bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid direct‐automatic differentiation method for the computation of independent sensitivities in multibody systems
Authors: Callejo A. , de Jalón J. García 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThe usefulness of sensitivity analyses in mechanical engineering is very well‐known. Interesting examples of sensitivity analysis applications include the computation of gradients in gradient‐based optimization methods and the determination of the parameter relevance on a specific response or objective. In the field of multibody dynamics, analytical sensitivity methods tend to be very complex, and thus, numerical differentiation is often used instead, which degrades numerical accuracy. In this work, a simple and original method based on state‐space motion differential equations is presented. The number of second‐order motion differential equations equals the number of DOFs, that is, there is one differential equation per independent acceleration. The dynamic equations are then differentiated with respect to the parameters by using automatic differentiation and without manual intervention from the user. By adding the sensitivity equations to the dynamic equations, the forward dynamics and the independent sensitivities can be robustly computed using standard integrators. Efficiency and accuracy are assessed by analyzing three numerical examples (a double pendulum, a four‐bar linkage, and an 18‐DOF coach) and by comparing the results with those of the numerical differentiation approach. The results show that the integration of independent sensitivities using automatic differentiation is stable and accurate to machine precision. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A consistent u‐p formulation for porous media with hysteresis
Authors: Pedroso Dorival M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis paper presents a continuum formulation based on the theory of porous media for the mechanics of liquid unsaturated porous media. The hysteresis of the liquid retention model is carefully modelled, including the derivation of the corresponding consistent tangent moduli. The quadratic convergence of Newton's method for solving the highly nonlinear system with an implicit finite element code is demonstrated. A u‐p formulation is proposed where the time discretisation is carried out prior to the space discretisation. In this way, the derivation of all consistent moduli is fairly straightforward. Time integration is approximated with the Theta and Newmark's methods, and hence the fully coupled nonlinear dynamics of porous media is considered. It is shown that the liquid retention model requires also the consistent second‐order derivative for quadratic convergence. Some predictive simulations are presented illustrating the capabilities of the formulation, in particular to the modelling of complex porous media behaviour. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the graft ratio on the properties of polythiophene‐g‐poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Maione Silvana , Fabregat Georgina , del Valle Luis J. , Bendrea Anca‐Dana , Cianga Luminita , Cianga Ioan , Estrany Francesc , Alemán Carlos 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTGraft copolymers formed by anchoring poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains to conjugated polythiophene have been prepared by copolymerizing two compounds: unsubstituted α‐terthiophene (Th3) and a thiophene‐derived macromonomer having an α‐terthiophene conjugated sequence and one Th3 bearing a PEG chain with molecular weight of 2000 as substitute at the 3‐position of the central heterocycle (Th3‐PEG2000). The grafting ratio of the resulting copolymers (PTh3*‐g‐PEG), which were obtained using 75:25 and 50:50 Th3‐PEG2000:Th3 weight ratios, is significantly smaller than that of copolymers derived from polymerization of macromonomers consisting of a α‐pentathiophene sequence in which the central ring bears a PEG chain of Mw = 2000 (PTh5‐g‐PEG). The electroactivity and electrochemical stability of PTh3*‐g‐PEG is not only higher than that of PTh5‐g‐PEG but also higher than that of PTh3, the latter presenting a very compact structure that makes difficult the access and escape of dopant ions into the polymeric matrix during the redox processes. Furthermore, the optical π‐π* lowest transition energy of PTh3*‐g‐PEG is lower than that of both PTh5‐g‐PEG and PTh3. These properties, combined with suitable wettability and roughness, result in an excellent behavior as bioactive platform of PTh3*‐g‐PEG copolymers, which are more biocompatible, in terms of cellular adhesion and proliferation, and electro‐compatible than PTh5‐g‐PEG. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 239–252
New minimum sigma set for unscented filtering
Authors: Menegaz Henrique M. , Ishihara João Y. , Borges Geovany A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this work, a new minimum set of sigma points for unscented filtering is proposed along with its unscented Kalman filter in both square‐root and nonsquare‐root forms. Comparative with the other reduced sigma sets of the literature, the new sigma set is, in some cases, better defined or, in another case, a generalization. In numerical examples, the unscented transform of the new sigma set is compared with the unscented transforms of the other reduced sigma sets of the literature. In addition, the performance of the new unscented Kalman filter is studied in an aircraft target tracking scenario. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Unilateral Divorce Law on Marital Stability
Authors: Kneip Thorsten , Bauer Gerrit , Reinhold Steffen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPrevious research examining the impact of unilateral divorce law (UDL) on the prevalence of divorce has provided mixed results. Studies based on cross-sectional cross-country/cross-state survey data have received criticism for disregarding unobserved heterogeneity across countries, as have studies using country-level panel data for failing to account for possible mediating mechanisms at the micro level. We seek to overcome both shortcomings by using individual-level event-history data from 11 European countries (SHARELIFE) and controlling for unobserved heterogeneity over countries and cohorts. We find that UDL in total increased the incidence of marital breakdown by about 20 %. This finding, however, neglects potential selection effects into marriage. Accordingly, the estimated effect of unilateral divorce laws becomes much larger when we control for age at marriage, which is used as indicator for match quality. Moreover, we find that UDL particularly affects marital stability in the presence of children.
