bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It’s changing our lives, not for the better. It’s important that we have a say”. The role of young people in informing public health and policy decisions about gambling marketing
Authors: Pitt Hannah , McCarthy Simone , Randle Melanie , Arnot Grace , Daube Mike , Thomas Samantha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Marketing has a significant impact on the normalisation of gambling for youth across the globe. This has included shaping positive attitudes towards gambling, as well as increasing the social and cultural acceptance of gambling – particularly aligned with valued activities such as sport. Because of this, public health experts argue that gambling marketing poses a significant risk to the health and wellbeing of youth. While young people are increasingly exposed to, and impacted by marketing for gambling products, they are rarely consulted about policy issues and options. This study aimed to explore young Australians’ perceptions of current policy responses to gambling advertising, whether they thought young people should be involved in discussions and decisions about gambling marketing regulations, and their perceptions of the duty of governments to protect young people from gambling industry marketing strategies.

Methods
Qualitative focus groups (n = 22) were held with n = 64, 12–17 year olds in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales. Participants were asked to reflect on current gambling policies, particularly relating to marketing, what they thought should be done about gambling marketing, and if and how young people should be included in public health responses to gambling. An interpretivist ‘Big Q’ approach to reflexive thematic analysis was used.

Results
Young people highlighted the need for more effective regulations around the content and frequency of gambling marketing. They also wanted to see more realistic representations of the negative impacts of gambling to counter persistent positive commercial marketing messages. Most thought that young people should be given an opportunity to have a say about responses to gambling due to their unique experiences. Participants identified mechanisms to increase young people’s engagement in decision making, such as direct lines of communication to different levels of government, involvement in research, and diversifying ways of engagement. Specific recommendations included more regulatory action such as bans on gambling advertising.

Conclusions
Creating formal structures that facilitate the inclusion of young people’s perspectives in decisions made about gambling can result in more innovative and effective strategies to prevent the harms from gambling industry products, promotions, and practices.
Validity of the Chinese multimorbidity-weighted index in measuring disease burden using health check-ups data in primary care
Authors: Lai Ying-Si , Gao Xin-Yuan , Hu Wei-Hua , Liu Yi-Xuan , Zhang Yong-Jin , Liu Jia-Cong , Yang Chun , Liao Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
As multimorbidity becomes common that imposes a considerable burden to patients, but the extent to which widely-used multimorbidity indexes can be applied to quantify disease burden using primary care data in China is not clear. We applied the Chinese Multimorbidity-Weighted Index (CMWI) to health check-ups data routinely collected among older adults by primary care, to examine its validity in measuring multimorbidity associated risks of disability and mortality in annual follow-ups.

Methods
The study utilized data from annual health check-ups of older adults, which included information on individual age, sex, and 14 health conditions at primary care in a district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The risk of CMWI for mortality was analysed in a total sample of 45,009 persons 65 years and older between 2014 and 2020 (average 2.70-year follow-up), and the risk for disability was in a subsample of 18,320 older adults free of physical impairment in 2019 and followed-up in 2020. Risk of death and disability were assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression and binary logistic regression, respectively, with both models adjusted for age and sex variables. The model fit was assessed by the Akaike information criterion (AIC), and C-statistic or the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
One unit increase in baseline-CMWI (Median= 1.70, IQR: 1.30-3.00) was associated with higher risk in subsequent disability (OR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.05,1.20) and mortality (OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.14, 1.22). Participants in the top tertile of CMWI had 99% and 152% increased risks of disability and mortality than their counterparts in the bottom tertile. Model fit was satisfied with adequate AUC (0.84) or C-statistic (0.76) for both outcomes.

Conclusions
CMWI, calculated based on primary care’s routine health check-ups data, provides valid estimates of disability and mortality risks in older adults. This validated tool can be used to quantity and monitor older patients’ health risks in primary care.
Association of vision and hearing impairment and dietary diversity among the oldest old in China: findings from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey
Authors: Shen Xinyue , Chen Xuhao , Chen Xiaohong , Li Zhidong , Lin Junxiong , Huang Haishun , Xie Rui , Li Yiqing , Zhu Yingting , Zhuo Yehong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The presence of sensory impairment among older age cohorts exerts a significant impact on both individuals and society generally. Although the impact of dietary patterns on health is vital across all stages of life, there still a paucity of comprehensive research on the association between dietary variety and sensory impairments.

Objective
To investigate the potential relationship between dietary diversity and the prevalence of visual and hearing impairment or dual sensory impairments (visual and hearing impairment) among the oldest old population.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study relied on data obtained from the 2018 survey conducted by the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Subjects aged 80 and older with complete vision and hearing data were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between dietary components and visual and hearing impairment while controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic demographic factors, living habits, other food habits, and general health status.

