bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host genes and their effect on the intestinal microbiome garden
Authors: Jacobs Jonathan , Braun Jonathan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe are only beginning to understand the relationship between host genetics and the gut microbiome. Two recent studies help to disentangle this interaction and show that genetic loci across the human genome shape the gut microbiome. This opens the possibility that an unexpected number of genetic factors act directly on microbial composition and function to modulate immune pathways and metabolic phenotypes in host physiology and disease.
The Penn State-Georgia Tech CCMD: ushering in the ICME Era
Authors: Liu Zi-Kui , McDowell David L 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis case study paper presents the origins, philosophy, organization, development, and contributions of the joint Penn State-Georgia Tech Center for Computational Materials Design (CCMD), a NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC) founded in 2005. As a predecessor of and catalyst for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME), the CCMD served as a basis for coupling industry, academia, and government in advancing the state of computational materials science and mechanics across a portfolio of process-structure-property-performance relations, with emphasis on education and training of the future workforce in computational materials design.
Bisphosphonate therapy in pediatric patients
Authors: Eghbali-Fatourechi Guiti 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough for many decades bisphosphonates were used for adult bone loss, bisphosphonate administration in pediatric patients is new and was initiated in the past 15-year. The indications for pediatric bisphosphonates was extended to childhood malignancies with bone involvement, after additional effects were unveiled for bisphosphonates with recent research. In this article we review childhood bone loss and conditions with bone involvement in which bisphosphonate therapy have been used. We also review mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates, and present indications of bisphosphonate therapy in pediatric patients based on results of clinical trials.
Treatment-Associated Musculoskeletal and Vasomotor Symptoms and Relapse-Free Survival in the NCIC CTG MA.27 Adjuvant Breast Cancer Aromatase Inhibitor Trial
Authors: Stearns Vered , Chapman Judith-Anne W. , Ma Cynthia X. , Ellis Matthew J. , Ingle James N. , Pritchard Kathleen I. , Budd G. Thomas , Rabaglio Manuela , Sledge George W. , Le Maitre Aurélie , Kundapur Jessica , Liedke Pedro E.R. , Shepherd Lois E. , Goss Paul E. 
Published: December 2014

Purpose Treatment-emergent symptoms with adjuvant tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been associated with superior recurrence-free survival (RFS). We hypothesized that MA.27 anastrozole- or exemestane-treated patients with new or worsening vasomotor and/or joint symptoms would have improved RFS. Patients and Methods MA.27 randomly assigned 7,576 postmenopausal women with breast cancer to 5 years of anastrozole or exemestane. Patient-reported symptoms were collected using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 at protocol-specified baseline and 6- and 12-month clinical visits. Symptoms were considered present with either vasomotor and/or joint complaints. Associations between symptoms and baseline patient characteristics were examined with χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. Subsequent effects of new or worsening symptoms on RFS were examined with landmark analyses and stratified univariable and multivariable Cox models. We examined the effects of 3-month symptoms arising from unplanned clinic visits as a result of severe toxicity. Results Patients were assessable if eligible for the MA.27 trial, received some trial therapy, and had no disease recurrence at the end of a symptom assessment period; 96% of patients (n = 7,306 patients) were included at 6 months, and 96% (n = 7,246) were included at 12 months. Thirty-four percent of patients had baseline symptoms. For patients without baseline symptoms, 25% and 52% had new symptoms by 6 and 12 months, respectively. Neither treatment-emergent nor baseline symptoms significantly impacted RFS (P > .10) in patients with or without baseline symptoms. Conclusion In MA.27, anastrozole or exemestane treatment-emergent symptoms were not associated with improved RFS. Women should be supported through treatment and encouraged to remain on their AI regardless of their symptoms.
PKCα and PKCδ Activation Regulates Transcriptional Activity and Degradation of Progesterone Receptor in Human Astrocytoma Cells
Authors: González-Arenas Aliesha , Peña-Ortiz Miguel Ángel , Hansberg-Pastor Valeria , Marquina-Sánchez Brenda , Baranda-Ávila Noemi , Nava-Castro Karen , Cabrera-Wrooman Alejandro , González-Jorge Jesús , Camacho-Arroyo Ignacio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProgesterone regulates cancer cell proliferation and invasion through its receptors (PR-A and PR-B), whose phosphorylation modifies their transcriptional activity and induce their degradation. We identified by in silico analysis a putative residue (Ser400) in PR that might be phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC), a family of enzymes involved in the proliferation and infiltration of astrocytomas, the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors. A grade III human astrocytoma-derived cell line was used to study the role of PKC in PR phosphorylation, transcriptional activity, and degradation. Treatment with PKC activator [tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)] increased PR phosphorylation in Ser400 after 5 minutes, which in turn induced PR transcriptional activity and its subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome 3–5 hours after treatment. Silencing or inhibition of PKCα and PKCδ blocked PR phosphorylation and degradation induced by TPA. Both PR isoforms were associated with PKCα and reached the maximum association after 5 minutes of TPA addition. These data correlated with immunnofluorescence assays in which nuclear colocalization of PKCα with PR increased after TPA treatment. We observed a 2-fold increase in cell proliferation after PKC activation with TPA that was reduced with the PR antagonist, RU486. The PR S400A mutant revealed that this residue is essential for PKC-mediated PR phosphorylation and degradation. Our results show a key participation of PKCα and PKCδ in PR regulation and function.
Aquaporins, Vasopressin, and Aging: Current Perspectives
Authors: Tamma Grazia , Goswami Nandu , Reichmuth Johannes , De Santo Natale G. , Valenti Giovanna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFunctioning of the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal-vasopressin axis is altered in aging, and the pathway may represent a plausible target to slow the process of aging. Arginine vasopressin, a nine-amino acid peptide that is secreted from the posterior pituitary in response to high plasma osmolality and hypotension, is central in this pathway. Vasopressin has important roles in circulatory and water homoeostasis mediated by vasopressin receptor subtypes V1a (vascular), V1b (pituitary), and V2 (vascular, renal). A dysfunction in this pathway as a result of aging can result in multiple abnormalities in several physiological systems. In addition, vasopressin plasma concentration is significantly higher in males than in females and vasopressin-mediated effects on renal and vascular targets are more pronounced in males than in females. These findings may be caused by sex differences in vasopressin secretion and action, making men more susceptible than females to diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases, and urolithiasis. Recently the availability of new, potent, orally active vasopressin receptor antagonists, the vaptans, has strongly increased the interest on vasopressin and its receptors as a new target for prevention of age-related diseases associated with its receptor-altered signaling. This review summarizes the recent literature in the field of vasopressin signaling in age-dependent abnormalities in kidney, cardiovascular function, and bone function.
Anthropometry in Klinefelter Syndrome - Multifactorial Influences Due to CAG Length, Testosterone Treatment and Possibly Intrauterine Hypogonadism
Authors: Chang Simon , Skakkebæk Anne , Trolle Christian , Bojesen Anders , Hertz Jens Michael , Cohen Arieh , Hougaard David Michael , Wallentin Mikkel , Pedersen Anders Degn , Østergaard John Rosendahl , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: December 2014

Context:Klinefelter syndrome, 47, XXY (KS), is underdiagnosed partly due to few clinical signs complicating identification of affected individuals. Certain phenotypic traits are common in KS. However, not all aspects of the KS phenotype are well described.Objective:To describe anthropometry and body composition in KS and relate findings to biochemistry and X-chromosome related genetic markers.Design, Setting and Participants:Seventy three KS males referred to our clinic and 73 age-matched controls underwent comprehensive measurements of anthropometry and body composition in a cross-sectional, case-controlled study. Furthermore, genetic analysis for parental origin of the supernumerary X-chromosome, skewed X-chromosome inactivation and androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat length was done.Main Outcome Measure:Anthropometry and body composition in KS and the effect of genotype hereon.Results:KS males were taller (absolute difference: 5.1 cm, P &lt; .001) with longer legs (5.7 cm, P &lt; .001) compared with controls. Furthermore, 2D:4D was increased in KS males (relative effect size: Cohen's d = 0.40), reflecting reduced fetal testosterone exposure. Also, bi-iliac width (0.41), waist (0.52), and hip circumference (0.47) (P &lt; .02 for all), as well as total fat mass (0.74), abdominal fat mass (0.67), and total body fat percentage (0.84) was increased in KS males (P &lt; .001 for all), while bitesticular volume was reduced (4.6). AR CAG repeat length was comparable in KS and controls, and among KS CAG correlated to arm length (P = .04), arm span (P = .01), and leg length (P = .04). Effects of parental origin of the supernumerary X-chromosome and skewed X-chromosome inactivation were negligible.Conclusions:Anthropometry and body composition in KS is specific and dysmorphic and affected by AR CAG repeat length and decreased exposure to testosterone already during fetal life.
HIF-1α restricts NF-κB dependent gene expression to control innate immunity signals
Authors: Bandarra Daniel , Biddlestone John , Mudie Sharon , Muller H. Arno , Rocha Sonia 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are intimately linked. It is known that NF-κB regulates the HIF system but little is known about how HIF regulates NF-κB. Here, we show that HIF-1α represses NF-κB dependent gene expression. HIF-1α depletion results in increased NF-κB transcriptional activity both in mammalian cells and in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. HIF-1α depletion enhanced the NF-κB response and this required not only the TAK-IKK complex, but also CDK6. Loss of HIF-1α results in an increased angiogenic response in mammalian cancer cells and increased mortality in Drosophila following infection. These results indicate that HIF-1α is required to restrain the NF-κB response, and thus prevents excessive and damaging pro-inflammatory responses.
Gas-Phase Acidities of Aryl-Substituted Fluorinated Alkanes. The Nature of β-Fluorine Negative Hyperconjugation
Authors: Mustanir  , Abboud José-Luis M , Mishima Masaaki , Koch Heinz F , Koch Judith G 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Gas-phase acidities (GA) of 2-phenyl- and 2-p-nitrophenyl-substituted fluoroalkanes, ArCH2Rf and ArCH(Rf1)Rf2, were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. The GA values of the fluoroalkanes having no fluorine atom at the β-position of the conjugate acid anion center were correlated linearly with the corrected number of fluorine atoms contained in the fluorinated alkyl group (Rf), indicating that these acidities were determined by accumulated inductive effect of fluorine atoms. The GA values of ArCH(CF3)21 and ArCH(C2F5)22 also conformed to the line, indicating negligible or no contribution of β-fluorine negative hyperconjugation to the stability of both carbanions. On the basis of this linear relationship, the extent of β-fluorine negative hyperconjugation involved in the acidity of fluoroalkanes having β-fluorine was evaluated quantitatively. It was concluded that the contribution of β-fluorine negative hyperconjugation to acidity of aryl-substituted fluoroalkanes is complementary to stabilization effects by the aryl group as well as accumulated inductive effect of fluorine atoms contained in the fluorinated alkyl group.
Digital Microfluidic Platform for the Detection of Rubella Infection and Immunity: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Ng Alphonsus H C , Lee Misan , Choi Kihwan , Fischer Andrew T , Robinson John M , Wheeler Aaron R 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Whereas disease surveillance for infectious diseases such as rubella is important, it is critical to identify pregnant women at risk of passing rubella to their offspring, which can be fatal and can result in congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The traditional centralized model for diagnosing rubella is cost-prohibitive in resource-limited settings, representing a major obstacle to the prevention of CRS. As a step toward decentralized diagnostic systems, we developed a proof-of-concept digital microfluidic (DMF) diagnostic platform that possesses the flexibility and performance of automated immunoassay platforms used in central facilities, but with a form factor the size of a shoebox.

METHODS
DMF immunoassays were developed with integrated sample preparation for the detection of rubella virus (RV) IgG and IgM. The performance (sensitivity and specificity) of the assays was evaluated with serum and plasma samples from a commercial antirubella mixed-titer performance panel.

RESULTS
The new platform performed the essential processing steps, including sample aliquoting for 4 parallel assays, sample dilution, and IgG blocking. Testing of performance panel samples yielded diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 100% for both RV IgG and RV IgM. With 1.8 μL sample per assay, 4 parallel assays were performed in approximately 30 min with &lt;10% mean CV.

CONCLUSIONS
This proof of concept establishes DMF-powered immunoassays as being potentially useful for the diagnosis of infectious disease.
Preparation of Nano-Composite Ca2−αZnα(OH)4
with High Thermal Storage Capacity and Improved
Recovery of Stored Heat Energy
Authors: Zheng M. , Sun S.M. , Hu J. , Zhao Y. , Yu L. J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Thermal energy storage has very important
prospects in many applications related to the use of renewable
energies (solar energy, etc.) or other energy sources,
such as waste heat from industrial processes. Thermochemical
storage is very attractive for long-term storage,
since it could be conducted at room temperature without
energy losses. In the present paper, a novel nanocomposite
material, Ca2−αZnα(OH)4, is prepared using coprecipitation
methodology and is characterized by XRD
and DSC tests. The XRD result shows that the grain size of
the nano-composite ranges from 40 nm to 95 nm. The DSC
test result shows that the nano-composite exhibits high
thermal storage capacity: 764.5 J/g at α = 0.8555. Its thermal
decomposition temperature was found to be approximately
180º. Itwas found possible to recover 63.25% of the
stored heat energy.
More on the as-predicative: Granularity issues in the description of construction networks
Authors: Hampe Beate 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUsage-based construction grammar needs to determine which schematizations are really supported by usage: Previous research on argumentstructure constructions with object-related complements has assumed overarching constructions with a formally underspecified component (Gries et al. 2005, 2010; Gonzalvez-Garcia 2009). These schematize over a number of formally different subconstructions. It has been shown, however, that paying attention to the formally different realisations of a constructional component may bring out the functional differential between subconstructions which are closely related within a construction network (Hampe 2011a). Based on the data used by Gries and colleagues (2010), this paper presents a fine-grained collostruction analysis of the as-predicative as a network of tightly related subconstructions and checks whether there is a functional difference between the subconstructions with nominal and adjectival as-complements. It is shown that the extended uses of the construction sketched out by Gries et al. (2005) are licensed by the subconstruction with nominal as-complement, rather than present a property of the overarching, most general pattern. Beyond this, the present paper locates the as-predicative within the network of all argument-structure constructions with phrasal object-related complements. In this context, it also discusses under which conditions the occurrence of a specific verb as a collexeme of more than one argument-structure construction can be seen as a verb-specific constructeme uniting several allostructions (Capelle 2006).
All about the ⊥ with its applications in the linear statistical models
Authors: Markiewicz Augustyn , Puntanen Simo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
For an n x m real matrix A the matrix A⊥ is defined as a matrix spanning the orthocomplement of the column space of A, when the orthogonality is defined with respect to the standard inner product ⟨x, y⟩ = x'y. In this paper we collect together various properties of the ⊥ operation and its applications in linear statistical models. Results covering the more general inner products are also considered. We also provide a rather extensive list of references
Biomechanical Study of Two Peripheral Suture Methods on Repaired Tendons
Authors: Wang Shixin , Qiu Zhenling 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Flexor digitorum tendon injuries are challenging
conditions to manage to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
While several surgical approaches with high success rates
have been developed, there remains no gold standard for
suture technique for the repair of flexor tendon injuries.
In this study, we compared two distinct peripheral suture
methods on the strength of repaired tendons. Pig flexor
digitorum profundus tendons were used in biomechanical
studies and the biomechanical influence on tendon repair
of continuous running peripheral suture (CRPS) and
continuous locking peripheral suture (CLPS), were compared,
using stitch length ranging from 1mm to 5mm. In
CRPS, the 1mm stitch length group displayed the highest
maximum load and breaking power, which was 1.57 fold
higher than the 2mm stitch length group. Pairwise comparison
revealed that the 1 and 2mm groups were statistically
different from the 3, 4, and 5mm stitch length
groups while comparison among the latter groups was not
statistically significant. For CLPS, the 1mm group exhibited
consistently the highest maximum load strength and
breaking power, which was twice the strength displayed
by the 2mm group. Pairwise comparisons between groups
showed statistical significance. For future repairs of flexor
tendon injuries, 1mm stitch length is highly recommended
for simple peripheral suture.
