bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction and characterization of exosomes from the exhaled breath condensate and sputum of lung cancer patients and vulnerable tobacco consumers—potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker source
Authors: Bano Afsareen , Yadav Pooja , Sharma Megha , Verma Deepika , Vats Ravina , Chaudhry Dhruva , Kumar Pawan , Bhardwaj Rashmi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Noninvasive sample sources of exosomes, such as exhaled breath and sputum, which are in close proximity to the tumor microenvironment and may contain biomarkers indicative of lung cancer, are far more permissive than invasive sample sources for biomarker screening. Standardized exosome extraction and characterization approaches for low-volume noninvasive samples are critically needed. We isolated and characterized exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and sputum exosomes from healthy nonsmokers (n = 30), tobacco smokers (n = 30), and lung cancer patients (n = 40) and correlated the findings with invasive sample sources. EBC samples were collected by using commercially available R-Tubes. To collect sputum samples the participants were directed to take deep breaths, hold their breath, and cough in a collection container. Dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the exosome morphology. Protein isolation, western blotting, exosome quantification via EXOCET, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed for molecular characterization. Exosomes were successfully isolated from EBC and sputum samples, and their yields were adequate and sufficiently pure for subsequent downstream processing and characterization. The exosomes were confirmed based on their size, shape, and surface marker expression. Remarkably, cancer exosomes were the largest in size not only in the plasma subgroups, but also in the EBC (p < 0.05) and sputum (p = 0.0036) subgroups, according to our findings. A significant difference in exosome concentrations were observed between the control sub-groups (p < 0.05). Our research confirmed that exosomes can be extracted from noninvasive sources, such as EBC and sputum, to investigate lung cancer diagnostic biomarkers for research, clinical, and early detection in smokers.
The adsorption capacity of robusta coffee peel-activated charcoal on the aqueous of lead and cadmium ions
Authors: Ratman  , Perodo C A K , Poba D , Napitupulu M , Walanda D K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The metal ion adsorption process is strongly influenced by the pH conditions and the amount of adsorbent used. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum pH and weight of coffee peel-activated charcoal in the adsorption of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) ions. Determination of the optimum pH for adsorption of activated charcoal on coffee peels was carried out by varying the pH of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. In contrast, the weight of the activated charcoal was 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg, respectively. The study results showed that the optimum pH for adsorption of activated charcoal on lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) ions was pH 4 and 8, namely 99.80% and 96.95%. Meanwhile, the optimum adsorption weight of activated charcoal for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) ions is 75 mg and 150 mg, namely 99.95% and 99.45%.
Ecocide as the serious crime: A discourse on global environmental protection
Authors: Arifin R , Masyhar A , Wulandari C , Kusuma B H , Wijayanto I , Rasdi  , Fikri S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the concept of ecocide as a grave crime within the framework of global environmental preservation. Amid escalating environmental concerns, the discourse on establishing ecocide as an international criminal offense gains momentum. The abstract examines the implications, challenges, and potential advantages of adopting this transformative perspective. Ecocide refers to extensive, irreversible ecological damage caused primarily by human activities. This paper delves into the rationale behind designating ecocide as a serious crime, emphasizing the need to hold individuals, corporations, and even nations responsible for actions leading to widespread environmental destruction. By legally categorizing ecocide as a crime, the international community could establish a more compelling deterrent against actions that undermine global ecological equilibrium. Nonetheless, the global implementation of ecocide as a crime presents considerable hurdles. This paper addresses challenges related to defining the scope of ecocide, differentiating it from existing environmental offenses, and establishing universally applicable prosecution criteria. Furthermore, it explores enforcement complexities given the diversity of geopolitical contexts and the varying degrees of environmental impact worldwide. The potential benefits of acknowledging ecocide as a crime are profound. It could trigger a paradigm shift in public and corporate consciousness, fostering a sense of accountability and encouraging sustainable practices. The prospect of legal consequences might incentivize innovative approaches to prevent environmental harm and facilitate restoration efforts. Additionally, it could bolster the global commitment to environmental safeguarding by placing it on par with other serious international crimes.
The design strategy for the development of the west coast of Sumbawa Regency tourism area to support an increase in sustainable tourist visits
Authors: Tajidan T , Sukardi L , Padusung  , Fahrudin  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The West Coast of Sumbawa Regency are new tourist areas that the Sumbawa Regency Government wants to develop as a tourist destination with the aim of designing appropriate development strategies so that they grow and develop as sustainable tourist destinations and have a positive impact on regional economic growth. The study method was carried out by combining descriptive and exploratory methods, as well as a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. The analysis used is SWOT with a weight value using an analytical hierarchy process, and a rating from 1 (one) to 4 (four). The strategic plan is to expand the tourist area from Meno Beach to Rhee Loka Beach and integrate natural beach tourism with cultural tourism of traditional houses and locus of sales of processed corn in order to increase sustainable tourist visits by completing main and supporting tourist facilities, developing scheduled tourist attractions every year. weekends, and tourism events for boat/canoe racing competitions.
