bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of machine learning models to predict MDRO colonization or infection on ICU admission by using electronic health record data
Authors: Li Yun , Cao Yuan , Wang Min , Wang Lu , Wu Yiqi , Fang Yuan , Zhao Yan , Fan Yong , Liu Xiaoli , Liang Hong , Yang Mengmeng , Yuan Rui , Zhou Feihu , Zhang Zhengbo , Kang Hongjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) pose a significant threat to public health. Intensive Care Units (ICU), characterized by the extensive use of antimicrobial agents and a high prevalence of bacterial resistance, are hotspots for MDRO proliferation. Timely identification of patients at high risk for MDRO can aid in curbing transmission, enhancing patient outcomes, and maintaining the cleanliness of the ICU environment. This study focused on developing a machine learning (ML) model to identify patients at risk of MDRO during the initial phase of their ICU stay.

Methods
Utilizing patient data from the First Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH-ICU) and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV), the study analyzed variables within 24 h of ICU admission. Machine learning algorithms were applied to these datasets, emphasizing the early detection of MDRO colonization or infection. Model efficacy was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), alongside internal and external validation sets.

Results
The study evaluated 3,536 patients in PLAGH-ICU and 34,923 in MIMIC-IV, revealing MDRO prevalence of 11.96% and 8.81%, respectively. Significant differences in ICU and hospital stays, along with mortality rates, were observed between MDRO positive and negative patients. In the temporal validation, the PLAGH-ICU model achieved an AUROC of 0.786 [0.748, 0.825], while the MIMIC-IV model reached 0.744 [0.723, 0.766]. External validation demonstrated reduced model performance across different datasets. Key predictors included biochemical markers and the duration of pre-ICU hospital stay.

Conclusions
The ML models developed in this study demonstrated their capability in early identification of MDRO risks in ICU patients. Continuous refinement and validation in varied clinical contexts remain essential for future applications.
Chinese version of the Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport (TAPAS) scale: testing unidimensionality, measurement invariance, concurrent validity, and known-group validity among Taiwanese youths
Authors: Lin Yi-Ching , Chen Jung-Sheng , Bevan Nadia , O’Brien Kerry S. , Strong Carol , Tsai Meng-Che , Fung Xavier C. C. , Chen Ji-Kang , Lin I-Ching , Latner Janet D. , Lin Chung-Ying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
Psychosocial factors affect individuals’ desire for physical activity. A newly developed instrument (Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport; TAPAS) has been designed to assess the avoidance of physical activity. Considering cultural differences could be decisive factors, the present study aimed to translate and validate the TAPAS into Chinese (Mandarin) for Taiwanese youths, and further cultural comparisons are expected.

Methods
Standard translation procedure (i.e., forward translation, back translation, and reconciliation) was used to translate the English TAPAS into the Chinese TAPAS. Following translation, 608 youths (mean [SD] age 29.10 [6.36] years; 333 [54.8%] women) participated in the study via a snowballing sampling method with an online survey. All participants completed the Chinese TAPAS and additional instruments assessing weight stigma and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the Chinese TAPAS and multigroup CFA to examine measurement invariance across gender (men vs. women) and weight status (overweight vs. non-overweight). Pearson correlations were used to examine the concurrent validity; independent t-tests between gender groups and weight status groups were used to examine the known-group validity.

Results
Consistent with the English version, the Chinese TAPAS was found to have a one-factor structure evidenced by CFA results. The structure was invariant across gender and weight status groups evidenced by multigroup CFA results. Concurrent validity was supported by significant associations with the related constructs assessed (r = 0.326 to 0.676; p < 0.001). Known-group validity was supported by the significant differences in TAPAS total scores between gender and weight status groups (p = 0.004 and < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.24 and 0.48).

