bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of microRNAs in exosomes isolated from serum and umbilical cord blood, as well as placentomes of gestational day 90 pregnant sheep
Authors: Cleys Ellane R. , Halleran Jennifer L. , McWhorter Erin , Hergenreder Joanna , Enriquez Vanessa A. , da Silveira Juliano C. , Bruemmer Jason E. , Winger Quinton A. , Bouma Gerrit J. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYDespite reports that circulating levels of maternal serum exosomes increase during pregnancy and that placenta‐specific microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in humans, little is known about exosomes and miRNAs during pregnancy in agriculture animals. In this study, we characterized the expression of 94 miRNAs in ovine placentomes at gestation day (GD) 90 by real‐time PCR, and then investigated the presence of these miRNAs in exosome samples isolated from maternal jugular blood in non‐pregnant ewes and at GD30 and GD90 and in umbilical blood collected at GD90. In maternal jugular exosome samples, 13 miRNAs were present in lower and 12 miRNAs were present in higher amounts at GD90 compared to non‐pregnant (GD0) or GD30. Additionally, 12 miRNAs were present in higher amounts in umbilical venous exosomes compared to umbilical arterial exosomes; only miR‐132 was lower in exosomes isolated from umbilical venous blood than from umbilical arterial blood. In placentome samples, miR‐34c and miR135a abundance was higher in cotyledon tissue than in caruncle, while miR‐183 and miR‐379 amounts were higher in caruncle than cotyledon tissue. Only miR‐379 was differentially expressed in all serum exosomes and placentome samples. Pathway analysis predicted that differentially expressed maternal serum exosomal miRNAs target Cellular Growth and Proliferation and Organ Development pathways, while umbilical serum exosomal and placentomes miRNAs were predicted to target cellular development and organismal/embryonic development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 983–993, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology‐based mammalian stem cell tests reveal potential developmental toxicity of donepezil
Authors: Lau Caroline G.Y. , Marikawa Yusuke 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYVarious compounds, including therapeutic drugs, can adversely impact the survival and development of embryos in the uterus. Identification of such development‐interfering agents is a challenging task, although multi‐angle approaches—including the use of in vitro toxicology studies involving embryonic stem cells—should alleviate some of the current difficulties. In the present study, we utilized the in vitro elongation of embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from mouse embryonal carcinoma stem cell line P19C5 as a model of early embryological events, specifically that of gastrulation and axial patterning. From our study, we identified donepezil, a medication indicated for the management of Alzheimer's disease, as a potential developmental toxicant. The extent of P19C5 EB axial elongation was diminished by donepezil in a dose‐dependent manner. Although donepezil is a known inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, interference of elongation was not mediated through this enzyme. Quantitative reverse‐transcriptase PCR revealed that donepezil altered the expression pattern of a specific set of developmental regulator genes involved in patterning along the anterior–posterior body axis. When tested in mouse whole embryo culture, donepezil caused morphological abnormalities including impaired somitogenesis. Donepezil also diminished elongation morphogenesis of EBs generated from human embryonic stem cells. These results suggest that donepezil interferes with axial elongation morphogenesis of early embryos by altering the expression pattern of regulators of axial development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 994–1008, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An updated Lagrangian method with error estimation and adaptive remeshing for very large deformation elasticity problems
