bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonant Scanning with Large Field of View Reduces Photobleaching and Enhances Fluorescence Yield in STED Microscopy
Authors: Wu Yong , Wu Xundong , Lu Rong , Zhang Jin , Toro Ligia , Stefani Enrico 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhotobleaching is a major limitation of superresolution Stimulated Depletion Emission (STED) microscopy. Fast scanning has long been considered an effective means to reduce photobleaching in fluorescence microscopy, but a careful quantitative study of this issue is missing. In this paper, we show that the photobleaching rate in STED microscopy can be slowed down and the fluorescence yield be enhanced by scanning with high speed, enabled by using large field of view in a custom-built resonant-scanning STED microscope. The effect of scanning speed on photobleaching and fluorescence yield is more remarkable at higher levels of depletion laser irradiance and virtually disappears in conventional confocal microscopy. With ≥6 GW∙cm−2 depletion irradiance, we were able to extend the fluorophore survival time of Atto 647N and Abberior STAR 635P by ~80% with 8-fold wider field of view. We confirm that STED Photobleaching is primarily caused by the depletion light acting upon the excited fluorophores. Experimental data agree with a theoretical model. Our results encourage further increasing the linear scanning speed for photobleaching reduction in STED microscopy.
JBP485 promotes corneal epithelial wound healing
Authors: Nagata Maho , Nakamura Takahiro , Hata Yuiko , Yamaguchi Shumpei , Kaku Taiichi , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProper wound healing is vital for maintenance of corneal integrity and transparency. Corneal epithelial damage is one of the most frequently observed ocular disorders. Because clinical options are limited, further novel treatments are needed to improve clinical outcomes for this type of disease. In the present study, it was found that placental extract-derived dipeptide (JBP485) significantly increased the proliferation and migration of corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Moreover, JBP485 accelerated corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo without inflammation and neovascularization and was found to be effective for the treatment of corneal damage. These data indicate that JBP485 efficiently activates the viability of CECs and has potential as a novel treatment for various kinds of corneal epithelial disease.
Retrospective Analysis of Decreasing the Use of Anesthesia in Pediatric Audiology: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Padish-Clarin Gail , Hawkins Andrea J. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to analyze outcomes of processes aimed at reducing the need for use of anesthesia in evaluating pediatric hearing loss.

Method
A retrospective chart review was completed to assess how often a pediatric hearing evaluation was successful/not successful and auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing with anesthesia was avoided/required following review of orders for ABR testing with anesthesia.

Results
A total of 30% of the patients referred for ABR with anesthesia successfully completed a pediatric hearing evaluation, therefore avoiding anesthesia. Male subjects and subjects with developmental delay were less likely to avoid testing with anesthesia. None of the subjects with a comorbidity of developmental delay completed a pediatric hearing evaluation successfully. Other comorbidities with low success rates were autism spectrum disorder and speech delay. No significant outcome differences were measured as a function of referral source.

Conclusions
Processes implemented in this study resulted in elimination of the need to use anesthesia to evaluate hearing in a large portion of patients referred. Success rates for avoiding anesthesia may vary depending on available resources, physician education, and population tested. Additional benefits of the described process include reduced stress on the health care system and families receiving services.
The Relationship Between Submental Surface Electromyography and Hyo-Laryngeal Kinematic Measures of Mendelsohn Maneuver Duration
Authors: Azola Alba M. , Greene Lindsey R. , Taylor-Kamara Isha , Macrae Phoebe , Anderson Cheryl , Humbert Ianessa A. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The Mendelsohn Maneuver (MM) is a commonly prescribed technique that is taught to individuals with dysphagia to improve swallowing ability. Due to cost and safety concerns associated with videofluoroscopy (VFS) use, submental surface electromyography (ssEMG) is commonly used in place of VFS to train the MM in clinical and research settings. However, it is unknown whether ssEMG accurately reflects the prolonged hyo-laryngeal movements required for execution of the MM. The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship among ssEMG duration, duration of laryngeal vestibule closure, and duration of maximum hyoid elevation during MM performance.

