bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic conditioning enhances human bmMSC therapy of doxorubicin-induced heart failure
Authors: Jacques Virginie , Benaouadi Sabrina , Descamps Jean-Gerard , Reina Nicolas , Espagnolle Nicolas , Marsal Dimitri , Sainte-Marie Yannis , Boudet Alexandre , Pinto Carla , Farge Thomas , Savagner Frédérique 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (bmMSCs) to address heart failure needs improvement for better engraftment and survival. This study explores the role of metabolic sorting for human bmMSCs in coculture in vitro and on doxorubicin-induced heart failure mice models. Using functional, epigenetic, and gene expression approaches on cells sorted for mitochondrial membrane potential in terms of their metabolic status, we demonstrated that bmMSCs selected for their glycolytic metabolism presented proliferative advantage and resistance to oxidative stress thereby favoring cell engraftment. Therapeutic use of glycolytic bmMSCs rescued left ventricular ejection fraction and decreased fibrosis in mice models of acute heart failure. Metabolic changes were also related to epigenetic histone modifications such as lysine methylation. By targeting LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1) as a conditioning agent to enhance the metabolic profile of bmMSCs, we deciphered the interplay between glycolysis and bmMSC functionality. Our study elucidates novel strategies for optimizing bmMSC-based treatments for heart failure, highlighting the metabolic properties of bmMSCs as a promising target for more effective cardiovascular regenerative therapies.
LncRNA‐Snhg3 regulates mouse hepatic glycogenesis under normal chow diet
Authors: Xie Xianghong , Gao Mingyue , Wang Heping , Zhang Minglong , Zhao Wei , Li Chunmei , Zhang Weihong , Yang Jiahui , Zhang Yinliang , Chen Enhui , Guo Yanfang , Guo Zeyu , Ngowi Ebenezeri Erasto , Wang Xiaoman , Zhu Yinghan , Wang Yiting , Li Xiaolu , Yao Hong , Yan Li , Fang Fude , Li Meixia , Qiao Aijun , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are strongly associated with glucose homeostasis, but their roles remain largely unknown. In this study, the potential role of lncRNA‐Snhg3 in glucose metabolism was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we found a positive relationship between Snhg3 and hepatic glycogenesis. Glucose tolerance improved in hepatocyte‐specific Snhg3 knock‐in (Snhg3‐HKI) mice, while it worsened in hepatocyte‐specific Snhg3 knockout (Snhg3‐HKO) mice. Furthermore, hepatic glycogenesis had shown remarkable increase in Snhg3‐HKI mice and reduction in Snhg3‐HKO mice, respectively. Mechanistically, Snhg3 increased mRNA and protein expression levels of PPP1R3B through inducing chromatin remodeling and promoting the phosphorylation of protein kinase B. Collectively, these results suggested that lncRNA‐Snhg3 plays a critical role in hepatic glycogenesis.
The Concept of Treatment-Refractory Addiction: A Call to the Field
Authors: Strain Eric C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Not all patients respond to effective and approved treatment interventions, and there has been growing recognition in the medical field of these “resistant” or refractory illnesses (eg, treatment-resistant depression, resistant hypertension). In the field of substance use disorders, there has not been an explicit acknowledgement of treatment-refractory addiction (TRA) despite substantial evidence that many patients do not respond to standard-of-care treatment interventions. This article provides a justification for TRA as a critically important condition to recognize and define. TRA is not conceptualized as a diagnosis, but as a signal that a current treatment approach has not worked. The article addresses areas in need of research and consensus in order to ensure the approach to TRA is uniform, thoughtfully addressed, and data-driven. By explicitly acknowledging TRA, clinicians, researchers, and patients and their families can begin to explore the unique features of this population and find ways in which substance use disorders for persons with TRA can be more effectively addressed, which in turn will help to expand remission for persons who suffer from these devastating conditions.
Treatment Failure Versus Failed Treatments: The Risks of Embracing Treatment Refractory Addiction
Authors: Fiellin David A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this issue, Strain advocates for the field of addiction medicine to consider a new diagnostic signal—treatment-refractory addiction. Also in this issue, Nunes and McLellan support the concepts advanced by Strain. I provide an alternate view and propose that it is premature to create such a signal and that doing so could lead to unintended adverse consequences. My argument is based on 4 concerns: (1) the lack of neuroscientific correlates, (2) the profound impact that context has on what patients receive as “treatment,” (3) the rare provision of sequentially stepped treatment, and (4) the potential for misuse of the signal. Addiction medicine should be cautious in introducing concepts such as treatment-refractory addiction to ensure that patients are not seen as “treatment failures.” Our efforts should rather focus on the development of additional effective treatments, improving access to existing effective treatments and a creating a system that does not provide “failed treatments.”
Revisiting Preaddiction
Authors: Miller Shannon C. , Levy Sharon , Saxon Andrew J. , Tetrault Jeanette M. , Rosenthal Richard N. , Wakeman Sarah , Vocci Frank 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The directors of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism have proposed new efforts to enable earlier identification and intervention for harmful substance use and its consequences. As editors of The ASAM Principles of Addiction Medicine, we fully support this goal. The word “preaddiction” has been suggested as a diagnostic label to describe individuals who would be targeted for early intervention. In this commentary, we offer that “unhealthy substance use” would be a better descriptor than “preaddiction” and review several potential barriers to be addressed in order to maximize the impact of introducing this new paradigm.
Performance of the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use (TAPS) Tool in Screening Older Adults for Unhealthy Substance Use
Authors: Han Benjamin H. , Palamar Joseph J. , Moore Alison A. , Schwartz Robert P. , Wu Li-Tzy , Subramaniam Geetha , McNeely Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

