bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term functional airway assessment after open airway surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Pullens Bas , Pijnenburg Marielle W. , Hoeve Hans J. , Baatenburg de Jong Rob J. , Buysse Corinne M. P. , Timmerman Marieke K. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Joosten Koen F. M. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to evaluate our patient‐reported and objective long‐term outcomes of patients treated for laryngotracheal stenosis.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSixty‐five patients were evaluated after a median follow‐up of 7 years after surgery. Follow‐up measurements consisted of pulmonary function testing, Bruce treadmill test, and Child Health Questionnaires (CHQ).ResultsPulmonary function tests were available in 43 patients, and 30/43 had abnormal forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced inspiratory volume in 1 second (FIV1), 25/43 had abnormal FIV1/maximum vital capacity, and 24/43 had abnormal peak expiratory flow. One‐third of patients had reduced exercise tolerance. CHQ revealed significant positive correlations with pulmonary function results and exercise tolerance. Multivariate analysis showed that glottic involvement of the stenosis and the presence of comorbidities at time of surgery are the only factors for poor long‐term functional outcome.ConclusionsThe majority of patients show deficits in pulmonary function and exercise tolerance related to lower scores of quality of life. Glottic involvement of the stenosis and the presence of comorbidities are the only significant factors for poor functional outcome. Long‐term multidisciplinary follow up is mandatory after surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis.Level of Evidence2B. Laryngoscope, 126:472–477, 2016
Beam Shaping Optics for Process Acceleration
Authors: Bischoff Christian , Jäger Erwin , Umhofer Udo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWithin in the last years the average power of industrial pulsed laser systems is continuously increasing. However one can often not make efficient use of the available power, since the laser process limits the pulse energy which can be applied to the work piece. In particular for ultrashort pulsed laser (USP) processing the maximum pulse energy is further limited due to plasma shielding effects. For those reasons laser processing often is too slow and too expensive (when available laser power cannot fully be used), thus is an uneconomical solution even if process results are excellent. How to overcome such limits?
Miniaturized Precision Stages with Piezo‐based Inertia Drives
Authors: Arnold Steffen , Reiff Ellen‐Christine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere are a number of areas in automation technology where precise positioning is necessary. This particularly applies to laser technology. High‐precision beam steering and focusing is just as indispensable in ophthalmology as in super‐high resolution microscopy, interferometry or photonics where the objective is to align fibers precisely. At the same time, laser beam steering and focusing also requires the drive systems used to be dynamic, reliable, and compactly dimensioned, so that they can be easily integrated into applications. Now, small positioning systems based on piezo inertia drives offer possible new solutions. In miniaturized design, they offer a high resolution at theoretically unlimited travel ranges, are self‐locking and on top of that, they are also inexpensive.
Radial Welding of Polymer Parts under Closed Loop Process Control
Authors: Reinl Steffen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOne of the key competences of Dilas Industrial Laser Systems is laser‐based plastics welding. The products for plastic welding range from 10 W output power up to 600 W and are suitable for this application because of beam quality, efficiency and dimensions. Laser‐based plastic welding is gaining market share not only for automotive parts but also for medical and consumer parts. In order to offer flexible and innovative solutions to their customers, Dilas developed new optical solutions providing distinct process advantages such as increased welding speed and lower handling costs, especially for cylindrical parts and radial welding seams. While there are different radial welding seams for plastic components, all of them are based on the same principle which is laser transmission welding.
Two‐Photon Polymerization — A Versatile Microfabrication Tool
Authors: Niesler Fabian , Hermatschweiler Martin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWith additive manufacturing entering the consumer market and exciting the stock market, “3D printing” has become fashionable in society. Freedom in design as well as easy workflows are positive attributes associated with this umbrella terminology for a variety of fabrication techniques. 3D printing, or additive manufacturing gives designers previously unknown flexibilities and eliminates one of the most cost‐, time‐ and labour‐intensive stages of the product development process in industrial manufacturing, the production of tools. 3D printing is more precise, faster and mostly less expensive than traditional forms of manufacturing, especially in respect of rapid prototyping of individual parts. 3D objects of almost any shape can be printed from a virtual model in a variety of materials.
