bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and temporal variation of mega‐fauna at the Regab pockmark (Northern Congo Fan), based on a comparison of videomosaics and geographic information systems analyses
Authors: Marcon Yann , Sahling Heiko , Allais Anne‐Gaëlle , Bohrmann Gerhard , Olu Karine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Regab pockmark is a large cold seep area located 10 km north of the Congo deep sea channel at about 3160 m water depth. The associated ecosystem hosts abundant fauna, dominated by chemosynthetic species such as the mussel Bathymodiolus aff. boomerang, vestimentiferan tubeworm Escarpia southwardae, and vesicomyid clams Laubiericoncha chuni and Christineconcha regab. The pockmark was visited during the West African Cold Seeps (WACS) cruise with RV Pourquoi Pas? in February 2011, and a 14,000‐m2 high‐resolution videomosaic was constructed to map the most populated area and to describe the distribution of the dominant megafauna (mussels, tubeworms and clams). The results are compared with previous published works, which also included a videomosaic in the same area of the pockmark, based on images of the BIOZAIRE cruise in 2001. The 10‐year variation of the faunal distribution is described and reveals that the visible abundance and distribution of the dominant megafaunal populations at Regab have not changed significantly, suggesting that the overall methane and sulfide fluxes that reach the faunal communities have been stable. Nevertheless, small and localized distribution changes in the clam community indicate that it is exposed to more transient fluxes than the other communities. Observations suggest that the main megafaunal aggregations at Regab are distributed around focused zones of high flux of methane‐enriched fluids likely related to distinct smaller pockmark structures that compose the larger Regab pockmark. Although most results are consistent with the existing successional models for seep communities, some observations in the distribution of the Regab mussel population do not entirely fit into these models. This is likely due to the high heterogeneity of this site formed by the coalescence of several pockmarks. We hypothesize that the mussel distribution at Regab could also be controlled by the occurrence of zones of both intense methane fluxes and reduced efficiency of the anaerobic oxidation of methane possibly limiting tubeworm colonization.
Characterization of a population of neural progenitor cells in the infant hippocampus
Authors: Paine Simon M. L. , Willsher Alex R. , Nicholson Sarah L. , Sebire Neil J. , Jacques Thomas S. 
Published: June 2013

AimsAbnormalities of the hippocampus are associated with a range of diseases in children, including epilepsy and sudden death. A population of rod cells in part of the hippocampus, the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus, has long been recognized in infants. Previous work suggested that these cells were microglia and that their presence was associated with chronic illness and sudden infant death syndrome. Prompted by the observations that a sensitive immunohistochemical marker of microglia used in diagnostic practice does not typically stain these cells and that the hippocampus is a site of postnatal neurogenesis, we hypothesized that this transient population of cells were not microglia but neural progenitors.MethodsUsing archived post mortem tissue, we applied a broad panel of antibodies to establish the immunophenotype of these cells in 40 infants dying suddenly of causes that were either explained or remained unexplained, following post mortem investigation.ResultsThe rod cells were consistently negative for the microglial markers CD45, CD68 and HLA‐DR. The cells were positive, in varying proportions, for the neural progenitor marker, doublecortin, the neural stem cell marker, nestin and the neural marker, TUJ1.ConclusionsThese data support our hypothesis that the rod cells of the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus in the infant hippocampus are not microglia but a population of neural progenitors. These findings advance our understanding of postnatal neurogenesis in the human hippocampus in health and disease and are of diagnostic importance, allowing reactive microglia to be distinguished from the normal population of neural progenitors.
Ontogenetic shifts in plant interactions vary with environmental severity and affect population structure
Authors: le Roux Peter C. , Shaw Justine D. , Chown Steven L. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Environmental conditions and plant size may both alter the outcome of inter‐specific plant–plant interactions, with seedlings generally facilitated more strongly than larger individuals in stressful habitats. However, the combined impact of plant size and environmental severity on interactions is poorly understood.

Here, we tested explicitly for the first time the hypothesis that ontogenetic shifts in interactions are delayed under increasingly severe conditions by examining the interaction between a grass, Agrostis magellanica, and a cushion plant, Azorella selago, along two severity gradients.

The impact of A. selago on A. magellanica abundance, but not reproductive effort, was related to A. magellanica size, with a trend for delayed shifts towards more negative interactions under greater environmental severity. Intermediate‐sized individuals were most strongly facilitated, leading to differences in the size‐class distribution of A. magellanica on the soil and on A. selago. The A. magellanica size‐class distribution was more strongly affected by A. selago than by environmental severity, demonstrating that the plant–plant interaction impacts A. magellanica population structure more strongly than habitat conditions.

