bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older people's perspectives on participation in physical activity: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Franco Marcia R , Tong Allison , Howard Kirsten , Sherrington Catherine , Ferreira Paulo H , Pinto Rafael Z , Ferreira Manuela L 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPhysical inactivity accounts for 9% of all deaths worldwide and is among the top 10 risk factors for global disease burden. Nearly half of people aged over 60 years are inactive. Efforts to identify which factors influence physical activity behaviour are needed.ObjectiveTo identify and synthesise the range of barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation.MethodsSystematic review of qualitative studies on the perspectives of physical activity among people aged 60 years and over. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and AMED were searched. Independent raters assessed comprehensiveness of reporting of included studies. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFrom 132 studies involving 5987 participants, we identified six major themes: social influences (valuing interaction with peers, social awkwardness, encouragement from others, dependence on professional instruction); physical limitations (pain or discomfort, concerns about falling, comorbidities); competing priorities; access difficulties (environmental barriers, affordability); personal benefits of physical activity (strength, balance and flexibility, self-confidence, independence, improved health and mental well-being); and motivation and beliefs (apathy, irrelevance and inefficacy, maintaining habits).ConclusionsSome older people still believe that physical activity is unnecessary or even potentially harmful. Others recognise the benefits of physical activity, but report a range of barriers to physical activity participation. Strategies to enhance physical activity participation among older people should include (1) raising awareness of the benefits and minimise the perceived risks of physical activity and (2) improving the environmental and financial access to physical activity opportunities.
Use and evaluation of a semi-permeable mesh implant in vertebral augmentation for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Ortiz A Orlando 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a semi-permeable mesh implant in the treatment of painful thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.MethodsPatients with painful thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures which were refractory to conventional medical management and less than 3 months of age were considered possible candidates for this vertebral augmentation technique. Data recorded for the procedure included patient age, gender, fracture level and morphology, mesh implant size, amount of cement injected, cement extravasation, complications, and pre- and post-procedure numeric pain scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores.Results17 patients were included in this retrospective study; 12 women and 5 men, with an average age of 78.6 years. Each patient had one level treated with the mesh implant; 4 thoracic levels and 13 lumbar levels. The 10×15 mm implant was used in 13 treated vertebrae, including the two thoracic vertebrae; the 10×20 mm implant was used to treat 3 lumbar vertebrae, and one 10×25 mm implant was used to treat an L1 vertebra. An average of 2.4 mL of acrylic bone cement was injected, and there was fluoroscopic evidence of a small amount of cement leakage in one case. No patient related complications were seen and there were no device failures. All patients, followed-up to at least 3 weeks, showed significant pain relief. The average pretreatment numeric pain score of 9 and ODI of 50 decreased to an average post-treatment score of 0.6 and 12, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsVertebral augmentation with a semi-permeable mesh stent implant can be used to effectively and safely treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures within the lower thoracic and lumbar spine.
Garlic and Onions: Their Cancer Prevention Properties
Authors: Nicastro Holly L. , Ross Sharon A. , Milner John A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The Allium genus includes garlic, onions, shallots, leeks, and chives. These vegetables are popular in cuisines worldwide and are valued for their potential medicinal properties. Epidemiologic studies, while limited in their abilities to assess Allium consumption, indicate some associations of Allium vegetable consumption with decreased risk of cancer, particularly cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Limited intervention studies have been conducted to support these associations. The majority of supportive evidence on Allium vegetables cancer-preventive effects comes from mechanistic studies. These studies highlight potential mechanisms of individual sulfur-containing compounds and of various preparations and extracts of these vegetables, including decreased bioactivation of carcinogens, antimicrobial activities, and redox modification. Allium vegetables and their components have effects at each stage of carcinogenesis and affect many biologic processes that modify cancer risk. This review discusses the cancer-preventive effects of Allium vegetables, particularly garlic and onions, and their bioactive sulfur compounds and highlights research gaps. Cancer Prev Res; 8(3); 181–9. ©2015 AACR.
Age-Specific Performance of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index for Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Elective Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Andersson Charlotte , Wissenberg Mads , Jørgensen Mads Emil , Hlatky Mark A. , Mérie Charlotte , Jensen Per Føge , Gislason Gunnar H. , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: January 2015

