bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landmark detection methods for in-pipe robot traveling in urban gas pipelines
Authors: Lee Dong-Hyuk , Moon Hyungpil , Choi Hyouk Ryeol 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYElbows and branches in pipelines produce unique image patterns, which can be used as landmarks for autonomous navigation inside the pipelines. This paper presents two landmark detection methods, known as shadow-based method and laser projection method. The first method uses the landmark's unique patterns of shadow produced by the robot's illuminator. The other method exploits special line features generated by its own line-laser beam projector. The basic algorithms for extracting the landmarks are given and special sensor mechanisms are addressed respectively. Finally, the detection performances of each method are validated in various pipeline conditions by using an in-pipe robot, called MRINSPECT-V.
Fault tolerance criteria and walking capability analysis of a novel parallel-parallel hexapod break walking robot
Authors: Pan Yang , Gao Feng , Du Hui 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYFault tolerance is a very important issue for legged robots, especially in some harsh environments. One of the most fragile parts is the actuation system. There are two common faults of robot actuators: (1) the motor is locked and could not move anymore; (2) the motor is uncontrollable and can be treated as a passive joint. In this paper, we first discuss all fault combinations of a single leg of a hexapod walking robot with parallel-parallel mechanism topology. Then, the leg tolerable criterion is brought out, which defines whether a leg is fault tolerant. After that, the fault tolerance of the whole robot is researched, and we found that the robot can walk with one tolerable leg or two opposite tolerable legs. Finally, relative simulation results are given, which show the robot walk with one or two broken legs.
A serial of novel four degrees of freedom parallel mechanisms with large rotational workspace
Authors: Guo Sheng , Ye Wei , Qu Haibo , Zhang Dan , Fang Yuefa 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, a class of novel four Degrees of Freedom (DOF) non-overconstrained parallel mechanisms with large rotational workspace is presented based on screw theory. First, the conflict between the number of independent constraints applied on the moving platform and the number of kinematic limbs for 4-DOF non-overconstrained parallel mechanism is identified. To solve this conflict, the platform partition method is introduced, and two secondary platforms are employed in each of the parallel mechanisms. Then, the motion requirements of the secondary platforms are analyzed and all the possible kinematic chains are enumerated. The geometrical assembly conditions of all possible secondary limbs are analyzed and some typical non-overconstrained parallel mechanisms are generated. In each of the parallel mechanisms, a planetary gear train is used to connect both of the secondary platforms. The large rotational workspace of the moving platform is obtained due to the relative motion of the two secondary platforms. Finally, the kinematics analysis of a typical parallel mechanism is conducted.
Suboptimal Decision Making in Borderline Personality Disorder: Effect of Potential Losses
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Juan P. , Weller Joshua A. , López-Navarro Jose M. , Martínez-Selva Jose M. , Bechara Antoine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis research explored the underlying processes mediating risky decisions for individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). We tested whether BPD patients were more apt to take risks compared to a matched comparison group. We used two controlled tasks designed to assess risky decision-making, both to achieve gains and to avoid losses. Overall, BPD patients showed increased risk-taking compared to the comparison group (p = .011, η2 = .224), and were especially likely to be risk-seeking when the decision was framed as a potential loss (p < .0001, d = 1.77). When the outcome involved pure losses, BPD patients were insensitive to the relative expected value between choice options resulting in suboptimal decision making (p = .004, d = 1.24), but did not differ from the comparison group when taking risks to achieve gains (p = .603, d = 0.21). We discuss these results in the context of behavioral and neuropsychiatric research suggesting abnormalities BPD patients’ ability to effectively regulate affect.
