bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on the Production of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin and Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in Selected Ready‐to‐Eat (RTE) Foods in Korea
Authors: Min Kyung‐Jin , Jung Yang‐Jin , Kwon Kyung‐Yoon , Kim Ju‐Hui , Hwang In‐Gyun , Yoon Ki‐Sun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study quantitatively analyzed staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus in contaminated ready‐to‐eat kimbabs and sandwiches stored at 17 to 30C. To detect a TECRA SE, visual immunoassay kit and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay reader was used. The amount of SE in the kimbab was positively correlated with the growth of S. aureus at all storage temperatures except for 17C. The maximum amount of SE in the sandwich did not exceed 0.5 ng/g, regardless of storage temperature. The maximum amounts of SE in the kimbabs and sandwiches were 1.8 ng/g and 0.15 ng/g after 30.5 and 52 h at 30C, respectively, indicating that SE production was dependent on the types of food matrix. In addition, the thermal inactivation of staphylococcal enterotoxin D (SED) producing S. aureus in the kimbabs and broth was determined at temperatures 51 to 63C, and the D‐ and z‐values were calculated. Significant differences in the D‐values between the kimbab and broth were observed at 51 to 63C, but the z‐value was not significantly affected by the model medium.Practical ApplicationStaphylococcal enterotoxin production is dependent on the types of food matrix and storage temperature, regardless of the growth of S. aureus in food. Thermal inactivation kinetics of S. aureus, which was obtained in this study, can be used in designing thermal times and temperatures of ready‐to‐eat food during heat processing.
Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses with CAD/CAM‐Fabricated Porcelain Crown and Zirconia‐Based Framework
Authors: Takaba Masayuki , Tanaka Shinpei , Ishiura Yuichi , Baba Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecently, fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with a hybrid structure of CAD/CAM porcelain crowns adhered to a CAD/CAM zirconia framework (PAZ) have been developed. The aim of this report was to describe the clinical application of a newly developed implant‐supported FDP fabrication system, which uses PAZ, and to evaluate the outcome after a maximum application period of 36 months. Implants were placed in three patients with edentulous areas in either the maxilla or mandible. After the implant fixtures had successfully integrated with bone, gold‐platinum alloy or zirconia custom abutments were first fabricated. Zirconia framework wax‐up was performed on the custom abutments, and the CAD/CAM zirconia framework was prepared using the CAD/CAM system. Next, wax‐up was performed on working models for porcelain crown fabrication, and CAD/CAM porcelain crowns were fabricated. The CAD/CAM zirconia frameworks and CAD/CAM porcelain crowns were bonded using adhesive resin cement, and the PAZ was cemented. Cementation of the implant superstructure improved the esthetics and masticatory efficiency in all patients. No undesirable outcomes, such as superstructure chipping, stomatognathic dysfunction, or periimplant bone resorption, were observed in any of the patients. PAZ may be a potential solution for ceramic‐related clinical problems such as chipping and fracture and associated complicated repair procedures in implant‐supported FDPs.
Fracture Strength of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconium‐Dioxide (Y‐TZP) Fixed Dental Prostheses (FDPs) with Different Abutment Core Thicknesses and Connector Dimensions
Authors: Ambré Marcus J. , Aschan Fredrik , von Steyern Per Vult 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the fracture strength and fracture mode of yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP) posterior three‐unit FDPs with varying connector dimension and abutment core thickness.Materials and MethodsSeventy 3‐unit posterior FDP cores made of Y‐TZP were divided into 7 groups with varying connector dimensions and abutment core thicknesses. All the FDPs underwent a simulated aging process including veneering, firing applications, thermocycling, and cyclic preloading. Finally the FDPs were subjected to load until fracture.ResultsSignificant difference was seen between the different subgroups (p < 0.05). Groups with the same connector dimension showed no significant difference in fracture strength. All fractures of the specimens involved the connector.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the strength of an all‐ceramic Y‐TZP FDP beam depends more on the connector dimension than on the thickness of the abutment core. Results indicate that the minimum abutment core thickness of an all‐ceramic Y‐TZP FDP might be reduced, compared to the recommended thickness, without reducing the strength of the reconstruction. This indication, however, needs to be verified by further studies before being considered generally applicable.
Towards new ways of working in dementia: perceptions of specialist dementia care nurses about their own level of knowledge, competence and unmet educational needs
Authors: PAGE S. , HOPE K. 
Published: January 2013

Accessible summary

The move towards new ways of working in Mental Health services has challenged multidisciplinary teams to consider how new roles and responsibilities can be supported.

