bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired Immunity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Hamsters
Authors: Hayatsu Eizo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was prepared from a culture in a liquid medium supplemented with water extract of egg yolk. Vaccinated Syrian hamsters were exposed to virulent M. pneumoniae aerosol and were examined for the retention of mycoplasmas and for histopathological changes in the respiratory tracts. When a vaccine prepared with strain FH was administered intramuscularly or by inhalation in aerosol, no significant resistance was shown with respect to mycoplasma proliferation. An increased resistance, however, was observed when an aluminium phosphate‐adsorbed vaccine, and when a plain vaccine (although to a lesser degree) prepared with hamster 24‐passaged strain FH, was administered intramuscularly. Histopathologically, lung lesions were markedly suppressed in groups showing high resistance. A correlation between the serum antibody titer and the resistance to infection was observed. Hamsters which received a hyperimmune rabbit antiserum intracordally showed a high resistance to M. pneumoniae infection. The suppression of histopathological changes also coincided with high complement‐fixing antibody titers of either actively or passively immunized hamster serum. The results suggest that humoral immunity plays an important role in resistance to M. pneumoniae pneumonia in hamsters.
Behavior of a Vigorous α‐ or β‐Hemolysin‐Producing Strain of Staphylococcus aureus in the Cutaneous Tissue of Mice
Authors: Takeuchi Shotaro , Nakajima Yasuyuki , Shoya Shigemi , Suto Tsuneji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for behavior in the cutaneous tissue of mice by the fluorescent antibody technique, hematoxylin and eosin staining. When about 108 viable cells of an α‐hemolysin‐producing strain (Wood 46) were inoculated subcutaneously into a mouse, they multiplied in the subcutaneous tissue of the mouse and gradually entered the corium to produce α‐hemolysin and nuclease. Edematous and necrotic lesions were observed in the cutaneous tissue where the organisms had multiplied. When 108 viable cells of a β‐hemolysin‐producing strain (Kitami 3–9D) were inoculated into a mouse, they multiplied within a narrow extent surrounded mainly by infiltrating leukocytes and produced mainly β‐hemolysin. The changes of cutaneous tissue were weaker in mice inoculated with Kitami 3‐9D strain than in mice inoculated with strain Wood 46. When 106 viable cells of both strains were inoculated into mice, they were phagocytized by leukocytes. Neither multiplication of organisms nor production of any active extracellular substance was observed in these mice. Edema, degeneration, and necrosis were also noticed in the cutaneous tissue of mice inoculated with α‐ and β‐hemolysin. In addition, the infiltration of leukocytes was inhibited mainly by α‐hemolysin.
Immune Reconstitution in the Immunodeficient Chicken by Transfer of Embryonic Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Moriya Osamu , Ichikawa Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEmbryonic chickens were rendered immunodeficient by in ovo injection of homologous IgM on the 10th embryonic day. The immunodeficient embryos were intravenously given lymphoid cells taken from normal embryonic bursa, spleen or thymus on the 15th embryonic day. Gain of splenic or bursal weight, natural antibodies to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), frequencies of rosette forming cells (RFC) binding to SRBC or dinitrophenyl‐SRBC (DNP‐SRBC) and of immunoglobulin bearing cells (IBC) in the bursa and the spleen were investigated to assess the effect of transferred cells during the embryonic stage. Transferred bursal and splenic cells showed an ability to restore the frequency of RFC or IBC in the recipients. However, reversion from the immunodeficient state was not observed in the thymic cell transfer. These findings suggested that the cells derived from embryonic bursa and spleen contained stem cells which developed into RFC and also into precursors of IBC.
