bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideal Cardiovascular Health Is Inversely Associated With Incident Cancer
Authors: Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Shay Christina M. , Abramson Judith G. , Friedrich Christopher A. , Nettleton Jennifer A. , Prizment Anna E. , Folsom Aaron R. 
Published: March 2013

Background—
The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined the concept of ideal cardiovascular health in promotion of the 2020 Strategic Impact Goals. We examined whether adherence to ideal levels of the 7 AHA cardiovascular health metrics was associated with incident cancers in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study over 17 to 19 years of follow-up.

Methods and Results—

After exclusions for missing data and prevalent cancer, 13 253 ARIC participants were included for analysis. Baseline measurements were used to classify participants according to 7 AHA cardiovascular health metrics. Combined cancer incidence (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) from 1987 to 2006 was captured using cancer registries and hospital surveillance; 2880 incident cancer cases occurred over follow-up. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for incident cancer. There was a significant (
P
trend <0.0001), graded, inverse association between the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics at baseline and cancer incidence. Participants meeting goals for 6 to 7 ideal health metrics (2.7% of the population) had 51% lower risk of incident cancer than those meeting goals for 0 ideal health metrics. When smoking was removed from the sum of ideal health metrics, the association was attenuated with participants meeting goals for 5 to 6 health metrics having 25% lower cancer risk than those meeting goals for 0 ideal health metrics (
P
trend =0.03).

Conclusions—
Adherence to the 7 ideal health metrics defined in the AHA 2020 goals is associated with lower cancer incidence. The AHA should continue to pursue partnerships with cancer advocacy groups to achieve reductions in chronic disease prevalence.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in CMIP5 Models: RCP and Historical Simulations
Authors: Cheng Wei , Chiang John C. H. , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) simulated by 10 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for the historical (1850–2005) and future climate is examined. The historical simulations of the AMOC mean state are more closely matched to observations than those of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Similarly to CMIP3, all models predict a weakening of the AMOC in the twenty-first century, though the degree of weakening varies considerably among the models. Under the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario, the weakening by year 2100 is 5%–40% of the individual model's historical mean state; under RCP8.5, the weakening increases to 15%–60% over the same period. RCP4.5 leads to the stabilization of the AMOC in the second half of the twenty-first century and a slower (then weakening rate) but steady recovery thereafter, while RCP8.5 gives rise to a continuous weakening of the AMOC throughout the twenty-first century. In the CMIP5 historical simulations, all but one model exhibit a weak downward trend [ranging from −0.1 to −1.8 Sverdrup (Sv) century−1; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1] over the twentieth century. Additionally, the multimodel ensemble–mean AMOC exhibits multidecadal variability with a ~60-yr periodicity and a peak-to-peak amplitude of ~1 Sv; all individual models project consistently onto this multidecadal mode. This multidecadal variability is significantly correlated with similar variations in the net surface shortwave radiative flux in the North Atlantic and with surface freshwater flux variations in the subpolar latitudes. Potential drivers for the twentieth-century multimodel AMOC variability, including external climate forcing and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the implication of these results on the North Atlantic SST variability are discussed.
An Asymptotic Expansion for the Recharge–Discharge Model of ENSO
Authors: Thual Sulian , Dewitte Boris , Ayoub Nadia , Thual Olivier 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The dynamics of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean are largely associated with the slow thermocline adjustment at interannual and basin scales. This adjustment involves, among other things, the fast propagation and reflection of equatorial waves by wind stress forcing. A simple and straightforward asymptotic expansion of the long-wave equations is proposed using the low-frequency approximation. The asymptotic expansion is performed in Fourier space, retaining only the gravest equatorial long waves and baroclinic modes with the largest scale, and considering small dissipation by friction and boundary reflections. This leads to an asymptotic model for the thermocline response to wind stress forcing, which is in essence the ocean component of the recharge–discharge model of ENSO. The asymptotic model is nonheuristic and in broad agreement with some essential results scattered in previous studies. Thermocline variability is divided into a sloping “Tilt mode” that adjusts instantly to wind stress forcing and a zonal-mean “Warm Water Volume mode” that adjusts as a time integrator to wind stress curl. The model has a plausible energy budget and its solutions are in good agreement with observations. Results suggest that the net adjustment rather than the explicit delays of equatorial waves is essential for the slow thermocline adjustment, and this is best described by the recharge–discharge model.
Overlapping Interests: The Impact of Geographic Coordinate Assumptions on Limited-Area Atmospheric Model Simulations
Authors: Monaghan Andrew J. , Barlage Michael , Boehnert Jennifer , Phillips Cody L. , Wilhelmi Olga V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is growing use of limited-area models (LAMs) for high-resolution (<10 km) applications, for which consistent mapping of input terrestrial and meteorological datasets is critical for accurate simulations. The geographic coordinate systems of most input datasets are based on spheroid-shaped (i.e., elliptical) Earth models, while LAMs generally assume a perfectly sphere-shaped Earth. This distinction is often neglected during preprocessing, when input data are remapped to LAM domains, leading to geolocation discrepancies that can exceed 20 km at midlatitudes.A variety of terrestrial (topography and land use) input dataset configurations is employed to explore the impact of Earth model assumptions on a series of 1-km LAM simulations over Colorado. For the same terrestrial datasets, the ~20-km geolocation discrepancy between spheroidal-versus-spherical Earth models over the domain leads to simulated differences in near-surface and midtropospheric air temperature, humidity, and wind speed that are larger and more widespread than those due to using different topography and land use datasets altogether but not changing the Earth model. Simulated differences are caused by the shift of static fields with respect to boundary conditions, and altered Coriolis forcing and topographic gradients.The sensitivity of high-resolution LAM simulations to Earth model assumptions emphasizes the importance for users to ensure terrestrial and meteorological input data are consistently mapped during preprocessing (i.e., datasets share a common geographic coordinate system before remapping to the LAM domain). Concurrently, the modeling community should update preprocessing systems to make sure input data are correctly mapped for all global and limited-area simulation domains.
Incidental Abdominal Aneurysms
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , El-Menyar Ayman , Shabana Adel , Tabeb Abdelhakem , Al-Sulaiti Maryam , AlMalki Ahmed 
Published: March 2013

