bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An alternative accurate tracer of molecular clouds: the ‘XCi-factor’
Authors: Offner Stella S. R. , Bisbas Thomas G. , Bell Tom A. , Viti Serena 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We explore the utility of Ci as an alternative high-fidelity gas-mass tracer for galactic molecular clouds. We evaluate the ‘XCi-factor’ for the 609 μm carbon line, the analogue of the CO ‘X-factor’, which is the ratio of the H2 column density to the integrated 12CO(1–0) line intensity. We use 3d-pdr to post-process hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, star-forming clouds. We compare the emission of Ci and CO for model clouds irradiated by 1 and 10 times the average background and demonstrate that Ci is a comparable or superior tracer of the molecular gas distribution for column densities up to 6 × 1023 cm−2. Our results hold for both reduced and full chemical networks. For our fiducial Galactic cloud, we derive an average XCO of 3.0 × 1020 cm−2 K−1 km−1 s and XCi of 1.1 × 1021 cm−2 K−1 km−1 s.
The connection between the cusp-to-core transformation and observational universalities of DM haloes
Authors: Ogiya Go , Mori Masao , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Burkert Andreas 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Observations have revealed interesting universal properties of dark matter (DM) haloes especially around low-mass galaxies. Strigari et al. showed that DM haloes have common enclosed masses within 300 pc (Strigari relation). Kormendy & Freeman reported DM haloes having almost identical central surface densities (the μ0D relation). In addition, there exists a core–cusp problem, a discrepancy of the central density distribution between simulated haloes and observations. We investigate whether a scenario where cuspy haloes transform into cores by some dynamical processes can also explain their universal structural properties. It is shown that a cusp-to-core transformation model naturally reproduces the μ0D relation and that Strigari relation follows from the μ0D relation for dwarf galaxies. We also show that the central densities of cored dark haloes provide valuable information about their formation redshifts.
Formation of the first low-mass stars from cosmological initial conditions
Authors: Safranek-Shrader Chalence , Milosavljević Miloš , Bromm Volker 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We simulate the formation of a metal-poor (10−2 Z⊙) stellar cluster in one of the first galaxies to form in the early Universe, specifically a high-redshift atomic cooling halo (z ∼ 14). This is the first calculation that resolves the formation of individual metal-enriched stars in simulations starting from realistic cosmological initial conditions. We follow the evolution of a single dense clump among several in the parent halo. The clump forms a cluster of ∼40 stars and sub-stellar objects within 7000 yr and could continue forming stars ∼5 times longer. Protostellar dust heating has a negligible effect on the star formation efficiency, at least during the early evolutionary stages, but it moderately suppresses gaseous fragmentation and brown dwarf formation. We observe fragmentation in thin gaseous filaments and sustained accretion in larger, rotating structures as well as ejections by binary interactions. The stellar initial mass function above 0.1 M⊙, evaluated after ∼104 yr of fragmentation and accretion, seems in agreement with the recent measurement in ultrafaint dwarf spheroidal Galactic satellites of Geha et al.
Functional Analysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Encoding Genes in Triterpene Saponin-Producing Ginseng
Authors: Kim Yu-Jin , Lee Ok Ran , Oh Ji Yeon , Jang Moon-Gi , Yang Deok-Chun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGinsenosides are glycosylated triterpenes that are considered to be important pharmaceutically active components of the ginseng (Panax ginseng ‘Meyer’) plant, which is known as an adaptogenic herb. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of triterpene saponin through the mevalonate pathway in ginseng remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) concerning ginsenoside biosynthesis. Through analysis of full-length complementary DNA, two forms of ginseng HMGR (PgHMGR1 and PgHMGR2) were identified as showing high sequence identity. The steady-state mRNA expression patterns of PgHMGR1 and PgHMGR2 are relatively low in seed, leaf, stem, and flower, but stronger in the petiole of seedling and root. The transcripts of PgHMGR1 were relatively constant in 3- and 6-year-old ginseng roots. However, PgHMGR2 was increased five times in the 6-year-old ginseng roots compared with the 3-year-old ginseng roots, which indicates that HMGRs have constant and specific roles in the accumulation of ginsenosides in roots. Competitive inhibition of HMGR by mevinolin caused a significant reduction of total ginsenoside in ginseng adventitious roots. Moreover, continuous dark exposure for 2 to 3 d increased the total ginsenosides content in 3-year-old ginseng after the dark-induced activity of PgHMGR1. These results suggest that PgHMGR1 is associated with the dark-dependent promotion of ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also observed that the PgHMGR1 can complement Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hmgr1-1 and that the overexpression of PgHMGR1 enhanced the production of sterols and triterpenes in Arabidopsis and ginseng. Overall, this finding suggests that ginseng HMGRs play a regulatory role in triterpene ginsenoside biosynthesis.
Genetic and Physiological Controls of Growth under Water Deficit
Authors: Tardieu François , Parent Boris , Caldeira Cecilio F. , Welcker Claude 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe sensitivity of expansive growth to water deficit has a large genetic variability, which is higher than that of photosynthesis. It is observed in several species, with some genotypes stopping growth in a relatively wet soil, whereas others continue growing until the lower limit of soil-available water. The responses of growth to soil water deficit and evaporative demand share an appreciable part of their genetic control through the colocation of quantitative trait loci as do the responses of the growth of different organs to water deficit. This result may be caused by common mechanisms of action discussed in this paper (particularly, plant hydraulic properties). We propose that expansive growth, putatively linked to hydraulic processes, determines the sink strength under water deficit, whereas photosynthesis determines source strength. These findings have large consequences for plant modeling under water deficit and for the design of breeding programs.
A Pollen Coat–Inducible Autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase Expressed in Stigmatic Papilla Cells Is Required for Compatible Pollination in the Brassicaceae
Authors: Iwano Megumi , Igarashi Motoko , Tarutani Yoshiaki , Kaothien-Nakayama Pulla , Nakayama Hideki , Moriyama Hideki , Yakabe Ryo , Entani Tetsuyuki , Shimosato-Asano Hiroko , Ueki Masao , Tamiya Gen , Takayama Seiji 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the Brassicaceae, intraspecific non-self pollen (compatible pollen) can germinate and grow into stigmatic papilla cells, while self-pollen or interspecific pollen is rejected at this stage. However, the mechanisms underlying this selective acceptance of compatible pollen remain unclear. Here, using a cell-impermeant calcium indicator, we showed that the compatible pollen coat contains signaling molecules that stimulate Ca2+ export from the papilla cells. Transcriptome analyses of stigmas suggested that autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase13 (ACA13) was induced after both compatible pollination and compatible pollen coat treatment. A complementation test using a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking major Ca2+ transport systems suggested that ACA13 indeed functions as an autoinhibited Ca2+ transporter. ACA13 transcription increased in papilla cells and in transmitting tracts after pollination. ACA13 protein localized to the plasma membrane and to vesicles near the Golgi body and accumulated at the pollen tube penetration site after pollination. The stigma of a T-DNA insertion line of ACA13 exhibited reduced Ca2+ export, as well as defects in compatible pollen germination and seed production. These findings suggest that stigmatic ACA13 functions in the export of Ca2+ to the compatible pollen tube, which promotes successful fertilization.
Higher-order linked interpolation in triangular thick plate finite elements
Authors: Ribarić Dragan , Jelenić Gordan 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– In this work, the authors aim to employ the so-called linked-interpolation concept already tested on beam and quadrilateral plate finite elements in the design of displacement-based higher-order triangular plate finite elements and test their performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Starting from the analogy between the Timoshenko beam theory and the Mindlin plate theory, a family of triangular linked-interpolation plate finite elements of arbitrary order are designed. The elements are tested on the standard set of examples.

