bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and field evaluation of a VR/AR‐based remotely controlled system for a two‐wheel paddy transplanter
Authors: Lohan Shiv Kumar , Narang Mahesh Kumar , Raghuvirsinh Parmar , Kumar Santosh , Singh Lakhwinder Pal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOperating a two‐wheel paddy transplanter traditionally poses physical strain and cognitive workload challenges for farm workers, especially during headland turns. This study introduces a virtual reality (VR)/augmented reality (AR)based remote‐control system for a two‐wheel paddy transplanter to resolve these issues. The system replaces manual controls with VR interfaces, integrating gear motors and an electronic control unit. Front and rear‐view cameras provide real‐time field perception on light‐emitting diode screens, displaying path trajectories via an autopilot controller and real‐time kinematic global navigation satellite systems module. Human operators manipulate the machine using a hand‐held remote controller while observing live camera feeds and path navigation trajectories. The study found that forward speed necessitated optimization within manageable limits of 1.75–2.00 km h−1 for walk‐behind types and 2.00–2.25 km h−1 for remote‐controlled systems. While higher speeds enhanced field capacity by 11.67%–12.95%, they also resulted in 0.74%–1.17% lower field efficiency. Additionally, Operators' physiological workload analysis revealed significant differences between walk‐behind and remotely controlled operators. Significant differences in energy expenditure rate (EER) were observed between walk‐behind and remote‐controlled paddy transplanters, with EER values ranging from 8.20 ± 0.80 to 27.67 ± 0.45 kJ min⁻¹ and 7.56 ± 0.55 to 9.72 ± 0.37 kJ min⁻¹, respectively (p < 0.05). Overall, the VR‐based remote‐control system shows promise in enhancing operational efficiency and reducing physical strain in paddy transplanting operations.
Turning “green” into “gold”: A study on the impact of green finance pilot zone policy on energy carbon emission efficiency
Authors: Gao Jiazhan , Hua Guihong , Huo Baofeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a crucial mechanism for advancing sustainable development, green finance invigorates national initiatives to reach peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. This study leverages panel data from 215 Chinese cities spanning 2013–2022, using the green finance pilot zone policy (GFZ) as a quasi‐natural experiment. By employing difference‐in‐differences methodologies, this research examines the effects of GFZ on energy carbon emission efficiency (ECE) in China, along with its spatial spillover impacts. The findings reveal a substantial enhancement in ECE attributable to GFZ, with results remaining robust through various stability checks. Mechanism analysis further indicates that GFZ boosts ECE by promoting green innovation and facilitating industrial upgrading and transformation. Additionally, heterogeneity analysis suggests that GFZ is more effective in cities with higher marketization levels. Improvements in ECE among different types of resource‐based cities are observed in the order of declining, regenerative, growing, and mature cities. Spatial analysis reveals that the spillover effects of GFZ peak at a distance of 500 km from the pilot zones. This study not only provides empirical evidence supporting the expansion of GFZ but also offers a unique Chinese perspective on sustainable development.
Trustworthy and collaborative traceability management: Experts’ feedback on a blockchain‐enabled framework
Authors: Demi Selina , Sánchez‐Gordón Mary , Kristiansen Monica , Larrucea Xabier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlockchain technology has attracted significant attention in both academia and industry. Recently, the application of blockchain has been advocated in software engineering. The global software engineering paradigm exacerbates trust issues, as distributed and cross‐organizational teams need to share software artifacts. In such a context, there is a need for a decentralized yet reliable traceability knowledge base to keep track of what/how/when/by whom software artifacts were created or changed. This study presents a blockchain‐enabled framework for trustworthy and collaborative traceability management and identifies benefits, challenges, and potential improvements based on the feedback of software engineering experts. A qualitative approach was followed in this study through semistructured interviews with software engineering (SE) experts. Transcripts were analyzed by applying the content analysis technique. The results indicated the emergence of five categories, further grouped into three main categories: experts' perceptions, blockchain‐based software process improvement, and experts' recommendations. In addition, the findings suggested four archetypes of organizations that may be interested in blockchain technology: distributed organizations, organizations with contract‐based projects, organizations in regulated domains, and regulators who may push the use of this technology. Further efforts should be devoted to the integration of the proposal with tools used throughout the software development lifecycle and leveraging the potential of smart contracts in validating the implementation of requirements automatically.
