bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging and histology correlation in the neocortex in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Goubran Maged , Hammond Robert R. , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Burneo Jorge G. , Mirsattari Seyed , Steven David A. , Parrent Andrew G. , Peters Terry M. , Khan Ali R. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the histopathological correlates of quantitative relaxometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to determine their efficacy in epileptogenic lesion detection for preoperative evaluation of focal epilepsy.MethodsWe correlated quantitative relaxometry and DTI with histological features of neuronal density and morphology in 55 regions of the temporal lobe neocortex, selected from 13 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery. We made use of a validated nonrigid image registration protocol to obtain accurate correspondences between in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and histology images.ResultsWe found T1 to be a predictor of neuronal density in the neocortical gray matter (GM) using linear mixed effects models with random effects for subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was a predictor of neuronal density of large‐caliber neurons only (pyramidal cells, layers 3 and 5). Comparing multivariate to univariate mixed effects models with nested variables demonstrated that employing T1 and FA together provided a significantly better fit than T1 or FA alone in predicting density of large‐caliber neurons. Correlations with clinical variables revealed significant positive correlations between neuronal density and age (rs = 0.726, pfwe = 0.021). This study is the first to relate in vivo T1 and FA values to the proportion of neurons in GM.InterpretationOur results suggest that quantitative T1 mapping and DTI may have a role in preoperative evaluation of focal epilepsy and can be extended to identify GM pathology in a variety of neurological disorders. Ann Neurol 2015;77:237–250
Strain‐Accelerated Formation of Chiral, Optically Active Buta‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Chiu Melanie , Tchitchanov Boris H. , Zimmerli Daniel , Sanhueza Italo A. , Schoenebeck Franziska , Trapp Nils , Schweizer W. Bernd , Diederich François 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe formal [2+2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization (CA–RE) reactions between tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and strained, electron‐rich dibenzo‐fused cyclooctynes were studied. The effect of ring strain on the reaction kinetics was quantified, revealing that the rates of cycloaddition using strained, cyclic alkynes are up to 5500 times greater at 298 K than those of reactions using unstrained alkynes. Cyclobutene reaction intermediates, as well as buta‐1,3‐diene products, were isolated and their structures were studied crystallographically. Isolation of a rare example of a chiral buta‐1,3‐diene that is optically active and configurationally stable at room temperature is reported. Computational studies on the enantiomerization pathway of the buta‐1,3‐diene products showed that the eight‐membered ring inverts via a boat conformer in a ring‐flip mechanism. In agreement with computed values, experimentally measured activation barriers of racemization in these compounds were found to be up to 26 kcal mol−1.
Antiadhesion elastomer seal coatings for UV and atomic oxygen protection
Authors: de Groh Henry C. , Puleo Bernadette J. , Waters Deborah L. , Miller Sharon K. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTRadiation blocking sunscreen coatings have been developed for the protection of elastomer seals used in low‐Earth‐orbit (LEO). The coatings protect the seals from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and atomic oxygen (AO) damage. The coatings were developed for use on NASA docking seals. Docking seal damage from the UV and AO present in LEO can constrain mission time‐line, flight mode options, and increases risk. A low level of adhesion is also required for docking seals so undocking push‐off forces can be low. The coatings presented also mitigate this unwanted adhesion. Greases with low collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM) and low total mass loss (TML) were mixed with slippery and/or UV blocking powders to create the protective coatings. Coatings were applied at rates up to 2 mg/cm2. Coated seals were exposed to AO and UV in the NUV (near‐UV) and UV‐C wavelength ranges (300 to 400 nm and 254 nm, respectively). Ground based ashers were used to simulate the AO of space. The Sun's UV energy was mimicked assuming a nose forward flight mode, resulting in an exposure rate of 2.5 MJ/m2 day. Exposures between 0 and 147 MJ/m2 (UV‐C) and 245 MJ/m2 (NUV) were accomplished. The protective coatings were durable, providing protection from UV after a simulated docking and undocking cycle. The level of protection begins to decline at coverage rates less than 0.9 mg/cm2. The leakage of seals coated with Braycote + 20%Z‐cote ZnO sunscreen increased by a factor of 40 after moderate AO exposure; indicating that this coating might not be suitable due to AO intolerance. Seals coated with DC‐7–16.4%Z‐cote ZnO sunscreen were not significantly affected by combined doses of 2 × 1021 atoms/cm2 AO with 73 MJ/m2 UV‐C. Unprotected seals were significantly damaged at UV‐C exposures of 0.3 MJ/m2 and DC‐7–16.4%Z‐cote coated seals were undamaged at all exposures up to the limits tested thus far which were 147 MJ/m2 UV‐C and 245 MJ/m2 NUV. The coatings decreased adhesion sufficiently for docking seals at temperatures equal to or greater than −8°C thus offer a simple and inexpensive way to mitigate adhesion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41662.