Conclusion
The Chinese version of the TAPAS is a valid and reliable instrument assessing individuals’ avoidance of physical activity and sports due to underlying psychosocial issues among Taiwanese youths. It is anticipated to be applied within a large Asian population, as well as cross-cultural comparisons, for further explorations in health, behavioral and epidemiological research and practice.
Comparison of simulation tools for optimizing borehole heat exchanger field operation
Authors: Heim Elisa , Stoffel Phillip , Düber Stephan , Knapp Dominique , Kümpel Alexander , Müller Dirk , Klitzsch Norbert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModel predictive control (MPC) is a promising approach for optimizing the performance of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) in ground-source heat pump systems. The central element of MPC is the forward model that predicts the thermal dynamics in the ground. In this work, we validate the prediction accuracy of four BHE modeling approaches against real-world measurement data across various operational events and timescales. We simulate the fluid temperature leaving a BHE using a fully discretized 3-D numerical model, a resistance–capacitance model, a g-function model, and a hybrid model. The simulated temperatures are compared to measured temperatures using three validation metrics that quantify temperature offset, noise, and accuracy. The main reason for a mismatch between measured and modeled temperatures is a temperature offset of the simulated temperature. To remove this effect, the models were calibrated for their most sensitive parameter, the ground temperature, and their prediction accuracy over 4 years was evaluated. Thereby, model calibration seems to be a viable solution to account for an unknown load history. The results show that the resistance–capacitance model provides decent predictions in the short term and the g-function model in the long term. However, both models are strongly dependent on accurate calibration. The hybrid model provides the most accurate short and long-term predictions and is less dependent on calibration. Still, its integration into optimization syntax poses challenges compared to the other models. Although not yet applied in model predictive control, the hybrid model stands out as a promising choice for optimizing BHE field operations across various timescales.
Mitochondrial oxygen tension in critically ill patients receiving red blood cell transfusions: a multicenter observational cohort study
Authors: Baysan M. , Hilderink B. , van Manen L. , Caram-Deelder C. , Mik E. G. , Juffermans N. P. , van der Bom J. G. , Arbous M. S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Currently, there is no marker of efficacy of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. This study describes the impact of RBC transfusion on mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO2) and mitochondrial oxygen consumption (mitoVO2) in critically ill patients with anemia.

Methods
Critically ill patients with a hemoglobin concentration < 10 g/dL, for whom a single RBC unit had been ordered, were included. MitoPO2 was measured with the COMET device immediately before RBC transfusion, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, and 24 h after RBC transfusion. MitoVO2 was calculated from dynamic mitoPO2 measurements during cessation of local oxygen supply.

Results
Sixty-three patients participated, median age 64.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 52.3–72.8) years, median hemoglobin concentration before transfusion 7.4 (IQR 7.1–7.7) g/dL. Median mitoPO2 values were 55.0 (IQR 49.6–63.0) mmHg before RBC transfusion, 51.0 (IQR 41.5–61.2) directly after and 67.3 (IQR 41.6–83.7) at 24 h after RBC transfusion. Median mitoVO2 values were 3.3 (IQR 2.1–5.9) mmHg/s before RBC transfusion, 3.7 (IQR 2.0–5.1) mmHg/s directly after, and 3.1 (IQR 2.5–4.8) mmHg/s 24 h after RBC transfusion. In the higher Hb concentration group (> 7 g/dL), we saw a dissociation of the effect of RBC transfusion on mitoPO2 versus on mitoVO2 values. MitoPO2 and mitoVO2 values were not associated with commonly used parameters of tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

