bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Novel Triacylglycerol Estolides from the Seed Oil of Mallotus philippensis and Trewia nudiflora
Authors: Smith Mark A. , Zhang Haixia , Forseille Li , Purves Randy W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTriacylglycerol estolides have been reported as components of the seed oil of a number of plant species and are generally associated with the presence of fatty acids containing hydroxyl groups. We have used MALDI‐TOF MS to examine the intact acylglycerol species present in the seed oils of two plants that produce kamlolenic acid (18‐hydroxy‐Δ9cis,11trans,13trans‐octadecatrienoic acid). Mallotus philippensis and Trewia nudiflora were both shown to produce seed oil rich in TAG‐estolides. Analysis by MALDI‐TOF MS/MS demonstrated that the TAG‐estolides had a structure different to that previously proposed after enzymatic digestion of the oil. Acylglycerols containing up to 14 fatty acids were detected but fatty acid estolides were only present in a single position on the glycerol backbone, with predominantly non‐hydroxyl fatty acids in the remaining two positions. Increased numbers of fatty acids per glycerol backbone were accounted for by the presence of fatty acid estolides containing a correspondingly greater number of fatty acids. For example, acylglycerols containing seven fatty acids had a fatty acid estolide of five fatty acids at one position on the glycerol backbone. Both capped and uncapped fatty acid estolides, with a free hydroxyl group, were present, with capped fatty acid estolides being more abundant in T. nudiflora and uncapped fatty acid estolides in M. philippensis.
From Child to Parent? The Significance of Children’s Education for Their Parents’ Longevity
Authors: Torssander Jenny 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn addition to own education and other socioeconomic resources, the education of one’s children may be important for individual health and longevity. Mothers and fathers born between 1932 and 1941 were analyzed by linking them to their children in the Swedish Multi-generation Register, which covers the total population. Controlling for parents’ education, social class, and income attenuates but does not remove the association between children’s education and parents’ mortality risk. Shared but unmeasured familial background characteristics were addressed by comparing siblings in the parental generation. In these fixed-effects analyses, comparing parents whose children had tertiary education with parents whose children completed only compulsory schooling (the reference group) yields a hazard ratio of 0.79 (95 % CI: 0.70–0.89) when the socioeconomic position of both parents is controlled for. The relationship is certainly not purely causal, but part of it could be if, for example, well-educated adult children use their resources to find the best available health care for their aging parents. I therefore introduce the concept of “social foreground” and suggest that children’s socioeconomic resources may be an important factor in trying to further understand social inequalities in health.
On the late-time growth of the two-dimensional Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in shock tube experiments
Authors: Morgan Robert V. , Aure R. , Stockero J. D. , Greenough J. A. , Cabot W. , Likhachev O. A. , Jacobs J. W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn the present study, shock tube experiments are used to study the very late-time development of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability from a diffuse, nearly sinusoidal, initial perturbation into a fully turbulent flow. The interface is generated by two opposing gas flows and a perturbation is formed on the interface by transversely oscillating the shock tube to create a standing wave. The puncturing of a diaphragm generates a Mach $1. 2$ shock wave that then impacts a density gradient composed of air and SF6, causing the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability to develop in the 2.0 m long test section. The instability is visualized with planar Mie scattering in which smoke particles in the air are illuminated by a Nd:YLF laser sheet, and images are recorded using four high-speed video cameras operating at 6 kHz that allow the recording of the time history of the instability. In addition, particle image velocimetry (PIV) is implemented using a double-pulsed Nd:YAG laser with images recorded using a single CCD camera. Initial modal content, amplitude, and growth rates are reported from the Mie scattering experiments while vorticity and circulation measurements are made using PIV. Amplitude measurements show good early-time agreement but relatively poor late-time agreement with existing nonlinear models. The model of Goncharov (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 88, 2002, 134502) agrees with growth rate measurements at intermediate times but fails at late experimental times. Measured background acceleration present in the experiment suggests that the late-time growth rate may be influenced by Rayleigh–Taylor instability induced by the interfacial acceleration. Numerical simulations conducted using the LLNL codes Ares and Miranda show that this acceleration may be caused by the growth of boundary layers, and must be accounted for to produce good agreement with models and simulations. Adding acceleration to the Richtmyer–Meshkov buoyancy–drag model produces improved agreement. It is found that the growth rate and amplitude trends are also modelled well by the Likhachev–Jacobs vortex model (Likhachev & Jacobs, Phys. Fluids, vol. 17, 2005, 031704). Circulation measurements also show good agreement with the circulation value extracted by fitting the vortex model to the experimental data.
