bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of boundary layer parameterization schemes in the weather research and forecasting model under the aspect of offshore wind energy applications— Part I: Average wind speed and wind shear
Authors: Krogsæter O. , Reuder J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFive different planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes in the weather research and forecasting model have been tested with respect to their capability to model boundary layer parameters relevant for offshore wind deployments. For the year 2005 model simulations based on the Yonsei University, asymmetric convection model version 2, quasi‐normal scale elimination, Mellor–Yamada–Janjic and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino PBL schemes with weather research and forecasting have been performed for the North Sea and validated against measurements of the Forschungsplattformen in Nord‐ und Ostsee Nr.1 platform. The investigations have been focused on the key parameters 100 m mean wind speed and wind shear expressed by the power law exponent α. All PBL‐schemes are doing well in reproducing averages and average annual statistics of the 100 m wind speed. However, two of the schemes (Yonsei University and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino) overestimate the wind speed above 15 m s−1 systematically. The results for the power law wind profile show a large variability between the models and the observations for different atmospheric stability conditions and also differ a lot from the industry standards. Overall, the Mellor–Yamada–Janjic scheme performs slightly better than the others and is suggested as first choice for marine atmospheric boundary layer simulations without apriori information of atmospheric stability in the region of interest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traditional Roles in a Non‐Traditional Setting: Genetic Counseling in Precision Oncology
Authors: Everett Jessica N. , Gustafson Shanna L. , Raymond Victoria M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNext generation sequencing technology is increasingly utilized in oncology with the goal of targeting therapeutics to improve response and reduce side effects. Interpretation of tumor mutations requires sequencing of paired germline DNA, raising questions about incidental germline findings. We describe our experiences as part of a research team implementing a protocol for whole genome sequencing (WGS) of tumors and paired germline DNA known as the Michigan Oncology Sequencing project (MI‐ONCOSEQ) that includes options for receiving incidental germline findings. Genetic counselors (GCs) discuss options for return of results with patients during the informed consent process and document family histories. GCs also review germline findings and actively participate in the multi‐disciplinary Precision Medicine Tumor Board (PMTB), providing clinical context for interpretation of germline results and making recommendations about disclosure of germline findings. GCs have encountered ethical and counseling challenges with participants, described here. Although GCs have not been traditionally involved in molecular testing of tumors, our experiences with MI‐ONCOSEQ demonstrate that GCs have important applicable skills to contribute to multi‐disciplinary care teams implementing precision oncology. Broader use of WGS in oncology treatment decision making and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommendations for active interrogation of germline tissue in tumor‐normal dyads suggests that GCs will have future opportunities in this area outside of research settings.
Surgical Rehabilitation of a Tetraplegic Hand: Comparison of Various Methods of Reconstructing an Absent Pinch and Hook
Authors: Mohindra Mukul , Sangwan Sukhbir Singh , Kundu Zile Singh , Gogna Paritosh , Tiwari Anurag , Thora Ankit 
Published: March 2014

Background Since complete functional restoration after spinal cord injury may not always be possible, the major focus in such cases has to be on rehabilitation. We performed surgery in such patients to reconstruct important absent hand functions viz. pinch and hook using various methods described in literature and compared their outcome. Methods A total of 29 procedures were performed in ten patients (18 upper limbs) with tetraparesis consequent to cervical spine injury distal to C6 level who had at least grade 3 power of elbow extension but had not documented any significant improvement in hand function, at least 6 months post injury. Key pinch was reconstructed in 14 upper limbs using brachioradialis (BR) to flexor pollicis longus (FPL) transfer in 11 and pronator teres (PT) to FPL transfer in three limbs. Hook was reconstructed in 15 upper limbs: PT to flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) ( n=7), BR to FDP ( n=2), and FDP tenodesis ( n=6). The gains achieved were measured at intervals of 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively and at a final possible follow-up of every patient, the average follow-up being 32 months. The functional outcome was assessed by the modified Lamb and Chan score. Results For key pinch reconstruction, both BR and PT turned to be equally efficacious donors, while for hook reconstruction, PT and BR transfer to FDP turned out to be superior to FDP tenodesis. The functional outcome as assessed by the modified Lamb and Chan score revealed good to fair outcome in 70 % of patients while poor in 30 %. Complications resulted from stretching of transfer, rupture of tenodesis, and maltensioning. Conclusion Surgery can routinely be offered to suitable tetraplegics with deficient hand function in whom no useful recovery of any function is expected with at least 6 months elapsed post injury. Single-staged bilateral procedures enable maximal possible rehabilitation in minimal possible duration.
