bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome pyrosequencing of abnormal phenotypes inTrypanosoma cruziepimastigotes after ectopic expression of a small zinc finger protein
Authors: Westergaard Gaston , Laverrière Marc , Revale Santiago , Reinert Marina , De Gaudenzi Javier G. , Jäger Adriana , Vazquez Martin P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe TcZFPs are a family of small zinc finger proteins harboring WW domains or Proline rich motifs. InTrypanosoma brucei,ZFPs are involved during stage specific differentiation. TcZFPs interact with each other using the WW domain (ZFP2 and ZFP3) and the proline rich motif (ZFP1). The tcZFP1b member is exclusive toTrypanosoma cruziand it is only expressed in trypomastigote stage. We used a tetracycline inducible vector to express ectopically tcZFP1b in the epimastigote stage. Upon induction of tcZFP1b, the parasites stopped dividing completely after five days. Visual inspection showed abnormal distorted-morphology (monster) cells with multiple flagella and increased DNA contents. We were interested in investigate global transcription changes occurred during the generation of this abnormal phenotype. Thus, we performed RNA-seq transcriptome profiling with a 454 pyrosequencer to analyze the global changes after ectopic expression of tcZFP1b. The total mRNAs sequenced from induced and non-induced control epimastigotes showed, after filtering the data, a set of 70 genes having equal or more than 3X fold change upregulation, while 35 genes showed equal or more than 3X fold downregulation. Interestingly, several trans-sialidase-like genes and pseudogenes were upregulated along with several genes in the categories of amino acid catabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. On the other hand, hypothetical proteins, fatty acid biosynthesis and mitochondrial functions dominated the group of downregulated genes. Our data showed that several mRNAs sharing related functions and pathways changed their levels in a concerted pattern resembling post-transcriptional regulons. We also found two different motifs in the 3′UTRs of the majority of mRNAs, one for upregulated and other for downregulated genes
The Role of Arabidopsis ABCG9 and ABCG31 ATP Binding Cassette Transporters in Pollen Fitness and the Deposition of Steryl Glycosides on the Pollen Coat
Authors: Choi Hyunju , Ohyama Kiyoshi , Kim Yu-Young , Jin Jun-Young , Lee Saet Buyl , Yamaoka Yasuyo , Muranaka Toshiya , Suh Mi Chung , Fujioka Shozo , Lee Youngsook 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The pollen coat protects pollen grains from harmful environmental stresses such as drought and cold. Many compounds in the pollen coat are synthesized in the tapetum. However, the pathway by which they are transferred to the pollen surface remains obscure. We found that two Arabidopsis thaliana ATP binding cassette transporters, ABCG9 and ABCG31, were highly expressed in the tapetum and are involved in pollen coat deposition. Upon exposure to dry air, many abcg9 abcg31 pollen grains shriveled up and collapsed, and this phenotype was restored by complementation with ABCG9pro:GFP:ABCG9. GFP-tagged ABCG9 or ABCG31 localized to the plasma membrane. Electron microscopy revealed that the mutant pollen coat resembled the immature coat of the wild type, which contained many electron-lucent structures. Steryl glycosides were reduced to about half of wild-type levels in the abcg9 abcg31 pollen, but no differences in free sterols or steryl esters were observed. A mutant deficient in steryl glycoside biosynthesis, ugt80A2 ugt80B1, exhibited a similar phenotype. Together, these results indicate that steryl glycosides are critical for pollen fitness, by supporting pollen coat maturation, and that ABCG9 and ABCG31 contribute to the accumulation of this sterol on the surface of pollen.
