bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Facile Synthesis of Ru‐Based Core–Shell Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Black and Their High Catalytic Activity in the Dehydrogenation of Amine‐Boranes
Authors: Cao Nan , Su Jun , Hong Xinlin , Luo Wei , Cheng Gongzhen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWell‐dispersed core–shell Ru@M (M=Co, Ni, Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on carbon black have been synthesized via a facile in situ one‐step procedure under ambient condition. Core‐shell Ru@Co NPs were synthesized and characterized for the first time. The as‐synthesized Ru@Co and Ru@Ni NPs exhibit superior catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane compared with their monometallic and alloy counterparts. The Ru@Co/C NPs are the most reactive, with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 320 (mol min−1) molRu−1 and activation energy (Ea) of 21.16 kJ mol−1. Ru@Ni/C NPs are the next most active, whereas Ru@Fe/C NPs are almost inactive. Additionally, the as‐synthesized NPs supported on carbon black exhibit higher catalytic activity than catalysts on other conventional supports, such as SiO2 and γ‐Al2O3.
Extended Elementary Siphons and Their Application to Liveness‐Enforcement of Generalized Petri Nets
Authors: Hou YiFan , Li ZhiWu , Al‐Ahmari Abdulrahman M. , El‐Tamimi Abdul‐Aziz Mohammed , Nasr Emad Abouel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAs a significant structural object, siphons are extensively employed to implement a large number of deadlock prevention and liveness‐enforcing methods for flexible manufacturing systems modeled by Petri nets. By linear combinations, a set of elementary siphons is chosen from all strict minimal ones to be controlled and thus the structural complexity of a supervisor is greatly reduced. The concept of elementary siphons is originally proposed for ordinary Petri nets. When applied to generalized Petri nets, their selection and controllability require an additional study. In this work, the concept of augmented siphons is proposed to extend the application of the elementary ones to a class of generalized Petri nets, GLS3PR. Based on graph theory, a siphon extraction algorithm is developed to obtain all strict minimal siphons, from which augmented elementary ones are computed. In addition, the controllability conditions of dependent siphons are developed. Through fully investigating the net structure, especially weight information, the set of augmented elementary siphons is more compact and well suits for generalized Petri net models under consideration. Some examples are used to illustrate the proposed method.
Maximally Permissive Petri Net Supervisors for Flexible Manufacturing Systems with Uncontrollable and Unobservable Transitions
Authors: Chen YuFeng , Barkaoui Kamel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a deadlock prevention policy to obtain behaviorally optimal supervisors for flexible manufacturing systems with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions. The conditions of uncontrollability and unobservability of transitions are revealed in the sense of the implementation of a Petri net supervisor. Then, integer linear programming models are designed to obtain a Petri net supervisor such that all legal markings are reachable and the number of control places is reduced. We also show that a controllable transition can be unobservable and self‐loops can be used to disable the transition but do not observe its firing. Finally, examples are provided to illustrate the proposed approach.
The Framework for Linear Periodic Time‐Delay Systems Based on Semi‐Discretization: Stability Analysis and Control
Authors: Shao Chenhui , Sheng Jie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStability analysis and control for linear periodic time‐delay systems are investigated in this paper. In this framework, a semi‐discretization method is used to develop a mapping of the system response in a finite‐dimensional state space. With the mapping, the stability region and stability boundary can be identified by comparing the maximum absolute value of its eigenvalues to 1. More importantly, an efficient stability criterion is presented for periodic neutral systems. In addition, minimization of the maximum absolute value of the mapping's eigenvalues leads to optimal control gains. The tracking control problem is also discussed. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Enhanced antiamyloidal activity of hydroxy cinnamic acids by enzymatic esterification with alkyl alcohols
