bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trial to find appropriate animal models of dichloropropane‐induced cholangiocarcinoma based on the hepatic distribution of glutathione S‐transferases
Authors: Zhang Lingyi , Zong Cai , Ichihara Sahoko , Naito Hisao , Toyokuni Shinya , Kumagai Shinji , Ichihara Gaku 
Published: September 2015

A trial to find appropriate animal models of dichloropropane‐induced cholangiocarcinoma based on the hepatic distribution of glutathione Stransferases: Lingyi Zhang, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceObjectiveIt has been reported that 1,2‐Dichloropropane (DCP) induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in offset color proof‐printing workers. However, exposure to DCP by inhalation or gavage for 2 year did not induce CCA in mice and rats. The present study mapped the hepatic distribution of GST, which is known to activate dihalogenated alkanes, and proliferative and fibrotic changes in bile ducts in various species to find the most appropriate animal model of DCP‐induced CCA.MethodsFirst, 12 each of C57BL/6J mice, Balb/cA mice, F344 rats, Syrian hamsters, and guinea pigs were divided into four equal groups and exposed to DCP at 0, 300, 1,000, or 3,000 ppm 8 hours/day for 7 days. Second, 32 Balb/cA mice and 32 Syrian hamsters were each divided into four equal groups and exposed to DCP at 0, 200, 400, and 800 ppm 6 hours/ day for 14 days. After the last exposure, the animals were decapitated, and the livers were dissected out for histopathological evaluation. Immunostaining was conducted to determine the distribution of GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTPi, as well as the expression of proliferation marker Ki67.ResultsGSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTPi were expressed in both hepatocytes and bile duct cells in all control and exposed animals. There was no clear difference in the expression of Ki67 between the exposed groups and the control. No fibrotic changes were observed in any species or strains examined.ConclusionsExpression of GSTT1 or other GST isozymes might not explain the difference in sensitivity of hepatocytes and the bile duct to DCP between humans and rodents
Determinants of workplace violence against clinical physicians in hospitals
Authors: Wu Jeng‐Cheng , Tung Tao‐Hsin , Chen Peter Y. , Chen Ying‐Lin , Lin Yu‐Wen , Chen Fu‐Li 
Published: September 2015

Determinants of workplace violence against clinical physicians in hospitals: Jeng‐Cheng Wu, et al. Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, TaiwanObjectiveWorkplace violence in the health sector is a worldwide concern. Physicians play an essential role in health‐care teamwork; thus, understanding how organizational factors influence workplace violence against physicians is critical.MethodsA total of 189 physicians from three public hospitals and one private hospital in Northern Taiwan completed a survey, and the response rate was 47.1%. This study was approved by the institutional review board of each participating hospital. The 189 physicians were selected from the Taipei area, Taiwan.ResultsThe results showed that 41.5% of the respondents had received at least one workplace‐related physical or verbal violent threat, and that 9.8% of the respondents had experienced at least one episode of sexual harassment in the 3 months before the survey. Logistic regression analysis revealed that physicians in psychiatry or emergency medicine departments received more violent threats and sexual harassment than physicians in other departments. Furthermore, physicians with a lower workplace safety climate (OR=0.89; 95% CI=0.81−0.98) and more job demands (OR=1.15; 95% CI=1.02−1.30) were more likely to receive violent threats.ConclusionsThis study found that workplace violence was associated with job demands and the workplace safety climate. Therefore, determining how to develop a workplace safety climate and ensure a safe job environment for physicians is a crucial management policy issue for health‐care systems.
Revealing the social face of innovation
Authors: Hart Tim G.B. , Ramoroka Kgabo H. , Jacobs Peter T. , Letty Brigid A. 
