bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Impact of “Fast Decline” in Residual Renal Function and “Initial Anuria” on Long-Term Outcomes in Capd Patients
Authors: Lu Yi-Hua , Hwang Jyh-Chang , Jiang Ming-Yan , Wang Charn-Ting 
Published: April 2014

Background Residual renal function (RRF) is pivotal to long-term outcomes, while rapid RRF decline (RRFD) is associated with mortality risk for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. This study was conducted to compare the impact of “initial anuria” and rapid RRFD on the long-term prognosis of CAPD patients. Method According to the timing of anuria and the slope of RRFD, a total of 255 incident CAPD patients were divided into 3 groups. For the “anuria” group, anuria was detected from CAPD initiation and persisted for > 6 months ( n = 27). Based on the median of the RRFD slope, the other 228 non-anuric patients were divided into a “slow decliner” group ( n = 114), and a “rapid decliner” group ( n = 114). The maximal observation period was 120 months. Results Logistic regression tests indicated that the “anuria” group was associated with previous hemodialysis > 3 months (odds ratio [OR]: 8.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.12 - 23.28), and female (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09 - 0.90), while the “fast decliner” group with higher Davies co-morbidity scores (DCS) (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.14), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.21), and male (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.21). After adjusting for DCS, the “fast decliner” group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17 - 0.80) showed a better outcome than that of the “anuria” group (reference = 1). Both baseline RRF (β = -0.24; p < 0.001) and DCS (β = -3.76; p < 0.001) showed inverse linear correlations to the slope of RRFD. From the Cox proportional analyses, higher baseline RRF (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88 - 0.97) and higher slope of RRFD (slower decline in RRF) (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85 - 0.96) were independent factors for less mortality risk in patients with DCS = 0. However, only a higher slope of RRFD (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94 - 0.99) was significant for better survival in CAPD patients with DCS > 0. Conclusion Compared to the baseline RRF, CAPD patients with co-morbidities that rapidly deteriorate RRFD are more crucially associated with long-term mortality risk.
Utility of Urinary Biomarkers in Predicting Loss of Residual Renal Function: The BAL Anz Trial
Authors: Cho Yeoungjee , Johnson David W. , Vesey David A. , Hawley Carmel M. , Clarke Margaret , Topley Nicholas 
Published: April 2014

Background The ability of urinary biomarkers to predict residual renal function (RRF) decline in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has not been defined. The present study aimed to explore the utility of established biomarkers from kidney injury models for predicting loss of RRF in incident PD patients, and to evaluate the impact on RRF of using neutral-pH PD solution low in glucose degradation products. Methods The study included 50 randomly selected participants from the balANZ trial who had completed 24 months of follow-up. A change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was used as the primary clinical outcome measure. In a mixed-effects general linear model, baseline measurements of 18 novel urinary biomarkers and albumin were used to predict GFR change. The model was further used to evaluate the impact of biocompatible PD solution on RRF, adjusted for each biomarker. Results Baseline albuminuria was not a useful predictor of change in RRF in PD patients ( p = 0.84). Only clusterin was a significant predictor of GFR decline in the whole population ( p = 0.04, adjusted for baseline GFR and albuminuria). However, the relationship was no longer apparent when albuminuria was removed from the model ( p = 0.31). When the effect of the administered PD solutions was examined using a model adjusted for PD solution type, baseline albuminuria, and GFR, higher baseline urinary concentrations of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, p = 0.02), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1, p = 0.04), and interferon γ–induced protein 10 (IP-10, p = 0.03) were associated with more rapid decline of RRF in patients receiving conventional PD solution compared with biocompatible PD solution. Conclusions Higher urinary levels of kidney injury biomarkers (TFF3, KIM-1, IP-10) at baseline predicted significantly slower RRF decline in patients receiving bio-compatible PD solutions. Findings from the present investigation should help to guide future studies to validate the utility of urinary biomarkers as tools to predict RRF decline in PD patients.
The First Peritonitis Episode Alters the Natural Course of Peritoneal Membrane Characteristics in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: van Diepen Anouk T.N. , van Esch Sadie , Struijk Dirk G. , Krediet Raymond T. 
Published: April 2014

