bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of refined olive oil by enrichment with chlorophyll pigments extracted from Chemlali olive leaves
Authors: Jaber Hazem , Ayadi Mohamed , Makni Jamel , Rigane Ghayth , Sayadi Sami , Bouaziz Mohamed 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the first investigation on the effect of enrichment refined olive oil by chlorophyll pigment extracted from Chemlali olive leaves during storage (6 months). The changes that occurred in the quality indices, fatty acids, sterol, and phenolic content were investigated during the storage of refined olive oil under RT (20°C) and accelerated conditions (50°C) in the dark. Additionally, the pigments (chlorophyll and carotene) changes during 6 months of oil storage were evaluated. At the end of the storage, more than 90% of chlorophyll pigments decomposed in all samples, while, carotene pigment loss was lower showing up to 60 and 85% loss for oil stored at 20 and 50°C, respectively, at the end of storage. The reduction of total phenolic compounds exhibited similar degradation profiles, being reduced by 5% and up to 60% for the enriched refined olive oil stored at 20 and 50°C in 6 months, respectively. In the fatty acid composition, an increase in oleic acid and a decrease in linoleic and linolenic acids were less significant in enriched than non‐enriched refined olive oil. On the other hand, sterol composition was less affected by storage in enriched oil samples. However, the sterol concentration of the oil samples showed an increase in β‐sitosterol, 24‐methylene cholesterol, stigmasterol, and a decrease in cholesterol, Δ5, 24‐stigmastadienol percentage at the end of storage. Based on the Rancimat method, the oils with added leaf pigment extract had the lowest peroxide value and the highest stability. After 6 months of storage, the oxidative resistance of refined olive oil fell to 0.2 and to zero for enriched refined olive oil stored at 20 and 50°C, respectively.
L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Activation of Methyl Ketones or Active Methylene Compounds and DMF‐DMA for Syntheses of (2E)‐3‐Dimethylamino‐2‐ propen‐1‐ones
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kommi Damodara N. , Chopra Pradeep , Ansari Md Imam , Chakraborti Asit K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA cascade organocatalysis is reported for the nucleophilic and electrophilic dual activation taking place in the reaction of methyl ketones or active methylene compounds with DMF‐DMA (N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal). L‐Proline serves as an efficient organocatalyst in the covalent and noncovalent synchronous mode for the ambiphilic activation of various aryl, heteroaryl, and styryl methyl ketones, cyclic ketones, and 1,3‐diketones with DMF‐DMA to achieve the convenient syntheses of the versatile synthons (2E)‐1‐aryl/heteroaryl/styryl‐3‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐propen‐1‐ones, (E)‐α‐[(dimethylamino)formylidene]cycloalkanones, and (E)‐2‐(dimethylamino)formylidene‐1,3‐diketones in high yields under solvent‐free conditions.
