bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relict soil evidence for post-Miocene aridification in the Atacama Desert of South America
Authors: Amundson Ronald , Heimsath Arjun , Jungers Matt , Balan Simona , Ebeling Angela , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Ewing Stephanie , Shuster David , Caffee Marc W. , Pfeiffer Marco , Dietrich William E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Deep exposures of soil profiles on Miocene or Mio-Pliocene alluvial deposits were studied along a 500 km N-S transect in the Atacama Desert. These ancient deposits, with excellent surface preservation, now stand many meters above a broad incised Plio-Pleistocene alluvial terrain. Total geochemical analyses and mass balance calculations allowed the establishment of elemental gains, losses, and redistribution in the soils. From north to south (presently hyperarid to arid), the ancient soils reveal an increase in losses of rock-forming elements (Si, Al, Fe, K, Mg). Additionally, rare earth elements (REE) show losses with increasing southerly latitude and systematic patterns with soil depth. Some REEs appear to be unique chemical tracers of exogenous dust and aerosol additions to the soils. The removal of major elements and REEs is impossible in the present climate (one of salt and dust accumulation), revealing that for a significant period following the deposition of the alluvium, soils were exposed to rainfall, chemical weathering, and mass loss—with a geographical pattern that mirrors the present rainfall gradient in the region. Following the cessation of weathering, the pre-weathered soils have undergone enormous dust and salt accumulations, with the rates and types of salt accumulation consistent with latitude: (1) carbonate in the south and (2) sulfate, chlorides, and nitrates to the north. The quantity, and apparent rates, of salt accumulation have a strong latitudinal trend. Isotopes of sulfate have predictable depth patterns based on isotope fractionation via vertical reaction and transport. The relict hyperarid soils are geochemically similar to buried Miocene soils (ca. 10–9 Ma) in the region, but they differ from older Miocene soils, which formed in more humid conditions. The overall soil record for the Atacama Desert appears to be the product of changes in Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures over time, and resulting changes in rainfall. The mid-Miocene was relatively humid based on buried soil chemistry and evidence of fluvial activity. The mid to late Miocene cooling (ca. 10–5.5 Ma) appears to have aridified the region based on paleosol soil chemistry. Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene conditions caused weathering of the relict soils examined here, and regional fluvial activity. Since the earliest Pleistocene, the region has largely experienced the accumulation of salts and, except for smaller scale oscillations (glacial-interglacial), has experienced protracted hyperaridity.
Unraveling the enigma: FATWO and its clinicopathologic implications
Authors: Khastgir Gaurav , Siwatch Sujata , Jain Vanita , Gupta Nalini 
Published: July 2024

Female Adnexal Tumour of probable Wolffian Origin (FATWO) is a rare gynaecological neoplasm of low malignant potential believed to originate from mesonephric remnants. Its rarity, non-specific presentation, histological heterogeneity and ill-defined radiological features make diagnosing them challenging.A female in her 60s presented with history of lower abdominal pain for 2 years. Her gynaecological history was unremarkable, with smooth menopausal transition. Pelvic examination revealed a firm, solid mass in the right adnexa. Imaging was suggestive of a right adnexal mass measuring 6×9×7 cm. She underwent staging laparotomy thereafter. Intraoperatively, an 8×8 cm solid, fibrous mass was noted. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed tumour cells with focal gyriform pattern positive for calretinin and WT-1 (Wilms Tumour -1) leading to a diagnosis of FATWO. She was kept on regular follow-up and no manifestations of recurrence were noted. Five years later, she is doing well.
Characterising the refractive error in paediatric patients with congenital stationary night blindness: a multicentre study
Authors: Igelman Austin D , White Elizabeth , Tayyib Alaa , Everett Lesley , Vincent Ajoy , Heon Elise , Zeitz Christina , Michaelides Michel , Mahroo Omar A , Katta Mohamed , Webster Andrew , Preising Markus , Lorenz Birgit , Khateb Samer , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror , Luski Shahar , Van Den Broeck Filip , Leroy Bart Peter , De Baere Elfride , Walraedt Sophie , Stingl Katarina , Kuehlewein Laura , Kohl Susanne , Reith Milda , Fulton Anne , Raghuram Aparna , Meunier Isabelle , Dollfus Hélène , Aleman Tomas S , Bedoukian Emma C , O'Neil Erin C , Krauss Emily , Vincent Andrea , Jordan Charlotte , Iannaccone Alessandro , Sen Parveen , Sundaramurthy Srilekha , Nagasamy Soumittra , Balikova Irina , Casteels Ingele , Borooah Shyamanga , Yassin Shaden , Nagiel Aaron , Schwartz Hillary , Zanlonghi Xavier , Gottlob Irene , McLean Rebecca J , Munier Francis L , Stephenson Andrew , Sisk Robert , Koenekoop Robert , Wilson Lorri B , Fredrick Douglas , Choi Dongseok , Yang Paul , Pennesi Mark Edward 
Published: July 2024

