bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Branch retinal artery occlusion associated with posterior uveitis
Authors: Kahloun Rim , Mbarek Samah , Khairallah-Ksiaa Imen , Jelliti Bechir , Yahia Salim Ben , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to report the clinical features and visual outcome of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) associated with posterior uveitis. This is a retrospective study including the 18 eyes of 18 patients. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and visual field testing were performed in all cases.

Results
Diseases associated with BRAO included active ocular toxoplasmosis in 7 patients, rickettsiosis in 4, Behçet’s uveitis in 2, West Nile virus infection in 1, idiopathic retinal vasculitis in 1, Crohn’s disease in 1, ocular tuberculosis in 1, and idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis syndrome in 1 patient. The mean initial visual acuity was 20/50. BRAO involved the first order retinal artery in 33.3% of the eyes, the second order retinal artery in 33.3%, an arteriole in 27.8%, and a cilioretinal artery in 5.5%. The macula was involved in 44.4% of the eyes and an acute focus of retinitis or retinochoroiditis was associated to BRAO in 55.5%. Repermeabilization of the occluded artery occurred in all patients with permanent scotomas in the corresponding visual field. The mean visual acuity at last visit was 20/32.

Conclusions
BRAO, with subsequent visual impairment, may occur in the eyes with posterior uveitis. Physicians should be aware of such vision-threatening complication of infectious and inflammatory eye diseases.
The brain slice method for studying drug distribution in the CNS
Authors: Loryan Irena , Fridén Markus , Hammarlund-Udenaes Margareta 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The high-throughput brain slice method is a precise and robust technique for estimating the overall uptake of drugs into brain tissue through determination of the unbound volume of distribution in the brain (Vu,brain; ml·g brain-1). Vu,brain describes the relationship between the total drug concentration in the brain and the concentration of unbound drug in the brain interstitial fluid, regardless of blood–brain barrier function. The brain slice method is more physiologically based than the brain homogenate method with respect to the assessment of drug distribution in the brain because the cell-cell interactions, pH gradients and active transport systems are all conserved. The method provides information that is directly relevant to issues such as nonspecific binding to brain tissue, lysosomal trapping, and active uptake into the cells. For these reasons, the brain slice method is recommended for estimation of target-site pharmacokinetics in the early drug discovery process and fundamental pharmacological studies. This article provides a detailed protocol for the rat and mouse brain slice methods, with the aim of enabling simple, cost-effective profiling of compounds with diverse physicochemical properties. The procedure for assessing the viability of the brain slices after the 5 h incubation period is also described. The results are interpreted for a set of compounds covering a wide range of physicochemical properties and various pharmacological targets. Application of the method for evaluating the unbound intracellular-to-extracellular concentration ratio (Kp,uu,cell) and the unbound brain-to-plasma concentration ratio (Kp,uu,brain) is discussed.
Expression of regulatory receptors on γδ T Cells and their cytokine production in Behcet's disease
Authors: Parlakgul Gunes , Guney Ekin , Erer Burak , Kılıcaslan Zeki , Direskeneli Haner , Gul Ahmet , Saruhan-Direskeneli Guher 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Behcet's disease (BD) is a multi-systemic disorder with muco-cutaneous, ocular, arthritic, vascular or central nervous system involvement. The role of γδ T cells is implicated in BD. The activation status of γδ T cells and their cytokine secretion against phosphoantigens are evaluated in BD.

Methods
NKG2A, NKG2C, NKG2D, CD16 and CCR7 molecules on γδ T cells were analyzed in 70 BD, 27 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 26 healthy controls (HC). Peripheral γδ T cells were expanded with a phosphoantigen (BrHPP) and IL-2, restimulated with BrHPP and a TLR3 ligand, and cytokine production was measured.

