bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐day waves in polar stratosphere and mesosphere temperature and mesospheric ice water measured by SOFIE/AIM
Authors: Liu Xiao , Yue Jia , Xu Jiyao , Yuan Wei , Russell James M. , Hervig Mark E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe temperature and column ice water content (IWC) of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) have been simultaneously measured by the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) on board NASA's Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite since April 2007. The 8 year (2007–2014) data of the temperature and IWC are used to extract the 5 day planetary waves (PWs) with zonal wave numbers ranging from −1 to −3 (eastward propagating mode, E1–E3), 0 (stationary mode, W0), and 1 to 3 (westward propagating mode, W1–W3) in the polar stratosphere and mesosphere. The 5 day PWs in temperature are stronger in the polar winter stratosphere and mesosphere and exhibit substantial interhemispheric asymmetry. The date‐height distributions of the 5 day waves coincide with those of the eastward jet in each hemisphere. This indicates that the 5 day PWs might be generated from barotropic/baroclinic instability in the polar stratosphere. The relative strengths of 5 day PWs decrease with increasing wave numbers. The E1 (W1) 5 day PW is stronger than any other mode in the winter stratosphere and lower mesosphere (summer upper mesosphere). SOFIE temperature and IWC data are derived from simultaneous measurements in the same air column and thus provide a good opportunity to study the phase relationship between the 5 day PWs in temperature and IWC. Our analyses show that the phase shifts of W1 5 day PW in temperature relative to that in IWC have a mean of −2.0 h (0.3 h) with a standard deviation of 3.8 h (4.2 h) in the northern (southern) polar region. This indicates that the formation of the W1 5 day PW in PMCs is controlled mainly by the W1 5 day PW in temperature and influenced by other factors and is consistent with previous studies.
Working environment and myeloproliferative neoplasm: A population–based case‐control study following a cluster investigation
Authors: Heavner Karyn , Gross‐Davis Carol Ann , Frank Arthur L. , Newschaffer Craig , Klotz Judith , Burstyn Igor 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundOccupational exposures, including those to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are suspected risk factors for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).MethodsWe investigated occupational exposures and MPN risk (54 cases and 472 controls) in a population–based case‐control study in three rural Pennsylvania counties. Occupational histories, coded to SIC/SOC 1980, were linked to a previously created PAH job‐exposure matrix. Odds ratios for industry (17 categories), occupation (26 categories), and PAH exposure were adjusted using logistic regression.ResultsNo industries or occupations were strongly or consistently associated with increased MPN risk. Analysis of employment duration found that being employed for 5 or more years in transportation, communications, and other public utilities was associated with MPN risk. There was no indication of an association with cumulative PAH exposure.ConclusionsThese few associations did not appear to have a common exposure. This exploratory study does not support the hypothesis that occupational exposure, including PAH, are strong risk factors for MPNs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:595–604, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of 2100‐MHz radiofrequency radiation on nasal mucosa and mucociliary clearance in rats
Authors: Aydoğan Filiz , Aydın Emine , Koca Gökhan , Özgür Elçin , Atilla Pergin , Tüzüner Arzu , Demirci Şule , Tomruk Arin , Öztürk Göknur Güler , Seyhan Nesrin , Korkmaz Meliha , Müftüoğlu Sevda , Samim Ethem Erdal 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundNasal mucociliary clearance has an important role in voiding the airways from inhaled foreign substances. This activity could be disturbed by environmental factors such as radiofrequency radiation. The aim of the present study was to investigate short‐term and relatively long‐term effects of 2100‐MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a 3G‐mobile phone, on the nasal septal mucosa and mucociliary clearance in rats.MethodsThirty Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups. There were 6 rats in Group A and Group B, which served as the control groups (10‐day and 40‐day groups, respectively). Groups C (10‐day exposure) and D (40‐day exposure) were both composed of 9 rats; they comprised the radiofrequency radiation exposure groups. The rats in groups C and D were exposed to 2100‐MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted by a generator, simulating a 3G‐mobile phone, 6 hours/day, for 10 or 40 days, respectively. After exposure, nasal mucociliary clearance was measured by rhinoscintigraphy. After euthanization, the nasal septa of the animals were removed, and tissue samples of the nasal mucosa were examined using a transmission electron microscope.ResultsThe differences in mucociliary clearances between groups A and C, groups B and D, and groups C and D were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Although there were no histopathological abnormalities in the control groups, the exposure groups showed a number of degenerated and apoptotic cells, ciliary disorganization and ciliary loss in the epithelial cells, epithelial metaplasia, alteration of normal chromatin distribution and karyolysis in nuclei, changes in the basal cells, and lymphocytic infiltration. The histopathological changes were more severe in group D.ConclusionRadiofrequency radiation at 2100 MHz damaged the nasal septal mucosa, and disturbed the mucociliary clearance. Ciliary disorganization and ciliary loss in the epithelial cells resulted in deterioration of nasal mucociliary clearance.
