bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Spillover in Encapsulated Metal Catalysts: New Opportunities for Designing Advanced Hydroprocessing Catalysts
Authors: Choi Minkee , Yook Sunwoo , Kim Hyungjun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHydrogen spillover has been one of the most debated concepts in the field of heterogeneous catalysis due to limited ways of studying it. The main controversies in hydrogen spillover, especially from the viewpoint of its catalytic functions, can be mainly attributed to the absence of well‐defined model catalysts that can provide direct proof of the catalytic functions of hydrogen spillover. In this article, we will provide an overview of the recent progress made with encapsulated metal catalysts, which can act as an ideal model catalyst for proving the existence and catalytic functions of hydrogen spillover. We will also demonstrate unique opportunities of using the encapsulated metal catalysts for designing advanced hydroprocessing catalysts with enhanced activity, distinct chemoselectivity, and increased catalyst durability.
Divergent Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Natural Product‐Inspired Bipartite Cyclodepsipeptides: Total Synthesis of Seragamide A
Authors: Arndt Hans‐Dieter , Rizzo Stefano , Nöcker Christina , Wakchaure Vijay N. , Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Bieker Vanessa , Calderon Abram , Tran Tuyen T. N. , Brand Silke , Dehmelt Leif , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMacrocyclic natural products (NPs) and analogues thereof often show high affinity, selectivity, and metabolic stability, and methods for the synthesis of NP‐like macrocycle collections are of major current interest. We report an efficient solid‐phase/cyclorelease method for the synthesis of a collection of macrocyclic depsipeptides with bipartite peptide/polyketide structure inspired by the very potent F‐actin stabilizing depsipeptides of the jasplakinolide/geodiamolide class. The method includes the assembly of an acyclic precursor chain on a polymeric carrier, terminated by olefins that constitute complementary fragments of the polyketide section and cyclization by means of a relay‐ring‐closing metathesis (RRCM). The method was validated in the first total synthesis of the actin‐stabilizing cyclodepsipeptide seragamide A and the synthesis of a collection of structurally diverse bipartite depsipeptides.
Preparation, Surface and Crystal Structure, Band Energetics, Optoelectronic, and Photocatalytic Properties of AuxCd1−xS Nanorods
Authors: Singh Rohit , Pal Bonamali 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of novel AuxCd1−xS materials (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) were prepared and their optical properties, structural‐surface morphology, and photocatalytic activity for oxidation and reduction reactions under visible‐light irradiation were studied. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the shrinkage of the hexagonal crystal structure of CdS; the lattice parameters decreased as a=4.190→4.072 Å and b=c=6.790→6.635 Å with increased loading (1–10 mol %) of the Au3+ dopant. Optical spectra of AuxCd1−xS revealed a significant red‐shift (485→538 nm) of the absorption onset and band edge emission (506→530 nm) with notable quenching in photoluminescence. The bandgap energy decreases (2.71→2.41 eV) with increasing Au3+ doping of the CdS nanorods along with considerable shifting of valence band (+1.13→+1.04 eV) and conduction band positions (−1.58→−1.36 eV) versus NHE. The surface area of bare CdS (90.56 m2 g−1) is gradually reduced to 12.32 m2 g−1 with increasing Au3+ doping content. The photocatalytic activity considerably improves with doping, where the Au0.1Cd0.9S composite displays the highest levels of photooxidation (95 %) of 0.5 mM salicyldehyde and reduction of 5 mM m‐dinitrobenzene to m‐nitroaniline (44 %) and m‐phenylenediamine (52 %) relative to bare CdS (50 %) probably due to the homogeneous dispersion of Au3+ ions throughout CdS crystal, their superior band‐energetics for facile charge‐separation and better photostability.
