bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocation, motivation and approaches to learning: a comparative study
Authors: Arquero Jose Luis , Fernández-Polvillo Carmen , Hassall Trevor , Joyce John 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The individual characteristics of students can have a strong influence on the success of the adopted innovations in terms of their transferability and sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to compare the motivations and approaches to learning on degrees with differing vocational components.Design/methodology/approach– Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and approaches to learning framework were used as theoretical background. Questionnaires were used to generate data. The sample was composed by 270 students enroled on differing degrees in term of motivation (accounting and nursing).Findings– The results reveal differences in the approaches to learning and motivation between nursing and accounting students. Nursing degree seem to attract more internally motivated students, presenting significantly higher scores in terms of deep approach and lower scores on surface approach. Significant relationships where found between motivation and approaches.Research limitations/implications– Data are obtained from students studying at a specific university in two degrees.Practical implications– The result suggest that different degrees could attract students with different motivations and approaches to learning. Educators must be aware of which type of students are being attracted to their classrooms, because the inconsistencies between the students’ motives and approaches, the way the contents are presented, the pedagogy and the assessment system could result in poorer learning and failure to transfer or sustain innovations.Originality/value– This paper adds to the very scarce literature linking motivation and approaches. The implications for curriculum design and delivery and specifically for assessment design are of interest for educators.
A decade of change in Australia’s DBA landscape
Authors: Wallace Michelle , Byrne Cathy , Vocino Andrea , Sloan Terry , Pervan Simon J. , Blackman Deborah 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of the Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA) in Australia through the lens of a changing higher education landscape. The paper reflects on issues raised in a previous analysis of DBA programmes undertaken a decade ago, and highlights persistent challenges and emerging opportunities for professional Doctorate programmes in the Australian context.

Design/methodology/approach
– Interviews were undertaken with higher degree research directors, deans of graduate schools, and DBA programme directors from all 18 Australian institutions offering the DBA in 2013. Quantitative data on enrolments, accreditation requirements, course structures; and demographics are contextualised within a qualitative view of programme purposes, student and institutional motivations, rationales and concerns. Particular focus is given to perceptions of the difference between traditional research doctorates (PhDs) and professional doctorates, especially the DBA.

Findings
– In the decade from 2003 to 2013 DBA enrolments are down but enquiries are up, indicating unmet demand. There is a shift in the players, with some smaller, regional universities dramatically increasing their enrolments, and larger, traditional institutions exiting the space altogether. Significant changes in accreditation criteria have generated a perceptual shift: where DBAs previously suffered from “academic snobbery” regarding their legitimacy, this perception is being challenged by standards which require DBA equivalence with a PhD. This shift in standards has also created some confusion amongst supervisors and candidates.

Originality/value
– There is limited research into the DBA award or its candidates, and academic literature is generally silent on DBA supervision. This piece of research, one of very few that specifically examine the DBA, reflects on the past decade, analyses the present context and identifies emerging issues for the delivery of DBA programmes in Australia.
Knowledge sharing and service innovativeness in offshore outsourced software development firms
Authors: Wickramasinghe Vathsala 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of knowledge sharing on innovativeness in offshore outsourced software development firms.Design/methodology/approach– For the study, a survey methodology was used, and 408 respondents attached to offshore outsourced software development firms in Sri Lanka responded. The hypothesized relationships were examined by structural equation modelling.Findings– The analysis yielded a two-component factor structure for knowledge sharing, which were termed as knowledge sharing practices and knowledge availability. It was found that both knowledge sharing practices and knowledge availability significantly positively predict innovativeness. The study provided empirical data to support the contention that organizations should be able to timely deliver knowledge to the right user to enhance innovativeness.Practical implications– The findings suggest the importance of creating an environment conducive for software developers to share information, insight, lessons learned and effective practices. Further, organizations have to establish a mechanisms to capture and capitalise knowledge residing in employees.Originality/value– In the knowledge-intensive offshore business sectors such as software development, economic value is found more in intangibles and less in tangibles. The sharing of knowledge leads to the dissemination of innovative ideas, which could improve work processes and develop new business opportunities. Therefore, it is important to conduct research that would lead to better understand drivers that enhance the innovativeness of service offerings of firms located in developing countries when competing internationally in offshore outsourced software development.