Authors: Léger S. , Fortin A. , Tibirna C. , Fortin M. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYAccurate simulations of large deformation hyperelastic materials by the FEM is still a challenging problem. In a total Lagrangian formulation, even when using a very fine initial mesh, the simulation can break down due to severe mesh distortion. Error estimation and adaptive remeshing on the initial geometry are helpful and can provide more accurate solutions but are not sufficient to attain very large deformations. The updated Lagrangian formulation where the geometry is periodically updated is then preferred. However, it requires data transfer from the old mesh to the new one and this is a very delicate issue. In this paper, we present an updated Lagrangian formulation where the error is estimated and adaptive remeshing is performed in order to reach high level of deformations while controlling both the accuracy of the solution and mesh distortion. Special attention is given to data transfer methods and a very accurate cubic Lagrange projection method is introduced. A continuation method is used to automatically pilot the complete algorithm including load increase, error estimation, adaptive remeshing, and data transfer. A number of examples will be presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and structure–property relationships of novel thiazole‐containing poly(amide imide)s with high refractive indices and low birefringences
Authors: Javadi Ali , Shockravi Abbas , Rafieimanesh Atefeh , Malek Ali , Ando Shinji 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the structure–property relationships in high‐performance polymers with high refractive indices and low birefringences. A series of novel poly(amide imide)s (PAIs) were synthesized from a thiazole‐containing diimide–diacid monomer and various aromatic diamines. The influence of the pendant phenyl substituents on the optical properties of these PAIs was studied by comparison with the analogous polymers containing methyl groups. The PAIs exhibited excellent solubility and good thermal stability. The optical transmittances of the PAI films at 450 nm were higher than 75%. The combination of the thiazole units, thioether linkages and pendant phenyl rings provided the PAIs with high average refractive indices of 1.7361–1.7536 and low birefringences of 0.0066–0.0097 at 632.8 nm. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of POSS nanoparticles on glass transition temperatures of ultrathin poly(t‐butyl acrylate) films and bulk blends
Authors: Karabiyik Ufuk , Paul Rituparna , Swift Michael C. , Satija Sushil K. , Esker Alan R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAs a model system, thin films of trisilanolphenyl‐POSS (TPP) and two different number average molar mass (5 and 23 kg mol−1) poly(t‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) were prepared as blends by Langmuir–Blodgett film deposition. Films were characterized by ellipsometry. For comparison, bulk blends are prepared by solution casting and the samples are characterized via differential scanning calorimetry. The increase in Tg as a function of TPP content for bulk high and low molar mass samples are in the order of ∼10 °C. Whereas bulk Tg shows comparable increases for both molar masses (∼10 °C), the increase in surface Tg for higher molar mass PtBA is greater than for low molar mass (∼22 °C vs. ∼10 °C). Nonetheless, the total enhancement of Tg is complete by the time 20 wt % TPP is added without further benefit at higher nanofiller loads. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 175–182
Robust adaptive finite‐time parameter estimation and control for robotic systems
Authors: Na Jing , Mahyuddin Muhammad Nasiruddin , Herrmann Guido , Ren Xuemei , Barber Phil 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis paper studies adaptive parameter estimation and control for nonlinear robotic systems based on parameter estimation errors. A framework to obtain an expression of the parameter estimation error is proposed first by introducing a set of auxiliary filtered variables. Then three novel adaptive laws driven by the estimation error are presented, where exponential error convergence is proved under the conventional persistent excitation (PE) condition; the direct measurement of the time derivatives of the system states are avoided. The adaptive laws are modified via a sliding mode technique to achieve finite‐time convergence, and an online verification of the alternative PE condition is introduced. Leakage terms, functions of the estimation error, are incorporated into the adaptation laws to avoid windup of the adaptation algorithms. The adaptive algorithm applied to robotic systems permits that tracking control and exact parameter estimation are achieved simultaneously in finite time using a terminal sliding mode (TSM) control law. In this case, the PE condition can be replaced with a sufficient richness requirement of the command signals and thus is verifiable a priori. The potential singularity problem encountered in TSM controls is remedied by introducing a two‐phase control procedure. The robustness of the proposed methods against disturbances is investigated. Simulations based on the ‘Bristol‐Elumotion‐Robotic‐Torso II’ (BERT II) are provided to validate the efficacy of the introduced methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Big Data with Cloud Computing: an insight on the computing environment, MapReduce, and programming frameworks
