bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search and rescue helicopter-assisted transfer of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients from an island in the Baltic Sea: results from over 100 rescue missions
Authors: Schoos Mikkel Malby , Kelbæk Henning , Pedersen Frants , Kjærgaard Benedict , Trautner Sven , Holmvang Lene , Jørgensen Erik , Helqvist Steffen , Saunamäki Kari , Engstrøm Thomas , Clemmensen Peter 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundSince 2005, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients from the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea have been transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) by an airborne service. We describe the result of pPCI as part of the Danish national reperfusion strategy offered to a remote island population.MethodsIn this observational study, patients from Bornholm (n=101) were compared with patients from the mainland (Zealand) (n=2495), who were grouped according to time intervals (<120, 121–180, >180 min). The primary endpoint was all-cause 30-day mortality. Individual-level data from the Central Population Registry provided outcome that was linked to our inhospital PCI database.ResultsTreatment delay was longer in patients from Bornholm (349 min (IQR 267–446)) vs Zealand (211 (IQR 150–315)) (p<0.001). In patients from Zealand, 30-day mortality did not increase with time intervals (p=0.176), whereas, long-term mortality did (∼3 years) (p=0.007). Thirty-day mortality was similar for Bornholm and the overall Zealand group (5.9% vs 6.2% p=0.955). Early presenters (<180 min) from Zealand (37%) had similar 30-day (5.3% vs 5.9% p=0.789), but numerically reduced long-term mortality compared with Bornholm (12.8% vs 15.8% p=0.387). Age, female gender, diabetes, Killipclass >2 and preprocedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow 0/1 independently predicted 30-day mortality, however, treatment delay did not. Postprocedural TIMI flow 3 predicted improved survival.ConclusionsIn this small population of STEMI patients from a remote island, airborne transfer appears feasible and safe, and their 30-day mortality after pPCI comparable with that of the mainland population despite inherent reperfusion delay exceeding guidelines.
Regional analgesia in the emergency department for hip fractures: survey of current UK practice and its impact on services in a teaching hospital
Authors: Rashid Anwar , Beswick Eleanor , Galitzine Svetlana , Fitton Laurence 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionWhile the benefits of regional analgesia (RA) for preoperative pain relief in hip fracture (HF) in elderly patients are well recognised, this service is yet to be established in many UK emergency departments (EDs). We set out to discover how widely RA is adopted in the UK EDs.MethodsIn April–July 2010, we conducted a postal survey of 218 UK EDs, followed up with fax reminders for non-respondents.ResultsA total of 147/218 (67%) EDs completed the survey. Sixty five (44%) respondents reported use of RA blocks for HF. The commonest stated reasons for not using RA were lack of trained staff (36%) or appropriate equipment (22%). RA users practiced femoral nerve block most widely (60% of EDs) followed by fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) (22%).DiscussionIt is more a lack of trained staff and suitable equipment that prevents RA blocks being widely adopted in the UK. We advocate FICB in HF patients, which is an easy landmark-based block that can be safely performed by ED doctors. Our survey initiated multidisciplinary consultation and development of a protocol for preoperative FICB in HFs in our teaching hospital ED.ConclusionsRA for HFs is not widely used in UK EDs, proving that there is room for improvement .The finding that RA blocks are performed by the ED medical staff in 84% of the responding EDs practising RA was reassuring for developing the service in our hospital. FICB should be considered as an alternative to parenteral analgesia in adult patients with HF.
Comparison of the mechanical hypoalgesic effects of five α2‐adrenoceptor agonists in donkeys
Authors: Lizarraga I. , Janovyak E. 
