bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular statics simulations of ferroelectric barium titanate in the rhombohedral phase
Authors: Endres Florian , Steinmann Paul 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFerroelectric functional materials improved tremendously over the last decades. Therefore not only the material science regarding material manufacturing but also simulation models and algorithms have been developed further. There are two fundamentally different types of models available. Firstly, particle based models describe material as a discrete particle system. Secondly, continuum mechanics describe material as a continuum. Both continuum mechanics and the particle based methods have their benefits and disadvantages. Still the main disadvantage of particle based methods are the enormous computational costs. In this work the fundamentals of a molecular statics algorithm for the simulation of ferroelectric functional materials are elucidated in order to reduce the computational costs. Furthermore barium titanate has been simulated in order to demonstrate the applicability of the molecular statics algorithm. Since the computational costs of molecular statics are highly reduced compared to other atomistic algorithms larger systems can be calculated more efficiently. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic Analyses Benefit From Using Less Heterogeneous Phenotypes: An Illustration With the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Authors: Laurin Charles A. , Hottenga Jouke‐Jan , Willemsen Gonneke , Boomsma Dorret I. , Lubke Gitta H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPhenotypic heterogeneity of depression has been cited as one of the causes of the limited success to detect genetic variants in genome‐wide studies. The 7‐item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐D) was developed to detect depression in individuals with physical health problems. An initial psychometric analysis showed that a short version (“HADS‐4”) is less heterogeneous and hence more reliable than the full scale, and correlates equally strong with a DSM‐oriented depression scale. We compared the HADS‐D and the HADS‐4 to assess the benefits of using less heterogeneous phenotype measures in genetic analyses. We compared HADS‐D and HADS‐4 in three separate analyses: (1) twin‐ and family‐based heritability estimation, (2) SNP‐based heritability estimation using the software GCTA, and (3) a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The twin study resulted in heritability estimates between 18% and 25%, with additive genetic variance being the largest component. There was also evidence for assortative mating and a dominance component of genetic variance, with HADS‐4 having slightly lower estimates of assortment. Importantly, when estimating heritability from SNPs, the HADS‐D did not show a significant genetic variance component, while for the HADS‐4, a statistically significant amount of heritability was estimated. Moreover, the HADS‐4 had substantially more SNPs with small P‐values in the GWAS analysis than did the HADS‐D. Our results underline the benefits of using more homogeneous phenotypes in psychiatric genetic analyses. Homogeneity can be increased by focusing on core symptoms of disorders, thus reducing the noise in aggregate phenotypes caused by substantially different symptom profiles.
Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) influences trait anxiety by modulating the functional connectivity between the amygdala and insula in Han Chinese males
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Ling , Li Xueting , Song Yiying , Liu Jia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA functional polymorphism (5‐hydroxytryptamine transporter linked polymorphic region [5‐HTTLPR]) in the promoter region of human serotonin transporter gene has been found to be associated with several dimensions of neuroticism and psychopathology, especially anxiety. However, the neural basis underlying the association between 5‐HTTLPR and anxiety is less clear. Here, we explored how 5‐HTTLPR influenced anxiety by modulating the spontaneous brain activities in Han Chinese. First, we found an association between 5‐HTTLPR and anxiety only in the male and not in the female population, where male S/S homozygotes had a significantly higher level of anxiety than male L allele carriers. Then, we examined how 5‐HTTLPR influenced anxiety at both regional and network levels in the brain at rest. At the regional level, we found a significantly higher fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations in the amygdala in male S/S homozygotes relative to male L allele carriers. At the network level, male S/S homozygotes showed a weaker resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the amygdala and various regions, including the insula, Heschl's gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and hippocampus, and a stronger RSFC between the amygdala and various regions, including the supramariginal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. However, at both levels, only was the amygdala–insula RSFC correlated with anxiety. Mediation analyses further revealed that the amygdala–insula RSFC mediated the association between 5‐HTTLPR and anxiety. In short, our study provided the first empirical evidence that the amygdala–insula RSFC served as the neural basis underlying the association between 5‐HTTLPR and anxiety, suggesting a potential neurogenetic susceptibility mechanism for anxiety. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2732–2742, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tolerance of early oral feeding in patients subjected to total laryngectomy
Authors: Sousa Alexandre Andrade , Porcaro–Salles José Maria , Soares João Marcos Arantes , Meyer de Moraes Gustavo , Souza Silva Guilherme , Abreu Sepulcri Rafael , Rezende Carvalho Jomar , Savassi–Rocha Paulo Roberto 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the tolerance of early oral feeding after total laryngectomy.MethodA randomized multicenter study was conducted that included 89 individuals subjected to total laryngectomy. The participants were allocated to 2 groups: early (n = 44), early oral feeding; and late (n = 45), late oral feeding. The participants in the early group were assessed as to acceptance of oral feeding, and their food intake was quantified.ResultsIn the early group, the total energy expenditure and protein needs were not met through oral feeding alone at any time during the first 7 postoperative days. The times to attain 25% and 50% of the total energy expenditure and protein needs by oral feeding after surgery were 4 and 7 days, respectively.ConclusionThe patients subjected to early oral feeding failed to meet their caloric and protein needs through that route alone during the first 4 postoperative days and required complementary nutrition through another route. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E643–E648, 2016
The Relationship Between Racial Identity Status Attitudes and Acculturation Among Chinese and Korean Americans: A Criterion Profile Analysis
Authors: Cheng Pei‐Han , Carter Robert T. , Lee Donald Y. 
