bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Effective is the Cognitive Interview When Used with Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Specifically with Conversation Recall?
Authors: Clarke Jason , Prescott Katherine , Milne Rebecca 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe cognitive interview (CI) has been shown to increase correct memory recall of a diverse range of participant types, without an increase in the number of incorrect or confabulated details. However, it has rarely been examined for use with adults with intellectual disability.Measures and MethodThis study compared the memory recall of twenty‐one adults with a mild intellectual disability (ID) (IQ 70–50) and twenty‐one adults from the general population (GP). Participants viewed a film of a staged distraction theft and were interviewed using either the CI or the structured interview (SI).ResultsThe CI, when compared to the SI, enhanced the correct recall of person, action and conversation (gist) detail for both participant types, without increasing the number of incorrect or confabulated details reported. The ID group reported significantly less correct information than the GP regardless of the interview used.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the CI can enable adults with intellectual disability to provide a fuller picture about an experienced event. Implications of this research are discussed.
Influenza stigma during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic
Authors: Earnshaw Valerie A. , Quinn Diane M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe current study examined the extent to which H1N1 was stigmatized at the height of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in the U.S. and explored the role that H1N1 stigma played in people's desire for physical distance from others with H1N1. H1N1 was the most stigmatized disease, with participants endorsing greater prejudice toward people with H1N1 than people with cancer or HIV/AIDS. Further, H1N1 stigma partially mediated the relationship between participants' perceptions that H1N1 was threatening and their desire for physical distance from people with H1N1. Therefore, H1N1 stigma played a role in, but was not entirely responsible for, the relationship between perceptions that H1N1 was threatening and the desire for distance from others with H1N1.
Rape, money, and the psychology of taboo
Authors: Shen Francis X. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPolicy and legal decision making sometimes requires difficult assessments about how to translate the harm of sexual assault into dollar amounts. A web‐based experiment (n = 743) was designed to test the psychology of taboo theory in this important context. The experiment included two unique features. First, subjects were randomly assigned to assess vignettes in either a dollar metric, a 7‐point harm scale metric, or a years‐in‐jail metric. Second, subjects were given the opportunity, but not required, to provide a comment when making their assessment. Assignment to the dollar metric treatment group resulted in subjects freely expressing significantly more constitutive incommensurability comments. The effect was most pronounced when the level of sexual assault in the vignette was greatest.
A randomized controlled double‐blind investigation of the effects of vitamin D dietary supplementation in subjects with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hata T.R. , Audish D. , Kotol P. , Coda A. , Kabigting F. , Miller J. , Alexandrescu D. , Boguniewicz M. , Taylor P. , Aertker L. , Kesler K. , Hanifin J.M. , Leung D.Y.M. , Gallo R.L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundSubjects with atopic dermatitis (AD) have defects in antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production possibly contributing to an increased risk of infections. In laboratory models, vitamin D can alter innate immunity by increasing AMP production.ObjectiveTo determine if AD severity correlates with baseline vitamin D levels, and to test whether supplementation with oral vitamin D alters AMP production in AD skin.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study in 30 subjects with AD, 30 non‐atopic subjects, and 16 subjects with psoriasis. Subjects were randomized to receive either 4000 IU of cholecalciferol or placebo for 21 days. At baseline and day 21, levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), cathelicidin, HBD‐3, IL‐13, and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Rajka‐Langeland scores were obtained.ResultsAt baseline, 20% of AD subjects had serum 25OHD below 20 ng/mL. Low serum 25OHD correlated with increased Fitzpatrick Skin Type and elevated BMI, but not AD severity. After 21 days of oral cholecalciferol, mean serum 25OHD increased, but there was no significant change in skin cathelicidin, HBD‐3, IL‐13 or EASI scores.ConclusionsThis study illustrated that darker skin types and elevated BMI are important risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in subjects with AD, and highlighted the possibility that seasonality and locale may be potent contributors to cathelicidin induction through their effect on steady state 25OHD levels. Given the molecular links between vitamin D and immune function, further study of vitamin D supplementation in subjects with AD is warranted.
Species with a chemical defence, but not chemical offence, live longer
Authors: Hossie T. J. , Hassall C. , Knee W. , Sherratt T. N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEvolutionary hypotheses for ageing generally predict that delayed senescence should evolve in organisms that experience lower extrinsic mortality. Thus, one might expect species that are highly toxic or venomous (i.e. chemically protected) will have longer lifespans than related species that are not likewise protected. This remarkable relationship has been suggested to occur in amphibians and snakes. First, we show that chemical protection is highly conserved in several lineages of amphibians and snakes. Therefore, accounting for phylogenetic autocorrelation is critical when conservatively testing evolutionary hypotheses because species may possess similar longevities and defensive attributes simply through shared ancestry. Herein, we compare maximum longevity of chemically protected and nonprotected species, controlling for potential nonindependence of traits among species using recently available phylogenies. Our analyses confirm that longevity is positively correlated with body size in both groups which is consistent with life‐history theory. We also show that maximum lifespan was positively associated with chemical protection in amphibian species but not in snakes. Chemical protection is defensive in amphibians, but primarily offensive (involved in prey capture) in snakes. Thus, we find that although chemical defence in amphibians favours long life, there is no evidence that chemical offence in snakes does the same.
