bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic role of lncRNA-MALAT1 in endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu J-Y , Yao J , Li X-M , Song Y-C , Wang X-Q , Li Y-J , Yan B , Jiang Q 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in diverse biological processes. Our previous study has revealed that lncRNA-MALAT1 deregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related microvascular disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the role of MALAT1 in retinal vasculature remodeling still remains elusive. Here we show that MALAT1 expression is significantly upregulated in the retinas of STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice. MALAT1 knockdown could obviously ameliorate DR in vivo, as shown by pericyte loss, capillary degeneration, microvascular leakage, and retinal inflammation. Moreover, MALAT1 knockdown could regulate retinal endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. The crosstalk between MALAT1 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of endothelial cell function. MALAT1 upregulation represents a critical pathogenic mechanism for diabetes-induced microvascular dysfunction. Inhibition of MALAT1 may serve as a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy for diabetes-related microvascular complications.
Clearance of persistent HPV infection and cervical lesion by therapeutic DNA vaccine in CIN3 patients
Authors: Kim Tae Jin , Jin Hyun-Tak , Hur Soo-Young , Yang Hyun Gul , Seo Yong Bok , Hong Sung Ran , Lee Chang-Woo , Kim Suhyeon , Woo Jung-Won , Park Ki Seok , Hwang Youn-Young , Park Jaehan , Lee In-Ho , Lim Kyung-Taek , Lee Ki-Heon , Jeong Mi Seon , Surh Charles D. , Suh You Suk , Park Jong Sup , Sung Young Chul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHere, we demonstrate that electroporation-enhanced immunization with a rationally designed HPV DNA vaccine (GX-188E), preferentially targeting HPV antigens to dendritic cells, elicits a significant E6/E7-specific IFN-γ-producing T-cell response in all nine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) patients. Importantly, eight out of nine patients exhibit an enhanced polyfunctional HPV-specific CD8 T-cell response as shown by an increase in cytolytic activity, proliferative capacity and secretion of effector molecules. Notably, seven out of nine patients display complete regression of their lesions and viral clearance within 36 weeks of follow up. GX-188E administration does not elicit serious vaccine-associated adverse events at all administered doses. These findings indicate that the magnitude of systemic polyfunctional CD8 T-cell response is the main contributing factor for histological, cytological and virological responses, providing valuable insights into the design of therapeutic vaccines for effectively treating persistent infections and cancers in humans.
Presynaptic GABAergic inhibition regulated by BDNF contributes to neuropathic pain induction
Authors: Chen Jeremy Tsung-chieh , Guo Da , Campanelli Dario , Frattini Flavia , Mayer Florian , Zhou Luming , Kuner Rohini , Heppenstall Paul A. , Knipper Marlies , Hu Jing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe gate control theory proposes the importance of both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition in processing pain signal in the spinal cord. However, although postsynaptic disinhibition caused by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proved as a crucial mechanism underlying neuropathic pain, the function of presynaptic inhibition in acute and neuropathic pain remains elusive. Here we show that a transient shift in the reversal potential (EGABA) together with a decline in the conductance of presynaptic GABAA receptor result in a reduction of presynaptic inhibition after nerve injury. BDNF mimics, whereas blockade of BDNF signalling reverses, the alteration in GABAA receptor function and the neuropathic pain syndrome. Finally, genetic disruption of presynaptic inhibition leads to spontaneous development of behavioural hypersensitivity, which cannot be further sensitized by nerve lesions or BDNF. Our results reveal a novel effect of BDNF on presynaptic GABAergic inhibition after nerve injury and may represent new strategy for treating neuropathic pain.
A developmental cell-type switch in cortical interneurons leads to a selective defect in cortical oscillations
Authors: Takada Naoki , Pi Hyun Jae , Sousa Vitor H. , Waters Jack , Fishell Gord , Kepecs Adam , Osten Pavel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe cellular diversity of interneurons in the neocortex is thought to reflect subtype-specific roles of cortical inhibition. Here we ask whether perturbations to two subtypes—parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and somatostatin-positive (SST+) interneurons—can be compensated for with respect to their contributions to cortical development. We use a genetic cell fate switch to delete both PV+ and SST+ interneurons selectively in cortical layers 2–4 without numerically changing the total interneuron population. This manipulation is compensated for at the level of synaptic currents and receptive fields (RFs) in the somatosensory cortex. By contrast, we identify a deficit in inhibitory synchronization in vitro and a large reduction in cortical gamma oscillations in vivo. This reveals that, while the roles of inhibition in establishing cortical inhibitory/excitatory balance and RFs can be subserved by multiple interneuron subtypes, gamma oscillations depend on cellular properties that cannot be compensated for—likely, the fast signalling properties of PV+ interneurons.
