bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reincarnation and anti-essentialism: An argument against the essentiality of material origins
Authors: Deshmukh Ajinkya , Janssen-Lauret Frederique 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We argue that Indian speakers’ discourse about reincarnation represents a counterexample to the ordinary-language evidence for the Kripkean thesis of material-origin essentialism. Advocates of the essentiality of origins contend not only that persons have the property of coming from the two particular gametes they actually came from essentially, but also that competent ordinary-language speakers find this view intuitively compelling. We adduce evidence from Indian speakers’ discourse, both ordinary-language remarks and published literature about reincarnation, to disconfirm that contention. We argue that the view that persons are mental entities is clearly coherent, intuitive, and not obviously necessarily false. We consider mental essentialism as an alternative, according to which persons are only accidentally embodied or biological. But we argue against it in favour of a modally relative anti-essentialism: what properties count as essential to an object and what properties count as accidental is not fixed but varies according to pragmatic utility.
Factors Associated With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in People With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Domingues Vitoria L , Makhoul Marina P , de Freitas Tatiana B , Polese Janaine C , Silva-Batista Carla , Barbieri Fabio A , Torriani-Pasin Camila 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this review was to investigate factors associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior in people with Parkinson disease (PD). The magnitude of these associations was investigated in line with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health components.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted until February 2023, searching four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus) for original articles investigating associations with physical activity or sedentary behavior in people with PD. Two independent researchers performed data extraction, and the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the magnitude of the associations, and significant regression models from the included studies were described.

Results
Forty-two studies were included. Twenty-one factors associated with overall physical activity were identified. Higher levels of physical activity had a small association with cognition and body mass index and a fair association with 17 factors related to self-efficacy, physical function, mobility, quality of life, age, PD symptoms, and more. Better manual dexterity and functional gait had moderate to good associations with higher levels of physical activity. The regression model with the higher magnitude was composed mostly of contextual factors, except for the body max index. The magnitude of factors associated with physical activity intensity or sedentary behavior could not be identified.

Conclusion
Functional gait and manual dexterity were the strongest factors related to physical activity in people with PD. Further investigation is needed to understand the factors associated with physical activity intensity and sedentary behavior.

