bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new custom moldable external neck brace (ENB 2.0) to improve hands‐free speech in laryngectomized patients
Authors: Dirven Richard , Clark Jonathan R. , Wismans Joris G. F. , McGuiness John , Palme Carsten E. , Blyth Katrina , Baxter Candice , Stone Danielle B. , Marres Henri A. M. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe majority of laryngectomy patients fail to use a hands‐free valve on a daily basis, mainly due to fixation problems of the adhesive baseplate housing. To support adhesive housings during hands‐free speech a new external neck brace (ENB 2.0) was developed. The effect of the brace was assessed in terms of a qualitative assessment, adhesive lifetime, maximum phonation time and patient self‐reports.Study DesignTwenty laryngectomees participated in this randomized, prospective, crossover trial.MethodsAll participants used the Provox hands‐free HME valve with an Xtrabase adhesive for 1 month, 2 weeks with an ENB 2.0, and 2 weeks without. Outcomes were compared with the previous model of the external neck brace (ENB 1.0).ResultsThe average total number of adhesive baseplates used during the trial was 16.7 in the non‐brace group versus 10.9 in the brace group (P = 0.05). The number of daily replacements was 1.4 in the non‐brace group and 1.1 in the brace group (P = 0.025). The average time a hands‐free valve was worn per baseplate was 9.5 hours when wearing a neck brace versus 7.3 hours without brace (P = 0.09).The majority (81%) of the patients considered the neck brace 2.0 as a welcome addition to improve hands‐free speech after laryngectomy and would use it if prescribed (88%).ConclusionThe new model of the neck brace reduces the number of baseplate replacements during hands‐free speech and is considered as a helpful device by 81% of the participants.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 123:2209–2215, 2013
A Cutting‐Edge View on the Current State of Antiviral Drug Development
Authors: De Clercq Erik 
Published: March 2013

AbstractProminent in the current stage of antiviral drug development are: (i) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs), the most recent example being StribildTM; (ii) for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the pleiade of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) that should be formulated in the most appropriate combinations so as to obtain a cure of the infection; (iii)–(v) new strategies (i.e., AIC316, AIC246, and FV‐100) for the treatment of herpesvirus infections: herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), respectively; (vi) the role of a new tenofovir prodrug, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (GS‐7340) for the treatment of HIV infections; (vii) the potential use of poxvirus inhibitors (CMX001 and ST‐246); (viii) the usefulness of new influenza virus inhibitors (peramivir and laninamivir octanoate); (ix) the position of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitors [lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)]; and (x) the potential of new compounds such as FGI‐103, FGI‐104, FGI‐106, dUY11, and LJ‐001 for the treatment of filoviruses (i.e., Ebola). Whereas for HIV and HCV therapy is aimed at multiple‐drug combinations, for all other viruses, HSV, CMV, VZV, pox, influenza, HBV, and filoviruses, current strategies are based on the use of single compounds.
Technische Chemie 2012
Authors: Güttel Robert , Ziegenbalg Dirk , Greiner Lasse 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEnergie‐ und Rohstoffwandel bestimmen viele aktuelle Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsthemen der technischen Chemie. Dazu gehört die Frage, wie sich biogene Rohstoffe stofflich und energetisch nutzen lassen. Welche Lösungen sind in absehbarer Zukunft technisch und ökonomisch realisierbar? Wie wird sich vor diesem Hintergrund die technische Photochemie entwickeln?
Chemiedidaktik 2012
Authors: Becker Hans‐Jürgen , Hildebrandt Henry , Kühlmann Jennifer Christin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEmpirische Forschungen erweitern seit je her den chemiedidaktischen Erkenntnisstand. Ziel sind Theorien und Modelle zum Chemielernen und ‐lehren. Bildungs‐ und Planungsentscheidungen sollen objektiviert werden und vor allem auf Modellen beruhen. Der Anspruch “Voraussage” ist hoch.