Silver Phosphate/Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Photocatalytic Tandem System for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Tang Hua , Xu Jingsan , Antonietti Markus , Shalom Menny 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHerein, we show the facile synthesis of an efficient silver phosphate/graphitic carbon nitride (Ag3PO4/g‐C3N4) photocatalyst for oxygen production and pollutant degradation by using electrostatically driven assembly and ion‐exchange processes. The composite materials demonstrate a sheet‐like C3N4 structure, decorated with different Ag3PO4 particles sizes. Detailed analysis of the reactions mechanism by electron‐spin resonance and radical‐capture agents strongly imply the formation of an in situ Z‐scheme by the evolution of small silver nanoparticles in the interface of the materials under illumination. The Ag nanoparticles improve charge separation within the composite material by acting as a storage and recombination center for electrons and holes from Ag3PO4 and C3N4, respectively. In addition, the photostability of Ag3PO4 is enhanced relative to that of the bulk materials, which results in a stabilized heterojunction. We believe that this work provides new insight into the operation mechanism of composite photocatalysts for water splitting and opens the possibility for advanced photocatalysis based on the higher oxidation power of Ag3PO4.
Heavy metals screening of rice bran oils and its relation to composition
Authors: Bakota Erica L. , Dunn Robert O. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: February 2015

Rice bran oil contains beneficial compounds that contribute to its resistance to oxidation, as well as the health of consumers. However, concerns have surfaced in recent years related to the heavy metal content of rice and rice‐derived products. Rice is known to take up arsenic at a higher rate than other grain crops. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization recently set an acceptable limit of 0.2 μg/g of arsenic in rice, but no limits have been set for other edible products such as rice bran oil. Furthermore, arsenic levels in rice bran oil have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work we characterized both crude and refined rice bran oils, including detailed chemical composition, analysis of bioactive lipids, and a multi‐faceted approach for assessing prior oxidative history and stability of rice bran oils. We also analyzed levels of arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and zinc. Metal concentrations were verified through two independent analytical laboratories. Concentrations of lead and cadmium in rice bran oils were generally low. Zinc concentrations were detectable but low relative to daily dietary allowances. Arsenic and mercury concentrations differed between the methods used to collect the data. We explore in this work the origins of these differences.Practical applications: Rice absorbs arsenic at a high rate relative to other crops, which has lead to increased consumer concern regarding toxic metal contaminants in rice and rice products. Despite the recent interest in this topic and limited work by the US FDA to test arsenic levels in rice, metal concentrations in rice bran oils have remained unexplored. In this work, we offer a complete characterization of crude and refined rice bran oils, including analysis of arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and zinc. This work explores the utility of different ICP methods for heavy metals analysis, and the work described here may provide context for much of the recent press surrounding metal contaminants in rice.Heavy metal concentrations in eight different rice bran oils (µg/g). The relative sizes of metal ions are proportional to their most common ionic radius.
Are Benzoic Acids Always More Acidic Than Phenols? The Case ofortho‐,meta‐, andpara‐Hydroxybenzoic Acids
Authors: Galaverna Renan S. , Bataglion Giovana A. , Heerdt Gabriel , de Sa Gilberto F. , Daroda Romeu , Cunha Valnei S. , Morgon Nelson H. , Eberlin Marcos N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTo address the title question, the relative intrinsic acidities of phenol and benzoic acid as well as the isomeric family ofortho‐,meta‐, andpara‐hydroxybenzoic acids were compared. Dissociation of the [PhCO2···H···OPh]–proton‐bound dimer showed slightly greater acidity for benzoic acid. Using traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM‐MS) with CO2as the drift gas and post‐TWIM collision‐induced dissociation, the gaseous deprotonated molecules of the isomeric hydroxybenzoic acids were properly separated and characterized. For theparaisomer, an intrinsic gas‐phase acidity order inverse to that in solution was found, as before, that is, the phenol site ofpara‐hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be considerably more acidic than its benzoic acid site, whereas the opposite was observed in solution, regardless of the solvent. However, for theorthoandmetaisomers, the inversion in acidity order upon going from solution to the gas phase was not observed, and gaseous carboxylate anions were still found to predominate over phenoxide anions. Actually, for theorthoisomer, an even greater acidity as estimated from proton affinity values for the benzoic acid site relative to that of the phenol site was predicted, and accordingly, only a single isomer was sampled by TWIM‐MS. Rationales for these contrasting trends based on interfering inductive effects, charge delocalization by resonance, and intraionic H‐bonds that govern the acidity of benzoic acid relative to that of phenols are presented.
Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes
Authors: Homa Joanna , Rorat Agnieszka , Kruk Jerzy , Cocquerelle Claude , Plytycz Barbara , Vandenbulcke Franck 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Parameters such as total number of coelomocytes, riboflavin content in coelomocytes, expression of genes implied in metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms can be used as biomarkers to assess the impact of metals on annelids. Defense biomarkers (detoxification gene expressions and coelomocyte parameters) were investigated in the ecotoxicologically important species Eisenia andrei following in vivo exposure to 5 different metals (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium) at known concentrations. Coelomocyte numbers and riboflavin content were not affected by metallic exposure, but metal-specific gene expression variations were evidenced. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1397–1404. © 2015 SETAC
Placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter into the azygous vein
Authors: Franklin Iain , Gilmore Christopher 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are used for a variety of infusion therapies. They are indicated in patients requiring long‐term venous access. Incorrect positioning of the insertion of a PICC line is one of the known complications when inserting the device in clinical practice. Radiographers once performing imaging will commonly check if the tip of a PICC has entered the superior vena cava. This case study will report on a lesser known incorrect placement of a PICC line into the azygous vein and how this can be detected on radiographic imaging. This outcome for the patient can be detrimental as it has an increased risk of perforation, thrombus, and fistula formation.
Life estimation methodology for short fiber reinforced polymers under thermo‐mechanical loading in automotive applications
Authors: Schaaf A. , De Monte M. , Moosbrugger E. , Vormwald M. , Quaresimin M. 
Published: February 2015

In this paper a FE based lifetime assessment methodology for short glass fiber reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (PBT‐GF30) under thermo‐mechanical fatigue (TMF) loading is presented.In order to investigate the fatigue behavior of the material both isothermal strain controlled fatigue (ISCF) tests at four different temperatures and thermo‐mechanical fatigue tests were conducted on plain and notched specimens.Through a comparative microscopic investigation of thermo‐mechanical fatigue fracture surfaces and isothermal strain controlled fatigue fracture surfaces created at different temperatures the material state (i.e. the temperature) at which thermo‐mechanical fatigue failure occurs was determined.On the basis of this insight a life estimation methodology derived from a strain energy density (SED) based approach was developed for the corresponding isothermal strain controlled fatigue load case [1]. Through consideration of additional effects occurring during thermo‐mechanical fatigue testing (i.e. relaxation, spatial temperature gradients, creep damage due to low testing frequencies and plastic overloads) the isothermal approach was successfully adapted to the thermo‐mechanical fatigue load case.
A particle method for two‐phase flows with large density difference
Authors: Luo M. , Koh C. G. , Gao M. , Bai W. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA new numerical approach for solving incompressible two‐phase flows is presented in the framework of the recently developed Consistent Particle Method (CPM). In the context of the Lagrangian particle formulation, the CPM computes spatial derivatives based on the generalized finite difference scheme and produces good results for single‐phase flow problems. Nevertheless, for two‐phase flows, the method cannot be directly applied near the fluid interface because of the abrupt discontinuity of fluid density resulting in large change in pressure gradient. This problem is resolved by dealing with the pressure gradient normalized by density, leading to a two‐phase CPM of which the original singlephase CPM is a special case. In addition, a new adaptive particle selection scheme is proposed to overcome the problem of ill‐conditioned coefficient matrix of pressure Poisson equation when particles are sparse and non‐uniformly spaced. Numerical examples of Rayleigh–Taylor instability, gravity current flow, water‐air sloshing and dam break are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in wave profile and pressure solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH responsiveness of fibrous assemblies of repeat‐sequence amphipathic α‐helix polypeptides
