bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Health for Field Operations in Oil and Gas Activities
Authors: Sharpies Philip , Rhodes Anton 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
All companies, both operators and contractors, have a commitment to protect and promote the health of those impacted either directly or indirectly by field operations in the oil and gas industry. This is best achieved by establishing an effective health management system.
In May 2003, the Health Subcommittee of the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) published Report No: 343 titled Managing Health for Field Operations in Oil & Gas Activities. The purpose of this guideline was to assist companies working within this sector to achieve and maintain high standards of health management for all people associated with field operations. The aim was to simplify and integrate in to one document the recommendations that the OGP Health Subcommittee considered essential for optimal health management, from conception and throughout the entire duration of the field operation.
This document superseded the three previous OGP documents on field medical support written between 1993 to1995:
Health performance in the oil and gas industry – the results
Authors: Martin Alison 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
During September 2008, 2009 and 2010, members of the OGP/IPIECA health committee piloted a set of 8 leading indicators of health performance within their companies. 2 tools were used: - one that indicated the extent of management of the 8 areas across their companies globally; the second allowed for in-depth analysis at site and corporate level.
The tools were enhanced in response to feedback from member companies and final versions of both tools were used during September 2011 to gauge health performance across the industry. 18 companies took part and many of these had started participating in 2008.
As individual companies have used earlier years' results to identify gaps in their own health management systems, it is pleasing to note that mean values for each health area have improved over the 4 years.
This paper will illustrate the final versions of both tools, actual anonymous results for 2011, trends over time and the potential health benefits to the industry.
Asset Integrity Management System of a Complex Upstream Oil & Gas Plant: The Experience in Val D’Agri Oil Centre
Authors: Carnevale Paolo , Cortina Michele 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Asset Integrity Management System (AIMS) outlines the ability of an asset to perform its required function effectively and efficiently whilst protecting health, safety and the environment and minimizing associated risks, assuring that the people, systems, processes and resources that deliver integrity are in place, in use and perform when required over the whole asset lifecycle. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive report of the implementation program and experience of AIMS to Val d’Agri Oil Centre, a large and complex 100.000 bbls / day upstream oil & gas plant located in Viggiano (Italy) above the biggest oilfield of Continental Europe with high concentration of H2S, concerning the prevention of major incidents.
This paper will provide practical knowledge on systems and strategies needed to implement an efficient AIMS program in similar organizations and operations, enlightening case studies that will aid in reducing the risk of failure and downtime and ensuring that safety standards are achieved.
The Oil Centre succeeded in implementing a first version of an Asset Integrity Management System (AIMS) between 2010 and the first half of 2011, mainly based on a previously adopted Safety Management System developed in conformity with European and Italian Seveso Legislation (Prevention of Major Accidents). Specific processes and tools implemented included, for example, Risk Assessments and identification of Safety-Critical Elements and Barriers, Maintenance Strategies, Operational and Process Support, Mechanical Integrity Service. A high degree of innovation characterized the risk management approach by the use of the innovative "Process Safety Baseline Risk assessment Tool", developed by eni e&p division for the evaluation and management of major incidents risks. In the second half of 2011, a new program intends to foster the target, within 2012, of improving the AIMS to be more in compliance with OGP guidelines and ISO and CCPS references.
This paper will provide practical knowledge on systems and strategies needed to implement an efficient AIMS program in similar organizations and operations.
INNOVATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FOR UPSTREAM ONSHORE INSTALLATION
Authors: Carnevale Paolo , Di Croce Silvia 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Project in Val D’Agri (Southern Italy) has been developed for ensuring a continuous management of the environmental impacts of the activities of the eni's Oil Treatment Center, the biggest O&G upstream processing plant in Europe.
This Project, realized in 2011 in a very short time and following a major plant refurbishment, is able to control all the environmental effects of e&p activities in a very large area surrounding the plant (100 km2).
It is characterized by a complete integration of several networks, stations and systems used for simultaneously monitoring air quality, noise, odorous emissions in terms of olfactory nuisance, groundwater and soil quality, ecosystems status (microfauna, macrofauna, carabidiofauna) and ecological biodiversity.
In particular, the odorous emissions monitoring network is designed for assessing at the same time the odour level, using electronic nose technology and human testers, and pollutant concentrations to finally discriminate the origin of the nuisance (related to Oil Center activity or not).
