bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin attenuates scopolamine‐induced cognitive dysfunction through SIRT1/IRE1α/XBP1 pathway
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Qi , Huang Shun , Zheng Jia‐Yi , Wan Can , Hu Tian , Cai Ye‐Feng , Wang Qi , Zhang Shi‐Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of dementia around the world is increasing, and these patients are more likely to have cognitive impairments, mood and anxiety disorders (depression, anxiety, and panic disorder), and attention deficit disorders over their lifetime. Previous studies have proven that melatonin could improve memory loss, but its specific mechanism is still confused.MethodsIn this study, we used in vivo and in vitro models to examine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on scopolamine (SCOP)‐induced cognitive dysfunction. The behavioral tests were performed. 18F‐FDG PET imaging was used to assess the metabolism of the brain. Protein expressions were determined through kit detection, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Nissl staining was conducted to reflect neurodegeneration. MTT assay and RNAi transfection were applied to perform the in vitro experiments.ResultsWe found that melatonin could ameliorate SCOP‐induced cognitive dysfunction and relieve anxious‐like behaviors or HT22 cell damage. 18F‐FDG PET‐CT results showed that melatonin could improve cerebral glucose uptake in SCOP‐treated mice. Melatonin restored the cholinergic function, increased the expressions of neurotrophic factors, and ameliorated oxidative stress in the brain of SCOP‐treated mice. In addition, melatonin upregulated the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), which further relieved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by decreasing the expression of phosphorylate inositol‐requiring enzyme (p‐IRE1α) and its downstream, X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1).ConclusionsThese results indicated that melatonin could ameliorate SCOP‐induced cognitive dysfunction through the SIRT1/IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. SIRT1 might be the critical target of melatonin in the treatment of dementia.
Undetected and undiagnosed comorbidity in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery—Results from the Berlin Bariatric Cohort study
Authors: Pommer Wolfgang , Krautschneider Hendrik , Kuhlmann Susanne D. , Koplin Gerold , Susewind Martin , Tsuprykov Oleg 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe quality of general obesity management before bariatric surgery (BS) is rarely investigated. Inadequate information regarding undetected and undiagnosed comorbidities (UUCs) in individuals with obesity may influence the penetration, risks, and outcomes of BS. We conducted a cohort study involving a pre‐specified medical check‐up in a cooperation between a BS department and an outpatient medical centre. A total of 1068 patients (74.4% women) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 42.1 years (standard deviation [SD] 11.9) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 46.1 (SD 6.91). The onset of obesity occurred in 11.4% of patients during childhood, 47.2% during schooltime/adolescence, 41.4% in adulthood. Gender differences were observed: men had higher BMI, systolic blood pressure, and impaired metabolic state (including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver disease with p‐values <.001 for all). Women had lower haemoglobin levels, impaired iron status, lower albumin levels (p < .001), and increased C‐reactive protein levels (p < .05). The prevalence of UUC conditions (percentage of cases) was as follows: arterial hypertension, 53%; decreased cystatin C clearance, 57%; dyslipidemia, 41%; fatty liver, 40%; iron deficiency, 37%; diabetes mellitus, 34%; vitamin D deficiency, 32%; chronic pain syndrome, 23%; liver fibrosis, 12%; obstructive sleep apnea, 10%; and vitamin deficiencies (vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin K1) <10%. Undiagnosed hypertension was more prevalent in younger women, and nutritional deficits were associated with high BMI in both genders. Older age and high BMI were associated with undiagnosed diabetes and decreased glomerular filtration rate in both genders, and with liver fibrosis in men. UUC are highly prevalent in individuals undergoing BS. A refined assessment is recommended to improve health conditions and outcome in these candidates.