Method
Participants included healthy adults and patients with dysphagia due to stroke. All performed the MM during synchronous ssEMG and VFS recording.

Results
Significant correlations between ssEMG duration and VFS measures of hyo-laryngeal kinematic durations during MM performance ranged from very weak to moderate. None of the correlations in the group of stroke patients reached statistical significance.

Conclusion
Clinicians and researchers should consider that the MM involves novel hyo-laryngeal kinematics that may be only moderately represented with ssEMG. Thus, there is a risk that these target therapeutic movements are not consistently being trained.
Enhanced‐output‐power broadband terahertz‐wave emitter based on slot‐antenna‐integrated uni‐travelling‐carrier photodiode
Authors: Ito H. , Yamamoto H. , Yoshimatsu T. , Ishibashi T. 
Published: October 2015

Resonant slot‐antenna‐integrated uni‐travelling‐carrier photodiodes were developed for enhancing terahertz (THz)‐wave output powers while maintaining relatively broad bandwidths. Their output powers were two to three times larger at their peaks than those of a non‐resonant bowtie‐antenna‐integrated device. The output powers were enhanced at frequencies from 900 GHz to 1.6 THz for a narrow‐slot device and from 350 to 850 GHz for a wide‐slot device. Typical output powers were 3.5 μW at 1.25 THz and 28 μW at 700 GHz for a photocurrent of 10 mA with a bias voltage of only −0.4 V.
10 Gbit/s serial link receiver with speculative decision feedback equaliser using mixed‐signal adaption in 65 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Wang Ziqiang , Zheng Xuqiang , Jia Wen , Wu Liji , Zhang Chun , Wang Zhihua 
Published: October 2015

A 10 Gbit/s serial link receiver with an offset‐calibrated continuous‐time linear equaliser, an adaptive one‐tap half‐rate speculative decision feedback equaliser (DFE) and a phase‐interpolator‐based clock and data recovery is presented. Adaption of the DFE is achieved by using a novel mixed‐signal implementation of the sign‐sign least mean square algorithm to save the cost of hardware and power. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology, the receiver can totally compensate 24.85 dB channel loss at a bit error rate of 10−12. The active chip area is 0.08 mm2 and the total power consumption is 57 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Performance of standard and double‐sided 3D‐radiation detectors under the impact of a temperature pulse
Authors: Abouelatta M. , Shaker A. , Gontrand C. , Ossaimee M. 
Published: October 2015

In this Letter, a comparison of the electrical performances of a standard and a double‐sided 3D‐radiation detectors using TCAD simulations is performed. The transient simulation is used to investigate the charge collection performance by swamping the detector with a uniform concentration of EHPs (75 e‐h pairs/µm), chosen to give the same total number of carriers as a minimum ionising particle. Both detectors can be biased with the same voltage level of the readout circuitry in the standard 0.35 µm BiCMOS technology, but the standard full 3D structure is preferred for its high collection charge which means high signal to noise ratio. Finally, the impact of a temperature (300−400 K) pulse with fast transition times is studied. The impact has no significant effect on the collection current waveform of the standard but it has a big influence of the current waveform of the double‐sided 3D‐detectors. This makes the standard 3D‐detector favourable than the double‐sided 3D‐detector in a harsh environment.
CMOS 65 nm 'on chip' broadband real time substrate noise measurement
Authors: Noulis T. , Lourandakis E. , Stefanou S. , Merakos P. 
Published: October 2015

A CMOS 65 nm substrate crosstalk noise sensor with exceptional performance characteristics was implemented. The sensor is integrated and fabricated onto the same die with a pin‐grid array packaged ZigBee transceiver. It provides a gain of 6.5 dB in an operating bandwidth from 1 MHz to 4.5 GHz and a −1 dB gain compression point for an input signal amplitude of 124 mV. Its superior substrate noise sensing capacity is demonstrated using measurements in an advanced wireless communication system on chip, having a programmable CMOS control logic of 120 kGate acting as the substrate noise transmitter.
Observation of zero linewidth enhancement factor at excited state band in quantum dot laser
Authors: Zubov F.I. , Maximov M.V. , Moiseev E.I. , Savelyev A.V. , Shernyakov Y.M. , Livshits D.A. , Kryzhanovskaya N.V. , Zhukov A.E. 
Published: October 2015

The linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) of an InAs/InGaAs quantum dot Fabry‐Pérot laser in a wide wavelength range from 1110 to 1300 nm, including ground state (GS) and exited state (ES) bands, is studied. LEF spectra were derived from amplified spontaneous emission spectra measured below the threshold in the pulse regime. The ES optical transition is characterised by significantly lower values of the LEF (≤0.54) as compared to the GS (≥1.21). Moreover, a zero LEF is observed within the ES spectral band. At sufficiently high currents, a near‐zero LEF (|α| ≤ 0.1) is achieved in a wide spectral interval from 1146 to 1175 nm, in which the optical gain is not less than 9 cm−1.
Data and pilot optimised combining method for new composite global navigation satellite system signal acquisition
Authors: Jianlei Yang , Tian Jin , Zhigang Huang , Honglei Qin , Rui Xue 
Published: October 2015

With the increasing adoption of high bit rate navigation signals, the performance of detection is significantly affected by sign transition. To reduce the correlation loss caused by the sign transition, three optimised channel combining methods, which include the optimised non‐coherent channel combining, optimised coherent channel combining and optimised differential channel combining, are proposed in this study. Three corresponding analytical expressions of probabilities of detection for the authors methods are derived. To better evaluate the performance of their methods, three corresponding analytical expressions of probabilities of detection for conventional channel combining methods in the presence of sign transition are also derived. Comparing with conventional channel combining and zero padding methods, although increasing the computational cost, their methods can achieve 2–2.5 and 4–6 dB acquisition sensitivity improvements according to the analytic and simulated results. Moreover, experiments on real data from global positioning system L5 further evaluate the detection performance of their methods.
The Intersecting Epidemics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Incarceration
Authors: Popovich Kyle J. , Zawitz Chad , Weinstein Robert A. , Grasso Amanda E. , Hotton Anna L. , Hota Bala 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has had a significant impact on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and incarcerated individuals. We examined electronic medical surveillance data from 2006 to 2011 and observed that even in a population of currently or recently incarcerated individuals, HIV status was a significant risk factor for MRSA infections and Hispanic ethnicity was protective.
JVLA S- and X-band polarimetry of the merging cluster Abell 2256
Authors: Ozawa Takeaki , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Akahori Takuya , Anraku Kenta , Takizawa Motokazu , Takahashi Ikumi , Onodera Sachiko , Tsuda Yuya , Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We report on polarimetry results of a merging cluster of galaxies, Abell 2256, with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA). We performed new observations with JVLA at the S band (2051–3947 MHz) and X band (8051–9947 MHz) in the C array configuration, and detected significant polarized emissions from the radio relic, Source A, and Source B in this cluster. We calculated the total magnetic-field strengths toward the radio relic using revised equipartition formula, which is 1.8–5.0 μG. With dispersions of Faraday rotation measure, the magnetic-field strengths toward Sources A and B are estimated to be 0.63–1.26 μG and 0.11–0.21 μG, respectively. An extremely high degree of linear polarization, as high as ∼ 35%, about a half of the maximum polarization, was detected toward the radio relic, which indicates highly ordered magnetic lines of force over the beam sizes (∼ 52 kpc). The fractional polarization of the radio relic decreases from ∼ 35% to ∼ 20% at around 3 GHz as the frequency decreases, and is nearly constant between 1.37 and 3 GHz. Both analyses with depolarization models and Faraday tomography suggest multiple depolarization components toward the radio relic and imply the existence of turbulent magnetic fields.
Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in French EDs: different trends for third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones
Authors: Batard Eric , Vibet Marie-Anne , Lemarchand Cathelle , Navas Dominique , Lepelletier Didier , Potel Gilles , Montassier Emmanuel 
Published: October 2015

Objectives
Third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are particularly prone to promoting bacterial resistance. Their use in Emergency Departments (EDs) is poorly known. Our objectives were to assess the use of antibacterial agents in French EDs.

