bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pós-Graduação em Contabilidade - Um Estudo Comparativo Em Cinco Países
Authors: Reina Donizete , Maximiano Reina Diane Rossi , Soares da Silva Harley Almeida , Ensslin Sandra Rolim 
Published: May 2013

A literatura aponta uma carência de professores na área de Contabilidade. E, para alguns autores, essa carência está relacionada ao alto preço a se pagar para realização de uma pós-graduação na área. Assim,este estudo tem como objetivo mapear algumas características de programas de pós-graduação em Contabilidade nas universidades situadas em países cujo idioma oficial é a língua inglesa. Esta pesquisa é descritiva, teórica-conceitual, qualitativa, e possui lógica indutiva. Principais resultados: nos Estados Unidos, 71% dos programas analisados solicitam de seus candidatos conhecimentos em contabilidade, finanças, economia, tributos, estatística e matemática; 75% das universidades Australiana requerem o TOEFL, 20% requerem o GPA enquanto 10% requerem o GMAT; 88% das instituições que ofertam mestrados em contabilidade têm como foco melhorar a qualificação profissional dos contadores; na Austrália, 30% dos programas têm a duração de 18 meses, já 66% dos programas no Canadá e 50% da Nova Zelândia possuem período máximo de dois anos para o término; além disso, 82% das universidades exigem uma quantidade entre quatro e nove disciplinas obrigatórias, dentre outros resultados. Conclui-se que os cursos de mestrado oferecidos nos Estados Unidos e Reino Unido são relativamente mais exigentes em relação aos requisitos de formação do mestre em Contabilidade.Palavras-chave: mestrado em contabilidade; programa de pós-graduação; características dos programas; avaliação de programas.
Perfil e Crescimento dos Temas "Governança Corporativa" e "Estratégia": Uma Análise dos Últimos 11 Anos nos Periódicos da Área de Administração no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique César Melo , Muritiba Sérgio Nunes , Muritiba Patricia Morilha 
Published: May 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o perfil das pesquisas e a evolução dos temas "governança corporativa" e "estratégia" em conjunto nos artigos publicados nas Revistas Qualis B2 a A1, no período de 2000 a 2010. Analisaram-se 79 artigos publicados no referido período. Investigaram-se os seguintes aspectos: o crescimento dos temas e periódicos de destaque; as características de autoria; os autores com maior produção nestes temas; as referências mais citadas; as referências por período e as abordagens metodológicas. Foi um estudo bibliométrico, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando a estatística descritiva. Observou-se que os temas "governança corporativa" e "estratégia" estão em constante desenvolvimento teórico e metodológico; verificou-se que ambos os temas são interdisciplinares entre si; constatou-se que as publicações com os temas relacionados estão crescendo em número e em qualidade. Em suma, este estudo mostra que há grandes oportunidades para o crescimento e a consolidação dos temas "governança corporativa" e "estratégia" na literatura acadêmica nacional.Palavras-chave:governança corporativa; estratégia; análise bibliométrica.
O Desenvolvimento de Competências Empreendedoras na Administração Pública: Um Estudo Com Empreendedores Corporativos na Prefeitura de Blumenau, Santa Catarina
Authors: Lenzi Fernando Cesar , Ramos Flavio , Maccari Emerson Antonio , Martens Cristina Dai Pra 
Published: May 2013

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as competências dos empreendedores corporativos ligados à administração pública. Foi realizada por meio de uma pesquisa com 25 servidores públicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de projetos inovadores na Prefeitura de Blumenau, em Santa Catarina, cidade que é caracterizada pela excelência em projetos de inovação e desenvolvimento de ações empreendedoras. A pesquisa ressalta que os resultados inovadores têm sua origem em comportamentos manifestos por estes indivíduos a partir do ambiente propício estimulado por um programa de empreendedorismo corporativo. O Programa de Inovação e Melhoria – PIM busca capacitar e desenvolver os servidores públicos para serem empreendedores em suas atividades. Os resultados apontam as seguintes competências empreendedoras que mais se destacam: a) comprometimento; b) busca de informações; c) persistência; d) planejamento e monitoramento sistemático; e) persuasão; e f) rede de contatos. Assim, pode-se afirmar que, ao se desenvolver estas competências, os servidores públicos estarão mais preparados para empreender e inovar.Palavras-chave: empreendedor corporativo; competências empreeendedoras; administração pública.
