bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Gender in Health and Disease
Authors: Schiebinger Londa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Sex and gender are distinct terms that must be used correctly. Data regarding sex and gender may be collected using a 2-step method that separates biological sex and self-reported gender identity. The PhenX Toolkit, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is one tool that provides investigators with recommended standard data-collection protocols. Another tool is the Diversity Minimal Item Set questionnaire. Importantly, sex and gender interact: for example, pain has both biological aspects (sex differences in electrical, ischemic, thermal, pressure, and muscle pain sensitivity) and cultural aspects (gender factors in how people report pain and how physicians understand and treat pain in patients). Gender norms, identity, and relations all impact patient care. Gender norms, for instance, may influence how a person experiences pain, gender identity may influence a person’s willingness to report pain, and gender relations may influence a physician’s gendered expectations in relation to a patient’s gendered behaviors. Clinicians may perceive women’s pain to be psychological; as a result, women may receive more nonspecific diagnoses, wait longer for treatment, and receive more antidepressants and fewer analgesics than men. Research on gender-diverse people and pain is just now emerging. Resources for methods of reporting include The Lancet, Nature, and the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines. We must consider all relevant factors intersecting with sex and gender, including age, disabilities, educational background, ethnicity, family configuration, geographic location, race, sexuality, social and economic status, sustainability, and more.
Monetizing Low-Moderate Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoirs: Lessons Learned
Authors: Roundtree R. , Burke B. , Sedillos L. 
Published: August 2024

Physicists Richard Thomson, James Joule, and William Rankine theorized thermodynamic heat engines to transform thermal energy into mechanical work in the 1840s and 1850s (Smith, 1977). Tabor and Bronicki (e.g., 1964) developed organic Rankine cycle (ORC) engines and opened the market for the use of ORC engines in heat waste power generation. ORC engines use a refrigerant with a boiling point below that of water to generate electricity for waste heat down to 65°C. Power generation at temperatures in the 65°-150°C range is of specific interest to well owners in sedimentary basins, particularly those in oil and gas where wells access similar reservoir temperatures (Johnson et al., 2020). Paired with geofluid flow rates that provide adequate thermal mass for power generation, the concept of geothermal power generation coproduced alongside oil and gas has been modeled and tested in several locations across the United States (e.g., ElectraTherm, 2012; Gosnold et al., 2017; Akhmadullin, 2017).
This paper discusses the role of geothermal energy in our future energy mix and specifically how ORC's have enabled lower temperature resources to be used for electricity generation. This paper discusses the results of the first phase of feasibility from a pilot project at the Blackburn oil and gas field in northeast Nevada. The location and history of the Blackburn field also prefaces the specific challenges and opportunities examined by the project in examining thermal energy loss throughout the geofluid gathering system and in optimizing the process flow of the fluids at the central facility to maximize power generation from both load and cumulative energy standpoints. The pilot project resulted in several important learnings throughout the duration of this pilot project preparing the way. While the growth of geothermal energy will undoubtedly accelerate, several important economic considerations are presented herein and some successful strategies to overcome some of these hurdles discussed. The confluence of evolving technologies in the ORC space as well as utilizing some of the lessons of a highly optimized drilling process from the oil and gas industry in the geothermal space will likely drive a pretty steep reduction in the cost curve for new geothermal projects. In the meantime, prudently utilizing existing operations, whether in the secondary recovery of mature oil fields or in the new lithium mining space, allows geothermal projects to leverage much of the early investment in infrastructure as well as collapse the geothermal permitting process delay associated with new projects.
A Comprehensive Study on the Impacts of CO2 and H2 Storage on Well Cement Integrity
Authors: Abed A. B. , Galvis-Silva H. , Elsayed T. , Samouei H. , Liu K. , Okoroafor E. R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The interactions between hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2) with wellbore cement are not fully understood, raising concerns about cement degradation during carbon capture and storage (CCS) and underground hydrogen storage (UHS). This study examines the geochemical, petrophysical, and geomechanical properties of cement before and after exposure to hydrogen and CO2. Cement samples were saturated in brine of 30000 ppm and exposed to the gases at 500 psi and 50°C for 30 days.
Hydrogen exposure led to a 50% increase in brownmillerite, a 70% decrease in ettringite, and a reduction in porosity and permeability by 2% and 40%. Compressive strength and Young's modulus increased by 35% and 6%. CO2 exposure caused the formation of calcite (8.7% of the composition) and complete alite depletion, reducing porosity and permeability by 98% and 87%. Compressive strength and Young's modulus rose by 126% and 161%.
This study is the first to comprehensively compare cement properties before and after hydrogen and CO2 exposure under the same conditions. The findings suggest hydrogen and CO2 do not weaken cement strength and can even heal fractures, reducing fluid losses.
