bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic growth reference charts
Authors: Hermanussen Michael , Stec Karol , Aßmann Christian , Meigen Christof , Van Buuren Stef 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo reanalyze the between‐population variance in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), and to provide a globally applicable technique for generating synthetic growth reference charts.MethodsUsing a baseline set of 196 female and 197 male growth studies published since 1831, common factors of height, weight, and BMI are extracted via Principal Components separately for height, weight, and BMI. Combining information from single growth studies and the common factors using in principle a Bayesian rationale allows for provision of completed reference charts.ResultsThe suggested approach can be used for generating synthetic growth reference charts with LMS values for height, weight, and BMI, from birth to maturity, from any limited set of height and weight measurements of a given population.ConclusionGenerating synthetic growth reference charts by incorporating information from a large set of reference growth studies seems suitable for populations with no autochthonous references at hand yet. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:98–111, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case‐control study of airways obstruction among construction workers
Authors: Dement John , Welch Laura , Ringen Knut , Quinn Patricia , Chen Anna , Haas Scott 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundWhile smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), occupational exposures to vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) increase COPD risk. This case‐control study estimated the risk of COPD attributable to occupational exposures among construction workers.MethodsThe study population included 834 cases and 1243 controls participating in a national medical screening program for older construction workers between 1997 and 2013. Qualitative exposure indices were developed based on lifetime work and exposure histories.ResultsApproximately 18% (95%CI = 2–24%) of COPD risk can be attributed to construction‐related exposures, which are additive to the risk contributed by smoking. A measure of all VGDF exposures combined was a strong predictor of COPD risk.ConclusionsConstruction workers are at increased risk of COPD as a result of broad and complex effects of many exposures acting independently or interactively. Control methods should be implemented to prevent worker exposures, and smoking cessation should be promoted. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1083–1097, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐Cyclopentanediones through Catalytic Borylation as a Key Step
Authors: Palau‐Lluch Gerard , Fernández Elena 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe describe a practical straightforward synthesis of 2‐aryl‐1,3‐cyclopentanediones from α‐iodoenones, via in situ palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with hindered arylboronic acids followed by copper‐mediated β‐borylation and finishing with an oxidative work‐up. The sequential reactions are performed without intermediate isolation and the whole synthetic strategy might become of practical use for the major challenges that companies currently face in R&D in agrochemicals.
Evaluation of patients with hepatic portal venous gas who can be treated with conservative therapy
Authors: Higashi Takaaki , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Takeyama Hideaki , Arima Kota , Taki Katsunobu , Takamori Hiroshi , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2015

AimHepatic portal venous gas is an indication for emergency surgery and reportedly has a high mortality rate. However, these days, cases of hepatic portal venous gas associated with milder disease are increasing. In this report, we compared two groups to investigate whether there were any objective indicators for selecting conservative therapy.MethodsFrom July 2007 to August 2011, 19 patients with hepatic portal venous gas were evaluated at our hospital. The condition was diagnosed by computed tomography imaging. Vital signs, laboratory test results, and physical examination findings were compared.ResultsThe A group included 12 patients who could be treated with conservative therapy. The B group included 7 patients who could not be treated with conservative therapy. The combined mortality rate was 31.5% (6/19 patients). There was a significant difference in the pulse rate and shock index. In the A group, none of the patients had signs of peritoneal irritation. However, in the B group, physical examination revealed signs of peritoneal irritation in all patients.ConclusionConservative therapy may be possible in patients with hepatic portal venous gas, depending on the cause. Evaluation of vital signs and serial changes on physical examination are important.
Synthesis of Amathaspiramides by Aminocyanation of Enoates
Authors: O'Connor Matthew , Sun Chunrui , Lee Daesung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractConcise routes for the total and formal syntheses of the amathaspiramides were developed through a formal [3+2] cycloaddition between lithium(trimethylsilyl)diazomethane and α,β‐unsaturated esters. The effectiveness of this new cycloaddition for the construction of Δ2‐pyrazolines containing a α‐tert‐alkylamino carbon center and subsequent facile protonolytic NN bond cleavage allows the synthesis of a key intermediate of the amathaspiramides and other α,α‐disubstituted amino acid derivatives.
The Synthesis of Nanostructured Ni5P4 Films and their Use as a Non‐Noble Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Full Water Splitting
Authors: Ledendecker Marc , Krick Calderón Sandra , Papp Christian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Antonietti Markus , Shalom Menny 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe investigation of nickel phosphide (Ni5P4) as a catalyst for the hydrogen (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in strong acidic and alkaline environment is described. The catalyst can be grown in a 3D hierarchical structure directly on a nickel substrate, thus making it an ideal candidate for practical water splitting devices. The activity of the catalyst towards the HER, together with its high stability especially in acidic solution, makes it one of the best non‐noble materials described to date. Furthermore, Ni5P4 was investigated in the OER and showed activity superior to pristine nickel or platinum. The practical relevance of Ni5P4 as a bifunctional catalyst for the overall water splitting reaction was demonstrated, with 10 mA cm−2 achieved below 1.7 V.
Enantioselective α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes by Photoredox Organocatalysis: Rapid Access to Pharmacophore Fragments from β‐Cyanoaldehydes
Authors: Welin Eric R. , Warkentin Alexander A. , Conrad Jay C. , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe combination of photoredox catalysis and enamine catalysis has enabled the development of an enantioselective α‐cyanoalkylation of aldehydes. This synergistic catalysis protocol allows for the coupling of two highly versatile yet orthogonal functionalities, allowing rapid diversification of the oxonitrile products to a wide array of medicinally relevant derivatives and heterocycles. This methodology has also been applied to the total synthesis of the lignan natural product (−)‐bursehernin.
Analysis of an activated sludge model in which dead biomass is recycled into slowly biodegradable particulate substrate
Authors: Alharbi Asma O. M. , Nelson Mark Ian , Worthy Annette L. , Sidhu Harvinder S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA significant drawback of the activated sludge process is the production of excess ‘sludge’; the disposal of which can account for 50–60% of the running costs of a wastewater treatment plant. We investigate a model for the activated sludge process in which the influent contains a mixture of soluble and slowly biodegradable particulate substrate. Within the bioreactor, the particulate substrate is hydrolyzed to form soluble substrate. In turn, these are used for growth by the biomass. Biomass decay produces slowly biodegradable substrate and non‐biodegradable particulates. Steady‐state analysis is used to investigate how the amount of sludge formed depends upon the residence time and the use of a settling unit. We show that when the steady‐state sludge content is plotted as a function of the residence time that there are three generic response diagrams. The value of the effective recycle parameter determines which type of response diagram is observed. If this parameter is greater than a critical value, then the sludge content is guaranteed to be greater than a target value. The dependence of this critical value upon the chemical oxygen demand in the feed and how the chemical oxygen demand is partitioned between its constitutive components is investigated. Copyright © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and thermal properties of SEBS‐g‐MA compatibilized halloysite nanotubes reinforced polyethylene terephthalate/polycarbonate/nanocomposites
Authors: Jamaludin Nurul Ain , Inuwa Ibrahim Mohammad , Hassan Azman , Othman Norhayani , Jawaid Mohammed 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effect of maleic anhydride grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) content on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polyethylene terephthalate/polycarbonate/halloysite nanotubes (PET/PC/HNTs) nanocomposites has been investigated. Nanocomposites of PET/PC (70 : 30) with 2 phr of HNTs were compounded using the counter rotating twin screw extruder. A series of formulations were prepared by adding 5–20 phr SEBS‐g‐MA to the composites. Incorporation of 5 phr SEBS‐g‐MA into the nanocomposites resulted in the highest tensile and flexural strength. Maximum improvement in the impact strength which is 245% was achieved at 10 phr SEBS‐g‐MA content. The elongation at break increased proportionately with the SEBS‐g‐MA content. However, the tensile and flexural moduli decreased with increasing SEBS‐g‐MA content. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a transition from a brittle fracture to ductile fracture morphology with increasing amount of SEBS‐g‐MA. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the addition of SEBS‐g‐MA into the nanocomposites promoted a better dispersion of HNTs in the matrix. A single glass transition temperature was observed from the differential scanning calorimetry test for compatibilized nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis of PET/PC/HNTs nanocomposites showed high thermal stability at 15 phr SEBS‐g‐MA content. However, on further addition of SEBS‐g‐MA up to 20 phr, thermal stability of the nanocomposites decreased due to the excess amount of SEBS‐g‐MA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42608.
Oil–water separation capability of superhydrophobic fabrics fabricated via combining polydopamine adhesion with lotus‐leaf‐like structure
Authors: Wang Jintao , Chen Yuhong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBy the combination of dual bionic on the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaf and the bioadhesion of mussel adhesive protein, the nanoparticles were strongly immobilized onto the surface of cotton fabric to form superhydrophobic and superoleophilic coating. The as‐prepared fabric can be used as effective material for separating various oil/water mixtures. The separation efficiency can reach 99.0%, 97.6%, 98.1%, 96.0%, 94.2%, and 94.5% for toluene/water, n‐hexane/water, chloroform/water, paraffin oil/water, linseed oil/water, and crude oil/water mixtures with volume ratio of 1 : 4, respectively. In addition, the obtained fabric still kept stable superhydrophobicity and high separation efficiency for oil/water mixtures after using repeatedly for 90 cycles or ultrasonic treatment. They also exhibited excellent chemical durability in harsh conditions of strong acidic and alkaline solutions. Owning to high separation efficiency, stable recyclability, low cost, scalable fabrication, and excellent durability, the as‐prepared fabric can be considered as promising material for the separation of oil/water mixtures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42614.
Thermoresponsive hollow magnetic microspheres with hyperthermia and controlled release properties
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhang Huan , Li Longfei , Yang Yongzhen , Liu Xuguang , Xu Bingshe 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThermoresponsive hollow magnetic microspheres consisting of a hollow magnetic core, a carbon shell, and a smart polymer layer are presented in this article. A carbon nanomaterial was used as a steric stabilizer for Fe3O4 nanoparticles and a supporter for polymer. The thermoresponsive monomer, N‐isopropyl acrylamide, was grafted on the carbon‐encapsulate hollows by surface radical polymerization. The experimental results indicate that the composites had a phase‐transition temperature around 43°C and a saturation magnetization of 56.9 emu/g; this showed apparent thermosensitivity and magnetism. The performances in hyperthermia evaluated by an inductive magnetic field showed that the hybrid microspheres had a specific absorption rate of 240 W/g. The model drug, 5‐fluorouracil, was loaded in and released from the microspheres with different release rates at 35 and 50°C. This demonstrated that the as‐synthesized microspheres had a thermotriggered release ability and would be a good drug carrier in the biomedical field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42617.
Metabolism of (‐)‐cis‐ and (‐)‐trans‐rose oxide by cytochrome P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes
Authors: Nakahashi Hiroshi , Yamamura Yuuki , Usami Atsushi , Rangsunvigit Pramoch , Malakul Pomthong , Miyazawa Mitsuo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe in vitro metabolism of (‐)‐cis‐ and (‐)‐trans‐rose oxide was investigated using human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes for the first time. Both isomers of rose oxide were incubated with human liver microsomes, and the formation of the respective 9‐oxidized metabolite were determined using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Of 11 different recombinant human P450 enzymes used, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 were the primary enzymes catalysing the metabolism of (‐)‐cis‐ and (‐)‐trans‐rose oxide. CYP1A2 also efficiently oxidized (‐)‐cis‐rose oxide at the 9‐position but not (‐)‐trans‐rose oxide. α‐Naphthoflavone (a selective CYP1A2 inhibitor), thioTEPA (a CYP2B6 inhibitor) and anti‐CYP2B6 antibody inhibited (‐)‐cis‐rose oxide 9‐hydroxylation catalysed by human liver microsomes. On the other hand, the metabolism of (‐)‐trans‐rose oxide was suppressed by thioTEPA and anti‐CYP2B6 at a significant level in human liver microsomes. However, omeprazole (a CYP2C19 inhibitor) had no significant effects on the metabolism of both isomers of rose oxide. Using microsomal preparations from nine different human liver samples, (‐)‐9‐hydroxy‐cis‐ and (‐)‐9‐hydroxy‐trans‐rose oxide formations correlated with (S)‐mephenytoin N‐demethylase activity (CYP2B6 marker activity). These results suggest that CYP2B6 plays important roles in the metabolism of (‐)‐cis‐ and (‐)‐trans‐rose oxide in human liver microsomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluvastatin delays propagation of viral infection in isolated rat FDB myofibers but does not affect exocytic membrane trafficking
Authors: Nevalainen Mika , Metsikkö Kalervo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe have utilized the enveloped viral model to study the effect of fluvastatin on membrane trafficking in isolated rat myofibers. Our immunofluorescence studies constantly showed that infections in myofibers, which were treated with fluvastatin prior and during the infection with either vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or influenza A virus, propagated more slowly than in control myofibers without drug treatment. Experiments with a virus expressing Dad1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP‐Dad1) showed that fluvastatin did not affect its distribution within the ER/SR network and immunofluorescence staining for GM130 did not show any marked effect on the structure of the Golgi components. Furthermore, fluvastatin did not inhibit trafficking of the chimeric transport marker VSV temperature sensitive G protein (tsG‐GFP) from the ER to the Golgi. We next subjected VSV infected myofibers for pulse‐chase labeling experiments and found that fluvastatin did not slow down the ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking or Golgi to plasma membrane trafficking of the viral glycoprotein. These studies show that fluvastatin inhibited the propagation of viral infection in skeletal myofibers but no adverse effect on the exocytic trafficking could be demonstrated. These results suggest that other effects of statins rather than inhibition of ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking might be behind the myotoxic effects of the statins.
Fulminant hepatic failure after intravenous injection of sublingual buprenorphine in a patient with hepatitis C
Authors: French Janine , Mujumdar Avik , Angus Peter , Gow Paul 
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical MessageA 20‐year‐old indigenous Australian male was admitted to the intensive care unit with fulminant hepatic failure secondary to intravenous use of buprenorphine, which had been prescribed sublingually for opioid dependence. Intravenous buprenorphine‐induced hepatitis is well recognized, however, life‐threatening fulminant hepatic failure has not previously been reported.
Retracted: Bi5O7I Nanobelts: Synthesis, Modification, and Photocatalytic Antifouling Activity
Authors: Liu Chaohong , Zhang Dun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBi5O7I nanobelts were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method to study the crystal phase transformation and morphology evolution. Based on these results, a crystal growth mechanism of Bi5O7I nanobelts was proposed. To enhance the photocatalytic antifouling activity, ethanol or TiCl3 was used to modify the Bi5O7I nanobelts. The resulting BiOI/Bi2O2CO3/Bi5O7I and TiO2/BiOCl/Bi5O7I micro‐nanostructures show excellent degradation activity of malachite green and bactericidal effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which may be attributed to the higher charge carrier separation efficiency of these heterojunction structures. The results indicate that the formation of semiconductor composites is a very effective strategy to design high‐performance photocatalyst systems.
Synthesis of Bismuth‐Nanoparticle‐Enriched Nanoporous Carbon on Graphene for Efficient Electrochemical Analysis of Heavy‐Metal Ions
Authors: Cui Lin , Wu Jie , Ju Huangxian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA BiNPs@NPCGS nanocomposite was designed for highly efficient detection of multiple heavy‐metal ions by in situ synthesis of bismuth‐nanoparticle (BiNP)‐enriched nanoporous carbon (NPS) on graphene sheet (GS). The NPCGS was prepared by pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanocrystals deposited on graphene oxide and displayed a high surface area of 1251 m2 g−1 and a pore size of 3.4 nm. BiNPs were deposited on NPCGS in situ by chemical reduction of Bi3+ with NaBH4. Due to the restrictive effect of the pore/surface structure of NPCGS, the BiNPs were uniform and well dispersed on the NPCGS. The BiNPs@NPCGS showed good conductivity and high effective area, and the presence of BiNPs allowed it to act as an efficient material for anodic‐stripping voltammetric detection of heavy‐metal ions. Under optimized conditions, the BiNPs@NPCGS‐based sensor could simultaneously determine Pb2+ and Cd2+ with detection limits of 3.2 and 4.1 nM, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor could also differentiate Tl+ from Pb2+ and Cd2+. Owing to its advantages of simple preparation, environmental friendliness, high surface area, and fast electron‐transfer ability, BiNPs@NPCGS showed promise for practical application in sensing heavy‐metal ions.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Charge Stabilization in Donor–Acceptor Dyads Capable of Harvesting Near‐Infrared Light
Authors: Bandi Venugopal , Gobeze Habtom B. , D'Souza Francis 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo harvest energy from the near‐infrared (near‐IR) and infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, which constitutes nearly 70 % of the solar radiation, there is a great demand for near‐IR and IR light‐absorbing sensitizers that are capable of undergoing ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer when connected to a suitable electron acceptor. Towards achieving this goal, in the present study, we report multistep syntheses of dyads derived from structurally modified BF2‐chelated azadipyrromethene (ADP; to extend absorption and emission into the near‐IR region) and fullerene as electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor entities, respectively. The newly synthesized dyads were fully characterized based on optical absorbance, fluorescence, geometry optimization, and electrochemical studies. The established energy level diagram revealed the possibility of electron transfer either from the singlet excited near‐IR sensitizer or singlet excited fullerene. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption studies were performed to gather evidence of excited state electron transfer and to evaluate the kinetics of charge separation and charge recombination processes. These studies revealed the occurrence of ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer leading to charge stabilization in the dyads, and populating the triplet states of ADP, benzanulated‐ADP and benzanulated thiophene‐ADP in the respective dyads, and triplet state of C60 in the case of BF2‐chelated dipyrromethene derived dyad during charge recombination. The present findings reveal that these sensitizers are suitable for harvesting light energy from the near‐IR region of the solar spectrum and for building fast‐responding optoelectronic devices operating under near‐IR radiation input.
Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis
Authors: Chua Chun Kiang , Pumera Martin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe rise in global demand for crucial chemical compounds has driven immense research in the fundamental science of catalysis. Graphene and its derivatives (chemically modified graphene, CMGs) have recently emerged as a new class of heterogeneous catalyst that promises economically viable and greener routes to these compounds. Although CMGs possess unique catalytic properties, the actual active sites are often points of discussion. Current minimal understanding on the possible effects of metallic impurities on the electrocatalytic performances of these CMGs calls forth the need to raise awareness on possible metallic impurities misrepresenting the actual chemical catalytic performances of the CMGs. This Minireview highlights the latest advances in the application of CMGs as catalysts, with an emphasis on the possible effects of metallic impurities on CMG catalysis.
Facile Assembly of Chiral Metallosquares by Using Enantiopure Tribenzotriquinacene Corner Motifs
Authors: Xu Wen‐Rong , Xia Guang‐Jie , Chow Hak‐Fun , Cao Xiao‐Ping , Kuck Dietmar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA pair of enantiomerically pure metallosquares based on linear platinum‐diacetylene edges and tribenzotriquinacene corner units was synthesized. Their structures were characterized by 1H‐, 13C‐ and 31P NMR spectroscopy as well as MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and circular dichroism. Based on DFT calculation, the optimized geometry possesses a distorted square conformation in which the four edges are not sitting on the same plane. The molecular square further self‐assembled in the solid state to afford microspheres with diameter of approximately 300 nm, as determined by scanning electron microscopy.
Recent Progress in Sustainable Polymers Obtained from Cyclic Terpenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Application Potential
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe functionalization and polymerization of biobased monocyclic terpenes and their derivatives for the synthesis of sustainable polymers is described, especially in view of the synthetic routes and properties of the obtained macromolecular architectures. Comparison of these procedures and the obtained materials with “classical” oil‐based approaches, and also with alternative biobased routes, gives interesting insights into the potential of these small terpene building‐block structures for modern polymer science and technology.