Age Related Differences in Cellular Immune Response to Vaccine Induced Rubella Infection
Authors: Chiba Yasuo , Fitzpatrick Paul , Patel Pratibha , Scott Ronald , Ogra Pearay L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEmploying the techniques of in‐vitro lymphocyte transformation (LTF) and using Putnam strain of rubella virus as the antigen, the development of rubella specific cellular immune response was studied in different age groups of rubella seronegative normal subjects at various intervals after subcutaneous administration of HPV‐77/DE5 live attenuated rubella vaccine. The rubella specific lymphocyte response in children ranging in age from two to twelve years was characterized by significant LTF activity at two months, followed by a gradual decrease. The response in adult subjects 18 to 35 years of age showed a slight delay initially in the appearance and the maximum LTF activity appeared to be 3–4 fold lower (P < 0.01) than observed in the children. No difference was observed in the maximum antibody titers to rubella virus between these two groups of subjects. These observations suggest that the age related differences in the lymphoproliferative responses might be associated with adverse effects which are known to occur more frequently in adolescent and older patients than in childhood population after vaccine induced rubella infection.
Genetic Control of Granuloma Response to Oil‐Associated BCG Cell Wall Vaccine in Mice
Authors: Yamamoto Ken‐Ichi , Kakinuma Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntravenous injection of mice with BCG cell wall vaccine induces granuloma in the lung. The granuloma induced as measured by lung weight showed marked strain differences; C3H/HeMs bred in this Institute (C3H), C3HeB/FeJ, P/J and A/He were low responders, whereas C57BL/6 and AKR/He were high responded. When C57BL/6 and C3H were compared, the responsiveness appeared to be inherent in each strain of mice providing strong evidence for genetic control in this phenomenon. Breeding experiments suggested that multiple loci, including a MHC‐linked locus, were involved although the role of the MHC‐linked loci was marginal.
Cell‐Mediated Immunity to Mouse Adenovirus Infection
Authors: Inada Toshiki , Uetake Hisao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCell‐mediated immunity (CMI) to mouse adenovirus (M‐Ad) infection was studied by macrophage migration inhibition test (MMI) as one of in vitro correlates of CMI.Both direct and indirect tests showed clearly that migration of packed peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) (immune mouse or nonimmune guinea pig) was remarkably inhibited; MIF was produced by interactions between immune PEC and infected cell extracts and between immune spleen cells and infected cells or their extracts. The antigen(s) responsible for the above MMI was demonstrated in 6‐ to 12‐hour infected ME cells, and FUdR‐treated infected ME cells. Since under these conditions there is S antigen(s) synthesis but not capsid antigen synthesis, the antigen(s) concerned must be an S antigen(s). T cells sensitized to infected cells were shown to be required to induce MMI.The MMI is specific for M‐Ad, since no cross MMI was observed between M‐Ad and SV40 systems. Time course study of the development of CMI to M‐Ad by MMI tests showed that CMI became detectable 4 days post‐infection (pi), reached its peak level about 10 days pi, and faded away rapidly in about 10 days thereafter.
Studies on the Experimental Cardiac Involvement and Cell‐Mediated Immunity in Germ‐Free Mice Sensitized with Killed Group A Streptococci
Authors: Iwaku Tateo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractElectrocardiographic changes and cell‐mediated immunity in germ‐free mice sensitized with formalin‐killed group A streptococci were studied. In germ‐free mice sensitized with formalin‐killed group A streptococci, a marked prolongation of the PQ interval in electrocardiogram (ECG) was observed at the fourth and seventh week of the sensitization, and significant increases of [3H] thymidine uptake of lymphoid cells by stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA‐M), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and streptococcal mucopeptide were observed at the second, third and sixth week of the sensitization. Moreover, in macrophage migration inhibition test, migration inhibition of macrophages by streptococcal mucopeptide antigen was seen at the third, fifth and sixth week, and by heat‐killed streptococci at the first and third week of the sensitization. In contrast, no electrocardiographic change and slight increases of [3H] thymidine uptake of lymphoid cells by stimulation with mitogens or streptococcal antigens were observed in non‐sensitized germ‐free mice and also in germ‐free mice sensitized with formalin‐killed staphylococci or treated with physiological saline.In germ‐free mice sensitized with streptococci, their body weight did not increase and cyanosis on lips or extremities of the mice was noted throughout the experimental period.Light microscopic histological examination could not reveal any changes that suggest damage of the myocardial tissue.
