bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The modified 5-item frailty index as a predictor of perioperative risk in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Chaker Kays , Ouanes Yassine , Marrak Mahdi , Gharbia Nader , Rahoui Moez , Mosbahi Boutheina , Bibi Mokhtar , Chedly Wassim Ben , Nouira Yassine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The modified 5-item frailty index is a relatively new tool to assess the post-operative complication risks. In urology, there is limited literature on the impact of frailty on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes. We aimed to compare the predictive value of the modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) to identify high risk patients prior to PCNL.

Methods
A database of patients undergoing PCNL, between 2015 and 2022, was analyzed. Patient frailty was assessed using the mFI-5 index. The mFI-5 index was calculated based on the presence of the five co-morbidities: congestive heart failure within 30 days prior to surgery, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, partially dependent or totally dependent functional health status at time of surgery, and hypertension requiring medication. Patients were grouped as not frail (mFI-5 = 0), intermediate (mFI-5 = 1), and severely frail (mFI-5 ≥ 2). Primary outcomes were 30-day postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization: total hospital length of stay, reoperation, and unplanned readmission.

Results
From a total of 320 PCNL patients included for analysis, 54.06% (n = 173) were not frail, 17.81% (n = 57) were intermediate, and 28.12% (n = 90) were severely frail. Frail patients were likely to be older (p = 0.002) and have a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (p = 0.001), chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001). Patients of intermediate or severe frailty were more likely to exhibit postoperative sepsis (p = 0.042), significant blood loss (p = 0.036) and require intensive care units admissions (p = 0.0015). Frail patients had a longer hospital length of stay (p < 0.001) and tended to require reoperation (p = 0.001), and unplanned readmission (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Frailty assessment appears useful in stratifying those at risk of extended hospitalization, septic and hemorrhagic complications, readmission, or reoperation after PCNL. Preoperative assessment of frailty phenotype may give insight into treatment decisions and assist surgeons in counselling patients on expected course and hospital stay following PCNL.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its protective effects against colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 26 studies with 2,217,404 participants
Authors: Ungvari Zoltan , Fekete Mónika , Fekete János Tibor , Grosso Giuseppe , Ungvari Anna , Győrffy Balázs 
Published: August 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern and represents a significant public health challenge in Hungary, where it exhibits some of the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the European Union. The Mediterranean diet has been suggested to reduce the incidence of CRC, but comprehensive evidence from diverse study designs is needed to substantiate this effect. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, CENTRAL, and the Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials and human clinical trials from 2008 to 2024 to identify relevant studies. Statistical analysis was performed using the https://metaanalysisonline.com web application using a random effects model to estimate the pooled hazard rates (HRs). Forest plots, funnel plots, and Z-score plots were utilized to visualize results. We identified 15 clinical trials and 9 case–control studies, encompassing a total of 2,217,404 subjects. The pooled analysis indicated that adherence to the Mediterranean diet significantly reduced the prevalence of CRC (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.78–0.91, p < 0.01). This protective effect was consistent across sexes, with HRs of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.75–0.97, p = 0.01) for males and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.79–0.99, p = 0.03) for females. Case–control studies specifically showed a substantial effect (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.38–0.68, p < 0.01). Notable heterogeneity was observed across studies, yet the a priori information size was substantially below the cumulative sample size, ensuring sufficient data for reliable conclusions. The findings from this meta-analysis reinforce the protective role of the Mediterranean diet against CRC. The results of this meta-analysis will inform dietary interventions designed to mitigate CRC risk, which are conducted within the framework of the Semmelweis Study, an ongoing comprehensive cohort study at Semmelweis University, designed to explore the multifaceted causes of unhealthy aging in Hungary. These interventions aim to explore the practical application of Mediterranean dietary patterns in reducing CRC incidence among the Hungarian population.
Fundamental characterization of lubrication effects through various cooling lubricants in the chip formation zone
Authors: Biermann D. , Saelzer J. , Bergmann B. , Schenzel J. , Menze C. J. , Gerken J. F. , Wolf T. , Denkena B. , Möhring H.-C. , Zabel A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using cooling lubricants in metalworking requires a high consumption of energy and resources. However, cooling lubricants serve to increase the productivity and quality of these processes. Accordingly, it is necessary to expand the efficiency of their application. This requires fundamental understanding of the working mechanisms. Driven by this motivation, this publication compares six cooling lubricants regarding their lubrication effect in orthogonal cutting. Three types of fluid supply, each conducted on a specific special machine tool for chip formation analysis, and two cutting speeds have been used in the tests. In order to analyze the lubricating effect of these different scenarios, force measurements were carried out and the chip formation was recorded with high-speed recordings. It was found that the process improvements due to lubrication is determined by the interaction of fluid properties, supply strategy and cutting speed. Moreover, clear limitations of water-based cooling lubricants (especially oil-water-emulsions) in the ability to lubricate the chip formation zone have been determined and quantified.
A survey of women diagnosed with breast cancer experiencing oncology treatment–induced hot flushes: identification of specific characteristics as predictors of hot flush occurrence, frequency, and severity
Authors: Gallagher Susan , Johnstone Alice , De Livera Alysha , Marsh Deborah J. , Walsh Sean 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
More women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) are living with oncology treatment–induced hot flushes (HFs). This Australian-based survey explores why some women experience more severe or ongoing HF and whether specific population characteristics are predictive of HF occurrence, frequency, and/or severity.

