bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sense-making and acting for descent futures: human and cultural pathways
Authors: Floyd Joshua 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to make the case for continued opportunity for high levels of human well-being under descent conditions characterised by declining economic throughput and socio-political complexity.

Design/methodology/approach
– Relationships between assumptions about human well-being formed within a modern industrial context, the guiding narratives attending these, and the broader cultural influence of ideas from the evolutionary sciences are examined. Alternative ways of making sense of these relationships are explored. The experiences of societies guided by cultural narratives based on different premises to those most influential in industrial societies are reviewed for their implications for human well-being under descent conditions.

Findings
– Human experiences of well-being are principally a function of the sources of meaning and associated narratives by which members of a culture make sense of their situation, as these determine the nature of the material and energetic conditions required to live well. Under descent conditions, the narrative of progress that has supported viable societies during the 300-year period of industrial expansion is unlikely to continue serving humanity well. Collective participation in the renewal of guiding cultural narratives is a primary target for efforts to provide continued opportunities for high quality of life to all members of humanity.

Practical implications
– The findings point towards specific characteristics of cultural sense-making narratives that may support viable human societies under descent conditions.

Social implications
– By moving beyond the default assumption that descent automatically implies decline in human well-being, a barrier may be lowered to more open and mature society-wide engagement in conversations about the present human predicament and effective ways of responding to it.

Originality/value
– New connections are identified between perspectives based on biological evolutionary theory and the continued influence of the idea of progress in establishing default assumptions about prospects for human well-being under descent conditions. Experiences of non-industrial societies are taken as the basis for identifying opportunities for human well-being under far more modest material and energetic conditions than those available to the portion of humanity that presently enjoys benefits of industrial development that outweigh the attendant costs.
Young offenders with mental health problems in transition
Authors: Campbell Sarah , Abbott Stephen , Simpson Alan 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Disproportionately high numbers of young people in the British criminal justice system also have mental health problems. Relevant services often struggle to meet such complex needs, particularly as children become adults. The purpose of this paper is to discover the qualities of services valued by such young offenders.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured interviews with 15 young offenders with mental health problems.

Findings
– The young people valued continuity and sufficient time to develop trust in staff. From staff who showed concern and respect, and whose approach was informal, young people could accept help, advice and, when necessary, confrontation. They gained insight into themselves and how to modify their behaviour; knowledge about opportunities for work and education; and help with life skills.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample was small and likely to have been skewed towards those who are readiest to engage with services. Young people's views were not compared with their histories or actual service use.

Practical implications
– Other research indicates that helping relationships that demonstrate the qualities that client's value have more successful outcomes than those primarily reflecting professionals’ values. In a time of resource constraints, it seems unlikely that staff will be able to provide more contact and continuity than at present. This would be a precondition of working in accordance with the values of the young people reported here, especially when bridging the discontinuities between children's and adult services.

Originality/value
– Young offenders with mental health problems are rarely given a voice, particularly their views of what helps them.
The Sanctuary Model® and Community Meeting
Authors: Clarke Annaley , Royes Michelle 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the purpose of the Community Meeting and how it fits within the Sanctuary Model®, it will outline the tools theoretical underpinnings and finally how the tool is used in other trauma models specifically Therapeutic Communities.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper draws the key literature together related to the Community Meeting within the Sanctuary Model®, making links to theoretical influences between the Community Meeting, Trauma Theory and Attachment Theory. Finally it provides a comparison of the Community Meeting within Therapeutic Communities and the Sanctuary Model®.

Findings
– The paper detailed how the Community Meeting tool is underpinned by the norms and theories of the Sanctuary Model®. It detailed the direct link between healing from trauma and building attachments to the Community Meeting. It found the similarities of the Community Meeting within both Therapeutic Communities and the Sanctuary Model® in that they always included all participants and occurring regularly in circular groups. However, it noted the distinct differences including in Therapeutic Communities the Community Meeting forms a significant intervention, whereas within the Sanctuary Model®, the Community Meeting supports the broader intervention of the model for all members of the community including staff and clients.

