bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches to “mental health” in low-income countries: a case study of Uganda
Authors: Shaw Ian , Middleton Hugh 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which “mental health” difficulties are approached in low-income countries, using a case study of Uganda focus down upon the issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study involved two phases. The first was the collection and analysis of documentary evidence and interviews with policy makers in Uganda. The second involved interviews with health staff, traditional healers and the public in the Buganda Kingdom of Uganda. Interviews were conducted in English or Luganda and translated as necessary. No external sources of funding to declare.

Findings
– There are differing perceptions of mental health and illness in Uganda and there exists culturally accepted sources of support for distress. This highlights the important role of traditional healers and the paper argues that they should be recognised for their work in mental health care.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is a small-scale study of one area of Uganda (Buganda Kingdom), the extent to which it can be generalised is therefore very limited. However, the research is sufficient to indicate the benefits of traditional healers in mental health care and supports an argument towards a public mental health model.

Practical implications
– The paper argues for a move in priority away from a focus upon a biomedical model of mental health support towards a public health model and the meaningful engagement of traditional healers. This would also necessitate a refocus of spending in the wider society.

Originality/value
– The paper poses a challenge to the Global Public Health movement and questions the relevance of expanding biomedical psychiatry in low-income countries. The paper also adds weight to emerging literature on the value of a public health approach to mental health and illness, especially in the developing world.
Overconfidence, overreaction and personality
Authors: Durand Robert , Newby Rick , Tant Kevin , Trepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to systematically profile investors’ personality traits to examine if, and how, those traits are associated with phenomena observed in financial markets. In particular, the paper looks at overconfidence and overreaction in an experimental foreign exchange market.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper measures the personality of the subjects using the short form of the NEO-PIR instrument, the NEO-FFI developed by Costa and McRae (1992) which is based on Norman's (1963) “Big Five” personality constructs of negative emotion, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The paper measures psychological gender using questions developed by Bem (1994). Preference for innovation and risk-taking propensity are measured using instruments developed by Jackson (1976). The paper then examines the behavior of the subject who traded interactively in “real time” in an interactive-simulated foreign exchange market where “price discovery” was instantaneous and pricing decisions were made instantaneously as items of news, determined by the researchers, were released.

Findings
– The paper demonstrates that personality traits are associated with overconfidence and overreaction in financial markets. The paper presents meta-analysis which facilitates the development of a posteriori theories of how particular traits affect investment; there are important roles for risk-taking propensity, negative emotion, extraversion, masculinity, preference for innovation and conscientiousness.

Originality/value
– A typical behavioral finance paper might find an empirical regularity in prices and, on the basis of such patterns, infer the underlying psychology motivating the behavior of investors. The approach differs from this caricature of the “typical” behavioral finance paper. The paper does not infer the underlying psychology of investors from patterns in prices. Rather, the paper learns about investors by systematically profiling their personality traits. The paper then demonstrates how those traits are associated with the prices generated by the investors the authors study. In focussing on the role of individual personality, the paper refocusses behavioral finance on the individuals who set prices.
Process parameters investigation of a laser-generated single clad for minimum size using design of experiments
Authors: Ermurat Mehmet , Ali Arslan Mehmet , Erzincanli Fehmi , Uzman Ibrahim 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the effect of four important process parameters (i.e. laser focal distance, travel speed, feeding gas flow rate and standoff distance) on the size of single clad geometry created by coaxial nozzle-based powder deposition by high power laser.

Design/methodology/approach
– Design of experiments (DOE) and statistical analysis methods were both used to find optimum parameter combinations to get minimum sized clad, i.e. clad width and clad height. Factorial experiment arrays were used to design parameter combinations for creating experimental runs. Taguchi optimization methodology was used to find out optimum parameter levels to get minimum sized clad geometry. Response surface method was used to investigate the nonlinearity among parameters and variance analysis was used to assess the effectiveness level of each problem parameters.

Findings
– The overall results show that wisely selected four problem parameters have the most prominent effects on the final clad geometry. Generally, minimum clad size was achieved at higher levels of gas flow rate, travel speed and standoff distance and at minimum spot size level of the laser focal distance.

