bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term occlusion results with SILK flow diversion in 28 aneurysms: Do recanalizations occur during follow-up?
Authors: Mpotsaris Anastasios , Skalej Martin , Beuing Oliver , Eckert Bernd , Behme Daniel , Weber Werner 
Published: May 2015

Background and purpose The purpose of this article is to report on the long-term success rates of Silk flow-diverter (FD) treatment in a multicenter prospective study for the treatment of complex aneurysms. Methods Between May 2008 and January 2011, all consecutive patients featuring complex intracranial aneurysms eligible for FD treatment with the Silk in three neurovascular centers were included. Clinical and imaging data were assessed during hospitalization and follow-up. Results Five patients were initially asymptomatic, 20 patients showed various neurological symptoms. Twenty-eight FDs were implanted in 25 patients treating 28 aneurysms. The immediate procedure-related morbidity was 8% (two of 25), mortality 0%. One procedure-related death was observed during follow-up (in-stent thrombosis). Compared to the immediate result nearly two of three aneurysms improved during follow-up; all angiographically confirmed inflow changes took place within six months after treatment. Final anatomic outcome in 24 aneurysms of 22 patients comprised 14 (59%) with complete occlusion, seven (29%) with a neck remnant, two (8%) with residual filling <50%, none with residual filling >50% and one (4%) unchanged in comparison to its pretreatment status. Postinterventional recanalizations were seen in three of 13 (23%) aneurysms treated with FD alone; none were observed in 15 aneurysms treated with adjunctive coiling. Conclusion Anatomic presentation and location are key for successful FD treatment. The rate of successful occlusion increases during follow-up. Postinterventional monitoring for at least six months is paramount, as anatomic outcome is not reliably predictable and recanalizations may occur in initially completely occluded aneurysms.
The human microbiome in hematopoiesis and hematologic disorders
Authors: Manzo Veronica E. , Bhatt Ami S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHumans are now understood to be in complex symbiosis with a diverse ecosystem of microbial organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Efforts to characterize the role of these microorganisms, commonly referred as the microbiota, in human health have sought to answer the fundamental questions of what organisms are present, how are they functioning to interact with human cells, and by what mechanism are these interactions occurring. In this review, we describe recent efforts to describe the microbiota in healthy and diseased individuals, summarize the role of various molecular technologies (ranging from 16S ribosomal RNA to shotgun metagenomic sequencing) in enumerating the community structure of the microbiota, and explore known interactions between the microbiota and humans, with a focus on the microbiota’s role in hematopoiesis and hematologic diseases.
Characterization of Conventional One-Step Sodium Thiosulfate Facilitated Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Saverot Scott-Eugene , Reese Laura M , Cimini Daniela , Vikesland Peter J , Bickford Lissett Ramirez 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Gold-gold sulfide nanoparticles are of interest for drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and photothermal therapy applications due to a facile synthesis method resulting in small particles with high near-infrared (NIR) absorption efficiency. Previous studies suggest that the NIR sensitivity of these nanoparticles was due to hexagonally shaped metal-coated dielectric nanoparticles that consist of a gold sulfide core and gold shell. Here, we illustrate that the conventional synthesis procedure results in the formation of polydisperse samples of icosahedral gold particles, gold nanoplates, and small gold spheres. Importantly, through compositional analysis, via UV/vis absorption spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), we show that all of the nanoparticles exhibit identical face center cubic (FCC) gold crystalline structures, thus suggesting that sulfide is not present in the final fabricated nanoparticles. We show that icosahedrally shaped nanoparticles result in a blue-shifted absorbance, with a peak in the visible range. Alternatively, the nanoplate nanoparticles result in the characteristic NIR absorbance peak. Thus, we report that the NIR-contributing species in conventional gold-gold sulfide formulations are nanoplates that are comprised entirely of gold. Furthermore, polydisperse gold nanoparticle samples produced by the traditional one-step reduction of HAuCl4 by sodium thiosulfate show increased in vitro toxicity, compared to isolated and more homogeneous constituent samples. This result exemplifies the importance of developing monodisperse nanoparticle formulations that are well characterized in order to expedite the development of clinically beneficial nanomaterials.
A bioinformatic framework for immune repertoire diversity profiling enables detection of immunological status
Authors: Greiff Victor , Bhat Pooja , Cook Skylar C. , Menzel Ulrike , Kang Wenjing , Reddy Sai T. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background
Lymphocyte receptor repertoires are continually shaped throughout the lifetime of an individual in response to environmental and pathogenic exposure. Thus, they may serve as a fingerprint of an individual’s ongoing immunological status (e.g., healthy, infected, vaccinated), with far-reaching implications for immunodiagnostics applications. The advent of high-throughput immune repertoire sequencing now enables the interrogation of immune repertoire diversity in an unprecedented and quantitative manner. However, steadily increasing sequencing depth has revealed that immune repertoires vary greatly among individuals in their composition; correspondingly, it has been reported that there are few shared sequences indicative of immunological status ('public clones'). Disconcertingly, this means that the wealth of information gained from repertoire sequencing remains largely unused for determining the current status of immune responses, thereby hampering the implementation of immune-repertoire-based diagnostics.

Methods
Here, we introduce a bioinformatics repertoire-profiling framework that possesses the advantage of capturing the diversity and distribution of entire immune repertoires, as opposed to singular public clones. The framework relies on Hill-based diversity profiles composed of a continuum of single diversity indices, which enable the quantification of the extent of immunological information contained in immune repertoires.

Results
We coupled diversity profiles with unsupervised (hierarchical clustering) and supervised (support vector machine and feature selection) machine learning approaches in order to correlate patients’ immunological statuses with their B- and T-cell repertoire data. We could predict with high accuracy (greater than or equal to 80 %) a wide range of immunological statuses such as healthy, transplantation recipient, and lymphoid cancer, suggesting as a proof of principle that diversity profiling can recover a large amount of immunodiagnostic fingerprints from immune repertoire data. Our framework is highly scalable as it easily allowed for the analysis of 1000 simulated immune repertoires; this exceeds the size of published immune repertoire datasets by one to two orders of magnitude.

Conclusions
Our framework offers the possibility to advance immune-repertoire-based fingerprinting, which may in the future enable a systems immunogenomics approach for vaccine profiling and the accurate and early detection of disease and infection.
Approaches for estimating minimal clinically important differences in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Rai Sharan K , Yazdany Jinoos , Fortin Paul R , Aviña-Zubieta J Antonio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is an important concept used to determine whether a medical intervention improves perceived outcomes in patients. Prior to the introduction of the concept in 1989, studies focused primarily on statistical significance. As most recent clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have failed to show significant effects, determining a clinically relevant threshold for outcome scores (that is, the MCID) of existing instruments may be critical for conducting and interpreting meaningful clinical trials as well as for facilitating the establishment of treatment recommendations for patients. To that effect, methods to determine the MCID can be divided into two well-defined categories: distribution-based and anchor-based approaches. Distribution-based approaches are based on statistical characteristics of the obtained samples. There are various methods within the distribution-based approach, including the standard error of measurement, the standard deviation, the effect size, the minimal detectable change, the reliable change index, and the standardized response mean. Anchor-based approaches compare the change in a patient-reported outcome to a second, external measure of change (that is, one that is more clearly understood, such as a global assessment), which serves as the anchor. Finally, the Delphi technique can be applied as an adjunct to defining a clinically important difference. Despite an abundance of methods reported in the literature, little work in MCID estimation has been done in the context of SLE. As the MCID can help determine the effect of a given therapy on a patient and add meaning to statistical inferences made in clinical research, we believe there ought to be renewed focus on this area. Here, we provide an update on the use of MCIDs in clinical research, review some of the work done in this area in SLE, and propose an agenda for future research.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Combined effect of genetic background and gender in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis
Authors: Ruzehaji Nadira , Avouac Jerome , Elhai Muriel , Frechet Maxime , Frantz Camelia , Ruiz Barbara , Distler Joerg H. , Allanore Yannick 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder characterised by the development of skin fibrosis. Our current understanding of the disease pathogenesis is incomplete and the study of SSc is hindered, at least partially, by a lack of animal models that fully replicate the complex state of human disease. Murine model of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis encapsulates important events that take place early in the disease course.

Methods
To characterise the optimum in vivo parameters required for the successful induction of dermal fibrosis we subjected three commonly used mouse strains to repeated subcutaneous bleomycin injections. We aimed to identify the effects of genetic background and gender on the severity of skin fibrosis. We used male and female Balb/C, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 strains and assessed their susceptibility to bleomycin-induced fibrosis by measuring dermal thickness, hydroxyproline/collagen content and number of resident myofibroblasts, all of which are important indicators of the severity of skin fibrosis. All data are expressed as mean values ± SEM. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis with GraphPad Prism 6.04 software.

Results
Dermal fibrosis was most severe in Balb/C mice compared to C57BL/6 and DBA/2 suggesting that Balb/C mice are more susceptible to bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Analysis of the effect of gender on the severity of fibrosis showed that male Balb/C, C57BL/6, DBA/2 mice had a tendency to develop more pronounced fibrosis phenotype than female mice. Of potential importance, male Balb/C mice developed the most severe fibrosis phenotype compared to male C57BL/6 and male DBA/2 as indicated by significantly increased number of dermal myofibroblasts.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the importance of genetic background and gender in the induction of murine dermal fibrosis. Robust and reproducible animal models of fibrosis are important research tools used in pharmacological studies which may lead to better understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases and assist in identification of new drugs.
Grammatical metaphor: What do we mean? What exactly are we researching?
Authors: Devrim Devo Y 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper aims to explore grammatical metaphor (GM) from a theoretical perspective. In order to achieve this, the paper firstly presents two models that theorize GM, namely the stratal model (Halliday, 1985a, 1988, 1998; Martin, 1992a, 1993b; Halliday & Martin, 1993) and the semantic model (Halliday & Matthiessen, 1999). GM types and instances show differences according to the model that theorizes GM; the paper, therefore, will explore the types and instances of GM. This will be followed by research studies that investigated the development of GM in language development and language education in order to present how GM theorization has been applied in literature. Finally, the paper will recount of a recent research study (Devrim, 2013) that aimed to develop an approach to teaching GM using an integrated model. The paper will conclude with a discussion and pedagogical implications for researchers and educators.
Is “cooling then freezing” a humane way to kill amphibians and reptiles?
Authors: Shine Richard , Amiel Joshua , Munn Adam J. , Stewart Mathew , Vyssotski Alexei L. , Lesku John A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
What is the most humane way to kill amphibians and small reptiles that are used in research? Historically, such animals were often killed by cooling followed by freezing, but this method was outlawed by ethics committees because of concerns that ice-crystals may form in peripheral tissues while the animal is still conscious, putatively causing intense pain. This argument relies on assumptions about the capacity of such animals to feel pain, the thermal thresholds for tissue freezing, the temperature-dependence of nerve-impulse transmission and brain activity, and the magnitude of thermal differentials within the bodies of rapidly-cooling animals. A review of published studies casts doubt on those assumptions, and our laboratory experiments on cane toads (Rhinella marina) show that brain activity declines smoothly during freezing, with no indication of pain perception. Thus, cooling followed by freezing can offer a humane method of killing cane toads, and may be widely applicable to other ectotherms (especially, small species that are rarely active at low body temperatures). More generally, many animal-ethics regulations have little empirical basis, and research on this topic is urgently required in order to reduce animal suffering.
Prometejska racja stanu
Authors: Światłowski Bartosz 
Published: May 2015

The Promethean reason of the state. The history of the Promethean movement in the Second Polish Republic
Prometheism, which started to develop in 1921, after the Polish‑Bolshevik Peace of Riga, was both an ideological and political project. The idea of liberating nations oppressed by the Soviet Union was accompanied by publishing activities, institutional and community network. The article presents the genesis of Prometheism, its geopolitical and historical sources, political provenance of its main activists, evolution of the movement in the 1930s and the institutional dimension of Polish Prometheists. The paper also discusses the most important views of the creators of the movement, including thoughts on Russian imperialism, solidarity with enslaved nations and the united fight for “our freedom and yours”, originating both in the sense of mission and the analysis of the Republic of Poland’s reason of state. The author focuses on two important elements of the movement – the realism of the political concept and the Promethean elite’s political thought about the state, the nation and the geopolitics of Eastern Europe.
Parlament Samów w Szwecji – forma przejściowa czy ostateczna?
Authors: Magiera Justyna 
Published: May 2015

Sami Parliament in Sweden – a temporal or final institution?
The article examines the meaning of the Sami Parliament in Sweden from the perspective of the self‑determination discourse. The Sami Parliament is believed to be the most important political institution for contemporary Sami society. The creation of the Sami Parliament was a fundamental step for this society because it increased Sami minority influence. What is more, Sami people are the only minority in Sweden which has its own representative body. The author of the article analyses how this institution works as a part of the Swedish political system and in comparison to other similar institutions. The aim is to predict Sami Parliament’s possible ways of development and its future role within Sami society’s right to self‑determination.
Barcoding, phylogeography and species boundaries in clownfishes of the Indian Ocean
Authors: Dhaneesh Kottila Veettil , Kumar Thipramalai Thankappan Ajith , Kumar Appukuttannair Biju 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study, barcoding of 13 clownfish species of the Indian Ocean was carried out to infer the phylogenetic relationships among them by analyzing cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and cytochrome
Social and paralinguistic cues to sarcasm
Authors: Caucci Gina M. , Kreuz Roger J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSpeakers signal sarcastic intent in a variety of ways, including the words they use and the tone of voice they employ. In this paper, we investigate whether facial cues are also used to indicate sarcastic intent. Participants were audio- and videotaped as they engaged in tasks designed to elicit sarcasm. In order to assess how facial cues differed in terms of common ground, participant pairs were divided into pairs of friends and strangers. We provide evidence that sarcasm is also signaled by a variety of facial cues, such as movement of the head, eyes, and mouth, and these cues are more commonly employed by friends than by strangers.
Effect of humor on state anxiety and math performance
Authors: Ford Thomas E. , Ford Brianna L. , Boxer Christie F. , Armstrong Jacob 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn experiment tested the hypothesis that exposure to humorous material prior to taking a difficult math test can inhibit the amount of anxiety associated with the test, and thus enhance performance. In keeping with our hypothesis, participants performed better on a math test after first being exposed to funny cartoons versus non-humorous poems or nothing at all. Mediation analyses suggest that state anxiety mediated the relationship between exposure to humorous cartoons and math performance. Participants who were first exposed to cartoons performed better on the math test because they felt less anxiety while taking the test.
A festivus for the restivus: Jewish-American comedians respond to Christmas as the national American holiday
Authors: Shouse Eric , Timberg Bernard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDrawing on scholars who have discussed humor's capacity to simultaneously unite and divide (Appel 1996; Mintz 1999; Meyer 2000) and on Kenneth Burke's (1969b) rhetoric of identification and division, this paper describes the rhetorical strategies Jewish-American humorists have used to respond to Christmas as a national American holiday. An examination of Jewish humor about Christmas contributes to the growing literature describing how Jewish humorists have helped shape American popular culture (Bloom 2003; Cohen 1987; Gabler 1988; Limon 2000; Zurawik 2003). In addition, our paper makes a theoretical contribution to the study of humor by expanding upon previous research that has focused on how humor creates unity and division. Specifically, we explain how humor can foster identification and division simultaneously not only between groups, but inside each of us, often resulting in partial forms of identification and division with our humorists.
Humor support in synchronous computer-mediated classroom discussions
Authors: Vandergriff Ilona , Fuchs Carolin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractComputer-mediated communication (CMC), more than other media, has been associated with humor and joking (e.g., Crystal 2001, 2005; Danet 1998, 2001; del-Teso-Craviotto 2006; Fisher et al. 2000; Georgakopoulou 2005; Hancock 2004; Herring 1999, 2001; North 2007; Rellstab 2007; Rouzie 2001; Sotillo 2000). In text-based synchronous CMC, paralinguistic, gestural, mimetic, or other nonverbal cues are either lacking or are transcribed in some form (e.g.,
The use of co-textual irony markers in written discourse
Authors: Burgers Christian , van Mulken Margot , Schellens Peter Jan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAuthors of written texts may mark the use of verbal irony in a variety of ways. One possibility for doing so is the use of so-called co-textual markers of irony (i.e., support strategies that open up a non-serious frame). This study aims to classify and categorize these co-textual irony markers. A content analysis of 2,042 co-textual utterances of irony across four text genres (advertisements, newspaper columns, book and film reviews, and letters to the editor) shows that three categories of support strategies could be identified: other ironic utterances, tropes and mood markers. The use of irony support strategies was positively related to the genre of newspaper columns: columns used more ironic utterances and tropes as irony support strategies than the other genres in the corpus.
The effect of joke-origin-induced expectancy on cognitive humor
Authors: Johnson Andrew J. , Mistry Kamleshwari 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFour experiments explored the effect of humor expectancy on the cognitive evaluation of jokes. Participants read jokes purportedly delivered by celebrity comedians or celebrity non-comedians. Participants reported jokes in the comedian condition to be significantly more amusing (Experiment 1). Furthermore, this effect was repeated in a within-participants replication where celebrity comedians and celebrity non-comedians were matched on positive evaluations (Experiment 2). This indicates that the findings cannot be explained via differential positive attitudes towards the celebrities in each condition. In Experiment 3, different types of jokes (incongruency/nonsensical) and humor levels (high/low) were compared. The expectancy effect was found to be more pronounced for nonsensical jokes. This was argued to be due to nonsensical jokes being more uniquely associated with comedians, whereas the ubiquity of incongruency jokes dilutes any effect of expectancy. However, Experiment 4 demonstrated that the expectancy effect is contingent on the name of the comedian being observed. In summary, it is argued that prior exposure to the named comedian primes an expectancy of forthcoming humor; this expectancy influences humor ratings. These findings are consistent with Wimer and Beins (2008), who showed that priming humor expectations through joke ratings can influence cognitive humor. The current study may explain why new comics need to “win over the audience” whereas established comedians can rely upon the expectation of humor derived from past exposures.