bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Application Methods for Suppressing the Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Beauveria bassiana Under Field Conditions
Authors: Shapiro-Ilan David I. , Gardner Wayne A. , Cottrell Ted E. , Behle Robert W. , Wood Bruce W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a key pest of pecans. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin is pathogenic to C. caryae. One approach to managing C. caryae may be application of B. bassiana directed toward adult weevils as they emerge from the soil to attack nuts in the tree canopy. Our objective was to compare different application methods for suppression of C. caryae adults. Treatments included direct application of B. bassiana (GHA strain) to soil under the tree canopy, soil application followed by cultivation, soil application in conjunction with a cover crop (Sudan grass), direct application to the tree trunk, and application to the trunk with an UV radiation–protecting adjuvant. The study was conducted in a pecan orchard in Byron, GA, in 2005 and 2006. Naturally emerging C. caryae adults, caught after crawling to the trunk, were transported to the laboratory to determine percentage mortality and signs of mycosis. When averaged over the 15-d sampling period, weevil mortality and signs of mycosis were greater in all treatments than in the nontreated control in 2005 and 2006; &gt;75% average mortality was observed with the trunk application both years and in the trunk application with UV protection in 2005. Results indicated trunk applications can produce superior efficacy relative to ground application, particularly if the ground application is followed by cultivation. Efficacy in the cover crop treatment, however, did not differ from other application approaches. Future research should focus on elucidating the causes for treatment differences we observed and the extent to which B. bassiana –induced C. caryae mortality reduces crop damage.
The Paris Commune in Bolshevik Mythology
Authors: Bergman Jay 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The article describes and analyses the mythology that the Bolsheviks in Russia created about the Paris Commune of 1871. At first glance it seems odd that they would do this: the Commune existed for only a few months in a foreign country, and by the time the Bolsheviks took power in 1917, it was a distant memory for the few Russians who remembered it. But because the socialism the Bolsheviks promised had no demonstrable empirical validity—in 1917 no socialist regimes existed—the Bolsheviks found the legitimacy they needed as the new rulers of Russia primarily in history: in historical events like the Commune, which in their minds anticipated their own revolution and justified the radical transformation in Russia and elsewhere that would follow it. That the Commune was a failure was not an impediment. In fact, the aura of martyrdom it exuded made the Communards more admirable rather than less so.
The article traces the evolution of this mythology from its origins in Lenin’s views prior to the October Revolution, through the 1920s and into the Stalin era. The article shows how Bolshevik views of the Commune were reflected in theatre, music, movies, the omnipresent posters and placards of which the Soviet leadership was inordinately fond, and other expressions of popular culture. Finally, the article explores what the Bolsheviks’ critics on the left, notably Kautsky and Martov, had to say about the Commune, and why Lenin and Trotsky in particular felt compelled to polemicise against them with such vituperation and rhetorical violence.
53BP1 promotes microhomology-mediated end-joining in G1-phase cells
Authors: Xiong Xiahui , Du Zhanwen , Wang Ying , Feng Zhihui , Fan Pan , Yan Chunhong , Willers Henning , Zhang Junran 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Alternative non-homologous end joining (alt-NHEJ) was originally identified as a backup repair mechanism in the absence of classical NHEJ (c-NHEJ) factors but recent studies have demonstrated that alt-NHEJ is active even when c-NHEJ as well as homologous recombination is available. The functions of 53BP1 in NHEJ processes are not well understood. Here, we report that 53BP1 promotes DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and genomic stability not only in c-NHEJ-proficient but also -deficient human G1-phase cells. Using an array of repair substrates we show that these effects of 53BP1 are correlated with a promotion of microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), a subtype of alt-NHEJ, in G1-phase. Consistent with a specific role in MMEJ we confirm that 53BP1 status does not affect c-NHEJ. 53BP1 supports sequence deletion during MMEJ consistent with a putative role in facilitating end-resection. Interestingly, promotion of MMEJ by 53BP1 in G1-phase cells is only observed in the presence of functional BRCA1. Depletion of both 53BP1 and BRCA1 increases repair needing microhomology usage and augments loss of DNA sequence, suggesting that MMEJ is a highly regulated DSB repair process. Together, these findings significantly expand our understanding of the cell-cycle-dependent roles of 53BP1 in DSB repair.
