bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Biotype: Gingival Thickness as It Relates to Probe Visibility and Buccal Plate Thickness
Authors: Frost Natalie A. , Mealey Brian L. , Jones Archie A. , Huynh‐Ba Guy 
Published: June 2015

Background: Probe visibility is the clinical gold standard to discriminate thick from thin biotype but is prone to subjective interpretation. The primary objective of this study is to determine at what objective gingival thickness the probe becomes invisible through the tissue. A secondary objective is to compare mean buccal plate thickness between thick and thin biotypes as determined by probe visibility.Methods: Maxillary anterior teeth (n = 306) were studied in 56 human patients. Biotype was determined by probe visibility through the tissue. Gingival thickness was measured via transgingival sounding. Buccal plate thickness was measured (n = 66 teeth) by cone beam computed tomography. For the primary objective, the gingival thickness that best corresponded with probe invisibility was selected using the receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) with the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity. For the secondary objective, mean buccal plate thickness was compared between sites in which the probe was visible and when it was not (Student t test, α= 0.05).Results: The gingival thickness that most closely corresponded with probe invisibility was >0.8 mm (0.666 AUC, 67.7% sensitivity, 65.4% specificity). When the probe was visible, mean gingival thickness was 0.17 mm less (P <0.001) compared to the “thick” counterparts. When the probe was visible, mean buccal plate thickness tended to be smaller by 0.212 mm (P = 0.08), but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The study failed to identify a gingival thickness threshold that can discriminate reliably between sites in which the probe was visible (i.e., thin biotype) and those in which it was not (i.e., thick biotype). Probe visibility was associated with thinner measurements of gingival thickness and showed a tendency to be associated with a thinner buccal plate.
Biofilm Lysine Decarboxylase, a New Therapeutic Target for Periodontal Inflammation
Authors: Lohinai Zsolt , Keremi Beata , Szöko Eva , Tábi Tamás , Szabo Csaba , Tulassay Zsolt , DiCesare John C. , Davis Carole A. , Collins Lindsay M. , Levine Martin 
Published: June 2015

Background: Lysine, a nutritionally essential amino acid, enters the oral cavity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). During oral hygiene restriction (OHR), lysine decarboxylase (LDC) in dento‐gingival biofilms converts lysine to cadaverine. Lysine depletion impairs the dental epithelial barrier to bacterial proinflammatory products. Antibodies to LDC from Eikenella corrodens (Ecor‐LDC) inhibit LDC activity and retard gingival inflammation in beagle dogs. Whether E. corrodens is the major source of LDC in dental biofilms and whether the lysine analog tranexamic acid (TA) inhibits LDC activity, biofilm accumulation, and GCF exudation in a human gingivitis model were examined.Methods: Antibodies raised in goats to LDC‐rich extracts from E. corrodens cell surfaces were used to inhibit Ecor‐LDC and detect it in biofilm extracts using Western blots. Ecor‐LDC activity was measured at pH 4.0 to 11.0 and its TA dissociation constant (Ki) at pH 7.0. Young adults used a 5% or 10% TA mouthwash three times daily during OHR for 1 week.Results: Ecor‐LDC antibodies and TA inhibited biofilm LDC. Ki of TA for Ecor‐LDC was 940 μM. TA reduced plaque index (PI) by downshifting the PI correlation with biofilm lysine content after OHR without TA. GCF was correspondingly suppressed. However, greater TA retention in saliva partially relieved GCF suppression but not biofilm lysine depletion.Conclusions: TA slightly inhibits LDC but strongly reduces biofilm by inhibiting bacterial lysine uptake. Unfortunately, TA may impair dental epithelial attachments by also inhibiting lysine transporter uptake. Ecor‐LDC inhibitors other than lysine analogs may maintain sufficient lysine levels and attachment integrity to prevent periodontal inflammation.
Identifying Glucokinase Monogenic Diabetes in a Multiethnic Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Cohort: New Pregnancy Screening Criteria and Utility of HbA1c
Authors: Rudland Victoria L. , Hinchcliffe Marcus , Pinner Jason , Cole Stuart , Mercorella Belinda , Molyneaux Lynda , Constantino Maria , Yue Dennis K. , Ross Glynis P. , Wong Jencia 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
Glucokinase monogenic diabetes (GCK–maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]) should be differentiated from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) because management differs. New pregnancy-specific screening criteria (NSC) have been proposed to identify women who warrant GCK genetic testing. We tested NSC and HbA1c in a multiethnic GDM cohort and examined projected referrals for GCK testing.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using a GDM database, 63 of 776 women had a postpartum oral glucose tolerance test suggestive of GCK-MODY. Of these 63 women, 31 agreed to undergo GCK testing. NSC accuracy and HbA1c were examined. Projected referrals were calculated by applying the NSC to a larger GDM database (n = 4,415).

