bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current problems in the use of organic UV filters to protect skin from excessive sun exposure
Authors: Klimová Zuzana , Hojerová Jarmila , Pažoureková Silvia 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The evidences of the harmful effects of skin exposure to excessive UltraViolet (UV) radiation, primarily on the development of skin cancer, have increased over the last decade. Therefore, national and international health authorities have encouraged the public to take protective sunscreens, and respectively also everyday cosmetics containing UV filters. In these products, a mixture of the UV filters, including both inorganic and organic nature, has been shown to be more effective than the individual UV filter. However, currently there are concerns about the safety and actual effectiveness of some UV filters; especially about certain UV-absorbing compounds (organic UV filters). Three cardinal problems are the most questionable. First, that certain UV filters are absorbed through the skin resulting in systemic exposure with unknown consequences. Second, that certain UV filters show the potential to be adversely endocrine disruptors. Third, that certain UV filters are partially degraded by UV radiation, what making them photounstable and unable to fulfil their basic protective function. The purpose of this article is to discuss these problems.
Bacterial cell membrane adaptation responses on stress caused with the environmental pollutants
Authors: Murínová Slavomíra , Dercová Katarína 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on biomass production, lipid accumulation, and on the fatty acid profile of the major membrane lipids of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from a soil long-term contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls was examined. The lowest bacterial growth was observed in the presence of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls. On the other hand, the highest growth stimulation was observed in the presence polychlorinated biphenyls. Higher growth ability was observed when polychlorinated biphenyls or 3-chlorobenzoic acid were added after three days of cultivation. Higher lipid accumulation corresponded with lower growth ability. The importance of time when bacterial strain meets polychlorinated biphenyls or 3-chlorobenzoic acid should be emphasized. The addition of toxic organic compound later in stationary growth phase led to better survival and evoked lower membrane adaptation. However, polychlorinated biphenyls or 3-chlorobenzoic acid amendment at the beginning of cultivation stimulated adaptation responses as membrane saturation, cis to trans isomerisation, and branched fatty acids alteration and decreased growth ability. Palmitic acid and 17-cyclopropyl fatty acid were observed as prevalent in the bacterial membrane as well as in the total lipids.
A Combined Encryption Compression Scheme Using Chaotic Maps
Authors: Prasad Bhagwati , Mishra Kunti 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The intent of this paper is to propose an encryption compression scheme using multiple chaotic maps along with the concept of Galois field. This method improves the security of the encrypted data and a significant compression is also achieved. The obtained high security architectures are ideal for many real life applications such as medical images, legal documents and military and other operation
A Software System for Classification of Archaeological Artefacts Represented by 2D Plans
Authors: Hristov Valentin , Agre Gennady 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper presents a method for representing whole and fragmented ceramic vessels depicted as two dimensional archaeological drawings. The process of construction of such a representation is described. It includes contour extraction from a vessel cross-section, splitting the contour into inner and outer profiles and converting them to tangent representation, is described. Some initial results of experiments, using the proposed representation for solving the task of identification of ancient Greek amphorae are discussed.
Estimation of Semiconductor Switching Losses under Hard Switching using Matlab/Simulink Subsystem
Authors: Ivakhno Volodymyr , Zamaruiev Volodymyr V. , Ilina Olga 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe conventional tools for the system level simulation of the switch-mode power converters (for example, MATLAB/SIMILINK) allow simulating the behavior of a power converter jointly operating with the control system in a closed automatic regulation system. This simulation tools either represent semiconductor devices as ideal switches or implement the simplest models based on volt-ampere characteristics of standard types of semiconductor devices for conducting loss estimation. This fact makes direct calculation of dynamic power losses in the semiconductor devices impossible. The MATLAB/SIMILINK subsystem that calculates the average power dissipated in the power switch during turn-on and turn-off transition is proposed in this paper. The represented approach used in the subsystem estimates by the means of MATLAB/SIMILINK the values of turn-on and turn-off energies at power switch commutation instances on the base of switching current and voltage measurements and the values of commutation energies given in datasheet on power switch. The simulation results of step-down converter with IGBT and proposed subsystem in MATLAB/SIMULINK were compared with the calculation results obtained in Semisel
Two Notes to Syntaxa Names Stemmed from Polish Geobota Nical Studies
Authors: Kučera Peter 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper comments on nomenclature of the name Piceion excelsae of Pawłowski et al. (1928), which should be preferably referred using the form “Piceion excelsae Pawłowski ex Pawłowski et al. 1928”. In the author’s opinion, the definition of Recommendation 46D in the current International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (author citations with “ex”) needs to be revised to define alternatively the difference in contrast to Recommendation 46C (author citations with “in”): to highlight the difference at the place and time of the valid publication of the name handled. The equally aged name “Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawłowski ex Pawłowski et al. 1928” is invalidly published. The oldest validly published homonym found should be ascribed to Walas (1933).
