bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical usefulness of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for patients with primary liver cancer with special reference to rare histological types, hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous change and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ijichi Hideki , Shirabe Ken , Taketomi Akinobu , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Ikegami Toru , Mano Youhei , Aishima Shinichi , Abe Koichiro , Honda Hiroshi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2012

AimThe role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in the diagnosis and staging of primary liver cancer has been demonstrated in several reports. However, no preoperative evaluations of sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CC) with FDG‐PET have been reported so far.MethodsFifty‐three HCC patients and three cHCC‐CC patients who received liver resection or living‐donor liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. All 56 patients had undergone preoperative FDG‐PET, and a total of 67 HCC and three cHCC‐CC were analyzed histologically. The relationship between clinicopathological features and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of tumors were evaluated.ResultsThe detection rate of HCC by FDG‐PET was 43.3 %, and the sensitivity of FDG‐PET for the detection of HCC was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size and microvascular invasion. All three cHCC‐CC were detected by FDG‐PET. The SUVmax values of the three sarcomatous HCC (SUVmax 14.1, 18.6 and 25.0) and the three cHCC‐CC (SUVmax 9.9, 12.0 and 13.0) were higher than that of the poorly differentiated HCC (mean SUVmax 5.7 ± 2.3).ConclusionSUVmax may be a useful diagnostic tool for the preoperative evaluation of the aggressiveness of primary liver cancers such as sarcomatous HCC and cHCC‐CC.
Loss and Amazonian Otherness in Ecuador
Authors: Viatori Max 
Published: November 2012

ResumenEn Mayo de 2001, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) declaró que el idioma zápara como parte del patrimonio cultural e intangible del mundo. Este artículo examina las celebraciones del gobierno ecuatoriano con motivo de la declaración de UNESCO y la cobertura del evento por parte de la prensa ecuatoriana. El artículo muestra la forma en que el gobierno y la prensa popular ecuatoriana utilizaron discursos de perdida y preservación cultural para incluir a los zápara como parte de la nación ecuatoriana y a la vez para marginalizarlos políticamente y culturalmente como “otros.” Este caso de estudio, sugiere que discursos de peligro de perdida cultural tiene el mismo potencial para reforzar la hegemonía de las elites ecuatorianas y las relaciones de poder predominantes, asi como para cuestionar las mismas. Así pues, este articulo plantea a antropólogos y activistas la necesidad de examinar a fondo los discursos dominantes de perdida y preservación cultural para tener un mejor entendimiento de cómo estos discursos cuestionan, resfuerzan y promueven narrativas colonialistas.
Cardiotoxicity, Inflammation, and Immune Response after Rattlesnake Envenomation in the Horse
Authors: Gilliam L.L. , Holbrook T.C. , Ownby C.L. , McFarlane D. , Sleeper M.M. , Martin S. , Levis K. , Payton M.E. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundCardiac abnormalities are reported in rattlesnake‐bitten horses. The prevalence and cause are unknown.ObjectivesTo detect cardiac damage in rattlesnake‐bitten horses by measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and evaluatingECGrecordings for presence of arrhythmias, and explore causes of this cardiac damage by measuring venom excretion, anti‐venom antibodies, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).AnimalsA total of 20 adult horses with a clinical diagnosis of rattlesnake bite and 6 healthy adult horses.MethodsIn a prospective clinical study, bite site swabs, blood samples, and urine samples were collected at various time points from 20 horses with a clinical diagnosis of snake bite. ContinuousECGrecordings were obtained on the 20 affected horses and 6 normal control horses using 24‐hour holter monitors. Plasma samples were assayed forcTnI, serum samples were assayed forTNFα and anti‐venom antibodies, and bite site swabs and urine were assayed for venom.ResultsForty percent of rattlesnake‐bitten horses (8/20) experienced myocardial damage (increasedcTnI). Seventy percent (14/20) experienced a cardiac arrhythmia. There was a positive correlation betweencTnIandTNFα (P < .02). Horses withcTnI≥2 ng/mL were more likely to have antibody titers >5,000 (P < .05). No correlations were found between venom concentration andcTnI, anti‐venom antibody titers,TNFα, or presence of arrhythmias.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCardiac abnormalities in this population of horses indicate that cardiac damage after rattlesnake bite is common. Rattlesnake‐bitten horses should be monitored for signs of cardiac damage and dysfunction. Long‐term follow‐up should be encouraged to detect delayed cardiac dysfunction.
Child Development in the NANDA‐I and International Classification for Nursing Practices Nursing Classifications*
Authors: de Souza Juliana Martins , Veríssimo Maria De La Ó Ramallo 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:  Identify and analyze the NANDA‐I diagnoses and the focus terms of the International Classification for Nursing Practices (ICNP) related to child development.DATA SOURCES:  Literature, reflections about clinical experience, and a model case.DATA SYNTHESE:  The current diagnoses proposed by NANDA‐I and the ICNP focus terms do not encompass the extent of the child development phenomenon.CONCLUSIONS:  It is necessary studying the child development concept to improve the definition of the ICNP focus terms and the accuracy of NANDA‐I diagnoses.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE:  Discussing the nursing classifications can improve their understanding and use.OBJETIVO:  Identificar e analisar os diagnósticos da NANDA‐I e os termos foco da Classificação Internacional das Práticas de Enfermagem (CIPE), relacionados ao desenvolvimento infantil.FONTES DE DADOS:  Literatura, reflexões sobre a experiência clínica e um caso modelo.SÍNTESE DOS DADOS:  Os diagnósticos atuais propostos pela NANDA‐I e os termos foco da CIPE não abrangem a extensão do fenômeno desenvolvimento infantil.CONCLUSÕES:  É necessário estudar o conceito do desenvolvimento infantil para melhorar a definição dos termos focos da CIPE e a acurácia dos diagnósticos da NANDAI.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM:  Discutir as classificações de enfermagem pode melhorar sua compreensão e uso.
Deep Roots are Pivotal for Regulating Post‐Anthesis Leaf Senescence in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kong L. , Si J. , Sun M. , Feng B. , Zhang B. , Li S. , Wang Z. , Wang F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRoot activity plays a dominant role in grain filling in cereal crops. However, the importance of deep roots for regulating post‐anthesis leaf senescence is not clearly understood in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we used 32P tracing to estimate the difference in wheat root activity at soil depths of 30 and 70 cm and the root restriction method to investigate the effects of vertical distribution of deep roots on leaf senescence, with non‐restricted plants as controls. Recovery of radioactive 32P indicated that deep roots had significantly higher activity than upper roots in wheat. Root restriction at a soil depth of 50 cm caused significant decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) at 16 days after anthesis and thereafter resulting in an increase in malondialdehyde. As a result, chlorophyll levels and net photosynthesis decreased. Ultimately, the root‐restricted wheat produced a significantly lower grain yield than the non‐restricted controls. These data suggest that deep roots are pivotal for regulating plant senescence, duration of grain filling, and yield formation.
Resistance to Care: contributing factors and associated behaviours in healthcare facilities
Authors: Kable Ashley , Guest Maya , McLeod Mary 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThis article reports results of a study of contributing factors and associated behaviours in specific clinical areas to resistance to care episodes.BackgroundResistance to Care has previously been studied in aged care settings, and previous studies have reported patient behaviours and appropriate responses. Resistance to Care is a defensive response by patients towards healthcare staff and is demonstrated in various non‐compliant behaviours.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of a representative sample of nurses (n = 5044), who were members of the New South Wales Nurses' Association in Australia, was conducted in 2008–2009.ResultsResistance to Care episodes occur in various clinical settings and may be precipitated by a range of clinical diagnoses and symptoms. They may also be triggered during various nursing activities that nurses recognize as high‐risk for these episodes.ConclusionThe reported Resistance to Care behaviours are similar to those reported in studies of aggression and violence; however, they require a substantially different response by nurses in various clinical contexts.
