bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To ID or Not to ID? Changes in Classification Rates of Intellectual Disability Using DSM-5
Authors: Papazoglou Aimilia , Jacobson Lisa A. , McCabe Marie , Kaufmann Walter , Zabel T. Andrew 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability (ID) include a change to the definition of adaptive impairment. New criteria require impairment in one adaptive domain rather than two or more skill areas. The authors examined the diagnostic implications of using a popular adaptive skill inventory, the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System–Second Edition, with 884 clinically referred children (ages 6–16). One hundred sixty-six children met DSM-IV-TR criteria for ID; significantly fewer (n  =  151, p  =  .001) met ID criteria under DSM-5 (9% decrease). Implementation of DSM-5 criteria for ID may substantively change the rate of ID diagnosis. These findings highlight the need for a combination of psychometric assessment and clinical judgment when implementing the adaptive deficits component of the DSM-5 criteria for ID diagnosis.
Isolation and Characterization of Corncob Cellulose Fibers using Microwave-Assisted Chemical Treatments
Authors: Li Meng , Cheng Yan-Ling , Fu Nan , Li Dong , Adhikari Benu , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Cellulose fibers were obtained from corncob by using microwave-assisted chemical treatments (microwave-assisted alkaline pretreatment and microwave-assisted bleaching). These treatments efficiently removed the hemicellulose and lignin from the original corncob and increased the cellulose fiber content. The morphology, chemical structure, degree of crystallinity and thermal degradation characteristics of the resultant cellulose fibers were studied by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. These microwave-assisted chemical treatments decreased the diameter of the cellulose fibers from 25–125 µm to 10–20 µm. The crystallinity of the corncob cellulose fibers increased from 32.7% to 73% due to the chemical treatments. The degradation temperature of the cellulose fibers was >260°C. The cellulose fibers obtained from these treatments can be used as biocomposites in reinforced polymer manufacturing.
Use of the angle of progression on ultrasonography to predict spontaneous onset of labor within 7 days
Authors: Cho Geum Joon , Hong Hye-Ri , Seol Hyun-Joo , Koo Bo Hae , Hong Soon-Cheol , Oh Min-Jeong , Kim Hai-Joong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between angle of progression (AoP) on ultrasonography at 37–40 weeks’ gestation and delivery within 7 days.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2013 and May 2013 at Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea. Nulliparous women between 37/0 and 40/3 weeks’ gestation with a singleton fetus, intact membrane, and cephalic presentation from January 2013 to May 2013 were enrolled. To evaluate the cervical parameters of cervical length and AoP, transvaginal and transperineal ultrasonography were performed, respectively. We then assessed the relationship between cervical parameters and onset of labor within 7 days by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: Women who underwent spontaneous onset of labor within 7 days had a significantly shorter cervical length and AoP than those who underwent labor after 7 days. Logistic regression analysis showed that a larger AoP was an independent predictor of spontaneous labor within 7 days.

Conclusions: A larger AoP was significantly associated with spontaneous onset of labor within 7 days. These findings may be useful for counseling patients regarding the management of term pregnancies.
Degradation of basalt FRP bars in alkaline environment
Authors: Wu Gang , Wang Xin , Wu Zhishen , Dong Zhiqiang , Xie Qiong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates the degradation of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars used for concrete construction in an alkaline environment. The relationships between tensile strength, elastic modulus, shear strength and moisture absorption rate over time are analyzed using a tension test, short-beam test and moisture absorption weighting. The tensile strength degradation of BFRP bars was further compared with that of Glass FRP (GFRP) bars in the literature. The results indicated that BFRP bars exhibit relatively good resistance to alkaline corrosion, maintaining more than 60% of their original strength after 9 weeks at 55°C in an alkaline solution. The moisture absorption of BFRP bars conforms to Fick’s law, which shows that the degradation mechanism is controlled by matrix and related interface degradation. This finding is supported by comparison with the shear strength degradation trend. Compared to GFRP bars under similar alkaline conditions, BFRP bars exhibit a similar degradation rate during the initial phase, but maintain higher tensile strength and strength retention over time.
Development of microRNA therapeutics is coming of age
Authors: van Rooij Eva , Kauppinen Sakari 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in diverse biological processes and are frequently dysregulated in human diseases. Thus, miRNAs have emerged as a class of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the current strategies for therapeutic modulation of miRNAs and provide an update on the development of miRNA‐based therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Firearm Homicide and Other Causes of Death in Delinquents: A 16-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Teplin Linda A. , Jakubowski Jessica A. , Abram Karen M. , Olson Nichole D. , Stokes Marquita L. , Welty Leah J. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND:
Delinquent youth are at risk for early violent death after release from detention. However, few studies have examined risk factors for mortality. Previous investigations studied only serious offenders (a fraction of the juvenile justice population) and provided little data on females.

