bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In France, from the early nineteenth century, the interaction between what we call today the ‘life sciences’ and ‘philosophy’ provoked several important controversies. Academic philosophers and physicians frequently competed over common topics. This conflictual interaction, which often involved the use of texts from the history of knowledge, resulted in the emergence of new disciplines, in the epistemological reframing of scientific theories and in the readjustment of philosophical concepts, pressured by empirical evidence. This chapter analyses the five most important sequences of these interactions taking place from the beginning of the process of disciplinarization, at the start of the nineteenth century.
Badiou’s Being and Event Trilogy and the Pas de Deux with Deleuze
Authors: Bowden Sean , Lesiuk Caitlyn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since the publication and subsequent English translation of Deleuze: The Clamor of Being, a considerable amount of ink has been spilled probing Badiou’s critical encounter with Deleuze’s philosophy. We argue that, although Badiou ultimately mischaracterized Deleuze’s ontology of the multiple, on a rectified understanding of Deleuze’s philosophy and at a certain level of generality, the two thinkers share important theses regarding the role played by truth, events, and subjects in the production of the new. After clarifying the main claims comprising Badiou’s reading of Deleuze, particularly by situating them in relation to Badiou’s earlier and heavily politicized reviews of Deleuze’s work with Guattari, it raises some objections to Badiou’s reading and shows that Deleuze’s discussions of truth, the event, and the subject resonate with Badiou’s own treatment of these concepts in the Being and Event trilogy.
Introduction
Authors: Sinclair Mark , Whistler Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the groundbreaking approach taken to the history of French philosophy by the Handbook of Modern French Philosophy. With the view that French philosophy from the beginning of the nineteenth century cannot be adequately understood without reference to its roots in the national education system, the chapter also offers a historical account of the development of French philosophical institutions. It focuses on the role of philosophy in the education system, the different research and teaching institutions, including universities, and the organs—such as journals—through which it is disseminated.
Jean-Marie Guyau on Morality and Life
Authors: Ansell-Pearson Keith , Testa Federico 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Jean-Marie Guyau is an unjustifiably forgotten figure in the history of ethics. This chapter examines Guyau’s contribution to moral philosophy in the light of his philosophy of life. It begins by showing how he seeks to ground ethics by focusing on the dynamics of life, notably the trend of life’s activity in its aspect of fecundity. It then analyses Guyau’s engagement with Kant as the modern thinker who challenged the transcendent positive content of the moral law, and who sought in the individual and his self-legislating capacity a new ground for moral action. The chapter also examines Guyau’s critique of a morality of pleasure from the perspective of his philosophy of life in showing that, for Guyau, hedonists and utilitarians mistakenly focus on the end of moral action and neglect its efficient cause: life itself.
Prevention, Precaution, and Polluter Pays Principles
Authors: Dhar Preeta , Gupta Parul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the evolution and application of the prevention, precaution, and polluter pays principles in India. Early environmental regulations aimed at planning human activities within the assimilative capacity of the environment—reflecting an initial framing of the prevention principle. However, with the recognition of the limits of ‘scientific certainty’ in determining and addressing environmental harm, more proactive and precautionary measures were adopted. The precautionary and prevention principles are read together in setting environmental standards and regulating activities and substances. The polluter pays principle is a market-based mechanism to build in incentives to minimize and remedy environmental harm. The three principles play out in the allocation of responsibility and liability, but there are inherent limitations and tensions in their application. This chapter discusses some of these tensions through the regulatory framework and case law, and proposes a coherent reading of the three principles aligned with other emerging principles.
Groundwater Law
Authors: Kulkarni Himanshu , Satyam Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Groundwater extraction has increased manifold over the last five decades and India’s groundwater footprint is perhaps the world’s largest. Uncontrolled extraction of groundwater and negligent waste and wastewater management have led to serious consequences. Law and policy making on groundwater has generally lagged behind the deepening crisis of groundwater. Groundwater legislation was mooted in the 1970s, although it took time for the States to legislate on groundwater use. Major gaps in the form of rights—equity, fairness and justice—and the lack of a coherent institutional framework continue to exist. The dual challenge of integrating aquifer diversity and complex groundwater contamination issues has impeded the effectiveness of some of these legislative measures. Hence, the Model Groundwater (Sustainable Management) Bill 2017, holds promise to address many of those issues, such as protection of aquifers and water security for the users with participation by communities and overarching law.
Water Sharing and Protection
Authors: Joy K. J. , Bhadbhade Neha , Bhagat Sarita , Samuel Abraham 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In India, inter-state water sharing is more about allocating water amongst the co-basin states for various uses and less about protection of the river basin. The chapter argues that inter-state water sharing cannot be seen only as a legal and constitutional issue; there is a need to engage with geo-politics, history, ethno-linguistic identities, political economy and developmentalism, geographies and natural resources, including the emerging issues of climate change. Most of the established tribunals lack agreed upon principles and norms for water sharing, further fuelling the disputes. Further, most of the tribunal awards do not pay any serious attention to river protection. There is a need for an alternative approach based on agreed upon principles amongst the stakeholders along with nested institutions including multi-stakeholder platforms. The alternative approach is discussed through the case of the ongoing Mahanadi water dispute between Chhattisgarh and Odisha states.
Nonautonomous Volterra Series Expansion of the Variable Phase Approximation and its Application to the Nucleon-Nucleon Inverse Scattering Problem
Authors: Balassa Gábor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear Volterra series expansion is extended and used to describe certain types of nonautonomous differential equations related to the inverse scattering problem in nuclear physics. The nonautonomous Volterra series expansion lets us determine a dynamic, polynomial approximation of the variable phase approximation (VPA), which is used to determine the phase shifts from nuclear potentials through first-order nonlinear differential equations. By using the first-order Volterra expansion, a robust approximation is formulated to the inverse scattering problem for weak potentials and/or high energies. The method is then extended with the help of radial basis function neural networks by applying a nonlinear transformation on the measured phase shifts to be able to model the scattering system with a linear approximation given by the first-order Volterra expansion. The method is applied to describe the ${}^1S_0$ NN potentials in neutron+proton scattering below 200 MeV laboratory kinetic energies, giving physically sensible potentials and below $1\%$ averaged relative error between the recalculated and the measured phase shifts.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Stiffness Following Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Desai Vineet M. , Hall Carter E. , Cardin Stefano , DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Sarkar Sulagna , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Most prior investigations on adverse outcomes after open reduction (OR) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) have focused on avascular necrosis, redislocation, and residual dysplasia. To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated risk factors for stiffness, an underappreciated source of postoperative morbidity. The goals of this study were to define the entity more clearly and evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for arthrofibrosis after OR for DDH.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted, including all open hip reductions for DDH performed by a single surgeon from 2009 to 2022. Preoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were used to calculate superior displacement, which was defined as the distance from the highest point of the proximal femoral metaphysis to the Hilgenreiner line, normalized by pelvic width. Cases treated with premature postoperative bracing cessation and/or referral to physical therapy with a resolution of stiffness within 6 months were categorized as mild arthrofibrosis. Cases that required >6 months of formal physical therapy for persistent range of motion concerns, manipulation under anesthesia, and/or inpatient rehabilitation admission were categorized as significant arthrofibrosis.

