bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially Harmful International Cooperation on Global Public Good Provision
Authors: Buchholz Wolfgang , Cornes Richard , Rübbelke Dirk 
Published: January 2014

Experience from climate policy suggests that full cooperation among all countries is not a likely outcome. In this paper we therefore consider the case where only members of a subgroup of countries cooperate by reciprocally matching their public good contributions. In a two‐stage game, matching rates are set at stage 1 then national contributions are chosen at stage 2. In the case of small coalitions, negative matching may result in the subgame‐perfect equilibrium that decreases global public good provision and outsiders' welfare. Moreover, a growing number of countries may paradoxically entail a reduction of equilibrium public good supply.
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth with major hard tissue loss – influence of post surface design on pull‐out bond strength of fiber‐reinforced composite posts
Authors: Koch Andreas Thomas Alfred , Binus Stefanie Martina , Holzschuh Barbara , Petschelt Anselm , Powers John M. , Berthold Christine 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the influence of post surface design and luting system on bond strength of quartz‐fiber‐reinforced composite posts (QFRCPs) luted to root canal dentin.Materials and methodsSingle‐rooted bovine teeth (n = 650) were randomly assigned (13 groups, n = 50), sectioned, endodontically treated, filled, and post space (length 8 mm) prepared. Custom‐made plain‐surfaced fiber posts (PSXRO) and (both RTD) macroretentive Macro‐Lock Post Illusion X‐RO (MLXRO) were inserted into the post spaces using six luting systems: Ketac Cem (KC), Fuji Plus (FP), RelyX Unicem, Multilink Primer_Multilink, Sealbond Ultima_CoreCem, and LuxaBond_LuxaCore Z. As control, a titanium post was cemented with KC. After water storage (24 h, 37°C), pull‐out test was performed, followed by failure mode assessment. Bond strength was calculated in MPa and analyzed using anova, Dunnett‐T3‐test, and Student's t‐test with Bonferroni correction.ResultsPost design and luting system significantly influenced the bond strength [MPa] (P < 0.05). Compared with the control 4.3 (1.5), all test groups exhibited higher bond strengths (P < 0.05), except for group PSXRO/KC 4.2 (1.0). The remaining bond strengths were PSXRO: FP 8.6 (1.5), RelyX Unicem 10.4 (3.4), Multilink Primer_Multilink 12.7 (3.0), SealBond Ultima_CoreCem 12.7 (3.0), LuxaBond_LuxaCore Z 15.7 (2.5), and MLXRO: KC 7.2 (2.2), FP 13.4 (2.5), RelyX Unicem 9.2 (2.9), Multilink Primer_Multilink 12.5 (4.5), SealBond Ultima_CoreCem 13.7 (4.6), LuxaBond_LuxaCore Z 20.6 (2.2). The bond strengths of MLXRO were higher than those of PSXRO when luted with KC, FP, and LuxaBond_LuxaCore Z (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe post surface design and luting system selection influenced the bond strength of conventionally and adhesively luted QFRCPs to bovine root canal dentin.
On Medawar's ‘Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells’
Authors: Tolar Jakub , Tolarova Simona , McGrath John A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe fields of dermatology and transplantation biology have recently come together in clinical trials of bone marrow transplantation for severe inherited blistering skin diseases. But the original link between these two disciplines goes back to an extraordinary publication in 1953 in Nature by Peter Medawar and colleagues that explored the immunological basis of successful skin transplantation between different strains of mice and how ‘foreign’ antigens could be perceived as ‘self’. This work led to the emergence of blood and bone marrow transplantation and thus transformed the practice of modern medicine.
TNF α‐induced leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions show marked interindividual differences independent of the clinical response to adalimumab
Authors: Lockmann Anike , Schön Michael P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe responses of patients with psoriasis to TNFα‐antagonists show interindividual differences. Here, TNFα‐incubation induced endothelial adhesion molecules, a prerequisite for leucocyte recruitment to inflamed tissues. Using a standardized flow chamber system equipped with near‐confluent endothelial cells and a mobile phase containing human leucocytes, proportions of leucocytes interacting with endothelial cells were remarkably different between individual donors (up to 3.5‐fold), regardless of whether the leucocytes originated from patients with psoriasis (n = 10) or healthy donors (n = 10). Adalimumab abrogated adhesion molecule induction and interactions with leucocytes when present prior to or simultaneously with, but not after exposure of the cultures to TNFα. This pattern was seen similarly with leucocytes from healthy donors (n = 4), and patients whose psoriasis responded well to adalimumab (n = 5) and non‐responders (n = 5). Thus, although considerable interindividual differences of leucocyte–endothelial cell interactions were demonstrated ex vivo in a TNFα‐governed microenvironment, such differences are not associated with individual responses to treatment with adalimumab in vivo.
