bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher even dimensional Reidemeister torsion for torus knot exteriors
Authors: YAMAGUCHI YOSHIKAZU 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe study the asymptotics of the higher dimensional Reidemeister torsion for torus knot exteriors, which is related to the results by W. Müller and P. Menal–Ferrer and J. Porti on the asymptotics of the Reidemeister torsion and the hyperbolic volumes for hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We show that the sequence of 1/(2N)2) log | Tor(EK; ρ2N)| converges to zero when N goes to infinity where TorEK; ρ2N is the higher dimensional Reidemeister torsion of a torus knot exterior and an acyclic SL2N(ℂ)-representation of the torus knot group. We also give a classification for SL2(ℂ)-representations of torus knot groups, which induce acyclic SL2N(ℂ)-representations.
The Herbrand topos
Authors: VAN DEN BERG BENNO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe define a new topos, the Herbrand topos, inspired by the modified realizability topos and our earlier work on Herbrand realizability. We also introduce the category of Herbrand assemblies and characterise these as the ¬¬-separated objects in the Herbrand topos. In addition, we show that the category of sets is included as the category of ¬¬-sheaves and prove that the inclusion functor preserves and reflects validity of first-order formulas.
Governance in integrated coastal zone management: a social networks analysis of cross-scale collaboration
Authors: ERNOUL LISA , WARDELL-JOHNSON ANGELA 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe Integrated Coastal Zone Management protocol of the Barcelona Convention sets governance objectives for countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This protocol emphasizes collaborative approaches to acknowledge the role of local people in coastal management. Evaluating the quality of governance processes is critical if coastal zone values are to be effectively managed in times of global climate change. This study examined the structure and attributes of collaborative governance networks in two Mediterranean deltas, the Camargue (France) and Gediz Delta (Turkey). A deliberative social catchment sampling was used to target actors with physical, cultural, social or economic ties. Forty-five different organizations/professions were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to identify the frequency and quality of contacts, information flows, and subject matter relevant to natural resource management. There were higher levels of degree centrality and reciprocal ties in the Camargue, while the Gediz Delta had a greater homogeneity of actors, with one centralized influential actor. Civil society played a greater role in the Camargue network, and government organizations were more central in the Gediz Delta. The differences between the two sites call into question the use of the same integrated management strategies and suggest the need to acknowledge the importance of existing governance models and relationships within local contexts.
Microtubule assembly andin vitrodevelopment of bovine oocytes with increased intracellular glutathione level prior to vitrification andin vitrofertilization
Authors: Hara H. , Yamane I. , Noto I. , Kagawa N. , Kuwayama M. , Hirabayashi M. , Hochi S. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAlthough vitrification is a useful technique for preservation of bovine oocytes, the yield of blastocysts derived from the vitrified oocytes is still low. We have recently reported a new type of cryoinjury, multiple aster formation, by which pronuclear migration and development of vitrified–warmed andin vitro-fertilized bovine oocytes are impaired. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glutathione (GSH) content of vitrified bovine oocytes on multiple aster formation and subsequentin vitrodevelopment. Treatment of bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes with β-mercaptoethanol (βME) andl-cysteine (Cys) duringin vitromaturation resulted in 2.5-fold higher GSH content not only in fresh control but also in vitrified–warmed oocytes. The percentage of normally fertilized zygotes exhibiting sperm aster(s) was >95% in all four groups (with or without βME/Cys × fresh control or vitrified). The frequency of multiple aster formation in vitrified oocytes (three-fold higher than that in fresh control oocytes) was not affected by the increased level of intracellular GSH with βME/Cys. Consequently, the migration and development of pronuclei as well as the yield of blastocysts from vitrified–warmed oocytes (17 versus 41%) were not improved. In addition, there was no effect of increased GSH level on the yield of blastocysts in fresh control groups.