Nitric Oxide–Triggered Remodeling of Chloroplast Bioenergetics and Thylakoid Proteins upon Nitrogen Starvation inChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Wei Lili , Derrien Benoit , Gautier Arnaud , Houille-Vernes Laura , Boulouis Alix , Saint-Marcoux Denis , Malnoë Alizée , Rappaport Fabrice , de Vitry Catherine , Vallon Olivier , Choquet Yves , Wollman Francis-André 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStarving microalgae for nitrogen sources is commonly used as a biotechnological tool to boost storage of reduced carbon into starch granules or lipid droplets, but the accompanying changes in bioenergetics have been little studied so far. Here, we report that the selective depletion of Rubisco and cytochrome b 6 f complex that occurs when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is starved for nitrogen in the presence of acetate and under normoxic conditions is accompanied by a marked increase in chlororespiratory enzymes, which converts the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane into an intracellular matrix for oxidative catabolism of reductants. Cytochrome b 6 f subunits and most proteins specifically involved in their biogenesis are selectively degraded, mainly by the FtsH and Clp chloroplast proteases. This regulated degradation pathway does not require light, active photosynthesis, or state transitions but is prevented when respiration is impaired or under phototrophic conditions. We provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that NO production from intracellular nitrite governs this degradation pathway: Addition of a NO scavenger and of two distinct NO producers decrease and increase, respectively, the rate of cytochrome b 6 f degradation; NO-sensitive fluorescence probes, visualized by confocal microscopy, demonstrate that nitrogen-starved cells produce NO only when the cytochrome b 6 f degradation pathway is activated.
NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION Recruits PHOSPHATE2 to Target the Phosphate Transporter PT2 for Degradation during the Regulation of Arabidopsis Phosphate Homeostasis
Authors: Park Bong Soo , Seo Jun Sung , Chua Nam-Hai 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTION (NLA) gene was initially shown to function in nitrogen limitation responses; however, recent work shows that the nla mutant hyperaccumulates Pi, phenocopying the Pi signaling mutant pho2. PHO2 encodes a putative E2 conjugase, UBC24. Here, we show that NLA is an E3 ligase that specifically requires UBC24 for polyubiquitination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Among five members of the Pht1 Pi-transporter family tested, NLA associates only with PT2 (Pht1;4). The NLA-UBC24 pair mediates polyubiquitination of PT2 but not PT1. Posttranslational decay of PT2 at high Pi is blocked in pho2 and inhibited by MG132, indicating the requirement of UBC24 and 26S proteasomes. Consistent with NLA/UBC24 function, induced NLA expression causes a UBC24-dependent decrease in PT2 levels. Confocal microscopy of fusion proteins revealed an NLA/PT2 interaction at the plasma membrane. Collectively, these results show that under Pi-replete conditions, NLA and UBC24 target the PT2 transporter for destruction. During the Pi deprivation response, NLA and PHO2 transcripts are cleaved by miR399 and miR827, respectively, and our results suggest that this downregulation relieves the posttranslational repression of PT2, allowing it to accumulate and participate in Pi uptake. Our work provides additional molecular details describing Pi signaling/homeostasis regulation by identifying NLA and UBC24 as partners and PT2 as one of their downstream targets.
Minoxidil 2% lotion for eyebrow enhancement: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, spilt‐face comparative study
Authors: Lee Saridpong , Tanglertsampan Chuchai , Tanchotikul Mingkwan , Worapunpong Nigun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTopical minoxidil has been successfully used to treat androgenetic alopecia. It can also be applied to enhance eyebrows. However, there is no study comparing minoxidil lotion with placebo for eyebrow enhancement. In this trial, we determined the efficacy and safety of minoxidil 2% lotion for eyebrow enhancement compared with placebo. Forty patients were randomized for minoxidil on the eyebrow on one side of the face and placebo on the other. Efficacy was evaluated by global photographic assessment, eyebrow diameter, eyebrow count and subject's satisfaction. Side‐effects were also evaluated. Thirty‐nine patients (97.5%) completed the study. After 16 weeks, the minoxidil group achieved significantly better results in all measured outcomes compared to the placebo group. Side‐effects were minor and did not preclude patients from continuing the study. Our study suggests that minoxidil 2% lotion is a safe and effective treatment for eyebrow hypotrichosis.
Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to minocycline complicated by severe myocarditis
Authors: Kanno Kyoko , Sakai Hiroyuki , Yamada Yutaka , Iizuka Hajime 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA 60‐year‐old woman presented with a 13‐day history of a generalized erythematous rash accompanied by fever, periorbital edema and axillary lymphadenopathy. Prior to the appearance of the rash, the patient had been treated with intermittent courses of oral minocycline for cystitis. The patient was diagnosed with drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) due to minocycline. During the admission, infectious endocarditis was suspected and the patient was treated with i.v. gammaglobulin (0.4 g/kg per day). The following day, the patient suffered from systemic deterioration and symptomatic low blood pressure that prompted repeat echocardiography which revealed an ejection fraction of 10%. DIHS‐associated myocarditis was suspected and management with circulation assistance devices and steroid pulse therapy were started, resulting in satisfactory resolution. A rise in titer of human herpesvirus‐6, cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex virus‐1 antibodies was detected. Although minocycline‐induced myocarditis is rare, this severe drug reaction should be considered with DIHS.
