bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APLICAÇÃO DE K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR EM IMAGENS MULTISPECTRAIS PARA A ESTIMATIVA DE PARÂMETROS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Alves Marcos Vinicius Giongo , Chiavetta Ugo , Koehler Henrique Soares , Machado Sebastião do Amaral , Kirchner Flávio Felipe 
Published: August 2014

A gestão dos recursos naturais requer a estimativa de uma série de parâmetros para o apoio da identificação de alternativas mais adequadas para a gestão e manejo das áreas florestais. Em particular, os ecossistemas florestais exigem um complexo e crescente conjunto de informações, e os inventários florestais fornecem informações preciosas, entretanto, espacialmente, de forma não contínua. Muitos trabalhos científicos vêm direcionando esforços para o desenvolvimento de metodologias que relacionam os dados da terra com informações de imagens multiespectrais. A modelagem dessas relações pode estender as estimativas dos dados de inventário florestal em áreas não amostradas. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o desempenho de uma análise não paramétrica, com a utilização do algoritmo K-Nearest Neighbor em imagens SPOT5. Foram avaliados os resultados obtidos na espacialização de atributos florestais em uma área em Molise, na Itália. Entre as diversas metodologias para os cálculos das distâncias espaciais, o uso do método baseado nas distâncias multirregressivas não paramétricas apresentaram os melhores resultados. A densidade e número de espécies levantados em campo apresentaram um coeficiente de correlação de Pearson ρ = 0,58, comparativamente às informações obtidas nas imagens multispectrais, ligeiramente inferior aos obtidos para a área basal e volume, que obtiveram, respectivamente, ρ = 0,62 e 0,71.AbstractApplication of k-nearest neighbor on multispectral images to estimate forest parameters. Natural resources management requires several parameters estimate in order to support the identification of the best alternatives to forest areas management. In particular, forest ecosystems require a complex and increasing set of descriptive information, where forest inventories put up important information, however not in a continuous spatial way. Lately, several scientific researches have been focusing on establishing methodologies to relate data from field to those obtained from multispectral images. Modeling these relations can extend the estimates of forest inventory data to not sampled areas. This research evaluated performance of non-parametric analysis using the K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) on SPOT 5 images. It evaluated the results obtained from the spatialization of some forest attributes in a forest area located at Molise, Italy. Among several methodologies for spatial distance calculations, the use of multiregressive non-parametric distances revealed the best results. Density and number of species on the ground revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.58 as compared to data obtained from multispectral images, lightly lower than the obtained for basal area and volume, which were r = 0.62 and 0.71, respectively.Keywords: Forest inventory; remote sensing; basal area; volume.
Correction of the deviated septum: from ancient Egypt to the endoscopic era
Authors: Aaronson Nicole L. , Vining Eugenia M. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundObstructed nasal breathing can occur due to deviation of the nasal septum. When the external nose appears grossly normal and cosmesis is not the focus, septoplasty has been the procedure used to straighten the septum with the goal of improving nasal airflow. Septoplasty has evolved over time.MethodsA historical literature review was conducted to look for primary source journal articles and medical conferences proccedings addressing the evolution of the septoplasty procedure.ResultsEarly techniques involved forcible fractures and splinting. Submucous resection was the first major advancement in surgical technique. Once the complications resulting from this technique were observed, it was subsequently revised with attempts to better address the caudal septal deviation. Attention was then turned to better incorporating the role surrounding support structures, such as the upper lateral cartilages. The premaxilla‐maxilla approach attempted to address the overall nasal structure to best improve nasal breathing. The advent of endoscopic technique has been the most recent shift in surgical technique with improved visualization allowing for targeted septoplasty and reoperation on complicated cases including pituitary and skull base surgery.ConclusionThis paper discusses the evolution of septoplasty techniques over time from the initial undertakings of the ancient Egyptians to the modern‐day septoplasty. While the principles behind septoplasty have remained much the same, experience has allowed for refinement of surgical technique. No doubt new instrumentations and innovations will further help to tailor the practice of septoplasty to the anatomy and functional needs of each individual patient.
