bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic transfer of biodiversity effects: functional equivalence of prey diversity and enrichment?
Authors: Behl Stephan , de Schryver Vera , Diehl Sebastian , Stibor Herwig 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProducer diversity is frequently assumed to be detrimental to herbivores, because less edible taxa are more likely to dominate diverse communities. Many producers are, however, complementary in their resource use, and primary production is often positively related to producer diversity. We performed an experiment with microalgae and a generalist herbivore to explore the hypothesis that such positive effects are transferred up the food chain and are functionally comparable to effects of enrichment with a limiting resource. In both absence and presence of grazers, primary production was positively affected by both light supply and producer diversity. Survival, reproduction, and biomass of herbivores were also positively affected by light supply and producer diversity, with both factors contributing equally to grazer performance. We conclude that producer diversity can indeed have similar positive effects on secondary production as enrichment with a limiting resource and discuss conditions under which such positive effects are likely to dominate over negative ones.
First Synthesis of the Pyrano‐Naphthoquinone Lactone (–)‐Arizonin C1 (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 25/2011)
Authors: Mahlau Manuel , Fernandes Rodney A. , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows buttes in the world‐famous Monument Valley. Located on the Arizona/Utah border, this place helps to pinpoint smallish Tuba City halfway down the road to Flagstaff. In 1988, members of the Anti‐Infective Division of Abbott Laboratories screened that town's soil for unknown microorganisms. Their discovery of Actinoplaces arizonaensis and its antibiotics, arizonin A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C3, allowed us to select arizonin C1 as a target. Our synthesis began with a Dötz benzannulation, and the stereocenters were implanted by a Sharpless dihydroxylation (>99 % ee) and an oxa‐Pictet–Spengler cyclization. Details are discussed in the article by R. Brückner et al. on p. 4765 ff. Photography credits: Wolfgang Staudt (http://www.flickr.com/photos/wolfgangstaudt/2200558634/); design credits: Dipl.‐Chem. Frank Sartorius (Universität Freiburg).
Square Wave Electroanalysis at Generator–Collector Gold–Gold Double Hemisphere Junctions
Authors: Lewis Grace E. M. , Dale Sara E. C. , Kasprzyk‐Hordern Barbara , Barnes Edward O. , Compton Richard G. , Marken Frank 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGold–gold double‐hemisphere junction electrodes with an inter‐electrode gap of typically 1 µm are employed for generator–collector square wave voltammetry. Electrochemical data are recorded as a function of both generator and collector potential to give three‐dimensional response “maps”. At sufficiently low frequencies, close‐to‐steady‐state conditions for the collector response are achieved and peak responses complementary to those for the generator electrode are recorded. Due to localised interelectrode gap diffusion (fast) as opposed to peripheral diffusion (slow), information about reaction products and intermediates can be obtained. Local pH gradient effects provide additional “fingerprint” information beneficial for future application in analytical detection.