Published: September 2015

Despite the introduction of social innovation in the 1996 White Paper on Science and Technology, the concept of social innovation has not been actively implemented or even diffused outside of the policy arena in South Africa. Perceptions about what the concept of social innovation should encompass are contested and range from ideas of social welfare outcomes, public goods and a primary focus on the poor. More recently, the emphasis has been on inclusive development that embraces and supports the poor as innovators and which incorporates elements of social and economic development. While contestation in terminology persists, evidence from South Africa’s rural areas suggests that although there may be limited state intervention, hampered by structural constraints, and limited understanding of contemporary ideas about innovation and social innovation, local actors practise a variety of forms of social innovation. In most instances, the purpose is to improve social and economic well-being of the poor. Such innovation activities occur almost as widely and as often as strictly commercially oriented innovation activities. However, it is unclear from observed social innovation practices who should benefit from these practices (the poor or everyone), how (directly or indirectly) and when (immediately or gradually). It is suggested that extensive use of the actor-oriented sociological approach to understanding social dynamics in both science and development can provide a means of understanding the subtleties involved in innovation practices and its use should be adopted to address structural challenges within the National System of Innovation that mediate against the contribution of innovations to the poor for inclusive development.
The Art of Compromise: Legislative Deliberations on Marine Insurance Institutions in Antwerp (c. 1550-c. 1570)
Authors: De Ruysscher Dave , Puttevils Jeroen 
Published: September 2015

Dave de Ruysscher and Jeroen Puttevils look into the complex interaction – typicalof the Low Countries – between various stakeholders (economic agents, citygovernment and central government) that shaped the legislation of economic practices. Eschewing top-down (the central government imposes its rules) and bottom-up (merchants sought to have their customs legalised) models, and taking into account the powers enjoyed by city governments in the Low Countries, which were both ample but also constrained by the central government, the authors trace the development of one particular type of contract and transaction – sixteenth century marine insurance, a growing sector for which Antwerp became the key centre. By laying bare the negotiation process which preceded the compromise, they find that decisions on the legislation regarding marine insurance were both politically and economically induced. The three major agents (merchants, city government and central government) were not monolithic blocs: within the Antwerp mercantile community different opinions on marine insurance and its legislation could be heard. There were ‘national’ differences and small-time insurance purchasers thought differently about state legislation than their larger colleagues and insurers. Parties with political clout also had a stronger voice in negotiations. De kunst van het compromis. Onderhandelingen over wetgeving voor hetzeeverzekeringswezen in Antwerpen (c. 1550-c. 1570)De wetgeving rond economische praktijken in de zestiende-eeuwse Nederlanden werd in belangrijke mate bepaald door de complexe interactie tussen verschillende belangengroepen (economische agenten, stedelijke overheid en centraal gezag). Dave de Ruysscher en Jeroen Puttevils zijn van mening dat top-down (de vorst legt zijn regels op) en bottum-up modellen (kooplieden willen hun gewoonten omgezet zien in wetten) weinig afdoend zijn en stellen zich vragen bij de reikwijdte van de macht van stedelijke overheden. Door op zeeverzekering te focussen, een praktijk die sterk groeide in de zestiende eeuw en waarvoor Antwerpen een belangrijk centrum werd, wordt het onderhandelingsproces en het zoeken naar een compromis tussen de verschillende belangengroepen duidelijk. De beslissingen over wetgeving waren daardoor het resultaat van zowel politieke als economische dynamieken. De verschillende belangengroepen werden door interne spanningen gekenmerkt: zo verschilden Antwerpse handelaars qua participatie in de zeeverzekeringssector, ‘nationaliteit’ en contacten met de politieke machthebbers.
Design And Operation Of Production Facilities Of The Quifa Field In-situ Combustion Project
Authors: Prieto H. , Lima E. , Gaviria M. R. , Gil E. , Benitez N. , Fuenmayor M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The experience gained in a unique in situ combustion (ISC) pilot project, in the heavy oil (13° API), water drive Quifa field in Colombia, is presented. The design, construction and operation of the production and air compression facilities are discussed. Under normal conditions, the water cut (BSW) in Quifa is above 90% and the ultimate primary recovery is less than 14%, which imposes strong design and operational challenges for an ISC project.
