bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in pelvic floor morphology between continent, stress urinary incontinent, and mixed urinary incontinent elderly women: An MRI study
Authors: Pontbriand‐Drolet Stéphanie , Tang An , Madill Stephanie J. , Tannenbaum Cara , Lemieux Marie‐Claude , Corcos Jacques , Dumoulin Chantale 
Published: March 2015

AimsTo compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic floor musculature (PFM), bladder neck and urethral sphincter morphology under three conditions (rest, PFM maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and straining) in older women with symptoms of stress (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) or without incontinence.MethodsThis 2008–2012 exploratory observational cohort study was conducted with community‐dwelling women aged 60 and over. Sixty six women (22 per group), mean age of 67.7 ± 5.2 years, participated in the study. A 3 T MRI examination was conducted under three conditions: rest, PFM MVC, and straining. ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests (data not normally distributed) were conducted, with Bonferroni correction, to compare anatomical measurements between groups.ResultsWomen with MUI symptoms had a lower PFM resting position (M‐Line P = 0.010 and PC/H‐line angle P = 0.026) and lower pelvic organ support (urethrovesical junction height P = 0.013) than both continent and SUI women. Women with SUI symptoms were more likely to exhibit bladder neck funneling and a larger posterior urethrovesical angle at rest than both continent and MUI women (P = 0.026 and P = 0.008, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups on PFM MVC or straining.ConclusionsWomen with SUI and MUI symptoms present different morphological defects at rest. These observations emphasize the need to tailor UI interventions to specific pelvic floor defects and UI type in older women.Patient summaryOlder women with UI demonstrate different problems with their pelvic organ support structures depending on the type of UI. These new findings should be taken into consideration for future research into developing new treatment strategies for UI in older women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:515–521, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pattern of activation of pelvic floor muscles in men differs with verbal instructions
Authors: Stafford Ryan E. , Ashton‐Miller James A. , Constantinou Chris , Coughlin Geoff , Lutton Nicholas J. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: March 2015

AimsTo investigate the effect of instruction on activation of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) in men as quantified by transperineal ultrasound imaging (US) and to validate these measures with invasive EMG recordings.MethodsDisplacement of pelvic floor landmarks on transperineal US, intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) recorded with a nasogastric transducer, and surface EMG of the abdominal muscles and anal sphincter were recorded in 15 healthy men during sub‐maximal PFM contractions in response to different verbal instructions: “tighten around the anus,” “elevate the bladder,” “shorten the penis,” and “stop the flow of urine.” In three men, fine‐wire EMG recordings were made from puborectalis and bulbocavernosus, and trans‐urethral EMG recordings from the striated urethral sphincter (SUS). Displacement data were validated by analysis of relationship with invasive EMG. Displacement, IAP, and abdominal/anal EMG were compared between instructions.ResultsDisplacement of pelvic landmarks correlated with the EMG of the muscles predicted anatomically to affect their locations. Greatest dorsal displacement of the mid‐urethra and SUS activity was achieved with the instruction “shorten the penis.” Instruction to “elevate the bladder” induced the greatest increase in abdominal EMG and IAP. “Tighten around the anus” induced greatest anal sphincter activity.ConclusionsThe pattern of urethral movement measured from transperineal US is influenced by the instructions used to teach activation of the pelvic floor muscles in men. Efficacy of PFM training may depend on the instructions used to train activation. Instructions that optimize activation of muscles with a potential to increase urethral pressure without increasing abdominal EMG/IAP are likely ideal. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:457–463, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment Effects in Educational and Psychosocial Intervention Trials: An Important but Often‐Overlooked Problem
Authors: Song Mi‐Kyung , Ward Sandra E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBaseline assessments and repeated measures are an essential part of educational and psychosocial intervention trials, but merely measuring an outcome of interest can modify that outcome, either by the measurement process alone or by interacting with the intervention to strengthen or weaken the intervention effects. Assessment effects can result in biased estimates of intervention effects and may not be controlled by the usual two‐group randomized controlled trial design. In this paper, we review the concept of assessment effects and other related phenomena, briefly describe study designs that estimate assessment effects separately from intervention effects and discuss their strengths and limitations, review evidence regarding the strength of assessment effects in intervention trials targeting behavior change, and discuss implications for intervention research. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of CD22 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Shah Nirali N. , Stevenson Maryalice Stetler , Yuan Constance M. , Richards Kelly , Delbrook Cindy , Kreitman Robert J. , Pastan Ira , Wayne Alan S. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundCD22 is a B‐lineage differentiation antigen that has emerged as a leading therapeutic target in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureProperties of CD22 expression relevant to therapeutic targeting were characterized in primary samples obtained from children and young adults with relapsed and chemotherapy refractory B‐precursor (pre‐B) ALL.ResultsCD22 expression was demonstrated in all subjects (n = 163) with detection on at least 90% of blasts in 155 cases. Median antigen site density of surface CD22 was 3,470 sites/cell (range 349–19,653, n = 160). Blasts from patients with known 11q23 (MLL) rearrangement had lower site density (median 1,590 sites/cell, range 349–3,624, n = 20 versus 3,853 sites/cell, range 451–19,653, n = 140; P = <0.0001) and 6 of 21 cases had sub‐populations of blasts lacking CD22 expression (22%–82% CD22 +). CD22 expression was maintained in serial studies of 73 subjects, including those treated with anti‐CD22 targeted therapy. The levels of soluble CD22 in blood and marrow by ELISA were low and not expected to influence the pharmacokinetics of anti‐CD22 directed agents.ConclusionsThese characteristics make CD22 an excellent potential therapeutic target in patients with relapsed and chemotherapy‐refractory ALL, although cases with MLL rearrangement require close study to exclude the presence of a CD22‐negative blast population. Pediatr Blood Cancer Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The associations between maternal factors during pregnancy and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yan Kangkang , Xu Xuejing , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Xikui , Hua Shucheng , Wang Chunpeng , Liu Xin 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundAlthough genetic and environmental factors are considered to be the main causes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the associations between maternal factors during pregnancy and the childhood ALL is still unclear.ProcedureIn this study, meta‐analysis was used. Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched. The result was assessed based on pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe pooled ORs showed that there were associations between childhood ALL and the birth order (The first vs others, OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.00–1.16), the education of pregnant woman (>high school vs ≤high school, OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.77–0.86), smoking (Ever vs never, OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.02–1.19).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis showed that there were important associations between childhood ALL and the birth order, the education of pregnant woman, smoking. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1162–1170. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balancing research interests and patient interests: A qualitative study into the intertwinement of care and research in paediatric oncology
Authors: Dekking Sara A. S. , van der Graaf Rieke , Kars Marijke C. , Beishuizen Auke , de Vries Martine C. , van Delden Johannes J. M. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundTraditionally, in ethical guidelines and in research ethics literature, care and research are clearly separated based on their different objectives. In contrast, in paediatric oncology, research and care are closely combined. Currently, it is unknown how relevant actors in paediatric oncology perceive this combination of research and care. We conducted a qualitative study into the experiences of those involved in Dutch paediatric oncology with the intertwinement of research and care and the dual role of paediatric oncologists as researchers and treating physicians.ProcedureA qualitative study approach, using two focus groups and 19 semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with paediatric oncologists, research coordinators, parents of children with cancer, and adolescents with cancer.ResultsFour themes characterize how actors experience the intertwinement of research and care in paediatric oncology. First, research is considered of major importance, and paediatric oncology professionals convey this message to patients and their parents. Second, there is ambiguity about categorization of studies into cancer therapy as either research or treatment. Third, role conflicts appear within the work of the paediatric oncologists. Finally, the various benefits of combining treatment with research are emphasized.ConclusionsResearch is regarded as a fundamental and indispensable characteristic of paediatric oncology practice. Paediatric oncology professionals, parents, and patients have a very positive outlook on combining research and care, but they may not be sufficiently critical with respect to potential conflicts. Increased reflection on how to optimally combine research and care could serve as an important protection of the interests of children with cancer and their parents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:816–822. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Propranolol induces regression of hemangioma cells via the down‐regulation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/VEGF pathway
