bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Double-Blinded Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Short-term Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Reducing Postoperative Pain After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Hak Alisha , Rajaratnam Krishan , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Moro Jaydeep , Peterson Devin , Sprague Sheila , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: August 2014

Background: We aimed to determine whether patients with arthroscopically repaired rotator cuff (RC) tears would have reduced pain and improved function after ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections compared with placebo injection. Hypothesis: PRP compared with placebo (saline) was more effective in reducing pain at the site of an RC injury that has undergone arthroscopic repair. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: We conducted a 2-centered, blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing the level of pain in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair. Patients were randomized to either PRP or saline (placebo). They received 2 ultrasound-guided injections of the randomized product: 1 intraoperatively and 1 at 4 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was shoulder pain demonstrated using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D); the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC); and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score (DASH), as well as adverse events and revision surgeries. Patients were assessed clinically preoperatively and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postsurgery. A prespecified interim analysis was conducted after 50% of patients were recruited and followed. Results: We recruited 25 patients when interim power analysis led to an early trial termination. Follow-up was 96%. The mean difference between groups was not statistically significant (–1.81; 95% CI, –4.3 to 1.2; P = 0.16). The EQ-5D, WORC, and DASH scores also did not show significant differences between groups at week 6 ( P = 0.5, 0.99, and 0.9, respectively). There were no revision surgeries, and 4 adverse events (3 PRP, 1 saline). Conclusion: There was no statistical difference in outcome measures when augmenting arthroscopically repaired RC tears with PRP. Clinical Relevance: Identifying therapies that improve outcomes in patients with RC tears remains a challenge and deserves ongoing investigation.
The Masters Athlete
Authors: Tayrose Gregory A. , Beutel Bryan G. , Cardone Dennis A. , Sherman Orrin H. 
Published: August 2014

Context: With the ever-increasing number of masters athletes, it is necessary to understand how to best provide medical support to this expanding population using a multidisciplinary approach. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant articles published between 2000 and 2013 using the search terms masters athlete and aging and exercise were identified using MEDLINE. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Results: Preparticipation screening should assess a variety of medical comorbidities, with emphasis on cardiovascular health in high-risk patients. The masters athlete should partake in moderate aerobic exercise and also incorporate resistance and flexibility training. A basic understanding of physiology and age-related changes in muscle composition and declines in performance are prerequisites for providing appropriate care. Osteoarthritis and joint arthroplasty are not contraindications to exercise, and analgesia has an appropriate role in the setting of acute or chronic injuries. Masters athletes should follow regular training regimens to maximize their potential while minimizing their likelihood of injuries. Conclusion: Overall, masters athletes represent a unique population and should be cared for utilizing a multidisciplinary approach. This care should be implemented not only during competitions but also between events when training and injury are more likely to occur. Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B.
Delay to Reconstruction of the Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Newman Justin T. , Carry Patrick M. , Terhune Elizabeth B. , Spruiell Murray , Heare Austin , Mayo Meredith , Vidal Armando F. 
Published: August 2014

