bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatally detected cystic biliary atresia: differential diagnoses of a double bubble
Authors: Adewole Victoria A , Wright Naomi J , Hallows Ruth , Davenport Mark 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The ‘double bubble’ sign on antenatal ultrasound is often associated with duodenal atresia although there are numerous causes. We present a case of cystic biliary atresia presenting with a “double bubble” at 36-weeks gestation. Postnatal ultrasound and MRCP confirmed a cystic lesion at the porta hepatis, mandating early laparotomy and a successful Kasai portoenterostomy.
Although diagnosis of such lesions may be imprecise antenatally, awareness and detection does allow early postnatal investigation and management, which is vital to optimise outcome.
This case highlights the need to be mindful of other important anomalies that can give this appearance and that may require early intervention.
The TGF-β-inducible miR-23a cluster attenuates IFN-γ levels and antigen-specific cytotoxicity in human CD8+ T cells
Authors: Chandran P Anoop , Keller Andreas , Weinmann Lasse , Adel Seida Ahmed , Braun Matthias , Andreev Katerina , Fischer Birgitt , Horn Evi , Schwinn Stefanie , Junker Markus , Houben Roland , Dombrowski Yvonne , Dietl Johannes , Finotto Susetta , Wölfl Matthias , Meister Gunter , Wischhusen Jörg 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCytokine secretion and degranulation represent key components of CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity. While transcriptional blockade of IFN-γ and inhibition of degranulation by TGF-β are well established, we wondered whether TGF-β could also induce immune-regulatory miRNAs in human CD8+ T cells. We used miRNA microarrays and high-throughput sequencing in combination with qRT-PCR and found that TGF-β promotes expression of the miR-23a cluster in human CD8+ T cells. Likewise, TGF-β up-regulated expression of the cluster in CD8+ T cells from wild-type mice, but not in cells from mice with tissue-specific expression of a dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor. Reporter gene assays including site mutations confirmed that miR-23a specifically targets the 3′UTR of CD107a/LAMP1 mRNA, whereas the further miRNAs expressed in this cluster—namely, miR-27a and -24—target the 3′UTR of IFN-γ mRNA. Upon modulation of the miR-23a cluster by the respective miRNA antagomirs and mimics, we observed significant changes in IFN-γ expression, but only slight effects on CD107a/LAMP1 expression. Still, overexpression of the cluster attenuated the cytotoxic activity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. These functional data thus reveal that the miR-23a cluster not only is induced by TGF-β, but also exerts a suppressive effect on CD8+ T-cell effector functions, even in the absence of TGF-β signaling.
Using Reporting Requirements to Improve Employer Wellness Incentives and Their Regulation
Authors: Madison Kristin , Schmidt Harald , Volpp Kevin G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Employer interest in offering financial incentives for healthy behaviors has been increasing. Some employers have begun to tie health plan–based rewards or penalties to standards involving tobacco use or biometric measures such as body mass index. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act attempts to strike a balance between the potential benefits and risks of wellness incentive programs by permitting these incentives but simultaneously limiting their use. Evidence about the implications of the newest generation of incentive programs for health, health costs, and burdens on individual employees will be critical for informing both private and public decision makers. After describing the many pieces of information that would be valuable for assessing these programs, this article proposes more narrowly targeted reporting requirements that could facilitate incentive program development, evaluation, and oversight.
Arkansas's Alternative to Medicaid Expansion Raises Important Questions about How HHS Will Implement New ACA Waiver Authority in 2017
Authors: Allison Andrew 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This essay presents Arkansas's alternative to Medicaid expansion as a case study motivating John McDonough's assessment of the recommendations states may want to make to the Department of Health and Human Services regarding the implementation of statewide Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act–alternative waivers scheduled to begin in 2017. Arkansas's private option uses federal funds to purchase marketplace silver-level qualified health plans for low-income, low-risk participants, while “medically frail” adults are covered through Medicaid. By improving the size and risk profile of Arkansas's health insurance marketplace, the private option will also encourage entry of and competition among private carriers. If it succeeds in keeping insurance premiums below the level they would otherwise be in the marketplace, Arkansas's private option could reduce subsidy costs for the federal government. Under the broadened scope of section 1332 waivers, states will be able to capture such savings and use them to support innovation across both Medicaid-funded and Treasury-subsidized programs and populations.