Authors: Takei Toshiaki , Tsumoto Kouhei , Okonogi Atsuhito , Kimura Akiko , Kojima Shuichi , Yazaki Kazumori , Takei Tsunetomo , Ueda Takuya , Miura Kin‐ichiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe reported previously that our designed polypeptide α3 (21 residues), which has three repeats of a seven‐amino‐acid sequence (LETLAKA)3, forms not only an amphipathic α‐helix structure but also long fibrous assemblies in aqueous solution. To address the relationship between the electrical states of the polypeptide and its α‐helix and fibrous assembly formation, we characterized mutated polypeptides in which charged amino acid residues of α3 were replaced with Ser. We prepared the following polypeptides: 2Sα3 (LSTLAKA)3, in which all Glu residues were replaced with Ser residues; 6Sα3 (LETLASA)3, in which all Lys residues were replaced with Ser; and 2S6Sα3 (LSTLASA)3; in which all Glu and Lys residues were replaced with Ser. In 0.1M KCl, 2Sα3 formed an α‐helix under basic conditions and 6Sα3 formed an α‐helix under acid conditions. In 1M KCl, they both formed α‐helices under a wide pH range. In addition, 2Sα3 and 6Sα3 formed fibrous assemblies under the same buffer conditions in which they formed α‐helices. α‐Helix and fibrous assembly formation by these polypeptides was reversible in a pH‐dependent manner. In contrast, 2S6Sα3 formed an α‐helix under basic conditions in 1M KCl. Taken together, these findings reveal that the charge states of the charged amino acid residues and the charge state of the Leu residue located at the terminus play an important role in α‐helix formation.
On the correlation between perceptual inundation caused by realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes and the sensory gating inventory in schizophrenia
Authors: El-Kaim A. , Aramaki M. , Ystad S. , Kronland-Martinet R. , Cermolacce M. , Naudin J. , Vion-Dury J. , Micoulaud-Franchi J.-A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn schizophrenia, perceptual inundation related to sensory gating deficit can be evaluated “off-line” with the sensory gating inventory (SGI) and “on-line” during listening tests. However, no study investigated the relation between “off-line evaluation” and “on-line evaluation”. The present study investigates this relationship.MethodsA sound corpus of 36 realistic environmental auditory scenes was obtained from a 3D immersive synthesizer. Twenty schizophrenic patients and twenty healthy subjects completed the SGI and evaluated the feeling of “inundation” from 1 (“null”) to 5 (“maximum”) for each auditory scene. Sensory gating deficit was evaluated in half of each population group with P50 suppression electrophysiological measure.ResultsEvaluation of inundation during sound listening was significantly higher in schizophrenia (3.25) compared to the control group (2.40, P < .001). The evaluation of inundation during the listening test correlated significantly with the perceptual modulation (n = 20, rho = .52, P = .029) and the over-inclusion dimensions (n = 20, rho = .59, P = .01) of the SGI in schizophrenic patients and with the P50 suppression for the entire group of controls and patients who performed ERP recordings (n = 20, rho = −.49, P = .027).ConclusionAn evaluation of the external validity of the SGI was obtained through listening tests. The ability to control acoustic parameters of each of the realistic immersive environmental auditory scenes might in future research make it possible to identify acoustic triggers related to perceptual inundation in schizophrenia.
Evaluation of a Pilot Educational Program on Safe and Effective Insertion and Management of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters
Authors: Higgins Niall , Keogh Samantha , Rickard Claire 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion and subsequent care have been highlighted as areas for improvement in the management of intravascular devices; however, only the fundamentals of PIVC care are routinely taught to registered nurses in Australia. In 2013, a vascular access-focused elective postgraduate course, Peripheral Intravenous Access and Care (8035NRS) was commenced for students enrolled in any of the Griffith University master's degree programs. It was developed with the intent to translate research knowledge into practice by providing access to the latest research findings and current best practices in peripheral intravenous access. Topics covered preinsertion, insertion, and postinsertion care and were developed for the online environment, which is known to be conducive to individual student learning styles. Learning activities included viewing short videos delivered by local and international clinical researchers. This course is the first known university-provided, postgraduate academic course on this subject in Australia, and possibly 1 of the few available internationally. The course succeeded in its aim of increasing knowledge and skills about safe, evidence-based PIVC insertion and care to registered nurses. Its development and implementation at the postgraduate level may be regarded as a strategy to provide a greater understanding regarding scope and relevance for nursing practice and for informed decision making on optimum integration at the undergraduate level. This ultimately will increase positive patient outcomes and the patient experience of vascular access.