Application of Boosting Machine Learning for Mud Loss Prediction During Drilling Operations
Authors: Okai M. I. , Ogolo O. , Nzerem P. , Ibrahim K. S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lost circulation during drilling operations is a persistent challenge in the oil and gas industry, leading to significant financial losses and increased non-productive time. The common use of lost circulation materials (LCMs) in drilling fluids helps mitigate mud loss only to an extent. However, predicting the extent of mud loss before drilling specific formations would greatly benefit engineers. This study aims to predict mud loss using advanced boosting machine learning frameworks, addressing the need for more accurate forecasting tools. We evaluated three ensemble boosting algorithms—Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—and compared them to Random Forest, a baseline bagging algorithm. Utilizing a dataset of over 7,000 data points with 27 features from drilling operations in Well MXY at the Utah FORGE field, we found that XGBoost and Random Forest were the most accurate models, with R2 scores of 0.935 and 0.934, respectively. These results indicate that while XGBoost is the top-performing framework, Random Forest remains a robust and reliable method for predicting lost circulation, providing valuable insights for drilling engineers.
Prediction of Equivalent Circulation Density of Drilling Fluids Using Machine Learning
Authors: Adegoke T. M. , Adeleye J. O. , Morakinyo A. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates a reliable approach, integrating comprehensive statistical analysis, correlation evaluation, and the use of Machine Learning (ML) models to predict drilling fluids’ Equivalent Circulation Density (ECD). By utilizing a dataset from drilling operations, encompassing parameters such as formation depth, mud weight, viscosity, flow rate, revolutions per minute (RPM), weight on bit, total flow area (TFA), and ECD, we uncovered inverse linear relationships between ECD and both flow rate and TFA, while other relationships were positive. The ML models, particularly the Random Forest Regressor and XGB Regressor, showcased robust performance in predicting ECD. The feature importance analysis underscored key variables influencing ECD calculation, providing reliable insights to enhance drilling techniques and safety measures.
Ultrasound Assisted Surfactant Nanofluid Oil Recovery from Contaminated Oily Sludge
Authors: Manikumar Y. , Panis N. I. , Ridzuan N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Umunnawuike C. , Agi A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In many nations, oily sludge is considered hazardous waste. Conventional techniques of treating oily sludge indicate that desorption of the oily sludge is inhibited by asphaltenes. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to generate useful hydrogen radicals via cavitation effect to terminate asphaltene macromolecules. In this study, surfactant was extracted from Acacia auriculiformis (AU) and synthesized into nanoparticles. The properties of Acacia auriculiformis surfactant nanoparticles (ASNP) were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particles size analysis. The interfacial properties of the AU surfactant nanofluid (ASNF) at the interface oil-water was investigated via DCAT 9 data physics tensiometer. Thereafter, the impact of ultrasound-assisted ASNF on the wettability of the oil sludge was determined using a drop shape analyser. Subsequently, the effect of ASNF on ultrasound oil recovery from contaminated oily sludge was investigated. The synthesis method was efficacious in producing ASNP with a size range of 66-298 nm. Likewise, the FTIR showed that the chemical structure of ASNP was not modified during the synthesis process. Furthermore, the ASNF was effective in lowering the interfacial tension of the oil-water interface from 18 mN/m to 1.97 mN/m. Besides, ASNF recovered 79% oil and altered wettability from oil-wet to water-wet. These results suggest that ASNP has the potential for application in oilfields to recover oil from contaminated oily sludge. Moreover, the ASNP can find usefulness as a corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, viscosifier, drilling fluid additive and drilling mud thinner.
Navigating the Future: A Numerical Study of Natural Polymers and CO2 in Offshore Applications
Authors: Abbas A. H. , Zhuniskenov Y. , Serikov G. , Nyah F. , Ridzuan N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Agi A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While water alternating gas (WAG) injection is a prevalent technique in enhanced oil recovery, it faces significant challenges in heterogeneous and high permeability reservoirs. The primary issue is the rapid gas breakthrough and poor sweep efficiency due to gas segregation in the upper sections of the reservoir, leaving lower areas unswept. To address these limitations, this paper explores a novel method of applying polymer-WAG (PWAG) flooding, to augment the sweep efficiency of traditional WAG processes. A key feature of PWAG is the continuous injection of polymer-enhanced water throughout the WAG cycle. Our study focuses on evaluating the impact of various natural polymers on water enhancement during the WAG cycle in heterogeneous reservoir environments. The findings indicate a notable performance improvement, with an increase in efficiency ranging from 6-10% when using the proposed natural polymers. This research provides insights into the viability of natural polymers in optimizing WAG processes, offering a promising avenue for more effective oil recovery in challenging reservoir conditions.
