bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study
Authors: Rajendra Anjana , Bondonno Nicola P. , Zhong Liezhou , Radavelli-Bagatini Simone , Murray Kevin , Rainey-Smith Stephanie R. , Gardener Samantha L. , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Daly Robin M. , Anstey Kaarin J. , Lewis Joshua R. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Bondonno Catherine P. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDietary nitrate is potentially beneficial for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and nervous systems due to its role as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. Increased nitrate intake improves cardiovascular health and therefore could protect against dementia, given the cardiovascular-dementia link.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality. As individuals with diabetes are at higher risk of dementia, a secondary aim was to investigate if the associations between nitrate and dementia varied by diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes status.MethodsThis study involved 9,149 participants aged ≥25 years from the well-characterised Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study followed over a period of 17 years. Intakes of plant-sourced, vegetable-sourced, naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate, and processed meat (where nitrate is an allowed additive)-sourced nitrate were assessed from a 74-item food frequency questionnaire completed by participants at baseline and nitrate databases were used to estimate nitrate from these different dietary sources. Associations between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality were assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and dietary factors.ResultsOver 17 years of follow-up, 93 (1.0%) dementia-related deaths occurred of 1,237 (13.5%) total deaths. In multivariable-adjusted models, participants with the highest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 98 mg/day) had a 57% lower risk of dementia-related mortality [HR (95% CI): 0.43 (0.22, 0.87)] compared to participants with lowest intakes of plant-sourced nitrate (median intake 35 mg/day). A 66% lower risk was also seen for higher intakes of vegetable-sourced nitrate [HR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.17, 0.66)]. No association was observed for animal-sourced nitrate, but the risk was two times higher amongst those who consumed the most processed meat-sourced nitrate intake [HR (95%): 2.10 (1.07, 4.12)]. The highest intake of vegetable-sourced nitrate was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality for those with and without DM and pre-diabetes.ConclusionEncouraging the intake of nitrate-rich vegetables, such as green leafy vegetables and beetroot, may lower the risk of dementia-related mortality, particularly in individuals with (pre-) diabetes who are at a higher dementia risk.
A novel modified penile disassembly procedure for isolated male epispadias repair: preliminary outcomes
Authors: Deng Fuming , Fu Wen , Liu Guochang , Sun Liangzhong 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the preliminary outcome of a novel modification of a penile disassembly procedure.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 15 patients with isolated male epispadias (IME) who underwent a modified penile disassembly procedure. This modification involved leaving the glans connected while dissecting the urethral plate from the corpus cavernosum. This approach reserves the bundles of the anastomosis at the glans, which can prevent ischemic changes.ResultsOne of the first two patients experienced glans ischemic changes on the first day after the operation, which ultimately resulted in the loss of half of the hemiglans. Urethral plate shortening was observed in two patients and was addressed with a transverse preputial island flap. Two patients developed a penopubic urethral fistula, which was repaired 6 months postoperatively. Of the 15 patients, 10 (66%) were continent or social continent, while 4 were incontinent and needed bladder neck reconstruction. One patient had not yet reached the age for continence evaluation. Additionally, Two patients had a residual dorsal curvature of approximately 10–15° and were advised to undergo continuous follow-up.ConclusionsThe modified penile disassembly procedure is a simple, effective, and safe method for IME repair with an acceptable penile appearance and complication rate.
Different care mode alter composition and function of gut microbiota in cerebral palsy children
Authors: Lyu Jinli , Zhang Xiaowei , Xiong Shenghua , Wu Hui , Han Jing , Xie Yongjie , Qiu Feifeng , Yang Zhenyu , Huang Congfu 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSpecialized care is essential for the recovery of children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study investigates how different care modes impact the gut microbiota.MethodsFecal samples from 32 children were collected, among whom those cared for by family (n = 21) were selected as the observation group, and those cared for by children's welfare institutions (n = 11) were selected as the control group (registration number of LGFYYXLL-024). The gut microbiota profiles were analyzed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance at the phylum level. However, at the genus level, the observation group showed a significant increase in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis (P &lt; 0.05), and a significant decrease in the abundance of opportunistic pathogens Prevotella, Clostridium cluster IV, Oscillibacter, and Fusobacterium (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, transcription, cellular processes and signaling, and membrane transport were significantly upregulated in the observation group. Lipid metabolism was positively correlated with Bacteroides and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, indicating a positive impact of the family-centered care mode on bacterial metabolism processes.DiscussionThis study highlights that the family-centered care mode had a positive impact on the composition and function of the gut microbiota. The study provides valuable insights into the relationship between care mode and gut microbiota, which can inspire the development of interventions for cerebral palsy.