Staff development is central to this but there are concerns about education and training opportunities within the dementia workforce.

This papers asks nurses working in dementia care to assess their own level of knowledge and competence and to identify areas of unmet educational needs.

The results suggest that not all nurses are developed to such a point that new ways of working can be effectively introduced.
AbstractIt is expedient to consider new ways in which dementia care services may be configured to meet increasing demographic, societal and regulatory demands. Greater equity in the distribution of clinical responsibility across multidisciplinary teams has been suggested as one method that may offer a range of benefits to both the service user and the service itself. However, within the dementia workforce there are concerns about inconsistency and variability in both knowledge of dementia and competency in meeting the needs of those affected. Taking this into account it was felt important to explore perceived knowledge and competency of specialist dementia care nurses who would not only be expected to possess higher levels of knowledge and skill but are positioned as the obvious clinical group to engage with new ways of working. Consequently, this paper offers the results and subsequent discussion of a survey of senior nurses working in dementia care across the UK.
ClpV recycles VipA/VipB tubules and prevents non‐productive tubule formation to ensure efficient type VI protein secretion
Authors: Kapitein Nicole , Bönemann Gabriele , Pietrosiuk Aleksandra , Seyffer Fabian , Hausser Ingrid , Locker Jacomine Krijnse , Mogk Axel 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe multicomponent type VI secretion system (T6SS) mediates the transport of effector proteins by puncturing target membranes. T6SSs are suggested to form a contractile nanomachine, functioning similar to the cell‐puncturing device of tailed bacteriophages. The T6SS members VipA/VipB form tubular complexes and are predicted to function in analogy to viral tail sheath proteins by providing the energy for secretion via contraction. The ATPase ClpV disassembles VipA/VipB tubules in vitro, but the physiological relevance of tubule disintegration remained unclear. Here, we show that VipA/VipB tubules localize near‐perpendicular to the inner membrane of Vibrio cholerae cells and exhibit repetitive cycles of elongation, contraction and disassembly. VipA/VipB tubules are decorated by ClpV in vivo and become static in ΔclpV cells, indicating that ClpV is required for tubule removal. VipA/VipB tubules mislocalize in ΔclpV cells and exhibit a reduced frequency of tubule elongation, indicating that ClpV also suppresses the spontaneous formation of contracted, non‐productive VipA/VipB tubules. ClpV activity is restricted to the contracted state of VipA/VipB, allowing formation of functional elongated tubules at a T6SS assembly. Targeting of an unrelated ATPase to VipA/VipB is sufficient to replace ClpV function in vivo, suggesting that ClpV activity is autonomously regulated by VipA/VipB conformation.
The intestinal fatty acid propionate inhibits Salmonella invasion through the post‐translational control of HilD
Authors: Hung Chien‐Che , Garner Cherilyn D. , Slauch James M. , Dwyer Zachary W. , Lawhon Sara D. , Frye Jonathan G. , McClelland Michael , Ahmer Brian M. M. , Altier Craig 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTo cause disease, Salmonella must invade the intestinal epithelium employing genes encoded within Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1). We show here that propionate, a fatty acid abundant in the intestine of animals, repressed SPI1 at physiologically relevant concentration and pH, reducing expression of SPI1 transcriptional regulators and consequently decreasing expression and secretion of effector proteins, leading to reduced bacterial penetration of cultured epithelial cells. Essential to repression was hilD, which occupies the apex of the regulatory cascade within SPI1, as loss of only this gene among those of the regulon prevented repression of SPI1 transcription by propionate. Regulation through hilD, however, was achieved through the control of neither transcription nor translation. Instead, growth of Salmonella in propionate significantly reduced the stability of HilD. Extending protein half‐life using a Lon protease mutant demonstrated that protein stability itself did not dictate the effects of propionate and suggested modification of HilD with subsequent degradation as the means of action. Furthermore, repression was significantly lessened in a mutant unable to produce propionyl‐CoA, while further metabolism of propionyl‐CoA appeared not to be required. These results suggest a mechanism of control of Salmonella virulence in which HilD is post‐translationally modified using the high‐energy intermediate propionyl‐CoA.
Interventions concerning competence building in community palliative care services – a literature review
