bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erhaltung der Landwirtschaftsflächen bedingt Priorisierung der Leistungen (Essay)
Authors: Huber Robert , Flury Christian , Weber Michael , Pezzatti Marco 
Published: July 2015

Protection of agricultural land needs prioritization of goods and services (essay)
In Switzerland, productive agricultural land is scarce. Settlement development, forest encroachment and the expansion of natural habitats reduce the availability of agricultural surfaces and thus agriculture's potential to contribute to domestic food security. In addition, rural infrastructure developments as well as production immissions such as odor and noise increase land-use conflicts. To address these conflicts, society's demand for agricultural goods and services and the requirements of a productive agricultural sector must be reconciled by defining spatial areas in which goods and services provided by a multifunctional agriculture are prioritized. As shown by the example of the canton Zurich, such a spatial prioritization of agricultural goods and services allows for a consideration of synergies and trade-offs in actual planning processes to effectively protect agricultural surfaces.
Urban Forestry: Definition, Trends und Folgerungen für die Waldakteure in der Schweiz
Authors: Pütz Marco , Schmid Silvio , Bernasconi Andreas , Wolf Brigitte 
Published: July 2015

Urban Forestry: definitions, trends and consequences for forest stakeholders in Switzerland
Since the mid-1990s the term “urban forestry” is used as an umbrella term for different activities in research and practice dealing with trees, forest and green space in cities and agglomerations. Though, urban forestry means more than just city forestry or forestry in urban areas. On the occasion of the 17th International Conference of the European Forum on Urban Forestry (EFUF) in Lausanne from June 3–7, 2014, challenges and trends of the debates around green cities and urban nature have been discussed. This article gives an overview over the debate and pursues three goals: 1) the term urban forestry is defined and conceptualized from different perspectives; 2) current trends and challenges as discussed at the EFUF conference are sketched out; 3) correspondingly, consequences for forest stakeholders in Switzerland are deduced. Forests in urban areas can not be managed with traditional forestry concepts only. An important precondition to successfully deal with the current challenges is intersectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation. Five fields of action are focused on: urban green strategies, management partnerships, crosssectoral monitoring, integrative research, training and education, and interdisciplinary networks to share experiences and transfer knowledge.
Quarante ans de suivi de l'avifaune forestière nicheuse d'un chablis
Authors: Zollinger Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2015

Forty years of monitoring the breeding-bird community in a windfall area
After a hurricane, a secondary forest succession was studied during forty years (1974–2013) in a windfall area in the Canton of Vaud on the Swiss Plateau, from the sapling stage to the young forest stage, where a mixed stand with 77% conifers (four species) and 23% deciduous trees (two species) has grown. The breeding birds were surveyed on a 9.2 ha study plot during 21 breeding seasons using the territory-mapping method. Overall, 41 breeding species were recorded. Species richness varied from 12 to 25 species and population density from 35.9 to 98.4 territories/10 ha, both parameters showing a bimodal curve: first peak with the installation of semiopen habitat species, second peak with the arrival of pure forest species. The bird community is dominated by a group of seven rather generalist species, which are frequent and abundant. Bird diversity during the succession was positively influenced by the following forestry practices: leaving stumps, a small number of snags and patches of old stands, planting tree species in groups and limiting forestry management in the first five years. On the Swiss Plateau, open-spaced deciduous or mixed forests (≤50% conifers) with a diverse age structure should be favoured.
Medicinal plants with gastroprotective potential
Authors: Majeed Wafa , Khaliq Tanweer , Aslam Bilal , Khan Junaid Ali , Iftikhar Asra 
Published: July 2015

<p class="Abstract">Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a main source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by erosions in mucosal linings of stomach and duodenum. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori are mainly responsible for peptic ulcer disease. Histamine receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors are most prominent therapies in the treatment of peptic ulcer. However, severe adverse effects of NSAIDs have been reported. Therefore, focus is now diverted towards herbal formulations of medicinal plants for the treatment of ulcer. Plants contain different phytoconstituents which are responsible for increasing defensive mechanisms of body against peptic ulcer. The current review focuses on the commonly used gastroprotective plants as antiulcer agents.</p><p> </p>
Microwave Assisted Dissolution of Sri Lankan Ilmenite: Extraction and Leaching Kinetics of Titanium and Iron Metals
Authors: Premaratne W.A.P.J. , Rowson N.A. 