RESULTS
Four of 31 women were confirmed as having GCK-MODY (prevalence ∼0.5–1/100 with GDM). The NSC identified all Anglo-Celtic women but did not identify one Indian woman. The NSC will refer 6.1% of GDM cases for GCK testing, with more Asian/Indian women referred despite lower disease prevalence. Antepartum HbA1c was not higher in those with GCK-MODY.

CONCLUSIONS
The NSC performed well in Anglo-Celtic women. Ethnic-specific criteria should be explored.
MERIS GPP/NPP product for Estonia: II. Complex meteorological limiting factor and optimum leaf area index / MERIS’e GPP/NPP tulem Eesti jaoks: II. Kompleksne meteoroloogiline piirangutegur ja optimaalne lehepinnaindeks
Authors: Nilson Tiit , Rennel Mattias , Lang Mait 
Published: June 2015

Abstract.
The merits and possible problems of the light use efficiency-concept based GPP/NPP models applied together with satellite images and meteorological data to quantitatively understand the role of different meteorological factors in forest productivity are analysed. A concept of the complex meteorological limiting factor for plant productivity is introduced. The factor includes the effects of incoming photosynthetically active radiation as well as the temperature and water limiting factors. Climatologically averaged seasonal courses of the complex meteorological limiting factor derived from the records of two contrasting meteorological stations in Estonia - inland Tartu/Tõravere and coastal Sõrve - are shown. Leaf phenology, here described via the seasonal course of leaf area index (LAI), is interpreted as a possible means to maximise the carbon gain under particular meteorological conditions. The equations for the optimum seasonal course of LAI as derived from the NPP model are presented. As the daily adjustment of plant LAI to sudden changes in meteorological conditions is not possible, several approximate strategies for LAI seasonal course to maximise the yearly NPP of vegetation are analysed. Typical optimal courses of LAI show some seasonal asymmetry resulting in lower values of LAI in the second half of the vegetation period due to higher air temperatures and respiration costs. Knowledge about optimum LAI courses has a cognitive value, but can also be used as the simulated LAI courses in several models when the measured LAI values are not available. As the considered GPP/NPP models fail to adequately describe the local trends in forest and agricultural productivity in Estonia, the ways to improve the model’s performance are shown.
Sitting and Activity Time in People With Stroke
Authors: English Coralie , Healy Genevieve N. , Coates Alison , Lewis Lucy , Olds Tim , Bernhardt Julie 
Published: June 2015

Background
Excessive sitting time is linked to cardiovascular disease morbidity. To date, no studies have accurately measured sitting time patterns in people with stroke.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount and pattern of accumulation of sitting time, physical activity, and use of time in people with stroke compared with age-matched healthy peers.

Design
This study used an observational design.

Methods
Sitting time (total and time accumulated in prolonged, unbroken bouts of ≥30 minutes) was measured with an activity monitor. Physical activity and daily energy expenditure were measured using an accelerometer and a multisensory array armband, respectively. All monitors had a 7-day wear protocol. Participants recalled 1 day of activity (during monitor wear time) using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults.

Results
Sixty-three adults (40 with stroke and 23 age-matched healthy controls) participated. The participants (35% female, 65% male) had a mean age of 68.4 years (SD=10.0). Participants with stroke spent significantly more time sitting (X̅=10.9 h/d, SD=2.0) compared with controls (X̅=8.2 h/d, SD=2.0), with much of this sitting time prolonged (stroke group: X̅=7.4 h/d, SD=2.8; control group: X̅=3.7 h/d, SD=1.7). Participants with stroke accumulated most of their sitting time while watching television and in general quiet time, whereas control participants spent more time reading and on the computer. Physical activity and daily energy expenditure were lower in the stroke group compared with the control group.

