bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Adoption of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Parker Michelle W. , Schaffzin Joshua K. , Lo Vecchio Andrea , Yau Connie , Vonderhaar Karen , Guiot Amy , Brinkman William B. , White Christine M. , Simmons Jeffrey M. , Gerhardt Wendy E. , Kotagal Uma R. , Conway Patrick H. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
A 2007 meta-analysis showed probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), shorten diarrhea from acute gastroenteritis (AGE) by 24 hours and decrease risk of progression beyond 7 days. In 2005, our institution published a guideline recommending consideration of probiotics for patients with AGE, but only 1% of inpatients with AGE were prescribed LGG. The objective of this study was to increase inpatient prescribing of LGG at admission to &gt;90%, for children hospitalized with AGE, within 120 days.

METHODS:
This quality improvement study included patients aged 2 months to 18 years admitted to general pediatrics with AGE with diarrhea. Diarrhea was defined as looser or ≥3 stools in the preceding 24 hours. Patients with complex medical conditions or with presumed bacterial gastroenteritis were excluded. Admitting and supervising clinicians were educated on the evidence. We ensured LGG was adequately stocked in our pharmacies and updated an AGE-specific computerized order set to include a default LGG order. Failure identification and mitigation were conducted via daily electronic chart review and e-mail communication. Primary outcome was the percentage of included patients prescribed LGG within 18 hours of admission. Intervention impact was assessed with run charts tracking our primary outcome over time.

RESULTS:
The prescribing rate increased to 100% within 6 weeks and has been sustained for 7 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Keys to success were pharmacy collaboration, use of an electronic medical record for a standardized order set, and rapid identification and mitigation of failures. Rapid implementation of evidence-based practices is possible using improvement science methods.
Roles of Impurities and Implantation Depth on He+- Cavity Shape in Silicon
Authors: Regula Gabrielle , Bouayadi Rachid El , Lancin Maryse , Ntsoenzok Esidor , Pichaud Bernard , Ruault Marie-Odile 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSilicon samples were implanted with He+ ions at energies varying from 10keV to 1.55MeV using doses ranging from 1.45×1016 cm-2 to 5×1016cm-2 to obtain similar He concentration at each projection range (Rp). In few samples, gold, platinum, nickel or silver was introduced prior to He+ implantation by diffusion at temperatures ranging from 870°C to 1050°C. All samples were annealed in the 400°C–1050°C temperature range to determine the equilibrium stage of the growth of the cavity. The cavity characteristics (distribution, shape and size) were studied by cross section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Their morphology demonstrates the validity of the chemisorption hypothesis when they grow in silicon intentionally contaminated by metal. A consequence of the surface proximity on the cavity characteristics was verified and allows stepping forward two regimes of cavity growth: one, very fast, taking place in a He-free environment and another one, slower, occurring in a He-rich atmosphere.
