bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering candidate genes that regulate resin canal number inPinus taedastems by integrating genetic analysis across environments, ages, and populations
Authors: Westbrook Jared W. , Walker Alejandro R. , Neves Leandro G. , Munoz Patricio , Resende Marcio F. R. , Neale David B. , Wegrzyn Jill L. , Huber Dudley A. , Kirst Matias , Davis John M. , Peter Gary F. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryGenetically improving constitutive resin canal development inPinusstems may enhance the capacity to synthesize terpenes for bark beetle resistance, chemical feedstocks, and biofuels.To discover genes that potentially regulate axial resin canal number (RCN), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4027 genes were tested for association withRCNin two growth rings and three environments in a complex pedigree of 520Pinus taedaindividuals (CCLONES). The map locations of associated genes were compared withRCNquantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a (P. taeda × Pinus elliottii) × P. elliottiipseudo‐backcross of 345 full‐sibs (BC1).Resin canal number was heritable (h2 ˜ 0.12–0.21) and positively genetically correlated with xylem growth (rg ˜ 0.32–0.72) and oleoresin flow (rg ˜ 0.15–0.51). Sixteen well‐supported candidate regulators ofRCNwere discovered inCCLONES, including genes associated across sites and ages, unidirectionally associated with oleoresin flow and xylem growth, and mapped toRCN QTLs inBC1.Breeding is predicted to increaseRCN11% in one generation and could be accelerated with genomic selection at accuracies of 0.45–0.52 across environments. There is significant genetic variation forRCNin loblolly pine, which can be exploited in breeding for elevated terpene content.
The Arabidopsis thaliana RNA‐binding protein FCA regulates thermotolerance by modulating the detoxification of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Jung Jae‐Hoon , Park Chung‐Mo 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Heat stress affects various aspects of plant growth and development by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative damage to cellular components. However, the mechanisms by which plants cope with ROS accumulation during their thermotolerance response remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA‐binding protein FCA, a key component of flowering pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, is required for the acquisition of thermotolerance.

Transgenic plants overexpressing the FCA gene (35S:FCA) were resistant to heat stress; the FCA‐defective fca‐9 mutant was sensitive to heat stress, consistent with induction of the FCA gene by heat. Furthermore, total antioxidant capacity was higher in the 35S:FCA transgenic plants but lower in the fca‐9 mutant compared with wild‐type controls.

FCA interacts with the ABA‐INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) transcription factor, which regulates the expression of genes encoding antioxidants, including 1‐CYSTEINE PEROXIREDOXIN 1 (PER1). We found that FCA is needed for proper expression of the PER1 gene by ABI5.