Clinical whole exome sequencing in child neurology practice
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Cohen Julie S. , Vernon Hilary , Barañano Kristin , McClellan Rebecca , Jamal Leila , Naidu SakkuBai , Fatemi Ali 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveWhole exome sequencing (WES) represents a significant breakthrough in clinical genetics as a powerful tool for etiological discovery in neurodevelopmental disorders. To better characterize the genetic landscape of neurodevelopmental disorders, we analyzed patients in our pediatric neurogenetics clinic who underwent WES.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study on 78 patients with various neurodevelopmental disabilities and unrevealing workup prior to WES. We characterized their molecular diagnoses, clinical features, and whether their previous treatment plan changed due to WES results.ResultsThe overall presumptive diagnostic rate for our cohort was 41% (n = 32 of 78 patients). Nineteen patients had a single autosomal dominant (AD) disorder, 11 had a single autosomal recessive (AR) disorder, 1 had an X‐linked dominant disorder, and 1 had both an AD and an AR disorder. The 32 patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants exhibited various neurobehavioral and neuroimaging abnormalities, including intellectual disability/developmental delay (n = 28), cerebral palsy–like encephalopathy (n = 11), autism spectrum disorder (n = 5), delayed/hypomyelination (n = 7), and cerebellar abnormalities (n = 9). The results of WES affected management for all patients with a presumptive diagnosis, triggering reproductive planning (n = 27), disease monitoring initiation (n = 4), investigation of systemic involvement of the disorder(s) (n = 6), alteration of presumed disease inheritance pattern (n = 7), changing of prognosis (n = 10), medication discontinuation (n = 5) or initiation (n = 2), and clinical trial education (n = 3).InterpretationThe high diagnostic yield of WES supports its use in pediatric neurology practices. It may also lead to earlier diagnosis, impacting medical management, prognostication, and family planning. WES therefore serves as a critical tool for the child neurologist. Ann Neurol 2014;76:473–483
Dilational rheological properties of interfacial films containing Branch‐Preformed particle gel and crude oil fractions
Authors: Tang Li , Fang Hong‐Bo , Zong Hua , Zhang Lei , Jin Zhi‐Qiang , Xu Zhi‐Cheng , Zhang Lu , Zhao Sui 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDilational rheology method was used to study the interfacial rheology properties of Branch‐Preformed Particle Gel (PPG) and its interaction with Shengli crude oil fractions at the kerosene/water interface. The results showed that the interfacial dilational modulus increased monotonously with increasing PPG concentration, the high values of the modulus could be due to the formation of multilayer near the interface. Study on the interaction between PPG and crude oil components showed that different crude oil components have different interactions with PPG molecules at the oil/water interface. The acidic components can adsorb onto the interface and form mixed adsorption film by replacing the PPG molecules at the interface because of their smaller molecular size and stronger interfacial activity, which results in a dramatic reduction in dilational modulus, while asphaltenes have little effect on the dilational rheological behavior of PPG solution due to their lager molecular sizes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41337.
Evaluation and Optimization of a Novel Immobilized Photoreactor for the Degradation of Gaseous Toluene
Authors: Jafarikojour Morteza , Sohrabi Morteza , Royaee Sayed Javid , Hassanvand Armineh 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of toluene was studied in a newly designed continuous photoreactor. In this unit, TiO2 was immobilized on two different shapes of stainless steel disks. Twenty‐eight disks coated with catalyst were placed alternately in the photoreactor in order to have a zigzag pattern in the gas flow along the reactor length. The structural properties of the coatings were examined using materials characterization techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope. The XRD results revealed that the intensity of the peak related to the anatase phase increases with increasing the number of coatings from two to six. The response surface methodology was applied to model and optimize the photocatalytic degradation of toluene. The Box–Behnken design was employed to analyze the simultaneous effects of toluene inlet concentration (20–100 ppm), relative humidity (10–50%), flow rate of gas feed (100–500 mL/min), and TiO2 loading (two to six times coating or catalyst loading of 0.274–0.924 g/m2). The maximum predicted conversion of toluene was 61.11% at the optimum processing condition (relative humidity of 32%, catalyst loading of 0.924 g/m2, flow rate of 100 mL/min of gas feed, and initial toluene concentration of 20 ppm). The experimental conversion of toluene was 60% at the optimum conditions.