General Model of Diffusion of Interstitial Oxygen in Silicon and Germanium Crystals
Authors: Gusakov Vasilii 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA theoretical modeling of the oxygen diffusivity in silicon and germanium crystals both at normal and high hydrostatic pressure has been carried out using molecular mechanics, semiempirical and ab-initio methods. It was established that the diffusion process of an interstitial oxygen atom (Oi) is controlled by the optimum configuration of three silicon (germanium) atoms nearest to Oi. The calculated values of the activation energy δEa(Si) = 2.59 eV, δEa(Ge) = 2.05 eVand pre-exponential factorD0(Si) = 0.28 cm2s-1,D0(Ge) = 0.39 cm2s-1are in a good agreement with experimental ones and for the first time describe perfectly an experimental temperature dependence of the Oi diffusion constant in Si crystals (T=350 - 1200°C). Hydrostatic pressure (P≤80kabar) results in a linear decrease of the diffusion barrier (∂PδEa(P)= -4.38 10-3eVkbar-1for Si crystals). The calculated pressure dependence of Oidiffusivity in silicon crystals agrees well with the pressure-enhanced initial growth of oxygenrelated thermal donors.
Mechanism of Dopant Activation Enhancement in Shallow Junctions by Hydrogen
Authors: Vengurlekar A. , Ashok S. , Kalnas Christine. E. , Ye H. Win 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe ability to activate greater amounts of dopants is a significant challenge for the realization of shallow junctions in device scaling for Si CMOS technology. Dopant activation is difficult to achieve in shallow junctions due to higher concentrations of dopants and possible formation of dopant clusters. The high temperatures currently used to activate dopants result in increased junction depth and process integration issues with high-k dielectrics. However, lowering the annealing temperature results in lesser dopant activation and problems with transient enhanced diffusion. Our previous work reported on the enhancement of activation in boron implanted at a dose of 5E14/cm2 and annealed at temperatures of 450 °C and below, by the incorporation of atomic hydrogen introduced by exposing the substrate to a hydrogen plasma at 250 °C. In this work, further experiments have been carried out to get a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for boron activation enhancement. Hydrogen-related activation was studied in boron, phosphorus and antimony implanted samples. The experimental results shed new light on the interactions among atomic hydrogen, point defects and dopants.
Mixed Nano/Micro‐Sized Calcium Phosphate Composite and EDTA Root Surface Etching Improve Availability of Graft Material in Intrabony Defects: An In Vivo Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation
Authors: Gamal Ahmed Y. , Iacono Vincent J. 
Published: March 2013

