bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Misfits”: Genesis of a Non-Darwinian Myth
Authors: Kohler Florent 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper studies the concept of “hominisation” in terms of the dialectic between rupture and continuity. To this effect, it takes into account a number of scholarly approaches belonging to dif-ferent disciplines (neurobiology, ethnology, linguistics). Through these discourse, the author shows how the concept of hominisation escapes the Darwinian narrative, and belongs rather to a mythological dimension. As such, it plays a role in the process of building a specifically human identity, as opposed to an animal one.
Preoperative Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio and Saphenous Vein Graft Patency After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Taşoğlu İrfan , Turak Osman , Nazli Yunus , Özcan Fırat , Colak Necmettin , Sahin Serpil , Kavasoglu Kemal , Genc Bahadır , Sert Doğan , Karahan Mehmet , Cicek Omer , Ecevit Ata 
Published: April 2013

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in postoperative saphenous vein graft patency in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 444 patients who had undergone CABG and a further control coronary angiography due to recurrence of symptoms. The patients were divided into tertile groups according to the NLR. The primary end point was 50% saphenous vein graft stenosis or more or complete occlusion. Result: The saphenous vein graft failure in the 3 groups based on NLR was 33%, 66.2%, and 79.1%, in the low-, middle- and high-risk groups, respectively. In multivariate regression modeling, current smoker, diabetes mellitus, target artery diameter <1.5 mm, and NLR independently predicted saphenous vein graft patency in patients after CABG. Conclusion: Preoperative NLR is clearly an independent predictor of saphenous vein graft patency in patients after CABG.
‘Initial Clinical Experience' articles are poorly cited and negatively affect the impact factor of the publishing journal: a review
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed T , Rezek Issa , Mcdonald Jennifer S , Kallmes David F 
Published: April 2013

Objectives The phrase ‘Initial Clinical Experience' in a manuscript's title implies that the described technique offers promise of future clinical relevance. We assessed, using rates of subsequent citations, the actual academic relevance of such articles in comparison to articles not containing the phrase. Design We searched ISI database for articles that included the studied phrase in their titles between 1975 and 2009 and grouped the results by the related medical specialty. We excluded articles from journals with no available impact factor. For each identified article, we extracted number of included patients, citations/year, the average impact factor of the publishing journal over the last five years and the proportion of articles published in the same journal that garnered zero subsequent citations. Setting Retrospective review of a scientific database. Participants None Main outcome measures Citation rate Results Among a total of 982,127 articles published in 186 journals representing eight major publishing medical specialties, 531 (0.05%) were Initial Clinical Experience articles. Thirty percent of Initial Clinical Experience articles were never cited compared with 7% of the overall article volume ( p < 0.0001). Citations/year for Initial Clinical Experience articles were significantly lower than the median impact factor ( p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between citations and number of patients described in the Initial Clinical Experience articles ( p = 0.61). Conclusions Initial Clinical Experience articles are cited less frequently than the average, especially in Cardiovascular, Radiology and Ophthalmology journals.
Treetrimmer: a method for phylogenetic dataset size reduction
Authors: Maruyama Shinichiro , Eveleigh Robert JM , Archibald John M 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
With rapid advances in genome sequencing and bioinformatics, it is now possible to generate phylogenetic trees containing thousands of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from a wide range of organisms. However, use of rigorous tree-building methods on such large datasets is prohibitive and manual ‘pruning’ of sequence alignments is time consuming and raises concerns over reproducibility. There is a need for bioinformatic tools with which to objectively carry out such pruning procedures.

Findings
Here we present ‘TreeTrimmer’, a bioinformatics procedure that removes unnecessary redundancy in large phylogenetic datasets, alleviating the size effect on more rigorous downstream analyses. The method identifies and removes user-defined ‘redundant’ sequences, e.g., orthologous sequences from closely related organisms and ‘recently’ evolved lineage-specific paralogs. Representative OTUs are retained for more rigorous re-analysis.

Conclusions
TreeTrimmer reduces the OTU density of phylogenetic trees without sacrificing taxonomic diversity while retaining the original tree topology, thereby speeding up downstream computer-intensive analyses, e.g., Bayesian and maximum likelihood tree reconstructions, in a reproducible fashion.
No evidence for PALB2 methylation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Mikeska Thomas , Alsop Kathryn ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Mitchell Gillian , Bowtell David DL , Dobrovic Alexander 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
High-grade serous ovarian cancers are a distinct histological subtype of ovarian cancer often characterised by a dysfunctional BRCA/Fanconi anaemia (BRCA/FA) pathway, which is critical to the homologous recombination DNA repair machinery. An impaired BRCA/FA pathway sensitises tumours to the treatment with DNA cross-linking agents and to PARP inhibitors. The vast majority of inactivating mutations in the BRCA/FA pathway are in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and occur predominantly in high-grade serous cancer. Another member of the BRCA/FA pathway, PALB2 (FANCN), was reported to have been inactivated by DNA methylation in some sporadic ovarian cancers. We therefore sought to investigate the role of PALB2 methylation in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

Finding

PALB2 methylation was investigated in 92 high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis. DNA methylation of PALB2 was not detected in any of the ovarian cancer samples investigated.