Lawyer-client relationship in divorce proceedings: development and validation of a new instrument
Authors: Martínez-Pampliega Ana , Cormenzana Susana , García-Garnica Ma Carmen , Pellón-Elexpuru Inés , Merino Laura 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis study is based on the paradigm of collaborative law and the current absence of instruments that evaluate the lawyer-client relationship as a function of the needs of the family system. The objective was to construct and validate an instrument, conceptualizing the lawyer-client relationship as a helping relationship.MethodTwo groups of experts and 239 parents (58% mothers and 42% fathers), users of Family Visitation Centers, participated in the study. The content, construct, and criterion validity of the instrument, as well as its invariance for both parents, were analyzed.ResultsThe resulting 12-item instrument has been shown to have a two-dimensional structure, invariant for both parents, with high psychometric solidity.DiscussionThe LCR scale seems to be a valuable and effective measure for use in a legal context, with important correlations with the parents’ psychological well-being, leading to a promising and relevant instrument for the holistic approach to the divorce process.
Mendelian randomization analysis does not reveal a causal influence between keratoconus and three major mental disorders
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Wang Qiaoling , Cui Fenghua , Wu Xuelian , Zhang Chenming 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundObservational studies have suggested at a possible link between keratoconus (KC) and various mental disorders, but the exact direction of causation in these associations remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential causal link between KC and three prominent mental conditions: Anxiety, Depression, and Schizophrenia.MethodsUsing instrumental variables identified from Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European individuals, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to explore potential causal relationships between KC and the three major mental disorders. We primarily employed the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) method to evaluate causality. In addition, we performed four supplementary MR methods (MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode). Furthermore, we conducted various sensitivity analyses to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and result stability.ResultsOur findings did not reveal any concrete evidence of a causal link between KC and the three major mental disorders, namely anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia [anxiety: odds ratio (OR)=0.997, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.988–1.008, p = 0.621; depression: OR=1.008, 95% CI=0.999–1.017, p = 0.084; schizophrenia: OR=1.002, 95% CI= 0.984–1.020, p = 0.840]. Similarly, the three major mental disorders were not caustically associated with KC [anxiety: OR=1.014, 95% CI=0.635–1.620, p = 0.953; depression: OR=1.109, 95% CI= 0.749–1.643, p = 0.604; schizophrenia: OR= 0.969, 95% CI= 0.884–1.062, p = 0.497]. The sensitivity analyses indicated that the results remained robust, with no signs of pleiotropy or heterogeneity.ConclusionsOur study does not support a genetically determined significant causal connection between KC and the three major mental disorders. The increased occurrence of mental disorders observed in KC patients in observational reports likely arises from factors that can be modified. Further research is warranted to unveil the underlying mechanisms behind the associations observed in observational studies.
Fostering social health of people with dementia: evaluation of the Razem przed siebie dementia awareness campaign in Poland
Authors: Błaszkiewicz M. , Szcześniak D. , Ciułkowicz M. , Rymaszewska Julia Ewa , Low L.-F. , Brodaty H. , Rymaszewska J. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundDue to the need to increase social awareness about dementia and the needs of patients living with dementia in Poland, the Razem przed siebie (eng. Forward with Dementia) campaign was created. The aim of the study was to evaluate its effectiveness.MethodsTo disseminate key campaign messages to the target audiences (people with dementia, carers, health and social care professionals [HSCP] and general public) a website, social and traditional media promotions, webinars and social activities were created. The campaign ran between September 2021 and April 2022. Mixed methods (online survey, reach estimates and interviews) were used to evaluate the campaign.ResultsAlmost 1,300 people visited the website during the campaign period. Of these, 55 carers and HSCP responded to the online survey. The most read section of the website was Understanding the diagnosis (carers [56% of 25] and HSCP [80% out of 30]). The website was mostly accessed by carers (68%) and HSCP (66.7%) through word-of-mouth recommendations. 80% carers and 90% HSCP found the website very or extremely helpful. Over 90% of carers and HSCP expressed an intention to revisit the website. Based on 31 interviews, campaign effects, change mechanisms and limitations were identified. Campaign events elicited positive emotions among people with dementia, providing them with a feeling of belonging and engagement. Esteeming personal interactions over informational campaign materials, those with dementia felt acknowledged and empowered by the events. Carers also reported positive experiences and increased interest and knowledge, though they expressed disappointment with the lack of respite care, an issue beyond the campaign’s scope. HSCP perceived the campaign events positively and identified significant gaps in the dementia care system.ConclusionEvaluation of the Razem przed siebie campaign revealed successes and limitations. While effectively incorporating anti-stigma campaign recommendations and enhancing social health for individuals with dementia, the campaign clearly showed the pressing need for systemic solutions. Despite positive perception of the campaign, there is a need for a better diagnostic and post-diagnostic support for people with dementia and their carers.
