bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and brain response to blast using sagittal and transverse finite element models
Authors: Singh Dilaver , Cronin Duane S. , Haladuick Tyler N. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYMild traumatic brain injury caused by blast exposure from Improvised Explosive Devices has become increasingly prevalent in modern conflicts. To investigate head kinematics and brain tissue response in blast scenarios, two solid hexahedral blast‐head models were developed in the sagittal and transverse planes. The models were coupled to an Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian model of the surrounding air to model blast‐head interaction, for three blast load cases (5 kg C4 at 3, 3.5 and 4 m). The models were validated using experimental kinematic data, where predicted accelerations were in good agreement with experimental tests, and intracranial pressure traces at four locations in the brain, where the models provided good predictions for frontal, temporal and parietal, but underpredicted pressures at the occipital location. Brain tissue response was investigated for the wide range of constitutive properties available. The models predicted relatively low peak principal brain tissue strains from 0.035 to 0.087; however, strain rates ranged from 225 to 571 s‐1. Importantly, these models have allowed us to quantify expected strains and strain rates experienced in brain tissue, which can be used to guide future material characterization. These computationally efficient and predictive models can be used to evaluate protection and mitigation strategies in future analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of Intramolecular Photostabilization in Self‐Healing Cyanine Fluorophores
Authors: van der Velde Jasper H. M. , Ploetz Evelyn , Hiermaier Matthias , Oelerich Jens , de Vries Jan Willem , Roelfes Gerard , Cordes Thorben 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOrganic fluorophores, which are popular labels for microscopy applications, intrinsically suffer from transient and irreversible excursions to dark‐states. An alternative to adding photostabilizers at high concentrations to the imaging buffer relies on the direct linkage to the fluorophore. However, the working principles of this approach are not yet fully understood. In this contribution, we investigate the mechanism of intramolecular photostabilization in self‐healing cyanines, in which photodamage is automatically repaired. Experimental evidence is provided to demonstrate that a single photostabilizer, that is, the vitamin E derivative Trolox, efficiently heals the cyanine fluorophore Cy5 in the absence of any photostabilizers in solution. A plausible mechanism is that Trolox interacts with the fluorophore through intramolecular quenching of triplet‐related dark‐states, which is a mechanism that appears to be common for both triplet‐state quenchers (cyclooctatetraene) and redox‐active compounds (Trolox, ascorbic acid, methylviologen). Additionally, the influence of solution‐additives, such as cysteamine and procatechuic acid, on the self‐healing process are studied. The results suggest the potential applicability of self‐healing fluorophores in stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) with optical super‐resolution. The presented data contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanism involved in intramolecular photostabilization and has high relevance for the future development of self‐healing fluorophores, including their applications in various research fields.
Evaluation of Weak Interactions in [2]Pseudorotaxanes
Authors: Nikitin Kirill , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Muldoon Jimmy 
Published: December 2013

AbstractViologens readily thread bis‐p‐phenylene crown ethers to form [2]pseudorotaxanes. However, the binding of sterically hindered 3,3′‐dimethylviologens is very weak. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the additional energy cost of “flattening” is substantial, 55 kJ mol−1, and prevents the formation of a stable host–guest complex. The structures of [2]pseudorotaxanes determined by X‐ray crystallography are in good agreement with the NMR characterisation and DFT results. Their association constants and thermodynamic parameters in solution were measured by using a dilution method and, for the first time, by host–guest nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) correlations. The NOE approach was subsequently applied to study the sterically hindered analogues and it was shown that the binding in 3,3′‐dimethyl‐N,N‐dibenzyl [2]pseudorotaxane is by 8.5 kJ mol−1 weaker than in its regular analogue. The proposed technique helps to quantify weak interactions in [2]pseudorotaxanes and can be applied to other host‐guest complexes.
