bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African American Issues in Geriatric Psychiatry: A Perspective on Research Opportunities
Authors: Cohen Gene D. 
Published: March 2014

Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors influencing mental health in later life are important to study in their own right. However, they also offer an opportunity to expand our understanding of mental health and mental illness in older adults independent of race, ethnicity, or culture. Any time an opportunity arises to examine a problem from a different perspective, chances increase that new light will be shed on the problem. For example, while suicide is greatest in older Americans compared with any other US population group, it is less frequent in older blacks than older whites. Why? Among the different theories that have been advanced, one holds that older African Americans in reaching later life have surmounted more threats to self-esteem (compared with whites) and are thereby better adapted to new challenges associated with aging.1 Still, the discrepancy in suicide rates between older blacks and whites remains an important research question. In studying suicide with attention to racial and ethnic variables, the opportunity presents itself to gain a more fundamental understanding of suicide itself—to the benefit of all older adults, indeed to the benefit of all age groups. This paper focuses on some African American issues pertinent to geriatric psychiatry and identifies areas for further research. In addition to a selected literature review, the author draws on his own research from a 20-year longitudinal study, initiated in 1971, of a senior citizens' apartment building in Washington, DC, with a predominantly African American population.2 (1 = Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, Committee on Cultural Psychiatry: Suicide and Ethnicity in the United States. New York, Bruner/Mazel, 1989; and 2 = Cohen GD: Lessons from longitudinal studies of mentally ill and mentally healthy elderly: A 17-year perspective, in Bergener M, Finkel SI (eds): Clinical and Scientific Psychogeriatrics, Vol. 1. New York, Springer, 1990.)
The Earliest Signs of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Oppenheim Gerald 
Published: March 2014

Insufficient clarity of definition of the clinical features in the earliest stages of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) has impeded the execution of clinical and biologic studies into this major public health problem. Defining the earliest signs of a disease with such an insidious onset can prove to be a most elusive task, particularly in a disease whose very nature renders the patients' self-report unreliable. We therefore administered a structured interview to the close family caregivers of 83 patients with probable AD, in order to investigate the earliest perceived signs of illness in the patients. In 44 (53%) of patients, the earliest objective sign of change was not memory impairment. The initial sign of change was of a psychiatric type in 27 (32.5%); of a neurologic type in nine (10.9%); and of a noncoping type in eight (9.6%). Such nonmemory signs, as perceived by caregivers, preceded objective memory impairment by a mean of 1.8 years. In 39 patients (47%), memory impairment was the initial perceived sign of illness. These findings suggest thatthe earliest clinical manifestations of AD may, in many cases, significantly predate objective signs of memory impairment.
Sliding Fibular Graft Repair for the Treatment of Recurrent Peroneal Subluxation
Authors: Zhenbo Zuo , Jin Wang , Haifeng Gong , Huanting Li , Feng Chen , Ming Li 
Published: March 2014

Background: Because recurrent peroneal subluxation can produce functional impairment in athletes, most authors suggest operative intervention for patients who fail nonoperative treatment. The present report introduces the modified sliding fibular graft repair for this pathology. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical results for 26 patients with recurrent peroneal subluxation who underwent this procedure with a follow-up of a minimum of 3 years. Results: Intraoperative observations revealed 15 convex grooves and 11 shallow sulci with a low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly in 6 patients and a peroneus quartus muscle in 4 patients. All underwent the procedure plus excision of redundant muscle and tendon repair, with an improvement rate of 88.5% according to American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at the final visit. All but 3 patients returned to normal function in 4.4 months with no infection, nonunion, or intra-articular screw placement. A total of 8 patients had minor complications including neurapraxia, synovitis, stress fracture, and delayed union. Conclusion: We found that an anomalous fibular groove plus tendon variants could lead to a further decrease in the volume of the osteofibrous tunnel and might be the reason for recurrent peroneal dislocation; thus, our modified procedure may be a reasonable treatment for this pathological malposition. We found less functional recovery in aged patients due to a higher incidence of tendon tear and postoperative complications. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Radiological Morphology of Peritalar Instability in Varus and Valgus Tilted Ankles
Authors: Nosewicz Tomasz L. , Knupp Markus , Bolliger Lilianna , Henninger Heath B. , Barg Alexej , Hintermann Beat 
Published: March 2014

