bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardising Petroleum Engineering Education in Brazil: Preparing The Next Generation
Authors: Mendes G. D. , Souza A. F. , Terrazas R. R. , Lacerda R. F. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
During the past years, Brazil has been experiencing a significant oil boom, mainly due to its successful and technologically challenging deep offshore exploration campaign, namely the “pre-salt” area. Furthermore, after a five-year halt on bidding rounds, Brazil held two bidding rounds last year: one aimed at on-shore unconventional exploration, as an attempt to stay current on the abroad shale revolution, the other being the first pre-salt PSC bidding for the super-giant field of “Libra”. In fact, Brazilian authorities have stated that they expect to nearly double its domestic production within the next five years [1].
Both of these exploration frontiers represent not only innumerous financial, technological and logistical challenges, but the success will be dependent and profoundly driven by the availability of the country's petroleum-industry workforce resources involved; specifically, its ability to supply the sudden and critically arising demand. In addition, turning the scenario even more complex is the fact that Brazilian law [1] requires a substantial share of local content, including workforce, must be employed in any of those projects.
In face of such a scenario, the SPE Brazil Section, along with several nation-wide company and university representatives, developed and proposed a new unified petroleum engineering program course, aimed at all Brazilian universities. It is on such report that this paper is based.
The extensive report indicates that existing academic programs must undergo some changes, if they are to adapt to modern industry requirements and standards. For instance, it concluded that only one-third of a program should be composed of basic courses, with more than half of them on specific-petroleum-oriented courses, together with one-tenth on professional-applied courses. In summary, the report indicates that the Brazilian approach on scientific education must be improved and re-thought, combining a theoretical approach and practical considerations.
World Record Longest and Deepest 7" Turbine Reaming Liner: Application and Challenges
Authors: Al-Jamal Abdulrahman A. , Hanafi Machmud X. , Al-Dhafeeri Bader N. , Al-Saggaf Hatem M. , Dias Pradeep , El-Debais Jamal 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
One of world's longest cemented 7″ turbine reaming liners, 5.1 km long, was successfully deployed in the Manifa field located in Saudi Arabia. The 7″ liner was effectively aided in reaching the liner point (LP) below the 9⅝ casing using turbine reamer technology installed at the end of string and was then successfully cemented. The reaming operation was performed by activating the turbine reamer shoe by pumping drilling fluid when a borehole restriction was encountered while running in the hole (RIH).
The turbine reamer is a high speed reaming tool and the main benefits of using this technology in such a long horizontal section is to ream and remove obstructions (debris, cuttings, ledges, excessive filter cake) and successfully deploy the liner to the target depth (TD).
The process of utilizing the turbine reamer technology to deploy the 5.1 km liner to the TD was successfully executed in a horizontal producer well in the Manifa Increment Project, resulting in reduced risk of stuck casings and liners. This paper will present a case study of the turbine reaming operation, lessons learned and challenges encountered during the running and cementing the 16,758 ft (5.1 km) of a 7″ liner in the 8½″ hole section. It also provides focus on potential enhancements for future utilization of the technology.
Pre-Drill and Real-Time Pore Pressure Prediction: Lessons from a Sub-Salt, Deep Water Wildcat Well, Red Sea, KSA
Authors: Brown John P. , Fox Adam , Sliz Krzysztof , Hanbal Ibrahim , Planchart Carlos , Davies Graham , Bradford Charles , McCrossan John , McFarlane Mark 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Saudi Aramco's first deepwater exploration well targeted a sub-salt Miocene syn-rift section located in over 2,000 ft of water and beneath 9,000 ft of halite and evaporites. Offset well information from previous shallow exploration wells was limited; therefore, calibration for pre-drill pore pressure and fracture gradient prediction (PPFG) was performed using a single shallow water well completed two months prior to spuding the well. Pre-drill PPFG predictions presented a very high degree of uncertainty, which translated into uncertainty in well design and mud weight planning. Pre-drill pore pressure prediction relied on seismic velocities extracted from a wide azimuth 3D survey and used Residual Normal Move Out (RNMO) and seismic inversion to extract velocities that were presumed to represent shale velocities. Real-time pore pressure monitoring was based on a comprehensive program that included logging while drilling (LWD), multiple look-ahead vertical seismic profiles (VSPs), velocity model updating and rapid remigration (pre-stack depth migration) around the wellbore to produce simultaneous improvements in imaging and depth estimates that were tied back to an evolving geological pore pressure model. Significant differences between the pre-drill pore pressure model and measured well pressures highlight the critical importance of the pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) velocity model and the necessity to be able to modify the seismic velocity model and calculated pore pressures in real time to provide accurate information to drilling operations. An integrated team of technical professionals from nine separate departments was required to successfully carry out this project, which resulted in the successful drilling of a deepwater well in a high overpressure — low fracture gradient environment with minimal operational downtime.