The development and expression of pluripotency genes in embryos derived from nuclear transfer and in vitro fertilization
Authors: Ma Li-Bing , He Xiao-Ying , Wang Feng-Mei , Cao Jun-Wei , Cheng Teng 
Published: June 2013

SummarySomatic cell nuclear transfer can be used to produce embryonic stem (ES) cells, cloned animals, and can even increase the population size of endangered animals. However, the application of this technique is limited by the low developmental rate of cloned embryos, a situation that may result from abnormal expression of some zygotic genes. In this study, sheep–sheep intra-species cloned embryos, goat–sheep inter-species cloned embryos, or sheep in vitro fertilized embryos were constructed and cultured in vitro and the developmental ability and expression of three pluripotency genes, SSEA-1, Nanog and Oct4, were examined. The results showed firstly that the developmental ability of in vitro fertilized embryos was significantly higher than that of cloned embryos. In addition, the percentage of intra-species cloned embryos that developed to morula or blastocyst stages was also significantly higher than that of the inter-species cloned embryos. Secondly, all three types of embryos expressed SSEA-1 at the 8-cell and morula stages. At the 8-cell stage, a higher percentage of in vitro fertilized embryos expressed SSEA-1 than occurred for cloned embryos. However, at the morula stage, all detected embryos could express SSEA-1. Thirdly, the three types of embryos expressed Oct4 mRNA at the morula and blastocyst stages, and embryos at the blastocyst stage expressed Nanog mRNA. The rate of expression of Oct4 and Nanog mRNA at these developmental stages was higher in in vitro fertilized embryos than in cloned embryos. These results indicated that, during early development, the failure to reactivate some pluripotency genes maybe is a reason for the low cloning efficiency found with cloned embryos.
Competency in Chaos: Lifesaving Performance of Care Providers Utilizing a Competency-Based, Multi-Actor Emergency Preparedness Training Curriculum
Authors: Scott Lancer A. , Swartzentruber Derrick A. , Davis Christopher Ashby , Maddux P. Tim , Schnellman Jennifer , Wahlquist Amy E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveProviding comprehensive emergency preparedness training (EPT) to care providers is important to the future success of disaster operations in the US. Few EPT programs possess both competency-driven goals and metrics to measure performance during a multi-patient simulated disaster.MethodsA 1-day (8-hour) EPT course for care providers was developed to enhance provider knowledge, skill, and comfort necessary to save lives during a simulated disaster. Nine learning objectives, 18 competencies, and 34 performance objectives were developed. During the 2-year demonstration of the curriculum, 24 fourth-year medical students and 17 Veterans Hospital Administration (VHA) providers were recruited and volunteered to take the course (two did not fully complete the research materials). An online pre-test, two post-tests, course assessment, didactic and small group content, and a 6-minute clinical casualty scenario were developed. During the scenario, trainees working in teams were confronted with three human simulators and 10 actor patients simultaneously. Unless appropriate performance objectives were met, the simulators “died” and the team was exposed to “anthrax.” After the scenario, team members participated in a facilitator-led debriefing using digital video and then repeated the scenario.ResultsTrainees (N = 39) included 24 (62%) medical students; seven (18%) physicians; seven (18%) nurses; and one (3%) emergency manager. Forty-seven percent of the VHA providers reported greater than 16 annual hours of disaster training, while 15 (63%) of the medical students reported no annual disaster training. The mean (SD) score for the pre-test was 12.3 (3.8), or 51% correct, and after the training, the mean (SD) score was 18.5 (2.2), or 77% (P< .01). The overall rating for the course was 96 out of 100. Trainee self-assessment of “Overall Skill” increased from 63.3 out of 100 to 83.4 out of 100 and “Overall Knowledge” increased from 49.3 out of 100 to 78.7 out of 100 (P< .01). Of the 34 performance objectives during the disaster scenario, 23 were completed by at least half of the teams during their first attempt. All teams except one (8 of 9) could resuscitate two simulators and all teams (9 of 9) helped prevent anthrax exposure during their second scenario attempt.ConclusionsThe 1-day EPT course for novice and experienced care providers recreated a multi-actor clinical disaster and enhanced provider knowledge, comfort level, and EPT skill. A larger-scale study, or multi-center trial, is needed to further study the impact of this curriculum and its potential to protect provider and patient lives.ScottLA,SwartzentruberD,DavisCA,MadduxPT,SchnellmanJ,WahlquistAE.Competency in chaos: lifesaving performance of care providers utilizing a competency-based, multi-actor emergency preparedness training curriculum.Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(4):1-12.