Conclusion
RBC transfusion did not alter mitoPO2 and mitoVO2 in critically ill patients with anemia. MitoPO2 and mitoVO2 values were not notably associated with Hb concentrations, parameters of severity of illness and markers of tissue perfusion or oxygenation. Given the high baseline value, it cannot be excluded nor confirmed whether RBC can improve low mitoPO2.
Trial registration number NCT03092297 (registered 27 March 2017)
Synthesis of composite films using polymer blends of chitosan and cellulose nanocrystals from marine origin
Authors: Varma Rahul , Vasudevan Sugumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThin films reinforced with chitosan and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were produced using the casting process. In this study, the impact of plasticisers and sizing agents such as glycerol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) respectively on morphological, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties was investigated. The results showed the blends of CNC/PVA/glycerol gave better results when compared to films produced by blends of chitosan/PVA/glycerol films and chitosan/CNC/PVA/glycerol films. The UV spectroscopy showed 65% transmittance for chitosan/PVA/glycerol films, while the film of CNC/PVA/glycerol showed transmittance of 40%. The transmittance of chitosan/CNC/PVA/glycerol showed 75%. The films formed by the combination of CNC/PVA/glycerol showed better stress/strain properties than other films. The films of all combinations showed good thermal stability between the range of 350 and 450 °C. The morphological study using SEM revealed smooth texture for all the films. The study suggests that the films produced may be used for the food packaging applications due to its thermal stability and stress/strain properties.
Who are the immigrants that Israeli Jews prefer? The interplay between reasons for migration, religion, and religiosity
Authors: Raijman Rebeca , Gorodzeisky Anastasia , Semyonov Moshe , Hinz Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of three attributes of migrants – their reasons for migration, religion, and level of religiosity – on public support for allowing migrants to come and live in Israel. We rely on a factorial survey that was conducted in a representative sample of the Israeli Jewish population analyzing the assessments of 600 respondents of various vignettes (N = 3,595) of hypothetical migrants about admitting them to the country. The findings reveal that Israeli Jews do not evaluate all immigrant groups equally. Preferences for specific groups of migrants are primarily structured along two main attributes: religion and reasons for migration. The result is a hierarchical distinction between immigrants of Jewish ancestry and those who are non-Jewish. Jewish repatriates are perceived as “deserving migrants” who can make legitimate claims about belonging to the host society. As such, they enjoy an ethno-religious premium based on ancestral rights. By contrast, there is less support for the entry of non-Jewish migrants, whether asylum seekers or labor migrants, as their presence is viewed as a threat to the Jewish character of the state and the hegemony of the Jewish majority. The impact of the immigrants’ attributes on attitudes varies based on the level of religiosity of the Jewish population, especially in the case of non-Jewish migrants. Support is stronger in the case of secular respondents and much weaker among their more religious counterparts. The findings are discussed in light of existing theories.
Diversity of Bt toxins and their utility in pest management
Authors: Aswathi Narayanadas , Balakrishnan N. , Srinivasan T. , Kokiladevi E. , Raghu R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The rising demand for food production along with the concerns regarding the injudicious use of chemicals in pest management has paved way for the alternatives that could promise sustainable pest management. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt), a soil bacterium, is a potential biopesticide with its ability to produce crystal toxins that are insecticidal in nature.

Main body
This article provides an insight into the diverse Bt toxins and their applications as biopesticides in pest management. The selective action of Bt towards target organism is based on its specific interactions with the insect gut receptors. The significance of Bt in the management of lepidopteran, coleopteran, hemipteran, dipteran and nematode pests of crops and livestock through its mode of action is extensively reviewed.