Identification of distinct physical activity profiles through adolescence: a longitudinal qualitative description study
Authors: Bélanger Mathieu , Goguen Julie , Beauchamp Jacinthe , Gallant François , Boucher Anika , Chevarie Jean-Sébastien , DeGrâce Sara , Saheb Yanis , Gagnon Maryse , Doré Isabelle , Sabiston Catherine M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWe aimed to better understand longitudinal physical activity experiences among initially active adolescents and to identify and describe distinct physical activity profiles.MethodsA sample of 23 physically active participants [52% female; mean age = 12.2 (0.6) years at study inception] were selected from the MATCH study to take part in this nested qualitative descriptive study. Participants were interviewed once a year for six years. Following individual-level analyses, profiles were identified based on similarity of longitudinal experiences.ResultsFour profiles captured participants' experiences: Independents (those who progressively seek activities that cater to their pursuit of autonomy); Multitaskers (those who participate in many different sports as an integral part of their lifestyle); Specialists (those who are dedicated to becoming the best they can be at one sport); Undecided (those who take part in physical activity to occupy time).DiscussionThe exploration of longitudinal physical activity experiences led to the identification of distinct profiles that could be targets for tailored interventions, theory development, and participation models.
The presentation pattern and surgical strategies in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors: a multicenter experience in a low-income country
Authors: Deme Workneh Tesfaye , Merine Seyoum Kassa , Wadaja Desalegn Fekadu , Gemeda Abdela Hayato , Demissie Meklit Tamrat , Bahta Mahlet Tesfaye , Reta Demissie Wondu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundBronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors include typical and atypical carcinoids, with typical carcinoids accounting for 80%–90% of these types of tumor. The primary curative treatment for these tumors is surgical resection. To our knowledge, there are limited studies on the presentation patterns and treatment strategies of bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors in Africa.ObjectiveTo determine the presentation patterns and surgical strategies in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors in patients treated at multicenters in Ethiopia from January 2018 to December 2023.Materials and methodsA 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records and pathology record reviews of patients operated on in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Menelik II Hospital, and Saint Peter's Specialized Hospital from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2023. The completeness of the data was checked before being entered into EpiData version 4.6.1, and analysis was conducted using SPSS version 29. Logistic regression was applied to depict the association of the histological pattern with its predictors. A P-value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant for the association of variables.ResultsA total of 62 patients with bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors were included in the study with a mean age of 35.29 ± 12.26 years ranging from 14 to 67 years, in which more than half [37 (56.5%)] were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.3. The majority of the patients were non-smokers (90.3%) and symptomatic (98.4%), with a mean duration of symptoms of 29.7 ± 26 months, ranging from 3 to 156 months. Nearly half of the patients (48.4%) were treated for pulmonary tuberculosis before a diagnosis of carcinoid tumor was made. The majority of the patients underwent surgery by open posterolateral thoracotomy (98.4%), and pneumonectomy was the most common (38.7%) resection performed. Typical carcinoids were observed in 85.5% of patients. Age, smoking history, duration of symptoms, location of tumors, and lymph node status were statistically associated with histological patterns.RecommendationBased on our study findings, improving physician awareness on the clinical presentation of carcinoid tumors, training for surgeons in less invasive surgical approaches, and further nationwide studies are recommended.
