bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attribution of mild cognitive impairment etiology in patients and their care partners
Authors: Rodakowski Juleen , Schulz Richard , Gentry Amanda , Garand Linda , Lingler Jennifer Hagerty 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThis study examined the attribution of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) etiology assigned by individuals with MCI and their care partners, and the extent to which the dyads agreed on the attribution of MCI etiology.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of cross‐sectional data from a cohort of individuals with MCI (n = 60) and their care partners (n = 60). The mean age of the individuals with MCI was 71.0 ± 9.4 years and of care partners 64.2 ± 11.0 years. The primary outcome was attribution assigned to memory deficits on the Illness Perception Questionnaire. We categorized the attribution of MCI etiology as either potentially controllable or uncontrollable factors. We described the distribution of MCI etiology with descriptive and contingency tables. We determined the odds of a patient or care partner choosing one type of MCI etiology over another.ResultsAlthough individuals with MCI and their care partners most frequently attributed MCI to uncontrollable factors (81.7% and 61.0%, respectively), care partners were 28.41 (95% CI, 1.26 to 645.48) times more likely to attribute MCI etiology to potentially controllable factors than individuals with MCI. No significant associations between demographic factors and attribution of MCI etiology were found for the individuals with MCI or the care partners.ConclusionFindings demonstrated that members of the dyad attributed MCI etiology to different causes. Attributions of MCI etiology should be explored by professionals to clarify misconceptions and potentially improve subsequent voluntary actions intended to assist oneself or others. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognosis of delirium in hospitalized elderly: worse than we thought
Authors: Dasgupta Monidipa , Brymer Chris 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundDespite treatment of the associated condition, delirious persons do not always recover for unknown reasons. We sought to determine early prognostic indicators of poor recovery following an episode of delirium in older medical in‐patients.MethodsBetween October 2009 and July 2011, consecutively admitted older (≥70 years old) medical in‐patients at the London Health Sciences Centre (Ontario) were screened for delirium. Delirious patients were followed. The primary outcome was poor recovery, in delirious patients, defined by death, long‐term institutionalization, or functional decline (decreased activities of daily living), at discharge or 3 months after discharge, elicited from the medical chart or post‐discharge caregiver telephone interviews.ResultsOne thousand two hundred thirty‐five in‐patients (mean age 82.6 years, 42% men) were screened, delirium occurred in 355 (29%). Follow‐up data was known on 342 (96%), and 237 (69%) had poor recovery: 55 died (54 in hospital and one after discharge), 136 were permanently institutionalized (86 directly from hospital and 50 after discharge), and 46 had functional decline (at a median of 103 days after discharge). Poor recovery was associated in the derivation sample with advanced age, lower baseline function, hypoxia, higher delirium severity scores, and acute renal failure; this was predictive of poor recovery in the validation sample (receiver operating characteristic area 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.79); however, even individuals with “low” risk had high (50%) poor recovery rates.InterpretationPoor recovery after delirium is common and associated with certain characteristics. However, even “lower risk” delirious individuals do poorly. More research is needed to understand prognostic factors in delirium. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amnestic multiple cognitive domains impairment and periventricular white matter hyperintensities are independently predictive factors progression to dementia in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung , Lee Young Min , Park Je Min , Lee Byung Dae , Moon Eun Soo , Chung Young In 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveMild cognitive impairment (MCI) usually represents a transitional phase between normal cognitive function and dementia, but not all people with MCI develop dementia because MCI is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous grouping. The aim of this study was to determine whether clinical subtypes of MCI and severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were associated with progression of MCI to dementia.MethodOur study cohort consisted of 840 patients aged 55 years or older who had a diagnosis of MCI at their baseline visit and had at least one follow‐up contact after baseline.ResultsThe results of the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that both multiple domain amnestic MCI with WMH and multiple domain amnestic MCI without WMH were a significantly more likely to progress to dementia in comparison with patients with non‐amnestic MCI. Logistic regression analyses showed that PWMH (periventricular white matter hyperintensities), not the deep white matter hyperintensities, was significantly associated with incident dementia.ConclusionsThis study showed that mdMCI + a (−NL or ‐WMH) are more associated with progression to dementia. We also found that increasing severity of PWMH, not deep white matter hyperintensities, was significantly associated with incident dementia, independently of subtype of MCI. It suggests that both mdMCI + a and PWMH are good prognostic factors of progression to dementia in MCI. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of FDG‐PET and blood flow SPECT in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias: a systematic review
