bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system multiple myeloma – potential roles for intrathecal therapy and measurement of cerebrospinal fluid light chains
Authors: Lee Denise , Kalff Anna , Low Michael , Gangatharan Shane , Ho Prahlad , Bajel Ashish , Ritchie David , Grigg Andrew , Spencer Andrew 
Published: May 2013

SummaryCentral nervous system (CNS) multiple myeloma (MM) is exceedingly rare and portends a dismal prognosis. While immunomodulators have contributed to the improvement in survival in MM, they appear to have limited activity against CNS MM and, paradoxically, may contribute to the evolution of resistant MM clones capable of surviving within the CNS. We undertook a retrospective analysis to characterize the features of CNS MM and outcome in 17 patients from four institutions identified between 2000 and 2011. The median age was 58 years. Patients had received a median of three prior therapies and all had been exposed to at least one of the so‐called novel anti‐MM agents before the diagnosis of CNS MM. The median time to CNS disease from initial diagnosis was 36 months. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) light chain measurements produced discrepant results to serum light chain measurements in some patients. Treatments included systemic pharmacotherapy, intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (RT). The median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis of CNS MM was only 4 months. OS was significantly better in patients who received IT chemotherapy (20 months vs. 2 months, respectively; P < 0·02). We conclude that the systematic evaluation of IT therapy and diagnostic utility of CSF light chain measurements in CNS MM are warranted.
MED1101: A new dialdehydic compound regulating P2×7 receptor cell surface expression in U937 cells
Authors: Muzzachi Stefania , Blasi Antonella , Ciani Elena , Favia Maria , Cardone Rosa A. , Marzulli Domenico , Reshkin Stephan J. , Merizzi Giulia , Casavola Valeria , Soleti Antonio , Guerra Lorenzo 
Published: May 2013

Background informationP2×7R is a member of the ionotropic family of purinergic receptors activated by millimolar concentrations of extracellular ATP such as induced by inflammatory stimuli. The receptor is widely expressed in cells of haematopoietic origin such as monocytes, macrophages and microglia. There is growing interest in anta‐gonist compounds of the P2×7R since it has been demonstrated to be a viable therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. Here, we tested the possible P2×7 antagonist effect of MED1101, a newly synthesised dialdehydic compound on U937 monocyte cells.ResultsHuman U937 cells express the full‐length P2×7A receptor isoform. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inducer of inflammation, significantly increased the expression of the receptor in the plasma membrane. Importantly, MED1101 induced internalisation of the P2×7R already after 30 min incubation in both physiological conditions and in presence of the inflammatory stimulus (LPS) and this effect was observable for up to 12 h after its removal. Moreover, MED1101 induced an impairment of monocyte migration/transmigration through direct P2×7R antagonism and subsequent inhibition of the intracellular signal transduction processes of Ca2+ influx and MAPK phosphorylation.ConclusionsOur results clearly demonstrate that in U937 monocyte cells MED1101 acts as a P2×7R antagonist through the induction of receptor internalisation and subsequent inhibition of down‐stream signal transduction pathways that regulate monocyte migration/transmigration, thus playing a potential therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases.
