bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Prediction of Multiterritory Flap: A Preliminary Clinical Study on the Classification of Priority Developing Artery and Arterial Anastomosis Utilizing Indocyanine Green Angiography
Authors: Cao Zilong , Jiao Hu , Gan Cheng , Tian Jia , Zhang Tiran , Li Rui , Yue Qiang , Liu Liqiang 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Congestion and necrosis are frequent complications in multiterritory flaps. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is a commonly utilized tool for evaluating blood flow and perforator location within the flap; however, there is currently no existing research investigating its potential to predict flap prognosis before surgery.

Methods:
The forehead skin of 50 surgical patients was assessed using preoperative ICGA, enabling observation and classification of the priority developing artery and arterial anastomosis among adjacent arterial perfusion territories during the arterial phase. Subsequently, 5 clinical cases of forehead flap transfer were studied to validate the classification method.

Results:
First, the priority developing artery can be classified into 4 types and 5 subtypes, encompassing type Ⅰa: Bilateral ST-As equalization type (9/50), type Ⅰb: unilateral ST-A dominance type (11/50), type II: SOT-As dominance type (14/50), type III: unilateral ST-A plus SOT-A dominance type (6/50), and type IV: bilateral ST-As plus SOT-As equilibrium type (10/50). Second, arterial anastomosis can be divided into 5 types: type I: complete choke anastomosis type (13/50), type II: complete true anastomosis type (7/50), type III: central choke anastomosis type (10/50), type IV: bilateral choke anastomosis type (8/50), and type V: unilateral choke anastomosis type (12/50). Finally, the clinical flap outcomes showed that the ICGA classification could serve as a good prognostic indicator.

Conclusions:
The hemodynamic classification of priority developing artery and arterial anastomosis employed by ICGA has the potential to predict flap prognosis and offer valuable insights for preoperative design and perioperative treatment strategies. More sample size is needed to optimize and validate this classification.
The Current State of Regionalization in Otolaryngologic Specialized Tumor Care for Tumor Diagnoses
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Nguyen Theodore V. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Roman Kelsey M. , Tjoa Tjoson , Haidar Yarah M. , Djalilian Hamid R. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
The current extent of otolaryngologic cancer care regionalization is unclear. This study characterizes case volume regionalization patterns for 4 distinct otolaryngologic tumors—head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), thyroid cancers (TCs), vestibular schwannomas, and pituitary adenomas (PAs).

Methods:
The 2010–2016 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with HNSCCs, TCs, vestibular schwannomas, and PAs. Facility geographic locations were divided into 4 geographical quadrants. High-volume facilities (HVFs) were defined as top 100 by volume facility for ≥1 pathology.

Results:
A total of 191/1342 facilities (4.2%) were defined as an HVF. Vestibular schwannoma was the most regionalized, with 65.9% of patients treated at an HVF. Thyroid cancer (37.4%) and HNSCC (38.8%) were the least commonly treated at HVFs. Forty-one/191 (21.5%) were classified as HVFs for all 4 pathologies. Factors predictive of treatment at HVFs included age <65, higher income, and private insurance, larger tumor size, and lower American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.

Conclusion:
Over 20% of HVFs were considered high-volume for all 4 pathologies. Vestibular schwannomas were the most regionalized compared with PAs, TCs, and HSNCCs.
Operative Technique for Extirpation of Large Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy Involving Alveolus and Anterior Maxilla in the Region of the Premaxilla
Authors: Isch Emily L. , Kozlowski Gabrielle , Meredith Luke , Aycart Mario , Caterson Edward J. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy are rare, benign neoplasms predominantly affecting the craniofacial region, and they are typically managed through resection with minimal need for reconstruction. However, in exceptional cases, larger or more complex tumors may necessitate open craniofacial approaches, with limited literature detailing the surgical strategies for these scenarios. The authors report a distinctive case of an aggressively expanding melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy in a pediatric patient, describing their approach for the tumor’s resection.

Methods:
A 10-week-old male presented to the hospital with a reported 2 weeks of swelling of the left upper gum line noted by his mother and pediatrician. Preoperative biopsy revealed a soft, fluid-filled lesion, prompting surgical planning for complete excision. Intraoperative assessment with a nasal speculum by ENT, and utilization of a piezoelectric saw by plastic surgery facilitated precise tumor resection. The surgical technique required meticulous dissection, ensuring clear margins while preserving surrounding structures.

Results:
The tumor, encompassing the alveolus and anterior maxilla, was completely excised with negative margins. Utilization of the piezoelectric saw facilitated safe bone cutting, preserving vital structures while ensuring comprehensive tumor removal. The patient tolerated the procedure well, with no immediate postoperative complications.