Results
γδ T cells were not increased in both BD and TB patients, but the proportions of TCRVδ2+ T cells were lower (58.9 and 50.7 vs. 71.7%, P = 0.04 and P = 0.005) compared to HC. Higher proportion of TCRVδ2+ T cells were CD16+ (26.2 and 33.9 vs. 16.6%, P = 0.02 and P = 0.001) and CCR7- (32.2 and 27.9 vs. 17.7%, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.014) in BD and TB patients compared to HC. NKG2C+ γδ+ T cells were relatively increased (0.5 and 0.6 vs. 0.3%, P = 0.008 and 0.018), whereas NKG2D positivity was decreased in patients with BD and TB (77.7 and 75.8 vs. 87.5%, P = 0.001 and 0.004). Expansion capacity of γδ T cells in BD and TB as well as production of IL-13, IFN-γ, granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), TNF-α, CCL4 and CCL5 in BD was lower compared to HC, when restimulated by TLR3 ligand and BrHPP.

Conclusion
The changes on γδ T cells of BD as well as TB patients implicate that γδ T cells have already been exposed to regulatory effects, which changed their activity. Lower cytokine response of γδ T cells implicates down modulation of these cells in BD.
Use of Posidonia oceanica seedlings from beach-cast fruits for seagrass planting
Authors: Terrados Jorge , Marín Arnaldo , Celdrán David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Posidonia oceanica seedlings produced from beach-cast fruits were planted in an area where this Mediterranean seagrass was lost as a consequence of fish-farming. The effects of substratum type (dead matte vs. meadow) and planting level (above vs. below bottom surface) on seedling survivorship and leaf development were evaluated after 3 years. Seedling capacity to resist uprooting was also tested by comparing survivorship and leaf development after 2 years in seedlings firmly anchored in dead matte by artificial means (mesh-pot) with those planted without any anchoring other than their roots. Survivorship in dead matte was 44% after 3 years and was not affected by planting level. Seedling planting inside the meadow led to complete mortality after 3 years. Seedlings planted below the bottom surface branched during the second year and 50% had produced from one to five additional shoots after 3 years. After 2 years, survivorship and leaf development of seedlings planted with mesh-pot anchoring was similar to that of seedlings planted without anchoring. Current environmental conditions in the impacted area allow P. oceanica seedlings to survive, but natural recovery might be limited by propagule availability. Planting of seedlings in dead matte without anchoring does not affect survivorship and leaf development and might be a feasible technique for restoration of P. oceanica meadows.
The prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in high school: a 2011 survey
Authors: Gan Sophie S. , Zhong Connie , Das Shreya , Gan Julia S. , Willis Stephanie , Tully Eileen 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background: Bullying is common among young students, and cyberbullying has increased due to the use of technology. This study investigates the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying among high school students and the emotional effects of bullying on students.
Methods: Students at East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina completed the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire. They answered questions regarding how often they had experienced certain types of bullying in school and the emotional effects the bullying had on them.
Results: The combined results from both surveys indicated that the prevalence of bullying was 55% with 18% of respondents reporting cyberbullying. Teasing and name-calling were the most common types of bullying, as 40% of students reported having been teased or called names. The most serious type of bullying, being threatened with harm, hit, or kicked, occurred in 20% of boys and 8% of girls, with 25% of respondents reported “quite upset” by the experience. The majority (79%) of students who had been bullied did not share with anyone about being bullied, and of those who did, only 50% were taken seriously.
Conclusions: Bullying is still prevalent among high school students, and cyberbullying is becoming more widespread. Most victims do not share their bullying experience, and if they did, only half believe they are taken seriously. Both bullying among students in school and cyberbullying deserve attention due to their potentially devastating effects on victims.
Personal and family attributes of pregnant teenagers: findings from a community-based study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Dulitha N. , Gunawardena Nalika S. , Weerasinghe Manuj Chrishantha 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background: Teenage pregnancies are associated with negative outcomes. Prevention requires understanding them and their families.
Objectives: This study aimed to describe personal and family attributes of pregnant teenagers in Sri Lanka.
Methods: This was a community-based study in Sri Lanka among 510 pregnant teenagers.