Published: April 2015

This study tested the relationship between racial identity and acculturation among 223 Asian Americans self‐identifying as Chinese American or Korean American. Findings showed within‐group variations among the study participants with regard to their racial identity status attitudes and acculturation. Using criterion profile analysis, the authors found 2 distinctive criterion profiles of racial identity status attitudes that significantly related to higher levels of acculturation among Chinese American and Korean American participants. Implications for multicultural counseling, racial identity, and acculturation research are discussed.Este estudio puso a prueba la relación entre identidad racial y aculturación entre 223 individuos asiático‐americanos que se identifican a sí mismos como chino‐americanos o coreano‐americanos. Los resultados mostraron variaciones dentro del miso grupo entre los participantes del estudio en cuanto a su aculturación y sus actitudes hacia el estatus de su identidad racial. Usando un análisis de perfil de criterio, los autores encontraron 2 perfiles de criterio distintivos para las actitudes hacia el estatus de identidad racial que estaban relacionados significativamente con niveles más altos de aculturación entre los participantes chino‐americanos y coreano‐americanos. Se discuten las implicaciones para investigaciones sobre consejería multicultural, identidad racial y aculturación.
Counseling Multiple‐Heritage Couples
Authors: Blount Ashley J. , Young Mark E. 
Published: April 2015

Multiple‐heritage couples are one of the fastest growing client populations in the United States. These partnerships are defined by intersecting ethnic, racial, linguistic, and religious differences. They are challenged by societal perceptions, stereotypes, and other pressures associated with being in a multiple‐heritage pairing. This article discusses strengths in the multiple‐heritage union brought about by the understanding of diverse viewpoints. Finally, the article identifies specific strategies, such as couples relationship education, to resolve and confront inherent differences.Las parejas multiculturales son uno de los grupos demográficos de clientes de mayor crecimiento en los Estados Unidos. Este tipo de parejas se define por la intersección de diferencias étnicas, raciales, lingüísticas y religiosas. Sus miembros enfrentan desafíos a causa de las percepciones sociales, los esterotipos y otras presiones asociadas con tener una pareja multicultural. Este artículo discute los puntos fuertes en una unión multicultural, facilitados por la comprensión de puntos de vista diversos. Finalmente, el artículo identifica estrategias específicas, como por ejemplo la educación en relaciones de pareja, para resolver y afrontar las diferencias intrínsecas.
Teaching by Design
Authors: Burke Jim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and other state standards have challenged teachers to rethink how they plan units and design their assignments within constraints of time and increasingly diverse classrooms. This article describes the author's efforts to create a coherent, useable set of tools to make his teaching at the unit and daily levels more consistently effective. Through the tools and techniques he discusses here, the author presents the notion of a set of “performances” that serve as a guide for his own class and a means of facilitating important, if sometimes difficult, conversations within English departments about who is teaching what at each grade level. While the notion of these “Essential Performances” is not meant to replace the CCSS or any other set of standards, it is designed to lead to a more coherent progression aligned with the CCSS that allows teachers to collaborate when designing lessons and units to improve instructional consistency and professional collaboration.
Being in the Moment
Authors: Alvermann Donna E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis commentary explores the implications of Douglas Rushkoff's Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now (2013) for teachers and the students they teach. In this, his most recent book, Rushkoff argues that in today's digital world all of us are adversely experiencing the effects of technology's capacity to make everything happen faster and to connect more of us to more information on a daily basis than ever before in the history of humankind. He contends that we have been thrust into an endless state of anxiety due to living in an eternal present (the now in Present Shock’s subtitle). In addressing this assumption, the commentary focuses on three of Rushkoff's key ideas that pinpoint how present shock purportedly manifests itself in contemporary literacy practices: that is, through the collapse of traditional narratives, the perceived need to be in more than one place at the same time, and the tendency to engage in forced or imaginary connections.
