bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between the effectiveness of solution‐focused brief therapy and the quadripartite model of social competence and a fusion model of these two methods on increasing social adjustment of female students residing in Tehran dormitories
Authors: Saffarpoor Sedigheh , Farahbakhsh Kyomars , Shafiabadi Abdollah , Pashasharifi Hasan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of solution‐focused brief therapy, the quadripartite model of social competence, and a fusion model of these two methods on increasing social competence of female students residing in Tehran dormitories. The studied sample includes 60 patients, randomly placed in three experimental groups and one control group. Analysis of covariance has been used to test the difference between group means. The results demonstrate that all three treatment methods were effective on the increase of social adjustment in the students. While no significant differences were observed between the solution‐focused and the quadripartite model of social competence treatment methods, the combination model exhibits superior efficacy on the increase of social adjustment in the test subjects.
Visfatin and its genetic variants are associated with obesity‐related morbidities and cardiometabolic risk in severely obese children
Authors: Ooi S. Q. , Chan R. M. E. , Poh L. K. S. , Loke K. Y. , Heng C. K. , Chan Y. H. , Gan S. U. , Lee K. O. , Lee Y. S. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryBackgroundVisfatin is an adipokine, associated with obesity and possibly glucose regulation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association of visfatin and its genetic variants with adiposity, cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity‐related morbidities in obese children.MethodsAnthropometric measurements, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan, fasting blood samples and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed for 243 obese children. We screened the visfatin gene of 24 obese subjects and then performed genotyping of identified genetic variants in other 219 obese children through direct DNA sequencing.ResultsFasting serum visfatin correlated with measures of obesity and liver enzymes and was elevated in obese children with abnormal glucose tolerance and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. The two upstream single nucleotide polymorphisms, −3187G>A (rs11977021) and −1537C>T (rs61330082), were at complete linkage disequilibrium. The AA genotype of −3187G>A was associated with higher serum visfatin (6.17 ± 0.76 ng mL−1 vs. 3.92 ± 0.44 ng mL−1) and higher triglyceride (1.39 ± 0.08 mmol L−1 vs. 1.19 ± 0.07 mmol L−1) as compared with the GG genotype. There was also a significant linear increase in serum visfatin across GG to GA to AA genotype of −3187G>A, indicating possible additive effect of A allele. The dominant GA + AA genotype model of +21426G>A (rs2302559) was associated with lower serum visfatin (3.83 ± 0.56 ng mL−1 vs. 5.13 ± 0.34 ng mL−1) and lower plasma glucose (4.37 ± 0.08 mmol L−1 vs. 4.77 ± 0.12 mmol L−1) as compared with the GG genotype.ConclusionVisfatin and its genetic variants were associated with adiposity, obesity‐related morbidities and adverse cardiometabolic parameters. This supported our hypothesis that visfatin plays a significant role in the development of obesity‐related morbidities and cardiometabolic risk.
The moderating effect of nutritional status on depressive symptoms in veteran elders with dementia: a spaced retrieval combined with Montessori‐based activities
Authors: Wu Hua‐Shan , Lin Li‐Chan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the long‐term effects of fixed/individualized spaced retrieval combined with Montessori‐based activities on nutritional status and body mass index and nutritional improvement's moderating effect on depressive symptoms for people with dementia during a specific follow‐up period.BackgroundThe decrease in food intake, often combined with poor nutrition, may induce depressive symptoms in people with dementia.DesignA single‐blind, quasi‐experimental study with repeated measures.MethodsTwenty‐five fixed group participants received spaced retrieval combined with Montessori‐based activities over 24 sessions. Thirty‐eight individualized group participants received the same intervention with different sessions, which was adjusted according to each participant's learning response. Twenty‐seven control group participants just received routine care. The Chinese version of the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia scores and body mass index were recorded at pre‐test, posttest and 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. Data were collected between July 2008–February 2010.ResultsThe Mini‐Nutritional Assessment scores and body mass index of the fixed and individualized groups could be significantly increased over time. Additionally, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia scores could be significantly reduced as a result of the improvement of the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment scores arising from the individualized intervention.ConclusionThe depressive symptoms of residents with dementia could be moderated by the individualized intervention through nutritional improvement. Trained clinical nurse specialists can use this individualized intervention for residents with dementia who also have poor nutrition and depressive symptoms.
