence of mutations in pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y genes is not sufficient to explain the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine to P. falciparum. Study suggests that pfcrt K76T mutant haplotypes are widely distributed and are spreading diligently, which needs to be taken into account in devising an antimalarial policy.
Criteria for Defining ‘Severe Septal Deviation’
Authors: Muzaffar Rahil , Mattoo Owais , Khurshid Raja Salman , Islam Shafqat 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveCriteria for defining ‘severe septal deviation’ and to describe the clinical profile of the same.StudyRetrospective study.Materials and methodsHundred patients who were diagnosed with severe DNS and treated with extracorporeal septoplasty (ECSP) from September 2010 to December 2012, were retrospectively evaluated for this study. A review of their clinical charts formed the basis of this study.ResultsIn this study, majority of patients (96%) had nasal obstruction as their prime symptom followed by postnasal discharge in 60% cases, headache in 40% cases and anterior nasal discharge in 30% cases. External nasal deformity was reported by 22 patients. Snoring was seen in 24% of patients with same percentage complaining of altered sense of smell and throat discomfort. Epistaxis, sneezing and facial pain were seen in 14% patients. Epiphora was complained by only 8% of patients.In this study, nasal endoscopy/anterior rhinoscopy was used to type the septal deformity. The commonest septal deviation was C-shaped cephalocaudal (48%), followed by S-shaped cephalocaudal (18%), C-shaped AP (16%), S-shaped AP (12%) and sharp septal deviation/angulation in 6% cases.All but three patients (6%) had deviated nasal septum involving multiple Cottle's areas. These three patients had sharp septal angulation involving Cottle's area 2 only.In this study, most common region involving DNS was area 1 + 2 + 3 (48%) followed by area 2 + 4 + 5 (28%) and 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 (18%).Area 2 was invariably involved in 100% of cases.NOSE (nasal obstruction symptom evaluation) scores.Preoperatively, mean NOSE score was 67.60 ± 5.26 (65.34-72.86).NSS (nasal symptoms score):– Preoperatively, mean NSS was –5.08 ± 0.38 (–5.46-–4.70).ConclusionA septal deviation is regarded as ‘severe’ if patient satisfies all of the below-mentioned criteria:– Preoperatively, mean NOSE score should be 65.34 or more.Preoperatively, mean NSS should be –4.70 or more negative.The septal deviation must cause significant obstruction to Cottle's area 2 or nasal valve area.Patients of severe septal deviation report significantly higher rates of snoring (24% in our study) and PND (60% in our study) when compared with mild/moderate cases.All severe septal deviations display significant obstruction of Cottle's area 2/nasal valve area and it is thus concluded that a severe septal deviation must cause significant obstruction of area 2/nasal valve.How to cite this articleMattoo O, Muzaffar R, Khurshid RS, Islam S. Criteria for Defining ‘Severe Septal Deviation’. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):6-8.
The Modified Hockey-Stick Incision for Neck Dissection
Authors: Goswamy Jay , Murthy Praduman 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The treatment of cancers of the head and neck often involves removal of selected lymph node groups in the neck. It may also include sacrifice of structures within the neck in order to achieve clearance of disease. To make this possible, one must first gain adequate access to the neck. There are many techniques described in the literature to achieve this. This article will describe some common incisions and will discuss their strengths and pitfalls. It will also explain in detail the authors’ experience of the ‘modified hockey-stick incision’ and will explain why it is recommended.

How to cite this article
Goswamy J, Murthy P. The Modified Hockey-Stick Incision for Neck Dissection. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):22-24.
Lymphoepithelial Cyst of Tonsil
Authors: Rao Kavita , Priya NS , Shantharam Lakshmi , Somashekara KG 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The tissue interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme are few of the events which result in pathological processes. One such interaction of epithelium and lymphoid tissue may result in lymphoepithelial lesions in the oral cavity. Lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) is a rare developmental cystic lesion of the oral cavity with various histogenetic implications. Documented cases of LEC of the tonsil are low in number in the literature. We are hereby reporting a case of LEC of the tonsil in a male patient with review of literature.

How to cite this article
Somashekara KG, Priya NS, Rao K, Shantharam L. Lymphoepithelial Cyst of Tonsil. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):28-30.
Fish Bone Migrating into the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Kotecha Jay Kantilal 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Many cases have been reported in the literature about foreign bodies lodged in the hypopharynx. A foreign body penetrating the esophagus and migrating into the soft tissue of neck is a rare phenomenon. We report a case of 35 years male who ingested a fish bone which then migrated into left lobe of thyroid and the role of imaging in its detection and management.