Objective Little or no evidence is available on the impact of the first peritonitis episode on peritoneal transport characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the importance of the very first peritonitis episode and distinguish its effect from the natural course by comparison of peritoneal transport before and after infection. Participants We analyzed prospectively collected data from 541 incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, aged > 18 years, between 1990 and 2010. Standard Peritoneal Permeability Analyses (SPA) within the year before and within the year after (but not within 30 days) the first peritonitis were compared. In a control group without peritonitis, SPAs within the first and second year of PD were compared. Main outcome measurements SPA data included the mass transfer area coefficient of creatinine, glucose absorption and peritoneal clearances of β–2-microglobulin (b2m), albumin, IgG and α–2-macroglobulin (a2m). From these clearances, the restriction coefficient to macromolecules (RC) was calculated. Also, parameters of fluid transport were determined: transcapillary ultrafiltration rate (TCUFR), lymphatic absorption (ELAR), and free water transport. Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were used to compare the slopes of peritoneal transport parameters in the peritonitis group to the control group. Adjustments were made for age, sex and diabetes. Results Of 541 patients, 367 experienced a first peritonitis episode within a median time of 12 months after the start of PD. Of these, 92 peritonitis episodes were preceded and followed by a SPA within one year. Forty-five patients without peritonitis were included in the control group. Logistic reasons (peritonitis group: 48% vs control group: 83%) and switch to hemodialysis (peritonitis group: 22% vs control group: 3%) were the main causes of missing SPA data post-peritonitis and post-control. When comparing the slopes of peritoneal transport parameters in the peritonitis group and the control group, a first peritonitis episode was associated with faster small solute transport (glucose absorption, p = 0.03) and a concomitant lower TCUFR ( p = 0.03). In addition, a discreet decrease in macromolecular transport was seen in the peritonitis group: mean difference in post- and pre-peritonitis values: IgG: -8 μL/min ( p = 0.01), a2m: -4 μL/min ( p = 0.02), albumin: -10 μL/min (p = 0.04). Accordingly, the RC to macromolecules increased after peritonitis: 0.09, p = 0.04. Conclusions The very first peritonitis episode alters the natural course of peritoneal membrane characteristics. The most likely explanation might be that cured peritoneal infection later causes long-lasting alterations in peritoneal transport state.
Screening and Identification of a Novel Adefovir Dipivoxil Resistance Associated Mutation, RTN236V, of HBV from a Large Cohort of HBV-Infected Patients
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Wenhui , Li Xiaodong , Xu Zhihui , Wang Xiao , Li Changxing , Chen Li , Xin Shaojie , Xu Dongping 
Published: April 2014

Background The study aimed to clarify whether rtN236V mutation of HBV derived from adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-refractory patients was associated with drug resistance. Methods A total of 18,419 patients from Beijing 302 Hospital were investigated. HBV complete reverse transcriptase region of polymerase was screened by direct sequencing and verified by clonal sequencing if necessary. Replication-competent wild-type and mutant HBV genomic amplicons were constructed, transfected into HepG2 cells and cultured in the presence or absence of serially diluted nucleoside/nucleotide analogues. Intracellular HBV replicative intermediates were quantitated for calculating the 50% effective concentration of drug. Results rtN236V was detected in six ADV-refractory patients; signature ADV-resistant mutations rtA181V and rtN236T were detected in 1,311 patients. rtN236V mutants emerged predominantly with virological breakthrough in the clinical course of the six patients. Phenotypic analysis of the mutants from two patients was performed. rtN236V mutants from patient 1 and patient 2 exhibited 3.90-fold and 3.10-fold decreased susceptibility to ADV, respectively, compared to the wild-type virus; by contrast, rtN236T mutants from the patients had 4.50-fold and 4.75-fold decreased susceptibility, respectively. Both mutants had a relatively lower viral replication capacity compared to wild-type virus in the absence of antivirals and remained susceptible to lamivudine, entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. In clinical practice, switching to entecavir rescue therapy suppressed HBV DNA to an undetectable level and normalized alanine aminotransferase level for both patients. Conclusions rtN236V was a novel infrequently occurring ADV-resistance-associated mutation. It conferred a moderate resistance to ADV with relatively lower natural replication capacity.
Les jeux vidéo multijoueurs, une opportunité en thérapie familiale
Authors: Berben Frédéric 
Published: April 2014