Objective
This analysis evaluated the validation results of the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use (TAPS) tool for older adults.

Methods
We performed a subgroup analysis of older adults aged ≥65 (n = 184) from the TAPS tool validation study conducted in 5 primary care clinics. We compared the interviewer and self-administered versions of the TAPS tool at a cutoff of ≥1 for identifying problem use with a reference standard measure, the modified World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Results
The mean age was 70.6 ± 5.9 years, 52.7% were female, and 49.5% were non-Hispanic Black. For identifying problem use, the self-administered TAPS tool had sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.75–0.98) and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.95) for tobacco; sensitivity of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.45–0.86) and specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.93) for alcohol; and sensitivity 0.86 (95% CI: 0.42–1.00) and specificity 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90–0.97) for cannabis. The interviewer-administered TAPS tool had similar results. We were unable to evaluate its performance for identifying problem use of individual classes of drugs other than cannabis in this population due to small sample sizes.

Conclusions
While the TAPS had excellent sensitivity and specificity for identifying tobacco use among older adults, the results for other substances lack precision, and we were unable to evaluate its performance for prescription medications and individual illicit drugs in this sample. This analysis underlines the critical need to adapt and validate screening tools for unhealthy substance use, specifically for older populations who have unique risks.
Interstitial lung disease and myositis
Authors: Gono Takahisa , Kuwana Masataka 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
In patients with myositis, interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Given the limited evidence, there is an urgent need to refine the treatment for myositis-ILD. This review aims to highlight recent updates on the management of myositis-associated ILD, focusing on screening, risk stratification, and treatment.

Recent findings
Asian race and/or residence, dermatomyositis, mechanic's hand, antisynthetase antibodies, and antimelanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibodies are risk factors for ILD development. Patients with such risk factors should be screened for ILD using high-resolution computed tomography. Various prediction models for mortality or rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD) in patients with myositis-ILD have been proposed, but validation of these models in multiple independent studies is required. Academic societies in Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States have proposed tentative treatment algorithms for myositis-ILD on the basis of the presence or absence of RP-ILD.