Innovative, Cost Effective and Simpler Technology to Recover Flare Gas
Authors: Peeran Syed , Beg Dr Najam 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
According to the Global Gas Flaring Reduction Initiative (GGFR) – more than 140 billion cubic metres (4.9 trillion ft3) is flared annually and the same amount is probably vented. There is a growing awareness in the oil and gas industry to reduce flaring and on utilising Flare Gas Recovery Systems (FGRS).
Conventional Flare Gas Recovery systems usually comprise of one or more compressors, which compress the collected flare gas and route it for further processing. The compressor design is critical and determines the system’'s capacity and turndown capability. However compressor based solutions can be physically large, complex and have relatively high capital and operating costs. They can also be very sensitive to changes in gas composition and MW.
Surface jet pumps (SJPs) are simple, low cost passive devices that can also be used to recover flare or vent gas. They use a high pressure (HP) fluid as the motive force to capture and boost the pressure of the low pressure LP flare / vent gas and deliver it for processing. The high pressure fluid that is needed as the source of energy for the SJP is usually a portion of gas taken from the discharge of an existing compressor or from the export gas line. However HP liquids, such as oil or injection water can also be used as the motive sources for the SJP. Advantages of using SJPs include using already available fluid energy within a process stream, no moving parts, zero maintenance, zero power or fuel gas usage, small footprint and varying layout configurations. SJPs are well suited to liquid ingestion and to changes in process conditions (without affecting performance).
This paper looks briefly at the designs of FGRS currently used, their location in a plant and in particular discusses the use of Surface Jet Pumps as an alternative to compressors dedicated for flare gas recovery. It cites several case studies of where this technology has been successfully utilised. The design and operational criteria of SJPs, as well as the economics are also highlighted.
Assessing EOR Potential from Partitioning Tracer Data
Authors: Huseby Olaf , Hartvig Sven K. , Jevanord Kjersti , Dugstad Øyvind 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In development of mature oil fields using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, one of the challenges is to quantify remaining oil and to evaluate the potential gain of EOR in pilot studies. One of the proven technologies to estimate remaining amounts of oil is the single-well chemical tracer test (SWCTT). During such push-and-pull tests, oil/water partitioning ester partially hydrolyses to a non-partitioning water tracer. A time-lag in back-production time between the injected ester and the alcohol generated in-situ yields remaining oil saturation (ROS) through a simple relation. A similar time-lag technique is used in partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITTs), where tracers are injected into injectors and sampled in producers. New and stable, oil-water partitioning tracers suitable for oil reservoir PITTs have been recently developed and field tested (SPE164059), allowing measurement of remaining oil saturation in inter-well regions.
This paper reviews methodology to assess oil saturation in both near-well and inter-well regions of an oil reservoir, and highlights the differences and similarities of partitioning near-well and inter-well tracer tests that can be used to evaluate the potential gain from an EOR-operation.
SWCTTs and PITTs target different scales of an oil field, as a SWCTT explores the near well zone, up to a few meters, and a PITT explore an inter-well region. In order to assess information on both these scales we propose a systematic procedure for oil saturation measurement, using partitioning tracers. The procedure involves use of PITTs and systematic residence time distribution (RTD) interpretation of tracer production curves to extract information about remaining oil saturation and the distribution of this saturation in an oil field. The procedure is validated using the tracer data recently reported by Viig et al. (SPE164059).
Communication practices and preferences between orthodontists and general dentists
Authors: Bibona Kevin , Shroff Bhavna , Best Al M. , Lindauer Steven J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate similarities and differences in orthodontists' and general dentists' perceptions regarding their interdisciplinary communication.

Materials and Methods:
Orthodontists (N  =  137) and general dentists (N  =  144) throughout the United States responded to an invitation to participate in a Web-based and mailed survey, respectively.

Results:
The results indicated that orthodontists communicated with general dentists using the type of media general dentists preferred to use. As treatment complexity increased, orthodontists shifted from one-way forms of communication (letters) to two-way forms of communication (phone calls; P &lt; .05). Both orthodontists and general dentists reported that orthodontists' communication regarding white spot lesions was inadequate. When treating patients with missing or malformed teeth, orthodontists reported that they sought input from the general dentists at a higher rate than the general dentists reported (P &lt; .005).

Conclusions:
Orthodontists' and general dentists' perceptions of how often specific types of media were used for interdisciplinary communication were generally similar. They differed, however, with regard to how adequately orthodontists communicated with general dentists and how often orthodontists sought input from general dentists. The methods and extent of communication between orthodontists and general dentists need to be determined on a patient-by-patient basis.
An improved model for tidally modulated grounding-line migration
Authors: Tsai Victor C. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnderstanding grounding-line dynamics is necessary for predictions of long-term ice-sheet stability. However, despite growing observations of the tidal influence on grounding-line migration, this short-timescale migration is poorly understood, with most modeling attempts assuming beam theory to calculate displacements. Here we present an improved model of tidal grounding-line migration that treats migration as an elastic fracture problem, forced by the additional ocean water pressure from the tide. This new model predicts that the grounding line cannot be assumed to be in hydrostatic equilibrium and, furthermore, that migration is inherently asymmetric and nonlinear, with migration distances that are not proportional to the tidal load. Specifically, for constant surface slope, the grounding line migrates upstream approximately ten times further as the tide rises from mean sea level to high tide than it migrates downstream as the tide falls from mean sea level to low tide, and migration distances are substantially larger than simple flotation arguments suggest. Numerical tests also show that the dependence of migration distance on elastic moduli and ice-sheet thickness are inconsistent with predictions of beam theory for a range of realistic values. Finally, applying the new model to observations in Antarctica results in new estimates of bed slopes, though these estimates remain uncertain due to imperfect knowledge of the relevant rheological parameters.
Marine ice-sheet profiles and stability under Coulomb basal conditions
Authors: Tsai Victor C. , Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe behavior of marine-terminating ice sheets, such as the West Antarctic ice sheet, is of interest due to the possibility of rapid grounding-line retreat and consequent catastrophic loss of ice. Critical to modeling this behavior is a choice of basal rheology, where the most popular approach is to relate the ice-sheet velocity to a power-law function of basal stress. Recent experiments, however, suggest that near-grounding line tills exhibit Coulomb friction behavior. Here we address how Coulomb conditions modify ice-sheet profiles and stability criteria. The basal rheology necessarily transitions to Coulomb friction near the grounding line, due to low effective stresses, leading to changes in ice-sheet properties within a narrow boundary layer. Ice-sheet profiles ‘taper off’ towards a flatter upper surface, compared with the power-law case, and basal stresses vanish at the grounding line, consistent with observations. In the Coulomb case, the grounding-line ice flux also depends more strongly on flotation ice thickness, which implies that ice sheets are more sensitive to climate perturbations. Furthermore, with Coulomb friction, the ice sheet grounds stably in shallower water than with a power-law rheology. This implies that smaller perturbations are required to push the grounding line into regions of negative bed slope, where it would become unstable. These results have important implications for ice-sheet stability in a warming climate.
Les inondations à Bordeaux depuis le XVe siècle : causes et périodicité
Authors: Yvard Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2015

