bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid–liquid extraction and cloud point extraction for spectrophotometric determination of vanadium using 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol
Authors: Stefanova Teodora S. , Simitchiev Kiril K. , Gavazov Kiril B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLiquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and cloud point extraction (CPE) of vanadium(V) ternary complexes with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolum chloride (TTC) were investigated. The optimal conditions for vanadium extraction and spectrophotometric determination were identified. The composition (V : PAR : TTC) of the extracted species was 1 : 2 : 3 (optimal conditions; LLE), 2 : 2 : 2 (low reagents concentrations; LLE), 1 : 1 : 1 (short heating time; CPE), and 1 : 1 : 1 + 1 : 1 : 0 (optimal extraction conditions; CPE). LLE, performed in the presence of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid and NH4F as masking agents, afforded the sensitive, selective, precise, and inexpensive spectrophotometric determination of vanadium. The absorption maximum, molar absorptivity, limit of detection, and linear working range were 559 nm, 1.95 × 105 dm3 mol−1 cm−1, 0.7 ng cm−3, and 2.2-510 ng cm−3, respectively. The procedure thus developed was applied to the analysis of drinking waters and steels. The relative standard deviations for V(V) determination were below 9.4 % (4-6 × 10−7 mass %; water samples) and 2.12 % (1-3 mass %; steel samples).
Flavonoids inhibiting glycation of bovine serum albumin: affinity–activity relationship
Authors: Liu Quan , Chen Ting-Ting , Cao Hui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractProtein glycation leads to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The structure-activity relationship of dietary flavonoids for inhibiting the glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro was subjected to a detailed investigation. The structure-activity relationship revealed that: 1) the hydroxylation on ring B of the flavones enhanced the inhibition and the hydroxyl groups at the C-5 and C-7 positions of flavones favoured the inhibition; 2) the optimal number of hydroxyl groups on ring B of the flavonols was one (at the C-3 position) and the methylation of flavonols weakened the inhibition; 3) the methoxylation at the C-6 position and methylation at C-4' position of genistein clearly enhanced the inhibition; 4) the hydroxyl groups at the C-5 and C-7 positions of flavanones were in favour of the inhibition; 5) the glycosylation of flavonoids significantly weakened the inhibition. Obvious linear affinity-activity relationships exist between the BSA-flavonoid interaction and flavonoids as BSA glycation inhibitors (R
Can glycoprofiling be helpful in detecting prostate cancer?
Authors: Belicky Stefan , Tkac Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlycans are chains of carbohydrates attached to proteins (glycoproteins and proteoglycans) or lipids (glycolipids). Glycosylation is a post-translational modification and glycans have a wide range of functions in the human body including involvement in oncological diseases. Change in a glycan structure can not only indicate the presence of a pathological process but, more importantly, in some cases also its stage. Thus, a glycan analysis has the potential to be an effective and reliable tool in cancer diagnostics. Lectins are proteins responsible for natural biorecognition of glycans; even carbohydrate moieties still attached to proteins or whole cells can be recognised by lectins, which makes them an ideal candidate for designing label-free biosensors for glycan analysis. This review seeks to summarise evidence that the glycoprofiling of biomarkers by lectin-based biosensors can be of significant help in detecting prostate cancer.
Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis of fly ash from Bulgarian coal-fired power plants
Authors: Detcheva Albena K. , Mitsiev Svilen E. , Vassileva Paunka S. , Jordanov Juri H. , Karadjov Metody G. , Ivanova Elisaveta 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe contents of Cl, Ca, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ba and Pb in raw coal fly ash from five Bulgarian power plants were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), using gallium as the internal standard. The samples were analysed as in slurry form in Triton
Rapid determination of products of phenol hydrogenation in a supercritical water system using headspace gas chromatography
Authors: Guan Qing-Qing , Huang Xiao-Dian , Zeng Yan-Hua , Wei Chao-Hai , Ning Ping , Gu Jun-Jie , Chai Xin-Sheng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper reports a headspace analysis technique for the determination of products, i.e., cyclohexanone (CE) and cyclohexanol (CL), of phenol hydrogenation in a supercritical water reaction system (SWRS) with water removal by hydrate formation. An addition of anhydrous calcium chloride leads to water absorption resulting in crystal water; thus, the samples can be quantitatively measured without the influence of water. After achieving equilibrium at 150­°C and maintaining it for 5 min, the obtained results showed a relative standard deviation of less than 5.3 % and the recovery ranged from 93 % to 104 %. The presented method is simple and accurate for the analysis of CL, CE and phenol in samples from phenol conversion in SWRS.
