bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La prison centrale de Yaoundé : l'espace au cœur d'un dispositif de pouvoir
Authors: Morelle Marie 
Published: June 2013

Cet article traite du fonctionnement interne de la prison centrale de Yaoundé (Cameroun). Construite en 1968 pour accueillir 1 000 prisonniers, celle-ci abrite environ 4 000 détenus, répartis de manière très inégalitaire. De tels effectifs influent sur les processus de contrôle de l’espace carcéral. On constate l’émergence d’une gestion de la prison fondée sur une double hiérarchie dans le travail de surveillance : les gardiens exercent leur contrôle sur les détenus tout en déléguant une partie de cette tâche à certains prisonniers. Selon un système de don-contre-don, des détenus accèdent ainsi à de relatifs privilèges durant leur incarcération. Ils surveillent des espaces et des seuils au sein de la prison : ils en tirent une rente et un statut. D’autres prisonniers encore ont recours à la corruption des agents de l’administration pénitentiaire. Des logiques informelles de régulation et de pacification de l’espace carcéral côtoient ainsi des pratiques plus formelles. Ensemble, elles produisent un dispositif de pouvoir, garant du maintien de l’ordre en prison. Cet article étudie les rapports de pouvoir entre les personnels de l’Administration pénitentiaire et les détenus d’une part, et entre les détenus d’autre part, dans leur dimension spatiale, en étudiant en particulier les circulations internes à la prison centrale de Yaoundé.
« Bulle immobilière » et politique d'octroi de crédits
Authors: Antipa Pamfili , Lecat Rémy 
Published: June 2013

Durant la décennie passée, la France a connu une hausse des prix immobiliers parmi les plus fortes et les plus prolongées des pays de la zone euro. Cet article vise à analyser les facteurs sous-tendant ces évolutions. En particulier, nous tenterons de déterminer si la dynamique des prix observée peut être attribuée aux évolutions démographiques et financières qui ont façonné l’économie française entre 1992 et 2012. Cette analyse est entreprise dans le cadre d’un modèle à correction d’erreur permettant de différencier la dynamique de court et de long terme des prix immobiliers. En tenant compte d’un ensemble de variables macroéconomiques standard, nos estimations impliquent que les prix immobiliers auraient dû baisser de 28 % en 2008 pour rejoindre leur niveau d’équilibre. Au 3 e trimestre 2012, malgré un ajustement du marché immobilier pendant la crise, les prix immobiliers se situent encore 21 % au-dessus de ce même niveau d’équilibre. Cependant, l’allongement de la durée des prêts immobiliers octroyés aux ménages, en augmentant la capacité d’achat de ces derniers, permet d’expliquer la hausse des prix pendant les années 2000. Aujourd’hui, cette durée semble s’être stabilisée et les déterminants standards des prix d’équilibre sont de nouveau orientés à la baisse. L’ajustement en cours des prix est néanmoins lent, leur dynamique étant inerte à court terme.
La rénovation énergétique en France dans le secteur résidentiel privé
Authors: Charlier Dorothée 
Published: June 2013

Dans cet article, nous voulons analyser les déterminants des dépenses en rénovation des ménages en faisant la distinction entre les travaux de réparation et les travaux en économie d’énergie (travaux d’isolation du bâti et travaux de remplacement des équipements). Nous souhaitons aussi étudier l’effet des gains énergétiques espérés à la suite d’une rénovation en économie d’énergie sur cette décision d’entreprendre des travaux de rénovation. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous utilisons l’Enquête Logement 2006 de l’INSEE. Toutefois, afin de disposer des gains énergétiques espérés, il est nécessaire de créer de nouvelles variables sur la consommation énergétique des logements avant et après travaux en utilisant un logiciel technique de simulation. Les dépenses de rénovation sont analysées en tenant compte de deux caractéristiques importantes : les dépenses sont censurées en zéro et interdépendantes entre elles. La censure et l’interdépendance sont analysées en utilisant un Tobit multivarié. Comme principaux résultats, nous obtenons que les rénovations en économie d’énergie et les rénovations en réparation ne sont pas expliquées par les mêmes déterminants. Finalement, les gains énergétiques espérés sont des variables clés de la décision d’investir.
