bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to Development: The Contribution of Indigenous Community Enterprises in Chiapas
Authors: Giovannini Michela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe interest in the potential role of community enterprises in sustaining self‐managed development strategies stems from the analysis of the scarce results provided by top‐down development interventions in indigenous settings. This paper reports on an ethnographic study carried out in the Mexican state of Chiapas, where 16 community enterprises managed by local indigenous communities have been analysed. The focus of the analysis was to identify the main needs of local indigenous communities and the contribution that community enterprises could give to addressing these needs. The main findings pinpoint some enabling factors for the emergence of community enterprises and some specific characteristics that explain the contribution of community enterprises in supporting alternative approaches to development, where local communities are actors of their own development processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with false‐negative cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion studies: A Clinical evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging in coronary artery disease (CE‐MARC) substudy
Authors: Kidambi Ananth , Sourbron Steven , Maredia Neil , Motwani Manish , Brown Julia M. , Nixon Jane , Everett Colin C. , Plein Sven , Greenwood John P. 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo examine factors associated with false‐negative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion studies within the large prospective Clinical Evaluation of MR imaging in Coronary artery disease (CE‐MARC) study population. Myocardial perfusion MR has excellent diagnostic accuracy to detect coronary heart disease (CHD). However, causes of false‐negative MR perfusion studies are not well understood.Materials and MethodsCE‐MARC prospectively recruited patients with suspected CHD and mandated MR, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, and invasive angiography. This subanalysis identified all patients with significant coronary stenosis by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and MR perfusion (1.5T, T1‐weighted gradient echo), using the original blinded image read. We explored patient and imaging characteristics related to false‐negative or true‐positive MR perfusion results, with reference to QCA. Multivariate regression analysis assessed the likelihood of false‐negative MR perfusion according to four characteristics: poor image quality, triple‐vessel disease, inadequate hemodynamic response to adenosine, and Duke jeopardy score (angiographic myocardium‐at‐risk score).ResultsIn all, 265 (39%) patients had significant angiographic disease (mean age 62, 79% male). Thirty‐five (5%) had false‐negative and 230 (34%) true‐positive MR perfusion. Poor MR perfusion image quality, triple‐vessel disease, and inadequate hemodynamic response were similar between false‐negative and true‐positive groups (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 4.1 (0.82–21.0), P = 0.09; 1.2 (0.20–7.1), P = 0.85, and 1.6 (0.65–3.8), P = 0.31, respectively). Mean Duke jeopardy score was significantly lower in the false‐negative group (2.6 ± 1.7 vs. 5.4 ± 3.0, OR 0.34 (0.21–0.53), P < 0.0001).ConclusionFalse‐negative cardiovascular MR perfusion studies are uncommon, and more common in patients with lower angiographic myocardium‐at‐risk. In CE‐MARC, poor image quality, triple‐vessel disease, and inadequate hemodynamic response were not significantly associated with false‐negative MR perfusion. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:566–573.
