bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An artificial intelligence-driven 3D-vectorcardiography technique for non-invasive prediction of obstructive coronary artery disease: a prospective study
Authors: Fezer Sophie , Heinroth Konstantin , Melnyk Hannes , Plehn Alexander , Michalski Roman , Tongers Jörn , Daniel Jan-Marcus , Dutzmann Jochen , Hortmann Marcus , Vogt Alexander , Sedding Daniel , Arya Arash 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations. Invasive coronary angiography is the diagnostic gold standard for ischemic heart disease but is costly, and complex. An innovative approach employs artificial intelligence (AI) in 3D-vectorcardiography for non-invasive identification of obstructive coronary lesions, integrating neural networks within a supervised learning framework. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of AI-driven 3D-vectorcardiography for noninvasive identification of obstructive CAD compared to invasive coronary angiography. In a prospective blinded study, 183 patients with possible CAD underwent AI-driven 3D-vectorcardiography before coronary angiography. A neural network AI algorithm calculated parameters, including a perfusion factor, to assess the probability of obstructive CAD. Investigators analyzing the AI-driven 3D-vectorcardiography and coronary angiographies were unaware of each other’s results. The clinical risk model had a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.617. Incorporating AI-driven 3D-vectorcardiography considerable improved prediction accuracy, achieving an AUC of 0.716. AI-driven 3D-vectorcardiography is a simple and effective diagnostic tool for enhancing the noninvasive detection of obstructive CAD. Further studies using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and microcirculation measurements are needed to better define its role in predicting cardiac ischemia and CAD.
Purification of Potential Antimicrobial Metabolites from Endo-Phytic Fusarium Oxysporum Isolated from Myrtus Communis
Authors: Khattak Saeed Ullah , Ahmad Mansoor , Ahmad Jamshaid , Ikram Saima , Ahmad Sajjad , Alshabrmi Fahad M , Alatawi Eid A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The rise of microbial resistance and emerging infections pose significant health threats. Natural products from endophytic fungi offer a promising source of novel compounds with potential as major drug leads. This research aims to screen Myrtus communis and Moringa oleifera for endophytic fungi and screen their metabolites for antibacterial and antifungal potential. Six endophytic fungal strains were isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. The M. communis isolates were designated MC1, MC2, MC3, and the M. oleifera isolates were named MO1, MO2, MO3. Preliminary bioactivity testing revealed that the MC3 isolate exhibited significant growth inhibition against multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. The MC3 isolate was identified as Fusarium oxysporum through morphological and microscopic methods. For metabolite production, the fungal strain was cultured in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium at 28 °C for 14 days in a shaking incubator. The metabolites were purified using various chromatographic techniques, HPLC and GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis of F. oxysporum revealed multiple compounds at different retention times using the NIST-20 Library. Based on RSI values and probability indices, two compounds were targeted for further purification. Structure elucidation was performed using 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments on a Varian 500 NMR machine. The compounds identified were Ethyl isoallocholate (C26H44O5, exact mass 436.32) and 1-Monolinoleoyl glycerol trimethylsilyl ether (C27H56O4Si2, exact mass 500.37). The MS (NIST-20) library facilitated the investigation of the insilico antimicrobial activity of these compounds against alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and elastase virulence proteins of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. Aspartic protease from Candida albicans was used to evaluate the insilico antifungal potential. All ligands and proteins were docked using the Glide Induced Fit Docking (IFD) algorithm. The compounds showed binding scores of -7.7 and -7.9 Kcal mol-1 against alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, -7.3 and -6.5 Kcal mol-1 against elastase, and -7.6 and -7.2 Kcal mol-1 against aspartic protease. Invitro studies confirmed the inhibitory activity of these compounds against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. Ethyl isoallocholate exhibited higher bioactivity against P. aeruginosa with inhibition rates of 41%, 27%, and 35% at concentrations of 1000, 500, and 250 μg mL-1, respectively. These results suggest that bioactive compounds from F. oxysporum have potential as antimicrobial agents, warranting further research.