All recorded data are continuously related with operative parameters of the treatment plant, in order to assess and evaluate in real time potentially adverse environmental effects of the upstream activity.
This Project has been realized in a continuous sharing with local environmental control agencies, recognized scientific institutions and universities; it is unique and totally innovative in the Oil&Gas upstream industry for the technologies, instruments and monitoring networks level of integration adopted.
This guarantees the highest environmental protection and preserves the quality of life for the local communities in a sensitive environment.
Sustainability reporting on the rise within the Petroleum Industry - A view of the industry and experiences from an NOC, IOC and Service Company
Authors: Krishna Paul , Janus Bertrand , Peterson Cynthia Ann , Doherty Brett , Sherman Robert , Murphy Helen , Curlee Charlie 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In 1987, the Brundtland Report, "Our Common Future", produced the widely accepted definition of sustainable development as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". But what can sustainability mean for the oil and gas industry, which produces fossil fuel required to meet basic human needs today such as food, fuel and shelter? The oil and gas industry provides a fundamental energy resource while improving health, reducing poverty, and increasing productivity for the global population. Oil and gas are therefore integral to promoting economic growth and will continue to play a major role in meeting the world's energy needs for the foreseeable future. Global energy policies are promoting low-carbon energy technologies, and the use of modern renewables will almost triple by 2035 to about 14% of total supply. However, renewables cannot satisfy global demand growth, so consumption of both oil and gas will also continue to grow.1
Oil and gas companies must therefore continue to discover, produce and supply these energy resources, and it is essential that they do so in a safe, environmentally sound and socially responsible manner. This requires safeguarding the environment; respecting the rights of others; protecting the health, safety and security of workers and the public; meeting increasingly stringent laws and regulations, and yet managing a range of operational, reputational and financial risks. An additional responsibility for companies is the need to communicate openly how they conduct their operations – the vision, decisions and strategies used to pursue resource developments. Sustainability reporting is therefore both a responsible and an expected method for companies to communicate publicly on environmental and social performance. The oil and gas industry has made significant progress on these objectives but challenges remain and individual companies need to tell their own sustainability stories in a clear, transparent, and honest manner.
Finally, sustainability reporting also helps to establish a basis for continuous improvement in business processes and risk management. In particular, reporting has value for reputational risk, access to capital, and strengthened customer and employee relationships. For oil and gas companies, reporting can provide a robust platform for describing how strategic issues are being addressed through long-term plans and current initiatives. Stakeholders can now find details of a company's high level vision and strategy for dealing with sustainability-related impacts, implementing action plans and assessing outcomes on company websites and in annual reports.
A Review of the Evaluations of Six Offshore Numerical Models for E&P Discharges
Authors: Kampala Benjamin , Guillou AnaTs , Marini Laure , Michel Cedric 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Numerical models may be used to predict concentrations of produced water and drilling discharges released to the marine environment. They may be applied to predict effects of existing or future discharges, compliance with regulations and also be used to calculate risks posed to the marine environment. These models are complex and generally have a high level of uncertainty associated with results. The uncertainty is due largely to the lack of data to parameterize the model, especially oceano-meteorological data. Efforts on two main fronts address this data gap. First, data are being collected to better parameterize and calibrate models, and second, studies are undertaken to better quantify and characterize the models themselves.
This paper presents a bibliography of six offshore produced water and drilling discharges models and compiles information regarding the evaluation of each. The limitations which prevent more robust evaluations of models are discussed. Finally, additional evaluation activities are proposed to further the case that such models correspond with reality and are reliable. This study addresses offshore E&P discharge models only and is intended to serve as a guide for users of such models who need to defend the use and quality of their model.
There are several models available capable of providing good predictions of the fate and dispersion of substances released during E&P activities. Each of the six models considered in this study possesses a good level of development and include features that make useful PW and DD simulation possible. Data collection obstacles remain which prevent rigorous validation of these models. In general, evaluation activities for these six models would benefit from renewed focus and study to increase the defensibility of modelled results. Investing in a sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis would yield greater confidence in results, and provide good value for R&D investment.
While evaluations complementary to comparisons between field and modelled data may not conclusively show model validity, they contribute to the weight of evidence that the model predictions are satisfactory and can be used to make planning or operational decisions, and also support regulatory compliance requirements.
Quantification of Carbon Stocks and Sequestration Rates for Tropical Forest
Authors: Othman Noor Suhailah , Jamil Adriza Jaezah 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Terrestrial carbon resources such as forests function as carbon sinks when there is an increase in the sum of all carbon stocks retained. Preserving healthy forests therefore has the dual benefits of both protecting their carbon stocks from being emitted to the atmosphere while maintaining the ability of these stocks to continue actively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This paper described PETRONAS effort to quantify carbon stocks, sequestration rate and trial values for its two forest conservation areas in Peninsula Malaysia.
The carbon stock assessment is calculated using the Gain-Loss Method. Gains can be attributed to growth (increase of biomass) and to transfer of carbon from one pool to another (e.g. transfer of carbon from the live biomass carbon pool to the dead organic matter pool due natural disturbances). Losses can be attributed to transfers of carbon from one pool to another (e.g. emissions due to decay). The five carbon pools for this study are; aboveground carbon stocks, belowground carbon stock, deadwood, litter and soil carbon. Calculation of aboveground biomass included tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh) data collected from tree inventories 10 cm dbh and above. Height and dbh of dead standing trees, leaf litter trapping and soil sampling were also collected on monthly basis to calculate the carbon pools for dead wood, leaf litter and soil organic carbon. In the absence of the age of the forests, the carbon stock assessment is repeated after 12 months to determine their annual sequestration rates.
This two-year project that commenced in June 2010 is carried out in collaboration with Forest Research Institute of Malaysia. It is seen as a pivotal effort to demonstrate the importance of conserving forests to sequester carbon and avoiding emissions, hence combating global warming and climate change.
Managing Small Marine Operations in the Mahakam Delta to Increase Compliance and Minimize Risks
Authors: Djamal Harnanto , Dwimaryanto Aditomo , Ball Andy 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The nature of oil and gas operations requires transporting people worldwide via land, air or water. In swamps and rivers, small marine vessels are needed to support operations. This paper describes how an oilfield services company implemented journey management practices with its local contractors of small marine vessel companies in the Mahakam Delta in Indonesia.
In the Mahakam Delta in Indonesia, small marine vessels are required to transport people, tools, and equipment to rigs and barges. Risks in the Mahakam Delta are particularly high due to heavy traffic, a variety of boat sizes, curved and narrow river banks, and unpredictable weather conditions. In addition, because most towns in the area are connected by the Mahakam River, local people often use small wooden boats as their private vehicle.
However, local contractors have limited knowledge of health, safety, and environment (HSE) issues or international marine regulations. The contractors may have no management system and the coxswains often have only non-formal experience. No official training or certifications are required other than a government license to operate small marine vessels. Therefore, because of the governmental regulations and risks to people and equipment, developing a journey management plan for small marine operations contractors is especially important to ensure journey management compliance and incident-free activities.
This paper outlines best practices on how to manage sea trucks and ensure that contractors follow local and international regulations. Mentoring, training and observation with intervention are a few ways to communicate best practices in managing journeys for contracted sea trucks. The paper describes how closer attention to journey management planning has resulted in more effective management of small marine operations, with fewer regulatory infractions, lower injury rates, more competent sea truck coxswains and more efficient trips.
Managing Environmental and Social Risks in China's Unconventional Gas Sector-Lessons Learned and Application in Future Developments
Authors: Touzel Piers 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
China has the largest reserves of unconventional gas in the world. Led by Chinese National Oil Companies (NOCs), and with participation from International Oil Companies (IOCs), exploration and appraisal activities for unconventional gas, in particular shale gas, have ramped up significantly since 2009. Eager to exploit domestic gas reserves and reduce its reliance on imports, the Chinese Government has implemented policies to support the industry and has announced ambitious plans for the development of the country's shale gas reserves to 6.5 billion cubic meters (bcm) per annum by 2015, rising to 60–100 bcm by 2020.
China's unconventional gas reserves are concentrated in four areas: the Ordos Basin on China's northern plain, the Tarim and Junggar Basins in western Xinjiang and the densely populated Sichuan Basin in the south. Each of these areas faces significant environmental and social constraints, including availability of water for hydraulic fracturing and its subsequent disposal, land access and resettlement, and community relations (including those with indigenous peoples in some areas).
While China has adopted policies to support the development of unconventional gas resources, technical and administrative standards are yet to be released. Outside of the oil and gas companies and their service providers, there is little understanding of the potential environmental and social impacts associated with unconventional gas development.
Chinese officials are concerned with maintaining social stability in rural farming communities and are keenly aware that environmental issues are today a leading cause of community protests. Sensitive to issues that may affect farmland or the groundwater required to sustain the livelihoods of China's rural residents (and the potential for ensuing social unrest) Chinese regulators are beginning to scrutinize more closely activities associated with the exploration and development of unconventional resources. Similarly, local communities are concerned about the environmental impacts from exploration and development activities and are becoming more vocal in their demands that they too are beneficiaries of upstream activities.
Demonstrating to regulators and to the community that unconventional resources can be developed in an environmentally and socially responsible manner will be critical to the future success of the industry. The paper concludes that the current round of exploration, appraisal and pilot testing activities being undertaken for unconventional gas in China represents a window of opportunity for this to be demonstrated at a small scale prior to scaling up future field developments.
Leadership in Health&Safety (LiHS) a Proactive Program Toward Health
Authors: Mika Frano , De Santis Sabatino , Croitoru Elena , Matkin Darren , Scotti Davide , Forzan Andrea 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In it's drive to shape the organizational safety culture, Saipem's Senior Management recognized the need for an inclusion of health into its already established Leadership in Safety program (LiS). The now ‘Leadership in Health & Safety’ (LiHS) program was seen as a natural evolution in terms of extending a culture of care to its employees. This critical new focus signifies a major and significant shift in the way that Saipem takes care of its employees in the long-term, underlining the real need for the linking Health to Safety, and not only in terms of accidents.
An analysis of Saipem's statistics revealed that 74% of all repatriations in Saipem were not accident-related, but resulting from long term "lifestyle" related issues, and often very preventable health-related conditions.
In its effort to motivate a healthier workforce, Saipem developed an engaging tool designed to foster a proactive approach toward health, creating a ‘want’ within the individual to peruse healthier choices and actions.
One of the key elements in nurturing this healthier attitude within the organization, is a high-impact film drama created exclusively for LiHS. It focuses on three main health topics: Malaria, Transmittable Diseases and Lifestyle, offering a motivating and emotional message to carry forward Saipem's Vision for Health.
This paper describes the innovative strategy Saipem's Health Department has taken toward a diminishment of communicable and non-communicable disease incidence rates, and further explains the technicalities of the campaign. This paper should be of interest to all those who manage health related issues within their organizations.
A Powerful Approach for Decision Making in Risk Management Process: BART Tool and AHP Methodology for ALARP Demonstration
Authors: Petrone Annamaria , Cherubin Paolo , Scataglini Luciano 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
For any Oil & Gas organization successful decision making is the most crucial step in the risk management process. The driver in the decision making process shall always be safety but in the Oil and Gas business there are typically very complex issues involving multiple conflicting criteria that need to be weighted such as cost, impact on productivity, time frame for implementing a design alternative, etc. and there are also multiple parties and several aspects of the project that are deeply affected from the decision.
A powerful and innovative approach combining the risk screening tool BART (BAseline Risk assessment Tool) with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology has been set up to assist in the decision making process through the reliability assessment of the preventive and recovery barriers in place in a plant, the identification of any possible effective risk reduction scenarios and the prioritization of recommended actions.
Outcomes from BART are inputted in the AHP methodology to compare all alternatives with reference to specific benefit and cost factors properly prioritized in accordance with company needs. Weighted hierarchic structures are then built on the basis of multiple sets of pairwise comparisons to represent the decision problem in which all priorities are concisely captured and expressed as numerical values.
In addition, since one of the fundamentals of Risk Assessment is that safety must not only be achieved but also demonstrated, a further step has been to use this approach to assist in the ALARP demonstration that involves weighing a risk against the trouble, time and money needed to control it.
A case study is presented in this paper to provide an insight of the methodology, the rationale behind it and how it has been applied to support ALARP and decision making process in one of the company asset.