bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2134 – Cholesterol And The Cycle Of Violence In Suicide Attempters
Authors: Asellus P. , Nordström A.-L. , Nordström P. , Jokinen J. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundAn association between low levels of serum cholesterol and violent or suicidal behaviour has frequently been reported. However the role of serum cholesterol in the cycle of violence (Widom 1989) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate association between exposure to violence during childhood and expressed violent behaviour in suicide attempters with low and high serum cholesterol levels.MethodA total of 81 suicide attempters were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6–14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). We used median split to dichotomise groups below and above median serum cholesterol.ResultsIn patients with serum cholesterol below median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and violent behaviour as an adult was significant (rho = 0.52, p = 0.0024), while in patients with serum cholesterol above median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as an adult was not significant (rho = 0.23, p = 0.23).Comorbid substance abuse predicted violent behaviour as an adult only in patients with serum cholesterol above median.ConclusionCycle of violence hypothesis is modified by serum cholesterol.
2141 – Ekbom's Syndrome
Authors: Delgado Durán T. , Márquez Ligero F.J. 
Published: July 2013

According to the literature, this syndrome is based on a delusive idea from a tactile (hallucinations haptic) and visual (dermatozoopsias) alucinatorio mechanism, from a primary delirious occurrence, or from a delusive secondary idea to poisoning, dementia or depression. Two big groups exist: one ectoparasitario (skin) and another endoparasitario (orifices or internal organs).Physically numerous injuries are observed in some accessible regions of the skin open to the plastered and the patients come to the doctor with imaginary pathogenic. Alternative treatment does not exist for this entity even though pimozine and risperidona take the best effect.Our patient shows an upset case- history, that progressing for twenty years, by depending on opiates and cocaine and he carries out a treatment with agonist opioids (methadone). After years of abstinence, he shows an active cocaine taking developing afterward a extensible parasitoids for four mouths long causing an strong pruritus which he intends to relieve taking the parasites out with the help of skin auto injuries. He brings a flask with skin remains, with the parasites recognized, and a magnifying glass in such a way that the doctor can examine them clearly. Several times he comes to the Medical Service. He upbraids the doctors, who don’t pay attention to him, because he doesn’t agree to be admitted in Infectious Service or Internal Medicine. Finally he is admitted involuntarily in Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit. Once a treatment with pimozide is established and the abstinence from poisons is assured, the delirious disorder, that he suffered, disappears.
2144 – IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma And Tgf-beta Genetic Polymorphism With Respect To Susceptibility To Schizophrenia
Authors: Frydecka D. , Beszlej A. , Karabon L. , Pawlak-Adamska E. , Tomkiewicz A. , Partyka A. , Misiak B. , Piotrowski P. , Zagdanska M. , Kiejna A. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a chronic severe psychiatric disorder with multiple environmental and genetic determinants. Several reports indicate the possible role of immune system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. An accumulating body of evidence indicates an association of schizophrenia and its psychopathology with altered cytokine production. The variation of the level of cytokines might be partly due to their functional gene polymorphism.PurposeThe study was carried out to investigate the association of schizophrenia with the following cytokine polymorphisms: IL-2 (-330T/G), IL-6 (-174G/C), IFN-gamma (+874 T/A), TGF-beta (+869 T/C and +915 G/C).Material and methodsWe included 130 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 184 controls in our study. The patients were evaluated for lifetime psychotic symptomatology using the Operational Criteria for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) checklist. The patients having history of traumatic brain injury, neurologic disorders, substance abuse or immune related diseases were excluded from the study by detailed medical examination.ResultsThe polymorphisms were in HWE both in the cases’ and controls’ groups. In single marker analysis, we did not find an association for the tested polymorphisms.ConclusionOur data do not support the role of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta gene polymorphisms in the predisposition to schizophrenia in the Polish population.
2149 – Diagnostic Uncertainty Of Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Albuquerque R.P. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSince 3000 B.C. Man has been trying to classify mental disorders. However, there is still much to be done and the differential diagnosis of psychotic disorders remains one of the greatest challenges in modern psychiatry.ObjectivesWe aim to improve the differential diagnosis of psychotic disorders, namely by rethinking schizophrenia spectrum disorders as syndromes whose hallmark are not delusions or hallucinations.MethodsWe present the clinical report of a 57 year old woman admitted in our unit who was diagnosed with maniac type schizoaffective disorder. Her previous medical records documented different diagnosis, namely schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hence, we attempt to understand the evolution of classification systems, how clinical practice deals with these systems and how the future DSM-V and ICD-11 may correct existing flaws.ResultsWe demonstrate that the definition of psychotic symptom should be restricted to delusions and/or hallucinations, thus there is a need to rethink the core symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, the assessment of a patient should always take into account the longitudinal development of the disease, retrieving one of Kraeplin's concepts. We found conflicts between the existing classification systems and extraordinary shortcomings, such as a 50% chance of failure of DSMIV temporal diagnostic reliability.ConclusionsCurrent clinical practice continues to give much emphasis to research on delusions and hallucinations - contradicting Bleuler's concepts - and neglecting other dimensions - cognitive dysfunction, disorganization and negative, affective and motor symptoms. The integration of these symptoms in stable diagnoses remains a challenge.
2152 – The Total Serum Cholesterol In Alcoholics With Secundary Depression
Authors: Mandic-Gajic G. , Dedic G. , Eror A. , Stojanovic Z. , Spiric Z. , Samardzic R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionHigh rate of depression and suicide found in alcoholics. Low total serum cholesterol is related with suicidal behavior, impulsivity and depression. Alcoholics have elevated serum triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, but lower values of HDL-cholesterol.ObjectivesTo investigate the serum cholesterol levels and differences between secondary depressed and non-depressed alcoholics biochemical blood tests were performed.MethodsA total group of eighty six non-cirrhotic male primary alcoholics, without malnutrition was recruited during inpatient treatment. After 4 weeks alcoholics were divided in the depressive (DA) group and non-depressive NDA group according the Hamilton Depression Rating scale- HAMD cut-off score under 8. Biochemical blood tests were performed for all participants on admission and retrospectively were analyzed. Differences between groups were tested by Student t-test.ResultsThere were not significant difference among groups for demographic and biochemical serum parameters. The DA group showed lower level of total serum cholesterol (5,9 ± 1.24) than NDA group (6.4 ± 1.20) on admission, with values between normal rang (3.63-6.7 mmol/l) p = 0.072.ConclusionThe group of depressive alcoholics showed trend of lower level of total serum cholesterol on admission. It would be useful to investigate low serum cholesterol as possible predictive factor of secondary depression among alcoholics.
2156 – Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games: Comparison Of Problematic vs Non-problematics Gamers
Authors: Nicolier M. , Achab S. , Monnin J. , Tio G. , Cappe C. , Mauny F. , Vandel P. , Sechter D. , Gorwood P. , Haffen E. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesAlthough the participant number in online role-playing games (MMORPGs) increase significantly, international validated instruments to assess excessive gaming are lacking.MethodsApart from sociodemographical data and behavioral gamer patterns, 3 different addiction scales were therefore tested in 453 French adult MMORPG gamers recruited during 10 consecutive months to determine characteristics, online habits and problematic overuse. The DSM-IV-TR substance scale (adapted for MMORPG and named DAS), the qualitative Goldberg Internet Addiction Disorder scale (GIAD) and the quantitative Orman Internet Stress Scale (ISS) were analyzed.ResultsThe 453 participating adult gamers were typically young adult graduates living alone in urban areas. For all scales, cyberdependence were high (respectively 27.5%, 44.3% and 32.5%). The DAS appeared as a pertinent discriminating instrument as DAS dependent gamers had a 3 times increased tolerance phenomenon, declared significantly more social, financial (OR:4.85), couple (OR:4.61), family (OR:4.69) or work difficulties (OR:4.42) than non-dependent gamers. Furthermore, they were 3 times more irritable, having more daytime sleepiness and more sleep deprivation to play.ConclusionsThe results highlight that the DAS did not overestimate proportion of online video gamers addicted and was associated with several behavioral disorders such as low mood, emotional changes, disturbance of sleep. This study confirms the necessity of setting up a relevant prevention program against MMORPG overuse (Achab et al., 2011, BMC Psychiatry, PMID: 21871089).
2157 – Cortisol Levels And Neuropsychiatric Diagnosis As Markers Of Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Kazmierski J. , Banys A. , Latek J. , Bourke J. , Jaszewski R. , Kloszewska I. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionDelirium affects 11% to 47% of post-operative cardiac surgery patients and is associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates. However, the pathophysiology of this syndrome is largely unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate whether increased concentration of pre- and postoperative plasma cortisol predicts the development of delirium after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Secondly, to assess whether the association between cortisol and delirium is stress-related or mediated by other pathologies, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) or cognitive impairment.MethodsThe patients were examined one day preoperatively with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Montreal Cognitive Assessment to screen for depression and cognitive impairment, respectively. Blood samples for cortisol levels were collected both pre- and post-operatively. The Confusion Assessment Method was used within the first five days postoperatively to screen for a diagnosis of delirium.ResultsPostoperative delirium developed in 36% (41of 113) of participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed two groups independently associated with an increased risk of developing post-operative delirium:1)Those with pre-operatively raised cortisol levels and2)Those with a pre-operative diagnosis of MDD associated with raised levels of cortisol post-operatively. According to ROCanalysis the most optimal cutoff values of the preoperative and postoperative cortisol concentration which predict the development of delirium were 353.55 nmol/L, and 994.10 nmol/L, respectively.ConclusionRaised peri-operative plasma cortisol concentrations are associated with delirium after CABG surgery. This may be an important pathophysiological consideration in the increased risk of post-operative delirium seen in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of MDD.
2161 – The Quite Early Detection Of Schizophrenic Children
Authors: Hamasaki Y. 
Published: July 2013

AimThe subclinical behavioral and psychological characteristics of schizophrenic children have not been sufficiently investigated to present specific evidences .To elucidate the picture of them, and to find out indicators which predict later development of schizophrenia, childhood behaviors of the adult schizophrenia subjects were investigated in a questionnairebased retrospective study.MethodSchizophrenia outpatients (n = 50) in his/her twenties and normal healthy subjects (n = 200) were investigated. All patients are diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR as schizophrenia, and who present now mainly negative symptoms after passing an acute stage. By modified use of the CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) as a retrospective assessment questionnaire, the parents of the patients and of control subjects rated their childhood behavior.ResultsAmong eight syndrome scales of the CBCL, those of “Withdrawan”, “Anxious/Depressed”, “Social problems” and “Attention problems” were significantly associated with schizophrenia, although any of these scores were not in clinical range. The hit-rate when classifying the schizophrenic and normal subjects by discriminant function using all items of CBCL totaled 94%.ConclusionThe results suggested that subclinical characteristics of schizophrenia already exist in the patients’ childhood. With some assessment tool using the obtained discriminat function, the quite early detection of schizophrenic children seems possible.
2166 – The Relationship Between Maniacal Episode And Cerebral Stroke. About a Case
Authors: Márquez Ligero F.J. , Delgado Durán T. , Sánchez D. de la Vega 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionAlthough depression is commonly related to cerebral stroke, mania is a strange but possible consequence of brain ischemia or intracranial hemorrhages. The maniacal episodes in relation to cerebral stroke have an incident, according to the bibliography, 1% in patients with sharp cerebrovascular diseases. So, in larger persons who show the first maniacal episode, it's recommended to perform studies of cerebral image to reject cerebrovascular disease's presence.ObjectivesStudy of the relationship between stroke and the onset of mania/bipolar disorder.MethodsReview of the literature about this subject through Pubmed and report of the patient's medical history.ResultsLet's show the 64-years-old male's case, with a personal record of schizotypal (without having needed previous hospitable admission) and arterial hypertension. The patient shows a set of symptoms, developing one month long, consisting of verbosity, desinhibicion, hipertimia, overheads increasing and conception delirious damage. This symptomatology, completely new in the patient, made suspect an organic origin, so he was admitted in Internal Medicine Unit, the presence of lacunar strokes were objetived in internal capsule. After he was admitted in our Unit of Psychiatric Hospitalization, neuroleptic with Haloperidol treatment is stablished, a rapid response is observed about it. As discharge time, the patient appears euthymic, clear psychomobility and verbalizing an important distance from the delirious clinic.ConclusionsDespite the rarity of post stroke mania, the appearance of such symptoms in advances ages must be taken into account in every patient without previous affective symptomatology and concomitant neurological lesion.
2174 – Comparison Of Baseline Respiratory Parameters Between Panic Disorder And Other Anxiety Disorders: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Grassi M. , Caldirola D. , Guerriero G. , Prestia D. , Dal Santo B. , Perna G. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionA recent meta-analyses by our team found baseline respiratory abnormalities in subjects with Panic Disorder (PD) compared to subjects without PD. However, it is still open the question whether these abnormalities are intrinsic to pathophysiology of PD or may be shared with other psychiatric populations with high trait and state anxiety levels, such as subjects suffering from other anxiety disorders.ObjectivesTo meta-analyze the results from all of the studies that compared baseline respiratory parameters between subjects with PD and subjects with other anxiety disorders.MethodsA literature research in bibliographic databases was performed. Only fixed-effects models were applied due to the small number of studies available for each parameter. Several moderator analyses and publication bias diagnostics were performed.ResultsSubjects with PD showed a lower end-tidal CO2 pressure and a higher mean respiration rate at baseline compared to patients with both Generalized Anxiety Disorders and Social Phobia. Furthermore, also a significantly lower venous CO2 pressure and a higher venous HCO3- (bicarbonate ion) concentrations in PD than Social Phobia was found. Moderator analyses suggested that these differences between groups are not explained by differences in the state anxiety levels experienced during the assessment procedure. No evidence of publication bias was found.ConclusionsResults suggest that peculiar baseline respiratory abnormalities and particularly a chronic hyperventilation may be specific of PD pathophysiology also when compared to other anxiety disorders.
