bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of exercise intervention programs on cognition in people suffering from multiple sclerosis, stroke and Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence
Authors: Kalron Alon , Zeilig Gabi 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a well-established sequela of people suffering from neurological pathologies. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of exercise intervention programs on cognitive performance in participants suffering from stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: Four online databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PEDro) were comprehensively searched from their inception through December 2014. The search query was phrased as follows: In people suffering from MS, stroke or Parkinson’s disease, do exercise intervention programs improve cognitive performance? RESULTS: Twelve controlled clinical trials met our inclusion criteria. Studies were classified according to three clinical subgroups: Parkinson’s disease ( n = 3), stroke ( n = 1) and multiple sclerosis ( n = 8). Eight studies employed an aerobic intervention program; one used an active exercise program based on virtual reality systems, three reports examined the effect of yoga and one compared the intervention program with sport climbing. Significant improvements in cognition were found in nine out of the twelve studies. Nevertheless, the total effect size was non-significant (0.18 (95% CI, – 4.1, 3.8)) for changes in executive functions. CONCLUSION: Due to lack of commonality between measures of cognition, training sequences and intervention period, it remains unclear as to whether exercise training can be effective in improving the cognitive functions of neurological patients.
Phytochemical investigation GC-MS analysis and <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial activity of <i>Coleus forskohlii</i>
Authors: Rajkumar Krishnamoorthy , Malathi Ramaswamy 
Published: November 2015

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and antimicrobial activity of <em>Coleus forskohlii</em>. The different solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, acetone and aqueous extracts were identified pharmacologically as important bioactive compounds and their antimicrobial properties were studied. In the phytochemical investigation almost all the ethanol extract of leaf, stem and root having secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids. The active constituents of the ethanol extract of <em>C. forskohlii</em> root was studied by GC-MS analysis. According to the antimicrobial results ethanol extract of <em>C. froshkolii</em> root showed highest antibacterial activity compared with stem and leaf. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against <em>Klebsiella pneumonia</em> (19 mm) and <em>Candida albicans </em>(16 mm) in ethanol extract of root. Among the above extracts of leaf, stem and root, ethanol extract of root having antimicrobial activities due to the presence of phytoconstituents.</p><p class="FigureLegend"> </p>
Resolving cryptic species of Bossiella (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) using contemporary and historical DNA
Authors: Hind Katharine R. , Miller Kathy Ann , Young Madeline , Jensen Cassandra , Gabrielson Paul W. , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: November 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Phenotypic plasticity and convergent evolution have long complicated traditional morphological taxonomy. Fortunately, DNA sequences provide an additional basis for comparison, independent of morphology. Most importantly, by obtaining DNA sequences from historical type specimens, we are now able to unequivocally match species names to genetic groups, often with surprising results.Methods:We used an integrative taxonomic approach to identify and describe Northeast Pacific pinnately branched species in the red algal coralline genus Bossiella, for which traditional taxonomy recognized only one species, the generitype, Bossiella plumosa. We analyzed DNA sequences from historical type specimens and modern topotype specimens to assign species names and to identify genetic groups that were different and that required new names. Our molecular taxonomic assessment was followed by a detailed morphometric analysis of each species.KEY RESULTS:Our study of B. plumosa revealed seven pinnately branched Bossiella species. Three species, B. frondescens, B. frondifera, and B. plumosa, were assigned names based on sequences from type specimens. The remaining four species, B. hakaiensis, B. manzae, B. reptans, and B. montereyensis, were described as new to science. In most cases, there was significant overlap of morphological characteristics among species.CONCLUSIONS:This study underscores the pitfalls of relying upon morpho‐anatomy alone to distinguish species and highlights our likely underestimation of species worldwide. Our integrative taxonomic approach can serve as a model for resolving the taxonomy of other plant and algal genera.
« Garder la tête haute ! » La contestation de Stuttgart 21 et sa dimension politique et émancipatrice
Authors: Ohme-Reinicke Annette , Neef Rainer , Blanc Maurice 
Published: November 2015