Estimation of Risk Ratios in Cohort Studies with a Common Outcome: A Simple and Efficient Two-stage Approach
Authors: Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe risk ratio effect measure is often the main parameter of interest in epidemiologic studies with a binary outcome. In this paper, the author presents a simple and efficient two-stage approach to estimate the risk ratios directly, which does not directly rely on consistency for an estimate of the baseline risk. This latter property is a key advantage of the approach over existing methods, because, unlike these other methods, the proposed approach obviates the need to restrict the predicted risk probabilities to fall below one, in order to recover efficient inferences about risk ratios. An additional appeal of the approach is that it is easy to implement. Finally, when the primary interest is in the effect of a specific binary exposure, a simple doubly robust closed-form estimator is derived, for the multiplicative effect of the exposure. Specifically, we show how one can adjust for confounding by incorporating a working regression model for the propensity score so that the correct inferences about the multiplicative effect of the exposure are recovered if either this model is correct or a working model for the association between confounders and outcome risk is correct, but both do not necessarily hold.
Nanomedicine in diagnostics and therapy of cardiovascular diseases: beyond atherosclerotic plaque imaging
Authors: Cicha Iwona , Lyer Stefan , Alexiou Christoph , Garlichs Christoph D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAtherosclerosis results from the accumulation of the modified lipoproteins within the artery walls, which triggers complex vascular inflammatory processes. Although the pharmacologic agents for the treatment of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are available, their systemic delivery has serious disadvantages, such as considerable side effects or low efficacy at tolerated doses. Moreover, the treatment of atherosclerosis using the interventional techniques bears further shortcomings: the implanted stents require a lengthy antiplatelet therapy and carry the risk of in-stent restenosis. In the surgical approach to atherosclerosis, apart from the overall risk of open heart surgery, the lack of adequate venous material for bypasses constitutes a common problem. The nanotechnology has the potential to overcome the disadvantages of the current therapy of atherosclerosis, e.g., by the formation of nanosized assemblies for the earlier detection of atherosclerotic lesions and for cell-specific delivery of therapeutics. Replacing the current systemic pharmacological approach by a locally targeted treatment of plaques can substantially minimize the adverse effects, by lowering the drug cytotoxicity and reducing the required dosage. Moreover, a new generation of nanotechnological approaches to the revascularization procedures is now emerging, e.g., vascular tissue engineering utilizing the magnetic nanoparticles or the design of stents with the reduced risk of thrombosis and restenosis. This review discusses the possible applications of the nanomedical approaches in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Ghrelin- and GH-induced insulin resistance: no association with retinol-binding protein-4
Authors: Vestergaard Esben Thyssen , Krag Morten B , Poulsen Morten M , Pedersen Steen B , Moller Niels , Jorgensen Jens Otto Lunde , Jessen Niels 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveSupraphysiological levels of ghrelin and GH induce insulin resistance. Serum levels of retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) correlate inversely with insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to determine whether ghrelin and GH affect RBP4 levels in human subjects.Materials and methodsTo study GH-independent effects of ghrelin, seven hypopituitary men undergoing replacement therapy with GH and hydrocortisone were given ghrelin (5 pmol/kg per min) and saline infusions for 300 min in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Circulating RBP4 levels were measured at baseline and during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp on both study days. To study the direct effects of GH, nine healthy men were treated with GH (2 mg at 2200 h) and placebo for 8 days in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Serum RBP4 levels were measured before and after treatment, and insulin sensitivity was measured by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp technique.ResultsGhrelin acutely decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity. Serum RBP4 concentrations decreased in response to insulin infusion during the saline experiment (mg/l): 43.2±4.3 (baseline) vs 40.4±4.2 (clamp), P<0.001, but this effect was abrogated during ghrelin infusion (mg/l): 42.4±4.5 (baseline) vs 42.9±4.7 (clamp), P=0.73. In healthy subjects, serum RBP4 levels were not affected by GH administration (mg/l): 41.7±4.1 (GH) vs 43.8±4.6 (saline), P=0.09, although GH induced insulin resistance.Conclusionsi) Serum RBP4 concentrations decrease in response to hyperinsulinemia, ii) ghrelin abrogates the inhibitory effect of insulin on circulating RBP4 concentrations, and iii) ghrelin as well as GH acutely induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle without significant changes in circulating RBP4 levels.
