bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Different Methods for Disinfection or Sterilization of Extracted Human Teeth to be Used for Dental Education Purposes
Authors: Mishra Amit , Garg Ashish , Chandki Rita , Maru Rahul , Gunwal Mohit 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine efficacy of commonly used methods of disinfection/sterilization of extracted human teeth.

Materials and methods
A total of 140 freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into 14 different groups and sterilized using different methods: Formalin, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium, glutaraldehyde, thymol, boiling, autoclaving, keeping sodium chloride as control. Following the assigned treatment procedures, teeth from each group were placed individually in separate test tubes containing 10 ml of tryptic soy broth at 37°C for 48 hours. Evidence of growth was observed after 2 days.

Results
A statistically significant difference in the outcomes was obtained when comparing the different methods of disinfection and sterilization.

Conclusion
It was concluded that immersion in 10% formalin for 1 week, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 1 week or autoclaving at 121°C at 20 psi for 40 minutes were significantly better than all other methods tested.

How to cite this article
Chandki R, Maru R, Gunwal M, Garg A, Mishra A. A Comparison of Different Methods for Disinfection or Sterilization of Extracted Human Teeth to be Used for Dental Education Purposes. World J Dent 2013;4(1):29-31.
Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Innovative Tool in Periodontal Diagnosis
Authors: Patil Suvarna H , Bhat Kishore G , Lotlekar Paresh S , Hombal Laxmi V 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Bacterial species colonizing the surfaces of the human oral cavity play an important role in oral health and disease and thus an accurate means of identification is crucial. Traditionally, identification has been based on microscopy, biochemical tests, immunofluorescence staining and antibiotic sensitivity. However, these tests are labor-intensive and costly, providing sometimes inconsistent results that make identification rather tentative. Recently, molecular DNA-based techniques have been used to identify bacteria directly from clinical samples. Development of a microbiological diagnostic kit using this technology therefore requires the ability to extract the bacterial DNA from the plaque sample and amplify the specific DNA sequence of the target periodontal pathogen. Polymerase chain reaction has emerged as the most powerful tool for the amplification of the genes and their RNA transcripts. The focus of this review is to describe the current status of the DNA-based method PCR which has become a standard diagnostic and research tool in dentistry.

How to cite this article
Patil SH, Bhat KG, Lotlekar PS, Hombal LV. Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Innovative Tool in Periodontal Diagnosis. World J Dent 2013;4(1):60-66.
Bilaterally Symmetrical Multiple Impacted Permanent Teeth in a Nonsyndromic Patient: A Rare Finding
Authors: Joyce Sequiera , Mathias Vincent , Rao BH Shripathi 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWhile impaction of tooth is widespread and common, multiple impacted teeth by itself is a rare condition which often is found in association with syndromes and also rarely reported in the literature. In some cases, however, impaction of multiple teeth is not accompanied by a fixed complex of symptoms. A 51- year-old male reported to our clinic with pain and sensitivity of his maxillary right last molar and mandibular anteriors respectively. IOPA and panoramic views revealed 4 impacted teeth in mandible (bilateral cuspids and I bicuspids) and 6 impacted teeth in maxilla (bilateral cuspids, I and II bicuspids). A total of 10 permanent teeth were impacted. In our case medical and family history along with extraoral examination were not suggestive of any syndrome or metabolic disorder. The rareness is the bilateral symmetrical pattern of impaction.How to cite this articleJoyce S, Mathias V, Rao BHS. Bilaterally Symmetrical Multiple Impacted Permanent Teeth in a Nonsyndromic Patient: A Rare Finding. World J Dent 2013;4(1):72-73.
Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis. A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Zwartelé Rob , Pöll Ruud G. 
Published: April 2013

Background Cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is allegedly associated with increased rates of infection, dislocation and aseptic loosening of cup and stem. Method Systematic review of the literature on clinical and radiological results of cemented THA in RA. Results Twenty-one case series and eight reports on four implant registries were included. The quality of most studies was judged to be poor. The reported rates of infection and dislocation in the case series were conflicting with a risk of bias due to under-registration. The registries proved unsuitable for providing reliable data on the incidence of these two complications. Increased rates of aseptic loosening were reported in 10 out of 20 case series on the cup and in six out of 19 on the stem. Nearly all of these were based on series implanted before 1980. None of the registries reported a significantly increased risk of aseptic loosening of cup or stem. Conclusions Considering the relatively frequent reports of increased infection rates in combination with the potential under-registration of complications, RA patients have to be considered to have a mild increased risk of postoperative infection. Case series and registries cannot answer the question of whether RA is a risk factor for dislocation as multivariate analysis is required. Increased rates of cup and stem failure due to aseptic loosening in RA patients are found in older but not in more recent studies.
Efficacy and Safety of Nonbiologic Immunosuppressants in the Treatment of Nonrenal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pego‐Reigosa José M. , Cobo‐Ibáñez Tatiana , Calvo‐Alén Jaime , Loza‐Santamaría Estíbaliz , Rahman Anisur , Muñoz‐Fernández Santiago , Rúa‐Figueroa Íñigo 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy and safety of nonbiologic immunosuppressants in the treatment of nonrenal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsWe conducted a sensitive literature search in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to October 2011. The selection criteria were studies including adult patients with SLE, a treatment intervention with nonbiologic immunosuppressants, a placebo or active comparator group, and outcome measures assessing efficacy and/or safety. Meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, clinical trials, and cohort studies were included. The quality of each study was evaluated using Jadad's scale and the Oxford Levels of Evidence.ResultsIn total, 158 of the 2,827 initially found articles were selected for detailed review; 65 studies fulfilled the predetermined criteria. Overall, the studies were low quality, with only 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Cyclophosphamide demonstrated efficacy for neuropsychiatric SLE, preventing relapses with an additional steroid‐sparing effect, although its use was associated with cumulative damage, development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and ovarian failure. Other immunosuppressants (azathioprine, methotrexate, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporin A) demonstrated efficacy in reducing nonrenal activity and flares with a steroid‐sparing effect, although only on occasion in non–placebo‐controlled RCTs of small numbers of patients.ConclusionSeveral immunosuppressants demonstrated their safety and efficacy in nonrenal SLE. A specific drug for each particular manifestation cannot be recommended, although cyclophosphamide may be used in more severe cases, and methotrexate may be the first option in most cases of moderately active SLE. High‐quality RCTs of larger numbers of patients are needed.
Intragenic ILRAPL1 deletion in a male patient with intellectual disability, mild dysmorphic signs, deafness, and behavioral problems
Authors: Barone Chiara , Bianca Sebastiano , Luciano Daniela , Di Benedetto Daniela , Vinci Mirella , Fichera Marco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntellectual disability affects approximately 2% of the population, with affected males outnumbering affected female, partly due to disturbances involving X‐linked genes. To date >90 genes associated with X‐linked intellectual disability have been identified and, among these, IL1RAPL1 (interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein‐like 1), was first described and mapped to Xp21.3‐22.1 in 1999. Intragenic deletions of IL1RAPL1, only rarely identified, have mostly been associated with nonspecific intellectual disability (IDX) and autism spectrum disorder. Array‐CGH analysis performed in our patient with intellectual disability, mild dysmorphic signs and changes in behavior identified a 285 Kb deletion in chromosome Xp21.3‐21.2, with breakpoints lying in IL1RAPL1 gene intron 2 and intron 3. This is the first patient reported in literature with deletion of only exon 3 of IL1RAPL1 gene. Our patient also exhibits bilateral progressive neurosensorial deafness, which has not been previously associated with IL1RAPL1 mutations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palmo‐Plantar hyperkeratosis, intellectual disability, and spastic paraplegia in two maternal half brothers: Further evidence for an X‐linked inheritance
Authors: Isidor Bertrand , Lefebvre Tiphaine , Barbarot Sébastien , Perrier Julie , Mercier Sandra , Péréon Yann , Le Caignec Cédric , David Albert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn 1983, Fitzsimmons et al. reported four brothers with an unrecognized disorder characterized by intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, and palmo‐plantar hyperkeratosis (OMIM 309500). In this report, we describe a family in which two males, maternal half‐brothers, had learning disabilities. Both patients also showed spasticity in the lower limbs and palmo‐plantar hyperkeratosis. The mother of the affected boys had learning difficulties but did not show any dermatological symptoms. This report confirms that the association of features reported by Fitzsimmons et al. is a distinct entity and further suggests an X‐linked mode of inheritance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
12q24.33 deletion: Report of a patient with intellectual disability and review of the literature
Authors: Kehrer Martin , Singer Sylke , Grasshoff Ute , Schäferhoff Karin , Bonin Michael , Riess Olaf , Schöning Martin , Tzschach Andreas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDeletions of chromosome band 12q24.33 are rare. We report on a 17‐year‐old male patient with intellectual disability but no major malformations or dysmorphic features in whom a de novo interstitial 660 kb deletion in 12q24.33 was detected by SNP array analysis. This deletion was secondary to a translocation t(12;14)(q24.3;q13)dn that also led to a small deletion in 14q21.1 and a small duplication in 2p23.1. The deletion overlaps with two previously published larger deletions in patients who suffered from intellectual disability, obesity, and polycystic kidney disease, indicating that haploinsufficiency of one or several of the genes in the deleted interval of the patient reported here causes intellectual deficits, but not obesity or renal problems. The 14 RefSeq genes that are harbored by this deletion include P2RX2, which had previously been proposed as a candidate gene for intellectual disability. Thus, the patient reported here broadens our knowledge of the phenotypic consequences of deletions in 12q24.33 and facilitates genotype–phenotype correlations for chromosome aberrations of this region. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anal atresia, coloboma, microphthalmia, and nasal skin tag in a female patient with 3.5 Mb deletion of 3q26 encompassing SOX2
Authors: Salem Nabeel J.M. , Hempel Maja , Heiliger Katrin‐Janine , Hosie Stuart , Meitinger Thomas , Oexle Konrad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA full term female newborn presented with prominent forehead, bilateral microphthalmia, iris coloboma and cataract, wide intercanthal distance, large, low‐set and protruding ears, skin tag at the left nasal nostril, imperforate anus with rectovestibular fistula, and postnatal growth delay with brachymicrocephaly. A marker chromosome was not detectable and the copy number of 22q11 was normal. However, array CGH revealed a 3.5 Mb microdeletion of chromosome region 3q26.32–3q26.33 (chr. 3: 178,598,162–182,114,483; hg19) which comprised the SOX2 gene. While SOX2 haploinsufficiency is known to cause microphthalmia and coloboma, it has not been described before in patients with anal atresia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial tetrasomy 14 associated with multiple malformations
Authors: Winberg Johanna , Lagerstedt Robinson Kristina , Naess Karin , Lesko Nicole , Wibom Rolf , Liedén Agne , Anderlid Britt‐Marie , Graff Caroline , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Nordgren Ann , Gustavsson Peter 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report on an 8‐year‐old female patient with multiple malformations including bilateral cleft lip and palate, coloboma, and craniosynostosis. She presented with severe intellectual disability, seizures, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Mitochondrial investigations in a muscle biopsy revealed reduced activity in complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Chromosome analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies showed an isodicentric marker chromosome 14 that was identified in all cells analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts. Parental chromosome studies were normal. To further characterize the marker chromosome and determine its origin, we performed array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and polymorphic marker analysis with quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF‐PCR). The combined results from cytogenetic and array‐CGH analyses showed tetrasomy 14p13q13.1 and results from the QF‐PCR point to formation of the marker chromosome in the maternal meiosis. Isodicentric chromosomes involving partial 14q have previously been reported in four cases; however, this is the first patient with tetrasomy 14p13q13.1 in non‐mosaic form surviving beyond infancy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Constitutional telomeric association (Y;7) in a patient with a female phenotype
Authors: Beneteau Claire , Baron Sabine , David Albert , Jossic Frédérique , Poulain Damien , Schmitt Sébastien , Leclair Marc‐David , Piloquet Philippe , Le Caignec Cédric 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTelomeric associations (TAs) are fusions between two telomeres of two different chromosomes without visible loss of chromosomal material. Constitutional telomeric associations are rare chromosomal anomalies. We report on the cytogenetic and molecular analyses of a TA involving chromosomes Y and 7 in a child with a female phenotype. Prenatal cytogenetic analysis showed a 45,X chromosome complement in all cells. No fetal abnormality was identified at ultrasound examinations and the pregnancy went to term. During childhood, the proband had gonadal dysgenesis but no other phenotypic manifestations of Turner syndrome. Molecular genetic analyses showed the presence of genomic DNA of the SRY gene without any mutation. Karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses on blood showed two cell lines: one cell line with a TA involving chromosomes Y and 7 [46,X,tas(Y;7)(p11.32;q36.3)] and a second cell line with a 45,X pattern. A human pantelomeric repeat TTAGGG probe hybridized to the junction of the TA within the derivative chromosome. FISH and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analyses demonstrated that tas(Y;7) occurred without detectable loss of any sequence at the derivative chromosome. SNP array analysis excluded an uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 7. Knowing more about TAs will help geneticists to deliver accurate genetic counseling. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The sherds of conquistadors: a petrological study of ceramics from Graciosa Bay and Pamua, Solomon Islands
Authors: Kelloway Sarah J. , Gibbs Martin , Craven Steven 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present evidence linking vessel forms with ceramic wares resulting from the petrological analysis of 33 sherds from two sixteenth century Spanish colonial sites in the Solomon Islands. Our results expand the range of fabric types previously published, and comparative literature analyses support earlier studies suggesting probable ceramic origins in the Americas and Spain.
Synthesis and Properties of Isobicyclo‐DNA
Authors: Gerber Anna‐Barbara , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present the synthesis of the isobicyclo‐DNA building blocks with the nucleobases A, C, G and T, as well as biophysical and biological properties of oligonucleotides derived thereof. The synthesis of the sugar part was achieved in 5 steps starting from a known intermediate of the tricyclo‐DNA synthesis. Dodecamers containing single isobicyclo‐thymidine incorporations, fully modified A‐ and T‐containing sequences, and fully modified oligonucleotides containing all four bases were synthesized and characterized. Isobicyclo‐DNA forms stable duplexes with natural nucleic acids with a pronounced preference for DNA over RNA as complements. The most stable duplexes, however, arise by self‐pairing. Isobicyclo‐DNA forms preferentially B‐DNA‐like duplexes with DNA and A‐like duplexes with complementary RNA as determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Self‐paired duplexes show a yet unknown structure, as judged from CD spectroscopy. Biochemical tests revealed that isobicyclo‐DNA is stable in fetal bovine serum and does not elicit RNaseH activity.
Comparison of GA and DDE for optimizing coverage in indoor environment
Authors: Liao Shu‐Han , Chiu Chien‐Ching , Ho Min‐Hui 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a method for determining the required number and locations of transmitting antennas to optimize wireless propagation coverage in indoor ultra‐wideband communication system. In the coverage prediction model, we use the three‐dimensional ray‐tracing technique associated to a genetic algorithm and a dynamic differential evolution for optimizing the transmitting antennas location in an indoor environment. The ray‐tracing method is employed to calculate the field strength from one or more transmitting antennas, and the optimization algorithm is used to determine the required number and locations of these antennas to achieve optimized wireless coverage in the indoor environment. The combined three‐dimensional ray‐tracing and optimization algorithm was applied in the indoor environment to find the best location of the transmitting antennas by maximizing the power in the coverage area. The use of deployments to minimize the transmitting antennas and maximize the power in the coverage area was proposed. Obtained simulation results illustrate the feasibility of using the integrated ray‐tracing and optimization method to find the optimal transmitter locations in determining the optimized coverage of a wireless network. The dynamic differential evolution has better optimization results compared with the genetic algorithm. The investigated results can help communication engineers improve their planning and design of indoor wireless communication. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionospheric ripples excited by superimposed wave fronts associated with Rayleigh waves in the thermosphere
Authors: Kakinami Yoshihiro , Kamogawa Masashi , Watanabe Shigeto , Odaka Masatsugu , Mogi Toru , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Sun Yang‐Yi , Yamada Takuji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCoseismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs) associated with the 2011 Tohoku earthquake off the Pacific coast (Mw 9.0, Tohoku EQ) were examined using total electron content and seismic wave data. A faster CID propagated at ~3.0 km/s only in the west‐southwest, while a slower CID propagated concentrically at 1.2 km/s or slower from the tsunami source area. Taking the propagation speed and oscillation cycle into account, the faster CID was associated with a Rayleigh wave, but the slower CID was associated with an acoustic or gravity wave. The north‐south asymmetry of the CID associated with the Rayleigh wave suggests that the Rayleigh wave did not act as a point source of the acoustic wave because a point source propagating in all directions must produce symmetric CID in all directions. Therefore, a superimposed wave front of acoustic waves was excited by the Rayleigh wave and produced the north‐south asymmetry of the faster CID due to the magnetic inclination effect, which is different from a well‐known north‐south asymmetry of CID excited at the epicenter. On the other hand, above and south of the tsunami source area, the CID with a period of 4 min was excited by a point source located at the tsunami source area because atmospheric waves propagating from a point source produce north‐south asymmetry in the resulting CID.
Cluster observations of hot flow anomalies with large flow deflections: 1. Velocity deflections
Authors: Wang Shan , Zong Qiugang , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCase and statistical studies have been performed to investigate hot flow anomalies (HFAs) with large flow deflections using data from the Cluster‐C1 spacecraft from 2003 to 2009. We have selected 87 events with Vy or Vz in GSE coordinates larger than 200 km s−1. Observations of these HFAs indicate a “location‐dependent deflection”: Vy or Vz deflect to a positive value when the event is located in the positive Y or Z side relative to the subsolar point and to a negative value when it is located in the negative Y or Z side relative to the subsolar point. The amplitude of the deflection increases with increasing distance in Y or Z direction. The decrease in Vx at the event center is larger when the location is closer to the Sun‐Earth line. The location‐dependent deflection might be due to a near‐specular reflection of ions at the Earth's bow shock. The HFAs studied in this paper are close to the bow shock with the distance of the event location to the bow shock ranging from 0.03 to 3.51 RE, which might cause the reflected ions to remain as a coherent near‐specular reflected beam.
Intense solar near‐relativistic electron events at 0.3 AU
Authors: Lario David , Ho George C. , Roelof Edmond C. , Anderson Brian J. , Korth Haje 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study the two most intense electron events observed by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft during the rising phase of solar cycle 24. Both events occurred during intense periods of solar activity when sequences of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) emanated from the Sun. The first event occurred on 4 June 2011, when two successive CMEs, spaced by 15 h, were released from the same active region. A possible interpretation for this event is that the first CME, located beyond MESSENGER's heliocentric distance (R = 0.33 AU) at the time of the second CME, acted as a magnetic barrier for solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated during the second CME. Elevated electron intensities at MESSENGER resulted from particle confinement between the two CME‐driven shocks. This scenario is consistent with that proposed by Kallenrode and Cliver [2001a] to explain intense SEP events. The second event, observed by MESSENGER at R = 0.31 AU on 7 March 2012, belonged to a series of events generated by a single active region. A fast (>1500 km s−1) CME occurred 45 h before the onset of the main electron event. That implies that the prior CME‐driven shock was at such a distance that particle reflection from behind that shock might have not been sufficient to account for the initial onset of sunward‐directed electrons at MESSENGER, and additional mirroring and/or scattering processes closer to MESSENGER were necessary. Elevated intensities in this event are consistent with strong injection of SEPs from close to the Sun and particle reflection at some point in interplanetary space.