Enhancing agricultural wireless sensor network security through integrated machine learning approaches
Authors: Sharma Ishu , Bhardwaj Aditya , Kaushik Keshav 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWireless sensor network (WSN) works with a collection of multiple sensor nodes to fetch the data from the deployed environment to fulfill the application whether it is agricultural monitoring, industrial monitoring, etc. The agricultural region can be monitored by deploying sensor nodes to multiple verticals where continuous human presence is not feasible. These devices are equipped with limited resources and are easily vulnerable to various cyber‐attacks. The attacker can hack the sensor nodes to steal critical information from WSN devices. The cluster heads in the WSN play a vital role in the process of routing data packets and attackers launch malicious codes through sender nodes to hack or damage the cluster heads to shut down the entire deployed network of agricultural regions. This research paper proposes a framework to improve the security of WSNs by providing a shield to the cluster heads of the network using machine learning techniques. The experimental study of the paper includes the comparative analysis of three machine learning techniques decision tree classifier, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, and random forest classifier for predicting WSN attacks like flooding, gray hole, blackhole, and TDMA that are deployed to support the proposed WSN security framework on the attack dataset. The random forest classifier achieves an accuracy of 98%, Precision of 97.6%, Recall of 97.6%, and F1 score of 97.8% which is the maximum among the deployed machine learning techniques.
A study on the sulfate erosion deterioration law and damage model of shotcrete in high geothermal tunnels
Authors: Tong Jianjun , Xiang Lulu , Cai Yanshan , Wang Mingnian , Ye Pei , Miao Xingwang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen building a tunnel in an environment rich in high‐temperature hot water, it is particularly necessary to pay attention to the influence of sulfate ions in underground hot water on tunnel shotcrete. In order to study the sulfate erosion mechanism and mechanical properties of shotcrete in a real high‐temperature hot water environment, this study was carried out by setting the curing temperature (20, 40, 60, and 80°C), humidity (55% RH, 95% RH), and erosion age (0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 d) as the test influencing factors; a full combination of dry‐wet cycle test was carried out, and the specimens under different conditions were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically. The results show that with the increase of the number of dry‐wet cycles, the quality of shotcrete increases first and then decreases, and the mechanical properties gradually decrease. In the early stage of erosion, the erosion product is mainly ettringite, and the macroscopic damage is aggregate spalling. In the later stage of erosion, the erosion product is mainly gypsum, and the macroscopic damage is expansion damage. Compared with standard curing, a certain degree of high temperature curing has little effect on the sulfate attack resistance of shotcrete, but when the curing temperature exceeds 60°C, the concrete is seriously damaged. Finally, by constructing the damage model of sulfate attack shotcrete, the variation of compressive strength of shotcrete with age after sulfate attack under different curing conditions was successfully predicted.
Strategies employed by EFL teachers to cope with language learners' classroom anxiety
Authors: Zarei Mohammad Amin , Alibakhshi Goudarz , Nezakatgoo Behzad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLanguage classroom anxiety is a significant concern for applied linguists and English language teachers. As an affective variable, foreign language anxiety has the potential to harm learners' language learning and performance. While the impact of language anxiety on the academic achievement of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) has been extensively studied, little research has investigated the coping strategies of teachers to address learners' anxiety. This study aimed to explore such EFL teacher strategies in online English language classes, using a qualitative phenomenological research approach. The study involved in‐depth interviews with 20 teachers selected through theoretical sampling. The researchers used thematic analysis to analyze the interview data. The results revealed three factors that emerged from 24 identified coping strategies: creating a safe environment for EFL learners, utilizing learners' first language (L1), and engaging learners in classroom activities. These findings have theoretical and practical significance for teachers, educators, and administrators.
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and plasma protein binding of tolfenamic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Corum Orhan , Durna Corum Duygu , Marin Pedro , Acar Omer Faruk , Aksoy Mert , Uney Kamil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough research on the mechanism and control of pain and inflammation in fish has increased in recent years, the use of analgesic drugs is limited due to the lack of pharmacological information about analgesic drugs. Tolfenamic acid is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug and can be used in fish due to its low side effect profile and superior pharmacokinetic properties.ObjectivesThe pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and plasma protein binding of tolfenamic acid were investigated following single intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral administration of 2 mg/kg in rainbow trout at 13 ± 0.5°C.MethodsThe experiment was carried out on a total of 234 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Tolfenamic acid was administered to fish via IV, IM and oral route at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken at 13 different sampling times until the 72 h after drug administration. The plasma concentrations of tolfenamic acid were quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (UV) and pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed using non‐compartmental analysis.ResultsThe elimination half‐life (t1/2ʎz) of tolfenamic acid for IV, IM and oral routes was 3.47, 6.75 and 9.19 h, respectively. For the IV route, the volume of distribution at a steady state and total body clearance of tolfenamic acid were 0.09 L/kg and 0.03 L/h/kg, respectively. The peak plasma concentration and bioavailability for IM and oral administration were 8.82 and 1.24 µg/mL, and 78.45% and 21.48%, respectively. The mean plasma protein binding ratio of tolfenamic acid in rainbow trout was 99.48% and was not concentration dependent.ConclusionsWhile IM route, which exhibits both the high plasma concentration and bioavailability, can be used in rainbow trout, oral route is not recommended due to low plasma concentration and bioavailability. However, there is a need to demonstrate the pharmacodynamic activity of tolfenamic acid in rainbow trout.
