bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uric acid variation among regular blood donors is indicative of red blood cell susceptibility to storage lesion markers: A new hypothesis tested
Authors: Tzounakas Vassilis L. , Georgatzakou Hara T. , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Papageorgiou Effie G. , Stamoulis Konstantinos E. , Foudoulaki‐Paparizos Leontini E. , Antonelou Marianna H. , Papassideri Issidora S. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDOxidative stress orchestrates a significant part of the red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion. Considering the tremendous interdonor variability observed in the “storability,” namely, the capacity of RBCs to sustain the storage lesion, this study aimed at the elucidation of donor‐specific factors that affect the redox homeostasis during the storage of RBCs in standard systems.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe hematologic profile of regular blood donors (n = 78) was evaluated by biochemical analysis of 48 different variables, including in vivo hemolysis and plasma oxidant and antioxidant factors and statistical analysis of the results. The possible effect of the uric acid (UA) variable on RBC storability was investigated in leukoreduced CPD/SAGM RBC units (n = 8) collected from donors exhibiting high or low prestorage levels of UA, throughout the storage period.RESULTSAmong the hematologic variables examined in vivo, cluster analysis grouped the donors according to their serum UA levels. Plasma antioxidant capacity, iron indexes, and protein carbonylation represented covariants of UA factor. RBCs prepared by low‐ or high‐UA donors exhibited significant differences between them in spheroechinocytosis, supernatant antioxidant activity, and other RBC storage lesion–associated variables.CONCLUSIONUA exhibits a storability biomarker potential. Intrinsic variability in plasma UA levels might be related to the interdonor variability observed in the storage capacity of RBCs. A model for the antioxidant effect of UA during the RBC storage is currently proposed.
Evaluation of the in‐hospital hemovigilance by introduction of the information technology–based system
Authors: Fujihara Harumi , Yamada Chiaki , Furumaki Hiroaki , Nagai Seiya , Shibata Hiroki , Ishizuka Keiko , Watanabe Hiroko , Kaneko Makoto , Adachi Miwa , Takeshita Akihiro 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDHemovigilance is an important aspect of transfusion medicine. However, the frequency of the adverse reactions often varies using different reporters. Recently, we have employed a new information technology (IT)‐based in‐hospital hemovigilance system. Here, we evaluated changes in practice after implementation of an IT‐based reporting system.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe compared the rate of frequency and details of blood transfusion–related adverse reactions 3 years before and after introduction of the IT‐based reporting system. Contents and severity of the adverse reactions were reported in a paper‐based reporting system, but input by selecting items in an IT‐based reporting system. The details of adverse reactions are immediately sent to the blood transfusion unit online.RESULTSAfter we introduced the IT‐based reporting system, the reported rate of transfusion‐related adverse reactions increased approximately 10‐fold from 0.20% to 2.18% (p < 0.001), and frequencies of urticaria, pruritus, rash, fever (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.001), tachycardia (p = 0.003), and nausea and vomiting (p = 0.010) increased significantly. Although there was no error report in the paper‐based reporting, incorrect reports were observed in 90 cases (0.52%) in the IT‐based reporting (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONThe advantages of IT‐based reporting were: 1) a significant increase in the frequency of adverse reaction reporting and 2) a significant decrease in underreporting, although the true frequency has yet to be clarified. The disadvantage of the IT‐based reporting was an increased incidence of incorrect inputs, all of which was unnoticed by the reporters. Our results showed several important points in need of monitoring after introduction of an IT‐based reporting system.
Misadministration of radiation therapy in veterinary medicine: a case report and literature review
Authors: Arkans M. M. , Gieger T. L. , Nolan M. W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent technical advancements in radiation therapy have allowed for improved targeting of tumours and sparing nearby normal tissues, while simultaneously decreasing the risk for medical errors by incorporating additional safety checks into electronic medical record keeping systems. The benefits of these new technologies, however, depends on their proper integration and use in the oncology clinic. Despite the advancement of technology for treatment delivery and medical record keeping, misadministration errors have a significant impact on patient care in veterinary oncology. The first part of this manuscript describes a medical incident that occurred at an academic veterinary referral hospital, in a dog receiving a combination of stereotactic radiation therapy and full‐course intensity‐modulated, image‐guided radiation therapy. The second part of the report is a literature review, which explores misadministration errors and novel challenges which arise with the implementation of advancing technologies in veterinary radiation oncology.