Le mouvement de protestation contre le projet « Stuttgart 21 » (une gare souterraine et des logements de luxe à Stuttgart) fait exception dans l’histoire allemande des protestations, d’abord en raison de sa longue durée. Cet article dévoile comment un grand projet technologique est devenu une provocation pour la société civile de la ville. Il esquisse une généalogie des protestations et il montre comment leur développement a entrainé des processus d’apprentissage. La politisation de la sphère publique urbaine s’explique par une sorte de « réveil » (Walter Benjamin) et la revendication du « Droit à la Ville » s’articule à la demande d’une vie quotidienne meilleure, échappant à la logique capitaliste de l’exploitation.
Introduction. La démocratie participative a-t-elle un sexe ?
Authors: Paoletti Marion , Rui Sandrine 
Published: November 2015

Penser la participation au prisme du genre suppose tout à la fois d’examiner les présupposés théoriques et pragmatiques associant femmes et participation et d’interroger la portée de leur présence effective dans les dispositifs participatifs et l’impact sur la démocratie participative de sa relative féminisation. La participation des femmes, devenue ordinaire et banale, n’est pourtant pas pleinement évidente, que ce soit dans des dispositifs participatifs mixtes ou non mixtes. Ce statut n’est pas sans produire une certaine minoration de leurs prises de parole, qui ne dépend pas seulement des rapports sociaux de sexe, mais aussi d’autres rapports de pouvoir. Les femmes sont toujours sommées de résoudre un dilemme entre spécificité supposée et universalisme, dilemme que les hommes ont le privilège de pouvoir ignorer. Les stratégies, conscientes ou non, déployées pour faire face à ce dilemme passent par des formes d’entre-soi, selon une double logique du regroupement et du retrait, avec notamment la constitution de « contre-publics subalternes féministes ». Si cette logique produit des clivages entre militantes et non-militantes, elle apparaît aussi comme une condition favorisant la participation paritaire.
Politiques de l’éthique : hégémonie médicale et pratiques de décodage des acteurs subalternes. Une observation ethnographique d’un dispositif participatif pilote de réflexion éthique
Authors: Smadja David 
Published: November 2015

En proposant une enquête sociologique et ethnographique consacrée à un dispositif de participation éthique, l’Espace éthique, cet article vise à apporter un éclairage sur une forme d’action publique participative en phase d’installation – qui relève à la fois de la mise en œuvre et de l’évaluation –, que l’on propose de désigner par l’expression « politiques de l’éthique ». Pensé par ses concepteurs puis par le législateur comme une structure institutionnelle visant à accueillir une discussion éthique déconnectée de l’horizon de la décision et inclusive (ouverte notamment aux profanes) et dont le propos consiste à réversibiliser les rapports asymétriques entre médecins et infirmières (ou aides-soignantes) et par extension entre hommes et femmes puis entre médecins et patients, l’Espace éthique apparaît dans un contexte complexe caractérisé à la fois par la remise en question de l’autorité exclusive du médecin et par le développement du néo-management public à l’hôpital. Dès lors, la question se pose de savoir ce qu’il en est de cette participation inclusive : relève-t-elle d’une ingénierie reproduisant l’hégémonie médicale traditionnelle, ou bien fait-elle apparaître une dynamique propre conduisant à un rééquilibrage des rapports de force ? À partir d’ingrédients de la pratique réunis par observation et analyse de comptes rendus, et en s’appuyant sur le couple conceptuel codage-décodage construit par Stuart Hall, l’article vise à montrer comment l’approche par l’espace des positions préétablies, d’ordinaire privilégiée pour penser le fonctionnement de l’hôpital, peut être complétée par une approche par l’espace des prises de position qui permet de mettre en évidence un décodage par les acteurs en position subalterne du codage médical dominant.
La participation des femmes au niveau supranational : une citoyenneté « genrée »
Authors: Giraud Isabelle 
Published: November 2015

