bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional versus Cognitive Rumination: Are They Differentially Affecting Long‐term Psychological Health? The Impact of Stressors and Personality in Dental Students
Authors: Hamesch Ulla , Cropley Mark , Lang Jessica 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the process of recovery from work, rumination is considered as an important mediating variable in the relationship between work demands and psychological health outcomes. Past research differentiated affective rumination from problem‐solving pondering. The aim of the present study was to test a moderated mediation model for these two distinct ruminative states and to show how personality (i.e. neuroticism and conscientiousness) can alter the mediating effect. The present study is based on 119 surveys from dental students with a time lag of 6 months. Participants filled out questionnaires assessing specific study‐relevant performance demands, rumination and personality and a screening measure for psychological health status.Neuroticism was found to moderate the demand‐affective rumination association, but conscientiousness did not moderate the demand–problem‐solving pondering association. Moderated mediation analysis revealed that affective rumination mediates the impact of demands on psychological health only for individuals low in neuroticism. Findings are discussed regarding potential interventions for dental students to prevent negative psychological health outcomes due to increased work‐related demands in the long term. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical study of the effect of file editing patterns on software quality
Authors: Zhang Feng , Khomh Foutse , Zou Ying , Hassan Ahmed E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDevelopers might follow different file editing patterns when handling change requests. Existing research has warned the community about the potential negative impacts of some file editing patterns on software quality. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence to support these claims. In this paper, we propose four metrics to identify four file editing patterns: concurrent editing pattern, parallel editing pattern, extended editing pattern, and interrupted editing pattern. Our empirical study on three open source projects shows that 90% (i.e. 1935 out of 2140) of files exhibit at least one file editing pattern. More specifically (1) files that are edited concurrently by many developers are 1.8 times more likely to experience future bugs than files that are not concurrently edited; (2) files edited in parallel with too many other files by the same developer are 2.9 times more likely to exhibit future bugs than files individually edited; (3) files edited over an extended period of time are 1.9 times more likely to experience future bugs than other files; and (4) files edited with long interruptions have 2.0 times more future bugs than other files. We also observe that the likelihood of future bugs in files experiencing all the four file editing patterns is 3.9 times higher than in files that are never involved in any of the four patterns. We further investigate factors impacting the occurrence of these file editing patterns along three dimensions: the ownership of files, the type of change requests in which the files were involved, and the initial code quality of the files. Results show that a file with a major owner is 0.6 times less likely to exhibit the concurrent editing pattern than files without major owners. Files with bad code quality (e.g. high McCabe's complexity, high coupling between objects, and lack of cohesion) are more likely to experience the four editing patterns. By ensuring a clear ownership and improving code quality, the negative impact of the four patterns could be reduced. Overall, our findings could be used by software development teams to warn developers about risky file editing patterns. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twist-1, A Novel Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Myeloid Lineage Development
Authors: Dong Cheng-Ya , Liu Xiao-Yan , Wang Nan , Wang Li-Na , Yang Bin-Xia , Ren Qian , Liang Hao-Yue , Ma Xiao-Tong 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Transcription factor Twist-1 plays essential roles in specification and differentiation of mesoderm-derived tissues. Growing evidences now link Twist-1 to the acquisition of stem-cell-like properties. However, the role of Twist-1 in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) remains largely uncharacterized. We report that Twist-1 is more highly expressed in murine HSC and its expression declines with differentiation. To investigate Twist-1 gene function, retroviral-mediated overexpression or removal experiments are performed. Competitive repopulation studies demonstrate that enforced expression of Twist-1 in HSC-enriched Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1+ (LKS) cells results in an increase in the size of the G0 population, and in their reconstitution ability after the first and a second transplantation. Conversely, removal of Twist-1 in LKS cells impairs their ability to repopulate. In addition, increased Twist-1 expression causes a shift toward production of myeloid cells. Twist-1 transduction in LKS cells activates myeloid lineage-determining factors PU.1 and GATA-1 and downregulates lymphoid factor GATA-3 in vitro, suggesting that Twist-1-mediated myeloid skewing occurs in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These findings indicate that Twist-1 is not only involved in the maintenance of HSC dormancy and self-renewal capacity but also implicated in the myeloid lineage fate choice of HSPCs. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms reveals that Runx1/c-Mpl/Tie2 regulatory pathway could possibly account for the observed effects caused by Twist-1 overexpression. Our study provides the first evidence supporting a role for Twist-1 in hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2014;32:3173–3182
Dose‐dependent, saturable occupancy of the metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor by fenobam as measured with [11C]ABP688 PET imaging
Authors: Mathews William B. , Kuwabara Hiroto , Stansfield Kirstie , Valentine Heather , Alexander Mohab , Kumar Anil , Hilton John , Dannals Robert F. , Wong Dean F. , Gasparini Fabrizio 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTFenobam is a negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) with inverse agonist activity and is expected to contribute to the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders involving dysfunction of mGluR5 including Fragile X syndrome. This study examined whether [11C]ABP688, an antagonist PET radioligand, competes with fenobam for the same binding site in the nonhuman primate brain and would allow examination of occupancy‐plasma concentration relationships in the evaluation of the drug for target disorders in the human brain. Four paired PET studies with [11C]ABP688 were performed in baboons at a baseline condition and after intravenous treatment with fenobam at different dose levels (0.3–1.33 mg/kg). Total distribution volume (VT) and binding potential (BPND) using the cerebellum as a reference region were obtained by the plasma reference graphical method. Then it was examined whether occupancy follows a dose‐dependent, saturating pattern that was predicted by a modified first‐order Hill equation in individual regions. Baseline regional VT and BPND values agreed with previously published data. Occupancy showed dose‐dependent and saturating patterns in individual regions, reaching >90% occupancy at 1.33 mg/kg dose of fenobam in the majority of regions. To our knowledge, this is the first use of PET to characterize the mGluR5 therapeutic drug fenobam. This study demonstrates a proof of principle for determining the in vivo occupancy of fenobam in primates. The results indicate that [11C]ABP688 and PET may be useful for examination of occupancy of mGluR5 by fenobam, which should prove to be useful for designing future studies and treatment of human disease states. Synapse 68:565–573, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental toxicity, EROD, and CYP1A mRNA expression in zebrafish embryos exposed to dioxin‐like PCB126
Authors: Liu Han , Nie Fang‐Hong , Lin Hong‐Ying , Ma Yi , Ju Xiang‐Hong , Chen Jin‐Jun , Gooneratne Ravi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDioxin‐like PCB126 is a persistent organic pollutant that causes a range of syndromes including developmental toxicity. Dioxins have a high affinity for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A). However, the role of CYP1A activity in developmental toxicity is less clear. To better understand dioxin induced developmental toxicity, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to PCB126 at concentrations of 0, 16, 32, 64, and 128 μg L−1 from 3‐h post‐fertilization (hpf) to 168 hpf. The embryonic survival rate decreased at 144 and 168 hpf. The fry at 96 hpf displayed gross developmental malformations, including pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal curvature, abnormal lower jaw growth, and non‐inflated swim bladder. The pericardial and yolk sac edema rate significantly increased and the heart rate declined from 96 hpf compared with the controls. PCB126 did not alter the hatching rate. To elucidate the mechanism of PCB126‐induced developmental toxicity, we conducted ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) in vivo assay to determine CYP1A enzyme activity, and real‐time PCR to study the induction of CYP1A mRNA gene expression in embryo/larval zebrafish at 24, 72, 96, and 132 hpf. In vivo EROD activity was induced by PCB126 at 16 μg L−1 concentration as early as 72 hpf but significant increases were observed only in zebrafish exposed to 64 and 128 μg L−1 doses (p < 0.005) at 72, 96, and 132 hpf. Induction of CYP1A mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in zebrafish exposed to 32 and 64 μg L−1 at 24, 72, 96, and 132 hpf. Overall, the severe pericardial and yolk sac edema and reduced heart rate suggest that heart defects are a sensitive endpoint, and the general trend of dose‐dependent increase in EROD activity and induction of CYP1A mRNA gene expression provide evidence that the developmental toxicity of PCB126 to zebrafish embryos is mediated by activation of AhR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 201–210, 2016.