Dye wastewater treatment by direct contact membrane distillation using polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Mokhtar Nadzirah M. , Lau Woei J. , Ismail Ahmad F. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The potential of 18 wt.% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane blended with ethylene glycol (EG) for the treatment of dye solution using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system was investigated. The PVDF membrane was prepared using the dry-jet wet spinning method and was characterized in terms of membrane morphology, porosity, wetting pressure, gas permeability and degree of hydrophobicity. The membrane was tested using dye solution containing 0.5 g l-1 reactive black 5 (RB5). The experimental period was prolonged to 6 h in order to analyze the fouling tendency and membrane durability during the DCMD process. The results showed that the modified PVDF membrane was able to produce consistent flux (i.e., 9.82±0.52 kg m-2 h-1) throughout the DCMD experiment while maintaining excellent dye rejection (i.e., 99.86±0.04%). With respect to membrane fouling, it was found that the lumen side of the membrane was significantly stained with color (compared to outer membrane surface) due to the physical-chemical interaction between reactive dye and membrane structure. Although membrane fouling was experienced in this study, its impact on MD performance in terms of flux and rejection was negligible, mainly because MD is not a pressure-driven process.
Characteristics of natural leather finished with some ecofriendly mixtures of polymeric aqueous dispersions
Authors: Niculescu Olga , Moldovan Zenovia , Leca Minodora , Chelaru Ciprian , Alexandrescu Laura , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A series of mixtures of acrylic copolymer aqueous dispersions or acrylic copolymers and polyurethane water dispersions were used as environmentally friendly base coatings and an acrylic self-crosslinkable copolymer dispersion containing epoxy resin as top coating for natural leather. Samples finished with the proposed additives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical-mechanical tests. FT-IR spectra show that the proposed ecofriendly dispersion used as top coating not only covers the surface of leather, but it is chemically bound with the base coat, assuring a resistant coverage. SEM images show smooth and uniform surfaces. Physical-mechanical characteristics are superior to those imposed by standards in force, demonstrating that the proposed dispersion is able to substitute successfully the top coating nitrocellulose aqueous emulsions (noted EMAL) commonly used as finishing agents, in which the nitrocellulose is dispersed as solution.
The association between bronchial anthracofibrosis and pneumoconiosis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cho Younmo , Choi Min , Myong Jun‐Pyo , Kim Hyoung‐Ryoul , Lee HyeEun , Jang Tae‐Won , Koo Jung‐Wan 
Published: December 2014

The association between bronchial anthracofibrosis and pneumoconiosis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study: Younmo CHO, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Republic of KoreaObjectiveBronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) is associated with occupational hazardous dust exposure. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of BAF and BAC without fibrosis in patients with pneumoconiosis, and to evaluate the associations between BAC/BAF and occupational dust exposure and clinical manifestations among patients with pneumoconiosis.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study (n=170) among individuals who were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis or suspicious pneumoconiosis and underwent bronchoscopy between January 2000 and February 2013 was performed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate associations.ResultsIn total, 153 eligible subjects were included in the study because their records contained all the required information. Of these, 81 (53%) and 63 (41%) had BAC and BAF, respectively. Occupational coal dust exposure increased the risk of BAF and BAC (odds ratio [OR]=2.980, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.184−8.128; OR=2.840, 95% CI=1.092−7.926, respectively). Profusion category 3 pneumoconiosis also increased the risk of BAC (OR=33.887, 95% CI=5.317−394.729).ConclusionsBAF and BAC are associated with occupational exposure to coal dust. Therefore, clinicians should consider occupational history when they investigate the association between BAC/BAF and risk factors such as tuberculosis, lung cancer, and biomass fuel exposure.