Turbulent life: the experiences of the family members of patients suffering from depression
Authors: Radfar M. , Ahmadi F. , Fallahi Khoshknab M. 
Published: May 2013

Accessible summary
Families of patients suffering from depression tolerate a great amount of stress during provision of care to the patients.
Penetration of the illness in family members, daily life's hardship, too much attention to the patients, delay in the acceptance of the illness and concern about the patient's current and future conditions result in turbulent life in the families.
If nurses educate families about how to gain financial and emotional support, the families’ life inflammation will reduce.
AbstractFamilies of patients suffering from depression have an important role in provision of care to the patients, which also may impose a great amount of stress on them. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of the family members of patients suffering from depression on the impact of provision of care to the patients. A qualitative design using a content analysis approach was used to gather and analyse data. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 26 family members of patients suffering from depression chosen using purposeful sampling. During data analysis, ‘turbulent life’ was developed as the main theme along with five other categories including: ‘penetration of the illness in the family’, ‘daily life's hardship’, ‘too much attention to the patient’, ‘delay in the acceptation of the illness’ and ‘concern about the patient's current and future conditions’. Each category consisted of several subcategories. It is concluded that the psychological, physical and financial factors imposed on families result in ‘turbulent life’. Nurses can reduce the burden of providing care to patients suffering from depression through improving the knowledge of family members about how to communicate with patients and increase emotional supportive resources to the patients and their family members.
Effect of hepatitis C virus on immunological and virological responses in HIV‐infected patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsiara C. G. , Nikolopoulos G. K. , Dimou N. L. , Bagos P. G. , Saroglou G. , Velonakis E. , Hatzakis A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryCo‐infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is rather common. In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), viral hepatitis could result in adverse outcomes in HIV+ patients. The current meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the impact of HCV on immunological and virological responses after HAART initiation in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals by synthesizing the existing scientific evidence. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed. Eligible studies were analysed using univariate and multivariate meta‐analytic methods. Totally, 21 studies involving 22533 individuals were eligible. The estimated summary difference in CD4 cell counts increase between HIV and HIV/HCV co‐infected subjects after 3–12 months on HAART was 34.86 cells/mm3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.82–52.89]. The difference was more prominent in patients with baseline CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm3 (38.97, 95% CI: 20.00–57.93) and attenuated 2 years later (13.43, 95% CI: 0.83–26.04). The analysis of ratio measures yielded similar findings. The virological control remained unaffected by the presence of HCV (adjusted Hazard Ratio for co‐infected patients vs those with HIV alone: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.91–1.07). The bivariate meta‐analytic method confirmed the results of the univariate approaches. This meta‐analysis supports the adverse effect of HCV on immune recovery of HIV+ patients initiating HAART, especially of those with initially impaired immunologic status. Although this effect diminishes over time, early administration of HAART in the setting of co‐infection seems to be justified.
Reading videogames as (authorless) literature
Authors: Berger Richard , McDougall Julian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article presents the outcomes of research, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council in England and informed by work in the fields of new literacy research, gaming studies and the socio‐cultural framing of education, for which the videogame L. A. Noire was studied within the orthodox framing of the English literature curriculum at A level (pre‐university) and undergraduate (degree level) in the United Kingdom. A mixed methods approach was adopted. Firstly, students contributed to a gameplay blog requiring them to discuss their in‐game experience through the ‘language game’ of English literature, culminating in answering a question constructed with the idioms of the subject's set text ‘final examination’. Secondly, students taught their teachers to play L. A. Noire, with free choice over the context for this collaboration. Thirdly, participants returned to traditional roles to work through a set of study materials, designed to reproduce the conventions of the ‘study guide’ for literature education. Fourthly, interviews were conducted after each phase. The interviews informed a redrafting of the study materials, which are now available online for teachers. In the act of inserting the study of L. A. Noire into the English literature curriculum as currently framed, this research raises epistemological questions about ‘subject identity’, and the implications for digital transformations of texts for ideas about cultural value in schooled literacy and also the politics of ‘expertise’ in pedagogic relations.