We evaluated the frequency and outcomes of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in Qatar. Data were collected retrospectively between 2004 and 2008 for all adult patients who underwent abdominal computed tomographic scanning for any reason. Patients with AAA were followed up for 3 years for aneurysmal rupture and mortality. Of the 13 115 patients screened, 61 (0.5%) patients had abdominal aneurysms. Most (82%) patients with AAA were male with mean age of 67 ± 12 years. The incidence of AAA substantially increased with age. Cardiovascular risk factors were prevalent among patients with AAA. The main location of AAA was infrarenal (67%), followed by thoracoabdominal (23%). The mean AAA diameter was 5.3 ± 2.5 cm. The rate of AAA rupture was 8% with a mortality rate of 60%; 80% of these were infrarenal, and 80% of them had a diameter of ≥5.5 cm. Overall mortality was 33%. This large study addressed the impact of screening for AAA in a population with high cardiovascular burden.
Persistent sleep disturbance is associated with treatment response in adolescents with depression
Authors: Manglick Maneesha , Rajaratnam Shantha M , Taffe John , Tonge Bruce , Melvin Glenn 
Published: March 2013

Background: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in adolescents with depressive disorders. To date there is limited evidence of the extent to which sleep disturbances are associated with treatment response in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the extent to which self-reported sleep disturbances are associated with treatment response in adolescents with depression. Method: Sleep data were gathered from a sample of 166 adolescents (aged 12–18 years) with a diagnosis of a DSM-IV depressive disorder who underwent 3 months of treatment (psychosocial and/or pharmacotherapy (sertraline)) in community-based research programs. The subjective report of sleep disturbance within depressive disorders was assessed using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children at three time points: pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Results: Sixty-nine percent of participants had a sleep disturbance pre-treatment and approximately 75% of these participants had threshold symptoms. Threshold sleep disturbances that persisted from pre- to post-treatment assessments were positively associated with depression at the 6-month follow-up. An ordered logistic regression model controlling for gender, treatment group and comorbid anxiety estimated a 70% risk of depression or partial remission for those with persistent sleep disturbance. Treatment group, anxiety and gender generally had no significant effect on the relationship between sleep and depression. Conclusion: Sleep disturbances were highly related to depressive state and were associated with poorer treatment response in adolescents with depression. These results provide a rationale for further exploration of sleep-related treatments for adolescents with depression. Knowledge of patient-reported persistent sleep disturbances can help clinicians to predict treatment outcomes and may direct them to augment treatment or focus on sleep-related treatment strategies.
Optimal Dose of Intra-articular Corticosteroids for Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Yoon Seung-Hyun , Lee Hyun Young , Lee Hyun Jung , Kwack Kyu-Sung 
Published: March 2013