Changes in pollinator fauna affect altitudinal variation of floral size in a bumblebee‐pollinated herb
Authors: Nagano Yusuke , Abe Kota , Kitazawa Tomoaki , Hattori Mitsuru , Hirao Akira S. , Itino Takao 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGeographic trait variations are often caused by locally different selection regimes. As a steep environmental cline along altitude strongly influences adaptive traits, mountain ecosystems are ideal for exploring adaptive differentiation over short distances. We investigated altitudinal floral size variation ofCampanula punctatavar.hondoensisin 12 populations in three mountain regions of centralJapan to test whether the altitudinal floral size variation was correlated with the size of the local bumblebee pollinator and to assess whether floral size was selected for by pollinator size. We found apparent geographic variations in pollinator assemblages along altitude, which consequently produced a geographic change in pollinator size. Similarly, we found altitudinal changes in floral size, which proved to be correlated with the local pollinator size, but not with altitude itself. Furthermore, pollen removal from flower styles onto bees (plant's male fitness) was strongly influenced by the size match between flower style length and pollinator mouthpart length. These results strongly suggest thatC. punctatafloral size is under pollinator‐mediated selection and that a geographic mosaic of locally adaptedC. punctataexists at fine spatial scale.
Performance evaluation of bluetooth low energy in indoor positioning systems
Authors: Contreras David , Castro Mario , de la Torre David Sánchez 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLocal positioning systems (LPS) are attracting much attention, both commercially and scientifically, as they represent a natural extension of global positioning systems to indoor scenarios. Amongst all the viable wireless technologies used in this context, WiFi and Bluetooth are the most widely extended. These technologies are also chosen for their simplicity, low cost and integration into mobile devices. The appearance of the new Bluetooth specification, named Bluetooth low energy (BLE), and the emergence of new popular devices that incorporate it, opens the door to new LPS wireless solutions based on BLE. Here, we evaluate the viability of BLE for indoor positioning scenarios. In addition, we develop a framework to analyse, understand and help migrate previous LPS systems, based on other technologies, to BLE. We show experimentally that, with proper configuration of the BLE devices, great performance can be obtained in terms of discovery time and energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structure of the gas bladder of the spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus
Authors: Icardo José M. , Colvee Elvira , Lauriano Eugenia R. , Capillo Gioele , Guerrera Maria C. , Zaccone Giacomo 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe report here on the macroscopic, light microscopic, and electron microscopic structure of the gas bladder (GB) of the spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus. The GB opens into the pharynx, dorsal to the opening of the oesophagus, through a longitudinal slit bordered by two glottal ridges. Caudal to the ridges, the GB is an elongated sac divided into a central duct and right and left lobes. The lobes are formed by a cranio‐caudal sequence of large air spaces that open into the central duct. The structure of the GB is that of a membranous sac supported by a system of septa arising from the walls of a central duct. The septa contain variable amounts of striated and smooth muscle might function to maintain the bladder shape and in providing contractile capabilities. The presence of muscle cells, nerves, and neuroepithelial cells in the wall of the GB strongly suggests that GB function is tightly regulated. The central duct and the apical surface of the thickest septa are covered by mucociliated epithelium. Most of the rest of the inner bladder surface is covered by a respiratory epithelium which contains goblet cells and a single type of pneumocyte. These two cell types produce surfactant. The respiratory barrier contains thick areas with fibrillar material and cell prolongations, and thin areas that only contain basement membrane material between the capillary wall and the respiratory epithelium. Lungs and GBs share many anatomical and histological features. There appears to be no clear criterion for structural distinction between these two types of respiratory organs. J. Morphol. 