bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitions between subclasses of bullying and victimization when entering middle school
Authors: Williford Anne , Boulton Aaron J. , Jenson Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe examined the effects of depressive symptoms, antisocial attitudes, and perspective‐taking empathy on patterns of bullying and victimization during the transition from late elementary (4th grade to 5th grade) to middle school (6th grade) among 1,077 students who participated in the Youth Matters (YM) bullying prevention trial. Latent transition analysis was used to establish classes of bullying, victimization, bully‐victimization, and uninvolvement. The intervention had a positive impact on children as they moved from elementary to middle school. More students in the YM group transitioned from the involved statuses to the uninvolved status than students in the control group during the move to middle school. Elementary school bullies with higher levels of depressive symptoms were less likely than other students to move to an uninvolved status in the first year of middle school. Students who held greater antisocial attitudes were more likely to be a member of the bully‐victim status than the uninvolved status during the move to middle school. Perspective‐taking empathy, however, was not a significant predictor of status change during the transition to middle school. Implications for school‐based prevention programs during the move to middle school are noted. Aggr. Behav. 40:24–41, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel self‐crosslinking film from hydrogenated carboxylated nitrile rubber latex
Authors: Han Yang , Mao Lixin , Meng Hongwei , Zhang Liqun , Yue Dongmei 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA new type of self‐crosslinking latex film was prepared from hydrogenated carboxylated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HXNBR) latex by diimide reduction. The properties of the HXNBR rubber, including film surface morphology, physical properties, thermal stability and ageing properties, were investigated. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the HXNBR structure, from which the degree of hydrogenation can be obtained. The morphology of the film surface was monitored by atomic force microscopy, which confirmed that HXNBR latex can form a continuous film with good cohesive properties from self‐crosslinking latex particles. The self‐crosslinking provided the latex film with excellent tensile strength. The thermal stability was improved after hydrogenation, as indicated by thermogravimetric methods. The activation energy for degradation was determined by Coats‐Redfern plots. Hot air oven thermal ageing confirmed that the oxidation resistance increased as the degree of hydrogenation increased. All these results showed that HXNBR latex can form a self‐crosslinking film with better mechanical properties, and heat and oxidation resistance than those of XNBR latex film in a wide range of film applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39865.
Effect of expandable graphite particle size on the flame retardant, mechanical, and thermal properties of water‐blown semi‐rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Li Yi , Zou Jing , Zhou Shengtai , Chen Yang , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei , Luo Wenzhou 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTDifferent particle size of expandable graphite (EG) were incorporated into water‐blown semi‐rigid polyurethane foams (SPFs), which acted as the fire shield, in order to enhance the fire retardant properties. In this study, the particle size of EG was systematically varied from 70 µm to 960 µm. The effect of EG particle size on the density, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of SPFs was also investigated. Results showed that EG with smaller particle size showed almost no effect on the fire retardant properties of SPFs while the larger particle size of EG could effectively enhance it. It was observed that the flame retardancy of the composite improved with the increase of EG size which was attribute to the formation and densification of isolation layer with the increase in volume of expanded graphite. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of EG/SPF composites increased linearly by two steps with the increase in EG particle size. Horizontal burning test confirmed the above conclusion. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that EG particles and its size exhibited minor effect on the thermal stability of the SPF composites. Moreover, SPF filled with medium particle size of EG (about 400 µm) exhibited a poor compression performance compared with the others. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39885.
What is the diagnosis for this rash?
Authors: Singh Namrata , Saurabh Shireesh 
Published: September 2013

Key Clinical MessageThe etiology of rash in a given patient can be so varied. Good history‐taking is very important to prevent unnecessary work‐up. In this patient with Churg‐Strauss syndrome, the rash was due to “coining,” a traditional practice followed in Southeast Asian community and had no relation to her underlying disease.
Gold Catalysis Opens Up a New Route for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoylquinoxaline Derivatives from Biomass‐Derived Products (Glycerol)
Authors: Climent María J. , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara , Martínez‐Silvestre Sergio 
Published: September 2013

AbstractProcess intensification by using well‐defined solid catalysts able to perform one‐pot multistep reactions is one of the open fronts in heterogeneous catalysis. This is even more relevant if new, more efficient synthesis routes are open. Herein, a gold catalyst was used to synthesize benzimidazoylquinoxalines compounds by two efficient and selective novel methods in a multistep one‐pot methodology. The first method involved the synthesis of benzimidazoylquinoxaline compounds with the same substituents in both heterocycles through oxidation–cyclization of glycerol with o‐phenylenediamine derivatives, whereas the second one allowed the synthesis of benzimidazoylquinoxalines compounds with different substituents in each aromatic ring through coupling of o‐phenylenediamine derivatives with glyceraldehyde in a first stage to produce the benzimidazol compound as an intermediate, followed by an oxidation–cyclization with another o‐phenylenediamine compound in a second stage. Both stages were performed by using gold nanoparticles supported on nanoparticulated ceria (Au/CeO2) as the catalyst and air as the oxidant, in absence of any homogeneous reagent. A reaction mechanism has been proposed.
Facile Self‐Assembly Synthesis of PdPt Bimetallic Nanotubes with Good Performance for Ethanol Oxidation in an Alkaline Medium
Authors: Huang Zhongyuan , Zhou Haihui , Sun Feifei , Fu Chaopeng , Zeng Fanyan , Li Tianqi , Kuang Yafei 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPdPt bimetallic nanotubes were prepared by the self‐assembly of Pt and Pd on Te nanowires at room temperature. The morphologies of the as‐prepared PdPt nanotubes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the results display a large amount of PdPt bimetallic nanotubes with a diameter of 10–20 nm and a length of several micrometers. The composition and structure of the nanotubes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis, and the results display uniform compositional distributions of both elements (Pd and Pt). The mechanism of the formation of the nanotube structure was supposed. The electrocatalytic performance of PdPt nanotubes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Electrochemical results show that the as‐prepared PdPt nanotube catalysts have not only high activity but also good stability for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium.
Quantifying the Nature of Lone Pair Domains
Authors: Rahm Martin , Christe Karl. O. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe lone pair lies at the heart of chemistry, and is often in a conceptual respect the site of chemical reactivity. Here we show how the analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) can be improved upon by introducing intra‐basin partitioning. The high‐ELF localization domain population (HELP), is presented as a probe of the more chemically relevant and electron‐localized regions of the ELF lone pair basin, and shown to correlate with a range of physical properties and quantum mechanical constructs, such as the ESP,eand H+affinity, IP, HOMO/LUMO energies, atomic charge, NBO lone pair orbitals, and molecular geometry. A strong connection between topological density and orbital‐based analysis of chemistry is intuitively expected, yet this is the first time that an average electron population, obtained by any localization method, can be linked to properties of molecules. The application of HELP as a descriptor of lone pair domains is predicted to be of general use.
From Chondroitin Polymer to Size‐Defined Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides
Authors: Ferrer Lopez Angelika , Jacquinet Jean‐Claude , Lopin‐Bon Chrystel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEfficient and stereocontrolled synthesis of size‐defined hyaluronan oligomers is described for the first time starting from natural chondroitin polymer. Semisynthesis from chondroitin polymer afforded a disaccharide fragment that was used as starting material for the efficient preparation of a protected hyaluronic acid disaccharide building block. Selective inversion of configuration at C‐4 of the D‐galactosamine in the chondroitin disaccharide was one of the key steps necessary to afford a hyaluronic disaccharide skeleton. Stereoselective glycosylation, efficient reduction of the N‐trichloroacteyl group into the corresponding N‐acetyl group and deprotection afforded hyaluronan oligomers in good yield.
Sodium‐Hydroxide‐Mediated Synthesis of Highly Functionalized [1,6]‐Naphthyridines in a One‐Pot Pseudo Five‐Component Reaction
Authors: Sarkar Satavisha , Das Deb K. , Khan Abu T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of hitherto unreported 5‐amino‐7‐alkoxy‐2‐methyl‐2,4‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐8‐carbonitriles (4) was accomplished by a one‐pot pseudo five‐component reaction using aryl methyl ketones or alkyl methyl ketones, malononitrile, and alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide under reflux conditions. By following an identical reaction procedure, various 5‐amino‐2‐methyl‐2,4‐diaryl‐7‐(arylthio)‐1,2‐dihydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐8‐carbonitrile derivatives (6) were also synthesized from aryl methyl ketones, malononitrile, and thiophenols in the presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol. High bond‐forming efficiency, good yields, and the use of a readily available base are some of the salient features of this multicomponent reaction.
Cognitive functioning and its influence on sexual behavior in normal aging and dementia
Authors: Hartmans Carien , Comijs Hannie , Jonker Cees 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveMotivational aspects, emotional factors, and cognition, all of which require intact cognitive functioning may be essential in sexual functioning. However, little is known about the association between cognitive functioning and sexual behavior. The aim of this article is to review the current evidence for the influence of cognitive functioning on sexual behavior in normal aging and dementia.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases. The databases were searched for English language papers focusing on human studies published relating cognitive functioning to sexual behavior in the aging population. Keywords included sexual behavior, sexuality, cognitive functioning, healthy elderly, elderly, aging and dementia.ResultsEight studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, five included dementia patients and/or their partners, whereas only three studies included healthy older persons. Although not consistently, results indicated a trend that older people who are not demented and continue to engage in sexual activity have better overall cognitive functioning. Cognitive decline and dementia seem to be associated with diminished sexual behavior in older persons.ConclusionsThe association between cognitive functioning and sexual behavior in the aging population is understudied. The results found are inconclusive. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of acne scars with fractional CO2 laser at 1‐month versus 3‐month intervals: An intra‐individual randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bjørn Marie , Stausbøl‐Grøn Birgitte , Braae Olesen Anne , Hedelund Lene 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of acne scars with ablative fractional CO2 laser appears to be an effective and well‐tolerated treatment. However, so far the influence of treatment interval has not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether treatment of acne scars with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing at 1‐month interval achieves better results with no difference in the occurrence of adverse effects, than treatment given at 3‐months interval.MethodsPatients (n = 13) with symmetrical atrophic acne scars on right and left sides of the mid‐face and lower‐face were randomized to two fractional CO2 laser treatments at 1‐month versus 3‐month intervals. Blinded on‐site evaluations were performed 1 and 6 months after the last treatment on 10‐point scales. Endpoints were scar atrophy, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects.ResultsPre‐operatively, acne scars were moderately atrophic (5.86 ± 1.87). After treatment acne scars appeared with less atrophy on both treated sides 1 month postoperatively (1‐month interval 1.96 ± 1.23, P < 0.0001; 3‐months interval 1.82 ± 1.08, P = 0.0006) and 6 months postoperatively (1‐month interval 1.56 ± 1.24, P = 0.0021; 3‐months interval 1.33 ± 1.66, P = 0.0002). The treatment interval did not influence the improvement of scar atrophy at any time postoperatively (P = 0.81). Patients were moderately and equally satisfied with the treatment result on facial sides (P = 0.93). Postoperative adverse effects were minor and not influenced by the treatment interval.ConclusionsFractional CO2 laser resurfacing improves atrophic acne scars and a treatment interval of either 1‐month or 3‐months does not seem to influence the improvement of scar atrophy nor the occurrence of postoperative adverse effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:89–93, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas Transport Properties of Hydrogenated and Fluorinated Polynorbornene Dicarboximides
Authors: Vargas Joel , Santiago Arlette A. , Cruz‐Morales Jorge A. , Tlenkopatchev Mikhail A. , de Lys Tomás , López‐González Mar , Riande Evaristo 
Published: September 2013

The synthesis and further hydrogenation of fluorinated polynorbornene dicarboximides is reported, using p‐toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and Wilkinson's catalysts, respectively. Despite improving the resistance to thermo‐oxidative degradation, it is observed that the hydrogenation of the backbone double bonds in the polymer also decreases the thermomechanical properties. Afterward, a comparative study of gas transport in membranes based on these hydrogenated polynorbornenes, as well as in their unsaturated analogues, is carried out. The gases studied are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, and propylene. After hydrogenation, the gas permselectivity of the membranes is enhanced as a consequence of the decrease of both the gas solubility and the gas diffusion.
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Visual Analysis of Biological Activity Data with Scaffold Hunter
Authors: Klein Karsten , Koch Oliver , Kriege Nils , Mutzel Petra , Schäfer Till 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe growing interest in chemogenomics approaches over the last years has led to an increasing amount of data regarding chemical and the corresponding biological activity space. The resulting data, collected in either in‐house or public databases, need to be analyzed efficiently to speed‐up the increasingly difficult task of drug discovery. Unfortunately, the discovery of new chemical entities or new targets for known drugs (‘drug repurposing’) is not suitable to a fully automated analysis or a simple drill down process. Visual interactive interfaces that allow to explore chemical space in a systematic manner and facilitate analytical reasoning can help to overcome these problems. Scaffold Hunter is a tool for the visual analysis of chemical compound databases that provides integrated visualization and analysis of biological activity data and fosters the interactive exploration of data imported from a variety of sources. We describe the features and illustrate the use by means of an exemplary analysis workflow.
Effects of n‐3 PUFA on the CD4+ type 2 helper T‐cell‐mediated immune responses in Fat‐1 mice
Authors: Jang Hyun‐Young , Lim Kyu , Lee Sang‐Myeong , Park Byung‐Hyun 
Published: September 2013

ScopeIt has been suggested that n‐3 PUFA can be used as a preventive or therapeutic strategy to control allergic asthma. But little is known about the exact mechanisms by which n‐3 PUFA modulates it. Here, the effects of elevated n‐3 PUFA on ovalbumin (OVA) induced airway inflammation were investigated using Fat‐1 transgenic mice that can convert n‐6 PUFA to n‐3 PUFA endogenously.Methods and resultsFirst, we tested whether Fat‐1 expression modulates CD4+ T‐cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro and found that the Fat‐1 expression attenuated all of these CD4+ T‐cell responses by suppression of T‐cell receptor mediated signaling and cytokine‐mediated phosphorylation of STATs. When the Fat‐1 mice were sensitized and challenged with the OVA, they showed a significant decrease in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into airway, the production of Th2 cytokines, eotaxin, and mucin in the lung, and the concentration of OVA‐specific IgE in the serum. Furthermore, the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th2 was also decreased in the spleen of Fat‐1 mice.ConclusionOur results showed that an elevated level of n‐3 PUFA was effective in preventing allergic airway inflammation by modulating the activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells in Fat‐1 mice.
Reproducibility study of four‐dimensional flow MRI of arterial and portal venous liver hemodynamics: Influence of spatio‐temporal resolution
Authors: Stankovic Zoran , Jung Bernd , Collins Jeremy , Russe Maximilian F. , Carr James , Euringer Wulf , Stehlin Lena , Csatari Zoltan , Strohm Peter C. , Langer Mathias , Markl Michael 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo evaluate influence of variation in spatio‐temporal resolution and scan‐rescan reproducibility on three‐dimensional (3D) visualization and quantification of arterial and portal venous (PV) liver hemodynamics at four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI.MethodsScan‐rescan reproducibility of 3D hemodynamic analysis of the liver was evaluated in 10 healthy volunteers using 4D flow MRI at 3T with three different spatio‐temporal resolutions (2.4 × 2.0 × 2.4 mm3, 61.2 ms; 2.5 × 2.0 × 2.4 mm3, 81.6 ms; 2.6 × 2.5 × 2.6 mm3, 80 ms) and thus different total scan times. Qualitative flow analysis used 3D streamlines and time‐resolved particle traces. Quantitative evaluation was based on maximum and mean velocities, flow volume, and vessel lumen area in the hepatic arterial and PV systems.Results4D flow MRI showed good interobserver variability for assessment of arterial and PV liver hemodynamics. 3D flow visualization revealed limitations for the left intrahepatic PV branch. Lower spatio‐temporal resolution resulted in underestimation of arterial velocities (mean 15%, P < 0.05). For the PV system, hemodynamic analyses showed significant differences in the velocities for intrahepatic portal vein vessels (P < 0.05). Scan‐rescan reproducibility was good except for flow volumes in the arterial system.Conclusion4D flow MRI for assessment of liver hemodynamics can be performed with low interobserver variability and good reproducibility. Higher spatio‐temporal resolution is necessary for complete assessment of the hepatic blood flow required for clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 72:477–484, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying newly approved medications in Medicare claims data: a case study using tocilizumab
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Xie Fenglong , Chen Rui , Chen Lang , Kilgore Meredith L , Lewis James D. , Yun Huifeng , Zhang Jie , Wright Nicole C. , Delzell Elizabeth 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundAfter U.S. licensure, parenterally administered medications are identified using non‐specific drug codes. Accurately identifying these medications is critical to safety and effectiveness research. Methods to identify medications prior to assignment of specific drug codes have not been well described.ObjectivesTo describe a generalized approach using non‐specific drug codes to identify parenteral therapies in Medicare claims and to assess the ability of that approach to identify tocilizumab (TCZ), a new biologic agent approved in 2010.MethodsWe used 2008–2010 Medicare data for a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients for algorithm development. Our algorithm classified non‐specific drug codes based upon: 1) ICD9 codes; 2) unit values (i.e. dose); 3) codes for infusion/injection procedures; 4) expected versus observed total reimbursement amount and reimbursement per unit. We assessed algorithm performance by linking to an arthritis registry to examine external validity.ResultsOf 472 803 claims with non‐specific drug codes, 9762 claims satisfied the TCZ algorithm. 74.3% of 9762 claims were classified as TCZ by exact unit price or allowed amount, 4.4% by unique doses, 21.3% by diagnosis code and small deviation from unit price or allowed amount. The algorithm demonstrated good performance characteristics: sensitivity 94% (95% CI 80–99), specificity 100% (99–100) and PPV 97% (84–100).ConclusionClaims‐based algorithms in Medicare or similar data systems can accurately identify newly approved biologics administered parenterally prior to the assignment of specific drug codes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal detection on spontaneous reports of adverse events following immunisation: a comparison of the performance of a disproportionality‐based algorithm and a time‐to‐onset‐based algorithm
Authors: van Holle Lionel , Bauchau Vincent 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeDisproportionality methods measure how unexpected the observed number of adverse events is. Time‐to‐onset (TTO) methods measure how unexpected the TTO distribution of a vaccine‐event pair is compared with what is expected from other vaccines and events. Our purpose is to compare the performance associated with each method.MethodsFor the disproportionality algorithms, we defined 336 combinations of stratification factors (sex, age, region and year) and threshold values of the multi‐item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS). For the TTO algorithms, we defined 18 combinations of significance level and time windows. We used spontaneous reports of adverse events recorded for eight vaccines. The vaccine product labels were used as proxies for true safety signals. Algorithms were ranked according to their positive predictive value (PPV) for each vaccine separately; amedian rank was attributed to each algorithm across vaccines.ResultsThe algorithm with the highest median rank was based on TTO with a significance level of 0.01 and a time window of 60 days after immunisation. It had an overall PPV 2.5 times higher than for the highest‐ranked MGPS algorithm, 16th rank overall, which was fully stratified and had a threshold value of 0.8. A TTO algorithm with roughly the same sensitivity as the highest‐ranked MGPS had better specificity but longer time‐to‐detection.ConclusionsWithin the scope of this study, the majority of the TTO algorithms presented a higher PPV than for any MGPS algorithm. Considering the complementarity of TTO and disproportionality methods, a signal detection strategy combining them merits further investigation. © 2013 GlaxoSmithKline. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.