Limitations
A sample of convenience was used to select participants for the stroke and control groups, which may reduce the generalizability of results.

Conclusions
Participants with stroke spent more time sitting and less time in activity than their age-matched peers. Further work is needed to determine whether reducing sitting time is feasible and leads to clinically important reductions in cardiovascular risk in this population.
Refined energy-balance modelling of a supraglacial pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal
Authors: Miles Evan S. , Pellicciotti Francesca , Willis Ian C. , Steiner Jakob F. , Buri Pascal , Arnold Neil S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSupraglacial ponds on debris-covered glaciers present a mechanism of atmosphere/glacier energy transfer that is poorly studied, and only conceptually included in mass-balance studies of debris-covered glaciers. This research advances previous efforts to develop a model of mass and energy balance for supraglacial ponds by applying a free-convection approach to account for energy exchanges at the subaqueous bare-ice surfaces. We develop the model using field data from a pond on Lirung Glacier, Nepal, that was monitored during the 2013 and 2014 monsoon periods. Sensitivity testing is performed for several key parameters, and alternative melt algorithms are compared with the model. The pond acts as a significant recipient of energy for the glacier system, and actively participates in the glacier’s hydrologic system during the monsoon. Melt rates are 2-4 cm d-1 (total of 98.5 m3 over the study period) for bare ice in contact with the pond, and <1 mmd-1 (total of 10.6m3) for the saturated debris zone. The majority of absorbed atmospheric energy leaves the pond system through englacial conduits, delivering sufficient energy to melt 2612 m3 additional ice over the study period (38.4 m3 d-1). Such melting might be expected to lead to subsidence of the glacier surface. Supraglacial ponds efficiently convey atmospheric energy to the glacier’s interior and rapidly promote the downwasting process.
Memorandum “Open Metadata”
Authors: Dugas M. , Jöckel K. -H. , Friede T. , Gefeller O. , Kieser M. , Marschollek M. , Ammenwerth E. , Röhrig R. , Knaup-Gregori P. , Prokosch H. -U. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAt present, most documentation forms and item catalogs in healthcare are not accessible to the public. This applies to assessment forms of routine patient care as well as case report forms (CRFs) of clinical and epidemiological studies. On behalf of the German chairs for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology six recommendations to developers and users of documentation forms in healthcare were developed. Open access to medical documentation forms could substantially improve information systems in health-care and medical research networks. Therefore these forms should be made available to the scientific community, their use should not be unduly restricted, they should be published in a sustainable way using international standards and sources of documentation forms should be referenced in scientific publications.
Cutting Edge: Induction of Inflammatory Disease by Adoptive Transfer of an Atypical NK Cell Subset
Authors: Voynova Elisaveta , Qi Chen-Feng , Scott Bethany , Bolland Silvia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Several mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus, including FcγRIIB-KO and TLR7tg mice, develop an expansion of an atypical NK cell subset with functional similarity to cells referred as IFN-producing killer DCs or pre-mature NKs in other systems. In this study, we show that atypical NKs purified from spleens of systemic lupus erythematosus–prone mice, and identified as NK1.1+CD11c+CD122+MHC-II+, induce persistent autoimmune disease in an IFN-I– and CD40L-dependent manner when transferred to wild-type mice. A single transfer of 4 × 106 NK1.1+ cells from TLR7tg into wild-type induces a 2-wk–long wave of inflammatory cytokines in the serum; a sustained increase in T cell activation and follicular helper cells for the following months; and a progressive expansion of dendritic cells, monocytes, and granulocytes. Furthermore, IL-15 deficiency, which impedes development of NK cells, ameliorates the autoimmune pathology of TLR7tg mice. These results suggest that cells of the NK lineage can develop into cytokine-producing/APCs that affect the priming and progression of systemic autoimmune disease.
Neurociencias aplicadas al análisis de la percepción: Corazón y emoción ante el Himno de Ecuador
Authors: Rúas-Araujo José , Punin Larrea María Isabel , Gómez Alvarado Héctor Fernando , Cuesta Morales Pedro , Ratté Sylvie 
Published: June 2015