Taenia martis in an Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis): The importance of molecular identification
Authors: Danière Clara , Callait‐Cardinal Marie‐Pierre , Grenouillet Frédéric , Lemberger Karin , Quintard Benoit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cestode Taenia martis is a common parasite affecting mustelids, with rodents serving as intermediate hosts. However, infections with the larval stage have seldomly been described in primates. This report describes a case in an Alaotran gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis) that died of chronic kidney disease, and in which Taenia cysticercosis was discovered at postmortem examination. Microscopic examination of the cysts attached to the mesentery and the inner side of the ribs, combined with the epidemiology of Taenia cysticercosis in France, pointed to Taenia crassiceps as the most probable aetiology. However, molecular identification, undertaken 3 years later during a global study on T. crassiceps in lemurs in France, identified the larval cestode as T. martis. This report is the first record of T. martis infection in an Alaotran gentle lemur and shows the importance of molecular identification in cysticercosis diagnosis.
Hepatic T‐cell lymphoma in a dog with chronic hepatitis and presence of Leptospira spp. in hepatic tissue
Authors: Holenova Katerina , Giannasi Chiara , Alloway Elizabeth , Harper Aaron 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 7‐year‐old, female, neutered Border collie was referred for investigation of increased liver enzymes, accompanied by mild non‐specific clinical signs. Investigations subsequently revealed the presence of chronic pyogranulomatous hepatitis, copper accumulation and presence of multiplying Leptospira spp. in the liver tissue. Following treatment with doxycycline and D‐penicillamine, the liver parameters and clinical signs improved. However, 9 months after the treatment was initiated, the dog re‐presented for overall deterioration, small intestinal diarrhoea and cough. Investigations were consistent with a hepatic large cell lymphoma. The dog was euthanased shortly after diagnosis, and histopathology of the postmortem samples taken from the liver showed presence of CD3+, CD11d+ T‐cell lymphoma as well as multiplying Leptospira spp. in the tissue.
Water retention curves of sandy soils obtained from direct measurements, particle size distribution, and infiltration experiments
Authors: Farooq Umar , Gorczewska‐Langner Wioletta , Szymkiewicz Adam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate information about soil water retention curves (SWRCs) of sands is essential for evaluating groundwater recharge and vulnerability to contamination in many shallow sandy aquifers which are widespread on post glacial areas in Northern Europe and North America. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) allow to estimate SWRC from basic physical characteristics of soils, such as textural composition. However, in the case of clean sands which are dominated by a single textural fraction, PTFs should be based on more detailed information given by the particle size distribution. In this study we evaluated three parametric PTFs, which estimate parameters of the van Genuchten SWRC based on empirical correlations to the parameters of soil particle size distribution, and five semi‐physical PTFs, which derive the pore size distribution from particle size distribution. PTFs were compared to SWRCs fitted to the results of drainage experiments on sandy soil samples from six locations in Gdańsk region (northern Poland). Although in all samples the content of silt and clay fractions was low (<3.5%), the differences in actual content of fines strongly influenced the shape of SWRC. In contrast, the amount of gravel fraction (varying from 1% to 35%) did not have significant effect on SWRC. Semi‐physical PTFs were found to be more accurate than parametric PTFs. The best overall performance was shown by the semi‐physical Chang and Cheng PTF. Among the parametric PTFs the best accuracy was obtained with the Schaap and Bouten method. However, all considered functions showed limited accuracy in higher suction range. Additionally, infiltration experiments were performed on four sites. SWRCs were obtained from ring infiltrometer tests using the Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) method and from the tension infiltrometer (TI) tests using numerical solution of the inverse problem based on the Richards equation. In almost all cases the wetting SWRCs were characterized by higher values of the pressure scaling parameter α compared to SWRCs measured in drainage experiments, which is consistent with the well‐known phenomenon of hysteresis in soils. However, the BEST method resulted in significantly higher α and hydraulic conductivity Ks than TI, probably due to activation of the largest soil pores during ponded infiltration.
