bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low doses of dextromethorphan have a beneficial effect in the treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Morel Véronique , Pickering Gisèle , Etienne Monique , Dupuis Amandine , Privat Anne‐Marie , Chalus Maryse , Eschalier Alain , Daulhac Laurence 
Published: April 2014

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists may be given in persistent neuropathic pain, but adverse events especially with ketamine may limit their clinical use. Less central and cognitive adverse events are described with dextromethorphan and memantine. These molecules have been explored in many preclinical and clinical studies, but data are conflicting as regards neuropathic pain alleviation. Dextromethorphan and memantine have been administered to animals after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) to evaluate their antinociceptive/cognitive effects and associated molecular events, including the phosphorylation of several tyrosine (pTyr1336, pTyr1472) residues in the NR2B NMDAR subunit. Spinal nerve ligation and sham animals received dextromethorphan (10 mg/kg, i.p.), memantine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (1 mL/kg, i.p.). These drugs were administered once symptoms of allodynia and hyperalgesia had developed. Tests were carried out before and after surgery. Tactile allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia and spatial memory were, respectively, evaluated by von Frey, Randall & Selitto and Y‐maze tests and molecular events by Western blot analysis. Spinal nerve‐ligated animals displayed nociception and impaired spatial memory. Dextromethorphan, but not memantine, reversed neuropathic pain (NP) symptoms, restored spatial memory integrity and decreased the expression of pTyr1336NR2B. Following postoperative administration of dextromethorphan, this study has demonstrated for the first time a concordance between behaviour, cognitive function and molecular events via pTyr1336NR2B for neuropathic pain alleviation. Confirmation of these findings in patients would constitute a major step forward in the treatment of neuropathic pain and in the improvement of cognitive function and quality of life.
The most appropriate primary outcomes to design clinical trials on Huntington's disease: meta‐analyses of cohort studies and randomized placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Salem Linda , Saleh Nadine , Youssov Katia , Olivier Audrey , Charles Perrine , Scherer Clarisse , Verny Christophe , Bachoud‐Lévi Anne‐Catherine , Maison Patrick 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a rare multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Both its natural course and any placebo effect are poorly known. All are obstacles to design randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted meta‐analyses of RCTs and cohorts on all parameters of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale to determine the most appropriate outcomes and to minimize the number of patients required to design RCTs in HD. Twenty‐four RCTs were included, involving 838 patients with a mean age of 50.0 ± 2.3 years and a mean total functional capacity (TFC) score of 9.8 ± 0.6. Nineteen cohorts were included involving 1939 patients with a mean age of 48.9 ± 2.3 years and a mean TFC of 10.1 ± 0.7. Significant deterioration was observed in RCTs for all scores except behavioral score. Effect sizes were comparable between RCTs and cohorts for each test except that there was a significant difference for TFC. The weighted mean deterioration per year on the TFC scale was −0.5 (0.2) in RCTs and −0.8 (0.2) in cohorts. The lowest number of patients required per group in a RCT was for TFC (19 per group), whereas 30 patients would be required per group for the total motor score (TMS). For cognition, the verbal fluency test required the smallest number of patients: 104 per group. In conclusion, TMS and TFC are the most appropriate outcomes to design RCTs on HD likewise the verbal fluency test for cognition. Our results suggest an effect of placebo administration on the total functional capacity.
Gene expression profiles during short‐term heat stress in the red sea coral Stylophora pistillata
Authors: Maor‐Landaw Keren , Karako‐Lampert Sarit , Ben‐Asher Hiba Waldman , Goffredo Stefano , Falini Giuseppe , Dubinsky Zvy , Levy Oren 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDuring the past several decades, corals worldwide have been affected by severe bleaching events leading to wide‐spread coral mortality triggered by global warming. The symbiotic Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata from the Gulf of Eilat is considered an opportunistic ‘r’ strategist. It can thrive in relatively unstable environments and is considered a stress‐tolerant species. Here, we used a S. pistillata custom microarray to examine gene expression patterns and cellular pathways during short‐term (13‐day) heat stress. The results allowed us to identify a two‐step reaction to heat stress, which intensified significantly as the temperature was raised to a 32 °C threshold, beyond which, coping strategies failed at 34 °C. We identified potential ‘early warning genes’ and ‘severe heat‐related genes’. Our findings suggest that during short‐term heat stress, S. pistillata may divert cellular energy into mechanisms such as the ER‐unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) at the expense of growth and biomineralization processes in an effort to survive and subsequently recover from the stress. We suggest a mechanistic theory for the heat stress responses that may explain the success of some species which can thrive under a wider range of temperatures relative to others.