The Ideality of Space and Time: Trendelenburg versus Kant, Fischer and Bird
Authors: Kanterian Edward 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTrendelenburg argued that Kant's arguments in support of transcendental idealism ignored the possibility that space and time are both ideal and real. Recently, Graham Bird has claimed that Trendelenburg (unlike his contemporary Kuno Fischer) misrepresented Kant, confusing two senses of ‘subjective/objective’. I defend Trendelenburg's ‘neglected alternative’: the ideas of space and time, asa prioriand necessary, areideal, but this does not exclude theirvalidityin the noumenal realm. This undermines transcendental idealism. Bird's attempt to show that the Analytic considers, but rejects, the alternative fails: an epistemological reading makes Kant accept the alternative, while an ontological reading makes him incoherent. As I demonstrate, Trendelenburg acknowledged the ambiguity of ‘subjective/objective’, focusing on the transcendental, not the empirical sense. Unlike Fischer, Bird denies Kant's commitment to things-in-themselves in favour of a descriptivist, non-ontological reading of transcendental idealism as an inventory of ‘immanent experience’. But neither Bird's descriptivism, nor Fischer's commitment to things-in-themselves, answers Trendelenburg's sceptical worry about transcendental idealism.
Kant on Autonomy and the Value of Persons
Authors: Wilson Eric Entrican 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis essay seeks to contribute to current debates about value in Kant's ethics. Its main objective is to dislodge the widely shared intuition that his view of autonomy requires constructivism or some other alternative to moral realism. I argue the following. Kant seems to think that the value of persons is due to their very nature, not to what anyone decides is the case (however rational or pure those decisions may be). He also seems to think that when we treat persons as ends in themselves we are responding appropriately to the fact that their very nature elevates them above all other concerns. Neither of these beliefs is incompatible with his view of autonomy. So it is a mistake to think that Kant's ethics requires constructivism or any other form of anti-realism.
Shame and Contempt in Kant's Moral Theory
Authors: Thomason Krista K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAttitudes like shame and contempt seem to be at odds with basic tenets of Kantian moral theory. I argue on the contrary that both attitudes play a central role in Kantian morality. Shame and contempt are attitudes that protect our love of honour, or the esteem we have for ourselves as moral persons. The question arises: how are these attitudes compatible with Kant's claim that all persons deserve respect? I argue that the proper object of shame and contempt is not the humanity within a person, but rather her self-conceit, or the false esteem that competes with love of honour.
Humanity as an Idea, as an Ideal, and as an End in Itself
Authors: Dean Richard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKant emphasizes that moral philosophy must be divided into two parts, a ‘purely rational’ metaphysics of morals, and an empirical application to individuals, which Kant calls ‘moral anthropology’. But Kant gives humanity (die Menschheit) a prominent role even in the purely rational part of ethics – for example, one formulation of the categorical imperative is a demand to treat humanity as an end in itself. This paper argues that the only concepts of humanity suited to play such a role are the rational idea of humanity, and the rational ideal derived from this idea, which Kant discusses inCritique of Practical Reasonand other texts.
Low SAR planar monopole antenna for wireless communication applications
Authors: Elsheakh Dalia M. , Abdallah Esmat A. 