Published: July 2013

Pharmacological pain management is necessary under many clinical situations, but in donkeys little information on analgesic drugs is available. This controlled, randomised, crossover, Latin‐square, operator‐blinded study aimed to assess and compare the hypoalgesic effects of intravenously administered saline and five α2‐adrenoceptor agonists on mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) in donkeys. Areas under the threshold change versus time curve values for 0–30, 30–60, 60–90 and 90–120 minutes postdrug administration were used to compare the effect of treatment. As compared with saline, which did not increase MNT, the overall degree of mechanical hypoalgesia induced by xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), detomidine (20 μg/kg), medetomidine (5 μg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (3.5 μg/kg) was limited to 0–60 minutes, and that of romifidine (100 μg/kg) to 0–120 minutes. Although there were no significant differences between the five α2‐adrenoceptor agonists during the first 30 minutes postadministration, hypoalgesia induced by xylazine and dexmedetomidine was significantly less intense than that achieved by detomidine and/or romifidine from 30 to 60 minutes. Differences in the overall degree of hypoalgesia induced by each of the α2‐adrenoceptor agonists may influence veterinary surgeons towards choosing a particular drug over others for a particular donkey patient.
The design and implementation of a high-assurance forensic geology and police search following the discovery of the Staffordshire (Anglo Saxon) Gold Hoard
Authors: Donnelly Laurance 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In 2009 a hoard of gold and silver objects was found in a ploughed field in Staffordshire, by a member of the public using a metal detector. The site was subjected to a detailed archaeological excavation and approximately 3940 items in total were found. Archaeologists interpreted the find as belonging to the Anglo Saxon age (seventh century AD) and probably comprising the military hilts and fixings from swords, helmets, shield, clothing and possibly books, chests and what is now thought to be a cross from the cover of a bible. Archaeologists considered that all hoard-related material that was recoverable at that time had been retrieved from the excavation. To confirm this, a forensic geology and police search was commissioned. This search provided a high level of assurance and was able to confirm that the original archaeological dig was likely to have found all/most of the buried gold that was reasonably and practicably recoverable at that time and buried in the top soil to a depth of 280 mm. In 2012, further items of interest were found in this field. These may have been buried at deeper levels or beyond the original excavation and were possibly brought to the surface by ploughing.
Provenance study on Eocene–Miocene sandstones of the Rakhine Coastal Belt, Indo-Burman Ranges of Myanmar: geodynamic implications
Authors: Naing T. T. , Bussien D. A. , Winkler W. H. , Nold M. , Von Quadt A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The Indo-Burman Ranges (IBR) represent an accretionary wedge, which is the result of subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Asian plate. In the Rakhine Coastal Belt it comprises a thick stack of Cretaceous to Neogene turbiditic sediments and localized thrust sheets of oceanic plate mafics and pelagic sediments. We investigate Eocene–Miocene sandstones, aiming to reveal the provenance of the detrital material using modal framework grain, heavy mineral and detrital zircon analysis (U–Pb laser ablation ICP-MS dating, Hf isotope geochemistry and typology). The results show a predominant derivation of the clastic material from: (i) Late Cretaceous to Oligocene igneous rocks, which are often bimodal with a low number of zircons spanning the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, and (ii) recycled orogenic terrane sources comprising ophiolitic rocks. Age corrected Hf isotope ratios confirm subduction-related mixed mantle-crust sources. We also observe minor reworking of older magmatic zircons. By comparing our obtained petrographic parameters and zircon characteristics with potential Himalayan, Indian continent and Burman margin sources we conclude a Burman margin and arc origin provenance. With regard to hydrocarbon exploration in the IBR, a forearc and trench basin system model linked with the Burman arc appears more appropriate for evaluating the petroleum system.

Supplementary material:

sandstone modal composition, heavy mineral contents, detrital zircon U–Pb LA-ICPMS dating and hafnium results are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18651
.
