bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care access and health care workforce for immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector in the southeastern US
Authors: Frank Arthur L. , Liebman Amy K. , Ryder Bobbi , Weir Maria , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (AgFF) Sector workforce in the US is comprised primarily of Latino immigrants. Health care access for these workers is limited and increases health disparities.MethodsThis article addresses health care access for immigrant workers in the AgFF Sector, and the workforce providing care to these workers.ContentsImmigrant workers bear a disproportionate burden of poverty and ill health and additionally face significant occupational hazards. AgFF laborers largely are uninsured, ineligible for benefits, and unable to afford health services. The new Affordable Care Act will likely not benefit such individuals. Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHCs) are the frontline of health care access for immigrant AgFF workers. C/MHCs offer discounted health services that are tailored to meet the special needs of their underserved clientele. C/MHCs struggle, however, with a shortage of primary care providers and staff prepared to treat occupational illness and injury among AgFF workers. A number of programs across the US aim to increase the number of primary care physicians and care givers trained in occupational health at C/MHCs. While such programs are beneficial, substantial action is needed at the national level to strengthen and expand the C/MHC system and to establish widely Medical Home models and Accountable Care Organizations. System‐wide policy changes alone have the potential to reduce and eliminate the rampant health disparities experienced by the immigrant workers who sustain the vital Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery sector in the US. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:960–974, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute renal failure associated with diphosphonic ACID (HEDP): A case report
Authors: Ozdemir Ali , Dalbeler Aysegül , Bilen Aslı , Sevinc Can , Isık Elvan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA 26‐year‐old man with no significant past medical history presented to emergency department 1 hr after ingesting approximately 200 ml of HEDP 2010 organophosphoric acid corrosion inhibitor. He had normal vital signs, physical examination and biochemical parameters. After 24 hr, he developed nausea with a decreased urine output. While his blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid levels increased to 36 mg/dl, 3.87 mg/dl, and 8.4 mg/dl, respectively; his serum calcium and phosphorus levels decreased to 7.4 mg/dl and 1.4 mg/dl, respectively. He had proteinuria, glucosuria, leukocyturia and high phosphorus excretion in the urine. On ultrasonographic examination, the kidneys were slightly enlarged and edematous. On the third day of hospitalization, creatinine level increased to 8.81 mg/dl and metabolic acidosis developed. He underwent to hemodialysis therapy and renal functions improved uneventfully.ConclusionThis case represents an example of acute renal failure developed and recovering uneventfully after unintentionally ingestion of a bisphosphonate used in industry.Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:720–723, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of mobile phone design features affecting radiofrequency power absorbed in a human head phantom
Authors: Kuehn Sven , Kelsh Michael A. , Kuster Niels , Sheppard Asher R. , Shum Mona 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe US FCC mandates the testing of all mobile phones to demonstrate compliance with the rule requiring that the peak spatial SAR does not exceed the limit of 1.6 W/kg averaged over any 1 g of tissue. These test data, measured in phantoms with mobile phones operating at maximum antenna input power, permitted us to evaluate the variation in SARs across mobile phone design factors such as shape and antenna design, communication technology, and test date (over a 7‐year period). Descriptive statistical summaries calculated for 850 MHz and 1900 MHz phones and ANOVA were used to evaluate the influence of the foregoing factors on SARs. Service technology accounted for the greatest variability in compliance test SARs that ranged from AMPS (highest) to CDMA, iDEN, TDMA, and GSM (lowest). However, the dominant factor for SARs during use is the time‐averaged antenna input power, which may be much less than the maximum power used in testing. This factor is largely defined by the communication system; e.g., the GSM phone average output can be higher than CDMA by a factor of 100. Phone shape, antenna type, and orientation of a phone were found to be significant but only on the order of up to a factor of 2 (3 dB). The SAR in the tilt position was significantly smaller than for touch. The side of the head did not affect SAR levels significantly. Among the remaining factors, external antennae produced greater SARs than internal ones, and brick and clamshell phones produced greater SARs than slide phones. Assuming phone design and usage patterns do not change significantly over time, we have developed a normalization procedure and formula that permits reliable prediction of the relative SAR between various communication systems. This approach can be applied to improve exposure assessment in epidemiological research. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:479–488. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of blood glucose on neutrophil function in individuals without diabetes
Authors: Saito Yuriko , Takahashi Ippei , Iwane Kaori , Okubo Noriyuki , Nishimura Miya , Matsuzaka Masashi , Wada Naoko , Miwa Takashi , Umeda Takashi , Nakaji Shigeyuki 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe assessed the association of neutrophil function with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in a Japanese general population. Participants were 809 males and females who were over 20 years old living in the Iwaki region in Aomori Prefecture located in northern Japan. Lifestyle parameters (smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise habits), HbA1c and neutrophil function such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability and phagocytic activity (PA) were measured. ROS production capability was measured before and after phagocytic stimulus to obtain basal ROS production and stimulated ROS production. Level of HbA1c had a positive correlation with basal ROS production (p=0.053), a negative correlation with stimulated ROS production (p=0.072) and PA (p=0.059) only in post‐menopausal groups, and not in pre‐menopausal groups. However, there were no correlations between levels of HbA1c and neutrophil functions in male. In conclusion, in the present study, despite the presence of diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia was found to cause an increase in daily basal ROS production of neutrophils, and increased susceptibility to infection caused by reduced neutrophilic reaction in females in their menopause. Therefore, from the oxidative point of view, strict glycemic control is necessary to prevent post‐menopausal females from developing diabetic complications in spite of the presence of diabetes.
Investigations on diffusion limitations of biocatalyzed reactions in amphiphilic polymer conetworks in organic solvents
Authors: Schoenfeld Ina , Dech Stephan , Ryabenky Benjamin , Daniel Bastian , Glowacki Britta , Ladisch Reinhild , Tiller Joerg C. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe use of enzymes as biocatalysts in organic media is an important issue in modern white biotechnology. However, their low activity and stability in those media often limits their full‐scale application. Amphiphilic polymer conetworks (APCNs) have been shown to greatly activate entrapped enzymes in organic solvents. Since these nanostructured materials are not porous, the bioactivity of the conetworks is strongly limited by diffusion of substrate and product. The present manuscript describes two different APCNs as nanostructured microparticles, which showed greatly increased activities of entrapped enzymes compared to those of the already activating membranes and larger particles. We demonstrated this on the example of APCN particles based on PHEA‐l‐PDMS loaded with α‐Chymotrypsin, which resulted in an up to 28,000‐fold higher activity of the enzyme compared to the enzyme powder. Furthermore, lipase from Rhizomucor miehei entrapped in particles based on PHEA‐l‐PEtOx was tested in n‐heptane, chloroform, and substrate. Specific activities in smaller particles were 10‐ to 100‐fold higher in comparison to the native enzyme. The carrier activity of PHEA‐l‐PEtOx microparticles was tenfold higher with some 25–50‐fold lower enzyme content compared to a commercial product. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2333–2342. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast and scalable purification of a therapeutic full‐length antibody based on process crystallization
Authors: Smejkal Benjamin , Agrawal Neeraj J. , Helk Bernhard , Schulz Henk , Giffard Marion , Mechelke Matthias , Ortner Franziska , Heckmeier Philipp , Trout Bernhardt L. , Hekmat Dariusch 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe potential of process crystallization for purification of a therapeutic monoclonal IgG1 antibody was studied. The purified antibody was crystallized in non‐agitated micro‐batch experiments for the first time. A direct crystallization from clarified CHO cell culture harvest was inhibited by high salt concentrations. The salt concentration of the harvest was reduced by a simple pretreatment step. The crystallization process from pretreated harvest was successfully transferred to stirred tanks and scaled‐up from the mL‐scale to the 1 L‐scale for the first time. The crystallization yield after 24 h was 88–90%. A high purity of 98.5% was reached after a single recrystallization step. A 17‐fold host cell protein reduction was achieved and DNA content was reduced below the detection limit. High biological activity of the therapeutic antibody was maintained during the crystallization, dissolving, and recrystallization