Methods
A non-probabilistic anonymous survey distributed online (Register4) and two Australian hospitals collected demographic and clinical information. Eligibility was consenting Australian-based women, 18 years and over, with a primary BC diagnosis. Analysis included linear and logistic regression models.

Results
A total of 324 survey responses were analyzed. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy were each associated with HF occurrence (aOR = 2.92, 95% CI [1.27, 6.70], p = 0.01; and aOR = 7.50, 95% CI [3.02, 18.62], p < 0.001) and in combination (aOR = 5.98, 95% CI [2.61, 13.69], p < 0.001). Increased self-reported anxiety at BC diagnosis was significantly associated with HF frequency and severity scores (aCO = 0.71, 95% CI [0.31, 1.12], p = 0.001; and aCO = 0.44, 95% CI [0.33, 0.55], p < 0.001). Postmenopausal women had significantly lower HF severity and frequency scores than premenopausal women (aCO = −0.93, 95% CI [−1.62, −0.25], p = 0.008; and aCO = −2.62, 95% CI [−5.14, −0.11], p = 0.041).

Conclusions
Women with BC receiving chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy and premenopausal or experiencing elevated anxiety and/or stress will likely experience more severe oncology treatment–related HFs.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
HFs continue across the BC treatment trajectory with women >5-year survivorship still reporting life impacts, with premenopausal women at the time of BC diagnosis at higher risk of experiencing severe and more frequent oncology treatment-induced HFs than postmenopausal women. Women at high risk require information on methods to moderate HF potential life impacts and maintain treatment compliance.
Antibiosis in small grain cereals against the rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Saska Pavel , Skuhrovec Jiří 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResistance against aphids is an integrated pest management tactic that enhances the economic and environmental sustainability of cereal production. The aim of our study was to assess the degree of antibiosis against Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), one of the most important cereal aphids in temperate regions, in two lines of small grain cereals bred in the Crop Research Institute (CRI) of Prague: spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Rufia’, and germplasm of durum wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren ‘TTD40363’, under controlled laboratory conditions. Resistant spring wheat cultivar (‘Libertina’) and highly susceptible spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Sebastian’) were used for reference. The responses of M. dirhodum to each line and population growth projections were determined according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. We found that Rufia was susceptible and TTD40363 was rather resistant to M. dirhodum. The projected population sizes after 35 days were ~ 41,000 individuals in spring wheat Rufia and ~ 12,000 in durum wheat TTD40363, which is within the range delimited by the reference cultivars (4,000 in the highly resistant spring wheat Libertina and 77,500 in highly susceptible spring barley Sebastian). This study provides new data on small grain cereal resistance to aphids. An age-stage, two-sex life table approach was used to assess resistance to aphids on durum wheat and barley for the first time.
Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using ZnO/biochar nanocomposite derived from banana peels
Authors: Eswaran Prabakaran , Madasamy Priya Dharshini , Pillay Kriveshini , Brink Hendrik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study describes the preparation of zinc oxide nanocomposite and its application as photocatalyst in the degradation of methylene blue under sunlight irradiation. Zinc oxide-coated biochar (ZnO/BC) nanocomposite was prepared using the hydrothermal method from banana peels and zinc acetate dihydrate as precursors. The biochar (BC), ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and ZnO/BC nanocomposite were characterized, and the results showed that ZnONPs had definite crystallinity and a regular surface morphology, with particles approximately 18 nm in size, and a XRD pattern corresponding to ZnONPs. In contrast, the ZnO/BC nanocomposite exhibited a more amorphous structure consistent with wurtzite (ZnO) and an irregular surface morphology with clusters of white particles measuring around 20–30 nm. Tauc’s plot was used to calculate the band gaps energy of ZnONPs (3.04 eV) and ZnO/BC nanocomposite (2.89 eV). Catalyst-free, ZnONPs, and ZnO/BC nanocomposite were utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation for 0 to 120 min in which ZnO/BC nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic degradation of MB under sunlight irradiation at 0 to 120 min due to lower band gap energy and synergetic effect between ZnO and BC. Dosages of 100 mg (ZnO/BC nanocomposite) and 10 ppm (MB) were optimized to obtain the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency (92 %) under sunlight irradiation with 0 to 120 min. The process was conducted with various parameters like dosage variation, concentration of MB, and different pH 3, 5, 8, and 10 to improve the photocatalytic degradation of MB from wastewater. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for the photocatalytic degradation of MB (92% after 120 min) were a catalyst dosage of 100 mg, an MB concentration of 10 ppm, and a pH of 10. This work demonstrates the potential of ZnO/BC nanocomposite photocatalyst for application in wastewater treatment and environment remediation.
Investigation of nutrition status and analysis of 180-day readmission factors in elderly hospitalized patients with COPD
Authors: Liu Huan , Song Jingsi , Wang Zhiqiang , Wu Songze , Qiu Shi , Chen Benhui , Rao Zhiyong , Jing Xiaofan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Malnutrition is prevalent among elderly patients with COPD, who also experience a high rate of readmission. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the nutrition status of these patients, identify risk factors for readmission, and offer insights for clinical management. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate factors influencing nutrition status using GLIM criteria and explore the 180-day readmission factors among hospitalized elderly COPD patients.