Impact
This study emphasizes the significance of considering contextual factors alongside body function and structure, activity and participation, and the health condition to enhance physical activity improvement during the rehabilitation process. By adopting such a holistic approach, rehabilitation professionals can optimize the overall health and well-being of individuals with Parkinson disease.
Socioeconomic impacts of land restoration in agriculture: A systematic review
Authors: Malan Mandy , Berkhout Ezra , Duchoslav Jan , Voors Maarten , Van Der Esch Stefan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Land restoration programmes are an increasingly popular tool to reduce degradation and increase livelihoods. This study aims to summarize the available evidence on the socioeconomic impacts of interventions aiming to promote land restoration or prevent land degradation, including agroforestry, conservation agriculture, integrated soil fertility management, and soil and water conservation. Using a systematic approach to selecting and assessing the quality of relevant studies, this review reveals a paucity of evidence. We identify twenty-nine causal studies, of which just six assess socioeconomic outcomes, only three studies were conducted outside of Africa, and none assessed agroforestry. The twenty-nine studies provide insights into thirty-five intervention–outcome combinations, of which 71 per cent reveal a positive impact on the outcome studies. We discuss the implications for policy and research.
The Unidroit Principles on International Commercial Contracts and sustainable development
Authors: Mouttotos Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A number of motivations currently drive multinational corporations to the inclusion, monitoring, and enforcement of contract requirements for sustainability. These can be either as a result of investor demand for environment, social, and governance policies; regulatory requirements for inclusion of such contract stipulations; or the increasing litigation for conduct leading to environmental harm, but they can also be a result of reputational risk linked to the failure of adoption of such policies. This article examines the role of contract law in enforcing such requirements, which have traditionally been viewed with suspicion due to their unilateral nature. The article poses the features of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law’s Principles on International Commercial Contracts as a beneficial regime to further the goals of sustainability through the use of contextual interpretation enabled through the good faith principle, the recognition of the importance of trade usages, and the limitations placed on party autonomy. The article posits that a major shift in the ideological orientation of contract law through the imposition of limitations on the pacta sunt servanda principle in order to protect the public interest is not warranted. Rather, tools such as contractual interpretation and the establishment of contractual standards of sustainability are better placed to ensure enforcement and compliance with the widely established practice of inclusion of sustainability standards and codes of conduct.
System analysis based on weighted gene co‐expression analysis identifies SOX7 as a novel regulator of hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Wang Xiaomei , Wang Zhongfeng , Gao Xiuzhu , Xu Hongqin , Gao Yanhang , Niu Junqi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is the essential pathological process of liver fibrosis (LF). The molecular mechanisms regulating HSC activation and LF are incompletely understood. Here, we explored the effect of transcription factor SRY‐related high mobility group box 7 (SOX7) on HSC activation and LF, and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found the expression levels of SOX7 were decreased in human and mouse fibrotic livers, particularly at the fibrotic foci. SOX7 was also downregulated in primary activated HSCs and TGF‐β1 stimulated LX‐2 cells. SOX7 knockdown promoted activation and proliferation of LX‐2 cells while inhibiting their apoptosis. On the other hand, overexpression of SOX7 suppressed the activation and proliferation of HSCs. Mechanistically, SOX7 attenuates HSC activation and LF by decreasing the expression of β‐catenin and phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 induced by TGF‐β1. Furthermore, overexpression of SOX7 using AAV8‐SOX7 mouse models ameliorated the extent of LF in response to CCl4 treatment in vivo. Collectively, SOX7 suppressed HSC activation and LF. Targeting SOX7, therefore, could be a potential novel strategy to protect against LF.
FTY720/Fingolimod mitigates paclitaxel‐induced Sparcl1‐driven neuropathic pain and breast cancer progression
Authors: Singh Sandeep K. , Weigel Cynthia , Brown Ryan D. R. , Green Christopher D. , Tuck Connor , Salvemini Daniela , Spiegel Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPaclitaxel is among the most active chemotherapy drugs for the aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Unfortunately, it often induces painful peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a major debilitating side effect. Here we demonstrate that in naive and breast tumor‐bearing immunocompetent mice, a clinically relevant dose of FTY720/Fingolimod that targets sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), alleviated paclitaxel‐induced neuropathic pain. FTY720 also significantly attenuated paclitaxel‐stimulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for activated astrocytes, and expression of the astrocyte‐secreted synaptogenic protein Sparcl1/Hevin, a key regulator of synapse formation. Notably, the formation of excitatory synapses containing VGluT2 in the spinal cord dorsal horn induced by paclitaxel was also inhibited by FTY720 treatment, supporting the involvement of astrocytes and Sparcl1 in CIPN. Furthermore, in this TNBC mouse model that mimics human breast cancer, FTY720 administration also enhanced the anti‐tumor effects of paclitaxel, leading to reduced tumor progression and lung metastasis. Taken together, our findings suggest that targeting the S1P/S1PR1 axis with FTY720 is a multipronged approach that holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for alleviating both CIPN and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC treatment.
An Intervention to Improve Evidence-based Nicotine Prescribing by Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Martinez Alaina , Sazegar Payam 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Nearly 70% of people who use tobacco want to quit. Combination nicotine replacement therapy (cNRT), a long-acting controller plus short-acting reliever, is the most effective way to prescribe nicotine but is infrequently prescribed by primary care physicians (PCPs). We tested the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief, educational intervention to increase cNRT prescribing by PCPs in a large integrated health system.

Methods
We conducted a pre-post study from 2022–2023 at a large integrated health system in California where specific NRT products are covered with a prescription. PCPs were offered a 30-minute virtual training about cNRT during a required monthly meeting (n = 267; 202 attended). The training was interactive, included simple “asks” and a 6-week follow-up communication. Chi-square analysis was used to test for changes in cNRT prescribing behaviors in the 6 months before and after training.

Results
Among physicians who completed a posttraining questionnaire (180/202), 93% reported increased confidence, 91% reported favorable attitudes, and 88% reported intention to prescribe cNRT. According to data obtained from the integrated pharmacy database, the total number of patients who received a cNRT prescription increased from the 6-month pre- to 6-month postintervention from 135 (9%) to 380 (23%), P < 0.001. The total number of physicians who prescribed cNRT increased pre- to posttraining from 78 (23%) to 124 (37%), P < 0.001.

Conclusion
cNRT is an underutilized form of tobacco cessation therapy by PCPs. This may reflect a gap in prescriber knowledge. A brief, virtual training delivered to PCPs was associated with increased cNRT prescribing.
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision Diagnosis Codes Are Overutilized in the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Ladna Michael , Madhok Ishaan , Bhat Adnan , Ruiz Nicole , Brown Jackson , Wilson Jake , Jiang Peter , Taylor Robert , Radetic Mark , George John , Forsmark Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Background
Retrospective studies and large databases, such as the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium, rely on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes to identify patients with specificity. This study aimed to determine if ICD-10 codes for CP are overutilized.

Materials and Methods
Retrospective analysis was conducted for patients with ICD-10 codes K86.0 (alcohol-induced CP) and K86.1 (other CP) from February 2018 to February 2020. Data were extracted from the integrated electronic data repository. This study was approved by the institutional review board. The diagnosis of CP was defined as either being made by a gastroenterologist, proven by biopsy, or having characteristic findings on cross-sectional imaging with appropriate symptoms.

