bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Footprints of drought risk on Africa’s agricultural, water and nutritional security
Authors: Sharma Tarul , Amarnath Giriraj , Amarasinghe Upali , Seid Abdulkarim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Prolonged and recurrent droughts seriously threaten Africa’s food and water security. This threat frequently coexists with human-induced calamities, such as domestic and international conflicts and civil unrest, which could exacerbate the socio-economic instability already present in the region. Using a novel data-driven approach, we evaluated how drought risk in Africa affects the security of various crucial sectors of sustainable development, such as agriculture, water, and food nutrition/health (referred here as ‘nutritional’). Our findings show that different sectors and geographical areas exhibit distinct risk footprints. In Central African countries, for instance, we found that social instability linked to higher nutritional risk is more prevalent than that resulting from the agriculture and water sectors. Socio-economic volatility rather than uncertainty in the climate is the primary driver of this elevated nutritional risk. However, most Northern African countries are at risk of considerable agriculture and water insecurity because of extreme water stress and unstable climate trends. We indicate that the risk is majorly driven by recurrent drought events in Southern Africa, which significantly affect inclusive sectoral securities. The cause of higher risks in Eastern and Western Africa has been found to be an unfavorable interaction of all the risk components—vulnerability, exposure, and hazard. Notably, basic amenities, climate stability, and access to sustainable and renewable water sources are often missing from Africa’s sectoral risk hotspots. Our results emphasize the necessity of maximizing the efficacy of bottom-up initiatives to achieve sustainable food and water security, by integrating socio-economic policies and climate change at the granular level through observation.
Application of digital transformation in real-time bridge monitoring systems: a case study with GNSS, accelerometer and IoT solution
Authors: Quang Vu Ngoc , Ha Nguyen Viet , Trong Tran Dinh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Digital transformation is a term that has recently become more popular in all industries such as economics, financial fields, and engineering. The development of the Internet of Things, smart sensor systems, and cloud computing is the basis for forming effective solutions in construction monitoring from cyclic monitoring and post-processing to real-time monitoring and processing; from physical storage systems to virtual systems, and connecting every component in the project. This article presents a study and application of advanced devices including GNSS, acceleration sensors and IoT solutions in bridge construction monitoring. The research aims to apply smart devices and IoT to build real-time monitoring modules for bridge projects following the digital transformation trend. The study uses a GNSS N3 Comnav receiver with a sampling interval of 1Hz, an MPU 6050 acceleration sensor with a sampling frequency of 250 Hz, and an ESP Wi-Fi module. The result of the research is a real-time wireless monitoring system that operates effectively and economically and initially processes data with GNSS and high-frequency acceleration sensors.
Predicting PM2.5 concentrations in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province using an artificial neural network model
Authors: Dung H M , Than N H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Air pollution has increased rapidly and significantly recently, particularly in big cities. Various methods for predicting air pollution are available, including traditional air quality models, statistical techniques, and artificial intelligence. In this study, the author developed a model using a Feed Forward Neural Network with multivariate statistical methods to predict air pollution. Data from three automated air monitoring locations in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province were gathered between 2020 and 2022 to forecast the concentration of PM2.5. The results demonstrated that the FFNN model with an I(6)-HL(5)-O(1) structure outperformed other models in predicting PM2.5 concentration. The training, validation, and testing phases yielded mean squared error values of 9.2×10−6, 8.2×10−6, and 8.6×10−6, respectively. The regression coefficient obtained consistently high values across a range of experiments (above 0.99). The MSE value of the FFNN model of the prediction set was lower than that of the NSE value, which was higher than those obtained from the multiple linear regression.
Urban green tree morphology and the problem of minimizing runoff. A case study in Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Hue City, Vietnam.
Authors: Phuc Chi Lang Le , Ngoc Bay Tran , Hoang Son Nguyen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sustainable urban drainage by green infrastructure is emphasized. Trees can change the three processes of interception, evapotranspiration, and infiltration of the hydrological cycle, so they are considered one of the effective solutions to reduce urban flooding. The article applies Minnesota’s Minimum Impact Design Standards (MIDS) Calculator method to compare the ability to reduce surface runoff of urban trees on Ly Thuong Kiet Street before 2009 and 2022. The calculation results show that before 2009 it was 3,406m3; after expanding the road and replacing the type of greenery, it was only 1,570m3 in 2022, a decrease of 2.16 times compared to before 2009. The factors that create the difference are canopy area (CP), leaf area index (LAI), tree species, and soil volume for each tree. The decrease in this ability is due to the greenery replaced after 2010 being unsuitable for local characteristics, so the trees are poorly developed or dead.
