bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Bolosaurus major, with new information on the unique bolosaurid feeding apparatus and evolution of the impedance‐matching ear
Authors: Jenkins Kelsey M. , Foster William , Napoli James G. , Meyer Dalton L. , Bever Gabriel S. , Bhullar Bhart‐Anjan S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResolving the phylogenetic relationships of early amniotes, in particular stem reptiles, remains a difficult problem. Three‐dimensional morphological analysis of well‐preserved stem‐reptile specimens can reveal important anatomical data and clarify regions of phylogeny. Here, we present the first thorough description of the unusual early Permian stem reptile Bolosaurus major, including the first comprehensive description of a bolosaurid braincase. We describe previously obscured details of the palate, allowing for insight into bolosaurid feeding mechanics. Aspects of the rostrum, palate, mandible, and neurocranium suggest that B. major had a particularly strong bite. We additionally found B. major has a surprisingly slender stapes, similar to that of the middle Permian stem reptile Macroleter poezicus, which may suggest enhanced hearing abilities compared to other Paleozoic amniotes (e.g., captorhinids). We incorporated our new anatomical information into a large phylogenetic matrix (150 OTUs, 590 characters) to explore the relationship of Bolosauridae among stem reptiles. Our analyses generally recovered a paraphyletic “Parareptilia,” and found Bolosauridae to diverge after Captorhinidae + Araeoscelidia. We also included B. major within a smaller matrix (10 OTUs, 27 characters) designed to explore the interrelationships of Bolosauridae and found all species of Bolosaurus to be monophyletic. While reptile relationships still require further investigation, our phylogeny suggests repeated evolution of impedance‐matching ears in Paleozoic stem reptiles.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Catalyzed N‐Heterocycles Synthesis via Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Ren Changyue , Chen Shuiyan , Yuan Zeli , Fu Rui , Cui Yanbin , Ma Zhuang , Li Weizuo , Li Xinmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe acceptorless dehydrogenation reaction is a sustainable and atom‐economical methodology in organic synthesis, resulting in the byproducts of only hydrogen or water. Herein, a robust Co−Si/CN catalyst (derived from ZIF@SiO2 composite) has been synthesized through a one‐step assembly process via pyrolysis and etching. This catalyst has been employed for the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of 2‐aminoalcohols with secondary alcohols, enabling efficient conversion of various substrates into desired quinoline or pyridine derivatives with a yield of up to 94 %.
Torque ripple suppression of open‐winding permanent magnet synchronous motor with common DC bus based on field circuit coupling method
Authors: Xie Shirui , Zhang Wendong , Feng Xinpeng , Zhang Wei , Gu Pingping , Lei Ziqi , Zhao Chaohui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo improve the torque control accuracy of an open‐winding permanent magnet synchronous motor with common DC bus, this paper studies a complex vector proportional–integral (CVPI) controller with the help of a proportional–integral (PI) controller to solve the problem of torque ripple caused by the current harmonics caused by the back electromotive force of the motor and the nonlinearity of the inverter. The controller has a higher gain at the center frequency and can realize the tracking of the alternating current (AC) quantity without static error. Therefore, it is used for the tracking control of current harmonics. According to the different characteristics of the dq0‐axis, complex j is realized by orthogonal characteristics and all‐pass filter in the dq‐axis and 0‐axis, respectively. At the same time, with the help of Ansys, Simplorer, and Matlab/Simulink tools, the co‐simulation platform for an open‐winding motor is established, and the motor parameters are optimized. The simulation and experimental results show that the control strategy based on CVPI has stronger harmonic suppression ability, smaller torque ripple, and better dynamic performance than proportional‐resonance (PR) control.