SUPPLEMENTS TO THE ATLAS OF BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) OF SLOVENIA
Authors: Čelik Tatjana 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The Atlas of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 2012) treats 179 butterfly species whose occurrence in Slovenia is confirmed, and 24 species for which only unconfirmed data exist. By the end of 2011, 212.936 distribution records by 167 contributing authors were collected for the Atlas. The Digital database of butterflies of the Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts was not considered in the process of collecting the data for the Atlas. This database contains 30.630 distribution records for butterfly species found in Slovenia from research projects undertaken by the Institute from 1995 to date. Given that this rich data source was not included in the Atlas, I here provide a supplement to the existing Atlas, reporting 1529 new records for 140 butterfly species. These updates provide new areas or range limits for 14 species, the presence of 71 species in areas the Atlas designated as “white spots”, new information on 3 species with very limited distribution in Slovenia, and additional corroboration for distribution of 27 species that the Atlas covered.
Suitability of Centella Asiatica (Pegaga) as a Food Source for Rearing Spodoptera Litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Javar Saeedeh , Sajap Ahmad Said , Mohamed Rozi , Hong Lau Wei 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
When conducting entomological research, it is necessary to have a sufficient quantity of the desired pest. One of the pests commonly used in research is Spodoptera litura. Mass rearing of herbivorous caterpillars like S. litura requires large amounts of a suitable food source. Hence, the use of an easy-to-grow host plant would be most practical and reasonable. Centella asiatica known as ‘pegaga’ grows easily, produces plenty of leaves, and is available throughout the year in Malaysia. The suitability of C. asiatica as a food source for S. litura was evaluated by studying the biology of this pest on excised C. asiatica leaves, under laboratory conditions. S. litura completed its whole life cycle in 29 to 35 days. The mean pupal weight and the average number of eggs laid by a single female were 0.341 g and 1,930 eggs, respectively. Daily monitoring of the larval development stages as well as analysis on the width of head capsules, revealed the existence of six instars during the larval stages of S. litura. The cumulative survival rate for immature developmental stages was 80%, while the stage-specific survivorship was over 90%. This study demonstrated the use of ‘pegaga’ as a suitable new food source for when rearing S. litura larvae in the laboratory.
Digital Challenges on the Norwegian Media Scene
Authors: Ottosen Rune , Krumsvik Arne H. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This article summarises findings from a research project on the digitisation of Norwegian newsrooms, analysing trends in the industry and changes in user-habits. Findings suggest that most journalists are positive about the digitisation of the newsroom but fear that cutbacks in staff will prevent them from exploiting the potential of the new technology. They also fear that too much focus on technical skills will leave less space for critical journalism. Findings also suggest a correlation between resources used to develop the online edition and the perceived ethical standards of the content. More online journalism leads to a higher degree of scepticism among the readers. There are two different justifications for using resources on the online edition. Some newspaper executives hope to use the online edition to recruit new readers to the paper edition while another group hopes to develop the breadth of market service through a portfolio of publishing platforms.
Advertising for Europe
Authors: Holtz-Bacha Christina , Johansson Bengt , Leidenberger Jacob , Maarek Philippe J. , Merkle Susanne 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This study analyzes and compares party ads that were broadcast on television during the 2009 European Election campaign in France, Germany, Sweden and the UK. Even though electoral TV ads have never reached the same importance in European countries as in the US, such ads are to be regarded as an expression of the specific political culture of a country and therefore have relevance beyond election campaigns. An international comparison of ads produced for the same event is particularly suited to revealing similarities across cultures as well as national idiosyncrasies. Additionally, the present study demonstrates a methodological approach that defines a ‘sequence’ as the unit of analysis instead of the whole spot, and thus it is different from previous research on electoral advertising.
Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species in cats and dogs from Bydgoszcz (Poland) region
Authors: Andrzejewska M. , Szczepańska B. , Klawe J.J. , Śpica D. , Chudzińska M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of cats and dogs as a potential reservoir of Campylobacter spp. Rectal swabs from 83 dogs and 71 cats were examined. Samples were obtained from the animals aged between 2 weeks and 24 months living in shelters, private households, farms and from veterinary clinics located in Bydgoszcz region during routine check-up.Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 4.81% dogs and 9.86% cats, respectively. C. jejuni was predominant in this study. All strains were isolated in autumn and winter from the animals living in farms and private houses. All the animals positive for Campylobacter prevalence had access to small water basins, accidental source of food and had contact with wild birds, poultry or their feaces.Isolates characterization revealed high prevalence of Campylobacter virulence genes-flaA, cadF and cdtB. 91% of isolated strains were susceptible to erythromycin. 81% among isolated strains were susceptible to azithromycin, 64% to tetracycline and 36% to ciprofloxacin. For 2 C. jejuni strains isolated from cats Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling indicated 80% homology between them.
The porcine brucellosis – evidence of the role of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 in occurrence of false positive serological reactions
Authors: Weiner M. , Szulowski K. , Iwaniak W. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Forty four pigs with typical characteristics for false positive serological reactions (FPSR) were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9. The positive reactions were observed in rose bengal test (RBT, N=23 sera), serum agglutination test (SAT, N=16), complement fixation test (CFT, N=9), indirect ELISA (i-ELISA, N=11) in first, and in RBT (N=14), SAT (N=8), CFT (N=7) and i-ELISA (N=18) in second examination, respectively. In bacteriological examination Y. enterocolitica was confirmed in 12 cases. Six of these isolates were identified with PCR as Y. enterocolitica O:9.
A Valuation of Public Spaces: Selected Research Results
Authors: Palicki Sławomir 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study is to draw attention to the fact that the value of public spaces has an interdisciplinary character, and should be viewed as such. The multifaceted function of public spaces requires a thorough recognition of their role and functioning in a city, especially from the estate management point of view. The fact that well-designed and managed public spaces have a great effect on social, cultural, market and communicative behavior, makes them an axis of urban development. The extent to which public spaces affect neighboring property markets, especially when it comes to the commercial segment, is also very important. The way in which a public space is utilized, is an incentive to search for optimal directions as to how a given property should function.
The research results presented in the present paper concern three case studies of big Polish cities - Poznań, Gdańsk and Wrocław. The research incorporated sociological survey tools (questionnaire), indepth interviews and observations.
Temperature Stratification of Underfloor and Ceiling Based Air Heating Distribution System in an Experimental Room
Authors: Katunský Dušan , Lopušniak Martin , Vašková Anna 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Most of air heating and ventilating systems for passive houses inlet air in floors. It is assumed that a natural motion of air is led upwards, and so the right stratification of temperature in the space is ensured. However, in the case of excellently insulated buildings it is possible to assume that an upper inlet of air is also able to ensure the required layering of temperature. Within the experiment an influence of upper and down air inlet for temperature stratification in the space was followed. Night sensors of indoor air temperature are placed for measurement purposes. Measurements are done in the long term. The results from measurements show that both, vertical and horizontal stratification of temperature in rooms of passive houses are equal regardless of the fact, which system of air inlet is used.
Analysis of Coagulation Processes for the Groundwater Treatment
Authors: Albrektiene Ramune , Rimeika Mindaugas , Jurkiene Anzelika 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Coagulation process is widely used for removal of natural organic matters (NOM) and for water color intensity reduction. The efficiency of coagulation process depends on many different factors. Aim of this research is to investigate coagulation process under different conditions. During the research coagulation process was held at different pH values (5.5; 6.0; 6.5), at different water alkalinity and at different water turbidity. It was found that removal of NOM and water color intensity reduction is most effective at pH values from 5.5 to 6.0. At these conditions water color intensity reduction is most efficient, but removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the lowest. During the research it was also found that different water alkalinity and turbidity do not make significant influence on efficiency of coagulation process.
Theoretical and Experimental Stress-Strain Analysis of Compressed Steel Members with Closed Cross-Sections
Authors: Tomko Michal , Ali Mohamad Al , Demjan Ivo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The paper presents fundamental information about experimental and theoretic-numerical research to determinate the load-carrying capacity of thin-walled cold-formed compressed steel members. The investigated members have closed cross-sections made from homogeneous materials. The theoretic-numerical analysis in this paper is oriented on the modeling of the initial deviations effects, caused by production process, on the load-carrying capacities of mentioned members, while the experimental investigation is to verify the theoretical results and to investigate the behavior of mentioned members during the loading process.
