bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No association between iron status and self‐reported health‐related quality of life in 16,375 Danish blood donors: results from the Danish Blood Donor Study
Authors: Rigas Andreas S. , Pedersen Ole B. , Sørensen Cecilie J. , Sørensen Erik , Kotzé Sebastian R. , Petersen Mikkel S. , Thørner Lise W. , Hjalgrim Henrik , Erikstrup Christian , Ullum Henrik 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDHealth‐related quality of life (HRQL) represents people's subjective assessment of their mental and physical well‐being. HRQL is highly predictive of future health. The effect of iron deficiency without anemia induced by blood donation on HRQL is presently unknown. The aim was to explore the relationship between iron status and self‐reported mental component score (MCS; SF‐12) and physical component score (PCS; SF‐12) in Danish blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSComplete relevant data, including the 12‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐12), plasma ferritin levels, age, body mass index, smoking status, C‐reactive protein levels, number of donations in the previous 3 years, and PCS and MCS, were available for 8692 men and 7683 women enrolled from March 1, 2010, to December 31, 2010. Multivariable linear and logistic (cutoff at the 10th percentile) regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between iron deficiency (ferritin < 15 ng/mL) and MCS and PCS, respectively. Analyses were performed separately for men and women.RESULTSThere was no significant relationship between iron deficiency and self‐reported mental or physical health.CONCLUSIONThis study found no association between iron stores and self‐reported HRQL among Danish blood donors.
Landscape complexity has limited effects on the genetic structure of two arable plant species, Adonis aestivalis and Consolida regalis
Authors: Meyer S , Wesche K , Hans J , Leuschner C , Albach D C 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe agricultural landscape of central Europe has changed dramatically in recent decades due to intensified cultivation, bringing many of its characteristic species to the brink of extinction. We investigated whether landscape structure affects the genetic structure and diversity of remnant populations of the two arable plant species Adonis aestivalis and Consolida regalis. We used dominant amplified fragment length polymorphism markers (AFLPs) and compared populations from six regions of 5 km² in central Germany. These regions represent two different classes of landscape structural complexity: intensively used, homogeneous landscapes (>95% of area covered by arable land with low extent of field margins) or heterogeneous regions (<60% of area covered by arable land with large extent of field margins). Contrary to expectations, within‐population diversity levels did not significantly differ between homogeneous and heterogeneous landscapes. No significant isolation‐by‐distance was found for either species, regardless of landscape structure, and genetic structures may still mirror more continuous conditions before large‐scale restructuring commenced in Germany's arable landscapes from the 1950s onwards. These results suggest that current landscape complexity, as such, is not as important for local‐level genetic structure for the species studied. Thus, homogenised and intensively used landscapes may also be important for the conservation of arable plant diversity and should not be neglected.
Old Habits Die Hard: Addiction of BRAF-Mutant Cancer Cells to MAP Kinase Signaling
Authors: Meador Catherine B. , Pao William 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Summary: Dual and triple combination therapies with RAF inhibitors plus other targeted agents have demonstrated promising clinical utility in BRAFV600-mutant solid tumors. However, despite vertical inhibition at multiple nodes on the MAPK signaling pathway, resistant tumors emerge. Ahronian and colleagues show that in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer, resistance involves reactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling and may be overcome by newly emerging ERK inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 5(4); 348–50. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Ahronian et al., p. 358
Targeting Autophagy in BRAF-Mutant Tumors
Authors: Thorburn Andrew , Morgan Michael J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Summary: Recent studies have highlighted the opportunity to treat cancer by inhibiting autophagy, but have also raised important caveats with this idea. An article in this issue of Cancer Discovery adds to accumulating evidence suggesting that we should focus our efforts (at least initially) on specific tumors where we are most likely to see beneficial effects. Cancer Discov; 5(4); 353–4. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Xie et al., p. 410
Relative Dispersion in the Atmosphere from Reanalysis Winds
Authors: Graff L. S. , Guttu S. , LaCasce J. H. 
