bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DG2GAN: improving defect recognition performance with generated defect image sample
Authors: Deng Fuqin , Luo Jialong , Fu Lanhui , Huang Yonglong , Chen Jianle , Li Nannan , Zhong Jiaming , Lam Tin Lun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article aims to improve the deep-learning-based surface defect recognition. In actual manufacturing processes, there are issues such as data imbalance, insufficient diversity, and poor quality of augmented data in the collected image data for product defect recognition. A novel defect generation method with multiple loss functions, DG2GAN is presented in this paper. This method employs cycle consistency loss to generate defect images from a large number of defect-free images, overcoming the issue of imbalanced original training data. DJS optimized discriminator loss is introduced in the added discriminator to encourage the generation of diverse defect images. Furthermore, to maintain diversity in generated images while improving image quality, a new DG2 adversarial loss is proposed with the aim of generating high-quality and diverse images. The experiments demonstrated that DG2GAN produces defect images of higher quality and greater diversity compared with other advanced generation methods. Using the DG2GAN method to augment defect data in the CrackForest and MVTec datasets, the defect recognition accuracy increased from 86.9 to 94.6%, and the precision improved from 59.8 to 80.2%. The experimental results show that using the proposed defect generation method can obtain sample images with high quality and diversity and employ this method for data augmentation significantly enhances surface defect recognition technology.
Effects of angle of incidence of stimulus light on photopic electroretinograms of zebrafish larvae
Authors: Matsubara Hisashi , Chujo Shinichiro , Mase Yoko , Muramoto Yukiko , Kato Kumiko , Kondo Mineo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn electroretinographic (ERG) recordings of zebrafish, the light stimulus is usually delivered by a fiber optic cable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the angle of incidence of the stimulus light from the fiber optic cable will affect the amplitudes and implicit times of the ERGs of zebrafish larvae. The larvae were positioned on their side with the right eye pointed upward. The light stimuli were delivered by a fiber optic cable from three directions of the larvae: frontal 0° (F0°), dorsal 30°(D30°), and ventral 30°(V30°). Photopic ERGs were recorded from 16 larvae at age 5–6 days post-fertilization. Our results showed that the mean amplitude of the b-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P = 0.014 and P = 0.019, respectively). In addition, the mean amplitude of the d-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.015, respectively). However, the difference between the b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° and V30° stimuli were not significant (P = 0.98), and the d-wave amplitudes were also not significantly different (P = 0.20). The average b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° stimulation was 84.6 ± 15.7% and V30° stimulation was 84.8 ± 17.4% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The average d-wave amplitudes elicited by D30° stimulation was 85.5 ± 15.2% and by V30° stimulation was 79.0 ± 11.0% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The differences in the implicit times of the b- and d-wave elicited by the different directions of stimulation were not significant (P = 0.52 and P = 0.14, respectively). We conclude that the amplitude of the photopic ERGs is affected by the angle of the incident light. Thus, it would be better to use ganzfeld stimuli to elicit maximum b- and d-wave amplitudes of the photopic ERGs of zebrafish larvae.
Magnesium enhances aurintricarboxylic acid’s inhibitory action on the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
Authors: Souto-Guevara Cecilia A. , Obiol Diego , Bruno Camila L. , Ferreira-Gomes Mariela S. , Rossi Juan Pablo F. C. , Costabel Marcelo D. , Mangialavori Irene C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur research aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) inhibits plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), a crucial enzyme responsible for calcium transport. Given the pivotal role of PMCA in cellular calcium homeostasis, understanding how it is inhibited by ATA holds significant implications for potentially regulating physiopathological cellular processes in which this pump is involved. Our experimental findings revealed that ATA employs multiple modes of action to inhibit PMCA activity, which are influenced by ATP but also by the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. Specifically, magnesium appears to enhance this inhibitory effect. Our experimental and in-silico results suggest that, unlike those reported in other proteins, ATA complexed with magnesium (ATA·Mg) is the molecule that inhibits PMCA. In summary, our study presents a novel perspective and establishes a solid foundation for future research efforts aimed at the development of new pharmacological molecules both for PMCA and other proteins.