What Do Korean Speakers Know About Politeness?
Authors: Kim Soung-U. , Brown Lucien 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores how Korean speakers understand and talk about “politeness” and related metaconcepts. Data is drawn from qualitative interviews with 20 Korean speakers (10 students in their 20 s and 10 professors aged 40 and above). We asked them to provide their own personal definitions of six metaconcepts:yeyuy paluta‘possess correct civility’,yeyuy epsta‘lack civility’,concwunghata‘be respectful’,musihata‘be disrespectful’,chincelhata‘be courteous’, andpwulcincelhata‘be discourteous.’ We analyse how the participants defined these six concepts, and then look at four other important metalexemes that emerged in the data:phyenhata‘comfortable’,thayto‘embodied attitude’,paylye‘consideration’ andinceng‘recognition’. Through analysis of these different concepts, we are able to construct an emic (participant-oriented) picture of what politeness means across two different generations of Korean speakers. We conclude by discussing how the results compare to previous descriptions of politeness in Korean, and also to the models of politeness offered in previous politeness theories.
Existence and convergence of the length-preserving elastic flow of clamped curves
Authors: Rupp Fabian , Spener Adrian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study the evolution of curves with fixed length and clamped boundary conditions moving by the negative $$L^2$$

L
2

-gradient flow of the elastic energy. For any initial curve lying merely in the energy space we show existence and parabolic smoothing of the solution. Applying previous results on long-time existence and proving a constrained Łojasiewicz–Simon gradient inequality we furthermore show convergence to a critical point as time tends to infinity.
Tigliane metabolites in Hyles frass after feeding experiments with TPA and Euphorbia cyparissias
Authors: Kulossa Marie , Oertel Reinhard , Hundsdoerfer Anna K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWithin the genus Hyles, Euphorbia feeding appears to have evolved twice independently, in H. euphorbiae but also in H. nicaea, a species which had not been studied for its detoxification processes before. Euphorbia is known to contain toxic secondary metabolites, including diterpene esters, preventing most herbivores from feeding on them. We investigated the metabolisation of the standard phorbol ester Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and the diterpenes contained in Euphorbia cyparissias by the two species Hyles euphorbiae and Hyles nicaea (subspecies nicaea). For the first time, we report (1) The gut disposition of Hyles n. nicaea for this standard phorbol ester, which is commonly used in cancer and tumour research and (2) The disposition of the food plant tiglinaes of Euphorbia cyparissias after gut passage in both species and (3) Tigliane metabolites in the frass of TPA and of E. cyparissias feeding larvae. For both species around 5–25% of the TPA dose was recovered in the frass of the larvae, along with the metabolites phorbol and phorbol-13-acetate in very small amounts and traces. While the amounts of phorbol found did not differ much between the species frass, phorbol-13-acetate could be found in higher amounts in Hyles n. nicaea frass, indicating a difference in metabolisation. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis of TPA to phorbol-13-acetate and phorbol are postulated not to be the main metabolisation pathway, seeing that the amounts found only represent a small fraction of the TPA dose consumed.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells is inhibited by microRNA-494-3p via targeting lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
Authors: Yan Wenxiao , Yan Yan , Luo Xinye , Dong Yansong , Liang Guiwen , Miao Hua , Huang Zhongwei , Jiang Haiyan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of inflammation and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. According to our previous study, the expression of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is significantly upregulated in septic patients and is positively correlated with the severity of this disease. Herein, we investigated the potential roles of Lp-PLA2-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) in LPS-induced inflammation in murine mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7 cells).

Methods
In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, Lp-PLA2 was confirmed to be expressed during the inflammatory response. The function of microRNA-494-3p (miR-494-3p) in the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells was determined by the transfection of a miR-494-3p mimic or inhibitor in vitro.

Results
Compared to the control, LPS induced a significant increase in the Lp-PLA2 level, which was accompanied by the release of inflammatory mediators. The bioinformatics and qRT‒PCR results indicated that the miR-494-3p level was associated with Lp-PLA2 expression in the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results confirmed that the 3’-UTR of Lp-PLA2 was a functional target of microRNA-494-3p. During the LPS-induced inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells, targeting Lp-PLA2 and transfecting miR-494-3p mimics significantly upregulated the expression of miR-494-3p, leading to a reduction in the release of inflammatory factors and conferring a protective effect on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Conclusion
By targeting Lp-PLA2, miR-494-3p suppresses Lp-PLA2 secretion, thereby alleviating LPS-induced inflammation, which indicates that miR-494-3p may be a potential target for sepsis treatment.