Next Generation Sequencing in der diagnostischen Praxis
Authors: Bettecken T. , Pfeufer A. , Sudbrak R. , Siddiqui R. , Franke A. , Wienker T.F. , Krawczak M. 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) erlaubt die Untersuchung des kompletten Exoms oder Genoms eines Patienten mit vertretbarem zeitlichem und finanziellem Aufwand. Dieser diagnostische Quantensprung hat neben rechtlichen, ethischen und ökonomischen Aspekten auch vielfältige Auswirkungen auf die Patientenversorgung. Die weitgehende Einführung des NGS in die Routinediagnostik steht momentan jedoch noch vor vielen Hürden. Insbesondere ist zu erwarten, dass mittels NGS eine Vielzahl seltener Varianten bei einem Patienten entdeckt wird, die nach derzeitigem Wissensstand klinisch nicht hinreichend klar interpretierbar sind. Als einen ersten Schritt zur Lösung dieses Problems wird das Konzept einer Datenbank vorgestellt, die systematisch genotypische und phänotypische Informationen aus dem Versorgungskontext in Deutschland integrieren soll. Die so entstehende Ressource wäre nicht nur von großem wissenschaftlichem Interesse. Sie böte vordringlich den klinisch tätigen Humangenetikern die notwendige Evidenzbasis für eine zuverlässige Bewertung ihrer patientenbezogenen Sequenzierungsdaten.
Response analysis of ultrasonic sensing system based on fiber Bragg gratings of different lengths
Authors: Pang Dandan , Sui Qingmei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In recent years, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been widely used in ultrasonic detection for practical structural health monitoring in light of its unique advantages over the conventional sensors. Although FBGs have been successfully tested in ultrasonic inspection, the effect of the grating length on the sensitivity of the FBG ultrasonic sensing system is yet to be analyzed. Hence, using the simulation model, the main influencing factor on the sensitivity of the ultrasonic sensing system with different lengths gratings was first investigated. In the following experiment, the ultrasonic responses of the sensing system with six different lengths FBGs were obtained, respectively. The theoretical analysis and the experimental results would be useful for sensitivity improvement of the FBG-based ultrasonic and acoustic emission sensing system.
Clinical Issues‐March 2014
Authors: Wood Amber 
Published: February 2014

This MonthSweeping the OR floor before wet moppingKey words: sweeping, cleaning, mopping, floors, OR.Mopping the OR floor between proceduresKey words: cleaning, mopping, floors, OR.Cleaning hallway floors in semirestricted areasKey words: cleaning, mopping, hallway, corridor, semirestricted areas, floors.Peripheral IV skin prep in the ambulatory settingKey words: intravenous, IV, skin prep, alcohol, chlorhexidine gluconate, CHG.
A Look at Best Practices for Patient Education in Outpatient Spine Surgery
Authors: Reiter Karen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFollowing best practices for patient education helps ensure patients and their family members leave an ambulatory surgery center after a procedure with a functional understanding of all aspects of surgery, ongoing care, and postoperative expectations. Best practices for education of patients undergoing spine surgery in an ambulatory surgery center include a consistent and informed staff, involved patients and family members, patient‐specific education, and continual reinforcement of that education. Patient education needs to include topics such as expectations, the recovery process, and pain control.