Robust multilevel methods for quadratic finite element anisotropic elliptic problems
Authors: Kraus Johannes , Lymbery Maria , Margenov Svetozar 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper discusses a class of multilevel preconditioners based on approximate block factorization for conforming finite element methods employing quadratic trial and test functions. The main focus is on diffusion problems governed by a scalar elliptic partial differential equation with a strongly anisotropic coefficient tensor. The proposed method provides a high robustness with respect to non‐grid‐aligned anisotropy, which is achieved by the interaction of the following components: (i) an additive Schur complement approximation to construct the coarse‐grid operator; (ii) a global block (Jacobi or Gauss–Seidel) smoother complementing the coarse‐grid correction based on (i); and (iii) utilization of an augmented coarse grid, which enhances the efficiency of the interplay between (i) and (ii). The performed analysis indicates the high robustness of the resulting two‐level method. Moreover, numerical tests with a nonlinear algebraic multilevel iteration method demonstrate that the presented two‐level method can be applied successfully in the recursive construction of uniform multilevel preconditioners of optimal or nearly optimal order of computational complexity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear multi‐scale homogenization with different structural models at different scales
Authors: Edmans B.D. , Alfano G. , Bahai H. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYWe present an extension of the computational homogenization theory to cases where different structural models are used at different scales and no energy potential can be defined at the small scale. We observe that volumetric averaging, which is not applicable in such cases unless similarities exist in the macro‐scale and micro‐scale models, is not a necessary prerequisite to carry out computational homogenization. At each material point of the macro‐model, we replace the conventional representative volume element with a representative domain element (RDE). To link the large‐scale and small‐scale problems, we then introduce a linear operator, mapping the smooth part of the small‐scale displacement field of each RDE to the large‐scale strain field and a trace operator to impose boundary conditions in the RDE. The latter is defined on the basis of engineering judgement, analogously to the conventional theory. A generalized Hill's condition, rather than being invoked, is derived from duality principles and is used to recover the stress measures at the large scale. For the implementation in a nonlinear finite‐element analysis, ‘control nodes’ and constraint equations are used. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated for three beam‐to‐truss example problems, for which multi‐scale convergence is numerically analysed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of HIV‐infected children diagnosed with kaposi sarcoma in malawi and botswana
Authors: Cox Carrie M. , El‐Mallawany Nader Kim , Kabue Mark , Kovarik Carrie , Schutze Gordon E. , Kazembe Peter N. , Mehta Parth S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundKaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV‐associated malignancy in sub‐Saharan Africa. The presentation and outcomes of pediatric KS are not well understood.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 81 HIV‐infected children with KS at the Baylor Children's Clinical Centres of Excellence in Malawi and Botswana from March 2003 to October 2009.ResultsEighty‐one children with KS were identified whose median age was 8.0 (inter‐quartile range 5.1–11.3) years. KS lesions were presented primarily on the skin (83%), lymph nodes (52%), and oral mucosa (41%). Occasionally disease was limited to the lymph nodes only (10%). Severe immunosuppression (70%), anemia (29%), and thrombocytopenia (17%) were common laboratory findings. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was administered to 94% of children, including 77% who received HAART plus chemotherapy. KS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurred in 22%. Disease status 12 months after KS diagnosis was determined for 69 children: 43% were alive and 57% had died. Severe immunosuppression was independently associated with mortality in multivariate analysis (OR = 4.3; 95% CI 1.3–14.6; P = 0.02).ConclusionKS occurs in a significant number of HIV infected children in sub‐Saharan Africa. Pediatric KS is distinct from KS in adults. Lymph node involvement was a common manifestation of KS in children, and severe immunosuppression was associated with the highest mortality risk. Though overall mortality was high in children with KS, patients did achieve clinical remission in settings with limited diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1274–1280. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prenatal characteristics of false negative cases from first‐trimester screening of Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Authors: Simonsen Tanja Schlaikjær , Sørensen Steen , Ekelund Charlotte , Jørgensen Finn Stener ,   the Danish Fetal Medicine Research Group
Published: March 2013

What's already known about this topic?

In DS cases, maternal age, NT and hCGβ (multiples of median) are high, whereas PAPP‐A (multiples of median) is low.What does this study add?

This study describes in details the distribution of maternal age, NT, crown rump length and biochemical markers of false negative cases from the first‐trimester combined screening for DS.
Using the National Diabetes Inpatient Audit to evaluate the delivery of diabetes education
Authors: Brooks AP , Chong JSW Li Voon , Haynes K , Nero S , Norris AM 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEvaluation of diabetes education is difficult. This is particularly so when a beneficial clinical outcome may be seen as just a result of good clinical care. The added value of an approach to care using diabetes education concepts is then difficult to see. We believe our diabetes specialist care inpatient team does not only provide focused regular care to patients; the team also intends to educate patients, non‐specialist health care professionals, and ourselves.We have used audit standards derived from the questions and answers of the National Diabetes Inpatient Audits (NDIAs) for 2009–2011 to evaluate our performance as diabetes educators in the inpatient setting of a small district general hospital in Wessex. The results are favourable. Likewise, we have compared the performance in the 2010 NDIA of five acute trusts, including our own in Wessex, relating diabetes nurse specialist time available, and the presence of a dedicated team, to quality outcomes.Finally, we discuss some broad concepts of delivering diabetes education to inpatients and non‐specialist health care professionals, trained or in training; we also suggest some possible modifications to the NDIA to strengthen its use as an evaluation tool for diabetes education in the inpatient setting in secondary care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
X‐Ray Reflectometry Characterization of Plasma Polymer Films Synthesized from Triallylamine: Density and Swelling in Water
Authors: Schieda Mauricio , Salah Fethi , Roualdès Stéphanie , van der Lee Arie , Beche Eric , Durand Jean 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCommercial membranes suitable for solid alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC) have not proved their competitiveness yet, due to poor ionic conductivity and water and fuel retention. Plasma polymers are however promising candidates to meet the SAMFC requirements. In this work, X‐ray reflectometry has been used to determine the thickness, density and water swelling of plasma polymerized films prepared from triallylamine, leading to a bilayer model for the studied thin films. Both film density and water swelling show a bimodal evolution as a function of the average plasma discharge power, which is directly related to the precursor fragmentation mechanism in the plasma phase and can be correlated with the film chemical composition. magnified image
Piezoelectric behavior in Sr1 − xBaxBi2Nb2O9 Aurivillius‐type structure ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: González‐Abreu Y. , Peláiz‐Barranco A. , Guerra J. D. S. , Saint‐Grégoire P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe paper presents a piezoelectric study, carried out at room temperature, for the Sr1 − xBaxBi2Nb2O9 (x = 0, 15, 30, 50, 70, 85, 100 at%) ferroelectric (FE) ceramic system. The structural analysis has shown, for all the compositions, a pure orthorhombic phase with space group A21am. A large electromechanical anisotropy phenomenon has been observed between the electromechanical coupling factors for the thickness and the planar vibrations, which could be very interesting for high‐frequency array transducers. The best values of piezoelectric parameters have been obtained for the Sr0.70Ba0.30Bi2Nb2O9 composition. Our analysis of the X‐ray diffraction patterns around the (200) and (020) planes, before and after the polarization process, has suggested a better polarization process for barium concentrations of 15 and 30 at%, which provides higher piezoelectric properties.
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of excitation density dependent scintillation in CsI and CsI(Tl)
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Williams Richard T. , Grim Joel Q. , Gao Fei , Kerisit Sebastien 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNonlinear quenching of electron–hole pairs in the denser regions of ionization tracks created by γ‐ray and high‐energy electrons is a likely cause of the light yield non‐proportionality of many inorganic scintillators. Therefore, kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations were carried out to investigate the scintillation properties of pure and thallium‐doped CsI as a function of electron–hole pair density. The availability of recent experimental data on the excitation density dependence of the light yield of CsI following ultraviolet excitation allowed for an improved parameterization of the interactions between self‐trapped excitons (STE) in the KMC model via dipole–dipole Förster transfer. The KMC simulations reveal that nonlinear quenching occurs very rapidly (within a few picoseconds) in the early stages of the scintillation process. In addition, the simulations predict that the concentration of thallium activators can affect the extent of nonlinear quenching as it has a direct influence on the STE density through STE dissociation and electron scavenging. This improved model will enable more realistic simulations of the non‐proportional γ‐ray and electron response of inorganic scintillators.