Background: A delay in pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is associated with an increase in the number of concomitant meniscal and chondral injuries. Factors that contribute to this delay have not been well described. Hypothesis: Socioeconomic and demographic factors are related to ACL surgery timing. Study Methods: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All subjects who underwent primary ACL reconstruction at a single tertiary pediatric hospital between 2005 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Variables included concomitant knee injuries (cartilage or meniscus injuries requiring additional operative treatment) and chronologic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards analyses were used to identify factors related to ACL surgery timing. Results: The mean age of the 272 subjects was 15.2 ± 2.12 years. Time to surgery was significantly different among subjects who required multiple additional surgical procedures at time of ACL reconstruction (median, 3.3 months) compared with subjects with 1 (median, 2.0 months) or no additional injuries (median, 1.6 months). Subjects underwent ACL reconstruction significantly sooner if they were older at the time of injury (hazard ratio [HR], 1.2 per 1 year; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2; P < .0001) or were covered by a commercial insurance plan (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6; P < .0001). Median time to ACL surgery was 1.5 months (95% CI, 1.3-1.7) for subjects with commercial insurance plans compared with 3.0 months (95% CI, 2.3-3.3) for subjects with noncommercial insurance coverage. Conclusion: The risk of delayed ACL surgery was significantly higher among pediatric and adolescent subjects who were less affluent, who were covered by a noncommercial insurance plan, and who were younger. This study also confirms previous studies that have reported an association between a delay in ACL surgery and the presence of additional knee injuries requiring operative treatment, accentuating the importance of timely care. Clinical Relevance: Access to care is a current area of research interest and health policy formation. Information in this arena drives 2 important aspects of health: most immediately, care provided to patients, and over a broader scope, the policy that directs health care. The orthopaedic surgeon should be aware of the association between socioeconomic and demographic factors and ACL surgery timing to optimize outcomes.
Total ionizing dose (TID) effects of γ ray radiation on switching behaviors of Ag/AlO
x
/Pt RRAM device
Authors: Yuan Fang , Zhang Zhigang , Wang Jer-Chyi , Pan Liyang , Xu Jun , Lai Chao-Sung 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The total ionizing dose (TID) effects of 60Co γ ray radiation on the resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices with the structure of Ag/AlO
x
/Pt were studied. The resistance in low resistance state (LRS), set voltage, and reset voltage are almost immune to radiation, whereas the initial resistance, resistance at high resistance state (HRS), and forming voltage were significantly impacted after radiation due to the radiation-induced holes. A novel hybrid filament model is proposed to explain the radiation effects, presuming that holes are co-operated with Ag ions to build filaments. In addition, the thermal coefficients of the resistivity in LRS can support this hybrid filament model. The Ag/AlO
x
/Pt RRAM devices exhibit radiation immunity to a TID up to 1 Mrad(Si) and are highly suitable for radiation-hard electronics applications.
Identification, cross-taxon transferability and application of full-length cDNA SSR markers in Phyllostachys pubescens
Authors: Lin Yuan , Lu Jiang-Jie , Wu Miao-Dan , Zhou Ming-Bing , Fang Wei , Ide Yuji , Tang Ding-Qin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Current databases of Phyllostachys pubescens full-length cDNAs (FL-cDNAs) provide a rich source of sequences for the development of potential FL-cDNA simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We screened 10,608 P. pubescens cDNAs, discovering 1614 SSRs in 1382 SSR-containing FL-cDNAs. The SSRs were more abundant within transposable elements (TEs) than expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and genome survey sequences (GSSs), and specific dinucleotide repeats tended to associate with particular TE families: (TA)n with En/Spm and (CT)n with Mutator. A selected panel of 100 FL-cDNAs containing type I SSRs yielded 68 functional SSR markers with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.12, among which 22 loci contained polymorphisms. These markers became less transferrable (83.1% → 69.9% → 49.3%) but more polymorphic (79.4% → 92.3% → 92.8%) with increasing phylogenetic distance (intra-genus → intra-subtribe → intra-family). Transferability and polymorphism also depended on the location of the marker, with those located in the coding region being more transferrable (69.1%) and less polymorphic (89.4%) than those in the 5′-UTR (63.4% transferable, 90.7% polymorphic) and the 3′-UTR (61.8% transferable, 91.4% polymorphic). As proof of principle, we were able to use our FL-cDNA SSR markers to identify the parental stocks in interspecific hybrids of bamboo within and beyond P. pubescens, and estimate the outcrossing rate for P. pubescens. Our research should facilitate molecular breeding in bamboo species where original genetic markers are scarce.
The effect of banning affirmative action on human capital accumulation prior to college entry
Authors: Antonovics Kate , Backes Ben 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper examines how banning affirmative action in university admissions affects both overall academic achievement and the racial gap in academic achievement prior to college entry. Focusing on college-bound high school students, we use a difference-in-difference methodology to analyze the impact of the end of race-based affirmative action at the University of California in 1998 on both the overall level of SAT scores and high school GPA, and the racial gap in SAT scores and high school GPA. We find little evidence of either a decline in academic achievement or a widening of the racial gap in academic achievement after the ban.