Published: July 2015

The kinetics of the leaching of titanium and iron from Sri Lankan ilmenite in a sulphuric acid medium heated by microwave energy is studied. The effects of the concentration of sulphuric acid, reaction temperature and particle size on the kinetics of dissolution of ilmenite are investigated. Results show that both the acid concentration and the temperature have significant effects on the rate of dissolutions of titanium and iron from ilmenite. The dissolution of both titanium and iron from ilmenite was controlled by a chemical reaction on the surface of ilmenite particles. Maximum extractions of 74.2 (±1.1) % of titanium and 71.3 (±0.8) % of iron from the ilmenite ore were achieved using a microwave leaching system of 600 W, 2.45 GHz. Experimental results further showed that the apparent activation energies for the dissolution of titanium and iron were 137 kJ mol-1 and 117.1 kJ mol-1 respectively. Therefore, microwave energy has a potential for the speedy and efficient leaching of ilmenite and in a commercial context it can be used as a more economical and environmental friendly process. The results of the mineralogical and chemical analysis studies for the ilmenite ore indicated that both ilmenite (FeTiO3) and pseudorutile (Fe2Ti3O9) minerals were present with a grade of 37.9% titanium. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 9 (2014): 01-14
Intraspecific Variation of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. Grown in Sri Lanka and Establishing a Suitable Propagation System
Authors: Priyadarshan A.I.S. , Senanayake S.P. , Jayatilleke M.P. , Rajapakse S. 
Published: July 2015

Flueggea leucopyrus belongs to family Phyllanthaceae, commonly known as ‘Katupila’or ‘Heen katupila’ and has become increasingly popular as an ingredient in several traditional therapeutic systems in Sri Lanka as well as in other Asian countries. A questionnaire survey was carried out using a hundred population sample to determine the awareness of the distribution and therapeutic uses of F. leucopyrus in Sri Lanka as a preliminary survey. The aims of the present study were to interpret the phenetic variation and determine the variation of phenolic composition in leaf extracts of F. leucopyrus in different climatic zones in Sri Lanka and to develop a suitable propagation system for F. leucopyrus. Eleven floral and vegetative characters of F. leucopyrus were observed and cluster analysis was carried out to infer phenetic relationships among populations collected from localities, Colombo, Kurunegala, Puttalam and Hambanthota, .representing different climatic zones. Medicinal value of most of plants lies in phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. Thus, leaf samples were extracted into ether, and ether extracts were used to isolate phenolic compounds using 2-Dimensional paper chromatography in solvent systems, butanol: acetic acid: water; 6:7:3 and sodium formate: formic acid: water; 10:1:200. Colors of the spots were observed under UV (366nm), and Rf values were calculated. Intra specific variations were observed in the distribution of phenolics in leaves and phenetic characters of F. leucopyrus with respect to their habitats in different climatic zones. Due to low seed production in F. leucopyrus, stem cuttings (Semi-hardwood, hardwood and softwood) in three different potting media were used to evaluate the successfulness in propagation. Semi hardwood and hardwood cuttings of F. leucopyrus were well established within a period of one week in sand potting medium while softwood cutting has not responded in any of the media during the period. Medium with only coir dust was also not successful in establishing the cuttings. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 9 (2014): 15-25
A Subset of CD8αβ+ Invariant NKT Cells in a Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Wen Xiangshu , Kim Seil , Xiong Ran , Li Michelle , Lawrenczyk Agnieszka , Huang Xue , Chen Si-Yi , Rao Ping , Besra Gurdyal S. , Dellabona Paolo , Casorati Giulia , Porcelli Steven A. , Akbari Omid , Exley Mark A. , Yuan Weiming 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells demonstrating potent antitumor function in conventional mouse models. However, the iNKT cell ligands have had limited efficacy in human antitumor clinical trials, mostly due to the profound differences in the properties and compositions of iNKT cells between the two species, including the presence