PPP1R42, a PP1 binding protein, regulates centrosome dynamics in ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: DeVaul Nicole , Wang Rong , Sperry Ann O. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe centrosome is the primary site for microtubule nucleation in cells and orchestrates reorganisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton during the cell cycle. The activities of the centrosome must be closely aligned with progression of the cell cycle; misregulation of centrosome separation and duplication is a hallmark of cancer. In a subset of cells, including the developing spermatid, the centrosome becomes specialised to form the basal body thereby supporting growth of the axoneme in morphogenesis of cilia and flagella, structures critical for signalling and motility. Mammalian spermatogenesis is an excellent model system to investigate the transformations in cellular architecture that accompany these changes including formation of the flagellum. We have previously identified a leucine‐rich repeat protein (PPP1R42) that contains a protein phosphatase‐1 binding site and translocates from the apical nucleus to the centrosome at the base of the flagellum during spermiogenesis. In this manuscript, we examine localisation and function of PPP1R42 in a ciliated epithelial cell model as a first step in understanding the role of this protein in centrosome function and flagellar formation.ResultsWe demonstrate that PPP1R42 localises to the basal body in ARPE‐19 retinal epithelial cells. Co‐localisation and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments further show that PPP1R42 interacts with γ‐tubulin. Inhibition of PPP1R42 with small interfering RNAs causes accumulation of centrosomes indicating premature centrosome separation. Importantly, the activity of two signalling molecules that regulate centrosome separation, PP1 phosphatase and NEK2 kinase, changes when PPP1R42 is inhibited: PP1 activity is reduced with a corresponding increase in NEK2 activity.ConclusionsWe have identified a role for the PP1‐binding protein, PPP1R42, in centrosome separation in ciliated ARPE‐19 cells. Our finding that inhibition of PPP1R42 expression increases the number of centrosomes per cell is consistent with our model that PPP1R42 is a positive regulator of PP1. PPP1R42 depletion reduces the activity of PP1 leading to activation of NEK2, the kinase responsible for phosphorylation of centrosomal linker proteins promoting centrosome separation. This work identifies a new molecule localised to the centrosome and basal body with a role in the complex signalling network responsible for controlling centrosome activities.
Children's narratives of sexual abuse
Authors: Jackson Sharon , Newall Elinor , Backett‐Milburn Kathryn 
Published: May 2013

AbstractChildren rarely disclose sexual abuse. Hence, studies of children's abuse experiences are relatively rare. This paper reports on a qualitative analysis of 2986 cases of self‐disclosure of sexual abuse from children, aged 5–18 years, who contacted ChildLine Scotland, a free, confidential telephone counselling service. Children discussed their feelings regarding the abuse, the impact of abuse on their health and well‐being, sources of support, disclosure, coping strategies, the context in which abuse occurs and the various ways in which they were groomed or their compliance in abuse was gained. Children's narratives contained detailed contextual information on their experiences of sexual abuse, perpetrators of sexual abuse and the circumstances in which sexual abuse occurs. The way in which children communicated about sexual abuse was found to differ quite considerably, and the terminology they employed was often markedly different from adult constructs. Nonetheless, children of all ages were able to describe their experiences and their feelings around the abuse in considerable detail. This study provides a rare insight into children's accounts of sexual abuse. The findings illustrate the profound impact that sexual abuse has on the lives of children and their understandings of the circumstances in which abuse occurs.
Acquired reactive perforating dermatosis
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAcquired reactive perforating dermatosis is characterized by umbilicated erythematous papules and plaques with firmly adherent crusts. Histopathological examination shows a typical cup‐shaped ulceration in the epidermis containing cellular debris and collagen. There is transepidermal elimination of degenerated material with basophilic collagen bundles. The etiology and pathogenesis of acquired reactive perforating dermatosis are unclear. Metabolic disorders and malignancies are associated with this dermatosis. Associated pruritus is regarded as a key pathogenic factor. Constant scratching may cause a repetitive trauma to the skin. This pathogenesis may involve a genetic predisposition. The trauma may lead to degeneration of the collagen bundles. Treatment of acquired reactive perforating dermatosis follows a multimodal approach. Apart from the treating any underlying disease, treatment of pruritus is a major goal. Systemic steroids and retinoids, as well as UVB phototherapy are well‐established treatment options. Some patients may also benefit from oral allopurinol.
Distribution and movement of European grayling in a subarctic lake revealed by acoustic telemetry
Authors: Bass Arthur L. , Haugen Thrond O. , Vøllestad L. Asbjørn 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKnowledge of the horizontal and vertical distribution and habitat use of fish in lakes provides insights into the ecology, evolution and conservation of a species. Using high‐resolution, high‐frequency sampling, we provide an account of the distribution and movements of adult European grayling, Thymallus thymallus, in a recently colonised subarctic lake. We evaluated summer home range size, daily and seasonal patterns in vertical movement and vertical distribution of individuals relative to the summer thermocline. There was an allometric relationship between body size and home range area. Individuals showed diverse patterns of daily movement and some clear circadian cycles, likely mediated by light. All individuals that were monitored during the winter under ice were within 2 m of the surface. Most fish associated with the thermocline during the period for which we were able to estimate its centre point. We propose that the patterns we observed are primarily driven by foraging opportunity and that foraging tactics differ between individuals and seasons.
