bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photon Emission by an Electron in a Constant Background Field Modeling a Lorentz-Noninvariant Vacuum
Authors: Borisov Anatoly V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We considered the radiative transition of an electron due to its spin-flip in a constant background field of the quasielectric type, which models the Lorentz-noninvariant vacuum. The power and probability of radiation and the degree of its linear polarization are calculated. It is shown that this radiative transition leads to the complete polarization of the initially unpolarized electron beam. The investigated effects increase with increasing electron energy.
Optimizing Total Knee Arthroplasty Rehabilitation With Telehealth Physical Activity Behavior Change Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Christiansen Cory L , Kline Paul W , Anderson Chelsey B , Melanson Edward L , Sullivan William J , Richardson Vanessa L , Juarez-Colunga Elizabeth , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA) rehabilitation has little impact on sedentary lifestyles that have negative long-term health consequences. The purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of telehealth-based physical activity behavior change intervention on physical activity and functional outcomes following TKA.

Methods
This study was a 2-arm, parallel randomized controlled superiority trial at a regional Veterans Affairs medical center. The participants were 92 US military veterans (mean age = 65.7 [SD =7.8] y) undergoing unilateral TKA. The Physical Activity Behavior Change (PABC) intervention included telehealth-based self-management training (10 30-minute sessions) delivered over 12 weeks. The control intervention included telehealth-based health education sessions that matched PABC frequency and duration. Both groups participated in standardized conventional outpatient rehabilitation. Physical activity, measured as average daily step count, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were Life-Space Assessment questionnaire, 30-Second Chair-Stand test, Timed “Up & Go” Test, 6-Minute Walk Test, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey. The Self Efficacy for Exercise scale and daily time spent in different postures (sitting/lying, standing, stepping) were exploratory variables. Outcomes were measured at baseline (before surgery), mid-intervention (8 weeks after surgery), after the intervention (14 weeks after surgery; primary endpoint), and follow-up (38 weeks after surgery).

Results
The PABC group had an estimated 931 (95% CI = 42–1819) more daily steps than the control group from baseline to 14 weeks, though a between-group effect was not sustained at 38 weeks. There were no group differences in secondary outcomes. Participants included only military veterans using Veterans Health Administration services. The intervention targeted self-management and did not include peer support.

Conclusion
The PABC intervention improved physical activity for veterans recovering from unilateral TKA at 14 weeks after surgery, though the effect was not sustained at 38 weeks. Physical function improved with rehabilitation but was not different between groups, indicating that physical function was not a primary driver of physical activity behavior.

Impact
Conventional TKA rehabilitation has a negligible effect on free-living physical activity, which is relevant to long-term health outcomes. This trial identified telehealth physical activity self-management as effective in addressing activity behaviors, separate from conventional rehabilitation strategies.
Training an Anti-Ableist Physical Therapist Workforce: Critical Perspectives of Health Care Education That Contribute to Health Inequities for People With Disabilities
Authors: Whalen Smith Cara N , Havercamp Susan M , Tosun Leyla , Shetterly Samantha , Munir Armin , Kennedy Winston , Feldner Heather A , Herrman Deana , Sloane Bethany M , Weinstein Faye H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Americans with disabilities represent the largest historically underserved and marginalized health disparity population in the United States. This perspective piece will raise the awareness of physical therapist faculty and clinicians on gaps in health care provider knowledge about disability and provide actionable strategies, frameworks, and resources available to improve disability competence to make changes in clinical education and practice. In this perspective piece, 3 contributions are made. First, health disparities experienced by Americans with disabilities as a result of health care providers’ biased assumptions about disability and lack of disability competence are described through an in-depth illustration of lived experiences of people with disabilities. Second, a discussion of disability competence in physical therapist education is provided. Finally, critical and evidence–based insights and actionable frameworks and resources to address disability competence training gaps and to promote anti-ableist practice are provided.
Training a convolutional neural network for real–bogus classification in the ATLAS survey
Authors: Weston J G , Smith K W , Smartt S J , Tonry J L , Stevance H F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a convolutional neural network (CNN) for use in the real–bogus classification of transient detections made by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) and subsequent efforts to improve performance since initial development. In transient detection surveys, the number of alerts made outstrips the capacity for human scanning, necessitating the use of machine learning aids to reduce the number of false positives presented to annotators. We take a sample of recently annotated data from each of the three operating ATLAS telescope with $\sim$340 000 real (known transients) and $\sim$1030 000 bogus detections per model. We retrained the CNN architecture with these data specific to each ATLAS unit, achieving a median false positive rate (FPR) of 0.72 per cent for a 1.00 per cent missed detection rate. Further investigations indicate that if we reduce the input image size it results in increased FPR. Finally architecture adjustments and comparisons to contemporary CNNs indicate that our retrained classifier is providing an optimal FPR. We conclude that the periodic retraining and readjustment of classification models on survey data can yield significant improvements as data drift arising from changes in the optical and detector performance can lead to new features in the model and subsequent deteriorations in performance.
Long-term outcomes of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mirguet Anne , Aeschlimann Florence A , Lemelle Irene , Jaussaud Roland , Decker Paul , Moulinet Thomas , Mohamed Shirine , Quartier Pierre , Hofer Michael , Boyer Olivia , Belot Alexandre , Hummel Aurélie , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Bader-Meunier Brigitte 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Data on the long-term outcome of patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) are scarce. Aims of this study were to describe the long-term outcomes of cSLE and to identify factors associated with the development of damage and persistent disease activity.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective multicentre study using data from the PEDIALUP registry of the Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism (JIR) cohort database. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory, radiological, histological and treatment data were collected from medical records during follow-up.