Conclusions:
Complete resection is essential in minimizing the risk of recurrence in MNTI. The utilization of piezoelectric surgery enhances precision and safety in tumor resection, preserving anatomic integrity and optimizing patient outcomes. This case underscores the importance of meticulous surgical techniques in managing craniofacial tumors, advocating for the adoption of advanced surgical tools to improve clinical outcomes.
Comparison of immunogenicity and protection efficacy of self-amplifying and circular mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Singh Oinam Ningthemmani , Berry Umang , Joshi Garima , Asuru Tejeswara Rao , Chandrasekar Kannan , Narayanan Sriram , Srivastava Puneet , Tiwari Mahima , Chattopadhyay Souvick , Mehdi Farha , Panda Bhisma Narayan , Nayak Debasis , Mani Shailendra , Shrivastava Tripti , Batra Gaurav , Ranjith-Kumar C.T. , Guchhait Prasenjit , Surjit Milan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent advances in vaccine technology have positioned messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines as safe and reliable options for human use. Conventionally, mRNA vaccines were designed using linear or self-amplifying mRNA (SAM), the latter considered to be superior. However, limited success was achieved with SAM vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, studies on Circular mRNA (Circ-RNA) vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and monkey pox proved their efficacy. Circ-RNAs are highly stable, neither they induce inflammatory response nor require any extracellular protein for their function. Here, we compared the efficacy of SAM- and Circ-RNA vaccines using the SARS-CoV-2-RBD (receptor binding domain) as the antigen. Both SAM-RBD and Circ-RBD induced a comparable anti-RBD IgG titer and virus-neutralizing antibody titer. However, the latter induced a significantly higher memory T-cell response. Immunization with SAM- and Circ-RBD showed no mortality and improved lung pathophysiology against acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. The Circ-RBD vaccine is stable for 4 weeks at 40C. A bivalent vaccine containing Circ-RBD of both delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants potently neutralized these viruses. These findings demonstrate Circ-RNA-RBD as an excellent vaccine candidate against COVID-19 and also provide a platform for developing bivalent Circ-RNA vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses with rapidly emerging variants.
Perception/action coupling is modulated by the age-related motor skills of the agent performing the action
Authors: Clavaud-Seon Nicole , Guillon Quentin , Schmitz Christina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe perception/action coupling, underpinned by Mirror Neurons, allows the understanding of others’ action goal and intention picked up from cues conveyed by the individual’s kinematics and the context of the action. This mechanism can be modulated by familiarity with the observed action, by motor experience and motor expertise for that action, but could it be modulated by the age-related motor skills of the agent performing the action? We used an eye-tracking visual preference paradigm to study the modulation of perception/action coupling in 62 adults when viewing videos of daily actions presented in a forward reading direction or, for the same action, in a backward reading direction. Video actions were performed by young actors aged 4, 8, and 13 years and by adults. We found greater pupil dilation for all backward videos compared to forward videos. Interestingly, pupil dilation was greater for the forward videos with child actors than for those with adolescent/adult actors. An overall comparison of looking times during the preference phase did not reveal a preference for either video but testing for a context effect revealed a preference for backward videos when the last video observed in the exposure phase was forward. This study demonstrated the influence of the agent’s age-related motor abilities on the observer’s perception/action coupling and revealed that pupil dilation and the context effect could be relevant cues for exploring this coupling in a non-invasive, passive experimental setup that is particularly suitable for exploring perception/action coupling in very young children with a developmental disorder.
Decoding the elite soccer player’s psychological profile
Authors: Bonetti Leonardo , Vestberg Torbjōrn , Jafari Reza , Seghezzi Debora , Ingvar Martin , Kringelbach Morten L. , Goncalves Alberto , Petrovic Predrag 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoccer is arguably the most widely followed sport worldwide, and many dream of becoming soccer players. However, only a few manage to achieve this dream, which has cast a significant spotlight on elite soccer players who possess exceptional skills to rise above the rest. Originally, such attention was focused on their great physical abilities. However, recently, it a new perspective has emerged, suggesting that being an elite soccer player require a deep understanding of the game, rapid information processing and decision-making. This growing attention has led to several studies suggesting higher executive functions in soccer players compared to the general population. Unfortunately, these studies often had small and non-elite samples, focusing mainly on executive functions alone without employing advanced machine learning techniques. In this study, we used artificial neural networks to comprehensively investigate the personality traits and cognitive abilities of a sample of 328 participants, including 204 elite soccer players from the top teams in Brazil and Sweden. Our findings indicate that elite soccer players demonstrate heightened planning and memory capacities, enhanced executive functions, especially cognitive flexibility, elevated levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness to experience, coupled with reduced neuroticism and agreeableness. This research provides insights into the psychology of elite soccer players, holding significance for talent identification, development strategies in soccer and offering insights into the psychological profiles associated with success.Significance statementThis study explores the psychological profiles of elite soccer players, revealing that success on the field goes beyond physical ability. By analysing a sample of 328 participants, including 204 elite soccer players from the top teams in Brazil and Sweden, we found that elite players have exceptional cognitive abilities, including improved planning, memory, and decision-making skills. They also possess personality traits like high conscientiousness and openness, along with reduced neuroticism. Using artificial intelligence, we identified unique psychological patterns that could help in talent identification and development. These insights can be used to better understand the mental attributes that contribute to success in soccer and other high-performance fields.
Anxious individuals are more sensitive to changes in outcome variability and value differences in dynamic environments
Authors: McCoy Brónagh , Lawson Rebecca P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnxiety is known to alter learning in uncertain environments. Standard experimental paradigms and computational models addressing these differences have mainly assessed the impact of volatility, and anxious individuals have been shown to have a reduced learning rate when moving from a stable to volatile environment. Previous research has not, however, independently assessed the impact of both changes in volatility, i.e., reversals in reward contingency, and changes in outcome variability (noise) in the same individuals. Here we use a simple probabilistic reversal learning paradigm to independently manipulate the level of volatility and noise at the experimental level in a fully orthogonal design. We replicate general increases, irrespective of anxiety levels, in both positive and negative learning rates when moving from low to high volatility, but only in the context of low noise. When low volatility is combined with high noise, more anxious individuals display negative learning rates similar to high volatility with high noise, whereas those lower in anxiety show the usual negative learning rate increase from low to high volatility. Within-individual increases in lose-shift responses from low to high noise conditions scale with levels of anxious traits, but this occurs under low volatility only. We furthermore find that people with higher anxious traits are more accurate overall and utilize a more exploitative decision-making strategy in this dynamic environment. Our findings suggest that changes in both sources of uncertainty, volatility and noise, should be carefully considered when assessing learning, particularly in relation to anxiety and other neuropsychiatric conditions, and implicate anxiety-related differences in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter signalling when learning in highly changeable environments.
Neural correlates of age-related changes in social decisions from episodic memory
Authors: van Geen Camilla , Cohen Michael S. , Lempert Karolina M. , MacNear Kameron A. , Reckers Frances M. , Zaneski Laura , Wolk David A. , Kable Joseph W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOlder adults are frequent victims of financial scams. Previous behavioral research suggests that this may be due to systematic biases in how they make decisions about whom to trust: for instance, Lempert et al. (2022) found that relative to younger adults, older adults were more likely to base decisions about whether to re-engage with someone on how generous that person looked, rather than on their memory for how they had previously behaved. Here, we aimed to identify the neural correlates of these age-dependent changes in social decision-making in order to clarify the mechanism by which they emerge. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we measured neural activity while a total of 86 participants – 45 younger and 41 older adults – learned about how much of a $10 endowment an individual, represented by a picture of their face, was willing to share with them in a dictator game. After this encoding phase, participants then made decisions about whom they wanted to play another round of the dictator game with. In line with previous findings, we found that older adults did not reliably prefer to re-engage with people who had proven themselves to be generous. This bias was the result of several factors: (1) older adults had worse associative memory for how much each person had shared, possibly due to an age-dependent decrease in neural activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) during encoding, (2) older adults had a stronger tendency to re-engage with familiar over novel faces regardless of their past behavior, and (3) while activity in value-responsive brain regions tracked with how generous a face looked across the age range, older adults were less able to inhibit the influence of these irrelevant perceptual features when it was necessary to do so. In line with this behavioral effect, younger adults showed greater activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during choices that required suppressing irrelevant perceptual features in favor of associative memory. Taken together, our findings highlight age-dependent changes in both the ability to encode relevant information and to adaptively deploy it in service of social decisions.