Characterizing Pressure‐Induced Uranium CH Agostic Bonds
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , Prescimone Alessandro , Farnaby Joy H. , Mansell Stephen M. , Parsons Simon , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe diuranium(III) compound [UN′′2]2(μ‐η6:η6‐C6H6) (N′′=N(SiMe3)2) has been studied using variable, high‐pressure single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, and density functional theory . In this compound, the low‐coordinate metal cations are coupled through π‐ and δ‐symmetric arene overlap and show close metalCH contacts with the flexible methyl CH groups of the sterically encumbered amido ligands. The metal–metal separation decreases with increasing pressure, but the most significant structural changes are to the close contacts between ligand CH bonds and the U centers. Although the interatomic distances are suggestive of agostic‐type interactions between the U and ligand peripheral CH groups, QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules) computational analysis suggests that there is no such interaction at ambient pressure. However, QTAIM and NBO analyses indicate that the interaction becomes agostic at 3.2 GPa.
Inverse Opale aus responsiven Hydrogelen für die Detektion von Makromolekülen
Authors: Couturier Jean‐Philippe , Sütterlin Martin , Laschewsky André , Hettrich Cornelia , Wischerhoff Erik 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDoppelt responsive Hydrogele in Form inverser Opale ermöglichen neue autonome Sensorsysteme für (Bio)‐Makromoleküle, indem ein analytinduzierter Phasenübergang die Strukturfarbe des Opals ändert. Die auf Oligo(ethylenglycol)‐Makromonomeren basierenden thermoresponsiven Systeme enthalten Comonomere mit diversen Erkennungseinheiten. Andocken eines Analyten verschiebt die Temperatur des Volumenphasenübergangs vom LCST‐Typ und induziert durch die spezifische Erkennung ein Quellen des Hydrogels. Dies verschiebt die Lage der optischen Bragg‐Bande bis weit über 100 nm und erlaubt die Detektion mit einfachen optischen Methoden. Dabei fördert die inverse Opalstruktur die effektive Diffusion auch von makromolekularen Analyten, wie von Glycopolymeren und Proteinen, im photonischen Kristall. Das variable Systemdesign liefert eine breit anpassbare Plattform für die Entwicklung von einfach zu verwendenden, schnellen und preisgünstigen Sensoren für Pathogene.
A Phosphorylation‐Induced Turn Defines the Alzheimer’s Disease AT8 Antibody Epitope on the Tau Protein
Authors: Gandhi Neha S. , Landrieu Isabelle , Byrne Cillian , Kukic Predrag , Amniai Laziza , Cantrelle François‐Xavier , Wieruszeski Jean‐Michel , Mancera Ricardo L. , Jacquot Yves , Lippens Guy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPost mortem biochemical staging of Alzheimer’s disease is currently based on immunochemical analysis of brain slices with the AT8 antibody. The epitope of AT8 is described around the pSer202/pThr205 region of the hyperphosphorylated form of the neuronal protein tau. In this study, NMR spectroscopy was used to precisely map the AT8 epitope on phosphorylated tau, and derive its defining structural features by a combination of NMR analyses and molecular dynamics. A particular turn conformation is stabilized by a hydrogen bond of the phosphorylated Thr205 residue to the amide proton of Gly207, and is further stabilized by the two Arg residues opposing the pSer202/pThr205.