Conclusion
Epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation of PALB2 is not a common event in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.
Novel muscle and connective tissue design enables high extensibility and controls engulfment volume in lunge-feeding rorqual whales
Authors: Shadwick Robert E. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Potvin Jean , Pyenson Nicholas D. , Vogl Wayne 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Muscle serves a wide variety of mechanical functions during animal feeding and locomotion, but the performance of this tissue is limited by how far it can be extended. In rorqual whales, feeding and locomotion are integrated in a dynamic process called lunge-feeding where an enormous volume of prey-laden water is engulfed into a capacious ventral oropharyngeal cavity that is bounded superficially by skeletal muscle and ventral grooved blubber (VGB). The great expansion of the cavity wall presents a mechanical challenge for the physiological limits of skeletal muscle, yet its role is considered fundamental in controlling the flux of water into the mouth. Our analyses of the functional properties and mechanical behavior of VGB muscles revealed a crimped microstructure in an unstrained, non-feeding state that is arranged in parallel with dense and straight elastin fibers. This allows the muscles to accommodate large tissue deformations of the VGB yet still operate within the known strain limits of vertebrate skeletal muscle. VGB transverse strains in routine-feeding rorquals were substantially less than those observed in dead ones, where decomposition gas stretched the VGB to its elastic limit, evidence supporting the idea that eccentric muscle contraction modulates the rate of expansion and ultimate size of the ventral cavity during engulfment.
Retrospective analysis of outcome of women with breast or gynaecological cancer in the intensive care unit
Authors: Ostermann Marlies , Raimundo Mario , Williams Anna , Whiteley Craig , Beale Richard 
Published: April 2013

Summary Objectives Advances in oncological care have led to improved short and long-term outcomes of female patients with breast and gynecological cancer but little is known about their prognosis when admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Our aim was to describe the epidemiology of patients with women's cancer in ICU. Design Retrospective analysis of data of patients with breast and gynecological cancer in ICU between February 2004 and July 2008. Setting ICU in a tertiary referral centre in London. Participants Nineteen critically ill women with breast or gynaecological cancer. Main outcome measures ICU and six-month outcome. Results Eleven women had breast cancer and eight patients had gynaecological cancer. Twelve patients were known to have metastatic disease. The main reasons for admission to ICU were sepsis (94.7%), respiratory failure (36.8%) and need for vasoactive support (26.3%). ICU mortality was 31.6%. There was no difference in age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on admission to ICU between ICU survivors and non-survivors. During their stay in ICU, non-survivors had significantly more organ failure. Six-month mortality was 68.4%. Four patients had >1 admission to ICU. Conclusions ICU outcome of critically ill women with breast or gynaecological cancer was similar to that of other non-cancer patient cohorts but six-month mortality was significantly higher. The decision to admit patients with women's cancer to the ICU should depend on the severity of the acute illness rather than factors related to the underlying malignancy. More research is needed to explore the outcome of patients with women's cancer after discharge from ICU.
Views on the nature of chronic fatigue syndrome: content analysis
Authors: Hossenbaccus Zahra , White Peter D 
Published: April 2013

