bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language competition: an economic theory of language learning and production
Authors: Wiese Harald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article employs game theory to contribute to sociolinguistics (or the economics of language). From both the synchronic and the diachronic perspective, we are interested in the conditions (of language learning and literary production) that make some languages dominate others. Two results are particularly noteworthy: (i) Translations have an ambiguous effect on domination. (ii) We offer three different explanations of how a past language like Latin or Sanskrit can develop into a standard for literary production.
The first record of Litarachna duboscqi Walter, 1925 (Acari, Pontarachnidae) outside the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Zawal Andrzej , Pešić Vladimir 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A single female of Litarachna duboscqi Walter, 1925 was collected on the coast of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands) extending the currently known distribution of this species by more than 2000 km southwestward into the eastern Atlantic.
Common time variation of parameters in reduced-form macroeconomic models
Authors: Stevanovic Dalibor 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Standard time varying parameter (TVP) models usually assume independent stochastic processes. In this paper, I show that the number of underlying sources of parameters’ time variation is likely to be small, and provide empirical evidence for factor structure amongst TVPs of popular macroeconomic models. In order to test for the presence of low dimension sources of time variation in parameters and estimate their magnitudes, I develop the factor time varying parameter (Factor-TVP) framework and apply it to [Primiceri, G.E. (2005), “Time Varying Structural Vector Autoregressions and Monetary Policy,” The Review of Economic Studies, 72, 821–852] monetary TVP-VAR model. I find that one factor explains most of the variability in VAR coefficients, while the stochastic volatility parameters vary independently. The inclusion of post-“Great Recession” data causes an important change within VAR coefficients and the procedure suggests two factors. The roots of variability in the VAR parameters are likely to have derived from the financial markets and the real sector. The TVP factors have predictive power for a large number of output, investment, and employment series, as well as for the term structure of interest rates.
Heat Shock Protein 27 Response to Wrestling Training in Relation to the Muscle Damage and Inflammation
Authors: Zembron-Lacny Agnieszka , Ziemann Ewa , Zurek Piotr , Hübner-Wozniak Elzbieta 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Zembron-Lacny, A, Ziemann, E, Zurek, P, and Hübner-Wozniak, E. Heat shock protein 27 response to wrestling training in relation to the muscle damage and inflammation. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1221–1228, 2017—One of the unique features of an exercise is that it leads to a simultaneous increase of antagonistic mediators. On the one hand, exercise elevates catabolic proinflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, exercise stimulates anabolic components such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), which protect against stressors. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate the blood level of HSP27 and its relationship with muscle damage and inflammatory mediators in elite Greco-Roman wrestlers during training periods differed in type and intensity exercise. Ten male wrestlers (21.2 ± 2.1 years) were observed during the conditioning camps at preseason (January), at the beginning of tournament season (April), and during tournament season (June). Twelve healthy and untrained men (19.2 ± 0.4 years) were considered a reference group. The serum levels of inflammatory mediators and HSP27 in wrestlers were significantly different from nonathletes. In wrestlers, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species H2O2, NO, and 3-nitro, cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α, and also HSP27 reached the highest levels at preseason (January) or tournament season (June) when the special training predominated (>30% training load) over directed training (approximately 10% training load). Creatine kinase activity also demonstrated the highest level during the same training periods (January 2,315 ± 806 IU·L−1; June 3,139 ± 975 IU·L−1). The regression analysis revealed the relationship of HSP27 level with muscle damage (r
s = −0.613, p < 0.001), and also with inflammatory mediators. The results of this study show that wrestling training modulates HSP27 level, which is significantly related with skeletal muscle damage and inflammatory response, and suggest that measure of HSP27 level can be useful diagnostic tool in biochemical assessment of athletes to increase their performance.
Point-of-Care Quantitative Measure of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Deficiency
Authors: Bhutani Vinod K. , Kaplan Michael , Glader Bertil , Cotten Michael , Kleinert Jairus , Pamula Vamsee 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Widespread newborn screening on a point-of-care basis could prevent bilirubin neurotoxicity in newborns with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. We evaluated a quantitative G6PD assay on a digital microfluidic platform by comparing its performance with standard clinical methods.

