bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilayer BiFeO3/PbTiO3 Multiferroic Ceramic Composites Prepared by Tape Casting
Authors: Jin Guoxi , Chen Jianguo , Cheng Jinrong 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe BiFeO3 (BFO) / PbTiO3 (PT) multiferroic ceramic composites with multilayered structure were prepared from orderly laminated BFO and PT tapes by tape casting method. The dielectric constant εr, loss tanδ, remnant polarization Pr and field-induced strain of BFO/PT ceramic composites were 140 (1 kHz), 5% (1 kHz), 12 µC/cm2 (at 80 kV/cm) and 0.06% (at 80 kV/cm) respectively, which were comparable to those pure BFO ceramics and BFO-based solid solutions
High Transmission and Low Resistivity Cadmium Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Sol-Gel
Authors: Diliegros Godines Carolina. J. , Pérez Rebeca Castanedo , Delgado Gerardo Torres , Ángel Orlando Zelaya 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTransparent conducting cadmium tin oxide (CTO) thin films were obtained from a mixture of CdO and SnO2 precursor solutions by the dip-coating sol-gel technique. The thin films studied in this work were made with 7 coats (∼200 nm) on corning glass and quartz substrates. Each coating was deposited at a withdrawal speed of 2 cm/min, dried at 100°C for 1 hour and then sintered at 550°C for 1 hour in air. In order to decrease the resistivity values of the films, these were annealed in a vacuum atmosphere and another set of films were annealed in an Ar/CdS atmosphere. The annealing temperatures (Ta) were 450°C, 500°C and 550°C, as well as 600°C and 650°C, when corning glass and quartz substrates were used, respectively. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the films annealed in a vacuum showed that there is only the presence of CTO crystals for 450°C≤ Ta ≤ 600°C and CTO+SnO2 crystals for Ta=650°C. The films annealed in Ar/CdS atmosphere were only constituted of CTO crystals independent of the Ta. The minimum resistivity value obtained was ∼4 x 10-4 Ωcm (Rsheet= 20 Ω/□) for the films deposited on quartz and annealed at Ta=600°C under an Ar/CdS atmosphere. The films deposited on quartz showed the higher optical transmission (∼90%) with respect to the films deposited on corning glass substrates (∼85%) in the Uv-vis region. For their optical and electrical characteristics, these films are good candidates as transparent electrodes in solar cells.
Why is the Tc So High in Fe-Based Pnictide and Chalcogenide Superconductors?
Authors: Lv Bing , Deng Liangzi , Wu Zheng , Wei Fengyan , Zhao Kui , Meen James K. , Xue Yu-Yi , Wang Li-Li , Ma Xu-Cun , Xue Qi-Kun , Chu Ching-Wu 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTRecently, the detection of non-bulk superconductivity with unexpectedly high onset-Tcs up to 49 K in Pr-doped CaFe2As2 [(Ca,Pr)122] single crystals and the report of a Tc up to 65 K in one-unit-cell (1UC) FeSe epi-films, offer an unusual opportunity to seek an answer to the question posed in the title. Through systematic compositional, structural, resistive, and magnetic investigations on (Ca,Pr)122 single crystals, we have observed a doping-level-independent Tc, the simultaneous appearance of superparamagnetism and superconductivity, large magnetic anisotropy, and the existence of mesoscopic-2D structures in these crystals, thus providing clear evidence consistent with the proposed interface-enhanced Tc in these naturally occurring rareearth-doped Fe-based superconductors, (Ca,R)122. Similar resistive and magnetic measurements were also made on the 3–4UC FeSe ultrathin epi-films. We have detected weak links in the Meissner state below 20 K, weakly coupled small superconducting patches between 20–45 K, and collective excitations of spin and/or superconducting nature between 45–80 K. The unusual frequency dependences of the diamagnetic moment observed in the films in different temperature ranges will be presented and their implications discussed.
