bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidance for the core content of a Curriculum in Special Care Dentistry at the undergraduate level
Authors: Dougall A. , Thompson S. A. , Faulks D. , Ting G. , Nunn J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGiven the rapidly changing demography of populations worldwide, dental professionals of the future need to be able to meet the challenge posed by the evolving landscape in health care needs. Leading institutions are now embedding teaching and learning in special care dentistry (SCD) within their curricula, to provide students with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to meet the oral health needs of vulnerable groups within their communities. The International Association for Disability and Oral Health (iADH) has initiated the development of undergraduate curriculum guidance in SCD through a consensus process. The curriculum in SCD is defined in statements of learning outcomes with many of the skills being transferable across the undergraduate course. This curriculum includes examples of teaching and assessment, designed to enhance critical thinking in relation to SCD and to promote positive attitudes towards disability and diversity. The learning outcomes are designed to be readily adapted to conform to the generic profiles and competencies, already identified in undergraduate frameworks by global educational associations, as well as meeting the requirements of professional regulatory bodies worldwide. Suggestions for teaching and learning are not intended to be prescriptive; rather, they act as a signpost to possible routes to student learning. Ideally, this will require that students have a sufficiently diverse patient case mix during their undergraduate studies, to achieve the required levels of confidence and competence by the time they graduate. Clinical care competencies in SCD emphasise the need for learners to broaden their theoretical knowledge and understanding through practical experience in providing care for people with special health care needs. It is crucial to the development of equitable dental services for all members of a community, that these learning outcomes are embedded into evolving curricula but most importantly, that they are evaluated and refined in a dynamic way with shared learning for all teachers.
Decorin is down‐regulated in multiple myeloma and MGUS bone marrow plasma and inhibits HGF‐induced myeloma plasma cell viability and migration
Authors: Kristensen Ida B. , Pedersen Lise , Rø Torstein B. , Christensen Jacob H. , Lyng Maria B. , Rasmussen Lars M. , Ditzel Henrik J. , Børset Magne , Abildgaard Niels 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesDecorin is a stromal‐produced small leucine‐rich proteoglycan known to attenuate tumour pro‐survival, migration, proliferation and angiogenic signalling pathways. Recent studies have shown that decorin interacts with the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c‐Met, a potential key pathway in multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsDecorin levels in paired peripheral blood and bone marrow plasma samples from healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 23), and patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n = 41) and MM (n = 19) were determined by ELISA. Further, the ability of decorin to inhibit HGF‐induced effects on MM cell lines were analysed in vitro using cell viability and Transwell migration assays.ResultsWe found that decorin concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in bone marrow (BM) plasma from HVs (median 35.2 ng/mL; range, 15.3–99.1) compared with MGUS (median 22.5 ng/mL; range, 11.1–59.5) and patients with MM (median 21.5 ng/mL; range, 10.6–35.9). Decorin levels were higher in BM plasma than in peripheral blood in all groups, with a BM/PB ratio of 3.9, 3.4 and 2.5 for HV, MGUS and MM, respectively. A positive correlation (Spearman's ρ = 0.51, P < 0.05) was found between simultaneously measured levels of HGF and decorin in BM plasma in HVs, but not in MGUS or MM samples. Functionally, decorin inhibited HGF‐induced migration and viability of INA‐6 and ANBL‐6 MM cell lines, independent of c‐Met down‐regulation.ConclusionOur results show that decorin is down‐regulated in MGUS and MM bone marrow plasma and that it inhibits HGF‐induced viability and migration of myeloma cell lines in vitro.
Social reward: interactions with social status, social communication, aggression, and associated neural activation in the ventral tegmental area
Authors: Gil Mario , Nguyen Ngoc‐Thao , McDonald Mark , Albers H. Elliott 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNearly all species engage in a variety of intraspecific social interactions, and there is evidence that these interactions are rewarding. Less is known, however, about the factors that influence social reward. Using the conditioned place preference paradigm, we tested whether social interactions are rewarding for male Syrian hamsters. We also tested whether social stimuli increase neural activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a component of the mesolimbic reward system, and how individual differences in social behavior and experience influence neural activation. In the present study, we found that hamsters developed a conditioned place preference for social interactions, but the effects were significantly stronger in dominant animals compared with subordinates. The number of Fos‐immunoreactive cells in the VTA was significantly higher in hamsters that had engaged in a direct social encounter compared with hamsters exposed to a caged stimulus hamster or controls. Interestingly, socially experienced males had more Fos‐immunoreactive cells in the VTA than socially naive males after exposure to a social stimulus. Surprisingly, the amount of Fos immunoreactivity in the VTA induced by a social stimulus was correlated with the amount of aggressive/dominance behaviors that had been observed during interactions that had occurred 2 months earlier. Our results indicate that social interactions between males are rewarding, and that social dominance increases the reward value. Social interactions stimulate the mesolimbic reward system, and social experience enhances its response to novel social stimuli and may produce long‐term changes in the neural mechanisms that mediate the maintenance of dominance over long periods of time.