How to cite this article
Kotecha JK. Fish Bone migrating into the Thyroid Gland. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):42-44.
A Giant Combined Laryngomucocele
Authors: Dhoke Priti Rakesh , Deosthale Nitin Vasant , Khadakkar Sonali Prabhakar , Dhote Kanchan Sandeep , Harkare Vivek Vishwas , Singh Bhanupratap Surendrakumar 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Laryngomucocele is a rare benign laryngeal disease characterized by cystic dilatation of laryngeal saccule with collection of mucous in it. The etiology behind its occurrence is still unclear, but congenital and acquired factors have been implicated in its development. Although it is a benign lesion, its presence in an old patient since many days should prompt the examiner to diligently search for laryngeal malignancy. We are presenting the case of a 61 years old male who presented with swelling in the neck, hoarseness of voice, dysphagia and dyspnea on exertion. The patient was thoroughly evaluated clinically, endoscopically and radiologically. He was diagnosed to be suffering from laryngomucocele and was managed by an external lateral cervical approach.

How to cite this article
Harkare VV, Dhote KS, Deosthale NV, Khadakkar SP, Dhoke PR, Singh BS. A Giant Combined Laryngomucocele. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):45-47.
Maneuvers in Regional Flap Use in Reconstruction of Primary Defects in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Presentation of Three Cases
Authors: Aloosi Suha Nafea 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
This case series highlights the advantages in the use of three regional flaps, submental flap, sternocleidomastoid flap and transverse cervical flap in maxillofacial primary defect reconstruction after ablative cancer surgery through presentation of three head and neck cancer patients in whom it was decided to do pedicled flaps rather than free flaps.

Aim and objective
This article is done in an attempt for encouraging for more introduction of these three flaps in head and neck reconstruction practice, and to encourage more studies be done to describe skin territory of cervical flap.

Materials and methods
Three patients presented to oral and maxillofacial department, diagnosed as having different kinds of cancer. All were managed according to the evidence-based guideline of head and neck cancer management, including the work up, diagnosis, TNM classification, surgical treatment, adjuvant treatment and follow-up. In all the three cases, regional flaps were used to close the primary defect. For the first patient, transverse cervical flap was used, the sternocleidomastoid flap in the second and submental flap in the third one.

Results
All flaps were easy to be harvested, in term of time and technique, and successful in term of viability, extension and in achieving the functional and cosmetic aim of reconstruction, with minimum donor site morbidity, all the patient are enjoying good quality of life.

Conclusion and recommendations
The regional flaps have their place to overcome limitation of free flaps due to the shortage in the armamentarium available in the hospital, especially in low resources regions, or limitations related to patients general condition, in addition, regional flaps are the best option available in case of failed free flap, or when free flap failure is anticipated and avoided. Highlighting the different maneuvers in harvesting and using regional pedicled flaps for further extensions widens the scope of indications and giving the reconstructive surgeon variability of options in reconstruction, obviates the need for special microvascular expertise in free flaps with comparable results and relatively less complication.

How to cite this article
Aloosi SN. Maneuvers in Regional Flap Use in Reconstruction of Primary Defects in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Presentation of Three Cases. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(1):48-55.
An Analysis of Biopsy-proven Tongue Lesions among 8,105 Dental Outpatients
Authors: Alaeddini Mojgan , Barghammadi Roohollah , Etemad-Moghadam Shahroo 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the present study was to analyze data on the characteristics of tongue lesions in dental patients seeking care at the Oral Pathology Service of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from 1985-2010.

Materials and methods
Demographic data and histopathologic diagnoses were recorded for all lesions that were documented as occurring on the tongue according to the patient records in our department. Statistical analysis included chi-square, t-, and Fisher's exact tests. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Tongue lesions constituted 6.3% of all received specimens which included 46 different defects. The most common lesions were lichen planus (LP), irritation fibroma (IF), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Tongue lesions were significantly more common in women compared to men (CI = 0.65-0.94, p = 0.02). Mean age (47 years) did not differ between male and female subjects (CI = −2.49 – 3.93, p = 0.06). The dorsal surface followed by the lateral aspect was the most common site for tongue lesions.

Conclusion
It seems that dental practitioners should be perceptive of LP, IF, SCC and PV, when examining the tongue. Histopathologic analysis is essential for achieving final diagnosis in a considerable number of lesions that commonly occur on this organ.

Clinical significance
Access to demographic/prevalence data in different populations may be useful in clinical settings and could be complimented by histopathologic diagnosis in most instances. The present findings can be compared with those obtained from other epidemiologic studies in this field resulting in valuable data which may be used in several types of investigations.

How to cite this article
Alaeddini M, Barghammadi R, Eshghyar N, Etemad-Moghadam S. An Analysis of Biopsyproven Tongue Lesions among 8,105 Dental Outpatients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):1-7.