bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of attentional bias for smoking cues: modulation by variance in the dopamine transporter gene
Authors: Wetherill Reagan R. , Jagannathan Kanchana , Lohoff Falk W. , Ehrman Ronald , O'Brien Charles P. , Childress Anna Rose , Franklin Teresa R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCigarette‐dependent smokers automatically and involuntarily orient attention toward smoking cues (SCs). This attentional bias is clinically significant, as it may contribute to relapse. Thus, identifying neural and genetic correlates of attentional bias is critical for improving interventions. Our previous studies show that the dopamine transporter (DAT) SLC6A3 genotype exerts profound effects on limbic responses to SCs. One potential mechanism underlying these effects is greater attentional bias for SCs. Here, we explored associations between attentional bias for SCs and neural responses to SCs among ‘sated’ smokers genotyped for the SLC6A3 polymorphism. Pseudo‐continuous arterial spin‐labeled perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging images were acquired during SC exposure in 35 smokers genotyped for the SLC6A3 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (n = 16, 9‐repeats; n = 19, 10/10‐repeats). Participants completed a visual dot‐probe attentional bias task, which contained pictures of smoking and non‐smoking pictures, to examine whether genetic variation in DAT influences attentional bias and to investigate relationships between attentional bias and neural responses to SCs. Although attentional bias to smoking pictures was not significantly different between 9‐repeats and 10/10‐repeats, 9‐repeats showed a positive correlation between attentional bias and increased SC‐induced brain activity in the amygdala, whereas 10/10‐repeats showed an inverse correlation in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). In group comparisons, 9‐repeats exhibited positive correlations between attentional bias and SCs in the mOFC and amygdala, relative to 10/10‐repeats. Findings suggest that genetic variation in the DAT gene influences brain responses associated with attentional bias; thus, providing additional support for a SC‐vulnerable endophenotype.
Competing‐risks analysis in patients with T1 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Thuret Rodolphe , Sun Maxine , Abdollah Firas , Budaus Lars , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Iborra François , Guiter Jacques , Patard Jean‐Jacques , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: October 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines recommend an inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in patients with T1G2‐3 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP). To date, only four series reported the rates of cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) after primary tumor excision (PTE) without an ILND in patients with T1 clinically node‐negative (cN0) SCCP.We examined CSM rates in cN0 patients with T1G1‐3 SCCP, in whom an ILND was not performed, relying on competing‐risks analyses.OBJECTIVE
To quantify and compare cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) and other‐cause mortality (OCM) in individuals with stage T1G1–3 clinically node‐negative (cN0) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) since there is no consensus regarding the need for an inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) in patients with T1G2–3 cN0 SCCP.
METHODS
Relying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, we identified 655 patients diagnosed with primary SCCP between 1988 and 2006.
Cumulative incidence plots were used to graphically depict the effect of CSM relative to OCM.
Competing‐risks regression analyses were used to quantify the risk of CSM or OCM after adjusting for age, race, tumour grade and surgery type.
RESULTS
The 5‐year CSM rates after a primary tumour excision without ILND were 2.6%, 10.0% and 15.9% in patients with respectively T1G1, T1G2 and T1G3 cN0 SCCP.
The 5‐year OCM rates were 29.5%, 27.3% and 29.3% in patients with respectively T1G1, T1G2 and T1G3.
Age failed to provide additional stratification.
CONCLUSIONS
The CSM rate was highest in T1G3 patients and appears to justify ILND.
Conversely, the CSM rate was lowest in T1G1 patients, which justifies active surveillance in this patient subset.
A moderate CSM rate at 5 years was recorded for T1G2 patients, which brings into question the benefits of ILND.
Family‐focused physical activity, diet and obesity interventions in African–American girls: a systematic review
Authors: Barr‐Anderson D. J. , Adams‐Wynn A. W. , DiSantis K. I. , Kumanyika S. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryObesity interventions that involve family members may be effective with racial/ethnic minority youth. This review assessed the nature and effectiveness of family involvement in obesity interventions among African–American girls aged 5–18 years, a population group with high rates of obesity. Twenty‐six databases were searched between January 2011 and March 2012, yielding 27 obesity pilot or full‐length prevention or treatment studies with some degree of family involvement and data specific to African–American girls. Interventions varied in type and level of family involvement, cultural adaptation, delivery format and behaviour change intervention strategies; most targeted parent–child dyads. Some similarities in approach based on family involvement were identified. The use of theoretical perspectives specific to African–American family dynamics was absent. Across all studies, effects on weight‐related behaviours were generally promising but often non‐significant. Similar conclusions were drawn for weight‐related outcomes among the full‐length randomized controlled trials. Many strategies appeared promising on face value, but available data did not permit inferences about whether or how best to involve family members in obesity prevention and treatment interventions with African–American girls. Study designs that directly compare different types and levels of family involvement and incorporate relevant theoretical elements may be an important next step.