Le logement des jeunes et des nouvelles générations, 1978-2006
Authors: Allègre Guillaume , Dollé Guillaume 
Published: June 2013

On observe entre 1978 et 2006 une forte augmentation du coût du logement (par m 2 ) relativement au revenu des ménages. Cette augmentation de la cherté relative du logement touche particulièrement les ménages jeunes dont les revenus progressent moins vite que l’ensemble des ménages. Malgré cela, les jeunes ménages vivent dans des logements plus grands en 2006 qu’en 1978. Cette évolution qualitative a eu lieu surtout entre 1978 et 1988 ; elle est nettement moins marquée pour les ménages les plus jeunes. L’intégralité de la très forte hausse du coût relatif du logement par m 2 se traduit par une hausse du poste logement dans le budget des ménages jeunes. Concernant les conditions de logement, il n’y a pas de sacrifice générationnel : lorsqu’elles vieillissent, les générations les plus récentes bénéficient sans ambiguïté de logements nettement plus grands. Les jeunes résident un peu plus longtemps chez leurs parents, mais ceci s’explique en grande partie par l’allongement des études et la hausse du chômage. Ces éléments plaident pour un réexamen de la situation économique par âge et génération qui tient compte des effets de l’évolution du coût du logement sur le niveau de vie ainsi que sur les transferts de richesse intergénérationnels.
Le sacre du roman
Authors: Ozouf Mona 
Published: June 2013

C’est la chance du roman que de naître dans un siècle enfanté dans le fracas d’une révolution, puis mettant sur le trône un personnage romanesque de haute volée, modèle pour bien des destins à venir : Napoléon. Le roman trouve face à lui un monde en ébullition, où les conditions sociales sont sens dessus dessous, d’où Dieu s’est absenté. Face à ce monde ouvert où les parcours sociaux sont devenus moins prévisibles, le roman, bien mieux que les autres genres, plus codés, va trouver matière. Contraint ni par l’unité de temps ni par l’unité de lieu, à lui de narrer les conquêtes promises aux ambitieux et aux apprentis des deux sexes, qui rêvent d’être les acteurs de leur propre vie. Si les futurs romanciers n’ont pas compris tout de suite que le roman était l’observateur privilégié d’une société en gésine, c’est bien à lui qu’ils en sont venus, une fois remisés leurs rêves de jeunesse. À travers tout le siècle, le roman leur a permis de suivre les aléas du seul héros désormais possible : l’individu.
The Mechanism of Splenic Invariant NKT Cell Activation Dictates Localization In Vivo
Authors: King Irah L. , Amiel Eyal , Tighe Mike , Mohrs Katja , Veerapen Natacha , Besra Gurdyal , Mohrs Markus , Leadbetter Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are glycolipid-specific innate lymphocytes emerging as critical players in the immune response to diverse infections and disease. iNKT cells are activated through cognate interactions with lipid-loaded APCs, by Ag-independent cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, or a combination of both. Although each of these modes of iNKT cell activation plays an important role in directing the humoral and cell-mediated immune response, the spatio-temporal nature of these interactions and the cellular requirements for activation are largely undefined. Combining novel in situ confocal imaging of αGalactosylceramide-loaded CD1d tetramer labeling to localize the endogenous iNKT cell population with cytokine reporter mice, we reveal the choreography of early murine splenic iNKT cell activation across diverse settings of glycolipid immunization and systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. We find that iNKT cells consolidate in the marginal zone and require dendritic cells lining the splenic marginal zone for activation following administration of cognate glycolipids and during systemic infection but not following exogenous cytokine administration. Although further establishing the importance of cognate iNKT cell interactions with APCs, we also show that noncognate iNKT-dependent mechanisms are sufficient to mediate effector outcomes, such as STAT signaling and dendritic cell licensing throughout the splenic parenchyma. Collectively, these data provide new insight into how iNKT cells may serve as a natural adjuvant in facilitating adaptive immune responses, irrespective of their tissue localization.
