bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steric Interference on the Redox-conjugated Pyrimidine Ring Rotation of Mono- and Dinuclear Copper Complexes with (4-Methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)imine Ligands
Authors: Hattori Yohei , Nishikawa Michihiro , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Kume Shoko , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A mononuclear copper(I) complex with N-[(4-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)methylene]-p-toluidine (1·BF4) and a dinuclear copper(I) complex with N,N′-bis[(4-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)methylene]-p-phenylenediamine (2·(BF4)2) were synthesized as BF4− salts to evaluate the influence of the imine moiety on the pyrimidine ring rotation isomerism. 1·BF4 existed in solution as a mixture of two isomers; 2·(BF4)2 was present as a mixture of three isomers. The redox potentials of the copper centers were changed by pyrimidine ring rotation. Comparison of 1+ and 22+ indicated that increasing the steric congestion around the copper center increased the o/i isomer ratio; the redox potentials of both the o- and i-isomers shifted in the positive direction, and the CuII/I redox reaction became slower.
Beyond “Conflict Minerals”: The Congo’s Resource Curse Lives On
Authors: Kinniburgh Colin 
Published: April 2014

January 6, 2014. It’s the opening night of the Consumer Electronics Show, and it seems as if the whole of Silicon Valley has descended on the Las Vegas Convention Center and Venetian hotel to peddle its wares. On the show floor, a company called Sensoria introduces a “smart bra” designed to accommodate fitness tracking technology, while rivals brandish other “wearables.” A startup called Parrot introduces its Jumping Sumo toy drone. Tractive unveils a dog remote. Tech gurus and A-list celebs celebrate the rise of the Internet of Things, with its data-crunching onesies and bottle warmers. As the night wears on, T-Mobile CEO John Legere, wearing a bright pink company T-shirt, crashes a swanky AT&T party, only to be kicked out fifteen minutes later. “I just wanted to hear Macklemore,” he tells a reporter.
Genome-Wide Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells Identifies Novel Prognostic Genomic Alterations in Systemic Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Chiu Connie G , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Chong Kelly K , Huang Sharon K , Kawas Neal P , Triche Timothy , Elashoff David , Kiyohara Eiji , Irie Reiko F , Morton Donald L , Hoon Dave S B 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been found in patients with metastatic melanoma and are associated with advanced melanoma stage and poor patient outcome. We hypothesize that CTC harbor genomic changes critical in the development of distant systemic metastasis. Here, we present the first genome-wide copy-number aberration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH)-based characterization of melanoma CTC.

METHODS
CTC were isolated from peripheral blood monocytes of 13 melanoma patients with regional metastasis stage IIIB/C using antibodies against melanoma-associated cell surface gangliosides.

RESULTS
We characterized 251 CNA in CTC. Comparative analysis demonstrated &gt;90% concordance in single-nucleotide polymorphism profiles between paired CTC and tumor metastases. In particular, there were notable recurring CNA across patients. In exploratory studies, the presence of several top CTC-associated CNA was verified in distant metastasis (stage IV) from 27 patients, suggesting that certain genomic changes are propagated from regional metastasis to CTC and to distant systemic metastases. Lastly, an exploratory biomarker panel derived from 5 CTC-associated CNA [CSMD2 (CUB and Sushi multiple domains 2), 1p35.1; CNTNAP5 (contactin associated protein-like 5), 2q14.3; NRDE2 (NRDE-2, necessary for RNA interference, domain containing), 14q32.11; ADAM6 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 6, pseudogene), 14q32.33; and TRPM2 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily m, member 2), 21q22.3] conferred prognostic utility for melanoma recurrence [hazard ratio (HR), 1.14; CI, 1.00–1.44; P = 0.0471] and death (HR, 2.86; CI, 1.23–14.42; P = 0.0014) in 35 patients with stage IIIB/C melanoma, with a 5-year disease-free survival of 13% vs 69% (P = 0.0006) and overall survival of 28% vs 94% between high-risk and low-risk groups defined by the biomarker panel, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides the first detailed CNA-based profile of melanoma CTC and illustrates how CTC may be used as a novel approach for identification of systemic metastasis.