Benzodiazepine overtreatment in status epilepticus is related to higher need of intubation and longer hospitalization
Authors: Spatola Marianna , Alvarez Vincent , Rossetti Andrea O. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBenzodiazepine (BDZ), a widely recognized first‐line status epilepticus (SE) treatment, may lead to respiratory depression. This cohort study investigates the effect of BDZ doses in SE patients in terms of morbidity and mortality. It considers incident SE episodes from a prospective registry (2009–2012), comparing patients receiving standard BDZ dose to those receiving exceeding doses (>30% above recommended dose), in terms of likelihood to receive intubation, morbidity, and mortality. Duration of hospitalization was assessed for subjects needing intubation for airways protection (not for refractory SE treatment) versus matched subjects not admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We identified 29 subjects receiving “excessive” and 173 “standard” BDZ dose; 45% of the overtreated patients were intubated for airways protection, but only 8% in the standard‐dose group (p < 0.001). However, both groups presented similar clinical outcomes: 50% returned to baseline, 40% acquired a new handicap, and 10% died. Orotracheal intubation due to airways protection was associated with significantly longer hospitalization (mean 2 weeks vs. 1 week, p = 0.008). In conclusion, although administration of excessive BDZ doses in SE treatment does not seem to influence outcome, it is related to higher respiratory depression risk and longer hospitalization, potentially exposing patients to additional complications and costs.
A central role for inducible heat‐shock protein 70 in autoimmune vitiligo
Authors: Mosenson Jeffrey A. , Eby Jonathan M. , Hernandez Claudia , Le Poole I. Caroline 
Published: May 2013

AbstractInducible heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70i) is a protein regulated by stress that protects cells from undergoing apoptosis. Such proteins are marvellously well conserved throughout evolution, which has placed them in the spotlight for helping to understand the intriguing relationship between infection and immunity. In the presence of stress proteins, dendritic cells (DCs) will sense this alarm signal and respond by recruiting immune cells of different plumage to fit the occasion. In times of stress, melanocytes will secrete antigen‐bound HSP70i to act as an alarm signal in activating DCs that comes equipped with an address of origin to drive the autoimmune response in vitiligo. Here we pose that if the autoimmune response is funnelled through HSP70i, then blocking the stress protein from activating DCs can lend new treatment opportunities for vitiligo.
Comparison of urea clearance in low‐efficiency low‐flux vs. high‐efficiency high‐flux dialyzer membrane with reduced blood and dialysate flow: An in vitro analysis
Authors: Munshi Raj , Ahmad Suhail 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRapid removal of small molecules during hemodialysis places an acutely ill patient with kidney failure at an increased risk of hemodynamic instability and for dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. The use of high‐flux, high‐efficiency (HEF) dialyzers may increase this risk despite reductions in blood and dialysate flow. We performed in vitro experiments to compare urea clearance at low dialysate flow and various blood flows using a low‐efficiency low‐flux (LEF) and a HEF membrane. Compared to LEF, there was a significant increase in the clearance of urea at all blood flows with the HEF (all P values < 0.005). HEF dialyzer (F180NR) had higher urea clearance at a blood flow of 150 mL/min than LEF dialyzer (F5) at blood flow of 300 mL/min (144.1 ± 0.99 vs. 130.1 ± 0.001 mL/min for F180 vs. F5, respectively, P < 0.002). Our data suggest that use of HEF dialyzer are not as safe as LEF in high‐risk acute dialysis patients since these are associated with more rapid removal of urea despite reduction in blood and dialysate flow as compared to LEF.
Expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, in the development of periapical lesions
Authors: Wang L. , Sun Z. , Liu L. , Peng B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, in the development of periapical lesions induced in rats and explore the possible role of these substances in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.MethodologyPeriapical lesions in mandibular first molar teeth were established in 30 rats following pulp exposure to the oral environment. The animals were killed 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after lesion induction. The development of periapical lesions was investigated by histological and enzyme histochemical examination. The distributions of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in the periapical tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Osteoclasts and CX3CL1‐positive cells were counted in each specimen. The data were then analysed by one‐way anova using the SPSS 13.0 statistical package.ResultsThe lesions expanded from days 0 to 14 and stabilized thereafter. Where expansion of the periapical lesion was most evident, numerous CX3CL1‐positive cells were observed around the apical foramen and adjacent periapical areas. From days 21 to 42, subjacent connective tissues presented intense CX3CL1 immunostaining in inflammatory cells with different morphologies, such as round, oval and fibroblastic. The number of CX3CL1‐positive cells increased from days 7 to 28, but decreased on day 42 post‐operation. Double immunofluorescence staining showed CX3CL1‐ and CX3CR1‐positive cells around periapical lesions surrounding the apical foramen. Most CX3CL1‐positive cells were mononuclear in nature, which suggests the presence of macrophages, infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes, and overlapped with CX3CR1‐positive cells.ConclusionsCX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are related to the development of periapical lesions. The chemokine and its receptor may be involved in the progression of tissue destruction, including bone resorption, during periapical inflammation.
Diagnosis and management for urosepsis
Authors: Wagenlehner Florian ME , Lichtenstern Christoph , Rolfes Caroline , Mayer Konstantin , Uhle Florian , Weidner Wolfgang , Weigand Markus A 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUrosepsis is defined as sepsis caused by a urogenital tract infection. Urosepsis in adults comprises approximately 25% of all sepsis cases, and is in most cases due to complicated urinary tract infections. The urinary tract is the infection site of severe sepsis or septic shock in approximately 10–30% of cases. Severe sepsis and septic shock is a critical situation, with a reported mortality rate nowadays still ranging from 30% to 40%. Urosepsis is mainly a result of obstructed uropathy of the upper urinary tract, with ureterolithiasis being the most common cause. The complex pathogenesis of sepsis is initiated when pathogen or damage‐associated molecular patterns recognized by pattern recognition receptors of the host innate immune system generate pro‐inflammatory cytokines. A transition from the innate to the adaptive immune system follows until a TH2 anti‐inflammatory response takes over, leading to immunosuppression. Treatment of urosepsis comprises four major aspects: (i) early diagnosis; (ii) early goal‐directed therapy including optimal pharmacodynamic exposure to antimicrobials both in the plasma and in the urinary tract; (iii) identification and control of the complicating factor in the urinary tract; and (iv) specific sepsis therapy. Early adequate tissue oxygenation, adequate initial antibiotic therapy, and rapid identification and control of the septic focus in the urinary tract are critical steps in the successful management of a patient with urosepsis, which includes early imaging, and an optimal interdisciplinary approach encompassing emergency unit, urological and intensive‐care medicine specialists.
Towards an ecological account of media choice: a case study on pluralistic reasoning while choosing email
Authors: Jung Yusun , Lyytinen Kalle 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe discourse around media choice has generated a diverse array of media choice factors originating from both the media‐based and social interaction‐based approaches. The multitude of these factors hints at the adaptive nature of media choice. Alas, how a user engages with such factors and adaptively carries out media choice has remained understudied. We undertake a field study to explore the role of a plurality of choice factors and their interactions in shaping media choice processes and outcomes. In particular, we focus on how a user identifies relationships among plural choice factors while he or she works on his or her particular choice resulting in a similar outcome – email – given a large number of alternatives. Drawing upon a theory of affordances, we propose a systemic way of narrating the dynamics of media choice as a multi‐dimensional process where a user explores her or his surroundings – a niche – as to establish media affordances that will then help her or him achieve a communication goal. We identify five relational patterns of interactions among specific choice factors: reciprocity, emergence, complementarity, re‐exploration and actualisation. These patterns are shown to be emergent and highly interdependent. We conclude by reviewing future research avenues to formulate richer ‘ecological’ accounts of media choice.
