bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions using magnetization transfer imaging and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Heller Samantha L. , Moy Linda , Lavianlivi Sherlin , Moccaldi Melanie , Kim Sungheon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate feasibility of using magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in conjunction with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions at 3 Tesla.Materials and Methods:This prospective study was IRB and HIPAA compliant. DCE‐MRI scans followed by MT imaging were performed on 41 patients. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on co‐registered MTR and DCE postcontrast images for breast structures, including benign lesions (BL) and malignant lesions (ML). Initial enhancement ratio (IER) and delayed enhancement ratio (DER) were calculated, as were normalized MTR, DER, and IER (NMTR, NDER, NIER) values. Diagnostic accuracy analysis was performed.Results:Mean MTR in ML was lower than in BL (P < 0.05); mean DER and mean IER in ML were significantly higher than in BL (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). NMTR, NDER, and NIER were significantly lower in ML versus BL (P < 0.007, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). IER had highest diagnostic accuracy (77.6%), sensitivity (86.2%), and area under the ROC curve (.879). MTR specificity was 100%. Logistic regression modeling with NMTR and NIER yielded best results for BL versus ML (sensitivity 93.1%, specificity 80%, AUC 0.884, accuracy 83.7%).Conclusion:Isolated quantitative DCE analysis may increase specificity of breast MR for differentiating BL and ML. DCE‐MRI with NMTR may produce a robust means of evaluating breast lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:138–145. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arterial enhancing‐only nodules less than 2 cm in diameter in patients with liver cirrhosis: Predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis on gadobenate dimeglumine‐enhanced mr imaging
Authors: Quaia Emilio , Pizzolato Riccardo , De Paoli Luca , Angileri Roberta , Ukmar Maja , Assunta Cova Maria 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess whether gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd‐BOPTA)‐enhanced MR imaging could predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis in small arterial enhancing‐only nodules detected by contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) in patients with liver cirrhosis.Materials and Methods:We prospectively recruited 125 cirrhotic patients (67 males, and 58 females; age: 68 ± 12.36 years) with 151 small (<2 cm in diameter) arterial enhancing‐only nodules identified by contrast‐enhanced CT. All patients were scanned by MR imaging before and after Gd‐BOPTA injection during the hepatic arterial phase (HAP), portal venous phase (PVP), equilibrium phase (EP), and hepatobiliary phase (HP). Nodule characterization was based on reference imaging criteria (n = 29 nodules), follow‐up (n = 105), or histology (n = 17). Two radiologists (5 and 10 years experience) analyzed the MR images, and logistic regression was conducted to assess how well MR imaging findings could predict HCC diagnosis.Results:Final diagnoses included 115 benign nodules and 36 HCCs. Nodule T2 hyperintensity, T1 hypointensity, PVP‐EP hypointensity, and HP hypointensity were the best predictors of HCC on univariate analysis. Nodule T2 hyperintensity, T1 hypointensity, and HP hypointensity, were independent predictors of HCC on multivariate analysis.Conclusion:Gd‐BOPTA‐enhanced MR imaging provides imaging findings which may predict a diagnosis of HCC in small arterial enhancing‐only nodules in cirrhotic patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:892–902. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated unsupervised multi‐parametric classification of adipose tissue depots in skeletal muscle
Authors: Valentinitsch Alexander , C. Karampinos Dimitrios , Alizai Hamza , Subburaj Karupppasamy , Kumar Deepak , M. Link Thomas , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To introduce and validate an automated unsupervised multi‐parametric method for segmentation of the subcutaneous fat and muscle regions to determine subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) areas based on data from a quantitative chemical shift‐based water‐fat separation approach.Materials and Methods:Unsupervised standard k‐means clustering was used to define sets of similar features (k = 2) within the whole multi‐modal image after the water‐fat separation. The automated image processing chain was composed of three primary stages: tissue, muscle, and bone region segmentation. The algorithm was applied on calf and thigh datasets to compute SAT and IMAT areas and was compared with a manual segmentation.Results:The IMAT area using the automatic segmentation had excellent agreement with the IMAT area using the manual segmentation for all the cases in the thigh (R2: 0.96) and for cases with up to moderate IMAT area in the calf (R2: 0.92). The group with the highest grade of muscle fat infiltration in the calf had the highest error in the inner SAT contour calculation.Conclusion:The proposed multi‐parametric segmentation approach combined with quantitative water‐fat imaging provides an accurate and reliable method for an automated calculation of the SAT and IMAT areas reducing considerably the total postprocessing time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:917–927. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered loading in the injured knee after ACL rupture
Authors: Gardinier Emily S. , Manal Kurt , Buchanan Thomas S. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: October 2012

