bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood cultures in acute surgical admissions
Authors: Dunne DFJ , McDonald R , Ratnayake R , Malik HZ , Ward R , Poston GJ , Fenwick SW 
Published: December 2014

Introduction Obtaining blood cultures prior to the administration of antimicrobial therapy was a key recommendation of the 2012 UK Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Few studies have examined the effect blood cultures have on clinical management and there have been none on acute surgical admissions. This retrospective study sought to evaluate the effect of blood cultures on clinical management in acute surgical admissions. Methods Data on acute surgical patients admitted between 1 January and 31 December 2012 were extracted from hospital records. Patients given intravenous antibiotics within 24 hours of admission were identified. Data collected included antibiotics administered, blood culture results, admission observations and white blood cell count. Case notes were reviewed for patients with positive cultures to establish whether the result led to a change in management. Results Of 5,887 acute surgical admissions, 1,346 received intravenous antibiotics within 24 hours and 978 sets of blood cultures were taken in 690 patients. The recommended two sets of cultures were obtained in 246 patients (18%). Patients who had blood cultures taken had the same in-hospital mortality as those who had none taken (3.6% vs 3.5%, p=0.97). Blood cultures were positive in 80 cases (11.6%). The presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome did not increase positivity rates (12.9% vs 10.3%, p=0.28). Overall, cultures altered management in two patients (0.3%). Conclusions Blood cultures rarely affect clinical management. In order to assess the additional value that blood cultures bring to sepsis management in acute surgical admissions, a prospective randomised trial focusing on outcome is needed.
Hospital trends of admissions and procedures for acute leg ischaemia in England, 2000–2011
Authors: von Allmen RS , Anjum A , Powell JT , Earnshaw JJ 
Published: December 2014

Introduction Acute leg ischaemia (ALI) is a common vascular emergency for which new minimally invasive treatment options were introduced in the 1990s. The aim of this study was to determine recent hospital trends for ALI in England and to assess whether the introduction of the new treatment modalities had affected management. Methods Routine hospital data covering ALI were provided by Hospital Episode Statistics for the years 2000 to 2011 and mortality data were obtained from the Office for National Statistics. All data were age standardised, reported per 100,000 of the population, and stratified by age band (60–74 years and ≥75 years) and sex. Results Hospital admissions have risen significantly from 60.3 to 94.3 per 100,000 of the population, with an average annual increase of 6.2% since 2003 (p<0.001). The rise was greater in the older age group (from 79.9 to 134.4 vs 49.3 to 73.0) and yet procedures for ALI have shown a significant decrease since 2000 from 14.3 to 12.4 per 100,000 (p=0.013), independent of age and sex. Open embolectomy of the femoral artery remains the most common procedure and the proportion of endovascular interventions showed only a small increase. Only a few deaths were attributed to ALI (range: 95–150 deaths per year). Conclusions Hospital workload for ALI has increased, particularly since 2003, but this trend does not appear to have translated into increased endovascular or surgical activity.
Varizig Dilution Issue Reported; Prostin E2 Suppository Confused with Progesterone; FIRST Brand Oral Vancomycin Needs Improved Labeling
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: December 2014

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your news-letters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Pharmacist Involvement at Discharge with the Joint Commission Heart Failure Core Measure: Challenges and Lessons Learned
Authors: Herring Holly , Smith Winter , Ripley Toni , Farmer Kevin 
Published: December 2014

Background Pharmacists are vital health care providers to patients with heart failure (HF), but their compliance to the HF core measure has not been clearly defined. Objective The objective of this study was to measure the impact of pharmacist involvement at discharge on compliance with The Joint Commission HF core measure. Methods This prospective study was conducted at a 361-bed academic teaching institution. A pharmacist performed chart reviews just prior to discharge on adult patients with a preliminary diagnosis of HF (ie, clinical suspicion) to evaluate compliance with the HF core measure. The pharmacist then intervened as needed to ensure compliance. The primary outcome was HF core measure compliance rates with pharmacist involvement at discharge compared to rates during the same 3-month period during the previous year (without pharmacist involvement). Results Of 92 patients admitted with clinical suspicion of HF, the pharmacist was able to review 45 patient charts at discharge (49%). The majority of interventions made by the pharmacist were due to medication discrepancies within the discharge instructions found during medication reconciliation. Rates of compliance with the HF core measure did not differ between the period with pharmacist involvement at discharge and the previous period (without pharmacist involvement, P = .39). However, barriers to compliance related to discharge medication documentation, interdisciplinary communication, and manpower were identified through the process. Conclusion Although pharmacist involvement at discharge did not translate into improved compliance with the HF core measure, systematic barriers to compliance were identified and are currently being addressed.
Improved Pharmacy Department Workflow with New Method of Order Entry for Single-Agent, High-Dose Methotrexate
Authors: Kintzel Polly E. , VanDyke Thomas H. , Athmann Paul W. , Mills Lisa B. , Bonter Michael P. , Bremer Matthew W. , Dougherty Mary L. , Foster Ryan W. , Knight Sandra K. , Slot Martha G. , Steinmetz-Malato Laura L. 
Published: December 2014

Purpose To determine whether a process change impacted the proportion of orders for single-agent, high-dose methotrexate entered by chemotherapy pharmacists instead of general pharmacy staff. Coordination of antiemetic premedication and leucovorin rescue with the new method of order entry was evaluated. Methods Adults treated with single-agent, high-dose methotrexate were identified retrospectively. Order entry of methotrexate and ancillary medications was examined to determine whether the old or new method was used and whether it was performed by a chemotherapy pharmacist. The fundamental difference between the old and new methods for order entry is use of the “unscheduled” frequency of medication administration to replace the administration frequency of “once” with a specified date and time. Timing of antiemetic premedication and leucovorin rescue relative to methotrexate administration were tallied for the new method. Chi-square analysis was performed for the primary objective. Observational statistics were performed otherwise. Results The number of evaluable encounters identified was 158. A chemotherapy pharmacist entered a greater proportion of orders when the new method was utilized ( P < .0001). The proportion of orders entered by a chemotherapy pharmacist increased during the hours of 0700 and 2259 with the new method. Appropriate coordination of antiemetic and leucovorin administration was documented for 96% and 100% of cases with the new method of order entry. Conclusion The proportion of orders for single-agent, high-dose methotrexate entered by a chemotherapy pharmacist was significantly greater with the use of the new method. Administration of antiemetic premedication and leucovorin rescue were appropriately coordinated with the use of the new method for order entry of single-agent, high-dose methotrexate.
Warfarin-Induced Skin Necrosis
Authors: Pourdeyhimi Neda , Bullard Zackery 
Published: December 2014

Background Warfarin is a frequently used oral anticoagulant in the treatment and prevention of various medical conditions. One uncommon adverse effect that can occur following the initiation of therapy is warfarin-induced skin necrosis. Because it is a rare effect with an undetermined pathophysiology of disease, the treatment is not well established. Case A 52-year-old female was prescribed warfarin and enoxaparin for a newly diagnosed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the left lower extremity. On day 4 of therapy, the patient had a supra-therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR), prompting the discontinuation of enoxaparin and a decrease in the warfarin dose. The patient returned to the emergency department on day 7 of treatment with a purple, cold, and extremely painful right foot with punctate areas of necrosis and petechiae proximal to the discoloration. The patient's INR was found to be 10.64. Following the diagnosis of warfarin-induced skin necrosis, the patient was administered vitamin K intravenously and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to reverse the effects of warfarin and promote protein C and S synthesis. Once the patient's INR was no longer supratherapeutic, subcutaneous enoxaparin was re-started as treatment for the known recent DVT. The patient's necrotic foot began to improve and she was discharged home with an anticipated full recovery. Conclusions Based on the proposed pathophysiology of disease, adequate bridge therapy may decrease the likelihood of developing this life-threatening condition. Early recognition and treatment with intravenous vitamin K, FFP or 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate, and continued wound care are essential to prevent further complications.
Disrupting the flow: Still-activism redirecting neo-liberal capitalism
Authors: Klein Kelly 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The performance of stillness is a potent tool of contemporary activism, utilized in the Chipko movement against forest privatization in Uttarakhand, India, protests against the Keystone XL Pipeline in North America, and Pick Up America’s litter clean-up across the United States. These activists choreograph stillness to interrupt the ontological flow of modernity – and concurrently the material flow of capital and resources – in order to intervene in the unsustainable components of the neo-liberal capitalist system. This investigation highlights the body as central to interrupting regimes of capital and subjectivity through non-violent means – in this case, through what the author calls still-activism.
Future-oriented citizenship: A possible citizenship model starting from the case of Singapore
Authors: Lee Wing On 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
At present, there are seven main citizenship concepts in general – namely, classical citizenship (Athen’s citizenship as office-bearer), liberal citizenship (human right to be citizens), social citizenship (citizens’ right for social welfare), national citizenship (citizens in nation states), multiple citizenship, post-national citizenship and global citizenship. What is reflected in the development of these concepts is the historical progress from seeing citizenship as a privilege to regarding it as a political and social right, and from citizenship restricted to nations to one that is global. What is also shown is that the concept of citizenship is rather fluid and dynamic. Thus, it is sometimes understood as flexible citizenship today. Despite these different names and conceptualizations, the understanding of citizenship education is still confined to the socialization framework. That is, the purpose of citizenship education is to teach young people about the ‘here and now’ and about how they can participate properly in the localities of various citizenship contexts. However, as we move into the twenty first century, citizens are facing a highly mobile and changing society. A particularly urgent and important task for twenty first-century education is to equip people with twenty first-century competence, which they need to survive and thrive in the uncertain and unpredicatable world. Therefore, educating citizens for the future becomes an essential issue. In this regard some important questions need to be answered, such as ‘Is it possible to socialize for the future unknown world that is full of uncertainty?’ ‘What would be the unique features of citizenship education that focuses on becoming rather than being?’ ‘What would be the future modes of interactions between the government and citizens while they are both unsure about the future?’ Rather than trying to find definite answers for these questions, this article would like to provide some observations starting from the Singapore context, which is attempting to prepare citizens for the future.
Carotid endarterectomy with local anesthesia and laryngeal mask airway/general anesthesia
Authors: Pergolizzi Joseph V. , Gruendling Steven , Bermudez Adrian , Annabi Hani , Fleischer Charles , Taylor Robert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
There is no clear consensus as to the appropriate anesthetic technique for patients undergoing a carotid endarterectomy. Such patients may have comorbid conditions, such as coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and others. The two main anesthetic approaches are general anesthesia, including an endotracheal tube, with neurological monitoring, and regional anesthesia that allows for an awake patient to be assessed neurologically. The objective of our report was to evaluate a novel anesthetic technique that combined general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) plus regional anesthesia in the form of bupivacaine injected into the surgical site. Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane 4%, so the patient emerged rapidly for neurological assessment at the conclusion of surgery. We report on a case of a 55-year-old patient who underwent a successful carotid endarterectomy using this hybrid technique of general anesthesia with LMA plus regional anesthesia. This technique was safe and effective, and the patient experienced no complications other than a hematoma on the left neck that was likely the result of long-term use of aspirin and Plavix. While further study is warranted, this hybrid technique of general anesthesia with LMA plus regional anesthesia holds promise for carotid endarterectomy patients.
Preparing students for community-based learning using an asset-based approach
Authors: Garoutte Lisa , McCarthy-Gilmore Kate 
Published: December 2014

One goal of service and community-based learning is to produce students who are more tightly engaged in the larger communities surrounding their institutions. Drawing on data from three courses, we argue that an asset-based approach plays a role in creating authentic campus-community partnerships that strive to engage students as members of the community from the outset and throughout their service learning courses. Asset-based activities help students come to understand the value of relationships amongst community members while also underscoring the value of their individual role in this group. As such, students are more prepared for future work within the community.
Child-Parent Psychotherapy in the Context of the Developmental Disability and Medical Service Systems
Authors: Williams Marian E. , Carson Melissa C. , Zamora Irina , Harley Eliza K. , Lakatos Patricia P. 
Published: December 2014

Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), an evidence-based dyadic treatment for young children who have experienced trauma, shows promise in intervening with children with developmental disabilities, as illustrated in the cases we described of 14-month-old "James" and 6-year-2-month-old "Juan" (Harley, Williams, Zamora, & Lakatos, 2014). In their thoughtful commentary on these cases, Ghosh Ippen, Noroña, & Lieberman (2014) discuss additional clinical considerations important to the use of CPP with this population. In this response, we explore further implementation of CPP in the context of the developmental disability and medical service systems. In particular, we highlight the importance of resilience in parents’ responses to their child’s developmental disability, contributions from pediatric psychology to understanding pediatric medical traumatic stress, infusing relationship-based approaches in collaboration with other service systems, and addressing barriers to service access in ethnic minority families. Finally, we provide recommendations for training and fidelity monitoring when applying CPP to children with developmental disabilities and their families.
Geographical distribution, roost selection, and conservation state of cave-dwelling bats in China
Authors: Bu Yanzhen , Wang Yanmei , Zhang Chan , Liu Wei , Zhou Huixian , Yu Yan , Niu Hongxing 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study was conducted to understand the distribution and roost characteristics of cave-dwelling bats and to identify those sites that are important for the conservation of bat species in China. A total of 129 roosts in four zoogeographic regions in China, 56 of which had not been previously surveyed, were investigated in this 3-year study (2010–2013). Approximately 95,000 bats representing 32 species were recorded, and the results will provide a reference for future bat research. The bat species of central China are the most abundant because a total of 21 species were found in that region. Southwest China had the largest average number of bat species in each roost, whereas southern China had the largest average number of bats in each roost. Natural caves accommodated >57,000 individuals representing 29 bat species, and the average number of bats in each natural cave was 723.1. The general trend in the number of bat species was decreasing with an increase in altitude. At present, few caves have adequate protection, and some bat populations are under serious threat. The data will help local governments develop suitable strategies to promote local tourism while protecting important habitats of animal species.
Exploring homogeneity of correlation structures of gene expression datasets within and between etiological disease categories
Authors: Jong Victor L. , Novianti Putri W. , Roes Kit C.B. , Eijkemans Marinus J.C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe literature shows that classifiers perform differently across datasets and that correlations within datasets affect the performance of classifiers. The question that arises is whether the correlation structure within datasets differ significantly across diseases. In this study, we evaluated the homogeneity of correlation structures within and between datasets of six etiological disease categories; inflammatory, immune, infectious, degenerative, hereditary and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We also assessed the effect of filtering; detection call and variance filtering on correlation structures. We downloaded microarray datasets from ArrayExpress for experiments meeting predefined criteria and ended up with 12 datasets for non-cancerous diseases and six for AML. The datasets were preprocessed by a common procedure incorporating platform-specific recommendations and the two filtering methods mentioned above. Homogeneity of correlation matrices between and within datasets of etiological diseases was assessed using the Box’s
REDD1 functions at the crossroads between the therapeutic and adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids
Authors: Baida Gleb , Bhalla Pankaj , Kirsanov Kirill , Lesovaya Ekaterina , Yakubovskaya Marianna , Yuen Kit , Guo Shuchi , Lavker Robert M , Readhead Ben , Dudley Joel T , Budunova Irina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCutaneous atrophy is the major adverse effect of topical glucocorticoids; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify stress‐inducible mTOR inhibitor REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage response 1) as a major molecular target of glucocorticoids, which mediates cutaneous atrophy. In REDD1 knockout (KO) mice, all skin compartments (epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat), epidermal stem, and progenitor cells were protected from atrophic effects of glucocorticoids. Moreover, REDD1 knockdown resulted in similar consequences in organotypic raft cultures of primary human keratinocytes. Expression profiling revealed that gene activation by glucocorticoids was strongly altered in REDD1 KO epidermis. In contrast, the down‐regulation of genes involved in anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid response was strikingly similar in wild‐type and REDD1 KO mice. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of our and published gene array data revealed similar changes of gene expression in epidermis and in muscle undergoing glucocorticoid‐dependent and glucocorticoid‐independent atrophy. Importantly, the lack of REDD1 did not diminish the anti‐inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in preclinical model. Our findings suggest that combining steroids with REDD1 inhibitors may yield a novel, safer glucocorticoid‐based therapies.
¿Qué entiende Feyerabend por Metafísica?
Authors: Gargiulo María Teresa 
Published: December 2014

Feyerabend a lo largo de su obra varía y reforma el abordaje de la cuestión acerca de la relación entre ciencia y metafísica. Sus especialistas conocen con frecuencia cómo plantea dicha cuestión entre los 60 y finales de los 70, cuando está preocupado por resolver el problema de la inconmensurabilidad. Pero desconocen su posterior evolución. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar, a través de las confrontaciones que Feyerabend mantiene con sus interlocutores, las distintas connotaciones y roles que adquiere la metafísica respecto a la ciencia. Creemos que de este modo intentaremos hacer justicia a un pensador que no sido aún suficientemente comprendido y valorado.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ag.34.1.1721
Lectura categorial de Marx y dialéctica de la modernidad
Authors: Martín Facundo Nahuel 
Published: December 2014

Siguiendo especialmente la lectura categorial de Moishe Postone, me propongo reconstruir los elementos de una teoría crítica de la modernidad en el pensamiento de Marx. Esta teoría prescinde de toda filosofía de la historia universal, asentándose en cambio en la comprensión históricamente situada del nexo social en el capitalismo. A la vez, el énfasis categorial en las mutaciones nexo social amplía los alcances de la teoría marxiana hacia una visión comprehensiva de la dinámica de la sociedad moderna, incluyendo las transformaciones en la subjetividad. El capital produce una mutación dual en las formas del nexo social, en virtud de la cual pluraliza y multilateraliza radicalmente los patrones de interacción humana, pero a la vez los homogeneiza bajo las constricciones sistemáticas de la reproducción del valor. El pensamiento de Marx, que excede ampliamente a una teoría de la lucha de clases, ilumina estas contradicciones en el nexo social moderno.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ag.34.1.1918