bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early inflammatory response after flexor tendon healing: A gene expression and histological analysis
Authors: Manning Cionne N. , Havlioglu Necat , Knutsen Elisa , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly E. , Silva Matthew J. , Thomopoulos Stavros , Gelberman Richard H. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDespite advances in surgical techniques over the past three decades, tendon repairs remain prone to poor clinical outcomes. Previous attempts to improve tendon healing have focused on the later stages of healing (i.e., proliferation and matrix synthesis). The early inflammatory phase of tendon healing, however, is not fully understood and its modulation during healing has not yet been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to characterize the early inflammatory phase of flexor tendon healing with the goal of identifying inflammation‐related targets for future treatments. Canine flexor tendons were transected and repaired using techniques identical to those used clinically. The inflammatory response was monitored for 9 days. Temporal changes in immune cell populations and gene expression of inflammation‐, matrix degradation‐, and extracellular matrix‐related factors were examined. Gene expression patterns paralleled changes in repair‐site cell populations. Of the observed changes, the most dramatic effect was a greater than 4,000‐fold up‐regulation in the expression of the pro‐inflammatory factor IL‐1β. While an inflammatory response is likely necessary for healing to occur, high levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines may result in collateral tissue damage and impaired tendon healing. These findings suggest that future tendon treatment approaches consider modulation of the inflammatory phase of healing. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:645–652, 2014.
Effects of ZnO nanoparticles and microwave heating on the sterilization and product quality of vacuum‐packaged Caixin
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhang Min , Fang Zhong‐xiang , Rong Xiao‐hong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sterilization of vacuum‐packaged Caixin (Brassica chinensis L.), which is a green‐leafy vegetable and also a low‐acid food, remains a difficult problem. In this study, effects of ZnO nanoparticles and microwave heating on the sterilization and product quality of vacuum‐packaged Caixin were investigated.RESULTSAddition of ZnO nanoparticle suspension at 0.01–0.02 g kg−1 reduced the number of bacterial colonies. The antibacterial activity was enhanced with the increased amount of ZnO nanoparticles. Microwave heating (915 and 2450 MHz) was used to sterilize Caixin samples. Samples had good product quality (better greenness, chroma and hue angle values, lower browning index and acceptable texture) and the lowest total colony number under the microwave heating condition of 400 W 150 s (2450 MHz).CONCLUSIONThe best sterilization condition was observed under 2450 MHz microwave (400 W 150 s) heating combined with 0.02 g kg−1 ZnO nanoparticle addition, which led to a total colony number of <1 log CFU g−1 in Caixin samples within 7 days. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxa‐ and Thiazolidine‐Containing Polymers Derived via the Asinger Four‐Component Reaction: the Ring Matters
Authors: Sehlinger Ansgar , Stalling Timo , Martens Jürgen , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: January 2014

Novel structural motifs in macromolecular chemistry are introduced by the use of the Asinger multicomponent reaction. The combination of ammonia, acetone, α‐chloroisobutyraldehyde, and either water or sodium hydrosulfide, leads to an oxazoline or thiazoline scaffold, respectively, which is subsequently modified with 10‐undecenol and 10‐undecenoyl chloride to obtain heterocycle‐functionalized α,ω‐dienes. These substrates are used as monomers in an acylic diene metathesis (ADMET) or thiol‐ene step‐growth polymerization. The thus‐obtained polymers are studied in post‐polymerization modifications, like hydrogenation and oxidation. Here, the thiazolidine‐ and oxazolidine‐containing polymers show dramatically different chemical stability due to the heterocyclic moieties.
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Investigating the stability of mcDESPOT myelin water fraction values derived using a stochastic region contraction approach
Authors: Deoni Sean C.L. , Kolind Shannon H. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeMulticomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) is an alternative to established multiecho T2‐based approaches for quantifying myelin water fraction, affording increased volumetric coverage and spatial resolution. A concern with mcDESPOT, however, is the large number of model parameters that must be estimated, which may lead to nonunique solutions and sensitivity to fitting constraints. Here we explore mcDESPOT performance under different experimental conditions to better understand the method's sensitivity and reliability.MethodsTo obtain parameter estimates, mcDESPOT uses a stochastic region contraction (SRC) approach to iteratively contract a predefined solution search‐space around a global optimum. The sensitivity of mcDESPOT estimates to SRC boundary conditions, and tissue parameters, was examined using numerical phantoms and acquired in vivo human data.ResultsThe SRC approach is described and shown to return robust myelin water estimates in both numerical phantoms and in vivo data under a range of experimental conditions. However, care must be taken in choosing the initial SRC boundary conditions, ensuring they are broad enough to encompass the “true” solution.ConclusionResults suggest that under the range of conditions examined, mcDESPOT can provide stabile and precise values. Magn Reson Med 73:161–169, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of decreased heparin dose for flush‐lock of implanted venous access ports in pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Rosenbluth Glenn , Tsang Lisa , Vittinghoff Eric , Wilson Stephen , Wilson‐Ganz Julie , Auerbach Andrew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundFaced with a lack of evidence, institutions often develop local protocols for use of heparin to flush‐lock venous access ports. Our objective was to evaluate catheter‐related complications in patients after introduction of a lower‐concentration heparin flush protocol.ProcedurePatients with implanted vascular access devices followed by a Pediatric Oncology service were exposed to a practice change in which heparin dose for flush‐lock was decreased from 5 ml of 100 units/ml to 5 ml of 10 units/ml. Outcome measures included port malfunctions leading to use of intra‐port tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and positive blood cultures.ResultsRates of tPA usage were statistically similar before and after the practice change (0.82 compared to 0.59 per 100 line days absolute change −0.23, 95% CI −0.66, 0.20). Positive blood culture rates were also statistically similar before and after the practice change.ConclusionsChildren with implanted ports had similar complication rates and care safety measures whether their ports were flushed with 10 units/ml of heparin or 100 units/ml. Standardizing flush‐locks to lower doses of heparin may be a promising approach to maintaining port patency without compromising patient safety. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:855–858. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative effectiveness of monotherapy with mood stabilizers versus second generation (atypical) antipsychotics for the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Chen Hua , Mehta Sonam , Aparasu Rajender , Patel Ayush , Ochoa‐Perez Melissa 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study compared the effectiveness and safety of second generation (atypical) antipsychotic (SGA) versus traditional mood stabilizers (MS) in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.MethodsThe study was a retrospective cohort study on 5 years (2003–2007) of Medicaid claims data from four geographically diversified states. Children and adolescents aged 6–18 years who initiated a new treatment episode for bipolar disorder on either an SGA or an MS were followed for 12 months to compare the effectiveness and safety between the two therapeutic categories for pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). The outcome measures were psychiatric hospital admission, all cause medication discontinuation and treatment augmentation. Potential selection bias caused by unobserved confounding was addressed with instrumental variable methods, using physician prescribing preference and year of cohort entry as the instruments. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of findings against the uncertainties on PBD diagnosis.ResultsOf the 7423 bipolar children and adolescents identified, 66.60% started treatment on SGA, whereas 33.40% initiated on MS. Patients who initiated on MS and SGA had comparable risk of psychiatric hospital admission (HR = 1.172, 95%CI: 0.827–1.660). However, as compared with those who initiated on MS, patients who initiated on SGA were less likely to discontinue the treatment (HR = 0.634, 95%CI: 0.419–0.961) and less likely to receive treatment augmentation (HR = 0.223, 95%CI: 0.103–0.484).ConclusionAs compared with MS monotherapy, SGA monotherapy could be a more effective and safer treatment option for PBD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic screening for distress in oncology practice using the Distress Barometer: the impact on referrals to psychosocial care