Expedited liver transplantation as first‐line therapy for severe alcohol hepatitis: ELFSAH; deferring corticosteroids in the sickest subset of patients
Authors: Mohy‐ud‐din Nabeeha , Lin Fei‐Pi , Rachakonda Vikrant , Al‐Khafaji Ali , Biggins Scott W. , Ganesh Swaytha , Bataller Ramon , DiMartini Andrea , Hughes Christopher , Humar Abhinav , Malik Shahid M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground & aimsSevere alcohol‐associated hepatitis (SAH) represents a lethal subset of alcohol‐associated liver disease. Although corticosteroids are recommended by guidelines, their efficacy and safety remain questionable and so liver transplantation (LT) has been increasingly utilized. The timing and indication of corticosteroid use, specifically in patients being considered for LT requires further clarification.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 256 patients with SAH between 2018 and 2022 at a single US center.ResultsTwenty of these patients underwent LT. Of the 256 patients, 38% had what we termed “catastrophic” SAH, defined as a MELD‐Na ≥35 and/or discriminant function (DF) ≥100, which carried a mortality of 90% without LT. Compared with 100 matched controls, patients undergoing LT exhibited a one‐year survival rate of 100% versus 35% (p < .0005). LT provided an absolute risk reduction of 65%, with a number needed to treat of 1.5. Steroid utilization in the entire cohort was 19% with 60% developing severe complications. Patients administered steroids were younger with lower MELD and DF scores. Only 10% of those prescribed steroids derived a favorable response. Sustained alcohol use post‐LT was 20%.ConclusionsWe propose ELFSAH: Expedited LT as First Line Therapy for SAH; challenging the current paradigm with recommendations to defer steroids in patients with “catastrophic” SAH (defined as: MELD‐Na ≥35 and/or DF ≥100). Patients should be seen urgently by hepatology, transplant surgery, psychiatry and social work. Patients without an absolute contraindication should be referred for LT as first‐line therapy during their index admission.
Comparing Functional Frailty and Radiographic Sarcopenia as Predictors of Outcomes After Liver Transplant
Authors: Olson Sydney L. , Polineni Praneet , Schwartz William Alexander Henry , Thuluvath Avesh J. , Duarte‐Rojo Andres , Ladner Daniela P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionFrailty and sarcopenia are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality in patients with end‐stage liver disease. The ability to identify frail patients at risk of adverse outcomes could help optimize liver transplant (LT) evaluations and pre‐transplant care. This study compared sarcopenia, via L3‐psoas muscle index (L3‐PMI), to frailty, via liver frailty index (LFI) and analyzed associated outcomes after liver transplantation (LT).MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive LT‐recipients with cross‐sectional abdominal/pelvic imaging were reviewed over 5 years at a single transplant center.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐six patients underwent transplant during this study interval; 31% of patients were sarcopenic. Two hundred eight patients underwent LFI evaluation: 25% were frail, 59% were prefrail, and 16% were robust. Sarcopenic patients had higher LFI scores indicating greater frailty (p = 0.02). Both sarcopenia and LFI‐frailty were associated with significantly higher MELD‐Na scores. Length of post‐LT hospital stay was increased in sarcopenic (mean 14 vs. nonsarcopenic 11 days, p = 0.02) and LFI‐frail patients (mean 13 vs. 10 prefrail, 8 robust, p = 0.04). As a categorical variable, neither LFI‐frailty nor sarcopenia were significantly associated with reduced survival at 1‐year (robust 100%, prefrail 93.5%, frail 91.1%, p = 0.31) (nonsarcopenic 94.4%, sarcopenic 91.4%, p = 0.30). However, LFI score was significantly associated with mortality at 1‐year (OR 2.133, p = 0.047).ConclusionsRadiographic sarcopenia is a suitable proxy for in‐person frailty assessment as both L3‐PMI and LFI capture frail patients’ pre‐LT. However, physical assessment with frailty better predicts 1‐year mortality post‐LT than the measurement of muscle mass.
