bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter precision of cortical and trabecular bone quality measures assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Burghardt Andrew J , Pialat Jean-Baptiste , Kazakia Galateia J , Boutroy Stephanie , Engelke Klaus , Patsch Janina M , Valentinitsch Alexander , Liu Danmei , Szabo Eva , Bogado Cesar E , Zanchetta Maria Belen , McKay Heather A , Shane Elizabeth , Boyd Steven K , Bouxsein Mary L , Chapurlat Roland , Khosla Sundeep , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) has recently been introduced as a clinical research tool for in vivo assessment of bone quality. The utility of this technology to address important skeletal health questions requires translation to standardized multicenter data pools. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility of pooling data in multicenter HR-pQCT imaging trials. Reproducibility imaging experiments were performed using structure and composition-realistic phantoms constructed from cadaveric radii. Single-center precision was determined by repeat scanning over short-term (&lt;72 hours), intermediate-term (3–5 months), and long-term intervals (28 months). Multicenter precision was determined by imaging the phantoms at nine different HR-pQCT centers. Least significant change (LSC) and root mean squared coefficient of variation (RMSCV) for each interval and across centers was calculated for bone density, geometry, microstructure, and biomechanical parameters. Single-center short-term RMSCVs were &lt;1% for all parameters except cortical thickness (Ct.Th) (1.1%), spatial variability in cortical thickness (Ct.Th.SD) (2.6%), standard deviation of trabecular separation (Tb.Sp.SD) (1.8%), and porosity measures (6% to 8%). Intermediate-term RMSCVs were generally not statistically different from short-term values. Long-term variability was significantly greater for all density measures (0.7% to 2.0%; p &lt; 0.05 versus short-term) and several structure measures: cortical thickness (Ct.Th) (3.4%; p &lt; 0.01 versus short-term), cortical porosity (Ct.Po) (15.4%; p &lt; 0.01 versus short-term), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (2.2%; p &lt; 0.01 versus short-term). Multicenter RMSCVs were also significantly higher than short-term values: 2% to 4% for density and micro–finite element analysis (µFE) measures (p &lt; 0.0001), 2.6% to 5.3% for morphometric measures (p &lt; 0.001), whereas Ct.Po was 16.2% (p &lt; 0.001). In the absence of subject motion, multicenter precision errors for HR-pQCT parameters were generally less than 5%. Phantom-based multicenter precision was comparable to previously reported in in vivo single-center precision errors, although this was approximately two to five times worse than ex vivo short-term precision. The data generated from this study will contribute to the future design and validation of standardized procedures that are broadly translatable to multicenter study designs. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide studies identifies WNT16 and ESR1 SNPs associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women
Authors: Koller Daniel L , Zheng Hou-Feng , Karasik David , Yerges-Armstrong Laura , Liu Ching-Ti , McGuigan Fiona , Kemp John P , Giroux Sylvie , Lai Dongbing , Edenberg Howard J , Peacock Munro , Czerwinski Stefan A , Choh Audrey C , McMahon George , St Pourcain Beate , Timpson Nicholas J , Lawlor Debbie A , Evans David M , Towne Bradford , Blangero John , Carless Melanie A , Kammerer Candace , Goltzman David , Kovacs Christopher S , Prior Jerilynn C , Spector Tim D , Rousseau Francois , Tobias Jon H , Akesson Kristina , Econs Michael J , Mitchell Braxton D , Richards J Brent , Kiel Douglas P , Foroud Tatiana 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants in genes associated with variation in bone mineral density (BMD), although most have been carried out in combined samples of older women and men. Meta-analyses of these results have identified numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of modest effect at genome-wide significance levels in genes involved in both bone formation and resorption, as well as other pathways. We performed a meta-analysis restricted to premenopausal white women from four cohorts (n = 4061 women, aged 20 to 45 years) to identify genes influencing peak bone mass at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. After imputation, age- and weight-adjusted bone-mineral density (BMD) values were tested for association with each SNP. Association of an SNP in the WNT16 gene (rs3801387; p = 1.7 × 10−9) and multiple SNPs in the ESR1/C6orf97 region (rs4870044; p = 1.3 × 10−8) achieved