bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Crystal Integrated Dynamic Terahertz Metalenses
Authors: Wang Qiguang , Ge Shijun , Yu Hongguan , Hu Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces can freely manipulate the wavefront of electromagnetic waves with the merits of minimization and integration. Dynamic metadevices have continued to be urgently pursued to realize on‐demand functionalities. Among them, dynamic metalenses have attracted particular attention due to their widespread applications, especially in the promising terahertz region. Here, a liquid crystal integrated terahertz metalens with dynamic focusing properties is proposed. Subwavelength silicon columns are specifically designed and set to realize the same lens phase profile for orthogonal linear polarizations, while the rotation of columns additionally introduces a spin‐selective conjugated geometric phase. A photopatterned liquid crystal layer is added to compensate for the geometric phase; therefore, a polarization‐independent single focus is achieved. With a saturated bias applied to the liquid crystal, the phase compensation vanishes; therefore, a spin‐selective bifocal function is realized. When lens and polarization grating profiles are encoded to the geometric phase separately, longitudinal and lateral spin‐dependent focus separations are demonstrated. The metalens can be electrically switched between single‐focus and bifocal functions. The dynamic metalens can be utilized in depth‐of‐field imaging and telecom port selection. The design endows various existing metadevices with dynamic functions.
Analysis of the microsurgery fellowship match: 2019–2022 update
Authors: McGraw J. Reed , Sulkar Reena S. , Amro Chris , Gala Zachary , Mehrara Babak J. , Wong Alex K. , Kovach Stephen J. , Matros Evan , Azoury Saïd C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundA recent analysis of microsurgery fellowship match data published in 2019 demonstrated increased competition for available positions. With growing opportunities in the field, the authors hypothesize that the landscape for both applicants and programs has become more competitive. The aim of this study is to compare two periods of match data to inform residents and programs in microsurgery.MethodsMicrosurgery fellowship match data was obtained from the San Francisco Match with approval by the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery for the years 2014–2022. Data were stratified into the categories of 2016–2018 and 2019–2022. Parameters assessed included: program and position fill rates, match rates, and in‐service examination percentiles. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi‐square tests and unpaired t‐tests.ResultsThe median number of participating programs and positions increased to 29 and 47 in 2019–2022, compared with 23 and 40 in 2016–2018. This coincided with a decrease in the number of applicants per position (1.3 [52–40] vs. 1.1 [50–47], p = .45). There was a significant increase in the match rate between groups (67.8% vs. 80.2%, p = .007). Recently, 2022 saw the lowest position fill rate on record, at 75.4% (40 of 53 positions filled), down from 85.3% (35 of 41) in 2018 (p = .35) and 95.6% (43 of 45) in 2019 (p = .006). Mean in‐service examination percentiles for successfully matched applicants did not differ between (2016–2018) and (2019–2022) applicants.ConclusionRecent years have seen a rise in the number of microsurgery fellowship training programs with a decline in the number of applicants. Accordingly, there has been an increased match rate for prospective applicants. Despite this, a pool of unmatched applicants and unfilled positions with training opportunities still remain. The reasons for which are likely multifactorial.
