bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from Subcutaneous, Omental, and Intrathoracic Adipose Tissue Depots for Regenerative Applications
Authors: Russo Valerio , Yu Claire , Belliveau Paul , Hamilton Andrew , Flynn Lauren E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAdipose tissue is an abundant source of multipotent progenitor cells that have shown promise in regenerative medicine. In humans, fat is primarily distributed in the subcutaneous and visceral depots, which have varying biochemical and functional properties. In most studies to date, subcutaneous adipose tissue has been investigated as the adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) source. In this study, we sought to develop a broader understanding of the influence of specific adipose tissue depots on the isolated ASC populations through a systematic comparison of donor-matched abdominal subcutaneous fat and omentum, and donor-matched pericardial adipose tissue and thymic remnant samples. We found depot-dependent and donor-dependent variability in the yield, viability, immunophenotype, clonogenic potential, doubling time, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacities of the ASC populations. More specifically, ASCs isolated from both intrathoracic depots had a longer average doubling time and a significantly higher proportion of CD34+ cells at passage 2, as compared with cells isolated from subcutaneous fat or the omentum. Furthermore, ASCs from subcutaneous and pericardial adipose tissue demonstrated enhanced adipogenic differentiation capacity, whereas ASCs isolated from the omentum displayed the highest levels of osteogenic markers in culture. Through cell culture analysis under hypoxic (5% O2) conditions, oxygen tension was shown to be a key mediator of colony-forming unit-fibroblast number and osteogenesis for all depots. Overall, our results suggest that depot selection is an important factor to consider when applying ASCs in tissue-specific cell-based regenerative therapies, and also highlight pericardial adipose tissue as a potential new ASC source.
Effects of postnatal interventions for the reduction of vertical HIV transmission on infant growth and non‐HIV infections: a systematic review
Authors: Zunza Moleen , Mercer Gareth D , Thabane Lehana , Esser Monika , Cotton Mark F 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionGuidelines in resource‐poor settings have progressively included interventions to reduce postnatal HIV transmission through breast milk. In addition to HIV‐free survival, infant growth and non‐HIV infections should be considered. Determining the effect of these interventions on infant growth and non‐HIV infections will inform healthcare decisions about feeding HIV‐exposed infants. We synthesize findings from studies comparing breast to formula feeding, early weaning to standard‐duration breastfeeding, breastfeeding with extended antiretroviral (ARV) to short‐course ARV prophylaxis, and alternative preparations of infant formula to standard formula in HIV‐exposed infants, focusing on infant growth and non‐HIV infectious morbidity outcomes. The review objectives were to collate and appraise evidence of interventions to reduce postnatal vertical HIV transmission, and to estimate their effect on growth and non‐HIV infections from birth to two years of age among HIV‐exposed infants.MethodsWe searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane CENTRAL Controlled Trials Register. We included randomized trials and prospective cohort studies. Two authors independently extracted data and evaluated risk of bias. Rate ratios and mean differences were used as effect measures for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. Where pooling was possible, we used fixed‐effects meta‐analysis to pool results across studies. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.Results and discussionProspective cohort studies comparing breast‐ versus formula‐fed HIV‐exposed infants found breastfeeding to be protective against diarrhoea in early life [risk ratio (RR)=0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.13 to 0.74]. The effect of breastfeeding against diarrhoea [hazard ratio (HR)=0.74; 95% CI=0.57 to 0.97] and respiratory infections (HR=0.65; 95% CI=0.41 to 1.00) was significant through two years of age. The only randomized controlled trial (RCT) available showed that breastfeeding tended to be protective against malnutrition (RR=0.63; 95% CI=0.36 to 1.12). We found no statistically significant differences in the rates of non‐HIV infections or malnutrition between breast‐fed infants in the extended and short‐course ARV prophylaxis groups.ConclusionsLow to moderate quality evidence suggests breastfeeding may improve growth and non‐HIV infection outcomes of HIV‐exposed infants. Extended ARV prophylaxis does not appear to increase the risk for HIV‐exposed infants for adverse growth or non‐HIV infections compared to short‐course ARV prophylaxis.
Decline of Arctic sea ice: Evaluation and weighting of CMIP5 projections
Authors: Snape Thomas J. , Forster Piers M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTrends of Arctic September sea ice area (SSIA) are investigated through analysis of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) data. The large range across models is reduced by weighting them according to how they match nine observed parameters. Calibration of this refined SSIA projection to observations of different 5 year averages suggests that nearly ice‐free conditions, where ice area is less than 1 × 106 km2, will likely occur between 2039 and 2045, not accounting for internal variability. When adding internal variability, we demonstrate that ice‐free conditions could occur as early as 2032. The 2013 rebound in ice extent has little effect on these projections. We also identify that our refined projection displays a change in the variability of SSIA, indicating a possible change in regime.
Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging pattern in patients with macrocephaly and PTEN mutations
Authors: Vanderver Adeline , Tonduti Davide , Kahn Ilana , Schmidt Johanna , Medne Livija , Vento Jodie , Chapman Kimberly A. , Lanpher Brendan , Pearl Phillip , Gropman Andrea , Lourenco Charles , Bamforth John‐Steven , Sharpe Cynthia , Pineda Mercédes , Schallner Jens , Bodamer Olaf , Orcesi Simona , Oberstein Saskia A. J. Lesnik , Sistermans Erik A. , Yntema Helger G. , Bonnemann Carsten , Waldman Amy T. , van der Knaap Marjo S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe describe an MRI phenotype seen in a series of patients with mutations in PTEN who have clinical features consistent with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). Retrospective review of clinical data and MRI was performed in 23 subjects evaluated in four different tertiary care centers with clinical programs in inherited disorders of the white matter. Patients were referred due to abnormal MRI features and abnormal PTEN sequencing was identified. All subjects had significant macrocephaly (on average >4 SD above the mean), developmental delay with or without autism spectrum disorder and uniform MRI features of enlarged perivascular spaces and multifocal periventricular white matter abnormalities. The phenotype of PHTS may include MRI abnormalities such as multifocal periventricular white matter abnormalities and enlarged perivascular spaces. These neuroimaging findings, in association with macrocephaly and developmental delay, should prompt consideration of PTEN as a diagnostic possibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploration of adult body shape and limb proportions at Kellis 2, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Bleuze Michele M. , Wheeler Sandra M. , Dupras Tosha L. , Williams Lana J. , El Molto J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that the human body generally conforms to the ecogeographical expectations of Bergmann's and Allen's rules; however, recent evidence suggests that these expectations may not hold completely for some populations. Egypt is located at the crossroads of Sub‐Saharan Africa, Southern Europe, and the Near East, and gene flow among groups in these regions may confound ecogeographical patterning. In this study, we test the fit of the adult physique of a large sample (N = 163) of females and males from the Kellis 2 cemetery (Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt) against ecogeographical predictions. Body shape (i.e., body mass relative to stature) was assessed by the femur head diameter to bicondylar femur length index (FHD/BFL), and brachial and crural indices were calculated to examine intralimb proportions. Body shape in the Kellis 2 sample is not significantly different from high‐latitude groups and a Lower Nubian sample, and intralimb proportions are not significantly different from mid‐latitude and other low‐latitude groups. This study demonstrates the potential uniqueness of body shape and intralimb proportions in an ancient Egyptian sample, and further highlights the complex relationship between ecogeographic patterning and adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:496–505, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan
Authors: Tsutaya Takumi , Nagaoka Tomohito , Sawada Junmei , Hirata Kazuaki , Yoneda Minoru 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe urbanization of the city of Edo, the capital of premodern Japan, has been assumed to be not as a result of natural increase but that of in‐migration although this assumption has never been verified. To obtain information on natural fertility in Edo, we analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 46 adult and 84 subadult human skeletons excavated from the Hitotsubashi site (1657–1683 AD: the early Edo period), Tokyo, Japan and reconstructed their breastfeeding period, one of the most important determinants of fertility. Adult females are significantly more depleted in 15N by 0.7‰ than adult males, suggesting a dietary differentiation between sexes and/or the effect of pregnancy. The changes in the nitrogen isotope ratios of subadults suggest that supplementary foods were introduced around the age of 0.2 years and weaning ended around 3.1 years, which agrees with descriptions in various historical documents of the period. The duration of breastfeeding in the Hitotsubashi population was relatively longer than those in modern industrial and traditional societies and four previously reported populations in medieval and in the industrial England. As later weaning closely associates with longer inter‐birth interval for mothers, our data suggest a lower natural fertility for the Hitotsubashi population. Assuming that the proportion of married people was also lower in the major cities of the earlier Edo period, our results support the assumption that Edo developed and increased its population by attracting immigrants during urbanization. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:559–569, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of flavonoids regulating the expression of UGT1A1 via xenobiotic receptors in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Hiura Yuto , Satsu Hideo , Hamada Mika , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 is one of the major metabolic enzymes for the detoxification of harmful xenobiotics in intestines, and its expression is regulated by transcription factors like the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). A screening assay using real‐time PCR showed that baicalein and 3‐hydroxyflavone induced human UGT1A1 mRNA expression in LS180 cells. Experimental results confirmed that these flavonoids increased UGT1A protein expression as well as its enzymatic activity. The results indicated that baicalein and 3‐hydroxyflavone increased the transcriptional activity of UGT1A1 via AhR and PXR, respectively. Observation via immunofluorescence microscopy suggested that baicalein and 3‐hydroxyflavone further induced nuclear translocation of AhR and PXR, respectively. In addition, direct interaction between baicalein and AhR or 3‐hydroxyflavone and PXR were observed using the quartz crystal microbalance method. These results elucidate the molecular mechanism of flavonoid‐induced UGT1A1 gene expression via xenobiotic receptors in the intestines. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(3):336–345, 2014
The structural comparison between membrane‐associated human carbonic anhydrases provides insights into drug design of selective inhibitors
Authors: Alterio Vincenzo , Pan Peiwen , Parkkila Seppo , Buonanno Martina , Supuran Claudiu T. , Monti Simona M. , De Simone Giuseppina 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTCarbonic anhydrase isoform XIV (CA XIV) is the last member of the human (h) CA family discovered so far, being localized in brain, kidneys, colon, small intestine, urinary bladder, liver, and spinal cord. It has recently been described as a possible drug target for treatment of epilepsy, some retinopathies as well as some skin tumors. Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) XIV is a membrane‐associated protein consisting of an N‐terminal extracellular domain, a putative transmembrane region, and a small cytoplasmic tail. In this article, we report the expression, purification, and the crystallographic structure of the entire extracellular domain of this enzyme. The analysis of the structure revealed the typical α‐CA fold, in which a 10‐stranded β‐sheet forms the core of the molecule, while the comparison with all the other membrane associated isoforms (hCAs IV, IX, and XII) allowed to identify the diverse oligomeric arrangement and the sequence and structural differences observed in the region 127–136 as the main factors to consider in the design of selective inhibitors for each one of the membrane associated α‐CAs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 769–778, 2014.
Combining content and elements of communication into an upper‐level biochemistry course
Authors: Whittington Carli P. , Pellock Samuel J. , Cunningham Rebecca L. , Cox James R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis report describes how a science communication module was incorporated into an advanced biochemistry course. Elements of communication were taught synergistically with biochemistry content in this course in an effort to expose students to a variety of effective oral communication strategies. Students were trained to use these established techniques and incorporated them into various presentations throughout the course. Three students describe their use of specific resources and how the skills learned relate to their future career. The importance and relevance of science communication are receiving unprecedented national attention. The academic scientific community must respond by incorporating more communication‐centered instruction and opportunities in the classroom and laboratory. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(2):136–141, 2014.
Student use and pedagogical impact of a mobile learning application
Authors: Teri Saskia , Acai Anita , Griffith Douglas , Mahmoud Qusay , Ma David W. L. , Newton Genevieve 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMobile learning (m‐learning) is a relevant innovation in teaching and learning in higher education. A mobile app called NutriBiochem was developed for use in biochemistry and nutrition education for students in a second year Biochemistry and Metabolism course. NutriBiochem was accessed through smartphones, tablets, or computers. Students were surveyed upon completion of the final exam (n = 88). Survey questions assessed frequency of use, motivations for use, and perceptions of app usefulness. The pedagogical impact of NutriBiochem was evaluated by measuring the relationship between frequency of use and final course grade. Just over half of the students used the app, and ∼80% of users accessed the app moderately or infrequently. Smartphones were the most common device and the preferred device on which to access the app. There were no statistical differences in mean final grade between users and nonusers. Students with higher comfort levels with technology accessed the app more broadly than those with lower level of comfort with technology. Over 75% of students agreed that NutriBiochem was a useful learning tool, but fewer (∼45%) felt it helped them perform better in the course. The findings of this study are important, as they suggest that NutriBiochem is an effective study tool for students who are comfortable with technology, and access it regularly. Overall, the use of mobile applications in science education has been shown to be: 1) effective in enhancing students' learning experience; 2) relevant and important as an emergent method of learning given modern pressures facing higher education; and, 3) met with positive student attitudes and perceptions in terms of adopting and using such technology for educational purposes. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(2):121–135, 2014.
