bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of optical coherence tomography and histology in microcystic adnexal carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Alawi S. A. , Batz S. , Röwert‐Huber J. , Fluhr J. W. , Lademann J. , Ulrich M. 
Published: February 2014

Background/AimsHerein, we report a case of microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC), which we correlated and evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and conventional H&E histology.MethodsA commercially available OCT scanner was used for imaging. Several multi‐slice images were obtained from the central portion of the lesion. Correlation of OCT findings with histology was performed retrospectively.ResultsMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma showed characteristic criteria, which were divided into superficial and sub‐epidermal findings.ConclusionThe use of OCT can visualize characteristic criteria of MAC, thus enabling prompt diagnosis before surgery.
The effect of four different pasture species compositions on nitrate leaching losses under high N loading
Authors: Malcolm B. J. , Cameron K. C. , Di H. J. , Edwards G. R. , Moir J. L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNitrate () leaching can cause elevated concentrations of ‐N in water, which can have adverse impacts on water quality and human health. In grazed pasture systems, most of the ‐N leaching occurs beneath animal urine‐N deposits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of four different pasture species compositions [perennial ryegrass/white clover (P. ryegrass WC), tall fescue/white clover (T. fescue WC), Italian ryegrass/white clover (It. ryegrass WC) and perennial ryegrass/Italian ryegrass/white clover/red clover/chicory/plantain (Diverse)] on ‐N leaching losses from animal urine patches, and to examine the relative importance of root system architecture and seasonal activity to reduce ‐N leaching losses. The results show that ‐N leaching losses were 24–54% lower beneath It. ryegrass WC than other pasture species. Total dry matter (DM) yield in the season following establishment was 11–58% greater in the It. ryegrass WC pasture, while average winter daily N uptake rate of It. ryegrass WC over the two seasons was on average 58% greater than P. ryegrass WC and T. fescue WC. In the second season, the P. ryegrass WC and T. fescue WC pastures had up to 140 and 82% more roots between 0 and 40 cm depth, respectively, than the other pasture species compositions. These results suggest that in grazed pasture systems, high plant winter activity (plant growth/root metabolic activity) is more important than specific root architecture (e.g. deep roots) to reduce ‐N leaching losses.
Regulation of plant immunity through ubiquitin‐mediated modulation of Ca2+–calmodulin–AtSR1/CAMTA3 signaling
Authors: Zhang Lei , Du Liqun , Shen Chenjia , Yang Yanjun , Poovaiah B.W. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryTransient changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration are essential signals for activation of plant immunity. It has also been reported that Ca2+ signals suppress salicylic acid‐mediated plant defense through AtSR1/CAMTA3, a member of the Ca2+/calmodulin‐regulated transcription factor family that is conserved in multicellular eukaryotes. How plants overcome this negative regulation to mount an effective defense response during a stage of intracellular Ca2+ surge is unclear. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of an important component of ubiquitin ligase, and the associated AtSR1 turnover. The AtSR1 interaction protein 1 (SR1IP1) was identified by CytoTrap two‐hybrid screening. The loss‐of‐function mutant of SR1IP1 is more susceptible to bacterial pathogens, and over‐expression of SR1IP1 confers enhanced resistance, indicating that SR1IP1 acts as a positive regulator of plant defense. SR1IP1 and AtSR1 act in the same signaling pathway to regulate plant immunity. SR1IP1 contains the structural features of a substrate adaptor in cullin 3‐based E3 ubiquitin ligase, and was shown to serve as a substrate adaptor that recruits AtSR1 for ubiquitination and degradation when plants are challenged with pathogens. Hence, SR1IP1 positively regulates plant immunity by removing the defense suppressor AtSR1. These findings provide a mechanistic insight into how Ca2+‐mediated actions are coordinated to achieve effective plant immunity.
Normal root elongation requires arginine produced by argininosuccinate lyase in rice
Authors: Xia Jixing , Yamaji Naoki , Che Jing , Shen Ren Fang , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: February 2014

SummaryPlant roots play an important role in the uptake of water and nutrients, structural support and environmental sensing, but the molecular mechanisms involved in root development are poorly understood in rice (Oryza sativa), which is characterized by a dense fibrous root system. Here we report a rice mutant (red1 for root elongation defect 1) with short roots. Morphological and physiological analyses showed that the mutant had a shorter length from the quiescent center (QC) to the starting point of the elongation zone but a similar cell size and number of lateral and crown roots compared with the wild type. Furthermore, the mutant had similar radial structure and nutrient uptake patterns to the wild type. Map‐based cloning revealed that the mutant phenotype was caused by a point mutation of a gene encoding an argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), catalyzing the last step of arginine biosynthesis. The OsASL1 gene has two distinct transcripts, OsASL1.1 and OsASL1.2, which result from different transcription start sites, but only OsASL1.1 was able to complement the mutant phenotype. OsASL1.1 was expressed in both the roots and shoots. The protein encoded by OsASL1.1 showed ASL activity in yeast. OsALS1.1 was localized to the plastid. The short root of the mutant was rescued by exogenous addition of arginine, but not by other amino acids. These results indicate that arginine produced by ASL is required for normal root elongation in rice.
Overexpression of the cytosolic cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX7) from Arabidopsis causes specific changes in root growth and xylem differentiation
Authors: Köllmer Ireen , Novák Ondřej , Strnad Miroslav , Schmülling Thomas , Werner Tomáš 
Published: February 2014