AbstractArticular loading is an important factor in the joint degenerative process for individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Evaluation of loading for a population that exhibits neuromuscular compensation for injury requires an approach which can incorporate individual muscle activation strategies in its estimation of muscle forces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knee joint contact forces for patients with ACL deficiency using an EMG‐driven modeling approach to estimate muscle forces. Thirty athletes with acute, unilateral ACL rupture underwent gait analysis after resolving range of motion, effusion, pain, and obvious gait impairments. Electromyography was recorded bilaterally from 14 lower extremity muscles and input to a musculoskeletal model for estimation of muscle forces and joint contact forces. Gait mechanics were consistent with previous reports for individuals with ACL‐deficiency. Our major finding was that joint loading was altered in the injured limb after acute ACL injury; patients walked with decreased contact force on their injured knee compared to their uninjured knee. Both medial and lateral compartment forces were reduced without a significant change in the distribution of tibiofemoral load between compartments. This is the first study to estimate medial and lateral compartment contact forces in patients with acute ACL rupture using an approach which is sensitive to individual muscle activation patterns. Further work is needed to determine whether this early decreased loading of the injured limb is involved in the development of osteoarthritis in these patients. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 458–464, 2013
The rigid relation principle, a new weak choice principle
Authors: Hamkins Joel David , Palumbo Justin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe rigid relation principle, introduced in this article, asserts that every set admits a rigid binary relation. This follows from the axiom of choice, because well‐orders are rigid, but we prove that it is neither equivalent to the axiom of choice nor provable in Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice. Thus, it is a new weak choice principle. Nevertheless, the restriction of the principle to sets of reals (among other general instances) is provable without the axiom of choice.
Compressible Magnetorheological Fluids Based on Composite Polyurethane Microspheres
Authors: Pramudya Irawan , Sutrisno Joko , Fuchs Alan , Kavlicoglu Barkan , Sahin Huseyin , Gordaninejad Faramarz 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel CMRF is synthesized from modified silicone oil, containing composite polyurethane microsphere additives, and surface‐coated iron particles. The CMRF is designed to act as a liquid spring with controllable damping properties in a damper system. The fluid compressibility is characterized by force/displacement measurements. The addition of composite polyurethane‐microspheres increases the strength and compressibility of the fluid. It also decreases the concentration of iron particles needed in order to achieve the same yield stress as commercially available MRF. Surface coating surface of the iron particles with poly(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene) via RAFT provides dispersion stability. magnified image
Structure/Property Relationships of Partially Crosslinked Poly(butylene succinate)
Authors: Ma Piming , Ma Zhe , Dong Weifu , Zhang Yong , Lemstra Pieter Jan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPBS is partially crosslinked by using DCP as an initiator. A low gel fraction (<30 wt%) and low crosslink density of the partially crosslinked PBS are obtained at a DCP content of <0.5 wt%. Consequently, the partially crosslinked PBS retains both its processability and its crystallinity. The overall crystallization rate of the PBS is enhanced by partial crosslinking as evidenced by a considerable increase in crystallization temperature (Tc). Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of PBS are significantly improved by the partial crosslinking. The structure/property relationships of the partially crosslinked PBS are explored. magnified image
Flexural‐Torsional Photomechanical Responses in Azobenzene‐Containing Crosslinked Polyimides
Authors: Wang David H. , Lee Kyung Min , Koerner Hilmar , Yu Zhenning , Vaia Richard A. , White Timothy J. , Tan Loon‐Seng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe influence of a variety of factors on the photomechanical output of azo‐CP2‐xx systems is studied, primarily focusing on a sample with a higher crosslink density (30 mol%) and two new, structurally related crosslinked polyimides with modified backbone flexibility/rigidity. This work elucidates the strong coupling between geometrical considerations (reciprocal aspect ratio of cantilever) and the visualized mechanical response (e.g., flexural‐torsional response of a cantilever). magnified image
Living copolymerization of ethylene/1‐octene with fluorinated FI‐Ti catalyst
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Zhang Kailun , Fan Hong , Wang Wen‐Jun , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLiving copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐octene was carried out at room temperature using the fluorinated FI‐Ti catalyst system, bis[N‐(3‐methylsalicylidene)‐2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluoroanilinato] TiCl2/dried methylaluminoxane, with various 1‐octene concentrations. The comonomer incorporation up to 32.7 mol % was achieved at the 1‐octene feeding ratio of 0.953. The living feature still retained at such a high comonomer level. The copolymer composition drifting was minor in this living copolymerization system despite of a batch process. It was found that the polymerization heterogeneity had a severe effect on the copolymerization kinetics, with the apparent reactivity ratios in slurry significantly different from those in solution. The reactivity ratios were nearly independent of polymerization temperature in the range of 0–35 °C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
DFT investigations of the piezoresistive effect of carbon nanotubes for sensor application
Authors: Wagner Christian , Schuster Jörg , Gessner Thomas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe investigate the piezoresistive effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within density functional theory (DFT) aiming at application‐relevant CNTs. CNTs are excellent candidates for the usage in nano‐electromechanical sensors (NEMSs) due to their small band gap at zero strain leading to a finite resistivity at room temperature. The application of strain induces a band gap‐opening leading to a tremendous change in the resistivity. DFT with the LDA approximation yields reasonable results for pure carbon systems like CNTs and is applied to calculate the electronic structure of experimentally relevant CNTs. For the transport part, a simple ballistic transport model based on the band gap is used. We compare our DFT results for the band gaps of strained CNTs to results of tight binding (TB) models. By introducing a scaling factor of $\sqrt {2} $, an excellent agreement of the DFT data with TB model, published by Yang and Han [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 154 (2000)], is obtained.