Roman Inscriptions 2006–2010
Authors: Cooley Alison E. , Salway Benet 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this quinquennial survey remains the same as its predecessor, as for the most part does the format, though the team is regrettably reduced by one. With an eye to the study of the Roman world, we hope to signal the most important newly published inscriptions, significant reinterpretations of previously published material, new trends in scholarship, recent studies that draw heavily on epigraphic sources, and noteworthy developments in the various aids to understanding inscriptions (both traditional printed material and electronic resources). In the context of this journal, the geographical range and chronological scope reflect the contours and history of the Roman state from its beginnings down to the end of the seventh century. As such, not only does the survey naturally take in Greek as well as Latin texts, but also epigraphic material in other languages relevant to the Roman world. In the hope that they might usefully reflect the various fields of primary interest to readers of this journal, we have maintained the categories established in the last survey. These comprise, after material of general interest and significance, principal divisions under the headings of (II) Government, law, and authority, (III) Cities, (IV) Funerary epigraphy, (V) Religions, and (VI) Language, literature, and onomastics. The structure of the first section has been changed somewhat in order to give greater prominence to those inscriptions here singled out as historical highlights. The organization of the discussion within each section (or subsection) generally moves between the thematic, chronological, and geographical, as seems to suit the material best.
A new bridge index for links with trivial knot components
Authors: KODANI YORIKO 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLet L = K1 ∪ K2 be a 2-component link in the 3-sphere such that K1 is a trivial knot. In this paper, we introduce a new bridge index, denoted by bK1 = 1([L]), for L. Roughly speaking, bK1 = 1([L]) is the minimum of the bridge numbers of the links ambient isotopic to L under the constraint that all of the bridge numbers of the components corresponding to K1 are 1. We provide a lower bound estimate of bK1 = 1([L]) in the case when L is a non-split satellite link. By using this result, we show that for each integer n(≥ 2), there exists a link Ln = K1n ∪ K2n with K1n a trivial knot such that bK1n = 1([Ln])−b([Ln]) = n−1, where b([Ln]) is the bridge index of Ln.
The primitive ideal space of the C*-algebra of the affine semigroup of algebraic integers
Authors: ECHTERHOFF SIEGFRIED , LACA MARCELO 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to give a complete description of the primitive ideal space of the C*-algebra [R] associated to the ring of integers R in a number field K in the recent paper [5]. As explained in [5], [R] can be realized as the Toeplitz C*-algebra of the affine semigroup R ⋊ R× over R and as a full corner of a crossed product C0() ⋊ K ⋊ K*, where is a certain adelic space. Therefore Prim([R]) is homeomorphic to the primitive ideal space of this crossed product. Using a recent result of Sierakowski together with the fact that every quasi-orbit for the action of K ⋊ K* on contains at least one point with trivial stabilizer we show that Prim([R]) is homeomorphic to the quasi-orbit space for the action of K ⋊ K* on , which in turn may be identified with the power set of the set of prime ideals of R equipped with the power-cofinite topology.
DNA fragmentation, transgene expression and embryo development after intracytoplasmic injection of DNA–liposome complexes in IVF bovine zygotes
Authors: Vichera G. , Moro L.N. , Buemo C. , Salamone D. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the quality and viability of bovine embryos produced byin vitrofertilization (IVF), after intracytoplasmic injection of pCX–EGFP–liposome complexes or pBCKIP2.8–liposome complexes (plasmids that codify the human insulin gene). Cleavage, blastocysts and expanded blastocysts rates of these both groups were not different from that of controls (IVF or IVF embryos injected with liposomes alone; IVF-L). The percentage of EGFP-positive (EGFP+) blastocysts was 41.8%. In Experiment 2, the blastocysts obtained after injection of pCX–EGFP–liposome complexes that did or did not express the transgene, were analyzed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling) assay at days 6, 7 and 8 of culturein vitro(Bd6, Bd7 and Bd8), in order to evaluate DNA fragmentation. The EGFP+blastocysts showed different proportions of TUNEL-positive cells (T+) at Bd6, Bd7 and Bd8 (91, 73.7 and 99.5%, respectively) while blastocysts without EGFP expression (EGFP−) showed statistically lower numbers of fragmented nuclei (0, 44.6 and 85%, respectively;P< 0.05). There was no evidence of DNA fragmentation in either Bd6 or Bd7 IVF and IVF-L control blastocysts, but T+nuclei were detected at Bd8 in both groups (66.4 and 85.8% respectively). Finally, IVF blastocysts (n= 21) injected withinsulin–liposome complexes, cultured for 6, 7 and 8 days, were transferred to recipient cows. Pregnancy rates of 18.2% (2/11) and 40% (2/5) resulted from the transfer of Bd6 and Bd7 cells, respectively. Two pregnancies developed to term but they were not transgenic for theinsulingene. In conclusion, EGFP expression affects DNA integrity but not embryo development. Moreover, additional transfers are required in order to overcome the drawbacks generated byin vitroculture length and transgene expression.