El uso de métodos, técnicas y herramientas de las neurociencias se está generalizando durante las últimas décadas y el prefijo “neuro” abarca distintas disciplinas, entre ellas, las ciencias sociales y la comunicación, como consecuencia del entendimiento de que la salud y la medicina son socialmente construidas. Metodología: Este artículo analiza el impacto provocado por la audición de versiones en distintas lenguas del himno oficial de Ecuador, entre un grupo de estudiantes ecuatorianos, a través del registro de las alteraciones físicas (estudio de Variabilidad de la Frecuencia Cardíaca, VFC) y emocionales (programa de reconocimiento facial de emociones) de los participantes. Resultados y conclusiones: El resultado de la VFC de los participantes no resultó estadísticamente significativo y tan solo se observaron diferencias en la percepción por sexo. En el análisis de reconocimiento facial de emociones, los resultados mostraron, mayoritariamente, un patrón secuencial emocional evolutivo de “sorprendido y alegre”, es decir, de complacencia.
Exploring the Relationship between Market Value and Accounting Numbers of Firms in Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Salman , Liu Yangping , Khan Sajjad Hussain 
Published: June 2015

<p>This study examines the relationship between accounting numbers and market prices for the Pakistani cement industry. The study covers a time span of nine years from 2005-2014. We study the influence of book value of share, breakup value of share, earning per share, gearing ratio and dividend to equity ratio on market value of share. After applying different econometric techniques we found that book value of share and earnings per share have statistically significant influence on the market price of share. </p>
DMEK Lenticule Preparation using an Air Dissection Technique: Central versus Peripheral Injection
Authors: Feizi Sepehr , Javadi Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2015

Purpose To compare 2 sites of air injection to prepare donor lenticules for Descemet membrane (DM) endothelial keratoplasty. Methods Fifty-one human corneoscleral buttons from donors aged 4 to 57 years were used. Corneoscleral buttons were placed endothelial side up and a 27-G needle was inserted just outside Schwalbe line and advanced immediately beneath the endothelium. Air was injected centrally inside the 8-mm zone (group 1) or peripherally approximately 1 mm in front of the limbus (group 2). Air injection was continued to extend the DM detachment as far as possible into the corneal periphery. Comparisons of central versus peripheral air injection were performed for reproducibility, the rate of usable tissue, and the type and diameter of the acquired bubble. Results The mean donor age was 30.0 ± 12.9 years. A big bubble was achieved following central or peripheral air injection in all cases. A usable donor lenticule (≥8.0 mm) was achieved in 95.7% of cases in group 1 and 89.3% of cases in group 2 (p>0.99). Both injection sites were comparable with regard to the diameter of the achieved bubbles (9.57 ± 2.11 mm versus 10.22 ± 2.34 mm, respectively, p = 0.32), the chance of complete DM detachment (39.1% versus 53.6%, respectively, p = 0.25), and the risk of bubble bursting (4.4% versus 7.1%, respectively, p = 0.41). The odds of a type 2 bubble increased by 11.86 for peripheral air injections compared to central injections (p = 0.01). Conclusions Both injection sites exhibited comparable rates of usable donor lenticules. However, peripheral air injection was more likely to yield stroma-free grafts.
Prognostic Factors for Mid-Term Symptom Relief after Open Surgical Correction for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Hingsammer Andreas M. , Stelzeneder David , Kalish Leslie A. , Millis Michael B. , Kim Young-Jo 
Published: June 2015