JEL codes

I21; I24
Why do wages become more rigid during a recession than during a boom?
Authors: Yokoyama Izumi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the effect of performance-based layoffs on wage rigidity in the context of performance pay. In the model, it becomes optimal for firms to raise future regular pay to maintain workers’ current efforts, which results in downwardly rigid regular pay under the threat of performance-based layoffs. Furthermore, it becomes optimal for firms to base wages less on workers’ performance during recessions due to the lower value of productivity. Consequently, wages during recessions also become “rigid” (inflexible) with respect to performance. The Japanese panel dataset supported these theoretical implications.JEL codesJ30; J33; J63
The effect of age and clinical circumstances on the outcome of red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients
Authors: Dejam Andre , Malley Brian E , Feng Mengling , Cismondi Federico , Park Shinhyuk , Samani Saira , Samani Zahra Aziz , Pinto Duane S , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Whether red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is beneficial remains controversial. In both retrospective and prospective evaluations, transfusion has been associated with adverse, neutral, or protective effects. These varying results likely stem from a complex interplay between transfusion, patient characteristics, and clinical context. The objective was to test whether age, comorbidities, and clinical context modulate the effect of transfusion on survival.

Methods
By using the multiparameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care II database (v. 2.6), a retrospective analysis of 9,809 critically ill patients, we evaluated the effect of RBC transfusion on 30-day and 1-year mortality. Propensity score modeling and logistic regression adjusted for known confounding and assessed the independent effect of transfusion on 30-day and 1-year mortality. Sensitivity analysis was performed by using 3,164 transfused and non-transfused pairs, matched according the previously validated propensity model for RBC transfusion.

Results
RBC transfusion did not affect 30-day or 1-year mortality in the overall cohort. Patients younger than 55 years had increased odds of mortality (OR, 1.71; P < 0.01) with transfusion. Patients older than 75 years had lower odds of 30-day and 1-year mortality (OR, 0.70; P < 0.01) with transfusion. Transfusion was associated with worse outcome among patients undergoing cardiac surgery (OR, 2.1; P < 0.01). The propensity-matched population corroborated findings identified by regression adjustment.

Conclusion
A complex relation exists between RBC transfusion and clinical outcome. Our results show that transfusion is associated with improved outcomes in some cohorts and worse outcome in others, depending on comorbidities and patient characteristics. As such, future investigations and clinical decisions evaluating the value of transfusion should account for variations in baseline characteristics and clinical context.
Interleukin-10 regulates the inflammasome-driven augmentation of inflammatory arthritis and joint destruction
Authors: Greenhill Claire J , Jones Gareth W , Nowell Mari A , Newton Zarabeth , Harvey Ann K , Moideen Abdul N , Collins Fraser L , Bloom Anja C , Coll Rebecca C , Robertson Avril AB , Cooper Matthew A , Rosas Marcela , Taylor Philip R , O'Neill Luke A , Humphreys Ian R , Williams Anwen S , Jones Simon A 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Activation of the inflammasome has been implicated in the pathology of various autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to arthritis progression, little is known about its synovial regulation or contribution to joint histopathology. Regulators of inflammation activation, such as interleukin (IL)-10, may have the potential to limit the inflammasome-driven arthritic disease course and associated structural damage. Hence, we used IL-10-deficient (IL-10KO) mice to assess NLRP3 inflammasome-driven arthritic pathology.

Methods
Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was established in IL-10KO mice and wild-type controls. Using histological and radiographic approaches together with quantitative real-time PCR of synovial mRNA studies, we explored the regulation of inflammasome components. These were combined with selective blocking agents and ex vivo investigative studies in osteoclast differentiation assays.

