bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the water lubrication of non-contacting face seals for turbopumps
Authors: Guo-yuan Zhang , Zhao Wei-gang , Xiu Tian Yan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– A new type of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic non-contacting face seals has been designed to meet the requirements of lower leakage, longer life and more repeatedly start and stop on shaft seals raised by liquid rocket engine turbopumps. And an experimental study on the performance of the face seal in the actual liquid oxygen turbopump was completed where low-viscosity water was selected as the seal fluid for the sake of safety. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Different performances of face seals under preset conditions were obtained by repeatedly running tests, and the main performance parameters encompass leakage, fluid film pressure between the faces, operating power, face temperature, and so on.

Findings
– The results indicate that the designed face seal has a smaller amount of leakage, with a minimum value of 3 ml/s. Furthermore, the designed face seal has been proved to demand lower operating power. Since its operating power changes slightly with different sealed fluid pressures, the new seal can be deployed in the harsh working condition with high pressure or with high speed (greater than 20,000 rpm). However, one proviso is that when liquid is employed as the seal fluid, the groove depth should be relatively deeper (greater than 10 μm).

Research limitations/implications
– In response to future engineering requirements, study on the controllable spiral-groove face seals to improve the current design is being conducted.

Originality/value
– The advancement of such non-contacting face seals proffers important insights to the design of turbo-pump shaft seal in a new generation of liquid rocket engine with regard to the requirement of frequent start and stop as well as long life on it.
Engine piston rings improvement through effective materials, advanced manufacturing methods and novel design shape
Authors: Senatore Adolfo , Aleksendric Dragan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to propose a literature review of the main physical phenomena considered by previous studies focusing on the modelling and the numerical simulation of frictional behaviour of piston rings, in the first section. In the second section, the more recent technical papers and patents about piston ring pack are briefly discussed. They deal with novel materials, innovative manufacturing methods and modified shape for improving frictional, stability and blow-by behaviours.Design/methodology/approach– This review paper aims at covering last period technical efforts about engine piston ring pack friction reduction through novel materials and manufacturing methods as well as new surface profiles according to the last outcomes of multiphysics numerical simulation.Findings– The paper type is “literature review”. The findings of the authors of papers and patents are described.Originality/value– This review paper proposes a survey of recent papers and patents on piston rings topic.
Design for static stiffness of hydrostatic bearings: double-action variable compensation of membrane-type restrictors and self-compensation
Authors: Kang Yuan , Peng De-Xing , Hung Yu-Hong , Hu Sheng-Yan , Lin Chorng-Shyan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This article is the fourth part of a serial studies about constant and variable compensations of the closed-type hydrostatic plane-pad bearing, which is presented for the double-action membrane-type restrictor and self-type compensation. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The load capacity and static stiffness in thrust direction of the planar bearing is determined by the flow continuity equation which belongs to the same approaches as shown in previous parts of this serial studies.

Findings
– The results reveal that the appropriate range of recess pressure ratio and design parameters of bearing and restrictor for the infinite or maximum stiffness can be obtained. Also, the influence of design parameters on negative stiffness that should be avoided in bearing design is revealed in detail.

Originality/value
– The determination of design parameters of a double-action membrane-type restrictor can be yielded from finding results of this study for maximum stiffness in design of hydrostatic bearings.
Experimental study of friction and wear characteristics of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) under lubricated sliding condition
Authors: Dutt Sharma Mukund , Sehgal Rakesh 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– In the present study, an attempt has been made to examine friction and wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sliding against EN-31 steel under lubricative media of common commercial grade oil (hydrol-68). The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Tribological properties of Ti-6Al-4V under hydrol-68 as lubricative media are measured using multi-tribo tester. Lubricating oil samples at different normal loads have also been analysed with the help of laser net fines (LNF) as per ISO 4406:1999. Experiments have been designed by two level full factorial method.Findings– Experimental results indicate that the wear rate of Ti-6Al-4V alloy decreases as sliding speed increases. But it shows typical transition characteristics as the normal load increases; till 30 N wear rate decreases then it increases from 30 to 50 N. Also for all loads and at every speed, the average wear increases as the sliding distance increases. The average coefficient of friction of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy decreases with the increase in sliding velocity and normal load. Lubricating oil analysis indicates that the maximum wear particle size (5-15 μm) was obtained at a normal load of 50 N.Originality/value– This paper shows that considerable reduction in friction and wear is achieved by using common grade oil hydrol-68 as lubricative media. Further, the analysis of lubricating oil using LNF at different normal loads indicates the co-existence of various wear phenomena such as cutting, fatigue, and sliding wear simultaneously.
Characterization of properties in friction-welded austenitic-stainless steel and aluminium joints
Authors: Sahin Mumin 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the metallurgical and mechanical properties of dissimilar metal friction welds (FWs) between aluminium and type 304 stainless steel.