A multilevel study of group‐focused and individual‐focused transformational leadership, social exchange relationships, and performance in teams
Authors: Chun Jae Uk , Cho Kyoungmin , Sosik John J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryUsing matched reports from 73 team leaders and 359 of their members across 23 companies in Korea, we examined a multilevel model where group‐ and individual‐focused transformational leadership and their influence processes operate at the team and dyadic levels independently and interactively to be associated with team and member performance. Results indicated that group‐focused transformational leadership was positively associated with team performance through team member exchange (TMX), whereas individual‐focused transformational leadership positively related to team members' in‐role and extra‐role performance through leader–member exchange (LMX). TMX not only positively mediated the relationships between group‐focused transformational leadership and member performance after controlling for LMX but also positively moderated LMX–performance relationships. Moreover, the indirect effect of individual‐focused transformational leadership through LMX on member performance was contingent upon the level of TMX. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spaceflight‐induced bone loss alters failure mode and reduces bending strength in murine spinal segments
Authors: Berg‐Johansen Britta , Liebenberg Ellen C. , Li Alfred , Macias Brandon R. , Hargens Alan R. , Lotz Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntervertebral disc herniation rates are quadrupled in astronauts following spaceflight. While bending motions are main contributors to herniation, the effects of microgravity on the bending properties of spinal discs are unknown. Consequently, the goal of this study was to quantify the bending properties of tail discs from mice with or without microgravity exposure. Caudal motion segments from six mice returned from a 30‐day Bion M1 mission and eight vivarium controls were loaded to failure in four‐point bending. After testing, specimens were processed using histology to determine the location of failure, and adjacent motion segments were scanned with micro‐computed tomography (μCT) to quantify bone properties. We observed that spaceflight significantly shortened the nonlinear toe region of the force‐displacement curve by 32% and reduced the bending strength by 17%. Flight mouse spinal segments tended to fail within the growth plate and epiphyseal bone, while controls tended to fail at the disc‐vertebra junction. Spaceflight significantly reduced vertebral bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and trabecular thickness, which may explain the tendency of flight specimens to fail within the epiphyseal bone. Together, these results indicate that vertebral bone loss during spaceflight may degrade spine bending properties and contribute to increased disc herniation risk in astronauts. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:48–57, 2016.
Voice disorders in the elderly: A national database study
Authors: Roy Nelson , Kim Jaewhan , Courey Mark , Cohen Seth M. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the type, frequency, and factors associated with voice disorders in the elderly.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of data from a large national administrative US claims database.MethodsElderly outpatients (>65 years old) with a laryngeal/voice disorder (LVD) diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008, seen by an otolaryngologist or primary care physician (PCP) were included. Data regarding age, gender, comorbid conditions, geographic location, employment history, and type of physician providing the diagnosis were collected, and multiple logistic regression was used to determine the influence of these factors in otolaryngologist‐determined LVD diagnoses.ResultsOf the almost 55 million individuals in the database, 60,773 unique patients (mean age = 74.9 years, standard deviation = 6.6 years, range = 65–105 years) had an encounter with a PCP or otolaryngologist and received an LVD diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses overall were acute and chronic laryngitis, nonspecific dysphonia, and benign vocal fold lesions. PCPs more commonly diagnosed acute laryngitis, whereas otolaryngologists more commonly diagnosed nonspecific dysphonia and laryngeal changes/lesions. In the otolaryngology group, odds of nonspecific dysphonia and vocal fold paralysis/paresis diagnoses increased with advancing age, whereas benign laryngeal pathology, and acute and chronic laryngitis decreased. As compared to men, women had lower odds of paralysis/paresis and laryngeal cancer but higher odds of acute laryngitis and nonspecific dysphonia. Odds of specific LVDs also varied depending upon comorbid conditions and geographic location.ConclusionsAge, gender, comorbid conditions, geographic location, and physician type were significantly associated with specific LVD diagnoses within the elderly.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:421–428, 2016
Initial investigation of a novel noninvasive weight loss therapy using MRI‐Guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MR‐HIFU) of visceral fat
Authors: Winter Patrick M. , Lanier Matthew , Partanen Ari , Dumoulin Charles 
Published: August 2015

PurposeMRI‐guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MR‐HIFU) allows noninvasive heating of deep tissues. Specifically targeting visceral fat deposits with MR‐HIFU could offer an effective therapy for reversing the development of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.MethodsOverweight rats received either MR‐HIFU of visceral fat, sham treatment, no treatment, or ex vivo temperature calibration. Conventional MR thermometry methods are not effective in fat tissue. Therefore, the T2 of fat was used to estimate heating in adipose tissue.ResultsHIFU treated rats lost 7.5% of their body weight 10 days after HIFU, compared with 1.9% weight loss in sham animals (P = 0.008) and 1.3% weight increase in untreated animals (P = 0.004). Additionally, the abdominal fat volume in treated animals decreased by 8.2 mL 7 days after treatment (P = 0.002). The T2 of fat at 1.5 Tesla increased by 3.3 ms per °C. The fat T2 was 103.3 ms before HIFU, but increased to 128.7 ms (P = 0.0005) after HIFU at 70 watts for 16 s and to 131.9 ms (P = 0.0005) after HIFU at 100 watts for 16 s.ConclusionThese experiments demonstrate that MR‐HIFU of visceral fat could provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive weight loss therapy for combating obesity and the subsequent medical complications. Magn Reson Med 76:282–289, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal anemia caused by the Guadalajara variant of G6PD deficiency
Authors: Keller Caroline C. , Joosten Marieke , Middeldorp Annemieke M. , Knapen Maarten F. C. M. 