Originality/value
– This study presents considerable contributions in assessing the importance level of problems parameters on the optimum single clad geometry created laser-assisted direct metal part fabrication method. This procedure is somewhat complicated in understanding the effects of the selected problem parameters on the outcome. Therefore, DOE methodologies are utilized so that this operation can be better modeled/understood and automated for real life applications. The study also gives future direction for research based on the presented results.
Where does the Fair Trade price premium go? Confronting consumers' request with reality
Authors: Langen Nina , Adenaeuer Lucie 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– An important characteristic of Fair Trade products is that a fair price is paid to the producer. At the same time the Fair Trade system is accused of being inefficient with respect to the distribution of the price premium paid by consumers along the supply chain. This study aims to focus in particular on consumers' perceptions of fair pricing. Besides, the paper seeks to assess the extent to which consumers' expectations are somehow anchored in or in accordance with reality in Germany in 2007.Design/methodology/approach– To get insights into German consumers' perception of Fair Trade a consumer survey based on face-to-face interviews withn=484 participants was conducted in 2008. To approach the profit distribution along the Fair Trade coffee chain a web-based market investigation was performed.Findings– One important result is that most of the consumers actually narrow Fair Trade down to the issue of paying fair prices to farmers. The comparison of the efficiency of the Fair Trade system that is requested by the study participants (measured as the share of an additional euro paid for a Fair Trade product) and the point of sale calculations (revealing the percentage of the retail price going to the producer) indicates that for 60 percent of the respondents a calculated share of 50 percent reaching the producer would not be high enough. Results reveal that 10 percent of the respondents require a minimum share of 90 percent of the retail price to reach the producer. A total of 23 percent are satisfied with 80 percent; 60 percent of the respondents want that more than 50 percent of an additional euro spent reaches the producer. Only 4 percent of the participants are willing to accept an efficiency of less than 20 percent.Originality/value– This is the first paper not only investigating how much of the price premium paid by consumers reaches the Fair Trade producers but also delivering insights regarding how much of the price premium paid in the retail store for Fair Trade coffee consumers do request to reach the Fair Trade producer.
The management revolution's growing army of rebel voices
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The author adds six books to a cannon of books that together delineate the emerging practice and theory of radical management.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author identifies the mismatch between modern business' need to achieve continuous innovation in product development and service delivery and traditional, hierarchical management.

Findings
– The paradigm shift to radical management involves not merely the application of new technology or a simple set of fixes or adjustments to hierarchical bureaucracy. It means basic change in the way people think, talk and act in the workplace–including changes in attitudes, values, habits and beliefs.

Practical implications
– This masterclass shows how the paradigm shift in leadership and management can generate dramatic reductions in cost, size, and time, and improvements in convenience, reliability and personalization, of products and services.

Originality/value
– This masterclass defines the principles authors need to follow to successfully prescribe useful approaches and best practices for surviving and thriving the management revolution in the creative economy.
Direct and indirect effects of tree canopy facilitation in the recruitment of Mediterranean oaks
Authors: Caldeira Maria C. , Ibáñez Inés , Nogueira Carla , Bugalho Miguel N. , Lecomte Xavier , Moreira Andreia , Pereira João S. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Tree recruitment in Mediterranean ecosystems is strongly limited at the seedling stage by drought. Increasing evidence shows the critical positive role of the canopy nurse effect on seedling survival which results from direct and indirect, positive and negative interactions between species.

Most studies, however, have only focused on the effects of tree canopy on water and light, ignoring other critical factors affecting seedling regeneration, such as canopy effects on high temperatures and the competing herb biomass.

Here, we evaluate how tree canopy cover and removal of herbs affect the survival and growth of seedlings of two dominant Mediterranean Quercus species during a 3‐year study. We use an integrated model that combines several data sets to quantify and predict regeneration dynamics along environmental gradients of soil moisture, temperature and light.

Low soil moisture, increased soil temperature and herb biomass negatively affected seedling survival of both Quercus species. Seedling growth was positively associated with increasing soil moisture and light.

Although tree canopy cover directly facilitated seedling survival in both Quercus species, it also negatively affected herb biomass and thus indirectly facilitated the survival of Quercus suber, but not of Quercus ilex seedlings at low levels of soil moisture.

Overall, tree canopies increased seedling survival but not growth during the establishment phase, mainly by ameliorating the effects of low soil moisture and high temperatures. Tree canopy indirectly facilitated survival of Q. suber seedlings by negatively affecting the competing herb layer.

