bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal technology and phosphorus in the production of primary and secondary metabolites in cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan) seedlings
Authors: Pedone‐Bonfim Maria VL , Lins Márlon A , Coelho Ieda R , Santana Angelo S , Silva Fábio SB , Maia Leonor C 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase the growth and concentration of primary and secondary metabolites in several plant species. Cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina), a medicinal plant, benefits from mycorrhizal association, but the influence of the symbiosis on the production of its bioactive compounds is unknown. In this study the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus (P) supply on the production of primary and secondary metabolites in cebil seedlings was determined.ResultsThe production of proteins and carbohydrates in terms of both concentration and content was enhanced by inoculation with AMF, but this benefit was mitigated at higher levels of P (30 and 50 mg dm−3 soil). The concentration of phenols, flavonoids and total tannins was favoured by mycorrhizal inoculation even at the highest levels of P (30 and 50 mg dm−3 soil).ConclusionThe production of primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of A. colubrina can be maximised by mycorrhization, with the benefit depending on supplementation of soil phosphate.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
What Does this Gift Say about Me, You, and Us? The Role of Adolescents’ Gift Giving in Managing their Impressions among their Peers
Authors: Segev Ruthie , Shoham Aviv , Ruvio Ayalla 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines adolescents’ gift giving using a qualitative methodology, based on impression management theory. Gift‐giving motives and the characteristics of the chosen gifts indicated that adolescents use gift giving instrumentally to manage and protect their impressions among their peers. The study extends the literature on adolescents’ gift giving, and provides evidence regarding different types of gifts such as joint, neutral, and twofold gifts. Additionally, some gifts are aimed at strengthening similarity and bind the extended selves of givers and receivers.
The enzymes of biotin dependent CO2 metabolism: What structures reveal about their reaction mechanisms
Authors: Waldrop Grover L. , Holden Hazel M. , Maurice Martin St. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiotin is the major cofactor involved in carbon dioxide metabolism. Indeed, biotin‐dependent enzymes are ubiquitous in nature and are involved in a myriad of metabolic processes including fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. The cofactor, itself, is composed of a ureido ring, a tetrahydrothiophene ring, and a valeric acid side chain. It is the ureido ring that functions as the CO2 carrier. A complete understanding of biotin‐dependent enzymes is critically important for translational research in light of the fact that some of these enzymes serve as targets for anti‐obesity agents, antibiotics, and herbicides. Prior to 1990, however, there was a dearth of information regarding the molecular architectures of biotin‐dependent enzymes. In recent years there has been an explosion in the number of three‐dimensional structures reported for these proteins. Here we review our current understanding of the structures and functions of biotin‐dependent enzymes. In addition, we provide a critical analysis of what these structures have and have not revealed about biotin‐dependent catalysis.
Spin beam splitter based on Goos–Hänchen shifts in two‐dimensional electron gas modulated by ferromagnetic and Schottky metal stripes
Authors: Lu Mao‐Wang , Huang Xin‐Hong , Zhang Gui‐Lin , Chen Sai‐Yan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a theoretical study on the spin‐dependent Goos–Hänchen (GH) effect in a two‐dimensional electron gas modulated by ferromagnetic and Schottky metal (SM) stripes. The GH shifts for spin electron beams across this device are calculated with the help of the stationary phase method. It is shown that the GH shift of spin‐up beam is significantly different from that of spin‐down beam, i.e., this device shows up a considerable spin polarization effect in GH shifts of electron beams. It also is shown that both magnitude and sign of spin polarization of GH shifts are closely related to the stripe width, the magnetic strength and the gated voltage under SM stripe. These interesting properties not only provide an effective method of spin injection for spintronics application, but also give rise to a tunable spin beam splitter.