Authors: Davison Christopher M. , O'Brien John T. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivePerfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) both have clinical utility for the differential diagnosis of dementia. Although PET is often viewed by some as more accurate and therefore preferential, the extent to which published evidence supports this is not clear.The aim of this review was to address the question by reviewing studies of SPECT and PET imaging in dementia diagnosis, with a particular focus on all published head‐to‐head studies.DesignA MEDLINE search was carried out using the following keywords: “PET” and “SPECT” and “dementia” or “Mild Cognitive Impairment,” together with “alzheimers” or “DLB” or “lewy body” or “frontotemporal” or “FTD” or “Picks.” Articles were included up to February 2013, limited to human studies and in English language.ResultsPublished studies of SPECT accuracy show that it is a useful tool for differential diagnosis, with sensitivities of 65–85% for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and specificities (for other neurodegenerative dementias) of 72–87%. PET studies generally report higher accuracy, with sensitivities of 75–99% for AD and specificities of 71–93%. However, there have been few direct head‐to‐head comparisons, with some indicating SPECT and PET to be equally useful in dementia diagnosis and others favouring PET. Many of these studies are limited with respect to numbers and methodically with poorly matched control groups.ConclusionsOverall, although studies suggest superiority of PET over SPECT, the evidence base for this is actually quite limited. We suggest that further direct comparative studies, including health economic and patient preference evaluations, are needed to help direct future service provision. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bidirectional exchange of methyl halides between tropical plants and the atmosphere
Authors: Saito Takuya , Yokouchi Yoko , Phillip Elizabeth , Okuda Toshinori 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing a stable isotope tracer technique, we studied the exchange of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br) between plants and the atmosphere in a tropical rain forest in Malaysia. Most plant species examined showed not only production but also consumption of CH3Cl with a large net emission overall. In contrast, CH3Br consumption was comparable to its production, so the net emission was small. The rates of CH3Cl and CH3Br consumption were highly correlated with each other, and their ratio was consistent with reported values in terrestrial ecosystems, where microorganisms are responsible for the consumption. Such microorganisms might participate in the consumption we observed, as the consumption rates were faster in saplings, whose leaves were generally covered by epiphytic microorganisms, than in healthy looking leaves of mature trees.
A midcrustal ramp‐fault structure beneath the Taiwan tectonic wedge illuminated by the 2013 Nantou earthquake series
Authors: Chuang Ray Y. , Johnson Kaj M. , Wu Yih‐Min , Ching Kuo‐En , Kuo Long‐Chen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTaiwan's active mountain belt is a spotlight for orogenic studies and was first used to test the critical‐taper wedge mechanics. The concept of an orogenic wedge above a shallow detachment surface has been highly influential on current understanding of orogenic processes in Taiwan. However, the recent ML 6.2 and ML 6.5 2013 Nantou reverse‐faulting earthquakes in central Taiwan have nucleated below the proposed detachment, indicating that active mountain building is occurring below the orogenic wedge. We estimate the coseismic slip distributions and fault geometry using the uniform stress drop slip inversions. The earthquakes occur on essentially the same 30° dipping fault plane ramping up from ~20 km depth near a cluster of 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake aftershocks to the shallow detachment and the Chi‐Chi fault plane. The fault could be a deep extension of a mature shallow fault or a newly developed deep ramp fault that is not reflected in the surface geology.
The role of anterior midcingulate cortex in cognitive motor control
Authors: Hoffstaedter Felix , Grefkes Christian , Caspers Svenja , Roski Christian , Palomero‐Gallagher Nicola , Laird Angie R. , Fox Peter T. , Eickhoff Simon B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe rostral cingulate cortex has been associated with a multitude of cognitive control functions. Recent neuroimaging data suggest that the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) has a key role for cognitive aspects of movement generation, i.e., intentional motor control. We here tested the functional connectivity of this area using two complementary approaches: (1) resting‐state connectivity of the aMCC based on fMRI scans obtained in 100 subjects, and (2) functional connectivity in the context of explicit task conditions using meta‐analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) over 656 imaging experiment. Both approaches revealed a convergent functional network architecture of the aMCC with prefrontal, premotor and parietal cortices as well as anterior insula, area 44/45, cerebellum and dorsal striatum. To specifically test the role of the aMCC's task‐based functional connectivity in cognitive motor control, separate MACM analyses were conducted over “cognitive” and “action” related experimental paradigms. Both analyses confirmed the same task‐based connectivity pattern of the aMCC. While the “cognition” domain showed higher convergence of activity in supramodal association areas in prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, “action” related experiments yielded higher convergence in somatosensory and premotor areas. Secondly, to probe the functional specificity of the aMCC's convergent functional connectivity, it was compared with a neural network of intentional movement initiation. This exemplary comparison confirmed the involvement of the state independent FC network of the aMCC in the intentional generation of movements. In summary, the different experiments of the present study suggest that the aMCC constitute a key region in the network realizing intentional motor control.Hum Brain Mapp 35:2741–2753, 2014. ©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SELF‐PERCEIVED JOB INSECURITY AND THE DEMAND FOR MEDICAL REHABILITATION: DOES FEAR OF UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCE HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION?
