bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black-White Differences in Attitudes Related to Pregnancy Among Young Women
Authors: Barber Jennifer S. , Yarger Jennifer Eckerman , Gatny Heather H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article, we use newly available data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study to compare a wide range of attitudes related to pregnancy for 961 black and white young women. We also investigate the extent to which race differences are mediated by, or net of, family background, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), adolescent experiences related to pregnancy, and current SES. Compared with white women, black women generally have less positive attitudes toward young nonmarital sex, contraception, and childbearing, and have less desire for sex in the upcoming year. This is largely because black women are more religious than white women and partly because they are more socioeconomically disadvantaged in young adulthood. However, in spite of these less positive attitudes, black women are more likely to expect sex without contraception in the next year and to expect more positive consequences if they were to become pregnant, relative to white women. This is largely because, relative to white women, black women had higher rates of sex without contraception in adolescence and partly because they are more likely to have grown up with a single parent. It is unclear whether attitudes toward contraception and pregnancy preceded or are a consequence of adolescent sex without contraception. Some race differences remain unexplained; net of all potential mediators in our models, black women have less desire for sex in the upcoming year, but they are less willing to refuse to have sex with a partner if they think it would make him angry and they expect more positive personal consequences of a pregnancy, relative to white women. In spite of these differences, black women’s desires to achieve and to prevent pregnancy are very similar to white women’s desires.
RELIABILISM, VERITISM, AND EPISTEMIC CONSEQUENTIALISM
Authors: Goldman Alvin I. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAccording to Selim Berker the prevalence of consequentialism in contemporary epistemology rivals its prevalence in contemporary ethics. Similarly, and more to the point, Berker finds epistemic consequentialism, epitomized by process reliabilism, to be as misguided and problematic as ethical consequentialism. This paper shows how Berker misconstrues process reliabilism and fails to pinpoint any new or substantial defects in it.
CHRISTIAN HEROES, PROVIDENCE, AND PATRIOTISM IN WARTIME BRITAIN, 1793–1815
Authors: ATKINS GARETH 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe use by British crowds of victorious admirals to articulate patriotic and libertarian ideas during the wars of the long eighteenth century is well known. But conflict also posed awkward questions about masculinity and issues surrounding it. Was military prowess compatible with politeness, with religiosity? During the 1790s, the fight to the death with revolutionary France made such questions hard to ignore, being compounded by the fact that Britain's most celebrated leader – Nelson – was not a paragon of virtue. This article shows how evangelicals sought to resolve these tensions by advancing a different set of ideals founded on piety and professionalism: by finding heroes of their own. This has crucial consequences for our understanding of how they and the ideas they championed became so prominent in late Hanoverian public life. In contradistinction to recent work suggesting that they exploited causes that were already popular – moral reform, antislavery – this article shows how they advanced a powerful providential narrative in which Christian heroes and godly policy were what made Britain great, a narrative whose veracity was ‘proven’ by wartime successes, especially in the navy, and which would remain highly influential well into the nineteenth century.
VOLUNTARY SERVICE AND STATE HONOURS IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN
Authors: HARPER TOBIAS 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe importance of the honours system as an institution in British politics and public life has frequently been underestimated. At the end of the First World War, the British government prioritized voluntary service to the state as an area which the honours system should reward more than others through the newly created Order of the British Empire. However, after the war the Order changed to focus more on civil servants, soldiers, and the broad category of ‘local service’. The latter could include volunteers, but more often did not. Various attempts to democratize honours through reforms from the 1960s focused on rewarding a wider range of service. The most successful of these was John Major's honours reform programme in 1993, which returned volunteer service to the forefront of the public image of honours. While these reforms were not as egalitarian as they seemed, they were successful because they integrated an ideology of crown honours with the other functions of the modern monarchy and opened up the honours system to a wider potential set of recipients. At the same time, they maintained a hierarchical structure that meant that elites who had traditionally enjoyed the exclusivity of high honours continued to do so.
Morphology of juvenile phase of Achelous spinimanus (Latreille, 1819) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) reared in laboratory
Authors: Bolla Júnior Eduardo Antonio , Negreiros Fransozo Maria Lucia 
Published: May 2015

The swimming crabAchelous spinimanusis an important fishery component of several countries in the Western Atlantic; therefore, knowledge of the different phases of its life cycle is essential for good management of this resource. The juvenile development ofA. spinimanuswas investigated in the laboratory, from megalopae captured in neuston samples at Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil (23°26′S 46°09′W), during the summer months of 2005–2007. Rearing was performed in a constant temperature (25 ± 1°C), filtered seawater from the collection location (35 psu) and natural photoperiod. We obtained nine stages of the juvenile phase. All the morphological characters that allow the recognition of the first juvenile stage were drawn and described, as well as the main alterations that occur in the following stages. The sexual differentiation based on the number of pleopods becomes apparent from the third stage on. Some important characters in the identification of the species at the juvenile phase are the number of segments on the exopod of antennule, on the antennal flagellum and on the palp of mandible, beyond the absence of pleopods (even rudimentary) in the first stage.
