bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theorizing written feedback as a mediation tool within the Sydney School’s genre pedagogy: a focus on ZPD and scaffolding
Authors: Devrim Devo Y 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDespite the abundance of research on feedback in second language development, there is little agreement on what type of feedback is the most effective. Four perspectives emerge from the literature that investigates feedback, specifically: Second Language Acquisition (SLA), Second Language Writing (L2W), Sociocultural Theory (SCT) and the Sydney School’s genre pedagogy. The SLA and L2W approaches investigate the effectiveness of corrective feedback, the SCT and the Sydney School perspectives explore feedback as a supportive mediation tool. However, both corrective and supportive types of feedback gain importance in L2 literacy development. Therefore, this paper aims to categorise written feedback as a corrective and supportive tool drawing on the Sydney School’s genre pedagogy. An analysis of the feedback instances indicates that written feedback is more effective when it is cast in relation to students’ ZPD. The categorization presented in this paper offers a rich framework for L2 writing instructors, as it situates written feedback as a mediation tool based on the related notions of ZPD and scaffolding.
Kinematics of swimming and thrust production during powerstroking bouts of the swim frenzy in green turtle hatchlings
Authors: Booth David T. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTHatchling sea turtles emerge from nests, crawl down the beach and enter the sea where they typically enter a stereotypical hyperactive swimming frenzy. During this swim the front flippers are moved up and down in a flapping motion and are the primary source of thrust production. I used high-speed video linked with simultaneous measurement of thrust production in tethered hatchlings, along with high-speed video of free swimming hatchlings swimming at different water speeds in a swim flume to investigate the links between kinematics of front flipper movement, thrust production and swimming speed. In particular I tested the hypotheses that (1) increased swimming speed is achieved through an increased stroke rate; (2) force produced per stroke is proportional to stroke amplitude, (3) that forward thrust is produced during both the down and up phases of stroking; and (4) that peak thrust is produced towards the end of the downstroke cycle. Front flipper stroke rate was independent of water speed refuting the hypothesis that swimming speed is increased by increasing stroke rate. Instead differences in swimming speed were caused by a combination of varying flipper amplitude and the proportion of time spent powerstroking. Peak thrust produced per stroke varied within and between bouts of powerstroking, and these peaks in thrust were correlated with both flipper amplitude and flipper angular momentum during the downstroke supporting the hypothesis that stroke force is a function of stroke amplitude. Two distinct thrust production patterns were identified, monophasic in which a single peak in thrust was recorded during the later stages of the downstroke, and biphasic in which a small peak in thrust was recorded at the very end of the upstroke and this followed by a large peak in thrust during the later stages of the downstroke. The biphasic cycle occurs in ∼20% of hatchlings when they first started swimming, but disappeared after one to two hours of swimming. The hypothesis that forward thrust is produced during both the up and down stroke was only supported relatively rarely in hatchlings that exhibited the diphasic cycle, the majority of time forward thrust was only produced during the downstroke phase. The hypothesis that peak forward thrust is produced during the end of the downstroke was supported in both the monophasic and biphasic thrust producing stroke cycles.
Among- and within-individual correlations between basal and maximal metabolic rates in birds
Authors: Careau Vincent , Hoye Bethany , O'Dwyer Terry , Buttemer Bill 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aerobic capacity model proposes that endothermy is a by-product of selection favouring high maximal metabolic rates (MMR) and its mechanistic coupling with basal metabolic rate (BMR). Attempts to validate this model in birds are equivocal and restricted to phenotypic correlations (rP), thus failing to distinguish among- from within-individual correlations (rind and re). We examined 300 paired measurements of BMR and MMR from 60 house sparrows before and after two levels of experimental manipulation - testosterone implants and immune challenge. Overall, repeatability was significant in both BMR (R=0.25±0.06) and MMR (R=0.52±0.06). Only the testosterone treatment altered the rP between BMR and MMR, which resulted from contrasting effects on rind and re. While rind was high and significant (0.62±0.22) in sham-implanted birds, re was negative and marginally non-significant (-0.15±0.09) in testosterone-treated birds. Thus, the expected mechanistic link between BMR and MMR was apparent, but only in birds with low testosterone levels.
Incorporation of Heteropolyacids into Layered Silicate HUS-2 Grafted with 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
Authors: Tsunoji Nao , Takahashi Keita , Sadakane Masahiro , Sano Tsuneji 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A novel heterogeneous acid catalyst was prepared by the incorporation of Keggin (H3[PW12O40]) and Preyssler (H14[NaP5W30O110]) type heteropolyacids into the interlayer of a layered silicate Hiroshima University Silicate (HUS)-2 that was grafted with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Calcination of the Keggin-type heteropolyacid-incorporated HUS-2 at 400 °C for 6 h removed interlayer aminopropyl groups and considerably increased the BET surface area and the micropore volume to 206 m2 g−1 and 0.08 cm3 g−1, respectively. The Preyssler-type heteropolyacid-incorporated HUS-2 had a BET surface area of 216 m2 g−1 and a micropore volume of 0.09 cm3 g−1. The Keggin-type heteropolyacid-incorporated HUS-2 was found to be active for catalysis of the selective dehydration of ethanol to ethene.
The Kondratieff Cycles and Technological Modes in the Economies of Russia and Developed Countries
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid 
Published: September 2014

The paper presents research program for studying the Kondratieff cycles and
technological modes in the Russian and foreign countries economies. It is proposed
to identify Kondratieff (long) cycles through the use of spectral analysis
and econometric models of economic dynamics, and further, based on findings
on Kondratieff cycles, to design models of economic dynamics that reflect the
productivity of different technological modes. It is further proposed to build
technological modes based on V. Maevsky’s proposals. To evaluate how production
factors affect the process of technological modes development the
author proposes to build econometric models in the form of Cobb-Douglas
functions. To feed the models cross-sectional data provided by the Russian
Federal State Statistics Service should be used with the breakdown by regions.
Through the above-mentioned techniques the author has succeeded in identifying
Kondratieff cycles for a number of developed economies. Using the econometric
models with piecewise linear functions of technological modes impact
the author evaluates of modern technological modes efficiency in the developed
economies. Also the development of the fifth and the sixth technological modes
in the Russian economy is assessed. The author also forecasts the pace of
transiting to new technological modes in the RF and the foreign countries
for the period until 2030. It is evidenced that if current trends are in play,
the percentage of new technological modes in Russia will reach 30 per cent,
while in the developed economies the percentage of new technological modes
will get close to 100 per cent.
1: Improving wellbeing of those living with a wound
Authors: Milne Jeanette 
Published: September 2014

This article will explore how the physical effects of living with a wound—for example, pain, strikethrough, reduced mobility, stigma, malodour, visibility of the dressing, a risk the dressing will not stay in place, social isolation and low mood—can affect wellbeing. Current wound-care strategies often focus solely on the management of the wound itself. Clinicians are often unprepared to help patients cope with the psychological effects, including the potential impact of the wound on their reported quality of life in domains such as loss of control, low mood, frustration, guilt, feeling unclean etc and their impact on the individual's ability to face the future. Living with a wound has also been reported to reduce patient interaction with loved ones, friends and colleagues. Nurses commonly coordinate the care of patients with wounds; as such, they should be encouraged to adopt techniques that enable them to perform a holistic assessment of the effect of the wound on the patient's wellbeing. In order to do so, clinicians need access to education and tools and to perfect the communication skills needed to truly engage with patients. It is essential that any tools used offer a practical approach, as nurses already have busy clinical schedules, with lots of conflicting demands.
TLS-BasicADL: development and reliability of a new assessment scale to measure basic mobility and self-care
Authors: Asplin Gillian , Kjellby-Wendt Gunilla , Fagevik-Olsen Monika 
Published: September 2014

Aims:To describe the development and test reliability of a new assessment scale for measuring basic mobility and self-care: the Traffic Light System-BasicADL (TLS-BasicADL).Subjects:Eighteen occupational and physiotherapists took part in inter-rater, and 25 in intra-rater, reliability testing. Thirty inpatients admitted to an acute geriatric/orthopaedic unit, aged ≥70 years participated in inter-rater testing, 5 of whom were included in intra-rater testing.Methods:TLS-BasicADL was constructed by members of the interdisciplinary team at a geriatric unit. Items were generated from existing instruments, pilot testing and consensus meetings. Inter-rater testing was performed by two therapists simultaneously. Intra-rater reliability was examined using video-taped films of 5 patients. Therapists viewed and assessed 5 patients, then retested 4 weeks later. For inter-rater testing percentage agreement (PA) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used, and for intra-rater reliability, PA.Results:Analysis of reliability showed high inter-rater (PA=86%; ICC=0.90) and fair intra-rater reliability (PA=≥72%) for mobility items.Conclusion:The new interdisciplinary assessment, TLS-BasicADL for measuring function in older persons in the acute hospital setting is shown to have high inter-rater and fair intra-rater reliability.
Healing outcomes of MRSA-infected wounds with a protocol combining Oakin dressing with elements of de-escalation theory
Authors: Graham G.S. 
Published: September 2014

Objective: This paper presents a novel wound healing protocol for the treatment of MRSA-infected lower extremity wounds of various etiologies, and describes the healing rate at 30, 60 and 90 days. Method: A total of 40 participants with singular wounds were enrolled and treated with a specially designed protocol, which involves elements of the de-escalation theory together with a wound dress containing Oakin, in a private practice setting or a wound care center. The primary endpoint was the number of participants who achieved wound closure at 90 days. Data analysed and collected included wound etiology, wound size, gender, healing time by setting, and days to heal overall. Due to the anticipated small cohort of wound types, several statistical calculations were considered, including one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Levene's test. Results: All wounds were classified by etiology: 58% (n=23), diabetic neuropathic ulcers (DNU), 25% (n=10) venous insufficiency ulcers (VU), and 17% (n=7) pressure ulcers (PU). Overall, 35% (n=14) healed within 30 days (22.14 ± 4.47), 60% (n=24) healed in 60 days (31.76 ± 13.02), and 78% (n=31) healed in 90 days (40.81 ± 22.23). After 90 days, the remaining 23% (n=9) of participants were no longer followed. Conclusion: This clinical evaluation demonstrated the overall effectiveness of this treatment protocol by attaining nearly 80% wound closure within 90 days. This protocol is intended to provide a roadmap for clinicians to follow and adapt to their wound care practice should a high prevalence of MRSA-infected wounds be present. Declaration of interest: The author has disclosed that he has worked doing clinical case studies for Amerx Health Care Corp. and is on their speaker bureau. The author has also disclosed that he has no financial relationship or vested interest with Amerx Health Care Corp. No funding was provided by the NIH, Wellcome Trust, HHMI, or others.
Bromosubstituted norbornadienes and their reversible photolytic transformation to quadricyclanes
Authors: Hammershøj Peter , Sørensen Thomas Just , Madsen Anders Ø. , Nielsen Martin M. , Bechgaard Klaus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo new model systems for use within the rapidly developing ultrafast time resolved x-ray scattering techniques have been prepared. Their photoisomerisation from norbornadiene to quadricyclane was found to be a suitable reaction to follow. Simulations of scattering patterns (not included in this report) showed that if heavy atoms are included in these molecular structures, then the transformation can be followed by transient X-ray scattering techniques. Two new bromosubstituted norbornadienes were synthesised and characterised. Absorption spectroscopy showed that the norbornadienes are converted quantitatively to quadricyclanes under ultraviolet irradiation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies showed that the process was fully reversible and that the norbornadienes could be completely recovered even without addition of catalysts. Furthermore, it was shown that the formation of quadricyclane from norbornadiene was unaffected by triplet sensitisers. The two new model systems synthesised thus are strong candidates for use in time-resolved X-ray scattering studies in both gas and condensed phases.
