bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐on‐4® Treatment Concept for the Rehabilitation of the Completely Edentulous Mandible: A 7‐Year Clinical and 5‐Year Radiographic Retrospective Case Series with Risk Assessment for Implant Failure and Marginal Bone Level
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Lopes Armando , Ferro Ana , Gravito Inês 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundStudies are needed to evaluate long‐term outcomes of the All‐on‐4® treatment concept (Nobel Biocare AB) for rehabilitation of edentulous mandibles by assessing marginal bone levels and risk indicators for implant failure.PurposeTo evaluate 7‐year clinical outcomes and 5‐year radiographic outcomes of the All‐on‐4 treatment concept.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective case series included patients admitted for implant rehabilitations in the mandible, who were followed for 7 years clinically and 5 years radiographically. Primary outcome measures were cumulative prosthetic and implant survival using patient as the unit of analysis (Kaplan‐Meier product limit estimator). Secondary outcome measure was marginal bone level (MBL) at 5 years. Variables associated with implant failure were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Binary logistic regression was used to compute odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs for variables associated with MBL ≥2.8 mm at 5 years.ResultsA total of 324 patients (194 women, 130 men, average age = 58.9 years) were rehabilitated with 1,296 implants supporting 324 full‐arch fixed immediately loaded mandibular prostheses. Sixty‐four patients (19.8%) were lost to follow‐up. Prosthetic survival was 323/324 (99.7%), and 14 patients lost 18 implants, with an estimated cumulative survival rate of 95.4% at 7 years. Variables associated with implant failure were smoking (HR = 5.28; 95% CI: 1.33, 20.91]) and the learning curve effect (0.69 < HR < 0.33 for more experienced levels). Mean MBL at 5 years was 1.81 mm (95% CI: 1.70, 1.92), and smoking was associated with MBL ≥2.8 mm (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.02, 5.62).ConclusionsThe high implant and prosthetic survival rates and excellent MBL outcome confirm the predictability and safety of the All‐on‐4 treatment concept over a longer term than previously reported.
Long Term Follow‐Up of Dental Implants Placed in Autologous Onlay Bone Graft
Authors: Schwartz‐Arad Devorah , Ofec Ronen , Eliyahu Galit , Ruban Angela , Sterer Nir 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autologous intraoral onlay bone grafting (OBG) in correlation with long‐term survival rates of dental implants placed in the augmented bone.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 214 patients who received a total of 633 dental implants placed in 224 autologous intraoral block OBG augmentations, combined with Bio‐Oss – mixed with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and covered by platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) – as scaffold, with a follow‐up time up to 137 months (mean 39.9 ± 30.9 months).ResultsA total of 216 OBG cases were successful (96.4%), and most of the augmentations were uneventful (88.4%). Bone graft exposure was moderately associated with bone graft failure (χ2 = 3.76, p = .052). The healing period after implant placement was 4–6 months (mean 5.6 ± 2.56). The majority of the 591 implants survived (93.4%). The cumulative survival rate of the implants was 83%.ConclusionsWe suggest that augmentation of severely atrophied jaw bone through the placement of horizontal and/or vertical intraoral OBGs in combination with Bio‐Oss saturated with PRP and covered by PPP should be considered a reliable, safe, and very effective surgical technique for obtaining high bone graft survival rate and high long‐term implant survival rate.
Cardiac autonomic changes in middle‐aged women: identification based on principal component analysis
Authors: Trevizani Gabriela A. , Nasario‐Junior Olivassé , Benchimol‐Barbosa Paulo R. , Silva Lilian P. , Nadal Jurandir 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the application of the principal component analysis (PCA) technique on power spectral density function (PSD) of consecutive normal RR intervals (iRR) aiming at assessing its ability to discriminate healthy women according to age groups: young group (20–25 year‐old) and middle‐aged group (40–60 year‐old). Thirty healthy and non‐smoking female volunteers were investigated (13 young [mean ± SD (median): 22·8 ± 0·9 years (23·0)] and 17 Middle‐aged [51·7 ± 5·3 years (50·0)]). The iRR sequence was collected during ten minutes, breathing spontaneously, in supine position and in the morning, using a heart rate monitor. After selecting an iRR segment (5 min) with the smallest variance, an auto regressive model was used to estimate the PSD. Five principal component coefficients, extracted from PSD signals, were retained for analysis according to the Mahalanobis distance classifier. A threshold established by logistic regression allowed the separation of the groups with 100% specificity, 83·2% sensitivity and 93·3% total accuracy. The PCA appropriately classified two groups of women in relation to age (young and Middle‐aged) based on PSD analysis of consecutive normal RR intervals.
Facial Pain Radiating Upwards: Could the Pain of Epicrania Fugax Start in the Lower Face?