Design/methodology/approach
– One of the manufacturing methods used to produce parts made from different materials is the FW method. Therefore, in the present study, austenitic stainless steel and aluminium parts were joined by FW. Tensile, fatigue and notch-impact tests were applied to FW specimens, and the results were compared with those for the original materials. Microstructure, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and hardness variations were conducted on the joints.

Findings
– It was found from the microstructure and XRD analysis that inter-metallic phases formed in the interface which further caused a decrease in the strength of the joints.

Research limitations/implications
– In this study, the rotation speed was kept constant. The effects of the rotation speed on the welding quality can be examined in future. It is important to note that the FW process was successfully accomplished in this study although it was particularly difficult to obtain the weld due to the large deformations at the interface.

Practical implications
– Low-density components such as aluminium and magnesium can be joined with steels owing to being cost-effective in industry. Application of classical welding techniques to such materials is difficult because they have different thermal properties. Their welding plays a key part in industrial quality and process control, in the efficient use of energy and other resources, in health and safety. Then, this study will contribute for welded, brazed and soldered materials.

Originality/value
– The main value of this paper is to contribute and fulfill the influence of the interface on properties in welding of various materials that is being studied so far in the literature.
Wear behavior of ceramic powder and nano-diamond cladding on carbon steel surface
Authors: Peng De-Xing , Kang Yuan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Thick composite claddings of carbides on a metal matrix are ideal for use in components that are subject to severe abrasive wear. It is a metal matrix composite (MMC) that is reinforced by an appropriate ceramic phase and nano-diamond cladding to reduce friction and to protect the opposing surface. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This work evaluated the wear performance of carbon steel cladded with TiC/nano-diamond powders by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method. The microstructures, chemical compositions, and wear characteristics of cladded surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Findings
– The cladding was uniform, continuous, and almost defect-free, and particles were evenly distributed throughout the cladding layer. The results of wear test indicate that the friction coefficient of the TiC+1.5% nano-diamond cladding is lower than that of AISI 1020 carbon steel. Thus, the wear scar area of the TiC+1.5% nano-diamond cladding is only one-tenth of the AISI 1020 carbon steel.

Originality/value
– The experiments in this study confirm that, by reducing friction and anti-wear, the cladding layer prepared using the proposed methods can prolong machinery operating life.
Analysis of a circular journal bearing lubricated with micropolar fluids including EHD effects
Authors: Chetti Boualem 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The performance of finite circular journal bearing lubricated with micropolar fluids taking into account the elastic deformation of the bearing liner is presented. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The modified Reynolds equation is obtained using the micropolar lubrication theory. The solution of the modified Reynolds equation is determined using finite difference technique. The static characteristics in terms of load-carrying capacity, attitude angle, side leakage and friction coefficient for micropolar and Newtonian fluids are determined for various values of eccentricity ratio and different values of elastic coefficient.

Findings
– Compared with Newtonian fluids, the micropolar fluids produce an increase in the load-carrying capacity and a reduction in the attitude angle, the friction factor and side leakage for both the rigid and deformable bearings.

