bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kwakwaka’wakw “Clam Gardens”
Authors: Deur Douglas , Dick Adam , Recalma-Clutesi Kim , Turner Nancy J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America actively managed natural resources in diverse ways to enhance their productivity and proximity. Among those practices that have escaped the attention of anthropologists until recently is the traditional management of intertidal clam beds, which Northwest Coast peoples have enhanced through techniques such as selective harvests, the removal of shells and other debris, and the mechanical aeration of the soil matrix. In some cases, harvesters also removed stones or even created stone revetments that served to laterally expand sediments suitable for clam production into previously unusable portions of the tidal zone. This article presents the only account of these activities, their motivations, and their outcomes, based on the first-hand knowledge of a traditional practitioner, Kwakwaka’wakw Clan Chief Kwaxistalla Adam Dick, trained in these techniques by elders raised in the nineteenth century when clam “gardening” was still widely practiced.
Granular cell tumor of rectal submucosa: case report
Authors: Ribeiro Suheyla Pollyana Pereira , Levy Stephanie Fonseca , Corrêa Flávia Motta , de Araujo e Sousa Aryanna Musme , da Costa Silveira Felipe , Carvalho Marcos Rodrigo , Bin Fang Chia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis is a case report of granular cell tumor of rectal submucosa in a female, 35-years-old patient complaining of hematochezia. We describe the histological and immunohistochemical features of the lesion responsible by this clinical find. Following that, we present a discussion of the case based on the literature review, which allowed to proving the infrequency of the tumor in the rectal area and confirms the benign nature of the tumor in this case.
The impact of service design and process management on clinical quality: An exploration of synergetic effects⋆
Authors: Ding Xin (David) 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhile service design and process management have received research attention in the past, there is limited empirical work examining both factors in the hospital setting. Through operationalizing focus as a service design approach and quality improvement (QI) initiatives as process management efforts, we hypothesize that focus and QI initiatives affect clinical quality both individually and collectively. Utilizing heart attack procedures as the study context, we examine a set of hypotheses based on a panel dataset consisted of 201 hospitals from 2005 to 2011 in the state of Florida. After accounting for potential lag effects and endogeneity biases, we find empirical support to the proposed hypotheses.
Histone acetyltransferase PCAF accelerates apoptosis by repressing a GLI1/BCL2/BAX axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gai X , Tu K , Li C , Lu Z , Roberts L R , Zheng X 
Published: April 2015

AbstractP300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), has been found to regulate numerous cell signaling pathways controlling cell fate by acetylating both histone and non-histone proteins. We previously reported that PCAF upregulates cell apoptosis by inactivating Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 (AKT1) signaling and consequently inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth. Here, we show that PCAF can directly acetylate cytoplasmic GLI1 protein at lysine 518, preventing its nuclear translocation and promoter occupancy, and consequently suppressing Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in HCC. Further, our results show that GLI1 can increase Bcl-2 expression and downregulate BAX. Interestingly, forced expression of PCAF reduced Bcl-2 expression, upregulated BAX and repressed cell apoptosis. Further, we provide evidence that knockdown of GLI1 abrogates the inhibitory effect of PCAF on the growth of HCC in vitro. PCAF was also found to sensitize HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment by regulating GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis-dependent apoptosis. In vivo experiments also confirmed the regulatory effect of PCAF on the GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis and its synergistic antitumor effects with 5-FU. Gene expression microarray studies showed that PCAF was downregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent liver tissues and that PCAF expression was significantly associated with longer overall survival and recurrence-free survival after surgery. Together, these results show that PCAF can induce cell apoptosis by modulating a GLI1/Bcl-2/BAX axis that in turn suppresses HCC progression, and suggest that 5-FU may exert a stronger anti-tumor effect in patients with PCAF expression in HCC tumors.
