bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of viral photosystem-I psaA genes
Authors: Hevroni Gur , Enav Hagay , Rohwer Forest , Béjà Oded 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Marine photosynthesis is one of the major contributors to the global carbon cycle and the world’s oxygen supply. This process is largely driven by cyanobacteria, namely Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. Genes encoding photosystem-II (PSII) reaction center proteins are found in many cyanophage genomes, and are expressed during the infection of their hosts. On the basis of metagenomics, cyanophage photosystem-I (PSI) gene cassettes were recently discovered with two gene arrangements psaJF→C→A→B→K→E→D and psaD→C→A→B. It was suggested that the horizontal transfer of PSII and PSI genes is increasing phage fitness. To better understand their diversity, we designed degenerate primers to cover a wide diversity of organisms, and using PCR we targeted the psaC→A arrangement, which is unique to cyanophages cassettes. We examined viral concentrates from four islands in the Pacific Ocean and found samples containing the psaC→A arrangement. Analyses of the amplified viral psaA gene revealed six subgroups varying in their level of similarity and %G+C content, suggesting that the diversity of cyanophage PSI genes is greater than originally thought.
Sequential actions of β-catenin and Bmp pattern the oral nerve net in Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Kuhn Anne , Fushiki Manami , Agata Kiyokazu , Özbek Suat , Fujisawa Toshitaka , Holstein Thomas W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAnimal evolution is closely linked to the emergence of the nervous system. At present it is unknown how the basic mechanisms of neural induction and formation of central nervous systems evolved. We addressed this question inNematostella vectensis, a member of cnidarians, the ancient sister group of bilaterians. We found that β-catenin signalling is crucial for the early induction of the embryonic nervous system. β-Catenin activity at the blastopore induces specific neurogenic genes required for development of the oral nervous system. β-Catenin signalling induces also Bmp signalling, which, at later larval stages, becomes indispensible for the maintenance and asymmetric patterning of the oral nervous system along the primary and secondary (directive) axes. We hypothesize that the consecutive and functionally linked involvement of β-catenin and Bmp signalling in the formation of the cnidarian oral nervous system reflects an ancestral mechanism that evolved before the cnidarian/bilaterian split.
Nox and renal disease
Authors: Holterman Chet E. , Read Naomi C. , Kennedy Chris R. J. 
Published: December 2014

Since the first demonstration of Nox enzyme expression in the kidney in the early 1990s and the subsequent identification of Nox4, or RENOX, a decade later, it has become apparent that the Nox family of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating enzymes plays an integral role in the normal physiological function of the kidney. As our knowledge of Nox expression patterns and functions in various structures and specialized cell types within the kidney grows, so does the realization that Nox-derived oxidative stress contributes significantly to a wide variety of renal pathologies through their ability to modify lipids and proteins, damage DNA and activate transcriptional programmes. Diverse studies demonstrate key roles for Nox-derived ROS in kidney fibrosis, particularly in settings of chronic renal disease such as diabetic nephropathy. As the most abundant Nox family member in the kidney, much emphasis has been placed on the role of Nox4 in this setting. However, an ever growing body of work continues to uncover key roles for other Nox family members, not only in diabetic kidney disease, but in a diverse array of renal pathological conditions. The objective of the present review is to highlight the latest novel developments in renal Nox biology with an emphasis not only on diabetic nephropathy but many of the other renal disease contexts where oxidative stress is implicated.
Sound credit scores and financial decisions despite cognitive aging
Authors: Li Ye , Gao Jie , Enkavi A. Zeynep , Zaval Lisa , Weber Elke U. , Johnson Eric J. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
At a time when the world’s 65-and-older population will double by 2035, policy changes have transferred many complex financial and healthcare decisions to individuals. Age-related declines in cognitive ability raise the specter that older adults facing major financial decisions may find them increasingly challenging. We explore whether knowledge and expertise accumulated from past decisions can offset age-related cognitive declines. Using a unique dataset that combines measures of cognitive ability, knowledge, and credit scores—a measure of creditworthiness that reflects sustained ability for sound financial decision-making—we find that cognitive decline does not spell doom. Instead, domain-specific knowledge and expertise provide an alternative route to sound financial decisions. These results suggest guidelines for designing effective interventions and decision aids across the life span.
In vivo albumin labeling and lymphatic imaging
Authors: Wang Yu , Lang Lixin , Huang Peng , Wang Zhe , Jacobson Orit , Kiesewetter Dale O. , Ali Iqbal U. , Teng Gaojun , Niu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The imaging agent we developed in this study can be used for visualization and detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). After local injection, the imaging probe quickly formed a complex with albumin within the interstitial fluid. Thus, the radioactive signal reflects the behavior of endogenous albumin, avoiding the usage of colloids, nanoparticles, or polymers. The SLNs can be visualized by PET scans before surgery and then removed under the guidance of fluorescence signal and blue color deposit during surgery. The excellent imaging quality, easy preparation, multimodality, and biosafety guarantee the clinical translation to map SLNs and provide intraoperative guidance.
γδ T cells affect IL-4 production and B-cell tolerance
Authors: Huang Yafei , Heiser Ryan A. , Detanico Thiago O. , Getahun Andrew , Kirchenbaum Greg A. , Casper Tamara L. , Aydintug M. Kemal , Carding Simon R. , Ikuta Koichi , Huang Hua , Cambier John C. , Wysocki Lawrence J. , O’Brien Rebecca L. , Born Willi K. 
Published: December 2014