Background/Aaims

Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is an inherited retinal disease that is often associated with high myopia and can be caused by pathological variants in multiple genes, most commonly
CACNA1F
,
NYX
and
TRPM1
. High myopia is associated with retinal degeneration and increased risk for retinal detachment. Slowing the progression of myopia in patients with CSNB would likely be beneficial in reducing risk, but before interventions can be considered, it is important to understand the natural history of myopic progression.

Methods

This multicentre, retrospective study explored CSNB caused by variants in
CACNA1F
,
NYX
or
TRPM1
in patients who had at least 6 measurements of their spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) before the age of 18. A mixed-effect model was used to predict progression of SER overtime and differences between genotypes were evaluated.

Results

78 individuals were included in this study. All genotypes showed a significant myopic predicted SER at birth (−3.076D, −5.511D and −5.386D) for
CACNA1F
,
NYX
and
TRPM1
respectively. Additionally, significant progression of myopia per year (−0.254D, −0.257D and −0.326D) was observed for all three genotypes
CACNA1F
,
NYX
and
TRPM1
, respectively.

Conclusions
Patients with CSNB tend to be myopic from an early age and progress to become more myopic with age. Patients may benefit from long-term myopia slowing treatment in the future and further studies are indicated. Additionally, CSNB should be considered in the differential diagnosis for early-onset myopia.
False claims of equivalence in the neurosurgical trauma literature: prevalence and associated factors—a systematic review protocol
Authors: Oliveira Júnior André Luiz Freitas , Oliveira João Vitor Miranda Porto , Kolias Angelos G , Paiva Wellingson S , Fontoura Solla Davi Jorge 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionResearch quality within the neurosurgical field remains suboptimal. Therefore, many studies published in the neurosurgical literature lack enough statistical power to establish the presence or absence of clinically important differences between treatment arms. The field of neurotrauma deals with additional challenges, with fewer financial incentives and restricted resources in low-income and middle-income countries with the highest burden of neurotrauma diseases. In this systematic review, we aim to estimate the prevalence of false claims of equivalence in the neurosurgical trauma literature and identify its predictive factors.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses recommendations were followed. Randomised clinical trials that enrolled only traumatic brain injury patients and investigated any type of intervention (surgical or non-surgical) will be eligible for inclusion. The MEDLINE/PubMed database will be searched for articles in English published from January 1960 to July 2020 in 15 top-ranked journals. A false claim of equivalence will be identified by insufficient power to detect a clinically meaningful effect: for categorical outcomes, a difference of at least 25% and 50%, and for continuous outcomes, a Cohen’sdof at least 0.5 and 0.8. Using the number of patients in each treatment arm and the minimum effect sizes to be detected, the power of each study will be calculated with the assumption of a two-tailed alpha that equals 0.05. Standardised differences between the groups with and without a false claim of equivalence will be calculated, and the variables with a standardised difference equal or above 0.2 and 0.5 will be considered weakly and strongly associated with false claims of equivalence, respectively. The data analysis will be blinded to the authors and institutions of the studies.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not involve primary data collection. Therefore, formal ethical approval will not be required. The final systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at appropriate conferences.
Delirium in neonates and infants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Shon Soonyoung , Shim Mi-So , Kang Minkyung , Kim Inah 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionDelirium in neonates and infants is difficult to screen or assess because of their different developmental features and distinct delirium characteristics compared with those of older children. Some delirium management strategies, including assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and prevention strategies, have been previously suggested for paediatric delirium. However, whether these strategies are effective for delirium in neonates and infants is unclear. This scoping review aims to explore comprehensive information on delirium in neonates and infants, such as the features of delirium, factors related to delirium, and current assessments and interventions in neonates and infants.Methods and analysisThis study will be based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping review protocol development and follow each stage of the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Research questions regarding delirium management in neonates and infants will be specified. A wide range of databases, including MEDLINE, EBSCO, Embase and the Cochrane Library, using optimised terms will be searched from 2004 to 2024. The summarised results will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension of the Scoping Reviews checklist.Ethics and disseminationSince this study will review and summarise published scientific literature, ethical approval is not required. The results of this scoping review will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. The study findings will be disseminated through seminars for experts so that they can be reflected in practice.
Level of dietary diversity score and its predictors among children aged 6–23 months: a linear mixed model analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Mohammed Osman Ahmed , Mare Kusse Urmale 
Published: July 2024