Antimycotics suppress the Malassezia extract‐induced production of CXC chemokine ligand 10 in human keratinocytes
Authors: Hau Carren S. , Kanda Naoko , Makimura Koichi , Watanabe Shinichi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMalassezia, a lipophilic yeast, exacerbates atopic dermatitis. Malassezia products can penetrate the disintegrated stratum corneum and encounter subcorneal keratinocytes in the skin of atopic dermatitis patients. Type 1 helper T (Th1) cells infiltrate chronic lesions with atopic dermatitis, and antimycotic agents improve its symptoms. We aimed to identify Malassezia‐induced chemokines in keratinocytes and examine whether antimycotics suppressed this induction. Normal human keratinocytes were incubated with a Malassezia restricta extract and antimycotics. Chemokine expression was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 activity was examined by luciferase assays. The tyrosine‐phosphorylation of STAT1 was analyzed by western blotting. The M. restricta extract increased the mRNA and protein expression of Th1‐attracting CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 and STAT1 activity and phosphorylation in keratinocytes, which was suppressed by a Janus kinase inhibitor. The antimycotics itraconazole, ketoconazole, luliconazole, terbinafine, butenafine and amorolfine suppressed M. restricta extract‐induced CXCL10 mRNA and protein expression and STAT1 activity and phosphorylation. These effects were similarly induced by 15‐deoxy‐Δ‐12,14‐prostaglandin J2 (15d‐PGJ2), a prostaglandin D2 metabolite. Antimycotics increased the release of 15d‐PGJ2 from keratinocytes. The antimycotic‐induced suppression of CXCL10 production and STAT1 activity was counteracted by a lipocalin‐type prostaglandin D synthase inhibitor. The antimycotics itraconazole, ketoconazole, luliconazole, terbinafine, butenafine and amorolfine may suppress the M. restricta‐induced production of CXCL10 by inhibiting STAT1 through an increase in 15d‐PGJ2 production in keratinocytes. These antimycotics may block the Th1‐mediated inflammation triggered by Malassezia in the chronic phase of atopic dermatitis.
Proliferative fasciitis mimicking a sarcoma in a child: A case report
Authors: Yamaga Kensaku , Shomori Kohei , Yamashita Hideki , Endo Koji , Takeda Chikako , Minamizaki Takeshi , Yoshida Haruhiko , Teshima Ryota , Ito Hisao 
Published: January 2014

AbstractProliferative fasciitis (PF) is a benign, discrete proliferation of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts in soft tissue. Proliferative fasciitis mostly occurs in adults and is often confused with a sarcoma because of its rapid growth and peculiar histological features. We report a case of PF mimicking a sarcoma which developed in a 13‐year‐old boy, who noticed a painful tumor, with gradual enlargement, in his right lower leg. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the tumor measured 34 mm × 20 mm × 41 mm and was located in the subcutaneous tissue. The tumor was surgically resected. Pathologically, the tumor was composed of a proliferation of atypical spindle cells, admixed with larger ganglion‐like cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin, HHF‐35 and Fli‐1. The tumor was subsequently diagnosed as a PF, although it was difficult to differentiate from a sarcoma. Five years after surgery, the postoperative course has been uneventful with no recurrence or metastasis.
Testing a silvicultural recommendation: Brazil nut responses 10 years after liana cutting
Authors: Kainer Karen A. , Wadt Lúcia H.O. , Staudhammer Christina L. 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Lianas or woody vines can be detrimental to the trees that support them. Research on liana cutting for tropical timber management has demonstrated positive yet costly benefits, but liana cutting to enhance commercial outputs of nontimber forest products has not been examined. We implemented a controlled experiment to quantify the effects of cutting lianas on Brazil nut Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. fecundity.