Summary Objectives Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), has provoked much controversy and led to arguments between the medical profession and patient organizations. A particular focus for debate is the categorization of the condition as physical or psychological in its nature. The aim of this study was to compare how the written media, patient organizations and medical authorities regard the illness. Design Content analysis of newspaper articles, ME patient organization websites, and medical websites and textbooks were assessed by two independent assessors. Setting Three national UK newspapers, UK ME websites, and UK medical websites and textbooks, were accessed during 2010. Participants 146 source files were scored from 36 patients’ organizations, 72 media articles and 38 medical authorities. Main outcome measured The overall opinion of an article or website was rated using a five point Likert scale, from ‘extremely psychological’ (scored as 1), ‘moderately psychological’ (2), ‘both psychological and physical’ (3), ‘moderately physical’ (4) or ‘extremely physical’ (5). Results Eighty-nine percent (32 of 36) of ME patient organizations considered the illness to be physical, compared with 58% (42/72) of newspaper articles, and 24% (9/38) of medical authorities. Sixty-three percent (24/38) of medical authorities regarded the illness as both physical and psychological. The inter-group differences of the Likert scores were statistically significant ($cH 2 = 27.37, 2 df, P < 0.001). Conclusion The considerable disagreement, particularly between ME patient organizations and medical authorities, may help to explain the gulf in understanding between doctors and patients and the consequent reluctance of some patients to engage in behavioural treatments.
Fracture behavior of heat treated liquid crystalline polymers
Authors: Reyes-Mayer A. , Alvarado-Tenorio B , Romo-Uribe A , Flores O , Campillo B , Jaffe M 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThermotropic polymers are thermally treated in air at temperatures Ta, where ΔT =Ta- Ts→n=40°C, and Ts→n is the solid-to-nematic transition. Samples are extruded thin films of a series of thermotropic random copolyesters termed B-N, COTBP and RD1000. The thermal treatment produces a second endotherm without changing Ts→n for B-N and RD1000. However, for COTBP Ts→n is significantly increased. Regardless of the complex thermal behavior exhibited by the thermotropes, the thermal treatment produces a significant increase in Young's modulus, more than 30% for B-N and over 100% for COTBP. The increase in mechanical modulus is correlated with a thermally-induced fiber-like morphology.
American Society of Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire 2012
Authors: Palmer Biff F. , Glassock Richard J. , Bleyer Anthony J. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Presentation of the Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire has become an annual tradition at the meetings of the American Society of Nephrology. It is a very popular session judged by consistently large attendance. Members of the audience test their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by experts. They can also compare their answers in real time, using audience response devices, with the answers of program directors of nephrology training programs in the United States acquired through an Internet-based questionnaire. Topics presented here include fluid and electrolyte disorders, transplantation, and ESRD and dialysis. Cases representing each of these categories along with single best answer questions were prepared by a panel of experts (B.F.P. and Drs. Fervenza, Brennan, and Mehrotra, respectively). The correct and incorrect answers then were briefly discussed after the audience responses, and the results of the questionnaire were displayed. This article tries to recapitulate the session and reproduce its educational value for a larger audience—the readers of CJASN.
Psychometric Properties and Practicability of the Self-Report Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire in Patients With Pelvic-Floor Dysfunction Seeking Outpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Ying-Chih , Hart Dennis L. , Deutscher Daniel , Yen Sheng-Che , Mioduski Jerome E. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundPelvic-floor dysfunction (PFD) affects a substantial proportion of individuals, mostly women. In responding to the demands in measuring PFD outcomes in outpatient rehabilitation, the Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire (UIQ) was developed by FOTO in collaboration with an experienced physical therapist who has a specialty in treating patients with PFD.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties and practicability of the 21-item UIQ in patients seeking outpatient physical therapy services due to PFD.DesignThis was a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from 1,628 patients (mean age=53 years, SD=16, range=18–91) being treated for their PFD in 91 outpatient physical therapy clinics in 24 states (United States).MethodsUsing a 2-parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) procedure and the graded response model, the UIQ was assessed for unidimensionality and local independence, differential item functioning (DIF), discriminating ability, item hierarchical structure, and test precision.ResultsFour items were dropped to improve unidimensionality and discriminating ability. Remaining UIQ items met IRT assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence. One item was adjusted for DIF by age group. Item difficulties were suitable for patients with PFD with no ceiling or floor effect. Item difficulty parameters ranged from −2.20 to 0.39 logits. Endorsed items representing highest difficulty levels were related to control urine flow, impact of leaking urine on life, and confidence to control the urine leakage problem. Item discrimination parameters ranged from 0.48 to 1.18. Items with higher discriminating abilities were those related to impact on life of leaking urine, confidence to control the urine leakage problem, and the number of protective garments for urine leakage.LimitationsBecause this study was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data, missing data might have influenced our results.ConclusionsPreliminary analyses supported sound psychometric properties of the UIQ items and their initial use for patients with PFD in outpatient physical therapy services.
Revenue and Expenditure Nexus: A Case Study of ECOWAS
