bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Banach Fixed Point Theorem: selected topics from its hundred-year history
Authors: Jachymski Jacek , Jóźwik Izabela , Terepeta Małgorzata 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOn June 24, 1920 Stefan Banach presented his doctoral dissertation titled O operacjach na zbiorach abstrakcyjnych i ich zastosowaniach do równañ całkowych (On operations on abstract sets and their applications to integral equations) to the Philosophy Faculty of Jan Kazimierz University in Lvov. He passed his PhD examinations in mathematics, physics and philosophy, and in January 1921 he became a doctor. A year later, he published the results of his doctorate in Fundamenta Mathematicae. Among them there was the theorem known today as the Banach Fixed Point Theorem or the Banach Contraction Principle. It is one of the most famous theorems in mathematics, one of many under the name of Banach. It concerns certain mappings (called contractions) of a complete metric space into itself and it gives the conditions sufficient for the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point of such mapping. In 2022 we had a centenary of publishing this theorem. In the paper, we want to present its most important modifications and generalizations, several contractive conditions, the converse theorems and some applications. It is not possible to provide complete information about what has been written during the last hundred years about the Banach Fixed Point Theorem and we are just trying to touch on some breakthrough moments in the development of the metric fixed point theory. The main purpose of this article is to organize the knowledge on this subject and to elaborate a broad bibliography which all interested persons can refer to.
Production or transmission investments? A comparative analysis
Authors: de Paz Mario Blazquez 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe European electricity market is moving towards an integration process, and to facilitate that integration and the flow of electricity in that market, the European Transmission System Operator proposes different investments in transmission and production capacities. I develop a model of imperfect competition to study those investments, and I identify the economic forces that determine the equilibrium price and the flow of electricity: The size and the competitive effects. I prove formally when those forces operate simultaneously or independently, and how they determine consumers’ surplus and suppliers’ profits. I prove that an investment in transmission capacity outperforms an investment in production capacity by maximizing consumers’ welfare, but the performance in terms of suppliers’ profits is ambiguous.
Late Cretaceous marine flooding and installation of a mangrove swamp environment in the Prebetic (Betic External Zones, SE Spain)
Authors: Reolid Matías , Sánchez-Gómez Mario , Laita Elisa , Sanz David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) sedimentary rocks of the External Prebetic (Betic Cordillera) in the Sierra de Montearagón-Carcelén (SE Spain) record the transgression and flooding of continental deposits and the subsequent development of an inner shallow carbonate platform. The transgressive surface is densely colonized by infaunal trace-makers of the Glossifungites ichnofacies (Gastrochaenolites and Glossifungites), which indicate sediment starvation and erosion as well as colonization of a firmground. The first deposits were a thick calcarenite bar (2 to 11 m) with large-scale cross-bedding pointing to a high-energy environment in a shallow carbonate platform. The record of the Rosselia ichnofacies (Rosselia and Ophiomorpha) confirms a loose sandy bottom under high-energy conditions. The overlaying stratigraphic succession is characterized by subtidal laminated marly limestones and intertidal limestones with rhizoliths interpreted as a mangrove swamp environment. These facies are organized in shallowing-upwards sedimentary sequences. An episodic high-energy event is represented by bivalve-rich limestones representing shell lags of disarticulated valves. This facies could be related to a climatic perturbation evidenced by a negative excursion of δ13C and δ18O. The successive shallowing-upwards sedimentary sequences persisted thanks to subsidence related to the tectonically controlled depocenters located in the south of the Sierra de Montearagón-Carcelén. The differential subsidence, evidenced by the increasing thickness towards the south of the sector under study, suggests the activity of listric faults that controlled the depocenters. This is the first report of the Cenomanian transgression in this sector of the External Prebetic and the first record of the very extensive mangrove swamp that developed close to the land that emerged.
Using the classic trolley problem to teach AI students and researchers about their role as moral agents, and why they should be subject to moral scrutiny
Authors: Young Garry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis commentary proposes a means of teaching students – particularly computer science students – about their role as moral agents, who, on account of this role, are necessarily subject to moral scrutiny. It utilizes the classic Trolley Problem; but instead of focusing on the morality of the decision the bystander makes, it focuses, initially, on the role of the bystander as an agent of action, capable of effecting change and then, more importantly, as a moral agent whose action capabilities are subject to moral scrutiny. I believe that using the Trolley Problem in this way provides those tasked with teaching ethics to computer science students (but also others) a practical means of drawing attention not simply to whatever guidelines (e.g., code of ethics) have been produced in relation to AI and IT research, but to the fact that students and researchers alike are moral agents, however reluctant they may be to embrace this fact in the context of their studies and/or research.
A novel method for measuring center-axis velocity of unmanned aerial vehicles through synthetic motion blur images
Authors: Zhan Quanxi , Zhou Yanmin , Zhang Junrui , Sun Chenyang , Shen Runjie , He Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate velocity measurement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is essential in various applications. Traditional vision-based methods rely heavily on visual features, which are often inadequate in low-light or feature-sparse environments. This study presents a novel approach to measure the axial velocity of UAVs using motion blur images captured by a UAV-mounted monocular camera. We introduce a motion blur model that synthesizes imaging from neighboring frames to enhance motion blur visibility. The synthesized blur frames are transformed into spectrograms using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. We then apply a binarization process and the Radon transform to extract light-dark stripe spacing, which represents the motion blur length. This length is used to establish a model correlating motion blur with axial velocity, allowing precise velocity calculation. Field tests in a hydropower station penstock demonstrated an average velocity error of 0.048 m/s compared to ultra-wideband (UWB) measurements. The root-mean-square error was 0.025, with an average computational time of 42.3 ms and CPU load of 17%. These results confirm the stability and accuracy of our velocity estimation algorithm in challenging environments.
Maximizing intrusion detection efficiency for IoT networks using extreme learning machine
Authors: Altamimi Shahad , Abu Al-Haija Qasem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are crucial for safeguarding modern IoT communication networks against cyberattacks. IDSs must exhibit exceptional performance, low false positive rates, and significant flexibility in constructing attack patterns to efficiently identify and neutralize these attacks. This research paper discusses the use of an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) as a new technique to enhance the performance of IDSs. The study utilizes two standard IDS-based IoT network datasets: NSL-KDD 2009 via Distilled-Kitsune 2021. Both datasets are used to assess the effectiveness of ELM in a conventional supervised learning setting. The study investigates the capacity of the ELM algorithm to handle high-dimensional and unbalanced data, indicating the potential to enhance IDS accuracy and efficiency. The research also examines the setup of ELM for both NSL_KDD and Kitsune using Python and Google COLAB to do binary and multi-class classification. The experimental evaluation revealed the proficient performance of the proposed ELM-based IDS among other implemented supervised learning-based IDSs and other state-of-the-art models in the same study area.
The evolution of the multidisciplinary tumor board in orthopedic oncology: from its historical roots to its future potential
Authors: Goker Barlas , Shea Mary , Zhang Ranxin , Wang Jichuan , Ferrena Alexander , Chae Sung-Suk , Borjihan Hasibagan , Yang Rui , Hoang Bang H. , Geller David S. , Thornhill Beverly A. , Haramati Nogah , Lu Chuanyong , Laurini Javier A. , Villanueva-Siles Esperanza , Mardakhaev Edward 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of the multidisciplinary tumor board as a tool or mechanism for orthopedic oncology care, to highlight its evolution and changing role over time, to assess its strengths and weaknesses, and to report our institutional experience as an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Methods
We reviewed the relevant literature about multidisciplinary tumor boards in orthopedic oncology, and summarized the articles to provide a summary of the topic. Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed our electronic medical records to analyze the distribution, characteristics, and numbers of the cases that were discussed.

Results
Our retrospective institutional review revealed a total of 1178 individual patients discussed between August 2018 and August 2023. There was an even distribution of patients by sex, with 549 female (50.2%) patients and 544 male (49.8%). Diagnoses peaked in the second and sixth decades of life (189 and 175 patients, respectively). The majority of patients were discussed once (55%) or twice (21%). The most common neoplastic diagnosis that was presented in these meetings was giant cell tumor of bone (n = 51). Osteosarcoma (n = 41) was the most common diagnosis among the primary malignant bone tumors, and liposarcomas (n = 41) were the most frequently discussed soft tissue sarcoma histology.

Conclusion
Tumor boards have played a central role in cancer care for almost a century. Our experience at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center has yielded a review of over a thousand individual cases in only a 5-year span of time.
Moral and formal model-based control strategy for autonomous vehicles at traffic-light-free intersections
Authors: Zhou Teng , Zhao Yongsheng , Lin Zhizhe , Zhou Jinglin , Li Huan , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaking an effective traffic strategy is a challenging problem that involves efficiency and safety, where traffic lights play an important role. Especially in cases without traffic lights, creating traffic strategies benefits significantly more complex and challenging. This complexity underscores the importance of research on autonomous vehicles, which has been trained widespread attention in recent years. In order to avoid these potential crises, the designed traffic strategy at traffic light-free intersections must be effective and reliable, ensuring the basic processes work properly. In this paper, we propose a novel method to formally model the traffic strategy for vehicles to make sure they safely and orderly pass through traffic light-free intersections. We use the state space analysis method to analyze the vehicle traffic model to ensure the decision made at each step is correct. By using Petri net, our proposed model achieves excellent analytical capabilities for asynchronous or highly concurrent systems than simpler Unified Modeling Language (UML) systems, as well as the ability to dynamically analyze system security and reliability.
Past and Future Trends in Clear‐Air Turbulence Over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Foudad Mohamed , Sanchez‐Gomez Emilia , Jaravel Thomas , Rochoux Mélanie C. , Terray Laurent 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClear‐Air Turbulence (CAT) is associated with wind shear in the vicinity of jet streams in upper atmospheric levels. This turbulence occurs in cloudless regions and causes most weather‐related aircraft accidents. Recent studies have shown that in response to climate change, CAT could significantly increase over certain regions as a consequence of strengthening of jet streams. In this study we use several atmospheric reanalyses and coupled model experiments database to evaluate CAT recent and future changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Several CAT diagnostics are computed to assess the sensitivity of the results to different turbulence representations. A significant positive trend in CAT frequency is found in the reanalyses in different Northern Hemisphere regions over the period 1980–2021. The signal‐to‐noise analysis shows that over North Africa, East Asia and Middle East the increase of CAT occurrence in the last decades is likely attributed to the response to anthropogenic forcing. In contrast, over the North Atlantic and North Pacific the response to external forcing is not detectable due to a weak signal to noise ratio related to large internal variability. Future climate projections show that over several Northern Hemisphere regions, CAT is projected to increase with a high model agreement and independently of the CAT diagnostic used. The largest increase in CAT is projected to occur over East Asia. In the North Atlantic, large uncertainty remains due to lack of model agreement and different results between the various CAT diagnostics.
Warming Tropical Indian Ocean Wets the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Aoqi , Yuan Chaoxia , Luo Jing‐Jia , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate detection and attribution of past climate change are crucial for projecting future climate change and formulating proper policies. In this study, we show that the warming of the tropical Indian Ocean contributes to the observed wetting trend in the Tibetan plateau. The warming tropical Indian Ocean can lead to more precipitation around the Arabian Sea. The associated diabatic heating triggers the cyclonic atmospheric response in the lower troposphere over the Arabian Sea and eastern Africa. It also causes the enhancement and westward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high. The in‐between airflow transports more moisture northward to the plateau, leading to the increased precipitation over the plateau. These large‐scale circulation patterns can be detected from the long‐term trends based on the observations and the large‐ensemble historical simulations. They can also be simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model forced by the observed warming merely in the tropical Indian Ocean.
Detection and Energy Dissipation of ULF Waves in the Polar Ionosphere: A Case Study Using the EISCAT Radar
Authors: van Hazendonk C. M. , Baddeley L. , Laundal K. M. , Chau J. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUltra‐low frequency (ULF) waves transfer energy and momentum into the ionosphere‐thermosphere system. To quantify this energy, this paper first presents a new method to quantitatively detect ULF waves in Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) data based on 2D fast‐Fourier transforms and subsequent reconstruction of the wave. In parallel with other data sets, including optical, magnetometer, satellite, and models, we present the first full ionospheric energy dissipation rates for a ULF wave, split into electromagnetic (EM) and kinetic fluxes. The EM energy deposition is calculated from the use of the Poynting theorem, looking at Joule and frictional heating rates, where both rates show the same order of magnitude (1.24 × 1013 and 7.3 × 1012 J) respectively when integrated over the wave lifetime of 2 hr 15 min and an area of 4° magnetic latitude × 74° magnetic longitude. However, contrary to the common assumption that the EM flux is dominant, we determined the kinetic flux, to be almost equal in magnitude (8.7 × 1012 J). This indicates that previous papers might have underestimated the total energy dissipation by ULF waves. Compared to the substorm energy budget, we find that locally, the ULF wave event studied here makes up approximately 10% of a typical substorm cycle budget.
Quasi‐Diurnal Lunar Tide O1 in Ionospheric Total Electron Content at Solar Minimum
Authors: Hocke Klemens , Wang Wenyue , Cahyadi Mokhamad Nur , Ma Guanyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor the first time, characteristics of the geographical and seasonal distribution of the quasi‐diurnal lunar O1 tide were derived from a time series of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps provided by International Global Navigation Satellite System Service (IGS). The data analysis is focused on solar minimum in 2008 and 2009 where disturbing influences of geomagnetic and solar activity were minimal. We found that the magnitude of the O1 tide is as strong as the “dominant” semidiurnal lunar M2 tide. Relative amplitudes of 10% and larger are observed in some regions for the O1 component in TEC. The O1 component is particularly strong in northern hemispheric winter over the west coast of South America. There, two maxima occur which are northward and southward of the magnetic equator in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest regions. Following Yamazaki et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ja024601), it might be assumed that a longitudinal anomaly of ionospheric conductivities in the Peruvian sector leads to a stronger modulation of the equatorial electrojet by the lunar tides. Electrodynamic lifting of plasma and transport to the EIA crests may explain the variations of the O1 component in TEC. Contrary to many studies, we find the O1 component (period 25.82 hr) more important than the M1 component (period 24.84 hr, a lunar day). We show that the geographical distribution of the O1 component is totally different from that of the M1 component which is smaller. The seasonal variation of O1 shows maximal amplitudes in northern hemispheric winter and minimal amplitudes in southern hemispheric winter.
Modeling GIC in the Southern South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand Using Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Pratscher K. M. , Ingham M. , Mac Manus D. H. , Kruglyakov M. , Heise W. , Rodger C. J. , Divett T. , Bertrand E. , Dalzell M. , Brundell J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMagnetotelluric (MT) impedances from 62 sites in southern South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand have been used to model geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in four transformers during two solar storms. Induced electric fields during the storms are calculated from the MT impedances using the magnetic fields measured at the Eyrewell (EYR) geomagnetic observatory, approximately 200 km north of the study area. Calculated GIC during the sudden storm commencements (SSC) give a generally good match to GIC measured by the network operator, Transpower New Zealand. Long period GIC (periods longer than about 10,000 s) are less well modeled. Calculations based on thin‐sheet modeling, which has restrictions on the shortest period of variation which can be modeled, perform less well for the GIC associated with SSC, but are equally good, if not better, at modeling longer period GIC. Consistent underestimation of large GIC at one transformer (HWBT4) near Dunedin are likely to be the result of uncertainty in the assumed values of line, transformer, and earthing resistances. The assumption of a spatially uniform magnetic field across the study area, which is implied by use of the magnetic field measured at EYR as a basis for calculation, may also lead to incorrect calculation of GIC. For one storm use of magnetic field data from a magnetometer within the study area leads to much improved modeling of the observed GIC. This study compares modeled and measured GIC using specifically measured MT impedance data.
Validating genetic variants in innate immunity linked to infectious events in acute myeloid leukemia post-induction chemotherapy
Authors: Schnetzke Ulf , Fischer Mike , Röllig Christoph , Scherag André , Altmann Heidi , Stölzel Friedrich , Alakel Nael , Bornhäuser Martin , Hochhaus Andreas , Scholl Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfectious events, such as sepsis and invasive fungal disease (IFD), pose significant risks in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Previous studies, including our own, have suggested a potential role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the innate immune system in influencing individual infection susceptibility. However, many of these associations lack validation in independent cohorts. This study sought to validate the impact of 11 candidate SNPs across 6 genes (TLR2, TLR4, Dectin-1, DC-SIGN, PTX3, L-Ficolin) in an independent cohort of patients. Two cohorts with newly diagnosed AML patients receiving intensive induction chemotherapy were analyzed: a stratification cohort comprising 186 patients and a validation cohort consisting of 138 patients. Multiple SNPs in each cohort were found to be associated to infectious complications, notably the DC-SIGN SNP rs4804800 demonstrated a significant association with sepsis in both cohorts. SNPs within the PTX3 and Dectin-1 genes were linked to IFD development in one cohort each. This study represents the first validation study of candidate genes associated with infectious events in AML patients after intensive induction chemotherapy. Identifying genetic predispositions to infections could significantly impact the management of antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment in AML patients.
Flavor-switchable scaffold for cultured meat with enhanced aromatic properties
Authors: Lee Milae , Choi Woojin , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Seung Tae , Koh Won-Gun , Hong Jinkee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCultured meat is emerging as a new type of food that can provide animal protein in a sustainable way. Many previous studies employed various types of scaffolds to develop cultured meat with similar properties to slaughtered meat. However, important properties such as flavor were not discussed, even though they determine the quality of food. Flavor characteristics vary dramatically depending on the amount and types of amino acids and sugars that produce volatile compounds through the Maillard reaction upon cooking. In this study, a flavor-switchable scaffold is developed to release meaty flavor compounds only upon cooking temperature mimicking the Maillard reaction of slaughtered meat. By introducing a switchable flavor compound (SFC) into a gelatin-based hydrogel, we fabricate a functional scaffold that can enhance the aromatic properties of cultured meat. The temperature-responsive SFC stably remains in the scaffold during the cell culture period and can be released at the cooking temperature. Surprisingly, cultured meat fabricated with this flavor-switchable scaffold exhibits a flavor pattern similar to that of beef. This research suggests a strategy to develop cultured meat with enhanced sensorial characteristics by developing a functional scaffold which can mimic the natural cooking flavors of conventional meat.