Authors: Cuadrado María‐Luz , Aledo‐Serrano Ángel , Jiménez‐Almonacid Justino , de Lera Mercedes , Guerrero Ángel L. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundEpicrania fugax (EF) is characterized by painful paroxysms starting in a particular area of the head, and rapidly radiating forwards or backwards through the territories of different nerves. In former clinical descriptions, the pain moved between the posterior scalp (C2) and the frontal or periorbital area (V1), either in forward or backward direction.MethodsWe report 5 patients with a paroxysmal EF‐type pain starting in the lower face (V2 or V3) and radiating upwards.ResultsIn each patient, the pain stemmed from the cheek (n = 1), the upper lip (n = 2) or the chin and mandibular area (n = 2), and then moved up to the forehead or the scalp with linear trajectory. Pain intensity was moderate (n = 1) or severe (n = 4), and pain quality was stabbing (n = 2) or electric (n = 3). The duration of attacks was very brief, lasting 1 to a few seconds. Three patients had ocular or nasal autonomic accompaniments, and 3 had triggers.ConclusionsThere seems to be a facial variant of EF. These observations could not only expand the clinical spectrum of EF but also enlarge the differential diagnosis of facial pain.
Dynamic Social Security: A necessary condition for inclusive societies and economic development
Authors: Matijascic Milko , McKinnon Roddy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis special double issue of the International Social Security Review addresses the question of the essential roles that national social security systems play in contributing to social and economic objectives and does so through the lens of the Dynamic Social Security conceptual framework. In 2007, the International Social Security Association adopted Dynamic Social Security as the strategic concept to guide its actions. The concept aims to positively influence two outcomes: improvements in social security coverage and improvements in social security administration. The set of papers comprising this issue tackle questions relating primarily to the former. On the basis of country examples, the broad aim of this special issue is to take stock of the strategic concept and its “dimensions” as a framework to guide the sustainable development of social security systems.
Revisiting ISSA's Dynamic Social Security: 2007–2014, and beyond
Authors: McKinnon Roddy , Brimblecombe Simon , McClanahan Shea , Orton Ian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe International Social Security Association's (ISSA) Dynamic Social Security conceptual framework has been developed as a tool to identify and analyse current and emerging challenges in social security policy and administrative practice and to guide decision‐makers in developing effective and sustainable responses to these. The longer‐term core objective of the framework is to help extend social security coverage to all through the development of effective social security systems that contributed to socially inclusive and economically productive societies. As revealed by an examination of the ISSA's work priorities, perceptions of the framework have evolved over time. In some instances greater emphasis has been given by the Association to policy analysis, especially in support of the objective of coverage extension. More recently the emphasis has been placed on the practical necessity to support the development of higher performing social security administrations; a core mission objective of the ISSA. In looking to identify future challenges (megatrends) that hold the potential to impact negatively upon social security programmes and administrations, and to develop appropriate responses to these, the ISSA should keep sight of the fact that Dynamic Social Security has an essential analytical role as well as a practical one.
Investing in people to promote activation and empowerment: The case of Denmark and lessons for other countries
Authors: Ploug Niels 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDanish labour market policies and the Danish flexicurity model were feted during the 1990s when active labour market policies combined with economic policies were able to revitalize the Danish economy and to reduce unemployment from 12.0 per cent to 1.4 per cent by mid‐2008. This article explains the background for this development, explains the major features of the Danish flexicurity model, and uses this to explain recent reform developments in Denmark. Investing in people and decentralization of the implementation of policies are important features of the relative success of Denmark's policies. The importance of taking the individual's competences and labour market experience into consideration as well as the importance of adapting active labour market polices to needs in the local labour market are lessons to be drawn from policy developments in Denmark. The article underlines that Denmark's policies are seen as structural policies that seek to adapt structures in the labour market, social benefit system and educational system to future challenges – and that for structural policies to be successful their timing with economic policies is important. This timing is thought to have been successful the 1990s, but it remains to be seen if this has been so in relation to the most recent reforms.
Towards Dynamic Social Security in South Korea
Authors: Shin Dong‐Myeon 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSince the 1997 economic crisis, the Republic of Korea has seen considerable progress in its social security system along with relatively high economic growth. The social security system has been reformed to become more redistributive and comprehensive. Nevertheless, the country has experienced growing income inequality and poverty, raising future concerns about the sustainable growth of the national economy. The deterioration in welfare outcomes can be explained as a result of socioeconomic structural changes, including globalization, post‐industrialization and an ageing society. Another important reason is that the social security system has not effectively addressed increasing income inequality reflecting the dualism of the labour market: there are many irregular and self‐employed workers who are not covered by social security programmes. With the social security system faced with institutional difficulties in coping with increasing social risks driven by the impacts of socioeconomic and structural changes, reform is necessary to enhance social cohesion against growing labour market inequality. There is a need for “Dynamic Social Security” to provide an institutional foundation which supports the virtuous circular relationship between economic growth and distribution.