The application of Kingdon's Multiple Streams Theory for human papillomavirus‐related anal intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Walhart Tara 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsThis paper presents a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of redefining human papillomavirus‐related anal intraepithelial neoplasia as a problem of sexually active people by using Kingdon's Multiple Streams Theory to examine possible policy solutions for increasing anal cancer screening.BackgroundHuman papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Anal cancer associated with human papillomavirus infections is increasing in incidence in both men and women. The prevalence of anal cancer does not decrease with age.Data sourcePubmed was searched for articles and internet references from 1995–2012.DiscussionAlthough a large body of literature suggests that human papillomavirus‐related anal intraepithelial neoplasia is a problem, no effective policy solutions have emerged. However, as almost the entire sexually active population is exposed to human papillomavirus, it should be thought of as every person's problem. This suggests that human papillomavirus‐related anal intraepithelial neoplasia calls for different types of problem definitions and policy solutions to address the disease. The issue of anal cancer is typically defined as a problem of HIV‐positive individuals.Implications for NursingNurses are focused on improving patient outcomes. We play a key role in helping to identify problems, moving problems onto policymaker's agendas, and influencing the creation of new healthcare policies.ConclusionHuman papillomavirus‐related anal intraepithelial neoplasia demands attention and the development of national level policies to ensure public health and safety. Kingdon's Multiple Streams Theory has provided a pragmatic framework to evaluate the problem.
Polyphasic characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida isolates recovered from salmonid and non‐salmonid fish
Authors: Diamanka A , Loch T P , Cipriano R C , Faisal M 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMichigan's fisheries rely primarily upon the hatchery propagation of salmonid fish for release in public waters. One limitation on the success of these efforts is the presence of bacterial pathogens, including Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of A. salmonicida in Michigan fish, as well as to determine whether biochemical or gene sequence variability exists among Michigan isolates. A total of 2202 wild, feral and hatchery‐propagated fish from Michigan were examined for the presence of A. salmonicida. The examined fish included Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), coho salmon, O. kisutcha (Walbaum), steelhead trout, O. mykiss (Walbaum), Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), and yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Among these, 234 fish yielded a brown pigment‐producing bacterium that was presumptively identified as A. salmonicida. Further phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses identified representative isolates as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and revealed some genetic and biochemical variability. Logistic regression analyses showed that infection prevalence varied according to fish species/strain, year and gender, whereby Chinook salmon and females had the highest infection prevalence. Moreover, this pathogen was found in six fish species from eight sites, demonstrating its widespread nature within Michigan.
Greater Number of Narcotic Analgesic Prescriptions for Osteoarthritis Is Associated with Falls and Fractures in Elderly Adults
Authors: Rolita Lydia , Spegman Adele , Tang Xiaoqin , Cronstein Bruce N. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the changes in types of medications prescribed for pain before and after withdrawal of certain selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) inhibitors in 2004 and to determine whether there was an association with fall events in elderly adults with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA).DesignA nested case–control design using electronic medical records compiled between 2001 and 2009.SettingElectronic medical records for care provided in an integrated health system in rural Pennsylvania over a 9‐year period (2001–09), the midpoint of which rofecoxib and valdecoxib were pulled from the market.ParticipantsThirteen thousand three hundred fifty‐four individuals aged 65 to 89 with a diagnosis of OA.MeasurementsThe incidence of falls and fractures was examined in relation to analgesics prescribed: narcotics, COX‐2 inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The comparison sample of individuals who did not fall was matched 3:1 with those who fell according to age, sex, and comorbidity.ResultsNarcotic analgesic prescriptions were associated with a significantly greater risk of falls and fractures. The likelihood of experiencing a fall/fracture was higher in participants prescribed narcotic analgesics than those prescribed a COX‐2 inhibitor (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5–4.3) or NSAID (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 3.7–4.5).ConclusionUse of narcotic analgesics is associated with risk of falls and fractures in elderly adults with OA, an observation that suggests that the current guidelines for the treatment of pain, which include first‐line prescription of narcotics, should be reevaluated.
Challenges of Antibiotic Prescribing for Assisted Living Residents: Perspectives of Providers, Staff, Residents, and Family Members
Authors: Kistler Christine E. , Sloane Philip D. , Platts‐Mills Timothy F. , Beeber Anna S. , Khandelwal Christine , Weber David J. , Mitchell C. Madeline , Reed David , Chisholm Latarsha , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo better understand the antibiotic prescribing process in assisted living (AL) communities given the growing rate of antibiotic resistance.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingFour AL communities in North Carolina.ParticipantsAssisted living residents who received antibiotics (n = 30) from October 20, 2010, to March 31, 2011, a primary family member, staff, and the prescribing medical provider.MeasurementsSemistructured interviews that were conducted regarding prescribing included the information available at the time of prescribing and the perceptions of the quality of communication between providers, staff, residents and family members about the resident. Providers were asked an open‐ended question regarding how to improve the communication process related to antibiotic prescribing for AL residents.ResultsFor the 30 residents who received antibiotic prescriptions, providers often had limited information about the case and lacked familiarity with the residents, the residents' families, and staff. They also felt that cases were less severe and less likely to require an antibiotic than did residents, families, and staff. Providers identified several ways to improve the communication process, including better written documentation and staff and family presence.ConclusionIn a small sample of AL communities, providers faced an array of challenges in making antibiotic prescribing decisions. This work confirms the complex nature of antibiotic prescribing in AL communities and indicates that further work is needed to determine how to improve the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing.
Selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by MPP+ and its rescue by D2 autoreceptors in Drosophila primary culture
Authors: Wiemerslage Lyle , Schultz Bradley J. , Ganguly Archan , Lee Daewoo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster is widely used to study genetic factors causing Parkinson's disease (PD) largely because of the use of sophisticated genetic approaches and the presence of a high conservation of gene sequence/function between Drosophila and mammals. However, in Drosophila, little has been done to study the environmental factors which cause over 90% of PD cases. We used Drosophila primary neuronal culture to study degenerative effects of a well‐known PD toxin MPP+. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons were selectively degenerated by MPP+, whereas cholinergic and GABAergic neurons were not affected. This DA neuronal loss was because of post‐mitotic degeneration, not by inhibition of DA neuronal differentiation. We also found that MPP+‐mediated neurodegeneration was rescued by D2 agonists quinpirole and bromocriptine. This rescue was through activation of Drosophila D2 receptor DD2R, as D2 agonists failed to rescue MPP+‐toxicity in neuronal cultures prepared from both a DD2R deficiency line and a transgenic line pan‐neuronally expressing DD2R RNAi. Furthermore, DD2R autoreceptors in DA neurons played a critical role in the rescue. When DD2R RNAi was expressed only in DA neurons, MPP+ toxicity was not rescued by D2 agonists. Our study also showed that rescue of DA neurodegeneration by Drosophila DD2R activation was mediated through suppression of action potentials in DA neurons.
A Systematic Review of the Interventions for Nipple Trauma in Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Vieira Flaviana , Bachion Maria Márcia , Mota Dálete Delalibera C. F. , Munari Denize Bouttelet 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeTo identify the most effective interventions to treat nipple trauma in breastfeeding mothers.Design and MethodsSystematic literature review using the PICO strategy. The search was conducted on the electronic information systems Medline‐PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), World Health Organization Library Information System (WHOLIS), Cochrane, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), using standardized and unstandardized descriptors. Studies were selected if they were controlled or uncontrolled randomized clinical trials written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Two reviewers evaluated the studies independently using a guide, and in case there were disagreements, a third reviewer was called on to reach a consensus. Of the 496 studies located, five were included.FindingsThe treatments investigated were lanolin, lanolin in association with breast protection shells, breast milk, hydrogel, adhesive polyethylene film dressings, a spray containing chlorhexidine with alcohol, and distilled water. All the groups in every study received breastfeeding education. The best outcomes for the treatment of nipple trauma used lanolin (recommendation B, evidence level 2) and breast milk (recommendation B, evidence level 2). Although one clinical study was found with positive outcomes resulting from treatment using a spray containing alcohol and chlorhexidine 0.2% (recommendation B, evidence level 2), this treatment modality should be further investigated since literature is not in favor of using antiseptic substances in skin wound treatment.ConclusionsConsidering the treatments investigated, the most favorable evidence indicates the use of lanolin alone or in association with breast protection shells and breast milk expressed and rubbed into the nipple and areola after each feeding session. However, the results obtained in this review are inconclusive, indicating the need for further studies in order to clarify the action of breast milk and lanolin on the damaged tissues, as well as studies involving samples representative of the number needed to treat.Clinical RelevanceThis study provides evidence for nursing practice, thus contributing to the improvement of lactating mothers with nipple trauma care and, consequently, improving the rates of successful breastfeeding as well as the quality of life of breastfeeding mothers.
Important Considerations When Applying for a Postdoctoral Fellowship
Authors: Sherry Daisy , Fennessy Michelle M. , Benavente Viola G. , Ruppar Todd M. , Collins Eileen G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeTo examine important decision points that graduates should consider before applying for a postdoctoral fellowship.MethodsA literature review was performed.Findings and ConclusionsA synthesis of the present data on the postdoctoral fellowship, eligibility criteria, application process, and important considerations was provided. Experiential knowledge from four present postdoctoral fellows was included. The goals, advantages, and disadvantages of the fellowship were discussed. In conclusion, the postdoctoral fellowship was examined to offer important considerations in the decision to pursue this opportunity.Clinical RelevanceThe clinical relevance of this article is related to the training and education of nurses to become the next generation of independent, successful scholars and scientists. Postdoctoral training adds valuable contributions and quality to the field of nursing.