L’auteur présente les résultats d’une recherche menée sur les jeux vidéo multijoueurs et découvre une typologie des Guildes de joueurs utilisable en thérapie. Après avoir rappelé les limites et risques d’un usage excessif, il montre les bénéfices de l’usage des MMORPG comme soutien au développement psychosocial de la personnalité. Il définit des outils thérapeutiques nouveaux : le PASS et les rituels de connexion.
SARM Regulates CCL5 Production in Macrophages by Promoting the Recruitment of Transcription Factors and RNA Polymerase II to the Ccl5 Promoter
Authors: Gürtler Claudia , Carty Michael , Kearney Jay , Schattgen Stefan A. , Ding Aihao , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Bowie Andrew G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The four Toll/IL-1R domain–containing adaptor proteins MyD88, MAL, TRIF, and TRAM are well established as essential mediators of TLR signaling and gene induction following microbial detection. In contrast, the function of the fifth, most evolutionarily conserved Toll/IL-1R adaptor, sterile α and HEAT/Armadillo motif-containing protein (SARM), has remained more elusive. Recent studies of Sarm−/− mice have highlighted a role for SARM in stress-induced neuronal cell death and immune responses in the CNS. However, whether SARM has a role in immune responses in peripheral myeloid immune cells is less clear. Thus, we characterized TLR-induced cytokine responses in SARM-deficient murine macrophages and discovered a requirement for SARM in CCL5 production, whereas gene induction of TNF, IL-1β, CCL2, and CXCL10 were SARM-independent. SARM was not required for TLR-induced activation of MAPKs or of transcription factors implicated in CCL5 induction, namely NF-κB and IFN regulatory factors, nor for Ccl5 mRNA stability or splicing. However, SARM was critical for the recruitment of transcription factors and of RNA polymerase II to the Ccl5 promoter. Strikingly, the requirement of SARM for CCL5 induction was not restricted to TLR pathways, as it was also apparent in cytosolic RNA and DNA responses. Thus, this study identifies a new role for SARM in CCL5 expression in macrophages.
CD8+ T Cells Define an Unexpected Role in Live-Attenuated Vaccine Protective Immunity against Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Macaques
Authors: Olivares-Zavaleta Norma , Whitmire William M. , Kari Laszlo , Sturdevant Gail L. , Caldwell Harlan D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Trachoma, caused by the obligate intracellular organism Chlamydia trachomatis, is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness for which a vaccine is needed. We have previously shown that a plasmid-deficient live-attenuated trachoma vaccine delivered ocularly to macaques elicited either solid or partial protective immunity against a virulent ocular challenge. Solidly protected macaques shared the same MHC class II alleles implicating CD4+ T cells in superior protective immunity. Understandably, we sought to define T cell immune correlates in these animals to potentially improve vaccine efficacy. In this study, following a 2-y resting period, these macaques were boosted i.m. with the live-attenuated trachoma vaccine and their peripheral T cell anamnestic responses studied. Both solidly and partially protected macaques exhibited a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell anamnestic response following booster immunization. CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells from solidly protected macaques proliferated against soluble chlamydial Ag. We observed a more rapid T cell inflammatory cytokine response in tears of solidly protected animals following ocular rechallenge. Most notably, depletion of CD8+ T cells in solidly protected macaques completely abrogated protective immunity. Collectively, our findings support the conclusion that CD8+ T cells play an important but unexpected role in live-attenuated trachoma vaccine-mediated protective immunity.
Perseverance and effectiveness of action: the effect of the fit between individual differences in willpower and the situational context
Authors: Kadzikowska-Wrzosek Romana 
Published: April 2014