VASCULAR ACCESS GRAFT AND NATIVE ARTERIAL BRANCH FISTULOUS FORMATION
Authors: Hayeri Mohammad Reza , Simmons Salmi , Gok Beril 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis is the first reported case of an unusual complication of upper extremity swelling of the arm in a patient with an arterio‐venous (AV) graft for haemodialysis. A graftogram demonstrated an aberrant fistula formation between the native arterial branch and the AV graft (aberrant arterio‐graft fistula). Inadvertent back wall laceration of the AV graft during haemodialysis cannulation was postulated to be the aetiology. Aberrant arterio‐graft fistula formation may be hard to diagnose because of the presence of thrill or bruit at the level of the anastomoses and rarity of the complication. Progression of extremity swelling with or without central venous occlusion should raise the suspicion and sought further investigation. Proper cannulation techniques prior to haemodialysis may prevent such complications.
Adoptive transfusion of tolerance dendritic cells prolongs the survival of skin allografts in mice: a systematic review
Authors: Zhou Yanni , Shan Juan , Li Youping , Guo Yingjia , Sun Guixiang , Yang Tong , Xia Mengjuan , Feng Li 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to systematically review adoptive transfusion of tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol‐DCs) induced by different ways to affect skin allograft survival in mice.MethodsWe searched PubMed and EMbase for relevant studies and evaluated the quality of included ones. Taking skin allograft survival time as endpoint outcome, we displayed outcomes of each group using one forest map and dissected possible mechanisms underlying survival prolongation.ResultsWe included 21 studies, which reported four methods of inducing Tol‐DCs with different extents of average allograft survival prolongation: skin allograft survival time was prolonged (the drug intervention group, 63.08 ± 42.92 days, 4.6 folds to control; the cytokine induction group: 26.17 ± 16.20 days, 1.8 folds; the gene modification group: 14.65 ± 17.89 days, 1.5 folds; other derivation group 9.63 ± 24.38 days, 0.5 fold). Possible mechanisms underlying survival prolongation included induction of donor‐specific T cell hyporesponsiveness, reduction of cytotoxicity against allografts, Th0 skewing to Th2, and generation or expansion of Treg. Infusion of Tol‐DCs in combination with immunosuppressive agents or costimulatory blockade contributed to longer prolongation. Compared to MiHA mismatch, MHCI/II mismatch was a much more important factor to cause skin allograft rejection.ConclusionFor MHC or MiHA mismatched, allogeneic skin transplants inbred recipients, adoptive transfusion of Tol‐DCs induced by 4 methods prolong skin allograft survival to different extents. Drug intervened Tol‐DCs works best. Immunosuppressive agents and/or co‐stimulatory blockade contribute to better outcomes. Yet more rigorous studies with larger sample size are needed and more attention to mechanisms should be paid.
Molecular Cloning and Function Analysis of Two SQUAMOSA‐Like MADS‐Box Genes From Gossypium hirsutum L.
Authors: Zhang Wenxiang , Fan Shuli , Pang Chaoyou , Wei Hengling , Ma Jianhui , Song Meizhen , Yu Shuxun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe MADS‐box genes encode a large family of transcription factors having diverse roles in plant development. The SQUAMOSA (SQUA)/APETALA1 (AP1)/FRUITFULL (FUL) subfamily genes are essential regulators of floral transition and floral organ identity. Here we cloned two MADS‐box genes, GhMADS22 and GhMADS23, belonging to the SQUA/AP1/FUL subgroup from Gossypium hirsutum L. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that GhMADS22 and GhMADS23 belonged to the euFUL and euAP1 subclades, respectively. The two genes both had eight exons and seven introns from the start codon to the stop codon according to the alignment between the obtained cDNA sequence and the Gossypium raimondii L. genome sequence. Expression profile analysis showed that GhMADS22 and GhMADS23 were highly expressed in developing shoot apices, bracts, and sepals. Gibberellic acid promoted GhMADS22 and GhMADS23 expression in the shoot apex. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing 35S::GhMADS22 had abnormal flowers and bolted earlier than wild type under long‐day conditions (16 h light/8 h dark). Moreover, GhMADS22 overexpression delayed floral organ senescence and abscission and it could also respond to abscisic acid. In summary, GhMADS22 may have functions in promoting flowering, improving resistance and delaying senescence for cotton and thus it may be a candidate target for promoting early‐maturation in cotton breeding.