Background—
The revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) holds a central role in preoperative cardiac risk stratification in noncardiac surgery. Its performance in unselected populations, including different age groups, has, however, not been systematically investigated. We assessed the relationship of RCRI with major adverse cardiovascular events in an unselected cohort of patients undergoing elective, noncardiac surgery overall and in different age groups.

Methods and Results—
We followed up all individuals ≥25 years who underwent major elective noncardiac surgery in Denmark (January 1, 2005, to November 30, 2011) for the 30-day risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death). There were 742 of 357 396 (0.2%), 755 of 74 889 (1.0%), 521 of 11 921 (4%), and 257 of 3146 (8%) major adverse cardiovascular events occurring in RCRI classes I, II, III, and IV. Multivariable odds ratio estimates were as follows: ischemic heart disease 3.30 (95% confidence interval, 2.96–3.69), high-risk surgery 2.70 (2.46–2.96), congestive heart failure 2.65 (2.29–3.06), cerebrovascular disease 10.02 (9.08–11.05), insulin therapy 1.62 (1.37–1.93), and kidney disease 1.45 (1.33–1.59). Modeling RCRI classes as a continuous variable, C statistic was highest among age group 56 to 65 years (0.772) and lowest for those aged >85 years (0.683). Sensitivity of RCRI class >I (ie, having ≥1 risk factor) for capturing major adverse cardiovascular events was 59%, 71%, 64%, 66%, and 67% in patients aged ≤55, 56 to 65, 66 to 75, 76 to 85, and >85 years, respectively; the negative predictive values were >98% across all age groups.

Conclusions—
In a nationwide unselected cohort, the performance of the RCRI was similar to that of the original cohort. Having ≥1 risk factor was of moderate sensitivity, but high negative predictive value for all ages.
Pediatric Cochlear Implantation in Residual Hearing Candidates
Authors: Gratacap Maxime , Thierry Briac , Rouillon Isabelle , Marlin Sandrine , Garabedian Noel , Loundon Natalie 
Published: January 2015

Objectives: To propose categories for the various types of residual hearing in children and to review the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in children with these different hearing conditions. Methods: We identified 53 children with residual hearing who had received a cochlear implant. Five groups were arbitrarily defined based on auditory features: G1, characterized by low-frequency residual hearing (n = 5); G2, characterized by severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and low speech discrimination (n = 12); G3, characterized by asymmetric SNHL (n = 9); G4, characterized by progressive SNHL (n = 15); and G5, characterized by fluctuating SNHL (n = 12). The main audiometric features and outcomes of the groups were analyzed. Results: The mean age at implantation was 10.15 years (range, 2.5-21 years). The mean preoperative score for the discrimination of open-set words was 48%; this score increased to 74% at 12 months and 81% at 24 months after the CI procedure (G1 to G5, respectively: 79/62/77%, 50/81/88%, 59/75/86%, 35/74/67%, and 39/69/80%). Children who were implanted after 10 years of age did not improve as much as those who were implanted at a younger age (open-set word list speech perception [OSW] score at 12 months: 62% vs 83%; P = .0009). Shorter delays before surgery were predictive of better performance ( P = .003). Inner ear malformation and SLC26A4 mutations were not predictive of the outcome. Conclusions: CIs provide better results compared with hearing aids in children with residual hearing. Factors that may impact the benefits of CIs in patients with residual hearing are age, delay in performing the CI procedure, which ear is implanted, and initial underestimation of the patient’s hearing difficulties.
Reliability of the Penetration Aspiration Scale With Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
Authors: Butler Susan G. , Markley Lisa , Sanders Brian , Stuart Andrew 
Published: January 2015