Authors: Fernández Alberto , del Río Sara , López Victoria , Bawakid Abdullah , del Jesus María J. , Benítez José M. , Herrera Francisco 
Published: September 2014

The term ‘Big Data’ has spread rapidly in the framework of Data Mining and Business Intelligence. This new scenario can be defined by means of those problems that cannot be effectively or efficiently addressed using the standard computing resources that we currently have. We must emphasize that Big Data does not just imply large volumes of data but also the necessity for scalability, i.e., to ensure a response in an acceptable elapsed time. When the scalability term is considered, usually traditional parallel‐type solutions are contemplated, such as the Message Passing Interface or high performance and distributed Database Management Systems. Nowadays there is a new paradigm that has gained popularity over the latter due to the number of benefits it offers. This model is Cloud Computing, and among its main features we has to stress its elasticity in the use of computing resources and space, less management effort, and flexible costs. In this article, we provide an overview on the topic of Big Data, and how the current problem can be addressed from the perspective of Cloud Computing and its programming frameworks. In particular, we focus on those systems for large‐scale analytics based on the MapReduce scheme and Hadoop, its open‐source implementation. We identify several libraries and software projects that have been developed for aiding practitioners to address this new programming model. We also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of MapReduce, in contrast to the classical solutions in this field. Finally, we present a number of programming frameworks that have been proposed as an alternative to MapReduce, developed under the premise of solving the shortcomings of this model in certain scenarios and platforms. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2014, 4:380–409. doi: 10.1002/widm.1134This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Computer Architectures for Data Mining
Lymph node staging using dedicated magnetic resonance contrast agents—the accumulation mechanism revisited
Authors: Schütz Gunnar , Lohrke Jessica , Pietsch Hubertus 
Published: September 2014

When diagnosing cancer, assessing the nodal stage is tremendously important in determining the patient's prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) assessments of the regional lymph node (LN) size and shape are currently used for the initial nodal staging in clinical settings, although this approach has a rather low sensitivity, and biopsy often leads to restaging of the LNs. Acknowledging the great medical need to accurately stage LNs, scientists and clinicians have been working since the late 1980s on MR contrast agents that provide more reliable staging results. Different types of molecules (i.e., iron oxide nanoparticles and Gd‐based contrast agent) have shown promising LN accumulation and imaging results, but no clinically approved, dedicated LN staging contrast agent is currently available. The literature describes a mechanism of contrast agent accumulation in the LNs that considers some but not all published experimental evidence. However, confidence in the mechanism of LN accumulation is a prerequisite for the directed synthesis of compounds for accurate and sensitive LN staging. To improve our understanding of the LN contrast agent accumulation mechanism, we reviewed the published data on the enrichment of colloidal MR contrast agent candidates in LNs, and we suggest an extended mechanism for contrast agent enrichment in LNs. For further clarification, physiology and results from drug targeting studies are considered where applicable. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:238–249. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1290This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Synthesis and X‐ray Structural Characterization of Di‐p‐aminobenzenediselenide [p‐H2NC6H4Se]2 and its Mercury(II) Derivatives
Authors: Bublitz Fabrício , de Azevedo Mello Melina , Cocco Durigon Daniele , Tirloni Bárbara , Schulz Lang Ernesto 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA synthetic route to obtain [p‐H2NC6H4Se]2 (1) in good yield was developed, and the crystal structure of the product was characterized for the first time. The synthesis and structure of the mercury(II) derivative [Hg(SeC6H4NH2)2] (2) was also investigated and is reported herein. The versatile coordination chemistry of [Hg(SeC6H4NH2)2] with halides of the same metal and PCy3 allows the synthesis of [Hg(X)(SeC6H4NH2)(PCy3)] (X = Cl, Br, I) (3–5). The products 1, 3–5 were isolated in crystalline form and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis.
