bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological–MRI correlation in the primary motor cortex of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Meadowcroft Mark D. , Mutic Nathan J. , Bigler Don C. , Wang Jian‐li , Simmons Zachary , Connor James R. , Yang Qing X. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo establish the relationship between ALS histopathology and quantitative MRI metrics.Materials and MethodsALS patients (N = 8) in advanced stages of the disease were enrolled and, immediately after death, the brain of each patient was removed. Freshly excised ALS tissue was imaged at 3.0 Tesla with T1 and T2 mapping protocols and subsequently stained with astrocyte, myelin, and neuronal markers. Measures of ALS histological stains were compared with the internal control (primary visual cortex) and longitudinal parametric maps.ResultsPost‐mortem T1‐weighted images demonstrate diminished contrast between gray and white matter and alterations in T1 relaxation within the primary motor cortex. An increase in astrocyte number and reactivity as well as evident neuronal loss, a decrease in axonal density, and unraveling of the myelin sheaths in subcortical white matter were found in the ALS primary motor cortex exhibiting significant T1 relaxation and contrast changes.ConclusionThis study provides a histopathological basis for differences in MR T1 contrast and relaxation seen in the ALS brain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:665–675. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T1rho MRI at 3T of menisci in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
Authors: Wang Ligong , Chang Gregory , Bencardino Jenny , Babb James S. , Rokito Andrew , Jazrawi Laith , Sherman Orrin , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo explore the feasibility of T1rho mapping of menisci at 3T in discriminating between patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and healthy controls.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three subjects were included in the study and subdivided into two subgroups: 16 healthy controls (4 females, 12 males; mean age = 34.4 ± 10.2 years, age range 24–63 years), 17 patients with ACL injury (3 females, 14 males; mean age = 29.8 ± 10.8 years, age range 18–61 years). T1rho images from all subjects were acquired on a 3T MR scanner using a spin‐lock‐based 3D GRE sequence and computed for T1rho mapping. Clinical proton density (PD)‐weighted fast spin echo (FSE) images in the sagittal (without fat saturation), axial, and coronal (fat‐saturated) planes were also acquired for cartilage assessment using Whole‐Organ MR Imaging Score (WORMS) grading. Mixed model two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine whether there were any significant differences among subregional, compartmental, and whole structure T1rho values of meniscus between healthy controls and ACL‐injured patients.ResultsLateral posterior (29 ± 8 msec) and medial central (25 ± 7 msec) meniscus subregions in healthy controls had significantly lower T1rho values (P < 0.05) than the corresponding meniscus subregions in ACL‐injured patients. Significantly lower meniscus T1rho values (P < 0.05) were also identified in lateral compartment in healthy controls (26 ± 6 msec) than that of ACL‐injured patients (33 ± 4 msec). Subjects' total WORMS between healthy controls and ACL‐injured patients had significant differences (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese preliminary results indicate that T1rho mapping is possibly feasible in detecting meniscus degeneration and may be useful in distinguishing ACL‐injured patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:544–549.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of cryogenic lubrication on the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V and Inconel 718 alloys under extreme contact conditions
