bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Bridging of the Rural–Urban Divide: Comparison of Scope, Safety, and Impact of Collaborative Rural Surgery Camps and an Urban Surgical Program
Authors: Belle Janeil M. , Bang Rani A. , Kelkar Dhananjay , Østbye Truls , Lagoo‐Deenadayalan Sandhya A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn medically under‐resourced regions worldwide, non‐permanent surgery programs or camps have been conducted to expand access to surgical services. Surgery camp programs have been reported in rural India, primarily in the ophthalmic and obstetric fields; however, the provision of general surgical services in these settings is largely unknown.MethodsA 12‐month retrospective review of non‐ambulatory procedures performed at a rural hospital surgery camp program and at an urban hospital in Maharashtra, India, was completed to characterize relative differences in procedural activity, frequency and severity of perioperative complications, and to evaluate efficacy of care.ResultsA total of 449 cases performed in rural hospital surgery camps were compared with 344 cases performed in an urban hospital during the course of the study period. The majority of rural surgical cases were elective and of intermediate complexity. Approximately 4 % of rural cases were complex‐major compared to 17 % of urban cases. Intraoperative complications occurred in 0.2 % rural cases compared to 5.5 % of urban cases; p = 0.01. Postoperative complications were predominantly low grade in both groups. The postoperative complication rate was higher among rural surgical patients (43.4 %; 23.5 %; p < 0.01), though the Surgical Risk Score was significantly lower in this group (p < 0. 01). Rural surgery camp activity over 12 months achieved diagnostic and/or therapeutic goals in 92.2 % of procedures and rendered 1.74–2.69 disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) averted per patient.ConclusionsRural general surgery camps can safely and effectively provide a wide range of surgical services under appropriate collaborative and clinical conditions. Surgery camps may be a safe, temporizing solution to unmet needs until substantial gains in rural healthcare are realized.
A comparison of diversity and species composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) between conifer plantations and regenerating forests in Korea
Authors: Jung Jong‐Kook , Kim Seung‐Tae , Lee Sue Yeon , Park Chang‐Gyu , Park Jong‐Kyun , Lee Joon‐Ho 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGround beetles were collected by pitfall trapping to compare their species richness between conifer plantations (14 sites) and regenerating forests (14 sites) and among forest ages and to examine how different functional groups responded to forest type, forest age, patch size, elevation, and geographic location in terms of abundance and richness. Ground beetles were collected from middle August to late October, 2008. A total of 34 species were identified from 3,156 collected ground beetles. Individual‐based rarefaction curves showed greater species richness in regenerating forests, especially in 40–50‐year‐old forests, than in conifer plantations. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that patch size and elevation were major predictors of species richness and/or abundance of forest specialists, brachypterous species, and large‐ and medium‐bodied species. A multivariate regression tree indicated that patch size and elevation were major predictors of assemblage structure. Although our results suggest that maintaining forest areas adjacent to agricultural landscapes may be essential to preserve ground beetle assemblages irrespective of forest types, further study is necessary to clarify the effects of habitat quality and amount on ground beetles in forests.
Ejecta evolution during cone impact
Authors: Marston J. O. , Thoroddsen S. T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present findings from an experimental investigation into the impact of solid cone-shaped bodies onto liquid pools. Using a variety of cone angles and liquid physical properties, we show that the ejecta formed during the impact exhibits self-similarity for all impact speeds for very low surface tension liquids, whilst for high-surface tension liquids similarity is only achieved at high impact speeds. We find that the ejecta tip can detach from the cone and that this phenomenon can be attributed to the air entrainment phenomenon. We analyse of a range of cone angles, including some ogive cones, and impact speeds in terms of the spatiotemporal evolution of the ejecta tip. Using superhydrophobic cones, we also examine the entry of cones which entrain an air layer.