Set-syllogistics meet combinatorics
Authors: OMODEO EUGENIO G. , POLICRITI ALBERTO , TOMESCU ALEXANDRU I. 
Published: May 2015

This paper considers ∃*∀* prenex sentences of pure first-order predicate calculus with equality. This is the set of formulas which Ramsey's treated in a famous article of 1930. We demonstrate that the satisfiability problem and the problem of existence of arbitrarily large models for these formulas can be reduced to the satisfiability problem for ∃*∀* prenex sentences of Set Theory (in the relators ∈, =).We present two satisfiability-preserving (in a broad sense) translations Φ ↦ $\dot{\Phi}$ and Φ ↦ Φσ of ∃*∀* sentences from pure logic to well-founded Set Theory, so that if $\dot{\Phi}$ is satisfiable (in the domain of Set Theory) then so is Φ, and if Φσ is satisfiable (again, in the domain of Set Theory) then Φ can be satisfied in arbitrarily large finite structures of pure logic.It turns out that |$\dot{\Phi}$| = $\mathcal{O}$(|Φ|) and |Φσ| = $\mathcal{O}$(|Φ|2).Our main result makes use of the fact that ∃*∀* sentences, even though constituting a decidable fragment of Set Theory, offer ways to describe infinite sets. Such a possibility is exploited to glue together infinitely many models of increasing cardinalities of a given ∃*∀* logical formula, within a single pair of infinite sets.
Prevalence of and risk factors for binge eating behaviour in 6930 adults starting a weight loss or maintenance programme
Authors: Bertoli Simona , Leone Alessandro , Ponissi Veronica , Bedogni Giorgio , Beggio Valentina , Strepparava Maria Grazia , Battezzati Alberto 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveConflicting data are available on the prevalence of binge eating behaviour (BE) in individuals seeking to lose or maintain weight. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and the risk factors for BE in a large sample of men and women starting a weight loss or maintenance programme.DesignCross-sectional study. BE was defined as a Binge Eating Scale (BES) score ≥18. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Italian Depression Questionnaire were used to assess anxiety and depression. Besides sex, age and BMI, marital status, educational level, smoking and physical activity were evaluated as potential risk factors for BE. Uni- and multivariable Poisson working regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and marginal probabilities.SettingNutritional research centre.SubjectsAdults (n6930; 72 % women) with a median age of 46 years (range 18–81 years) were consecutively studied.ResultsBE prevalence in the pooled sample was 17 %. At multivariable analysis, being a woman (PR=2·70), smoking (PR=1·15) and increasing BMI (PR=1·05 for 1 kg/m2increase) were risk factors for BE. On the contrary, being older (PR=0·99 for 1-year increase), performing physical activity (PR=0·89) and being married (PR=0·88) were protective factors for BE. Anxiety and depression were more common in subjects with BE.ConclusionsBE is common in individuals seeking to lose or maintain weight. The prevalence of BE is higher in young obese women. However, BE is present also in men, elders and normal-weight subjects.
“Unstuck in time”: Harry Partch's Bilocated Life
Authors: JOHNSON JAKE 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn a letter dated to 1960, Harry Partch describes living two lives simultaneously—one in modern America and another in ancient Greece. Furthermore, throughout his life, Partch exhibited striking dualities in both his music and personal life. Partch's affinity for Greek themes and modalities in his music and music theory is well known, but less known is his feeling of bilocation between Greek and modern life. Using writings by Vonnegut, Woolf, and Stephen Hawking, I examine methods of constructing history that support Partch's temporal irregularity and, in so doing, foster new ways of understanding Partch and his music. With a particular focus on corporeality within his late work Revelation in the Courthouse Park, I explore how Partch leaned on his sense of bilocation to cope with his decidedly outsider status, how that in turn helped him deal with reality, and how biographers might tackle this most perplexing issue.
Long-term observation of amphibian populations inhabiting urban and forested areas in Yekaterinburg, Russia
Authors: Vershinin Vladimir L. , Vershinina Svetlana D. , Berzin Dmitry L. , Zmeeva Darya V. , Kinev Alexander V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article presents data derived from a 36 year-long uninterrupted observational study of amphibian populations living in the city and vicinity of Yekaterinburg, Russia. This area is inhabited by six amphibian species. Based on a degree of anthropogenic transformation, the urban territory is divided into five highly mosaic zones characterized by vegetation, temperature, and a distinctive water pollution profile. Population data is presented year-by-year for the number of animals, sex ratio, and species-specific fecundity including the number and quality of spawns for the following amphibian species: Salamandrella keyserligii, Rana arvalis, R. temporaria, Lissotriton vulgaris, and Pelophylax ridibundus. These data provide an excellent opportunity to assess an urban environment from an animal population-wide perspective, as well as revealing the forces driving animal adaptation to the anthropogenic transformation of habitats.