Associations of intake of antioxidant vitamins and fatty acids with asthma in pre-school children
Authors: Nakamura Kozue , Wada Keiko , Sahashi Yukari , Tamai Yuya , Tsuji Michiko , Watanabe Kaori , Ohtsuchi Sakiko , Ando Kyoko , Nagata Chisato 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing childhood asthma rates may be due to changing dietary lifestyle. We investigated the association of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and fatty acids with asthma in Japanese pre-school children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSchool-based survey on lifestyle/diet and health status in children in Japan.SubjectsParents of 452 children aged 3–6 years completed a questionnaire on the children's and parents’ lifestyle and demographics. Children were classified into asthma cases and non-asthma cases in accordance with the ATS-DLD (American Thoracic Society and Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) questionnaire. Children's diet was assessed using a 3 d dietary record completed by parents. Children's age, sex, BMI, history of food allergy, maternal age, parental history of allergy, maternal education, family size and second-hand smoking were included as covariates. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between children's diet and asthma.ResultsCompared with children with the lowest intake tertile for vitamin C and vitamin E, those in the highest were significantly inversely associated with asthma; adjusted OR (95 % CI) were 0·35 (0·14, 0·88) and 0·32 (0·12, 0·85), respectively. A statistically significant trend was also observed. Fruit intake showed an inverse but insignificant association with asthma. There were no associations of any type of fatty acids with asthma.ConclusionsThese data suggest that children with high intakes of vitamins C and E may be associated with a reduced prevalence of asthma.
Global transport of passive tracers in conventional and superparameterized climate models: Evaluation of multi‐scale methods
Authors: Rosa D. , Lamarque J. F. , Collins W. D. 
Published: October 2012

The global transport of the surface‐emitted short‐lived passive tracers radon and methyl iodide is simulated in a cloud‐resolving Global Climate Model (GCM) for the first time and compared against simulations with a conventional GCM in which cloud processes are not resolved. Both models are operated in chemical transport mode in which the large scale flow is set to observationally derived dynamic and thermodynamic fields from a meteorological reanalysis. Simulated vertical profiles of tracers concentrations from both models are compared with profiles observed in situ. The comparisons suggest that the cloud‐resolving GCM is, to a small degree, better than the conventional GCM in reproducing the vertical gradients and hence the convective entrainment and detrainment of passive tracers. Contrasting only simulated climatological maps of tracers concentrations from the two models, we find consistent and appreciable relative differences that create a quadrupole pattern in the vertical direction. Relative to the conventional GCM, the tracer concentrations from the cloud‐resolving GCM results are depleted from the surface to 1 km and from 4 to 12 Km and enriched from 1 to 4 km and above 12 km. This might have important implications for climate and atmospheric chemistry simulations but require further investigations.
Phonological and Motor Errors in Individuals With Acquired Sound Production Impairment
Authors: Buchwald Adam , Miozzo Michele 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis study aimed to compare sound production errors arising due to phonological processing impairment with errors arising due to motor speech impairment.MethodTwo speakers with similar clinical profiles who produced similar consonant cluster simplification errors were examined using a repetition task. We compared both overall accuracy and acoustic details of hundreds of productions with target consonant clusters to tokens with singletons. Changes in accuracy over the course of the study were also compared.ResultsIn target words with consonant cluster simplification, the individual whose errors reflected phonological impairment produced articulatory timing consistent with singleton onsets. These productions improved when resyllabification was possible, but error rates were not affected by exposure. In contrast, the individual with motoric-based errors produced simplifications that contained the articulatory timing associated with clusters. Accuracy was not affected by the ability to resyllabify, but it did significantly improve following repeated production.ConclusionsOur findings reveal clear differences between errors arising in phonological processing and in motor planning that reflect the underlying systems. The changes over the course of the study suggest that error types with different sources are responsive to different intervention strategies.
Effectiveness of Harvest Control Rules in Managing American Lobster Fishery in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Harvest control rules (HCRs) are commonly applied in managing fisheries resources. However, no HCR is explicitly defined for the fishery of American lobster Homarus americanus in the Gulf of Maine (GOM), one of the most valuable commercial fisheries in the USA. In this study we evaluated five HCRs: the “linear” HCR, the “nonlinear middle convex” HCR, the “nonlinear convex” HCR, the “nonlinear concave” HCR, and the “catch” HCR. The first four HCRs use fishing mortality curves as boundaries that could adjust the next year's target fishing mortality linearly or nonlinearly based on the stock abundance, while the fifth HCR links the catch-based boundaries to the stock abundance. A sex-specific and size-dependent operating model was developed to simulate the GOM lobster fishery managed by the above five HCRs. Four performance measures were used to quantify the effectiveness of HCRs in the lobster fishery management. For each HCR we considered both short-term and long-term management time periods and scenarios of different recruitment dynamics and natural mortality rates, as well as uncertainties in key fishery parameters. This study shows that the linear HCR can effectively maintain the fishing mortality and stock abundance around the target levels. The nonlinear concave HCR could result in a higher lowest legal biomass and a higher terminal legal biomass in a short-term management period, especially when the abundance was low. Comparing the nonlinear middle convex HCR and the “nonlinear convex” HCR, when the abundance was high, an increase of the fishing mortality would not increase the total catch but would decrease the terminal legal biomass. The fishing mortality-based HCR was more effective than the catch-based HCR in managing the GOM American lobster fishery.
