bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building from a conceptual model of the resilience process during ageing, towards the Groningen Aging Resilience Inventory
Authors: van Abbema Renske , Bielderman Annemiek , De Greef Mathieu , Hobbelen Hans , Krijnen Wim , van der Schans Cees 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the Groningen Ageing Resilience Inventory.BackgroundAgeing is a process that is often accompanied by functional limitation, disabilities and losses. Instead of focusing on these negative events of ageing, there are opportunities in focusing on adaptation mechanisms, like resilience, that are helpful to cope with those adversities.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodThe study was conducted from 2011–2012. First, a conceptual model of resilience during the ageing process was constructed. Next, items were formulated that made up a comprehensive template questionnaire reflecting the model. Finally, a cross‐sectional study was performed to evaluate the construct validity and internal consistency of this template 16‐item questionnaire.FindingsParticipants (N = 229) with a mean age of 71·5 years, completed the template 16‐item Groningen Ageing Resilience Inventory, and performance based tests and psychological questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a two factor solution of internal and external resources of resilience. Three items did not discriminate well between the two factors and were deleted, remaining a final 13‐item questionnaire that shows evidence of good internal consistency. The direction and magnitude of the correlations with other measures support the construct validity.ConclusionThe Groningen Ageing Resilience Inventory is a useful instrument that can help nurses, other healthcare workers, researchers and providers of informal care to identify the internal and external resources of resilience in individuals and groups. In a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial approach this knowledge provides tools for empowering older patients in performing health promoting behaviors and self‐care tasks.
A concept analysis of ‘Meaning in work’ and its implications for nursing
Authors: Lee Soohee 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of ‘meaning in work’.BackgroundAssociated with initiatives to improve the quality of working life and the emerging movement of positive organizations, ‘meaning in work’ has been studied as a positive individual‐level state. ‘Meaning in work’ has potential benefits that will improve the nursing workforce if this concept is embraced in nursing. However, the concept is not clearly defined because it has been approached from diverse theoretical perspectives and used interchangeably with analogous terms.DesignA concept analysis.Data sourcesThree key terms (using ‘work’, ‘meaning’ or ‘meaningful’, ‘meaning of work’, ‘logotherapy’) were searched in theCINAHL, PsycINFO, Business Source Complete andABI/INFORMGlobal online databases from January 1940–March 2015. Among 346 articles retrieved, 28 studies were included for this concept analysis.MethodsThe procedure of concept analysis developed by Walker and Avant (2011) was used.ResultsFour critical attributes are identified: (1) experienced positive emotion at work; (2) meaning from work itself; (3) meaningful purpose and goals of work; and (4) work as a part of life that contributes towards meaningful existence. The identified antecedent of ‘meaning in work’ was a cognitive shift and the identified consequences were positive personal experience and positive impact on peers and organizations.ConclusionThis article provides a clear definition of ‘meaning in work’. The resulting coherent definition will facilitate the use of ‘meaning in work’ in nursing research.
Phylogeography of six codistributed New Zealand cicadas and their relationship to multiple biogeographical boundaries suggest a re‐evaluation of the Taupo Line
Authors: Ellis Emily A. , Marshall David C. , Hill Kathy B. R. , Owen Christopher L. , Kamp Peter J. J. , Simon Chris 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimComparative biogeographers question the extent to which codistributed species respond similarly to environmental change. Such responses should create similar, appropriately timed patterns of cladogenesis among codistributed taxa compared to evolutionary independence, which may limit the predictions that can be made for unstudied species. Here, we compare phylogeographical patterns across ecologically divergent, codistributed taxa in the light of New Zealand's palaeohistory.LocationNorth Island, New Zealand.MethodsMitochondrial DNA from six codistributed cicada species (Kikihia ochrina, K. cutora, K. laneorum, K. cauta, K. scutellaris and K. dugdalei) was analysed using phylogenetic methods and molecular dating techniques. We analysed phylogeographical distributions using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to determine the significance of hypothesized biogeographical boundaries for clade differentiation and spatial distribution of genetic diversity.ResultsFive species (Kikihia ochrina, K. cutora, K. laneorum, K. cauta and K. scutellaris) show various degrees of intraspecific concordance with biogeographical boundaries found in previously studied taxa – the Kauri Line, the Northland Line and the newly identified Cockayne's Line. Clade splits of forest species correlate with the Kauri Line and/or Northland Line, whereas splits of scrub/hill species correlate with Cockayne's Line. Four species (Kikihia ochrina, K. cutora, K. laneorum and K. cauta) diversified before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 20 ka), whereas two species (K. scutellaris and K. dugdalei) show only post‐LGM diversification.Main conclusionsDespite species idiosyncrasies, we see the imprint of shared palaeoclimatic/geological events. We distinguish between (1) the importance of biogeographical lines as the demarcation between older genetically diverse and newer genetically depauperate populations, and (2) the importance of lines as biogeographical boundaries between sister clades. We also stress the importance of dating clade splits to ensure consistency with explanations for the biogeographical lines in question. We suggest that the Taupo Line has been overemphasized as a biogeographical boundary, whereas the importance of the mountain axis running north‐east to south‐west (‘Cockayne's Line’) has been overlooked.
