bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma apolipoprotein H limits HCV replication and associates with response to NS3 protease inhibitors‐based therapy
Authors: Sultanik Philippe , Mallet Vincent , Lagaye Sylvie , Casrouge Armanda , Dorival Céline , Barthe Yoann , Fontaine Hélène , Hézode Christophe , Mottez Estelle , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Carrat Fabrice , Theodorou Ioannis , Abel Laurent , Gayat Etienne , Fontanet Arnaud , Pol Stanislas , Albert Matthew L. ,   ANRS CO20‐CUPIC
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic infection with HCV remains a public health problem with approximately 150 million people infected worldwide. HCV intersects with lipid metabolism for replication and entry; and plasma concentrations of apolipoproteins have been identified as predictors for response to therapy. Herein, we conducted a screen of plasma proteins, including all apolipoproteins, to identify correlates of response to pegylated‐interferon/ribavirin (PR) and HCV non‐structural protein 3 (NS3) inhibitors (i.e., telaprevir/boceprevir) therapy in treatment‐experienced cirrhotic patients from the ANRS CUPIC cohort.MethodsWe analysed 220 baseline plasma protein concentrations in 189 patients using Luminex technology and analyzed results.ResultsWe identified baseline levels of apolipoprotein H (apoH) as a surrogate marker for sustained virological response (SVR). Notably, increased plasma concentration of apoH, used in combination with known clinical parameters, established a robust model with improved classification of patients as likely to achieve SVR (AUC = 0.77, Se = 66%, Sp = 72%, NRI = 39%). Moreover, we provide mechanistic information that indicates a previously unidentified role for apoH during viral entry. Using a human liver slices HCV infection model, we demonstrate that apoH limits replication.ConclusionThese data support testing of new biomarker strategies for the management of cirrhotic HCV patients and expand our understanding of how apoH may intersect with HCV infection.
Forns index predicts recurrence and death in patients with hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Choi Won‐Mook , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Ahn Hongkeun , Cho Hyeki , Cho Young Youn , Lee Minjong , Yoo Jeong‐ju , Cho Yuri , Lee Dong Hyeon , Lee Yun Bin , Cho Eun Ju , Yu Su Jong , Yi Nam‐Joon , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Kim Chung Yong , Lee Hyo‐Suk 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsAdvanced liver fibrosis is associated with recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate whether noninvasive fibrosis indices could predict intrahepatic recurrence and death after curative resection of HCC.MethodsPatients who underwent curative resection for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC between 2006 and 2010 at a single tertiary hospital were included. This study analysed the association of noninvasive fibrosis indices with recurrence and overall survival.ResultsA total of 303 patients were included. During a median follow‐up period of 56.0 (interquartile range, 42.0–70.0) months, 151 (49.8%) patients experienced HCC recurrence and 54 (17.8%) died. Based on multivariate analysis, Forns index [hazard ratio (HR), 1.238; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.097–1.398; P = 0.001] was independently associated with tumour recurrence after adjustment for anti‐HBe positivity, histological cirrhosis, tumour size and number. Patients with Forns index <6.9 had a significantly longer recurrence‐free survival rate than patients with Forns index ≥6.9 (P < 0.001 by log‐rank test). Forns index (HR, 1.246; 95% CI, 1.034–1.501; P = 0.02) could also predict overall survival after adjustment for tumour size and number. Forns index detected cirrhosis with an AUROC of 0.700 (95% CI, 0.641–0.758). Aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index, cirrhosis discriminant score, FIB‐4 index, P2/MS and Lok index detected cirrhosis comparably to Forns index, but were not associated with tumour recurrence or death.ConclusionsOur data suggest that Forns index could be a useful predictor of recurrence and overall survival after curative resection of HBV‐related HCC.
A Slow or Modulatory Role of Astrocytes in Neurovascular Coupling
Authors: Rosenegger David George , Gordon Grant Robert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAstrocytes are thought to play an important role in NVC, a process that allows the brain to locally control blood flow in response to changes in activity. However, there is an ongoing debate as to when, and under what conditions astrocyte activity is required. In the following review we set forth the hypotheses that astrocytes: (i) act to modulate but not initiate functional hyperemia and (ii) help set the basal tone state of the brain microvasculature by the tonic release of vaso‐active messengers. Through these actions astrocytes could help match metabolic demand with supply over a spectrum of activity timescales.
Optimizing the high‐resolution manometry (HRM) study protocol
Authors: Patel A. , Ding A. , Mirza F. , Gyawali C. P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundIntolerance of the esophageal manometry catheter may prolong high‐resolution manometry (HRM) studies and increase patient distress. We assessed the impact of obtaining the landmark phase at the end of the study when the patient has acclimatized to the HRM catheter.Methods366 patients (mean age 55.4 ± 0.8 years, 62.0% female) undergoing esophageal HRM over a 1‐year period were studied. The standard protocol consisted of the landmark phase, 10 5 mL water swallows 20–30 s apart, and multiple rapid swallows where 4–6 2 mL swallows were administered in rapid succession. The modified protocol consisted of the landmark phase at the end of the study after test swallows. Study duration, technical characteristics, indications, and motor findings were compared between standard and modified protocols.Key ResultsOf the 366 patients, 89.6% underwent the standard protocol (study duration 12.9 ± 0.3 min). In 10.4% with poor catheter tolerance undergoing the modified protocol, study duration was significantly longer (15.6 ± 1.0 min, p = 0.004) despite similar duration of study maneuvers. Only elevated upper esophageal sphincter basal pressures at the beginning of the study segregated modified protocol patients. The 95th percentile time to landmark phase in the standard protocol patients was 6.1 min; as many as 31.4% of modified protocol patients could not obtain their first study maneuver within this period (p = 0.0003). Interpretation was not impacted by shifting the landmark phase to the end of the study.Conclusions & InferencesModification of the HRM study protocol with the landmark phase obtained at the end of the study optimizes study duration without compromising quality.
Cold adaptive potential of chironomids overwintering in a glacial stream
Authors: Lencioni Valeria , Jousson Olivier , Guella Graziano , Bernabò Paola 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInsects inhabiting cold streams must either tolerate or avoid freezing to survive. The present study reports the strategy adopted by fourth‐instar larvae of two chironomid species [Pseudodiamesa branickii (Nowicki) and Diamesa cinerella (Meigen)] overwintering in a glacial stream (in the Italian Alps). The cold adaptive potential of both species under acute cold stress is investigated down to –30 °C. Supercooling points, lower lethal temperatures (LLTs), haemolymph thermal hysteresis, whole body content of sugars and polyols, and the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes (hsc70 and hsp70) expression are estimated. Comparable thermal hysteresis (> 2 °C) is measured in the two species, both of which accumulate glucose and sucrose as the main cryoprotectants. According to the supercooling points (= –6.37 and –6.85 °C, respectively) and LLT100 (= –16.2 and –14.7 °C, respectively), P. branickii and D. cinerella can both be considered as freeze tolerant. However, the cumulative proportion of individual freezing values and the LLT50 (–9.14 and –6.13 °C, respectively) suggest that P. branickii is more cold hardy than D. cinerella, whereas the gene expression data (i.e. an absence of up‐regulation of hsp70 in D. cinerella) suggest that D. cinerella is more cold hardy than P. branickii. These findings are discussed in relation to the validity of the different metabolic indicators for defining the level of cold hardiness of a species, even in relation to its cold stenothermy. The results are also discussed in relation to climate warming, which represents a serious threat for species from glacier‐fed streams.
Dialectical Activity, Ritual, and Value: A Critique of Talbot Brewer
Authors: Cordner Christopher 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTalbot Brewer has argued that contemporary philosophy of action and ethics are hampered by a picture of human agency as essentially consisting in bringing about states of affairs – a “production‐oriented” conception of action. From classical sources, centrally including Aristotle, Brewer retrieves a different picture – of human activity as fundamentally “dialectical”. Ritual activity, including a ritual dimension of many dialectical activities, affirms and deepens our human presence in and to the world, and to other human beings. I argue that this aspect of ritual activity cannot be adequately recognised in the terms of Brewer's dialectical account of human activity.
Cutoff-independent RG flow equations for two-coupled chains model
Authors: Prudêncio Thiago 
Published: January 2015

One-dimensional strongly correlated electron systems coupled via transverse hopping and presence of interband interactions can converge to a Luttinger liquid state or diverge to an even more intricate behavior, as a Mott state. Explicit consideration of the renormalization group (RG) flow of the Fermi points in the Fermi surface, turns the classification of phase transitions more challenging. We reconsider the recent paper for the spinless case [E. Correa and A. Ferraz, Eur. Phys. J. B 87 (2014) 51], where RG flow equations are derived in a cutoff-dependent form up to two-loops order. We demonstrate that the cutoff-dependence can be removed by rewriting the RG flow equations in terms of the energy scale variable. In our paper, the RG flow equations assume a cutoff-independent form and leads to fixed points independent of cutoff choice. The consequence is the invariance under cutoff transformations, more suitable for classifying universality classes and phase transitions.
Lag Times between Lymphoproliferative Disorder and Clinical Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Prospective Analysis Using Plasma Soluble CD23
Authors: Kaaks Rudolf , Sookthai Disorn , Łuczyńska Anna , Oakes Christopher C. , Becker Susen , Johnson Theron , Johansson Annsofie , Melin Beatrice , Sjöberg Klas , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Masala Giovanna , Agnoli Claudia , Boeing Heiner , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Brennan Paul , Franceschi Silvia , Roulland Sandrine , Casabonne Delphine , de Sanjose Silvia , Sánchez María-José , Huerta José María , Ardanaz Eva , Sala Nuria , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jytte , Weiderpass Elisabete , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. B(as). , Vermeulen Roel , Peeters Petra H. , Vineis Paolo , Kelly Rachel S. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Travis Ruth C. , Key Timothy J. , Riboli Elio , Nieters Alexandra 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic disease that often progresses slowly from a precursor stage, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), and that can remain undiagnosed for a long time.
Methods: Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort, we measured prediagnostic plasma sCD23 for 179 individuals who eventually were diagnosed with CLL and an equal number of matched control subjects who remained free of cancer.
Results: In a very large proportion of CLL patients' plasma sCD23 was clearly elevated 7 or more years before diagnosis. Considering sCD23 as a disease predictor, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90–1.00] for CLL diagnosed within 0.1 to 2.7 years after blood measurement, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86–0.95) for diagnosis within 2.8 to 7.3 years, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65–0.86) for CLL diagnosed between 7.4 and 12.5 years. Even at a 7.4-year and longer time interval, elevated plasma sCD23 could predict a later clinical diagnosis of CLL with 100% specificity at &gt;45% sensitivity.
Conclusions: Our findings provide unique documentation for the very long latency times during which measurable B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder exists before the clinical manifestation of CLL.
Impact: Our findings have relevance for the interpretation of prospective epidemiologic studies on the causes of CLL in terms of reverse causation bias. The lag times indicate a time frame within which an early detection of CLL would be theoretically possible. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(3); 538–45. ©2014 AACR.
Targeting the Metabolic Plasticity of Multiple Myeloma with FDA-Approved Ritonavir and Metformin
Authors: Dalva-Aydemir Sevim , Bajpai Richa , Martinez Maylyn , Adekola Kehinde U.A. , Kandela Irawati , Wei Changyong , Singhal Seema , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Raje Noopur S. , Rosen Steven T. , Shanmugam Mala 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurpose: We have previously demonstrated that ritonavir targeting of glycolysis is growth inhibitory and cytotoxic in a subset of multiple myeloma cells. In this study, our objective was to investigate the metabolic basis of resistance to ritonavir and to determine the utility of cotreatment with the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor metformin to target compensatory metabolism.Experimental Design: We determined combination indices for ritonavir and metformin, impact on myeloma cell lines, patient samples, and myeloma xenograft growth. Additional evaluation in breast, melanoma, and ovarian cancer cell lines was also performed. Signaling connected to suppression of the prosurvival BCL-2 family member MCL-1 was evaluated in multiple myeloma cell lines and tumor lysates. Reliance on oxidative metabolism was determined by evaluation of oxygen consumption, and dependence on glutamine was assessed by estimation of viability upon metabolite withdrawal in the context of specific metabolic perturbations.Results: Ritonavir-treated multiple myeloma cells exhibited increased reliance on glutamine metabolism. Ritonavir sensitized multiple myeloma cells to metformin, effectively eliciting cytotoxicity both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft model of multiple myeloma and in breast, ovarian, and melanoma cancer cell lines. Ritonavir and metformin effectively suppressed AKT and mTORC1 phosphorylation and prosurvival BCL-2 family member MCL-1 expression in multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions: FDA-approved ritonavir and metformin effectively target multiple myeloma cell metabolism to elicit cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma. Our studies warrant further investigation into repurposing ritonavir and metformin to target the metabolic plasticity of myeloma to more broadly target myeloma heterogeneity and prevent the reemergence of chemoresistant aggressive multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1161–71. ©2014 AACR.
Demograficzne aspekty samostanowienia narodu na przykładzie współczesnej Walii
Authors: Libor Grzegorz 
Published: January 2015

Demographic aspects of self-determination of nation on the example of modern WalesDemographic problems and their consequences have been analyzed in many different ways, from different points of view. Their conditions and mutual relations have been taken into account as well, even though the interest in population problems in capitalist societies results from the fairly prosaic reasons. Dealing with them means increasing costs. Under certain conditions, however, non-economic benefits can, or at least should, become more important than economic losses. The case of Wales seems to confirm this thesis. The basis for a prosperous and strong nation is its proper demographic condition invaluable from the perspective of competing with other nation – in this case with English one. The purpose of this article is to present the demographic situation of Wales, identify the most important of its demographic problems, as well as the actions taken by the Welsh Government in this regard. Demograficzne aspekty samostanowienia narodu na przykładzie współczesnej WaliiProblemy demograficzne i ich konsekwencje analizowane były do tej pory na wiele różnych sposobów i przy uwzględnieniu różnych punktów widzenia. Badano ich wzajemne relacje i uwarunkowania, mimo iż zainteresowanie problemami demograficznymi w społeczeństwach kapitalistycznych wynikało i nadal wynika z dość prozaicznych powodów. Radzenie sobie z nimi wymaga bowiem ponoszenia coraz to większych kosztów. W określonych warunkach jednak pozaekonomiczne korzyści mogą, a przynajmniej powinny, stać się ważniejsze od gospodarczych strat. Przypadek tytułowej Walii zdaje się potwierdzać tą tezę. Podstawą dobrze prosperującego i silnego narodu jest jego odpowiednia kondycja demograficzna, bezcenna z perspektywy rywalizacji z innym narodem. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie sytuacji demograficznej Walii, zidentyfikowanie najważniejszych jej problemów demograficznych, a także wskazanie działań podejmowanych przez rząd walijski w tym zakresie.
Czesi we Wrocławiu podczas Euro 2012. Przyczynek do analizy polsko-czeskich relacji społecznych
Authors: Dębicki Marcin 
Published: January 2015

Czechs in Wrocław during Euro 2012. A contribution to the analysis of the Polish-Czech social relationsThe aim of the article is to analyse the Polish-Czech relations on a social platform, seen through the prism of the football event—Euro 2012. The text opens with a glance at a broader context of these relations generated by mutual stereotypes and the media coverage of certain peculiarities of both national cultures. Then it goes on to giving quite detailed a record of the atmosphere created by the Polish and Czechs fans during the tournament, which was written into the conception of pop nationalism. The whole picture is enriched with an attempt to refer the situation observed in Wrocław to the attitudes Poles generally have to Czechs, expressed by means of statistical data as well as features of character traditionally ascribed to this nation in Poland. Czesi we Wrocławiu podczas Euro 2012. Przyczynek do analizy polsko-czeskich relacji społecznychCelem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie analizy relacji polsko-czeskich na płaszczyźnie społecznej, widzianych przez pryzmat wydarzenia piłkarskiego – Euro 2012. Tekst otwiera spojrzenie na szerszy kontekst owych relacji, tworzony przez wzajemne stereotypy oraz przekazy medialne dotyczące niektórych osobliwości obu kultur narodowych. Następnie przedstawiono dosyć szczegółowy zapis atmosfery stworzonej przez polskich i czeskich kibiców podczas rzeczonego turnieju, co zostało wpisane w pojęcie banalnego nacjonalizmu. Cały obraz jest wzbogacony o próbę odniesienia sytuacji zaobserwowanej we Wrocławiu do postaw, jakie Polacy, ogólnie rzecz biorąc, posiadają wobec Czechów. Nastawienia te wyrażono za pomocą danych statystycznych, jak również cech charakteru tradycyjnie przypisywanych temu narodowi w Polsce.
The Impact of ENSO on the South Atlantic Subtropical Dipole Mode
Authors: Rodrigues Regina R. , Campos Edmo J. D. , Haarsma Reindert 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the South Atlantic subtropical dipole mode (SASD) is investigated using both observations and model simulations. The SASD is the dominant mode of coupled ocean–atmosphere variability in the South Atlantic. This study focuses on austral summer, when both ENSO and SASD peak. It is shown that negative SASD events are associated with central Pacific El Niño events by triggering the Pacific–South American wave train (PSA). The latter resembles the third leading mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere (PSA2) and causes a weakening and meridional shift of the South Atlantic subtropical high, which then generates the negative SASD events. On the other hand, a strengthening of the South Atlantic subtropical high related to central La Niña teleconnections causes positive SASD events. The results herein show that the PSA2, triggered by central Pacific ENSO events, connects the tropical Pacific to the Atlantic. This connection is absent from eastern Pacific ENSO events, which appear to initiate the second leading mode of atmospheric variability in the Southern Hemisphere (PSA1). It is for this reason that previous studies have found weak correlations between ENSO and SASD. These findings can improve the climate prediction of southeastern South America and southern Africa since these regions are affected by sea surface temperature anomalies of both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Double-Diffusive Interleaving: Properties of the Steady-State Solution
Authors: Li Yuehua , McDougall Trevor J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDouble-diffusive interleaving is examined as it progresses from a linear instability toward finite amplitude. When the basic stratification is in the “finger” sense, the initial series of finger interfaces is unstable and one grows in strength at the expense of the others. At an intermediate stage of its development, the interleaving motions pass through a stage when every second interface in the vertical is stable to double diffusion. At a later time this interface turns into a “diffusive” double-diffusive interface. This study takes the fluxes of heat and salt across both the finger and diffusive interfaces to be given by the laboratory flux laws, and the authors ask whether a steady state is possible. It is found that the fluxes across the diffusive interfaces must be many times stronger relative to the corresponding fluxes across the finger interfaces than is indicated from existing flux expressions derived from laboratory experiments. The total effect of the interleaving motion on the vertical fluxes of heat and of salt are calculated for the steady-state solutions. It is found that both the fluxes of heat and salt are upgradient, corresponding to a negative vertical diffusion coefficient for all heat, salt, and density. For moderate to large Prandtl numbers, these negative effective diapycnal diffusivities of heat and salt are approximately equal so that the interleaving process acts to counteract some of the usual turbulent diapycnal diffusivity due to breaking internal waves.