Summary
Knowledge on myositis-ILD risk stratification, potentially useful for personalized management approaches in clinical practice, is accumulating. However, further global joint efforts are necessary to build a strong evidence base for consensus algorithms for myositis-ILD.
Evaluating Postoperative Pain Management Using the Detroit Interventional Pain Management Tool After Fracture Surgery: How Well Are We Really Doing?
Authors: Boggs Lauryn J. , Stine Sasha A. , Heuvers Eunice , Ross Hunter L. , Vaidya Rahul 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To assess patients' opioid prescription usage and pain management satisfaction after fracture surgery.

METHODS:

Design:
An IRB-approved prospective prognostic cohort study for postoperative patients with fracture was conducted. Patients were evaluated by an independent observer at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively where they were given Detroit Interventional Pain Assessment questionnaires regarding their postoperative pain and opioid usage. Opioid prescriptions were verified by the Michigan Automated Prescription System. All patients were divided into major fractures (tibia, femur, acetabulum, pelvis, calcaneus, talus, and polytrauma) and minor fractures (scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, scaphoid, carpal/metacarpal, patella, fibula, ankle, and metatarsal) and were followed for 2 years.

Setting:
Single-Center Level One Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients presenting to clinic over a 6-month period were invited to participate in this study. Patients who did not consent were excluded.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Outcome measures were the amount of prescribed opioids in daily morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), opioid usage, DIPA pain scores, and pain management efficiency (percentage of patients reporting no pain or tolerable pain with their regimen). Prescribed MMEs, pain management efficiency scores, and the percentage of patients using opioids were compared across all postoperative periods.

RESULTS:
For 201 patients with fracture, the average age was 47.8 ± 16.3 SD (18–87 years), and there were 116 men (57.8%) and 85 women (42.2%). The percentage of patients using opioids and their daily prescribed MMEs significantly decreased from 2 weeks (48.2%, 21.6 MMEs) to 6 months (10.3%, 8.13 MMEs) (P < 0.001). Fifty-one percent of patients were off opioids at 2 weeks, 64.5% at 6 weeks, 84.2% at 3 months, and 89.7% at 6 months. All opioid prescriptions at 6 months and 2 years were prescribed to patients with polytrauma who underwent sequential surgeries, and these prescriptions originated from outside prescribers. Pain management efficiency scores were worst at 2 weeks (67.2%) but improved at 3 months (82.6%).

CONCLUSIONS:
As patients transitioned further from their surgical date, there was a decrease in opioid prescriptions and patient-reported opioid usage. Despite the opioid tapering practices by surgeons, patients with polytrauma still received prescriptions from outside prescribers for orthopaedic aftercare after 3 months, signaling the necessity for patients to see outside prescribers for their pain management after this time.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pericardiocentesis, Chest Tube Insertion, and Needle Thoracostomy During Resuscitation of Nontraumatic Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Andrea Luke , Rahmanian Marjan , Bangar Maneesha , Shiloh Ariel L. , Balakrishnan Rithvik , Soleiman Aron , Carlese Anthony , Gong Michelle N. , Moskowitz Ari 
Published: August 2024

IMPORTANCE:
In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a significant public health burden. Rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) have been improving, but the best way to care for patients after the initial resuscitation remains poorly understood, and improvements in survival to discharge are stagnant. Existing North American cardiac arrest databases lack comprehensive data on the postresuscitation period, and we do not know current post-IHCA practice patterns. To address this gap, we developed the Discover IHCA study, which will thoroughly evaluate current post-IHCA care practices across a diverse cohort.

