bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting for large vessel contamination in dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI by extension to a physiological model of the vasculature
Authors: Chappell Michael A. , Mehndiratta Amit , Calamante Fernando 
Published: August 2014

PurposeDynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion images are contaminated by contributions from macro vascular signal arising from contrast agent within the larger arteries that do not contribute directly to the local tissue perfusion.MethodsA vascular model of the DSC perfusion signal was extended by the inclusion of a macro vascular component based on the arterial input function. This was implemented within a Bayesian nonlinear model‐fitting algorithm that included automatic model complexity reduction. Results were compared with existing methods that do not correct for the macro vascular contamination as well as an independent component analysis technique.ResultsMacro vascular signal was identified in regions corresponding to larger arteries resulting in reductions by 62% within a region of interest identified with high contamination. Whereas visually similar results could be achieved with independent component analysis, it resulted in reductions in global tissue perfusion and was not robustly applicable to patient data.ConclusionA model‐based strategy for correction of macro vascular contamination in DSC perfusion images is feasible, although the model may currently need extending to more accurately account for nonlinear effects of contrast agent in large arteries. Magn Reson Med 74:280–290, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Breastfeeding duration and asthma in Puerto Rican children
Authors: Rosas‐Salazar Christian , Forno Erick , Brehm John M. , Han Yueh‐Ying , Acosta‐Pérez Edna , Cloutier Michelle M. , Wakefield Dorothy B. , Alvarez María , Colón‐Semidey Angel , Canino Glorisa , Celedón Juan C. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryRationaleLittle is known about breastfeeding and asthma in Puerto Ricans, the ethnic group most affected by this disease in the US. We examined the relation between the currently recommended duration of breastfeeding and asthma in school‐aged Puerto Rican children.MethodsCase‐control study of 1,127 Puerto Rican children aged 6–14 years living in Hartford, Connecticut (n = 449) and San Juan, Puerto Rico (n = 678). Parental recall of breastfeeding was categorized based on duration and according to current guidelines (i.e., none, 0–6 months, and >6 months). Asthma was defined as parental report of physician‐diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the previous year. We used logistic regression for the multivariate analysis, which was conducted separately for each study site and for the combined cohort. All multivariate models were adjusted for age, gender, household income, atopy, maternal asthma, body mass index, early‐life exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and (for the combined cohort) study site.ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, children who were breastfed for up to 6 months had 30% lower odds of asthma (95% CI = 0.5–1.0, P = 0.04) than those who were not breastfed. In this analysis, breastfeeding for longer than 6 months was not significantly associated with asthma (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0–2.4, P = 0.06).ConclusionsOur results suggest that breastfeeding for up to 6 months (as assessed by parental recall) is associated with decreased odds of asthma in Puerto Rican children, and that there is no additional beneficial effect of breastfeeding for over 6 months. These results support current recommendations on the duration of breastfeeding in an ethnic group at risk for asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:527–534. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enterprise PSM development, implementation, and auditing
Authors: Moore David A. , Hazzan Michael J. , Heller David M. , Rose Martin R. 
Published: August 2014

Process safety management (PSM) system auditing is evolving into a more business critical function and is receiving far more attention than previously as PSM evolves. The expectation for success in PSM is high and auditing is a key opportunity to validate the process and improve performance. Most auditing processes address the PSM system from an incomplete approach without consideration of the actual design of the management system or goals of the organization. Auditing can be more effective if synchronized to organizational design and goals. PSM management systems and the audit process that review them need to be defined from the fundamentals, including the following considerations:

What management model will be used?
Which elements will the process comprise?
Is the program regulatory driven or performance driven?
Are there multiple performance objectives to be met?
What key performance indicators (KPIs) will be used to measure performance?
With that foundation, the auditing process can be defined to assure compliance to the required system. Many companies are only now facing the rationalization of global PSM performance. This article will outline an approach for defining corporate objectives, understanding options available, defining a PSM program, defining performance objectives and KPIs, designing an audit program, and then executing the audit process. This is a necessity to ensure that the enterprise‐wide process is defined and managed for responsible management of process hazards [9th Global Congress on Process Safety, San Antonio, TX, April 29–May 1, 2013]. © 2014 The Authors. Process Safety Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 34: 94–99, 2015
A formalisation of deep metamodelling
Authors: Rossini Alessandro , de Lara Juan , Guerra Esther , Rutle Adrian , Wolter Uwe 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Metamodelling is one of the pillars of model-driven engineering, used for language engineering and domain modelling. Even though metamodelling is traditionally based on a two-metalevel approach, several researchers have pointed out limitations of this solution and proposed an alternative
deep
(also called
multi-level
) approach to obtain simpler system specifications. However, this approach currently lacks a formalisation that can be used to explain fundamental concepts such as deep characterisation, double linguistic/ontological typing and linguistic extension. This paper provides such a formalisation based on the Diagram Predicate Framework, and discusses its practical realisation in the
metaDepth
tool.
Inverse Magnus effect on a rotating sphere: when and why
Authors: Kim Jooha , Choi Haecheon , Park Hyungmin , Yoo Jung Yul 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn some specific conditions, a flying spinning ball deflects in a direction opposite to that predicted by the Magnus effect, which is known as the inverse Magnus effect. To elucidate when and why this effect occurs, we measure the variations of the drag and lift forces on a rotating sphere and the corresponding flow field with the spin ratio (the ratio of the rotational velocity to the translational one). This counterintuitive phenomenon occurs because the boundary layer flow moving against the surface of a rotating sphere undergoes a transition to turbulence, whereas that moving with the rotating surface remains laminar. The turbulence energizes the flow and thus the main separation occurs farther downstream, inducing faster flow velocity there and generating negative lift force. Empirical formulae are derived to predict the location where the flow separates as a function of the Reynolds number and the spin ratio. Using the formulae derived, the condition for the onset of the inverse Magnus effect is suggested based on the negative lift generation mechanism.
The PRO GREENS intervention in Finnish schoolchildren – the degree of implementation affects both mediators and the intake of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Lehto Reetta , Määttä Suvi , Lehto Elviira , Ray Carola , te Velde Saskia , Lien Nanna , Thorsdottir Inga , Yngve Agneta , Roos Eva 
Published: August 2014

Little is known about the mediating effects of the determinants of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in school-based interventions that promote FV intake, and few studies have examined the impact of the degree of implementation on the effects of an intervention. The present study examined whether the degree of implementation of an intervention had an effect on children's fruit or vegetable intake and determined possible mediators of this effect. The study is part of the European PRO GREENS intervention study which aimed to develop effective strategies to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables in schoolchildren across Europe. Data from 727 Finnish children aged 11 years were used. The baseline study was conducted in spring 2009 and the follow-up study 12 months later. The intervention was conducted during the school year 2009–2010. The effects were examined using multilevel mediation analyses. A high degree of implementation of the intervention had an effect on children's fruit intake. Knowledge of recommendations for FV intake and liking mediated the association between a high degree of implementation of the intervention and an increase in the frequency of fruit intake. Knowledge of recommendations for FV intake and bringing fruits to school as a snack mediated the association between a low degree of implementation of the intervention and an increase in the frequency of fruit intake. Overall, the model accounted for 34 % of the variance in the change in fruit intake frequency. Knowledge of recommendations acted as a mediator between the degree of implementation of the intervention and the change in vegetable intake frequency. In conclusion, the degree of implementation had an effect on fruit intake, and thus in future intervention studies the actual degree of implementation of interventions should be assessed when considering the effects of interventions.
Vitamins B2and B6as determinants of kynurenines and related markers of interferon-γ-mediated immune activation in the community-based Hordaland Health Study
Authors: Theofylaktopoulou Despoina , Ulvik Arve , Midttun Øivind , Ueland Per Magne , Vollset Stein Emil , Nygård Ottar , Hustad Steinar , Tell Grethe S. , Eussen Simone J. P. M. 
Published: August 2014