Findings
– The derived elements pass the standard patch tests and also the higher-order patch tests of an order directly related to the order of the element. The lowest-order member of the family of developed elements still suffers from shear locking for very coarse meshes, but the higher-order elements turn out to be successful when compared to the elements from literature for the problems with the same total number of the degrees of freedom.

Research limitations/implications
– The elements designed perform well for a number of standard benchmark tests, but the well-known Morley's skewed plate example turns out to be rather demanding, i.e. the proposed design principle cannot compete with the mixed-type approach for this test. Work is under way to improve the proposed displacement-based elements by adding a number of internal bubble functions in the displacement and rotation fields, specifically chosen to satisfy the basic patch test and enable a softer response in the bench-mark test examples.

Originality/value
– A new family of displacement-based higher-order triangular Mindlin plate finite elements has been derived. The higher-order elements perform very well, whereas the lowest-order element requires improvement.
The making of inclusion as structuration: empirical evidence of a multinational company
Authors: Ortlieb Renate , Sieben Barbara 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically analyse the question how organizations become inclusive – with special regard to migrants – and the potential limits to inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper develops a theoretical framework based on Giddens’ structuration theory. By a firm-level case study, the paper empirically examines the theoretical propositions.

Findings
– The paper proposes that inclusion bears specific kinds of the structural dimensions signification, domination and legitimation on which organizational actors draw to reproduce the inclusive organization. The empirical case reveals three areas of organizational practices – personnel recruitment and selection; training and development; meals and parties – in the making of inclusion. But the interplay of specific rules and resources also contains social practices of differentiation and hierarchization that limit inclusion.

Research limitations/implications
– Future studies would benefit from considering additional socio-demographic characteristics and intersectionalities. An ethnographic approach on the basis of participant observation is also recommendable. A longitudinal empirical design focusing on causal relationships would expand the papers descriptive approach.

Practical implications
– The findings suggest that organizational actors can shape the structural dimensions corresponding to an inclusive organization by acting themselves accordingly and inciting others to do so. They should be aware of processes of differentiation and hierarchization that go along with practices of inclusion.

Originality/value
– Applying key arguments of structuration theory, the paper develops a comprehensive framework that considers corresponding rules and resources in detail. The empirical case study demonstrates the fruitfulness of the theoretical framework and reveals the ambivalence of organizational practices that promote inclusion.
“Making up” workers in an inclusive organisation
Authors: Boesby Dahl Dorte 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the unintended consequences of managing inclusion and diversity and how these unintended consequences relate to organisation members’ mediation between work tasks and practices of inclusion and diversity.Design/methodology/approach– The study uses critical diversity and inclusion studies as the theoretical context and a Danish municipal centre responsible for parking patrol as the empirical context. The researcher has conducted interviews and participant observation in this organisation and particularly analyses the “making up” of abstract categories of employees and the mundane “making of” employees in the light of diversity and inclusion practices.Findings– The analysis shows that parking attendants are “made up” as an increasingly professionalised brand and that the inclusive policy of diversity becomes part of this brand. However, the study also shows that in spite of this external brand, local and internal practices of inclusion and diversity create categories of people that employees may avoid or resist and some that carry unfulfilled promises of inclusion. Moreover, an internal image of the parking attendant as a person on the edge of the labour market persists internally in spite of the effort to brand this person otherwise externally.Originality/value– The paper applies the notion of “making up” people, to accommodate critique of the social constructionist approach, that is common to much critical research on diversity and inclusion. Furthermore, the paper agitates for “bringing work back in” to the study of diversity and inclusion and does this by focusing on the work of parking attendants. Given that this work is formally unskilled, the organisation represents an example of a workplace that represents a gateway to the Danish labour market, which makes the management and organisation of inclusion very pertinent. The paper provides new perspectives, particularly in terms of the unintended consequences of inclusion in organisations.
Predicting handbill avoidance in Hong Kong and the UK
Authors: P. Prendergast Gerard , S.L. Tsang Alex , Cheng Ranis 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Handbills are an interesting advertising medium since they are distributed by people in a social context. Little, however, is known about why handbills are often avoided. This study was designed with the purpose of extending previous research on advertising avoidance by using social psychological variables to explain consumers' avoidance of handbills in Hong Kong and the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey of 337 individuals was conducted (166 in Hong Kong and 171 in the UK). A series of hypotheses relating to perceived handbill clutter, perceived goal impediment, and the perceived manner of the distributer were tested.

Findings
– Perceived handbill clutter was found to be the strongest predictor of handbill avoidance in both Hong Kong and the UK. The second strongest predictor was perceived goal impediment. The perceived manner of the distributor did not predict handbill avoidance in Hong Kong, but it did predict handbill avoidance in the UK.

Research limitations/implications
– The study's methodology has a number of limitations. First, the measure of the distributor's perceived manner may not have directly tapped the distributor dimensions of importance to handbill avoidance. Second, no account was taken of non-response bias. The model also did not recognize that there may be other variables capable of explaining handbill avoidance.

Practical implications
– The results suggest that effort is needed to raise the perceived value of handbills so that their perceived value neutralizes any perceptions of goal impediment. In addition, handbill designers need to find creative ways to stand out from the clutter. In the UK, deportment should be considered when distributors are recruited and trained.