Electrowetting on liquid-infused film (EWOLF): Complete reversibility and controlled droplet oscillation suppression for fast optical imaging
Authors: Hao Chonglei , Liu Yahua , Chen Xuemei , He Yuncheng , Li Qiusheng , Li K. Y. , Wang Zuankai 
Published: October 2014

AbstractElectrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) has emerged as a powerful tool to electrically manipulate tiny individual droplets in a controlled manner. Despite tremendous progress over the past two decades, current EWOD operating in ambient conditions has limited functionalities posing challenges for its applications, including electronic display, energy generation and microfluidic systems. Here, we demonstrate a new paradigm of electrowetting on liquid-infused film (EWOLF) that allows for complete reversibility and tunable transient response simultaneously. We determine that these functionalities in EWOLF are attributed to its novel configuration, which allows for the formation of viscous liquid-liquid interfaces as well as additional wetting ridges, thereby suppressing the contact line pinning and severe droplet oscillation encountered in the conventional EWOD. Finally, by harnessing these functionalities demonstrated in EWOLF, we also explore its application as liquid lens for fast optical focusing.
Human NLRP3 inflammasome senses multiple types of bacterial RNAs
Authors: Sha Wenwen , Mitoma Hiroki , Hanabuchi Shino , Bao Musheng , Weng Leiyun , Sugimoto Naoshi , Liu Ying , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhong Jin , Sun Bing , Liu Yong-Jun 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceThe innate immune system has evolved to protect the host from potential pathogens. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the platforms that can sense pathogenic bacteria, which can cause fatal bacterial infections. Here we show that all three types of bacteria-derived RNA—mRNA, tRNA, and rRNAs—as well as synthetic 20-guanosine ssRNA, are capable of activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and inducing human macrophages to secrete inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, only bacterial mRNA is able to activate the murine Nlrp3 inflammasome. Therefore human macrophages may have evolved in a unique fashion, adapting to the bacterial environment. This study could provide important clues for developing efficient medicines for bacterial infections and various immunotherapies such as anticancer vaccines.
Long-term effects of sewage sludge application on sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)
Authors: Aslantas Rafet , Angin Ilker , Kobaza Ahmet Orhan 
Published: October 2014

This study describes the long-term effects of different sewage sludge application rates on vegetative parameters, morphological characteristics, yield, and chemical properties of fruit and leaves of sour cherry (Prunus cerasusL.) cv. “Kütahya.” A three-year field experiment was set up in a completely randomized block design with six sewage sludge application rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 kg of dry matter per tree) and three replications. One-year-old Kütahya sour cherry trees grafted onPrunus mahalebrootstock were evaluated. In all application rates, sewage sludge altered vegetative growth parameters, morphological characteristics, and yield. The most effective application rate was 7.5 kg per tree, it increased cumulative yield more than twofold. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that application of sewage sludge to light-textured soil is an effective means for improvement of vegetative growth and yield, and that a single application of sewage sludge sustains its effects for at least 7 years.
From Principles to Practice
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chapter 4 shows how the principles embraced by the Natural Voice Practitioners’ Network translate into practice. First, it examines the function and rationale of the kind of vocal and physical warm up that typically opens a choir rehearsal or workshop. Reference is also made to the way in which vocal exercises may be designed specifically to help singers achieve the vocal quality associated with a particular repertoire. It then considers the process of teaching and learning by ear, primarily in terms of practicalities. It further explores the match between the natural voice ethos and songs from the world’s oral traditions and provides an overview of the kinds of resources available to community choir leaders. The final part of the chapter offers a more theoretical consideration of the politics of participation.
Singing the Songs of Others
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chapter 5 investigates the place of world song in natural voice and community choir circles in greater depth. It explains why songs from elsewhere play such a prominent part in the repertoire and how they help the movement achieve its broader aims. Drawing on interview and questionnaire responses from choir members as well as voice practitioners, it examines the different orders of attraction associated with songs of varied provenance and the meanings that may be attributed to them in their new environment. More particularly, it explores the appeal and dynamics of singing in a language that is not one’s mother tongue. These issues are explored in greater detail with reference to two cases studies: songs from the ecumenical community of Taizé and polyphonic songs from the Republic of Georgia.
