bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of First Pass Success When Performing Orotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department
Authors: Sakles John C. , Chiu Stephen , Mosier Jarrod , Walker Corrine , Stolz Uwe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this study was to determine the association of first pass success with the incidence of adverse events (AEs) during emergency department (ED) intubations.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected continuous quality improvement data based on orotracheal intubations performed in an academic ED over a 4‐year period. Following each intubation, the operator completed a data form regarding multiple aspects of the intubation, including patient and operator characteristics, method of intubation, device used, the number of attempts required, and AEs. Numerous AEs were tracked and included events such as witnessed aspiration, oxygen desaturation, esophageal intubation, hypotension, dysrhythmia, and cardiac arrest. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the primary predictor variable of interest, first pass success, and the outcome variable, the presence of one or more AEs, after controlling for various other potential risk factors and confounders.ResultsOver the 4‐year study period, there were 1,828 orotracheal intubations. If the intubation was successful on the first attempt, the incidence of one or more AEs was 14.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.4% to 16.2%). In cases requiring two attempts, the incidence of one or more AEs was 47.2% (95% CI = 41.8% to 52.7%); in cases requiring three attempts, the incidence of one or more AEs was 63.6% (95% CI = 53.7% to 72.6%); and in cases requiring four or more attempts, the incidence of one or more AEs was 70.6% (95% CI = 56.2.3% to 82.5%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that more than one attempt at tracheal intubation was a significant predictor of one or more AEs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.52, 95% CI = 5.86 to 9.63).ConclusionsWhen performing orotracheal intubation in the ED, first pass success is associated with a relatively small incidence of AEs. As the number of attempts increases, the incidence of AEs increases substantially.
Where the Individual Meets the Ecological: A Study of Parent Drinking Patterns, Alcohol Outlets, and Child Physical Abuse
Authors: Freisthler Bridget , Gruenewald Paul J. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDespite well‐known associations between heavy drinking and child physical abuse, little is known about specific risks related to drinking different amounts of alcohol in different drinking venues. This study uses a context‐specific dose–response model to examine how drinking in various venues (e.g., at bars or parties) is related to physically abusive parenting practices while controlling for individual and psychosocial characteristics.MethodsData were collected via a telephone survey of parents in 50 cities in California, resulting in 2,163 respondents who reported drinking in the past year. Child physical abuse and corporal punishment were measured using the Conflict Tactics Scale, Parent–Child version. Drinking behaviors were measured using continued drinking measures. Data were analyzed using zero‐inflated Poisson models.ResultsDrinking at homes, parties, or bars more frequently was related to greater frequencies of physically abusive parenting practices. The use of greater amounts of alcohol in association with drinking at bars appeared to increase risks of corporal punishment, a dose–response effect. Dose–response relationships were not found for drinking at homes or parties or drinking at bars for physical abuse nor for drinking at home and parties for corporal punishment.ConclusionsFrequencies of using drinking venues, particularly bars and home or parties, are associated with greater use of abusive parenting practices. These findings suggest that a parent's routine drinking activities place children at different risks of being physically abused. They also suggest that interventions that take into account parents’ alcohol use at drinking venues are an important avenue for secondary prevention efforts.
Modulation of brain structure by catechol‐O‐methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism in chronic cannabis users
Authors: Batalla Albert , Soriano‐Mas Carles , López‐Solà Marina , Torrens Marta , Crippa José A. , Bhattacharyya Sagnik , Blanco‐Hinojo Laura , Fagundo Ana B. , Harrison Ben J. , Nogué Santiago , de la Torre Rafael , Farré Magí , Pujol Jesús , Martín‐Santos Rocío 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have shown that chronic consumption of cannabis may result in alterations in brain morphology. Recent work focusing on the relationship between brain structure and the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism suggests that functional COMT variants may affect brain volume in healthy individuals and in schizophrenia patients. We measured the influence of COMT genotype on the volume of four key regions: the prefrontal cortex, neostriatum (caudate‐putamen), anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus‐amygdala complex, in chronic early‐onset cannabis users and healthy control subjects. We selected 29 chronic cannabis users who began using cannabis before 16 years of age and matched them to 28 healthy volunteers in terms of age, educational level and IQ. Participants were male, Caucasians aged between 18 and 30 years. All were assessed by a structured psychiatric interview (PRISM) to exclude any lifetime Axis‐I disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders‐Fourth Edition. COMT genotyping was performed and structural magnetic resonance imaging data was analyzed by voxel‐based morphometry. The results showed that the COMT polymorphism influenced the volume of the bilateral ventral caudate nucleus in both groups, but in an opposite direction: more copies of val allele led to lesser volume in chronic cannabis users and more volume in controls. The opposite pattern was found in left amygdala. There were no effects of COMT genotype on volumes of the whole brain or the other selected regions. Our findings support recent reports of neuroanatomical changes associated with cannabis use and, for the first time, reveal that these changes may be influenced by the COMT genotype.