On the inference and prediction of DDoS campaigns
Authors: Fachkha Claude , Bou‐Harb Elias , Debbabi Mourad 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis work proposes a distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) inference and forecasting model that aims at providing insights to organizations, security operators, and emergency response teams during and after a DDoS attack. Specifically, our work strives to predict, within minutes, the attacks' features, namely intensity/rate (packets/second) and size (estimated number of used compromised machines/bots). The goal is to understand the future short‐term trend of the ongoing DDoS attack in terms of those features and thus provide the capability to recognize the current as well as future similar situations and hence appropriately respond to the threat. Further, our work aims at investigating DDoS campaigns by proposing a clustering approach to infer various victims targeted by the same campaign and predicting related features. Our analysis employs real darknet data to explore the feasibility of applying the inference and forecasting models on DDoS attacks and evaluate the accuracy of the predictions. To achieve our goal, our proposed approach leverages a number of time series and fluctuation analysis techniques, statistical methods, and forecasting approaches. The extracted inferences from various DDoS case studies exhibit a promising accuracy reaching at some points less than 1% error rate. Further, our approach could lead to a better understanding of the scale, speed, and size of DDoS attacks and generates inferences that could be adopted for immediate response and mitigation. Moreover, the accumulated insights could be used for the purpose of long‐term large‐scale DDoS analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Above 5 cm, Size Does Not Matter Anymore in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Chetana , Mise Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Satoshi , Shindoh Junichi , Ishizawa Takeaki , Aoki Taku , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Makuuchi Masatoshi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundSolitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a good candidate for surgical resection. However, the significance of the size of the tumor in solitary HCC remains unclear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of tumor size on overall and recurrence‐free survival of patients with solitary HCC.MaterialsWe retrospectively reviewed 616 patients with histologically confirmed solitary HCC who underwent curative surgical resection between 1994 and 2010. The characteristics and prognosis of patients with HCC were analyzed stratified by tumor size.ResultsA total of 403 patients (65 %) had tumors <5 cm, 172 (28 %) had tumors between 5 and 10 cm, and 41 (7 %) had tumors >10 cm. The incidence of microvascular invasion, satellite nodules, and advanced tumor grade significantly increased with tumor size. The 5‐year overall and recurrence‐free survival rates of HCC <5 cm were 69.6 % and 32 %, respectively, which were significantly better than those of HCC between 5 and 10 cm (58 % and 26 %, respectively) and HCC >10 cm (53 % and 24 %, respectively). On multivariate analysis, cirrhosis (p = 0.0307), Child–Pugh B (p = 0.0159), indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min >10 % (p = 0.0071), microvascular invasion (p < 0.0001), and satellite nodules (p = 0.0009) were independent predictors of poor survival, whereas tumor size >5 cm was not.ConclusionAlthough recurrence rates are high, surgical resection for solitary HCC offers good overall survival. Tumor size was not a prognostic factor. Solitary large HCC >10 cm would be a good candidate for hepatectomy as well as solitary HCC between 5 and 10 cm.
Time‐Based Trauma‐Related Mortality Patterns in a Newly Created Trauma System
Authors: Abdelrahman Husham , El‐Menyar Ayman , Al‐Thani Hassan , Consunji Rafael , Zarour Ahmad , Peralta Ruben , Parchani Ashok , Latifi Rifat 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground
Data on time‐based trauma mortality (TTM) patterns in developing countries are lacking.ObjectiveOur objective was to analyze the TTM in a newly established trauma center.Methods
A retrospective analysis of all trauma‐related mortality between 2010 and 2012 was conducted in Qatar. Based on the time of injury, deceased cases were categorized into immediate (pre‐hospital), early (first 24 h), and late (>24 h) groups. TTM was analyzed and compared.ResultsA total of 4,966 trauma patients were admitted to the trauma center over 3 years; of them, 333 trauma‐related deaths (6.8 %) were documented and reviewed. The death pattern peaked immediately post‐trauma (n = 142), followed by 96 deaths within the first 24 h, 19 deaths within the time period >24 to 48 h, 50 deaths within the 3rd and 7th day (second peak), and 26 deaths after the 1st week. The majority of the deceased were males, with a mean age of 36 ± 17 years. Motor vehicle crashes (43.5 %) were the commonest mechanism of injury. At presentation, median injury severity score (ISS) was 32 (range 9–75). Bleeding, abdominal, and pelvic injuries were higher in the early group, whereas head injuries were observed more in the late mortality group. Co‐morbidities and in‐hospital complications were predominantly encountered in the late group. Head injury (odds ratio [OR] 3.760; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.311–10.797) was an independent predictor for late death, whereas the need for blood transfusion was a predictor for early death (OR 3.233; 95 % CI 1.125–9.345).ConclusionThe distribution of mortality shows a bimodal pattern. The high rate of death at the scene highlights the importance of pre‐hospital care and the need for injury prevention programs.
Can New Inflammatory Markers Improve the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis?
Authors: Andersson Manne , Rubér Marie , Ekerfelt Christina , Hallgren Hanna Björnsson , Olaison Gunnar , Andersson Roland E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of appendicitis is difficult and resource consuming. New inflammatory markers have been proposed for the diagnosis of appendicitis, but their utility in combination with traditional diagnostic variables has not been tested. Our objective is to explore the potential of new inflammatory markers for improving the diagnosis of appendicitis.MethodsThe diagnostic properties of the six most promising out of 21 new inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]‐6, chemokine ligand [CXCL]‐8, chemokine C–C motif ligand [CCL]‐2, serum amyloid A [SAA], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]‐9, and myeloperoxidase [MPO]) were compared with traditional diagnostic variables included in the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score (right iliac fossa pain, vomiting, rebound tenderness, guarding, white blood cell [WBC] count, proportion neutrophils, C‐reactive protein and body temperature) in 432 patients with suspected appendicitis by uni‐ and multivariable regression models.ResultsOf the new inflammatory variables, SAA, MPO, and MMP9 were the strongest discriminators for all appendicitis (receiver operating characteristics [ROC] 0.71) and SAA was the strongest discriminator for advanced appendicitis (ROC 0.80) compared with defence or rebound tenderness, which were the strongest traditional discriminators for all appendicitis (ROC 0.84) and the WBC count for advanced appendicitis (ROC 0.89). CCL2 was the strongest independent discriminator beside the AIR score variables in a multivariable model. The AIR score had an ROC area of 0.91 and could correctly classify 58.3 % of the patients, with an accuracy of 92.9 %. This was not improved by inclusion of the new inflammatory markers.ConclusionThe conventional diagnostic variables for appendicitis, as combined in the AIR score, is an efficient screening instrument for classifying patients as low‐, indeterminate‐, or high‐risk for appendicitis. The addition of the new inflammatory variables did not improve diagnostic performance further.
