bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ultrashort echo time sequences for MRI of an ancient mummified human hand
Authors: Özen Ali Caglar , Ludwig Ute , Öhrström Lena Maria , Rühli Frank Jakobus , Bock Michael 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo compare the three different short‐echo time (TE) pulse sequences ultrashort echo time (UTE), point‐wise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA), and single point imaging (SPI) for MRI of ancient remains.MethodsMRI of mummies is challenging due to the extremely low water content and the very short transverse relaxation times T2*. To overcome the signal loss associated with the short T2*, three pulse sequences with very short TEs were compared. MR images of an ancient mummified human hand were acquired at field strengths of 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3T using home‐made solenoid Tx/Rx radiofrequency (RF) coils.ResultsIn all MR images, tissues could be differentiated and anatomical structures such as bones and tendons were clearly identified. Skin with embalming resin was hyperintense in MRI, whereas it appeared iso‐intense in computed tomography. PETRA has the highest signal to noise ratio. With UTE, short scan times and a homogeneous RF excitation can be achieved, and blurring is less pronounced than with PETRA. SPI shows no blurring artifacts; however, it requires long scan times.ConclusionThis work provided an initial analysis for the optimization of imaging protocols for paleoradiology studies with MRI, and, ultimately, for MRI of tissue with extremely short T2*. Magn Reson Med 75:701–708, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sliding‐slab three‐dimensional TSE imaging with a spiral‐In/Out readout
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Wang Dinghui , Robison Ryan K. , Zwart Nicholas R. , Schär Michael , Karis John P. , Pipe James G. 
Published: March 2015

PurposeT2‐weighted imaging is of great diagnostic value in neuroimaging. Three‐dimensional (3D) Cartesian turbo spin echo (TSE) scans provide high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contiguous slice coverage. The purpose of this preliminary work is to implement a novel 3D spiral TSE technique with image quality comparable to 2D/3D Cartesian TSE.MethodsThe proposed technique uses multislab 3D TSE imaging. To mitigate the slice boundary artifacts, a sliding‐slab method is extended to spiral imaging. A spiral‐in/out readout is adopted to minimize the artifacts that may be present with the conventional spiral‐out readout. Phase errors induced by B0 eddy currents are measured and compensated to allow for the combination of the spiral‐in and spiral‐out images. A nonuniform slice encoding scheme is used to reduce the truncation artifacts while preserving the SNR performance.ResultsPreliminary results show that each of the individual measures contributes to the overall performance, and the image quality of the results obtained with the proposed technique is, in general, comparable to that of 2D or 3D Cartesian TSE.Conclusion3D sliding‐slab TSE with a spiral‐in/out readout provides good‐quality T2‐weighted images, and, therefore, may become a promising alternative to Cartesian TSE. Magn Reson Med 75:729–738, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fitness is a determinant of the metabolic response to endurance training in adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sénéchal Martin , Rempel Meaghan , Duhamel Todd A. , MacIntosh Andrea C. , Hay Jacqueline , Wicklow Brandy , Wittmeier Kristy , Shen Garry X. , McGavock Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether changes in cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with the metabolic response to endurance training in adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSeventy‐three overweight and obese adolescents completed a 6‐month endurance exercise intervention. Total fat mass, trunk fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and liver fat were assessed with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy.ResultsThe change in cardiorespiratory fitness with training was independently associated with reductions in BMI z‐score (β = −0.09; P = 0.006), total fat mass (β = −1.40; P = 0.007), trunk fat mass (β = −0.70; P = 0.01), and liver fat (β = −1.80; P = 0.053). Adolescents within the highest tertile of change in fitness were 4.67 (95% CI: 1.15‐13.73; P = 0.03), 11.90 (95% CI: 2.37‐59.77; P = 0.002), and 6.21 (95% CI: 1.14‐33.99; P = 0.035) times more likely to experience decreases in body weight, BMI, and liver fat compared with adolescents in the lowest tertile.ConclusionsThe changes in adiposity and hepatic triglyceride content in response to endurance training are significantly related to the increase in cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents at risk of T2DM.