P–T–t constraints on the metamorphic evolution of the Transangarian Yenisei Ridge: geodynamic and petrological implications
Authors: Likhanov I.I. , Reverdatto V.V. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Two metamorphic complexes of the Yenisei Ridge with contrasting composition are analyzed to unravel their tectonothermal evolution and geodynamic processes during the Riphean geologic history of the area. The structural, mineralogical, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data are used to distinguish two stages of the evolution with different ages, thermodynamic regimes, and metamorphic field gradients. Reaction textures, chemical zoning in minerals, shapes of the P-T paths, and isotope dates provide convincing evidence for a polymetamorphic history of the region. The first stage is marked by the formation of the ~ 970 Ma low-pressure zoned And–Sil rocks (P = 3.9-5.1 kbar, T = 510–640 °C) of the Teya aureole and a high metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH = 25–35 °C/km typical of many orogenic belts. At the second stage, these rocks experienced Late Riphean (853–849 Ma) collisional medium-pressure metamorphism of the kyanite–sillimanite type (P = 5.7–7.2 kbar, T = 660–700 °C) and a low metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH &lt; 12 °C/km. This metamorphic event was almost coeval with the Late Riphean (862 Ma) contact metamorphism in the vicinity of the granitic plutons, which was accompanied by a high metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH &gt; 100 °C/km. At the first stage, the deepest blocks of the Garevka complex in the vicinity of the Yenisei regional shear zone underwent high-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism within a narrow range of P = 7.1–8.7 kbar and T = 580–630 °C, suggesting the burial of rocks to mid-crustal depths at a metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH ~ 20–25 °C/km. At the second stage, these rocks experienced the Late Riphean (900–850 Ma) syn-exhumation dynamometamorphism under epidote–amphibolte facies conditions (P = 3.9–4.9 kbar, T = 460–550 °C) and a low gradient with dT/dH &lt; 10 °C/km accompanied by the formation of blastomylonitic complexes in shear zones. All these deformation and metamorphic events identified on the western margin of the Siberian craton are correlated with the final episodes of the Late Grenville orogeny and provide supporting evidence for a close spatial connection between Siberia and Laurentia during early Neoproterozoic time, which is in good agreement with recent paleomagnetic reconstuctions.
The Angarian in the Yenisei Ridge as a standard Neoproterozoic unit
Authors: Khomentovsky V.V. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Late Neoproterozoic sediments of the Yenisei Ridge formed in several isolated basins. These sediments are correlated, and the composite section of this age in the region is described. Two age limits are of extreme importance: pre-Chapa (650 Ma) and pre-Vendian (600 Ma). The former, observed in a much larger area, predominates. The great importance of the pre-Chapa transformation becomes evident owing to its coevality with the Marino-Nantuo global glaciation and the preceding tectonic events. This glaciation was immediately followed by a significant biotic event that gave rise to the Doushantuo-Pertatataka microfossil assemblage and, afterward, Ediacaran fauna. The Chapa Group is proposed as a prototype of the Angarian—a unit of the General Late Precambrian scale, which is of the same rank as the Vendian. According to these data, the main Late Neoproterozoic units are the Baikalian, Angarian, and Vendian.
Lattice Boltzmann approach to simulating a wetting–drying front in shallow flows
Authors: Liu H. , Zhou J. G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe paper reports a new lattice Boltzmann approach to simulating wetting–drying processes in shallow-water flows. The scheme is developed based on the Chapman–Enskog analysis and the Taylor expansion, which is consistent with the theory of the lattice Boltzmann method. All the forces, such as bed slope and bed friction, are taken into account naturally in determining the wet–dry interface, without the use of either the spurious assumption of a thin water film on a dry bed or the non-physical extrapolation of certain variables such as water depth or velocity. This offers a simple and general model for simulating wetting–drying processes in complex flows involving external forces. Its verification is carried out by modelling several one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) flows: (i) 1D sloshing over a parabolic container; (ii) a 1D tidal wave over three adverse bed slopes; (iii) a 1D solitary wave run up on a plane sloping beach; (iv) a tsunami run up on a plane beach; (v) a 2D stationary case with wet–dry boundaries; (vi) a 2D long-wave resonance over a parabolic basin; and (vii) a 2D solitary wave run up on a conical island. The numerical results agree well with analytical solutions, other numerical results and experimental data, demonstrating the effectiveness and accuracy of the new approach.
