bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repression of G protein–coupled receptor family C group 5 member A is associated with pathologic differentiation grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Shu‐li , Zhong Shuang‐shuang , Ye Dong‐xia , Chen Wan‐tao , Zhang Zhi‐yuan , Deng Jiong 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundG protein–coupled receptor family C group 5 member A (GPRC5A), a member of G protein–coupled receptor family, has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in lung tissue. The biological functions of GPRC5A have therefore been linked to lung tissue. However, the biological significance of this gene product remains obscure. In this study, we investigated the expression of GPRC5A proteins in normal oral tissue and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and we characterized its biological activity in OSCC cell lines.MethodsWestern blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate the expression of GPRC5A in both OSCC cell lines and clinical samples. GPRC5A stable transfectants and their parental OSCC cells were characterized for their biological activities in anchorage‐independent growth.ResultsHigh levels of immunohistochemical GPRC5A expression were detected in normal oral tissue, especially differentiated area. In contrast, GPRC5A expression was dramatically repressed in OSCCs (P < 0.01). The immunohistochemical GPRC5A expression was moderately well differentiated, but greatly repressed in moderately differentiated OSCCs and completely repressed in poorly differentiated OSCCs. Overexpression of GPRC5A in OSCC CAL27 cells resulted in a suppressed anchorage‐independent growth activity, a transforming phenotype.ConclusionsGPRC5A is expressed in normal oral epithelium. Repression of GPRC5A is associated with poorly differential grade of OSCCs. Overexpression of GPRC5A in OSCC cell line reversed the malignant phenotype. Thus, GPRC5A is important for homeostasis in oral tissue, and deletion or repression of this gene may involve in tumorigenesis of OSCCs and may serve as a prognostic marker for malignant type of OSCCs.
An update onKawasaki diseaseII: Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes
Authors: Yim Deane , Curtis Nigel , Cheung Michael , Burgner David 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis is the second of two updates onKawasaki disease. The first review focused on epidemiology and aetio‐pathogenesis. Here, we review the clinical features and diagnosis ofKawasaki disease, as well as recent evidence on treatment, follow‐up and cardiovascular outcomes.
Tooth loss in individuals under periodontal maintenance therapy: 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Costa F. O. , Lages E. J. P. , Cota L. O. M. , Lorentz T. C. M. , Soares R. V. , Cortelli J. R. 
Published: May 2013