Therapeutic Garden Design at Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital
Authors: Akbarinaldi G , Utami F N H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mental disorders is characterized by clinically significant disturbance in a person’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior. Dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital (RSMM) is one of the mental hospitals that provides psychosocial rehabilitation services. Psychosocial rehabilitation consists of various activities to hone the patient’s ability so that they live independently. One of the activities is vocational and occupational therapy. The hospital garden is a necessity in the patient rehabilitation process so it needs to be designed to make it can be utilized optimally. The research objectives are to identify and analyze activities, user needs, potentials and constraints on the site; determine the design concept and create a therapeutic garden design for psychosocial rehabilitation at Marzoeki Mahdi Hospital. This research uses a descriptive method with stages such as preparation, research and analysis, concept and design. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, questionnaires and literature studies. The proposed design is a therapeutic garden to support psychosocial rehabilitation. The design concept applies one of patients rehabilitaion activities, namely socializing, which is depicted in a circular pattern and rehabilitation activities carried out repeatedly are depicted in a repetitive pattern. In addition, a symmetrical pattern is also applied which illustrates organized life and firmness. Based on this pattern, spaces are designed to support rehabilitation activities, namely the welcome area, active therapy area, passive therapy area and parking area.
Identification of landscape components for heat mitigation in Bahrain’s arid climate urban waterfront parks
Authors: Saputra W E , Lai L Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Heat mitigation became a significant issue in urban spaces because of increased urban temperature due to urban heat phenomena in cities worldwide, particularly in regions with arid climates. This paper discusses the potential of landscape component configurations that mitigate heat in urban parks in arid climate regions. This paper explores the possibility of landscape components in arid climates to mitigate heat in the microthermal areas of urban parks. A case study area and systematic literature review methodology were applied to analyze combining landscape components to generate outdoor heat mitigation in arid climate regions. The study found that combinations of ground asphalt and solid building provide the lowest temperature compared to other configurations in Bahrain’s arid urban waterfront park, which might provide a solid shadow and supported by wind speeds.
Numerical Study on Static and Fatigue Behavior of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash Concrete Modelled using Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) Model
Authors: Nandhineekrishna  , Channappa T M , Prashanth M H , Kuttagola Imran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Alkali-activated concretes (AAC) are considered as an alternative to Portland cement concretes because of their much lower carbon emissions. To study its characteristics is of utmost importance. In the present research, an attempt is made to create a numerical model to analyze the static and fatigue flexural behavior of alkali-activated fly ash concrete (FC) and compare them with ordinary Portland cement concrete (PCC). Three-point bending tests are simulated for the monotonic load to obtain the static behavior of a 2D notched rectangular beam. A 2D beam specimen of size 262.5 mm x 75 mm, with a notch of size 15 mm x 3 mm was provided at the bottom middle. Fly ash-based alkali-activated concrete (FC) and corresponding PCC of similar strength are modeled in ABAQUS CAE using the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model. The ultimate loads, maximum deflection, and CMOD for each of them were obtained from the history output manager. The results of monotonic tests are utilized for creating a sinusoidal load cycle for fatigue tests with various loading frequencies and stress ratios. Different structural responses are examined under the fatigue test. The results showed that FC performs better than PCC under static and fatigue tests. Fatigue performance of both FC and PCC is influenced by the frequency of loading and fatigue life increases at higher frequencies. It is also found that stress reversal negatively impacts the fatigue life of both FC and PCC.
Bio gas production from blends of canna generalis plant chaff with cow dung and poultry waste
Authors: Naik Pushparaj A. , Deekshitha K , Janakaraj M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Canna x generalis plant is proved as a wetland species identified for the treatment of partially treated domestic wastewater. Mycrophyte chaff harvested from wetland system is commonly discharged into the environment, posing a hazard to the friendliness of the environment. There are examples of plant chaff being used as a renewable energy source, particularly in the production of bio gas. Therefore a study on the biogas production from blends of canna x generalis plant chaff with cow dung and Poultry waste is carried out. The wastes are blended as Canna chaff and Cow dung (CC: CD), Canna chaff and Poultry dropping (CC: PD), all in different ratios, while the CC alone served as control. The CC waste is ground, blended with cow dung and Poultry waste and charged to the digesters in the prescribed ratio. The moisture content of the wastes are determined as the water to waste ratio. The anaerobic digestion is operated under a mesophilic temperature range of 23°C - 37°C during the digestion period. Findings revealed that the cumulative biogas yield from cow dung and canna chaff in 1:3 and 1:4 ratios is 40 % higher than the cumulative biogas yield from canna chaff alone. The cumulative biogas produced by combining Poultry droppings and canna chaff in a 1:3 ratio is 32 percent more than the cumulative biogas yield with substrate canna chaff alone. All the blends commenced flammable gas production within 24 hr of charging the digesters, however, the gas flammability was not sustained and gas production decreased considerably after 4th day. Overall results show that blending the canna plant chaff with cow dung and Poultry droppings in proportion 1:3 yielded maximum cumulative biogas over the entire digestion period.
