bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent growth experiences of Asian tigers: where does India stand?
Authors: Arora Rashmi Umesh , Ratnasiri Shyama 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The four Asian tigers, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan (also called Four Dragons) experienced miraculous high growth rates in the pre-1990s period and rapidly transformed their economic status from less developed “basket cases” to developed high-income countries gaining entry to the rich OECD club of countries. These countries even in the post-1990s, barring few years, have continued to grow further and are an inspiring role model for the newly emerging economies. The purpose of this paper is to adduce certain trends in these countries since the 1990s and specifically examine role of human capital and knowledge building, productivity convergence and intra-regional trade in the Asian tigers’. The authors examine these in the context of India.Design/methodology/approach– The paper in a simple descriptive yet analytical approach explores the relevance of above factors in the Indian context.Findings– The study observed that India ranks far below the Asian tigers in the knowledge economy index (KEI). The results at the sub-national level showed large disparities across the states in knowledge economy reflecting country’s difficulties in catching up with other countries overall. Regarding labour productivity, the results show that India was moving away from the benchmark country until 1990 (pre-reform period) and started catching up particularly due to physical capital (not necessarily human capital) since 1995 onwards.Originality/value– The study is unique due to several reasons. First, it contributes to the literature examining contemporaneous Asian tigers and Indian economies performance as not many studies exist in this area. Second, the study also builds a unique first ever KEI at the sub-national level for India and is, therefore, a contribution in this respect. Finally, the study also contributes to the literature on Indian economic development.
Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) – where do we go from here?
Authors: Lennard Chris 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to give a brief background to the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS), and studies which factors Best Interests Assessors consider when making a judgement on Deprivation of Liberty. It examines some of the reasons why professionals may be under-using DoLS, including lack of knowledge, complex processes and paperwork, and the pejorative nature of the word “deprivation”, and looks at a possible way forward.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper looks at the evidence to the House of Commons and House of Lords Committees on the Mental Health Act and Mental Capacity Act, as well as previous and current research papers. It examines the nuances of difference between restriction and deprivation, and the cumulative impact of several restrictions, which may, in fact, amount to a deprivation, illustrated by case studies from the author's own practice.

Findings
– It makes the case that health and social care professionals should err on the side of caution, by making precautionary DoLS applications, arguing that MCA DoLS is a forerunner of good practice, and that good care planning allied to judicious application of the MCA leads to better, more robust and more defensible decision making.

Originality/value
– And it points the way to a possible future, citing the recommendations of the Select Committee on the MCA for a clearer link between DoLS and the principles underpinning the MCA, and for simplifying and clarifying the legislative provisions and the associated paperwork.
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) – its relevance to forensic adolescent services
Authors: Gralton Ernest 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– There needs to be an increased recognition of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in services that deal with young people with disruptive and offending behavior, not just those services that deal with adolescents with a recognized intellectual disability. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a general review of the current available evidence on FASD and how it is likely to predispose affected young people to have contact with secure mental health services and the criminal justice system.

Findings
– FASD is likely to have become a more common cause of intellectual disability and behavioral disturbance but the history of significant alcohol exposure in utero if often missed. There is evidence that the hyperactivity is less responsive to psychotropic medication and may represent a different condition to conventional ADHD. However the majority of those affected are in the low normal IQ range.

Research limitations/implications
– There is so far very limited research in what is likely to be a relatively common disorder with significant costs to criminal justice, mental healthcare and social services. Epidemiological information from the UK is lacking and urgently needed.

Practical implications
– Professionals who work with mentally disordered young people need to be more aware of FASD and its potential contribution to the problems and disabilities in their population.

Social implications
– Social workers, foster carers and adoptive parents need to be more aware of FASD and how it can contribute to the breakdown of social care.