Objectives: The Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS), although designed for videofluoroscopy, has been utilized with flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in both research and clinical practice. The purpose of this investigation was to determine inter- and intrarater reliability of the PAS with FEES as a function of clinician FEES experience and retest interval. Methods: Three groups of 3 clinicians (N = 9) with varying FEES experience (beginning, intermediate, and advanced) assigned PAS scores to 35 swallows. Initial ratings were repeated following short-term (ie, 1 day) and long-term (ie, 1 week) retest intervals. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess interrater reliability on the first rating for each group. The coefficients were .91, .82, and .89 for the beginning, intermediate, and advanced clinicians, respectively. Overall interrater reliability across all 9 clinicians, irrespective of experience, was .85. Intraclass correlation coefficients were also calculated to assess intrarater reliability. The intrarater reliability for short- and long-term ratings was .90, .94, and .96 and .96, .97, and .94 for the beginning, intermediate, and advanced clinicians, respectively. Overall intrarater reliability across all 9 clinicians and all 3 ratings was .94. Conclusions: Excellent inter- and intrarater reliability was evidenced with the application of the PAS for FEES regardless of clinician experience and retest interval.
Plasma capric acid concentrations in healthy subjects determined by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Shrestha Rojeet , Hui Shu-Ping , Imai Hiromitsu , Hashimoto Satoru , Uemura Naoto , Takeda Seiji , Fuda Hirotoshi , Suzuki Akira , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Hirano Ken-ichi , Chiba Hitoshi 
Published: January 2015

Background Capric acid (FA10:0, decanoic acid) is a medium-chain fatty acid abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil, whereas small amounts are present in milk of goat, cow, and human. Orally ingested FA10:0 is transported to the liver and quickly burnt within it. Only few reports are available for FA10:0 concentrations in human plasma. Methods Fasting (n = 5, male/female = 3/2, age 31 ± 9.3 years old) and non-fasting (n = 106, male/female = 44/62, age 21.9 ± 3.2 years old) blood samples were collected from apparently healthy Japanese volunteers. The total FA10:0 in the plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine followed by UV detection. Results Inter and intra-assay coefficient of variation of FA10:0 assay at three different concentrations ranged in 1.7–3.9 and 1.3–5.4%, respectively, with an analytical recovery of 95.2–104.0%. FA10:0 concentration was below detection limit (0.1  µmol/L) in each fasting human plasma. FA10:0 was not detected in 50 (47.2%) of 106 non-fasting blood samples, while 29 (27.4%) plasma samples contained FA10:0 less than or equal to 0.5 µmol/L (0.4 ± 0.1), and 27 (25.5%) contained it at more than 0.5  µmol/L (0.9 ± 0.3). Conclusion A half of the non-fasting plasma samples contained detectable FA10:0. This simple, precise, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography method might be useful for monitoring plasma FA10:0 during medium-chain triglycerides therapy.
The impact of premorbid adjustment, neurocognition, and depression on social and role functioning in patients in an early psychosis treatment program
Authors: Minor Kyle S , Friedman-Yakoobian Michelle , Leung Y Jude , Meyer Eric C , Zimmet Suzanna V , Caplan Brina , Monteleone Thomas , Bryant Caitlin , Guyer Margaret , Keshavan Matcheri S , Seidman Larry J 
Published: January 2015

