bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of large river restoration on currently used bioindicators and alternative metrics
Authors: Dolédec Sylvain , Forcellini Maxence , Olivier Jean‐Michel , Roset Nicolas 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Data‐rich restoration experiments offer opportunities to test the ability of bioassessment tools, such as those currently used to assess the ‘ecological status’ of waterbodies targeted by the European Water Framework Directive, to detect observed ecological changes.

Minimum flow increases in four regulated reaches of the French Rhône River modified the invertebrate and fish communities in a predictable way, as detailed in other articles of this Special Issue. We tested the ability of several fish and macroinvertebrate metrics currently used in bioassessment to detect these changes. In addition, we considered changes in metrics that are expected to respond specifically to flow increase. These metrics were related to the habitat requirements of species, the ecological specialisation of communities and the abundance of macroinvertebrate functional groups (seen as surrogates for ecosystem attributes).

For invertebrate communities, bioassessment metrics based on richness had equivocal responses to restoration and the Potamon‐Type Index demonstrated no or contradictory responses to restoration. The French biotic index was not sensitive to restoration and instead depicted spatial differences in biological quality. For fish communities, the French fish index was marginally sensitive in the reach with the largest minimum flow increase and some of its metrics were sensitive in other reaches.

Contrasting with commonly used bioassessment indices and metrics, several metrics related to habitat requirements appropriately indicated the observed changes in community structure. Large flow changes increased the proportion of fish and macroinvertebrate individuals with preferences for midstream habitats, fast currents, deep waters and/or coarse substrates. However, these changes did not translate into the expected increase in ecological specialisation. In addition, functional metrics indicated that restoration led to higher proportions of grazers and higher availability of suspended food for filtering collectors, suggesting a return to the ecological conditions of a large river.

The mixed and potentially contradictory responses of the different metrics confirm the difficulty of establishing benchmarks for ecological indicators in large‐regulated rivers and the need to design appropriate bioassessment metrics.
Community‐Based Groundwater Monitoring Network Using a Citizen‐Science Approach
Authors: Little Kathleen E. , Hayashi Masaki , Liang Steve 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWater level monitoring provides essential information about the condition of aquifers and their responses to water extraction, land‐use change, and climatic variability. It is important to have a spatially distributed, long‐term monitoring well network for sustainable groundwater resource management. Community‐based monitoring involving citizen scientists provides an approach to complement existing government‐run monitoring programs. This article demonstrates the feasibility of establishing a large‐scale water level monitoring network of private water supply wells using an example from Rocky View County (3900 km2) in Alberta, Canada. In this network, community volunteers measure the water level in their wells, and enter these data through a web‐based data portal, which allows the public to view and download these data. The close collaboration among the university researchers, county staff members, and community volunteers enabled the successful implementation and operation of the network for a 5‐year pilot period, which generated valuable data sets. The monitoring program was accompanied by education and outreach programs, in which the educational materials on groundwater were developed in collaboration with science teachers from local schools. The methodology used in this study can be easily adopted by other municipalities and watershed stewardship groups interested in groundwater monitoring. As governments are starting to rely increasingly on local municipalities and conservation authorities for watershed management and planning, community‐based groundwater monitoring provides an effective and affordable tool for sustainable water resources management.
Prognostic factors in patients with penile carcinoma and inguinal lymph node metastasis
Authors: da Costa Walter Henriques , Rosa de Oliveira Renato Almeida , Santana Thiago Borges , Benigno Bruno Santos , da Cunha Isabela Werneck , de Cássio Zequi Stênio , Guimaraes Gustavo Cardoso , Lopes Ademar 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo identify prognostic factors in patients with penile carcinoma and confirmed lymph node metastasis.MethodsPatients were selected from a historical series of patients with penile carcinoma. An experienced pathologist reviewed all cases. Information regarding the total number of lymph nodes excised, the number of positive lymph nodes and the presence of extranodal extension were used. Lymph node ratio was categorized as <0.15 and >0.15.ResultsThe 5‐year recurrence‐free survival and disease‐specific survival rates were 55.3% and 64.1%, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion, lymph node ratio and pN status influenced survival rates in univariate analysis. Lymphovascular invasion and lymph node ratio remained as independent predictors of disease‐specific survival and recurrence‐free survival in the multivariate analysis. A risk stratification of death and tumor recurrence was observed when patients were grouped into three categories: absence of risk factors; the presence of one risk factor; and the presence of two or more risk factors.ConclusionsThe presence of one or more of the following parameters is correlated with a significantly higher risk of death and tumor recurrence in patients with penile carcinoma and inguinal lymph node metastasis: extranodal extension, lymph node ratio >0.15 and lymphovascular invasion.