Tunable TiAl 3 -Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites via In-Situ Reactive Printing: Insights from Operando Synchrotron Analysis and Microstructural Characterization
Authors: Tian Chenxi , Singh Kaushalendra , Wakai Akane , Dass Adrita , Bustillos Jenniffer , Chuang Andrew C. , Moridi Atieh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Additive-manufactured TiAl3-reinforced aluminum matrix composite (AMC) materials were fabricated by forming TiAl3 whiskers from the in-situ reaction between aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti). The composite demonstrates enhancement of mechanical strength with tunable ductility compared to unreinforced material while using a feedstock mixture of only commercially available Al and Ti powder of standard size distribution. The enhancement to mechanical strength is attributed to both load transfer from the strong TiAl3 reinforcement and the Hall-Petch strengthening from the refined grain size of the Al matrix. Operando synchrotron analysis of the in-situ reactive printing (IRP) process, coupled with postmortem microstructural characterizations, reveals that the dispersed TiAl3 whiskers refine Al grain size by promoting heterogeneous nucleation through in-situ inoculation. This study validates the capability of IRP to strengthen the integration of material and geometry design in additive manufacturing by enabling the fabrication of highly tunable AMC.
The roles of total cholesterol, the neutrophil-to- high-density-lipoprotein ratio and the lymphocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio in the diagnosis and progression of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tong Yangping , Li Bo , Hu Jue , Xu Wei , Li Fangyi , Liu Liang , Chen Sufen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD), is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Inflammation, immunity dysregulation and other pathological processes play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Nevertheless, the role of peripheral inflammatory markers in diagnosing and monitoring the progression of PD remains to be fully elucidated.
Patients and Methods
192 patients with PD were selected, and sex- and age-matched healthy individuals (n = 190) were included in the control group. Then, the persons’ basic information was collected, such as gender, age, smoking, blood lipids, and so on. Then, the neutrophil-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio (NHR) and the lymphocyte -to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio (LHR), etc. were calculated. Then, the indicators were contrasted in the two groups, and, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were utilized to determine the correlation between total cholesterol (TC), the NHR, the LHR, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and the progression of PD. The nomogram was drawn using R language.
Results
TC, triglyceride (TG), neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, serum albumin, the high-to-low-density-lipoprotein ratio (HLR), the monocyte-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio (MHR), the NHR and the LHR in the PD group were significantly different from those in the control group (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that TC, the LHR, and the NHR were independent influencing factors for PD. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses indicated a negative correlation between TC, the NHR, the LHR and the UPDRS scores in patients with PD. And it showed a negative correlation between the LHR and the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging system. Moreover, it showed significant correlations between the LHR, the NLR, the LMR, and the duration of patients with PD. Furthermore, an accuracy model of the nomogram was structured for the indicators of PD, which showed adequately sensitivity and specificity using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the diagnostic performance of TC, the LHR, and the NHR for PD.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that lower levels of TC, the NHR, and the LHR may be relevant for diagnosing and assessing the progression of PD, and they appear to be candidate biomarkers for PD.
Strengthening the relationship between community resilience and health emergency communications: Systematic review and model development
Authors: Vandrevala Tushna , Morrow Elizabeth , Coates Tracey , Boulton Richard , Crawshaw Alison F. , O’Dwyer Emma , Heitmeyer Carrie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Community resilience and health emergency communication are both crucial in promoting communities’ ability to endure crisis and emergencies. Yet, a notable gap in theory and evidence exists on the relationship between them. Aim The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between community resilience and health emergency communication and to identify strategies and interventions to strengthen their usefulness to each other. Based on the results, a secondary aim was to develop a model of community resilience for communications in health emergencies. Method A systematic literature review of evidence using electronic databases (Web of Science, Social Science Citation Index, PubMed/MEDLINE). Key search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria were developed from the literature and the knowledge of the multidisciplinary team. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations). Inductive thematic analysis generated key themes. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to present the findings. Results The searches identified 300 articles, of which 86 met the inclusion criteria. Two main themes of the literature are (i) The relationship between emergency communication and community resilience: including building trust and collaboration within communities, identifying resources and their distribution, tailoring communication strategies, considering inclusion and equity, and community engagement and feedback, (ii) Strategies and interventions (illustrated by 16 case studies) identified were, facilitating community structures as channels for communication, respecting personal and private boundaries in health communication, targeting outreach for effective crisis communication, building resilience through communication initiatives, and demonstrating commitment to equity and inclusion in communications. Conclusion There is a small, yet valuable, body of evidence to demonstrate synergies and interactions in the relationship between community resilience and health emergency communications. The integrated model of community resilience and communications for health emergencies developed provides directions to explore for future research. Registration : CABI Digital Library searchRxiv: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/searchRxiv.2024.00477
A Retrospective Review of MagnetOs Easypack PuttyTM Bone Graft Used Standalone in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Davis Justin , Everist Brian , Butrico Casey , Sage Katherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Spinal fusion surgeries remain a successful treatment for degenerative disc disease. While autograft is considered the gold standard bone graft, synthetic bone void fillers are increasingly used to limit donor site morbidity while giving sufficient graft volume. This retrospective clinical study evaluates MagnetOs Easypack Putty™ as a standalone graft without autograft in interbody fusion. An independent radiologist blinded to the clinical status provided evaluation of computed tomography (CT) images obtained at 12 months and graded each treated level based on the Brantigan-Steffee-Fraser (BSF) Classification. Twenty subjects were enrolled in the study. A total of 36 spinal levels were treated with an average of 1.8 levels per subject (L2-L3 to L5-S1). The primary endpoint of CT-based fusion was 94.4% (34/36 levels) based on the presence of bridging bone or locked pseudoarthrosis at 12 months. The high fusion rate was accompanied by consistent improvement in pain scores. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores decreased an average of 25% from 5.3/10 pre-operatively to 2.8/10 at 12 months post-operative, and all subjects who reported post-operative back or leg pain reported improved pain post-operatively. Although the patient population included risk factors and comorbidities, the fusion rate remained high, and no device-related adverse events (AEs) were observed. The high fusion rate and favorable safety profile support the performance of MagnetOs Easypack Putty for standalone use without autograft in interbody fusion procedures.