Climate-driven episodes of dune mobilization and barrier growth along the central coast of Portugal
Authors: Costas Susana , Brito Pedro , FitzGerald Duncan , Goble Ronald 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Here, we explore the evolution of the coastal stretch between Mira Beach and Quiaios Beach in Portugal to understand how it adapted to climatic oscillations. To accomplish this, we integrate subsurface radar images, and sedimentological and chronological data, of the emerged coastal barrier. Our results show the installation and progradation of a stable barrier anchored to transgressive dunes 400 years ago. This is just the last pulse of barrier growth within a complex approximately 5000 year-long history of shoreline stability/instability. Episodes of inland dune mobility have been related to instabilities in the beach sediment budget driven by enhanced storminess and wave rotation around 4.25 and 1.14 ka ago. Conversely, lagoonal deposits documented in the literature suggest periods of relative barrier stability and growth around 4.3 and 2.7 cal ka BP. Wave and wind climate variability are driven by shifts in one of the major modes of atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Episodes of persistent positive mode of the NAO related to barrier growth and enhanced longshore sediment transport; those of persistent negative mode contributed to instabilities in the beach sediment budget and aeolian activity by enhancing storminess, but reduced effective longshore sediment transport.
Infiltrating Macrophages Promote Prostate Tumorigenesis via Modulating Androgen Receptor-Mediated CCL4–STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Fang Lei-Ya , Izumi Kouji , Lai Kuo-Pao , Liang Liang , Li Lei , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Lin Wen-Jye , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Infiltrating macrophages are a key component of inflammation during tumorigenesis, but the direct evidence of such linkage remains unclear. We report here that persistent coculturing of immortalized prostate epithelial cells with macrophages, without adding any carcinogens, induces prostate tumorigenesis and that induction involves the alteration of signaling of macrophage androgen receptor (AR)-inflammatory chemokine CCL4–STAT3 activation as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and downregulation of p53/PTEN tumor suppressors. In vivo studies further showed that PTEN+/− mice lacking macrophage AR developed far fewer prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions, supporting an in vivo role for macrophage AR during prostate tumorigenesis. CCL4-neutralizing antibody effectively blocked macrophage-induced prostate tumorigenic signaling and targeting AR via an AR-degradation enhancer, ASC-J9, reduced CCL4 expression, and xenografted tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, CCL4 upregulation was associated with increased Snail expression and downregulation of p53/PTEN in high-grade PIN and prostate cancer. Together, our results identify the AR-CCL4-STAT3 axis as key regulators during prostate tumor initiation and highlight the important roles of infiltrating macrophages and inflammatory cytokines for the prostate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5633–46. ©2013 AACR.
Utility of Progranulin and Serum Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Carlson Aaron M. , Maurer Matthew J. , Goergen Krista M. , Kalli Kimberly R. , Erskine Courtney L. , Behrens Marshall D. , Knutson Keith L. , Block Matthew S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in females and leading gynecologic cause of cancer-related death. Despite the identification of a number of serum biomarkers, methods to identify early-stage disease and predict prognosis remain scarce. We have evaluated two biologically connected serum biomarkers, serum leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and progranulin (PGRN).
Methods: Two-hundred frozen plasma samples were acquired from the Mayo Clinic Biospecimen Repository for Ovarian Cancer Research. Samples were obtained from 50 patients with benign conditions, 50 with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I and II EOC, and 100 with AJCC stage III and IV EOC. Samples were obtained before surgical resection of a mass and were analyzed for absolute levels of SLPI and PGRN using ELISA assays. Receiver-operator characteristic curves were generated for SLPI and PGRN. Median follow-up was 48 months.
Results: Absolute levels of SLPI were significantly elevated in patients with EOC compared with benign disease and predicted the presence of EOC (AUC of 0.812; P = 0.04); SLPI remained elevated in the subset of patients with normal CA-125. PGRN levels were not significantly increased in patients with early-stage or late-stage EOC as a whole, but an increase in PGRN levels was associated with decreased overall survival in advanced EOC.
Conclusions: SLPI levels are elevated in EOC, and SLPI shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker for patients with both elevated and normal CA-125 levels. An increase in PGRN is associated with decreased overall survival.
Impact: SLPI is elevated in EOC and warrants investigation in a screening study in women at risk for EOC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1730–5. ©2013 AACR.
An Evaluation of Novel, Lower-Cost Molecular Screening Tests for Human Papillomavirus in Rural China
Authors: Zhao Fang-Hui , Jeronimo Jose , Qiao You-Lin , Schweizer Johannes , Chen Wen , Valdez Melissa , Lu Peter , Zhang Xun , Kang Le-Ni , Bansil Pooja , Paul Proma , Mahoney Charles , Berard-Bergery Marthe , Bai Ping , Peck Roger , Li Jing , Chen Feng , Stoler Mark H. , Castle Philip E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
New, lower-cost tests that target high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) have been developed for cervical cancer screening in lower-resource settings but large, population-based screening studies are lacking. Women ages 25 to 65 years and living in rural China (n = 7,543) self-collected a cervicovaginal specimen, had 2 cervical specimens collected by a clinician, and underwent visual inspection after acetic acid (VIA). The self- and one clinician-collected specimens underwent HR-HPV DNA testing by careHPV (QIAGEN) and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2; QIAGEN) and the other clinician-collected specimen was tested for HPV16, 18, and 45 E6 using OncoE6 (Arbor Vita Corporation). Women who screened positive for any test and a random sample of those negative on all tests underwent colposcopic evaluation. The percent test positive was 1.8% for HPV E6 oncoprotein, between 14% and 18% for HR-HPV DNA testing, and 7.3% for VIA. The sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or more severe (CIN3+; n = 99) was 53.5% for OncoE6, 97.0% for both careHPV and HC2 testing of the clinician-collected specimen, 83.8% for careHPV testing and 90.9% for HC2 testing of the self-collected specimen, and 50.5% for VIA. OncoE6 had the greatest positive predictive value (PPV), at 40.8% for CIN3+, compared with the other tests, which had a PPV of less than 10%. OncoE6 tested 70.3% positive for HPV16, 18, or 45-positive CIN3+ and tested negative for all HPV16-, 18-, or 45-negative CIN3+ (P &lt; 0.0001). HPV E6 oncoprotein detection is useful for identifying women who have cervical precancer and cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 6(9); 938–48. ©2013 AACR.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Making Immunotherapy a Reality for the Treatment of Lung Cancer
Authors: Brahmer Julie R. , Pardoll Drew M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Despite the limited success of immunotherapies in solid malignancy, two human cancers, melanoma and renal cancer, have, for many years, responded to systemic administration of immune-targeted biologics and showed signals of response to certain therapeutic vaccines. These findings underpinned a long-held perception that melanoma and renal cancer were uniquely “immunogenic” but that virtually all other human cancers were not and thus would not respond to immune modulation. That notion has now been shattered by the significant and durable responses in non–small cell lung cancer induced by therapeutic treatment with antibodies blocking the PD-1 checkpoint. The immunotherapy success in lung cancer thus provides a gateway to development of treatments for multiple cancer types that were previously believed not accessible to immune-based therapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(2); 85–91. ©2013 AACR.
The Importance of Spring and Autumn Atmospheric Conditions for the Evaporation Regime of Lake Superior
Authors: Spence C. , Blanken P. D. , Lenters J. D. , Hedstrom N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFeedbacks between ice extent and evaporation have long been suspected to be important for Lake Superior evaporation because it is during autumn and winter when latent heat fluxes are highest. Recent direct measurements of evaporation made at the Stannard Rock Lighthouse have provided new information on the physical controls on Lake Superior evaporation, in particular that evaporation can react within hours to days to a change in synoptic conditions. However, the large heat capacity of the lake creates a strong seasonal cycle of energy storage and release. There is a complex interaction among heat storage, evaporation, and ice cover that is highly dependent on atmospheric conditions in the spring and autumn “shoulder seasons.” Small changes in conditions in November and March caused by synoptic-scale events can have profound impacts on annual evaporation, the extent of ice cover, and the length of the ice-covered period. Early winter air temperatures in November and December dictate the nature of ice formation and much of the winter evaporative flux. Decreased ice cover, by itself, does not necessarily lead to enhanced annual evaporation losses. Rather, a combination of low ice cover and warm spring air temperatures, leading to an early breakup, can significantly lengthen the next evaporation season and cause greater cumulative water loss the subsequent year. The influence of individual synoptic events on annual evaporation is notable enough that the research community should ensure that their role is properly captured in numerical models to provide sound predictions of future Laurentian Great Lakes evaporation regimes.