Effect of a low glycaemic index diet in gestational diabetes mellitus on post‐natal outcomes after 3 months of birth: a pilot follow‐up study
Authors: Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Markovic Tania P , Ross Glynis P , Foote Deborah , Brand‐Miller Jennie C 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA low glycaemic index (LGI) diet during pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may offer benefits to the mother and infant pair beyond those during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the effect of an LGI diet during pregnancy complicated with GDM on early post‐natal outcomes. Fifty‐eight women (age: 23–41 years; mean ± SD pre‐pregnancy body mass index: 24.5 ± 5.6 kg m−2) who had GDM and followed either an LGI diet (n = 33) or a conventional high‐fibre diet (HF; n = 25) during pregnancy had a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and blood lipid tests at 3 months post‐partum. Anthropometric assessments were conducted for 55 mother–infant pairs. The glycaemic index of the antenatal diets differed modestly (mean ± SD: 46.8 ± 5.4 vs. 52.4 ± 4.4; P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in any of the post‐natal outcomes. In conclusion, an LGI diet during pregnancy complicated by GDM has outcomes similar to those of a conventional healthy diet. Adequately powered studies should explore the potential beneficial effects of LGI diet on risk factors for chronic disease.
Cryptococcus gattii in urban trees from cities in North‐eastern Argentina
Authors: Mazza Mariana , Refojo Nicolás , Bosco‐Borgeat María Eugenia , Taverna Constanza Giselle , Trovero Alicia Cristina , Rogé Ariel , Davel Graciela 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Cryptococcus gattii genotype AFLP4/VGI was found to be associated with decaying wood in hollows of different tree species. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of C. gattii in the environment of riverside cities of the river Paraná, and to describe its serotypes and molecular types. Five hundred samples were collected in 50 parks by swabbing tree hollows. The samples were inoculated on caffeic acid agar supplemented with chloramphenicol, and incubated at 28 °C for 1 week with a daily observation. The isolates were identified by conventional methods. The serotype was determined by slide agglutination with specific antisera. Molecular typing was carried out by PCR‐RFLP of the URA5 gene. Four isolates of C. gattii were recovered: Cryptococcus gattii serotype B, genotype AFLP4/VGI, isolated from Eucalyptus sp. in the city of Rosario and from Grevillea robusta in the city of La Paz; and C. gattii serotype C, genotype AFLP5/VGIII, isolated from two different Tipuana tipu trees in the city of Resistencia. Here, we report for the first time the isolation of C. gattii serotype C, genotype AFLP5/VGIII, from environmental samples in Argentina.
Is bigger better? A retrospective analysis of native renal biopsies with 16 Gauge versus 18 Gauge automatic needles
Authors: Mai Jun , Yong Jim , Dixson Hugh , Makris Angela , Aravindan Ananthakrishnapuram , Suranyi Michael G , Wong Jeffrey 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimPercutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of renal disease; however, the tissue yield which relates to the optimal needle size used for native‐kidney biopsies has not been clearly established. Our study compares the sample adequacy and complication rates using 16 gauge (G) and 18 gauge (G) automatic needles on native kidney PRB.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of native‐kidney biopsies at two centres, one exclusively using 16G and the other exclusively using 18G needles. All samples were assessed by a single centralized pathology service. We compared patient characteristics, indications, diagnoses, adequacy of tissue samples, and complications.ResultsA total of 934 native‐kidney biopsies were performed with real time ultrasound guidance: 753 with Bard Max Core 16G × 16 cm needles, and 181 with Bard Magnum 18G × 20 cm needles. The median (range) of total glomeruli count per biopsy was higher in the 16G group compared with the 18G group (19 (0–66) vs 12 (0–35), P < 0.001), despite having fewer cores per biopsy (2 (0–4) vs 3 (1–4), P < 0.001). The 16G group provided a greater proportion of adequate biopsy samples (94.7% vs 89.4%, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the frequency of total complications between the 16G and 18G groups (3.7% vs 2.2%, P = 0.49).ConclusionThis retrospective study demonstrates 16G needles provide more glomeruli, more diagnostically adequate renal tissue, with fewer cores without a significant increase in complications compared with 18G needles. Based on these observations, 16G needles should be considered as the first line option in native‐kidney PRB.
The binomial symptom index: toward an optimal method for the evaluation of symptom association in gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Barriga‐Rivera A. , Elena M. , Moya M. J. , Lopez‐Alonso M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of symptom association in gastroesophageal reflux is an open problem. The scientific literature reports important deficiencies and clinicians are claiming a new methodology. This article provides an optimal method for the evaluation of symptom association, the binomial symptom index (BSI).MethodsA mathematical description of the BSI was presented for the study of association and causality. A total of n = 850 000 patients were simulated using a Monte Carlo model to perform a two‐way sensitivity analysis. The average and the standard deviation of the BSI were evaluated in groups of 5000 patients with the same values of the reflux rate, symptom rate, association ratio, window of association, and monitoring time in order to contrast their influence on the estimator.Key ResultsThe BSI decreased with the number of reflux episodes when there was association, and remained constant and below 40% when there was not. The standard deviation was no higher than 40% and decreased with the reflux or symptom rates, and more sharply with the monitoring time, reaching approximately 0% for 50 days. A window length matching the characteristic reflux‐symptom lag maximized the overall BSI and minimized its dispersion. Twenty‐four hour and 96‐h monitorings allowed detecting association ratios of 50% and 25%, respectively.Conclusions & InferencesThe BSI is a simple and reliable index for the evaluation of symptom association that considers all the parameters under analysis. Defining an appropriate cut‐off value, the BSI can provide a measure of probability and strength of association simultaneously.
