bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsteady penetration of a target by a liquid jet
Authors: Uth Tobias , Deshpande Vikram S. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
It is widely acknowledged that a projectile impacting a ceramic target may erode on the surface of the target without substantial penetration for a significant amount of time and then suddenly start to penetrate. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as dwell, although known for four decades, remains largely unexplained. We demonstrate that dwell also occurs for a gel-like target material impacted by a water jet due to an increase in the force exerted by the jet on the target. The force increase is a fluid–structure interaction effect and traced to flow reversal of the jet caused by the progressive deformation of the jet–target interface. This effect is expected to occur in situations such as water-jet cutting and needleless injection.
Atmospheric deposition of methanol over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Nightingale Philip D. , Beale Rachael , Liss Peter S. , Blomquist Byron , Fairall Christopher 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceTransport of gases between the ocean and the atmosphere has profound implications for our environment and the Earth’s climate. An example of this transport is the oceanic uptake of carbon dioxide, which has buffered us from a higher concentration of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere while also causing ocean acidification. Here we describe the first direct measurements of air–sea methanol transfer. Atmospheric methanol, a ubiquitous and abundant organic gas of primarily terrestrial origin, is observed to be transported over thousands of kilometers and deposited over the ocean, where it is likely consumed by marine microbes. We quantify the rate of methanol deposition and examine the governing processes near the air–sea interface.
ABCC6 prevents ectopic mineralization seen in pseudoxanthoma elasticum by inducing cellular nucleotide release
Authors: Jansen Robert S. , Küçükosmanoğlu Aslı , de Haas Marcel , Sapthu Sunny , Otero Jon Andoni , Hegman Ilse E. M. , Bergen Arthur A. B. , Gorgels Theo G. M. F. , Borst P. , van de Wetering Koen 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable disease characterized by mineralization of the skin, eyes, and arteries, for which no effective treatment exists. PXE is caused by inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the transporter ABCC6. PXE is a metabolic disease caused by the absence of an unknown factor in the circulation. Our study indicates that the factor that normally prevents PXE is pyrophosphate, which is provided to the circulation in the form of nucleoside triphosphates via an ABCC6-dependent mechanism. Our findings provide leads for the treatment of this intractable disease.
Genome-wide mutagenesis of influenza virus reveals unique plasticity of the hemagglutinin and NS1 proteins
Authors: Heaton Nicholas S. , Sachs David , Chen Chi-Jene , Hai Rong , Palese Peter 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Influenza A virus is characterized by a large host range and rapid antigenic drift—features not common to many viruses. To begin to understand the molecular basis behind these features, we performed genome-wide mutagenesis to gauge the relative flexibility of the viral genome. We found that only two small regions in the genome (the hemagglutinin head domain and nonstructural protein 1) were highly tolerant to transposon-based insertional mutation. We believe that this analysis highlights an evolutionary strategy of influenza A virus: maintain highly plastic domains in proteins required for rapid host adaptation. This finding may help explain why influenza viruses possess certain traits not common to all RNA viruses.
A Multicenter Case-Case Control Study for Risk Factors and Outcomes of Extensively Drug-ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiBacteremia
Authors: Ng Tat Ming , Teng Christine B. , Lye David C. , Apisarnthanarak Anucha 
Published: November 2013

Objective.Extensively drug resistant (XDR)Acinetobacter baumanniiinfections are increasing. Knowledge of risk factors can help to prevent these infections.Methods.We designed a 1: 1: 1 case-case-control study to identify risk factors for XDRA. baumanniibacteremia in Singapore and Thailand. Case group 1 was defined as having infection due to XDRA. baumannii, and case group 2 was defined as having infection due to non-XDRA. baumannii. The control group comprised patients with blood cultures obtained to determine possible infection.Results.There were 93 patients in each group. Pitt bacteremia score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.570 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.528–4.322]), central venous catheters (CVCs; aOR, 12.644 [95% CI, 2.143–74.620]), use of carbapenems (aOR, 54.391 [95% CI, 3.869–764.674]), and piperacillin-tazobactam (aOR, 55.035 [95% CI, 4.803–630.613]) were independently associated with XDRA. baumanniibacteremia. In case group 2, Pitt bacteremia score (aOR, 1.667 [95% CI, 1.265–2.196]) and third-generation cephalosporins (aOR, 2.965 [95% CI, 1.224–7.182]) were independently associated with non-XDRA. baumanniibacteremia. Concurrent infections (aOR, 3.527 [95% CI, 1.479–8.411]), cancer (aOR, 3.172 [95% CI, 1.135–8.865]), and respiratory source (aOR, 2.690 [95% CI, 1.160–6.239]) were associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. Survivors received more active empirical therapy (16.7% vs 9.6%;P= .157), had fewer cases of XDR bacteremia (45.8% vs 52.6%;P= .452), and received higher median definitive polymyxin B doses (840,000 units vs 700,000 units;P= .339)Conclusions.Use of CVC and broad spectrum antibiotics were unique risk factors of XDRA. baumanniibacteremia. Effective antimicrobial stewardship together with use of a CVC bundle may reduce the incidence of these infections. Risk factors of acquisition and mortality may help identify patients for early initiation of polymyxin B therapy.
Contamination of Healthcare Workers' Hands with Clostridium difficile Spores after Caring for Patients with C. difficile Infection
Authors: Landelle C. , Verachten M. , Legrand P. , Girou E. , Barbut F. , Buisson C. Brun 
Published: November 2013