Competing paradigms of Amazonian diversification and the Pleistocene refugium hypothesis
Authors: Garzón‐Orduña Ivonne J. , Benetti‐Longhini Jennifer E. , Brower Andrew V. Z. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEvidence from butterflies and birds suggests that most extant Amazonian species arose during the Pleistocene (< 2.6 Ma). If these speciation events share common, extrinsic causes, their explanation probably involves climate‐driven biogeographical shifts, because the major orogenic events shaping the biogeography of the Neotropics were over by then. In the light of these observations, criticisms of the Pleistocene refugium hypothesis are examined.
Application of systems thinking: 12‐month postintervention evaluation of a complex health system intervention in Zambia: the case of the BHOMA
Authors: Mutale Wilbroad , Ayles Helen , Bond Virginia , Chintu Namwinga , Chilengi Roma , Mwanamwenge Margaret Tembo , Taylor Angela , Spicer Neil , Balabanova Dina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesStrong health systems are said to be paramount to achieving effective and equitable health care. The World Health Organization has been advocating for using system‐wide approaches such as ‘systems thinking’ to guide intervention design and evaluation. In this paper we report the system‐wide effects of a complex health system intervention in Zambia known as Better Health Outcome through Mentorship and Assessment (BHOMA) that aimed to improve service quality.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in three target districts. We used a systems thinking conceptual framework to guide the analysis focusing on intended and unintended consequences of the intervention. NVivo version 10 was used for data analysis.ResultsThe addressed community responded positively to the BHOMA intervention. The indications were that in the short term there was increased demand for services but the health worker capacity was not severely affected. This means that the prediction that service demand would increase with implementation of BHOMA was correct and the workload also increased, but the help of clinic lay supporters meant that some of the work of clinicians was transferred to these lay workers. However, from a systems perspective, unintended consequences also occurred during the implementation of the BHOMA.ConclusionsWe applied an innovative approach to evaluate a complex intervention in low‐income settings, exploring empirically how systems thinking can be applied in the context of health system strengthening. Although the intervention had some positive outcomes by employing system‐wide approaches, we also noted unintended consequences.
Outcomes of clinical decision support (CDS) and correlates of CDS use for home care patients with high medication regimen complexity: a randomized trial
Authors: McDonald Margaret V. , Feldman Penny H. , Barrón‐Vayá Yolanda , Peng Timothy R. , Sridharan Sridevi , Pezzin Liliana E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesTo assess the outcomes of a clinical decision support (CDS) intervention designed for home care patients with high medication regimen complexity (MRC) and to examine correlates of CDS use.MethodThe CDS consisted of a computerized algorithm that identified high MRC patients, electronic alerts and a care management module. Nurses were randomized upon identification of an eligible patient. Full intention to treat and intervention group‐only analyses were completed. Regression‐adjusted outcomes were hospitalization, emergency department use and reduction in MRC.ResultsFive hundred nurses were randomized with 7919 of their patients. Approximately 20% of the intervention group was hospitalized versus 21% in the control group; 16.5% versus 16.7% had an emergency department visit; and 6% in each group dropped below the high MRC threshold. No statistically significant differences were found in the intention to treat analysis. Eighty‐two percent of intervention nurses used the CDS but for only 42% of their patients. Among intervention patients, CDS use (vs. non‐use) was associated with reduced MRC and hospitalization. CDS use was associated with various clinician and patient characteristics.ConclusionCDS use was limited, negating the impact of the intervention overall. Findings on correlates of CDS use and the relationship between CDS use and positive outcomes suggest that CDS use and outcomes could be enhanced by avoiding short patient lengths of stay, improving continuity of care, increasing reliance on salaried nurses and/or increasing per diem nurses' incentives to use CDS.
INDIVIDUAL DETERMINANTS OF SELF‐EMPLOYMENT ENTRY: WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW?