Turbulent wake past a three-dimensional blunt body. Part 2. Experimental sensitivity analysis
Authors: Grandemange M. , Gohlke M. , Cadot O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe sensitivity of the flow around three-dimensional blunt geometry is investigated experimentally at Reynolds number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}9.2\times 10^4$. Vertical and horizontal control cylinders are used to disturb the natural flow which is the superposition of two reflectional symmetry breaking states (see Part 1 of this study, Grandemange, Gohlke & Cadot, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 722, 2013b, pp. 51–84). When the perturbation breaks the symmetry of the set-up, it can select one of the two asymmetric topologies so that a mean side force is found. When the reflectional symmetry is preserved, some positions of horizontal and vertical control cylinders alter the natural bi-stability of the flow which may result in drag reduction. In addition, it is found that the horizontal perturbation affects the lift force especially when the top and bottom mixing layers are disturbed. The ability of the disturbances to suppress the bi-stable behaviour is discussed and, introducing a formalism of induced drag, a quantification of the impact on the drag of the cross-flow forces observed for the natural bi-stable wake is suggested. Finally, a general concept for a control strategy of separated flows past three-dimensional bluff bodies can be drawn up from these analyses.
A class of exact Navier–Stokes solutions for homogeneous flat-plate boundary layers and their linear stability
Authors: John Michael O. , Obrist Dominik , Kleiser Leonhard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe introduce a new boundary layer formalism on the basis of which a class of exact solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations is derived. These solutions describe laminar boundary layer flows past a flat plate under the assumption of one homogeneous direction, such as the classical swept Hiemenz boundary layer (SHBL), the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL) and the oblique impingement boundary layer. The linear stability of these new solutions is investigated, uncovering new results for the SHBL and the ASBL. Previously, each of these flows had been described with its own formalism and coordinate system, such that the solutions could not be transformed into each other. Using a new compound formalism, we are able to show that the ASBL is the physical limit of the SHBL with wall suction when the chordwise velocity component vanishes while the homogeneous sweep velocity is maintained. A corresponding non-dimensionalization is proposed, which allows conversion of the new Reynolds number definition to the classical ones. Linear stability analysis for the new class of solutions reveals a compound neutral surface which contains the classical neutral curves of the SHBL and the ASBL. It is shown that the linearly most unstable Görtler–Hämmerlin modes of the SHBL smoothly transform into Tollmien–Schlichting modes as the chordwise velocity vanishes. These results are useful for transition prediction of the attachment-line instability, especially concerning the use of suction to stabilize boundary layers of swept-wing aircraft.
Treasury Bond Illiquidity and Global Equity Returns
Authors: Goyenko Ruslan , Sarkissian Sergei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, using data from 46 markets and a 34-year time period, we examine the impact of the illiquidity of U.S. Treasuries on global asset valuation. We find that it predicts equity returns in both developed and emerging markets. This predictive relation remains intact after controlling for various world- and country-level variables. Asset pricing tests further reveal that bond illiquidity is a priced factor even in the presence of other conventional risks. Since the illiquidity of Treasuries is known to reflect monetary and macroeconomic shocks, our results suggest that it can be considered a proxy for aggregate worldwide risks.
Differences in the compatibility of infection between the liver flukes Fascioloides magna and Fasciola hepatica in a Colombian population of the snail Galba sp.
Authors: Dreyfuss G. , Correa A.C. , Djuikwo-Teukeng F.F. , Novobilský A. , Höglund J. , Pankrác J. , Kašný M. , Vignoles P. , Hurtrez-Boussès S. , Pointier J.P. , Rondelaud D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractExperimental infections of Galba sp. (origin, Colombia) with allopatric isolates of Fasciola hepatica from France or Fascioloides magna from the Czech Republic were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of either parasite. In snails exposed to F. hepatica, 7 of 400 snails harboured several rediae and only two snails contained a small number of free cercariae on day 50 post-exposure. In contrast, the intensity of F. magna infection in Galba sp. progressively increased from the F1 to F5 generations. Spontaneous cercarial shedding of F. magna occurred in 7 of 100 Galba sp. belonging to the F5 generation and the number of shed cercariae did not differ significantly from that noted in control Galba truncatula of French origin. Galba sp. from Colombia can be added to the list of potential intermediate hosts for F. magna.
