bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Screening Methods and Mortality Data Among Hungarian Primary care Population: Preliminary Results of the First Government-Financed Managed care Program / Primerjava Metod Presejanja Ogroženosti Srčno-Žilnega Sistema In Podatkov O Smrtnosti Madžarskega Prebivalstva Z Osnovno Zdravstveno Oskrbo: Predhodni Rezultati Prvega Programa Vodene Oskrbe, Ki Ga Je Financirala Vlada
Authors: Móczár Csaba , Rurik Imre 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction. Besides participation in the primary prevention, screening as secondary prevention is an important requirement for primary care services. The effect of this work is influenced by the characteristics of individual primary care practices and doctors’ screening habits, as well as by the regulation of screening processes and available financial resources. Between 1999 and 2009, a managed care program was introduced and carried out in Hungary, financed by the government. This financial support and motivation gave the opportunity to increase the number of screenings.
Method. 4,462 patients of 40 primary care practices were screened on the basis of SCORE risk assessment. The results of the screening were compared on the basis of two groups of patients, namely: those who had been pre-screened (pre-screening method) for known risk factors in their medical history (smoking, BMI, age, family cardiovascular history), and those randomly screened. The authors also compared the mortality data of participating primary care practices with the regional and national data.
Results. The average score was significantly higher in the pre-screened group of patients, regardless of whether the risk factors were considered one by one or in combination. Mortality was significantly lower in the participating primary practices than had been expected on the basis of the national mortality data.
Conclusion. This government-financed program was a big step forward to establish a proper screening method within Hungarian primary care. Performing cardiovascular screening of a selected target group is presumably more appropriate than screening within a randomly selected population. Both methods resulted in a visible improvement in regional mortality data, though it is very likely that with pre-screening a more cost-effective selection for screening may be obtained.
Some Complex Compounds of Neptunium (IV) and Related Ions
Authors: Ishimori Tomitaro , Nakamura Eiko 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The phenylarsonate, oxalate, mandelate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate of neptunium (IV) were radiochemically surveyed by the solvent extraction technique. An equation given by SCHUBERT as well as another one evolved by ISHIMORI for the composition of complex compounds, were applied to the measured distribution ratios in a di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-phosphoric acid-hydrochloric acid system containing a complexing agent. The determined molar ratios of the complexing agents: neptunium (IV) were 2, 4 and 1 for phenylarsonate, oxalate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, respectively. No mandelate of neptunium (IV) was observed in the acidity range studied. The dissociation constants for most of the complex compounds were calculated.
Hot Electron Chemistry
Authors: Walton G. N. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Some features of the present position on theories of the chemical effects of nuclear transformation are briefly reviewed. It is suggested that theories based on the transfer of energy by elastic collisions of recoiling atoms are not adequate to explain many of the experimental observations. Instead it is shown that electronic excitation, the transfer of energy between electrons, and the consequent loss of valency bonding or its rearrangement, are likely to be of primary importance for explaining these effects.
Bestimmung von Spuren Protaetinium-231
Authors: Scherff Hans-Ludwig , Herrmann Günter 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren können noch 10-5 ppm Protactinium-231 in 10-g-Proben bestimmt werden. Nach Auslaugen der Probe mit Plußsäure-Perchlorsäure oder Flußsäure-Schwefelsäure und Abrauchen der Flußsäure wird das Protactinium durch Natronlauge an Oxidhydraten mitgefällt. Der Niederschlag wird in einer Mischung von 6 m Salzsäure und 0,5 bis 3 m Mußsäure gelöst; daraus werden Eisen, Niob und Tantal mit Diisobutylcarbinol ausgeschüttelt. Anschließend wird Fluorid durch Aluminiumionen komplex gebunden und Protactinium mit demselben Lösungsmittel extrahiert. Die
γ-
oder α-Zählrate des Extraktes gibt den Gehalt an Protactinium-231.
The Extraction of Thorium from Nitric Acid Solutions by a Quaternary Ammonium Nitrate (Aliquat-336)
Authors: Gerontopulos P. , Rigali L. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The extraction of thorium from nitric acid solutions into xylene solutions of a quaternary ammonium salt (Aliquat-336) has been investigated. Aliquat-336 presenta a high affinity for thorium with a maximum of extraction in the range 3-4 M HNO3.
The species extracted into organic phase appears to be Th(NO3)6
2-.