Being reflexive in qualitative grounded theory: discussion and application of a model of reflexivity
Authors: Engward Hilary , Davis Geraldine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimA discussion of the meaning of reflexivity in research with the presentation of examples of how a model of reflexivity was used in a grounded theory research project.BackgroundReflexivity requires the researcher to make transparent the decisions they make in the research process and is therefore important in developing quality in nursing research. The importance of being reflexive is highlighted in the literature in relation to nursing research, however, practical guidance as to how to go about doing research reflexively is not always clearly articulated.DesignThis is a discussion paper.Data sourcesThe concept of reflexivity in research is explored using the Alvesson and Skoldberg model of reflexivity and practical examples of how a researcher developed reflexivity in a grounded theory project are presented.Implications for nursingNurse researchers are encouraged to explore and apply the concept of reflexivity in their research practices to develop transparency in the research process and to increase robustness in their research. The Alvesson and Skoldberg model is of value in applying reflexivity in qualitative nursing research, particularly in grounded theory research.ConclusionBeing reflexive requires the researcher to be completely open about decisions that are made in the research process. The Alvesson and Skolberg model of reflexivity is a useful model that can enhance reflexivity in the research process. It can be a useful practical tool to develop reflexivity in grounded theory research.
Pandemic influenza: an evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Devereaux Alana 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper was to provide a concept analysis of ‘pandemic influenza’.BackgroundPandemic influenza can have a devastating impact as individuals have little to no immunity towards the newly encountered virus. It is a persistent societal threat due to the advancement of multiple technological processes. Nurses work in multiple roles in pandemics. As such, a thorough understanding of the concept and its implications from a nursing perspective is required.DesignRodgers’ Evolutionary Method was used to conduct the concept analysis of the term ‘pandemic influenza’.Data sourcesForty‐nine papers were examined from the disciplines of public health, medicine, law, bioethics and healthcare policy. Papers were found from the PubMed,CINAHLand Google Scholar databases all dates up to December 2013. Limits were set to include peer‐reviewed, English language articles.MethodsIdentified papers were critically analyzed to explore the concept's antecedents, attributes and consequences. Surrogate and related terms, and an exemplar, were identified.ResultsAttributes of pandemic include original viral structure, increased human susceptibility, younger vulnerable populations and unpredictable time frames. Antecedents include processes that enable the increased geographical transmission of a newly created influenza. Consequences include higher morbidity and mortality rates and the need for an efficient pandemic response.ConclusionsThis analysis identified the attributes of pandemic influenza through a synthesis of the current pandemic literature. However, no articles were identified as specifically nursing in nature. Therefore, more research is required to examine the impact of a pandemic declaration on the nursing profession.
Systematic Reviews of the Health or Health care of People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review to Identify Gaps in the Evidence Base
Authors: Robertson Janet , Hatton Chris , Baines Susannah , Emerson Eric 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundSystematic reviews are important in evaluating evidence concerning the health of people with intellectual disabilities. This study conducts a systematic review to identify strengths and gaps in this evidence.MethodElectronic literature searches and email requests identified systematic reviews published in English from 2008 to 2013 on the health or health care of people with intellectual disabilities. Reviews were categorized using ICD‐10 chapter headings and information extracted regarding methods, number of studies reviewed and findings.ResultsNinety‐four reviews were identified: 52 related to ICD‐10 Chapter V: Mental or behavioural disorders, 28 to Chapter XXI: Factors influencing health status and contact with services, and 14 related to other chapters or encompassed multiple chapters. Nine reviews were ‘empty’. No reviews were found for many ICD‐10 chapter headings.ConclusionsSystematic reviews are heavily weighted towards mental health, with little coverage of several areas important to the health and mortality of people with intellectual disabilities.
