bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local-global principle for congruence subgroups of Chevalley groups
Authors: Apte Himanee , Stepanov Alexei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSuslin’s local-global principle asserts that if a matrix over a polynomial ring vanishes modulo the independent variable and is locally elementary then it is elementary. In this article we prove Suslin’s local-global principle for principal congruence subgroups of Chevalley groups. This result is a common generalization of the result of Abe for the absolute case and Apte, Chattopadhyay and Rao for classical groups. For the absolute case the localglobal principle was recently obtained by Petrov and Stavrova in the more general settings of isotropic reductive groups.
An adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system controlled space cector pulse width modulation based HVDC light transmission system under AC fault conditions
Authors: Ajay Kumar M. , Srikanth N. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In HVDC Light transmission systems, converter control is one of the major fields of present day research works. In this paper, fuzzy logic controller is utilized for controlling both the converters of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) based HVDC Light transmission systems. Due to its complexity in the rule base formation, an intelligent controller known as adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller is also introduced in this paper. The proposed ANFIS controller changes the PI gains automatically for different operating conditions. A hybrid learning method which combines and exploits the best features of both the back propagation algorithm and least square estimation method is used to train the 5-layer ANFIS controller. The performance of the proposed ANFIS controller is compared and validated with the fuzzy logic controller and also with the fixed gain conventional PI controller. The simulations are carried out in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The results reveal that the proposed ANFIS controller is reducing power fluctuations at both the converters. It also improves the dynamic performance of the test power system effectively when tested for various ac fault conditions.
A Bacterial Extract of OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom Prevents Allergic Rhinitis in Mice
Authors: Han Ling , Zheng Chao-Pan , Sun Yue-Qi , Xu Geng , Wen Weiping , Fu Qing-Ling 
Published: March 2014

Background According to the hygiene hypothesis, bacterial infections during early life contribute to a reduced incidence of asthma in animals. However, the effects of microbial products at a safe dose and within a rational time course on the prevention of allergic rhinitis (AR) have been inconclusive. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of oral administration of a bacterial extract, OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom (BV), with a low dose and general time course, which is currently used for respiratory infections in humans, on AR inflammation in mice. Methods We developed a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR allergic inflammation in the nose mucosa of mice. Low doses of OM-85 BV were orally administered for 3 months (long term) before sensitization. We evaluated nasal symptoms, pathology in the nose, inflammatory cells, and the levels of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines in the nasal lavage fluids, and the serum levels of specific IgE and IgG1. We also observed enhanced effects of OM-85BV with 1 month (short term) of treatment. Results We found that long-term pretreatment with OM-85 BV protected the mice from the majority of allergy-specific symptoms; specifically, OM-85 BV suppressed nasal symptoms, inhibited eosinophil infiltration in the nose, inhibited inflammatory infiltrates and the Th2 response by reducing cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, or IL-13) in the nasal lavage fluids, and reduced IgE and IgG1 levels. Furthermore, short-term treatment with OM-85 BV decreased the levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggested that OM-85 BV is a low-cost alternative candidate to prevent AR with simple oral administration.
CD4+ and CD8+ Regulatory T Cells in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Mucosa
Authors: Pant Harshita , Hughes Amy , Schembri Mark , Miljkovic Dijana , Krumbiegel Doreen 
Published: March 2014

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mucosal inflammation is characterized by an accumulation of effector–memory T cells, but their immune regulatory potential has not been adequately examined. Coexpression of transcription factor, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), an interleukin-2 receptor, CD25, in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is linked with regulatory function in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory ell (T phenotype of CD4+ (CD4Treg) and CD8+ (CD8Treg) T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and sinus mucosa of CRS patients. Methods Prospective study was performed involving 32 CRS with nasal polyp (CRSwNP), 14 CRS without nasal polyp (CRSsNP), and 8 control patients. Sinus and PB T lymphocytes were stained with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, and Foxp3 and analyzed using flow cytometry. Relevant clinical characteristics, sinus bacterial culture results, and eosinophilic mucus were examined. Results Sinus mucosa had a higher percentage of CD4Treg (CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) population compared with PB all patients. The percentage of PB CD4Treg and CD8Treg (CD3+CD8+CD25+Foxp3+) was not significantly different between the study groups. CRS mucosal tissue had a higher percentage of CD4Treg and activated T-helper cells than controls. There was no significant difference in PB and mucosal CD4Treg populations in CRS patients based on the presence of allergy, sinus culture results, or eosinophilic mucus. In controls creased mucosal CD4Treg correlated with coexisting allergy. Although overall CD4Treg numbers were higher, the regulatory potential of activated CD4+ T cells (CD4Treg/activated T-helper cell ratio) was significantly lower in CRS mucosa compared with controls. The CD8Treg subset was also significantly reduced in CRSwNP mucosa compared with controls. Conclusion A higher percentage of CD4Treg and activated T-helper cells in CRS mucosa suggests increased inflammation in CRS, independent of the presence of allergy, microbial culture results, or eosinophilic mucus. How, the decreased ratio of CD4Treg versus activated T-helper cells in CRS and reduced CD8Treg population in CRSwNPs indicates an inflammatory bias and the inability to control mucosal disease.
Histological Characteristics of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Recent 10-Year Experience of a Single Center in Daegu, Korea
Authors: Shin Seung-Heon , Ye Mi-Kyung , Kim Jung-Kyu , Cho Chang-Ho 
Published: March 2014

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has various histological patterns and the immunologic characteristics differ between eastern and western patients. This study assessed the histological pattern of Korean NPs and determined whether Korean NP patterns have become westernized. Methods Three hundred forty-nine CRSwNP patients were enrolled in this study in 2001 (n = 107), 2006 (n = 111), and 2011 (n = 131). Histological type was categorized as eosinophilic, neutrophilic, seromucinous gland hyperplasia, and stromal atypia types. Medical records were reviewed for their atopic status, olfactory function, and computed tomography (CT) score. Results The eosinophilic type was significantly increased in 2011 (62.6%) when compared with 2001 (52.3%) and 2006 7.7%). The incidence of atopic NPs was significantly higher in 2006 (18.9%) and 2011 (21.5%) than in 2001 (14.0%). Although atopic status and CT score were not significantly different among three NP types, anosmia was more common in eosinophilic NPs. Conclusion The prevalence of NPs with atopy and eosinophilic NPs has continuously increased in Korea, indicative that the sinonasal disease pattern is becoming similar with western countries.
Effects of Thymoquinone and Montelukast on Sinonasal Ciliary Beat Frequency
Authors: Uz Uzdan , Chen Bei , Palmer James N. , Cingi Cemal , Unlu Halis , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: March 2014

Background Herbal remedies predate written history and continue to be used more frequently than conventional pharmaceutical medications. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a traditional herb that has been used for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive effects. Montelukast is a conventional medication used to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of TQ and montelukast on human respiratory epithelium specifically addressing effects on cilia beat frequency (CBF). Methods Well-differentiated human sinonasal epithelial cultures, grown at an air–liquid interface were treated with varying concentrations of TQ and montelukast. Changes in CBF were determined using the Sissons-Ammons Video Analysis system. Results When applied to the basolateral surface, TQ showed a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in CBF with maximal stimulation at 30 minutes. Effects of montelukast on CBF showed both time and dose dependence with maximal stimulatory effect measured at 6 hours. Conclusion The results of our study indicate that TQ and montelukast have dose-dependent effects on CBF, extending their mechanism of action in respiratory diseases.
Formulation, Performance and Sustainability Aspects of Liquid Laundry Detergents
Authors: Dreja Michael , Vockenroth Inga , Plath Nicole , Schneider Christine , Martinez Erika 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the development of liquid laundry detergent formulations over the past 10 years with regard to performance and sustainability profiles. We found that between 2001 and 2011, wash performance has significantly increased while at the same time the surfactant level was substantially reduced, leading to lower Global Warming Potential and improvements in all other relevant lifecycle indicators. One driver is the partial replacement of surfactants with other, more effective ingredients like enzymes that allow for additional performance dimensions and new consumer-relevant benefits. Future surfactant systems that help increase and support the stability and functionality of enzymes will further boost performance at low temperature, improve storage stability and enable more concentrated formulations at competitive costs.
Interaction of Chromium(III) Complex of Glycylphenylalanine with Ninhydrin in Aqueous and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Micellar Media
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Abdul Rub Malik , Akram Mohamad , Kabir-ud-Din  
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we are reporting the influence of cationic CTAB surfactant on the interaction of chromium(III) complex of glycylphenylalanine [Cr(III)-Gly-Phe]2+ with ninhydrin under varying experimental conditions. The reaction follows irreversible first-order reaction kinetics with respect to [complex] and fractional-order with respect to [ninhydrin]. With progressive increase in [CTAB], the rate constant (k
Ψ) for condensation of ninhydrin into [Cr(III)-Gly-Phe]2+ complex increased, reached a maximum value, and then decreased. The results are best accounted for by the distribution of substrate into micellar and aqueous pseudo-phases as well as combination of substrate molecules with surfactant molecule. On the basis of above results, template mechanism has been discussed.
Gisekia (Gisekiaceae): Phylogenetic relationships, biogeography, and ecophysiology of a poorly known C4 lineage in the Caryophyllales
Authors: Bissinger Kerstin , Khoshravesh Roxanne , Kotrade Jan Peter , Oakley Jason , Sage Tammy L. , Sage Rowan F. , Hartmann Heidrun E. K. , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of the study: Gisekiaceae are a monogeneric family of the core Caryophyllales distributed in arid regions of Africa and Asia. The only widespread species of the genus, Gisekia pharnaceoides, performs C4 photosynthesis based on CO2 compensation point measurements. This study investigates the C4 syndrome and its evolution in Gisekia. The infrageneric relationships, distribution and bioclimatic preferences of Gisekia are also investigated.• Methods: Leaf gas exchange characteristics, activity of Rubisco and major C4 cycle enzymes, and ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells are studied for Gisekia pharnaceoides. δ13C values and leaf anatomy are analyzed for all species. A dated molecular phylogeny of 39 accessions representing all species of Gisekiaceae and 14 representatives of closely related core Caryophyllales families is generated using four cp markers and ITS. The precise current distribution and bioclimatic niche of Gisekia is assessed on the basis of 520 georeferenced specimen localities.• Key results: All traditionally recognized species of Gisekia are C4 plants with atriplicoid Kranz anatomy. Gisekia pharnaceoides uses the NAD‐ME biochemical type. The molecular phylogeny demonstrated two East African clades nested within South African clades, demonstrating migration along the arid areas of eastern Africa during the Late Miocene/Pliocene Epochs. Most traditionally defined species are polyphyletic.• Conclusions: Gisekia represents an isolated C4 lineage within core Caryophyllales dating back to the Miocene Epoch and probably spread along the African arid corridor from a South African center of origin. The seven currently recognized species should be treated as one polymorphic species or species complex, Gisekia pharnaceoides agg.
Very Small Worlds: The Austrian Länder as Constituent Units of the Austrian Federation
Authors: Bußjäger Peter 
Published: March 2014

La constitution fédérale autrichienne n’a pas seulement été établie, mais également fondée sur les « petits mondes » des neuf Länder. Même les récentes modifications constitutionnelles ont reconnu que le statut des Länder n’était pas simplement une forme de décentralisation, avec délégation de certaines compétences aux entités sous-nationales, mais que ces entités disposaient de leur propre souveraineté. Cependant, le statut légal des Länder est comparativement faible, et l’Autriche demeure une fédération fortement centralisée, en particulier en ce qui concerne les compétences législatives. Le fédéralisme coopératif devient donc un outil essentiel des Länder pour dépasser leur rôle subordonné dans la fédération. La fédération comme les Länder font un grand usage de la coopération formalisée (accords sur base de l’article 15a de la Constitution fédérale) ou informelle (conférences des Länder, et en particulier conférences des gouverneurs). L’autonomie constitutionnelle des Länder les autorise à établir leur propre système politique, du moins jusqu’à une certaine limite. Les dynamiques récentes démontrent que les Länder utilisent leurs compétences pour créer de nouveaux instruments dans des domaines spécifiques, comme la démocratie directe et le contrôle parlementaire.
Conflicting Cantonalisms
Authors: Mueller Sean 
Published: March 2014

Personne ne doute de l’importance des entités sous-nationales pour des fédérations démocratiques en général, et des cantons suisses pour la Confédération helvétique en particulier. Ce qui est beaucoup moins clair, cependant, est la façon de résoudre des conflits portant sur le nombre et le caractère de ces entités. Le cas suisse nous propose deux exemples d’une grande actualité : l’unification des deux « demi-cantons », Bâle-Ville et Bâle-Campagne, d’un côté, et la création d’un nouveau canton couvrant le canton de Jura et la partie francophone du canton de Berne, de l’autre. En comparant le rôle des différentes identités sous-nationales dans ces deux cas, la force de ce qu’on appelle le « cantonalisme » – conçu comme l’attachement à et l’identification à son canton – est démontrée comme un facteur majeur, même dans la Suisse du xxi e siècle. Ensuite, différentes manifestations de cantonalisme sont comparées : le clivage entre centre et périphérie à Bâle, et les différences linguistiques et/ou religieuses au Jura. Le fait que des processus de démocratie directe presque identiques aient été choisis pour résoudre ces problèmes témoigne de la volonté suisse de recherche de compromis à la fois pacifiques, négociés et approuvés par le peuple.
Optimising neuroimaging effectiveness in a district general hospital
Authors: McCarron MO , Wade C , McCarron P 
Published: March 2014

Background: Diagnostic accuracy in neurology frequently depends on clinical assessment and neuroimaging interpretation. We assessed neuroimaging discrepancy rates in reported findings between general radiologists and neuroradiologists among patients from a district general hospital (DGH). Methods: A neuroradiologist’s report was sought on selected DGH patients over 28 months. Pre-planned outcomes included comparisons of primary findings (main diagnosis or abnormality), secondary findings (differential diagnoses and incidental findings) and advice from neuroradiologists for further investigations. Results: A total of 233 patients (119 men and 114 women), mean age 47.2 (SD 17.8) years were studied: 43 had a computed tomography (CT) brain scan only, 37 had CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and 153 had only MRI scans. Discrepancies in the primary diagnosis/abnormality were identified in 33 patients (14.2%). This included 7 of 43 patients (16.3%) who had a CT brain scan as their only neuroimaging. Secondary outcomes differed in 50 patients (21.5%). Neuroradiologists recommended further neuroimaging for 29 patients (12.4%). The most common discrepancies in the primary diagnosis/abnormality were misinterpreting normal for hippocampal sclerosis and missed posterior fossa lesions. There was no evidence of temporal changes in discrepancy rates. Conclusions: Selecting CT and MR neuroimaging studies from general hospitals for reviewing by neuroradiologists is an important and effective way of optimising management of neurological patients.
Tax Competition and the Determination of the Quality of Public Goods
Authors: Abdessalam A.H. Ould , Kamwa Eric 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the author analyzes the behavior of local governments in capital taxation when the financial choices in terms of the quality of public goods are made done by a central planner. More specifically, he asks the question of whether a local government has an interest in taxing the mobile factor in addition to the tax on representative households. Through a comparison of social welfare given the strategies chosen by local governments, the author shows that whatever the quality and cost of public goods, a local government always has an interest in taxing the mobile factor. This leads to a Nash equilibrium in the dominant strategy in their model.
Ressorts et ressources d’une sociologie de l’expérience urbaine1
Authors: Devisme Laurent 
Published: March 2014

La connaissance de l’expérience urbaine, si elle relève principalement d’une microsociologie, comporte des intérêts qui vont bien au-delà, interrogeant notamment la tonalité des espaces publics, les performances des équipements et des dispositifs urbains. Ce texte vise en quelque sorte son exhumation alors que d’une part le contexte académique a eu tendance à segmenter les savoirs urbains et que d’autre part la métropolisation contemporaine a mis à mal la figure (souvent fantasmée) de la ville centrée, délimitée, dense et diverse, expressive.
La première partie du texte revient sur les caractéristiques de la sociologie de l’expérience urbaine ; la deuxième montre l’enjeu de comprendre les équipements qui soutiennent cette expérience à partir des cas du banc public et du belvédère ; la troisième interroge les ressources dont nous pouvons disposer pour comprendre le contexte contemporain de la ville décentrée, sans reprendre les visions homogènes et dépréciatives que les spécialistes tendent souvent à construire à son égard ; enfin, c’est la question du regard sociologique qui est posée et de certaines méthodes que nous pouvons activer pour ne pas délaisser une fonction d’interpellation de la recherche urbaine à l’égard des pratiques de l’aménagement, du design jusqu’au paysage. Si l’enjeu du texte est d’abord théorique, il n’est donc pas sans poser des questions au champ de la production et de la transformation intentionnelles des espaces construits.
Ancrage et mobilité de familles d'origine africaine : regards croisés de deux générations
Authors: Aouici Sabrina , Gallou Rémi 
Published: March 2014

L'article propose d’étudier l’évolution des relations au sein de familles d'origine subsaharienne vivant en France, à partir de l'interrogation de deux générations adultes (parents et enfants jeunes adultes). La double référence des pays d'attache en matière de pratiques, de valeurs, de normes ou de principes éducatifs est permanente. Enfants et parents apportent leurs regards croisés sur le parcours, l'histoire et le destin de chacun. La construction d’identités individuelles marquées par des références multiples diffère selon la génération d’appartenance. Les parents migrants restent attachés à leur identité africaine (ethnique, nationale, panafricaine, voire transnationale) tout en reconnaissant que leur identité a intégré une « part » française. Les jeunes en revanche déclarent se sentir citoyens français et souhaiteraient être reconnus comme tels. Les deux générations affirment se sentir à l’aise en France. Si les jeunes expriment un intérêt pour l’Afrique, preuve de leur attachement pour les terres d’origine, ils ne sont pas pour autant tentés d’y vivre. Quant aux parents, ils hésitent sur le lieu de leur « dernière demeure », entre reposer dans la terre des ancêtres ou être inhumés en France pour rester proches de la lignée qu’ils y ont fondée. La réflexion s’appuie sur une soixantaine d’entretiens réalisés auprès de parents migrants (socialisés en Afrique) et de leurs enfants (nés ou arrivés jeunes en France).
Block rotation: Tectonic response of the Sichuan basin to the southeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau along the Xianshuihe‐Xiaojiang fault
Authors: Wang Erchie , Meng Kai , Su Zhe , Meng Qingren , Chu Jean J. , Chen Zhiliang , Wang Gang , Shi Xuhua. , Liang Xinquan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGPS field and seismic data show that the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is tectonically and seismically active. This activity is due to the southeastward extrusion of the Chuandian fragment, a large crustal block rotating clockwise around the northeastern syntaxis of the Himalayas. The eastern boundary fault of this fragment is defined by the left‐lateral Xianshuihe‐Xiaojiang fault, which abruptly truncates the Sichuan basin of the Yangtze block. Our paper presents evidence indicating that the Sichuan basin experienced right‐lateral shear along its margin, including the Longmen Shan fault belt, as shown by the presence of a large number of interference deformation features, including S‐shaped and Z‐shaped folds and faults, aligned in an en echelon pattern. This study hypothesizes that the Sichuan basin experienced counterclockwise rotation, dragged by the left‐lateral movement along the Xianshuihe fault, and it is this rotation that was the underlying cause of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Ms 7.9 earthquake. During the rotation, the Sichuan basin decoupled along a subhorizontal decollement fault zone that developed along Triassic gypsum‐ and coal‐bearing rocks, at a mean depth of ~5000 m, below which the Paleozoic rocks experienced much more intense deformation than the overlying Mesozoic rocks, suggesting that the lower part of the basin experienced a larger‐scale rotation relative to the uppermost part of the basin. Based on thermal data from the western margin of the Sichuan basin and from along the Xianshuihe fault, the counterclockwise bending/rotation of the Sichuan basin initiated in late Cenozoic time (~13 Ma).