УНИФИЦИРОВАННЫЙ АЛГОРИТМ РАСЧЁТА ТОВАРНОЙ И СОРТИМЕНТНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ЗАПАСА ДРЕВОСТОЕВ
Authors: Черных В.Л. , Черных Л.В. , Черных Д.В. 
Published: February 2025

Приводится история разработки и совершенствования объёмных, сортиментных и товарных таблиц, используемых при оценке леса на корню. Дано обоснование использования функции Грама–Шарлье для прогнозирования плотности вероятностей распределения запаса и числа стволов древостоя элемента леса по ступеням толщины. Предложен унифицированный алгоритм товаризации и сортиментации деревьев и древостоев для автоматизации материально-денежной оценки лесосек. Основой унифицированной модели расчёта товарной структуры древостоев для всех методов таксации лесосек является фактическое распределение числа стволов по ступеням толщины и модельное по закону распределения случайной величины Грама–Шарлье. Такой подход позволяет рассчитать товарную, сортную и оптимальную сортиментную структуру древостоя элемента леса при любом используемом методе таксации лесосек.
Introduction. In Russia the assessment of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forest resources for various purposes is conducted through the use of the pure even-aged stand taking the volume, single-tree assortment and stand assortment tables compiled by forest-valuating districts. In our country first elaborations for automated assessment of cutting areas appeared in the 1960s and are continuing until today. There is no function for definition of output of optimal assortment structure from the growing stock of the pure even-aged stand in the existing programs. It will be possible to solve the problem for optimization of assortment structure of the growing stock if there is the data on the quality and size of an individual tree of the pure even-aged stand. The quality of a tree or the forest is characterized by the assortment of commercial timber by size, diameter class of the pure even-aged stand and is determined by the single-tree assortment tables. Thus, the data on the number of trunks of the pure even-aged stand, diameter classes, and technical feasibility categories are obligatory to have in any method of taxation of the cutting areas. To calculate the number of trunks by the diameter class, it is necessary to develop the models of resource allocation in the relative units by the diameter class and pure even-aged stand. The goal of the research is to set up a system of models of commodity structure of a growing stand and develop a unified algorithm for the commodification of the growing stock using the existing methods of standing forest evaluation. The object of the research are the forest stands of one generation, the subject of the research are the patterns of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of standing growing stock of pure even-aged stand. Results. The authors elaborated a unified algorithm for the commodification of the growing stock in the cutting area taking into account a common approach to calculate the commodity structure of pure even-aged stand for all the methods of taxation of cutting areas. The common approach for the commodification of the growing stock is that the number of tree trunks by the diameter class and pure even-aged stand is the elementary unit for calculation in the algorithm. The authors analyzed the literature sources and found out that it was possible to recommend the generalized normal distribution of random value (Gram-Charlier) as a basic model to simulate the stock allocation by the diameter class. This was reaffirmed by the example of the analysis of forest mensuration regulations found in the Lower Volga Region oak plantations and represented as mathematical models of distribution series of the number of trunks and the growing stock by the diameter class. Conclusion. The authors grounded the usage of Gram-Charlier expansion for the simulation of stock and number of trunks in the stand of one generation by the diameter class. At that, mean value of precision of estimate of number of trunks is 2.3 %, by growing stock - 2 %. The variability of number of trunks and growing stock by diameter class is large, but it decreases with the increase of mean diameter by 1–5 %, which is the evidence of validity of the results obtained. The basis of the unified model for calculation of the commodity structure of stands for all methods of cutting areas taxation is the actual distribution of the number of trunks by diameter class and simulative distribution by Gram-Charlier law of random distribution. Such approach makes it possible to calculate the commodity, sortable and optimal assortment structure of stand of one generation for any taxation method applied. The results of calculation of the commodity structure by diameter class are of a unified form and the content for all the methods of taxation. The unified algorithm for stands commodity structure calculation is implemented when elaborating an “Automated IT System for Forest Management”.