Parental Influences of Sexual Risk Among Urban African American Adolescent Males
Authors: Harris Allyssa L. , Sutherland Melissa A. , Hutchinson M. Katherine 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the influence of parental marital status, parent‐child sexual communication, parent‐child closeness on the HIV‐related knowledge, safer‐sex intentions, and behaviors of late adolescent urban African American males.DesignThe study employed a cross‐sectional design with retrospective recall of salient parental influences and behaviors.MethodsData were collected via paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire from 134 late adolescent African American males, 18 to 22 years of age, recruited from urban communities in and around Boston, Massachusetts. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations, paired t tests, and regression modeling.FindingsYoung men reported greater amounts of sexual communication with mothers than fathers (p < .001). Parent‐child closeness was positively correlated with amount of parent‐child sexual communication with both mothers and fathers (p < .001 for both). Parent‐child closeness was, in turn, associated with greater condom use self‐efficacy (p < .01), less permissive sexual attitudes (p < .001), fewer sexual partners (p < .01), and less unprotected sex (p < .01). Greater amounts of parent‐child sexual communication were associated with fewer sexual risk behaviors, more consistent condom use, and greater intentions to use condoms in the future. There was evidence that parental influences on sexual risk behaviors and condom use intentions were mediated through young men's condom use self‐efficacy, attitudes, and beliefs.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of the parent‐child relationship and the role of parent‐child communication between parents and sons. Further studies are needed to better understand the nature of father‐son communication and develop strategies to help parents communicate effectively with sons.Clinical RelevanceEvidence has shown that African American adolescent males are more likely to engage in high‐risk sexual behaviors. Understanding the sexual risk communication between African American adolescent males and their parents is important to developing strategies in reducing sexual risk behavior.
Bioactive proteins in breast milk
Authors: Lönnerdal Bo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHuman milk contains many proteins that have been shown to be bioactive, but it is still not known whether these activities are exerted in breast‐fed infants. These bioactivities include enzyme activities, enhancement of nutrient absorption, growth stimulation, modulation of the immune system and defence against pathogens. The antimicrobial activities are very diverse, ranging from stimulation of beneficial microorganisms (i.e. prebiotic effects), killing or inhibition of growth of pathogens, to mechanisms preventing attachment or invasion of harmful microorganisms. Among the bioactive proteins are lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin A, haptocorrin, lactoperoxidase, α‐lactalbumin, bile salt stimulated lipase, β‐ and κ‐casein, and tumour growth factor β. Human milk proteins may be largely resistant against digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, be partially digested into bioactive peptides, or be more or less completely digested and utilised as a source of amino acids. These events can be studied using an in vitro digestion model, which is useful for predicting results in human infants. Some bovine milk proteins, for example, lactoferrin and tumour growth factor β, may also resist proteolysis and be capable of exerting bioactivities similar to those of human milk proteins.
Retaining cytotoxic activity of anthrapyridone CO1 against multidrug resistant cells is related to the ability to induce concomitantly apoptosis and lysosomal death of leukaemia HL60/VINC and HL60/DOX cells
Authors: Nowak Robert , Tarasiuk Jolanta 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The effect of anthrapyridone compound CO1 retaining cytotoxic activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) tumour cells on inducing cell death of the sensitive leukaemia HL60 cell line and its MDR sublines (HL60/VINC and HL60/DOX) was examined.

Methods
The effects of CO1 and the reference compound doxorubicin (DOX) on examined cells were analysed by studying their cytotoxicity, drug intracellular accumulation, cell cycle distribution, caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity, Fas expression and lysosomal integrity.

Key findings
CO1 was much less effective at influencing the cell cycle of examined cells than DOX a well-known antitumour drug targeting cellular DNA and causing G2/M checkpoint arrest. CO1 caused much less pronounced appearance of the sub-G1 population and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis, compared with DOX. Significantly lower caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity was also observed in the response of these cells to CO1 compared with DOX treatment. CO1 did not change the expression of the Fas death receptor, characteristic of apoptotic pathways, on the surface of studied cells. Interestingly, the results showed that CO1 caused lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) of the cells, whereas DOX did not perturb the lysosomal integrity of the studied cells.

Conclusions
The results suggest that CO1 could induce LMP-mediated cell death as a main lethal effect in a caspase-independent fashion.