Cu–N Dopants Boost Electron Transfer and Photooxidation Reactions of Carbon Dots
Authors: Wu Wenting , Zhan Liying , Fan Weiyu , Song Jizhong , Li Xiaoming , Li Zhongtao , Wang Ruiqin , Zhang Jinqiang , Zheng Jingtang , Wu Mingbo , Zeng Haibo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe broadband light‐absorption ability of carbon dots (CDs) has inspired their application in photocatalysis, however this has been impeded by poor electron transfer inside the CDs. Herein, we report the preparation of Cu–N‐doped CDs (Cu‐CDs) and investigate both the doping‐promoted electron transfer and the performance of the CDs in photooxidation reactions. The Cu–N doping was achieved through a one‐step pyrolytic synthesis of CDs with Na2[Cu(EDTA)] as precursor. As confirmed by ESR, FTIR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies, the Cu species chelates with the carbon matrix through Cu–N complexes. As a result of the Cu–N doping, the electron‐accepting and ‐donating abilities were enhanced 2.5 and 1.5 times, and the electric conductivity was also increased to 171.8 μs cm−1. As a result of these enhanced properties, the photocatalytic efficiency of CDs in the photooxidation reaction of 1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate is improved 3.5‐fold after CD doping.
High‐temperature‐resistant polymer gel system with metal–organic mixed cross‐linking agents
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhang Sisi , Li Liang , Wu Ruonan , Liu Dongming , Wu Jihui , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA high‐temperature (200°C)‐resistant polymer gel system was developed from partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), chromium lactate (CrL), and water‐soluble phenol/formaldehyde resin (WPF) mixed cross‐linkers. Rheological measurements indicated that the gelation process of the gel system could be divided into four successive steps: induction, first cross‐linking with metal cross‐linker, secondary cross‐linking with organic cross‐linker, and stabilization. Effects of various parameters that affect the gelation time and gel strength including polymer concentration, cross‐linker concentration, salinity, pH, and the gelation temperature were evaluated. Gelant formulated with 0.5 wt % HPAM, 0.1 wt % CrL, and 0.9 wt % WPF and treated at 80°C for 48 h showed sufficient gelation time, high rigidity, and good thermal stability. Morphology observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the gel had compact network microstructure. A cross‐linking mechanism for the gel system was proposed based on the gelation process and experimental results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42261.
Highly Active Supported Pt Nanocatalysts Synthesized by Alcohol Reduction towards Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde: Synergy of Metal Valence and Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Wang Yanyan , He Wanhong , Wang Liren , Yang Junjiao , Xiang Xu , Zhang Bing , Li Feng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to allylic alcohols or saturated aldehydes provides a typical example to study the catalytic effect on structure‐sensitive reactions. In this work, supported platinum nanocatalysts over hydrotalcite were synthesized by an alcohol reduction method. The Pt catalyst prepared by the reduction with a polyol (ethylene glycol) outperforms those prepared with ethanol and methanol in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The selectivity towards the C=O bond is the highest over the former, although its mean size of Pt particles is the smallest. The hydroxyl groups on hydrotalcite could act as an internally accessible promoter to enhance the selectivity towards the C=O bond. The optimal Pt catalyst showed a high activity with an initial turnover frequency (TOF) of 2.314 s−1. This work unveils the synergic effect of metal valence and in situ promoter on the chemoselective hydrogenation, which could open up a new direction in designing hydrogenation catalysts.
Formation of Metal Selenide and Metal–Selenium Nanoparticles using Distinct Reactivity between Selenium and Noble Metals
Authors: Park Se Ho , Choi Ji Yong , Lee Young Hwan , Park Joon T. , Song Hyunjoon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSmall Se nanoparticles with a diameter of ≈20 nm were generated by the reduction of selenium chloride with NaBH4 at −10 °C. The reaction with Ag at 60 °C yielded stable Ag2Se nanoparticles, which subsequently were transformed into M–Se nanoparticles (M=Cd, Zn, Pb) through cation exchange reactions with corresponding ions. The reaction with Pt formed Pt layers that were evenly coated on the surface of the Se nanoparticles, and the dissolution of the Se cores with hydrazine generated uniform Pt hollow nanoparticles. The reaction with Au generated tiny Au clusters on the Se surface, and eventually formed acorn‐shaped Au–Se nanoparticles through heat treatment. These results indicate that small Se nanoparticles with diameters of ≈20 nm can be used as a versatile platform for the synthesis of metal selenide and metal–selenium hybrid nanoparticles with complex structures.