Reduced feedback load using user selection algorithms for the multiuser multi‐input single‐output systems
Authors: Khanfir Hajer , Ruyet Didier Le , Özbek Berna 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTFor wireless multiuser multi‐input single‐output communication systems with adaptive scheduling and precoding, the users have to feed back their channel state information. However, the amount of feedback data increases with the number of users and the number of transmit antennas. In this paper, we propose a criterion based on the orthogonality between the users’ channels to reduce this uplink load. Without cooperation between the users, we only allow users that are semi‐orthogonal to feed back their quantized channel information to the base station. We propose a lower bound on the sum rate for the proposed criterion. We show that the performance is almost independent of the number of quantized channel quality information and only channel direction information is important at the transmitter. Then, we consider a noisy feedback channel and propose an algorithm to reduce the noise effect on the analogue feedback.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rats use hippocampus to recognize positions of objects located in an inaccessible space
Authors: Levcik D. , Nekovarova T. , Stuchlik A. , Klement D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRat hippocampus plays a crucial role in many spatial tasks, including recognition of position of objects, which can be approached and explored. Whether hippocampus is also necessary for recognizing positions of objects located in an inaccessible part of the environment remains unclear. To address this question, we conditioned rats to press a lever when an object displayed on a distant computer screen was in a particular position (“reward position”) and not to press the lever when the object was in other positions (“nonreward positions”). After the rats had reached an asymptotic performance, the role of the dorsal hippocampus was assessed by blocking its activity with muscimol. The rats without functional dorsal hippocampus did not discriminate the reward position from the nonreward positions. Then the same rats were trained to discriminate light and dark conditions. The hippocampal inactivation did not disrupt the ability to discriminate these two conditions. It indicated that the inactivation itself had no major effect on the operant behavior and its control by visual stimuli. We conclude that rats use dorsal hippocampus for recognizing positions of objects located in an inaccessible part of the environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of the dentate gyrus in the formation of contextual representations
Authors: Morris Andrea M. , Weeden Christy S. , Churchwell John C. , Kesner Raymond P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe hippocampus is involved in encoding and integrating contextual information. Recently, it has been suggested that the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) hippocampal subregion may mediate the formation of contextual representations of the spatial environment through a conjunctive encoding process whereby incoming multimodal information is integrated into a single higher‐order representation. Despite anatomical evidence in support of this claim, behavioral evidence is limited. Therefore, a contextual associative learning paradigm was used to determine whether the dDG supports the formation of integrated contextual representations. Male Long‐Evans rats were randomly assigned as controls or to receive bilateral intracranial infusions of colchicine into the dDG. Following recovery from surgery, each rat was tested on an appetitive task that required animals to form an association between a cue (odor) and a context to receive a food reward. Each rat received 10 trials per day and was tested for 10 consecutive days. Upon completion of testing, animals were tested on an additional two‐choice olfactory and contextual discrimination task. The testing order was counterbalanced across animals. Results showed that control animals successfully acquired the contextual associative learning task for olfactory stimuli as indicated by improved performance across the 10 testing days. In contrast, animals with dDG lesions were impaired in the ability to acquire the odor‐context associations. Results from follow‐up odor and context discrimination tests indicated that both groups acquired the discriminations at similar rates. Therefore, it is unlikely that deficits in performance on the contextual associative learning task were due to an inability to discriminate between odors or contexts. The present findings provide further support for DG involvement in the formation of conjunctive contextual representations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic coding of dorsal hippocampal neurons between tasks that differ in structure and memory demand
