bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global trends in COVID-19 incidence and case fatality rates (2019–2023): a retrospective analysis
Authors: Du Juan , Lang Hong-mei , Ma Yan , Chen Ao-wen , Qin Yong-yi , Zhang Xing-ping , Huang Chang-quan 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesAnalyzing and comparing COVID-19 infection and case-fatality rates across different regions can help improve our response to future pandemics.MethodsWe used public data from the WHO to calculate and compare the COVID-19 infection and case-fatality rates in different continents and income levels from 2019 to 2023.ResultsThe Global prevalence of COVID-19 increased from 0.011 to 0.098, while case fatality rates declined from 0.024 to 0.009. Europe reported the highest cumulative infection rate (0.326), with Africa showing the lowest (0.011). Conversely, Africa experienced the highest cumulative case fatality rates (0.020), with Oceania the lowest (0.002). Infection rates in Asia showed a steady increase in contrast to other continents which observed initial rises followed by decreases. A correlation between economic status and infection rates was identified; high-income countries had the highest cumulative infection rate (0.353) and lowest case fatality rate (0.006). Low-income countries showed low cumulative infection rates (0.006) but the highest case fatality rate (0.016). Initially, high and upper-middle-income countries experienced elevated initial infection and case fatality rates, which subsequently underwent significant reductions.ConclusionsCOVID-19 rates varied significantly by continent and income level. Europe and the Americas faced surges in infections and low case fatality rates. In contrast, Africa experienced low infection rates and higher case fatality rates, with lower- and middle-income nations exceeding case fatality rates in high-income countries over time.
Association between relative grip strength and depression among U.S. middle-aged and older adults: results from the NHANES database
Authors: Sun Aochuan , Liu Zhengtang 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundMental health issues among middle-aged and older adults are gaining increasing attention. Recent studies have shown that relative grip strength is associated with cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, but its relationship with depression remains unclear.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included data from adults aged 50 years and older from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Relative grip strength is calculated by dividing the maximum absolute grip strength of both hands by BMI. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate the depressive outcome. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between relative grip strength and depression.ResultsIn this study, a total of 3,639 participants (≥50 years) with a mean age of 64.3 ± 9.3 years were enrolled, of whom 48.9% were male. Compared with individuals with lower relative handgrip strength in Q1 (≤1.64 kg/BMI), the adjusted OR values for relative handgrip strength and depression in Q2 (1.64–2.17 kg/BMI), Q3 (2.17–2.84 kg/BMI), and Q4 (≥2.84 kg/BMI) were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.93, p = 0.016), 0.36 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.55, p &lt; 0.001), and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.51, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. The relationship between relative grip strength and depression presented an L-shaped curve (nonlinear, p = 0.006), with an inflection point of roughly 2.98 kg/BMI. Among participants with relative grip strength &lt; 2.98 kg/BMI, the OR of incident depression was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.30–0.55, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOur findings indicated that relative grip strength was inversely associated with incident depression and demonstrated an L-shaped relationship among U.S. middle-aged and older adults. Relative grip strength could be the indicator for future screening of mental health.
Direct health implications of e-cigarette use: a systematic scoping review with evidence assessment
Authors: Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. , Naranjo-Lara Patricio , Morales-Lapo Estefanía , Hidalgo Marlon R. , Tello-De-la-Torre Andrea , Vásconez-Gonzáles Eduardo , Salazar-Santoliva Camila , Loaiza-Guevara Valentina , Rincón Hernández Wendy , Becerra Diego Alexander , González María Belén Delgado , López-Cortés Andrés , Ortiz-Prado Esteban 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundE-cigarettes are often marketed as a less harmful alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes. Despite their popularity, the evidence regarding their effects on human health remains unclear and is filled with complexities.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to elucidate the direct effects of electronic cigarette use on human health, carefully distinguishing between the specific characteristics of the populations studied.MethodologyAdhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases without date restrictions, including articles in both Spanish and English. This approach enabled the identification and analysis of primary studies to understand the direct effect of electronic cigarettes on human health.ResultsA total of 33 studies were included that evaluated cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, weight and fertility effects. Only five studies analyzed e-cigarettes in healthy populations and seven studies compared healthy individuals against smokers. The effects evaluated on smokers or former tobacco smokers were apparently positive, however, among healthy individuals, increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure, oxidative stress, alteration of respiratory epithelial cells and increased airflow resistance were found.ConclusionSmokers or former smokers who switch to e-cigarettes may reduce their exposure to carcinogens and lower their risk of developing severe health issues associated with conventional smoking. However, in healthy individuals who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, the use of e-cigarettes introduces several cardiovascular and respiratory adverse effects. These findings suggest that while e-cigarettes can be a strategic harm reduction tool for smokers, they are not a safe option for non-smokers.
Zambian indigenous chicken genetic resources: phenotypic characteristics and their production systems among small-scale farmers
Authors: Liswaniso Simushi , Mwambilwa Kabemba , Odubote Kolawole , Tyasi Thobela Louis , Mweni Mwape , Sun Xue , Xu Rifu , Qin Ning 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIndigenous chickens are very important to households for income and protein. However, their performance is usually poor, especially under small-scale farmer management, despite their potential to perform better. The performance of these chickens can be improved by selective breeding. However, for this to be a success, there is a need to understand the phenotypic and production characteristics of these chickens fully. Hence, this study aimed to characterize the phenotypes of these chickens and their production system among small-scale farmers.MethodA structured questionnaire was administered to 177 small-scale farmers. A total of 538 chickens whose mean weight was 1.66 kg were individually phenotyped in Luapula, Muchinga, and Northern provinces of Zambia.ResultsOwnership of the indigenous chickens was dominated by females (65.37%), with most (64.31%) having attained primary education. Most housed their chickens in family houses (42.03%). All the farmers let their chickens scavenge for their feed, with 45.58% of them providing basic supplementation. Most (84.10%) farmers bought their breed stock from within their community and had a mean flock size of 12.5 chickens/household, which they mostly (78.09%) kept as free-range. The majority (77.39%) practiced culling, with low productivity being the most common reason for culling (84.45%). Only 59.01% of farmers practiced selective breeding, while 86.22% practiced uncontrolled mating. The age at first mating for cocks and hens was 6.8 months and 6.34 months, respectively, with 6.73 months being the age at first egg. It takes 15.43 days to reach a mean clutch size of 13 eggs. The hatchability and mortality at 8 weeks were 83.44% and 67.57%, respectively. All chickens were sold as live chickens, and the majority (51.59%) of the farmers sold their chickens within the community at 7.23 months. Diseases and predators were the most common challenges affecting farmers in the study area. Consultations with veterinarians, vaccinations, and deworming were uncommon while treating sick chickens mostly using ethnoveterinary medicines was common. The most common qualitative traits were brown (27.88%) and mixed (26.77%) plumage color, white skins (91.45%) and shanks (48.70%), single comb type (91.08%), red earlobe (55.76%), and orange eyes (78.07%). All linear body measurements positively and significantly correlated with the body weight averaging 1.66kgs, an indicator that selection for any of them would result in a corresponding increase in body weight. Principal Component Analysis extracted two components with 69.38% of the total variation.DiscussionThe diversity in phenotypes of these chickens and their production systems indicate huge potential for improvement by implementing breeding programs.
Estimation of Railway Line Impedance at Low Frequency Using Onboard Measurements Only
Authors: Mariscotti Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Estimating line impedance is relevant in transmission and distribution networks, in particular for planning and control. The large number of deployed PMUs has fostered the use of passive indirect methods based on network model identification. Electrified railways are a particular example of a distribution network, with moving highly dynamic loads, that would benefit from line impedance information for energy efficiency and optimization purposes, but for which many of the methods used in industrial applications cannot be directly applied. The estimate is carried out onboard using a passive method in a single-point perspective, suitable for implementation with energy metering onboard equipment. A comparison of two methods is carried out based on the non-linear least mean squares (LMS) optimization of an over-determined system of equations and on the auto- and cross-spectra of the pantograph voltage and current. The methods are checked preliminarily with a simulated synthetic network, showing good accuracy, within 5%. They are then applied to measured data over a 20 min run over the Swiss 16.7 Hz railway network. Both methods are suitable to track network impedance in real time during the train journey; but with suitable checks on the significance of the pantograph current and on the values of the coefficient of determination, the LMS method seems more reliable with predictable behavior.
GAMBARAN PERSENTASE BIAYA PROMOSI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN PADA PT INDUSTRI JAMU DAN FARMASI SIDO MUNCUL TBK. TAHUN 2019 - 2023
Authors: Saragih Awfa Permata , Alezsandra Dian Amellya , Sulistyowati Yuni , Mufidah Zahra , Wilandari Angestika 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil analisa dengan melakukan evaluasi tentang besarnya perkembangan biaya promosi terhadap pertumbuhan penjualan pada PT Sido Muncul. Dengan menggunakan jenis data sekunder yang melibatkan berbagai sumber seperti mengumpulkan data yang diambil dari data laporan keuangan PT Industri Jamu dan Farmasi Sido Muncul Tbk. Data sekunder ini digunakan guna menganalisis laporan keuangan secara menyeluruh tanpa harus melakukan survei atau wawancara. Dibuktikan dari pengolahan data menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perhitungan dalam pembahasan maka didapatkan hasil adanya fluktuasi pada pertumbuhan penjualan. Dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan pada tahun 2019-2021 mengalami kenaikan pada biaya promosi dan iklan pada penjualan sebesar Rp 359.460,00. Namun, pada tahun 2022-2023 terjadi penurunan pada pertumbuhan penjualan meskipun pada tahun 2022 biaya promosi mengalami kenaikan dan menjadi tahun tertinggi biaya promosinya. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan antara biaya promosi dan iklan terhadap pertumbuhan penjualan meskipun sempat terjadi fluktuasi, namun naik turunnya biaya promosi dan juga penjualan masih beriringan. Sebaiknya PT Industri Jamu dan Farmasi Sido Muncul Tbk. dapat menganalisis efektivitas dari berbagai jenis promosi yang digunakan, khususnya pada tahun 2022-2023 yang terus mengalami penurunan pada penjualannya, memperhatikan faktor internal dan eksternal juga penting untuk keberlangsungan perusahaan.
ANALISIS PROGRAM EGC (EMPLOYEE GET CUSTOMER) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT ASURANSI KREDIT INDONESIA CABANG JAKARTA KEMAYORAN
Authors: Panjaitan Hastia Twindu , Yuliati Anik 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi program Employee Get Customer (EGC) di PT Asuransi Kredit Indonesia (Askrindo) dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Program EGC, yang berlangsung dari 1 Mei hingga 31 Desember 2024, melibatkan seluruh 2.040 karyawan Askrindo dalam kegiatan pemasaran produk asuransi umum. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menggali persepsi karyawan, dampak program terhadap motivasi dan produktivitas, serta tantangan implementasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program EGC berpotensi meningkatkan keterampilan pemasaran karyawan, motivasi kerja, dan produktivitas organisasi. Namun, implementasi program menghadapi tantangan dalam koordinasi, perubahan mindset karyawan, serta penyediaan pelatihan yang memadai. Faktor kunci keberhasilan program meliputi komitmen manajemen, sistem pelatihan yang efektif, mekanisme evaluasi yang konsisten, serta budaya organisasi yang mendukung.
Kata kunci: Employee Get Customer (EGC), kinerja karyawan, motivasi kerja, produktivitas, asuransi
Perfil de notas técnicas para suporte técnico-científico à decisão judicial do medicamento Zolgensma® (onasemnogeno abeparvoveque)
Authors: Ferreira Pinto Gomes Thisciane , Lima Monteiro Ítalo Gustavo , Abraham Ohana de Souza Andrezza , Brazil Viana Junior Antônio , Ferreira da Silva Karoline , Mendes de Moura Luiz Gustavo , De Fonseca Magalhães Patrícia Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: O aumento da judicialização da saúde tem destacado a importância dos centros de avaliação judicial em decisões baseadas em evidências. A atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) é uma doença neurodegenerativa caracterizada principalmente por hipotonia muscular progressiva e alta mortalidade nos primeiros dois anos de vida. Embora o medicamento Zolgensma® (onasemnogeno abeparvoveque) seja indicado para o tratamento da AME, seu custo elevado e a indisponibilidade pelo sistema público de saúde brasileiro tornam o tratamento inviável, resultando em processos judiciais. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das informações contidas nas notas técnicas (NT) disponíveis no Sistema Nacional de Pareceres e Notas Técnicas (e-NatJus), utilizadas como apoio nas decisões judiciais relacionadas ao Zolgensma®. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com dados de notas técnicas disponíveis no Sistema Nacional de Pareceres e Notas Técnicas (e-NatJus) no período entre setembro de 2021 a setembro de 2023. Resultado: Foram identificadas 63 notas técnicas, sendo que uma foi excluída por se tratar de nota complementar. Das 62 NTs consideradas elegíveis para análise neste estudo, a idade média dos participantes foi de 2,03 (± 1,54) anos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino. A maioria das solicitações foi para tratamento de AME tipo 1 (N= 52; 82%). Destas, somente 23 atendiam a faixa etária inferior a 2 anos. Quanto à recomendação final, 14 NTs foram favoráveis ao fornecimento do Zolgensma®. Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram o perfil das NTs baseadas em evidências científicas, que subsidiam decisões judiciais visando minimizar impactos no orçamento da saúde. Iniciativas como o Sistema e-NatJus são fundamentais para acesso a esses subsídios, embora a disseminação de informações e capacitações continuadas sejam necessárias. Pesquisas adicionais sobre o impacto dos Núcleos de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (NATS) e Núcleos de Apoio Técnico ao Judiciário (NATJUS) na judicialização da saúde são importantes.
On Inequality as the Essential Basis of Power Relations
Authors: Гареев Э.С. , Минаков П.А. , Гайсина Л.М. , Валитова Н.Э. 
Published: July 2024

В статье представлено авторское понимание социального феномена властных отношений, сущностной основой которых выступает неравенство.
The article presents the authors understanding of the social phenomenon of power relations, the essential basis of which is inequality.
Symbolic Capital in Ensuring the Legitimacy of the Parliamentary Institution
Authors: Воропаева М.А. 
Published: July 2024

Легитимность органов государственной власти выступает необходимым условием для эффективной государственной власти. Среди органов государственной власти парламентские институты занимают особое место, так как избираются народом и являются элементами представительной демократии. Легитимность указанных институтов выражается, прежде всего, в уровне доверия и одобрения деятельности граждан. Инструменты обеспечения легитимности весьма разнообразны, но особое место среди них занимает символический капитал.
The legitimacy of public authorities is a necessary condition for effective state power. Among the bodies of state power, parliamentary institutions have a special place, because they are elected by the people and also they are elements of the representative democracy. The legitimacy of these institutions is expressed primarily in the level of trust and approval of the activities of the citizens. The instruments of legitimacy are very diverse, but symbolic capital has a special place among them.
Mechanism for the Creation of Small Innovative Oil Enterprises
Authors: Мусина Д.Р. , Низамов А.Н. , Кожевников А.В. 
Published: July 2024

В статье представлен авторский подход к решению вопроса национальной безопасности в контексте развития нефтегазовой отрасли посредством создания малых инновационных нефтяных компаний на условиях государственно-частного партнерства. Разработаны критерии отнесения компаний к категории малых инновационных нефтяных предприятий, алгоритм реализации инструментария, оценены преимущества для партнеров.
The article presents the authors approach to addressing the issue of national security in the context of the development of the oil and gas industry through the creation of small innovative oil companies under public-private partnerships. Developed criteria for classifying companies as small innovative oil companies, the algorithm for implementing the initiative, benefits for partners are estimated.
Physiological Evaluation of Endothelin-1 and Osteoprotegerin as a Risk Predicator for Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Манвар И.К. , Ката Ф.С. 
