bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3beta regulates differentiation‐induced apoptosis of human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Jaeger Alexandra , Baake Jana , Weiss Dieter G. , Kriehuber Ralf 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase‐3beta is a multifunctional key regulator enzyme in neural developmental processes and a main component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. It is already known that the Wnt‐driven differentiation of neural progenitor cells is accompanied by an increase of apoptosis at which the pro‐apoptotic function of GSK‐3beta is still discussed. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the phosphorylation level of GSK‐3beta at serine 9 is the primary regulatory mechanism of differentiation‐induced apoptosis.Differentiating human neural ReNcell VM progenitor cells were treated with the specific GSK‐3beta inhibitor SB216763 (10 μM) and analyzed in respect to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway regulation using microscopy and protein expression analysis.Differentiation of ReNcell VM cells was accompanied by cell morphological changes, cytoskeleton rearrangement and apoptosis increase. Treatment of differentiating cells with SB216763 induced a significant dephosphorylation of GSK‐3beta at serine 9 accompanied by a significant decrease of apoptosis of about 0.7 ± 0.03% and reduced activation of caspase‐3 as well as BAX and PARP cleavage during the first 12 h of differentiation compared to untreated, differentiating cells.Dephosphorylation of GSK‐3beta at serine 9 appears not solely to be responsible for its pro‐apoptotic function, because we observed a decrease of intrinsic apoptosis after treatment of the cells with the specific GSK‐3beta inhibitor SB216763. We assume that GSK‐3beta drives neural progenitor cell apoptosis by direct interaction with pro‐apoptotic BAX or by indirect influence on the canonical Wnt/beta‐catenin target gene transcription.
Transplantation of neural stem cells co‐transfected with Nurr1 and Brn4 for treatment of Parkinsonian rats
Authors: Tan Xuefeng , Zhang Lei , Qin JianBing , Tian Meiling , Zhu Huixia , Dong Chuanming , Zhao Heyan , Jin Guohua 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) tranplantation has great potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the usage of NSCs is limited because the differentiation of NSCs into specific dopaminergic neurons has proven difficult. We have recently demonstrated that transgenic expression of Nurr1 could induce the differentiation of NSCs into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons, and forced co‐expression of Nurr1 with Brn4 caused a dramatic increase in morphological and phenotypical maturity of these neurons. In this study, we investigated the effect of transplanted NSCs in PD model rats. The results showed that overexpression of Nurr1 promoted NSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vivo, increased the level of dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter in the striatum, resulting in behavioral improvement of PD rats. Importantly, co‐expression of Nurr1 and Brn4 in NSCs significantly increased the maturity and viability of dopaminergic neurons, further raised the DA amount in the striatum and reversed the behavioral deficit of the PD rats. Our findings provide a new potential and strategy for the use of NSCs in cell replacement therapy for PD.
CONDITIONS OF IMMEDIACY: HOWARD SKEMPTON IN INTERVIEW
Authors: Fallas John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAt 65, Howard Skempton is somewhere near the centre of British compositional life: a surprising development for an avowedly ‘experimental’ composer, whose output until his early forties consisted primarily of short pieces written for himself and a few associates. This annotated interview traces Skempton's career, from the early influences of Webern, Feldman and Britten, through the mentorship of Cornelius Cardew and friendship with Michael Parsons, to the influence of text-setting and of the commissioning process on his recent work. Skempton's preoccupation with ‘the sound’ looms large, but is seen to be balanced by an equal concern with questions of structure, and the interview explores issues of continuity both within individual pieces and across his oeuvre, from A Humming Song (1967) for piano to the string quartet Tendrils (2004), the orchestral song-cycle The Moon is Flashing (2007) and the 35-minute, single-movement viola concerto Only the Sound Remains (2009).
Antibodies against the extracellular domain of human Notch1 receptor reveal the critical role of epidermal-growth-factor-like repeats 25–26in ligand binding and receptor activation
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Rangarajan Annapoorni , Dighe Rajan R. 