Originality/value
– There is currently no other review of FASD and the implications for criminal justice, secure mental health and social care for young people.
Evaluation of product development partners using an integrated AHP-VIKOR model
Authors: Büyüközkan Gülçin , Görener Ali 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– Today, customers are generally perceived to be demanding higher quality and better performing products, in shorter and more predictable development cycle-times and at a lower cost. These market pressures drive firms to collaborate with possible partners in product development (PD) processes. However, the selection of a suitable partner for an effective PD is not an easy decision and is associated with complexity. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to effectively evaluate PD partners.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed evaluation procedure consists of several steps. First, based on a literature review and expert validation, the strategic main and sub-criteria of the PD partner selection process that companies consider the most important are identified. After constructing the evaluation criteria hierarchy, the criteria weights are calculated by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The VIKOR (a compromise ranking) method is used to obtain the final partner ranking results. A case study is given to demonstrate the potential of the methodology. In the last part of the study, a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the influence of criteria weights on the decision making process.Findings– The PD partner evaluation model contains three main criteria, namely, partner, collaboration and PD-oriented criteria, with 13 sub-criteria. The market position, competency of the partner, compatibility, technical expertise and complementarity are found as the most considerable evaluation criteria for the ABC case company. Results of the sensitivity analysis from different cases demonstrate that the integrated AHP-VIKOR model is quite sensitive to the weights assigned to the evaluation criteria. This finding underlines the importance of forming a capable, qualified group of experts for the decision-making procedure. The results of the empirical study show that the proposed evaluation framework is practical for solving partner selection problems.Originality/value– Partner selection is critical to the success of a collaborative PD process. The main contribution of this paper is the definition and development of an effective evaluation framework to guide managers for suitable PD partner selection. In our knowledge, there exists no study in the literature that combines the established AHP VIKOR model for PD partner selection problem. This study can be useful to researchers to better understand PD partner selection problem theoretically, as well as to organizations in designing better satisfying PD partner evaluation systems.
Assessing individual patterns ofEchinococcus multilocularisinfection in urban coyotes: non‐invasive genetic sampling as an epidemiological tool
Authors: Liccioli Stefano , Rogers Sean , Greco Claudia , Kutz Susan J. , Chan Florence , Ruckstuhl Kathreen E. , Massolo Alessandro 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn epidemiological studies of wildlife parasites, faecal genotyping has been introduced to prevent bias in estimates of parasite prevalence from faecal samples collected in the field. Such an approach could be particularly relevant in the study ofEchinococcus multilocularistransmission in urban settings, where estimates of prevalence and patterns of infection in wild canid hosts are key parameters used in zoonotic risk assessment and management. However, no previous study has evaluated the reliability ofE. multilocularisfaecal prevalence, and individual patterns of infection in definitive hosts remain poorly understood.We evaluated faecal genotyping as an epidemiological tool, usingE. multilocularisin urban coyotesCanis latransas our study system. Combining parasitological analysis and multilocus individual genotyping of coyote faeces, we compared faecal parasite prevalence with the prevalence obtained from genotyped faecal samples. Furthermore, we assessed patterns of individual infection, such as re‐infection rates and phenology of parasite egg excretion.Of 425 faeces collected in five urban sites, we genotyped 142 samples (33·4%) corresponding to 60 unique individual coyotes. Number of genotyped samples per coyote ranged between 1 and 10 (mean = 2·3). Genotypes were obtained at 4–6 microsatellite loci and had a mean reliability of 0·9975.Faecal prevalence ofE. multilocularisin genotyped coyotes was 25·0%, and similar to results previously obtained from non‐genotyped faeces. Faecal genotyping allowed estimating a re‐infection rate of individual coyotes of 57·1% and to observe temporal patterns of parasite infection that were not detected using non‐genotyped faeces.Synthesis and applications. If compared to independent data obtained through coyote post‐mortem examination, our results suggest that reliable estimates of overall parasite prevalence in definitive host populations can be efficiently obtained through well‐designed field collection and traditional faecal parasitological analysis. However, faecal genotyping allows assessing the dynamics of individual infections, which could otherwise only be estimated by using invasive techniques. Combining faecal genotyping with parasitology has a great potential in assessing zoonotic risk transmission in urban areas, as well as advancing the field of wildlife ecology, disease ecology and conservation.
Shifts in plant functional types have time‐dependent and regionally variable impacts on dryland ecosystem water balance
Authors: Bradford John B. , Schlaepfer Daniel R. , Lauenroth William K. , Burke Ingrid C. 
Published: January 2015

Summary

Terrestrial vegetation influences hydrologic cycling. In water‐limited, dryland ecosystems, altered ecohydrology as a consequence of vegetation change can impact vegetation structure, ecological functioning and ecosystem services. Shrub steppe ecosystems dominated by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) are widespread across western North America, and provide a range of ecosystem services. While sagebrush abundance in these ecosystems has been altered over the past century, and changes are likely to continue, the ecohydrological consequences of sagebrush removal and reestablishment remain unclear.

To characterize the immediate and medium‐term patterns of water cycling and availability following sagebrush plant community alteration, we applied the SOILWAT ecosystem water balance model to 898 sites across the distribution of sagebrush ecosystems, representing the three primary sagebrush ecosystem types: sagebrush shrublands, sagebrush steppe and montane sagebrush. At each site, we examined three vegetation conditions representing intact sagebrush, recently disturbed sagebrush and recovered but grass‐dominated vegetation.