Helicobacter pylori Infection – A Boon or a Bane: Lessons from Studies in a Low‐Prevalence Population
Authors: Lee Yeong Yeh , Mahendra Raj Sundramoorthy , Graham David Y. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is etiologically associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer diseases which are both important public health burdens which could be largely eliminated by H. pylori eradication. However, some investigators urge caution based on the hypothesis that eradication of H. pylori may result in an increase in the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and childhood asthma. The ethnic Malays of northeastern Peninsular Malaysia have long had a low prevalence of H. pylori infection and, as expected, the incidence of gastric cancer and its precursor lesions is exceptionally low. The availability of a population with a low H. pylori prevalence and generally poor sanitation allows separation of H. pylori from the hygiene hypothesis and direct testing of whether absence of H. pylori is associated with untoward consequence. Contrary to predictions, in Malays, erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, distal esophageal cancers, and childhood asthma are all of low incidence. This suggests that H. pylori is not protective rather the presence of H. pylori infection is likely a surrogate for poor hygiene and not an important source of antigens involved in the hygiene hypothesis. Helicobacter pylori in Malays is related to transmission from H. pylori‐infected non‐Malay immigrants. The factors responsible for low H. pylori acquisition, transmission, and burden of H. pylori infection in Malays remain unclear and likely involves a combination of environmental, host (gene polymorphisms), and strain virulence factors. Based on evidence from this population, absence of H. pylori infection is more likely to be boon than a bane.
Comparison of hand and rotary instrumentation for removing gutta‐percha from previously treated curved root canals: a microcomputed tomography study
Authors: Rödig T. , Kupis J. , Konietschke F. , Dullin C. , Drebenstedt S. , Hülsmann M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of hand and rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in removing filling material from curved root canals of root filled teeth with unknown preparation parameters.MethodologyNinety mandibular molars with root fillings in curved root canals and homogenous root canal filling extending to 0‐2 mm short of the radiographic apex were selected. Root canal curvatures and radii were measured in two directions and microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) scans were used to determine preoperative volumes of the filling material. Subsequently, the teeth were assigned to two identical groups (n = 14). The root fillings were removed with Hedström files or FlexMaster NiTi rotary instruments. Postoperative micro‐CT imaging was used to assess the percentage of residual filling material as well as the amount of dentine removal. Working time and procedural errors were recorded. Data were compared using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance procedures.ResultsRoot canals retreated with Hedström files were associated with less remaining filling material compared with FlexMaster instruments (P < 0.05). Both retreatment techniques removed similar amounts of dentine with no significant differences (P > 0.05). FlexMaster instruments were significantly faster than Hedström files (P < 0.05). No procedural errors were detected in the Hedström group, whilst three instruments fractured in the FlexMaster group.ConclusionsHand instrumentation resulted in significantly less residual filling material than retreatment with rotary NiTi instruments. Dentine removal was not significantly different for both techniques. FlexMaster NiTi rotary files were significantly faster than Hedström files, but were associated with a higher risk of instrument fracture.
Reflexiones sobre el tratamiento de la crisis del empleo en Europa
Authors: Sarfati Hedva 
Published: April 2013

Resumen.Europa sufre desde el decenio de 1970 una crisis crónica del empleo que ha cobrado dimensiones sin precedentes con la crisis económica actual. Para comprenderla, la autora hace un balance del diálogo social y de los pactos sociales sobre reformas laborales y de los regímenes de pensiones, evalúa las políticas activas de mercado de trabajo y analiza las economías resilientes; concluye demostrando la necesidad de reinventar el diálogo social y la protección social teniendo en cuenta las transformaciones socioeconómicas actuales, reorientar el crédito hacia las PYME, activar la demanda de trabajadores y coordinar las políticas macroeconómicas a escala internacional.