steps. Crystallization was also performed with impure solutions from intermediate steps of a standard monoclonal antibody purification process. It was shown that process crystallization has a strong potential to replace Protein A chromatography. Fast dissolution of the crystals was possible. Furthermore, it was shown that crystallization can be used as a concentrating step and can replace several ultra‐/diafiltration steps. Molecular modeling suggested that a negative electrostatic region with interspersed exposed hydrophobic residues on the Fv domain of this antibody is responsible for the high crystallization propensity. As a result, process crystallization, following the identification of highly crystallizable antibodies using molecular modeling tools, can be recognized as an efficient, scalable, fast, and inexpensive alternative to key steps of a standard purification process for therapeutic antibodies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2452–2461. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stabilization of enzymes in ionic liquids via modification of enzyme charge
Authors: Nordwald Erik M. , Kaar Joel L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDue to the propensity of ionic liquids (ILs) to inactivate enzymes, the development of strategies to improve enzyme utility in these solvents is critical to fully exploit ILs for biocatalysis. We have developed a strategy to broadly improve enzyme utility in ILs based on elucidating the effect of charge modifications on the function of enzymes in IL environments. Results of stability studies in aqueous‐IL mixtures indicated a clear connection between the ratio of enzyme‐containing positive‐to‐negative sites and enzyme stability in ILs. Stability studies of the effect of [BMIM][Cl] and [EMIM][EtSO4] on chymotrypsin specifically found an optimum ratio of positively‐charged amine‐to‐negatively‐charged acid groups (0.39). At this ratio, the half‐life of chymotrypsin was increased 1.6‐ and 4.3‐fold relative to wild‐type chymotrypsin in [BMIM][Cl] and [EMIM][EtSO4], respectively. The half‐lives of lipase and papain were similarly increased as much as 4.0 and 2.4‐fold, respectively, in [BMIM][Cl] by modifying the ratio of positive‐to‐negative sites of each enzyme. More generally, the results of stability studies found that modifications that reduce the ratio of enzyme‐containing positive‐to‐negative sites improve enzyme stability in ILs. Understanding the impact of charge modification on enzyme stability in ILs may ultimately be exploited to rationally engineer enzymes for improved function in IL environments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2352–2360. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of optically pure amines as chiral auxiliaries to develop trichloro‐s‐triazine‐based new chiral derivatizing reagents for reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of dl‐selenomethionine
Authors: Bhushan Ravi , Lal Manohar 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT(R)‐(+)‐naphthylethyl amine and (S)‐(+)‐1‐benzyl‐3‐aminopyrrolidine were incorporated as chiral auxiliaries, by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms, in cyanuric chloride (CC) or its 6‐butoxy derivative. There were obtained four new chiral derivatizing reagents (CDRs) as two dichloro and two monochloro triazine reagents. The CDRs so obtained were characterized and their optical purity was ascertained. Diastereomers of dl‐selenomethionine were synthesized under microwave irradiation for 60 or 90 s (at 80% power of 800 W). Reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation of diastereomers was carried out on a C18 column using mixtures of acetonitrile with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid as mobile phase. The detection was made at 230 nm using a photodiode array detector. The separation behaviors in terms of retention times and resolutions were compared. The separation method was validated for limit of detection, linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic Synthesis and Studies Toward Enantioselective Synthesis of Flindersial Alkaloids
Authors: Vallakati Ravikrishna , Lundy Brian J. , Jansone‐Popova Santa , May Jeremy A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA strategy allowing both stereocontrol and control over structural isomer formation has been defined for the antimalarial flindersial alkaloids. The recently reported flinderoles were demonstrated to be derived from the natural product borrerine. The structural isomers of flinderoles, the borreverines, were also produced in vitro along with the flinderoles through the dimerization of borrerine in acidic conditions. This result is thought to replicate the biosynthesis of these compounds. Flinderoles A, B, and C, desmethylflinderole C, isoborreverine, and dimethylisoborreverine can each be synthesized in three steps from tryptamine. Furthermore, progress toward a concise enantioselective synthesis of flinderoles A, B, and C is described. This work includes enantioselective conjugate addition to an unprotected indole‐appended enone. Chirality 27:14–17, 2015. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions by N‐vinyl 2‐pyrrolidone/itaconic acid hydrogels from aqueous solutions
Authors: Evren Mümin , Acar Işıl , Güçlü Kubilay , Güçlü Gamze 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, a series of crosslinked N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone–itaconic acid (NVP‐IA) hydrogels was prepared by free radical polymerisation in aqueous solution. Swelling, mechanical and adsorption properties for the removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions of these hydrogels were investigated. Metal ion adsorption capacities of hydrogels for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions were determined as 2.1 and 0.6 mmol g −1, respectively. Adsorption processes of metal ions onto the NVP‐IA hydrogels follow pseudo‐second‐order type adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium adsorption data have been evaluated using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The results illustrated that the adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm.
Process optimisation of porous carbon preparation from date palm pits and adsorption kinetics of methylene blue
Authors: Rashid Kashif , Reddy K. Suresh Kumar , Al Shoaibi Ahmed , Srinivasakannan Chandrasekar 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe present study focuses on the process optimisation of porous carbon preparation from date seed pits. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique with Box–Behnken method (BBM) was utilised with the response variables being the yield and BET surface area. The influencing parameters selected were activation temperature, impregnation ratio (IR) and activation time. The optimum conditions were identified to be an activation temperature of 500°C, IR of 2 and activation time of 75 min, with the resulting yield and BET surface area being 46% and 838 m2/g. The average pore volume and average pore diameter were 1.07 cm3/g and 1.69 nm, respectively. In order to assess the suitability of the carbon for adsorption of macromolecules, the kinetics of methylene blue (MB) adsorption were assessed by varying the initial concentration and the adsorption temperature. The kinetic parameters were evaluated applying the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model by minimising the error between the experimental data and the model prediction; it was found to represent the experimental data more aptly.
Effect of torrefaction on the density and volume changes of coarse biomass particles
Authors: Basu Prabir , Rao Shailendra , Acharya Bishnu , Dhungana Alok 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis work provides preliminary data on the effect of torrefaction on the apparent density of biomass. It also examines how the shape of wood is affected by torrefaction. Experiments conducted on cylinders of poplar wood showed that torrefaction reduced both density and volume of the wood, and the extent of reduction increased with increase in severity of torrefaction. The shape of the wood appears to have some effect on the extent of density change. The shrinkage in radial direction was 3–4%, while reduction in longitudinal direction was 6.5–8.8%. The mass yield decreased with torrefaction severity. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Investigation on alternative disposal methods for froth treatment tailings—part 1, disposal without asphaltene recovery
Authors: Xu Yuming , Dabros Tadek , Kan Jianmin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn paraffinic froth treatment, tailings from the tailings solvent recovery unit (TSRU) contain a significant fraction of asphaltenes. In current commercial practice, the TSRU tailings are disposed of in a tailings pond where the large asphaltene particles and coarse tailings settle and the fines form mature fine tailings (MFT). With increasing public concern about the environmental impact of tailings ponds and stricter government regulations on tailings disposal, the oil sand industry has increased efforts to find alternatives that eliminate or reduce the use of tailings ponds. In collaboration with Total E&P Canada (TEPCA), CanmetENERGY conducted an extensive research program to explore alternatives for TSRU tailings disposal. TSRU tailings were produced from TEPCA's froth treatment pilot tests conducted at the CanmetENERGY froth treatment facility. Various processes were investigated, including flocculation and thickening, filtration, and centrifugation. A large number of bench‐scale flocculation‐thickening and filtration tests were conducted, followed by numerous pilot‐scale flocculation‐thickening tests and centrifugation tests. The experimental results demonstrate that TSRU tailings can be flocculated and thickened to produce paste‐like sediment, and the hot water can be recovered and recycled. The thickened TSRU tailings have good water drainage and deposition of the sediment on a beach would result in further dewatering. Centrifugation of the TSRU tailings or filtration of the thickener underflow can produce a cake that appears to be very dry and suitable for disposal without pond containment.