Background: Varus and valgus talar tilt in weight-bearing ankles can be explained by loss of peritalar stability allowing the talus to shift and rotate on the calcaneal and navicular surfaces. Little is known about the underlying destabilization process or the resulting talar malpositions. The purpose of this study was to determine talar position in 3 radiographic planes of varus and valgus tilted ankles. Methods: Standard weight-bearing radiographs of 126 varus ankles (118 patients [mean age 62 ± 12 years]) and 81 valgus ankles (75 patients [mean age 65 ± 10 years]) were retrospectively evaluated. The tibiotalar surface angle, sagittal talocalcaneal inclination angle, and horizontal talometatarsal I angle were used to determine the frontal, sagittal, and horizontal position of the talus. A control group was used for comparison. Results: Isolated talar varus malposition was found in 33.3% of the ankles (42/126), and malposition in 1 or both additional planes was found in 49.2% (62/126) and 17.5% (22/126), respectively. In valgus ankles, the percentages were 52% (42/81), 43% (35/81), and 5% (4/81), respectively. Seven out of 9 possible varus and 5 out of 9 possible valgus talar malposition configurations were found. The 4 predominant varus malposition configurations (89.7%, or 113/126) were dorsiflexion or neutral (sagittal plane) combined with neutral/external rotation and neutral/internal rotation (horizontal plane), respectively. The 3 predominant valgus malposition configurations (95%, or 77/81) were neutral or plantar flexion (sagittal plane) combined with neutral/external rotation and neutral (horizontal plane), respectively. Conclusion: In varus and valgus tilted ankles, talar frontal plane alignment does not predict talar sagittal and horizontal position, indicating that peritalar instability leads to various talar malpositions. Prior to operative treatment of varus and valgus tilted ankles, thorough 3-dimensional analysis of talar position may minimize failure in properly balancing the talus within the ankle mortise. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Tracking changes over time in retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Narayanan Divya , Cheng Han , Bonem Karlie N , Saenz Roberto , Tang Rosa A , Frishman Laura J 
Published: March 2014

Background: Neurodegeneration plays an important role in permanent disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine whether progressive neurodegeneration occurs in MS eyes without clinically evident inflammation. Methods: Retinal nerve fiver layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPT) were measured using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 133 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients (149 non-optic neuritis (ON), 97 ON eyes, last ON ≥6 months). Ninety-three patients were scanned at two visits. Percentages of abnormal GCIPT vs RNFLT (<5% of machine norms) in cross-sectional data were compared. Relations between RNFLT/GCIPT and MS duration (cross-sectional) and follow-up time (longitudinal) were assessed. Results: GCIPT was abnormal in more eyes than RNFLT (27% vs 16% p = 0.004 in non-ON, 82% vs 72% p = 0.007 in ON). RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with MS duration by −0.49 µm/yr ( p = 0.0001) and −0.36 ( p = 0.005) for non-ON; −0.52 ( p = 0.003) and −0.41 ( p = 0.007) for ON. RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with follow-up time by −1.49 µm/yr ( p < 0.0001) and −0.53 ( p = 0.004) for non-ON, −1.27 ( p = 0.002) and −0.49 ( p = 0.04) for ON. Conclusions: In RRMS eyes without clinically evident inflammation, progressive loss of RNFLT and GCIPT occurred, supporting the need for neuroprotection in addition to suppression of autoimmune responses and inflammation.
Fluoroscopically Guided Peritendinous Corticosteroid Injection for Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy
Authors: Nicholson Luke T. , DiSegna Steven , Newman Joel S. , Miller Suzanne L. 
Published: March 2014