Results:
This study included 170 hips with a mean age of 21.6 months (range: 6.1 to 93.6 mo) and a mean follow-up of 46.8 months. 156 ORs (91.8%) were done through an anterior approach. Sixty-four patients (37.6%) had a concomitant isolated pelvic osteotomy, and 34 (20.0%) had both pelvic and femoral osteotomies. During the postoperative course, 109 patients (64.1%) had no arthrofibrosis, 38 (22.4%) had mild stiffness, and 23 (13.5%) had significant arthrofibrosis. On multivariable analysis, older age, superior displacement, and concomitant pelvic osteotomy were associated with any degree of arthrofibrosis (P < 0.05). Children older than 18 months or with dislocations higher than 16% of pelvic width had a 4.7 and 2.7 times higher risk, respectively, of experiencing some degree of stiffness postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Older age, high dislocations, and concomitant pelvic osteotomy without femoral shortening are risk factors for stiffness after OR for DDH. Surgeons should counsel families about the risk of postoperative stiffness, which occurred to some degree in 36% of our patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Closed Reduction Techniques Are Associated With Fewer Complications Than Open Reductions in Treating Moderately Displaced Pediatric Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Tippabhatla Abhishek , Torres-Izquierdo Beltran , Pereira Daniel E. , Goldstein Rachel , Sanders Julia , Bellaire Laura , Neal Kevin , Denning Jaime , Hosseinzadeh Pooya 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Lateral humeral condyle (LC) fractures are the second most common pediatric elbow fractures. Traditionally, displaced fractures have been treated with open reduction although recent studies have demonstrated successful outcomes of closed reduction for similar injuries. This study investigates the outcomes comparing open and closed reduction in a large cohort of children with moderately displaced (Song classification types 1 to 4) lateral humeral condyle fractures.

