bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovule and seed structure in <i>Scolopia zeyheri</i> (Scolopieae), with notes on the embryology of Salicaceae
Authors: Steyn E. M. A. , Van Wyk A. E. , Smith G. F. 
Published: July 2015

Scolopia zeyheri (Nees) Harv. is a widespread African tree and a member of the largest genus of the tropical Old World tribe Scolopieae (Salicaceae sensu lato). This light microscopic study is the first report on ovule and seed structure in the genus and the tribe. Ovules vary from four to six per ovary, are anatropous. crassinucellate. bitegmic and occur in an epitropous (rarely pleurotropous). median-parietal position in the unilocular, usually bicarpellate ovary. A very extensive nucellus cap. comprising nucellus epidermal derivatives and parietal tissue, characterizes the young ovule during mega- sporogenesis and megagametogenesis, but the chalazal nucellus is poorly developed. During meiosis. the micropvlar dyad cell degenerates early. The functional dyad cell forms two megaspores of which the chalazal one usually develops into a Polygonum-type embryo sac. At maturity, the micropylar end of the embryo sac is covered by the remnants of the nucellus epidermis, the parietal tissue having degenerated. The globular embryo has a short suspensor and lies in nuclear endosperm becoming cellular. The seed coat develops from both integuments, is tannimferous. has a glabrous surface with stomata and a single layer of exotegmic, longitudinal fibres.Results are compared with relevant information previously reported for genera in the tribes Flacourtieae. Samvdeae. Saliceae, Scyphostegiae and for Oncoha Forssk. (Salicaceae sensu lato). Embryologically Scolopia shows a number of ple- siomorphic features compared to other Salicaceae. For example, it lacks an extranucellar embryo sac. an apomorphic fea­ture in many Salicaceae. A summary of ovule and seed characters in Salicaceae sensu lato is given and contrasted with data available for Achariaceae sensu lato. Embryological data broadly supports the reclassification of genera, traditionally referred to Flacourtiaceae. amongst Salicaceae sensu lato and Achariaceae sensu lato.
Two new species of <i>Commiphora</i> (Burseraceae) from southern Africa
Authors: Swanepoel W. 
Published: July 2015

Commiphora steynii Swanepoel and C. gariepensis Swanepoel, here described as new species, are known only from the Kaokoveld and Gariep Centres of Endemism respectively. Illustrations of the plants and distribution maps are provided. Diagnostic characters of C. steynii include the pale ashy grey, non-peeling bark and the lack of wart-like projections around the large lenticels. Diagnostic characters of C. gariepensis include the stamen number which varies between four and eight, and the milky-watery latex which does not squirt when branches are damaged. When without leaves or fruit, C. gariepensis can easily be confused with several other species. Comprehensive tables with diagnostic morphological features to distinguish between the new species and closely related taxa are presented.
The concept of ’<i>Musa-pelo</i> and the medicinal use of shrubby legumes (Fabaceae) in Lesotho
Authors: Moteetee A. , Van Wyk B-E. 
Published: July 2015

In the Kingdom of Lesotho, 20 plant species are commonly known as 'Musa-pelo. The term literally means ‘the one who brings back or tums around the heart’. 'Musa-pelo is traditionally used as a sedative and is given as a first aid treatment to bereaved people who are under severe psychological duress or stress. Of the 20 species known as 'Musa-pelo, 17 belong to nine genera of the Fabaceae (Argyrolobium, Crotalaria, Indigofera, Lessertia, Lotononis, Melolobium, Sutherlandia, Tephrosia and Trifolium). The three remaining species namely Cleome monophylla, Heliophila carnosa and Cysticapnos pruinosa, belong to the families Capparaceae, Brassicaceae and Fumariaceae, respectively. In this paper, the concept of 'Musa-pelo in traditional medicine is explored.
A revision of <i>Ornithogalum</i> subgenus <i>Aspasia</i> section <i>Aspasia</i>, the chincherinchees (Hyacinthaceae)
Authors: Manning J. C. , Martínez-Azorín M. , Crespo M. B. 
Published: July 2015