Novel mechanism of cardiac protection by valsartan: synergetic roles of TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α in Ang II‐mediated fibrosis after myocardial infarction
Authors: Sui Xizhong , Wei Hongchao , Wang Dacheng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 is a known factor in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐mediated cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI). Hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (Hif‐1α) was recently demonstrated to involve in the tissue fibrosis and influenced by Ang II. However, whether Hif‐1α contributed to the Ang II‐mediated cardiac fibrosis after MI, and whether interaction or synergetic roles between Hif‐1α and TGF‐β pathways existed in the process was unclear. In vitro, cardiac cells were incubated under hypoxia or Ang II to mimic ischaemia. In vivo, valsartan was intravenously injected into Sprague–Dawley rats with MI daily for 1 week; saline and hydralazine (another anti‐hypertensive agent like valsartan) was used as control. The fibrosis‐related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Cardiac structure and function were assessed with multimodality methods. We demonstrated in vitro that hypoxia would induce the up‐regulation of Ang II, TGF‐β/Smad and Hif‐1α, which further induced collagen accumulation. By blocking with valsartan, a blocker of Ang II type I (AT1) receptor, we confirmed that the up‐regulation of TGF‐β/Smad and Hif‐1α was through the Ang II‐mediated pathway. By administering TGF‐β or dimethyloxalylglycine, we determined that both TGF‐β/Smad and Hif‐1α contributed to Ang II‐mediated collagen accumulation and a synergetic effect between them was observed. Consistent with in vitro results, valsartan significantly attenuated the expression of TGF‐β/Smad, Hif‐1α and fibrosis‐related protein in rats after MI. Heart function, infarcted size, wall thickness as well as myocardial vascularization of ischaemic hearts were also significantly improved by valsartan compared with saline and hydralazine. Our study may provide novel insights into the mechanisms of Ang II‐induced cardiac fibrosis as well as into the cardiac protection of valsartan.
Prognostic role of the CDNK1B V109G polymorphism in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Circelli Luisa , Ramundo Valeria , Marotta Vincenzo , Sciammarella Concetta , Marciello Francesca , Del Prete Michela , Sabatino Lina , Pasquali Daniela , Izzo Francesco , Scala Stefania , Colao Annamaria , Faggiano Antongiulio , Colantuoni Vittorio ,   the Multidisciplinary Group for NeuroEndocrine Tumours of Naples
Published: March 2015

AbstractCDKN1B encodes the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27/Kip1. CDKN1B mutations and polymorphisms are involved in tumorigenesis; specifically, the V109G single nucleotide polymorphism has been linked to different tumours with controversial results. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by the development of different types of neuroendocrine tumours and increased incidence of other malignancies. A clear genotype–phenotype correlation in MEN1 has not been established yet. In this study, we assessed whether the CDKN1B V109G polymorphism was associated with the development of aggressive tumours in 55 consecutive patients affected by MEN1. The polymorphism was investigated by PCR amplification of germline DNA followed by direct sequencing. Baseline and follow‐up data of tumour types and their severity were collected and associated with the genetic data. MEN1‐related aggressive and other malignant tumours of any origin were detected in 16.1% of wild‐type and 33.3% of polymorphism allele‐bearing patients (P = NS). The time interval between birth and the first aggressive tumour was significantly shorter in patients with the CDKN1B V109G polymorphism (median 46 years) than in those without (median not reached; P = 0.03). Similarly, shorter was the time interval between MEN1 diagnosis and age of the first aggressive tumour (P = 0.02). Overall survival could not be estimated as 96% patients were still alive at the time of the study. In conclusion, CDKN1B V109G polymorphism seems to play a role in the development of aggressive tumours in MEN1.
