bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypical features of acinar cell neoplasms of the pancreas
Authors: Sigel Carlie S. , Klimstra David S. 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDAcinar cell neoplasms of the pancreas are rare but when encountered, the diagnosis is often established based on cytology specimens. Diagnostic accuracy is important because acinar cell carcinomas are aggressive yet may mimic tumors with different outcomes and management.METHODSThe authors identified all patients with a diagnosis of acinar cell neoplasm in the institutional database; assessed cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry for trypsin, chymotrypsin, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and MIB‐1; and compared all cytology and final histological diagnoses for diagnostic discrepancies.RESULTSCytological features were described for 16 histologically proven malignant acinar cell neoplasms: acinar cell carcinoma (8 cases), mixed acinar‐neuroendocrine carcinoma (6 cases), mixed acinar‐ductal carcinoma (1 case), and pancreatoblastoma (1 case).The majority of aspirates from acinar cell cystadenomas were nondiagnostic or negative (5 of 6 cases; 83%). Acinar and neuroendocrine differentiation that was detected by immunocytochemistry in >20% of tumor cells was found to be correlated with mixed acinar‐neuroendocrine carcinoma histology. Cytohistological correlation included 32 patients with 17 discordant diagnoses (53%). The following preoperative cytology diagnoses proved to be acinar cell neoplasms on resection: neuroendocrine tumor (5 cases), adenocarcinoma (5 cases), atypical ductal cells (2 cases), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Three aspirates diagnosed as acinar cell carcinoma by cytology proved to be chronic pancreatitis (2 cases) and ductal adenocarcinoma (1 case).CONCLUSIONSAcinar cell carcinoma has a distinctive cytological appearance but is frequently misdiagnosed on cytology. Immunocytochemistry is useful for identifying acinar differentiation. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:459–70. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Detection of EGFR mutations and EML4‐ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinomas using archived cytological slides
Authors: Mitiushkina Natalia V. , Iyevleva Aglaya G. , Poltoratskiy Artiom N. , Ivantsov Alexandr O. , Togo Alexandr V. , Polyakov Igor S. , Orlov Sergey V. , Matsko Dmitry E. , Novik Viktor I. , Imyanitov Evgeny N. 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDAlthough the molecular analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in archived lung cancer tissues is relatively well established, the genetic testing of cytological material has not yet become a routine.METHODSThe current study used cell samples that were obtained by bronchial brushing, transthoracic needle aspiration, or biopsy imprint preparation between 1993 and 2008. Islets of malignant cells were visually located on the archived cytological slides, lysed in situ by a drop of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐containing buffer, and subjected to the standard DNA and RNA extraction. Examination of paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks (resection specimens or biopsy material) from the same patients was performed in parallel.RESULTSA total of 75 cytological/histological lung adenocarcinoma sample pairs underwent polymerase chain reaction analysis for the EGFR mutation. Two cytological samples and 1 morphological sample failed to produce DNA. Concordance for the wild‐type and mutation status was observed in 54 of 72 and 14 of 72 informative pairs, respectively; 3 pairs and 1 pair, respectively, had mutation only in the cytological or histological material. The discrepancies could be explained by the failure to ensure a high percentage of lung cancer cells in the analyzed samples or, alternatively, by the genuine intratumoral molecular heterogeneity of some neoplasms. RNA extraction followed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis for the EML4‐ALK translocation was performed for 44 EGFR mutation‐negative sample pairs; failures were observed for 2 cytological and 6 histological specimens. All informative pairs were concordant either for the norm (32 of 36 pairs) or for the presence of EML4‐ALK gene fusion (4 of 36 pairs).CONCLUSIONSArchived cytological slides appear to be well suited both for EGFR and ALK analysis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:370–376. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
IL‐33 causes selective mast cell tolerance to bacterial cell wall products by inducing IRAK1 degradation
Authors: Sandig Hilary , Jobbings Catherine E. , Roldan Nestor Gonzalez , Whittingham‐Dowd Jayde K. , Orinska Zane , Takeuchi Osamu , Akira Shizuo , Bulfone‐Paus Silvia 
Published: February 2013

Mast cells are important cellular constituents of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, densely located at sites of microbial entry into the host where they are continuously exposed to products from commensals. In order to avoid excessive activation and the associated pathology, mast cell responses to TLR agonists must be tightly regulated. Here, we show that exposure in vitro to subactivating levels of the epithelial cell product, IL‐33, renders mast cells insensitive to bacterial cell wall products. Mast cell responsiveness to Ag, cytoplasmic dsDNA, and TLR7/8 agonists is unaffected or enhanced by IL‐33. The IL‐33–induced mast cell selective tolerance requires the IL‐33 receptor ST2 and peritoneal mast cells from St2−/− mice display a constitutively activated phenotype, demonstrated by increased expression of activation markers including CD11b and CD28. IL‐33 exposure neither affects the levels of TLR4, MyD88, TIRAP, IL‐1R associated kinase 2 (IRAK2), or IRAK4, nor induces persistent A20 or Tollip expression, but potently causes ST2‐dependent IRAK1 degradation. We show that while IRAK2 is redundant for TLR4 signaling, IRAK1 is essential for TLR4 signaling in mast cells. We suggest that IL‐33 produced during homeostasis retains mast cells in an unresponsive state to bacterial cell wall products via IRAK1 degradation, thus preventing chronic inflammation and tissue destruction.
Orientation and Polarized Optical Emission Properties of Platinum(II) Complexes in Smectic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Awano Hiroshi , Katagiri Hiroshi , Pu Yong‐Jin , Takahashi Tatsuhiro , Yonetake Koichiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe have prepared a series of platinum complexes with a rodlike ligand and smectic (Sm) liquid crystals (LCs) to demonstrate polarized phosphorescence. The ligands for the Pt complexes “12F2PPyO8” [2‐(4′‐dodecyl‐5′,6′‐difluorophenyl)‐5‐octyloxypyridinato‐N,C2′] and “12F2PPyO12” [2‐(4′‐dodecyl‐5′,6′‐difluorophenyl)‐5‐dodecyloxypyridinato‐N,C2′] with long alkyl and alkoxy chains exhibited the Smectic A (SmA) phase, however no liquid crystallinity was evident in Pt complexes with LC ligands. The host LCs 1‐(4‐butyl‐2,3‐difluoro‐phenyl)‐4‐(trans‐4‐pentylcyclohexyl)benzene (4F2PPCH5) and 2‐(2,3‐difluoro‐4‐hexylphenyl)‐6‐octyloxynaphthalene (6F2PNaO8) with long flexible chains showed wide SmA phase temperature ranges. Pt complex/Sm LC mixtures were oriented on rubbed polyimide substrates or by applying a magnetic field. The orientation coefficients of the magneto‐oriented samples were recorded to be over 0.6 in the Sm LC temperature range. The oriented samples exhibited polarized optical emissions assigned to the monomer and excimer states, which were perpendicular to the orientation direction. This indicates that the transition dipole moment of the Pt complex is oriented from the ligand to the Pt atom. Pt complexes with rodlike ligands with long alkyl and alkoxy chains and host Sm LC with such chains are much more likely to obtain high order parameters and generate highly polarized optical emissions. In the mixtures, the polarization ratios of the monomer and excimer in the SmA phase were estimated to be approximately 2.5–2.9 and 4.6–5.4, respectively.
An Experimental and Theoretical Approach to the Photophysical Properties of Some Rh and Ir Complexes Incorporating the Dipyrromethene Ligand
Authors: Ramlot Diane , Rebarz Mateusz , Volker Leen , Ovaere Margriet , Beljonne David , Dehaen Wim , Van Meervelt Luc , Moucheron Cécile , Kirsch‐De Mesmaeker Andrée 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRh and Ir complexes that contain meso‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)dipyrromethene (dipy) and phenylpyridine (ppy) ligands {i.e., [Rh(dipy)3], [Rh(ppy)2(dipy)] and [Ir(ppy)2(dipy)]} have been prepared and their electrochemical and luminescence behaviour are discussed and compared to results of theoretical calculations. The oxidation and reduction potentials, in agreement with the time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT calculations, indicate clearly that the HOMO–LUMO transitions are governed by the dipy ligand, which controls also the triplet excited‐state emission. However, in luminescence, the two Rh complexes exhibit, in addition to a dipy‐centred triplet emission, luminescence from the singlet excited state, which predominates at room temperature, due to a less important influence of the heavy‐metal effect in Rh than in Ir complexes. Although the TD‐DFT results are in very good agreement with the experimental emission spectra from the dipy‐centred triplet excited state, this is not the case for the absorption spectra of the complexes and free dipy ligand.
Slow slip and tremor search at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
Authors: Montgomery‐Brown E. K. , Thurber C. H. , Wolfe C. J. , Okubo P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractKilauea Volcano, Hawaii, has hosted a long series of slow slip events observed since the installation of the continuous GPS network in 1996. Kilauea's slow slip events are inferred to occur on the decollement fault at 8 km depth beneath its south flank, with a location updip of the epicenters of large, regular earthquakes. Fault slip typically lasts about two days, and the events have magnitudes equivalent to Mw 5.3–6.0. While slow slip events in subduction zones are commonly accompanied by tectonic tremor (also called nonvolcanic tremor), no tremor has yet been reported in association with Kilauea's slow slip events. Instead, there are swarms of small triggered earthquakes, which is a characteristic only seen at select subduction zones (e.g., Boso and Hikurangi). A temporary array of seismometers was installed at Kilauea in 2007 in anticipation of a slow slip event. Here we use several established methods to perform a systematic search for tectonic tremor during geodetically defined slow slip events, as well as searching for tremor triggered by teleseismic surface waves. We do not detect tectonic tremor using any of these methods, although we are able to detect episodes of previously identified deep offshore volcanic tremor at 15–20 km depth and volcanic tremor from Kilauea. Although Kilauea's seismic network may not be adequate to observe tectonic tremor because Hawaii is seismically noisy and its crust is highly attenuating, it is also possible that the specific fault conditions on Kilauea's decollement are not conducive to such tremor generation.
Mantle temperature under drifting deformable continents during the supercontinent cycle
Authors: Yoshida Masaki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe thermal heterogeneity of the Earth's mantle under the drifting continents during a supercontinent cycle is a controversial issue in earth science. Here, a series of numerical simulations of mantle convection are performed in 3‐D spherical‐shell geometry, incorporating drifting deformable continents and self‐consistent plate tectonics, to evaluate the subcontinental mantle temperature during a supercontinent cycle. Results show that the laterally averaged temperature anomaly of the subcontinental mantle remains within several tens of degrees (±50°C) throughout the simulation time. Even after the formation of the supercontinent and the development of subcontinental plumes due to the subduction of the oceanic plates, the laterally averaged temperature anomaly of the deep mantle under the continent is within +10°C. This implies that there is no substantial temperature difference between the subcontinental and suboceanic mantles during a supercontinent cycle. The temperature anomaly immediately beneath the supercontinent is generally positive owing to the thermal insulation effect and the active upwelling plumes from the core‐mantle boundary. In the present simulation, the formation of a supercontinent causes the laterally averaged subcontinental temperature to increase by a maximum of 50°C, which would produce sufficient tensional force to break up the supercontinent. The regular periodicity of the supercontinent cycles observed in previous 2‐D and 3‐D simulation models with rigid nondeformable continents and without self‐consistent plate tectonics is not confirmed.
Deficiency of intestinal mucin-2 ameliorates experimental alcoholic liver disease in mice
Authors: Hartmann Phillipp , Chen Peng , Wang Hui J. , Wang Lirui , McCole Declan F. , Brandl Katharina , Stärkel Peter , Belzer Clara , Hellerbrand Claus , Tsukamoto Hidekazu , Ho Samuel B. , Schnabl Bernd 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The intestinal mucus layer protects the epithelium from noxious agents, viruses, and pathogenic bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract. It is composed of mucins, predominantly mucin (Muc) 2, secreted by goblet cells of the intestine. Experimental alcoholic liver disease requires translocation of bacterial products across the intestinal barrier into the systemic circulation, which induces an inflammatory response in the liver and contributes to steatohepatitis. We investigated the roles of the intestinal mucus layer, and in particular Muc2, in development of experimental alcohol-associated liver disease in mice. We studied experimental alcohol-induced liver disease, induced by the Tsukamoto-French method (which involves continuous intragastric feeding of an isocaloric diet or alcohol) in wild-type and Muc2−/− mice. Muc2−/− mice showed less alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis than developed in wild-type mice. Most notably, Muc2−/− mice had significantly lower plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide than wild-type mice after alcohol feeding. In contrast to wild-type mice, Muc2−/− mice were protected from alcohol-associated microbiome changes that are dependent on intestinal mucins. The antimicrobial proteins regenerating islet-derived 3 beta and gamma were expressed at significantly higher levels in the jejunum of Muc2−/− mice fed the isocaloric diet or alcohol compared with wild-type mice. Consequently, Muc2−/− mice showed increased killing of commensal bacteria and prevented intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Conclusion: Muc2−/− mice are protected from intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis in response to alcohol feeding. Subsequently, lower amounts of bacterial products such as endotoxin translocate into the systemic circulation, decreasing liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;)
Early biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term prognosis of primary biliary cirrhosis: Results of a 14-year cohort study
Authors: Zhang Li-Na , Shi Tian-Yan , Shi Xu-Hua , Wang Li , Yang Yun-Jiao , Liu Bin , Gao Li-Xia , Shuai Zong-Wen , Kong Fang , Chen Hua , Han Wei , Han Shao-Mei , Fei Yun-Yun , Cui Quan-Cai , Wang Qian , Shen Min , Xu Dong , Zheng Wen-Jie , Li Yong-Zhe , Zhang Wen , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Feng-Chun 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in primary biliary cirrhosis is a strong predictor of long-term outcome and thus facilitates the rapid identification of patients needing new therapeutic approaches. Numerous criteria for predicting outcome of treatment have been studied based on biochemical response to UDCA at 1 year. We sought to determine whether an earlier biochemical response at 3 or 6 months could as efficiently identify patients at risk of poor outcome, as defined by liver-related death, liver transplantation, and complications of cirrhosis. We analyzed the prospectively collected data of 187 patients with a median follow-up of 5.8 years (range, 1.3-14 years). The survival rates without adverse outcome at 5 years and 10 years were 86% and 63%. Under UDCA therapy, laboratory liver parameters experienced the most prominent improvement in the first 3 months (P < 0.0001) and then stayed relatively stable for the following months. The Paris, Barcelona, Toronto, and Ehime definitions, but not the Rotterdam definition, applied at 3, 6, and 12 months significantly discriminated the patients in terms of long-term outcome. Compared with biochemical responses evaluated after 1 year of UDCA therapy, biochemical responses at the third month demonstrated higher positive predictive value (PPV) but lower negative predictive value (NPV) and increased negative likelihood ratio (NLR) by all definitions; biochemical responses at the sixth month showed higher or the same PPV and NPV and lower NLR by all definitions. Conclusion: For the previously published criteria, biochemical responses at the sixth month can be used in place of those evaluated after 1 year of UDCA therapy. Our findings justify a more rapid identification of patients who need new therapeutic approaches. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Magnetic resonance scan‐time reduction using echo prediction
Authors: Paul Joseph S. , Prasad Manu , Venkatesan Ramesh , Braun Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA linear prediction (LP) filter derived from a complete echo with zero‐phase encoding amplitude is used for recovering anatomical details from a partially acquired echo sequence. The LP filter is shown to reconstruct missing k‐space phase and amplitude information, with errors sufficiently low so as to provide image reconstruction with a contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) ≥ 3. For volume imaging using multislice acquisition, the partial‐echo sequence enables more number of slices to be acquired for a given repetition time period TR. For such sequences, separate predictors are used for reconstruction of missing k‐space data corresponding to each individual slice in the volume. The proposed filtering scheme is shown to achieve results comparable to other partial k‐space approaches such as singularity function analysis (SFA), when the noise content is less than about 0.4%. For higher noise levels, this technique is recommended as a preprocessing step for SFA to track the singularity locations more accurately. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 1–8, 2013
Wavelet‐based denoising and its impact on analytical SPECT reconstruction with nonuniform attenuation compensation
Authors: Wen Junhai , Li Yincen , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the nonstationary Poisson noise in projection data (sinogram) is a major cause of compromising the quality of reconstructed images. To improve the quality, we must suppress the Poisson noise in the sinogram before or during image reconstruction. However, the conventional space or frequency domain denoising methods will likely remove some information that is very important for accurate image reconstruction, especially for analytical SPECT reconstruction with compensation for nonuniform attenuation. As a time‐frequency analysis tool, wavelet transform has been widely used in the signal and image processing fields and demonstrated its powerful functions in the application of denoising. In this article, we studied the denoising abilities of wavelet‐based denoising method and the impact of the denoising on analytical SPECT reconstruction with nonuniform attenuation. Six popular wavelet‐based denoising methods were tested. The reconstruction results showed that the Revised BivaShrink method with complex wavelet is better than others in analytical SPECT reconstruction with nonuniform attenuation compensation. Meanwhile, we found that the effect of the Anscombe transform for denoising is not significant on the wavelet‐based denoising methods, and the wavelet‐based de‐noise methods can obtain good denoising result even if we do not use Anscombe transform. The wavelet‐based denoising methods are the good choice for analytical SPECT reconstruction with compensation for nonuniform attenuation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 36–43, 2013
Integrated segmentation of brain tumor images for radiotherapy and neurosurgery
Authors: Bauer Stefan , Lu Huanxiang , May Christian P. , Nolte Lutz‐P. , Büchler Philippe , Reyes Mauricio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSegmentation of brain tumor images is an important task in diagnosis and treatment planning for cancer patients. To achieve this goal with standard clinical acquisition protocols, conventionally, either classification algorithms are applied on multimodal MR images or atlas‐based segmentation is used on a high‐resolution monomodal MR image. These two approaches have been commonly regarded separately. We propose to integrate all the available imaging information into one framework to be able to use the information gained from the tissue classification of the multimodal images to perform a more precise segmentation on the high‐resolution monomodal image by atlas‐based segmentation. For this, we combine a state of the art regularized classification method with an enhanced version of an atlas‐registration approach including multiscale tumor‐growth modeling. This contribution offers the possibility to simultaneously segment subcortical structures in the patient by warping the respective atlas labels, which is important for neurosurgical planning and radiotherapy planning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 59–63, 2013
Theoretical design of vascular imaging based on hall effect
Authors: Pan Junjun , Zhang Jian J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe conceptual technique of vascular imaging and blood flow functional imaging based on Hall Effect is presented in this article. With this non‐invasive approach, both 3D anatomical imaging of the vasculature and functional imaging of blood flow in the deep structure of the human body can be obtained without radiation risk. The technique is based on the fact that the induced charges can be generated when the blood flows through the magnetic field. The induced electric field strength is measured by two groups of detector arrays, which captures not only the position of vasculature in each section, but also the velocity of blood flow and vessel size. The captured images can also be used for 3D reconstruction of the anatomical models. The designed system architecture including both hardware and software is described. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 85–96, 2013
Phenotypic Variability of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type V Caused by an IFITM
5 Mutation
Authors: Shapiro Jay R , Lietman Caressa , Grover Monica , Lu James T , Nagamani Sandesh CS , Dawson Brian C , Baldridge Dustin M , Bainbridge Matthew N , Cohn Dan H , Blazo Maria , Roberts Timothy T , Brennen Feng-Shu , Wu Yimei , Gibbs Richard A , Melvin Pamela , Campeau Philippe M , Lee Brendan H 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

In a large cohort of osteogenesis imperfecta type V (OI type V) patients (17 individuals from 12 families), we identified the same mutation in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 (IFITM5) gene by whole exome and Sanger sequencing (IFITM5 c.–14C &gt; T) and provide a detailed description of their phenotype. This mutation leads to the creation of a novel start codon adding five residues to IFITM5 and was recently reported in several other OI type V families. The variability of the phenotype was quite large even within families. Whereas some patients presented with the typical calcification of the forearm interosseous membrane, radial head dislocation and hyperplastic callus (HPC) formation following fractures, others had only some of the typical OI type V findings. Thirteen had calcification of interosseous membranes, 14 had radial head dislocations, 10 had HPC, 9 had long bone bowing, 11 could ambulate without assistance, and 1 had mild unilateral mixed hearing loss. The bone mineral density varied greatly, even within families. Our study thus highlights the phenotypic variability of OI type V caused by the IFITM5 mutation.