Our observations indicate that FCA plays a role in the induction of thermotolerance by triggering antioxidant accumulation under heat stress conditions, thus providing a novel role for FCA in heat stress responses in plants.
A new twist in the pediatric difficult airway
Authors: Lillie Edwardina M.M.A. , Harding Louise , Thomas Mark 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDifficult intubation of a 2.4 kg ex premature, suspected Pierre Robin Sequence with upper airway obstruction causing respiratory failure. Multiple failed intubation attempts by an experienced pediatric anesthetist using described techniques and adjuncts. A description of a simple new maneuvre using a GlideScope and a stylet. By twisting the stylet into a spiral shape, the endotracheal tube was given improved maneuverability that allowed the intubator to place the endotracheal tube tip to the glottis opening. Then by rotating the tube in a clockwise direction it could be manipulated past the vocal cords into the trachea.
Treating perioperative anxiety and pain in children: a tailored and innovative approach
Authors: Fortier Michelle A. , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryMillions of children undergo outpatient surgery in the United States each year; the overwhelming majority will experience significant perioperative anxiety and pain. Behavioral preparation programs focused on skills acquisition and modeling, considered essential for effective preparation, are no longer offered to most children and families in the outpatient surgery setting. Moreover, what little preparation does occur is typically generic in nature, rather than tailored to unique characteristics of the child and family. Untreated anxiety and pain have significant implications for children's short‐ and long‐term recovery and future interactions in the medical environment. The rapid growth of the World Wide Web and increasing access to Internet by families across the country provide an opportunity to develop tailored, Web‐based behavioral preparation programs that can be accessed repeatedly at times convenient to the child and family, that include coping skills training and modeling, and that can provide unique output based upon child and parent characteristics known to impact perioperative pain and anxiety. In this review article, we present a conceptual framework for a computer‐based intervention that may transform the way we manage children and parents before and after surgery.
Predicting leaf wax n‐alkane 2H/1H ratios: controlled water source and humidity experiments with hydroponically grown trees confirm predictions of Craig–Gordon model
Authors: TIPPLE BRETT J. , BERKE MELISSA A. , HAMBACH BASTIAN , RODEN JOHN S. , EHLERINGER JAMES R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe extent to which both water source and atmospheric humidity affect δ2H values of terrestrial plant leaf waxes will affect the interpretations of δ2H variation of leaf waxes as a proxy for hydrological conditions. To elucidate the effects of these parameters, we conducted a long‐term experiment in which we grew two tree species, Populus fremontii and Betula occidentalis, hydroponically under combinations of six isotopically distinct waters and two different atmospheric humidities. We observed that leaf n‐alkane δ2H values of both species were linearly related to source water δ2H values, but with slope differences associated with differing humidities. When a modified version of the Craig–Gordon model incorporating plant factors was used to predict the δ2H values of leaf water, all modelled leaf water values fit the same linear relationship with n‐alkane δ2H values. These observations suggested a relatively constant biosynthetic fractionation factor between leaf water and n‐alkanes. However, our calculations indicated a small difference in the biosynthetic fractionation factor between the two species, consistent with small differences calculated for species in other studies. At present, it remains unclear if these apparent interspecies differences in biosynthetic fractionation reflect species‐specific biochemistry or a common biosynthetic fractionation factor with insufficient model parameterization.
Markers of stress and inflammation as potential mediators of the relationship between exercise and depressive symptoms: Findings from the TRAILS study
Authors: Booij Sanne H. , Bos Elisabeth H. , de Jonge Peter , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and immune system have been proposed to underlie the antidepressant effect of exercise. Using a population sample of 715 adolescents, we examined whether pathways from exercise to affective and somatic symptoms of depression were mediated by these putative mechanisms. Exercise (hours/week) and depressive symptoms were assessed at age 13.5 (± 0.5) and 16.1 (± 0.6). Cortisol and heart rate responses to a standardized social stress test and C‐reactive protein levels were measured at age 16. Exercise was prospectively and inversely related to affective (B = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.30 to −0.03) but not somatic symptoms (B = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.21 to 0.13). Heart rate during social stress partially mediated this relationship (B = −0.03, 95% CI = −0.07 to −0.01). No other mediating effects were found. Hence, the autonomic stress system may play a role in the relationship between exercise and depressive symptoms.
A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Warming Interventions for Women Undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Munday Judy , Hines Sonia , Wallace Karen , Chang Anne M. , Gibbons Kristen , Yates Patsy 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundWomen undergoing cesarean section are vulnerable to adverse effects associated with inadvertent perioperative hypothermia, but there has been a lack of synthesized evidence for temperature management in this population. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the best available evidence in relation to preventing hypothermia in mothers undergoing cesarean section surgery.MethodsRandomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria (adult patients of any ethnic background, with or without comorbidities, undergoing any mode of anesthesia for any type of cesarean section) were eligible for consideration. Active or passive warming interventions versus usual care or placebo, aiming to limit or manage core heat loss in women undergoing cesarean section were considered. The primary outcome was maternal core temperature. A comprehensive search with no language restrictions was undertaken of multiple databases from their inception until May 2012. Two independent reviewers using the standardized critical appraisal instrument for randomized controlled trials from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta‐Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instruments (JBI‐MASTARI) assessed retrieved papers for methodological quality and conducted data collection. Where possible, results were combined in a fixed effects meta‐analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager software. Due to heterogeneity for one outcome, random effects meta‐analysis was also used.ResultsA combined total of 719 participants from 12 studies were included. Intravenous fluid warming was found to be effective at maintaining maternal temperature and preventing shivering. Warming devices, including forced air warming and under‐body carbon polymer mattresses, were effective at preventing hypothermia. However, effectiveness increased if the devices were applied preoperatively. Preoperative warming devices reduced shivering and improved neonatal temperatures at birth. Intravenous fluid warming did not improve neonatal temperature, and the effectiveness of warming interventions on umbilical pH remains unclear.Linking Evidence to ActionIntravenous fluid warming by any method improves maternal temperature and reduces shivering during and after cesarean section, as does preoperative body warming. Preoperative warming strategies should be utilized where possible. Preoperative or intraoperative warmed IV fluids should be standard practice. Warming strategies are less effective when intrathecal opioids are administered. Further research is needed to investigate interventions in emergency cesarean section surgery. Larger scale studies using standardized, clinically meaningful temperature measurement time points are required.
Treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee with a biomimetic scaffold. A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Delcogliano Marco , Menghi Amerigo , Placella Giacomo , Speziali Andrea , Cerulli Giuliano , Carimati Giulia , Pasqualotto Stefano , Berruto Massimo 
Published: September 2014