Proven, Probable, Possible, and Contingent Natural Gas Reserves: A Concise and Holistic Review of Major Critical Developmental Steps
Authors: Tirimisiyu Adeniyi Adekunle , Igbafe Anselm Iuebego 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Petroleum Motor Spirit, PMS, product subsidy removal in Nigeria has led to a significant increase in commodity prices in the market. Other African countries, notably South Africa and Senegal, have faced and are still facing energy deficit-related crises. Some causes of energy-related problems in Africa included dysfunctional refineries in Nigeria, inadequate energy planning for economic growth, social advancement in South Africa, and exponential population growth. Despite all these energy-related problems, gas flaring persists in Africa. To solve the energy problems as identified, investigations were carried out on the suitability of leveraging natural gas as a lasting solution. Natural gas as a clean energy source gained additional prominence in 1973 in response to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC, grips on oil production and quota system. That is, PMS subsidy removal should also put more pressure on natural gas. So, proven, probable, possible, and contingent natural gas reserves and resources should be properly examined. By proven gross reserves-to-production ratio, it will take Africa 88 years to deplete, second to the Middle East with 100 years. The probable, possible, and contingent resources, combined have higher capacity. The formation, transportation, and accumulation of natural gas in sedimentary basins take millions of geologic years, is nonrenewable, and cannot be found everywhere. Whenever found, they are categorized. Several mathematical models such as the Duong method, Logistic Growth Model, Stretched Exponential Decline, Power Law Exponential Decline, Modified Hyperbolic decline, material balance, and modified Arps’ decline model were developed to model unconventional and conventional natural gas reservoirs. The available technologies with all the mathematical model simulations, coupled with an enabling environment, are enough to meet African energy demands from both unconventional and conventional natural gas reservoirs.
Synthesis of Novel Salt-Resistant and High-Temperature Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle for Rheology, Lubricity, Surface Tension, and Filtration Property Modifications of Water-Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Oseh J. O. , Norddin M. N. A. M. , Duru U. I. , Ngouangna E. N. , Ridzuan N. , Ismail I. , Gbadamosi A. O. , Yahya M. N. , Igwilo K. U. , Okoli N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Agi A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Optimal additives are often needed to improve the performance of water-based muds (WBMs) in tough drilling conditions like deep water reservoirs, salty formations, and high-temperature wells. The efficiency and contribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing the performance of WBMs in these tough drilling conditions have been continuously demonstrated in recent applications. Nevertheless, the use of NPs in drilling fluids is still very new, and their higher specific surface energy frequently compromises their stability within the fluid system. This has resulted in a decline in drilling performance and outputs, highlighting the importance of using well-dispersed and stabilized additives in drilling fluids. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nanoHAp) were therefore designed in situ through the chemical precipitation technique with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to improve the lubricity, rheology, and filtration properties of WBM. It was also developed to reduce surface tension, resist calcium chloride (CaCl2) contamination, and improve the drilling of high-temperature wells. NanoHAp in various amounts (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt.%) were added to conventional WBM, BN-WBM (bentonite-water solution), and BN/Ca (bentonite solution contaminated with CaCl2) at 25, 150, 180, and 210 °C. The results showed that nanoHAp exhibits excellent thermal stability. At 210 °C and 1021 s−1 shear rate, its concentrations of 0.1–0.5 wt.% increased the viscosity by 42.4–122% over the reference sample at 30 mPa-s. Under the same conditions, they decreased the fluid loss from 44.6 mL to 10.9–21.8 mL. They also served as friction and surface tension agents, improving the lubricity by 7.8–47.5% from 0.295 and reducing the surface tension by 5.1-29% from 59 dyne/cm3 at 25°C. In salt resistance tests, the BN/Ca solution had an excessive viscosity and fluid loss of 155.4 mPa-s and 192 mL, respectively, at 210 °C; however, nanoHAp reduced the viscosity to 50 mPa-s by 67.8% and the fluid loss by 59% to 79 mL. This study highlights the positive impact of nanoHAp on the fluid properties of drilling mud, particularly under CaCl2 contamination and high temperature conditions.