Results: Half (50%) of the subjects were 19 years of age at the time of pregnancy. A majority (79.8%) had studied up to grades 6–11. Confidence in decision-making (80.7%) and in refusing unnecessary requests (88.3%) was “excellent” in a majority. Mean age of marriage/co-habiting was 17.6 years. For 31%, marriage/cohabiting was a sudden decision taken jointly with their partner (81.6%) and 83% reported being “legally” married. Substantial proportions of mothers (17.6%) and fathers (13.9%) had not attended school, and 33.1% mothers had worked abroad. Teenagers reported the death of a parent (14.1%), parental separation (10.9%) and being brought up by relatives (20%). Only a few rated strictness of rules/regulations (32.4%), freedom to discuss problems regarding puberty (25.5%), love affairs (12.7%) and sexuality (26.7%) as excellent/good. Of the spouses, 12.9% were <20 years, 71.9% had low education and 98.8% were employed. A majority had “planned” the pregnancy, and for 79.8%, the reason was “husband’s wish to have a baby”.
Conclusions: Pregnant teenagers were mostly in their late teens, from poor families and with low formal education. Though teenagers showed confidence in decision-making, the decision to have a pregnancy had mostly been their spouses. Parents and spouses of the teenagers were also young, less educated and poor. There was evidence of poor parenting practices.
Risk of developing diabetes and dyslipidemia among adolescents with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia
Authors: Enger Cheryl , Jones Meghan E. , Kryzhanovskaya Ludmila , Doherty Michael , McAfee Andrew T. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The risks of developing diabetes and dyslipidemia among adolescents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have not been well-characterized. This study was designed to characterize these risks and compare them among adolescents in the general population.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used claims data from a large U.S. health insurer to identify adolescents (13–17 years) with claims for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder from 1997 to 2006. Adolescents without evidence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were randomly selected for comparison. Study outcomes were new diagnoses of diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Results: We identified 17,884 adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and 188,059 for the general population cohort. The incidence rate per 100,000 person-years of diabetes was higher in the schizophrenia or bipolar disorder cohort [424.3 (95% CI: 344.5–517.3)] than in the general population cohort (90.0 [95% CI: 79.6–101.3]). The incidence rate per 100,000 person-years of dyslipidemia was 346.4 (95% CI: 274.9–431.0) in the schizophrenia or bipolar disorder cohort and 86.6 (95% CI: 76.4–97.7) in the general population cohort. The adjusted hazard ratios of developing diabetes and dyslipidemia in the schizophrenia or bipolar disorder cohort relative to the general population cohort were 1.76 (95% CI: 1.15–2.72) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.22–2.28), respectively. Adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder treated with antipsychotics had a higher risk of developing diabetes and dyslipidemia than those who were untreated.
Conclusions: Adolescents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder had significantly increased risks of developing diabetes and dyslipidemia compared to adolescents without these disorders.
Attitudes and knowledge levels of nurses and residents caring for adolescents with an eating disorder
Authors: Raveneau Gladys , Feinstein Ronald , Rosen Lisa M. , Fisher Martin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Although the vast majority of youths with an eating disorder (ED) are treated as outpatients, some require treatment in an inpatient unit. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses and pediatric residents towards adolescents and young adults with ED.
Methods: Nursing questionnaires were distributed through a nurse manager and resident questionnaires were distributed in coordination with the chief residents.
Results: A total of 82 individuals (32 nurses and 50 pediatric residents) completed the survey. Only two nurses and six residents had not worked with a patient with an ED in the previous year. The vast majority of nurses and residents recognized that fear of gaining weight, refusal to maintain body weight and, disturbed body image were frequent signs occurring in patients with an ED. Both nurses and residents believed that emotional problems, influence of friends and family, family pressure, influence of the media, and being self-induced were the most likely causes of EDs. Genetics and influence of other medical problems were deemed less likely causes. The majority of residents identified having different rules for different patients and poor communication as factors that make it difficult to take care of ED patients. More than half of all nurses and residents (58.2%) thought that ED patients were responsible for their disease “always” or “in most cases”. Residents (68.8%) were more likely than nurses (45.2%) to frequently feel frustrated with ED patients (χ2, p<0.0370).
Conclusion: Adolescents with an ED provide a unique challenge to nurses and residents caring for them.
Weight loss as a result of religious zeal in young Orthodox Jewish males
Authors: Fisher Martin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This paper presents three cases involving young Orthodox Jewish males, each of whom lost 15–25 pounds over a course of time ranging between a few months and up to 2 years, as the result of decreased food intake because of misinterpretation of a religious concept learned in their Judaic studies. Although each had a body mass index between 15.8 and 16.1, they did not display the body image concerns necessary for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The discussion covers the distinction between anorexia nervosa and the newly described diagnosis in these young men, i.e., weight loss as a result of religious zeal, along with a brief history of fasting for religious reasons as described in previous centuries.
