bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the Thalassemia Burden in Pakistan: The urgent need for a mandate on premarital screening
Authors: Abu Bakar Bhura Shumaila , Badar Khan Waniya 
Published: July 2024

Dear Editor,
Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessively inherited single-gene genetic disorders around the world. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that can be prevented. It has a high incidence rate in Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian populations, making it the most prevalent genetic blood disorder globally.(1) The high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies is a significant public health concern. Pakistan has an estimated 10 million carriers of B-Thalassemia, with 5-7% carrier rate.(2) Every year, around 5000 children are diagnosed with B-Thalassemia major. Poverty, early marriages, consanguinity, limited awareness, rapid population growth, insufficient healthcare resources, and the scarcity of safe blood supplies exacerbate this issue.
Practical strategies for mitigating the thalassemia burden have been implemented worldwide, providing healthcare professionals and the public with accurate information, counseling families, and premarital screening. Thalassemia screening before marriage has proven to be successful in other regions. In the MENA region, various countries have implemented premarital screening programs to prevent hemoglobinopathies and viral infections, proving immensely successful.(3) In Saudi Arabia, a reduction of over 70% in the prevalence of B-Thalassemia was documented six years after the introduction of the premarital screening program.(4) Similarly, a premarital screening program in Kuwait prevented the marriage of 50.4% of couples at risk over eleven years by issuing unsafe marriage certificates.(5) The success of premarital thalassemia screening programs in other countries is a testament to the potential of preventive measures. These international examples offer valuable insights on how Pakistan can alleviate the burden of thalassemia within its population. While increasing awareness among parents and families is crucial, a more comprehensive approach is necessary. Pakistan must focus on preventing the disease and introduce strict laws mandating premarital screening nationwide.
Given the gravity of the thalassemia crisis in Pakistan and the proven success of premarital screening in other regions, the imperative for a nationwide mandate on premarital thalassemia screening cannot be overstated. Such legislation has the potential to substantially reduce the incidence of thalassemia by identifying carrier couples early in their relationship, thereby preventing high-risk marriages. By enacting and enforcing these laws, Pakistan can proactively address the root causes of this health issue and pave the way for a healthier and more informed future.
Fezolinetant- A novel NK3R antagonist for treating postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Saqib Ali  , Muhammad Affan Ilyas  
Published: July 2024

Madam,
It has been estimated that up to 80% of postmenopausal women experience vasomotor symptoms (VMS) such as hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings and difficulty in concentrating1. These symptoms markedly affect different aspects of daily life for women, including, sleep, mental well-being, sex, interpersonal communication and overall quality of life (QOL). Furthermore, they cause a significant burden on healthcare and workplace productivity.
Hormone therapy (HT), involving combined estrogen and progesterone or estrogen alone, is the standard management for VMS associated with menopause. However, safety and tolerability issues have discouraged the use of HT, due to the associated risk of breast cancer, stroke and venous thromboembolism2. Alternative treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clonidine, gabapentin, and herbal remedies, have demonstrated limited effectiveness with undesirable side effects like sedation and nausea3.
This situation warrants a safe and effective non-hormonal therapy for managing menopause-associated VMS. Neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) antagonists offer a unique therapeutic approach with minimal adverse effects (AEs). This class of drugs functions by inhibiting the stimulation of KNDy neurons, thereby restoring the normal function of the thermoregulatory centre, which is altered by reduced estrogen levels and subsequent unopposed action of the neuropeptide neurokinin B on NK3 receptors located on KNDy neurons in the hypothalamus4, 5.
