bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete critical bound region of the generalized exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential
Authors: Hu Ji Xiao , Zhi Zhang Yong , Montgomery Jr Henry E , Kam Ho Yew , Liu Aihua , Guang Jiao Li 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The complete critical bound region of the generalized exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential (ECSCP)

V
(
r
)
=
−

r

−
1

e

−
(
β
cos
⁡
θ
)
r

cos
⁡

[
(
β
sin
⁡
θ
)
r
]

is investigated by employing the generalized pseudospectral method. Highly accurate critical screening parameters are determined over the entire parameter space, spanning from the exponential screened Coulomb potential (θ = 0), via the oscillatory ECSCP (

θ
=
π

/

4

), to the strongest oscillatory cosine Coulomb potential (CCP) (

θ
=
π

/

2

). With an efficient extrapolation technique, the critical screening parameter for the CCP is estimated at about

β
c

=
2.34

. By analyzing the variation of the ground state energy in the critical bound region, we separate the parameter space into two regions, i.e. the exponential region at small and moderate values of θ where the exponential screening term dominates the critical behavior of system, and the cosine region for θ close to

π

/

4

where the oscillatory cosine term dominates.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of shallow aquifers in Thanh Phu District, Ben Tre Province, Vietnam
Authors: Van Le Thi Thuy , Luyen Nguyen Thi Thuy , Thang Chau Hong , Huy Du Nguyen , Danh Mai Ngoc 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Shallow aquifers in the Thanh Phu coastal area in Ben Tre Province are increasingly withdrawn for domestic and irrigation purposes. However, groundwater resources here are declining in quality due to the effects of seawater intrusion and anthropogenic activities. It requires an understanding of the groundwater origin and changes in water quality to protect local groundwater resources. By applying the hydrogeochemical approach, the origin and quality of groundwater here have been clarified. A total of 35 water samples were collected during the 2023 dry season. The laboratory analysis included 16 ions. The results show that the groundwater water types are Ca-Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl and Na-Cl, with the domination of the third pattern. Hydrochemical characteristics have shown evaporation, silicate weathering, cation exchange and marine effects as the vital processes governing the mineralization of regional groundwater. Most of the water samples are of poor quality, not adapting to domestic water standards according to the National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality and WHO 2011. It requires water treatment before being used for domestic purposes. However, the SAR, Na%, PI, KR and EC values displayed that groundwater here was still acceptable for irrigation purposes, demonstrating the prospect of using groundwater for agricultural purposes in the study area.
First report on microplastics in a freshwater clam, Corbicula baudoni, in Vietnam
Authors: Le Nguyen-Hong-Son , Pham Anh-Duc , Hien To-Thi , Nguyen Quoc-Hung , Bui Xuan-Thanh , Dao Thanh-Son 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The widely reported microplastic presence in aquatic animals has been concerned due to the potential ecological and human health risks. The microplastics in marine mollusk have been studied worldwide, however, information on microplastics in freshwater mussels has been limited. In this study, we monthly monitored microplastics in small (mean length of 14 mm, weight of 1.1 g) and large (mean length of 21 mm, weight of 3.6 g) sizes of freshwater clam (Corbicula baudoni) from Mekong River in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam, from February to September 2022. Two microplastic shapes of fiber (99%) and fragment (1%) were observed in tissue of all clam samples. The microplastic abundance (mean ± standard deviation) in the small size clams was 3.4 ± 1.4 items/individual, and 15.8 ± 9.9 items/g wet weight, whereas that in large size clams was 14.6 ± 10.0 items/individual, and 18.2 ± 14.2 items/g wet weight. We found a positive correlation between the microplastic abundance in the clams and their size and weight. In all clam samples, the shorter fibers were the higher numbers they were. Seven microplastic colors were observed in which the highest proportion of the colors was black (∼ 40%), followed by white (∼ 26%), and blue (∼ 17%). The polymeric characterization by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry revealed that the items were polymers of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, nylon, and rayon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on microplastics in freshwater clam from Mekong River and in Vietnam. The common presence of microplastics with high abundance in the clams indicates a high potential health risk to local inhabitants who daily consume the clams as food. Further studies on the effects of microplastics from food on human health are highly suggested.
The presence of microplastics in personal care and cosmetic products (PCCPs) commonly used in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Thao , Oanh Le Thi Kim , Chi Nguyen Doan Thien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Microplastics pollution poses a global environmental challenge due to its well-documented effects on marine ecosystems and the food chain for humans. Personal care and cosmetic products (PCCPs), have the potential to be a source of microplastics, which directly contribute to aquatic microplastics pollution. This study investigated the presence of microplastics in widely used PCCPs in Ho Chi Minh City. The microplastics concentration in 21 samples of toothpaste, exfoliating products, facial cleansers, shower gels, and hand sanitizers were examined. The PCCPs samples were dissolved in boiling water and then filtered to separate microplastics. The chemical composition of polymers of extracted microplastics was determined using a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with ATR. We found that 14 PCCPs samples contained microplastics as an ingredient. Granular form microplastics were predominant in PCCPs. The largest size of microplastics was found in an exfoliating product (40-2,085μm), while the smallest size was observed in toothpaste (10-380μm). Acrylates copolymers were a common ingredient in the 14 PCCPs samples. Carbomer, polyethylene, and polyethylene glycol were only found in toothpaste samples. The research aims to regulate the components in different types of PCCPs in Vietnam to minimize microplastics discharge into the environment.
Synthesis of Cr(VI)-adsorbed carbon from Artocarpus heterophyllus peel waste: activated conditions, characterizations and adsorption isotherm
Authors: Ngo T T , Tran T N , Phan T B , Nguyen T T N , Ngo H L , Phan N N , Horvat Alen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is often activated with phosphoric acid to make value-added goods. However, statistical effects of impregnation ratio (IR) and activation temperature (AT) on Artocarpus heterophyllus peel-derived activated carbon have not been studied. This study used an experimental approach and regression model to investigate these impacts on Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. A regression model and analysis of variance assessed these two factors’ variation. The activated carbon’s morphology, surface functional groups, and Cr(VI) adsorption isotherm at optimal conditions were examined using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller, X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, Boehm titration, pH drift methods, Langmuir, and Freundlich models. The quadratic regression model described the influence of AT and IR on Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and found the best values of 545°C and 4:1. When IR and AT ranged from 1.89 to 4.0 and 330°C to 545°C respectively, the combined effect caused the most variance and had a synergistic effect on Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. This activated carbon at optimal conditions had many carboxylic groups, a porous, amorphous surface, and a maximum mono-layer capacity of 29.498 mg g-1. Freundlich is a better Cr(VI) adsorption model. This study will give a technical way and advocate for the utilization of activated carbon derived from Artocarpus heterophyllus peel as an effective material for the removal of chromium (VI) from water.
Evaluation of wild bee diversity in fruit orchards within the Ba Den mountain area, Tay Ninh Province, Vietnam
Authors: Le V T , Shimizu U K , Dang V S , Pham T L , Miyanaga R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wild bees are commonly found and play a vital role in pollinating various crops. Unfortunately, the number of wild bee species is experiencing a steep decline, attributed to deforestation, the application of agricultural pesticides, escalating environmental pollution, and the spread of urbanization. Hence, research on bee diversity is essential for the protection of these crucial pollinators. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of wild bee richness and abundance within fruit orchards. From February to May 2023, the study was conducted in the Ba Den mountain area of Tay Ninh Province, encompassing Tay Ninh City and the Duong Minh Chau district. Malaise traps were used to collect bee samples during the flowering season of the fruit orchards. Simultaneously, the flowering plants in the surrounding vicinity were meticulously identified and observed. The composition of wild bees was determined and compared between orchards. In total, 836 bee specimens belonging to 27 distinct wild bee species spanning three families, along with 30 flowering plant species across 17 families, were recorded. It was found that the Apidae family stood out as the most abundant and diverse group within the wild bee population. Additionally, the abundance of Ceratina smaragdula was noted across three orchards. Within the fruit orchards, the Fabaceae and Asteraceae families emerged as widely prevalent among flowering plants. Importantly, the first fruit orchard exhibited a greater richness and abundance of wild bees, coupled with a higher count of flowering plant species, in comparison to the other fruit orchards. The amassed data in this study, which encompasses insights into biodiversity, distribution patterns, and variations across different orchards, not only aids in the preservation of these pivotal pollinators but also lends essential support to the realm of agricultural production.
Analysis of urban heat islands combining Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 satellite images in Hochiminh city
Authors: Van Thong D , Tuan Cuong H , Ha Phuong T , Lam N T N , Nguyen T P C , Lap Xuan T T , Le Quang T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Urbanization in big cities has led to many impacts, the most obvious of which is the increasing of impervious surfaces from urban areas, socio-economic construction, concrete roads and the reduction of green space (vegetation, water surface). The changes land use land cover (LULC) led to the changes in the land surface temperature (LST), the formation of urban temperature islands (UHI), which have changed the local climate. This study combined Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images to enhance the process and calculation of LST value, spatial resolution was improved to 10m compared to 30m when calculated by Landsat 8 image. In which, the study also used ArcGIS software to classify 4 land surface covers, namely built-up land, vegetation land, water surface and the other land in order to monitor the urbanization process (with kappa coefficients all over 0.8) and assess the trend of changing LST on each LULC in the period 2015 - 2022. The results showed that when combined with Sentinel 2 images, LULC such as built-up land, roads and vegetation cover were more prominent, helping to improve more accurate results when calculating LST. Besides the trend of urbanization development in Ho Chi Minh city, it also leads to changes in the distribution of UHI over time.
Farmers’ livelihood strategies for adapting to reduced water resources in the upstream Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Le Y T , Yuerlita Y , Febriamansyah R , Pham Van H T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article analyzes the livelihood strategies of farmers to adapt to reduced amounts of water in the upstream Mekong Delta in Vietnam. The study was conducted in An Phu district, the upstream district of An Giang province, bordering Cambodia, the area first affected when the availability of water resource from the Mekong River changes. The study aims to learn about the impact of changes on livelihood patterns and agricultural livelihood strategies using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods including: household surveys, key informant interviews, participatory rural appraisal methods, and in-depth interviews with farmers. The results show that the decrease in water resources has led to transitions in the livelihoods of farmers. From 2011 to 2022, flood levels had changed, peak floods were lower, and duration of the seasonal floods was shorter. Farmers have gradually changed farming patterns and techniques and adopted different strategies, including from (1) rice to “safe rice” (44.73%); (2) rice to fruits (32.99%); (3) rice to vegetables (6.41%); (4) and vegetables to fruits (13.42%). The reason for these transitions are: reduced water resources availability for practical farming; higher profits are possible with alternative strategies; and, availability of new learning from neighbouring farmers. Better use of available water resources, protection of human health and the environment, and lower production costs are the pathways that farmers have been aiming to achieve effectively and safely on account of changes in their environmental conditions.
E-waste recycling behavior of customers in Vietnam: insights from Ho Chi Minh City and Dong Nai
Authors: Kim Thao Le Thi , Nguyen Ha Trang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
E-waste is one of the most significant developmental challenges of our century. However, in lower-income countries like Vietnam, e-waste or e-waste recycling seems to be a newborn sector. Moreover, little is known about people`s behavior as well as their willingness to use recycling tools. Therefore, it worths analysing the factors impacting e-waste recycling behavior in Vietnam. The scope of this research is in Ho Chi Minh City and Dong Nai. By applying statistic tools in SPSS, correlation tests were performed. The result of this study indicates that age, job, knowledge, e-waste identification, collection point availability, have associations with e- waste disposal behavior (sorting and recycling application usage) and willingness to pay for recycling rate.
Real Materialism
Authors: Strawson Galen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChapter 3 pauses the central task of the book (to establish identity metaphysics as explicated in Chapter 2), and considers materialism, the view that everything that concretely exists is physical. It endorses ‘real’ materialism, i.e. materialism that is fully realist about consciousness or qualia. It argues that there is a fatal tension in philosophers’ use of the word ‘physical’: while ‘x is physical’ entails ‘x is non-mental’ in everyday language, this understanding of ‘physical’ cannot be carried over into philosophy, where it simply begs the question against the real (and traditional) materialist view that consciousness—real consciousness!—is wholly physical. The chapter also considers the changing fortunes of the word ‘materialism’: although the principal original claim of materialism was that consciousness was wholly material or physical, it came to be used to mean a view that doubted or denied the existence of consciousness.
On Time
Authors: Zaanen Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This text revolves around a new and unusual view on the most fundamental puzzle of physics. It focusses on the key aspect that makes the role of the time dimension fundamentally different, dealing on the one hand with general relativity and quantum theory, and on the other hand: causality. The implicit and intuitive way by which causality is usually taken for granted is just made explicit and less self-evident, shedding new light on the gravity–quantum conflict. The case is made that gravity is a necessary condition for a causal universe. But upon turning to the ‘pure’ unitary quantum physics explaining the nature of matter, one is dealing with the strictly acausal time expressed through the thermal quantum field theory machinery. When this acausal microscopic and causal macroscopic world meet, one encounters the wavefunction collapse, that itself may be rooted in the quantum–gravity conflict. Modern ideas are discussed resting on eigenstate thermalization, showing how this may lie eventually at the origin of the irreversible thermodynamics, with its famous second law setting also a direction of time. The case is anchored in the sophisticated modern mathematical machinery of both general relativity and quantum physics, which is typically barely disseminated beyond the theoretical physics floors. The book is unique in the regard that the consequences of this machinery—Riemannian geometry and Penrose diagrams, thermal quantum fields, quantum non-equilibrium, and so forth—are explained in an original, descriptive language, conveying the conceptual consequences while avoiding mathematical technicalities.
The quantum gravity mainstream versus my problem of time
Authors: Zaanen Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A critical reflection on the mainstream thinking regarding the quantum gravity problem is presented, revolving around the status of certain intuitive starting assumptions, that are usually kept implicit. The powerful AdS/CFT correspondence is reviewed. In the way it is used, it is actually by construction avoiding the quantum–gravity conflict. It is detached from semiclassical black hole physics and using it for these purposes does not make sense. The fact that the diffeomorphism of GR is sacrificed in the context of the Unruh effect by tracing out the quantum information beyond the horizon, is a separate postulate that has not been independently verified. The information paradox is explored: why claim that macroscopic black holes are subjected to eternal unitary time evolution, while there are no other macroscopic objects known accomplishing this feat?
Artificial intelligence chatbot vs pathology faculty and residents: Real-world clinical questions from a genitourinary treatment planning conference
Authors: Luo Matthew X , Lyle Adam , Bennett Phillip , Albertson Daniel , Sirohi Deepika , Maughan Benjamin L , McMurtry Valarie , Mahlow Jonathon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Artificial intelligence (AI)–based chatbots have demonstrated accuracy in a variety of fields, including medicine, but research has yet to substantiate their accuracy and clinical relevance. We evaluated an AI chatbot’s answers to questions posed during a treatment planning conference.

Methods
Pathology residents, pathology faculty, and an AI chatbot (OpenAI ChatGPT [January 30, 2023, release]) answered a questionnaire curated from a genitourinary subspecialty treatment planning conference. Results were evaluated by 2 blinded adjudicators: a clinician expert and a pathology expert. Scores were based on accuracy and clinical relevance.

Results
Overall, faculty scored highest (4.75), followed by the AI chatbot (4.10), research-prepared residents (3.50), and unprepared residents (2.87). The AI chatbot scored statistically significantly better than unprepared residents (P = .03) but not statistically significantly different from research-prepared residents (P = .33) or faculty (P = .30). Residents did not statistically significantly improve after research (P = .39), and faculty performed statistically significantly better than both resident categories (unprepared, P &lt; .01; research prepared, P = .01).

Conclusions
The AI chatbot gave answers to medical questions that were comparable in accuracy and clinical relevance to pathology faculty, suggesting promise for further development. Serious concerns remain, however, that without the ability to provide support with references, AI will face legitimate scrutiny as to how it can be integrated into medical decision-making.
A novel approach to assessing the joint effects of mercury and fish consumption on neurodevelopment in the New Bedford Cohort
Authors: Thurston Sally W , Ruppert David , Korrick Susan A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Understanding health risks from methylmercury (MeHg) exposure is complicated by its link to fish consumption, which may confound or modify toxicities. One solution is to include fish intake and a biomarker of MeHg exposure in the same analytical model, but resulting estimates do not reflect the independent impact of accumulated MeHg or fish exposure. In fish-eating populations, this can be addressed by separating MeHg exposure into fish intake and average mercury content of the consumed fish. We assessed the joint association of prenatal MeHg exposure (maternal hair mercury level) and fish intake (among fish-eating mothers) with neurodevelopment in 361 children aged 8 years from the New Bedford Cohort (New Bedford, Massachusetts; born in 1993-1998). Neurodevelopmental assessments used standardized tests of IQ, language, memory, and attention. Covariate-adjusted regression assessed the association of maternal fish consumption, stratified by tertile of estimated average fish mercury level, with neurodevelopment. Associations between maternal fish intake and child outcomes were generally beneficial for those in the lowest average fish mercury tertile but detrimental in the highest average fish mercury tertile, where, for example, each serving of fish was associated with 1.3 fewer correct responses (95% CI, −2.2 to −0.4) on the Boston Naming Test. Standard analyses showed no outcome associations with hair mercury level or fish intake.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.