Authors: Kondo Hazuki , Sugiyama Haruka , Katayama Shigeru , Nakamura Soichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLipophilic derivatives of hydroxyl cinnamic acids (HCAs) including caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid, sinapic acid (SA), and chlorogenic acid were synthesized by esterification with butanol, octanol, or hexadecanol catalyzed by the lipase from Candida antarctica to investigate the effect of lipophilicity on their antiamyloidal activity assessed by the inhibitory activities toward fibrillization of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. Among them, CA showed the highest activity at 50 μM, reducing the amyloid fibril formation of Aβ to 34.4 ± 6.8%. The antiamyloidal effects of HCAs were enhanced by esterification with alkyl alcohols, and the longer alkyl chain tended to be more effective except for SA. Aβ fibril formation was suppressed by the hexadecyl ester of CA, which was reduced to 8.8 ± 2.3%. In contrast, those of octyl and butyl esters were 19.3 ± 2.3% and 41.6 ± 6.1%, respectively. These results show that lipophilicity plays an important role in the antiamyloidal activities of esterified phenolic compounds.
Ras/PKA signal transduction pathway participates in the regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell apoptosis in an acidic environment
Authors: Lastauskienė Eglė , Zinkevičienė Auksė , Čitavičius Donaldas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe acidification of the medium is observed during yeast cell growth. This process contributes to the emission of organic acids, mainly acetic acid. Acetic acid is known as the inducer of apoptosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we showed that hydrochloric acid can also induce apoptosis in yeast cells, and the apoptotic phenotype triggered by treating yeast cells with hydrochloric acid is modulated by the Ras/PKA pathway. The Ras/PKA pathway is highly conserved between all eukaryotic organisms, as well as cell processes that are related to apoptosis and aging. In this research, we demonstrated that the activation of the Ras/PKA pathway by insertion of Ras2Val19 allele or deletion of PDE2 gene increases cell death, displaying the markers of apoptosis in an acidic environment. Downregulation of the pathway by deletion of RAS2, RAS1, PDE1, and insertion of the Ha‐ras gene increases the cell viability and diminishes cell death with the apoptotic phenotypes. The deletion of PDE1 gene and double deletion of both phosphodiesterase genes prevent the induction of apoptosis in the cells. Modulations in the Ras/PKA pathway affect cell viability and apoptosis during natural gradual acidification of the medium as well as in acid stress conditions.
Individual Differences in Antisocial Punishment in Public Goods Situations: The Interplay of Cortisol with Testosterone and Dominance
Authors: Pfattheicher Stefan , Landhäußer Anne , Keller Johannes 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis research investigates which endocrinological and psychological factors are associated with individuals' tendency to engage in destructive antisocial punishment, that is, to costly punish cooperative individuals in public goods situations. In this work, we focus on the interplay of endogenous cortisol with testosterone and dominance. We applied the dual‐hormone hypothesis according to which testosterone is positively associated with destructive and dominant behavior but only in individuals with low levels of cortisol. Study 1 shows that individuals are more likely to engage in destructive antisocial punishment in a public goods game with the option to punish when their testosterone level is high, given that their level of cortisol is low, which bolsters the dual‐hormone hypothesis. In contrast, no significant interaction effect of testosterone and cortisol emerges for the punishment of uncooperative free‐riders (altruistic punishment). In a second study, we build on these findings and document that self‐reported dominance is only positively associated with antisocial punishment (but not with altruistic punishment) when cortisol is low. In sum, the results indicate the importance of taking endocrinological and psychological factors (and their interactions) into account in order to reach a comprehensive understanding of individuals' behavior in social dilemma situations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A traffic-light coding system to organize emergency surgery across surgical disciplines
Authors: Leppäniemi A , Jousela I 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Emergency surgery is associated with night-time procedures and disruption of elective surgery. An analysis was undertaken of the effect of classifying emergency operations uniformly with a three-tier urgency colour code and the use of dedicated daytime operating rooms.

