bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution and development of the tetrapod auditory system: an organ of Corti‐centric perspective
Authors: Fritzsch Bernd , Pan Ning , Jahan Israt , Duncan Jeremy S. , Kopecky Benjamin J. , Elliott Karen L. , Kersigo Jennifer , Yang Tian 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe tetrapod auditory system transmits sound through the outer and middle ear to the organ of Corti or other sound pressure receivers of the inner ear where specialized hair cells translate vibrations of the basilar membrane into electrical potential changes that are conducted by the spiral ganglion neurons to the auditory nuclei. In other systems, notably the vertebrate limb, a detailed connection between the evolutionary variations in adaptive morphology and the underlying alterations in the genetic basis of development has been partially elucidated. In this review, we attempt to correlate evolutionary and partially characterized molecular data into a cohesive perspective of the evolution of the mammalian organ of Corti out of the tetrapod basilar papilla. We propose a stepwise, molecularly partially characterized transformation of the ancestral, vestibular developmental program of the vertebrate ear. This review provides a framework to decipher both discrete steps in development and the evolution of unique functional adaptations of the auditory system. The combined analysis of evolution and development establishes a powerful cross‐correlation where conclusions derived from either approach become more meaningful in a larger context which is not possible through exclusively evolution or development centered perspectives.
Selection may explain the survival of the fittest auditory system, but only developmental genetics can explain the arrival of the fittest auditory system.[Modified after (Wagner 2011)]
Healing responses following transverse root fracture: a historical review and case reports showing healing with (a) calcified tissue and (b) dense fibrous connective tissue
Authors: Heithersay AO Geoffrey S. , Kahler Bill 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe understanding and management of transverse intra‐alveolar root fractures has evolved to its current high level of sophistication and clinical success from foundations laid down by histological studies as early as the mid‐nineteenth century.SignificanceThe aim of the review was to highlight those earlier histological reports and studies that have contributed to the current understanding of the biological processes involved in the healing of transverse root fractures. Healing of a transverse root fracture by calcified tissue was demonstrated histologically by Howe in 1926, while Boulger in 1928 showed the two other patterns of root fracture healing, namely the interposition of fibrous connective tissue and the interposition of bone and periodontal ligament around both fractured segments. Other major histological reports around that time came from members of the so‐called ‘The Vienna group of Illinois’, who had a significant influence in the development of oral biology worldwide. Other important reports and an experimental study emanated from Germany and Switzerland in the late 30s and early 40s, followed in the 1950s and early 1960s by histological material principally from Sweden, Denmark, France, the USA and Britain. Jens Andreasen and Erik Hjörting‐Hansen's landmark paper in 1967 included new histological reports and a classification of healing responses following transverse root fractures. The expansion of knowledge related to root fractures since that time has been exponential, with major contributions from Scandinavia and several other countries.Case reportsAccompanying the historical review are two case reports with histology of root fracture healing by (a) calcified tissue and (b) dense fibrous connective tissue. The role of the pulp and the periodontal ligament in the repair process is described and the clinical significance discussed with particular emphasis to diagnosis and orthodontic management.
Using kinematic analysis of movement to predict the time occurrence of an evoked potential associated with a motor command
Authors: O'Reilly Christian , Plamondon Réjean , Landou Mohamed K. , Stemmer Brigitte 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article presents an exploratory study investigating the possibility of predicting the time occurrence of a motor event related potential (ERP) from a kinematic analysis of human movements. Although the response‐locked motor potential may link the ERP components to the recorded response, to our knowledge no previous attempt has been made to predict a priori (i.e. before any contact with the electroencephalographic data) the time occurrence of an ERP component based only on the modeling of an overt response. The proposed analysis relies on the delta‐lognormal modeling of velocity, as proposed by the kinematic theory of rapid human movement used in several studies of motor control. Although some methodological aspects of this technique still need to be fine‐tuned, the initial results showed that the model‐based kinematic analysis allowed the prediction of the time occurrence of a motor command ERP in most participants in the experiment. The average map of the motor command ERPs showed that this signal was stronger in electrodes close to the contra‐lateral motor area (Fz, FCz, FC1, and FC3). These results seem to support the claims made by the kinematic theory that a motor command is emitted at time t0, the time reference parameter of the model. This article proposes a new time marker directly associated with a cerebral event (i.e. the emission of a motor command) that can be used for the development of new data analysis methodologies and for the elaboration of new experimental protocols based on ERP.
