bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving recognition and referral of patients with an increased familial risk of colorectal cancer: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dekker N. , Hermens R. P. , de Wilt J. H. , van Zelst‐Stams W. A. , Hoogerbrugge N. ,   the RISCO study group
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimOnly 12–49% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their first‐degree relatives with an increased familial CRC risk are referred for cancer prevention measures (surveillance colonoscopies or genetic counselling). The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a novel strategy to improve the uptake of genetic counselling for high risk individuals and surveillance colonoscopy for moderate risk groups.MethodEighteen hospitals participated in a clustered randomized controlled trial. Patients in nine hospitals received usual care (group A). Nine other hospitals received the novel strategy (group B) including access to a website for patients and clinicians, patient‐targeted brochures and clinician‐targeted education and pocket referral cards. Data before and after dissemination of the strategy were collected from questionnaires and medical records.ResultsData were complete for 358 (44%) of 820 CRC patients and 50 (36%) of 137 clinicians before dissemination of the strategy and 392/862 patients (45%) and 47/137 clinicians (34%) after. Referral for cancer prevention measures was assessed at a median of 8 (2–12) months after CRC diagnosis in groups A and B before the dissemination of the strategy and in group A after. In group B referral was assessed at a median of 9 (4–11) months after the dissemination of the strategy. Uptake of genetic counselling by high risk patients was equal in groups A and B, being 33% before and 15% after (P = 0.003). Uptake of surveillance colonoscopy by moderate risk relatives did not change significantly (group A, 36% before vs 41% after; group B, 33% before vs 19% after). In group B 94/140 patients (67%) and 25/72 clinicians (35%) visited the website and 34/140 (24%) patients read the brochure. Patients valued clinicians' information as most useful, followed by the patient brochure. Clinicians preferred pocket cards and education.ConclusionOur strategy did not improve referral for cancer prevention measures. Although the newly offered strategy elements were appreciated, patients preferred clinicians' advice regarding referral for cancer prevention measures. It may be useful to aim future interventions at healthcare professionals rather than patients to improve the prevention of familial cancer.
Anarchist Participatory Development: A Possible New Framework?
Authors: Wald Navé 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines the ongoing critiques and debates around the ‘participatory turn’ in development theory and practice and suggests anarchism as a practice‐oriented theoretical framework for engaging with what participatory development ought to achieve. Explicit links are constructed between key terms in these development debates and anarchist political philosophy, and a call is made for greater attention to anarchism as a theoretical framework for radical and transformative development practice. This article then analyses empirical experiences of ‘anarchistic partnerships’ between development experts and grassroots peasant‐indigenous organizations in north‐west Argentina, who, although not self‐identifying as anarchist, adhere to ideals such as horizontal prefigurative politics and radical democracy that are effectively anarchist in their orientation. These experiences challenge the NGO–social movement divide and offer a virtually unexplored form of radical development practice that is worthy of further academic attention. Thus, while this article is concerned with familiar debates in development studies, it offers some preliminary directions for advancing theoretical and practical knowledge regarding transformative participation.
OWN‐NATIONALITY BIAS: EVIDENCE FROM UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE FOOTBALL REFEREES
Authors: Pope Bryson R. , Pope Nolan G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe examine the existence and magnitude of own‐nationality bias. Using player‐match level data from 12 seasons of the UEFA Champions League (UCL) and referee assignment policies that pair players and referees from the same country, we determine the bias that referees exhibit toward players from their native country. Players officiated by a referee from the same country receive a 10% increase in beneficial foul calls. Referees' own‐nationality bias is more pronounced for national team players, players at home, and in later stages of the tournament. Elite referees exhibit as much, or more, own‐nationality bias as their less experienced counterparts. (JEL L83, J15)
Role of large‐ and fine‐scale variables in predicting catch rates of larval Pacific lamprey in the Willamette Basin, Oregon
Authors: Schultz Luke D. , Mayfield Mariah P. , Sheoships Gabe T. , Wyss Lance A. , Clemens Benjamin J. , Whitlock Steven L. , Schreck Carl B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an anadromous fish native to the Pacific Northwest of the USA. That has declined substantially over the last 40 years. Effective conservation of this species will require an understanding of the habitat requirements for each life history stage. Because its life cycle contains extended freshwater rearing (3–8 years), the larval stage may be a critical factor limiting abundance of Pacific lamprey. The objective of our study was to estimate the influence of barriers and habitat characteristics on the catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) of larval Pacific lamprey in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, USA. We sampled lampreys at multiple locations in wadeable streams throughout the basin in 2011–13 and used an information theoretic approach to examine the relative influence of fine‐ and large‐scale predictors of CPUE. Pacific lamprey was observed across the basin, but its relative abundance appeared to be limited by the presence of natural and artificial barriers in some sub‐basins. Lower velocity habitats such as off‐channel areas and pools contained higher densities of larval lamprey; mean Pacific lamprey CPUE in off‐channel habitats was 4 and 32 times greater than in pools and riffles respectively. Restoration and conservation strategies that improve fish passage, enhance natural hydrologic and depositional processes and increase habitat heterogeneity will likely benefit larval Pacific lamprey.