A non‐conforming least‐squares finite element method for incompressible fluid flow problems
Authors: Bochev Pavel , Lai James , Olson Luke 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop least‐squares finite element methods (LSFEMs) for incompressible fluid flows with improved mass conservation. Specifically, we formulate a new locally conservative LSFEM for the velocity–vorticity–pressure Stokes system, which uses a piecewise divergence‐free basis for the velocity and standard C0 elements for the vorticity and the pressure. The new method, which we term dV‐VP improves upon our previous discontinuous stream‐function formulation in several ways. The use of a velocity basis, instead of a stream function, simplifies the imposition and implementation of the velocity boundary condition, and eliminates second‐order terms from the least‐squares functional. Moreover, the size of the resulting discrete problem is reduced because the piecewise solenoidal velocity element is approximately one‐half of the dimension of a stream‐function element of equal accuracy. In two dimensions, the discontinuous stream‐function LSFEM [1] motivates modification of our functional, which further improves the conservation of mass. We briefly discuss the extension of this modification to three dimensions. Computational studies demonstrate that the new formulation achieves optimal convergence rates and yields high conservation of mass. We also propose a simple diagonal preconditioner for the dV‐VP formulation, which significantly reduces the condition number of the LSFEM problem. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Large‐scale DMFC Stack Model: Feed Disturbances and Their Impact on Stack Performance
Authors: McIntyre J. , Kulikovsky A. A. , Müller M. , Stolten D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA highly scalable quasi‐3D model of a large 1‐kW class direct methanol fuel cell stack is developed. The model takes into account in‐plane heat and current transport in the bipolar plates, coupled to the through‐plane transport in the membrane‐electrode assemblies. The electro chemical model is an extension of a Perry–Newman–Cairns model with the Butler–Volmer rate of electrochemical conversion. The stack is ”cut” into a large number of elementary geometrical units and each unit is solved on a separate core using supercomputing resources. The model is used to simulate the regimes of stack operation with methanol flow failures in part of the cell. The results show that the full‐fed domain of the cell takes over part of the load of the starved domain, which homogenizes the distribution of all parameters over the defect cell surface.
Flow‐Field Designs of Bipolar Plates in PEM Fuel Cells: Theory and Applications
Authors: Wang J. , Wang H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA generalized model developed by Wang was modified for flow field designs of the most common layout configurations with U‐type arrangement, including single serpentine, multiple serpentine, straight parallel, and interdigitated configurations. A direct and quantitative relationship was established among flow distribution, pressure drop, configurations, structures, and flow conditions. The model was used for a direct, systematic, and quantitative comparison of flow distributions and pressure drops among the most common layout configurations of interest. The straight parallel configuration had the lowest pressure drops but suffered the most possibility of the uneven flow distribution across the channels. The single serpentine had the best flow distribution but had the highest pressure drops. The flow distribution and the pressure drop in the multiple serpentine was between the straight parallel and the single serpentine. Finally, we suggested basic criteria of the flow field designs of bipolar plates for the industrial applications. This provides a practical guideline to evaluate how far a fuel cell is from design operating conditions, and measures how to improve flow distribution and pressure drop.
Behavioral disturbances differentiate frontotemporal lobar degeneration subtypes and Alzheimer's disease: evidence from the Frontal Behavioral Inventory
Authors: Konstantinopoulou Eleni , Aretouli Eleni , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Karacostas Dimitrios , Kosmidis Mary H. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundBehavioral assessment is useful for the diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We explored the ability of the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) to discriminate between patients with distinct subtypes of FTLD and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the influence of demographic variables on FBI scores.MethodsThe FBI was administered to the caregivers of 87 patients diagnosed with FTLD [64 behavioral variant FTLD, 19 aphasic variant FTLD (primary progressive aphasia), and 4 motor/extrapyramidal variant (corticobasal syndrome)] and 30 patients with AD. Patients with AD were older than patients with FTLD. The two groups did not differ with respect to duration of illness, level of education, or sex ratio.ResultsAge significantly predicted disinhibited positive behaviors, such as perseverations and irritability, whereas education did not contribute to FBI ratings. Classification accuracy for the discrimination of AD and mixed FTLD groups was 81%. Moreover, 88.3% and 83.7% accuracy was achieved for the discrimination of AD and behavioral variant FTLD, and AD and primary progressive aphasia groups, respectively. The Total Negative subscale of the FBI, which summarizes the presence of deficit (negative) behaviors, was the best discriminator. A cut‐off score of 17 provided 83% sensitivity and 98% specificity in distinguishing between FTLD and AD patients.ConclusionsThe FBI is a sensitive and specific tool for the differential diagnosis of FTLD from AD. The optimal cut‐off point for the detection of FTLD patients was lower than that initially proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accumulation and Endocrine Disrupting Effects of the Flame Retardant Mixture Firemaster® 550 in Rats: An Exploratory Assessment
Authors: Patisaul Heather B. , Roberts Simon C. , Mabrey Natalie , McCaffrey Katherine A. , Gear Robin B. , Braun Joe , Belcher Scott M. , Stapleton Heather M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTFiremaster® 550 (FM 550), a fire‐retardant mixture used in foam‐based products, was recently identified as a common contaminant in household dust. The chemical structures of its principle components suggest they have endocrine disrupting activity, but nothing is known about their physiological effects at environmentally relevant exposure levels. The goal of this exploratory study was to evaluate accumulation, metabolism and endocrine disrupting effects of FM 550 in rats exposed to 100 or 1000 µg/day across gestation and lactation. FM 550 components accumulated in tissues of exposed dams and offspring and induced phenotypic hallmarks associated with metabolic syndrome in the offspring. Effects included increased serum thyroxine levels and reduced hepatic carboxylesterease activity in dams, and advanced female puberty, weight gain, male cardiac hypertrophy, and altered exploratory behaviors in offspring. Results of this study are the first to implicate FM 550 as an endocrine disruptor and an obesogen at environmentally relevant levels. #x000A9; 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:124‐136, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21439
Osteocalcin: Skeletal and extra‐skeletal effects
Authors: Neve Anna , Corrado Addolorata , Cantatore Francesco Paolo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOsteocalcin (OC) is a non‐collagenous, vitamin K‐dependent protein secreted in the late stage of osteoblasts differentiation. The presence of the three residues of γ‐carbossiglutamatic acid, specific of the active form of OC protein, allows the protein to bind calcium and consequently hydroxyapatite. The osteoblastic OC protein is encoded by the bone γ‐carbossiglutamate gene whose transcription is principally regulated by the Runx2/Cbfa1 regulatory element and stimulated by vitamin D3 through a steroid‐responsive enhancer sequence. Even if data obtained in literature are controversial, the dual role of OC in bone can be presumed as follows: firstly, OC acts as a regulator of bone mineralization; secondly, OC regulates osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Recently the metabolic activity of OC, restricted to the un‐carboxylated form has been demonstrated in osteoblast‐specific knockout mice. This effect is mediated by the regulation of pancreatic β‐cell proliferation and insulin secretion and adiponectin production by adipose tissue and leads to the regulation of glucose metabolism and fat mass. Nevertheless, clinical human studies only demonstrated the correlation between OC levels and factors related to energy metabolism. Thus further investigations in humans are required to demonstrate the role of OC in the regulation of human energy metabolism. Moreover, it is presumable that OC also acts on blood vessels by inducing angiogenesis and pathological mineralization. This review highlights the recent studies concerning skeletal and extra‐skeletal effects of OC. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1149–1153, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood‐Derived Stem Cells (BDSCs) plasticity: In vitro hepatic differentiation