Results
In AIA, IL-10KO mice display severe disease with increased histological and radiographic joint scores. Here, focal bone erosions were associated with increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and a localized expression of IL-1β. When compared to controls, IL-10KO synovium showed increased expression of Il1b, Il33 and NLRP3 inflammasome components. Synovial Nlrp3 and Casp1 expression further correlated with Acp5 (encoding TRAP), while neutralization of IL-10 receptor signaling in control mice caused increased expression of Nlrp3 and Casp1. In ex vivo osteoclast differentiation assays, addition of exogenous IL-10 or selective blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibited osteoclastogenesis.

Conclusions
These data provide a link between IL-10, synovial regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the degree of bone erosions observed in inflammatory arthritis.
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate IFN-α production through activation-induced splicing of IL-18Rα
Authors: Chao Yinxia , Kaliaperumal Nivashini , Chretien Anne-Sophie , Tang Suisheng , Lee Bernett , Poidinger Michael , Fairhurst Anna-Marie , Connolly John E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIFN-α production by pDCs regulates host protection against viruses and is implicated in autoimmune pathology. Human pDCs express high levels of IL-18R, but little is known of its role in pDC function. We report that IL-18R signaling negatively regulates IFN-α production through activation-induced splicing of IL-18Rα in human pDCs. Our data reveal two distinct isoforms of IL-18Rα in human pDCs: the known, full-length receptor (IL-18Rα1) and a novel, truncated variant (IL-18Rα2), which functions as a molecular decoy that competitively inhibits the canonical IL-18Rα1/IL-18Rβ signaling pathway. Whereas NK cells and pDCs both express IL-18Rα1, pDCs express significantly higher levels of IL-18Rα2, resulting in differential responses of these populations to IL-18. Flu exposure increases IL-18Rα1 expression in pDCs, and the blocking of IL-18R enhances pDC production of IFN-α and IP-10; thus, pDCs use activation-induced splicing to regulate IFN-α production in response to flu. These data demonstrate that IL-18R modulates IFN-α release by human pDCs and suggest that IL-18R signaling may represent a promising therapeutic target.
Cross-talk among myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, and tumor cells impacts the inflammatory milieu of solid tumors
Authors: Beury Daniel W , Parker Katherine H , Nyandjo Maeva , Sinha Pratima , Carter Kayla A , Ostrand-Rosenberg Suzanne 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMDSC and macrophages are present in most solid tumors and are important drivers of immune suppression and inflammation. It is established that cross-talk between MDSC and macrophages impacts anti-tumor immunity; however, interactions between tumor cells and MDSC or macrophages are less well studied. To examine potential interactions between these cells, we studied the impact of MDSC, macrophages, and four murine tumor cell lines on each other, both in vitro and in vivo. We focused on IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and NO, as these molecules are produced by macrophages, MDSC, and many tumor cells; are present in most solid tumors; and regulate inflammation. In vitro studies demonstrated that MDSC-produced IL-10 decreased macrophage IL-6 and TNF-α and increased NO. IL-6 indirectly regulated MDSC IL-10. Tumor cells increased MDSC IL-6 and vice versa. Tumor cells also increased macrophage IL-6 and NO and decreased macrophage TNF-α. Tumor cell-driven macrophage IL-6 was reduced by MDSC, and tumor cells and MDSC enhanced macrophage NO. In vivo analysis of solid tumors identified IL-6 and IL-10 as the dominant cytokines and demonstrated that these molecules were produced predominantly by stromal cells. These results suggest that inflammation within solid tumors is regulated by the ratio of tumor cells to MDSC and macrophages and that interactions of these cells have the potential to alter significantly the inflammatory milieu within the tumor microenvironment.
Me2S-induced Highly Selective Reduction of Aldehydes in the Presence of Ketones Involving Aldehyde-selective Rate Enhancement: A Triruthenium Cluster-catalyzed Hydrosilylation
Authors: Yumino Shohei , Hashimoto Toru , Tahara Atsushi , Nagashima Hideo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Addition of appropriate amounts of Me2S unusually accelerated the hydrosilylation of aldehydes catalyzed by [Ru3(CO)7(Acy)] (1, Acy: µ3-η2,η3,η5-acenaphthylene). The reduction of ketones was completely suppressed under the reaction conditions. The highly selective reduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones was achieved via a nonconventional mechanism.
Effect of Inspection Holes on Flexural Properties of Douglas-Fir Utility Poles
Authors: Morrell Jeffrey J. , Sinha Arijit , Clauson Milo , Love Connie S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Routine inspection of wood utility poles to detect internal decay involves drilling holes at or about the ground line. While these holes are useful for detecting internal decay, their presence raises concern among engineers about their potential effects on pole flexural properties. The effect of inspection holes on flexural properties was studied on 92 Douglas-fir poles. Drilling up to six 20-mm-diameter inspection holes had no significant effect on flexural properties, indicating that inspection does not adversely affect pole condition.
Do Part-Time Volunteer Police Officers Aspire to Be Regular Police Officers?
Authors: Pepper Ian 
Published: August 2014