The species of Ornithogalum L. subgenus Aspasia section Aspasia are revised. Section Aspasia is defined by a rosette of lanceolate to oblong leaves; large, boat-shaped, ± petaloid bracts; moderately-sized white, yellow or orange flowers, sometimes with dark central markings; thin-textured, ellipsoid capsules that are enclosed by and concealed within the persistent, papery perianth; and angular, colliculate to echinulate seeds. Twelve species are recognized in the section, separable into three series based on seed morphology. O. conicum is redefined to exclude specimens from the Eastern Cape, which are recognized as O. synanthifolium, and O. conicum subsp. strictum is raised to species status as O. strictum. The circumscription of O. duhium is expanded to include O.fimbrimarginatum and O. subcoriaceum, previously distinguished on account of their longer styles.Collections from the Roggeveld Escarpment and Klein Roggeveld that were previously included in O. fimbrimaiginatum are recognized as the new species O. corticatum Mart.-Azarin, on the basis of their unusual, thick, cartilaginous outer tunics and puberulous adaxial leaf surface. O. ceresianum is removed from the synonomy of O. thyrsoides and recognized as a distinct species on account of its extensive glossy black tepal markings, winged inner filaments, and glossy black ovary. The poorly known O. puberuhim is more ftilly described based on several recent collections, and O. leeupoortense is neotypified in the absence of any original type material. O. rupestre and O. multifolium are regarded as colour forms of the same species, for which O. rupestre is the older name. Similarly, O. roussouwii is a depauperate, pale form of O. maculatum and is thus included in the synonomy of that species. The circumscription of O. pruinosum remains unchanged. The species O. haurii, O. diphyllum and O. sephtonii from the Drakensberg Mountains of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal are excluded from section Aspasia on the basis of their turbinate capsules that are exposed by the reflexed tepals. Each species is fully described, with accompanying discussion of variation and relationships, a distribution map, and an illustration.
The genus <i>Solanum</i> (Solanaceae) in southern Africa: subgenus <i>Leptostemonum</i>, section <i>Giganteiformia</i>
Authors: Welman W. G. 
Published: July 2015

In the genus Solanum L. (Solanaceae), subgenus Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter, section Giganteiformia (Bitter) Child has four representatives in the Flora of southern Africa region (South Africa, Namibia. Botswana. Swaziland. Lesotho), namely S. giganteum Jacq.. S. goetzei Dammer, S. tettense Klotzsch var. renschii (Vatke) A.E.Gonsalves and S. tettense Klotsch var.tettense. Descriptions, discussions, distribution maps and keys are presented, as well as an illustration of S. goetzei.
The genus <i>Wellstedia</i> (Boraginaceae: Wellstedioideae) in southern Africa
Authors: Retief E. , Van Wyk A. E. 
Published: July 2015

This regional taxonomic revision of the genus Wellstedia Balf.f., a member of the family Boraginaceae s.I. (including Hydrophyllaceae s.str.), is part of a series of publications on the Boraginaceae in southern Africa. Wellstedia comprises six species, five in Socotra, Somalia and Ethiopia with the remaining one. W. dinteri Pilg.. occurring in southern Africa. W dinteri Pilg. subsp. dinteri occurs in Namibia and the Northern Cape, whereas the newly instated subspecies W. dinteri subsp. gracilior (D.R.Hunt) Retief A.E.van Wyk, based on W. dinteri Pilg. var. gracilior D.R.Hunt, is confined to Namibia only. The disjunct distribution of Wellstedia and numerous other plant and animal taxa between the arid regions of northeastern Africa and southern Africa is usually explained by the postulated periodic existence of an arid corridor between the two regions during the arid phases of the Pleistocene and even earlier. Wellstedia is treated here in Wellstedioideae, a subfamily of Boraginaceae s.I. but is sometimes placed in a family of its own, Wellstediaceae Pilger. Morphologically Wellstedia displays strong similarity to genera of the Ehretioideae and also to certain members of the Hydrophyllaceae. The genus is characterized by a perennial, dwarf shrub habit, densely hairy leaves. 4-merous flowers, a terminal, bifid style and a 1- or 2-seeded capsule. A key to the two subspecies, diagnostic characters, a distribution map and illustrations of various macro- and micromorphological features are provided.
The Genus Asparagus in Southern Africa*
Authors: Jessop J. P. 
Published: July 2015

