bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations of phenols and flavonoids in infusion of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) dried leaves during growth stages
Authors: Naser Aldeen Mohammad Ghiath , Mansoor Rita , AlJoubbeh Malak 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the total phenol content (TP) and total flavonoid content (TF) fluctuations in different infusions of lemon verbena. Dried leaves were harvested in May, July and October and prepared at various soaking times (5-20 min).

Design/methodology/approach
– The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine TP, while TF was determined by the aluminum chloride method.

Findings
– According to the results, the July harvest had the highest content of TP and TF, followed by May and October. Temperature and soaking time play a role in the proportion of released phenols and flavonoids (p
<
0.05), whereas the content in continuous infusion is higher than infusion (without boiling) .TP and TF in infusion increase until 20 min, while concentration is convergent in continuous infusion after10 minutes, where no significant difference is seen. In the flowering stage, TP is close in comparison with the vegetative stage.

Originality/value
– Harvest time plays a role in the content, so it is best to prepare infusion from lemon verbena before the flowering period, when people drink it, as the results show. According to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that studied the variation in phenol and flavonoid content during different stages of growth with soaking time in drenched lemon verbena leaves.
An analysis of Pseudomonas genomic diversity in take‐all infected wheat fields reveals the lasting impact of wheat cultivars on the soil microbiota
Authors: Mauchline T. H. , Chedom‐Fotso D. , Chandra G. , Samuels T. , Greenaway N. , Backhaus A. , McMillan V. , Canning G. , Powers S. J. , Hammond‐Kosack K. E. , Hirsch P. R. , Clark I. M. , Mehrabi Z. , Roworth J. , Burnell J. , Malone J. G. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryManipulation of the soil microbiota associated with crop plants has huge promise for the control of crop pathogens. However, to fully realize this potential we need a better understanding of the relationship between the soil environment and the genes and phenotypes that enable microbes to colonize plants and contribute to biocontrol. A recent 2 years of investigation into the effect of wheat variety on second year crop yield in the context of take‐all fungal infection presented the opportunity to examine soil microbiomes under closely defined field conditions. Amplicon sequencing of second year soil samples showed that Pseudomonas spp. were particularly affected by the wheat cultivar grown in year one. Consequently, 318 rhizosphere‐associated Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were isolated and characterized across a variety of genetic and phenotypic traits. Again, the wheat variety grown in the first year of the study was shown to exert considerable selective pressure on both the extent and nature of Pseudomonas genomic diversity. Furthermore, multiple significant correlations were identified within the phenotypic/genetic structure of the Pseudomonas population, and between individual genotypes and the external wheat field environment. The approach outlined here has considerable future potential for our understanding of plant–microbe interactions, and for the broader analysis of complex microbial communities.
Crop rotation of flooded rice with upland maize impacts the resident and active methanogenic microbial community
Authors: Breidenbach Björn , Blaser Martin B. , Klose Melanie , Conrad Ralf 
Published: September 2015

SummaryCrop rotation of flooded rice with upland crops is a common management scheme allowing the reduction of water consumption along with the reduction of methane emission. The introduction of an upland crop into the paddy rice ecosystem leads to dramatic changes in field conditions (oxygen availability, redox conditions). However, the impact of this practice on the archaeal and bacterial communities has scarcely been studied. Here, we provide a comprehensive study focusing on the crop rotation between flooded rice in the wet season and upland maize (RM) in the dry season in comparison with flooded rice (RR) in both seasons. The composition of the resident and active microbial communities was assessed by 454 pyrosequencing targeting the archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA. The archaeal community composition changed dramatically in the rotational fields indicated by a decrease of anaerobic methanogenic lineages and an increase of aerobic Thaumarchaeota. Members of Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinaceae, Methanosaetaceae and Methanocellaceae were equally suppressed in the rotational fields indicating influence on both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. On the contrary, members of soil crenarchaeotic group, mainly Candidatus Nitrososphaera, were higher in the rotational fields, possibly indicating increasing importance of ammonia oxidation during drainage. In contrast, minor effects on the bacterial community were observed. Acidobacteria and Anaeromyxobacter spp. were enriched in the rotational fields, whereas members of anaerobic Chloroflexi and sulfate‐reducing members of Deltaproteobacteria were found in higher abundance in the rice fields. Combining quantitative polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing data revealed increased ribosomal numbers per cell for methanogenic species during crop rotation. This stress response, however, did not allow the methanogenic community to recover in the rotational fields during re‐flooding and rice cultivation. In summary, the analyses showed that crop rotation with upland maize led to dramatic changes in the archaeal community composition whereas the bacterial community was only little affected.
