bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Alkylation of β‐Keto Phosphonates by Direct Use of Diaryl Methanols as Electrophiles.
Authors: Shibata Masashi , Ikeda Masahiro , Motoyama Kazuki , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBesides ethyl phosphates alternative alkyl phosphates can also be used as starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Flower of Vernonia cinerea.
Authors: Chang Leng Chee , et al. et al. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of the hexane extract from the flowers of Vernonia cinerea (Asteraceae) leads to the isolation of two new sesquiterpene lactones (I) along with several known structurally related substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Bioactive Glucosinolates from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Florets.
Authors: Survay Nazneen Shaik , Kumar Brajesh , Jang Mi , Yoon Do‐Young , Jung Yi‐Sook , Yang Deok‐Chun , Park Se Won 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo novel glucosinolates (I) and (II) and one known structurally related substance are isolated from Broccoli florets.
Fluidized Bed Combustors in Austria and their Flue Gas Cleaning Systems
Authors: Purgar Amon , Winter Franz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIm Zuge des multilateralen Technology Agreements Fluidized Bed Conversion der Internationalen Energieagentur soll ein Statusreport der Wirbelschichttechnologie in Österreich erarbeitet werden. Der Fokus des Berichts liegt auf industriellen Wirbelschicht‐Verbrennungsanlagen. Die untersuchten Anlagen können vier Kategorien zugeordnet werden. Diese sind Papier‐ und Zellstoffindustrie, thermische Reststoffverwertung, Biomassekraftwerke und die thermische Verwertung von kommunalen Klärschlämmen. Jeder Kategorie kann ein typisches Spektrum an Brennstoffen zugeordnet werden und mit Kenntnis der Inbetriebnahme‐Zeitpunkte der Anlagen ergeben sich typische Zusammenstellungen von Rauchgasreinigungstechnologien.
Single‐Use Bags for Sampling and Storage Studies – Reflecting the State of the Art
Authors: Rumsfeld Jens , Kubischik Jens 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSingle‐use bags are increasingly implemented in (bio‐)pharmaceutical production processes driven by technical or economic aspects. At the same time the development of single‐use products and equipment for the market is very dynamic, but there is also room for improvement. Specialists of the DECHEMA temporary working group Single‐Use have investigated and summarized the status on two related topics: sampling of single‐use systems and storage studies in small scale bags. Although for sampling and storage studies small scale bags are needed, the requirements are very different in these two applications. Sampling is done very often during processes on routine basis and storage time is usually short. Storage studies are done in preparation and in parallel of a market introduction, which means, that samples are just taken once or a few times and storage time is long.
Changes in the Level of Proteins, Free Amino Acids and Protease Activities of Clarias batrachus in Response to Sodium meta‐arsenite Intoxication
Authors: Kumar Randhir , Banerjee Tarun K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIncreased hazard of arsenic toxicity at many provinces of India causing extensive contamination of their wetlands. To illustrate the consequences of the arsenic menace on the aquatic fauna, a nutritionally important freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) was subjected to the stress of sublethal concentration (1 mg/L; 5% of 96‐h LC50 value) of sodium meta‐arsenite. The alterations induced by the arsenic salt on certain biomolecules (proteins, free amino acids (FAA), and protease activities) in five tissue components (muscle, liver, brain skin, and gills) of the fish using biochemical techniques were estimated. Significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the concentration of proteins in all the tissues (19.74–44.84% in muscles; 3.17–49.39% in liver; 10.05–36.16% in brain; 12.62–52.01% in skin and 7.34–61.69% in gills), and significant (p < 0.01) increase in FAA (6.84–269.89% in muscles; 125.89–358.03% in liver; 1.07–152.90% in brain; 29.31–401.62% in skin and 38.53–165.07% in gills), and protease activities (43.59–183.33% in muscles; 19.52–131.90% in liver; 8.85–46.72% in brain; 33.33–261.53% in skin and 25.39–50.79% in gills) of the exposed fish were observed. This increase in amino acids and enzyme activity point out toward breakdown of protein leading to their depletion.