Fatigue strength of severely notched specimens made of Ti–6Al–4V under multiaxial loading
Authors: Berto F. , Campagnolo A. , Lazzarin P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe present paper deals with multiaxial fatigue behaviour of severely notched components made of titanium grade 5 alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). The experimental tests have been carried out under combined Mode I and Mode III loadings, both in phase and out of phase. Cylindrical specimens weakened by circumferential notches have been employed. Different nominal load ratios have been applied in the tests (R = −1, 0 and 0.5). The specimens had a notch‐tip radius smaller than 0.1 mm, a notch depth equal to 6 mm and an opening angle of 90°. The results obtained by multiaxial fatigue testing are depicted in comparison with data from pure modes of loading on smooth and notched samples, characterized by a load ratio in the range −3 ≤ R ≤ 0.5. A large bulk of new fatigue data (more than 160) is summarized in the manuscript. The data are first plotted in terms of the nominal stress amplitudes, and then they are reanalysed by means of the local energy measured in the control volumes surrounding the notch tip. The dependence of the size of the control radius as a function of the loading mode is analysed. A very different behaviour is found for tension and torsion, corresponding to a different notch sensitivity.
Effectiveness of a large reserve network in protecting freshwater biodiversity: a test for the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Hermoso Virgilio , Filipe Ana Filipa , Segurado Pedro , Beja Pedro 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Although coverage by protected areas is increasing worldwide, their capacity to protect freshwater biodiversity is uncertain. This may be the case of the European Natura 2000, the world's largest reserve network, given its primary focus on terrestrial biodiversity. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the effectiveness of Natura 2000 in protecting freshwater biodiversity and associated key ecological processes in the Iberian Peninsula, where more than 25% of land is under some kind of protection.

We compiled distributional data on 91 species of freshwater fish, amphibians and aquatic reptiles, at the subcatchment scale (c. 20 km2 resolution), for the whole Iberian Peninsula, and assessed the proportion of their ranges covered by Natura 2000. We also explored the coverage of the main environmental gradients, and the capacity of Natura 2000 to offer protection against human impacts. To do so, we evaluated land‐use intensity and the human footprint within and upstream of protected areas, both of which might compromise the protection of biodiversity. Finally, we also analysed the incidence of reservoirs within and downstream of protected areas.

Natura 2000 broadly covers the main environmental gradients in the Iberian Peninsula, but fails to provide sufficient coverage of freshwater biodiversity, with <20% of the range of species covered on average. This would be insufficient to achieve a modest conservation target of 25% of the range for more than 80% of species, including most of species specifically listed in the legislation. Moreover, although the network tends to comprise areas with the least human impact, it seems to be vulnerable to the propagation of upstream effects (intensive land use downstream) and the loss of downstream connectivity (reservoirs).

Large reserve networks, primarily designed to protect terrestrial biodiversity, may not offer adequate protection for freshwater biodiversity. We recommend revisiting the design of Natura 2000 to improve the representation of freshwater biodiversity and enhance its capacity to address threats and particular ecological needs, such as for migration. Given the high pressure on land and the poor condition of the remaining unprotected habitat, conservation efforts must minimise the conflict of interest and management costs.
Theorising the Thaw: Geopolitics in a Changing Arctic
Authors: Bruun Johanne M. , Medby Ingrid A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs the effects of climate change are becoming more and more pronounced, the Arctic region is attracting renewed attention from politicians, transnational corporations, and environmentalists alike, many of whom are based geographically far from the region itself. Interests span from the prospects of vast oil and mineral riches and shorter international shipping routes, to preserving what is often framed as a fragile, pristine environment. As a resource frontier and a wilderness, but also a homeland and a space of culture to its inhabitants, the Arctic is characterised by potentially conflicting geographical imaginaries and visions of both the present as well as the future of the region. Hence, the political geographies of the Arctic are both messy and complex. This paper examines some of the principal themes and issues of Arctic geopolitics and offers a discussion of how scholars of Political Geography have engaged the topic at a time when an increasing number of academics are directing their analytical gaze towards the North. Focusing on publications from the past decade, it aims to contextualise scholarly debates on Arctic geopolitics and illustrate the complexity and richness of the topic.
Does sharing the electronic health record in the consultation enhance patient involvement? A mixed‐methods study using multichannel video recording and in‐depth interviews in primary care
Authors: Milne Heather , Huby Guro , Buckingham Susan , Hayward James , Sheikh Aziz , Cresswell Kathrin , Pinnock Hilary 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundSharing the electronic health‐care record (EHR) during consultations has the potential to facilitate patient involvement in their health care, but research about this practice is limited.MethodsWe used multichannel video recordings to identify examples and examine the practice of screen‐sharing within 114 primary care consultations. A subset of 16 consultations was viewed by the general practitioner and/or patient in 26 reflexive interviews. Screen‐sharing emerged as a significant theme and was explored further in seven additional patient interviews. Final analysis involved refining themes from interviews and observation of videos to understand how screen‐sharing occurred, and its significance to patients and professionals.ResultsEighteen (16%) of 114 videoed consultations involved instances of screen‐sharing. Screen‐sharing occurred in six of the subset of 16 consultations with interviews and was a significant theme in 19 of 26 interviews. The screen was shared in three ways: ‘convincing’ the patient of a diagnosis or treatment; ‘translating’ between medical and lay understandings of disease/medication; and by patients ‘verifying’ the accuracy of the EHR. However, patients and most GPs perceived the screen as the doctor's domain, not to be routinely viewed by the patient.ConclusionsScreen‐sharing can facilitate patient involvement in the consultation, depending on the way in which sharing comes about, but the perception that the record belongs to the doctor is a barrier. To exploit the potential of sharing the screen to promote patient involvement, there is a need to reconceptualise and redesign the EHR.
‘And then you can decide’ – antenatal foetal diagnosis decision making inSouthAfrica
Authors: Wessels Tina‐Marié , Koole Tom , Penn Claire 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundDecision making is integral to genetic counselling and the premise is that autonomous decisions emerge if patients are provided with information in a non‐directive manner. The pivotal activity in antenatal diagnosis counselling with at‐risk pregnant women is decision making regarding invasive procedures. This process is not well understood in multicultural settings.ObjectiveThis study examined multicultural genetic counselling interactions with women of advanced maternal age (AMA). It aimed to investigate the participants' orientation towards the amniocentesis decision.DesignData were collected during 14 video‐recorded consultations between six genetic counsellors and 14 women of AMA in a genetic counselling clinic in South Africa. The design was qualitative and conversation analysis was used for analysis.ResultsAnalysis revealed that counsellors used several strategies to facilitate discussions and decision making. However, the invitation to make a decision regarding amniocentesis was not perceived as being neutral. Both the counsellors and the women appeared to treat the offer as one which should be accepted. This resulted in a paradox, as strategies intended to allow neutral discussion seem to achieve the opposite. It is suggested that these results may be linked to the local health‐care setting.ConclusionThe results suggest that the understanding of decision‐making processes and enhancing autonomy may require a more detailed investigation into psychosocial, political and historical factors in the local health‐care setting. Models of practice as well as the training of genetic counsellors need to be sensitive to these influences. A closer examination of interactional variables may yield new and relevant insights for the profession.
Consumer sexual relationships in a Forensic mental health hospital: Perceptions of nurses and consumers
Authors: Quinn Chris , Happell Brenda 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe management of consumer‐related risk is paramount in a secure forensic mental health facility. However, the consequent risk aversion presents a major barrier to consumers forming sexual relationships in a manner that is open and accepted. Investigation of the views of nurses working in forensic mental health settings on this topic is limited, and even more so for consumers of services. This qualitative exploratory study was undertaken to elicit the views of consumers and nurses about forming sexual relationships within this long‐term and secure setting. Individual in‐depth interviews were conducted with 12 nurses and 10 consumers. The benefits of, and barriers to, sexual relationships was identified as a major theme, and these findings are the focus of this paper. Nurse responses included the subthemes ‘supportive factors’ and ‘potential dangers’, reflecting their qualified support. Consumer responses included the subthemes ‘therapeutic’, ‘feeling normal’, ‘restrictions and barriers’, and ‘lack of support and secrecy’. The importance of sexual relationships was clearly articulated, as was the difficulties in forming and maintaining them within the forensic setting. More open discussion about this commonly‐avoided issue and the education of nurses and other health professionals is required.