Published: April 2015

The dispersion of pairs of synthetic particles, advected with ECMWF winds, is examined. The particles were deployed at three latitudes and on three potential temperature surfaces in both hemispheres. Separation statistics are calculated and evaluated in relation to 2D turbulence theory and to Eulerian structure functions calculated directly from the wind data. At the smallest sampled scales (100–1000 km), the pair-separation velocities are correlated, and the dispersion is laterally isotropic, at least at the higher latitudes. At larger scales, the dispersion is zonally anisotropic, and the pair velocities are uncorrelated. In all cases, the dispersion grows exponentially in time, and the second-order Eulerian structure functions consistently increase as separation squared. This implies nonlocal dispersion, which obtains with energy spectra at least as steep as K−3. Regional variations are seen in the parameters however. The e-folding times and the maximum scales for exponential growth are significantly larger on the 430-K surface than on the 315-K surface, and the dispersion is anisotropic at low latitudes, even at the smallest scales. Therefore, 2D homogeneous turbulence theory is applicable at best at subdeformation scales at the higher latitudes.
Scale-Dependent Performance of CMIP5 Earth System Models in Simulating Terrestrial Vegetation Carbon*
Authors: Jiang Lifen , Yan Yaner , Hararuk Oleksandra , Mikle Nathaniel , Xia Jianyang , Shi Zheng , Tjiputra Jerry , Wu Tongwen , Luo Yiqi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Model intercomparisons and evaluations against observations are essential for better understanding of models’ performance and for identifying the sources of uncertainty in their output. The terrestrial vegetation carbon simulated by 11 Earth system models (ESMs) involved in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) was evaluated in this study. The simulated vegetation carbon was compared at three distinct spatial scales (grid, biome, and global) among models and against the observations (an updated database from Olson et al.’s “Major World Ecosystem Complexes Ranked by Carbon in Live Vegetation: A Database”). Moreover, the underlying causes of the differences in the models’ predictions were explored. Model–data fit at the grid scale was poor but greatly improved at the biome scale. Large intermodel variability was pronounced in the tropical and boreal regions, where total vegetation carbon stocks were high. While 8 out of 11 ESMs reproduced the global vegetation carbon to within 20% uncertainty of the observational estimate (560 ± 112 Pg C), the simulated global totals varied nearly threefold between the models. The goodness of fit of ESMs in simulating vegetation carbon depended strongly on the spatial scales. Sixty-three percent of the variability in contemporary global vegetation carbon stocks across ESMs could be explained by differences in vegetation carbon residence time across ESMs (P &lt; 0.01). The analysis indicated that ESMs’ performance of vegetation carbon predictions can be substantially improved through better representation of plant longevity (i.e., carbon residence time) and its respective spatial distributions.
Temperature Trends over Germany from Homogenized Radiosonde Data
Authors: Pattantyús-Ábrahám Margit , Steinbrecht Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Temperature data from radiosondes over Germany have been homogenized manually. The method makes use of the different radiosonde (RS) networks existing in East and West Germany until 1990. The largest temperature adjustments, up to 2.5 K, apply to Freiberg sondes used in the east in the 1950s and 1960s. Adjustments for Graw Hamburg 1948 (H48), 1950 (H50), and Munich 1960 (M60) sondes, used in the west from the 1950s to the late 1980s, and for RKZ sondes, used in the east in the 1970s and 1980s, are also significant: 0.3–0.5 K. Small differences between Vaisala RS80 and RS92 sondes used throughout Germany since 1990 and ~2004, respectively, were not corrected for at levels from the ground to 300 hPa. Comparison of the homogenized data with other datasets—Radiosonde Innovation Composite Homogenization (RICH) and Hadley Centre Atmospheric Temperature, version 2 (HadAT2)—and with Microwave Sounding Unit satellite data shows generally good agreement. HadAT2 data exhibit a few suspicious spikes in the 1970s and 1980s and some suspicious offsets up to 1 K after 1995. Compared to RICH, the homogenized data show slightly different temperatures, by less than ~0.4 K, in the 1960s and 1970s. As reported in other studies, the troposphere over Germany has been warming by 0.2 ± 0.1 K decade−1 from ~1950 to 2013, and the stratosphere has been cooling. The stratospheric trend increases from almost no change near 230 hPa (the tropopause) to −0.4 ± 0.2 K decade−1 near 50 hPa. Trends from the homogenized data are more positive by about 0.1 K decade−1 compared to the original data, both in the troposphere and stratosphere.