Background: Proximal hamstring tendinopathy is an uncommon but debilitating cause of posterior thigh pain in athletes subjected to repetitive eccentric hamstring contraction, such as runners. Minimal data exist evaluating treatment options for proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Purpose: This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of fluoroscopically guided corticosteroid injections in treating proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Eighteen athletes with 22 cases of magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed proximal hamstring tendinopathy were treated with corticosteroid injection and later contacted to evaluate the efficacy of the injection with the use of a questionnaire. Results: The visual analog score decreased from 7.22 preinjection to 3.94 postinjection ( P < .001), level of athletic participation increased from 28.76% to 68.82% ( P < .001) at a mean follow-up of 21 months, and 38.8% of patients experienced complete resolution at a mean follow-up of 24.8 months. The mean lower extremity function score at the time of follow-up was 60. Conclusion: A trial of fluoroscopically guided corticosteroid injection is warranted in patients presenting with symptoms of proximal hamstring tendinopathy refractory to conservative therapy.
Peripheral blood monocyte-derived chemokine blockade prevents murine transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
Authors: McKenzie Christopher G. J. , Kim Michael , Singh Tarandeep K. , Milev Youli , Freedman John , Semple John W. 
Published: March 2014

Key PointsAnti-MHC antibodies that induce TRALI in a murine model first bind their cognate antigen and stimulate blood monocytes to secrete chemokines. Full TRALI induction (lung damage) requires a subsequent monocyte Fc-dependent process.
Global transcriptome analyses of human and murine terminal erythroid differentiation
Authors: An Xiuli , Schulz Vincent P. , Li Jie , Wu Kunlu , Liu Jing , Xue Fumin , Hu Jingping , Mohandas Narla , Gallagher Patrick G. 
Published: March 2014

Key PointsTranscriptome analyses of human and murine reveal significant stage and species-specific differences across stages of terminal erythroid differentiation. These transcriptomes provide a significant resource for understanding mechanisms of normal and perturbed erythropoiesis.
Evidence of MRSE on a gentamicin and vancomycin impregnated polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement spacer after two-stage exchange arthroplasty due to periprosthetic joint infection of the knee
Authors: Schmolders Jan , Hischebeth Gunnar TR , Friedrich Max J , Randau Thomas M , Wimmer Matthias D , Kohlhof Hendrik , Molitor Ernst , Gravius Sascha 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are often treated by two stage exchange with the use of an antibiotic impregnated spacer. Most of the two-stage exchange algorithms recommend the implantation of an antibiotic-impregnated spacer during the first stage for a period of 2–24 weeks before reimplantation of the new prosthesis. For the spacer to have a therapeutic effect, the local antibiotic concentration must be greater than the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) against the pathogens causing the PJI. It must remain so for the entire spacer period, otherwise recurrence of infection or resistances might occur. The question as to whether a sufficient concentration of antibiotics in vivo is reached for the entire spacer period has not been answered satisfactorily.

Case presentation
We here present a case of a histologically confirmed chronic PJI 20 month after primary arthroplasty. The primary knee arthroplasty was performed due to osteoarthritis of the joint. Initial assessment did not detect a causative pathogen, and two stage exchange with a vancomycin-gentamycin impregnated spacer was performed. At the time of reimplantation, sonication of the explanted spacer revealed a multi-resistant strain of staphylococcus epidermidis on the device and in the joint. Adaption of the therapy and prolonged treatment successfully eradicated the infection.

Conclusion
According to the authors’ knowledge, the case presented here confirms for the first time the surface contamination (proven through sonication) of a vancomycin-/gentamicin- impregnated Vancogenx®-spacer with a MRSE after ten weeks of implantation.
This case study demonstrates the difficulties still associated with the diagnostics of PJI and the published different two stage treatment regimes with the use of antibiotic impregnated spacers.
Secular trends of low birthweight and macrosomia and related maternal factors in Beijing, China: a longitudinal trend analysis
Authors: Shan Xiaoyi , Chen Fangfang , Wang Wenpeng , Zhao Juan , Teng Yue , Wu Minghui , Teng Honghong , Zhang Xue , Qi Hong , Liu Xiaohong , Tan Chunying , Mi Jie 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Information tracking changes of birthweight is scarce in China. To examine trends of low birthweight (birthweight < 2500 g) and macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4000 g) and potential risk factors in Beijing, hospital records from two major obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in urban districts in Beijing were analyzed.

Methods
Hospital records from 1996 to 2010 were retrieved. Information of prenatal examination and birth outcomes was entered into a structured database. Live births were used for trend analysis. Information of live births in 2010 was used to identify potential risk factors.

Results
A total of 63 661 live births were delivered during 1996–2010 in the study hospitals. The average birthweight increased from 3271 g in 1996 to 3 359 g in 2000 and slightly declined to 3 331 in 2010. The percentage of low birthweight fluctuated around 4.0%. No significant increase or decrease was observed. Preterm birth was the main cause of low birthweight, accounting for more than 73% of low birthweight. The average percentage of macrosomia was 7.6%. The percentages of macrosomia increased from 6.6% in 1996 to 9.5% in 2000 and declined to 7.0% in 2010. Excessive gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes were significantly associated with macrosomia.

Conclusions
Continuously monitoring abnormal birthweight is needed and intervention should focus on appropriate gestational weight gain and reduction of preterm birth and gestational diabetes.
Inhibition of G Protein-Coupled P2Y2 Receptor Induced Analgesia in a Rat Model of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Li Na , Lu Zhan-Ying , Yu Li-Hua , Burnstock Geoffrey , Deng Xiao-Ming , Ma Bei 
Published: March 2014

Backgrouds: ATP and P2X receptors play important roles in the modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain, while the role of G protein-coupled P2Y2 receptors and the underlying mechanisms are less clear. The threshold and frequency of action potentials, fast inactivating transient K+ channels (IA) are important regulators of membrane excitability in sensory neurons because of its vital role in the control of the spike onset. In this study, pain behavior tests, QT-RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and patch-clamp recording, were used to investigate the role of P2Y2 receptors in pain behaviour. Results: In control rats: 1) UTP, an agonist of P2Y2/P2Y4 receptors, caused a significant decrease in the mean threshold intensities for evoking action potentials and a striking increase in the mean number of spikes evoked by TG neurons. 2) UTP significantly inhibited IA and the expression of Kv1.4, Kv3.4 and Kv4.2 subunits in TG neurons, which could be reversed by the P2 receptor antagonist suramin and the ERK antagonist U0126. In ION-CCI (chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve) rats: 1) mRNA levels of Kv1.4, Kv3.4 and Kv4.2 subunits were significantly decreased, while the protein level of phosphorylated ERK was significantly increased. 2) When blocking P2Y2 receptors by suramin or injection of P2Y2R antisense oligodeoxynucleotides both led to a time- and dose-dependent reverse of allodynia in ION-CCI rats. 3) Injection of P2Y2 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides induced a pronounced decrease in phosphorylated ERK expression and a significant increase in Kv1.4, Kv3.4 and Kv4.2 subunit expression in trigeminal ganglia. Conclusions: Our data suggest that inhibition of P2Y2 receptors leads to down-regulation of ERK-mediated phosphorylation and increase of the expression of IA–related Kv channels in trigeminal ganglion neurons, which might contribute to the clinical treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
Rituximab Plus Chlorambucil As First-Line Treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Final Analysis of an Open-Label Phase II Study
Authors: Hillmen Peter , Gribben John G. , Follows George A. , Milligan Donald , Sayala Hazem A. , Moreton Paul , Oscier David G. , Dearden Claire E. , Kennedy Daniel B. , Pettitt Andrew R. , Nathwani Amit , Varghese Abraham , Cohen Dena , Rawstron Andy , Oertel Stephan , Pocock Christopher F.E. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are elderly and/or have comorbidities that may make them ineligible for fludarabine-based treatment. For this population, chlorambucil monotherapy is an appropriate therapeutic option; however, response rates with chlorambucil are low, and more effective treatments are needed. This trial was designed to assess how the addition of rituximab to chlorambucil (R-chlorambucil) would affect safety and efficacy in patients with CLL. Patients and Methods Patients with first-line CLL were treated with rituximab (375 mg/m2 on day 1, cycle one, and 500 mg/m2 thereafter) plus chlorambucil (10 mg/m2/d all cycles; day 1 through 7) for six 28-day cycles. For patients not achieving complete response (CR), six additional cycles of chlorambucil alone could be administered. The primary end point of the study was safety. Results A total of 100 patients were treated with R-chlorambucil, with a median follow-up of 30 months. Median age of patients was 70 years (range, 43 to 86 years), with patients having a median of seven comorbidities. Hematologic toxicities accounted for most grade 3/4 adverse events reported, with neutropenia and lymphopenia both occurring in 41% of patients and leukopenia in 23%. Overall response rates were 84%, with CR achieved in 10% of patients. Median progression-free survival was 23.5 months; median overall survival was not reached. Conclusion These results compare favorably with previously published results for chlorambucil monotherapy, suggesting that the addition of rituximab to chlorambucil may improve efficacy with no unexpected adverse events. R-chlorambucil may improve outcome for patients who are ineligible for fludarabine-based treatments.
Electrochemical Characterization of Azolium Salts
Authors: Ogawa Kelli A , Boydston Andrew J 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Redox properties of a series of azolium salts, including benzothiazolium, thiazolinium, thiazolium, triazolium, imidazolium, and imidazolinium salts, have been systematically investigated. The series includes a broad range of N-arylthiazolium salts that collectively demonstrate the ability to fine-tune the reduction potential of the thiazolium ring via electronic modification of the N-aryl moiety. Additionally, a novel class of N-arylthiazolinium salts has been synthesized and characterized. In contrast to what has been observed for imidazolium and imidazolinium counterparts, saturation of the thiazolium backbone to give thiazolinium salts results in a more facile electrochemical reduction.
New Technologies Adoption and Diffusion Patterns in Developing Countries. An Empirical Study for the Period 2000-2011
Authors: Lechman Ewa 
Published: March 2014