Objective.We determined the percentage of healthcare workers' (HCWs') hands contaminated with Clostridium difficile spores after caring for patients with C. difficile infection (CDI) and risk factors associated with contamination.Design.Prospective study.Setting.A French university hospital.Methods.We compared the hand contamination rate among HCWs caring for patients with CDI (exposed group; n = 66) with that among an unexposed group (n = 44). Spores of C. difficile were recovered from the hands of HCWs after rubbing their fingers and palms in alcohol shortly after patient care. Associations between hand contamination and HCW category, type (patient or environment), and risk level (high or low risk) of HCW contacts and their respective duration as well as use of gloves were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results.C. difficile spores were detected on 24% of HCWs' hands in the exposed group and on 0% in the unexposed group (P < .001). In the exposed group, logistic regression, which adjusted for high-risk contact (ie, exposure to fecal soiling), contact with the environment, and contact with or without use of gloves, revealed that high-risk contact (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per 1 contact increment, 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–5.45; P = .003) and at least 1 contact without use of gloves (aOR, 6.26; 95% CI, 1.27–30.78; P = .02) were independently associated with HCW hand contamination by C. difficile spores.Conclusions.Nearly one-quarter of HCWs have hands contaminated with C. difficile spores after routine care of patients with CDI. Hand contamination is positively associated with exposure to fecal soiling and lack of glove use.
Optimality of CKP-inequality in the critical case
Authors: Gao Fuchang 
Published: November 2013

It is proved that the CKP inequality
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Structural determinants of DNA recognition by plant MADS-domain transcription factors
Authors: Muiño Jose M. , Smaczniak Cezary , Angenent Gerco C. , Kaufmann Kerstin , van Dijk Aalt D.J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Plant MADS-domain transcription factors act as key regulators of many developmental processes. Despite the wealth of information that exists about these factors, the mechanisms by which they recognize their cognate DNA-binding site, called CArG-box (consensus CCW6GG), and how different MADS-domain proteins achieve DNA-binding specificity, are still largely unknown. We used information from in vivo ChIP-seq experiments, in vitro DNA-binding data and evolutionary conservation to address these important questions. We found that structural characteristics of the DNA play an important role in the DNA binding of plant MADS-domain proteins. The central region of the CArG-box largely resembles a structural motif called ‘A-tract’, which is characterized by a narrow minor groove and may assist bending of the DNA by MADS-domain proteins. Periodically spaced A-tracts outside the CArG-box suggest additional roles for this structure in the process of DNA binding of these transcription factors. Structural characteristics of the CArG-box not only play an important role in DNA-binding site recognition of MADS-domain proteins, but also partly explain differences in DNA-binding specificity of different members of this transcription factor family and their heteromeric complexes.
The role of brand orientation in the higher education sector: a student-perceived paradigm
Authors: Casidy Riza 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between perceived brand orientation (PBO), satisfaction, loyalty, and post-enrolment communication behaviour in the Australian higher education sector.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two hundred and fifty-eight questionnaires were completed by undergraduate students of a particular university in Australia. Structural equation modeling was employed in this study to examine the associations between the constructs.

Findings
– This study provides empirical evidence that PBO has a positive and significant relationship with all dependent variables. The research reveals that students' perception of a university's brand orientation is significantly related to satisfaction, loyalty, and post-enrolment communication behaviour.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings may guide the key decision makers in higher education institutions to understand the importance of brand orientation in their corporate strategy to enhance satisfaction, loyalty, and positive WOM, which can be used to differentiate themselves from other institutions in the highly competitive education market.

