bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in acute coronary syndromes complicated by cardiogenic shock
Authors: Esper Stephen A. , Bermudez Christian , Dueweke Eric J. , Kormos Robert , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Mulukutla Suresh , Sappington Penny , Waters Jonathan , Khandhar Sameer J. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) complicated by shock is associated with high mortality despite the use of percutaneous support devices. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) offers cardiopulmonary support but its safety and efficacy in the ACS setting is still under investigation.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical characteristics and course of 18 consecutive patients who received femoral veno‐arterial ECMO in the cardiac catheterization lab for severe shock due to ACS at our center between 2007 and 2013.ResultsThe average age was 59.9 years, 72.2% male. Of the 18 patients, 83% had a ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, of which 55% had a left main or left anterior descending artery occlusion. Thirteen patients received stents, three were referred for coronary artery bypass grafting alone, and two received balloon angioplasty. All patients received aspirin, a thienopyridine (either clopidogrel or ticagrelor), and heparin. Five patients received a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor during the catheterization. The average length of ECMO was 3.2 ± 2.5 days, length of stay was 23.4 days, and 67% survived to discharge. Seventeen of eighteen patients (94%) required at least one blood transfusion and use of blood products was significantly higher in the group receiving glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors [19 U of packed red blood cells (PRBC) vs. 8.2 U (P = 0.003)].ConclusionsIn patients with severe shock or refractory ventricular arrhythmias due to ACS, VA‐ECMO likely offers an alternative form of biventricular support albeit with significant resource utilization and morbidity. A better understanding of how to manage patients with ACS requiring VA‐ECMO support including the associated morbidities such as bleeding is necessary. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 10‐month angiographic and 4‐year clinical outcome of everolimus‐eluting versus sirolimus‐eluting coronary stents in patients with diabetes mellitus (the diabedES IV randomized angiography trial)
Authors: Maeng Michael , Baranauskas Arvydas , Christiansen Evald Høj , Kaltoft Anne , Holm Niels Ramsing , Krusell Lars Romer , Ravkilde Jan , Tilsted Hans‐Henrik , Thayssen Per , Jensen Lisette Okkels 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare angiographic and clinical outcomes after the implantation of everolimus‐eluting (EES) and sirolimus‐eluting (SES) stents in patients with diabetes.BackgroundThere are limited data on long‐term outcome after EES vs SES implantation in diabetic patients.MethodsWe randomized 213 patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease to EES (n = 108) or SES (n = 105) implantation. Angiographic follow‐up was performed 10 months after the index procedure and all patients were followed clinically for 4 years. The primary endpoint was angiographic in‐stent late luminal loss at 10‐month follow‐up. Secondary endpoints included angiographic restenosis rate, the need for target lesion revascularization (TLR) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE; defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, or TLR) at 4‐year follow‐up.ResultsAt 10‐month angiographic follow‐up, in‐stent late lumen loss was 0.20 ± 0.53 mm and 0.11 ± 0.49 mm (P = 0.28), and angiographic restenosis rate was 3.8% and 5.2% (P = 0.72) in the EES and SES groups, respectively. At 4‐year clinical follow‐up, MACE had occurred in 22 (20.4%) patients in the EES group and 25 (23.8%) patients in SES group (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.47–1.49; P = 0.55), with TLR performed in 6 (5.6%) and 10 (9.5%) patients in the two groups (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.21‐1‐58; P = 0.28).ConclusionEES and SES had comparable 10‐month angiographic and 4‐year clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substrate Requirements for Palladium–Aluminium Triflate Co‐catalysed Hydromethoxycarbonylation Reactions of Alkynes Bearing Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Makume Boitumelo F. , Bredenkamp Tyler , Williams D. Bradley G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 10/2014 is provided by a joint project between the University of Johannesburg and the Victoria University of Wellington. The image captures the detective work of chemists to reveal key features of chemical transformations, in this case the role of the distance between the oxygen atom and the alkyne and how this determines catalyst activity. See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402525.
Improving Oxygen Electrochemistry through Nanoscopic Confinement
Authors: Doyle Andrew D. , Montoya Joseph H. , Vojvodic Aleksandra 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOxygen evolution and reduction offer a promising method of grid‐level energy storage that could facilitate widespread adaptation of solar and wind power. However, the efficiency of these technologies is fundamentally limited by high overpotentials, which stem from correlations between adsorption energies of different reaction intermediates. We propose a scheme to circumvent these scaling relationships by defining a three‐dimensional nanoscopic catalyst structure that capitalizes on different interactions between the intermediates and the catalyst owing to confinement. These nanoscopic channels reduce the theoretical overpotential for oxygen evolution on RuO2 by over 200 mV, corresponding to a 10 % increase in theoretical catalyst efficiency compared with a two‐dimensional RuO2 surface. This approach may hold promise for other oxygen‐evolution catalysts or, more broadly, to other reactions limited by (intermediate) adsorption‐energy scaling relationships.
V2O5 Aerogel as a Versatile Cathode Material for Lithium and Sodium Batteries
Authors: Moretti Arianna , Maroni Fabio , Osada Irene , Nobili Francesco , Passerini Stefano 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVanadium oxide gels are appealing cathode materials as they offer multiple electron redox processes leading to high cation‐storage capacities. Moreover, they are able to intercalate different ionic and molecular species. Apart from low electronic conductivity, one of the main factors hindering the use of highly porous V2O5 gels is the difficulty in preserving their unique morphology, made up of an entangled network of thin ribbons, during conventional laminated electrode preparation. In this study, we tune the V2O5 synthesis conditions and use an innovative and green binder system (polyacrylic acid and ethanol) to obtain electrodes with a morphology optimized for ion intercalation. The electrochemical performance of such electrodes, tested against lithium and sodium anodes, are shown to be excellent.
A Carbon Nanotube Confinement Strategy to Implement Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis in the Solid Phase
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuki , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA readily recyclable asymmetric catalyst has been developed based on the self‐assembly of a homogeneous catalyst in a fibrous network of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Dimerization of an amide‐based chiral ligand with a suitable spacer allows for the efficient formation of a heterogeneous catalyst by self‐assembly on addition of Er(OiPr)3. The self‐assembly proceeds in the MWNT fibrous network and small clusters of assembled catalyst are confined in the MWNTs, producing an easily handled solid‐phase catalyst. The resulting MWNT‐confined catalyst exhibits a good catalytic performance in a catalytic asymmetric Mannich‐type reaction, which can be conducted in a repeated batch system and in a continuous‐flow platform.
Efficient Preparation of (R)‐2‐chloromandelic Acid Via a Recycle Process of Resolution
Authors: Hu Yu , Wu Chang , Wu Xue‐Ying , Li Shao‐Lei , Sun Xiao‐Xia , Tang Ze‐Biao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEfficient preparation of (R)‐2‐chloromandelic acid (R)-1 based on a recycle process of resolution is described. In the process, the desired (R)-1 was obtained by coordination‐mediated resolution with D‐O,O'‐di‐(p‐toluoyl)‐tartaric acid in the presence of Ca2+. Meanwhile, the undesired (S)-1 could be racemized in the presence of sodium hydroxide and the product was suitable for further resolution. A carbanion mechanism for the racemization of (S)-1 is proposed. Chirality 27:281–285, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stroke and Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation: Navigating the Alphabet Soup of Risk‐Score Acronyms (CHADS2, CHA2DS2‐VASc, R2CHADS2, HAS‐BLED, ATRIA, and More)
Authors: Dzeshka Mikhail S. , Lane Deirdre A. , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractStroke prevention is central to the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). As effective stroke prophylaxis essentially requires oral anticoagulants, an understanding of the risks and benefits of oral anticoagulant therapy is needed. Although AF increases stroke risk 5‐fold, this risk is not homogeneous. Many stroke risk factors also confer an increased risk of bleeding. Various stroke and bleeding risk‐stratification schemes have been developed to help inform clinical decision‐making. These scores were derived and validated in different study cohorts, ranging from highly selected clinical‐trial cohorts to real‐world populations. Thus, their performance and classification accuracy vary depending on their derivation cohort(s). In the present review, we provide an overview of currently available stroke and bleeding risk‐stratification schemes. We particularly focus on the CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED schemes, as these are recommended by the latest European guidelines on AF management. Other risk‐stratification schemes (eg, CHADS2, R2CHADS2, ATRIA, HEMORR2HAGES, QStroke) and their place in the decision‐making are also considered.
Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab as Add‐on Therapy in High–Cardiovascular‐Risk Patients With Hypercholesterolemia Not Adequately Controlled With Atorvastatin (20 or 40 mg) or Rosuvastatin (10 or 20 mg): Design and Rationale of the ODYSSEY OPTIONS Studies
Authors: Robinson Jennifer G. , Colhoun Helen M. , Bays Harold E. , Jones Peter H. , Du Yunling , Hanotin Corinne , Donahue Stephen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe phase 3 ODYSSEY OPTIONS studies (OPTIONS I, NCT01730040; OPTIONS II, NCT01730053) are multicenter, multinational, randomized, double‐blind, active‐comparator, 24‐week studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, as add‐on therapy in ∼ 650 high‐cardiovascular (CV)‐risk patients whose low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels are ≥100 mg/dL or ≥70 mg/dL according to the CV‐risk category, high and very high CV risk, respectively, with atorvastatin (20–40 mg/d) or rosuvastatin (10–20 mg/d). Patients are randomized to receive alirocumab 75 mg via a single, subcutaneous, 1‐mL injection by prefilled pen every 2 weeks (Q2W) as add‐on therapy to atorvastatin (20–40 mg) or rosuvastatin (10–20 mg); or to receive ezetimibe 10 mg/d as add‐on therapy to statin; or to receive statin up‐titration; or to switch from atorvastatin to rosuvastatin (OPTIONS I only). At week 12, based on week 8 LDL‐C levels, the alirocumab dose may be increased from 75 mg to 150 mg Q2W if LDL‐C levels remain ≥100 mg/dL or ≥70 mg/dL in patients with high or very high CV risk, respectively. The primary efficacy endpoint in both studies is difference in percent change in calculated LDL‐C from baseline to week 24 in the alirocumab vs control arms. The studies may provide guidance to inform clinical decision‐making when patients with CV risk require additional lipid‐lowering therapy to further reduce LDL‐C levels. The flexibility of the alirocumab dosing regimen allows for individualized therapy based on the degree of LDL‐C reduction required to achieve the desired LDL‐C level.
Hypertensive mechanisms and converting enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Ferrario Carlos M. , Jaiswal Neelam , Yamamoto Katsuhiro , Diz Debra I. , Schiavone Marc T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe introduction of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors marks a new era in the understanding and treatment of high blood pressure. Although the benefits of therapy with ACE inhibitors are documented, it is more difficult to isolate the principal mechanisms that account for their effective actions in the treatment of hypertension. Recent data suggest that these agents affect both the pressor and depressor mechanisms that regulate vascular tone and cardiac function. For example, ACE inhibitors decrease angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction, reduce adrenal medullary catecholamine release, restore baroreceptor activity, and normalize vasomotor sympathetic activity. Experimental work indicates that ACE inhibitors also act on hypertensive mechanisms via actions on the central nervous system. Cardiovascular centers in the brain have receptor sites for angiotensin II and contain the proteins required for local synthesis of angiotensins. Vasomotor neurons possess such receptors and exhibit ACE activity. In addition, angiotensin II receptors involved in the regulation of baroreceptor activity are present in neuronal elements of the baroreflex arc. It is suggested that ACE inhibitors reach the brain via circumventricular organs to reduce sympathetic activity and enhance baroreceptor sensitivity. New studies suggest that depressor actions of ACE inhibitors include enhanced biosynthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins. From animal experiments it is deduced that enhanced production of angiotensin‐(1–7) after inhibition of ACE stimulates release of vasodilator prostaglandins. These investigations clarify the function of tissue renin‐angiotensin systems in the control of blood pressure in both normal and hypertensive states.
Debye Sources, Beltrami Fields, and a Complex Structure on Maxwell Fields
Authors: Epstein Charles L. , Greengard Leslie , O'Neil Michael 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Debye source representation for solutions to the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations is extended to bounded domains with finitely many smooth boundary components. A strong uniqueness result is proved for this representation. Natural complex structures are identified on the vector spaces of time‐harmonic Maxwell fields. It is shown that these complex structures are uniformized by the Debye source representation, that is, represented by a fixed linear map on a fixed vector space, independent of the frequency. This complex structure relates time‐harmonic Maxwell fields to constant‐k Beltrami fields, i.e., solutions of the equation

urn:x-wiley:00103640:media:cpa21560:cpa21560-math-0001

A family of self‐adjoint boundary conditions are defined for the Beltrami operator. This leads to a proof of the existence of zero‐flux, constant‐k, force‐free Beltrami fields for any bounded region in ℝ3, as well as a constructive method to find them. The family of self‐adjoint boundary value problems defines a new spectral invariant for bounded domains in ℝ3.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Approach to NMR Assignment of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Authors: Goradia Nishit , Wiedemann Christoph , Herbst Christian , Görlach Matthias , Heinemann Stefan H. , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Ramachandran Ramadurai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn efficient approach to NMR assignments in intrinsically disordered proteins is presented, making use of the good dispersion of cross peaks observed in [15N,13C′]‐ and [13C′,1HN]‐correlation spectra. The method involves the simultaneous collection of {3D (H)NCO(CAN)H and 3D (HACA)CON(CA)HA} spectra for backbone assignments via sequential HN and Hα correlations and {3D (H)NCO(CACS)HS and 3D (HS)CS(CA)CO(N)H} spectra for side‐chain 1H and 13C assignments, employing sequential 1H data acquisitions with direct detection of both the amide and aliphatic protons. The efficacy of the approach for obtaining resonance assignments with complete backbone and side‐chain chemical shifts is demonstrated experimentally for the 61‐residue [13C,15N]‐labelled peptide of a voltage‐gated potassium channel protein of the Kv1.4 channel subunit. The general applicability of the approach for the characterisation of moderately sized globular proteins is also demonstrated.
Palladium–Gold Alloy Nanowire‐Structured Interface for Hydrogen Sensing
Authors: Tang Lili , Yu Gang , Li Xiaogan , Chang Fangfang , Zhong Chuan‐Jian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how the detailed nanoscale structure governs the interfacial interactions and reactivities is key to the exploration of nanostructured chemical sensors. We describe herein novel findings of an investigation of a palladium–gold alloy nanowire interface for hydrogen sensing. A dielectrophoretic growth pathway was utilized for controllable fabrication of the alloyed nanowires with minimum branching structures on a microelectrode device using controlled ratios of palladium and gold precursors in a two‐step mechanism, a nucleation process initiated at a lower alternating current (AC) frequency followed by a growth process at a higher frequency up to 15 MHz. The nanowires showed a reduced branching propensity and highly oriented 1D feature, with the bimetallic composition scaling linearly with the frequency. The nanowires exhibited excellent responses to hydrogen in concentrations as low as 0.5 % by volume. The hydrogen‐response characteristic represents an optimized balance of the gold‐induced lattice expansion of palladium and hydrogen adsorption‐induced phase and stress changes, a new insight into the sensing mechanism of the alloy nanowire. The mechanistic sensing details are also discussed in correlation with the growth mechanism, which provides a new insight into the synergy of the bimetallic composition of the alloy nanowires for the enhanced sensitivity for the detection of hydrogen.
Severe gastric dilatation due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Mascolo Margherita , Dee Elizabeth , Townsend Ronald , Brinton John T. , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTForty‐seven year old female, with a history of anorexia nervosa, was admitted to a medical stabilization unit (ACUTE) complaining of abdominal pain exacerbated by oral intake, associated with nausea, and relieved by emesis. Admission body mass index was 10.6. Labs were notable for hepatitis and hypoglycemia. On her progressive oral refeeding plan, she suddenly developed severe abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed gastric dilatation and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome. SMA syndrome is a rare complication of severe malnutrition resulting from compression of the duodenum between the aorta and the SMA. It is diagnosed by an upper gastrointestinal series or an abdominal CT. Gastric dilatation, in turn, is a rare complication of SMA syndrome to be included in the differential diagnoses of abdominal pain in severely malnourished patients as it is potentially life‐threatening. The patient was switched to an oral liquid diet, began weight restoring, and had resolution of symptoms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:532–534)
Limnological regime shifts caused by climate warming and Lesser Snow Goose population expansion in the western Hudson Bay Lowlands (Manitoba, Canada)
Authors: MacDonald Lauren A. , Farquharson Nicole , Merritt Gillian , Fooks Sam , Medeiros Andrew S. , Hall Roland I. , Wolfe Brent B. , Macrae Merrin L. , Sweetman Jon N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractShallow lakes are dominant features in subarctic and Arctic landscapes and are responsive to multiple stressors, which can lead to rapid changes in limnological regimes with consequences for aquatic resources. We address this theme in the coastal tundra region of Wapusk National Park, western Hudson Bay Lowlands (Canada), where climate has warmed during the past century and the Lesser Snow Goose (LSG; Chen caerulescens caerulescens) population has grown rapidly during the past ~40 years. Integration of limnological and paleolimnological analyses documents profound responses of productivity, nutrient cycling, and aquatic habitat to warming at three ponds (“WAP 12”, “WAP 20”, and “WAP 21″), and to LSG disturbance at the two ponds located in an active nesting area (WAP 20, WAP 21). Based on multiparameter analysis of 210Pb‐dated sediment records from all three ponds, a regime shift occurred between 1875 and 1900 CE marked by a transition from low productivity, turbid, and nutrient‐poor conditions of the Little Ice Age to conditions of higher productivity, lower nitrogen availability, and the development of benthic biofilm habitat as a result of climate warming. Beginning in the mid‐1970s, sediment records from WAP 20 and WAP 21 reveal a second regime shift characterized by accelerated productivity and increased nitrogen availability. Coupled with 3 years of limnological data, results suggest that increased productivity at WAP 20 and WAP 21 led to atmospheric CO2 invasion to meet algal photosynthetic demand. This limnological regime shift is attributed to an increase in the supply of catchment‐derived nutrients from the arrival of LSG and their subsequent disturbance to the landscape. Collectively, findings discriminate the consequences of warming and LSG disturbance on tundra ponds from which we identify a suite of sensitive limnological and paleolimnological measures that can be utilized to inform aquatic ecosystem monitoring.
Parasitism and the expression of sexual dimorphism
Authors: De Lisle Stephen P. , Rowe Locke 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlthough a negative covariance between parasite load and sexually selected trait expression is a requirement of few sexual selection models, such a covariance may be a general result of life‐history allocation trade‐offs. If both allocation to sexually selected traits and to somatic maintenance (immunocompetence) are condition dependent, then in populations where individuals vary in condition, a positive covariance between trait expression and immunocompetence, and thus a negative covariance between trait and parasite load, is expected. We test the prediction that parasite load is generally related to the expression of sexual dimorphism across two breeding seasons in a wild salamander population and show that males have higher trematode parasite loads for their body size than females and that a key sexually selected trait covaries negatively with parasite load in males. We found evidence of a weaker negative relationship between the analogous female trait and parasite infection. These results underscore that parasite infection may covary with expression of sexually selected traits, both within and among species, regardless of the model of sexual selection, and also suggest that the evolution of condition dependence in males may affect the evolution of female trait expression.
Molecular Conductors
Authors: Ouahab Lahcène , Mori Takehiko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn overview of the papers in this cluster issue is presented.
“We are delighted to present this Cluster Issue on “Molecular Conductors.” This research field dates back to the discovery of an organic charge‐transfer complex by Akamatsu, Inokuchi, and Matsunaga in 1954, followed by the discovery of an organic superconductor by Jérome and Bechgaard in 1970...”