bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptors stability modulates the efficiency of post‐translational protein N‐glycosylation
Authors: Couto Paula M. , Guardia Carlos M. A. , Couto Facundo L. , Labriola Carlos A. , Labanda María S. , Caramelo Julio J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractN‐glycosylation is the most common protein modification in the eukaryotic secretory pathway. It involves the attachment a high mannose glycan to Asn residues in the context of Asn‐X‐Ser/Thr/Cys, a motif known as N‐glycosylation sequon. This process is mediated by STT3A and STT3B, the catalytic subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase complexes. STT3A forms part of complexes associated with the SEC61 translocon and functions co‐translationally. Vacant sequons have another opportunity for glycosylation by complexes carrying STT3B. Local sequence information plays an important role in determining N‐glycosylation efficiency, but non‐local factors can also have a significant impact. For instance, certain proteins associated with human genetic diseases exhibit abnormal N‐glycosylation levels despite having wild‐type acceptor sites. Here, we investigated the effect of protein stability on this process. To this end, we generated a family of 40 N‐glycan acceptors based on superfolder GFP, and we measured their efficiency in HEK293 cells and in two derived cell lines lacking STT3B or STT3A. Sequon occupancy was highly dependent on protein stability, improving as the thermodynamic stability of the acceptor proteins decreases. This effect is mainly due to the activity of the STT3B‐based OST complex. These findings can be integrated into a simple kinetic model that distinguishes local information within sequons from global information of the acceptor proteins.
Tumor Deposits as an Adverse Prognostic Indicator in Stage III Colon Cancer: A Multicenter Database Study
Authors: Kim Jeeyou , Lee Dong Woon , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Oh Heung-Kwon , Shin Rumi , Choi Jin Sun , Kim Min Jung , Park Sung-Chan , Kim Duck-Woo , Heo Seung Chul , Kang Sung-Bum , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Oh Jae Hwan ,   On Behalf of the Seoul Colorectal Research Group (SECOG)
Published: June 2024

Objective:
We explored the oncological impact of tumor deposits (TDs) on colon cancer and proposed optimal modifications to the current staging system.

Background:
In the existing American Joint Committee on Cancer colon cancer staging system, TDs are incorporated into the N category as N1c. When lymph node metastases (LNMs) are present, their number is considered to determine nodal stages, such as N1a/b or N2a/b, regardless of TDs.

Methods:
4212 patients with primary colon cancer who underwent surgical resection in the Seoul Colorectal Group (2010–2020) and 93,057 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results*Stat database (2000–2017) were included in this study. Patients were classified according to the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) (0/1–3/≥4) and the presence of TDs.

Results:
TDs were significantly associated with left colon cancer, a higher T category, and vascular/perineural invasion. Patients with TDs had higher recurrence rates (23.1 vs 7.5%, P < 0.001). The TD-positive patients had notably worse overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival rates. The survival outcomes of TD-positive patients without LNM were inferior to those of TD-negative patients with LN1–3 (5-year OS: 78.9 vs 87.8%, P = 0.04). The survival outcomes of TD-positive patients with LN1–3 were similar to those of TD-negative patients with LN ≥4 (5-year OS: 87.0 vs 77.1%, P = 0.11). Survival outcomes obtained using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results *Stat database yielded consistent results.

Conclusions:
TDs were associated with poor prognostic factors and had a significant impact on survival outcomes. The incorporation of tumor deposits into nodal classifications beyond the current N1c criteria may improve the staging system and more accurately reflect the recurrence and survival rates among patients with colon cancer. TD-positive in N1a or N1b could be categorized as N2.
High Levels of Triggering Receptor Expressed in Myeloid Cells-Like Transcript-1 Positive, but Not Glycoprotein 1b+, Microparticles Are Associated With Poor Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Gibson Angelia D. , Bayrón-Marrero Zaida , Nieves-Lopez Benjamin , Maldonado-Martínez Gerónimo , Washington A. Valance 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To identify triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells-like transcript-1 positive (TLT-1+) microparticles (MPs) and evaluate if their presence is associated with clinical outcomes and/or disease severity in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
ARDS Network clinical trials.