Authors: Raunkiaer Mette , Timm Helle 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundStudies establish that many incurably ill people would prefer to die at home, whether their final home is their own home or a nursing home. Experience shows that the professionals in palliative care at the basis level need to increase their competences. The purpose of this literature review is to examine experiences with interventions regarding the development of competencies within community palliative care services – in other words, at the individual work places.MethodThe study has been carried out as a literature review of international databases (PubMed/Medline, CHINAL, PsycInfo) with selected key words.ResultsThe review of the literature identified 15 publications which dealt with interventions regarding education and competence building. The publications represent individual studies, only two of which were controlled. All conclude that competence building has a positive effect according to the professionals. It is unknown whether or how patients and relatives feel a positive effect from the interventions just as it is unknown how the development of competencies has actually led to a more developed practice. The effect of local competence building in palliative care in the primary sector is lacking. Methods are needed to further examinations of how a competency has actually led to a more developed practice.
A LiTat 1.5 variant surface glycoprotein‐derived peptide with diagnostic potential for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Authors: Van Nieuwenhove Liesbeth , Büscher Philippe , Balharbi Fatima , Humbert Michael , Guisez Yves , Lejon Veerle 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of a peptide, corresponding to the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) LiTat 1.5 amino acid (AA) sequence 268–281 and identified through alignment of monoclonal antibody selected mimotopes, for diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness.MethodsA synthetic biotinylated peptide (peptide 1.5/268–281), native VSG LiTat 1.3 and VSG LiTat 1.5 were tested in an indirect ELISA with 102 sera from patients with HAT and 102 endemic HAT‐negative controls.ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC) of peptide 1.5/268–281 was 0.954 (95% confidence interval 0.918–0.980), indicating diagnostic potential. The areas under the curve of VSG LiTat 1.3 and LiTat 1.5 were 1.000 (0.982–1.000) and 0.997 (0.973–1.000), respectively, and significantly higher than the AUC of peptide 1.5/268–281. On a model of VSG LiTat 1.5, peptide 1.5/268–281 was mapped near the top of the VSG.ConclusionsA biotinylated peptide corresponding to AA 268–281 of VSG LiTat 1.5 may replace the native VSG in serodiagnostic tests, but the diagnostic accuracy is lower than for the full‐length native VSG LiTat 1.3 and VSG LiTat 1.5.
Reliability of 400‐cell and 5‐field leukocyte differential counts for equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Fernandez Nicole J , Hecker Kent G , Gilroy Cornelia V , Warren Amy L , Léguillette Renaud 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundReliable enumeration of mast cells and eosinophils in equine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is important because small increases in the percentages of these cells support the clinical diagnosis of inflammatory airway disease (IAD). Increases in BAL neutrophils also occur with IAD but are not specific due to overlap between IAD and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of a standard 400‐cell leukocyte differential count and an alternate method evaluating 5 microscopic fields at 500× magnification in equine BAL fluid cytocentrifuged preparations.MethodsBAL samples from 60 horses with and without pulmonary inflammation were evaluated using 400‐cell and 5‐field leukocyte differential counting methods. Reliability of enumeration of each leukocyte type was assessed by calculating and comparing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Reliability of mast cell enumeration was further evaluated by comparing ICCs of slides with different cell densities.ResultsReliability was higher for all cell types with the 5‐field method; however, overall the difference between methods was not statistically significant. Neutrophil reliability was high (ICC > 0.90) with both methods. Adequate reliability (ICC > 0.85) for mast cells was achieved only with the 5‐field method on slides with higher cell density.ConclusionEnumeration of mast cells is unreliable when the standard 400‐cell differential counting method is used, whereas the 5‐field method on slides with higher cell density reached acceptable reproducibility. Neutrophil percentages were highly reliable with both methods.
Systematics of Pipizini and taxonomy of European Pipiza Fallén: molecular and morphological evidence (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Vujić Ante , Ståhls Gunilla , Ačanski Jelena , Bartsch Hans , Bygebjerg Rune , Stefanović Ana 
Published: January 2013