In 2023 the United States Food and Drug Administration, has,approved the first ever NK3R antagonist, Fezolinetant, (Veozah) for VMS in postmenopausal women. The approval was granted following two phase 3, double-blind placebo controlled trials: SKYLIGHT 1 and 2. The efficacy of the drug was tested for 12 weeks including women aged between 40 and 65 with confirmed menopause and at least 7 episodes of hot flushes a day. Vasomotor symptoms , like hot flushes and night sweats, were effectively improved in the control group with beneficial effects on sleep. The most common AE was a headache. Other infrequent and non-serious AEs included abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue and oropharyngeal pain4, 5
NK3R antagonists are an innovative class of drugs that are an effective therapeutic option for postmenopausal symptoms with better efficacy and safety. Availability of the oral form of these drugs makes it an easier option for postmenopausal women, improving overall QOL.
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Copyright Infringement of Photographs on E-commerce Platforms
Authors: Pokrovskaya Anna 
Published: July 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce, protecting intellectual property rights, particularly in the realm of photography, has become increasingly vital. This article delves into the complex issue of copyright infringement on e-commerce platforms, with a specific focus on the concept of intermediary liability. While e-commerce platforms offer unparalleled convenience and global reach to consumers, they also present formidable challenges in upholding the rights of content creators, especially photographers. The article uniquely emphasizes the concept of intermediary liability in the context of e-commerce platforms. This focus is particularly relevant given the widespread use of these platforms in today’s digital marketplace. One of the significant contributions of this study is the comparative analysis of case law from different jurisdictions concerning intermediary liability for copyright infringement. This cross-jurisdictional examination helps illustrate how courts in various countries address similar issues, offering insights into potential harmonization of legal standards and guiding principles for future legislation and litigation. The research identifies specific challenges faced by photographers and copyright holders, such as the difficulty in monitoring vast quantities of online content and enforcing rights across multiple jurisdictions. The article sheds light on the broader impact of copyright infringement on the photography industry. The research offers practical recommendations and strategies to address copyright infringement on e-commerce platforms. These include leveraging automated image recognition technologies, establishing clear guidelines and protocols for sellers, and implementing efficient mechanisms for reporting and removing infringing content.

Received: 11 March 2024 | Revised: 9 July 2024 | Accepted: 24 July 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Author Contribution Statement
Anna Pokrovskaya: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Pengaruh Bentuk Sediaan Jahe Emprit (Zingiber officiale Var. Amarum) Terhadap Cemaran Logam Berat Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom
Authors: Susanti Mita , Candra Searly Riska , Ampur Angela Desiani 
Published: July 2024

Indonesia menempati urutan ke 5 di dunia dengan produksi 183,5 ton jahe pada tahun 2020. Jahe emprit (Zingiber Officinale Var Amarum) memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri, oleosin dan pati. Tingginya kandungan minyak atsiri dalam jahe emprit sebesar 1,5% - 3,5% sehingga jahe emprit berpotensi sebagai obat tradisional. Jahe dalam pengolahannya menjadi obat tradisional dapat dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan yang berbeda-beda seperti serbuk dan ekstrak. Cemaran logam berat merupakan persyaratan mutu yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pembuatan obat tradisional, salah satu logam yang mencemari rimpang yaitu logam Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk sediaan jahe emprit (Zingiber Officiale Var. Amarum) terhadap cemaran logam berat tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb) menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental, dengan variabel bebas adalah bentuk sediann jahe emprit yaitu serbuk dan ekstrak kental dan variabel terikat adalah kadar logam berat Cu dan Pb. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisa menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom dan dilakukan 3 kali replikasi. Hasil kadar logam berat Cu dan Pb kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji T-test untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk sediaan terhadap cemaran logam berat Cu dan Pb. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bentuk sediaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar logam berat Cu dan Pb dengan nilai (p>0,05).