Community‐based traffic preservation in telecommunication networks
Authors: Torres‐Padrosa Víctor , Manzano Marc , Calle Eusebi , Marzo Josep L. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryLarge‐scale failures in telecommunication networks have been traditionally mitigated by attempting to preserve global connectivity in the network. However, although communication inside communities may be of high relevance, their preservation is a challenging task. To achieve this, we propose a new concept of community that combines not only the topological information of the network but also the traffic‐level interaction. This new concept is then used to present six novel community‐based strategies that, when working within a limited budget, are able to determine which are the best candidate nodes to protect. The strategies proposed have been tested over four different types of networks and have been compared with other well‐known immunization or protection methods. Results show that community‐based strategies better preserve the inner community traffic with respect to traditional approaches. Furthermore, in some cases, both global and intra‐community traffic preservation is able to be improved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the security of a dynamic identity‐based remote user authentication scheme with verifiable password update
Authors: Liu Yongchun , Gong Peng , Yan Xiaopeng , Li Ping 
Published: December 2013

SummaryRecently, Chang et al. [Chang Y, Tai W, Chang H. Untraceable dynamic identity‐based remote user authentication scheme with verifiable password update. International Journal of Communication Systems 2013; doi:10.1002/dac.2552] proposed a dynamic identity‐based remote user authentication scheme with verifiable password update. They also proved that their scheme could withstand various attacks. Unfortunately, by proposing concrete attacks, we show that their scheme is vulnerable to three kinds of attacks. We also point out that their scheme cannot provide untraceability. The analysis shows that the scheme of Chang et al. is not suitable for practical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Complex Based on a CuII–Schiff‐Base Complex and POM‐MOF Chain: Synthesis, Structure and Proton Conductivity
Authors: Wei Mei‐Lin , Sun Jing‐Jing , Duan Xian‐Ying 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA metal–Schiff‐base–POM‐MOF, {[Cu3(L)2(H2O)4] [Cu(dmf)4(SiW12O40)]·9H2O}n {L = N,N′‐bis[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine hydrate}, has been synthesized in situ from [SiW12O40]4–, Cu2+ and L in an H2O/dmf/CH3OH/CH3CN mixture at room temperature, and the product was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the title complex presents a 3D network constructed from CuII–Schiff‐base cations, 1D POM‐MOF chains and solvent water molecules. Its water vapour adsorption isotherm at room temperature and pressure shows that the water vapour adsorbed by the complex is 51.67 cm3 g–1 at the maximum allowable humidity, which corresponds to 7.1 water molecules per unit formula. In addition, it exhibits good proton conductivity (>10–4 S cm–1) at 100 °C in the relative humidity range 35–98 %. The corresponding activation energy (Ea) of conductivity was estimated to be 0.32 eV.
Dinuclear Species versus Zigzag or Helical Polymers in Palladium, Zinc, and Copper Complexes with Ditopic Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands
Authors: Durá Gema , Carrión M. Carmen , Jalón Félix A. , Manzano Blanca R. , Rodríguez Ana M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Félix Jalón and Blanca Manzano at the University of Castilla‐La Mancha‐IRICA. With the cover image of a strange animal formed by the union of two scorpions, the authors simulate the structure and the coordination ability of a ligand that appears as the shadow of this animal. The claws of the animal are pyrazolyl rings, the binding sites of this ligand to metallic centers. The image also contains the metallic compounds used to generate dinuclear complexes or zigzag or helical polymers.
Synthesis of 2‐Phenyl‐ and 2,2‐Diarylpyrrolidines through Stevens Rearrangement Performed on Azetidinium Ions
Authors: Drouillat Bruno , d'Aboville Edouard , Bourdreux Flavien , Couty François 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA set of azetidinium ions substituted at the nitrogen atom either by a benzyl group or a benzhydryl group were synthesized to delineate the scope of their ring expansion into 2‐phenyl‐ or 2,2‐diaryl‐pyrrolidines through a Stevens rearrangement. Whereas the regioselectivity of the rearrangement is very high, the diastereoselectivity is low when 2,3‐disubstituted pyrrolidines are produced, except in one case. The major undesirable side‐reaction is a Hofmann elimination leading to ring cleavage.
Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolysis of an Al/Al2O3‐Composite Powder After Heat Treatment
Authors: Huang Xiani , Chen Zhi , Gao Tong , Huang Qiaoli , Niu Feng , Qin Laishun , Huang Yuexiang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHydrogen generation by reaction of aluminum (Al) with water is generally hindered by the presence of the dense oxide layer on its surface. Eliminating or activating the passive oxide layer is a key step for improving the hydrolysis reactivity of aluminum to generate hydrogen. In the present investigation, a gel‐coating method was used to prepare the precursor powder of a composite with alumina (Al/Al2O3) to clarify the effect of the Al2O3 additive on the hydrolysis of Al powder. The results showed that γ‐Al2O3 was formed after the heat treatment of the Al/Al2O3 composite precursor at 550 °C for 4 h, which results in the coating of Al particles with γ‐Al2O3 agglomerates. The XPS analysis of the heat‐treated Al particles indicated that the initial dense oxide layer covered on the surface of Al particles transformed into a loose γ‐Al2O3 layer that increased the hydrolysis reactivity of the Al powder. The Al2O3 additive coated on the surface of the Al particles was found to lower the hydrolysis reactivity of the Al particles. It was concluded that the heat treatment rather than the addition of the γ‐Al2O3 additive is the predominant factor in determining the hydrolysis reactivity of the Al particles. However, it was observed that coating the Al particles with Al2O3 did hinder the degradation of the Al hydrolysis reactivity upon exposure in air for several days.
Emotional Eating Moderates the Relationship of Night Eating with Binge Eating and Body Mass
Authors: Meule Adrian , Allison Kelly C. , Platte Petra 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNight eating syndrome is marked by substantial evening or nocturnal food intake, insomnia, morning anorexia, and depressed mood. Night eating severity has been positively associated with body mass index (BMI), binge eating frequency, and emotional eating tendencies. We conducted an online questionnaire study among students (N = 729) and explored possible interactive effects between those variables. Night eating severity, binge eating frequency, BMI and emotional eating were all positively correlated with each other. Regression analyses showed that night eating severity was particularly related to more frequent binge episodes and higher BMI at high levels of emotional eating but unrelated to those variables at low levels of emotional eating. Thus, eating as a means of emotion regulation appears to be an important moderator of the relationship between night eating and both binge eating and BMI. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Space–time block code design for LTE‐advanced systems
Authors: Pham Van‐Bien 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe number of time slot (or symbols per slot in 3rd Generation Partnership Project language) in the long‐term evolution frame structure for data transmission is not guaranteed to be an even number, so the Alamouti orthogonal space–time block code (STBC) can not be applied. Recently, Lei et al. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2011) introduced a quasi‐orthogonal space time block code (QOSTBC) for two transmit antennas and three time slots (which is named as L‐QOSTBC in this paper). This code achieves two desirable properties as full rate and full diversity. However, the main disadvantage of the L‐QOSTBC is high decoding complexity due to pair‐symbol maximum likelihood decoding. In this paper, we propose a novel three‐time‐slot STBC (TTS‐STBC) for two transmit antennas. The proposed TTS‐STBC can achieve full‐rate full‐diversity transmission with single‐symbol maximum likelihood decoding. In comparison to L‐QOSTBC, the proposed TTS‐STBC has lower decoding complexity and higher coding gain. In addition, a new decoding strategy for the proposed TTS‐STBC that named as single‐symbol quasi‐maximum likelihood is also developed to overcome the performance degradation caused by time‐varying fading channels. Simulation results show that the proposed TTS‐STBC outperforms the L‐QOSTBC in both quasi‐static and time‐varying fading channels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromagnetic energy harvesting—global information database
Authors: Guenda Ludimar , Santana Emanuel , Collado Ana , Niotaki Kyriaki , Carvalho Nuno Borges , Georgiadis Apostolos 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTElectromagnetic energy harvesting is one of the most promising technologies for the future of autonomous electronic gadgets and also for making possible the globalisation of the Internet of things concept and consequently smart cities. In order to obtain an optimum dimensioning of the energy requirements in environments where a large quantity of sensors and devices are spread, it is necessary to have a priori knowledge of the amount of energy that is available from existing electromagnetic sources in the surrounding environment. This article presents a geo‐referenced database that can be used to gather information about electromagnetic energy availability around the world. The paper describes the information system architecture that is behind the database structure and the two methods that can be used to gather the electromagnetic information: one based on typical radiofrequency instrumentation and the other one based on the use of smart phones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Becoming Academically Literate
