bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of multidomain titanomagnetite to the intensity and stability of Mars crustal magnetic anomalies
Authors: Brachfeld Stefanie , Cuomo David , Tatsumi‐Petrochilos Lisa , Bowles Julie A. , Shah Deepa , Hammer Julia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo basalts with compositions relevant to the crusts of Mars and Earth were synthesized at igneous temperatures and held at 650°C for 21 to 257 days under quartz‐fayalite‐magnetite fO2 buffer conditions. The run products are germane to slowly cooled igneous intrusions, which might be a significant volumetric fraction of the Martian crust and carriers of magnetic anomalies in the Southern Highlands. Both basalts acquired intense thermoremanent magnetizations and intense but easily demagnetized anhysteretic remanent magnetizations carried by homogeneous multidomain titanomagnetite. Hypothetical intrusions on Mars composed of these materials would be capable of acquiring intense remanences sufficient to generate the observed anomalies. However, the remanence would be easily demagnetized by impact events after the cessation of the Mars geodynamo. Coercivity enhancement by pressure or formation of single domain regions via exsolution within the multidomain grains is necessary for long‐term retention of a remanence carried exclusively by multidomain titanomagnetite grains.
Estimating the free gas content in Baltic Sea sediments using compressional wave velocity from marine seismic data
Authors: Tóth Zsuzsanna , Spiess Volkhard , Mogollón José M. , Jensen Jørn Bo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 2‐D high‐resolution velocity field was obtained from marine seismic data to quantify free gas content in shallow muddy sediments at in situ pressure and temperature. The velocities were acquired applying Migration Velocity Analysis on prestack time‐migrated data. Compressional wave velocities are highly sensitive to free gas as very small amounts of gas can cause a significant decrease in the medium velocity. The analyzed profile crosses a depression filled with organic‐rich Holocene mud in the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea. The interval velocity field reveals two low‐velocity patches, which extend from the reversed polarity reflections marking the top of the gassy sediment layer down to the base of the Holocene mud. Average interval velocities within the gassy mud are lower than the seafloor migration velocity by up to ∼500 m/s. This decrease, using a geoacoustic model, is caused by an average 0.046% gas volume fraction. The interval velocities in individual cells of the velocity field are reduced to ∼200 m/s predicting up to 3.4% gas content. The velocity field is limited in resolution due to velocity determination at and between reflections; however, together with the stratigraphic interpretation, geological units containing free gas could be identified. Shallow gas occurs vertically throughout most of the Holocene mud in the gassy area. Comparison with biogeochemical studies at other Baltic Sea sites suggests that the distribution of free gas is likely to be patchy in the sediment, but the gas concentration may peak below the sulfate‐methane transition zone and gradually decrease below.
Dansgaard‐Oeschger forcing of sea surface temperature variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic between 500 and 400 ka (MIS 12)
Authors: Naafs B. D. A. , Hefter J. , Stein R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUsing a high‐resolution record of alkenone‐based sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the midlatitude North Atlantic covering the period between 500 and 400 ka here we show that during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12, SSTs in this region were characterized by numerous abrupt jumps in the order of 3–6°C, spaced every 3–4 ka. We argue that these abrupt warming events in the midlatitude North Atlantic reflect Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D/O) events, which are corroborated by the correlation to the synthetic record of Greenland climate for this time period. These results demonstrate that during MIS 12 the direct influence of high‐latitude climate was far larger than during the last glacial and reached all the way into the midlatitude North Atlantic. In addition the consistent temporal lag between surface water cooling and appearance of ice‐rafted debris demonstrates that icebergs were not the cause for cooling in the North Atlantic at this time. We hypothesize that the extreme impact of D/O events during MIS 12 as recorded in our record must have had an imprint on global climate and will therefore be important to evaluate future high‐resolution climate records or model efforts that cover this time period.
