bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive palatal implant removal
Authors: Hänggi Michael , Kuhn Mirjam , Göllner Peter , Schätzle Marc 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveOrthodontic palatal implants are commonly used and do provide reliable absolute anchorage to assist orthodontic treatment. However, once treatment is completed, removal of these temporary implants is not considered easy or risk free. This short communication presents a clinical case in which a novel noninvasive procedure was applied to remove an osseointegrated palatal implant.Material and methodsA customized explantation tool, tightly fixed to the implant and precisely grasping the implant's head, was used in combination with a ratchet to unscrew the implant instead of the traditional removal by trephine.ResultsOnly a topical anesthetic was necessary before the implant–bone contact was broken by turning the ratchet counterclockwise. The implant was retrieved without any local anesthesia. The explanted palatal implant had no bone appending to it, except in its apical anti‐rotational grooves, and the healing process thereafter was unproblematic.ConclusionsNoninvasive palatal implant removal offers a simple and fast approach for explantation. Moreover, it might reduce the risk of adverse patient reactions, iatrogenic tooth and nerve injuries, and possible oro‐antral communications.
Improved osseointegration and interlocking capacity with dual acid‐treated implants: a rabbit study
Authors: Halldin Anders , Jimbo Ryo , Johansson Carina B. , Gretzer Christina , Jacobsson Magnus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate how osseointegration is affected by different nano‐ and microstructures. The hypothesis was that the surface structure created by dual acid treatment (AT‐1), applied on a reduced topography, might achieve equivalent biomechanical performance as a rougher surface treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF).Materials and methodsIn a preclinical rabbit study, three groups (I, II, and III) comprised of test and control implants were inserted in 30 rabbits. The microstructures of the test implants were either produced by blasting with coarse (I) or fine (II) titanium particles or remained turned (III). All test implants were thereafter treated with AT‐1 resulting in three different test surfaces. The microstructure of the control implants was produced by blasting with coarse titanium particles thereafter treated with HF. The surface topography was characterized by interferometry. Biomechanical (removal torque) and histomorphometric (bone–implant contact; bone area) performances were measured after 4 or 12 weeks of healing.ResultsRemoval torque measurement demonstrated that test implants in group I had an enhanced biomechanical performance compared to that of the control despite similar surface roughness value (Sa). At 4 weeks of healing, group II test implants showed equivalent biomechanical performance to that of the control, despite a decreased Sa value. Group III test implants showed decreased biomechanical performance to that of the control. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that nano‐ and microstructure alteration by AT‐1 on a blasted implant might enhance the initial biomechanical performance, while for longer healing time, the surface interlocking capacity seems to be more important.
New concepts in cutaneous allergy
Authors: Martin Stefan F. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAllergic contact dermatitis affects a worrying proportion of the general population. The mechanisms underlying this chemical‐triggered delayed‐type hypersensitivity are still not fully understood. In recent years, basic research has shown that the immune system reacts to contact allergens by activation of signalling pathways that are usually used to fight infections. Ongoing work is aimed at the elucidation of the path that leads from the chemistry of contact allergens to the inflammatory skin disease. The cellular players and their complex interactions are being characterized. Proteins are being identified whose chemical modification by contact allergens results in the activation of signalling pathways involved in pathogenesis. Pathway identification is supported by genomic and proteomic techniques. All of these efforts will yield a cellular and molecular understanding of the orchestration of the innate and adaptive immune response to contact allergens. This knowledge will help in the identification of gene and protein signatures for improved diagnostics, the identification of novel drug targets for targeted treatments, as well the development of in vitro assays for contact allergen identification.