High‐fat diet acutely affects circadian organisation and eating behavior
Authors: Pendergast Julie S. , Branecky Katrina L. , Yang William , Ellacott Kate L. J. , Niswender Kevin D. , Yamazaki Shin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe organisation of timing in mammalian circadian clocks optimally coordinates behavior and physiology with daily environmental cycles. Chronic consumption of a high‐fat diet alters circadian rhythms, but the acute effects on circadian organisation are unknown. To investigate the proximate effects of a high‐fat diet on circadian physiology, we examined the phase relationship between central and peripheral clocks in mice fed a high‐fat diet for 1 week. By 7 days, the phase of the liver rhythm was markedly advanced (by 5 h), whereas rhythms in other tissues were not affected. In addition, immediately upon consumption of a high‐fat diet, the daily rhythm of eating behavior was altered. As the tissue rhythm of the suprachiasmatic nucleus was not affected by 1 week of high‐fat diet consumption, the brain nuclei mediating the effect of a high‐fat diet on eating behavior are likely to be downstream of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Physical performance measures as a useful indicator of multiple geriatric syndromes in women aged 75 years and older
Authors: Seino Satoshi , Yabushita Noriko , Kim Mi‐ji , Nemoto Miyuki , Jung Songee , Osuka Yosuke , Okubo Yoshiro , Figueroa Rafael , Matsuo Tomoaki , Tanaka Kiyoji 
Published: January 2013

AimTo identify whether individual physical performance measures or a combination of measures is a better indicator of multiple geriatric syndromes (MGS) defined as the concomitant presence of more than one geriatric syndrome in an individual.MethodsWe carried out cross‐sectional analyses on data from 340 community‐dwelling women aged 75 years and older (mean 80.0 years). We examined the following geriatric syndromes: urinary incontinence, falls, underweight, depression and functional decline. Trained testers measured usual gait speed (UGS), hand‐grip strength and lower extremity performance (LEP) score derived from four LEP measures: tandem stance, chair stand test, alternate step and timed up‐and‐go (TUG). We categorized UGS to distinguish high‐ and low‐performing participants using the established 1.0 m/s cut‐off point. Applying the same population percentile (35.8%), we determined cut‐off points for all individual measures and the LEP score.ResultsThe UGS, TUG and LEP score had similar discriminating powers for MGS (each with area under receiver–operator curves [AUC] of 0.80), which were more significant than the discriminating powers of other individual measures (AUC = 0.69–0.76) when considered as continuous variables. A slow UGS, especially less than 1.0 m/s, was more strongly associated with MGS (odds ratio [OR] = 7.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.6–15.9) than the same percentiles for TUG (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.9–7.8) and LEP score (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 2.5–10.6).ConclusionThe UGS test alone might be sufficient in detecting MGS in women aged 75 years and older compared with a more comprehensive test battery. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 901–910.
Promoting direct patient care services at community pharmacies through advanced pharmacy practice experiences
Authors: Kassam Rosemin , Kwong Mona , Collins John B 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the relative benefits of three different models of advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in successfully integrating the delivery of direct patient care into students' final year community pharmacy clerkships.

Methods
All fourth-year pharmacy students at the University of British Columbia were divided into one of three study arms for their community APPE: a 2 × 4-week rotation in a traditional format, a 1 × 8-week rotation where their preceptors had experienced a 2-day education course and a 1 × 8-week rotation with both preceptor education plus a 5-day pre-APPE in-store orientation and peer debriefing.

Key findings
All 123 students conducted patient consultations and documented their care. Students in the pre-APPE + preceptor education arm provided nearly double the number of direct patient consultations than did students in the preceptor-education-only arm or the traditional 2 × 4-week arm. Numbers of drug-related problems identified and interventions performed per patient consult did not differ across study arms.

Conclusions
Pre-APPE orientation activities provided an enhanced learning environment, promoted greater student engagement, provided care to more patients, increased preceptor preparedness and enhanced in-store patient-centred care practice. Certain of these learning activities can also form part of third- and fourth-year introductory pharmacy practice experiences to prepare students for their final-year APPE.