Short‐Term Outcome of Multiple Port Laparoscopic Splenectomy in 10 Dogs
Authors: Shaver Stephanie L. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Steffey Michele A. , Hunt Geraldine B. , Mayhew Kelli N. , Culp William T. N. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo describe surgical techniques for multiple port laparoscopic splenectomy (MLS) in dogs and report short‐term outcome.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 10) with naturally occurring splenic disease.MethodsMedical records (March 2012–March 2013) of dogs that had MLS were reviewed. Data retrieved included signalment, weight, clinical signs, physical examination findings, preoperative laboratory and ultrasonographic findings, port number, size, and location, patient positioning, additional procedures performed, surgical duration, histopathologic diagnosis, duration of hospitalization, and perioperative complications.ResultsTen dogs (median weight, 28.7 kg; range, 20.2–46.0 kg) had MLS using a 3 or 4 port technique and a vessel‐sealing device for tissue dissection along the splenic hilus. Dog positioning varied because of additional laparoscopic or laparoscopic‐assisted procedures including adrenalectomy (n = 2), ovariectomy (1), gastropexy (1), and intestinal resection and anastomosis (1). Conversion to an open approach was necessary in 1 dog because of inadequate visibility caused by omental adhesions. One dog had hemorrhage from an omental vessel, but open conversion was not required.ConclusionsMLS was associated with little perioperative morbidity and few complications in this cohort of dogs and may be a reasonable option for surgical management of dogs requiring elective splenectomy.
Characteristics of Transparent Conducting W‐Doped SnO2 Thin Films Prepared by Using the Magnetron Sputtering Method
Authors: Yu Shihui , Li Lingxia , Sun Zheng , Zheng Haoran , Dong Helei , Xu Dan , Zhang Weifeng 
Published: December 2014

Tungsten‐doped SnO2 (WTO) thin films with a given thickness of about 300 nm have been prepared by magnetron sputtering with a substrate temperature in the range 400°C–700°C. The effects of substrate temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties and of WTO thin films have been investigated. A texture transition from (1 1 0) to (2 1 1) crystallographic orientations has experimentally been found by X‐ray diffraction measurements as substrate temperature is raised. It was found that all thin films showed smooth surface with no cracks and high transparency (>85%) with the optical band gap ranging from 4.22 to 4.32 eV. The mobility varied from 12.89 to 22.48 cm2·(V·s)−1 without reducing the achieved high carrier concentration of about 1.6 × 1020 cm−3. Such an increase in mobility is shown to be clearly associated with the development of (2 0 0) but concurrent degradation of (1 1 0) in WTO thin films.
Nutritional care after critical illness: a qualitative study of patients’ experiences
Authors: Merriweather J. L. , Salisbury L. G. , Walsh T. S. , Smith P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe present qualitative study aimed to explore the factors influencing nutritional recovery in patients after critical illness and to develop a model of care to improve current management of nutrition for this patient group.MethodsPatients were recruited into the study on discharge from a general intensive care unit (ICU) of a large teaching hospital in central Scotland. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out after discharge from the ICU, weekly for the duration of their ward stay, and at 3 months post ICU discharge. Observations of ward practice were undertaken thrice weekly for the duration of the ward stay.ResultsSeventeen patients were recruited into the study and, using a grounded theory approach, ‘inter‐related system breakdowns during the nutritional recovery process’ emerged as the overarching core category that influenced patients’ experiences of eating after critical illness. This encompassed the categories, ‘experiencing a dysfunctional body’, ‘experiencing socio‐cultural changes in relation to eating’ and ‘encountering nutritional care delivery failures’.ConclusionsThe findings from the present study provide a unique contribution to knowledge by offering important insights into patients’ experiences of eating after critical illness. The study has identified numerous nutritional problems and raises questions about the efficacy of current nutritional management in this patient group. Adopting a more individualised approach to nutritional care could ameliorate the nutritional issues experienced by post ICU patients. This will be evaluated in future work.
Exploring associations between anthropometric indices and graft function in patients receiving renal transplant
Authors: Tsirigoti L. , Kontogianni M. D. , Darema M. , Iatridi V. , Altanis N. , Poulia K. A. , Zavos G. , Boletis J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to identify indicators of malnutrition, as obtained by anthropometric measurements, that might be potential predictors of transplant outcomes.MethodsOne hundred and three patients receiving a graft from a living or a deceased donor were included in this prospective study. Body mass index (BMI) based on pretransplant dry body weight, triceps skinfold, mid‐arm muscle circumference and corrected mid‐arm muscle area were measured. Post‐transplant data on delayed graft function (DGF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at discharge were collected until patient discharge.ResultsDelayed graft function developed in 36.9% of the patients. BMI was the only anthropometric variable associated with a higher likelihood of DGF (odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.47) after adjusting for age, gender, donor group, donor age and years of dialysis before transplantation. Obesity was associated with a higher frequency of DGF (83.3% versus 31.1%, P = 0.001) compared to normal weight. GFR at discharge was negatively associated with BMI [β = −0.014 (0.005), P = 0.004], being overweight [β = −0.151 (0.041), P < 0.001] and obesity [β = −0.188 (0.053), P = 0.001], after adjusting for age, gender, donor group, donor age and years of dialysis, but was not associated with indices of muscle reserves.ConclusionsThe likelihood of DGF was higher among obese patients, whereas GFR at discharge was negatively associated with being overweight and obesity.