How frequent is the fifth arch artery?
Authors: Gupta Saurabh K. , Bamforth Simon D. , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlthough usually shown in embryology textbooks, the presence of the fifth pair of pharyngeal arch arteries has long been controversial. To the best of our knowledge, six pairs of bilaterally symmetrical arteries developing within the pharyngeal arches are yet to be found in any mammalian or avian species. Collateral channels between the distal ends of the fourth and sixth arch arteries, in contrast, have been found in up to half of all developing mouse embryos. In only one human embryo, again to the best of our knowledge, has a channel been found that extends from the aortic sac to the dorsal aorta, and hence qualifies as an arch artery. Despite these confounding factors in terms of the developmental heritage of the fifth arch arteries, the purported channels are invoked with increasing frequency to describe various lesions discovered in the setting of the congenitally malformed heart. Persistence of the artery of the fifth arch was initially proposed to explain double-barrelled aorta. It was subsequently proposed to account for various systemic-to-pulmonary channels feeding the pulmonary circulation in the setting of pulmonary atresia. It has also been claimed to persist so as to explain abnormal branching of the brachiocephalic arteries from the aortic arch. In the light of the ongoing doubts concerning the existence of the arteries of the fifth arch themselves, we have reviewed the various descriptions of purported fifth arch arteries within the world literature. We have then sought to validate the descriptions on the basis of our own understanding of development, for this purpose providing images of the remoulding arch arteries in the mouse so as to substantiate our conclusions. While accepting that our own interpretations are speculative, we suggest that more convincing alternative explanations can be advanced to account for the majority of lesions currently interpreted on the basis of persistence of the arteries of the fifth arches. Although the interpretations do not necessarily change the therapeutic approaches to the channels, appropriate description is important in terms of their classification.
Adhesion properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus mucus-binding factor to mucin and extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Nishiyama Keita , Nakamata Koichi , Ueno Shintaro , Terao Akari , Aryantini Ni Putu Desy , Sujaya I Nengah , Fukuda Kenji , Urashima Tadasu , Yamamoto Yuji , Mukai Takao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We previously described potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, isolated from fermented mare milk produced in Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which showed high adhesion to porcine colonic mucin (PCM) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Recently, mucus-binding factor (MBF) was found in the GG strain of L. rhamnosus as a mucin-binding protein. In this study, we assessed the ability of recombinant MBF protein from the FSMM22 strain, one of the isolates of L. rhamnosus from fermented Sumbawa mare milk, to adhere to PCM and ECM proteins by overlay dot blot and Biacore assays. MBF bound to PCM, laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin with submicromolar dissociation constants. Adhesion of the FSMM22 mbf mutant strain to PCM and ECM proteins was significantly less than that of the wild-type strain. Collectively, these results suggested that MBF contribute to L. rhamnosus host colonization via mucin and ECM protein binding.
A consumer adoption model for personalized medicine: an exploratory study
Authors: Hitz Anja , Prevel Katsanis Lea 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this research is to identify factors linked to the potential acceptance of personalized medicine (PM) by consumers. Roger’s diffusion of innovation model (1995) and the work of Duguayet al.(2003) on transgenic biopharmaceuticals contributed to the development of the proposed conceptual model.Design/methodology/approach– The study design was an exploratory cross-sectional survey that used a Canadian national online panel of 307 respondents.Findings– The results suggest that the most important factors leading to consumer adoption of PM are knowledge, relative advantage and compatibility with existing values. The level of homophilus traits was negatively related to the acceptance of PM.Originality/value– Marketers will need to provide documented evidence of PM’s benefits over existing therapy based on improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Further, concerns about higher price, product distribution and drug reimbursement policies may limit its acceptance. This is the first study to examine the potential adoption and acceptance of PM by consumers.
Forensic triage of email network narratives through visualisation
Authors: Haggerty John , Haggerty Sheryllynne , Taylor Mark 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach that automates the visualisation of both quantitative data (the network) and qualitative data (the content) within emails to aid the triage of evidence during a forensics investigation. Email remains a key source of evidence during a digital investigation, and a forensics examiner may be required to triage and analyse large email data sets for evidence. Current practice utilises tools and techniques that require a manual trawl through such data, which is a time-consuming process.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper applies the methodology to the Enron email corpus, and in particular one key suspect, to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. Resulting visualisations of network narratives are discussed to show how network narratives may be used to triage large evidence data sets.

Findings
– Using the network narrative approach enables a forensics examiner to quickly identify relevant evidence within large email data sets. Within the case study presented in this paper, the results identify key witnesses, other actors of interest to the investigation and potential sources of further evidence.

Practical implications
– The implications are for digital forensics examiners or for security investigations that involve email data. The approach posited in this paper demonstrates the triage and visualisation of email network narratives to aid an investigation and identify potential sources of electronic evidence.

Originality/value
– There are a number of network visualisation applications in use. However, none of these enable the combined visualisation of quantitative and qualitative data to provide a view of what the actors are discussing and how this shapes the network in email data sets.
The impact of trust, motivation and rewards on knowledge sharing attitudes among the secondary and higher secondary level students’
Authors: Sabbir Rahman Muhammad , Hussain Bashir 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper’s aim is to inspect the influence of trust, motivation and rewards on knowledge-sharing attitudes among secondary and higher secondary students in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approach– A sample of 200 Bangladeshi students from secondary and higher secondary-level educational institutions in Dhaka city participated in this study. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling techniques.Findings– The findings suggested that trust variables play a significant role in encouraging knowledge-sharing behaviour among the students.Practical Implications– This research also provides a guideline to teachers and policymakers on enhancing a knowledge-sharing environment among secondary and higher secondary-level students.Originality– This paper is a pioneer in understanding knowledge-sharing patterns among secondary and higher secondary students in a developing country such as Bangladesh.
Mutualistic interaction between Salmonella enterica and Aspergillus niger and its effects on Zea mays colonization
Authors: Balbontín Roberto , Vlamakis Hera , Kolter Roberto 
Published: October 2014

SummarySalmonella Typhimurium inhabits a variety of environments and is able to infect a broad range of hosts. Throughout its life cycle, some hosts can act as intermediates in the path to the infection of others. Aspergillus niger is a ubiquitous fungus that can often be found in soil or associated to plants and microbial consortia. Recently, S. Typhimurium was shown to establish biofilms on the hyphae of A. niger. In this work, we have found that this interaction is stable for weeks without a noticeable negative effect on either organism. Indeed, bacterial growth is promoted upon the establishment of the interaction. Moreover, bacterial biofilms protect the fungus from external insults such as the effects of the anti‐fungal agent cycloheximide. Thus, the Salmonella–Aspergillus interaction can be defined as mutualistic. A tripartite gnotobiotic system involving the bacterium, the fungus and a plant revealed that co‐colonization has a greater negative effect on plant growth than colonization by either organism in dividually. Strikingly, co‐colonization also causes a reduction in plant invasion by S. Typhimurium. This work demonstrates that S. Typhimurium and A. niger establish a mutualistic interaction that alters bacterial colonization of plants and affects plant physiology.
Drought resistance and recovery in mature Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata
Authors: Foster K. , Lambers H. , Real D. , Ramankutty P. , Cawthray G.R. , Ryan M.H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFew studies have investigated the response of perennial legumes to drought stress (DS) and their ability, following rewatering, to regrow and restore photosynthetic activity. We examined these responses for two genotypes of drought‐tolerant tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata) and one genotype of lucerne (Medicago sativa). Plants were grown outdoors in 1‐m deep PVC pots with a reconstructed field soil profile, regularly watered for 8 months (winter to mid‐summer), and then moved to a glasshouse where either watering was maintained or drought was imposed for up to 47 days, before rewatering for 28 days. Drought stress greatly decreased shoot dry matter (DM) production in both species. Lucerne plants showed severe leaf desiccation after 21 days of withholding water. Relative leaf water content (RWC = 42%) and midday leaf water potential (LWP = −6.5 MPa) decreased in tedera in response to DS, whereas leaf angle (85°) and lateral root DM both increased. Proline and pinitol accumulated in tedera leaves during DS, and their concentration declined after rewatering. Nine days after rewatering, previously drought‐stressed tedera had similar RWC and LWP to well‐watered control plants. In tedera and lucerne, 28 days after rewatering, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were greater than in the well‐watered controls. The lateral root DM for one tedera genotype decreased during the recovery phase but for lucerne, the lateral root DM did not change during either the drought or the recovery phases. Overall, the root systems in tedera showed greater plasticity in response to DS and rewatering than in lucerne. In conclusion, tedera and lucerne showed different physiological and morphological strategies to survive and recover from DS. Proline and soluble sugars may act as a carbon source for regrowth in tedera during recovery. In comparison with lucerne, tedera's more rapid recovery after rewatering should contribute to a greater aboveground DM yield under alternating dry and wet periods. Tedera genotypes are highly heterogeneous and selecting genotypes with enhanced concentrations of pinitol and proline could be a valuable tool to improve plant performance during DS and recovery.
Economic evaluation of arsenic trioxide compared to all‐trans retinoic acid + conventional chemotherapy for treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia in Canada
Authors: Lachaine Jean , Mathurin Karine , Barakat Stéphane , Couban Stephen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an uncommon type of acute leukemia characterized by high early mortality. Current first‐line treatments include all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), anthracyclines, and other conventional chemotherapies (CTs). Although APL is generally associated with a good prognosis, about 20% of patients who achieve remission subsequently relapse and are resistant to the previously administrated treatment. The objective of this study was to assess, from a Canadian perspective, the economic impact of arsenic trioxide (ATO) compared to ATRA+CT for treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory APL.MethodsThe cost‐effectiveness of ATO compared to ATRA+CT for treating patients with relapsed/refractory APL was assessed over a lifetime horizon using a Markov model. The model considers five health states: induction, second remission, treatment failure or relapse, postfailure, and death. Markov cycle length was 1 month for the first 24 months and 1 yr thereafter. The model also takes into account the incidence of grade 3–4 adverse events reported in clinical trials. Analyses were conducted from a Canadian Ministry of Health (MoH) and a societal perspective.ResultsCompared to ATRA+CT, ATO was associated with incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios of $20 551/quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) from a MoH perspective and $22 219/QALY from a societal perspective. Results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that ATO is a cost‐effective strategy in 99.27% and 98.98% of the simulations from a MoH and a societal perspective, respectively.ConclusionsThis economic evaluation demonstrates that ATO is a cost‐effective strategy compared to ATRA+CT for treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory APL in Canada.
Mesenchymal stem‐cell potential in cartilage repair: an update
Authors: Mazor M. , Lespessailles E. , Coursier R. , Daniellou R. , Best T. M. , Toumi H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractArticular cartilage damage and subsequent degeneration are a frequent occurrence in synovial joints. Treatment of these lesions is a challenge because this tissue is incapable of quality repair and/or regeneration to its native state. Non‐operative treatments endeavour to control symptoms and include anti‐inflammatory medications, viscosupplementation, bracing, orthotics and activity modification. Classical surgical techniques for articular cartilage lesions are frequently insufficient in restoring normal anatomy and function and in many cases, it has not been possible to achieve the desired results. Consequently, researchers and clinicians are focusing on alternative methods for cartilage preservation and repair. Recently, cell‐based therapy has become a key focus of tissue engineering research to achieve functional replacement of articular cartilage. The present manuscript is a brief review of stem cells and their potential in the treatment of early OA (i.e. articular cartilage pathology) and recent progress in the field.
Are Virtual Environments the New Frontier in Obesity Management?
Authors: Cornick Jessica E. , Blascovich Jim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAdvances in virtual environment technology, particularly digital immersive virtual environment technology, enable people to engage in increasingly compelling experiences. Such technology not only has entertainment value but also provides a powerful research platform for behavioral scientists and clinicians. Although many immersive virtual environment‐based studies have been conducted in the last 20 years, investigations of psychological and physical health remain relatively rare. In short, virtual environment technology provides investigators and health care providers with a powerful tool to study motivate their research participants and patients to improve or regain health. Here, the nature of the technology, ideas for future research using it, and how it has and can be used to assess and combat the obesity epidemic sweeping the United States.