A revision of the genus Asparagus in South Africa, South West Africa, Bechuanaland, Basutoland, and Swaziland has been undertaken. Notes are given on the value of most o f the characters which have been used in the separation of species, recent literature on the nature of Asparagus assimilatory organs, and a technique for the examination of chromosomes. Chromosome counts are listed for ten taxa. There is a key to the forty species and four varieties. In the main part of the work these taxa are described, and their synonymy, taxonomy, distribution and habitats dealt with. Six species and one variety are new. The following are the new species and combinations: A. setaceus (Kunth) (Asparagopsis setacea Kunth), A. mueronatus, A. macowanii Bak. var. zuluensis (N. E. Br.) (A. zuluensis N. E. Br.), A. rigidus, A. densiflorus (Kunth) {Asparagopsis densiflora Kunth), A. aethiopicus L. var. angusticladus, A. falcatus L. var. ternifolius (Bak.) (A. aethiopicus L. var. ternifolius Bak.), A. aspergillus, A. obermeyerae, A. krebsianus (Kunth) (Asparagopsis krebsiana Kunth), A. acocksii. A. crassicladus. Several plants o f horticultural importance occur in South Africa. The three best known are A. plumosus, which is reduced here to synonymy under A. setaceus (Kunth) Jessop, and A. sprengeri and A. myersii. A. sprengeri is being reduced to synonymy under A. densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop,. A. myersii, which is a nomen nudum, is also regarded as belonging to A. densiflorus.
The Identity of a Pea Blight Fungus in South Africa *
Authors: Van Warmelo K. T. 
Published: July 2015

The perfect stage of Ascochyta pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Jones, a cause of pea blight in Natal, was compared with type material of Sphaeria pinodes Berk, and Blox., Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Stone, and Didymella pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Petrak and the development o f its ascocarps studied. Two types of ascocarp were found on the material of Didymella pinodes, one perithecial and the other ascolocular in structure. The ascocarp of the South African fungus was typically ascolocular in development and construction and similar to that of other species of Mycosphaerella. These ascocarps were identical to those of Sphaeria pinodes and Mycosphaerella pinodes and the ascolocular ascocarps of the DidymeUa pinodes material. In development and morphology this fungus agrees more closely with the original generic concepts of the genus Mycosphaerella Joh. than with Didymella Sacc. and should thus be named Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. Blox.) Stone.
A Revision of the African Species of Epilobium
Authors: Raven Peter H 
Published: July 2015

There are in Africa 10 native species of Epilobium, one of Circaea, and between 8 and 12 of Ludwigia (including Jussiaea), depending upon how many species are considered native. These three genera include all native African species of Onagraceae. Four sections of Ludwigia, cornprising a total of five species, and one fairly distinctive group of Epilobium are the most characteristic African groups. Despite the fact that H. Perrier de la Bathie (in Humb., FI. Madagasc., Oenotheracs : 1-26, 1950) considered all three of the species of Epilobium that he recognized and four of the 11 species of Ludwigia (including Jussiaea) to be endemic to Madagascar, there are in my opinion no Mascarene endemics in the family Onagraceae and nothing to suggest any great antiquity for the family on that island. This observation agrees with the general pattern for the family in Africa in suggesting that plants of this family are relatively recent arrivals on that continent. Indeed this generality could be extended to apply to the Old World as a whole, where there is no endemic genus of the family (as opposed to 16 endemic genera and 2 endemic tribes—Lopezieae and Onagreae—in the New World, principally in Mexico and the western United States) and relatively few endemic sections or subgenera. The ten African species and one subspecies of Epilobium recognized are described, and a key provided.
Numerical Path Integral Approach to Quantum Dynamics and Stationary Quantum States
Authors: Ruokosenmäki Ilkka , Rantala Tapio T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractApplicability of Feynman path integral approach to numerical simulations of quantum dynamics of an electron in real time domain is examined. Coherent quantum dynamics is demonstrated with one dimensional test cases (quantum dot models) and performance of the Trotter kernel as compared with the exact kernels is tested. Also, a novel approach for finding the ground state and other stationary sates is presented. This is based on the incoherent propagation in real time. For both approaches the Monte Carlo grid and sampling are tested and compared with regular grids and sampling. We asses the numerical prerequisites for all of the above.
Evaluating Residents' Readiness to Elicit Advance Care Plans
Authors: Levy Deborah , Strand Jacob , McMahon Graham T. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Trainees are responsible for conducting advance care discussions but are often stressed by this role.

Objective
We developed an instrument to determine whether residents could identify a clinical scenario that necessitated an examination of a patient's goals and preferences as they pertain to clinical care, and subsequently measured their readiness to engage in such discussions.

Methods
Participants responded verbally to open-ended case presentations and completed survey items. We scored responses according to proximity to idealized answers.

Results
The sample consisted of 44 internal medicine residents, 12 students, 5 hospitalists, and 3 palliative care attendings, all of whom volunteered for the study and participated in standard interviews. Residents had widely varying scores (range 0–12, maximum score of 15) on the scored open response items. For eliciting values, mean score increased with training, and students, trainees, and attending physicians had mean scores of 3.7, 5.7, and 8.7, respectively (P = .01). For recommending care, mean scores were 3.0, 6.5, and 9.3, respectively (P &lt; .001). Scores were correlated closely with increasing clinical experience and inversely with self-reported stress when conducting a goals-of-care discussion. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 reliability for the instrument was 0.52. Interrater reliability for sections about eliciting and recommending care were 0.64 (P &lt; .001) and 0.50 (P &lt; .001), respectively. The 1-week test-retest reliability was 0.91 for open response items and 0.76 for Likert responses.

Conclusions
A verbally administered instrument can readily and rapidly characterize a trainee's readiness to participate in advance care planning with patients.
Estratégias do capital na produção do espaço urbano: o processo de verticalização e as desigualdades socioespaciais em São Luís, Maranhão Strategies of capital in the production of urban space (...)
Authors: Santos Luiz Eduardo Neves dos 
Published: July 2015

A compreensão das formas de produção do espaço urbano no município de São Luís, com ênfase no processo de urbanização, verticalização e desigualdades socioespaciais constitui o objetivo primacial deste artigo. De início, apresenta-se uma discussão sobre as contradições do espaço urbano e também sobre as categorias teóricas “verticalização” e “desigualdades socioespaciais”, para logo após se fazer uma breve abordagem sobre a produção do espaço urbano de São Luís. Por fim, o artigo faz uma abordagem analítica sobre as transformações decorrentes da produção do espaço urbano de São Luís pelas estratégias do capital a partir da interpretação crítica dos dados dos Censos de 2000 e 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE, de dados relativos aos investimentos estatais na área da habitação e da sua legislação urbanística. A inserção dos empreendimentos verticais na cidade pela produção do espaço urbano e a consequente expansão da propriedade privada, aparecem como elementos de uma contradição fundamental, que separa grupos sociais dominantes de grupos sociais dominados em uma cidade visivelmente fragmentada e desigual.Palavras-Chave: Espaço urbano; Verticalização; Desigualdades socioespaciais; Capital; São Luís. AbstractThe Understanding the forms of production of urban space in São Luís, with emphasis on urbanization, socio-spatial inequalities and verticalization process is the substantial purpose of this article. At first, we present a discussion of the contradictions of urban space and also on the theoretical categories "vertical" and "socio-spatial inequalities", soon after making a brief overview on the production of urban space of São Luís. Finally, the article makes an analytical approach to changes resulting from the production of urban space of São Luís by the strategies of capital from the critical interpretation of the data of Census 2000 and 2010 the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE, data on state investments in housing and its planning legislation. The vertical integration of enterprises in the city for the production of urban space and the consequent expansion of private property, appear as elements of a fundamental contradiction which separates dominant social groups social groups dominated in a visibly fragmented and uneven city. Keywords: Urban space; Verticalization; Socio-spatial inequalities; Capital; São Luís.
Análise integrada da paisagem e formas de uso do solo no litoral de Galinhos/RN: subsídios à gestão integrada da zona costeira/Integrated landscape analysis and land use forms (...)
Authors: Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça , Maria Girleany Kelly Macêdo de , Ferreira Anderson De Souza 
Published: July 2015