Published: August 2015

What's already known about this topic?

The rare Guadalajara variant of G6PD deficiency is known for causing severe hemolytic anemia.
What does this study add?

This is the first published case of a diagnosed and treated fetal anemia, caused by the Guadalajara variant of G6PD deficiency.
It is important to note that non‐invasive fetal Doppler screening can be performed for pregnant women who are carriers of this X‐linked recessive disorder.
Localized magnetic moments in a Dirac semimetal as a spin model with long‐range interactions
Authors: Kogan E. , Kaveh M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren We connect between the problem of thermodynamics of localized magnetic moments in a Dirac semimetal, the interaction with relativistic electrons leading to the effective ferromagnetic exchange between the moments, and the existing theories dealing with long‐range exchange interaction. We point out that the results of high‐temperature expansion for the free energy of a dilute ensemble of magnetic impurities in the semimetal performed by V. Cheianov et al. [Phys. Rev. B 86, 054424 (2012)] give an indication to the existence of a new disordered fixed point in such model.
The limits of multiplexing
Authors: Shen Dan , Dittmer D. P. , Marron J. S. 
Published: August 2015

We were motivated by three novel technologies, which exemplify a new design paradigm in high throughput genomics: nanostring TM, DNA‐mediated Annealing, Selection, extension, and Ligation DASL TM, and multiplex real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). All three are solution hybridization based, and all three employ on 10–1000 DNA sequence probes in a small volume, each probe specific for a particular sequence in a different human gene. nanostring TM uses 50‐mer, DASL and multiplex QPCR use ∼20‐mer probes. Assuming a 1‐nM probe concentration in a 1 μL volume, there are 10− 9 × 10− 9 × 6.23 × 1023 or 6.23 × 105 molecules of each probe present in the reaction compared to 10–1000 target molecules. Excess probe drives the sensitivity of the reaction. We are interested in the limits of multiplexing, i.e., the probability that in such a design a particular probe would bind to any other, sequence‐related probe rather than the intended, specific target. If this were to happen with appreciable frequency, this would result in much reduced sensitivity and potential failure of this design. We established upper and lower bounds for the probability that in a multiplex assay at least one probe would bind to another sequence‐related probe rather than its cognate target. These bounds are reassuring, because for reasonable degrees of multiplexing (103 probes) the probability for such an event is practically negligible. As the degree of multiplexing increases to ∼106 probes, our theoretical boundaries gain practical importance and establish a principal upper limit for the use of highly multiplexed solution‐based assays vis‐‐a‐vis solid‐support anchored designs. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:394–399. doi: 10.1002/wics.1364This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics
Data: Types and Structure > Microarrays
Trinuclear Complexes of Nickel(II) and 4‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole
Authors: Bräunlich Irene , Medvedev Michael , Dshemuchadse Julia , Wörle Michael , Caseri Walter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNickel(II) tetrafluoroborate is capable of forming a variety of complexes with 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (NH2trz), as NH2trz can coordinate to one, two, or three Ni2+ ions and thus can give rise in particular to polynuclear compounds of “infinite” dimensions. From rather concentrated solutions in the presence of an excess of Ni2+, however, crystallization of the trinuclear compound [Ni3(NH2trz)6(H2O)6](BF4)6·4H2O is observed. In this complex, adjacent nickel ions are connected with three bridging NH2trz ligands, and three water molecules are bound to each of the terminal nickel atoms. The Ni–N distances at the central Ni2+ ion were found to exceed those at the terminal Ni2+ ions, in account with the trans influence of the involved ligands. The distances between the nickel atoms (3.72–3.73 Å) are too large to enable considerable Ni–Ni bonds. Remarkably, over longer periods hydrolyzed BF4– reacted with the glass vessel, in which the synthesis was conducted, to yield SiF62– ions. In the resulting mixture, a BF4–/SiF62– complex developed reproducibly, of the structure [Ni3(NH2trz)6(H2O)6](BF4)4(SiF6)·4H2O. Although both the BF4– and the BF4–/SiF62– complexes are characterized by trinuclear units and exhibit similar Ni–N and Ni–O bond lengths as well as Ni–Ni distances, in the BF4– crystal there are two symmetrically inequivalent trinuclear units, while in the BF4–/SiF62– crystal the two Ni–Ni subunits in a trinuclear unit differ from each other, in particular with respect to the angles between mean planes of the triazole molecules.