PATIENTS:
A total of 564 patients were diagnosed with ARDS.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated the presence of TLT-1+ platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) that bind fibrinogen in plasma samples from fresh donors. We retrospectively quantified TLT-1, glycoprotein (Gp) 1b, or αIIbβIIIa immunopositive microparticles in plasma samples from patients with ARDS enrolled in the ARMA, KARMA, and LARMA (Studies 01 and 03 lower versus higher tidal volume, ketoconazole treatment, and lisofylline treatment Clincial Trials) ARDS Network clinical trials and evaluated the relationship between these measures and clinical outcomes. No associations were found between Gp1b+ MPs and clinical outcomes for any of the cohorts. When stratified by quartile, associations were found for survival, ventilation-free breathing, and thrombocytopenia with αIIbβIIIa
+ and TLT-1+ MPs (χ2
p < 0.001). Notably, 63 of 64 patients in this study who failed to achieve unassisted breathing had TLT+ PMP in the 75th percentile. In all three cohorts, patients whose TLT+ MP counts were higher than the median had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores, were more likely to present with thrombocytopenia and were 3.7 times (p < 0.001) more likely to die than patients with lower TLT+ PMP after adjusting for other risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although both αIIbβIIIa
+ and TLT+ microparticles (αIIbβIIIa, TLT-1) were associated with mortality, TLT-1+ MPs demonstrated stronger correlations with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores, unassisted breathing, and multiple system organ failure. These findings warrant further exploration of the mechanistic role of TLT-1+ PMP in ARDS or acute lung injury progression.
Pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV− the microbiome connection
Authors: Bai Xiangning , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Kunisaki Ken M. , Trøseid Marius 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
To report recent evidence on associations between human microbiome, particularly airway and gut, and pulmonary comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH). Furthermore, we explore how changes in the microbiome may contribute to pulmonary immune dysregulation and higher rates of pulmonary comorbidities among PWH. Finally, we propose future directions in the field.

Recent findings
Increased risk of pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in even well treated PWH. Altered microbiota profiles have been reported in PWH with pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline as compared to those without. The most consistent data have been the association between HIV-related pulmonary comorbidities, lung and oral microbiota dysbiosis, which has been also associated with distinct respiratory mucosal inflammatory profiles and short-term mortality. However, a possible causal link remains to be elucidated.

Summary
Associations between the lung and oral microbiome, HIV-associated pulmonary comorbidities and rapid lung function decline have been reported in recent studies. Yet the underlying mechanism underpinning the observed associations is largely unknown and substantial knowledge gaps remain. Future research is warranted to unveil the role and mechanism of human microbiome from different anatomical compartments in relation to pulmonary comorbidities in PWH.
Beyond the cuff: a consideration of factors that affect sexual function after benign hysterectomy
Authors: Cohen Natalie , Young Riley , Lin Emily , Chao Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Hysterectomy is the most common gynecologic surgical procedure performed on women in the United States. While there are data supporting that hysterectomy for benign indication often does not reduce sexual function and may in fact improve sexual function as fibroids and endometriosis are resected, it remains unclear if there are factors within the perioperative period that affect sexual function in the years following surgery. To date, there is no consensus on what factors can optimize patients’ sexual function after hysterectomy.

Recent findings
We present the current literature that assesses factors which may contribute to sexual function after hysterectomy. Preoperative demographic factors, including increasing age, pelvic pain, and preoperative sexual dysfunction, play a large role in postoperative sexual function. Perioperatively, there is a growing amount of data suggesting that premenopausal salpingo-oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy may increase the risk of sexual dysfunction after hysterectomy, and no conclusive evidence that subtotal hysterectomy improves sexual function. The route of hysterectomy and technique of cuff closure can impact sexual function after hysterectomy due to the risk of shortening the vaginal length.

Summary
There is a lack of high-quality evidence that can provide a consensus on factors to optimize sexual function after hysterectomy. A growing area of research in the excision of endometriosis procedures is the consideration of nerve-sparing surgery. Considering the many variables that exist when counseling a patient on benign hysterectomy and its effects on sexual function, it is critical to understand the current research that exists with regards to these factors.
Can a Breast Augmentation Procedure Improve the Appearance of Pectus Excavatum Deformity in Female Patients? A Prospective Study
Authors: Keramidas Evangelos , Rodopoulou Stavroula , Gavala Maria-Ioanna 
Published: June 2024

Background:
This study evaluates a specific breast augmentation (BA) technique in patients with pectus excavatum(PE) and its results in improving this deformity, augmenting the breasts, and correcting the concurrent breast asymmetry.

Methods:
Twenty-eight patients with PE were treated from 2017 to 2021. All patients who visited our private practice were aiming to augment their breasts, correct their breast asymmetry, and improve their PE. The mean age of the patients was 25 years. In most cases, the submuscular dual-plane technique was chosen. Patients’ quality of life regarding their chest wall deformity was assessed using the Single Step Questionnaire (SSQ). Subjects’ quality of life regarding general self-esteem, psychosocial well-being, and physical function were assessed at initial screening and 24-month follow-up using the BREAST-Q V2 questionnaire. Also, patients filled out a pain-evaluating questionnaire concerning the first 5 postoperative days to determine the recovery of this specific technique.