Assessment of a Dual-Channel Array Spectrometer for Ground-Based Ozone Retrievals
Authors: Smedley Andrew R. D. , Kift Richard C. , Webb Ann R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study describes a dual-channel array spectrometer system designed to make high-frequency simultaneous spectral global irradiance and direct solar irradiance measurements covering the visible and ultraviolet wavelength ranges. The dual-channel nature of the instrument allows spectrally integrated quantities (e.g., erythema or vitamin D) to be calculated at a rate similar to broadband instruments while retrieving total column ozone (TCO) from the direct solar channel. The characterization and calibration of the instrument is discussed, with emphasis on temperature stabilization (<±0.01°C) and stray light removal. Focusing on the TCO retrieval from direct spectra, results are compared to a collocated Brewer spectrophotometer during the study period of May 2013–January 2014. Agreement for individual measurements made within 20 min of a reference Brewer direct sun observation on relatively clear example days is <1.5%. For all valid individual measurements, the study found an overall bias of 1.1 Dobson units (DU; 0.4%) and scatter of ±6.7 DU (2.2%) for retrievals obtained at airmass values < 4. A dependence on air mass of 6.3 DU (2.0%) per airmass unit is observed and a correlation of R2 = 0.954 is found for all individual measurements, although this is reduced to 0.908 for daily means. TCO retrievals are limited to airmass values < 4 primarily because of residual structure in the transmission spectrum that cannot be attributed to other trace gases. These results are encouraging and suggest that similar instrument designs could make a significant and relatively low-cost contribution to surface measurements of atmospheric radiation.
Moving toward the Deliberate Coproduction of Climate Science Knowledge
Authors: Meadow Alison M. , Ferguson Daniel B. , Guido Zack , Horangic Alexandra , Owen Gigi , Wall Tamara 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCoproduction of knowledge is believed to be an effective way to produce usable climate science knowledge through a process of collaboration between scientists and decision makers. While the general principles of coproduction—establishing long-term relationships between scientists and stakeholders, ensuring two-way communication between both groups, and keeping the focus on the production of usable science—are well understood, the mechanisms for achieving those goals have been discussed less. It is proposed here that a more deliberate approach to building the relationships and communication channels between scientists and stakeholders will yield better outcomes. The authors present five approaches to collaborative research that can be used to structure a coproduction process that each suit different types of research or management questions, decision-making contexts, and resources and skills available to contribute to the process of engagement. By using established collaborative research approaches scientists can be more effective in learning from stakeholders, can be more confident when engaging with stakeholders because there are guideposts to follow, and can assess both the process and outcomes of collaborative projects, which will help the whole community of stakeholder-engaged climate-scientists learn about coproduction of knowledge.
Clinical factors underlying a single surgery or repetitive surgeries to treat superior oblique muscle palsy
Authors: Aoba Kana , Matsuo Toshihiko , Hamasaki Ichiro , Hasebe Kayoko 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to know clinical factors underlying either a single surgery or repetitive surgeries, required to treat superior oblique muscle palsy. Retrospective review was made on 246 consecutive patients with idiopathic (n = 212) or acquired (n = 34) superior oblique muscle palsy who underwent surgeries in 8 years at one institution. Idiopathic palsy included congenital and decompensated palsies while acquired palsy included traumatic and ischemic palsies. Clinical factors, compared between groups with a single surgery (n = 203) and two or more surgeries (n = 43), were surgical methods, sex, age at surgery, horizontal, vertical, and cyclotorsional deviations, and stereopsis at near fixation. Inferior oblique muscle recession on paretic side was chosen in about 60% of the single-surgery and repetitive-surgery group as an initial surgery, followed by inferior rectus muscle recession on non-paretic side. The age at surgery was significantly older, vertical and cyclotorsional deviations were significantly larger in the repetitive-surgery group, compared with the single-surgery group (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, P = 0.02, Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively). The 95% confidence interval of vertical deviations was 15–17 prism diopters in the single-surgery group and 23–28 prism diopters in the repetitive surgery group. Significant differences in vertical deviations were replicated also in subgroups of patients with either idiopathic or acquired palsy. In conclusions, the 95% confidence interval of vertical deviations, determined by alternate prism and cover test, would be used as a common benchmark for predicting either a single surgery or repetitive surgeries, required to treat idiopathic and acquired superior oblique muscle palsy, in the process of obtaining the informed consent.
