bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between continuity of care and inappropriate prescribing in outpatient care in Germany: a cross-sectional analysis conducted as part of the LoChro trial
Authors: Pfefferle Aline , Binder Nadine , Sauer Julia , Sofroniou Mario , Metzner Gloria , Farin Erik , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Maun Andy , Salm Claudia 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesPotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) are common in multimorbid patients. This study aims to describe PIMs and PPOs in an open-access outpatient setting and to investigate any association between continuity of care (CoC) and PIMs and PPOs in multimorbid older patients.DesignCross-sectional study using patient-confirmed outpatient medication plans to describe PIMs and PPOs using the ‘Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescription/Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment’ version 2. Four Poisson regressions modelled the number of PIMs and PPOs using context-adapted versions of the Usual Provider of Care (UPC) and the Modified Modified Continuity Index (MMCI) as measures for CoC.SettingSouthern Germany, outpatient setting.Participants321 participants of the LoChro-trial at 12-month follow-up (both arms). The LoChro-trial compared healthcare involving an additional care manager with usual care. Inclusion criteria were age over 64, local residence and scoring over one in the Identification of Older patients at Risk Screening Tool.Primary outcomesNumbers of PIMs and PPOs.ResultsThe mean number of PIMs was 1.5 (SD 1.5), lower than the average number of PPOs at 2.9 (SD 1.7). CoC showed similar results for both indices with a mean of 0.548 (SD 0.279) for MMCI and 0.514 (SD 0.262) for UPC. Both models predicting PPOs indicated more PPOs with higher CoC; statistical significance was only demonstrated for MMCI (MMCI~PPO: Exp(B)=1.42, 95% CI (1.11; 1.81), p=0.004; UPC~PPO: Exp(B)=1.29, 95% CI (0.99; 1.67), p=0.056). No significant association between PIMs and CoC was found (MMCI~PIM: Exp(B)=0.72, 95% CI (0.50; 1.03), p=0.072; UPC~PIM: Exp(B)=0.83, 95% CI (0.57; 1.21), p=0.337).ConclusionThe results did not show a significant association between higher CoC and lesser PIMs. Remarkably, an association between increased CoC, represented through MMCI, and more PPOs was found. Consultation of different care providers in open-access healthcare systems could possibly ameliorate under-prescribing in multimorbid older patients.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00013904
Establishment of a multisite umbrella cohort study protocol to describe the epidemiology and aetiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Latin America
Authors: Cabada Miguel Mauricio , Aguilar Patricia Veronica , Rodas Juan David , Hidalgo Marylin , Mozo Karen , Gonzalez-Diaz Eugenia Smirna , Jimenez-Coello Matilde , Diaz Francisco Javier , Dacso Mathew M , Ortega-Pacheco Antonio , Arboleda Margarita , Walker David H , Weaver Scott C , Melby Peter C 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAcute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (AUFIs) impose a large burden in the tropics. Understanding of AUFI’s epidemiology is limited. Insufficient diagnostic capacity hinders the detection of outbreaks. The lack of interconnection in healthcare systems hinders timely response. We describe a protocol to study the epidemiology and aetiologies of AUFI and pathogen discovery in strategic areas of Latin America (LA).Methods and analysisGlobal Infectious Diseases Network investigators comprising institutions in Colombia, Dominican Republic, México, Perú and the USA, developed a common cohort study protocol. The primary objective is to determine the aetiologies of AUFI at healthcare facilities in high-risk areas. Data collection and laboratory testing for viral, bacterial and parasitic agents are performed in rural and urban healthcare facilities and partner laboratories. Centralised laboratory and data management cores deploy diagnostic tests and data management tools. Subjects >6 years with fever for <8 days without localised infection are included in the cohort. They are evaluated during the acute and convalescent phases of illness. Study personnel collect clinical and epidemiological information. Blood, urine, nasal or pharyngeal swabs and saliva are collected in the acute phase and blood in convalescent phase. Specimens are banked at −80°C. Malaria, dengue and COVID-19 are tested onsite in the acute phase. The acute-phase serum is PCR tested for dengue, chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, Oropouche, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Paired convalescent and acute serum antibody titters are tested for arbovirus,Leptospiraspp, andRickettsiaspp. Serum is used for viral cultures and next-generation sequencing for pathogen discovery. Analysis includes variable distributions, risk factors and regression models. Laboratory results are shared with health authorities and network members.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by local ethics committees and health authorities. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. All study results are shared with local and regional health authorities.
Characteristics of quality improvement interventions to improve physical healthcare in mental health settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hu Di , Stewart Victoria , Wheeler Amanda J , Lau Geoffrey , Chapman Justin 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMental health concerns globally impact millions of people, resulting in significant financial impact and adverse health outcomes. People living with mental health concerns are at higher risk of developing physical health issues, which can lead to a shortened life expectancy. Barriers to physical healthcare, such as limited service capacity, low help seeking and stigma, contribute to health disadvantage. Quality improvement (QI) interventions can address these challenges by addressing staff-level and service-level factors to improve the focus on physical healthcare in mental health settings. The aim of this scoping review is to describe studies of QI interventions to improve physical healthcare in mental health settings.Methods and analysisThe proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with guidance for scoping reviews from the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A systematic review search for peer-reviewed and published articles will be conducted across eight databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Central, PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus and Embase (Elsevier). Two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full text using Covidence. Any disagreement will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. Data collection will be facilitated using Microsoft Excel. The details of included studies will be extracted by two authors independently.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for the scoping review. The results of this review will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. This review will also inform the development of a QI strategy to influence mental health staff practices in the provision of physical healthcare in Australian mental health settings.
Association between diabetes mellitus and total hip arthroplasty outcomes: an observational study using the US National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Chandrupatla Sumanth , Rumalla Kranti , Singh Jasvinder A 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the association of diabetes with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).DesignRetrospective cohort study using data from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS).SettingStudy cohort was hospitalisations for primary THA in the USA, identified from the 2016–2020 NIS.ParticipantsWe identified 2 467 215 adults in the 2016–2020 NIS who underwent primary THA using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes. Primary THA hospitlizations were analysed as the overall group and also stratified by the underlying primary diagnosis for THA.Outcome measuresOutcome measures of interest were the length of hospital stay>the median, total hospital charges>the median, inpatient mortality, non-routine discharge, need for blood transfusion, prosthetic fracture, prosthetic dislocation and postprocedural infection, including periprosthetic joint infection, deep surgical site infection and postprocedural sepsis.ResultsAmong 2 467 215 patients who underwent primary THA, the mean age was 68.7 years, 58.3% were female, 85.7% were white, 61.7% had Medicare payer and 20.4% had a Deyo-Charlson index (adjusted to exclude diabetes mellitus) of 2 or higher. 416 850 (17%) patients had diabetes. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression in the overall cohort, diabetes was associated with higher odds of a longer hospital stay (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.38; 95% CI 1.35 to 1.41), higher total charges (aOR 1.11; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.13), non-routine discharge (aOR 1.18; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.20), the need for blood transfusion (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.23), postprocedural infection (aOR 1.62; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.40) and periprosthetic joint infection (aOR 1.91; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.24). We noted a lack of some associations in the avascular necrosis and inflammatory arthritis cohorts (p>0.05).ConclusionDiabetes was associated with increased healthcare utilisation, blood transfusion and postprocedural infection risk following primary THA. Optimisation of diabetes with preoperative medical management and/or institution of specific postoperative pathways may improve these outcomes. Larger studies are needed in avascular necrosis and inflammatory arthritis cohorts undergoing primary THA.
Protocol for a telephonic mixed methods study to understand needs and find solutions for bereaved dementia caregivers
Authors: Baker Zachary G , O’Donnell Mary Gemma , Garcia-Arias Sabrina , Huang Yingyan , Segundo Joahana , Millenbah Ashley N , Neubert Olivia M , Huerta Isabel 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMost caregivers of people living with dementia will experience bereavement within 10 years, but study of and support for their needs rarely persists following the death of their care recipients. A single model that leverages theoretical insights as well as observation from lived experience might help identify who will have greater difficulty following dementia-related bereavement and suggest core mechanisms to target to relieve clinical and subclinical consequences. The millions of existing bereaved dementia caregivers likely have considerable insight into ways to improve experience. Rather than creating interventions from scratch, researchers might leverage those insights to more rapidly improve the lives of bereaved dementia caregivers.Methods and analysisThis study uses a transformative mixed methods approach to explore the needs of caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and AD-related dementias, incorporating both quantitative surveys (n=400) and qualitative semistructured interviews (n=45) across diverse subgroups. The study described in this protocol aims to quantitatively test a new model based on self-determination theory to help understand when and why bereaved dementia caregivers experience better and worse outcomes following bereavement. The study also aims to qualitatively explore the ways that bereaved dementia caregivers might meet their needs to inform future interventions.Ethics and disseminationThe study adheres to institutional guidelines, ensuring participant consent and minimising risks through verbal consent procedures and the removal of personal identifiers from survey responses. The study team will share findings widely through academic publications, conferences and targeted outreach to advocacy groups and healthcare professionals, while also providing concise summaries of results to participants and making them accessible through the lab’s website.
Google star ratings of Canadian hospitals: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Tse Matthew P , Dhalla Irfan , Nayyar Dhruv 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundData on patients’ self-reported hospital experience can help guide quality improvement. Traditional patient survey programmes are resource intensive, and results are not always publicly accessible. Unsolicited online hospital reviews are an alternative data source; however, the nature of online reviews for Canadian hospitals is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of Canadian acute care hospitals with more than 10 Google Reviews during the 2018–2019 fiscal year. We characterised the volume and distribution of Google Reviews of Canadian hospitals, and assessed their correlation with hospital characteristics (teaching status, size, occupancy rate, length of stay, resource utilisation) and Canadian Patient Experience Survey on Inpatient Care (CPES-IC) scores.Results167 out of 523 (31.9%) acute care hospitals in Canada met the inclusion criteria. Among included hospitals, there was a total of 10 395 Google Reviews and a median of 35 reviews per hospital. The mean Google Star Rating for included hospitals was 2.85 out of 5, with a range of 1.36–4.57. Teaching hospitals had significantly higher mean Google Star Ratings compared with non-teaching hospitals (3.16 vs 2.81, p <0.01). There was a weak, positive correlation between hospitals’ Google Star Ratings and CPES-IC ‘Overall Hospital Experience’ scores (p =0.04), but no significant correlation between Google Star Ratings and other hospital characteristics or subcategories of CPES-IC scores.InterpretationThere is significant interhospital variation in patients’ self-reported care experiences at Canadian acute care hospitals. Online reviews can serve as a readily accessible source of real-time data for hospitals to monitor and improve the patient experience.
Impact of an enhanced sobriety checkpoints programme and publicity campaign on motor vehicle collisions, injuries and deaths in Leon, MX: a synthetic control study
Authors: Quistberg D. Alex , Perez-Ferrer Carolina , Bilal Usama , Rodriguez Hernandez Jordan Levi , Ramírez-Toscano Yenisei , Cardenas Cardenas Luz Mery , Junquera-Badilla Isabel , Yamada Goro , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh , Diez Roux Ana V 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveDrunk driving is a major cause of road traffic injuries and deaths in Latin America. We evaluated the impact of a drunk driving intervention in Leon, Mexico on road traffic safety.MethodsThe intervention included increased drunk driving penalties, enhanced sobriety checkpoints and a young adult-focused mass media campaign, beginning 19 December 2018. We created a synthetic control Leon from 12 Mexican municipalities from a pool of 87 based on similarity to Leon using key predictors from 2015 to 2019. We assessed the effect of the intervention on road traffic collisions overall and collisions with injuries, deaths and involving alcohol, using data from police, insurance claims and vital registration.ResultsAs compared with the synthetic control, Leon experienced significant postintervention lower police-reported total collision rate (17%) and injury collisions (33%). Alcohol-involved collisions were 38% lower than the synthetic control. Fatal collisions reported by police were 28% lower while vital registration road traffic deaths were 12% lower, though these declines were not statistically significant. We found no impact on insurance collision claims. There was heterogeneity in these changes over the evaluation year, with stronger initial effects and weaker effects by the end of the year.ConclusionsDrunk driving policies in Leon led to fewer traffic collisions and injuries during the first year of implementation, with a weakening of this effect over time, similar to interventions in high-income settings and other Latin American countries. Supporting the expansion of similar policies to other cities in the region could improve road safety.
Machine learning classification of functional neurological disorder using structural brain MRI features
Authors: Westlin Christiana , Guthrie Andrew J , Paredes-Echeverri Sara , Maggio Julie , Finkelstein Sara , Godena Ellen , Millstein Daniel , MacLean Julie , Ranford Jessica , Freeburn Jennifer , Adams Caitlin , Stephen Christopher , Diez Ibai , Perez David L 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundBrain imaging studies investigating grey matter in functional neurological disorder (FND) have used univariate approaches to report group-level differences compared with healthy controls (HCs). However, these findings have limited translatability because they do not differentiate patients from controls at the individual-level.Methods183 participants were prospectively recruited across three groups: 61 patients with mixed FND (FND-mixed), 61 age-matched and sex-matched HCs and 61 age, sex, depression and anxiety-matched psychiatric controls (PCs). Radial basis function support vector machine classifiers with cross-validation were used to distinguish individuals with FND from HCs and PCs using 134FreeSurfer-derived grey matter MRI features.ResultsPatients with FND-mixed were differentiated from HCs with an accuracy of 0.66 (p=0.005; area under the receiving operating characteristic (AUROC)=0.74); this sample was also distinguished from PCs with an accuracy of 0.60 (p=0.038; AUROC=0.56). When focusing on the functional motor disorder subtype (FND-motor, n=46), a classifier robustly differentiated these patients from HCs (accuracy=0.72; p=0.002; AUROC=0.80). FND-motor could not be distinguished from PCs, and the functional seizures subtype (n=23) could not be classified against either control group. Important regions contributing to statistically significant multivariate classifications included the cingulate gyrus, hippocampal subfields and amygdalar nuclei. Correctly versus incorrectly classified participants did not differ across a range of tested psychometric variables.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the interconnection of brain structure and function in the pathophysiology of FND and demonstrate the feasibility of using structural MRI to classify the disorder. Out-of-sample replication and larger-scale classifier efforts incorporating psychiatric and neurological controls are needed.
Tensions in $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^-(\gamma )$$ measurements: the new landscape of data-driven hadronic vacuum polarization predictions for the muon $$g - 2$$
Authors: Davier Michel , Hoecker Andreas , Lutz Anne-Marie , Malaescu Bogdan , Zhang Zhiqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe situation of the experimental data used in the dispersive evaluation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is assessed in view of two recent measurements: $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^-$$

e
+

e
-

→

π
+

π
-

cross sections in the $$\rho $$
ρ
resonance region by CMD-3 and a study of higher-order radiative effects in the initial-state-radiation processes $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-\gamma $$

e
+

e
-

→

μ
+

μ
-

γ

and $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^-\gamma $$

e
+

e
-

→

π
+

π
-

γ

by BABAR. The impact of the latter study on the KLOE and BESIII cross-section measurements is evaluated and found to be indicative of larger systematic effects than uncertainties assigned. The new situation also warrants a reappraisal of the independent information provided by hadronic $$\tau $$
τ
decays, including state-of-the-art isospin-breaking corrections. The findings cast a new light on the longstanding deviation between the muon g – 2 measurement and the Standard Model prediction using the data-driven dispersive approach, and the comparison with lattice QCD calculations.
Bayesian inference with Gaussian processes for the determination of parton distribution functions
Authors: Candido Alessandro , Debbio Luigi Del , Giani Tommaso , Petrillo Giacomo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe discuss a Bayesian methodology for the solution of the inverse problem underlying the determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs). In our approach, Gaussian processes (GPs) are used to model the PDF prior, while Bayes’ theorem is used in order to determine the posterior distribution of the PDFs given a set of data. We discuss the general formalism, the Bayesian inference at the level of both parameters and hyperparameters, and the simplifications which occur when the observable entering the analysis is linear in the PDF. We benchmark the new methodology in two simple examples for the determination of a single PDF flavor from a set of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data and from a set of equal-time correlators computed using lattice QCD. We discuss our results, showing how the proposed methodology allows for a well-defined statistical interpretation of the different sources of errors entering the PDF uncertainty, and how results can be validated a posteriori.
Investigation of Optical and Electric Properties of Post-Annealed Graphene: In2O3:ZnO Thin Film
Authors: Akırtın Ahmet , Korkmaz Şadan , Pat Suat 
Published: July 2024

An investigation of the optical and electric properties of post-annealed In2O3:ZnO:Graphene thin films deposited by a thermionic vacuum arc deposition technology was performed. The post-annealed effects were defined by an investigation of the sample’s optical and electric properties. The lowest band gap value of 3.22 eV for the deposited thin film was obtained. Deposited thin films were transparent. The sample AA2 can be used as a transparent conductive oxide material with a resistance of 95 Ω cm−1. Sample AA2 was annealed at 400 °C for 30 min, and sample AA1 was annealed at 150 °C for 15 min. The graphene peaks for the samples were detected using a Fourier transform infrared spectra. The indium and zinc atomic ratios of the sample were approximately 2% and 10%, respectively. As a result, the deposited sample AA2 is a good candidate for use as transparent conductive oxide. Deposited films have high transparency and relatively low resistance. Finally, graphene is a good doping material for semiconductors.
Impedance Spectroscopy and Electrical Properties of Novel Structure of Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al
Authors: Ashery A. , Gad S. A. 
Published: July 2024

Au/AlCu/SiO2/p-Si/Al is a novel assembly synthesized by the technology of liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). Using impedance spectroscopy the electric and dielectric properties of these structures have been characterized as a function of voltage, frequency, and temperature. All real parts of the impedance curve at different temperatures, voltages, and frequencies formed small peaks at higher frequencies. At low and mid frequencies, the real part of impedance Z′ is independent of frequencies. For all curves of Z″, the imaginary parts of the impedance at dissimilar voltages, frequencies, and temperatures have positive values at low frequencies. At lnf = 5 the Z″ have negative values and create peaks. The growth of Z″ value was consistent with decline temperatures, at high frequencies, the Z″ formed peaks with positive and negative values. The Col-Col diagram, at different temperatures and voltages, was investigated. The conventional Cheung and Nord methods were applied to study the electric factors such as series resistance Rs, barrier height and ideality factor n.