Authors: Courbon C. , Pusavec F. , Dumont F. , Rech J. , Kopac J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe proposed paper is focusing on the influence of cryogenic lubrication on friction within the context of machining TiAl6V4 and Inconel 718 alloys with carbide cutting tools. Several wear improvements have been reported in the literature when using liquid or gas nitrogen as cooling‐lubrication fluids compared with dry machining or to conventional emulsion lubrication. However, it is always questionable whether cryogenic lubrication is responsible for a decrease in the cutting temperature or for a decrease in the friction coefficient at the contact interfaces and whether liquid nitrogen lubrication is more effective than gas nitrogen lubrication. In order to simulate the tribological conditions corresponding to those occurring at these interfaces under dry and cryogenic conditions, a specially designed open tribometer has been used to characterise macroscopic friction coefficient, heat transfer and adhesion in the contact for a large range of sliding velocities. Friction, cryogenic, superalloys, heat transfer and adhesion Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy and external dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Taşkıran Çömez Arzu , Karadağ Onur , Arıkan Sedat , Gencer Baran , Kara Selçuk 
Published: February 2014

Background and ObjectiveTo compare the success, complication, and patient discomfort rates of transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy (TCDL‐DCR) and external dacryocystorhinostomy (EX‐DCR) surgeries performed in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Materials and MethodsEighty consecutive patients were included in the study, and groups were assigned according to DCR technique. Thirty‐four (42.5%) patients received TCDL‐DCR (Group A) and 46 (57.5%) patients (Group B) received EX‐DCR with temporary silicone stent intubation. The success of surgery was determined by the relief of epiphora, patient satisfaction, endoscopic evaluation of ostium patency, and lacrimal system syringing. Pearson Chi‐Square test, Fisher's Exact test, and Student's t‐test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsGroup A included 22 females and 12 males with a mean age of 49.1 ± 15.1 years, Group B included 35 females and 11 males with a mean age of 50.8 ± 11.7 years. There was no difference between groups in terms of age and gender (P = 0.905 and P = 0.167, respectively). The duration of the operation was 22.2 ± 4.8 minutes for Group A, while it was 56.3 ± 15.7 minutes for group B (P = 0.0001). In two patients in Group A, injury in the medial turbinate was recorded, and in Group B, 14 patients experienced mild to severe perioperative bleeding. The perioperative complication rate was significantly different between the groups (P = 0.004).Success in relieving symptoms was 79.4% for Group A and 89.1% for Group B. The difference in the success rates was not statistically significant (P = 0.229).ConclusionsAlthough EX‐DCR success rate was higher than that achieved with TCDL‐DCR, the latter, with its shorter duration of surgery, lower perioperative complication rate, and a similar success rate, may be a good and acceptable surgical alternative in treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:275–280, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absence of C9ORF72 expanded or intermediate repeats in autopsy‐confirmed Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nuytemans Karen , Inchausti Vanessa , Beecham Gary W. , Wang Liyong , Dickson Dennis W. , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Mash Deborah C. , Frosch Matthew P. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Honig Lawrence S. , Montine Thomas J. , Dawson Ted M. , Martin Eden R. , Scott William K. , Vance Jeffery M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe have reported that intermediate repeat lengths of the C9ORF72 repeat are a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) in a clinically diagnosed data set. Because 10% to 25% of clinically diagnosed PD have different diagnoses upon autopsy, we hypothesized that this may reflect phenotypic heterogeneity or concomitant pathology of other neurodegenerative disorders.MethodsWe screened 488 autopsy‐confirmed PD cases for expansion haplotype tag rs3849942T. In 196 identified haplotype carriers, the C9ORF72 repeat was genotyped using the repeat‐primed polymerase chain reaction assay.ResultsNo larger (intermediate or expanded) repeats were found in these autopsy‐confirmed PD samples. This absence of larger repeats is significantly different from the frequency in clinically diagnosed datasets (P = 0.002).ConclusionsOur results suggest that expanded or intermediate C9ORF72 repeats in clinically diagnosed PD or parkinsonism might be an indication of heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed PD cases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential contribution of the C9ORF72 repeat to autopsy‐confirmed PD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Sural sparing pattern discriminates Guillain–Barré syndrome from its mimics
Authors: Derksen Angelika , Ritter Christian , Athar Parveen , Kieseier Bernd C. , Mancias Pedro , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Sheikh Kazim A. , Lehmann Helmar C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Electrodiagnostic features of demyelination are essential for establishing the diagnosis in demyelinating subtypes of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), but they may also occur in disorders that mimic GBS clinically. Information about their frequency in GBS mimics is sparse. Methods: Evaluation of electrodiagnostic features from 38 patients with suspected GBS in whom the diagnosis was later refuted (GBS mimics). Their diagnostic accuracy was analyzed by comparison with nerve conduction studies (NCS) from 73 confirmed GBS patients. Results: Disorders that mimicked GBS clinically at the time of hospital admission included other inflammatory, metabolic, toxic, or infectious neuropathies and spinal cord disorders. The sural sparing pattern was the most specific electrodiagnostic feature for demyelinating GBS. Conclusions: Common electrodiagnostic abnormalities in early demyelinating GBS do not usually exclude other rare differential diagnoses. An exception to this is the sural sparing pattern described here, which strongly supports the diagnosis of demyelinating GBS. Muscle Nerve 50: 780–784, 2014
Adjustments in the force–frequency relationship during passive and exercise‐induced hyperthermia
Authors: Périard Julien D. , Racinais Sebastien , Thompson Martin W. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We examined the extent to which fatiguing cycling exercise in the heat influences contractile function in modulating the force–frequency relationship. Methods: Before (∽37.0°C) and after (∽38.5°C) exercise (ExH) and passive (PaH) hyperthermia, an 8‐s train of stimulation at 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz (2 s per frequency) and a potentiated twitch were evoked on the relaxed knee extensors using percutaneous stimulation. Results: ExH and PaH produced a decrease in the 20:50 Hz force ratio, indicative of low‐frequency fatigue (P < 0.01). This adjustment was more pronounced after ExH than PaH (P < 0.01). A rightward displacement in the force–frequency relationship occurred after ExH and PaH (P < 0.05) and was exacerbated by ExH (P < 0.05). Peak twitch force also decreased after ExH (P < 0.05). Conclusions: ExH reduces force summation due to development of skeletal muscle fatigue, exacerbating the shift in force–frequency to the right relative to PaH. Muscle Nerve 50: 822–829, 2014
Hyperphagia: Current concepts and future directions proceedings of the 2nd international conference on hyperphagia
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Avena Nicole M. , Baier Leslie , Brantley Phillip , Bray George A. , Burnett Lisa C. , Butler Merlin G. , Driscoll Daniel J. , Egli Dieter , Elmquist Joel , Forster Janice L. , Goldstone Anthony P. , Gourash Linda M. , Greenway Frank L. , Han Joan C. , Kane James G. , Leibel Rudolph L. , Loos Ruth J.F. , Scheimann Ann O. , Roth Christian L. , Seeley Randy J. , Sheffield Val , Tauber Maïthé , Vaisse Christian , Wang Liheng , Waterland Robert A. , Wevrick Rachel , Yanovski Jack A. , Zinn Andrew R. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveHyperphagia is a central feature of inherited disorders (e.g., Prader–Willi Syndrome) in which obesity is a primary phenotypic component. Hyperphagia may also contribute to obesity as observed in the general population, thus raising the potential importance of common underlying mechanisms and treatments. Substantial gaps in understanding the molecular basis of inherited hyperphagia syndromes are present as are a lack of mechanistic of mechanistic targets that can serve as a basis for pharmacologic and behavioral treatments.Design and MethodsInternational conference with 28 experts, including scientists and caregivers, providing presentations, panel discussions, and debates.ResultsThe reviewed collective research and clinical experience provides a critical body of new and novel information on hyperphagia at levels ranging from molecular to population. Gaps in understanding and tools needed for additional research were identified.ConclusionsThis report documents the full scope of important topics reviewed at a comprehensive international meeting devoted to the topic of hyperphagia and identifies key areas for future funding and research.
Suppression of Hedgehog signalling promotes pro‐tumourigenic integrin expression and function
Authors: Moutasim Karwan A , Mellows Toby , Mellone Massimiliano , Lopez Marie‐Antoinette , Tod Joanne , Kiely Philip C , Sapienza Karen , Greco Azzura , Neill Graham W , Violette Shelia , Weinreb Paul H , Marshall John F , Ottensmeier Christian H , Sayan A Emre , Jenei Veronika , Thomas Gareth J 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signalling has been reported in a number of malignancies, particularly basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. Clinical trials of Hh inhibitors are underway in many cancers, and these have produced significant clinical benefit in BCC patients, although regrowth of new, or clinically aggressive, variants, as well as development of secondary malignancies, has been reported. αvβ6 integrin is expressed in many cancers, where it has been shown to correlate with an aggressive tumour phenotype and poor prognosis. We have previously reported αvβ6 up‐regulation in aggressive, morphoeic BCC variants, where it modulates the stromal response and induces invasion. To examine a possible link between Hh and αvβ6 function, we generated BCC models, overexpressing Gli1 in immortalized keratinocytes (NTert1, HaCaT). Unexpectedly, we found that suppressing Gli1 significantly increased αvβ6 expression. This promoted tumour cell motility and also stromal myofibroblast differentiation through integrin‐dependent TGF‐β1 activation. Gli1 inhibited αvβ6 expression by suppressing TGF‐β1‐induced Smad2/3 activation, blocking a positive feedback loop maintaining high αvβ6 levels. A similar mechanism was observed in AsPC1 pancreatic cancer cells expressing endogenous Gli1, suggesting a common mechanism across tumour types. In vitro findings were supported using human clinical samples, where we showed an inverse correlation between αvβ6 and Gli1 expression in different BCC subtypes and pancreatic cancers. In summary, we show that expression of Gli1 and αvβ6 inversely correlates in tumours in vivo, and Hh targeting up‐regulates TGF‐β1/Smad2/3‐dependent αvβ6 expression, promoting pro‐tumourigenic cell functions in vitro. These results have potential clinical significance, given the reported recurrence of BCC variants and secondary malignancies in patients treated by Hh targeting. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discerning intersecting fusion‐activation pathways in the Nipah virus using machine learning
Authors: Varma Sameer , Botlani Mohsen , Leighty Ralph E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe fusion of Nipah with host cells is facilitated by two of their glycoproteins, the G and the F proteins. The binding of cellular ephrins to the G head domain causes the G stalk domain to interact differently with F, which activates F to mediate virus–host fusion. To gain insight into how the ephrin‐binding signal transduces from the head to the stalk domain of G, we examine quantitatively the differences between the conformational ensembles of the G head domain in its ephrin‐bound and unbound states. We consider the human ephrins B2 and B3, and a double mutant of B2, all of which trigger fusion. The ensembles are generated using molecular dynamics, and the differences between them are quantified using a new machine learning method. We find that the portion of the G head domain whose conformational density is altered equivalently by the three ephrins is large, and comprises ∼25% of the residues in the G head domain. This subspace also includes the residues that are known to be important to F activation, which suggests that it contains at least one common signaling pathway. The spatial distribution of the residues constituting this subspace supports the model of signal transduction in which the signal transduces via the G head dimer interface. This study also adds to the growing list of examples where signaling does not depend solely on backbone deviations. In general, this study provides an approach to filter out conserved patterns in protein dynamics. Proteins 2014; 82:3241–3254. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the acaricidal toxicities of camphor and its structural analogues against house dust mites by the impregnated fabric disc method
Authors: Jeon Ju‐Hyun , Yang Ji‐Yeon , Lee Hoi‐Seon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe acaricidal activities of (±)‐camphor structural analogues against house dust mites were evaluated using the impregnated fabric disc bioassay.RESULTSThe acaricidal effects of camphor and its structural analogues were evaluated againstDermatophagoides farinaeandD. pteronyssinus. Based on theLD50values againstD. farinae, (±)‐camphor (0.95 µg cm−2) was 38.75 times more effective thanN,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET) (36.81 µg cm−2), followed by (+)‐camphor (1.41 µg cm−2), (−)‐camphor (2.03 µg cm−2) and (1R)‐camphor oxime (3.31 µg cm−2) in the impregnated fabric disc bioassay. However, camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid and camphoric acid had no observable activity againstD. farinaeorD. pteronyssinus. The acaricidal activities of camphor and its structural analogues againstD. pteronyssinuswere similar to those againstD. farinae.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that camphor and its structural analogues are suitable for producing acaricidal agents against house dust mites. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Amino acid substitutions of acetylcholinesterase associated with carbofuran resistance in Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Chang Cheng , Cheng Xuan , Huang Xin‐Yi , Dai Shu‐Mei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver 1000‐fold carbofuran resistance has been observed in Chilo suppressalis (Walker) collected from the Changhua (CH) and Chiayi (CY) prefectures of Taiwan. An understanding of the pertinent mechanisms will benefit effective insecticide resistance management of C. suppressalis.RESULTSAmong the five amino acid substitutions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) identified in C. suppressalis, A314S and H668P had been reported and E101D, F402V and R667Q were novel. Substitution frequencies in AChE of CH and CY populations were much higher than in the susceptible Hsinchu (HC) population. Significantly negative correlations were observed between the frequencies of E101D, A314S and R667Q and the kinetic parameters of AChEs in these populations. AChE from the resistant CH population was less susceptible to the inhibition of carbofuran, with an I50 that was 3.6‐fold higher than that of the susceptible HC population. Although Km and Vmax of AChE from the CH and CY populations were reduced to 72–87% of those from the HC population, the overall catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) remained constant for all three populations.CONCLUSIONAmino acid substitutions identified in the AChE of C. suppressalis are associated with changes in AChE kinetics and its insensitivity to carbofuran. These observations are helpful for rapid monitoring, prediction and management of OP and CB resistance in the field. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface treatment of electrodeposited n‐type Cu2O thin films for applications in Cu2O based devices
Authors: Jayathilaka K. M. D. C. , Kapaklis V. , Siripala W. , Jayanetti J. K. D. S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstractmagnified imageIn this Letter, we report the effects of ammonium sulfide [(NH4)2S] surface treatment on electrical and optical characteristics of the electrodeposited n‐type Cu2O thin films on Ti substrates. Films characterized structurally and morphologically before and after the surface treatment were compared using conductivity, spectral photoresponse and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. The ammonium sulfide surface treatment time showed an impact on optical and electrical characteristics of the films. Treated Cu2O films exhibited enhanced conductivity giving rise to a 50‐fold increase in the photocurrent and improved I–V characteristics. It was found that the sulfur passivation resulted in a nearly ohmic behaviour for Au or Ni contacts made with n‐type Cu2O whereas Ag or Cu contacts showed nearly Schottky behaviour. The results showed that ammonium sulfide treatments were very effective to passivate defects and improve the optical and electrical properties of polycrystalline n‐type Cu2O thin films that may provide a solid platform for Cu2O based devices of enhanced quality.magnified image(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Linking sheep density and grazing frequency to persistence of herb species in an alpine environment
Authors: Lanta Vojtěch , Austrheim Gunnar , Evju Marianne , Klimešová Jitka , Mysterud Atle 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLarge herbivores are important drivers in ecosystems worldwide. Changes in herbivore densities are predicted to especially affect herbs that are strongly preferred by herbivores. The persistence of herbs could be challenged by enhanced grazing, but also grazing cessation may affect persistence, especially for prostrate herbs, which might be out‐competed. To test how different herbivore densities (high, low, and no sheep) affect grazing frequency and plant responses (plant height, flowering frequency, and plant density) at the herb community and species level, we conducted a fully replicated, landscape‐scale experiment in an alpine environment. We found that none of the herb species changed their densities after 5 years with experimental changes in grazing pressure. Sheep density affected grazing and flowering frequency at the herb community level. Eight herb species were more grazed at high sheep density as compared to enclosures with no sheep. Herb height decreased at high sheep density as compared to no sheep for the two species with the highest grazing frequency. Increased height and flowering frequency were found for small herbs at high sheep density. Our experiment clearly shows that herbs do not constitute a homogeneous functional group and that, in particular, tall and small herbs are affected in contrasting ways but all species (n = 15) tolerated changes in grazing regimes as densities were maintained at both enhanced grazing and grazing cessation.