<b>Background </b><br />
Invoking the fit theory between a person and the environ­ment, the author of which is Lawrence A. Pervin, an attempt to explain the influence exerted by willpower differences and the situational context on perseverance and action effectiveness is made. <br />
<br />
<b>Participants and procedure </b><br />
Two studies were conducted to test the effect of the situ­ational context and willpower differences on perseverance and action effectiveness. The first study involved <br />
120 partici­pants (88 females and 32 males) between 17 and 19 years of age (M = 18.28; SD = 0.56). The researched group in the se­cond study included 230 participants (160 females and 70 males) between 20 and 53 years of age (M = 25.19; SD = 5.04). In the first study perseverance and action effectiveness were assessed on the basis of the performance level and the amount of time spent on the computer task. In the study 2 to evaluate the effectiveness used subjective progress assessment in achieving individual goals. In both of these studies, evoked a sense of autonomy vs. induced a sense of external control and the measurement of will-power differences was conducted on the basis of Kuhl’s ACS-90 questionnaire.<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
The results of study 1 confirm that perseverance and action effectiveness in the case of people with low will­power level (state-oriented) is greater in conditions creating a sense of pressure/external control. In the case of people with high willpower (action-oriented), the method of influencing by the situational context is not of major significance to their perseverance and effectiveness. The results of study 2 show that intention implementation in conditions creating a sense of external control increases progress assessment in achieving goals declared by the state-oriented. However, no positive influence of in­tention implementation on the assessments of progress made by action-oriented individuals was confirmed. <br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
The cumulative results of the two presented studies confirm that the perseverance and action effectiveness of people with low willpower (state-oriented) are determined by the specific kind of fit between personal predispositions and <br />
the situational context. In turn, people with high willpower (action-oriented) act, to a larger extent, on the basis of internal regulatory mechanisms, somehow regardless of the way in which the situational context exerts an influence on them.
Four statuses of adulthood: adult roles, psychosocial maturity and identity formation in emerging adulthood
Authors: Piotrowski Konrad , Brzezińska Anna Izabela , Pietrzak Joanna 
Published: April 2014

<b>Background</b><br /> The main aim of the study was to identify differences pertaining to sense of adulthood, exploration, and commitment dimensions between groups of subjects differing in respect of the number of fulfilled adulthood roles and the level of psychosocial maturity. <br /> <br /> <b>Participants and procedure</b><br /> Participants were 358 individuals aged 18 to 30. Four groups of individuals with different adulthood statuses were designated: (1) immature non-adults (low psychosocial maturity, a small number of adult roles), (2) immature adults (low psychosocial maturity, a large number of adult roles), (3) mature non-adults (high psychosocial maturity, a small number of adult roles), (4) mature adults (high psychosocial maturity, a large number of adult roles). <br /> <br /> <b>Results</b><br /> In the two groups characterized by a high level of psychosocial maturity, sense of adulthood proved to be higher than in the other two groups. Immature adults manifested more visible signs of identity crisis than mature adults, and the pattern of the results in the former group was similar to that observed in the group of immature non-adults and mature non-adults.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions</b><br /> The studies offer an insight into the relationship between identity of individuals entering adulthood, and social and personal determinants of its formation. The simultaneous analysis of selected psychological and contextual conditionings of identity formation enabled us to obtain valuable results that allow us to formulate the conclusion that both of the spheres mentioned above are important for identity development, and that the most favorable option for identity formation in different areas of young adults’ functioning is the joint development of both psychosocial maturity and adult roles.
Fertility, pregnancy planning, and pharmacotherapy during the pregnancy, postpartum and breastfeeding period in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthropathies
Authors: Olesińska Marzena , Ostanek Lidia , Majdan Maria , Kosowicz Mariola , Teliga-Czajkowska Justyna , Wiland Piotr 
Published: April 2014