Efficient GPU Data Structures and Methods to Solve Sparse Linear Systems in Dynamics Applications
Authors: Weber Daniel , Bender Jan , Schnoes Markus , Stork André , Fellner Dieter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present graphics processing unit (GPU) data structures and algorithms to efficiently solve sparse linear systems that are typically required in simulations of multi‐body systems and deformable bodies. Thereby, we introduce an efficient sparse matrix data structure that can handle arbitrary sparsity patterns and outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art implementations for sparse matrix vector multiplication. Moreover, an efficient method to construct global matrices on the GPU is presented where hundreds of thousands of individual element contributions are assembled in a few milliseconds. A finite‐element‐based method for the simulation of deformable solids as well as an impulse‐based method for rigid bodies are introduced in order to demonstrate the advantages of the novel data structures and algorithms. These applications share the characteristic that a major computational effort consists of building and solving systems of linear equations in every time step. Our solving method results in a speed‐up factor of up to 13 in comparison to other GPU methods.
Peer Acceptance and Friendships of Students with Disabilities in General Education: The Role of Child, Peer, and Classroom Variables
Authors: de Boer Anke , Pijl Sip Jan , Post Wendy , Minnaert Alexander 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo understand the difficulties students with disabilities experience in their social participation in general education, this study examined which child, peer, and class variables relate to peer acceptance and friendships. In a cross‐sectional study, sociometric data were gathered for students without disabilities (N = 985) and students with disabilities (N = 65), together with personal related variables of students with disabilities, attitudes of peers towards students with disabilities, and classroom information. Using separate social networks for both boys and girls, the findings of the logistic multilevel regression analyses showed different outcomes for peer acceptance of boys and girls with disabilities. The implications of the findings are discussed in the light of possible interventions to improve peer acceptance and friendships of students with disabilities in general primary education.
If you can’t eat what you like, like what you can: how children with coeliac disease and their families construct dietary restrictions as a matter of choice
Authors: Veen Mario , te Molder Hedwig , Gremmen Bart , van Woerkum Cees 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlthough it is recognised that a gluten‐free diet has many social implications for coeliac disease patients, not much is known about how such patients actually manage these implications in their everyday interactions. This article examines how dietary restrictions are treated by patients and their families. Data from recorded mealtime conversations of seven Dutch families with children suffering from coeliac disease were analysed using discursive psychology. We found two main discursive strategies by which patients and their families manage the diet during mealtime interactions. A reference to pleasure is used to manage the tension between the child’s agency and parental responsibility in the face of health requirements and, by softening the denial of food, the diet is normalised and treated as a shared family practice. The analysis shows that the gluten‐free diet is demedicalised and treated as a matter of choice rather than prescription. We conclude with the practical implications of these findings.
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in the Irish Economy
Authors: Hynes Stephen , Hennessy Thia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThroughout the Celtic Tiger years, the contribution of agriculture to Irish gross domestic product and employment declined as other sectors of the economy boomed. Not surprisingly, interest in the sector over this period, from both the popular media and public representatives, declined. However, since the start of the downturn in Ireland’s economic fortunes in late 2007, there has been a renewed interest in the sector. The Irish government’s Food Harvest 2020 strategy has set ambitious targets for the expansion of the Irish agricultural fisheries and food sector, but the achievement of these targets will be dependent on overcoming a number of structural and environmental constraints. This paper examines the characteristics of this important indigenous sector in the Irish economy and the major constraints facing it. This study concludes with a discussion on whether or not the agriculture, fisheries and food sector is in a position to contribute to Ireland’s economic recovery.
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS: An Update
Authors: Kelsay John 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA survey of developments over the last forty years suggests that little progress has been made in the development of comparative religious ethics as a discipline. While authors working in this field have produced a number of interesting works, the field lacks structure, including an agreement on the basic purpose, terms, and approaches by which contributions may be evaluated as better or worse. I provide an account of this history, suggesting that a way forward will involve marrying ethicists' interest in arguments with close attention to the more and less formal structures by which groups of people organize the giving and taking of reasons.