Optimal Number of Strata for the Stratified Methods in Computerized Adaptive Testing
Authors: Barrada Juan Ramón , Abad Francisco José , Olea Julio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTest security can be a major problem in computerized adaptive testing, as examinees can share information about the items they receive. Of the different item selection rules proposed to alleviate this risk, stratified methods are among those that have received most attention. In these methods, only low discriminative items can be presented at the beginning of the test and the mean information of the items increases as the test goes on. To do so, the item bank must be divided into several strata according to the information of the items. To date, there is no clear guidance about the optimal number of strata into which the item bank should be split. In this study, we will simulate conditions with different numbers of strata, from 1 (no stratification) to a number of strata equal to test length (maximum level of stratification) while manipulating the maximum exposure rate that no item should surpass (rmax) in its whole domain. In this way, we can plot the relation between test security and accuracy, making it possible to determine the number of strata that leads to better security while holding constant measurement accuracy. Our data indicates that the best option is to stratify into as many strata as possible.
Mental Associations Between Law and Competitiveness: a Cross-Cultural Investigation
Authors: Aguilar Pilar , Callan Mitchell J. , Dawtry Rael J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrevious research suggests that individuals from countries that adopt an adversarial legal system, such as Canada or United Kingdom, mentally associate “law” more strongly with concepts related to competition than concepts related to cooperation. We examined whether people from a country with a non-adversarial legal system show similar mental associations. Participants from Spain and the UK completed a Single-Category Implicit Association Test. Spanish participants mentally associated the law with competition less strongly than participants from the UK (the average D-score was significantly greater than zero in the predicted direction, t(189) = 8.16, p < .001; d=1.18). Exploratory analysis also suggested that this difference between the countries was stronger among participants who believed that the method of legal practice in their own country was more adversarial. Moreover, perceiving the legal system as adversarial predicted automatic associations between law and competition for UK but not for Spanish participants. These findings suggest that legal system plays a relevant role in shaping not only individuals’ actions, but their cognitive processes.
Charakteristika der meist zitierten englischsprachigen Zeitschriftenbeiträge der Publikationsjahre 1981 bis 2010 aus der Psychologie der deutschsprachigen Länder
Authors: Krampen Günter , Schui Gabriel , Ferring Dieter , Bauer Hans P. W. 
Published: July 2014

Präsentiert werden die Befunde einer publikationsbasierten Zitationsanalyse für 28.383 englischsprachige Zeitschriftenbeiträge, die aus der Psychologie der deutschsprachigen Länder zwischen 1981 und 2010 publiziert wurden. Verwendet wurde das Web of Science, von dem knapp 90 % dieser Publikationen abgedeckt werden. Die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Fremdzitations-Anzahl ist extrem linksschief verteilt und zeigt, dass zirka 20 % dieser Publikationen nie, 60 % zwischen 1 Mal und 22 Mal und 20 % mehr als 22 Mal von anderen Autoren zitiert werden. Das Alter der Publikation und die Zitationsanzahl sind signifikant, aber numerisch niedrig rangkorreliert. Nach dem daher vertretbaren Kriterium der Anzahl der Fremdzitationen pro Jahr seit Drucklegung des Beitrages wurden die 107 meist zitierten Beiträge (TOP-107) identifiziert, die die ersten 48 Rangplätze belegen. Deren Charakteristika werden mit Bezug auf die (Ko‐)Autorenschaften, deren Internationalität, die vertretenen psychologischen Teildisziplinen und die Studienart (z. B. empirisch versus nicht-empirisch) beschrieben. Die Beschränkungen und die Möglichkeiten von Zitationsanalysen werden diskutiert, wobei ihre rationale Integration in empirisch gestützte Peer-Review-Prozeduren favorisiert wird.