Results
A total of 138 patients with cSLE, diagnosed between 1971 and 2015, were included. With a median follow-up of 15.4 [9.6–22.4] years, 51% of patients had a SLICC-damage index (DI) score ≥1 at last follow-up with the musculoskeletal, cutaneous, renal, neurological and cardiovascular damage being the most common manifestations. The proportion of patients with a SLICC-DI score ≥1 increased significantly with the duration of the follow-up (P &lt; 0.001). On multivariate analysis, duration of follow-up was associated with increased risk of cumulative damage (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01, 1.15, P = 0.035). At the last visit, 34% of patients still had active disease with a SLEDAI score of ≥6. On multivariate analysis, sub-Saharan African ethnicity was associated with 7-fold increased odds of having active disease at the last visit compared with Caucasians (OR 7.44, 95% CI 2.24, 24.74, P = 0.0002).

Conclusion
The prevalence of damage remains high in patients with cSLE even when the diagnosis of cSLE has been made in the recent decades.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized multiple dose phase 1b trial of a CDK4/6 inhibitor, TCK-276, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tasaki Daisuke , Tsuruda Kazuoki , Sun Shosho , Tsumura Yoshinori , Asano Satoshi , Suzuki Yuki , Tsujimoto Shunsuke , Miura Daishiro , Sato Hiroaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy (as an exploratory endpoint) of TCK-276, a novel CDK4/6 inhibitor, after multiple oral doses for 7 days in patients with active RA.

Methods
This multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ascending, double-blind, phase 1b, multiple-dose study included 32 patients with active RA in four cohorts of 8 patients (6 active and 2 matching placebo), each receiving an oral dose of TCK-276 or matching placebo for 7 days (once daily). The doses of TCK-276 were 10, 25, 75 and 175 mg/day. Safety and pharmacokinetic endpoints, and exploratory disease activity parameters for RA were assessed.

Results
There were no deaths, serious adverse events, notable clinically meaningful laboratory findings (including haematological changes), clinically meaningful vital sign changes or clinically meaningful ECG or cardiac telemetry changes. TCK-276 was rapidly absorbed and the half-life time ranged approximately from 6 to 12 h. No obvious accumulation was observed, and the increase in TCK-276 exposure was dose proportional. At day 7, DAS28-CRP responses (EULAR good or moderate responses) were observed in 40%, 80% and 66.7% at 25, 75 and 175 mg/day TCK-276, respectively, vs 12.5% in placebo; ACR20 responses were 33.3%, 60% and 50%, respectively, vs none in placebo.

Conclusion
TCK-276 (≤175 mg) was well tolerated with no clinically meaningful safety signals in patients with active RA. Together with the preliminary efficacy (≥25 mg/day), these data warrant further study of TCK-276 for the treatment of active RA.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT05437419.
The impact of periodontitis and periodontal treatment on rheumatoid arthritis outcomes: an exploratory clinical trial
Authors: Silva Daniela S , de Vries Charlotte , Rovisco João , Serra Sara , Kaminska Marta , Mydel Piotr , Lundberg Karin , da Silva José António P , Baptista Isabel P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Studies suggest RA patients could benefit from periodontal treatment. However, published data are inconsistent, and there is a need for better-controlled research. Our study aims to address these limitations.

