bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women, Infant and Children (WIC) Peer Counselor Contact with First Time Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Campbell Lisa A. , Wan Jim , Speck Patricia M. , Hartig Margaret T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to determine whether singleton women who had not previously breastfed and who had a women, infant and children (WIC) peer counselor were more likely to initiate breastfeeding than women not exposed to the WIC peer counselor.Design and SampleThe retrospective cross‐sectional study used data from the 2009 Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) WIC Infant Feeding Practices Survey (IFPS) administered through 73 local WIC agencies. Of the 5,427 responses to the 2009 Texas DSHS WIC IFP Survey, 56.6% (N = 3,070) were included in this study.MeasuresThe Texas DSHS WIC IFPS, a 55‐item survey with multiple‐choice and two open‐ended questions, was used to evaluate breastfeeding beliefs, attitudes, and practices among women receiving WIC services.ResultsWomen who had peer counselor contact during pregnancy, in the hospital, and after delivery were more likely to initiate breastfeeding than women without such contacts, OR = 1.36, 2.06, 1.85, respectively.ConclusionWomen's decision to initiate breastfeeding is significantly associated with WIC peer counselor contacts. Continued WIC peer counselor program services may increase breastfeeding initiation rates among WIC participants.
Numerical modelling of the late stage of subduction zone transference after an accretion event
Authors: Simakin Alexander G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe resumption of subduction of an oceanic plate at a contact with a docked island (continental) margin is modelled numerically in 2D. The mechanical properties of the crustal and mantle rock masses are treated with visco‐plastic rheologies where the viscosities are described by a dynamic power law phenomenologically accounting for the transient texture evolution of the deforming rock masses. The study is limited to the extreme case of a fluid weakened lithosphere characterized by a uniform effective yield stress. At a constant push of 8 cm a−1, the shear zones split the oceanic slab into blocks at the contact with the island. At a moderate yield stress (σY < 80 MPa) and normal relaxation rate of viscosity, subduction resumes in less than ca 1 Ma. High σY = 100 MPa leads to the island edge bending. A detached block of the island is subducted after the plunge of the oceanic plate reverses.
SU‐E‐I‐27: Evaluation of Dose Reduction by the Clinical Implementation of a Noise Reducing Image Processing Algorithm for Neurointerventional Procedures
Authors: Omar A , Marteinsdottir M , Palmgren C , Mauti M , Soderman M , Boon S 
Published: July 2013

Purpose: To quantify the change in registered patient and staff dose indicators, i.e., KAP and CAK, and to evaluate if any detrimental effects on the treatment response are introduced, by the clinical implementation of a noise reducing algorithm for neurointerventional procedures. Methods: An image processing algorithm, ClarityIQ, for the AlluraClarity (Product not yet available in the US) system has been developed by Philips (Philips Healthcare Best, The Netherlands) to achieve advanced real time noise reduction in fluoroscopy and digital subtraction angiography. With the implementation of the noise reducing algorithm, an equivalent image quality can be achieved with reduced exposure by optimizing the system settings, consequently modifying the emitted photon spectrum.A retrospective study was performed where exposure dose data with the new system settings (January–June 2012; 174 diagnostic and 138 interventional cases) was compared with data for the prior system settings (January–June 2010; 190 diagnostic and 112 interventional cases). The data was categorized according to type of diagnostic or interventional procedure. In order to evaluate the effect on the treatment response, the total number of acquisition images, duration of fluoroscopy, and total procedure time was collected. Results: The median of the total KAP and CAK (sum of frontal and lateral plane) for diagnostic and interventional procedures for the prior settings was 124 Gycm2 and 0.78 Gy, and 328 Gycm2 and 2.71 Gy, respectively. The median for diagnostic and interventional procedures with the new settings was 47 Gycm2 and 0.27 Gy, and 109 Gycm2 and 0.89 Gy, respectively. The difference in the total number of acquisition images, duration of fluoroscopy, and total procedure time was statistically negligible. Conclusion: The new system settings resulted in a significantly reduced KAP and CAK (approximately 60%), indicating reduction in both patient and staff doses, with no indication of change in treatment response.Two of the athors are employed by Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands (S. Boon and M. Mauti). The project was partly financed by Philips Healthcare.
SU‐E‐T‐177: Radiochromic Film: Towards a Public Calibration Function
Authors: Lewis D , Yu X , Chan M 
Published: July 2013

Purpose: To assess the possibility of using a public calibration function for radiochromic film dosimetry in dose QA of highly conformal treatment plans. Methods: EBT3 film calibration strips (3.5×20cm2 from lots A101212 and A011713) were exposed on a Varian Trilogy at a facility to a 10×10cm2 open field at doses of 80,160,320 cGy using 6MV photons. Together with a strip of unexposed film from the same lot the exposed films were digitized in a single scan using different Epson 10000XL scanners at two different facilities. The dose‐response data for each color‐channel from each facility were generated using the same calibration function X(D) = a + b/(D‐c), where X(D) is the response at dose D and a, b and c are the coefficients. Different batches of EBT3 film were exposed to a VMAT beam. These films, plus two reference strips exposed to doses of zero and 160 cGy, were digitized on the scanners at the two facilities. Using the multi‐channel dosimetry method and One‐scan protocol (Med Phys, 39:6339‐49, 2012) the recorded doses on the VMAT films were calculated and the results were compared with the VMAT plan using a Gamma index of 3%/3mm. Results: The passing rates obtained for dose maps calculated for all combinations of VMAT images and calibration functions were nearly unchanged, using the One‐scan protocol. Also, in all cases a passing rate of >99% was obtained for Gamma index of 3%/3mm. On the other hand, if the One‐scan protocol was not employed, the dose maps for VMAT images and calibration functions from different scanners showed poor correlation with the treatment plan. This is probably due to the scan‐to‐scan variability. Conclusion: We have found that it is feasible to use a public calibration function for a given radiochromic film lot using the same methodology, One‐scan protocol, for patient‐specific QA.Two of the authors are the employees of Ashland Inc., the manufacturer of GafChromic film.
MO‐D‐500‐01: Treatment Planning in Proton Therapy
Authors: Winey B , Lomax A 
Published: July 2013

Proton therapy planning strategies differ in many aspects from traditional planning done for photon treatments. Both passive scattered and scanning proton treatment planning systems and protocols must account for proton specific uncertainties to deliver high fidelity plans to the patient. While many uncertainties have been discussed in the literature, clinical implementations of proton treatment planning systems require adequate procedures to address uncertainties. Some uncertainties are constant between passive scattered and scanning systems but other uncertainties, due to the differences in beam delivery methods, necessitate different approaches to accurately deliver the prescribed treatment. For example, range, LET, RBE, and patient position uncertainties are common to all particle therapies but the effects on the delivered treatment are dependent upon the delivery method. Passive scattered delivery techniques must account for field size effects, output factors, hardware uncertainties, air gaps and penumbras. Scanning beams encounter different uncertainties regarding spot size, scanning positional accuracy, beam spot dosimetry, and magnet calibration uncertainties.Learning Objectives:1. To understand the fundamentals of treatment planning for passive and scanned proton therapy, including Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy2. To understand the proton specific strategies in treatment planning for passive scattering and scanning3. To understand uncertainties of proton therapy and their implications on proton treatment planning4. To understand the limitations of current proton treatment planning techniques.
MO‐D‐144‐01: Ultrasound Guided RT Intervention & Novel Technologies
Authors: Beaulieu L , Cunha J , Libby B , Wong J 
Published: July 2013

Significant advances were made over the past decade in ultrasound (US) imaging and new therapeutic applications are emerging. Used alone or in combination with other imaging modalities, US imaging is also well suited for robot‐assisted interventions. This session will feature invited presentations on (1) the use of US and robot for interstitial breast implant high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, (2) the possibilities of electromagnetic tracking system for interactive needle navigation, 3D‐printed patient‐specific skewed‐needle template, and co‐robots for interventional brachytherapy, (3), the real time US guidance, dosimetry and treatment optimization for novel HDR brachytherapy such as single fraction partial prostate treatment for early stage disease, and (4) the development of an integrated 3D x‐ray/ultrasound imaging system for on‐board guidance of soft tissue targets for external beam radiation therapy.Learning Objectives:1. Understand the improvements made on ultrasound imaging technology2. Understand the possibilities of real‐time imaging for a wide range of applications3. Identify new applications for medical physicists of ultrasound imaging for image‐guided interventions.Part of this work is supported by NCI R01 CA 161613, and another part by a research contract with Philips Medical Systems.
MO‐F‐WAB‐02: Constancy of Time Lag Relationship Between External and Internal Signal in Abdominal Tumor Sites
Authors: Regmi R , Lovelock D , Zhang P , Pham H , Xiong J , Yorke E , Goodman K , Wu A , Mageras G 
Published: July 2013

Purpose: To investigate constancy, within a treatment session, of the time lag relationship between implanted markers in abdominal tumors and an external motion surrogate. Methods: Six gastroesophageal junction and three pancreatic cancer patients (IRB‐approved protocol) received a respiration‐correlated CT (RCCT), and two cone‐beam CTs (CBCT), one before and one after the treatment. Time between initial and final scan varied from about 1 to 3 h. Each patient had at least one implanted fiducial marker near the tumor. In all scans, abdominal displacement (Varian RPM) was recorded as the external motion signal. In‐house software tracked fiducials, representing internal signal, in CBCT projection images and amplitude‐sorted RCCT. For each set of projection images, time lag between internal and external signals was found by maximizing the correlation coefficient in each breathing cycle and averaging over all cycles. For the RCCT, these quantities were calculated for the 1 –2 cycles during which the fiducial was imaged. Results: Mean ± standard deviation in time lag, over all scans and patients, was 0.10 ± 0.07 s (range 0.01 – 0.36 s). External signal lagged the internal in 20/27 scans. Change in time lag between pre‐and post‐RT CBCT was 0.06 ± 0.07s (range 0.01 – 0.22 s), corresponding to 3.1 ± 3.7% (range 0.6 – 10.8%) of the gate width (range 1.6 – 3.1 s). Including the RCCT scan, change in time lag increased to 6.5 ± 5.4% (range 0.2 – 16.1%) of the gate width, and in three patients, change in time lag exceeded 10% of the gate width. Conclusion: Time lag between internal and external signal is small compared to the treatment gate width in all patients. Change in time lag within a treatment session, inferred from pre to post‐RT measurements is also small, suggesting that a single measurement at the session start is adequate.NIH/NCI award R01 CA126993 and a research grant from Varian.
TU‐A‐137‐01: High Energy Brachytherapy Dosimetry as It Applies to Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI)
Authors: Richardson S , Mourtada F 
Published: July 2013

Report 229 is the newest report on high energy brachytherapy dosimetry. It investigates many known issues with accurately doing brachytherapy dose calculations and modeling of TG43 parameters for sources with photon energies >50keV. Two issues that are described in the report are the presence of tissue heterogeneities and scatter corrections when doing brachytherapy treatments. Both of these issues are well manifested when doing partial breast brachytherapy. The applicators for breast brachytherapy are either filled with high Z contrast material (Mammosite or Contura) or are filled with air (Savi) which can create either a dose decrease or dose increase in the PTV compared to a standard TG43 calculation. Often times when these devices are used, the applicators are in close proximity to the skin surface which results in a loss of CPE and can actually decrease the dose compared to what one would expect when doing a TG43 calculation. The applicators are also sometimes near the lung or ribs which also creates a dose discrepancy compared to treatment planning systems. The purpose of this talk will be to describe the physics behind these issues and provide an overview of published literature which investigates the nature of the dose discrepancies encountered with partial breast brachytherapy. It will also describe the magnitude of the dose discrepancy for a variety of clinical cases.Learning Objectives:1. To understand the physics behind high energy brachytherapy as applied to APBI2. To understand when TG43 calculations may not accurately describe the clinical situation3. To understand the nature of these dose discrepancies and be able to provide magnitudes for clinical approximations4. Some of the research presented was funded by an MRA with Varian Medical Systems.
TU‐A‐134‐01: Imaging Informatics 1: Informatics for the Clinical Imaging Physicist: Buying and Testing Equipment for Interoperability
Authors: Walz‐Flannigan A , Weiser J 
Published: July 2013

1. Buying Imaging Equipment for Interoperability and Compliance: Beyond DICOM2. Informatics for the Acceptance Testing of Imaging EquipmentFor patient service, safety and regulatory compliance, the quality control of image and image information needs to extend beyond the scanner console to encompass the entire imaging chain. Imaging physicists are often the ultimate quality control professionals and technology experts that are responsible for equipment selection and testing. To aid in these tasks, this session is designed to provide the clinical physicist with practical awareness and tools for equipment selection and acceptance testing that promotes interoperability throughout the imaging chain, protecting image and information quality for smooth clinical operation and patient safety.Whether the physicist is ultimately responsible for delivering a quality and compliant system or is a part of the process, they need to understand data flow and interoperability in the imaging chain. This involves a basic understanding of the system and stakeholders that determine and interact with the imaging chain. Once an imaging chain (or web in some cases) is understood, physicists can benefit from understanding the standards and interoperability profiles that can help in assessing equipment interoperability throughout that chain.This session will highlight areas where expectations and current reality for interoperability in an imaging practice may not align. It will cover specific examples of common issues that still plague interoperability two decades after the introduction of DICOM 3.0. We' ll discuss relevant questions to ask of vendors when purchasing equipment from a compliance and interoperability standpoint. The second part of the session will cover strategies and suggestions for ensuring a fully‐functioning imaging system: what aspects related to interoperability might cause problems and what should be assessed with acceptance testing in order to ensure clinical functionality and patient safety?Learning Objectives:1. Understand the importance of assessing and testing interoperability for the entire imaging chain when considering or deploying new imaging equipment.2. Be able to assess the relevant pieces that encompass their clinical imaging chain and the stakeholders involved in configuring, maintaining and using the system.3. Be aware of common issues with clinical interoperability of imaging equipment4. Know how to develop, find and use tools for assessing the potential for interoperability prior to purchase and testing after installation.
TU‐B‐134‐01: Imaging Informatics 2
Authors: Clunie D , Peck D 
Published: July 2013

Radiation Dose Structured ReportsMultiple diagnostic and/or interventional systems may expose a patient to radiation. The DICOM Information Object Definition (IOD) for these modalities may include acquisition data concerning the irradiation in each image instance produced. Yet, the aggregate irradiation information may not be easily determined from the individual image instances. To alleviate these issues the Radiation Dose Reporting information object was developed. In this session the configuration and organization of DICOM structured reports, and specifically the Radiation Dose Structured Report (RDSR), will be presented. This overview will include the basic construct of structured reporting IOD's and where this content in found in the DICOM standard. The current content and potential future enhancements to the RDSR will be presented. In addition, an overview of a new DICOM work item on the develpment of a Patient Radiation Dose Structured Report and the issues that this new IOD will require will be presented.Learning Objectives:1. Understand the basic concepts of DICOM structured reporting.2. Describe the organization of the DICOM standard in relation to structured reporting with references to the relevant parts and sections.3. Review the current content and recent extensions to the Radiation Dose Structured Report.4. Discuss the proposed organization for developing a Patient Radiation Dose Structured Report.
TU‐F‐116‐01: TG132: Image Registration and Fusion
Authors: Brock K , Mutic S , McNutt T , Li H , Kessler M 
Published: July 2013

Image registration and fusion has been in use in the clinic for a long time, however, in recent years its role has expanded to include multi‐modality registration for planning, motion assessment, in‐room treatment guidance, dose accumulation, replanning, and adaptive radiotherapy. These advances increase the complexity of the commissioning and quality assurance required. The AAPM formed a Task Group 132, to formalize the use of image registration and fusion in radiotherapy. The task group recommendations will be presented here. A brief summary of image registration and fusion techniques will be provided, however attendees are referred to Therapy Educational Session: Deformable Image Registration, Contour Propagation, and Dose Mapping for in depth details. The focus of this session will be methods for validation and quality assurance, commissioning, and clinical implementation in treatment planning and delivery. Validation of image registration and fusion includes both qualitative and quantitate evaluations of the image registration results. End‐to‐end tests with physical phantoms can ensure that the image registration software integrates into the clinical workflow. In addition, virtual phantoms can allow detailed quantitative evaluation of both rigid and deformable registration. As the end goal is how to use the registration algorithm on clinical images safely, a comprehensive commissioning and QA program should also include evaluation on true clinical image sets.Learning Objectives:1. Describe the methods for validation and quality assurance of image registration techniques.2. Understand the importance of acceptance testing, including end‐to‐end tests, phantom tests, and clinical data tests.3. Describe techniques for patient specific validation.Dr. Brock has financial interest in deformable registration technology through a licensing agreement with Ray Search Laboratories.
TU‐G‐144‐01: Image‐Guided Focused Ultrasound Therapy: Advanced Modeling, Control and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Carol M , Christensen D , Neufeld E 
Published: July 2013

Therapeutic ultrasound is now a commercial reality with a growing number of potential clinical indications. The success of future applications will depend in part on our level of understanding of acoustic propagation within the human body and the effects ultrasound produces as interacts with various tissues and tissue interfaces. Therefore, advanced numerical/computer modeling will play a pivotal role in the development of treatment strategies, treatment planning (optimization) and real‐time treatment control. This symposium will focus on current advanced modeling efforts for various anatomical sites, patient‐specific modeling, modeling of effects on tissues (e.g., mechanical, thermal, non‐linear propagation), therapy‐specific modeling (e.g., hyperthermia, thermal ablation, drug delivery, BBB opening) as well as the associated software and hardware demands for high performance computing (e.g., real‐time imaging, parallelization). Furthermore, the technological development and clinical implementation of imaged‐guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) will be contrasted with those of stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) highlighting the fact that many HIFU effects can be imaged in real‐time and used for feedback control.Learning Objectives:1. Appreciate similarities and differences between image‐guided HIFU therapy and SRT. What can be predicted in regard to HIFU based on the long clinical experience with SRT?2. Understand the application of therapeutic ultrasound in various complex anatomical regions, including tradeoffs for clinicaleffectiveness. Learn what and how sound‐tissue interactions effects can be modeled today. Learn about ultrasound modeling approaches and treatment strategies for personalized HIFU therapy.3. Learn how model prediction techniques can improve the speed of 3D‐MR temperature imaging. Understand how HIFU delivery can benefit from real‐time feedback control. Learn about the development and application of multiphysics models in therapeutic ultrasound.