Background: The use of nanoparticles of graft materials may lead to breakthrough applications for periodontal regeneration. However, due to their small particle size, nanoparticles may be eliminated from periodontal defects by phagocytosis. In an attempt to improve nanoparticle retention in periodontal defects, the present in vivo study uses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the potential of micrograft particles of β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) to enhance the binding and retention of nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHA) on EDTA‐treated and non‐treated root surfaces in periodontal defects after 14 days of healing.Methods: Sixty patients having at least two hopeless periodontally affected teeth designated for extraction were randomly divided into four treatment groups (15 patients per group). Patients in group 1 had selected periodontal intrabony defects grafted with nHA of particle size 10 to 100 nm. Patients in group 2 were treated in a similar manner but had the affected roots etched for 2 minutes with a neutral 24% EDTA gel before grafting of the associated vertical defects with nHA. Patients in group 3 had the selected intrabony defects grafted with a composite graft consisting of equal volumes of nHA and β‐TCP (particle size 63 to 150 nm). Patients in group 4 were treated as in group 3 but the affected roots were etched with neutral 24% EDTA as in group 2. For each of the four groups, one tooth was extracted immediately, and the second tooth was extracted after 14 days of healing for SEM evaluation.Results: Fourteen days after surgery, all group 1 samples were devoid of any nanoparticles adherent to the root surfaces. Group 2 showed root surface areas 44.7% covered by a single layer of clot‐blended grafted particles 14 days following graft application. After 14 days, group 3 samples appeared to retain fibrin strands devoid of grafted particles. Immediately extracted root samples of group 4 had adherent graft particles that covered a considerable area of the root surfaces (88.6%). Grafted particles appeared to cover all samples in a multilayered pattern. After 14 days, the group 4 extracted samples showed multilayered fibrin‐covered nano/micro‐sized graft particles adherent to the root surfaces (78.5%).Conclusion: The use of a composite graft consisting of nHA and microsized β‐TCP after root surface treatment with 24% EDTA may be a suitable method to improve nHA retention in periodontal defects with subsequent graft bioreactivity.
Fine Mapping of the SCN Resistance QTL cqSCN‐006 and cqSCN‐007 from Glycine soja PI 468916
Authors: Kim Myungsik , Diers Brian W. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTSoybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe [HG]) is one of the most serious soybean pests [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] worldwide and resistance is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL). The fine mapping of new SCN resistance QTL can provide information useful for marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs and tools for the eventual cloning of the QTL. The objective of this study was to fine map the SCN resistance QTL cqSCN‐006 and cqSCN‐007 that originated from Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. plant introduction (PI) 468916. The fine mapping was done by selecting plants with recombination near these genes and testing progeny of selected plants for resistance to the HG type 2.5.7 SCN isolate PA5 and with genetic markers. For cqSCN‐006, 1236 F5 plants and 1662 F6 plants were tested with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers flanking the QTL, and the progeny from 20 recombinant plants were tested with genetic markers and for SCN resistance. This resulted in the mapping of cqSCN‐006 to a 803.4 kb interval on soybean chromosome (chr) 15. For cqSCN‐007, 1668 F5 plants were screened with flanking SSR markers, the progeny of 18 recombinant plants were tested, and cqQTL‐007 was mapped to a 146.5 kb interval on chr 18. The markers identified in this study will be useful to breeders developing SCN‐resistant cultivars and will be highly predictive for determining which plants carry the SCN resistance QTL alleles.
Genomic Prediction of Hybrid Wheat Performance
Authors: Zhao Yusheng , Zeng Jian , Fernando Rohan , Reif Jochen C. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAccurate prediction of single cross performance is of fundamental importance to increase the selection gain in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) hybrid breeding programs. We used experimental data from a commercial wheat breeding program as well as simulated data sets and evaluated the prospects of predicting grain yield performance of untested hybrids applying different cross‐validation scenarios. We used ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (RR‐BLUP), BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, and BayesCπ facilitating genomic selection for additive and dominance effects. In total 90 hybrids were evaluated for grain yield in unreplicated trials at four locations. The parental lines were fingerprinted with a 9000 (9k) single nucleotide polymorphism array. We observed in the cross‐validation study high prediction accuracies for all five genomic models with a slight superiority of RR‐BLUP and BayesB. Interestingly, ignoring dominance effects resulted in equal or even higher prediction accuracies. This lack of improvement points toward the need for further refine the genomic selection models to more precisely estimate dominance effects.
Quality of Care for First Nations and Non-First Nations People with Diabetes
Authors: Deved Vinay , Jette Nathalie , Quan Hude , Tonelli Marcello , Manns Braden , Soo Andrea , Barnabe Cheryl , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Compared with non-First Nations, First Nations People with diabetes experience higher rates of kidney failure and death, which may be related to disparities in care. This study examined First Nations and non-First Nations People with diabetes for differences in quality indicators and their association with kidney failure and death.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Adults with diabetes and an outpatient creatinine in Alberta from 2005 to 2008 were identified. Logistic regression was used to determine the likelihood of process of care indicators (measurement of urine albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR], LDL, and hemoglobin A1C [A1C]) and surrogate outcome indicators (achievement of LDL and A1C targets). Cox regression was used to determine the association between lack of achievement of indicator targets and each of kidney failure and death.