Authors: Hallock Henry L. , Griffin Amy L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHippocampal place fields show remapping between environments that contain sufficiently different contextual features, a phenomenon that may reflect a mechanism for episodic memory formation. Previous studies have shown that place fields remap to changes in the configuration of visual landmarks in an environment. Other experiments have demonstrated that remapping can occur with experience, even when the visual features of an environment remain stable. A special case of remapping may be trajectory coding, the tendency for hippocampal neurons to exhibit different firing rates depending upon recently visited or upcoming spatial locations. To further delineate the conditions under which different task features elicit remapping, we recorded from place cells in dorsal CA1 of hippocampus while rats switched between tasks that differed in memory demand and task structure; continuous spatial alternation (CA), delayed spatial alternation (DA), and tactile‐visual conditional discrimination (CD). Individual hippocampal neurons and populations of simultaneously recorded neurons showed coherent remapping between CA and CD. However, task remapping was rarely seen between DA and CD. Analysis of individual units revealed that even though the population retained a coherent representation of task structure across the DA and CD tasks, the majority of individual neurons consistently remapped at some point during recording sessions. In contrast with previous studies, trajectory coding on the stem of the T‐maze was virtually absent during all of the tasks, suggesting that experience with multiple tasks in the same environment reduces the likelihood that hippocampal neurons will represent distinct trajectories. Trajectory coding was, however, observed during the delay period of DA. Whether place fields change in response to task or trial type or remain stable within the same environment may depend on which aspects of the context are most salient or relevant to behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploiting FOXM1‐orchestrated molecular network for early squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Teh Muy‐Teck , Hutchison Iain L. , Costea Daniela Elena , Neppelberg Evelyn , Liavaag Per Gunnar , Purdie Karin , Harwood Catherine , Wan Hong , Odell Edward W. , Hackshaw Allan , Waseem Ahmad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHistopathological discordance with molecular phenotype of many human cancers poses clinically challenging tasks for accurate cancer diagnosis, which impacts on treatment strategy and patient outcome. Hence, an objective, accurate and quantitative method is needed. A quantitative Malignancy Index Diagnostic System (qMIDS) was developed based on 14 FOXM1 (isoform B)‐associated genes implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle, differentiation, ageing, genomic stability, epigenetic and stem cell renewal, and two reference genes. Their mRNA expression levels were translated via a prospectively designed algorithm, into a metric scoring system. Subjects from UK and Norway (n = 299) provided 359 head and neck tissue specimens. Diagnostic test performance was assessed using detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR). The median qMIDS scores were 1.3, 2.9 and 6.7 in healthy tissue, dysplasia and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), respectively (UK prospective dataset, p<0.001); 1.4, 2.3 and 7.6 in unaffected, oral lichen planus, or HNSCC, respectively (Norwegian retrospective dataset with up to 19 years survival data, p<0.001). At a qMIDS cut‐off of 4.0, DR was 94% and FPR was 3.2% (Norwegian dataset); and DR was 91% and FPR was 1.3% (UK dataset). We further demonstrated the transferability of qMIDS for diagnosing premalignant human vulva (n = 58) and skin (n = 21) SCCs, illustrating its potential clinical use for other cancer types. This study provided evidence that qMIDS was able to quantitatively diagnose and objectively stratify cancer aggressiveness. With further validation, qMIDS could enable early HNSCC detection and guide appropriate treatment. Early treatment intervention can lead to long‐term reduction in healthcare costs and improve patient outcome.
Circulating interleukin‐6 level is a prognostic marker for survival in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Chang Chin Hao , Hsiao Chin Fu , Yeh Yu Min , Chang Gee Chen , Tsai Ying Huang , Chen Yuh Min , Huang Ming Shyan , Chen Hui Ling , Li Yao Jen , Yang Pan Chyr , Chen Chien Jen , Hsiung Chao A. , Su Wu Chou 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide as well as in Taiwan. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a multifunctional cytokine and has been implicated in tumor progression. This study recruited 245 patients with advanced (Stage 3B/4) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that had received chemotherapy, to evaluate associations between IL‐6 and lung cancer‐specific survival. Among these subjects, 112 gave blood samples before and 133 after the start of chemotherapy. Plasma IL‐6 was measured using an enzyme linked‐immunosorbent assay. The 33rd and 66th percentiles of IL‐6 concentrations were 2.01 and 25.16 for the 245 patients and were defined as the cutoff points for dividing the patients into low, intermediate and high groups. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional‐hazard models were used to evaluate the relationship between the IL‐6 level and survival time. Results after adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, histologic type and stage of lung cancer revealed a significant relationship. For all patients, the hazard ratio with high IL‐6 levels for lung cancer‐specific survival was 2.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49 − 2.96] compared with low IL‐6 levels. The hazard ratio for patients who were recruited before and after the start of chemotherapy was1.25 (95% CI = 0.73 − 2.13) and 3.66 (95% CI = 2.18 − 6.15), respectively. Patients with high circulating IL‐6 also responded poorly to chemotherapy. Therefore, a high level of circulating IL‐6 was associated with an inferior response and survival outcome in NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy.