Comparison of Polar®RS800G3™ heart rate monitor with Polar® S810i™ and electrocardiogram to obtain the series of RR intervals and analysis of heart rate variability at rest
Authors: de Rezende Barbosa Marianne Penachini da Costa , Silva Natália Turri da , de Azevedo Fábio Mícolis , Pastre Carlos Marcelo , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe Polar® RS800G3™ rate monitor was released in the market to replace the Polar® S810i™, and few studies have assessed that the RR series obtained by this equipment is reliable for analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). We compared HRV indexes among the devices Polar® RS800G3™, Polar® S810i™ and eletrocardiogram (ECG) to know whether the series of Polar® RS800G3™ are as reliable as those devices already validated. We analysed data from 30 healthy young adults, male, with an average age of 20·66 ± 1·40 years, which had captured the heart rate beat to beat in the three devices simultaneously with spontaneously breathing, first in the supine position and subsequently sit both for 30 min. The obtained series of RR intervals was used to calculate the indexes of HRV in the time domain (SDNN and RMSSD) and in the frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF). There were no significant differences in HRV indexes calculated from series obtained by the three devices, regardless of the position analysed, and a high correlation coefficient was observed. The results suggest that the Polar® RS800G3™ is able to capture series of RR intervals for analysis of HRV indexes as reliable as those obtained by ECG and Polar® S810i™.
The accuracy of quantitative parameters in 99mTc‐MAG3 dynamic renography: a national audit based on virtual image data
Authors: Brolin Gustav , Edenbrandt Lars , Granerus Göran , Olsson Anna , Afzelius David , Gustafsson Agneta , Jonsson Cathrine , Hagerman Jessica , Johansson Lena , Riklund Katrine , Ljungberg Michael 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAssessment of image analysis methods and computer software used in 99mTc‐MAG3 dynamic renography is important to ensure reliable study results and ultimately the best possible care for patients. In this work, we present a national multicentre study of the quantification accuracy in 99mTc‐MAG3 renography, utilizing virtual dynamic scintigraphic data obtained by Monte Carlo‐simulated scintillation camera imaging of digital phantoms with time‐varying activity distributions. Three digital phantom studies were distributed to the participating departments, and quantitative evaluation was performed with standard clinical software according to local routines. The differential renal function (DRF) and time to maximum renal activity (Tmax) were reported by 21 of the 28 Swedish departments performing 99mTc‐MAG3 studies as of 2012. The reported DRF estimates showed a significantly lower precision for the phantom with impaired renal uptake than for the phantom with normal uptake. The Tmax estimates showed a similar trend, but the difference was only significant for the right kidney. There was a significant bias in the measured DRF for all phantoms caused by different positions of the left and right kidney in the anterior–posterior direction. In conclusion, this study shows that virtual scintigraphic studies are applicable for quality assurance and that there is a considerable uncertainty associated with standard quantitative parameters in dynamic 99mTc‐MAG3 renography, especially for patients with impaired renal function.
Symbiont‐conferred protection against Hymenopteran parasitoids in aphids: how general is it?
Authors: CAYETANO LUIS , VORBURGER CHRISTOPH 
Published: October 2014

1. Hosts are often targeted by multiple species of parasites, leading to a confluence of selective pressures on them. In response, hosts may either evolve defences that act very generally, or specific defences against particular parasites. Aphids are attacked by multiple species of endoparasitoid wasps, and there is clear evidence that heritable endosymbionts can confer resistance against some of these wasps. Less clear is how symbiont‐conferred resistance in a single host acts against multiple parasitoid species.2. This question was addressed in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scopoli). Unprotected aphids and aphids protected by three different strains of the defensive endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa were exposed to four species of parasitic wasps: the parthenogenetic species Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), which was represented by three different asexual lines, and the sexual species Aphidius colemani (Viereck), Binodoxys angelicae (Halliday), and Aphelinus chaonia (Walker).3. Hamiltonella defensa provided strong protection against L. fabarum and Aphidius colemani, but there was no evidence that H. defensa‐infected aphids were more resistant to the other parasitoid species. While Aphidius colemani was virtually unable to parasitise any aphids harbouring H. defensa, there was variation among the three asexual lines of L. fabarum in how susceptible they were to the defence provided by the different symbiont strains, resulting in a significant genotype‐by‐genotype interaction.4. The present results suggest that symbiosis with H. defensa does not provide aphids with a general defence against parasitoid wasps, possibly because some species have evolved specific counter adaptations or because biological differences preclude the symbiont's effectiveness against these species.