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF DROUGHT RISK AND ADOPTION OF MODERN MAIZE IN SOUTHERN MALAWI
Authors: FISHER MONICA , SNAPP SIEGLINDE 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYModern maize varieties have been bred for drought tolerance and early maturity, to assist farmers in avoiding or escaping the effects of moisture stress in drought-prone areas. This study evaluates the prospects for widespread adoption of these modern maize varieties as a climate change adaptation strategy for smallholder farmers. Data are from a detailed household survey completed in four rural villages in Southern Malawi between May and July 2010. The empirical analysis involves estimation of an ordered logit regression model because the dependent variable is categorical, with one category for nonadoption (has never grown modern maize varieties) and three categories for the duration of growing a modern maize variety among adopters (this year only, 2 to 5 years and 6 years or more). The empirical findings indicate a positive association between a farmer's perception of drought risk and the adoption and continued use of modern maize. Regression results also show that farmers that value the traits of early maturity and drought tolerance are more likely to adopt modern maize varieties. There is evidence of some disadoption among farmers dissatisfied with maize genotype performance, in terms of poor storability and yield under drought conditions. Finally, the study highlights the urgent need for maize breeders interested in sustained use of modern varieties to simultaneously address robust drought tolerance, early maturity and storability. This underscores the importance of cognizance of local farmer preferences in crop breeding efforts.
Long-term yield variability and detection of site-specific climate-smart nutrient management practices for rice–wheat systems: an empirical approach
Authors: SUBASH N. , GANGWAR B. , SINGH S. , KOSHAL A. K. , KUMAR V. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIdentification of climate-smart nutrient management practices will overcome the ill effects of extreme climate variability on agricultural production under projected climate change scenarios. The rice–wheat cropping system is the major system used in India: using long-term yield data from Integrated Nutrient Management experiments on this system, the present study analysed trends in weather parameters and grain yield under different nutrient management practices. Twelve treatments with different combinations of inorganic (chemical fertilizer) and organic (farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM) and crop residue) sources of nutrients were compared with farmers’ conventional practices. A significant increasing trend was noticed for rainfall during the rice season at Kalyani and Navsari, of the order of 137·7 and 154·2 mm/decade, respectively. The highest increase in maximum temperature was seen at Palampur (1·62 °C/decade) followed by Ludhiana (1·14 °C/decade). At all the sites except Ludhiana and Kanpur, the yield of the rice–wheat system showed an increasing trend ranging from 0·08 t/ha/year in Jabalpur to 0·011 t/ha/year in Navsari, under the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer application. A significant decreasing trend of 0·055 t/ha was found in Ludhiana. For most of the sites, a combination of half the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer and either FYM or GM to provide the remainder of the N required was sufficient to maintain productivity. The top three climate-resilient integrated nutrient management practices were identified for all the study sites. Thus, the present study highlights the adaptive capacity of different integrated nutrient management practices to rainfall and temperature extremes under rice–wheat cropping system in distinctive agro-ecological zones of India.