UV Organic Semiconductor Photoconductor with Low Dark Current at High Electric Field
Authors: Shafique Umar , Karim Karim S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTOrganic semiconductor technology paves the way to low cost lightweight, flexible, printable electronics circuits and sensors. A novel lateral multilayer organic semiconductor photosensor is fabricated using small molecule organic semiconductor. A specialized interface layer is introduced between the metal electrodes and the organic semiconductor layer. The interface layer material is a large band gap and low electronic conductivity material. The use of interface layer limits the charge injection from the electrodes to the organic semiconductor and overall improves the photosensor dark current performance with an additional advantage to apply high voltage for improved collection. This design has low dark current with high photo-to-dark current ratio and can be set to high bias mode of operation.Lateral interdigitated photodetector, with bottom contact Metal Semiconductor Metal (MSM) is fabricated consisting of interface layer and organic semiconductor bilayer. Small molecule organic semiconductor 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) and Copper-Phthalocyanine (CuPc) are used as the active bilayer, where as polyamide forms the interface layer. Current through the sensor is measured in both dark and in light (wavelength 400nm). The dark current density in a 1mm2 photosensor area with 5μm lateral electrode spacing at 10V/μm measured equal to 10-5mA/cm2 and a photocurrent density of 10-3 mA/cm2 under 0.3mW/cm2 incident optical power. The photo to dark current ratio is measured to be equal to ∼103.This photosensor has an application in large area imaging for example portable lightweight detectors. Other applications of this sensor include indirect medial imaging and as a biosensor in UV Spectroscopy study of bacteria cultures.
Imbibition and Water Blockage In Unconventional Reservoirs: Well-Management Implications During Flowback and Early Production
Authors: Bertoncello A.. , Wallace J.. , Blyton C.. , Honarpour M.. , Kabir C.S.. S. 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Driven by field logistics in an unconventional setting, a well may undergo weeks to months of shut-in after hydraulic-fracture stimulation. In unconventional reservoirs, field experiences indicate that such shut-in episodes may improve well productivity significantly while reducing water production. Multiphase-flow mechanisms were found to explain this behavior. Aided by laboratory relative permeability and capillary pressure data, and their dependency on stress in a shale-gas reservoir, the flow-simulation model was able to reproduce the suspected water-blocking behavior. Results demonstrate that a well-resting period improves early productivity and reduces water production. The results also indicate that minimizing water invasion in the formation is crucial to avoid significant water blockage.
Gas-Production-Data Analysis of Variable-Pressure-Drawdown/Variable-Rate Systems: A Density-Based Approach
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ayala H. Luis F. 
Published: September 2014

Summary
This study demonstrates that production-data analysis of variable-bottomhole-flowing-pressure/variable-rate gas wells under boundary-dominated flow (BDF) is possible by use of a density-based approach. In this approach, governing equations are expressed in terms of density variables and dimensionless viscosity/compressibility ratios. Previously, the methodology was successfully used to derive rescaled exponential models for gas-rate-decline analysis of wells primarily producing at constant bottomhole pressure (Ayala and Ye 2013a, b; Ayala and Zhang 2013; Ye and Ayala 2013; Zhang and Ayala 2014). For the case of natural-gas systems experiencing BDF, gas-well-performance analysis has been made largely possible by invoking the concepts of pseudotime, normalized pseudotime, or material-balance pseudotime. The density-based methodology rigorously derived in this study, however, does not use any type of pseudotime calculations, even for variable-rate/variable-pressure-drawdown cases. The methodology enables straightforward original-gas-in-place calculations and gas-well-performance forecasting by means of type curves or straight-line analysis. A number of field and numerical case studies are presented to showcase the capabilities of the proposed approach.