SummaryDegradation of the plant hormone cytokinin is catalyzed by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) enzymes. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes seven CKX proteins which differ in subcellular localization and substrate specificity. Here we analyze the CKX7 gene, which to the best of our knowledge has not yet been studied. pCKX7:GUS expression was detected in the vasculature, the transmitting tissue and the mature embryo sac. A CKX7–GFP fusion protein localized to the cytosol, which is unique among all CKX family members. 35S:CKX7‐expressing plants developed short, early terminating primary roots with smaller apical meristems, contrasting with plants overexpressing other CKX genes. The vascular bundles of 35S:CKX7 primary roots contained only protoxylem elements, thus resembling the wol mutant of the CRE1/AHK4 receptor gene. We show that CRE1/AHK4 activity is required to establish the CKX7 overexpression phenotype. Several cytokinin metabolites, in particular cis‐zeatin (cZ) and N‐glucoside cytokinins, were depleted stronger in 35S:CKX7 plants compared with plants overexpressing other CKX genes. Interestingly, enhanced protoxylem formation together with reduced primary root growth was also found in the cZ‐deficient tRNA isopentenyltransferase mutant ipt2,9. However, different cytokinins were similarly efficient in suppressing 35S:CKX7 and ipt2,9 vascular phenotypes. Therefore, we hypothesize that the pool of cytosolic cytokinins is particularly relevant in the root procambium where it mediates the differentiation of vascular tissues through CRE1/AHK4. Taken together, the distinct consequences of CKX7 overexpression indicate that the cellular compartmentalization of cytokinin degradation and substrate preference of CKX isoforms are relevant parameters that define the activities of the hormone.
Infusion technique of hematopoietic progenitor cells and related adverse events (CME)
Authors: Mulay Sudhanshu B. , Greiner Carl W. , Mohr Amy , Bryant Sandra C. , Lingineni Ravi K. , Padley Doug , Hogan William J. , Gastineau Dennis A. , Jacob Eapen K. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe use of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant has risen over the past two decades. A variety of adverse events (AEs) of varying severity have been noted during HPC infusions. These AEs have been associated with several factors such as the amount of dimethyl sulfoxide and white blood cells in the HPC product. We performed a single‐institution retrospective analysis to determine the effect of two different HPC infusion techniques, manual push with syringes versus infusion from bags with the aid of gravity, on the occurrence of infusion‐related AEs.Study Design and MethodsInfusions between December 2008 and November 2010 involving peripheral blood HPCs were reviewed. Pertinent clinical and HPC product–related information was recorded. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence of infusion‐related AEs and its association with patient and product‐related variables.ResultsWe found 461 AEs in 645 patients during the study period. A total of 325 (50%) experienced at least one AE. Flushing was the most common type of AE followed by nausea and hypertension. The use of syringe infusion was more commonly associated with AEs (odds ratio, 1.82 [95% confidence interval, 1.32‐2.50]; p = 0.002). Other independent risk factors were cryopreserved products and the amount of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the product.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study examining the effect of two different infusion techniques on infusion‐related AEs. Our findings suggest that the use of bags for infusion protected the patients from AEs.
The impact of recent vincristine on human hematopoietic progenitor cell collection in pediatric patients with central nervous system tumors
Authors: Cooling Laura , Bombery Melissa , Hoffmann Sandra , Davenport Robertson , Robertson Patricia , Levine John E. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) malignancies represent 20% of all childhood cancers. To improve outcomes in infants and children with high‐risk disease, treatment can include adjuvant chemotherapy and early autologous peripheral blood human progenitor cell collection (AHPCC), followed by high‐dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue. In many protocols, postoperative chemotherapy includes the administration of weekly vincristine (VCR) between induction chemotherapy cycles, regardless of scheduled AHPCC. We observed anecdotal AHPCC failures in children receiving midcycle VCR (MC‐VCR).Study Design and MethodsThe study was an 8‐year retrospective chart review of all children with a CNS malignancy and who underwent AHPCC. Information included patient demographic and clinical data, mobilization regimen, VCR administration, product yields, infusion toxicity, and patient charges. Data were analyzed relative to MC‐VCR administration. Graphics and statistical analysis (t‐test, chi‐square, linear regression) were performed with commercial software.ResultsTwenty‐four patients and 47 AHPCCs were available for analysis. Nine patients (37%) received MC‐VCR within 7 days of scheduled AHPCC. MC‐VCR was associated with delayed marrow recovery (17.9 days vs. 14.9 days, p = 0.0012), decreased median peripheral CD34 counts (75 × 106 CD34/L vs. 352 × 106 CD34/L, p = 0.03), decreased median CD34 yields (2.4 × 106 CD34/L vs. 17.8 × 106 CD34/kg, p = 0.08), more AHPCCs per mobilization (2.9 vs. 1.1, p = 0.01), and an increased rate of remobilization (33% vs. 6%). Mean patient charges were 2.5× higher in patients receiving MC‐VCR than controls (p = 0.01).ConclusionMC‐VCR should be withheld before scheduled AHPCC to optimize CD34 collection.
Protection and Performance
Authors: Francois Joseph , Manchin Miriam 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe examine the linkages between import policy and export performance, extending classic macroeconomic trade effects to more recent concepts from the modern literature on gravity models. We also examine these effects empirically with a panel of global and bilateral trade spanning 15 years. Our emphasis on the role of import policy (i.e. tariffs) of exporters as an explanation of trade volumes contrasts with the recent emphasis on importer policy in the gravity literature. It also reinforces the growing body of evidence on the importance of economic environmental (policy and infrastructure) conditions in explaining relative export performance and is in line with the literature on global value chains.
Removal of viable bacteria in lake water by denim filtration
Authors: Suzuki Tasuma , Diyana Binti Jamil Noor , Niinae Masakazu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA series of experiments were performed to investigate the removal of viable bacteria [Escherichia coli, total coliforms and standard plate count (SPC) bacteria] in lake water by denim filtration. Filtration with indigo reagent‐dyed denim physically removed E. coli (up to 95%) and total coliforms (up to 92%) from lake water. The removal efficiencies of SPC bacteria (up to 85%) were generally lower than those of E. coli and total coliforms. The adsorption of bacteria to particulate matter larger than the effective pore size of the denim (ca. 48 μm) and the subsequent physical sieving of the large particulate matter seemed to be the dominant disinfection mechanism.
Modelling American Trypanosomiasis in an Endemic Zone: Application to the Initial Spread of Household Infection in the Argentine Chaco
Authors: Fabrizio M. C. , Schweigmann N. J. , Bartoloni N. J. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe complex dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas disease) involves different actors and multiple transmission routes. Based on the information currently available, here, we propose a new and more comprehensive model to better understand the dynamics of the infection. This mathematical deterministic model was formulated considering: (i) the three clinical forms in humans: acute, chronic indeterminate and chronic with determinate pathology, (ii) the three main modes of transmission in the human population: vector‐borne, congenital and transfusional, (iii) populations of triatomines and dogs as the main domestic reservoirs of T. cruzi and (iv) open populations. A numerical simulation was also performed to estimate the initial spread of the infection in a typical rural household in the endemic zone of the Argentine Gran Chaco. We also analysed the incidence of infected individuals corresponding to each of the three species (humans/triatomines/dogs) over times until the appearance of the first case in the other species. The model predicts that, in the absence of control measures, a few infected individuals are sufficient for the establishment and dispersion of the infection in all the inhabitants of the household. The model proposed and the results obtained allow describing the consequences of the presence of infected individuals in any of the three species considered in the dynamics and the output of the infection.
An Increased Ratio of Glycated Albumin to HbA1c Is Associated with the Degree of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Patients
Authors: Enomoto Hirayuki , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Nakamura Hideji , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Iwata Yoshinori , Tanaka Hironori , Ikeda Naoto , Aoki Tomoko , Yuri Yukihisa , Yoh Kazunori , Hashimoto Kenji , Ishii Akio , Takashima Tomoyuki , Iwata Kazunari , Saito Masaki , Imanishi Hiroyasu , Iijima Hiroko , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: February 2014