Entrapped Entrepreneurship: Labour contractors in the South Indian garment industry
Authors: DE NEVE GEERT 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAs neoliberal restructuring leads to the rise of labour market intermediaries globally, labour contractors are being vilified as unscrupulous recruiters and as wicked figures who exploit and harass. Based on long-term ethnographic research among workers and contractors in the Tamil Nadu garment industry, this article argues for a more careful and grounded analysis of labour contractors’ role and position under neoliberalization. Evidence is presented of contractors’ precarious position at the tail end of global production networks and three conclusions are drawn. First, contractors reveal themselves to be a remarkably unrecognized source of entrepreneurship, flexibility, and skills acquisition, which facilitates manufacturers’ participation in global markets. Second, despite their resourcefulness and resilience, contractors find themselves trapped between management and the workforce, and in an overall situation of vulnerability as a result of the informal nature of their activities and the vagaries of the neoliberal market. For many of them this results in a highly fluid and unstable class experience, in which they struggle to materialize aspirations for upward mobility. Finally, neoliberal conditions tend to undermine rather than enhance contractors’ entrepreneurial success and to weaken rather than intensify their power with regard to both capital and labour.
Allowing for non-adherence to treatment in a randomized controlled trial of two antidepressants (citalopram versus reboxetine): an example from the GENPOD trial
Authors: Wiles N. J. , Fischer K. , Cowen P. , Nutt D. , Peters T. J. , Lewis G. , White I. R. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundMeta-analyses suggest that reboxetine may be less effective than other antidepressants. Such comparisons may be biased by lower adherence to reboxetine and subsequent handling of missing outcome data. This study illustrates how to adjust for differential non-adherence and hence derive an unbiased estimate of the efficacy of reboxetine compared with citalopram in primary care patients with depression.MethodA structural mean modelling (SMM) approach was used to generate adherence-adjusted estimates of the efficacy of reboxetine compared with citalopram using GENetic and clinical Predictors Of treatment response in Depression (GENPOD) trial data. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses were performed to compare estimates of effectiveness with results from previous meta-analyses.ResultsAt 6 weeks, 92% of those randomized to citalopram were still taking their medication, compared with 72% of those randomized to reboxetine. In ITT analysis, there was only weak evidence that those on reboxetine had a slightly worse outcome than those on citalopram [adjusted difference in mean Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores: 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.52 to 2.90, p = 0.17]. There was no evidence of a difference in efficacy when differential non-adherence was accounted for using the SMM approach for mean BDI (–0.29, 95% CI –3.04 to 2.46, p = 0.84) or the other mental health outcomes.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of a difference in the efficacy of reboxetine and citalopram when these drugs are taken and tolerated by depressed patients. The SMM approach can be implemented in standard statistical software to adjust for differential non-adherence and generate unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy for comparisons of two (or more) active interventions.
Are illness perceptions related to future healthcare expenditure in patients with somatoform disorders?
Authors: Frostholm L. , Petrie K. J. , Ørnbøl E. , Fink P. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundSomatoform disorders are costly for society in terms of increased healthcare expenditure. Patients' illness perceptions have been found to play a role in somatoform disorders. However, it is unclear whether illness perceptions predict higher health costs in these patients.MethodA total of 1785 primary care patients presenting a new health complaint completed a questionnaire on their illness perceptions and emotional distress before the consultation. The physicians completed a questionnaire for each patient on diagnostics after the consultation. In a stratified subsample, physician interviewers established diagnoses of DSM-IV somatization and undifferentiated somatoform disorders (n = 144) using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Healthcare expenditure was obtained from Danish health registers for a 2-year follow-up period.ResultsPatients had more negative perceptions of their well-defined physical health problems when they had a co-morbid somatoform disorder. A strong illness identity [β = 0.120, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.029–0.212, p = 0.012], perceived negative consequences (β = 0.010, 95% CI 0.001–0.019, p = 0.024), a long timeline perspective (β = 0.013, 95% CI 0.005–0.021, p = 0.001), low personal control (β = − 0.009, 95% CI –0.015 to −0.002, p = 0.011) and negative emotional representations (β = 0.009, 95% CI 0.002–0.017, p = 0.020) predicted healthcare expenditure in somatoform disorders.ConclusionsThe results suggest that illness perceptions play a role in the perpetuation of symptoms in somatoform disorders and predict higher future healthcare expenditure among a subgroup of these patients.