Using Retrieval Practice and Metacognitive Skills to Improve Content Learning
Authors: Littrell‐Baez Megan K. , Friend Angela , Caccamise Donna , Okochi Christine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClassroom tests have been traditionally used to assess student growth and content mastery. However, a wealth of research in cognitive and educational psychology has demonstrated that retrieval practice (testing) as a form of low‐stakes, rather than traditional high‐stakes testing, can also be used as an effective pedagogical tool, improving long‐term learning, reading comprehension, and metacognition. So, as teachers plan formative assessments to measure their students’ learning, why not design those assessments as retrieval practice activities that simultaneously improve students’ learning as well as assessing it? This article provides recommendations for how teachers can implement retrieval practice in the classroom to assess and optimize content learning.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles increase plasma glucose via reactive oxygen species‐induced insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Hu Hailong , Guo Qian , Wang Changlin , Ma Xiao , He Hongjuan , Oh Yuri , Feng Yujie , Wu Qiong , Gu Ning 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere have been few reports about the possible toxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the endocrine system. We explored the endocrine effects of oral administration to mice of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (0, 64 and 320 mg kg–1 body weight per day to control, low‐dose and high‐dose groups, respectively, 7 days per week for 14 weeks). TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and their physiological distribution was investigated by inductively coupled plasma. Biochemical analyzes included plasma glucose, insulin, heart blood triglycerides (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related markers (total SOD, GSH and MDA). Phosphorylation of IRS1, Akt, JNK1, and p38 MAPK were analyzed by western blotting. Increased titanium levels were found in the liver, spleen, small intestine, kidney and pancreas. Biochemical analyzes showed that plasma glucose significantly increased whereas there was no difference in plasma insulin secretion. Increased ROS levels were found in serum and the liver, as evidenced by reduced total SOD activity and GSH level and increased MDA content. Western blotting showed that oral administration of TiO2 nanoparticles induced insulin resistance (IR) in mouse liver, shown by increased phosphorylation of IRS1 (Ser307) and reduced phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). The pathway by which TiO2 nanoparticles increase ROS‐induced IR were included in the inflammatory response and phosphokinase, as shown by increased serum levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 and increased phosphorylation of JNK1 and p38 MAPK in liver. These results show that oral administration of TiO2 nanoparticles increases ROS, resulting in IR and increasing plasma glucose in mice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher Dietary Calcium Intakes Are Associated With Reduced Risks of Fractures, Cardiovascular Events, and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Men and Women
Authors: Khan Belal , Nowson Caryl A , Daly Robin M , English Dallas R , Hodge Allison M , Giles Graham G , Ebeling Peter R 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The aim of this population-based, prospective cohort study was to investigate long-term associations between dietary calcium intake and fractures, non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and death from all causes. Participants were from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, which was established in 1990 to 1994. A total of 41,514 men and women (∼99% aged 40 to 69 years at baseline) were followed up for a mean (SD) of 12 (1.5) years. Primary outcome measures were time to death from all causes (n = 2855), CVD-related deaths (n = 557), cerebrovascular disease-related deaths (n = 139), incident non-fatal CVD (n = 1827), incident stroke events (n = 537), and incident fractures (n = 788). A total of 12,097 participants (aged ≥50 years) were eligible for fracture analysis and 34,468 for non-fatal CVD and mortality analyses. Mortality was ascertained by record linkage to registries. Fractures and CVD were ascertained from interview ∼13 years after baseline. Quartiles of baseline energy-adjusted calcium intake from food were estimated using a food-frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for quartiles of dietary calcium intake. Highest and lowest quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary calcium intakes represented unadjusted means (SD) of 1348 (316) mg/d and 473 (91) mg/d, respectively. Overall, there were 788 (10.3%) incident fractures, 1827 (9.0%) incident CVD, and 2855 people (8.6%) died. Comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of calcium intake, for all-cause mortality, the HR was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76–0.98, ptrend = 0.01); for non-fatal CVD and stroke, the OR was 0.84 (95% CI 0.70–0.99, ptrend = 0.04) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.51–0.93, ptrend = 0.02), respectively; and the OR for fracture was 0.70 (95% CI 0.54–0.92, ptrend = 0.004). In summary, for older men and women, calcium intakes of up to 1348 (316) mg/d from food were associated with decreased risks for fracture, non-fatal CVD, stroke, and all-cause mortality. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Modeling removal of volatile sulfur compounds in a full‐scale biological air filter