Prion neuropathology follows the accumulation of alternate prion protein isoforms after infective titre has peaked
Authors: Sandberg Malin K. , Al-Doujaily Huda , Sharps Bernadette , De Oliveira Michael Wiggins , Schmidt Christian , Richard-Londt Angela , Lyall Sarah , Linehan Jacqueline M. , Brandner Sebastian , Wadsworth Jonathan D. F. , Clarke Anthony R. , Collinge John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrions are lethal infectious agents thought to consist of multi-chain forms (PrPSc) of misfolded cellular prion protein (PrPC). Prion propagation proceeds in two distinct mechanistic phases: an exponential phase 1, which rapidly reaches a fixed level of infectivity irrespective of PrPC expression level, and a plateau (phase 2), which continues until clinical onset with duration inversely proportional to PrPC expression level. We hypothesized that neurotoxicity relates to distinct neurotoxic species produced following a pathway switch when prion levels saturate. Here we show a linear increase of proteinase K-sensitive PrP isoforms distinct from classical PrPSc at a rate proportional to PrPC concentration, commencing at the phase transition and rising until clinical onset. The unaltered level of total PrP during phase 1, when prion infectivity increases a million-fold, indicates that prions comprise a small minority of total PrP. This is consistent with PrPC concentration not being rate limiting to exponential prion propagation and neurotoxicity relating to critical concentrations of alternate PrP isoforms whose production is PrPC concentration dependent.
Displacive-type ferroelectricity from magnetic correlations within spin-chain
Authors: Basu Tathamay , Kishore V. V. Ravi , Gohil Smita , Singh Kiran , Mohapatra N. , Bhattacharjee S. , Gonde Babu , Lalla N. P. , Mahadevan Priya , Ghosh Shankar , Sampathkumaran E. V. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObservation of ferroelectricity among non-d0 systems, which was believed for a long time an unrealistic concept, led to various proposals for the mechanisms to explain the same (i.e. magnetically induced ferroelectricity) during last decade. Here, we provide support for ferroelectricity of a displacive-type possibly involving magnetic ions due to short-range magnetic correlations within a spin-chain, through the demonstration of magnetoelectric coupling in a Haldane spin-chain compound Er2BaNiO5 well above its Néel temperature of (TN = ) 32 K. There is a distinct evidence for electric polarization setting in near 60 K around which there is an evidence for short-range magnetic correlations from other experimental methods. Raman studies also establish a softening of phonon modes in the same temperature (T) range and T-dependent x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns also reveal lattice parameters anomalies. Density-functional theory based calculations establish a displacive component (similar to d0-ness) as the root-cause of ferroelectricity from (magnetic) NiO6 chain, thereby offering a new route to search for similar materials near room temperature to enable applications.
Endoscopic Procedures in Patients under Clopidogrel or Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Survey among German Gastroenterologists and Current Guidelines
Authors: Theilmann L. , Labenz J. , Abdel Samie A. ,   for the ALGK
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: Because of the higher risk of bleeding, guidelines recommend cessation of clopidogrel seven days prior to high-risk endoscopic procedures. However, premature cessation of clopidogrel may lead to catastrophic cardiovascular sequelae due to stent thrombosis. We aimed to assess the current clinical practice among German gastroenterologists regarding endoscopic procedures in patients under clopidogrel/dual antiplatelet therapy.
Methods: A 10-item questionnaire on endoscopic procedures in patients under clopidogrel/dual antiplatelet therapy was sent by e-mail to all 220 members of the ALGK.
Results: 73 (33 %) chief gastroenterologists returned completed questionnaires, 35 (48 %) of whom conduct high-volume endoscopic units performing more than 4000 procedures per annum. 62 (85 %) endoscopic units perform endoscopic biopsies under clopidogrel alone, while just in 30 (41 %) departments biopsies are carried out under dual antiplatelet therapy. In 36 (49 %) GI-units endoscopic polypectomy under clopidogrel monotherapy is performed, in contrast to only 4 (5.5 %) in the case of combined antiplatelet therapy. However, in emergency situations more than 60 % of all participants do perform endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients under clopidogrel/dual antiplatelet therapy. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is carried out in 32 endoscopic units (44 %) under clopidogrel monotherapy, but only in 4 (5.5 %) under dual antiplatelet therapy.
Conclusion: Current guidelines on endoscopic procedures in patients under clopidogrel/dual antiplatelet therapy are mainly based on expert opinion and therefore, backed by only weak evidence. Our survey shows that in this setting the clinical decision making takes place on an individual basis, as there are no data to support the recommendations of the present guidelines.
