bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Texting Laws on Motor Vehicular Fatalities in the United States
Authors: Ferdinand Alva O. , Menachemi Nir , Sen Bisakha , Blackburn Justin L. , Morrisey Michael , Nelson Leonard 
Published: June 2014

Using a panel study design, we examined the effects of different types of texting bans on motor vehicular fatalities. We used the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and a difference-in-differences approach to examine the incidence of fatal crashes in 2000 through 2010 in 48 US states with and without texting bans. Age cohorts were constructed to examine the impact of these bans on age-specific traffic fatalities. Primarily enforced laws banning all drivers from texting were significantly associated with a 3% reduction in traffic fatalities in all age groups, and those banning only young drivers from texting had the greatest impact on reducing deaths among those aged 15 to 21 years. Secondarily enforced restrictions were not associated with traffic fatality reductions in any of our analyses.
Primary Prevention of Lead Poisoning: Protecting Children From Unsafe Housing
Authors: Rogers Michelle L. , Lucht James A. , Sylvaria Alyssa J. , Cigna Jessica , Vanderslice Robert , Vivier Patrick M. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We examined the effects of changes in Rhode Island’s Lead Hazard Mitigation Law in 2005 on children’s blood lead levels. Methods. We used 2005 to 2009 data from Rhode Island’s Lead Elimination Surveillance System; city tax assessor records in Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket, Rhode Island; and records of conformance to the state’s lead hazard mitigation law, to assess the extent to which legislation changes resulted in minimizing children’s exposure to lead. Results. During the 5-year study, the proportion of properties that complied with the new law increased for properties that housed young children. However, the majority of rental properties did not comply with the law. Children’s lead levels declined by approximately 1 microgram per deciliter on average in properties that did comply, demonstrating that the law could have a protective effect for children. Conclusions. Legislation changes increased the proportion of properties that were certified as nonhazardous, leading to decreased blood lead levels for children living in these properties. However, legislation cannot be a highly effective primary prevention strategy if it does not cover all properties where children live and is not strictly enforced.
Self-Report Tool for Recognizing Mania (SToRM): A New Scale for Aiding in the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Blackman Karen S. , Odom Amy J. , Williamson Brittany , Miller Marissa A. , Tewari Megha , Weismantel David 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Bipolar disorder is a disabling disease that is difficult to diagnose. Primary care physicians share in the burden of diagnosing and caring for significant mental illness, including bipolar disorder, but they lack an adequate screening and diagnostic tool that can fit into use in a primary care practice. Modeling after the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, we created the Self-report Tool for Recognizing Mania (SToRM) to aid primary care physicians in the screening and diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Methods: A 13-question tool was created and distributed to returning patients over an 11-month time period at the psychiatric clinic of a university health center. Each completed questionnaire was scored as positive or negative and then compared to the preexisting psychiatric diagnosis for that respondent, as shown on the problem list of the respondent's electronic medical record. Results: A total of 102 subjects completed and returned their questionnaires. Twenty-eight surveys were scored as positive for bipolar disorder while 25 subjects carried this diagnosis on their problem list, giving a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 87% (CI at 95%). When alternative scoring was used, sensitivity increased to 96% with only a slight decrease in specificity to 84%. Conclusions: In this pilot study, we find that the SToRM shows potential in the pursuit of a highly reliable, self-report tool which could help primary care providers screen and diagnose bipolar disorder. As such, the SToRM deserves further study.
Quetiapine-Induced Neutropenia in a Bipolar Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Han-Ching , Chung Kuo-Hsuan 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Quetiapine is a dibenzothiazepine derivative, similar to clozapine, which has the highest risk of causing blood dyscrasias, especially neutropenia. There are some case reports about this side effect of quetiapine, but possible risk factors are seldom discussed and identified. A case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma that developed neutropenia after treatment with quetiapine is described here. Case Report: A 62-year-old Taiwanese widow with bipolar disorder was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma at age 60. She developed leucopenia after being treated with quetiapine. After quetiapine was discontinued, her white blood cell count returned to normal. Conclusions: Although neutropenia is not a common side effect of quetiapine, physicians should be cautious about its presentation and associated risk factors. Hepatic dysfunction may be one of the possible risk factors, and concomitant fever may be a diagnostic marker for adverse reaction to quetiapine.