Cet article montre la persistante marginalisation des femmes au niveau international malgré leur contribution, depuis plus de 40 ans, à la construction d’une citoyenneté supranationale. Que ce soit en termes d’accès aux institutions, de droits, d’appartenance et de partage des responsabilités, les femmes rencontrent des obstacles et des dispositifs spécifiques qui font de la citoyenneté supranationale une citoyenneté « genrée ». Celle-ci s’explique non seulement par l’héritage d’un dispositif d’expression des femmes à part et à l’extérieur des institutions, mais aussi par la persistance de rapports de pouvoir intersectionnels et de stéréotypes liés au genre, et par les répertoires discursifs qui président à la construction de la citoyenneté supranationale au niveau onusien.
Principe et Passion
Authors: Bernard-Amour Jeanne 
Published: November 2015

Stanislas Breton cherche à passer d’un monde où tout ce qui arrive n’est que chute (hasardeuse et malheureuse) à un monde mis en œuvre par et dans une métaphysique de la relation. Ce faisant, il ébauche une théorie de « l’actualisation de la Passion du Christ » selon trois aspects qui se présentent à lui telles des formes ouvertes. Entre le premier aspect qui correspond à ce qu’il appelle la « passion de l’altérité » (où la proximité avec un unique tourne à la passion du réel) et le deuxième aspect qui correspond à la « passion de l’Un » (où la distance d’avec ce même unique vire à la fiction pure et simple), Breton construit ce que nous appelons une logique de la « rencontre demandée ».
Christologie et Histoire. Eléments pour une historiographie de la christologie moderne et contemporaine
Authors: Holzer Vincent 
Published: November 2015

Avant que ne soit pleinement intégré à la science théologique le domaine de la « christologie », il fallut que le terme en question se déleste de son identification problématique à la science historique. Ce fait d’histoire auquel il convient de donner un contenu précis atteste que la théologie ne peut pas se concevoir indépendamment d’une histoire de la raison et de ses métamorphoses. Le domaine de la « christologie » exemplifie parfaitement cette donnée. A l’aube du xx e siècle, la christologie naît à la faveur de trois disputes : l’unité ou la dualité d’ esse (être) dans le Christ, la christologie de la conscience , et le débat sur le christocentrisme . Ce sont ces trois déterminations qu’analyse la présente étude.
Detection of Keratoconus in Clinically and Algorithmically Topographically Normal Fellow Eyes Using Epithelial Thickness Analysis
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Urs Raksha , Gobbe Marine , RoyChoudhury Arindam , Silverman Ronald H. 
Published: November 2015

PURPOSE:
To assess the effectiveness of a keratoconus-detection algorithm derived from Artemis very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound (ArcScan Inc., Morrison, CO) epithelial thickness maps in the fellow eye from a series of patients with unilateral keratoconus.

METHODS:
The study included 10 patients with moderate to advanced keratoconus in one eye but a clinically and algorithmically topographically normal fellow eye. VHF digital ultrasound epithelial thickness data were acquired and a previously developed classification model was applied for identification of keratoconus to the clinically normal fellow eyes. Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) Belin-Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display “D” score (BAD-D) data (5 of 10 eyes), and Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) SCORE data (9 of 10 eyes) were also evaluated.

RESULTS:
Five of the 10 fellow eyes were classified as keratoconic by the VHF digital ultrasound epithelium model. Five of 9 fellow eyes were classified as keratoconic by the SCORE model. For the 5 fellow eyes with Pentacam and VHF digital ultrasound data, one was classified as keratoconic by the VHF digital ultrasound model, one (different) eye by a combined VHF digital ultrasound and Pentacam model, and none by BAD-D alone.

CONCLUSIONS:
Under the assumption that keratoconus is a bilateral but asymmetric disease, half of the ‘normal’ fellow eyes could be found to have keratoconus using epithelial thickness maps. The Orbscan SCORE or the combination of topographic BAD-D criteria with epithelial maps did not perform better.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(11):736–744.]
Comparison of Forward Light Scatter Changes Between SMILE, Femtosecond Laser-assisted LASIK, and Epipolis LASIK: Results of a 1-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Xu Lulu , Wang Yan , Li Jing , Liu Yangchen , Wu Wenjing , Zhang Hui , Wu Yanan , Khan Gauhar Ali 
Published: November 2015

PURPOSE:
To investigate the characteristics of forward light scatter changes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and to compare these changes with those after femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (femto-LASIK) and epipolis LASIK (epi-LASIK).