Synthesis and luminescent properties of nanocrystalline CaYAlO4:Sm3+ phosphors
Authors: Kim Myung Sub , Yu Jae Su 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNanocrystalline CaYAlO4:Sm3+ phosphors were synthesized by a citrate‐based sol–gel method. After annealing at 1000 °C, the closely packed particles with pure tetragonal crystalline structure were observed. The photoluminescence spectra exhibited the emission peaks of 565 nm (4G5/2 → 6H5/2), 600 nm (4G5/2 → 6H7/2), and 650 nm (4G5/2 → 6H9/2) under an excitation wavelength of 409 nm. The optimum concentration of CaYAlO4:Sm3+ phosphors was found to be 2 mol%. The lifetimes were measured to analyze the effect of Sm3+ concentration in CaYAlO4 host lattice. And similar emissions of cathode‐luminescence (CL) spectra were also observed. By increasing the accelerating voltage from 1 to 5 kV, the CL intensity was linearly increased.
Carbon Trading in Malaysia: Review of Policies and Practices
Authors: Amran Azlan , Zainuddin Zainorfarah , Zailani Suhaiza Hanim Mohamad 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe idea of trading greenhouse gas emissions has become an important tool to tackle the problem of global climate change. Malaysia has started to strive towards a low carbon economy through various policies and initiatives. The main objective of this article is to document the exiting policy developed by the Malaysian government and review some of the current practices pertaining to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The objective of such analysis is to understand what initiatives have been taken by the Malaysian government. Challenges and barriers will be documented for further research to provide a solution. In addition, it will also provide insight into the current CDM practices in Malaysia. It aims to provide a useful reference that could act as a foundation for future study to explore these issues further, particularly in the Malaysian context. It could also be an important reference for practitioners starting a CDM project. Although a review of the existing policy indicates that Malaysia has undertaken several initiatives, much more can be done. More research is now being carried out in order to provide support to the government. Stakeholder engagement is one way of acquiring input for the government to formulate a new policy. The main stakeholders – industry and the bankers – need to be engaged and made to understand to ensure smooth implementation and easy acceptance. Malaysia can also look to the advanced countries if necessary and modify what it learns for the Malaysian context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Interactions of Engineered Nanoparticles with Organs Protected by Internal Biological Barriers
Authors: Pietroiusti Antonio , Campagnolo Luisa , Fadeel Bengt 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials may exert adverse effects on human health which, in turn, may be linked to their propensity to cross biological barriers in the body. Here, available evidence is discussed, based on in vivo studies for interactions of commercially relevant nanoparticles with critical internal barriers. The internal barriers in focus in this review are the blood–brain barrier, protecting the brain, the blood–testis barrier, protecting the male germ line, and the placenta, protecting the developing fetus. The route of exposure (pulmonary, gastro‐intestinal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, dermal), and, hence, the portal of entry of nanoparticles into the body, is of critical importance. Different physico‐chemical properties, not only size, may determine the ability of nanoparticles to breach biological barriers; the situation is further compounded by the formation of a so‐called corona of biomolecules on the surfaces of nanoparticles, the composition of which may vary depending on the route of exposure and the translocation of nanoparticles from one biological compartment to another. The relevance of nanoparticle interactions with internal biological barriers for their impact on the organs protected by these barriers is also discussed.