Rugged Sensor Systems Lay a Solid Foundation for Welding Processes
Authors: Dorsch Friedhelm 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEspecially where processes are part of high‐volume production, the use of sensors is becoming ever more important. On the one hand, checks integrated into the process save time, since no additional work cycles are needed. On the other hand, certain processes are not possible at all without sensor systems. The devices used here have to be easy to integrate, simple in operation, and robust beyond question.
From Laser Marking to Ultra‐Short Pulsed Lasers
Authors: Kiedrowski Thomas , Michalowski Andreas , Bauer Franziska 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMaterial processing with laser radiation has a long tradition at Bosch. As early as in 1976, the first laser process was established in serial production. The application at that time was trimming of resistors on ceramic multi‐layers. A few years later, in 1981, laser welding started with a first application. Today, it is the most popular welding technology at Bosch with more than 500 laser systems installed. In 1985, laser marking was established for the first time and has found its way into almost every production line today. In the field of laser micro processing, the next step was the introduction of laser soldering in mass production in 1992 (Fig.1). However, the number of installed laser systems is by far lower than in laser marking or welding.
Trends in BIW Aluminum Welding
Authors: Luft Axel , Stittgen Tobias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSince 2001 diode lasers are in use in automotive series production and are still gaining importance. All major Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are using diode lasers today. Typical applications are welding and brazing of zinc coated steel, welding of aluminum and cutting. Due to significant weight saving potentials the OEMs put a special focus on aluminum welding applications.
Weld Process Inspection
Authors: Flinn Gregory , Federau Gregor , Lampert Bastian , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWelding in remote and hazardous conditions presents a demanding problem to the robotic systems developer, in particular if the process needs to be monitored in‐situ. However, through proper application of a small suite of in‐house optics and photonics technologies, Hamburg specialist Schäfter+Kirchhoff already has the solution to hand.
Electronics and Automotive Applications Drive the Laser Market
Authors: Mayer Arnold 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe global market for laser systems for materials processing reached a volume of EUR 8.67 billion in 2014, up by 8 % versus 2013. The demand for laser materials processing systems has marked new record highs for four consecutive years (Fig. 1). Laser systems for macro and fine processing account for the major share of about 75 % of the market volume, while the remaining 25 % is allocated to laser systems for micro processing.
Pharmacokinetics of an Extended 4‐hour Infusion of Piperacillin‐Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Awissi Don‐Kelena , Beauchamp Annie , Hébert Elisabeth , Lavigne Viviane , Munoz Danya Lucia , Lebrun Geneviève , Savoie Michel , Fagnan Mylène , Amyot Julie , Tétreault Nicolas , Robitaille Robert , Varin France , Lavallée Christian , Pichette Vincent , Leblanc Martine 
Published: June 2015

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of piperacillin‐tazobactam administered as a 4‐hour infusion in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).DesignProspective, observational, pharmacokinetic study.SettingIntensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Montréal, Canada.PatientsTwenty critically ill adults who were undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration and receiving a 4‐hour infusion of piperacillin 4 g–tazobactam 0.5 g every 8 hours for a documented or suspected infection.InterventionBlood samples were collected every hour over an 8‐hour dosing interval. Prefilter and postfilter blood samples, and effluent and urine samples were also collected.Measurements and Main ResultsThe primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved an unbound piperacillin plasma concentration above a target minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 mg/L (MIC that inhibits 90% of isolates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for at least 50% of the dosing interval; 18 (90%) of the 20 patients achieved this outcome. In all patients, the free piperacillin concentrations were above the Pseudomonas aeruginosa breakpoint of 16 mg/L for the entire time interval. Regarding piperacillin pharmacokinetic parameters, the median (interquartile range) minimum unbound plasma concentration was 65.15 mg/L (51.30–89.30), maximum unbound plasma concentration was 141.3 mg/L (116.75–173.90), sieving coefficient was 0.809 (0.738–0.938), total clearance was 65.82 ml/minute (53.79–102.87), and renal clearance was 0.16 ml/minute (0.05–3.04). The median CRRT dose was 32.0 ml/kg/h (25.0–39.8).ConclusionsAdministration of a 4‐hour infusion of piperacillin‐tazobactam was associated with a favorable pharmacodynamic profile in patients undergoing CRRT. Concentrations associated with maximal activity were attained in our patients.
CFK: a Fresnel–Köhler concentrator with an external confinement cavity
Authors: Zamora Pablo , Buljan Marina , Benítez Pablo , Li Yang , Miñano Juan Carlos , González Oskar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module, the solar cell surface reflects a non‐negligible portion of the incoming light, leading to a loss in module efficiency. The Fresnel–Köhler with an external confinement cavity (CFK) is a novel optical CPV concentrator designed to recover this portion of the reflected light. The design is based on an external confinement cavity, an optical element able to redirect the light reflected by the cell surface towards its surface again. Its integration into a CPV module is possible, thanks to the recent invention of advanced Köhler concentrators by LPI. This strategy, based on light recovery, leads to a significant increase in electrical efficiency. We have tested the excellent performance of these cavities by means of integrating one of them into an FK concentrator and manufacturing a proof‐of‐concept prototype. The measured results are outstanding: a relative electrical efficiency and Isc gains of up to 6% when comparing both with and without cavity designs, and a 33.2% of CFK module electrical efficiency (@Tcell = 25 °C) using a 38.5% nominal efficiency cell (without anti‐reflection coatings on the optics). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sand Cap Placement and Cap Thickness Monitoring: A Case Study at a Confined Disposal Facility
Authors: Vidgren Hanne , Helland Aud , Lepland Aivo 
Published: June 2015

Thin sediment capping is a commonly used technique to prevent mobilization of contaminants from sediments into the environment. A 70‐m‐deep subaqueous confined disposal facility (CDF, 350,000 m2) at Malmøykalven, Oslofjord, which received dredged contaminated sediments from Oslo Harbor, was capped with 148,900 m3 of sand in 2009. This research serves as a case study regarding some of the key considerations involved with the cap placement and monitoring of the cap layer. Uncertainty is included in all the cap thickness monitoring methods and a combined use of them provided a better understanding of the cap coverage and structure at the site. An open water disposal model (STFATE) was used to simulate the behavior of the barge‐released cap material. The modeling results were consistent with field observations regarding the material spread, and the results provided insight into the relatively high material losses calculated. Better knowledge obtained of material settling resulted in cap properties and cap monitoring methods that are useful when planning similar operations. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulations of Liquid Steel Infiltration in Porous Ceramic Structures: Dynamics of the Penetrating Melt Surface
Authors: Schwarze Rüdiger , Klostermann Jens 
Published: June 2015

Pressure infiltration of liquid steel into an open‐cell porous ceramic structure is a possible production line for a new composite material, which is currently under investigation in a joint research project. The initial phase of processing the new composite is dominated by the infiltration of the free melt surface into the porous structure. During the infiltration, the melt surface is alternately divided and reassembled. A more detailed understanding of this process can help e.g., to avoid disadvantageous capturing of pore‐scale gas bubbles in the final metal‐matrix composite. Numerical investigations of the infiltration process are often based on homogenized Darcy‐type model equations. However, the formulation of sound and reliable numerical models beyond the Darcy‐scale is challenging due to the complex physical nature of these processes.In this paper, we describe a refined model approach for the behavior of a free surface in an artificial porous foam structure. The numerical model is based on the volume of fluid method for two‐phase flows. Whereas standard numerical discretization methods lead to time‐consuming simulations, a reformulation of the numerics allows a fair compromise between accuracy and efficiency. A comparison between numerical results and corresponding information from a model experiment is given.
Deformations of Working Elements in Oil Free Scroll Vacuum Pumps
Authors: Raykov A. , Burmistrov A. , Salikeev S. , Fomina M. , Kapustin E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe mechanical and thermal causes of deformations of the orbiting and the fixed elements of oil free vacuum pumps are considered. Basic data for deformation calculation are geometric dimensions of the pump and dependence of working chamber volume on the orbiting scroll element rotation angle. Gas temperature and pressure values in each vacuum pump chamber are obtained with the help of a working process mathematical model.Deformation calculation is carried out by the finite element method realized in the software ANSYS.It is shown that deformations caused by pressure‐induced mechanical forces do not have considerable influence on the change of radial clearances between the scrolls. They may not be taken into account for pumping characteristics calculation. Thermal‐induced deformations are much greater, and the change of the clearances due to this cause may be 25 % and even larger.
Combustion chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Eigenbrod Volkmar J. , Hensch Christina , Kemper Alexander 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, flame‐pyrolytic treatment methods of metal surfaces are compared to vacuum‐based CVD processes. There is a practical consideration of the aforementioned methods. The layers formed were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, changes in properties such as surface energy and adhesion of subsequent layers of paint were detected by measurement.
Anorganisch‐organische Hybridschichten für die Entspiegelung optischer Oberflächen
Authors: Schulz Ulrike , Munzert Peter , Rickelt Friedrich , Präfke Christiane , Gratzke Nancy , Knopf Heiko , Wolleb Sabrina , Kaiser Norbert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSpätestens seit der Entdeckung von entspiegelnden Nanostrukturen auf den Augen nachtfliegender Insekten wird eine solche Struktur auch für die Anwendung auf optischen Oberflächen diskutiert. Auf spritzgegossenen Kunststofflinsen können Antireflexstrukturen relativ einfach durch Plasmaätzen erzeugt werden. Dieses Verfahren wurde nun auf im Vakuum aufgedampfte organische Schichten übertragen. Durch die Kombination organischer Nanostrukturen mit anorganischen Schichten entstehen komplexe Schichtsysteme, die für die Breitbandentspiegelung von Glaslinsen sehr gut geeignet sind.
Transparente und leitfähige Veredelung von Kunststoffoberflächen
Authors: Abendroth Thomas , Liebich Jens , Härtel Paul , Schumm Benjamin , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan , Beyer Eckhard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden konventionelle Abscheideverfahren bei Atmosphärendruck genutzt um Glas und Kunststoffoberflächen mit transparent und leitfähigen Schichten zu funktionalisieren.Durch die Verwendung eines neu entwickelten Transfer‐ und Integrationsverfahrens wird der Schichtherstellungsprozess vom zu beschichtenden Substrat getrennt. Mit diesem Verfahren lassen sich somit temperatursensitive Kunststoffe, wie beispielsweise PET‐Folien, mit FTO‐Schichten veredeln. Neben diesen hoch leitfähigen TCO‐Folien für elektrooptische Anwendungen, lassen sich auch antistatische Kunststoffoberflächen, auf Basis von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren, herstellen.
Gas Permeation through Vacuum Materials
Authors: Vinogradov M. L. , Barchenko V. T. , Lisenkov A. A. , Kostrin D. K. , Babinov N. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aim of this research is to study the gas permeability of materials being used to create elements of unmanned aerial vehicles. The measurement system for gas permeation coefficients of composite materials is designed on the basis of a helium leak detector. Due to permeation through the Viton sealing the smallest flow that can be correctly measured by the system is 10‐10 Pa · m3/s. Verification of the system was held on PTFE polymer sample with a known helium permeability value. Gas permeability of three composite materials was studied. The steadystate helium permeation coefficient in [Pa · m3/s] · [m/(m2 · bar)] for high molecular weight polyethylene (HM‐WPE) with 100 nm copper coating is 3.1 · 10‐8, for low pressure polyethylene (HDPE 209‐07) with 100 nm copper coating it is 1.9 · 10‐7; for vacuum‐tight ceramics VK94‐1 with glue K400 layer it is 2.2 · 10‐9. Authors will be glad to measure the gas permeability of new materials that can be provided by readers of this publication.
Concurrent software architectures for exploratory data analysis
Authors: Starič Anže , Demšar Janez , Zupan Blaž 
Published: June 2015

Decades ago, increased volume of data made manual analysis obsolete and prompted the use of computational tools with interactive user interfaces and rich palette of data visualizations. Yet their classic, desktop‐based architectures can no longer cope with the ever‐growing size and complexity of data. Next‐generation systems for explorative data analysis will be developed on client–server architectures, which already run concurrent software for data analytics but are not tailored to for an engaged, interactive analysis of data and models. In explorative data analysis, the key is the responsiveness of the system and prompt construction of interactive visualizations that can guide the users to uncover interesting data patterns. In this study, we review the current software architectures for distributed data analysis and propose a list of features to be included in the next generation frameworks for exploratory data analysis. The new generation of tools for explorative data analysis will need to address integrated data storage and processing, fast prototyping of data analysis pipelines supported by machine‐proposed analysis workflows, pre‐emptive analysis of data, interactivity, and user interfaces for intelligent data visualizations. The systems will rely on a mixture of concurrent software architectures to meet the challenge of seamless integration of explorative data interfaces at client site with management of concurrent data mining procedures on the servers. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:165–180. doi: 10.1002/widm.1155This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Technologies > Computer Architectures for Data Mining
Comparison of Distal Limb Warming With Fluidotherapy and Warm Water Immersion for Mild Hypothermia Rewarming
Authors: Kumar Parveen , McDonald Gerren K. , Chitkara Radhika , Steinman Alan M. , Gardiner Phillip F. , Giesbrecht Gordon G. 
Published: June 2015

Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Fluidotherapy rewarming through the distal extremities for mildly hypothermic, vigorously shivering subjects. Fluidotherapy is a dry heat modality in which cellulose particles are suspended by warm air circulation. Methods Seven subjects (2 female) were cooled on 3 occasions in 8˚C water for 60 minutes, or to a core temperature of 35°C. They were then dried and rewarmed in a seated position by 1) shivering only; 2) Fluidotherapy applied to the distal extremities (46 ± 1°C, mean ± SD); or 3) water immersion of the distal extremities (44 ± 1°C). The order of rewarming followed a balanced design. Esophageal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and heat flux were measured. Results The warm water produced the highest rewarming rate, 6.1°C·h−1, 95% CI: 5.3–6.9, compared with Fluidotherapy, 2.2°C·h−1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.0, and shivering only, 2.0°C·h−1, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8. The Fluidotherapy and warm water conditions increased skin temperature and inhibited shivering heat production, thus reducing metabolic heat production (166 ± 42 W and 181 ± 45 W, respectively), compared with shivering only (322 ± 142 W). Warm water provided a significantly higher net heat gain (398.0 ± 52 W) than shivering only (288.4 ± 115 W). Conclusions Fluidotherapy was not as effective as warm water for rewarming mildly hypothermic subjects. Although Fluidotherapy is more portable and technically simpler, it provides a lower rate of rewarming that is similar to shivering only. It does help decrease shivering heat production, lowering energy expenditure and cardiac work, and could be considered in a hospital setting, if convenient.
Grb2 monomer–dimer equilibrium determines normal versus oncogenic function
Authors: Ahmed Zamal , Timsah Zahra , Suen Kin M. , Cook Nathan P. , Lee Gilbert R. , Lin Chi-Chuan , Gagea Mihai , Marti Angel A. , Ladbury John E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe adaptor protein growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells and involved in a multitude of intracellular protein interactions. Grb2 plays a pivotal role in tyrosine kinase-mediated signal transduction including linking receptor tyrosine kinases to the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, which is implicated in oncogenic outcome. Grb2 exists in a constitutive equilibrium between monomeric and dimeric states. Here we show that only monomeric Grb2 is capable of binding to SOS and upregulating MAP kinase signalling and that the dimeric state is inhibitory to this process. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 160 (Y160) on Grb2, or binding of a tyrosylphosphate-containing ligand to the SH2 domain of Grb2, results in dimer dissociation. Phosphorylation of Y160 on Grb2 is readily detectable in the malignant forms of human prostate, colon and breast cancers. The self-association/dissociation of Grb2 represents a switch that regulates MAP kinase activity and hence controls cancer progression.