Originality/value
– The Sanctuary Model® is gaining international interest and as such, critical consideration of its theoretical influences, similarities and differences with existing models is critical to understanding the model.
Calcified shadow of hilus pulmonis followed with finger‐in‐glove sign of lingular bronchus on the left side
Authors: Wang Mengmei , Liu Meng , Hu Ke 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTracheobronchial aspiration of foreign body (FB) in adults is not as common as in children. The clinical manifestations are highly variable under different circumstances, considering the state of the patient, the influence of the FB and incipient medical intervention, etc. The lodgement of FB in adults, as in almost all the reports around the world, is dominantly in the right bronchial tree, especially the intermediate and the basal bronchus, because of anatomical reasons. In this case, we reported, a 75‐year‐old woman with a dental piece in her lingular bronchus, not the right side as usual, for at least 10 years had no symptoms or any notice of the aspiration. Surgery and biopsy helped to make definite diagnosis and eventually removal.
Rater agreement of visual lameness assessment in horses during lungeing
Authors: Hammarberg M. , Egenvall A. , Pfau T. , Rhodin M. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyLungeing is an important part of lameness examinations as the circular path may accentuate low‐grade lameness. Movement asymmetries related to the circular path, to compensatory movements and to pain make the lameness evaluation complex. Scientific studies have shown high inter‐rater variation when assessing lameness during straight line movement.ObjectivesThe aim was to estimate inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement of equine veterinarians evaluating lameness from videos of sound and lame horses during lungeing and to investigate the influence of veterinarians’ experience and the objective degree of movement asymmetry on rater agreement.Study designCross‐sectional observational study.MethodsVideo recordings and quantitative gait analysis with inertial sensors were performed in 23 riding horses of various breeds. The horses were examined at trot on a straight line and during lungeing on soft or hard surfaces in both directions. One video sequence was recorded per condition and the horses were classified as forelimb lame, hindlimb lame or sound from objective straight line symmetry measurements. Equine veterinarians (n = 86), including 43 with >5 years of orthopaedic experience, participated in a web‐based survey and were asked to identify the lamest limb on 60 videos, including 10 repeats. The agreements between (inter‐rater) and within (intra‐rater) veterinarians were analysed with κ statistics (Fleiss, Cohen).ResultsInter‐rater agreement κ was 0.31 (0.38/0.25 for experienced/less experienced) and higher for forelimb (0.33) than for hindlimb lameness (0.11) or soundness (0.08) evaluation. Median intra‐rater agreement κ was 0.57.ConclusionsInter‐rater agreement was poor for less experienced raters, and for all raters when evaluating hindlimb lameness. Since identification of the lame limb/limbs is a prerequisite for successful diagnosis, treatment and recovery, the high inter‐rater variation when evaluating lameness on the lunge is likely to influence the accuracy and repeatability of lameness examinations and, indirectly, the efficacy of treatment.
Bactericidal activity of ammonia and monoethanolamine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of various origins
Authors: Pinon A. , Decherf S. , Malet G. , Cupferman S. , Vialette M. 
Published: November 2014

SynopsisObjectiveMicrobiological risk of cosmetic products has to be assessed by the manufacturers to determine whether microbiological testing is required, according to the composition of a given product. The use of certain ingredients in cosmetic formulations will help to create a hostile environment towards microbial growth. In this study, the influence of some cosmetic ingredients on bacterial survival was evaluated.MethodsStrains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which are relevant to cosmetic products given their ability to cause skin infection, were exposed to various concentrations of ammonia or monoethanolamine in culture medium. Microbial strains obtained from collection, clinical or industrial sources were included to assess the possible influence of strain origin.ResultsIncreased concentrations of ammonia or monoethanolamine led to faster and larger reductions in bacterial populations. Staphylococcus aureus proved being more resistant than P. aeruginosa, and ammonia had a stronger impact than monoethanolamine. Strain origin showed a marginal influence on survival.ConclusionConcentrations higher than or equal to 0.5% (v/v) ammonia or 1% (v/v) monoethanolamine were able to completely inactivate bacterial populations (more than 5‐log reduction) in just a few days.
The evaluation of platelet indices and markers of inflammation, coagulation and disease progression in treatment‐naïve, asymptomatic HIV‐infected individuals
Authors: Nkambule B. B. , Davison G. M. , Ipp H. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIntroductionCardiovascular disease and thrombotic events have emerged as major causes of mortality in people living with HIV. Activated platelets play a key role in both inflammation and thrombosis. Haematology analysers measure a variety of platelet indices, which could be surrogate markers of platelet activation. Flow cytometry offers the discrimination of platelet subpopulations and evaluation of the activation status of platelets. This study aimed to measure platelet indices in untreated HIV infection and to evaluate their relationship with markers of immune activation and disease progression.Materials and methodsOne hundred and eighty‐five antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve HIV‐infected and 145 HIV‐negative healthy individuals were recruited. Platelet indices measured using the ADVIA 2120 platform consisted of platelet count (PLT ×109/L), mean platelet volume (MPV fL), platelet distribution width (PDW%) and plateletcrit (PCT%). These were correlated with CD4 count, %CD38 on CD8+ (CD38/8) T cells, viral load, fibrinogen, D‐dimers and CD31+ platelet CD62P and CD36 expression, determined using flow cytometry.ResultsThe HIV group had decreased MPV levels [median 7.7 (7.1–8.3) vs. control group 8.4 (7.8–9.2), P < 0.0001], which correlated with PCT% (r = 0.3038, P = 0.0013), viral load (r = 0.2680, P = 0.0177) and PDW% (r = 0.2479, P = 0.0257). Additionally, the MPV correlated with CD4 count r = −0.2898, P = 0.0075. The HIV group had decreased PDW%, 49.35 (46.40–52.65) vs. control group, 53.90 (50–56.80), P = 0.0170. In addition, the PDW% showed correlations with D‐dimers (r = 0.443, P = 0.03) and %CD36 (r = −0.3666, P = 0.0463).ConclusionPlatelet indices may offer a rapid and affordable method for monitoring platelet activation and disease progression in patients with HIV.
DO INSTITUTIONS AFFECT CITIZENS' SELECTION INTO POLITICS?
Authors: Braendle Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPolitical economy has primarily paid attention to the principal‐agent relationship between citizens and politicians and the role of competition and institutions in disciplining political agents. However, as the electoral control of politicians and the credibility of policy commitments are limited, this perspective needs to be complemented with an economics of political selection that takes into account the heterogeneity in the quality of those elected to political office. We review the emerging literature, which investigates the institutional determinants of political selection. We discuss pay in politics, parties, their candidate selection procedures and electoral rules, institutions enhancing transparency in politics, and institutions which govern dual office holding in different branches of government. We argue that further comparative analyses are essential in order to gain an improved understanding of the impact that institutions have on political outcomes, not only via the channel of accountability, but also via the channel of selection.
The association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis in southern Brazilian adults
Authors: Susin C. , Wagner M. C. , Haas A. N. , Oppermann R. V. , Albandar J. M. 
Published: November 2014