PP2A catalytic subunit alpha is critically required for CD8+ T‐cell homeostasis and antibacterial responses
Authors: Zhou Xian , Li Meilu , Ai Minji , Li Yanfeng , Zhu Xingxing , Hansen Michael J. , Zhong Jun , Johnson Kenneth L. , Zenka Roman , Pandey Akhilesh , Pease Larry R. , Zeng Hu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough the functions of tyrosine phosphatases in T‐cell biology have been extensively studied, our knowledge on the contribution of serine/threonine phosphatases in T cells remains poor. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the most abundantly expressed serine/threonine phosphatases. It is important in thymocyte development and CD4+ T‐cell differentiation. Utilizing a genetic model in which its catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PP2A Cα) is deleted in T cells, we investigated its contribution to CD8+ T‐cell homeostasis and effector functions. Our results demonstrate that T‐cell intrinsic PP2A Cα is critically required for CD8+ T‐cell homeostasis in secondary lymphoid organs and intestinal mucosal site. Importantly, PP2A Cα–deficient CD8+ T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and survival. CD8+ T‐cell antibacterial response is strictly dependent on PP2A Cα. Expression of Bcl2 transgene rescues CD8+ T‐cell homeostasis in spleens, but not in intestinal mucosal site, nor does it restore defective antibacterial responses. Finally, proteomics and phosphoproteomics analyses reveal potential targets dependent on PP2A Cα, including mTORC1 and AKT. Thus, PP2A Cα is a key modulator of CD8+ T‐cell homeostasis and effector functions.
Occurrence and Environmental Risk Assessment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Brazilian Surface Waters
Authors: Oliveira Thiessa M. A. , Mansano Adrislaine S. , Holanda Carlos A. , Pinto Tiago S. , Reis Jonas B. , Azevedo Eduardo B. , Verbinnen Raphael T. , Viana José Lucas , Franco Teresa C. R. S. , Vieira Eny M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigated the occurrence and the environmental risk of eight contaminants of emerging concern (CECs; acetaminophen, naproxen, diclofenac, methylparaben, 17β-estradiol, sulfathiazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfamethazine) in three Brazilian water bodies, namely, the Monjolinho River Basin (São Paulo State), the Mogi Guaçu River (São Paulo State), and the Itapecuru River (Maranhão State) in three sampling campaigns. The CECs were only quantified in surface water samples collected at the Monjolinho River Basin. Acetaminophen, naproxen, and methylparaben were detected in the range of &lt;200 to 575.9 ng L−1, &lt;200 to 224.7 ng L−1, and &lt;200 to 303.6 ng L−1, respectively. The detection frequencies of the three measured compounds were between 33% and 67%. The highest concentrations of CECs were associated with intense urbanization and untreated sewage discharge. Furthermore, CEC concentrations were significantly correlated with total organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen levels, suggesting that domestic pollution from urban areas is an important source in the distribution of CECs in the Monjolinho River Basin. The environmental risk assessment indicated a high risk for acetaminophen (risk quotient [RQ] values between 2.1 and 5.8), a medium risk for naproxen (RQs between 0.6 and 0.7), and a low risk for methylparaben (RQs &lt; 0.1) to the freshwater biota of the Monjolinho River Basin. Our findings show potential threats of CECs in Brazilian water bodies, especially in vulnerable areas, and reinforce the need for improvements in environmental regulations to include monitoring and control of these compounds in aquatic systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2199–2210. © 2024 SETAC
A surface registration‐based approach for assessment of 3D angles in guided growth interventions in the growing femur
Authors: Gholinezhad Shima , Rasmussen John , Halloum Ahmed , Kold Søren , Rahbek Ole 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposePostoperative assessment of surgical interventions for correcting femoral rotational deformities necessitates a comparative analysis of femoral rotation pre‐ and post‐surgery. While 2D assessment methods are commonly employed, ongoing debate surrounds their accuracy and reliability. To address the limitations associated with 2D analysis, we introduced and validated a 3D model‐based analysis method for quantifying the angular and rotational impact of corrective rotational osteotomy in the growing femur.MethodsThe method is based on surface registration of the pre‐ and post‐intervention 3D femoral models. To this end, 3D