bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional truncated membrane pores
Authors: Stoddart David , Ayub Mariam , Höfler Lajos , Raychaudhuri Pinky , Klingelhoefer Jochen W. , Maglia Giovanni , Heron Andrew , Bayley Hagan 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Cells and compartments within them are bounded by membranes, the underlying structure of which is the lipid bilayer. Molecules that move into and out of cells or between compartments are transported through protein channels and pores, which according to conventional thinking completely span the intact bilayer. However, indirect evidence has suggested the existence of a separate class of membrane proteins that perturb the bilayer structure to create transmembrane conduits. We present direct evidence for such proteins, and suggest that they are protagonists in important physiological processes, including defense by the immune system against microorganisms and neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease.
Septin assemblies form by diffusion-driven annealing on membranes
Authors: Bridges Andrew A. , Zhang Huaiying , Mehta Shalin B. , Occhipinti Patricia , Tani Tomomi , Gladfelter Amy S. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The mechanisms and location of polymerization and disassembly direct the function of cytoskeletal proteins. Septins are far less understood than other cytoskeletal elements such as actin and microtubules, yet they have a conserved function acting as scaffolds at cell membranes and are implicated in cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and microbial pathogenesis. We have defined a key role of the membrane in directing septin filament formation in live cells and reconstituted dynamic septin polymerization, using purified components. We find that septins grow into filaments and form higher-order structures by diffusing, colliding, and annealing on the plasma membrane. This work is important because it defines previously unidentified basic steps of polymerization and construction of higher-order assemblies of septin proteins.
TBC1D24 regulates neuronal migration and maturation through modulation of the ARF6-dependent pathway
Authors: Falace Antonio , Buhler Emmanuelle , Fadda Manuela , Watrin Françoise , Lippiello Pellegrino , Pallesi-Pocachard Emilie , Baldelli Pietro , Benfenati Fabio , Zara Federico , Represa Alfonso , Fassio Anna , Cardoso Carlos 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceThe six-layered cerebral cortex forms through tightly regulated steps including neuronal proliferation, migration, and circuitry formation. Alterations of cortical development are associated with several neurological conditions, but the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the role of TBC1 domain family member 24(TBC1D24), a gene associated with syndromes combining epilepsy and cognitive deficits, in cortical development. Using an in vivo approach, we found that TBC1D24 regulates neuronal polarity, thus promoting neuronal migration and maturation. We further show that TBC1D24 exerts its function through the modulation of the activity of ADP ribosylation factor 6, a GTPase involved in membrane trafficking. Collectively, our data disclose a previously uncharacterized molecular mechanism involved in cortical development and underline how appropriate and timely neuronal positioning is essential for brain function.
Persistent HIV-1 replication is associated with lower antiretroviral drug concentrations in lymphatic tissues
Authors: Fletcher Courtney V. , Staskus Kathryn , Wietgrefe Stephen W. , Rothenberger Meghan , Reilly Cavan , Chipman Jeffrey G. , Beilman Greg J. , Khoruts Alexander , Thorkelson Ann , Schmidt Thomas E. , Anderson Jodi , Perkey Katherine , Stevenson Mario , Perelson Alan S. , Douek Daniel C. , Haase Ashley T. , Schacker Timothy W. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
We show that HIV continues to replicate in the lymphatic tissues of some individuals taking antiretroviral regimens considered fully suppressive, based on undetectable viral loads in peripheral blood, and that one mechanism for persistent replication in lymphatic tissues is the lower concentrations of the antiretroviral drugs in those tissues compared with peripheral blood. These findings are significant because they provide a rationale and framework for testing the efficacy of new agents and combinations of drugs that will fully suppress replication in lymphatic tissues. More suppressive regimens could improve immune reconstitution, as well as provide the effective regimens needed for functional cure and eradication of infection.
C2cd3 is critical for centriolar distal appendage assembly and ciliary vesicle docking in mammals
Authors: Ye Xuan , Zeng Huiqing , Ning Gang , Reiter Jeremy F. , Liu Aimin 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The primary cilium is a hair-like cell surface organelle, the loss of which leads to numerous human diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. To better understand the pathology and to develop treatments for these diseases, it is critical to identify important regulators of cilium biogenesis and to reveal their mechanisms of function. We show that C2cd3 is required for the assembly of a structure at the distal end of the mother centriole, which serves as an anchor of the cilium. Without this structure, the mother centriole cannot associate with the membrane, and many other cilium proteins cannot be recruited to the centriole. This work provides a significant insight into one of the earliest steps in cilium formation.
Exposure to ambient black carbon derived from a unique inventory and high-resolution model
Authors: Wang Rong , Tao Shu , Balkanski Yves , Ciais Philippe , Boucher Olivier , Liu Junfeng , Piao Shilong , Shen Huizhong , Vuolo Maria Raffaella , Valari Myrto , Chen Han , Chen Yuanchen , Cozic Anne , Huang Ye , Li Bengang , Li Wei , Shen Guofeng , Wang Bin , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: January 2014

Significance
In this study, we have developed a unique global black carbon (BC) emission inventory using a 10-km grid based on the latest source and emission factor information. The inventory is used to model BC concentrations using a global atmospheric aerosol climate model, with a high-resolution grid for Asia, to better resolve the exposure of populations to elevated BC concentration. The model with even higher resolution (10 km) is used for the North China Plain. Finally, the population exposure concentrations are evaluated.
CYLD regulates spindle orientation by stabilizing astral microtubules and promoting dishevelled-NuMA-dynein/dynactin complex formation
Authors: Yang Yunfan , Liu Min , Li Dengwen , Ran Jie , Gao Jinmin , Suo Shaojun , Sun Shao-Cong , Zhou Jun 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Orientation of the mitotic spindle relative to the cell cortex is known to control the orientation of the cell division plane, thereby contributing to cell fate specification and tissue organization. The molecular mechanisms of how spindle orientation is regulated during mitosis remain poorly defined. In this paper, we demonstrate that cylindromatosis (CYLD) regulates spindle orientation via its dual functions as a microtubule-associated protein and deubiquitinase. CYLD stabilizes astral microtubules, hence ensuring microtubule extension to the cell cortex and interaction with cortical sites. The deubiquitinase activity of CYLD, however, catalyzes the removal of the polyubiquitin chain from dishevelled and thereby promotes the dishevelled-NuMA-dynein/dynactin complex formation at the cell cortex, a requirement for generating pulling forces on astral microtubules.
Neutralizing antibodies can initiate genome release from human enterovirus 71
Authors: Plevka Pavel , Lim Pei-Yin , Perera Rushika , Cardosa Jane , Suksatu Ampa , Kuhn Richard J. , Rossmann Michael G. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes yearly outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Southeast Asian countries including China and Malaysia. Some of the infected children develop encephalitis that can be fatal or result in permanent brain damage. There are no anti-EV71 therapeutic agents available. Here it is shown that an antibody that had been generated by using an immature EV71 virus as an antigen induced the release of genome from EV71 virions, rendering the virus noninfectious. The induction of genome release is a mechanism by which antibodies can neutralize viruses. Furthermore, the approach presented in the paper could be used to prepare antibodies with similar properties against related viruses that include significant human pathogens.
A vertebrate myosin-I structure reveals unique insights into myosin mechanochemical tuning
Authors: Shuman Henry , Greenberg Michael J. , Zwolak Adam , Lin Tianming , Sindelar Charles V. , Dominguez Roberto , Ostap E. Michael 
Published: January 2014

Significance
We report the high-resolution structure of a tension-sensing myosin-Ib. We identify a striking unique orientation of structural elements that position the motor’s lever arm. This orientation results in a cavity between the motor and lever arm that holds a 10-residue stretch of N-terminal amino acids, a region that is divergent among myosins. We show the importance of the N-terminal region of myosin in controlling the kinetics and mechanics of the motor.
OX40L blockade is therapeutic in arthritis, despite promoting osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Gwyer Findlay Emily , Danks Lynett , Madden Jodie , Cavanagh Mary M. , McNamee Kay , McCann Fiona , Snelgrove Robert J. , Shaw Stevan , Feldmann Marc , Taylor Peter Charles , Horwood Nicole J. , Hussell Tracy 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Current therapies to alleviate autoimmune conditions use global strategies that affect large compartments of the immune response. These strategies mop up the excesses of disease without slowing disease progression and carry a significant risk of infection. This article describes the selective inhibition of autoaggressive T cells with the ability to regress established arthritis and reveals an unexpected role for an immune receptor–ligand pair in bone homeostasis.
Distortion of genealogical properties when the sample is very large
Authors: Bhaskar Anand , Clark Andrew G. , Song Yun S. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Sample sizes in population genomic studies are rapidly increasing to the point where assumptions underlying analytical tools may be violated. This theoretical work examines the accuracy of a widely used probabilistic model, called the coalescent, for describing the ancestry of a sample of individuals. A method for performing exact computation of various genealogical quantities is developed here, and it is shown that the coalescent prediction of rare variants can be noticeably inaccurate when the sample is very large. A hybrid algorithm, which combines discrete- and continuous-time models, is proposed to balance the trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency.
Climate policies under wealth inequality
Authors: Vasconcelos Vítor V. , Santos Francisco C. , Pacheco Jorge M. , Levin Simon A. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
One of the greatest challenges in addressing global environmental problems such as climate change, which involves public goods and common-pool resources, is achieving cooperation among peoples. There are great disparities in wealth among nations, and this heterogeneity can make agreements much more difficult to achieve (e.g., regarding implementation of climate change mitigation). This paper incorporates wealth inequality into a public goods dilemma, including an asymmetric distribution of wealth representative of existing inequalities among nations. Without homophily (imitation of like agents), inequality actually makes cooperation easier to achieve; homophily, however, can undercut this, leading to collapse because poor agents may contribute less. Understanding such effects may enhance the ability to achieve agreements on climate change and other issues.
Vaccination of monoglycosylated hemagglutinin induces cross-strain protection against influenza virus infections
Authors: Chen Juine-Ruey , Yu Yueh-Hsiang , Tseng Yung-Chieh , Chiang Wan-Ling , Chiang Ming-Feng , Ko Yi-An , Chiu Yi-Kai , Ma Hsiu-Hua , Wu Chung-Yi , Jan Jia-Tsrong , Lin Kuo-I , Ma Che , Wong Chi-Huey 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Influenza epidemics continue to be a threat to public health, and the recent human cases of avian viruses of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia raise the possibility of a new disastrous influenza pandemic. Although an effective universal vaccine that can protect from influenza viruses from different subtypes or even both type A and B is still far from reality, our unique findings, showing that monosaccharide glycosylated HA vaccine induces broader protection against different strains, may lead to a better influenza vaccine design that does not require frequent updates and annual immunizations. This strategy may also map out a new direction for development of universal flu vaccines and be applied to vaccine design for other human viruses.
C-terminal region of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for efficient class switch recombination and gene conversion
Authors: Sabouri Somayeh , Kobayashi Maki , Begum Nasim A. , Xu Jianliang , Hirota Kouji , Honjo Tasuku 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates class switch recombination (CSR) by inducing Ig locus-specific single-strand breaks (SSBs). AID C-terminal mutants (C-mt) generate SSBs efficiently but fail to support CSR. We found that residual CSR junctions in AID C-mt were repaired predominantly by alternative end-joining repair and that the recruitment of classical nonhomologous end-joining factors such as Ku80 to the S region was reduced consistently. Conversely, the accumulation of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase1 was observed in the AID C-mt JP8Bdel. AID C-mt also showed a relative reduction in gene conversion (GC). Moreover, AID C-mt did not support synapse formation in the donor switch regions, indicating that the C-terminal region of AID is essential for efficient generation of double-strand breaks in CSR and GC and possibly for synapse formation during CSR.
Visualization of carrier dynamics in p(n)-type GaAs by scanning ultrafast electron microscopy
Authors: Cho Jongweon , Hwang Taek Yong , Zewail Ahmed H. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Dynamics of positively and negatively charged carriers at surfaces and interfaces plays a fundamental role in a myriad of phenomena, including those involved in the catalysis of chemical reactions and the efficacy of nanoscale devices. However, the visualization of such dynamics in space and time is a nontrivial task. In this contribution we report the methodology for mapping the behavior of such carriers in the semiconductor material GaAs and in two regimes of optical and electron excitation. The technique, which is capable of providing femtosecond temporal resolution and nanometer spatial resolution, has the potential of unraveling phenomena in many other materials and in relating their nature to the electronic structure of matter.
Bio-Linguistics
Authors: Givón T. 
Published: January 2014

Is human language an evolutionary adaptation? Is linguistics a natural science? These questions have bedeviled philosophers, philologists and linguists from Plato through Chomsky. Prof. Givón suggests that the answers fall naturally within an integrated study of living organisms.
In this new work, Givón points out that language operates between aspects of both complex biological design and adaptive behavior. As in biology, the whole is an adaptive compromise to competing demands. Variation is the indispensable tool of learning, change and adaptation. The contrast between innateness and input-driven emergence is an interaction between genetically-coded and behaviorally-coded experience.
In enlarging the cross-disciplinary domain, the book examines the parallels between language evolution and language diachrony. Sociality, cooperation and communication are shown to be rooted in a common evolutionary source, the kin-based hunting-and-gathering society of intimates.
The book pays homage to the late Joseph Greenberg and his visionary integration of functional motivation, typological diversity and diachronic change.
Transcribing Talk and Interaction
Authors: Jenks Christopher 
Published: January 2014

Interest in transcript-based research has grown significantly in recent years. Alongside this growth has been an increase in awareness of the empirical utility of naturalistic research on language use in interaction. However, a quick scan of the literature reveals that very few transcription books have been published in the past three decades. This is an astonishing fact given that there are perhaps hundreds of books published on spoken discourse analysis. This book aims to narrow this gap by providing an introduction to the theories and practices related to transcribing communication data. The book is intended for students with little to no knowledge of transcription work and/or instructors responsible for teaching introductory courses on transcript-based research. Readers who are learning or teaching discourse/conversation analysis or similar analytic methods of investigation will find this book particularly helpful.
Christopher Jenks has many years of experience teaching transcription work and analysis of communication data to postgraduate students and researchers. In addition to running workshops and giving presentations on similar topics at universities around the world, he has published widely in top international journals and has numerous other forthcoming publications.
Comparative Indo-European Linguistics
Authors: Beekes Robert S.P. 
Published: January 2014

This book gives a comprehensive introduction to Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. It starts with a presentation of the languages of the family (from English and the other Germanic languages, the Celtic and Slavic languages, Latin, Greek and Sanskrit through Armenian and Albanian) and a discussion of the culture and origin of the Indo-Europeans, the speakers of the Indo-European proto-language.
The reader is introduced into the nature of language change and the methods of reconstruction of older language stages, with many examples (from the Indo-European languages). A full description is given of the sound changes, which makes it possible to follow the origin of the different Indo-European languages step by step. This is followed by a discussion of the development of all the morphological categories of Proto-Indo-European.
The book presents the latest in scholarly insights, like the laryngeal and glottalic theory, the accentuation, the ablaut patterns, and these are systematically integrated into the treatment.
The text of this second edition has been corrected and updated by Michiel de Vaan. Sixty-six new exercises enable the student to practice the reconstruction of PIE phonology and morphology.
Nonverbal Communication across Disciplines
Authors: Poyatos Fernando 
Published: January 2014

Paralanguage and kinesics define the tripartite nature of speech. Volume 2 builds on Poyatos’ book Paralanguage (1993) – reviewed by Mary Key as “the most amplified description of paralanguage available today”. It covers our basic voice components; the many normal or abnormal voice types; the communicative uses of physiological and emotional reactions like laughter, crying, sighing, coughing, sneezing, etc.; and word-like utterances beyond the official dictionary. Kinesics is viewed from interactive, intercultural and cross-cultural, and literary perspectives, with much needed research principles for the realistic study of gestures, manners and postures in their intersystemic links. Applications are given in the social or clinical sciences, intercultural communication, literature, painting, theater and cinema, etc. Related to both paralanguage and kinesics are the many eloquent sounds produced bodily, by manipulated objects and by the environment. A discussion of silence and stillness as opposed to sound and movement and related to darkness and light, shows their true interactive status, coding, functions, qualifiers, intersystemic co-structurations, positive and negative functions, and cross-cultural attitudes toward silence. The first two volumes are then brought together in a detailed model for studying our interactions with people and the environment, including certain emitting and transmitting congenital or traumatic limitations.
1608 quotations from 133 authors and 216 works vividly illustrate all topics.
Meister Eckhart
Authors: Mojsisch Burkhard 
Published: January 2014

The thought of Meister Eckhart — the Dominican theologian, the preacher, the master of language, the mystic — exudes a remarkable fascination on the modern mind, not the least due to its characteristic interplay of scholastic-academic and vernacular terminology. This volume presents the only book-length study in English of Meister Eckhart the philosopher within the tradition in which his thought is embedded and from which it draws its authority. It shows that even as Eckhart may be justly regarded as a medieval precursor of a modern philosophy of subjectivity, the novelty and continuity of his thought can only be understood in its relation to that of Albert the Great, Aristotle, Dionysius Pseudo-Areopagita, the Liber de causis and the Neoplatonic heritage, Theodoric of Freiberg and Thomas Aquinas as well as Eckhart of Gründig, Jakob of Metz and Johannes Picardi of Lichtenberg. At its center lies the return of the soul, through its detachment from everything corporeal, manifold and temporal, into its ground or spark — into that “something” in the soul where, according to Eckhart, “the ground of God is my ground and my ground is God’s ground”. The present translation not only revises the German-language original to take account of recent debates in Eckhart-scholarship, it moreover makes accessible to the non-specialist all Latin and Middle High German material, much of it previously not available in any translation at all.
Meister Eckhart: Dominikanischer Theologe, Prediger, Sprachgenie, Mystiker — sein Denken fasziniert den modernen Menschen nicht zuletzt wegen der einprägsamen Wechselwirkung von scholastisch-akademischer Terminologie und deutscher Mundart. Der vorliegende Band ist die einzige englischsprachige Monographie über Meister Eckhart als Philosophen, die ihn im Zusammenhang der ihn maîgeblich bedingenden philosophischen Tradition interpretiert. Auch wenn Eckhart zurecht als Vordenker der modernen Subjektivität gilt, kann man ihn nur im bezug auf Albert den Groîen, Aristoteles, Dionysius Pseudo-Areopagita, den Liber de causis und die neuplatonische Tradition, Dietrich von Freiberg und Thomas von Aquin sowie Eckhart von Gründig, Jakob von Metz und Johannes Picardi von Lichtenberg adäquat verstehen. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Studie steht die Rückkehr der Seele — durch ihre Abgeschiedenheit vom Körperlichen, vom Mannigfaltigen und vom Zeitlichen — in ihren Grund bzw. in den Funken der Seele, wo nach Eckhart “gotes grunt mîn grunt und mîn grunt gotes grunt” ist. Der vorliegende Band revidiert nicht nur die deutschsprachige Original-Studie im Hinblick auf Debatten in der neueren Eckhart-Forschung: Auch dem Nicht-Spezialisten werden sämtliche lateinische und mittelhochdeutsche Quellen durch die Übersetzung ins Englische zugänglich gemacht.