SignificanceThis study changes our understanding of the relationship between T cells and B cells. Although it is known that T cells provide help for specific B-cell responses, it is unclear if and to what extent T cells also influence preimmune B-cell functions. We show here that γδ T cells modulate systemic antibody levels in nonimmunized mice, including all major subclasses and especially IgE antibodies. One mouse strain deficient in certain γδ T cells developed various autoantibodies, whereas mice deficient in all γδ T cells had relatively normal antibodies. Based on these and other findings, we conclude that γδ T cells, influenced by their own cross-talk, affect IL-4 production, B-cell activation, and B-cell tolerance.
Osteopetrosis in TAK1-deficient mice owing to defective NF-κB and NOTCH signaling
Authors: Swarnkar Gaurav , Karuppaiah Kannan , Mbalaviele Gabriel , Chen Tim (Hung-Po) , Abu-Amer Yousef 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Skeletal anomalies are major health disparities resulting from dysregulation of bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts (OCs) are the principal bone resorbing and remodeling cells. The function of the OC relies on intricate signaling network dominated by NF-κB and MAP kinases. TGF-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is the proximal activator of these pathways and ultimately is a key target for regulating cellular functions. The role of TAK1 in physiologic and pathologic cellular functions has been widely described. However, the precise mechanism by which TAK1 regulates these functions remains enigmatic. We discovered a novel mechanism by which TAK1 regulates expression of the sensory proteins NUMB/NUMB-like and subsequent activation of Notch–recombinant recognition sequence binding protein at Jκ site (RBPJ) pathway in myeloid cells. We provide genetic evidence that dysregulation of this pathway leads to osteopetrosis.
Engineering an improved light-induced dimer (iLID) for controlling the localization and activity of signaling proteins
Authors: Guntas Gurkan , Hallett Ryan A. , Zimmerman Seth P. , Williams Tishan , Yumerefendi Hayretin , Bear James E. , Kuhlman Brian 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Photoactivatable proteins are powerful tools for studying biological processes. Light-induced dimers are especially useful because they can be turned on and off with high spatial and temporal resolution in living systems, allowing for control of protein localization and activity. Here, we develop and apply methods for identifying mutations that improve the effectiveness of a light-induced dimer. The engineered switch is modular, can be used in most organisms, has more than 50-fold change in binding affinity upon light stimulation, and can be used to initiate signaling pathways in a specific region of a cell.
Controlling cell–cell interactions using surface acoustic waves
Authors: Guo Feng , Li Peng , French Jarrod B. , Mao Zhangming , Zhao Hong , Li Sixing , Nama Nitesh , Fick James R. , Benkovic Stephen J. , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: December 2014

Significance
We present a unique acoustic well approach that can precisely control cell-to-cell distance and cell–cell interactions. Our technology can achieve high precision and high throughput simultaneously while preserving the integrity of cells. It is capable of creating cell assemblies with precise spatial control both in suspension and on a substrate. We envision the exploitation of this powerful technology, for example, in the study of cell–cell interactions in fields, such as immunology, developmental biology, neuroscience, and cancer metastasis, and in the studies of cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion.
CONSRANK: a server for the analysis, comparison and ranking of docking models based on inter-residue contacts
Authors: Chermak Edrisse , Petta Andrea , Serra Luigi , Vangone Anna , Scarano Vittorio , Cavallo Luigi , Oliva Romina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Summary: Herein, we present CONSRANK, a web tool for analyzing, comparing and ranking protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid docking models, based on the conservation of inter-residue contacts and its visualization in 2D and 3D interactive contact maps.
Availability and implementation: CONSRANK is accessible as a public web tool at https://www.molnac.unisa.it/BioTools/consrank/.
Contact: romina.oliva@uniparthenope.it
Mate choice in temperate and tropical spiny lobsters with contrasting reproductive systems
Authors: Butler Mark , Bertelsen Rodney , MacDiarmid Alison 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Sperm limitation of reproductive success is common in decapod crustaceans, favouring mating systems in which females compete for large males of high reproductive value. We investigated these phenomena in two species of spiny lobsters—one temperate, one tropical—with contrasting reproductive systems: the Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) and the Caribbean Spiny Lobster (Panulirus argus). We hypothesized that female mate selection should be more pronounced in the temperate J. edwardsii than in the tropical P. argus because J. edwardsii matures later, has a shorter mating season, and produces just one clutch of eggs per year that benefit from significant maternal investment of resources. As hypothesized, experiments conducted in large mesocosms revealed that female J. edwardsii cohabited with large males more often than expected by chance during their receptive period, but not at other times. Large male J. edwardsii cohabited in dens with the largest unmated females, whereas small males exhibited no mate size preference. In contrast, the proportion of female and male P. argus that co-occupied dens with the opposite sex was no more than expected by chance. Cohabitation patterns in the wild supported these laboratory findings for both species. Our results demonstrate the tight connection between contrasting reproductive strategies and the specificity of mate choice in spiny lobsters that are consistent with predictions based on environmental seasonality in temperate vs. tropical ecosystems.
Corruption, Efficiency Wage and Union Leadership
Authors: Chaudhuri Sarbajit , Dastidar Krishnendu Ghosh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper develops a model of determination of the unionized wage in the presence of both collective bargaining and an efficiency wage. The efficiency of each worker is positively related to both the wage and the unemployment rate in the economy. The unionized wage is greater than the efficiency wage and the firm finds it profitable to keep the unionized wage as close as possible to the efficiency wage. The union leader who is entrusted with the task of determining the unionized wage charges a bribe from the firm to keep the wage close to this level. The corrupt trade union leader and the management of the firm play a two‐stage Nash bargaining game from where the equilibrium unionized wage and the bribe are determined. The analysis leads to some interesting results which are important for anticorruption policy formulation.
The contribution of clinical placement to nutrition and dietetics competency development: A student‐centred approach
Authors: Maher Judith , Pelly Fiona , Swanepoel Elizabeth , Sutakowsky Lydia , Hughes Roger 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to explore the student perception of competency development in nutrition and dietetics and the perceived impact of pre‐placement preparation, the clinical placement learning environment, learning exposures and supervision on this.MethodsA qualitative investigation using semistructured interviews with 26 graduate students who had recently completed their final clinical placement, recruited purposively from three Australian universities was employed. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts and triangular analysis of data was undertaken by the research team, with a mix of descriptive and interpretive analysis.ResultsStudents across all three universities generally described the placement experience as intense, personally challenging and a steep learning curve. Students felt they had adequate theoretical knowledge prior to placement but were less prepared for the practical application of their skills in a clinical setting. The learning environment varied across placement sites, with physical, organisation and social environmental factors all contributing to the students reported pathway to confidence and competence in practice. The style of supervision and supervisory practices varied considerably and emerged as a significant factor impacting on competency development.ConclusionsNutrition and dietetic students appear to have a hierarchy of psychosocial and educational needs that need to be met in the placement environment in order to achieve competency. The present study provides a framework for enhancing the student experience and the effectiveness of clinical placements as a component of dietetic workforce preparation.
Evaluation of revised polymerase chain reaction primers for more inclusive quantification of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and bacteria
Authors: Meinhardt Kelley A. , Bertagnolli Anthony , Pannu Manmeet W. , Strand Stuart E. , Brown Sally L. , Stahl David A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAmmonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) fill key roles in the nitrogen cycle. Thus, well‐vetted methods for characterizing their distribution are essential for framing studies of their significance in natural and managed systems. Quantification of the gene coding for one subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) by polymerase chain reaction is frequently employed to enumerate the two groups. However, variable amplification of sequence variants comprising this conserved genetic marker for ammonia oxidizers potentially compromises within‐ and between‐system comparisons. We compared the performance of newly designed non‐degenerate quantitative polymerase chain reaction primer sets to existing primer sets commonly used to quantify the amoA of AOA and AOB using a collection of plasmids and soil DNA samples. The new AOA primer set provided improved quantification of model mixtures of different amoA sequence variants and increased detection of amoA in DNA recovered from soils. Although both primer sets for the AOB provided similar results for many comparisons, the new primers demonstrated increased detection in environmental application. Thus, the new primer sets should provide a useful complement to primers now commonly used to characterize the environmental distribution of AOA and AOB.
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with a New Xenograft: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Calasans‐Maia Mônica Diuana , Mourão Carlos Fernando de A. B. , Alves Adriana Terezinha Neves Novellino , Sartoretto Suelen Cristina , de Uzeda Marcelo José P. G. , Granjeiro José Mauro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundInsufficient residual alveolar bone height is a common deterrent in the placement of dental implants in the posterior maxilla. The use of autografts, xenografts, allografts and alloplasts or a combination between them has been demonstrated to be effective for increasing bone height and bone volume in the deficient posterior maxilla.PurposeThe aim of this clinical trial is to comparatively determine the density of newly formed in sinus floor augmentation bone after a 24‐week healing period treatment with a new bovine xenograft.Materials and MethodsThe sinus floor was grafted with Bio‐Oss® (n = 10) and Osseous® (n = 10). Histological sections were examined with a focus on the presence of connective tissue (CT) and newly formed bone (NFB). The sections were histomorphometrically evaluated and the definitive crown was inserted after 3 months.ResultsAfter 6 months, the mean value of new bone formation was 24.60 (±2.503), the CT was 42.60 (±4.006) and the remaining biomaterial was 25.40 (±2.547) in Bio‐Oss group. In Osseous group, the mean value of new bone formation was 24.90 (±3.542), the CT was 45.70 (±7.040) and the remaining biomaterial was 22.90 (±3.247).ConclusionsBoth biomaterials afforded a favorable implant position and the prosthetic rehabilitation.
Cardiac function assessed by exercise echocardiography on the first morning after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Dedichen Hans Henrik , Kirkeby‐Garstad Idar , Aadahl Petter , Hisdal Jonny , Amundsen Brage H. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryCardiac surgery patients are urged to resume light physical activity on the first postoperative day, even if cardiac function may not have recovered fully after the operation. To elucidate the postoperative recovery process, we examined cardiac surgery patients with exercise echocardiography before and on the first day after the operation. Patients undergoing on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting were examined with echocardiography during semirecumbent cycle exercise. Patients exercised for five minutes at 10 W intensity and five minutes at 30 W intensity in bed with the upper body supported to approximately 30°. Fourteen patients were studied. Mitral annulus excursion and pulsed wave Doppler from the left ventricular outflow tract indicated postoperatively reduced cardiac stroke volume. Early diastolic tissue velocities of the mitral annulus were reduced, and early trans‐mitral flow velocity was increased. The ratio between early mitral flow velocity and early diastolic mitral tissue velocity was increased postoperatively, indicating impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased left atrial pressure. Postoperative systolic mitral annulus tissue velocities were similar to preoperative velocities, indicating maintained systolic function. Postoperative exercise was associated with improvements in myocardial function indices and cardiac stroke volume similar to preoperative improvements. There were no signs of further deterioration in myocardial function during 30 W exercise. In summary, reduced left ventricular diastolic function after surgery resulted in reduced cardiac stroke volume, increased left atrial pressure and a higher rate of perceived exertion on the first postoperative day.
Extreme hydrological events and the ecological restoration of flowing waters
Authors: Reich P. , Lake P. S. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Extreme hydrological events (floods, droughts) in flowing waters can alter habitat availability and structure and produce significant shifts in biodiversity, species assemblages and ecosystem processes.

Extreme floods and droughts occur over large spatial extents and can greatly alter links between streams and their catchments. The nature and strengths of these links differ between degraded and intact streams and their catchments, strongly influencing the responses to and recovery from extreme events. It is essential that these catchment–stream linkages be identified and considered when planning stream restoration.

Despite the scarcity of comprehensive, long‐term monitoring of most stream restoration projects, our understanding of the influence of extreme events on running waters suggests both positive and negative impacts on restoration efforts. Extreme hydrological events can impair stream restoration efforts giving rise to delays or complete failures in achieving restoration objectives. Alternatively, extreme floods may facilitate progress towards restoration goals by engendering key ecological processes.

Understanding the impacts and the temporal–spatial scales over which extreme events alter the ecological structure and function of streams (in both natural and damaged systems), as well as their underlying mechanisms, is a challenge for stream restorers that will only progress with the accumulation of long‐term data. Restorers should recognise and plan for hydrological extreme events and their interactions with other disturbances (e.g. fire, urban development). Increasing connectivity of restoration efforts along with their spatial extent can lessen the negative effects of extreme hydrological events on stream restoration.

Successful ecological stream restoration requires long time spans and thus with a changing climate the prediction of more frequent and intense extreme events only strengthens the need to incorporate their likelihood into restoration planning and implementation.