MHC Mismatch Results in Neural Progenitor Cell Rejection Following Spinal Cord Transplantation in a Model of Viral-Induced Demyelination
Authors: Weinger Jason G. , Weist Brian M. , Plaisted Warren C. , Klaus Suzi M. , Walsh Craig M. , Lane Thomas E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Transplantation of syngeneic neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into mice persistently infected with the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) results in enhanced differentiation into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells that is associated with remyelination, axonal sparing, and clinical improvement. Whether allogeneic NPCs are tolerated or induce immune-mediated rejection is controversial and poorly defined under neuroinflammatory demyelinating conditions. We have used the JHMV-induced demyelination model to evaluate the antigenicity of transplanted allogeneic NPCs within the central nervous system (CNS) of mice with established immune-mediated demyelination. Cultured NPCs constitutively expressed the costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, and IFN-γ treatment induced expression of MHC class I and II antigens. Injection of allogeneic C57BL/6 NPCs (H-2b background) led to a delayed type hypersensitivity response in BALB/c (H-2d background) mice associated with T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion following coculture with allogeneic NPCs. Transplantation of MHC-mismatched NPCs into JHMV-infected mice resulted in increased transcripts encoding the T-cell chemoattractant chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 that correlated with increased T-cell infiltration that was associated with NPC rejection. Treatment of MHC-mismatched mice with T-cell subset-specific depleting antibodies increased survival of allogeneic NPCs without affecting commitment to an oligodendrocyte lineage. Collectively, these results show that allogeneic NPCs are antigenic, and T-cells contribute to rejection following transplantation into an inflamed CNS suggesting that immunomodulatory treatments may be necessary to prolong survival of allogeneic cells.
Nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Shukla A.K. , Prem Kumar T. 
Published: September 2012

Manipulation of matter at the nanoscale is a way forward to move beyond our current choices in electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies with promise of higher efficiency, environmental benignity, and cost‐effectiveness. Electrochemical processes being basically surface phenomena, tailored multifunctional nanoarchitecturing can lead to improvements in terms of electronic and ionic conductivities, diffusion and mass transport, and electron transfer and electrocatalysis. The nanoscale is also a domain in which queer properties surface: those associated with conversion electrodes, ceramic particles enhancing the conductivity of polymer electrolytes, and transition metal oxide powders catalyzing fuel cell reactions, to cite a few. Although this review attempts to present a bird's eye view of the vast literature that has accumulated in this rather infant field, it also lists a few representative studies that establish the beneficial effects of going ‘nano’. Investigations on nanostructuring and use of nanoparticles and nanoarchitectures related to lithium‐ion batteries (active materials and electrolytes), supercapacitors (electrical double‐layer capacitors, supercapacitors based on pseudo‐capacitance, and hybrid supercapacitors), and fuel cells (electrocatalysts, membranes and hydrogen storage materials) are highlighted.This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy Infrastructure > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Incidence and Localization of Ectopic Parathyroid Adenomas in Previously Unexplored Patients
Authors: Roy Madhuchhanda , Mazeh Haggi , Chen Herbert , Sippel Rebecca S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundParathyroidectomy has a success rate of >95 % for cure of primary hyperparathyroidism. In about 6–16 % of cases, one or more hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland(s) are found in an ectopic location. Accurate preoperative imaging can aid in detecting these ectopically located glands and allow a focused surgical approach with an even higher success rate. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of ultrasonography (US) and technetium‐99m‐sestamibi (MIBI) scans in locating ectopic parathyroid glands in previously unexplored patients who presented with primary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsWe analyzed a total of 1,562 patients who underwent surgery for hyperparathyroidism at our institution from 2000 to 2010. Ectopic parathyroid adenomas were identified in 346 of the patients (22 %). Of the 346 patients, we excluded 144 who underwent reoperations, had four‐gland hyperplasia or were missing imaging details. We carefully reviewed the data, including demographics, laboratory values, preoperative localizing imaging details, and operative findings. Preoperative US and MIBI results were compared to the intraoperative findings.ResultsWe analyzed 202 patients with ectopic glands for accuracy of preoperative localization. Of these 202 patients, a single adenoma was the most common (89 %) followed by double adenoma (11 %). The ectopic parathyroid glands were predominantly located in the thymus (38 %) followed by 31 % in the retroesophageal region; 18 % were intrathyroidal. Preoperative MIBI scans had a sensitivity of 89 % (161/197), whereas US had a sensitivity of 59 % (35/63) for detecting ectopic glands. Overall, both imaging modalities had a positive predictive value of 90 %, with MIBI correctly predicting ectopic glands best in the thymus, mediastinum, or the retroesophageal space, and US was most accurate at detecting intrathyroidal glands.ConclusionsBased on the data available at our institution, MIBI has a higher sensitivity than US in correctly localizing ectopic parathyroid adenomas, but the accuracy of detection varies based on location. Both imaging techniques have a high PPV for detecting an ectopic gland. Therefore, imaging with MIBI and US can be complementary, and positive localization of an ectopic gland with either modality is highly accurate and can facilitate a more focused surgical approach.
