bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with functional incapacity in elders living in long stay institutions in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mattos Inês Echenique , do Carmo Cleber Nascimento , Santiago Lívia Maria , Luz Laércio Lima 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The increase of the elderly population and the high prevalence of chronic diseases have contributed to the increasing importance of functional ability as a global public health problem. This study aimed to assess functional capacity in institutionalized elders, as well as undertake an exploratory analysis of its associated factors.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study with institutionalized Brazilian elders. Functional capacity was assessed using the Katz Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Lawton Scale for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). The characteristics of dependent individuals were described and logistic regression models were developed for both scales. Multiple models that included all selected variables were developed using a hierarchical approach. We considered the results from the Wald test (p < 0.05) as a rule for progressing to the next level.

Results
A population of 760 elders was considered. The prevalence of dependence was 50.3% for ADL and 81.2% for IADL. We observed associations between ADL dependence and the following factors: self-report of stroke, difficulty of walking 400 meters, lower total scores in questions related to the temporal orientation section of the cognition test, and self-reports of frequently feeling upset. IADL dependence was associated with educational level, self-report of cancer, difficulty of walking 400 meters, use of glasses, and self-reported memory problems.

Conclusions
Sociodemographic and health conditions were associated with functional incapacity in institutionalized elders. Based on these findings, we emphasize the importance of both prevention and treatment of chronic conditions as well as social support in the maintenance of individuals’ autonomy.
Allergic sensitization: host‐immune factors
Authors: van Ree Ronald , Hummelshøj Lone , Plantinga Maud , Poulsen Lars K , Swindle Emily 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAllergic sensitization is the outcome of a complex interplay between the allergen and the host in a given environmental context. The first barrier encountered by an allergen on its way to sensitization is the mucosal epithelial layer. Allergic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by increased permeability of the epithelium, which is more susceptible to environmental triggers. Allergens and co‐factors from the environment interact with innate immune receptors, such as Toll‐like and protease‐activated receptors on epithelial cells, stimulating them to produce cytokines that drive T‐helper 2‐like adaptive immunity in allergy‐prone individuals. In this milieu, the next cells interacting with allergens are the dendritic cells lying just underneath the epithelium: plasmacytoid DCs, two types of conventional DCs (CD11b + and CD11b‐), and monocyte‐derived DCs. It is now becoming clear that CD11b+, cDCs, and moDCs are the inflammatory DCs that instruct naïve T cells to become Th2 cells. The simple paradigm of non‐overlapping stable Th1 and Th2 subsets of T‐helper cells is now rapidly being replaced by that of a more complex spectrum of different Th cells that together drive or control different aspects of allergic inflammation and display more plasticity in their cytokine profiles. At present, these include Th9, Th17, Th22, and Treg, in addition to Th1 and Th2. The spectrum of co‐stimulatory signals coming from DCs determines which subset‐characteristics will dominate. When IL‐4 and/or IL‐13 play a dominant role, B cells switch to IgE‐production, a process that is more effective at young age. IgE‐producing plasma cells have been shown to be long‐lived, hiding in the bone‐marrow or inflammatory tissues where they cannot easily be targeted by therapeutic intervention. Allergic sensitization is a complex interplay between the allergen in its environmental context and the tendency of the host's innate and adaptive immune cells to be skewed towards allergic inflammation. These data and findings were presented at a 2012 international symposium in Prague organized by the Protein Allergenicity Technical Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute.
Allergic sensitization: screening methods
Authors: Ladics Gregory S , Fry Jeremy , Goodman Richard , Herouet‐Guicheney Corinne , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber Karin , Madsen Charlotte B , Penninks André , Pomés Anna , Roggen Erwin L , Smit Joost , Wal Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExperimental in silico, in vitro, and rodent models for screening and predicting protein sensitizing potential are discussed, including whether there is evidence of new sensitizations and allergies since the introduction of genetically modified crops in 1996, the importance of linear versus conformational epitopes, and protein families that become allergens. Some common challenges for predicting protein sensitization are addressed: (a) exposure routes; (b) frequency and dose of exposure; (c) dose‐response relationships; (d) role of digestion, food processing, and the food matrix; (e) role of infection; (f) role of the gut microbiota; (g) influence of the structure and physicochemical properties of the protein; and (h) the genetic background and physiology of consumers. The consensus view is that sensitization screening models are not yet validated to definitively predict the de novo sensitizing potential of a novel protein. However, they would be extremely useful in the discovery and research phases of understanding the mechanisms of food allergy development, and may prove fruitful to provide information regarding potential allergenicity risk assessment of future products on a case by case basis. These data and findings were presented at a 2012 international symposium in Prague organized by the Protein Allergenicity Technical Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute.
