bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
7 Case study: an approach to developing a government guideline
Authors: Wilde Suzanne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The focus of this presentation is an approach to developing a government-sanctioned guideline related to a high-risk health and safety hazard. A recent case study will be reviewed which involved a multi-step approach to developing a government resource/ publication. The example resource discussed during this presentation was developed to assist agencies and professionals needing to manage risks related to property or materials contaminated with deadly opioid-containing drugs.
The multi-step approach will be discussed in detail including project planning, research, identification and involvement of stakeholders, consultation with subject matter experts, development of the documentation, communication planning, and its legal review prior to publishing. Key lessons learned will also be discussed.
The information provided will allow the participant to apply the concepts discussed when involved in the development and implementation of similar guidelines or publications related to any health and safety hazard.
17 Why High Consequence Infectious Disease responses need an industrial hygienist, and preparing the industrial hygienist to respond
Authors: Gibbs Shawn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This presentation will provide background on the High Consequence Infectious Disease (HCID) that have elicited domestic response over the last five years (e.g. MERS-CoV, Nipah virus, Ebola, Lassa Fever) and our industrial hygiene research in the area including but not limited to: current U.S. levels of preparedness to address HCID and domestic infrastructure, considerations for selection of decontamination products and procedures at the Nebraska Biocontainment after the treatment of 3 evacuated Ebola-confirmed patients, air and ground transport considerations to prevent occupational exposure, Category A waste handling, laboratory considerations, and risk communication. We will also discuss the invaluable role industrial or occupational hygienists can have in this area, and close with Questions & Answers.
27 Introduction to the American Industrial Hygiene Association Emerging Economies Microgrants Program
Authors: Fuller Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The American Industrial Hygiene Association Emerging Economies Microgrants Program was created in 2018 as a means to provide a fair, structured, transparent, and consistent mechanism for funding education and research projects that promote occupational hygiene in economically developing nations. The vision of the AG is to expand occupational hygiene awareness and capacity globally to reduce the risk of injury, illness, and fatality to workers in nations with the fewest resources. Over the past six years AIHA and corporate sponsors such as Amazon have funded nearly $200,000 USD for training, development, and research projects. This session will provide attendees with an introduction to the program and describe the microgrant proposal submission process and selection criteria. The session will present some of the remarkable projects that have been awarded and completed around the world over the past several years. Answers to frequently asked questions will be provided in addition to questions provided by the audience.
72 Characteristic and antibiotic resistance of bioaerosols between ambient atmosphere and outdoor night market
Authors: Ya-Hsuan Teng , You-Zhong Huang , Chane-Yu Lai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The bacterial size, biodiversity, human-associated bacteria (HAB) and antibiotic-resistance of bioaerosols were evaluated and compare at ambient atmosphere and outdoor night market in summer in Taiwan. The air condition in night market is usually very hot and humid in summer night and the night markets are always very crowded. A six-stage viable Andersen cascade impactor was used to collect bioaerosols and to determine their size distributions in both ambient atmosphere and outdoor night market. The sampling time was 10 minutes and the bioaerosol sampling in night market was following the walking tourists.
The results showed the average number concentration of bacteria and fungus in the night market was 198 and 267 CFU/m3, respectively. The geometric standard deviation (GSD)and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of bacteria was in the range of 1.86~2.19 and 3.18~5.7 µm, respectively. Moreover, the GSD and GMD of fungus was around 1.83~1.97 and 1.92~4.16 µm, correspondingly. The statistics results revealed that the number of tourists positively affected the concentration of bioaerosol; and the temperature and relative humidity at the time of sampling also associated to the increasing concentration of bioaerosol. The bacterial species identification revealed most of the sampled airborne bacteria were Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus spp. was detected in all sampling size distributions in most of the sampling rounds and their sizes varied widely from 0.65 to &gt;7.0 µm. In the study, the rate of bacteria antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance in night markets with a larger number of tourists are higher than those in the ambient atmosphere.
74 Leveraging on exposure profiles for efficient exposure monitoring outcome
Authors: Mehta Maharshi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Occupational hygiene service providers and companies worldwide have been collecting thousands of exposure monitoring samples and not leveraging the lessons learned from exposure monitoring results. The exposure monitoring results are often not representative of actual exposures. Precious resources are wasted in collecting exposure monitoring samples when not needed based on, for example, previous exposure monitoring results and chemical properties. For example, inhalation of phosphoric acid exposure is rarely a concern as phosphoric acid vapor pressure is low (0.03 mmHg (20 °C). Exposure monitoring is also unnecessary when a unit operation’s statistically analyzed exposure monitoring results confirm exposures above the exposure limits unless required by local regulation. For example, the exposure monitoring results indicate that hexavalent chromium exposure will likely exceed its exposure limit when stainless steel welding is done without an efficient Local Exhaust Ventilation. Then why not implement exposure controls rather than waiting for hexavalent chromium exposure monitoring results from stainless steel welding?
5000+ exposure monitoring results of pharmaceutical and general industry unit operations were statistically analyzed, and exposure profiles were developed. The pharmaceutical unit operations consisted of weighing, dispensing, and charging. General industry unit operations included welding (metal profile and Manganese exposures), soldering, acids handling, and spray painting (isocyanates). The statistically analyzed sampling results identified the unit operations where exposure monitoring is not needed either because the results were significantly below or above the exposure limits. Occupational hygiene communities could leverage the exposure profiles and focus on reducing exposure monitoring and implementing exposure controls. A consortium of occupational hygienists could enhance and share exposure profiles.
75 Integrated risk management through real-time monitoring of dust exposure and proximity sensing in large-scale civil construction sites and mining operations
Authors: Todorovic Aleks 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To enhance occupational health safety and reduce potential dust hazards on large civil construction and mining sites, this presentation discusses an innovative, real-time risk assessment system.
The system uniquely integrates wearable proximity sensors with a combination of portable wearable and static dust monitors. The cutting-edge wireless devices permit continuous tracking of particulate concentrations and movement of personnel and equipment, thereby enabling a dual functionality of safety alerts.
Comprehensive data collected from these devices generates dynamic hazard zone maps. These maps, colour-coded from red to green, indicate the severity of potential dust exposure and proximity hazards in diverse zones, with red signifying extreme risk and green reflecting minimal risk. The evolving nature of the maps allows for timely capturing of worksite conditions, ranging from machinery movement to task completion and workforce mobility.
Significantly, the system employs advanced detection algorithms that identify zones where dust hazard and proximity risk profiles escalate. Workers receive prompt alerts through wearable sensors when approaching these zones or getting too close to plant equipment, reinforcing their situational awareness. Similarly, the system provides management with anticipatory warnings, empowering them to make proactive decisions regarding necessary safety controls to prevent hazardous encounters.
This approach revolutionises industrial hygiene management, offering real-time insights into airborne dust hazards and proximity risks. It promises to significantly improve safety standards, reduce incidents, and foster a safer working environment. The presentation will delve into the technological framework of this integrated system, its practical implementation, and the transformative implications it holds for the future of occupational health safety in high-risk industrial settings.
76 Bioaerosol exposure in Norwegian waste sorting
Authors: Eriksen Elke , Graff Pål , Straumfors Anne , Afanou Anani , Madsen Anne Mette , Eiler Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Occupational exposure during handling and sorting of waste has previously been identified as causative agent for occupational disease. New work operations and technological progress facilitate the waste sorting industry with means to reach global sustainability goals, however, generate unknown work-exposure scenarios.
Full-shift personal work air samples were collected to investigate levels of infectious and non-infectious microbial components in bioaerosols and to study the potential of organic dust to elicit an immune response in vitro (TLR activation cell model) and in vivo (plasma biomarkers).
Large variation in assessed exposure measurements between and within WSP, as well as between seasons was identified. Dust levels were generally below the current Norwegian OEL (5mg/m3), however contained substantial levels of endotoxins, fungal particles, and microbial agents with immunostimulatory potential. Viable microorganisms in the inhalable fraction were dominated by fungi in the genus Aspergillus and bacteria in the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus. The samples contained a substantial fraction of risk group 2 human pathogens. Thirty per cent of the organic dust samples elicited TLR activation in vitro. Monocyte levels, plasma levels of IL-1RA, IL-18 and TNFα as well as symptom prevalence of respiratory and general symptoms were higher among exposed waste workers compared to an unexposed control group.
The present study indicates that Norwegian waste workers are potentially exposed to relatively high levels of microbial agents that may cause adverse health effects in susceptible individuals.
87 Personal nanoparticle exposure measurements in polymer 3D-printing
Authors: Eden Gunilla Runström , Tinnerberg Håkan , Bengtsson Tomas , Almstrand Ann-Charlotte 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
3D-printing is continuing to grow as an industry, which means more people will be at risk of exposure from printer emissions and related post-processing tasks. Studies have shown that many printers emit nanoparticles, which can reach very high concentrations, similar to a welding environment. Less is known about the operators’ personal exposure to nanoparticles, which could have adverse health implications. The aim of the research was to investigate personal exposure to nanoparticles in different 3D-printing environments.
Operators at four different printing facilities wore particle counters specific for the nano-range (Partector 2, Naneos) in the breathing zone for full working days. In total 15 separate measurements were made. In addition to this, the operators filled out diaries about what tasks had been performed during the measurement days to aid interpretation of the data. DataRAM™ (0.1-10 µm) were also worn by the operators in the breathing zone, to measure dust levels and stationary particle counters (P-trak 8525, 20 nm-1µm) were used to characterise emissions in the different facilities.
Exposure varied significantly between operators and work tasks. Diaries were crucial to determine tasks with the highest exposure. Mean operator exposure ranged from (103 – 13732 pt/ml) but number of peak exposures in a day (&gt; 10 000 pt/ml) better characterized the different facilities.
Personal worn nanoparticle counters were a useful tool to measure particle exposure during 3D-printing. Many of the printers used in the study were enclosed with local exhaust ventilation or with hoods with filters, which likely reduced emissions.
89 Promoting SDG 8: decent work and the 5th fundamental right – A safe workplace
Authors: Hiddinga-Schipper Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an ambitious global agenda, aiming to address multifaceted challenges by 2030. SDG 8 places a crucial emphasis on promoting Decent Work and Economic Growth. At its core lies the recognition of the 5th fundamental right of workers: a safe and healthy working environment.
This presentation highlights the profound significance of acknowledging workplace safety and health as a fundamental right within the framework of SDG 8. It underscores that this right is not just an ethical imperative but an essential catalyst for achieving broader sustainable development goals.
Firstly, a safe and healthy working environment is intrinsic to the well-being of workers, aligning closely with the principles of SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). By reducing occupational hazards and illnesses, it directly contributes to improved physical and mental health, enhancing workers’ productivity and quality of life.
Secondly, a safe and healthy working environment is a linchpin for economic growth, closely aligned with the objectives of SDG 8. Decent working environments reduces absenteeism, cost of health care, enhance well-being, job satisfaction, safety-culture, and support overall health of workers which will create a more robust labour force, promoting economic stability.
In conclusion, recognizing the 5th fundamental right, a safe workplace, is crucial for advancing the SDGs. It catalyses progress across multiple dimensions, from improving individual well-being and economic growth to promoting responsible consumption and production. Collaboration among policymakers, businesses, and civil society is essential to uphold this right for a more equitable, sustainable future.
92 Dermal and inhalable cobalt exposure at Swedish hard metal plants
Authors: Andersson Lena , Wahlqvist Fredrik , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Westberg Håkan , Vihlborg Per 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Manufacture of hard metal is one major use of cobalt in the work environment. Known health effects of cobalt exposure is asthma, hard metal lung disease, contact allergy and increased risk of cancer. Recent studies has shown that cobalt exposure may occur by penetration through skin even though it is mainly absorbed from the pulmonary tract via inhalation. The relationships between exposure to inhalable cobalt in air and on skin and the uptake in blood and urine and the association between dermal symptoms and dermal exposure was investigated.

Methodology
Cobalt exposure as inhalable cobalt in the breathing zone and as cobalt on skin with acid wash was measured for 71 workers in two Swedish hard metal production facilities. Uptake of cobalt was determined with samples of cobalt in blood and urine. Correlations between exposure and uptake were analysed.

Results
Multiple linear regression of cobalt in air and on skin with cobalt in blood showed regression coefficients with cobalt in blood (β = 203, p &lt; 0.0010, and β = 0.010, p = 0.0040) and with cobalt in urine (β = 5779, p = 0.0010, and β = 0.10, p = 0.60).

Conclusion
The study present statistically significant correlations between exposure to cobalt in air with uptake of cobalt in blood and urine. Cobalt on skin was statistically significant with cobalt in blood but not with urine.
93 Chloroform exposure in air and water in Swedish indoor swimming pools - urine as a biomarker of occupational exposure
Authors: Ragnebro Oskar , Helmersmo Kristin , Fornander Louise , Olsen Raymond , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Graff Pål , Westerlund Jessica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Chloroform is found in swimming pool air and can be absorbed by inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption, and is classified as possibly carcinogenic. The study aimed to investigate if chloroform concentrations in air and water affect the chloroform concentration in urine samples of exposed swimming pool workers.

Methods
Workers from five adventure indoor swimming pools carried personal chloroform air samplers and provided up to four urine samples during one workday. Chloroform concentrations were analysed with a linear mixed model analysis to investigate a possible correlation between air and urine concentrations.

Results
The geometric mean chloroform concentration was 11 μg/m3 in air and 0.009 µg/g creatinine in urine among individuals with ≤2 hours at work, 0.023 µg/g creatinine with &gt;2–5 working hours and 0.026 µg/g creatinine with &gt;5–10 working hours. Higher levels of chloroform in urine was associated with longer hours at work (≤2 h vs &gt;5–10 h, OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.25–3.34), personal chloroform concentrations in air (≤17.00 µg/m3 vs &gt;28.00 µg/m3, OR 9.23, 95% CI 3.68–23.13) and working at least half the working day near the swimming pools (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.33–7.55). Work tasks in the swimming pool water was not associated with higher chloroform concentrations in urine compared to only working on land (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.27–2.45).

Conclusion
There is an accumulation of chloroform concentrations in urine during a workday and a correlation between personal air and urine concentrations of chloroform among workers in Swedish indoor swimming pools.
95 Standardised Measurement of Equipment Particulate Airborne Concentration (SMEPAC) monitoring
Authors: Büchl Silke , Labatzke Ramona 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
What is Standardised Measurement of Equipment Particulate Airborne Concentration (SMEPAC) monitoring? Who does SMEPAC monitoring? How is it done and what do I need to know about SMEPAC monitoring? The fundamental principles you need to be aware of when dealing with SMEPAC monitoring.
When new equipment is installed in pharmaceutical industries an APCPPE-test (Assessing the Particulate Containment Performance of Pharmaceutical Equipment) should be performed to collect knowledge about the exposure profile of the equipment. This was formerly known as SMEPAC-test and the name is still commonly known and used, although the ISPE guideline (International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering) was edited to APCPPE long ago.
The above raised questions will be discussed in the presentation. Strategy and method for exposure monitoring will be laid out at an example for pharmaceutical equipment. The theoretical approach of APCPPE-testing will be complemented with experiences from practice as “lessons learned” and conclude with the assessment of the results and the pass/fail decision making.
96 Investigating farmers’ exposure to airborne pollutants in free stall dairy barns
Authors: Baclayon Johansen Ellen Kristina , Jørgensen Rikke , Nordhammer Anna , Smedbold Hans Thore 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pollutants in barns can lead to health problems for farmers. Due to animal welfare considerations, a transition from tie stall barns to free stall barns is underway. This transition can affect the farmers working environment; thus knowledge about what pollutants are present in free stall barns are crucial. With such knowledge, the farmers can implement preventive measures during the construction phase.
This study investigated three free stall barns in Norway. They were different in size, age and technical solutions. Two barns stored the manure under the barn and used mechanical ventilation. One barn stored the manure in a tank outside and used natural ventilation.
Two fractions of dust and five gases were measured using personal air samplers. A work log was written in order to identify activities and places that could result in high exposure. Temperature, carbon dioxide and relative humidity were measured to assess the climatic conditions.
Exposure to dust seemed to correlate to the farmer’s activities more than constructional factors. High dust exposure were found during cleaning activities, removal of manure, use of cattle feed mixer and more. Constructional factors like ventilation and manure storage seemed to be more important for gas exposure, rather than farmer activities. Exposure levels of ammonia can possibly exceed OEL and must be controlled. Due to the ammonia sensors’ cross sensitivity to chlorine, possible exposure to chlorine gas and chloramines were discussed.
101 Quantitative models for prediction of occupational exposure to respirable dust and quartz within the formulating, metal manufacturing and construction industries
Authors: Heussen Henri , Koppisch Dorothea , Colomo Carlota Alejandre , Arnone Mario , Zilaout Hicham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Stoffenmanager® is a quantitative inhalation exposure tool for OSH and REACH, (inter)nationally recognized by local governments and the EU. Three novel generic models to quantitatively predict exposure to respirable dust and respirable quartz are developed, aiming to protect workers from associated health risks within formulating, metal manufacturing and construction industries.

Methods
Personal exposure data including comprehensive contextual information were extracted from the IFA exposure database MEGA. Stoffenmanager® scores were calculated for the measurement values. For each quantitative model exposure data were segregated into calibration and validation datasets. Subsequently, mixed effect models were performed to derive quantitative regression equations. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to study the relation between concentrations estimated with use of new regression equations and measured exposure concentrations.

Results
A total of approximately 8000 good quality personal exposure measurements were extracted for all three models. Stoffenmanager® scores were compared with exposure measurements and the calculated spearman coefficients showed a positive relationship for all algorithms. Correlations between observed and estimated exposures ranged between r=0.40 and r=0.71. Proportions of measurements above 50th and 90th percentile were calculated, as a measure for conservatism of the models. They varied around 50% and 10% respectively.

Discussion and conclusion
The substantial amount of personal exposure data, the good correlation and the level of conservatism indicate that the three innovative models are sufficient to be implemented in Stoffenmanager® to expand its applicability domain. The new models serve to improve workers’ health by reducing occupational exposure to respirable dust and quartz.