Safety of Outpatient Closed-Loop Control: First Randomized Crossover Trials of a Wearable Artificial Pancreas
Authors: Kovatchev Boris P. , Renard Eric , Cobelli Claudio , Zisser Howard C. , Keith-Hynes Patrick , Anderson Stacey M. , Brown Sue A. , Chernavvsky Daniel R. , Breton Marc D. , Mize Lloyd B. , Farret Anne , Place Jérôme , Bruttomesso Daniela , Del Favero Simone , Boscari Federico , Galasso Silvia , Avogaro Angelo , Magni Lalo , Di Palma Federico , Toffanin Chiara , Messori Mirko , Dassau Eyal , Doyle Francis J. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
We estimate the effect size of hypoglycemia risk reduction on closed-loop control (CLC) versus open-loop (OL) sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in supervised outpatient setting.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty patients with type 1 diabetes initiated the study at the Universities of Virginia, Padova, and Montpellier and Sansum Diabetes Research Institute; 18 completed the entire protocol. Each patient participated in two 40-h outpatient sessions, CLC versus OL, in randomized order. Sensor (Dexcom G4) and insulin pump (Tandem t:slim) were connected to Diabetes Assistant (DiAs)—a smartphone artificial pancreas platform. The patient operated the system through the DiAs user interface during both CLC and OL; study personnel supervised on site and monitored DiAs remotely. There were no dietary restrictions; 45-min walks in town and restaurant dinners were included in both CLC and OL; alcohol was permitted.

RESULTS
The primary outcome—reduction in risk for hypoglycemia as measured by the low blood glucose (BG) index (LGBI)—resulted in an effect size of 0.64, P = 0.003, with a twofold reduction of hypoglycemia requiring carbohydrate treatment: 1.2 vs. 2.4 episodes/session on CLC versus OL (P = 0.02). This was accompanied by a slight decrease in percentage of time in the target range of 3.9–10 mmol/L (66.1 vs. 70.7%) and increase in mean BG (8.9 vs. 8.4 mmol/L; P = 0.04) on CLC versus OL.

CONCLUSIONS
CLC running on a smartphone (DiAs) in outpatient conditions reduced hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia treatments when compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy. This was accompanied by marginal increase in average glycemia resulting from a possible overemphasis on hypoglycemia safety.
Lidocaine Concentration in Mandibular Bone After Subperiosteal Infiltration Anesthesia Decreases With Elevation of Periosteal Flap and Irrigation With Saline
Authors: Ogawa Sachie , Watanabe Masahiro , Kawaai Hiroyoshi , Tada Hitoshi , Yamazaki Shinya 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
It has been reported that the action of infiltration anesthesia on the jawbone is attenuated significantly by elevation of the periosteal flap with saline irrigation in clinical studies; however, the reason is unclear. Therefore, the lidocaine concentration in mandibular bone after subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia was measured under several surgical conditions. The subjects were 48 rabbits. Infiltration anesthesia by 0.5 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 80,000 epinephrine (adrenaline) was injected into the right mandibular angle and left mandibular body, respectively. Under several surgical conditions (presence or absence of periosteal flap, and presence or absence of saline irrigation), both mandibular bone samples were removed at a fixed time after subperiosteal infiltration anesthesia. The lidocaine concentration in each mandibular bone sample was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, elevation of the periosteal flap with saline irrigation significantly decreased the lidocaine concentration in the mandibular bone. It is suggested that the anesthetic in the bone was washed out by saline irrigation. Therefore, supplemental conduction and/or general anesthesia should be utilized for long operations that include elevation of the periosteal flap with saline irrigation.