Published: June 2013

Simple internal multiband monopole antenna with low specific absorption rate (SAR) for most wireless communication applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is an unequal arms monopole antenna with a meander stripoin the other substrate side. The antenna has a simple structure and it is sufficiently small in size to be easily fitted on the housing of a mobile phone or a universal serial bus (USB) dongle with size 20 × 50 × 0.8 mm3. The antenna is designed to operate in different bands to cover most of allocated wireless communication bands in the frequency range from 0.9 to 6 GHz. The proposed antenna has an acceptable average gain of about 2.75 dBi and an average efficiency of about 85% while providing a monopole radiation pattern in both horizontal and elevation planes, with average half-power beam width of 65° in the elevation plane. The simulation and the experimental results of the antenna are in agreement. The SAR in the human head is investigated by using CST 2012 Microwave Studio Hugo Voxel Model.
Low-Dose Alcohol Effects on Attention in Adolescents
Authors: Scheel Jennifer F. , Schielke Karin , Lautenbacher Stefan , Aust Sabine , Kremer Simone , Wolstein Jörg 
Published: June 2013

Objective: Relatively little is known about the effects of low-dose alcohol effects on attentional performance in adolescents. In the present study, we examined these effects compared to those in adults. Method: 44 healthy subjects (21 adolescents and 23 adults) received either an alcoholic cocktail (average blood alcohol concentration: 0.054 %) or a placebo drink (randomized placebo-controlled). Before and after consuming the drink, participants completed tests on Alertness, Working Memory, Flexibility and Divided Attention. Results: Significant effects were found for the subtest Flexibility, which showed less improvement in the adolescents with alcohol compared to the non-alcohol condition and adults. Furthermore, an age-independent alcohol-induced impairment of the subtest Working Memory was observed. Conclusions: These findings point to a particular vulnerability for alcohol effects in adolescents regarding cognitive flexibility.
Regulatory interplay of Cockayne syndrome B ATPase and stress-response gene
ATF3
following genotoxic stress
Authors: Kristensen Ulrik , Epanchintsev Alexey , Rauschendorf Marc-Alexander , Laugel Vincent , Stevnsner Tinna , Bohr Vilhelm A. , Coin Frédéric , Egly Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Genotoxic attack results in temporary arrest of RNA synthesis. Mutations in the DNA repair factor Cockayne syndrome B gene product (CSB) that are responsible for the Cockayne syndrome phenotype lead to clinical features such as developmental and neurodegenerative defects and photosensitivity. In UV-irradiated CSB-deficient CS1AN cells, certain genes remain permanently repressed by the activating transcription factor 3, the product of a stress-response gene, which cannot be removed from promoter by the transcription machinery. We suggest that transcriptional defects observed in UV-irradiated CSB-deficient cells result from the permanent transcriptional repression of certain genes as well as from defects in DNA repair.
The fluency of spoilers
Authors: D. Leavitt Jonathan , Christenfeld Nicholas J.S. 
Published: June 2013

Spoilers, despite their name, seem to increase enjoyment of stories. This could be because readers enjoy reading expected endings, because knowing the ending allows them to appreciate aesthetic elements instead of guessing what will happen, or because knowing the ending increases fluency by enabling readers to correctly interpret clues and events. We conducted three experiments to test these hypotheses. Experiment 1 collected ratings at the midpoints of anthologized stories, and determined that readers experience greater pleasure even before reading the end of spoiled stories. This spoiler benefit was mediated by processing fluency, and not by appreciation of aesthetic elements. Experiment 2 found that spoilers similar to those in Experiment 1 do not increase ease of reading — or pleasure — for very-easy-to-read stories. Experiment 3 found, however, that very simple spoilers could increase the pleasure of easy-to-read stories.