Thio-click approach to the synthesis of stable glycomimetics
Authors: Lázár László , Csávás Magdolna , Tóth Marietta , Somsák László , Borbás Anikó 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCarbon-sulfur-bridged glycomimetics were prepared by free radical hydrothiolation of the exocyclic double bond of unsaturated sugars. Reaction between benzoyl-substituted pyranoid-exoglycal and a range of thiols including peptide, 1-thioglycerol and 1-thiosugar derivatives gave β-Dconfigured carbon-sulfur-linked glycoconjugates with full stereoselectivity. Addition of a panel of thiols to a 3-exomethylene-glucofuranose derivative also proceeded in a stereoselective manner and afforded a series of D-allo-configured 3-deoxy-3-C-S-bridged glycoconjugates.
Synthesis of ether-linked [60]fullerene glycoconjugates by nucleophilic cyclopropanation
Authors: Fejes Zsolt , Hadházi Ádám , Rűth Erzsébet , Csávás Magdolna , Bereczki Ilona , Borbás Anikó , Herczegh Pál 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEthyl acetoacetate-sugar derivatives were prepared by standard alkylation of primary or secondary hydroxyls of diacetonide-protected sugars with ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate. The obtained d-fructose, d-galactose, d-glucose and d-allose derivatives were conjugated to C
Comparison of selected aroma compounds in cultivars of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
Authors: Vítová Eva , Sůkalová Kateřina , Mahdalová Martina , Butorová Lenka , Melikantová Marcela 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThirteen cultivars of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries: Aromat, Botanicky, Buchlovicky, Hergo, Krasavica, Leicora, Ljubitelna, Pavlovsky, Peterbursky, Sluničko, Trofinovsky, Vitaminnaja and Velkoosecky, were tested for the content of volatile aroma compounds using gas chromatography with the solid phase microextraction method during two consequent years (2012- 2013). In total, 69 volatile compounds were identified: 26 alcohols, 12 aldehydes, 11 ketones, 9 acids and 11 esters. Based on principal component analysis, 18 most relevant compounds, best representing the variability of the whole system and suitable for the discrimination of the samples, were selected from all compounds identified. These compounds were then compared using the analysis of variance to confirm differences between the samples. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in the varieties in both years, Krasavica and Sluničko cultivars were found to be quite different from other varieties, being rich in the compounds identified and containing most of the selected compounds. Variability within the cultivars (between picking years) was low or not significant.
Passive sampling application to control air quality in interior of new vehicles
Authors: Faber Joanna , Brodzik Krzysztof , Gołda-Kopek Anna , Łomankiewicz Damian , Nowak Jan , Świątek Antoni 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe investigation of air pollution is a highly important field of research. Air quality in a vehicle’s interior has attracted growing attention since people spend much of their time in vehicles and those frequently travelling in new cars are exposed to harmful compounds. The main air pollutants inside new vehicles are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), present as a result of interior materials’ de-gassing. Among the sampling methods used in indoor air quality research, active sampling for VOCs collection is one method that has been extensively described and applied. The present study sought to implement passive sampling with Radiello
Effect of influent nitrogen concentration on feasibility of short-cut nitrification during wastewater treatment in activated sludge systems
Authors: Svehla Pavel , Radechovsky Josef , Hrncirova Helena , Pacek Lukas , Bartacek Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of free ammonia and free nitrous acid on nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) was studied in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with a suspended microbial culture. The reactor was operated at 15°C, with a dissolved oxygen concentration in excess of 5 mg L
Electrode and electrodeless impedance measurement for determination of orange juices parameters
Authors: Seidlová Romana , Poživil Jaroslav , Seidl Jaromír , Ďaďo Stanislav , Průšová Petra , Malec Lukáš 
Published: April 2015

AbstractElectrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-destructive, rapid and real-time measurement method which does not require special high-tech measurement devices and can be applied to food quality assessment. This method is rapid, effective and affords low-cost investigation of the product. The conventional EIS method requires a set of metal electrodes in direct contact with the medium to be measured. The complicated electrochemical processes on the electrodes-electrolyte interface could substantially affect the value of the impedance measured. The present study sought to explore the possibilities of using the impedance method for quality control in orange juices, to introduce the electrodeless method of electrolyte impedance measurement and to compare this with the conventional impedance methods. The electrical properties of the orange juices were described with the help of an equivalent circuit. An equivalent circuit was designed with constant phase element approximation. The values of the equivalent circuit components were fitted using a non-standard algorithm inspired by the behaviour of actual ant colonies. Implementing the electrodeless method obviated the electrodes phenomena effects and the behaviour of the electrolyte is similar to inductance. The proposed electrodeless method is generally applicable to measuring the electrochemical properties of electrolytes.