Reappraisal of Evidence of Microscopic Portal Vein Involvement by Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells with Stratification of Tumor Size
Authors: Zhong Yuesi , Deng Meihai , Xu Ruiyun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related death internationally, it is necessary to reappraise evidences of HCC cells involving the portal vein, especially considering tumor size.Materials and methodsHistopathological evidence and dynamic evidences of radiology and cytology from publication were collected and analyzed.ResultsFrequencies of microscopic portal vein involvement (MPVI) and microscopic intrahepatic metastasis (MIM) in resected specimens with single nodule HCC were lower than that of multi nodule HCC, although not significantly. Early HCC (≤1.5 cm) was with extremely low to 0 frequencies of MPVI and MIM. HCC >5 cm showed a tendency of flowing HCC cells into portal vein, which was coincident with significantly high frequency (64.1 %) of MPVI for HCC >5 cm. There were no significant difference of frequencies of MPVI and MIM between groups of tumor ≤2, ≤3, and ≤5 cm.ConclusionsSingle nodule HCC >5 cm needs anatomic resection and the root of portal vein should be firstly ligated because of tendency of flowing HCC cells into portal vein. For single nodule HCC ≤2 cm, there was a risk of about 16.2 % of MPVI, and a risk of about 16.2–26.4 % of MPVI for those single nodule HCC ≤5 cm, however, there was a risk of extremely low to 0 of MPVI for early HCC (≤1.5 cm). Surgeons have to balance liver reserve and risk of MPVI for HCC ≤5 cm before deciding anatomic or nonanatomic resection.
Does Prior Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Alter Post‐operative Outcome After Esophagectomy
Authors: Bhatti Abu Bakar Hafeez , Rizvi Farrukh Hassan , Waheed Anum , Raza Syed Hassan , Syed Aamir Ali , Khattak Shahid , Aasim Yusuf M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundWith the introduction of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal carcinoma, nutritional access has become essential to counter deleterious effects of dysphagia. Current NCCN guidelines do not recommend PEG prior to esophagectomy in these patients, but there is little evidence for this recommendation. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes in patients who underwent esophagectomy with or without prior PEG placement.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 96 patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2005 and 2012 for esophageal carcinoma. Patients were divided into two groups; Group I (PEG +ve) and Group II (PEG −ve). Patient characteristics, operative variables, and post‐operative complications were compared. χ2 and Fisher’s test were used for categorical, while t test was used for interval variables.ResultsMedian age was 51(18–70) years. Lower thoracic tumors were more common in Group I (69 vs. 63 %) (P = 0.04) and more patients underwent minimally invasive surgery in this group (50 vs. 2.6 %) (P < 0.0001). Mean blood loss (326 vs. 465 ml) (P = 0.02) and ICU stay (1.6 vs. 4.3 days) (P = 0.01) were significantly lower in Group I. There was no 30‐day mortality in Group I versus 10.5 % in Group II (P = 0.01). No significant difference in anastomotic leak and stricture rate was observed. Gastric conduit was used in all patients for reconstruction. One patient had malignancy in PEG site biopsy.ConclusionPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before esophagectomy is safe and does not adversely impact post‐operative outcomes.
Gesundheit zwischen staatlicher und privater Verantwortung
Authors: Kuhn Joseph 
Published: September 2014

Einleitung
In der neoliberalen Gesellschaft hat das Konzept „Eigenverantwortung“ auch im Gesundheitsbereich einen hohen Stellenwert. Es scheint der staatlichen Verantwortung für die Gesundheit diametral entgegenzustehen, angemessener wäre hier jedoch eine dialektische Perspektive.
Relationship of antimony with gold mineralization in the ore districts of Eastern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kovalev K.R. , Kalinin Yu.A. , Naumov E.A. , Myagkaya M.K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In Eastern Kazakhstan, Sb mineralization is the most widespread in the Irtysh and Bakyrchik ore districts of the West Kalba gold-bearing belt. It is spatially related to disseminated gold-sulfide ores at some deposits and is structurally and spatially isolated at others. Disseminated gold-sulfide mineralization is localized in Carboniferous carbonaceous–terrigenous carbonate rocks. It is marked off by zones of dynamic metamorphism and foliation and is characterized by the ribbon-like-lenticular morphology of ore deposits. Later Sb (predominantly, quartz–antimonite) mineralization is formed in an extension setting as brecciated/veined ores. In combination with gold-sulfide ores, Sb mineralization is more diverse. For example, microparageneses with berthierite, native Sb, aurostibite, ullmannite, jamesonite, and tetrahedrite coexist with pocket-vein quartz–carbonate–antimonite mineralization in the gold-sulfide ores of the Suzdal’skoe deposit. Also, Sb-containing minerals such as arsenopyrite and pyrite are observed. Two temperature regimes of mineralization are established here: 418–300 °C for gold-polysulfide mineralization and 280–200 °C for later Sb mineralization. The isotopic composition of antimonite sulfur at the Suzdal’skoe, Zherek, Zhanan, Bakyrchik, and Dal’ny I deposits shows close values within the interval δ34S of –3.8 to 2.5‰, suggesting its great-depth origin. No visible gold is found in the antimonite of the quartz–antimonite veins, but atomic-absorption analysis reveals few ppm or more gold. Point X-ray analysis indicates the possible presence of the so-called “invisible” gold. Microstructural observations, temporal relationships of the parageneses, and studies of gas–liquid inclusions at the Suzdal’skoe deposit permit assigning Sb mineralization to the second productive gold-polysulfide stage of the ore deposition. The late antimonite stage of mineralization is separated from the gold-polysulfide stage by 7 Myr long intramineralization tectonic shifts. Gold-polysulfide mineralization (248.3 ± 3.4 Ma) was synchronous with Triassic tectonomagmatic activity.