Genetic diversity among fourteen different Fusarium species using RAPD marker
Authors: BONDE SHITAL R. , GADE ANIKET K. , RAI MAHENDRA K. 
Published: July 2014

Bonde SR, Gade AK, Rai MK. 2012. Genetic diversity among fourteen different Fusarium species using RAPD marker. Biodiversitas 14:Â 55-60. We report genetic diversity of total fourteen different Fusarium species by RAPD-PCR analysis using 25 random primers. TheÂ genus Fusarium is food borne pathogen responsible for T-2 toxin production which affects human and animal health. In the presentÂ study, total 14-different species of Fusarium were analyzed on the basis of genetic diversity using RAPD method. A dendrogram wasÂ developed by UPGMA method. RAPD analysis was carried out by using 25 different universal primers each of them consisted of 10Â bases. Genetic similarity coefficients between pair wise varied from 0.00 to 0.9 based on an unweighted paired group method ofÂ arithmetic average (PGMA) cluster analysis. RAPD-PCR technique can be used as an important tool for the genetic differentiation Fusarium species.
Fungal species isolated from Quercus castaneifolia in Hyrcanian Forests, North of Iran
Authors: KAVOSI MOHAMMAD REZA , FARIDI FERIDON , HAJIZADEH GOODARZ 
Published: July 2014

Kavosi MR, Feridon F, Hajizadeh G. 2013. Fungal species isolated from Quercus castaneifolia in Hyrcanian Forests, North of Iran.Â Biodiversitas 14: 61-66. In order to isolate and identify of fungi associated with Quercus castaneifolia seed, sampling carried out inÂ Shast-Kalate, Ghorogh, Loveh and Golestan forest. Collected seeds sterilized and then separated sections including: outer section ofÂ seed (crust)Â and inner seed section (endosperm). Each section of seed tissue is cultured on potato dextrose agar media. After sub-cultureÂ and providing of the fungi pure cultures, various species isolated and identified by spores characteristics, their size and color, including:Â Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Curvularia affinis, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichothecium roseum, Eurotium rubrum, E. amstelodami,Â Penicillium implicatum, P. fellutanum, Diplodia sp. Nigrospora gossypi, Alternaria alternata , Fusarium oxysporum and BeltraniaÂ santapaui. The most frequency of fungus in Shast-Kalate forest was P. implicatum by 74% of frequency within seed section, the mostÂ frequency in Ghorogh and Loveh Forest was P. fellutanum with 63 and 66% of frequency within seed section respectively and the mostÂ frequency in Golestan forest was B. santapaui by 51% of frequency outer seed section. The result showed diversity of the fungi on theÂ outer seed section is higher than within seed section. The results also showed during several isolation a saprophyte fungus always couldÂ be finding on the acorn seeds. This is the comprehensive report on fungi associated with Quercus castaneifolia seed in Hyrcanian forest,Â North of Iran.
Diversity and frequency of macrofungi associated with wet ever green tropical forest in Assam, India
Authors: TAPWAL ASHWANI , KUMAR RAJESH , PANDEY SHAILESH 
Published: July 2014

Tapwal A, Kumar R, Pandey S. 2013. Diversity and frequency of macrofungi associated with wet ever green tropical forest in Assam,Â India. Biodiversitas 14: 73-78. A study was conducted in Jeypore Reserve Forest located in Assam, India to investigate the diversity ofÂ macrofungi associated with different tree species. The diversity of broad leaves trees and high humidity during monsoon period favoursÂ ideal growth of diverse group of macrofungal fruiting bodies. Thirty macrofungal species representing 26 genera belonging to 17Â families were collected from six different sites in the study area. Out of these maximum six genera assignable to family Polyporaceae,Â five genera to Russulaceae, three genera to Agaricaceae, two genera to Ganodermataceae and Cantharellaceae each and rest of theÂ families were represented by single genus only. The ecological preference of the species reveled that maximum (17) species wereÂ saprophyte, living on dead substrates or decaying wood debris, ten species were found associated with roots of higher trees, while threeÂ species were found parasitic. Overall 20 species were found edible including some species having medicinal utilization. The presentÂ study revealed that maximum frequency of occurrence was exhibited by Trametes versicolor and Schizophyllum commune (83.33%),Â followed by Microporus xanthopus, Pycnoporus sanguineus (66.67%)Â and Coprinus disseminates (50%). The rest of the speciesÂ exhibited the frequency distribution ranging between 16.67-33.33%. The maximum density was recorded for Schizophyllum commune (126.67%)Â followed by Trametes versicolor (120%)Â and Xylaria polymorpha (93.33%). The density of rest of the species were ranged between 3.33- 6.67%. The key objective of the present study was to generate a database on macrofungal diversity of Jeypore Reserve Forest along with their ecological preferences and utilization, which is not earlier documented.