Cerebrovascular Accident Under Anesthesia During Dental Surgery
Authors: Cooke Mathew , Cuddy Michael A. , Farr Brad , Moore Paul A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a medical emergency that may lead to permanent neurological damage, complications, and death. The rapid loss of brain function due to disruption of the blood supply to the brain is caused by blockage (thrombosis, arterial embolism) or hemorrhage. The incidence of CVA during anesthesia for noncardiac nonvascular surgery is as high as 1% depending on risk factors. Comprehensive preoperative assessment and good perioperative management may prevent a CVA. However, should an ischemic event occur, appropriate and rapid management is necessary to minimize the deleterious effects caused to the patient. This case report describes a patient who had an ischemic CVA while under general anesthesia for dental alveolar surgery and discusses the anesthesia management.
De Morgan Functions and Free De Morgan Algebras
Authors: Movsisyan Yu. M. , Aslanyan V. A. , Manoogian Alex 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
It is commonly known that the free Boolean algebra on n free generators is isomorphic to the Boolean algebra of Boolean functions of n variables. The free bounded distributive lattice on n free generators is isomorphic to the bounded lattice of monotone Boolean functions of n variables. In this paper, we introduce the concept of De Morgan function and prove that the free De Morgan algebra on n free generators is isomorphic to the De Morgan algebra of De Morgan functions of n variables. This is a solution of the problem suggested by B. I. Plotkin.
Semidirect Product of Groupoids and Associated Algebras
Authors: Pysiak Leszek , Eckstein Michał , Heller Michał , Sasin Wiesław 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
One of the pressing problems in mathematical physics is to find a generalized Poincaré symmetry that could be applied to nonflat space-times. As a step in this direction, we define the semidirect product of groupoids Γ0 ⋊ Γ1 and investigate its properties. We also define the crossed product of a bundle of algebras with the groupoid Γ1 and prove that it is isomorphic to the convolutive algebra of the groupoid Γ0 ⋊ Γ1. We show that families of unitary representations of semidirect product groupoids in a bundle of Hilbert spaces are random operators. An important example is the Poincaré groupoid defined as the semidirect product of the subgroupoid of generalized Lorentz transformations and the subgroupoid of generalized translations.
Fiber energy efficiency Part II: Forces acting on the refiner bars
Authors: Karlström Anders , Eriksson Karin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper it is shown that the defibration and fibrillation work in thermo mechanical pulp refiners can differ significantly dependent on the process conditions. This has a direct impact on the distributed force in the refining zones obtained when the bars hit the fibers or fiber bundles. The distributed force, which is defined as a vector along the surface of the refining segments, is estimated using a model where the total work can be split into reversible and irreversible work. Besides traditional refiner variables such as motor load, dilution water added and inlet- and casing pressures, measurements of temperature profiles in the refining zone and plate gaps from a fullscale CD-refiner are available as inputs. Three data sets are analyzed and it is shown that the shape of the temperature profile and the force distribution vary significantly. This means that the fiber distribution in the refining zone varies as well which affects the final development of the pulp properties. The refining segment pattern and taper play an important role when estimating the force distribution and it is stated that the force distribution close to the contraction part of the flat zone as well as the outer part of the conical section are larger than in other positions. Therefore, specific energy which can be seen as the integral of the total energy distribution along the refining segments cannot be used when describing the variations in the distributed forces.
Immediate Efficacy of Neuromuscular Exercise in Patients with Severe Osteoarthritis of the Hip or Knee: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Villadsen Allan , Overgaard Søren , Holsgaard-Larsen Anders , Christensen Robin , Roos Ewa M. 