Background and ObjectiveAn association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis has been suggested in the literature, but the evidence is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontitis in a probability sample of adults from south Brazil.Material and MethodsThis analysis included 1115 subjects aged 18–65 years derived from a representative sample from south Brazil. Data were collected from participants from clinical examination and structured interviews. Alcohol consumption was assessed by asking participants about the usual number of drinks consumed in a week. Four categories of alcohol consumption were defined: non‐drinker, ≤ 1 glass/wk, > 1 glass/wk, ≤ 1 glass/d and > 1 glass/d. Individuals with ≥ 30% teeth with periodontal attachment loss ≥ 5 mm were classified as having periodontitis. Logistic models adjusting for age, race, socioeconomic status, dental care, body mass index, self‐reported diabetes and smoking were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsAfter adjusting for co‐factors, females who reported drinking > 1 glass/d were more likely to have periodontitis (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.4–10.1), whereas females who reported drinking up to 1 glass/d were 50% less likely to have periodontitis (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.8). No significant associations between overall alcohol intake and periodontitis were observed for males. In an exploratory analysis, wine consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of periodontitis among males (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1–0.5) but not females.ConclusionThe periodontal health of males and females appears to be affected differently by alcohol consumption. Moderate wine consumption may have a beneficial effect in males.
Detection of a Tadalafil Analogue as an Adulterant in a Dietary Supplement for Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Ulloa Jeronimo , Sambrotta Luis , Redko Flavia , Mazza Osvaldo Nestor , Garrido Gustavo , Becher Edgardo F. , Muschietti Liliana 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several cases of adulteration of dietary supplements with tadalafil, sildenafil, and vardenafil, or their unapproved analogues have been reported worldwide. Mainly, the presence of the latter represents a serious health risk to consumers as their efficacy and toxic effects have not been assessed and may result in unpredictable adverse effects.

Aim
To investigate the suspected adulteration with synthetic phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors in a dietary supplement marketed in Argentina for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods
The content of the capsules of the dietary supplement (sample A) was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) diode-array detection. From the organic extract of sample A, a major compound was purified by column chromatography (CC). The isolated compound was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and carbon NMR (13C NMR), heteronuclear single quantum coherence, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT 135), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet, and infrared (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectroscopy.

Main Outcome Measure
Proof of adulteration of herbal products with synthetic PDE-5 inhibitors.

Results
By TLC and HPLC analysis, a major compound was detected in sample A organic extract. The purification of this extract by CC led to the isolation of a pure compound which was identified according to its spectral data as (6R,12aR)-2-amino-6-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino [1′,2′:1,6] pyrido [3,4-b] indole-1,4-dione or aminotadalafil.