Long‐Term Hearing Outcome For Vestibular Schwannomas After Microsurgery And Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Daloiso Antonio , Cazzador Diego , Concheri Stefano , Tealdo Giulia , Zanoletti Elisabetta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveHearing loss is a common symptom associated with vestibular schwannoma (VS), either because of the tumor's effects on the cochlear nerve or due to active treatments such as surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Treatment decisions for VS are based on factors including tumor size, hearing status, patient symptoms, and institutional preference. The study aimed to investigate long‐term auditory outcomes in VS patients undergoing active treatments with a hearing preservation intent.Data SourcesA systematic literature review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, searching Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases from inception to January 2024.Review MethodsStudies meeting inclusion criteria, including a minimum 5‐year follow‐up and assessment of pre‐ and posttreatment hearing outcomes, were included. Pooled prevalence estimates for serviceable hearing after SRS and microsurgery were calculated using MetaXL software. Risk of bias assessment was performed with the Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions tool.ResultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria, with 356 patients included for analysis. The pooled prevalence of maintaining serviceable hearing after SRS at 10 years was 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7%‐43.3%), with wide prediction intervals indicating variability in outcomes. Microsurgery demonstrated a higher prevalence of maintaining long‐term serviceable hearing, with a pooled estimate of 74.5% (95% CI: 63.5%‐84.1%).ConclusionThis systematic review underscores the importance of long‐term follow‐up in evaluating auditory outcomes in VS treatment. Despite the biases inherent to pretreatment patients selection, hearing preservation microsurgery for sporadic VS removal demonstrated favorable and stable long‐term serviceable hearing.
Ultratough and self‐healable electromagnetic interference shielding materials with sandwiched silver nanowires in polyurethane composite films
Authors: Nguyen Duy Khiem , Truong Hoai Nam , Pham Ai Le Hoang , Tran Minh Sang , Nguyen Dinh Minh Tuan , Bui Viet Quoc , Lien Mai Thi Kieu , Nguyen Van Cuong , Vu Minh Canh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents a facile self‐healing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite by sandwiching a layer of silver nanowires (AgNWs) between two layers of self‐healing polyurethane (SPU). The AgNWs layer forms an interconnected conductive network that effectively reflects and absorbs electromagnetic radiation, providing efficient EMI shielding. The SPU layers contribute autonomous healing of mechanical damages and restoring structural integrity and conductive pathways. The composite films exhibit remarkable EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) (up to 64.6 dB), exceptional mechanical toughness (106.4 MJ/m3), and self‐healing capabilities, outperforming conventional shielding materials. The synergy between AgNWs and SPU layers offers lightweight, flexible, tough, and self‐healing properties, making this material highly promising for applications in wearable electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries where durability and long‐term reliability are critical.Highlights
Facile fabrication of sandwiched AgNWs layer between SPU films.
Sandwiched AgNWs/SPU films with exceptional EMI shielding.
AgNWs form conductive networks for efficient EMI shielding.
Remarkable mechanical toughness of 106.4 MJ/m3 and self‐healing capability.
Potential shielding materials for lightweight, wearable electronics, aerospace.
Preparation of waste Camellia oleifera shell and high‐density polyethylene composites: Effect of pretreatment on fiber and materials properties
Authors: Liang Xianyue , Huang Zhixiang , Zhou Yonghui , Hu Chuanshuang , Tu Dengyun , Guan Litao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe preparation of wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) with high filling fibers and excellent physical properties remained a great challenge. This study used Camellia oleifera shell (COS, agroforestry product waste) as raw material, and prepared 60 wt% COS/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) WPCs using profile extrusion method through pretreating fibers including hot water, hot steam, alkali, acid, extraction, and fine fiber screening. After pretreatments, the relative contents of cellulose and lignin increased, the relative contents of hemicellulose and extract decreased significantly, and the length‐diameter ratio was improved. The flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength of hot water and steam heat treated composites reached 31.4, 17.1 MPa and 6.9 kJ/m2, 31.8, 16.8 MPa and 6.7 kJ/m2, respectively. Compared with untreated 28.8, 14.7 MPa and 5.5 kJ/m2, the advantages were more obvious. Alkali treatment and acid treatment improved the thermal stability and residue rate of the material. Extraction treatment and alkali treatment significantly reduced the processing torque force, which was conducive to processing, while acid treatment was the opposite. The highest water absorption and thickness expansion rate were 13.75% and 3.60% respectively at 7 days after alkali treatment, which were considerably higher than 5.60% and 0.78% without treatment, while other pretreatments improved the dimensional stability of the material.Highlights
High filling Camellia oleifera shell waste/HDPE composites were prepared.