METHODS:
The Northwestern Juvenile Project is a prospective longitudinal study of health needs and outcomes of a stratified random sample of 1829 youth (657 females, 1172 males; 524 Hispanic, 1005 African American, 296 non-Hispanic white, 4 other race/ethnicity) detained between 1995 and 1998. Data on risk factors were drawn from interviews; death records were obtained up to 16 years after detention. We compared all-cause mortality rates and causes of death with those of the general population. Survival analyses were used to examine risk factors for mortality after youth leave detention.

RESULTS:
Delinquent youth have higher mortality rates than the general population to age 29 years (P &lt; .05), irrespective of gender or race/ethnicity. Females died at nearly 5 times the general population rate (P &lt; .05); Hispanic males and females died at 5 and 9 times the general population rates, respectively (P &lt; .05). Compared with the general population, significantly more delinquent youth died of homicide and its subcategory, homicide by firearm (P &lt; .05). Among delinquent youth, racial/ethnic minorities were at increased risk of homicide compared with non-Hispanic whites (P &lt; .05). Significant risk factors for external-cause mortality and homicide included drug dealing (up to 9 years later), alcohol use disorder, and gang membership (up to a decade later).

CONCLUSIONS:
Delinquent youth are an identifiable target population to reduce disparities in early violent death.
gp49B-Mediated Negative Regulation of Antibody Production by Memory and Marginal Zone B Cells
Authors: Fukao Saori , Haniuda Kei , Nojima Takuya , Takai Toshiyuki , Kitamura Daisuke 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The rapid Ab responses observed after primary and secondary immunizations are mainly derived from marginal zone (MZ) and memory B cells, respectively, but it is largely unknown how these responses are negatively regulated. Several inhibitory receptors have been identified and their roles have been studied, but mainly on follicular B cells and much less so on MZ B, and never on memory B cells. gp49B is an Ig superfamily member that contains two ITIMs in its cytoplasmic tail, and it has been shown to negatively regulate mast cell, macrophage, and NK cell responses. In this study, we demonstrate that gp49B is preferentially expressed on memory and MZ B cells. We show that gp49B−/− mice produce more IgM after a primary immunization and more IgM and IgG1 after a secondary immunization than gp49B+/+ mice in T cell–dependent immune responses. Memory and MZ B cells from gp49B−/− mice also produce more Abs upon in vitro stimulation with CD40 than those from gp49B+/+ mice. The in vitro IgM production by MZ B cells from gp49B+/+, but not gp49B−/−, mice is suppressed by interaction with a putative gp49B ligand, the integrin αvβ3 heterodimer. In addition, gp49B−/− mice exhibited exaggerated IgE production in the memory recall response. These results suggest that plasma cell development from memory and MZ B cells, as well as subsequent Ab production, are suppressed via gp49B. In memory B cells, this suppression also prevents excessive IgE production, thus curtailing allergic diseases.
Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 2 Regulates the Expansion of Germinal Centers by Protecting against Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase–Independent DNA Damage in B Cells
Authors: Guikema Jeroen E. J. , Linehan Erin K. , Esa Nada , Tsuchimoto Daisuke , Nakabeppu Yusaku , Woodland Robert T. , Schrader Carol E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates a process generating DNA mutations and breaks in germinal center (GC) B cells that are necessary for somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination. GC B cells can “tolerate” DNA damage while rapidly proliferating because of partial suppression of the DNA damage response by BCL6. In this study, we develop a model to study the response of mouse GC B cells to endogenous DNA damage. We show that the base excision repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) 2 protects activated B cells from oxidative damage in vitro. APE2-deficient mice have smaller GCs and reduced Ab responses compared with wild-type mice. DNA double-strand breaks are increased in the rapidly dividing GC centroblasts of APE2-deficient mice, which activate a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint and a p53-dependent apoptotic response. Proliferative and/or oxidative damage and AID-dependent damage are additive stresses that correlate inversely with GC size in wild-type, AID-, and APE2-deficient mice. Excessive double-strand breaks lead to decreased expression of BCL6, which would enable DNA repair pathways but limit GC cell numbers. These results describe a nonredundant role for APE2 in the protection of GC cells from AID-independent damage, and although GC cells uniquely tolerate DNA damage, we find that the DNA damage response can still regulate GC size through pathways that involve p53 and BCL6.