Methods
This study is a retrospective study of antibiotics delivered to the adult units of 11 EDs of French academic centres in 2012, and to six of these EDs between 2009 and 2012.

Results
The total antibiotic use was 66.4 defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 ED visits in 2012, and it increased between 2009 and 2012 (yearly estimate, +1.8±0.9 DDD/1000 ED visits, P=0.048). The 3GC-FQ class, which grouped third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, accounted for 39.2% of the total antibiotic use, and the use of this class of antibiotics was highly variable among EDs (range, 31.6–49.5% of total antibiotic use). The aminopenicillin and β-lactamase inhibitor/3GC-FQ ratio varied among EDs [median (range), 0.91 (0.52–1.25)]. Between 2009 and 2012, there was a significant decrease in the use of the 3GC-FQ class (yearly estimate, −0.8±0.4% of total antibiotic use), antipneumococcal fluoroquinolones (−0.8±0.3%) and other fluoroquinolones (−0.9%±0.3%), and there was a significant increase in the use of third-generation cephalosporins (+0.7±0.3%), aminoglycosides (+0.4±0.1%), imidazole derivatives (+0.4±0.1%) and lincosamides (+0.1±0.0%).

Conclusion
Fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins are widely used in the ED. Their use is highly variable among EDs. Third-generation cephalosporins were increasingly used between 2009 and 2012, whereas the use of fluoroquinolones decreased. Reduced use of cephalosporins in the ED, without increasing fluoroquinolone use, should be aimed at through antibiotic stewardship programs.
Modular Combinatorial Binding among HumanTrans-acting Factors Reveals Direct and Indirect Factor Binding
Authors: Guo Yuchun , Gifford David K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe combinatorial binding oftrans-acting factors (TFs) to regulatory genomic regions is an important basis for the spatial and temporal specificity of gene regulation. We present a new computational approach that reveals how TFs are organized into combinatorial regulatory programs. We define a regulatory program to be a set of TFs that bind together at a regulatory region. Unlike other approaches to characterizing TF binding, we permit a regulatory region to be bound by one or more regulatory programs. We have developed a method called regulatory program discovery (RPD) that produces compact and coherent regulatory programs fromin vivobinding data using a topic model. Using RPD we find that the binding of 115 TFs in K562 cells can be organized into 49 interpretable regulatory programs that bind ~140,000 distinct regulatory regions in a modular manner. The discovered regulatory programs recapitulate many published protein-protein physical interactions and have consistent functional annotations of chromatin states. We found that, for certain TFs, direct (motif present) and indirect (motif absent) binding is characterized by distinct sets of binding partners and that the binding of other TFs can predict whether the TF binds directly or indirectly with high accuracy. Joint analysis across two cell types reveals both cell-type-specific and shared regulatory programs and that thousands of regulatory regions use different programs in different cell types. Overall, our results provide comprehensive cell-type-specific combinatorial binding maps and suggest a modular organization of binding programs in regulatory regions.
Human resources – strength and weakness in protection of intellectual capital
Authors: Olander Heidi , Hurmelinna-Laukkanen Pia , Heilmann Pia 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Human resources in knowledge intensive industries create the basis for continuing innovation and subsequent firm performance. At the same time, they pose risks for the competitiveness of the firm: unwanted leaking of knowledge and intellectual capital to outsiders exposes firm-critical knowledge, and knowledge leaving with a departing key employee may jeopardise the firm’s projects. The purpose of this paper is to examine how human resource management can serve as a protection mechanism to diminish knowledge leaking and leaving via employees.Design/methodology/approach– The authors approach these issues through a case study utilising interview data from 22 interviews within two large research and development intensive firms.Findings– Human resources could be seen both as a strength and weakness of a firm with respect to knowledge protection. The findings indicate that there are numerous practices related to commitment, trust, motivation, and sense of responsibility available to deploy to strengthen loyalty and to improve preservation of intellectual capital.Originality/value– While human resources management aspects have been widely discussed with regard job profitability and efficiency in generating intellectual capital, their connection to knowledge protection has often been overlooked. This study aims to contribute to this area.
Characteristics of the Psidium cattleianum invasion of secondary rainforests