Exploring Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives of Childbirth Education Classes for Quality of Care and Positive Childbirth Experience: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Study
Authors: AlKhunaizi Anwar Nader , Alhamidi Sami Abdulrahman , Al-Otaibi Areej Ghalib , AlAbdullah Amany Anwar , Alosaif Kawther Saleh , Zayer Meral Jehad Al 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a significant transitional life experience that can be one of the most stressful experiences in life. Childbirth education is designed to improve health behaviors and offers information on psychological and physical changes that occur in pregnancy, signs that labor has begun, hospital routines and what to expect, how to manage pain through non-pharmacological strategies, the first hours of a newborn’s life, and the benefits of breastfeeding. Healthcare providers play an essential role in this education. To discover how healthcare providers view childbirth education classes, we explored their perceptions in relation to the quality of care and positive childbirth experiences.
Methods: An interpretative phenomenological qualitative approach was conducted in three government hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data collection involved conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 participants. The sample consisted of physicians, nurses, and educators, ensuring a diverse range of perspectives.
Results: An interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted for data analysis.
One core category (Road to a Pleasant and Safe Journey) with three themes (Mother’s Experience, Obstacles, and Struggles of Healthcare Providers, and Solutions & Suggestions) emerged from the data analysis. The study findings indicate that childbirth education programs boost maternal health and facilitate a more positive delivery experience.
Conclusions: Receiving childbirth education about natural and instinctive childbirth was necessary for low-risk mothers to experience a positive childbirth experience. The education also enabled mothers to feel in control during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum. From the results of this research the following recommendations can be made: childbirth education should be mandatory for all hospitals and primary healthcare institutions in the Kingdom and its curriculum should be standardized by the ministry of health and all healthcare providers employed in maternity care should be required to attend the standardized childbirth education programs.
Construction of scalable multi-channel DNA nanoplatform for the combined detection of multi-component biomarkers of cancer
Authors: Song Yiwei , Jin Xiuyan , zhao Yiou , Cheng Shuwen , Xu Sai , Bu Shengjun , Liu Liming , Zhou Chunyang , Pang Chunying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Single-level biomarker detection has the limitation of insufficient accuracy in cancer diagnosis. Therefore, the strategy of developing highly sensitive, multi-channel biosensors for multi-component biomarkers analysis is critical to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of clinical tumors. Herein, in order to achieve efficient detection of up to ten targets for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, a DNA-nanoswitch-based multi-channel (DNA-NSMC) biosensor was built based on the multi-module catalytic hairpin assembly-mediated signal amplification (CHA) and toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement (TDSD) reaction. In this work, only two different fluorescence signals are used as outputs, combined with modular segmentation strategy of DNA-nanoswitch-based reaction platform, the multi-channel detection of up to 10 targets is successfully achieved for the first time. The experimental results suggest that the proposed biosensor is a promising tool for simultaneously detecting multiple biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, offering new strategies for the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment not only for ovarian cancer but also for other cancers.
