bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in bone mineral density and lower extremity lean mass after hip arthroscopy in a professional female Ironman triathlete: a case study
Authors: Mueller Sandro Manuel , Braendli Simone , Toigo Marco 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Femoroacetabular impingement is a pathomechanical condition of the hip, which is often treated through arthroscopic techniques. The ensuing immobilization period is associated with decreases in muscle mass and bone mass. To date, minimal knowledge is present about the development of tissue mass during the considerably short rehabilitation period before returning to competition in elite endurance athletes.

Case description
Before and after surgery, a professional female Ironman triathlete underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements.

Discussion and evaluation
Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the proximal femur and lower extremity lean mass decreased in the surgically treated lower extremity during the two-month period of immobilization after the hip arthroscopy. These losses were compensated for after only six weeks of rehabilitation. A similar progression of aBMD values was observed in the lumbar spine. The adaptational pattern in volumetric BMD (vBMD) and volumetric bone mineral content (vBMC) of the tibiae were more complex, but attained pre-immobilization values for most variables also after six weeks of rehabilitation. All other variables attained pre-immobilization values no later than nine months after the surgical intervention.

Conclusions
The athlete showed a high plasticity of bone and lean tissue with an optimal short- and midterm outcome. Following a two months immobilization period after a hip arthroscopy, aBMD, vBMD and vBMC achieved pre-surgical levels after four months of rehabilitation in a female Ironman triathlete. A nine-month follow-up measurement confirmed the safety of the fast return to sport.
From Deposit to Point Cloud – a Study of Low-Cost Computer Vision Approaches for the Straightforward Documentation of Archaeological Excavations
Authors: Doneus M. , Verhoeven G. , Fera M. , Briese Ch. , Kucera M. , Neubauer W. 
Published: February 2015

Stratigraphic archaeological excavations demand high-resolution documentation techniques for 3D recording. Today, this is typically accomplished using total stations or terrestrial laser scanners. This paper demonstrates the potential of another technique that is low-cost and easy to execute. It takes advantage of software using Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms, which are known for their ability to reconstruct camera pose and threedimensional scene geometry (rendered as a sparse point cloud) from a series of overlapping photographs captured by a camera moving around the scene. When complemented by stereo matching algorithms, detailed 3D surface models can be built from such relatively oriented photo collections in a fully automated way. The absolute orientation of the model can be derived by the manual measurement of control points. The approach is extremely flexible and appropriate to deal with a wide variety of imagery, because this computer vision approach can also work with imagery resulting from a randomly moving camera (i.e. uncontrolled conditions) and calibrated optics are not a prerequisite. For a few years, these algorithms are embedded in several free and low-cost software packages. This paper will outline how such a program can be applied to map archaeological excavations in a very fast and uncomplicated way, using imagery shot with a standard compact digital camera (even if the ima ges were not taken for this purpose). Archived data from previous excavations of VIAS-University of Vienna has been chosen and the derived digital surface models and orthophotos have been examined for their usefulness for archaeological applications. The a bsolute georeferencing of the resulting surface models was performed with the manual identification of fourteen control points. In order to express the positional accuracy of the generated 3D surface models, the NSSDA guidelines were applied. Simultaneously acquired terrestrial laser scanning data – which had been processed in our standard workflow – was used to independently check the results. The vertical accuracy of the surface models generated by SfM was found to be within 0.04 m at the 95 % confidence interval, whereas several visual assessments proved a very high horizontal positional accuracy as well.
Is the growth rate of Protein Data Bank sufficient to solve the protein structure prediction problem using template-based modeling?
Authors: Brylinski Michal 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) undergoes an exponential expansion in terms of the number of macromolecular structures deposited every year. A pivotal question is how this rapid growth of structural information improves the quality of three-dimensional models constructed by contemporary bioinformatics approaches. To address this problem, we performed a retrospective analysis of the structural coverage of a representative set of proteins using remote homology detected by COMPASS and HHpred. We show that the number of proteins whose structures can be confidently predicted increased during a 9-year period between 2005 and 2014 on account of the PDB growth alone. Nevertheless, this encouraging trend slowed down noticeably around the year 2008 and has yielded insignificant improvements ever since. At the current pace, it is unlikely that the protein structure prediction problem will be solved in the near future using existing template-based modeling techniques. Therefore, further advances in experimental structure determination, qualitatively better approaches in fold recognition, and more accurate template-free structure prediction methods are desperately needed.