Why such differing stances? A review of position statements on home birth from professional colleges
Authors: Roome S , Hartz D , Tracy S , Welsh AW 
Published: September 2015

Despite low rates of home birth throughout most Western countries, the topic generates considerable debate. This is reflected by the differing positions on home birth adopted by professional colleges representing obstetricians and midwives. We reviewed position statements of midwifery and obstetric colleges in the UK, USA, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada to explore how the same body of research evidence leads to different positions. Aside from a joint statement from the UK we found widely differing stances, reflecting traditional midwifery perspectives of birth as a physiological process versus obstetric perspectives of potential pathology. We feel the differences in position statements are largely the end product of significant confirmatory bias.Tweetable abstractReview of organisational position on home birth suggests bias in literature interpretation.
Oxytocin use during Caesarean sections in Denmark – are we getting the dose right?
Authors: Kjær B. N. , Krøigaard M. , Garvey L. H. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundIn Denmark, an iv bolus of 10 IU oxytocin was traditionally given after delivery to prevent atony during caesarean sections. Randomized controlled trials have shown that lower iv bolus doses have same efficacy with fewer side effects and many countries now recommend a 5 IU maximum dose. The aims of this study were to investigate whether patients referred for allergy testing after oxytocin exposure had dose‐related side effects to oxytocin rather than true allergic reactions and to investigate whether updated international recommendations on lower bolus doses had been implemented in practice.MethodsMedical notes of patients tested with oxytocin as part of investigations in the Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre from May 2004 to January 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. A telephone survey of on‐duty obstetricians at all Danish obstetric departments was performed and most recent online recommendations from the Danish societies of obstetrics and anaesthesia about the use of oxytocin were identified.ResultsIn total 30 women were tested with oxytocin as part of investigations. None were allergic to oxytocin but 19 had symptoms consistent with dose‐related side effects on iv provocation. The telephone survey revealed that iv doses of 10 IU oxytocin were still used and recommendations on the websites were not updated.ConclusionToo high oxytocin doses are still used in Denmark leading to dose‐related side effects mimicking allergic reactions. Coordination between obstetricians and anaesthesiologists on producing common updated guidelines on the administration of oxytocin and dissemination of this information to obstetric and anaesthetic departments in Denmark is needed.
Health of grey nomads: On the move and under the health sector radar
Authors: Raven Melissa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveGrey nomads – older people driving long distances recreationally and staying in caravans, tents or motor homes – are common on Australian highways. Although grey nomads report many benefits from their travels, there is anecdotal evidence that they impose a significant burden on rural/remote health services, including general practitioners, pharmacists and hospitals. There have been calls for better resourcing and service provision, but little reference to solid evidence on which to base this. This literature review is the first to integrate existing evidence for a health audience.SettingAustralia.DesignNarrative literature search and synthesis.ResultsThere is very little published information about the health and health service utilisation of grey nomads, and almost none in the medical literature. One key exception, a survey at a caravan park in the Kimberley region, found that, like other older Australians, many grey nomads have chronic diseases, and they have high rates of medication use. However, other studies have found that they generally view themselves as relatively healthy. There is some evidence of inadequate preparation for travelling. Issues include lack of health summaries, inadequate medication supplies and suboptimal vaccination. Some experience emergencies, sometimes resulting in hospital admissions. Overall, they place a poorly documented burden on rural/remote services.ConclusionThere is a need for further research on the health of grey nomads, their use of self‐care strategies, and their uptake of health services both on the road and at home, to inform the provision of health services and optimise their well‐being and health care utilisation.