Sustained high plasma mannose less sensitive to fluctuating blood glucose in glycogen storage disease type Ia children
Authors: Nagasaka Hironori , Yorifuji Tohru , Bandsma Robert H. J. , Takatani Tomozumi , Asano Hisaki , Mochizuki Hiroshi , Takuwa Mayuko , Tsukahara Hirokazu , Inui Ayano , Tsunoda Tomoyuki , Komatsu Haruki , Hiejima Eitaro , Fujisawa Tomoo , Hirano Ken‐ichi , Miida Takashi , Ohtake Akira , Taguchi Tadao , Miwa Ichitomo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlasma mannose is suggested to be largely generated from liver glycogen‐oriented glucose‐6‐phosphate. This study examined plasma mannose in glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) lacking conversion of glucose‐6‐phosphate to glucose in the liver. We initially examined fasting—and postprandial 2 h—plasma mannose and other blood carbohydrates and lipids for seven GSD Ia children receiving dietary interventions using cornstarch and six healthy age‐matched children. Next, one‐day successive intra‐individual parameter changes were examined for six affected and two control children. Although there were no significant differences in fasting—and postprandial 2 h—glucose and insulin levels, the mannose level of the affected group was invariably much higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001): the fasting level of the affected group was about two‐fold that of the control group; the postprandial‐2 h level remained almost unchanged in the affected group, although it was one‐half of the fasting level in the control group. Inter‐individual analyses revealed that the GSD Ia group mannose level was significantly and positively correlated with lactate and triglycerides levels at both time points (p < 0.01). In each control, mannose levels fluctuated greatly, maintaining strong and significant negative correlations with glucose and insulin levels (p < 0.001). Correlations were lower or nonexistent in GSD Ia children. In individuals with high lactate and triglycerides levels, strikingly high mannose levels never changed against glucose and insulin fluctuations. Plasma mannose is less sensitive to blood glucose and insulin in GSD Ia children. Its basal level and the fluctuation pattern differ by their metabolic activity.
Human Evolution and Education in Slovene Schools
Authors: Bajd Barbara 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This article discusses the importance and benefits of providing lower secondary school students with some knowledge of human evolution and its educational context. The author surveyed science teaching in secondary and upper secondary schools in Slovenia and concluded that evolution in general, and human evolution in particular, do not feature prominently in the curriculum and so are not represented by many teaching contact hours. Neither are popular, well-designed, and up-to-date books on the subject--whether by Slovene authors or in translation--readily available to interested students. And yet, paleoanthropology—the study of human evolution in its wider context—is a rapidly developing, high-profile branch of science with major popular appeal. Recent discoveries—many of them spectacular—have provided a much more detailed picture of human evolutionary history, significantly modifying earlier ideas about our ancestry. The subject not only attracts much public interest but also has major educational benefits: human evolution exemplifies many general evolutionary principles, illustrates the synergy of focused multidisciplinary approaches in the life sciences, and reinforces teaching of environmental conservation, human relations, and social responsibility. Because of the subject’s importance, the author provides some suggestions on how the teaching of human evolution might be incorporated into the school curriculum and considers some of the educational resources available to support its teaching.