Efficacy and Safety of Mirogabalin (DS-5565) for the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active Comparator–Controlled, Adaptive Proof-of-Concept Phase 2 Study
Authors: Vinik Aaron , Rosenstock Julio , Sharma Uma , Feins Karen , Hsu Ching , Merante Domenico 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to identify doses of mirogabalin (DS-5565) providing clinically meaningful efficacy with manageable side effects for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adults (≥18 years) with type 1 or 2 diabetes, HbA1c ≤10% at screening, and DPNP for ≥6 months were eligible for study participation. Subjects (n = 452) were randomized (2:1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio) to placebo, dose-ranging mirogabalin (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 mg/day), or pregabalin (300 mg/day) for 5 weeks. The primary end point was weekly change in average daily pain score (ADPS; 0 to 10 numeric rating scale) from baseline to week 5 (minimally meaningful effect, ≥1.0-point decrease versus placebo). ANCOVA was conducted using last observation carried forward, and treatment effect least squares (LS) means were provided for each contrast. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms.

RESULTS
LS mean differences in change in ADPS from baseline to week 5 versus placebo were –0.22, –0.53, –0.94, –0.88, and –1.01 for the mirogabalin 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 30-mg/day treatment groups, respectively, and –0.05 in the pregabalin group (P &lt; 0.05 versus placebo for mirogabalin 15, 20, and 30 mg/day). Most frequent AEs (n = 277) were primarily mild to moderate dizziness (9.4%), somnolence (6.1%), and headache (6.1%); otherwise, mirogabalin was well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
Mirogabalin 15, 20, and 30 mg/day had statistically significant reductions in ADPS versus placebo, and mirogabalin 30 mg/day also met the criteria of minimally meaningful effect. Mirogabalin may be a promising new treatment option for patients with DPNP.
Sport and Social Deviations - a Prognostic Attitude
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author focuses his attention first of all on social deviations which play a negative role in highly competitive sport. He tries to define - from the viewpoint of philosophy - how they will influence its future form.
He proclaims that in philosophy there are at least two options: a. the one negating justifiability of philosophical statements on the future, b. the one affirming that justifiability - after Aurelius Augustine and Hegel.
The author takes into account the second viewpoint and comes to the conclusion that as a philosopher (not a futurologist) he has the right to formulate hypothetical statements (referring to assumptions of the metaphysical hypothesis) on the influence of deviations on sport in the future.
He pays attention first of all to increasing aggression - both in forms permitted and not permitted by the regulations - and the growing number of injuries among athletes. He maintains that both those injuries as well as phenomena connected with commercialization - such as reification, atomization and alienation (constituting reasons for possible disorders in the field of physical, mental and relational health) will contribute to worsening the image and deformation of sense and essence neither of sport as such, nor of particular sports. This also applies to corruption, poaching, fans’ frustration and aggression, doping, alcoholism and nicotinism.
He maintains also that social deviations coming from political, ideological, religious, racial and other similar factors will be less and less significant (admittedly they will not disappear, but their number and influence will be considerably limited).
Elevation changes and dynamic provinces of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, derived using generalized spatial surface roughness from ICESat GLAS and ATM data
Authors: Herzfeld Ute C. , McDonald Brian , Wallin Bruce F. , Krabill William , Manizade Serdar , Sonntag John , Mayer Helmut , Yearsley William Alex , Chen Phillip A. , Weltman Alexander 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOur objective is to map dynamic provinces and investigate dynamic changes in Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland. We use an approach that combines structural glaciology and remote-sensing data analysis, facilitated by mathematical characterization of generalized spatial surface roughness that provides parameters related to ice dynamics, deformation and interaction of the ice with bed topography. The approach is applied to derive time series of elevation and roughness changes and to attribute changes during rapid retreat. Different dynamic types of fast- and slow-moving ice can be mapped from ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System data (2003–09) and Airborne Topographic Mapper data, using spatial roughness characterization, validated with ASTER and bed-topographic data. Results of comparative analysis of elevation changes and roughness changes of Jakobshavn south ice stream indicate (1) surface lowering of 10–15 m a-1 between 2004 and 2009 and (2) no change in surface roughness and dynamic types. These findings are consistent with a front retreat as part of a fjord-glacier cycle or following warming of fjord water and with climatic warming, but not with an internal dynamic acceleration as a cause of the observed changes during rapid retreat. Relationships to changes in basal water pressure are discussed. All glaciodynamic changes appear to have initiated near the front and propagated up-glacier.