Phylogenetic analysis of newly isolated grass carp reovirus
Authors: Yan Xiu-ying , Wang Ya , Xiong Ling-fang , Jian Ji-chang , Wu Zao-he 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a causative agent of haemorrhagic disease in grass carp that drastically affects grass carp aquaculture. Here we report a novel GCRV isolate isolated from sick grass carp that induces obvious cytopathic effect in CIK cells and name it as GCRV096. A large number of GCRV 096 viral particles were found in the infected CIK cells by electron microscope. The shape, size and the arrangement of this virus were similar to those of grass carp reovirus. With the primers designed according to GCRV 873 genome sequences, specific bands were amplified from sick grass carp and the infected CIK cells. The homology rates among vp4, vp6 and vp7 gene in GCRV 096 and those of some GCRV isolates were over 89%. In this study, the sequences of vp4, vp6 and vp7 were used to analyse sequence variation, phylogenetic relationships and genotypes in twenty five GCRV isolates. The results indicated these twenty five GCRV isolates should be attributed to four genotypes. And there were no obvious characteristics in the geographical distribution of GCRV genotype. The study should provide the exact foundation for developing more effective prevention strategies of grass carp haemorrhagic disease.
Results of a Multicenter, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Combination of Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Tigecycline in High-Risk Hematologic Patients With Cancer With Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Bucaneve Giampaolo , Micozzi Alessandra , Picardi Marco , Ballanti Stelvio , Cascavilla Nicola , Salutari Prassede , Specchia Giorgina , Fanci Rosa , Luppi Mario , Cudillo Laura , Cantaffa Renato , Milone Giuseppe , Bocchia Monica , Martinelli Giovanni , Offidani Massimo , Chierichini Anna , Fabbiano Francesco , Quarta Giovanni , Primon Valeria , Martino Bruno , Manna Annunziata , Zuffa Eliana , Ferrari Antonella , Gentile Giuseppe , Foà Robin , Del Favero Albano 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Empiric antibiotic monotherapy is considered the standard of treatment for febrile neutropenic patients with cancer, but this approach may be inadequate because of the increasing prevalence of infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Patients and Methods In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, superiority trial, adult, febrile, high-risk neutropenic patients (FhrNPs) with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to receive piperacillin/tazobactam (4.5 g intravenously every 8 hours) with or without tigecycline (50 mg intravenously every 12 hours; loading dose 100 mg). The primary end point was resolution of febrile episode without modifications of the initial allocated treatment. Results Three hundred ninety FhrNPs were enrolled (combination/monotherapy, 187/203) and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (ITTA). The ITTA revealed a successful outcome in 67.9% v 44.3% of patients who had received combination therapy and monotherapy, respectively (127/187 v 90/203; absolute difference in risk (adr), 23.6%; 95% CI, 14% to 33%; P < .001). The combination regimen proved better than monotherapy in bacteremias (adr, 32.8%; 95% CI, 19% to 46%; P < .001) and in clinically documented infections (adr, 36%; 95% CI, 9% to 64%; P < .01). Mortality and number of adverse effects were limited and similar in the two groups. Conclusion The combination of piperacillin/tazobactam and tigecycline is safe, well tolerated, and more effective than piperacillin/tazobactam alone in febrile, high-risk, neutropenic hematologic patients with cancer. In epidemiologic settings characterized by a high prevalence of infections because of MDR microorganisms, this combination could be considered as one of the first-line empiric antibiotic therapies.
Doxepin Rinse Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Acute Oral Mucositis Pain in Patients Receiving Head and Neck Radiotherapy With or Without Chemotherapy: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial (NCCTG-N09C6 [Alliance])
Authors: Leenstra James L. , Miller Robert C. , Qin Rui , Martenson James A. , Dornfeld Kenneth J. , Bearden James D. , Puri Dev R. , Stella Philip J. , Mazurczak Miroslaw A. , Klish Marie D. , Novotny Paul J. , Foote Robert L. , Loprinzi Charles L. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Painful oral mucositis (OM) is a significant toxicity during radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to test the efficacy of doxepin hydrochloride in the reduction of radiotherapy-induced OM pain. Patients and Methods In all, 155 patients were randomly allocated to a doxepin oral rinse or a placebo for the treatment of radiotherapy-related OM pain. Patients received a single dose of doxepin or placebo on day 1 and then crossed over to receive the opposite agent on a subsequent day. Pain questionnaires were administered at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes. Patients were then given the option to continue doxepin. The primary end point was pain reduction as measured by the area under the curve (AUC) of the pain scale using data from day 1. Results Primary end point analysis revealed that the AUC for mouth and throat pain reduction was greater for doxepin (−9.1) than for placebo (−4.7; P < .001). Crossover analysis of patients completing both phases confirmed that patients experienced greater mouth and throat pain reduction with doxepin (intrapatient changes of 4.1 for doxepin-placebo arm and −2.8 for placebo-doxepin arm; P < .001). Doxepin was associated with more stinging or burning, unpleasant taste, and greater drowsiness than the placebo rinse. More patients receiving doxepin expressed a desire to continue treatment than did patients with placebo after completion of each of the randomized phases of the study. Conclusion A doxepin rinse diminishes OM pain. Further studies are warranted to determine its role in the management of OM.