OBJECTIVES:
Our study collects granular data on post-IHCA treatment practices, focusing on temperature control and prognostication, with the objective of describing variation in current post-IHCA practices.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
This is a multicenter, prospectively collected, observational cohort study of patients who have suffered IHCA and have been successfully resuscitated (achieved ROSC). There are 24 enrolling hospital systems (23 in the United States) with 69 individuals enrolling in hospitals (39 in the United States). We developed a standardized data dictionary, and data collection began in October 2023, with a projected 1000 total enrollments. Discover IHCA is endorsed by the Society of Critical Care Medicine.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
The study collects data on patient characteristics, including prearrest frailty, arrest characteristics, and detailed information on postarrest practices and outcomes. Data collection on post-IHCA practice was structured around current American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Among other data elements, the study captures postarrest temperature control interventions and postarrest prognostication methods.

RESULTS:
The majority of participating hospital systems are large, academic, tertiary care centers serving urban populations. The analysis will evaluate variations in practice and their association with mortality and neurologic function.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
We expect this study, Discover IHCA, to identify variability in practice and outcomes following IHCA and be a vital resource for future investigations into best practices for managing patients after IHCA.
Combination of Hydrogen Inhalation and Hypothermic Temperature Control After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Post hoc Analysis of the Efficacy of Inhaled Hydrogen on Neurologic Outcome Following Brain Ischemia During PostCardiac Arrest Care II Trial
Authors: Tamura Tomoyoshi , Narumiya Hiromichi , Homma Koichiro , Suzuki Masaru ,   Efficacy of Inhaled Hydrogen on Neurologic Outcome Following Brain Ischemia During PostCardiac Arrest Care (HYBRID II) Study Group
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE:
The Efficacy of Inhaled Hydrogen on Neurologic Outcome Following Brain Ischemia During Post-Cardiac Arrest Care (HYBRID) II trial (jRCTs031180352) suggested that hydrogen inhalation may reduce post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI). However, the combination of hypothermic target temperature management (TTM) and hydrogen inhalation on outcomes is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of hydrogen inhalation and hypothermic TTM on outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

DESIGN:
Post hoc analysis of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.

SETTING:
Fifteen Japanese ICUs.

PATIENTS:
Cardiogenic OHCA enrolled in the HYBRID II trial.

INTERVENTIONS:
Hydrogen mixed oxygen (hydrogen group) versus oxygen alone (control group).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
TTM was performed at a target temperature of 32–34°C (TTM32–TTM34) or 35–36°C (TTM35–TTM36) per the institutional protocol. The association between hydrogen + TTM32–TTM34 and 90-day good neurologic outcomes was analyzed using generalized estimating equations. The 90-day survival was compared between the hydrogen and control groups under TTM32–TTM34 and TTM35–TTM36, respectively. The analysis included 72 patients (hydrogen [n = 39] and control [n = 33] groups) with outcome data. TTM32–TTM34 was implemented in 25 (64%) and 24 (73%) patients in the hydrogen and control groups, respectively (p = 0.46). Under TTM32–TTM34, 17 (68%) and 9 (38%) patients achieved good neurologic outcomes in the hydrogen and control groups, respectively (relative risk: 1.81 [95% CI, 1.05–3.66], p < 0.05). Hydrogen + TTM32–TTM34 was independently associated with good neurologic outcomes (adjusted odds ratio 16.10 [95% CI, 1.88–138.17], p = 0.01). However, hydrogen + TTM32–TTM34 did not improve survival compared with TTM32–TTM34 alone (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.22 [95% CI, 0.05–1.06], p = 0.06).

CONCLUSIONS:
Hydrogen + TTM32–TTM34 was associated with improved neurologic outcomes after cardiogenic OHCA compared with TTM32–TTM34 monotherapy. Hydrogen inhalation is a promising treatment option for reducing PCABI when combined with TTM32–TTM34.
Determinants of thoracic aortic size in normotensive and hypertensive individuals
Authors: Pham Michael H.C. , Kühl Jørgen T. , Fuchs Andreas , Sigvardsen Per E. , Sillesen Henrik , Afzal Shoaib , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Køber Lars V. , Kofoed Klaus F. 
Published: August 2024