Next generation vaccines and vectors: Designing downstream processes for recombinant protein‐based virus‐like particles
Authors: Effio Christopher Ladd , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn recent years, the development of novel recombinant virus‐like particles (VLPs) has been generating new perspectives for the prevention of untreated and arising infectious diseases. However, cost‐reduction and acceleration of manufacturing processes for VLP‐based vaccines or vectors are key challenges for the global health system. In particular, the design of rapid and cost‐efficient purification processes is a critical bottleneck. In this review, we describe and evaluate new concepts, development strategies and unit operations for the downstream processing of VLPs. A special focus is placed on purity requirements and current trends, as well as chances and limitations of novel technologies. The discussed methods and case studies demonstrate the advances and remaining challenges in both rational process development and purification tools for large biomolecules. The potential of a new era of VLP‐based products is highlighted by the progress of various VLPs in clinical phases.
A rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for evaluation of the absolute oral bioavailability of a novel c‐Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor QBH‐196 in rats
Authors: Zhang Qi. , Sun Jin , Lu Tianshu , Zhang Jinling , Wu Chunnuan , Li Lin , He Zhonggui , Zhao Yanfang , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA sensitive, selective and high‐throughput UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of a novel c‐Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, QBH‐196, in rat plasma. QBH‐196 and its analog BH357 (IS) were extracted from rat plasma using a mixture of dichloromethane and N‐hexane (2:3, v/v). The chromatographic separation was carried out on Phenomenex C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 µm particle size) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol (A) and water containing 0.05% formic acid (B) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The assay was performed by positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode using transitions of m/z 622.68 → 140.41 for QBH‐196 and m/z 591.19 →126.21 for the IS, respectively. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 8.0–4000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99) for QBH‐196 and the lower limit of quantification was 8.0 ng/mL in rat plasma. Validations of the method, including its sensitivity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, intra‐ and inter‐day precision, accuracy and stability, were all within acceptable limits. The established method was successfully applied to determine absolute oral bioavailability of QBH‐196 in rats for the first time. The mean oral absolute bioavailability of QBH‐196 was found to be about 40.8% and the elimination half‐life was 40.0 ± 13.1 h. This result suggested that QBH‐196 exhibits good oral absorption in vivo, which is very important for the further development of QBH‐196 as a new oral anticancer drug. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for Racism Against Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A Discourse Analytic Study of the Views of Maori Adults
Authors: Pack Sylvia , Tuffin Keith , Lyons Antonia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrevious discursive studies on the construction, reproduction and justification of racism have focussed on the accounts of perpetrators to the exclusion of the targets of racist talk. The current study redresses this imbalance by exploring the talk of targets of racism in Aotearoa/ New Zealand. Interviews were conducted with 24 participants, 19 Māori and five Pākehā partners. Our social constructionist discourse analysis identifies four primary discourses that participants drew on to account for racism, two of which resonated strongly with the literature and two which spotlighted new areas of interest. A discourse of ignorance functioned to allow participants to account for racism by highlighting Pākehā ignorance of Māori people and culture, and of racism itself. The second discourse implicated the media for emphasising negative Māori news, avoiding positive Māori achievements and promoting negative stereotypes. A third discourse constructed Pākehā as possessing an innate sense of superiority which contributed to racism, and fourthly, institutionalised racism was used by participants to construct a colonial society which continued to marginalise Māori. Finally we consider the implications of these findings with respect to existing literature, some implications around the intersectionality and relationship between these discourses, and the importance of potential gains in understanding made possible through the study of targets' perspectives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations of the Composition of the Leaf Cuticular Wax among Chinese Populations of Plantago major
Authors: Guo Yanjun , He Yuji , Guo Na , Gao Jianhua , Ni Yu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPlantago major L. grows in a very wide range of regions in China and exhibits great variations among populations. The analysis of the cuticular‐wax composition provides a potential approach to classify populations of P. major confronting different environmental conditions. Twelve populations of P. major and five populations of P. depressa Willd., distributed over regions with average annual temperatures ranging from −2.0 to 18.4°, were sampled, the variation of the composition of their cuticular waxes was analyzed, and their values of average chain length (ACL) and carbon preference index (CPI) were calculated. Great intra‐ and interspecies variations were observed for the total wax contents. The average annual temperature of the habitats was significantly correlated with the relative contents of the dominant n‐alkanes with an odd number of C‐atoms, but not with the wax contents. With an increasing average annual temperature, the relative contents of n‐alkanes C29 and C31 decreased, whereas those of C33 and C35 as well as the values of ACLtotal and ACL27–33 increased. Cluster analysis based on the pattern of the n‐alkane distribution allowed to clearly separate the populations of P. major according to the average annual temperature of their habitats, but not to separate the populations of the two species. Hence, the pattern of the n‐alkane distribution might be a good taxonomic marker for P. major at the intraspecies level, but not at the interspecies level. Nevertheless, a small difference between the populations of the two species was observed concerning the values of ACLtotal and CPItotal, implying the potential use of these indices for the classification of the populations of the two species at the interspecies level.