Results:
No complications were observed. The SSQ revealed high satisfaction (mean score=73) and significant (P = 0.001) improvement following the operation. The improvements regarding psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and satisfaction with the BREAST-Q were also equally high (P = 0.001). The pain was minimal during the first five postoperative days. This is the first prospective study that evaluates the quality of life using both the SSQ, the validated BREAST-Q, and the pain score when performing BA in patients with PE and breast asymmetry using breast silicone implants.

Conclusions:
BA is a procedure that can give excellent results both regarding chest wall deformity and BA in PE patients.
Hepatocyte-specific loss of DDB1 attenuates hepatic steatosis but aggravates liver inflammation and fibrosis in MASH
Authors: Gu Qiuxia , Chang Yushun , Jin Yan , Fang Jing , Ji Tong , Lin Jie , Zhu Xi , Dong Binzhi , Ying Hanning , Fan Xiaoxiao , Li Zheyong , Gao Zerui , Zhu Yongfen , Tong Yifan , Cai Xiujun 
Published: June 2024

Background:
MASH is a common clinical disease that can lead to advanced liver conditions, but no approved pharmacotherapies are available due to an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) participates in lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, the function of DDB1 in MASH is unclear.

Methods:
Clinical liver samples were obtained from patients with MASH and control individuals by liver biopsy. Hepatocyte-specific Ddb1-knockout mice and liver Hmgb1 knockdown mice were fed with a methionine-and choline-deficient diet to induce MASH.

Results:
We found that the expression of DDB1 in the liver was significantly decreased in MASH models. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of DDB1 markedly alleviated methionine-and choline-deficient diet-induced liver steatosis but unexpectedly exacerbated inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanistically, DDB1 deficiency attenuated hepatic steatosis by downregulating the expression of lipid synthesis and uptake genes. We identified high-mobility group box 1 as a key candidate target for DDB1-mediated liver injury. DDB1 deficiency upregulated the expression and extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1, which further increased macrophage infiltration and activated HSCs, ultimately leading to the exacerbation of liver inflammation and fibrosis.

Conclusions:
These data demonstrate the independent regulation of hepatic steatosis and injury in MASH. These findings have considerable clinical implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for MASH.
How Do Occupational Physicians Address Employees’ Financial Problems? An Exploratory Interview Study Into Current Practice and Potential Improvements
Authors: Heezen Toine , van Berkel Jantien 
Published: June 2024

Objective
Problematic debt poses a considerable challenge in the Netherlands, impacting health and work-related outcomes. Occupational physicians play a vital role in guiding absent employees and identifying work-related risk factors for illness. This study investigates how occupational physicians address financial issues among employees and proposes improvements.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with a diverse group of 12 occupational physicians and residents.

Results
Thematic content analysis revealed that while physicians do not routinely inquire about financial problems, they approach socioeconomic concerns cautiously and consider multiple (structural and individual) risk factors. Current interventions include budget coaching and lifestyle enhancements.

Conclusions
Despite awareness, current interventions focus on immediate advice targeting downstream factors (ie, social determinants at the individual level), thereby overlooking structural, upstream factors (ie, social determinants on a societal and systemic level) of employees’ financial problems. Exploring systems approaches, targeting both individual and structural factors, and more attention for this subject in occupational physicians education, are considered crucial for future effective approaches.
The performance of large language model-powered chatbots compared to oncology physicians on colorectal cancer queries
Authors: Zhou Shan , Luo Xiao , Chen Chan , Jiang Hong , Yang Chun , Ran Guanghui , Yu Juan , Yin Chengliang 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots have become increasingly prevalent in healthcare, while their capacity in oncology remains largely unknown. To evaluate the performance of LLM-powered chatbots compared to oncology physicians in addressing colorectal cancer queries.

Methods:
This study was conducted between August 13, 2023, and January 5, 2024. A total of 150 questions were designed, and each question was submitted three times to eight chatbots: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4 Turbo, Doctor GPT, Llama-2-70B, Mixtral-8x7B, Bard, and Claude 2.1. No feedback was provided to these chatbots. The questions were also answered by nine oncology physicians, including three residents, three fellows, and three attendings. Each answer was scored based on its consistency with guidelines, with a score of 1 for consistent answers and 0 for inconsistent answers. The total score for each question was based on the number of corrected answers, ranging from 0 to 3. The accuracy and scores of the chatbots were compared to those of the physicians.