Published: October 2012

The Notch signalling pathway is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes throughout metazoan development. Although the downstream mechanism of Notch signalling has been extensively studied, the details of its ligand-mediated receptor activation are not clearly understood. Although the role of Notch ELRs [EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like-repeats] 11–12 in ligand binding is known, recent studies have suggested interactions within different ELRs of the Notch receptor whose significance remains to be understood. Here, we report critical inter-domain interactions between human Notch1 ELRs 21–30 and the ELRs 11–15 that are modulated by calcium. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the interaction between ELRs 21–30 and ELRs 11–15 is ~10-fold stronger than that between ELRs 11–15 and the ligands. Although there was no interaction between Notch1 ELRs 21–30 and the ligands in vitro, addition of pre-clustered Jagged1Fc resulted in the dissociation of the preformed complex between ELRs 21–30 and 11–15, suggesting that inter-domain interactions compete for ligand binding. Furthermore, the antibodies against ELRs 21–30 inhibited ligand binding to the full-length Notch1 and subsequent receptor activation, with the antibodies against ELRs 25–26 being the most effective. These results suggest that the ELRs 25–26 represent a cryptic ligand-binding site which becomes exposed only upon the presence of the ligand. Thus, using specific antibodies against various domains of the Notch1 receptor, we demonstrate that, although ELRs 11–12 are the principal ligand-binding site, the ELRs 25–26 serve as a secondary binding site and play an important role in receptor activation.
Loss of LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1) suppresses growth and alters gene expression of human colon cancer cells in a p53- and DNMT1(DNA methyltransferase 1)-independent manner
Authors: Jin Lihua , Hanigan Christin L. , Wu Yu , Wang Wei , Park Ben Ho , Woster Patrick M. , Casero Robert A. 
Published: October 2012

Epigenetic silencing of gene expression is important in cancer. Aberrant DNA CpG island hypermethylation and histone modifications are involved in the aberrant silencing of tumour-suppressor genes. LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1) is a H3K4 (histone H3 Lys4) demethylase associated with gene repression and is overexpressed in multiple cancer types. LSD1 has also been implicated in targeting p53 and DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1), with data suggesting that the demethylating activity of LSD1 on these proteins is necessary for their stabilization. To examine the role of LSD1 we generated LSD1 heterozygous (LSD1+/−) and homozygous (LSD1−/−) knockouts in the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. The deletion of LSD1 led to a reduced cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, the knockout of LSD1 in HCT116 cells did not result in global increases in its histone substrate H3K4me2 (dimethyl-H3K4) or changes in the stability or function of p53 or DNMT1. However, there was a significant difference in gene expression between cells containing LSD1 and those null for LSD1. The results of the present study suggested that LSD1 is critical in the regulation of cell proliferation, but also indicated that LSD1 is not an absolute requirement for the stabilization of either p53 or DNMT1.
Hybrid graphene–ZnO nanocomposites as electron acceptor in polymer-based bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics
Authors: Zheng Qiao , Fang Guojia , Cheng Fei , Lei Hongwei , Wang Wenbo , Qin Pingli , Zhou Hai 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Graphene–zinc oxide (G–ZnO) nanocomposites were prepared through a hydrothermal approach and used as electron acceptors in poly-(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). The blended film, which was a mixture of different weight ratios of P3HT and G–ZnO, was applied as the active layer in the OSC device. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) increases first and then decreases with the increase in G–ZnO content in the blended films. The device containing 15 wt% (ratio to P3HT) of G–ZnO shows the best performance with a PCE of 0.98%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.81 V and a short-circuit current density of 4.92 mA cm−2. The impact of the intrinsic mechanism on the characteristics of the OSCs under the illumination condition is discussed.
Formative Years: 1866–89
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Cornelia Sorabji was born in a Parsee family at Nasik (Bombay Presidency) on 15 November 1866. The Parsees, a minority group in India, are followers of Zoroaster and worshippers of fire. Although the Parsees developed close associations with the British colonial administration and worked as commercial collaborators, they steadfastly struggled to maintain their own minority identity in temperament and their habits of life. The Sorabji family is described. The life experience of Cornelia's father, Sorabji Kharsedji, had a deep and long-lasting effect on her. Cornelia's writings show that her parents took particular care to encourage them to think independently, and inculcated in them a spirit of self-help. Cornelia's higher education in India is also discussed. In general, her family, social background, and faith in religion and the Empire set the parameters within which she made a bid to aspire for social recognition and economic self-sufficiency. Driven by a social evangelical urge to help disadvantaged social groups, she wanted to equip herself intellectually.
Epilogue
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The trajectory of Cornelia Sorabji's life experience shows that she struggled to be India's pioneer woman lawyer at a time when British power had reached its zenith. The most enduring aspect of her life-experience and her public image, which led to an outright dismissal of her public role in the context of twentieth-century politics, was her opposition to all forms of popular politics. The pattern of Cornelia's negotiation with colonialism and patriarchy raises questions about the significance of her life from the perspective of emancipatory politics of gender. Till the end of her life, she was caught in the colonial ascription of race and gender and was at home neither in England nor in India.