Authors: Pan Wei‐Kang , Li Peng , Guo Zheng‐Tuan , Huang Qiang , Gao Ya 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundInfantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign vascular neoplasm resulting from the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells and pericytes in infants. Propranolol, a non‐selective β‐adrenergic blocker, has recently emerged as an effective therapy for IH, causing regression. However, its potential therapeutic mechanism remains largely unknown.ProcedureAn XPTS‐1 cell line was established by isolating hemangioma‐derived endothelial cells (HemECs) from a specimen of human proliferating IH. Flow cytometer assay was performed to assess the effect of propranolol on cell cycle distribution. Western blot was employed to determine changes of protein expression. Matrigel invasion and tube formation assays were used to measure invasion ability and tube formation ability, respectively. Commercial kits were employed to quantify NO and VEGF levels.ResultsPropranolol blocked norepinephrine‐induced HemECs cell cycle progression as well as the expression of cyclin A2 and cyclin D2; whereas p21 and p27 proteins were altered conversely. Propranolol inhibited norepinephrine‐induced cell invasion by reducing the expression of MMP‐9, VEGF, and p‐cofilin. NO and VEGF release induced by norepinephrine was decreased by propranolol pretreatment, coincident with alterations in the phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, and VEGFR‐2. Tube formation ability and subsequent levels of NO and VEGF elevated by norepinephrine were distinctively counteracted in HemECs.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated the antiangiogenic properties of propranolol in vitro and that the drug was able to induce the regression of hemangioma cells via the inhibition of cell cycle progression, invasion, and tube formation, concomitantly with decreased NO and VEGF levels through the down‐regulation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/VEGF pathway. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1414–1420. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facilitators and Challenges in Psychosocial Adaptation to Being at Increased Familial Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Heiniger Louise , Price Melanie A. , Charles Margaret , Butow Phyllis N. ,   kConFab Psychosocial Group on behalf of the kConFab Investigators
Published: March 2015

AbstractLittle is known about the process of psychosocial adaptation to familial risk in tested and untested individuals at increased familial risk of cancer. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of 36 women participating in theKathleen CuninghamConsortium for Research intoFamilialBreast cancer (kConFab) Psychosocial study. Facilitators and challenges in psychosocial adaptation were identified through semi‐structured interviews. The women, who were either tested (carriers or non‐carriers of breast cancer susceptibility mutations) or untested (ineligible for testing or eligible but delayed or declined testing), described personal, support network and healthcare characteristics that impacted on the adaptation process. Challenges in one domain could be overcome by facilitators in other domains and key differences relating to whether women had undergone testing, or not, were identified. Tested and untested women with an increased familial risk of breast cancer may benefit from support tailored to their mutation testing status in order to enhance adaptation.
Using ApoE Genotyping to Promote Healthy Lifestyles in Finland – Psychological Impacts: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hietaranta‐Luoma H.‐L. , Luomala H. T. , Puolijoki H. , Hopia A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCommon health recommendations often incite very little public response, as people instead require individualized information. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological effects of personal genetic information, provided by different apoE genotypes, as a tool to promote lifestyle changes. This study was a one‐year intervention study using healthy adults, aged 20–67 years (n = 107). Their experiences of state anxiety, threat and stage of change were measured three times over a 12 months period. These psychological experiences were assessed, during the genetic information gathering, for three groups: a high‐risk group (Ɛ4+, n = 16); a low‐risk group (Ɛ4−, n = 35); and a control group (n = 56). The psychological effects of personal genetic risk information were shown to be short‐term, although the levels of state anxiety and threat experiences in the high‐risk group both remained at a slightly higher level than in the baseline. Threat experiences differed almost significantly (alpha = 0.017) between the Ɛ4+ and Ɛ4− groups (p = 0.034). Information on the apoE genotype impacted the experience of cardiovascular threat; this effect was most intense immediately after genetic feedback was received. However, fears of threat and anxiety may not be an obstacle for using gene information to motivate healthy, stable adults towards making lifestyle changes. Further studies should thus focus on how to utilize genetic screening in prevention of lifestyle‐related diseases.
Clinical features of fallopian tube accessory ostium and outcomes after laparoscopic treatment
Authors: Zheng Xingbang , Han Hongjing , Guan Jing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of fallopian tube accessory ostium and treatment outcomes after laparoscopic treatment.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of patients who underwent laparoscopy for infertility at Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China, between June 1, 2009, and January 31, 2012. Fallopian tube accessory ostium was treated surgically when identified. Other procedures were conducted simultaneously, if indicated. Patients were interviewed by telephone every 6 months after treatment.ResultsAmong 1113 patients who underwent laparoscopy for infertility, 21 (1.9%) were diagnosed with fallopian tube accessory ostium. Furthermore, 19 (90.5%) of these 21 women were diagnosed with pelvic endometriosis. Accessory ostium was identified in 19 (4.7%) of 403 women with endometriosis versus 2 (0.3%) of 710 women without endometriosis (P = 0.001). Among 18 patients with accessory ostium who completed follow‐up and wished to conceive, 12 (66.7%) conceived after surgery, one of whom experienced a spontaneous abortion. No ectopic pregnancies occurred.ConclusionAccessory ostium was confirmed by a thorough examination of the entire fallopian tube, especially the distal portion, during laparoscopy. Patients experienced satisfactory outcomes after surgical intervention.