Screening, Assessment, and Management of Fatigue in Adult Survivors of Cancer: An American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Adaptation
Authors: Bower Julienne E. , Bak Kate , Berger Ann , Breitbart William , Escalante Carmelita P. , Ganz Patricia A. , Schnipper Hester Hill , Lacchetti Christina , Ligibel Jennifer A. , Lyman Gary H. , Ogaily Mohammed S. , Pirl William F. , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose This guideline presents screening, assessment, and treatment approaches for the management of adult cancer survivors who are experiencing symptoms of fatigue after completion of primary treatment. Methods A systematic search of clinical practice guideline databases, guideline developer Web sites, and published health literature identified the pan-Canadian guideline on screening, assessment, and care of cancer-related fatigue in adults with cancer, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Cancer-Related Fatigue and the NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship. These three guidelines were appraised and selected for adaptation. Results It is recommended that all patients with cancer be evaluated for the presence of fatigue after completion of primary treatment and be offered specific information and strategies for fatigue management. For those who report moderate to severe fatigue, comprehensive assessment should be conducted, and medical and treatable contributing factors should be addressed. In terms of treatment strategies, evidence indicates that physical activity interventions, psychosocial interventions, and mind-body interventions may reduce cancer-related fatigue in post-treatment patients. There is limited evidence for use of psychostimulants in the management of fatigue in patients who are disease free after active treatment. Conclusion Fatigue is prevalent in cancer survivors and often causes significant disruption in functioning and quality of life. Regular screening, assessment, and education and appropriate treatment of fatigue are important in managing this distressing symptom. Given the multiple factors contributing to post-treatment fatigue, interventions should be tailored to each patient's specific needs. In particular, a number of nonpharmacologic treatment approaches have demonstrated efficacy in cancer survivors.
Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation – towards a spatiotemporal–functional analysis of proteins, and the ablation of chromatin, organelle and cell function
Authors: Sano Yukimi , Watanabe Wataru , Matsunaga Sachihiro 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Chromophore-assisted laser or light inactivation (CALI) has been employed as a promising technique to achieve spatiotemporal knockdown or loss-of-function of target molecules in situ. CALI is performed using photosensitizers as generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There are two CALI approaches that use either transgenic tags with chemical photosensitizers, or genetically encoded fluorescent protein fusions. Using spatially restricted microscopy illumination, CALI can address questions regarding, for example, protein isoforms, subcellular localization or phase-specific analyses of multifunctional proteins that other knockdown approaches, such as RNA interference or treatment with chemicals, cannot. Furthermore, rescue experiments can clarify the phenotypic capabilities of CALI after the depletion of endogenous targets. CALI can also provide information about individual events that are involved in the function of a target protein and highlight them in multifactorial events. Beyond functional analysis of proteins, CALI of nuclear proteins can be performed to induce cell cycle arrest, chromatin- or locus-specific DNA damage. Even at organelle level – such as in mitochondria, the plasma membrane or lysosomes – CALI can trigger cell death. Moreover, CALI has emerged as an optogenetic tool to switch off signaling pathways, including the optical depletion of individual neurons. In this Commentary, we review recent applications of CALI and discuss the utility and effective use of CALI to address open questions in cell biology.
Efficacy of a massage roller combined with cooling lotion in the prevention of calf muscle cramps
Authors: Körber K. , Schmidt F.-P. 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungIn dieser offenen Anwendungsbeobachtung wurde an 208 Patienten über 4 Wochen geprüft, ob die Kombination des Massagerollers mit der Waden Massage Pflegelotion die Anzahl der Waden- und Fußkrämpfe senken kann. Zur Prophylaxe wurden täglich über mindestens 5 Minuten die betroffenen Muskeln ausgehend von der Großzehe in Rich-tung der Leiste mit dem Massageroller mit mäßig bis mittelstarkem Druck ausgerollt. Bei 151 Patienten zeigte sich eine deutliche Besserung, indem die Frequenz der Wadenkrämpfe um mehr als die Hälfte abnahm bzw. keine Wadenkrämpfe mehr auftraten. Auch die Krampflänge nahm durch Anwendung des Massagerollers bei einem aktuellen Wadenkrampf ab. Die Häufigkeit und Stärke wurde in einem Fragebogen dokumentiert. Schwangere, jüngere Patienten, solche mit Venenerkrankungen und Männer in jedem sowie Frauen im mittleren Alter profitierten von der Anwendung des Massagerollers am besten.
