bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric MRI alterations and postoperative seizure control in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Keller Simon S. , Richardson Mark P. , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Schoene‐Bake Jan‐Christoph , Elger Christian , Weber Bernd 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRefractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a debilitating condition potentially amenable to resective surgery. However, between 40 and 50% patients continue to experience postoperative seizures. The development of imaging prognostic markers of postoperative seizure outcome is a crucial objective for epilepsy research. In the present study, we performed analyses of preoperative cortical thickness and subcortical surface shape on MRI in 115 of patients with mTLE and radiologically defined hippocampal sclerosis being considered for surgery, and 80 healthy controls. Patients with excellent (International League Against Epilepsy outcome (ILAE) I) and suboptimal (ILAE II–VI) postoperative outcomes had a comparable distribution of preoperative atrophy across the cortex, basal ganglia, and amygdala. Conventional volumetry of whole hippocampal and extrahippocampal subcortical structures, and of global gray and white matter, could not differentiate between patient outcome groups. However, surface shape analysis revealed localized atrophy of the thalamus bilaterally and of the posterior/lateral hippocampus contralateral to intended resection in patients with persistent postoperative seizures relative to those rendered seizure free. Data uncorrected for multiple comparisons also revealed focal atrophy of the ipsilateral hippocampus posterior to the margins of resection in patients with persistent seizures. This data indicates that persistent postoperative seizures after temporal lobe surgery are related to localized preoperative shape alterations of the thalamus bilaterally and the hippocampus contralateral to intended resection. Imaging techniques that have the potential to unlock prognostic markers of postoperative outcome in individual patients should focus assessment on a bihemispheric thalamohippocampal network in prospective patients with refractory mTLE being considered for temporal lobe surgery. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1637–1647, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebellar gray and white matter volume and their relation with age and manual motor performance in healthy older adults
Authors: Koppelmans Vincent , Hirsiger Sarah , Mérillat Susan , Jäncke Lutz , Seidler Rachael D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesFunctional neuroimaging and voxel‐based morphometry studies have confirmed the important role of the cerebellum in motor behavior. However, little is known about the relationship between cerebellar gray (GMv) and white matter (WMv) volume and manual motor performance in aging individuals. This study aims to quantify the relationship between cerebellar tissue volume and manual motor performance.Experimental designTo gain more insight into cerebellar function and how it relates to the role of the primary motor cortex (M1), we related cerebellar GMv, WMv, and M1v to manual motor performance in 217 healthy older individuals. Left and right cerebellar GMv and WMv, and M1v were obtained using FreeSurfer. The following motor measures were obtained: grip force, tapping speed, bimanual visuomotor coordination, and manual dexterity.Principal observationsSignificant positive relationships were observed between cerebellar GMv and WMv and grip strength, right cerebellar WMv and right‐hand tapping speed, right cerebellar WMv and dexterity, M1v and grip strength, and right M1v and left‐hand dexterity, though effect sizes were small.ConclusionsOur results show that cerebellar GMv and WMv are differently associated with manual motor performance. These associations partly overlap with the brain‐behavior associations between M1 and manual motor performance. Not all observed associations were lateralized (i.e., ipsilateral cerebellar and contralateral M1v associations with motor performance), which could point to age‐related neural dedifferentiation. The current study provides new insights in the role of the cerebellum in manual motor performance. In consideration of the small effect sizes replication studies are needed to validate these results. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2352–2363, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Relationship Between Self‐Rated Health and Hospital Records
Authors: Nielsen Torben Heien 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates whether self‐rated health (SRH) covaries with individual hospital records. By linking the Danish Longitudinal Survey on Ageing with individual hospital records covering all hospital admissions from 1995 to 2006, I show that SRH is correlated to historical, current, and future hospital records. I use both measures separately to control for health in a regression of mortality on wealth. Using only historical and current hospitalization controls for health yields the common result that SRH is a stronger predictor of mortality than objective health measures. The addition of future hospitalizations as controls shows that the estimated gradient on wealth is similar to one in which SRH is the control. The results suggest that with a sufficiently long time series of individual records, objective health measures can predict mortality to the same extent as global self‐rated measures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene polymorphism with schizophrenia and depressive symptom severity in a Chinese population
Authors: Hui Li , Wu Jing Qin , Ye Min Jie , Zheng Ke , He Jin Cai , Zhang Xuan , Liu Jia Hong , Tian Hai Jia , Gong Ben Hong , Chen Da Chun , Lv Meng Han , Soares Jair C. , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are frequently observed in schizophrenia patients. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme of renin‐angiotensin system, can catalyze the degradation of neuropeptides and modulate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Previous studies have revealed the association of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with depressive disorder and its treatment response but not with the depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine whether this polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and with its psychopathological symptoms, especially depressive symptoms in a Han Chinese population.MethodsThis polymorphism was genotyped in 382 chronic patients and 538 healthy controls. Psychopathology was characterised using the positive and negative syndrome scale.ResultsThe allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism significantly differed between patients and controls (both p < 0.001). A significant difference in the positive and negative syndrome scale depressive symptom score was observed among the three genotypes (p < 0.03), with higher score in patients with insertion/insertion (I/I) than with deletion/deletion (D/D) genotypes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant linear correlation between the number of I alleles and the depressive symptom score (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to schizophrenia and also in its depressive symptom severity in a Han Chinese population. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stemflow and throughfall contributions to soil water recharge under trees with differing branch architectures
Authors: Bialkowski R. , Buttle J. M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTrees whose branches slope towards or away from the bole differ in the spatial pattern of water delivery to the soil surface beneath their canopies. This study examines the implications of these differences for soil water recharge below 1 m depth in a managed forest on the Oak Ridges Moraine in southern Ontario. Throughfall and vertical profiles of soil water content at varying distances from the boles of a sugar maple and two red pines of differing ages (36 and 57 years old) were measured during rainfall inputs in the summer of 2009 and in the spring/early summer of 2010. Stemflow fluxes were estimated using measurements on nearby trees with similar morphologies. A water balance approach was used to estimate recharge at each distance from the bole, as well as for the entire sampled area beneath each tree's canopy. Throughfall was more than 1.3 times above‐canopy rainfall within 0.5 m of the bole of the sugar maple, and stemflow volumes were at least an order‐of‐magnitude greater than those for the pines in both 2009 and 2010. These focused inputs resulted in greater near‐bole soil water contents and soil water recharge in excess of above‐canopy rainfall within 0.3 m of the sugar maple bole. In contrast, both young and old pines showed no significant trends in throughfall with distance from the bole, and minor stemflow volumes made insignificant contributions to recharge near the pine boles. Recharge was significantly greater than 0 beneath the canopy of all three trees in both years and was generally similar between trees. The exception was recharge beneath the sugar maple in 2010, which exceeded that of the young red pine as a result of the former's large stemflow fluxes. Results suggest the transition from red pine plantations to mixed hardwood‐conifer stands will not alter total soil water recharge during spring and summer rainfall inputs; nevertheless, it will generate marked changes in the spatial pattern of sub‐canopy recharge in this forest landscape on the Oak Ridges Moraine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Androgens on Murine Cortical Bone Do Not Require AR or ERα Signaling in Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
Authors: Ucer Serra , Iyer Srividhya , Bartell Shoshana M , Martin-Millan Marta , Han Li , Kim Ha-Neui , Weinstein Robert S , Jilka Robert L , O'Brien Charles A , Almeida Maria , Manolagas Stavros C 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

In men, androgens are critical for the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass in both the cortical and cancellous bone compartment. Male mice with targeted deletion of the androgen receptor (AR) in mature osteoblasts or osteocytes have lower cancellous bone mass, but no cortical bone phenotype. We have investigated the possibility that the effects of androgens on the cortical compartment result from AR signaling in osteoprogenitors or cells of the osteoclast lineage; or via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling in either or both of these two cell types upon conversion of testosterone to estradiol. To this end, we generated mice with targeted deletion of an AR or an ERα allele in the mesenchymal (ARf/y;Prx1-Cre or ERαf/f;Osx1-Cre) or myeloid cell lineage (ARf/y;LysM-Cre or ERαf/f;LysM-Cre) and their descendants. Male ARf/y;Prx1-Cre mice exhibited decreased bone volume and trabecular number, and increased osteoclast number in the cancellous compartment. Moreover, they did not undergo the loss of cancellous bone volume and trabecular number caused by orchidectomy (ORX) in their littermate controls. In contrast, ARf/y;LysM-Cre, ERαf/f;Osx1-Cre, or ERαf/f;LysM-Cre mice had no cancellous bone phenotype at baseline and lost the same amount of cancellous bone as their controls following ORX. Most unexpectedly, adult males of all four models had no discernible cortical bone phenotype at baseline, and lost the same amount of cortical bone as their littermate controls after ORX. Recapitulation of the effects of ORX by AR deletion only in the ARf/y;Prx1-Cre mice indicates that the effects of androgens on cancellous bone result from AR signaling in osteoblasts—not on osteoclasts or via aromatization. The effects of androgens on cortical bone mass, on the other hand, do not require AR or ERα signaling in any cell type across the osteoblast or osteoclast differentiation lineage. Therefore, androgens must exert their effects indirectly by actions on some other cell type(s) or tissue(s). © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Impact of two different sized Stevenson screens on air temperature measurements
Authors: Buisan Samuel T. , Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Jimenez Yolanda 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study we evaluated the impact of the size of two naturally ventilated wooden Stevenson screens on air temperature measurements in the first‐order meteorological station of Calamocha (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain). The 1‐year field experiment consisted of comparing air temperatures measured at the two most commonly sized Stevenson screens used by the Spanish Meteorological State Agency (AEMET) since last century; the medium‐sized Stevenson screen employed at the second‐order weather stations,versusthe large‐sized Stevenson screen mainly used at the first‐order meteorological stations. The main objective was to report the air temperature difference between these two differently sized Stevenson screens, and to study the impact on the observed differences of some weather elements (i.e. relative humidity, wind speed, total cloud cover, atmospheric pressure and global solar radiation). The results show that the medium‐sized Stevenson screen tended to overheat daily maximum air temperatures (0.54 °C on yearly average) and also air temperatures recorded at 1300 UTC. The differences on daily minimum air temperatures were negligible (−0.11 °C on yearly average). This overheating bias (not statistically significant) occurred under anticyclonic situations that lead to clear skies, high solar radiation, weak winds and low relative humidity. The bias appeared throughout the whole year but in particular during the warm season from May through October. Air temperature observations from the nearby station Daroca confirmed an overheating bias introduced by a change from a large‐sized Stevenson screen to a medium‐sized one in Calamocha.
Regionalization of snowfall frequency and trends over the contiguous United States
Authors: Kluver Daria , Leathers Daniel 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examines the regional variations in the frequency of snowfall across the conterminous United States from 1930 to 2007. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis are used to group stations together based on the main modes of variation in snowfall frequency. Results indicate the existence of seven unique snowfall regions, which correspond to predominant storm tracks across the United States. These are the southeast, the south central Plains and southwest, the Ohio River Valley and mid‐Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest, and three sub‐regions in the Upper‐Midwest. Quantile regression reveals that the distribution functions of each region's snowfall frequency are different and in some regions, changing over time. The northern part of the Upper‐Midwest is experiencing increasing trends in all percentiles of snowfall frequencies, the Pacific northwest is experiencing declines in greater than median snowfall frequencies, and the southeast is seeing a decline in extreme frequency years. Correlation analysis between large‐scale teleconnection patterns and regionally averaged snowfall frequencies corroborate previous findings and indicate specific forcing mechanisms for snowfall frequency in each region.
Impact of casein and egg white proteins on the structure of wheat gluten‐based protein‐rich food
Authors: Wouters Arno GB , Rombouts Ine , Lagrain Bert , Delcour Jan A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a growing interest in texturally and nutritionally satisfying vegetable alternatives to meat. Wheat gluten proteins have unique functional properties but a poor nutritional value in comparison to animal proteins. This study investigated the potential of egg white and bovine milk casein with well‐balanced amino acid composition to increase the quality of wheat gluten‐based protein‐rich foods.RESULTSHeating a wheat gluten (51.4 g)–water (100.0 mL) blend for 120 min at 100 °C increased its firmness less than heating a wheat gluten (33.0 g)–freeze‐dried egg white (16.8 g)–water (100.0 mL) blend. In contrast, the addition of casein to the gluten–water blend negatively impacted firmness after heating. Firmness was correlated with loss of protein extractability in sodium dodecyl sulfate containing medium during heating, which was higher with egg white than with casein. Even more, heat‐induced polymerization of the gluten–water blend with egg white but not with casein was greater than expected from the losses in extractability of gluten and egg white on their own.CONCLUSIONStructure formation was favored by mixing gluten with egg white but not with casein. These observations were linked to the intrinsic polymerization behavior of egg white and casein, but also to their interaction with gluten. Thus not all nutritionally suitable proteins can be used for enrichment of gluten‐based protein‐rich foods. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Anti‐hyperglycemic and anti‐hyperlipidemic effects of Vaccinium myrtillus fruit in experimentally induced diabetes (antidiabetic effect of Vaccinium myrtillus fruit)
Authors: Asgary Sedigheh , RafieianKopaei Mahmood , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Shamsi Fatemeh , Goli‐malekabadi Najmeh 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) is a useful plant with antidiabetic properties in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bilberry against DM. Diabetes was induced using intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg kg−1 body weight (BW)). Bilberry powder (2 g d−1) and glibenclamide (positive control; 0.6 mg kg−1 BW) were administered for 4 weeks following alloxan injection. Serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C), triglycerides (TG) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were determined at baseline and at 2nd and 4th week of the study.RESULTSBilberry supplementation resulted in a significant reduction of glucose compared with the diabetic control as well as glibenclamide treatment. Bilberry elevated insulin, reduced TC, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C and TG levels, and prevented HDL‐C decline. Serum insulin, TC and LDL‐C levels were not affected by glibenclamide, and CRP did not significantly change with either bilberry or glibenclamide. Histological examinations revealed a significant elevation of islet size in the bilberry and glibenclamide‐treated groups.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation with bilberry fruits may protect against impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in DM. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
An electrostatic discharge model for thin‐film transistor fabrication
Authors: Denson Bill 
Published: February 2015

AbstractElectrostatic discharge (ESD) is a significant cause of yield loss in thin‐film transistor (TFT) array manufacturing. TFT arrays are at increased risk relative to other electronic components because the TFTs are unprotected; the array has a large inherent capacitance, and TFT processing includes many chucking and conveyance steps that result in triboelectric charge generation. To reduce or eliminate ESD‐caused fallout, an understanding must be gained of an ESD event's fundamental physics, including the mechanism of charge generation, ESD event physics, and TFT failure modes.An equivalent circuit model has been developed to address the physics of how ESD events occur. The ESD event scenarios modeled with this circuit are as follows: (1) the substrate glass is lifted from the chuck, resulting in a non‐uniform static charge; (2) this charge induces a voltage on the A‐side components; (3) the substrate is lifted, causing a voltage increases; (4) the uneven charge generated results in voltage gradients between TFTs, resulting in an ESD event. This model combines the effects of TFT substrate lifting and charge generation, with a simplified equivalent circuit representing the TFT array. The behavior of this circuit was simulated with a spice model (Electronics Research Laboratory of the University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.) to characterize the ESD pulse.
Degradation of discarded appendicularian houses by oncaeid copepods
Authors: Nishibe Yuichiro , Takahashi Kazutaka , Ichikawa Tadafumi , Hidaka Kiyotaka , Kurogi Hiroaki , Segawa Kyohei , Saito Hiroaki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examined the degradation of discarded appendicularian houses due to feeding by oncaeid copepods in surface waters of the Kuroshio region. Vertical distributions of oncaeid copepods and discarded houses were investigated by optical sampling using a video plankton recorder (VPR). In situ VPR observations revealed that oncaeid copepods were commonly associated with discarded houses: the proportion of individuals attached to discarded houses reached saturated values of 25‐39% at house concentrations above 2000 houses m−3, suggesting that feeding by oncaeids was not limited by encounters at house concentrations typically observed in the upper 50 m. Laboratory observations confirmed that oncaeid copepods attached to the surface of discarded houses and ingested both house membranes and adhering particles. Individual feeding rates of the dominant Oncaea species, O. venusta and O. media, determined by measuring fecal pellet production and assimilation efficiency, varied from 0.13 μg C ind.−1 d−1 to 1.3 μg C ind.−1 d−1 (10‐37% body C d−1). Our results indicate that the oncaeid copepod community consumed up to 10% of house biomass each day in the upper 100 m of the water column, and show that through their close trophic coupling with discarded appendicularian houses, the oncaeids contribute significantly to house degradation in surface waters.
An inland sea high nitrate‐low chlorophyll (HNLC) region with naturally high pCO2
Authors: Murray James W. , Roberts Emily , Howard Evan , O'Donnell Michael , Bantam Cory , Carrington Emily , Foy Mike , Paul Barbara , Fay Amanda 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present a time series of data for temperature, salinity, nitrate, and carbonate chemistry from September 2011 to July 2013 at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories. Samples were collected at the Friday Harbor dock and pump house. Seawater conditions at Friday Harbor were high nitrate‐low chlorophyll, with average nitrate and pCO2 concentrations of ∼ 25 ± 5 μmol L−1 and ∼ 700 ± 103 μatm (pH 7.80 ± 0.06). Transient decreases in surface water nitrate and pCO2 corresponded with the timing of a spring bloom (April through June). The high nitrate and pCO2 originate from the high values for these parameters in the source waters to the Salish Sea from the California Undercurrent (CU). These properties are due to natural aerobic respiration in the region where the CU originates, which is the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern tropical North Pacific. Alkalinity varies little so the increase in pCO2 is due to inputs of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This increase in DIC can come from both natural aerobic respiration within the ocean and input of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere when the water was last at the sea surface. We calculated that the anthropogenic “ocean acidification” contribution to DIC in the source waters of the CU was 36 μmol L−1. This contribution ranged from 13% to 22% of the total increase in DIC, depending on which stoichiometry was used for C/O2 ratio (Redfield vs. Hedges). The remaining increase in DIC was due to natural aerobic respiration.