Intellectual Capital dynamics: seeing them “in practice” through a temporal lens
Authors: Giuliani Marco 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to observe Intellectual Capital (IC) dynamics “in practice” through a temporal lens by considering IC as an on-going process, and thus taking into consideration its life cycle and how it changes over time.Design/methodology/approach– A longitudinal case study has been investigated by adopting a participant observation approach to understand how the dynamics of IC are understood in practice.Findings– This study spotlights three main conceptions of IC dynamics (value creation, IC activities and organizational change) which, although generally proposed in literature as separable concepts, do co-exist and interact, in practice as is reflected in the related managerial tools.Research limitations/implications– The main limitations of this study are twofold. The first is related to the methodology adopted and in particular, to the participant observation approach. The second is related to the specifics of the case study undertaken. This paper contributes to the literature on “Intellectual Capital in action” and “Intellectual Capital in practice” by enriching the understanding of IC dynamics.Originality/value– By comparison to the extant literature in which the IC dynamics concepts are considered separately, this study combines the three different concepts and examines themin vivo, adopting a longitudinal perspective.
Stepwise changes in viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae cells
Authors: Imamura Daisuke , Mizuno Tamaki , Miyoshi Shin‐ichi , Shinoda Sumio 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMany bacterial species are known to become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) under conditions that are unsuitable for growth. In this study, the requirements for resuscitation of VBNC‐state Vibrio cholerae cells were found to change over time. Although VBNC cells could initially be converted to culturable by treatment with catalase or HT‐29 cell extract, they subsequently entered a state that was not convertible to culturable by these factors. However, fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of live cells in this state, from which VBNC cells were resuscitated by co‐cultivation with HT‐29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Ultimately, all cells entered a state from which they could not be resuscitated, even by co‐cultivation with HT‐29. These characteristic changes in VBNC‐state cells were a common feature of strains in both V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups. Thus, the VBNC state of V. cholerae is not a single property but continues to change over time.
In Defence of British Politics Against the British Political Tradition
Authors: Richards David , Smith Martin J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article explores some of the current themes round the perceived crisis in British politics in supposed an age of ‘anti‐politics’. Drawing on Bernard Crick's In Defence of Politics, it offers a critique of what is referred to as a dominant British political tradition and in so doing seeks to challenge ‘demand‐side’ accounts that ostensibly defend the traditional arena politics of the Westminster system. Instead, it argues that developments around issues such as big data, social media and freedom of information have led to a more open society in recent years. It concludes by suggesting that if traditional political institutions wish to restore a greater degree of legitimacy, they need to ‘do’ or, more particularly, ‘supply’ politics differently, adapting to these changes by seeking out new modes of openness, engagement and accountability.
Stories of change in drug treatment: a narrative analysis of ‘whats’ and ‘hows’ in institutional storytelling
Authors: Andersen Ditte 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAddiction research has demonstrated how recovering individuals need narratives that make sense of past drug use and enable constructions of future, non‐addict identities. However, there has not been much investigation into how these recovery narratives actually develop moment‐to‐moment in drug treatment. Building on the sociology of storytelling and ethnographic fieldwork conducted at two drug treatment institutions for young people in Denmark, this article argues that studying stories in the context of their telling brings forth novel insights. Through a narrative analysis of both ‘the whats’ (story content) and ‘the hows’ (storying process) the article presents four findings: (1) stories of change function locally as an institutional requirement; (2) professional drug treatment providers edit young people's storytelling through different techniques; (3) the narrative environment of the drug treatment institution shapes how particular stories make sense of the past, present and future; and (4) storytelling in drug treatment is an interactive achievement. A fine‐grained analysis illuminates in particular how some stories on gender and drug use are silenced, while others are encouraged. The demonstration of how local narrative environments shape stories contributes to the general understanding of interactive storytelling in encounters between professionals and clients in treatment settings.
Genetic Absence of nNOS Worsens Fetal Alcohol Effects in Mice. II: Microencephaly and Neuronal Losses
Authors: Karacay Bahri , Mahoney Jo , Plume Jeffrey , Bonthius Daniel J. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure can kill developing neurons, leading to microencephaly and mental retardation. However, not all fetuses are equally vulnerable to alcohol's neurotoxic effects. While some fetuses are severely affected and are ultimately diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), others have no evidence of neuropathology and are behaviorally normal. These widely different outcomes among alcohol‐exposed fetuses are likely due, in part, to genetic differences. Some fetuses possess genotypes that make them much more vulnerable than others to alcohol's teratogenic effects. However, to date, only 1 gene has been identified whose mutation can worsen alcohol‐induced behavioral deficits in an animal model of FAS. That gene is neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether mutation of nNOS can likewise worsen alcohol‐induced microencephaly and lead to permanent neuronal deficits.MethodsWild‐type and nNOS−/− mice received alcohol (0.0, 2.2, or 4.4 mg/g) daily over postnatal days (PDs) 4 to 9. Beginning on PD 85, the mice underwent a series of behavioral tests; the results of which are reported in the companion paper. The brains were then weighed, and stereological cell counts were performed on the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formation, which are the brain regions that mediate the aforementioned behavioral tasks.ResultsAlcohol caused dose‐dependent microencephaly, but only in the nNOS−/− mice and not in wild‐type mice. Alcohol‐induced neuronal losses were more severe in the nNOS−/− mice than in the wild‐type mice in all of the brain regions examined, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA3 subregion, hippocampal CA1 subregion, and dentate gyrus.ConclusionsTargeted mutation of the nNOS gene increases the vulnerability of the developing brain to alcohol‐induced growth restriction and neuronal losses. This increased neuropathology is associated with worsened behavioral dysfunction. The results demonstrate the critical importance of genotype in determining the outcome of developmental alcohol exposure.
N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate Receptor Antagonism has Differential Effects on Alcohol Craving and Drinking in Heavy Drinkers
Authors: Krishnan‐Sarin Suchitra , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Franco Nicholas , Cavallo Dana A. , Morean Meghan , Shi Julia , Pittman Brian , Krystal John H. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, memantine (0, 20, 40 mg/d), upon alcohol drinking and craving in heavy drinkers with or without a family history (FH) of alcoholism, and to explore the modulatory influence of the presence of impulsivity on these outcomes.MethodsNinety‐two, nontreatment‐seeking, heavy drinkers received memantine or placebo for 8 days. On the eighth day, they received a priming dose of alcohol followed by a 3‐hour period of alcohol access.ResultsMemantine at a dose of 20 mg reduced alcohol craving but did not influence alcohol drinking. No effects of FH were observed. In participants with higher baseline levels of impulsivity, 40 mg of memantine reduced alcohol craving but increased alcohol drinking and alcohol‐induced stimulation.ConclusionsNMDA receptor signaling may play divergent roles in mediating alcohol cue‐induced craving and alcohol drinking in heavy drinkers. The potential efficacy of memantine as monotherapy for alcohol use disorders may be limited by its tendency to disinhibit drinking in some individuals.
Gambling in Finland: problem gambling in the context of a national monopoly in the European Union
Authors: Tammi Tuukka , Castrén Sari , Lintonen Tomi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo describe and analyse the Finnish gambling market, regulatory system and the state of gambling research as well as the treatment system in operation for problem gamblers.MethodA review of the literature and official documents relating to gambling in Finland, focusing primarily on the 1990s and 2000s.ResultsOnly in recent years have gambling problems become a major issue for public debate in Finland. One reason for the increase in activity to address gambling problems is that, after Finland became a member of the European Union in 1995, the Finnish state gambling monopoly and its compatibility with European Union (EU) regulations have been questioned repeatedly. Since 2000, the Finnish government has put significant new resources into the research as well as the prevention and treatment of gambling problems. The resources grew from almost nothing to several million Euros in less than 10 years. This could be seen as an attempt to protect the national gambling monopoly system by showing that the Finnish monopoly system meets EU requirements.ConclusionsSince joining the European Union in 1995, the Finnish government has been able to maintain its gambling monopoly by providing substantial resources to signal a commitment to minimizing problem gambling.
GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS, SOCIAL PERFORMANCE DISCLOSURE AND PERFORMANCE IN MICROFINANCE: DOES LEGAL STATUS MATTER?
Authors: ESTAPÉ‐DUBREUIL Glòria , TORREGUITART‐MIRADA Consol 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper we examine diverse governance mechanisms implemented by microfinance institutions, as well as their relationships with both social and financial performance, using a database obtained from the MIX, consisting of MFIs reporting data both on financial and social performance. We find that some governance mechanisms are significantly different among MFIs depending on their legal status. MFIs with NGO status have more diversity in their boards, adhere more to fair practices related to their human resources, and pay more attention to training in social performance management. Furthermore, we find that NGOs perform better at a social level (serve more clients; reach more poor clients; a large fraction of their borrowers are women). We find that external governance mechanisms have little or no effect, while board characteristics consistently and significantly affect social performance.
Annexin A1 mimetic peptide controls the inflammatory and fibrotic effects of silica particles in mice
Authors: Trentin P G , Ferreira T P T , Arantes A C S , Ciambarella B T , Cordeiro R S B , Flower R J , Perretti M , Martins M A , Silva P M R 
Published: February 2015

Background and PurposeEndogenous glucocorticoids are pro‐resolving mediators, an example of which is the endogenous glucocorticoid‐regulated protein annexin A1 (ANXA1). Because silicosis is an occupational lung disease characterized by unabated inflammation and fibrosis, in this study we tested the therapeutic properties of the N‐terminal ANXA1‐derived peptide annexin 1‐(2‐26) (Ac2‐26) on experimental silicosis.Experimental ApproachSwiss‐Webster mice were administered silica particles intranasally and were subsequently treated with intranasal peptide Ac2‐26 (200 μg per mouse) or dexamethasone (25 μg per mouse) for 7 days, starting 6 h post‐challenge. Ac2‐26 abolished the leukocyte infiltration, collagen deposition, granuloma formation and generation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines evoked by silica; these variables were only partially inhibited by dexamethasone.Key ResultsA clear exacerbation of the silica‐induced pathological changes was observed in ANXA1 knockout mice as compared with their wild‐type (WT) littermate controls. Incubation of lung fibroblasts from WT mice with Ac2‐26 in vitro reduced IL‐13 or TGF‐β‐induced production of CCL2 (MCP‐1) and collagen, but this peptide did not affect the production of CCL2 (MCP‐1) by stimulated fibroblasts from formyl peptide receptor type 1 (FPR1) knockout mice. Ac2‐26 also inhibited the production of CCL2 (MCP‐1) from fibroblasts of FPR2 knockout mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsCollectively, our findings reveal novel protective properties of the ANXA1 derived peptide Ac2‐26 on the inflammatory and fibrotic responses induced by silica, and suggest that ANXA1 mimetic agents might be a promising strategy as innovative anti‐fibrotic approaches for the treatment of silicosis.
Immunotherapy based on bispecific T‐cell engager with hIgG1 Fc sequence as a new therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Zou Jianxuan , Chen Dan , Zong Yunhui , Ye Sisi , Tang Jinle , Meng Huimin , An Gangli , Zhang Xingding , Yang Lin 
Published: February 2015

Bispecific antibodies play an important role in immunotherapy. They have received intense interest from pharmaceutical enterprises. The first antibody drug, OKT3 (muromonab‐CD3), showed great performance in clinical treatment. We have successfully developed a single‐chain variable fragment (ScFv) combination of anti‐CD3 ScFv and anti‐CD138 ScFv with the hIgG1 Fc (hIgFc) sequence. The novel bispecific T‐cell engager (BiTE) with an additional hIgFc (BiTE‐hIgFc, STL001) can target T cells, natural killer cells, and multiple myeloma cells (RPMI‐8226 or U266). In addition, BiTE‐hIgFc (STL001) has nanomolar‐level affinity to recombinant human CD138 protein and shows more potent antitumor activity against RPMI‐8226 cells than that of separate aCD3‐ScFv‐hIgFc and aCD138‐ScFv‐hIgFc, or the isotype mAb in vitro or in vivo.
Economic evaluations of contingency management in illicit drug misuse programmes: A systematic review
Authors: Shearer James , Tie Hiong , Byford Sarah 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIssuesUK clinical guidelines published in 2007 recommended contingency management (CM) as an adjunct to opiate substitution therapy. However, CM has not been adopted in the UK despite evidence of clinical effectiveness. Evidence for the cost‐effectiveness of CM is less clear and will need to be explored if CM is to be adopted by national health systems in countries such as the UK.ApproachSystematic review and descriptive synthesis of published economic evaluations.Key FindingsThe review identified nine published studies that could be classified as economic evaluations. These were all based within US treatment settings, and five were conducted by the same group of authors. All studies found that the addition of CM to usual care increased both costs and effects (commonly drug abstinence or medication adherence).ImplicationsThis review confirms that the existing evidence base for cost‐effectiveness has limited generalisability beyond the original research clinical settings and populations.ConclusionThe data were not sufficiently strong to make any conclusion about the cost‐effectiveness of CM. More relevant and comprehensive evidence for cost‐effectiveness than currently exists is needed. [Shearer J, Tie H, Byford S. Economic evaluations of contingency management in illicit drug misuse programmes: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015]
Think fast! The relationship between goal prediction speed and social competence in infants
Authors: Krogh‐Jespersen Sheila , Liberman Zoe , Woodward Amanda L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSkilled social interactions require knowledge about others' intentions and the ability to implement this knowledge in real‐time to generate appropriate responses to one's partner. Young infants demonstrate an understanding of other people's intentions (e.g. Woodward, Sommerville, Gerson, Henderson & Buresh, 2009), yet it is not until the second year that infants seem to master the real‐time implementation of their knowledge during social interactions (e.g. Warneken & Tomasello, 2007). The current study investigates the possibility that developments in social competence during the second year are related to increases in the speed with which infants can employ their understanding of others' intentions. Twenty‐ to 22‐month‐old infants (N = 23) viewed videos of goal‐directed actions on a Tobii eye‐tracker and then engaged in an interactive perspective‐taking task. Infants who quickly and accurately anticipated another person's future behavior in the eye‐tracking task were more successful at taking their partner's perspective in the social interaction. Success on the perspective‐taking task was specifically related to the ability to correctly predict another person's intentions. These findings highlight the importance of not only being a ‘smart’ social partner but also a ‘fast’ social thinker.