Authors: Tng David Y. P. , Goosem Miriam W. , Paz Claudia P. , Preece Noel D. , Goosem Stephen , Fensham Roderick J. , Laurance Susan G. W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStrawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum) is a shade‐tolerant shrub or small tree invader in tropical and subtropical regions and is considered among the world's top 100 worst invasive species. Studies from affected regions report deleterious effects of strawberry guava invasion on native vegetation. Here we examine the life history demographics and environmental determinants of strawberry guava invasions to inform effective weed management in affected rainforest regions. We surveyed the vegetation of 8 mature rainforest and 33 successional sites at various stages of regeneration in the Australian Wet Tropics and found that strawberry guava invasion was largely restricted to successional forests. Strawberry guava exhibited high stem and seedling densities, represented approximately 8% of all individual stems recorded and 20% of all seedlings recorded. The species also had the highest basal area among all the non‐native woody species measured. We compared environmental and community level effects between strawberry guava‐invaded and non‐invaded sites, and modelled how the species basal area and recruitment patterns respond to these effects. Invaded sites differed from non‐invaded sites in several environmental features such as aspect, distance from intact forest blocks, as well as supported higher grass and herb stem densities. Our analysis showed that invasion is currently ongoing in secondary forests, and also that strawberry guava is able to establish and persist under closed canopies. If left unchecked, strawberry guava invasion will have deleterious consequences for native regenerating forest in the Australian Wet Tropics.
Equine Embryo Sexing and Ultrasonographic Foetal Sexing – Interests and Applicability
Authors: Crișan M. I. , Damian A. , Morar I. , Páll E. , Peștean C. , Groza I. Șt. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe ability to choose the sex of the offspring is of upmost economic importance for horse breeders. Unlike other species, horses present several reproductive peculiarities that interfere with assisted reproductive technologies used in other large animals (such as bovine) and make them difficult to apply. Thus, there is a great interest to determine the sex of the offspring as soon as possible. This has led to the development of several technologies to serve this purpose, which can be classified into two categories. One is equine embryo sexing by either non‐invasive biotechnological methods, such as monitoring of X‐linked enzymes before X chromosome inactivation and detection of sex‐specific antigen, or by invasive biotechnological methods, such as cytogenetic analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The other one is equine foetus sexing using ultrasound scanning in different stages of its development (early, mid or late), by different approaches (transrectally or transabdominally). This can be performed with classic B‐mode ultrasound machines or using 3D‐mode and Doppler‐mode scanners. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of the current status of these procedures as well as an assessment of their interests and applicability.
Botulinum toxin therapy for chronic anal fissures: where are we at currently?
Authors: Dat Anthony , Chin Martin , Skinner Stewart , Farmer Chip , Wale Roger , Carne Peter , Bell Stephen , Warrier Satish K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin (Botox) injection for chronic anal fissure (CAF) is commonly performed, yet there remains no consensus on optimal dosage or frequency of injections required to achieve complete resolution of anal fissure. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Botox and side‐effect profile in the management of CAF.MethodsA retrospective clinical study of patients between 2010 and 2014 who underwent a Botox injection for CAF at a tertiary centre was performed. The effectiveness of Botox was measured using standardized outcomes including overall healing rate, presence of anal pain, recurrence and need for repeat botulinum injection. Binary outcomes were assessed using logistic regression model. The analysis was performed using Stata version 13 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).ResultsOne hundred and one patients underwent 126 Botox injections within the study period. The mean first post‐operative visit was at 1 month. The overall recurrence rate was 32%. The majority of patients were given 33 U. No statistically significant relationship between dose and recurrence was identified. The presence of pain at the first post‐operative visit was a predictor of future recurrence (odds ratio 3.92, confidence interval 1.58–9.74, P = 0.003).ConclusionBotox is an effective strategy for CAF. Low doses can be given with good efficacy as highlighted by our audit and has the potential for great cost saving. The best predictor of recurrence is the presence of pain at the first post‐procedure visit.