Dielectric spectroscopy of Ca2MnO4‐δ ceramics using equivalent circuit analysis
Authors: Chihaoui N. , Bejar M. , Dhahri E. , Costa L. C. , Valente M. A. , Graça M. P. F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the last years a growing interest in the study of layered perovskites which acquire a wide variety of interesting and useful physical properties such as colossal magnetoresistance, superconductivity, ferroelectricity is quite visible. From those properties, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) offers an interesting alternative technology for refrigeration. On other hand, their possible use in spintronic devices has also attracted much attention.In this work, the effect of the creation of vacancies in oxygen sites on the structure of Ca2MnO4‐δ Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) compounds, prepared by sol‐gel method, was studied mainly through their structural, morphologic and dielectric properties. The cationic stoichiometry of the samples was studied using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX). EDAX spectra showed a nominal composition close to the desired one. The structural study, by X‐ray diffraction analysis, confirmed the single‐phase composition of all the samples. The dielectric studies, the temperature range between 80 K and 360 K, showed dielectric relaxation phenomena, which were related to the Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical conductivity of LSMO films on Al2O3 substrates
Authors: Tikhii Alexandr , Gritskih Vladimir , Kara‐Murza Svetlana , Korchikova Natalia , Nikolaenko Yuri , Zhikharev Igor 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report on the influence of temperature conditions of deposition and annealing given on the optical conductivity spectra of LSMO films. The investigated films were deposited using DC magnetron sputtering of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 target in argon‐oxygen atmosphere on hot (T = 970 K), and cold (T=300 K) single crystalline substrates of Al2O3 (012). All films were obtained using these technologies are oxygen deficient. Optical transmission was measured in a range 1‐5 eV. The optical conductivity spectra of films with thickness more than 100 nm deposited on hot substrates are slightly dependent on the annealing. These spectra are similar to the corresponding ones of epitaxial films La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 but the typical spectral peaks are slightly shifted to higher energies.The optical conductivity spectra of unannealed films with the thickness less 100 nm which are deposited on the cold and hot substrates do not have the corresponding peak near 1 eV. We explain this fact by means of size effects and oxygen deficit. These factors suppress the mechanism of eg‐eg transition between Mn3+‐Mn4+ ions within parallel spin manifold. The three‐hour annealing in the air on the temperature interval 1070‐1170 K eliminates the oxygen deficiency in films. As a result all optical properties of all investigated films are unified. Besides, the conductivity spectra of the annealed films are similar to the corresponding ones of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 epitaxial films. But some shift of the low‐energy peak to higher energies can be observed. It may correspond to polycrystallinity of obtained structures. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on transformations of oxide nanoclusters in ODS alloys
Authors: Rymzhanov R. A. , O'Connell J. , Skuratov V. A. , Sohatsky A. S. , Neethling J. H. , Volkov A. E. , Havancsak K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMicrostructure of Cr16 ferritic steel reinforced with yttrium oxide particles and KP4 oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy irradiated with 167 MeV xenon and 700 MeV bismuth ions at 300 K has been studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that Bi ion irradiation at fluences more than 1013 cm‐2 leads to complete amorphization of oxide particles in Cr16 samples, while central regions of large (∼20 nm) particles and small oxides (∼5 nm) in KP4 steel remain crystalline. The Xe ion irradiation effect consists in polycrystallization of single crystalline oxide particles. Small oxide particles at 1.5×1015 Xe×cm‐2 are fragmented to quasi‐amorphous state. No dissolution of nanoparticles has been revealed in all studied samples. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The microscopic model of material excitation in swift heavy ion tracks