Objective: Functional impairments are debilitating concomitants of psychotic disorders and are present early in the illness course and, commonly, prior to psychosis onset. The factors affecting social and role functioning in early psychosis (EP) following treatment are unclear. We evaluated whether six months of participation in the PREPR, Boston, EP treatment program, part of a public-academic community mental health center, was related to improvements in social and role functioning and whether premorbid adjustment in adolescence, baseline neurocognition, and depression symptoms predicted functional improvement. Method: The Global Functioning Social and Role scales, MATRICS neurocognitive battery, and Calgary Depression Scale were assessed at baseline and six months during naturalistic treatment, while premorbid adjustment was measured at baseline. All participants were psychotic disorder patients in PREPR ( n = 46 with social functioning and 47 with role functioning measures at both time points). Results: Large improvements were observed in role functioning ( d = 0.84) and medium to large improvements were observed in social functioning ( d = 0.70). Models consisting of adolescent premorbid adjustment and change in depression symptoms predicted social and role functioning change, whereas neuropsychological functioning did not. Conclusions: Substantial improvements in social and role functioning were observed among this sample participating in a recovery-based EP program. The impact of clinical factors on social and role functioning was highlighted. Further studies of premorbid adjustment in adolescence and the treatment of depression in EP programs in controlled treatment trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Comparison of experimentally-induced wounds in rabbits treated with different sources of platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Barrionuevo D V , Laposy C B , Abegão K G B , Nogueira R M B , Nai G A , Bracale B N , Delfim I G 
Published: January 2015

Over the years, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to great advantage in the healing of acute and chronic wounds. However, it is impossible to use in some situations so alternative PRPs need to be considered, such as homologous or heterologous PRPs. In order to evaluate the effects of PRP in the form of autologous, heterologous and homologous gels on in vivo cutaneous wound healing, 18 animals divided into three groups of six, were used for the study, with another six animals used as PRP donors. For the heterologous group an adult, mixed breed dog was used to obtain the PRP. The wounds were induced using an 8 mm punch. The left side was treated with NaCl 0.9%® (A) and a PRP gel was applied (GA = autologous; GHE = heterologous and GHO = homologous) on the right side (B). The wounds were evaluated for a period of 17 days. On the 17th day biopsies were taken for histopathological assessment of the wounds. The percentage of contraction was evident in side B (treated), which was confirmed in the microscopic analysis of the histological sections. Thus, it was concluded that PRP, regardless of the source, improves and accelerates the healing process, demonstrating its therapeutic potential on cutaneous lesions and its use in patients with impaired wound healing.
Migration, Development and US Labor Markets: The Mexican-US Case
Authors: Martin Philip , Garcia y Griego Manuel 
Published: January 2015

This paper explores economic and technological changes and the evolution of labor markets in sending and receiving countries, with an emphasis on developments in a major emigration country, Mexico, and the impacts of migrants from Mexico and Latin America on the labor markets of Canada and the US. There are four major conclusions. Firstly, while immigrant workers are important in many industries, occupations, and areas, no major US industry or occupation is dependent on foreign-born or Mexican-born workers. Secondly, Mexican-born workers tend to be near the low end, often filling jobs that would be eliminated or modified by technology if wages rose. Thirdly, the short- and long-run effects of trade and investment on migration may be very different, producing a migration hump in the short-term that may increase migration flows before they decline. Finally, current demographic changes in Mexico's labor market can lead to a near-term decline in the volume of unauthorized migration to the United States even if emigration probabilities continue to rise moderately. Mexico, the US, and Canada are on the path toward closer economic integration that could soon reduce permanent or settler migration, even as temporary or sojourner migration increases for business and other purposes. The reduction in emigration pressure in Mexico may be noticeable sooner than is commonly realized for demographic and economic reasons. The policy challenge is to do no harm, to avoid policies that produce unintended negative consequences or that prolong Mexican-US unauthorized migration during the transition.
The Human Rights of Migrant Workers: Agenda for NGOs
Authors: Battistella Graziano 
Published: January 2015

The International Conference on the Human Rights of Migrant Workers: Agenda for NGOs, organized by the Scalabrini Migration Center in cooperation with the International Labour Organisation, the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Missio, took place in Manila on 19–20 November 1992. More than 30 speakers from Asian countries, the U.S. and Europe contributed to the program attended by approximately 100 representatives of nongovernmental organizations involved with the assistance and protection of overseas contract workers.
Homeland — Diaspora Relations: From Passive to Active Interactions
Authors: Skrbiš Zlatko 
Published: January 2015

