bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diakonie als Wissenschaft
Authors: Anselm Reiner 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
»Diakoniewissenschaft« was determined until now in priority by an apologetic interest. Its purposewas before all to demoostrate church's diakonia as an integral component of church actingasweil as theological science. The historic orientation of the previous research corresponded to that. In cantrast to this, the above paper pleads to discard this apologetic schema. It defines »Diakoniewissenschaft« as »applied theology«, as an independent kind of theological science in the different fields of practice. The special feature of the »Diakoniewissenschaft« is the scientific self-reflection of all diaconal activities. It points out religious as weil as theological motives with determine the diaconal practice in the present and the corresponding targets in the future. The articel outlines this type of »diakoniewissenschaftlichen< research at two examples, at the question of the medical ethics and the ekklesiological orientation.
Ornament, Fundament, Argument oder was sonst?
Authors: Heimbach-Steins Marianne , Steins Georg 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In moral ethics the bible is often used selectively, providing examples of ideal behaviour or serving as a source of motivation. Thus, strictly speaking, one could do without the bible. However, in rediscovering the bible as a canon of a community of faith and practice andin working out a new approach (»canonical approach«), one can redefine the bible's role in ethics: (1) A canonical contextualization is absolutely required for a thorough reference to the bible. (2) The bible presents a complex (»many-voiced«) concept of the world according to God's will, in which God's people holds a key position. (3) The bible provides fundamental ideas for a counter-real interpretation of the world ( openness of the future; reversal of powers).
Verteilungsgerechtigkeit: mehr Effizienz oder mehr Gleichheit?
Authors: Neumärker Karl Justus Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We show when and how the principles of efficiency and equality might come together and develop a fairness compensation test. A simple graphical analysis is applied. If the faimess compensation test fails, efficiency and justice cannot be fully connected and a wedge between econornic and faimess principles remains. We discuss how important this wedge might be and argue that there does not exist a principle of systematic antinomy between efficiency and faimess.
Embryonenschutz und medizinischer Fortschritt
Authors: Körtner Ulrich H.J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
For the political, the theological and church discussion about reproductive medicine and genetics in Germany it might be helpful to take a Iook on the situation in other European countries. The above article informs about the discussion in Austria, which has a law of reproductive medicine since 1992. The focus of analysis lies on the legal and moral status of the embryo. It is questionable to argue that an embryo is a person. Concerning the protection of the embryo there are general philosophical reasons but also reasons of theological anthropology which lead to a position of tutiorism. In general a strict protection of the embryo must be granted, but under certain circumstances there are valid reasons for a balance of ethical goods. Detailed questions which are discussed are new indications for in-vitro-fertilization and the ethical issues of preimplantation diagnosis, of research on embryonie stem cells and of therapeutic cloning.
Die Entpersönlichung des Sterbens
Authors: Schmidt-Jortzig Edzard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author, former Minister of Justice in Germany, focuses on problems arising in the codification of ethical decisions concerning assistance in suicide, as it occurs in the Netherlands. He appreciates the precautions taken in Netherlands 's law to prevent abuse of the legalization of certain kinds of euthanasia. He states that the declared intention of a dying person to end his or her own life is to be respected. Campassion and sympathy which finally lead to aiding the moribund person in suicide might be understandable although strictly forbidden. This ends up in a conflict which can not be subject to legal statutes but has tobe a matter of a very serious decision of conscience. Thus, aid in suicide can not be allowed by law in general. The author claims that the focus on everyone's own responsible decision is a genuine position of protestant ethics.
Der Status des menschlichen Embryos
Authors: Schubert Hartwig von 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Protestant documents conceming the status of the human embryo are empirically founded on biological observations and their interpretation. In Germany the beginning of individual human life is the end of the pre-core-state, the British embryo begins at the end of phase of possible sp1itting into twins. Both argue that the once manifest human embryo carries the full human dignity. As definitions thus no Ionger can plead innocent, additional factors of the argument have to be revealed.
Der Beginn des Lebens
Authors: Utzschneider Helmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author examines the evidence of biblical, esp. Old Testamenttexts referring to the beginning and the early stages of human life. The biblical evidence suggests a multidimensional view: Biologically human life starts within the womb; socially human life is already in its earliest stages part of the family; theologically the womb is seen as the place where god shapes the personality of human beings (Ps 139:14). From a biblical point of view the beginning of human life in a full sense should not be exclusively restricted to the act and moment of procreation or fertilization.
Wertvolle Freiheit wahrnehmen
Authors: Buhmann Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In Gennany politicians, scholars of education and joumalists plead for a new attention to ( ethical) values (»Werte«). Butthereis no comrnon sense, that theology should refer to values at all. The author argues (against Eberhard Jüngel and others), that christian freedorn should be transfonned to ethical values, that rneans to (ethical) goods, duties and virtues in order to become a »wertvolle Freiheit« (worthy freedorn). Looking back to the history of educational science, one of the fundamental dirnensions of education always was ethical education. Today such ethical education should concentrate at the practice of the different aspects of christian freedorn: Beginning with the experiences of the gift of freedorn and Iove, freedom needs promising visions of God's kingdom and justice and rnust be trained as cornrnunicating and cooperative freedorn in responsibility for each other. The rnethods of religious education in school and parish should consider all those dirnensions of freedorn. But first of all, the structures of educational institutions have tobe in accordance to those visions of freedorn.