Authors: Liu Dezhao , Feilberg Anders , Hansen Michael Jørgen , Pedersen Claus Lunde , Nielsen Anders Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDH2S and methanethiol, which are important odorants from pig facilities, were unsatisfactorily removed in field biological air filters with short residence time. For a better understanding of the process, this study established a dynamic model for simulation of H2S and methanethiol removal in a three‐stage biological air filter (two stages of biotrickling filter and one stage of biofilter), based on experimental determined mass transfer coefficients and partition coefficients from previous studies.RESULTSThe maximum biodegradation rates for both H2S and methaetniol were estimated to be relatively low, with differences observed for different stages. Further, H2S removal was also observed to be limited by mass transfer, while other parameters such as active water content, biofilm thickness and diffusion coefficient were also shown to affect model performance, indicating the relevance of proper estimation of these parameters. For methanethiol, on the other hand, the model is mainly limited by maximum biodegradation rate.CONCLUSIONOverall, the established model can properly simulate the performance of the field biological air filter for the removal of volatile sulfur compounds. Calibration of model parameters in field conditions may further improve the model precision and robustness for predicting performance of the field biological air filter. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Microfinance Institutions' Mission Drift in Macroeconomic Context
Authors: Xu Shufang , Copestake James , Peng Xinman 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe theoretically discuss the potential macroeconomic influences on microfinance institutions' (MFIs') depth of outreach and provide empirical evidence, using panel analysis, to investigate determinants of average loan balance (ALB) per borrower as a percentage of gross national income per capita, as a proxy indicator for poverty focus or depth of outreach. ALB is found to be positively associated with operational self‐sufficiency, a finding that is consistent with the mission drift hypothesis. But it is also positively associated with the shares in GDP of net foreign direct investment and domestic credit to the private sector. This suggests mission drift is not only associated with MFI‐specific factors but also influenced by macroeconomic context. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of liver fat with respiratory‐gated quantitative chemical shift encoded MRI
Authors: Motosugi Utaroh , Hernando Diego , Bannas Peter , Holmes James H. , Wang Kang , Shimakawa Ann , Iwadate Yuji , Taviani Valentina , Rehm Jennifer L. , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo evaluate free‐breathing chemical shift‐encoded (CSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantification of hepatic proton density fat‐fraction (PDFF). A secondary purpose was to evaluate hepatic R2* values measured using free‐breathing quantitative CSE‐MRI.Materials and MethodsFifty patients (mean age, 56 years) were prospectively recruited and underwent the following four acquisitions to measure PDFF and R2*; 1) conventional breath‐hold CSE‐MRI (BH‐CSE); 2) respiratory‐gated CSE‐MRI using respiratory bellows (BL‐CSE); 3) respiratory‐gated CSE‐MRI using navigator echoes (NV‐CSE); and 4) single voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) as the reference standard for PDFF. Image quality was evaluated by two radiologists. MRI‐PDFF measured from the three CSE‐MRI methods were compared with MRS‐PDFF using linear regression. The PDFF and R2* values were compared using two one‐sided t‐test to evaluate statistical equivalence.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the image quality scores among the three CSE‐MRI methods for either PDFF (P = 1.000) or R2* maps (P = 0.359–1.000). Correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the PDFF comparisons were 0.98 (0.96–0.99) for BH‐, 0.99 (0.97–0.99) for BL‐, and 0.99 (0.98–0.99) for NV‐CSE. The statistical equivalence test revealed that the mean difference in PDFF and R2* between any two of the three CSE‐MRI methods was less than ±1 percentage point (pp) and ±5 s−1, respectively (P < 0.046).ConclusionRespiratory‐gated CSE‐MRI with respiratory bellows or navigator echo are feasible methods to quantify liver PDFF and R2* and are as valid as the standard breath‐hold technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1241–1248.
Fast 4D flow MRI intracranial segmentation and quantification in tortuous arteries
Authors: Schrauben Eric , Wåhlin Anders , Ambarki Khalid , Spaak Erik , Malm Jan , Wieben Oliver , Eklund Anders 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo describe, validate, and implement a centerline processing scheme (CPS) for semiautomated segmentation and quantification in carotid siphons of healthy subjects. 4D flow MRI enables blood flow measurement in all major cerebral arteries with one scan. Clinical translational hurdles are time demanding postprocessing and user‐dependence induced variability during analysis.Materials and MethodsA CPS for 4D flow data was developed to automatically separate cerebral artery trees. Flow parameters were quantified at planes along the centerline oriented perpendicular to the vessel path. At 3T, validation against 2D phase‐contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 4D flow manual processing was performed on an intracranial flow phantom for constant flow, while pulsatile flow validation was performed in the internal carotid artery (ICA) of 10 healthy volunteers. The CPS and 4D manual processing times were measured and compared. Flow and area measurements were also demonstrated along the length of the ICA siphon.ResultsPhantom measurements for area and flow were highly correlated between the CPS and 2D measurements (area: R = 0.95, flow: R = 0.94), while in vivo waveforms were highly correlated (R = 0.93). Processing time was reduced by a factor of 4.6 compared with manual processing. Whole ICA measurements revealed a significantly decreased area in the most distal segment of the carotid siphon (P = 0.0017), with flow unchanged (P = 0.84).ConclusionThis study exhibits fast semiautomated analysis of intracranial 4D flow MRI. Internal consistency was shown through flow conservation along the tortuous ICA siphon, which is typically difficult to assess. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1458–1464.