Purpose: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee with a type-I collagen-hydroxyapatite nanostructural biomimetic osteochondral scaffold.
Methods: twenty-three patients affected by symptomatic knee OCD of the femoral condyles, grade 3 or 4 of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scale, underwent biomimetic scaffold implantation. The site of the defect was the medial femoral condyle in 14 patients, whereas in 9 patients the lateral femoral condyle was involved. The average size of the defects was 3.5±1.43 cm2. All patients were clinically evaluated using the ICRS subjective score, the IKDC objective score, the EQ-VAS and the Tegner Activity Score. Minimum follow-up was two years. MRI was performed at 12 and 24 months after surgery and then every 12 months thereafter.
Results: the ICRS subjective score improved from the baseline value of 50.93±20.6 to 76.44±18.03 at the 12 months (p<0.0005) and 82.23± 17.36 at the two-year follow-up (p<0.0005). The IKDC objective score confirmed the results.The EQ-VAS showed a significant improvement from 3.15±1.09 to 8.15±1.04 (p<0.0005) at two years of follow-up. The Tegner Activity Score improvement was statistically significant (p<0.0005).
Conclusions: biomimetic scaffold implantation was a good procedure for treating grade 3 and 4 OCD, in which other classic techniques are burdened by different limitations. This open one-step surgery gave promising stable results at short-term follow-up.
Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Numerical Investigation of Wave-Body Interactions in Shallow Water
Authors: Luo Yi , Vada Torgeir , Greco Marilena 
Published: September 2014

Present investigation is based on a numerical study using a time-domain Rankine panel method. The effort and novelty is to extend the applicability of the solver to shallower waters and to steeper waves by including additional non-linear effects, but in a way so to limit the increase in computational costs. The challenge is to assess the improvement with respect to the basic formulation and the recovery of linear theory in the limit of small waves.
The wave theories included in the program are Airy, Stokes 5th order and Stream function. By their comparison the effect of the incoming-wave non-linearities can be investigated.
For the free-surface boundary conditions two alternative formulations are investigated, one by Hui Sun [1] and one developed here.
The two formulations combined with the above-mentioned wave theories are applied to two relevant problems. The first case is a fixed vertical cylinder in regular waves, where numerical results are compared with the model tests by Grue & Huseby [2]. The second case is a freely floating model of a LNG carrier (with zero forward speed) in regular waves, where computations are compared with the experimental results from the EC project “Extreme Seas”. This comparison revealed several challenges such as how to interpret/post process the experimental data. Some of these are described in the paper. After careful handling of both computed and measured data the comparisons show reasonable agreement. It is proven that including more non-linear effects in the free-surface boundary conditions can significantly improve the results. The formulation by Hui Sun gives better results compared to the linear condition, but the present formulation is shown to provide a further improvement, which can be explained through the nonlinear terms included/retained in the two approaches.
Backbone for Escape, Evacuation and Rescue From Arctic Facilities: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Longrée Mark , Hoog Sven 
Published: September 2014

In turn of the global warming and driven by the constant need for resources an increasing number of commercial and scientific activities conquer the Arctic in order to benefit from almost untouched resources like oil and gas but also from the overwhelming nature. These activities are accompanied by a steadily increasing number of vessels transporting goods but also operating personnel, scientists or tourists. Especially the number of tourists visiting the Arctic can reach far more than 1000 per vessel, resulting in growing headaches for the responsible safety and security authorities in the Arctic surrounding countries. Up to now no suitable Escape, Evacuation and Rescue (EER) concept is in place to cope with these challenges when it comes to hazardous situations.
In this context IMPaC ([1]) developed a new and appropriate EER concept for the Arctic, exceeding the currently dominant small and isolated settlements along the coastlines in Denmark (Greenland), Norway, Russia, Canada and the US. One question seems to be central: Is there any requirement and benefit beyond the currently used small rescue station?
Yes, we strongly believe that there is a growing demand for suitable infrastructure coming from various industries. Beyond rescue objectives there is a demand for people working and living in this area all year long, for a few days, weeks or months using these settlements for their specific needs. This led us to the idea of the provision of a common-use infrastructure for multiple industries. The commonly used infrastructure maximizes the use of the remote and very expensive infrastructure and minimizes the impact on the environment in this part of the world.
Potential users of this infrastructure would be:
• Oil & Gas Industry, driven by the increased world energy demand
• Marine Transport & Tourism Industry, driven by declined arctic ice and new sea routes via the Arctic sea
• Fishery Industry
• Scientific community
Any EER concept for the Arctic has to cope with several specific environmental and spatial challenges as addressed by the EU joint research project ACCESS ([2]), where IMPaC participates. The paper introduces the new EER concept and focuses especially on its beneficial, efficient and safe operability in the Arctic recording an increasing number of commercial and scientific activities.
Lessons Learned From Norwegian Mooring Line Failures 2010–2013
Authors: Kvitrud Arne 
Published: September 2014