Co-authorship networks: a review of the literature
Authors: Kumar Sameer 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to attempt to provide a review of the growing literature on co-authorship networks and the research gaps that may be investigated for future studies in this field.Design/methodology/approach– The existing literature on co-authorship networks was identified, evaluated and interpreted. Narrative review style was followed.Findings– Co-authorship, a proxy of research collaboration, is a key mechanism that links different sets of talent to produce a research output. Co-authorship could also be seen from the perspective of social networks. An in-depth analysis of such knowledge networks provides an opportunity to investigate its structure. Patterns of these relationships could reveal, for example, the mechanism that shapes our scientific community. The study provides a review of the expanding literature on co-authorship networks.Originality/value– This is one of the first comprehensive reviews of network-based studies on co-authorship. The field is fast evolving, opening new gaps for potential research. The study identifies some of these gaps.
Does economic freedom in host countries lead to increased foreign direct investment?
Authors: Sambharya Rakesh B , Rasheed Abdul A 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This study aims to examine the effect of the various dimensions of economic freedom and political freedom in host countries on the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows over a six-year period from 1995 to 2000 in 95 countries.Design/methodology/approach– The sample consists of 95 countries and relates to the time period from 1995 to 2000. The sample is of a longitudinal or panel nature.Findings– Results indicate that better economic management (monetary policy, fiscal burden and banking and finance), less government participation in the economy, less state intervention (strong property rights, less regulation, low prevalence of informal markets and less corruption), absence of wage and price controls and higher levels of political freedom lead to higher FDI inflows after controlling for FDI stock.Research limitations/implications– Most empirical studies using indices such as the Index of Economic freedom are subject to certain methodological limitations such as model selection, parameter heterogeneity and outliers and moral hazard.Practical implications– Empirical findings suggest that the role played by governments in national economies have significant influence over FDI decisions.Social implications– From a policy perspective, our results imply that to attract FDI, governments will need to improve the institutional environments of their countries. More specifically, improving the levels of economic and political freedoms can greatly facilitate the inflow of FDI.Originality/value– One of the main contributions of the present study to the international business literature is that it is one of the first that explicitly relates the ten components that constitute “economic freedom” to FDI.
Understanding board-CEO power dependency perspective under symbolic management
Authors: Zhang Pingying , Fadil Paul , Baynard Chris 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to better understand dependency issues between the CEO and the board as well as the between the board and CEO through Emerson’s power dependency framework.Design/methodology/approach– A symbolic management approach is integrated with a board-CEO power dependency model to study the dependency issues.Findings– According to the symbolic management perspective, uncertainty increases the likelihood of symbolic actions. A high level of uncertainty in CEO dependency issues suggests a high likelihood that board power over the CEO is manifested on a symbolic level, whereas a low level of uncertainty in board dependency issues suggests otherwise for CEO power over the board. The core of board-dependency issues is information provision.Practical implications– A focus on improving board control over CEO performance, compensation and strategic proposals is likely to generate symbolic actions without an effective result.Originality/value– The paper advocates that an effective approach to enhance board power is through reducing board information dependency on the CEO.
A cross-cultural analysis of factors influencing choice in volunteering activities
Authors: Offstein Evan H. , Chory Rebecca M. , Childers Jr J. Stephen 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This study aims to offer insights into the contextual and situational variables that influence volunteering choices.Design/methodology/approach– An analysis of European and US business students’ volunteering experiences is performed. Cross-cultural and experiential outcomes are compared and contrasted at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.Findings– A majority of volunteering decisions are made without thoughtful reflection, based on convenience in an effort to reduce personal hardship, and influenced heavily by institutional and organizational structures.Originality/value– These results call into question the notion that volunteering-related choices are deeply personal, purposeful and/or reflective decisions. Moreover, the findings begin to explain why volunteerism continues to be dogged by labels such as “ineffective”, “inefficient” or “lacking in value” when benchmarked against expectations.