Ketoacidosis as the initial clinical condition in nine patients with acromegaly: a review of 860 cases at a single institute
Authors: Yoshida Naohiro , Goto Hiromasa , Suzuki Hisanori , Nagasawa Kaoru , Takeshita Akira , Okubo Minoru , Miyakawa Megumi , Mori Yasumichi , Fukuhara Noriaki , Nishioka Hiroshi , Yamada Shozo , Takeuchi Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveExcess GH causes insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. The objective of this study was to clarify the prevalence of ketoacidosis as the initial presenting symptom of acromegaly.Design and methodsData were collected from 860 patients with acromegaly who underwent pituitary surgery at Toranomon Hospital over the last 32 years, between 1980 and 2011.ResultsNine cases had ketoacidosis before being diagnosed with acromegaly, including seven males and two females with a mean±s.d.age of 38.8±14.2 years. Serum GH and IGF1 levels were 155±203 ng/ml and 9.86±0.68 SDS before pituitary surgery and 3.6±1.7 ng/ml and 3.72±3.40 SDS after surgery respectively. The maximum tumor diameter was 28.2±11.6 mm (ranging from 15 to 47 mm,n=8). None of the patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) nor were they positive for antibodies related to type 1 DM. A possible precipitating factor for ketoacidosis in six cases was excessive ingestion of sugar-containing soft drinks. All the cases had invasive pituitary adenomas. After pituitary surgery, plasma glucose levels were under control without requiring insulin in all cases. Furthermore, six patients did not need oral hypoglycemic agents.ConclusionsApproximately 1% of patients with acromegaly presented with diabetic ketoacidosis as their first clinical condition.
A dual-tube direct-push method for vertical profiling of hydraulic conductivity in unconsolidated formations
Authors: McCall Wesley , Butler James J. , Healey John M. , Lanier Alyssa A. , Sellwood Stephen M. , Garnett Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A new direct-push procedure has been developed for the purpose of conducting discrete-interval slug tests to define vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity (K.) This approach is an extension of existing dual-tube methods developed for soil sampling. In this procedure, nested rods (tubes) are simultaneously advanced to predetermined test intervals. The inner rods are then removed and a screen is inserted into the formation for slug testing and possible water sampling. Once testing and sampling are completed, the screen is retrieved, the inner rods reinserted, and the system is advanced to the next test interval. A series of field tests were performed in a highly permeable sand and gravel aquifer to assess the effectiveness of this new approach. Dual-tube profiling results were compared to multilevel slug tests conducted in conventional monitoring wells for intervals in which hydraulic conductivity ranged from 175 ft/day to over 800 ft/day. An initial evaluation found that the dual-tube profiling results were in good agreement (< or =12 percent difference) with K values obtained from multilevel slug tests in the closest monitoring well. Two more-detailed profiles demonstrate that the dual-tube method can effectively delineate small-scale vertical and horizontal variations in hydraulic conductivity. This field assessment shows that the dual-tube method is an accurate and efficient procedure for obtaining information about spatial variations in hydraulic conductivity. This information can be useful for selecting intervals for well installations, for assessment of various remediation alternatives, and for identifying preferential flow paths and other features that can control contaminant movement in the subsurface. The information is obtained without the need for permanent wells. Because this is a direct-push procedure, drill cuttings are eliminated and the volume of development water generated is significantly reduced.