Die Überschwemmungen in Bordeaux seit dem 15. Jahrhundert : Ursachen und Zyklen.
Bordeaux wird seit altersher von außergewöhnlich starken Überschwemmungen heimgesucht, sei es durch die aus ihrem Bett tretende Garonne, sei es durch überfließende Rückstaudecken des städtischen Kanalnetzes. Die tiefliegenden Stadtviertel können auf diese Weise (wie im Juni 1883 oder im Mai 1982) durch starke Gewitterregen überschwemmt werden, während das Übertreten der Garonne vor allem dann zu fürchten ist, wenn das ablaufende Flußwasser durch anlaufende und von Noratoordwest-Stürmen in die Gironde-Mündung gedrückte Hochfluten aufgestaut wird (wie während der Äquinoktialfluten im April 1770 oder im Februar 1879). Während der letzten Jahrzehnte hat eine veränderte Raumplanung der landwirtschaftlichen und vorstädtischen Randgebiete eine Veränderung des Regenwasserabflusses nach sich gezogen ; seither steigen die Hochwasser auf einen zuvor niemals erreichten Pegelstand.
Sur les plus anciennes rédactions coutumières du Midi : les « chartes » consulaires d'Arles et d'Avignon
Authors: Gouron André 
Published: March 2015

Über die ältesten Aufzeichnungen des Gewohnheitsrechtes im Süden Frankreichs : die konsularischen « Rechtstitel » von Arles und Avignon.
Die konsularischen « Rechtstitel » von Arles und Avignon sind vermutlich um 1156 beziehungsweise um 1158 niedergeschrieben worden ; die zweite Urkunde nimmt teilweise auf die erste Bezug. Ihre Verfasser entstammen beide dem engeren Kreis provenzalischer Juristen ; der Verfasser des Textes von Arles steht dem Zivilrechtler Raoul und dem Kirchenrechtler Raymond des Arènes nahe, während sich derjenige aus Avignon mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit den jurisperitus Elzéar zum Vorbild nimmt.
Le mythe tectosage dans l'historiographie toulousaine de l'époque moderne
Authors: Péréra Christelle 
Published: March 2015

The Tectosage Myth in Toulousain Historiography in the Early Modern Period.
The story of the feats of the Tectosage Gauls and the evocation of their civilization occupies much space in Toulousain historiography in the early modern period. Thought to be the ancestors of the Toulouse people, they are described as being valiant and invincible warriors, simple men close to nature, and still blessed with great intellectual aptitudes. The success of this myth can be probably explained by the frustration of Toulouse's elites who sought in the glorious - and largely imaginary - past of their city, a symbolic compensation for its decline before the progrès of monarchical centralization.
L'administration face à l'arrivée des rapatriés d'Algérie : l'exemple de la région Midi-Pyrénées
Authors: Zytnicki Colette 
Published: March 2015

Die Reaktion der Verwaltung auf die Ankunft der Umsiedler aus Algérien : das Beispiel der Region Midi-Pyrénées.
Als 1962 unvermutet mehr als 80 000 Umsiedler aus Algerien in der Region Midi-Pyrénées eintrafen, hat die Verwaltung ihre Aufhahme organisiert und ihnen Wohnung und Arbeit verschafft. Diese unter dem Druck der Ereignisse entschiedene Aktion kann als eine wichtige Etappe in der Geschichte der Dezentralisierung gewertet werden, da sie den erst kurz zuvor eingesetzten Regionalpräfekten weitgehende Vollmachten verlieh und ihnen eine Verwaltungserfahrung verschaffte, die ihnen in den folgenden Jahren erheblich zugute kommen sollte. Zu fragen ist allerdings auch, ob die Umsiedler von der für sie betriebenen Politik tatsächlich erfolgreich in die Gesellschaft des Mutterlandes eingliedert wurden.
Marie Brizard à l'assaut des grandes maisons de cognac : le rêve d'une troisième grande maison (1890-1916)
Authors: Bonin Hubert 
Published: March 2015

