bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge management, health information technology and nurses’ work engagement
Authors: Hendriks Paul H. J. , Ligthart Paul E. M. , Schouteten Roel L. J. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Knowledge management (KM) extends the health information technology (HIT) literature by addressing its impact on creating knowledge by sharing and using the knowledge of health care professionals in hospitals.

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to provide insight into how HIT affects nurses’ explicit and tacit knowledge of their ongoing work processes and work engagement.

Methodology:
Data were collected from 74 nurses in four wards of a Dutch hospital via a paper-and-pencil survey using validated measurement instruments. In a quasiexperimental research design, HIT was introduced in the two experimental wards in contrast to the two control wards. At the time of the HIT introduction, a pretest was administered in all four wards and was followed by a posttest after 3 months. Data were analyzed via partial least squares modeling.

Results:
Generally, nurses’ tacit knowledge (i.e., their insight into and their capacity to make sense of the work processes) appears to be a significant and strong predictor of their work engagement. In contrast, nurses’ explicit knowledge (i.e., information feedback about patients and tasks) only indirectly affects work engagement via its effect on tacit knowledge. Its effect on work engagement therefore depends on the mediating role of tacit knowledge. Interestingly, introducing HIT significantly affects only nurses’ explicit knowledge, not their tacit knowledge or work engagement.

Practice Implications:
Nurses’ tacit and explicit knowledge needs to be systematically distinguished when implementing HIT/KM programs to increase work engagement in the workplace. Tacit knowledge (insight into work processes) appears to be pivotal, whereas efforts aimed only at improving available information will not lead to a higher level of work engagement in nurses’ work environments.
Distinctive Intestinal Lactobacillus Communities in 6‐Month‐Old Infants From Rural Malawi and Southwestern Finland
Authors: Aakko Juhani , Endo Akihito , Mangani Charles , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per , Isolauri Erika , Salminen Seppo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:Our aim was to compare the composition and diversity of Lactobacillus microbiota in infants living in Malawi and Southwestern Finland.Methods:The composition and diversity of the Lactobacillus group was analyzed in the feces of healthy 6‐month‐old infants living in rural Malawi (n = 44) and Southwestern Finland (n = 31), using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method and PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting.Results:Malawian infants had higher counts of lactobacilli than their Finnish counterparts (7.45 log cells/g vs 6.86 log cells/g, P < 0.001, respectively) and the Lactobacillus community was richer and more diverse in the Malawian infants. Leuconostoc citreum and Weissella confusa were the predominant species in both study groups, but Malawian infants were more often colonized by these species (100% vs 74.2%, P < 0.001; 95.5% vs 41.9%, P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, Lactobacillus ruminis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus mucosae were detected more often in the Malawian infants (59.1% vs 0.0%, P < 0.001; 38.6% vs 9.7%, P = 0.004; 29.5% vs 0.0%, P < 0.001; 22.7% vs 3.2%, P = 0.017, respectively). Lactobacillus casei group species, however, were only detected in the Finnish infants.Conclusions:Malawian infants have a more abundant Lactobacillus microbiota with a distinct composition compared with Finnish infants. The environment, including diet and hygiene, may be among the factors influencing these differences.
DISSECT: A new tool for analyzing extremely large genomic datasets
Authors: Canela-Xandri Oriol , Law Andy , Gray Alan , Woolliams John A. , Tenesa Albert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractComputational tools are quickly becoming the main bottleneck to analyze large-scale genomic and genetic data. This big-data problem, affecting a wide range of fields, is becoming more acute with the fast increase of data available. To address it, we developed DISSECT, a new, easy to use, and freely available software able to exploit the parallel computer architectures of supercomputers to perform a wide range of genomic and epidemiologic analyses which currently can only be carried out on reduced sample sizes or in restricted conditions. We showcased our new tool by addressing the challenge of predicting phenotypes from genotype data in human populations using Mixed Linear Model analysis. We analyzed simulated traits from half a million individuals genotyped for 590,004 SNPs using the combined computational power of 8,400 processor cores. We found that prediction accuracies in excess of 80% of the theoretical maximum could be achieved with large numbers of training individuals.
Involvement of Arabidopsis Hexokinase1 in Cell Death Mediated byMyo-Inositol Accumulation
Authors: Bruggeman Quentin , Prunier Florence , Mazubert Christelle , de Bont Linda , Garmier Marie , Lugan Raphaël , Benhamed Moussa , Bergounioux Catherine , Raynaud Cécile , Delarue Marianne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) is essential for several aspects of plant life, including development and stress responses. We recently identified the mips1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is deficient for the enzyme catalyzing the limiting step of myo-inositol (MI) synthesis. One of the most striking features of mips1 is the light-dependent formation of lesions on leaves due to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent PCD. Here, we identified a suppressor of PCD by screening for mutations that abolish the mips1 cell death phenotype. Our screen identified the hxk1 mutant, mutated in the gene encoding the hexokinase1 (HXK1) enzyme that catalyzes sugar phosphorylation and acts as a genuine glucose sensor. We show that HXK1 is required for lesion formation in mips1 due to alterations in MI content, via SA-dependant signaling. Using two catalytically inactive HXK1 mutants, we also show that hexokinase catalytic activity is necessary for the establishment of lesions in mips1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed a restoration of the MI content in mips1 hxk1 that it is due to the activity of the MIPS2 isoform, while MIPS3 is not involved. Our work defines a pathway of HXK1-mediated cell death in plants and demonstrates that two MIPS enzymes act cooperatively under a particular metabolic status, highlighting a novel checkpoint of MI homeostasis in plants.
The underlying basis for the trade‐off between leaf size and leafing intensity
Authors: Huang Yingxin , Lechowicz Martin J. , Price Charles A. , Li Lei , Wang Ying , Zhou Daowei 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Recent studies have reported a consistent trade‐off between leaf size (mass) and leafing intensity (the number of leaves produced per unit of supporting stem tissue volume); however, a theoretical basis for this trade‐off has not been described.