Polymer Systems for Water Shutoff and Profile Modification: A Review Over the Last Decade
Authors: El-Karsani Khalid Saad , Al-Muntasheri Ghaithan A. , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryUnwanted water production is a serious issue in oil- and gas-producing wells. It causes corrosion, scale, and loss of productivity. One method of treating this problem is to chemically reduce unwanted water. This paper discusses the use of polymer systems for this purpose and presents a thorough review of available literature over the last decade. In this paper, field-application data for various polymer systems are summarized over the range of 40 to 150°C (104 to 302°F). These applications cover a wide range of permeabilities from 20 to 2,720 md in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs around the globe. Moreover, the review revealed that the last decade of developments can be categorized into two major types. The first type is polymer gels for total water shutoff in the near-wellbore region, in which a polymer is crosslinked with either an organic or an inorganic crosslinker. The second type is concerned with deep treatment of water-injection wells diverting fluids away from high-permeability zones (thief zones). These thief zones take most of the injected water, which results in a large amount of unrecovered oil. For the total-blocking gels, various systems were identified, such as polyurethane resins, chromium (Cr3+) crosslinking terpolymers, Cr3+ crosslinking foamed partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), and nanoparticle polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) sequestering Cr3+ for elongation of its gelation time with PHPA. In addition, polyethylenimine (PEI) was identified to crosslink various polyacrylamide- (PAM-) based polymers. The Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) Research and Development Center developed a PAM-based thermally stable polymer and an organic crosslinker. The system is applicable for a wide temperature range from 50 to 160°C (130 to 320°F).For the deep modification of water-injection profiles in water-injection wells, two systems were identified: microspheres prepared from PAM monomers crosslinked with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and microspheres produced by crosslinking 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with diacrylamides and methacrylamides of diamines (thermally activated microparticles known as Bright Water). This paper highlights all major developments in these areas.
Coating stability and surface characteristics of esthetic orthodontic coated archwires
Authors: da Silva Dayanne Lopes , Mattos Claudia Trindade , Simão Renata Autoun , de Oliveira Ruellas Antônio Carlos 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate the coating thickness of four brands of as-received esthetic coated rectangular archwires and their surface characteristics and coating stability after 21 days of oral exposure compared to those of conventional stainless steel (SS) and nickel titanium (NiTi) ones.Materials and Methods:The labial surface of the selected archwires was observed with a stereoscope and in a scanning electron microscope, and surface roughness was assessed with an atomic force microscope. The coating thickness of as-received wires and the percentage of coating lost on the labial surface of retrieved wires were measured using Image Pro Plus 4.5 software.Results:All groups showed an average coating thickness of less than 0.002 inches. After oral exposure, archwires from two groups lost all coating on the labial surface. On average, 28.71% and 72.90% of the coating was lost in each of the other two groups, and the surface roughness of the remaining coating was higher than postclinical control wires.Conclusion:Coated archwires had a low esthetic value as they presented a nondurable coating. The remaining coating showed a severe deterioration and a greater surface roughness than postclinical control counterparts (conventional SS and NiTi wires).
Robust control of depth of anesthesia based on H∞ design
Authors: Caiado Daniela V. , Lemos João M. , Costa Bertinho A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a case study on the design of a robust controller for the depth of anesthesia (DoA) induced by the drug propofol. This process is represented by a linear model together with a non-parametric uncertainty description that is evaluated using a patient model bank with 20 patients undergoing sedation.
By using H∞ methods, the controller is aimed to comply with robust stability and performance specifications for the class of patient models considered. A minimization problem of sensitivity and complementary sensitivity is made to design the controller. The controller that results from this procedure is approximated by a controller with a lower order, that in turn is redesigned in discrete time for computer control application. The resulting controller is evaluated in simulations using a realistic nonlinear model of DoA.