How plant diversity features change across ecological species groups? A case study of a temperate deciduous forest in northern Iran
Authors: VAHDATI FATEMEH BAZDID , MEHRVARZ SHAHRYAR SAEDI , NAQINEZHAD ALIREZA , GHOLIZADEH HAMID 
Published: July 2014

Bazdid Vahdati F, Saeidi Mehrvarz Sh, Naqinezhad A, Gholizadeh H. 2014. How plant diversity features change across ecologicalÂ species groups? A case study of a temperate deciduous forest in northern Iran. Biodiversitas 15: 31-38. Species diversity is one of theÂ most important indices for evaluating the stability and productivity of forest ecosystems. The aim of this research was to recognizeÂ ecological species groups and to determine the relationship between environmental variables and the distribution of ecological speciesÂ groups. For this purpose, 25 400-mÂ 2Â relevÃ©s were sampled using the Braun-Blanquet method. Vegetation was classified using modifiedÂ Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) and resulted in three ecological species groups. Different species diversity indicesÂ were applied to quantify diversity of these species groups. ANOVA and Duncanâ€™s tests indicated that all species and environmentalÂ variables except altitude changed significantly across the species groups. The results also showed that the group located in the northernÂ aspect and on low slopes had the highest diversity indices compared with groups located in dry aspects and on high slopes. In reality,Â abundant precipitation (northern aspect)Â and soil enrichment (low slopes) are principal factors that provide suitable conditions for plantÂ growth and species diversity. Thus, the study of diversity changes in ecological species groups can result in an ecologically preciseÂ perspective for managing forest ecosystems.
Diversity and use of ethnomedicinal plants in coastal Karnataka, India
Authors: BHANDARY M. JAYAKARA , CHANDRASHEKAR K. R. 
Published: July 2014

Bhandary MJ, Chandrashekar KR. 2014. Diversity and use of ethnomedicinal plants in coastal Karnataka, India. Biodiversitas 15: 8993.Â A study was undertaken in Coastal Karnataka, a culturally and floristically diverse region between the Western Ghats and theÂ Arabian sea in India, to document the diversity and uses of ethnomedicinal plants of the area. This study resulted in the documentationÂ of ethnomedicinal uses of 342 species of plants belonging to 34 families. The dominant families of ethnomedicinal plants were:Â Fabaceae (38 species),Â Euphorbiaceae (22Â species),Â Rubiaceae (11Â species),Â Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae and Rutaceae (10Â species each). Â Among the plants used, 30% are herbs, 27% trees, 25% climbers and 18% shrubs. Majority of the plants are used againstÂ several diseases, either alone or in combination with other plants. The most popular medicinal plants, in terms of the number of diseasesÂ against which they are used, are Cyclea peltata, Aristolochia indica, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma longa, Tamarindus indica, AsparagusÂ racemosus, Ficus racemosa, Hemidesmus indicus, Ficus religiosa, Calotropis gigantea, Vitex negundo, Aegle marmelos and LeucasÂ aspera. A list of 50 important ethnomedicinal plants of the region which are used in the treatment of 5 or more disorders is provided.
