bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Mn‐doped iron oxide nanoparticles entrapped in dendrimer for dual contrasting role in MRI
Authors: Haribabu Viswanathan , Farook Abubacker Sulaiman , Goswami Nirmalya , Murugesan Ramachandran , Girigoswami Agnishwar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging has acquired importance as a major tool for diagnosis and staging of cancers in humans. Injection of certain imaging agents have proved to improve contrast between normal and cancer cells on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using the principles of MR contrast imaging, we have designed a dual mode (T1 and T2) contrast agent based on folic acid functionalized manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MNP) entrapped in 3G polyamidoamide (PAMAM) dendrimers. The ratio of Mn:Fe was tuned to achieve optimal performance. This multifunctional nanocarrier system was developed for targeting cancer cells to produce both T1 and T2 contrast which in turn helps in better diagnosis and staging of cancer. FTIR spectroscopy, X‐Ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy, UV‐Visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurements were employed to characterize the multifunctional system at different stages of engineering. The ratio of relaxivities r2/r1 is 4.6 at 1.5 T for the MNP prepared with 0.5 molar ratio of Mn/Fe based on MR images obtained from phantom and tumor bearing mouse. The value of r2/r1 shows that the 0.5 molar ratio of Mn/Fe can be used to prepare MNP for the production of dual mode contrast in MR imaging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 817–824, 2016.
Managing IT business risk
Authors: Barnier Brian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCompanies increasingly depend on their information technology (IT) systems to achieve their business objectives. At the same time, companies are also more concerned about risks that endanger their performance—and can endanger critical IT systems. There are many risks, including global financial crises, earthquakes, political unrest, damaged undersea cables, the loss of critical knowledge as employees leave, and more. So what are the best ways for companies to manage these potentially devastating IT risks? And what are the roles of top management and financial management? © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organizational change management is a two‐way street
Authors: Worster Art , Weirich Thomas R. , Andera Frank 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBusiness is filled with horror stories about cost overruns and lack of business benefits from implemen‐tations of enterprise software, including SAP. The rapid proliferation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems like SAP began two decades ago. Since then, a number of tools and literature have been developed to help identify, address, and resolve the challenges inherent in these systems. Yet, in many cases, we still have the same problems. We seem unable to prevent disappointments, if not fi‐nancial disasters. And for many companies that installed SAP years ago, the expected benefits have not appeared. What can we do to correct these problems? © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acculturative Stress, Self‐Esteem, and Eating Pathology in Latina and Asian American Female College Students
Authors: Claudat Kimberly , White Emily K. , Warren Cortney S. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveThe overarching purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among acculturative stress, self‐esteem, and eating pathology in Asian American and Latina female college students.MethodParticipants (N = 638, mean age = 19.88) completed self‐report measures of the variables of interest online.ResultsBivariate correlations indicated that for women of both ethnic groups, acculturative stress was negatively correlated with self‐esteem and positively correlated with eating pathology. Multigroup structural equation modeling indicated that for Asian American and Latina women, self‐esteem partially mediated the relationship between acculturative stress and eating pathology. However, self‐esteem did not serve as a significant moderator of this relationship for either ethnic group.ConclusionOverall, data suggest that acculturative stress is associated with increased eating pathology and self‐esteem may mediate this relationship. These relationships suggest that assessment of eating pathology and self‐esteem may be indicated for women presenting clinically with acculturative stress concerns.
Enhance patient safety by identifying and minimizing risk exposures affecting nurse practitioner practice
Authors: Leigh June , Flynn Jennifer 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA study analyzing closed professional liability claims against nurse practitioners over a 5‐year period was completed by CNA and Nurses Service Organization (NSO). Of 200 closed claims, the average total incurred payment per claim was $285 645. The study identifies current liability patterns and trends and provides risk‐control recommendations to enhance patient safety and minimize liability exposure. Study results indicate that while the number of nurse practitioner claims have been relatively stable over the past 5 years (2007–2011), the number of claims resulting in very severe indemnity payment have increased 19% since 2009. The data also show that many claims develop from a failure involving core competencies, such as treatment and care management, and medication prescribing. Allegations related to failure to diagnose and delay in making a correct diagnosis were found most frequently. The claims demonstrate that nurse practitioners are responsible for obtaining and documenting the results of appropriate tests, consultations, and overall need for medical intervention to meet the patient's medical needs.