Transition from shrub to grass dominance decreased precipitation interception and transpiration and increased soil evaporation and deep drainage. Relative to intact sagebrush vegetation, simulated soils in the herbaceous vegetation phases typically had drier surface layers and wetter deep layers.

Our simulations suggested that alterations in ecosystem water balance may be most pronounced in vegetation representing recently disturbed conditions (herbaceous vegetation with low biomass) and only modest in conditions representing recovered, but still grass‐dominated vegetation. Furthermore, the ecohydrological impact of simulated sagebrush removal depended on climate; while short‐term changes in water balance were greatest in wet areas represented by the montane sagebrush ecosystem type, medium‐term impacts were greatest in dry areas of sagebrush shrublands and sagebrush steppe.

Synthesis. This study provides a novel, regional‐scale assessment of how plant functional type transitions may impact ecosystem water balance in sagebrush‐dominated ecosystems of North America. Results illustrate that the ecohydrological consequences of changing vegetation depend strongly on climate and suggest that decreasing woody plant abundance may have only limited impact on evapotranspiration and water yield.
The use of coaching in occupational therapy: An integrative review
Authors: Kessler Dorothy , Graham Fiona 
Published: January 2015

Background/aimCoaching has been identified as a core enablement skill of occupational therapists. Occupational therapists have begun to embrace the use of coaching as a therapeutic tool to promote client‐centeredness in their practice. As the use of coaching becomes more popular it is important to examine and evaluate coaching use in occupational therapy practice to clarify what is meant by coaching and inform future research and practice in this area.MethodsAn integrative literature review was conducted to examine how coaching is being used by occupational therapists, identify the similarities and differences between coaching interventions and to identify the empirical evidence for the use of coaching in occupational therapy.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 24 articles describing 11 different interventions that reported use of coaching methods by occupational therapists with various populations. Similarities among interventions included goal setting, problem solving and an educational component. Differences in the directiveness of the occupational therapist were evident. The level of research evidence for individual interventions ranges from low to moderate.ConclusionsDifferences are evident in the coaching theories and methods used in occupational therapy. While evidence of effectiveness of these interventions is promising, study designs used to date are vulnerable to bias and have had small sample sizes, limiting the strength of evidence. More research using clear descriptions of the coaching approach and more robust research methods is needed to better inform clinical practice.
Assessing early communication skills at 12 months: a retrospective study of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Swain Nathaniel Robert , Eadie Patricia Ann , Prior Margot Ruth , Reilly Sheena 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is currently limited by the absence of reliable biological markers for the disorder, as well as the reliability of screening and assessment tools for children aged between 6 and 18 months. Ongoing research has demonstrated the importance of early social communication skills in differentiating children later diagnosed with ASD from their typically developing (TD) peers, but researchers have not yet investigated whether these differences can be detected using community‐ascertained systematic observation data as early as 12 months.AimsTo investigate whether differences in early social communication skills can be detected at 12 months of age, comparing children later diagnosed with ASD, and TD peers; and to determine whether differences remain when groupings are based on age of subsequent ASD diagnosis.Methods & ProceduresFrom a prospective community‐ascertained sample, we collected data on children in early life, then conducted retrospective analyses for those children who were later diagnosed with ASD by the age of 7 years, compared with matched TD peers. We analysed standardized observational data of early communication skills, collected using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales—Developmental Profile (CSBS‐DP) Behavior Sample, when participants were 12 months of age.Outcomes & ResultsChildren in the ASD group exhibited significantly lower social communication skills than the TD group, including on the Total score and Social and Symbolic Composite scores of the CSBS‐DP Behavior Sample. Differences on the Total score and Social Composite were also detected for both early and late ASD diagnosis groups when compared with the TD group.Conclusions & ImplicationsThese findings give further support for the importance of social communication in assessing children at risk of ASD as early as 12 months of age. Future research could evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of direct observation of these early communication skills as diagnostic indicators for ASD at 12 months, and investigate whether it is possible to distinguish between ASD and other high‐risk groups (e.g. developmental delay) at this age.
Isaac Watts and the Dimensions of Child Interiority