Short Communication: A new record of Giganthias immaculatus Katayama, 1954 (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Indonesia
Authors: PERISTIWADY TEGUH , MAKATIPU PETRUS CH. , DU JIANGUO 
Published: July 2014

Peristiwady T, Makatipu PCh, Du J. 2014.Â A new record of Giganthias immaculatus Katayama, 1954 (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 15: 104-107. Three specimens of Giganthias immaculatus Katayama, 1954, were collected from Bitung, NorthÂ Sulawesi, in October 2009, November 2009 and June 2012. The morphological data for G. immaculatus are similar to those for G.Â serratospinosus White & Dharmadi, 2012; those species share the following characters: dorsal fin rays IX, 11-13, anal fin rays III, 8 andÂ lateral line high arched. However, the former is clearly distinguishable from G. serratospinosus by pectoral-fin rays 16 or 17 (vs. 13 orÂ 14 for G. serratospinosus);Â ill rakers (10) + (21-24) (vs. 10+20Â or G. serratospinosus). It also differs in the following: body depth,Â head length, predorsal length, preanal length, upper-jaw length, interorbital width. Initially, this species was collected from Izu-Ã•shima,Â Japan. Other localities of capture for this species are: Ago Bay, Shimacho Goza, Shima City, Mie Pref., Tomari, Okinawa, Japan andÂ Taiwan and now recorded also off Bitung, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia.
Co-Sorption of Cd and Phosphate on the Surface of a Synthetic Hydroxyiron-Montmorillonite Complex
Authors: Zhu Runliang , Li Min , Ge Fei , Xu Yin , Zhu Jianxi , He Hongping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHydroxymetal-clay complexes, which contain reactive surface hydroxyl groups, have a strong affinity for both heavy-metal cations and oxyanions and hence can serve as efficient sorbents for ionic contaminants. The co-sorptive behavior of heavy-metal cations and oxyanions on the surface of hydroxymetal-clay complexes is not well understood, however. The objective of the present investigation was to help bridge that gap by determining the feasibility of co-sorbing Cd cations and phosphate from aqueous solution to a hydroxyiron-montmorillonite complex (HyFe-mont). A montmorillonite-rich clay from Inner Mongolia, China, was the starting material. The results showed that Cd and phosphate could be sorbed, simultaneously and synergistically, to HyFe-mont without a change in solution pH. Similarly, when phosphate was sorbed before Cd, the sorption capacities were comparable to those obtained in the simultaneous sorption experiment, and the solution pH did not change.When Cd was pre-sorbed, however, the subsequent sorption of both Cd and phosphate decreased as did solution pH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the binding energies of P2p, Cd3/2, and Cd5/2 were of similar magnitude for both the simultaneous sorption system and the phosphate pre-sorbed system. In addition, the single Cd and Cd pre-sorbed systems had similar Cd3/2 and Cd5/2 binding energies. The combined sorption and XPS results suggested that sorbed phosphate and Cd formed P-bridged ternary complexes on the HyFe-mont surface, contributing to the synergistic uptake of the contaminants in the simultaneous sorption system.
Walking on the margins: From Italian Neorealism to contemporary Chinese Sixth Generation
Authors: Lu Jie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article aims to examine the Sixth Generation films of contemporary China through the lens of Italian Neorealism: particularly, their moral commitments and aesthetic innovations. Along with many international art films, the Sixth Generation films share a realist impulse that was most innovatively pioneered and explored in Italian Neorealism. In every case, the film-maker is attempting to chronicle the present by focusing generally on the dark side of reality and specifically on the life lived by disenfranchised people. The goal is to create an anti-illusionist film culture that helps viewers to see and reflect upon this reality first from within and then beyond cinema. Selecting Xiao Shan Going Home (Jia, Zhangke, 1995) and Still Life (Jia, Zhangke, 2006) by Jia Zhangke as representative of the Sixth Generation, this article details how such films adopt Italian neorealist conventions (such as long takes, long shots with deep focus and location shooting) and thereafter expand these formal elements to underscore social contradictions behind the glamour of Chinese economic development so as to present a more complete sense of modernity.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bondanella Peter , Marrone Gaetana , Holdaway Dom , Burns Jennifer , Tagliani Giacomo , Benci Jacopo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Sergio Leone: Il cinema come favola politica, Christian Uva (2013) Rome: Edizioni fondazione ente dello spettacolo, 220 pp., ISBN: 9788885095694, p/bk, €12.90
Italian Silent Cinema: A Reader, Giorgio Bertellini (ed.) (2013) New Barnet, Herts, UK: John Libbey Publishing, 401 pp., ISBN: 9780861966707, p/bk, $40
Fenomenologia del cinepanettone, Alan O’Leary (2013) Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 152 pp., ISBN: 9788849835182, p/bk, €14.00/£15.23
L’Africa in Italia: Per una controstoria postcoloniale del cinema italiano, Leonardo De Franceschi (ed.) (2013) Rome: Aracne Editrice, 512 pp., ISBN: 9788854858862, p/bk, 23€