Originality/value
– It is concluded that the influence of elastic deformation on the bearing characteristics lubricated with micropolar fluids is significantly apparent compared with bearing lubricated with Newtonian fluids.
Faking it: incentives and malingered PTSD
Authors: A. Peace Kristine , E.S. Richards Victoria 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to address how context for malingering and the provision of incentives influence malingered symptom profiles of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Design/methodology/approach– A 2 (case context)×3 (incentive) factorial design was utilized. Participants (n=298) were given an incentive (positive, negative, or no incentive), randomly assigned to a criminal or civil context, and asked to provide a fake claim of child abuse with corresponding malingered symptoms of PTSD. Under these conditions, participants completed several questionnaires pertaining to symptoms of trauma and PTSD.Findings– Results indicated that negative incentives were primarily associated with lower symptom scores. Therefore, “having something to lose” may result in more constrained (and realistic) symptom reports relative to exaggeration evidenced with positive incentives.Originality/value– These results have implications for forensic settings where malingered claims of PTSD are common and incentives for such claims (e.g. having something to gain or lose) frequently exist. Previous studies have failed to address incentives (positive and negative) in relation to a crime (i.e. abuse) that can span both criminal and civil contexts.
Biosignal measures of female sexual interest: their feasibility in a forensic context
Authors: Staunton Ciara , Hammond Sean , Perkins Derek , Lambert Sharon 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the status of biosignal measures of female sexual arousal with a view to examining the feasibility of such procedures in a forensic context. Although adult women represent the minority of sexual offenders, female perpetrated sexual abuse has been gaining increasing attention in the forensic psychological literature as criminal justice is confronted with female offending populations to a greater extent than previously recognised.

Design/methodology/approach
– Psychological assessments of sex offenders have tended to be over-dependent on the use of self-report measures (i.e. an individual's appraisal and report of their emotional state of sexual arousal). There is a dearth of empirical knowledge concerning the psychophysiological assessment of female sexual interest in general and especially so for female sex offenders. Physiological measures are those that rely on directly observable physiological responses of the individual in order to identify patterns of sexual interest or arousal.

Findings
– Because deviant sexual interest (in children or the use of violence) as assessed by penile plethysmography, has been established as one of the strongest predictors of recidivism in male sex offenders (and as a viable alternative to self-report methodologies), an analogue measurement approach for female sex offenders is desirable. This paper considers: first, theoretical problems (e.g. what does female physiological arousal mean in terms of sexual arousal/desire?; second, technical measurement problems (e.g. reactivity of the measure in within subject designs); and third, procedural/ethical problems (e.g. invasiveness of the application).

Originality/value
– While a number of physiological assessment devices are considered in this paper, the paper discusses the labial photoplethysmograph as a promising method for female sexual offender populations.
Between ideal and reality
Authors: Yoo Sungae , Jeong Kim Hye , Young Kwon So 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine similar and/or different perspectives on, and practices of online-learning interaction as projected by the participating educators who are from either Korea or the USA.Design/methodology/approach– In this study, the authors analyzed how college instructors from two countries, Korea and the USA, consider the role of online-learning interaction in their students' learning by interviewing nine instructors from both countries. The authors examined the educators' responses using constructivism and Confucianism as the frame of reference.Findings– The analysis showed that the US instructors tend to focus on learner-to-learner interaction, whereas Korean instructors emphasized teacher-to-learner interaction. Korean instructors perceived a gap between ideal and reality in integrating interaction as a part of online activities in the course.Originality/value– This study focuses on a cross-national comparison of online-learning interaction between Korea and the USA. Thus, it will provide practical ideas for global or multicultural user experiences on online-learning courses.
Incentives for complexity in financial regulation
Authors: Berglund Tom 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to find out which incentives are present for persons who are taking care of financial regulation in practice, and how these incentives impact their attitudes towards complexity of financial regulation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on recent contributions, reasons behind the increase in complexity observed in financial regulation are discussed. The role of actual incentives for the persons involved in setting up and enforcing regulation is detailed.

Findings
– Incentives for persons that impact drafting and implementation of financial regulation produce a bias towards excessive complexity. Additional complexity reduces the risk for being exposed to aggressive journalism and pressure from populist politicians. Increasing complexity of regulation will also benefit large players since the costs are largely fixed.

Research limitations/implications
– Careful studies measuring the costs of increased complexity in terms of increased resource requirements are needed.

Practical implications
– To reduce the bias towards excess complexity, a body consisting of knowledgeable persons with high integrity is required with an explicit mandate of scrutinising regulation in order to reduce, or at least not increase, complexity. This body must be empowered with sufficient discretion to tackle cases that lack precedents.