Register variation by Spanish users of English: The Nijmegen Corpus of Spanish English
Authors: Kouwenhoven Huib , Ernestus Mirjam , Mulken Margot van 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEnglish serves as alingua francain situations with varying degrees of formality. How formality affects non-native speech has rarely been studied. We investigated register variation by Spanish users of English by comparing formal and informal speech from the Nijmegen Corpus of Spanish English that we created. This corpus comprises speech from 34 Spanish speakers of English in interaction with Dutch confederates in two speech situations. Formality affected the amount of laughter and overlapping speech and the number of Spanish words. Moreover, formal speech had a more informational character than informal speech. We discuss how our findings relate to register variation in Spanish.
A multiple-grammar model of speakers’ linguistic knowledge
Authors: Iwasaki Shoichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBy using the concept of ‘multiple grammars,’ this paper develops the view of an individual speaker’s cognitive organization of grammar. Although conversation, one type of spoken language environment, plays a crucial role in the emergence of grammar, for some speakers in a literate society, the written language environment may also contribute to developing a grammar. The two language environments are expected to provide unique incentives to shaping grammar differently as they diverge greatly in terms of media types (sound vs graph), constraints (online processing vs detachment), and purposes (interaction vs ideational formation), among others. At the same time, speakers may come in contact with and acquire additional sets of grammar for specific genres. Though the grammars acquired in different genre environments may be merged at the most abstract level, each grammar contains genre-specific formulaic expressions and grammatical resources with varying degrees of granularity. Speakers may conduct their routine linguistic activities in an informal conversation by employing reusable formulaic expressions of various types and rudimentary combinatory algorithms, but when they engage in more complex verbal tasks (politicians engaging in a debate, interviewees reconstructing past experiences), they may employ more abstract grammatical resources including those that were acquired from written language. The paper explores these suggestions by performing text and statistical analyses of several Japanese discourse samples.
Estimating New Product Success with the Use of Intelligent Systems
Authors: Relich Marcin , Bzdyra Krzysztof 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents identifying success factors in new product development and selecting new product portfolio. The critical success factors are identified on the basis of an enterprise system, including the fields of project management, marketing and customer’s comments concerning the previous products. The model of measuring the success of a product includes the indicators such as duration and cost of product development, and net profit from a product. The proposed methodology is based on identification of the relationships between product success and project environment parameters with the use of artificial neural networks and fuzzy neural system that is compared with the results from linear model. The presented method contains the stages of knowledge discovery process such as data selection, data preprocessing, and data mining in the context of an enterprise resource planning system database. The illustrative example enhances a performance comparison of intelligent systems in the context of data preprocessing.
Spatio-temporal filtering for determination ofcommon mode error in regional GNSS networks
Authors: Bogusz Janusz , Gruszczynski Maciej , Figurski Mariusz , Klos Anna 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The spatial correlation between different stationsfor individual components in the regional GNSS networksseems to be significant. The mismodelling in satelliteorbits, the Earth orientation parameters (EOP), largescaleatmospheric effects or satellite antenna phase centrecorrections can all cause the regionally correlated errors.This kind of GPS time series errors are referred to ascommon mode errors (CMEs). They are usually estimatedwith the regional spatial filtering, such as the "stacking".In this paper, we show the stacking approach for the setof ASG-EUPOS permanent stations, assuming that spatialdistribution of the CME is uniform over the whole regionof Poland (more than 600 km extent). The ASG-EUPOSis a multifunctional precise positioning system based onthe reference network designed for Poland. We used a 5-year span time series (2008-2012) of daily solutions in theITRF2008 from Bernese 5.0 processed by the Military Universityof Technology EPN Local Analysis Centre (MUTLAC). At the beginning of our analyses concerning spatialdependencies, the correlation coefficients between eachpair of the stations in the GNSS network were calculated.This analysis shows that spatio-temporal behaviour of theGPS-derived time series is not purely random, but there isthe evident uniform spatial response. In order to quantifythe influence of filtering using CME, the norms L1 and L2were determined. The values of these norms were calculatedfor the North, East and Up components twice: beforeperforming the filtration and after stacking. The observedreduction of the L1 and L2 norms was up to 30% dependingon the dimension of the network. However, the questionhow to define an optimal size of CME-analysed subnetworkremains unanswered in this research, due to thefact that our network is not extended enough.