of a CD8+ subset of iNKT cells only in humans. To build reliable in vivo models for studying human iNKT cells, we recently developed the first humanized mouse model (hCD1d-KI) with human CD1d knocked in. To further humanize the mouse model, we now introduced the human invariant NKT TCRα-chain (Vα24Jα18) into the hCD1d-knockin mice. Similar to humans, this humanized mouse model developed a subset of CD8αβ+ iNKT cells among other human-like iNKT subsets. The presence of the CD8αβ+ iNKT cells in the thymus suggests that these cells developed in the thymus. In the periphery, these NKT cells showed a strong Th1-biased cytokine response and potent cytotoxicity for syngeneic tumor cells upon activation, as do human CD8αβ+ iNKT cells. The low binding avidity of iNKT TCRs to the human CD1d/lipid complex and high prevalence of Vβ7 TCRβ among the CD8+ iNKT cells strongly point to a low avidity–based developmental program for these iNKT cells, which included the suppression of Th-POK and upregulation of eomesodermin transcriptional factors. Our establishment of this extensively humanized mouse model phenotypically and functionally reflecting the human CD1d/iNKT TCR system will greatly facilitate the future design and optimization of iNKT cell–based immunotherapies.
Cutting Edge: Redox Signaling Hypersensitivity Distinguishes Human Germinal Center B Cells
Authors: Polikowsky Hannah G. , Wogsland Cara E. , Diggins Kirsten E. , Huse Kanutte , Irish Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Differences in the quality of BCR signaling control key steps of B cell maturation and differentiation. Endogenously produced H2O2 is thought to fine tune the level of BCR signaling by reversibly inhibiting phosphatases. However, relatively little is known about how B cells at different stages sense and respond to such redox cues. In this study, we used phospho-specific flow cytometry and high-dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF) to compare BCR signaling responses in mature human tonsillar B cells undergoing germinal center (GC) reactions. GC B cells, in contrast to mature naive B cells, memory B cells, and plasmablasts, were hypersensitive to a range of H2O2 concentrations and responded by phosphorylating SYK and other membrane-proximal BCR effectors in the absence of BCR engagement. These findings reveal that stage-specific redox responses distinguish human GC B cells.
Using a simulated patient to transfer patient-centred skills from simulated practice to real patients in practice
Authors: Uys Yolinda , Treadwell Ina 
Published: July 2015

Background: Simulation in healthcare education is common practice. Although this teaching strategy increases patient safety, it is not proven to enhance patient-centred care in practice. Simulated patients are used to teach communication skills and to contribute to the authenticity of the simulation. Could this enhanced authenticity help bridge the gap from simulated practice to practice with live patients where patient-centredness is of crucial importance? Objective: This study’s objective was to determine whether students who acquired a skill in simulation using a simulated patient displayed more patient-centredness in practice than students who used a mannikin. Method: A pre-experimental, post-test-only design with a comparison group was used. The population sample comprised all second-year B.Cur. students (N = 36) at a tertiary institution,who were divided into two cohorts. Cohort 1 was trained to administer an intramuscular injection using a simulated patient with a strap-on injectable device, whilst cohort 2 used an injection model. All participants were assessed on their procedural skills as well as patient centred care whilst administering an injection to a patient in hospital. A comparison was made of mean scores for patient-centred care rendered by the two cohorts. Results: Fisher’s exact test revealed that the mean score for patient-centredness of cohort 1 (88%) was significantly higher (p = < 0.001) than that of cohort 2 (74%). Conclusion: Using a simulated patient to teach administration of an intramuscular injection enhanced students’ patient-centredness when performing the procedure in practice. Recommendations include making use of a bigger sample and including a pre-test the next time research of this nature is carried out.
Ronald Carter in Michael McCarthy: Cambridge Grammar of English, Cambridge University Press, 2006, 984 str.