Genetic diversity, chemical constituents and anatomical analysis of eight popular Olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars in Al-Jouf region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhaithloul Haifa A. S. , Awad Nabil S. , Qari Sameer H. , El-Homosy Rania F. , Qaoud El-Sayed M. , Alqahtani Mesfer M. , Ghanem Kholoud Z. , Alasmari Abdulrahman , Alzuaibr Fahad M. , Ghazzawy Hesham S. , Abdein Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn light of the multitude of olive trees cultivated and the lack of the genetic diversity of available genotypes to select varieties and lines that are characterized by high diversity and better performance under the corresponding conditions, A comparison analysis of the genotyping and morphological characteristics of eight olive cultivars growing in Saudi Arabia’s Al-Jouf region was conducted and analyzed. Morpho-anatomical and chemical characteristics along with both inter-simple-sequence repeats (ISSRs) and start-codon-targeted (SCoT) markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among eight olive varieties in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Analyses of 27 morphological, chemical, and anatomical characteristics concluded the existence of genetic differences among the studied varieties. Moreover, six ISSR and eight SCoT primer combinations produced a total of 48 loci, of which 18 (10 ISSR and 8 SCoT) were polymorphic. The average polymorphism information content (PIC values of 0.48 and 0.44, respectively) and marker index (MI of 0.79 and 0.48, respectively) detected for ISSR and SCoT markers revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity among the studied olive varieties. Based on chemical and anatomical characteristics and the selected molecular markers, the eight olive cultivars were grouped into two distinct clusters. Clusters in the adjacent joint dendrogram produced using ISSR, SCoT and combined data were similar, and grouped all individuals into two groups. However, the dendrogram generated on the basis of SCoT separated individuals into subgroups containing at least two varieties. The findings showed that both methods were effective in assessing diversity, and that SCoT markers can be used as a reliable and informative method for assessing genetic diversity and relationships among olive varieties and can serve as a complementary tool to provide a more complete understanding of the genetic diversity available in Olea europaea populations in Saudi Arabia.
Determining the changes in morphology and loading status following medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for flatfoot using patient-specific finite element models
Authors: Kobayashi Yumiko , Ikoma Kazuya , Maki Masahiro , Imai Kan , Kido Masamitsu , Okubo Naoki , Sotozono Yasutaka , Wang Zhongkui , Hirai Shinichi , Tanaka Masaki , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMedial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO) is the standard procedure for flatfoot. We investigated the effect of MDCO on the foot using a finite element analysis. Foot models were created from computed tomography data of 8 patients with flat feet. MDCO was performed on each model with bone translation distance of 4, 8, and 12 mm. The morphological changes, plantar pressures, and stress percentage on the talocrural and subtalar joints were evaluated before and after surgery. Morphological evaluation showed improvement in the medial longitudinal arch. The stress percentage of plantar pressure in the medial area decreased, and the stress percentage of plantar pressure in the mid- and lateral forefoot area increased. At the talocrural joint, the medial and middle stress percentage increased, while the lateral and posterior stress percentage decreased. In the subtalar joint, the stress percentage in the middle subtalar joint increased and that in the posterior subtalar joint decreased. Within the posterior subtalar joint, the anterior and medial stress percentage increased, while the posterior and lateral stress percentage decreased. Preoperative simulation using the finite element analysis may be useful in understanding postoperative morphological changes and loading conditions to perform patient-specific surgery.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of SCD411 and reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kang Se Woong , Choi Jaehwan , Sheth Veeral S. , Nowosielska Agnieszka , Misiuk-Hojlo Marta , Papp András , Brown David M. , Lee Jae-Ho , Barak Yoreh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo compare the efficacy and safety of the proposed aflibercept biosimilar SCD411 and reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, this randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multicenter study was conducted in 14 countries from 13 August 2020 to 8 September 2022. Patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. With subfoveal, juxtafoveal, or extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization were aged 50 years or older. Intravitreal injection of SCD411 or aflibercept (2.0 mg) were administered every 4 weeks for the first three injections and every 8 weeks until week 48. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to week 8 with an adjusted equivalence margin of ± 3.0 letters. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either SCD411 (n = 288) or reference aflibercept (n = 288). A total of 566 participants (98.3%) completed week 8 of the study. The least-squares mean difference of change in best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to week 8 (SCD411—aflibercept) was − 0.4 letters (90% confidence interval =  − 1.6 to 0.9). The incidence of ocular (69 of 287 [24.0%] vs. 71 of 286 [24.8%]) and serious ocular (5 of 287 [1.7%] vs. 3 of 286 [1.0%]) treatment-emergent adverse effects were similar between the SCD411 and aflibercept groups. Immunogenicity analysis revealed a low incidence of neutralizing antibody formation in both groups. In conclusion, SCD411 has equivalent efficacy compared with reference aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and has a comparable safety profile. The results support the potential use of SCD411 for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Wearable sensor-based quantitative gait analysis in Parkinson’s disease patients with different motor subtypes