Evaluation of optimized breath‐hold and free‐breathing 3D ultrashort echo time contrast agent‐free MRI of the human lung
Authors: Gai Neville D. , Malayeri Ashkan , Agarwal Harsh , Evers Robert , Bluemke David 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo evaluate an optimized stack of radials ultrashort echo time (UTE) 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence for breath‐hold and free‐breathing imaging of the human lung.Materials and MethodsA 3D stack of ultrashort echo time radials trajectory was optimized for coronal and axial lower‐resolution breath‐hold and higher‐resolution free‐breathing scans using Bloch simulations. The sequence was evaluated in 10 volunteers, without the use of contrast agents. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined from separate signal and noise images in a semiautomated fashion. The four scanning schemes were evaluated for significant differences in image quality using Student's t‐test. Ten clinical patients were scanned with the sequence and findings were compared with concomitant computed tomography (CT) in nine patients. Breath‐hold 3D spokes images were compared with 3D stack of radials in five volunteers. A Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed to test significance in both cases.ResultsBreath‐hold imaging of the entire lung in volunteers was performed with SNR (mean = 42.5 [CI]: 35.5–49.5; mean = 34.3 [CI]: 28.6–40) in lung parenchyma for coronal and axial scans, respectively, which can be used as a quick scout scan. Longer respiratory triggered free‐breathing scan enabled high‐resolution UTE scanning with mean SNR of 14.2 ([CI]: 12.9–15.5) and 9.2 ([CI]: 8.2–10.2) for coronal and axial scans, respectively. Axial free‐breathing scans showed significantly higher image quality (P = 0.008) than the three other scanning schemes. The mean score for comparison with CT was 1.67 (score 0: n = 0; 1: n = 3; 2: n = 6). There was no significant difference between CT and MRI (P = 0.25). 3D stack of radials images were significantly better than 3D spokes images (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe optimized 3D stack of radials trajectory was shown to provide high‐quality MR images of the lung parenchyma without the use of MRI contrast agents. The sequence may offer the possibility of breath‐hold imaging and provides greater flexibility in trading off slice thickness and parallel imaging for scan time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1230–1238.
Virtual and Face‐to‐Face Teamwork Differences in Culturally Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Teams
Authors: Takeuchi June , Kass Steven J. , Schneider Sherry K. , VanWormer Lisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPerformance on a decision‐making task and cohesion were examined in dyadic (two‐person) teams. A total of 118 university students in the United States and Japan participated in the study and were placed in either homogeneous (American–American or Asian–Asian) or heterogeneous (American–Asian) teams, based on whether they were raised in the United States or in an Asian country. Teams worked either face‐to‐face or via videoconferencing (i.e., virtual teams) and performed a hidden profile task simulating a personnel selection process (i.e., ranking candidates). American–American teams and American–Asian teams outperformed Asian–Asian teams regardless of whether they worked face‐to‐face or virtually. Team cohesion results mirrored the performance results. The findings suggest that individuals from Asian cultures may require more time to form a cohesive and high‐performing team.