This paper examines a range of interactions which takes place between diasporas and homelands, focusing particularly on nationalism and politics. In the age of globalization such interactive processes can easily be (and often are) taken for granted. Despite this taken-for-grantedness, the author argues that these processes produce less than uniform impacts and should therefore not be referred to uncritically. It is essential to understand the shifting dynamics in transnational interaction, particularly in the field of diaspora research. To elaborate on this point, the paper analyzes post-Second World War interactive processes between the Australian Croatian diaspora and the Croatian homeland. It will be shown that construction of the homeland by the members of the diaspora is an ongoing process closely related to a variety of social and political factors surrounding homeland developments. In addition, this paper explores how migrants' sentiments towards their homeland shape their social identities.
Rotational thromboelastometry in prediction of bleeding after cardiac surgery
Authors: Ghavidel Alireza Alizadeh , Toutounchi Zia , Shahandashti Farshad Jalili , Mirmesdagh Yalda 
Published: January 2015

Background Reexploration and its associated complications significantly affect hospital mortality and morbidity. Therefore, to prevent postoperative bleeding and its related complications, using an appropriate modality is essential during cardiac surgery. Methods Four hundred patients (296 males and 104 females, mean age 60.8 ± 9 years) scheduled for first-time coronary artery bypass graft surgery were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were obtained for ROTEM testing before surgery and 30 min after heparin reversal. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 was patients with no abnormal postoperative bleeding and group 2 was patients who required reexploration for abnormal postoperative bleeding. Group 2 patients were divided into 2 subgroups: 2a was patients with surgical bleeding and group 2b was patients with nonsurgical bleeding. Variables were compared between groups. Results Among the 400 patients, 42 were reexplored. Hospital stay was significantly longer and hospital deaths more frequent in group 2 patients ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.010, respectively). Ten (2.8%) patients had abnormal preoperative results of ROTEM in group 1 compared to 14 (33.3%) in group 2 ( p < 0.001). After surgery, the number of patients with abnormal ROTEM results was significantly different between the 2 groups: 6 (1.7%) in group 1 vs. 14 (33.3%) in group 2 ( p < 0.001). Four (12.5%) patients in group 2a had abnormal preoperative ROTEM results compared to 10 (100%) in group 2a ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Measuring coagulation factors by ROTEM both before surgery and after heparin reversal can identify patients at increased risk of postoperative bleeding.
Saphenous nerve injury after endovenous laser ablation of incompetent greater saphenous vein: An electroneuromyography study
Authors: Yilmaz S , Delikan O , Aksoy E 
Published: January 2015

Aim To determine whether endovenous laser ablation of incompetent greater saphenous vein causes a detectable impairment in saphenous nerve conduction. Material and methods Thirty-five patients (mean age: 44.78 ± 8.6, male/female ratio: 16/19) who were operated on for incompetent greater saphenous veins, underwent electroneuromyography before and two weeks after the operation. Dysesthesia was questioned as to whether having unpleasant abnormal sensation after the operation. Positive electroneuromyography findings for saphenous nerve injury included a sensory nerve action potential amplitude <2 µV or a nerve conduction velocity <48.0 m/s or a latency onset >5.0 ms. Results Thirty-four patients were available at two-week follow-up. All patients achieved complete proximal closure. Three patients (8.8%) had dysesthesia at two weeks. Mean electroneuromyography values were not significantly different between preoperative and postoperative period. Postoperatively, none of the patients had abnormal sensory nerve action potential or latency onset, whereas nerve conduction velocity decreased below the lower limit in two patients. These two patients were not among those having dysesthesia and they had no other complaints. Conclusion Injury to saphenous nerve seems not likely during endovenous laser ablation of incompetent greater saphenous veins, as evidenced by normal electroneuromyography values found after the operation.