Experimental Investigation of Tannery wastewater by Electrocoagulation method
Authors: Priyadharshini B , Abraham Marykutty , Nirmala R , Agalya S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Treating tannery wastewater poses a significant challenge due to its composition, comprising biogenic materials from hides and a diverse range of organic and inorganic chemicals. Experimental procedures were conducted using an electrochemical reactor employing sacrificial electrodes—mild steel as both anode and cathode—in a unceasing process. Numerous working parameters such as current density and electrolysis duration were examined to achieve optimal reduction in presence of turbidity, total solids, COD, BOD, TDS, and Chromium content. Enhanced reductions in COD, BOD, TDS, and chromium content were observed at higher flow rates. The applied current density also notably impacted the reduction efficiency of COD, BOD, TDS, and chromium content. Investigation into the electro coagulation method employing short cell current (1A) and solvable mild steel electrodes revealed their efficacy compared to aluminium electrodes, particularly in chromium removal, achieving over 90% removal efficiency. However, the use of mild steel electrodes resulted in the formation of a black precipitate characteristic of iron (II) sulphides during the treatment, although effectively reducing effluent coloration. The removal efficiency of chloride, however, remained lower, at less than 12%. A comprehensive discussion on the mechanisms involved in the removal of COD, chromium, total dissolved salts, total solids, chloride and coloration using soluble mild steel electrodes was presented. The predominant role of the electrode was highlighted by treating tannery wastewater with mild steel electrodes, followed by filtration, resulting in removal rates of 68.0% for chemical oxygen demand, 43.1% for chromium, 55.1% for total dissolved salts and 84.3% for coloration, considering initial concentrations of 2850 mg/L, 230 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and a 256- fold dilution, respectively.
Antifungal activities of chitosan nanoparticles against Fusarium pseudensiforme on durian trees
Authors: Cuong Hoang Ngoc , Thi Kim Cuc Nguyen , Thi Tinh Le , Van Hoa Nguyen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Antifungal nano-biomaterials are gaining interest as an effective strategy for controlling fungal pathogens because of their nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high activity. The study aimed to present an antifungal agent, squid chitosan nanoparticles (SCNs), against the Fusarium pseudensiforme pathogen in durian trees. Besides, the in vitro antifungal activity of SCNs was compared to other agents, including neem oil and squid pen chitosan. All biomaterials showed a decrease in mycelial growth as their treated concentrations increased. However, at the same concentration of 250 ppm after 8 days of incubation at 28 °C, SCNs exhibited the highest in totally inhibiting the growth of Fusarium pseudensiforme, while the lesion diameters were 2.5 cm (neem oil) and 2.1 cm (chitosan). Besides, the lowest dried biomass was obtained after 8 days of incubation in broth culture at 250 ppm of the SCNs. The findings suggested that SCNs could be used as an effective alternative nano-biomaterial for controlling the Fusarium pseudensiforme pathogen in durian trees.
Formative Phase
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Byzantium retained many features of the late Roman empire, notably the infrastructure of a centralized, bureaucratically capable state (roads, money, law, and fiscal grip). Changes were enforced on the superstructure by defeat, loss of territory, and virtually unceasing warfare. Three phases of reform (much of it improvised initially) are distinguished: (1) fiscal adjustments to increase revenue from a reduced resource base, creation of a new military logistics system (640s); (2) forward deployment of field armies, creation of navy, and improvement to urban defences (643–85); (3) establishment of four regional military commands in Asia Minor, encompassing several civil provinces, and extension of a fortification programme (eighth century). Byzantium was preparing itself to fight a long guerrilla war of defence.
Social Order I
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is plenty of archaeological evidence for urban decline at the end of antiquity—in the shrinkage of sites and decline in building standards. City notables either left, seeking security elsewhere (within the beefed-up defences of a few regional centres or in Constantinople), or gradually lost wealth and status. Ostrogorsky’s thesis of a slow-moving social revolution in the country holds true: most inhabitants of villages (georgoi, a term previously used of tenants) had become independent proprietors by the end of the eighth century; the condition of tenants (now termed paroikoi) had improved dramatically by the early ninth century. Three explanations can be offered: (1) an increase in the power of labour relative to that of landowners, in an era of population decline; (2) landowners’ difficulty in retaining labour, because of distance and the loss of elite solidarity; (3) the arming of a significant proportion of the peasantry.