Consumer trust and distrust: retaining paper bills in online banking
Authors: McNeish Joanne 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of paper bills and statements in online and mobile banking and how they may serve to support trust along with mitigating distrust for consumers when dealing with banks and billing firms.Design/methodology/approach– A two-phase study with 208 Canadian online bill payers. Phase 1 verified the comprehension of the measurement items being tested. In Phase 2, exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure. Regression analysis was used to identify the relationship of the factors with the intention to continuing receiving paper bills.Findings– Four factors for trust and distrust were identified in this study of which two (structural assurance and counted on to help) plus subjective norm predict the intention to continue receiving paper bills.Research limitations/implications– Trust and distrust are shown to co-exist in this study. Consumers feel vulnerable to the risks inherent in online financial interactions, but signal their willingness to trust by adopting online and mobile banking. Consumers mitigate the distrust they have in banks and billing firms by continuing to receive paper bills and statements. This study is limited to paper bills and statements. The role of other paper documents in customer relationship management is worthy of further exploration.Practical implications– This research investigates the role of financial documents in the consumer-firm relationship. This study suggests that paper bills are a communication method that supports consumers’ trust in the banks and billing firms and their adoption of online and mobile banking. Banks and billing firms’ continued emphasis on consumers’ giving up paper bills while insisting on original paper documentation in problem resolution situations, sends mixed messages to consumers, which heightens their distrust in these firms.Originality/value– This is the first study to suggest that paper bills and statements have a role in influencing trust or distrust of banks and billing firms.
Fuzzy neural network control of the rehabilitation robotic arm driven by pneumatic muscles
Authors: Jiang Xianzhi , Wang Zenghuai , Zhang Chao , Yang Liangliang 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the control performance of the robotic arm by the controller of fuzzy neural network (FNN).

Design/methodology/approach
– The robot system has characters of high order, time delay, time variation and serious nonlinearity. The classical PID controller cannot achieve satisfactory performance in control of such a complex system. This paper combined the fuzzy control with neural networks and established the FNN controller and applied it in control of the robot.

Findings
– The experimental results showed that the FNN controller had excellent performances in position control of the rehabilitation robotic arm such as fast response, small overshoot and small vibration.

Research limitations/implications
– This work is focused on the static FNN algorithm by updating the second and fifth layers of the membership functions. The performance can be improved further if the third layer (reasoning layer) can be updated online.

Originality/value
– Based on a hierarchical structure of the FNN controller, this paper designed the FNN controller and applied it in control of the rehabilitation robot driven by pneumatic muscles.
A fuzzy model for evaluating risk impacts on variability between contract sum and final account in government-funded construction projects
Authors: Ameyaw Ernest Effah , Chan Albert P.C. , Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Coleman Ekow 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify and then evaluate perceived risk factors influencing variability between contract sum and final count, and to develop a fuzzy risk assessment model for evaluating the overall impact of established critical risk factors impacting on variability between contract sum and final account in government-funded construction projects. Construction projects are characterised by risk factors that significantly impact on variability between the contract sum and final account.Design/methodology/approach– A research approach integrating questionnaire survey, mean scoring ranking and principal component factor analysis (PCFA) methods was adopted to evaluate and classify the critical risk factors. A fuzzy synthetic evaluation method was sequentially applied to compute the overall risk impact (ORI) of eight critical risk factors’ impact on variability between contract sum and final account.Findings– Initial results showed that eight critical risk factors have high impact on variations between contract sum and final account, namely (in order): project funding problems, underestimation of quantities, variations by client, change in scope of works, inadequate specification, change in design by client, defects in design and unexpected site (ground) conditions. PCFA produced two factor solutions: “professional-related factors” and “client factors”. The fuzzy model further showed that the ORI is 5.48, indicating that these risk factors have a high impact on variability between contract sum and final account in public construction projects. The client factors have a very high impact (5.59), while the professional-related factors indicated a high impact (5.41) on project cost variability.Originality/value– A practical model is proposed to evaluate the key risks associated with cost overruns in public projects. By giving effective and sustained attention to these factors, variability between contract sum and final account, a common situation in Ghana, can be controlled to achieve cost savings in public infrastructure projects.
