bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A baculovirus-mediated strategy for full-length plant virus coat protein expression and purification
Authors: Ardisson-Araújo Daniel Mendes Pereira , Rocha Juliana Ribeiro , da Costa Márcio Hedil Oliveira , Bocca Anamélia Lorenzetti , Dusi André Nepomuceno , de Oliveira Resende Renato , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Garlic production is severely affected by virus infection, causing a decrease in productivity and quality. There are no virus-free cultivars and garlic-infecting viruses are difficult to purify, which make specific antibody production very laborious. Since high quality antisera against plant viruses are important tools for serological detection, we have developed a method to express and purify full-length plant virus coat proteins using baculovirus expression system and insects as bioreactors.

Results
In this work, we have fused the full-length coat protein (cp) gene from the Garlic Mite-borne Filamentous Virus (GarMbFV) to the 3′-end of the Polyhedrin (polh) gene of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). The recombinant baculovirus was amplified in insect cell culture and the virus was used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Thus, the recombinant fused protein was easily purified from insect cadavers using sucrose gradient centrifugation and analyzed by Western Blotting. Interestingly, amorphous crystals were produced in the cytoplasm of cells infected with the recombinant virus containing the chimeric-protein gene but not in cells infected with the wild type and recombinant virus containing the hexa histidine tagged Polh. Moreover, the chimeric protein was used to immunize rats and generate antibodies against the target protein. The antiserum produced was able to detect plants infected with GarMbFV, which had been initially confirmed by RT-PCR.

Conclusions
The expression of a plant virus full-length coat protein fused to the baculovirus Polyhedrin in recombinant baculovirus-infected insects was shown to produce high amounts of the recombinant protein which was easily purified and efficiently used to generate specific antibodies. Therefore, this strategy can potentially be used for the development of plant virus diagnostic kits for those viruses that are difficult to purify, are present in low titers or are present in mix infection in their plant hosts.
Interactions between αCaMKII and calmodulin in living cells: conformational changes arising from CaM -dependent and -independent relationships
Authors: Kato Ken-ichi , Iwamoto Taku , Kida Satoshi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
αCaMKII plays central and essential roles in long-term potentiation (LTP), learning and memory. αCaMKII is activated via binding with Ca2+/CaM in response to elevated Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, prolonged increase in Ca2+ concentration leads to the auto-phosphorylation of αCaMKII at T286, maintaining the activation of αCaMKII even after Ca2+/CaM dissociation. Importantly, the active form of αCaMKII is thought to exhibit conformational change. In order to elucidate the relationships between the interaction of αCaMKII with CaM and the conformational change of αCaMKII, we generated molecular probes (YFP-αCaMKII with CFP-CaM and YFP-αCaMKII-CFP) and performed time-lapse imaging of the interaction with CaM and the conformational change, respectively, in living cells using FRET.

Results
The interaction of YFP-αCaMKII with CFP-CaM and the conformational change of YFP-αCaMKII-CFP were induced simultaneously in response to increased concentrations of Ca2+. Consistent with previous predictions, high levels of Ca2+ signaling maintained the conformational change of YFP-αCaMKII-CFP at the time when CFP-CaM was released from YFP-αCaMKII. These observations indicated the transfer of αCaMKII conformational change from CaM-dependence to CaM-independence. Furthermore, analyses using αCaMKII mutants showed that phosphorylation at T286 and T305/306 played positive and negative roles, respectively, during in vivo interaction with CaM and further suggested that CaM-dependent and CaM-independent conformational changed forms displays similar but distinct structures.

Conclusions
Importantly, these structual differences between CaM-dependent and -independent forms of αCaMKII may exhibit differential functions for αCaMKII, such as interactions with other molecules required for LTP and memory. Our molecular probes could thus be used to identify therapeutic targets for cognitive disorders that are associated with the misregulation of αCaMKII.
Investigation of sticky-rice lime mortar of the Horse Stopped Wall in Jiange
Authors: Luo Yan-Bing , Zhang Yu-Jie 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
The Horse Stopped Wall, built by sticky-rice lime in Jiange County Sichuan Province, is still conserved well after thousands of years of erosions by environmental conditions such as humidity variations, pollutions, air, etc. In this paper, mortar samples from the Horse Stopped Wall were characterized via X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, iodine-starch analysis and scanning electron microscopy in order to better understand its properties.

Result
The results showed that the inorganic ingredients were mainly calcite and a small amount of lime in the mortar. There was still a small quantity of sticky-rice after such a long period of time. The reason that the lime was not transformed into calcite completely might be ascribed to it being wrapped by the sticky-rice in the mortar.

Conclusions
Sticky-rice lime was traditionally used widely as a good natural architectural material in ancient China. The samples from Jiange County were characterized and the results showed that most of the lime had been transformed to calcite and the rest of which might be wrapped by sticky-rice. The reason the mortar could resist damages from its natural environment over such a long period of time is the interaction of the sticky-rice mortar and calcium hydroxide and their resulting micro structure.
A protocol for resuscitation of severe burn patients guided by transpulmonary thermodilution and lactate levels: a 3-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Sánchez Manuel , García-de-Lorenzo Abelardo , Herrero Eva , Lopez Teresa , Galvan Beatriz , Asensio María José , Cachafeiro Lucia , Casado Cesar 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The use of urinary output and vital signs to guide initial burn resuscitation may lead to suboptimal resuscitation. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring may result in over-resuscitation. This study aimed to evaluate the results of a goal-directed burn resuscitation protocol that used standard measures of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urine output, plus transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) and lactate levels to adjust fluid therapy to achieve a minimum level of preload to allow for sufficient vital organ perfusion.

Methods
We conducted a three-year prospective cohort study of 132 consecutive critically burned patients. These patients underwent resuscitation guided by MAP (>65 mmHg), urinary output (0.5 to 1 ml/kg), TPTD and lactate levels. Fluid therapy was adjusted to achieve a cardiac index (CI) >2.5 L/minute/m2 and an intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) >600 ml/m2, and to optimize lactate levels. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed models. We also used Pearson or Spearman methods and the Mann-Whitney U-test.

Results
A total of 98 men and 34 women (mean age, 48 ± 18 years) was studied. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 35% ± 22%. During the early resuscitation phase, lactate levels were elevated (2.58 ± 2.05 mmol/L) and TPTD showed initial hypovolemia by the CI (2.68 ± 1.06 L/minute/m2) and the ITBVI (709 ± 254 mL/m2). At 24 to 32 hours, the CI and lactic levels were normalized, although the ITBVI remained below the normal range (744 ± 276 ml/m2). The mean fluid rate required to achieve protocol targets in the first 8 hours was 4.05 ml/kg/TBSA burned, which slightly increased in the next 16 hours. Patients with a urine output greater than or less than 0.5 ml/kg/hour did not show differences in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, CI, ITBVI or lactate levels.

Conclusions
Initial hypovolemia may be detected by TPTD monitoring during the early resuscitation phase. This hypovolemia might not be reflected by blood pressure and hourly urine output. An adequate CI and tissue perfusion can be achieved with below-normal levels of preload. Early resuscitation guided by lactate levels and below-normal preload volume targets appears safe and avoids unnecessary fluid input.
PROmiRNA: a new miRNA promoter recognition method uncovers the complex regulation of intronic miRNAs
Authors: Marsico Annalisa , Huska Matthew R , Lasserre Julia , Hu Haiyang , Vucicevic Dubravka , Musahl Anne , Orom Ulf Andersson , Vingron Martin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe regulation of intragenic miRNAs by their own intronic promoters is one of the open problems of miRNA biogenesis. Here, we describe PROmiRNA, a new approach for miRNA promoter annotation based on a semi-supervised statistical model trained on deepCAGE data and sequence features. We validate our results with existing annotation, PolII occupancy data and read coverage from RNA-seq data. Compared to previous methods PROmiRNA increases the detection rate of intronic promoters by 30%, allowing us to perform a large-scale analysis of their genomic features, as well as elucidate their contribution to tissue-specific regulation. PROmiRNA can be downloaded from http://promirna.molgen.mpg.de.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their chondrogenic differentiated and dedifferentiated progeny express chemokine receptor CCR9 and chemotactically migrate toward CCL25 or serum
Authors: Ullah Mujib , Eucker Jan , Sittinger Michael , Ringe Jochen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Guided migration of chondrogenically differentiated cells has not been well studied, even though it may be critical for growth, repair, and regenerative processes. The chemokine CCL25 is believed to play a critical role in the directional migration of leukocytes and stem cells. To investigate the motility effect of serum- or CCL25-mediated chemotaxis on chondrogenically differentiated cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were induced to chondrogenic lineage cells.

Methods
MSC-derived chondrogenically differentiated cells were characterized for morphology, histology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), surface profile, and serum- or CCL25-mediated cell migration. Additionally, the chemokine receptor, CCR9, was examined in different states of MSCs.

Results
The chondrogenic differentiated state of MSCs was positive for collagen type II and Alcian blue staining, and showed significantly upregulated expression of COL2A1 and SOX9, and downregulated expression of CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166, in contrast to the undifferentiated and dedifferentiated states of MSCs. For the chondrogenic differentiated, undifferentiated, and dedifferentiated states of MSCs, the serum-mediated chemotaxis was in a percentage ratio of 33%:84%:85%, and CCL25-mediated chemotaxis was in percentage ratio of 12%:14%:13%, respectively. On the protein level, CCR9, receptor of CCL25, was expressed in the form of extracellular and intracellular domains. On the gene level, qPCR confirmed the expression of CCR9 in different states of MSCs.

Conclusions
CCL25 is an effective cue to guide migration in a directional way. In CCL25-mediated chemotaxis, the cell-migration rate was almost the same for different states of MSCs. In serum-mediated chemotaxis, the cell-migration rate of chondrogenically differentiated cells was significantly lower than that in undifferentiated or dedifferentiated cells. Current knowledge of the surface CD profile and cell migration could be beneficial for regenerative cellular therapies.
Magnetic Removal of Cesium Ions Using γ-Poly(glutamic acid)-Coated Magnetite Particles with the Enhanced Effect of Zeolite Supplementation
Authors: Thuy Le Thi Xuan , Yasuzawa Mikito , Yabutani Tomoki 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Magnetic removal of cesium ions (Cs) by γ-poly(glutamic acid)-coated magnetite particles (PGA-MPs) was investigated using a variety of waters. Cs was sufficiently removed from fresh water in a pH range from 7.0 to 9.0, with a removal efficiency of higher than 80% by using 5 wt % PGA-MPs, while that from artificial seawater was limited to 30%. Zeolite particles were employed as a supplementary adsorbent to adsorb Cs before the collection of zeolite with PGA-MPs. The addition of 1 wt % zeolite particles enhanced the recovery of Cs up to 97.7 ± 0.2% for fresh water and the amount of PGA-MPs required for the treatment was reduced to 0.2 wt %. Nevertheless, such improvement was not observed for artificial seawater treatment. The zeolite supplementation method performed sufficiently on the recovery of Cs in tap water and spring water, and their recoveries were both higher than 93% with R.S.D. of less than 1%. These results strongly suggest that the provided procedure can be practically applied to the removal of Cs from various inland waters.
Extraordinary Aggregation of Inorganic Anions in Chiral Metallosupramolecular Ionic Crystals
Authors: Lee Raeeun , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako , Okumura Mitsutaka , Konno Takumi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
An optically active AuI4CoIII2 complex with mixed d-penicillaminate (d-pen) and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), [Au4Co2(dppe)2(d-pen)4]2+, was selectively formed from [Au2(dppe)(d-pen)2]2− and CoIII. When this complex was crystallized with monovalent anions (ClO4−, BF4−, NO3−, Cl−, Br−, and N3−), the AuI4CoIII2 complex cations were self-assembled to form +12-charged supramolecular octahedrons that are closely packed in a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. In this structure, ten monovalent anions are accommodated in each hydrophilic tetrahedral interstice to create an adamantane-shaped anionic cluster, while two anions are each encapsulated in each octahedral interstice and in the center of each supramolecular octahedron. The use of divalent anions (SO42− and SiF62−) also produced an analogous fcc structure made up of the +12-charged supramolecular octahedrons. In this case, six divalent anions are accommodated in each hydrophilic tetrahedral interstice to form an octahedron-shaped anionic cluster, completing a giant zinc blende lattice structure where all cations and anions are separately aggregated into the +12-charged octahedrons and the −12-charged octahedrons, respectively. The site selective aggregation of two kinds of inorganic anions (PF6−/Br−, BF4−/Br−, and NO3−/Br−) in the fcc structure, along with the synthesis and characterization of an analogous AuI4CrIII2 complex, is also reported.
Clinical tibiofemoral angle in south Indian children
Authors: Mathew S. E. , Madhuri V. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives The development of tibiofemoral angle in children has shown ethnic variations. However this data is unavailable for our population. Methods We measured the tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and intercondylar and intermalleolar distances in 360 children aged between two and 18 years, dividing them into six interrupted age group intervals: two to three years; five to six years; eight to nine years; 11 to 12 years; 14 to 15Â years; and 17 to 18 years. Each age group comprised 30 boys and 30 girls. Other variables recorded included standing height, sitting height, weight, thigh length, leg length and length of the lower limb. Results Children aged two to three years had a valgus angulation with a mean TFA of 1.8° (sd 0.65) in boys and 2.45° (sd 0.87) in girls. Peak valgus was seen in the five- to six-year age group, with mean TFAs of 6.7° (sd 1.3) and 7.25° (sd 0.64) for boys and girls, respectively. From this age the values gradually declined to a mean of 3.18° (sd 1.74) and 4.43° (sd 0.68) for boys and girls, respectively, at 17 to 18 years. Girls showed a higher valgus angulation than boys at all age groups. Conclusion This study defines the normal range of the TFA in south Indian boys and girls using an easy and reliable technique of measurement with a standardised custom-made goniometer. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:155–61.
‘Message for Posterity’: The Singing Detective (1986) 25 years on
Authors: Cook John R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article offers a reappraisal of Dennis Potter’s television script for The Singing Detective (BBC, 1986) in the 25th anniversary period of the production’s first broadcast. The article reviews the history of the author’s intellectual engagement with The Singing Detective – of what it meant to him then, when he first saw the production in 1986 and of what it means to him now. It discusses the relationship of The Singing Detective to literary modernism, particularly James Joyce’s novel, Ulysses published in 1922. It examines debates on whether Potter is a postmodern writer and also explores the relationship of The Singing Detective to psychoanalysis. It concludes by arguing that Potter’s TV screenplay for The Singing Detective is best seen as a religious work in which spirituality is redefined as the capacity for human beings to reshape their own reality. In this lies Potter’s Christian optimism and The Singing Detective stands as his message for posterity in this regard.
Chaos, culture and fantasy: The television plays of Howard Schuman
Authors: Panos Leah 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The single plays of American ex-pat playwright Howard Schuman produced for British television between 1973 and 1983 have received little critical attention. Written in a distinctly un-British madcap, non-naturalistic and often pulpy ‘B movie’ style, they centre around caricatured, hysterical and/or camp characters and make frequent references to popular culture. This article provides a general survey of Schuman’s plays and analyses his sensibility as a screenwriter, drawing extensively on material from interviews with the writer. The article’s particular focus is how and why different cultural forms including music, film and theatre are used and referred to in Schuman’s plays, and how this conditions the plays’ narrative content and visual and aural form. It also considers the reception of Schuman’s plays and their status as non-naturalistic dramas that engage heavily with American pop culture, within the context of British drama. Finally, it explores the writer’s relationship to style and aesthetics, and considers how his written works have been enhanced through creative design decisions, comparing his directions (in one of his scripts) with the realized play to reflect on the use of key devices.
An Oka principle for equivariant isomorphisms
Authors: Kutzschebauch Frank , Lárusson Finnur , Schwarz Gerald W. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Let G be a reductive complex Lie group acting holomorphically on normal Stein spaces X and Y, which are locally G-biholomorphic over a common categorical quotient Q. When is there a global G-biholomorphism X → Y?

If the actions of G on X and Y are what we, with justification, call generic, we prove that the obstruction to solving this local-to-global problem is topological and provide sufficient conditions for it to vanish. Our main tool is the equivariant version of Grauert's Oka principle due to Heinzner and Kutzschebauch.

We prove that X and Y are G-biholomorphic if X is K-contractible, where K is a maximal compact subgroup of G, or if X and Y are smooth and there is a G-diffeomorphism ψ : X → Y over Q, which is holomorphic when restricted to each fibre of the quotient map X → Q. We prove a similar theorem when ψ is only a G-homeomorphism, but with an assumption about its action on G-finite functions. When G is abelian, we obtain stronger theorems. Our results can be interpreted as instances of the Oka principle for sections of the sheaf of G-biholomorphisms from X to Y over Q. This sheaf can be badly singular, even for a low-dimensional representation of SL2(ℂ).

Our work is in part motivated by the linearisation problem for actions on ℂ
n
. It follows from one of our main results that a holomorphic G-action on ℂ
n
, which is locally G-biholomorphic over a common quotient to a generic linear action, is linearisable.
The effect of coadministration of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on arsenic trioxide-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Prabir Kumar , Dey Avijit , Mukherjee Sanjit , Pradhan Nirmal Kumar 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background: Arsenic, acting as an endocrine disruptor, causes reproductive malfunctions. Studies have been undertaken to find out whether the co-supplementation of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid (AT-AA) could reduce the arsenic-induced testicular toxicity caused by oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (120±10 g) were given arsenic trioxide [3 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) per day] for 30 consecutive days and the supplement group received α-tocopherol (400 mg/kg b.wt. per day) and ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg b.wt. per day). Reproductive functions were evaluated with respect to the histoarchitecture, gametokinetic activity, androgenic potential, glutathione-dependent antioxidant status and DNA damage of the testis.

Results: Arsenic treatment caused marked reduction in the relative weight of the testis (p<0.05) but showed no effect on body weight. The number of germ cells at stage VII of the spermatogenic cycle (p<0.01), the seminiferous tubular diameter (p<0.001) and Leydig cell nuclear area (p<0.01) were significantly reduced. Notable decrease in the activities of testicular Δ5, 3β-HSD (p<0.05) and 17β-HSD (p<0.01) with a concomitant fall in serum testosterone level (p<0.01) along with significant diminution in testicular glutathione S-transferase (p<0.05) activity and reduced glutathione level (p<0.01) were observed. Significant DNA damage (p<0.001) in spermatogenic cells was also noted. All these alterations including DNA strand breakage were seen to be protected with the coadministration of AT-AA.

Conclusions: The data suggest that the protection of testicular toxicity in arsenic-exposed adult rats is possible with combined coadministration of AT-AA.
IGF1 modifications after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients: potential implications of nutritional status according to specific surgical technique
Authors: Pellitero Silvia , Granada María Luisa , Martínez Eva , Balibrea Jose María , Guanyabens Elena , Serra Assumpta , Moreno Pau , Navarro Maruja , Romero Ramon , Alastrué Antonio , Puig-Domingo Manel 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesIGF1 is decreased in morbidly obese (MO) patients and its changes after bariatric surgery weight loss (WL) are not well known. The aim of this study was to analyse IGF1 modifications in MO patients after WL and its relationship to ghrelin and to different types of surgeries.DesignRetrospective follow-up study at the University Medical Center.MethodsOne hundred and nine MO patients (age 44.1±9.3, BMI 51.74±8.75 kg/m2) were evaluated at baseline and 1 year after surgery: 28 sleeve gastrectomy (SG), 31 distal modified (m), and 50 ringed (r) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery. Changes in IGF1, IGFBP3, ratio IGF1:IGFBP3, and ghrelin were evaluated 1 year after surgery.ResultsBaseline prevalence of low IGF1 (defined bys.d.IGF1<−2) was 22%, and %WL 1 year after surgery was 34.9±8.9%. There was a significant decrease in IGFBP3 in all the procedures, an increase in IGF1:IGFBP3 ratio in rRYGBP and SG, but total IGF1 only increased significantly in SG. Albumin concentrations decreased in mRYGBP, did not change in rRYGBP, but increased in SG after surgery. Total ghrelin concentrations increased after both RYGBPs and decreased after SG (P<0.05 in all cases). The prevalence of low IGF1 decreased in SG (28.6 vs 10.1%,P=0.03) and did not change in RYGPBP techniques. The %albumin change was the only dependent variable associated with the % total IGF1 change.ConclusionsRecovery of low IGF1 after bariatric surgery was specifically related to the albumin modifications induced by surgery and was not related to ghrelin modifications.