Originality/value
– Past researchers have not looked into the dynamic relationships between PBO, satisfaction, loyalty, and post-enrolment communication behaviour, and hence research is to be called for in this area. The paper is the first to examine brand orientation from the perspective of the students and provide higher education institutions with recommendations to improve service quality through brand orientation.
The effect of environmental uncertainty, information quality, and collaborative logistics on supply chain flexibility of small manufacturing firms in India
Authors: Nagarajan Vivek , Savitskie Katrina , Ranganathan Sampathkumar , Sen Sandipan , Alexandrov Aliosha 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between environmental uncertainty, information quality, and proactive logistics practices on supply chain flexibility.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey of 75 Indian small-scale manufacturers in Coimbatore (Southern India) was conducted.

Findings
– India, which is a thriving emerging economy, is an ideal location for this study. Results indicate that if managers wish to ensure improved supply chain flexibility, firms must work to improve information quality.

Research limitations/implications
– The small sample size is a limitation of the study, so too is the narrow sector targeted (small-scale manufacturing).

Practical implications
– The results reinforce the fact that supply chain management has many elements that can impact a manufacturing firm's responsiveness, which is especially true in an emerging market like India.

Originality/value
– The paper is one of the first to survey small-scale manufacturing executives regarding their acceptance of and use of supply chain concepts under environmental uncertainty.
The impacts of climate change on the People's Republic of China's grain output
Authors: Xin Xian , Lin Tun , Liu Xiaoyun , Wan Guanghua , Zhang Yongsheng 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the impacts of climate change on the People's Republic of China's (PRC) grain output using rural household survey data. The paper highlights the regional differences of impacts by estimating output elasticities (with respect to climate change) for different grain crops and different regions.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses production function to investigate the responses of grain output to climate variables as well as other traditional input variables. The use of production function approach allows us to do away with the competitive land market assumption as required in the Ricardian approach. The paper will use interaction terms of climate variables and regional dummies to capture the regional differences of climate change impact on grain crops.Findings– The results indicate that the overall negative climate impacts on the PRC's grain output range from −0.31 to −2.69 percent in 2030 and from −1.93 to −3.07 percent in 2050, under different emission scenarios. The impacts, however, differ substantially for different grain crops and different regions.Originality/value– This paper addresses the limitations of existing literature by highlighting regional differences and crop varieties using the most recent nationwide rural household survey data. The results indicate pronounced regional differences and crop differences in the impacts of climate changes on PRC's grain output.
Understanding the mental health needs of Chinese children living in the North East of England
Authors: Shun Wilson Cheng Wai , Fenn Dickson , Le Couteur Ann 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– Research evidence concerning the mental health of the Chinese population in Britain is much more limited than for other ethnic groups. The purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of the mental health needs of Chinese children living in the North East of England and their parents’ experiences and knowledge about the mental health services.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors invited parents from two Chinese language schools to complete the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) and a seven-question self-report questionnaire.

Findings
– In total, 76 out of 158 questionnaires returned. The mean scores of SDQ were lower than those reported in China, Hong Kong and UK. Only 43 per cent of parents knew how to seek psychiatric help if they suspect their children have mental health problems. Also, almost one-third of the parents believed that language barrier would be an obstacle for them to seek help.

Originality/value
– This is the first study in UK to look at the mental health of Chinese children and young people from their parents’ perspectives. This is also the first study in UK to compare their mental health wellbeing (via using SDQ) with their counterparts in other countries. This study has brought some clarity and new information to light about this ethnic minority group.
A phenomenological bubble number density model developed for simulation of cavitating flows inside high-pressure diesel injection nozzles
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhu Guangya , Li Ke 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– The present study aims to resolve the adjustment problem of cavitation bubble number density in simulations of the cavitating flows within the diesel injection nozzle holes using a two-fluid cavitation model.Design/methodology/approach– The basic rule that determines the variations of cavitation bubble number density has been checked through the scaling analysis of a two-fluid model under the assumption of hydrodynamic similarity of the cavitating flows. Moreover, a phenomenological model for the number density of cavitation bubbles that takes the hydrodynamic effect into account has been developed through the combined analysis of cavitation bubble dynamics and internal flow characteristics of diesel injection nozzle holes. This new model has also been validated by the discharge coefficient measures in a wide range of injection conditions.Findings– The values of cavitation bubble number density must rationally match changes both in liquid quality effect and in hydrodynamic effect corresponding to different cavitating flows. The validation results show that the two-fluid cavitation model together with this new cavitation bubble number density model predicts well both the cavitation content inside the diesel nozzle hole and the relationship between discharge coefficient and cavitation number, and the new cavitation bubble number density model has the potential to further expand the application range of the two-fluid cavitation model.Originality/value– This study provides insight into hydrodynamic effect corresponding to cavitating flows inside diesel nozzle holes and presents an idea to model the cavitation bubble number density phenomenologically. The model idea and the developed model are useful to researchers and engineers in the area of nozzle internal flow and cavitating flow.
Numerical simulation of two-phase reactive flow with moving boundary
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– In computational fluid dynamics for two-phase reactive flow of interior ballistic, the conventional schemes (MacCormack method, etc.) are known to introduce unphysical oscillations in the region where the gradient is high. This paper aims to improve the ability to capture the complex shock wave during the interior ballistic cycle.

Design/methodology/approach
– A two-phase flow model is established to describe the complex physical process based on a modified two-fluid theory. The solution of model is obtained including the following key methods: an approximate Riemann solver to construct upwind fluxes, the MUSCL extension to achieve high-order accuracy, a splitting approach to solve source terms, a self-adapting method to expand the computational domain for projectile motion and a control volume conservation method for the moving boundary.

Findings
– The paper is devoted to applying a high-resolution numerical method to simulate a transient two-phase reactive flow with moving boundary in guns. Several verification tests demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of this approach. Simulation of two-phase reaction flow with a projectile motion in a large-caliber gun shows an excellent agreement between numerical simulation and experimental measurements.

Practical implications
– This paper has implications for improving the ability to capture the complex physics phenomena of two-phase flow during interior ballistic cycle and predict the combustion details, such as the flame spreading, the formation of pressure waves and so on.

Originality/value
– This approach is reliable as a prediction tool for the understanding of the physical phenomenon and can therefore be used as an assessment tool for future interior ballistics studies.
Blend hard and soft skills to fast-track a management career
Authors: Rao M.S 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– Highlights the importance of top people in an organization having both hard and soft skills.

Design/methodology/approach
– Connects hard and soft skills with left and right-brain respectively. Distinguishes between book-smart and street-smart.

Findings
– Argues that leaders with hard and soft skills are more likely to enjoy career success and to achieve organizational excellence.

Practical implications
– Observes how successful leaders treat others as partners rather than as subordinates.

Originality/value
– Demonstrates how leaders with soft skills along with hard skills handle knowledge workers who crave partnership rather than traditional command-and-control management.
Socio-spatial occupation, conflict and humanitarian assistance for Bororo cross-border migrants in east Cameroon
Authors: Vitalis Pemunta Ngambouk , Brice Aristide Atock 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– This paper aims to examine the socio-political factors and the influence of spatial reconfiguration and transformation orchestrated by the forceful migration of Bororo herdsmen – a nomadic ethnic group from the Central African Republic into east Cameroon where they are now subsistent farmers. This livelihood transition strategy led to conflict and competition over natural resources with the local inhabitants.Design/methodology/approach– The study draws from ethnographic interviews and participant observation involving security officials and international relief agencies alongside their implementing partners. Data abducted from various stakeholders were further complemented by reports produced by various humanitarian agencies and desk research – evaluation and reinterpretation of what others have written on pastoral peoples.Findings– The paper suggests that humanitarian agencies be aware of “transnational borderland identities” by considering the specificity of particular borderland regions-isolation, underdevelopment and prone to conflict in crises of forced migration. They further need to move from a spatialized “refugee-centric” approach to the conversion of refugee relief into local development projects for refugee hosting areas.Research limitations/implications– While the problem of resource use conflict caused by the influx of refugees might be local, it highlights regional and global security concerns and articulates the growing recognition of political and environmental factors for national and international security.Originality/value– The study articulates the need to shift from a spatialized “refugee-centric” regime that directs attention only to one category of social actors in an emergency situation to a more integrative assistance programme so as to erase the fake division of identities as well as to acknowledge the importance of a “border identity” for a more peaceful development aimed at achieving better social interaction between hosts and refugees. While the problem of resource use conflict caused by the influx of refugees might be local, it highlights regional and global security concerns and articulates the growing recognition of political and environmental factors for national and international security.