Neurotoxicity of perineural vs intraneural–extrafascicular injection of liposomal bupivacaine in the porcine model of sciatic nerve block
Authors: Damjanovska M. , Cvetko E. , Hadzic A. , Seliskar A. , Plavec T. , Mis K. , Vuckovic Hasanbegovic I. , Stopar Pintaric T. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryLiposomal bupivacaine is a prolonged‐release local anaesthetic, the neurotoxicity of which has not yet been determined. We used quantitative histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate the neurotoxic effect of liposomal bupivacaine after perineural and intraneural (extrafascicular) injection of the sciatic nerve in pigs. In this double‐blind prospective randomised trial, 4 ml liposomal bupivacaine 1.3% was injected either perineurally (n = 5) or intraneurally extrafascicularly (n = 5). Intraneural–extrafascicular injection of saline (n = 5) was used as a control. After emergence from anaesthesia, neurological examinations were conducted over two weeks. After harvesting the sciatic nerves, no changes in nerve fibre density or myelin width indicative of nerve injury were observed in any of the groups. Intraneural injections resulted in longer sensory blockade than perineural (p < 0.003) without persistent motor or sensory deficit. Sciatic nerve block with liposomal bupivacaine in pigs did not result in histological evidence of nerve injury.
One‐year clinical evaluation of 0.4% ripasudil (K‐115) in patients with open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Authors: Tanihara Hidenobu , Inoue Toshihiro , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Kuwayama Yasuaki , Abe Haruki , Fukushima Atsuki , Suganami Hideki , Araie Makoto ,   the K‐115 Clinical Study Group
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the intra‐ocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering effects and safety of 0.4% ripasudil (K‐115), a Rho kinase inhibitor, twice daily for 52 weeks, in patients with open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT).MethodsIn this multicentre, prospective, open‐label study, 388 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma, OHT or exfoliation glaucoma were enrolled and 354 of them were subdivided into four cohorts (monotherapy, 173; additive therapy to prostaglandin analogs, 62; β‐blockers, 60; or fixed combination drugs, 59). The IOP reduction at trough and peak from baseline and adverse events was investigated.ResultsRipasudil showed IOP‐lowering effects over 52 weeks in all the analyses of monotherapy, additive therapy and both subgroups (baseline IOP ≥21 mmHg and <21 mmHg) of monotherapy. The mean IOP reductions at trough and peak at week 52 were −2.6 and −3.7 mmHg for monotherapy, and −1.4 and −2.4, −2.2 and −3.0, and −1.7 and −1.7 mmHg, respectively, for additive therapy described above. The most frequently observed adverse events were conjunctival hyperaemia (n = 264, 74.6%), blepharitis (n = 73, 20.6%) and allergic conjunctivitis (n = 61, 17.2%). Most of the conjunctival hyperaemia findings were mild (97.0%), transient and resolved spontaneously (78.0%). Although 51 patients discontinued from the study due to blepharitis and/or allergic conjunctivitis (blepharitis, 28; allergic conjunctivitis, 17; both, 6), all the events resolved with or without treatment after the discontinuation of ripasudil administration.ConclusionFifty‐two week administration of 0.4% ripasudil revealed IOP‐lowering effects and an acceptable safety profile when administered as monotherapy or as additive therapy, in patients with open‐angle glaucoma or OHT.