Xylitol and its usage in ENT practice
Authors: Sakallioğlu Ö , Güvenç I Adadan , Cingi C 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground:Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol. Natural sources of xylitol include plums, strawberries and raspberries. Xylitol is commercially available in chewing gums, lozenges, syrups, nasal sprays, toothpastes, mouthwashes and other products in some countries. It has gained relative prominence in the past decade as a naturally occurring antibacterial agent.Objective:A review of contemporary literature was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of xylitol usage in ENT practice.Method:The English-language literature was searched using the following terms: xylitol, otitis media, nasal, sinusitis, dental caries and preventive therapy. The articles identified were included in this review.Results:Xylitol has no antibacterial properties of its own; rather, it appears to enhance the body's own innate immunity. Xylitol has anti-adhesive effects on micro-organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans, inhibiting their growth. Xylitol has already been used for preventing otitis media, rhinosinusitis and dental caries. The worldwide spread of drug-resistant strains of pneumococci substantiates the need for new approaches to prevent ENT-related infectious diseases.Conclusion:Xylitol may be a promising agent for this purpose in ENT practice, but further experimental and clinical studies are required.
Diseases of cultured marine fishes caused by Platyhelminthes (Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda)
Authors: OGAWA K. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYMariculture is a rapidly developing industrial sector. Generally, fish are maintained in net cages with high density. Cage culture systems allow uncontrolled flow of sea water containing potentially infectious stages of fish parasites. In such culture conditions, prevention of such parasitic infections is difficult for parasites with life cycles that complete within culture sites, among which monogeneans and blood flukes are the most important platyhelminthes. Intense monogenean infections induce respiratory and osmo-regulatory dysfunctions. A variety of control measures have been developed, including freshwater bath treatment and chemotherapy. The potential to control monogenean infections through selective breeding, modified culture techniques to avoid infection, and general fish health management are discussed. It should be noted that mariculture conditions have provided some host-specific monogeneans with a chance to expand their host ranges. Blood flukes sometimes induce mass mortality among farmed fish. In-feed administration of praziquantel is the best solution to treat infected fish. Some cases are described that show how international trade in marine fish has resulted in the spread of hitherto unknown parasites into indigenous farmed and wild fish.
Challenges of treatment of aortic obstruction in Takayasu disease
Authors: Ovaert Caroline , Gitenay Edouard , Fraisse Alain 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDiffuse aortitis, as seen in Takayasu disease, is characterised by extreme wall fragility, associated with a high risk of complications such as dissection and aneurysm formation, following endovascular treatment. We report a patient with Takayasu disease who presented with a very difficult clinical course associated with several unfavourable outcomes of stent insertion.
The contradictions of participatory architecture and Empire
Authors: Kaminer Tahl 
Published: July 2014

There is nothing, no ‘naked life’, no external standpoint, that can be posed outside this field permeated by money, nothing escapes money.In 2009, an international masterclass at the Berlage Institute studied a street market in a deprived Rotterdam neighbourhood, the Afrikaanderplein. Headed by Teddy Cruz and supported by Jeanne van Heeswijk and Miguel Robles-Duran – three socially and politically committed architects and artists – the group produced a critique of the tight control and regulation of the market by authorities. The group's proposals were, basically, to liberalise and deregulate the market.Whether the Afrikaanderplein market is a case which merits deregulation depends, of course, on the specific conditions the group detected in the area. More important here, however, is that the proposals appear, at least superficially, to contrast the anti-neoliberal and radical positions of the three individuals directing the group.