A user-friendly database of coastal flooding in the United Kingdom from 1915–2014
Authors: Haigh Ivan D. , Wadey Matthew P. , Gallop Shari L. , Loehr Heiko , Nicholls Robert J. , Horsburgh Kevin , Brown Jennifer M. , Bradshaw Elizabeth 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCoastal flooding caused by extreme sea levels can be devastating, with long-lasting and diverse consequences. Historically, the UK has suffered major flooding events, and at present 2.5 million properties and £150 billion of assets are potentially exposed to coastal flooding. However, no formal system is in place to catalogue which storms and high sea level events progress to coastal flooding. Furthermore, information on the extent of flooding and associated damages is not systematically documented nationwide. Here we present a database and online tool called ‘SurgeWatch’, which provides a systematic UK-wide record of high sea level and coastal flood events over the last 100 years (1915-2014). Using records from the National Tide Gauge Network, with a dataset of exceedance probabilities and meteorological fields, SurgeWatch captures information of 96 storms during this period, the highest sea levels they produced, and the occurrence and severity of coastal flooding. The data are presented to be easily assessable and understandable to a range of users including, scientists, coastal engineers, managers and planners and concerned citizens.
Four-state ferroelectric spin-valve
Authors: Quindeau Andy , Fina Ignasi , Marti Xavi , Apachitei Geanina , Ferrer Pilar , Nicklin Chris , Pippel Eckhard , Hesse Dietrich , Alexe Marin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSpin-valves had empowered the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) devices to have memory. The insertion of thin antiferromagnetic (AFM) films allowed two stable magnetic field-induced switchable resistance states persisting in remanence. In this letter, we show that, without the deliberate introduction of such an AFM layer, this functionality is transferred to multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJ) allowing us to create a four-state resistive memory device. We observed that the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic interface plays a crucial role in the stabilization of the exchange bias, which ultimately leads to four robust electro tunnel electro resistance (TER) and tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) states in the junction.
The Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and the Prevalence of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Li Qing , Zhou Yong , Dong Kehui , Wang Anxin , Yang Xin , Zhang Caifeng , Zhu Yi , Wu Shouling , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLittle is known about the associations between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and atherosclerotic carotid plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of SUA levels with the prevalence of vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid plaque in a community-based cohort. In the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community (APAC) study, cross-sectional data from 2860 Chinese residents who underwent SUA measurement and ultrasonographic assessment of carotid plaque were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of SUA levels with presence of vulnerable carotid plaque. After adjustment for potential confounders, SUA levels were significantly associated with the prevalence of vulnerable plaque amongst the middle-aged adults (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.28). Compared to the lowest quartile, quartiles 2, 3 and 4 had a prevalence OR of 1.33 (1.02–1.74), 1.70 (1.27–2.27) and 2.05 (1.53–2.75), respectively, for the presence of vulnerable carotid plaque (p for trend across quartiles < 0.001). In the APAC study, elevated SUA levels were independently associated with the prevalence of vulnerable carotid plaque in middle-aged adults.
Low Temperature Vacuum Synthesis of Triangular CoO Nanocrystal/Graphene Nanosheets Composites with Enhanced Lithium Storage Capacity
Authors: Guan Qun , Cheng Jianli , Li Xiaodong , Wang Bin , Huang Ling , Nie Fude , Ni Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCoO nanocrystal/graphene nanosheets (GNS) composites, consisting of a triangular CoO nanocrystal of 2~20 nm on the surface of GNS, are synthesized by a mild synthetic method. First, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate is recrystallized in the alcohol solution at a low temperature. Then, graphene oxide mixed with cobalt-precursor followed by high vacuum annealing to form the CoO nanocrystal/GNS composites. The CoO nanocrystal/GNS composites exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1481.9 m Ah g−1 after 30 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of over 96% when used as anode materials for lithium ion battery. The excellent electrochemical performances may be attributed to the special structure of the composites. The well-dispersed triangular CoO nanocrystal on the substrate of conductive graphene can not only have a shorter diffusion length for lithium ions, better stress accommodation capability during the charge-discharge processes and more accessible active sites for lithium-ion storage and electrolyte wetting, but also possess a good conductive network, which can significantly improve the whole electrochemical performance.