Effect of allogeneic pure platelet-rich plasma, sodium cloxacillin, and their combination for the treatment of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows
Authors: López Catalina , Duque-Madrid Paulo Cesar , Ceballos-Márquez Alejandro , Carmona Jorge U. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionBovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Gram-positive bacteria is a major cause of economic loss in the dairy industry, exacerbated in situations where antimicrobial resistance is present. Pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) may be a therapeutic alternative for SCM, when used alone or with antibiotics, such as sodium cloxacillin (SC). This study aimed 1) to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic P-PRP, SC, and their combination (P-PRP+SC) in cows with SCM caused by Staphylococcus aureus and by streptococci (Staphylococcus aureus and S. dysgalactiae); 2) to determine the concentrations of somatic cells (SCC), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and TGF-β1 in milk samples of the cows.Methods130 cows from 4 dairy herds completed the study, of which 40 cows were treated with P-PRP (10 mL), 28 cows with SC (5g), 36 with P-PRP+SC (10mL/5g), and 26 did not receive no treatment (negative control group, NCG).ResultsThe overall bacteriological cure was observed in 10/40 (25%) cows in the P-PRP group, 9/28 (32.14%) animals in the SC group, 26/36 (72.22%) cows in the P-PRP+SC group, and 10/26 (38.46%) animals in the NCG. SCM caused by S. aureus (82/130, 63.08%), was cured in 6/24 (25%) cows treated with P-PRP, 7/24 (29.2%) cows treated with SC, 8/16 (50%) animals treated with P-PRP+SC, and in 8/18 (44.4%) cows in NCG. For SCM caused by the streptococci (48/130, 36.91%), the cure was achieved in 4/12 (33.3%) cows treated with P-PRP, 2/4 (50%) cows treated with SC, 18/20 (90%) cows treated with P-PRP+SC, and in 2/8 (25%) cows of the NCG. SCC was significantly (p &lt; 0.001) affected by the treatment, herd, cure, bacteria group, and number of calvings factors. IL-1β milk concentrations were significantly (p &lt; 0.001) influenced by treatment and farm factors, and the interaction between these factors. TNF-α milk concentrations were significantly (p &lt; 0.001) influenced by time factor. TGF-β1 milk concentrations were significantly affected by the time and cure factors.ConclusionThe combination of P-PRP and SC showed the best therapeutic response (90%) against bovine SCM caused by streptococci. However, none of the treatments showed an effective therapeutic response against S. aureus.
Multi-Hydrogen Bonding on Quaternized-Oligourea Receptor Facilitated Its Interaction with Bacterial Cell Membranes and DNA for Broad-Spectrum Bacteria Killing
Authors: Yan Xiaojin , Yang Fan , Lv Guanghao , Qiu Yuping , Jia Xiaoying , Hu Qirong , Zhang Jia , Yang Jing , Ouyang Xiangyuan , Gao Lingyan , Jia Chuandong 
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report a new strategy for the design of antibiotic agents based on the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding, highlighting the significance of hydrogen bonding and the increased recognition sites in facilitating the interaction with bacterial cell membranes and DNA. A series of quaternary ammonium functionalized urea-based anion receptors were studied. While the monodentate mono-urea M1, bisurea M2, and trisurea M3 failed to break through the cell membrane barrier and thus could not kill bacteria, the extended bidentate dimers D1–D3 presented gradually increased membrane penetrating capabilities, DNA conformation perturbation abilities, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. epidermidis.
Growth of Hg0.7Cd0.3Te on Van Der Waals Mica Substrates via Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Ma Shuo , Pan Wenwu , Sun Xiao , Zhang Zekai , Gu Renjie , Faraone Lorenzo , Lei Wen 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we present a study on the direct growth of Hg0.7Cd0.3Te thin films on layered transparent van der Waals mica (001) substrates through weak interface interaction through molecular beam epitaxy. The preferred orientation for growing Hg0.7Cd0.3Te on mica (001) substrates is found to be the (111) orientation due to a better lattice match between the Hg0.7Cd0.3Te layer and the underlying mica substrate. The influence of growth parameters (mainly temperature and Hg flux) on the material quality of epitaxial Hg0.7Cd0.3Te thin films is studied, and the optimal growth temperature and Hg flux are found to be approximately 190 °C and 4.5 × 10−4 Torr as evidenced by higher crystalline quality and better surface morphology. Hg0.7Cd0.3Te thin films (3.5 µm thick) grown under these optimal growth conditions present a full width at half maximum of 345.6 arc sec for the X-ray diffraction rocking curve and a root-mean-square surface roughness of 6 nm. However, a significant number of microtwin defects are observed using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, which leads to a relatively high etch pit density (mid-107 cm−2) in the Hg0.7Cd0.3Te thin films. These findings not only facilitate the growth of HgCdTe on mica substrates for fabricating curved IR sensors but also contribute to a better understanding of growth of traditional zinc-blende semiconductors on layered substrates.
mito do carnaval
Authors: Leite Francisco Benedito 
Published: August 2024

Carnaval em Bakhtin é um conceito fecundos análise da cultura. A obra Cultura Popular na Idade Média e no Renascimento aponta para outros âmbitos da cultura em que se manifesta o carnaval, que é um fenômeno que vem se revelando desde a Antiguidade, sobrevivendo em renovadas formas na Idade Média e no Renascimento e também subsistindo na contemporaneidade, apesar do interesse em reprimi-lo. Nesse artigo, o objetivo é apontar para a concepção simbólica do carnaval bakhtiniano, a partir da fundamentação do conceito na filosofia das formas simbólicas de Cassirer. Em primeiro lugar, será descrito um resumo da obra de Bakhtin, no segundo momento, será dada uma síntese do pensamento de Cassirer, e, por fim, será feita a proposta de interpretação do referido conceito bakhtiniano a partir da teoria de Cassirer.