In recent years, enormous changes are noted worldwide during broad adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). These unique technologies – often perceived as economic development incentives – have a great ability to spread at high pace and low cost in countries all over the world, bringing people opportunities to contribute to economic development and growth. New Technologies play a special role in developing countries, where their in-country adoption lies in the centre of development strategies. ICT are treated as tools which bring people access to information, education and knowledge, offering unlimited possibilities for wealth-creation. The paper, purely empirical in nature, reports on the pace of adoption of new Information and Communication Technologies in developing countries, and – additionally – investigates country-specific ICT diffusion patterns. We expect to uncover the S-shape curve in the diffusion process in most of developing countries, as well as in the whole country sample. For the analysis purposes, we apply all counties which – according to the World Bank nomenclature – are classified as low-income and lower-middle-income econ- omies. Our sample covers 46 countries (upper-middle-income and high-income economies are excluded from the study purposefully) which are classified as developing economies. The time framework is set for the period of 2000-2011. All data necessary for the analysis are derived from World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2012 (16th edition).
Knowledge Creation in International Scientific Networks on Example of NetAware Intensive Programme
Authors: Matusiewicz Justyna , Smyczek Sławomir 
Published: March 2014

The knowledge-based economy analyzes economic organization and development when the creation, distribution and use of knowledge become decisive factors. To become a successful knowledge economies, countries must act simultaneously on their education base, their innovation systems and their information and communication technology infrastructure, while also building a high-quality economic and institutional regime. The institutions for higher education are the main figures for the successful transition to a knowledge based economy and society. Their cooperation activities with the neighboring countries and the countries within their wider vicinity are an important priority for breaking the university isolation from what happens in the civil society, as well as the other structural problems, like the outdated curricula and skills of teachers. This paper focuses on international scientific networks as an example of tool created in order to stimulate the use of new knowledge. The main objective of the paper is to identify: 1) the knowledge creation and transfer processes in ISC 2) influence of that processes on the participants of the ISC. The methodology utilized in this study is qualitative and exploratory. Re- sults of research shows the process of knowledge creation and transfer on the example of NetAware Intensive Programme and the project evaluation results.