On the Effect of Atoms in Solid Solution on Grain Growth Kinetics
Authors: Hersent Emmanuel , Marthinsen Knut , Nes Erik 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The discrepancy between the classical grain growth law in high purity metals (grain size

$$ D \propto t^{1/2} $$

D
∝

t

1
/
2

) and experimental measurements has long been a subject of debate. It is generally believed that a time growth exponent less than 1/2 is due to small amounts of impurity atoms in solid solution even in high purity metals. The present authors have recently developed a new approach to solute drag based on solute pinning of grain boundaries, which turns out to be mathematically simpler than the classic theory for solute drag. This new approach has been combined with a simple parametric law for the growth of the mean grain size to simulate the growth kinetics in dilute solid solution metals. Experimental grain growth curves in the cases of aluminum, iron, and lead containing small amounts of impurities have been well accounted for.
Diffusion tensor imaging correlates of hippocampal sclerosis and anterior temporal lobe T2 signal changes in pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Spitler Kevin , Tirol Francis , Fried Itzhak , Engel Jerome , Salamon Noriko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and purpose Our goal was to determine fiber tract integrity in hippocampal sclerosis (HS) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to correlate white matter damage with other pathology in this disease.Methods Twenty-six patients and eight controls were studied with DTI tractography for 8 pairs of white matter fiber tracts and 2 commissural tracts. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of the fiber tracts was compared with controls. The FA of select fiber tracts was also compared with change in T2 signal in the anterior temporal lobe (ATC), and the performance on neuropsychological tests.Results In comparison with controls, subjects with left sided hippocampal sclerosis (L-HS) had 3 ipsilateral fiber tracts with decreased FA. The FA of fiber tracts was similar in right sided HS (R-HS) to controls. The ipsilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus had a decrease in FA that correlated with the ATC (T2 signal change). The right superior longitudinal fasciculus had a decrease in FA proportional to lower performance on tests of memory and language.Conclusion The subjects with L-HS had more extensive structural abnormalities involving white matter tracts, both ipsilateral and contralateral. In contrast, subjects with R-HS had limited changes in white matter integrity. Pathology of white matter appears to be involved in deficits associated with HS, including ATC and cognitive performance.
Jan Kott's Still Alive
Authors: Marowitz Charles 
Published: August 2014

The trajectory of most books is from the eye to the brain and then out of some imperceptible pee hole at the back of the head. Only occasionally does something that you read enter the bloodstream and become a permanent part of your metabolism. Those are books that become so permanently lodged in the mental archives that they remain on instant recall for the rest of your life. Jan Kott's Still Alive (Yale University Press, 1994) is that kind of book for me.I read it, savouringly, over four or five days, and when I'd finished found scenes and situations recurring in my dreams. An analyst would be able to provide some astute reason why that was so. He would probably prove that it connected up with personal psychic preoccupations triggered by the depicted events, but a critic would have a simpler explanation. He would point out that being vivid, subtle, graphic, and profound, the book fleshed out what was already known in general terms, but here achieved a specificity that made it ineradicably memorable.
Experimental realization of an open cavity
Authors: Ge Xiaochen , He Sailing 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe design and experimental demonstration of an open cavity in the microwave region is presented. The resonance condition is achieved through the cancellation of lightpaths in positive and negative refractive index materials. The positive index material is a structured aluminium surface supporting a spoof surface plasmon mode and the negative index material is a photonic crystal made of alumina. A resonance peak is observed in the measured spectrum at which the electric field distribution agrees with numerical simulation.
Electronic Raman Scattering On Individual Semiconducting Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhu Bairen , Zhang Anmin , Zeng Hualing , Zhang Qingming , Cui Xiaodong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report experimental measurements of electronic Raman scattering by electrons (holes) in individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) under resonant conditions. The Raman scattering at low frequency range reveals a single particle excitation feature. And the dispersion of electronic structure around the center of Brillouin zone of a semiconducting SWNT (14, 13) is extracted.