Methods:
Retrospective data from patients aged between 1 and 12 years treated for lateral condyle fractures was collected from 6 academic level 1 trauma centers between 2005 and 2019. Data was collected on patient demographics, radiographic parameters, reduction type, type of hardware fixation, and fracture patterns. Complications recorded include infections, reoperations for nonunion, osteonecrosis, and elbow stiffness.

Results:
An initial 762 fractures were identified. After excluding Song 5 cases, a total of 480 fractures met inclusion criteria, with 202 (42%) treated with closed reduction and 278 (58%) treated with open reduction. Demographics and injury characteristics were similar across the 2 reduction cohorts. After propensity score matching, delayed healing (52% vs. 28%; OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.97-4.22; P<0.0001) and stiffness (22% vs. 10%; OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.42-4.13; P=0.0012) were significantly higher in the open reduction group. No differences in the rates of infection or nonunion (3% CR and 1% OR) were noted between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that moderately displaced lateral condyle fractures requiring open reduction are more likely to have elbow stiffness and delayed healing when compared with the ones treated with closed reduction. For these reasons, we propose attempting closed reduction techniques as the first line of treatment in moderately displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures (if anatomic articular reduction can be achieved) to attain better patient outcomes.
Partnering With a Purpose: Promoting Equity and Justice for Black Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Castelin Stephanie , Okorodudu Josselyn , Smith Teresa 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Black children with autism and their families face disparities within clinical care and services, leading to inequitable health outcomes. However, there is limited research centering the voices of the Black autism community in understanding how to address these inequities. In this study, researchers explored the perspectives of caregivers of Black children with autism regarding barriers to equitable care and recommendations for improved services.

Methods:
Community leaders from an autism advocacy group and researchers from a large academic medical center partnered to conduct a Group Level Assessment with 31 Black families of children with autism. During a three-hour research event, participants discussed their experiences within community, school, and clinical services, collectively coded and interpreted the data, and generated action steps to improve services.

Results:
The findings revealed 6 areas of need regarding the services Black children with autism and their caregivers receive. Black caregivers recommended that systems of care improve access to culturally responsive care, integrate caregiver priorities within their care, and engage in collaborative decision-making with caregivers. Providers should also equip caregivers with an accessible roadmap for navigating their child's services and connect them to care management professionals and resources for mental health support.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study address a critical gap in the literature by partnering with the Black autism community to identify solutions to address their needs; these recommendations can be used as a foundation for service providers to reduce disparities and improve outcomes for Black children with autism and their families.
Associations Among Race, Ethnicity, and Clinical Profiles of Young Children Evaluated for Autism in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Martin Ann Marie , Keehn Brandon , Paxton Angela , Ciccarelli Mary R. , McNally Keehn Rebecca 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Despite long-standing racial and ethnic disparities in autism spectrum (AS) diagnosis, recent research suggests that overall, greater numbers of Black and Latine children are now diagnosed with AS as compared with non-Latine White (NLW) children in some US regions. However, gaps remain in the equitable detection of Black and Latine children with AS without significant developmental impairment. The objective of this study was to determine whether the clinical profiles of young children evaluated for AS across a statewide system of early autism diagnosis in Indiana vary by race and ethnicity.

Methods:
We examined racial and ethnic differences in: (1) AS symptom severity, (2) developmental functioning, (3) adaptive functioning, and (4) behavior problems in a sample of 147 children, aged 14 to 48 months (M = 2.6 years), referred for AS evaluation.

Results:
Clinical profiles of young children evaluated differed significantly by race and ethnicity, with Black and Latine children exhibiting lower developmental (p = 0.008) and adaptive abilities (p = 0.01) and higher AS symptoms (p = 0.03) as compared with NLW children.

Conclusion:
Potential explanations for findings include racial and ethnic differences in family and community awareness and knowledge about AS and follow-through on evaluation referral, both driven by social determinants of health (SDOH) affecting minoritized children. Bias in screening and assessment instruments and clinician surveillance, screening, and referral practices may also underlie differences in clinical profiles of children evaluated. Future research is needed to understand the SDOH that influence AS detection and diagnosis to improve equitable access to early diagnosis and intervention.
Characterizing the Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Discontinuation of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in a Commercially Insured Adult Population
Authors: Morgan Jake R. , Reif Sharon , Stewart Maureen T. , Larochelle Marc R. , Adams Rachel Sayko 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Extending prior research that has found that people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience worse substance use treatment outcomes, we examined whether history of TBI was associated with discontinuation of medication to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD), an indicator of receiving evidence-based treatment.

