bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New oral health literacy instrument for public health: development and pilot testing
Authors: Naghibi Sistani Mohammad M. , Montazeri Ali , Yazdani Reza , Murtomaa Heikki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to develop a functional oral health literacy (OHL) instrument for adults, including new measures of literacy skills (OHL Adults Questionnaire: OHL‐AQ).MethodsAn item pool was provided, and an expert panel evaluated the items by assessing the content validity index and content validity ratio. The reliability analysis, including internal consistency and reproducibility, were examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). In addition a known‐groups comparison was performed to assess how well the questionnaire discriminates between individuals who differ in education and brushing behavior.ResultsA total of 97 participants were studied. The mean age of the participants was 36.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 12.8) years; 34% had more than 12 years' formal education. Overall, 39.2% of interviewees had inadequate, 16.5% had marginal, and 44.3% had adequate OHL. The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was found to be 0.72, and the ICC was 0.84. Participants who brushed more frequently had significantly higher OHL scores (P = 0.03). The association between OHL scores and years of education was also significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe OHL‐AQ is a valid and reliable measure of functional OHL, with additional sections for evaluating listening and decision‐making skills.
Childhood craniopharyngioma: 20‐year institutional experience in Western Australia
Authors: Rath Shoshana R , Lee Sharon , Kotecha Rishi S , Taylor Mandy , Junckerstorff Reimar C , Choong Catherine SY 
Published: April 2013

AimA retrospective audit was undertaken to evaluate modes of presentation and treatment outcomes for craniopharyngioma in a single paediatric institution over a 20‐year period.MethodsA search of the neurosurgical and histopathological databases for patients under 21 years of age treated for craniopharyngioma between 1990 and 2010 was performed at our institution. The clinical records of eligible patients were reviewed and information regarding presentation, medical and surgical management and post‐treatment outcome were extracted and collated.ResultsOf 10 evaluable patients, the commonest presenting symptoms were headache and visual impairment. Clinical and biochemical evaluation undertaken prior to surgery revealed visual dysfunction in 70% and pituitary deficit in 30%. Gross total resection was achieved in 40% but was curative in only 20%. The remaining 80% required further surgical and/or radiotherapeutic intervention. Seven patients had radiation therapy with stabilisation in 70%. Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency evolved in all patients over time, while visual impairment worsened in 30% post‐operatively and improved in 20%. Obesity was present in 50% after a mean follow‐up interval of 5.6 years and was apparent within 1 year of initial surgery in 30%. Although neurocognitive, psychological and behavioural problems were noted for some patients during medical review, only 20% of patients were formally assessed.ConclusionsCraniopharyngioma is associated with significant long‐term morbidity. Attention to an integrated care pathway that includes standardised neurocognitive and psychological and behavioural assessment would facilitate early appropriate intervention and support leading to an improved quality of life for children with craniopharyngioma.
Theological Atomism
Authors: Charlton William 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBy ‘atomism’ I mean the idea, applicable in various fields, that explanation proceeds from small to large and part to whole. A theological atomist would see the salvation of mankind as the sum of the salvations of individuals and try to understand the Incarnation, the Last Supper, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection and the Ascension as successive episodes each making its own separate contribution. I argue that we are essentially social beings, and infer that God can communicate with us, and we can be united with him, only as forming a society. More controversially, I suggest that the Son of God became incarnate primarily in a society, and saved it by turning it into a single supernatural organism, living with divine life.
Understanding Hmong Women's Beliefs, Feelings, Norms, and External Conditions About Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Lor Maichou , Khang Pa Yiar , Xiong Pa , Moua Kao Feng , Lauver Diane 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the beliefs, feelings, norms, and external conditions regarding breast and cervical cancer screening in a sample of Hmong women.Design and SampleIn a descriptive design, female Hmong researchers recruited 16 Hmong women (ages 24–73) at a community center. Guided by the Theory of Care Seeking Behavior (TCSB), researchers asked participants semi‐structured questions about their beliefs, feelings, norms, and external conditions in a group setting. Researchers documented responses in writing and audio recordings. Guided by theory, we used directed content analysis to categorize responses.ResultsParticipants' beliefs' about screening included uncertainty about causes of breast and cervical cancer, uncertainty about Western forms of treatments, and terminal illness as outcomes of such cancer. Many felt embarrassed about breast and cervical cancer screening. Their cultural norms about undressing for an exam and listening to authority figures were different from Western norms. External conditions that influenced participants' for screenings included difficulties in communicating with interpreters and clinicians.ConclusionsConsistent with the TCSB, Hmong women's beliefs, affect, cultural norms and external conditions helped to understand their use of breast and cervical screening. Findings could guide nursing and public health interventions to improve culturally sensitive, cancer screening for Hmong women.
Low Ozone Over Southern Australia in August 2011 and its Impact on Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Levels
Authors: Gies Peter , Klekociuk Andrew , Tully Matthew , Henderson Stuart , Javorniczky John , King Kerryn , Lemus‐Deschamps Lilia , Makin Jennifer 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring August 2011 stratospheric ozone over much of Southern Australia dropped to very low levels (approximately 265 Dobson Units) for over a week above major population centers. The weather during this low ozone period was mostly clear and sunny, resulting in measured solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels up to 40% higher than normal, with UV Index > 3 despite being winter. Satellite ozone measurements and meteorological assimilated data indicate that the event was likely due in large part to the anomalous southward movement over Australia of ozone‐poor air in the lower stratosphere originating from tropical latitudes. At the time, a study measuring the UVR exposures of outdoor workers in Victoria was underway and a number of the workers recorded substantial UVR exposures and were sunburnt. Given the cities and populations involved (approximately 10 million people), it is likely that many people could have been exposed to anomalously high levels of solar UVR for that time of year, with resultant higher UVR exposures and sunburns to unacclimatized skin (often a problem transitioning from low winter to higher spring UVR levels). Reporting procedures have been modified to utilize ozone forecasts to warn the public of anomalously high UVR levels in the future.
Predicting Suicide Attempts among Treatment‐Seeking Male Alcoholics: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hung Galen Chin‐Lun , Caine Eric D. , Fan Hsiang‐Fang , Huang Ming‐Chyi , Chen Ying‐Yeh 
Published: April 2013

Documented risk factors for suicide among alcohol‐dependent patients are sensitive but insufficiently specific to effectively identify individuals who are prone to future suicide attempt. As a first step to assess factors not previously considered, this pilot study involved a group of male alcohol‐dependent patients (N = 175) coming to detoxification to examine the potential utility of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) along with other documented events to discriminate individuals with a history of attempted suicide from their detoxifying peers. Family health history questionnaires were used to evaluate their ACEs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to examine the predictive power of ACEs, alone or in combination with documented risk factors, to lifetime history of attempted suicide. Among our participants, 48 (27.4%) had a history of a suicide attempt and 156 (89.1%) reported at least one out of the nine categories of ACEs. Modeling by ROC analysis, we found that a cutoff of four or more ACEs plus a history of personal violence achieved the best predictive power to a history of any suicide attempt, producing a sensitivity of 0.7, specificity of 0.81, and area under curve of 0.75. A prospective study to replicate and extend our findings is necessary.
Review of Influenza A Virus in Swine Worldwide: A Call for Increased Surveillance and Research
Authors: Vincent A. , Awada L. , Brown I. , Chen H. , Claes F. , Dauphin G. , Donis R. , Culhane M. , Hamilton K. , Lewis N. , Mumford E. , Nguyen T. , Parchariyanon S. , Pasick J. , Pavade G. , Pereda A. , Peiris M. , Saito T. , Swenson S. , Van Reeth K. , Webby R. , Wong F. , Ciacci‐Zanella J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPigs and humans have shared influenza A viruses (IAV) since at least 1918, and many interspecies transmission events have been documented since that time. However, despite this interplay, relatively little is known regarding IAV circulating in swine around the world compared with the avian and human knowledge base. This gap in knowledge impedes our understanding of how viruses adapted to swine or man impacts the ecology and evolution of IAV as a whole and the true impact of swine IAV on human health. The pandemic H1N1 that emerged in 2009 underscored the need for greater surveillance and sharing of data on IAV in swine. In this paper, we review the current state of IAV in swine around the world, highlight the collaboration between international organizations and a network of laboratories engaged in human and animal IAV surveillance and research, and emphasize the need to increase information in high‐priority regions. The need for global integration and rapid sharing of data and resources to fight IAV in swine and other animal species is apparent, but this effort requires grassroots support from governments, practicing veterinarians and the swine industry and, ultimately, requires significant increases in funding and infrastructure.
Genome Sequence of the Basidiomycetous Yeast
Pseudozyma antarctica
T-34, a Producer of the Glycolipid Biosurfactants Mannosylerythritol Lipids
Authors: Morita Tomotake , Koike Hideaki , Koyama Yoshinori , Hagiwara Hiroko , Ito Emi , Fukuoka Tokuma , Imura Tomohiro , Machida Masayuki , Kitamoto Dai 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The basidiomycetous yeast
Pseudozyma antarctica
T-34 is an excellent producer of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), members of the multifunctional extracellular glycolipids, from various feedstocks. Here, the genome sequence of
P. antarctica
T-34 was determined and annotated. Analysis of the sequence might provide insights into the properties of this yeast that make it superior for use in the production of functional glycolipids, leading to the further development of
P. antarctica
for industrial applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain MSP4-16
Authors: Singh Nitin Kumar , Kumar Shailesh , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh , Mayilraj Shanmugam 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 4.0-Mb draft genome sequence of
Acinetobacter baumannii
strain MSP4-16, isolated from a mangrove soil sample from Parangipettai (11°30′N, 79°47′E), Tamil Nadu, India. The draft genome sequence of strain MSP4-16 consists of 3,944,542 bp, with a G+C content of 39%, 5,387 protein coding genes, and 69 RNAs.
Junior doctor skill in the art of physical examination: a retrospective study of the medical admission note over four decades
Authors: Oliver Charlotte M , Hunter Selena A , Ikeda Takayoshi , Galletly Duncan C 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the hypothesis that junior doctors’ examination skills are deteriorating by assessing the medical admission note examination record.DesignRetrospective study of the admission record.SettingTertiary care hospital.MethodsThe admission records of 266 patients admitted to Wellington hospital between 1975 and 2011 were analysed, according to the total number of physical examination observations (PEOtot), examination of the relevant system pertaining to the presenting complaint (RelSystem) and the number of body systems examined (Nsystems). Subgroup analysis proceeded according to admission year, level of experience of the admitting doctor (registrar, house surgeon (HS) and trainee intern (TI)) and medical versus surgical admission notes. Further analysis investigated the trend over time in documentation with respect to cardiac murmurs, palpable liver, palpable spleen, carotid bruit, heart rate, funduscopy and apex beat location and character.ResultsPEOtot declined by 34% from 1975 to 2011. Surgical admission notes had 21% fewer observations than medical notes. RelSystem occurred in 94% of admissions, with no decline over time. Medical notes documented this more frequently than surgical notes (98% and 86%, respectively). There were no differences between registrars and HS, except for the 2010s subgroup (97% and 65%, respectively). Nsystems declined over the study period. Medical admission notes documented more body systems than surgical notes. There were no differences between registrars, HSs and TIs. Fewer examinations were performed for palpable liver, palpable spleen, cardiac murmur and apex beat location and character over the study period. There was no temporal change in the positive findings of these observations or heart rate rounding.ConclusionsThere has been a decline in the admission record at Wellington hospital between 1975 and 2011, implying a deterioration in local doctors’ physical examination skills. Measures to counter this trend are discussed.