Parent‐only vs. parent‐child (family‐focused) approaches for weight loss in obese and overweight children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jull A. , Chen R. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryFamilies are recommended as the agents of change for weight loss in overweight and obese children; family approaches are more effective than those that focus on the child alone. However, interventions that focus on parents alone have not been summarized. The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions that compared a parent‐only (PO) condition with a parent‐child (PC) condition. Four trials using a similar between‐group background approaches to overweight and obese children's weight loss met the inclusion criteria, but only one trial reported sufficient data for meta‐analysis. Further information was obtained from authors. Meta‐analysis showed no significant difference in z‐BMI from baseline to end of treatment between the conditions (three trials) or to end of follow up (two trials). The trials were at risk of bias and no single trial was at lower risk of bias than others. There is an absence of high quality evidence regarding the effect of parent‐only interventions for weight loss in children compared to parent‐child interventions, but current evidence suggests the need for further investigation.
Isotopic composition of transpiration and rates of change in leaf water isotopologue storage in response to environmental variables
Authors: SIMONIN KEVIN A. , RODDY ADAM B. , LINK PERCY , APODACA RANDY , TU KEVIN P. , HU JIA , DAWSON TODD E. , BARBOUR MARGARET M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuring daylight hours, the isotope composition of leaf water generally approximates steady‐state leaf water isotope enrichment model predictions. However, until very recently there was little direct confirmation that isotopic steady‐state (ISS) transpiration in fact exists. Using isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS) and leaf gas exchange systems we evaluated the isotope composition of transpiration and the rate of change in leaf water isotopologue storage (isostorage) when leaves were exposed to variable environments. In doing so, we developed a method for controlling the absolute humidity entering the gas exchange cuvette for a wide range of concentrations without changing the isotope composition of water vapour. The measurement system allowed estimation of 18O enrichment both at the evaporation site and for bulk leaf water, in the steady state and the non‐steady state. We show that non–steady‐state effects dominate the transpiration isoflux even when leaves are at physiological steady state. Our results suggest that a variable environment likely prevents ISS transpiration from being achieved and that this effect may be exacerbated by lengthy leaf water turnover times due to high leaf water contents.
Auxin transport during root gravitropism: transporters and techniques
Authors: Geisler M. , Wang B. , Zhu J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRoot gravitropism is a complex, plant‐specific process allowing roots to grow downward into the soil. Polar auxin transport and redistribution are essential for root gravitropism. Here we summarise our current understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and involved transporters that establish, maintain and redirect intercellular auxin gradients as the driving force for root gravitropism. We evaluate the genetic, biochemical and cell biological approaches presently used for the analysis of auxin redistribution and the quantification of auxin fluxes. Finally, we also discuss new tools that provide a higher spatial or temporal resolution and our technical needs for future gravitropism studies.
Translation and validation of the wound‐specific quality of life instrument Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule in a Swedish population
Authors: Fagerdahl Ann‐Mari , Boström Lennart , Ulfvarson Johanna , Bergström Gunnar , Ottosson Carin 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo translate and validate the wound‐specific health‐related quality of life instrument, the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule (CWIS) in a Swedish population.MethodsThe instrument was first translated into Swedish, using the Standard Linguistic Validation Process. The Swedish version of the CWIS was then tested for its psychometric properties in a Swedish context. A total of 117 patients with acute and hard‐to‐heal wounds were included. The patients were asked to fill in the Swedish version of the CWIS and the generic instrument SF‐36 at baseline and after 1 week. Patients with acute wounds were also asked to fill in both instruments after 6 weeks.ResultsFace validity and content validity were assessed by patients and an expert group, and judged as good. Criterion validity was calculated with correlation between CWIS and SF‐36, reaching moderate to high values. Reliability of the three domains of the CWIS measured with internal consistency and test–retest stability was acceptable to excellent. Internal responsiveness was assessed with standardised response mean and showed moderate to high sensitivity.ConclusionsThis study concludes that the Swedish version of CWIS is a valid and reliable tool for measuring health‐related quality of life in patients with acute and hard‐to‐heal wounds.