WNN-Based Prediction of Security Situation Awareness for the Civil Aviation Network
Authors: Ma Lan , Ma Shaopu , Wu Zhijun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe security of the civil aviation network is closely related to flight safety. Security situation prediction is the advanced stage of situational awareness in the civil aviation network. In this article, a prediction approach of security situations for the air traffic management network is proposed on the basis of the wavelet neural network. The proposed approach adopts the wavelet theory and neural network, combining a time-series forecasting method for the prediction of security situations in the civil aviation network. The experimental results show that this approach has the advantages of fast training and high prediction accuracy.
The optical near-field: super-resolution imaging with structural and phase correlation
Authors: Lewis Aaron , Lev Dmitry , Sebag Daniel , Hamra Patricia , Levy Hadas , Bernstein Yirmi , Brahami Aaron , Tal Nataly , Goldstein Omri , Yeshua Talia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn overview of near-field optics is presented with a focus on the fundamental advances that have been made in the field since its inception 30 years ago. A focus is placed on the advancements that have been achieved in instrumentation. These advances have led to a greater generality of use with ultra-low mechanical and optical noise and the ultimate in force sensitivity with near-field optical probes. An emphasis is placed on the importance of fully integrating near-field optics with other imaging and spectroscopic modalities including Raman spectroscopy and electron/ion beam imaging. Important directions in probe design, force feedback methods and scanner flexibility are described. These developing avenues provide considerable optimism for an ever increasing incorporation of near-field optics to help resolve critical problems in fundamental and applied science.
Multiprobe NSOM fluorescence
Authors: Berezin Shirly , Kalanoor Basanth S. , Taha Hesham , Garini Yuval , Tischler Yaakov R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate simultaneous AFM/NSOM using a dual-tip normal tuning-fork based scanning probe microscope. By scanning two SPM probes simultaneously, one dedicated for AFM with a standard tip diameter of 20 nm, and the second having a 150 nm aperture NSOM fiber with 200 nm thick gold coating, we combine the benefits of ∼20 nm spatial resolution from the AFM tip with the spectral information of a near-field optical probe. The combination of simultaneous dual-tip scanning enables us to decouple the requirements for high resolution topography and probe functionality. Our method represents a marked shift from previous applications of multi-probe SPM where essentially a pump-probe methodology is implemented in which one tip scans the area around the second. As a model system, we apply dual-tip AFM/NSOM scanning to a sample of spin-cast nano-clustered Lumogen dyes, which show remarkable brightness and photochemical stability. We observe morphology features with a resolution of 20 nm, and a near-field optical resolution of 150 nm, validating our approach.
Biomineralized organic–inorganic hybrids aiming for smart drug delivery
Authors: Shi Jun , Zhang Li , Liu Yingliang , Xu Shengang , Cao Shaokui 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid materials have received great interest in the last 10 years in the controlled drug delivery area because of their excellent biocompatible, biomimetic, and pH-sensitive properties. Biomineralization is a biomineral-inspired route to prepare novel organic–inorganic hybrids, which involves a diffusion-controlled deposition of inorganic minerals within porous polymeric matrices. Proper combination of controlled biomineralization technique with the rational choice of polymer templates would lead to the successful development of smart self-assembled drug carriers. The present work mainly summarizes our recent work about the biomineralized organic–inorganic hybrid materials aiming for smart drug delivery including hybrid beads, membranes, and micro/nano gels. Furthermore, prospect for future development of the smart organic–inorganic hybrids is also discussed.
Novel π-conjugated bio-based polymer, poly(3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid), and its solvatochromism
Authors: Kan Kai , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kaneko Daisaku , Tateyama Seiji , Kaneko Tatsuo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSoluble π-conjugated polymer derived from a renewable monomer, 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-AHBA), was synthesized by an electropolymerization. The polymer has higher solubility in common solvents, compared to polyaniline, due to the polar side groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl. The polymer showed various chromic behaviors based on the solvation and ionization of the side groups, and gave a flexible film with a conductivity as high as that of semiconductor.