Sustainable Yield in Theory and Practice: Bridging Scientific and Mainstream Vernacular
Authors: Rudestam Kirsten , Langridge Ruth 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGroundwater is a vital resource in California, and the concept of “sustainable yield” is an attempt to determine a metric that can ensure the long‐term resilience of groundwater systems. However, its meaning is ambiguous and quantification is challenging. To provide insight into developing a working definition that encompasses the inherent uncertainty and complexity of the term, this paper examines how sustainable yield in groundwater is interpreted by (1) scientists, (2) the courts in groundwater adjudications, (3) state agencies, and (4) local water practitioners. Through qualitative interviews, this paper identifies problems that local water agencies in the state encounter in engaging with sustainable yield as they incorporate the term in groundwater management practices. The authors recommend that any definitions make explicit the human dimensions of, and assumptions embedded in, the use of these terms in groundwater management practices, and they point to the value of participation in this process.
Effect of vacuum cooking treatment on physicochemical and structural characteristics of purple‐flesh potato
Authors: Iborra‐Bernad Consuelo , García‐Segovia Purificación , Martínez‐Monzó Javier 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCook‐vide (CV, vacuum boiling) and sous‐vide (SV, cooking in a vacuum‐sealed pouch) have been applied to cook purple‐flesh potatoes. Response surface methodology (RSM) sets up the work conditions of temperatures (78–92 °C) and times (16–44 min). Textural parameters, colour and anthocyanins have been measured in cooked samples, and microstructure of cooked tissues was observed with cryo‐SEM technique. CV and SV provided similar hardness (P > 0.05), while SV treatments provided samples more adhesive and cohesive than CV ones (P ≤ 0.05). Micrographs of cooked samples showed rounder cells in cook‐vide samples and higher swelling than in sous‐vide ones. SV treatment avoided the leaching into the water of anthocyanins (chromophore) retaining more of them in potatoes (P ≤ 0.05), as a consequence of which total colour difference was lower in SV samples compared with CV ones (P ≤ 0.05). Particularly, CV samples were lighter (higher values of L*) and less reddish (lower values of +a*) than SV ones (P ≤ 0.05).
The Experiences of Intimate Relationships by People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rushbrooke Elizabeth , Murray Craig , Townsend Samantha 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities face attitudinal and service barriers when attempting to form intimate relationships. To date, their experiences and views are under‐represented in the existing evidence base.MethodThe aim of this study was to carry out an interpretative phenomenological analysis exploring the experience of intimate relationships for nine adults with intellectual disabilities.ResultsFour main themes were identified: desiring relationships; expressing sexuality; having relationships; and who has control? Together these themes demonstrated that intimate relationships were desired and important to all participants, fulfilling a variety of their needs. In addition, participants faced a number of challenges related to intimate relationships.ConclusionThe findings raise questions about how best to support people with intellectual disabilities with sexuality and intimate relationships. Implications for caregivers and services are discussed.
Detection and characterization of viruses of the genus Megalocytivirus in ornamental fish imported into an Australian border quarantine premises: an emerging risk to national biosecurity
Authors: Nolan D , Stephens F , Crockford M , Jones J B , Snow M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis report documents an emerging trend of identification of Megalocytivirus‐like inclusions in a range of ornamental fish species intercepted during quarantine detention at the Australian border. From September 2012 to February 2013, 5 species of fish that had suffered mortality levels in excess of 25% whilst in the post‐entry quarantine and had Megalocytivirus‐like inclusion bodies in histological sections were examined by PCR. The fish had been imported from Singapore, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Ninety‐seven of 111 individual fish from affected tanks of fish tested were positive for the presence of Megalocytivirus by PCR. Sequence analysis of representative PCR products revealed an identical sequence of 621 bp in all cases which was identical to a previously characterized Megalocytivirus (Sabah/RAA1/2012 strain BMGIV48). Phylogenetic analysis of available Megalocytivirus major capsid protein (MCP) sequences confirmed the existence of 3 major clades of Megalocytivirus. The virus detected in this study was identified as a member of Genotype II. The broad host range and pathogenicity of megalocytiviruses, coupled to the documented spread of ornamental fish into the environment, render this a significant and emerging biosecurity threat to Australia.
Development and Validation of a National Data Registry for Midwife‐Led Births: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project 2.0 Dataset
Authors: Cheyney Melissa , Bovbjerg Marit , Everson Courtney , Gordon Wendy , Hannibal Darcy , Vedam Saraswathi 
Published: January 2014

IntroductionIn 2004, the Midwives Alliance of North America's (MANA's) Division of Research developed a Web‐based data collection system to gather information on the practices and outcomes associated with midwife‐led births in the United States. This system, called the MANA Statistics Project (MANA Stats), grew out of a widely acknowledged need for more reliable data on outcomes by intended place of birth. This article describes the history and development of the MANA Stats birth registry and provides an analysis of the 2.0 dataset's content, strengths, and limitations.MethodsData collection and review procedures for the MANA Stats 2.0 dataset are described, along with methods for the assessment of data accuracy. We calculated descriptive statistics for client demographics and contributing midwife credentials, and assessed the quality of data by calculating point estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and kappa statistics for key outcomes on pre‐ and postreview samples of records.ResultsThe MANA Stats 2.0 dataset (2004‐2009) contains 24,848 courses of care, 20,893 of which are for women who planned a home or birth center birth at the onset of labor. The majority of these records were planned home births (81%). Births were attended primarily by certified professional midwives (73%), and clients were largely white (92%), married (87%), and college‐educated (49%). Data quality analyses of 9932 records revealed no differences between pre‐ and postreviewed samples for 7 key benchmarking variables (kappa, 0.98‐1.00).DiscussionThe MANA Stats 2.0 data were accurately entered by participants; any errors in this dataset are likely random and not systematic. The primary limitation of the 2.0 dataset is that the sample was captured through voluntary participation; thus, it may not accurately reflect population‐based outcomes. The dataset's primary strength is that it will allow for the examination of research questions on normal physiologic birth and midwife‐led birth outcomes by intended place of birth.
Outcomes of Care for 16,924 Planned Home Births in the United States: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project, 2004 to 2009
Authors: Cheyney Melissa , Bovbjerg Marit , Everson Courtney , Gordon Wendy , Hannibal Darcy , Vedam Saraswathi 
Published: January 2014

IntroductionBetween 2004 and 2010, the number of home births in the United States rose by 41%, increasing the need for accurate assessment of the safety of planned home birth. This study examines outcomes of planned home births in the United States between 2004 and 2009.MethodsWe calculated descriptive statistics for maternal demographics, antenatal risk profiles, procedures, and outcomes of planned home births in the Midwives Alliance of North American Statistics Project (MANA Stats) 2.0 data registry. Data were analyzed according to intended and actual place of birth.ResultsAmong 16,924 women who planned home births at the onset of labor, 89.1% gave birth at home. The majority of intrapartum transfers were for failure to progress, and only 4.5% of the total sample required oxytocin augmentation and/or epidural analgesia. The rates of spontaneous vaginal birth, assisted vaginal birth, and cesarean were 93.6%, 1.2%, and 5.2%, respectively. Of the 1054 women who attempted a vaginal birth after cesarean, 87% were successful. Low Apgar scores (< 7) occurred in 1.5% of newborns. Postpartum maternal (1.5%) and neonatal (0.9%) transfers were infrequent. The majority (86%) of newborns were exclusively breastfeeding at 6 weeks of age. Excluding lethal anomalies, the intrapartum, early neonatal, and late neonatal mortality rates were 1.30, 0.41, and 0.35 per 1000, respectively.DiscussionFor this large cohort of women who planned midwife‐led home births in the United States, outcomes are congruent with the best available data from population‐based, observational studies that evaluated outcomes by intended place of birth and perinatal risk factors. Low‐risk women in this cohort experienced high rates of physiologic birth and low rates of intervention without an increase in adverse outcomes.
Analgesics in postoperative care in hip fracture patients with dementia – reported by nurses
Authors: Rantala Maija , Hartikainen Sirpa , Kvist Tarja , Kankkunen Päivi 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo describe the analgesic use in hip fracture patients with dementia during the first two postoperative days as reported by nurses.BackgroundNurses play a pivotal role in treating postoperative pain in patients with dementia and monitoring the effects of administered analgesics.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive questionnaire study in seven university hospitals and 10 central hospitals in Finland.MethodsThe study was conducted from March until May in 2011 in Finland. For this analysis, the focus was on the sample of nurses (n = 269) who were working in orthopaedic units. Analgesics were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. Nonparametric tests were applied to find out the significant differences between analgesic use and different hospitals.ResultsParacetamol and strong opioids administered orally or parenterally seemed to be the most typical of postoperatively used types of analgesics in patients with dementia. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory analgesics and weak opioids were also commonly reported to be in use. There were no statistically significant differences between hospitals in typical daily doses. The majority of the nurses reported that the primary aim of postoperative pain management in hip fracture patients with dementia was ‘slight pain, which does not prevent normal functioning' (72%).ConclusionThe pharmacological postoperative pain treatment in acute care was commonly based on the use of strong opioids and paracetamol in hip fracture patients with dementia. The reported use of transdermal opioids and codeine combination warrants further examination. Further studies are also needed to find out whether the pain is appropriately and adequately treated.Relevance to clinical practiceTransdermal opioids and codeine combination may not be relevant analgesics for acute pain management in older adults. It is important to create a balance between sufficient pain relief and adverse effects of analgesics to allow early mobilisation and functional recovery.
The fulfilment of knowledge expectations during the perioperative period of patients undergoing knee arthroplasty – a Nordic perspective
Authors: Ingadottir Brynja , Johansson Stark Åsa , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Sigurdardottir Arun K. , Valkeapää Kirsi , Unosson Mitra 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo describe the possible differences between knowledge expectations and received knowledge of patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty in Iceland, Sweden and Finland and also to determine the relationship between such a difference and both background factors and patient satisfaction with care.BackgroundKnee arthroplasty is a fast‐growing and a successful treatment for patients with osteoarthritis. Patient education can improve surgery outcomes, but it remains unknown what knowledge patients expect to receive and actually acquire during the perioperative period and what factors are related to that experience.DesignDescriptive, prospective survey.MethodsIn total, 290 patients answered questionnaires about their expectations (Knowledge Expectations of hospital patients ‐ scale) before surgery and about received knowledge (Received Knowledge of hospital patients ‐ scale) and satisfaction with hospital care (Patient Satisfaction Scale) at discharge. Sociodemographics, clinical information, accessibility to knowledge from healthcare providers (Access to Knowledge Scale), and preferences for information and behavioural control (Krantz Health Opinion Survey) were collected as background data.ResultsPatients' knowledge expectations were higher (mean 3·6,SD0·4) than their perception of received knowledge (mean 3·0,SD0·7). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that access to knowledge, information preferences and work experience within health‐ or social care explained 33% (R²) of the variation in the difference between received and expected knowledge. Patients reported high satisfaction with their care except regarding how their family was involved.ConclusionPatients undergoing knee arthroplasty receive less knowledge than they expect, and individual factors and communication with healthcare providers during hospitalisation are related to their experience. The content of patient education and family involvement should be considered in future care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results strengthen the knowledge base on the educational needs of knee arthroplasty patients and can be used to develop and test new interventions.
The impact of virtual admission on self‐efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Emme Christina , Mortensen Erik L , Rydahl‐Hansen Susan , Østergaard Birte , Svarre Jakobsen Anna , Schou Lone , Phanareth Klaus 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo investigate how virtual admission during acute exacerbation influences self‐efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with conventional hospital admission.BackgroundTelemedicine solutions have been highlighted as a possible way to increase self‐efficacy in patients with chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, little is known about how telemedicine‐based virtual admission as a replacement of hospital admission during acute exacerbation affects chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' self‐efficacy.DesignThis study was a nonblinded, randomised clinical multicentre trial. The study was a substudy to The Virtual Hospital, investigating the feasibility and safety of telemedicine‐based treatment at home for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.MethodsParticipants were consecutively randomised to virtual admission or conventional hospital admission. Data from 50 patients were analysed. Self‐efficacy was assessed at baseline, three days after discharge, and also six weeks and three months after discharge, using the Danish version of ‘The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐efficacy scale'.ResultsIntergroup comparison showed no significant differences between the two groups at baseline, three days after discharge, six weeks after discharge or three months after discharge. Furthermore, intragroup comparison did not reveal significant differences in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐efficacy scale mean sum score within the two groups.ConclusionsThe results of the study suggest that there is no difference between self‐efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients undergoing virtual admission, compared with conventional hospital admission. However, the anticipated sample size could not be reached, which prompts caution regarding interpretation of the findings.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides new insight into how virtual admission affects chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' self‐efficacy. Clinicians should consider the timing, duration and the content in the design of telemedical interventions directed at improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' self‐efficacy, as telemedicine solutions alone may not be sufficient to enhance self‐efficacy.
Coping strategies among patients with newly diagnosed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Jakobsson Larsson Birgitta , Nordin Karin , Askmark Håkan , Nygren Ingela 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo prospectively identify different coping strategies among newly diagnosed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and whether they change over time and to determine whether physical function, psychological well‐being, age and gender correlated with the use of different coping strategies.BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal disease with impact on both physical function and psychological well‐being. Different coping strategies are used to manage symptoms and disease progression, but knowledge about coping in newly diagnosed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients is scarce.DesignThis was a prospective study with a longitudinal and descriptive design.MethodsA total of 33 patients were included and evaluation was made at two time points, one to three months and six months after diagnosis. Patients were asked to complete the Motor Neuron Disease Coping Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Physical function was estimated using the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale.ResultsThe most commonly used strategies were support and independence. Avoidance/venting and information seeking were seldom used at both time points. The use of information seeking decreased between the two time points. Men did not differ from women, but patients ≤64 years used positive action more often than older patients. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale was positively correlated with positive action at time point 1, but not at time point 2. Patients' psychological well‐being was correlated with the use of different coping strategies.ConclusionsSupport and independence were the most used coping strategies, and the use of different strategies changed over time. Psychological well‐being was correlated with different coping strategies in newly diagnosed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThe knowledge about coping strategies in early stage of the disease may help the nurses to improve and develop the care and support for these patients.