We explore the mechanistic basis for this trade‐off and assess the relationship in the light of other prominent theories for allometric biomass partitioning. We show algebraically how the allocation of mass to leaves versus stems and the density of stem tissue can potentially influence this trade‐off. To assess these possible effects, we compared the relationship between leaf size and leafing intensity, expressed on both mass and volume basis, at the level of a single branch as well as the entire above‐ground plant in 61 forbs over a 3‐year period.

Our results support the idea that the trade‐off between leaf size and volume‐based leafing intensity depends on both biomass investment (leaves vs. stems) and stem bulk density (mass vs. volume), whereas the trade‐off between leaf size and mass‐based leafing intensity only depends on the biomass investment. Similar exponents in the scaling of leaf mass vs. stem mass and stem mass vs. stem volume at branch and whole plant levels lead to similar trade‐offs. An isometric trade‐off between leaf size and volume‐based leafing intensity is consistent with a constant biomass partitioning between leaves and stems as well as constant stem tissue density. Conversely, an allometric trade‐off between leaf size and volume‐based leafing intensity arises when biomass allocation is allometric and stem bulk density varies with plant size.
Letter from Ankara
Authors: Ugur Cinar Meral 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on the relationship between discourses of economic development and prospects for democracy in Turkey. It does so by tracing the political discourse of high‐ranking government officials and journalists close to them to show how they use arguments for economic development as a tool to politically legitimise interventions into liberal democracy. I first illustrate the dangers caused by the discourse surrounding economic development to democracy by looking at the Gezi protests. I show how demands for pluralism and respect for different lifestyles—which are crucial aspects of liberal democracy—were instead framed by the government as chaos created by agents of the so‐called ‘interest rate lobby’ and provocations caused by those who want to stop Turkey's economic development. I analyse Gezi in comparative perspective with presidentialism debates and the corruption scandal of December 2013. In these cases too, demands for democracy, transparency, checks and balances are pitted against economic development. Citizens are made to choose between a vaguely defined notion of economic development and democratisation.
Vitamin D toxicity resulting from overzealous correction of vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Kaur Parjeet , Mishra Sunil Kumar , Mithal Ambrish 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundVitamin D toxicity, often considered rare, can be life‐threatening and associated with substantial morbidity, if not identified promptly.ObjectiveTo describe clinical and biochemical features, risk factors and management of patients with vitamin D toxicity seen between January 2011 and January 2013.MethodologyPatients presenting with vitamin D toxicity, between January 2011 and January 2013, at single tertiary care centre in Delhi‐NCR, India, were included. Evaluation included detailed clinical history and biochemical tests including serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, intact parathyroid hormone and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).ResultsSixteen patients with vitamin D toxicity could be identified. Clinical manifestations included nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium, constipation, pancreatitis, acute kidney injury and weight loss. Median (range) age was 64·5 (42–86) years. Median (range) serum 25(OH)D level and median (range) serum total serum calcium level were 371 (175–1161) ng/ml and 13·0 (11·1–15·7) mg/dl, respectively. Overdose of vitamin D caused by prescription of mega‐doses of vitamin D was the cause of vitamin D toxicity in all cases. Median (range) cumulative vitamin D dose was 3 600 000 (2 220 000–6 360 000) IU.ConclusionOur data demonstrate an emergence of vitamin D toxicity as an increasingly common cause of symptomatic hypercalcaemia. Irrational use of vitamin D in mega‐doses resulted in vitamin D toxicity in all cases. Awareness among healthcare providers regarding the toxic potential of high doses of vitamin D and cautious use of vitamin D supplements is the key to prevent this condition.
Plasticity in striatopallidal projection neurons mediates the acquisition of habitual actions
Authors: Shan Qiang , Christie MacDonald J. , Balleine Bernard W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn instrumental conditioning, newly acquired actions are generally goal‐directed and are mediated by the relationship between the action and its consequences or outcome. With continued training, however, the performance of such actions can become automatic, reflexive or habitual and under the control of antecedent stimuli rather than their consequences. Recent evidence suggests that habit learning is mediated by plasticity in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). To date, however, no direct evidence of learning‐related plasticity associated with overtraining has been reported in this region, nor is it known whether, or which, specific cell types are involved in this learning process. The striatum is primarily composed of two classes of spiny projection neurons, the striatonigral and striatopallidal spiny projection neurons, which express dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, and control direct and indirect pathways, respectively. Here we found evidence of a post‐synaptic depression in DLS striatopallidal projecting neurons in the indirect pathway during habit learning in mice. Moreover, this training‐induced depression occluded post‐synaptic depression induced by co‐activation of D2 receptors and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels, implying that this pathway is involved in habit learning. This hypothesis was further tested by disrupting this signal pathway by knocking out TRPV1 channels, resulting in compromised habit learning. Our findings suggest that post‐synaptic plasticity at D2 neurons in the DLS mediates habit learning and, by implicating an interaction between the D2 receptor and TRPV1 channel activity, provide a potential drug target for influencing habitual action control.
The pumpkin fly Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): a new pest of curcubits in Tunisia
Authors: Hafsi A. , Abbes K. , Harbi A. , Ben Othmen S. , Limem E. , Elimem M. , Ksantini M. , Chermiti B. 
Published: June 2015

