bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biobased poly(2,5‐furandimethylene succinate‐co‐butylene succinate) crosslinked by reversible Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Ikezaki Tabito , Matsuoka Reishi , Hatanaka Kenichi , Yoshie Naoko 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe synthesized biobased poly(2,5‐furandimethylene succinate‐co‐butylene succinate) [P(FS‐co‐BS)] copolymers by polycondensation of 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, 1,4‐butanediol, and succinic acid. These copolymers could be crosslinked to form network polymers by means of a reversible Diels–Alder reaction with bis‐maleimide. The thermal properties, mechanical properties, and healing abilities of the P(FS‐co‐BS)s and the network polymers were investigated. The mechanical properties of the network polymers depended on the comonomer composition of the P(FS‐co‐BS)s and the maleimide/furan ratio in the network polymers. Some of the copolymers exhibited healing ability at room temperature, and their healing efficiency was enhanced by solvent or heat. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 216–222
Relict Talus‐Foot Rock Glaciers at Øyberget, Upper Ottadalen, Southern Norway: Schmidt Hammer Exposure Ages and Palaeoenvironmental Implications
Authors: Matthews John A. , Nesje Atle , Linge Henriette 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThree relict talus‐foot rock glaciers at Øyberget, upper Ottadalen, were dated using high‐precision Schmidt hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD). A SHD calibration curve was constructed for the local banded gneiss using two control points: (1) fresh bedrock in a road cutting; and (2) glacially scoured bedrock surfaces deglaciated c. 9.7 ka. Two alternative hypotheses are suggested to explain SHD ages (± 95% confidence intervals) of 10 340 ± 1280, 9920 ± 1385 and 8965 ± 1700 years obtained for the three rock glaciers located ~ 1000 m below the present lower limit of mountain permafrost, at a site covered by glacier ice throughout the Late Weichselian. First, the rock glaciers may be paraglacial features, which formed rapidly during deglaciation when enhanced debris supply may have buried residual ice bodies. If this was the case, the SHD ages are a true reflection of rock glacier age. Second, the rock glaciers may have formed during several thousand years of permafrost conditions in the Mid‐Weichselian (possibly during the Ålesund Interstadial, c. 34.5–38.2 ka) and then been preserved beneath a cold‐based ice sheet until renewed exposure during Holocene deglaciation. If the second hypothesis is true, then the true age of the rock glaciers is much older than their SHD ages, the latter failing to record the interval of burial when rock weathering would have been zero. Although evidence is currently insufficient to distinguish between these two interpretations, the paper demonstrates both the potential and limitations of high‐precision SHD in the context of rock glaciers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epitaxial growth of Mg2Si films on strontium titanate single crystals
Authors: Akiyama Kensuke , Katagiri Atsuo , Ogawa Shota , Matsushima Masaaki , Funakubo Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract(110)‐ and (111)‐oriented Mg2Si films were grown at 325 °C on (100) and (110), and (111) SrTiO3 substrates, respectively, by RF magnetron sputtering method. X‐ray pole figure measurement showed that (110)‐oriented Mg2Si films on (100) and (110) SrTiO3 substrates were in‐plane‐aligned epitaxially grown ones. (110)‐oriented epitaxial films on (100) SrTiO3 substrates consisted of two types of varians in‐plane rotating at an angle of 90°, while epitaxial films on (110) SrTiO3 substrates consisted of single type of domains. On the other hand, (111)‐oriented Mg2Si films on (111) SrTiO3 substrates were in‐plane‐random one‐axis oriented films. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐temperature preparation and thermoelectric properties of CrSi2, MnSi1.7+δ, and CoSi using a Na flux
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Yamane Hisanori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPowders of transition metal silicides, CrSi2, MnSi1.7+δ, and CoSi, were prepared by heating powder mixtures of Cr, Mn, and Co metals and Si with a Na flux at 773–823 K for 12 h. The grains of the prepared metal silicide powders were composed of primary particles with sizes smaller than those of the source powders of the metals and Si. The bulk samples prepared by sintering the metal silicide powders were characterized. Maximum ZT values of 0.10, 0.42, and 0.13 were obtained for the samples of CrSi2 at 873 K, MnSi1.7+δ at 773 K, and CoSi at 623 K, respectively. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semiconducting silicides as potential candidates for light detectors: ab initio predictions
Authors: Migas D. B. , Borisenko V. E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy means of ab initio calculations we show that some semiconducting silicides (namely Ca2Si, BaSi2, CrSi2, Mn4Si7, ReSi1.75, β‐FeSi2, OsSi2, Os2Si3 and Ir3Si5) are characterized by significant values of the absorption coefficient near the absorption edge even though they are mainly indirect band‐gap semiconductors. These values are substantially larger that the ones of silicon independently of the band gaps of these semiconducting silicides indicting their prospects for efficient light detectors being fabricated within conventional silicon technology. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conduction properties of β‐FeSi2 epitaxial films with low carrier density