Authors: Magazzino Cosimo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper aims to assess the relationship among fiscal variables (government revenue and expenditure) in Sub-Saharan African countries. Using yearly data for the period between 1980 and 2011 in fifteen ECOWAS countries, a weak long-run relationship between government expenditure and revenue emerge, but only in the case of WAMZ countries. Granger causality analysis show mixed results for WAEMU countries, while for four out of six WAMZ countries (Gambia, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone) the “tax-and-spend” hypothesis holds, since government revenue would drive the expenditure.
Trends in immediate breast reconstruction across insurance groups after enactment of breast cancer legislation
Authors: Yang Rachel L. , Newman Andrew S. , Lin Ines C. , Reinke Caroline E. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Czerniecki Brian J. , Wu Liza C. , Kelz Rachel R. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDTo improve access to breast reconstruction for mastectomy patients, the United States enacted the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act in January of 1999. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of this legislation on patients with different insurance plans.METHODSWomen aged ≥18 years who underwent mastectomy for cancer were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2000‐2009) and were classified according to their immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) status. Trends in rates of IBR were described for each insurance category. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, race, estimated household income, and Elixhauser comorbidity index was performed to evaluate the relation between insurance status and IBR.RESULTSIn total, 168,236 patients were identified who underwent a mastectomy during the study interval. Across the 10‐year study period, rates of IBR increased 4.2‐fold in Medicaid patients, 2.9‐fold in Medicare patients, 2.6‐fold in privately insured patients, and 2.1‐fold in self‐pay patients (P < .01). However, after adjustment for confounders, women without private insurance were less likely to undergo IBR compared with women who had private insurance (Medicaid: odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32‐0.37; Medicare: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.49‐0.58; self‐pay: OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.50; other types of nonprivate insurance: OR, 0.64, 95% CI, 0.56‐0.73).CONCLUSIONSAfter the enactment of policy designed to improve access to IBR, Medicaid and Medicare patients experienced the greatest relative increase in rates of IBR. Although policy changes had the most impact on traditionally underserved populations, disparities still exist. Future studies should endeavor to understand why such disparities have persisted. Cancer 2013;119:2462‐2468. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Theoretical Study of the Inversion Motion of the Ammonia Cation with Subfemtosecond Resolution for High‐Harmonic Spectroscopy
Authors: Förster Johann , Saenz Alejandro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn a recent PACER (Probing Attosecond dynamics with Chirp‐Encoded Recollisions) experiment on ammonia that comprises a comparison of the high‐harmonic spectra of the isotopes NH3 and ND3, the nuclear dynamics of the created ammonia cation is traced with a time resolution of about 100 attoseconds. For modelling the experiment the autocorrelation functions between the neutral initial state and the ionic wave packet are extracted from experimental photoelectron spectra incorporating a correction for the geometry‐dependent strong‐field ionisation probability. Good agreement is found between model and experiment, but in addition an unexpected maximum in the autocorrelation ratio is predicted by the model, however occurring at 5 fs and thus outside the experimentally covered time interval. In this work the autocorrelation functions are calculated explicitly using a one‐dimensional model for describing the inversion motion of ammonia and its cation, adopting a position‐dependent mass for considering the coupling with the stretching mode of the hydrogen atoms in neutral ammonia. This results in a clear physical picture explaining the occurrence of the previously predicted maximum in the ratio of the autocorrelation functions. Furthermore, different initial states and two different ways of incorporating strong‐field corrections to the Franck–Condon approximation are briefly discussed.
Neufassung von DIN 4108‐2 – Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz mit Konstruktionen aus Kalksandstein
Authors: Fux Volker , Schäfers Martin , Pekrul Olga 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDie Neuausgabe von DIN 4108‐2 “Wärmeschutz und Energie‐Einsparung in Gebäuden – Teil 2: Mindestanforderungen an den Wärmeschutz“ berücksichtigt neue Klimadatensätze des Deutschen Wetterdienstes sowie eine Karte mit neuen Sommerklimaregionen, die aus diesen geänderten klimatischen Randbedingungen resultiert. Darüber hinaus ist das vereinfachte Nachweisverfahren zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz überarbeitet worden. Die bisherige Anforderungsgröße Übertemperaturstunden wurde durch die neue Anforderungsgröße Übertemperaturgradstunden ersetzt. Ziel der Überarbeitung ist eine bessere Abbildung der Realität durch das Prognose‐Verfahren.Anhand der Betrachtung zweier Beispielräume wird der Einfluss der Wärmespeicherkapazität der raumbegrenzenden Bauteile untersucht. Hierzu werden sowohl das vereinfachte Sonneneintragskennwert‐Verfahren als auch dynamisch‐thermische Simulationsrechnungen herangezogen.Revised DIN 4108‐2 – Heat protection in summer with Calcium Silicate constructions. The revised Standard DIN 4108‐2 “Thermal protection and energy economy in buildings – Part 2: Minimum requirements to thermal insulation” considers new climate data from the German Weather Service as well as a map with modified summer climate regions which follow from the changed climatic conditions. Furthermore the simplified analysis method concerning summer overheating has been subject to a basic revision. The previous requirement indicator “Overheating‐hours” was replaced by the new indicator “Overheating‐degree‐hours”. Ambition of the revision of the standard is an enhanced prediction accurateness of the prognosis method.On the basis of two exemplarily analyzed room situations, the influence of the heat storage capacity of the room surrounding constructions is examined. For this the simplified “sun‐transmittance‐characteristic‐value‐method” is used as well as dynamic‐thermal‐ simulation computations.