Setting:
We used MarketScan claims data to capture inpatient, outpatient, and retail pharmacy utilization from large employers in all 50 states from 2016 to 2019.

Participants:
We identified adults aged 18 to 64 initiating non-methadone MOUD (ie, buprenorphine, injectable naltrexone, and oral naltrexone) in 2016-2019. The exposure was whether an individual had a TBI diagnosis in the 2 years before initiating MOUD. During this period, there were 709 individuals with TBI who were then matched with 709 individuals without TBI.

Design:
We created a retrospective cohort of matched individuals with and without TBI and used quasi-experimental methods to identify the association between TBI status and MOUD use. We estimated propensity scores by TBI status and created a 1:1 matched cohort of people with and without TBI who initiated MOUD. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to identify the association between TBI and MOUD discontinuation.

Main Measure:
The outcome was discontinuation of MOUD (ie, a gap of 14 days or more of MOUD).

Results:
Among those initiating MOUD, the majority were under 26 years of age, male, and living in an urban setting. Nearly 60% of individuals discontinued medication by 6 months. Adults with TBI had an elevated risk of MOUD discontinuation (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.27) compared to those without TBI. Additionally, initiating oral naltrexone was associated with a higher risk of discontinuation (HR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.40-1.90).

Conclusion:
We found evidence of reduced MOUD retention among people with TBI. Differences in MOUD retention may reflect health care inequities, as there are no medical contraindications to using MOUD for people with TBI or other disabilities.
Surgical techniques for optimal lens management of posterior segment metallic intraocular foreign body removal: a case series
Authors: Moon Jade Y. , Looysen Tyler , Monsalve Pedro , Simmons Michael , Khundkar Tahsin , Naravane Ameay , Sather Richard , Johnston Richard , Nazari Hossein , Koozekanani Dara , Montezuma Sandra R. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
We describe three different approaches for lens management in cases of metallic IOFBs involving the posterior segment.

Methods:
All consecutive posterior segment metallic IOFB cases from 2012 to 2023 at a single institution were included in this retrospective case series. Surgical outcomes and surgical videos are presented.

Results:
A total of 25 metallic IOFB cases were included. In 9 cases, there was no significant lens involvement, therefore not requiring lens extraction at the time of IOFB removal. In 8 cases with traumatic cataract, lens extraction sparing the anterior lens capsule was performed with IOFB removal. In 8 cases, both lens extraction and lens capsule removal were required at the time of IOFB removal.

Conclusion:
We demonstrate our algorithm to capsular management in patients who present with IOFB with good visual outcomes in follow-up.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE FOVEOSCHISIS
Authors: Matoba Ryo , Kanzaki Yuki , Morita Tetsuro , Masuda Yuki , Kimura Shuhei , Hosokawa Mio M. , Shiode Yusuke , Morizane Yuki 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To analyze the pathophysiology of epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (FS) by evaluating the longitudinal changes in visual function and several optical coherence tomography parameters.

Methods:
The medical records of 33 consecutive patients (35 eyes) with untreated epiretinal membrane foveoschisis were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity, M-CHARTS score, and optical coherence tomography parameters including epiretinal membrane area, maximum depth of retinal folds, FS area, and FS circularity were evaluated.

Results:
A wide range of FS area changes was observed at the final follow-up visit (59.68%–240.45% of the baseline FS area). In the FS enlargement group, best-corrected visual acuity and mean M-CHARTS scores significantly worsened and maximum depth of retinal folds significantly increased over time, whereas in the FS non-enlargement group, no significant change was observed in the best-corrected visual acuity, mean M-CHARTS scores, or maximum depth of retinal folds during the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that maximum depth of retinal folds (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.10, P = 0.048) and FS circularity (odds ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.83–1.00, P = 0.043) were significantly associated with FS enlargement.

Conclusion:
Epiretinal membrane foveoschisis encompasses diverse pathophysiologies. Since visual functions do not worsen in some cases, monitoring the changes in visual functions and retinal morphology over time is recommended to determine surgical indications.