Genomic Relationship Matrix for Correcting Pedigree Errors in Breeding Populations: Impact on Genetic Parameters and Genomic Selection Accuracy
Authors: Munoz Patricio R. , Resende Marcio F. R. , Huber Dudley A. , Quesada Tania , Resende Marcos D. V. , Neale David B. , Wegrzyn Jill L. , Kirst Matias , Peter Gary F. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTQuantitative genetic analyses aim to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values to select superior parents, families, and individuals. For these estimates a relationship matrix derived from the pedigree typically is used in a mixed model framework. However, breeding is a complex, multistep process and errors in the pedigree are common. Because errors reduce the accuracy of genetic parameter estimates and affect genetic gain, it is important to correct these errors. Here we show that a realized relationship matrix (RRM) derived from single nucleotide polymorphism markers based on the normality of the relationship coefficients can be used to correct pedigree errors. For a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) breeding population, errors in the pedigree were detected and corrected with the RRM. With the corrected pedigree, best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) models fit the data significantly better for 14 out of 15 traits evaluated, and the predictive ability of the genomic selection models using ridge regression BLUP increased for 13 traits. The corrected pedigree based on the normality of the relationship coefficients improves accuracy of traditional estimations of heritability and breeding values as well as genomic selection predictions. As more breeding programs begin to use genomic selection, we recommend first using the dense panel of markers to correct pedigree errors and then using the improved information to develop genomic selection prediction models.
Cultivar and N Fertilizer Rate Affect Yield and N use Efficiency in Irrigated Durum Wheat
Authors: Liang Zhejun , Bronson Kevin F. , Thorp Kelly R. , Mon Jarai , Badaruddin Mohammad , Wang Guangyao 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTOptimizing N management and using cultivars with high N use efficiency (NUE) are important for durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) producers in irrigated desert production systems. A field experiment with six durum wheat cultivars was conducted with five or six levels of N treatment for two growing seasons (2010–2011 and 2011–2012) to determine NUE and yield of durum wheat cultivars under irrigated desert conditions. Recovery efficiency of N fertilizer was very high, ranging from 63 to 79%. Durum wheat cultivars differed in grain N concentration (GNC) in both seasons. In the 2011 to 2012 growing season, cultivars differed in grain yield, agronomic efficiency (AE), NUE, and N harvest index (NHI). The N fertilizer rate had a highly significant, positive effect on nearly all variables in both seasons. As the N fertilizer rate increased, grain yield, GNC, and total N uptake increased and then plateaued, while AE and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) decreased linearly. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and NUE decreased as a power function with increased N fertilizer rates. Durum wheat NUE was more closely related to NUpE than NUtE. The N harvest index responded in a quadratic manner to N rate in both years. In summary, although there was variation in grain yield and NUE among durum wheat cultivars, N fertilizer effects were much more significant than cultivar effects. This indicates that grower decisions on optimal N rate will have more impact than cultivar selection.
Breeding for Competitive and High‐Yielding Crop Cultivars
Authors: Benaragama Dilshan , Rossnagel Brian G. , Shirtliffe Steven J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWeed control with herbicides is not possible in several systems including control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.), red rice (Oryza sativa L. var. sylvatica) in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and in organic systems. Competitive crop cultivars can be used to manage weed competition if selective weed control by herbicides is not possible. However, most existing competitive crop cultivars often have low weed‐free yield and poor grain quality. We hypothesize that the progeny of a cross between a competitive forage‐type oat cultivar and a high‐yielding and high grain quality grain oat cultivar will have high yield and good grain quality as well as high competitive ability (CA). The objective of this study was to evaluate progeny lines from a cross between a tall, competitive, forage‐type oat cultivar with a semidwarf, high‐yielding milling oat for their CA against wild oat. A field study was performed in two locations in Saskatoon, SK, Canada, in 2008 and 2009 using seven progeny lines and the two parents. Oat was seeded with and without wild oat at a target crop and weed density of 250 plant m‐2 in a randomized block design with four replicates. All the genotypes were high yielding and did not differ in grain yield or quality either in weed‐free or weedy conditions. Some of the tall (CDC Baler, SA050498, and SA050479) and short (SA050040 and Ronald) genotypes had high average grain yield under both weed‐free and weedy conditions compared with the other genotypes. The tall oat line SA050479 was among the most weed suppressive, which resulted in less wild oat biomass. The seedling total leaf area, crop height, and the seedling third leaf area were negatively correlated with wild oat biomass. This study demonstrates that a cross between a high‐yielding and a highly competitive genotype can result in progeny with high CA, yield, and crop quality.