Characterization of active carbon from cassava plant residuals for decolorization of batik bomba dye waste
Authors: Napitupulu M , Malik A , Anshary A , Suleman M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to make activated carbon from cassava rods, characterize its physical and chemical properties, and investigate its adsorption capacity to reduce Indigisol Blue 04-B in the bomba batik factory wastewater. The preparation is through a pyrolysis process, at 400 °C without oxygen. The carbon activation process by ZnCl2 aims to enlarge the pore diameter of the carbon, expand the volume in the pores, and open new pores so that the performance of the activated carbon is more optimal. Physical analysis of activated carbon is carried out by calculating the yield, moisture content, and ash content and the results are; that water content was 28%, 3.07%, and 7.7% respectively. Moisture content and ash content all comply with SNI 06-6989-3-2004 standards. The pore morphology of activated carbon was analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), while the percentage of carbon and other elements in the sample was analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS).
The distribution of domestic wastewater effect on the Palu river
Authors: Nasir Al R , Zeffitni  , Kadir A I N K , Marjan M , Paembonan A A A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Palu River is one of the largest rivers in Central Sulawesi and acts as a tourist attraction and a mode of commercial economy for local communities. These activities contribute to the production of domestic wastewater that can be a pollutant for rivers and affect the survival of aquatic organisms. This research aims to determine the distribution of domestic wastewater on the Palu River by identifying the physical and chemical quality of the water. This research is quantitative by direct measurements in the field and by testing river water quality in the laboratory. Sampling used the grab sampling method at three location points, they are at the outlet, before the outlet (point I), and after the outlet (point II), carried out at two different times, in the morning and afternoon. The tested parameters consist of TSS, turbidity, temperature, pH, COD, BOD, DO, and oil and fat. Modeling the distribution of river water quality after being contaminated by domestic waste used by surfers 13. The results showed that at point I and point II, the overall parameters did not exceed the river water quality standards for class III, but at the outlet, oil, and fat failed (1.275 mg/L). Based on the sampling time, in the morning TSS and BOD were the only parameters that approached the limit for both point I (99 mg/L and 5.80 ppm) and point II (97 mg/L and 5.47 ppm). In the afternoon, the COD value was so close to the standard of 40 ppm (35.64 ppm), and TSS at the point I (247 mg/L) and point II (297 mg/L) excelled the safe limit but did not make it at the outlet (15 mg/L). The rest parameters remained at safe limits. Overall, the physical and chemical quality of the river at all sampling points for BOD, oil and fat, turbidity, and temperature parameters tended to be higher in the morning than in the afternoon, while COD, DO, TSS, and pH did reversely.
Analysis of community preferences for industrial forest plantation development in Sumbawa district
Authors: Ichsan A C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to explore information and provide input related to developing industrial timber plantations in 21 villages in the KPH Batulanteh and KPH Ropang areas of Sumbawa Regency, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Analysis was conducted on aspects related to the HTI development program. Based on the results of this study, three crucial components are used as the basis for developing strategies to encourage HTI development in the study area. These components include the situation, structure, and role of the parties, with three technical approaches in optimizing HTI development activities from the socio-economic perspective of the local community, such Social and Economic Approach, Institutional Approach, and Technological Approach in the form of technical procedures that can be used to carry out environmental management.
Development of green infrastructure to optimize landscape ecosystem services in flood control efforts in the coastal area of Palu city
Authors: Achsan A C , Rizkhi  , Mulyati S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Urban development is characterized by increasing population implications of changes in the structure of the city landscape. Various problems are found in the course of urban development. One of the problems caused by increased urban activity and also experienced by the city of Palu is flooding. The role of landscapes through the development of green infrastructure is expected to provide ecosystem services in particular in its function for flood control. The aim of this research is to formulate the development of green infrastructure to optimize the services of landscape ecosystems in flood control efforts in the coastal area of Kota Palu. The method used is to use the method of determining the spread of flood stagnation using cloud computing-based image processing techniques to further formulate the development of green infrastructure on the coastal landscape of Kota Palu spatially using geographic information systems. Observations of estimated flood shelter spread show that flood scales are present almost throughout the research area. According to the results of the spatial analysis of the determination of the area of development of green infrastructure obtained five classes of development area i.e. the area is very suitable for an area of 8233.63 ha, respectively of 5030.24 ha, quite suited for 3157.93 ha. less suitable of 2847.36 ha and not suited of 171.01 ha. Green infrastructure development in the coastal area of the City of Palu is focused on the zone according to very high and available location refers to the highest accumulation score of each criterion scores which has an area of 626.74 ha spread over several areas of sub district namely Pantoloan, Baiya, Lambara, Panau, Mamboro, Layana Indah, Tondo, Talise, Mid, Besusu West, Tanodamare Balaroa, Lodi, Donggala, Kabon, Sila, Tipo, Buluri. The development of green infrastructure as an effort to control flooding in the coastal area of Palu City can be pursued through the provision of green open space and retention ponds allocated in a predetermined space.
Anomaly-based fault detection in wind turbines using unsupervised learning: a comparative study.
Authors: Vásquez-Rodríguez Génesis , Maldonado-Correa Jorge 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Wind energy has experienced significant growth in recent years thanks to the technological development of wind turbines (WTs). However, one of the main challenges for the wind industry remains the early detection of WT failures. An effective strategy to address this challenge is implementing condition monitoring (CM) to detect changes in WT operation that could indicate the onset of a potential failure. This paper uses data from the SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system of a wind farm located in Ecuador to test three unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods to detect anomalies in the data, allowing for predicting potential WT failures. Evaluation metrics showed that the Mahalanobis Distance (MD) algorithm performed better in anomaly detection over Isolation Forest (IF) and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), achieving an accuracy of 0.94, 0.90 and 0.74 respectively; however, IF more effectively detected the points determined as anomalies.
Design and sensitivity analysis of a vertical TFET with dielectric pocket for its use as label free biosensor
Authors: Das Debika , Chakraborty Ujjal , Borah Pranjal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of a dielectrically modulated vertical tunnel field effect transistor (VTFET) as a label free biosensor is presented in this article. The proposed structure considers an n+ pocket at the source /channel interface and a dielectric pocket at channel/drain interface. The sensitivity of the VTFET biosensor has been investigated, introducing neutral and charged biomolecules of different dielectric constants at the nanogap cavity. The n+ doped pocket introduced at the source/channel junction improves the output characteristics of the proposed VTFET due to its conduction mechanism in both lateral and vertical directions, thereby improving the sensitivity of VTFET biosensor as well. The proposed VTFET biosensor gains the sensitivity in the order of 105 for a fully filled cavity. Moreover, the HfO2 dielectric pocket at the channel/drain interface suppresses the deteriorating ambipolar behaviour and also enhances the ambipolar current sensitivity compared to a VTFET biosensor without dielectric pocket. Thus, it is perceived that the main drawback of TFET, ambipolar nature, has evolved as an advantage for sensing applications. The VTFET biosensor has been analyzed with regards to variations in dielectric constant of cavity, density of charge, length and height of cavity, mole fraction and also operating temperature at a particular bias condition to judge its sensing capability. A status map has been presented where the proposed VTFET biosensor has been compared with some of the significant works reported in literature in terms of sensitivity and selectivity.
Intimate relationships regulate female brain activity in a competitive context: evidence from EEG and functional connectivity analysis
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Jia Shuyu , Meng Yujia , Xing Miao , Guan Jiaqi , Jiang Jinru , Wang He 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Competition is common in life, and intimate relationships are essential. Understanding how intimate relationships impact an individual’s competitive process is crucial. This study explored the impact of competitor gender on female competition using electroencephalography analysis. The results revealed that females exhibited a smaller median of the absolute value of reaction time difference (DRT) between their partners and their competitors when their partners were absent compared to when their partners were present. Additionally, females showed greater average amplitudes of N2 posterior contralateral component (N2pc) and Late Positive Potential (LPP), increased activation of the alpha frequency band, and enhanced theta frequency band functional connectivity between the central parietal lobe and occipital lobe. Furthermore, when competing with individuals of the same gender as opposed to individuals of the opposite gender, females exhibited greater average amplitudes of percentage of wins and N2pc. A significant negative correlation was noted between the DRT and the average wave amplitudes of N2pc and LPP. These findings suggest that females are more engaged in competitive tasks when partners are not present and have improved decision-making when competing with same-gender individuals. This study provides evidence for the influence of lovers on female competition, helping females adapt to social competition and promoting healthy relationships.
X marks the spot: catheter aspiration using the Inari FlowTriever device to debulk defibrillator lead vegetations prior to transvenous lead extraction—a case report
Authors: Clark James , Zaidi Abbas , O’Callaghan Peter , von Oppell Ulrich , Sharp Andrew S P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
When cardiac implantable electronic device infection occurs, standard therapy is usually total system extraction. Transvenous lead extraction is preferable to open heart surgical extraction, unless contraindicated because of the presence of very large vegetations on the intravenous leads according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Extraction of transvenous leads with vegetations risks distal embolism resulting in obstruction and/or infection in the pulmonary arteries. Catheter aspiration of vegetations or thrombi has been performed prior to transvenous lead extraction using a partial veno-venous extracorporeal bypass circuit. We report the use of a single-access aspiration system using the Inari FlowTriever 24 French system to debulk a defibrillator lead before percutaneous extraction.

Case summary
A 79-year-old male presented with fever 18 years after his first implantable cardioverter defibrillator implant and 9 years after his most recent pulse generator change. Two large vegetations were identified on his transvenous defibrillator lead on the atrial aspect, near the tricuspid annulus, which were aspirated using the Inari Medical 24Fr FlowTriever aspiration catheter. We describe anatomical considerations during the approach and a technique to localize the vegetations based on a combination of fluoroscopy and transoesophageal echocardiogram guidance.

Discussion
This case demonstrates the safe and effective use of the Inari Medical 24Fr FlowTriever aspiration catheter in debulking a defibrillator lead before transvenous lead extraction. This method uses a single venous puncture and is not dependent on extracorporeal bypass. Apart from reducing complexity, this technique may be advantageous in patients where anticoagulation needs to be minimised.
Pushing the hybrid approach to the edges, three stories in one: a case report
Authors: Dardas Sotirios , Dardas Petros , Mezilis Nikolaos , Tsikaderis Dimitrios , Kofidis Theodoros 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is common in the elderly. Extensive calcification has been historically challenging for the cardiac surgeons, with traditional surgical approaches carrying significant risks. Less invasive approaches have recently been explored in an attempt to reduce this risk.

Case summary
We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who presented with recurrent pulmonary oedema, due to severe MAC and mitral regurgitation. Her past medical history included bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement 5 years ago. Given the extensive MAC and the patient’s frailty, a minimally invasive hybrid approach with direct implantation of a transcatheter balloon expandable Sapien 3 valve was selected to manage her. Although the post-surgical result was initially excellent with elimination of the mitral regurgitation, the patient’s post-operative course was marked by two serious complications, namely, acute severe aortic regurgitation, due to rupture of the bioprosthetic valve’s right cusp, and severe paravalvular leak of the Sapien valve, due to posterior migration towards the left atrium. These were managed successfully with emergency valve-in-valve implantation using the ‘double chimney’ technique for the bioprosthetic aortic valve, as well as transeptal valve-in-valve implantation of a 2nd Sapien valve in the mitral valve, which sealed the gap between the 1st Sapien and the calcified mitral annulus.

Discussion
This case illustrates a less invasive approach for the management of severe MAC. Complications can still occur in this high-risk group of patients, and therefore, such cases should be managed with close collaboration between cardiac surgeons and cardiologists, in centres with high expertise.
The tomato WRKY-B transcription factor modulates lateral branching by targeting BLIND, PIN4, and IAA15
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Zhou Ke , Wu Qingfei , Jia Xinyi , Wang Hexuan , Yang Wenhui , Lin Lihao , Hu Xiaomeng , Pan Bingqing , Li Ping , Huang Tingting , Xu Xiangyang , Li Jingfu , Jiang Jingbin , Du Minmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lateral branching is a crucial agronomic trait that impacts crop yield. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), excessive lateral branching is unfavorable and results in substantial labor and management costs. Therefore, optimizing lateral branching is a primary objective in tomato breeding. Although many genes related to lateral branching have been reported in tomato, the molecular mechanism underlying their network remains elusive. In this study, we found that the expression profile of a WRKY gene, WRKY-B (for WRKY-BRANCING), was associated with the auxin-dependent axillary bud development process. Wrky-b mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system presented fewer lateral branches, while WRKY-B overexpression lines presented more lateral branches than did wild-type plants. Furthermore, WRKY-B can directly target the well-known branching gene BLIND (BL) and the auxin efflux carrier gene PIN4 to activate their expression. Both the bl and pin4 mutants exhibited reduced lateral branching, similar to the wrky-b mutant. The IAA contents in the axillary buds of the wrky-b, bl, and pin4 mutant plants were significantly higher than those in the wild-type plants. In addition, WRKY-B can also directly target the AUX/IAA gene IAA15 and repress its expression. In summary, WRKY-B works upstream of BL, PIN4, and IAA15 to regulate the development of lateral branches in tomato.