Larynx carcinoma regulates tumor-associated macrophages through PLGF signaling
Authors: Zhou Xu , Qi Ying 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCancer neovascularization plays an essential role in the metastasis of larynx carcinoma (LC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Recently, we reported that placental growth factor (PLGF) regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in LC. Here, we show that MMP9 upregulated in LC and appeared to be mainly produced by M2 macrophages (tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)). In a transwell co-culture system, PLGF secreted by LC cells triggered macrophage polarization to a TAM subtype that releases MMP9. Moreover, MMP9 was found to be activated in the PLGF-polarized TAM via transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor signaling activation. Furthermore, PLGF in LC cells induced macrophage polarization in vivo and significantly promoted the growth of LC. Thus, together with our previous work, our study highlights a pivotal role of cross-talk between TAM and LC in regulating the metastasis of LC.
Generic amyloidogenicity of mammalian prion proteins from species susceptible and resistant to prions
Authors: Nyström Sofie , Hammarström Per 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPrion diseases are lethal, infectious diseases associated with prion protein (PrP) misfolding. A large number of mammals are susceptible to both sporadic and acquired prion diseases. Although PrP is highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed in all mammals, not all species exhibit prion disease. By employing full length recombinant PrP from five known prion susceptible species (human, cattle, cat, mouse and hamster) and two species considered to be prion resistant (pig and dog) the amyloidogenicity of these PrPs has been delineated. All the mammalian PrPs, even from resistant species, were swiftly converted from the native state to amyloid-like structure when subjected to a native condition conversion assay. The PrPs displayed amyloidotypic tinctorial and ultrastructural hallmarks. Self-seeded conversion of the PrPs displayed significantly decreased lag phases demonstrating that nucleation dependent polymerization is a dominating mechanism in the fibrillation process. Fibrils from Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, Lysozyme, Insulin and Transthyretin did not accelerate conversion of HuPrP whereas fibrils from HuPrP90-231 and HuPrP121-231 as well as full length PrPs of all PrPs efficiently seeded conversion showing specificity of the assay requiring the C-terminal PrP sequence. Our findings have implications for PrP misfolding and could have ramifications in the context of prion resistant species and silent carriers.
Brightening Gold Nanoparticles: New Sensing Approach Based on Plasmon Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Shi Lei , Jing Chao , Gu Zhen , Long Yi-Tao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractScattering recovered plasmonic resonance energy transfer (SR-PRET) was reported by blocking the plasmon resonance energy transfer (PRET) from gold nanoparticle (GNP) to the adsorbed molecules (RdBS). Due to the selective cleavage of the Si-O bond by F− ions, the quenching is switched off causing an increase in the brightness of the GNPs,detected using dark-field microscopy (DFM) were brightened. This method was successfully applied to the determination of fluoride ions in water. The SR-PRET provides a potential approach for a vitro/vivo sensing with high sensitivity and selectivity.
The transgenic cloned pig population with integrated and controllable GH expression that has higher feed efficiency and meat production
Authors: Ju Huiming , Zhang Jiaqing , Bai Lijing , Mu Yulian , Du Yutao , Yang Wenxian , Li Yong , Sheng Anzhi , Li Kui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSustained expression of the GH gene has been shown to have detrimental effects on the health of animals. In the current study, transgenic founder pigs, with controllable pig growth hormone (pGH) expression, were cloned via the handmade cloning method (HMC) and pGH expression levels were examined at the cellular and organismal levels. The serum pGH levels in 3 founder male pigs were found to be significantly higher after induction with intramuscular injection of doxycycline (DOX) compared to baseline. A daily dose of DOX was administered via feed to these animals for a period of 65 to 155 days. The growth rate, feed efficiency and pGH serum concentration increased in the DOX-induced transgenic group compared with the other groups. 8 numbers of animals were euthanized and the dressing percentage, loin muscle and lean meat percentage were significantly higher in the DOX-induced F1 transgenic group compared with the other groups. In this study a large population of transgenic pigs, with integrated controllable expression of a transgene, was obtained. The transgenic pigs were healthy and normal in terms of reproductive capability. At the same time, feed efficiency was improved, production processes were accelerated and meat yield was increased.
Partial dark-field microscopy for investigating domain structures of double-layer microsphere film
Authors: Heon Kim Joon , Su Park Jung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA lateral dislocation in a double-layer microsphere film is very difficult to identify because the constituent domains have the same two-dimensional crystalline orientation. Orientation-sensitive optical techniques cannot resolve this issue. Here, we demonstrate that partial dark-field (pDF) optical microscopy can be very effective in identifying this type of domain boundary and dislocation of a close-packed microsphere double-layer. Using the hexagonal symmetry of the close-packed microsphere film and the light-focusing property of microspheres, the partially blocked dark-field condenser can provide much higher contrast than other optical microscopy modes can in identifying the laterally dislocated domains. The former can also distinguish domains with different crystalline orientation by rotating the pDF stop. The simplicity of the pDF mode will make it an ideal tool for the structural study of close-packed double-layer microsphere films.