Neurofilament medium polypeptide (NFM) protein concentration is increased in CSF and serum samples from patients with brain injury
Authors: Martínez-Morillo Eduardo , Childs Charmaine , García Belén Prieto , Álvarez Menéndez Francisco V. , Romaschin Alexander D. , Cervellin Gianfranco , Lippi Giuseppe , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBrain injury is a medical emergency that needs to be diagnosed and treated promptly. Several proteins have been studied as biomarkers of this medical condition. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate the selectivity and precision of a commercial ELISA kit for neurofilament medium polypeptide (NFM) protein; and 2) evaluate the concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of healthy individuals and patients with brain damage.An ELISA from Elabscience was used. The selectivity was evaluated using size-exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry. Intra- and inter-batch coefficients of variation (CV) were also studied. Fifty-one CSF samples from 36 age-matched patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HS) (n=30), ischemic stroke (IS) (n=11) and healthy individuals (n=10) were assayed. In addition, serum samples from healthy volunteers (n=47), 68 serum samples from seven patients with HS, 106 serum samples from 12 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 68 serum samples from 68 patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) were also analyzed.NFM was identified in the chromatographic fraction with highest immunoreactivity. The intra- and inter-batch CVs were ≤10% and ≤13%, respectively. The CSF-NFM concentration in HS was significantly higher (p<0.0001) than in IS and controls. Serum NFM concentration ranged from 0.26 to 8.57 ng/mL in healthy individuals (median=2.29), from 0.97 to 42.4 ng/mL in HS (median=10.8) and from 3.48 to 45.4 ng/mL in TBI (median=14.7). Finally, 44% of patients with mTBI had increased NFM concentration, with significantly higher levels (p=0.01) in patients with polytrauma.To our knowledge this is the first study describing increased NFM levels in CSF and serum from patients with brain damage.
La Zone: In/habitation in the Itinerant City
Authors: Patchett Emma 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAcknowledging that urban spaces are an amalgamation of multiple normative orders, the city will be explored as a site of encounter through a spatio-legal reading of the biography of Django (Dregni 2004) about life in La Zone, a conflux of shanty towns on the ramparts of Paris. Drawing on interlegality and a Foucauldian reading of space, chaotic refractions of counter-hegemonic practices are evoked through a close reading of Django’s experiences in this peripheral ‘no-man’s land’. Such spaces demand an alternative reading whereby, rather than emphasising exclusion, they can be seen to actually infiltrate the protected city and define its ongoing lawscape.
Generalized conjugate graph
Authors: Erfanian Ahmad , Mansoori Farzaneh , Tolue Behnaz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Let G be a finite group. In this paper we introduce the generalized conjugate graph Γ(G,n)

c
which is a graph whose vertices are all the non-central subsets of G with n elements and two distinct vertices X and Y joined by an edge if X = Yg
for some g ∈ G. General properties of the graph such as the number of edges, clique, chromatic, dominating, independence numbers, automorphism and energy of the graph are discussed. We also present a condition under which two generalized conjugate graphs are isomorphic. Moreover, the generalized conjugate graph is a key to define the probability that two subsets of the group G with the same cardinality are conjugate. We obtain some upper and lower bounds for this probability.
When core competence is not enough: functional interplay of the DEAD-box helicase core with ancillary domains and auxiliary factors in RNA binding and unwinding
Authors: Rudolph Markus G. , Klostermeier Dagmar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
DEAD-box helicases catalyze RNA duplex unwinding in an ATP-dependent reaction. Members of the DEAD-box helicase family consist of a common helicase core formed by two RecA-like domains. According to the current mechanistic model for DEAD-box mediated RNA unwinding, binding of RNA and ATP triggers a conformational change of the helicase core, and leads to formation of a compact, closed state. In the closed conformation, the two parts of the active site for ATP hydrolysis and of the RNA binding site, residing on the two RecA domains, become aligned. Closing of the helicase core is coupled to a deformation of the RNA backbone and destabilization of the RNA duplex, allowing for dissociation of one of the strands. The second strand remains bound to the helicase core until ATP hydrolysis and product release lead to re-opening of the core. The concomitant disruption of the RNA binding site causes dissociation of the second strand. The activity of the helicase core can be modulated by interaction partners, and by flanking N- and C-terminal domains. A number of C-terminal flanking regions have been implicated in RNA binding: RNA recognition motifs (RRM) typically mediate sequence-specific RNA binding, whereas positively charged, unstructured regions provide binding sites for structured RNA, without sequence-specificity. Interaction partners modulate RNA binding to the core, or bind to RNA regions emanating from the core. The functional interplay of the helicase core and ancillary domains or interaction partners in RNA binding and unwinding is not entirely understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge on RNA binding to the DEAD-box helicase core and the roles of ancillary domains and interaction partners in RNA binding and unwinding by DEAD-box proteins.