As ontogenetic shifts in plant–plant interactions cannot be assumed to be constant across severity gradients and may impact species population structure, studies examining the outcome of interactions need to consider the potential for size‐ or age‐related variation in competition and facilitation.
Differential Lead Component Pulling as a Possible Mechanism of Inside‐Out Abrasion and Conductor Cable Externalization
Authors: LAU ERNEST W. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundConductor cable externalization with protrusion (CCE*) is highly prevalent among the Riata 8F and ST 7F defibrillation (DF) leads and infrequently present in the QuickSite and the QuickFlex coronary sinus (CS) leads (St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA, USA). A model for CCE* based on differential lead component pulling and conjugate extension with reciprocal compression‐bending was developed. Extension of a proximal lead body segment by pectoral or cardiac movements causes reciprocal compression‐bending of a distal lead body segment mediated by inextensible conductor cables running down a lead body fixed at various points by fibrous adhesions. The “sawing” action of these cables under tension causes inside‐out abrasion of insulation leading to CCE*.MethodsDF leads from different manufacturers and the QuickFlex and QuickFlex μ CS leads were subjected to simulated differential pulling.ResultsRestitution from differential pulling followed three patterns: complete, partial without escalation, and incomplete with escalation. Only the last pattern (only shown by the Riata 8F and ST 7F leads) was associated with an increased risk to CCE*. For CS leads, deformation concentrated on the more flexible segment when the lead body did not have a uniform construction.ConclusionsThe Durata, Riata ST Optim, QuickFlex μ, and Quartet leads should be relatively immune to CCE*. The Durata leads are extremely resistant to longitudinal deformation and probably cause mediastinal displacement rather than differential pulling in response to pectoral movements in vivo. Implantation techniques and lead designs can be used to minimize the risk of CCE*. A bench test for CCE* can be constructed.
Replication proteinAsubunit 3 and the iron efficiency response in soybean
Authors: ATWOOD SARAH E. , O'ROURKE JAMIE A. , PEIFFER GREGORY A. , YIN TENGFEI , MAJUMDER MAHBUBUL , ZHANG CHUNQUAN , CIANZIO SILVIA R. , HILL JOHN H. , COOK DIANNE , WHITHAM STEVEN A. , SHOEMAKER RANDY C. , GRAHAM MICHELLE A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn soybean [Glycine max(L.)Merr.], iron deficiency results in interveinal chlorosis and decreased photosynthetic capacity, leading to stunting and yield loss. In this study, gene expression analyses investigated the role of soybean replication proteinA(RPA) subunits during iron stress. NineRPAhomologs were significantly differentially expressed in response to iron stress in the near isogenic lines (NILs)Clark (iron efficient) andIsoclark (iron inefficient).RPAhomologs exhibited opposing expression patterns in the twoNILs, withRPAexpression significantly repressed during iron deficiency inClark but induced inIsoclark. We used virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to repressGmRPA3expression in the iron inefficient lineIsoclark and mirror expression inClark.GmRPA3‐silenced plants had improvedIDCsymptoms and chlorophyll content under iron deficient conditions and also displayed stunted growth regardless of iron availability.RNA‐Seq comparing gene expression betweenGmRPA3‐silenced and empty vector plants revealed massive transcriptional reprogramming with differential expression of genes associated with defense, immunity, aging, death, protein modification, protein synthesis, photosynthesis and iron uptake and transport genes. Our findings suggest the iron efficient genotypeClark is able to induce energy controlling pathways, possibly regulated bySnRK1/TOR, to promote nutrient recycling and stress responses in iron deficient conditions.
Moral Testimony
Authors: Hills Alison 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTestimony is an important source of our knowledge about the world. But to some, there seems something odd, perhaps even wrong, about trusting testimony about specifically moral matters. In this paper, I discuss several different explanations of what might be wrong with trusting moral testimony. These include the possibility that there is no moral knowledge; that moral knowledge cannot be transmitted by moral testimony; that there are reasons not to trust moral testimony either because you should try to gain and use “moral understanding” to make your moral judgements instead or because doing so is damaging to your moral character in various ways. Finally, I discuss some “debunking explanations” according to which it is right and rational to trust moral testimony from a trustworthy source. © 2013 The Author. Philosophy Compass © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Perylene‐TiO2 Nanoassemblies
Authors: Llansola‐Portoles Manuel J. , Bergkamp Jesse J. , Tomlin John , Moore Thomas A. , Kodis Gerdenis , Moore Ana L. , Cosa Gonzalo , Palacios Rodrigo E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe photosensitization effect of three perylene dye derivatives on titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has been investigated. The dyes used, 1,7‐dibromoperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxy dianhydride (1), 1,7‐dipyrrolidinylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxy dianhydride (2) and 1,7‐bis(4‐tert‐butylphenyloxy)perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxy dianhydride (3) have in common bisanhydride groups that convert into TiO2 binding groups upon hydrolysis. The different substituents on the bay position of the dyes enable tuning of their redox properties to yield significantly different driving forces for photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). Recently developed TiO2 NPs having a small average size and a narrow distribution (4 ± 1 nm) are used in this work to prepare the dye‐TiO2 systems under study. Whereas successful sensitization was obtained with 1 and 2 as evidenced by steady‐state spectral shifts and transient absorption results, no evidence for the attachment of 3 to TiO2 was observed. The comparison of the rates of PeT (kPeT) for 1‐ and 2‐TiO2 systems studied in this work with those obtained for previously reported analogous systems, having TiO2 NPs covered by a surfactant layer (Hernandez et al. [2012] J. Phys. Chem. B., 117, 4568–4581), indicates that kPeT for the former systems is slower than that for the later. These results are interpreted in terms of the different energy values of the conduction band edge in each system.
A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies of Attitudes to Social Policy
Authors: Sundberg Trude , Taylor‐Gooby Peter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSystematic review (SR) is often promoted as a ‘best practice’ method to inform both policy‐making and policy‐evaluation in social policy in the light of the ever‐growing volume of research. This article considers an innovative use of the method to advance and refine academic knowledge and illustrates this through a small‐scale study of the literature on attitudes to welfare. SR relies on rapid, structured searches of large quantities of material. However, the method has encountered criticism. The article calls for a greater degree of reflection in terms of possible bias in SRs. A pilot using tools from SR methodology to survey attitudes towards social policy is used to demonstrate the problems. These include the US bias of major databases, and weaker reporting of book publications than of articles. SR may help to advance knowledge in social policy, but researchers need to be aware of its weaknesses and possible biases.
Obstacles to Evidence‐based Policy‐making in the EU Enlargement Countries: The Case of Skills Policies
Authors: Bartlett Will 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe global economic crisis has had a significant impact on the EU enlargement region by reducing inflows of external finance. Unemployment has increased in a context of already high long‐term and youth unemployment. As governments seek to restrict their budget deficits there will be little scope for much increase in government expenditure in the near future. These effects of the crisis highlight the need for better policy‐making in the region, drawing on better understanding of the causes of economic and social problems, better appreciation of the range of policy options and their relative chances of success or failure. However, there is a substantial knowledge gap that can only be filled by well‐designed research studies based on research questions that are relevant to the needs of policymakers. In this context, evidence‐based policy‐making techniques have a valuable role to play in improving the policy process. This article points out the specific nature of the policy process in transition countries and the difficulties of formulating rational policy during periods of rapid structural change in which the administrations have become politicized and state capture by big business interests is common. In addition, pervasive policy transfer, often of a coercive nature, is an additional constraint on rational policy‐making. The conflicting advice received from multiple donors and external advisers provides an incentive for playing the system and producing inconsistent policy formulas. The article concludes that there is significant scope for improvement in policy‐making through the use of evidence‐based policy‐making techniques. Governments should, therefore, encourage the use of systematic review and ex‐post evaluation of policy programmes and analysis of natural experiments where possible, while at the same time maintain a realistic awareness of the dangers and distorting effects of the influence of advocacy coalitions, state capture and partyisation of economies.
Genome‐wide characterization and expression analysis of genetic variants in sweet orange
Authors: Jiao Wen‐Biao , Huang Ding , Xing Feng , Hu Yibo , Deng Xiu‐Xin , Xu Qiang , Chen Ling‐Ling 
Published: June 2013