Authors: Skela Janez 
Published: July 2015

Vsak izid slovnice angleškega jezika med učitelji vzbudi določeno pozornost. Tudi pričujoča slovnica – Cambridge Grammar of English – je ob izidu vzbudila veliko pozornosti in sprožila celo vrsto nasprotujočih si odzivov. Ne glede na vse gre za veličasten projekt velikega števila vrhunskih strokovnjakov, pri čemer sta glavna avtorja dva izjemno ugledna britanska jezikoslovca, ki sta besedilo ustvarjala skoraj sedem let. Vse kaže, da gre za eno najpomembnejših slovnic angleškega jezika doslej.
Extreme Weather Injuries and Fatalities, 2006 to 2021
Authors: Stephens Caroline Q. , Newton Christopher , Kappy Brandon , Melhado Caroline G. , Fallat Mary E. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceExtreme weather has major implications for state and national health care systems; however, statistics examining weather-related injuries and fatalities are limited.ObjectiveTo examine the frequency and regional distribution of major disaster events (MDEs) in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis ecologic cross-sectional study of MDEs occurring between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2021, evaluated US data on all injuries and fatalities included in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database. The data analysis was performed between February 22, 2023, and April 1, 2024.ExposuresMajor disaster events defined as an environmental event that caused either at least 50 injuries or at least 10 deaths.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll MDEs were evaluated using descriptive statistics for event type, property damage, and rural or urban classification according to the National Centers for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties. The location of events according to Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) region and hospital bed capacity of ASPR regions were also examined.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2021, 11 159 storm events caused 42 254 injuries and 9760 deaths. Major disaster events accounted for 209 weather events (1.9%) but caused 19 463 weather-associated injuries (46.1%) and 2189 weather-associated deaths (22.4%). The majority of MDEs were caused by extreme heat (86 [41.1%]) and tornadoes (67 [32.1%]). While a larger proportion of MDEs occurred in urban areas (151 [75.1%]) vs rural areas (50 [24.9%]), rural MDEs caused a median of 9 (IQR, 2-16) deaths per event vs 4 (IQR, 0-14) deaths per event in urban areas. The majority of MDEs occurred in either ASPR region 4 (51 [24.5%]) or region 9 (45 [21.6%]). Certain event types, such as fires, wind, and hurricanes or storms, were geographically concentrated, while extreme heat and floods affected regions across the US equally. Urban counties had disproportionately greater hospital bed capacity than rural counties relative to population and MDE distributions.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this ecologic study indicate that while MDEs accounted for a small proportion of all weather events, they were associated with a disproportionate number of injuries and fatalities. Integrating these data into county, state, and regional hazard vulnerability analyses is crucial to ensuring preparedness and mitigating climate risk.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Salzburg EEG criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Ulvin Line B. , Nilsen Kristian B. , Taubøll Erik , Etholm Lars , Heuser Kjell 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe Salzburg EEG criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) have been proposed as consensus criteria for NCSE. We aimed to perform an independent study of their diagnostic accuracy.MethodsA prospective study was carried out at Oslo University Hospital, including all consecutive patients ≥15 years old who were referred for an EEG with an explicit or implicit question of NCSE from February 2020 to February 2022. Two independent EEG readers scored the included EEGs according to the Salzburg criteria and blinded to the clinical data. The reference standard was defined as the clinical diagnosis the patient received based on all available clinical and paraclinical data. Diagnostic accuracy in identifying “certain/possible NCSE” was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value with their 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn total, 469 patients/EEGs were included in the study. The prevalence of NCSE according to the reference standard was 11% (n = 53). The criteria showed a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 92–96%), a specificity of 77% (95% CI: 73–81%), a positive predictive value of 34% (95% CI: 30–39%), and a negative predictive value of 99% (95% CI: 98–100%). False positives for “certain NCSE” (n = 16) included many serial seizures and stimulus‐induced rhythmic and periodic discharges (SIRPIDs), as well as a focal cortical dysplasia. False positives for “possible NCSE” (n = 79) were mainly represented by different encephalopathies and postictality.InterpretationThe low specificity of the Salzburg criteria calls for refinement before implementation into daily clinical practice.