History, Identity, and Faith Zakaullah
Authors: Hasan Mushirul 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter explores the questions of history, identity and faith through a detailed analysis of the life, times and writings of Muhammad Zakaullah's. The author begins by describing how Ramchander, Muhammad Zakaullah's chief intellectual mentor, and one of the first converts to Christianity in Delhi, was accused of converting Zakaullah to Christianity. Nazir Ahmad came to Zakaullah's defense, saying that his friend believed in tauhid with His full attributes as understood in Islam. Indeed, Zakaullah never denigrated Islamic ideals. While he admired some aspects of Christianity and found the truths embodied in Jesus Christ's message to be profoundly appealing, he did not think of changing his religion. This chapter explores the social and cultural damage caused by the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in order to understand the context of Zakaullah's expanding intellectual horizon.
Introduction
Authors: Hassan M. Sajjad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter first defines the problem with the existing research on the region, which treats the Northeast region as a single unit. It then summarizes the history of conflicts in the region and in the two states—Manipur and Mizoram. It covers the specific literature on conflicts in Northeast India and the adequacy of existing arguments for understanding specific questions. It also reviews the literature on state building and collapse and examines some recent approaches to studying issues of state capability that provide promising ways to engage with the research problem. The chapter argues that the breakdown in Manipur is as much about the mobilization against the agencies of the state as it is about intercommunity conflicts. Social control in Manipur stands fragmented and state actors have failed to become the dominant force in society.
Building the Mizo Nation
Authors: Hassan M. Sajjad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter analyses the social and economic changes taking place in the Lushai Hills. It examines the conflicts in Mizo society and its dominant sections’ response to claims over the new state. It also discusses the mobilization of the inclusive Mizo identity by those excluded. The chapter reveals that the Mizo national Front (MNF) was aware that its social control relied on strengthening the Mizo construct and considers how Mizo society and the state are responding to recent socio-economic challenges. It discusses that cohesive political power has translated into maintenance of the centrality of the institutions of the state in people's lives. State-making leaders in Mizoram were able to create a strong and cohesive state that has extensive links to society, thus improving its capabilities. The Mizoram case shows how society-making entails leaders not only including some but also excluding others to acquire legitimacy among their constituents so as to hold them together.
Conclusion
Authors: Hassan M. Sajjad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter compares the account of the variance in conflict and political order to that provided in the literature on Northeast India and specifically in the conflict literature. The author describes the theoretical and policy implications of his research. It discusses that state agencies face challenges from rival forces across the range of their functions and that the ruling coalition in Mizoram has been able to mitigate inter-group contestations and prevent conflicts from breaking out uncontainably. It notes that grievance is an important ingredient for conflicts and violence. A comparison between the political economy of Manipur and Mizoram shows that both institutional arrangements and capabilities of the state in Manipur are poor, and hence, prone to internal and external shocks. It concludes by suggesting that actions around local issues, particularly those that are about inclusionary participation mechanisms, such as through public action for provision of public services will need to be pursued.
Bahudhā and the Post 9/11 World
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractToday, in the age of terrorism and an unsafe world, there is a fresh need to understand the core meaning of the world religions, to reshape the educational system, and to strengthen the United Nations (UN) in a manner that can help people to build a better future. Drawing upon sources from the ancient roots of Indian culture and his experience as an international civil servant, B.P. Singh presents an essential framework for addressing the core twenty-first century global conflict and rebuilding for the post-September 11 world, while integrating the concept of the bahudhā philosophy. The futility of promoting violence and conflict in the name of religion is obvious to all except a few. Together, people have to recognize that many factors drive public opinion, including education and media, and that a global view is required. Underlining the need to transcend age-old peace mechanisms and reconstruct the language of discourse, this book propounds the concept of bahudhā — an eternal reality or continuum, a dialogue of harmony, and peaceful living. Bahudhā recognizes the distinction between plural societies and pluralism, facilitates exchange of views, and promotes understanding of the collective good. This book argues that the answer to terrorism lies in respecting human rights and appreciating various cultures and value systems. This is crucial for facilitating and enhancing dialogue processes eventually leading to amity and a peaceful world.
1 The World Today
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHistorical factors — religious, political, and economic — shape events, which in turn, determine the future course of history. Amongst the many events witnessed by the world during 1989–2001, three stand out as being of immense significance. These are the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989; the transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997; and the terrorist attack on the United States of America on September 11, 2001. The transfer of Hong Kong to China marked the formal end of colonialism and the racial superiority theory in international affairs. The fall of the Berlin Wall in Germany meant the triumph of democracy and self-rule over communism and dictatorship. The attack on the USA on September 11, 2001 was followed by military intervention in Afghanistan and Iraq by the US and its allies. The chapter also examines the Tibetan Crisis, colonialism and imperialism, Iraq War, and terrorism in India.