We conducted our 10‐year experiment in a Brazilian extractive reserve where local harvesters collect fruits from this Amazonian canopy‐emergent species as part of their forest‐based livelihood system. We cut 454 lianas with a total basal area of 2·41 m2 from 78 of 138 host trees ≥50 cm diameter at breast height.

Treated trees were significantly better producers 3 ½ years after liana cutting, and these differences increased dramatically in subsequent years, with consistent proportionally higher production in treated versus untreated individuals.

The number of lianas rooted within 5 m of the host tree significantly explained production levels, suggesting both above‐ and below‐ground liana–host tree competition. Once host crowns were liana‐free, branch regrowth was highly visible, particularly in heavily infested trees, and crown reassessments suggested that liana cutting improved crown form. Additionally, liana cutting may induce some nonproducing trees to become producers and may circumvent mortality of trees heavily infested with lianas (> 75% crown covered).

Liana removal can be implemented easily when harvesting Brazil nut fruits. Only lianas associated with B. excelsa trees should be cut to conserve liana ecosystem functions.

Synthesis and applications. We quantified effects of liana cutting on Brazil nut host tree fecundity and provided estimates of increased commercial yields. Our long‐term (10‐year) study permits understanding of biological variation and informs related management decisions. Findings suggest that liana cutting reduces above‐ and below‐ground competition with individual trees, ultimately allowing mature host crowns to recover such that 9–10 years after liana cutting, treated trees produced on average three times more fruits than untreated trees. Application of liana cutting to other tropical species would likely boost fruit and seed production, increase host tree fecundity and potentially enhance future recruitment.
Peel, De Grey and Irish Policy, 1841–1844
Authors: Read Charles 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHistorians have traditionally framed debates over Irish policy in the early 1840s between London and Dublin Castle in sectarian terms. Robert Peel's ‘liberal‐minded’ attitudes towards Catholics have been portrayed as conflicting with his lord lieutenant's, which were supposedly anti‐Catholic, sectarian and ‘Orange’. Using the Earl de Grey's political papers in addition to Peel's for the first time in historical analysis, this article shows this is a misinterpretation which has concealed the actual nature of the policy debates between Peel and De Grey during the ‘Repeal Year’ period. Conflict arose, not along sectarian or ideological lines, but over the cause of the sudden rise in popular support for the Repeal Association and the nature of public policy which would best counteract this. De Grey thought the ‘Repeal Year’ crisis was the result of economic grievances, while Peel considered it a religious issue. In the resulting disagreement over the most effective policy, De Grey favoured policies based upon economic conciliation, and Peel prioritized religious concessions towards Irish Catholics. This anticipated debates in Irish policy much later in the nineteenth century between constructive unionists, who advocated economic conciliation to combat the rise of Irish nationalism, and those who supported religious and constitutional reforms.
Using Computer‐Extracted Data from Electronic Health Records to Measure the Quality of Adolescent Well‐Care
Authors: Gardner William , Morton Suzanne , Byron Sepheen C. , Tinoco Aldo , Canan Benjamin D. , Leonhart Karen , Kong Vivian , Scholle Sarah Hudson 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether quality measures based on computer‐extracted EHR data can reproduce findings based on data manually extracted by reviewers.Data SourcesWe studied 12 measures of care indicated for adolescent well‐care visits for 597 patients in three pediatric health systems.Study DesignObservational study.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsManual reviewers collected quality data from the EHR. Site personnel programmed their EHR systems to extract the same data from structured fields in the EHR according to national health IT standards.Principal FindingsOverall performance measured via computer‐extracted data was 21.9 percent, compared with 53.2 percent for manual data. Agreement measures were high for immunizations. Otherwise, agreement between computer extraction and manual review was modest (Kappa = 0.36) because computer‐extracted data frequently missed care events (sensitivity = 39.5 percent). Measure validity varied by health care domain and setting. A limitation of our findings is that we studied only three domains and three sites.ConclusionsThe accuracy of computer‐extracted EHR quality reporting depends on the use of structured data fields, with the highest agreement found for measures and in the setting that had the greatest concentration of structured fields. We need to improve documentation of care, data extraction, and adaptation of EHR systems to practice workflow.
Comparing fetal scalp lactate and umbilical cord arterial blood gas values
Authors: Bowler Thea , Beckmann Michael 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundFetal scalp lactate has been shown to be as effective as scalp pH in predicting fetal outcomes. However, there is limited clinical evidence to demonstrate a strong correlation with fetal acidaemia at birth.AimsTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of fetal scalp lactate and umbilical cord arterial blood gas values sampling, as it is used in clinical practice.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on 661 term (≥37 weeks) births where a fetal scalp lactate sample was taken during labour. Cases were excluded where either the lactate was taken greater than 1 h prior to delivery, incomplete cord gas analyses were available, or a sentinel hypoxic event occurred prior to delivery. The final data set included 229 microvolume scalp lactate measurements which were compared with neonatal paired cord blood gas values taken at delivery.ResultsA fetal scalp lactate measurement of ≥4.8 mmol/L had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 1% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% in predicting umbilical artery pH ≤7.00, and a PPV of 5% and a NPV of 98% in predicting umbilical artery pH ≤7.10. The sensitivity and specificity for these values were 100%, 23% and 90%, 23%, respectively.ConclusionsFetal scalp lactate microsampling has a strong negative predictive value for fetal acidaemia at birth.
Randomised clinical trial: relief of upper gastrointestinal symptoms by an acid pocket‐targeting alginate–antacid (Gaviscon Double Action) – a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, pilot study in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Thomas E. , Wade A. , Crawford G. , Jenner B. , Levinson N. , Wilkinson J. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe alginate–antacid, Gaviscon Double Action (Gaviscon DA; Reckitt Benckiser, Slough, UK) suppresses reflux after meals by creating a gel‐like barrier that caps and displaces the acid pocket distal to the oesophago‐gastric junction. The effect of Gaviscon DA on reflux and dyspepsia symptoms has not yet been demonstrated with a modern trial design.AimA pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of Gaviscon DA compared with matched placebo for decreasing upper gastrointestinal symptoms in symptomatic gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients.MethodsA randomised, double‐blind, parallel group study was performed in 110 patients with symptoms of GERD. Patients received Gaviscon DA or placebo tablets for 7 consecutive days. The primary endpoint compared the change in overall Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) symptom score (combined heartburn/regurgitation/dyspepsia). Secondary endpoints assessed individual dimensions, GERD dimension (heartburn and regurgitation) and overall treatment evaluation (OTE).ResultsThere was a greater decrease in overall RDQ symptom score in the Gaviscon DA group compared with the placebo group (Least Squares Mean difference −0.55; P = 0.0033), and for each of the dimensions independently. Patients in the Gaviscon DA group evaluated their overall treatment response higher than patients in the placebo group [mean (standard deviation) OTE 4.1 (2.44) vs. 1.9 (3.34); P = 0.0005]. No differences in the incidence of adverse events were observed between treatment groups.ConclusionsGaviscon DA decreases reflux and dyspeptic symptoms in GERD patients compared with matched placebo and has a favourable benefit‐risk balance. Larger scale clinical investigations of medications targeting the acid pocket are warranted. (EudraCT, 2012‐002188‐84)
Adenoviral infection in a collection of juvenile inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Doneley RJT , Buckle KN , Hulse L 
Published: January 2014

Case reportJuvenile inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) from a breeding collection in south‐east Queensland were presented at age 6–10 weeks with neurological signs, poor growth and occasional deaths. Histopathological examination revealed that six of eight lizards had multifocal non‐suppurative hepatitis associated with 5–10 μm diameter, smudgy, basophilic, hyaline intranuclear inclusion bodies that marginated the nuclear chromatin. These histological lesions were considered consistent with adenoviral hepatitis. Infection with adenovirus was confirmed positive in one of the eight dragons by PCR for adenoviral DNA.DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded pooled tissues of the juvenile inland bearded dragons and tested using a nested‐PCR protocol with primers specific for identification of adenovirus. Sequencing of the one PCR‐positive dragon showed 95% nucleotide sequence alignment with agamid atadenovirus 1. Further investigation involved testing the breeding population, including the parents of the affected juveniles. Blood and cloacal samples were collected from the adult population, DNA was extracted and tested by PCR for adenovirus. There was a high percentage of positive results from the samples collected from the breeding population.ConclusionThis is the first reported group outbreak of adenoviral disease in bearded dragons in Australia.