Co-Complexes of MASP-1 and MASP-2 Associated with the Soluble Pattern-Recognition Molecules Drive Lectin Pathway Activation in a Manner Inhibitable by MAp44
Authors: Degn Søren E. , Jensen Lisbeth , Olszowski Tomasz , Jensenius Jens C. , Thiel Steffen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The lectin pathway of complement is an integral component of innate immunity. It is activated upon binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins (H-, L-, and M-ficolin) to suitable ligand patterns on microorganisms. MBL and ficolins are polydisperse homo-oligomeric molecules, found in complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP-1, -2, and -3) and MBL-associated proteins (MAp19 and MAp44). This scenario is far more complex than the well-defined activation complex of the classical pathway, C1qC1r2C1s2, and the composition of the activating complexes of the lectin pathway is ill defined. We and other investigators recently demonstrated that both MASP-1 and MASP-2 are crucial to lectin pathway activation. MASP-1 transactivates MASP-2 and, although MASP-1 also cleaves C2, MASP-2 cleaves both C4 and C2, allowing formation of the C3 convertase, C4bC2a. Juxtaposition of MASP-1 and MASP-2 during activation must be required for transactivation. We previously presented a possible scenario, which parallels that of the classical pathway, in which MASP-1 and MASP-2 are found together in the same MBL or ficolin complex. In this study, we demonstrate that, although MASPs do not directly form heterodimers, the addition of MBL or ficolins allows the formation of MASP-1–MASP-2 co-complexes. We find that such co-complexes have a functional role in activating complement and are present in serum at varying levels, impacting on the degree of complement activation. This raises the novel possibility that MAp44 may inhibit complement, not simply by brute force displacement of MASP-2 from MBL or ficolins, but by disruption of co-complexes, hence impairing transactivation. We present support for this contention.
Wet‐Spun Stimuli‐Responsive Composite Fibers with Tunable Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Grigoryev Anton , Sa Vijoya , Gopishetty Venkateshwarlu , Tokarev Ihor , Kornev Konstantin G. , Minko Sergiy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWet‐spun stimuli‐responsive composite fibers made of covalently crosslinked alginate with a high concentration of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are electroconductive and sensitive to humidity, pH, and ionic strength, due to pH‐tunable water absorbing properties of the covalently crosslinked alginate. The conductivity depends on the material swelling in humid atmosphere and aqueous solutions: the greater the swelling, the smaller is the electrical conductivity. The covalently crosslinked fibers reversibly deform during the swelling/shrinking. In the swollen state, the fibers are less conductive, while they return to the same level of conductivity after shrinking. This unique reversible change of electroconductivity of the SWCNT‐alginate fibers is due to the elastic deformation of the alginate network in the area of electrical contacts between SWCNT bundles arrested in the alginate matrix. Fibers of this kind can be used as a simple, robust, disposable, and biocompatible platform for electrotextiles, biosensors, and flexible electronics in biomedical and biotechnological applications.
1‐Arylsulfonyl‐5‐(N‐hydroxyacrylamide)indolines Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Are Potent Cytokine Release Suppressors
Authors: Lee Hsueh‐Yun , Yang Chia‐Ron , Lai Mei‐Jung , Huang Han‐Li , Hsieh Yi‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Min , Yeh Teng‐Kuang , Li Yu‐Hsuan , Mehndiratta Samir , Teng Che‐Ming , Liou Jing‐Ping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of 1‐arylsulfonyl‐5‐(N‐hydroxyacrylamide)indolines (7–15) has been developed; the compounds exhibited potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activities. Notably, almost all of this series exhibited better HDAC‐inhibitory and antiproliferative activities than 3‐(1‐benzenesulfonyl‐1H‐indol‐5‐yl)‐N‐hydroxyacrylamide (6), as reported in a previous study. Among these compounds, 3‐[1‐(4‐methoxybenzenesulfonyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐5‐yl]‐N‐hydroxyacrylamide (9) showed a two‐ to tenfold increase in activity compared to SAHA (1) in the suppression of lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine production. Compound 9 also caused a marked reduction in carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation in a rat model. Taken together, these data indicated that 1‐arylsulfonyl‐5‐(N‐hydroxyacrylamide)indolines HDAC inhibitors exhibit potent anti‐inflammatory activity.