An Integrative Study to Investigate Sex-Specific Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Bhandary Priyanka , Griffin Kevin , Moore Jason H. , Li Xue , Wang Zhiping Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBladder cancer shows distinct sex-related patterns, with male patients experiencing significantly higher incidence and female patients facing worse survival outcomes. In this paper, we aimed to address the lack of understanding of the biological mechanisms responsible for this sex-based divergence through an integrative analysis using bladder cancer data from TCGA and GTEx. Our study analyzed various bladder cancer data types, including genomic mutation data, gene expression data, and clinical data. We conducted an in-depth study of protein-protein interactions, pathway analysis, survival analysis, and immune cell correlations. Notably, we discovered that the androgen receptor (AR) related pathways were unique to male hub genes, while the Wnt signaling pathway was unique to female hub genes. Additionally, we identified 14 hub genes with significant sex-biased survival rates, including known DLGAP5, SOX2, LAMA2, and COL5A2, as well as new discoveries of male-specific markers ERCC5, NID1, and ANK2, and female-specific RAD51C, COL22A1 and COL5A2. Furthermore, we identified four male hub genes—DAXX, IKBKB, PDGFRA, and PPARG—that overlapped with immune-related genes. The expression of these genes exhibited differential interactions with immune cells between males and females. These insights could pave the way for more personalized and effective therapeutic interventions tailored to male and female patients.
VISTA Uncovers Missing Gene Expression and Spatial-induced Information for Spatial Transcriptomic Data Analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Lin Yingxin , Luo Xiao , Sun Yizhou , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCharacterizing cell activities within a spatially resolved context is essential to enhance our understanding of spatially-induced cellular states and features. While single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) offers comprehensive profiling of cells within a tissue, it fails to capture spatial context. Conversely, subcellular spatial transcriptomics (SST) technologies provide high-resolution spatial profiles of gene expression, yet their utility is constrained by the limited number of genes they can simultaneously profile. To address this limitation, we introduce VISTA, a novel approach designed to predict the expression levels of unobserved genes specifically tailored for SST data. VISTA jointly models scRNA-seq data and SST data based on variational inference and geometric deep learning, and incorporates uncertainty quantification. Using four SST datasets, we demonstrate VISTA’s superior performance in imputation and in analyzing large-scale SST datasets with satisfactory time efficiency and memory consumption. The imputation of VISTA enables a multitude of downstream applications, including the detection of new spatially variable genes, the discovery of novel ligand-receptor interactions, the inference of spatial RNA velocity, the generation for spatial transcriptomics with in-silico perturbation, and an improved decomposition of spatial and intrinsic variations.
EarlyHoxGene Expression in Echinoderms
Authors: Ezhova Olga V. , Ageenko Natalya V. , Kiselev Konstantin V. , Lukinykh Anastasiya I. , Malakhov Vladimir V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBreakages of sequentialHoxexpression in Echinodermata may reflect evolutionary changes in the body plan. We quantifiedHoxgene expression at early larval stages, i.e., blastula at 13 hpf, gastrula at 35 hpf, prism stage at 46 hpf, and echinoplutei at 4 and 9 dpf, in the sea urchin with indirect development,Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The design of specific primers for real-time PCR (q-RT–PCR) forS. intermediuswas performed. At blastula stage, onlySiHox7(medialHoxgroup),SiHox11/13bandSiHox11/13c(posteriorHoxgroup) were expressed. At gastrula and prism stages, the expression ofSiHoxgenes was lower than that in unfertilized eggs. Significant increase in the expression of allSiHoxgenes was observed in 4-day pluteus with further increase ofSiHox1, SiHox8, SiHox9/10, andSiHox11/13bexpression in 9-day pluteus.In other echinoderms, the genes of anteriorHoxgroup are nearly not expressed in the early stages of development. At blastula, gastrula and prism stages, the genes of medialHoxgroup (mainlyHox7andHox8) and posteriorHoxgroup (mainlyHox11/13a, 11/13b, 11/13c) are significantly expressed. This breakage of sequentialHoxexpression in echinoderm ancestors may be caused by loss of metameric gill slits, which are the most important synapomorphy of deuterostomes.
A long-context RNA foundation model for predicting transcriptome architecture
Authors: Saberi Ali , Choi Benedict , Wang Simai , Hernández-Corchado Aldo , Naghipourfar Mohsen , Namini Arsham Mikaeili , Ramani Vijay , Emad Amin , Najafabadi Hamed S. , Goodarzi Hani 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLinking DNA sequence to genomic function remains one of the grand challenges in genetics and genomics. Here, we combine large-scale single-molecule transcriptome sequencing of diverse cancer cell lines with cutting-edge machine learning to build LoRNASH, an RNA foundation model that learns how the nucleotide sequence of unspliced pre-mRNA dictates transcriptome architecture—the relative abundances and molecular structures of mRNA isoforms. Owing to its use of the StripedHyena architecture, LoRNASHhandles extremely long sequence inputs at base-pair resolution (∼65 kilobase pairs), allowing for quantitative, zero-shot prediction of all aspects of transcriptome architecture, including isoform abundance, isoform structure, and the impact of DNA sequence variants on transcript structure and abundance. We anticipate that our public data release and the accompanying frontier model will accelerate many aspects of RNA biotechnology. More broadly, we envision the use of LoRNASHas a foundation for fine-tuning of any transcriptome-related downstream prediction task, including cell-type specific gene expression, splicing, and general RNA processing.