2176 – Prolonged Hospital Admissions Of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder In The Context Of The New Legislation In England And Wales -clinicians’ View
Authors: Dobrzynska E. , Clementi N. , Wiecko R. , Mehany S. , Fortugno F. , Eales M. , Barker D. , Rossiter S. , Britten S. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionIn 2007 the Mental Health Act in England and Wales was amended and the definition of Mental Disorder was broadened. This change affected people with Personality Disorders who now can be admitted for hospital treatment without consent, often for prolonged period of time.ObjectivesThis poster reviews clinicians’ attitudes towards the new legislation and its consequences and also presents the research on the different perspectives about the new law.AimsTo review clinicians’ attitudes with regard to interfaces between Personality Disorders and the new law.MethodsUse of the specifically designed questionnaire for clinicians providing hospital care for patients with Borderline Personality Disorders. MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were also searched for all English-language articles published between 2008 and 2012 containing the keywords “rsonality Disorder”, “Mental Health Act” and “clinicians view on compulsory treatment of persons with Borderline Personality Disorder”. Additional key articles published before 2008 were reviewed. The most relevant articles were selected for the review.Results and conclusionsThere is still no common consensus in regard to the benefit of compulsory hospital admission of persons with Borderline Personality Disorders. Results from questionnaires are under review.
2178 – Psychosis Following Itraconazole Therapy - a Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Mohandas A. , Bhuwan Roy B. , Sapara A. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionThe authors would like to report on the case of an individual who developed psychosis, following pulse therapy of Itraconazole. We discuss his clinical presentation, history and similar reports in literature on Itraconazole.MethodsCase-report, Literature review, Discussion.ResultsMr.X was a 36 year old male who developed an acute psychotic episode after starting his second course of pulse treatment of Itraconazole. Subsequently he had three inpatient admissions for his psychosis, in which he was treated informally-initially with Olanzapine and Quetiapine, and following the third admission with Clozapine.DiscussionIn the back ground of a negative history of any previous psychotic episode, no family history of psychosis or any mental illness, no concordant illicit substance abuse, and the emergence of clear cut psychotic symptoms at the age of 36 following treatment with a course of oral Itraconazole, our opinion is that Itraconazole has possibly contributed to the development of psychosis in a potentially vulnerable individual. Our literature review revealed only very few case reports of Itraconazole associated psychotic disorder.ConclusionThis case highlights, although rare, the potential risk of idiosyncratic reactions and psychiatric manifestations associated with the antifungal agent Itraconazole. We recommend increased awareness amongst clinicians about the potential idiosyncratic reaction and risk of psychosis associated with Itraconazole and also the importance in highlighting such cases for the awareness of the public as well as clinicians.
2179 – Psychedelic Drugs In Psychotherapy. a Revival?
Authors: Barrau-Alonso V.M. , Sendra-Lopez J. , Benítez-Álvarez N. , Vera-Barrios E. , Hernández-Dorta A. , Díaz-Marrero G. , González I. , Quandt P. , Gracia-Marco R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionPsychedelic drugs were used extensively in psychotherapy in the 1950s to lower psychological defences and facilitate emotional insight. Thousands of research participants were administered hallucinogens in the context of basic clinical research or therapeutic clinical research, resulting in hundreds of publications. Results across studies were ultimately inconclusive due to such variations in methods and a lack of modern controls and experimental rigour. The growing controversy and sensationalism resulted in increasing restrictions on access to hallucinogens throughout the 1960s (ultimately resulting in the placement of the most popular hallucinogens into Schedule I of the 1970 Controlled Substances Act in the United States).AimsRenewed human administration research began in the 1990s. Recent clinical studies have administered hallucinogens to evaluate their safety and efficacy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: specifically, anxiety related to advanced-stage cancer (Grob, 2005), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Moreno, et al., 2006), heroin dependence (Krupitsky, et al., 2007), personal meaning and spiritual significance (Griffiths, et al., 2008), and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of LSD for alcoholism (Krebs,et al., 2012).ResultsPsychedelic-assisted psychotherapy utilizes the acute psychological effects of psychedelic drugs to enhance the normal mechanisms of psychotherapy. The effects of psychedelic psychotherapy are often very pronounced within several days or weeks after a treatment session, but then these effects quickly decline. This phenomenon was termed a “psychedelic afterglow”.ConclusionsFhurther research, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, methodology should explore the efficacy of hallucinogens.