bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exenatide-Induced Reduction in Energy Intake Is Associated With Increase in Hypothalamic Connectivity
Authors: Schlögl Haiko , Kabisch Stefan , Horstmann Annette , Lohmann Gabriele , Müller Karsten , Lepsien Jöran , Busse-Voigt Franziska , Kratzsch Jürgen , Pleger Burkhard , Villringer Arno , Stumvoll Michael 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists such as exenatide are known to influence neural activity in the hypothalamus of animals and to reduce energy intake. In humans, however, significant weight loss has been observed in only a subgroup of patients. Why only some individuals respond with weight loss and others do not remains unclear. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated differences in hypothalamic connectivity between “responders” (reduction in energy intake after exenatide infusion) and “nonresponders.”

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over fMRI study with intravenous administration of exenatide in obese male volunteers. During brain scanning with continuous exenatide or placebo administration, participants rated food and nonfood images. After each scanning session, energy intake was measured using an ad libitum buffet. Functional hypothalamic connectivity was assessed by eigenvector centrality mapping, a measure of connectedness throughout the brain.

RESULTS
Responders showed significantly higher connectedness of the hypothalamus, which was specific for the food pictures condition, in the exenatide condition compared with placebo. Nonresponders did not show any significant exenatide-induced changes in hypothalamic connectedness.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate a central hypothalamic effect of peripherally administered exenatide that occurred only in the group that showed an exenatide-dependent anorexigenic effect. These findings indicate that the hypothalamic response seems to be the crucial factor for the effect of exenatide on energy intake.
The olfactory system in Alzheimer’s disease: Pathology, pathophysiology and pathway for therapy
Authors: Kovács Tibor 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOlfaction is frequently mentioned as a “neglected sense”, although the olfactory system has several interesting and unique anatomical and physiological features. Olfactory involvement is present in several degenerative disorders, especially in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The peripheral and central parts of the olfactory system are damaged even in the early stages of AD, manifesting in profound olfactory deficits. Besides the early pathology, the olfactory system may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD by providing a route of entry for pathological agents still unknown. In contrast to this olfactory vector hypothesis, the olfactory system can be used to deliver therapeutic agents in AD, such as nerve growth factor and insulin, by decreasing the side-effects of the therapy or providing a non-invasive method of delivery.
Antisense oligonucleotide mediated therapy of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Sivanesan Senthilkumar , Howell Matthew , DiDonato Christine , Singh Ravindra 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA results from deletions or mutations of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1), an essential gene. SMN2, a nearly identical copy, can compensate for SMN1 loss if SMN2 exon 7 skipping is prevented. Among the many cis-elements involved in the splicing regulation of SMN exon 7, intronic splicing silencer N1 (ISS-N1) has emerged as the most effective target for an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated splicing correction of SMN2 exon 7. Blocking of ISS-N1 by an ASO has been shown to fully restore SMN2 exon 7 inclusion in SMA patient cells as well as in vivo. Here we review how ISS-N1 targeting ASOs that use different chemistries respond differently in the various SMA mouse models. We also compare other ASO-based strategies for therapeutic splicing correction in SMA. Given that substantial progress on ASO-based strategies to promote SMN2 exon 7 inclusion in SMA has been made, and that similar approaches in a growing number of genetic diseases are possible, this report has wide implications.
Reviews
Authors: Cochrane  , Shaw  , Cunningham G. Watts , Burt  
Published: March 2013

John Buchan, Memory-Hold-the-Door, reviewed by C. N. Cochrane Etienne Gilson, Dante et la Philosophie, reviewed by J. E. Shaw David Bidney, The Psychology and Ethics of Spinoza: A Study in the History and Logic of Ideas, reviewed by G. Watts Cunningham R. Flenley, Essays in Canadian History, reviewed by A. L. Burt
Reviews
Authors: Brown  , Clark  , Child Philip , Innis  , Auld  
Published: March 2013