Memes, Trojan horses and the discursive power of audience
Authors: Polách Vladimír P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The study focuses on the phenomenon known as internet memes and their possible use in the creation and re-creation of media discourse. The main materials used are photos of Vladimir Putin and the famous Situation Room photo released by the White House. The stance taken in the study is based on the familiar and simple assumption that thanks to the new media we are facing the end of classical photography, sometimes described as the post-photography era. In post-photography, the connotations and context are more important than the content itself. Internet memes, a phenomena typical for the new media, can then also be used in a political context, where the “original” photographs of politicians and political events, usually officially released by PR departments, are altered not only to change the content, but above all the connotations. While regarded by most as jokes and puns, user-generated re-interpretations of Vladimir Putin and Obama’s war on terror can also have deeper meanings and impacts
New media, NGOs and civic engagement: Qualitative research in the borderland between the “offline” and “online” worlds
Authors: Petrjánošová Magda , Lášticová Barbara 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper addresses the question of how to explore Slovak NGO use of new media to foster civic engagement. We argue that it is not possible to focus solely on the NGOs’ online communication; that would make sense only in the context of the overall communication. Hence, this paper deals with the borderlands between online and offline communication. It focuses on five main theoretical and methodological challenges: the fact that the existing body of research focuses on peak periods of public unrest, the predominance of an etic perspective, the predominance of quantitative studies, the blending of activities done on- and offline, and the complex, changing nature of the object of research. We sketch out several analytical strategies, focusing on qualitative approach and emic perspective
Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of theophylline and doxofylline in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lal Dushyant , Manocha Sachin , Ray Arunabha , Vijayan V.K. , Kumar Raj 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background: Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the major obstructive disorders that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. The present study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of theophylline and doxofylline in patients with bronchial asthma and COPD.

Methods: A total of 60 patients, 30 each with bronchial asthma and COPD, were enrolled for the study. Each group of 30 patients received standard treatment for asthma and COPD. Each group was again subdivided into two with 15 patients each, who received theophylline or doxofylline in addition to standard therapy, for a period of 2 months. Each patient was followed up fortnightly for the assessment of efficacy parameters using a pulmonary function test (PFT), clinical symptoms and emergency drug use, and safety was assessed by recording adverse drug reactions.

Results: Both theophylline and doxofylline produced enhancements in PFT at different time intervals in both asthma and COPD patients. The maximum beneficial effects were seen at 6 weeks for asthma patients and at 8 weeks for COPD patients for both theophylline and doxofylline.

Conclusions: The comparative study showed that doxofylline was more effective as evidenced by improvement in PFT as well as clinical symptoms, and reduced incidence of adverse effects and emergency bronchodilator use.
AlSb and InAs-GaSb layer thickness effect on HH-LH splitting and band gap energies in InAs/AlSb/GaSb type-II superlattices
Authors: Alyoruk M.M. , Ergun Y. , Hostut M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study is based on the investigation of AlSb layer thickness effect on heavy−hole light−hole (HH−LH) splitting and band gap energies in a recently developed N−structure based on InAs/AlSb/GaSb type II superlattice (T2SL) p−i−n photodetector.eFirst principle calculations were carried out tailoring the band gap and HH−LH splitting energies for two possible interface transition alloys of InSb and AlAs between InAs and AlSb interfaces in the superlattice. Results show that AlSb and InAs−GaSb layer thicknesses enable to control HH−LH splitting energies to desired values for Auger recombination process where AlSb/GaSb total layer thickness is equal to InAs layers for the structures with InSb and AlAs interfaces.
Ultra small clusters of gold nanoshells detected by SNOM
Authors: Cricenti A. , Luce M. , Moroni D. , Salvetti O. , D’Acunto M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMetal nanoshells are a type of nanoparticle composed by a dielectric core and a metallic coating. These nanoparticles have stimulated interest due to their remarkable optical properties. In common with metal colloids, they show distinctive absorption peaks at specific wavelengths due to surface plasmon resonance. However, unlike bare metal colloids, the wavelengths at which resonance occurs can be tuned by changing the core radius and coating thickness. One basic application of such property is in medicine, where it is hoped that nanoshells with absorption peaks in the near−infrared can be attached to cancerous cells. In this paper, we study the changes of optical response in visible and near infrared wavelengths from single to randomly distributed clusters of nanoshells. The results were obtained using a novel formulation of Mie theory in evanescent wave conditions, with a finite−difference time−domain (FDTD) simulation and experimentally on BaTiO
Tissue characterization with ballistic photons: counting scattering and/or absorption centres
Authors: Corral F. , Strojnik M. , Paez G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe describe a new method to separate ballistic from the scattered photons for optical tissue characterization. It is based on the hypothesis that the scattered photons acquire a phase delay. The photons passing through the sample without scattering or absorption preserve their coherence so they may participate in interference. We implement a Mach−Zehnder experimental setup where the ballistic photons pass through the sample with the delay caused uniquely by the sample indices of refraction. We incorporate a movable mirror on the piezoelectric actuator in the sample arm to detect the amplitude of the modulation term. We present the theory that predicts the path−integrated (or total) concentration of the scattering and absorption centres. The proposed technique may characterize samples with transmission attenuation of ballistic photons by a factor of 10
Highly efficient high power CW and Q-switched Ho:YLF laser
Authors: Kwiatkowski J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn efficient operation of a Ho:YLF laser pumped by a Tm-doped fibre laser is reported. The research in a continuous-wave (CW) operation was done for two crystals of the same 0.5 at.%Ho dopant concentration and with different lengths (3×3×30 mm