The pumpkin fly Dacus frontalis is reported in this paper for the first time in Tunisia, where it was found in several locations. It is a pest of cucurbits of economic importance and is common especially in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. D. frontalis was collected from infested cucumber fruits in the region of El‐Jebil (Kairouan) and female bait traps for the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata and the olive fly Bactrocera oleae. Preliminary data from Tunisia suggest that D. frontalis is already established in four regions in which cucurbits are important crops. Brief notes on the diagnostic features for the species, its ecology and geographic distribution are given. Symptoms on cucumber from Tunisia are presented.
Spread of the spotted wing drosophila – Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophlidae) and new distribution records in Dalmatia region of Croatia
Authors: Bjeliš M. , Buljubašić I. , Popović L. , Masten Milek T. 
Published: June 2015

A specific survey for the detection of Drosophila suzukii Matsmura 1931 (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in Dalmatia region of the Republic of Croatia during 2013, confirmed that the pest is present and widespread. Adults were detected in traps suspended in Prunus cerasus L. (sour cherry), Prunus persica L. (peach), Ficus carica L. (fig) and Morus alba L. (mulberry) orchards and individual trees, during the fruit maturation period, in 16 (of the 51 locations) where traps were placed in Dubrovačko–neretvanska, Splitsko–dalmatinska, Šibensko–kninska and Zadarska counties. This confirmed the rapid spread of D. suzukii in Croatia and this pest is a great concern for areas that are not yet infested that have favourable conditions for the pests’ development. The results of the survey highlight the importance of the development and implementation of long‐term sustainable control.
Establishment of the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Italy
Authors: Suma P. , Mazzeo G. , La Pergola A. , Nucifora S. , Russo A. 
Published: June 2015

The establishment of the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Italy is reported in this paper. The different instars of the mealybug found during winter in Sicily on the aerial roots of adult date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.), suggests that D. brevipes has a strong capability to survive and continue its development even under cold temperatures. The establishment of this mealybug in Sicily could represent a serious threat for vineyards, considering the damage observed in South America to the ‘Italia’ grape variety, one of the most widely cultivated table grapes in the island. The application of control strategies should probably be considered.
The effects of spatial structure, frequency dependence and resistance evolution on the dynamics of toxin‐mediated microbial invasions
Authors: Libberton Ben , Horsburgh Malcolm J. , Brockhurst Michael A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that interference competition between bacteria shapes the distribution of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in the lower nasal airway of humans, either by preventing colonization or by driving displacement. This competition within the nasal microbial community would add to known host factors that affect colonization. We tested the role of toxin‐mediated interference competition in both structured and unstructured environments, by culturing S. aureus with toxin‐producing or nonproducing Staphylococcus epidermidis nasal isolates. Toxin‐producing S. epidermidis invaded S. aureus populations more successfully than nonproducers, and invasion was promoted by spatial structure. Complete displacement of S. aureus was prevented by the evolution of toxin resistance. Conversely, toxin‐producing S. epidermidis restricted S. aureus invasion. Invasion of toxin‐producing S. epidermidis populations by S. aureus resulted from the evolution of toxin resistance, which was favoured by high initial frequency and low spatial structure. Enhanced toxin production also evolved in some invading populations of S. epidermidis. Toxin production therefore promoted invasion by, and constrained invasion into, populations of producers. Spatial structure enhanced both of these invasion effects. Our findings suggest that manipulation of the nasal microbial community could be used to limit colonization by S. aureus, which might limit transmission and infection rates.
Rapidly shifting maturation schedules following reduced commercial harvest in a freshwater fish
Authors: Feiner Zachary S. , Chong Stephen C. , Knight Carey T. , Lauer Thomas E. , Thomas Michael V. , Tyson Jeffrey T. , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSize‐selective harvest of fish stocks can lead to maturation at smaller sizes and younger ages, which may depress stock productivity and recovery. Such changes in maturation may be very slow to reverse, even following complete fisheries closures. We evaluated temporal trends in maturation of five Great Lakes stocks of yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) using indices that attempt to disentangle plastic and evolutionary changes in maturation: age at 50% maturity and probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs). Four populations were fished commercially throughout the time series, while the Lake Michigan fishery was closed following a stock collapse. We documented rapid increases in PMRNs of the Lake Michigan stock coincident with the commercial fishery closure. Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron PMRNs also increased following reduced harvest, while Lake Erie populations were continuously fished and showed little change. The rapid response of maturation may have been enhanced by the short generation time of yellow perch and potential gene flow between northern and southern Lake Michigan, in addition to potential reverse adaptation following the fishing moratorium. These results suggest that some fish stocks may retain the ability to recover from fisheries‐induced life history shifts following fishing moratoria.
Latent profile analysis of neuropsychological measures to determine preschoolers' risk for ADHD
Authors: Rajendran Khushmand , O'Neill Sarah , Marks David J. , Halperin Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundHyperactive/Inattentive preschool children show clear evidence of neuropsychological dysfunction. We examined whether patterns and severity of test scores could reliably identify subgroups of preschoolers with differential risk for ADHD during school‐age.MethodTypically developing (TD: n = 76) and Hyperactive/Inattentive (HI: n = 138) 3–4 year olds were assessed annually for 6 years (T1–T6). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to form subgroups among the HI group based on objective/neuropsychological measures (NEPSY, Actigraph and Continuous Performance Test). Logistic regression assessed the predictive validity of empirically formed subgroups at risk for ADHD diagnosis relative to the TD group and to each other from T2 to T6.ResultsLatent profile analysis yielded two subgroups of HI preschoolers: (a) selectively weak Attention/Executive functions, and (b) pervasive neuropsychological dysfunction across all measures. Both subgroups were more likely to have ADHD at all follow‐up time‐points relative to the TD group (OR range: 11.29–86.32), but there were no significant differences between the LPA‐formed subgroups of HI children at any time‐point.ConclusionsObjective/neuropsychological measures distinguish HI preschoolers from their TD peers, but patterns and severity of neuropsychological dysfunction do not predict risk for ADHD during school‐age. We hypothesize that trajectories in at‐risk children are influenced by subsequent environmental and neurodevelopmental factors, raising the possibility that they are amenable to early intervention.
Effect of dietary supplementation of rutin on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation and metabolism in dairy cows
Authors: Cui K. , Guo X. D. , Tu Y. , Zhang N. F. , Ma T. , Diao Q. Y. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe effect of long‐term dietary supplementation with rutin on the lactation performance, ruminal fermentation and metabolism of dairy cows were investigated in this study. Twenty multiparous Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups, and each was offered a basal diet supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3.0 or 4.5 mg rutin/kg of diet. The milk yield of the cows receiving 3.0 and 4.5 mg rutin/kg was higher than that of the control group, and the milk yield was increased by 10.06% and 3.37% (p < 0.05). On the basis of that finding, the cows supplemented with 0 or 3.0 mg rutin/kg of diet were used to investigate the effect of rutin supplementation on blood metabolites and hormone levels. Compared with the control group, the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration of the 3.0 mg rutin/kg group is significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In another trial, four adult cows with permanent rumen fistula and duodenal cannulae were attributed in a self‐control design to investigate the peak occurrence of rutin and quercetin in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, ruminal fermentation and microbial population in dairy cows. The cows supplemented with 3.0 mg rutin/kg in the diet differed from the control period. Samples of rumen fluid, duodenal fluid and blood were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h after morning feeding. Compared to the control group, the pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, number and protein content of rumen protozoa and blood urea nitrogen were lower, but the concentration of total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and serum lysozyme content were higher for the cows fed the rutin diets. The addition of 3.0 mg rutin/kg to diets for a long term tended to increase the milk yield and improve the metabolism and digestibility of the dairy cows.