Dynamic Social Security: Taking stock
Authors: Matijascic Milko , McKinnon Roddy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTo conclude this special double issue, this article addresses four questions related to the strategic pursuit of, what the ISSA calls, Dynamic Social Security (DSS). Based on the evidence of the presented national case studies, social security policy reform priorities differ depending on the level of national economic development, the maturity of the social security system and issues of political economy. Against this backdrop, it is concluded that while general reform trends may be consistent with the objectives defined by DSS, there is important – and often appropriate – divergence across national social security practices.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Conventional 2‐Dimensional and 3‐Dimensional Computed Tomography for Assessing Canine Sacral and Pelvic Fractures by Radiologists, Orthopedic Surgeons, and Veterinary Medical Students
Authors: Stieger‐Vanegas Susanne M. , Senthirajah Sri Kumar Jamie , Nemanic Sarah , Baltzer Wendy , Warnock Jennifer , Hollars Katelyn , Lee Scott S. , Bobe Gerd 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo determine, using 3 groups of evaluators of varying experience reading orthopedic CT studies, if 3‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) provides a more accurate and time efficient method for diagnosis of canine sacral and pelvic fractures, and displacements of the sacroiliac and coxofemoral joints compared with 2‐dimensional computed tomography (2D‐CT).Study designRetrospective clinical and prospective study.AnimalsDogs (n = 23): 12 dogs with traumatic pelvic fractures, 11 canine cadavers with pelvic trauma induced by a lateral impactor.MethodsAll dogs had a 2D‐CT exam of the pelvis and subsequent 3D‐CT reconstructions from the 2D‐CT images. Both 2D‐CT and 3D‐CT studies were anonymized and randomly presented to 2 veterinary radiologists, 2 veterinary orthopedic surgeons, and 2 veterinary medical students. Evaluators classified fractures using a confidence scale and recorded the duration of evaluation for each modality and case.Results3D‐CT was a more time‐efficient technique for evaluation of traumatic sacral and pelvic injuries compared with 2D‐CT in all evaluator groups irrespective of experience level reading orthopedic CT studies. However, for radiologists and surgeons, 2D‐CT was the more accurate technique for evaluating sacral and pelvic fractures.Conclusion3D‐CT improves sacral and pelvic fracture diagnosis when added to 2D‐CT; however, 3D‐CT has a reduced accuracy for evaluation of sacral and pelvic fractures if used without concurrent evaluation of 2D‐CT images.
The relationship between youth employment and older persons' employment in 20 OECD countries
Authors: JI Eun Jeong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInspired by the “lump of labour” theory, a large number of OECD countries have encouraged the expansion of early retirement policies in response to rising unemployment since the 1970s. In reality, however, youth employment is found to be positively correlated with older persons' employment, although this is simply the overall finding for all OECD countries because most studies estimate average effects. Less is known about diversity in the relationship between youth employment and the employment of older workers. In order to help fill the research gap in this area, this study explores the heterogeneity of that relationship across 20 OECD countries.
Putting Disability Studies to Work in Art Education
Authors: Penketh Claire 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPutting disability studies to work in art education suggests a form of action or industry, a creative opportunity for something to be done, recognising the relationship between theory and practice. Drawing on discourse analysis, this article offers an initial theoretical discussion of some of the ways in which disability is revealed and created through discourses about art education in articles published over the past 30 years in iJADE. This article proposes that the lens of critical social pedagogies applied to work relating to gender, race and class should be extended to disability in order to promote critical engagement through art education rather than critical avoidance. Drawing on Elliot Eisner's six lessons in what can be learnt from the arts, the article concludes by recognising the importance of art education as a means of epistemic validation, where different ways of being in the world are valued. Art education and arts practice offer a means of valuing and expressing the ‘dynamic difference of what it means to be human’. The article argues that the combination of disability studies and art education can, therefore, be a force to be reckoned with.
Implementation and Assessment of a Fall Screening Program in Primary Care Practices
Authors: Landis Suzanne E. , Galvin Shelley L. 
Published: December 2014

Fall prevention strategies for older adults are underused in primary care. A study was designed to examine the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) fall measures and to reduce injuries and costs from falls by 10%. This quality improvement project using a pre/post design was implemented in four primary care practices with 2,021 patients aged 65 and older in Asheville, North Carolina. The project used a patient registry, electronic templates, standardized care protocols, a falls clinic to evaluate individuals who reported falling, and patient resource materials. Data were collected from medical records on processes of care, fall‐related injuries, and anticipated payments. Individuals billed for at least one outpatient visit from July 2011 through June 2012 (n = 2,021) constituted the cohort for the intervention and for analysis of injuries from falls requiring hospital visits (before the intervention (T1): July 2010 to March 2011; after the intervention (T2): July 2012 to March 2013). Practice sites properly screened 68.8% of older adults for falls, assessed 87% of those who reported falling, and documented the PQRS required plan of care in 23%. Only 20% self‐reported falls. Numbers of falls requiring a visit to the hospital were small overall and did not decrease (T1, 2.4%; T2, 2.9%; P = .32); 61% of individuals seen in the hospital for fall‐related injuries had not reported previous falls. Incorporating the PQRS fall measures into primary care was challenging, and the program was not robust enough to reduce serious falls and hospital costs.