FROM EPISTEMOLOGY TO ETHICS: Theoretical and Practical Reason in Kant and Douglass
Authors: Golden Timothy J. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this essay is to provide a philosophical discussion of Frederick Douglass's thought in relation to Christianity. I expand upon the work of Bill E. Lawson and Frank M. Kirkland—who both argue that there are Kantian features present in Douglass as it relates to his conception of the individual—by arguing that there are similarities between Douglass and Kant not only concerning the relationship between morality and Christianity, but also concerning the nature of the soul. Specifically, I try to show that the moral weakness of slaveholding Christianity that Douglass attacked is found in the ecclesial formation of the slaveholding Christian church; it is a formation that begins with epistemology, but ignores ethics. I conclude, in part, that both Douglass and Kant reject a Cartesian psychological dualism in favor of a conception of the soul that is more attentive to one's moral development.
THE ART OF RETRIEVAL: Stoicism?
Authors: Rowe C. Kavin 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis essay argues that retrieving insights from the ancient Stoic philosophers for Christian ethics is much more difficult than is often assumed and, further, that the “ethics of retrieval” is itself something worth prolonged reflection. The central problem is that in their ancient sense both Christianity and Stoicism are practically dense patterns of reasoning and mutually incompatible forms of life. Coming to see this clearly requires the realization that the encounter between Stoicism and Christianity is a conflict of lived traditions. Precisely because we cannot simply extract Stoic insights from the lives in which they belong, the task of determining how Stoicism is useful for Christianity is exceptionally challenging. Indeed, doing justice to the Stoics has more to do with facing an alternative to Christianity than it does with appropriating insights for our own use. These points are developed in conversation with Elizabeth Agnew Cochran's recent article on the Stoic influence upon Jonathan Edwards.
BRICOLAGE AND THE PURITY OF TRADITIONS: Engaging the Stoics for Contemporary Christian Ethics
Authors: Cochran Elizabeth Agnew 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis essay is a response to C. Kavin Rowe's critique of my 2011 argument that certain dimensions of Roman Stoic ethics are at work in Jonathan Edwards's moral thought. Rowe raises questions about the act of selectively retrieving ideas from a philosophical tradition to support constructive work in another tradition. I argue for the importance of acknowledging how Christian thought has been shaped by what Jeffrey Stout describes as moral bricolage, the selective retrieval of ideas from various traditions, and I contend that this bricolage can continue to be a fruitful means through which Christian ethics engages external traditions. Moreover, the importance of Stoicism's retrieval in early modern philosophy makes the work of eighteenth‐century theologians such as Edwards a particularly valuable resource for exploring the plausibility of Christian engagement with the Stoics.
Inference for Linear Models with Dependent Errors
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Shao Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe paper is concerned with inference for linear models with fixed regressors and weakly dependent stationary time series errors. Theoretically, we obtain asymptotic normality for the M-estimator of the regression parameter under mild conditions and establish a uniform Bahadur representation for recursive M-estimators. Methodologically, we extend the recently proposed self-normalized approach of Shao from stationary time series to the regression set-up, where the sequence of response variables is typically non-stationary in mean. Since the limiting distribution of the self-normalized statistic depends on the design matrix and its corresponding critical values are case dependent, we develop a simulation-based approach to approximate the critical values consistently. Through a simulation study, we demonstrate favourable finite sample performance of our method in comparison with a block-bootstrap-based approach. Empirical illustrations using two real data sets are also provided.
Optimal Predictions of Powers of Conditionally Heteroscedastic Processes
Authors: Francq Christian , Zakoïan Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn conditionally heteroscedastic models, the optimal prediction of powers, or logarithms, of the absolute value has a simple expression in terms of the volatility and an expectation involving the independent process. A natural procedure for estimating this prediction is to estimate the volatility in the first step, for instance by Gaussian quasi-maximum-likelihood or by least absolute deviations, and to use empirical means based on rescaled innovations to estimate the expectation in the second step. The paper proposes an alternative one-step procedure, based on an appropriate non-Gaussian quasi-maximum-likelihood estimator, and establishes the asymptotic properties of the two approaches. Asymptotic comparisons and numerical experiments show that the differences in accuracy can be important, depending on the prediction problem and the innovations distribution. An application to indices of major stock exchanges is given.
Estimating Heterogeneity Variance in Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rukhin Andrew L. 
Published: October 2012

SummarySeveral new estimators of the between-study variability in a heterogeneous random effects meta-analysis model are derived. One is the unbiased statistic which is locally optimal for small values of the parameter. Others are Bayes procedures within a class of quadratic statistics for a diffuse prior with different choices of the prior mean. These estimators are compared with the DerSimonian–Laird procedure and the Hedges statistic in particular via the quadratic risk of the treatment effect estimator. A Monte Carlo study supports the usage of confidence intervals derived from the new estimators.