Association of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism with early‐onset bipolar disorder
Authors: Nassan Malik , Croarkin Paul E , Luby Joan L , Veldic Marin , Joshi Paramjit T , McElroy Susan L , Post Robert M , Walkup John T , Cercy Kelly , Geske Jennifer R , Wagner Karen D , Cuellar‐Barboza Alfredo B , Casuto Leah , Lavebratt Catharina , Schalling Martin , Jensen Peter S , Biernacka Joanna M , Frye Mark A 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met (rs6265) functional polymorphism has been implicated in early‐onset bipolar disorder. However, results of studies are inconsistent. We aimed to further explore this association.MethodsDNA samples from the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) and Mayo Clinic Bipolar Disorder Biobank were investigated for association of rs6265 with early‐onset bipolar disorder. Bipolar cases were classified as early onset if the first manic or depressive episode occurred at age ≤19 years (versus adult‐onset cases at age >19 years). After quality control, 69 TEAM early‐onset bipolar disorder cases, 725 Mayo Clinic bipolar disorder cases (including 189 early‐onset cases), and 764 controls were included in the analysis of association, assessed with logistic regression assuming log‐additive allele effects.ResultsComparison of TEAM cases with controls suggested association of early‐onset bipolar disorder with the rs6265 minor allele [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, p = 0.04]. Although comparison of early‐onset adult bipolar disorder cases from the Mayo Clinic versus controls was not statistically significant, the OR estimate indicated the same direction of effect (OR = 1.21, p = 0.19). When the early‐onset TEAM and Mayo Clinic early‐onset adult groups were combined and compared with the control group, the association of the minor allele rs6265 was statistically significant (OR = 1.30, p = 0.04).ConclusionsThese preliminary analyses of a relatively small sample with early‐onset bipolar disorder are suggestive that functional variation in BDNF is implicated in bipolar disorder risk and may have a more significant role in early‐onset expression of the disorder.
Single point mutations in the helicase domain of the NS3 protein enhance dengue virus replicative capacity in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and circumvent the type I interferon response
Authors: Silveira G F , Strottmann D M , de Borba L , Mansur D S , Zanchin N I T , Bordignon J , Duarte dos Santos C N 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide. The outcome of the infection is determined by the interplay of viral and host factors. In the present study, we evaluated the cellular response of human monocyte-derived DCs (mdDCs) infected with recombinant dengue virus type 1 (DV1) strains carrying a single point mutation in the NS3hel protein (L435S or L480S). Both mutated viruses infect and replicate more efficiently and produce more viral progeny in infected mdDCs compared with the parental, non-mutated virus (vBACDV1). Additionally, global gene expression analysis using cDNA microarrays revealed that the mutated DVs induce the up-regulation of the interferon (IFN) signalling and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) canonical pathways in mdDCs. Pronounced production of type I IFN were detected specifically in mdDCs infected with DV1-NS3hel-mutated virus compared with mdDCs infected with the parental virus. In addition, we showed that the type I IFN produced by mdDCs is able to reduce DV1 infection rates, suggesting that cytokine function is effective but not sufficient to mediate viral clearance of DV1-NS3hel-mutated strains. Our results demonstrate that single point mutations in subdomain 2 have important implications for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of DV1-NS3hel. Although a direct functional connection between the increased ATPase activity and viral replication still requires further studies, these mutations speed up viral RNA replication and are sufficient to enhance viral replicative capacity in human primary cell infection and circumvent type I IFN activity. This information may have particular relevance for attenuated vaccine protocols designed for DV.
The Economic Logic of Persistent Informality: Artisanal and Small‐Scale Mining in the Southern Philippines
Authors: Verbrugge Boris 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis article critically evaluates existing causal explanations for the persistence of informality in artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM). These explanations share a legalistic focus on entry barriers and political impediments that prevent or discourage the formalization of poverty‐driven ASM operators: however, they fail to fully explain cases such as that of the Philippines, where ASM is characterized by differentiation between a poverty‐driven workforce and a dominant stratum of ASM entrepreneurs. Even where limited formalization frameworks provide ASM with a degree of legal recognition, this recognition is usually restricted to these more powerful ASM interests, while excluding the workforce at large. This article therefore proposes an integrative approach to analysing informality in ASM, which complements the existing legalistic focus on entry barriers with a structuralist concern over the exploitation of informal labour. Seen from this perspective, the massive expansion of ASM in the Philippines can be seen as the product of a transition away from capital‐intensive large‐scale mining to a flexible regime of accumulation built around the exploitation of informal ASM labour. This observation highlights the need to pay more critical attention to the economic logic and the vested interests underlying the (selective) persistence of informality in the workforce.