Rapid Separation of Technetium from Fission Products
Authors: Goldstein Gerald , Dean John A. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The solvent extraction of technetium, as pertechnetate ion, with cyclohexanone was studied and proved to be an unusually rapid, efficient, and selective method of separation. This separation was applied in the determination of the number of fissions occurring in a short irradiation of uranium by measurement of 99mTc, and to the separation of 99Tc from long-lived fission products for burnup analysis.
Die Verwendung des flüssigen Ionenaustauschers „PC-Amin-KM sec“ bei der Bestimmung von 131J
Authors: Zaduban M. , Brutovský M. , Liptáková G. , Baňas J. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Konzentrierung und Bestimmung von 181J bei Anwendung des flüssigen Anex PC-Amin-KM sec in CCl4 mit der Möglichkeit einer quantitativen Auswertung des 131J-Gehaltes in Wasser und biologischen Materialien beschrieben. Es wurde der Einfluß von konkurrierenden Ionen, des p
H-Wertes, der Jodid-Konzentration und der Phasen-Volumina untersucht. Die Aktivität von 131J wurde direkt durch Verwendung einer Lösung des flüssigen Ionenaustauschers gemessen. Es wurde eine spezifische Aktivität in der Größenordnung von 9 · 10-8
μc/ml nach der Konzentrierung von 131J durch Ionex festgestellt.
Kinetics of the Isotopic Exchange between 1-Iodo-2,4-Dinitronaphthalene and Iodides in Acetone
Authors: Marcopoulos Christos A. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The isotopic exchange reaction between 1-iodo-2,4-dinitronaphthalene and potassium iodide has been followed in acetone solution using iodine-131 as tracer, at various temperatures and over a wide range of concentration of iodide ion. To separate the organic from the inorganic compound a toluene-water extraction method was applied and to follow the increasing activity of the organic compound, a liquid scintillator technique has been adopted. Specific rates and the Arrhenius parameters have been calculated.
Spaltproduktabgabe von beschichteten Brennstoffpartikeln nach der Reaktor-Bestrahlung
Authors: Riedel H. J. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Bei dem Betrieb von gasgekühlten Hochtemperatur-Reaktoren werden mit Pyrokohlenstoff und Siliciumcarbid beschichtete Kernbrenn- und Brutstoffe verwendet. Das Rückhaltevermögen dieser Umhüllungen für gasförmige und feste Uranspaltprodukte, sowie der Transport der Spaltprodukte durch den die Partikeln umgebenden Graphit bestimmt den möglichen Grad einer Kontamination des Kühlkreislaufs.
Im Rahmen eines Nachuntersuchungsprogramms über das Verhalten verschiedener Partikeltypen in Abhängigkeit von der Betriebstemperatur, dem Abbrand und der geometrischen Unterbringung der Partikeln, untersuchten wir radiochemisch die Spaltproduktverteilung in dem die Partikeln umgebenden Graphit.
Für die analytische Trennung und Bestimmung der Spaltelemente bedienten wir uns der Destillation, der Fällung, der Flüssigkeitsextraktion und der Ionenaustauschtechnik. Die Methoden werden kurz beschrieben. Auf diese Weise können 12 Spaltnuklide bestimmt werden. Eine auffällig hohe Beweglichkeit wurde für die Spaltelemente Ba, Sr und Y beobachtet. Die Abgabe von anderen Spaltprodukten mit hoher Spaltausbeute liegt wesentlich tiefer.
Einige die Spaltproduktabgabe beeinflussenden Parameter werden diskutiert.
Migrantes latinoamericanos más allá de la frontera norte
Authors: Vejar Pérez-Rubio Carlos 
Published: June 2015

<p class="p1">El tema de los migrantes latinoamericanos en Estados Unidos y Canadá es analizado en este ensayo partiendo del concepto antropológico de los viajes, que han estado asociados siempre al género humano, en todas las culturas y ámbitos geográficos, desde los nómadas de la prehistoria hasta los turistas de la actualidad. Se advierte en el análisis que este fenómeno ha sido crucial para el desarrollo de las diversas civilizaciones, que se han forjado en buena medida con el tránsito e incorporación de individuos y grupos ajenos, si bien muchas veces con problemas, como es el caso hoy en día de <span class="s1">la masiva corriente de migrantes que pasan de los países subdesarrollados a los desarrollados en busca de condiciones adecuadas para una vida digna, inaccesible en sus países de origen. Los millones de trabajadores migrantes de Latinoamérica que se encuentran en </span>Estados Unidos y Canadá <span class="s1">son un buen ejemplo de ello. </span></p>
Radiographie de l’immersion dans l’enseignement supérieur en Suisse et à l’Université de Fribourg : les pré-requis nécessaires
Authors: Gohard-Radenkovic Aline 
Published: June 2015

De nos jours, la notion d’immersion est le plus souvent liée à celle d’éducation bilingue, proposant des dispositifs qui réinventent en quelque sorte l’appropriation naturelle d’une langue étrangère ou seconde dans le cadre de politiques linguistiques officielles. Toutefois l’immersion naturelle en langues existe depuis le Moyen-Âge en Europe, notamment en Suisse, surtout dans les régions frontalières. Que s’est-il passé entre-temps pour que le dispositif de l’immersion soit devenu l’atout majeur au service de cette éducation bilingue ? Après avoir brièvement rappelé les différentes conceptions et réalisations de l’immersion, nous examinerons les dispositifs existants de l’immersion dans l’enseignement supérieur en Suisse. Nous nous arrêterons à l’Université officiellement bilingue de Fribourg (français–allemand) où nous analyserons les offres d’immersion, plus spécifiquement le programme Bilingue Plus. Enfin nous nous demanderons quels sont les pré-requis de cette éducation au bi/plurilinguisme à l’heure où les apprenants pourraient simplement se contenter de l’apprentissage d’une seule langue, l’anglais.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Combat- and Non–Combat-Associated Traumatic Brain Injury Severity in the Veterans Health Administration: 2004–2010
Authors: Dismuke Clara E. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Yeager Derik , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We examined the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and combat exposure by race/ethnicity. Methods. We estimated logit models of the fully adjusted association of combat exposure with TBI severity in separate race/ethnicity models for a national cohort of 132 995 veterans with TBI between 2004 and 2010. Results. Of veterans with TBI, 25.8% had served in a combat zone. Mild TBI increased from 11.5% to 40.3%, whereas moderate or severe TBI decreased from 88.5% to 59.7%. Moderate or severe TBI was higher in non-Hispanic Blacks (80.0%) and Hispanics (89.4%) than in non-Hispanic Whites (71.9%). In the fully adjusted all-race/ethnicity model, non-Hispanic Blacks (1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37, 1.52) and Hispanics (1.47; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.72) had higher odds of moderate or severe TBI than did non-Hispanic Whites. However, combat exposure was associated with higher odds of mild TBI in non-Hispanic Blacks (2.48; 95% CI = 2.22, 2.76) and Hispanics (3.42; 95% CI = 1.84, 6.35) than in non-Hispanic Whites (2.17; 95% CI = 2.09, 2.26). Conclusions. Research is needed to understand racial differences in the effect of combat exposure on mild TBI and on interventions to prevent TBI across severity levels.
Considerations Before Establishing an Environmental Health Registry
Authors: Antao Vinicius C. , Muravov Oleg I. , Sapp James , Larson Theodore C. , Pallos L. Laszlo , Sanchez Marchelle E. , Williamson G. David , Horton D. Kevin 
Published: June 2015

Public health registries can provide valuable information when health consequences of environmental exposures are uncertain or will likely take long to develop. They can also aid research on diseases that may have environmental causes that are not completely well defined. We discuss factors to consider when deciding whether to create an environmental health registry. Those factors include public health significance, purpose and outcomes, duration and scope of data collection and availability of alternative data sources, timeliness, availability of funding and administrative capabilities, and whether the establishment of a registry can adequately address specific health concerns. We also discuss difficulties, limitations, and benefits of exposure and disease registries, based on the experience of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Life-Course Partnership Status and Biomarkers in Midlife: Evidence From the 1958 British Birth Cohort
Authors: Ploubidis George B. , Silverwood Richard J. , DeStavola Bianca , Grundy Emily 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We examined the association between trajectories of partnership status over the life course and objectively measured health indicators in midlife.Methods. We used data from 4 waves (1981, 1991, 2000, and 2002–2004) of the British National Child Development Study (NCDS), a prospective cohort study that includes all people born in Britain during 1 week in March 1958 (n = 18 558).Results. After controlling for selection attributable to early-life and early-adulthood characteristics, we found that life-course trajectories of partnership status were associated with hemostatic and inflammatory markers, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and respiratory function in midlife. Never marrying or cohabiting was negatively associated with health in midlife for both genders, but the effect was more pronounced in men. Women who had married in their late 20s or early 30s and remained married had the best health in midlife. Men and women in cohabiting unions had midlife health outcomes similar to those in formal marriages.Conclusions. Partnership status over the life course has a cumulative effect on a wide range of objectively measured health indicators in midlife.
Valorisation du biogaz par moteur à allumage commandé : Une approche méthodologique du dimensionnement
Authors: Bereza M. , Le Corre O. , Tazerout M. 
Published: June 2015

The size of an electric power plant using biogaz has to be achieved by the development of a model designed to integrate fuel quality and quantity evolutions throughout life duration of the power plant. A description by “grey box” for the biogaz combustion in spark ignition engines allows to estimate the electric power output. The biogaz composition is featured by “typical days”. The investment decision is generally based on economical criteria, the electric trade, the investment and the maintenance costs are introduced. Results show the optimal power output to install according to the available biogaz flow-rate. The “bottom price” for the electric power, which is the minimum price beneath such a project can not make any profit, is presented.
Le dimensionnement d'une installation de production d'électricité utilisant du biogaz nécessite de mettre au point un modèle permettant d'intégrer les changements de quantité et de qualité du combustible durant la durée de vie de l'installation. Une description de type « boite grise » de la combustion du biogaz dans les moteurs à allumage commandé permet d'obtenir la puissance électrique produite en fonction du combustible. Les caractéristiques du biogaz sont modélisées par « journées types ». La décision d'investissement se faisant principalement sur un critère financier, cette analyse introduit la recette électrique, le coût de revient lié à l'investissement et la maintenance. Les résultats présentés permettent de connaître la puissance à installer en fonction du débit de biogaz. Une présentation du « prix plancher », prix minimum pour qu'un projet soit rentable, est présentée.
L’outil gestion des déchets ménagers d'Ecobilan
Authors: Boidot-Forget Marc , Monier Véronique 
Published: June 2015

Ecobilan has developed a software tool designed to assess the environmental burdens of any collection-sorting-downstream treatment scheme of any domestic waste. The tool allows any comparison between alternative waste management scenarios, including incineration, recycling, landfilling. A special emphasis is put on the user's interface, which enables easy and quick navigation through the tool. The construction of the system and the calculations are automatically performed upon request by TEAMTM, Ecobilan's Life Cycle Assessment software tool. Sets of graphics can be generated and give insight into the inventory of the flows (around 150 are listed) and into a large set of environmental impacts (around 20 can be computed).
Ecobilan a développé un logiciel d'évaluation des impacts sur l'environnement associé à différents types de traitement des déchets ménagers. L'outil permet de comparer différents scénarios de traitement des déchets, dont l'incinération, le recyclage, la mise en décharge. Une attention particulière a été consacrée à l'interface utilisateur, qui permet de se déplacer rapidement entre les différentes parties du logiciel. La construction du système et les calculs sont effectués automatiquement avec TEAMTM, le logiciel d'Ecobilan de calcul des analyses du cycle de vie. Des jeux de graphiques peuvent alors être tracés et permettre de représenter les flux comptabilisés (environ 150) et les impacts sur l'environnement disponibles dans l'outil (environ 20).
Mellom samfunnsstrukturer og profesjon: om avgrensning, kultivering og premisser for adekvat skjønnsutøvelse i legerollen
Authors: Bærøe Kristine 
Published: June 2015

Denne artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i et skille mellom samfunnsstrukturer som avgrenser legers skjønnsmessige utfoldelse på den ene siden, og profesjonens tilrettelegging for kultiveringen av erkjennelsesmessige ferdigheter på den annen. Ved å videreføre H. Grimen og A. Molanders anvendelse av S.E. Toulmins modell for praktisk resonnering i en klinisk kontekst redegjør jeg for legeskjønnets multidimensjonale, epistemiske struktur. Gjennomgangen viser hvordan skjønnsanvendelse i legerollen kan analyseres i henhold til en fagteknisk, en distributiv og en relasjonell dimensjon. Mot denne bakgrunnen diskuterer jeg så spenninger som oppstår i skjæringspunktet mellom strukturering og kultivering av skjønnets ulike dimensjoner. Diskusjonen tydeliggjør at den medisinske profesjonen ikke kan betraktes som en selvtilstrekkelig premissleverandør når det gjelder å sikre adekvat kultivering av medlemmenes skjønnsutøvelse i en klinisk kontekst. Ved å synliggjøre og vektlegge de relevante profesjonseksterne bidragene i profesjonens pågående selvregulering kan befolkningens berettigete tillit til profesjonen styrkes ytterligere.Nøkkelord: strukturelt skjønn, epistemisk skjønn, profesjon, selvregulering, tillitEnglish summary: In Between Structures of Society and Profession: On Delimitation, Cultivation and Premises for Adequately Exercising Judgment in the Role as PhysicianThe point of departure of this article is a distinction between societal structures that delimit the discretion of the physician on the one hand and the profession's arrangements for the cultivation of the physician's judgment on the other. By developing H. Grimen and A. Molander's application of S.E. Toulmin's model for practical reasoning in a clinical context, the multi-dimensional epistemic structure of the physician's judgment in terms of technical, distributive, and relational judgment is accounted for. Against this backdrop, tensions emerging in the intersection between delimitation and cultivation of professional judgment in its various dimensions are discussed. The discussion clarifies that the medical profession is not a self-sufficient provider when it comes to ensuring an adequate cultivation of its members' judgment in a clinical context. It is argued that by emphasising and implementing the relevant external contributions to the profession's ongoing self-regulation, the public's justified trust in the medical profession can be strengthened.
Shear zone broadening controlled by thermal pressurization and poroelastic effects during model earthquakes
Authors: Chen J. , Rempel A. W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs a result of the comminution that takes place over numerous earthquake cycles, mature faults are characterized by thick layers of pulverized gouge with finite porosity that is saturated with water at seismogenic depths. The heat generated during earthquakes raises the gouge temperature and thermal expansion of the pore fluid, and surrounding solids produce elevated pore pressures that cause fault strength to decrease in the process known as thermal pressurization. Building upon this framework, we describe a model that imposes a plane‐strain configuration and shows that the stress variations caused by porothermoelasticity promote the Mohr‐Coulomb failure of previously undeformed regions. Except in special cases where the friction is rate strengthening, we find that the frictional strength must vary throughout the post‐failure region, which we identify in our model with the shear zone. We introduce a strain rate function that describes the overall influence of distributed slip on energy dissipation and fault strength as the shear zone thickness expands. Using typical fault parameters at 7 km depth, the shear zone reaches several millimeters of thickness after 1 s sliding at an overall rate of 1 m/s. The expansion of the shear zone limits the temperature rise to several hundred degrees Celsius, and the average fault strength falls to about a tenth of the static frictional strength.
The Total Synthesis of Heraclemycin B through β‐Ketosulfoxide and Aldehyde Annulation
Authors: Jones Kieran D. , Rixson James E. , Skelton Brian W. , Gericke Kersten M. , Stewart Scott G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHerein we describe a total synthesis of the natural product heraclemycin B. This synthetic approach follows a Diels–Alder strategy to form the anthracenone core followed by a β‐ketosulfoxide and aldehyde annulation to form the 4‐pyranone D ring. The spectral data for the synthesized product matches that reported in the isolation studies.
Immobilization of cationic polyelectrolyte on polystyrene spheres and adsorption for model whitewater contaminants
Authors: Xiao He , He Beihai , Li Junrong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPolystyrene (PS) spheres with cationic polyelectrolyte brushes were prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) from cross‐linked PS spheres. These PS spheres were subsequently modified by reaction with chloroacetyl chloride and S,S‐Bis(α,α’‐dimethyl‐α”‐acetic acid) trithiocarbonate to serve as macro chain transfer agents (macro‐CTAs). Methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (MAC) was then grafted from these macro‐CTAs of PS spheres to obtain cationic PS spheres. FT‐IR, 13C‐NMR, SEM, element analysis, and TGA techniques were applied to investigate and optimize the structure of PS spheres. The cationic PS spheres loading 1.35 mmol/g poly‐MAC were used as absorbents for removal of polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and sodium ligninsulfonate (lignin‐Na). Adsorption capacity of cationic PS spheres could reach 3 mg PGA/g and 24 mg lignin‐Na/g, respectively. Moreover, adsorption isotherm data of PGA were described by Langmuir‐Freundlich model, whereas lignin‐Na conformed to Langmuir model. Kinetic studies suggested that dissolved substances (PGA and lignin‐Na) could diffuse into the pores of cationic PS spheres. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42509.