Which elements of improvement collaboratives are most effective? A cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Gustafson David H. , Quanbeck Andrew R. , Robinson James M. , Ford James H. , Pulvermacher Alice , French Michael T. , McConnell K. John , Batalden Paul B. , Hoffman Kim A. , McCarty Dennis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsImprovement collaboratives consisting of various components are used throughout health care to improve quality, but no study has identified which components work best. This study tested the effectiveness of different components in addiction treatment services, hypothesizing that a combination of all components would be most effective.DesignAn unblinded cluster‐randomized trial assigned clinics to one of four groups: interest circle calls (group teleconferences), clinic‐level coaching, learning sessions (large face‐to‐face meetings) and a combination of all three. Interest circle calls functioned as a minimal intervention comparison group.SettingOut‐patient addiction treatment clinics in the United States.ParticipantsTwo hundred and one clinics in five states.MeasurementsClinic data managers submitted data on three primary outcomes: waiting‐time (mean days between first contact and first treatment), retention (percentage of patients retained from first to fourth treatment session) and annual number of new patients. State and group costs were collected for a cost‐effectiveness analysis.FindingsWaiting‐time declined significantly for three groups: coaching (an average of 4.6 days/clinic, P = 0.001), learning sessions (3.5 days/clinic, P = 0.012) and the combination (4.7 days/clinic, P = 0.001). The coaching and combination groups increased significantly the number of new patients (19.5%, P = 0.028; 8.9%, P = 0.029; respectively). Interest circle calls showed no significant effect on outcomes. None of the groups improved retention significantly. The estimated cost per clinic was $2878 for coaching versus $7930 for the combination. Coaching and the combination of collaborative components were about equally effective in achieving study aims, but coaching was substantially more cost‐effective.ConclusionsWhen trying to improve the effectiveness of addiction treatment services, clinic‐level coaching appears to help improve waiting‐time and number of new patients while other components of improvement collaboratives (interest circles calls and learning sessions) do not seem to add further value.
Quadriplegia in a child following adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Agarwal J. , Tandon M. S. , Singh D. , Ganjoo P. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryNeurological deterioration in a child following routine surgery, although rare, has potentially life threatening consequences. We report the case of a child who, following adentonsillectomy, developed quadriplegia and acute respiratory distress due to previously undetected atlanto‐axial instability. Patients with atlanto‐axial instability often have mild or non‐specific symptoms, despite severe cervical cord compression. Subtle manifestations may be ignored or attributed to other disease processes, which render patients with undiagnosed atlanto‐axial instability at risk of serious neurological injury during general anaesthesia, particularly at the time of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
Review article: description and management of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Czuber‐Dochan W. , Ream E. , Norton C. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundFatigue is a common and leading concern for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is managed inadequately in IBD, and there is little evidence to support interventions.AimTo examine patients’ experience of and factors contributing to IBD‐fatigue, and to appraise its management by patients and healthcare professionals.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched. Subject headings and free‐text searching were used, with no time limit set. Reference lists of retrieved papers were searched manually.ResultsTwenty‐eight papers were reviewed. Researchers used terms including ‘fatigue’, ‘low energy’, ‘tiredness’, ‘decline in vitality and vigour’ and ‘reduced energy and vitality’. Different definitions were used to conceptualise fatigue. None of the reviewed studies asked patients to describe the experience of fatigue in their own words. Numerous physical, psychological and situational factors associated with fatigue were identified. Three small randomised control trials reported a favourable effect of infliximab and adalimumab on fatigue. One intervention study reported benefit from a stress management programme and one from solution‐focused therapy.ConclusionsInconsistent use of terminology, lack of data from patients’ perspective on inflammatory bowel disease‐fatigue and lack of evidence to support its management contribute to fatigue being largely ignored or overlooked by healthcare professionals. Future research should explore the experience of IBD‐fatigue from the individual patient perspective. Further studies are required to fully explore the factors associated with fatigue and to develop patient‐centred interventions to reduce fatigue.
Major depressive disorder and impulsive reactivity to emotion: Toward a dual‐process view of depression
Authors: Carver Charles S. , Johnson Sheri L. , Joormann Jutta 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveDual‐process theories of behaviour have been used to suggest that vulnerability to depression involves elevated reactivity to emotions. This study tests that idea, examining self‐reported reactivity.DesignComparison between persons with at least one lifetime episode of major depressive disorder (lifetime MDD) and those without this diagnosis, controlling for symptoms of alcohol use (a potential externalizing confound) and current symptoms of depression (a potential state‐dependent confound).MethodsUndergraduates (N = 120) completed a clinical interview to diagnose lifetime MDD and a series of self‐reports bearing on diverse aspects of self‐control, including reactivity to emotion. Thirty‐four people were diagnosed with lifetime MDD; 86 did not meet criteria for MDD. The groups were then compared on three factors underlying the scales assessing self‐control.ResultsThe MDD group had higher scores than controls on the two factors that reflect impulsive reactivity to diverse emotions, including emotions that are positive in valence. These effects were not explained by associations with either externalizing symptoms or current depressive symptoms.ConclusionsReflexive reactivity to emotions characterizes depression, in addition to some externalizing problems, and it may deserve study as a potential trans‐diagnostic feature.Practitioner points

Reflexive reactivity to emotions characterizes persons diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

Findings suggest desirability of focusing treatment partly on management of reflexive reactions to emotions.

Limitation: Measures were self‐reports, rather than behavioural responses to emotions.
The Internet in face‐to‐face higher education: Can interactive learning improve academic achievement?
Authors: Castaño‐Muñoz Jonatan , Duart Josep M. , Sancho‐Vinuesa Teresa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent research on e‐learning shows that blended learning is more effective than face‐to‐face learning. However, a clear empirical response has not been given to the cause of such improvement. Using a data set of 9044 students at two Catalan universities and a quasi‐experimental approach, two possible hypotheses identified in previous research are studied. The results show that the principal cause of the improvement is not, in itself, the increase in time spent online for educational purposes. Rather, increasing the time devoted to studying online is only useful when it takes place as some form of interactive learning. The educational implications of these results are discussed.
Scholarship in the digital age: Open educational resources, publication and public engagement
Authors: Scanlon Eileen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of the digital age on the work life of academics and reports research on how and whether technologies are facilitating and adapting the teaching and research practices of academics, offering a description of scholarship for the digital age. A changed landscape is emerging, which offers academics new ways of working in research and new kinds of academic output for them to use in their teaching. Two areas are considered: the conduct of research (in particular the range of activities associated with publication and dissemination of research findings) and the conduct of teaching. The links between these practices are explored in terms of a revised view of scholarship, the perspective of digital scholarship. The paper begins with a review of literature and draws on an interview study to illustrate changes in academic practice, both for teaching and research. The study of 22 academics with expertise in educational technology provides a commentary on the changes, identifying open access as important in both teaching and publication. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future work in this area.
The relationship between university student learning outcomes and participation in social network services, social acceptance and attitude towards school life
Authors: Park Sung Youl , Cha Seung‐Bong , Lim Keol , Jung Seung‐Hwa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEducators try to use social network services (SNSs) in their teaching because they are regarded as beneficial to student learning. However, little research to date has empirically investigated whether the use of an SNS increases university student learning outcomes. A total of 730 university students in the capital area of South Korea participated in the present study. Based on social learning theory, we developed a general structural model that included SNS participation (SP) as an exogenous variable and a range of endogenous variables: cognitive domain learning outcomes, affective domain learning outcomes, social domain learning outcomes, social acceptance (SA) and attitude towards university life (AT). The study results confirmed that the model adequately explained causal relationships between student learning outcomes and SA, AT and SP. SA was identified as a key variable because of its direct effect on learning outcomes. However, SP was considered more important because of its large indirect effects on all learning outcomes through both SA and AT.
Sodium valproate withdrawal correlates with reduced aggression
Authors: Pritchard Duncan , Hoerger Marguerite , Dyer Tim , Graham Nicola , Penney Heather , Charles Mace F. 
Published: January 2013

Accessible Summary

A 16‐year‐old boy diagnosed with a mild learning disability, atypical autism, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder and epilepsy was admitted to a residential special school for treatment of severe aggression.

Prior to admission, he had been prescribed various psychotropic medications, including sodium valproate, to treat his aggressive behaviour, bipolar disorder and epilepsy.

His behaviour improved when his medication was stopped.

SummaryPeople with learning disabilities are sometimes prescribed psychotropic medication to help manage their challenging behaviour. This case study describes how a multicomponent behavioural intervention in conjunction with the systematic withdrawal of sodium valproate was strongly correlated with reduced aggression. No symptoms of bipolar disorder or epilepsy were observed over the course of this 135‐week case study. No aggression was observed during the last 20 weeks of the study. Aggressive behaviour as a possible side effect of sodium valproate should be considered in people with learning disabilities.
A Halifax case study that offers an alternative history of care provided by local authorities under the 1913 Mental Deficiency Act
Authors: Dale Pamela 
Published: January 2013

Accessible summary

The history of care is still largely the history of institutions.

We also need to understand the mix of services that were available.

It is important to explore how different services shaped the experiences of people living with learning disabilities and their families.

SummaryInstitutions, and their problems, have traditionally dominated learning disability histories. We know far more about what happened in areas where councils established and/or enthusiastically used local institutions than other places. Local authorities less committed to institutional care must have relied more on family and other carers. This may have signalled a more positive, even inclusive, approach to caring for people with learning disabilities. The Halifax case study provides some evidence to support this conclusion, but limited provision and reliance on distant facilities also permitted the neglect, and even abuse, of individuals in ways that resonate with recent scandals in the care sector. Note: for accuracy, this study uses the historically correct terminology with sincere apologies for any distress this may inadvertently cause.
FRET and FRAP imaging: Approaches to characterise tau and stathmin interactions with microtubules in cells
Authors: Nouar Roqiya , Devred François , Breuzard Gilles , Peyrot Vincent 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are involved in many crucial processes such as cell morphogenesis, mitosis and motility. These dynamic structures resulting from the complex assembly of tubulin are tightly regulated by stabilising MT‐associated proteins (MAPs) such as tau and destabilising proteins, notably stathmin. Because of their key role, these MAPs and their interactions have been extensively studied using biochemical and biophysical approaches, particularly in vitro. Nevertheless, numerous questions remain unanswered and the mechanisms of interaction between MT and these proteins are still unclear in cells. Techniques coupling cell imaging and fluorescence methods, such as Förster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, are excellent tools to study these interactions in situ. After describing these methods, we will present emblematic data from the literature and unpublished experimental results from our laboratory concerning the interactions between MTs, tau and stathmin in cells.
Tubulin‐targeting agent combination therapies: dosing schedule could matter
Authors: Solary Eric 
Published: January 2013

Tubulin‐binding agents are potent cytotoxic drugs that are largely used to treat haematological malignancies and solid tumours. In this issue of British Journal of Pharmacology, doxorubicin was shown to decrease the activity of vincristine when administered simultaneously, unless cell cycle arrest mechanisms were disrupted. This observation emphasizes the need to better explore schedule‐dependent antagonist effects in anticancer drug combination therapies.Linked ArticleThis article is a commentary on the research paper by Ehrhardt et al., pp. 1558–1569 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12068
Bacterial adhesion on the titanium and zirconia abutment surfaces
Authors: Nascimento Cássio do , Pita Murillo Sucena , Fernandes Flávio Henrique Nogueira Carriço , Pedrazzi Vinícius , de Albuquerque Junior Rubens Ferreira , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveMicroorganisms harboring the oral cavity, mainly those related to periodontal diseases, are the most potential etiologic factor of failure in long‐term implant treatment. The material used for abutment components may influence the adhesion and colonization of microbial species. The aim of this in vivo investigation was to evaluate the biofilm formation on machined (MPT) or cast titanium (CPT) and zirconia abutments (Zc).MethodsSix healthy subjects were enrolled in this randomized crossover clinical investigation. The study was conducted in three phases according to abutment surface evaluated. Each subject used an individual oral splint containing four disks of the same tested substrate, two located in the anterior and two in the posterior region, totalizing 12 specimens for subject. Participants were asked to use the removable intraoral splint during 24 h. DNA checkerboard hybridization method was used to identify and quantify 38 bacterial species colonizing formed biofilm on the abutment substrates.ResultsPathogens and non‐pathogens species were found colonizing the three substrates surfaces. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Neisseria mucosa, Porphyromonas aeruginosa, Peptostreptococcus anaerobios, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Tanerella forsythia were the only species with no significant differences over the tested materials (P > 0.05). All the other target species presented significant differences sought by Friedman test (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere was a significant difference in the total bacterial count between the three groups. CPT presented the higher mean counts, followed by MPT and Zc. CPT group also showed a higher mean incidence of species than MPT and Zc. The anterior or posterior region of disks placement did not show significant differences in relation to bacterial adhesion.