Comparative analysis of undernutrition screening and diagnostic tools as predictors of hospitalisation costs
Authors: Guerra R. S. , Sousa A. S. , Fonseca I. , Pichel F. , Restivo M. T. , Ferreira S. , Amaral T. F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundUndernutrition is associated with higher hospitalisation costs. The present study aims (i) to explore whether undernutrition status at hospital admission, as evaluated by different screening and diagnostic tools, can predict patient's hospitalisation costs and (ii) to provide an updated economic analysis of undernutrition burden.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in a university hospital. Participants’ (n = 637) nutritional risk was evaluated within 72 h of admission using the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS–2002) and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (‘MUST’). Undernutrition status was determined by Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) recommended clinical characteristics and by the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG–SGA). The hospitalisation cost was calculated for each inpatient using the diagnosis–related group system. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of hospitalisation costs via percentage deviation from the mean cost, after adjustment for patients’ characteristics and comorbidities.ResultsUndernutrition risk according to NRS‐2002 and high undernutrition risk according to ‘MUST’ increased patient's costs, respectively, by 21.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.0–33.2%] and 28.8% (95% CI = 13.7–39.9%). Severe undernutrition by AND‐ASPEN recommended clinical characteristics and by PG‐SGA was also associated with higher hospitalisation costs, respectively 19.4% (95% CI = 7.3–31.5%) and 27.5% (95% CI = 14.0–41.1%). The cost of a nutritionally‐at‐risk or undernourished patient is between €416 (95% CI = €156–675) and €617 (95% CI = €293–855) higher than the average of the respective diagnosis‐related group.ConclusionsUndernutrition is a predictor of hospitalisation costs, increasing costs by between 19% and 29%. Undernutrition screening tools have an ability for predicting hospitalisation costs similar to that of diagnostic tools. An updated analysis of undernutrition associated costs was provided, highlighting the economic burden of undernutrition.
Indigenous child health: Are we making progress?
Authors: Brewster David R , Morris Peter S 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe identified 244 relevant articles pertinent to indigenous health (4% of the total) with a steady increase in number since 1995. Most Australian publications in the journal (with a small Indigenous population) have focussed on conditions such as malnutrition, diarrhoeal disease, iron deficiency, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis and respiratory and ear infections, and in settings where nearly all affected children are Indigenous. In contrast, New Zealand publications (with a large Maori and Pacific Islander population) have addressed important health issues affecting all children but emphasised the over‐representation of Maori and Pacific Islanders. Publications in the journal are largely descriptive studies with relatively few systematic reviews and randomised trials. Our review attempts to cover the important Indigenous health issues in our region as represented by articles published in the Journal. The studies do document definite improvements in indigenous child health over the last 50 years.
The Short‐Term Effects of C‐Peptide on the Early Diabetes‐Related Ultrastructural Changes to the Podocyte Slit Diaphragm of Glomeruli in Rats
Authors: Nakamoto Hiroshi , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Emoto Noriaki , Kajiya Fumihiko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the structural changes in the slit diaphragm, caused by early diabetes, and the nephroprotective effect of C‐peptide.MethodsStreptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic Wistar rats were divided into control, control plus C‐peptide, early diabetes, and early diabetes plus C‐peptide groups. C‐peptide was infused into rats for one day. The slit diaphragm component proteins podocin, CD2AP, and nephrin, were stained immunofluorescently and their distribution quantitatively analyzed by determining the overlapping area ratio. The interfoot process gap length was measured from electron microscopic images.ResultsDiabetic duration correlated best with the area ratio of podocin and CD2AP (r = 0.626), followed by other protein combinations, showing progressive change in the slit diaphragm structure. C‐peptide‐treatment did not alter area ratios. The interfoot process gap length was wider in diabetic rats (p < 0.05) and did not narrow with C‐peptide‐treatment in either control or diabetic rats (both p < 0.05).ConclusionsDiabetes widened the interfoot process gap length and distorted the slit diaphragm structure progressively and heterogeneously in rats with early diabetes; this was not altered by C‐peptide‐treatment. The nephroprotective effect of C‐peptide in decreasing the glomerular filtration rate appears to be functional rather than structural.