The origin of sand deposits in the South Minusa basin
Authors: Arzhannikova A.V. , Arzhannikov S.G. , Akulova V.V. , Danilova Yu.V. , Danilov B.S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the origin of a large number of sand massifs concentrated in the South Minusa basin. The study of the sand deposits was based on field and laboratory work. Cross sections were selected in such a way as to penetrate the deposits of ridgy sands and the underlying surface at different hypsometric levels. Cross-section studies have demonstrated that the sands formed both under subaerial and subaqueous conditions. Analysis of the work of our predecessors has shown that the formation of a thick unit of subaqueous sand deposits, including those at high hypsometric levels, might be related to the removal of large amounts of sediments by catastrophic flooding along the Yenisei River caused by the failure of an ice dam in the Darhad basin at ~ 17 ka. The overlying sand deposits, which now occur as sand bars, are of eolian genesis. These bars formed in the Late Holocene owing to eolian transport and redeposition of the underlying sand members.
Zonal stratigraphy and biogeography of the West Siberian Oxfordian based on ammonites
Authors: Meledina S.V. , Alifirov A.S. , Aleinikov A.N. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Oxfordian Stage of West Siberia contains Boreal ammonites Cardioceratidae. The authors’ bank of paleontological data includes ~ 500 definitions of Cardioceratinae, permitting a considerable refinement of the official Oxfordian regional zonal scale. The lower substage is divided into the Cardioceras (Scarburgiceras) obliteratum, C. (S.) scarburgense, and C. (S.) gloriosum Zones instead of beds with C. (S.) spp., whereas the C. (Cardioceras) percaelatum and C. (C.) cordatum Zones are recognized instead of beds with C. (C.) spp. We have found new ammonites typical of the Middle Oxfordian C. (Subvertebriceras) densiplicatum and C. (Miticardioceras) tenuiserratum Zones. The first of these zones is divided into two subzones. The Upper Oxfordian includes the Amoeboceras glosense and A. serratum Zones instead of beds with A. spp., and the A. regulare Zone and beds with A. rosenkrantzi are recognized instead of the A. ex gr. regulare Zone. The genus Ringsteadia (Aulacostephanidae) is observed only in the northwestern part of the region, along the eastern slope of the North Urals; therefore, two upper units of the biostratigraphic scale correspond to beds with Ringsteadia marstonensis.
In the Oxfordian, West Siberia and northern Siberia belonged to the North Siberian province of the Arctic realm. Only in the latest Oxfordian did the northwestern West Siberian basin become part of the Boreal–Atlantic realm, as evidenced by the distribution of Ringsteadia on the eastern slope of the Cis-Polar Urals.
Origin of anomalies of radon volume activity during failure of rocks
Authors: Belikov V.T. , Kozlova I.A. , Ryvkin D.G. , Yurkov A.K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Experimental and theoretical research into the processes of radon emanation during failure of rocks has been carried out. We propose a physical model for the mechanisms of origin of anomalies of radon volume activity. Based on the obtained experimental data, relative changes in the open porosity and specific inner surface of rock during its failure have been studied.