Superconductivity and Metallic Behavior in Heavily Doped Bulk Single Crystal Diamond and Novel Transportation Behavior at Graphene/Diamond Heterostructure
Authors: Lin Shisheng , Yu Xutao , Yang Minhui , Zhong Huikai , Guo Jiarui , Chen Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOwing to extremely large bandgap of 5.5 eV and high thermal conductivity, diamond is recognized as the most important semiconductor. The superconductivity of polycrystalline diamond has always been reported, but there are also many controversies over the existence of superconductivity in bulk single crystal diamond. Besides, it remains a question whether a metallic state exists for such a large bandgap semiconductor. Herein, a single crystal superconducting diamond with a Hall carrier concentration larger than 3 × 1020 cm−3 is realized by co‐doped of boron and nitrogen, with an extremely low resistivity of 2.07 × 10−3 Ω cm at room temperature and dominated acceptor–donor bounded exciton photoluminescence. Furthermore, it is shown that diamond can transform from superconducting to metallic state under similar carrier concentration with tuned carrier mobility degrading from 9.10 cm2 V−1 s−1 or 5.30 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 2.66 cm2 V−1 s−1 or 1.34 cm2 V−1 s−1. Through integrating graphene on a nitrogen and boron heavily co‐doped diamond, a novel transportation behavior in the monolayer graphene similar with superconducting behavior is realized through combining Andreev reflection and exciton‐mediated superconductivity, which may reveal more interesting superconducting behavior of diamond.
Defective PTFE with Dense Active Sites Enabling Rapid H2O2 Production for Efficient Water Purification
Authors: Peng Wei , Qiu Jiacheng , Liu Xiaoqing , Tan Haotian , Hou Feng , Feng Jianmin , Yan Xiao , Liang Ji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e−‐ORR) enables high energy utilization and distributed H2O2 production. Rational catalyst design is essential for achieving efficient H2O2 production, in which fluorine‐modified carbon materials hold great potential. However, conventional methods can only induce limited loading of fluorine atoms in carbon‐based catalysts, leading to unsatisfying electrochemical performance. Herein, the design of fluorine‐containing active sites with high density and high 2e−‐ORR selectivity is achieved by loading fluorine‐containing chained polytetrafluoroethylene precursors onto conductive carbon substrates by plasma‐assisted ball milling technique. Consequently, the defect‐rich PTFE@CNTs show a high selectivity of over 95% and a high H2O2 yield of more than 35 mol g−1 h−1. Furthermore, the electrochemical production of H2O2 can be readily integrated with water purification units to decompose contaminants, showing over 80% degradation of multiple dyes within 1 h and over 95% removal ratio of antibiotics within 4 h. In addition, 100% sterilization of staphylococcus aureus is achieved by on‐site accumulating H2O2 in commercial saline for only 30 min. This defect engineering strategy through plasma ball milling provides a promising and universal avenue toward designing highly active and efficient electrocatalysts for 2e−‐ORR as well as other electrochemical processes.
Solvation Chemistry Enables Eutectogels with Ultrahigh Autofluorescence, Toughness, and Adhesion under Extreme Environments
Authors: Jiang Xin , Hou Yanbei , Wang Yanan , Chu Fukai , Zhu Jixin , Song Lei , Hu Yuan , Hu Weizhao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompared to conventional gels, eutectogels encompassing deep eutectic solvents (DESs) circumvent the shortboards including poor temperature resistance, high cost, and undesired toxicity. However, existing eutectogels suffer weak intra‐ and interchain interactions, which culminates in vanishing autofluorescence, weak mechanic and feeble adhesion. Although myriad strategies have been proposed to boost the polymer/polymer interactions within gels, the processes are time‐consuming, which are not suitable for mass production or emergent deployment. Herein, to deal with it, a facile solvation chemistry is leveraged to build dynamic rigid network via incorporating active polymer backbones and DESs. Within these eutectogels, DESs play a magnet‐like role, and physically cluster polymer chains together via multiple noncovalent forces, thus intensifying polymer/polymer and DESs/polymer interactions. This solvation network bestows rare autofluorescence and unprecedentedly high strength, toughness, and adhesion among reported analogues, even in harsh conditions. Moreover, the mechanism of solvation chemistry is fully scrutinized for the first time. It is believed that this facile strategy can be easily expanded to the orchestrations of other soft materials.