bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socially aware path planning for mobile robots
Authors: Kodagoda Sarath , Sehestedt Stephan , Dissanayake Gamini 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYHuman–robot interaction is an emerging area of research where a robot may need to be working in human-populated environments. Human trajectories are generally not random and can belong to gross patterns. Knowledge about these patterns can be learned through observation. In this paper, we address the problem of a robot's social awareness by learning human motion patterns and integrating them in path planning. The gross motion patterns are learned using a novel Sampled Hidden Markov Model, which allows the integration of partial observations in dynamic model building. This model is used in the modified A* path planning algorithm to achieve socially aware trajectories. Novelty of the proposed method is that it can be used on a mobile robot for simultaneous online learning and path planning. The experiments carried out in an office environment show that the paths can be planned seamlessly, avoiding personal spaces of occupants.
The impact of ethnicity and geographical location of residence on the 2009 influenza H1N1 pandemic vaccination
Authors: XIAO Y. , MOGHADAS S. M. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYIn Canada, vaccination policies against the 2009 influenza H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) were modified at different times during the autumn wave. We hypothesized that ethnicity and place of residence influenced the odds of vaccination. To test this hypothesis, we used vaccination databases for the entire province of Manitoba, and obtained the age distribution of vaccination for First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) populations. We used regression analysis to determine the effect of ethnicity and location of residence on odds of vaccination. We found that individuals with FN identity were over 2.8 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.79–2.87] more likely to receive vaccination compared to non-FN individuals. For the FN populations, on-reserve residency was associated with 5.15-fold (95% CI 5.00–5.30) higher odds of vaccination compared to off-reserve residency. Our study highlights the importance of demographic and geographical variables in developing strategies for vaccine prioritization.
Long-term outcome of congenital aortic valve stenosis: predictors of reintervention
Authors: Hochstrasser Léa , Ruchat Patrick , Sekarski Nicole , Hurni Michel , von Segesser Ludwig K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate long-term outcome of initial aortic valve intervention in a paediatric population with congenital aortic stenosis, and to determine risk factors associated with reintervention.Patients and methods:From 1985 to 2009, 77 patients with congenital aortic stenosis and a mean age of 5.8±5.6 years at diagnosis were followed up in our institution for 14.8±9.1 years.Results:First intervention was successful with 86% of patients having a residual peak aortic gradient <50 mmHg, and the proportion of patients with grade >1 regurgitation increased by 7%. Long-term survival after the first procedure was excellent, with 91% survival at 25 years. At a mean interval of 7.6±5.3 years, 30 patients required a reintervention (39%), mainly because of a recurrent aortic stenosis. Freedom from reintervention was 97, 89, 75, 53, and 42% at 1, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years, respectively. Predictors of reintervention were residual peak aortic gradient (p=0.0001), aortic regurgitation post-intervention >1 (p=0.02), prior balloon aortic valvuloplasty (p=0.04), and increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p=0.1).Conclusions:Aortic valve intervention is a safe and effective procedure for congenital aortic stenosis with excellent survival results. However, rate of reintervention is high and influenced by increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness pre-intervention, prior balloon valvuloplasty, higher residual peak systolic valve gradient, and more than mild regurgitation post-intervention. The study highlights that long-term follow-up is recommended for these patients.
The Impact of Adaptive Capacity on Disaster Response and Recovery: Evidence Supporting Core Community Capabilities
Authors: Zukowski Rebecca S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the development of adaptive capacity and disaster response and recovery outcomes. Hospitals and health care systems are a critical element in community planning for all phases of the disaster cycle. There is a lack of research, however, to validate the relationship between the development of these capabilities and improved response and recovery outcomes.Hypothesis/ProblemTwo hypotheses were formulated to address the research question. The first hypothesis argued that counties or parishes that developed adaptive capacity through pre-event planning, community engagement, training, and the use of national response frameworks would have improved response and recovery performance outcomes. The second hypothesis argued that adaptive capacity, along with response and recovery performance outcomes, predicts the trajectory of recovery progression.MethodsThis study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey methodology and existing community demographic data to explore the development of adaptive capacity and its ability to predict disaster response and recovery outcomes in communities affected by major disaster in 2011. A total of 333 counties and parishes were included in the final sample, providing a 95% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple, hierarchical, and robust regression were used to find the best fitting model. Multi-level modeling with random intercepts was used to control for the nesting effects associated with county, state, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) region sampling.ResultsDescriptive results provide a baseline assessment of adaptive capacity development at the community level. While controlling for other variables, hypothesis testing revealed that pre-event planning, community engagement, full-scale exercises, and use of national frameworks predicated overall response and recovery performance outcomes (R2 = .43; F13,303 = 13.34; P < .001). In terms of recovery progression, pre-event planning, overall response and recovery performance outcome, total time of disruption, and percent of people below poverty were significant (R2 = .15; F14,302 = 4.53; P < .001).ConclusionsEstablishment of empirical data provides communities with reinforcement to continue resilience-building activities at the local level. However, findings from this study suggest that only full-scale exercises were significant in improving response and recovery outcomes. Implications for re-evaluation of disaster training warrant further exploration.ZukowskiRS. The impact of adaptive capacity on disaster response and recovery: evidence supporting core community capabilities. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-8.
Correlation of X-Ray Dark-Field Radiography to Mechanical Sample Properties
Authors: Malecki Andreas , Eggl Elena , Schaff Florian , Potdevin Guillaume , Baum Thomas , Garcia Eduardo Grande , Bauer Jan S. , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe directional dark-field signal obtained with X-ray grating interferometry yields direction-dependent information about the X-ray scattering taking place inside the examined sample. It allows examination of its morphology without the requirement of resolving the micrometer size structures directly causing the scattering. The local morphology in turn gives rise to macroscopic mechanical properties of the investigated specimen. In this study, we investigate the relation between the biomechanical elasticity (Young’s modulus) and the measured directional dark-field parameters of a well-defined sample made of wood. In our proof-of-principle experiment, we found a correlation between Young’s modulus, the average dark-field signal, and the average dark-field anisotropy. Hence, we are able to show that directional dark-field imaging is a new method to predict mechanical sample properties. As grating interferometry provides absorption, phase-contrast, and dark-field data at the same time, this technique appears promising to combine imaging and mechanical testing in a single testing stage. Therefore, we believe that directional dark-field imaging will have a large impact in the materials science world.
Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis to Understand the Role of Tannin-Based Dyes in the Degradation of Historical Wool Textiles
Authors: Restivo Annalaura , Degano Ilaria , Ribechini Erika , Pérez-Arantegui Josefina , Colombini Maria Perla 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:An innovative approach, combining field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, is presented to investigate the degradation mechanisms affecting tannin-dyed wool. In fact, tannin-dyed textiles are more sensitive to degradation then those dyed with other dyestuffs, even in the same conservation conditions.FESEM-EDX was first used to study a set of 48 wool specimens (artificially aged) dyed with several raw materials and mordants, and prepared according to historical dyeing recipes. EDX analysis was performed on the surface of wool threads and on their cross-sections. In addition, in order to validate the model formulated by the analysis of reference materials, several samples collected from historical and archaeological textiles were subjected to FESEM-EDX analysis.FESEM-EDX investigations enabled us to reveal the correlation between elemental composition and morphological changes. In addition, aging processes were clarified by studying changes in the elemental composition of wool from the protective cuticle to the fiber core in cross-sections. Morphological and elemental analysis of wool specimens and of archaeological and historical textiles showed that the presence of tannins increases wool damage, primarily by causing a sulfur decrease and fiber oxidation.
ON THE ORGANIZATION OF ROUND ROBIN TOURNAMENTS WITH CONSTRAINTS
Authors: EGGAR M. H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA sporting league places every team into one of several divisions of equal size, and runs a round robin tournament for each division. Some teams are paired with another team, not necessarily in the same division, to share facilities. It is shown that however many teams are paired and whatever the pairings, it is always possible to schedule the fixtures in the minimum time, so that no two paired teams have home matches simultaneously.
Natural small-molecule enhancers of autophagy induce autophagic cell death in apoptosis-defective cells
Authors: Law Betty Yuen Kwan , Chan Wai Kit , Xu Su Wei , Wang Jing Rong , Bai Li Ping , Liu Liang , Wong Vincent Kam Wai 
Published: July 2014

AbstractResistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is a significant problem in oncology and the development of sensitising agents or small-molecules with new mechanisms of action to kill these cells is needed. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for the turnover of misfolded proteins or damaged organelles and it also recycles nutrients to maintain energy levels for cell survival. In some apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, autophagy can also enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs through autophagy-mediated mechanisms of cell death. Because the modulation of autophagic processes can be therapeutically useful to circumvent chemoresistance and enhance the effects of cancer treatment, the identification of novel autophagic enhancers for use in oncology is highly desirable. Many novel anti-cancer compounds have been isolated from natural products; therefore, we worked to discover natural, anti-cancer small-molecule enhancers of autophagy. Here, we have identified a group of natural alkaloid small-molecules that function as novel autophagic enhancers. These alkaloids, including liensinine, isoliensinine, dauricine and cepharanthine, stimulated AMPK-mTOR dependent induction of autophagy and autophagic cell death in a panel of apoptosis-resistant cells. Taken together, our work provides novel insights into the biological functions, mechanisms and potential therapeutic values of alkaloids for the induction of autophagy.
Plastic debris in the open ocean
Authors: Cózar Andrés , Echevarría Fidel , González-Gordillo J. Ignacio , Irigoien Xabier , Úbeda Bárbara , Hernández-León Santiago , Palma Álvaro T. , Navarro Sandra , García-de-Lomas Juan , Ruiz Andrea , Fernández-de-Puelles María L. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
High concentrations of floating plastic debris have been reported in remote areas of the ocean, increasing concern about the accumulation of plastic litter on the ocean surface. Since the introduction of plastic materials in the 1950s, the global production of plastic has increased rapidly and will continue in the coming decades. However, the abundance and the distribution of plastic debris in the open ocean are still unknown, despite evidence of affects on organisms ranging from small invertebrates to whales. In this work, we synthetize data collected across the world to provide a global map and a first-order approximation of the magnitude of the plastic pollution in surface waters of the open ocean.
Neurons in the human amygdala selective for perceived emotion
Authors: Wang Shuo , Tudusciuc Oana , Mamelak Adam N. , Ross Ian B. , Adolphs Ralph , Rutishauser Ueli 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Primates have a dedicated system to process faces. Neuroimaging, lesion, and electrophysiological studies find that the amygdala processes facial emotions. Here we recorded 210 neurons from 7 neurosurgical patients and asked whether amygdala responses are driven primarily by properties of the stimulus or by the perceptual judgments of the perceiver. Our finding shows, for the first time to our knowledge, that neurons in the human amygdala encode the subjective judgment of emotions shown in face stimuli, rather than simply their stimulus features.
Engineered nanomedicine for myeloma and bone microenvironment targeting
Authors: Swami Archana , Reagan Michaela R. , Basto Pamela , Mishima Yuji , Kamaly Nazila , Glavey Siobhan , Zhang Sufeng , Moschetta Michele , Seevaratnam Dushanth , Zhang Yong , Liu Jinhe , Memarzadeh Masoumeh , Wu Jun , Manier Salomon , Shi Jinjun , Bertrand Nicolas , Lu Zhi Ning , Nagano Kenichi , Baron Roland , Sacco Antonio , Roccaro Aldo M. , Farokhzad Omid C. , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Limited treatment options exist for cancer within the bone, as demonstrated by the inevitable, pernicious course of metastatic breast, prostate, and blood cancers. The difficulty of eliminating bone-residing cancer necessitates novel, alternative treatments to manipulate the tumor cells and their microenvironment, with minimal off-target effects. To this end, we engineered bone-homing, stealth nanoparticles to deliver anticancer, bone-stimulatory drugs, and demonstrated their utility with bortezomib (a model drug) and multiple myeloma (a model cancer). To test our hypothesis that increasing bone volume and strength inhibits tumor growth, mice were treated with these nanoparticles before being injected with cancer cells. Results demonstrated significantly slower myeloma growth and prolonged survival. Our research demonstrates the potential of bone-homing nanomedicine as an efficacious cancer treatment mechanism.
C-terminal propeptide is required for fibrillin-1 secretion and blocks premature assembly through linkage to domains cbEGF41-43
Authors: Jensen Sacha A. , Aspinall Georgia , Handford Penny A. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Fibrillin microfibrils are extracellular matrix assemblies that provide the connective tissues of metazoan species with many of their biomechanical properties. They are also involved in regulating the production of extracellular matrix through their interactions with growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β. The process of microfibril assembly and its regulation are poorly understood. We have investigated the role of the conserved C-terminal propeptide of fibrillin-1 using an in vitro microfibril assay in which HEK293T cells, transiently expressing a GFP-tagged variant of fibrillin-1, are cocultured with fibroblasts to produce a recombinant microfibril network. Our data show that the C-terminal propeptide plays a crucial role in preventing premature intracellular microfibril assembly.
Device design and materials optimization of conformal coating for islets of Langerhans
Authors: Tomei Alice A. , Manzoli Vita , Fraker Christopher A. , Giraldo Jaime , Velluto Diana , Najjar Mejdi , Pileggi Antonello , Molano R. Damaris , Ricordi Camillo , Stabler Cherie L. , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Cell encapsulation with biocompatible and permeable hydrogels may allow transplantation without immunosuppression. As an alternative to standard microencapsulation approaches that create single-sized capsules around cell clusters of different sizes, we have designed and optimized a novel approach for conformal coating of islets of Langerhans, resulting in thin, complete, and uniform coatings of similar thickness on differently sized islets. Coated islets exhibited no delay in glucose-stimulated insulin release or loss of function during culture, which is often observed with naked islets. The conformal coating reduces transplant volume relative to traditional encapsulation approaches. When transplanted in syngeneic diabetic mice, conformally coated islets restored and maintained euglycemia for more than 100 d with no foreign body reaction and normal revascularization.
A self-regulating template in human telomerase
Authors: Brown Andrew F. , Podlevsky Joshua D. , Qi Xiaodong , Chen Yinnan , Xie Mingyi , Chen Julian J.-L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The telomerase enzyme is essential for maintaining the replicative capacity of highly prolific cells, such as stem cells and cancer, by synthesizing telomeric DNA onto chromosome ends. Telomerase functions as an RNA–protein complex with an integral telomerase RNA (TR) component. While the templates from all other reverse transcriptases (RTs) merely specify the sequence for nucleotide addition, we found that the human TR template is embedded with a single-residue pausing signal for regulating DNA synthesis. Mutation of this pausing signal alters the fundamental function of telomerase for synthesizing exact telomeric DNA repeats. This is the first instance, to our knowledge, of a single-residue pausing signal found in the RNA template of an RT.
Primary cilia enhance kisspeptin receptor signaling on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons
Authors: Koemeter-Cox Andrew I. , Sherwood Thomas W. , Green Jill A. , Steiner Robert A. , Berbari Nicolas F. , Yoder Bradley K. , Kauffman Alexander S. , Monsma Paula C. , Brown Anthony , Askwith Candice C. , Mykytyn Kirk 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Mammalian central neurons typically possess solitary appendages called primary cilia. These rod-shaped protrusions are enriched for signaling proteins, suggesting they respond to extracellular neuromodulators. Yet, neuronal ciliary signaling has never been observed and the roles of cilia in neuronal function are unclear. This study identifies Kiss1r, which plays a key role in reproductive function, as a novel ciliary receptor on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. GnRH neurons possess multiple Kiss1r-positive cilia and the proportion of multiple cilia increases in parallel with pubertal maturation. Ablation of Kiss1r-positive cilia on GnRH neurons does not affect neuron migration or sexual maturation. However, kisspeptin-mediated increases in GnRH neuron firing rate are reduced in the absence of cilia. Thus, cilia enhance Kiss1r signaling on GnRH neurons.
Elite male faculty in the life sciences employ fewer women
Authors: Sheltzer Jason M. , Smith Joan C. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Despite decades of progress, men still greatly outnumber women among biology faculty in the United States. Here, we show that high-achieving faculty members who are male train 10–40% fewer women in their laboratories relative to the number of women trained by other investigators. These skewed employment patterns may result from self-selection among female scientists or they may result from conscious or unconscious bias on the part of some faculty members. The dearth of women who are trained in these laboratories likely limits the number of female candidates who are most competitive for faculty job searches.
Intravenously administered nanoparticles increase survival following blast trauma
Authors: Lashof-Sullivan Margaret M. , Shoffstall Erin , Atkins Kristyn T. , Keane Nickolas , Bir Cynthia , VandeVord Pamela , Lavik Erin B. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
We have developed hemostatic nanoparticles that reduce bleeding and increase survival in both the short term and long term following the complex injuries sustained during blast trauma. This treatment has the potential to be deployed by first responders to save lives.
Evolution of the ribosome at atomic resolution
Authors: Petrov Anton S. , Bernier Chad R. , Hsiao Chiaolong , Norris Ashlyn M. , Kovacs Nicholas A. , Waterbury Chris C. , Stepanov Victor G. , Harvey Stephen C. , Fox George E. , Wartell Roger M. , Hud Nicholas V. , Williams Loren Dean 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Ribosomes exist in every cell and are responsible for translation from mRNA to protein. The structure of the ribosomal common core is highly conserved in all living species, while the outer regions of the ribosome are variable. Ribosomal RNA of eukaryotes contains expansion segments accreted onto the surface of the core, which is nearly identical in structure to that in prokaryotic ribosomes. Comparing eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes allows us to identify 3D insertion fingerprints of the expansion segments. Similar fingerprints allow us to analyze the common core and detect ancestral expansion segments within it. We construct a molecular model of ribosomal evolution starting from primordial biological systems near the dawn of life, culminating with relatively recent changes specific to metazoans.
Serial propagation of distinct strains of Aβ prions from Alzheimer’s disease patients
Authors: Watts Joel C. , Condello Carlo , Stöhr Jan , Oehler Abby , Lee Joanne , DeArmond Stephen J. , Lannfelt Lars , Ingelsson Martin , Giles Kurt , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, which plays a central role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, exhibits many properties that are reminiscent of prions (self-propagating proteins that cause neurodegenerative disorders, such as mad cow disease). In the human prion diseases, distinct strains of prions can be distinguished, and therefore, we asked whether different strains of Aβ aggregates might exist in the brains of AD patients. Inoculation of transgenic mice with brain samples from patients with two different heritable forms of AD produced two distinct patterns of cerebral Aβ deposition, and these differences were maintained on serial passage. We conclude that distinct strains of Aβ can be discerned in AD patients, which may help to explain the clinical heterogeneity observed in the disease.