Methods
Observed changes from 2001 to 2012 in the number, timing and ability to meet the urgency-designated colour code deadline were retrieved from the computer-based operating theatre organization system for all emergency operations.

Results
The number of emergency operations performed annually ranged from 3330 to 4341, with an increasing trend. The proportion of night-time emergency operations decreased from 27·4 per cent (2563 of 9347) before to 23·5 per cent (7731 of 32 959) after introduction of the colour coding system in 2004 (χ2 = 61·94, 1 d.f., P &lt; 0·001). In 2007, owing to long preoperative delays in patients with acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis, colour codes for these patients were upgraded from ‘orange’ to ‘red’ and from ‘yellow’ to ‘orange’ respectively. The proportion of patients operated on with a red code before and after this change increased from 45·2 per cent (5831 of 12 907 operations) to 62·7 per cent (13 020 of 20 778 operations; χ2 = 986·99, 1 d.f., P &lt; 0·001). In 2012, the office-hours raw utilization time for the principal emergency operation theatre was 85·4 per cent.

Conclusion
The structural separation of elective and emergency surgery, the use of dedicated daytime operating theatres and the implementation of a universal classification of emergency operations reduced night-time surgery, improved the efficiency of operating theatre utilization during daytime, shortened preoperative delay in patients requiring urgent surgery, and enabled monitoring and corrective actions for providing emergency surgery services.
Staged multidisciplinary step-up management for necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: da Costa D W , Boerma D , van Santvoort H C , Horvath K D , Werner J , Carter C R , Bollen T L , Gooszen H G , Besselink M G , Bakker O J 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Some 15 per cent of all patients with acute pancreatitis develop necrotizing pancreatitis, with potentially significant consequences for both patients and healthcare services.

Methods
This review summarizes the latest insights into the surgical and medical management of necrotizing pancreatitis. General management strategies for the treatment of complications are discussed in relation to the stage of the disease.

Results
Frequent clinical evaluation of the patient's condition remains paramount in the first 24–72 h of the disease. Liberal goal-directed fluid resuscitation and early enteral nutrition should be provided. Urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is indicated when cholangitis is suspected, but it is unclear whether this is appropriate in patients with predicted severe biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis. Antibiotic prophylaxis does not prevent infection of necrosis and antibiotics are not indicated as part of initial management. Bacteriologically confirmed infections should receive targeted antibiotics. With the more conservative approach to necrotizing pancreatitis currently advocated, fine-needle aspiration culture of pancreatic or extrapancreatic necrosis will less often lead to a change in management and is therefore indicated less frequently. Optimal treatment of infected necrotizing pancreatitis consists of a staged multidisciplinary ‘step-up’ approach. The initial step is drainage, either percutaneous or transluminal, followed by surgical or endoscopic transluminal debridement only if needed. Debridement is delayed until the acute necrotic collection has become ‘walled-off’.

Conclusion
Outcome following necrotizing pancreatitis has improved substantially in recent years as a result of a shift from early surgical debridement to a staged, minimally invasive, multidisciplinary, step-up approach.
Accuracy of MRI compared with ultrasound imaging and selective use of CT to discriminate simple from perforated appendicitis
Authors: Leeuwenburgh M M N , Wiezer M J , Wiarda B M , Bouma W H , Phoa S S K S , Stockmann H B A C , Jensch S , Bossuyt P M M , Boermeester M A , Stoker J , Gratama J W C , Houdijk A P J , Richir M , Spilt A , van Es H W , Verhagen M F , Vrouenraets B C , Cobben L P J 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Discrimination between simple and perforated appendicitis in patients with suspected appendicitis may help to determine the therapy, timing of surgery and risk of complications. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in distinguishing between simple and perforated appendicitis, and to compare MRI against ultrasound imaging with selected additional (conditional) use of computed tomography (CT).

Methods
Patients with clinically suspected appendicitis were identified prospectively at the emergency department of six hospitals. Consenting patients underwent MRI, but were managed based on findings at ultrasonography and conditional CT. Radiologists who evaluated the MRI were blinded to the results of ultrasound imaging and CT. The presence of perforated appendicitis was recorded after each evaluation. The final diagnosis was assigned by an expert panel based on perioperative data, histopathology and clinical follow-up after 3 months.