Probiotic Dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum modulates immunoglobulin levels and cytokines expression in whey proteins sensitised mice
Authors: Shandilya Umesh Kumar , Sharma Ankita , Kapila Rajeev , Kansal Vinod Kumar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCow milk allergy is the most common food allergy in children. So far, no effective treatment is available to prevent or cure food allergy. This study investigated whether orally administrated probiotics could suppress sensitisation in whey proteins (WP)‐induced allergy mouse model. Two types of probiotic Dahi were prepared by co‐culturing Dahi bacteria (Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris NCDC‐86 and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetylactis NCDC‐60) along with selected strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus LaVK2 and Bifidobacterium bifidum BbVK3. Mice were fed with probiotic Dahi (La‐Dahi and LaBb‐Dahi) from 7 days before sensitisation with WP, respectively, in addition to milk protein‐free basal diet, and control group received no supplements.RESULTSFeeding of probiotic Dahi suppressed the elevation of whey proteins‐specific IgE and IgG response of WP‐sensitised mice. In addition, sIgA levels were significantly (P < 0.001) increased in intestinal fluid collected from mice fed with La‐Dahi. Production of T helper (Th)‐1 cell‐specific cytokines, i.e. interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐12, and IL‐10 increased, while Th2‐specific cytokines, i.e. IL‐4 decreased in the supernatant of cultured splenocytes collected from mice fed with probiotic Dahi as compared to the other groups. Moreover, the splenic mRNA levels of IFN‐γ, interleukin‐10 were found to be significantly increased, while that of IL‐4 decreased significantly in La‐Dahi groups, as compared to control groups.CONCLUSIONResults of the present study indicate that probiotic Dahi skewed Th2‐specific immune response towards Th1‐specific response and suppressed IgE in serum. Collectively, this study shows the potential use of probiotics intervention in reducing the allergic response to whey proteins in mice. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Development and commercialization of GLA safflower oil
Authors: Flider Frank J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGLA safflower oil is a new commercial source of gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA), an important dietary omega‐6 fatty acid with properties similar and complementary to those of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In its native form, GLA safflower oil contains 60–70+% GLA. It is one of the first dietary supplements developed using modern biotechnology methods and is the first of a new generation of genetically modified (GM) plant oil ingredients developed solely for improvement of human health and nutrition.
Structure of the human milk fat globule
Authors: Garcia Cyrielle , Innis Sheila 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMilk is a sophisticated oil‐in‐water emulsion in which triacylglycerols, the single largest component of the infant's energy supply, are enclosed by an unusual trimolecular layer of polar lipids, proteins and cholesterol. Recently, interest has turned to the possibility that not just the membrane components and triacylglycerol fatty acids, but also their unusual structures may be particular features that enable delivery of intact bioactive molecules to the intestine, while facilitating efficient absorption and processing of milk fats, without metabolic stress. These features mean that the functional properties of milk fats are not replicated by mixtures of vegetable oils and emulsifiers and may be lost by processing. However, they offer opportunities for use of milk fat globule membranes and triacylglycerols structured to resemble milk fats.
Organic matter carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous from a single persulfate digestion
Authors: Gibson C. A. , O'Reilly C. M. , Conine A. L. , Jobs W. , Belli S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEcological stoichiometry requires accurate measurement of carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios in organic matter. Currently, carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios are typically determined by analyzing one sample for carbon : nitrogen and another sample for percent phosphorus. Not only does this approach require multiple samples and accurate sample weights, but it also obscures natural variability. We developed a method which allows us to obtain carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios from a single, small sample of organic matter. The analysis consists of a single persulfate digestion in sealed vials that converts the organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to carbon dioxide gas (CO2), nitrate ion, and phosphate ion. The combination of 3% persulfate in 0.15 M NaOH provides a digestion that is initially alkaline but becomes acidic after about 30 min. In the final acidic solution, CO2 is driven into the vial headspace and is measured on a gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer. Nitrate and phosphate are measured on an ion chromatograph and by using standard colorimetric methods, respectively. We assessed the method by evaluating recovery of C, N, and P from chemical standards and by comparing values obtained with this method to those obtained by current, conventional methods. We used cultured algae and pond seston on filters, leaf litter, and zooplankton samples for the method comparisons. The method is precise at low mass; we were able to confidently measure C : N : P ratios on individual Daphnia magna. The method showed high recovery for standards and produced C : N : P ratio values similar to those found by other analytical approaches and to values in the literature.