Physical and chemical pretreatments improved interfacial adhesion of the composites.
Heat treatments significantly improved mechanical performance of the composites.
Comparative study of cadmium telluride solar cell performance on different TCO‐coated substrates under concentrated light intensities
Authors: Davis Rosemary , Oklobia Ochai , Irvine Stuart J. C. , Lamb Dan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConcentrating photovoltaics is an attractive route for achieving high power output with thin film solar cells, using low‐cost optics. In this work, the performance of CdTe:As thin film solar cells on two different transparent conducting oxide (TCO)‐coated substrates is investigated and compared under varying concentrated light intensities (1–6.3 Suns). Samples tested had CdZnS/CdTe:As devices deposited atop of either a soda‐lime glass with a fluorine‐doped tin oxide TCO or an ultra‐thin glass (UTG) with an aluminium zinc oxide TCO and ZnO high‐resistive transparent (HRT) layer. Device current density was found to increase linearly with increased light intensities, for both sample configurations. Power conversion efficiencies of both device samples decreased with increased light intensity, due to a decrease in fill factor. The fill factor, for both sample configurations, was affected by reducing shunt resistance with increasing illumination intensity. The two device types performed differently at the high illumination intensities due to their series resistance. Light‐soaking devices under 6.3 Suns illumination intensity for 90 min showed no significant performance degradation, indicative of relatively stable devices under the highest illumination intensity tested. Efficiency limiting factors are assessed, evaluated and discussed.
Integration of metagenomics and metaproteomics in the intestinal lavage fluids benefits construction of discriminative model and discovery of biomarkers for HBV liver diseases
Authors: Xu Hongkai , Zhang Jiangguo , Wang Fang , Chen Yiyang , Chen Hao , Feng Yang , Hou Guixue , Zi Jin , Zhang Meiping , Zhou Jinfeng , Deng Le , Lin Liang , Zhang Xiaoyin , Liu Siqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntestinal lavage fluid (IVF) containing the mucosa‐associated microbiota instead of fecal samples was used to study the gut microbiota using different omics approaches. Focusing on the 63 IVF samples collected from healthy and hepatitis B virus‐liver disease (HBV‐LD), a question is prompted whether omics features could be extracted to distinguish these samples. The IVF‐related microbiota derived from the omics data was classified into two enterotype sets, whereas the genomics‐based enterotypes were poorly overlapped with the proteomics‐based one in either distribution of microbiota or of IVFs. There is lack of molecular features in these enterotypes to specifically recognize healthy or HBV‐LD. Running machine learning against the omics data sought the appropriate models to discriminate the healthy and HBV‐LD IVFs based on selected genes or proteins. Although a single omics dataset is basically workable in such discrimination, integration of the two datasets enhances discrimination efficiency. The protein features with higher frequencies in the models are further compared between healthy and HBV‐LD based on their abundance, bringing about three potential protein biomarkers. This study highlights that integration of metaomics data is beneficial for a molecular discriminator of healthy and HBV‐LD, and reveals the IVF samples are valuable for microbiome in a small cohort.
Nanostructures for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID‐19: A Review
Authors: Tavakoli Zahra , Ranjbar Faezeh , Tackallou Saeed Hesami , Ranjbar Bijan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractViral infections are a significant cause of death globally, resulting in substantial ethical, social, and economic costs. In recent years, the world has experienced the worst epidemic of the current millennium, caused by the Coronavirus 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome. This infection can cause severe complications in various organs, such as the stomach, heart, liver, kidney, and brain. Antimicrobial drugs or vaccines can be a practical approach to combating these pathogens. However, there are drug‐resistant or emerging infections that do not have effective drugs or vaccines. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new approaches for early diagnosis, prevention, and effective therapies. So, nanomaterials are widely considered due to their unique properties. This review employs a practical approach to elucidate the role of nanostructures against COVID‐19. Also, the effects and benefits of various types of nanostructures are discussed that have been used to diagnose, prevent, and treat COVID‐19 in recent years. Furthermore, by evaluating different nanostructures, the utilization of biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of selenium and chitosan derivatives is suggested as a promising candidate for industrial use in the fight against COVID‐19. Ultimately, this study can offer insight into the potential applications of nanomaterials in combating emerging microbial infections.