Results
Five hundred four (37%) out of the 1360 patients had no evidence of CP. When broken down by diagnosis code, 41 of 176 charts (23.3%) with K86.0 and 461 of 1184 charts (38.6%) with K86.1 had no evidence of CP. Two hundred ninety-nine of these patients had either a single episode of acute pancreatitis, recurrent acute pancreatitis, or episode of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Of note, 81 patients had no identifiable abdominal pathology.

Conclusions
Although the OneFlorida database makes multicenter research more accessible, it does not replace labor-intensive chart review given the propensity for overdiagnosis.
Validating ICD-10-CM Diagnostic Codes With Laboratory Test Results for Use in Identifying Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: Indian Health Service, 2016–2021
Authors: Haberling Dana L. , Mauk Kerry , Bornstein Ethan , Nuorti J. Pekka , Apostolou Andria 
Published: August 2024

Background
National case rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea (CT/GC) among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are disproportionately high. The Indian Health Service (IHS), which provides health care to members of federally recognized tribes, does not currently have a dedicated CT/GC surveillance system. The purpose of this study was to validate the use of CT/GC diagnostic codes for estimating diagnosed CT/GC infections among AI/AN persons who use IHS services.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using IHS medical records from all persons 15 years and older from 2016 to 2021. We linked records with CT (A56, A74) and GC (A54, O98.2) International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes to laboratory results within 30 days for each person. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CT/GC diagnostic codes using laboratory test results as the reference standard.

Results
We identified more than 1.6 million CT/GC laboratory tests, and 52,815 CT and 19,971 GC diagnostic codes. Diagnostic code sensitivity was slightly higher for CT (54%) than GC (50%). Specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were high for CT and GC (range, 83.3%–99.8%). About one-third of CT/GC diagnostic codes could not be linked to a test result.

Conclusions
The validation indicates that diagnostic codes align well with linked laboratory test results. However, because of the relatively large number of diagnostic codes and positive test results that could not be linked, combining the 2 would inform more reliable estimates of diagnosed CT/GC infections among AI/AN persons who use IHS for health care.
Firearm Fatalities in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Cina Alexandra , Tarozzi Ilaria , Arunkumar Ponni , Gitto Lorenzo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gunshot injuries are one of the leading causes of death from trauma in the United States. In recent years, the US has experienced an increasing number of fatal pediatric cases related to firearms.
A search of the database of the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office over the period January 2016–December 2021 revealed 418 deaths by gunshot wounds (GSWs) among people aged between 0 and 18 years old. Subjects were subcategorized in infants (0 to 1 year), toddlers (≥1 to 3 years), preschool (≥3 to 6 years), preadolescents (≥6 to 12 years), and adolescents (≥12 to 18 years).
Most victims were males (n = 374) and adolescents (357 males and 30 females). Homicide (n = 373) was the most common manner of death. Only 2 deaths were accidental. Single GSWs deaths (n = 232) were more common than multiple GSWs (n = 186) and preferentially directed to the head in both homicides and suicides. Gang or robbery related events in areas of readily available firearms explained 4.5% of homicides (17 out of 373 cases). Among deaths by self-inflicted GSWs (n = 36), 7 cases were linked to psychiatric disorders, 3 to family difficulties, 2 to history of playing Russian roulette, and 2 to bullying at school.
Pediatric gunshot injuries and deaths are an important public health problem. Understanding and addressing individual and societal risk factors should be the first step toward prevention.
Ruptured Aortic Valve Aneurysm Caused by Infective Endocarditis in a SARS-CoV-2–Positive Autopsy Case
Authors: Takasu Shojiro , Matsumoto Sari , Kanto Yuko , Iwadate Kimiharu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aortic valve aneurysm, an extremely rare complication secondary to infective endocarditis (IE), may cause heart failure due to rupture of the aneurysm. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to cause cardiovascular complications and alter susceptibility to secondary infections such as IE. Herein, we report a case of IE with a fatal outcome caused by rupture of an aortic valve aneurysm in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive autopsy case. The patient was a 67-year-old male diagnosed with heart failure after presenting with edema and weight gain. He was found dead in bed 2 weeks after initial symptom presentation. Autopsy revealed an aneurysmal sac in the center of the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve with an opening of approximately 1 cm in the center of the aneurysmal wall. Histologically, aortic valve vegetation, destruction of the aortic valve cusp, rupture of the aneurysmal wall, and an abscess under the aortic intima were observed. Gram staining of the aneurysmal wall showed a gram-positive coccus. The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Because no defined risk factors for IE other than SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed, the association between IE and COVID-19 was highly likely.
Multicenter Observational Study of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Japan
Authors: Sakayori Takeshi , Wada Ken , Takebayashi Minoru , Ueda Satoshi , Machino Akihiko , Yoshimura Atsushi , Sawayama Enami , Maruyama Fumi , Tanabe Haruka , Takahashi Hidehiko , Azuma Hideki , Koishikawa Hiraki , Ozawa Hiroki , Okuhira Kazuya , Yasuda Kazuyuki , Miyakawa Koichi , Yoshimura Reiji , Ozaki Shigeru , Yokoyama Shin , Eto Shinkichi , Tomonaga Shoko , Isomura Shuichi , Nonomura Tsukasa , Okubo Yoshiro 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The present study is the first large-scale, multicenter survey on modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Japan. We aimed to comprehend the current implementation status of ECT based on the annual reports of 2016 from 21 facilities that were certified by the Japanese Society of General Hospital Psychiatry as ECT certified facilities and participated in this multicenter observational study.