Correlates of Emotional Distress in Out‐of‐Home Youth
Authors: Harpin Scott , Kenyon DenYelle B. , Kools Susan , Bearinger Linda H. , Ireland Marjorie 
Published: April 2013

ProblemAdolescents in out‐of‐home placement have a high prevalence of mental health distress, and their vulnerability to poor mental health outcomes continues during placement. Risk and protective factors may influence mental health outcomes; however, little is known about their relationship to mental health distress in this population.MethodsUsing data from a population‐based survey conducted in schools, mental health distress, along with other risk and protective factors, was evaluated in young people who reported living in out‐of‐home placements (n = 5,516) and a comparison group (n = 5,500). Multivariate analysis was used to determine the strength of association between risk and protective factors and mental health distress in the youth reporting out‐of‐home placement.FindingsComparisons of risk and protective factors indicated that out‐of‐home youth had greater risks (suicidal risk, mental health distress) and fewer protective factors (feeling parents care about them, other adults care, and school connectedness) than those in the comparison group. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations (38% explained variance) between mental health distress and the risk and protective factors, with the exception of other adult connectedness.ConclusionsFindings from this population‐based school survey of young people reiterate that youth in out‐of‐home placements have higher levels of mental health distress and lower levels of protective factors compared to other youth. These results offer insights for those working with out‐of‐home or precariously housed young people.
Retracted: Gastroprotective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract against ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats
Authors: Al Batran Rami , Al‐Bayaty Fouad , Ameen Abdulla Mahmood , Jamil Al‐Obaidi Mazen M , Hajrezaei Maryam , Hassandarvish Pouya , Fouad Mustafa , Golbabapour Shahram , Talaee Samaneh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimCorchorus olitorius is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized as an antifertility, anti‐convulsive, and purgative agent. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol‐induced gastric ulcers in adult Sprague Dawley rats.MethodsThe rats were divided into seven groups according to their pretreatment: an untreated control group, an ulcer control group, a reference control group (20 mg/kg omeprazole), and four experimental groups (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of extract). Carboxymethyl cellulose was the vehicle for the agents. Prior to the induction of gastric ulcers with absolute ethanol, the rats in each group were pretreated orally. An hour later, the rats were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were collected to evaluate the ulcers and to measure enzymatic activity. The tissues were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluations.ResultsCompared with the extensive mucosal damage in the ulcer control group, gross evaluation revealed a marked protection of the gastric mucosa in the experimental groups, with significantly preserved gastric wall mucus. In these groups, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition to the histologic analyses (HE and periodic acid‐Schiff staining), immunohistochemistry confirmed the protection through the upregulation of Hsp70 and the downregulation of Bax proteins. The gastroprotection of the experimental groups was comparable to that of the reference control medicine omeprazole.ConclusionsOur study reports the gastroprotective property of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats.
Cigarette smoking and the risk of Barrett's esophagus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Andrici Juliana , Cox Michael R , Eslick Guy D 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimBarrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition to esophageal adenocarcinoma. It is currently not clear whether cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing BE, and no meta‐analysis has been performed on the topic. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis, providing a quantitative estimate of the increased risk of BE associated with cigarette smoking, to help clarify whether a relationship exists between smoking and BE.MethodsFour electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Current Contents Connect) were searched to May 17, 2013, for observational studies of BE patients. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model for the association of smoking with BE. BE patients were compared with non‐gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) controls as well as with population‐based and GERD controls.ResultsThirty‐nine studies comprising 7069 BE patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Having ever‐smoked was associated with an increased risk of BE compared with non‐GERD controls (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.20–1.74), population‐based controls (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.15–1.76), but not GERD controls (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.75–1.86). The meta‐analyses of the studies reporting the lowest and highest number of pack‐years smoked showed an increased risk of BE (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.22–1.63) and (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.27–1.84), respectively.ConclusionCigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of BE. Being an ever‐smoker was associated with an increased risk of BE in all control groups. A greater number of pack‐years smoked was associated with a greater risk of BE.
Computed tomography enterography versus balloon‐assisted enteroscopy for evaluation of small bowel lesions in Crohn's disease
Authors: Tong Jin Lu , Feng Qi , Shen Jun , Qiao Yu Qi , Zheng Qing , Gu Yan , Chen Xiao Yu , Li Xiao Bo , Dai Jun , Hua Jia , Xu Jian Rong , Ran Zhi Hua 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to assess the correlation between computed tomography enterography (CTE) and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy on severity of small bowel lesions, and evaluated the accuracy of CTE parameters in assessing small intestine lesions in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsWe performed an observational study of a single‐center cohort. Data were retrieved from our inpatient databases starting from October 2007. Correlations between computed tomography parameters (bowel wall thickness, mural enhancement, comb sign, extramural findings, and stricture), endoscopic and histological severity scores, CD Activity Index [CDAI], and C‐reactive protein were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation.ResultsSeventy patients were included in this study. One hundred fifty‐seven segments were examined. Bowel wall thickness (r = 0.6334, P < 0.0001), mural enhancement (r = 0.5477, P < 0.0001), comb sign (r = 0.5898, P < 0.0001), and extramural findings (r = 0.4754, P < 0.0001) were moderately correlated with the segmental Capsule Endoscopy CDAI. The segmental CTE score also moderately correlated with the segmental Capsule Endoscopy CDAI (r = 0.6714, P < 0.0001), while the total CTE score strongly correlated with the total Capsule Endoscopy CDAI (r = 0.7252, P < 0.0001). Both total CTE score (r = 0.5937, P < 0.0001) and total Capsule Endoscopy CDAI (r = 0.6364, P < 0.0001) correlated significantly with the Harvey–Bradshaw Index. Of five computed tomography parameters, bowel wall thickness have the best accuracy to detect small intestine lesions with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.811 (P < 0.0001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.82% and 74.14%, respectively.ConclusionCTE is a reliable technique for detecting small intestine lesions in patients with CD, also provides accurate information on small bowel CD severity and activity, with close agreement to inflammatory markers, CDAI, and histopathology.