METHODS:
G6PD activity was measured quantitatively by using digital microfluidic fluorescence and the gold standard fluorescence biochemical test on a convenience sample of 98 discarded blood samples. Twenty-four samples were designated as G6PD deficient.

RESULTS:
Mean ± SD G6PD activity for normal samples using the digital microfluidic method and the standard method, respectively, was 9.7 ± 2.8 and 11.1 ± 3.0 U/g hemoglobin (Hb), respectively; for G6PD-deficient samples, it was 0.8 ± 0.7 and 1.4 ± 0.9 U/g Hb. Bland-Altman analysis determined a mean difference of –0.96 ± 1.8 U/g Hb between the digital microfluidic fluorescence results and the standard biochemical test results. The lower and upper limits for the digital microfluidic platform were 4.5 to 19.5 U/g Hb for normal samples and 0.2 to 3.7 U/g Hb for G6PD-deficient samples. The lower and upper limits for the Stanford method were 5.5 to 20.7 U/g Hb for normal samples and 0.1 to 2.8 U/g Hb for G6PD-deficient samples. The measured activity discriminated between G6PD-deficient samples and normal samples with no overlap.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pending further validation, a digital microfluidics platform could be an accurate point-of-care screening tool for rapid newborn G6PD screening.
Functional Organotin Alkynides as Precursors of Tin-Based Hybrid
Materials
Authors: Jaumier Pascale , Jousseaume Bernard , Riague Hocine , Toupance Thierry , Lahcini Mohamed 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTFunctional trialkynylorganotins were obtained by alkynylation of the
corresponding organotin trichlorides. When functional organotin trichlorides
were not stable, a selective monoalkynylation of tetraalkynyltins by
Grignard reagents was used. It was the first example of selective
monoalkylation reactions of symmetrically tetrasubstituted tin compounds.
Then, reactions of the functional trialkynylorganotins with alcohols, water
and carboxylic acids afforded respectively the corresponding functional
monoorganotin alkoxides and oxides, and monoorgano-oxotins carboxylates.
Ion Tracks in Metals and Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Barbu A. , Dammak H. , Dunlop A. , Lesueur D. 
Published: October 2015

When an energetic ion penetrates a target, it loses its energy via two nearly independent processes: (1) elastic collisions with the nuclei (nuclear-energy loss (dE/dx)n), which dominate the ion slowing down in the low energy range (i.e., in the stopping region); (2) electronic excitation and ionization (electronic-energy loss (dE/dx)e), which strongly overwhelm (dE/dx)n in the high energy range (typically above 1 MeV/nucleon). Until the 1980s, researchers considered that electronic-energy deposition could participate in damaging creation in many insulators, but the effects observed in bulk metals were solely ascribed to elastic nuclear collisions. This widely held opinion was due to the fact that in metallic systems the numerous very mobile conduction electrons allow a fast spreading of the deposited energy and an efficient screening of the space charge created in the projectile wake so that it seemed unreasonable to hope for damage creation or track formation in metallic targets following high levels of electronic-energy deposition.A particular case is the observation more than 30 years ago of damage in thin or discontinuous. metallic films after fission fragment irradiation or MeV heavy ion bombardment. The spreading of the deposited energy is then strongly limited by the close vicinity of surfaces and interfaces.
Ion’s Spiritual Journey
Authors: Torres Milton L. 