Background and objectiveTooth loss (TL), one of the most visible results of the evolution of periodontitis, causes physiological and psychological impacts on a patient's life. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence, underlying reasons and influence of risk predictors for the occurrence of TL in a program of periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) over 5 years.MethodsThe sample comprised 212 individuals diagnosed with chronic moderate–severe periodontitis, who had finished active periodontal treatment, were incorporated in a PMT program. Individuals were divided in to two groups: 96 regular compliers (RC) and 116 irregular compliers (IC). Full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed. Social, demographic, behavioral and biological variables of interest were collected at all PMT visits. The effect of risk predictors and confounders for TL, as well as the underlying reasons of TL, were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsTL was significantly lower among RC (0.12 teeth lost/year) in comparison to IC (0.36 teeth lost/year; p < 0.01). Individuals that were > 55 years old, males and smokers lost significantly more teeth in both groups (with IC > RC). The number of teeth lost due to periodontal reasons was significantly higher than TL for other reasons in both groups (p < 0.01). The final linear and logistic model for TL included: male gender, smoking, probing depth 4–6 mm in up to 10% of sites and irregular compliance.ConclusionIC individuals undergoing PMT presented higher rates of TL when compared to RC individuals. Findings demonstrated the influence of irregular compliance and the importance of monitoring other risk predictors for TL such as smoking, male gender and severity of probing depth during PMT.
Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer glycosylation and caveolin‐1 in healthy and inflamed human gingiva
Authors: Wang J. , Yang D. , Li C. , Shang S. , Xiang J. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectiveGlycosylated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is specifically associated with caveolin‐1 and influences its ability to induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production. This study investigated EMMPRIN glycosylation and caveolin‐1 expression in healthy and inflamed human gingival tissues, analyzed the relationship between EMMPRIN glycosylation and caveolin‐1 expression, and assessed how this interaction influenced MMP‐1 production.Material and MethodsGingival tissues were collected from 10 healthy subjects and 15 chronic periodontitis (chronic periodontitis) subjects. EMMPRIN, caveolin‐1 and MMP‐1 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. EMMPRIN and caveolin‐1 co‐localization was detected by immunofluorescence. EMMPRIN glycosylation, caveolin‐1, active MMP‐1 and proMMP‐1 expression was assessed by Western blot.ResultsEMMPRIN was expressed in gingival epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, endothelial and fibroblast‐like cells. Strong caveolin‐1 immunoreactivity was detected in gingival epithelial and endothelial cells. Double immunofluorescence studies revealed EMMPRIN and caveolin‐1 co‐localization in gingival epithelium, endothelial and fibroblast‐like cells. Compared with healthy subjects, the chronic periodontitis group had increased high‐glycoform EMMPRIN (HG‐EMMPRIN) and active MMP‐1 expression (p < 0.05). Active MMP‐1 and proMMP‐1 protein levels were positively correlated with HG‐EMMPRIN levels (p < 0.05).ConclusionEMMPRIN and caveolin‐1 colocalize in periodontal tissues. The increased active MMP‐1 and proMMP‐1 production may be associated with elevated HG‐EMMPRIN levels.
Functional characterization of the orthologs of AtNST1/2 in Glycine soja (Fabaceae) and the evolutionary implications
Authors: DONG Yang , WANG Bo‐Han , WANG Yin‐Zheng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe secondary cell wall in plant cells is a highly organized structure that provides mechanical support to the tissue and the entire plant body. Glycine soja, the presumed ancestor of domesticated soybean, differs from the domesticated soybean in an array of morphological characters. The remarkable difference is the stem phenotype, which is often attributed to the thickness of secondary cell walls. Hence, it is of great importance to understand the genetic basis underlying the regulation of secondary wall thickening in these two species. Here, we report that GlycineNST1A/B are functional orthologs of AtNST1/2, which have been shown to act as the master switches of secondary cell wall thickening. GlycineNST1A/B are preferentially expressed in organs undergoing secondary wall deposition, and GmNST1A/B are expressed at twofold the level of GsNST1A/B in mature stem. The overexpression of GsNST1A/B disrupts overall plant development by inducing ectopic deposition of massive secondary walls in normally parenchyma cells in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, expression analyses suggest that the ectopic secondary wall is achieved by upregulating the expression of a series of cell wall‐associated transcription factors and secondary wall biosynthetic genes. Together, these results indicate that GsNST1A/B, as the key regulators, are capable of activating the entire secondary wall biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis, and also suggest that the genetic circuit of secondary wall development is conserved between Fabaceae and Brassiaceae.
Phylogeography of Angelica nitida (Apiaceae) endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on chloroplast DNA sequences
Authors: ZHANG Xue‐Mei , HE Xing‐Jin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractGeological and climatic changes in the Quaternary of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (Q‐T Plateau) strongly affect the migration route and distribution pattern of the plants in this region. The Angelica nitida Wolff endemic to the Q‐T Plateau was used as a model to examine the response to Quaternary climatic oscillations. Three chloroplast DNA fragments (trnD–trnT, trnQ–rps16, rpl32–trnL) were sequenced and 20 haplotypes were identified. The 20 haplotypes clustered into four major clades, which were associated with geographical distribution, and the populations from the edge of the Q‐T Plateau contained 19 haplotypes. Based on the average substitution rate, the divergence time in A. nitida was estimated at 1.1 million years ago (Mya), 0.80 Mya, and 0.70 Mya, corresponding to the recently continuous uplift of the Q‐T Plateau and the interglacial in the Quaternary. A significant phylogeographic structure was presented (NST > GST, P < 0.01). Our results also suggested that multiple refugia for A. nitida were located on the edge of the Q‐T Plateau in the Quaternary. The restricted gene flow and past fragmentation were likely the major processes that shaped the present‐day spatial distribution of haplotypes in this species. These results suggested that past fragmentation mainly resulted from the maximum glaciation advance on the Q‐T Plateau. The uplift of Loess Plateau, Huya fault of Minshan Mountain could also play important roles responsible for the present phylogeographical pattern of A. nitida.
The Prospective Associations Between Depression and Sexual Satisfaction Among Female Medical Students
Authors: Peleg-Sagy Tal , Shahar Golan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The direction of the relationships between depression and sexual dissatisfaction is unclear. Possibly, these relationships are influenced by different elements/components of depression represented by different measures (i.e., Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D], which highlights mood, vs. Beck Depression Inventory version II [BDI-II], which focuses on cognition and physical symptoms). High-achieving women—such as female medical students, interns, and residents—might be particularly prone to both depression and sexual dissatisfaction.

Aim
The aim of this study is to examine the direction of the longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and sexual dissatisfaction in high-achieving, romantically involved female Israeli medical students and interns/residents using both CES-D and BDI-II.

Methods
One hundred ninety-four female medical students from the first, fourth, and seventh (internship) years from all medical schools in Israel who were currently involved in romantic relationships were assessed twice over a 1-year interval using both CES-D and BDI-II. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling analyses were employed.

Main Outcome Measures
Depressive symptoms were measured by the CES-D and the BDI-II. Sexual satisfaction was assessed by the “partner-satisfaction” factor of the Pinney Sexual Satisfaction Inventory.