Inhibition by Potassium Ion of the Pregerminative Response to L‐Alanine of Unactivated Spores of Bacillus cereus T
Authors: Shibata Hirofumi , Takamatsu Hiroaki , Minami Masako , Tani Isamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of potassium ion on L‐alanine‐inosine‐induced germination of unactivated spores of Bacillus cereus T was studied. Unactivated spores germinated in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (NaPB), but not 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (KPB), at pH 8.0 and at 30 C. Inhibition of germination was also observed on incubation of unactivated spores in NaPB containing potassium chloride. Previously it was demonstrated that germination of unactivated spores involves at least two steps, one induced by L‐alanine, and the other by inosine. Potassium ion seems to inhibit the response of the spores to inosine, because: (1) Spores that had been preincubated with L‐alanine in NaPB or KPB, germinated in NaPB but not KPB in the presence of inosine. (2) During germination in NaPB, incorporation of L‐[14C] alanine showed bimodal kinetics with a rapid first phase and a second continuous phase, but in KPB the second phase of incorporation did not occur.The events occurring before germination of unactivated spores are discussed with reference to the initiation of germination.
Process of Consecutive Cell Divisions and Separations in a Regular Tetrads‐Forming Mutant of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus)1
Authors: Monodane Toshihiko , Matsushima Yoshio , Kotani Shozo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA mutant MT of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) IFO 3333, whose minimum growing unit is not a single cell, but a tetrad unlike the wild‐type divides by binary fission of each monococcus, and then separates first into two daughter tetrads, second into four tetrads and third into eight tetrads. The three planes of either the cell division or the cell separation are equivalent to one another and oriented at right angles in three dimensions, respectively. The process of consecutive cell divisions and separations of the mutant tetrads was schematically illustrated.
Electron Microscopic Studies of Tumor Viruses
Authors: Miyamoto Kaneatsu , Sairenji Takeshi , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEntry of Epstein‐Barr virus into human lymphoblastoid cells (Daudi cells) was studied by electron microscopy. At the site of viral attachment, two distinct interactions conducive to penetration of the virus occurred between the viral envelope and cell membrane, namely, (i) simultaneous dissolution of both the envelope and cell membrane, presumably resulting in passage of viral capsids into the cytoplasm and (ii) dissolution confined to the cell membrane with resulting penetration of enveloped virus. In the latter case envelope dissolution appears to occur subsequently in the cytoplasm with release of capsids. Fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane was not observed.The capsids exhibited two distinct structural forms—one dense, the other translucent or light in appearance. The former disrupted near the cell membrane with release of viral cores into the cytoplasm whereas the light capsids containing dense cores migrated toward the nucleus and accumulated in the perinuclear region. Apparently the process of releasing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the light capsid is slowed down or prevented in Daudi cells. A hypothesis is presented concerning the manner in which these two types of capsids initiate infection.
New Plasmid‐Mediated Phosphorylation of Gentamicin C in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kawabe Haruhide , Naganawa Hiroshi , Kondo Shinichi , Umezawa Hamao , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin and 3′,4′‐dideoxykanamycin B contained two enzymes capable of inactivating gentamicin, i.e., an aminoglycoside 2″‐phosphotransferase and aminoglycoside acetyltransferase.
Studies on the Pathogenicity of Human‐Origin Parainfluenza Virus in the Brain of Mice
Authors: Shimokata Kaoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe pathogenicity of parainfluenza type 2 (croup‐associated) virus known to cause infections of the respiratory tract in the early life of man was studied in the brain of mice. One‐ to 4‐day‐old sucklings and 4‐week‐old mice were inoculated intracerebrally with the virus. The virus multiplied in sucklings, but not in adults. Most mice inoculated intracerebrally with the virus appeared healthy. Histological examination showed minimum inflammatory changes, although moderate hydrocephalus developed in three of twenty‐one sucklings by 6 weeks post‐infection. Immunofluorescent study in sucklings showed viral antigens in ependymal lining cells and choroid plexus epithelium during the first two weeks, and parenchymal cells for more than two months. Virus specific antibody response was observed in adults, but not in sucklings. One interesting finding was that viral antigens persisted in six out of 11 suckling brains for one to two months.
In Vitro Induction of Antibody‐Dependent Cytotoxic Macrophages by the Local Anesthetic Lidocaine
Authors: Kurisu Mariko , Yamazaki Masatoshi , Mizuno Den'ichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNormal macrophages were activated to antibody‐dependent cytotoxic effector cells by in vitro treatment with the local anesthetic lidocaine. Experiments on the dose‐response and time course of the effect of lidocaine showed that incubation of normal macrophages with 10 mM lidocaine for 10 min at 28 C was enough for induction of antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The activation by lidocaine was accompanied by enhanced phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) sensitized with anti‐SRBC antiserum, but not enhanced ingestion of polystyrene latex particles (PLP). These findings suggest that lidocaine, which has various effects on cell membranes, induces some perturbation of macrophage membranes, resulting in activation of Fc receptor functions in antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis.
Effect of Intestinal Flora on Megaenteron of Mice
Authors: Itoh Kikuji , Maejima Kazuyoshi , Ueda Katsumoto , Fujiwara KÔSaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCF#1 germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) mice as well as offspring of conventionalized GF (GF‐CV) mice were orally inoculated with Escherichia coli 0115a, c: K(B), a causative agent of megaenteron in mice. Although CV and GF mice showed no clinical signs and survived, all of the GF‐CV mice died with diarrhea by day 14 after inoculation. Thickened wall of the large intestine, microscopically showing proliferation of crypt type cells, was seen in GF and GF‐CV mice but not in CV mice. In addition, in GF‐CV mice, hemorrhage and severe erosion with marked inflammatory reactions were observed. While the inoculated E. coli could not colonize in CV mice, a level of 108 cells/g feces was maintained in GF mice from day 1 after inoculation to the end of examination (on day 28) and in GF‐CV mice from day 5 to the time of death. Newly prepared germfree (GF‐CV‐GF) mice obtained hysterectomy from GF‐CV mice showed a low sensitivity as comparable to that in GF mice. On the other hand, ex‐germfree mice produced by oral administration of feces of GF‐CV mice showed severe infection as comparable to that seen in GF‐CV mice. These results suggest that the intestinal flora may play roles both on protecting from the infection of pathogenic E. coli and on enhancing the infection.
Induction of C‐Type Virus in Cell Lines Derived from Calf Form Bovine Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Onuma Misao , Okada KŌSuke , Yamazaki Yooko , Fujinaga Kei , Fujimoto Yutaka , Mikami Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor attempt to detect an etiological agent, cultures from bovine lymphosarcoma cases (adult form (ALS), calf form (CLS), and thymic form (TLS)) were maintained in vitro for over a 18 month period. In two cultures from ALS, bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antigen was constantly detected. On the other hand, BLV antigen remained negative in cultures from two CLS and one TLS cases up to 40 passages. The RNA dependent DNA polymerase activities in these cultures were also negative.Treatment of a culture from CLS (3178) originated from liver tumor with 5′‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (IdU) and dexamethasone (DXM) resulted in production of an agent serologically and morphologically similar to BLV and in alteration of cell morphology. No virus was detected in culture from TLS after treatment with IdU and DXM.
In Vitro Assay for Responsiveness of Lymphocytes to Transfer Factor by a New Leukocyte Migration Inhibitory Test
Authors: Miyagawa Yukiaki , Kawasaki Akiko , Komiyama Atsushi , Akabane Taro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTransfer factor (TF) causes nonimmune lymphocytes to produce leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) in the presence of purified protein derivative (PPD). The activity of TF was measured by leukocyte migration inhibitory test (LMIT). The LMIT was a modification of the conventional agarose droplet method. To express the activity of LMIF quantitatively and simply, LMIF titer was introduced. The LMIF titer was obtained from the combination of two factors, LMIF dilution and cell migration diameter, and therefore this made the LMIT much more sensitive as compared to the conventional LMIT. The responsiveness of lymphocytes from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and from cell‐mediated immunodeficiency in children to TF was assayed by LMIT. In ALL, the lymphocyte responsiveness was poor in relapse but improved with remission. The responsiveness was remarkably well in 3 patients with cell‐mediated immunodeficiency. This method appears useful for the in vitro evaluation of responsiveness of lymphocytes to TF.