Authors: Alaimo Giorgia , Cozzoli Eliana , Marfe Gabriella , Esposito Luca , Ranalli Marco , Hmada Dalya , Giordano Antonio , Gambacurta Alessandra 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe limited availability of hepatic tissue suitable for the treatment of liver disease and drug research encourages the generation of hepatic‐like cells from alternative sources as support for the regenerative medicine. Human blood derived stem cells (BDSCs) express surface markers and genes characteristic of pluripotent stem cells and have the ability to differentiate into different cell types, including tissues of endodermal origin (i.e., liver). Therefore they can represent a valuable source of hepatocytes for medicine. In this investigation, we exploited a fast hepatic differentiation protocol to generate hepatocyte‐like cells from human BDSCs using only hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and fibroblast growth factor‐4 (FGF‐4) as growth factors. The resulting cell population exhibited hepatic cell‐like morphology and it was characterized with a variety of biological endpoint analyses. Here, we demonstrate how human BDSCs can be reprogrammed in hepatocyte‐like cells by morphological, functional analysis, reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR, and Western Blot assay. This study defines a fast and easy reprogramming strategy that facilitates the differentiation of human BDSCs along a hepatic lineage and provides a framework for a helpful source in the stem cells therapy and liver disorders. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1249–1254, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
miR‐197 induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells by targeting p120 catenin
Authors: Hamada Shin , Satoh Kennichi , Miura Shin , Hirota Morihisa , Kanno Atsushi , Masamune Atsushi , Kikuta Kazuhiro , Kume Kiyoshi , Unno Jun , Egawa Shinichi , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInvasive ductal adenocarcinoma (IDA) of the pancreas manifests poor prognosis due to the early invasion and distant metastasis. In contrast, intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma or carcinoma (IPMA or IPMC) reveals better clinical outcomes. Various molecular mechanisms contribute to these differences but entire picture is still unclear. Recent researches emphasized the important role of miRNA in biological processes including cancer invasion and metastasis. We previously described that miR‐126 is down‐regulated in IDA compared with IPMA or IPMC, and miR‐126 regulates the expression of invasion related molecule disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 9 (ADAM9). Assessing the difference of miRNA expression profiles of IDA, IPMA, and IPMC, we newly identified miR‐197 as an up‐regulated miRNA specifically in IDA. Expression of miR‐197 in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) along with the down‐regulation of p120 catenin which is a putative target of miR‐197. Direct interaction between miR‐197 and p120 catenin mRNA sequence was confirmed by 3′UTR assay, and knockdown of p120 catenin recapitulated EMT induction in pancreatic cancer cells. In situ hybridization of miR‐197 and immunohistochemistry of p120 catenin showed mutually exclusive patterns suggesting pivotal role of miR‐197 in the regulation of p120 catenin. This miR‐197/p120 catenin axis could be a novel therapeutic target. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1255–1263, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ontogeny and homology of the skeletal elements that form the sucking disc of remoras (Teleostei, Echeneoidei, Echeneidae)
Authors: Britz Ralf , Johnson G. David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe sucking disc of the sharksuckers (Echeneidae) is one of the most remarkable and most highly modified skeletal structures among vertebrates. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology, Britz and Johnson (pp. 1353–1366) report about their study of the development of the sucking disc based on a series of larval, juvenile, and adult echeneids. They aim at answering the question of the homology of the different skeletal parts that form the disc. The cover image shows the head and sucking disc of a 26.7 mm long juvenile marlinsucker, Remora osteochir, in frontal view. Remoras use their sucking disc to attach to larger marine animals and several remora species are host specific. Remora osteochir prefers spearfishes as hosts, in particular sailfish and white marlin. The striking sucking disc of remoras is homologous to the spinous dorsal fin of other spiny‐rayed fishes. The skeleton of the disc is formed in development through the enormous expansion of both the bases of the fin spines and the distal radial elements of the fin supports.
Evaluation of the ion trap MS performance for quantification of flavonoids and comparison to UV detection
Authors: Stanoeva Jasmina Petreska , Stefova Marina 
Published: November 2012

The application of an ion trap mass spectrometer, usually employed for identification, has been here systematically evaluated for quantitative analysis of various conjugated forms of flavonoids and compared with UV quantification.Three MS methods were tested to assess the potential and limits of the ion trap for quantification of flavonoids: full‐scan experiment MS2, isolated ion experiment MS, and full‐scan experiment MS. The test was performed using nine reference standards of flavonoids with six different aglycones: luteolin, apigenin, hypolaetin, 4′‐O‐methylhypolaetin, isoscutellarein and 4′‐O‐methylisoscutellarein in the form of 7‐O‐glucosides and diglucosides, mono or diacetylated, isolated from Sideritis scardica. The analytical characteristics of the tested MS methods were shown to be comparable to UV with regards to precision and accuracy, and superior for selectivity and sensitivity