bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐scale integration of knowledge for predicting species ranges: a metamodelling framework
Authors: Talluto Lauren , Boulangeat Isabelle , Ameztegui Aitor , Aubin Isabelle , Berteaux Dominique , Butler Alyssa , Doyon Frédérik , Drever C. Ronnie , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Franceschini Tony , Liénard Jean , McKenney Dan , Solarik Kevin A. , Strigul Nikolay , Thuiller Wilfried , Gravel Dominique 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimCurrent interest in forecasting changes to species ranges has resulted in a multitude of approaches to species distribution models (SDMs). However, most approaches include only a small subset of the available information, and many ignore smaller‐scale processes such as growth, fecundity and dispersal. Furthermore, different approaches often produce divergent predictions with no simple method to reconcile them. Here, we present a flexible framework for integrating models at multiple scales using hierarchical Bayesian methods.LocationEastern North America (as an example).MethodsOur framework builds a metamodel that is constrained by the results of multiple sub‐models and provides probabilistic estimates of species presence. We applied our approach to a simulated dataset to demonstrate the integration of a correlative SDM with a theoretical model. In a second example, we built an integrated model combining the results of a physiological model with presence–absence data for sugar maple (Acer saccharum), an abundant tree native to eastern North America.ResultsFor both examples, the integrated models successfully included information from all data sources and substantially improved the characterization of uncertainty. For the second example, the integrated model outperformed the source models with respect to uncertainty when modelling the present range of the species. When projecting into the future, the model provided a consensus view of two models that differed substantially in their predictions. Uncertainty was reduced where the models agreed and was greater where they diverged, providing a more realistic view of the state of knowledge than either source model.Main conclusionsWe conclude by discussing the potential applications of our method and its accessibility to applied ecologists. In ideal cases, our framework can be easily implemented using off‐the‐shelf software. The framework has wide potential for use in species distribution modelling and can drive better integration of multi‐source and multi‐scale data into ecological decision‐making.
Explaining the Relative Frequency of Face‐to‐face Meetings in Cooperative Relationships among Companies: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Aguiléra Anne , Lethiais Virginie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper analyses the factors that influence the relative frequency of face‐to‐face meetings when companies cooperate with each other. Specifically, we explore the role of geographical distance between the partners and how it affects the influence of other factors, especially the nature of knowledge and the ability to use information technology. An econometric analysis based on a survey of 338 companies in the Brittany region (France) shows that the factors that influence the relative frequency of face‐to‐face encounters differ according to whether the partners are located within or outside a single region. In particular, the nature of knowledge plays a role only when the partners are remote.
The role of procalcitonin as a marker of diabetic foot ulcer infection
Authors: Massara Mafalda , De Caridi Giovanni , Serra Raffaele , Barillà David , Cutrupi Andrea , Volpe Alberto , Cutrupi Francesco , Alberti Antonino , Volpe Pietro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFoot ulcers are frequent in diabetic patients and are responsible for 85% of amputations, especially in the presence of infection. The diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcer infection is essentially based on clinical evaluation, but laboratory parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood count (WBC), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and, more recently, procalcitonin (PCT) could aid the diagnosis, especially when clinical signs are misleading. Fifteen diabetic patients with infected foot ulcers were admitted to our department and were compared with an additional group of patients with non‐infected diabetic foot ulcers (NIDFUs). Blood samples were collected from all patients in order to evaluate laboratory markers. In the current study, the diagnostic accuracy of PCT serum levels was evaluated in comparison with other inflammatory markers such as CRP, ESR and WBC as an indicator to make the distinction between infected diabetic foot ulcers (IDFUs) and NIDFUs. CRP, WBC, ESR and especially PCT measurements represent effective biomarkers in the diagnosis of foot infections in diabetic patients particularly when clinical signs are misleading.
Clinical supervision and nursing students' professional competence: support‐seeking behaviour and the attachment styles of students and mentors
Authors: Moked Zahava , Drach‐Zahavy Anat 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine whether the interdependent attachment style of students is positively related to their support‐seeking behaviour during supervision and whether their over‐dependent and counter‐dependent attachment styles are negatively related to it. Second, to determine whether the mentors' attachment styles moderate the relationship between the students' support‐seeking behaviours and their professional competence, such that this relationship is stronger when supervisors are characterized by higher independent attachment style.BackgroundThe mentor–student encounter during nursing clinical supervision is expected to create a supportive environment aimed at promoting support‐seeking behaviours and subsequent positive supervision outcomes. Bowlby's attachment theory suggests that the three attachment styles – independent, counter‐dependent and over‐dependent – may have implications for clinical supervision.DesignA correlative‐prospective study.MethodOne hundred and seventy‐eight students and 66 clinical mentors completed questionnaires at the beginning and end of a clinical supervision session during 2012–2013.ResultsResults demonstrated that high compared with low independent nursing students tended to seek less support. Second, students who seek less support evaluated their professional competence as higher than students who seek more support. Third, mentor's counter‐dependent attachment style moderated the relationship between students' support‐seeking behaviour and their professional competencies.ConclusionsThe results allude to the detrimental meaning of support‐seeking in the eyes of nursing students. Results can guide administrators in promoting supervision processes that are compatible with the students' independent learning style, while also preventing the negative implications of autonomic learning. Furthermore, as mentors' counter‐dependent attachment style can hinder students' support‐seeking, attachment styles should be considered in the selection of mentors.
The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy – a re‐examination using a sibling design
Authors: Obel Carsten , Zhu Jin Liang , Olsen Jørn , Breining Sanni , Li Jiong , Grønborg Therese K. , Gissler Mika , Rutter Michael 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundConventional cohort studies have consistently shown that exposure to maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with about twice the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring. However, recent studies using alternative designs to disentangle the effect of social and genetic confounders have suggested that confounding may account for the association. In this study we aimed to estimate the association by a sibling design.MethodsWe used a design with half and full siblings in a Danish national register‐based cohort on all singletons born between January 1991 and December 2006 and followed until January 2011. Data were available for 90% (N = 968,665) of the singleton live births in the period. We used the combination of the International Classification of Diseases (10th version) diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) and ADHD medication to identify children. We used sibling‐matched (conditional) Cox regression to control social and genetic confounding.ResultsUsing conventional cohort analyses, we found the expected association between pregnancy smoking and offspring ADHD (adjusted HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.94–2.07). In the sibling analysis, however, we did not detect such a strong association (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94–1.22). There was no difference between results for half‐ and full sibling analyses. The link between pregnancy smoking and low birth weight remained robust in the sibling design (adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.33–2.12).ConclusionsWe found no support for prenatal smoking as a strong causal factor in ADHD. Our findings suggest that the strong association found in most previous epidemiological studies is likely to be due to a strong link between maternal smoking and maternal ADHD genetics or shared family environment. Pregnant women should still be encouraged to stop smoking because of other risks, but we have no reason to believe that this would reduce the risk of ADHD in the offspring.
Parasitism, host feeding and immature development of Encarsia formosa reared from Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci on Trialeurodes ricini
Authors: Wang X.‐S. , Chen Q.‐Z. , Zhang S.‐Z. , Liu T.‐X. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEncarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a thelytokous parasitoid, is an important biological control agent of whiteflies because of its outstanding reproduction and host‐feeding ability. In this study, we evaluated the parasitism, host feeding and developmental time of E. formosa populations reared on Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (EFT) or on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (EFB) when different nymphal instars of the castor whitefly, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra), were offered as hosts, with an aim to understand the preference of the parasitoid on nymphal instars of T. ricini. Experiments were conducted on castor bean plants at 26 ± 2°C, 50–60% RH and 16 : 8 (L : D) photoperiod. The results showed that E. formosa successfully oviposited and fed on all nymphal instars of T. ricini. However, numbers of the first instars fed on by the E. formosa populations reared on T. vaporariorum (EFT) and B. tabaci (EFB) were significantly greater (45.9 and 31.3, respectively) than those of the second (EFT: 30.4 and EFB: 15.8), the third (EFT: 22.4 and EFB: 13.2) and the fourth nymphal instars (EFT: 6.0 and EFB: 3.8). The number of T. ricini nymphs parasitized by E. formosa varied significantly among different instars, and the parasitism rates on the first instar (EFT: 15.2; EFB: 7.7) and fourth instar (EFT: 19.3; EFB: 4.9) were greater than those on the second and third instars. Encarsia formosa reared on T. vaporariorum had a significantly higher host feeding and ovipositing potential on T. ricini than EFB. When parasitizing the fourth instar nymphs, E. formosa completed development in a significantly shorter time (12.9 day) than when ovipositing in other instars (17.8–19.1 day). These results showed that EFT had a better host adaption than EFB. The information from this study should be useful for us to better understand the performance and nymphal preference of E. formosa from T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci when they parasitized and fed on T. ricini, and the interactions of parasitoids with different host whitefly species.
The anterior process of the malleus in Cetartiodactyla
Authors: Maier Wolfgang , Ruf Irina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe anterior fixation of the anterior process of the malleus has been studied in a number of Cetartiodactyla. This anterior process, also known as processus gracilis, is provided by the prearticular (gonial), a dermal bone, whereas the cartilage of Meckel becomes resorbed in perinatal ontogenetic stages. Posteriorly, the prearticular fuses with the cartilaginous caput of the malleus; rostrally, the prearticular (= processus gracilis) is always fixed to the anterior crus of the ectotympanic by an extremely thin splint (thickness < 50 μm). From the rostral part of the processus gracilis all studied cetartiodactyls develop a processus internus of considerable size. This process was known as ‘ossiculum accessorium mallei’ in former times, and its homology has been disputed; from our microscopic‐anatomical study we can definitely state that it is always a ‘processus internus praearticularis’. This process contacts the fascia of the tensor tympani muscle. In non‐ruminants, it articulates dorsally with the tegmen tympani and dorsolaterally with the ectotympanic; whereas the processus gracilis becomes more and more slender, the processus internus may grow to considerable size and normally is fused to the adjacent bones already in juveniles. However, in ruminants, the tegmen tympani tends to disappear and the processus internus praearticularis appears as relatively small bony knob at the floor of the medial cranial cavity, and it seems not to be fused to the surrounding bones; in later age stages, it may become secondarily overgrown by the petrosal. This dorsally exposed processus internus praearticularis seems to be a synapomorphy of the Ruminantia. The functional meaning of this internal process of the prearticular, which is also developed to a minor degree in Carnivora, remains unclear at the moment – but we present some speculations about this.
Inhomogeneity of collagen organization within the fibrotic scar after myocardial infarction: results in a swine model and in human samples
Authors: Hervas Arantxa , Ruiz‐Sauri Amparo , de Dios Elena , Forteza Maria Jose , Minana Gema , Nunez Julio , Gomez Cristina , Bonanad Clara , Perez‐Sole Nerea , Gavara Jose , Chorro Francisco Javier , Bodi Vicente 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe aimed to characterize the organization of collagen within a fibrotic scar in swine and human samples from patients with chronic infarctions. Swine were subjected to occlusion of the left anterior descending artery followed by reperfusion 1 week (acute myocardial infarction group) or 1 month (chronic myocardial infarction group) after infarction. The organization of the collagen fibers (Fast Fourier Transform of samples after picrosirius staining; higher values indicate more disorganization) was studied in 100 swine and 95 human samples. No differences in collagen organization were found between the acute and chronic groups in the core area of the scar in the experimental model. In the chronic group, the endocardium [0.90 (0.84–0.94); median (interquartile range)], epicardium [0.84 (0.79–0.91)] and peripheral area [0.73 (0.63–0.83)] displayed a much more disorganized pattern than the core area of the fibrotic scar [0.56 (0.45–0.64)]. Similarly, in human samples, the collagen fibers were more disorganized in all of the outer areas than in the core of the fibrotic scar (P < 0.0001). Both in a highly controlled experimental model and in patient samples, collagen fibers exhibited an organized pattern in the core of the infarction, whereas the outer areas displayed a high level of inhomogeneity. This finding contributes pathophysiological information regarding the healing process and may lead to a clearer understanding of the genesis and invasive treatment of arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction.
Quantitative imaging of tissue sections using infrared scanning technology
Authors: Eaton Samantha L. , Cumyn Elizabeth , King Declan , Kline Rachel A. , Carpanini Sarah M. , Del‐Pozo Jorge , Barron Rona , Wishart Thomas M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractQuantification of immunohistochemically (IHC) labelled tissue sections typically yields semi‐quantitative results. Visualising infrared (IR) ‘tags’, with an appropriate scanner, provides an alternative system where the linear nature of the IR fluorophore emittance enables realistic quantitative fluorescence IHC (QFIHC). Importantly, this new technology enables entire tissue sections to be scanned, allowing accurate area and protein abundance measurements to be calculated from rapidly acquired images. Here, some of the potential benefits of using IR‐based tissue imaging are examined, and the following are demonstrated. Firstly, image capture and analysis using IR‐based scanning technology yields comparable area‐based quantification to those obtained from a modern high‐resolution digital slide scanner. Secondly, IR‐based dual target visualisation and expression‐based quantification is rapid and simple. Thirdly, IR‐based relative protein abundance QIHC measurements are an accurate reflection of tissue sample protein abundance, as demonstrated by comparison with quantitative fluorescent Western blotting data. In summary, it is proposed that IR‐based QFIHC provides an alternative method of rapid whole‐tissue section low‐resolution imaging for the production of reliable and accurate quantitative data.
Nurses’ attitude and intention of medication administration error reporting
Authors: Hung Chang‐Chiao , Chu Tsui‐Ping , Lee Bih‐O , Hsiao Chia‐Chi 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesThe Aims of this study were to explore the effects of nurses’ attitudes and intentions regarding medication administration error reporting on actual reporting behaviours.BackgroundUnderreporting of medication errors is still a common occurrence. Whether attitude and intention towards medication administration error reporting connect to actual reporting behaviours remain unclear.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional design with self‐administered questionnaires, and the theory of planned behaviour was used as the framework for this study.MethodsA total of 596 staff nurses who worked in general wards and intensive care units in a hospital were invited to participate in this study. The researchers used the instruments measuring nurses’ attitude, nurse managers’ and co‐workers’ attitude, report control, and nurses’ intention to predict nurses’ actual reporting behaviours. Data were collected from September–November 2013. Path analyses were used to examine the hypothesized model.ResultsOf the 596 nurses invited to participate, 548 (92%) completed and returned a valid questionnaire. The findings indicated that nurse managers’ and co‐workers’ attitudes are predictors for nurses’ attitudes towards medication administration error reporting. Nurses’ attitudes also influenced their intention to report medication administration errors; however, no connection was found between intention and actual reporting behaviour.ConclusionsThe findings reflected links among colleague perspectives, nurses’ attitudes, and intention to report medication administration errors. The researchers suggest that hospitals should increase nurses’ awareness and recognition of error occurrence.Relevance to clinical practiceRegardless of nurse managers’ and co‐workers’ attitudes towards medication administration error reporting, nurses are likely to report medication administration errors if they detect them. Management of medication administration errors should focus on increasing nurses’ awareness and recognition of error occurrence.