Synthesis and applications. To improve tree recruitment and conserve Mediterranean Quercus woodlands, the removal of herbs should be integrated into management plans for dry habitats. Interactions between abiotic and biotic factors may also effect the regeneration of these tree species. In particular, a healthy tree canopy will become important for providing conditions to facilitate seedling establishment if these habitats become drier and warmer, as predicted by some climate change scenarios.
HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds During Ripening in Exocarp and Mesocarp of Tomato Fruit
Authors: Carrillo‐López Armando , Yahia Elhadi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIdentification of phenolic compounds was done by means of liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) using the electrospray ionization interface (ESI). Quantification of phenolic compounds was carried out by using HPLC with diode array detector (DAD) in exocarp and mesocarp of tomato fruit at 6 different ripeness stages (mature‐green, breakers, turning, pink, light‐red, and red). Several phenolic compounds were identified including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and rutin and some combined phenolic acids were tentatively identified, mainly glycosides, such as caffeoyl hexose I, caffeoyl hexose II, caffeoylquinic acid isomer, dicaffeoylquinic acid, p‐coumaroyl hexose I, p‐coumaroyl hexose II, feruloyl hexose I, feruloyl hexose II, siringyl hexose, and caffeoyl deoxyhexose hexose. Fruit exocarp had higher quantities of total soluble phenolics (TSP) compared to mesocarp. During ripening, TSP increased in both exocarp and mesocarp, mainly in exocarp. While rutin increased, chlorogenic acid decreased in both tissues: exocarp and mesocarp.
Mutagenicity of Edible Palm Oil on the Ghanaian Market before and after Repeated Heating
Authors: Asare George A. , Okyere Genevieve O. , Asante Matilda , Brown Charles A. , Santa Sheila , Asiedu Bernice 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRed palm oil produced in Ghana largely by village folks has never been tested for its mutagenic potential. The study aimed at determining the mutagenicity of high‐energy heated red palm oil (RRPO) and refined, bleached imported palm oil (PO) on the Ghanaian market. Samples of RRPO and PO were 1× and 5× heated for 10 min at 180 °C with a cooling period of 5 h in‐between. Unheated, together with heated samples, were tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 tester stains. Unheated PO was negative for the Ames mutagenicity test with TA 98 strain. However, 1× and 5× heated PO were mutagenic (P = 0.05, each). Testing PO, using TA 100 strain was negative. RRPO was mutagenic with TA 98 strain for heated oils (P = 0.05, each). Assays with TA 100 strain showed highly significant mutations (P = 0.001, each) that increased with increasing heating frequency. PO 1× and 5× heated samples caused significant frameshift mutation in the S. typhimurium TA 98 strain. RRPO caused highly significant point and frameshift mutations in heated samples. Furthermore, unheated RRPO mutagenic potential has serious health implications.
Part 2: MRI of hypervascular focal liver lesions using liver specific contrast agents
Authors: Sutherland Tom , Seale Melanie , Yap Kelvin 
Published: October 2013

SummaryHypervascular liver lesions are frequently encountered and can be characterised by using hepatobiliary contrast agents at MRI examinations. The imaging characteristics of a variety of hypervascular liver lesions are presented with an emphasis on differentiating features.
Characterization and high cross‐species transferability of microsatellite markers from the floral transcriptome of Aspidistra saxicola (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Huang Danni , Zhang Yiqing , Jin Mingda , Li Hankun , Song Zhiping , Wang Yuguo , Chen Jiakuan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecent studies utilizing transcriptome sequences generated by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have demonstrated the ability to rapidly detect and characterize thousands of gene‐based microsatellites from different plants. However, these simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were seldom used directly to test interspecific transferability in the populations of closely related species. Aspidistra Ker‐Gawl. is a monocot genus with high species richness and diversity in flower structure, but its fresh floral materials are not easy to obtain. Until now, little is known about genetic background in the species of Aspidistra, quite apart from the fearful reduction of their natural habitats. In this study, the floral transcriptome of Aspidistra saxicola was obtained using NGS. Based on these data, a total of 5527 SSRs were identified in the unigenes. Among these SSRs, the proportions of di‐ and tri‐nucleotide repeats were quite close (49.6% verse 46.8%), and the most tri‐nucleotide repeats were AGG/CCT followed by AAG/CTT and AGC/GCT in A. saxicola, showing distinct differences with other angiosperm species. To assess genetic diversity in the species of Aspidistra, 48 SSR loci were tested in four available populations of A. elatior. The results revealed that more than a third of the loci were polymorphic. The majority of these primers could be amplified in 24 species representing the main clades of Aspidistra. The primer subsets from transcriptome data proved highly useful for detecting polymorphisms in the related species, supporting the finding that NGS is an efficient approach to molecular marker development at both intra‐ and interspecies levels, especially in endangered nonmodel species.
Calculating the ecological impacts of animal‐borne instruments on aquatic organisms
Authors: Todd Jones T. , Van Houtan Kyle S. , Bostrom Brian L. , Ostafichuk Peter , Mikkelsen Jon , Tezcan Emre , Carey Michael , Imlach Brittany , Seminoff Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Animal‐borne instruments provide researchers with valuable data to address important questions on wildlife ecology and conservation. However, these devices have known impacts on animal behaviour and energetics. Tags deployed on migrating animals may reduce reproductive output through increased energy demands or cause phenological mismatches of foraging and nesting events. For marine organisms, the only tagging guidelines that exist are based on lift and thrust impacts on birds – concepts that do not translate well to aquatic animals. Herein, we provide guidelines on assessing drag from animal‐borne instruments and discuss the ecological impacts on marine organisms. Of particular concern is the effect of drag from instruments to the welfare of the animals and for the applicability of collected data to wild populations.