»Sterbehilfe« in den Niederlanden und Belgien
Authors: Jans Jan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recently, both in the Netherlands and in Belgium, legislation has been approved to depenalize »euthanasia «. From the background of a theological perspective and in the light of a justified aspiration for >death with dignity<, this article discusses the critical contributions of the Christian churches to the public and political debate that accompanied these legislative changes. Special attention is devoted to the so-called >requirements of due care<. Finally, some observations are offered for the future, including comments on the frequently invoked notion of >the gift of life<.
Tun und Unterlassen im klinischen Entscheidungskonflikt
Authors: Frey Christofer , Dabrock Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
To act and to refrain from actions comprises according to the logic of ethical consequentialism to be responsible in any case. This argument is particularly important in medical ethics: Setting actively limits to a life or permitting a long-term suffering of a patient is sometimes interpreted as equally important in the view of morals or ethics. The foundation of this argument is a one-sided theory of causation. The essay presented here tries to differentiate between the idea of causation in activities and the ascription of consequences of non-interference in certain cases. In former times nature presented reasons for nonintervention: God was at work. But when the idea of God is deficient in evidence in certain Western societies a qualified idea of life could replace the former basis of naturallaw or natural theology.
Quo vadis, WTO?
Authors: Hübner Jörg 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the wake of massive structural changes within the world trade the WTO faces important challenges. Like an invisible world govemment the WTO uses its agreement as a sort of basic law. This basic law demands equal chances for every human being in the world. Therefore it is important to strengthen the WTO in order to pave the way for fair conditions within the world trade. This essay asks which circumstances are necessary to achieve this goal.
Der Friede in der Politik
Authors: Koch Traugott 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article describes peace in history until modern times as a peace derived from the authority of government. The modern idea of peace is based on the agreement of partners contracting self-confidently. The Christian contribution to peace contains the strong will to make peace through the believing in God as the permanently inspiring spirit of reconciliation. With regard to the humanitarian interventions which are controversially seen according to international law the article shows cause, reason, conditions and aim to justify ethically the procedure of interventions
Evangelische Friedensethik nach dem Irakkrieg
Authors: Haspel Michael 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Iraq war poses new challenges for Protestant peace ethics. Starting from an analysis of the document of the Evangelical Church in Germany »Steps on the Way towards Peace« it is argued, that the set of criteria for the legitimate use of military force provided there, is neither consistent nor workable. This seems to result from a misperception of the recent debate on just and limited war-theory. By putting under scrutiny the ethical judgments of the Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq war some inconsistency is brought to the surface, as is the need for further development of such criteria. Finally, a concept for peace ethics as ethics of international relations is provided, combining an insitutionalist, a human rights, a cosmopolitan with a just and limited war perspective aiming on the gradual realization of just peace according to the Christian doctrine of reconciliation.
Kinder im Krankenhaus
Authors: Surall Frank 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The particular situation of children in hospitals is discussed on the basis of a principle of equality which is founded on both childrens' rights and theology. It is just because of these equal rights of children that special medical care is required which does justice to the characteristics and the stage of development of children. Medical care like that does not at all have tobe a general obstacle to considerations of economic efficiency. The particular dependence of children on stable social surroundings implies a priority of outpatient and home treatment as weil as the integration of parents and other important persans to whom the child relates closely when it comes to an inevitable admission in a hospital. A model of medical ethics based on »informed consent« needs particular aspects concerning the interests of children in hospitalssuch as child-orientated information and the graduated legal obligatory nature of the child 's will
Anschläge auf die Freiheit?
Authors: Klein Andreas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The discussion about the possibilities of human freedom is by far not tinished yet, Iet alone worn out. The discourse on freedom again became the focus of critical discussion, especially due to the immensely pushed and successful neurosciences and their findings and- following in their wake- newly established (neuro-)philosophical concepts. But also inner-philosophical problems demand re-orientation. This has tobe of interest for theology, too, as freedom is at the core of Christian self-understanding and theological explication
Gott über der, in der, unter der Verfassung?
Authors: Kneucker Raoul F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Whether in a new Austrian constitution a preamble, with or without reference to God I with or without reference to the religious, in particular Christian legacies, should precede the normative text, is a question that is discussed from a historical and constitutional point of view, and answered negatively: European constitutions since the Enlightenment transform the »subjects«, who would not have any other appeal than to God, into »citizens« who are protected by human rights as constitutional law; citizens are the origin and the goal of all political activities. Their participation in shaping the state's policies is based on their own concience only, even if their concience is determined by religious beliefs
Erwerbsarbeit und gesellschaftliche Integration
Authors: Meireis Torsten 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper on the integrative function of work the author challenges the popular claim that jobs are the main source of social integration. Rather it is argued that the claim that work entitles to recognition, participation, income and opens the way towards a meaningfullife should be treated as an ideal, established in the period of Enlightenment. >Social integration< is then defined as a normative concept concerning the capability to participate in the social systems and communities. In that view, social integration implies more than the workplace has to offer. While gainful employment based on high standards of social security may further the cause of social integration, precarious jobs combined with harsh workfare regimes do endanger it. Concluding, a policy adhering to the capability approach towards social integration is proposed, measures intended to take pressure offthe welfare system include changes in the system of public education and the establishment of a basic income scheme.