Marie Brizard im Angriff auf die großen Cognac-Häuser : der Traum von einem dritten großen Cognac-Haus (1890-1916).
Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, zu einer Zeit, als der gesamte Cognac-Markt von nur zwei namhaften Hersteilem beherrscht wurde, versuchte die bordelaiser Spirituosenfirma Marie Brizard, sich einen eigenen Marktanteil zu erobern. Sie mobilisierte hierfür alle ihre Handelserfahrungen, stezte ihren hervorragenden Markennamen ein, brachte Qualitätsprodukte heraus und drängte sich so an die vorderste Cognac-Front. Nach mehr als zwanzig Jahren erbitterten Kampfes mußte sie sich jedoch ihre Niederlage eingestehen. Es ist interessant, nach den Ursachen dieses strategischen Scheiterns zu fragen, in dessen Folge sich die Firma auf ihre angestammten Bereiche zurückzog und nur noch einen unbedeutenden Branntwein im Angebot hielt.
Les mouvements anti-fiscaux en Languedoc d'après les archives de la Cour des Comptes, Aides et Finances de Montpellier (1660-1789)
Authors: Pélaquier Élie 
Published: March 2015

Die antifiskalischen Volkserhebungen im Languedoc, nach Archivdokumenten des Rechnungs-, Steuer-, und Finanzgerichtshofes von Montpellier (1660-1789).
Im Rahmen eines landesweiten, von Professor Jean Nicolas geleiteten Forschungsprojektes über die "Volkserhebungen in Frankreich im Zeitalter des Zweiten Absolutismus" analysiert dieser Artikel 177 Fälle von antifiskalischen Gewaltakten, die in den Prozeßakten des Steuergerichtshofes von Montpellier überliefert sind. Die Untersuchung gilt den Ursachen, den Beteiligten und den Ausdrucksformen dieser Rebellionen. In den Jahren zwischen 1660 und 1690 betreffen diese Aktionen die Gesamtheit der direkten (königlichen, grundherrschaftlichen oder städtischen) Steuern : neben einer Vielzahl von kleinen Rebellionen kommt es zu größeren Bewegungen, die ganze Dörfer oder die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung einer Stadt umfassen. Nach einer gewissen Beruhigung flammen diese Erhebungen nach 1730 wieder auf und richten sich nunmehr massif gegen die indirekte Besteuerung. Eindeutig auf den städtischen Raum begrenzt, wechseln sich diese Erhebungen mit den großen und wohlbekannten Kornrevolten ab.
La révolte des métayers du Bas-Adour dans les années vingt
Authors: Bahus-Lescourret Hélène 
Published: March 2015

The Sharecroppers' Revolt in the Lower Adour Valley during the 1920s.
The lower Adour Valley experienced in 1920 a sharecroppers' revolt that revealed the socio-economic situation of the region. Within the limits of the canton of Peyrehorade, confronting demographical data with statistical information on agriculture and with notarial archives permits the research for possible correlations between farm yields, social movements and property transfers. Collective memory of these events maintains the souvenir of the double image of sharecroppers as victims of the archaism of their living and working conditions or as rebels, responsable for the social fear of owners.
Élites marseillaises et logement ouvrier à la fin du XIXe siècle : les maisons ouvrières de la Caisse d'épargne des Bouches-du-Rhône à La Capelette
Authors: Américi Laurence 
Published: March 2015

Marseille's Elites and Worker Housing at the end of the Nineteenth Century : the Bouches-du-Rhône Savings Bank's Working Class Housing in the Capelette Neighborhood.
From 1888 to 1893, the Bouches-du-Rhône Savings Bank built a hundred homes for workers in one of Marseille's industrial neighborhoods called La Capelette. By this project, which was the first direct intervention of a savings bank in low income housing, the notables who managed the bank sought to contribute to the evolution of national legislation. They wanted to illustrate in an exemplary way the social mission of an elite which defined itself as tiberal and philanthropical and which was determined to reconquer in its city a social power that was challenged.
Un artisan de la renaissance religieuse à Toulouse au XIXe siècle : le chanoine Garrigou
Authors: Meyer Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2015

An Artisan of the Religious Renaissance of Toulouse in the Nineteenth Century : Canon Garrigou.
Discrete and humble, canon Maurice Garrigou (1766-1852) was nevertheless one of the principal animators of the catholic renaissance at Toulouse during the first half of the nineteenth century. He inspired numerous pious associations and charitable works : he founded in 1817 the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of Compassion, still present today in several countries around of the world. Refusing political commitments, it was by his spiritual and mystical aura that he sought to encourage the rebirth of religious life within the population.