Background. In hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) positive patients, the relationship between the metabolic variables and histological degree of liver fibrosis has been poorly investigated.Methods. A total of 176 HBV-positive patients were assessed in whom the ratios of glycated albumin-to-glycated hemoglobin (GA/HbA1c) were calculated in order to investigate the relationship with the degree of liver fibrosis.Results. The GA/HbA1c ratio increased in association with the severity of fibrosis (METAVIR scores: F0-1: 2.61 ± 0.24, F2: 2.65 ± 0.24, F3: 2.74 ± 0.38, and F4: 2.91 ± 0.63). The GA/HbA1c ratios were inversely correlated with four variables of liver function: the prothrombin time (PT) percentage (P<0.0001), platelet count (P<0.0001), albumin value (P<0.0001), and cholinesterase value (P<0.0001). The GA/HbA1c ratio was positively correlated with two well-known markers of liver fibrosis, FIB-4 (P<0.0001) and the AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the GA/HbA1c showed better correlations with two variables of liver function (PT percentage and cholinesterase value) than did FIB-4 and with all four variables than did the APRI.Conclusion. The GA/HbA1c ratio is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in HBV-positive patients.Corrigendum to “An Increased Ratio of Glycated Albumin to HbA1c Is Associated with the Degree of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Patients”
New Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer—Deciphering the Heterogeneity
Authors: Mayer Ingrid A. , Abramson Vandana G. , Lehmann Brian D. , Pietenpol Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease; gene expression analyses recently identified six distinct TNBC subtypes, each displaying a unique biology. Exploring novel approaches to treatment of these subtypes is critical because less than 30% of women with metastatic breast cancer survive five years and virtually all women with metastatic TNBC will ultimately die of their disease despite systemic therapy. To date, not a single targeted therapy has been approved for the treatment of TNBC and cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard treatment. We discuss the current and upcoming therapeutic strategies being explored in an attempt to “target” TNBC. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 782–90. ©2014 AACR.
The Berry-Esséen bound of sample quantiles for NA sequence
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhang Zhimian , Hu Shuhe , Yang Wenzhi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
By using the exponential inequality, we investigate the Berry-Esséen bound of sample quantiles for negatively associated (NA) random variables and obtain the rate