CXCR4 attenuates cardiomyocytes mitochondrial dysfunction to resist ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Cai Wen‐Feng , Kang Kai , Huang Wei , Liang Jia‐Liang , Feng Yu‐Liang , Liu Guan‐Sheng , Chang De‐Hua , Wen Zhi‐Li , Paul Christian , Xu Meifeng , Millard Ronald W. , Wang Yigang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed on native cardiomyocytes and can modulate isolated cardiomyocyte contractility. This study examines the role of CXCR4 in cardiomyocyte response to ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Isolated adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate I/R injury. In response to H/R injury, the decrease in CXCR4 expression was associated with dysfunctional energy metabolism indicated by an increased adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) ratio. CXCR4‐overexpressing cardiomyocytes were used to determine whether such overexpression (OE) can prevent bio‐energetic disruption‐associated cell death. CXCR4 OE was performed with adenoviral infection with CXCR4 encoding‐gene or non‐translated nucleotide sequence (Control). The increased CXCR4 expression was observed in cardiomyocytes post CXCR4‐adenovirus transduction and this OE significantly reduced the cardiomyocyte contractility under basal conditions. Although the same extent of H/R‐provoked cytosolic calcium overload was measured, the hydrogen peroxide‐induced decay of mitochondrial membrane potential was suppressed in CXCR4 OE group compared with control group, and the mitochondrial swelling was significantly attenuated in CXCR4 group, implicating that CXCR4 OE prevents permeability transition pore opening exposure to overload calcium. Interestingly, this CXCR4‐induced mitochondrial protective effect is associated with the enhanced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (expression in mitochondria. Consequently, in the presence of H/R, mitochondrial dysfunction was mitigated and cardiomyocyte death was decreased to 65% in the CXCR4 OE group as compared with the control group. I/R injury leads to the reduction in CXCR4 in cardiomyocytes associated with the dysfunctional energy metabolism, and CXCR4 OE can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction to improve cardiomyocyte survival.
Cardiosome mediated regulation of MMP9 in diabetic heart: role of mir29b and mir455 in exercise
Authors: Chaturvedi Pankaj , Kalani Anuradha , Medina Ilza , Familtseva Anastasia , Tyagi Suresh C 
Published: March 2015

Abstract‘Cardiosomes’ (exosomes from cardiomyocytes) have recently emerged as nanovesicles (30–100 nm) released in the cardiosphere by myocytes and cardiac progenitor cells, though their role in diabetes remains elusive. Diabetic cardiovascular complications are unequivocally benefitted from exercise; however, the molecular mechanisms need exploration. This novel study is based on our observation that exercise brings down the levels of activated (Matrix Metalloprotease 9) in db/db mice in a model of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that exosomes that are released during exercise contain microRNAs (mir455, mir29b, mir323‐5p and mir466) that bind to the 3′ region of MMP9 and downregulate its expression, hence mitigating the deleterious downstream effects of MMP9, which causes extracellular matrix remodeling. First, we confirmed the presence of exosomes in the heart tissue and serum by electron microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively, in the four treatment groups: (i) db/control, (ii) db/control+exercise, (iii) db/db and (iv) db/db+exercise. Use of exosomal markers CD81, Flottilin 1, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the isolated exosomes confirmed enhanced exosomal release in the exercise group. The microRNAs isolated from the exosomes contained mir455, mir29b, mir323‐5p and mir466 as quantified by qRTPCR, however, mir29b and mir455 showed highest upregulation. We performed 2D zymography which revealed significantly lowered activity of MMP9 in the db/db exercise group as compared to non‐exercise group. The immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed the downregulated expression of MMP9 after exercise. Since MMP9 is involved in matrix degradation and leads to fibrosis and myocyte uncoupling, the present study provides a strong evidence how exercise can mitigate these conditions in diabetic patients.