Background We sought to identify, which patient and radiographic factors at preoperative and 1-year follow up will predict patient symptom relief at mid-term. Materials and methods A total of 50 hips in 47 patients with symptomatic FAI were included in this retrospective study. We stratified the hips into “success” and “failure” groups based on the change from baseline to mid-term follow up WOMAC pain score (mean follow up of 5.8 years). An attempt was made to identify factors that are predictive of mid-term outcome among preoperative radiographic measures, dGEMRIC index, range of motion and WOMAC score as well as 1-year follow-up range of motion, radiographic measures, and WOMAC pain scores. Results At 1-year follow up, the success rate was 72% (36/50) and at mid-term follow the success rate increased to 82% (41/50). There were no significant associations between mid-term pain scores and baseline factors (all p-values ≥0.10). One-year pain score and hip internal rotation was associated with poor mid-term pain scores but only the 1-year pain score was associated with the mid-term success/failure outcome. Conclusions We did not identify clear preoperative predictors of mid-term results but patients with poor pain scores and limited hip internal rotation at 1-year follow-up are less likely to do well at mid-term.
Two-Stage Management of the Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sandiford Nemandra A. , Duncan Clive P. , Garbuz Donald S. , Masri Bassam A. 
Published: June 2015

There is currently no consensus on the optimal management of the infected total hip arthroplasty. Multiple management techniques have been described in contemporary literature. This paper focuses on 2-stage revision for the infected total hip arthroplasty. We discuss the rationale and examine the current evidence for the use of this technique.
Enhanced Drug Delivery of Antibiotic-Loaded Acrylic Bone Cements Using Calcium Phosphate Spheres
Authors: Qin Tao , López Alejandro , Öhman Caroline , Engqvist Håkan , Persson Cecilia , Xia Wei 
Published: June 2015

Background Local infection near an implant may pose a serious problem for patients. Antibiotic delivery from acrylic (poly(methyl methacrylate)-based) cements is commonly used to prevent and treat infections in the proximity of, e.g., hip joint implants. However, at present, the drug release properties of PMMA cements are not optimal. An initial burst followed by very slow release means that an unnecessarily large amount of antibiotic needs to be added to the cement, increasing the risk of bacterial resistance. The main purpose of this study was to enhance drug delivery from PMMA cements without influencing the mechanical properties. Methods We incorporated strontium-doped calcium phosphate spheres (SCPS) into PMMA cement to enhance the antibiotic release and potentially improve the bone-cement integration. The release of strontium and vancomycin was investigated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Results It was found that incorporating SCPS into PMMA could enhance the antibiotic release and deliver strontium ions to the surroundings. The incorporation of SCPS also increased the radiopacity as well as the working time of the cement. The compressive strength and Young's modulus were not affected. Conclusions Our results showed that SCPS/PMMA antibiotic-loaded cement had enhanced antibiotic release, delivered strontium ions and maintained mechanical properties, indicating that the SCPS additive could be a good alternative for controlling the drug-delivery properties of PMMA cement.
Color and Structural Changes of a Maxillofacial Elastomer: The Effects of Accelerated Photoaging, Disinfection and Type of Pigments
Authors: Griniari Panagiota , Polyzois Gregory , Papadopoulos Triantafillos 
Published: June 2015

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the color and structural changes of a maxillofacial silicone colored with 2 different pigments, after photoaging and immersion in disinfectants. Methods Ninety-six cylindrical specimens were fabricated and divided into 3 equal groups. The specimens of the first group consisted of unpigmented silicone (Multisil Epithetik), those of the second group consisted of unpigmented silicone, colored with red functional liquid pigment (Cosmesil Reactive 0.2% wt). The specimens of the third group were fabricated using unpigmented silicone colored with red powder pigment Cosmesil Dry at 0.2% wt. Specimens of each group were divided into 4 equal subgroups (immersed in soap solution, ethanol 95° or distilled water or placed in a photoaging apparatus for 174 hours). Structural changes were examined by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) before and after aging. Color changes (ΔΕ*) were measured using the CIE L*a*b* system. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for post hoc comparison were used at a = 0.05. Results Infrared spectroscopy showed no structural changes after immersion in solutions and photoaging, for all the materials tested. No statistically significant differences for ΔΕ* among the tested groups were found. Conclusions It can be concluded that no structural changes of pigmented and unpigmented silicone elastomers were observed among all aging procedures. Recorded color changes for the materials tested were within the limits of clinical acceptability after all aging procedures. Immersion in distilled water presented the best color stability, whereas photoaging, the poorest, for all materials.