Concentrations of Immunoglobulins and Protein in Piglet Feces
Authors: Inoue Takeshi , Yamada Yasuko , Saito Toshio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe concentrations of immunoglobulins and protein in piglet feces at one day to ten weeks of age were assayed by the single radial immunodiffusion and by the Lowry method, respectively.The concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and total immunoglobulin were found to be significantly higher at one day and two days of age than those at one week to ten weeks of age. The concentrations of IgA, IgM and total immunoglobulin at two days of age were the highest and those at one day of age were the next highest. However, in case of IgG, there seemed to be no such difference in concentrations.There was almost no significant difference in concentrations of IgG, IgA and total immunoglobulin in feces at one week to ten weeks of age. On the other hand, the concentration of IgM at eight weeks of age seemed to be the least from one day to ten weeks of age.The concentration of protein at two days of age was the highest and that at one day of age was the next highest. Those at one week to three weeks of age were the least among those at one day to ten weeks of age.
Effects of Cyclophosphamide on the Expression and Induction of Delayed Hypersensitivity
Authors: Himeno Kunisuke , Nomoto Kikuo , Takeya Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractErythematous delayed reactions without induration, presumably assigned to Jones‐Mote type, were characterized by the resistance to treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) before elicitation or immunization in guinea pigs immunized with BGG in IFA or CFA. CY‐treatment before elicitation converted delayed erythematous reactions from negative to positive at late intervals after immunization with BGG in IFA. Such a treatment augmented erythematous delayed reactions in animals immunized with BGG in CFA, but abolished induration at the reaction sites. CY‐treatment before elicitation or immunization reduced the numbers of basophils at the reaction sites, although erythematous delayed reactions were augmented. Effector T cells responsible for delayed erythematous reaction without induration appear to persist for a long period of time after immunization in the presence of antibody production or tuberculin hypersensitivity and the expression of their function may be inhibited by suppressive mechanisms.
Replication of Mouse Cytomegalovirus in Thymidine Kinase‐Deficient Mouse Cells
Authors: Eizuru Yoshito , Minamishima Yoichi , Hirano Akiko , Kurimura Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn an attempt to determine whether mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) requires thymidine kinase (TK) for replication and whether it induces TK, TK‐deficient mouse cells were isolated and used as host cells for MCMV. Mutant cells resistant to 200 μg/ml of 5‐Bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) were selected from SV40‐transformed mouse cells, mks‐A TU‐7, by propagating the cells in the presence of varying concentrations of BUdR graded by serial 2‐fold increments. The mutant cells, designated as TU‐7 BU, showed a very low TK activity (less than 1/20 that of mks‐A TU‐7). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) replicated in starved as well as in unstarved TU‐7 BU, whereas MCMV could replicate only in growing TU‐7 BU and could not form plaques in monolayers of mks‐A TU‐7 or TU‐7 BU. HSV‐1 infection enhanced TK activity equally in both mks‐A TU‐7 and TU‐7 BU. In contrast, TK activity of MCMV‐infected mks‐A TU‐7 was lower than that of uninfected cells or cells inoculated with UV‐inactivated virus. In addition, TK activity of the MCMV‐infected TU‐7 BU remained minimal without showing any increase. The replication of HSV‐1 was completely inhibited in the presence of BUdR (10 μg/ml), whereas MCMV could replicate even in the presence of 50 μg/ml of BUdR. The results indicate that MCMV neither requires TK nor induces TK activity in the infected cells.
Isolation and Characterization of Defective Interfering Particle of Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Maeda Akitoshi , Suzuki Yasuo , Matsumoto Makoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNewcastle disease virus grown in embryonated eggs was separated and purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation into two distinct types of particles, B and T, the former being normal virus particles with high activities of hemagglutination, hemolysis, neuraminidase and infectivity, the latter being non‐infectious virus particles with low activities of hemolysis and neuraminidase but high hemagglutination activity. B and T particles were shown to share a common antigen by immunodiffusion test. T particles were deficient in viral RNA, since they contained only 13s RNA in a small amount, whereas B particles possessed a large amount of 57s RNA and a small amount of 13s RNA. T particles interfered with the multiplication of normal Newcastle disease virus in primary cultures of chick embryo cells.