Results:
Claude 2.1 demonstrated the highest accuracy, with an average accuracy of 82.67%, followed by Doctor GPT at 80.45%, ChatGPT-4 Turbo at 78.44%, ChatGPT-4 at 78%, Mixtral-8x7B at 73.33%, Bard at 70%, ChatGPT-3.5 at 64.89%, and Llama-2-70B at 61.78%. Claude 2.1 outperformed residents, fellows, and attendings. Doctor GPT outperformed residents and fellows. Additionally, Mixtral-8x7B outperformed residents. In terms of scores, Claude 2.1 outperformed residents and fellows. Doctor GPT, ChatGPT-4 Turbo, and ChatGPT-4 outperformed residents.

Conclusions:
This study shows that LLM-powered chatbots can provide more accurate medical information compared to oncology physicians.
Efficacy and safety of perioperative application of esketamine on postoperative depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Wen Yazhou , Mao Mingjie , Jiang Ming , Liu Qiaoqiao , Li Qian , Wang Xuan , Yuan Hongmei , Wang Xian , Feng Shanwu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Postoperative depression has a profound impact on patients’ postoperative rehabilitation and overall quality of life. Preventing postoperative depression is of significant value because conventional antidepressants have a slow onset of action. Esketamine showed prompt and sustained antidepressant efficacy. Nevertheless, the safety and effectiveness of perioperative esketamine in preventing postoperative depression are still unknown. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the safety and effectiveness of perioperative intravenous esketamine in relation to its ability to prevent postoperative depression.

Materials and methods:
Randomized controlled trials were searched in the following databases: Web of Science, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Embase. The primary outcome assessed is the postoperative depression scores. Postoperative pain ratings and adverse effects constituted secondary outcomes. Subgroup analyses were carried out on the basis of multiple variables, including the absence or presence of preoperative depression, the mode of esketamine administration, the dosage of esketamine, and the type of anesthesia.

Results:
A total of 16 studies encompassed 1161 patients who received esketamine intervention, whereas 1106 patients served as controls. Esketamine was efficacious in reducing postoperative depression scores when administered perioperatively, and the esketamine group maintained a lower postoperative depression score than the control group more than 4 weeks after surgery. Esketamine effectively alleviated postoperative pain scores without increasing the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, nightmares, and dissociation.

Conclusion:
The administration of esketamine during the perioperative has the potential to decrease postoperative depression and pain scores without increasing the incidence of adverse effects.
Effect of metformin on hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type II diabetes receiving transarterial chemoembolization: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Lei , Wu Linxia , Zhang Lijie , Sun Bo , Wu Wenlong , Lei Yu , Zhu Licheng , Sun Tao , Liang Bin , Zhao Huangxuan , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Diabetes is prevalent among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the hypoglycemic drug metformin has shown antitumor effects, its potential positive effect on patients with HCC and diabetes undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of metformin in patients with HCC and type II diabetes who are receiving TACE.

Materials and methods:
This retrospective study involved 372 consecutive patients with HCC and type II diabetes across three medical centers between January 2014 and June 2021. All patients underwent TACE. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce selection bias. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to compare all-cause death between the metformin and nonmetformin groups while competing risk regression was performed to assess cancer-specific death.

Results:
Among 372 patients included in the study, 208 patients (177 male patients and 31 female patients) with a mean age of 59.6 (10.3) years received metformin, and 164 patients (139 male patients and 25 female patients) with a mean age of 60.3 (10.0) years did not. Before PSM, patients with metformin had significantly longer median overall survival (mOS) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) than those without metformin (mOS: 34 months, 95% CI: 25.6–42.4 vs. 20 months, 95% CI: 15.3–24.7; P<0.001; mPFS: 11 months, 95% CI: 9.3–12.7 vs. 8 months, 95% CI: 5.9–10.1; P<0.001). Similar results were observed after PSM. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that metformin was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.589, 95% CI: 0.454–0.763; P<0.001) and tumor progression (HR: 0.667, 95% CI: 0.526–0.845; P=0.001) before PSM. After excluding deaths related to other factors, metformin continued to demonstrate a reduction in cancer-specific mortality risk among the patients. Subgroup analysis further revealed that patients using metformin had lower all-cause mortality risk and tumor progression risk than those without metformin in most subgroups. Adverse event evaluation suggested that metformin could lead to elevated nausea incidence.

Conclusion:
Metformin may confer survival benefits to patients with HCC and type II diabetes undergoing TACE. Metformin may simultaneously address multiple aspects of treatment in these patients.