Estimating age‐specific cumulative incidence for the 2009 influenza pandemic: a meta‐analysis of A(H1N1)pdm09 serological studies from 19 countries
Authors: Van Kerkhove Maria D. , Hirve Siddhivinayak , Koukounari Artemis , Mounts Anthony W. ,   for the H1N1pdm serology working group
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe global impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic (H1N1pdm) is not well understood.ObjectivesWe estimate overall and age‐specific prevalence of cross‐reactive antibodies to H1N1pdm virus and rates of H1N1pdm infection during the first year of the pandemic using data from published and unpublished H1N1pdm seroepidemiological studies.MethodsPrimary aggregate H1N1pdm serologic data from each study were stratified in standardized age groups and evaluated based on when sera were collected in relation to national or subnational peak H1N1pdm activity. Seropositivity was assessed using well‐described and standardized hemagglutination inhibition (HI titers ≥32 or ≥40) and microneutralization (MN ≥ 40) laboratory assays. The prevalence of cross‐reactive antibodies to the H1N1pdm virus was estimated for studies using sera collected prior to the start of the pandemic (between 2004 and April 2009); H1N1pdm cumulative incidence was estimated for studies in which collected both pre‐ and post‐pandemic sera; and H1N1pdm seropositivity was calculated from studies with post‐pandemic sera only (collected between December 2009–June 2010).ResultsData from 27 published/unpublished studies from 19 countries/administrative regions – Australia, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong SAR, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Reunion Island, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States, and Vietnam – were eligible for inclusion. The overall age‐standardized pre‐pandemic prevalence of cross‐reactive antibodies was 5% (95%CI 3–7%) and varied significantly by age with the highest rates among persons ≥65 years old (14% 95%CI 8–24%). Overall age‐standardized H1N1pdm cumulative incidence was 24% (95%CI 20–27%) and varied significantly by age with the highest in children 5–19 (47% 95%CI 39–55%) and 0–4 years old (36% 95%CI 30–43%).ConclusionsOur results offer unique insight into the global impact of the H1N1 pandemic and highlight the need for standardization of seroepidemiological studies and for their inclusion in pre‐pandemic preparedness plans. Our results taken together with recent global pandemic respiratory‐associated mortality estimates suggest that the case fatality ratio of the pandemic virus was approximately 0·02%.
Ocular findings in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Kilic Berna , Dogan Umit , Parlak Ali Haydar , Goksugur Nadir , Polat Mualla , Serin Didem , Ozmen Sedat 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground  Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting skin, nails, and joints. Although there are not many reports in the literature, ocular findings occur in approximately 10% of patients, in mostly those who have psoriatic arthritis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate eye involvement in psoriasis patients.Methods  This study was performed on a total of 100 psoriasis patients and a group of 100 healthy individuals. History was taken from all study and control subjects, and dermatological, systemic, and ophthalmological examinations were performed and Schirmer and BUT values were measured. Constant variables were compared using the t‐test, and categorical variables were compared using chi‐square test. Relationship between ocular findings and sex, age, duration of psoriasis, PASI score, presence of psoriatic plaques on the eyelid, nail involvement, and psoriatic arthritis was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Statistical analyses were performed individually for both right and left eyes.Results  The number of ocular findings in both eyes in the patient group was found to be statistically higher than that in the control group. Schirmer and BUT values were statistically lower in the patient group than those in the control group.Conclusions  Although results of our study support the necessity of routine ophthalmological examination of psoriasis patients for early diagnosis and treatment, we believe that further studies are required on the etiopathogenesis of ocular involvement in psoriasis patients.
Lichen planus pemphigoides: four new cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Zaraa Ines , Mahfoudh Anis , Sellami Myriam Kallel , Chelly Ines , El Euch Dalenda , Zitouna Mohamed , Mokni Mourad , Makni Sondes , Osman Amel Ben 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease. It appears to be combination of lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. We describe four new cases of LPP and discuss the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and therapeutic features of this singular association through a review of the 74 published cases within the English literature. We report four cases of LPP (three women aged respectively 47, 51, and 53 years old, and a 53‐year‐old man). All patients presented with bullae on lichenoid and normal skin, predominately on the extremities. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistological findings. Our patients were treated with oral corticosteroids with a good response. Our review of the literature of 78 cases of LPP (65 adults and 13 children) showed that it involved adults (mean age: 54 years), with a slight female preponderance. A mean lag time between LP and the development of LPP was 8.3 months. LPP is characterized by developing blisters on lichenoid lesions and on uninvolved skin with more acral distribution of bullous lesions. Involvement of palms and soles was more frequent in children. The diagnosis is based on pathological and immunological confrontation. LPP is usually idiopathic, but some cases were reported in association with various drugs. There have also been reports of association with internal malignancy. Most cases of LPP are successfully treated with systemic corticosteroids. In most cases, the prognosis was good.
Changes in heart rate variability during TOVA testing in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Shen Tsu‐Wang , Liu Fang‐Chih , Chen Shaw‐Ji , Chen Shao‐Tsu 
Published: January 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to identify major depressive disorder (MDD) based on heart rate variability (HRV) during tests of variables of attention (TOVA).MethodForty‐five MDD patients without cardiovascular disease and 45 controls matched by age and gender participated in this study.ResultsCompared to the controls, the MDD group had lower resting HRV parameters, more omissions and variability and longer response times on TOVA, and failure of attention employment to decrease HRV.ConclusionsThe resting HRV parameters may provide easily measured, clinically useful ways to identify patients with MDD and to monitor their progress in treatment.
Price Clustering in the U.S. Dollar/Taiwan Dollar Swap Market
Authors: Liu Hao‐Chen , Witte Mark David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPrice clustering in financial markets is pervasive. Using transaction‐level data from the world's largest financial market, this study is the first to examine price clustering behavior in the foreign exchange swap market. In addition to existing hypotheses, we investigate new determinants of price clustering including the expected return, contract liquidity, and trader's identity. The results support both negotiation and price resolution hypotheses. We find a positive effect from the level of expected return on price clustering. Markets with greater liquidity experience reduced clustering. Transactions involving domestic banks have less clustering suggesting an information advantage over foreign banks.
A self‐determination model of childhood exposure, perceived prevalence, justification, and perpetration of intimate partner violence
Authors: Neighbors Clayton , Walker Denise D. , Mbilinyi Lyungai F. , Zegree Joan , Foster Dawn W. , Roffman Roger A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present research was designed to evaluate self‐determination theory as a framework for integrating factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. The proposed model suggests that childhood exposure to parental violence may influence global motivational orientations which, in turn, results in greater cognitive biases (overestimating the prevalence of IPV and justification of IPV) which, in turn, contribute to an individual's decision to use abusive behavior. Participants included 124 men who had engaged in abusive behavior toward an intimate partner. Results provided reasonable support for the proposed model and stronger support for a revised model suggesting that controlled orientation, rather than autonomy orientation, appears to play a stronger role in the association between childhood exposure to parental violence and cognitive biases associated with abusive behavior.
Chronic Poverty in Rural Ethiopia through the Lens of Life Histories
Authors: Camfield Laura , Roelen Keetie 
Published: January 2013

SummaryStudying chronic poverty using retrospective qualitative data (life histories) in conjunction with longitudinal panel data is now widely recognised to provide deeper and more reliable insights (Davis and Baulch, 2009). This paper uses three rounds of panel data and life histories collected by Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty, to identify factors that contribute to households becoming or remaining poor in rural Ethiopia, with related effects on the children within those households. It combines a case‐centred and a variable‐centred approach (Ragin, 1987), analysing and comparing the experiences of individual households on the basis of qualitative and quantitative techniques and interrogating these findings by looking at attributes of households (variables) across a larger sample. The substantive findings on poverty ‘drivers’ and ‘maintainers’ (Baulch, 2011) support those of previous studies: rainfall, illness, debt, exclusion from the main form of social protection. But by mixing different types of data and analysis, the paper was able to show that combinations of factors rather than single events drive households into poverty, and that household characteristics can play an important factor. The primary contribution of the paper is methodological as it presents a novel method of using life histories to investigate chronic poverty in rural Ethiopia by generating or testing hypotheses/findings on poverty drivers and maintainers.
Natural selection. VI. Partitioning the information in fitness and characters by path analysis
Authors: Frank S. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree steps aid in the analysis of selection. First, describe phenotypes by their component causes. Components include genes, maternal effects, symbionts and any other predictors of phenotype that are of interest. Second, describe fitness by its component causes, such as an individual's phenotype, its neighbours’ phenotypes, resource availability and so on. Third, put the predictors of phenotype and fitness into an exact equation for evolutionary change, providing a complete expression of selection and other evolutionary processes. The complete expression separates the distinct causal roles of the various hypothesized components of phenotypes and fitness. Traditionally, those components are given by the covariance, variance and regression terms of evolutionary models. I show how to interpret those statistical expressions with respect to information theory. The resulting interpretation allows one to read the fundamental equations of selection and evolution as sentences that express how various causes lead to the accumulation of information by selection and the decay of information by other evolutionary processes. The interpretation in terms of information leads to a deeper understanding of selection and heritability, and a clearer sense of how to formulate causal hypotheses about evolutionary process. Kin selection appears as a particular type of causal analysis that partitions social effects into meaningful components.
Physiology vs. environment: what drives oviposition decisions in mango fruit flies (Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra)?
Authors: Migani V. , Ekesi S. , Hoffmeister T. S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn frugivorous insects, the physiological state of the female (e.g. age, egg load) as well as environmental parameters like fruit availability and characteristics may affect oviposition decision, host choice and the resulting clutch size. We studied host acceptance and clutch size decision as a function of fly egg load as physiological state and mango variety and ripeness stage as the environmental parameter in two major mango pests in sub‐Saharan Africa, Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra, under laboratory conditions. In addiction, egg maturation dynamics were investigated because for both species, egg production had never been explored before. Female egg load was the most important factor influencing host acceptance in both species. With respect to fruit characteristics, ripeness stage was significant for oviposition decisions only in C. cosyra. In particular, ripe and fully ripe fruits had more probability of oviposition than unripe ones. In contrast, fruit variety affected clutch size in B. invadens, with, respectively, the local variety Ngowe receiving the biggest clutches and the export Kent the smallest. Moreover, the invasive species showed a significantly higher egg production compared with the native species. Implications in terms of competitive displacement between the two species are also discussed.