Comparison of Escherichia coli Responses to Different Silver Nanoparticles with Different Particle Sizes and Surface Coatings
Authors: Liu Qiuran , Sun Yuqiong , Zhang Mengmeng , Hou Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAgNPs are widely used for their excellent antimicrobial properties, whereas the cytotoxicity they possess makes them an unignorable environmental problem. Considering the impact of particle size and surface coating on the antibacterial properties, four types of AgNPs are selected: citrate‐coated 20 nm (C20), polyvinylpyrrolidone‐coated 20 nm (P20), citrate‐coated 100 nm (C100), and polyvinylpyrrolidone‐coated 100 nm (P100) AgNPs. All four AgNPs significantly affect the ribosome pathway, with stronger binding of large and small subunits. 20 nm and 100 nm AgNPs both affected the biosynthesis and metabolism of several amino acids (including arginine, glycine, serine, threonine, glyoxylic acid, and dicarboxylic acid). P20 and C100 exposure affected bacterial chemotaxis and flagellar motility. This study preliminarily explained the response mechanism of E. coli to AgNPs with different properties, which provided a theoretical basis for predicting the response mechanism of E. coli to metal nanoparticles with similar properties.
Bioequivalence study of low dose drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol 3 mg/0.03 mg film tablets under fasting conditions in Turkish healthy female subjects
Authors: Inal Ahmet , Sezer Zafer , Uluözlü Berna , Oflas Melih , Reinsch Martin , Martin Wolfgang , Mazicioglu Mümtaz M. , Koru Selma Alime 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis bioequivalence research aims to evaluate the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in the test preparation in comparison to the reference preparation during fasting conditions. A liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol in plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters that were analyzed were the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to achieve Cmax (tmax), elimination half life, and area under the concentration time curve of plasma (AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞ for ethinyl estradiol, and AUC0‐72h for drospirenone). Both the AUC and Cmax parameters were determined to be between 80.00% and 125.00% (90% confidence intervals), which is the acceptable range. Based on the study findings, it was concluded that the test formulation, which includes 3 mg of drospirenone and 0.03 mg of ethinyl estradiol, demonstrated bioequivalence when compared to the reference formulation.
Foundation models for bioinformatics
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Wei Lin , Gao Ge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransformer‐based foundation models such as ChatGPTs have revolutionized our daily life and affected many fields including bioinformatics. In this perspective, we first discuss about the direct application of textual foundation models on bioinformatics tasks, focusing on how to make the most out of canonical large language models and mitigate their inherent flaws. Meanwhile, we go through the transformer‐based, bioinformatics‐tailored foundation models for both sequence and non‐sequence data. In particular, we envision the further development directions as well as challenges for bioinformatics foundation models.
Does collaborative governance mediate rural tourism to achieve sustainable territory development? Evidence of stakeholders' perceptions in Colombia
Authors: Valderrama Eliana‐Leonor , Polanco Jorge‐Andrés , Hernandez‐Diaz Paula M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRural tourism as a diversification strategy might contribute to the sustainability of rural territories in developing countries. However, studies of the forms of how stakeholders relates are required to understand the configuration characteristics of the formal and informal dynamics present at a regional level. This paper explains the mediating role of collaborative governance between rural tourism and sustainable territory development in rural areas through quantitative research using structural equation modeling. The scales were validated by surveying members of civil society, the state, and the productive sector in Colombia. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the measurement models. Additionally, they validated the dimensions proposed to determine the mediating role of collaborative governance between rural tourism and sustainable territory development. Finally, this document could contributes to a regional consensus on the role of collaborative governance in developing rural tourism actions that significantly promotes the sustainable development of rural territories.