Adrenal Insufficiency in Corticosteroids Use: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Broersen Leonie H. A. , Pereira Alberto M. , Jørgensen Jens Otto L. , Dekkers Olaf M. 
Published: April 2015

Objective:We aimed to estimate pooled percentages of patients with adrenal insufficiency after treatment with corticosteroids for various conditions in a meta-analysis. Secondly, we aimed to stratify the results by route of administration, disease, treatment dose, and duration.Methods:We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and CINAHL/Academic Search Premier) in February 2014 to identify potentially relevant studies. Original articles testing adult corticosteroid users for adrenal insufficiency were eligible.Results:We included 74 articles with a total of 3753 participants. Stratified by administration form, percentages of patients with adrenal insufficiency ranged from 4.2% for nasal administration (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–28.9) to 52.2% for intra-articular administration (95% CI, 40.5–63.6). Stratified by disease, percentages ranged from 6.8% for asthma with inhalation corticosteroids only (95% CI, 3.8–12.0) to 60.0% for hematological malignancies (95% CI, 38.0–78.6). The risk also varied according to dose from 2.4% (95% CI, 0.6–9.3) (low dose) to 21.5% (95% CI, 12.0–35.5) (high dose), and according to treatment duration from 1.4% (95% CI, 0.3–7.4) (&lt;28 d) to 27.4% (95% CI, 17.7–39.8) (&gt;1 year) in asthma patients.Conclusions:1) Adrenal insufficiency after discontinuation of glucocorticoid occurs frequently; 2) there is no administration form, dosing, treatment duration, or underlying disease for which adrenal insufficiency can be excluded with certainty, although higher dose and longer use give the highest risk; 3) the threshold to test corticosteroid users for adrenal insufficiency should be low in clinical practice, especially for those patients with nonspecific symptoms after cessation.
An Empirical Analysis of China's Wood Pulp and Recovered Paper Imports Using an Augmented Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Tang Shuai , Song Weiming , Perez-Garcia John , Eastin Ivan L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Production and consumption trends of China's pulp and paper products are discussed as well as imports of two principal raw materials: wood pulp and recovered paper. We developed an augmented gravity model to understand trade behavior between China and its trading partners using panel data from 1995 to 2012. The results show that China's economic growth is an important driver for wood pulp and recovered paper imports. Exporters' economic size has positive impacts on wood pulp exports and is also a significant factor in determining recovered paper exports. Distance has a significant negative impact on China's wood pulp and recovered paper imports. Finally, China's accession to the World Trade Organization increased both its wood pulp and recovered paper imports.
De Paciente a Terapeuta: A Ressignificação do Processo Saúde-Doença e Empoderamento na Terapia Comunitária
Authors: Giffoni Francinete Alves De Oliveira 
Published: April 2015

<p>O presente artigo apresenta um Relato de Caso sbre a Ressignificação do Processo Saúde-Doença e Empoderamento na Terapia Comunitária, à partir da história de vida do Sr. Zequinha. O seu processo de crescimento e aprendizagem iniciado em movimentos sociais, avança na vivência da Terapia Comunitária. O mesmo tem sua antiga identidade de retirante/favelado reconstruída para um ser político e, posteriormente ressignificada pela terapia como sujeito social, empoderado na eficiente função de curador, como terapeuta comunitário.</p>
A Multifunctional Mutagenesis System for Analysis of Gene Function in Zebrafish
Authors: Quach Helen Ngoc Bao , Tao Shijie , Vrljicak Pavle , Joshi Adita , Ruan Hua , Sukumaran Rashmi , Varshney Gaurav K , LaFave Matthew C ,   The Ds Screen Team, Burgess Shawn M , Winkler Christoph , Emelyanov Alexander , Parinov Sergey , Sampath Karuna 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSince the sequencing of the human reference genome, many human disease-related genes have been discovered. However, understanding the functions of all the genes in the genome remains a challenge. The biological activities of these genes are usually investigated in model organisms such as mice and zebrafish. Large-scale mutagenesis screens to generate disruptive mutations are useful for identifying and understanding the activities of genes. Here, we report a multifunctional mutagenesis system in zebrafish using the maize Ds transposon. Integration of the Ds transposable element containing an mCherry reporter for protein trap events and an EGFP reporter for enhancer trap events produced a collection of transgenic lines marking distinct cell and tissue types, and mutagenized genes in the zebrafish genome by trapping and prematurely terminating endogenous protein coding sequences. We obtained 642 zebrafish lines with dynamic reporter gene expression. The characterized fish lines with specific expression patterns will be made available through the European Zebrafish Resource Center (EZRC), and a database of reporter expression is available online (http://fishtrap.warwick.ac.uk/). Our approach complements other efforts using zebrafish to facilitate functional genomic studies in this model of human development and disease.