Background
The dietary diversity score (DDS) of children is one of the indicators as part of infant and young child feeding practices. This study aimed to assess the level of DDS and its determinants among Ethiopian children aged 6–23 months.

Methods
This study analysed retrospective cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 1511 children aged 6–23 months after extracting it from the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019. A a linear mixed model was fitted and expressed as adjusted beta coefficients with a 95% CI. Finally, predictors with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Measures of variation were explained by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and model fitness was determined using the Akaike information criterion.

Result
The mean (±SD) DDS of children was 2.8 (±1.5). Only 56.3%, 13.4% and 11.6% of children met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity score and minimum acceptable diet, respectively. The full model ICC was 0.266, which implied that 26.6% of the total variance of DDS among children was attributed to the differences between clusters. For a 1-month increase in the child’s age, the DDS of children will increase by 0.016 units, holding all other variables constant. Also, for every 1-year increase in maternal education, a 0.057-unit increase in the DDS of children is predicted. Children from wealthy families, having mothers who have had media exposure, meeting MMF and taking fewer than 30 min to reach a nearby water supply have been proven to increase the DDS.

Conclusion
In Ethiopia, the DDS of children is very low. To improve DDS enhancing maternal literacy, revenue production activities, media exposure and access to water sources should be prioritised. The significance of feeding children regularly throughout the day should be emphasised.
Cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study of 113 patients (CogniMOG-Study)
Authors: Passoke Sarah , Stern Carlotta , Häußler Vivien , Kümpfel Tania , Havla Joachim , Engels Daniel , Jarius Sven , Wildemann Brigitte , Korporal-Kuhnke Mirjam , Senel Makbule , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Warnke Clemens , Grothe Matthias , Schülke Rasmus , Gingele Stefan , Kretschmer Julian Reza , Klotz Luisa , Walter Annette , Then Bergh Florian , Aktas Orhan , Ringelstein Marius , Ayzenberg Ilya , Schwake Carolin , Kleiter Ingo , Sperber Pia Sophie , Rust Rebekka , Schindler Patrick , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Paul Friedemann , Kopp Bruno , Trebst Corinna , Hümmert Martin W 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundData on cognition in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are limited to studies with small sample sizes. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the extent, characteristics and the longitudinal course of potential cognitive deficits in patients with MOGAD.MethodsThe CogniMOG-Study is a prospective, longitudinal and multicentre observational study of 113 patients with MOGAD. Individual cognitive performance was assessed using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Multiple Sclerosis Inventory Cognition (MuSIC), which are standardised against normative data from healthy controls. Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-up assessments. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse demographic and clinical predictors of cognitive deficits identified in previous correlation analyses.ResultsAt baseline, the study sample of MOGAD patients showed impaired standardised performance on MuSIC semantic fluency (mean=−0.29, 95% CI (−0.47 to −0.12)) and MuSIC congruent speed (mean=−0.73, 95% CI (−1.23 to −0.23)). Around 1 in 10 patients showed deficits in two or more cognitive measures (11%). No decline in cognition was observed during the 1-year and 2-year follow-up period. Cerebral lesions were found to be negatively predictive for SDMT (B=−8.85, 95% CI (−13.57 to −4.14)) and MuSIC semantic fluency (B=−4.17, 95% CI (−6.10 to −2.25)) test performance.ConclusionsBased on these data, we conclude that MOGAD patients show reduced visuomotor processing speed and semantic fluency to the extent that the disease burden includes cerebral lesions.