especially when using extracted ion chromatograms. Detection limits did not differ significantly between the MS methods but were significantly lower than those obtained with UV detection by one order of magnitude.Another issue addressed by these results was the choice of most suitable standard substances for quantification of flavonoids with various substituents attached when using MS. In UV detection, the nature of the aglycone is crucial for the absorbance properties, and various derivatives can be quantified with the available one with the same aglycone. Here, it was shown that in MS detection, one flavone derivative can be quantified using other available derivatives with similar substitution pattern with regards to attached and acetylated sugars, whereas the nature of the aglycone is not crucial. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfactant protein B amount and kinetics in newborn infants: an optimized procedure
Authors: Simonato Manuela , Baritussio Aldo , Vedovelli Luca , Lamonica Giulia , Carnielli Virgilio Paolo , Cogo Paola Elisa 
Published: November 2012

Surfactant protein B (SP‐B) plays a key role in surfactant homeostasis affecting its biophysical properties and physiological function.Recently, a method to measure SP‐B amount and kinetics from tracheal aspirates (TAs) became available. The main objective of this study was to improve the critical steps of the procedure to obtain a better SP‐B sensitivity.We administered a 24 h continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/h of 113 C‐leucine to ten newborn infants. SP‐B was isolated from serial TAs and its fractional synthesis rate, secretion time, peak time and half life were derived from 13 C enrichment curves obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. SP‐B amount in TAs was also assessed.During the extraction step, acidification and organic solvent ratio optimization doubled the recovery of SP‐B from TAs, so did the elongation of the propylation time (from 20 min to 1 h) with enhanced leucine derivatization yield.Measurement of 13 C leucine enrichments, and therefore all SP‐B kinetics parameters, were successfully calculated in all TAs samples due to the increase of SP‐B yield.SP‐B amount was 0.29 (0.16–0.41) % of total phospholipids with a minimum value of 0.08% belonging to one of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) patients.In conclusion, this new procedure enables accurate determination of SP‐B kinetics even in the presence of low protein amount like in preterm RDS patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The native cell population does not contribute to central‐third graft healing at 6, 12, or 26 weeks in the rabbit patellar tendon
Authors: Kinneberg Kirsten R.C. , Galloway Marc T. , Butler David L. , Shearn Jason T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInvestigators do not yet understand the role of intrinsic tendon cells in healing at the tendon‐to‐bone enthesis. Therefore, our first objective was to understand how the native cell population influences tendon autograft incorporation in the central‐third patellar tendon (PT) defect site. To do this, we contrasted the histochemical and biomechanical properties of de‐cellularized patellar tendon autograft (dcPTA) and patellar tendon autograft (PTA) repairs in the skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbit. Recognizing that soft tissues in many animal models require up to 26 weeks to incorporate into bone, our second objective was to investigate how recovery time affects enthesis formation and graft tissue biomechanical properties. Thus, we examined graft structure and mechanics at 6, 12, and 26 weeks post‐surgery. Our results showed that maintaining the native cell population produced no histochemical or biomechanical benefit at 6, 12, or 26 weeks. These findings suggest that PTA healing is mediated more by extrinsic rather than intrinsic cellular mechanisms. Moreover, while repair tissue biomechanical properties generally increased from 6 to 12 weeks after surgery, no further improvements were noted up to 26 weeks. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 638–644, 2013
Top‐emission AMOLED display driven by organic TFTs with semiconductor layer patterned by inkjet process
Authors: Okumoto Yuko , Ukeda Takaaki , Matsui Masafumi , Okumoto Kenji , Miyamoto Akihito , Morita Kiyoyuki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe have developed an inkjet process for laying down an organic semiconductor layer in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). The organic semiconductor crystallinity was improved by adjusting the contact angles of the bank, the gate insulator, and the source/drain electrodes. The threshold voltage of the OTFT was controlled by means of several surface treatments of the silicon dioxide gate insulator. The OTFTs showed a high mobility of 2.5 cm2/Vs and uniform threshold voltages of −0.4 ± 0.7 V. We also fabricated a 4‐in., 80‐ppi active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode on a glass substrate that showed good luminance uniformity and high moving picture quality.