Social Order II
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Three zones are distinguished in Asia Minor: (1) coastlands, highly urbanized in late antiquity, (2) highland recruiting grounds, and (3) the interior plateau given over more and more to pastoralism in the seventh and eighth centuries. Stress is put on (1) the social cohesion of the village and the rise in status of the peasant, and (2) the emergence of the country house as the base of a new rural elite. The impact of government was significant: the tax system reached down to the individual household; army units were allocated to groups of villages for supplies and billeting; defended refuges were developed for the localities. The social order was transformed: urban notables were replaced by local officials, resident in shrunken cities; the peasant village rose to be regarded as the basic building block of the state; there was a break in aristocratic lineages and landownership.
Plant extinction in the Anthropocene
Authors: Christenhusz Maarten J M , Govaerts Rafaël 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Species go extinct each day, most without notice. The current human-induced extinction rate is up to 700 times higher than the background rate. Extinctions are not different for plants, animals, or fungi, although botanical and invertebrate extinctions are much more poorly documented than those of charismatic vertebrates. In a recent book on extinct plants (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2023), an overview of botanical extinctions since 1753 was presented, listing which species became extinct and the probable reason for their extinction. As most have a date when they were last documented, a timeline of extinction can also be compiled based on these data. This timeline shows an increase from 1890 to 1940, but a decline in new recorded extinctions after the 1980s, which is likely a result of taxonomic impediment. Extinction rates before 1800 are impacted by the lack of data (here named Berkeley extinction). It can be concluded that extinction is highest in biodiversity-rich areas with high human influence (extinction hotspots). Two new combinations and a new name are proposed here, showing the importance of taxonomy to conservation. Although anthropogenic plant extinction is a global phenomenon, areas of particular concern are the Hawaiian Islands, southern Africa, Australia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Brazil. Extinctions have been mainly caused by land clearing for agriculture and urbanization, invasive feral animals, mining, river dams, diseases, and poaching. We predict that the unusual weather patterns associated with rapid climate change may result in more plant extinctions. Reintroduction, even if a species persists in cultivation, is not always possible due to lack of suitable remaining habitat where threats are decreased or removed. Successful reintroduction cannot be guaranteed. It is costly and usually dependent on short-term funding, after which these efforts may be in vain. Protection of species in their natural habitat is much more cost-effective in the long term. Sometimes, rescued plants should be introduced in similar habitats outside their natural range where the threats are absent. This follows the programmes of assisted migration for climate change mitigation, but this can also be assisted introduction to prevent extinction. Protection of critically endangered species that have naturalized outside their native range should also be considered.
Achievement of Endoscopic Remission After Induction Reduces Hospitalization Burden in Crohn’s Disease: Findings From a Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Risankizumab and Upadacitinib Phase III Trials
Authors: Panaccione Remo , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul , Dignass Axel , Joshi Namita , Clark Ryan , Griffith Jenny , Kligys Kristina , Semwal Monika , Smith Zachary , Mitchell Dominic , Nunag Dominic , Ferrante Marc 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic remission has emerged as an important treatment target in Crohn’s disease (CD) and has been associated with improvement in long-term outcomes. We examined the relationship between achievement of endoscopic remission and hospitalizations using pooled data from 52-week Phase III maintenance trials of risankizumab and upadacitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe active CD.

Methods
Included patients received maintenance therapy after achieving a clinical response following a 12-week induction with risankizumab or upadacitinib. Endoscopic remission was defined as a Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) of no greater than 4, with at least a 2-point reduction vs induction baseline and no subscore greater than 1. All subsequent hospitalization events were recorded until completion of the maintenance trial or discontinuation. Exposure-adjusted negative binomial regression models were estimated to assess the relationship between post-induction endoscopic remission and long-term hospitalization, controlling for demographics, clinical variables, and treatment arm.

Results
Post-induction hospitalization rates were lower in patients who achieved endoscopic remission at the end of the induction period. In multivariable models, post-induction endoscopic remission was independently associated with incidence rate ratios of 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.95, p = 0.036) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.44-1.14, p = 0.156) for long-term disease-related and all-cause hospitalizations, respectively.

Conclusions
Week 12 endoscopic remission is independently associated with a reduction in 52-week disease-related hospitalizations. However, achieving this stringent endpoint within 12 weeks of therapy may be challenging. Endoscopic response may be a more realistic early endoscopic target in the post-induction timeframe. Additional research is needed to evaluate early achievement of alternative endoscopic endpoints in CD.