Surrogate Endpoint Evaluation: Principal Stratification Criteria and the Prentice Definition
Authors: Gilbert Peter B. , Gabriel Erin E. , Huang Ying , Chan Ivan S.F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA common problem of interest within a randomized clinical trial is the evaluation of an inexpensive response endpoint as a valid surrogate endpoint for a clinical endpoint, where a chief purpose of a valid surrogate is to provide a way to make correct inferences on clinical treatment effects in future studies without needing to collect the clinical endpoint data. Within the principal stratification framework for addressing this problem based on data from a single randomized clinical efficacy trial, a variety of definitions and criteria for a good surrogate endpoint have been proposed, all based on or closely related to the “principal effects” or “causal effect predictiveness (CEP)” surface. We discuss CEP-based criteria for a useful surrogate endpoint, including (1) the meaning and relative importance of proposed criteria including average causal necessity (ACN), average causal sufficiency (ACS), and large clinical effect modification; (2) the relationship between these criteria and the Prentice definition of a valid surrogate endpoint; and (3) the relationship between these criteria and the consistency criterion (i.e. assurance against the “surrogate paradox”). This includes the result that ACN plus a strong version of ACS generally do not imply the Prentice definition nor the consistency criterion, but they do have these implications in special cases. Moreover, the converse does not hold except in a special case with a binary candidate surrogate. The results highlight that assumptions about the treatment effect on the clinical endpoint before the candidate surrogate is measured are influential for the ability to draw conclusions about the Prentice definition or consistency. In addition, we emphasize that in some scenarios that occur commonly in practice, the principal strata subpopulations for inference are identifiable from the observable data, in which cases the principal stratification framework has relatively high utility for the purpose of effect modification analysis and is closely connected to the treatment marker selection problem. The results are illustrated with application to a vaccine efficacy trial, where ACN and ACS for an antibody marker are found to be consistent with the data and hence support the Prentice definition and consistency.
Stochastic simulation of fluctuation-induced reaction-diffusion kinetics governed by Smoluchowski equations
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K. , Levykin Alexander I. , Kireeva Anastasiya E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A stochastic algorithm for simulation of fluctuation-induced reaction-diffusion kinetics
is presented and further developed following our previous study [J. Math. Chem. (2015), DOI 10.1007/s10910-014-0446-6] where this method was used
to describe the annihilation of spatially separate electrons and holes in a disordered semiconductor.
This model is based on the spatially inhomogeneous, nonlinear Smoluchowski equations with random initial distribution density.
Here we focus on the spatial distribution of the reactants, and study the segregation effect which we
have found under certain reaction conditions. In addition, to extend simulations on large
samples we implemented the method in the cellular-automata framework
interpreted as a stochastic interacting particles system in discrete
but randomly progressed time instances. We have suggested a first passage time technique to characterize the clustering of electrons and holes,
which seems to be quite convenient and informative instrument also in more general processes when there is a need to analyze
the segregation phenomena.
Reference correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of fluids over an extended range of conditions: hexane in the vapor, liquid, and supercritical regions (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Perkins Richard A. , Huber Marcia L. , Assael Marc J. , Mihailidou Efthimia K. , Mylona Sofia K. , Sykioti Evita A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article summarizes the correlation procedures developed for IUPAC Project 2012-040-1-100 [Reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of fluids over extended range of conditions (vapor, liquid and supercritical regions)]. This project is focused on the development of wide-range reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of fluids that incorporate as much theoretical knowledge of these properties as possible. The thermal conductivity and viscosity correlations developed here for pure fluids are functions of temperature and density. The best available equations of state for a given fluid are used to calculate the thermodynamic properties required for these correlations, often from measured temperatures and pressures. The correlation methodology developed during this project has been applied to hexane in this report but can be applied to any pure fluid with a reliable equation of state and reliable data for the thermal conductivity and viscosity over a significant range of temperatures and densities.