Methods
We investigated the distributions of diagnosis, gender, and age of patients receiving acute-phase ECT, and the efficacy, safety, and adverse events.

Results
The number of patients receiving acute-phase ECT was 524. According to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, 344 patients (65.6%) were diagnosed with mood disorders (F3), 156 patients (29.8%) were diagnosed with schizophrenia and with schizotypal and delusional disorders (F2), and 151 subjects were male and 334 subjects were female. The mean age of patients was 60.4 years (SD 15.9), and patients 60 years or older accounted for 57.9%. Efficacy did not significantly differ between diagnoses, nor between genders. However, the efficacy rate was significantly higher in elderly patients. In acute-phase ECT, 4 severe adverse events occurred.

Conclusions
Our multicenter study confirmed that F3 (mood disorders) was the most common indication for ECT at 66%, followed by F2 (schizophrenia, schizotypal, and delusional disorders) at 30%, with no difference in efficacy, indicating that ECT is still performed as 1 of the treatment options for schizophrenia in Japan. The present results suggested that accumulation of annual data from multiple centers can be useful for more effective and safer ECT practices.
The Evolving Epidemiology of Infective Endocarditis: An Observational Study from Western India
Authors: Madan Surabhi , Vyas Aditya , Ramar Dharshni , Rana Manish 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOver the last few decades, the epidemiology and the management of infective endocarditis (IE) is undergoing significant evolution and advancements respectively. Many studies from the developed world and some from India have brought this to light.ObjectiveTo study demography, risk factors, microbiological spectrum, clinical profile, management, and outcome of IE in a tertiary care setup in western India.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 90 patients diagnosed with definite as well as possible IE and admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) and wards in our institute from April 2015 to May 2022. Demographics, signs and symptoms, laboratory results, echocardiography, radiological findings, treatment, and outcomes were studied.Results73 (81.1%) were definite and 17 (18.9%) were possible cases of IE. 93.3% cases were community-acquired, 6.7% were hospital acquired. Mean age of the patients was 43.3 + or - 18.8 years. Male: female ratio was 4.3:1. 62.2% had an underlying cardiac illness, with congenital heart disease (CHD) being the most common (18.9%) followed by rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (16.5%). Fever, weight loss, dyspnea, and cough were the common presenting symptoms. 69 (76.7 %) patients had native valve IE, 13 (14.4%) had prosthetic valve IE, 6 (6.7%) had vegetations on the endothelium without involvement of the valves, 2 (2.2%) patients had vegetations on the prosthetic material used for repair of congenital heart defects. About 48% of patients had a history of prior receipt of antibiotics. Blood cultures were positive in 48 (53.3%) patients. Most common valve infected was the mitral valve (MV) and the most common organisms isolated were the viridans group of streptococci (VGS), with penicillin (Pn) MIC <0.5 mcg/ml of all but one isolate. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), done in 17 patients, improved the pick-up of abnormal echo findings from 83.3% to 91.1%. Ceftriaxone was the most common antibiotic used. Surgery was done in 22 (24.4%) patients. 67 (74.4%) patients were cured, 14 (15.6%) patients died and 9 (10%) patients were lost to follow-up.ConclusionThe increasing age of patients, absence of any underlying cardiac ailment, the importance of TEE in patients with high suspicion of IE, and the trend towards early surgery were the important aspects highlighted with respect to the changes happening in the field of IE. Almost all the strains of VGS, the most common isolated organisms, retained their sensitivity to Pn and ceftriaxone, making the treatment possible with once-a-day dosing of ceftriaxone monotherapy, highlighting the utilization of outpatient antibiotic therapy (OPAT).