OPTIMASI HPMC DAN XANTHAN GUM SEBAGAI MATRIKS TABLET LEPAS LAMBAT KAPTOPRIL MENGGUNAKAN METODE Simplex Lattice Design (SLD)
Authors: Sari Sandra Eka Purna , Aisyah Siti , Harjanti Reslely 
Published: July 2024

Sediaan lepas lambat kaptopril adalah sediaan yang dimodifikasi untuk mempertahankan obat pada kadar terapetik darah atau jaringan sehingga mengurangi fluktuasi konsentrasi dalam plasma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi matriks HPMC dan xanthan gum terhadap sifat fisik tablet lepas lambat kaptopril, serta mengetahui konsentrasi HPMC dan xanthan gum yang terbaik untuk mendapatkan sediaan lepas lambat kaptopril dengan sifat fisik optimum. Pembuatan sediaan menggunakan metode granulasi basah dan menggunakan 8 run dari Design Expert Simplex Lattice Design dengan perbandingan konsentrasi HPMC dan xanthan gum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi xanthan gum dapat meningkatan kekerasan tablet, menurunkan kerapuhan tablet, dan dapat menghalangi pelepasan zat aktif diawal sehingga laju pelepasan obat menjadi lambat. Formula optimum tablet lepas lambat kaptopril hasil optimasi adalah HPMC 8060-N 25,496 mg, xanthan gum 49,504 mg dengan kekerasan 15,668 kg, kerapuhan 0,026 g/detik, dan laju disolusi 45,512 %. Profil pelepasan tablet lepas lambat kaptopril dalam penelitian ini semua mengikuti kinetika pelepasan model Higuchi kecuali formula 4, 6, formula 8 yang mengikuti kinetika pelepasan orde nol.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis Utilizing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Algorithm for Integrating Multi-Omics Data and Clinical Features
Authors: Rofik Rofik , Artiyani Fani , Pertiwi Dwika Ananda Agustina 
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases affecting women worldwide, with a significant impact on patient's health and quality of life. Despite advances in medical technology and research, breast cancer diagnosis remains a challenge due to its complexity involving various biological and clinical factors. Several previous studies have focused on detecting this disease with optimal accuracy, but the selection of appropriate algorithms and methods is key to achieving this goal. This study aims to improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis by using the ANN algorithm and data balancing method, SMOTE. This research uses Multi-Omic data and Clinical Features obtained in general from Kaggle. The research process is carried out in several stages, namely Data Collection, Preprocessing, Oversampling, Modeling, and Evaluation. This research successfully obtained an increase in accuracy, which was able to achieve an accuracy of 99.30%. This research shows that early detection of breast cancer with ANN algorithm and data balancing using SMOTE can improve accuracy performance in early detection of breast cancer. Given the use of data in this study is not too large, it is recommended for further research to use a larger dataset to validate the strength of the model that has been built on more varied data.
The Two-Pronged Palestinian Response to Exclusion Within Israel
Authors: Rass Rida Abu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Palestinian leadership within Israel has undergone a series of political–organizational transformations since 2015, oscillating between cohesive and fragmented mobilization. Why did the leadership fragment, despite both structural and electoral pressures to maintain unity? What explains the rapid nature of these transformations? Relying on 35 interviews with activists and politicians, I argue that declining political opportunities and mounting threats led the Palestinian leadership to pursue unity as a strategic choice in 2015. Crossing a threshold, however, the perception of further diminishing opportunities for change elicited divergent strategic responses between a group that I label “hegemonic-accommodationist,” spearheaded by Mansour Abbas’ United Arab List, and a group that I label “hegemonic-rejectionist,” representing the rest of the Palestinian political leadership. Overall, this study suggests that unity and disunity within ethnopolitical movements are linked to leaders’ perception of opportunity (and the lack thereof).
The role of Higher Education Institutions in training engineers for the era of circular economy: the Portuguese case
Authors: Vidal Raphaela , Marques Pedro Carmona , Vidal Filho Walter de Britto , Afzal Arisha 
Published: July 2024

The transition from linear economy (LE) towards a circular economy (CE) is Europe Union´s (EU) concerned and involve lot of efforts and actions. Education for circular economy (ECE) is emergent. This paper aims to map Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Portugal, Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programs and Postgraduate courses in Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM) that address CE in their curricula with the aim of empowering students for the new era. A systematic search was performed to identify B.Sc./ M.Sc. in IEM of Portuguese Universities and Polytechnic Institutes, public and private, analyzing the content of their curricular units. As results, this study did not identify a strong interest about CE on the part of HEIs and their lecturers. Findings suggest that HEIs are not training future IEM engineers for the era of CE. This study contributes to make an alert to HEIs and their lecturers to review their teaching process, stimulating to improve the quality of the IEM curricula. We suggest a deep reform of the professional curriculum system, enriching curricular. Future studies can approach skills and competences developed towards CE what facilitate a redesign of courses.
THE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THE GENTAMICIN AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIA : IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Shakurfow Fathi Abdallah , Edalim Ali Salem Faraj , Elgutt Osama Milad , Abdalla Abdelkrem Mohamed Bashir , Zaet Abd urraouf 
Published: July 2024

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are becoming more serious danger to worldwide public health. As a result, the efficacy of traditional antimicrobials is fast falling, posing a threat to healthcare providers’ capacity to treat common infection. Bacterial infective diseases are an important reason of sickness and death globally. Several medicine resistances in human pathogenic microorganisms had develop because of undiscriminating custom of commercial anti-microbial medicines.The main objective of the present study is, to evaluate the ability of the plants extract, to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with and without antibiotics and non-antibiotics drugs. Also, to enhance the activity of antibiotics or non-antibiotics drugs against selective pathogenic bacteria, to investigate antibacterial effects of thyme crude extract (Tm), ginger crud extract (Gi), garlic crud extract (Ga) and acacia crud extract (AC) against Escherichia coli ( E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and to investigate the ability of increasing the potency of Gentamycin antibiotic against E. coli and S. aureus by mixed with thyme crude extract (Tm), ginger crud extract (Gi), garlic crud extract (Ga) and acacia crud extract (AC). Material and methods, in this study used gentamicin mixed with for types of crud extracts garlic, ginger, acacia, and thyme against two types of bacteria E. coli and S. aureus. Used disc diffusion method. Results found that three types had increasing the effect of gentamicin against S. aureus and had not affect against E. coli. Also, increased the potency of gentamicin against S. aureus when combined with garlic, thyme and acacia crud extracts.
Perbandingan Pemberian Buah Naga Dan Buah Bit Terhadap Kadar Hb Ibu Hamil Di PMB RY Kecamatan Panongan Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Yanti Rom Yul 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Anemia is a factor in maternal mortality. PMB RY Panongan District, Tangerang Regency, the target data for anemic pregnant women in 2020 is 13.6%; in 2021 it is 14.6% and in 2022 it is 15.8%. Prevention of anemia in pregnancy apart from Fe supplements can also be done by consuming foods that contain iron, such as dragon fruit and beets.
Methods: Quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group design. The sample is pregnant women who experience anemia in January-February 2023 as many as 30 samples using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention was given 250g once a day for 14 days. Bivariate analysis used paired sample t-test and independent t-test.
Results: The results of a Univariate study of Hb levels of pregnant women before the administration of dragon fruit averaged = 10,247 gr/dl and after the administration of dragon fruit averaged = 10,627 gr/dl. Hb levels of pregnant women before the administration of beets averaged = 10,187 gr/dl and after the administration of beets averaged = 11,133 gr/dl. The results of the bivariate study obtained a p-value = 0,000.
Discussion: There are differences in the effect of giving dragon fruit and beetroot on Hb levels of pregnant women. Pregnant women are expected to be diligent in consuming foods that contain iron, one of which is beetroot and lemon juice, and be obedient in consuming Fe tablets to increase Hb levels in the mother's blood.
Impact of bisphosphonate treatment on bone mineral density after kidney transplant
Authors: Georgopoulou Georgia Andriana , Papasotiriou Marios , Ntrinias Theodoros , Savvidaki Eirini , Goumenos Dimitrios S , Papachristou Evangelos 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Mineral bone disease is associated with chronic kidney disease and persists after kidney transplantation. Immunosuppressive treatment contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease. Bisphosphonate treatments have shown positive but indefinite results.
AIM
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonate treatment on post kidney transplantation bone mineral density (BMD).
METHODS
We included kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) whose BMD was measured after the operation but before the initiation of treatment and their BMD was measured at least one year later. We also evaluated the BMD of KTRs using two valid measurements after transplantation who received no treatment (control group).
RESULTS
Out of 254 KTRs, 62 (39 men) were included in the study. Bisphosphonates were initiated in 35 KTRs in total (20 men), 1.1 ± 2.4 years after operation and for a period of 3.9 ± 2.3 years while 27 (19 men) received no treatment. BMD improved significantly in KTRs who received bisphosphonate treatments (from -2.29 ± 1.07 to -1.66 ± 1.09, P < 0.0001). The control group showed a non-significant decrease in BMD after 4.2 ± 1.4 years of follow-up after surgery. Kidney function was not affected by bisphosphonate treatment. In KTRs with established osteoporosis, active treatment had a similar and significant effect on those with osteopenia or normal bone mass.
CONCLUSION
In this retrospective study of KTRs receiving bisphosphonate treatment, we showed that active treatment is effective in preventing bone loss irrespective of baseline BMD.
Statin, aspirin and metformin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related outcomes following liver transplantation: A retrospective study
Authors: Chung William , Wong Kevin , Ravindranayagam Noel , Tang Lauren , Grace Josephine , Wong Darren , Con Danny , Sinclair Marie , Majumdar Avik , Kutaiba Numan , Hui Samuel , Gow Paul , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan , Dobrovic Alexander , Testro Adam 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Liver transplantation (LT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC-recurrence following LT is associated with reduced survival. There is increasing interest in chemoprophylaxis to improve HCC-related outcomes post-LT.
AIM
To investigate whether there is any benefit for the use of drugs with proposed chemoprophylactic properties against HCC, and patient outcomes following LT.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study of adult patients who received Deceased Donor LT for HCC from 2005-2022, from a single Australian centre. Drug use was defined as statin, aspirin or metformin therapy for ≥ 29 days, within 24 months post-LT. A cox proportional-hazards model with time-dependent covariates was used for survival analysis. Outcome measures were the composite-endpoint of HCC-recurrence and all-cause mortality, HCC-recurrence and HCC-related mortality. Sensitivity analysis was performed to account for immortality time bias and statin dosing.
RESULTS
Three hundred and five patients were included in this study, with 253 (82.95%) males with a median age of 58.90 years. Aetiologies of liver disease were 150 (49.18%) hepatitis C, 73 (23.93%) hepatitis B (HBV) and 33 (10.82%) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 56 (18.36%) took statins, 51 (16.72%) aspirin and 50 (16.39%) metformin. During a median follow-up time of 59.90 months, 34 (11.15%) developed HCC-recurrence, 48 (15.74%) died, 17 (5.57%) from HCC-related mortality. Statin, aspirin or metformin use was not associated with statistically significant differences in the composite endpoint of HCC-recurrence or all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.16, 95%CI: 0.58-2.30; HR: 1.21, 95%CI: 0.28-5.27; HR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.27-1.36], HCC-recurrence (HR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.20-1.35; HR: 0.51, 95%CI: 0.14-1.93; HR 1.00, 95%CI: 0.37-2.72), or HCC-related mortality (HR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.033-3.09; HR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.14-3.73; HR: 1.57, 95%CI: 0.61-4.04) respectively. Statin dosing was not associated with statistically significant differences in HCC-related outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Statin, metformin or aspirin use was not associated with improved HCC-related outcomes post-LT, in a largely historical cohort of Australian patients with a low proportion of NAFLD. Further prospective, multicentre studies are required to clarify any potential benefit of these drugs to improve HCC-related outcomes.