Interactions of pre‐symbolic children with developmental disabilities with their mothers and siblings
Authors: Singh Susheel Joginder , Iacono Teresa , Gray Kylie M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundDepending on the severity of their disabilities, children with Down syndrome (DS) and with cerebral palsy (CP) may remain pre‐symbolic for prolonged periods of time. When interacting with pre‐symbolic children, communication partners have a role in identifying which of their behaviours are communicative, to be able to respond to those behaviours and maintain reciprocal interaction. To date, most research on these children's communication development has been conducted within the context of mother–child interaction. Seldom have they been observed interacting with other family members, and in interactions other than dyadic, despite these interactions also occurring daily.AimsTo explore and compare the interaction of mothers and siblings with pre‐symbolic children with DS and with CP in dyadic and triadic contexts.Methods & ProceduresTwelve pre‐symbolic children with DS (aged 1;10–5;04 years) and 12 with CP (aged 1;09–5;07 years), and their mothers and siblings participated in this study. They were recruited from early intervention centres from the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Children were observed as they engaged in three play interactions: mother–child, sibling–child and mother–sibling–child (triadic).Outcomes & ResultsChildren produced the most pre‐symbolic communicative behaviours during mother–child, followed by triadic and lastly sibling–child interaction, suggesting that the mother's presence encouraged children to communicate. Mothers created a more facilitative communication environment for the children than did siblings, by directing high rates of initiations towards them and by taking turns that paved the way for the child's next turn. Although siblings’ low rates of interaction did not provide children with as many opportunities to produce communicative behaviours, it encouraged them to produce high proportions of initiations. During triadic interaction, mothers and siblings had to direct interaction towards two communication partners, causing them to direct less interaction towards the children with DS or CP. There was no significant difference in mother and sibling responsiveness to children's communicative behaviours across interactions and disability types, suggesting that mothers and siblings might have adapted to the children's various early communicative behaviours.Conclusions & ImplicationsFrom this study, it was evident that mothers and siblings of pre‐symbolic children with DS and with CP engaged them in reciprocal interaction. Findings on how mothers and siblings influence pre‐symbolic children's communication suggest the need to involve them in assessment and intervention for these children.
Propping up dictators? Economic cooperation from China and its impact on authoritarian persistence in party and non‐party regimes
Authors: Bader Julia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article investigates how China's economic cooperation affects authoritarian persistence elsewhere. For the period 1998–2008, the article assesses quantitatively whether the effects of economic cooperation from China vary, conditioned by the regime type of the recipient. The analysis finds that China's economic cooperation is associated with regime durability in party‐based regimes. In non‐party regimes, in contrast, it is associated with regime collapse.
Posterosuperior glenoid internal impingement of the shoulder in the overhead athlete: Pathogenesis, clinical features and MR imaging findings
Authors: Fessa Chris Kon , Peduto Anthony , Linklater James , Tirman Phillip 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPosterosuperior glenoid internal impingement (PGII) is an impingement syndrome of the shoulder that is most commonly seen in the throwing or overhead athlete. The supraspinatus can be normally compressed or impinged between the greater tuberosity and the posterosuperior labrum in the abduction and external rotation position. However, repetitive throwing and biomechanical abnormalities may lead to the intensification of this contact and to the clinical and pathological picture of PGII. The injured athlete usually complains of poor throwing performance and pain located in the posterosuperior aspect of the shoulder. Two main theories regarding the aetiology of PGII have been postulated with differing initial mechanisms. The MRI features of PGII have been described and include supraspinatus and anterior infraspinatus partial undersurface tears, bony changes at the humeral head and labral pathology, including a variation of the type II superior labrum from anterior to posterior lesion. This pictorial essay aims to present cases illustrating the pathophysiology, clinical features and recently described MRI findings, and discuss some of the MR protocol considerations.
Effect of intergenerational asset transfers on land distribution in rural Cambodia: case studies of three rice‐growing villages
Authors: Yagura Kenjiro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAfter land reallocation in the early 1980s, inequality in landholdings has re‐emerged in rural Cambodia. Besides land sales and purchases, intergenerational transfers of assets may foster inequality in landholdings among “second generation” (2G) couples who, having wed after the 1980s reallocation, received no land from the government. Data analysis of three rice‐growing villages reveals that land received directly from parents accounts for 18–41% of inequality in landholdings among sample 2G couples. Although net land gain after marriage, primarily through purchases, is the largest contributor to the inequality, nonland assets received from parents positively affect the net gain. Direct and indirect effects combined, assets received from parents account for 35–57% of inequality in landholdings. The effect of assortative matching of the acreage received from parents has hitherto been small.