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Effect of statins on cardiovascular events in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xiang Chun , Zhou Yu-Hao , Jiang An , Qin Ying-Yi , He Jia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Statins are commonly used to lower total cholesterol levels in the general population to prevent cardiovascular events. However, the effects of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease remain unclear. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, EmBase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, proceedings of major meetings, and reference lists of articles for relevant literature. Only randomized clinical trials were included. Outcomes analysed included cardiovascular disease, total mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death, and possible drug-related adverse events. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on the population characteristics and clinical indexes.

Results
Twelve trials met our inclusion criteria. Overall, statin therapy resulted in a 24% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease (RR = 0.76,95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72– 0.80), a 21% reduction in the risk of total mortality (RR = 0.79,95% CI, 0.72–0.86), a 34% reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction (RR = 0.66,95% CI, 0.52–0.83), a 30% reduction in the risk of stroke (RR = 0.70,95% CI, 0.57–0.85), and a 17% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.83,95% CI, 0.73– 0.93). No statistically significant drug-related adverse events were noted. Subgroup analysis indicated that some important factors such as baseline creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dL, baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and cardiovascular disease history could affect cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusion
Statin therapy had a clear effect on cardiovascular disease, total mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction in patients with mild to moderate renal disease. Subgroup analysis indicated that baseline GFR, baseline creatinine level, and a history of cardiovascular disease might play an important role in the cardiovascular outcomes.
Decreased GATA5 mRNA expression associates with CpG island methylation and shortened recurrence-free survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Peters Inga , Dubrowinskaja Natalia , Kogosov Michael , Abbas Mahmoud , Hennenlotter Jörg , von Klot Christoph , Merseburger Axel S , Stenzl Arnulf , Scherer Ralph , Kuczyk Markus A , Serth Jürgen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
GATA-5, a zinc-finger transcription factor and member of the GATA family proteins 1–6, is known to be involved in cellular differentiation. We recently found that tumor-specific hypermethylation of the GATA5 CpG island (CGI) occurs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and is associated with an adverse clinical outcome. In this study, we investigated whether epigenetic GATA5 alterations may result in changes in GATA5 mRNA expression levels and correlate with the observed prognostic impact of epigenetic changes in GATA5 in RCC.

Methods
Quantitative real-time reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure relative GATA5 mRNA expression levels in 135 kidney tissue samples, including 77 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and 58 paired adjacent normal renal tissue samples. Relative GATA5 expression levels were determined using the ΔΔCt method and detection of three endogenous control genes then compared to previously measured values of relative methylation.

Results
The mean relative GATA5 mRNA expression level exhibited an approximately 31-fold reduction in tumor specimens compared with corresponding normal tissues (p < 0.001, paired t-test). Decreased GATA5 mRNA expression was inversely correlated with increased GATA5 CGI methylation (p < 0.001) and was associated with shortened recurrence-free survival in ccRCC patients (p = 0.023, hazard ratio = 0.25).

Conclusion

GATA5 mRNA expression is decreased in ccRCC, likely due to gene silencing by methylation of the GATA5 CGI. Moreover, reduced GATA5 mRNA levels were associated with a poor clinical outcome, indicating a possible role of GATA5 for the development of aggressive ccRCC phenotypes.