Molecular Determinants of Agonist and Antagonist Signaling through the IL-36 Receptor
Authors: Günther Sebastian , Sundberg Eric J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The IL-1 family consists of 11 cytokines that control a complex network of proinflammatory signals critical for regulating immune responses to infections. They also play a central role in numerous chronic inflammatory disorders. Accordingly, inhibiting the activities of these cytokines is an important therapeutic strategy for treating autoimmune diseases and lymphomas. Agonist cytokines in the IL-1 family activate signaling by binding their cognate receptor and then recruiting a receptor accessory protein. Conversely, antagonist cytokines bind their cognate receptor but prohibit recruitment of receptor accessory protein, which precludes functional signaling complexes. The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines is the most diverse, including three agonists and at least one antagonist, and is the least well-characterized group within this family. Signaling through the IL-36 receptor directly stimulates dendritic cells and primes naive CD4 T cells for Th1 responses. Appropriately balanced IL-36 signaling is a critical determinant of skin and lung health. IL-36 signaling has been presumed to function analogously to IL-1 signaling. In this study, we have defined molecular determinants of agonist and antagonist signaling through the IL-36 receptor. We present the crystal structure of IL-36γ, which, to our knowledge, is the first reported structure of an IL-36 agonist. Using this structure as a guide, we designed a comprehensive series of IL-36 agonist/antagonist chimeric proteins for which we measured binding to the IL-36 receptor/IL-1 receptor accessory protein complex and functional activation and inhibition of signaling. Our data reveal how the fine specificity of IL-36 signaling is distinct from that of IL-1.
Human NKG2E Is Expressed and Forms an Intracytoplasmic Complex with CD94 and DAP12
Authors: Orbelyan Gerasim A. , Tang Fangming , Sally Benjamin , Solus Jason , Meresse Bertrand , Ciszewski Cezary , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Barreiro Luis B. , Lanier Lewis L. , Jabri Bana 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The NKG2 family of NK receptors includes activating and inhibitory members. With the exception of the homodimer-forming NKG2D, NKG2 receptors recognize the nonclassical MHC class I molecule HLA-E, and they can be subdivided into two groups: those that associate with and signal through DAP12 to activate cells, and those that contain an ITIM motif to promote inhibition. The function of NKG2 family member NKG2E is unclear in humans, and its surface expression has never been conclusively established, largely because there is no Ab that binds specifically to NKG2E. Seeking to determine a role for this molecule, we chose to investigate its expression and ability to form complexes with intracellular signaling molecules. We found that NKG2E was capable of associating with CD94 and DAP12 but that the complex was retained intracellularly at the endoplasmic reticulum instead of being expressed on cell surfaces, and that this localization was dependent on a sequence of hydrophobic amino acids in the extracellular domain of NKG2E. Because this particular sequence has emerged and been conserved selectively among higher order primates evolutionarily, this observation raises the intriguing possibility that NKG2E may function as an intracellular protein.
Liver Function Test Abnormalities in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Hospital-based Survey
Authors: Cappello Maria , Randazzo Claudia , Bravatà Ivana , Licata Anna , Peralta Sergio , Craxì Antonio , Almasio Piero Luigi 
Published: June 2014

Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are frequently associated with altered liver function tests (LFTs). The causal relationship between abnormal LFTs and IBD is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of LFTs abnormalities and their association with clinical variables in a cohort of IBD patients followed up in a single center. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of all consecutive IBD in- and outpatients routinely followed up at a single referral center. Clinical and demographic parameters were recorded. Subjects were excluded if they had a previous diagnosis of chronic liver disease. LFT abnormality was defined as an increase in aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), or total bilirubin. Results A cohort of 335 patients (179 males, mean age 46.0 ± 15.6 years) was analyzed. Abnormal LFTs were detected in 70 patients (20.9%). In most cases, the alterations were mild and spontaneously returned to normal values in about 60% of patients. Patients with abnormal LFTs were less frequently on treatment with aminosalicylates (22.8 vs. 36.6%, P = 0.04). The most frequent cause for transient abnormal LFTs was drug-induced cholestasis (34.1%), whereas fatty liver was the most frequent cause of persistent liver damage (65.4%). A cholestatic pattern was found in 60.0% of patients and was mainly related to older age, longer duration of disease, and hypertension. Conclusions The prevalence of LFT abnormalities is relatively high in IBD patients, but the development of severe liver injury is exceptional. Moreover, most alterations of LFTs are mild and spontaneously return to normal values. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity and fatty liver are the most relevant causes of abnormal LFTs in patients with IBD.
