bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural sedation in the emergency department
Authors: Parker Sophie , Harris Tim 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the challenges facing the emergency physician dealing with procedural sedation in the emergency department. It describes an overview of the range of potential sedation agents and the spectrum and depth of potential responses and side effects associated with these agents.
It examines the evidence base for three key clinical questions: a discussion of the need to consider fasting a patient in the emergency department, the role of sedation checklists and the use of end-tidal CO2 monitoring during sedation, and an examination of the safety profile of emergency department physicians using propofol as a sedation agent in the emergency department.
Self-harm
Authors: Cantle Fleur , Cross Sean 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides a discussion of the challenges facing the emergency physician dealing with a patient presenting with deliberate self-harm. It describes an overview of the methods of stratifying a patient’s capacity, risk, and the options for intervention as well as discussing the attitudes of the emergency departemnt staff base towards these service users.
It examines the evidence base for three key clinical questions: examining the methods available for risk assessment; questioning whether a patient who has acutely self-harmed should be allowed to self-discharge from emergency department care; and an analysis of whether emergency department interventions can prevent further episodes occurring.
Right lower quadrant abdominal pain in women: gynaecology or surgery?
Authors: Adenugba Olumayowa , Glucksman Ed , Bew Duncan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides a discussion of the challenges facing the emergency physician when dealing with a female patient presenting with right sided abdominal pain. The chapter discusses the challenges associated with clinically differentiating between a surgical cause and a gynaecological cause. The Alvarado scoring system is discussed as an aid to risk stratify patients who may have acute appendicitis
It examines the evidence base for three key clinical questions:the clinical features which can help differentiate appendicitis from other pathology; the role of CRP and white cell count in ruling in or excluding appendicitis; and what imaging modality is the most accurate in the diagnostic work-up of women with right-sided abdominal pain. Particular attention is given to the diagnosis and work-up of appendicitis in the pregnant patient
‘Cocaine chest pain’
Authors: Wilson Gavin , Hinchley Geoff 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides a discussion of the increasingly common challenge facing the emergency physician dealing with a patient presenting with cocaine-induced chest pain. It examines the clinical presentations, the ECG changes, and the immediate treatment strategies available in the emergency department. It outlines the key similarities and differences in the management of cocaine and no- drug-induced chest pains.
It examines the evidence base for three key clinical questions: examining the best initial treatment modality comparing GTN and benzodiazepines; considering the role of beta blockers in the treatment strategy; and discussing if whether all self-limiting drug-induced chest pain requires admission and follow-up.
Croup
Authors: Thenabadu Sam , Hanna Sara 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis chapter provides a discussion of the challenges facing the emergency physician dealing with a child presenting with stridor and likely croup. It examines the approach to stratifying severity of illness, the differential diagnoses of stridor, as well as an overview of treatment options for acute treatment and discharge advice.It examines the evidence base for three key clinical questions:the use of steam therapy as a pre-hospital recommendation; consideration of whether steroids are required for all cases including those rated mild croup; and an analysis of whether dexamathesone is superior to nebulised budesonide.
Quantum mechanics, gravity and modified quantization relations
Authors: Calmet Xavier 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we investigate a possible energy scale dependence of the quantization rules and, in particular, from a phenomenological point of view, an energy scale dependence of an effective

(reduced Planck’s constant). We set a bound on the deviation of the value of

at the muon scale from its usual value using measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Assuming that inflation has taken place, we can conclude that nature is described by a quantum theory at least up to an energy scale of about 10
16
GeV.
Adjudication in tenancy deposit scheme disputes: agents’ perspectives
Authors: Sidoli del Ceno Julian , George Hannah , Vols Michel 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the operation of tenancy deposit protection within England and Wales. The paper consciously focuses solely on the views and perspectives of letting agents operating in the various schemes.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews with lettings agents in two distinct geographical urban areas, Birmingham and South Wales. Participants were selected for their market presence within a given area and the fact that they were all members of approved regulatory schemes.

Findings
– Overall, most agents were broadly happy with the process and considered adjudication to be an appropriate form of resolution for tenancy deposit disputes given the often small monetary value of the disputes and the large volume of cases. Concerns were raised, however, regarding the heavy bureaucratic burden placed on agents and on the perceived evidential burden on the landlord. There being a widely held view that a landlord could rarely “win” outright.

Research limitations/implications
– The qualitative data are based on a relatively small although representative sample of lettings agents’ active within the UK residential property sector.

Originality/value
– The paper provides original data on the attitudes and perspectives of agents who manage deposit disputes. This is an area of current interest that has yet to receive sustained attention. Although concerned with legislation in England and Wales, its findings and discussion are relevant in other jurisdictions facing similar issues.
Focus groups and prime ministers’ chiefs of staff
Authors: Rhodes Roderick A.W. , Tiernan Anne 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to outline the current state of political and administrative ethnography in political science and public administration before suggesting that focus groups are a useful tool in the study of governing elites. They provide an alternative way of “being there” when the rules about secrecy and access prevent participant observation. Briefly, it describes the job of Prime Ministers’ Chiefs of Staff before explaining the research design, the preparations for the focus group sessions, and the strategies used to manage the dynamics of a diverse group that included former political enemies and factional rivals.Design/methodology/approach– It outlines the approach to analysis and interpretation before reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of focus groups for research into political and administrative elites.Findings– It concludes that focus groups are a valuable tool for making tacit knowledge explicit, especially when all participants work in a shared governmental tradition.Originality/value– It is the first project to use focus groups to study the political elites of Westminster systems, let alone Australian government.
Swap agreement safe harbors at risk in latest Lehman dispute
Authors: Enochs Craig R , Pappenfus James , Pincus Andrea , Turner Paul 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This article addresses important policy issues raised in the latest Lehman dispute that directly impact the over the counter derivatives market and market participants, specifically in regards to the history and purpose of the Bankruptcy Code’s “safe harbor” provisions for swap agreements.

Design/methodology/approach
– By examining the background of, and arguments presented in, the ongoing adversary proceeding, Moore Macro Fund, LP v. Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., and the related bankruptcy case, in re Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. the authors offer their interpretations of the scope and intent of the applicable safe harbor provisions concerning set-off rights in the context of terminating swap agreements.

Findings
– Parties to ISDA agreements should carefully monitor this case, as the outcome could shape the enforceability of the Bankruptcy Code and the strategic analysis of counterparties following a counterparty’s or credit support provider’s bankruptcy.

Practical implications
– Parties must also be cautious when assuming all contractual provisions in industry-standard master agreements will be enforceable. This case confirms that contractual provisions seeming to reflect the intent of the parties may still be called into question before a court.

Originality/value
– Litigation analysis and practical advice on the ongoing changes to the physical, futures and derivatives markets from experienced derivatives/structured products and bankruptcy/commercial restructuring lawyers.
Comparing approaches to economic impact analysis of property redevelopment
Authors: Hannum Christopher 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling for impact analysis of real estate developments and redevelopments.

Design/methodology/approach
– Uses a model constructed for Colorado to compare estimates of economic impact of a hypothetical mixed-use development from a CGE model with an input-output (IO) model similar to those commonly used in applied economic impact analysis.

Findings
– Economic impact estimates of construction activity are demonstrated to be lower when using a CGE approach as compared to an IO approach while impact estimates of continuing operations of a property are demonstrated to be more accurate and potentially higher using a CGE approach.

Practical implications
– A CGE approach as opposed to an IO approach will be particularly useful for practitioners in particular cases where IO models are ill suited to provide meaningful estimates concerning impact of continuing operations. This is especially likely where commercial tenants are unknown or when the development includes a residential component.

Social implications
– More complete and accurate assessments of economic impact may positively affect views on property development and redevelopment by the public and government.

Originality/value
– This paper adds to the existing literature concerning economic impact analysis of real estate and is the first paper in the field, to the authors’ knowledge; to compare estimates from the standard IO approach to those derived using more sophisticated modeling techniques.
Promoting spiritual care for older people in New Zealand: the Selwyn Centre for Ageing and Spirituality
Authors: Perkins Chris 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a centre to promote the spiritual care of older people in New Zealand.

Design/methodology/approach
– The spiritual scene in New Zealand is described and “spirituality” defined. The history of the Selwyn Centre for Ageing and Spirituality (SCAS) is illustrated by case studies in three areas: research, education and advocacy, noting challenges in providing spiritual care to older people.

Findings
– The number of New Zealanders claiming a religious affiliation is dropping but spirituality is of interest and relevance to many people. The acknowledgement of Maori spirituality has affected government policy. The SCAS has supported research and provided education throughout the country. Advocacy is difficult where care focuses on the physical and funding for frail older people is limited.

Research limitations/implications
– While the importance of good spiritual care for older people is clear, this is not easy to achieve. However, an organisation like SCAS has brought the issue to national awareness and made some contribution to increased understanding and improved practice.

Practical implications
– As the population ages and expressions of spirituality diversify, a deeper understanding of spirituality beyond Christian religion is required.

Social implications
– While the SCAS focuses on older people, it has formed a nexus of people more widely interested in spirituality at all ages, in different cultures and throughout the country.

Originality/value
– This is the first description of a New Zealand organisation specifically addressing the spiritual care of older people.
Spirituality and ageing – the role of mindfulness in supporting people with dementia to live well
Authors: Robertson Guy 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the role that mindfulness meditation can play in supporting people with dementia to live well.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper reviews the literature in a structured way, focussing first on the general effectiveness on mindfulness and then going on to assess its role in attention, emotion regulation, cognitive decline, physical changes in the brain, prevention, and quality of life.

Findings
– Spirituality has been defined as a process of personal transformation which in many cases can involve a blend of humanistic psychology and esoteric traditions. Meditation, even if practised in a secular fashion can be said to fit within this definition of spirituality. The paper reviews the evidence for the relevance of mindfulness meditation in supporting people to live well with dementia.

Research limitations/implications
– The evidence is not yet conclusive; however, there is nevertheless a growing body of evidence which suggests that this is a fruitful area for further research.

Practical implications
– There are numerous implications for practice: if sufficient self-reported benefit from the application of mindfulness to people with dementia to warrant this being offered more generally. If further research substantiates the quality of life benefits then this could be an important development to accompany early diagnosis of dementia. If mindfulness were found to have a preventative effect then that would be of huge practical importance.

Social implications
– Mindfulness gives people more control of their emotional and thought processes and therefore this could be a significant development for empowering people with dementia and their carers.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first times that the literature regarding mindfulness and dementia has been reviewed in a systematic way.
Guidelines for safe practice of stereotactic body (ablative) radiation therapy
Authors: Foote Matthew , Bailey Michael , Smith Leigh , Siva Shankar , Hegi‐Johnson Fiona , Seeley Anna , Barry Tamara , Booth Jeremy , Ball David , Thwaites David 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe uptake of stereotactic ablative body radiation therapy (SABR)/stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) worldwide has been rapid. The Australian and New Zealand Faculty of Radiation Oncology (FRO) assembled an expert panel of radiation oncologists, radiation oncology medical physicists and radiation therapists to establish guidelines for safe practice of SABR. Draft guidelines were reviewed by a number of international experts in the field and then distributed through the membership of the FRO. Members of the Australian Institute of Radiography and the Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine were also asked to comment on the draft. Evidence‐based recommendations (where applicable) address aspects of departmental staffing, procedures and equipment, quality assurance measures, as well as organisational considerations for delivery of SABR treatments. Central to the guidelines is a set of key recommendations for departments undertaking SABR. These guidelines were developed collaboratively to provide an educational guide and reference for radiation therapy service providers to ensure appropriate care of patients receiving SABR.
The Efficacy of Tolvaptan in Congestive Heart Failure Patients with and Without Hypoalbuminemia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Okabe Toshitaka , Yakushiji Tadayuki , Igawa Wataru , Ono Morio , Kido Takehiko , Ebara Seitaro , Yamashita Kennosuke , Yamamoto Myong Hwa , Saito Shigeo , Hoshimoto Koichi , Amemiya Kisaki , Isomura Naoei , Araki Hiroshi , Ochiai Masahiko 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundHeart failure (HF) with hypoalbuminemia is associated with poor response to conventional therapy. We investigated whether tolvaptan, a potent aquaretic agent, might be of benefit in HF patients with hypoalbuminemia.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 40 patients hospitalized for HF. Patients received conventional therapy including loop diuretics. We subsequently added tolvaptan in the range of 3.75–15 mg daily and it was discontinued after improvement of HF symptoms. We compared clinical and laboratory data in HF patients with and without hypoalbuminemia (defined as serum albumin <3.0 g/dL).ResultsTolvaptan was administered in 18 HF patients with hypoalbuminemia (Group A) and 22 HF patients without hypoalbuminemia (Group B). The mean serum albumin was 2.63 ± 0.27 and 3.46 ± 0.25 g/dL, respectively. The average urine output on tolvaptan increased significantly in both groups (1644.4 ± 797.6–3011.6 ± 1453.8 mL/day, P = 0.004; 1459 ± 612.7–2112.2 ± 724.5 mL/day, P = 0.008; respectively). In addition, we observed higher urine output on therapy in Group A than in Group B (P = 0.015). There was a moderate negative correlation between serum albumin and average urine output on tolvaptan (r = −0.42, P = 0.007).ConclusionsThe addition of tolvaptan to low dose loop diuretics might be an effective strategy for treatment of HF patients with hypoalbuminemia.
Permissive and protective roles for neutrophils in leishmaniasis
Authors: Carlsen E D , Liang Y , Shelite T R , Walker D H , Melby P C , Soong L 
Published: June 2015

SummaryLeishmania parasites are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease that causes substantial morbidity and considerable mortality in many developing areas of the world. Recent estimates suggest that roughly 10 million people suffer from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and approximately 76 000 are afflicted with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is universally fatal without treatment. Efforts to develop therapeutics and vaccines have been greatly hampered by an incomplete understanding of the parasite's biology and a lack of clear protective correlates that must be met in order to achieve immunity. Although parasites grow and divide preferentially in macrophages, a number of other cell types interact with and internalize Leishmania parasites, including monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils. Neutrophils appear to be especially important shortly after parasites are introduced into the skin, and may serve a dual protective and permissive role during the establishment of infection. Curiously, neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection appears to continue into the chronic phase of disease, which may persist for many years. The immunological impact of these cells during chronic leishmaniasis is unclear at this time. In this review we discuss the ways in which neutrophils have been observed to prevent and promote the establishment of infection, examine the role of anti-neutrophil antibodies in mouse models of leishmaniasis and consider recent findings that neutrophils may play a previously unrecognized role in influencing chronic parasite persistence.
Diastolic Stunning as a Marker of Severe Coronary Artery Stenosis: Analysis by Speckle Tracking Radial Strain in the Resting Echocardiogram
Authors: Kaseno Hiroyo , Toyama Takuji , Okaniwa Hiroki , Toide Hiroyuki , Yamashita Eiji , Kawaguchi Ren , Adachi Hitoshi , Hoshizaki Hiroshi , Oshima Shigeru 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundTwo‐dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) stress echocardiography detects postischemic myocardial diastolic stunning. However, the use of 2DST at rest for detecting diastolic stunning in ischemia is unclear.ResultsThirty‐nine patients (age = 65 ± 12 years; male/female = 34/5) with effort angina pectoris that was confirmed by stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy were enrolled. Ischemic area (I) was determined in the middle LV short axial view using stress myocardial scintigraphy. The area opposite to it was defined as nonischemic area (non‐I). Midventricular parasternal short‐axis (SAX) radial strains were estimated using 2DST at rest on the following day. LV diastolic function was evaluated using diastolic index (DI, changes in the regional LV radial strain during diastole) and radial strain rate (SR) during early diastolic period. These parameters were compared between I and non‐I before and 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the I of 3 coronary vessels. For the I, the DI was lower (38 ± 27 vs. 55 ± 27; P = 0.003) and SR was higher (−1.6 ± 0.6 vs. −1.9 ± 0.8; P = 0.007) than in non‐I before PCI. One month after PCI, the DI and SR recovered to 53 ± 27 (P = 0.008) and −2.1 ± 0.8 (P = 0.006), respectively. Furthermore, the DI of the LAD and LCX significantly improved (P = 0.0004 and 0.002, respectively); the RCA area showed tendency to improve (P = 0.092), and the SR also improved (P < 0.05) in all areas after PCI.ConclusionDiastolic stunning in ischemic areas can be detected using 2DST at rest and recover 1 month after PCI.
New morphometric ranges for Bursaphelenchus willibaldi Schönfeld et al. 2006 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) from Iran
Authors: Miraeiz E. , Heydari R. , Aliramaji F. , Pourjam E. , Pedram M. , Atighi M. R. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBursaphelenchus willibaldi, associated with trees in two separate locations in forests of northern Iran, are characterized and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The Iranian population of B. willibaldi has a body length of 392–595 μm, stylet length of 12–14 μm, c‐index of 9.0–14.5 and PUS length of 51–82 μm. Males have spicules 15–18 μm long along the arch line. The Iranian population showed morphometric variations compared with the originally described samples. For example, it has a shorter body in females and males, greater c‐index, slightly greater range of V, slightly smaller range of PUS and tail length. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the recovered populations revealed both sequenced isolates forming a clade with one European isolate of the species using Bayesian inference (BI) analysis with full Bayesian posterior probability (BPP).
Ultrasonic fatigue performance of high temperature structural material Inconel 718 alloys at high temperature after UNSM treatment
Authors: Amanov A. , Pyun Y.‐S. , Kim J.‐H. , Suh C.‐M. , Cho I.‐S. , Kim H.‐D. , Wang Q. , Khan M. K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technique on the mechanical characteristics and fatigue life of two types of annealed and aged Inconel 718 alloys. The mechanical properties of both UNSM‐treated alloys were compared with the untreated specimens. The fatigue life of the untreated and UNSM‐treated Inconel 718 alloy specimens was investigated by ultrasonic fatigue and rotary‐bending fatigue tests. Results revealed that the UNSM‐treated specimens exhibited longer fatigue life than those of the untreated specimens. The improvement in fatigue life is mainly attributed to the induced compressive residual stress induced in the subsurface by UNSM technique.