Authors: Park Jie Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough immigrant youth make up more than 20 percent of school‐age children in the U.S., little is known about how they manage school assignments and texts. In this paper the author presents Tara (pseudonym) as a telling case of a first‐generation immigrant youth who is encountering and grappling with academic literacy—defined as not only the knowledge of how texts are written and interpreted, but also the capacity to manage the school‐based reading and writing tasks. In constructing the case, the author drew on interview and ethnographic observation data, as well as samples of Tara's school writing. In the findings, the author illustrates how Tara makes sense of her life and education in the U.S., and how she responds to academic texts and discourses. The paper concludes with several pedagogical ideas for supporting students of diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds to develop more powerful academic literacies.
“You're Wearing Kurt's Necklace!”
Authors: Falter Michelle M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAdolescents often bring popular culture into school, but often these literacies are not embraced or taught in the English classroom. The author makes the case for usingGleein the classroom by demonstrating its persuasive power to disrupt heteronormative notions of gender and sexuality with teens. The author uses a feminist rhetorical analysis, rooted in Judith Butler's notions of gender performativity, and parody as a subversive tool, to closely examine the characters, actions, and dialogue in oneLGBT‐themedGleeepisode. The article concludes with implications for teachers,LGBTyouth, and non‐LGBTyouth and offers recommendations for usingGleeto discuss bullying, stereotyping, and marginalization through media literacy practices. As people become more accepting of marginalized groups, the article asserts that schools need to mirror those changes within classroom walls.
Diffusion and perfusion MRI prediction of progression‐free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Kyung Ah , Park Mi‐Suk , Ji Hyun‐Jun , Park Jun Yong , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Kim Ki Whang 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo assess whether MR perfusion and diffusion parameters taken before concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) are useful imaging biomarkers for predicting progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and MethodsTwenty patients with locally advanced HCC who had no treatment before CCRT underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) and diffusion‐weighted MRI. Mean values of the volume transfer constant (Ktrans), reflex constant (Kep), extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were estimated on a region of interest. The best cutoff value for each factor was assessed to differentiate between patients who had PFS shorter or longer than the median PFS. Patients were dichotomized in terms of the cutoff value. The survival outcome of the two groups and the predictive ability of each factor on PFS were evaluated.ResultsMedian time to PFS was 179 days. The best cutoff values for ADC, Ktrans, Kep, and Ve was 1.008 × 10−3 mm2 s−1, 0.108 min−1, 0.570 min−1, and 0.298%. Patients with higher ADC had significantly longer PFS than those with lower ADC(P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe ADC of HCC acquired before CCRT correlated with PFS and was valuable in the prediction of the clinical outcome of HCC treated with CCRT. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:286–292. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of hydrophilic and lipophilic statins with hyaluronic acid against LPS‐induced inflammation in porcine articular chondrocytes
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hung , Hsu Yuan‐Ming , Chen Yu‐Chun , Lin Feng‐Huei , Sadhasivam Subramaniam , Loo Siow‐Tung , Savitha Sivasubramanian 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study is to understand the therapeutic effects of lipophilic (simvastatin) and hydrophilic statins (pravastatin) combined with/without hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis by an in vitro LPS‐induced inflammatory model of articular chondrocytes. HA in combination with different doses of simvastatin or pravastatin were used. Beside cytotoxicity, the influence of statins on NO production, pro‐inflammatory cytokine, inflammatory mediators, and NF‐κB p50 protein were analyzed. Finally, TUNEL assay was performed to detect DNA strand breakage. Two statins were less able to lower NF‐κB activity when they were administrated along without HA. The gene expression demonstrates that simvastatin and pravastatin had the ability to decrease pro‐inflammatory and inflammatory mediator levels. High dose simvastatin with or without HA down regulated inflammatory cytokines, but resulted in higher cytotoxicity. TUNEL assay confirms the regulatory effect of statins with or without HA over the apoptosis of chondrocytes, especially in hydrophilic statins. The significant down‐regulation of inflammatory mediators suggests that intra‐articular injection of HA in combination with statins might feasibly slow the progress of osteoarthritis. Administration of simvastatin or pravastatin with hyaluronic acid may produce beneficial effects for OA treatment, but with better results when hydrophilic statin was used. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:557–565, 2014.