Progress and controversies: Radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Martin Neil E. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: September 2014

Answer questions and earn CME/CNERadiation therapy remains a standard treatment option for men with localized prostate cancer. Alone or in combination with androgen‐deprivation therapy, it represents a curative treatment and has been shown to prolong survival in selected populations. In this article, the authors review recent advances in prostate radiation—treatment techniques, photon versus proton radiation, modification of treatment fractionation, and brachytherapy—all focusing on disease control and the impact on morbidity. Also discussed are refinements in the risk stratification of men with prostate cancer and how these are better for matching patients to appropriate treatment, particularly around combined androgen‐deprivation therapy. Many of these advances have cost and treatment burden implications, which have significant repercussions given the prevalence of prostate cancer. The discussion includes approaches to improve value and future directions for research. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:389–407. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Chromosome behavior at the base of the angiosperm radiation: Karyology of Trithuria submersa (Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales)
Authors: Kynast Ralf G. , Joseph Jeffrey A. , Pellicer Jaume , Ramsay Margaret M. , Rudall Paula J. 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Hydatellaceae are minute annual herbs with potential as a model system for studying early angiosperm evolution, but their karyology and ploidy levels are almost unknown. We investigated these aspects of Trithuria submersa, a widespread species that we show to be amenable to extended vegetative propagation.• Methods: We cultivated plants of T. submersa in vitro after developing and optimizing culture conditions. We estimated genome size using flow cytometry, counted chromosome numbers using root‐meristem squashes after Feulgen staining, and examined meiotic chromosome behavior using microsporocytes.• Key results: We developed methods to reliably germinate seeds of T. submersa and to propagate them vegetatively in critical thermo‐ and photoperiod regimes on 1/2 Murashige–Skoog (MS) medium with vitamins and 2% sucrose solidified with 0.7% agar‐agar. Seedling growth requires the medium be supplemented with activated charcoal. The mean nuclear DNA content of T. submersa sporophytes is 2C = 2.74 pg (∼2.68 Gbp). The sporophytic chromosome number is 2n = 56 with a bimodal complement, which may suggest an allopolyploid origin. Some of the largest chromosomes lack a recognizable constriction, which relates to a highly unusual and irregular chromosome behavior. Microsporocytes undergo reduced and asynchronous meioses that show a modified intermediate cell division with a nucleus division by fractional postreduction, indicating partially inverted microsporogenesis.• Conclusions: In vitro cultivation and karyological assessment of T. submersa open new opportunities for investigating early‐divergent angiosperms. The remarkably different meiotic behavior exhibits new insights into a potentially ancestral microsporogenesis.
Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure
Authors: Panas Alicja , Comouth Andreas , Saathoff Harald , Leisner Thomas , Al-Rawi Marco , Simon Michael , Seemann Gunnar , Dössel Olaf , Mülhopt Sonja , Paur Hanns-Rudolf , Fritsch-Decker Susanne , Weiss Carsten , Diabaté Silvia 
Published: September 2014

Background: Investigations on adverse biological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) in the lung by in vitro studies are usually performed under submerged conditions where NPs are suspended in cell culture media. However, the behaviour of nanoparticles such as agglomeration and sedimentation in such complex suspensions is difficult to control and hence the deposited cellular dose often remains unknown. Moreover, the cellular responses to NPs under submerged culture conditions might differ from those observed at physiological settings at the air–liquid interface.Results: In order to avoid problems because of an altered behaviour of the nanoparticles in cell culture medium and to mimic a more realistic situation relevant for inhalation, human A549 lung epithelial cells were exposed to aerosols at the air–liquid interphase (ALI) by using the ALI deposition apparatus (ALIDA). The application of an electrostatic field allowed for particle deposition efficiencies that were higher by a factor of more than 20 compared to the unmodified VITROCELL deposition system. We studied two different amorphous silica nanoparticles (particles produced by flame synthesis and particles produced in suspension by the Stöber method). Aerosols with well-defined particle sizes and concentrations were generated by using a commercial electrospray generator or an atomizer. Only the electrospray method allowed for the generation of an aerosol containing monodisperse NPs. However, the deposited mass and surface dose of the particles was too low to induce cellular responses. Therefore, we generated the aerosol with an atomizer which supplied agglomerates and thus allowed a particle deposition with a three orders of magnitude higher mass and of surface doses on lung cells that induced significant biological effects. The deposited dose was estimated and independently validated by measurements using either transmission electron microscopy or, in case of labelled NPs, by fluorescence analyses. Surprisingly, cells exposed at the ALI were less sensitive to silica NPs as evidenced by reduced cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses.Conclusion: Amorphous silica NPs induced qualitatively similar cellular responses under submerged conditions and at the ALI. However, submerged exposure to NPs triggers stronger effects at much lower cellular doses. Hence, more studies are warranted to decipher whether cells at the ALI are in general less vulnerable to NPs or specific NPs show different activities dependent on the exposure method.