Fatty Acid Conjugates of Water‐Soluble (±)‐trans‐Selenolane‐3,4‐diol: Effects of Alkyl Chain Length on the Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Iwaoka Michio , Sano Nobukazu , Lin Ying‐Yin , Katakura Arisa , Noguchi Masato , Takahashi Kohei , Kumakura Fumio , Arai Kenta , Singh Beena G. , Kunwar Amit , Priyadarsini K. Indira 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFatty acid monoesters of the title compound (DHSred), of variable carbon chain length (propionate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, and stearate), were synthesized, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by means of a lipid peroxidation assay with lecithin/cholesterol liposomes. The selenides with long alkyl chains exhibited significant antioxidant activity (IC50=9–34 μM) against accumulation of lipid hydroperoxide. Incorporation of the myristate into the liposome was ≈50 % by EPMA analysis. Intermediacy of the selenoxide was examined by NMR. In addition, enhancement of interfacial redox catalytic activity was observed for the myristate, but not for PhSeSePh and edaravone, in a PhCl/H2O biphasic peroxidation assay. These results suggested that a combination of a hydrophilic selenide moiety as a redox center with a long alkyl chain is an effective approach to selenium antioxidants with interfacial glutathione‐peroxidase‐like (GPx‐like) activity. The activity can be controlled by the alkyl chain length.
ChemInform Abstract: RE10TCd3 (RE: Y, Tb ‐ Tm, Lu; T: Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd) ‐ Rare Earth‐Rich Phases with Ordered anti‐Co2Al5 Structure.
Authors: Johnscher Michael , Block Theresa , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized from the elements (flowing Ar, 1500 K for 2 min, 1300 K for 45 min, and 900 K for 2 h) and characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Tn(IV) Chloride Octahydrate.
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Voigt Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract[SnCl4(H2O)2]·6H2O is crystallized from a cold aqueous solution (53.39 wt% SnCl4) according to the solid‐liquid phase diagram (263 K, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Coexistence of High‐Tc Ferromagnetism and n‐Type Electrical Conductivity in FeBi2Se4.
Authors: Ranmohotti Kulugammana G. S. , Djieutedjeu Honore , Lopez Juan , Page Alexander , Haldolaarachchige Neel , Chi Hang , Sahoo Pranati , Uher Ctirad , Young David , Poudeu Pierre F. P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe title compound is a new n‐type semiconductor which shows high electrical conduction and ferromagnetism with Tc ≈ 450 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectroscopy of the Mixed‐Valent Boroseleniteselenate B2Se3O10.
Authors: Daub Michael , Scherer Harald , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized from a mixture of B(OH)3 and H2SeO4 (silica glass crucible, 265 °C) and characterized by single crystal XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and 77Se and 11B MAS NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of the Catena‐Heteropolycation 1∞[Sb2Se2]+.
Authors: Groh Matthias F. , Breternitz Joachim , Ahmed Ejaz , Isaeva Anna , Efimova Anastasia , Schmidt Peer , Ruck Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDark‐red crystals of [Sb2Se2]AlCl4 are prepared from mixtures of Sb, Se, AlCl3, and [bmim]Cl (160 °C, 7 d, up to 50% yield).