Risk of lung cancer from radon exposure: contribution of recently published studies of uranium miners
Authors: Tirmarche M. , Harrison J. , Laurier D. , Blanchardon E. , Paquet F. , Marsh J. 
Published: September 2012

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently estimated the risk of lung cancer associated with radon exposure, and a statement was issued in ICRP Publication 115. This was based on recent epidemiological studies and the results from a joint analysis of cohorts of Czech, French, and German uranium miners, and indicated that the excess relative risk of lung cancer per unit of exposure should be expressed with consideration of chronic exposure over more than 10 years, by modelling time since median exposure, age attained or age at exposure, and taking in account, if possible, interaction between radon and tobacco. The lifetime excess absolute risk (LEAR) calculated from occupational exposure studies is close to 5 × 10−4 per working level month (WLM) (14 × 10−5 per hm J/m3). LEAR values estimated using risk models derived from both miners and domestic exposure studies are in good agreement after accounting for factors such as sex, attained age, and exposure scenario. A sensitivity analysis highlighted the high dependence of background mortality rates on LEAR estimates. Using lung cancer rates among Euro-American males instead of the ICRP reference rates (males and females, and Euro-American and Asian populations), the estimated LEAR is close to 7 × 10−4 per WLM (20 × 10−5 per hm J/m3).
Indium 111 Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Scintigraphy in the Identification and Management of Intrathecal Pump Malfunction
Authors: Yowtak June , Cato Kelsie , Williams Hadyn , Salazar Pamela , Macomson Samuel , Sekul Elizabeth , Vender John 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundIntrathecal drug‐delivery systems have become widely used tools in the management of refractory chronic pain and spasticity. Because increasing numbers of patients are using these systems, rehabilitation specialists frequently are the initial care providers who identify clinical signs and symptoms indicating possible complications relating to the implanted system. Identification of a pump malfunction often presents a diagnostic challenge. Distinguishing among progression of disease, new organic problems, and/or drug‐device complications is critical. The use of nuclear medicine indium 111 diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) studies represents a highly effective, straightforward, minimally invasive way to assess implant function and drug distribution.ObjectiveTo identify patients with suspected intrathecal pump malfunction and to determine whether the use of indium 111 DTPA is effective in identifying the source of failure.DesignA retrospective review was performed from 2011 to 2012.SettingThe study was performed at Georgia Health Sciences University.PatientsThe 23 selected patients had implanted devices for either spasticity or pain and were experiencing symptoms of a possible pump malfunction despite normal radiographic imaging. Twenty‐four scintigraphic studies were performed, with malfunction documented in 19 patients.MethodsA standard refill technique was used to inject 0.3 mL of indium 111 DTPA into the pump reservoir. Radionuclide images were reviewed at varying time points up to 48 hours after injection. The extent of radionuclide progression from the pump reservoir to the intrathecal space was evaluated. In cases in which a problem with the implant was identified, correlation with operative findings is described.ResultsNormal results of studies ultimately correlated with other clinical issues and confirmed an alternative etiology for the clinical changes noted. In studies with abnormal results, several patterns of failure were identified: restriction of the radionuclide to the pump reservoir, extravasations of tracer into the pump subcutaneous pocket, failure of the tracer to migrate from the subcutaneous catheter to the intrathecal space, and pooling of the tracer in the subcutaneous tissues. In all cases, surgical findings confirmed the suspected mechanism of malfunction as determined by the study.ConclusionsIndium 111 DTPA scintigraphy is a safe, straightforward way to identify and characterize clinical changes associated with intrathecal drug‐delivery systems and to guide appropriate and clinical surgical management.