Output Feedback Stabilization of a Class of Uncertain Nonaffine Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Chen Zhen‐Feng , Zhang Yun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, output feedback control is presented for a general class of uncertain nonaffine nonlinear systems, that does not rely on state estimation. Under the condition that only the system output is available for feedback, a dynamic linear filter is built to estimate unknown nonlinearities, and an output feedback controller is developed to stabilize the systems by utilizing the estimation to compensate for the unknown nonlinearities. One important feature of the proposed control is that the controller is developed under mild conditions with simple control algorithms, which is of great significance in engineering practice. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the control approach.
Rapid and sensitive ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography method for quantification of antichagasic benznidazole in plasma: application in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Davanço Marcelo Gomes , de Campos Michel Leandro , Peccinini Rosângela Gonçalves 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBenznidazole (BNZ) and nifurtimox are the only drugs available for treating Chagas disease. In this work, we validated a bioanalytical method for the quantification of BNZ in plasma aimed at improving sensitivity and time of analysis compared with the assays already published. Furthermore, we demonstrated the application of the method in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study after administration of a single oral dose of BNZ in Wistar rats. A Waters® Acquity UHPLC system equipped with a UV–vis detector was employed. The method was established using an Acquity® UHPLC HSS SB C18 protected by an Acquity® UHPLC HSS SB C18 VanGuard guard column and detection at 324 nm. The mobile phase consisted of ultrapure water–acetonitrile (65:35), and elution was isocratic. The mobile phase flow rate was 0.55 mL/min, the volume of injection was 1 μL, and the run time was just 2 min. The samples were kept at 25°C until injection and the column at 45°C for the chromatographic separation. The sample preparation was performed by a rapid protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The linear concentration range was 0.15–20 µg/mL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of BNZ in rats were determined and the method was considered sensitive, fast and suitable for application in pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a sensitive and specific LC‐MS/MS method for determination of wilforine from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. in rat plasma for a bioavailability study
Authors: Su Meng‐Xiang , Song Min , Di Bin , Hang Tai‐jun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA highly selective and specific LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of wilforine in rat plasma. The analyte was separated from plasma matrix by using methyl tertiary butyl ether liquid–liquid extraction with bulleyacinitine A as internal standard (IS). The analysis was carried out on a Sepax GP‐Phenyl column using a mixture of methanol and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid (75:25, v/v) as the mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was operated using a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple selected reaction monitoring with the parent‐to‐product quantifier transitions [M + H]+ m/z 867.6 →206.0 for wilforine and 664.1 →584.1 for IS. The main advantage of this method was the high sensitivity (a lower limit of quantification of 0.02 ng/mL) and the small amount of sample (0.1 mL plasma per sample). The method was fully validated to be accurate and precise with a linear range of 0.02–100 ng/mL, and successfully applied to a bioavailability study of wilforine in rats after intravenous and oral administration. The oral absolute bioavailability of wilforine in rats was estimated to be 84%. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient and Magnetically Recoverable “Click” PEGylated γ‐Fe2O3–Pd Nanoparticle Catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira, and Heck Reactions with Positive Dendritic Effects
Authors: Wang Dong , Deraedt Christophe , Salmon Lionel , Labrugère Christine , Etienne Laetitia , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe engineering of novel catalytic nanomaterials that are highly active for crucial carbon–carbon bond formations, easily recoverable many times, and biocompatible is highly desirable in terms of sustainable and green chemistry. To this end, catalysts comprising dendritic “click” ligands that are immobilized on a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) core, terminated by triethylene glycol (TEG) groups, and incorporate Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) have been prepared. These nanomaterials are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution TEM, inductively coupled plasma analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectra and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. They are shown to be highly active, dispersible, and magnetically recoverable many times in Suzuki, Sonogashira, and Heck reactions. In addition, a series of pharmacologically relevant or natural products were successfully synthesized using these magnetic PdNPs as catalyst. For comparison, related PdNP catalysts deposited on MNPs bearing linear “click” PEGylated ligands are also prepared. Strong positive dendritic effects concerning ligand loading, catalyst loading, catalytic activity, and recyclability are observed, that is, the dendritic catalysts are much more efficient than non‐dendritic analogues.