Authors: Zhang Weishan , Ling Yun , Chen Zhonglue , Ren Kang , Chen Shengdi , Huang Pei , Tan Yuyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGait impairments are among the most common and disabling symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and worsen as the disease progresses. Early detection and diagnosis of subtype-specific gait deficits, as well as progression monitoring, can help to implement effective and preventive personalized treatment for PD patients. Yet, the gait features have not been fully studied in PD and its motor subtypes. To characterize comprehensive and objective gait alterations and to identify the potential gait biomarkers for early diagnosis, subtype differentiation, and disease severity monitoring. We analyzed gait parameters related to upper/lower limbs, trunk and lumbar, and postural transitions from 24 tremor-dominant (TD) and 20 postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant PD patients who were in early stage and 39 matched healthy controls (HC) during the Timed Up and Go test using wearable sensors. Results show: (1) Both TD and PIGD groups showed restricted backswing range in bilateral lower extremities and more affected side (MAS) arm, reduced trunk and lumbar rotation range in the coronal plane, and low turning efficiency. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed these objective gait features had high discriminative value in distinguishing both PD subtypes from the HC with the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.7~0.9 (p < 0.01). (2) Subtle but measurable gait differences existed between TD and PIGD patients before the onset of clinically apparent gait impairment. (3) Specific gait parameters were significantly associated with disease severity in TD and PIGD subtypes. Objective gait biomarkers based on wearable sensors may facilitate timely and personalized gait treatments in PD subtypes through early diagnosis, subtype differentiation, and disease severity monitoring.
Ancestral and contemporary intertidal mariculture practices support marine biodiversity in the northeast Pacific
Authors: Cox Kieran D. , Davies Hailey L. , Millard-Martin Ben , Black Morgan , Hessing-Lewis Margot , Smith Nicole F. , Juanes Francis , Dudas Sarah E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cultivation of seafood now outpaces extraction from wild populations. This novel state in the history of human-marine ecosystem interactions highlights the importance of identifying cultivation practices that balance production and conservation. Here, we test the hypothesis that two shellfish cultivation practices, one that spans decades and the other millennia, bolsters habitat complexity, which increases epifaunal (surface) invertebrate diversity. To do so, we conducted multiple surveys of 24 First Nations clam gardens, shellfish aquaculture farms, and non-walled or unmodified beaches along the west coast of Canada. We show that habitat alterations specific to each cultivation practice restructure epifaunal communities at several ecological and spatial scales. Distinct communities within clam gardens and shellfish farms are a function of habitat complexity at 25–50 and 50–100 cm resolutions and changes in the amount of gravel, bivalve shells, and seaweeds. Our findings highlight how resource cultivation can contribute to achieving sustainable human-ecosystem interactions.
An advanced integral sliding mode controller design for residual current compensation inverters in compensated power networks to mitigate powerline bushfire hazards
Authors: Roy Tushar Kanti , Mahmud Md Apel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work deals with designing an advanced integral sliding mode controller (AISMC) for residual current compensation (RCC) inverters connected with arc suppression coils to compensate for power distribution networks where the main idea is to alleviate hazardous circumstances caused by electric faults on powerlines. The key advancement in the proposed AISMC over traditional sliding mode controllers is the utilization of an improved exponential reaching law which ensures the faster convergence of the desired control objective that is the fault current compensation in this particular application. An improved exponential reaching law (IERL) used in this work is a combination of the exponential and constant‐proportional reaching laws (while existing approaches use constant reaching laws) which assists to minimize the current injection error through the RCC inverter in the steady‐state. The integral action in conjunction with the exponential function in the sliding surface, based on which the proposed controller is designed, helps to eliminate the chattering effects in a quickest way that can be evidenced from the settling time and percentage overshoot. The feasibility of the proposed AISMC is theoretically assessed by analyzing the stability using the Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation and processor‐in‐loop results further justify the theoretical foundation by confirming the desired current injection and compensating voltage and current due to the fault. Finally, results are compared with a TIMSC for demonstrating the superiority of the AISMC.
Voltage unbalance assessment in a distribution system incorporated with renewable‐based sources and electric vehicles in an uncertain environment
Authors: K. K. Nandini , Sabhahit Jayalakshmi N. , Jadoun Vinay Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work aims to assess the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) on the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) and a combined assessment of distribution network operational parameters such as voltage stability, reliability and power loss (VRP) index on modified IEEE 33 bus system under three distinct operational cases. A severe power quality issue such as voltage unbalance can result from integrating RESs and EVs with the distribution system. It effects the performance and durability of the consumer side as well as power system equipment. A coordinated charging–discharging strategy of EVs with RESs is proposed to keep the VUF within the acceptable limit. Solar and wind energies are uncertain and often unavailable at the time of load demand, which is modelled by Monte‐Carlo Simulation (MCS) for effective energy management. The fuel cell is used as a backup source to handle the variability of solar and wind energies. The proposed problem is solved using two different optimization methods i.e., a modified version of JAYA and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) using MATLAB software. The modified WOA outperforms the other optimization method and the existing literature in minimizing the % VUF and VRP index in case 2 operation, with values of 1.7 and 8.89 respectively. Case 3 also achieves low objective function values, but the VUF and VRP index are 11.76% and 9.67% higher than case 2 by modified WOA. This demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach and the proper uncertainty modelling of sources.