Effective judgmental forecasting in the context of fashion products⋆
Authors: Seifert Matthias , Siemsen Enno , Hadida Allègre L. , Eisingerich Andreas B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe study the conditions that influence judgmental forecasting effectiveness when predicting demand in the context of fashion products. Human judgment is of practical importance in this setting. Our goal is to investigate what type of decision support, in particular historical and/or contextual predictors, should be provided to human forecasters to improve their ability to detect and exploit linear and nonlinear cue–criterion relationships in the task environment. Using a field experiment on new product forecasts in the music industry, our analysis reveals that when forecasters are concerned with predictive accuracy and only managerial judgments are employed, providing both types of decision support data is beneficial. However, if judgmental forecasts are combined with a statistical forecast, restricting the decision support provided to human judges to contextual anchors is beneficial. We identify two novel interactions demonstrating that the exploitation of nonlinearities is easiest for human judgment if contextual data are present but historical data are absent. Thus, if the role of human judgment is to detect these nonlinearities (and the linearities are taken care of by some statistical model with which judgments are combined), then a restriction of the decision support provided makes sense. Implications for the theory and practice of building decision support models are discussed.
Advances in upper airway cough syndrome
Authors: Yu Li , Xu Xianghuai , Lv Hanjing , Qiu Zhongmin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUpper airway cough syndrome (UACS), previously referred to as postnasal drip syndrome, is one of the most common causes of chronic cough. However, the pathogenesis of UACS/postnasal drip syndrome remains unclear, and physicians in countries throughout the world have different definitions and ways of treating this disease. The various proposed pathogeneses of UACS include the early postnasal drip theory, subsequent chronic airway inflammation theory, and a recent sensory neural hypersensitivity theory. Additionally, some researchers suggest that UACS is a clinical phenotype of cough hypersensitivity syndrome. While the general principles involved in treating UACS are similar throughout the world, the specific details of treatment differ. This review summarizes the various definitions, pathogenic mechanisms, treatments, and other aspects of UACS, to aid clinicians in expanding their knowledge of how to diagnose and treat this syndrome.
Cavitation about a jet in crossflow
Authors: Brandner P. A. , Pearce B. W. , de Graaf K. L. 
Published: March 2015

Cavitation occurrence about a jet in crossflow is investigated experimentally in a variable-pressure water tunnel using still and high-speed photography. The 0.012 m diameter jet is injected on the centreplane of a 0.6 m square test section at jet to freestream velocity ratios ranging from 0.2 to 1.6, corresponding to jet-velocity-based Reynolds numbers of$25\times 10^{3}$to$160\times 10^{3}$respectively. Measurements were made at a fixed freestream-based Reynolds number, for which the ratio of the undisturbed boundary layer thickness to jet diameter is 1.18. The cavitation number was varied from inception (up to about 10) down to 0.1. Inception is investigated acoustically for bounding cases of high and low susceptibility to phase change. The influence of velocity ratio and cavitation number on cavity topology and geometry are quantified from the photography. High-speed photographic recordings made at 6 kHz provide insight into cavity dynamics, and derived time series of spatially averaged pixel intensities enable frequency analysis of coherent phenomena. Cavitation inception was found to occur in the high-shear regions either side of the exiting jet and to be of an intermittent nature, increasing in occurrence and duration from 0 to 100 % probability with decreasing cavitation number or increasing jet to freestream velocity ratio. The frequency and duration of individual events strongly depends on the cavitation nuclei supply within the approaching boundary layer. Macroscopic cavitation develops downstream of the jet with reduction of the cavitation number beyond inception, the length of which has a power-law dependence on the cavitation number and a linear dependence on the jet to freestream velocity ratio. The cavity closure develops a re-entrant jet with increase in length forming a standing wave within the cavity. For sufficiently low cavitation numbers the projection of the re-entrant jet fluid no longer reaches the cavity leading edge, analogous to supercavitation forming about solid cavitators. Hairpin-shaped vortices are coherently shed from the cavity closure via mechanisms of shear-layer roll-up similar to those shed from protuberances and jets in crossflow in single-phase flows. These vortices are shed at an apparently constant frequency, independent of the jet to freestream velocity ratio but decreasing in frequency with reducing cavitation number and cavity volume growth. Highly coherent cavitating vortices form along the leading part of the cavity due to instability of the jet upstream shear layer for jet to freestream velocity ratios greater than about 0.8. These vortices are cancelled and condense as they approach the trailing edge in the shear layer of opposing vorticity associated with the cavity closure and the hairpin vortex formation. For lower velocity ratios, where there is decreased jet penetration, the jet upstream shear velocity gradient reverses and vortices of the opposite sense form, randomly modulated by boundary layer turbulence.