Vitamins B2and B6are cofactors in the kynurenine pathway. Many of the kynurenines are neuroactive compounds with immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate plasma concentrations of vitamins B2and B6as determinants of kynurenines and two markers of interferon-γ-mediated immune activation (kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR) and neopterin). We measured the concentrations of vitamins B2and B6vitamers, neopterin, tryptophan and six kynurenines (i.e. kynurenine, anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and xanthurenic acid) in plasma from 7051 individuals. Dietary intake of vitamins B2and B6was assessed using a validated FFQ. Associations were investigated using partial Spearman's correlations, generalised additive models, and segmented or multiple linear regression. The B2vitamer, riboflavin, was positively associated with 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and xanthurenic acid, with correlation coefficients, as obtained by segmented regression, of 0·20 (95 % CI 0·16, 0·23) and 0·24 (95 % CI 0·19, 0·28), at riboflavin concentrations below the median value (13·0 nmol/l). The vitamin B6vitamer, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), was positively associated with most kynurenines at PLP concentrations < 39·3–47·0 nmol/l, and inversely associated with 3-hydroxykynurenine with the association being more prominent at PLP concentrations < 18·9 nmol/l. Riboflavin and PLP were associated with xanthurenic acid only at relatively low, but normal concentrations of both vitamers. Lastly, PLP was negatively correlated with neopterin and KTR. These results demonstrate the significant and complex determination of kynurenine metabolism by vitamin status. Future studies on B-vitamins and kynurenines in relation to chronic diseases should therefore integrate data on relevant biomarkers related to B-vitamins status and tryptophan metabolism.
Anxiety and Vote Decision Making in Winner-Take-All Elections
Authors: Dumitrescu Delia , Blais André 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe study strategic voting behaviour in winner-take-all elections by means of an original study in which participants vote to collectively decide how much money should be given to an environmental NGO. We find that supporters of the most NGO-friendly party are reluctant to abandon it, despite its poor electoral viability. The poor electoral viability generates significant anxiety among its supporters and the level of anxiety at the time of voting influences their choice. Moderate levels of anxiety increase the probability of defection, but at high levels, anxiety has a paralyzing effect, making voters less likely to abandon their preferred choice.
Working with Havel
Authors: Marowitz Charles 
Published: August 2014

In the spring of 2004, I was invited to Prague to direct Vaclav Havel's Temptation at the National Theatre in the Czech Republic. I had directed in a number of European cities but there was something of a frisson about going to Prague and working with the ex-president of the Czech Republic, whom I remembered most vividly as the Great Dissenter against Soviet rule in a city I had often visualized but never actually seen.On the day Vaclav Havel was scheduled to attend the first-act run-through of his play there was a palpable sense of hysteria in the air. The actors, all highly experienced members of a robust and respected permanent company that performed regularly before the upper echelons of Prague society, had never played in a scrappy rehearsal room for an internationally lauded political icon and ex-president of the Czech Republic surrounded by secret service men. Lines were muffed, moves went awry, cues forgotten, and a sense of a ‘Royal Command Performance’ hung in the air. After an hour or so, the torture was over and the actors sat circled around an appreciative, avuncular, and soft-spoken playwright, being gently massaged with compliments and diverted by anecdotes about his numerous incarcerations, the play's inception, and the thrill of being back in the midst of working actors after an absence of some twenty-five years.
Transforming a Department, Transforming a Discipline
Authors: Daniels Cynthia R. 
Published: August 2014

The Department of Political Science at Rutgers has a deep and sustained commitment to the principle of diversity. A diverse scholarly community is crucial to the development of cutting edge social science research, the recruitment and training of diverse graduate students, the quality of pedagogical experiences in our undergraduate classrooms and to the vibrancy and life of the University. (unanimously affirmed, May 2011)
In the fall of 2009, I became the first woman chair of the political science department at Rutgers University. I entered the position on the heels of a major gender discrimination case involving all of the women in the department, who claimed salary inequities and also put forward a series of informal complaints about hostile work environment. The case had taken two years to settle and, at its conclusion, the dean of the School of Arts and Sciences suggested that the department consider electing one of the women as chair. Needless to say, the challenges before the department were quite daunting.
Alarmin S100A8/S100A9 as a biomarker for molecular imaging of local inflammatory activity
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Eisenblätter Michel , Völler Tom , Zenker Stefanie , Hermann Sven , van Lent Peter , Faust Andreas , Geyer Christiane , Petersen Beatrix , Roebrock Kirsten , Schäfers Michael , Bremer Christoph , Roth Johannes 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. The early detection, localization and monitoring of inflammation are crucial for tailoring individual therapies. However, reliable biomarkers to detect local inflammatory activities and to predict disease outcome are still missing. Alarmins, which are locally released during cellular stress, are early amplifiers of inflammation. Here, using optical molecular imaging, we demonstrate that the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 serves as a sensitive local and systemic marker for the detection of even sub-clinical disease activity in inflammatory and immunological processes like irritative and allergic contact dermatitis. In a model of collagen-induced arthritis, we use S100A8/S100A9 imaging to predict the development of disease activity. Furthermore, S100A8/S100A9 can act as a very early and sensitive biomarker in experimental leishmaniasis for phagocyte activation linked to an effective Th1-response. In conclusion, the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 is a valuable and sensitive molecular target for novel imaging approaches to monitor clinically relevant inflammatory disorders on a molecular level.
A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part II. Measurement, Mechanisms, and Treatment
Authors: Pienkowski Martin , Tyler Richard S. , Roncancio Eveling Rojas , Jun Hyung Jin , Brozoski Tom , Dauman Nicolas , Coelho Claudia Barros , Andersson Gerhard , Keiner Andrew J. , Cacace Anthony T. , Martin Nora , Moore Brian C. J. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeHyperacusis can be extremely debilitating, and at present, there is no cure. In this detailed review of the field, we consolidate present knowledge in the hope of facilitating future research.MethodWe review and reference the literature on hyperacusis and related areas. This is the 2nd of a 2-part review.ResultsHyperacusis encompasses a wide range of reactions to sounds, which can be grouped into the categories of excessive loudness, annoyance, fear, and pain. Reasonable approaches to assessing the different forms of hyperacusis are emerging, including brain-imaging studies. Researchers are only beginning to understand the many mechanisms at play, and valid animal models are still evolving. There are many counseling and sound-therapy approaches that some patients find helpful, but well-controlled studies are needed to measure their long-term efficacy and to test new approaches.ConclusionsHyperacusis can make life difficult in this increasingly noisy world, forcing sufferers to dramatically alter their work and social habits. We believe this is an opportune time to explore approaches to better understand and treat hyperacusis.
Relationships Between Narrative Language Samples and Norm-Referenced Test Scores in Language Assessments of School-Age Children
Authors: Ebert Kerry Danahy , Scott Cheryl M. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
Both narrative language samples and norm-referenced language tests can be important components of language assessment for school-age children. The present study explored the relationship between these 2 tools within a group of children referred for language assessment.

Method
The study is a retrospective analysis of clinical records from 73 school-age children. Participants had completed an oral narrative language sample and at least one norm-referenced language test. Correlations between microstructural language sample measures and norm-referenced test scores were compared for younger (6- to 8-year-old) and older (9- to 12-year-old) children. Contingency tables were constructed to compare the 2 types of tools, at 2 different cutpoints, in terms of which children were identified as having a language disorder.

Results
Correlations between narrative language sample measures and norm-referenced tests were stronger for the younger group than the older group. Within the younger group, the level of language assessed by each measure contributed to associations among measures. Contingency analyses revealed moderate overlap in the children identified by each tool, with agreement affected by the cutpoint used.

Conclusions
Narrative language samples may complement norm-referenced tests well, but age combined with narrative task can be expected to influence the nature of the relationship.
K‐band CMOS frequency doubler with high fundamental rejection
Authors: Wang Sen , Chang Chun‐Tuan 
Published: August 2014

The design of a frequency doubler with current‐reuse and fundamental rejection topology is presented. The frequency doubler is fabricated by a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process with a chip size of 0.57 mm2. The DC power consumption is 13.9 mW. In addition, the measured conversion gain is between –4.4 and –5.24 dB from 10 to 12 GHz input frequency. With the proposed active notch filter in the cascode stage of the doubler, a superior fundamental rejection is obtained. The measured fundamental rejection is between 32.4 and 53.8 dB.
Ultra‐wideband bandpass filter using multi‐stub‐loaded ring resonator
Authors: Lin Lei , Yang Shuai , Sun Shou‐Jia , Wu Bian , Liang Chang‐Hong 
Published: August 2014

A compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) using a multi‐stub‐loaded ring resonator is presented. The resonant frequencies of the proposed resonator can be tuned freely by changing the lengths of the corresponding stubs. By utilising the proposed multimode resonator, four resonant frequencies are evenly allocated in the UWB range and two transmission zeros are introduced at the lower and upper stopbands. Parallel‐coupled feedlines with defected ground structures were utilised to provide sufficient external coupling. To validate the design theory, an UWB BPF operating in the frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz was designed, analysed and fabricated. Measurements showed good agreement with simulations.
Substrate‐integrated waveguide matching terminations with microwave absorbing material
Authors: Chen Haidong , Che Wenquan , Li Qian , Gu Chao , Wu Ke 
Published: August 2014

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) matching terminations or loads are proposed for low‐cost integration in SIW circuits and systems. The principles of narrowband and broadband SIW terminations are demonstrated and discussed. Both narrowband and broadband terminations are optimised, fabricated and measured over the frequency range of 6–15 GHz. Relative frequency bandwidths (|S11| < 20 dB) of the narrowband and broadband terminations are 7.6 and 42.6%, respectively. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results validates the feasibility of the proposed design strategies of SIW terminations.
Impedance compensated passive implantable atrial defibrillator
Authors: Walsh P.R. , Rodrigues P.A. , Velasquez J.J. , Waterman N. , Escalona O.J. 
Published: August 2014

An impedance compensated passive implantable atrial defibrillator is reported. The two‐part system consists of a handheld lithium‐ion powered base unit (external power transmitter) and a passive (battery free) implantable coil (power receiver), with integrated rectifilter and power control unit, electrocardiogram (ECG) and bioimpedance measurement circuits, data communications circuitry and atrial connection leads. The system is designed to operate in two distinct modes: cardiac sense mode (wake‐up, measure the impedance of the cardiac substrate and communicate data to the external base unit) and shock mode (delivery of an ECG synchronised impedance compensated monophasic very low tilt rectilinear shock waveform). A prototype was implemented and tested. In the sense mode, up to 5 W of sustained DC power was delivered across a 2.5 cm air–skin barrier with approximately 40% DC‐to‐DC power transfer efficiency at a transmission frequency of 185 kHz achieved, thereby providing 15.9 VDC (320 mA) to the implant side for measurement and communication at 433 MHz with the base unit. In the shock delivery mode, >186.9 W (rectilinear monophasic shock pulse: 100 V, 1.9 A, 12 ms duration) was repeatedly and reliably delivered transcutaneously to a 50 Ω cardiac load. Further testing in ten porcine models verified the in vivo operation, with inter‐catheter impedance variations of ±20.1% measured between successive defibrillation attempts.