Impact of Perioperative Immunosuppressive Medication on Surgical Outcome in Crohn’s Disease (CD)
Authors: Eisner F. , Küper M. A. , Ziegler F. , Zieker D. , Königsrainer A. , Glatzle J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] carry an 80 − 90 % lifetime risk of undergoing surgery. Many of these patients are on immunosuppressive medication at the time of surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immunosuppression on the surgical outcome in CD patients.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 484 consecutive abdominal operations for CD from 1995 to 2008 for surgical complications.
Results: A total of 241 operations (= 49.8 %) were performed under perioperative immunosuppression (corticoids and thiopurine). The overall complication rate was 18.6 %, the major complication rate was 8.7 % and the anastomotic leakage rate was 3.3 %. No differences were observed between patients without immunosuppression compared to those with immunosuppression. Patients with colo-rectal resections showed a higher complication rate than patients with small bowel resection independently of immunosuppression.
Conclusion: Nearly 50 % of the patients undergoing abdominal surgery for CD are receiving immunosuppressive medication during surgery. However, perioperative immunosuppression with corticoids, thiopurine or the combination of both does not significantly alter the surgical complication rate. Therefore the decision of a required surgery should not be delayed due to the fact that the patient is under immunosuppressive medication.
4D multiple-cathode ultrafast electron microscopy
Authors: Baskin John Spencer , Liu Haihua , Zewail Ahmed H. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Imaging of dynamical processes in materials and biological structures requires resolutions in both space and time. Four-dimensional electron microscopy was developed to image microscopic objects down to the atomic-scale spatial resolution and the femtosecond time resolution. Unlike stroboscopic techniques applied in studies of reversible processes on the femtosecond scale, single-pulse methods have been limited to the nanosecond scale for capturing irreversible processes such as materials phase transformations. In this contribution, we report on 4D multiple-cathode ultrafast electron microscopy, which enables the direct capture with femtosecond time resolution of phenomena at multiple times in their dynamics and in a single frame. The scope of applications is wide ranging.
Acceleration and sprint profiles of a professional elite football team in match play
Authors: Ingebrigtsen Jørgen , Dalen Terje , Hjelde Geir Håvard , Drust Barry , Wisløff Ulrik 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterise the acceleration and sprint profiles of elite football match play in one Norwegian elite football team (Rosenborg FC). Fifteen professional players in five playing positions took part in the study (n = 101 observations). Player movement was recorded during every domestic home game of one full season (n = 15) by an automatic tracking system based on microwave technology. Each player performed 91 ± 21 accelerations per match, with a lower number in the second compared with the first half (47 ± 12 vs. 44 ± 12). Players in lateral positions accelerated more often compared to players in central positions (98.3 ± 20.5 vs. 85.3 ± 19.5, p < 0.05). Average sprint distance was 213 ± 111 m distributed between 16.6 ± 7.9 sprints, with no differences between first (106 ± 60 m, 8.2 ± 4.2 sprints) and second halves (107 ± 72 m, 8.3 ± 4.8 sprints). Players in lateral positions sprinted longer distances (287 ± 211 m vs. 160 ± 76 m, p < 0.05) and tended to sprint more often (21.6 ± 7.8 vs. 13.0 ± 5.7, p = 0.064) compared to players in central positions. We found more walking and less of the more intense activities during the last third of the season compared to the first. The main finding in this study was that Norwegian elite players had substantially less number of accelerations and fewer but longer sprints than previous studies reported for higher‐ranked leagues. Also, less high‐intensity activity was found towards the end of the season. Ultimately, these data provide useful information for the fitness coach (1) in planning of position‐specific football training and (2) to avoid the decline in high‐intensity activities the last third of the competitive season.