Szczyt zachorowań w przypadku większości zapalnych chorób stawów (ZChS) przypada na 2.–4. dekadę życia, a więc dotyczy osób w wieku reprodukcyjnym. Wyniki badań populacyjnych wskazują, że choroby te mogą wywierać wpływ zarówno na płodność pacjentów, planowanie rodziny, przebieg ciąży, jak i dalszy rozwój dziecka. Wykazano także, że kobiety chore na ZChS w porównaniu ze zdrowymi kobietami rzadziej i później decydują się na pierwsze i następne dziecko, a odstęp między kolejnymi ciążami jest dłuższy. Celem farmakoterapii u kobiety z ZChS, która planuje ciążę, jest skuteczne zahamowanie aktywności zapalnej oraz utrzymanie remisji lub małej aktywności choroby w czasie ciąży i po jej zakończeniu. Odpowiednie do stosowania w okresie prekoncepcji i ciąży są następujące leki modyfikujące przebieg choroby: chlorochina, hydroksychlorochina, sulfasalazyna, azatiopryna, cyklosporyna A, glikokortykosteroidy oraz niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne. Spośród syntetycznych leków modyfikujących przebieg choroby nie należy stosować: metotreksatu, leflunomidu, cyklofosfamidu oraz mykofenolanu mofetylu, a z leków biologicznych: abataceptu, tocilizumabu i rytuksymabu.
Selected principles of proper education of women with rheumatic diseases in respect of pregnancy planning
Authors: Kosowicz Mariola , Ostanek Lidia , Majdan Maria , Olesińska Marzena , Teliga-Czajkowska Justyna , Wiland Piotr 
Published: April 2014

Jednym z ważniejszych problemów wynikających ze specyfiki choroby przewlekłej, jej leczenia i związanych z nią działań niepożądanych jest trwała lub ograniczona zdolność do inicjowania i realizowania potrzeb właściwych dla danej fazy rozwojowej osoby chorej. Dla kobiet w wieku rozrodczym jest to m.in. planowanie rodziny i posiadanie dzieci. Problem ciąży u kobiet z rozpoznaniem choroby reumatycznej jest związany nie tylko z uwarunkowaniami natury fizycznej, lecz także psychologicznej. Duża część kobiet cierpiących na choroby reumatyczne nie podejmuje prób zajścia w ciążę. Powodem jest m.in. brak wiedzy na temat możliwości realizacji planów związanych z macierzyństwem oraz wpływ społecznych stereotypów dotyczących ograniczeń wynikających z niepełnosprawności. Dlatego ważnym elementem oddziaływania na postawę pacjentek jest rzetelna edukacja, która dostarcza wsparcia informacyjnego i instrumentalnego polegającego na praktycznym instruktażu dotyczącym konkretnych sposobów postępowania w danej sytuacji.
Methods of evaluation of the quality of life in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Jankowska-Polańska Beata , Polański Jacek 
Published: April 2014

Przez chorego pojęcie zdrowia jest utożsamiane ze stanem czynnościowym i jakością życia w chorobie. Uzyskiwane wyniki wskazują, że ocena dokonana przez pacjenta często różni się od oceny lekarza. W reumatologii celem terapii jest osiągnięcie remisji lub niskiej aktywności choroby, lecz nie zawsze jest to możliwe. Ocena własnego zdrowia pozwala na aktywne włączenie chorego w realizację procesów terapeutycznych i jest praktycznym czynnikiem, który może się przyczynić do podniesienia jakości opieki sprawowanej nad chorym. Uzyskane wyniki mogą służyć jako wskazówki do planowania profesjonalnej opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentami. Jednoczesna ocena zdrowia i jakości życia możliwa jest do przeprowadzenia wyłącznie przy wykorzystaniu standaryzowanych narzędzi badawczych.
Law, Urban Violence and Order: Cop Shows as a Brazilian TV Genre
Authors: Lusvarghi Luiza 
Published: April 2014

A new type of Brazilian drama series has taken place on local TV - the cop shows. Although they are not popular as the telenovela (soap operas), definitively they came to stay. International channels like Fox and HBO are benefited by Tax Benefits Rule which provides financial conditions for the production of those home market, and are now competing with the two greatest media Brazilian groups – Record and Globo. The worldwide success of “Cidade de Deus” (City of God, 2002, Fernando Meirelles), released abroad like a gangster movie, and “Tropa de Elite” (Elite Squad, 2005, Jose Padilha), Berlin Golden Bear Award 2008, which sequel “Elit Squad: The Enemy Within” (2010) became the biggest box office record of Brazilian Cinema, could be partially contributed to motivate that new kind of production, which mix up social exclusion, urban violence with the very known old formulas of American serials, as the franchise “Law and Order” and its various spin-offs.