Using NWP Simulations in Satellite Rainfall Estimation of Heavy Precipitation Events over Mountainous Areas
Authors: Zhang Xinxuan , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. , Frediani Maria , Solomos Stavros , Kallos George 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this study, the authors investigate the use of high-resolution simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) for evaluating satellite rainfall biases of flood-inducing storms in mountainous areas. A probability matching approach is applied to evaluate a power-law relationship between satellite-retrieved and WRF-simulated rain rates over the storm domain. Satellite rainfall in this study is from the NOAA Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH). Results are presented based on analyses of five heavy precipitation events that induced flash floods in northern Italy and southern France complex terrain basins. The WRF-based adjusted CMORPH rain rates exhibited improved error statistics against independent radar rainfall estimates. The authors show that the adjustment procedure reduces the underestimation of high rain rates, thus moderating the magnitude dependence of CMORPH rainfall bias. The Heidke skill score for the WRF-based adjusted CMORPH was consistently higher for a range of rain rate thresholds. This is an indication that the adjustment procedure ameliorates the satellite rain rates to provide a better estimation. Results also indicate that the low rain detection of CMORPH technique is also identifiable in the WRF–CMORPH comparison; however, the adjustment procedure herein does not incorporate this effect on the satellite rainfall bias adjustment.
Intercalibrating Microwave Satellite Observations for Monitoring Long-Term Variations in Upper- and Midtropospheric Water Vapor*
Authors: Chung Eui-Seok , Soden Brian J. , John Viju O. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper analyzes the growing archive of 183-GHz water vapor absorption band measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSU-B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) on board polar-orbiting satellites and document adjustments necessary to use the data for long-term climate monitoring. The water vapor channels located at 183.31 ± 1 GHz and 183.31 ± 3 GHz are sensitive to upper- and midtropospheric relative humidity and less prone to the clear-sky sampling bias than infrared measurements, making them a valuable but underutilized source of information on free-tropospheric water vapor. A method for the limb correction of the satellite viewing angle based upon a simplified model of radiative transfer is introduced to remove the scan angle dependence of the radiances. Biases due to the difference in local observation time between satellites and spurious trends associated with satellite orbital drift are then diagnosed and adjusted for using synthetic radiative simulations based on the Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). The adjusted, cloud-filtered, and limb-corrected brightness temperatures are then intercalibrated using zonal-mean brightness temperature differences. It is found that these correction procedures significantly improve consistency and quantitative agreement between microwave radiometric satellite observations that can be used to monitor upper- and midtropospheric water vapor. The resulting radiances are converted to estimates of the deep-layer-mean upper- and midtropospheric relative humidity, and can be used to evaluate trends in upper-tropospheric relative humidity from reanalysis datasets and coupled ocean–atmosphere models.
Examining the construct validity of the Cognitive Competency Test for occupational therapy practice / Évaluer la validité de construit du Cognitive Competency Test en fonction de la pratique de l’ergothérapie
Authors: Zur Briana M. , Rudman Debbie Laliberte , Johnson Andrew M. , Roy Eric A. , Wells Jennie L. 
Published: July 2013

Background. Enhancing occupational therapy practice requires critical examination of assessment tools and the conclusions being drawn from their use. When working with cognitively impaired older individuals, judgments about occupational competence are often informed by an assessment of cognitive competence. Purpose. The Cognitive Competency Test (CCT) is a frequently used measure in Canada to inform predictions of occupational competence. However, there is an absence of published evidence that addresses its validity. Methods. To appraise validity of the CCT, a retrospective chart review ( n = 107) of CCT reports for inpatient and outpatient clients with cognitive impairment was conducted. Data were subjected to exploratory factor analyses to examine the factor structure, and the measure was compared with commonly used clinical variables reflecting cognitive and occupational competence. Findings. Results suggest that the CCT measures a unitary construct and provide some support for its predictive capacity. Implications. CCT scores can add incremental validity to cognitive screens, such as the Mini Mental State Exam, when evaluating occupational competence.