Results
Elevated levels of CES-D-measured depression were found (26% at T1 and 13% at T2 above the stricter cutoff point). The direction of the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and sexual dissatisfaction changed according to the depression measure used: baseline CES-D-measured depression predicted an increase in sexual dissatisfaction over time (β=0.148, P =0.016). Baseline sexual satisfaction predicted an increase in BDI-II-measured depression (β=0.136, P =0.045).

Conclusion
High-achieving, “fully-functioning” female medical students suffer from elevated levels of CES-D-measured depressed mood. Depressed mood might lead to sexual dissatisfaction, which in turn is likely to bring about “clinical,” BDI-II-measured depression. We recommend a routine assessment of depressed mood and sexual dissatisfaction in this population, as well as increased access to tailored intervention for both clinical challenges.
One Patient Out of Four with Newly Diagnosed Erectile Dysfunction is a Young Man—Worrisome Picture from the Everyday Clinical Practice
Authors: Capogrosso Paolo , Colicchia Michele , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Castagna Giulia , Clementi Maria Chiara , Suardi Nazareno , Castiglione Fabio , Briganti Alberto , Cantiello Francesco , Damiano Rocco , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complaint in men over 40 years of age, and prevalence rates increase throughout the aging period. Prevalence and risk factors of ED among young men have been scantly analyzed.

Aim
Assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of young men (defined as ≤40 years) seeking first medical help for new onset ED as their primary sexual disorder.

Methods
Complete sociodemographic and clinical data from 439 consecutive patients were analyzed. Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).

Main Outcome Measure
Descriptive statistics tested sociodemographic and clinical differences between ED patients ≤40 years and &gt;40 years.