triangulated surface models were generated using CT images for the right femurs of 11 skeletally immature pigs, each scanned at two distinct time points with a 12‐week interval between scans. In our validation procedures, femoral corrective rotational osteotomy of the post‐12‐week femur was simulated at varying angles of 5, 10, 15 and 20 degrees in three dimensions. Subsequently, a surface 3D/3D registration‐based approach was applied to determine the 3D femoral angulation and rotation between the two models to assess the method's detection accuracy of the predefined twist angles as ground truth references.ResultsThe results document the precision and accuracy of the registration‐based method in evaluating rotation angles. Consistently high accuracy was observed across all angles, with an accuracy rate of 92.97% and a coefficient of variance of 8.14%.ConclusionThis study has showcased the potential for improving post‐operative assessments with significant implications for experimental studies evaluating the effects of correcting rotational deformities in the growing femur.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
The impact of gut microbiota on morbidities in preterm infants
Authors: Lai Mei‐Yin , Chang Yin‐Hsi , Lee Chien‐Chung ,   Neonatal Microbiome Outcomes Study Group (NEMO)
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota undergoes substantial development from birth, and its development in the initial years of life has a potentially lifelong effect on the health of the individual. However, various factors can disrupt the development of the gut microbiota, leading to a condition known as dysbiosis, particularly in preterm infants. Current studies involving adults have suggested that the gut microbiota not only influences the gut but also has multidimensional effects on remote organs; these pathways are often referred to as the gut–organ axis. Imbalance of the gut microbiota may lead to the development of multiple diseases. Recent studies have revealed that gut dysbiosis in preterm infants may cause several acute morbidities—such as necrotizing enterocolitis, late‐onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity—and it may also influence long‐term outcomes including neurodevelopment and somatic growth. This review mainly presents the existing evidence regarding the relationships between the gut microbiota and these morbidities in preterm infants and explores the role of the gut–organ axis in these morbidities. This paper thus offers insights into the future perspectives on microbiota interventions for promoting the health of preterm infants.
Clusterin expression and distribution in spermatozoa as predictor of male fertility
Authors: Hernández‐Herrador María , Marilina García‐Aranda , Luisa Hortas María , Carrillo‐Lucena Silvia , Caracuel Zaira , Castilla‐Alcalá José Antonio , Martín‐García Desirée , Redondo Maximino 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClusterin (CLU), one of the main glycoproteins in mammalian semen and the male reproductive tract, plays a role in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. Given the poor reliability of classic seminal studies in determining male‐fertilizing capacity and the differences in CLU abundance between normal and abnormal spermatozoa, we investigated the potential value of mRNA‐CLU levels and protein distribution in spermatozoa as markers of sperm quality and predictors of male fertility. This multicenter study included 90 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment with their partners, and a control group of 36 fertile males with normal seminograms. We assessed the relationship between IVF treatment outcomes, seminogram variables, mRNA‐CLU levels by quantitative real‐time‐PCR and CLU distribution by immunostaining in spermatozoa. Our study reveals CLU staining in the acrosome (p = 0.002, OR 14.8, 95% CI: 2.7–79.3) and mRNA‐CLU levels (p = 0.005, OR 10.85, 95% CI: 2.0–57.4) as independent risk factors for pregnancy failure, irrespective of traditional seminogram variables. Additionally, our results suggest that CLU, and specially its secreted isoform, constitutes a component of the protein pool that human spermatozoa can produce during its maturation process, exhibiting a variable abundance and distribution in spermatozoa from fertile men compared to those in patients with altered seminograms and infertile patients with normal seminograms. Our study is the first to identify mRNA‐CLU levels and CLU immunostaining in the spermatozoa acrosome as independent risk factors for pregnancy failure, with distribution patterns correlating with sperm maturity and seminogram alterations.
Possible sex and racial disparities in myasthenia gravis care
Authors: Suresh Shriya , Watanabe Maya , Reynolds Evan L. , Callaghan Brian C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsGiven the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG), it is critical to understand disparities in MG care. We aimed to determine if there are any differences in testing, treatment, and/or access to neurologists for patients of varying sex and race/ethnicity with MG.MethodsWe used a nationally representative healthcare claims database of privately insured individuals (2001–2018) to identify incident cases of MG using a validated definition. Diagnostic testing, steroid‐sparing agents, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange (PLEX), and thymectomy were defined using drug names or CPT codes. Steroid use was defined using AHFS class codes. We also determined whether an individual had a visit to a neurologist and the time between primary care and neurologist visits. Logistic regression determined associations between sex and race/ethnicity and testing, treatments, and access to neurologists.ResultsFemale patients were less likely to get a computed tomography (CT) chest (odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–0.83), receive steroids (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.97), steroid‐sparing agents (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97), and IVIG or PLEX (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.95). Black patients were less likely to receive steroids (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.96). No significant disparities were seen in access to neurologists.DiscussionWe found healthcare disparities in MG treatment with female and Black patients receiving less treatment than men and those of other races/ethnicities. Further research and detailed assessments accounting for individual patient factors are needed to confirm these apparent disparities.
Numerical solution of convected wave equation in free field using artificial boundary method
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Jihong , Di Yana , Zhang Jiwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we propose two procedures focusing on the computation of the time‐dependent convected wave equation in a free field with a uniform background flow. Both procedures are based on a framework, expended from Du et al. (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 40 (2018), A1430–A1445.), of constructing the Dirichlet‐to‐Dirichlet (DtD)‐type discrete absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs). The first procedure is dedicated to reducing the infinite problem into a finite problem by a direct application of the framework on the finite difference discretization of the convected wave equation. However, the presence of convection terms makes the stability analysis hard to implement, which motivates us to develop the second procedure. First, the convected wave equation is transformed into a standard wave equation by using the Prandtl‐Glauert‐Lorentz transformation. After that, we obtain the DtD‐type ABC by using the above framework, and on this basis, derive an equivalent Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann‐type ABCs, which makes stability and convergence analysis easy to be obtained by the classical energy method. The effectiveness and comparison of these two procedures are investigated through numerical experiments.
Topological Phase Transition and Edge States with Tunable Localization in the Cyclic Four‐Mode Optical System
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Lin , Hu Kai‐Xin , Zhang Jie , Cao Ji , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong‐Fu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA cyclic four‐mode optical system is investigated with anti‐parity‐time symmetry. The energy spectra is analyzed and reveal the topological phase transition under different parameter regimes. In the topological phase regions, it is found that the degree of localization of the edge states can be tuned by modulating the vertical hopping strength. Moreover, it is observed that the emergence of nonzero energy edge states and the expansion of the topological phase regions. Meanwhile, it is found that the nonzero energy edge states still adhere to the bulk boundary correspondence, and which can be demonstrated by the bulk bandgap. Zero and nonzero energy edge states are also characterized by Zak phase and hidden Chern number. These results enrich the study of topological phases and edge states in non‐Hermitian optical systems.
Performance Analyses of Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B Over Lake Issyk Kul (Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Schöne T. , Illigner J. , Zubovich A. , Zech C. , Stolarczuk N. , Sharshebaev A. , Borisov M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs part of the European Copernicus program the radar altimetry satellites Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B were launched in 2016, and 2018 respectively. The satellites are one of the first operating in SAR mode allowing a much better height retrieval over the ocean and inland waters. The mission also benefits from the Open-Loop Tracking Command mode, where an a-priory elevation mask improves the performance over inland waters. This study analyses the performance and trends of the OCEAN and OCOG retracker functions in both, Ku and C band over Lake Issyk Kul. We make use of GNSS-derived lake profiles and information from shore-based tide gauges to analyze uninterrupted data series. We found biases of 2 ± 41 mm for Sentinel-3A and −45 ± 37 mm for Sentinel-3B for the OCEAN retracker and 307 ± 29 mm for Sentinel-3A and 345 ± 22 mm for Sentinel-3B using the OCOG retracker. Moreover, our results give evidence to small drifts for both satellites and also for both retracker.
Reconnecting Students and Academics in Post-pandemic U.S.-China Relations
Authors: Lewis Margaret K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeople-to-People ties between the United States and China were already rocky prior to the emergence of COVID-19. The spike in bilateral tensions, both because of and coinciding with the pandemic, combined with China’s isolation under its “Zero COVID” policy to create a nearly impenetrable barrier between the countries. Today, public health risks have largely abated, but political risks have not. People in the United States and China are seeking ways to reinvigorate ties while mitigating concerns about vulnerabilities inherent in citizens from each country visiting the other. This chapter sets the backdrop of academic relations prior to the pandemic, addresses the pandemic’s outbreak to China’s end of its “Zero COVID” policy in late 2022, and examines efforts to rekindle academic connections despite the risks involved.
The Pandemic and the Sino-U.S. Echo Chamber Effect
Authors: Wei Da , Haixuan Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China, in January 2020, to the reopening of China in early 2023, personal interactions between China and the United States virtually ground to a halt over the three-year period (Sliver et al. 2021). This was unlike anything we had seen in the past five decades of Sino-U.S. relations since President Nixon’s visit to China in 1972. The lack of in-person contact made it easy for politicians, academics, and media experts to overlook finer details when assessing and discussing each other.
Robust and Adaptive AI for Digital Pathology
Authors: Benz Michaela , Kuritcyn Petr , Kletzander Rosalie , Bruns Volker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe digitization of pathology opens up a wide field of applications that can be supported by AI-based analysis like the detection of tumors or a quantitative assessment of tissue composition. This contribution demonstrates possible ways on how to approach challenges in digital pathology like the robustness against data heterogeneity or the detection of out-of-distribution data. Moreover, the principle of prototypical few-shot models is explained, which can be adapted to new tasks with only a few labeled examples without any retraining of the underlying model parameters. In this chapter we show the suitability of a prototypical few-shot classification model for tumor detection in two different organs and a prototypical few-shot segmentation model for tumor composition analysis. Finally, a workflow for the creation of a dedicated AI model by only providing a few annotations within the MIKAIA® software of Fraunhofer IIS is presented
AI-assisted Condition Monitoring and Failure Analysis for Industrial Wireless Systems
Authors: Wetzker Ulf , Richter Anna , Jain Vineeta , Wicht Jakob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the increasing proliferation of wireless devices and Internet-of- Things (IoT) applications in various fields, such as patient monitoring, vehicle-to everything (V2X) communication and industrial automation, there is a growing significance in developing robust methods and tools for evaluating and predicting link quality, monitoring information flow, as well as conducting failure analysis. This is particularly important in safety-critical industrial IoT (IIoT) environments such as smart factories, where challenging signal propagation conditions and interference from coexisting wireless technologies can severely impact network performance and application reliability. This contribution provides a comprehensive analysis of coexistence issues in industrial IIoT networks and highlights the complexities and challenges associated with performing failure analysis on a large scale. The necessity of using data-driven methods in the development of efficient and user-friendly failure analysis systems is discussed and the challenges regarding required datasets are highlighted.
XXL-CT Dataset Segmentation
Authors: Gruber Roland , Rüger Steffen , Ottenweller Moritz , Uhlmann Norman , Gerth Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of XXL-CT dataset segmentation is to use machine learning to virtually divide 3D volumes of complete vehicles, acquired through XXL computer tomography, into their individual components. Gathering labeled training data for this type of data is challenging. Previously, entity classification from XXL-CT data required significant manual effort involving over 120 employees for several months. This chapter shows how to develop entity segmentation procedures which significantly reduce the time from measurement to virtual analysis. The most time-consuming part of the data processing chain is currently the segmentation of individual assemblies, especially when dealing with overlapping metal sheets. We aim to demonstrate the transferability of trained networks to different XXL-CT vehicle data, taking into account the large shape variations of different metal sheets and their contact, weld or rivet points. Challenges include low data quality which is affected by acquisition and reconstruction artifacts, a dataset size of up to 1.7 terabytes, and the large number of individual instances to be segmented and their interrelationships which must be taken into account. This contribution considers three major aspects: The segmentation of CT datasets by means of neural networks, the development of solutions for the annotation of XXL-CT data, and the transferability of the trained network.