Investigation and isolation of the active constituents of petroleum ether fraction of Medicago sativa L. sprouts
Authors: Seida Ahmed A. , El-Hefnawy Hala , Abou-Hussein Dina R. , Mokhtar Fatma Alzahraa 
Published: May 2013

The unsaponifiable fraction from petroleum ether extract of Medicago sativa L. sprouts was analyzed by GLC, a series of 17 hydrocarbons and 2 phytosterols; ?-sitosterol and stigmasterol were identified. Analysis of the fatty acid fraction by GLC techniques revealed the presence of 6 saturated fatty acids and 8 unsaturated fatty acids including omega 6- fatty acid lionleic acid and 2 omega 3 fatty acids Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a relative percent of 1.0% and 1.12%, respectively. These two types are rarely produced in plants but produced in fish, which have protective effects against heart diseases, liver functions and inflammations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i6.14870 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2013, 2(6): 109-111
Application des pesticides en agriculture maraichère au Togo
Authors: Kanda Madjouma , Djaneye-Boundjou Gbandi , Wala Kpérkouma , Gnandi Kissao , Batawila Komlan , Sanni Ambaliou , Akpagana Koffi 
Published: May 2013

L’étude porte sur l’analyse des pratiques, des attitudes et des connaissances des maraîchers par rapport à l’utilisation des pesticides au Togo. Elle a couvert les cinq (5) régions administratives du pays par une enquête auprès de 297 maraîchers. 98 % des maraîchers interrogés admettent que l’emploi des pesticides permet de réduire les pertes liées aux ravageurs et d’assurer un bon rendement. Cependant, la décision d’effectuer les traitements phytosanitaires et les moments de traitement diffèrent d’un maraîcher à un autre et d’une région à l’autre. Les modes d’utilisation et les délais de carence ne sont pas maîtrisés. Les maraîchers en majorité peu formés (14 %) n’ont pas une bonne connaissance des doses d’application et des fréquences de traitement. Ils sont peu convaincus des risques directs qu’ils encourent et de ce fait se protègent rarement.
The Wicketkeeper and Injury
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Prabhakar Sharad , Raj Nirmal 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Cricket injury has become a significant issue in recent times with many high profile players getting injured during the game. Injury surveillance programs have recently been started and have documented a high injury rate in fast bowlers. One of the most tasking player positions in cricket is wicketkeeping; despite the best protective wear used by them, the nature of the game would imply a high attrition rate due to injury. We looked at the published literature and our own experience, and found little documented data for this subgroup of players. The types of injury recorded and the problems therein are discussed; it is proposed that future focus should be on short-term analysis of injury profiles so as to improve preventive methods, and long-term evaluation of overuse injury or degenerative changes in the body due to the prolonged abnormal posture maintained by wicketkeepers.

How to cite this article
Dhillon MS, Prabhakar S, Raj N. The Wicketkeeper and Injury. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(2):99-102.
Is a “Firm” a Firm? A Stackelberg Experiment
Authors: Hildenbrand Andreas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Industrial organization is mainly concerned with the behavior of large firms, especially when it comes to oligopoly theory. Experimental industrial organization, therefore, faces a problem: How can firms be brought into the laboratory? The main approach relies on framing: Call individuals “firms”! This experimental approach is not in line with modern industrial organization, according to which a firm’s market behavior is also determined by its organizational structure. In this paper, a Stackelberg experiment is considered in order to answer the question whether framing individual decision making as firm decision making or implementing an organizational structure is more effective for generating profit-maximizing behavior. Firms are either represented by individuals or by teams. Teams are organized according to a parsimonious version of Alchian and Demsetz’s (Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization, 1972) contractual model of the firm. The author finds teams’ quantity choices are more in line with the assumption of profit maximization than individuals’ choices. Compared to individuals, teams appear to be less inequality averse.