Lack of Association Between Donor‐Derived Cell‐Free DNA and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
Authors: Alharethi Rami , Knight Stacey , Luikart Helen I. , Wolf‐Doty Theresa , Bride Daniel L. , Kim Daniel. T. , Khush Kiran K. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a leading cause of death after heart transplantation (HT). We evaluated donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) as a noninvasive biomarker of CAV development after HT.The INSPIRE registry at the Intermountain Medical Center was queried for stored plasma samples from HT patients with and without CAV. At Stanford University, HT patients with CAV (cases) and without CAV (controls) were enrolled prospectively, and blood samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed for dd‐cfDNA using the AlloSure assay (CareDx, Inc.). CAV was defined per the ISHLT 2010 standardized classification system. Univariate associations between patient demographics and clinical characteristics and their CAV grade were tested using chi‐square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Associations between their dd‐cfDNA levels and CAV grades were examined using a nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test.A total of 69 pts were included, and 101 samples were analyzed for dd‐cfDNA. The mean age at sample collection was 58.6 ± 13.7 years; 66.7% of the patients were male, and 81% were White. CAV 0, 1, 2, and 3 were present in 37.6%, 22.8%, 22.8%, and 16.8% of included samples, respectively. The median dd‐cfDNA level was 0.13% (0.06, 0.33). The median dd‐cfDNA level was not significantly different between CAV (−) and CAV (+): 0.09% (0.05%–0.32%) and 0.15% (0.07%–0.33%), respectively, p = 0.25 and with similar results across all CAV grades.In our study, dd‐cfDNA levels did not correlate with the presence of CAV and did not differ across CAV grades. As such, dd‐cfDNA does not appear to be a reliable noninvasive biomarker for CAV surveillance.
Objects of “imprisonment”: Diasporic museum collections on ethnographic display
Authors: Brulon Soares Bruno 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article reflects on the place and the narratives in which collections of the Afro‐Brazilian diaspora are inscribed in the context of ethnographic museums in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Presenting a brief sociohistorical analysis of two collections, one in the Civil Police Museum and the other in the Édison Carneiro Folklore Museum, it demonstrates how different regimes of knowledge are used to “imprison” objects of faith as museum objects in the eyes of the police or in those of ethnographers. “Incarcerated” in museums, these collections have been kept by state institutions that frame them either as testimonies of offenses to the public order, or as objects of folklore, religious artifacts disconnected from terreiros. Finally, recurring to a theoretical framework of nonduality to provoke museum's stable categories, the article considers the current transformative role of museums in the “liberation” of a diasporic heritage, by proposing dialogue and collaboration as important elements in the liminal work of musealization. Ultimately, what is at stake in the case of Afro‐Brazilian sacred materials kept in museums is the ability of objects disassociated from their ritual context to transmit the sacred in the museum environment.
Consumption of alcohol‐free and alcoholic beverages among Dutch university students: Substitution or addition?
Authors: Groefsema Martine M. , van Hooijdonk Kirsten J. M. , Voogt Carmen V. , Hendriks Hanneke , Vink Jacqueline M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol‐free drinks are suggested as healthy alternatives for alcohol consumption. To achieve benefits, alcohol‐free beverages must be consumed as a substitute for alcoholic beverages, not in addition. This study examined in a student sample (i) the frequency/quantity of alcohol(‐free) consumption; (ii) the relationship between alcohol‐free and alcohol consumption; (iii) alcohol‐free drinks as substitution or in addition to alcoholic drinks; and (iv) possible gender differences.MethodsSurvey data regarding alcohol(‐free) consumption (May–June 2022) of Dutch university students (N = 4.318, females 70.2%; males 28.5%, average age 22.6 years [SD = 2.4]).Results(i) A total of 42.8% of the students indicated they had never consumed alcohol‐free versus 10.1% who never consumed alcoholic beverages; (ii) the group who recently consumed alcohol‐free also most often recently consumed alcoholic beverages (42.7%). The group that had never consumed alcohol‐free drank on average more alcoholic beverages (M = 3.98 on a drinking day) compared to past and recent alcohol‐free drinkers (respectively, M = 3.44 and M = 3.59). (iii) Most students (54.9%) reported drinking alcohol‐free beverages in addition to alcohol, 17.4% indicated using it as a substitution. Students who consumed alcohol‐free as ‘substitution’ were older, more often living alone or with a partner, less often living with parents and more often involved in a steady relationship compared to students who consumed in ‘addition’. (iv) No prominent gender differences were found.Discussion and ConclusionsThe majority of students remained consuming the same number of alcoholic beverages since they started consuming alcohol‐free beverages, pointing to an addition effect. A small group did use alcohol‐free beverages as a substitute for their alcohol consumption.