THE ATLANTIC ROMAN TRADE DURING THE PRINCIPATE: NEW EVIDENCE FROM THE WESTERN FAÇADE
Authors: CARRERAS CÈSAR , MORAIS RUI 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn this paper new evidence is presented for long‐distance trade in the western Atlantic in the Roman period, chiefly from Augustus to the second century AD, on the basis of documented shipwrecks and numerous amphora types. Well‐dated contexts from northern Portugal and Spain, as well as similar sites in northern France and Germany, suggest a thriving trade of amphora‐borne commodities during the Principate. The Atlantic route was initially developed during Augustus' campaigns against the Cantabri and Astures, and later consolidated with the exploitation of the mines in the north‐west of the Iberian Peninsula. Supplying the Roman armies in the German Limes gave a new impetus to this commercial route, complemented by the conquest of Britain.
Computational modeling of a forward lunge: towards a better understanding of the function of the cruciate ligaments
Authors: Alkjær Tine , Wieland Maja R. , Andersen Michael S. , Simonsen Erik B. , Rasmussen John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the function of the cruciate ligaments during a forward lunge movement. The mechanical roles of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL, PCL) during sagittal plane movements, such as forward lunging, are unclear. A forward lunge movement contains a knee joint flexion and extension that is controlled by the quadriceps muscle. The contraction of the quadriceps can cause anterior tibial translation, which may strain the ACL at knee joint positions close to full extension. However, recent findings suggest that it is the PCL rather than the ACL which is strained during forward lunging. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to establish a musculoskeletal model of the forward lunge to computationally investigate the complete mechanical force equilibrium of the tibia during the movement to examine the loading pattern of the cruciate ligaments. A healthy female was selected from a group of healthy subjects who all performed a forward lunge on a force platform, targeting a knee flexion angle of 90°. Skin‐markers were placed on anatomical landmarks on the subject and the movement was recorded by five video cameras. The three‐dimensional kinematic data describing the forward lunge movement were extracted and used to develop a biomechanical model of the lunge movement. The model comprised two legs including femur, crus, rigid foot segments and the pelvis. Each leg had 35 independent muscle units, which were recruited according to a minimum fatigue criterion. This approach allowed a full understanding of the mechanical equilibrium of the knee joint, which revealed that the PCL had an important stabilizing role in the forward lunge movement. In contrast, the ACL did not have any significant mechanical function during the lunge movement. Furthermore, the results showed that m. gluteus maximus may play a role as a knee stabilizer in addition to the hamstring muscles.
Feeding, digestion and food storage in two species of temnocephalid flatworms (Turbellaria: Rhabdocoela)
Authors: Jennings J. B. 
Published: October 2012

Histological and histochemical methods have been used to study feeding, digestion and food storage in two species of temnocephalid flatworms.Temnocephala brenesi, from Costa Rica, and T. novae‐zealandiae, from New Zealand, are ectocommensal on the gills of freshwater decapod crustaceans and feed on a variety of small aquatic organisms. The prey is captured by means of prehensile tentacles, and is either ingested intact or held to the mouth whilst the pharynx ruptures the integument to draw in the body contents.In both species the alimentary system is of the typical rhabdocoel form, with a doliiform pharynx and saccate intestine. The gastrodermis is differentiated into glandular and phagocytic components, with some of the gland cells subgastrodermal and embedded in the parenchyma surrounding the intestine.Digestion occurs by a combination of extra‐ and intracellular processes; endo‐ and exopeptidases, acid and alkaline phosphatases and lipases are secreted in sequence and can be demonstrated histochemically.Deposits of fat occur in the vitellaria and eggs, and glycogen is laid down in the testes and the musculature of the pharynx and sucker.The ectocommensal life has not caused any significant change in the general pattern of nutrition characteristic of free‐living flatworms and no tendency towards a parasitic existence has been found.
Reproduction in eastern forms of the Spotted skunk (genus Spilogale)
Authors: Mead Rodney A. 
Published: October 2012

The reproductive physiology of 156 feral and 31 captive specimens of two eastern subspecies of the Spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) was studied, the histology of the primary and secondary sexual organs of both sexes described, and the breeding cycle outlined.Most matings take place in April and parturition occurs in June. Some females from southern latitudes may produce two litters in a single year.