Influence of Higher Growing‐season Temperatures on Yield Components of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Nishio Zenta , Ito Miwako , Tabiki Tadashi , Nagasawa Koichi , Yamauchi Hiroaki , Hirota Tomoyoshi 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTOver a 15‐yr period (1997–2011), the relationship between growing‐season temperatures and both sink components and yield of two elite winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Hokushin (soft red) and Kitanokaori (hard red), was investigated in Hokkaido, Japan. Culm length, spike length, duration from heading to maturation, and thousand‐grain weights showed a significant inverse correlation to mean seasonal ambient temperatures. In particular, higher temperatures during vegetative stage significantly reduced the magnitude of sink components. Specifically, a 1°C rise in temperature in late May resulted in spike length being shortened by 2.8 mm (3.2%) for Hokushin and 4.4 mm (4.5%) for Kitanokaori. Higher temperatures from heading to maturity significantly shortened the duration from heading to maturation and resulted in a smaller grain size. Specifically, a mean rise in temperature of 1°C from heading to maturation resulted in a 2.8‐d (6.4%) shortening of the duration from heading to maturation in both cultivars, and a concurrent decline in thousand‐grain weight of 2.3 g (6.1%) for Hokushin and 1.9 g (4.6%) for Kitanokaori. Given the dissonance between the large sink size and limited supply of assimilates arising from lower spring and higher summer temperatures, severe yield reductions can be expected. The maintenance of higher grain weight under heat stress, such as exhibited by Kitanokaori, can serve as a useful measure of heat tolerance in wheat.
Tax Effects of Book-Tax Conformity, Financial Reporting Incentives, and Firm Size
Authors: Chan K. Hung , Lin Kenny Z. , Tang Feng 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This study employs a natural experiment to examine the tax effects of a change in the level of conformity between tax and financial reporting in China for firms with different financial reporting incentives. We find that in a full book-tax conformity system, firms with incentives to report higher book income pay significantly higher income tax (per dollar of sales) than do firms without the same incentives. Although we do not find similar evidence in a non-conformed system, we observe cross-sectional variation in taxes paid by firms of varying sizes: by exploiting non-conforming financial reporting rules to a greater extent, large firms pay proportionately lower taxes than do small firms. To improve financial reporting quality, many countries have adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that may affect book-tax reporting differences. Our results suggest that this policy alternative is less desirable from a tax perspective. Therefore, accounting standard setters and securities regulators around the world should consider not only how such a change is intended to benefit capital markets, but also what unintended consequences this policy choice might have for government revenue. Our results also strengthen the government policy position on giving more tax relief to small firms.
Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.
Méthode UVA : quelles réalités ?
Authors: Buffet Valérie , Fievez Jean , Staykov Dimitar 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cette publication s’applique à montrer que la Méthode UVA est une évolution de la méthode GP en identifiant les similitudes et les différences ; elle n’est pas une méthode de répartition comptable en montrant qu’elle repose sur le choix d’une unité de mesure et une démarche d’analyse qui lui est propre ; développe le concept de « coût du service client » et donne une vision différente en gestion.
Max ou la psychanalyse comme ouverture à une anthropologie
Authors: Boutin Michel , van der Stegen Eric 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Un groupe de travail du IV e Groupe s’est longuement interrogé sur la place des psychanalystes dans les institutions. Dans cet exposé issu de cette réflexion, deux psychanalystes essaient de préciser leur pensée sur ce sujet en montrant à travers un exemple de pratique clinique en quoi cette place de psychanalyste demeure fondamentale. Dans une institution, le psychanalyste n’a pas à « faire le psychanalyste », mais à être le témoin de ce que la psychanalyse dit de l’être humain. Ce point est capital, particulièrement en ces temps où l’être humain est souvent considéré comme une machine à réparer, en particulier par le monde médical, ou à manipuler par le monde politique, ou encore à gérer par le monde social. Telle n’est pas la perspective de la psychanalyse dès lors que l’on accepte de ne pas vouloir la réduire à une technique mais de l’envisager comme une interrogation sur l’homme qui, dès le commencement, est un être de parole. En référence à l’esprit de la psychanalyse, cet article tente de montrer à partir d’une histoire clinique et de l’organisation d’une institution, comment la dimension humaine reste centrale, ce qui permet à chacun, patients et soignants, de s’ouvrir à la vie et à l’autre.