Scenes from the Global Village
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chapter 8 pursues the theme of community in relation to the notion of the global village. The Unicorn Natural Voice Camp (held in England) and a set of overseas singing tours organised by Village Harmony (in Corsica, Bosnia, and Georgia) serve as detailed case studies. The analysis is framed by perspectives derived from the critical literature on travel and tourism. It explores the dynamics of “being there” for tour participants and the symbolic meanings that may be attached to their presence by the host community, and reveals how transnational networks contribute to the sustainability of local communities, and vice versa. The chapter ends by revisiting questions of identity in the contemporary world, together with ideas about how the performing arts offer themselves as a prime site for experimenting with new ways of living and being.
The Voice of the Future
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chapter 9 takes the form of an extended conclusion that draws together the various threads that have been woven through the book. First, it reviews a set of key themes and concepts that have reappeared in different guises: finding a voice, participation, performance, community, networks, journeys, liberation, transcendence, empowerment, crossing boundaries, opening doors, liminality, communitas, transformation, conviviality, and collective joy. It then elaborates on the ways in which certain fallacies, misconceptions, and assumptions have been challenged or reframed in the worlds the reader has entered in the course of his or her journey through the book. The chapter ends by reflecting on the broader impact of the trends and initiatives described and their potential to contribute to a substantial reconfiguring of ideas about vocal identity and musical sounds and values and meanings.
Phase integral approximations
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Phase integral approximations express the quantum wavefunction in terms of the classical action integral, S(x)=∫p(x)dx.The main aim of the chapter is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the standard JWKB expansion for S(x) in powers of Planck’s constant. Remarkably, the catastrophic weakness at a classical turning point is shown to be eliminated by use of an alternative Airy uniform approximation, which depends only on the primitive JWKB phase information. The discussion brings out an important primitive semiclassical connection between the JWKB function and the stationary phase approximation. The analysis also leads naturally to Maslov phase contributions to the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization condition and to an equivalent formula for the semiclassical phase shift. An alternative type of general uniform theory, again dependent on the primitive JWKB information, is extended to a family of multi-turning-point problems. Finally, higher-order corrections to the JWKB approximation are derived and tested against the pathological quartic oscillator problem.
Quantization
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The quantization formula, ∮p(x)dx=(n+δ)h is shown to include a Maslov index, δ , dependent on the distribution of turning points and singularities. A related argument explains why singularities in the angular momentum equation require the Langer substitution ℓ(ℓ+1)→(ℓ+1/2) The subsequent sections show how semiclassical connection formulae may be used to stitch JWKB fragments of the wavefunction together in a variety of tunnelling and curve–crossing situations. Diagrammatic representations of the connection formulae are used to illustrate the quantization of double minimum and restricted rotation problems. Applications are also given to the widths of shape resonance widths and the rates of curve-crossing predissociation. The latter are particularly interesting in showing rapid fluctuations from one quasi-bound level to another.
Reactive scattering
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Three topics in reactive scattering are discussed. The first concerns nearside–farside theory, taken from the nuclear physics literature, for the interpretation of reactive differential cross-sections. The second section describes recent progress in the prediction and interpretation of geometric phase effects, including an interesting symmetry interpretation in the extended group appropriate to double encirclement of the conical intersection. The predictions are confirmed by comparison between classical trajectory studies of geometric phase changes to the differential cross-section. The final section covers the instanton theory of low temperature chemical rate constants. Its role as a generalized transition state is outlined and connections between the semiclassical theory and the superficially distinct ring polymer theory are indicated.
From Conflict to Companionship
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter examines the many facets of emerging adults’ relationships with their parents. First, the overall outline of relations with parents in emerging adulthood is described, showing a remarkably positive picture. Then the changes that take place when emerging adults move out of their parents’ household are examined, as well as the experiences of emerging adults who move back in again and those who remain at home. Next comes a look at the shift that often takes place in emerging adulthood from a parent-child relationship to a new relationship as friends and companions. Finally, there is a complex rendering of the enduring repercussions of parents’ divorce and remarriage—how emerging adults recall these events and how they believe they have been shaped by them, in both positive and negative ways.
Work
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this chapter the focus is on how emerging adults go about searching for satisfying work. It is emphasized that the ideal for emerging adults is finding a job that clicks with their developing identity. However, relatively few pursue this ideal in a systematic way, and many take a job of any kind in order to pay their bills. Next is a look at variations in being ready to make a long-term decision about work. Unemployment prevalence among young people is discussed, including the basis for it. This is followed by a section describing influences on job choice, especially the complex influences parents can have, and a section describing the dreams that some emerging adults have for an alluring and sometimes elusive work ideal. The chapter ends with a section on work and identity that attempts to integrate the previous material into a theoretical framework.