Authors: Wakely‐Mulroney Katherine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe pedagogy of Isaac Watts, a self‐styled devotee of Locke, is defined by a preoccupation with the dimensions and relative accessibility of human interiority. His instructional texts for children and adults centre on the transmission of information between the reader's interiorised self and the external world. While Watts's texts for adults stress the voluntary nature of this transmission, his texts for children suggest that the conduit between interior and exterior may be wilfully obstructed. Using the figure of the lying child, I explore the possibility that child interiority was, for Watts, an object of fear.
Characterisation of antagonistic Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains for biocontrol potential and suppression of damping‐off and root rot diseases
Authors: Khabbaz S.E. , Zhang L. , Cáceres L.A. , Sumarah M. , Wang A. , Abbasi P.A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNovel strains of rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf 9A‐14, Pseudomonas sp. Psp. 8D‐45 and Bacillus subtilis Bs 8B‐1, showed broad‐spectrum antagonistic activity and provided suppression of Pythium damping‐off and root rot of cucumber. Their biocontrol potential was further investigated for suppression of additional seedling diseases of cucumber (Phytophthora capsici) and radish (Rhizoctonia solani). Bacterial strains were also characterised for production of antibiotics, metabolites, volatiles, phytohormones and lytic enzymes. Seed and pre‐plant applications of all three antagonistic bacteria as cell suspension and talc or irradiated peat formulations to the infested potting mix provided overall high level of suppression of Phytophthora damping‐off and root rot of cucumber (66–85% healthy seedlings) and relatively low level of suppression of Rhizoctonia damping‐off of radish (18–38% healthy seedlings). Bacterial treatments also resulted in higher plant fresh masses. Seed coating with irradiated peat formulation of a mixture of three bacteria resulted in superior control of Phytophthora damping‐off and root rot of cucumber and much higher plant fresh masses. The presence of genes for biosynthesis of phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid, 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol, pyrrolnitrin and pyoluteorin was confirmed in Pseudomonas strains, and that of fengycin, bacillomycin, bacilysin, surfactin and iturin A in B. subtilis Bs 8B‐1. All three strains produced HCN, salicylic acid, indole‐3‐acetic acid, protease and β‐1,3‐glucanase. Both Pseudomonas strains produced siderophores and only P. fluorescens Pf 9A‐14 showed phosphate solubilisation and chitinase activity. All three strains inhibited pathogen growth by producing volatiles, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed eight compounds in Pf 9A‐14, 10 in Bs 8B‐1 and 4 in Psp 8D‐45, some with known antifungal activity. The antagonistic and plant‐growth promotion activities of these strains might be due to production of antibiotics, metabolites, lytic enzymes or phytohormones.
Towards soil management with Zn and Mn: estimates of fertilisation efficacy of Citrus trees
Authors: Hippler F.W.R. , Boaretto R.M. , Quaggio J.A. , Azevedo R.A. , Mattos D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNutrient management recommendations for fruit crops lack the understanding of the efficiency of soil fertilisation with manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), which could substitute, in part, the traditional foliar applications. Fruit yield of trees in response to Zn and Mn supply via soil may be limited either by sorption reactions with soil colloids or low solubility of fertilisers. We investigated the effects of fertiliser sources and rates of Mn and Zn applied to soils with different sorption capacities on nutrient uptake, biochemical responses and biomass of Citrus. Two experiments were carried out with 2‐year‐old sweet orange trees that received applications of Mn or Zn. The first experiment evaluated the application of Mn fertilisers (MnCO3 and MnSO4) at three levels of the nutrient (0, 0.7 and 3.5 g plant−1 of Mn) in two types of soil (18.1% and 64.4% of clay, referred to as sandy loam and clay soils, respectively). The second experiment, likewise, evaluated Zn fertilisers (ZnO and ZnSO4) and nutrient levels (0, 1.0 and 5.0 g plant−1 of Zn). Application of Mn and Zn increased nutrient availability in the soils as well as leaf nutrient concentrations in the trees. The lowest rates, 0.7 g plant−1 of Mn and 1.0 g plant−1 of Zn, both as sulphate, were sufficient to supply these micronutrients to sufficient levels in leaves, flowers and fruits. Metal toxicity to plants occurred with higher doses of both nutrients and to a large extent in the sandy soil. In this case, protein bands lower than 25 kDa were observed as well a decrease on leaf chlorophyll content. In the clay soil, despite increased micronutrient concentrations in the plant, responses were less pronounced because of higher adsorption of metals in the soil. Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) isoenzyme activity was determined by non‐denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The Cu/Zn‐SOD isoenzymes increased with increased Zn rates, but in contrast, when Mn was applied at the highest rate, the activity of Cu/Zn‐SODs decreased. The SOD activity pattern observed indicated increased production of superoxide and consequently an oxidative stress condition at the highest rates of Zn and Mn applied. The results demonstrated that the soil application of Mn and Zn can supply nutrient demands of orange trees, however the low solubility of fertilisers and the high sorption capacity of soils limit fertilisation efficiency. On the contrary, application of sulphate source in sandy soils may cause excess uptake of Mn and Zn and oxidative stress, which impairs the photosynthetic apparatus and consequently tree growth.