Hyperammonemic syndrome after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Fenves Andrew Z. , Shchelochkov Oleg A. , Mehta Ankit 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveHyperammonemic encephalopathy is an uncommon but severe complication of the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery for obesity. Mechanisms underlying this complication are incompletely understood, resulting in delayed recognition and management. This study evaluated common laboratory findings and possible etiology of hyperammonemic encephalopathy after successful Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery.MethodsA retrospective review of 20 patients identified through our own clinical practice was conducted, with the addition of similar cases from other institutions identified through the review of literature.ResultsPatients presenting with hyperammonemic encephalopathy after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery presented with overlapping clinical and laboratory findings. Common features included: (1) weight loss following successful Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass for obesity; (2) hyperammonemic encephalopathy accompanied by elevated plasma glutamine levels; (3) absence of cirrhosis; (4) hypoalbuminemia; and (5) low plasma zinc levels. The mortality rate was 50%. Ninety‐five percent of patients were women. Three patients were diagnosed with proximal urea cycle disorders. One patient experienced improvement in the hyperammonemia after surgical correction of spontaneous splenorenal shunt.ConclusionsHyperammonemic encephalopathy after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery is a newly recognized, potentially fatal syndrome with diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms encompassing genetic and nongenetic causes.
Association of UCP‐3 rs1626521 with obesity and stomach functions in humans
Authors: Acosta Andres , Camilleri Michael , Shin Andrea , Vazquez‐Roque Maria I. , Iturrino Johanna , Lanza Ian R. , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Burton Duane , O'Neill Jessica , Eckert Deborah , Carlson Paula , Vella Adrian , Zinsmeister Alan R. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the association of gene variants of uncoupling proteins (UCP)‐2 and −3 with obesity and gastrointestinal (GI) traits.MethodsIn 255 overweight or obese adults, the associations of gene variants in UCP‐2 (−3474, rs659366) and UCP‐3 (rs1626521, rs2075577, rs15763) with body weight (BW) and GI traits were studied. Gene variants were genotyped by TaqMan® assay. The associations of genotypes with BW and GI traits (gastric emptying, gastric volume, satiety by buffet meal, satiation by nutrient drink test and GI hormones) were assessed using ANOVA corrected for false detection rate (FDR).ResultsA novel UCP‐3 gene variant, rs1626521, was identified; it was associated with BW (P = 0.039), waist circumference (P = 0.035), and significantly higher postprandial gastric volume (P = 0.003) and calories ingested at buffet meal (P = 0.006, both significant with FDR). In a subgroup of 11 participants, rs1626521 was also associated with reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics efficiency in skeletal muscle (P = 0.051). In an in vitro study in HEK293 cells, rs1626521 reduced UCP‐3 protein expression (P = 0.049). Associations detected between other genotypes and GI traits were nonsignificant with FDR.ConclusionsA newly identified functional variant (rs1626521) in UCP‐3 affects postprandial gastric functions and satiety and may contribute to weight gain and alter human mitochondrial function.
Maternal prepregnancy obesity and achievement of infant motor developmental milestones in the upstate KIDS study
Authors: Wylie Amanda , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Kus Christopher , Ghassabian Akhgar , Yeung Edwina H. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveMaternal prepregnancy obesity is associated with several poor infant health outcomes; however, studies that investigated motor development have been inconsistent. Thus, maternal prepregnancy weight status and infants' gross motor development were examined.MethodsParticipants consisted of 4,901 mother–infant pairs from the Upstate KIDS study, a longitudinal cohort in New York. Mothers indicated dates when infants achieved each of six gross motor milestones when infants were 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months old. Failure time modeling under a Weibull distribution was utilized to compare time to achievement across three levels of maternal prepregnancy BMI. Hazard ratios (HR) below one indicate a lower “risk” of achieving the milestone and translate to later achievement.ResultsCompared to infants born to thin and normal‐weight mothers (BMI < 25), infants born to mothers with obesity (BMI > 30) were slower to sit without support (HR = 0.91, P = 0.03) and crawl on hands and knees (HR = 0.86, P < 0.001), after adjusting for maternal and birth characteristics. Increased gestational age was associated with faster achievement of all milestones, but additional adjustment did not impact results.ConclusionsMaternal prepregnancy obesity was associated with a slightly longer time for infant to sit and crawl, potentially due to a compromised intrauterine environment or reduced physically active play.
Insulin response to oral stimuli and glucose effectiveness increased in neuroglycopenia following gastric bypass
Authors: Patti Mary Elizabeth , Li Ping , Goldfine Allison B. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveHyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with neuroglycopenia is a rare complication following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery for weight management. Insulin secretion and action in response to oral and intravenous stimuli in persons with and without neuroglycopenia following RYGB are evaluated in this study.MethodsCross‐sectional cohort studies were performed at a single academic institution to assess insulin secretion and action during oral mixed meal tolerance test and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).ResultsInsulin secretion was increased more following oral mixed meal than intravenous glucose in individuals with neuroglycopenia compared to the asymptomatic group. Reduced insulin clearance did not contribute to higher insulinemia. Glucose effectiveness at zero insulin, estimated during the IVGTT, was also higher in those with neuroglycopenia. Insulin sensitivity did not differ between groups.ConclusionsIncreased beta‐cell response to oral stimuli and insulin‐independent glucose disposal may both contribute to severe hypoglycemia after RYGB.
Quantitative functional characterization of conserved molecular interactions in the active site of mannitol 2‐dehydrogenase
Authors: Lucas James E. , Siegel Justin B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEnzyme active site residues are often highly conserved, indicating a significant role in function. In this study we quantitate the functional contribution for all conserved molecular interactions occurring within a Michaelis complex for mannitol 2‐dehydrogenase derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens (pfMDH). Through systematic mutagenesis of active site residues, we reveal that the molecular interactions in pfMDH mediated by highly conserved residues not directly involved in reaction chemistry can be as important to catalysis as those directly involved in the reaction chemistry. This quantitative analysis of the molecular interactions within the pfMDH active site provides direct insight into the functional role of each molecular interaction, several of which were unexpected based on canonical sequence conservation and structural analyses.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Public Health Genetics and Genomics
Authors: McWalter Kirsty , Gaviglio Amy 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Genetic Counseling is dedicated to public health genetics and genomics. The seventeen papers featured in this issue span such topics as genetic counselors in public health roles, newborn screening, population screening, ethics, and health beliefs and behaviors. In this introduction to the special issue, we review some history of public health genetics and genomics, present the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's “10 Essential Public Health Services” with associated geneticsspecificrecommendations and priorities, and briefly overview how each article ties into the world of public health genetics and genomics. We hope this issue encourages genetic counselors to visualize their everexpanding and important roles in public health genetics and genomics, as well as their contributions to improving population health.
The role of molecular imaging in the evaluation of myocardial and peripheral angiogenesis
Authors: Stacy Mitchel R. , Paeng Jin Chul , Sinusas Albert J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAngiogenesis, or the formation of new microvasculature, is a physiological process that may occur in the setting of chronic tissue ischemia and can play an important role in improving tissue perfusion and blood flow following myocardial infarction or in the presence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Molecular imaging of angiogenesis within the cardiovascular system is a developing field of study. Targeted imaging of angiogenesis has the potential for non-invasive assessment of the underlying molecular signaling events associated with the angiogenic process and, when applied in conjunction with physiological perfusion imaging, may be utilized to predict and evaluate clinical outcomes in the setting of ischemic heart disease or PVD. This review discusses the developing radiotracer-based imaging techniques and technology currently in use that possess potential for clinical translation, with specific focus on PET and SPECT imaging of myocardial and peripheral angiogenesis.
Scaffolding the retina: The interstitial extracellular matrix during rat retinal development
Authors: Taylor Linnéa , Arnér Karin , Engelsberg Karl , Ghosh Fredrik 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeTo examine the expression of interstitial extracellular matrix components and their role during retinal development.Material and methodsFibronectin (FN), collagen IV (Coll IV) and laminin 5 (Lam 5) expression in rat retinas from developmental stages E17 to adult were studied. In addition, PN5 full‐thickness retinas were cultured for 7 days with dispase, which selectively cleaves FN and Coll IV, at either 0.5 U/ml or 5.0 U/ml for 3 or 24 h. Eyecups and retinal cultures were examined morphologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.ResultsColl IV, Lam 5 and FN were all transiently expressed in the interstitial matrix of the retinal layers during development. The retinal layers in dispase treated explants was severely disturbed in a dose and time dependent manner.ConclusionsFN, Lam 5 and Coll IV, are present in the interstitial extracellular matrix during rat retinal development. Enzymatic cleavage of FN and Coll IV early in the lamination process disrupts the retinal layers implicating their pivotal role in this process.
Medial and Lateral Heel Whips: Prevalence and Characteristics in Recreational Runners
Authors: Souza Richard B. , Hatamiya Nicolas , Martin Carly , Aramaki Andrew , Martinelli Brian , Wong Jamie , Luke Anthony 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and characteristics of recreational runners with medial and lateral heel whips.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingClinical research laboratory.ParticipantsA total of 256 recreationally active runners and joggers participated.Main Outcome MeasuresHigh‐definition video was acquired from a posterior view while runners ran at a self‐selected pace on a treadmill. Heel whips, defined as the medial or lateral rotation of the foot in the transverse plane during initial swing, were measured with Dartfish software. Subjects were stratified by direction (medial and lateral) and severity (W_5‐10 = 5‐10 degrees; W_10+ = >10 degrees) of heel whip. Body mass index and gender comparisons, as well as measurement reliability, also were explored.ResultsMean heel whip angle across runners was 0.4 degrees (medial) with a standard deviation of 9.2 degrees. Of the 512 feet analyzed, 274 (54%) demonstrated a 5 degree whip or greater. There was a similar number of medial and lateral heel whips observed (27% each). Female runners were twice as likely to demonstrate a lateral heel whip of greater than 8.9 degrees. Overweight runners had more medially directed whips when compared with normal and underweight runners.ConclusionsMore than half of the recreational runners studied were observed to have a medial or lateral heel whip of greater than 5 degrees. These data reveal the age, body mass index, and gender distribution of recreational runners with and without heel whips.
A Survey of Runners' Attitudes Toward and Experiences With Minimally Shod Running
Authors: Cohler Marissa H. , Casey Ellen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics, perceptions, motivating factors, experiences, and injury rates of runners who practice minimally shod running.DesignSurvey.Settingweb‐based questionnaire.ParticipantsFive‐hundred sixty‐six members of the Chicago Area Runner's Association.MethodsA link to a 31‐question online survey was e‐mailed to members of Chicago Area Runner's Association. Questions covered demographic information, use of minimalist‐style running shoes (MSRS), injury rates, and change in pain.Main Outcome MeasuresUse of MSRS, occurrence or improvement of injury/pain, regions of injury/pain, reasons for or for not using MSRS.ResultsOne‐hundred seventy‐five (31%) respondents had practiced minimally shod running, and the most common motivating factor was to decrease injuries and/or pain. Fifty‐one respondents (29%) suffered an injury or pain while wearing MSRS, with the most common body part involved being the foot. Fifty‐four respondents (31%) had an injury that improved after adopting minimally shod running; the most common area involved was the knee. One‐hundred twenty respondents (69%) were still using MSRS. Of those who stopped using MSRS, the main reason was development of an injury or pain. The most common reason that respondents have not tried minimally shod running is a fear of developing an injury.ConclusionThis survey‐based study demonstrated that the use of MSRS is common, largely as the result of a perception that they may reduce injuries or pain. Reductions and occurrences of injury/pain with minimally shod running were reported in approximately equal numbers. The most common site of reported injury/pain reduction was the knee, whereas the most common reported site of injury/pain occurrence was the foot. Fear of developing pain or injury is the most common reason runners are reluctant to try minimally shod running.
Influence of Knee Pain and Low Back Pain on the Quality of Life in Adults Older Than 50 Years of Age
Authors: Kim Won , Jin Young Soo , Lee Choon Sung , Bin Seong‐il , Lee Sang Yoon , Choi Kyoung Hyo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the impact of knee pain and low back pain (LBP) on quality of life (QoL) in people ≥50 years of age.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingA nationwide survey.ParticipantsA total of 1295 men and 1658 women aged ≥50 years from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in 2010.MethodsKnee pain and LBP were assessed by a questionnaire, and QoL was assessed by the EuroQol (EQ)‐5D, consisting of the EQ‐5D descriptive system and the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS). Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between knee pain or LBP and the EQ‐5D index or EQ‐VAS score.Main Outcome MeasurementsStandardized coefficient (β) for QoL according to the presence of knee pain or LBP.ResultsBoth men and women with knee pain or LBP had a lower QoL than those without them in all dimensions of the EQ‐5D, EQ‐5D index, and EQ‐VAS scores. Compared with most other chronic diseases, knee pain and LBP showed stronger negative correlations with the EQ‐5D index and EQ‐VAS score. In men, LBP showed a stronger negative correlation with the EQ‐VAS score than knee pain. The relative impact of LBP on knee pain was greater in people aged ≥65 years than in people aged 50–64 years, especially men.ConclusionsThese results suggest that knee pain and LBP are important factors affecting QoL in middle‐aged and elderly people and that LBP may be relatively more important than knee pain in elderly people, especially men. Proper management and prevention of these conditions can help to improve QoL.
Exploring the Relationship Between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Exposure and the Presence and Severity of Postconcussive Symptoms Among Veterans Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Baldassarre Megan , Smith Bridget , Harp Jordan , Herrold Amy , High Walter M. , Babcock‐Parziale Judith , Louise‐Bender Pape Theresa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the association between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and persisting postconcussive symptoms according to symptom category, number, and severity.DesignThe study design was observational.ParticipantsThe study sample comprised veterans (≥18 years of age) deployed in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) conflicts who had not received any treatment for mTBI in the 30 days preceding study enrollment.MethodsVeterans were interviewed and completed testing in a single day. The Standard TBI Diagnostic Interview and the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale were used. Testing included the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and a full neuropsychological battery. Gold standard classification methods were utilized to determine presence/absence of mTBI. For each of the 5 symptom outcomes, an adjusted multiple linear regression model (negative binomial count models) accounting for effects of socio‐demographic variables and behavioral health conditions was used.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf‐report of neurobehavioral symptoms categorized as affective, cognitive, somatic, and vestibular symptoms, in addition to the instruments specified above.ResultsOEF/OIF veterans with mTBI, relative to veterans with no mTBI, were observed to have 30% more symptoms overall (P < .001), 34% more somatic symptoms (P < .001), 22% more cognitive symptoms (P = .008), 15% more affective symptoms (P = .017), and 59% more vestibular symptoms (P < .001). For adjusted models, variables significantly related to number of symptoms across all 4 symptom categories were anxiety (all P < .001) and insomnia (all P < .001). For the adjusted models, variables significantly related to symptom severity across all 4 symptom categories were insomnia (all P < .001), depression (P < .001‐.05) and anxiety (all, P < .001).ConclusionsOEF/OIF veterans with mTBI, relative to veterans with no mTBI, have significantly more and significantly more severe persisting symptoms, with vestibular symptoms reported with the greatest frequency. After accounting for behavioral health conditions and socio‐demographic factors, OEF/OIF veterans with mTBI compared to veterans without mTBI had significantly more cognitive, affective, vestibular, and somatic symptoms persisting 4.8 years after the mTBI event(s).