Authors: Simoes Nadia , Crespo Nuno , Moreira Sandrina B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe analysis of the decision to enter into self‐employment is a hot topic in the economic literature. Among the elements that most directly influence this decision, individual factors are central. This study produces a comprehensive survey of the impact of these factors, covering both the theoretical arguments and the main conclusions emerging from the empirical studies. We analyze 12 critical determinant factors of the entry into self‐employment grouped into seven categories: (1) basic individual characteristics (gender, age, marital status, and children); (2) family background (parents and spouse); (3) personality characteristics; (4) human capital (education and experience); (5) health condition; (6) nationality and ethnicity; and (7) access to financial resources. While for some of the factors solid conclusions can be found, for others additional research is still needed in order to shed further light on their influence.
Can different geographic conditions affect the formation of striae gravidarum? A multicentric study
Authors: Narin Raziye , Nazik Hakan , Narin Mehmet Ali , Nazik Evşen , Özdemir Funda , Karabulutlu Özlem , Gönenç İlknur Münevver , Attar Rukset , Adıgüzel Cevdet , Aytan Hakan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimStriae gravidarum (SG) is a most common physiological skin change that many pregnant women experience during pregnancy. We investigated the effects of geographic conditions and altitude on the formation of SG.Material and MethodsA total of 508 nulliparous women with singleton gestation were included in the study from three different geographic locations. The first city is located in the mountainous area at an altitude of approximately 1900 m (approximately 6233 ft). The second city is located on a plain in the middle of the country at an altitude of 900 m (approximately 2952 ft). The third city is located by the seaside (altitude 26 m, 85 ft). Twelve variables were recorded for each woman in the prepartum period, and striae were scored using the numerical scoring system of Atwal et al.ResultsWe found that striae formation was significantly more common in higher areas. According to the regression analyses, when the third region, located at sea level, was taken as a reference point, the appearance of SG was 2.1‐ and 1.8‐fold more common in the first region (altitude 1900 m) and the second region (altitude 900 m), respectively (P = 0.020).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on SG formation. Moreover, our study group is one of the largest in the published work. Environmental factors can affect the formation of striae gravidarum. Further studies with different ethnic groups are needed.
MRI Texture Analysis Reveals Deep Gray Nuclei Damage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: de Albuquerque Milena , Anjos Lara G.V. , Maia Tavares de Andrade Helen , de Oliveira Márcia S. , Castellano Gabriela , Junqueira Ribeiro de Rezende Thiago , Nucci Anamarli , Cavalcante França Junior Marcondes 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by extensive corticospinal damage, but extrapyramidal involvement is suggested in pathological studies. Texture analysis (TA) is an image processing technique that evaluates the distribution of gray levels between pixels in a given region of interest (ROI). It provides quantitative data and has been employed in several neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we used TA to investigate possible deep gray nuclei (DGN) abnormalities in a cohort of ALS patients.METHODSThirty‐two ALS patients and 32 healthy controls underwent MRI in a 3T scanner. The T1 volumetric sequence was used for DGN segmentation and extraction of 11 texture parameters using the MaZda software. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann‐Whitney non‐parametric test, with a significance level set at α = 0.025 (FDR‐corrected) for TA.RESULTSPatients had significantly higher values for the parameter correlation (CO) in both thalami and in the right caudate nucleus compared to healthy controls. Also, the parameter Inverse Difference Moment or Homogeneity (IDM) presented significantly smaller values in the ALS group in both thalami.CONCLUSIONSTA of T1 weighted images revealed DGN alterations in patients with ALS, namely in the thalami and caudate nuclei.
A limited role for apparent competition via granivory in the persistence of a grassland invader
Authors: Radtke Troy M. , Wilson Scott D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimsApparent competition, in which an invasive plant species promotes herbivory on native plants, has been found in several species‐level studies, but has not been investigated at the community level. We compared native and invaded communities to test two hypotheses: that granivory is higher in invaded than native grassland communities, and that granivory is lower for seeds of invasive than native species.LocationNorthern edge of the Great Plains, northeast Montana, USA and south Saskatchewan, Canada.MethodsWe studied the widespread invasive grass Agropyron cristatum, which has established on >10 million ha in North America. We compared low‐biomass, diverse native grassland and high‐biomass, species‐poor Agropyron‐dominated stands at five sites across 250 km over 2 yr near the northern edge of the Great Plains.ResultsGranivory in Agropyron stands was nearly double that in native grassland (P < 0.05), but only in 1 yr (2009). In both years, granivory increased significantly over the growing season and with the cover of forbs. At the two most distal sites, granivory of Agropyron seeds was very similar to the average of all six other plant species examined, suggesting that the invasive species was neither favoured nor disadvantaged by granivory. An exclosure experiment suggested that both birds and small mammals contributed to granivory. As in the community comparison, significant differences among seed species and animal exclosures appeared in 2009 but not 2010.ConclusionsHigher granivory in Agropyron stands than native grasslands provided some evidence for apparent competition, but the absence of this effect in 1 yr, combined with the lack of different granivory rates of Agropyron seeds, suggests that granivory‐related apparent competition plays a small role in the persistence of this invader. Instead, granivory is more consistently related to time within the growing season and the cover of forbs, and the persistence of Agropyron may be more strongly related to other factors, especially its relatively great root production.
Thermoregulation across thermal environments in a nocturnal gecko
Authors: Tan W. C. , Schwanz L. E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThermoregulation is a complicated paradigm in ecological physiology, yet is crucial to understanding species' response to climatic change. With an ectotherm's ability to exercise a continuous range of thermoregulatory strategies, describing thermoregulatory behaviour can be complex. The characterization of such behaviour depends critically on measuring the available thermal environment. Here, we examined thermoregulatory behaviour of a nocturnal gecko Gehyra variegata across different thermal environments using the standard index of effectiveness. We measured field body temperatures (Tb), preferred temperatures determined in the laboratory (Tp) and environmental (operative) temperatures (Te) to compare how closely field body temperatures matched preferred temperatures in comparison with environmental temperatures. We found out that G. variegata largely thermoconforms at night but also shows variation in thermoregulatory behaviour. In particular, there was a significant relationship between the effectiveness of thermoregulation and air temperature, which supports the conclusion that G. variegata can modestly alter their nocturnal thermoregulatory strategy when the costs and benefits change.
Rabindranath Tagore: the Next 50 Years
Authors: Radice William 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis concluding article to the special journal issue on Rabindranath Tagore provides an overview of the multiple events that have been happening since 2009 leading up to the celebration of Tagore's 150th birth anniversary (May 2011–May 2012) across the world and assesses his global impact. The various dimensions of Tagore as poet and prophet, mystic and philosopher, activist and pragmatist, educationist and environmentalist are reconsidered against this resurgence. This paper offers a fresh cognizance of Tagore's rhythmic aesthetics permeating his entire body of work and affirms the performative appeal of Tagore's work which crosses linguistic barriers and continues to have a universal resonance, confirming Tagore's global relevance in the coming decades.
Inside Out, Outside In: Thinking a Tagorean Future of Education
Authors: Kupfer Christine 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRabindranath Tagore's ideas can still inspire education in the East as well as in the West today. In this paper, I survey Tagore's philosophical anthropology and argue that there is more coherence to his philosophy and pedagogy than is usually seen. For Tagore, the highest goal is to make the world one's own, as well as to enlarge one's self to encompass the world. The educational practices through which this ideal can be reached can be classified as “creative action,” “love,” and “freedom.” On the basis of such an ideal, realms such as the arts, nature, and movement no longer remain expendable additions to the kind of knowledge‐driven education that aims primarily at making everyone economically productive. One of the problems with such a pedagogical strategy is that it treats human beings as means and not as ends. Tagore's educational approach (his “method of nature”) refrains from turning children into adults as soon as possible and accepts the deceleration of learning and the simplification of living as most forward‐leading approach to a successful and comprehensive education.
Molecular evolution patterns reveal life history features of mycoplasma‐related endobacteria associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Toomer Kevin H. , Chen Xiuhua , Naito Mizue , Mondo Stephen J. , den Bakker Henk C. , VanKuren Nicholas W. , Lekberg Ylva , Morton Joseph B. , Pawlowska Teresa E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe mycoplasma‐related endobacteria (MRE), representing a recently discovered lineage of Mollicutes, are widely distributed across arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota). AMF colonize roots of most terrestrial plants and improve plant mineral nutrient uptake in return for plant‐assimilated carbon. The role of MRE in the biology of their fungal hosts is unknown. To start characterizing this association, we assessed partitioning of MRE genetic diversity within AMF individuals and across the AMF phylogeographic range. We further used molecular evolution patterns to make inferences about MRE codivergence with AMF, their lifestyle and antiquity of the Glomeromycota–MRE association. While we did not detect differentiation between MRE derived from different continents, high levels of diversity were apparent in MRE populations within AMF host individuals. MRE exhibited significant codiversification with AMF over ecological time and the absence of codivergence over evolutionary time. Moreover, genetic recombination was evident in MRE. These patterns indicate that, while MRE transmission is predominantly vertical, their complex intrahost populations are likely generated by horizontal transmission and recombination. Based on predictions of evolutionary theory, we interpreted these observations as a suggestion that MRE may be antagonists of AMF. Finally, we detected a marginally significant signature of codivergence of MRE with Glomeromycota and the Endogone lineage of Mucoromycotina, implying that the symbiosis between MRE and fungi may predate the divergence between these two groups of fungi.