bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone quality assessment in routine dental implant treatment amongBrazilian andSwedish specialists
Authors: Lindh Christina , Oliveira Guilherme Henrique C. , Leles Cláudio R. , do Carmo Matias Freire Maria , Ribeiro‐Rotta Rejane F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the interpretation and assessment of bone quality amongBrazilian andSwedish specialist performing implant treatment.Material and methodsA questionnaire was developed containing open and closed questions on attitudes, knowledge, and understanding of diagnostic methods for bone quality assessment. The questionnaire was sent by mail to dental implant specialists inBrazil while theSwedish version wasWeb‐based and sent to specialists in periodontology and maxillofacial surgery. The response rate in theBrazilian group was 15.4% and in theSwedish group 36.5%.ResultsMost respondents in both groups considered bone quality to be an important parameter for implant treatment outcome. Among Swedish specialists, bone quality, however, was considered to be of low relevance. The most popular method for assessing bone quality among Swedish specialists was the hand‐felt perception of drilling resistance followed by radiography. TheBrazilian specialists more often used peak insertion torque. Most respondents classified bone quality, and both groups used the classification proposed by Lekholm & Zarb (Tissue‐Integratedprosthesis: Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry, 1985, Quintessence, Chicago) most frequently.ConclusionSpecialists in both countries considered bone quality to be an important parameter for implant treatment outcome, but there was no consensus neither on what bone quality means nor on how to assess bone quality.
The European Union as a Global Producer of Transnational Law of Risk Regulation: A Case Study on Chemical Regulation
Authors: de Morpurgo Marco 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the role of the EU in the global production of transnational law of risk regulation (TNLRR). TNLRR is defined as a harmonious, cross‐jurisdictional regulatory environment that results from the circulation of risk regulatory models among jurisdictions. The EU has adopted extensive regulation to address health, safety, environmental and other risks. In many instances, third countries have adopted the EU models when regulating their own industries and markets. This paper argues that this pattern of circulation turns the EU regulatory models into transnational models for risk regulation (TNLRR), and further illustrates this thesis by using a case study on the global circulation of the EU ‘REACH’ Regulation. The paper preliminarily concludes that the EU has been able to influence risk regulatory policy worldwide by turning its own regulatory models into transnational models, thus acting as a global producer of TNLRR.
Intraguild predation between spawning smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and nest‐raiding crayfish (Orconectes rusticus): implications for bass nesting success
Authors: Baldridge Ashley K. , Lodge David M. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Predation on eggs is often assumed to be a primary factor influencing the reproductive success of fish. However, complex interactions between nesting fish and their egg predators may influence reproductive success in unexpected ways. The invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) engage in reciprocal predation during the bass spawning season; the net impact on bass reproduction is poorly understood. We hypothesise that the rates of nest abandonment and bass guarding behaviour will be positively related to crayfish abundance and that bass consumption of crayfish will mitigate energy loss due to nest guarding against crayfish.

We tracked 62 bass nests throughout a spawning season in a north temperate lake with an established population of O. rusticus. Using video surveillance, we observed bass nest‐guarding behaviour and crayfish predation on bass nests, reconstructed bass diets using faecal remains and made repeated measurements of mass and length for a subset of the parental bass.

Results were consistent with all hypotheses. Nest abandonment rate and guarding activity were higher in areas with higher crayfish density. More than 95% of bass consumed crayfish while on the nest and bass condition factor increased during nesting, suggesting that energy consumed exceeded energy expended in defending the nest.

The lakewide rate of smallmouth bass nest abandonment was 13%, which is lower than most published observations for this species. While high densities of nest‐raiding crayfish can reduce nesting success, our limited observations indicate that consumption of crayfish may mitigate rates of nest abandonment by bass. Unexpected outcomes of complex interactions, such as reciprocal predation, should be considered when predicting population trajectories of native and invasive species.
Is there any interaction of resistin and adiponectin levels with protein‐energy wasting among patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kaynar Kubra , Kural Birgul V. , Ulusoy Sukru , Cansiz Muammer , Akcan Buket , Misir Nuray , Yaman Selcuk , Kaya Nuh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adipocytokines including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, neuropeptide Y and ghrelin in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on appearance of protein‐energy wasting (PEW). One hundred fifty patients with mean age of 45.4 ± 15.9 years, without active infections or chronic inflammatory conditions were recruited into the study. Study groups were control group (consisting of 30 healthy volunteers with normal kidney functions), hemodialysis group, predialysis group, peritoneal dialysis group and kidney transplant group. Fasting morning serum leptin, ghrelin, acylated ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, adiponectin, resistin levels of all of the groups were measured. Anthropometric and nutritional assessments of all patients were obtained. Diagnosis of PEW was made according to definition recommended by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Presence of PEW in hemodialysis (23.3%) and peritoneal dialysis (26.7%) groups were significantly higher than those of predialysis (3.3%), and transplantation (0%) groups. Adiponectin and resistin levels in predialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than control group (p: 0.0001). This study had given significant positive correlations between presence of PEW and serum resistin (r: 0.267, p: 0.001), and serum adiponectin levels (r: 0.349, p: 0.0001). There were no relationship between presence of PEW and ghrelin, acylated‐ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, and leptin levels of the groups. CKD patients except transplant patients had higher adiponectin and resistin levels than control group. PEW was found to be linearly correlated with resistin and adiponectin. High serum resistin and adiponectin levels might have a role in development of PEW among dialysis patients.
Ethical implications of home telecare for older people: a framework derived from a multisited participative study
Authors: Mort Maggie , Roberts Celia , Pols Jeannette , Domenech Miquel , Moser Ingunn ,   The EFORTT investigators
Published: August 2013