SummaryHeterozyosity is an important feature of many plant genomes, and is related to heterosis. Sweet orange, a highly heterozygous species, is thought to have originated from an inter‐species hybrid between pummelo and mandarin. To investigate the heterozygosity of the sweet orange genome and examine how this heterozygosity affects gene expression, we characterized the genome of Valencia orange for single nucleotide variations (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (InDels) and structural variations (SVs), and determined their functional effects on protein‐coding genes and non‐coding sequences. Almost half of the genes containing large‐effect SNVs and InDels were expressed in a tissue‐specific manner. We identified 3542 large SVs (>50 bp), including deletions, insertions and inversions. Most of the 296 genes located in large‐deletion regions showed low expression levels. RNA‐Seq reads and DNA sequencing reads revealed that the alleles of 1062 genes were differentially expressed. In addition, we detected approximately 42 Mb of contigs that were not found in the reference genome of a haploid sweet orange by de novo assembly of unmapped reads, and annotated 134 protein‐coding genes within these contigs. We discuss how this heterozygosity affects the quality of genome assembly. This study advances our understanding of the genome architecture of sweet orange, and provides a global view of gene expression at heterozygous loci.
An in vivo expression system for the identification of cargo proteins of vacuolar sorting receptors in Arabidopsis culture cells
Authors: Shen Jinbo , Suen Pui Kit , Wang Xiangfeng , Lin Youshun , Lo Sze Wan , Rojo Enrique , Jiang Liwen 
Published: June 2013

SummaryVacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) are type I integral membrane family proteins that in plant cells are thought to recognize cargo proteins at the late Golgi or trans‐Golgi network (TGN) for vacuolar transport via the pre‐vacuolar compartment (PVC). However, little is known about VSR cargo proteins in plants. Here we developed and tested an in vivo expression system for the identification of VSR cargos which is based on the premise that the expressed N‐terminus of VSRs will be secreted into the culture medium along with their corresponding cargo proteins. Indeed, transgenic Arabidopsis culture cell lines expressing VSR N‐terminal binding domains (VSRNTs) were shown to secrete truncated VSRs (BP80NT, AtVSR1NT and AtVSR4NT) with attached cargo molecules into the culture medium. Putative cargo proteins were identified through mass spectrometry. Several identified cargo proteins were confirmed by localization studies and interaction analysis with VSRs. The screening strategy described here should be applicable to all VSRs and will help identify and study cargo proteins for individual VSR proteins. This method should be useful for both cargo identification and protein–protein interaction in vivo.
Convergence of Inflationary Shocks: Evidence from the Caribbean
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos , Ramlogan‐Dobson Carlyn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to shed some light on the inflation dynamics in the Caribbean. We analyse the inflation rates for twelve countries using various time series methods. The results show that the inflation rates are mean reverting processes and that there is evidence of a convergence club in inflation rates within the area, which contradicts previous studies. Our contribution implies a high degree of similarity in the dynamics of our target countries' inflation rates.
Physical Activity Text Messaging Interventions in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Buchholz Susan Weber , Wilbur JoEllen , Ingram Diana , Fogg Louis 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical inactivity is a leading health risk factor for mortality worldwide. Researchers are examining innovative techniques including the use of mobile technology to promote physical activity. One such technology, text messaging, is emerging internationally as a method to communicate with and motivate individuals to engage in healthy behaviors, including physical activity.AimReview the existing scientific literature on adult physical activity text messaging interventions.MethodsThis systematic review examined research papers that addressed physical activity text messaging intervention studies in adults. Using multiple databases, the search strategy included published English language studies through October 1, 2011. An author‐developed data collection tool was used independently by two reviewers to extract and examine the selected study variables.ResultsThe initial search resulted in the identification of 200 publications. Eleven publications representing 10 studies were included in the final review. Studies were conducted in seven countries with over half the studies being randomized controlled trials. Participants of the studies were predominantly young to middle aged women. Physical activity data were mainly obtained by self‐report although three studies used pedometers or accelerometers. Interventions ranged from only sending out text messages to combining text messages with educational materials, staff support, and/or Internet technology. Minimal information was given regarding development or number of text messages used. The median effect size for the studies was 0.50.ConclusionsTo date, using text messaging as a method to promote physical activity has only been studied by a small group of researchers. Current physical activity text messaging literature is characterized by small sample sizes, heterogeneous but positive effect sizes, and a lack of specificity as to the development of the text messages used in these studies. Further research in this area is imperative to facilitate the expansion of mobile technology to promote physical activity.
First Report of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter nosocomialis Isolates Harboring IS
Aba
1-
bla
OXA-23
Genes in Latin America
Authors: Teixeira Aline Borges , Martins Andreza Francisco , Barin Juliana , Hermes Djuli Milene , Pitt Caroline Pormann , Barth Afonso Luis 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

In recent years, different resistance genes have been found in
Acinetobacter
spp., especially in the species
A. baumannii
. We describe two isolates of carbapenem-resistant
A. nosocomialis
harboring IS
Aba
1-
bla
OXA-23
and
bla
OXA-51
found in patients from the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of carbapenem-resistant
A. nosocomialis
in Latin America.
Cat Scratch Disease Caused by Bartonella grahamii in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Oksi Jarmo , Rantala Sari , Kilpinen Sanna , Silvennoinen Raija , Vornanen Martine , Veikkolainen Ville , Eerola Erkki , Pulliainen Arto Tapio 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Bartonella grahamii
colonizes rodents worldwide and has been detected in questing
Ixodes ricinus
ticks. Here, the first human
B. grahamii
infection confirmed by multilocus sequence typing is reported. The route of transmission and clinical picture of the patient are similar to those seen in patients with cat scratch disease, which is typically diagnosed as a
Bartonella henselae
infection.