Authors: Terai Yoshikazu , Suzuki Nozomu , Noda Keiichi , Fujiwara Yasufumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe electrical transport properties of β‐FeSi2 epitaxial films grown on Si(001) or Si(111) substrates were investigated to clarify the growth‐orientation dependence of the electrical conduction mechanism in the β‐FeSi2 epitaxial films with low electron density of ∼1016 cm‐3. As temperature was decreased, the transition from band conduction to hopping conduction was observed in both the epitaxial films. The β‐FeSi2 on Si(111) film showed the transition at higher temperature than the β‐FeSi2 on Si(001). When the epitaxial films were annealed, the transition temperature shifted to lower temperature. The β‐FeSi2 on Si(001) film annealed at 800ºC showed the largest electron mobility of 14800 cm2/V·s at 70 K. These results were understood by the conduction through the defect levels in the β‐FeSi2 epitaxial films. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallization of magnesium silicide droplets prepared on unheated silicon substrate by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Sugawara Hiroharu , Izutsu Asuka , Igarashi Takashi , Kubo Genki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA sintered Mg2Si target was subjected to ArF‐excimer pulsed laser deposition for preparing Mg2Si droplets on an unheated silicon substrate. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that droplets deposited on a chemically treated porous silicon substrate were inhomogeneous, and contained at least two precipitate phases of magnesium silicide. One was identified as cubic β‐phase Mg2Si precipitates. Unconventional precipitates were also observed at point where atomic composition of Mg:Si was about 1:2 and were suggested to be one of the precipitate phases of Al–Mg–Si alloys. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Size and surface orientation dependence of structures and morphologies of Ni clusters on SrTiO3 substrates
Authors: Tanaka Miyoko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNi clusters and particles grown on SrTiO3 substrates were investigated with UHV‐TEM /STM combined system. The dependence of Ni/SrTiO3 interface structure and Ni deposits morphologies on deposit size and substrate surface orientation was found. While small clusters tend to grow semi‐commensurately with substrates, bigger particles grow incommensurately. Clusters and particles on SrTiO3 (110) have more random growth configuration and morphologies than those on SrTiO3 (001). (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solution growth and optical characterization of Mn11Si19
Authors: Iioka Masaru , Ishida Daisuke , Kojima Shyuhei , Udono Haruhiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the optical property of single‐phase Mn11Si19 bulk crystals grown by the temperature gradient solution growth (TGSG) method using Ga solvent. The optical absorption spectrum near the fundamental absorption edge was evaluated by transmission and reflectance measurements between 5 K and 300 K. Optical constants of refractive index n and extinction coefficient k were determined from normal reflectance spectrum by Kramers‐Kronig analysis. The value of n was 5‐6 near the band edge energy. From the relation of the optical absorption spectra to photon energy, we found that Mn11Si19 has indirect band gap structure with the absorption edge energy of approximately 0.64 eV at 5 K. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure analysis of β‐FeSi2 grown on Ag‐coated Si(001) substrate
Authors: Motomura Shunichi , Hayashi Kohei , Itakura Masaru , Akiyama Kensuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicrostructure of epitaxial β‐FeSi2 crystalline film grown on Ag‐coated Si (001) substrate was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEMs). It was found that the film consists of two types of β‐FeSi2 grains, or rod‐like polygonal and thin platelet grains. The platelet grains are connected mutually to form large continuous‐film areas on the Si(001) substrate. The crystallographic orientation relationship obtained is: β‐FeSi2(100)[011]//Si(001)[110], which is a rare epitaxial relationship. However, the interface between the platelet grains and the Si substrate is very flat at an atomic level. Moreover, remains of Ag impurities are not detected in the β‐FeSi2 grains. These results indicate that the continuous crystalline film consisting of high quality β‐FeSi2 crystals can be produced by using Ag‐coated Si(001) substrate. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
H ∞  output tracking control for discrete‐time switched systems via output feedback
Authors: Li Jiao , Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of H ∞  output tracking control for a class of discrete‐time switched systems. Neither the measurability of the system state nor the solvability of the output tracking control problem for each individual subsystem is required. We design controllers for subsystems and a switching law to solve the H ∞  output tracking problem for the switched system. The designed controllers use only the measured output feedback, and the switching law is based on the measured output tracking error. In addition, the quadratic function corresponding to each subsystem is not required to be positive definite. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exponential stability criteria for discrete time‐delay systems
Authors: Medina Rigoberto , Martinez Carlos 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn this paper, we study the exponential stability of linear discrete time‐delay systems with slowly varying coefficients and nonlinear perturbations. We establish the robustness of the exponential stability in Hilbert spaces, in the sense that the exponential stability for a given linear equation persists under sufficiently small perturbations. As an application of the main results, we discuss the exponential stability of a general nonlinear system. The main novelty of this work is that we always consider the exponential behavior of solutions with respect to an specific ball. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient algorithms for three‐dimensional axial and planar random assignment problems
Authors: Frieze Alan , Sorkin Gregory B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBeautiful formulas are known for the expected cost of random two‐dimensional assignment problems, but in higher dimensions even the scaling is not known. In three dimensions and above, the problem has natural “Axial” and “Planar” versions, both of which are NP‐hard. For 3‐dimensional Axial random assignment instances of size n, the cost scales as Ω(1/ n), and a main result of the present paper is a linear‐time algorithm that, with high probability, finds a solution of cost O(n–1+o(1)). For 3‐dimensional Planar assignment, the lower bound is Ω(n), and we give a new efficient matching‐based algorithm that with high probability returns a solution with cost O(n log n). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46, 160–196, 2015
Enhanced spread spectrum ALOHA system level performance assessment
Authors: Gallinaro Gennaro , Di Cecca Filippo , Marchitti Maria‐Antonietta , De Gaudenzi Riccardo , Del Rio Herrero Oscar 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis paper describes the simulated system performances of the enhanced spread spectrum ALOHA (E‐SSA) random access scheme in a realistic mobile satellite multibeam scenario operating in S‐band. The E‐SSA random access scheme has been selected for supporting messaging services in the ETSI S‐band Mobile Interactive Multimedia (S‐MIM) standard. Finally, the operation and the performance of E‐SSA is elaborated in the context of a terrestrial gap‐filler component complementing the satellite coverage in densely populated areas. It is shown that the terrestrial network is able to off‐load traffic from the satellite component while ensuring continuity of service in areas that cannot be covered by a satellite only system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design pattern based model transformation with tool support
Authors: Kim Dae‐Kyoo 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA design pattern helps to improve the quality of a software system by providing a proven solution for recurring design problems. However, the abstract and informal nature of prevailing pattern descriptions makes it hard to use design patterns and hinders the development of tool support. In this paper, we present an approach that systematically applies a design pattern to a problem model and transforms it to a solution model with traceability, which helps to understand how a design pattern addresses its intended design problem. In the approach, a design pattern is defined as a pair of solution and problem specifications and a transformation specification. A problem model is checked for pattern applicability, and if applicable, the pattern is applied to the model using the pattern's transformation specification, which results in a solution model conforming to the solution specification of the pattern. This approach establishes an explicit traceability of how pattern properties are incorporated into a model. We demonstrate the approach using the Visitor pattern applied to two case studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design criteria for diagrid tall buildings: Stiffness versus strength
Authors: Montuori Giovanni Maria , Mele Elena , Brandonisio Giuseppe , De Luca Antonello 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe procedures and formulations suggested in literature for the design of diagrid structures start from the assumption that diagonal sizing process is governed by the stiffness requirements, as usually occurs for other, less efficient, structural types, and that member strength demand is automatically satisfied by the cross section resulting from the stiffness requirements. However, thanks to the high rigidity of the diagonalized façade, strength requirements can be of paramount importance and even be the governing design criterion. In this paper, stiffness and strength design criteria for diagrid structures are examined and translated in simplified formulae for quick member sizing. The application of the two approaches for the design of a 100‐storey building model, carried out for different diagrid geometrical patterns, gives the opportunity of discussing the relative influence of stiffness and strength on the design outcomes, in terms of resulting diagonal cross sections and steel weight, as well as on the structural performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communication strategies for earning trust in climate change debates
Authors: Goodwin Jean , Dahlstrom Michael F. 
Published: November 2013

Climate scientists need the trust of lay audiences if they are to share their knowledge. But significant audience segments—those doubtful or dismissive of climate change—distrust climate scientists. In response, climate scientists can undertake one of two general communication strategies for enhancing trust, each appealing to one of two broad types of cognitive processing mechanisms. In the first, the communicator displays traits like humor, attractiveness, vigorous delivery, and likeability that audiences use as heuristics in determining whom to trust. But this strategy is unlikely to be successful with the very audiences who are its main targets, since those audiences will be primed to employ a more analytic and critical approach to assessing trustworthiness. In the second communicative strategy, the communicator earns trust by undertaking burdens and commitments and making herself vulnerable in ways her audience can enforce. This vulnerability signals her trustworthiness, since the audience can reason that she would not undertake such risks unless she was confident in what she was saying. Climate scientists have a variety of ways of making themselves vulnerable, including committing themselves to engaging with doubtful and dismissive audiences, undertaking burdens of proof to argue with them, empowering audiences to assess the science themselves, admitting error, and focusing on small issues. Overall, when adopting the second strategy, climate scientists must extend trust in order to earn trust, committing themselves to an on‐going relationship within which their true trustworthiness will become apparent. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:151–160. doi: 10.1002/wcc.262This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
YB‐1 protein: functions and regulation
Authors: Lyabin Dmitry N. , Eliseeva Irina A. , Ovchinnikov Lev P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Y‐box binding protein 1 (YB‐1, YBX1) is a member of the family of DNA‐ and RNA‐binding proteins with an evolutionarily ancient and conserved cold shock domain. It falls into a group of intrinsically disordered proteins that do not follow the classical rule ‘one protein–one function’ but introduce a novel principle stating that a disordered structure suggests many functions. YB‐1 participates in a wide variety of DNA/RNA‐dependent events, including DNA reparation, pre‐mRNA transcription and splicing, mRNA packaging, and regulation of mRNA stability and translation. At the cell level, the multiple activities of YB‐1 are manifested as its involvement in cell proliferation and differentiation, stress response, and malignant cell transformation. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:95–110. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1200This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Regulation
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Manganese(II) and ­Cobalt(II) Complexes with 2, 6‐Dimethoxybenzoic Acid and Additional N‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Filippova Irina G. , Malaestean Iurie L. , Baca Svetlana G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThree coordination compounds [Mn3(dmb)6(H2O)4(4, 4′‐bpy)3(EtOH)]n (1) and [M(dmb)2(pyz)2 (H2O)2] [MII = Co (2), Mn (3)] (Hdmb = 2, 6‐dimethoxybenzoic acid, 4, 4′‐bpy = 4, 4′‐bipyridine, pyz = pyrazine) were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 consists of infinite 1D polymeric chains, in which the metal entities are bridged by 4, 4′‐bpy ligands. There are four crystallographically independent MnII atoms in the linear chain with different coordination modes, which is only scarcely reported for linear polymers. The isostructural crystals of 2 and 3 are composed of neutral mononuclear complexes. In crystal the complexes are combined into chains by intermolecular O–H···N hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between antiparallel pyrazine molecules.
Shortage of Doctors, Shortage of Data: A Review of the Global Surgery, Obstetrics, and Anesthesia Workforce Literature
Authors: Hoyler Marguerite , Finlayson Samuel R. G. , McClain Craig D. , Meara John G. , Hagander Lars 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe global surgery workforce is in crisis in many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The shortage of surgery, obstetrics, and anesthesia providers is an important cause of the unmet need for surgical care in LMICs. The goal of this paper is to summarize the available literature about surgical physicians in LMICs and to describe ongoing initiatives to supplement the existing surgical workforce data.MethodsWe performed a systematic search and literature review of the English‐language literature regarding the number of surgeons, obstetrician–gynecologists, and anesthesiologists practicing in LMICs.
ResultsLiterature describing the number of surgeons, obstetricians, and anesthesiologists practicing in LMICs represents a small minority of LMICs, and indicates consistently low levels of surgical physicians. Our literature search yielded comprehensive data for only six countries. No national data were found for 23 of the 57 countries considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be in health workforce ‘crisis.’ Across LMICs, general surgeon density ranged from 0.13 to 1.57 per 100,000 population, obstetrician density ranged from 0.042 to 12.5 per 100,000, and anesthesiologist density ranged from 0 to 4.9 per 100,000. Total anesthesiologist, obstetrician, and surgeon density was significantly correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (r2 = 0.097, p = 0.0002).ConclusionThe global surgery workforce is in crisis, yet is poorly characterized by the current English‐language literature. There is a critical need for systematically collected, national‐level data regarding surgery providers in LMICs to guide improvements in surgery access and care. The Harvard Global Surgery Workforce Initiative and the WHO global surgical workforce database are working to address this need by surveying Ministries of Health and surgical professional organizations around the world.
Spatial mobility and social outcomes
Authors: Clark William A. V. , van Ham Maarten , Coulter Rory 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper examines the nature and extent of socio-spatial mobility in Great Britain. In contrast with previous studies, we investigate the entire spectrum of moves within and across the hierarchical structure of neighbourhoods. We use data from the British Household Panel Survey to trace moves between neighbourhoods defined using the Indices of Multiple Deprivation. We define upward socio-spatial mobility as moving to neighbourhoods with greater levels of advantage (lower levels of deprivation), and downward socio-spatial mobility as the shift to less advantaged neighbourhoods. As expected, the results show that there are strong associations between origin and destination neighbourhood types. We find that education and income play critical roles in the ability of individuals to make neighbourhood gains when they move. An important finding of the research is the way in which the housing market structurally conditions socio-spatial mobility. In the UK and probably more broadly, the opportunity to move to socially advantaged places is highly stratified by housing tenure.