Reduced healthcare utilization following successful hepatitis C virus treatment in HIV‐co‐infected patients with mild liver disease
Authors: Padam P. , Clark S. , Irving W. , Gellissen R. , Thomson E. , Main J. , Cooke G. S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryNew direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have achieved high cure rates in many patient groups previously considered difficult‐to‐treat, including those HIV/HCV co‐infected. The high price of these medications is likely to limit access to treatment, at least in the short term. Early treatment priority is likely to be given to those with advanced disease, but a more detailed understanding of the potential benefits in treating those with mild disease is needed. We hypothesized that successful HCV treatment within a co‐infected population with mild liver disease would lead to a reduction in the use and costs of healthcare services in the 5 years following treatment completion. We performed a retrospective cohort study of HIV/HCV‐co‐infected patients without evidence of fibrosis/cirrhosis who received a course of HCV therapy between 2004 and 2013. Detailed analysis of healthcare utilization up to 5 years following treatment for each patient using clinical and electronic records was used to estimate healthcare costs. Sixty‐three patients were investigated, of whom 48 of 63 (76.2%) achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks following completion of therapy (SVR12). Individuals achieving SVR12 incurred lower health utilization costs (£5000 per‐patient) compared to (£10 775 per‐patient) non‐SVR patients in the 5 years after treatment. Healthcare utilization rates and costs in the immediate 5 years following treatment were significantly higher in co‐infected patients with mild disease that failed to achieve SVR12. These data suggest additional value to achieving cure beyond the prevention of complications of disease.
Multiple estimates of effective population size for monitoring a long‐lived vertebrate: an application to Yellowstone grizzly bears
Authors: Kamath Pauline L. , Haroldson Mark A. , Luikart Gordon , Paetkau David , Whitman Craig , van Manen Frank T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEffective population size (Ne) is a key parameter for monitoring the genetic health of threatened populations because it reflects a population's evolutionary potential and risk of extinction due to genetic stochasticity. However, its application to wildlife monitoring has been limited because it is difficult to measure in natural populations. The isolated and well‐studied population of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem provides a rare opportunity to examine the usefulness of different Ne estimators for monitoring. We genotyped 729 Yellowstone grizzly bears using 20 microsatellites and applied three single‐sample estimators to examine contemporary trends in generation interval (GI), effective number of breeders (Nb) and Ne during 1982–2007. We also used multisample methods to estimate variance (NeV) and inbreeding Ne (NeI). Single‐sample estimates revealed positive trajectories, with over a fourfold increase in Ne (≈100 to 450) and near doubling of the GI (≈8 to 14) from the 1980s to 2000s. NeV (240–319) and NeI (256) were comparable with the harmonic mean single‐sample Ne (213) over the time period. Reanalysing historical data, we found NeV increased from ≈80 in the 1910s–1960s to ≈280 in the contemporary population. The estimated ratio of effective to total census size (Ne/Nc) was stable and high (0.42–0.66) compared to previous brown bear studies. These results support independent demographic evidence for Yellowstone grizzly bear population growth since the 1980s. They further demonstrate how genetic monitoring of Ne can complement demographic‐based monitoring of Nc and vital rates, providing a valuable tool for wildlife managers.
Solicited kidney donors: Are they coerced?
Authors: Serur David , Bretzlaff Gretchen , Christos Paul , Desrosiers Farrah , Charlton Marian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMost non‐directed donors (NDDs) decide to donate on their own and contact the transplant centre directly. Some NDDs decide to donate in response to community solicitation such as newspaper ads or donor drives. We wished to explore whether subtle coercion might be occurring in such NDDs who are part of a larger community. One successful organization in a community in Brooklyn, NY, provides about 50 NDDs per year for recipients within that community. The donors answer ads in local papers and attend donor drives. Herein, we evaluated the physical and emotional outcomes of community‐solicited NDDs in comparison to traditional NDDs who come from varied communities and are not responding to a specific call for donation. An assessment of coercion was used as well.