Received March 14, 2011; accepted July 12, 2012
Getting mobile right: start with who and why, not what and how
Authors: RAPPLE Charlie 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTMobile dominance is imminent. Getting mobile wrong means losing market share to disruptors; getting it right gives us an opportunity to rebuild relationships with our audience. It is the audience, therefore, that should direct mobile strategy. This means starting by researching the workflows and challenges of different segments, to understand how to add value (not just bells‐and‐whistles). We must prioritize mobile in our product development and innovation, freeing it from the ‘print + online’ paradigm so that it can fulfil different kinds of information needs and objectives. This article advocates a back‐to‐basics approach that puts audiences (not content, and not technology) at the centre of mobile strategy, and explores market segmentation and research, innovation, business models, development choices, and the wider organizational implications of getting mobile right.
Statistics usage by French academic libraries: a survey
Authors: BOUKACEM‐ZEGHMOURI Chérifa , SCHÖPFEL Joachim 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe article presents a survey on usage statistics management in academic libraries in France. The objective is to provide empirical evidence on real methods and processes, best practices and problems experienced by librarians. The survey adapted Baker and Read's methodology to the French context. One‐third of French academic libraries answered the survey. Results show that usage statistics are crucial for librarians' daily work. COUNTER reports are mostly used, specifically the JR1 format. Two‐thirds of the libraries enhance the usage statistics with other data. Librarians face three major difficulties: lack of time, lack of usage data produced by French vendors, and the need for customized tools. The article contains a short literature review and ends with recommendations for further studies. It is the first published survey on usage data management in France and allows for comparison with results from other countries.
Article and book reading patterns of scholars: findings for publishers
Authors: TENOPIR Carol , VOLENTINE Rachel , KING Donald W. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTSurveys of academic staff in six universities in the UK provide insights for publishers into scholarly article and book reading patterns of academics and differences based on personal characteristics of readers. These surveys were part of the 2011 UK Scholarly Reading and the Value of the Library Study funded by JISC Collections and based on studies conducted by Tenopir and King since 1977. Scholarly articles, especially those obtained from the library's e‐journal collections, are a vital part of academic work. Reading patterns of books are quite different than articles; books most often come from personal print collections. Book readings are still important for research and teaching, however, especially for humanists. Academics come into contact with multiple sources of information every day and therefore, convenience and easy access are important factors. Knowing more about academic reading patterns helps publishers and librarians design more effective journal systems and services now and into the future.
A survey on the use of CrossCheck for detecting plagiarism in journal articles
Authors: ZHANG Yuehong (Helen) , JIA Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this survey was to investigate journal editors' use of CrossCheck, powered by iThenticate, to detect plagiarism, and their attitude to potential plagiarism once discovered. A 22‐question survey was sent to 3,305 recipients, primarily scholarly journal editors from Anglophone countries, and a reduced 10‐question version to 607 editors from non‐Anglophone countries. The response rate was 5.6%. 42% of all respondents had used CrossCheck in their work. The main findings are as follows: (1) the plagiarism detection tool and its similarity report are extremely useful and effective and can assist editors in screening documents suspected of plagiarism; (2) responses show the journal editors' attitude and level of tolerance towards different kinds of plagiarism in different disciplines; (3) the survey results underscore a clear consensus on editorial standards on plagiarism, but there were small variations between different disciplines and countries, as well as between Anglophone and non‐Anglophone. The study also suggests that further work is needed to establish a universal principle and practical approaches to prevent plagiarism and duplicate publication.
A new bmj.com: now with added Drupal
Authors: BERHANE Daniel , PAYNE David 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis case study describes a two year co‐development project involving BMJ Group and HighWire Press to redesign and migrate the company's flagship website, bmj.com, to Drupal. The new site went live in November 2011. The project achieved its five main objectives: (i) to boost discoverability of new content; (ii) increase user engagement; (iii) increase traffic; (iv) promote the site's channels (research, education, comment, news, multimedia, specialties); and (v) drive referrals to other BMJ Group product sites.