Results
The study included 10,093 participants, with an average age of 92.29 ± 7.75 years. Vision and hearing function were assessed based on the ability to distinguish the direction of the break in the circle and the requirement for hearing aids, respectively. Upon controlling for confounding variables, individuals with a greater Dietary Diversity Score (DDS, the number of food groups, range: 1–11) had a reduced likelihood of experiencing visual impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.944, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.915—0.974) and dual sensory impairment (OR = 0.930, 95% CI, 0.905—0.955). In comparison to the low dietary variety group (insufficient dietary diversity, DDS < 4), the high dietary diversity group (sufficient dietary diversity, DDS ≥ 4) exhibited a decreased risk of visual impairment (OR = 0.820, 95% CI, 0.713—0.944) and dual sensory impairment (OR = 0.751, 95% CI, 0.667—0.846). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between dietary diversity and the presence of only hearing impairment (OR = 0.924, 95% CI, 0.815—1.047) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions and implications
The synthesis of research findings suggests that following diverse dietary patterns and healthy nutritional practices may be an effective and affordable way to prevent age-related decline in visual impairment and dual sensory impairment.
Fermented foods and probiotic consumption frequency as protective indicators for peri-implant diseases – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sahin Tugba 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Due to their modulatory effect on biofilm growth, bacterial gene expressions, and host-modulation effects, fermented foods and probiotic products could potentially have a protective role against peri-implant diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of consumption of fermented foods and products containing probiotics, with peri-implant health and diseases.

Methods
A total of 126 implants were included. The peri-implant health status (peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implant health) was assessed through Chicago’s Classification of periodontal and peri-implant Diseases and Conditions. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the consumption patterns of fermented and probiotic foods and product. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare the 3 peri-implant conditions categories in terms of fermented food and probiotic consumption.

Results
There were significant differences in the daily and general consumption of yogurt, probiotic yogurt, kefir, ayran, vinegar, pomegranate syrup, whole meal bread, and homemade butter among peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implant health (p < 0.05). The peri-implant health group consumed significantly more yogurt, kefir, ayran, vinegar, whole wheat bread, and homemade butter than peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.

Conclusion
A higher consumption of fermented and probiotic foods may be associated with peri-implant health. Fermented and probiotic products may be useful for prevention of peri-implant diseases in patients with implants.
Network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the role and potential mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhan Xiangyang , Li Haoze , Jin Jingyun , Ju Xiran , Gao Jiawei , Chen Xinglin , Yuan Fuwen , Gu Jianyi , Xu DongLiang , Ju Guanqun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the anti-tumor effector of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (LWDHD) in prostate cancer (PCa) and explore the potential mechanism using experimental validation, network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and molecular docking.

Methods
CCK test, Clone formation assay and wound-healing assays were used to determine the effect of LWDHD on prostate cancer growth and metastasis. The active ingredients and targets of LWDHD were obtained from the TCMSP database, and the relevant targets were selected by GeneCards, OMIM and DisGeNET databases for PCa. The cross-targets of drugs and disease were imported into the STRING database to construct protein interactions. The network was also visualized using Cytoscape software and core targets are screened using the Network Analyzer plug-in. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were analyzed using R software. TCGA database was used to analyze the correlation of bioinformatics genes. AutoDock vina was used to predict the molecular docking and binding ability of active ingredients to key targets. Through WB and q-PCR experiments, the above gene targets were detected to verify the effect of LWDHD on PCa.

Results
CCK and scratch tests confirmed that LWDHD could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells. Clone formation experiments showed that LWDHD inhibited the long-term proliferative capacity of PC3 cells. LWDHD and PCa had a total of 99 common targets, establishing a “drug-ingredient-common target” network. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, TP53 pathway, MYC, TNF pathway and other signaling pathways were found. Bioinformatics analysis showed that MYC gene was highly expressed and CCND1 and MAPK1 were low expressed in prostate cancer tissues. In addition, TP53, AKT1, MYC, TNF and CCND1 were positively correlated with MAPK1, among which AKT1 and CCND1 were most closely correlated with MAPK1. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol and other main active ingredients of LWDHD treatment for PCa were combined with core proteins MAPK1 and AKT1 well. WB and q-PCR results showed that LWDHD inhibited the expression of PI3K and AKT in PC3 cells.

Conclusion
The mechanism of LWDHD therapy for PCa is a multi-target and multi-pathway complex process, which may be related to the biological processes mediated by MAPK1 and AKT1 pathways, such as cell proliferation and inhibition of metastasis, and the regulation of signaling pathways. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be a central pathway of LWDHD to inhibit prostate cancer proliferation.
Motivation to work and attitudes towards retirement among physicians
Authors: Jung Franziska U. , Bodendieck Erik , Luppa Melanie , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The healthcare system is currently in a state of tension due to a shortage of physicians, the early retirement of health care professionals and an increasing need for care within an (aging) society. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine physicians’ attitudes towards retirement and possible influencing factors on their motivation to work.

Method
Data were collected as part of a baseline survey of a long-term study. The sample includes a variety of physicians (n = 625), working in outpatient or inpatient care, who have not yet reached the retirement age of 67. The primary outcome was to survey attitudes towards retirement using the Motivation to Work scale. Work-related characteristics (e.g., with regard to contract or working hour) as well as job satisfaction, overall health, and burnout were also included in the analyses (correlations and linear regression models).

Results
According to the results, sociodemographic characteristics are not significantly related to motivation to work, whereas the other parameters (satisfaction, health, and burnout) influence attitudes towards retirement significantly.

Conclusions
The results underline the need to improve the occupational conditions of physicians across different medical settings. More research is needed to understand physicians‘ decision-making with regard to retirement, especially in terms of work-related characteristics and differences.
Pharmacists’ attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration to optimise medication use in older patients in Switzerland: a survey study
Authors: Lüthold Renata Vidonscky , Cateau Damien , Jenkinson Stephen Philip , Streit Sven , Jungo Katharina Tabea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Collaboration between physicians and pharmacists facilitates the conduct of medication optimisation efforts. In the context of deprescribing, pharmacists’ roles are often described as making deprescribing recommendations to physicians. Little is known about factors associated with pharmacists’ willingness to make deprescribing recommendations and their interprofessional collaboration with physicians in Swiss primary care settings.

Objective
To explore pharmacists' perspectives on medication optimisation and deprescribing in older adults, and their preferences for interprofessional collaboration in Swiss primary care settings.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 1000 pharmacist members of the Swiss Pharmacists Association pharmaSuisse was invited to participate in a survey on medication optimisation, deprescribing, and interprofessional collaboration. The survey contained three case vignettes of multimorbid patients with polypharmacy aged ≥ 80 years old, with different levels of dependency in activities in daily living (ADL) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). For each case vignette, pharmacists were asked if and which medications they would deprescribe. We calculated proportions of pharmacists’ willingness to deprescribe by case vignette and performed a multilevel logistic regression to assess associations between CVD, ADL, and willingness to deprescribe.

Results
One hundred thirty-eight (14%) pharmacists responded to the survey: 113 (82%) were female, their mean age was 44 years (SD = 11), and 66% (n = 77) reported having never received any specific training on how to conduct structured medication reviews. Eighty-three (72%) pharmacists reported to be confident in identifying deprescribing opportunities. All pharmacists were willing to deprescribe ≥ 1 medication in all vignettes. Patients with CVD were at lower odds of having medications deprescribed (OR = 0.27, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.36). Willingness to deprescribe was lower with higher dependency in ADL (medium versus low dependency: OR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.54 to 0.87, high versus low dependency: OR = 0.72, 95%CI 0.56 to 0.91). However, the effect of dependency in ADL on willingness to deprescribe was significantly modified by the history of CVD. One hundred five pharmacists (97%) reported to interact with physicians to clarify questions regarding prescriptions at least once a week and 88 (81%) wished to be more involved in deprescribing and medication review.

Conclusion
Pharmacists were willing to make deprescribing suggestions for older patients with polypharmacy, but two-thirds reported having received no formal training on how to perform structured medication reviews. Pharmacists would like to be more involved in the process of medication review and deprescribing, which should be leveraged in the context of Swiss primary care settings.
Associations of phosphorus concentrations with medial arterial calcification in lower-extremity arteries and diabetic foot in people with diabetes: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Peishan , Li Qingxian , Tang Mingyu , Hu Xingyun , Tian Jing , Zhang Jianbin , Yang Chuan , Zhu Baile 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of blood phosphorus levels with the risk of developing medial arterial calcification (MAC) in lower-limb arteries and diabetic foot (DF) in diabetes patients. We sought to enhance the understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic complications and develop strategies to mitigate diabetes-related risks.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 701 diabetic patients from the Department of Endocrinology at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital (2019–2023). We utilized multimodel-adjusted logistic regression to investigate the associations of serum phosphorus levels and the risk of developing MAC and DF. Restricted cubic spline plots were employed to model the relationships, and threshold analysis was used to identify inflection points. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations across different demographics. The diagnostic utility of phosphorus concentrations was assessed via the C index, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results
Of the 701 patients (mean age 63.9 years; 401 (57.20%) were male), 333 (47.50%) had MAC, and 329 (46.93%) had DF. After controlling for numerous confounding variables, each one-unit increase in phosphorus concentrations was associated with an increased risk of developing MAC (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.97–3.57, p < 0.001) and DF (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09–2.18, p = 0.014). Phosphorus levels demonstrated a linear risk association, with risk not being uniform on either side of the inflection point, which was approximately 3.28 mg/dL for MAC and varied for DF (3.26 to 3.81 mg/dL). Adding the phosphorus as an independent component to the diagnostic model for MAC and DF increased the C index, NRI, and IDI to varying degrees.

Conclusions
Elevated serum phosphorus levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of developing MAC and DF among diabetic people. These findings suggest that phosphorus management could be integrated into routine diagnostic processes to improve the identification and management of lower-extremity diabetic complications.

Graphical abstract
Enzyme/ROS dual-sensitive nanoplatform with on-demand Celastrol release capacity for enhanced ulcerative colitis therapy by ROS scavenging, microbiota rebalancing, inflammation alleviating
Authors: Shi Jinfeng , Zhou Jiahui , Liu Bo , Lin Kezhou , Xie Xingliang , Han Xue , Sheng Yanmei , Liu Yihan , He Congjian , Zhou Yujin , Zhu Nan , Yang Qian , Luo Ruifeng , Li Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The oral administration of drugs for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) is hindered by several factors, including inadequate gastrointestinal stability, insufficient accumulation in colonic lesions, and uncontrolled drug release.

Methods
A multiple sensitive nano-delivery system comprising β-cyclodextrin (CD) and 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (PAPE) with enzyme/reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity was developed to load celastrol (Cel) as a comprehensive treatment for UC.

Results
Owing to the positive charge in the site of inflamed colonic mucosa, the negatively charged nanomedicine (Cel/NPs) could efficiently accumulate. Expectedly, Cel/NPs showed excellent localization ability to colon in vitro and in vivo tests. The elevated concentration of ROS and intestinal enzymes in the colon microenvironment quickly break the CD, resulting in Cel release partially to rebalance microbiota and recover the intestinal barrier. The accompanying cellular internalization of residual Cel/NPs, along with the high concentration of cellular ROS to trigger Cel burst release, could decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, inhibit colonic cell apoptosis, promote the macrophage polarization, scavenge ROS, and regulate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which certified that Cel/NPs possessed a notably anti-UC therapy outcome.

Conclusions
We provide a promising strategy for addressing UC symptoms via an enzyme/ROS-sensitive oral platform capable of releasing drugs on demand.

Graphical Abstract
Signaling dynamics in coexisting monoclonal cell subpopulations unveil mechanisms of resistance to anti-cancer compounds
Authors: Blanchard Claire E. , Gomeiz Alison T. , Avery Kyle , Gazzah Emna El , Alsubaie Abduljalil M. , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Chiari Ylenia , Ward Chelsea , Sanchez Jonathan , Espina Virginia , Petricoin Emanuel , Baldelli Elisa , Pierobon Mariaelena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumor heterogeneity is a main contributor of resistance to anti-cancer targeted agents though it has proven difficult to study. Unfortunately, model systems to functionally characterize and mechanistically study dynamic responses to treatment across coexisting subpopulations of cancer cells remain a missing need in oncology.

Methods
Using single cell cloning and expansion techniques, we established monoclonal cell subpopulations (MCPs) from a commercially available epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer cell line. We then used this model sensitivity to the EGFR inhibitor osimertinib across coexisting cell populations within the same tumor. Pathway-centered signaling dynamics associated with response to treatment and morphological characteristics of the MCPs were assessed using Reverse Phase Protein Microarray. Signaling nodes differentially activated in MCPs less sensitive to treatment were then pharmacologically inhibited to identify target signaling proteins putatively implicated in promoting drug resistance.

Results
MCPs demonstrated highly heterogeneous sensitivities to osimertinib. Cell viability after treatment increased > 20% compared to the parental line in selected MCPs, whereas viability decreased by 75% in other MCPs. Reduced treatment response was detected in MCPs with higher proliferation rates, EGFR L858R expression, activation of EGFR binding partners and downstream signaling molecules, and expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. Levels of activation of EGFR binding partners and MCPs’ proliferation rates were also associated with response to c-MET and IGFR inhibitors.

Conclusions
MCPs represent a suitable model system to characterize heterogeneous biomolecular behaviors in preclinical studies and identify and functionally test biological mechanisms associated with resistance to targeted therapeutics.