NASA's Constellation Program: The final word
Authors: Thomas L. Dale , Hanley Jeffrey M. , Rhatigan Jennifer L. , Neubek Deborah 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNASA's Constellation Program, formulated in 2005 to achieve the objectives of maintaining American presence in low Earth orbit, returning to the Moon for purpose of establishing an outpost, and exploring Mars and beyond in the first half of the 21st century, was cancelled in 2010 [US Congress, NASA Authorization Act, Public Law 11‐267, 2010]. This paper describes the lessons learned developed by the staff of the Constellation Program to advise future programs, as well as program and system engineering managers of similar national efforts. These lessons learned are offered by those who experienced the day‐to‐day challenges of managing an effort planned as a multidecade undertaking. This effort spanned all 10 NASA Centers, multiple large‐scale acquisitions, and required modernizing an infrastructure designed and sized largely for the Apollo program in the 1960s. Moreover, it required leading a workforce generationally removed from the previous human spacecraft launch and entry development challenges. Key lessons learned from the Constellation Program are addressed and cover program elements in which systems engineers provide leadership and/or assistance to program management, including program planning, requirements development, system design methodology, management structure, decision‐making, and communications in a national program. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16:
A framework for capturing the hidden stakeholder system
Authors: Wood John , Sarkani Shahram , Mazzuchi Thomas , Eveleigh Timothy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs programs rise in intricacy and scope, the number of stakeholders involved also increases, often driving an exponential growth in program complexity. This complexity is caused by the $n^*(n - 1)/2$ stakeholder relationships which form an underlying system that influences all aspects of the program. Understanding, managing, and leveraging this stakeholder system will greatly increase a program's probability of success. This paper provides a framework for capturing this stakeholder system in a series of architectural views. These architectural products document the program's stakeholder concerns and also illustrate how those stakeholders interrelate over the system's lifecycle. The ultimate objective for the framework and use of the resulting products is to allow for right‐sized stakeholder involvement, promote effective use of resources, and increase the probability of overall program success with the assurance of lasting stakeholder commitment. Additionally, this unique insertion of Stakeholder Analysis and Social Network Analysis into an Architecture Framework fulfills an original intent of Architecture Framework, capturing the entire sociotechnical enterprise system. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16
HRM, Organizational Capacity for Change, and Performance: A Global Perspective
Authors: Shipton Helen , Budhwar Pawan S. , Crawshaw Jonathan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis special issue brings together a variety of articles, each one enriching understanding about whether and how human resource management (HRM) influences organizational performance (however defined) against a backdrop of complex change. We present a preliminary framework that enables us to integrate the diverse themes explored in the special issue, proposing a mediating role for organizational change capacity (OCC). OCC represents a particular subset within the resource‐based literature labeled as “dynamic capabilities.” Although not well researched, there is evidence that OCC is positively associated with firm performance and that this relationship is stronger given conditions of high uncertainty. Our framework reflects on external and internal parameters, which we suggest moderate the relationship between human resource management (HRM), OCC, and organizational performance. Our intention is to provide compelling insight for both practitioners and researchers, especially those whose remit extends beyond national boundaries, with reference to areas of the globe as disparate as Greece, Ireland, Pakistan, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Talent Management in the Video Game Industry: The Role of Cultural Diversity and Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Scholz Tobias M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlthough talent management is a relatively new research stream, it has already witnessed several changes. This research builds on extant work on talent management by focusing on the national culture of team members and finds that national culture, and especially cultural diversity, influences performance. The idea is tested in the video game industry where multicultural development teams create innovative products at a single location. The positive influence of culture varies across the different roles in video game development teams, and the findings confirm the importance of cultural diversity in talent management. These findings provide support for the research model and offer implications for research on cultural diversity and talent management. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Job Satisfaction and Self‐Efficacy as Mediating Mechanisms in the Employability and Affective Organizational Commitment Relationship: A Case From a Pakistani University
Authors: Yousaf Amna , Sanders Karin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe current article examined the potential role of job satisfaction and self‐efficacy as mediators in the expected relationship between employability and affective organizational commitment (ORC). Data were collected from 230 academic staff at a public university in Pakistan. Findings supported our hypotheses as (1) employability was positively related to ORC, (2) job satisfaction, and (3) self‐efficacy mediated the employability–ORC relationship. Moreover, the results indicated that job satisfaction had more power compared to self‐efficacy as a mediator in the employability–ORC relationship. Implications of the study are discussed in the end. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of polystyrene nanoparticles synthesized by differential microemulsion polymerization for property improvement of (vinyl acetate)‐ethylene copolymer
Authors: Chuayjuljit Saowaroj , Piyawong Nutnicha 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe nanolatex of polystyrene (PS) synthesized by differential microemulsion polymerization was blended with (vinyl acetate)‐ethylene (VAE) copolymer emulsion at VAE/PS dry weight ratios of 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40. This technique provided a well dispersion of PS nanoparticles in the blends without any phase separation or flocculation. The blended emulsions were cast into thin sheet for further characterizations. It was found that the tensile strength, Young's modulus, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability at 50% degradation of VAE were increased by the addition of an appropriate amount (20, 30, 40, and 40 wt%, respectively) of the PS nanoparticles, whereas the elongation at break deteriorated. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers