bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Carnegie Hubble Program: From parallaxes to the Tully–Fisher relation
Authors: Scowcroft V. , Freedman W. L. , Madore B. F. , Monson A. , Persson S. E. , Seibert M. , Burns C. , Rigby J. R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Carnegie Hubble Program (CHP) is a Warm Spitzer program with the aim of reducing the uncertainty in the Hubble constant to below 3%. The program is calibrated using Galactic Cepheids with precise parallax distances from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), combined with a large sample of Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We extend the Cepheid distance scale to the Local Group and beyond, into the regime probed by the Tully–Fisher relation. The entire program—from Galactic Cepheids to the most distant galaxies—uses the Spitzer/IRAC instrument. Completing the entire program with a single instrument on a single telescope virtually eliminates instrumental effects, whilst moving to the mid-infrared drastically reduces the reddening and metallicity effects that trouble the optical Cepheid distance scale. Our first measurement of the Hubble constant, using only two CHP galaxies tied into the HST Key Project results has produced a measurement of H0 = 74.3 ± 2.1 (systematic) km s−1 Mpc−1, which corresponds to a systematic uncertainty of 2.8%.
Ultralong-period Cepheids: a possible primary distance indicator?
Authors: Fiorentino G. , Annibali F. , Clementini G. , Ramos R. Contreras , Marconi M. , Musella I. , Saha A. , Tosi M. , Aloisi A. , van der Marel R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present a project that aims to provide a complete theoretical and observational framework for an as yet unexplored class of variable stars, the ultralong-period Cepheids (P longer than 80–100 days). Given their very high luminosities (MV up to −7 mag), with the Hubble Space Telescope we will be able to observe them easily in stellar systems located at large distances (~ 100 Mpc). This limit will be further increased, out to the Hubble flow (~ 350 Mpc), using future ground-based facilities such as the European Extremely Large Telescope. The nature of their pulsation is as yet unclear, as is their evolutionary status, which seems different from the central helium-burning phase generally associated with classical Cepheids. These objects have been found to cover a very large metallicity range, from [Fe/H] ~ −2 dex to solar values, and they are located in heterogeneous stellar systems, from dwarf to spiral galaxies. Once completely characterized, they could provide a crucial test, since they have been found in all Type Ia supernova host spiral galaxies that have been monitored for variability over long periods and that currently offer sound constraints on the estimated value of the Hubble constant.
On the scaling relations of disk galaxies
Authors: Giovanelli Riccardo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe physical background of scaling laws of disk galaxies is reviewed. The match between analytically derived and observed scaling laws is briefly discussed. Accurate modeling of the fraction of baryons that end up populating a disk, and the conversion efficiency of those into stars, remains a challenging task for numerical simulations. The measurement of rotational velocity tends to be made with criteria of convenience rather than through rigorous definition. And yet, the Tully–Fisher and the disk size versus rotational velocity relations exhibit surprisingly small scatter. Practical recipes (and costs) to optimize the quality of template relations are considered.
Cosmic distances from surface brightness fluctuations
Authors: Blakeslee John P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHigh spatial-resolution measurements of surface brightness fluctuations (SBFs) with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) provide the most precise distances available to early-type galaxies beyond the Local Group. The observable SBF magnitude in a given bandpass is a basic property of any stellar system, corresponding to a ratio of the first and second moments of the stellar luminosity function. Calibration of the method has presented challenges, but we now have an excellent empirical determination of how the SBF observable varies with galaxy color in broad bandpasses at the red end of the optical spectrum, and we are working towards a similar calibration for HST's Wide-Field Camera 3 in the near-infrared wavelength range, where the SBF magnitudes are considerably brighter. From HST Advanced Camera for Surveys data, we have determined the relative distances of the Virgo and Fornax clusters to within a precision of 2%, and resolved their internal structures. More recent measurements allow us to tie the Coma cluster, the standard of comparison for distant cluster studies, to the same precise distance scale. The SBF method can be calibrated in an absolute sense either empirically using Cepheids or theoretically based on stellar population models. The agreement between model and empirical zero points provides an independent confirmation of the Cepheid distance scale.
Visualization of structures and cosmic flows in the local Universe
Authors: Pomarède Daniel , Courtois Hélène , Tully R. Brent 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA visualization of 3D structures and cosmic flows is presented using information from the Extragalactic Distance Database V8k redshift catalog and peculiar velocities from the Cosmicflows-1 survey. Structures within a volume bounded at 8000 km s−1 on the cardinal Supergalactic axes are explored in terms of both displaying the positions of the 30,124 galaxies of the catalog and its reconstructed luminosity density field, corrected to account for growing incompleteness with increasing distance. Cosmography of the local Universe is discussed with the intent to identify the most prominent structures, including voids, galaxy clusters, filaments, and walls. The mapping also benefits from precise distance measures provided through the Cosmicflows-1 observational program. Three-dimensional visualizations of the coherent flows of galaxies in the nearby Universe are presented, using recent results based on reconstruction of cosmic flows with the Wiener filter approach. The three major components of the Milky Way's motion, namely expulsion from the Local Void, infall toward the Virgo Cluster, and the bulk flow of the historic Local Supercluster toward the Great Attractor are illustrated using different visualization techniques and analyzed in light of the cosmography derived from the V8k redshift and Cosmicflows-1 distance catalogs.
Type Ia supernovae as extragalactic distance indicators
Authors: Schmidt Brian P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractType Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are among cosmology's most useful tools for measuring extragalactic distances. Their intrinsic brightness, MV=−19.2 mag, and precision, σ=0.12 mag, make for a unique combination to precisely probe cosmic expansion from the nearby to the high-redshift Universe. I describe the current state of the art for measuring distances to SNe Ia—focusing on the current challenges which ultimately limit their precision—as well as prospects for further refinement. I also highlight cosmological applications where they have been especially valuable, and briefly review some future projects which plan to exploit SNe Ia.
The heterogeneity of Type Ia supernova progenitor systems and their use as cosmic distance indicators
Authors: Ricker Paul , Pan Kuo-Chuan , Taam Ronald 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPopulation synthesis modeling of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) progenitors suggests that multiple binary evolution channels may give rise to SNe Ia. Independently of the ignition mechanism, the type of progenitor system involved affects the circumstellar environment into which the explosion propagates, as well as the amount of solid angle blocked by the companion (for single-degenerate models). Using three-dimensional adaptive-mesh simulations of SNe Ia in binary systems, we discuss the effects of the progenitor system on the observable characteristics of SNe Ia and the impact of these effects on systematic errors in the use of SNe Ia as cosmic distance indicators.
Measurement of the cosmological distance scale using X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect observations of galaxy clusters
Authors: Bonamente Massimiliano , Carlstrom John , Leitch Eric , Joy Marshall , Marrone Daniel , Mantz Adam , Muchovej Stephen , Plagge Thomas , Reese Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractX-ray and Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect (SZE) observations of galaxy clusters can be used to measure their distances independently of the cosmic distance ladder. We have determined the distance to 38 clusters of galaxies in the redshift range 0.14 ≤ z ≤ 0.89 using X-ray data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and SZE data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and the Berkeley–Illinois–Maryland Association interferometric arrays. We measure a Hubble constant of H0 = 76.9+3.9−3.4+10.0−8.0 km s−1 Mpc−1 (statistical followed by systematic uncertainties at 68% confidence) for an ΩM=0.3, ΩΛ=0.7 cosmology. Our determination of the Hubble parameter in the distant Universe agrees with measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project that probed the nearby Universe.
Advancing the physics of cosmic distances: Conference summary
Authors: de Grijs Richard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractKnowing the distance of an astrophysical object is key to understanding it. However, at present, comparisons of theory and observations are hampered by precision (or lack thereof) in distance measurements or estimates. Putting the many recent results and new developments into the broader context of the physics driving cosmic distance determination is the next logical step, which will benefit from the combined efforts of theorists, observers and modellers working on a large variety of spatial scales, and spanning a wide range of expertise. IAU Symposium 289 addressed the physics underlying methods of distance determination across the Universe, exploring the various approaches employed to define the milestones along the road. The meeting provided an exciting snapshot of the field of distance measurement, offering not only up-to-date results and a cutting-edge account of recent progress, but also full discussion of the pitfalls encountered and the uncertainties that remain. One of the meeting's main aims was to provide a roadmap for future efforts in this field, both theoretically and observationally.
Distance estimates to five open clusters based on 2mass data of red clump giants
Authors: Chen Li , Gao Xinhua 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRed clump (RC) giants are excellent standard candles in the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud. The near-infrared K-band intrinsic luminosity of RC giants exhibits only a small variance and a weak dependence on chemical composition and age. In addition, RCs are often easily recognizable in the color–magnitude diagrams of open clusters, which renders them extremely useful distance indicators for some intermediate-age or old open clusters. Here we determine the distance moduli of five Galactic open clusters covering a range of metallicities and ages, based on RC giants in the cluster regions using 2mass photometric data. We compare our result with those from main-sequence fitting and also briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of RC-based cluster distance determination.
Near-infrared surface brightness fluctuation measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope's WFC3/IR channel
Authors: Cho Hyejeon , Jensen Joseph B. , Blakeslee John P. , French Brigham S. , Lee Hyun-chul , Lee Young-Wook 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) method at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is a powerful tool for estimating distances to unresolved stellar systems with high precision. The IR channel of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), installed on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 2009, has a greater sensitivity and a wider field of view than the previous generation of HST IR instruments, making it much more efficient for measuring distances to early-type galaxies in the Local Volume. To take full advantage of its capabilities, we need to empirically calibrate the SBF distance method for WFC3's NIR passbands. We present the SBF measurements for the WFC3/IR F160W bandpass filter using observations of 16 early-type galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo Clusters. These have been combined with existing (g475–z850) color measurements from the Advanced Camera for Surveys Virgo and Fornax Cluster Surveys to derive a space-based H160-band SBF relation as a function of color. We have also compared the absolute SBF magnitudes to those predicted by evolutionary population synthesis models in order to study stellar population properties in the target galaxies.
Trigonometric parallaxes in the TW Hydrae Association
Authors: Ducourant C. , Teixeira R. , Chauvin G. , Krone-Martins A. , Le Campion J. F. , Galli P. , Song I. , Zuckerman B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe have conducted a program of trigonometric distance measurements to 13 members of the TW Hydrae Association (TWA), which will enable us (through back-tracking methods) to derive a convincing estimate of the age of the association, independent of stellar evolutionary models. With age, distance, and luminosity known for an ensemble of TWA stars and brown dwarfs, models of early stellar evolution (which are still uncertain for young ages and substellar masses) will then be constrained by observations over a wide range of masses (0.025 to 0.7 M⊙).
Kinematic distances of pre-main-sequence stars in the Lupus star-forming region
Authors: Galli P. A. B. , Teixeira R. , Ducourant C. , Bertout C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo reliably determine the main physical parameters (masses and ages) of young stars, we must know their distances. While the average distance to nearby star-forming regions (<300 pc) is often known, the distances to individual stars are usually unknown. Individual distances to members of young moving groups can be derived from their radial velocities and proper motions using the convergent-point strategy. We investigate the kinematic properties of the Lupus moving group with the primary objective of deriving individual distances to all group members.
Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way: The open cluster distance scale
Authors: Kharchenko N. V. , Piskunov A. E. , Röser S. , Schilbach E. , Scholz R.-D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present the Milky Way Star Clusters (MWSC) survey based on 470 million stars extracted from the all-sky catalogues PPMXL and 2mass. The target list comprises 3784 entries and includes all open and globular clusters, as well as all cluster candidates, known at present. By means of a combined photometric/astrometric pipeline process, we determine individual membership probabilities for cluster stars and provide fundamental cluster parameters such as cluster centre coordinates, mean proper motions, radial velocity, distance, reddening, age and tidal radius. This sample includes ~ 700 clusters with fundamental parameters based on optical data and offers a good opportunity for a comparison of the near-infrared (NIR) and optical cluster distance scales. We find that distances and reddening values obtained from the colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in the NIR agree well with earlier distance estimates based on optical CMDs. These newly obtained homogeneous distances, together with the other cluster parameters, allow us to study the properties of the open cluster population in the Galactic disk.
VERA observations of the Galactic star-forming regions ON1 and ON2N
Authors: Nagayama Takumi ,   VERA project members
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe carried out astrometric observations with VERA of H2O masers in ON1 and ON2N. The measured distances to ON1 and ON2N are 2.47 ± 0.11 and 3.83 ± 0.13 kpc, respectively. We found that ON1 and ON2N are located near the tangent point and the Solar circle, respectively. We derive an angular velocity of the Galactic rotation at the Sun's position (i.e. the ratio of the Galactic constants) of 28 ± 2 km s−1 kpc−1 using the measured distances and three-dimensional velocity components of the two sources. This value is consistent with recent estimates obtained using Very Long Baseline Interferometry but different from the IAU-recommended value of 25.9 km s−1 kpc−1.
Galactocentric distance of the Sun derived from kinematic data
Authors: Zhu Zi , Shen Ming 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBased on radial velocity data and Hipparcos proper motions, we present a new determination of the Galactocentric distance based on a purely kinematic model. We have selected three subgroups of Galactic thin-disk components (O–B5 stars, classical Cepheids and Galactic open clusters) to trace the local structure and kinematics of the Galactic disk. Adopting the approximation of axisymmetric circular rotation, we have derived the Sun's distance to the Galactic Center, R0 = 8.25 ± 0.79 kpc based on O–B5 stars, R0 = 7.98 ± 0.79 kpc based on Galactic Cepheids and R0 = 8.03 ± 0.70 kpc using open clusters, all of which are in excellent agreement with the current-best estimate of the Galactocentric distance.
Alkohol in Opioidsubstitution – zwischen therapeutischem Risiko, Patientenwohl und Public Health
Authors: Falcato Luis Manuel , Dampz Magdalena , Bruggmann Philip 
Published: February 2013

Fragestellung: Ausprägung des Alkoholkonsums und des Zusammenhangs der Intensität des Alkoholkonsums mit der Einsicht in die Notwendigkeit einer Trinkmengenreduktion bzw. der Therapiebereitschaft unter opioid-substituierten Patienten. Methodik: Standardisierte, mündliche Erhebung von Selbstangaben in einer naturalistischen Behandlungs-Kohorte in opioid gestützter Behandlung (n = 140) in einem Setting mit minimalen Behandlungsrestriktionen hinsichtlich weiterer Substanzstörungen. Ergebnisse: Der Anteil mit unproblematischem Konsum lag bei 62 %. 23 % zeigten einen riskanten (AUDIT 8 – 15), 15 % einen schädlichen oder abhängigen Alkoholkonsum (AUDIT ≥16). Die AUDIT-Risiko-Levels waren positiv mit Konsum von Opioiden und Benzodiazepinen und negativ mit sozialer Integration assoziiert. Alle Patienten mit AUDIT-Score ≥16 und 47 % der riskant Trinkenden zeigten Problembewusstsein. 62 % der Patienten mit AUDIT ≥16 äußerten Therapiebereitschaft. Kontrollverlust bei Männern und Schuldgefühle bei Frauen waren die häufigsten Konsequenzen des Trinkens. Schlussfolgerungen: Übermässiger Alkoholkonsum ist ein vordringliches Problem in der Substitutionstherapie. Routinemäßiges Alkohol-Screening bei Beginn und während der Behandlung ist empfehlenswert. Problematischer Alkoholkonsum sollte im Sinne einer Komplikation unter umfassender, individueller Nutzen-Risiken-Abwägung in die Behandlung einbezogen werden. Der Integration geeigneter therapeutischer Angebote sollte hohe Priorität eingeräumt werden.
„Badesalz“-Psychosen – Klinische Aspekte
Authors: Livak Vitali , Ehemann Michael , Pilz-Gerhardinger Magdalena , Werner Petra , Epoupa Leonhard , Tretter Felix 
Published: February 2013

Einführung: Seit Ende 2011 ist die Zahl der Aufnahmen von Patienten mit psychotischer Symptomatik nach Konsum von synthetischen Cathinonen in unserer Suchtabteilung auf 2 – 3 Fälle pro Woche angestiegen (ca. 3 % aller Aufnahmen). Fallberichte: Wir berichten über sieben dieser Fälle, die in den letzten acht Monaten behandelt wurden. Die Patienten zeigten psychotische Symptomatik mit Wahn, Denkstörungen und optischen, sowie akustischen Halluzinationen. Einige waren agitiert, desorientiert, hilflos oder litten an oralen Dyskinesien. Die Therapien waren supportiv und beinhalteten typische und atypische Neuroleptika, Benzodiazepine und Clonidin. Die psychotische Symptomatik remittierte in fünf der sieben Fälle, zwei Patienten wurden nach einigen Behandlungstagen mit noch anklingender psychotischer Symptomatik entlassen. Diskussion: Das Psychosepotential der Cathinone sollte als hoch betrachtet werden. Die Droge wirkt entaktogen und hat ein hohes Suchtpotential. Aufgrund der weiten Verbreitung im Internet und der steigenden Popularität auch für Patienten ohne Erfahrungen mit illegalen Drogen, ebenso wie die unzureichende Labordiagnostik stellen synthetische Cathinone ein erhebliches diagnostisches und therapeutisches Problem für spezialisierte Suchtstationen, ebenso wie ambulante Einrichtungen dar. Schlussfolgerungen: Die wachsende Fallzahl und die alarmierenden Auswirkungen, verursacht durch den Konsum dieser Substanzen, zeigen, dass weitere Forschungsarbeit notwendig ist, um diese neue Droge und ihre Wirkungen auf den menschlichen Körper besser zu verstehen und um synthetische Cathinone in Routine-Drogentests untersuchen und neue Behandlungsleitlinien entwickeln zu können.
Healable Polymeric Materials
Authors: Greenland Barnaby W. , Hayes Wayne 
Published: February 2013

This chapter affords a concise introduction to the rapidly developing field of healable polymeric materials and has been written with the synthetic polymer chemist in mind, with the specific aim of bridging the technical ‘language’ barriers between chemistry and materials science.
Definitions of the different categories of healable materials are outlined before an overview is provided. This overview is aimed at the practicing chemist and concerns the techniques currently employed to study the healablity of these fascinating new materials. The key techniques required to study healable polymeric materials—including impact testing and rheometry—are described.
G16R single nucleotide polymorphism but not haplotypes of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene alters cardiac output in humans
Authors: Rokamp Kim Z. , Staalsoe Jonatan M. , Gartmann Martin , Sletgaard Anna , Nordsborg Nicolai B. , Secher Niels H. , Nielsen Henning B. , Olsen Niels V. 
Published: February 2013

Variation in genes encoding the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may influence Q̇ (cardiac output). The 46G&gt;A (G16R) SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) has been associated with β2-mediated vasodilation, but the effect of ADRB2 haplotypes on Q̇ has not been studied. Five SNPs within ADRB2 (46G&gt;A, 79C&gt;G, 491C&gt;T, 523C&gt;A and 1053G&gt;C by a pairwise tagging principle) and the I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism in ACE were genotyped in 143 subjects. Cardiovascular variables were evaluated by the Model flow method at rest and during incremental cycling exercise. Only the G16R polymorphism was associated with Q̇. In carriers of the Arg16 allele, Q̇rest (resting Q̇) was 0.4 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.0–0.7] l/min lower than in G16G homozygotes (P=0.048). During exercise, the increase in Q̇ was by 4.7 (95% CI, 4.3–5.2) l/min per litre increase in pulmonary V̇O2 (oxygen uptake) in G16G subjects, but the increase was 0.5 (0.0–0.9) l/min lower in Arg16 carriers (P=0.035). A similar effect size was observed for the Arg16 haplotypes ACCCG and ACCCC. No interaction was found between ADRB2 and ACE polymorphisms. During exercise, the increase in Q̇ was 0.5 (CI, 0.0 –1.0) l/min greater in ACE I/I carriers compared with I/D and D/D subjects (P=0.054). In conclusion, the ADRB2 Arg16 allele in humans is associated with a lower Q̇ both at rest and during exercise, overriding the effects of haplotypes.