High prevalence of NMDA receptor IgA/IgM antibodies in different dementia types
Authors: Doss Sarah , Wandinger Klaus‐Peter , Hyman Bradley T. , Panzer Jessica A. , Synofzik Matthis , Dickerson Bradford , Mollenhauer Brit , Scherzer Clemens R. , Ivinson Adrian J. , Finke Carsten , Schöls Ludger , Müller vom Hagen Jennifer , Trenkwalder Claudia , Jahn Holger , Höltje Markus , Biswal Bharat B. , Harms Lutz , Ruprecht Klemens , Buchert Ralph , Höglinger Günther U. , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Unger Marcus M. , Körtvélyessy Peter , Bittner Daniel , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike J. , Paul Friedemann , Meisel Andreas , Lynch David R. , Dirnagl Ulrich , Endres Matthias , Teegen Bianca , Probst Christian , Komorowski Lars , Stöcker Winfried , Dalmau Josep , Prüss Harald 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively determine the frequency of N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) autoantibodies in patients with different forms of dementia.MethodsClinical characterization of 660 patients with dementia, neurodegenerative disease without dementia, other neurological disorders and age‐matched healthy controls combined with retrospective analysis of serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the presence of NMDAR antibodies. Antibody binding to receptor mutants and the effect of immunotherapy were determined in a subgroup of patients.ResultsSerum NMDAR antibodies of IgM, IgA, or IgG subtypes were detected in 16.1% of 286 dementia patients (9.5% IgM, 4.9% IgA, and 1.7% IgG) and in 2.8% of 217 cognitively healthy controls (1.9% IgM and 0.9% IgA). Antibodies were rarely found in CSF. The highest prevalence of serum antibodies was detected in patients with “unclassified dementia” followed by progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, Parkinson's disease‐related dementia, and primary progressive aphasia. Among the unclassified dementia group, 60% of 20 patients had NMDAR antibodies, accompanied by higher frequency of CSF abnormalities, and subacute or fluctuating disease progression. Immunotherapy in selected prospective cases resulted in clinical stabilization, loss of antibodies, and improvement of functional imaging parameters. Epitope mapping showed varied determinants in patients with NMDAR IgA‐associated cognitive decline.InterpretationSerum IgA/IgM NMDAR antibodies occur in a significant number of patients with dementia. Whether these antibodies result from or contribute to the neurodegenerative disorder remains unknown, but our findings reveal a subgroup of patients with high antibody levels who can potentially benefit from immunotherapy.
Comparison of total body and abdominal adiposity indexes to dual x‐ray absorptiometry scan in obese adolescents
Authors: Thivel David , O'Malley Grace , Pereira Bruno , Duché Pascale , Aucouturier Julien 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveWhile indexes have been proposed to estimate total and abdominal adiposity in adults, the assessment of adiposity among obese adolescents remains difficult in clinical setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of total and visceral and fat mass indexes in obese adolescents.MethodsOne hundred and thirty, 12–16 year old obese adolescents were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric characteristics [Height, weight, waist (WC), and hip (HC) circumferences] were measured and body composition assessed by Dual X‐Ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed. High Density Lipoprotein‐Cholesterol (HDL‐C) and Triglycerides (TG) plasma concentrations were assessed from fasting blood samples. Body Adiposity indexes (BAI) were calculated from formulas taking into account, height, weight, and WC, and for the Visceral Adiposity indexes, a formula including WC, HDL‐C, and TG.ResultsBoth the BAI and Pediatric Body Adiposity Index (BAIp) were significantly correlated to the percentage of total body fat assessed by DXA (DXA %FM; P < 0.001; r = 0.67 and r = 0.64, respectively). The best concordance with DXA %FM was found using BAI. The Visceral Adiposity Index was only weakly associated with abdominal fat mass assessed by DXA (r = 0.27, P < 0.01) and only significantly in boys (r = 0.41, P < 0.01) when the analysis was performed by gender.ConclusionThe BAI initially developed in adults presented a better but still weak association with DXA‐%FM when compared with the BAIw and BAIp. The three indices thus do not provide better estimate of obese adolescents' adiposity than the widely used Body Mass Index. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:334–338, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paternal age predicts offspring chances of marriage and reproduction
Authors: Fieder Martin , Huber Susanne 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesMutation‐selection balance theory proposes that a balance of forces between constantly arising mildly harmful mutations and selection causes variation in genetic configuration and phenotypic condition. As mutations are predominantly deleterious, the entry of variation due to mutations is kept at low frequencies by selection. It has recently been demonstrated that nearly all de novo mutation are caused by paternal age.MethodsWe examined on basis of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n = 6,182) whether a subject's probability of having ever married as well as having ever reproduced is associated with that subject's father's age at subject's birth.ResultsWe find that advanced paternal but not maternal age at subject's birth predicts a lower chance of ever being married and a higher chance of childlessness, even controlling for various confounders.ConclusionsAs marriage is a prerequisite of reproduction in this sample, we discuss that mate choice may provide a mechanism to prevent too high mutation load in the progeny. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:339–343, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diurnal variation in salivary cortisol across age classes in Ache Amerindian males of Paraguay
Authors: Amir Dorsa , Ellison Peter T. , Hill Kim R. , Bribiescas Richard G. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesCortisol levels exhibit a diurnal rhythm in healthy men, with peaks in the morning and troughs in the evening. Throughout age, however, this rhythm tends to flatten. This diurnal flattening has been demonstrated in a majority of industrialized populations, although the results have not been unanimous. Regardless, little attention has been paid to nonindustrialized, foraging populations such as the Ache Amerindians of Paraguay. As testosterone levels had previously been shown to diminish with age in this population (Bribiescas and Hill [2010]: Am J Hum Biol 22: 216–220), we hypothesized that cortisol levels would behave similarly, flattening in rhythmicity over age.MethodsWe examined morning and evening salivary cortisol samples in Ache Amerindian men in association with age (n = 40, age range 20–64 years).ResultsMen in the first age class (<20–29 years) exhibited significantly different morning (AM) and evening (PM) values as did men in the second age class (30–39 years). However, men in the third and fourth age classes (40–49 years, and >50 years, respectively) did not exhibit a significant difference between AM and PM values.ConclusionAche Amerindian men exhibit a flattening of the diurnal rhythm across age classes. Our results were able to capture both within‐ and between‐individual variations in cortisol levels, and reflected age‐related contrasts in daily cortisol fluctuations. The flattening of the diurnal rhythm with age among the Ache may reflect a common and shared aspect of male senescence across ecological contexts and lifestyles. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:344–348, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of enduringly antifouling PVDF membrane with compatible zwitterionic copolymer via thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Tu Kai , Shen Peng , Li Jian , Fan Bo , Yang Changyu , Du Ruxu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe compatible zwitterionic copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate [3‐(methacryloylamino)propyl]dimethyl(3‐sulfopropyl)ammonium‐hydroxide) p(MMA‐MPDSAH) with different MPDSAH ratio are synthesized by free radical polymerization. A serial of copolymers are obtained successfully with narrow molecular weight dispersion. The MPDSAH branch ratio varies from 5% to 20%. It is initially applied to fabricate enduringly antifouling poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane through a simple approach of blending by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). The influence of zwitterionic copolymer on membrane morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was proven effective to improve the hydrophilic property of PVDF membrane as the water contact angles dramatically decreased from 80° to 40°, leading to a significant enhancement of antifouling ability. The absorbed bull serum albumin (BSA) content on modified membranes has cut almost 50%. The residual content of p(MMA‐MPDSAH) in membrane is over 40% and able to reach 80% even at vigorous rinsing by controlling copolymer structure. It guarantees the modified membrane has vested enduringly antifouling ability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41362.
Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of nanotalc reinforced PA6/SEBS‐g‐MA composites
Authors: Hemlata  , Maiti S. N. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTernary butylene‐styrene‐g‐maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) (100/20 w/w) blend with varying content of nanotalc (1, 3, and 5 wt %) were prepared by melt compounding followed by injection molding. Thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the results show that the thermal properties of nanocomposites are slightly improved by the addition of nanotalc content. The morphology of nanocomposites using wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the delamination of talc layers in the ternary nanocomposites. The dynamic mechanical properties of the samples were analyzed by using dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). The results show that the storage modulus of the blend monotonically increased while tan δ curve show the diffuse pattern with the nanotalc content. The mechanical properties of PA6/SEBS‐g‐MA nanocomposites were studied by tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The tensile and flexural properties continuously increased while izod impact and elongation‐at‐break decreased with nanotalc content. Various theoretical predictive models were used to correlate tensile modulus with the experimental data. The experimental data shows the positive deviation with the applied models. Bela Pukanszky model has been used to calculate the value of parameter B by employing tensile strength data. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41381.
Impact of oxygen transport properties on polypropylene thermal oxidation, part 1: Effect of oxygen solubility
Authors: François‐Heude Alexandre , Richaud Emmanuel , Guinault Alain , Desnoux Eric , Colin Xavier 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA general kinetic model is proposed to describe the polypropylene thermal oxidation of thin polypropylene films in a wide range of temperatures (from 60 to 200°C) and oxygen partial pressures (from 0.02 to 5 MPa) using a single set of parameters. This model was calibrated with several series of experimental data including analyses of primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary oxidation products (carbonyl species), and subsequent changes in macromolecular properties (average molecular masses). It predicts the experimental data previously published in the literature in terms of induction times and maximal oxidation rates. The variability of the oxygen solubility coefficient allows to explain the scattering of induction times and oxidation rates among the whole iPP family, but also the dependence of this latter quantity with oxygen partial pressure. This variability is presumably due to iPP polymorphism in the temperature range where oxygen permeability is commonly measured. It is concluded that the kinetic model can be used to study the direct effect of iPP morphology on its thermal oxidation kinetics (chemistry of oxidation). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41441.
Development of fibrin conjugated chitosan/nano β‐TCP composite scaffolds with improved cell supportive property for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Siddiqui Nadeem , Pramanik Krishna 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn the present study, an attempt has been made to improve cell supportive property of chitosan/nano beta tri‐calcium phosphate (β‐TCP) composite scaffolds by modification of scaffold surface with fibrin using ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodimide (EDC) as crosslinking agent. The developed fibrin conjugated chitosan/nano β‐TCP composite scaffolds possess desired pore size and porosity in the range of 45–151 µm and 81.4 ± 4.1%, respectively. No significant change in compressive strength of scaffolds was observed before and after fibrin conjugation. The calculated compressive strength of fibrin conjugated and non‐conjugated chitosan/nano β‐TCP scaffolds are 2.71 ± 0.14 MPa and 2.67 ± 0.11 MPa, respectively. Results of cell culture study have further shown an enhanced cell attachment, cell number, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization on fibrin conjugated chitosan/nano β‐TCP scaffold. The uniform cell distribution over the scaffold surface and cell infiltration into the scaffold pores were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, higher expression of osteogenic specific genes such as bone sialo protein, osteonectin, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin (OC) on fibrin conjugated scaffolds was observed when compared to scaffolds without fibrin. Altogether, results indicate the potentiality of developed fibrin conjugated composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41534.
Exploring the role of stearic acid in modified zinc aluminum layered double hydroxides and their acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Eshwaran Subramani Bhagavatheswaran , Basu Debdipta , Vaikuntam Sankar Raman , Kutlu Burak , Wiessner Sven , Das Amit , Naskar Kinsuk , Heinrich Gert 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe proposed study attempted to explore the role of stearic acid modification on the properties of zinc‐aluminum based layered double hydroxides (LDH) and their composites with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Three distinctive LDH systems were adapted for such comparison; an unmodified LDH and two stearic acid modified LDH. The use of zinc oxide and stearic acid in the rubber formulation was avoided as the modified LDH would be able to deliver the necessary activators for the vulcanization process. Emphasis was predominantly given to reconnoiter the merits of stearic acid modification on the increase in interlayer distance of the LDH. X‐ray diffraction studies and transmission electron microscope morphological investigations of LDH powders indicated that modification with stearic acid increased the interlayer spacing which would favor the intercalation of NBR polymer chains into the layered space. However, stress–strain studies indicated better mechanical properties for composites with unmodified LDH. Composites with LDH showed higher crosslinking densities than conventionally sulfur cured control compounds using zinc oxide/stearic acid as activators. This was evident from equilibrium swelling method as well as statistical theory of rubber elasticity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41539.
Preparation and evaluation of nonphosphate terpolymer as scale inhibitor and dispersant for Ca3(PO4)2, BaSO4, and Iron (III) hydroxide scales
Authors: Bu Yunyun , Zhou Yuming , Yao Qingzhao , Chen Yiyi , Sun Wei , Wu Wendao 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe polymeric scale inhibition and dispersion agents (PAYS) were prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid, allylpolyethoxy carboxylate (APEY) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐propanesulfonic acid by using ammonium persulfate as a radical initiator in aqueous solution, among which APEY was synthesized in laboratory. Structure of PAYS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Experimental data showed that the terpolymer was a high‐efficient chelate sorbent, and it exhibited excellent ability for calcium orthophosphate, with approximately 96% efficiency at the dosage of 4 mg/L, as well as high efficiency toward barium sulfate scales nearly 80% inhibition. The effectiveness of PAYS depends on the agent concentration, temperature and the ratio of the reactant. The formation of Ca3(PO4)2 and BaSO4 precipitates was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It appeared that the crystal shape, size, and the morphology of scale changed apparently at the dosage of 4 and 15 mg/L, respectively. In addition, it has good effect on controlling iron (III) scaling. This study was also devoted to the understanding of the action mechanism of these inhibitors in suppressing the crystal nucleus formation and preventing the crystal growth. Based on the contrast experiment of scale formation, the supposing mechanism diagram was also delineated and analyzed in detail. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41546.
Redox polymer with N,N‐dichlorosulfonamide functional groups as arsenite oxidant in aqueous solutions
Authors: Ociński Daniel , Stanisławska Ewa , Kociołek‐Balawejder Elżbieta 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA macroporous, styrene‐divinylbenzene polymer with N,N‐dichlorosulfonamide functional groups (SO2NCl2), containing two chlorine atoms with oxidation number +1, have been prepared through the chemical modification of a commercial sulfonic cation exchanger (Amberlyst 15, Rohm and Haas). Obtained product was used as the heterogeneous oxidant of As(III) in aqueous solutions. The polymer's oxidizing capacity, determined as part of the batch studies, amounted to 193.29 mg As(III) g−1 (pH = 7.7) and 206.03 mg As(III) g−1 (pH = 2.0). The suitability of the redox polymer for long‐lasting operation in the aqueous environment was confirmed in the column study conducted using a solution with a concentration of 10 mg As(III) dm−3 at a flow rate of 6 bed volumes (BV) h−1. The concentration of As(III) in the effluent reached the value of 0.01 mg As(III) dm−3 only after 8 weeks of continuous operation when 7930 BV of the solution had passed through the bed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41552.
Synthesis and application of streptavidin functionalized organosilica microparticles
Authors: Hou Cailing , Zhang Linxia , Wang Yue , Wang Zhimin 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis article reports on the chemical synthesis, functionalization and application of streptavidin (SA)‐coated organosilica microparticles. Thiol‐functionalized organosilica microparticles are synthesized via a two‐step approach involving acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of 3‐mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS), followed by base‐catalyzed condensation. The surfaces of these particles are modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and characterized by FTIR, XPS, and TGA. Then, APS‐functionalized microparticles are covalently coated with SAs by using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, and characterized by FTIR, SEM, and AFM. Immobilization of biotinylated λ DNA onto microparticles via SA‐biotin immuoreaction is confirmed by confocal microscopy. The results show that these SA‐functionalized organosilica microparticles are useful carriers for DNA manipulation at the single molecule level. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41560.