Identification of 5α‐reductase isoenzymes in canine skin
Authors: Bernardi de Souza Lucilene , Paradis Manon , Zamberlam Gustavo , Benoit‐Biancamano Marie‐Odile , Price Christopher 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAlopecia X in dogs is a noninflammatory alopecia that may be caused by a hormonal dysfunction. It may be similar to androgenic alopecia in men that is caused by the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The 5α‐reductase isoenzymes, 5αR1 and 5αR2, and a recently described 5αR3, are responsible for the conversion of testosterone into DHT. However, which 5α‐reductases are present in canine skin has not yet been described.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to determine the pattern of expression of 5α‐reductase genes in canine skin.MethodsSkin biopsies were obtained from healthy, intact young‐mature beagles (three males, four females) at three anatomical sites normally affected by alopecia X (dorsal neck, back of thighs and base of tail) and two sites generally unaffected (dorsal head and ventral thorax). Prostate samples (n = 3) were collected as positive controls for 5α‐reductase mRNA abundance measurement by real‐time PCR.ResultsWe detected mRNA encoding 5αR1 and 5αR3 but not 5αR2. There were no significant differences in 5αR1 and 5αR3 mRNA levels between the different anatomical sites, irrespective of gender (P > 0.05). Moreover, the mean mRNA abundance in each anatomical site did not differ between males and females (P > 0.05).Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the expression of 5α‐reductases in canine skin and the expression of 5αR3 in this tissue. These results may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of alopecia X and to determine more appropriate treatments for this disorder.
Congenital subcutaneous arteriovenous malformation in a puppy: diagnosis with CT angiography
Authors: Proks Pavel , Stehlik Ladislav , Paninarova Michaela , Irova Katarina , Lorenzova Jana , Necas Alois 
Published: July 2015

A 4‐month‐old, 20 kg, intact male, cane corso dog was presented with a slowly growing subcutaneous lesion on the left caudoventral abdominal wall. Ultrasound and computed tomography angiography revealed a subcutaneous plexus of aberrant tortuous vessels directly connected with the superficial branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery and vein. The arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was successfully surgically removed. Early recognition and surgical removal of AVM can have excellent cosmetic results and prevents potential cardiovascular complications.
Stability of coagulation protein activities in single units or pools of cryoprecipitate during storage at 20–24°C for up to 24 h
Authors: Sheffield W. P. , Bhakta V. , Jenkins C. 
Published: July 2015

Background and ObjectiveCryoprecipitate is a concentrated source of fibrinogen and other plasma proteins. Cryoprecipitate must be transfused within 4–6 h of thawing and storage at 20–24°C. We compared plasma protein activities in single or pooled cryoprecipitate units stored at 20–24°C for 0, 4 or 24 h.Materials and MethodsIndividual cryoprecipitate units (n = 36) were thawed, diluted with sterile saline and sampled over time. Cryoprecipitate pools of eight individual units were assembled either by serial passage of diluent (Method A, n = 6 pools) or by separate dilution into a single collection bag (Method B, n = 6 pools). Fibrinogen, factor VIII, factor XIII and von Willebrand factor activities were measured.ResultsNo significant losses in activities were found relative to at‐thaw values after either 4 or 24 h of storage of individual cryoprecipitate units at 20–24°C; 35 of 36 units contained >150 mg of fibrinogen. No significant differences were found between activities in single vs. pooled units of cryoprecipitate assembled using either method, or between cryoprecipitate pools made by Method A (80–160 ml volume) or Method B (160–240 ml volume) at 0, 4 or 24 h post‐thaw; freezing and thawing of pools did not lead to significant activity losses.ConclusionThe stability of fibrinogen and other factors in thawed cryoprecipitate stored at 20–24°C suggests that the shelf life may be safely extended to 24 h provided that sterility is maintained.