Originality/value
– Handbills are frequently used as a promotional tool. In two contrasting countries, this study found that perceived handbill clutter, perceived goal impediment, and perceived manner of the distributer influence handbill avoidance. The research has extended theoretical knowledge related to advertising avoidance and generated insights that are likely to be of practical value to marketers.
Deconstructing the value proposition of an innovation exemplar
Authors: Payne Adrian , Frow Pennie 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– Research into the identification and development of value propositions has recently been identified as a key research priority by the Marketing Science Institute. The purpose of this article is to identify and develop a process for value proposition deconstruction that can help organizations transform their value propositions in order to gain an improvement in their competitive position.Design/methodology/approach– A case study of an exemplar organization in the health care sector is used to develop an approach for value proposition deconstruction. Using the business system concept as a theoretical framework, the key value-adding elements that comprise this organization's value proposition are identified. A leading financial services firm is used to demonstrate how this learning approach can be successfully applied in developing a new and innovative value proposition.Findings– Using the business system framework, a structured process for deconstructing value propositions is developed. This framework is extended to explicitly acknowledge the value-in-use that results from different encounters, to incorporate learning processes and to recognize its interactive and recursive nature.Practical implications– The authors provide practitioners with insight into how to formulate new or improved value propositions.Originality/value– This work addresses two important and previously unaddressed research questions: how can the process of deconstruction of an exemplar organization's value proposition provide a more comprehensive understanding of the elements that comprise a superior value offering; and how can this process be applied to other organizations seeking to improve their value proposition?
To what extent do articles published in other than “top journals” have impact on marketing?
Authors: Haddad Kamal , Singh Gangaram , Sciglimpaglia Don , Chan Hung 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance and limitations of using a top journal approach as a proxy for an article's value or contribution.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors determined the citations for all articles published in 2001 and 2003 in 26 key marketing journals included in the Social Science Citation Index and 50 journals included in Google Scholar to rate the impact of a specific article. They also assessed these articles to examine the source of citations, as a way of measuring impact.

Findings
– This study indicates that articles published in the journals most often considered the top three or four in marketing are cited by others significantly more often than the ones published in the other journals. However, the authors found substantial misclassification errors from using publications in these “top” journals to infer a top article status across three different criteria for defining a top article.

Originality/value
– These findings strongly support the need to evaluate each article on its own merits, rather than abdicating this responsibility by using journal ranking as a proxy for an article's value or contribution.
The supply chain management of shopper marketing as viewed through a service ecosystem lens
Authors: Flint Daniel John , Lusch Robert F. , Vargo Stephen  L. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine shopper marketing through service-dominant logic and service ecosystem lenses. In doing so, the authors reveal challenges and opportunities for supply chain management.

Design/methodology/approach
– The work is conceptual, drawing on contemporary service-dominant logic thinking.

Findings
– Examination of shopper marketing reveals that it is currently stuck in goods-dominant logic and micro-level ways of thinking. By taking a macro service ecosystem view, all actors, including shoppers, are seen as resource integrators seeking resource density. The macro view highlights a significant amount of goods and information flow and variance now being added throughout shopper marketing systems.

Research limitations/implications
– A guiding framework with appropriate terms defined offers new research directions and new ways practitioners can approach challenges in the industry. Research programs are suggested in the areas of facilitating resource density, examining the extent of ecosystems, measurement, mapping of resources, and creating shopper marketing innovations.

Practical implications
– This study provides an alternative way of looking at problems that arise in supply chain management planning and execution of shopper marketing initiatives.

Originality/value
– Few scholastic articles address shopper marketing even within marketing and essentially none do so in supply chain management despite it having significantly disrupted supply chains since 2004. This article offers an overview of shopper marketing and helps supply chain managers identify quickly how they can add value and supply chain management researchers begin to address the challenges.
From research, through policy and politics to practice: learning from experience
Authors: Davies Emma , Rowe Elizabeth 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is on what the authors learnt from negotiating the difficult terrain linking, or separating, research from policy advice and the political process.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper outlines two case studies from New Zealand to examine what confounds and what bridges gaps between research, policy, politics and practice. The case studies were predicated on the belief that interagency and cross-sectoral actions were necessary to align actions and achieve good outcomes in social policy.

Findings
– Interagency processes are not the Holy Grail. More attention needs to be paid to the impact of the context in which researchers, public servants and politicians operate and of the research and policy-making processes within their organisations. Politics within and between organisations and politics on the national stage must also be understood if the gap between research, policy and practice is to be narrowed and successfully navigated.

Originality/value
– These are original case studies. Researchers often bemoan the failure of their findings to influence policy and practice; policy makers complain that researchers are unaware of “real world” timeframes and policy concerns, and politicians grow impatient with advice that takes little heed of political imperatives. Therefore, these case studies will be of particular interest to students and practitioners of social policy and researchers who wish to see their findings influence policy.