Comparative Genetics of Seed Size Traits in Divergent Cereal Lineages Represented by Sorghum (Panicoidae) and Rice (Oryzoidae)
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Jingping , Compton Rosana O , Robertson Jon , Goff Valorie H , Epps Ethan , Kong Wenqian , Kim Changsoo , Paterson Andrew H 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Seed size is closely related to fitness of wild plants, and its modification has been a key recurring element in domestication of seed/grain crops. In sorghum, a genomic and morphological model for panicoid cereals, a rich history of research into the genetics of seed size is reflected by a total of 13 likelihood intervals determined by conventional QTL (linkage) mapping in 11 nonoverlapping regions of the genome. To complement QTL data and investigate whether the discovery of seed size QTL is approaching “saturation,” we compared QTL data to GWAS for seed mass, seed length, and seed width studied in 354 accessions from a sorghum association panel (SAP) that have been genotyped at 265,487 SNPs. We identified nine independent GWAS-based “hotspots” for seed size associations. Targeted resequencing near four association peaks with the most notable linkage disequilibrium provides further support of the role(s) of these regions in the genetic control of sorghum seed size and identifies two candidate causal variants with nonsynonymous mutations. Of nine GWAS hotspots in sorghum, seven have significant correspondence with rice QTL intervals and known genes for components of seed size on orthologous chromosomes. Identifying intersections between positional and association genetic data are a potentially powerful means to mitigate constraints associated with each approach, and nonrandom correspondence of sorghum (panicoid) GWAS signals to rice (oryzoid) QTL adds a new dimension to the ability to leverage genetic data about this important trait across divergent plants.
Una aproximación multivariante al dimorfismo sexual de una población islámica medieval de la Península Ibérica *
Authors: Jiménez-Arenas Juan Manuel 
Published: April 2015

Sexual dimorphism is a key feature that pemit to us to distinguish females from males. From a quantitative point of view two osteological complex are well discriminant of the sex of the human individuals, pelvis and crania (in this order). On the other hand, when a population presents more variability is more difficult to discriminate females from males. In this study, it is shown that the Islamic population from La Torrecilla (Arenas del Rey, Granada, Spain) provides a very significant sexual dimorphism in the cranium. This fact can be interpreted as a result of being an endogamic population with a low impact of external populations. The historical informations point out in this way, specifically in the rural areas. In this ones, endogamy was a recurrent practice to avoid the property breakup, mainly on the land.
Moneda y espacios de poder en el reino visigodo. Los tremises de El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete)
Authors: Domenech Belda Carolina 
Published: April 2015

The archaeological fieldwork carried out in El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete) has made possible to recover the traces of a Visigothic town erected at the end of the 6th century or in the beginning of the 7th century. The numismatic material recovered on levels of use and abandonment in this town is mainly composed by copper coinage from later Roman Empire, and by golden tremisses of low-grade metal coined by the Visigothic kingdom. The stratigraphical contexts of this coins have allowed to raise some questions about the presence and use of the numerary in the Visigothic period.