bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel osteochondrosis— Associated genes
Authors: Mirams Michiko , Ayodele Babatunde A. , Tatarczuch Liliana , Henson Frances M. , Pagel Charles N. , Mackie Eleanor J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDuring the early stages of articular osteochondrosis, cartilage is retained in subchondral bone, but the pathophysiology of this condition of growing humans and domestic animals is poorly understood. A subtractive hybridization study was undertaken to compare gene expression between the cartilage of early experimentally induced equine osteochondrosis lesions and control cartilage. Of the many putative differentially expressed genes identified, eight were confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis as differentially expressed, in addition to those already known to be associated with early lesions. Genes encoding vacuolar H+‐ATPase V0subunit d2(ATP6V0D2), cathepsin K, integrin‐binding sialoprotein, integrin αV, low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 4, lumican, osteopontin, and thymosin β4 (TMSB4) were expressed at higher levels in lesions than in control cartilage. These genes included 34 genes not previously identified in cartilage. Some genes identified as associated with early lesions are known chondrocyte hypertrophy‐associated genes, and in transmission electron microscopy studies normal hypertrophic chondrocytes were observed in lesions. Differential expression of ATP6V0D2 and TMSB4 in the cartilage of early naturally occurring osteochondrosis lesions was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. These results identify novel osteochondrosis‐associated genes and provide evidence that articular osteochondrosis does not necessarily result from failure of chondrocytes to undergo hypertrophy. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:404–411, 2016.
Forms and solubility of plant nutrient elements in tropical plant waste biochars
Authors: Prakongkep Nattaporn , Gilkes Robert John , Wiriyakitnateekul Wanpen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThailand is an agriculture‐based country which produces large amounts of agricultural waste. Making biochar from this waste can reduce pollution, decrease costs of production, and increase C sequestration. The agronomic benefits of biochar are partly derived from the available plant nutrients in biochar. This study investigated the fertilizer value of biochars manufactured by slow pyrolysis. Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type affect nutrient concentrations and nutrient element speciation in biochar. The physio‐chemical, mineralogical and structural properties of biochars made from 14 agriculture wastes (soybean cake, corncob, lemon peel, sugar palm fibre, durian shell, tamarind wood, coconut fibre, coconut shell, bamboo wood, rice husk, eucalyptus wood, oil palm fruit, coffee waste, and bagasse) were investigated. The plant nutrients in biochar mostly occurred in crystalline minerals which were present on the surface and inside the cell structure of biochar. Most biochars examined in this research contained calcite (CaCO3). The presence in biochars of several K‐minerals [archerite (KH2PO4), chlorocalcite (KCaCl3), kalicinite (KHCO3), pyrocoproite (K2MgP2O7), struvite‐K (KMgPO4 · 6 H2O), and sylvite (KCl)] encourages the use of biochar as a K‐fertilizer. Fibre, fruit and wood biochars contained considerable amounts of K, Ca, and P. Sugar palm and coconut fibres also contained high level of Na in halite. This study recommends the utilization of biochars manufactured from sugar palm fibre, coconut fibre, durian shell, and oil palm fruit as fertilizers. With their appreciable contents of plant nutrients in highly to moderately soluble compounds these biochars should be effective fertilizers, especially for use by organic farmers who cannot use any chemical fertilizers.
Viewpoint image generation for head tracking 3D display using multi‐camera and approximate depth information
Authors: Date Munekazu , Takada Hideaki , Kojima Akira 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA simple and high image quality method for viewpoint image synthesis from multi‐camera images for a stereoscopic 3D display using head tracking is proposed. In this method, slices of images for depth layers are made using approximate depth information, the slices are linearly blended corresponding to the distance between the viewpoint and cameras at each layer, and the layers are overlaid from the perspective of viewpoint. Because the linear blending automatically compensates for depth error because of the visual effects of depth‐fused 3D (DFD), the resulting image is natural to observer's perception. Smooth motion parallax of wide depth range objects induced by viewpoint movement for left‐and‐right and front‐and‐back directions is achieved using multi‐camera images and approximate depth information. Because the calculation algorithm is very simple, it is suitable for real time 3D display applications.
Projection displays: New technologies, challenges, and applications
Authors: Candry Patrick , Maximus Bart 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe achievable color gamut and light output of projection displays based on light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), phosphor conversion, and lasers are discussed. The color appearance phenomena, colorfulness, and the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect are discussed in the context of LED and laser illumination of projection displays, as well as some pitfalls concerning the interpretation of the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect. Also the laser speckle phenomenon and the characterization of it are addressed. The importance of both the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) contrast and the sequential contrast of projectors, as well as the discrepancy between measured and perceived contrasts, are explained. Visibility criteria for contouring artifacts are explained and compared with new emerging electro‐optical transfer functions that are more adapted to this issue. Stereoscopic solutions and early prototypes of autostereoscopic multi‐view, super multi‐view projection displays, and electro‐holographic displays are discussed as well as the limiting factors of these systems in the context of display resolution, and LED and laser light sources.
Hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal smart glass with asymmetrical daylight controls
Authors: Yamaguchi Rumiko , Takasu Tomoya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe have proposed a hybrid alignment nematic liquid crystal cell using a polymer‐stabilized technology. The cell shows a reverse mode scattering property and is transparent at any viewing angle in the off‐state. The cell turns to opaque in the on‐state and has an asymmetrical scattering property at incident angles. Applying the cell to a smart glass, the cell can selectively scatter a midday sunlight with a function of window blinds. In a polymerization process, an ultraviolet (UV) penetration depth is carefully considered, which results in a change of polymer morphology. The UV irradiation from a homogeneous alignment substrate side causes a polymer‐rich layer near the substrate and the stronger scattering in the on‐state.
Effect on electrical performance of titanium co‐sputtered IZO active‐channel thin‐film transistor
Authors: Park Chanhee , Lim Yooseong , Ha Seungsoo , Im Yongjin , Jang Minhyung , Choi Seung‐il , Park Ji‐in , Yi Moonsuk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe investigated the electrical performance of Ti–IZO active‐channel layer thin‐film transistors (TFTs) using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron co‐sputtering system to co‐sputter IZO and Ti targets. The samples were fabricated by changing the RF gun power of the IZO. The other parameters such as the RF gun power of the Ti target, oxygen partial pressure [O2/(Ar + O2)], and initial and process pressure of the chamber were unchanged. Unlike the sample sputtered only with IZO, the thin films of the Ti–IZO samples could control the oxygen vacancy because Ti reacts with the oxygen in the IZO. Therefore, Ti–IZO thin films can suppress the carrier concentration and thus have an effect on the electrical performance of TFTs.
Characteristics of a‐IZO TFTs with high‐κ HfSiOx gate insulator annealed in various conditions
Authors: Lim Yoo Seong , Im Yong Jin , Ha Seung Soo , Park Chan Hee , Jang Min Hyung , Choi Seung‐il , Park Ji‐in , Yi Moonsuk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the enhanced performance of amorphous indium zinc oxides‐based thin film transistors with hafnium silicate (HfSiOx) gate insulators. HfSiOx gate insulators annealed at various conditions are deposited by cosputtering of hafnium oxide and Si. The structural properties of HfSiOx are investigated using the atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). techniques. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of HfSiOx are analyzed to investigate the effect of annealing conditions. We obtain optimal results for thin film transistors with HfSiOx gate insulators annealed for 1 h at 100 °C, with a saturation mobility of 1.2 cm2/V · s, threshold voltage of 2.2 V, on current/off current ratio of 2.0 × 106, and an insulator surface roughness of 0.187 nm root mean square.
Low Bandgap Semiconducting Copolymer Nanoparticles by Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Polymerization in Alcoholic Dispersed Media
Authors: Parrenin Laurie , Brochon Cyril , Hadziioannou Georges , Cloutet Eric 
Published: August 2015

The synthesis and formulation of organic semiconductors for the emerging technology of organic electronics requires the use of preparative methods and solvents being environment friendly. Today most of the active layer materials for the organic photovoltaic devices and modules are using chlorinated solvents, which are toxic and hazardous. In this work, the synthesis of poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4,7‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT) in propan‐1‐ol is presented as the dispersant continuous phase in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) used as stabilizer. Suzuki–Miyaura polycondensation of 9‐(9‐heptadecanyl)‐9H‐carbazole‐2,7‐diboronic acid bis(pinacol) ester and 4,7‐bis(2‐bromo‐5‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole in alcohol dispersion yields colloidally stable nanoparticles of PCDTBT with particles size of 330–1300 nm, depending on the stabilizer concentration. Other reaction parameters are also discussed such as the amount of base or Pd catalyst.
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Therapeutic advances in tremor
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Deuschl Günther 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough tremor is a highly prevalent movement disorder, progress in this field is limited because of the poor understanding of many of the underlying conditions. This review summarizes recent treatment attempts since 2013. For essential tremor, recent innovations are phase I or II studies of Octanol, several clinically relevant refinements for deep brain stimulation, and the development of the new magnetic resonance imaging guided focused ultrasound technique. Further new invasive and noninvasive electrical and magnetic stimulation techniques have been tested for essential tremor and parkinsonian tremor. For multiple sclerosis tremor, some open‐label observations have shown positive results (natalizumab, dalfampridine, levetiracetam), whereas controlled trials using cannabinoids have been negative. Functional tremor has shown a positive response to retrainment. Neuroprosthetic devices have been tested in a variety of tremor conditions. Several promising medical and surgical treatment trials are underway and will be completed shortly. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effectiveness of β‐thalassemia prenatal diagnosis in Southern Iran: a cohort study
Authors: Moghadam Mohamad , Karimi Mehran , Dehghani Seyed Javad , Dehbozorgian Javad , Montazeri Somaye , Javanmardi Elham , Asadzade Rahimeh , Amiri Azizollah , Saghatoleslam Zahra , Sotodegan Fatemosadat , Morshedi Nazila , Imanifard Jaber , Afrasiabi Abdolreza 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis (PND) for the prevention of thalassemia in Southern Iran.MethodsFrom 2004 to 2012 1346 couples with β‐thalassemia minor were referred to our center. Mutation analyses utilized different methods including polymerase chain reaction‐based technique of amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of PCR‐Amplified Fragments (PCR‐RFLP) and Gel Electrophoresis and direct sequencing. Haplotype analysis of the β‐globin gene cluster was done routinely using the PCR‐RFLP technique.ResultsOf the 1346 couples, 884 (66%) requested PND. They had a total of 985 pregnancies (954 singleton and 31 twin pregnancies): the 1016 fetuses underwent chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Thalassemia major was diagnosed in 266 cases (26.2%), and termination of pregnancy was requested by the parents in 264 of them (99%). Thalassemia trait was detected in 499 (49.1%) and 251 cases (24.7%) showed no β‐thalassemia mutations. There were three misdiagnoses (0.4%) (affected children diagnosed as carriers at PND). A unique pattern of thalassemia mutations was present in the study population, with IVS II‐I (G→A), C36–37(−T), IVS I‐5(G>C), −25bpdel (252–276), IVS I‐110(G>A) and C44 (−C) being present in 62% of cases.ConclusionThe pattern of distribution of thalassemia mutations differs among ethnic groups within the same country © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal stimuli‐responsive behavior of pyrene end‐functionalized PDMS through tunable Π–Π interactions
Authors: Ha Heonjoo , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Fei Yunping , Ellison Christopher J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPyrene end‐functionalized, telechelic poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) materials were synthesized and their response to different thermal stimuli was evaluated. The incorporation of pyrene end groups introduces strong π–π interactions that facilitated a broad range of thermally responsive properties, in some circumstances forming pyrene nanocrystals that serve as physical crosslinks leading to elastic materials. By synthesizing different chain lengths, samples exhibiting a 7 orders of magnitude change in storage modulus in response to thermal stimuli were produced by modifying only the end‐groups (0.6 wt % of all polymer segments). Repeated thermal cycling during rheological experiments revealed that π–π interaction and crystallization/melting kinetics of pyrene chain‐ends plays a key role in their thermal responsiveness. The properties of these materials were tuned by adding free pyrene, neat PDMS, or graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, making them attractive for many applications (e.g., tunable damping materials, heat/light sensors, conductive gels, or light repositionable adhesives). For example, nanocomposites containing 1 wt % GO caused the melting temperature for pyrene crystal domains to more than double, and even induced pyrene end‐group crystallization in samples that did not exhibit crystals in neat form. It is hypothesized that these features originate from π–π interactions between pyrene ends and GO surfaces. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 159–168
Extended Defects in Semiconductors
Authors: Seibt Michael , Kittler Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis proceedings volume of physica status solidi contains papers presented at the 17th International Conference on Extended Defects in Semiconductors (EDS 2014). They have been selected during a peer‐review process.The conference was organized by the Georg‐August‐University Göttingen and was held at the Physics Faculty as part of the university's North Campus in Göttingen from September 14 to 19, 2014. The biennial conference series on Extended Defects in Semiconductors started with a meeting in Hünfeld, Germany, in 1978. Subsequent meetings took place in France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia and the preceding EDS 2012 in Thessaloniki (Greece).EDS 2014 was a conference following the tradition of previous conferences of this series, i.e. it brought together experts in fundamental and applied research on structural defects in current and future semiconducting material systems, their nanostructures and devices. For the first time, carbon‐related materials had been included. It provided a forum for excellent presentations and lively discussions in a stimulating scientific atmosphere.Topics of the conference included– Thin films and heterostructures– Low‐dimensional systems and related defects: semiconductor nanocrystals, quantum wells, quantum dots, nanowires– Extended defects in C‐related materials (incl. graphen)– Interface structures and defect interaction– Doping‐, irradiation‐, and implantation‐induced defects– Electronic structure of defects– Defect engineering, strain engineering– Mechanical properties and dislocation dynamics– Role of defects in optoelectronic and magnetic properties– Degradation mechanisms in semiconductor devices– Atomistic and multiscale simulations, modeling approaches of defects, interfaces and nanostructures– Advanced characterisation techniques and methods for the investigation of semiconductor materials, in‐situ imaging and analysis– Interaction of point and extended defects, point defect agglomeration– Materials for solar energy conversion and energy storage.The organizers want to express their gratitude to all members of the EDS Scientific Committee as well as to the members of the EDS 2014 Program Committee and all referees for their invaluable work. Support by the Georg‐August‐University and the CRC1073 is also gratefully acknowledged.Last but not least, we thank all participants of EDS 2014 whose excellent contributions built the base for a fruitful and stimulating conference. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Under‐sampling spectrum‐sparse signals based on active aliasing for low probability detection
Authors: Li Lintao , An Jianping , Wang Zhongyong , Li Xiangming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBecause of the broadcast nature of the wireless communication medium, their security issues are receiving extensive concern. In this paper, we propose a spectrum‐sparse signal based on multi‐carrier modulation for secure wireless communication. The proposed signal is a summation of multiple sub‐band signals over several equally spaced carriers. The power spectrum density of the proposed signal can be reduced to a level even lower than the background noise, provided the number of sub‐bands is sufficiently large. Thus, the proposed signal possesses a favorable low probability detection property similar to that of spread spectrum signals. At the intended receiver, an under‐sampling method based on active aliasing is proposed. In this way, the intended receiver can coherently collect the transmitted signal power over all sub‐bands and extract the information reliably. We also derive a closed‐form expression for bit error rate performance of the proposed scheme in additive white Gaussian channel with binary phase shift keying modulation. Finally, numerical and simulation results to testify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme are generated for both binary phase shift keying and eight‐phase shift keying modulations in additive white Gaussian channel. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security and efficiency analysis of the Hamming distance computation protocol based on oblivious transfer
Authors: Kiraz Mehmet Sabir , Genc Ziya Alper , Kardas Suleyman 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBringer et al. proposed two cryptographic protocols for the computation of Hamming distance. Their first scheme uses oblivious transfer and provides security in the semi‐honest model. The other scheme uses committed oblivious transfer and is claimed to provide full security in the malicious case. The proposed protocols have direct implications to biometric authentication schemes between a prover and a verifier where the verifier has biometric data of the users in plain form.In this paper, we show that their protocol is not actually fully secure against malicious adversaries. More precisely, our attack breaks the soundness property of their protocol where a malicious user can compute a Hamming distance, which is different from the actual value. For biometric authentication systems, this attack allows a malicious adversary to pass the authentication without knowledge of the honest user's input with at most O(n) complexity instead of O(2n), where n is the input length. We propose an enhanced version of their protocol where this attack is eliminated. The security of our modified protocol is proven using the simulation‐based paradigm. Furthermore, as for efficiency concerns, the modified protocol utilizes verifiable oblivious transfer, which does not require the commitments to outputs, which improves its efficiency significantly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Significance of Sentinel Node Positivity in Patients with Superficial Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroya , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Nakamura Rieko , Fukuda Kazumasa , Takahashi Tsunehiro , Wada Norihito , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground
Sentinel node (SN) mapping in esophageal cancer has been reported to be technically feasible with an acceptable detection rate and accuracy. However, the clinical significance and survival analysis findings associated with the metastatic status of SNs in patients with early‐stage esophageal cancer have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance and survival impact of SN mapping in early‐stage esophageal cancer.MethodsAmong patients who were diagnosed preoperatively with clinical T1N0M0 or T2N0M0 esophageal cancer and who underwent SN mapping, 70 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with pathological T1 primary thoracic esophageal cancer were enrolled in this study. Sixty‐four (91 %) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma while 5 (7 %) patients were with adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic injection of technetium‐99m tin colloid was performed before surgery, and radioactive SNs were identified by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probing. Standard esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed in all patients, and all resected nodes were evaluated by routine pathological examination.ResultsSNs were successfully detected in 65 (92.9 %) of 70 patients with pT1 esophageal cancer. The sensitivity to predict lymph node metastasis was 91.7 %, and the diagnostic accuracy based on SN status was 96.9 %. Although there was a wide distribution of SNs from cervical to abdominal areas, 84.5 % of the patients had no lymph node metastasis or had lymph node metastasis only in SN. The disease‐specific survival of the patients with metastatic non‐SNs was significantly worse relative to that of the patients with no lymph node metastasis or lymph node metastasis only in SN.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that radio‐guided SN mapping is useful not only as an accurate diagnostic tool for detecting lymph node metastasis but also as a tool for prognostic stratification in patients with cN0 early esophageal cancer.