Grading objective diagnostic components in paroxysmal events: One‐year follow‐up at a tertiary epilepsy center
Authors: Aaftink Daniel , Reijneveld Jaap C. , de Lange Frederik , Sander Josemir W. , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to develop a model and perform a preliminary internal validation study of the Scale for Objective Diagnostic Components of Paroxysmal Events (STAMP).MethodsWe developed STAMP, which builds on the International League Against Epilepsy task force scale for functional seizures with additional categories for epileptic seizures and syncope. We included 200 consecutive referrals to a Dutch tertiary epilepsy center to evaluate seizurelike events. We recorded demographic and clinical data and collected the clinical evaluation at referral and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of follow‐up. We ascertained the STAMP at each time point and evaluated factors predicting an improvement in STAMP grade during follow‐up.ResultsOf the 200 referrals at baseline, 131 were classified as having epileptic seizures, 17 as functional seizures, and three as syncope, and 49 were unclassifiable. STAMP grade at baseline was 4 (absent) in 56 individuals, 3 (circumstantial) in 78, 2 (clinically established) in six, and 1 (documented) in 11. Over time, 62 cases STAMP grades improved, and 23 remained unclassifiable. A refinement of STAMP grade during follow‐up was due to successful event recordings in 34 people (30 video‐electroencephalographic [EEG] recordings, four tilt table testing), home videos or clinician‐witnessed events in 13, and identification of interictal EEG or magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in seven. An improved STAMP grade after 12 months of follow‐up was significantly more likely in those with higher event frequency, unclassifiable events, longer event duration, and a shorter time since the first event and less likely in those with a history suggestive of seizures.SignificanceThis epilepsy service evaluation underscores the crucial role of event recording in improving diagnostic certainty. STAMP may be used to monitor diagnostic performance over time but requires further validation.
Large potential impacts of marine heatwaves on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Guibourd de Luzinais Vianney , Gascuel Didier , Reygondeau Gabriel , Cheung William W. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOcean warming is driving significant changes in the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, shifting species' biogeography and phenology, changing body size and biomass and altering the trophodynamics of the system. Particularly, extreme temperature events such as marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been increasing in intensity, duration and frequency. MHWs are causing large‐scale impacts on marine ecosystems, such as coral bleaching, mass mortality of seagrass meadows and declines in fish stocks and other marine organisms in recent decades. In this study, we developed and applied a dynamic version of the EcoTroph trophodynamic modelling approach to study the cascading effects of individual MHW on marine ecosystem functioning. We simulated theoretical user‐controlled ecosystems and explored the consequences of various assumptions of marine species mortality along the food web, associated with different MHW intensities. We show that an MHW can lead to a significant biomass reduction of all consumers, with the severity of the declines being dependent on species trophic levels (TLs) and biomes, in addition to the characteristics of MHWs. Biomass of higher TLs declines more than lower TLs under an MHW, leading to changes in ecosystem structure. While tropical ecosystems are projected to be sensitive to low‐intensity MHWs, polar and temperate ecosystems are expected to be impacted by more intense MHWs. The estimated time to recover from MHW impacts is twice as long for polar ecosystems and one‐third longer for temperate biomes compared with tropical biomes. This study highlights the importance of considering extreme weather events in assessing the effects of climate change on the structures and functions of marine ecosystems.
