bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When does the turning point in China's CO2emissions occur? Results based on the Green Solow model
Authors: Hao Yu , Wei Yi-Ming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn recent years, the surge in China's CO2emissions has caused increasing international concern. In this paper, we investigate whether and when the turning point in China's CO2emissions would occur. A simple yet powerful neoclassical Green Solow model (GSM) is utilized herein as the main forecasting tool. To verify the capability of this framework to address China's economy, a key prediction of the GSM – the convergence in per capita CO2emissions across Chinese provinces – is empirically verified. By assigning reasonable values to the GSM's key parameters, the trajectories of total CO2emissions are projected for the three regions of China and the whole country. The forecast results show that, under the benchmark scenario, China's total CO2emissions would peak around the year 2047. According to the sensitivity analysis, carbon efficiency is the most important determining factor for whether a turning point in total CO2emissions may occur.
Nonequilibrium Microstructures for Ag–Ni Nanowires
Authors: Rai Rajesh K. , Srivastava Chandan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis work illustrates that a variety of nanowire microstructures can be obtained either by controlling the nanowire formation kinetics or by suitable thermal processing of as-deposited nanowires with nonequilibrium metastable microstructure. In the present work, 200-nm diameter Ag–Ni nanowires with similar compositions, but with significantly different microstructures, were electrodeposited. A 15 mA deposition current produced nanowires in which Ag-rich crystalline nanoparticles were embedded in a Ni-rich amorphous matrix. A 3 mA deposition current produced nanowires in which an Ag-rich crystalline phase formed a backbone-like configuration in the axial region of the nanowire, whereas the peripheral region contained Ni-rich nanocrystalline and amorphous phases. Isothermal annealing of the nanowires illustrated a phase evolution pathway that was extremely sensitive to the initial nanowire microstructure.
Instrumentality in health care: a response to Adam Oliver
Authors: Tanenbaum Sandra J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn his paper, ‘Incentivizing improvements in health care delivery’, Adam Oliver discusses recent efforts to manage the performance of health care workers in the United States and United Kingdom. Overall, the results of performance management seem to be mixed, but Oliver’s discussion hints at a more fundamental question about this approach, specifically: what are the limits of a focused instrumentality in a context as rich, fluid and collaborative as the delivery of health care? Might performance management schemes actually frustrate the efforts of conscientious health care workers? Indicators make few allowances for the heterogeneity of treatment effects or patient values or preferences. Health care workers may also face pressure to appear to satisfy indicators that are actually impossible to satisfy.
How Does Media Choice Affect Hostile Media Perceptions? Evidence from Participant Preference Experiments
Authors: Arceneaux Kevin , Johnson Martin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigate how selective exposure to various types of media shapes hostile media perceptions. We use an innovative experimental design that gauges the influence of viewers’ preferences for entertainment, partisan cable news, or mainstream broadcast news on their reactions to media content. This design represents a modification to the participant preference experiment used elsewhere, expanding a laboratory-based media environment to include partisan and mainstream news options, alongside entertainment programming. We find that people’s viewing preferences shape their reactions to news media content.
Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents
Authors: Reed Daniel C , Breier John A , Jiang Houshuo , Anantharaman Karthik , Klausmeier Christopher A , Toner Brandy M , Hancock Cathrine , Speer Kevin , Thurnherr Andreas M , Dick Gregory J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Submarine hydrothermal vents perturb the deep-ocean microbiome by injecting reduced chemical species into the water column that act as an energy source for chemosynthetic organisms. These systems thus provide excellent natural laboratories for studying the response of microbial communities to shifts in marine geochemistry. The present study explores the processes that regulate coupled microbial-geochemical dynamics in hydrothermal plumes by means of a novel mathematical model, which combines thermodynamics, growth and reaction kinetics, and transport processes derived from a fluid dynamics model. Simulations of a plume located in the ABE vent field of the Lau basin were able to reproduce metagenomic observations well and demonstrated that the magnitude of primary production and rate of autotrophic growth are largely regulated by the energetics of metabolisms and the availability of electron donors, as opposed to kinetic parameters. Ambient seawater was the dominant source of microbes to the plume and sulphur oxidisers constituted almost 90% of the modelled community in the neutrally-buoyant plume. Data from drifters deployed in the region allowed the different time scales of metabolisms to be cast in a spatial context, which demonstrated spatial succession in the microbial community. While growth was shown to occur over distances of tens of kilometers, microbes persisted over hundreds of kilometers. Given that high-temperature hydrothermal systems are found less than 100 km apart on average, plumes may act as important vectors between different vent fields and other environments that are hospitable to similar organisms, such as oil spills and oxygen minimum zones.