The freeze and now gradual thaw on regular police officer recruitment has meant that the role of the volunteer police officer (or special constable), has become increasingly important to the police service. This pool of over 19,000 part-time volunteer police officers is viewed by many within the police service as a potential recruiting ground for new regular officers. A research study was conducted over six months following a group of new part-time volunteer police officers as they were first exposed to operational policing. The research utilised a range of methods to gather data on their initial and changing motivations and career aspirations. The research confirmed that the role is viewed by many of the volunteer police officers sampled as a means through which they may gain employment as regular police officers and generally their motivations to achieve this policing role are high. The part-time volunteers also reported using this experience to help them decide if a full-time policing career is for them.
Police Stressors, Negative Outcomes Associated with Them and Coping Mechanisms That May Reduce These Associations
Authors: Can S. Hakan , Hendy Helen M. 
Published: August 2014

One purpose of the present study was to examine how exposure to police stressors was associated with increased risk for physical, psychological and interpersonal negative outcomes. Another purpose was to identify ‘healthy’ or ‘unhealthy’ coping mechanisms that mediate these associations between police stressors and negative outcomes. Participants included 201 police officers from small departments under 100 officers (96% male; mean age = 40.3 years; 91% Caucasian; 55% Patrol Officer rank; mean years of service = 15.0 years), who completed anonymous surveys that included the 25-item Law Enforcement Officer Stress Survey (LEOSS) and measures of health problems, self-esteem and aggression to romantic partners and police partners. They also reported 12 ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ coping mechanisms as suggested by the Theory of Threat Appraisal and Coping (exercise, sleep, eating fruit and vegetables, family support, police support, religiosity, alcohol, tobacco, snacks, caffeine, expressed anger, repressed anger). Higher exposure to police stressors was associated with increased risk for health problems, low self-esteem, partner aggression and police aggression. Repressed anger was the ‘unhealthy’ coping mechanism most significantly associated with officers' reports of police stressors. Mediation analysis revealed that only the removal of repressed anger dropped associations between police stressors and the four negative outcomes to non-significance. Present results demonstrate that the most prevalent coping mechanism used by stressed police officers may not always be associated with improvements in outcomes. Employee assistance programmes for officers with high levels of police stressors should focus on anger-management and anger-expression skills.
The medial metaphor: Hip hop as media
Authors: Sachs Aaron Dickinson 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the mid-1980s, hip hop began shifting from a subcultural articulation organized around a set of cultural practices – namely breaking (breakdancing), graffiti and party-DJing – to an articulation as rap music culture. I use the scholarship of media ecologist Harold Adams Innis to argue that the distinct and opposing medial, or structural, qualities of the elements primary to each articulation contributed to this shift. Looking at these competing articulations of hip hop through the lens of media ecology in detail illuminates telling differences about the articulations of hip hop culture in the mid-1980s that may help further explain the current definitive dominance of rap music in hip hop culture.