Com vistas a fornecer subsídios à Gestão Integrada da Zona Costeira – GIZC do litoral de Galinhos/RN realizamos neste trabalho uma compartimentação geoambiental e um mapeamento das formas de uso e ocupação do solo. A metodologia empregada foi a análise integrada da paisagem. Na análise das unidades geoambientais atentamos para sua sustentabilidade, vulnerabilidade e estabilidade. A unidade mais indicada à ocupação humana é justamente a menos ocupada – os Tabuleiros Costeiros, que tem apenas algumas propriedades rurais. Foram encontradas várias formas de uso e ocupação inadequadas à seus ambientes. Ao final das análises foram feitas recomendações para subsidiar a GIZC da área.Palavras-chave: Geografia Costeira, Geossistema, Costa Semiárida Brasileira. AbstractAiming to provide subsidies to Integrated Coastal Zone Management – ICZM at Galinhos/RN Coastal Zone in this work we perform a geoenvironmental partitioning and mapped forms of land use and occupation. The methodology was the integrated analysis of the landscape.In the analysis of geoenvironmental units attend to their sustainability, vulnerability and stability. The unit most suitable for human occupation is precisely the least busy - the Coastal Tablelands has only a few farms. We found many different ways to use and occupation unsuitable for their environments. At the end of the analysis recommendations were made to support the ICZM area. Keywords: Coastal Geography, Geosystem, Brazilian Semiarid Coast.
Les formes élémentaires, ou la naissance d’une socio-anthropologie symbolique
Authors: Vibert Stéphane 
Published: July 2015

Si les thèses développées dans les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse ont subi bon nombre de critiques depuis sa parution, tant au niveau de la validité des faits relevés que de l’interprétation du totémisme, et si la théorie « sociologique » de l’essence de la religion continue évidemment de faire débat, il n’en reste pas moins que la question la plus centrale de l’ouvrage – et la plus actuelle puisqu’elle oriente la compréhension même du rôle et de la nature des sciences sociales – s’avère d’ordre ontologique : l’intelligence de la société comme réalité tant idéelle que matérielle, individuelle que collective, bref comme réalité symbolique. À partir notamment des lectures stimulantes de Karsenti et Tarot, le symbolisme sera présenté comme logique spécifique des représentations collectives, comme processus par lequel un groupe humain, tout en s’ordonnant autour d’un ensemble structuré d’idées-valeurs, ne se conçoit comme totalité concrète que par la circulation de formes sensibles maintenant les acteurs en interdépendance relationnelle.
Reliability and Validity of the Footprint Assessment Method Using Photoshop CS5 Software
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vilahú Lourdes , Massó-Ortigosa Núria , Costa-Tutusaus Lluís , Guerra-Balic Myriam 
Published: July 2015

Background
Several sophisticated methods of footprint analysis currently exist. However, it is sometimes useful to apply standard measurement methods of recognized evidence with an easy and quick application. We sought to assess the reliability and validity of a new method of footprint assessment in a healthy population using Photoshop CS5 software (Adobe Systems Inc, San Jose, California).

Methods
Forty-two footprints, corresponding to 21 healthy individuals (11 men with a mean ± SD age of 20.45 ± 2.16 years and 10 women with a mean ± SD age of 20.00 ± 1.70 years) were analyzed. Footprints were recorded in static bipedal standing position using optical podography and digital photography. Three trials for each participant were performed. The Hernández-Corvo, Chippaux-Smirak, and Staheli indices and the Clarke angle were calculated by manual method and by computerized method using Photoshop CS5 software. Test-retest was used to determine reliability. Validity was obtained by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The reliability test for all of the indices showed high values (ICC, 0.98–0.99). Moreover, the validity test clearly showed no difference between techniques (ICC, 0.99–1).

Conclusions
The reliability and validity of a method to measure, assess, and record the podometric indices using Photoshop CS5 software has been demonstrated. This provides a quick and accurate tool useful for the digital recording of morphostatic foot study parameters and their control.
Frequency of occurrence of rain from liquid‐, mixed‐, and ice‐phase clouds derived from A‐Train satellite retrievals
Authors: Mülmenstädt Johannes , Sourdeval O. , Delanoë J. , Quaas J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA climatology of thermodynamic phase of precipitating cloud is presented derived from global—land and ocean—, retrievals from Cloudsat, CALIPSO, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Like precipitation rate, precipitation frequency is dominated by warm rain, defined as rain produced via the liquid phase only, over the tropical oceans outside the Intertropical Convergence Zone and by cold rain, produced via the ice phase, over the midlatitude oceans and continents. Warm rain is very infrequent over the continents, with significant warm rain found only in onshore flow in the tropics, and over India, China, and Indochina. Comparison of the properties of precipitating and nonprecipitating warm clouds shows that the scarcity of warm rain over land can be explained by smaller effective radii in continental clouds that delay the onset of precipitation. The results highlight the importance of ice‐phase processes for the global hydrological cycle and may lead to an improved parameterization of precipitation in general circulation models.