Published: June 2014

Objective.Knowledge about the effects of exercise in severe and endstage osteoarthritis (OA) is limited. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a neuromuscular exercise program in patients with clinically severe hip or knee OA.Methods.This was a randomized controlled assessor-blinded trial. Patients received an educational package (care-as-usual) only, or care-as-usual plus an 8-week neuromuscular exercise intervention (NEMEX-TJR). NEMEX-TJR was supervised by a physiotherapist, twice weekly for 1 h. The primary outcome was Activities of Daily Living (ADL) subscale from the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. The secondary outcomes were the HOOS/KOOS subscales Pain, Symptoms, Sport and Recreation, and Joint-related Quality of Life. Exploratory outcomes were functional performance measures and lower limb muscle power.Results.Included were 165 patients, 56% female, average age 67 years (SD ± 8), and a body mass index of 30 (SD ± 5), who were scheduled for primary hip or knee replacement. The postintervention difference between mean changes in ADL was 7.2 points (95% CI 3.5 to 10.9, p = 0.0002) in favor of NEMEX-TJR compared with control. Second, there were statistically significant differences between groups in favor of NEMEX-TJR on all self-reported outcomes and most functional performance tests (walk, chair stands, and 1-leg knee bends). Stratified analyses according to joint revealed moderate effect size for ADL for hip patients (0.63, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.00). Corresponding effect size for knee patients was small (0.23 95% CI −0.14 to 0.60).Conclusion.Feasibility of neuromuscular exercise was confirmed in patients about to have total joint replacement. Self-reported activities of daily living and objective performance were improved and pain reduced immediately following 8 weeks of neuromuscular exercise. While the effects were moderate in hip OA, they were only small in knee OA.ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier:NCT01003756.
Autoantibodies to the Rpp25 Component of the Th/To Complex are the Most Common Antibodies in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis without Antibodies Detectable by Widely Available Commercial Tests
Authors: Mahler Michael , Satoh Minoru , Hudson Marie , Baron Murray , Chan Jason Y.F. , Chan Edward K.L. , Wick James , Fritzler Marvin J. ,   and the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group
Published: June 2014

Objective.Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) occur in up to 95% of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). In most, SSc-associated antibodies are detected (i.e., centromere, topoisomerase I, RNA polymerase III, PM/Scl, Ro52/TRIM21, and U1RNP). Ribonuclease P protein subunit p25, (Rpp25) is an autoantigenic component of the Th/To complex. The contribution of anti-Th/To and anti-Rpp25 antibodies to ANA positivity in patients with SSc remains unknown.Methods.Sera from 873 patients with SSc were tested for ANA, and SSc-associated antibodies were measured. Samples without antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA; n = 53, ANA+/ENA−), were analyzed by immunoprecipitation (IP) and metabolically labeled proteins and for anti-Rpp25 antibodies (n = 50) by a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and Rpp25 ELISA.Results.Anti-Th/To antibodies occurred in 19/53 (36%), as determined by IP, and were the most common autoantibody in ANA+/ENA− SSc. Of those samples, 50/53 were available for additional testing by CLIA and ELISA. Anti-Rpp25 antibodies were detected in 12 (24% CLIA) or 10 (20% ELISA) of 50 patients. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed similar discrimination between Th/To IP-positive (n = 19) and -negative samples (n = 31) by CLIA and ELISA (area under the curve 0.90 vs 0.87; p = 0.6691). The positive percent agreement between IP and CLIA or ELISA was 12/19 (63.2%, 95% CI 38.4–83.7%) or 10/19 (52.6%, 95% CI 73.3–94.2%), respectively. Negative percent agreement was 100% for both assays.Conclusion.Autoantibodies to the Th/To autoantigen are important in patients with SSc who have been considered negative for SSc-specific or SSc-associated antibodies by widely available commercial assays. Rpp25 can be considered a major target of anti-Th/To antibodies. Assays detecting anti-Th/To and anti-Rpp25 antibodies may be important in SSc.