Authors: Gorbunov S. A. , Medvedev N. A. , Terekhin P. N. , Volkov A. E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe paper presents a quantitative model describing the kinetics of the electronic and ionic subsystems of a target along the trajectory of a swift heavy ion (SHI) decelerated in the electronic stopping regime. Electron‐to‐lattice energy and momentum transfer is described within the dynamic structure factor (DSF) formalism which takes into account different extreme cases of dynamic correlations in the ionic system of a target in a relaxing SHI track. The DSF approach gives an ability to merge Monte‐Carlo and Molecular‐Dynamics approaches simulating the kinetics of the electron ensemble and the lattice, respectively, into a unified model. This hybrid model predicts a little heating of the lattice in SHI tracks in LiF crystals that agrees well with the experiment‐based estimation of this heating. The developed tool can be used for modeling of the kinetics of highly exited material states in swift heavy ion tracks and/or laser spots. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Council‐Based Approaches to Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence for Distal Change in the System Response
Authors: Allen Nicole E. , Todd Nathan R. , Anderson Carolyn J. , Davis Shara M. , Javdani Shabnam , Bruehler Vernie , Dorsey Heather 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCommunities across the United States are collaborating to create a coordinated response to intimate partner violence (IPV); ideally, this involves promoting best practices in the justice and human service systems and engaging a broad array of community sectors (e.g., human service; criminal justice; faith; business; education) to promote victim safety and batterer accountability (Pence, 1999). The current study examined the extent to which Family Violence Coordinating Councils resulted in change in the systems’ response to IPV. Specifically, we examined judicial order of protection data from 1990 to 2005 to establish whether the formation and development of councils across the state of Illinois promoted the issuance of plenary orders of protection following the initial granting of emergency orders of protection. Such a pattern would indicate implementation of a best practice in the system response to IPV. Utilizing a multilevel logistic modeling approach, we found that the introduction and development of councils was indeed related to the accessibility of plenary orders of protection. The specific ways in which councils may have influenced such an outcome and the implications of this approach for research on council effectiveness are discussed.
Is Health of the Aging Improved by Conditional Cash Transfer Programs? Evidence From Mexico
Authors: Behrman Jere R. , Parker Susan W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs link public transfers to human capital investment in the hopes of alleviating current poverty and reducing its intergenerational transmission. Whereas nearly all studies of their effects have focused on youth, CCT programs may also have an impact on aging adults by increasing household resources or inducing changes in allocations of time of household members, which may be of substantial interest, particularly given the rapid aging of most populations. This article contributes to this underresearched area by examining health and work impacts on the aging for the best-known and most influential of these programs, the Mexican PROGRESA/Oportunidades program. For a number of health indicators, the program appears to significantly improve health, with larger effects for recipients with a greater time receiving benefits from the program. Most of these health effects are concentrated on women.
Asphyxia induced by umbilical cord occlusion alters glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission in neurons of the superior colliculus in fetal rats
Authors: Sakata Yoshiyuki , Endoh Hisashi , Matsushige Takeshi , Furuya Satoko , Nakamura Shoji 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUsing optical recordings, we studied the effects of asphyxia on intracellular Cl− and Ca2+ concentrations ([Cl−]i; [Ca2+]i) in the superior colliculus of fetal rats, which were connected via the umbilical cord to the dam. Acute asphyxia was induced by umbilical cord occlusion. The number of fetal superior colliculus neurons showing GABA‐mediated increases in [Cl−]i (leading to hyperpolarization) following local synaptic electrical stimulation had decreased by 3 h post‐asphyxiation, while the number showing GABA‐mediated decreases in [Cl−]i (leading to depolarization) increased. [Ca2+]i rise, which occurred after acute asphyxiation, was antagonized by both non‐NMDA and NMDA receptor antagonists. The increase in [Ca2+]i following focal superior colliculus stimulation was markedly attenuated at 3 h post‐asphyxiation.These findings suggest that asphyxia induced by umbilical occlusion induces changes in glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission in the fetal brain.