Normalizing effect of SJSZ glycoprotein (38 kDa) on proliferating cell nuclear antigen and interferon‐γ in diethylnitrosamine‐induced mice splenocytes
Authors: Lee Jin , Lim Kye‐Taek 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOne of the immunosuppressive responses when hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in mammals is defective proliferation in the spleen. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of the Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini (SJSZ) glycoprotein on the proliferation of splenocytes induced by diethlynitrosamine (DEN). To assess whether the SJSZ glycoprotein modulates splenocyte proliferation, Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with DEN (50 mg/kg, BW) for 7 weeks. After 7 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and spleens were isolated. We evaluated [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), cell cycle‐related factors [p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1/cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4], proliferating cell nuclear antigen and interferon (IFN)‐γ using radiation activity, immunoblot analysis, and the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the SJSZ glycoprotein (10 mg/kg, BW) increased [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, ERK phosphorylation, expression levels of cyclin D1/cyclin dependent kinase 4, and IFN‐γ. However, the SJSZ glycoprotein decreased levels of p53, p21, and p27. Taken together, these results suggest that the SJSZ glycoprotein inhibited defective splenocyte proliferation induced by DEN. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 808–815, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determined GA by FI‐CE in Luminol‐H2O2 System
Authors: Dong Yanjie , Wang Zhongling 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIt was found that the chemiluminescence arising from the reaction of luminol with H2O2 involving Co(II)‐catalyzed in alkaline solution could be strongly inhibited by gibberellic acid. Based on this observation, a new flow injection chemiluminescence method is proposed for the determination of gibberellic acid. The detection limits of the method are 0.09 ng mL−1 gibberellic acid. The method was successfully applied to the determination of gibberellic acid in bacteria‐free culture liquid.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on Huge Gold (Au) Particles Prepared by a Pyrolysis Process of AuCl3 Dissolved in Distilled Water in the Presence of MWCNTs
Authors: Wang Yahui , Yang Fuli , Yang Hongwei , Zheng Chunbao , Cao Yanli , Ding Keqiang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGold (Au) huge particles were prepared by a pyrolysis process of AuCl3 dissolved in distilled water in the presence of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the obtained samples. The results showed that Au huge particles with a diameter close to 500 nm were fabricated. The electrocatalytic performance of the huge Au particles modified graphite electrode in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). It indicated that the pyrolysis time was a key factor that can affect the electrocatalysis of Au huge particles towards ORR. Developing a novel and simple method of pyrolysis for fabricating Au huge particles is the main contribution of this work, which will be very helpful in the preparation of Au huge particles on a large scale.
Functional asymmetries in early learning during right, left, and bimanual performance in right‐handed subjects
Authors: Aznárez‐Sanado Maite , Fernández‐Seara Maria A. , Loayza Francis R. , Pastor Maria A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To elucidate differences in activity and connectivity during early learning due to the performing hand.Materials and Methods:Twenty right‐handed subjects were recruited. The neural correlates of explicit visuospatial learning executed with the right, the left hand, and bimanually were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Connectivity analyses were carried out using the psychophysiological interactions model, considering right and left anterior putamen as index regions.Results:A common neural network was found for the three tasks during learning. Main activity increases were located in posterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, parietal cortex, anterior putamen, and cerebellum (IV–V), whereas activity decrements were observed in prefrontal regions. However, the left hand task showed a greater recruitment of left hippocampal areas when compared with the other tasks. In addition, enhanced connectivity between the right anterior putamen and motor cortical and cerebellar regions was found for the left hand when compared with the right hand task.Conclusion:An additional recruitment of brain regions and increased striato‐cortical and striato‐cerebellar functional connections is needed when early learning is performed with the nondominant hand. In addition, access to brain resources during learning may be directed by the dominant hand in the bimanual task. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:619–631. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of temperature on the autofluorescence of scattering and non‐scattering tissue