‘I Do Not Work: I Do Commercial Sex Work’. Ambiguities in the Discourse and Practice of Selling Sex in Mombasa, Kenya
Authors: Česnulytė Eglė 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBuilding on the narratives of women selling sex in Mombasa, this article shows how the livelihoods and strategies of women who self‐identify as sex workers are influenced by the discourses and activities of the NGO sector, the sex workers’ movement, and international tourism on the one hand, and by their struggle for survival and personal advancement on the other hand. More specifically, while the term ‘sex industries’ or ‘sex workers’ — as used by a number of local and international actors — is partly internalized by women selling sex, these terms obscure the more complicated realities of women who seek to secure income for their households.
Improving haemophilia patient care through sharing best practice
Authors: de Moerloose Philippe , Arnberg Daniel , O'Mahony Brian , Colvin Brian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAt the 2014 Annual Congress of the European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) held in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Pfizer initiated and funded a satellite symposium entitled: ‘Improving Patient Care Through Sharing Best Practice’. Co‐chaired by Brian Colvin (Pfizer Global Innovative Pharma Business, Rome, Italy) and Brian O'Mahony [President of the EHC, Brussels, Belgium], the symposium provided an opportunity to consider patient care across borders, to review how patient advocacy groups can successfully engage with policymakers in healthcare decision‐making and to discuss the importance of patient involvement in data collection to help shape the future environment for people with haemophilia. Professor Philippe de Moerloose (University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland) opened the session by discussing the gap between the haemophilia management guidelines and the reality of care for many patients living in Europe, highlighting the importance of sharing of best practice and building a network of treaters and patient organisations to support the improvement of care across Europe. Daniel Arnberg (SCISS AB, Hägersten, Sweden) reviewed the health technology assessment process conducted in Sweden, the first for haemophilia products, as a case study, focusing on the role of the patient organisation. Finally, Brian O'Mahony reflected on the central role of patients as individuals and also within patient organisations in shaping the future of haemophilia care.
Effect of physical consistency of food on the biomechanical behaviour of the mandible in the growing rat
Authors: Bozzini Clarisa , Picasso Emilio , Champin Graciela , Bozzini Carlos E. , Alippi Rosa M. 
Published: September 2015

This study investigated the effect of a soft diet, given to growing rats, on the biomechanical behaviour of the mandible. Female rats, 30 d of age, received an ordinary diet in the form of pellets (i.e. hard‐diet group), and another group of female rats received the same diet, but ground and mixed with water, forming a paste (i.e. soft‐diet group). The experiment lasted 8 wk. Body‐weight and body‐length gains were not affected by the consistency of the diet. No significant differences were found between groups concerning the length, height, and area of the right hemimandible. Mechanical properties of the right hemimandibles were determined using a three‐point bending test, in which bones were stressed on a perpendicular line immediately posterior to the posterior face of the third molar. Structural properties (load at yielding, load at fracture, structural stiffness, and elastic energy absorption) and geometric properties of the fracture section (cross‐sectional area, cortical area, and moment of inertia) were significantly lower in hemimandibles of rats of the soft‐diet group than in those of rats of the hard‐diet group. Material properties of the mandibular bone tissue (elastic modulus and maximal elastic stress), which were estimated through appropriate equations, did not differ between groups. It was concluded that the reduced physical consistency of the diet, possibly associated with a reduced masticatory load, diminished the skeletal load‐bearing capacity of the mandible in growing rats. This observed reduction in the bone structural behaviour was attributed to changes occurring at the level of bone mass and its geometrical properties because intrinsic properties of the bone material tissue were unaffected.