Background: Intra-articular corticosteroid injection is a commonly used therapy for adhesive capsulitis, but there are only few studies that compare the efficacy of corticosteroids according to different doses. Purpose: To determine whether intra-articular injections with a high-dose corticosteroid improves pain and function in patients with adhesive capsulitis better than a low dose or a placebo. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Participants (n = 53) with primary adhesive capsulitis in the freezing stage were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections with 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide (high-dose group, n = 20), 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide (low-dose group, n = 20), or placebo (n = 13). After a single injection, participants were all instructed to carry out a home exercise program. The outcome measures included the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), visual analog scale (VAS) for average shoulder pain level, and passive range of motion including flexion, abduction, extension, external rotation, and internal rotation before treatment and at weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12 after treatment. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline between the 3 groups. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests showed improvement in SPADI and VAS scores and in flexion, abduction, and internal rotation especially for the low- and high-dose groups compared with the placebo. Yet, no significant difference was found between the 2 different corticosteroid dose groups. Conclusion: We assessed the efficacy of corticosteroid injections according to 2 different doses that are most widely used in intra-articular injections for adhesive capsulitis. This study shows that there were no significant differences between the high- and low-dose corticosteroid groups, indicating the preferred use of a low dose in the initial stage.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the Professional Suitability Scale for Social Work Practice
Authors: Tam Dora M. Y. , Twigg Robert C. , Boey Kam-Wing , Kwok Siu-Ming 
Published: March 2013

Objective: This article presents a validation study to examine the factor structure of an instrument designed to measure professional suitability for social work practice. Method: Data were collected from registered social workers in a provincial mailed survey. The response rate was 23.2%. After eliminating five cases with multivariate outliers, confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation was performed on 285 cases. Results: A 22-item four-factor model achieved an acceptable good fit. Reliability testing results indicate an overall Cronbach’s α valued at .90 and subscale αs ranged between .75 and .89. Conclusion: Findings affirm good-to-excellent internal consistency of the Professional Suitability scale with two previous studies and provide acceptable results on construct validity.
Reproduction and the risk of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Magyari Melinda , Koch-Henriksen Nils , Pfleger Claudia C , Sørensen Per Soelberg 
Published: March 2013

Background: The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Denmark has doubled in women since 1970, whereas it has been almost unchanged in men. Objectives: To investigate whether age at first childbirth and number of births have an effect on the risk of developing MS. Methods: The cohort consisted of 1403 patients with MS of both sexes, identified through the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, with clinical onset between 2000 and 2004. For each case, 25 control persons were drawn by random from the Danish Civil Registration System matched by sex, year of birth, and residential municipality. Results: More female cases than controls had no childbirths or fewer births before clinical onset ( p=0.018) but only in the last five years preceding onset ( p<0.0001). Childbirths within five years before clinical onset reduced the risk of MS onset in women: OR=0.54 (95% CI 0.41–0.70, p<0.0001) for one child and OR=0.68 (95% CI 0.53–0.87, p=0.002) for more than one child. Parental age at first childbirth had no effect on the risk of MS. Conclusions: The data did not suggest reversed causality between childbirth and MS.
Consumption of a boiled Greek type of coffee is associated with improved endothelial function: The Ikaria Study
Authors: Siasos Gerasimos , Oikonomou Evangelos , Chrysohoou Christina , Tousoulis Dimitris , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Zaromitidou Marina , Zisimos Konstantinos , Kokkou Eleni , Marinos Georgios , Papavassiliou Athanasios G , Pitsavos Christos , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The association of coffee consumption with cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Endothelial function is associated with cardiovascular risk. We examined the association between chronic coffee consumption and endothelium function in elderly inhabitants of the island of Ikaria. Methods: The analysis was conducted on 142 elderly subjects (aged 66–91 years) of the Ikaria Study. Endothelial function was evaluated by ultrasound measurement of flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Coffee consumption was evaluated based on a food frequency questionnaire and was categorized as ‘low’ (< 200 ml/day), ‘moderate’ (200–450 ml/day), or ‘high’ (> 450 ml/day). Results: From the subjects included in the study, 87% consumed a boiled Greek type of coffee. Moreover, 40% had a ‘low’, 48% a ‘moderate’ and 13% a ‘high’ daily coffee consumption. There was a linear increase in FMD according to coffee consumption (‘low’: 4.33 ± 2.51% vs ‘moderate’: 5.39 ± 3.09% vs ‘high’: 6.47 ± 2.72%; p = 0.032). Moreover, subjects consuming mainly a boiled Greek type of coffee had a significantly higher FMD compared with those consuming other types of coffee beverages ( p = 0.035). Conclusions: Chronic coffee consumption is associated with improved endothelial function in elderly subjects, providing a new connection between nutrition and vascular health.
Fifty-Four Emergent Cricothyroidotomies: Are Surgeons Reluctant Teachers?
Authors: King D. , Ogilvie M. , Michailidou M. , Velmahos G. , Alam H. , deMoya M. , Fikry K. 
Published: March 2013