An Overview of Measuring Impulsive Behavior in Mice
Authors: Dent Claire L. , Isles Anthony R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractImpulsive behavior is a key constituent of many psychiatric illnesses, with maladaptive response control being a feature of disorders such as ADHD, schizophrenia, mania, and addiction. In order to understand the neurological underpinnings of impulsivity, a number of behavioral tasks have been developed for use with animal models. Data from studies with rats and other animals have led to the idea of the existence of dissociable components of impulsivity, which in turn informs studies of human disorders and potentially the development of specific therapies. Increasingly, mouse models are being used to investigate the known genetic contribution to psychiatric disorders in which abnormal response control leads to altered impulsive behaviors. In order to maximize the potential of these mouse models, it is important that researchers take into account the non‐unitary nature of response control and impulsivity. In this article, we briefly review the tasks available to behavioral neuroscientists and how these can be used in order to tease apart the contribution of a specific genetic lesion into the discrete aspects of impulsive behavior. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 4:35‐45 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Myrrhanolide D and Myrrhasin A, New Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Resin of Commiphora opobalsamum
Authors: Shen Tao , Li Guo‐Hui , Zhong Qing‐Qing , Wang Shu‐Qi , Ren Dong‐Mei , Lou Hong‐Xiang , Wang Xiao‐Ning 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo new germacrane‐type sesquiterpenoids bearing an epoxy ring, myrrhanolide D (1) and myrrhasin A (2), together with eight known compounds, 3–10, were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora opobalsamum. Their structures were elucidated based on the analyses of their spectroscopic data. The isolated compounds 1, 2, 6, and 8 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human prostate cancer DU145 and PC3 cells.
The impact of obesity on adult tracheostomy complication rate
Authors: Cordes Susan R. , Best Amy R. , Hiatt Kelly K. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisProspectively compare tracheostomy‐related complications in obese patients with complications in nonobese patients.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsAdult patients undergoing tracheostomy were studied. Patients who had a prior tracheostomy were excluded. Complications were classified as intraoperative, early (within the first 2 weeks), or late.ResultsA total of 151 patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Fifty‐five percent of obese patients experienced at least one tracheostomy‐related complication; 19.5% of the control group had a complication. Mean procedure duration for patients with body mass index <30 was 24.74 minutes and for obese patients was 46.17 minutes. There was a statistically significant effect of body mass index on complication rate (P < .0001) and on procedure duration (P < .0001). The relationships between body mass index and intraoperative complications (P = .027) and early postoperative complications (P = .001) were significant.ConclusionsThe tracheostomy‐related complication rate is significantly higher for obese patients, especially for body mass index ≥35, especially in the intraoperative and early postoperative time periods. Procedure duration is significantly longer in obese patients.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:105–110, 2015
Augusta Browne: From Musical Prodigy to Musical Pilgrim in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: MILLER BONNY H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAugusta Browne Garrett composed at least two hundred piano pieces, songs, duets, hymns, and sacred settings between her birth in Dublin, Ireland, around 1820, and her death in Washington, D.C., in 1882. Judith Tick celebrated Browne as the “most prolific woman composer in America before 1870” in her landmark studyAmerican Women Composers before 1870. Browne, however, cast an enduring shadow as an author as well, publishing two books, a dozen poems, several Protestant morality tracts, and more than sixty music essays, nonfiction pieces, and short stories. By means of her prose publications, Augusta Browne “put herself into the text—as into the world, into history—by her own movement,” as feminist writer Hélène Cixous urged of women a century later. Browne maintained a presence in the periodical press for four decades in a literary career that spanned music journalism, memoir, humor, fiction, poetry, and Christian devotional literature, but one essay, “The Music of America” (1845), generated attention through the twentieth century. With much of her work now easily available in digitized sources, Browne's life can be recovered, her music experienced, and her prose reassessed, which taken together yield a rich picture of the struggles, successes, and opinions of a singular participant and witness in American music of her era.
Sparse and distributed coding of episodic memory in neurons of the human hippocampus
Authors: Wixted John T. , Squire Larry R. , Jang Yoonhee , Papesh Megan H. , Goldinger Stephen D. , Kuhn Joel R. , Smith Kris A. , Treiman David M. , Steinmetz Peter N. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
The ability to form episodic memories in rapid succession depends on the hippocampus, but how do hippocampal neurons represent such memories? Most neurocomputational models envision a sparse distributed coding scheme in which individual neurons each participate in the coding of a few memories, and each memory is coded by a small fraction of hippocampal neurons. We investigated this issue with epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial monitoring and found evidence consistent with sparse distributed coding in the hippocampus. These findings shed new light on the basic neural mechanisms that underlie the ability to remember events. A detailed characterization of those mechanisms is an essential part of the larger effort to understand memory loss associated with normal aging and dementia.
Helium pickup ion focusing cone as an indicator of the interstellar flow direction
Authors: Chalov S. V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The spatial distribution of pickup He+ in the helium focusing cone during the most recent very quiet solar minimum is studied numerically by solving the transport equation for the anisotropic velocity distribution function of the ions, which takes into account pitch-angle scattering, adiabatic cooling, and focusing in the interplanetary magnetic field. It is shown that the pickup He+ focusing cone observed with the STEREO spacecraft can be shifted in ecliptic longitude relative to the neutral helium cone, and thus can be considered as an indicator of the interstellar flow direction only in the case if all relevant transport effects are taken into account. The value of the shift depends on the mean free path of pickup ions. The larger is the mean free path, the larger is the shift. Under unusually quiet solar wind conditions during the recent solar minimum the shift can reach 5°.