Results
MRI was performed in 223 of 230 included patients. Acute appendicitis was the final diagnosis in 118 of 230 patients, of whom 87 had simple and 31 perforated appendicitis. MRI correctly identified 17 of 30 patients with perforated appendicitis (sensitivity 57 (95 per cent confidence interval 39 to 73) per cent), whereas ultrasound imaging with conditional CT identified 15 of 31 (sensitivity 48 (32 to 65) per cent) (P = 0·517). All missed diagnoses of perforated appendicitis were identified as simple acute appendicitis with both imaging protocols. None of the MRI features for perforated appendicitis had a positive predictive value higher than 53 per cent.

Conclusion
MRI is comparable to ultrasonography with conditional use of CT in identifying perforated appendicitis. However, both strategies incorrectly classify up to half of all patients with perforated appendicitis as having simple appendicitis. Triage of appendicitis based on imaging for conservative treatment is inaccurate and may be considered unsafe for decision-making.
Presented to a scientific meeting of the Association of Surgeons of the Netherlands, Veldhoven, The Netherlands, May 2012; published in abstract form as Br J Surg 2012; 99(Suppl 7): S6
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of (S)‐Valine Thiazole‐Derived Cyclic and Noncyclic Peptidomimetic Oligomers as Modulators of Human P‐Glycoprotein (ABCB1)
Authors: Singh Satyakam , Prasad Nagarajan Rajendra , Kapoor Khyati , Chufan Eduardo E. , Patel Bhargav A. , Ambudkar Suresh V. , Talele Tanaji T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMultidrug resistance caused by ATP binding cassette transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) through extrusion of anticancer drugs from the cells is a major cause of failure in cancer chemotherapy. Previously, selenazole‐containing cyclic peptides were reported as P‐gp inhibitors and were also used for co‐crystallization with mouse P‐gp, which has 87 % homology to human P‐gp. It has been reported that human P‐gp can simultaneously accommodate two to three moderately sized molecules at the drug binding pocket. Our in silico analysis, based on the homology model of human P‐gp, spurred our efforts to investigate the optimal size of (S)‐valine‐derived thiazole units that can be accommodated at the drug binding pocket. Towards this goal, we synthesized varying lengths of linear and cyclic derivatives of (S)‐valine‐derived thiazole units to investigate the optimal size, lipophilicity, and structural form (linear or cyclic) of valine‐derived thiazole peptides that can be accommodated in the P‐gp binding pocket and affects its activity, previously an unexplored concept. Among these oligomers, lipophilic linear (13) and cyclic trimer (17) derivatives of QZ59S‐SSS were found to be the most and equally potent inhibitors of human P‐gp (IC50=1.5 μM). As the cyclic trimer and linear trimer compounds are equipotent, future studies should focus on noncyclic counterparts of cyclic peptides maintaining linear trimer length. A binding model of the linear trimer 13 within the drug binding site on the homology model of human P‐gp represents an opportunity for future optimization, specifically replacing valine and thiazole groups in the noncyclic form.
Cold Rich Bypass to Strippers for CO2 Capture by Concentrated Piperazine
Authors: Van Wagener David H. , Rochelle Gary T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCold rich bypass to the stripper in CO2 capture by alkanolamines will usually reduce the total heat duty. Bypass reduces the stripping steam in the overhead vapor and balances the temperature approach in the main cross exchanger. This process improvement reduces the energy requirement of any configuration, but it is most beneficial when the overhead vapor is not already countercurrently contacted with incoming rich solution. Therefore, the 2‐stage flash configuration was evaluated in this work, and it had an improvement of 11 % over the no bypass case. Its improvement was better than what was observed with a simple stripper and interheated column. An optimized cool rich bypass for a pilot scale 2‐stage reduces the equivalent work.
How fruit developmental biology makes use of flow cytometry approaches