Induced voltage in piezoelectric tube driven segments and their use in nanopositioning, an assessment
Authors: Mohammadzaheri Morteza , Tafreshi Reza , Bazghaleh Mohsen , Grainger Steven , Khorasani Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA piezoelectric tube actuator has a number of segments or electrodes. The induced voltage and the piezoelectric voltage, two easy‐to‐measure electrical signals in piezoelectric tubes, have been used in position estimation of these actuators since 2006 and 1982. However, since introduction, the induced voltage has never been compared with the piezoelectric voltage for piezoelectric tubes’ position estimation. In addition, only linear models have been used to present the relationship between the induced voltage and the position of piezoelectric tubes. In other words, in the literature, it has been practically assumed that (1) the relationship between the induced voltage and the position is linear, and (2) the induced voltage can estimate the position more accurately compared to the piezoelectric voltage. This article assesses and nullifies both these assumptions. In this research, with the use of the experimental data, both aforementioned voltage signals were mapped into the position through linear and nonlinear models. It was shown that the position can be estimated less accurately with the induced voltage compared to the piezoelectric voltage, and the relationship of the position with the induced voltage presents higher and non‐negligible nonlinearity compared to the one with the piezoelectric voltage.
New ephemerides and detection of transit-timing variations in the K2-138 system using high-precision CHEOPS photometry
Authors: Vivien H. G. , Hoyer S. , Deleuil M. , Sulis S. , Santerne A. , Christiansen J. L. , Hardegree-Ullman K. K. , Lopez T. A. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Multi-planet systems are a perfect laboratory for constraining planetary formation models. A few of these systems present planets that come very close to mean motion resonance, potentially leading to significant transit-timing variations (TTVs) due to their gravitational interactions. Of these systems, K2-138 represents an excellent laboratory for studying the dynamics of its six small planets (with radii ranging between ~1.5–3.3 R⊕), as the five innermost planets are in a near 3:2 resonant chain.
Aims. In this work, we aim to constrain the orbital properties of the six planets in the K2-138 system by monitoring their transits with CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS). We also seek to use this new data to lead a TTV study on this system.
Methods. We obtained twelve light curves of the system with transits of planets d, e, f, and g. With these data, we were able to update the ephemerides of the transits for these planets and search for timing transit variations.
Results. With our measurements, we reduced the uncertainties in the orbital periods of the studied planets, typically by an order of magnitude. This allowed us to correct for large deviations, on the order of hours, in the transit times predicted by previous studies. This is key to enabling future reliable observations of the planetary transits in the system. We also highlight the presence of potential TTVs ranging from 10 min to as many as 60 min for planet d.
Weighing protoplanetary discs with kinematics: Physical model, method, and benchmark
Authors: Veronesi B. , Longarini C. , Lodato G. , Laibe G. , Hall C. , Facchini S. , Testi L. 
Published: June 2024

Context. The mass of protoplanetary discs determines the amount of material available for planet formation, the level of coupling between gas and dust, and possibly also sets gravitational instabilities. Measuring the mass of a disc is challenging, as it is not possible to directly detect H2, and CO-based estimates remain poorly constrained.
Aims. An alternative method has recently been proposed that does not rely on tracer-to-H2 ratios. It allows dynamical measurement of the disc mass together with the star mass and the disc critical radius by looking at deviations from Keplerian rotation induced by the self-gravity of the disc. So far, this method has been used to weigh three protoplanetary discs: Elias 2-27, IM Lup, and GM Aurigae.
Methods. We provide a numerical benchmark of the above method. To this end, we simulated isothermal self-gravitating discs with a range of masses from 0.01 to 0.2 M⊙ with the PHANTOM code and post-processed them with radiative transfer (MCFOST) to obtain synthetic observations.
Results. We find that dynamical weighing allows us to retrieve the expected disc masses as long as the disc-to-star mass ratio is larger than Md/M* = 0.05. We estimate an uncertainty for the disc mass measurement of ~25%.