Published: October 2015

<p align="justify">El Ion ha provocado reacciones muy diferentes en sus lectores en cuanto al papel de la agenda religiosa de Eurípides. Algunos lo ven, como un intento de socavar la fe en los dioses; otros lo ven como un esfuerzo para mantener la devoción. Es cierto que Apolo no puso todo correctamente en orden y su sabiduría parece estar justificada en el final, pero eso no garantiza ninguna buena intención inicial por parte del dramaturgo. Mi sugerencia es que Ion simplemente parece santo. Él sólo se refiere a la forma de su religiosidad y no a su esencia. Ion se comporta santurronamente porque quiere preservar la integridad del templo que hace cierto grado de poder a su disposición. Sugiero que el tipo de crisis espiritual que Ion enfrenta es similar en el Antiguo Testamento a la atribución de Asaf, un ministro en el santuario judío en Jerusalén. De hecho, este trabajo trata de mostrar que el viaje espiritual de Ion, es sin embargo, un esfuerzo oportunista para salir adelante. Él no tiene ningún plan o principio moral que no sea convencerse que tiene ese tipo de cosas.</p>
Sulfhydryl variable-5 extended spectrum β-lactamase in nosocomial enteric bacteria causing sepsis in mexican children
Authors: Flores-Pérez Angélica , Gayosso-Vázquez Catalina , Alcántar-Curiel María Dolores , Arzate-Barbosa Patricia , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Arredondo-García José Luis 
Published: October 2015

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Enteric bacteria causing nosocomial infections are often resistant to third-generation cephalosporins due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).</p><p><br /><strong>Objective:</strong> To describe and characterize the ESBLs pattern present in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens strains, isolated as causative of nosocomial sepsis in pediatric patients at Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (National Institute of Pediatrics).</p><p><br /><strong>Material and methods:</strong> We analyzed 94 strains of K. pneumoniae and 7 of S. marcescens isolated from clinical specimens from 2002-2005, causative of sepsis in a children’s hospital. We evaluated antibiotic susceptibility and detection of ESBL phenotypes by disk diffusion methods; ceftazidime-resistant isolates were further characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); and ESBLs were phenotypically and genotypically characterized by isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. We also assed for presence of conjugative plasmids bearing the ESBL gene.</p><p><br /><strong>Results:</strong> 51/94 (54%) of K. pneumoniae isolates, and 5/7 (71%) of S. marcescens isolates were resistant to ceftazidime; all carried a blaSHV-5 gene. All K. pneumoniae isolates had a distinct PFGE profile, yet all carried a ~48-Kb plasmid, that was conjugatively transferable to an Escherichia coli receptor, which expressed the resistance phenotype. On the other hand, all S. marcescens isolates had a similar PFGE profile, were unable to transfer the ceftazidime-resistance phenotype, and were isolated from the same ward in a short time-span suggesting an outbreak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing enteric bacteria in this hospital is high but similar to other Latin American reports. The sulfhydryl variable-5 (SHV-5) ESBL gene appears to reside in a highly mobile plasmid, capable of spreading among different K. pneumoniae clones and perhaps even to S. marcescens.</p>
Aloe Gel Enhances Angiogenesis in Healing of Diabetic Wound
Authors: Sargowo Djanggan , Handaya Adeodatus Yuda , Widodo Mohammad Aris , Lyrawati Diana , Tjokroprawiro Askandar 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Diabetic micro and macroangiophathy lead to the incident of diabetic foot ulcers characterized by an increased number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and decreased function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). This fact is correlated with ischemia and diabetic wound healing failure. Aloe vera gel is known to be able to stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and activity by enhancing nitric oxide (NO) production as a result of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme activity. Aloe vera is a potential target to enhancing angiogenesis in wound healing.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the major role of Aloe vera gel in wound healing of diabetic ulcers by increasing the level of EPCs, VEGF, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as well as by reducing the level of CECs involved in angiogenesis process of diabetic ulcers healing.METHODS: The experimental groups was divided into five subgroups consisting of non diabetic wistar rats, diabetic rats without oral administration of aloe gel, and treatment subgroup (diabetic rats) with 30, 60 and 120 mg/day of aloe gel doses for 14 days. All subgroups were wounded and daily observation was done on the wounds areas. Measurement of the number of EPCs (CD34), and CECs (CD45 and CD146) was done by flowcytometry, followed by measurement of VEGF and eNOS expression on dermal tissue by immunohistochemical method on day 0 and day 14 after treatment. The quantitative data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and Linear Regression, with a cofidence interval 5% and significance level (p<0.05) using SPSS 16 software to compare the difference and correlation between wound diameters, number of EPCs and CECs as well as the levels of VEGF and eNOS.RESULTS: The results of this study showed that aloe gel oral treatment in diabetic wistar rats was able to accelerate the wound healing process. It was shown by significant reduction of wound diameter (0.27±0.02); the increased number of CECs (0.42±0.57), respectively (p<0.05). On the other hand, the wound diameter and eNOS indicators showed significant differences at the dose of 60 mg, while the number of EPCs and CECs and the level of VEGF showed significantly different results at a dose of 120 mg. Aloe gel oral therapy showed a positive indication of wound healing acceleration at the optimum dose range 60-120 mg a day.CONCLUSIONS: Aloe gel is potential to be a herbal therapy candidate for diabetic wound healing through enhancing EPCs homing, decreasing the CECs number, and stimulating the increase of VEGF and eNOS levels,hence proving to be a dominant factor in the angiogenesis process.KEYWORDS: aloe gel, diabetes, wound healing, angiogenesis
YKL-40 Correlates with Soluble CD 40 Ligand in Old Myocardial Infarction with Hypertension
Authors: Kumalasari Diah , Wijaya Andi , Santoso Anwar 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction is one of the coronary artery diseases caused by plaque rupture, plaque erosion or calcified nodules, with the occurence of thrombus formation and artery occlusion. YKL-40 has a functional role in plaque fibrous formation because of its high expression during fibrosis development, vascular smooth muscle cells differentiation, elevated matrix turnover and tissue remodelling in old myocardial infarction, whereas CD40 ligand, which is stored in the cytoplasm of resting platelets, rapidly presents on the surface. After cleavage, a soluble functional CD40 ligand (sCD4OL) is generated. The aim of this study was to assess the association between YKL-40 and sCD4OL in old myocardial infarction.METHODS: This study used the cross sectional study design. Fifty six patients with old myocardial infarction were selected based on their electrocardiographical results. Among these patients, 23 subjects had hypertension and 15 subjects had hsCRP >3-l0 mg/L. YKL-40 and sCD40L were measured by ELISA method.RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between YKL-40 and sCD40L (r=0.078; p=0.569) in old myocardial infarction and in subjects with hsCRP >3-10 mg/L (r=0.524; p=0.045). However, significant positive correlations Were found in subjects with hypertension (r=0.447; p=0.029).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that YKL 40 correlated significantly with sCD4OL in subjects with hypertension.KEYWORDS: myocardial infarction, ruptured plaque, coronary artery disease, YKL-40, soluble CD40 ligand
GFAP and S100B Protein are Associated with Discharged NIHSS of Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Surjawan Yenny , As'ad Suryani , Ranakusuma Teguh A S , Wijaya Andi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Patient with larger ischemic lesion will suffer more severe neurogical deficit. The utility of MRI for lesion size measurement is still limited, therefore additional approach was pursued through examination of markers released by damaged brain cell, GFAP and S100B protein. The aim of this study is to know whether both markers are associated with the neurological deficit of anterior circulation ischemic stroke. METHODS: This observational prospective study enrolled 74 patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke diagnosis. GFAP and S100B protein were measured with ELISA using blood collected at 48 to 72 hours after onset. The neurological deficit was assessed with NIHSS ad discharged.RESULTS: There was a significant association between GFAP level and discharged NIHSS (p=0.008) with 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value. S100B protein also showed a significant correlation with discharged NIHSS (r=0.488; p=0.000) and this correlation could be described with an equation (OR=1.009; 95% CI=1.0003-1.0188; p=0.044). S100B protein at 78.3215 ng/L would give true prediction as 73.9% (95% CI=62.7%-85.2%, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: GFAP and S100B protein that were measured at 48 to 72 hours after onset were significantly associated with NIHSS at discharge. KEYWORDS: GFAP, S100B protein, discharged NIHSS, ischemic stroke
First Application of Cemented Sliding Sleeves with Degradable Drop Ball Technique Optimizes Horizontal Multistage Fracturing Operations in the Middle East: Egypt Western Desert Case Study
Authors: Salah Mohamed , ElSebaee Mohamed , Raouf Pilar , Keshishian Avo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The ultimate goal of increased production has led to exploring new techniques to stimulate unconventional reservoirs in an efficient and economical manner. Globally, the trend towards horizontal drilling is increasing to enhance production by increasing the contact area with the producing interval. Likewise, operators are looking to maximize the volume of reservoir rock that is fracture stimulated, using horizontal drilling to create lateral sections and combining this with the efficient placement of propped fracturing treatment. Nevertheless, individual fracturing of numerous zones with bridge plug isolation or the conventional perf-and-plug method poses several concerns regarding cost and operational efficiency in horizontal wells. A new multistage stimulation technique has been successfully deployed in the Western Desert, Egypt, for the first time allowing for multiple stages to be fracture stimulated in one continuous operation.