Published: July 2024

Цель. Оценка концентрации биомаркеров эндотелина-1 (ЭТ-1) и остеопротегерина (ОПГ) как биомаркеров для прогнозирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в сыворотке крови женщин с сахарным диабетом. Материалы и методы. Всего было отобрано 88 образцов, из них 60 образцов здоровых женщин и 28 – пациенток с диабетом 2-го типа. Образцы распределяли (классифицировали) следующим образом: по тяжести заболевания на основании теста на HbA1c (32 образца сыворотки женщин с показателем HbA1c 7–9,9 и 28 образцов сыворотки женщин с показателем HbA1c 10–14), по продолжительности заболевания (36 образцов сыворотки женщин с продолжительностью заболевания 5–10 лет и 24 образца сыворотки женщин с продолжительностью заболевания 11–22 года), а также по возрасту испытуемых (29 образцов сыворотки женщин в возрасте 45–54 лет и 31 образец сыворотки женщин в возрасте 55–70 лет). Результаты. Выявлено достоверное повышение уровня ET-1 при P≤0,01 в группе пациентов с диабетом по сравнению с группой здоровых испытуемых. Также отмечено достоверное увеличение концентрации биомаркера ОПГ в группе пациентов с диабетом по сравнению с группой здоровых испытуемых. Заключение. Достоверное повышение уровня биомаркеров может свидетельствовать о развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с сахарным диабетом, что позволяет рассматривать их в качестве индикаторов при прогнозировании сердечно-сосудистого риска на ранней стадии.
Purpose. To estimate the levels of the biomarkers Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the serum of diabetes mellitus women as biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods. A total of 88 samples from women, 60 samples healthy women, and 28 patients with diabetes type 2. As the samples were divided according to the severity of the disease based on HbA1c, 32 serum samples for women whose HbA1c ranged between 7–9.9, and 28 serum samples for women whose HbA1c ranged between 10–14. Also, the samples were divided according to the time period of the disease, 36 serum samples for women with a period of illness ranging from 5–10 years and 24 serum samples for women with a period of illness ranging from 11–22 and the samples were divided according to the age of patients, 29 serum samples for women with an age ranging from 45–54 years, and 31 serum samples for women with an age ranging from 55–70. Results. There is a significant increase level ET-1 at P≤0.01 in the diabetes group compared with the healthy. There was also a significant increase in the concentration biomarker OPG in the Diabetes group compared with the healthy. Conclusion. The significant rising in the level of biomarkers may be one of the induce reasons of cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes, therefore its adoption as risk indicators for early prediction of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
Giant Aneurysm of the Left Atrium: A Case Report
Authors: Чеснов Ю.М. , Каратаев П.Р. , Пыжик Р.Н. , Лысенок Е.Р. , Осмоловская Т.В. 
Published: July 2024

Аневризма ушка левого предсердия (Left atrial appendage aneurysm, LAAA) – редкое заболевание, успешное лечение которого зависит от своевременной диагностики. Патология ассоциируется с высоким риском тромбообразования, тромбоэмболии и суправентрикулярных аритмий. Основным неинвазивным методом диагностики является эхокардиография и компьютерная томография сердца. Выполнены диагностика и успешное оперативное лечение у пациента Д. мужского пола в возрасте 19 лет с аневризмой ушка левого предсердия. Через срединную стернотомию в условиях искусственного кровообращения выполнена аневризмэктомия, пластика устья аневризмы заплатой из Биокарда, процедура CryoMaze. Пациент выписан из стационара в удовлетворительном состоянии с восстановленным синусовым ритмом. Несвоевременная диагностика указанного редкого заболевания грозит фатальными осложнениями. Точный и своевременно поставленный диагноз способствует успешному исходу оперативного лечения аневризмы ушка левого предсердия.
Aneurysm of the Left atrial appendage (LAAA) is a rare cardiovascular condition that requires timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications. It is associated with high risk of thrombosis, thromboembolism, and supraventricular arrhythmias, making it a significant concern for patients. The main non-invasive diagnostic methods for LAAA are echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT). In this case report, we present the successful diagnosis and surgical treatment of 19-year-old male patient with LAAA. Through median sternotomy with artificial circulation aneurysm resection was performed with closure of ostium of aneurysm by xenopericardium patch Biocard. The patient underwent the CryoMaze procedure to restore sinus rhythm and was discharged from hospital in good condition. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of LAAA can lead to fatal complications, emphasizing the importance of early reviling and intervention. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is crucial for successful surgical outcomes in LAAA patients.