2 Political ‘Tsunamis’ and After
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe end of colonialism and the Cold War in the second half of the twentieth century and the rise of the demon of terrorism at the beginning of the twenty-first century, has created a tsunami-like impact on politics and international relations, economics, and cultural practices. At the same time, a fierce debate rages in the world about terrorism. Although every religion has a fundamentalist group, after 9/11 particularly, the fundamentalist forces of Islam are receiving special attention from everyone. Fundamentalists and terrorists are also actuated by similar strong feelings and indulge in meaningless violence and senseless killing of innocent people. Hence, people are turning their attention increasingly to the more fundamental question of ‘how to live’. This chapter also studies religious fundamentalism, especially in Pakistan; recent changes in Islamic countries; political reforms in the Arab world; democracy; and globalization.
4 The Pathfinders
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThree ways were clearly stipulated by savants of the Vedic era as to ‘how should we live’. The first relates to karma or action, the second to rituals that prescribed yajna to propitiate nature and the gods, and the third relates to the bahudhā attitude. In its long history, Indian thought processes have undergone major changes spurred both by internal developments and by external contacts. Social conflict and external aggression have been a feature of history. Notwithstanding this, the bahudhā philosophy has found eloquent expression in India. This chapter examines this philosophy from the perspectives of the pathfinders: Lord Mahavira, Lord Buddha, and Guru Nanak.
6 The Rulers
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe myth of the Chakravartin fuelled the ambitions of several rulers in India to build a large empire over the Indian subcontinent. In the long history of governance in India, three outstanding rulers who made meaningful contributions to the bahudhā approach are Ashoka (304–232 BC), Akbar (1542–1605), and Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964). This chapter discusses the concepts implemented by these rulers, such as dhamma, ibadat khana, abolition of jiziya, din-i-ilahi; communal harmony, foreign policy, naga policy, and the relationship between Gandhi and Nehru. Ashoka stands out as an outstanding gifted ruler who laid down some unique conflict resolution mechanisms. Akbar was crowned the third emperor of the Mughal Empire. Meanwhile, the idea that power can be turned to utilitarian goals in a democracy is now well accepted. This has been possible in great measure because the policies enunciated by Nehru were pursued by successive prime ministers.
9 Religion for All Beings
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIt is very unfortunate that religion has become a source of discord, conflict and wars. Faiths differ from each other in terms of dogmas, beliefs, and rituals. But, at the same time, all religions have also been creative, and have enabled people to attain meaningful existence. Dogmas, beliefs, and rituals are only instruments which seek to arouse a spiritual quest so that one can realize new possibilities in life. This chapter asks the following questions: What is the political role of religion? How does it affect state policy? What challenges does it pose to world peace? What positive role can religion play towards global peace and formulation of public policy for social harmony? Is secularization of the state the answer? What help can the bahudhā approach render in this context?
12 In Conclusion
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe issues of globalization, democracy, and peace that have dominated people’s lives, especially after 1989, are likely to continue as the most important global political trends of the twenty-first century as well. This chapter first cites the significance of the dismantling of the Berlin Wall, the transfer of Hong Kong to China, and the destruction of the World Trade Center in New York on 11 September 2001. This chapter reflects upon the following issues: a peaceful world without wars and major conflicts; whether religions will inspire suicide squads the coming years; whether terrorists will kill innocent civilians and destroy property in the name of religion; whether incompatibility and the feeling of distrust among ethnic and religious groups are going to decline heralding an era of social harmony; and a global political order based on the rule of law and equality.
Concerning Dr Ansari's Household
Authors: Edib Halidé 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Dr M.A. Ansari lived in Dar-Es-Salam, which means House of Salam or House of Islam. Aside from the spirit of Islam, the house, where the author stayed as a guest for almost two months, also had international and universal aspects. The walls of the drawing-room featured many famous Indians as well as Afghans and Persians. Muslim India is a window not only to the Near and Middle East but also to the Far East. Ansari gave the author ten days to rest and look around before beginning her lectures at the Jamia Millia Islamia in New Delhi. Ansari was the head of the Indian Red Crescent; his visit to Turkey made him a bridge between the Near East and India. He was also one of the organizers of the Khilafat movement and one of its strongest supporters.
Concerning Chairmen at Jamia Lectures
Authors: Edib Halidé 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this chapter, the Halide Edib talks about eight personalities who presided over her lectures at the Jamia Millia Islamia (National Muslim University) in New Delhi. Four of them were Hindus and the other four were Muslims. They are Sarojini Naidu, Mahatma Gandhi, Dr Bhagavan Das, and Bhulabhai Desai as well as Dr M.A. Ansari, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Sulaiman Nadvi, and Sir Mohammad Iqbal.