Results
This study identified 140,709 non-First Nations and 6574 First Nations People with diabetes. There was a significant interaction between First Nations status and CKD for the outcomes (P<0.01); therefore, results are stratified by CKD. Among participants without CKD, First Nations People were less likely to receive process of care indicators and achieve target A1C compared with non-First Nations People. For those with CKD, First Nations People were as likely to receive these indicators (other than LDL) and achieve LDL and A1C targets. Lack of LDL and A1C assessment and achievement of targets were associated with increased risk of kidney failure and death similarly for both groups.

Conclusions
Compared with non-First Nations, First Nations People with diabetes but without CKD experience disparities in assessment of quality indicators and achievement of A1C target.
Self-Regulated Learning Interventions in the Introductory Accounting Course: An Empirical Study
Authors: Becker Lana L. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT:
Self-regulated learning skills have been shown to have a positive impact on achievement in the academic setting, enabling graduates to become lifelong learners in professional settings. Although the importance of lifelong learning skills is well articulated in the accounting education literature, this study is the first to address concerns that class time devoted to developing such skills might impair students' acquisition of content knowledge.
This study uses a quasi-experimental design within the context of the introductory accounting course. The treatment group received self-regulated learning interventions designed by the researcher and based on Zimmerman's model of the academic learning cycle.
Results of this study were obtained using multiple regressions and suggest that students' acquisition of technical knowledge, as measured by conventional exam scores, was not compromised when class time was allocated between self-regulated learning interventions and content instruction. Although benefits of the treatment were not immediate, the treatment group outperformed the control group in terms of scores on exams administered near the end of the course. This study found no evidence of a “ceiling effect” but does provide limited support for the “Matthew effect,” whereby higher ability students often reap the greatest benefit from interventions.
Incidence, management, and outcome of complications of castration in equids: 324 cases (1998–2008)
Authors: Kilcoyne Isabelle , Watson Johanna L. , Kass Philip H. , Spier Sharon J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the incidence of complications and identify risk factors associated with development of complications following routine castration of equids.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—311 horses, 10 mules, and 3 donkeys.
Procedures—Medical records of equids undergoing routine castration were reviewed. Age, breed, surgical techniques (closed vs semiclosed castration and use of ligatures), anesthesia method (general IV anesthesia vs standing sedation with local anesthesia) and repeated administration of IV anesthetic agents, administration of antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory drugs, and details regarding development, management, and outcome of complications were recorded. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined. Associations between additional doses of anesthetic agents during surgery and development of complications were analyzed with a Jonckheere-Terpstra test.
Results—33 of 324 (10.2%) equids developed a complication after surgery; 32 recovered and 1 was euthanized because of eventration. Equids that underwent semiclosed castration had significantly higher odds of developing a complication (OR, 4.69; 95% confidence interval, 2.09 to 10.6) than did those that underwent closed castration. Equids that received additional doses of anesthetic agents to maintain adequate general anesthesia developed complications more frequently than those that did not require this treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Incidence of complications was low, and most evaluated variables were not significantly associated with development of complications following castration in equids. However, findings suggested that the choice of surgical technique (closed vs semiclosed) is an important factor in this regard. Future studies should investigate whether duration of surgery is associated with complications following castration in equids.
Women, work and health / Ženske, delo in zdravje
Authors: Kanjuo Mrčela Aleksandra , Ignjatović Miroljub 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background: This paper discusses gender differences in working conditions and related psychological and health
risks in Slovenia.

Methods: The analysis is based on the 5th European Working Conditions Survey and data from a special Module
on working conditions and psychological and health risks in the working environment in Slovenia obtained in 2010.

Results: Gender differences exist in the reported work conditions and work satisfaction of the employed population,
and the reported physical and mental health problems in Slovenia. Analysis of the correlation between health-related
problems under different work conditions also show gender differences.