Persistent reduction of hippocampal glutamine synthetase expression after status epilepticus in immature rats
Authors: van der Hel W. Saskia , Hessel Ellen V. S. , Bos Ineke W. M. , Mulder Sandra D. , Verlinde Suzanne A. M. W. , van Eijsden Pieter , de Graan Pierre N. E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMesiotemporal sclerosis (MTS), the most frequent form of drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, often develops after an initial precipitating injury affecting the immature brain. To analyse early processes in epileptogenesis we used the juvenile pilocarpine model to study status epilepticus (SE)‐induced changes in expression of key components in the glutamate–glutamine cycle, known to be affected in MTS patients. SE was induced by Li+/pilocarpine injection in 21‐day‐old rats. At 2–19 weeks after SE hippocampal protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and neuron damage by FluoroJade staining. Spontaneous seizures occurred in at least 44% of animals 15–18 weeks after SE. As expected in this model, we did not observe loss of principal hippocampal neurons. Neuron damage was most pronounced in the hilus, where we also detected progressive loss of parvalbumin‐positive GABAergic interneurons. Hilar neuron loss (or end‐folium sclerosis), a common feature in patients with MTS, was accompanied by a progressively decreased glutamine synthetase (GS)‐immunoreactivity from 2 (−15%) to 19 weeks (−33.5%) after SE. Immunoreactivity for excitatory amino‐acid transporters, vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein was unaffected. Our data show that SE elicited in 21‐day‐old rats induces a progressive reduction in hilar GS expression without affecting other key components of the glutamate–glutamine cycle. Reduced expression of glial enzyme GS was first detected 2 weeks after SE, and thus clearly before spontaneous recurrent seizures occurred. These results support the hypothesis that reduced GS expression is an early event in the development of hippocampal sclerosis in MTS patients and emphasize the importance of astrocytes in early epileptogenesis.
Predicting rates of interspecific interaction from phylogenetic trees
Authors: Nuismer Scott L. , Harmon Luke J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntegrating phylogenetic information can potentially improve our ability to explain species' traits, patterns of community assembly, the network structure of communities, and ecosystem function. In this study, we use mathematical models to explore the ecological and evolutionary factors that modulate the explanatory power of phylogenetic information for communities of species that interact within a single trophic level. We find that phylogenetic relationships among species can influence trait evolution and rates of interaction among species, but only under particular models of species interaction. For example, when interactions within communities are mediated by a mechanism of phenotype matching, phylogenetic trees make specific predictions about trait evolution and rates of interaction. In contrast, if interactions within a community depend on a mechanism of phenotype differences, phylogenetic information has little, if any, predictive power for trait evolution and interaction rate. Together, these results make clear and testable predictions for when and how evolutionary history is expected to influence contemporary rates of species interaction.