Obliteration of gastric varices improves the arrival time of ultrasound contrast agents in hepatic artery and vein
Authors: Furuichi Yoshihiro , Moriyasu Fuminori , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Taira Junichi , Sano Takatomo , Miyata Yuki , Sofuni Atsushi , Itoi Takao , Nakamura Ikuo , Imai Yasuharu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimLiver cirrhosis (LC) is accompanied by hepatic arterializations, intrahepatic shunts, and hyperdynamic circulations. These changes shorten the arrival time (AT) of ultrasound contrast agents to the hepatic vein (HV). Whether treatment of gastric fundal varices (GVs) by balloon‐occluded transvenous obliteration (B‐RTO) improves the AT in LC patients was prospectively investigated.MethodsA total of 32 LC patients with GVs and 10 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled. This study was approved by the clinical research ethics committee. Images of hepatic artery (HA), portal vein (PV), and HV were monitored after an injection of a contrast agent using quantification software. The AT before and after B‐RTO in LC patients and that in NCs were compared.ResultsAll GVs were treated effectively, and indocyanine green retention rate was improved (P < 0.0001). The mean values of the HA, PV, and HV ATs in the NCs were 21.9 ± 3.3, 28.2 ± 2.0, and 40.5 ± 2.1 s, respectively. Those in LC patients were 17.4 ± 4.4, 21.9 ± 5.6, and 26.3 ± 6.7, respectively, which were shorter than those in NCs (P < 0.01, P < 0.002, P < 0.0001, respectively). However, these ATs were significantly prolonged 1 week after B‐RTO, with mean values of 18.7 ± 4.8, 23.8 ± 6.0, and 30.0 ± 7.2 s (P = 0.043, P < 0.01, P < 0.001).ConclusionObliteration of GVs shifted the AT in LC patients to the normalization, raising the possibility of improvement of arterialization and intrahepatic shunt.
Impact of sleep disorders in Japanese patients with functional dyspepsia (FD): Nizatidine improves clinical symptoms, gastric emptying and sleep disorders in FD patients
Authors: Futagami Seiji , Yamawaki Hiroshi , Izumi Nikki , Shimpuku Mayumi , Kodaka Yasuhiro , Wakabayashi Taiga , Nagoya Hiroyuki , Shindo Tomotaka , Kawagoe Tetsuro , Gudis Katya , Itoh Takashi , Sakamoto Choitsu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimsThe association between functional dyspepsia (FD) and sleep disorders has yet to be studied in detail. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors associated with sleep disorders and the clinical response to nizatidine therapy for sleep disorders in Rome III‐based FD patients.MethodsWe enrolled 94 FD patients and 52 healthy volunteers. We used Rome III criteria to evaluate upper abdominal symptoms, and the Self‐Rating Questionnaire for Depression scores to determine depression status. Sleep disorder was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, and degree of anxiety by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Gastric motility was evaluated. Thirty‐four FD patients were treated with nizatidine (300 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks in a crossover trial. The primary end point of this study was to determine whether nizatidine could improve clinical symptoms and sleep disorders in FD patients.ResultsThe global PSQI score for FD patients was significantly (P < 0.001) higher compared with healthy volunteers. There were significant correlations between global PSQI scores and total Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and Self‐Rating Questionnaire for Depression scores (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001, respectively) in FD patients than in healthy volunteers. We found significant relationships between subjective sleep quality and both Tmax and T1/2 values in FD patients. Nizatidine significantly improved certain clinical symptoms, gastric emptying, and global PSQI score compared with placebo treatment.ConclusionSleep disorders in FD patients correlated significantly with both clinical symptoms of dyspepsia and depression compared with healthy volunteers. Nizatidine significantly improved gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, gastric emptying, and sleep disorders in FD patients.