Behaviour of geochronometers and timing of metamorphic reactions during deformation at lower crustal conditions: phase equilibrium modelling and U–Pb dating of zircon, monazite, rutile and titanite from the Kalak Nappe Complex, northern Norway
Authors: Gasser D. , Jeřábek P. , Faber C. , Stünitz H. , Menegon L. , Corfu F. , Erambert M. , Whitehouse M. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the behaviour of the geochronometers zircon, monazite, rutile and titanite in polyphase lower crustal rocks of the Kalak Nappe Complex, northern Norway. A pressure–temperature–time–deformation path is constructed by combining microstructural observations with P–T conditions derived from phase equilibrium modelling and U–Pb dating. The following tectonometamorphic evolution is deduced: A subvertical S1 fabric formed at ~730–775 °C and ~6.3–9.8 kbar, above the wet solidus in the sillimanite and kyanite stability fields. The event is dated at 702 ± 5 Ma by high‐U zircon in a leucosome. Monazite grains that grew in the S1 fabric show surprisingly little variation in chemical composition compared to a large spread in (concordant) U–Pb dates from c. 800 to 600 Ma. This age spread could either represent protracted growth of monazite during high‐grade metamorphism, or represent partially reset ages due to high‐T diffusion. Both cases imply that elevated temperatures of >600 °C persisted for over c. 200 Ma, indicating relatively static conditions at lower crustal levels for most of the Neoproterozoic. The S1 fabric was overprinted by a subhorizontal S2 fabric, which formed at ~600–660 °C and ~10–12 kbar. Rutile that originally grew during the S1‐forming event lost its Zr‐in‐rutile and U–Pb signatures during the S2‐forming event. It records Zr‐in‐rutile temperatures of 550–660 °C and Caledonian ages of 440–420 Ma. Titanite grew at the expense of rutile at slightly lower temperatures of ~550 °C during ongoing S2 deformation; U–Pb ages of c. 440–430 Ma date its crystallization, giving a minimum estimate for the age of Caledonian metamorphism and the duration of Caledonian shearing. This study shows that (i) monazite can have a large spread in U–Pb dates despite a homogeneous composition; (ii) rutile may lose its Zr‐in‐rutile and U–Pb signature during an amphibolite facies overprint; and (iii) titanite may record crystallization ages during retrograde shearing. Therefore, in order to correctly interpret U–Pb ages from different geochronometers in a polyphase deformation and reaction history, they are ideally combined with microstructural observations and phase equilibrium modelling to derive a complete P–T–t–d path.
Class II functional orthopaedic treatment: a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: D'Antò V. , Bucci R. , Franchi L. , Rongo R. , Michelotti A. , Martina R. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis Systematic Review (SR) aims to assess the quality of SRs and Meta‐Analyses (MAs) on functional orthopaedic treatment of Class II malocclusion and to summarise and rate the reported effects. Electronic and manual searches were conducted until June 2014. SRs and MAs focusing on the effects of functional orthopaedic treatment of Class II malocclusion in growing patients were included. The methodological quality of the included papers was assessed using the AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews). The design of the primary studies included in each SR was assessed with Level of Research Design scoring. The evidence of the main outcomes was summarised and rated according to a scale of statements. 14 SRs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The appliances evaluated were as follows: Activator (2 studies), Twin Block (4 studies), headgear (3 studies), Herbst (2 studies), Jasper Jumper (1 study), Bionator (1 study) and Fränkel‐2 (1 study). Four studies reviewed several functional appliances, as a group. The mean AMSTAR score was 6 (ranged 2–10). Six SRs included only controlled clinical trials (CCTs), three SRs included only randomised controlled trials (RCTs), four SRs included both CCTs and RCTs and one SR included also expert opinions. There was some evidence of reduction of the overjet, with different appliances except from headgear; there was some evidence of small maxillary growth restrain with Twin Block and headgear; there was some evidence of elongation of mandibular length, but the clinical relevance of this results is still questionable; there was insufficient evidence to determine an effect on soft tissues.