Originality/value
– The paper introduces an explicit discussion of existing incentives on the regulator side of financial markets to increase the understanding of the issues involved in the increased complexity that we observe in the rules that are implemented to guide behaviour in financial markets.
Learning processes across knowledge domains
Authors: Bjerg Hall-Andersen Lene , Broberg Ole 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the problematics of learning across knowledge boundaries in organizational settings. The paper specifically explores learning processes that emerge, when a new knowledge domain is introduced into an existing organizational practice with the aim of creating a new combined practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study was carried out as a “natural experiment” in an engineering consultancy, where emerging initiatives to integrate the newly acquired competencies into the existing practice were explored. A theoretical framework informed by selected perspectives on learning processes and boundary processes was applied on three illustrative vignettes to illuminate learning potentials and shortcomings in boundary processes.

Findings
– In the engineering consultancy, it was found that while learning did occur in the consultancy organization, it remained discrete in ‘pockets’ of learning; mainly at an individual level, at project level or as domain-specific learning. Learning processes were intertwined with elements of domain-specific interests, power, managerial support, structural conditions, material and epistemic differences between knowledge domains.

Research limitations/implications
– The finding in this paper is based on a single case study: hence, the findings' generalizability may be limited.

Practical implications
– The paper argues that learning across knowledge domains needs various forms of supporting initiatives and constant readiness to alter or counteract when an initiative's shortcomings appear or undesired learning loops arise.

Originality/value
– The paper contributes to understanding the complexity of learning across knowledge boundaries in organizational settings.
A usability study of taxonomy visualisation user interfaces in digital repositories
Authors: Alonso Gaona García Paulo , Martín-Moncunill David , Sánchez-Alonso Salvador , Fermoso García Ana 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to analyse user interfaces for search and collection visualisation and navigation from a usability perspective. The final aim is to offer repository owners a scientific basis to support their decisions when they have to choose an interface that can really help users to effectively locate and visualise resources over large digital collections.Design/methodology/approach– This HCI study is divided into two parts: perception and usability. The first one analysed three perceptual abilities required to use interfaces: attention, retention of information and understanding. The second one was run on an ad hoc generated collection including more than 40,000 European digital resources collected and classified according to a given branch of knowledge in theArt & Architecture Thesaurus.Findings– Although visual interfaces proved useful for certain tasks related to resource discovery and search, and despite the overall good general user opinion, the authors found it necessary to conduct another thorough study to know more about the target users and the amplitude of the collection, as well as to determine the ideal type of interface to implement. All these factors are important for increasing user acceptance and avoiding unnecessary implementation costs.Research limitations/implications– This research was run on a relatively small sample size of users from Spain and Latin America, which may not be representative of the general population. In similar studies previous knowledge about usability has been reported to introduce bias in the results, so the authors tried to avoid this when selecting the participants.Originality/value– There are no previous usability studies for the development and implementation of interfaces in digital learning or cultural repositories. The authors' experience highlights the importance of addressing usability aspects a priori, to prevent users from ceasing to use visual interfaces over time, because they do not perceive any benefit from using them.
Police-public interactions: a grid-group cultural theory perspective
Authors: Loyens Kim , Maesschalck Jeroen 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The police culture literature suggests that police officers’ attitude towards the public is characterised by suspicion and an “us-vs-them” mentality. It also refers to the moral mission of protecting the public by being tough on crime. The traditional police culture model seems to imply that these aspects are typical for the police. There is, however, a lack of empirical studies to test this proposition. The purpose of this paper is to propose a different conceptual framework, based on grid-group cultural theory (GGCT), which not only broadens the lens of the police culture model, but also allows for comparative research between different professional groups.Design/methodology/approach– The newly developed conceptual framework is tested in an ethnographic study in the Belgian police and labour inspection. The main data collection methods are observation, interview and informal conversation.Findings– The results of this study show that there are similarities in the way in which Belgian police officers and labour inspectors interact with the public, which raises interesting questions concerning the (often implicit) claim of the police culture literature concerning the specificity of police culture.Research limitations/implications– More research is needed to gain deeper insight into similarities and differences of the occupational culture in the police and comparable professional groups. GGCT offers a useful conceptual framework for such a research agenda.Originality/value– This paper addresses a number of criticisms against the classic police culture model and provides an innovative perspective to not only study aspects of police culture, but also compare the police with other professions.