Que vient révéler une grossesse en adolescence ?
Authors: Baruch Florence 
Published: January 2013

Que vient révéler une grossesse en adolescence ? Derrière cette question mettant en scène plusieurs personnages (certains dans les coulisses) se cachent plusieurs générations, des couples, la famille au sens intergénérationnel et aussi parfois au sens transgénérationnel. Comment penser ces fécondations qui entraînent des grossesses – à interrompre ? à poursuivre ? Quelles places pour les sujets, les couples et les familles ? Trente ans d’expérience en centre de planification et d’éducation familiale nourrissent le questionnement dont l’auteur fait part dans cet article.
L'adolescence introuvable
Authors: Lauzet Vincent 
Published: January 2013

Le mot « adolescence » a une histoire : l’étude diachronique montre qu’il a subi bien des avatars avant de devenir un concept clinique qui n’a pas cours dans les milieux enseignants. Professeur de lettres, l’auteur s’interroge sur la vision qu’ont les professeurs des élèves. Il remonte à Platon et Socrate, analyse les changements qui impactent les jeunes et la société, montre que la massification de l’enseignement a fait entrer dans les lycées toutes les problématiques qui agitent aujourd’hui l’ensemble des acteurs sociaux, politiques ou religieux. Le constat conduit à des perspectives plutôt pessimistes même s’il laisse entrevoir des résiliences encourageantes. Quoi qu’il en soit, le texte veut susciter une réflexion, tant sur la fonction enseignante et ses problèmes que sur l’avenir imprévisible dans un monde en mutation.
Deux entreprises lorraines à l'épreuve de la guerre franco-allemande de 1870-1871 : de Wendel et Pont-à-Mousson
Authors: Roth François 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La comparaison entre deux entreprises sidérurgiques lorraines, de Wendel et Pont-à-Mousson, durant la guerre de 1870 est révélatrice du caractère encore peu destructeur qu’ont les opérations militaires au cours du XIX e siècle. À part une interruption de la production durant huit à neuf mois, liée aux mouvements de troupes et à l’indisponibilité du réseau ferroviaire, les deux entreprises ne sont guère affectées matériellement par les combats. Ce sont les conséquences de la défaite française qui les placent dans une situation dissemblable. Pont-à-Mousson, désormais située à « l’extrême frontière » face à l’Allemagne, entame une brillante expansion qui en fait le leader du marché français des canalisations. Les marchands de charbon sarrois qui l’avaient fondée et en possédaient le contrôle s’effacent peu à peu, laissant les mains libres au directeur salarié, Xavier Rogé. Au contraire, chez de Wendel, on doit procéder à une scission entre deux sociétés distinctes, situées de part et d’autre de la nouvelle frontière. Toutes deux sont néanmoins entièrement contrôlées par la famille fondatrice qui, moyennant quelques adaptations, parvient à les gérer sans guère subir les effets de la nouvelle situation géopolitique créée par la défaite.
L'injonction au bonheur : l'impensé du travail du patient
Authors: Tourette-Turgis Catherine , Thievenaz Joris 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Notre contribution propose d’interroger la thématique du « bonheur » ou du « souci de soi » du point de vue du patient, de l’usager ou du bénéficiaire des dispositifs d’accompagnement et de soin. Les activités relevant du maintien de soi en vie constituent selon nous un ensemble de pratiques humaines particulièrement riches et fécondes du point de vue des processus expérientiels qu’elles mettent en œuvre. Notre démarche de recherche en intelligibilité propose en ce sens de considérer le « travail de souci de soi du patient » comme une occasion d’apprentissage et de construction de nouvelles connaissances opératoires, susceptibles d’être mobilisées par le sujet et intégrant l’univers des acquis de son expérience.