Vibration Platform Training in Women at Risk for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Segal Neil A. , Glass Natalie A. , Shakoor Najia , Wallace Robert 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether a platform exercise program with vibration is more effective than platform exercise alone for improving lower limb muscle strength and power in women ages 45 to 60 with risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignRandomized, controlled study.SettingAcademic center.ParticipantsA total of 48 women ages 45‐60 years with risk factors for knee OA (a history of knee injury or surgery or body mass index ≥25 kg/m2).InterventionsSubjects were randomly assigned to a twice‐weekly lower limb exercise program (quarter squat, posterolateral leg lifts, calf raises, step‐ups, and lunges) on either a vertically vibrating platform (35 Hz, 2 mm) or a nonvibrating platform.Main Outcome MeasurementsChange in isokinetic quadriceps strength, leg press power, and stair climb power by 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 39 of 48 enrolled participants completed the study (26 vibration and 13 control exercise). Nine participants discontinued the study after randomization mainly because of a lack of time. No intergroup differences in age, body mass index, or activity level existed. Isokinetic knee extensor strength did not significantly improve in either group. Leg press power improved by 92.0 ± 69.7 W in the vibration group (P < .0001) and 58.2 ± 96.2 W in the control group (P = .0499) but did not differ between groups (P = .2262). Stair climb power improved by 53.4 ± 64.7 W in the vibration group (P = .0004) and 55.7 ± 83.3 W in the control group (P = .0329) but did not differ between groups (P = .9272).ConclusionsWhole body vibration platforms have been marketed for increasing strength and power. In this group of asymptomatic middle‐aged women with risk factors for knee OA, the addition of vibration to a 12‐week exercise program did not result in significantly greater improvement in lower limb strength or power than did participation in the exercise program without vibration.
Intestinal helminth fauna of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens and fur seal Arctocephalus australis from northern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Hernández-Orts J.S. , Montero F.E. , Juan- García A. , García N.A. , Crespo E.A. , Raga J.A. , Aznar F.J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report on the intestinal helminth fauna of 56 South American sea lions, Otaria flavescens, and 5 South American fur seals, Arctocephalus australis, from northern Patagonia, Argentina. A total of 97,325 helminth specimens were collected from sea lions. Gravid individuals were represented by 6 species of parasites: 1 digenean (Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) patagoniensis), 1 cestode (Diphyllobothrium spp.), 3 nematodes (Uncinaria hamiltoni, Contracaecum ogmorhini s.s., Pseudoterranova cattani) and 1 acanthocephalan (Corynosoma australe). In addition, third-stage larvae of 2 nematodes (Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. type I) and 3 juvenile acanthocephalans (Andracantha sp., Profilicollis chasmagnathi and Corynosoma cetaceum) were also collected. Andracantha sp., C. ogmorhini s.s. and P.chasmagnathi represent new host records. A total of 1516 helminth specimens were collected from fur seals. Gravid individuals were represented by three species of parasites, namely, Diphyllobothrium spp., C. ogmorhini s.s. and C. australe. In addition, larvae of Contracaecum sp. and P. cattani, juveniles of C. cetaceum and immature cestodes (Tetrabothriidae gen. sp.) were also collected. Corynosoma australe was the most prevalent and abundant parasite in both hosts, accounting for >90% of all specimens. Sea lions and furs seals from northern Patagonia harbour the intestinal helminth communities that could be predicted for otariids, i.e. the combination of species of the genera Corynosoma, Diphyllobothrium, Pseudoterranova, Contracaecum and, in pups, Uncinaria. Additionally, both species of otariid are apparently unsuitable hosts (i.e. non-hosts) for as many as five parasite taxa. The inclusion or exclusion of these species affects estimation of species richness at both component community (11 versus 6 species in sea lions; 7 versus 3 species in fur seals) and infracommunity (mean: 3.1 versus 2.6 in sea lions; 2.2 versus 1.7 species) levels. Information about the reproductive status of helminth species is often lacking in parasitological surveys on otariids and other marine vertebrates, but it is of significance to improve precision in parascript studies or ecological meta-analyses.