The pilot project was operated from Nov 2011 to July 2014. A modified inverted-nine spot pattern was used, with all wells instrumented with pressure and temperature devices, as well as the majority of the surface equipment. Real-time monitoring and visualization was developed for proper surveillance of the pilot operation.
This paper emphasizes about the surface facilities designed and selected to obtain the best performance of the process in the pilot. Since this was the first time that an ISC project was carried out in Colombia, there was no previous field performance data available about the quality of the produced fluids under ISC, so the main design data for the project were based on combustion tube tests performed for the Quifa field, and data from different projects worldwide available on technical literature.
The design and operation of the surface facilities considered the effect of ISC on the mechanical integrity of the installations and the environment, with the implementation of the adequate piping class specification and HSE practices to comply with local and international standards due to the presence of H2S and acid water. Early detection systems were installed, which helped to operate the pilot within regulations and strict safety conditions.
With this pilot project Pacific Rubiales Energy has built a valuable learning curve in the design, construction and management of an ISC processes, obtaining a unique experience for future projects of its kind. It should be noted that the implementation of EOR projects of this type constitutes a significant contribution in understanding the relation between subsurface and surface process under In Situ Combustion Process to the future of the exploitation of heavy oil fields.
A Probabilistic Economic Approach to Optimize Field Development and Maximize Asset Value
Authors: Huerta Victor A. , Aliaga J. Wilson 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Field development optimization is one of the most important and complex tasks in the petroleum industry since technical and economic issues should be considered to maximize an asset value. Usually field development plans are optimized first, under a deterministic or probabilistic approach, by numerical simulation or other engineering tools, and then, a base case model served for economic assessment, with some sensitivity analysis.
Complexity in field development optimization is based on uncertainty sources which often arise at the same time, such as strong correlation among oil prices and technical recoverable volumes, development wells, CAPEX and OPEX. Then, uncertainty and dependency between model inputs are not easy to be modeled by conventional tools.
A new probabilistic tool has been proposed to integrate technical recoverable volumes estimation, production performance prediction and economic assessment. Hydrocarbon recoverable volumes are estimated using a volumetric equation set up to run Monte Carlo simulation; thousands of realizations are then captured by the model to build an expectation curve. In addition, type curves from analogous fields and conceptual simulation studies are incorporated to obtain the probabilistic distribution of the parameters that will allow us to predict the production performance of a field under a stochastic approach. Finally, all the output production profiles are integrated to a probabilistic cash flow model based on real options, to assess at the same time, the uncertainty placed on oil & gas prices, CAPEX, OPEX, tax royalties and other economic inputs over profitability indicators such as NPV, IRR, pay out and investment/profitability rate.
The use of real options will allow us to quantify the value of important flexibilities normally neglected in a typical cash flow analysis such as the value of waiting to develop the lease, the possibility of early development, and the abandonment of the project. To achieve this objective, we will use computational techniques such as finite difference and Monte Carlo simulations considering two price models for oil and gas: Geometric Brownian Motion and Mean Reverting Model.
The model was applied to a remote Peruvian oilfield suspected to be under water drive mechanism to optimize its development strategy in early times, by finding the most suitable number of development wells according to field size, and selecting the optimal production rates, increasing recovery factor and delaying water breakthrough, variables that eventually would contribute with maximizing asset value.
In addition, the model was capable to test and identify simultaneously the most sensitive inputs affecting recoverable volumes and asset value, as well as, to account for the risk expressed in expectation curves of technical recoverable volumes, as well as, the expected monetary value.