Conclusion
Besides being a promising pest control option, the challenges faced through resistance development, variation in susceptibility across species and non-target effects of Bt are also discussed. Proactive approaches and multiple modes of action can mitigate this issue.
Multiple integer candidates ambiguity resolution: a unification ambiguity resolution algorithm
Authors: Gu Shengfeng , Fang Lizhe , Jiang Weiping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmong all the ambiguity resolution techniques, the Full Ambiguity Resolution (FAR), Partial Ambiguity Resolution (PAR) and Best Integer Equivariant (BIE) estimator are widely used. Although the researches have been done on the different classes of ambiguity resolution, we still hope to find the relationships among these specific algorithms. In this work, we unify the PAR and FAR algorithms under a whole framework of BIE by applying multiple integer candidates. A concise estimation formula of the variance of Gaussian BIE estimator based on the variance of float solution and the probability distribution of the candidates is first derived. Then, we propose an algorithm named Multiple Integer Candidates Ambiguity Resolution (MICAR) to discover as many ambiguities in the BIE as possible that can be estimated more precisely by PAR (FAR) algorithm instead of BIE. In the experiments, we utilize the simulated data of GPS (Global Positioning System) + BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) + Galileo (Galileo navigation satellite system) to contrast the effects of MICAR and single candidate estimator, i.e., FAR. By taking the threshold of 5 cm at 95% confidence level as an example, MICAR accelerates the convergence process by about 3.0 min. When the positioning sequence converges, MICAR reduces the root mean square of the positioning error by 9.8% in horizontal directions and 3.5% in vertical direction, which is attributed to more fixed NL.
Flexible generation of structured terahertz fields via programmable exchange-biased spintronic emitters
Authors: Wang Shunjia , Qin Wentao , Guan Tongyang , Liu Jingyu , Cai Qingnan , Zhang Sheng , Zhou Lei , Zhang Yan , Wu Yizheng , Tao Zhensheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStructured light, particularly in the terahertz frequency range, holds considerable potential for a diverse range of applications. However, the generation and control of structured terahertz radiation pose major challenges. In this work, we demonstrate a novel programmable spintronic emitter that can flexibly generate a variety of structured terahertz waves. This is achieved through the precise and high-resolution programming of the magnetization pattern on the emitter’s surface, utilizing laser-assisted local field cooling of an exchange-biased ferromagnetic heterostructure. Moreover, we outline a generic design strategy for realizing specific complex structured terahertz fields in the far field. Our device successfully demonstrates the generation of terahertz waves with diverse structured polarization states, including spatially separated circular polarizations, azimuthal or radial polarization states, and a full Poincaré beam. This innovation opens a new avenue for designing and generating structured terahertz radiations, with potential applications in terahertz microscopy, communication, quantum information, and light-matter interactions.
Endobronchial Ultrasonography to Assess and Evaluate Tracheobronchial Tree Invasion in cT4b Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy: Assessment of Resectability
Authors: Defize I. L. , de Groot E. M. , van de Langerijt O. , van Velzen M. , Mook S. , Haj Mohammad N. , Bulbul M. , Ruurda J. P. , van Hillegersberg R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In cT4b esophageal cancer, accurate assessment of tracheobronchial tree invasion after definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) aids in the selection of patients for whom an oncologic radical esophagectomy can be achieved. The current report aimed to determine the accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound in assessing tumor invasion in the tracheobronchial tree after dCRT in patients with cT4b esophageal cancer.

Methods
Esophageal cancer patients with suspicion of tracheobronchial tree invasion on the diagnostic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) who underwent a staging endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) were eligible for inclusion in this study. To assess the accuracy of the EBUS in assessing tumor ingrowth in the tracheobronchial tree after dCRT, patients who had an EBUS during restaging and underwent surgery were included in the final analysis.

Results
The final analysis included 26 patients. For 18 (90%) of 20 patients in whom the anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree was restored on the restaging EBUS and tumor invasion was considered to be absent, a radical esophagectomy was achieved. In six patients, persistent ingrowth was observed during the restaging EBUS. For these patients, the EBUS was repeated after a median of 9 weeks. Tumor invasion was considered to be absent in four patients, and a radical resection was achieved in three of these patients.