Mast cells in infantile haemangioma possess a primitive myeloid phenotype
Authors: Itinteang Tinte , Tan Swee T , Jia Jun , Steel Ryan , Laing Emma L , Brasch Helen D , Day Darren J 
Published: April 2013

AimsRecent reports on infantile haemangioma (IH) have demonstrated a primitive population of interstitial cells expressing the embryonic transcription factor, Nanog, with decreasing abundance during involution. In this report we investigated the expression of Nanog on mast cells in all three phases of IH progression.MethodsParaffin-embedded sections of six proliferating, six involuting and six involuted IH lesions were used to investigate the expression of tryptase, Nanog, CD45, CD34 and GLUT-1 by immunostaining.ResultsMast cells, identified by their expression of tryptase, were located in the interstitium of IH lesions. 93%, 42% and 0% of these tryptase+cells also expressed Nanog, in proliferating, involuting and involuted IH, respectively.ConclusionsThe identification of an abundant population of tryptase+/Nanog+cells in IH is novel. The relative loss of Nanog expression as IH involutes may be a result of maturation and/or proliferation of these cells. This report supports the primitive nature of IH.
Renal function after trauma
Authors: World Michael J 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe lack of need for immediate renal replacement treatment for military trauma victims suggests that the current policy of restricting operational deployment of those Service personnel with active inflammatory renal disease and significantly impaired renal function, combined with good prehospital care for all trauma casualties, is probably correct. No published estimates of renal function in civilian or military trauma victims in the earliest period following injury have been retrieved. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to assess the renal function of military trauma victims on arrival in the Emergency Department of the field hospital.MethodsThe case records of 287 military trauma casualties with severe injury (New Injury Severity Score, NISS≥16) were retrospectively reviewed to assess renal function by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the serum creatine concentration obtained immediately on arrival in the Emergency Department of the field hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2005–2009. Correlations were attempted between eGFR and other clinical and laboratory variables.ResultsHospital case notes recording management following repatriation were retrieved in 221/287 (77%) cases. None had required immediate renal support in the field. Serum creatine concentration on arrival in the field hospital with demographic data permitting calculation of eGFR was recorded in 158 cases. Median eGFR=76 ml/min/1.73m2(range=43–144). Statistically significant correlations were found among eGFR and pulse rate (r=−0.3, p=0.0002), body temperature (r=0.24, p=0.01) and mean arterial pressure (r=0.2, p=0.02). No statistically significant correlation was found among eGFR and NISS, white cell count, or respiration rate. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis of 106 cases suggested that the best combination of clinical observations to predict renal function were pulse rate and body temperature but the prediction was overoptimistic at lower eGFR values. eGFR was statistically significantly different in those satisfying criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; eGFR with SIRS=76 and eGFR without SIRS=86 ml/min/1.73 m2).ConclusionsPrehospital resuscitative measures are effective in maintaining renal function at an adequate level until arrival in the field hospital. The combination of tachycardia and hypothermia predicts lower renal function, variables already employed in the assessment of injury severity. The observations in the present study support restriction of recruitment and operational deployment where renal problems exist.
Military nephrology: magnitude of rates of deterioration in renal function
Authors: World Michael J 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo review military cases of renal disease seen between 1985 and 2011 to assess the magnitude of rates of deterioration in renal function according to diagnosis when therapeutic interventions were employed and to compare these with data from civilian patients.MethodsA 26-year archive of out-patient consultations, discharge summaries and renal biopsies was reviewed according to diagnosis. Serum creatine concentration and demographic data permitted retrospective calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at presentation and follow-up. Calculation of an annualised rate of deterioration of eGFR (ΔeGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2/y) was undertaken when there were at least four follow-up values.ResultsEight of 13 (61%) conditions included cases where eGFR deteriorated significantly with time and this was present in 40/161 (25%) individual cases. Those diseases where 10% or more of cases showed significant deterioration in eGFR were hypertensive/ischaemic nephropathy (10%), immunoglobulin A nephropathy (22%), Henoch–Schönlein nephritis (28%), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (30%), membranous nephropathy (57%), acquired single kidney status (60%) and adult polycystic kidney disease (68%). In the latter condition, frequency of significant deterioration was greater (p<0.0001) than in civilian patients. Median ΔeGFR values ranged from −1.8 to −9.1 ml/min/1.73 m2/y in military patients and were similar to those of civilian patients.ConclusionsCases of renal disease discovered de novo in serving military personnel showed deterioration of renal function with time in a significant proportion despite interventions to maintain renal function. The magnitude of rates of deterioration was similar to that of civilian patients suggesting that military medical management strategy was appropriate. These results support a traditional restrictive policy concerning applicants with a history of renal disease.
Coelioscopic orchiectomy can be effectively and safely accomplished in chelonians
Authors: Innis C. J. , Feinsod R. , Hanlon J. , Stahl S. , Oguni J. , Boone S. , Schnellbacher R. , Cavin J. , Divers S. J. 
Published: April 2013

Coelioscopic orchiectomy was performed in 27 male turtles (25 juvenile to adult red‐eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), one adult eastern painted turtle (Chrysems picta picta), and one juvenile male yellow‐spotted Amazon River turtle (Podocnemis unifilis)). Orchiectomy was conducted under coelioscopic visualisation using ligation and transection of the mesorchium, or transection of the mesorchium with monopolar radiosurgical scissors. In 22 cases, bilateral orchiectomy was performed through a single incision; five turtles required bilateral incisions. All turtles recovered from anaesthesia. Nine turtles died within one year of surgery from conditions believed to be unrelated to surgery. One turtle was lost to follow‐up. Seventeen turtles remain clinically healthy one to three years postoperatively. Coelioscopic orchiectomy provides a minimally invasive method for sterilisation of male chelonians and provides excellent visualisation during surgery. This technique is a useful model for the development of additional minimally invasive surgical techniques for chelonians.
Transintestinal Cholesterol Excretion Is an Active Metabolic Process Modulated by PCSK9 and Statin Involving ABCB1
Authors: Le May Cédric , Berger Jean Mathieu , Lespine Anne , Pillot Bruno , Prieur Xavier , Letessier Eric , Hussain M. Mahmood , Collet Xavier , Cariou Bertrand , Costet Philippe 
Published: April 2013

Objective—
Transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) is an alternate pathway to hepatobiliary secretion. Our study aimed at identifying molecular mechanisms of TICE.

Approach and Results—

We studied TICE ex vivo in mouse and human intestinal explants, and in vivo after bile diversion and intestinal cannulation in mice. We provide the first evidence that both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein deliver cholesterol for TICE in human and mouse jejunal explants at the basolateral side. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9)
−/−
mice and intestinal explants show increased LDL-TICE, and acute injection of PCSK9 decreases TICE in vivo, suggesting that PCSK9 is a repressor of TICE. The acute repression was dependent on the LDL receptor (LDLR). Further, TICE was increased when mice were treated with Lovastatin. These data point to an important role for LDLR in TICE. However, LDLR
−/−
mice showed increased intestinal LDL uptake, contrary to what is observed in the liver, and tended to have higher TICE. We interpret these data to suggest that there might be at least 2 mechanisms contributing to TICE; 1 involving LDL receptors and other unidentified mechanisms. Acute modulation of LDLR affects TICE, but chronic deficiency is compensated for most likely by the upregulation of the unknown mechanisms. Using mice deficient for apical multidrug active transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 a and b, and its inhibitor, we show that these apical transporters contribute significantly to TICE.

Conclusions—
TICE is operative in human jejunal explants. It is a metabolically active process that can be acutely regulated, inversely related to cholesterolemia, and pharmacologically activated by statins.