Neural Gene Expression Profiles and Androgen Levels Underlie Alternative Reproductive Tactics in the Ocellated Wrasse, Symphodus ocellatus
Authors: Stiver Kelly A. , Harris Rayna M. , Townsend Jeffrey P. , Hofmann Hans A. , Alonzo Suzanne H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDiscrete variation in reproductive behavior and physiology is observed in diverse taxa. Although it is known that most within‐sex alternative reproductive tactics arise as a consequence of phenotypic plasticity, relatively little is known about differential neural gene expression among plastic alternative reproductive phenotypes. In the ocellated wrasse Symphodus ocellatus, males exhibit one of three alternative tactics (nesting, satellite, and sneaker) within a reproductive season, but switch tactics between years. Satellites and sneakers spawn parasitically in dominant (nesting) males' nests, but only nesting males provide parental care. Nesting and satellite males show transient cooperative defense of nests against sneakers. Here, we analyze circulating sex steroid hormone levels and neural gene expression profiles in these three male phenotypes and in females. 11‐ketotestosterone (but not testosterone) was highest in nesting males, while estradiol was highest in females. Brain transcriptomes of satellites and females were most similar to each other and intermediate to nesting and sneaker males. Sneakers showed more total expression differences, whereas nesting males showed higher magnitude expression differences. Our findings reveal the surprising extent to which neural gene expression patterns vary across reproductive tactics that vary in a number of social traits, including aggression, territoriality, and cooperation, providing important insights into the molecular mechanisms that may underlie variation in cooperative and reproductive behavior.
Psoriasis is not an autoimmune disease?
Authors: Fry Lionel , Baker Barbara S. , Powles Anne V. , Engstrand Lars 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe concept that psoriasis is an autoimmune disease needs to be questioned. The autoimmune label has been based on molecular mimicry between streptococcal and keratin proteins and the existence of homologous peptides between these proteins. However, it is only peripheral blood CD8, and not CD4, T lymphocytes that respond to the homologous peptides. This ignores the fact that it is CD4 T cells which are necessary to initiate psoriasis. Recent studies on skin bacterial microbiota have found a variety of bacteria in both normal skin and psoriatic lesions. In biopsy specimens, the most common phylum was Firmicutes and the most common genus streptococcus in both psoriasis and normal skin. The innate immune system is activated in psoriasis, and recent genetic findings have shown the majority of susceptibility loci are associated with innate immunity. There is a known clinical relationship between both Crohn's disease (CD) and periodontitis, and psoriasis, and patients with psoriasis share mutations in some innate immunity genes with individuals with CD. It is now accepted that CD is due to a breakdown of immune tolerance (dysbiosis) to bacteria in the intestine. These findings suggest that psoriasis is initiated by an abnormal response to bacteria in the skin due to genetic factors.
Filamentous cyanobacteria alter the relative fitness in a Daphnia hybrid species complex
Authors: Brzeziński Tomasz 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Interspecific hybridisation is common in freshwater cladocerans. Within the Daphnia longispina complex hybrids frequently dominate over parental species, and environmental heterogeneity in the pelagial of lakes has been invoked to explain the coexistence of hybrids and parental species.

In laboratory conditions, I investigated the effects of filamentous cyanobacteria on the relative fitness of Daphnia hyalina, Daphnia galeata and Daphnia hyalina×galeata hybrids. For each taxon, the performance of three clones was measured using animals fed with two diets: (i) a mixture of the filamentous cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus and (ii) Scenedesmus obliquus in non‐limiting concentration.

Inter‐ and intraspecific differences in ability to cope with cyanobacterial filaments were found; hybrids were, on average, superior to parental species in the absence of filaments, but in the presence of filaments one of the parental species (D. hyalina) was superior, while performance of hybrids did not differ from D. galeata.

No relationship was found between size at first reproduction (range 1.3–2.0 mm) and reduced fitness due to the presence of cyanobacterial filaments.

Shifts in relative fitness of daphnids due to variation in food quality, mediated by the presence of filamentous cyanobacteria, may promote coexistence of hybrids and parental species of the D. longispina complex.