B(C6F5)3‐Mediated Transformations and Hydrogenation of Carbodiimides
Authors: Holthausen Michael H. , Colussi Mariah , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe reactivity of a series of carbodiimides RNCNR (R=tBu (1 a), iPr (1 b), SiMe3 (1 c), and Dipp (2,6‐di‐iso‐propylphenyl (1 d)) with B(C6F5)3 was investigated. After initial adduct formation, several distinct reaction pathways were identified. These pathways involve either isomerization of the carbodiimide to cyanamide derivatives or insertion of a carbodiimide into a BC bond of B(C6F5)3 to yield four‐membered heterocycles. In the presence of dihydrogen, stepwise hydrogenation of the heteroallene moiety in the carbodiimides was achieved, which yielded the respective amidine–B(C6F5)3 adducts and amidinium borate salts upon reaction with one or two equivalents of H2, respectively.
Claisen‐Umlagerung im Rühr‐ und Durchflussbetrieb: Verständnis des Mechanismus und Steuerung der Einflussgrößen
Authors: Hessel Volker , Shahbazali Elnaz , Noël Timothy , Zelentsov Sergei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDie Claisen‐Umlagerung wurde in über 100 Jahren durch zahlreiche Forscher äußerst eingehend im Rührbetrieb untersucht. Insbesondere der Reaktionsmechanismus wurde in allen Details erforscht. Quantenmechanische Modellierung und moderne Kurzzeit‐Spektroskopie haben hier ganz neue Impulse gegeben. Auch wurden schon erste Erfahrungen im Durchflussbetrieb in Mikroreaktoren gesammelt. Wie für viele andere Reaktionen so konnte eine massive Beschleunigung in neuen Prozessfenstern erreicht werden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel zeigt, dass das wahre Potenzial dennoch darauf wartet, für den Mikroreaktorbetrieb entdeckt zu werden.
Respiratory‐related outputs of glutamatergic, hypercapnia‐responsive parabrachial neurons in mice
Authors: Yokota Shigefumi , Kaur Satvinder , VanderHorst Veronique G. , Saper Clifford B. , Chamberlin Nancy L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn patients with obstructive sleep apnea, airway obstruction during sleep produces hypercapnia, which in turn activates respiratory muscles that pump air into the lungs (e.g., the diaphragm) and that dilate and stabilize the upper airway (e.g., the genioglossus). We hypothesized that these responses are facilitated by glutamatergic neurons in the parabrachial complex (PB) that respond to hypercapnia and project to premotor and motor neurons that innervate the diaphragm and genioglossus muscles. To test this hypothesis, we combined c‐Fos immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization for vGluT2 or GAD67 or with retrograde tracing from the ventrolateral medullary region that contains phrenic premotor neurons, the phrenic motor nucleus in the C3–C5 spinal ventral horn, or the hypoglossal motor nucleus. We found that hypercapnia (10% CO2 for 2 hours) activated c‐Fos expression in neurons in the external lateral, lateral crescent (PBcr), and Kölliker‐Fuse (KF) PB subnuclei and that most of these neurons were glutamatergic and virtually none γ‐aminobutyric acidergic. Numerous CO2‐responsive neurons in the KF and PBcr were labeled after retrograde tracer injection into the ventrolateral medulla or hypoglossal motor nuclei, and in the KF after injections into the spinal cord, making them candidates for mediating respiratory‐facilitatory and upper‐airway‐stabilizing effects of hypercapnia. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:907–920, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preadaptation and post‐introduction evolution facilitate the invasion ofPhragmites australisin North America
Authors: Guo Wen‐Yong , Lambertini Carla , Nguyen Loc Xuan , Li Xiu‐Zhen , Brix Hans 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCompared with non‐invasive species, invasive plant species may benefit from certain advantageous traits, for example, higher photosynthesis capacity and resource/energy‐use efficiency. These traits can be preadapted prior to introduction, but can also be acquired through evolution following introduction to the new range. Disentangling the origins of these advantageous traits is a fundamental and emerging question in invasion ecology. We conducted a multiple comparative experiment under identical environmental condition with the invasive haplotype M lineage of the wetland grassPhragmites australisand compared the ecophysiological traits of this invasive haplotype M in North America with those of the European ancestor and the conspecific North American native haplotype E lineage,P. australisssp. americanus. The invasive haplotype M differed significantly from the native North American conspecific haplotype E in several ecophysiological and morphological traits, and the European haplotype M had a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus than the native North AmericanP. australisssp. americanus. Within the haplotype M lineage, the introduced North AmericanP. australisexhibited different biomass allocation patterns and resource/energy‐use strategies compared to its European ancestor group. A discriminant analysis of principal components separated the haplotype M and the haplotype E lineages completely along the first canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic gas‐exchange parameters, photosynthetic energy‐use efficiency and payback time. The second canonical axis, highly related to photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and construction costs, significantly separated the introducedP. australisin North America from its European ancestor.Synthesis. We conclude that the EuropeanP. australislineage was preadapted to be invasive prior to its introduction, and that the invasion in North America is further stimulated by rapid post‐introduction evolution in several advantageous traits. The multicomparison approach used in this study could be an effective approach for distinguishing preadaptation and post‐introduction evolution of invasive species. Further research is needed to link the observed changes in invasive traits to the genetic variation and the interaction with the environment.
Internally Self‐Sustaining Electric Power Generation
Authors: Ono Katsutoshi 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYThe electrical double layer capacitor‐electrostatic induction electric power generation system (EDLC‐ESIG) undergoes an electric cycle consisting of three steps: energy storage by electrostatic induction, power generation, and initialization by electromechanical coupling. An internally self‐sustaining electric power can be generated by repetition of cycles with periods of the order of seconds. The objective of this paper is to show the design of EDLC‐cell configuration for practical use to produce constant power output. On the basis of energy densities of the conventional EDLCs for energy storage, the volumetric power density has been estimated to be 450 W/L for the discharge time of 10 s. Possibilities of commercial applications of the EDLC‐ESIG system to vehicles and high power generations in central station have been considered with respect to the power densities of the EDLC‐cells consolidated into a generation system.
Synthesis and Characterization of Barium Tetrafluoridobromate(III) Ba(BrF4)2
Authors: Ivlev Sergey , Sobolev Vasily , Hoelzel Markus , Karttunen Antti J. , Müller Thomas , Gerin Ivan , Ostvald Roman , Kraus Florian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlkali and alkaline earth metal tetrafluoridobromates MIBrF4, MII(BrF4)2 (MI = Na–Cs, MII = Sr, Ba) can be synthesized from the respective fluorides and BrF3. The reaction of BaF2 with liquid BrF3 under Freon‐113 leads to the formation of Ba(BrF4)2 as a colorless microcrystalline powder. Here, we discuss its formation kinetics and thermodynamics. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I$\bar {4}$ with a = 9.65081(11) Å, c = 8.03453(13) Å, V = 748.32(2) Å3, and Z = 4 at 27 °C, and it is isotypic to Ba(AuF4)2. The structure contains square planar BrF4– anions. The compound is stable at ambient conditions excluding moisture and at temperatures up to approximately 200 °C. Solid‐state computational calculations of the Raman and IR spectra are in good agreement with the experimentally obtained ones, and in combination with its powder X‐ray diffraction pattern, density measurement, thermodynamics, elemental and EDXRF analyses, this shows that the compound is pure.
trans‐1,2‐Cyclohexanedisulfonic Acid: An Optically Active Linker for Coordination Polymers
Authors: Behler Florian , Zitzer Christina , Wickleder Mathias S. , Christoffers Jens 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRacemic 1,2‐cyclohexanedisulfonic acid was prepared from cyclohexene oxide via the cyclic trithiocarbonate and isolated as its barium salt. Optical resolution was achieved by crystallization with (–)‐(R,R)‐1,2‐cyclohexane diamine; the absolute configuration was established by X‐ray crystallography of this salt, [C6H10(NH3)2][C6H10(SO3)2]. Solid‐state structures were investigated of the racemic acidic sodium disulfonate Na(H5O2)[C6H10(SO3)2] and the optically active disulfonates Na2[C6H10(SO3)2]·1.8H2O and Ag(NH2Me2)[C6H10(SO3)2].
Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐2,6‐Disubstituted Morpholines and 1,4‐Oxathianes by Intramolecular Reductive Etherification of 1,5‐Diketones
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Anuradha Dandela , Prasad Jonnalagadda V. K. , Srinivasa Rao Pidugu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA simple and efficient, Lewis acid catalysed reductive etherification strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of cis‐2,6‐disubstituted morpholines and 1,4‐oxathianes starting from readily available 1,5‐diketones has been developed. The strategy is used in the total synthesis of morpholine‐based natural products (±)‐chelonin A and formal total synthesis of (±)‐chelonin C.
The Demand for Warrants and Issuer Pricing Strategies
Authors: Baule Rainer , Blonski Philip 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe develop a model for the demand of warrants by individual investors with regard to their sensitivity to issuer margins, defined as the relative overpricing with respect to the theoretical value. Based on an empirical data set we show that investors are relatively margin‐sensitive; that is, given similar warrants from different issuers or warrants with similar characteristics, investors tend to buy those with the lowest margin. Investors are, however, not absolutely margin‐sensitive; that is, demand is not influenced by the overall margin level. Our model suggests an equilibrium with different issuer pricing strategies for different warrants in such a situation. Consistent with the model's predictions, we find that issuers vary their pricing with the moneyness of a warrant. We thus give an explanation for the dependence of issuer margins on a product's moneyness, which has been documented in the literature for several retail derivative products. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:1195–1219, 2015
Low amyloid‐β deposition correlates with high education in cognitively normal older adults: a pilot study
Authors: Yasuno Fumihiko , Kazui Hiroaki , Morita Naomi , Kajimoto Katsufumi , Ihara Masafumi , Taguchi Akihiko , Yamamoto Akihide , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Kosaka Jun , Kudo Takashi , Iida Hidehiro , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveSeveral epidemiological studies have found a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease in highly educated populations, but the protective mechanism of education against the disease is still unclear. Our objective was to investigate the association between education and 11C‐labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) uptake with positron emission tomography in participants with normal cognitive ability.MethodsWe performed 11C‐labeled PIB positron emission tomography and neuropsychological testing in 30 cognitively normal older participants. Of the participants, 16 had a period of education less than 12 years (low‐education group) and 14 had more than 13 years (high‐education group). Amyloid‐β deposition was quantified by binding potential (BPND) in several brain regions and was compared between the groups with different education levels.ResultsWe found significantly higher cortical PIB‐BPND in the cognitively normal participants with low education compared with the ones with high education. None of the brain regions in low‐education group showed significantly lower BPND values. This finding was not affected by the inclusion of possible confounding variables such as age, sex, and general intelligence. Our findings indicated a reduced amyloid pathology in highly educated, cognitively normal, participants.ConclusionsOur findings lead to the proposal that early‐life education has a negative association with Alzheimer's disease pathology. This proposal is not in opposition to the brain reserve hypothesis. People with more education might be prone to a greater inhibitory effect against amyloid‐β deposition before the preclinical stage. At the same time, they have a greater reserve capacity, and greater pathological changes are required for dementia to manifest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.