The Relevance of Maintenance and Monitoring in Architectural Conservation
Authors: Elena Charola A. , Henriques Fernando M. A. , Magadán Marcelo L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Italian standards, formerly NORMAL, define Extraordinary Maintenance as those where a major intervention on the building is carried out, usually referred to as a conservation intervention. These receive much attention from the media thus prompting the interest of NGO and for non-profit organizations which take an interest in funding such projects. Conservation interventions are critical for the preservation of our architectural heritage;however, the trigger for their undertaking, as well as their timing, is mainly determined by political interests. Because of the lack of ordinary maintenance, conservation interventions have to address heightened material deterioration problems thus increasing the complexity and invasiveness of the required operations, as well as an overall higher cost. The most worrisome issue is that once the intervention is completed, the building or monument is considered as being in a stable condition and not requiring any further action. Only in few cases is the most ordinary maintenance regularly carried out but what is neglected is the monitoring, the early identification of those “symptoms” revealing that a problem is present and should be addressed before more damage occurs. The paper uses various examples to illustrate the above points.
Subjective Sensation of Color Differences – Determination of Thresholds Depending on Color Tones and Resolution
Authors: Brischke Christian , Borcharding Tanja , Mengel Uta 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Colors are frequently defined by three points on the L*a*b* coordinates of the CIELAB color space, and the distance between two colors can be expressed as the total color difference ΔE. In particular with respect to reproducibility of print media color differences are an important parameter, as well as for car finishes and textile dyes. Color changes are also the result of ageing and weathering which is an issue for art objects and in the building and restoration sector. However, the subjective perceptibility of color differences depends on numerous factors and general thresholds are difficult to define. This study aimed therefore on defining tolerance levels for color changes in dependence of color tones and color tone combinations as well as their resolution. In total 30 test persons evaluated samples, which had been painted with acrylic artist colors with defined color differences (ΔE = 0–7). The test subjects realized color differences already at ΔE = 1–4 for the highest resolution. Threshold values have been identified for different tones as well as the effect of interdependencies between tones and the level of color heterogeneity between adjacent areas.
Productivity and unemployment: a scale-by-scale panel data analysis for the G7 countries
Authors: Gallegati Marco , Gallegati Mauro , Ramsey James B. , Semmler Willi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDoes productivity growth increase or reduce unemployment? Theoretical and empirical analyses have generally provided mixed results. In this paper we analyze the empirical relationship between productivity and unemployment over different time frames using wavelet analysis. The scale-by-scale results from panel data and nonparametric regressions methods indicate that productivity-unemployment relationship is scale-dependent, that is changes over different time horizons. Specifically, productivity growth creates unemployment in the short and medium terms, but employment in the long run.
Electrical Conductivity of Molten ZnCl2 at Temperature as High as 1421 K
Authors: Salyulev Alexander B. , Potapov Alexei M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of molten ZnCl2 was measured in a wide temperature range (ΔT=863 K) to a temperature as high as 1421 K that is 417 degrees above the boiling point of the salt. At the temperature maximum of the own vapor pressure of the salt reached several megapascals.
Classification of Parameters Affecting Impact Resistance of Natural Stones
Authors: Sarıışık G. , Özkan E. , Kundak E. , Akdaş H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This study used various test methods to analyze the impact resistance of marble, limestone, and travertine to determine their breaking potential when they are used for interior and exterior floor covering. A total of 17 kinds of natural rocks (7 marbles, 5 travertines, and 5 limestones) were categorized according to their commonly used geological formations and were subjected to various characterization tests (mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, chemical properties, as well as physical and mechanical properties). The rupture energy caused by an impact on natural rocks was determined according to the BS EN 14158 standard, whereas restitution coefficients were determined according to the BS EN ISO 10545-5 standard. The impact resistance, rupture energy, and restitution coefficient of polished natural stone plates that were used in the tests were statistically analyzed. The parameters that affected these variables of natural rocks were plate thickness, mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, and physical and mechanical properties. Finally, the potential fractures of the specimens were classified based on impact resistance, rupture energy, and restitution coefficient.
Impacts of a Multi-University REU Program
Authors: Barry Carol , Isaacs Jacqueline , Miller Glen , Alpert Carol Lynn 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTFor nine years, an REU program placed over 200 undergraduate researchers at Northeastern University, the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and the University of New Hampshire through the NSF-funded Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing. The cross-university professional development program included university-based research skills, communication skills with the Boston Museum of Science, and a unique method for researcher evaluation of the societal impact of their decisions. This work presents the impacts of this research program as measured at program end, along with the career progress of the REU participants, recent interviews with REU participants, and reflections by REU program leaders.