The pathophysiology of abdominal adipose tissue depots in health and disease
Authors: Walker Gillian E. , Marzullo Paolo , Ricotti Roberta , Bona Gianni , Prodam Flavia 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Obesity is currently the most important contributor to ill health and expenditure worldwide. More alarming is the fact that the pediatric population parallels adults, with obesity closely associated to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and certain types of cancer. The observation in the early 1950s that android or truncal adipose tissue (AT) distribution compared to gynoid had a greater association with metabolic dysfunction, in particular T2D and cardiovascular disease risk, led to the hypothesis that obesity-associated complications are not associated with fat mass per se, but the pattern of fat distribution. This concept was further supported by groups of individuals with metabolic dysfunction despite a lean phenotype, and healthy obese people protected from metabolic dysfunction. It is now well recognized that an increase in visceral AT is an independent risk factor for the development of obesity-associated comorbidities with AT depot distribution, their anatomic, cellular and molecular features defining their role. The differences and the plasticity of subcutaneous, visceral and ectopic ATs to store and release fatty acids and to synthesize and secrete adipokines, defines the metabolic outcomes. The present review will examine the phenotypic and pathophysiological differences between the different AT depots, with a particular focus on the abdominal depots and their link to metabolic complications.
Global Regulation of a Differentiation MAPK Pathway in Yeast
Authors: Chavel Colin A , Caccamise Lauren M , Li Boyang , Cullen Paul J 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Cell differentiation requires different pathways to act in concert to produce a specialized cell type. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes filamentous growth in response to nutrient limitation. Differentiation to the filamentous cell type requires multiple signaling pathways, including a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To identify new regulators of the filamentous growth MAPK pathway, a genetic screen was performed with a collection of 4072 nonessential deletion mutants constructed in the filamentous (Σ1278b) strain background. The screen, in combination with directed gene-deletion analysis, uncovered 97 new regulators of the filamentous growth MAPK pathway comprising 40% of the major regulators of filamentous growth. Functional classification extended known connections to the pathway and identified new connections. One function for the extensive regulatory network was to adjust the activity of the filamentous growth MAPK pathway to the activity of other pathways that regulate the response. In support of this idea, an unregulated filamentous growth MAPK pathway led to an uncoordinated response. Many of the pathways that regulate filamentous growth also regulated each other’s targets, which brings to light an integrated signaling network that regulates the differentiation response. The regulatory network characterized here provides a template for understanding MAPK-dependent differentiation that may extend to other systems, including fungal pathogens and metazoans.
Exploiting Natural Variation of Secondary Metabolism Identifies a Gene Controlling the Glycosylation Diversity of Dihydroxybenzoic Acids in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Xu , Svedin Elisabeth , Mo Huaping , Atwell Susanna , Dilkes Brian P , Chapple Clint 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism is an active research area because of the unique and important roles the specialized metabolites have in the interaction of plants with their biotic and abiotic environment, the diversity and complexity of the compounds and their importance to human medicine. Thousands of natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana characterized with increasing genomic precision are available, providing new opportunities to explore the biochemical and genetic mechanisms affecting variation in secondary metabolism within this model species. In this study, we focused on four aromatic metabolites that were differentially accumulated among 96 Arabidopsis natural accessions as revealed by leaf metabolic profiling. Using UV, mass spectrometry, and NMR data, we identified these four compounds as different dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) glycosides, namely 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid) 5-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 5-O-β-D-xyloside, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3-O-β-D-xyloside. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using recombinant inbred lines generated from C24 and Col-0 revealed a major-effect QTL controlling the relative proportion of xylosides vs. glucosides. Association mapping identified markers linked to a gene encoding a UDP glycosyltransferase gene. Analysis of Transfer DNA (T-DNA) knockout lines verified that this gene is required for DHBA xylosylation in planta and recombinant protein was able to xylosylate DHBA in vitro. This study demonstrates that exploiting natural variation of secondary metabolism is a powerful approach for gene function discovery.
High-Intensity Statin Therapy Alters the Natural History of Diabetic Coronary Atherosclerosis: Insights From SATURN
Authors: Stegman Brian , Puri Rishi , Cho Leslie , Shao Mingyuan , Ballantyne Christie M. , Barter Phillip J. , Chapman M. John , Erbel Raimund , Libby Peter , Raichlen Joel S. , Uno Kiyoko , Kataoka Yu , Nissen Steven E. , Nicholls Stephen J. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
Although statins can induce coronary atheroma regression, this benefit has yet to be demonstrated in diabetic individuals. We tested the hypothesis that high-intensity statin therapy may promote coronary atheroma regression in patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Study of Coronary Atheroma by Intravascular Ultrasound: Effect of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin (SATURN) used serial intravascular ultrasound measures of coronary atheroma volume in patients treated with rosuvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 80 mg for 24 months. This analysis compared changes in biochemistry and coronary percent atheroma volume (PAV) in patients with (n = 159) and without (n = 880) diabetes.

RESULTS
At baseline, patients with diabetes had lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels but higher triglyceride and CRP levels compared with patients without diabetes. At follow-up, diabetic patients had lower levels of LDL-C (61.0 ± 20.5 vs. 66.4 ± 22.9 mg/dL, P = 0.01) and HDL-C (46.3 ± 10.6 vs. 49.9 ± 12.0 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.001) but higher levels of triglycerides (127.6 [98.8, 163.0] vs. 113.0 mg/dL [87.6, 151.9], P = 0.001) and CRP (1.4 [0.7, 3.3] vs. 1.0 [0.5, 2.1] mg/L, P = 0.001). Both patients with and without diabetes demonstrated regression of coronary atheroma as measured by change in PAV (−0.83 ± 0.13 vs. −1.15 ± 0.13%, P = 0.08). PAV regression was less in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients when on-treatment LDL-C levels were &gt;70 mg/dL (−0.31 ± 0.23 vs. −1.01 ± 0.21%, P = 0.03) but similar when LDL-C levels were ≤70 mg/dL (−1.09 ± 0.16 vs. −1.24 ± 0.16%, P = 0.50).

CONCLUSIONS
High-intensity statin therapy alters the progressive nature of diabetic coronary atherosclerosis, yielding regression of disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
IV ATP Potentiates Midazolam Sedation as Assessed by Bispectral Index
Authors: Sakurai Satoru , Fukunaga Atsuo , Ichinohe Tatsuya , Kaneko Yuzuru 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study, by measuring bispectral index (BIS), we tested the hypothesis that intravenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) infusion would deepen the level of midazolam-induced sedation. Ten healthy volunteers underwent 2 experiments with at least 2 weeks' interval: immediately after intravenous bolus administration of midazolam (0.04 mg/kg), they received continuous infusion of either ATP infusion (100 μg/kg/min) or placebo (saline) for 40 minutes in a double-blind, randomized, crossover manner. Changes in BIS values and responsiveness to verbal command as well as cardiorespiratory variables were observed throughout the study periods. Administration of midazolam alone reduced BIS value from control: 97 ± 1 to 68 ± 18 at 25 minutes, which was accompanied by significant cardiopulmonary depressant effects, while maintaining responsiveness to verbal command (consciousness) throughout the study period. Coadministration of ATP with midazolam further reduced BIS value to 51 ± 13, associated with complete loss of consciousness without adverse effect on the cardiorespiratory systems. We conclude that the addition of ATP infusion to midazolam significantly enhances midazolam sedation without disturbing cardiorespiratory functions.