Vujić, A., Ståhls, G., Ačanski, J., Bartsch, H., Bygebjerg, R. & Stefanović, A. (2013). Systematics of Pipizini and taxonomy of European Pipiza Fallén: molecular and morphological evidence (Diptera, Syrphidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 42, 288–305.In the present work the monophyly and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the genera of tribe Pipizini (Syrphidae) were investigated based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear 28S rDNA sequences, and the relationships among species of genus Pipiza Fallén, 1810 based on mtDNA COI sequences. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Pipizini supported Pipiza as monophyletic and as sister group to all other Pipizini, and resolved other Pipizini genera as monophyletic lineages except for genus Heringia Rondani, 1856. To recognize the distinctness and maintain the monophyly the genus Heringia was redefined, generic rank was assigned to Neocnemodon Goffe, 1944 stat. n., and the genus Claussenia Vujić & Ståhls gen. n., type‐species Claussenia hispanica (Strobl, 1909), was described. A revision of the European Pipiza species, including a discussion of taxonomic characters and a morphological redefinition of all included species, is presented. One new species, Pipiza laurusi Vujić & Ståhls sp. n. was described. The taxa Pipiza carbonaria Meigen, 1822; Pipiza fasciata, Meigen 1822; Pipiza lugubris (Fabricius, 1775), Pipiza noctiluca (Linneaues, 1758), Pipiza notata Meigen, 1822 were redefined. Lectotypes are designated for 17 taxa, and neotypes were designated for seven taxa. Fourteen new synonymies were proposed. Male genitalia were illustrated for all the species, and a key of the 12 European species for males and females was provided. Geometric morphometrics of wing landmarks and extended sampling of mtDNA COI sequences was employed to delimitate taxa of the P. noctiluca and P. lugubris complexes. Despite subtle morphological differences, wing geometric morphometrics variables of wing size and shape showed highly significant differences among species within P. noctiluca and P. lugubris complexes, which were supported by the molecular data.
Enhancement of Human Cancer Cell Motility and Invasiveness by Anaphylatoxin C5a via Aberrantly Expressed C5a Receptor (CD88)
Authors: Nitta Hidetoshi , Wada Yoshihiro , Kawano Yoshiaki , Murakami Yoji , Irie Atsushi , Taniguchi Keisuke , Kikuchi Ken , Yamada Gen , Suzuki Kentaro , Honda Jiro , Wilson-Morifuji Masayo , Araki Norie , Eto Masatoshi , Baba Hideo , Imamura Takahisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose: The anaphylatoxin C5a is a chemoattractant that induces leukocyte migration via C5a receptor (C5aR). There is emerging evidence that C5a is generated in the cancer microenvironment. We therefore sought C5aR expression and a direct influence of the C5a–C5aR axis on cancer cells.Experimental Design: C5aR expression was investigated in human cancer tissues and cell lines. Effects of C5a stimulation on cancer cells were studied by cytoskeletal rearrangement, time-lapse analysis, Matrigel chamber assay, and invasion in nude mouse in a comparison of C5aR-expressing cancer cells with control cells.Results: C5aR was aberrantly expressed in various human cancers. Several cancer cell lines also expressed C5aR. C5a triggered cytoskeletal rearrangement and enhanced cell motility three-fold and invasiveness 13-fold of C5aR-expressing cancer cells. Such enhancement by C5a was not observed in control cells. Cancer cell invasion was still enhanced in the absence of C5a concentration gradient and even after the removal of C5a stimulation, suggesting that random cell locomotion plays an important role in C5a-triggered cancer cell invasion. C5a increased the release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) from cancer cells by two- to 11-fold, and inhibition of MMP activity abolished the C5a-enhancing effect on cancer cell invasion. Compared with control cells, C5aR-expressing cells spread 1.8-fold more broadly at implanted nude mouse skin sites only when stimulated with C5a.Conclusions: These results illustrate a novel activity of the C5a–C5aR axis that promotes cancer cell invasion through motility activation and MMP release. Targeting this signaling pathway may provide a useful therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 2004–13. ©2013 AACR.
Rhodocetin-αβ–induced Neuropilin-1–cMet Association Triggers Restructuring of Matrix Contacts in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Niland Stephan , Ditkowski Bartosz , Parrandier Désirée , Roth Lise , Augustin Hellmut , Eble Johannes A. 
Published: January 2013