genome-wide significance levels for lumbar spine BMD. These SNPs, along with others demonstrating suggestive evidence of association, were then tested for association in seven replication cohorts that included premenopausal women of European, Hispanic-American, and African-American descent (combined n = 5597 for femoral neck; n = 4744 for lumbar spine). When the data from the discovery and replication cohorts were analyzed jointly, the evidence was more significant (WNT16 joint p = 1.3 × 10−11; ESR1/C6orf97 joint p = 1.4 × 10−10). Multiple independent association signals were observed with spine BMD at the ESR1 region after conditioning on the primary signal. Analyses of femoral neck BMD also supported association with SNPs in WNT16 and ESR1/C6orf97 (p &lt; 1 × 10−5). Our results confirm that several of the genes contributing to BMD variation across a broad age range in both sexes have effects of similar magnitude on BMD of the spine in premenopausal women. These data support the hypothesis that variants in these genes of known skeletal function also affect BMD during the premenopausal period. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Microwave photocatalysis IV: Effects of additional operational parameters on the microwave photocatalytic degradation of mono‐chloroacetic acid using titania‐coated mercury electrodeless discharge lamps
Authors: Kmentová Hana , Církva Vladimír 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMercury electrodeless discharge lamps (Hg‐EDLs) coated with titania in the form of thin films were used to generate UV/Vis radiation when placed in a microwave field. Effects of additional operational parameters (i.e. initial MCAA concentration, reaction temperature, and the presence of inorganic anions) on the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous mono‐chloroacetic acid (MCAA) in a microwave field are discussed.ResultsStudies were carried out in atmospheric or low‐pressure batch type microwave photocatalytic reactors. The photocatalytic process was monitored by the change in concentration of Cl− in the solution. Coupled UV/MW irradiation led to effective photodegradation at higher MCAA concentration at an optimum value of 0.15 mol L−1. Photocatalytic reaction of MCAA was favoured at higher temperature mainly owing to thermal dependence of the Hg‐EDL light intensity on the 366 nm line. Inhibition of MCAA photodegradation was observed in the presence of CO32− and SO42− anions, whereas the effect of NO3− was negligible.ConclusionsIt was found that additional operational parameters had important effects on photocatalytic efficiency in a microwave field. The MCAA photodegradation process with titania‐coated Hg‐EDLs can be enhanced in the TiO2/UV/MW system. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of a nonlinear Hertzian‐based model reveals prostate cancer cells respond differently to force than normal prostate cells
Authors: Murphy M.F. , Lilley F. , Lalor M.J. , Crosby S.R. , Madden G. , Johnston G. , Burton D.R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUnderstanding how the mechanical properties of cells alter with disease may help with the development of novel diagnostics and treatment regimes. The emergence of tools such as the atomic force microscope (AFM) has enabled us to physically measure the mechanical properties of cells. However, suitable models for the analysis of real experimental data are either absent, or fail to provide a simple analysis tool in which experimental data can be analyzed quickly and reliably. The Hertz model has been widely used to study AFM data on living cells, however it makes assumptions that are untrue for cells, namely that cells behave as linear elastic bodies. This article presents and evaluates an alternative nonlinear Hertz model, which allows the Young's modulus to vary according to a second order polynomial function of indentation depth. Evaluation of the model revealed that prostate cancer cells (PC3) responded more uniformly to force compared to the normal PNT2 cells. Also, more energy (J) was needed to deform the normal prostate cells compared to the prostate cancer cells. Finally, the model described here suggests that overall the normal prostate cells behave in a more linear fashion to applied force compared to the prostate cancer cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light regulates the expression of the BDNF/TrkB system in the adult Zebrafish retina