Widespread intra-specific genetic homogeneity of coastal Antarctic benthic foraminifera
Authors: Majewski Wojciech , Bowser Samuel S. , Pawlowski Jan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Benthic foraminifera are a major component of the Antarctic biota. Coastal foraminiferal morphospecies are widely distributed in Antarctic waters. The question is whether these morphotypes are genetically identical or, rather, they represent a cohort of cryptic species. Here, we compared genetically nine benthic foraminiferal morphospecies from Admiralty Bay (South Shetlands) and the western Ross Sea (McMurdo Sound, Terra Nova Bay), separated by a distance of ~4500 km. Additionally, for three of these morphospecies, we included specimens from Rothera (Marguerite Bay), which is located between the two main areas of interest. Our study, based on SSU and ITS rDNA sequence data, shows that all examined morphospecies share the same genotypes despite the presence of considerable intra-individual genetic variability.
Rheological Properties of Wormlike Micelles Formed in Aqueous Systems of 3‐Alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromides in the Presence of Sodium Octanoate
Authors: Ping Ali , Geng Peipei , Wei Xilian , Liu Jie , Zhang Junhong , Sun Dezhi , Guo Xiaodong , Yang Min 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe rheological properties of aqueous systems composed of each of the four homologous cationic surfactants (3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium bromides, CnHTAB, n = 12, 14, 16 and 18) in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium octanoate (SO), have been studied by using steady state and frequency sweep rheological measurements. The effects of surfactant concentration, hydrophobic chain length and temperature were investigated. In C14HTAB solution, the viscosity shows shear thinning in the concentration range of CC14HTAB >320 mmol/kg. Addition of SO promotes the micellar growth and results in the generation of wormlike micelles. Zero‐shear viscosity (η0) of the binary surfactant system exhibits a maximum point in the investigated concentration range, suggesting the interaction between C14HTAB and SO molecules is strongest at the optimal ratio of C14HTAB with SO. The decrease in viscosity was attributed to be the transition from entangled wormlike micelles to branching micelles after the maximum point, cryo‐TEM images revealed the changes in the structure of the wormlike micelles.
Vertical scapular osteotomy in congenital high scapula
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek Hassan , Samir Shady 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Children with congenital high scapula (CHS) have a cosmetic and functional problem due to limited shoulder abduction. Treatment options include excision of the prominent superior angle, scapular relocation procedures and subtotal scapulectomy. Excision of the superomedial angle results only in cosmetic improvement. Subtotal scapulectomy and relocation procedures are associated with ugly scars, extensive bleeding and high incidence of brachial plexus injuries. Vertical scapular osteotomy (VSO) is another surgical option that provides cosmetic and functional improvement. The aim of this study is to assess medium to long term results of VSO in treatment of CHS. Methods This is a prospective case series study. Seven children with CHS were treated at our unit. Age ranged from 5–13 years with an average of 8.4 years. All children were females with unilateral affection. All children underwent a VSO as described by Campbell. We used the Cavendish grading system together with combined shoulder abduction for assessment. Follow up averaged 4.6 years. Results All children and parents were extremely satisfied with the results of surgery. All patients experienced an improvement in global shoulder abduction with an average gain in abduction of 52.9°. All patients experienced an improvement in cosmetic appearance with better shoulder levelling. The Cavendish grade improved in all patients. Conclusion This study emphasizes the results of previous authors demonstrating that CHS can be treated successfully with a VSO. The procedure is simple and its results are reproducible.