276:90–101, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The efficacy of steroids for edema and ecchymosis after Rhinoplasty: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hwang Se H. , Lee Joo H. , Kim Byung G. , Kim Soo W. , Kang Jun M. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesPostoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty can result in dissatisfaction for both the surgeon and the patient. The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of steroids on edema and ecchymosis during rhinoplasty.Data SourcesMEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane database.Review MethodsTwo authors independently searched the databases from their inception of article collection to February 2014. Studies comparing perioperative steroid administration (steroid group) with no treatment (control group) where the outcomes of interest were edema and ecchymosis on postoperative days were included in the analysis. Overall, a total of nine trials met the inclusion criteria of this study, with a total sample size of 312 patients.ResultsThe lower and upper eyelid edema during the 7 days postoperatively was statistically decreased in the steroid group versus control group. The lower and upper eyelid ecchymosis in the steroid group was significantly decreased in comparison to the control group for the first 4 days follow surgery. Regarding the outcome comparison between single‐dose and multiple‐dose administration of steroids, the multiple‐dose administration decreased edema and ecchymosis significantly compared to single‐dose administration after the fourth day.ConclusionsPerioperative administration of steroid during rhinoplasty could reduce the level of edema and eyelid ecchymosis. Multiple‐dose administration of steroids has more advantages in terms of the outcomes of late postoperative edema and ecchymosis compared to a single‐dose regimen.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:92–98, 2015
Results of a randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, multicenter study of mirabegron, a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, in patients with overactive bladder in Asia
Authors: Kuo Hann‐Chorng , Lee Kyu‐Sung , Na Yanqun , Sood Rajeev , Nakaji Shigeru , Kubota Yosuke , Kuroishi Kentarou 
Published: August 2014

AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of mirabegron 50 mg once daily compared with placebo and the active control, tolterodine extended‐release (ER) 4 mg once daily, in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) in Taiwan, Korea, China, and India.MethodsA 12‐week multinational, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group placebo‐ and active‐controlled trial. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to final visit in mean number of micturitions/24 hr. Secondary endpoints were: mean number of urgency episodes, incontinence episodes and urge incontinence episodes/24 hr, mean number of nocturia episodes per night, mean volume voided per micturition, and quality‐of‐life (QoL) scores as assessed by the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ).ResultsOf 1,126 patients who were randomized to receive double‐blind study drug, 921 patients (300, 311, and 310 in the placebo, mirabegron 50 mg, and tolterodine ER 4 mg groups, respectively) completed the treatment period. Demographic characteristics were similar across treatment groups. A statistically significant improvement versus placebo in mean number of micturitions/24 hr was seen with mirabegron 50 mg at all timepoints (P < 0.05) as well as final visit (−0.57 with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] of [−1.04, −0.09], P = 0.019). There was no significant difference between treatment groups in improvement from baseline to final visit in any of the secondary outcome measures except volume voided per micturition. The overall incidence of drug‐related adverse events was 17.2%, 15.8%, and 21.3%, in the placebo, mirabegron 50 mg, and tolterodine ER 4 mg groups, respectively.ConclusionsMirabegron 50 mg once daily for 12 weeks was superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of micturitions in patients with symptoms of OAB in Taiwan, Korea, China, and India. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:???