Methords and results
The data were collected from a hospital in Southwest China, encompassing a cohort of 319 eligible patients. Among elderly hospitalized COPD patients, the prevalence of malnutrition was 49.53% (158/319). Multivariate logistic regression revealed malnutrition (OR = 3.184), very severe airway obstruction (OR = 3.735), and Number of comorbidities ≥ 3 (OR = 5.754) as significant risk factors for 180-day readmission.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that malnutrition is a prevalent issue among elderly hospitalized patients with COPD and constitutes one of the risk factors contributing to the 180-day readmission rate. Therefore, timely identification and treatment for malnourished patients are crucial.
Monte Carlo Simulation, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-based Modelling and Optimization of Three-dimensional Electrochemical Treatment of Xenobiotic Dye Wastewater
Authors: Ganthavee Voravich , Fernando Merenghege M. R. , Trzcinski Antoine P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates the synergistic performance of the three-dimensional electrochemical process to decolourise methyl orange (MO) dye pollutant from xenobiotic textile wastewater. The textile dye was treated using electrochemical technique with strong oxidizing potential, and additional adsorption technology was employed to effectively remove dye pollutants from wastewater. Approximately 98% of MO removal efficiency was achieved using 15 mA/cm2 of current density, 3.62 kWh/kg of energy consumption and 79.53% of current efficiency. The 50 mg/L MO pollutant was rapidly mineralized with a half-life of 4.66 min at a current density of 15 mA/cm2. Additionally, graphite intercalation compound (GIC) was electrically polarized in the three-dimensional electrochemical reactor to enhance the direct electrooxidation and.OH generation, thereby improving synergistic treatment efficiency. Decolourisation of MO-polluted wastewater was optimized by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) algorithms. Statistical metrics indicated the superiority of the model followed this order: ANN > RF > SVM > Multiple regression. The optimization results of the process parameters by artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) approaches showed that a current density of 15 mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 30 min and initial MO concentration of 50 mg/L were the best operating parameters to maintain current and energy efficiencies of the electrochemical reactor. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analysis showed that ANN yielded the best prediction efficiency with the lowest uncertainty and variability level, whereas the predictive outcome of random forest was slightly better.

Highlights
• In-depth analysis of various artificial intelligence optimization techniques.
• Prediction efficiency of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms.
• 98% dye removal and 100% regeneration of graphite intercalation compound.
• Advanced statistical analysis of targeted responses and data fitting techniques.
• Analysis of uncertainties and variability using Monte Carlo simulation.
Injectable Nanorobot-Hydrogel Superstructure for Hemostasis and Anticancer Therapy of Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Chen Qing , Yan Miao , Hu Annan , Liang Bing , Lu Hongwei , Zhou Lei , Ma Yiqun , Jia Chao , Su Dihan , Kong Biao , Hong Wei , Jiang Libo , Dong Jian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis. However, uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes. In this study, we develop a thrombin (Thr)-loaded nanorobot-hydrogel hybrid superstructure by incorporating nanorobots into regenerated silk fibroin nanofibril hydrogels. This superstructure with superior thixotropic properties is injected percutaneously and dispersed into the spinal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with easy bleeding characteristics, before spinal surgery in a mouse model. Under near-infrared irradiation, the self-motile nanorobots penetrate into the deep spinal tumor, releasing Thr in a controlled manner. Thr-induced thrombosis effectively blocks the tumor vasculature and reduces bleeding, inhibiting tumor growth and postoperative recurrence with Au nanorod-mediated photothermal therapy. Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative therapeutic strategy for HCC spinal metastasis effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth, with potentially reduced surgical complications and enhanced operative outcomes.
Identifying payable cluster distributions for improved reservoir characterization: a robust unsupervised ML strategy for rock typing of depositional facies in heterogeneous rocks
Authors: Ashraf Umar , Anees Aqsa , Zhang Hucai , Ali Muhammad , Thanh Hung Vo , Yuan Yujie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe oil and gas industry relies on accurately predicting profitable clusters in subsurface formations for geophysical reservoir analysis. It is challenging to predict payable clusters in complicated geological settings like the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. In complex, high-dimensional heterogeneous geological settings, traditional statistical methods seldom provide correct results. Therefore, this paper introduces a robust unsupervised AI strategy designed to identify and classify profitable zones using self-organizing maps (SOM) and K-means clustering techniques. Results of SOM and K-means clustering provided the reservoir potentials of six depositional facies types (MBSD, DCSD, MBSMD, SSiCL, SMDFM, MBSh) based on cluster distributions. The depositional facies MBSD and DCSD exhibited high similarity and achieved a maximum effective porosity (PHIE) value of ≥ 15%, indicating good reservoir rock typing (RRT) features. The density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) showed minimum outliers through meta cluster attributes and confirmed the reliability of the generated cluster results. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) model identified PHIE as the most significant parameter and was beneficial in identifying payable and non-payable clustering zones. Additionally, this strategy highlights the importance of unsupervised AI in managing profitable cluster distribution across various geological formations, going beyond simple reservoir characterization.
A Corpus Pragmatics Approach to Active Listenership in Conversations in British English: Contextualised Function-To-Form
Authors: Gerigk Kevin Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractActive Listenership are the features that refer to the linguistic behaviour of the listener in casual conversations. The listener continuously utters Listener Response Tokens, Sentence-Completions and Which-Comment-Clauses to signal emotional and social involvement in the discourse. Particularly in the field of corpus pragmatics, Active Listenership has found attention over the past two decades. In this paper, I introduce a novel context-driven function-to-form corpus pragmatics annotation scheme. The scheme is applied to a down-sampled version of the spoken BNC2014, and subsequently evaluated in terms of inter-rater plausibility. Then, I present the qualitative findings on how frequent the features of Active Listenership are in the corpus in general. Subsequently, I analyse the contextual units (as per my annotation scheme) to show which feature of Active Listenership is most likely to occur in a specific speech context. I finish this paper with suggestions for future research and a call to include more features of conversational English into an elaboration of the annotation scheme. My findings can be applied to general pragmatics research and English Language Teaching.
Facile synthesis of Mn-doped CdS nanoparticles on carbon quantum dots: towards efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Orak Ceren , Oğuz Taha , Horoz Sabit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the synthesis and application of carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-based composite photocatalysts, including CQDs, CdS@CQDs, and Mn-doped CdS@CQDs, for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) through photocatalysis. The synthesis of the photocatalysts involved a meticulous procedure utilizing olive oil as a precursor. Characterization studies employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area confirmed the successful synthesis of the composite photocatalysts with well-dispersed nanoparticles and varying surface areas. Photocatalytic degradation experiments revealed that Mn-doped CdS@CQDs exhibited the highest degradation efficiency for both MB and RB5 under optimized reaction conditions, with pH identified as the most significant parameter, and statistical analyses supported the validity of the experimental data. Based on the results, the highest MB degradation efficiency (99.87%) was achieved at the following reaction conditions: pH = 9, catalyst amount = 0.55 g/L and initial hydrogen peroxide concentration (HPC) = 1 mM while the highest RB5 degradation efficiency (98.15%) was obtained at the following reaction conditions: pH = 3, catalyst amount = 1 g/L and HPC = 0.55 mM. Comparison with the literature showcased the competitive performance of the synthesized photocatalysts, achieving higher efficiencies with lower amounts of photocatalysts and hydrogen peroxide. Kinetic studies revealed that the first-order reaction kinetic was observed in both MB and RB5 degradation. This comprehensive investigation underscores the potential of Mn-doped CdS@CQDs as efficient photocatalysts for wastewater treatment, offering insights for future research and application in environmental remediation efforts.
Colorectal cancer image recognition algorithm based on improved transformer
Authors: Qin Zhuanping , Sun Wenhao , Guo Tinghang , Lu Guangda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAiming at the problems of the complex background of colorectal cancer tissue cell images and the difficulty of detection caused by the low differentiation of cancer cell regions, a deep learning method is used to detect the cancer cell regions. By integrating the skip feedback connection structure into U-Net and combining it with the Swin Transformer for feature extraction, we improve the multi-level feature extraction capabilities of the model. This algorithm enables end-to-end recognition of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue images and achieves an accuracy of 95.8% on the NCT-CRC-HE-100K dataset, demonstrating its potential to significantly support colorectal cancer detection and treatment.