The smart future for sustainable development: Artificial intelligence solutions for sustainable urbanization
Authors: Al‐Raeei Marwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFuture tools for supporting collaborations between technology and sustainable development include artificial intelligence (AI) applications in sustainable Urbanization roles. This article highlights the various applications of AI in advancing sustainable urbanization. From urban planning to disaster management, AI technology is revolutionizing the way cities are designed and managed. By leveraging data analytics, machine learning, and predictive modeling, AI is helping city officials make informed decisions, optimize resource usage, and improve quality of life for urban residents. Despite the immense potential of AI in sustainable urban development, there are still challenges and limitations to overcome. We show some of the most significant problems related to these issues. These include issues related to data privacy, algorithm bias, and ethical considerations. Continued research and innovation are needed to address these challenges and ensure that AI technology is used responsibly and effectively in shaping sustainable cities. As a result, AI has the power to transform urban environments and create more sustainable, resilient communities. By harnessing the capabilities of AI, cities can become more efficient, environmentally‐friendly, and prepared for the challenges of the future. It is essential for policymakers, urban planners, and technology developers to work together to harness the full potential of AI in sustainable urbanization and create a better future for all. Proactively addressing these challenges can unlock the full potential of AI in combating sustainable cities and building a sustainable future for all.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Quinoxalinone Containing Spiropyrrolidine‐oxindole via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition with Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction in HCT‐116 Cells
Authors: Tsering Dolma , Yodun Tenzen , Slathia Nancy , Singh Shashank , Kapoor Kamal K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA catalyst‐free, one‐pot 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azomethine ylides (generated in situ) and (E)‐3‐styrylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones led to the formation of a series of quinoxalinone containing spiropyrrolidine‐oxindoles. Subsequently, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized derivatives against the panel of Human NCI‐60 cancer cell lines alongside normal cell lines was evaluated using SRB assay. Among all the derivatives, 4 h was found to be the most potent, selective, restrict cell migration and induce apoptosis with elevated ROS levels in HCT‐116. This study emphasizes the potency of the derivatives as promising leads for the further development of potent anti‐cancer agents.
Ex Situ Covalent Functionalization of Germanene via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition: A Promising Approach for the Bandgap Engineering of Group‐14 Xenes
Authors: Giousis Theodosis , Zygouri Panagiota , Karouta Niki , Spyrou Konstantinos , Subrati Mohammed , Moschovas Dimitrios , Stuart Marc C. A. , Hemmatpour Hamoon , Gournis Dimitrios P. , Rudolf Petra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGroup‐14 Xenes beyond graphene such as silicene, germanene, and stanene have recently gained a lot of attention for their peculiar electronic properties, which can be tuned by covalent functionalization. Up until now, reported methods for the top‐down synthesis of covalently functionalized silicene and germanene typically yield multilayered flakes with a minimum thickness of 100 nm. Herein, the ex situ covalent functionalization of germanene (fGe) is reported via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the azomethine ylide generated by the decarboxylative condensation of 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde and sarcosine. Amorphous few‐layered sheets (average thickness of ≈6 nm) of dipolarophile germanene (GeX) are produced by thermal dehydrogenation of its fully saturated parent precursor, germanane (GeH). Spectroscopic evidence confirmed the emergence of the dipolarophilic sp2 domains due to the dehydrogenation of germanane, and their sp3 hybridization due to the covalent functionalization of germanene. Elemental mapping of the functionalized germanene revealed flakes with a very high abundance of carbon uniformly covering the germanium backbone. The 500 meV increase of the optical bandgap of germanene observed upon functionalization paves the way toward bandgap engineering of other group‐14 Xenes, which could potentially be a major turning point in the fields of electronics, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis.