bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elderly Mothers of Adult Children with Intellectual Disability: An Exploration of a Stress Process Model for Caregiving Satisfaction
Authors: Kim Go‐en , Chung Soondool 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThis study examines the utility of Pearlin's caregiving stress model for understanding the caregiving satisfaction of elderly mothers of adult children with intellectual disability.MethodsMothers living in Seoul, Kyonggi, and Incheon who were 55 years of age or older and providing care for adult children with intellectual disability aged 18 or above were selected purposively from community rehabilitation centre users. A total of 392 participants responded to the survey. The structural equation modelling method was used to evaluate the suitability of the stress process model and to test the hypotheses.ResultsThe stress model proved to be a good fit to the data. The results showed that a mediating variable – a problem‐centred coping strategy – transmitted the effect of stress variables such as recognition of ageing, establishment of permanency planning, and worries about the future on caregiving satisfaction. The relationship of adult children with intellectual disability also transmitted the effect of establishment of permanency planning on caregiving satisfaction. However, an indirect effect of an emotion‐centred coping strategy was not shown.ConclusionsThe findings of this study shed light on the development of intervention strategies for elderly mothers who provide care permanently to adult children with intellectual disabilities.
Late Quaternary history of North Eurasian Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) inferred from macrofossils, pollen and cytoplasmic DNA variation
Authors: Tollefsrud Mari Mette , Latałowa Małgorzata , van der Knaap W. O. , Brochmann Christian , Sperisen Christoph 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimWe used combined palaeobotanical and genetic data to assess whether Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), two major components of the Eurasian boreal forests, occupied separate glacial refugia, and to test previous hypotheses on their distinction, geographical delimitation and introgression.LocationThe range of Norway spruce in northern Europe and Siberian spruce in northern Asia.MethodsPollen data and recently compiled macrofossil records were summarized for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), late glacial and Holocene. Genetic variation was assessed in 50 populations using one maternally (mitochondrial nad1) and one paternally (chloroplast trnT–trnL) inherited marker and analysed using spatial analyses of molecular variance (SAMOVA).ResultsMacrofossils showed that spruce was present in both northern Europe and Siberia at the LGM. Congruent macrofossil and pollen data from the late glacial suggested widespread expansions of spruce in the East European Plain, West Siberian Plain, southern Siberian mountains and the Baikal region. Colonization was largely completed during the early Holocene, except in the formerly glaciated area of northern Europe. Both DNA markers distinguished two highly differentiated groups that correspond to Norway spruce and Siberian spruce and coincide spatially with separate LGM spruce occurrences. The division of the mtDNA variation was geographically well defined and occurred to the east of the Ural Mountains along the Ob River, whereas the cpDNA variation showed widespread admixture. Genetic diversity of both DNA markers was higher in western than in eastern populations.Main conclusionsNorth Eurasian Norway spruce and Siberian spruce are genetically distinct and occupied separate LGM refugia, Norway spruce on the East European Plain and Siberian spruce in southern Siberia, where they were already widespread during the late glacial. They came into contact in the basin of the Ob River and probably hybridized. The lower genetic diversity in the eastern populations may indicate that Siberian spruce suffered more from past climatic fluctuations than Norway spruce.
Biological and molecular profile of fracture non‐union tissue: current insights
Authors: Panteli Michalis , Pountos Ippokratis , Jones Elena , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDelayed bone healing and non‐union occur in approximately 10% of long bone fractures. Despite intense investigations and progress in understanding the processes governing bone healing, the specific pathophysiological characteristics of the local microenvironment leading to non‐union remain obscure. The clinical findings and radiographic features remain the two important landmarks of diagnosing non‐unions and even when the diagnosis is established there is debate on the ideal timing and mode of intervention. In an attempt to understand better the pathophysiological processes involved in the development of fracture non‐union, a number of studies have endeavoured to investigate the biological profile of tissue obtained from the non‐union site and analyse any differences or similarities of tissue obtained from different types of non‐unions. In the herein study, we present the existing evidence of the biological and molecular profile of fracture non‐union tissue.
Clinical and microbiological effects of probiotic lozenges in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Tekce Merve , Ince Gizem , Gursoy Hare , Dirikan Ipci Sebnem , Cakar Gokser , Kadir Tanju , Yılmaz Selçuk 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lozenges containing L. reuteri as an adjuvant treatment to initial periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis patients and to detect the level of L. reuteri colonization in the periodontal pockets of treated patients.Material and MethodsA total of 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Each patient had at least two teeth with one approximal site each with a probing depth (PD) of 5–7 mm and gingival index (GI) of ≥2 in each quadrant. Group I received scaling and root planing (SRP) plus L. reuteri‐containing lozenges, and Group II received SRP plus placebo. The plaque index (PI), GI, bleeding on probing (BoP), PD and relative attachment level were measured. Microbiological sampling was performed at baseline and on days 21, 90, 180 and 360 and were analysed by culturing. The Bonferroni‐corrected paired sample t‐test, Bonferroni‐corrected Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired sample t‐test were used to evaluate intra‐group differences. The Bonferroni‐corrected Student's t‐test and the Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to evaluate inter‐group differences.ResultsAfter treatment, the measured PI, GI, BoP and PD were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in Group I compared with Group II at all time points. Similar observations were made for the total viable cell counts and the proportions of obligate anaerobes with the exception of day 360. In Group I, significantly fewer patients required surgery on ≥3 sites.ConclusionL. reuteri‐containing lozenges may be a useful adjuvant agent to slow re‐colonization and improve clinical outcomes of chronic periodontitis. Further studies are required to clarify the optimal dose of the lozenges.
Brain area‐specific diurnal and photic regulation of val‐opsinA and val‐opsinB genes in the zebrafish
Authors: Hang Chong Yee , Kitahashi Takashi , Parhar Ishwar S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractZebrafish possess two isoforms of vertebrate ancient long (VAL)‐opsin, val‐opsinA (valopa) and val‐opsinB (valopb), which probably mediate non‐visual responses to light. To understand the diurnal and light‐sensitive regulation of the valop genes in different cell groups, the current study used real‐time quantitative PCR to examine the diurnal changes of valopa and b mRNA levels in different brain areas of adult male zebrafish. Furthermore, effects of the extended exposure to light or dark condition, luminous levels and the treatment with a melatonin receptor agonist or antagonist on valop transcription were examined. In the thalamus, valop mRNA levels showed significant diurnal changes; valopa peaked in the evening, while valopb peaked in the morning. The diurnal change of valopa mRNA levels occurred independent of light conditions, whereas that of valopb mRNA levels were regulated by light. A melatonin receptor agonist or antagonist did not affect the changes of valop mRNA levels. In contrast, the midbrain and hindbrain showed arrhythmic valop mRNA levels under light and dark cycles. The differential diurnal regulation of the valopa and b genes in the thalamus and the arrhythmic expression in the midbrain and hindbrain suggest involvement of deep brain VAL‐opsin in time‐ and light‐dependent physiology.
image
We show diurnal expression changes of vertebrate ancient long (VAL) opsin genes (valopa and valopb), depending on brain area, time of day and light condition, in the adult male zebrafish. Differential regulation of the valop genes in the thalamus and arrhythmic expression in the midbrain and hindbrain suggest their involvement in time‐ and light‐dependent physiology to adjust to environmental changes.
Yeast contribution to melatonin, melatonin isomers and tryptophan ethyl ester during alcoholic fermentation of grape musts
Authors: Vigentini Ileana , Gardana Claudio , Fracassetti Daniela , Gabrielli Mario , Foschino Roberto , Simonetti Paolo , Tirelli Antonio , Iriti Marcello 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMelatonin (MEL) has been found in some medicinal and food plants, including grapevine, a commodity of particular interest for the production of wine, a beverage of economic relevance. It has also been suggested that MEL in wine may, at least in part, contribute to the health‐promoting properties attributed to this beverage and, possibly, to other traditional Mediterranean foodstuffs. After a preliminary screening of 9 yeast strains in laboratory medium, three selected strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118, Torulaspora delbrueckii CBS1146T and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC36947T) were inoculated in experimental musts obtained from 2 white (Moscato and Chardonnay) and 2 red (Croatina and Merlot) grape varieties. The production of MEL, melatonin isomers (MIs) and tryptophan ethyl ester (TEE) was monitored during the alcoholic fermentation. The screening showed that the three investigated strains produced the highest concentrations of MEL and two MIs in optimal growth conditions. However, MEL and MIs were not produced in oenological conditions, but the three strains synthesized high concentrations of a new MI and TEE in musts.
Piperine inhibit inflammation, alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers breakdown in a rat periodontitis model
Authors: Dong Y. , Huihui Z. , Li C. 
Published: March 2015

Background and ObjectivePiperine exhibits anti‐inflammatory activity, and has a long history of medicinal use. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of piperine on inflammation, alveolar bone and collagen fibers in experimental periodontitis. We evaluated the related expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and MMP‐13 to enhance insight into these effects.Material and MethodsThirty‐two Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each: control group, periodontitis group, periodontitis plus 50 mg/kg piperine group and periodontitis plus 100 mg/kg piperine group. Histopathologic changes were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alveolar bone loss and trabecula microstructures were evaluated by micro‐computed tomography. Changes in collagen fibers were assessed by picrosirius red staining. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MMP‐8 and MMP‐13.ResultsPiperine clearly inhibited alveolar bone loss and reformed trabecula microstructures in a dose‐dependent manner. Histological staining showed that piperine significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammation in soft tissues. Both doses of piperine limited the fractions of degraded areas in collagen fibers. Piperine (100 mg/kg) significantly downregulated the expressions of IL‐1β, MMP‐8 and MMP‐13 in periodontitis, but not that of TNF‐α.ConclusionPiperine displays significantly protective effects on inflammation, alveolar bone loss, bone microstructures and collagen fiber degradation in experimental periodontitis. The effects may be ascribed to its inhibitory activity on the expressions of IL‐1β, MMP‐8 and MMP‐13.
Antimicrobial efficacy of an innovative emulsion of medium chain triglycerides against canine and feline periodontopathogens
Authors: Laverty G. , Gilmore B. F. , Jones D. S. , Coyle L. , Folan M. , Breathnach R. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVESTo test the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of a non‐toxic emulsion of free fatty acids against clinically relevant canine and feline periodontopathogensMETHODSAntimicrobial kill kinetics were established utilising an alamarBlue® viability assay against 10 species of canine and feline periodontopathogens in the biofilm mode of growth at a concentration of 0·125% v/v medium chain triglyceride (ML:8) emulsion. The results were compared with 0·12% v/v chlorhexidine digluconate and a xylitol‐containing dental formulation. Mammalian cellular cytotoxicity was also investigated for both the ML:8 emulsion and chlorhexidine digluconate (0·25 to 0·0625% v/v) using in vitro tissue culture techniques.RESULTSNo statistically significant difference was observed in the antimicrobial activity of the ML:8 emulsion and chlorhexidine digluconate; a high percentage kill rate (>70%) was achieved within 5 minutes of exposure and was maintained at subsequent time points. A statistically significant improvement in antibiofilm activity was observed with the ML:8 emulsion compared with the xylitol‐containing formulation. The ML:8 emulsion possessed a significantly lower (P < 0·001) toxicity profile compared with the chlorhexidine digluconate in mammalian cellular cytotoxicity assays.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe ML:8 emulsion exhibited significant potential as a putative effective antimicrobial alternative to chlorhexidine‐ and xylitol‐ based products for the reduction of canine and feline periodontopathogens.
Annual plant community assembly in edaphically heterogeneous environments
Authors: Luzuriaga Arantzazu L. , González José M. , Escudero Adrián 
Published: March 2015

AbstractQuestionsDoes edaphic heterogeneity (i.e. switches between gypsum and calcareous soils) affect annual plant community assembly in highly restrictive soils? Our main hypothesis is that soil filtering is the main determinant of species assembly, subsequently modulated by climate and lastly by biotic interactions, such as Stipa tenacissima and the biological soil crust (BSC) at fine spatial scales. Our study system is highly suitable to test the importance of edaphic heterogeneity to the assembly of annual plant communities, since calcareous and gypsum soils are in close contact and freely receive propagules.LocationAnnual plant communities of semi‐arid steppes in central Spain.MethodsWe built a soil affinity index (SAI) for each species to measure mean soil affinity (MSA; analogous to the community‐weighted mean – CWM) in each local assemblage.ResultsMost species were able to establish in both substrates, but gypsum soils clearly exerted a stronger filtering effect. Stipa favoured an expansion of the niche space in calcareous soils but not in gypsum, and BSCs not only reduced annual species richness, diversity and cover, but also the range of SAI values of local assemblages.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of the probabilistic filtering (sensu From plant traits to vegetation structure, 2010, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK) of soil characteristics to the assembly of annual plant communities, as opposed to an ‘all‐or‐nothing’ filter.
Acinetobacter strains carry two functional oligosaccharyltransferases, one devoted exclusively to type IV pilin, and the other one dedicated to O‐glycosylation of multiple proteins
Authors: Harding Christian M. , Nasr Mohamed A. , Kinsella Rachel L. , Scott Nichollas E. , Foster Leonard J. , Weber Brent S. , Fiester Steve E. , Actis Luis A. , Tracy Erin N. , Munson Robert S. , Feldman Mario F. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMultiple species within the Acinetobacter genus are nosocomial opportunistic pathogens of increasing relevance worldwide. Among the virulence factors utilized by these bacteria are the type IV pili and a protein O‐glycosylation system. Glycosylation is mediated by O‐oligosaccharyltransferases (O‐OTases), enzymes that transfer the glycan from a lipid carrier to target proteins. O‐oligosaccharyltransferases are difficult to identify due to similarities with the WaaL ligases that catalyze the last step in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. A bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of two genes encoding putative O‐OTases or WaaL ligases in most of the strains within the genus Acinetobacter. Employing A. nosocomialis M2 and A. baylyi ADP1 as model systems, we show that these genes encode two O‐OTases, one devoted uniquely to type IV pilin, and the other one responsible for glycosylation of multiple proteins. With the exception of ADP1, the pilin‐specific OTases in Acinetobacter resemble the TfpO/PilO O‐OTase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In ADP1 instead, the two O‐OTases are closely related to PglL, the general O‐OTase first discovered in Neisseria. However, one of them is exclusively dedicated to the glycosylation of the pilin‐like protein ComP. Our data reveal an intricate and remarkable evolutionary pathway for bacterial O‐OTases and provide novel tools for glycoengineering.
William Louis Abbott in Madagascar: Revisiting Archival and Museum Resources of a Smithsonian Naturalist from the 1890s
Authors: Taylor Paul Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article introduces an important group of ethnographic, biological, and unpublished archival materials deriving from two expeditions to Madagascar by American naturalist William Louis Abbott (1860–1936). The first was from February to September 1890; the second from January to July 1895 when Abbott rushed back to Madagascar not only to collect for the Smithsonian but also to join the Merina in their unsuccessful war of independence against the encroaching French government. Beyond summarizing localities he visited and the current organization and usefulness of his collections for research, the article attempts to interpret archival records to assess Abbott's collecting focus, biases, and purposes; his perspectives on contemporaneous events in Madagascar; and also the role that “naturalist” collectors such as Abbott played within the history of anthropology and of museums. Ethnographic information is embedded not only within the ethnographic collections but also within associated biological collections and archives. [Madagascar, William Louis Abbott, naturalist, ethnographic collections, Smithsonian Institution]
Pitch Organisation in Scriabin's Tenth Sonata
Authors: Kallis Vasilis 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the Tenth Sonata, Op. 70, Scriabin introduces two new scales into his repository of pitch material, the hexatonic and the hyper‐hexatonic. His approach to the organisation of pitch remains fixed on the interaction between scales (non‐diatonic modes) via specific variable scale degrees. In the Sonata, the newly introduced hyper‐hexatonic scale interacts with the acoustic‐octatonic scale (the union of the two scales – acoustic and octatonic – that dominate the composer's oeuvre between Op. 58 and Op. 69). The interaction process is facilitated by two chromatic pairs formed by two variable scale degrees: and . At the same time, the enrichment of his pitch material allows Scriabin on the one hand to invest in the transparency of the formal structure, and on the other to create an elaborate scheme of larger‐scale transpositional operations within and across the Sonata's main sections.
At the centre of neuronal, synaptic and axonal pathology in murine prion disease: degeneration of neuroanatomically linked thalamic and brainstem nuclei
Authors: Reis Renata , Hennessy Edel , Murray Caoimhe , Griffin Éadaoin W. , Cunningham Colm 
Published: February 2015

AimsThe processes by which neurons degenerate in chronic neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Synaptic loss and axonal pathology frequently precede neuronal loss and protein aggregation demonstrably spreads along neuroanatomical pathways in many neurodegenerative diseases. The spread of neuronal pathology is less studied.MethodsWe previously demonstrated severe neurodegeneration in the posterior thalamus of multiple prion disease strains. Here we used the ME7 model of prion disease to examine the nature of this degeneration in the posterior thalamus and the major brainstem projections into this region.ResultsWe objectively quantified neurological decline between 16 and 18 weeks post‐inoculation and observed thalamic subregion‐selective neuronal, synaptic and axonal pathology while demonstrating relatively uniform protease‐resistant prion protein (PrP) aggregation and microgliosis across the posterior thalamus. Novel amyloid precursor protein (APP) pathology was particularly prominent in the thalamic posterior (PO) and ventroposterior lateral (VPL) nuclei. The brainstem nuclei forming the major projections to these thalamic nuclei were examined. Massive neuronal loss in the PO was not matched by significant neuronal loss in the interpolaris (Sp5I), while massive synaptic loss in the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) did correspond with significant neuronal loss in the principal trigeminal nucleus. Likewise, significant VPL synaptic loss was matched by significant neuronal loss in the gracile and cuneate nuclei.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate significant spread of neuronal pathology from the thalamus to the brainstem in prion disease. The divergent neuropathological features in adjacent neuronal populations demonstrates that there are discrete pathways to neurodegeneration in different neuronal populations.
Need for sedation and analgesia in patients with a history of substance misuse admitted to an intensive care unit
Authors: Ruiz‐García Teresa , Nogué‐Xarau Santiago , Zavala‐Zegarra Elisabeth , Cirera‐Guasch Anna , Ríos‐Guillermo José 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with a history of substance misuse may develop tolerance to analgesics and psychotropic drugs which alter the need for sedation and analgesia after ICU admittance.AimsThe objective was to qualify and quantify the needs for sedation and analgesia in critically ill patients with and without a history of substance misuse admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).DesignA 2‐year prospective, observational study.MethodsPatients admitted to an ICU who required sedation and analgesia for ≥72 h were included and were classified as substance misusers and non‐substance misusers. We analysed demographic data and the consumption of alcohol and other substances. Comparisons between groups were made using the non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables. The analysis was made using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows. Statistical significance was established as p < 0·05.ResultsWe included 44 patients, of whom 31 (70·3%) were users of ≥1 substance. The median age was 47 years, 8 (18·2%) patients were female. The most‐consumed substances were tobacco (56·8%), alcohol (54·5%), cannabis (13·6%), amphetamines (11·4%) and cocaine (9·1%). Toxicological samples were positive for alcohol (65·2%, mean blood alcohol level 1·38 ± 1·05 g/L). There were no significant differences in the need for sedation between substance misusers and non‐substance misusers (p > 0·05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of substance misuse in this population was high. We found no greater need for sedation in patients with a history of substance misuse although these patients often require three or more drugs to achieve optimal sedation.Relevance to clinical practicePhysicians and nurses should be aware of substance misuse in order to provide adequate care by optimizing drug administration and dosages in the ICU.