Methods
In this exploratory randomized delayed-start study, 22 RA patients with moderate/severe periodontitis were subjected to full-mouth debridement. Periodontal and rheumatological assessments, including measuring anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (CCP2) IgG levels, were performed at baseline (V1), 2 months (V2) and 6 months (V3) after steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy. Primary outcome was changes in DAS for 28 joints (DAS28) between V2 and V1. Secondary outcomes were changes in other rheumatological or periodontal clinical parameters (V2 or V3-V1).

Results
RA disease activity was significantly higher in RA patients with severe periodontitis compared with moderate periodontitis at baseline, with significant positive correlations between several rheumatological and periodontal parameters. After periodontal treatment, RA patients with severe, but not moderate, periodontitis demonstrated significant improvements in DAS28 (ΔV2-V1, P = 0.042; ΔV3-V1, P = 0.001) and significant reduction in anti-CCP2 IgG levels at V3 (P = 0.032).

Conclusion
Periodontal treatment is locally effective in patients with RA and impacts RA disease activity and anti-CCP2 antibody levels in patients with severe periodontitis. Hence, our data suggest that periodontal assessment and treatment should be integrated in the management of RA patients within a treat-to-target strategy.

Trial registration
isrctn.com, http://www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN 17950307.
Avacopan for anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies-associated vasculitis: a multicentre real-world study
Authors: Gabilan Charlotte , Belliere Julie , Moranne Olivier , Pfirmann Pierre , Samson Maxime , Delattre Vincent , Thoreau Benjamin , Gueutin Victor , Boyer Annabel , Leurs Amélie , Astouati Quentin , Ronsin Charles , Quemeneur Thomas , Ribes David , Karras Alexandre , Faguer Stanislas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Avacopan, a selective C5aR1 inhibitor, recently emerged as a glucocorticoid (GCs) sparing agent in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We aim to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of avacopan given outside randomized clinical trials or with severe kidney involvement.

Methods
In this multicentre retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical charts of patients with AAV and contraindication to high dose of GCs who received avacopan 30 mg b.i.d plus standard-of-care regimen owing to the French early access program between 2020 and 2023. Efficacy and safety data were recorded using a standardized case report form.

Results
Among the 31 patients (median age 72 years), 10 had a relapsing AAV, 20 had anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies and 30 had kidney vasculitis. Induction regimen included rituximab (n = 27), cyclophosphamide (n = 2) or both (n = 2). Five patients did not receive GCs. Despite rapid GCs tapering (which were withdrawn in 23 patients before month 3), 25 patients (81%) had a favourable outcome and no severe adverse event. The estimated glomerular filtration rate increased from 19 [15; 34] to 35 mL/min/1.73 m2 [23; 45] at month 12 (P &lt; 0.05), independently of kidney biopsies findings. One patient developed refractory AAV and two had a relapse while receiving avacopan. At month 12, ANCA remained positive in 10/18 patients (55.5%). Two patients developed severe adverse events leading to a withdrawal of avacopan (hepatitis and age-related macular degeneration).

Conclusions
The GCs’ sparing effect of avacopan was confirmed, even in patients with severe kidney vasculitis, but further studies are required to identify the optimal dosing of GCs when avacopan is used.
Contracting when enforcement is weak: evidence from an audit study
Authors: Iyer Rajkamal , Schoar Antoinette 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How are contracts structured in the presence of relationship-specific investments when legal enforcement is weak? Using a new audit methodology, we show that simple financial contracts in combination with social norms and reputation concerns can sustain relationship-specific transactions. Wholesalers in the market for pens in India use upfront payments rather than increased risk premiums to mitigate risks arising from relationship-specific investments. Upfront payments for printed pens cover only 40 percent of the production costs, highlighting the importance of upfront payments as a screening device. Ex-post, renegotiation is more likely for printed pens, but in a substantial fraction of cases, renegotiation fails.
Societal guardrails for AI? Perspectives on what we know about public opinion on artificial intelligence
Authors: Eom Dayeon , Newman Todd , Brossard Dominique , Scheufele Dietram A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) not only holds immense potential for improving quality of life but also creates complex ethical, legal, and societal challenges. AI has gained significant attention recently, particularly by introducing ChatGPT and other emerging applications. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of public opinion trends on AI, drawing from fifteen surveys conducted in the USA over the past 4 years. The findings reveal a divided American public regarding AI’s applications. Americans generally call for more regulation and government oversight, expressing a need for increased measures before fully embracing AI. While specific AI applications, such as skin cancer screening, have been welcomed, most Americans emphasize the importance of addressing societal concerns such as racial bias and inequities before the widespread implementation of AI. The evolving landscape of AI necessitates ongoing monitoring of public sentiment and the consideration of societal implications.
Conspiracy theories and the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: the rise, radicalization, and fall (?) of YamatoQ-kai
Authors: Demelius Yoko , Szczepanska Kamila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how conspiracy theories, spirituality, and resistance against pandemic-mitigation measures became intertwined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in Japan. Utilizing selected concepts from social movement theories (SMT), this case study-driven exploratory analysis focuses on the activities of YamatoQ-kai, a civil society organization that originated in a group of conspiracy-theory influencers and whose activities included the dissemination of an anti-immunization agenda. By analysing online posts on the organization’s homepage and journalistic reports on the organization, the article illuminates the underlying implications of the conspiracy theorists’ activism and demonstrates how the group adopted QAnon’s conspiracy rhetoric whilst taking a Japanized form. Second, it explains YamatoQ’s pivotal place amongst the Japanese societal actors espousing vaccine-hesitant attitudes. Finally, it shows how the group—as an unconventional case of conspirituality—created tangible experiences for followers and demonstrates the affective impact of group solidarity. In this way, the article’s findings contribute to closing the research gaps in scholarship on conspiracy theories, vaccine scepticism, and conspirituality.
Austria: Private foundations in Austria—between consolidation and reform
Authors: Schauer Martin , Nueber Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Austrian private foundation law, which was 30 years old in 2023, is currently going through a phase of consolidation. Private foundations are also a constant concern for the Austrian courts in conflict situations. In this article the authors take a closer look at the Austrian private foundation as an instrument of asset protection in case of divorce, the interpretation of foundation documents, and the composition of a possible council. They also make an assessment of the way ahead.
Artificial intelligence system for outcome evaluations of human in vitro fertilization-derived embryos
Authors: Sun Ling , Li Jiahui , Zeng Simiao , Luo Qiangxiang , Miao Hanpei , Liang Yunhao , Cheng Linling , Sun Zhuo , Tai Wa Hou , Han Yibing , Yin Yun , Wu Keliang , Zhang Kang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has emerged as a transformative solution for infertility. However, achieving favorable live-birth outcomes remains challenging. Current clinical IVF practices in IVF involve the collection of heterogeneous embryo data through diverse methods, including static images and temporal videos. However, traditional embryo selection methods, primarily reliant on visual inspection of morphology, exhibit variability and are contingent on the experience of practitioners. Therefore, an automated system that can evaluate heterogeneous embryo data to predict the final outcomes of live births is highly desirable.

Methods:
We employed artificial intelligence (AI) for embryo morphological grading, blastocyst embryo selection, aneuploidy prediction, and final live-birth outcome prediction. We developed and validated the AI models using multitask learning for embryo morphological assessment, including pronucleus type on day 1 and the number of blastomeres, asymmetry, and fragmentation of blastomeres on day 3, using 19,201 embryo photographs from 8271 patients. A neural network was trained on embryo and clinical metadata to identify good-quality embryos for implantation on day 3 or day 5, and predict live-birth outcomes. Additionally, a 3D convolutional neural network was trained on 418 time-lapse videos of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)-based ploidy outcomes for the prediction of aneuploidy and consequent live-birth outcomes.

Results:
These two approaches enabled us to automatically assess the implantation potential. By combining embryo and maternal metrics in an ensemble AI model, we evaluated live-birth outcomes in a prospective cohort that achieved higher accuracy than experienced embryologists (46.1% vs. 30.7% on day 3, 55.0% vs. 40.7% on day 5). Our results demonstrate the potential for AI-based selection of embryos based on characteristics beyond the observational abilities of human clinicians (area under the curve: 0.769, 95% confidence interval: 0.709–0.820). These findings could potentially provide a noninvasive, high-throughput, and low-cost screening tool to facilitate embryo selection and achieve better outcomes.

Conclusions:
Our study underscores the AI model’s ability to provide interpretable evidence for clinicians in assisted reproduction, highlighting its potential as a noninvasive, efficient, and cost-effective tool for improved embryo selection and enhanced IVF outcomes. The convergence of cutting-edge technology and reproductive medicine has opened new avenues for addressing infertility challenges and optimizing IVF success rates.