Authors: Sánchez‐Ramos C. , Bonnin‐Arias C. , Guerrera M.C. , Calavia M.G. , Chamorro E. , Montalbano G. , López‐Velasco S. , López‐Muñiz A. , Germanà A. , Vega J.A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe retina of the adult zebrafish express brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its signaling receptor TrkB. This functional system is involved in the biology of the vertebrate retina and its expression is regulated by light. This study was designed to investigate the effects of cyclic (12 h light/12 h darkness) or continuous (24 h) exposure during 10 days to white light, white‐blue light, and blue light, as well as of darkness, on the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the retina. BDNF and TrkB were assessed in the retina of adult zebrafish using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Exposure to white, white‐blue, and blue light causes a decrease of BDNF mRNA and of BDNF immunostaining, independently of the pattern of light exposition. Conversely, in the same experimental conditions, the expression of TrkB mRNA was upregulated and TrkB immunostaining increased. Exposition to darkness diminished BDNF and TrkB mRNAs, and abolished the immunostaining for BDNF but not modified that for TrkB. These results demonstrate the regulation of BDNF and TrkB by light in the retina of adult zebrafish and might contribute to explain some aspects of the complex pathophysiology of light‐induced retinopathies. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unorthodox approach toward microscopic shape from image focus using optical microscopy
Authors: Mutahira Husna , Muhammad Mannan Saeed , Jaffar Arfan , Choi Tae‐Sun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractShallow depth‐of‐field is an inherent property of optical microscope. Because of this limitation, it is usually impossible to image large three‐dimensional (3D) objects entirely in focus. However, the in‐focus information of the object's surface can be acquired over a range of images by optical sectioning of the object in consideration. These images can then be processed to generate a single in‐focus image and further for 3D shape reconstruction using methods like Shape from focus (SFF). SFF represents a passive technique for recovering object shapes. Although numerous methods for SFF have been recently proposed, all follow similar precedent of focus measure application and depth recovery by maximizing the focus curves. As the conventional techniques assume the presence of prominent texture in the scene, the shape of weak textured surfaces are not recovered properly. In this manuscript, we have followed an unorthodox approach to recover shapes of microscopic objects using SFF. At first, the in‐focus image is obtained, pursued by computing depth along the edges and their neighbors present in scene. Empty spaces in the final depth map are then calculated by surface interpolation. The proposed approach works well even for objects with weak textures. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lentiviral small hairpin RNA delivery reduces apical sodium channel activity in differentiated human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Aarbiou Jamil , Copreni Elena , Buijs‐Offerman Ruvalic M. , van der Wegen Pascal , Castellani Stefano , Carbone Annalucia , Tilesi Francesca , Fradiani Piera , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Yueksekdag Guelnihal , Diana Anna , Rosenecker Joseph , Ascenzioni Fiorentina , Conese Massimo , Scholte Bob J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial sodium channel (ENaC) hyperactivity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) by dysregulation of fluid and electrolytes in the airways. In the present study, we show proof‐of‐principle for ENaC inhibition by lentiviral‐mediated RNA interference.MethodsImmortalized normal (H441) and CF mutant (CFBE) airway cells, and differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells in air liquid interface culture (HBEC‐ALI) were transduced with a vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral (LV) vector expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the α subunit of ENaC (ENaCα), and a marker gene. Efficacy of ENaCα down‐regulation was assayed by the real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), membrane potential assay, western blotting, short‐circuit currents and fluid absorption. Off‐target effects were investigated by a lab‐on‐a‐chip quantitative PCR array.ResultsTransduction to near one hundred percentage efficiency of H441, CFBE and HBEC‐ALI was achieved by the addition of the LV vector before differentiation and polarization. Transduction resulted in the inhibition of ENaCα mRNA and antigen expression, and a proportional decrease in ENaC‐dependent short circuit current and fluid transport. No effect on transepithelial resistance or cAMP‐induced secretion responses was observed in HBEC‐ALI. The production of interferon α and pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA, indicating Toll‐like receptor 3 or RNA‐induced silencing complex mediated off‐target effects, was not observed in HBEC‐ALI transduced with this vector.ConclusionsWe have established a generic method for studying the effect of RNA interference in HBEC‐ALI using standard lentiviral vectors. Down‐regulation of ENaCα by lentiviral shRNA expression vectors as shown in the absence off‐target effects has potential therapeutic value in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strength and muscle specificity of a compact promoter derived from the slow troponin I gene in the context of episomal (gutless adenovirus) and integrating (lentiviral) vectors
Authors: Robert Marc‐André , Lin Yuanbang , Bendjelloul Mehdi , Zeng Yue , Dessolin Sofien , Broussau Sophie , Larochelle Nancy , Nalbantoglu Josephine , Massie Bernard , Gilbert Rénald 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundGutless adenovirus (helper‐dependent adenoviral vector; HDAd) and lentiviral vectors (LV) are attractive vectors for the gene therapy of muscle diseases. Because the organization of their DNA (episomal versus integrated) differs, we investigated whether the strength and specificity of ΔUSEx3, a novel muscle‐specific promoter previously tested with plasmid, were maintained in the context of these vectors.MethodsTwo HDAds expressing β‐galactosidase regulated by ΔUSEx3 or CAG [cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/β‐actin promoter], and three LV expressing green fluorescent protein regulated by ΔUSEx3, CMV or a modified skeletal α‐actin promoter (SPcΔ5‐12), were constructed. Gene expression was compared in cell culture and after intravenous (HDAd only) and intramuscular injection of mice.ResultsIrrespective of the vector used, ΔUSEx3 remained poorly active in nonmuscle cells and tissues. In myotubes, ΔUSEx3 was as strong as CMV and SPcΔ5‐12, although it was ten‐fold weaker than CAG, a proven powerful promoter in muscle. In cell culture, ΔUSEx3 activity in the context of LV was more stable than CMV, indicating it is less prone to silencing. In the context of HDAd, the behavior of ΔUSEx3 in skeletal muscle mirrored that of cell culture (10% of the CAG activity and half the number of transduced fibers). Surprisingly, in muscles treated with LV, ΔUSEx3 activity was five‐fold lower than SPcΔ5‐12.ConclusionsThe data obtained in the present study confirm that ΔUSEx3 is a strong and robust muscle‐specific promoter in the context of HDAd (cell culture and in vivo) and LV (cell culture). However, it was less efficient in vivo in the context of LV.Copyright © 2012 National Research Council Canada & John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characteristics of human coxsackievirus B1 infection in Korea, 2008–2009
Authors: Kim HyeJin , Kang Byunghak , Hwang Seoyeon , Hong Jiyoung , Chung Jaekeun , Kim Sunhee , Jeong Yong‐Seok , Kim Kisang , Cheon Doo‐Sung 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study was performed to analyze epidemiological and molecular characteristics of coxsakievirus (CV) B1 infection associated with severe neonatal illness cases and death in Korea during 2008–2009. Through a nationwide surveillance program, specimens were collected from 104 patients infected with CVB1. The detection of enteroviruses (EVs) from specimens was subjected to a diagnostic real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in the 5′‐non‐coding region (NCR). A semi‐nested PCR was conducted to amplify sequences from the VP1 region and sequence comparison was performed with reference strains registered in Genbank. Male‐to‐female ratio confirmed approximately 5:4. The major clinical manifestation of patients infected with CVB1 was aseptic meningitis (55.8%). The other clinical symptoms were herpangina or hand–foot–mouth disease (22.1%) and neonatal sepsis (7.7%). The sequences of CVB1 isolates were divided into four genetic clusters (A–D) with at least 15% diversity between the clusters. Almost all the CVB1 isolates in Korea from 2008 to 2009 were in cluster D (except for 2 cases). The homology relationship was also similar between the Korean CVB1 strains and US strain (above 93%). It is possible that Korean CVB1 isolates found during 2008–2009 originated from the US strains found during 2006–2008. The identification of CVB1 in South Korea shows the potential of EVs to cause serious disease in an unpredictable fashion. J. Med. Virol. 85:110–115, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does chronic hepatitis B infection affect the clinical course of acute hepatitis A?
Authors: Shin Su Rin , Moh In Ho , Jung Sung Won , Kim Jin Bae , Park Sang Hoon , Kim Hyoung Su , Jang Myung Kuk , Lee Myung Seok 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe impact of chronic hepatitis B on the clinical outcome of acute hepatitis A remains controversial. The aim of present study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of acute hepatitis A in cases with underlying chronic hepatitis B compared to cases of acute hepatitis A alone. Data on 758 patients with acute hepatitis A admitted at two university‐affiliated hospitals were reviewed. Patients were classified into three groups: group A, patients with both acute hepatitis A and underlying chronic hepatitis B (n = 27); group B, patients infected by acute hepatitis A alone whose sexes and ages were matched with patients in group A (n = 54); and group C, patients with acute hepatitis A alone (n = 731). None of the demographic features of group A were significantly different from those of group B or C, except for the proportion of males and body weight, which differed from group C. When comparing to group B, clinical symptoms were more frequent, and higher total bilirubin and lower albumin levels were observed in group A. When comparing to group C, the albumin levels were lower in group A. There were no differences in the duration of hospital stay, occurrence of acute kidney injury, acute liver failure, prolonged cholestasis, or relapsing hepatitis. This study revealed that clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were less favorable for patients with acute hepatitis A and chronic hepatitis B compared to those with acute hepatitis A alone. However, there were no differences in fatal outcomes or serious complications. J. Med. Virol. 85:43–48, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppressive effect of PARP‐1 inhibitor on JC virus replication in vitro
Authors: Nukuzuma Souichi , Kameoka Masanori , Sugiura Shigeki , Nakamichi Kazuo , Nukuzuma Chiyoko , Takegami Tsutomu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has increased due to the AIDS pandemic, hematological malignancies, and immunosuppressive therapies. Recently, the number of cases of monoclonal antibody‐associated PML has increased in patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs such as natalizumab. However, no common consensus regarding PML therapy has been reached in clinical studies. In order to examine the suppression of JC virus (JCV) replication by 3‐aminobenzamide (3‐AB), a representative PARP‐1 inhibitor, a DNA replication assay was carried out using the neuroblastoma cell line IMR‐32 and IMR‐adapted JCV. The suppression of JCV propagation by 3‐AB was also examined using JCI cells, which are a carrier culture producing continuously high JCV titers. The results indicated that PARP‐1 inhibitors, such as 3‐aminobenzamide (3‐AB), suppress JCV replication and propagation significantly in vitro, as judged by DNA replication assay, hemagglutination, and real‐time PCR analysis. It has been also shown that 3‐AB reduced PARP‐1 activity in IMR‐32 cells. According to the results of the MTT assay, the enzyme activity of 3‐AB‐treated cells was slightly lower than that of DMSO‐treated cells. However, the significant suppression of JCV propagation is not related to the slight decrease in cell growth. To our knowledge, this is the first report that PARP‐1 inhibitor suppresses the replication of JCV significantly in neuroblastoma cell lines via the reduction of PARP‐1 activity. Thus, PARP‐1 inhibitors also may be a novel therapeutic drug for PML. J. Med. Virol. 85:132–137, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
K&N management: An appetite for operational excellence in the restaurant industry
Authors: Young Allyson L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFounded on the principle of pursuing excellence, K&N Management, a restaurant group based in Austin, Texas, strives to deliver value‐added experiences through the staff, products, and atmosphere at its eight fast‐casual properties. Recognizing that the food business is the people business, its leaders count customer delight with every interaction and careful staff selection, training, and development among the most critical ingredients in their recipe for success. As a result of their efforts, the organization has been honored with the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and grown into a profitable and sustainable enterprise benchmarked by others in its industry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.