Mycorrhization enhances plant growth and stabilizes biomass allocation under drought
Authors: Tang Bo , Man Jing , Romero Ferran , Bergmann Joana , Lehmann Anika , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlants and their symbionts, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are increasingly subjected to various environmental stressors due to climate change, including drought. As a response to drought, plants generally allocate more biomass to roots over shoots, thereby facilitating water uptake. However, whether this biomass allocation shift is modulated by AM fungi remains unknown. Based on 5691 paired observations from 154 plant species, we conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate how AM fungi modulate the responses of plant growth and biomass allocation (e.g., root‐to‐shoot ratio, R/S) to drought. We found that AM fungi attenuate the negative impact of drought on plant growth, including biomass production, photosynthetic performance and resource (e.g. nutrient and water) uptake. Accordingly, drought significantly increased R/S in non‐inoculated plants, but not in plants symbiotic with established AM fungal symbioses. These results suggest that AM fungi promote plant growth and stabilize their R/S through facilitating nutrient and water uptake in plants under drought. Our findings highlight the crucial role of AM fungi in enhancing plant resilience to drought by optimizing resource allocation. This knowledge opens avenues for sustainable agricultural practices that leverage symbiotic relationships for climate adaptation.
Going loca: Depression at work as a public feeling in Peru
Authors: Bisht Riya , Riach Kathleen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we invite the reader to join us in developing a culturally situated understanding of mental health at work in the Global South. Basing our analysis within the context of Peru, we situate depression as a feminist‐inspired “Public Feelings project,” whereby embodied experiences such as depression are inseparable from historical, social, and political structures of oppression (Cvetkovich, 2007). Through methodologically engaging in a mode of Nguyen et al.’s (2016) epistemic friendship, we explore the experiences of 12 Peruvian working women who self‐identify as having depression. Using interviews and arts‐based methods; specifically, Peruvian‐inspired portraiture, as a potential well for hope, healing, and humanity, we consider the narratives, experiences, feelings, and other embodied forms of knowing around depression and work in Peru. Working with the in vivo concept of “being loco,” we develop two art‐works presenting in dialogue with findings that explore the potential of how a Public Feelings lens might open up theoretical and methodological vistas for exploring in situ health experiences as constituted in particular geohistorical and gendered landscapes.
Implementation Strategies for Quality Improvement in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dai Yunyun , Daveson Barbara A. , Gan Luyu , Ding Jinfeng , Chen Yongyi , Johnson Claire E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundQuality improvement (QI) programs based on person‐centred outcome measures (PCOMs) play an important role in promoting optimal palliative care. However, routine use of PCOMs has been slow and difficult to implement, including within QI programs.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify implementation strategies that support the implementation of PCOMs as routine practice in hospital‐based palliative care, as well as the implementation theories, models and frameworks (TMFs) guiding the design of these implementation strategies.MethodsA scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review framework. Four databases (Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed) were systematically searched for literature published between 1 January 1990 and 8 March 2024.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen unique implementation strategies, identified from 11 included studies, were mapped onto the 73 Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) discrete implementation strategies, covering 52% of the ERIC strategies. The most commonly used categories were train and educate stakeholders, and support clinicians, followed by develop stakeholder interrelationships and use evaluation and iterative strategies. Three key themes emerged: what to do; how to do it; and who to do it with. Only four studies employed TMFs to guide the design of the implementation strategies in this review.ConclusionsTo promote the implementation of PCOM‐based QI programs, strategies should be developed based on identified/potential barriers and facilitators by using rigorous TMFs. The components of the implementation strategies must be reported transparently and consistently to enable replication and measurement in future research and practice.Patient and Public ContributionThis scoping review does not directly involve patients or the general public in its design or execution. However, it is part of an implementation study aimed at integrating the Palliative Care Outcome Collaboration (PCOC) model into routine clinical practice at a cancer hospital in China. Before the formal implementation, palliative care professionals from this hospital highlighted the need for a comprehensive analysis of existing evidence to support the effective adoption of the PCOC model in their specific clinical setting.