Conclusion
The EBUS provides valuable information on the assessment of tracheobronchial tree invasion in cT4b esophageal cancer patients after dCRT. This information could aid in the proper selection of patients who benefit from a curative but highly invasive esophagectomy.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: a complex case of teratogenic effects of maternal alcohol consumption and clinical managment
Authors: Koziej Sylwia , Kowalczyk Emilia , Borkowska Joanna , Bajorek Julia 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a well-documented risk factor for adverse fetal outcomes, encompassing a spectrum of disorders known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the most severe form of FASD, manifests with craniofacial anomalies, growth retardation, neurological deficits, and cognitive impairments, imposing lifelong challenges on affected individuals.
This article presents a case report of a 4-week-old female newborn with suspected Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, highlighting the clinical complexities and diagnostic challenges associated with FAS. The infant exhibited characteristic dysmorphic features and cardiac abnormalities, underscoring the diverse spectrum of health issues linked to maternal alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

A presented case report illustrating the clinical complexities of FAS underscores the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management. Early identification of FAS is imperative to mitigate long-term outcomes, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to clinical care. Strategies for addressing maternal alcohol consumption include targeted education, preconception counseling, and innovative therapeutic modalities.
This case report underscores the need for ongoing research and collaborative efforts to reduce the prevalence and impact of FASD on affected individuals and society.
Peyronie's disease - a condition affecting many
Authors: Łoś Dawid , Nowak Aleksandra , Janus Anita , Kaptur Agata , Dziedziński Dawid 
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Peyronie’s Disease (PD) is an acquired connective tissue disorder resulting in abnormal healing of the tunica albuginea causing abnormal curvature, narrowing and shortening of the penis, can also lead to difficulties in coitus. In affecting up to 13% of the adult male population, it can also be a major psychological issue, therefore many of existing therapeutic options are worth looking into. This article provides a review of current knowledge about etiology and ways of treatment as well as a closer look into the impact on mental health among males affected with PD

Review methods

English-language scientific literature found in PubMed was used for the review. Articles were searched based on keywords. Each article was analyzed for knowledge currency and relevance for use in the review.

Description of the State of Knowledge

After searching the articles, 32 articles were selected for final analysis. The collected data provided the latest information on Peyronie’s disease while showing the connection between Peyronie’s disease and overexpression of HLA-B7 antigen, TGF-β1, anti DNA, antinuclear and anti elastin antibodies. The treatment could be non-invasive, intralesional or surgical.

Summary

Peyronie’s disease is a condition that requires a holistic approach with physical difficulties being as important as a patient's mental health.
Can Artificial Intelligence help provide more sustainable feed-back?
Authors: Puertas Prats Eloi , Cano García María Elena 
Published: July 2024

Peer assessment is a strategy wherein students evaluate the level, value, or quality of their peers' work within the same educational setting. Research has demonstrated that peer evaluation processes positively impact skill development and academic performance. By applying evaluation criteria to their peers' work and offering comments, corrections, and suggestions for improvement, students not only enhance their own work but also cultivate critical thinking skills. To effectively nurture students' role as evaluators, deliberate and structured opportunities for practice, along with training and guidance, are essential.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can offer a means to assess peer evaluations automatically, ensuring their quality and assisting students in executing assessments with precision. This approach allows educators to focus on evaluating student productions without necessitating specialized training in feedback evaluation.

This paper presents the process developed to automate the assessment of feedback quality. Through the utilization of feedback fragments evaluated by researchers based on pre-established criteria, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Large Language Model (LM) was trained to achieve automated evaluation. The findings show the similarity between human evaluation and automated evaluation, which allows expectations to be generated regarding the possibilities of AI for this purpose. The challenges and prospects of this process are discussed, along with recommendations for
optimizing results.

Artificial intelligence can offer a means to assess peer evaluations automatically, ensuring their quality and assisting students in executing assessments with precision. This approach allows educators to focus on evaluating student productions without necessitating specialized training in feedback evaluation.
This paper presents the process developed to automate the assessment of feedback quality. Through the utilization of feedback fragments evaluated by researchers based on pre-established criteria, an artificial intelligence Large Language Model was trained to achieve automated evaluation. The challenges and prospects of this process are discussed, along with recommendations for optimizing results.