Prediction of Water Temperature as Affected by a Pre‐Constructed Reservoir Project Based on MIKE11
Authors: Wang Qinggai 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReservoir construction can lead to much more water stored in front of the dam and significantly increase heat storage capacity of the reservoir waters, thus resulting in different distribution pattern of water temperature in reservoir area compared to river. Especially for large reservoir, the obvious stratification of water temperature will appear in the reservoir with deeper water levels. Meanwhile, the low water temperature will be observed in the downstream river due to the operation of the reservoir. The vertical numerical simulation model for reservoir from MIKE 11 was used to predict the changes of water temperature of Wuxikou Reservoir to check the effects of the reservoir construction on water temperature. The water temperature prediction model was developed to simulate the water temperature of the reservoir and the discharged outflow water. The predicted results can contribute to assessing the feasibility of the pre‐constructed project based on the environmental influence of water temperature.
Comparative Evaluation for Characterization of Produced Water Generated from Oil, Gas, and Oil–Gas Production Fields
Authors: Ozgun Hale , Ersahin Mustafa Evren , Erdem Selime , Atay Burcu , Sayili Sema , Eren Esra , Hoshan Pelin , Atay Doga , Altinbas Mahmut , Kinaci Cumali , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA reliable wastewater characterization is a prerequisite for the selection of an acceptable treatment strategy for produced water which exhibits significant differences due to the varied kinds of wells, seasonal changes, and formation types. A complete characterization of produced water generated from oil, gas, and oil–gas fields in Turkey was performed based on seasonal and locational variations. The results showed that the produced water generated from oil field wells was highly polluted and wastewater volume was higher in comparison to gas and oil–gas field wells. Besides, the characterization of produced water was varying in a wide range based on seasonal and locational variations. Useful relationships were observed between chloride, sodium, bromide, and total dissolved solids concentrations. The results can be used in the design, operation, and optimization of wastewater treatment systems of petroleum and oil industries for future studies.
2‐Carbaborane‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐indoles—Synthesis via McMurry Reaction and Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibition Activity
Authors: Laube Markus , Neumann Wilma , Scholz Matthias , Lönnecke Peter , Crews Brenda , Marnett Lawrence J. , Pietzsch Jens , Kniess Torsten , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors have been the focus of medicinal chemistry efforts for years, and many compounds that exhibit high selectivity and affinity have been developed. As carbaboranes represent interesting pharmacophores as phenyl mimetics in drug development, this paper presents the synthesis of carbaboranyl derivatives of COX‐2‐selective 2,3‐disubstituted indoles. Despite the lability of carbaboranes under reducing conditions, 2‐carbaborane‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐indoles could be synthesized by McMurry cyclization of the corresponding amides. Whereas the meta‐carbaboranyl‐substituted derivatives lacked COX inhibitory activity, an ortho‐carbaboranyl analogue was active, but showed a selectivity shift toward COX‐1.
GABAergic inputs from direct and indirect striatal projection neurons onto cholinergic interneurons in the primate putamen
Authors: Gonzales Kalynda Kari , Pare Jean‐Francois , Wichmann Thomas , Smith Yoland 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStriatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are involved in reward‐dependent learning and the regulation of attention. The activity of these neurons is modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic afferents, but the source and relative prevalence of these diverse regulatory inputs remain to be characterized. To address this issue, we performed a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the GABAergic and glutamatergic innervation of ChIs in the postcommissural putamen of rhesus monkeys. Postembedding immunogold localization of GABA combined with peroxidase immunostaining for choline acetyltransferase showed that 60% of all synaptic inputs to ChIs originate from GABAergic terminals, whereas 21% are from putatively glutamatergic terminals that establish asymmetric synapses, and 19% from other (non‐GABAergic) sources of symmetric synapses. Double pre‐embedding immunoelectron microscopy using substance P and Met‐/Leu‐enkephalin antibodies to label GABAergic terminals from collaterals of “direct” and “indirect” striatal projection neurons, respectively, revealed that 47% of the indirect pathway terminals and 36% of the direct pathway terminals target ChIs. Together, substance P‐ and enkephalin‐positive terminals represent 24% of all synapses onto ChIs in the monkey putamen. These findings show that ChIs receive prominent GABAergic inputs from multiple origins, including a significant contingent from axon collaterals of direct and indirect pathway projection neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2502–2522, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covalently Cross‐Linked Sulfone Polybenzimidazole Membranes with Poly(Vinylbenzyl Chloride) for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Yang Jingshuai , Aili David , Li Qingfeng , Cleemann Lars N. , Jensen Jens Oluf , Bjerrum Niels J. , He Ronghuan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCovalently cross‐linked polymer membranes were fabricated from poly(aryl sulfone benzimidazole) (SO2PBI) and poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBCl) as electrolytes for high‐temperature proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells. The cross‐linking imparted organo insolubility and chemical stability against radical attack to the otherwise flexible SO2PBI membranes. Steady phosphoric acid doping of the cross‐linked membranes was achieved at elevated temperatures with little swelling. The acid‐doped membranes exhibited increased mechanical strength compared to both pristine SO2PBI and poly[2,2′‐(m‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole] (mPBI). The superior characteristics of the cross‐linked SO2PBI membranes allowed higher acid doping levels and, therefore, higher proton conductivity. Fuel‐cell tests with the cross‐linked membranes demonstrated a high open circuit voltage and improved power performance and durability.
Experimental Study of the Discharge in the Low Pressure Plasma Jet Sputtering System
Authors: Klusoiň J. , Kudrna P. , Kolpaková A. , Picková I. , Hubička Z. , Tichý M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reports on experimental study of the discharge in the low pressure plasma jet sputtering system operated in the continuous DC regime of the discharge excitation. Presented measurements were focused on the description of the working pressure impact on the basic discharge characteristics. The pressure dependence of the gas flow velocity from the nozzle was examined by means of Pitot tube. Further an approximate measurement of the discharge current spatial distribution was realized as well. The second half of the article presents results from Langmuir probe measurements under the conditions of low pressures in the range of units of pascals. These conditions are of special importance in some particular applications especially in preparation of thin layers with high crystallinity. Used experimental setup enabled to perform Langmuir probe diagnostic with spatial resolution both in the plasma jet axis direction and in the direction perpendicular to it (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements of Plasma Properties Using the Floating Potential of Emissive Langmuir Probes
Authors: Tierno S.P. , Roibás E. , Doménech‐Garret J.L. , Donoso J.M. , Condo L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe measurement of the plasma potential of unmagnetized Maxwellian plasmas by using the floating potential of emissive Langmuir probes is discussed. The temperature of the probe was monitored in order to estimate the emitted thermoionic electron current and to determine the limits of the strong electron emission regime. Under these ideal conditions, the measurements of the plasma potential of the emissive probe are cross checked against those of collecting Langmuir probes. In agreement with previous works, the current voltage curves of emissive probes show the temperature dependent electron saturation currents. An empirical expression is suggested for the dependence of this saturation current with the probe temperature which recovers the response of collecting probes when the probe is cold. The experimental data indicate that the floating potential of the emissive probe is close to the local plasma potential only when the emitted thermoionic electron current is similar to the electron saturation current. Larger electron emission currents lead to small increments the floating potential over the local plasma potential. Our results suggest that the electron saturation current of a hot emissive probe is composed by the thermal electrons from the plasma and a returned fraction of the thermoionic emitted electrons (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Langmuir Probe Method for Precise Evaluation of the Negative‐Ion Density in Electronegative Gas Discharge Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Popov Tsv. K. , Mitov M. , Bankova A. , Ivanova P. , Dimitrova M. , Rupnik S. , Kovačič J. , Gyergyek T. , Cerček M. , Dias F. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe paper reports results from Langmuir probe current‐voltage (IV) characteristic measurements in argon and oxygen low‐gas‐pressure magnetized plasma. The plasma was produced in a stainless steel discharge tube with length 1.5 m and diameter 0.17 m with a hot filaments cathode. The wall of the discharge tube was grounded. An axial magnetic field B was created by a solenoid. A platinum cylindrical Langmuir probe with radius R = 5· 10−5 m and length L = 5· 10−3 m was placed axially and radially at the center of the discharge tube in order to perform measurements along and across the magnetic field.Using the second derivatives of the measured IV probe characteristics, the EEDF in argon and oxygen was evaluated. The derivatives were taken numerically. Measurements in an argon (i.e., in the absence of negative ions) were performed to obtain results for comparison with the measurements in an oxygen gas discharge, where a high density of negative ions is expected.In the measurements of the second derivatives of the IV characteristics with the probe parallel to the magnetic field in oxygen, a peak appears close to the plasma potential due to the registration of negative ions. In the same time, the electron part of the second derivative was substantially suppressed relatively to the case with the probe oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field. Thus using the appropriate orientation of the probe and a low magnetic field, when the electron part of the second derivative is suppressed, since the negative ion part is not affected by the low magnetic field applied, we can evaluate precisely the negative ion density.The results from the plasma parameters evaluation (plasma potential, electron and negative ion densities and electron temperatures) are presented and discussed (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the Probe Electrode on Probe Measurements for Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma Torch
Authors: Ezumi N. , Kodama N. , Akahane K. , Shiozawa S. , Sawada K. , Ohno N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, in order to clarify the influence of a probe electrode during probe measurements of an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma, simultaneous observations of probe current and the change of plasma shape using a high‐speed camera have been done. Fast and random repetitions of attachment and detachment of the plasma torch to the probe electrode have been observed. It is found that the response time is related to ion sound speed. Different behaviors of the plasma torch for a floating metal electrode or an insulator have been observed. Probe current‐voltage characteristics show asymmetric double probe shape (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infrared imaging as a cancer diagnostic tool: Introducing a new concept of spectral barcodes for identifying molecular changes in colon tumors
Authors: Nallala Jayakrupakar , Piot Olivier , Diebold Marie‐Danièle , Gobinet Cyril , Bouché Olivier , Manfait Michel , Sockalingum Ganesh D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractComplementary diagnostic methods to conventional histopathology are under scrutiny for various types of cancers for rapid and molecular level diagnostics. In this perspective, a biophotonic approach based on infrared spectral micro‐imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis has been implemented on colon tissues. The ability of infrared imaging to investigate the intrinsic biochemical features of cells and tissues has been exploited to develop a new concept of spectral bar coding. To implement this concept, 10 frozen colon tissue samples (five nontumoral and tumoral pairs from five patients) were imaged using infrared spectral micro‐imaging in a nondestructive manner. The spectral images were processed by a multivariate clustering method to identify the histological organization in a label‐free manner. Spectral information from the epithelial components was then automatically recovered on the basis of their intrinsic biochemical composition, and compared using a statistical method (Mann–Whitney U‐test) to construct spectral barcodes specific to each patient. The spectral barcodes representing the discriminant infrared spectral wavenumbers (900–1,800 cm−1) enabled characterization of some of the malignancy‐associated biochemical alterations associated with mucin, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and protein regions. This approach not only allowed the identification of common biochemical alterations among all the colon cancer patients, but also revealed a difference of gradient within individual patients. This new concept of spectral bar coding gives insight into the potential of infrared spectral micro‐imaging as a complementary diagnostic tool to conventional histopathology, for biochemical level understanding of malignancy in colon cancers in an objective and label‐free manner. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Commentary on ‘Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation’
Authors: Tabbers Merit M. , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Gordon M, Naidoo K, Akobeng AK, Thomas AG. Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 7 Art. No.: CD009118. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009118.pub2 Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age’
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: De‐Regil L, Suchdev PS, Vist GE, Walleser S, Pena‐Rosas JP. Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 9. Art. N.: CD008959. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008959.pub2. Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Approaches to the Synthesis of a Water‐Soluble Carboxy Nitroxide
Authors: Thomas Komba , Chalmers Benjamin A. , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Bottle Steven E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe robust and diversely useful isoindoline nitroxide, 5‐carboxy‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethylisoindolin‐2‐yloxyl (1; CTMIO), has previously been synthesised in low‐to‐moderate yields from phthalic anhydride (3). Recent interest in its biological potential as a potent antioxidant and in other areas has seen an increased demand for its production. Herein, three new synthetic routes to CTMIO are presented and their efficiencies assessed. Two routes, via the nitrile 9 and the formyl compound 11, derive from 5‐bromo‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethylisoindoline (6). The third approach starts from the readily accessible starting material, 4‐methylphthalic anhydride (12), and proceeds by a methylarene oxidation with potassium permanganate. The three new approaches yield CTMIO in comparable overall yields (16–18 %); however, the synthetic efficiency is most improved when employing the nitrile intermediate 9.
On the Origin of E/Z Selectivity in the Modified Julia Olefination – Importance of the Elimination Step
Authors: Robiette Raphaël , Pospíšil Jiří 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe mechanism and origin of high E selectivity in the modified Julia olefination of aromatic aldehydes have been explored by computational and experimental means. Reversibility of addition and hence selectivity of the formation of sulfinate 5 is very variable and depends on the nature of the sulfone substrate. However, in all cases, elimination occurs through a concerted antiperiplanar and synperiplanar mechanism for sulfinates anti‐5 and syn‐5, respectively. Both syn and anti diastereomeric pathways thus lead preferentially to the (E)‐alkene.