The influence of poststress social factors on hormonal reactivity in prepubertal male rats
Authors: Hall Baila S. , Romeo Russell D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTFollowing a variety of stressors, prepubertal animals display significantly longer hormonal stress responses than adults. Although the mechanisms that mediate this pubertal‐related difference in stress reactivity are unclear, previous studies have shown that social interactions are differentially affected by stress in animals before and after puberty. Given the influence of social factors on stress reactivity, we hypothesize the protracted stress‐induced hormonal response in prepubertal animals may be in part mediated by aspects of their poststress social environment. We explored this hypothesis by measuring plasma ACTH and corticosterone in prepubertal male rats 15, 30, and 45 min after a 30 min session of restraint stress exposed to one of three social conditions: recovering in the presence of a stressed cage mate; recovering in the presence of a nonstressed cage mate; and recovering in the absence of a cage mate. We report here that although prepubertal and adult animals display different hormonal responses following restraint, the presence or absence of stressed cage mates has little impact on the poststress hormonal response in prepubertal males. We do, however, show that social factors can alter HPA reactivity in prepubertal animals, in that significant hormonal responses are evoked in nonstressed animals exposed to a stressed cage mate, an effect not found in adults. Collectively, these data indicate that although the poststress social environment does not play a role in mediating the protracted hormonal response in prepubertal animals, the social context can significantly influence HPA activation in otherwise unstressed animals prior to puberty. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1061–1069, 2014.
Progressive effects of N‐myc deficiency on proliferation, neurogenesis, and morphogenesis in the olfactory epithelium
Authors: Wittmann Walter , Schimmang Thomas , Gunhaga Lena 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTN‐myc belongs to the myc proto‐oncogene family, which is involved in numerous cellular processes such as proliferation, growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. Conditional deletion of N‐myc in the mouse nervous system disrupted brain development, indicating that N‐myc plays an essential role during neural development. How the development of the olfactory epithelium and neurogenesis within are affected by the loss of N‐myc has, however, not been determined. To address these issues, we examined an N‐mycFoxg1Cre conditional mouse line, in which N‐myc is depleted in the olfactory epithelium. First changes in N‐myc mutants were detected at E11.5, with reduced proliferation and neurogenesis in a slightly smaller olfactory epithelium. The phenotype was more pronounced at E13.5, with a complete lack of Hes5‐positive progenitor cells, decreased proliferation, and neurogenesis. In addition, stereological analyses revealed reduced cell size of post‐mitotic neurons in the olfactory epithelium, which contributed to a smaller olfactory pit. Furthermore, we observed diminished proliferation and neurogenesis also in the vomeronasal organ, which likewise was reduced in size. In addition, the generation of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons was severely reduced in N‐myc mutants. Thus, diminished neurogenesis and proliferation in combination with smaller neurons might explain the morphological defects in the N‐myc depleted olfactory structures. Moreover, our results suggest an important role for N‐myc in regulating ongoing neurogenesis, in part by maintaining the Hes5‐positive progenitor pool. In summary, our results provide evidence that N‐myc deficiency in the olfactory epithelium progressively diminishes proliferation and neurogenesis with negative consequences at structural and cellular levels. © 2013 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 643–656, 2014
Is disordered eating behavior more prevalent in adolescents with early‐onset type 1 diabetes than in their representative peers?
Authors: Baechle Christina , Castillo Katty , Straßburger Klaus , Stahl‐Pehe Anna , Meissner Thomas , Holl Reinhard W. , Giani Guido , Rosenbauer Joachim ,   In Cooperation with the German Paediatric Surveillance Unit (ESPED) and the DPV‐Science Initiative
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite modern therapeutic regimens, youths with Type 1 diabetes may be at increased risk of mental and behavioral disorders. In this study, the prevalence of disordered eating behavior (DEB) in intensely treated children and adolescents with early‐onset Type 1 diabetes and peers from the general population was compared.MethodData from 629 patients from a population‐based, nationwide survey (54.1% male, mean age 15.3 years) with early‐onset Type 1 diabetes of at least 10 years duration were compared with data from 6,813 participants of the German KiGGS study (51.3% male, mean age 14.6 years). The generic SCOFF questionnaire was used as screening instrument to identify participants with symptoms of DEB. Both groups were compared with multivariable regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.Results31.2% of the female and 11.7% of the male diabetic patients and 28.9% of the females and 15.2% of the males in the comparison group were SCOFF‐positive (SCOFF score ≥2; p > .05). The odds for symptoms of eating disorders were 3.7% higher in female and 4.3% lower in male patients with diabetes than in the comparison group, but the differences were not significant. 20.5% of the female and 18.5% of the male diabetic patients reported insulin restriction at least three times per week.DiscussionChildren and adolescents with early‐onset Type 1 diabetes of long duration do not seem to be more frequently SCOFF‐positive than peers. However, as insulin restriction is practiced in a substantial portion of patients, attention for insulin restriction in diabetes care is essential. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:342–352)