Effects of exposure to snus marketing with versus without modified risk tobacco product claims on snus use intention and perceived harm among young adults
Authors: Whaley Reid C , Vogel Erin A , Clementel Ariana Coba , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L , McConnell Rob , Liu Feifei , Sussman Steve , Harlow Alyssa F , Unger Jennifer B , Tackett Alayna P , Leventhal Adam M 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundWe tested whether snus marketing with modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims: (a) promotes accurate knowledge about snus’s health effects in young adults and (b) encourages use intentions in only those who use combustible tobacco without attracting other young adult populations.MethodsA randomised between-subjects experiment was embedded in a 2020 web survey of participants from Los Angeles (aged 19–23 years). Participants viewed mass-marketed snus advertising materials with (n=1212) vs without (n=1225) US Food and Drug Administration-authorised MRTP claims. After advertising exposure, snus use intention and perceptions of snus harms relative to cigarettes or e-cigarettes were measured.ResultsAdvertisements with versus without MRTP claims did not affect snus use intention (18.0% vs 19.4%) but produced a higher prevalence of perceptions that snus was less harmful than cigarettes (12.6% vs 9.1%; p=0.007) and e-cigarettes (8.0% vs 5.8%; p=0.04). MRTP claim exposure effects did not differ by past 30-day e-cigarette or combustible tobacco use. Snus use intentions after marketing exposure, collapsed across MRTP claim conditions, were higher in those who did versus did not report past 30-day use of e-cigarettes (38.4% vs 14.3%; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.95 (2.28 to 3.81); p<0.001) or combustible tobacco (44.0% vs 16.2%; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.26 (1.62 to 3.16); p<0.001).ConclusionAlthough some young adults who vape or smoke may have snus use intentions, snus MRTP claims might not affect young adults’ snus use intentions, regardless of whether they vape/smoke. MRTP claims might modestly increase the accuracy of perceived harms of snus relative to cigarettes while also slightly causing unsubstantiated perceptions of lower harm than e-cigarettes.
Automorphisms of ℂ2 with cycles of escaping Fatou components with hyperbolic limit sets
Authors: Beltrami Veronica 
Published: July 2024

We study the stable dynamics of non-polynomial automorphisms of [Formula: see text], more precisely we construct a special class of transcendental Hénon maps of the form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] a natural number and [Formula: see text]. One of the points of greatest interest is that we get a combinatorial dynamic behavior, indeed there are cycles of escaping Fatou components where the dynamics vary depending on whether [Formula: see text] is even or odd. Moreover, we have two distinct limit functions on each cycle, both of which have generic rank 1. Additionally, each Fatou component in each cycle has two disjoint and hyperbolic limit sets on the line at infinity, with the exception of the Fatou components belonging to the short cycle of period [Formula: see text] (that occurs if [Formula: see text] is odd) which have the same hyperbolic limit set.
Controlling the Period-Bubbling Route to Chaos
Authors: Deb Purbasha , Layek G. C. 
Published: July 2024

We describe the period-bubbling attractors, their generation mechanism and chaos control strategy in nonlinear, unidimensional and two-parameter-dependent discrete maps. A theorem for the occurrence of sequential period-bubbling attractors leading to chaos, is presented. It delineates the role of a geometric parameter in the formation of anti-monotonic periodic sequences of each iterate of such discrete maps. The appearances of different period bubbles in two distinct Gaussian and cubic maps are demonstrated in accordance to the theorem. The delimited chaos through period-bubbling route is suppressed by employing linear density feedback with a proportional constant. The study discloses that the period-bubbling transitional route in unidimensional map cannot be suppressed by adopting constant feedback, which is in contrast to the control of period-doubling route to chaos. In Gaussian and cubic maps, the period-bubbling routes to chaos are gradually collapsed for linear density feedbacks, with the enhancements of the feedback strength parameter k. Interestingly, at [Formula: see text], the feedback-influenced Gaussian map experiences tangent bifurcation and chaos can re-enter into its dynamics through that scenario for [Formula: see text]. The tangent bifurcation in the feedback-affected Gaussian map is explained mathematically. However, no such transitional exchange has been perceived in cubic map, for augmented values of the feedback strength parameter.
AMPK Attenuation of β-Adrenergic Receptor-Induced Cardiac Injury via Phosphorylation of β-Arrestin-1-ser330
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Cao Ning , Gu Huijun , Xu Jiachao , Xu Wenli , Zhang Di , Wei Tong-You Wade , Wang Kang , Guo Ruiping , Cui Hongtu , Wang Xiaofeng , Guo Xin , Li Zhiyuan , He Kangmin , Li Zijian , Zhang Youyi , Shyy John Y.-J. , Dong Erdan , Xiao Han 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) overactivation is a major pathological cue associated with cardiac injury and diseases. AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a conserved energy sensor, regulates energy metabolism and is cardioprotective. However, whether AMPK exerts cardioprotective effects via regulating the signaling pathway downstream of β-AR remains unclear.

METHODS:
Using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, site-specific mutation, in vitro kinase assay, and in vivo animal studies, we determined whether AMPK phosphorylates β-arrestin-1 at serine (Ser) 330. Wild-type mice and mice with site-specific mutagenesis (S330A knock-in [KI]/S330D KI) were subcutaneously injected with the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (5 mg/kg) to evaluate the causality between β-adrenergic insult and β-arrestin-1 Ser330 phosphorylation. Cardiac transcriptomics was used to identify changes in gene expression from β-arrestin-1-S330A/S330D mutation and β-adrenergic insult.

RESULTS:
Metformin could decrease cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A) signaling induced by isoproterenol. AMPK bound to β-arrestin-1 and phosphorylated Ser330 with the highest phosphorylated mass spectrometry score. AMPK activation promoted β-arrestin-1 Ser330 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes overexpressing β-arrestin-1-S330D (active form) inhibited the β-AR/cAMP/PKA axis by increasing PDE (phosphodiesterase) 4 expression and activity. Cardiac transcriptomics revealed that the differentially expressed genes between isoproterenol-treated S330A KI and S330D KI mice were mainly involved in immune processes and inflammatory response. β-arrestin-1 Ser330 phosphorylation inhibited isoproterenol-induced reactive oxygen species production and NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome activation in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. In S330D KI mice, the β-AR–activated cAMP/PKA pathways were attenuated, leading to repressed inflammasome activation, reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and mitigated macrophage infiltration. Compared with S330A KI mice, S330D KI mice showed diminished cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function upon isoproterenol exposure. However, the cardiac protection exerted by AMPK was abolished in S330A KI mice.

CONCLUSIONS:
AMPK phosphorylation of β-arrestin-1 Ser330 potentiated PDE4 expression and activity, thereby inhibiting β-AR/cAMP/PKA activation. Subsequently, β-arrestin-1 Ser330 phosphorylation blocks β-AR–induced cardiac inflammasome activation and remodeling.