Living roots magnify the response of soil organic carbon decomposition to temperature in temperate grassland
Authors: Hill Paul W. , Garnett Mark H. , Farrar John , Iqbal Zafar , Khalid Muhammad , Soleman Nawaf , Jones Davey L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is both a strong driver of primary productivity and widely believed to be the principal cause of recent increases in global temperature. Soils are the largest store of the world's terrestrial C. Consequently, many investigations have attempted to mechanistically understand how microbial mineralisation of soil organic carbon (SOC) to CO2 will be affected by projected increases in temperature. Most have attempted this in the absence of plants as the flux of CO2 from root and rhizomicrobial respiration in intact plant‐soil systems confounds interpretation of measurements. We compared the effect of a small increase in temperature on respiration from soils without recent plant C with the effect on intact grass swards. We found that for 48 weeks, before acclimation occurred, an experimental 3 °C increase in sward temperature gave rise to a 50% increase in below ground respiration (ca. 0.4 kg C m−2; Q10 = 3.5), whereas mineralisation of older SOC without plants increased with a Q10 of only 1.7 when subject to increases in ambient soil temperature. Subsequent 14C dating of respired CO2 indicated that the presence of plants in swards more than doubled the effect of warming on the rate of mineralisation of SOC with an estimated mean C age of ca. 8 years or older relative to incubated soils without recent plant inputs. These results not only illustrate the formidable complexity of mechanisms controlling C fluxes in soils but also suggest that the dual biological and physical effects of CO2 on primary productivity and global temperature have the potential to synergistically increase the mineralisation of existing soil C.
The Broadband Provision Tensor
Authors: Grubesic Tony H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces the Broadband Provision Tensor (BPT), a new fusion‐based multivariate approach for exploring the spatial, economic, and quality of service dimensions of broadband telecommunication services. Specifically, theBPTallows for the development of a more complex and realistic typology of broadband provision between regions within a uniform geographic scale. Thus, regardless of theBPTbeing implemented for states, metropolitan areas, counties, municipalities, census tracts, or block groups, the units included in the chosen scale of analysis can be compared and benchmarked against their peers. Ultimately, theBPTallows analysts and policy makers to succinctly visualize the broadband provision status regions across multiple dimensions for comparative purposes. This paper highlights an application of theBPTfor 439 municipalities in theU.S. using a combination ofOoklaNetMetrics data and provision information from theNationalBroadbandMap. Results suggest a highly varied spectrum of wireline broadband provision profiles in theU.S. Policy implications are discussed.
A study on seasonal variation of skin parameters in Korean males
Authors: Song E. J. , Lee J. A. , Park J. J. , Kim H. J. , Kim N. S. , Byun K. S. , Choi G. S. , Moon T. K. 
Published: October 2014

SynopsisObjectiveThe physiological characteristics of the skin are varied greatly, depending on gender, age, region and race, and many dermatologic researches have been performed through various research methods. This study aimed to examine how Korean men's skin conditions were influenced by temperature or humidity changes caused by seasonal rotations.MethodsA total of 100 healthy Korean men, age range 20–59 years, participated in the study for both summer and winter. We compared on the characteristics of skin between summer and winter. The skin hydration, skin pH and TEWL were evaluated on the forehead, cheek and forearm. The skin sebum content of the glabella, nasal ala and cheek was measured using Sebumeter® (SM810, Courage+Khazaka, Germany). Cutometer® (MPA 580 Courage+Khazaka, Germany) the elasticity was measured by on the cheeks, and PRIMOS lite® (Phase shift Rapid in vivo Measurement of Skin, GFMesstechnik GmbH, Germany) was used to evaluate wrinkles on crow's feet. Lastly, in addition, the skin pore of the face was measured using the Janus® (PSI, Korea) which is a facial analysis system.ResultsThe results were as follows: the comparison of hydration in summer and winter shows significant differences in their forehead, cheeks and forearm. The pH values of the skin surface were generally higher in winter, and significantly different on each site, and the sebum content was higher in summer than in winter. As a result of the pore measurement, the summer showed more pores compared to the winter, and there was a statistically significant difference in skin pores between summer and winter. The sensitivity measured by stinging test increases significantly more in winter than in summer. However, there were no seasonal differences in wrinkles and skin brightness.ConclusionThe skin surface pH, TEWL, sebum content, hydration, elasticity, wrinkles, skin pore and skin sensitivity vary with seasons and body regions in Korean men.