Conclusion: Women are more overburdened with paid and unpaid work, they report less autonomy at the workplace,
are less satisfied with working conditions and they report more physical and mental problems that are associated
with work.
The impact of neighbourhood and gap character on seedling recruitment of Trollius europaeus L. and Iris sibirica L. in Molinietum caeruleae meadows
Authors: Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt Kinga 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The observations were carried out in the years 2007-2010, in the Molinietum caeruleae meadows with different habitat conditions located in Kraków-Kostrze (southern Poland). The greatest number of seedlings of Trollius europaeus and Iris sibirica was recorded in patches dominated by low-statured species with delicate, procumbent stems or small-tussocks. The diminishing of offspring emergence in places prevailed by large-tussocks grasses, as well as in sites overgrown by willows could be a consequence of poor harvesting practices, as well as the stagnation of water in local depressions. Irrespective of patch charracter, the seedling recruitment did not occur in a fully compact plant canopy, the highest number of offspring was observed in gaps without moss and necromass layers, while the greatest abundance of genets was found in openings left after the removal of bryophytes, litter and above ground parts of plants. The decrease in offspring number noted in gaps resulted from the removal of living and died plants combined with top soil raking, which might caused the partial depletion of soil seed bank reserves. Regardless of the patch type, a significantly higher appearance of seedlings of Trollius europaeus and Iris sibirica was found in the largest gaps than in the smallest ones. In light of the performed studies, it might be concluded that gap creating seems to be a very effective way of active protection of Iris sibirica and Trollius europaeus populations
Forms of Lead in Profiles of Differently Use Soil
Authors: Makuch Iwona 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In order to determine the influence of intensive horticulture on the amount of lead and its fraction contents, there were selected soil profiles from following objects to be researched: house gardens and allotment gardens from town areas and arable field on the outskirts of the town. It has not been determined that there is any influence of manner usage on total lead content as well as its distribution in soil profiles. The fractionation composition has created the following series: fraction IV > fraction III > fraction II > fraction I. The manner of usage has influenced the content and distribution the III fraction of lead connected with organic matter. Humus horizons of garden soils is characterized as the highest in its content.
Dawne i Nowe Modele Porównawczej Historii Literatur(y) / Old and new Models of Comparative History of Literature(s)
Authors: Płaszczewska Olga 
Published: February 2013

Summary
This article examines the history of national literatures seen from a broader, supra-national perspective. Drawing on some landmarks of literary theory it focuses on bilateral and more complex literary relationships (Paul Van Tieghem) and midsets (R. E. Curtius), history of ideas and ‘movement of thought’ (M. J. Valdés), reception studies (Hans-Robert Jauss, Yves Chevrel), periodization and genre history (E. Miner), and problems of ‘circulation du sens’ (Jean-Louis Backès). It is hoped that the confrontation of the old and the new models of comparative literary history will gives us a better grasp of the nature and uses of the comparative approach in the history of literature.
„U Kresu Drogi” – Czesław Miłosz Wiersze Ostatnie / ‘At the End of the Road’ From Czesław Miłosz ’s Last Poems
Authors: Stabro Stanisław 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Published in 2006, two years after the death of Czesław Miłosz, his volume Last Poems belongs to the late verse of great masters. Taken less literally, in Miłosz’s case this category may well include the poems of To [It] (2000), Druga przestrzeń [The Second Space] (2002) and Orfeuszi Eurydyka [Orpheus and Eurydice] (2002). The collection Last Poems brings together texts that highlight the author’s spiritual, artistic and biographical experience. Some of them extol the power of Eros, set against old age and existential motifs of human wretchedness; some are the product of autothematic reflection; and some more, which form an important group by itself, contain religious ideas and Miłosz’s own credo made ‘at the end of road’. Yet throughout that lyrical and confessional summing-up the tones of defeat and dissatisfaction, spiritual and personal pessimism, self-irony and distance get the better of iron certainty. Looking back at Miłosz’s achievement we may ask ourselves the question how it is going to stand the test of time, increasingly defined by postmodernity and rapid cultural changes. Or, to what extent his, essentially traditional, poetry and its message will hold its appeal to the future generations?
Mazurskie Mickiewicziana Gustawa Gizewiusza I Inne / Gustaw Gisevius’s Masurian Mickiewicziana
Authors: Chojnowski Zbigniew 
Published: February 2013

Summary
This article examines the reception of Adam Mickiewicz’s texts in the writings of the Mazury region, focusing on the key figure of Gustav Gisevius (1810-1848), a champion of the revival of the Polish language among the Masurian Lutherans in the south of East Prussia. The inclusion of Masurian Mickiewicziana in the curriculum of Lutheran pastors in Königsberg and in late-19th century printed material aimed at the Masurians was not subservient to the idea of highlighting ethnic ties between the Prussian Masurians and the Poles. The use of Mickiewicz’s texts for that purpose was, however, a characteristic feature of the publications sponsored by the Polish political and cultural institutions in East Prussia in the interwar period.