Factors associated with early recurrence and death after esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Davies Andrew R. , Pillai Andrew , Sinha Pranab , Sandhu Harinderjeet , Adeniran Amina , Mattsson Fredrik , Choudhury Asif , Forshaw Matthew J. , Gossage James A. , Lagergren Jesper , Allum William H. , Mason Robert C. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundAccurate selection of patients for radical treatment of esophageal cancer is essential to avoid early recurrence and death (ERD) after surgery. We sought to evaluate a large series of consecutive resections to assess factors that may be associated with this poor outcome.MethodsThis was a cohort study including 680 patients operated for esophageal cancer between 2000 and 2010. The poor outcome group comprised 100 patients with tumor recurrence and death within 1 year of surgery. The comparison group comprised 267 long‐term survivors, defined as those surviving more than 3 years from surgery. Pathological characteristics associated with poor outcome were analyzed using logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOn the adjusted model T stage and N stage predicted poor survival, with the greatest risk being patients with locally advanced tumors and three or more involved lymph nodes (OR 10.6, 95% CI 2.8–40.0). Poor differentiation (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4–5.5), chemotherapy response (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2–10.6), and involved resection margins (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.0) were all significant independent prognostic markers in the multivariable model. There was a trend toward worse survival with lymphovascular invasion (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–4.2) and low albumin (OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.8–4.4) but not of statistical significance in the adjusted model.ConclusionsEsophageal cancer patients with poorly differentiated tumors and three or more involved lymph nodes have a particularly high risk of ERD after surgery. Accurate risk stratification of patients may identify a group who would be better served by alternative oncological treatment strategies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:459–464. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preoperative transarterial chemoembolization and resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide Taiwan database analysis of long‐term outcome predictors
Authors: Shi Hon‐Yi , Wang Shen‐Nien , Wang Shih Chin , Chuang Shih‐Chang , Chen Chun‐Min , Lee King‐Teh 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundTo explore long‐term predictors of outcome after TACE and resection in a population of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsA total of 648 had received TACE before liver resection (TACE group) while 10,431 patients had received liver resection without TACE (LR group). Propensity scores were calculated by entering the patient data into a logistic regression model for predicting HCC outcomes.ResultsCompared to the LR group, the TACE group did not significantly differ in disease‐free survival (DFS) (median, 17 months in the TACE group vs. 13 months in the LR group; P = 0.410) and overall‐survival (OS) (median, 56 months in the TACE group vs. 54 months in the LR group; P = 0.777). The TACE group also showed that gender, liver cirrhosis, CCI score, hospital volume, and surgeon volume were independently associated with DFS while gender, CCI score and hospital level were independently associated with DFS/OS.ConclusionsThis population‐based cohort study provides compelling evidence that preoperative TACE does not significantly reduce DFS or OS in patients with resectable HCC. Moreover, long‐term outcomes for these procedures are significantly associated with patient characteristics and hospital characteristics. Medical professionals and health care providers should carefully evaluate candidates for preoperative TACE in patients with resectable HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:487–493. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.