A Novel Approach to Shale Stability Enhancement in Drilling Fluid Using Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Treated with Anionic Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
Authors: Oseh J. O. , Norddin M. N. A. M. , Duru U. I. , Ridzuan N. , Oguamah I. A. , Okoli N. , Ngouangna E. N. , Ismail I. , Gbadamosi A. O. , Yahya M. N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Agi A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unstable wellbore often occurs in water-sensitive shale formations during drilling, leading to longer drilling times and higher costs. This problem has been addressed by using various shale stabilizers for water-based muds (WBMs) such as polymers, salts like potassium chloride (KCl), and nanoparticles (NPs) in practical applications. The strong clay attraction to water, inhibitor hydrophilicity, reservoir heterogeneity, and shale's unique pore size collectively hinder the complete stabilization of shale inhibitors. This work discusses the effects of WBM with sodium dodecyl sulphate-treated nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHAp/SDS) on shale stabilization through various tests, including a linear swelling test, a hot-rolling dispersion test, and a capillary suction time (CST) test. The rheology and filtration properties of nHAp/SDS treatment fluids that had 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.% were also examined. All the nHAp/SDS findings were compared with those of nanosilica and KCl-WBM. The plastic viscosity of the KCl-WBM was enhanced by 20–90% with increasing concentrations of nHAp/SDS and by 10–70% with nanosilica compared with the KCl-WBM at 10 cP. When compared with nanosilica, nHAp/SDS demonstrated a greater enhancement in the fluid loss control efficiency of KCl-WBM. The fluid loss was reduced to 6.4–3.1 mL from 7.9 mL, with nanosilica decreasing it to 7.3–4.6 mL. The rates of shale plug height swelling decreased in this order: 10.1% for KCl-WBM, 8.4-6.1% for nanosilica, and 7.5–4.1% for nHAp/SDS. This suggests that nHAp/SDS is a better inhibitor. The results from the CST test show that nanosilica and KCl absorbed more water and had higher CST values than nHAp/SDS. In addition, the hot-rolling test indicates that nHAp/SDS creates rough layers on the shale surface and reduces the shale-water interaction. nHAp/SDS had a higher recovery rate of 89.8% when it was used at 120 °C compared to nanosilica and KCl-WBM, which had recovery rates of 76.6% and 52.1%, respectively. nHAp/SDS consistently outperformed KCl-WBM and nanosilica in all test conditions. The research indicates that nHAp/SDS shows promise in drilling shale-rich wells and improving wellbore stability.
Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Silver Catfish from Escravos Estuary, Nigeria
Authors: Ekperusi Abraham O. , Michael Amaka , Chukwurah Henrietta C. , Sunday Naomi M. , Asiwa David O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important components of crude oil that require regular monitoring due to their interaction with the environment, biota and humans. There has been a growing literature on the impact of PAHs on the flora and fauna from both freshwater and coastal ecosystems in the Niger Delta region. However, studies on the potential health risks associated with consuming seafood contaminated with hydrocarbons are limited. In this study, we investigated the tissue distribution and the potential human health risk associated with PAHs in silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus collected from the Escravos estuary, a major oil and gas processing zone in Nigeria. Varying concentrations of PAH congeners were reported in the tissues of silver catfish with the highest level reported in the liver compared to the gills and the rest of the fish. Fluorene (36.62%), naphthalene (22.62%)) and anthracene (15.19%) were the dominant congeners in fish tissues. The values of PAHs especially carcinogenic congeners were higher than the maximum permissible limits for fishery products which indicate potential concern for public health, but the estimated daily intake for adults and children was below the reference dose values for selected PAH congeners, while the hazard ratio was less than 1. Increasing industrial activities and poor regulation could lead to possible long-term human health risks from the consumption of seafood exposed to PAHs from the estuary. There is a need for the regular monitoring of domestic and industrial effluents entering the estuary to mitigate potential impact on seafood and human health.
Artisanal Refinery Operations and Sustainable Development in South East Region of Nigeria
Authors: Oruwari Humphrey Otombosoba , Obunwa Queen , Ahuchogu Joe , Ayuba Salihu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work examines the operations of small-scale Artisanal refineries in oil producing communities of South East Nigeria. The unregulated and illicit activities of artisanal refineries have hindered sustainable development in the state estate region of Nigeria which further complicates the prevailing poor living standard of the communities, and their sufferings as a result of petroleum exploration/production activities by indigenous youth. The key objective of the study is to examine the impact of Small scale Artisanal refinery operation and sustainable development of South East Region of Nigeria. Using literature review and empirical evidence it was revealed that these illicit artisanal refineries operations have negatively impacted the sustainable development agenda of host oil communities and the most impacted communities are Ohaji, Egbema, Oguta, Uzuaku, Obuzor Asa, Umuorie, Owaza, Obibo, Umuokwor, and Imo River communities. This study highlighted the need for an immediate stop to the spillage, continuous damage to the ecology and remediation of oil-impacted soil, farmland and other means of livelihood in the host oil communities, the urgent termination of crude theft, vandalism, violence, bribery, corruption, social vices, and pollution The study recommends a follow up on the environmental sensitive index (ESI) mapping of all areas affected by the operation of illegal oil refiners, and mostly to rehabilitate and remodel their operations by reorientation, monitoring, regulation, technical support, adoption of modern technology and approval/licence to operate as modular refinery facilities by way of merger, government support and within global best global practices.