Thermodynamic theory explains the temperature optima of soil microbial processes and high Q10 values at low temperatures
Authors: Schipper Louis A. , Hobbs Joanne K. , Rutledge Susanna , Arcus Vickery L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOur current understanding of the temperature response of biological processes in soil is based on the Arrhenius equation. This predicts an exponential increase in rate as temperature rises, whereas in the laboratory and in the field, there is always a clearly identifiable temperature optimum for all microbial processes. In the laboratory, this has been explained by denaturation of enzymes at higher temperatures, and in the field, the availability of substrates and water is often cited as critical factors. Recently, we have shown that temperature optima for enzymes and microbial growth occur in the absence of denaturation and that this is a consequence of the unusual heat capacity changes associated with enzymes. We have called this macromolecular rate theory – MMRT (Hobbs et al., , ACS Chem. Biol. 8:2388). Here, we apply MMRT to a wide range of literature data on the response of soil microbial processes to temperature with a focus on respiration but also including different soil enzyme activities, nitrogen and methane cycling. Our theory agrees closely with a wide range of experimental data and predicts temperature optima for these microbial processes. MMRT also predicted high relative temperature sensitivity (as assessed by Q10 calculations) at low temperatures and that Q10 declined as temperature increases in agreement with data synthesis from the literature. Declining Q10 and temperature optima in soils are coherently explained by MMRT which is based on thermodynamics and heat capacity changes for enzyme‐catalysed rates. MMRT also provides a new perspective, and makes new predictions, regarding the absolute temperature sensitivity of ecosystems – a fundamental component of models for climate change.
Evaluation of calcium‐releasing and apatite‐forming abilities of fast‐setting calcium silicate‐based endodontic materials
Authors: Han L. , Kodama S. , Okiji T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate two fast‐setting calcium silicate‐based endodontic materials (Endocem mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Endocem Zr) with regard to their ability to release calcium ions (Ca2+) and produce apatite‐like precipitates after immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS).MethodologyEndocem MTA, Endocem Zr and white ProRoot MTA (WMTA) were used. Chemical composition of the powder of each material was analysed with a wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyser with image observation function (SEM‐EPMA). The amount of Ca2+ released from water‐immersed set cements was measured with an EDTA titration method. Morphology and chemical composition of surface precipitates formed on the surface of PBS‐immersed cements were analysed with the SEM‐EPMA. Data obtained were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test with a significance level of 5%.ResultsEndocem MTA and WMTA contained calcium (Ca), silicon (Si) and bismuth as the major elemental constituents, whereas Endocem Zr contained zirconium as the most abundant element, followed by Ca and Si. The amount of Ca2+ release was WMTA >Endocem MTA ≥Endocem Zr. After immersion in PBS for 14 days, the three materials produced Ca‐ and phosphorus (P)‐containing apatite‐like surface precipitates. WMTA showed higher Ca/P ratio of the precipitates compared with the other cements, with statistical significance between WMTA and Endocem Zr (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with WMTA, Endocem MTA and Endocem Zr were associated with significantly less Ca ions release and, when immersed in PBS, produced apatite‐like crystalline precipitates of significantly lower Ca/P ratios.
Electrochemical‐induced dissolution of stainless steel files
Authors: Amaral C. C. F. , Ormiga F. , Gomes J. A. C. P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the effectiveness of the dissolution process when hand stainless steel files are polarized in solutions containing chloride and fluoride to promote their dissolution.MethodologyRedox curves and anodic polarization curves were obtained to determine the conditions necessary for the dissolution of stainless steel endodontic files. Anodic polarization of sizes 20 and 30 files was performed, and a t‐test (P < 0.05) was used to compare the weight loss, the time of dissolution and the electrical charge generated by both groups of files. Fragments were polarized in simulated root canals to evaluate the dissolution process. After the tests, a size 10 K‐file was used to verify the possibility of bypassing the fragment. Radiographic analysis of the simulated canals was used before and after the tests to verify fragment dissolution.ResultsA progressive consumption of the sizes 20 and 30 files was observed with total polarization times of 7.0 and 9.0 min, respectively. Files with the larger diameters exhibited greater weight loss, longer times of dissolution and generated a greater electrical charge during the active dissolution process (t‐test, P < 0.05). After 60 min, the anodic polarization of file fragments in simulated root canals resulted in their partial dissolution.ConclusionA 60‐min anodic polarization of stainless steel K‐file fragments in simulated root canals resulted in their partial dissolution. The fragments could be bypassed after the test.
4% articaine buccal infiltration versus 2% lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block for emergency root canal treatment in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpits: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Monteiro M. R. F. P. , Groppo F. C. , Haiter‐Neto F. , Volpato M. C. , Almeida J. F. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo compare the anaesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANB) with 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine (LI) to a buccal infiltration (BI) with 1.8 mL of 4% articaine (AR), both with 1 : 100 000 epinephrine, in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpits in a randomized controlled trial.MethodologyVolunteers presenting at the Emergency Centre (FOP‐UNICAMP) were randomly divided into two groups (30 for AR and 20 for LI). Operator and patient were not blinded. Success was recorded when complete pain‐free treatment was achieved after a single injection (IANB or BI) or when one supplemental injection was needed for emergency endodontic procedures. Success rate of supplemental injection was evaluated between and within groups using Fisher's exact test and chi‐square test.ResultsA higher success rate (P = 0.03/Fisher's exact test) was observed with AR (40%) than with LI (10%). No significant difference was found when a single injection plus one supplemental injection was compared between groups (P = 1.0; AR = 70%; LI = 80%). However, supplemental injection increased the anaesthetic success rates (AR, P = 0.04; LI, P = 0.0001) within groups.ConclusionsSingle anaesthesia techniques (IANB or BI) were not able to achieve pain‐free emergency endodontic treatment. Supplemental anaesthetic techniques should be considered prior to treatment procedures in order to increase success rate (consort: registration number – NCT01912755/Fapesp: #2009/10834‐4).
Cytotoxicity, interaction with dentine and efficacy on multispecies biofilms of a modified salt solution intended for endodontic disinfection in a new in vitro biofilm model
Authors: van der Waal S. V. , Scheres N. , de Soet J. J. , Wesselink P. R. , Crielaard W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the cytotoxicity of a modified salt solution (MSS) and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of MSS on in vitro biofilm models.MethodologyIn a metabolic assay, fibroblasts derived from periodontal ligaments (PDL) of human extracted teeth were cultured and challenged with MSS or controls. Then, in active attachment biofilm models, the efficacy of MSS in the presence of dentine powder and in eliminating mature biofilms was investigated. In the dentine assay, a biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis was employed. For the final assay, microorganisms were retrieved from infected root canals and cultured to produce biofilms. After the treatments with MSS or the controls, the biofilms were collected, serially diluted and plated. The colony‐forming units were counted. One‐way anova was used to analyse the differences between the groups. A P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe PDL fibroblasts remained metabolically active after challenges with MSS. Dentine powder did not alter the efficacy of MSS (P > 0.05). In endodontic biofilms, the culturable bacteria were equally reduced by MSS, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) or 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (P > 0.05).ConclusionsModified salt solution is noncytotoxic in vitro and has good antimicrobial properties equal to CHX and NaOCl. Although the results are promising, ex vivo and in vivo studies are needed before its use as an interappointment root canal dressing can be considered.
Transendoscopic Laser Surgery to Correct Nasopharyngeal Obstruction Caused by Head Flexion in Horses
Authors: Barton Ann Kristin , Cehak Anja , Rohn Karl , Ohnesorge Bernhard 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo determine outcome after transendoscopic laser fenestration of the median septum and removal of the salpingopharyngeal fold of the guttural pouch on nasopharyngeal obstruction caused by poll flexion in Warmblood horses.Study DesignClinical study.AnimalsHorses (n = 9).MethodsNine horses with a history of performance insufficiency and respiratory noise during poll flexion were examined. On endoscopy, an often asymmetric dorsoventral obstruction of the nasopharynx occurred during poll flexion. Left lateral radiographs were taken in neutral, extended, and flexed head positions showed that mean nasopharyngeal diameter during poll flexion was significantly smaller than in healthy horses. Transendoscopic laser fenestration of the median septum between the guttural pouches was fenestrated and on the worst affected side, resection of the salpingopharyngeal fold was performed for correction. Three days after surgery a follow‐up examination including an exercise test, endoscopy, and radiology was performed in 7 horses.ResultsMean ± SD nasopharyngeal diameter based on radiographic measurements had increased significantly by 64% from 1.67 ± 0.49 to 2.58 ± 0.61 cm (P = .01) and the respiratory noise was reduced or eliminated in 7 horses. Six months after surgery, a beneficial long‐term effect on performance was confirmed by an owner interview in 8 horses.ConclusionsTransendoscopic laser surgery offers a promising low‐risk treatment option for horses suffering from nasopharyngeal obstruction caused by poll flexion.
Headshaking in 5 Horses After Paranasal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Gilsenan William F. , Getman Liberty M. , Parente Eric J. , Johnson Amy L. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo report headshaking and presumptive trigeminal neuritis as a potential complication after paranasal sinus surgery in horses.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsHorses (n = 5) that developed headshaking within 45 days of paranasal sinus surgery.MethodsMedical records (2007–2010) of horses that had been evaluated for headshaking after paranasal sinus surgery were reviewed.ResultsOf 5 horses that developed headshaking within 45 days of paranasal sinus surgery, resolution occurred after treatment in 2 horses. One horse was euthanatized because clinical signs associated with headshaking could not be controlled. Headshaking persisted in the other 2 horses but was either adequately controlled with analgesics or was considered infrequent and transient enough to not warrant therapeutic intervention. Only 2 of 5 horses returned to full work after development of headshaking.ConclusionsHeadshaking because of presumptive trigeminal neuritis is a possible career‐ending or fatal complication of paranasal sinus surgery in horses.
Coil Embolization of a Palatine Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Gelding
Authors: McClellan Nathaniel R. , Mudge Margaret C. , Scansen Brian A. , Jung Stephen S. , Russell Duncan 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo describe successful transarterial coil embolization of a palatine artery pseudoaneurysm that extended into the caudal maxillary sinus of a gelding.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalA 24‐year‐old Morgan gelding with right‐sided epistaxis.MethodsThe right maxillary sinus was imaged by radiography, computed tomography, and sinoscopy. Angiography was performed to locate the source of bleeding, and transarterial coil embolization of a right palatine artery pseudoaneurysm was performed.ResultsThere was some mucoid nasal discharge and an intermittent cough postoperatively. No epistaxis was seen after embolization. There was moderate swelling of the surgical incision over the mid‐cervical common carotid artery. The horse was discharged from the hospital 4 days after surgery, and had been doing well, with no signs of bleeding, for 2 months postoperatively. The horse had acute colic secondary to a strangulating lipoma at 2 months and was euthanatized after exploratory celiotomy. Placement of embolization coils in the right palatine artery was confirmed by CT and necropsy.ConclusionsSevere epistaxis in the horse may be caused by a ruptured major palatine artery pseudoaneurysm. Occlusion of this vessel can be successfully accomplished by transarterial coil embolization.