The effect of partial region regeneration on regeneration and particulate emission characteristics of diesel particulate filters
Authors: Chen Zilong , Fang Jia , Zuo Zinong , Tian Wei , Yan Yan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper discusses the influence of partial region regeneration on both regeneration and emission performance by regeneration test bench. DPF substrate is divided into following four regions on the radial direction by the distribution of thermocouples. For the single region regeneration, region 2 has the highest maximum temperature, maximum temperature gradient, average diameter. The regeneration efficiency decreases when the loading area is far away from the center. The maximum total mass concentration is 0.36mg/m3 at region 4 due to the mass of carbon black loading. For double regions regeneration, the center and adjacent regions have positive effect on maximum temperature, maximum temperature gradient, regeneration efficiency and regeneration performance ration. The maximum total mass concentration and maximum average diameter are 0.2mg/m3 and 34nm at regions 14. For multiple regions regeneration, the lowest maximum temperature and the maximum temperature gradient are 565℃ and 8.3℃/m at regions 134, respectively. Regions 123 have maximum regeneration efficiency, performance ratio, total mass concentration and average diameter. The maximum and minimum average diameters are 101.8nm and 30.2nm at regions 123 and regions 134, respectively.
Comparison study of photonic crystal chip detection method and chemiluminescence detection method for tacrolimus concentration
Authors: Wang Xuning , Niu Xinxin , Shi Bin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant commonly used for immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation. However, tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window, and monitoring its blood concentration is crucial for adjusting treatment plans and preventing side effects. Traditional monitoring methods have complex operating procedures and time-consuming issues, so exploring new methods is necessary. Photon crystal chip detection and chemiluminescence are potential methods for monitoring tacrolimus blood concentration. This study aims to compare the advantages and limitations of these two methods and explore their potential applications in clinical practice. Through this study, scientific evidence can be provided to improve monitoring methods and provide better personalized treatment.
Methods and analysis
This study is a single-center, single-blind, diagnostic trial that compares the potential of photon crystal chip detection and chemiluminescence in monitoring tacrolimus blood concentration and exploring their value in clinical practice. The main objective is to detect the fluorescence intensity of the photon crystal chip. Secondary objectives include comparing the reliability, anti-interference ability, and optimization of experimental conditions of the photon crystal chip and chemiluminescence. The experimental flow chart is shown in Fig. 1. Participants are from the Third Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. In order to estimate the sample size, we determined four key elements: effect size, success rate of both methods, significance level, and statistical power or sample size. The required sample size was calculated to be 80 cases using a formula. The t-test will be used to compare the differences between the tacrolimus concentration data obtained from the two detection methods to determine if there is a significant difference in concentration measurement. This study has been approved by the medical ethics committee and it is in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Patients or authorized representatives will receive detailed written information before signing an informed consent form. Before signing the consent form, the attending physician or authorized representative will explain the background, purpose, participation content and process, possible benefits and risks, privacy, and other important information to the patient. Participation is voluntary and patients can withdraw at any time without giving a reason. Legally incompetent individuals will be excluded from the trial.
Discussion
This study compares the advantages and disadvantages of using the photonic crystal chip detection method and the chemiluminescence method to detect the concentration of tacrolimus in blood. The purpose is to explore new detection methods to improve monitoring efficiency and accuracy.
Ethics review approval Research ethics number (KY2022-01).
Ethics review date: January 25, 2022
Low-cost detection, transmission, and central monitoring of patients’ vital signs in rural areas: digitizing the Ethiopian rural healthcare system
Authors: Berihun Molla Melese , Kassaw Ewunate Assaye , Wosene Abel Belay , Wondimagegn Matiwos Tekalign , Gashaw Yishak Adamtew , Limenh Mulusew Yilie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
monitoring vital signs is essential for identifying patient issues. However, there are deaths that could have been avoided due to insufficient clinical monitoring and diagnosis delay. In Ethiopia, patients in rural areas are facing challenges like limited system interoperability and overcrowded facilities. The objective of this project is to design a cost-effective system for recording, transmitting, and monitoring remotely located patients’ vital signs from the center.
Methods
radio transmitter and receiver, temperature, oxygen saturation and heart rate sensors, Arduino, keypad, alarm/light indicators and GSM module components were collected. Proteus and Arduino software were used to design and simulate the recording, transmitting and receiving modules individually. The individual modules were assembled. The design was implemented by connecting the components on breadboard. Finally, the assembled system was tested for its functionality.
Results
a device that can record and transmit patient’s room number, bed number, vital sign and other important parameters to the central vital sign monitoring location was designed. The designed system was simulated using proteus software. The simulated design was implemented practically using the mentioned components. The result of practical testing showed that the vital signs and other parameters were recorded successfully by the recorder module and displayed at monitoring location. Furthermore, the device was able to send notification to the physician’s mobile phone via means of messages. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the remotely located patient’s vital sign at the central location using cost effective central monitoring system which can be implemented in low resource setting areas like Ethiopia.