Oxide scale exfoliation and regrowth in TP347H superheater tubes
Authors: Sabau A. S. , Wright I. G. , Shingledecker J. P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper provides an introduction to a comprehensive model being developed to predict and control oxide scale exfoliation from the steam‐side of superheater and reheater tubes in steam boilers. The model deals with the main phenomena involved in scale growth and failure in steam, and incorporates major variables related to boiler design and operation. The considerations used to calculate oxide growth under the specific constrains of small diameter tubes carrying high‐pressure steam and operating with large temperature gradients under temperature and pressure cycling conditions, as well as the evolution of stresses and strains in the scales, are indicated but only a cursory description is given of the details of the analytical treatments. An example is presented of calculations made with the model to predict the extent of blockage expected in a single superheater loop as a function of time and outlet steam temperature under several realistic service conditions. The results suggest that problems due to scale exfoliation would be expected early in the operating life of superheater tubes made from austenitic steel TP347H.
Analysis of the parameters affecting probabilistic predictions of initiation time for carbonation‐induced corrosion of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Lollini F. , Redaelli E. , Bertolini L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProbabilistic approaches are available for service life design of reinforced concrete structures subjected to reinforcement corrosion. The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) has proposed a model code where design equations and related parameters, involving materials properties, exposure conditions and construction details, are reported. This paper investigates the role of design parameters in the prediction of service life by applying the fib design procedure to existing structures suffering carbonation‐induced corrosion. Results of the modelling were compared to results of the inspection and a significant difference was observed. In order to investigate the reasons for this difference, the roles of concrete cover thickness and carbonation depth were considered separately in the modelling of service life. The concrete cover thickness had a significant effect on the output of the service life modelling, which however was not sufficient to explain the discrepancy between in situ and modelling results. The modelled values of carbonation depth were also affected by errors; sensitivity analysis showed that, although some parameters had higher influence than others, no single parameter had a predominant role.
Covercrete with hybrid functions – A novel approach to durable reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Tang L. , Zhang E. Q. , Fu Y. , Schouenborg B. , Lindqvist J. E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDue to the corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete structures, the concrete with low water–cement ratio (w/c), high cement content, and large cover thickness is conventionally used for prolonging the passivation period of steel. Obviously, this conventional approach to durable concrete structures is at the sacrifice of more CO2 emission and natural resources through consuming higher amount of cement and more constituent materials, which is against sustainability. By placing an economically affordable conductive mesh made of carbon fiber or conductive polymer fiber in the near surface zone of concrete acting as anode we can build up a cathodic prevention system with intermittent low current density supplied by, e.g., the solar cells. In such a way, the aggressive negative ions such as Cl−, ${\rm CO}_{3}^{2- } $, and ${\rm SO}_{4}^{2- } $ can be stopped near the cathodic (steel) zone. Thus the reinforcement steel is prevented from corrosion even in the concrete with relatively high w/c and small cover thickness. This conductive mesh functions not only as electrode, but also as surface reinforcement to prevent concrete surface from cracking. Therefore, this new type of covercrete has hybrid functions. This paper presents the theoretical analysis of feasibility of this approach and discusses the potential durability problems and possible solutions to the potential problems.
Effect of Fe and partial pressure of oxygen on the formation and phase transformation behavior of Al2O3 scale
Authors: Hayashi S. , Takada Y. , Saeki I. , Yamauchi A. , Nishiyama Y. , Doi T. , Kyo S. , Sato M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe effect of oxygen partial pressure on the phase transformation of Al2O3 scale on various Fe–Al alloys with and without very thin (∼100 nm) Fe coating was investigated. Fe‐coating on Fe–Al alloys can effectively suppress metastable Al2O3 formation, but little effect was observed when the samples were oxidized in a low partial pressure of oxygen. Under the low ${\rm P}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} } $ atmosphere, metastable to stable α‐Al2O3 scale phase transformation on both Fe‐coated and non‐coated Fe–Al alloys was significantly delayed. The lattice spacing of α‐Al2O3 scale formed in air decreased with increasing alloy Al content. Further decrease in the lattice spacing of α‐Al2O3 scale was observed when the alloy was oxidized in low ${\rm P}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} } $. The results obtained clearly indicated that the formation of Fe2O3 or Fe3+ in metastable Al2O3 accelerated the metastable to stable α‐Al2O3 scale transformation.
Oxide growth stress measurements and relaxation mechanisms for alumina scales grown on FeCrAlY
Authors: Tortorelli P. F. , Specht E. D. , More K. L. , Hou P. Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEarly‐stage tensile stress evolution in α‐Al2O3 scales during oxidation of FeCrAlY at 1000, 1050, 1100, and 1200 °C was monitored in situ by use of synchrotron radiation. Tensile stress development as a function of oxidation temperature indicated a dynamic interplay between stress generation and relaxation. An analysis of the time dependence of the data indicated that the observed relaxation of the initial tensile stress in the oxide scales at 1100 and 1200 °C is dominated by creep in the α‐Al2O3. A thin layer of a (Fe,Cr,Al) oxide was observed at the oxide‐gas interface, consistent with a mechanism whereby the conversion of (Fe,Cr,Al)2O3 to α‐Al2O3 produces an initial tensile stress in the alumina scale.
Prescriptive versus performance approaches for durability design – The end of innocence?
Authors: Hooton R. D. , Bickley J. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMost concrete specifications tend to be prescriptive in nature and this can prevent concrete producers from optimizing their mixtures for local materials, and confuses the responsibility for the in‐place performance of a structure. While it is generally agreed that performance is a superior way to specify concrete since it should clarify responsibilities and allow for innovation, many parties to construction are leery of adopting performance specifications. One of the major concerns is related to the lack of adequate performance tests and specification limits that relate to field performance. While current test methods are far from perfect, it is thought that there is sufficient experience to use them and that adoption of performance specifications will lead to development of better test methods.
Materials and Corrosion 6/2012
Authors: Kong D. , Wang Y. , Zhang W. , Wang W. , Liu X. , Wang J. 
Published: October 2015

Cover: In the wire beam electrode (WBE) method, the plane electrode is replaced by short connected wire carbon steel electrodes. The current distribution of the WBE under the organic coating was measured. The classic EIS technique was employed to research the EIS characteristic of local anode and cathode. The mechanism of the organic coating degradation and corrosion of substrate carbon steel was investigated from the point of view of current distribution.More detailed information can be found in: D. Kong, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, W. Wang, X. Liu, J. Wang, Correlation between electrochemical impedance and current distribution of carbon steel under organic coating, Materials and Corrosion 2012, 63, 475.
Materials and Corrosion 7/2012
Authors: Kap I. , Starostin M. , Shter G. E. , Grader G. S. 
Published: October 2015

Cover: Corrosion resistance of 304, 316L, 310 SS and 680 nickel alloy was studied in concentrated ammonium nitrate‐urea (ANU) solution. This solution provides the basis for development of a new alternative mono‐fuel that can potentially reduce the harmful effects of fossil fuels combustion. The ANU solution is an aggressive medium, especially at high temperatures. Tests in ANU at 350 °C and 20 bar on SS 304, 316L and 680 nickel alloy showed that all are susceptible to uniform and pitting corrosion. An example of a pit in SS 304 is shown in the large cover picture. The pitting on SS 304 and 316 increased with addition of 5% sodium chloride to the ANU solution. Under these conditions corrosion attack was not found on 310 SS, as shown on the small insertion ‐ making it a good candidate for ANU reactors.More detailed information can be found in: I. Kap, M. Starostin, G. E. Shter, G. S. Grader; Corrosion of aluminium, stainless steels and AISI 680 nickel alloy in nitrogen‐based fuels; Materials and Corrosion 2012, 63, 571.