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Sarcopenia in Black South African Urban Women
Authors: Kruger Herculina S. , Havemann-Nel Lize , Ravyse Chrisna , Moss Sarah J. , Tieland Michael 
Published: July 2015

Background:Black women are believed to be genetically less predisposed to age-related sarcopenia. The objective of this study was to investigate lifestyle factors associated with sarcopenia in black South African (SA) urban women.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, 247 women (mean age 57 y) were randomly selected. Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables, dietary intakes, and physical activity were measured. Activity was also measured by combined accelerometery/heart rate monitoring (ActiHeart), and HIV status was tested. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure appendicular skeletal mass (ASM). Sarcopenia was defined according to a recently derived SA cutpoint of ASM index (ASM/height squared) < 4.94 kg/m2.Results:In total, 8.9% of the women were sarcopenic, decreasing to 8.1% after exclusion of participants who were HIV positive. In multiple regressions with ASM index, grip strength, and gait speed, respectively, as dependent variables, only activity energy expenditure (β = .27) was significantly associated with ASM index. Age (β = –.50) and activity energy expenditure (β = .17) were significantly associated with gait speed. Age (β = –.11) and lean mass (β = .21) were significantly associated with handgrip strength.Conclusions:Sarcopenia was prevalent among these SA women and was associated with low physical activity energy expenditure.
Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Avian Isolate from France Cocarrying the
bla
VIM-1
and
bla
VIM-4
Genes
Authors: Aberkane Salim , Compain Fabrice , Barraud Olivier , Ouédraogo Abdoul-Salam , Bouzinbi Nicolas , Vittecoq Marion , Jean-Pierre Hélène , Decré Dominique , Godreuil Sylvain 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

We describe here a non-O1/non-O139
Vibrio cholerae
isolate producing both VIM-1 and VIM-4 carbapenemases. It was isolated from a yellow-legged gull in southern France. The
bla
VIM
genes were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an IncA/C plasmid. This study emphasizes the presence of carbapenemase genes in wildlife microbiota.
Concomitant Benznidazole and Suramin Chemotherapy in Mice Infected with a Virulent Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Santos Eliziária C. , Novaes Rômulo D. , Cupertino Marli C. , Bastos Daniel S. S. , Klein Raphael C. , Silva Eduardo A. M. , Fietto Juliana L. R. , Talvani André , Bahia Maria T. , Oliveira Leandro L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Although suramin (Sur) is suggested as a potential drug candidate in the management of Chagas disease, this issue has not been objectively tested. In this study, we examined the applicability of concomitant treatment with benznidazole (Bz) and suramin in mice infected with a virulent strain of
Trypanosoma cruzi
. Eighty 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were equally randomized in eight groups: (i) noninfected mice (negative control) and mice infected with
T. cruzi
Y strain receiving (ii) no treatment (positive control), (iii) Bz, 100 mg/kg of body weight per day, (iv) Sur, 20 mg/kg/day, and (v to viii) Sur, 20 mg/kg/day, combined with Bz, 100, 50, 25, or 5 mg/kg/day. Bz was administered by gavage, and Sur was administered intraperitoneally. Sur dramatically increased the parasitemia, cardiac content of parasite DNA, inflammation, oxidative tissue damage, and mortality. In response to high parasitic load in cardiac tissue, Sur stimulated the immune system in a manner typical of the acute phase of Chagas disease, increasing tissue levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducing a preferential IgG2a anti-
T. cruzi
serum pattern. When Sur and Bz were combined, the infection severity was attenuated, showing a dose-dependent Bz response. Sur therapy had a more harmful effect on the host than on the parasite and reduced the efficacy of Bz against
T. cruzi
infection. Considering that Sur drastically reinforced the infection evolution, potentiating the inflammatory process and the severity of cardiac lesions, the
in vivo
findings contradicted the
in vitro
anti-
T. cruzi
potential described for this drug.
Cellular Pharmacokinetics and Intracellular Activity of the Novel Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor GSK1322322 against Staphylococcus aureus Laboratory and Clinical Strains with Various Resistance Phenotypes: Studies with Human THP-1 Monocytes and J774 Murine Macrophages
Authors: Peyrusson Frédéric , Butler Deborah , Tulkens Paul M. , Van Bambeke Françoise 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTGSK1322322 is a peptide deformylase inhibitor active againstStaphylococcus aureusstrains resistant to currently marketed antibiotics. Our aim was to assess the activity of GSK1322322 against intracellularS. aureususing anin vitropharmacodynamic model and, in parallel, to examine its cellular pharmacokinetics and intracellular disposition. For intracellular activity analysis, we used an established model of human THP-1 monocytes and tested one fully susceptibleS. aureusstrain (ATCC 25923) and 8 clinical strains with resistance to oxacillin, vancomycin, daptomycin, macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid, or moxifloxacin. Uptake, accumulation, release, and subcellular distribution (cell fractionation) of [14C]GSK1322322 were examined in uninfected murine J774 macrophages and uninfected and infected THP-1 monocytes. GSK1322322 demonstrated a uniform activity against the intracellular forms of allS. aureusstrains tested, disregarding their resistance phenotypes, with a maximal relative efficacy (Emax) of a 0.5 to 1 log10CFU decrease compared to the original inoculum within 24 h and a static concentration (Cs) close to its MIC in broth. Influx and efflux were very fast (<5 min to equilibrium), and accumulation was about 4-fold, with no or a minimal effect of the broad-spectrum eukaryotic efflux transporter inhibitors gemfibrozil and verapamil. GSK1322322 was recovered in the cell-soluble fraction and was dissociated from the main subcellular organelles and from bacteria (in infected cells). The results of this study show that GSK1322322, as a typical novel deformylase inhibitor, may act against intracellular forms ofS. aureus. They also suggest that GSK1322322 has the ability to freely diffuse into and out of eukaryotic cells as well as within subcellular compartments.
IncA/C Plasmid Carrying
bla
NDM-1
,
bla
CMY-16
, and
fosA3
in a Salmonella enterica Serovar Corvallis Strain Isolated from a Migratory Wild Bird in Germany
Authors: Villa L. , Guerra B. , Schmoger S. , Fischer J. , Helmuth R. , Zong Z. , García-Fernández A. , Carattoli A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

A
Salmonella enterica
serovar Corvallis strain was isolated from a wild bird in Germany. This strain carried the IncA/C
2
pRH-1238 plasmid. Complete sequencing of the plasmid was performed, identifying the
bla
NDM-1
,
bla
CMY-16
,
fosA3
,
sul1
,
sul2
,
strA
,
strB
,
aac(6
′
)-Ib
,
aadA5
,
aphA6
,
tetA
(A),
mphA
,
floR
,
dfrA7
, and
merA
genes, which confer clinically relevant resistance to most of the antimicrobial classes, including β-lactams with carbapenems, fosfomycin, aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole, tetracyclines, and macrolides. The strain likely originated from the Asiatic region and was transferred to Germany through the
Milvus migrans
migratory route.
Multidrug Transporters and Alterations in Sterol Biosynthesis Contribute to Azole Antifungal Resistance in Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Berkow Elizabeth L. , Manigaba Kayihura , Parker Josie E. , Barker Katherine S. , Kelly Stephen L. , Rogers P. David 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

While much is known concerning azole resistance in
Candida albicans
, considerably less is understood about
Candida parapsilosis
, an emerging species of
Candida
with clinical relevance. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of azole resistance in a collection of resistant
C. parapsilosis
clinical isolates in order to determine which genes might play a role in this process within this species. We examined the relative expression of the putative drug transporter genes
CDR1
and
MDR1
and that of
ERG11
. In isolates overexpressing these genes, we sequenced the genes encoding their presumed transcriptional regulators,
TAC1
,
MRR1
, and
UPC2
, respectively. We also sequenced the sterol biosynthesis genes
ERG3
and
ERG11
in these isolates to find mutations that might contribute to this phenotype in this
Candida
species. Our findings demonstrate that the putative drug transporters Cdr1 and Mdr1 contribute directly to azole resistance and suggest that their overexpression is due to activating mutations in the genes encoding their transcriptional regulators. We also observed that the Y132F substitution in
ERG11
is the only substitution occurring exclusively among azole-resistant isolates, and we correlated this with specific changes in sterol biosynthesis. Finally, sterol analysis of these isolates suggests that other changes in sterol biosynthesis may contribute to azole resistance in
C. parapsilosis
.
Fast and Accurate Large-Scale Detection of β-Lactamase Genes Conferring Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Lee Jae Jin , Lee Jung Hun , Kwon Dae Beom , Jeon Jeong Ho , Park Kwang Seung , Lee Chang-Ro , Lee Sang Hee 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Fast detection of β-lactamase (
bla
) genes allows improved surveillance studies and infection control measures, which can minimize the spread of antibiotic resistance. Although several molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to detect limited
bla
gene types, these methods have significant limitations, such as their failure to detect almost all clinically available
bla
genes. We developed a fast and accurate molecular method to overcome these limitations using 62 primer pairs, which were designed through elaborate optimization processes. To verify the ability of this large-scale
bla
detection method (
large-scale
bla
Finder), assays were performed on previously reported bacterial control isolates/strains. To confirm the applicability of the
large-scale
bla
Finder, the assays were performed on unreported clinical isolates. With perfect specificity and sensitivity in 189 control isolates/strains and 403 clinical isolates, the
large-scale
bla
Finder detected almost all clinically available
bla
genes. Notably, the
large-scale
bla
Finder detected 24 additional unreported
bla
genes in the isolates/strains that were previously studied, suggesting that previous methods detecting only limited types of
bla
genes can miss unexpected
bla
genes existing in pathogenic bacteria, and our method has the ability to detect almost all
bla
genes existing in a clinical isolate. The ability of
large-scale
bla
Finder to detect
bla
genes on a large scale enables prompt application to the detection of almost all
bla
genes present in bacterial pathogens. The widespread use of the
large-scale
bla
Finder in the future will provide an important aid for monitoring the emergence and dissemination of
bla
genes and minimizing the spread of resistant bacteria.
Coexistence of Heavy Metal and Antibiotic Resistance within a Novel Composite Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome in a Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolate from Bovine Mastitis Milk
Authors: Xue Huping , Wu Zhaowei , Li Longping , Li Fan , Wang Yiqing , Zhao Xin 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

The structure of a composite staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) carried by a methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
(NW19A) isolated from a bovine milk sample was analyzed. The formation of the circular forms of both single SCC elements and composite SCC elements was detected in NW19A. Twenty heavy metal and antibiotic resistance-related genes coexisted in this composite SCC, suggesting that these genes might be coselected under environmental pressure. The
mec
gene complex in NW19A, designated type C3, is different from classic C1 or C2 gene complexes structurally and likely evolves differently. Furthermore, results from alignment of the SCC composite island of NW19A with 50 related sequences from different staphylococcal strains provided additional evidence to support the notion that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the original host of heavy metal resistance genes among staphylococci. Given that a SCC composite island could transfer freely among different staphylococcal species from different hosts, more attention should be paid to contamination with heavy metals and antibiotics in dairy farming environments, including wastewater, soil, feces, and feed.
Immunization with the MAEBL M2 Domain Protects against Lethal Plasmodium yoelii Infection
Authors: Leite Juliana A. , Bargieri Daniel Y. , Carvalho Bruna O. , Albrecht Letusa , Lopes Stefanie C. P. , Kayano Ana Carolina A. V. , Farias Alessandro S. , Chia Wan Ni , Claser Carla , Malleret Benoit , Russell Bruce , Castiñeiras Catarina , Santos Leonilda M. B. , Brocchi Marcelo , Wunderlich Gerhard , Soares Irene S. , Rodrigues Mauricio M. , Rénia Laurent , Costa Fabio T. M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMalaria remains a world-threatening disease largely because of the lack of a long-lasting and fully effective vaccine. MAEBL is a type 1 transmembrane molecule with a chimeric cysteine-rich ectodomain homologous to regions of the Duffy binding-like erythrocyte binding protein and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) antigens. Although MAEBL does not appear to be essential for the survival of blood-stage forms, ectodomains M1 and M2, homologous to AMA1, seem to be involved in parasite attachment to erythrocytes, especially M2. MAEBL is necessary for sporozoite infection of mosquito salivary glands and is expressed in liver stages. Here, thePlasmodium yoeliiMAEBL-M2 domain was expressed in a prokaryotic vector. C57BL/6J mice were immunized with doses ofP. yoeliirecombinant protein rPyM2-MAEBL. High levels of antibodies, with balanced IgG1 and IgG2c subclasses, were achieved. rPyM2-MAEBL antisera were capable of recognizing the native antigen. Anti-MAEBL antibodies recognized different MAEBL fragments expressed in CHO cells, showing stronger IgM and IgG responses to the M2 domain and repeat region, respectively. After a challenge withP. yoeliiYM (lethal strain)-infected erythrocytes (IE), up to 90% of the immunized animals survived and a reduction of parasitemia was observed. Moreover, splenocytes harvested from immunized animals proliferated in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of rPyM2-MAEBL. Protection was highly dependent on CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells toward Th1. rPyM2-MAEBL antisera were also able to significantly inhibit parasite development, as observed inex vivoP. yoeliierythrocyte invasion assays. Collectively, these findings support the use of MAEBL as a vaccine candidate and open perspectives to understand the mechanisms involved in protection.