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors using the ENCODE ChIP-Seq significance tool
Authors: Auerbach Raymond K. , Chen Bin , Butte Atul J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMotivation: Biological analysis has shifted from identifying genes and transcripts to mapping these genes and transcripts to biological functions. The ENCODE Project has generated hundreds of ChIP-Seq experiments spanning multiple transcription factors and cell lines for public use, but tools for a biomedical scientist to analyze these data are either non-existent or tailored to narrow biological questions. We present the ENCODE ChIP-Seq Significance Tool, a flexible web application leveraging public ENCODE data to identify enriched transcription factors in a gene or transcript list for comparative analyses.Implementation: The ENCODE ChIP-Seq Significance Tool is written in JavaScript on the client side and has been tested on Google Chrome, Apple Safari and Mozilla Firefox browsers. Server-side scripts are written in PHP and leverage R and a MySQL database. The tool is available at http://encodeqt.stanford.edu.Contact: abutte@stanford.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
Testing the rotating hotspot model using X-ray burst oscillations from 4U 1636−536
Authors: Artigue Romain , Barret Didier , Lamb Frederick K. , Lo Ka Ho , Miller M. Coleman 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Precise and accurate measurements of neutron star masses and radii would provide valuable information about the still uncertain properties of cold matter at supranuclear densities. One promising approach to making such measurements involves an analysis of the X-ray flux oscillations often seen during thermonuclear (type 1) X-ray bursts. These oscillations are almost certainly produced by emission from hotter regions on the stellar surface modulated by the rotation of the star. One consequence of the rotation is that the oscillation should appear earlier at higher photon energies than at lower energies. Ford found compelling evidence for such a hard lead in the tail oscillations of one type 1 burst from Aql X-1. Subsequently, Muno, Özel & Chakrabarty analysed oscillations in the tails of type 1 bursts observed using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. They found significant evidence for variation of the oscillation phase with energy in 13 of the 51 oscillation trains they analysed and an apparent linear trend of the phase with energy in six of nine average oscillation profiles produced by folding the energy-resolved oscillation waveforms from five stars and then averaging them in groups. In four of these nine averaged energy-resolved profiles, the oscillation appeared to arrive earlier at lower energies than at higher energies. Such a trend is inconsistent with a simple rotating hotspot model of the burst oscillations and, if confirmed, would mean that this model cannot be used to constrain the masses and radii of these stars and would raise questions about its applicability to other stars. We have therefore re-analysed individually the oscillations observed in the tails of the four type 1 bursts from 4U 1636−536 that, when averaged, provided the strongest evidence for a soft lead in the analysis by Muno et al. We have also analysed the oscillation observed during the superburst from this star. We find that the data from these five bursts, treated both individually and jointly, are fully consistent with a rotating hotspot model. Unfortunately, the uncertainties in these data are too large to provide interesting constraints on the mass and radius of this star.
Evolutionary constraints on the planetary hypothesis for transition discs
Authors: Clarke C. J. , Owen J. E. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We assume a scenario in which transition discs (i.e. discs around young stars that have signatures of cool dust but lack significant near-infrared emission from warm dust) are associated with the presence of planets (or brown dwarfs). These are assumed to filter the dust content of any gas flow within the planetary orbit and produce an inner ‘opacity hole’. In order to match the properties of transition discs with the largest (∼50 au scale) holes, we place such ‘planets’ at large radii in massive discs and then follow the evolution of the tidally coupled disc–planet system, comparing the system's evolution in the plane of mm flux against hole radius with the properties of observed transition discs. We find that, on account of the high disc masses in these systems, all but the most massive ‘planets’ (100 Jupiter masses) are conveyed to small radii by Type II migration without significant fading at millimetre wavelengths. Such behaviour would contradict the observed lack of mm bright transition discs with small (&lt;10 au) holes. On the other hand, imaging surveys clearly rule out the presence of such massive companions in transition discs. We conclude that this is a serious problem for models that seek to explain transition discs in terms of planetary companions unless some mechanism can be found to halt inward migration and/or suppress mm flux production. We suggest that the dynamical effects of substantial accretion on to the planet/through the gap may offer the best prospect for halting such migration and that further long-term simulations are required to clarify this issue.