Authors: Reichert Arndt R. , Augurzky Boris , Tauchmann Harald 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAn inverse relationship between job insecurity and sickness absence has been established in the literature, which is explained by employees avoiding to send signals of both poor health and uncooperative behavior towards the employer. In this paper, we focus on whether the same mechanism applies to the demand for medical rehabilitation measures. This question has recently gained much interest in the context of the current public debate on presenteeism. Using county‐level unemployment rates as instrument for the employees' fear of job loss on the individual level, we find that an increase in subjective job insecurity substantially decreases the probability of participating in medical rehabilitation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECTS OF BICYCLE HELMET LAWS ON CHILDREN'S INJURIES
Authors: Markowitz Sara , Chatterji Pinka 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn recent years, many states and localities in the USA have enacted bicycle helmet laws. We estimate the effects of these laws on injuries requiring emergency department treatment. Using hospital‐level panel data and triple difference models, we find helmet laws are associated with reductions in bicycle‐related head injuries among children. However, laws also are associated with decreases in non‐head cycling injuries, as well as increases in head injuries from other wheeled sports. Thus, the observed reduction in bicycle‐related head injuries may be due to reductions in bicycle riding induced by the laws. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HRAS mutations and resistance to the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Hah J. Hun , Zhao Mei , Pickering Curtis R. , Frederick Mitchell J. , Andrews Genevieve A. , Jasser Samar A. , Fooshee David R. , Milas Zvonimir L. , Galer Chad , Sano Daisuke , William William N. , Kim Edward , Heymach John , Byers Lauren A. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vali , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify mechanisms of innate resistance to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib, in a panel of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. Specifically, we analyzed the role of HRAS mutations in erlotinib resistance.MethodsErlotinib sensitivity was determined by methyl thiazolyl‐tetrazolium (MTT) assays. Molecular signaling pathways and somatic mutations were examined. Changes in sensitivity after modulation of HRAS expression were evaluated.ResultsAll 7 cell lines were wild‐type for EGFR and KRAS regardless of erlotinib sensitivity; however, 1 erlotinib‐resistant cell line (HN31) harbored an HRAS G12D mutation. Downregulation of HRAS expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HN31 led to increased erlotinib sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Transfection of activating HRAS‐mutant (G12D and G12V) constructs into erlotinib‐sensitive cell lines made them more resistant to erlotinib.ConclusionActivating HRAS mutations can confer erlotinib resistance in an HRAS mutant HNSCC cell line. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1547–1554, 2014
Preclinical safety and activity of recombinant VSV‐IFN‐β in an immunocompetent model of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Kurisetty Vittal V. S. , Heiber Joshua , Myers Rae , Pereira Guilherme S. , Goodwin Jarrard W. , Federspiel Mark J. , Russell Stephen J. , Peng Kah Whye , Barber Glen , Merchan Jaime R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon‐β (VSV‐IFN‐β) has demonstrated antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. In preparation for clinical testing in human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck, we conducted preclinical studies of VSV‐IFN‐β in syngeneic SCC models.MethodsIn vitro, VSV‐IFN‐β (expressing rat or mouse interferon [IFN]‐β)‐induced cytotoxicity and propagated in rat (FAT‐7) or mouse (SCC‐VII) SCC cells during normoxia and hypoxia. In vivo, intratumoral administration of VSV‐rat‐IFN‐β or VSV‐human‐IFN‐β in FAT‐7 bearing or non‐tumor bearing immunocompetent rats did not result in acute organ toxicity or death.ResultsVSV‐r‐IFN‐β replicated predominantly in tumors and a dose dependent anti‐VSV antibody response was observed. Intratumoral or intravenous administration of VSV‐IFN‐β resulted in growth delay and improved survival compared with controls.ConclusionThe above data confirm safety and feasibility of VSV‐IFN‐β administration in immunocompetent animals and support its clinical evaluation in advanced human head and neck cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1619–1627, 2014
Clinical significance of intraparotid lymph node metastasis in primary parotid cancer
Authors: Lim Chwee Ming , Gilbert Mark R. , Johnson Jonas T. , Kim Seungwon 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical utility of intraparotid lymph node metastasis in primary parotid cancer is unknown, and this study was undertaken to address this gap in knowledge.MethodsA medical chart review was performed on 86 patients who underwent parotidectomy with neck dissection (39 cN+ and 47 cN0). The disease‐specific mortality and locoregional recurrence (LRR) were correlated with intraparotid lymph node metastasis status.ResultsUsing intraparotid lymph node metastasis status to predict cervical nodal metastasis resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 90.6%, respectively (positive predictive value [PPV] of 87.3%). Patients with positive intraparotid lymph node metastasis had a worse 3‐year disease‐specific mortality compared with patients with negative intraparotid lymph node metastasis (p = .0037). Patients with cN0 neck but positive intraparotid lymph node metastasis were more likely to develop locoregional recurrence than patients without intraparotid lymph node metastasis (p = .08).ConclusionIn patients with cN0 neck but positive intraparotid lymph node metastasis, intraparotid lymph node metastasis presence was strongly associated with a worse disease‐specific survival and placed them at a higher risk of locoregional recurrence. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1634–1637, 2014
Association of vascular invasion with increased mortality in patients with minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma but not widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hye Jeong , Sung Ji‐Youn , Oh Young Lyun , Kim Jung Han , Son Young‐Ik , Min Yong‐Ki , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe association of vascular invasion with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) remains controversial.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of 204 patients with histologically confirmed FTC.ResultsThe disease‐specific survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 94% and 85%, respectively. Using Cox proportional hazard model, the extent of invasiveness and the frequency of distant metastasis were found to be independent prognostic factors for survival in all patients with FTC. When we performed individual analyses stratified by the extent of invasiveness, vascular invasion was an independent predictor of disease‐specific survival in minimally invasive FTC, but that did not independently affect survival in widely invasive FTC.ConclusionThis study suggests that vascular invasion is associated with aggressive features of FTC and independently influences outcomes in minimally invasive FTC. For patients aged <45 years with minimally invasive FTC without vascular invasion, thyroid lobectomy alone may be adequate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1695–1700, 2014
TP53 single nucleotide polymorphism rs1042522 in salivary gland neoplasms
Authors: Gomes Carolina C. , Fonseca–Silva Thiago , Diniz Marina G. , Orsine Lissur A. , Gomez Ricardo S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe TP53 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1042522 encodes arginine (Arg) or proline (Pro). The Arg variant is more effective at inducing apoptosis than the Pro.MethodsWe assessed this SNP through direct sequencing of benign and malignant salivary neoplasms of Brazilian patients and compared the results with healthy controls' data. BAX, BCL‐2, and CASPASE‐3 mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a set of salivary tumors, and the results were correlated with the tumor genotype.ResultsWe found a higher frequency of the Arg/Arg genotype in the malignant group. However, the SNP did not influence the age of onset in either benign or malignant tumors. The SNP was not associated with the transcription levels of apoptotic/antiapoptotic genes.ConclusionMalignant salivary neoplasms showed a higher frequency of the allele encoding Arg and a higher frequency of the Arg/Arg genotype. However, the different genotypes did not impact the transcription of genes involved in apoptosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1685–1688, 2014
p16 status, pathologic and clinical characteristics, biomolecular signature, and long‐term outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary
Authors: Keller Lanea M. , Galloway Thomas J. , Holdbrook Thomas , Ruth Karen , Yang Donghua , Dubyk Cara , Flieder Douglas , Lango Miriam N. , Mehra Ranee , Burtness Barbara , Ridge John A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to report associations between p16 status, clinicopathologic characteristics, and outcomes for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP).MethodsSpecimens of squamous cell CUP were reanalyzed. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by p16 stain. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed to evaluate biomarkers potentially prognostic in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).ResultsA majority of the population (n = 26; 74%) was p16 positive (+). Prognostic factors benefiting survival were p16+ status (p < .0001), absence of macroscopic extracapsular extension (ECE; p = .004), younger age (p = .01), and higher grade (p = 0.007). The prognostic implication of worse overall survival (OS) with macroscopic ECE (p = .009) remained significant when limited to patients who were p16+ (p = .002). Exploratory TMA between unknown primary and controls suggested a biomolecular difference between squamous cell CUP and known‐primary cancer.ConclusionThe majority of patients with squamous cell CUP were p16+, indicative of HPV association. P16 staining and ECE seem to be the most prognostic features in squamous cell CUP. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1677–1684, 2014