Norman Foerster, John C. McGalliard, René Wellek, Austin Warren, and Wilbur L. Schramm, Literary Scholarship: Its Aims and Methods ,reviewed by E. K. Brown Clarence Dana Rouillard, The Turk in French History, Thought and Literature (1520–1660), reviewed by A. F. B. Clark Joseph Warren Beach, American Fiction: 1920–1940, reviewed by Philip Child Warming Both Hands: The Autobiography of Henry Rushton Fairclough including his experiences under the American Red Cross in Switzerland and Montenegro, reviewed by H. A. Innis Mark DeWolfe Howe, ed., Holmes-Pollock Letters: The Correspondence of Mr. Justice Holmes and Sir Frederick Pollock, 1874–1932, reviewed by F. C. Auld Allan H. Gilbert, Literary Criticism: Plato to Dryden, reviewed by A. S. P. W. Gay Wilson Allen and Harry Hayden Clark, eds., Literary Criticism: Pope to Croce, reviewed by A. S. P. W. Paul Robert Lieder and Robert Withington, The Art of Literary Criticism, reviewed by A. S. P. W. J. T. Salter, The Pattern of Politics: The Folkways of a Democratic People, reviewed by A. B. Fredson Thayer Bowers, Elizabethan Revenge Tragedy, 1587–1642, reviewed by R. S. K. Cephas Guillet, The Forgotten Gospel, reviewed by W. R. T.
Reviews
Authors: Lynch Lawrence , Robbins W. , Keenleyside H.L. , Sandwell B.K. , MacCallum Reid , Dunn Charles 
Published: March 2013

Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism, reviewed by Lawrence E. Lynch William Plomer, ed., Kilvert's Diary, 1870–1879: Selections from the Diary of the Rev. Francis Kilvert, reviewed by W. Robbins Andrew W. Lind, Hawaii's Japanese: An Experiment in Democracy, reviewed by H.L. Keenleyside Kenneth Scott Latourette, ed., The History of Japan, reviewed H. L. Keenleyside Kenneth Scott Latourette, A Short History of the Far East, reviewed by H. L. Keenleyside Watson Kirkconnell and A. S. P. Woodhouse, The Humanities in Canada, reviewed by B. K. Sandwell Geddes MacGregor, Aesthetic Experience in Religion, reviewed by Reid MacCallum Edgar A. Sturtevant, An Introduction to Linguistic Science, reviewed by Charles W. Dunn
Reviews
Authors: Priestley F. E. L. , Barker A. E. , Brady A. , Maclure Millar , Powicke Michael , Knox R.S. , McLuhan H. M. , Long Marcus , Priestley F. E. L. 
Published: March 2013

John Holloway, The Victorian Sage: Studies in Argument, reviewed by F.E.L. Priestley Warson Kirkconnell, The Celestial Cycle: The Theme of Paradise Lost in World Literature with Translations of the Major Analogues, reviewed by A.E. Barker W.H.G. Armytage, A.J. Mundella, 1825–1897: The Liberak Background to the Labour Movement, reviewed by A. Brady Rosemond Tuve, A Reading of George Herbert, reviewed by Millar Maclure C.W. Previte-Orton, The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, reviewed by Michael R. Powicke Allardyce Nicoll, A History of English Drama 1600–1900 Vol I, II, III, reviewed by R.S. Knox Spiritual Problems in Contemporary Literature: A Series of Adresses and Discussions, reviewed by H.M. McLuhan A.H. Johnston, Whitehead's Theory of Reality, reviewed by Marcus Long Douglas Knight, Pope and Heroic Tradition: A Critical Study of His Iliad, reviewed by F.E.L. Priestley
Reviews
Authors: Corrigan Beatrice , Shoeck  , Leyerle John 
Published: March 2013

Eric Auerbach, Dante: Poet of the Secular World, reviewed by Beatrice Corrigan Ernest Hatch Wilkins, Life of Petrarch, reviewed by Beatrice Corrigan Eric W. Cochrane, Tradition of Enlightenment in the Tuscan Academies 1690–1800, reviewed by Beatrice Corrigan Bernard Weinberg, A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance, reviewed by R.J. Shoeck Roger S. Loomis, ed., Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, reviewed by John Leyerle Charles W. Dunn, The Foundling and the Werewolf: A Literary-Historical Study of Guillaume de Palerne, reviewed by John Leyerle Sanford B. Meech, Design in Chaucer's Troilus, reviewed by John Leyerle Morton W. Bloomfield, Piers Plowman as a Fourteenth-century Apocalypse, reviewed by John Leyerle Elizabeth Salter, Piers Plowman: An Introduction, reviewed by John Leyerle J. F. Goodridge, trans., Piers The Ploughman, reviewed by John Leyerle Geroge Kane, ed., Piers Plowman: The A Version, reviewed by John Leyerle E.G. Stanley, ed., The Owl and the Nightingale, reviewed by John Leyerle Donald B. Sands, ed., The History of Reynard the Fox, reviewed by John Leyerle
Reviews
Authors: Thomson  , Conacher  , Smith  
Published: March 2013

Margaret Mann Phillips, The 'Adages of Erasmus: A Study with Translations, reviewed by D.F.S. Thomson Margaret Mann Phillips, Erasmus on His Times, reviewed by D.F.S. Thomson James Kelsey McConica, English Humanists and Reformation Politics under Henry VII and Edward VI, reviewed by D.F.S. Thomson Craig R. Thompson, trans., The Coloquies of Erasmus, reviewed by D.F.S. Thomson Jacqueline de Romilly, Time in Greek Tragedy, reviewed by D.J. Conacher James Sutheroand, English Literature of the Late Seventeenth Century, Bertrand Harris Bronson, Facets of the Enlightenment, and R.F. Brissenden, Studies in Eighteenth Century: Papers presented at the David Nichol Smith Memorial Seminar Canberra 1966, reviewed by D.I.B. Smith
Reviews
Authors: Downey James , Johnston George , Frank Roberta , Trentman John 
Published: March 2013

Christopher Ricks, Keats and Embarassment, reviewed by James Downey Denton Fox and Hermann Pálsson, trans., Grettir's Saga, reviewed by George Johnson George Johnston, trans., The Faroe Islanders' Saga, reviewed by Roberta Frank Christine Fell, trans., Egil's Saga, reviewed by Roberta Frank James A. Weisheipl, Friar Thomas D'Aquino: His Life, Thought, and Work, reviewed by John Trentman
Reviews
Authors: Brett  , Kirkwood  , McInnis Edgar 
Published: March 2013

A. Wolf, A History of Science, Technology, and Philosophy in the 16th and 17th Centuries, reviewed by G. S. Brett Harcourt Brown, Scientific Organization in Seventeenth Century France (1620-1680), reviewed by G. S. Brett Margaret Lawrence, The School of Femininity: A Book for and about Women as They are Interpreted through Feminine Writers of Yesterday and Today, reviewed by M. M. Kirkwood R. C. K. Ensor, England, 1870-1914, reviewed by Edgar McInnis
Reviews
Authors: Woodcock George , Grosskurth Phyllis , Ponomareff Constantin 
Published: March 2013

W. J. Keith, Canadian Literature in English, reviewed by George Woodcock Perry Meisel and Walter Kendrick, eds., Bloomsbury/Freud. The Letters of James and Alix Strachey, 1924–1925, Phyllis Grosskurth Mikhail Bakhtin, Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics, reviewed by Constantin V. Ponomareff
Reviews
Authors: Goffart Walter , Tolton  , Kerslake Lawrence , Blewett David , Rosenberg Aubrey , Woodruff James , Warner Janet , Grosskurth Phyllis , Gretlund Jan Nordby 
Published: March 2013

Paul Veyne, ed., A History of Private Life, From Pagan Rome to Byzantium, reviewed by Walter Goffart A History of Private Life, Vol. 1, reviewed by Walter Goffart Priscilla Parkhurst Clark, Literary France: The Making of a Culture, reviewed by C. D. E. Tolton Josué V. Harari, Scenarios of the Imaginary: Theorizing the French Enlightenment, reviewed by Lawrence Kerslake John Bender, Imagining the Penitentiary: Fiction and the Architecture of Mind in Eighteenth-Century England, reviewed by David Blewett Christopher Kelly, Rousseau's Exemplary Life: The 'Confessions' as Political Philosophy, reviewed by Aubrey Rosenberg Paul J. Korshin, ed., Johnson After Two Hundred Years, reviewed by James F. Woodruff Prem Nath, ed., Fresh Reflections on Samuel Johnson: Essays in Criticism, reviewed by James F. Woodruff G. E. Bentley, Jr., Blake Records Supplement, reviewed by Janet Warner Robert Elbaz, The Changing Nature of the Self: A Critical Study of the Autobiographical Discourse, reviewed by Phyllis Grosskurth John Edward Hardy, The Fiction of Walker Percy, reviewed by Jan Nordby Gretlund
Reviews
Authors: Hutcheon Linda , Crosta Suzanne , Chambers Douglas 
Published: March 2013

Jan Gorak, The Making of the Modern Canon: Genesis and Crisis of a Literary Idea, reviewed by Linda Hutcheon Charles Altieri, Canons and Consequences: Reflections on the Ethical Force of Imaginative Ideals, reviewed by Hutcheon Patrick Chamoiseau et Rapheël Confiant, Lettres créoles. Tracées antillaises et continentales de la littérature, reviewed by Suzanne Crosta Patrick Chamoiseau, Texaco, reviewed by Suzanne Crosta Richard Ollard, Pepys A Biography, reviewed by Douglas Chambers
Reviews
Authors: Knox  , Cochrane Charles , Chant  , Steinhauer  , Davis Herbert 
Published: March 2013