Authors: Bauwens Sabien , Baillon Catherine , Distelmans Willem , Theuns Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluates how patterns of psychosocial referral of patients with elevated distress differ in a ‘systematic screening for distress’ condition versus a ‘usual practice’ condition in ambulatory oncology practice.MethodsThe psychosocial referral process in a 2‐week usual practice (N = 278) condition was compared with a 2‐week ‘using the Distress Barometer as a screening instrument’ (N = 304) condition in an outpatient clinic with seven consulting oncologists.ResultsOut of all distressed patients in the usual practice condition, only 5.5% of patients detected with distress were actually referred to psychosocial counselling, compared with 69.1% of patients detected with distress in the condition with systematic screening using the Distress Barometer. Only 3.7% of patients detected with distress in the usual practice condition finally accepted this referral, compared with 27.6% of patients detected with distress in the screening condition.ConclusionsUsing the Distress Barometer as a self‐report screening instrument prior to oncological consultation optimises detection of elevated distress in patients, and this results in a higher number of performed and accepted referrals, but cannot by itself guarantee actual psychosocial referral or acceptance of referral. There is not only a problem of poor detection of distress in cancer patients but also a need for better decision‐making and communication between oncologists and patients about this issue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical class rotations for control of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on poinsettia and their effect on cryptic species population composition
Authors: McKenzie Cindy L , Kumar Vivek , Palmer Cristi L , Oetting Ronald D , Osborne Lance S 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBemisia tabaci, a polyphagous insect with over 900 host plants, is an effective vector of more than 100 plant viruses. Being highly fecund, B. tabaci has the potential to develop insecticide resistance rapidly, as demonstrated by reports of use failures with MEAM1 and MED cryptic species (commonly known as biotypes B and Q respectively). Insecticide resistance management is a key component of pest management practices. The research herein studied season‐long rotational management programs on poinsettia and their impact on the ratio of MEAM1:MED cryptic species in the surviving treated populations.RESULTSIn all four experiments, only three of the treatments completely eliminated the adult or immature whiteflies, but all significantly reduced the populations. Out of 18 active ingredients tested, dinotefuran (applied as a soil drench) was the most efficacious against both MEAM1 and MED cryptic species compared with the other chemical or biorational insecticides evaluated. Reduced susceptibility of MED was reported against a variety of treatment regimes.CONCLUSIONRotations can be used to manage MEAM1 and MED cryptic species and maintain a very low population level or completely eliminate Bemisia on poinsettia. It is imperative to continue to emphasize the importance of rotating among different modes of action in pest management programs in order to retain effective chemistries for as long as possible in the market place. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation mechanisms of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus coat protein following inoculation of tomato plants by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Gorovits Rena , Moshe Adi , Ghanim Murad , Czosnek Henryk 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a begomovirus infecting tomato cultures worldwide. TYLCV is transmitted to plants by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Once in the plant, the virus is subjected to attack by the host‐plant defences, which may include sequestration in aggregates, proteolysis, ubiquitination, 26S proteasome degradation and autophagy. Elucidating how the virus avoids destruction will make it possible to understand infection and possibly devise countermeasures.RESULTSThe accumulation of viral coat protein (CP) and of viral DNA in plants is a marker of a successful virus transmission by B. tabaci. In response to infection, tomato tissues display multiple ways of degrading TYLCV proteins and DNA. In this study it is shown that CP (in soluble and insoluble states) is the target of protease digestion, 26S proteasome degradation and autophagy. The highest degradation capacity was detected among soluble proteins and proteins in large aggregates/inclusion bodies; cytoplasmic extracts displayed higher activity than nuclear fractions. The very same fractions possessed the highest capacity to degrade viral genomic DNA. Separately, 26S proteasome degradation was associated with large aggregates (more pronounced in the nuclear than in the cytoplasmic fractions), which are indicators of a successful abduction of plants by viruses. Autophagy/lysosome/vacuole degradation was a characteristic of intermediate aggregates, sequestering the CP in the cytoplasm and retarding the development of large aggregates. Chloroplast proteases were active in soluble as well as in insoluble protein extracts.CONCLUSIONSTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first attempt to identify elements of the virus‐targeted degradation machinery, which is a part of the plant response to virus invasion. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Adaptation to nicotine in the facultative tobacco‐feeding hemipteran Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Kliot Adi , Kontsedalov Svetlana , Ramsey John S , Jander Georg , Ghanim Murad 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant defensive metabolites such as nicotine can provide barriers to host‐range expansion by generalist herbivores. Nicotine is one of the most abundant and toxic plant secondary metabolites in nature and is defined by high toxicity to plant‐feeding insects. There is significant variation in nicotine tolerance among Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) isolates. Some nicotine‐tolerant B. tabaci strains can consume 40‐fold higher nicotine levels than susceptible strains, and also show cross‐resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. In this study, biological and molecular assays were used to investigate the responses of B. tabaci strains that differ in their ability to tolerate dietary nicotine.RESULTSEgg laying and honeydew secretion bioassays as well as gene expression microarrays were used to measure B. tabaci biological parameters and gene transcripts misregulated in response to nicotine in resistant and susceptible strains. The resistant B. tabaci strain laid significantly fewer eggs and excreted more honeydew on a tobacco strain with high levels of nicotine, suggesting a fitness cost effect. The molecular response was drastic in the susceptible strain, while the resistant strain exhibited moderate response. Higher expression of the previously identified CYP6CM1 P450 monooxygenase gene related to the resistance to neonicotinoids, as well as other P450s and metabolic genes, was identified in the resistant and susceptible strains after exposure to nicotine.CONCLUSIONSNicotine is a very toxic plant natural compound, and its mode of action resembles that of synthetic neonicotinoids. The biological and molecular responses observed in this study suggest that nicotine may play an important role in providing barriers for host‐plant expansion by generalists, and may act as a natural factor that contributes to the development of insect populations resistant to synthetic pesticides. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Variable concentration of soil‐applied insecticides in potato over time: implications for management of Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Huseth Anders S , Lindholm Joliene , Groves Carol L , Groves Russell L 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelect populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, in Wisconsin have recently become resistant to soil‐applied neonicotinoids in potato. Sublethal insecticide concentrations persisting in foliage through the growing season may select for resistance over successive years of use. Over the 2 years of this study, the aim was to document the in‐plant insecticide concentrations over time that result from four different types of soil‐applied insecticide delivery for thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in potato, and to measure the impact upon L. decemlineata populations following treatments. After plant emergence, insect life stages were counted and plant tissue was assayed weekly for nine consecutive weeks using ELISA.RESULTSPeak concentration of both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam occurred in the first sample week following plant emergence. The average concentration of both insecticides dissipated sharply over time as the plant canopy expanded 50 days after planting in all delivery treatments. Both insecticides were detected at low levels during the later weeks of the study. Among‐plant concentrations of both neonicotinoids were highly variable throughout the season. Populations of L. decemlineata continued to develop and reproduce throughout the period of declining insecticide concentrations.CONCLUSIONSublethal, chronic exposure to soil‐applied systemic insecticides resulting from these delivery methods may accelerate selection for resistant insects in potato. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Short period polar and nonpolar m InN/n GaN superlattices
Authors: Gorczyca I. , Suski T. , Staszczak G. , Wang X. Q. , Christensen N. E. , Svane A. , Dimakis E. , Moustakas T. D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe electronic structures of nonpolar short‐period InN/GaN superlattices grown in the wurtzite a ‐direction, have been calculated and compared to earlier calculations for polar superlattices (grown in the c‐direction). For the nonpolar superlattices it is found that the calculated band gaps and their pressure coefficients are quite similar to those of bulk InGaN alloys with an equivalent In/Ga composition ratio. Also, they are much closer than the values calculated for polar superlattices to the photolu‐minescence emission energies and their pressure coefficients measured on polar structures. Possible explanations of the observed phenomena are suggested and discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial rare earth oxide and nitride buffers for GaN growth on Si
Authors: Dargis Rytis , Smith Robin , Arkun F. Erdem , Clark Andrew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe erbium oxide and nitride layers were grown as a buffer for GaN on Si(111). Engineering of the nucleation layer on the oxide plays a crucial role in the quality of the GaN layer. The intermediate erbium nitride layer with lattice constant between that of GaN and Si additionally reduces the semiconductor layer lattice mismatch to the substrate and prevents direct bonding of gallium atoms with the oxygen of the rare‐earth oxide. The crystal structure and surface morphology of epitaxial single crystal gallium nitride layer grown on the buffer improves with the semiconductor layer thickness. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of nano‐column properties on self‐separation of thick GaN layers grown by HVPE
Authors: Nikolaev V. , Golovatenko A. , Mynbaeva M. , Nikitina I. , Seredova N. , Pechnikov A. , Bougrov V. , Odnobludov M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe implementation of control over self‐separation of thick GaN flayers grown by Hydride Vapor‐Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) on Metal‐Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD)‐grown templates with patterned nano‐column interlayer is reported. Both numerical simulation and experimental data show that separation of thick HVPE layers is provided by non‐uniform redistribution of the growth stress. It is shown that the geometrical parameters of the nano‐column structure such as fill factor and shape of the columns are most critical for self‐separation effect. By adjusting the nano‐column pattern, successful self‐separation of thick HVPE layers from 2‐inch structured MOCVD GaN/sapphire substrate was demonstrated. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Seismic convolutions in the Quaternary deposits of Lake Sevan, Armenia
Authors: Korzhenkov A.M. , Avanesian M.A. , Karakhanian A.S. , Virgino A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study is to detect deformations in the soft sediments in a tectonically active area (the Armenian Highland) and to examine the significance of the deformations as paleoseismicity indicators. Deformations in the form of pillows, pockets, sharp waves, and ovoids are exposed in the Sevan basin, within interbedded shallow lacustrine, beach, and fluvial sediments. Also, broken beds and low-amplitude thrusts are observed. Eight field criteria for assigning soft-sediment deformations to paleoseismic triggering provide strong evidence for the seismic origin of the deformations. According to the local relative stratigraphic scale, the Sevan seismites are of Pleistocene–Holocene age.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of suprasubduction volcanic complexes of the Char shear zone, eastern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kurganskaya E.V. , Safonova I.Yu. , Simonov V.A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper presents new petrographic, geochemical, and petrologic data from volcanic rocks of suprasubduction origin of the Char shear zone in eastern Kazakhstan. We discuss bulk rock composition (concentrations of major and trace elements), types of mantle sources and parameters of their melting, conditions of crystallization of mafic magma, and geodynamic settings of basalt eruption. According to the major element composition, the volcanic rocks are basalt, andesibasalt, and andesite of tholeiitic and transitional, from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, series. They are characterized by low TiO2 (0.85 wt.% on average) and crystallization trends in MgO–major elements plots. In terms of trace element composition, the volcanic rocks possess moderately LREE-enriched rare-earth element patterns and are characterized by negative Nb anomalies present on the multi-element spectra (Nb/Lapm = 0.14–0.47; Nb/Thpm = 0.7–1.6). The distribution of rare-earth elements (La/Smn = 0.8–2.3, Gd/Ybn = 0.7–1.9) and the results of geochemical modeling in the Nb–Yb system suggest high degrees of melting of a depleted mantle source at spinel facies depths. Fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and opaque minerals also affected the final composition of the volcanic rocks. Clinopyroxene monomineral thermometry calculations suggest that the melts crystallized within a range of 1020–1180 °C. We think that this volcanic complex formed at a western active margin of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.