Sources of Meaning
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter examines some of the religious beliefs and values that are part of the worldviews of emerging adults. The section on religious beliefs examines both the diversity of emerging adults’ beliefs and their common determination to think for themselves with regard to religious issues. There is also an examination of the ways that emerging adults think about the possibility of an afterlife. Here, too, their views are diverse, and often expressed with mordant humor. In the section on values the focus is on emerging adults’ responses to two questions concerning their values for their own lives and the values they wish to pass on to the next generation. Together, these two questions provide an outline of the extent to which emerging adults’ values reflect individualism and collectivism. It is concluded that most emerging adults balance an Ethic of Autonomy, reflecting individualism, with an Ethic of Community, reflecting collectivism.
Wrong Turns and Dead Ends
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Some kinds of problems appear to be more prevalent in emerging adulthood than in any subsequent adult life stage. This chapter first examines rates and sources of externalizing problems (including automobile accidents, crime, and substance abuse) and internalizing problems (including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders). Then the theory of emerging adulthood is applied to understanding why some of these problems are especially prevalent in this life stage, using the five features of emerging adulthood as a framework. Finally, trends in the past two decades are examined in rates of some externalizing problems, and possible reasons for those trends. Most trends are positive, especially in automobile accidents and crime, but certain kinds of substance use have increased.
Sometimes Goodbye Is a Second Chance
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In some ways, reaching emerging adulthood offers even more opportunity for persons from a difficult background than for those from a privileged background. Specifically, they become capable of leaving a troublesome family environment and living on their own, potentially transforming their lives and setting them on a different path from their parents. Consequently, emerging adulthood is arguably the period of the life course when the possibility for dramatic change is greatest. This chapter illustrates this aspect of emerging adulthood theory by examining the lives of four emerging adults whose lives defy the assumption that one’s early years permanently decide the path one will follow in the future. All of them experienced terrible events or circumstances in childhood, all of them had lives that were in disarray by adolescence, and all of them transformed themselves in emerging adulthood and turned their lives in a dramatically different direction, toward health and happiness.
KmerStream: streaming algorithms for
k
-mer abundance estimation
Authors: Melsted Páll , Halldórsson Bjarni V. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Several applications in bioinformatics, such as genome assemblers and error corrections methods, rely on counting and keeping track of k -mers (substrings of length k ). Histograms of k -mer frequencies can give valuable insight into the underlying distribution and indicate the error rate and genome size sampled in the sequencing experiment.
Results: We present KmerStream, a streaming algorithm for estimating the number of distinct k -mers present in high-throughput sequencing data. The algorithm runs in time linear in the size of the input and the space requirement are logarithmic in the size of the input. We derive a simple model that allows us to estimate the error rate of the sequencing experiment, as well as the genome size, using only the aggregate statistics reported by KmerStream.
As an application we show how KmerStream can be used to compute the error rate of a DNA sequencing experiment. We run KmerStream on a set of 2656 whole genome sequenced individuals and compare the error rate to quality values reported by the sequencing equipment. We discover that while the quality values alone are largely reliable as a predictor of error rate, there is considerable variability in the error rates between sequencing runs, even when accounting for reported quality values.
Availability and implementation: The tool KmerStream is written in C++ and is released under a GPL license. It is freely available at https://github.com/pmelsted/KmerStream
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: pmelsted@hi.is or Bjarni.Halldorsson@decode.is .
Evolution of magnetic field inclination in a forming penumbra
Authors: Jurčák Jan , Bello González Nazaret , Schlichenmaier Rolf , Rezaei Reza 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
As a sunspot penumbra forms, the magnetic field vector at the outer boundary of the protospot undergoes a transformation. We study the changes of the magnetic field vector at this boundary as a penumbral segment forms. We analyze a set of spectropolarimetric maps covering 2 hr during the formation of a sunspot in NOAA 11024. The data were recorded with the GFPI instrument attached to the German VTT. We observe a stationary umbra/quiet Sun boundary, where the magnetic field becomes more horizontal with time. The magnetic field inclination increases by 5°, reaching a maximum value of about 59°. The maximum inclination coincides with the onset of filament formation. In time, the penumbra filaments become longer and the penumbral bright grains protrude into the umbra, where the magnetic field is stronger and more vertical. Consequently, we observe a decrease in the magnetic field inclination at the boundary as the penumbra grows. In summary, in order to initiate the formation of the penumbra, the magnetic field at the umbral (protospot) boundary becomes more inclined. As the penumbra grows, the umbra/penumbra boundary migrates inwards, and at this boundary the magnetic field turns more vertical again, while it remains inclined in the outer penumbra.