Mépris et répression de la prise de parole en public. Construction d'une domination symbolique profane dans une copropriété et dénonciation publique
Authors: Motta Alessio 
Published: September 2014

Des copropriétaires d’une tour se mobilisent et dénoncent un « complot » du syndic et du conseil syndical pour licencier leur gardien. Parmi eux, quelques savants rétifs à ces dénonciations qui, subissant un renversement de domination symbolique, se trouvent raillés pour leur naïveté. La conquête de la parole ici réalisée par les profanes tend à valider l’hypothèse selon laquelle les exclusions au seuil des espaces publics sont essentiellement le fruit des petites humiliations que les dominants y infligent.
Retrouver la face par la participation. Ethnographie de la fragile élaboration d'une œuvre d'art par des adolescents dans un quartier populaire
Authors: Pecqueux Anthony 
Published: September 2014

Cet article est une ethnographie de la réalisation par des adolescents d’un film numérique participatif en pied d’immeuble dans un quartier populaire. Il en rend compte en mettant en évidence les contraintes du dispositif ; en montrant que, malgré ces contraintes, le film se poursuit et se recommence à chaque séance, en puisant une part importante de sa dynamique dans une dimension collective, sa valuation ; enfin en analysant les conséquences « heureuses » susceptibles d’en émerger (quoique difficilement), à savoir permettre à certains adolescents de revaloriser, par le biais du film, leur face dégradée.
Vaincre la mucoviscidose et maîtriser la tarification à l'activité. Un cas d'activisme gestionnaire
Authors: Juven Pierre-André 
Published: September 2014

De nombreux travaux ont mis en avant l’outillage progressif du patient en termes de savoirs pour faire face à l’expertise médicale. Si cet apprentissage a été nécessaire aux associations de patients, un second mode d’activisme semble désormais à l’œuvre ; celui consistant en l’acquisition d’un savoir gestionnaire permettant à ces associations de faire face cette fois-ci, non pas aux experts médicaux, mais aux tutelles, tout particulièrement en contestant la valeur attribuée à des traitements ou à des prises en charge. Récemment, l’association Vaincre La Mucoviscidose a entrepris de contester, auprès des pouvoirs publics, la tarification de la prise en charge de cette maladie. Nous montrons ici comment cette critique a été produite et en quoi elle renouvelle les modalités d’intervention des associations de patients dans le cours de l’action publique.
L'innovation pédagogique par le bas ? PISA et la profanation de l'école-sanctuaire par la mondialisation dans l'enseignement littéraire
Authors: Guiney Martin 
Published: September 2014

Pour mieux transmettre la culture littéraire héritée à la majorité des élèves, les pédagogues de l'enseignement général (destiné à la population entière) innovent sans cesse. Depuis l'an 2000, les épreuves de PISA (programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves) placent la lecture au rang de compétence nécessaire pour accélérer la croissance, ce qui constitue de fait une nouvelle source extérieure d'innovation pédagogique ; la question de savoir si PISA peut faire avancer l'enseignement littéraire selon des critères économiques sans sacrifier la littérarité s'impose.