Reorienting innovation: transdisciplinary research and building technology
Authors: Gutierrez Maria-Paz 
Published: July 2014

Over fifty years ago at the RIBA’s 1958 Oxford Conference, discussions about architectural research and science posed seminal questions about the very nature of creativity in architectural research and education. Leslie Martin observed that research is the tool by which theory is advanced. For more than half a century, we have seen traces of scientific research fuelling the advancement of architectural knowledge and its feedback loops into practice. Yet, interrogations around how architectural creativity is affected by intersections with the sciences are not new. The Bauhaus, for example, sought to integrate scientific thought in architectural education in 1936. Thus, why are emerging interdisciplinary collaborations where architecture, engineering and science converge at the inception of design potentially transformative?Increasing attempts to accelerate the pace of innovation in sustainable building technology is engendering pioneering intersections between architecture, engineering and natural science disciplines such as bioengineering and chemistry. The broad disciplinary breadth of these research processes inevitably requires mediating the diverse values, perspectives and research methodologies of disciplines that pursue innovation in different ways. However, to what extent is this new interdisciplinary convergence possibly transformative? Could it be that these processes, particularly in building technology innovation, may be influencing scientists and engineers to rethink how design problems are conceptualised and researched?
Adherence in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial on prophylactic iron supplementation during pregnancy in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Nwaru Bright I , Salomé Graça , Abacassamo Fatima , Augusto Orvalho , Cliff Julie , Sousa Cesar , Regushevskaya Elena , Parkkali Saara , Hemminki Elina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveAssessing the level of adherence and its determinants is important in appraising the overall effectiveness of trials. The present study aimed to evaluate the extent of adherence and its determinants in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of Fe prophylaxis during pregnancy in Maputo, Mozambique.DesignA pragmatic randomized controlled trial.SettingTwo health centres (1o de Maio and Machava) in Maputo, Mozambique.SubjectsPregnant women (≥12 weeks’ gestation, ≥18 years old, non-high-risk pregnancy; n 4326) attending prenatal care consultations at two health centres were randomized to receive routine Fe (n 2184; 60 mg ferrous sulfate plus 400 μg folic acid daily throughout pregnancy) or selective Fe (n 2142; screening and treatment for anaemia and daily intake of 1 mg folic acid).ResultsThe level of adherence was 79 % for having two or more visits, 53 % for adequate prenatal care and 67 % for complete intake of Fe/folic acid tablets during the trial. The correlation between the adherence measures ranged between 0·151 and 0·739. Adherence did not differ by trial arm, but there were centre differences in adequate prenatal visits and intake of tablets. Older women (>20 years) and those with a history of abortion were more likely to achieve greater adherence, whereas an increased number of previous births decreased the likelihood of adherence. HIV positivity decreased the likelihood of adherence in one trial centre and increased it in the other.ConclusionsThe variation in adherence by trial centre, women’s characteristics and outcome measures suggests that adherence in trials fully depends on participants’ behaviour and can be increased by paying attention to contextual factors.
Metallographic Assessment of Al-12Si High-Pressure Die Casting Escalator Steps
Authors: Vander Voort George Frederic , Suárez-Peña Beatriz , Asensio-Lozano Juan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA microstructural characterization study was performed on high-pressure die cast specimens extracted from escalator steps manufactured from an Al-12 wt.% Si alloy designed for structural applications. Black and white, color light optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to conduct the microstructural analysis. Most regions in the samples studied contained globular-rosette primaryα-Al grains surrounded by an Al-Si eutectic aggregate, while primary dendriticα-Al grains were present in the surface layer. This dendritic microstructure was observed in the regions where the melt did not impinge directly on the die surface during cavity filling. Consequently, microstructures in the surface layer were nonuniform. Utilizing physical metallurgy principles, these results were analyzed in terms of the applied pressure and filling velocity during high-pressure die casting. The effects of these parameters on solidification at different locations of the casting are discussed.
RAMANUJAN SERIES UPSIDE-DOWN
Authors: GUILLERA JESUS , ROGERS MATHEW 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe prove that there is a correspondence between Ramanujan-type formulas for$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1/\pi $and formulas for Dirichlet$L$-values. Our method also allows us to reduce certain values of the Epstein zeta function to rapidly converging hypergeometric functions. The Epstein zeta functions were previously studied by Glasser and Zucker.