Conclusions
An unapproved PDE-5 inhibitor analogue, which was identified as aminotadalafil, has been detected in a dietary supplement. This study represents the first report in Latin America and one of the few independent studies of an adulteration with an unapproved PDE-5 inhibitor of an herbal product for ED treatment.
Autoantibodies to red blood cell antigens occur frequently with hemolysis among pediatric small bowel transplant recipients: Clinical implications and management
Authors: Koepsell Scott A. , Grant Wendy , Landmark James D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReports have linked pediatric solid organ transplant recipients with the development of hemolytic autoimmune antibodies, especially in the setting of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus. This study aims to identify whether these observations also occurred at an institution that frequently performs pediatric multivisceral transplants and to characterize the treatment and outcome. Chart review was performed on all patients with RBC autoantibodies. Laboratory and clinical data were used to identify hemolysis. For transplant recipients with RBC autoantibodies, the type of transplant and outcome of the AIHA were profiled. One hundred twenty‐eight patients were identified with RBC autoantibodies, of which 22 patients were solid organ transplant recipients, including 18 SB graft recipients. Sixteen of the 18 had evidence of hemolysis. The incidence rate of AIHA in this population is estimated to be 10%, resulting in significant cost. Treatment included immunosuppressant modulation, steroids, IVIG, and plasma exchange, with 12 of the 16 patients responding. RBC autoantibodies occur in up to 10% in pediatric SB transplant recipients, with high cost of obtaining compatible blood. Neither tacrolimus nor receipts of a donor spleen were associated with the development of AIHA. Treatment using steroids and IVIG appears to be effective.
A nipple‐valve technique for ureteroneocystostomy in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Van Arendonk Kyle J. , Goldstein Seth D. , Salazar Jose H. , Kumar Komal , Lau Henry T. , Colombani Paul M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation can be performed with a variety of techniques. Over a 20‐yr period, we utilized a technique of nipple‐valve ureteroneocystostomy for the pediatric kidney transplants performed at our institution. The distal ureter is everted upon itself and anchored in place with four interrupted sutures to create a nipple valve, which is then inserted into the bladder and sewn mucosa‐to‐mucosa with the same sutures. The muscularis layer is closed around the ureter without tunneling and without routine ureteral stenting. After 109 transplants, patient survival was 97.2, 97.2, and 86.9% at one, five, and 10 yr, respectively. Graft survival was 91.7, 71.7, and 53.9% at one, five, and 10 yr, respectively. The most common cause of graft loss was acute or chronic rejection, seen in 75% of those experiencing graft loss. Two patients (1.8%) developed pyelonephritis in the transplanted kidney. Nipple‐valve ureteroneocystostomy in pediatric kidney transplantation is a safe and simple method for performing the ureterovesical anastomosis with a low rate of pyelonephritis after transplantation.
Ancient Near Eastern Royal Rituals
Authors: Ambos Claus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article deals with royal rituals from the Ancient Near East, focusing on the evidence from cuneiform sources from Babylonia and Assyria from the first millennium BCE. I will present rituals of coronation and investiture, which can be reconstructed from various text genres, such as epics, hymns or ritual handbooks. Royal investiture was not performed only at the beginning of the king's reign, but took place regularly during the festivals of the cultic calendar, particularly during the New Year's festivals in Spring and Fall. The king, albeit considered a superhuman being by the Mesopotamians, was nevertheless prone to illness. Illness was caused, according to Ancient Near Eastern ideas, by divine wrath and the alienation of a person from his or her protective deities. Thus, sickness was treated, among other cures, by rituals to bring about the reconciliation of the patient with the divine sphere. The performance of healing rituals for the kings of the Neo‐Assyrian empire is well attested from a comprehensive correspondence of kings Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal with their ritual experts, diviners and physicians. An example from this correspondence will be presented in this contribution.
Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of calliper‐based lymph node measurement in dogs with peripheral nodal lymphomas
Authors: Childress M. O. , Fulkerson C. M. , Lahrman S. A. , Weng H.‐Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess reliability of lymph node measurements between and within raters in dogs with nodal lymphomas. Three raters measured lymph nodes from 20 dogs twice prior to and once after administering chemotherapy. Sum tumour volume (TV) and sum longest diameter (LD) of all lymph nodes at each time point, and the percent change in measurements following chemotherapy, were calculated for each dog. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability were assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ICC for inter‐rater sum TV and sum LD prior to chemotherapy were 0.86 and 0.80, respectively. ICC for inter‐rater sum TV and sum LD after chemotherapy were 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. ICC for percent change in sum TV and sum LD were 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. ICC for intra‐rater reliability ranged from 0.90 to 0.98 for each rater. Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability in measurements among the three raters was good to excellent.