15 failures of offshore mooring lines have occurred in the period 2010–2013 on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The failures are cause by a mixture of overload, fatigue and mechanical damages.
Failure statistics from the period 2010–2013 are presented and compared it with earlier statistics. In the period 1996–2005 a high number of cases were observed. The industry reacted reasonably, and the number of incidents was clearly reduced for several years. In 2010 the number of cases started to increase again, rising questions on how to improve again. Some of the old failure modes have disappeared, as dragging of anchors and failures of chains above 20 years of age. But several other failure modes have appeared or reappeared. Differences between different types of units are found. The failure frequencies are highly uncertain, but the failure rate from 2010–2013 have been in the order of magnitude
• single line failures: 92*10−4 per line year and
• double line failures: 12*10−4 per line year.
No triple line failures have occurred in 2010–2013, but using data from 2000–2013, the failure rate have been in the order of magnitude 2*10−4 per line year.
The paper discusses possible changes in practice, regulations and standards, on quality of materials, maintenance, ALS-, FLS- and ULS-design.
Fatigue Analysis of Subsea Jumpers due to Slug Flow
Authors: van der Heijden Bob (H. E. J. ) , Smienk Henk , Metrikine Andrei V. 
Published: September 2014

Rigid steel jumpers are used in a subsea flow line system to connect subsea components. They provide a certain flexibility with respect to installation and operating conditions. This flexibility makes the jumper susceptible to slug flow induced vibrations. Slug flow can be described as an alternating flow of long oil and gas bubbles which flow at the gas velocity. The alternation between oil and gas density causes loads on the jumper which causes the jumper to vibrate. Two excitation mechanisms can be identified; 1) The variation in weight along the straight sections and 2) the difference in impact loads on the bends. Due to the cyclic nature of these loads fatigue can cause the jumper to fail.
As a main contractor of SURF-projects (Subsea Umbilicals Risers and Flowlines) Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) is responsible for the engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) of the entire project scope, including the design of the subsea jumpers. Hence this paper has been set up by HMC and the Delft University of Technology to study slug flow induced fatigue in subsea jumpers and in order to find new design considerations.
In the early design phase of a subsea jumper the offshore industry commonly uses, to authors knowledge, a static analysis to predict the fatigue damage caused by slug flow. Since the vibrations caused by slug flow are not incorporated in a static analysis an accurate tradeoff between flexibility and fatigue lifetime cannot be made during the design phase. As this tradeoff during the design phase is desirable, a new dynamic and more accurate analysis method has been developed which takes these vibrations into account. A comparison between this new methodology and the common industry method is made in order to quantify the difference in analyzed fatigue damage due to slug flow induced vibration. Additionally the effects of a pressure drop over a passing slug is also investigated to determine if a pressure drop should be incorporated as a design factor for slug flow induced fatigue. The new dynamic method will also be used to investigate the relation between jumper configuration and high slug flow velocity. It will show what excitation mechanisms are dominant and how this affects the fatigue behavior. Since is be the first time, to authors knowledge, such an extensive analysis of geometries and velocities is undertaken it will provide new insights into slug flow induced fatigue in subsea jumpers in general. The newly found amplification and attenuation of the vibration by the successive impacts on the bends of a subsea jumper are investigated.
Design and Optimization of Scour Protection for Offshore Wind Platform DolWin Beta
Authors: de Sonneville Ben , van Velzen Greta , Wigaard Jan 
Published: September 2014

DolWin Beta is a large offshore power converter platform, which will be used to connect multiple offshore wind farms off the German coast to the main land. It will be located in a water depth of 29m, where tidal currents and harsh wave conditions may cause soil erosion (scour) and possibly undermining of the foundation if not protected properly. Laboratory experiments were conducted in order to investigate the scouring around the foundation and provide an optimized layout for scour protection. This paper summarizes the initial scour assessment, the design approach for scour protection, the experimental set-up, test program, monitoring techniques and results of the experiments.
The test results revealed which zones of the scour protection around the foundation were most sensitive to shear failure and edge scour. In steps, the scour protection was strengthened in these zones and reduced in the more sheltered areas. The tests showed that the magnitude of rock displacement, apart from wave height and direction, was significantly influenced by the superimposed current velocity. Based on a test without scour protection, the sequence of installation was adjusted to minimize risks of scour during installation. Finally, a stable scour protection layout was obtained that was fully verified under extreme storms and long-term effects of edge scour.