Planting Pattern and Irrigation Effects on Water‐Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat
Authors: Wang G.Y. , Han Y.Y. , Zhou X.B. , Chen Y.H. , Ouyang Z. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe world food demand is expected to double by 2050 and the availability and quality of irrigation water is declining because of the needs of the expanding population combined with the effects of climatic change. Therefore, productivity and water‐use efficiency (WUE) are crucial issues in the production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). The objective of this field study was to compare and evaluate the soil water characteristic, evapotranspiration (ET), yield, and yield components to identify possible ways to improve WUE of winter wheat in the North China Plain. The field experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replicates was conducted during 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010. There were three planting patterns: traditional flat seedbed with uniform row spacing of 25 cm, wide–narrow row spacing of 40‐cm and 20‐cm flat seedbed and furrow‐ridge seedbed; three irrigation treatments: 90, 135, and 180 mm. The results showed that planting pattern and irrigation had significant effect on ET, yield components, grain yield, and WUE (P< 0.05); however, interaction between planting pattern and irrigation only had a significant effect on yield (P< 0.01). Compared with the conventional flat uniform planting pattern, the new treatment of furrow‐ridge seedbed planting pattern increased WUE by 13.7%, increased grain yield by 9.7%, reduced ET by 3.4%, increased soil water content (SWC) by 7.7%, increased soil water storage (SWS) by 6.8%, and increased yield components (grains per spike 15.0%, thousand‐grain weight [TGW] by 3.2%). Irrigation increased upper SWC, SWS, and ET, but decreased WUE. Compared with 90‐mm irrigation treatment, 135‐mm irrigation treatment increased grain yield by 6.4%. The findings suggest that application of the furrow‐ridge seedbed planting pattern combined with 135‐mm irrigation may be an effective strategy to improve winter wheat production in water‐scarce regions.
Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Drought Tolerance in Common Bean
Authors: Mukeshimana Gerardine , Butare Louis , Cregan Perry B. , Blair Matthew W. , Kelly James D. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDrought stress is the major limitation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in subsistence farming systems worldwide. The objective of this study was to use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the BARCBean6K_3 Beadchip to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with traits related to drought tolerance in common bean. An intergene pool recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross of drought tolerant line SEA5 and CAL96 cultivar was evaluated in Rwanda for 3 yr under drought stress and nonstress and in Colombia for 1 yr under drought stress. Traits evaluated included the numbers of days to flower, maturity, and seed fill; harvest index and pod harvest index; yield and yield components including number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (SW), and seed yield per day. Harvest indices, and SW were stable regardless of water treatment while number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, and yield were significantly reduced by drought. A linkage map of the RIL population spanning 1351 cM was constructed using 2122 SNP markers. The map covered all eleven bean chromosomes with an average distance of 0.64 cM between markers. A total of 14 QTL for performance under drought were consistently identified in different environments. Quantitative trait loci associated with phenology and SW traits mapped near previously reported QTL. Linkage between SW and yield QTL SY3.3SC was observed on Pv03 and could be used to simultaneously select for seed yield and size in intergene pool crosses of common bean.