To help understand how drag from electronic tags affects marine animals in the wild, we used marine turtles as model aquatic organisms and conducted wind tunnel experiments to measure the fluid drag of various marine turtle body types with and without commercially available electronic tags (e.g. satellite, TDR, video cameras). We quantified the drag associated with carrying biotelemetry devices of varying frontal area and design (squared or tear drop shaped) and generated contour plots depicting percentage drag increase as a framework for evaluating tag drag by scientists and wildlife managers. Then, using concepts of fluid dynamics, we derived a universal equation estimating drag impacts from instruments across marine taxa.

The drag of the marine turtle casts was measured in wind speeds from 2 to 30 m s−1 (Re 3·0 × 104–1·9 × 106), equivalent to 0·1–1·9 m s−1 in seawater. The drag coefficient (CD) of the marine turtles ranged from 0·11 to 0·22, which is typical of other large, air‐breathing, marine vertebrates (0·08–0·26). The CD of tags in reference to the turtle casts was 0·91 ± 0·18 and most tags caused minimal additional drag (<5%) to adult animals, but the same devices increased the drag for juveniles significantly (>100%). The sensitivity of aquatic animals to instrument drag is a dynamic relationship between the fluid flow patterns, or CD, and the frontal area ratio of the animal and tag.

In this paper, we have outlined methods for quantifying the drag costs from animal‐borne instrumentation considering the instrument retention time (time to release from the animal) and the activity of the instrumented animal. With this valuable tool, researchers can quantify the drag costs from animal‐borne instrumentation and choose appropriate tags for their intended study organism and question. Reducing drag will ultimately reduce the impact on the instrumented animals and lead to greater biological realism in the collected data.
Prognostic molecular markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a New Zealand population: matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and sialyl Lewis x antigen
Authors: Gunawardena Indunil , Arendse Michael , Jameson Michael B. , Plank Lindsay D. , Gregor R. Theo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe survival rate for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the lowest of the major cancers and has not substantially improved in the past two decades. Tumours with similar histological features may have widely differing clinical outcomes and thus identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers may be valuable for determining appropriate clinical management strategies. The objective of this study was to establish the prognostic significance of six molecular markers in HNSCC in a New Zealand population: matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP‐2, MMP‐9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1, sialyl Lewis antigens a and x (sLea, sLex) and alpha B‐crystallin.MethodsRetrospective review of 145 sequential HNSCC patients from a tertiary centre with minimum 3 years surveillance. Sections from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumour blocks were immunostained for the molecular markers and scored. Cox regression modelling was used to adjust for potential confounding variables impacting on cancer survival.ResultsMultivariate analysis for individual biomarkers, controlling for age, sex, tumour grade, N‐stage, T‐stage, tumour site, smoking history and alcohol use, revealed poorer survival with tumour expression of MMP‐2 (hazard ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–3.52, P = 0.021) and sLex (hazard ratio = 3.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.33–7.80, P = 0.010). A stepwise analysis showed that MMP‐2 and sLex were independently prognostic after covariate adjustment.ConclusionsMMP‐2 and sLex were negative prognostic markers for survival in these HNSCC patients. This offers opportunities for clinical trials to reduce the risk of nodal and distant metastases through blocking tumour cell adhesion to endothelium.
Minimally Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Explantation After Cardiac Recovery: Surgical Technical Considerations
Authors: Schmitto Jan D. , Rojas Sebastian V. , Hanke Jasmin S. , Avsar Murat , Haverich Axel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe new generation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has enabled minimally invasive surgical procedures for implantation. Herein we present two alternative approaches for minimally invasive LVAD explantation following cardiac recovery, avoiding a sternotomy and improving patient safety.