The technique using cemented fracturing sliding sleeves and degradable-ball drop was successfully implemented. This technique utilizes valves with preset seats and matching degradable balls to achieve zonal isolation. The balls are dropped from the surface, to isolate the stimulated interval. Once the ball lands on the seat, applying surface pressure activates the sleeve and opens up the fracturing port at the next target zone of the formation to be stimulated.
This completion system allows for maximum operational efficiency because it eliminates the need for and risks associated with the use of wireline for perforations or coiled tubing services to mill out a bridge plug or clean up a sand plug. Fewer needed services and personnel allows for reduced operating time and lower cost. In one well, implementation of the cemented sliding sleeves with degradable ball technique was successful in efficiently completing seven hydraulic fracturing stages efficiently. The subject well, 3H Pinot was drilled to a measured depth of 10,330 ft with a lateral length of over 3,300 ft. This well provides a model for the completion strategy, operational procedures, adeptness of the isolation, and time frame. Another benefit that was demonstrated during the execution was precise fracture placement in utilizing the innovative fracturing ports. Implementation of the fracturing sliding sleeves system resulted in achievement of completions and stimulation goals while significantly increasing operational efficiency by means of reduced time between fracture stages and effective isolation. Enumeration of operational setbacks encountered during the execution of the multistage fracturing treatment provides areas for future improvement and recommendations for future field operations. In the subject well, the technique impacted production because immediate and simultaneous flowback of all the stages was possible.
Modeling Multi-Stage Twisted Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Shale Reservoirs Considering Geomechanical Factors
Authors: Jang Y. , Kim J. , Ertekin T. , Sung W. M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
To model hydraulic fracture propagation in naturally fractured reservoirs, fracture propagation is generally assumed to be a single planar fracture propagated only in the vertical direction from a horizontal well, regardless of the presence of natural fractures. In this paper, we developed a multi-stage hydraulic fracture propagation model using a twisted multiple planar fracture that is able to describe the propagation of hydraulic fractures more realistically. In propagating hydraulic fractures, we used two criteria: maximum tangential stress, to determine the fracture initiation angle, and whether a hydraulic fracture passes through a natural fracture. The developed model was used with a commercial reservoir simulator through grid mapping in the form of a discrete fracture network using microseismic data. The results of the verification matched the experimental results well for various intersection angles and maximum horizontal stress directions. In the investigation of the direction of maximum horizontal stress, the frictional coefficient of the fracture interface, and fracture orientation, hydraulic fracture propagation modeling results showed that the hydraulic fracture passed through a natural fracture, and thereafter propagated in a manner suitably consistent with the theoretical results, based on a fracture interaction criterion. After confirming the twisted multiple planar fracture model suggested in this work, discrepancies were found in the fracture connectivity and the stimulated reservoir volume. This indicates that the twisted multiple planar fracture approach, which is more realistic in terms of fracture propagation, is extremely important in evaluating the initial gas in place, calculated according to the stimulated reservoir volume.