Introgressing White Mold Resistance from Phaseolus coccineus PI 439534 to Common Pinto Bean
Authors: Singh Shree P. , Schwartz Howard F. , Viteri Diego , Terán Henry , Otto Kristen 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWhite mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] is a devastating disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in cool‐ to moderate‐temperature and wet‐production regions worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is crucial for effective and economical white mold control. Partial resistance exists in cultivated and wild common bean and Phaseolus species of the secondary gene pool. The objectives were to (i) develop highly resistant breeding lines (BL) from a recurrent interspecific backcross of common pinto bean ‘UI 320’ with P. coccineus PI 439534, and (ii) compare their response with known sources of resistance. Five pinto BL derived from UI 320 × 2/PI 439534 interspecific backcross population, the two parents, nine known sources of resistance, and susceptible pinto ‘Othello’ were screened in the greenhouse. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates ARS12D and ND710 were used at the University of Idaho, Kimberly, in 2012 and isolates CO467 and NY133 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, in 2013. All five interspecific pinto BL (VC13‐1, VC13‐3, VC13‐4, VC13‐5, VC13‐6) in Idaho and three (VC13‐4, VC13‐5, VC13‐6) in Colorado exhibited significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of resistance than PI 439534. Their resistance was either similar to (in Colorado) or higher (in Idaho) than the highest levels available in other interspecific BL (92BG‐7, I9365‐31, VCW 54, VRW 32) derived from the secondary gene pool thus far, as well as medium‐ (USPT‐WM‐1) and small‐ (‘ICA Bunsi’) seeded Middle American and large‐seeded Andean dry (G 122) and green (NY 6020‐4) beans. The effectiveness of the five interspecific pinto BL for controlling white mold with and without fungicides and other disease management strategies should be performed. Genetics of resistance and tagging and mapping of new resistance genes and/or quantitative trait loci should be performed. Also, high levels of resistance from the five interspecific pinto BL should be pyramided across Phaseolus species and/or transferred into cultivars.
Phenotypic Performance of Timothy Accessions under Irrigated and Nonirrigated Conditions
Authors: Escribano Sandra , Robins Joseph G. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTimothy (Phleum pratense L.) is one of the most winter‐hardy, cool‐season perennial grasses used for forage production. However, its lack of tolerance to water stress requires supplemental irrigation for successful production in more arid areas of the world. A set of 112 timothy accessions and 6 check cultivars were evaluated for dry matter yield, in vitro true digestibility, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, and water soluble carbohydrates across two production years at Lewiston, UT, and Tetonia, ID. Supplemental irrigation was not supplied at Tetonia. For each of the traits except water‐soluble carbohydrates, the variance due to the main effect of accessions differed from zero. There was also accession × environment interaction for each of the traits. Within‐environment broad‐sense heritability estimates differed from zero and ranged from 0.45 ±0.16 to 0.80 ±0.40. Thus, genetic determinants exerted substantial influence on the expression of the traits in each environment. Most of the commercial cultivars exhibited no benefit over the accessions for these traits, and there was a relationship between the accessions’ geographic origin and their potential for timothy improvement. Asian and Northwest and Northeast European accessions possessed the greatest potential for increasing timothy nutritive value under western North American conditions. Yet there was little evidence that any accessions would provide a yield improvement.
Reciprocal Effects for Biomass Yield in Lowland Switchgrass
Authors: Bhandari Hem S. , Webb Stephen L. , Bouton Joseph H. , Saha Malay C. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivar research is focused on improvement in biomass yield and feedstock composition for bioenergy use. These improvements could be achieved by exploiting additive and non‐additive effects of nuclear genes, as well as reciprocal differences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of reciprocal effects on biomass yield in lowland switchgrass. Forty‐six biparental crosses and their reciprocals were evaluated at two locations in south‐central Oklahoma using a honeycomb design. The trial was established in the summer of 2007, and year‐end biomass yields were recorded during 2008 and 2009. The mean DNA content of the parents ranged from 1.96 to 3.70 pg, confirming that the parental genotypes were tetraploid. Ten of the 46 crosses demonstrating favorable reciprocal effects (P ≤ 0.10) had >12% biomass yield advantage. The direction of reciprocal difference was fairly consistent across locations by years. The relative advantage of using a certain genotype as the female parent depended on the genetic background of the other genotype used in crossing, indicating the complex genetics of reciprocal effects. The hybrids from parent ‘LL43’ in crosses with ‘LL126’ and ‘LL22’ produced an average of >40% biomass when used as the pollen parent rather than using it as the female. Evaluation of genotypes of interest for reciprocal effects by crossing with several other genotypes would help identify parents with favorable maternal effects for use in development of superior synthetic or hybrid varieties.