Ultrasound of the nerves and clinical implications
Authors: Mendoza E. 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungMit modernen Schallgeräten können die Nerven in der Nähe der Venen ohne weiteres während der Untersuchung gesehen werden. Sie spielen besonders bei der Therapie der Vena saphena parva (VSP) eine Rolle. Hier kann durch Verletzung des N. peroneus eine Fußheberparese verursacht werden (1). Außerdem können Pathologien der Nerven bei genauer Beobachtung gefunden werden, wie Varizen des N. ischiadicus (2). Weniger relevant für die Therapieplanung der Varikose ist der N. femoralis in der Leiste.Dieser Beitrag soll die Sonomorphologie der Nerven beleuchten und im Fall des Nervus peroneus ein Beispiel zur endoluminalen Therapie der V. saphena parva unter Schonung desselben mit Tumeszenz zeigen. Die Nervenbinnenstruktur selbst kann aber auch pathologisch sein, so gezeigt beim Beispiel eines Nerv-Ödems als Begleiterscheinung einer Poplitealvenenthrombose.
Characteristic skin changes in CVI
Authors: Schnabl S. , Busch C. 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungIm phlebologischen Alltag ist die CVI aufgrund der sie typischerweise begleitenden Stadien-abhängigen Hautveränderungen häufig eine Blickdiagnose, die für die therapeutische Entscheidungsfindung durch apparative Diagnostik bestätigt und spezifiziert wird. Gerade im Hinblick auf die beiden häufigsten Stadieneinteilungen der CVI (nach Widmer bzw. der CEAP-Klassifikation) spielt die klinische Erscheinung eine wesentliche Rolle. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die charakteristischen Hautveränderungen der unterschiedlichen Stadien der CVI und soll den klinischen Blick für die Diagnose der CVI schulen.
U.S. National Security Culture: From Queer Psychopathology to Queer Citizenship
Authors: Bean Hamilton 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The case of Chelsea Manning represents both continuity and change in the history of U.S. national security culture. Manning’s stated motives are similar to the motives of other national security leakers; however, pre-court-martial media discourse (June 2010–January 2012) often emphasizes Manning’s sexual orientation, implying that queer psychopathology uniquely explains her decision to provide classified material to WikiLeaks. Such commentary reflects and reinforces the persistent institutional and cultural myth that homosexuality endangers national security. Manning’s case, however, suggests opportunities for the development of queer citizenship within U.S. national security affairs.
Applying the Superposition Procedure for the Harmonic Sharing Responsibility between Renewable Energy Power Plants and the Network
Authors: Santos Ivan N. , Oliveira José C. , Ribeiro Paulo F. , Reis Alex , Santos Andréia C. , Gondim Isaque N. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources with nonlinear characteristics, such as wind and photovoltaic power plants, demands a clear procedure for harmonic sharing responsibility between this new kind of generation and the network at the point of common coupling. In fact, there are in literature many procedures regarding the determination of responsibility for violating harmonic distortion limits. Among these proposals, the methodology based on the superposition principle has been one of the most promising procedures. In this context, the present paper is focused on a procedure that applies the superposition methodology to find the harmonic sharing responsibility between a wind power plant and the utility network. To exemplify this application, a case study is performed and analyzed.
Optimal Signal Extraction with Correlated Components
Authors: McElroy Tucker S. , Maravall Agustin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWhile it is typical in the econometric signal extraction literature to assume that the unobserved signal and noise components are uncorrelated, there is nevertheless an interest among econometricians in the hypothesis of hysteresis, i.e. that major movements in the economy are fundamentally linked. While specific models involving correlated signal and noise innovation sequences have been developed and applied using state space methods, there is no systematic treatment of optimal signal extraction with correlated components. This paper provides the mean square error optimal formulas for both finite samples and bi-infinite samples and furthermore relates these filters to the more well-known Wiener–Kolmogorov (WK) and Beveridge–Nelson (BN) signal extraction formulas in the case of ARIMA component models. Then we obtain the result that the optimal filter for correlated components can be viewed as a weighted linear combination of the WK and BN filters. The gain and phase functions of the resulting filters are plotted for some standard cases. Some discussion of estimation of hysteretic models is presented, along with empirical results on an economic time series. Comparisons are made between signal extractions from traditional WK filters and those arising from the hysteretic models.