The canonical Wg signaling modulates Bsk-mediated cell death in Drosophila
Authors: Zhang S , Chen C , Wu C , Yang Y , Li W , Xue L 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCell death is an essential regulatory mechanism for removing unneeded cells in animal development and tissue homeostasis. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway has pivotal roles in the regulation of cell death in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stress signals. The canonical Wingless (Wg) signaling has been implicated in cell proliferation and cell fate decisions, whereas its role in cell death remains largely elusive. Here, we report that activated Bsk (the Drosophila JNK homolog) induced cell death is mediated by the canonical Wg signaling. First, loss of Wg signaling abrogates Bsk-mediated caspase-independent cell death. Second, activation of Wg signaling promotes cell death in a caspase-independent manner. Third, activation of Bsk signaling results in upregulated transcription of wingless (wg) gene. Finally, Wg pathway participates in the physiological function of Bsk signaling in development. These findings not only reveal a previously undiscovered role of Wg signaling in Bsk-mediated cell death, but also provide a novel mechanism for the interplay between the two important signaling pathways in development.
A versatile nano display platform from bacterial spore coat proteins
Authors: Wu I-Lin , Narayan Kedar , Castaing Jean-Philippe , Tian Fang , Subramaniam Sriram , Ramamurthi Kumaran S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDormant bacterial spores are encased in a thick protein shell, the ‘coat’, which contains ∼70 different proteins. The coat protects the spore from environmental insults, and is among the most durable static structures in biology. Owing to extensive cross-linking among coat proteins, this structure has been recalcitrant to detailed biochemical analysis, so molecular details of how it assembles are largely unknown. Here, we reconstitute the basement layer of the coat atop spherical membranes supported by silica beads to create artificial spore-like particles. We report that these synthetic spore husk-encased lipid bilayers (SSHELs) assemble and polymerize into a static structure, mimicking in vivo basement layer assembly during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. In addition, we demonstrate that SSHELs may be easily covalently modified with small molecules and proteins. We propose that SSHELs may be versatile display platforms for drugs and vaccines in clinical settings, or for enzymes that neutralize pollutants for environmental remediation.
Whole-exome SNP array identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for psoriasis
Authors: Zuo Xianbo , Sun Liangdan , Yin Xianyong , Gao Jinping , Sheng Yujun , Xu Jinhua , Zhang Jianzhong , He Chundi , Qiu Ying , Wen Guangdong , Tian Hongqing , Zheng Xiaodong , Liu Shengxiu , Wang Wenjun , Li Weiran , Cheng Yuyan , Liu Longdan , Chang Yan , Wang Zaixing , Li Zenggang , Li Longnian , Wu Jianping , Fang Ling , Shen Changbing , Zhou Fusheng , Liang Bo , Chen Gang , Li Hui , Cui Yong , Xu Aie , Yang Xueqin , Hao Fei , Xu Limin , Fan Xing , Li Yuzhen , Wu Rina , Wang Xiuli , Liu Xiaoming , Zheng Min , Song Shunpeng , Ji Bihua , Fang Hong , Yu Jianbin , Sun Yongxin , Hui Yan , Zhang Furen , Yang Rongya , Yang Sen , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reproducibly associated ∼40 susceptibility loci with psoriasis. However, the missing heritability is evident and the contributions of coding variants have not yet been systematically evaluated. Here, we present a large-scale whole-exome array analysis for psoriasis consisting of 42,760 individuals. We discover 16 SNPs within 15 new genes/loci associated with psoriasis, including C1orf141, ZNF683, TMC6, AIM2, IL1RL1, CASR, SON, ZFYVE16, MTHFR, CCDC129, ZNF143, AP5B1, SYNE2, IFNGR2 and 3q26.2-q27 (P<5.00 × 10−08). In addition, we also replicate four known susceptibility loci TNIP1, NFKBIA, IL12B and LCE3D–LCE3E. These susceptibility variants identified in the current study collectively account for 1.9% of the psoriasis heritability. The variant within AIM2 is predicted to impact protein structure. Our findings increase the number of genetic risk factors for psoriasis and highlight new and plausible biological pathways in psoriasis.
New basal cell carcinoma susceptibility loci
Authors: Stacey Simon N. , Helgason Hannes , Gudjonsson Sigurjon A. , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Zink Florian , Sigurdsson Asgeir , Kehr Birte , Gudmundsson Julius , Sulem Patrick , Sigurgeirsson Bardur , Benediktsdottir Kristrun R. , Thorisdottir Kristin , Ragnarsson Rafn , Fuentelsaz Victoria , Corredera Cristina , Gilaberte Yolanda , Grasa Matilde , Planelles Dolores , Sanmartin Onofre , Rudnai Peter , Gurzau Eugene , Koppova Kvetoslava , Nexø Bjørn A. , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Jonasson Jon G. , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Johannsdottir Hrefna , Kristinsdottir Anna M. , Stefansson Hreinn , Masson Gisli , Magnusson Olafur T. , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Kong Augustine , Rafnar Thorunn , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Vogel Ulla , Kumar Rajiv , Nagore Eduardo , Mayordomo José I. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Olafsson Jon H. , Stefansson Kari 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn an ongoing screen for DNA sequence variants that confer risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 24,988,228 SNPs and small indels detected through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders and imputed into 4,572 BCC patients and 266,358 controls. Here we show the discovery of four new BCC susceptibility loci: 2p24 MYCN (rs57244888[C], OR=0.76, P=4.7 × 10−12), 2q33 CASP8-ALS2CR12 (rs13014235[C], OR=1.15, P=1.5 × 10−9), 8q21 ZFHX4 (rs28727938[G], OR=0.70, P=3.5 × 10−12) and 10p14 GATA3 (rs73635312[A], OR=0.74, P=2.4 × 10−16). Fine mapping reveals that two variants correlated with rs73635312[A] occur in conserved binding sites for the GATA3 transcription factor. In addition, expression microarrays and RNA-seq show that rs13014235[C] and a related SNP rs700635[C] are associated with expression of CASP8 splice variants in which sequences from intron 8 are retained.
Penetration of biomass-burning emissions from South Asia through the Himalayas: new insights from atmospheric organic acids
Authors: Cong Zhiyuan , Kawamura Kimitaka , Kang Shichang , Fu Pingqing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHigh levels of carbonaceous aerosol exist over South Asia, the area adjacent to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. Little is known about if they can be transported across the Himalayas and as far inland as the Tibetan Plateau. As important constituents of aerosols, organic acids have been recognized as unique fingerprints to identify the atmospheric process. Here we measured dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in aerosols on the northern slope of Mt. Everest (Qomolangma, 4276 m a.s.l.). Strong positive correlations were observed for dicarboxylic acids with biomass burning tracers, levoglucosan and K+, demonstrating that this area was evidently affected by biomass burning. The seasonal variation pattern of dicarboxylic acids is consistent with OC and EC, being characterized by a pronounced maximum in the pre-monsoon season. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds (malonic acid/succinic acid, maleic acid/fumaric acid) further support this finding. We suggest that the local meteorological conditions and regional atmospheric flow process could facilitate the penetration of the carbonaceous aerosols from South Asia throughout the Himalayas. With the consideration of the darkening force of carbonaceous aerosols, our finding has important implication for this climate-sensitive area, where the glacier melting supplies water for billions of people downstream.
Synthesis of Aromatic Aza-metallapentalenes from Metallabenzene via Sequential Ring Contraction/Annulation
Authors: Wang Tongdao , Han Feifei , Huang Haiping , Li Jinhua , Zhang Hong , Zhu Jun , Lin Zhenyang , Xia Haiping 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe concept of aromaticity has long played an important role in chemistry and continues to fascinate both experimentalists and theoreticians. Among the archetypal aromatic compounds, heteroaromatics are particularly attractive. Recently, substitution of a transition-metal fragment for a carbon atom in the anti-aromatic hydrocarbon pentalene has led to the new heteroaromatic osmapentalenes. However, construction of the aza-homolog of osmapentalenes cannot be accomplished by a similar synthetic manipulation. Here, we report the synthesis of aza-osmapentalenes by sequential ring contraction/annulation reactions of osmabenzenes via osmapentafulvenes. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, X-ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations all suggest that these aza-osmapentalenes exhibit aromatic character. Thus, the stepwise transformation of metallabenzenes to metallapentafulvenes and then aza-metallapentalenes provides an efficient and facile synthetic route to these bicyclic heteroaromatics.
Distinct higher-order α-synuclein oligomers induce intracellular aggregation
Authors: Illes-Toth Eva , Ramos Mafalda Ribeiro , Cappai Roberto , Dalton Caroline , Smith David P 
Published: April 2015

Misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into Lewy bodies is associated with a range of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn pathology has been linked to soluble amyloid oligomer populations that precede Lewy body formation. Oligomers produced in vitro under certain conditions have been demonstrated to induce intracellular aggregation in cell culture models. In the present study, we characterize, by ESI–ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)–MS, a specific population of α-syn oligomers. These MS-compatible oligomers were compared with oligomers with known seeding and pore-forming capabilities and were shown to have the ability to induce intracellular aggregation. Each oligomer type was shown to have distinct epitope profiles that correlated with their toxic gain-of-function. Structurally, the MS compatible oligomers populated a range of species from dimers through to hexamers. Lower-order oligomers were structurally diverse and consistent with unstructured assemblies. Higher-order oligomers were shown to be compact with ring-like structures. The observation of this compact state may explain how this natively disordered protein is able to transfer pathology from cell to cell and avoid degradation by cellular proteases.
Activation of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) underlies platelet activation by diesel exhaust particles and other charged/hydrophobic ligands
Authors: Alshehri Osama M. , Montague Samantha , Watson Stephanie , Carter Paul , Sarker Najiat , Manne Bhanu K. , Miller Jeanette L.C. , Herr Andrew B. , Pollitt Alice Y. , O'Callaghan Chris A. , Kunapuli Satya , Arman Mònica , Hughes Craig E. , Watson Steve P. 
Published: April 2015

Platelets are activated by a range of stimuli that share little or no resemblance in structure to each other or to recognized ligands, including diesel exhaust particles (DEP), small peptides [4N1-1, Champs (computed helical anti-membrane proteins), LSARLAF (Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Ala-Phe)], proteins (histones) and large polysaccharides (fucoidan, dextran sulfate). This miscellaneous group stimulate aggregation of human and mouse platelets through the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)–FcR γ-chain complex and/or C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) as shown using platelets from mice deficient in either or both of these receptors. In addition, all of these ligands stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation in GPVI/CLEC-2-double-deficient platelets, indicating that they bind to additional surface receptors, although only in the case of dextran sulfate does this lead to activation. DEP, fucoidan and dextran sulfate, but not the other agonists, activate GPVI and CLEC-2 in transfected cell lines as shown using a sensitive reporter assay confirming a direct interaction with the two receptors. We conclude that this miscellaneous group of ligands bind to multiple proteins on the cell surface including GPVI and/or CLEC-2, inducing activation. These results have pathophysiological significance in a variety of conditions that involve exposure to activating charged/hydrophobic agents.
Inhibition of PKCβ2 overexpression ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats via restoring caveolin-3/Akt signaling
Authors: Liu Yanan , Jin Jiqin , Qiao Shigang , Lei Shaoqing , Liao Songyan , Ge Zhi-Dong , Li Haobo , Wong Gordon Tin-chun , Irwin Michael G. , Xia Zhengyuan 
Published: April 2015

Activation of PKCβ (protein kinase Cβ) plays a critical role in myocardial I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury in non-diabetic rodents. In the myocardium of diabetes, PKCβ2 overexpression is associated with increased vulnerability to post-ischaemic I/R injury with concomitantly impaired cardiomyocyte Cav (caveolin)-3 and Akt signalling compared with non-diabetic rats. We hypothesized that myocardial PKCβ overexpression in diabetes exacerbates myocardial I/R injury through impairing Cav-3/Akt signalling. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the selective PKCβ inhibitor ruboxistaurin (RBX, 1 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks, starting from 1 week after diabetes induction, before inducing myocardial I/R achieved by occluding the left descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured using a pressure–volume conductance system. In an in vitro study, cardiac H9C2 cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mmol/l) and subjected to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (H/R) in the presence or absence of the selective PKCβ2 inhibitor CGP53353 (1 μmol/l), siRNAs of PKCβ2 or Cav-3 or Akt. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) and JC-1 staining respectively. RBX significantly decreased post-ischaemic myocardial infarct size (35±5% compared with 49±3% in control, P&lt;0.05) and attenuated cardiac dysfunction, and prevented the reduction in cardiac Cav-3 and enhanced phosphorylated/activated Akt (p-Akt) in diabetic rats (P&lt;0.05). H/R increased cardiomyocyte injury under high glucose conditions as was evident by increased TUNEL-positive and increased JC-1 monomeric cells (P&lt;0.05 compared with control), accompanied with increased PKCβ2 phosphorylation/activation and decreased Cav-3 expression. Either CGP53353 or PKCβ2 siRNA significantly attenuated all of these changes and enhanced p-Akt. Cav-3 gene knockdown significantly reduced p-Akt and increased post-hypoxic cellular and mitochondrial injury despite a concomitant reduction in PKCβ2 phosphorylation. PKCβ2 inhibition with RBX protects diabetic hearts from myocardial I/R injury through Cav-3-dependent activation of Akt.
Structural characterization of toxic oligomers that are kinetically trapped during α-synuclein fibril formation
Authors: Chen Serene W. , Drakulic Srdja , Deas Emma , Ouberai Myriam , Aprile Francesco A. , Arranz Rocío , Ness Samuel , Roodveldt Cintia , Guilliams Tim , De-Genst Erwin J. , Klenerman David , Wood Nicholas W. , Knowles Tuomas P.J. , Alfonso Carlos , Rivas Germán , Abramov Andrey Y. , Valpuesta José María , Dobson Christopher M. , Cremades Nunilo 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Certain oligomeric species generated during the self-assembly of specific proteins into ordered fibrillar aggregates are likely to be key players in the initiation and spreading of neurodegenerative diseases. We have purified stable toxic oligomeric species of α-synuclein and defined and minimized their degree of heterogeneity, which has allowed us to identify distinct subgroups of oligomers and determine their structural properties and three-dimensional molecular architectures. All the oligomeric subgroups possess approximately cylindrical architectures with marked similarities to amyloid fibrils, suggesting that these types of oligomers are kinetically trapped during protein self-assembly. The relative stabilities and inherent pathological roles of different amyloid oligomers are likely to result from the multiplicity of pathways of the misfolding process and the remarkably slow rates of structural conversions.
Link education to industrial upgrading: a comparison between South Korea and China
Authors: He Qiaoling 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Why is the “education to industrial innovation” equation not working in China? Why has education development contributed to South Korea’s success but not promoted technology development and industrial upgrading in China? The purpose of this paper is to compare South Korea and China and try to address that puzzle. The author will also identify which mediating factors are crucial in linking education development to industrial innovation and industrial upgrading.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study will use the historical comparative method to compare South Korea and China. The author will try to explore the differences in education and industrial upgrading in the two countries, and identify which factors are producing different educational development effects, mainly by narrative comparison. Data will mainly come from online databases such as Statistics Korea, the Center on International Education Benchmarking, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, China Education Statistics and the World Bank, as well as from second-hand resources.

Findings
– In summary, this research has revealed that education itself or the production of human capital may not be sufficient conditions for technology innovation or industry upgrading. For human capital to affect industrial upgrading positively, it is not enough for the Chinese government just to invest in education. Other intermediating market and social contexts are crucial too, especially the allocation of resources between the private and the public sectors, and the existence of a proper employment structure.

Originality/value
– The role of education in economic development for the developing world is debated a lot. However, there is little development study research which directly explores the relationship between education and industrial upgrading via macroeconomic analysis. In a globalized world, the situation of international industrial value chains is an important element for sustainable long-term development. Industrial structures and their transformation are becoming more and more important for developing countries. While most past research has treated the absorbing economy’s structure as a condition that determines education’s contribution to development, this paper will treat the industrial structure as the dependent variable, and analyze how education would contribute to the upgrading of industrial structure and, in turn, be of benefit to sustainable economic development.