Catastrophic Outpatient Health Payments and Health Payment‐induced Poverty under China's New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme
Authors: Yang Wei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn 2003, the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) was initiated in China to provide rural inhabitants with financial protection against health risks. The benefit package was extended to outpatient care in 2007. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey of 2009, this paper examines the relationship between the households participating in the NCMS and the level and distribution of catastrophic health payments and health payment‐induced poverty resulting from outpatient care. The study finds no significant difference in terms of catastrophic health payments and health payment‐induced poverty before and after NCMS reimbursement. The out‐of‐pocket payments (OOP) are concentrated disproportionately among the poor even after the insurance reimbursement. This heavy burden of OOP payments has become a poverty trap for the poor. This study calls for a more comprehensive insurance and effective insurance package.
mcmc_clib
–an advanced MCMC sampling package for
ode
models
Authors: Kramer Andrei , Stathopoulos Vassilios , Girolami Mark , Radde Nicole 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Summary : We present a new C implementation of an advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for the sampling of ordinary differential equation (ode) model parameters. The software mcmc_clib uses the simplified manifold Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm (SMMALA), which is locally adaptive; it uses the parameter manifold’s geometry (the Fisher information) to make efficient moves. This adaptation does not diminish with MC length, which is highly advantageous compared with adaptive Metropolis techniques when the parameters have large correlations and/or posteriors substantially differ from multivariate Gaussians. The software is standalone (not a toolbox), though dependencies include the GNU scientific library and sundials libraries for ode integration and sensitivity analysis.
Availability and implementation : The source code and binary files are freely available for download at http://a-kramer.github.io/mcmc_clib/ . This also includes example files and data. A detailed documentation, an example model and user manual are provided with the software.
Contact : andrei.kramer@ist.uni-stuttgart.de
Improving peak detection in high-resolution LC/MS metabolomics data using preexisting knowledge and machine learning approach
Authors: Yu Tianwei , Jones Dean P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Peak detection is a key step in the preprocessing of untargeted metabolomics data generated from high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The common practice is to use filters with predetermined parameters to select peaks in the LC/MS profile. This rigid approach can cause suboptimal performance when the choice of peak model and parameters do not suit the data characteristics.
Results: Here we present a method that learns directly from various data features of the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) to differentiate between true peak regions from noise regions in the LC/MS profile. It utilizes the knowledge of known metabolites, as well as robust machine learning approaches. Unlike currently available methods, this new approach does not assume a parametric peak shape model and allows maximum flexibility. We demonstrate the superiority of the new approach using real data. Because matching to known metabolites entails uncertainties and cannot be considered a gold standard, we also developed a probabilistic receiver-operating characteristic (pROC) approach that can incorporate uncertainties.
Availability and implementation: The new peak detection approach is implemented as part of the apLCMS package available at http://web1.sph.emory.edu/apLCMS/
Contact: tyu8@emory.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Closely Related NAC Transcription Factors of Tomato Differentially Regulate Stomatal Closure and Reopening during Pathogen Attack
Authors: Du Minmin , Zhai Qingzhe , Deng Lei , Li Shuyu , Li Hongshuang , Yan Liuhua , Huang Zhuo , Wang Bao , Jiang Hongling , Huang Tingting , Li Chang-Bao , Wei Jianing , Kang Le , Li Jingfu , Li Chuanyou 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
To restrict pathogen entry, plants close stomata as an integral part of innate immunity. To counteract this defense, Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato produces coronatine (COR), which mimics jasmonic acid (JA), to reopen stomata for bacterial entry. It is believed that abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in regulating bacteria-triggered stomatal closure and that stomatal reopening requires the JA/COR pathway, but the downstream signaling events remain unclear. We studied the stomatal immunity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and report here the distinct roles of two homologous NAC (for NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) transcription factors, JA2 (for jasmonic acid2) and JA2L (for JA2-like), in regulating pathogen-triggered stomatal movement. ABA activates JA2 expression, and genetic manipulation of JA2 revealed its positive role in ABA-mediated stomatal closure. We show that JA2 exerts this effect by regulating the expression of an ABA biosynthetic gene. By contrast, JA and COR activate JA2L expression, and genetic manipulation of JA2L revealed its positive role in JA/COR-mediated stomatal reopening. We show that JA2L executes this effect by regulating the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of salicylic acid. Thus, these closely related NAC proteins differentially regulate pathogen-induced stomatal closure and reopening through distinct mechanisms.