Compositional Simulation Including Effect of Capillary Pressure on Phase Behavior
Authors: Rezaveisi Mohsen , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Pope Gary A. , Johns Russell T. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
High capillary pressure has a significant effect on the phase behavior of fluid mixtures. The capillary pressure is high in unconventional reservoirs due to the small pores in the rock, so including the effect of capillary pressure on phase behavior is necessary for reliable modeling of unconventional shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. We show that the tangent plane distance method cannot be used to determine phase stability and present a rigorous thermodynamic analysis to determine phase stability with capillary pressure. We then demonstrate that there is a maximum capillary pressure (Pcmax) where capillary equilibrium is possible and derive the necessary equations to obtain this maximum capillary pressure. We also discuss the implementation of the capillary equilibrium in a general purpose compositional reservoir simulator and the numerical challenges involved with its application to unconventional reservoirs. Three simulation case studies for gas condensate and tight oil reservoirs were performed to illustrate the influence of capillary pressure on production behavior. These results clarify the influence of capillary pressure on production behavior in low-permeability reservoirs. We show that the choice of the capillary pressure function and parameters significantly affects the results.
Use of Individual Well Indicators on the Optimization of Production Strategies
Authors: Alves Victor R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Large reservoirs, such as the fields in the Brazilian Pre-salt, require the generation of large mesh models increasing the simulation time so that the production strategy selection process can be very time consuming. Therefore, typical optimization procedures used in this process may need to be simplified. A possible way to reduce the computational time is to use a new hybrid process. It consists of an assisted methodology that uses indicators based on the reservoir engineering knowledge increasing the accuracy of the alterations to be performed, speeding up the process. In this work, the alterations are made based on economic and production indicators of each individual well: net present value, oil, water and gas cumulative productions and oil flow rates. The indicators are classified as low, medium or high according to the mean reservoir value. Their combination ranks the well in one of four different regions allowing the identification of wells with high priority for alteration. Neighbor wells in the same area of influence are not modified in the same iteration. The indicators analysis points the causes of low well performance enabling the user to make alterations aiming to solve them. Different suggestions of possible procedures to be adopted to improve the performance of the well and consequently the field are provided according to each well location in a region. The methodology was applied to a strategy previously optimized for UNISIM-I-D case based on the Namorado Field, Campos Basin, Brazil. Results show that the refinement step is very useful to increase NPV and to give reliability to the selected strategies. The methodology has shown to be an excellent way to apply accurate alterations in production strategies. Besides, it is a very efficient tool to measure how well optimized a strategy is and if still there is potential for improvements.
Evaluation of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations as prognostic indicators for horses with inflammatory disease examined at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Westerman Trina L. , Tornquist Susan J. , Foster Crystal M. , Poulsen Keith P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate use of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin concentrations as prognostic indicators for horses with inflammatory disease in regard to euthanasia, complications, and hospitalization duration and cost.
ANIMALS 20 clinically normal horses and 53 horses with inflammatory disease.
PROCEDURES Total WBC count, neutrophil count, and fibrinogen, SAA, and haptoglobin concentrations were determined for clinically normal horses and horses with suspected inflammatory disease. Clinicopathologic values at admission were compared to test the use of SAA and haptoglobin concentrations in predicting euthanasia, complications, and hospitalization duration and cost. Haptoglobin and SAA concentrations of 22 horses were monitored during hospitalization to test the use of serial measurements in predicting survival and complications.
RESULTS Neutrophil count and SAA and haptoglobin concentrations were significantly different at admission for horses with inflammatory disease, compared with those for clinically normal horses. Horses with colitis and peritonitis had significantly higher SAA and haptoglobin concentrations than clinically normal horses. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.355) between hospitalization duration and haptoglobin concentration was identified. Horses with an increase in SAA concentration between 24 and 72 hours after admission, compared with admission SAA concentration, were significantly more likely (OR, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 45.9) to be euthanized or develop complications.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Concentrations of SAA and haptoglobin at admission were not significantly correlated with outcome in horses with inflammatory conditions. Acute-phase proteins likely have more utility in serial analysis rather than testing at a single time point for horses with inflammatory conditions.
Water resources of the island of Korčula (Croatia): availability and agricultural requirement / Zasoby wodne wyspy Korčula (Chorwacja): dostępność i potrzeby rolnictwa
Authors: Ljubenkov Igor 
Published: September 2015

Abstract The island of Korčula is located along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It has Mediterranean climate with mild and wet winters and hot and dry summers. The island's water supply has been managed in two ways: through a pipeline from the mainland and by drawing groundwater. The island's water is mainly used for drinking and for sanitary needs of the population and tourists, and only a small part is used in industrial production. Tourism causes high seasonal water needs which can hardly be met with the existing water supply system. Agriculture has long tradition on the island. Today, 3 500 ha are cultivated which is about 12.7% of island area, while only 20 ha are irrigated. Therefore total agricultural production is variable and mainly depends on climate. Due to more often and stronger droughts, yields are decreased which causes high economical losses. This paper deals with island's natural features, water needs especially for agriculture, water resources management and finally it suggests measures and activities to improve existing water use.
Are fishponds really a trap for nutrients? – a critical comment on some papers presenting such a view / Czy stawy rybne są rzeczywiście pułapką dla pierwiastków biogennych? – krytyczny komentarz do pewnych prac prezentujących taki pogląd
Authors: Kufel Lech 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
There is still a controversy about the environmental impact of fishponds, especially on their ability to retain nutrients. This paper presents some basic rules of nutrient cycling in running and stagnant waters and the biotic and abiotic transformation of nutrients delivered to dam reservoirs and fishponds. Based on these common properties of eutrophic stagnant waters, some critical remarks are presented on papers that claim to prove the capacity of fishponds to retain nutrients (mainly nitrogen) during fish production and after pond drainage. Finally, some ways of reducing negative environmental impacts of fishpond effluents are described as an indirect evidence that such impacts really pose a threat to water quality
Water and physical characteristics of irrigated soils in the Massif of Mugan-Salyan / Woda i charakterystyki fizyczne nawadnianych gleb w Masywie Mugaw-Salyan
Authors: Mustafayev Mustafa Gilman 
Published: September 2015

Abstract Detailed information about the water and physical properties of irrigated soils in the Massif of Mugan- -Salyan is given in the paper. Results of the study showed differences in the soil properties. The field water capacity of soil in the zone was 25.32-30.30% or 1.26-1.56 g·cm-3, particle density was 2.53-2.88 g·cm-3, porosity - 44.16-54.20%; clay content - 22.54-70.10% and the velocity of soaking the soil with water ranged between 9.24 and 55.84 cm·h-1. Such variability of the indices points to a need for reclamation measures in the soils.
Methane emission from peat-muck soil in the Biebrza River valley in relation to ground water level and fertilisation / Emisja metanu z gleby torfowo-murszowej w dolinie Biebrzy w zależności od poziomu wody gruntowej i nawożenia
Authors: Turbiak Janusz 
Published: September 2015

Abstract The paper presents results of a two-year study on methane emission carried out in lysimetric station situated on Kuwasy peatland in the Biebrza River valley. The aim of this study was to estimate the amount of methane emission from peat-muck soil in relation to ground water level and fertilisation. Methane emission was determined with the chamber method using photo-acoustic probe. Methane emission significantly depended on the ground water level. The largest CH4 emission was found at full saturation of soil with water. With the decrease of ground water table the emission of methane decreased. Mineral fertilisation increased CH4 emission. At ground water table depth of 50 cm, CH4 emission from fertilised variant was by 42.3% bigger than from non- -fertilised variant. Peat-muck soils overgrown by meadows in the Biebrza River valley were found to be an important source of methane emission. In the vegetation period at ground water table depths of 0, 25, 50 and 75 cm methane emission was 502, 361, 198, 141 kg·ha-1·(210 d)-1, respectively