La sopravvivenza delle immagini al cinema. Archivio, montaggio, intermedialità, Francesco Zucconi (2013) Milan-Udine: Mimesis; 254 pp., ISBN: 9788857514024, p/bk, 22€
Bertolucci, il cinema, la letteratura. Il caso ‘Prima della rivoluzione’, Alessandro Marini (2012) Alessandria: Edizioni Falsopiano, 267 pp., ISBN: 9788898137060, p/bk, €20.00
The Real Effects of Military Spending on Security
Authors: Dumas Lloyd J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe indirect effects of military spending on security are stronger and more important than its direct effects, and its long run impact more telling than its short run impact. In the short run, military spending can be a source of both physical security and economic stimulus. In the long run, it can be counterproductive in terms of physical security and will be a dead weight on the economy. How a society’s productive resources are deployed, as between military spending and more economically productive activities, sets it on a long-term course with powerful implications for the ability of its economy to do what it is supposed to do – provide for the material well-being of the population as a whole. The mechanism by which the extensive and extended diversion of productive economic resources to economically unproductive military spending drags an economy down is analyzed. Furthermore, it is possible to use properly structured international and domestic economic relationships in place of threats or use of military force to increase national and international security, while at the same time enhancing, rather than degrading, economic wellbeing. Three principles for structuring such a “peacekeeping economy” are set forth.
Long‐term therapeutic silencing of miR‐33 increases circulating triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice
Authors: Goedeke Leigh , Salerno Alessandro , Ramírez Cristina M , Guo Liang , Allen Ryan M , Yin Xiaoke , Langley Sarah R , Esau Christine , Wanschel Amarylis , Fisher Edward A , Suárez Yajaira , Baldán Angel , Mayr Manuel , Fernández‐Hernando Carlos 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPlasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels show a strong inverse correlation with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that antagonism of miR‐33 in vivo increases circulating HDL and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), thereby reducing the progression and enhancing the regression of atherosclerosis. While the efficacy of short‐term anti‐miR‐33 treatment has been previously studied, the long‐term effect of miR‐33 antagonism in vivo remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that long‐term therapeutic silencing of miR‐33 increases circulating triglyceride (TG) levels and lipid accumulation in the liver. These adverse effects were only found when mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Mechanistically, we demonstrate that chronic inhibition of miR‐33 increases the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis such as acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the livers of mice treated with miR‐33 antisense oligonucleotides. We also report that anti‐miR‐33 therapy enhances the expression of nuclear transcription Y subunit gamma (NFYC), a transcriptional regulator required for DNA binding and full transcriptional activation of SREBP‐responsive genes, including ACC and FAS. Taken together, these results suggest that persistent inhibition of miR‐33 when mice are fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) might cause deleterious effects such as moderate hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. These unexpected findings highlight the importance of assessing the effect of chronic inhibition of miR‐33 in non‐human primates before we can translate this therapy to humans.
Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan/Cellulose-ZnO Nanocomposites for Bactericidal Applications
Authors: Pérez-Altamar Melina , Perales-Pérez Oscar 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe present work focuses on the fabrication of environmental friendly ZnO nanocrystals and chitosan/cellulose films hosting ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as an attempt to produce nanocomposites with enhanced bactericidal capacity. The solution casting method was used to fabricate the chitosan/cellulose blend films. Highly monodisperse ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using Zinc acetate and Triethylene glycol (TEG) via a modified Polyol route. ZnO crystal size was controlled by the heterogeneous nucleation approach. Optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were studied by UV–vis spectroscopy and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL) techniques. The nanoparticles’ size and morphology were determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the size-controlled synthesis employed. The chitosan/cellulose/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier Transform – Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The mechanical properties of produced bare and ZnO-bearing composites were determined from stress-strain tests. The Standard Plate Count and the Halo Zone methods were used to evaluate the bactericidal properties of the ZnO nanoparticles, chitosan/cellulose blend films and chitosan/cellulose/ZnO nanocomposites againstEscherichia coli(ATCC 35218).