The Association of Socioeconomic Status and Symptom Severity in Persons with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Fitzcharles Mary-Ann , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Ste-Marie Peter A. , Sampalis John S. , Shir Yoram 
Published: June 2014

Objective.Although persons with lower socioeconomic status (SES) generally have poorer health status for many medical conditions, the association of SES with symptom severity in fibromyalgia (FM) is unknown. The subjective symptoms of FM may be influenced by personal perceptions, and environmental and psychosocial factors. Therefore SES may influence symptom expression and severity.Methods.Data for this cross-sectional analysis were obtained from a real-life prospective cohort of 246 patients with FM categorized according to level of education: high school graduates or less (Group 1; n = 99), college graduates (Group 2; n = 84), and university graduates (Group 3; n = 63). The association between level of education, a well-validated measure of SES, and disease severity, functional status, and quality of life were examined.Results.Lower education was significantly associated with older age (p = 0.039), current unemployment (p < 0.001), and more severe disease, as measured by patient global assessment disease activity (p = 0.019), McGill Pain Questionnaire (p = 0.026), Pain Disability Index (p = 0.031), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (p = 0.015), Health Assessment Questionnaire (p = 0.001), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (p = 0.002), but not pain level, anxiety, or depression. These associations remained significant even upon adjusting for age and sex differences.Conclusion.Patients with FM and lower SES, as assessed by education level, reported greater symptom severity and functional impairment, despite reporting similar levels of pain, depression, and anxiety. Although FM spans all socioeconomic groups, factors other than specific disease characteristics or mental status, appear to play an important role in patients’ perception of illness.
"Anime's media mix: Franchising toys and characters in Japan," by Marc Steinberg
Authors: Monk-Payton Brandeise 
Published: June 2014

Review of Marc Steinberg. Anime's media mix: Franchising toys and characters in Japan. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012. Paperback $25.00 (304p) ISBN 978-0-8166-7550-0, hardcover $75.00 (304p) ISBN 978-0-8166-7549-4.
Innate PLZF+CD4+ αβ T Cells Develop and Expand in the Absence of Itk
Authors: Prince Amanda L. , Watkin Levi B. , Yin Catherine C. , Selin Liisa K. , Kang Joonsoo , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Berg Leslie J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
T cell development in the thymus produces multiple lineages of cells, including innate T cells. Studies in mice harboring alterations in TCR signaling proteins or transcriptional regulators have revealed an expanded population of CD4+ innate T cells in the thymus that produce IL-4 and express the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF). In these mice, IL-4 produced by the CD4+PLZF+ T cell population leads to the conversion of conventional CD8+ thymocytes into innate CD8+ T cells resembling memory T cells expressing eomesodermin. The expression of PLZF, the signature invariant NKT cell transcription factor, in these innate CD4+ T cells suggests that they might be a subset of αβ or γδ TCR+ NKT cells or mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. To address these possibilities, we characterized the CD4+PLZF+ innate T cells in itk−/− mice. We show that itk−/− innate PLZF+CD4+ T cells are not CD1d-dependent NKT cells, MR1-dependent MAIT cells, or γδ T cells. Furthermore, although the itk−/− innate PLZF+CD4+ T cells express αβ TCRs, neither β2-microglobulin–dependent MHC class I nor any MHC class II molecules are required for their development. In contrast to invariant NKT cells and MAIT cells, this population has a highly diverse TCRα-chain repertoire. Analysis of peripheral tissues indicates that itk−/− innate PLZF+CD4+ T cells preferentially home to spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes owing to increased expression of gut-homing receptors, and that their expansion is regulated by commensal gut flora. These data support the conclusion that itk−/− innate PLZF+CD4+ T cells are a novel subset of innate T cells.
ERAP1–ERAP2 Dimerization Increases Peptide-Trimming Efficiency
Authors: Evnouchidou Irini , Weimershaus Mirjana , Saveanu Loredana , van Endert Peter 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 play a critical role in the production of final epitopes presented by MHC class I molecules. Formation of heterodimers by ERAP1 and ERAP2 has been proposed to facilitate trimming of epitope precursor peptides, but the effects of dimerization on ERAP function remain unknown. In this study, we produced stabilized ERAP1–ERAP2 heterodimers and found that they produced several mature epitopes more efficiently than a mix of the two enzymes unable to dimerize. Physical interaction with ERAP2 changes basic enzymatic parameters of ERAP1 and improves its substrate-binding affinity. Thus, by bringing the two enzymes in proximity and by producing allosteric effects on ERAP1, dimerization of ERAP1/2 creates complexes with superior peptide-trimming efficacy. Such complexes are likely to enhance Ag presentation by cells displaying coordinated expression of the two enzymes.