Aims:Thoracic aortic diameter is modulated by various factors including both physiological and pathological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of thoracic aortic size focusing on arterial blood pressure and physical activity in normotensive and hypertensive individuals.Methods:Ascending and descending aortic diameters were measured in participants of the Copenhagen General Population Study using thoracic CT angiography. To assess the relation between arterial blood pressure and thoracic aortic diameters, individuals with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and prescribed antihypertensive medication were excluded. Intensity of physical activity was recorded based on self-reported questionnaire data.Results:A total of 1214 normotensive and 284 hypertensive individuals were examined. In all individuals, male sex, older age, and body surface area were associated with higher diameters of the ascending and descending aorta (P < 0.01). In normotensive individuals, hard physical activity > 4 h/week was independently associated with higher thoracic aortic diameters (ascending β:1.09[0.52;1.66] and descendingβ: 0.47[0.14;0.80], bothP < 0.01), whereas higher systolic blood pressure was not associated with thoracic aortic diameters (ascendingP = 0.12 and descendingp = 0.33). In hypertensive individuals, higher systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg) was independently associated with higher thoracic aortic diameters (ascendingβ: 0.55[0.17;0.94] and descendingβ: 0.23[0.10;0.37] mm/10 mmHg, bothP < 0.01), whereas hard physical activity was not associated with higher aortic diameters (ascendingP = 0.11 and descendingP = 0.51).Conclusion:In normotensive individuals hard physical activity, and in hypertensive individuals increasing systolic blood pressure are factors each independently associated with larger thoracic aortic size. These findings suggest a context sensitive mode of aortic vascular response to size modulating adaptation.
Effect of Lens Deviation on Peripheral Defocus and Optic Quality in Adolescents With Moderate and Severe Myopia
Authors: Yu Jia , Zhou Yuehua 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of lens deviation on peripheral defocus and optic quality in adolescents with moderate and severe myopia.

Methods:
This prospective study enrolled 81 children (81 eyes). The spherical equivalent was −5.0≤SE≤−6.0 diopter. The participants were divided into two subgroups based on their eccentricity (inferior temporal) after wearing the lenses for 12 months. Between them, the low eccentric subgroup (A) had a total eccentric distance of less than 0.5 mm, and the moderate and severe eccentric subgroup (B) had a total eccentric distance of ≥0.5 mm. Peripheral defocus and eccentricity were measured before and after wearing the lenses, and the Spearman test was used to compare the parameters.

Results:
Parameters such as the total peripheral defocus (TRDV) were significantly lower in subgroup B than in subgroup A after 12 months of orthokeratology lens usage. The axial length growth (ΔAL) in subgroup A was higher than that in subgroup B. Axial length growth, TRDV, and other parameters were significantly associated with eccentricity. The modulation transfer function cutoff and Strehl ratio were also significantly associated with eccentricity.

Conclusions:
Greater eccentricity within a certain range can induce greater periretinal defocus and improve the ΔAL.
Ocular involvement in Steven-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: recent insights into pathophysiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Pisitpayat Punyanuch , Nijvipakul Sarayut , Jongkhajornpong Passara 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
To review the pathophysiology, recent biomarkers related to the ocular aspects of Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and to highlight notable evidence published in recent years.

Recent findings
Several studies reveal the relationship between tear cytokines and the pathological components in eyes of SJS/TEN patients. Specific clinical features and associated risk factors in the acute stage have shown significant correlations with chronic ocular sequelae. Recent treatment protocols, including early pulse systemic and topical steroids, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, have demonstrated positive effects on ocular outcomes. In addition to conventional surgical treatment, a new surgical technique, simple oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (SOMET), has been introduced as a simple ocular surface reconstruction for patient with SJS.

Summary
Advancements in knowledge and management strategies have notably enhanced ocular outcomes for SJS/TEN eyes. A deeper understanding of the biomarker changes in these eyes could facilitate the development of future targeted treatment options.