The Effect of Diiodooctane on the Charge Carrier Generation in Organic Solar Cells Based on the Copolymer PBDTTT-C
Authors: Zusan Andreas , Gieseking Björn , Zerson Mario , Dyakonov Vladimir , Magerle Robert , Deibel Carsten 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMicrostructural changes and the understanding of their effect on photocurrent generation are key aspects for improving the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices. We analyze the impact of a systematically increased amount of the solvent additive diiodooctane (DIO) on the morphology of PBDTTT-C:PC71BM blends and related changes in free carrier formation and recombination by combining surface imaging, photophysical and charge extraction techniques. We identify agglomerates visible in AFM images of the 0% DIO blend as PC71BM domains embedded in an intermixed matrix phase. With the addition of DIO, a decrease in the size of fullerene domains along with a demixing of the matrix phase appears for 0.6% and 1% DIO. Surprisingly, transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an efficient photogeneration already for the smallest amount of DIO, although the largest efficiency is found for 3% DIO. It is ascribed to a fine-tuning of the blend morphology in terms of the formation of interpenetrating donor and acceptor phases minimizing geminate and nongeminate recombination as indicated by charge extraction experiments. An increase in the DIO content to 10% adversely affects the photovoltaic performance, most probably due to an inefficient free carrier formation and trapping in a less interconnected donor-acceptor network.
A Novel Energy-Efficient Pyrolysis Process: Self-pyrolysis of Oil Shale Triggered by Topochemical Heat in a Horizontal Fixed Bed
Authors: Sun You-Hong , Bai Feng-Tian , Lü Xiao-Shu , Li Qiang , Liu Yu-Min , Guo Ming-Yi , Guo Wei , Liu Bao-Chang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel energy-efficient oil shale pyrolysis process triggered by a topochemical reaction that can be applied in horizontal oil shale formations. The process starts by feeding preheated air to oil shale to initiate a topochemical reaction and the onset of self-pyrolysis. As the temperature in the virgin oil shale increases (to 250–300°C), the hot air can be replaced by ambient-temperature air, allowing heat to be released by internal topochemical reactions to complete the pyrolysis. The propagation of fronts formed in this process, the temperature evolution and the reaction mechanism of oil shale pyrolysis in porous media are discussed and compared with those in a traditional oxygen-free process. The results show that the self-pyrolysis of oil shale can be achieved with the proposed method without any need for external heat. The results also verify that fractured oil shale may be more suitable for underground retorting. Moreover, the gas and liquid products from this method were characterised and a highly instrumented experimental device designed specifically for this process is described. This study can serve as a reference for new ideas on oil shale in situ pyrolysis processes.
Upregulated WDR5 promotes proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance in bladder cancer via mediating H3K4 trimethylation
Authors: Chen Xu , Xie Weibin , Gu Peng , Cai Qingqing , Wang Bo , Xie Yun , Dong Wen , He Wang , Zhong Guangzheng , Lin Tianxin , Huang Jian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) plays an important role in various biological functions through the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription; however, its role in bladder cancer remains largely unknown. Our study investigated the role of WDR5 in bladder cancer and demonstrated that WDR5 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and elevated WDR5 protein levels positively correlated with advanced tumor stage and poor survival. Through gain or loss of function, we demonstrated that WDR5 promoted proliferation, self-renewal and chemoresistance to cisplatin in bladder cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WDR5 regulated various functions in bladder cancer by mediating the transcription of cyclin B1, cyclin E1, cyclin E2, UHMK1, MCL1, BIRC3 and Nanog by histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation. Therefore, we have discovered that WDR5 plays an important role in bladder cancer suggesting that WDR5 is a potential biomarker and a promising target in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Interbreeding among deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)
Authors: von Beeren Christoph , Stoeckle Mark Y. , Xia Joyce , Burke Griffin , Kronauer Daniel J. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDNA barcoding promises to be a useful tool to identify pest species assuming adequate representation of genetic variants in a reference library. Here we examined mitochondrial DNA barcodes in a global urban pest, the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). Our sampling effort generated 284 cockroach specimens, most from New York City, plus 15 additional U.S. states and six other countries, enabling the first large-scale survey of P. americana barcode variation. Periplaneta americana barcode sequences (n = 247, including 24 GenBank records) formed a monophyletic lineage separate from other Periplaneta species. We found three distinct P. americana haplogroups with relatively small differences within (≤0.6%) and larger differences among groups (2.4%–4.7%). This could be interpreted as indicative of multiple cryptic species. However, nuclear DNA sequences (n = 77 specimens) revealed extensive gene flow among mitochondrial haplogroups, confirming a single species. This unusual genetic pattern likely reflects multiple introductions from genetically divergent source populations, followed by interbreeding in the invasive range. Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive reference databases in DNA barcoding studies, especially when dealing with invasive populations that might be derived from multiple genetically distinct source populations.
Analysis of the sericin1 promoter and assisted detection of exogenous gene expression efficiency in the silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Authors: Ye Lupeng , Qian Qiujie , Zhang Yuyu , You Zhengying , Che Jiaqian , Song Jia , Zhong Boxiong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn genetics, the promoter is one of the most important regulatory elements controlling the spatiotemporal expression of a target gene. However, most studies have focused on core or proximal promoter regions and information on regions that are more distant from the 5′-flanking region of the proximal promoter is often lacking. Here, approximately 4-kb of the sericin1 (Ser1) promoter was predicted to contain many potential transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBSs). Transgenic experiments have revealed that more TFBSs included in the promoter improved gene transcription. However, multi-copy proximal Ser1 promoter combinations did not improve gene expression at the transcriptional level. Instead, increasing the promoter copy number repressed transcription. Furthermore, a correlation analysis between two contiguous genes, firefly luciferase (FLuc) and EGFP, was conducted at the transcriptional level; a significant correlation was obtained regardless of the insertion site. The ELISA results also revealed a significant correlation between the transcriptional and translational EGFP levels. Therefore, the exogenous gene expression level can be predicted by simply detecting an adjacent EGFP. In conclusion, our results provide important insights for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying promoter function. Additionally, a new approach was developed to quickly screen transgenic strains that highly express exogenous genes.
Score‐based intelligent home energy management (HEM) algorithm for demand response applications and impact of HEM operation on customer comfort
Authors: Kuzlu Murat 
Published: February 2015

A home energy management (HEM) system plays an important role for residential demand response (DR) applications in the smart grid environment. Its role includes the ability to manage end‐use electrical energy (kWh) and demand (kW) based on utility signals, load priorities and customer preference. This study presents a score‐based intelligent HEM algorithm for residential DR applications and the impact of the HEM system operation on customer comfort in various HEM decision‐making intervals (i.e. 1, 5, 10 and 15 min) at various DR requirements. The proposed algorithm manages selected household loads according to customers’ preset comfort level settings and keeps the total household power consumption below a certain limit. Results indicate that the more stringent DR requirements lead to the higher level of customer comfort violations during a DR event. In addition, the longer HEM decision‐making intervals may lead to the higher level of customer comfort violations.
Extracellular forms of IL-37 inhibit innate inflammation in vitro and in vivo but require the IL-1 family decoy receptor IL-1R8
Authors: Li Suzhao , Neff C. Preston , Barber Kristina , Hong Jaewoo , Luo Yuchun , Azam Tania , Palmer Brent E. , Fujita Mayumi , Garlanda Cecilia , Mantovani Alberto , Kim Soohyun , Dinarello Charles Anthony 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Interleukin-1 family members are highly inflammatory but IL-37 member broadly suppresses inflammation and specific immunity. Initially, the mechanism of this suppression was shown to be via translocation to the nucleus following cleavage of the precursor by intracellular caspase-1. We now show that recombinant forms of IL-37 limit inflammation by extracellular binding to surface receptors but require the IL-1 family decoy receptor IL-1R8. Unexpectedly, picomolar concentrations of the IL-37 precursor optimally suppress IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα production from human blood M1 macrophages, suggesting a unique function for a coreceptor function of IL-1R8. Assessment of IL-37 as well as IL-1R8 levels may provide previously unidentified insights into how the host limits inflammation.
A pilot study on quantification of training load: The use of HRV in training practice
Authors: Saboul Damien , Balducci Pascal , Millet Grégoire , Pialoux Vincent , Hautier Christophe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent laboratory studies have suggested that heart rate variability (HRV) may be an appropriate criterion for training load (TL) quantification. The aim of this study was to validate a novel HRV index that may be used to assess TL in field conditions. Eleven well‐trained long‐distance male runners performed four exercises of different duration and intensity. TL was evaluated using Foster and Banister methods. In addition, HRV measurements were performed 5 minutes before exercise and 5 and 30 minutes after exercise. We calculated HRV index (TLHRV) based on the ratio between HRV decrease during exercise and HRV increase during recovery. HRV decrease during exercise was strongly correlated with exercise intensity (R = −0.70; p < 0.01) but not with exercise duration or training volume. TLHRV index was correlated with Foster (R = 0.61; p = 0.01) and Banister (R = 0.57; p = 0.01) methods. This study confirms that HRV changes during exercise and recovery phase are affected by both intensity and physiological impact of the exercise. Since the TLHRV formula takes into account the disturbance and the return to homeostatic balance induced by exercise, this new method provides an objective and rational TL index. However, some simplification of the protocol measurement could be envisaged for field use.
Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles
Authors: Payez Alexandre , Evoli Carmelo , Fischer Tobias , Giannotti Maurizio , Mirizzi Alessandro , Ringwald Andreas 
Published: February 2015

We revise the bound from the supernova SN1987A on the coupling of ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) to photons. In a core-collapse supernova, ALPs would be emitted via the Primakoff process, and eventually convert into gamma rays in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. The lack of a gamma-ray signal in the GRS instrument of the SMM satellite in coincidence with the observation of the neutrinos emitted from SN1987A therefore provides a strong bound on their coupling to photons. Due to the large uncertainty associated with the current bound, we revise this argument, based on state-of-the-art physical inputs both for the supernova models and for the Milky-Way magnetic field. Furthermore, we provide major amendments, such as the consistent treatment of nucleon-degeneracy effects and of the reduction of the nuclear masses in the hot and dense nuclear medium of the supernova. With these improvements, we obtain a new upper limit on the photon-ALP coupling:gaγ≲ 5.3 × 10-12GeV-1, forma≲ 4.4 × 10-10eV,and we also give its dependence at larger ALP massesma. Moreover, we discuss how much the Fermi-LAT satellite experiment could improve this bound, should a close-enough supernova explode in the near future.
Tetrahydroisoquinolines affect the whole-cell phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibiting the ATP-dependent MurE ligase
Authors: Guzman Juan D. , Pesnot Thomas , Barrera Diana A. , Davies Heledd M. , McMahon Eleanor , Evangelopoulos Dimitrios , Mortazavi Parisa N. , Munshi Tulika , Maitra Arundhati , Lamming Eleanor D. , Angell Richard , Gershater Markus C. , Redmond Joanna M. , Needham Deborah , Ward John M. , Cuca Luis E. , Hailes Helen C. , Bhakta Sanjib 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
(S)-Leucoxine, isolated from the Colombian Lauraceae tree Rhodostemonodaphne crenaticupula Madriñan, was found to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. A biomimetic approach for the chemical synthesis of a wide array of 1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines was undertaken with the aim of elucidating a common pharmacophore for these compounds with novel mode(s) of anti-TB action.

Methods
Biomimetic Pictet–Spengler or Bischler–Napieralski synthetic routes were employed followed by an evaluation of the biological activity of the synthesized compounds.

Results
In this work, the synthesized tetrahydroisoquinolines were found to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and affect its whole-cell phenotype as well as the activity of the ATP-dependent MurE ligase, a key enzyme involved in the early stage of cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

Conclusions
As the correlation between the MIC and the half-inhibitory enzymatic concentration was not particularly strong, there is a credible possibility that these compounds have pleiotropic mechanism(s) of action in M. tuberculosis.
CD4 Recovery on Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated With Decreased Progression to Liver Disease Among Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Injecting Drug Users
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey P. , Horsburgh C. Robert , Williams Paige L. , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J. , Nunes David , Cotton Deborah , Seage George R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground.  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection accelerates liver disease progression in individuals with chronic hepatitis C. We evaluated the associations of CD4, HIV RNA, and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced CD4 recovery with liver diagnoses in a prospective cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs).Methods.  We evaluated 383 coinfected IDUs in the Boston area, prospectively observed for a median of 1.8 years. Liver disease progression included the first occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, variceal bleeding, ascites, encephalopathy, or death due to hepatic failure. Multivariable-adjusted extended Cox models were specified to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for comparisons of CD4, change in CD4 (from nadir), and HIV RNA with respect to liver disease progression events.Results.  Twenty-four persons experienced a liver disease progression event over 1155 person-years (2.1 per 100 person-years), including 20 deaths attributed to end-stage liver disease (1.7 per 100 person-years). CD4 at baseline and over follow-up strongly predicted liver disease progression (baseline CD4 &lt;200 vs ≥200: HR = 5.23, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30–11.92; time-updated CD4 &lt;200 vs ≥200: HR = 11.79, 95% CI, 4.47–31.07). Nadir CD4 was also a strong indicator (&lt;100 vs ≥100: HR = 3.52, 95% CI, 1.54–8.06). A lack of CD4 recovery (failure to increase 100 cells over nadir) among ART initiators was associated with increased risk (HR = 7.69; 95% CI, 2.60–22.69). Human immunodeficiency virus RNA was not significantly associated with liver disease progression.Conclusions.  Impaired immune function was highly predictive of liver disease progression in this cohort of IDUs, and a lack of CD4 recovery on ART was associated with increased risk of progression to HCV-associated liver disease.
Crystal structure of 3-[2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethynyl]-2H-chromen-2-one
Authors: Caracelli Ignez , Maganhi Stella H. , Stefani Hélio A. , Gueogjian Karina , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: February 2015

In the title compound, C15H8O2S, the coumarin moiety is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation of the 11 non-H atoms = 0.025 Å) and is slightly inclined with respect to the plane of the thiophen-3-yl ring, forming a dihedral angle of 11.75 (8)°. In the crystal, the three-dimensional architecture features a combination of coumarin–thiophene C—H...π and π–π [inter-centroid distance = 3.6612 (12) Å] interactions.