Authors: Walsh Alex J. , Masters D. Bart , Jansen E. Duco , Welch A.J. , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWith the increasing use of fluorescence in medical applications, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of temperature on tissue autofluorescence is essential. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of temperature on the fluorescence of porcine cornea and rat skin and determine the relative contributions of irreversible changes in optical properties and in fluorescence yield.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFluorescence, diffuse reflectance, and temperature measurements were acquired from excised porcine cornea and rat skin over a temperature range of 0–80°C. A dual excitation system was used with a 337 nm pulsed nitrogen laser for the fluorescence and a white light source for the diffuse reflectance measurements. A thermal camera measured tissue temperature. Optical property changes were inferred from diffuse reflectance measurements. The reversibility of the change in fluorescence was examined by acquiring measurements while the tissue sample cooled from the highest induced temperature to room temperature.ResultsThe fluorescence intensity decreased with increasing tissue temperature. This fluorescence change was reversible when the tissue was heated to a temperature of 45°C, but irreversible when heated to a temperature of 80°C.ConclusionAuto‐fluorescence intensity dependence on temperature appears to be a combination of temperature‐induced optical property changes and reduced fluorescence quantum yield due to changes in collagen structure. Temperature‐induced changes in measured fluorescence must be taken into consideration in applications where fluorescence is used to diagnose disease or guide therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 712–718, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[6]‐Gingerol induces bone loss in ovary intact adult mice and augments osteoclast function via the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel
Authors: Khan Kainat , Singh Akanksha , Mittal Monika , Sharan Kunal , Singh Nidhi , Dixit Preety , Sanyal Sabyasachi , Maurya Rakesh , Chattopadhyay Naibedya 
Published: October 2012

Scope[6]‐Gingerol, a major constituent of ginger, is considered to have several health beneficial effects. The effect of 6‐gingerol on bone cells and skeleton of mice was investigated.Methods and resultsThe effects of 6‐gingerol on mouse bone marrow macrophages and osteoblasts were studied. 6‐Gingerol‐stimulated osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow macrophages but had no effect on osteoblasts. Capsazepine, an inhibitor of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) channel, attenuated the pro‐osteoclastogenic effect of 6‐gingerol or capsaicin (an agonist of TRPV1). Similar to capsaicin, 6‐gingerol stimulated Ca2+ influx in osteoclasts. The effect of daily feeding of 6‐gingerol for 5 wk on the skeleton of adult female Balb/cByJ mice was investigated. Mice treated with capsaicin and ovariectomized (OVx) mice served as controls for osteopenia. 6‐Gingerol caused increase in trabecular osteoclast number, microarchitectural erosion at all trabecular sites and loss of vertebral stiffness, and these effects were comparable to capsaicin or OVx group. Osteoclast‐specific serum and gene markers of 6‐gingerol‐treated mice were higher than the OVx group. Bone formation was unaffected by 6‐gingerol.ConclusionDaily feeding of 6‐gingerol to skeletally mature female mice caused trabecular osteopenia, and the mechanism appeared to be activation of osteoclast formation via the TRPV1 channel.
Wie sich Ameisen in der Wüste orientieren
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractKohlendioxidschwaden, Vibrationen, Magnetismus, Schrittzähler und mehr: Wüstenameisen nutzen ein ganzes Arsenal von Methoden, um aus der eintönigen Umgebung ihres Lebensraums zu ihrem Nest zurückzufinden.
Alterungseffekte bei Polymerwerkstoffen messen
Authors: Wachtendorf Volker , Geburtig Anja 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBei der Auswahl von Werkstoffen spielt deren Alterung oft eine untergeordnete Rolle, stattdessen wird häufig der ungealterte Ausgangszustand optimiert. Materialien altern aber unterschiedlich. Der Effekt der molekularen Alterung spiegelt sich in den Eigenschaften mehr oder weniger stark und in unterschiedlichem zeitlichen Verlauf wider. Da es kein physikalisch‐chemisches Modell dafür gibt, sind Alterungseffekte empirisch zu bestimmen.
Die Kraft des Nichtkovalenten
Authors: Schmuck Carsten 
Published: October 2012

AbstractVor 25 Jahren ging der Chemienobelpreis an Forscher, welche die supramolekulare Chemie entwickelt hatten. Wie hat sich dieses Fachgebiet seitdem entwickelt? Welche Chancen bietet die supramolekulare Chemie heute und welche Herausforderungen sind noch zu meistern?