J. Dover Wilson, What Happens in Hamlet, reviewed by R. S. Knox Harley Granville-Barker, Prefaces to Shakespeare, reviewed by R. S. Knox John Buchan, Augustus, reviewed by Charles N. Cochrane J. B. Rhine, New Frontiers of the Mind, reviewed by S. N. F. Chant E. M. Butler, The Tyranny of Greece over Germany, reviewed by H. Steinhauer
Marktwirtschaftliche Anreize für Naturschutz in tropischen und subtropischen Ländern
Authors: Diemer Matthias , Borner Sybille 
Published: March 2013

Market-based incentives for conservation in tropical and subtropical forests
Millions of hectares of forests are lost every year in the tropics and subtropics as a result of land use changes and illegal logging. To address this situation, a number of market-based approaches were developed. The rationale is that tropical forests can only be maintained in the long term if economic returns of sustainable activities are equivalent to unsustainable forest uses. This article describes mechanisms such as income generation from forest products, payments for ecosystem services, compensation payments as well as green finance products. An important prerequisite for the successful application of these market-based approaches are robust and legally binding land and land use rights.
La cyberdépendance : et s'il fallait faire des Descartes de nous-mêmes ?
Authors: Nadeau Louise 
Published: March 2013

L’émergence des dépendances sans substance a amené de profondes transformations dans l’idée qu’on se fait des addictions de même que dans la recherche et la pratique clinique. La grande utilisation d’internet entraîne une réflexion relative à une conceptualisation renouvelée, intégrée de la dépendance. Faut-il penser autrement le rapport à la réalité à cause de l’espace virtuel ? La cyberdépendance est-elle une vraie addiction, ou sommes-nous en train de fabriquer des diagnostics à la va-comme-je-te-pousse ? Il peut être utile de s’interroger s’il y a une différence entre les autres espaces virtuels, qui sont des productions antérieures à internet, et internet. On peut aussi se demander si l’usage potentiellement pathologique d’internet est une addiction. Dans une première partie de cet article, l’auteur s’interroge sur l’effet d’internet sur la personnalité normale. La seconde partie présente les limites actuelles dans la définition de la cyberdépendance. Enfin, la troisième s’intéresse à la clinique des personnes qui ont demandé de l’aide en raison de leur usage problématique d’internet.
Les séparations des mères consommatrices de substances psychoactives de leurs enfants : résultats dans une cohorte rétrospective française
Authors: Simmat-Durand Laurence , Genest Louise , Lejeune Claude 
Published: March 2013

La séparation des mères usagères de substances psychoactives de leurs enfants est un constat bien établi dans la littérature internationale. Le suivi d’une cohorte rétrospective de 167 enfants sortis vivants d’une maternité sur la période 1999-2008 et retrouvés en 2010-2011 permet de décrire précisément le devenir des enfants avec un recul de deux à dix ans. Aucune nouvelle n’a été obtenue après la sortie de maternité pour 20 enfants. Au total, 41 enfants sur 167 seront séparés de leur mère à un moment donné de leur trajectoire. Douze enfants seront finalement confiés à une famille adoptive, trois suite à un accouchement sous X, trois du fait de la disparition de la mère, un du fait de son décès et deux suite à un jugement de déchéance. Sur la période, 26 enfants sur 41 auront été orientés vers une famille d’accueil et 14 sur la famille élargie. Ces orientations se cumulent, chaque enfant ayant connu en moyenne deux situations différentes.
Panorama des questionnements économiques liés aux addictions
Authors: Massin Sophie 
Published: March 2013

L’application des outils procurés par la science économique aux comportements dits addictifs remonte à quelques dizaines d’années. Malgré un nombre important de publications confirmant l’intérêt des économistes pour ce thème, la science économique a longtemps peiné – et peine aujourd’hui encore – à s’imposer comme discipline de référence dans l’analyse des addictions. L’objectif de cet article est de dresser un rapide panorama de ce que l’économie, en tant que discipline scientifique, peut apporter à l’analyse des comportements addictifs. La variété des méthodes, des approches et des points de vue au sein de la science économique ne permet évidemment pas de prétendre à l’exhaustivité. Il s’agit avant tout de proposer un tour d’horizon des potentialités aux non-spécialistes de la discipline. Nous proposons de les articuler autour de cinq axes pouvant être associés à cinq branches classiques de la science économique : la microéconomie du consommateur, l’économie industrielle, l’économie publique (regroupant deux sous-branches : l’économie politique et l’économie du bien-être), la macroéconomie et l’évaluation des politiques publiques.
Mortality in Centenarians With Hip Fractures
Authors: Tarity T. David , Smith Eric B. , Dolan Kyle , Rasouli Mohammed R. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. 
Published: March 2013