The equilibrium dynamics and statistics of gravity–capillary waves
Authors: Melville W. Kendall , Fedorov Alexey V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent field observations and modelling of breaking surface gravity waves suggest that air-entraining breaking is not sufficiently dissipative of surface gravity waves to balance the dynamics of wind-wave growth and nonlinear interactions with dissipation for the shorter gravity waves of $O(10)$ cm wavelength. Theories of parasitic capillary waves that form at the crest and forward face of shorter steep gravity waves have shown that the dissipative effects of these waves may be one to two orders of magnitude greater than the viscous dissipation of the underlying gravity waves. Thus the parasitic capillaries may provide the required dissipation of the short wind-generated gravity waves. This has been the subject of speculation and conjecture in the literature. Using the nonlinear theory of Fedorov & Melville (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 354, 1998, pp. 1–42), we show that the dissipation due to the parasitic capillaries is sufficient to balance the wind input to the short gravity waves over some range of wave ages and wave slopes. The range of gravity wave lengths on which these parasitic capillary waves are dynamically significant approximately corresponds to the range of short gravity waves that Cox & Munk (J. Mar. Res., vol. 13, 1954, pp. 198–227) found contributed significantly to the mean square slope of the ocean surface, which they measured to be proportional to the wind speed. Here we show that the mean square slope predicted by the theory is proportional to the square of the friction velocity of the wind, ${u_{\ast }}^{2}$, for small wave slopes, and approximately $u_{\ast }$ for larger slopes.
Stable oxygen isotope chemostratigraphy and paleotemperature regime of mosasaurs at Bentiaba, Angola
Authors: Strganac C. , Jacobs L.L. , Polcyn M.J. , Ferguson K.M. , Mateus O. , Gonçalves A. Olímpio , Morais M.-L. , da Silva Tavares T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStable oxygen isotope values of inoceramid marine bivalve shells recovered from Bentiaba, Angola, are utilised as a proxy for paleotemperatures during the Late Cretaceous development of the African margin of the South Atlantic Ocean. The δ18O values derived from inoceramids show a long-term increase from –3.2‰ in the Late Turonian to values between –0.8 and –1.8‰ in the Late Campanian. Assuming a constant oceanic δ18O value, an ∼2‰ increase may reflect cooling of the shallow marine environment at Bentiaba by approximately 10°. Bentiaba values are offset by about +1‰ from published records for bathyal Inoceramus at Walvis Ridge. This offset in δ18O values suggests a temperature difference of ∼5° between coastal and deeper water offshore Angola. Cooler temperatures implied by the δ18O curve at Bentiaba coincide with the stratigraphic distribution of diverse marine amniotes, including mosasaurs, at Bentiaba.
The Incorporation of Nanoparticles into Conventional Glass-Ionomer Dental Restorative Cements
Authors: Gjorgievska Elizabeta , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Nicholson John W. , Coleman Nichola J. , Slipper Ian J. , Booth Samantha 
Published: February 2015

AbstractConventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are popular restorative materials, but their use is limited by their relatively low mechanical strength. This paper reports an attempt to improve these materials by incorporation of 10 wt% of three different types of nanoparticles, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium dioxide, into two commercial GICs (ChemFil® Rock and EQUIA™ Fil). The results indicate that the nanoparticles readily dispersed into the cement matrix by hand mixing and reduced the porosity of set cements by filling the empty spaces between the glass particles. Both cements showed no significant difference in compressive strength with added alumina, and ChemFil® Rock also showed no significant difference with zirconia. By contrast, ChemFil® Rock showed significantly higher compressive strength with added titania, and EQUIA™ Fil showed significantly higher compressive strength with both zirconia and titania. Fewer air voids were observed in all nanoparticle-containing cements and this, in turn, reduced the development of cracks within the matrix of the cements. These changes in microstructure provide a likely reason for the observed increases in compressive strength, and overall the addition of nanoparticles appears to be a promising strategy for improving the physical properties of GICs.