–???, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in extraosseous Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Biswas Bivas , Shukla N.K. , Deo S.V.S. , Agarwala Sandeep , Sharma D.N. , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundData on extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES) with uniform chemotherapy protocol are minimal. We aimed to examine this aspect in our patients, identify prognostic factors and compare the same with osseous Ewing sarcoma.ProceduresA single institutional data review of patients with EES treated between June 2003 and November 2011 with uniform chemotherapy and evaluated on intent‐to‐treat analysis was done.ResultsOf 374 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 60 (16%) were EES with median age 16 years; 20 (33%) had metastases. After median follow‐up of 25 months (range: 1.7–104.4), 5‐year event free survival (EFS), OS, and local‐control‐rate were 47.1 ± 7.9%, 61.6 ± 7.8%, and 77.9 ± 8.6%, respectively for entire EES cohort. In multivariate analysis, hemoglobin ≤10 g/dl (P = 0.03), and white blood cell count (WBC) >11 × 109/L (P = 0.009) predicted inferior EFS for the entire EES cohort. Low hemoglobin (P = 0.05) and high LDH (P = 0.01) predicted inferior OS for the entire EES cohort on multivariate analysis. As compared to the cohort of skeletal primary (n = 314), higher proportion of patients underwent surgery in the cohort of EES (P = 0.003); EFS (P = 0.004) and OS (P = 0.08) were superior for patients with EES than patients with skeletal Ewing sarcoma.ConclusionThese data of EES suggests that low hemoglobin and high WBC count adversely affect EFS. Overall outcome was significantly better for EES than skeletal primary tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1925–1931. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early diagnosis of Gaucher disease in pediatric patients: Proposal for a diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Di Rocco Maja , Andria Generoso , Deodato Federica , Giona Fiorina , Micalizzi Concetta , Pession Andrea 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is caused by an enzyme deficiency that leads to the accumulation of glycolipids in various organs. Although the signs and symptoms of GD emerge in childhood in the majority of patients, the disease often remains unrecognized for many years with delay of benefits of therapy or development of irreversible complications. Based on published data and data from the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Registry, an algorithm has been drafted for early diagnosis of GD in pediatric patients. It will help hematologists in promoting a timely diagnosis and early access to therapy for pediatric patients with GD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1905–1909. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High prevalence of early hypothalamic‐pituitary damage in childhood brain tumor survivors: Need for standardized follow‐up programs
Authors: Clement Sarah C. , Meeteren Antoinette Y.N. Schouten‐van , Kremer Leontien C.M. , van Trotsenburg A.S. Paul , Caron Huib N. , van Santen Hanneke M. 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionChildhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS) are at increased risk to develop endocrine disorders. Alerted by two cases who experienced delay in diagnosis of endocrine deficiencies within the first 5 years after brain tumor diagnosis, our aim was to investigate the current screening strategy and the prevalence of endocrine disorders in survivors of a childhood brain tumor outside of the hypothalamic‐pituitary region, within the first 5 years after diagnosis.ProceduresFirstly, we performed a retrospective study of 47 CBTS treated in our center, diagnosed between 2008 and 2012. Secondly, the literature was reviewed for the prevalence of endocrine disorders in CBTS within the first 5 years after diagnosis.ResultsOf 47 CBTS eligible for evaluation, in 34% no endocrine parameters had been documented at all during follow up. In the other 66%, endocrine parameters had been inconsistently checked, with different parameters at different time intervals. In 19% of patients an endocrine disorder was found. At literature review 22 studies were identified. The most common reported endocrine disorder within the first 5 years after diagnosis was growth hormone deficiency (13–100%), followed by primary gonadal dysfunction (0–91%) central hypothyroidism (0–67%) and primary/subclinical hypothyroidism (range 0–64%).ConclusionEndocrine disorders are frequently seen within the first 5 years after diagnosis of a childhood brain tumor outside of the hypothalamic‐pituitary region. Inconsistent endocrine follow up leads to unnecessary delay in diagnosis and treatment. Endocrine care for this specific population should be improved and standardized. Therefore, high‐quality studies and evidence based guidelines are warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2285–2289. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.