Impact of the Proline Residue on Ligand Binding of Neurotensin Receptor 2 (NTS2)‐Selective Peptide–Peptoid Hybrids
Authors: Held Cornelia , Hübner Harald , Kling Ralf , Nagel Yvonne A. , Wennemers Helma , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo investigate the binding mode and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of selective neurotensin receptor 2 (NTS2) ligands, novel peptide–peptoid hybrids that simulate the function of the endogenous ligand were developed. Starting from our recently described NTS2 ligands of type 1, structural variants of type 2 and the metabolically stable analogues 3 a,b were developed. Replacement of the proline unit by a collection of structural surrogates and evaluation of the respective molecular probes for NTS2 affinity and selectivity indicated similar SARs as described for NT(8–13) derivatives bound to the subtype NTS1. Peptide–peptoid hybrids 2 d, 3 a,b showed substantial NTS2 binding affinity (Ki=8.1–16 nM) and 2400–8600‐fold selectivity over NTS1. The thiazolidine derivative 3 b showed metabolic stability over 32 h in a serum degradation assay. In an inositol phosphate accumulation assay, the neurotensin mimetics 3 a and 3 b displayed an inhibition of constitutive activity exceeding 1.7–2.0 times the activity of NT(8–13). The fluorinated derivative 3 a could afford attractive opportunities to detect NTS2 by 19F magnetic resonance imaging.
Fluorescence Quenching over Short Range in a Donor‐DNA‐Acceptor System
Authors: Ehrenschwender Thomas , Liang Yu , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim , Wolf Thomas J. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new donor‐DNA‐acceptor system has been synthesized containing Nile red‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine as charge donor and 6‐N,N‐dimethylaminopyrene‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine as acceptor to investigate the charge transfer in DNA duplexes using fluorescence spectroscopy and time‐resolved femtosecond pump‐probe techniques. Fluorescence quenching experiments revealed that the quenching efficiency of Nile red depends on two components: 1) the presence of a charge acceptor and 2) the number of intervening CG and AT base pairs between donor and acceptor. Surprisingly, the quenching efficiency of two base pairs (73 % for CG and the same for AT) is higher than that for one base pair (68 % for CG and 37 % for AT), while at a separation of three base pairs less than 10 % quenching is observed. A comparison with the results of time‐resolved measurements revealed a correlation between quenching efficiency and the first ultrafast time constant suggesting that quenching proceeds via a charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor. All transients are satisfactorily described with two decays: a rapid charge transfer with 600 fs (∼1012 s−1) that depends strongly and in a non‐linear fashion on the distance between donor and acceptor, and a slower time constant of a few picoseconds (∼1011 s−1) with weak distance dependence. A third time constant on a nanosecond time scale represents the fluorescence lifetime of the donor molecule. According to these results and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations a combination of single‐step superexchange and multistep hopping mechanisms can be proposed for this short‐range charge transfer. Furthermore, significantly less quenching efficiency and slower charge transfer rates at very short distances indicate that the direct interaction between donor and acceptor leads to a local structural distortion of DNA duplexes which may provide some uncertainty in identifying the charge transfer rates in short‐range systems.