1. Metodologia
Authors: de Girolamo Giovanni , Picardi Angelo , Santone Giovanni , Semisa Domenico , Morosini Pierluigi , Micciolo Rocco 
Published: July 2014

Il progetto è stato articolato in due fasi. Nella prima, definita di censimento, dopo aver stabilito una intensa rete di contatti con gli Assessorati Regionali competenti, le ASL ed i DSM, è stata somministrata a tutti i responsabili delle SR con almeno 4 posti residenziali una scheda apposita. Attraverso l'elaborazione dei risultati così ottenuti si è ottenuta una ‘fotografia’ complessiva delle SR in Italia: sono state censite, alla data del 30 giugno 2000, 1.370 SR con 17.138 posti residenziali ed un tasso di 2,9 letti per 10.000 abitanti (de Girolamo et al., 2002). La prima fase di questo studio ha anche documentato notevoli variazioni interregionali sia nel tasso di posti-letto che nel numero degli operatori, un'elevata proporzione (circa il 40%) di pazienti dimessi dagli Ospedali Psichiatrici (O.P.) ed un basso turnover dei residenti.Alla fase 2 hanno preso parte tutte le regioni italiane ad eccezione dell'Abruzzo, in cui problemi di carattere organizzativo hanno reso impossibile la valutazione dettagliata delle SR; in fase 1 erano state censite in questa regione 64 SR con 856 ospiti. Sulla base dei risultati della fase 1, si è calcolato che una proporzione pari al 20% circa delle SR avrebbe consentito di selezionare un campione finale comprendente circa 3.000 pazienti, sufficientemente ampio da permettere di comparare sottogruppi differenziati rispetto a caratteristiche sociodemografiche, cliniche ed assistenziali.
7. Una esperienza di formazione per operatori di SR: il progetto siciliano
Authors: Argentino Paola 
Published: July 2014

Il progetto PROGRES prevedeva, laddove vi fossero state le condizioni, una fase successiva alla ricerca in senso stretto, volta a realizzare corsi di formazione per operatori di SR (fase 3), a partire proprio dalle informazioni raccolte nell'ambito della ricerca. Nella Regione Siciliana, grazie all'impegno dell'Assessorato alla Sanità, è stato possibile realizzare la fase 3 (Argentino, 2002, 2003). Il progetto di formazione si è sviluppato in due programmi, di base e avanzato. Il programma di base prevedeva l'addestramento degli operatori all'utilizzo dei principi e delle metodologie di valutazione e pianificazione descritti nel manuale per la ‘Valutazione di Abilità e Definizione di Obiettivi’ (VADO) (Morosini et al., 1998). Il programma avanzato prevedeva, invece, la possibilità per i partecipanti di scegliere tra vari modelli teorici e pratici; è stato quindi deciso, dopo una rilevazione tra gli stessi partecipanti, di orientare il programma di formazione avanzato sull'applicazione nelle SR della psicoterapia della Gestalt (Perls et al. 1951; Spagnuolo Lobb, 2001).I corsi di formazione PROGRES sono stati articolati su due moduli: il 1° modulo di quattro giorni (32 ore didattiche) ha approfondito gli aspetti teorici, clinici e valutativi, sviluppando inoltre gli strumenti di intervento terapeutico e riabilitativo. Il 2° modulo di tre giorni (24 ore didattiche) è stato indirizzato alla verifica dell'applicazione degli strumenti forniti e alla supervisione clinica. Tra il 1° e 2° modulo è stata favorita l'attuazione degli argomenti trattati nella realtà lavorativa dei partecipanti, con la realizzazione dei cosiddetti ‘Progetti Work’. Tutte le unità didattiche, compresi i progetti work, hanno ruotato attorno al nucleo portante costituito dal “Modello Gestaltico Comunitario” (Argentino, 1997, 2001; Spagnuolo Lobb, 1997).