Effect of Living Mulches on Selected Soil Structure Indicators in Eggplant Cultivation
Authors: Wojciechowski Wiesław , Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Krygier Magdalena 
Published: May 2013

Summary
Conducted research involved evaluation of selected soil properties in eggplant cultivation with the use of living mulches from white clover and perennial ryegrass. The mulching species were sown three weeks before eggplant planting, in the term of planting and three weeks after planting this vegetable. In half of August there was assessed stability of soil aggregates on the basis of the following indicators of: cloddiness (B), misting (S), structure (W) of the soil and mean weighed diameter of aggregates - the dry method (MWDa), as well as water stability ( MWD) and waterproof (Wod) index of soil aggregates and mean weighed diameter of aggregates - the wet method (MWDg). Cover plants did significantly decrease soil cloddiness indicator, while the earliest term of their sowing contributed to lowering of that parameter values by nearly 1/3 in relation to the data obtained for mechanically treated plots. Indicator of misting of the soil and soil structure index was higher for the soil of inter - rows covered with living mulches. It was noticed that longer term of covering inter - rows with white clover and perennial ryegrass improved soil structure. Living mulches improved mean weighed diameter of aggregates, determined according to the wet method, as well as indicator of aggregates waterproof and water stability index. After sowing white clover or perennial ryegrass three weeks before eggplant planting, mean weighed diameter of aggregates, measured with the use of the wet method, was higher by 29.0% and by 18.3% than the one characterizing the object with the last term of sowing and it was higher by 31.4% and 17.1% than the value determined for mechanically treated inter - rows. ΔMWD indicator for the soil covered with white clover and with perennial ryegrass was, average, by 15.5% and 34.7% higher than the data featuring mechanical treatment. For Wod index those differences amounted 18.8% and 9.7% respectively
Modern demographic processes in urban areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nyussupova Gulnara , Sarsenova Indira 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe result of the growth in cities’ population is the migratory and natural movement of the population. Special attention is given in this article to the research of natural movement of the population of cities of Kazakhstan; this indicator of natural movement of the population is defined by the demographic processes in the future. Therefore, the given information about the natural and mechanical movement of the population can be considered as the original generalizing indicators of the processes that happen in population movement.
Sex ratio and genetic diversity in the dioecious Pistacia atlantica (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Nosrati Houshang , Husainpourfeizi Mohammad Ali , Khorasani Mina , Razban-Haghighi Ahmad , Nikniazi Maryam 
Published: May 2013

Abstract The levels of genetic variation in dioecious plant species have been reported to differ between male and female populations. This has been attributed to different factors including distribution patterns of individuals, sex ratio and also stochastic events. We measured the levels of genetic diversity in male and female populations of dioecious Pistacia atlantica (pistachio, Anacardiaceae) separately for each region and genders in two eco-geographically different regions over 350 km apart and of different population sizes in East Azerbaijan, Iran by randomly sampling 15 individuals of male and female from each of the regions using randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs. The percentage of polymorphic RAPD bands in the male populations of dioecious Pistacia atlantica was significantly higher (88.9%) than that of female populations (80.8%), and similarly, male populations had greater genetic diversity (0.387, Shannon; 0.252, Nei’s) compared to female populations (0.381, Shannon; 0.249, Nei’s). Genetic variation in larger population (Arasbaran) of P. atlantica (0.387, Nei’s) was greater than that of the smaller (Jazire) population (0.312), indicating the impact of population size on genetic variation. Partitioning the total genetic variation using an analysis of molecular variance indicated that 77% of total genetic diversity was allocated within populations while 23% of this variation was dedicated among populations.
Drinking Water Disinfection with Electrolysis
Authors: Reimanis M. , Mezule L. , Ozolins J. , Malers J. , Juhna T. 
Published: May 2013

Nowadays electrochemical disinfection has gained an increasing attention as an alternative to conventional drinking water disinfection, since it is regarded as environmentally friendly, amendable to automation, inexpensive, easily operated and is known to inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms from bacteria to viruses and algae. We found that along with increasing the number of electrodes in our equipment from 2 to 24, the resistance of chlorine-generating electrolytic cell and specific work of electric current decreased. During the electrolysis the amount of generated Cl2 increased along with the increase of chloride ion concentration in the solution and the intensity of electric current. The technological process parameters (flow rate, current intensity) have been established to obtain a predetermined amount of generated chlorine during the electrolysis process. A comparison of flow and circulating (3 times) regimes for electrolysis of tap water with chloride ion concentration below 10 mg/L showed that circulation is necessary to generate active chlorine (above 1 mg/L).
At the same time, when no circulation was performed, even a 0.9 A treatment was not enough to generate detectable levels of free chlorine. Electrochemical disinfection of tap water with non-stoichiometric titanium oxide electrodes was effective enough to inactivate both metabolically active and cultivable bacteria E. coli to undetectable levels within 15 minutes at 0.5 A current intensity.