Authors: Pirrello Julien , Bourdon Matthieu , Cheniclet Catherine , Bourge Mickaël , Brown Spencer C. , Renaudin Jean‐Pierre , Frangne Nathalie , Chevalier Christian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFleshy fruit species such as tomato are important because of their nutritional and economic value. Several stages of fruit development such as ovary formation, fruit set, and fruit maturation have already been the subject of many developmental studies. However, fruit growth per se has been much less addressed. Fruit growth like all plant organs depends upon the developmental processes of cell division and cell expansion. The activity of cell divisions sets the number of cells that will compose the fruit; the cell expansion activity then determines its final size. Among the various mechanisms that may influence the determination of cell size, endopolyploidy by the means of endoreduplication, i.e. genome amplification in the absence of mitosis, appears to be of great importance in fleshy fruits. In tomato fruit, endoreduplication is associated with DNA‐dependent cell expansion: cell size can reach spectacular levels such as hundreds of times its initial size (e.g. >0.5 mm in diameter), with as much as a 256‐fold increase in nuclear DNA content. Using tomato fruit development as a model, recent investigations combining the use of flow cytometry, cellular imaging and molecular analyses have provided new data in favor of the long‐standing karyoplasmic ratio theory, stating that cells tend to adjust their cytoplasmic volume to the nuclear DNA content. By establishing a highly structured cellular system where multiple physiological functions are integrated, endoreduplication acts as a morphogenetic factor supporting cell growth during tomato fruit development. In the context of plant breeding, deciphering the mechanisms controlling fruit growth, in particular those connecting the process of nuclear endoreduplication with modulation of gene expression, the regulation of cell size and final fruit size and composition, is necessary to understand better the establishment of fleshy fruit quality traits. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Bulimia nervosa patient diagnosed with previously unsuspected ADHD in adulthood: Clinical case report, literature review, and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Ioannidis Konstantinos , Serfontein Jaco , Müller Ulrich 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThere is increasing literature suggesting a link between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders (EDs), especially bulimia nervosa. ADHD is under‐diagnosed in girls and children of high intelligence are typically missed. We identified a case of a 23‐year‐old woman suffering from severe bulimia nervosa and previously unsuspected ADHD in adulthood; we diagnosed and treated her with extended‐release methylphenidate. We performed a literature review on the ADHD and bulimia nervosa comorbidity. We discuss the reasons why her ADHD remained undiagnosed and the difficulties in diagnosing ADHD in patients with EDs. We suggest that identifying comorbid ADHD is crucial for these patients and argue for the use of a structured interview, collateral history and investigation of onset of symptoms to establish a diagnosis of ADHD in adults with bulimia nervosa. Comorbidities and overlap of symptomatology need to be taken into account. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:431–436)
The evolution of birdsong on islands
Authors: Morinay Jennifer , Cardoso Gonçalo C. , Doutrelant Claire , Covas Rita 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIslands are simplified, isolated ecosystems, providing an ideal set‐up to study evolution. Among several traits that are expected to change on islands, an interesting but poorly understood example concerns signals used in animal communication. Islands are typified by reduced species diversity, increased population density, and reduced mate competition, all of which could affect communication signals. We used birdsong to investigate whether there are systematic changes in communication signals on islands, by undertaking a broad comparison based on pairs of closely related island‐mainland species across the globe. We studied song traits related to complexity (number of different syllables, frequency bandwidth), to vocal performance (syllable delivery rate, song duration), and also three particular song elements (rattles, buzzes, and trills) generally implicated in aggressive communication. We also investigated whether song complexity was related to the number of similar sympatric species. We found that island species were less likely to produce broadband and likely aggressive song elements (rattles and buzzes). By contrast, various aspects of song complexity and performance did not differ between island and mainland species. Species with fewer same‐family sympatric species used wider frequency bandwidths, as predicted by the character release hypothesis, both on continents and on islands. Our study supports the hypothesis of a reduction in aggressive behavior on islands and suggests that discrimination against closely related species is an important factor influencing birdsong evolution.