Precision and Accuracy of Ground Reaction Force Normalization in a Heterogeneous Population of Dogs
Authors: Krotscheck Ursula , Todhunter Rory J. , Nelson Samantha A. , Sutter Nathaniel B. , Mohammed Hussni O. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo determine if currently used ground reaction force (GRF) normalization methods are accurate and precise enough to be used on a single‐limb basis.Study DesignProspective clinical trial.AnimalsClinically normal (n = 69) dogs and 40 dogs with unilateral ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL).MethodsPelvic limb GRFs of orthopedically normal dogs and those with unilateral ruptured CCL were collected. Normalization methods included none, body weight (BW), withers height (WH), WH and relative velocity (WH*F) and principal component 1 (PC1). Normalization methods were evaluated both by individual GRFs and additively. Binary logistic regression was performed for all normalization methods; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) calculated. Stepwise backward logistic regression was used; significant values were retained in the final model.P < .05 was significant.ResultsNormalization of contact time (CT) by BW uniformly increased sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy. SI was the most accurate at both the walk and trot (accuracy 80–96%). Normalization by BW, WH, and WH*F all achieved similar results. When normalized GRFs were added, the accuracy increased only at the walk.Clinical SignificanceCT should be normalized to BW. SIs remain the gold standard, if SIs cannot be used, combining GRFs normalized to BW will result in high precision (80%) and high accuracy (89.5%) at the walk. At the trot, normalization by BW, WH and WH*F results in consistent results for the individual GRFs, though not all accuracies are >80%.
AnEx VivoModel to Evaluate the Effect of Cyclical Adductory Forces on Maintenance of Arytenoid Abduction After Prosthetic Laryngoplasty Performed With and Without Mechanical Arytenoid Abduction
Authors: McClellan Nathaniel R. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Hurcombe Samuel D.A. , Litsky Alan S. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo (1) develop a model of cyclical adduction force on an abducted left arytenoid cartilage that mimics swallowing or coughing; (2) determine if arytenoid abduction by a clamp before knot tying will improve the maintenance of abduction under cyclical adduction testing.Study DesignExperimental.Sample PopulationCadaveric equine larynges (n = 14).MethodsLeft laryngoplasty performed using a single suture of #5 Ethibond with (n = 7) and without (n = 7) abducting the arytenoid with a clamp before knot tying. Each laryngoplasty was loaded cyclically from 2 to 26 N at 0.5 Hz for 5000 cycles in a servohydraulic test frame. Arytenoid displacement data were collected at 1 Hz intervals and median percent loss of abduction compared between groups. Significance was set atP < .05.ResultsMedian left arytenoid abduction distance was 16.9 mm (range, 9.8–19.8 mm). One larynx in each group failed at <1000 cycles. Loss of abduction was determined by progressive displacement of the testing actuator and confirmed by measurement. There was no difference in loss of abduction between clamped and non‐clamped larynges after 5000 cycles. This model of cyclical adduction resulted in arytenoid displacements similar to those seen in the 1st week postoperatively.ConclusionsEx vivocyclical adductory forces produced a significant loss of laryngoplasty abduction. The use of a clamp to abduct the arytenoid cartilage before knot tying did not reduce the loss of abduction.
Effect of Needle Brand, Needle Bevel Grind, and Silicone Lubrication on Contamination of Joints With Tissue and Hair Debris After Arthrocentesis
Authors: Waxman Sarah J. , Adams Stephen B. , Moore George E. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo assess contamination of joints with tissue and hair debris after arthrocentesis.Study DesignExperimental.AnimalsFetlock joint tissues (n = 6 horses).MethodsSoft tissue flaps including joint capsule were dissected from the dorsal aspect of fetlock joints of 6 anesthetized horses leaving an intact proximal base (“live” model) or with complete excision and immediate mounting to a wooden frame (“fresh” model). Needles were inserted through joint tissues and saline solution was flushed through them into tissue culture plate wells, and then examined for tissue and hair debris. Nine needle types were assessed; variables included needle brand, needle bevel grind, needle size, and silicone lubrication.ResultsNo significant difference was detected between “live” and “fresh” models for hair or tissue contamination. Compared to 20g hypodermic needles, 19g lubricated and 19g non‐lubricated needles had a significantly greater odds ratio (OR) for hair contamination. Nineteen‐gauge non‐lubricated needles had a significantly greater OR for hair contamination than 19g lubricated needles. No significant differences in ORs were identified between type of needle bevel grind, brands of disposable hypodermic needles, or brands of spinal needles for hair or tissue contamination.ConclusionsNineteen‐gauge needles significantly increase the risk of joint contamination with hair compared to 20g needles; non‐lubricated 19g needles have the greatest risk. All other needle types tested in this study have similar risks for tissue and hair contamination after arthrocentesis.