Sequential Norrish Type II Photoelimination and Intramolecular Aldol Cyclization of α‐Diketones: Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Cyclopentitols by Ring Contraction of Hexopyranose Carbohydrate Derivatives
Authors: Alvarez‐Dorta Dimitri , León Elisa I. , Kennedy Alan R. , Martín Angeles , Pérez‐Martín Inés , Riesco‐Fagundo Concepción , Suárez Ernesto 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe excitation of the innermost carbonyl of nono‐2,3‐diulose derivatives by irradiation with visible‐light initiates a sequential Norrish type II photoelimination and aldol cyclization process that finally gives polyfunctionalized cyclopentitols. The rearrangement has been confirmed by the isolation of stable acyclic photoenol intermediates that can be independently cyclized by a thermal 5‐(enolexo)‐exo‐trig uncatalyzed aldol reaction with high diastereoselectivity. In this last step, the large deuterium kinetic isotope effect found for the 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer seems to indicate that the aldol reaction runs through a concerted pericyclic mechanism. Owing to the ready availability of pyranose sugars of various configurations, this protocol has been used to study the influence of pyranose ring‐substituents on the diastereoselectivity of the aldol cyclization reaction. In contrast with other pyranose ring contraction methodologies no transition‐metal reagents are needed and the sequential rearrangement occurs simply by using visible light and moderate heating (0 to 60 °C).
Manufacturer Support for a Partially Integrated Channel in South Korea: Power‐dependence vs. Marketing Effectiveness Perspective
Authors: Yi Ho‐taek , Dubinsky Alan J. , Lim Chae Un 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article introduces the unique context of a partially‐integrated channel (PIC) that incorporates both market and hierarchical governance forms. In so doing, it examines determinants of the manufacturer's support for a PIC. Using power‐dependence and marketing effectiveness theories, we collected data from 172 marketing managers in charge of PICs in 15 companies in South Korea. The results showed that from the power‐dependence perspective, demand volatility, manufacturer's competitive intensity, and channel concentration are positively related to a manufacturer's dependence on the retailer, which is positively related to the manufacturer's support for the PIC with a retailer. From a marketing effectiveness perspective, channel bonding and customer linking are positively associated with manufacturer marketing effectiveness, which is an antecedent to PIC support for a retailer. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A blind modulation identification algorithm for STBC systems using multidimensional ICA
Authors: Luo Minggang , Li Liping , Qian Guobing , Lu Jianqi 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYBlind parameter identification is a research topic of high importance for both military and civilian communication systems. To our knowledge, there is no report in literature on blindly recognizing the modulation of noncooperative MIMO systems in association with space–time block code where channel state information and coding matrix are unavailable. In this paper, we first present a classifier based on maximum likelihood on the condition of virtual channel matrix; second, the modulations are classified into two classes according to the independence of the source signals: independent and groupwise independent constellations. In the next step, a multidimensional independent component analysis algorithm is proposed by utilizing the block‐diagonal structure of the cumulant matrices to estimate the virtual channel matrix for these two cases, respectively. Last, the ambiguities are removed partly, and the classifier is proven to be insensitive to the remaining indeterminacy. Parallel computation technique is adopted to accelerate the computation of the logarithm likelihood function. Simulations show that our algorithm can work with high recognition probabilities in noncooperative space–time block code communication systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power analysis based reverse engineering on the secret round function of block ciphers
Authors: Tang Ming , Qiu Zhenlong , Li Weijie , Sun Weijin , Hu Xiaobo , Zhang Huanguo 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe recent cryptanalysis on block ciphers has two major trends. Side channel analysis (SCA) has become a new threat to the hardware implementations of encryption algorithms. On the other hand, reverse engineering has been adopted to explore the unknown part of the encryption algorithms, which has become a new target of the cryptanalysis. Some drawbacks have been found in the existing methods of reverse engineering, which target on the special structures or utilize the flaws in the unknown parts. The major disadvantage is that the number of rounds to be analyzed is limited, and the complexity is high. The existing SCAs for reverse engineering depend on the leakage models in a large extent and mainly focus on the single component of the algorithms, whereas the other parts of the target algorithm are known. In this paper, we present a more general and feasible reverse analysis by combining the mathematical methods and the SCA methods. We use the strict avalanche criterion for the non‐linear operations of block ciphers and apply the power analysis to reverse the structure parameters. We propose a new reverse analysis method to reduce the dependency on the leakage models, which can be combined with the structural cryptanalysis to reverse the internal parameters of the linear and non‐linear operations. We finally achieve the reverse analysis on the unknown round function of block ciphers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison Between Phase Number and Operation Mode of Multiphase Boost Chopper for Reducing Input Current Ripple