Results
New onset ED as the primary disorder was found in 114 (26%) men ≤40 years (mean [standard deviation [SD]] age: 32.4 [6.0]; range: 17–40 years). Patients ≤40 years had a lower rate of comorbid conditions (CCI = 0 in 90.4% vs. 58.3%; χ2, 39.12; P &lt; 0.001), a lower mean body mass index value (P = 0.005), and a higher mean circulating total testosterone level (P = 0.005) as compared with those &gt;40 years. Younger ED patients more frequently showed habit of cigarette smoking and use of illicit drug, as compared with older men (all P ≤ 0.02). Premature ejaculation was more comorbid in younger men, whereas Peyronie's disease was prevalent in the older group (all P = 0.03). At IIEF, severe ED rates were found in 48.8% younger men and 40% older men, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). Similarly, rates of mild, mild-to-moderate, and moderate ED were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions
This exploratory analysis showed that one in four patients seeking first medical help for new onset ED was younger than 40 years. Almost half of the young men suffered from severe ED, with comparable rates in older patients. Overall, younger men differed from older individuals in terms of both clinical and sociodemographic parameters.
Effect of zinc intake on serum/plasma zinc status in infants: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Nissensohn Mariela , Sánchez Villegas Almudena , Fuentes Lugo Daniel , Henríquez Sánchez Patricia , Doreste Alonso Jorge , Lowe Nicola M. , Hall Moran Victoria , Skinner Anna Louise , Warthon Medina Marisol , Serra‐Majem Lluis 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA systematic review and meta‐analysis of available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) intake on serum/plasma Zn status in infants. Out of 5500 studies identified through electronic searches and reference lists, 13 RCTs were selected after applying the exclusion/inclusion criteria. The influence of Zn intake on serum/plasma Zn concentration was considered in the overall meta‐analysis. Other variables were also taken into account as possible effect modifiers: doses of Zn intake, intervention duration, nutritional status and risk of bias. The pooled β of status was 0.09 [confidence interval (CI) 0.05 to 0.12]. However, a substantial heterogeneity was present in the analyses (I2 = 98%; P = 0.00001). When we performed a meta‐regression, the effect of Zn intake on serum/plasma Zn status changed depending on the duration of the intervention, the dose of supplementation and the nutritional situation (P ANCOVA = 0.054; <0.001 and <0.007, respectively). After stratifying the sample according to the effect modifiers, the results by duration of intervention showed a positive effect when Zn intake was provided during medium and long periods of time (4–20 weeks and >20 weeks). A positive effect was also seen when doses ranged from 8.1 to 12 mg day−1. In all cases, the pooled β showed high evidence of heterogeneity. Zn supplementation increases serum/plasma Zn status in infants, although high evidence of heterogeneity was found. Further standardised research is urgently needed to reach evidence‐based conclusions to clarify the role of Zn supplementation upon infant serum/plasma Zn status, particularly in Europe.
Fixed Point Theorems for Discontinuous Maps on a Non‐convex Domain
Authors: Fujimoto Takao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces economists to some fixed point theorems for discontinuous mappings with non‐convex images on a non‐convex domain. These theorems have recently been developed based on a new approach by mathematical economists and mathematicians. The new method of proof is first transformed into a sort of metatheorem, which is then used to obtain a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a map to have a fixed point. Some fixed point theorems for discontinuous maps are then explained in more concrete cases. The formulations are intended for easier applications towards economic models involving discontinuity as well as non‐convexity.
RemA is a DNA‐binding protein that activates biofilm matrix gene expression in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Winkelman Jared T. , Bree Anna C. , Bate Ashley R. , Eichenberger Patrick , Gourse Richard L. , Kearns Daniel B. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBiofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis requires expression of the eps and tapA‐sipW‐tasA operons to synthesize the extracellular matrix components, extracellular polysaccharide and TasA amyloid proteins, respectively. Expression of both operons is inhibited by the DNA‐binding protein master regulator of biofilm formation SinR and activated by the protein RemA. Here we show that RemA is a DNA‐binding protein that binds to multiple sites upstream of the promoters of both operons and is both necessary and sufficient for transcriptional activation in vivo and in vitro. We further show that SinR negatively regulates eps operon expression by occluding RemA binding and thus for the Peps promoter SinR functions as an anti‐activator. Finally, transcriptional profiling indicated that RemA was primarily a regulator of the extracellular matrix genes, but it also activated genes involved in osmoprotection, leading to the identification of another direct target, the opuA operon.
Identification and characterization of 2‐naphthoyl‐coenzyme A reductase, the prototype of a novel class of dearomatizing reductases
Authors: Eberlein Christian , Estelmann Sebastian , Seifert Jana , von Bergen Martin , Müller Michael , Meckenstock Rainer U. , Boll Matthias 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe enzymatic dearomatization of aromatic ring systems by reduction represents a highly challenging redox reaction in biology and plays a key role in the degradation of aromatic compounds under anoxic conditions. In anaerobic bacteria, most monocyclic aromatic growth substrates are converted to benzoyl‐coenzyme A (CoA), which is then dearomatized to a conjugated dienoyl‐CoA by ATP‐dependent or ‐independent benzoyl‐CoA reductases. It was unresolved whether or not related enzymes are involved in the anaerobic degradation of environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this work, a previously unknown dearomatizing 2‐naphthoyl‐CoA reductase was purified from extracts of the naphthalene‐degrading, sulphidogenic enrichment culture N47. The oxygen‐tolerant enzyme dearomatized the non‐activated ring of 2‐naphthoyl‐CoA by a four‐electron reduction to 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthoyl‐CoA. The dimeric 150 kDa enzyme complex was composed of a 72 kDa subunit showing sequence similarity to members of the flavin‐containing ‘old yellow enzyme’ family. NCR contained FAD, FMN, and an iron‐sulphur cluster as cofactors. Extracts of Escherichia coli expressing the encoding gene catalysed 2‐naphthoyl‐CoA reduction. The identified NCR is a prototypical enzyme of a previously unknown class of dearomatizing arylcarboxyl‐CoA reductases that are involved in anaerobic PAH degradation; it fundamentally differs from known benzoyl‐CoA reductases.
APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors: mediators of stress responses and developmental programs
Authors: Licausi Francesco , Ohme‐Takagi Masaru , Perata Pierdomenico 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Transcription factors belonging to the APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) family are conservatively widespread in the plant kingdom. These regulatory proteins are involved in the control of primary and secondary metabolism, growth and developmental programs, as well as responses to environmental stimuli. Due to their plasticity and to the specificity of individual members of this family, AP2/ERF transcription factors represent valuable targets for genetic engineering and breeding of crops. In this review, we integrate the evidence collected from functional and structural studies to describe their different mechanisms of action and the regulatory pathways that affect their activity.
New fossil mantidflies (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae) from the Mesozoic of north‐eastern China
Authors: JEPSON JAMES E. , HEADS SAM W. , MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , REN DONG 
Published: May 2013

Abstract: Three new genera and four new species of the extinct mantidfly subfamily Mesomantispinae (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae) are described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning and the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia: Archaeodrepanicus nuddsi gen. et sp. nov., A. acutus gen. et sp. nov., Sinomesomantispa microdentata gen. et sp. nov., (Yixian Formation) and Clavifemora rotundata gen. et sp. nov. (Jiulongshan Formation). The specimens described herein represent the first Mesozoic mantidfly compression fossils to have body parts preserved, including the specialized raptorial forelegs articulated to the prothorax anteriorly, an autapomorphy of the family. These new taxa further confirm the placement of the subfamily Mesomantispinae within the family Mantispidae; however, the monophyly of Mesomantispinae has not been confirmed, and it is likely that it will prove to be paraphyletic.