The proximal femur is one of the primary areas of weakness in the skeleton due to osteoporosis. With more than 50,000 Americans aged at least 100 years, an increasing number of these extremely elderly patients will present with hip fractures. A paucity of literature exists on functional outcomes and mortality rates in the centenarian population who sustain hip fractures. This study evaluated the mortality rate in centenarians who sustained hip fractures to determine whether operative intervention is safe and appropriate.
The authors retrospectively reviewed 23 patients (22 women and 1 man) aged at least 100 years with hip fractures treated at their institution between 2003 and 2010. Twenty-one patients were treated operatively and 2 were treated nonoperatively. Mean Charlson comorbidity index was 2 (range, 0 to 5). The patients’ medical charts or the Social Security Death Index was used to determine their dates of death. Average patient age was 101.9 years at injury and 102.8 years at death. Cumulative in-hospital, 30- and 90-day, 6- and 12-month, and 2-, 3-, and 6-year mortality rates for operatively treated patients were 15%, 20%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 70%, 90%, and 95%, respectively. Both patients treated nonoperatively died within 90 days. One patient is still alive 6 years postoperatively. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 (43%) patients.
Although this patient population is a relatively small subset of the elderly population, the number of these patients is rapidly increasing. Operating on patients older than 100 years carries an acceptable mortality rate. Age alone should not preclude centenarians from undergoing operative treatment for hip fractures.
Clavicular Length: The Assumption of Symmetry
Authors: Cunningham Brian P. , McLaren Alex , Richardson Michael , McLemore Ryan 
Published: March 2013

Recent studies have shown subjectively worse outcomes associated with 15 to 20 mm of clavicle shortening. As a result, more than 15 mm of shortening has become a relative indication for operative management. Various methods to quantify shortening have been described in the literature. All measurement techniques described assume clavicular symmetry to assess clavicular shortening. The goal of this study was to assess the side-to-side variation in clavicle length in uninjured, skeletally mature adults.
Clavicle length in 102 skeletally mature adults (age range, 22–91 years) was measured using computed tomography data. Clavicle length was defined as the distance between the lateral-most point of the clavicle in the acromioclavicular joint and the medial-most point of the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint. The side-to-side difference in clavicular length was analyzed, and patients were organized into 2 groups: group 1 was symmetric (difference of less than 5 mm), and group 2 was asymmetric (difference of more than 5 mm). Mean difference in clavicle length for all patients was 4.25±3.8 mm (range, 0–23 mm). Clavicular symmetry was found in 73 (71.5%) of 102 patients. The remaining 29 patients had asymmetry greater than 5 mm. Asymmetry greater than 10 mm was found in 7 (7%) of 102 patients. Twenty-eight percent of clavicles were asymmetric, whereas 7% had clinically significant asymmetry that could affect treatment decisions.
This finding calls into question previous methods developed to assess clavicular length in the setting of trauma because of the assumption of symmetry. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of hand dominance and pediatric trauma on this observation.
Clay-shoveler’s Fracture During Indoor Rock Climbing
Authors: Kaloostian Paul E. , Kim Jennifer E. , Calabresi Peter A. , Bydon Ali , Witham Timothy 
Published: March 2013

Indoor rock climbing is becoming more popular for people of all ages. Despite the tremendous interest in this competitive sport, participants are made aware of the dangers associated with participating. The authors present the first reported case of a clay-shoveler’s fracture at the T1 spinous process during indoor rock climbing. They describe the management and natural history of this fracture and discuss management strategies for this increasingly popular recreational sport.
A 14-year-old competitive indoor rock climber presented with acute-onset midline thoracic pain at T1 while indoor rock climbing. He reported no recent falls or trauma but stated that the pain came on abruptly while rock climbing. On examination, he was neurologically intact except for significant tenderness to palpation at the T1 spinous process. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a minimally displaced T1 spinous process fracture with evidence of significant surrounding muscular edema, suggesting an acute fracture. He was treated conservatively with anti-inflammatory drugs, complete climbing restriction, and rest. He continued to have focal upper back pain at the level of the fracture over the next 4 months. He was unable to climb for 4 months until his pain resolved after conservative treatment of climbing restriction, pain control, and rest.
This is the first documented case of a clay-shoveler’s fracture sustained in a pediatric patient directly attributable to indoor rock climbing.