Authors: Toru Akihiro , Haga Hitoshi , Kondo Seiji 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThis paper describes the characteristics of a multiphase boost chopper on the basis of the difference between its phase number and operation mode. First, the paper presents a theoretical analysis of an input current ripple in a multiphase boost chopper controlled with CCM and DCM. For analyzing CCM, the input current ripple in an n‐phase boost chopper is expressed by a general formula using a duty ratio. This expression clarifies integrally the relations between the phase number and input current ripple. The current ripple in CCM is much lower than that in DCM for the tested four‐phase boost chopper. Furthermore, this paper presents a comparison between the converter efficiency and step response of a four‐phase boost chopper controlled in CCM or DCM. The efficiency in CCM is higher than that in DCM by 0.5%. The phase number affects the step response characteristics in CCM. However, it does not affect the step response characteristics in DCM. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(1): 57–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22398
Mechanical Properties and Thermal Endurance of Room‐Temperature‐Vulcanizing Silicone Compound with Reduced Environmental Impact
Authors: Cho Hiroaki , Ashida Yasunari , Nakamura Shuhei , Shimizu Wataru , Murakami Yasushi 
Published: June 2013

SummaryRoom‐temperature‐vulcanizing (RTV) elastic silicone usually employs organic tin compounds as a hardener. It is well known that they are strong biohazards. Thus, the European Union plans to regulate the use of organic tin compounds and to exclude them from industrial products until 2015. The authors have succeeded in making a substitute for organic tin compounds as a hardener for RTV elastic silicone by using titanium alkoxide and a carboxylate ester as the hardener and promoter, respectively. In this paper, composites of RTV elastic silicone made with silica particles and a silane coupling agent are studied based on the mechanical, heat‐resistive, and adhesive properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 185(1): 1–8, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22421
DISCLOSING TOTAL WAITING TIMES FOR JOINT REPLACEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE ENGLISH NHS USING LINKED HES DATA
Authors: Marques Elsa , Noble Sian , Blom Ashley W. , Hollingworth William 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFor the last decade, stringent monitoring of waiting time performance targets provided English hospitals with incentives to reduce official waiting times for elective surgery. It is less clear whether the total amount of time patients waited in secondary care, from first referral to outpatient clinic until treatment, has also fallen. We used Hospital Episode Statistics inpatient data for patients undergoing total joint replacement during a period of active monitoring of targets (between 2006/7 and 2008/9) and linked it to outpatient data to reconstruct patients' pathway in the 3 years before surgery and provide alternative measurements of waiting times. Our findings suggest that although official waiting times decreased drastically in our study period, total waiting time in secondary care has not declined. Patients with shorter official waits spent a longer time in a ‘work‐up’ period prior to inclusion in the official waiting list, and socio‐economic inequities persisted in waiting times for joint replacement. We found no evidence that target policies achieved efficiency gains during our study period. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper anode corrosion affects power generation in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Zhu Xiuping , Logan Bruce E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNon‐corrosive, carbon‐based materials are usually used as anodes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In some cases, however, metals have been used that can corrode (e.g. copper) or that are corrosion resistant (e.g. stainless steel, SS). Corrosion could increase current through galvanic (abiotic) current production or by increasing exposed surface area, or decrease current due to generation of toxic products from corrosion. In order to directly examine the effects of using corrodible metal anodes, MFCs with Cu were compared with reactors using SS and carbon cloth anodes. MFCs with Cu anodes initially showed high current generation similar to abiotic controls, but subsequently they produced little power (2 mW m‐2). Higher power was produced with microbes using SS (12 mW m‐2) or carbon cloth (880 mW m‐2) anodes, with no power generated by abiotic controls. These results demonstrate that copper is an unsuitable anode material, due to corrosion and likely copper toxicity to microorganisms. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry