bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motives As Predictors Of Facebook Addiction: Empirical Evidence From Somalia
Authors: Dhaha Ismail Sheikh Yusuf Ahmed , Igale Abdikarim Barqadle 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Facebook (FB) has increasingly become an essential part of the lives of people, particularly youths. Youths use this site extensively, mainly for fun, interacting with friends, making new friends, and keeping in touch with old friends. FB has become a big part of their daily routine, sometimes influencing them to neglect their duties and responsibilities. Guided by the uses and gratifications theory, the present study investigates the motives for using Facebook and their effect on the addiction to the site among Somali youths. The study employed a quantitative method by adopting an online survey to collect data. The data was collected for a period of one month by posting a questionnaire on Facebook walls. A total of 327 respondents participated in the study. The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between FB motives and FB addiction. Furthermore, the results of the multiple regression analysis suggest that motives related to political (ß=.142, p=.016), social interaction (ß=.203, p=.002), and entertainment (ß=.329, p=.000) significantly contributed to FB addiction among the youths. Among the motives, entertainment and social interaction were the best predictors of FB addiction. Implications, future research scope, and contributions of the study are also discussed.
Neighborhood-Level Social Determinants of Health and Presenting Characteristics for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments
Authors: Ong Sally S. , Tran Diep , Westlund Erik , Ahmed Ishrat , Russell Gregory B. , Gonzales Anthony , Handa James T. , Cai Cindy X. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceFunctional outcomes after repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) are highly dependent on baseline visual acuity and foveal status. Adverse social determinants of health (SDOH) can present barriers to timely presentation for repair and limit vision outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between neighborhood-level SDOH with baseline severity (visual acuity and fovea status) of RRD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study that included adult patients 18 years and older who underwent primary repair of uncomplicated RRD at the Wilmer Eye Institute from January 2008 to December 2018. Study data were analyzed from December 2023 to April 2024.ExposuresThe census block group of patient home addresses were matched to multiple neighborhood-level SDOH including the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), per capita income, percentage of renters, percentage of rent burden, percentage of people using a food assistance program, percentage of uninsured individuals, mode of transportation to work, distance to the nearest transit stop, total road density, National Walkability Index, Index of Medical Underservice score, and aggregate cost of medical care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOdds of presenting with vision worse than 20/40 or fovea-involving RRD using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and insurance.ResultsA total of 700 patients (mean [SD] age, 57.9 [12.4] years; 432 male [61.7%]) were included. Every decile increase in ADI, indicating more socioeconomic disadvantage, was associated with an increased odds of presenting with worse visual acuity and fovea-involving RRD (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24; P = .004 and OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22; P = .005, respectively). Each $1000 increase in per capita income was associated with lower odds of presenting with worse vision (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P = .001). Every 1% increase in percentage of workers who drove to work was associated with an increased odds of presenting with worse vision and fovea-involving RRD (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03; P = .005 and OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; P = .04, respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that patients with a residence in neighborhoods with more socioeconomic deprivation or a higher percentage of workers who drove to work were more likely to present with more severe RRD even after accounting for multiple individual-level characteristics. These findings support consideration of public policy changes to address the barriers faced by patients residing in certain neighborhoods who seek prompt surgical intervention for RRD to reduce health disparities in RRD outcomes.
Socioeconomic status moderates associations between hippocampal development and cognition in preterms
Authors: Konrad Julia , Guo Ting , Ufkes Steven , Selvanathan Thiviya , Sheng Min , Al‐Ajmi Eiman , Branson Helen M. , Chau Vann , Ly Linh G. , Kelly Edmond N. , Grunau Ruth E. , Miller Steven P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe hippocampus plays a critical role in cognitive networks. The anterior hippocampus is vulnerable to early‐life stress and socioeconomic status (SES) with alterations persisting beyond childhood. How SES modifies the relationship between early hippocampal development and cognition remains poorly understood. This study examined associations between SES, structural and functional development of neonatal hippocampus, and 18‐month cognition in very preterm neonates.MethodsIn total, 179 preterm neonates were followed prospectively. Structural and resting‐state functional MRI were obtained early‐in‐life and at term‐equivalent age (median 32.9 and 41.1 weeks post‐menstrual age) to calculate anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes and hippocampal functional connectivity strength. Eighteen‐month cognition was assessed via Bayley‐III. Longitudinal statistical analysis using generalized estimating equations, accounting for birth gestational age, post‐menstrual age at scan, sex, and motion, was performed.ResultsSES, measured as maternal education level, modified associations between anterior but not posterior hippocampal volumes and 18‐month cognition (interaction term p = 0.005), and between hippocampal connectivity and cognition (interaction term p = 0.05). Greater anterior hippocampal volumes and hippocampal connectivity were associated with higher cognitive scores only in the lowest SES group. Maternal education alone did not predict neonatal hippocampal volume from early‐in‐life and term.InterpretationSES modified the relationship between neonatal hippocampal development and 18‐month cognition in very preterm neonates. The lack of direct association between maternal education and neonatal hippocampal volumes indicates that socio‐environmental factors beyond the neonatal period contribute to modifying the relationship between hippocampal development and cognition. These findings point toward opportunities to more equitably promote optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants.
Two‐Photon‐Activated Heavy‐Atom Free AIEgen for Highly Efficient Type I Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Ji , Ou Xinwen , Wang Kaizhen , Wang Ke , Gui Lijuan , Song Fengyan , Chen Chao , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Yuan Zhenwei , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) largely depends on the reactive oxygen species production, types, and tissue penetration depth. Particularly in malignant tumors, hypoxia is widely recognized as a major obstacle for PDT. Herein, a two‐photon‐excitable heavy‐atom free photosensitizer PNF is designed. PNF can be used as a type‑I photosensitizer to overcome the limitations of PDT in treating hypoxic tumors. The photosensitizer PNF exhibits distinct aggregation‐induced emission characteristics and can generate O2•− and OH• through type I photochemical processes upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The two‐photon‐activated PDT induced by PNF disrupts cellular redox homeostasis, and increases levels of lipid peroxidation, leading to apoptosis, as well as ferroptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this synergistic treatment strategy in inhibiting the growth of hypoxic cancer cells and tumors.
Fluorine‐Mediated Electronic Modulation Optimizes Ru─H Bond Desorption Enabling Stable Hydrogen Evolution at Industrial‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Liu Wenqian , Chen Qianwei , Shang Yuxin , Liu Fan , He Ruilin , Zhang Jieyu , Li Qiulin , Chai Hui , Tan Yangyang , Bao Shu‐Juan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRapid performance degradation in alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysts, attributed to low intrinsic activity and bubble‐shielding effects under high current densities, poses a significant obstacle to achieving industrial hydrogen production. In response, a novel phosphorus‐doped activated carbon‐loaded ruthenium cobalt fluoride‐based heterostructured catalyst (Ru‐CoF2@PAC) is developed. Acting as an “electron trader”, this catalyst leverages the exceptional electron‐donating capability of fluoride anions bound to cobalt, effectively bringing the d‐band center of the Ru site close to the Fermi level. This optimizes the adsorption energy of the H intermediate (Ru‐H) in the Vomer step, subsequently facilitating rapid H conversion (H→H*). Moreover, the incorporated fluorine enhances catalyst hydrophilicity, significantly improving bubble diffusion kinetics at the catalyst surface and catalytic stability when operated under high current density. Remarkably, the Ru‐CoF2@PAC catalyst loaded with 1.1 wt.% Ru requires only 27 mV to achieve the 10 mA cm−2 current density needed to split water under alkaline conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits exceptional stability during at least 140 h of operation at 1200 mA cm−2 with negligible degradation. This study provides valuable insights for guiding the development of durable catalysts suitable for large‐scale industrial hydrogen production.
Halogen‐Mixed 1D CsPbIBr2 Photodetectors for Enhanced Ultraweak Light Detection
Authors: Wang Qianjin , Xiang Zhilin , Yang Peizhi , Liu Yingkai , Tan Qiuhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites recently have emerged as a promising candidate for photodetection due to their exceptional photoelectric performance. However, the high dark current in these materials has hindered their practical application to imaging. In this study, a novel halogen‐mixed CsPbIBr2 microwire photodetector that has a remarkable reduction of dark current by over 100‐fold (compared to CsPbBr3), along with a substantial increase in photocurrent, which yields a significantly improved on/off ratio of 6.56 × 104, is developed. More importantly, the halogen‐mixed perovskite photodetector exhibits enhanced photodetection performance, including a high responsivity of 133 A W−1 and a remarkable specific detectivity of 4.02 × 1012 Jones even under ultraweak light conditions as low as 4.5 nW cm−2. More specifically, high‐resolution images are successfully obtained under ultraweak light conditions. The combined analysis of experimental results and first‐principles calculation attribute the excellent performance of the CsPbIBr₂ microwire photodetector to a significant reduction in dark current by suppressing ion migration and increasing carrier effective mass, and a remarkable increase in photocurrent resulting from reduced bandgap and enhanced light absorption, as compared to CsPbBr3. This research represents a significant advancement in the development of high‐performance 1D perovskite‐based photodetectors, with promising implications for ultra‐weak light imaging applications.
Tailoring Optical Properties of Rare‐Earth Doped Oxyfluoride Glass‐Ceramics by Tuning Crystal Structure
Authors: Li Zhencai , Hu Jie , Du Zijuan , Ge Xuan , Jensen Lars R. , Zhou Dacheng , Yang Yong , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Qiu Jianbei , Yue Yuanzheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is known that oxyfluoride glasses can be used as the host for fluoride crystals that feature promising optical properties. This work demonstrates that the optical properties of the Er3+‐Yb3+ co‐doped oxyfluoride precursor glass‐ceramic (PGC) can be tailored by changing crystal structure through chemical variation (LaF3/BaF2 = 0, 1/3; YF3/LaF3 ratios = 0, 2/7, 4/7, 6/7, 1) and heat treatment. The strong correlations between the crystallization behavior, microstructure, and optical properties are revealed. It is found that the precipitated crystals such as BaF2, Ba2LaF7, Ba2‐xLa1‐xYxF7‐2x (0 < x <1), and BaYF5 are uniformly distributed in the glass matrices of PGC. Upon heat‐treatment, the crystallinity of PGC increases, whereas the crystal type remains unchanged. Both the up‐conversion luminescence and optical transmittance of the samples strongly depend on the substitution of one type of fluoride for another. Moreover, by taking advantage of the effect of crystal structure on the cross‐relaxation propensity of Er3+ ions, it is feasible to tune the up‐conversion luminescence color from green to light yellow. It is unveiled that the enhanced cross‐relaxation arises from lattice shrinkage. This work provides guidance for optimizing the optical properties of rare‐earth‐doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics.
Decarboxylative Aminomethylation of Ferulic Acids via Visible‐Light‐Promoted Flavin Photocatalysis and its Application in the Synthesis of Anti‐Inflammatory Lead Compounds
Authors: Wang Lin , Lv Xinye , Huang Lei , Yang Yingxue , Ge Xiaomei , Zeng Jianguo , Cheng Pi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a protocol for the direct visible‐light‐promoted decarboxylative aminomethylation of ferulic acid with N‐aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines under air atmosphere. The current protocol uses naturally available ferulic acid as coupling partner, the inexpensive organic photocatalyst riboflavin tetraacetate (RFTA) as photocatalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidant, which is suitable for late‐stage functionalization of complex nitrogen‐containing molecules. This methodology further demonstrated its utility by the protecting‐group‐free semi‐synthesis of natural alkaloids maclekarpine E and by assessing the anti‐inflammatory activity of its analogues.
Novel Composite of Iron Oxide and Cyclodextrin for Effective Removal of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Chishti Aadil Nabi , Wang Peisen , Gautam Jagadis , Chen Ming , Ni Lubin , Diao Guowang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganic pollutants negatively impact the environment, including air, water, soil, and living organisms. These pollutants come from various sources, including industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities. Removing organic pollutants from the environment is a difficult task and requires a combination of prevention and innovative strategies. Herein a novel nanocomposite consisting of beta‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) modified silver (Ag@β‐CD) and gold (Au@‐β‐CD) nanoparticles (NPs) attached on the surface of Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell structure with an average 530 nm diameter in an eco‐friendly environment is presented. In the first step, Au@‐β‐CD and Ag@‐β‐CD are synthesized, and the core–shell structure is modified by these nanoparticles. The catalytic activities of the synthesized nanocomposite are investigated for the reduction of RhB and 4‐NP and the photodegradation of MB. The synthesized composite shows the highest catalytic performance in the reduction of RhB and 4‐NP and photodegradation of MB, and the reactions are completed in 75, 45 s, and 16 min with a rate constant (k) 0.03 ± 0.005 s−1, 0.07 ± 0.01 s−1, and 0.25 ± 0.07 min−1, respectively. The reduction and photodegradation reactions follow the first‐order rate law. The catalyst is reused for six cycles after separation from the reaction system by an external magnetic field.
Gold Nanoparticles Monolayer Based Field‐Effect Molecular Sensors
Authors: Abbas Yawar , Deader Firdous Ahmad , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq , Al‐Qutayri Mahmoud , Chan Vincent , Rezeq Moh'd 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rapid and efficient sensing mechanism of molecules and bimolecular species is crucial for healthcare, biomedical, and safety applications. Such sensors need to be robust and able to measure low concentrations of molecular species. Utilizing the intriguing effect of the enhanced electric field from charged gold nanoparticles (Au‐NPs), due to their extremely small size, on the Schottky barrier narrowing and the energy band bending at the interface with Si substrates, a novel sensitive molecular sensor is developed, and presented herein. This is achieved by forming a strip of Au‐NPs monolayer between two metal electrodes on a thin native oxide layer (≈2nm), covering the surface of an n‐type silicon substrate. The high electric field on the negatively charged monolayer of Au‐NPs leads to the depression of the conduction band, thus a tunneling channel of electrons is formed under the monolayer of NPs and beneath the silicon oxide layer. The depth of this tunneling channel can be regulated by modulating the net charge, hence the electric field, on the NPs when they are exposed to various polar or charged molecules. This effective nano‐sensing platform can be explored for the detection and analysis of various molecules of interest.
DNA‐encoded plasmonic bubbles aggregating dual‐microRNA SERS signals for cancer diagnosis
Authors: Yang Yu , Lu Hao , Fang Dan , Zhang Yuyuan , Tang Yuteng , Zhao Songsong , Yan Jun , Qin Xiaojie , Shen Jianlei , Yang Fan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolid bubbles have expanded the SERS assay toolbox, but their detection performance in biofluids is still hampered by the irrational design of the plasmonic sensing interface. A plasmonic bubble aggregate‐driven DNA‐encoded SERS assay is reported here that enables simultaneous, ultrasensitive, and specific detection of multiple miRNAs in blood samples for accurate cancer diagnosis. In this assay, the buoyancy of plasmonic bubbles allows them to self‐aggregate at a droplet apex for SERS reconfiguration, form single‐layer bubble aggregates with plasmonic nanogaps, and prevent the coffee ring effect during evaporation assembly. Furthermore, DNA‐encoded plasmonic bubbles seamlessly couple with dual‐color catalytic hybridization assembly to amplify the specific miRNA‐responsive Raman signal, and function as both an analyte concentrator and a Raman signal aggregator without external forces. Using these merits, this magnet‐free, portable assay achieves femtomolar dual‐miRNA quantitation with single‐base resolution, simultaneous miRNA detection across four cell lines, and accurate cancer diagnosis (AUC = 1) via analyzing 40 blood samples with machine learning, thus providing a promising tool for clinical diagnosis.
A metabolic perspective on polyploid invasion and the emergence of life histories: Insights from a mechanistic model
Authors: Milosavljevic Silvija , Kauai Felipe , Mortier Frederik , Van de Peer Yves , Bonte Dries 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremiseWhole‐genome duplication (WGD, polyploidization) has been identified as a driver of genetic and phenotypic novelty, having pervasive consequences for the evolution of lineages. While polyploids are widespread, especially among plants, the long‐term establishment of polyploids is exceedingly rare. Genome doubling commonly results in increased cell sizes and metabolic expenses, which may be sufficient to modulate polyploid establishment in environments where their diploid ancestors thrive.MethodsWe developed a mechanistic simulation model of photosynthetic individuals to test whether changes in size and metabolic efficiency allow autopolyploids to coexist with, or even invade, ancestral diploid populations. Central to the model is metabolic efficiency, which determines how energy obtained from size‐dependent photosynthetic production is allocated to basal metabolism as opposed to somatic and reproductive growth. We expected neopolyploids to establish successfully if they have equal or higher metabolic efficiency as diploids or to adapt their life history to offset metabolic inefficiency.ResultsPolyploid invasion was observed across a wide range of metabolic efficiency differences between polyploids and diploids. Polyploids became established in diploid populations even when they had a lower metabolic efficiency, which was facilitated by recurrent formation. Competition for nutrients is a major driver of population dynamics in this model. Perenniality did not qualitatively affect the relative metabolic efficiency from which tetraploids tended to establish.ConclusionsFeedback between size‐dependent metabolism and energy allocation generated size and age differences between plants with different ploidies. We demonstrated that even small changes in metabolic efficiency are sufficient for the establishment of polyploids.
Construction of New Heterocyclic System, Imidazo[4,5‐d]thiazolo[4,3‐b]oxazole, via Cascade Reaction of Thioglycolurils with α‐Bromoketones
Authors: Vinogradova Ekaterina E. , Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Gazieva Galina A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA method for the synthesis of new heterocyclic system representatives, i. e. imidazo[4,5‐d]thiazolo[4,3‐b]oxazole derivatives, by the reaction of thioglycolurils with α‐bromoketones has been developed. The reaction includes a cascade one‐pot S‐alkylation/nucleophilic addition/ring‐opening/ring‐closing process. This protocol is compatible with a broad scope of α‐bromoketones, diastereoselectively affording diverse products with 3aS*,4aR*,8aR*‐imidazo[4,5‐d]thiazolo[4,3‐b]oxazole core in 40–76 % yields.
Temporo‐frontoparietal hypoconnectivity as a biomarker for isolated language impairment in mild cognitive impairment: A cross‐cohort comparison
Authors: Huang Lin , Hu Wenjing , Cui Liang , Zhang Zhen , Lu Yao , Li Qinjie , Huang Qi , Wang Luyao , Jiang Jiehui , Guo Qihao ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWhether brain functional connectivity (FC) is consistently disrupted in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with isolated language impairment (ilMCI), and its potential to differentiate between MCI subtypes remains uncertain.METHODSCross‐sectional data from 404 participants in two cohorts (the Chinese Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Study and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) were analyzed, including neuropsychological tests, resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), cerebral amyloid positivity, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) status.RESULTSTemporo‐frontoparietal FC, particularly between the bilateral superior temporal pole and the left inferior frontal/supramarginal gyri, was consistently decreased in ilMCI compared to amnestic MCI (aMCI) and normal controls, which was correlated with semantic impairment. Using mean temporo‐frontoparietal FC as a classifier could improve accuracy in identifying ilMCI subgroups with positive cerebral amyloid deposition and APOE risk alleles.DISCUSSIONTemporal‐frontoparietal hypoconnectivity was observed in individuals with ilMCI, which may reflect semantic impairment and serve as a valuable biomarker to indicate potential mechanisms of underlying neuropathology.Highlights
Temporo‐frontoparietal hypoconnectivity was observed in impaired language mild cognitive impairment (ilMCI).
Temporo‐frontoparietal hypoconnectivity may reflect semantic impairment.
Temporo‐frontoparietal functional connectivity can classify ilMCI subtypes.