Background Emergent cricothyroidotomy remains an uncommon, but life-saving, core procedural training requirement for emergency medicine (EM) physician training. We hypothesized that, although most cricothyroidotomies occur in the emergency department (ED), they are rarely performed by EM physicians. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all emergent cricothyroidotomies performed at two large level one trauma centers over 10 years. Operators and assistants for all procedures were identified, as well as mechanism of injury and patient demographics were examined. Results Fifty-four cricothyroidotomies were performed. Patients were: mean age of 50, 80% male and 90% blunt trauma. The most common primary operator was a surgeon (n = 47, 87%), followed by an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provider (n = 6, 11%) and a EM physician (n = 1, 2%). In all cases, except those performed by EMS, the operator or assistant was an attending surgeon. All EMS procedures resulted in serious complications compared to in-hospital procedures (p < 0.0001). Conclusions 1. Pre-hospital cricothyroidotomy results in serious complications. 2. Despite the ubiquitous presence of emergency medicine physicians in the ED, all cricothyroidotomies were performed by a surgeon, which may represent a serious emergency medicine training deficiency.
Proximal Bowel Necrosis after High Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Tsujinaka S. , Kawamura Y. J. , Tan K.-Y. , Mizokami K. , Sasaki J. , Maeda T. , Kuwahara Y. , Konishi F. , Lefor A. 
Published: March 2013

Background and Aims High ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery may jeopardize blood supply to the proximal bowel. We undertook this study to review the clinical features and outcomes of patients who developed proximal bowel necrosis after high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, and to assess the incidence and the risk factors for this complication. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing high or low ligation for sigmoid colon and rectal cancer with a primary anastomosis between April 2004 and March 2009 was performed. Patient and tumor characteristics and the incidence of bowel necrosis were reviewed. Results Four hundred and nine patients were included to the analysis. Six out of 302 patients (2.0%) with high ligation developed proximal bowel necrosis, while the remaining 107 patients with low ligation did not suffer from this complication. All patients who developed proximal bowel necrosis underwent secondary surgery with resection of necrotic bowel. The pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed mucosal to transmural ischemic necrosis without the evidence of vascular thrombosis or embolic occlusion. Univariate analysis revealed that advanced age, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension were significantly associated with proximal bowel necrosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that cerebrovascular disease was an independent predictor of this complication. Of these six patients, two died from associated complications. Conclusions Proximal bowel necrosis after high ligation is potentially fatal, and this report provides a warning in clinical settings where high ligation is indicated. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its distinct relationship with high ligation and to clarify whether low ligation would be a safeguard.
Survival after Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy or Surgery Alone in Resectable Adenocarcinoma at the Gastro-Esophageal Junction
Authors: Kofoed S. C. , Muhic A. , Baeksgaard L. , Jendresen M. , Gustafsen J. , Holm J. , Bardram L. , Brandt B. , Brenø J. , Svendsen L. B. 
Published: March 2013

Background and Aims Longterm survival after curative resection for adenocarcinoma at the gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) range between 18% and 50%. In the pivotal Intergroup-0116 Phase III trial by Macdonald et all, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved both disease-free and overall survival in curatively resected patients with mainly gastric adenocarcinoma. We compared survival data for curatively resected patients with adenocarcinoma solely at the gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ), treated with surgery alone or surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods From 2003 to 2009, 211 patients underwent curative resection. Surgery alone was performed in 95 patients and 116 patients received adjuvant therapy after resection. All patients underwent Lewis-Tanner operation with D1 node resection including coliac nodes (D1+). Informations about recurrence and death were collected from the Danish Cancer Register and the Central Death Register. Patients who died after experiencing severe complications after surgery were excluded from the survival analysis. Patients with T0N0 or T1N0 were also excluded because patients of this category were not given adjuvant therapy according to the Macdonald protocol. Results Patients with positive node status in the resected specimen, the 3-year disease-free survival after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 91) or surgery alone (n = 43) was 24% and 37%, respectively. Median time of survival was prolonged by 10 month in favour of those who received chemoradiotherapy. However, after controlling for the confounding effect of age and node status, only positive node status in the resected specimen had significant partial effect on survival. Conclusion Chemoradiotherapy according to the Intergroup-0116 protocol might still be a reasonable option after curative resection in patients with GEJ adenocarcinomas and positive lymph node status, who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy.