bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Anti‐Tumor Responses against TL Positive Lymphoma Induced by Skin Grafting and Dendritic Cell Immunization
Authors: Iwase Shigeru , Tsujimura Kunio , Matsudaira Yasue , Ozeki Satoshi , Onozaki Kikuo , Obata Yuichi , Takahashi Toshitada 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen the skin of Tg. Con.3–1 transgenic mice expressing the TL (thymus leukemia) antigen in most tissues is grafted on syngeneic C3H mice, it is rejected, and a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response against the TL antigen is induced. In this study, we first demonstrated that growth of TL positive lymphoma is suppressed in mice immunized by skin grafting. Immunization with bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) from Tg.Con.3–1, was also found to be associated with an anti‐tumor response, but less potent than skin grafting. Relative CTL precursor frequency with DC immunization was also approximately only one third that of skin grafting. The numbers of IFN‐γ producing cells in responder CD8 and CD4 T cell populations were higher with DC immunization than with skin grafting. However, DC immunization seems to induce non‐specific immune responses, as re‐stimulation with TL negative C3H spleen cells resulted in induction of almost half the number observed with TL positive cells. Thus, the actual number of IFN‐γ producing cells in specific responses to TL is not necessarily larger than with skin grafting immunization. The present results altogether suggest that DC immunization is capable of inducing an anti‐tumor reaction, but also possibly unwanted immune responses. In vitro monitoring of specific and non‐specific responses in the immune system, thus, is of particular importance for future development of cancer immunotherapy.
Rotavirus Infection and Intussusception: A View from Retrospect
Authors: Nakagomi Toyoko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA live orally‐administrable rhesus rotavirus (RRV) tetravalent (TV) vaccine, licensed in the U.S.A. and the European Union, was recalled from the market because it was suspected to increase the risk of intussusception during the week following immunization. In contrast, natural rotavirus infection is generally believed not to cause intussusception. Because my experience contributed to the first paper that linked intussusception with rotavirus infection, I have re‐examined our own data published 22 years ago and other studies on this issue. I also made a case study of adenovirus and intussusception as a paradigm to establish an etiological association of viral infection and intussusception. My hypothesis postulated in this review is that natural infection of susceptible (or predisposed) infants with some rotavirus strains, probably serotype G3 rotaviruses, will result in an appreciable fraction of idiopathic intussusception. Thus, the number of rotavirus‐induced intussusception cases may change reflecting the relative frequency of G3 strains, which I believe was much higher in the 70s than during the last two decades. The epidemiological data indicate that the RRV‐TV vaccine triggers intussusception at a rate significantly higher than the background incidence rate following the week of vaccination, particularly after the first dose. In contrast, the data do not suggest that the cumulative incidence among the vaccine recipients increases accordingly, implicating that the risk of intussusception attributable to the RRV‐TV vaccine may be minimal.
Blood Lysate Staining, a New Microscopic Method for Diagnosis of Fungemia Using Peripheral Blood
Authors: Makimura Koichi , Yamamoto Kyoko , Sugita Chise , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe developed a microscopy method for the detection of fungal cells in peripheral blood, termed blood lysate staining, using an approximately 5 × 5 mm dotted blood lysate. This method was able to detect the emerging fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii in murine models of systemic fungal infection and fungemia in patients quickly and at minimal cost. Pathogenic yeasts were successfully detected in 6 of 8 blood samples which were taken from feverish immunocompromised patients who were clinically suspected of having fungal infections. Fungal cells were observed as ovoid to elongated, 3 × 3 to 7 × 10 μm, and occurred singly, budding, and in short chains and clusters in a periodic acid‐Schiff‐stained blood smear. The yeast cells were easily distinguished from blood‐cell debris by their size, shape and smooth yet rigid outline.
The Rabies Virion‐Associated 100‐kDa Polypeptide (VAP100) Is a Host‐Derived Minor Component of the Viral Envelope
Authors: Xiao Sa , Komiya Kazuo , Tochikura Tadafumi S. , Sagara Junji , Tsukita Shoichiro , Kawai Akihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated a minor polypeptide component of 100‐kDa detected in the rabies virion (referred to as VAP100) by using a monoclonal antibody (mAb), #16743, which was shown to recognize the SDS‐denatured VAP100 antigen by immunoblot analyses. Although the VAP100 antigen was hardly detectable in the cell by usual immunoblot methods with this mAb, we could detect the antigen by a luminescent immunoblot method as well as by immunoprecipitation from the metabolically radiolabeled cell lysates and virions. Fluorescent antibody (FA) staining with mAb #16743 detected the uniformly distributed antigen on the formalin‐fixed normal BHK‐21 cells, while slight accumulation of the antigen was also seen in the Golgi area when the cells were permeabilized by treatment with Triton X‐100 after fixation. Rabies virus infection induced alteration of the behavior of VAP100 to show a spotted distribution pattern in virus‐infected cells. Double FA staining with mAb #16743 and rabbit antibody against the rabies virus envelope antigen demonstrated colocalized distribution of the viral envelope antigens and VAP100 in the cell. From these results, we think that VAP100 is a membrane‐associated component of the cell, and its colocalized distribution with the viral envelope antigens in the cell implicates an intimate association of the VAP100 with viral envelope protein(s) and a reflection of possible involvement in the efficient incorporation of VAP100 into the virion.
Monoclonal Antibody against Mycoplasma fermentans‐Specific Aminoglycoglycerolipid
Authors: Matsuda Kazuhiro , Li Jin‐liang , Ichinose Shizuko , Harasawa Ryo , Saito Masaki , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreviously, we reported that Mycoplasma fermentans has specific antigens (phosphocholine‐containing glycoglycerolipids: GGPL‐I and GGPL‐III) and discussed the possibility of their pathogenic role. In this paper, we report the characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MF‐III‐1) specific to GGPL‐III (phosphocholine‐containing aminoglycoglycerolipid) using methods of electron microscopy, immunofluorescence cell surface staining, laser scanning microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and thin‐layer chromatography immunostaining. The MF‐III‐1 antibody specifically recognized M. fermentans attached to the surface of HTLV‐I‐infected human helper T‐cells, and it did not cross‐react with other lipids nor with human T‐cell antigens. Since MF‐III‐1 distinguishes GGPL‐III from GGPL‐I, the binding site may include a serinol (2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediol) residue of GGPL‐III. MF‐III‐1 is useful for the in vitro study of M. fermentans, and may also be useful as a tool for the study of the involvement of M. fermentans in human diseases.
Molecular Ratio between Borna Disease Viral‐p40 and ‐p24 Proteins in Infected Cells Determined by Quantitative Antigen Capture ELISA
Authors: Watanabe Makiko , Zhong Qiu , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kamitani Wataru , Tomonaga Keizo , Ikuta Kazuyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe developed the antigen capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems for quantification of Borna disease virus (BDV) major antigens, p40 and p24. Using these ELISAs, we quantified the two proteins in various BDV‐infected materials, including the cell lysates and culture supernatants as well as the homogenates of experimental animal brains. The ELISAs were also applied to measure the infectious titer of BDV in persistently infected cell lines. Quantitative analysis with these ELISAs allowed us to measure the molecular ratio between the p40 and p24 in infected samples. Interestingly, the ratio of p24 to p40 in persistently infected cells was much higher than that observed in acutely infected cells although the ratios in the supernatants from both cell lines were quite similar. BDV‐inoculated gerbil brain cells showed a relatively high ratio of p24 to p40 as compared with acutely infected cells. These observations suggested that the molecular ratio between the proteins strongly depended on the infectious status of BDV in the host cells. The ELISA system developed here could be a convenient method for the quantification of BDV infection and may also be beneficial for understanding viral replication and infectious status in the host cells.
Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Chlamydia spp. in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Subjects in Japan
Authors: Miyashita Naoyuki , Niki Yoshihito , Iwamoto Aikichi , Yasuoka Akira , Oka Shinichi , Kawata Kaoru , Ito Akira , Tomono Kazunori , Kohno Shigeru , Matsushima Toshiharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo evaluate the seropositivity of Chlamydia spp. in human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)‐infected subjects in Japan, Chlamydia‐specific antibodies in sera collected from 106 HIV‐infected subjects were measured by the microimmunofluorescence test. The prevalence of C. pneumoniae‐specific IgA, C. trachomatis‐specific IgG and IgA and mean titers were significantly higher in the homosexual and heterosexual HIV‐infected subjects than in the hemophilic patients and HIV‐negative controls. These data indicate that the higher C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis seroprevalence among HIV‐infected subjects is probably due to an HIV risk factor, such as promiscuous sexual behavior, rather than to HIV infection itself.
Single‐Tube Multiplex PCR for Rapid and Sensitive Diagnosis of Subgenus B and Other Subgenera Adenoviruses in Clinical Samples
Authors: Fujimoto Tsuguto , Chikahira Masatsugu , Kase Tetsuo , Morikawa Saeko , Okafuji Teruo , Yokota Yoko , Nishio Osamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe developed a new diagnostic method of subgenus (Sub) B adenovirus (Ad) in clinical samples using non‐nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequences of the conserved hexon‐coding region of representative strains of eight serotypes (3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 21, 34 and 35) of Sub B Ad were heterogeneous. In order to distinguish Ad serotype 3 (Ad 3) and Ad 7 from the other serotypes of Sub B Ad, and to differentiate Ad 3 and 7 from each other, 3 different downstream primers were designed based on the sequence heterogeneity. By a single‐tube PCR method using a combination of 6 primers including the 3 new primers, Ads demonstrated to amplify 188, 206, 284, and 301 bp DNA fragments for Ad 3, Ad 7, other Sub B Ads, and non‐Sub B Ads, respectively. A total of 114 clinical samples were selected to evaluate the direct applicability of our PCR. The results were compared with previous culture results. Sixty‐seven out of 71 (94%) Sub B Ad culture‐positive samples, and 15 out of 19 (79%) Sub C or E‐positive samples amplified products of the expected size. Two of 20 (10%) culture‐negative samples from pharyngoconjunctival fever patients were identified as Ad 3 by the PCR. Four samples, from which non‐Ad viruses were isolated, were negative by the PCR. The present study might provide a rapid and sensitive diagnosis method for infections caused by Sub B Ads.
Incidence of Amantadine‐Resistant Influenza A Viruses in Sentinel Surveillance Sites and Nursing Homes in Niigata, Japan
Authors: Masuda Hiroki , Suzuki Hiroshi , Oshitani Hitoshi , Saito Reiko , Kawasaki Satoshi , Nishikawa Makoto , Satoh Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe surveyed the incidence of amantadine‐resistant influenza A viruses both at sentinel surveillance sites and at nursing homes, and verified their types of change by partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the M2 protein. Fifty‐five influenza A viruses from 27 sentinel surveillance sites during six influenza seasons from 1993 to 1999, and 26 influenza A viruses from 5 nursing homes from 1996 to 1999 were examined for susceptibility to the drug by virus titration in the presence or absence of amantadine. While amantadine‐resistant viruses were not found in sentinel surveillance sites, a high frequency of resistance (8/26, 30.8%) in nursing homes was observed. Resistant viruses can occur quickly and be transmitted when used in an outbreak situation at nursing homes, where amantadine is used either for neurologic indications or for influenza treatment. Eight resistant viruses had a single amino acid change of the M2 protein at residue 30 or 31. In vitro, all 11 sensitive viruses turned resistant after 3 or 5 passages in the presence of 2 μg/ml amantadine, and they showed an amino acid change at residue 27, 30, or 31. The predominant amino acid substitution in the M2 protein of resistant viruses is Ser‐31‐Asp (a change at 31, serine to asparagine). The results indicate that a monitoring system for amantadine‐resistant influenza viruses should be established without delay in Japan.
Detection of IgA‐Binding Sites on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type‐1 Envelope Glycoproteins, Gp120 and Gp41
Authors: Matsuda Shunji , Noda Masahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIgA has been supposed to play an important role in the prevention of HIV‐1 infection. In this study, IgA‐binding sites on gp120 and gp41 of HIV‐1 envelope glycoproteins were analyzed using ELISA and overlapping synthetic peptides covering all of the gp120 and gp41 sites. IgA antibodies in plasma and saliva mainly bound to six and five sites on gp120 and gp41, respectively. Some of the IgA‐binding sites differed from those of IgG‐binding sites and the amount of IgA antibodies that bound to each site varied among samples. IgA antibodies in some plasma samples neutralized HIV‐1 infection, and those IgA antibodies contained the antibodies which bound to the V3, C3 and ELDKWA sites. The results suggest that IgA antibodies which bind to certain sites on HIV‐1 envelope glycoproteins may neutralize HIV‐1 infection, presumably at mucosal sites where most IgA antibodies are produced. The induction of IgA antibodies that bind specific sites and neutralize HIV‐1 infection at mucosal sites may be important in the development of a vaccine against HIV‐1 infection.
Spectrum of Gut Immunologic Reactions: Selective Induction of Distinct Responses to Vibrio cholerae WO7 and Its Toxin
Authors: Walia Kamini , Vohra Harpreet , Singh Harminder , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPast studies with Vibrio cholerae have shown that cholera toxin (CT) is mainly responsible for inducing T helper type 2 (Th2) responses with systemic IgG1, IgE and mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies. In this study, V. cholerae WO7, which produces novel toxin unrelated to CT, was given orally to mice in order to determine whether the strain V. cholerae WO7 differs from V. cholerae 569B, which produces CT, in the nature of responses generated at the gut and splenic level. The analysis of immune responses evoked by V. cholerae WO7 in the gut of mice revealed striking differences as compared to those elicited by V. cholerae 569B infection. To assess the T helper cell type responses, lymphocytes from Peyer's patches and the spleen were stimulated in vitro for studying the cytokine patterns. PP and SP lymphoid cells from V. cholerae WO7 infected animals elaborated significant amounts of IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐12 by 7 days p.i., suggesting a Th1 type of response. However by 15 days p.i., the PP and SP lymphoid cells secreted only IL‐6 and IL‐10 with traces of IFN‐γ. On the other hand, infection with V. cholerae 569B yielded mainly Th2 type responses at Peyer's patches as well as the splenic level. Infection with both V. cholerae WO7 and 569B induced toxin‐specific IgA secreting cells at the gut and splenic level along with IgG1 secreting cells, indicating that both V. cholerae WO7 and 569B evoke an antigen‐specific Th2 type of response in the gut as well as spleen. The persistence of IgA along with Th1‐type cytokines indicates an alternate induction mechanism since mucosal IgA responses are usually associated with Th2‐type responses. These observations are suggestive of a common mechanism employed by the host to clear different strains of V. cholerae infection (569B and WO7 in this case), while the nature of toxins elaborated failed to modulate the net outcome of the infection caused by V. cholerae.
The O‐Polysaccharide of Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Vibrio fluvialis O19 Is Identical to That of Vibrio Bioserogroup 1875 Variant
Authors: Kondo Seiichi , Haishima Yuji , Ishida Keiichi , Isshiki Yasunori , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA structural analysis has been carried out on the O‐polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Vibrio fluvialis 181–86 (Kobe) serotype O19 (019) which has the Inaba antigen factor C of O1 V. cholerae and factors D and E in common with Vibrio bioserogroup 1875. The O‐polysaccharide of O19 was characterized as an α (1→2)‐linked homopolymer of N‐3‐hydroxypropionyl‐d‐perosamine (4‐amino‐4,6‐dideoxy‐d‐mannopyranose), which was identical to that of Vibrio bioserogroup 1875 Variant. Passive hemolysis and passive hemolysis inhibition analysis performed using anti‐factor D, E and anti‐factor E antisera, demonstrated that the LPS from O19 harbored O‐antigenic factors identical to those of the LPS from Vibrio bioserogroup 1875 Variant.
Apparent Re‐Emergence of Serotype G9 in 1995 among Rotaviruses Recovered from Japanese Children Hospitalized with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Oka Toyonori , Nakagomi Toyoko , Nakagomi Osamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSerotype G9 rotaviruses have been detected in about 0.5% of the circulating strains worldwide. However, G9 strains emerged globally in the middle of the 90s and thereafter. A rotavirus, contained in stool specimen 95H115, possessing a G9 VP7 emerged in Japan in the 1994–1995 season for the first time after a 9‐year interval since prototype G9 strains AU32 and F45 were discovered in the 1985–1986 season. In comparison with other G9 VP7 genes thus far published, the sequencing of the VP7 genes of AU32 and 95H115 revealed that the 95H115 VP7 gene did not directly evolve from the AU32 VP7 gene but was much more closely related to the contemporary G9 VP7 genes found in the United States of America. Thus, recently emerging G9 VP7 genes were not direct descendants of the VP7 genes of the prototype strains in the 80s, rather they evolved independently into 4 phylogenetic clusters from a common ancestor.
NK Cells Eliminate Cryptococcus neoformans by Potentiating the Fungicidal Activity of Macrophages Rather than by Directly Killing Them upon Stimulation with IL‐12 and IL‐18
Authors: Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Koguchi Yoshinobu , Qureshi Mahboob Hossain , Yara Satomi , Kinjo Yuki , Uezu Koari , Saito Atsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the present study, we examined whether natural killer (NK) cells have direct fungicidal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. Splenic NK cells were obtained from SCID mice and stimulated with a combination of interleukin (IL)‐12 and IL‐18 in flat culture plates or round tubes. They were then or at the same time cultured with the yeast cells and the number of viable yeast cells was examined. We could not detect direct fungicidal activity by NK cells under any culture condition, although they produced a large amount of IFN‐γ and exerted marked cytotoxic activity against YAC‐1 cells. On the other hand, NK cells significantly potentiated the nitric oxide‐mediated cryptococcocidal activity of thioglycolate‐elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained from SCID mice upon stimulation with IL‐12 and IL‐18. The culture supernatants of NK cells stimulated with IL‐12 and IL‐18 provided similar results when used in place of NK cells. The induction of macrophage anticryptococcal activity by NK cells and NK cell culture supernatants were both mediated by IFN‐γ because the specific mAb almost completely abrogated such effect. Considered collectively, our results suggested that NK cells may play a regulatory role in potentiating macrophage‐mediated fungicidal mechanisms in host resistance to infection with C. neoformans rather than exerting a direct killing activity against the fungal pathogen.
RAPD‐ and actA Gene‐Typing of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates of Human Listeriosis, the Intestinal Contents of Cows and Beef
Authors: Inoue Satoshi , Katagiri Kazuhiro , Terao Michinori , Maruyama Tsutomu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeventy‐five L. monocytogenes isolates of human listeriosis, the intestinal contents of cows and beef were divided into 5 major clusters, 17 sub‐clusters and 28 minor clusters by typing using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). According to their major RAPD category, L. monocytogenes isolates serotyped as 1/2b and 4b were distinguished from L. monocytogenes isolates of serovars 1/2a and 1/2c. Moreover serovar 4b was distinguished from serovar 1/2b by a difference in the RAPD sub‐cluster category. All L. monocytogenes were found to possess either actA gene Type I or n, and only one actA gene type was detected in each RAPD minor cluster. actA gene Type II was observed in 32.0%, 38.5 % and 18.9% of isolates from humans, cows and beef, respectively, and was detected more frequently in serovar 4b (46.9%) than in serovars 1/2a (22.2%), 1/2b (7.7%) and 1/2c (0.0%). Twenty (80%) of 25 human isolates fell within three minor RAPD types (II‐d (16%), V‐p‐1 (36%), V‐p‐2 (28%)). Two isolates from humans and beef were found to have the same RAPD type (Type IV‐k‐1), actA gene type (Type I) and serovar (1/2b). Our results suggest that only a few genotypes of L. monocytogenes are predominant in human listeriosis in Japan, although the human isolates were collected over a broad span of time and a wide geographical range. Our results also suggest that RAPD‐, actA gene‐ and sero‐typing can be useful for epidemiological analysis.
CD3− Bone Marrow Cells Augment the Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Showing a Preference for the X‐Chromosome Linked Gene Product of Stimulator Cells
Authors: Oshiro Yoshinori , Tanabe Masao J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractResponder cells, composed of both a limited number of nylon wool‐passed lymph node (NW‐LN) cells and an excess number of CD3+ cell‐depleted bone marrow (CD3− BM) cells from the same strain of mice, were stimulated with allogeneic spleen cells in vitro. The CD3− BM cells augmented the generation of allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from NW‐LN cells. C3H/He (H‐2k, C3H background) responder cells were stimulated with either B10.D2 (H‐2d, B10 background) or BALB/c (H‐2d, BALB background) spleen cells. In the former stimulation, the CTL induced lysed B10.D2 target cells more efficiently than the BALB/c cells. Furthermore, these CTL lysed more (B10.D2 × BALB/c) F1 male target cells than (BALB/c × B10.D2) F1 male. In the latter stimulation, the CTL lysed more BALB/c than B10.D2 cells, and more (BALB/c × B10.D2) F1 male than (B10.D2 × BALB/c) F1 male. The reciprocal mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were carried out, in which BALB/c responder cells were stimulated with either C3H/He or B10.BR (H‐2k, B10 background) spleen cells. In the former stimulation, the CTL induced lysed more C3H/He or (C3H/He × B10.BR) F1 male target cells than B10.BR or (B10.BR × C3H/He) F1 male, and in the latter, the reciprocal results were obtained. These results suggested that the CTL induced had a preference for the X‐chromosome linked gene products (Xlgp), besides the specificity for the allogeneic MHC class I, of the mice used as stimulator.