Objective—
The snake venom component rhodocetin-αβ (RCαβ) stimulates endothelial cell motility in an α2β1 integrin–independent manner. We aimed to elucidate its cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Methods and Results—
We identified neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) as a novel target of RCαβ by protein-chemical methods. RCαβ and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A avidly bind to Nrp1. Instead of acting as VEGF receptor 2 coreceptor, Nrp1 associates upon RCαβ treatment with cMet. Furthermore, cell-based ELISAs and kinase inhibitor studies showed that RCαβ induces phosphorylation of tyrosines 1234/1235 and thus activation of cMet. Consequently, paxillin is phosphorylated at Y31, which is redistributed from streak-like focal adhesions to spot-like focal contacts at the cell perimeter, along with α2β1 integrin, thereby regulating cell–matrix interactions. Cortactin is abundant in the cell perimeter, where it is involved in the branching of the cortical actin network of lamellipodia, whereas tensile force–bearing actin stress fibers radiating from focal adhesions disappear together with zyxin, a focal adhesion marker, on RCαβ treatment.

Conclusion—
Our data demonstrate that (1) Nrp1 is a novel target for venom components, such as RCαβ; (2) Nrp1 coupled to cMet regulates the type of cell–matrix interactions in a manner involving paxillin phosphorylation; and (3) altered cell–matrix interactions determine endothelial cell migration and cellular force management.
Trophoblast-Induced Changes in C-X-C Motif Chemokine 10 Expression Contribute to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation During Spiral Artery Remodeling
Authors: Wallace Alison E. , Cartwright Judith E. , Begum Runa , Laing Ken , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Whitley Guy S. 
Published: January 2013

Objective—
During pregnancy, fetal trophoblast disrupt endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) interactions in spiral arteries of the maternal decidua to enable increased nutritional and oxygen delivery to the fetus. Little is known regarding this transformation because of difficulties of studying human pregnancy in vivo. This study investigated how trophoblast-secreted factors affect the interactions of vascular cells and the differentiation status of VSMC during spiral arteries remodeling using 3-dimensional vascular spheroid coculture.

Methods and Results—

Endothelial cell and VSMC were cocultured in hanging droplets to form spheroids representing an inverted vessel lumen. Control or conditioned media from an extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell line was incubated with vascular spheroids for 24 hours. Spheroid RNA was then analyzed by Illumina Sentrix BeadChip array. Spheroids incubated with EVT conditioned medium showed significant up/downregulation of 101 genes (>1.5-fold;
P
<0.05), including an upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (IP-10). C-X-C motif chemokine 10 expression was confirmed by qualitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of spheroids, and immunohistochemistry of first trimester decidua and ex vivo dissected nonplacental bed spiral arteries. EVT conditioned medium reduced VSMC expression of differentiation markers, and both EVT conditioned medium and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 increased motility of VSMC indicating dedifferentiation of VSMC.

Conclusion—
EVT-induced C-X-C motif chemokine 10 expression may contribute to spiral arteries remodeling during pregnancy by altering the motility and differentiation status of the VSMC in the vessel.