Estimates of autozygosity derived from runs of homozygosity: empirical evidence from selected cattle populations
Authors: Ferenčaković M. , Hamzić E. , Gredler B. , Solberg T.R. , Klemetsdal G. , Curik I. , Sölkner J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryUsing genome‐wide SNP data, we calculated genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH > 1 Mb, FROH > 2 Mb, FROH > 8 Mb and FROH > 16 Mb) derived from runs of homozygosity (ROH) of different lengths (>1, >2, >8 and > 16 Mb) as well as from levels of homozygosity (FHOM). We compared these values of inbreeding coefficients with those calculated from pedigrees (FPED) of 1422 bulls comprising Brown Swiss (304), Fleckvieh (502), Norwegian Red (499) and Tyrol Grey (117) cattle breeds. For all four breeds, population inbreeding levels estimated by the genomic inbreeding coefficients FROH > 8 Mb and FROH > 16 Mb were similar to the levels estimated from pedigrees. The lowest values were obtained for Fleckvieh (FPED = 0.014, FROH > 8 Mb = 0.019 and FROH > 16 Mb = 0.008); the highest, for Brown Swiss (FPED = 0.048, FROH > 8 Mb = 0.074 and FROH > 16 Mb = 0.037). In contrast, inbreeding estimates based on the genomic coefficients FROH > 1 Mb and FROH > 2 Mb were considerably higher than pedigree‐derived estimates. Standard deviations of genomic inbreeding coefficients were, on average, 1.3–1.7‐fold higher than those obtained from pedigrees. Pearson correlations between genomic and pedigree inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.62 in Norwegian Red (lowest correlations) and from 0.64 to 0.72 in Tyrol Grey (highest correlations). We conclude that the proportion of the genome present in ROH provides a good indication of inbreeding levels and that analysis based on ROH length can indicate the relative amounts of autozygosity due to recent and remote ancestors.
Climatic niche evolution and species diversification in the Cape flora, South Africa
Authors: Schnitzler Jan , Graham Catherine H. , Dormann Carsten F. , Schiffers Katja , Peter Linder H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the evolutionary dynamics of the ecological niche by quantifying the modes and rates of ecological niche evolution (with a particular focus on climatic parameters) and species diversification.LocationGreater Cape Floristic Region, southern Africa.MethodsUsing the genus Babiana (Iridaceae) from the Cape flora, South Africa, we study the evolutionary dynamics of the ecological niche, which includes a characterization of the ecological niche, an assessment of phylogenetic signal, comparisons of different macroevolutionary models, and the estimation of rates of niche evolution (and their variation within and between clades) and lineage diversification, while accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty.ResultsA principal components analysis (PCA) identified mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature as the most important climatic determinants differentiating species within Babiana. All parameters show significant phylogenetic signal, and the best‐fit model of evolution is the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with two distinct precipitation optima for two neighbouring biomes: the Fynbos and the Succulent Karoo. Evolutionary rates of climatic niches vary by more than an order of magnitude over the phylogeny, and rates of niche evolution and lineage diversification are both higher in the Fynbos biome than in the Succulent Karoo.Main conclusionsOur results show a possible link between rates of climatic niche evolution and rates of species diversification, indicating that rates of niche evolution might be driving diversification rates.
Dispersal limitation, speciation, environmental filtering and niche differentiation influence forest tree communities in West Polynesia
Authors: Franklin Janet , Keppel Gunnar , Webb Edward L. , Seamon Joshua O. , Rey Sergio J. , Steadman David W. , Wiser Susan K. , Drake Donald R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimRegional patterns of forest composition in West Polynesia were analysed to determine the relative importance of dispersal limitation, speciation, environmental filtering and biotic interactions.LocationWest Polynesia (Fiji, Tonga, Samoa).MethodsWe applied clustering and indicator species analysis to presence/absence data for 397 tree taxa in 338 forest plots to detect groups of plots sharing similar species composition. Patterns of plot composition and co‐occurrence of congeneric species were compared between archipelagos for evidence of dispersal limitation, speciation, and environmental filtering versus competitive displacement or niche differentiation across the three archipelagos at the local (plot) and regional scales.ResultsDispersal limitation was evident in the compositional segregation of inland rain forests across the three archipelagos, whereas compositional overlap was widespread for coastal forests, which are composed of species dispersed by water. Within genera, species numbers attenuated from Fiji to Tonga to Samoa, but speciation also contributed to compositional differences in all three island groups. Environmental filtering was suggested by the distinct composition of both secondary and mature inland rain forest versus coastal forest. At the local scale, however, clumping of congeners, which might suggest fine‐scale environmental filtering, was observed for only a minority of inland forest genera. Most genera showed either overdispersion, suggesting competitive displacement or niche differentiation, or patterns not significantly different from random.Main conclusionsWell‐established biogeographical patterns of dispersal limitation and speciation contribute to West Polynesian tree diversity at the community scale. Environmental filtering and competitive displacement further structure forest communities; the evidence from this study suggests that environmental filtering is more important at a landscape scale, while competitive displacement may be more important at a local scale, although their relative importance varies considerably among taxa.
Preservative‐free 0.9% sodium chloride for flushing and locking peripheral intravenous access device: a prospective controlled trial
Authors: Wang Rui , Luo Ou , He Liu , Li Jia‐Xin , Zhang Ming‐Guang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and aim: In Mainland China, heparin saline solution is commonly used for flushing and locking peripheral intravenous access devices in clinical practice for a long time. We conducted a prospective controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of preservative‐free 0.9% sodium chloride solution versus heparin saline solution as flushing and locking solution for peripheral intravenous access devices.Methods: Patients with gastroenterological or hepatic diseases were enrolled for this study from August 2011 to October 2011. After non‐randomized allocation, preservative‐free 0.9% sodium chloride was used as flushing and locking solution in the sodium chloride solution group, while hepatic solution (10 U/mL) was given in the heparin saline solution group. The device related complications and its maintenance duration were compared between two groups. One‐way ANOVA, Chi2, or Mantel‐Haenszel test were performed using SPSS 13.0 and RevMan 5.0.Results: Totally, 181 and 178 peripheral intravenous access devices in the sodium chloride solution and heparin saline solution groups were included and analyzed. Results indicated than sodium chloride solution did not increase the risks of occlusion (7.7% vs. 7.9%) and other adverse events of peripheral intravenous access devices (P = 0.163). Sodium chloride solution neither shortened the duration of peripheral intravenous access devices maintenance (3.6 ± 1.1 days vs. 3.7 ± 1.2 days, P = 0.651), nor increased the proportion of abnormal withdrawal (29.3% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.654).Conclusion: Sodium chloride solution is as effective and safe as conventional heparin saline solution for flushing and locking peripheral intravenous access devices, which results from our evidence‐based study and should be transferred to other nurses in China.
Dreyfusia nordmannianae in Northern and Central Europe: potential for biological control and comments on its taxonomy
Authors: Ravn H. P. , Havill N. P. , Akbulut S. , Foottit R. G. , Serin M. , Erdem M. , Mutun S. , Kenis M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe silver fir woolly adelgid, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, is the most severe pest occurring on Abies nordmanniana in Central and Northern Europe. The adelgid is particularly damaging to trees in Christmas tree plantations. Dreyfusia nordmannianae is native to the Caucasus region and alien to Europe, where its natural enemy complex is less diverse compared to its area of origin. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data from the samples of D. nordmannianae collected in its native range and Europe and from the samples of Dreyfusia piceae and Dreyfusia prelli collected in Europe and North America were examined for phylogenetic structure. There was no evidence of differentiation, suggesting that these Dreyfusia species have recently diverged or require taxonomic revision. All existing published and unpublished reports on natural enemies of D. nordmannianae in its place of origin were reviewed, with the purpose of selecting agents for classical biological control in Europe. The literature review suggested that the most promising agent was the Chamaemyiidae fly, Leucopis hennigrata. A new survey in D. nordmannianae's area of origin – Turkey, Georgia and Russia – showed that L. hennigrata was present in all localities. It was particularly abundant in Turkey, where its impact on populations of D. nordmannianae appears to be high. Its use as a biological control agent is discussed, as well as other biological control strategies.
Intracellular calcium plays a critical role in the alcohol‐mediated death of cerebellar granule neurons
Authors: Kouzoukas Dimitrios E. , Li Guiying , Takapoo Maysaam , Moninger Thomas , Bhalla Ramesh C. , Pantazis Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlcohol is a potent neuroteratogen that can trigger neuronal death in the developing brain. However, the mechanism underlying this alcohol‐induced neuronal death is not fully understood. Utilizing primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN), we tested the hypothesis that the alcohol‐induced increase in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i causes the death of CGN. Alcohol induced a dose‐dependent (200–800 mg/dL) neuronal death within 24 h. Ratiometric Ca2+ imaging with Fura‐2 revealed that alcohol causes a rapid (1–2 min), dose‐dependent increase in [Ca2+]i, which persisted for the duration of the experiment (5 or 7 min). The alcohol‐induced increase in [Ca2+]i was observed in Ca2+‐free media, suggesting intracellular Ca2+ release. Pre‐treatment of CGN cultures with an inhibitor (2‐APB) of the inositol‐triphosphate receptor (IP3R), which regulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), blocked both the alcohol‐induced rise in [Ca2+]i and the neuronal death caused by alcohol. Similarly, pre‐treatment with BAPTA/AM, a Ca2+‐chelator, also inhibited the alcohol‐induced surge in [Ca2+]i and prevented neuronal death. In conclusion, alcohol disrupts [Ca2+]i homeostasis in CGN by releasing Ca2+ from intracellular stores, resulting in a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. This sustained increase in [Ca2+]i may be a key determinant in the mechanism underlying alcohol‐induced neuronal death.
Chronic clozapine reduces rat brain arachidonic acid metabolism by reducing plasma arachidonic acid availability
Authors: Modi Hiren R. , Taha Ameer Y. , Kim Hyung‐Wook , Chang Lisa , Rapoport Stanley I. , Cheon Yewon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractChronic administration of mood stabilizers to rats down‐regulates the brain arachidonic acid (AA) cascade. This down‐regulation may explain their efficacy against bipolar disorder (BD), in which brain AA cascade markers are elevated. The atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine (OLZ) and clozapine (CLZ), also act against BD. When given to rats, both reduce brain cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin E2 concentration; OLZ also reduces rat plasma unesterified and esterified AA concentrations, and AA incorporation and turnover in brain phospholipid. To test whether CLZ produces similar changes, we used our in vivo fatty acid method in rats given 10 mg/kg/day i.p. CLZ, or vehicle, for 30 days; or 1 day after CLZ washout. [1‐14C]AA was infused intravenously for 5 min, arterial plasma was collected and high‐energy microwaved brain was analyzed. CLZ increased incorporation coefficients and rates Jin,i of plasma unesterified AA into brain phospholipids i, while decreasing plasma unesterified but not esterified AA. These effects disappeared after washout. Thus, CLZ and OLZ similarly down‐regulated kinetics and cyclooxygenase expression of the brain AA cascade, likely by reducing plasma unesterified AA availability. Atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers may be therapeutic in BD by down‐regulating, indirectly or directly respectively, the elevated brain AA cascade of that disease.