Post‐weaning environmental enrichment improves BDNF response of adult male rats
Authors: Mosaferi Belal , Babri Shirin , Mohaddes Gisou , Khamnei Saeed , Mesgari Mehran 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe environment could have long lasting effects on the individual phenotype through developmental plasticity. Early environmental enrichment exerts profound biological effects, most of which are quite beneficial ones. To explore the enduring effects of rearing condition quality on BDNF responses, we reared male Wistar rats from weaning to young‐adulthood in three different environmental conditions: 1. Enriched 2. Standard, and 3. Isolated. Then, at the age of 16 weeks, 10 rats from each group were randomly chosen and allocated to six common mix cages. They were kept together for 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, each rat received ten inescapable foot‐shocks. Twelve hours later, the BDNF contents of the amygdala and CA1 sub‐region of the dorsal hippocampus were measured. The serum BDNF levels, hematocrit values as well as brain and testis weights were also measured. Results showed that the environmental enrichment led to stronger dorsal hippocampal BDNF response and higher serum BDNF levels, while rats from standard laboratory condition showed higher amygdala BDNF response. Also, enriched animals showed higher brain weight compared to isolation reared rats as well as higher testis weight and hematocrit value compared to animals reared in standard laboratory condition. Rats showed less body weights in isolated condition. In conclusion, the BDNF profile of enriched animals might represent the neurobiological correlate of resilience phenotype under a stressful situation.
Gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending prenatal care at Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
Authors: Oppong Samuel A. , Ntumy Michael Y. , Amoakoh‐Coleman Mary , Ogum‐Alangea Deda , Modey‐Amoah Emefa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women in Accra, Ghana.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study enrolled women at 20–24 weeks of pregnancy attending their first prenatal clinic at Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, between March and November 2013. Participants underwent a 2‐hour, 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks. The odds of GDM among different body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) groupings were calculated in a multiple logistic regression model.ResultsAmong 399 women screened, 37 (9.3%) had GDM. Compared with women with a BMI in the normal range (18.50–24.99), obese women (BMI > 30.0) had an increased risk of GDM (odds ratio [OR] 2.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–8.20; P = 0.034]; overweight women (BMI 25.00–29.99) had a slightly elevated risk (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.41–3.55; P = 0.742). Maternal age, parity, education, employment status, place of residence, and previous pregnancy complications did not affect the risk of GDM.ConclusionGDM was found in 10% of pregnant women in Accra. Women who were obese by 20–24 weeks of pregnancy had a significantly increased risk of GDM.
Identity Paper/Work/s and the Unmaking of Legal Status in Mae Sot, Thailand
Authors: REDDY Malavika 
Published: August 2015

AbstractArguing for renewed attention to legal status as a problem of material forms and the practices around them, this paper builds, from an examination of documents in use, a theory of how competing notions of personhood shape legal status for Burmese people in Mae Sot, Thailand. It finds that there exist in Mae Sot two modes of documentary practice through which the legal status of Burmese people is apprehended. “Modes of documentary practice” refer not only to records, papers, certificates, cards, and forms, but to the patterns of filling in, wielding, explaining, and referencing a variety of print matter. The two modes identified in this paper exist in a feedback loop, with the result that Burmese people in Mae Sot are increasingly individuated as being part of a group for whom legal status is irrelevant and legal indistinctiveness is the norm.