AbstractContextTelecare and telehealth developments have recently attracted much attention in research and service development contexts, where their evaluation has predominantly concerned effectiveness and efficiency. Their social and ethical implications, in contrast, have received little scrutiny.ObjectiveTo develop an ethical framework for telecare systems based on analysis of observations of telecare‐in‐use and citizens’ panel deliberations.DesignEthnographic study (observation, work shadowing), interviews, older citizens’ panels and a participative conference.SettingParticipants’ homes, workplaces and familiar community venues in England, Spain, the Netherlands and Norway 2008–2011.ResultsOlder respondents expressed concerns that telecare might be used to replace face‐to‐face/hands‐on care to cut costs. Citizens’ panels strongly advocated ethical and social questions being considered in tandem with technical and policy developments. Older people are too often excluded from telecare system design, and installation is often wrongly seen as a one‐off event. Some systems enhance self‐care by increasing self‐awareness, while others shift agency away from the older person, introducing new forms of dependency.ConclusionsTelecare has care limitations; it is not a solution, but a shift in networks of relations and responsibilities. Telecare cannot be meaningfully evaluated as an entity, but rather in the situated relations people and technologies create together. Characteristics of ethical telecare include on‐going user/carer engagement in decision making about systems: in‐home system evolution with feedback opportunities built into implementation. System design should be horizontal, ‘two‐way’/interactive rather than vertical or ‘one‐way’. An ethical framework for telecare has been developed from these conclusions (Table 1).
Experience with low‐dose rituximab in off‐label indications at two tertiary hospitals
Authors: Chay J. , Donovan P. , Cummins L. , Kubler P. , Pillans P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundRituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against B cells and is increasingly used to treat a variety of autoimmune conditions. Most published evidence reporting the successful use of rituximab in off‐label indications has empirically used a high‐dose regimen (either 375 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks, or 1000 mg × 2), which is the approved course of treatment for lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis patients.AimsThe aims of this report are to review the indications, outcomes and adverse events of low‐dose (500 mg twice, given 1–2 weeks apart), off‐label use of rituximab in our institutions, and to review the available evidence.MethodsWe performed a retrospective audit of the off‐label use of low‐dose rituximab at two university teaching, tertiary referral hospitals, from mid‐2008 until the end of 2011.ResultsOff‐label rituximab was given to 52 patients (53 indications) across a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions. Outcomes were known for 46 conditions (affecting 45 patients), and of these, complete responses were observed in 16 (35%) conditions and a further 19 (41%) had a partial response. There was no response to rituximab in 11 (24%) patients. There were eight significant adverse events, mostly related to infectious complications.ConclusionThis case series suggests that low‐dose courses of rituximab can be used off‐label to treat several severe and/or refractory immunological disorders with a reasonable safety profile; however, further trials are required in many off‐label indications.
Inpatient palliative care consultation for patients with glioblastoma in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Lin E. , Rosenthal M. A. , Eastman P. , Le B. H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an uncommon disease with significant mortality and morbidity, but there is a lack of published evidence on palliative care involvement with this population. This audit highlights the heavy symptom burden, extensive allied health involvement and discharge outcomes of GBM inpatients referred to the palliative care service at The Royal Melbourne Hospital. This information can provide an important framework for further research and also supports the role of multidisciplinary palliative care in the care of patients with GBM.
How Do We Know Truth? Extensions and Examples From Similar Academic Fields
Authors: Bennett Andrew A. , Miao Chao 
Published: August 2013

“What is truth? said jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer”—Francis Bacon (1601/1942, p. 3)In their focal article, Kepes and McDaniel (2013) provide recommendations to improve the trustworthiness and accuracy of scientific literature in industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology. These recommendations include frequent examples from the medical field and suggest that I–O psychology should emulate these methods. However, funding, political, and cultural norms are significantly different between these fields. For example, external grants that supplement medical funding focus on how the research can be effectively put into practice (Briner & Rousseau, 2011). This commentary extends the focal article's recommendations by providing potential first steps in an incremental change process toward the ideas discussed by Kepes and McDaniel. We emphasize research designs that can improve causal knowledge and expand two recommendations from the focal article: creating research registries and replicating studies. In doing so, we aim to make suggestions that are more applicable by only providing examples and implementation ideas from other psychology and organizational science disciplines.
Composition Inhomogeneity due to Alkaline Volatilization in Li‐Modified (K,Na)NbO3 Lead‐Free Piezoceramics
Authors: Cheng Li‐Qian , Wang Ke , Yao Fang‐Zhou , Zhu Fangyuan , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: August 2013

Alkaline volatilization during sintering in (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based lead‐free piezoceramics is a problem that causes non‐stoichiometry and hence affects the phase structures and properties. This work investigated the depth‐dependent distributions of alkaline elements in Li‐modified KNN ceramics using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that Li evaporated more severely than Na and K, consequently almost no Li elements remained on the as‐sintered surface, while its content became stable at the depth over 55 μm from the outmost surface. In addition, X‐ray diffraction results suggested the phase structure might show discrepancy at the pellet surface and the interior part due to the textured surface grains.
Maternal trait personality and breastfeeding duration: the importance of confidence and social support
Authors: Brown Amy 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimTo explore associations among breastfeeding duration, maternal personality and maternal attitudes and experiences of breastfeeding.BackgroundUnderstanding influences on breastfeeding initiation and duration is critical to increasing breastfeeding rates and supporting new mothers. Maternal characteristics such as self‐efficacy, knowledge and confidence are known to enable women to breastfeed, but little is known about the influence of maternal trait personality on breastfeeding.DesignAn exploratory cross‐sectional survey.MethodA total of 602 mothers with an infant aged 6–12 months old completed a self‐report questionnaire examining maternal trait personality, breastfeeding duration and attitudes and experiences of breastfeeding. Data were collected between March–June 2009.ResultsMothers who reported high levels of extraversion, emotional stability and conscientiousness were significantly more likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding for a longer duration. Attitudes and experiences significantly associated with these personality traits such as perceived difficulties and lack of support may explain these patterns. For example, characteristics associated with introversion and anxiety may prevent women from seeking support or challenging negative attitudes of others at this critical time.ConclusionUnderstanding the influence of maternal personality may thus be a useful tool in antenatal support to recognize women who may need extra, directed support while facilitating discussion of potential barriers to breastfeeding.
Moving education into the digital age: the contribution of teachers' professional development
Authors: Twining P. , Raffaghelli J. , Albion P. , Knezek D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article introduces the main outcomes of discussions at EDUsummIT 2011 by the specific Technical Working Group on Teacher Professional Development (TWG3). The focus was to explore how professional development of teachers may ensure that teachers are better prepared to use information and communication technology (ICT) to promote 21st century learning. The article is organized into three main sections: a review of key literature on professional development of teachers (TPD), in general and with specific reference to ICT; a summary of the key points emerging from TWG3's discussions; and recommendations for action.On the basis of discussions held within the TWG3, the authors concluded that effective TPD requires changes at several levels of educational systems (political, institutional and individual), and that ICTs should be seen as an opportunity for introducing new goals, structures and roles that support these changes. It is significant that while many of the issues highlighted by the group are well established, addressing them continues to be problematic globally.
Five patients with melanosis of the nipple and areola clinically mimicking melanoma
Authors: Isbary G. , Coras‐Stepanek B. , Dyall‐Smith D. , Guther S. , Tillmann A. , Stolz W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPigmented lesions on the nipple and areola concern patients and physicians as melanoma and pigmented mammary Paget's disease must be considered in the differential diagnoses. There have been only six case reports of melanosis of the nipple and areola in the medical literature yet five cases presented to our department in a 26‐month period.MethodFive women aged between 26 and 34 years presented with pigmentation of the areola and/or nipple. Two patients were pregnant and one also had vitiligo. All lesions were solitary, eccentrically located with a sharp but irregular contour, and homogeneous pigmentation. Dermoscopy was performed and reassuring features included light to dark brown cobblestone pigmentation with ring‐like structures and reticulation. Blue‐white veil and irregular centred black dots were not seen. Histology confirmed melanosis of the nipple and areola.ConclusionMelanosis of the nipple and areola is probably significantly underreported in the medical literature and, based on our experience, is likely to be the most common cause of pigmentation at this site. Considering this, benign condition on clinical and dermoscopic features should lead to biopsy rather than excision to confirm the diagnosis. Further reports of the dermoscopic features will help to define this condition further.
Genetic variation and the performance of a mass‐reared parasitoid, Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), in laboratory trials
Authors: Guzmán‐Larralde A. , Cerna‐Chávez E. , Rodríguez‐Campos E. , Loyola‐Licea J. C. , Stouthamer R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDuring mass rearing, adaptation of biological control agents to the rearing environment is a potential problem. Using the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma pretiosum, the performance of 26 highly inbred lines, five composite ‘populations’ (created from the inbred lines) and one insectary‐reared population was compared using fertility life tables. Of the composite populations, three were created with maximal and identical genetic variation as a mixture of all 26 inbred lines, but these were then reared for a different number of generations (2, 6 or 17) before their performance was measured. The remaining two composite populations were created based on the performance of the individual inbred lines: one was a combination of two inbred lines with a high intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), ‘high rm’; and the other was a combination of two lines with a ‘low rm’. High and low rm populations were reared for two generations prior to testing. Parameters measured were fertility, longevity and sex ratio. We found no difference between the maximally variable population reared for two generations and the ‘high rm’ population (rm = 0.285 and 0.282, respectively). ‘Low rm’ was the population with the lower performance (rm = 0.255). Genetically variable population reared for two generations for 48 h produced significantly more offspring than the populations reared for 6 and 17 generations. Hybrid population derived from the high‐rm lines did significantly better than that derived from the low‐rm lines. Low‐performance populations become more male based than high performance at 48 h. The potential benefits to improve population's performance using inbred lines for mass rearing are discussed.
The Ecology of Pneumocystis: Perspectives, Personal Recollections, and Future Research Opportunities
Authors: Walzer Peter D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractI am honored to receive the second Lifetime Achievement Award by International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists and to give this lecture. My research involves Pneumocystis, an opportunistic pulmonary fungus that is a major cause of pneumonia (“PcP”) in the immunocompromised host. I decided to focus on Pneumocystis ecology here because it has not attracted much interest. Pneumocystis infection is acquired by inhalation, and the cyst stage appears to be the infective form. Several fungal lung infections, such as coccidiomycosis, are not communicable, but occur by inhaling < 5 μm spores from environmental sources (buildings, parks), and can be affected by environmental factors. PcP risk factors include environmental constituents (temperature, humidity, SO2, CO) and outdoor activities (camping). Clusters of PcP have occurred, but no environmental source has been found. Pneumocystis is communicable and outbreaks of PcP, especially in renal transplant patients, are an ongoing problem. Recent evidence suggests that most viable Pneumocystis organisms detected in the air are confined to a patient's room. Further efforts are needed to define the risk of Pneumocystis transmission in health care facilities; to develop more robust preventive measures; and to characterize the effects of climatological and air pollutant factors on Pneumocystis transmission in animal models similar to those used for respiratory viruses.
Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with dicaffeoylquinic acids attenuates the reduced expression of nicotinic receptors, elevated level of oxidative stress and enhanced apoptosis caused by β-amyloid peptide
Authors: Deng Jie , Qi Xiao-Lan , Guan Zhi-Zhong , Yan Xiu-Ming , Huang Yong , Wang Yong-Lin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objectives
This in vitro investigation was designed to examine potential neuroprotection by dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb herba erigerontis and their effects against the toxicity induced by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ25–35).

Methods
The neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was treated with Aβ or 3, 4-diCQA, 3, 5-diCQA or 4, 5-diCQA. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction was assayed by spectrophotometrical method, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) on the basis of the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, the activity of superoxide dismutase by the xanthine oxidase procedure, the frequency of apoptosis by flow cytometry, and the levels of α3 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit proteins by Western blotting.

Key findings
When the cells were exposed to Aβ25–35, MTT reduction declined, oxidative stress and apoptosis were enhanced, and the expression of α3 and α7 nAChR subunit proteins was lowered. Expression of the α7 nAChR subunit protein was increased by all three diCQAs, and the level of α3 was increased by 3, 5-diCQA and 4, 5-diCQA. Significantly, pretreatment with diCQAs attenuated the neurotoxic effects of Aβ25–35, a neuroprotective effect in which the upregulation of α7 and α3 nAChR may be involved.

Conclusion
The diCQAs exert a protective effect on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and a potential underlying mechanism involving stimulation of nAChRs.