bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher bird abundance and diversity where American woodcock sing: Fringe benefits of managing forests for woodcock
Authors: Masse Roger J. , Tefft Brian C. , Mcwilliams Scott R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDeclines of early‐successional forest across the northeast United States during the past 60 years has caused declines in populations of associated birds and active forest management is necessary to reverse these trends. Land managers often focus on a few target species with hopes that non‐target species are also conserved, but the effectiveness of management for so‐called umbrella species is seldom verified. We compared bird assemblages at American woodcock (Scolopax minor) singing grounds and nearby, random forest sites to determine whether habitat management for woodcock benefits non‐target bird species. Early‐successional forest species were a key component of bird assemblages at singing grounds, but were largely absent from random forest sites. On average, the total number and diversity of birds were ≥1.5 times greater at singing grounds. We also found evidence for broader landscape differences in the number of bird species expected at singing grounds (n = 48; 95% CI = 41–56) and random forest sites (n = 34; 95% CI = 28–41). Our results indicate that forest management to support woodcock populations extends some conservation benefits to diverse non‐target bird species. Thus, the woodcock may serve as an effective umbrella species, especially for early‐successional forest birds, but complementary umbrella species should be considered to aid in the conservation of birds that breed in more mature forest. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Long‐term three‐dimensional volumetric assessment of skin tightening using a sharply tapered non‐insulated microneedle radiofrequency applicator with novel fractionated pulse mode in asians
Authors: Tanaka Yohei 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectiveNon‐insulated microneedle radiofrequency (NIMNRF) is a novel method that allows non‐thermal penetration of the epidermis followed by radiofrequency (RF) coagulation at selected depths of the dermis that are surrounded by a zone of non‐coagulative volumetric heating. The objective of this study was to investigate subjectively and objectively the efficacy of a single fractional NIMNRF treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty Japanese patients underwent full face skin tightening using a sharply tapered NIMNRF applicator with a novel fractionated pulse mode. The system platform (1MHZ) incorporated six independent phase controlled RF generators coupled to RF microneedles that induced skin remodeling via controlled dermal coagulation. Patients received from 500 to 1000 pulses that were 80–110 milliseconds in duration at a power of 10–14 W, and a 1.5–2.5 mm penetration depth. Topical anesthetic cream was applied before the treatment. Monthly three‐dimensional (3‐D) volumetric assessments were performed for 6 months after treatment. Patients rated their satisfaction using a 5‐point scale.ResultsDuring the study patients showed significant skin tightening on the lower two‐thirds of the face. Objective assessments with superimposed 3‐D color images showed significant median volumetric reduction of 12.1 ml at 6 months post‐treatment. Ninety percent of the patients were either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the treatment results. The treatments were well tolerated with minimal discomfort. Complications included a slight burning sensation and mild erythema that were minor and transitory; both resolved within 5 hours. Side effects such as post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, epidermal burns, and scar formation were not observed.ConclusionThe advantages of this NIMNRF treatment for skin tightening are its long‐lasting high efficacy as shown through 3‐D volumetric assessments. Moreover, NIMNRF produced minimal complications and downtime as well as few side effects. This non‐invasive novel fractional NIMNRF approach provides safe and effective treatment of skin tightening in Asian patients. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:626–633, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Completely J —positive linear systems of finite order
Authors: Gheondea Aurelian , Ober Raimund J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCompletely J — positive linear systems of finite order are introduced as a generalization of completely symmetric linear systems. To any completely J — positive linear system of finite order there is associated a defining measure with respect to which the transfer function has a certain integral representation. It is proved that these systems are asymptotically stable. The observability and reachability operators obey a certain duality rule and the number of negative squares of the Hankel operator is estimated. The Hankel operator is bounded if and only if a certain measure associated with the defining measure is of Carleson type. We prove that a real symmetric operator valued function which is analytic outside the unit disk has a realization with a completely J — symmetric linear space which is reachable, observable and parbalanced. Uniqueness and spectral minimality of the completely J — symmetric realizations are discussed.
On the oscillation of functional differential equations
Authors: Grace S. R. , Hamedani G. G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper we present certain criteria for the oscillation of functional differential equations of the form

where δ = ±1, p, g: [t0, ∞) → IR, H: [t0,∞) × IR → IR are continuous, p(t) ≥ 0 for t ≥ t0 and limt → ∞ g(t) — ∞. We like to point out that condition of the form

will not be employed.
Positive reynolds operators and generating derivations
Authors: Neeb Andreas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIt is shown that the spectrum of a positive Reynolds operator on C0(X) is contained in the disc centered at 1/2 with radius 1/2. Moreover, every positive Reynolds operator T with dense range is injective. In this case, the operator D = 1 — T−1 is a densely defined derivation, which generates a one — parameter semigroup of algebra homomorphisms. This semigroup yields an integral representation of T. Along the way, it is proved that a densely defined closed derivation D generates a semigroup if, and only if, R(1, D) exists and is a positive operator.
Compact complex threefolds which are Kähler outside a smooth rational curve
Authors: Alessandrini Lucia , Bassanelli Giovanni 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLet M be a compact complex manifold containing an irreducible curve C such that M — C is Kähler; in this paper we study the link between some cohomological properties of C and the obstructions to the existence of a Kähler metric on the whole of M. In particular we get that, if M is not Kähler, then C is a \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left({\partial + \bar \partial} \right) $\end{document} –exact current, or there exists a positive current S of bidimension (1, 1) such that \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \partial \bar \partial S = 0,\,\chi _C S = 0 $\end{document} and S + C is \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left({\partial + \bar \partial} \right) $\end{document} –exact. If C is a smooth rational curve, more precise results are given in connection with the normal bundle NC|M.
Advances in functional neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Metman Leo Verhagen , Slavin Konstantin V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFunctional neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease has become a mainstream concept with DBS as the prime modality. This article reviews the latest and, in the eyes of the authors, the most important developments in DBS, lesioning and gene therapy. In DBS, emerging advances have focused on the timing of surgery relative to disease duration and severity, and new targets, technologies, and equipment. For lesions, new ultrasound techniques are emerging based on successes in other movement disorders. Gene and cellular therapies, including stem cells, remain only in the research realm. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The motor inhibition system in Parkinson's disease with levodopa‐induced dyskinesias
Authors: Cerasa Antonio , Donzuso Giulia , Morelli Maurizio , Mangone Graziella , Salsone Maria , Passamonti Luca , Augimeri Antonio , Arabia Gennarina , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease is primarily a disorder of response initiation characterized by an excessive motor inhibition, whereas levodopa‐induced dyskinesias are clearly a clinical expression of disinhibition of movements.ObjectiveThat levodopa‐induced dyskinesias are linked to dysfunctions of inhibitory brain network has recently been proposed, but no investigation of behavioral performance during action inhibition task in these patients has been published.MethodsTwenty‐four Parkinson's disease patients with or without levodopa‐induced dyskinesias tested on or off their medications underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation during the execution of a stop‐signal inhibition task. In particular, we were interested in evaluating the neural correlates of stop‐related conditions: StopInhibit task (in which patients had to successfully inhibit their responses) and StopRespond task (Stop trials with erroneous button press). Both tasks were compared against Go trials.ResultsLevodopa intake in dyskinetic patients tended to worsen inhibitory control during the StopInhibit task, while significantly affecting the ability to monitor motor responses when patients failed to stop (StopRespond task). Functional analysis showed that, during the StopInhibit task, dyskinetic patients were characterized by decreased activity of the right inferior frontal cortex after levodopa intake, whereas patients without dyskinesias showed a reverse effect. A similar group × levodopa interaction effect was detected in the medial frontal cortex during the execution of the StopRespond task, in which dyskinetic patients showed increased activity after dopaminergic therapyConclusionsOur study demonstrated that levodopa intake in dyskinetic patients tends to alter the functioning of some parts of the neural network involved in motor inhibition. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Purinergic signaling in the ovary
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez Angélica S. , Vázquez‐Cuevas Francisco G. 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released from the cell by multiple mechanisms. The extracellular form of this purine is processed by ectonucleotidases, resulting in a variety of dephosphorylated metabolites that can bind to specific receptors found in the membrane of target cells; such purinergic signaling is important as an autocrine‐paracrine intercellular communication system that influences tissue physiology. In this review, we summarize the studies analyzing purinergic activity in the ovary, which can modulate cellular physiology—including sensitivity to gonadotropins—in several ovarian cell types, including the cumulus‐cell complex, granulosa cells, theca cells, and the ovarian surface epithelium. These functions support a role for ATP as an important intra‐ovarian messenger, and open new lines of research that can improve our understanding of mechanisms regulating ovarian function and the fine‐tuning of folliculogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 839–848, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper and iron complexes as visible‐light‐sensitive photoinitiators of polymerization
Authors: Xiao Pu , Zhang Jing , Campolo Damien , Dumur Frederic , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe utilization of visible lights for the fabrication of polymeric materials is recognized as a promising and environmentally friendly approach. This process relies on the photochemical generation of reactive species (e.g., radicals, radical cations, or cations) from well‐designed photoinitiators (PIs) or photoinitiating systems (PISs) to initiate the polymerization reactions of different monomers (acrylates, methacrylates, epoxides, and vinyl ethers). In spite of the fact that metal complexes such as ruthenium‐ or iridium‐based complexes have found applications in organic and polymer synthesis, the search of other low‐cost metal‐based complexes as PISs is emerging and attracting increasing attentions. Particularly, the concept of the photoredox catalysis has appeared recently as a unique tool for polymer synthesis upon soft conditions (use of light emitting diodes and household lamp). This highlight focuses on recently designed copper and iron complexes as PI catalysts in the application of photoinduced polymerizations (radical, cationic, interpenetrated polymer networks, and thiol‐ene) or controlled radical polymerization under visible light irradiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2673–2684
Embedded GaN nanostripes on c‐sapphire for DFB lasers with semipolar quantum wells
Authors: Leute Robert A. R. , Heinz Dominik , Wang Junjun , Meisch Tobias , Müller Marcus , Schmidt Gordon , Metzner Sebastian , Veit Peter , Bertram Frank , Christen Jürgen , Martens Martin , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael , Jenisch Stefan , Strehle Steffen , Rettig Oliver , Thonke Klaus , Scholz Ferdinand 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGaN based laser diodes with semipolar quantum wells are typically grown on free‐standing pseudo‐substrates of small size. We present an approach to create a distributed‐feedback (DFB) laser with semipolar quantum wells (QWs) on c‐oriented templates. The templates are based on 2‐inch sapphire wafers, the method could easily be adapted to larger diameters which are available commercially. GaN nanostripes with triangular cross‐section are grown by selective area epitaxy (SAE) and QWs are grown on their semipolar side facets. The nanostripes are completely embedded and can be sandwiched inside a waveguide. For optical pumping, open waveguide structures with only a bottom cladding are used. Using nanoimprint lithography, stripe masks with 250 nm periodicity were fabricated over the whole wafer area. The periodicity corresponds to a 3rd order DFB structure for a laser emitting in the blue wavelength regime. These samples were analyzed structurally by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and spatio‐spectrally by cathodoluminescence (CL) inside a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Samples with an undoped cap are pumped optically for stimulated emission. To prove the feasibility of realizing a 2nd order DFB structure with this approach, stripes with a 170 nm periodicity are fabricated by electron beam lithography and SAE.
Ca3[BN2]I3: The First Halide‐Rich Alkaline Earth Nitrido­borate with Isolated [BN2]3– Units
Authors: Ezgi Toros Turna , Yahyaoglu Müjde , Aydemir Umut , Drathen Christina , Akselrud Lev , Prots Yurii , Höhn Peter , Somer Mehmet 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe title compound Ca3[BN2]I3 was obtained from reactions of mixtures of the starting materials Ca3[BN2]2 and CaI2 in a 1:4 ratio in sealed Nb tubes at 1223 K. The crystal structure was solved from powder synchrotron diffraction data. Ca3[BN2]I3 is the first example of a halide‐rich nitridoborate crystallizing in the rhombohedral space group R32 [no. 155, Pearson code: hR96; Z = 12; a = 16.70491(2) Å, c = 12.41024(2) Å]. The crystal structure is built up by two interpenetrating networks of condensed edge‐sharing [BN2]@Ca6 and [□]@I6 trigonal antiprisms (□ = void). In Ca3[BN2]I3 two crystallograhically distinct [BN2]3– anions are present with d(B1–N) = 1.393(2) Å and d(B2–N) = 1.369(9) Å. Their bond angles are practically linear, varying only slightly: N–B1–N = 179(1)° and N–B2–N = 180°. Vibrational spectra were interpreted based on the D∞h symmetry of the discrete linear [N–B–N]3– moieties, considering the site symmetry reduction and the presence of two distinct [BN2]3– groups.
Roles of the NF-κB Pathway in B-Lymphocyte Biology
Authors: Sasaki Yoshiteru , Iwai Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
NF-κB was originally identified as a family of transcription factors that bind the enhancer of the immunoglobulin κ light-chain gene. Although its function in the regulation of immunoglobulin κ light-chain gene remains unclear, NF-κB plays critical roles in development, survival, and activation of B lymphocytes. In B cells, many receptors, including B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), activate NF-κB pathway, and the molecular mechanism of receptor-mediated activation of IκB kinase (IKK) complex has been partially revealed. In addition to normal B lymphocytes, NF-κB is also involved in the growth of some types of B-cell lymphomas, and many oncogenic mutations involved in constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway were recently identified in such cancers. In this review, we first summarize the function of NF-κB in B-cell development and activation, and then describe recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of receptor-mediated activation of the IKK complex, focusing on the roles of the ubiquitin system. In the last section, we describe oncogenic mutations that induce NF-κB activation in B-cell lymphoma.
Disruptive behavior disorders and indicators of disinhibition in adolescents: The BRIEF‐SR, anti‐saccade task, and D‐KEFS color–word interference test
Authors: Long E.C. , Hill J. , Luna B. , Verhulst B. , Clark D.B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDisinhibition contributes to the development of disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) in adolescents. Self‐reports and behavioral tasks are commonly used to assess disinhibition, each with their unique strengths and limitations. Accordingly, it is important to identify which measure, or combination thereof, is the most effective in predicting DBD symptoms. This study assessed the relationship between DBD (symptoms of ADHD/ODD/CD) and two behavioral disinhibition tasks: the anti‐saccade task and the D‐KEFS color–word interference test, as well as a self‐report measure (the BRIEF‐SR). The results indicated that the BRIEF‐Inhibit scale accounted for the majority of the variance in the DBD sum score. The anti‐saccade task and color–word interference test were also significantly associated with an increase in the number of DBD symptoms endorsed. These behavioral tasks accounted for 9% additional variance than the self‐report alone. Therefore, combining self‐report measures with behavioral disinhibition tasks may provide the most thorough assessment of adolescent DBD.
Plasma pro-inflammatory markers in chronic neuropathic pain: A multivariate, comparative, cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Bäckryd Emmanuel , Ghafouri Bijar , Larsson Britt , Gerdle Björn 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system, neuropathic pain is notoriously difficult to treat with conventional analgesics. It has been suggested that inflammatory cytokines play a role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. But human studies of these substances are relatively few and partly contradictory.

Objectives
To simultaneously investigate the plasma levels of chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) and the cytokines IL-6, IL-1 β, and Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain (most of whom due to failed back surgery syndrome) (n = 14) compared to controls (n = 17).

Results
IL-6 was significantly higher in patients than in controls (0.92 ± 0.12 pg/ml vs. 0.57 ± 0.08 pg/ml, p = 0.012). IL-1 ß, IL-8, and GM-CSF levels did not differ between the two groups. A multivariate analysis showed a tendency for patients also to have higher GM-CSF plasma levels than controls.

Conclusions
This study found an increased level of IL-6 in plasma in patients with neuropathic pain, but not for the other pro-inflammatory substances investigated. There are several possible confounders not registered or controlled for in this and other studies of neuropathic pain.

Implications
Larger studies that take several possible confounders into consideration are needed to further investigate the levels of plasma cytokines in different pain conditions.
Universal statistics of point vortex turbulence
Authors: Esler J. G. , Ashbee T. L. 
Published: August 2015

A new methodology, based on the central limit theorem, is applied to describe the statistical mechanics of two-dimensional point vortex motion in a bounded container $\mathscr{D}$, as the number of vortices $N$ tends to infinity. The key to the approach is the identification of the normal modes of the system with the eigenfunction solutions of the so-called hydrodynamic eigenvalue problem of the Laplacian in $\mathscr{D}$. The statistics of the projection of the vorticity distribution onto these eigenfunctions (‘vorticity projections’) are then investigated. The statistics are used first to obtain the density-of-states function and caloric curve for the system, generalising previous results to arbitrary (neutral) distributions of vortex circulations. Explicit expressions are then obtained for the microcanonical (i.e. fixed energy) probability density functions of the vorticity projections in a form that can be compared directly with direct numerical simulations of the dynamics. The energy spectra of the resulting flows are predicted analytically. Ensembles of simulations with $N=100$, in several conformal domains, are used to make a comprehensive validation of the theory, with good agreement found across a broad range of energies. The probability density function of the leading vorticity projection is of particular interest because it has a unimodal distribution at low energy and a bimodal distribution at high energy. This behaviour is indicative of a phase transition, known as Onsager–Kraichnan condensation in the literature, between low-energy states with no mean flow in the domain and high-energy states with a coherent mean flow. The critical temperature for the phase transition, which depends on the shape but not the size of $\mathscr{D}$, and the associated critical energy are found. Finally the accuracy and the extent of the validity of the theory, at finite $N$, are explored using a Markov chain phase-space sampling method.