METHODS:
A total of 303 eyes (SMILE group = 118 eyes, femto-LASIK group = 90 eyes, epi-LASIK group = 95) of 157 patients were included in this study. Forward straylight was measured preoperatively and 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively using a C-Quant straylight meter (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany).

RESULTS:

A significant increase in straylight was found in the femto-LASIK group only at 1 month after the procedure (
P
= .002), whereas significant increases were found in the epi-LASIK group at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after the procedure (
P
< .001). There were no significant increases in the straylight values after SMILE (
P
= .310) compared with the preoperative values, although the straylight values were slightly increased at 1 month. Significant differences in the postoperative–preoperative straylight value (Δlog[s]) changes were found between the SMILE, femto-LASIK, and epi-LASIK groups over the follow-up period (
P
< .001 for all). The correlations between the ablation depth/central corneal thickness ratios and the straylight values were statistically significant in the femto-LASIK and epi-LASIK groups, whereas no significant correlation between the lenticule thickness/central corneal thickness ratios and the stray-light values was found in the SMILE group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Forward straylight was slightly increased in the early stage after the femto-LASIK procedure and was significantly increased throughout the follow-up period after epi-LASIK surgery. The SMILE procedure appeared to have a smaller effect on forward light scatter within the 1-year follow-up period.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(11):752–758.]
Novel Placido-derived Topography-guided Excimer Corneal Normalization With Cyclorotation Adjustment: Enhanced Athens Protocol for Keratoconus
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John , Asimellis George 
Published: November 2015

PURPOSE:
To comparatively investigate the efficacy of the enhanced Athens Protocol procedure guided by novel Placido-derived topography with cyclorotation compensation (the cyclorotation adjusted group) to similar cases guided by Scheimpflug-derived tomography without cyclorotation compensation (the non-cyclorotation adjusted group).

METHODS:

Two groups were evaluated: the cyclorotation adjusted group (n = 110 eyes) and the non-cyclorotation adjusted group (n = 110 eyes). Analysis was based on digital processing of Scheimpflug imaging derived curvature difference maps preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The vector (r, ϑ) corresponding to the steepest corneal point (cone) on the preoperative surgical planning map (r
p
, ϑ
p
) and on the curvature difference map (r
d
, ϑ
d
) were computed. The differences between the peak topographic angular data (Δϑ = |ϑ
p
– ϑ
d
|) and weighted angular difference (WΔϑ = Δϑ × Δr) were calculated.

RESULTS:

For the cyclorotation adjusted group, Δϑ was 7.18° ± 7.53° (range: 0° to 34) and WΔϑ was 3.43 ± 4.76 mm (range: 0.00 to 21.41 mm). For the non-cyclorotation adjusted group, Δϑ was 14.50° ± 12.65° (range: 0° to 49°) and WΔϑ was 10.23 ± 15.15 mm (range: 0.00 to 80.56 mm). The cyclorotation adjusted group appeared superior to the non-cyclorotation adjusted group, in both the smaller average angular difference between attempted to achieved irregular curvature normalization and in weighted angular difference, by a statistically significant margin (Δϑ:
P
= .0058; WΔϑ:
P
= .015).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that employment of the novel Placido-derived topographic data of highly irregular corneas, such as in keratoconus, treated with topography-guided profile with cyclorotation compensation leads to markedly improved cornea normalization.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(11):768–773.]
Comparison of Astigmatism Correction using Either Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions or Toric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Muftuoglu Ilkay Kilic , Aydin Akova Yonca , Aksoy Sibel , Unsal Erkan 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To compare the efficacy and short-term stability of toric intraocular lenses (tIOL) and peripheral cornea relaxing incisions (PCRI) during phacoemulsification. Methods Patients with preexisting corneal astigmatism had cataract surgery either with tIOL (AcrySof Toric) (39 eyes of 35 patients) or standard intraocular lens (AcrySof) + PCRIs (38 eyes of 33 patients). Patients were retrospectively evaluated for manifest refraction, corneal topography, and uncorrected and corrected visual acuities preoperatively and at postoperative 1 and 6 months. The Alpins vectorial method was used to analyze the target induced astigmatism (TIA) and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), magnitude of error (the difference between the magnitude of SIA and TIA) (ME), and correction index. Results Mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 2.21 ± 1.32 D in the tIOL group and 2.24 ± 0.96 D in the PCRI group; the difference was not significant. The decrease in astigmatism was significant in both groups at last follow-up (64% tIOL group, 32% PCRI group, p<0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The mean remaining refractive astigmatism was significantly higher in the PCRI group than in the tIOL group at 1-month (1.42 ± 1.22, 0.89 ± 0.68, respectively) and 6-month follow-ups (1.75 ± 1.37 D, 0.92 ± 0.72, respectively) (p<0.01). The mean ME was significantly lower (−0.35 versus −0.88) with a higher correction index (0.96 versus 0.56) in the tIOL group at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusions Both tIOL implantation and using PCRI were effective methods to reduce preoperative astigmatism at the time of the cataract surgery. However, tIOLs provided better remaining astigmatism with a more stable refraction than PCRI.
The Status of Glaucoma Diagnostics and Care in Europe in 2015: A European Survey
Authors: Holló Gábor , Hommer Anton ,   Delivery of Glaucoma Care Committee of the European Glaucoma Society
Published: November 2015

Purpose To evaluate the current status of glaucoma diagnostics and care in Europe. Methods A questionnaire addressing glaucoma patient organizations, resident education, access to an ophthalmologist, use and reimbursement of techniques/instruments for glaucoma diagnostics and follow-up, prescription rules, and glaucoma drug reimbursement was sent to all national representatives of the European Glaucoma Society (EGS) in 2015. The country-specific responses were analyzed and summarized. Results Completed questionnaires were returned for 24 countries. In 2015, a glaucoma patient organization is functioning in 57% of the respondent countries. Waiting time for an ophthalmology resident position varies between ≤6 months and >2 years. The duration of ophthalmology resident training varies between 3 and 7 years. Nonemergency access to an ophthalmologist is available directly in 45.8% and via the general practitioner in 25% of the countries. Disc photography/imaging is always done during glaucoma diagnostics in 9.5% and for follow-up in 55.5% of the respondent countries. Initial therapy of glaucoma is medical in 100% (monotherapy in 91.3%) of the respondent countries. Clinical and visual field examination but not disc photography/imaging is reimbursed in 47.5% of the countries, while in another 47.5% all examinations are reimbursed. Dispensing of the prescribed original eyedrops by the pharmacists is mandatory in 43.5% of the countries, while the aut idem rule applies in 52.2%, and the aut simile rule in 4.3%. Conclusions Diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up of glaucoma remains diverse in Europe. The differences are due to financial/reimbursement differences. When reimbursement allows, the EGS Guidelines are followed.
Estimation of Depression Prevalence in Patients with Stargardt Disease using PHQ-9 and Zung Scores
Authors: Moschos Marilita M. , Nitoda Eirini , Lavaris Anastasios 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To evaluate the psychological impact and depression prevalence in patients with Stargardt disease. Methods We conducted a case-control study including 39 patients with Stargardt disease and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Zung Depression Inventory questionnaire. Results were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0 software. Results The patient group consisted of 19 men and 20 women with mean age of 36.9 ± 5.4 years and control group of 19 men and 13 women with mean age of 42.5 ± 10.1 years. The mean values of PHQ-9 and Zung scores for patients and healthy individuals were 10.9 ± 4.9, 46.7 ± 11.1, 6.7 ± 5.4, and 41.1 ± 8.5, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in PHQ-9 scores (independent samples t test: p = 0.001), but not in Zung scores (Mann-Whitney test: p = 0.053). The PHQ-9 and Zung scores appeared to be moderately but significantly correlated (Pearson coefficient 0.44, p<0.0001). In addition, PHQ-9 score seems to be raised along with age, whereas both scores are low when best-corrected visual acuity is high. Conclusions Patients with Stargardt disease exhibited more depressive symptoms compared to healthy individuals according mainly to PHQ-9 scores. Moderate depression was significantly correlated visual function decline.