Globalisierung und nationale Wirtschaftsmodelle: kann das »deutsche Modell« überleben?
Authors: Busch Andreas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Globalisation is often argued to erode differences between national varieties of capitalism and enforce convergence. This article takes up the debate - triggered by declining economic performance - about the viability of the » German model « of a co-ordinated market economy, systematising and summarizing the arguments about its alleged seminal transformation over the last decade. It goes on to identify a number of flaws in the respective literatme and questions whether the case for fundamental change taking place in Germany has really been made in a Iasting and convincing way. In addition it points to significant elements of continuity in areas such as industrial relations and emphasizes the importance of political decisions in determining the fate of national economic models.
Generation Riester
Authors: Hueck Nikolaus 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The shift in the demographic structure of German society results in an ever smaller amount of workers having to support an ever increasing number of pensioners. For this reason, it is necessary to revisit the so-called »generational contract«. A review of the history of this generational contract, from the biblical commandment to respect your elders through the social laws under Bismarck on to Adenauer‘s reform of pensions shows that the flaw of the state pension plan resides in the fact that the generational contract only governs the relations between those who are gainfully employed and those which are retired, without sufficiently takink into account children and the contribution made by families raising them. In this regard, it is only possible to ensure the long-term viability of the generational contract by correctly understanding the self-interest of all parties rather than by issuing calls for solidarity
Familie aus der Perspektive der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit – Anfrage an das christlich-abendländische Eheverständnis
Authors: Gerhard Ute 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A short overview relating trends in cultural and social changes of the European family lifestyle and structure points out that the particular delay in West-German family policy as social policy is based on a gender order that still privileges the male breadwinner model and mother‘s sole childcare responsibility. This model is backed up by legal and theological doctrines of marriage as a social institution that contradicts the liberal contract-theory and the equality of the sexes. From the viewpoint of gender-justice the challenge is to re-define what is referred as a Christian-Western concept of marriage
Geist und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Voigt Friedemann 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The ethical significance of pneumatology lies in its concept of reality, which includes personal and cultural ethics. In discussion with Karl Barth’s and Paul Tillich’s theology of the Holy Spirit this concept is presented as a fundamental approach to ethics. While Barth focuses on aspects of personal ethics, Tillich accentuates cultural ethics. This essay brings together both perspectives and especially exposes the relevance of the cultural aspects. Eventually it sketches the outlines of a contemporary theological concept of ethics.
Der Reichtum und das gute Leben
Authors: Meireis Torsten 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The essay deals with the Protestant approach towards the issue of wealth. While biblical statements tend to take a very critical stance towards riches and the rich, the protestant tradition and classical and contemporary imagery take a more favorable approach. For that reason, a closer look seems necessary. Three steps are taken. First of all, the concept of ›wealth‹ bears closer scrutiny. Secondly, the classical Protestant doctrine on wealth is given a short survey. Finally, the role of wealth in a Protestant concept of the good life is discussed. As a result, prosperity and capital are distinguished from wealth: While economic prosperity and capital may well be used as means in a Christian concept of the good life, wealth - understood as intentional use of prosperity as means towards social distinction or as overwhelming economic power - should not be one of its ends. Rather, Christians should advocate the spread of a basic prosperity and capital to everyone.
Alttestamentliche Impulse für bioethische Diskussionen zum Lebensbeginn
Authors: Grohmann Marianne 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Hebrew Bible provides a rich language and manifold images of describing the beginning of life. It does not determine the status of the embryo in a technical way, but reflects general human experiences with the indeterminacy of prenatal life. Its attitude towards the beginning of life is always multi-dimensional, combining physical, personal, social and transcendental perspectives. The tension between theological explanations and human responsibility is reflected both in the Hebrew Bible and in modern bioethical discussions. Although texts like 1 Sam 1-2 and Ps 139,13-16 were written in a completely different context, their way of speaking about this tension shows parallels with current themes.
Gesundheit als Kraft zum Menschsein
Authors: Rieger Hans-Martin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
What is health? This question figures prominently in several ethical, medicinal and (health-)psychological issues. Against this background the paper investigates the definition and the understanding of health in Karl Barth‘s dogmatics in its theological framework. The reconstruction provides a model of health, which allows treating contemporary issues, because it presents a dynamic and relational model with several dimensions, including the dimension of will. The will to health, though depending on somatic, psychic and social conditions, plays an important role in handling with diseases, in living with imperfections and in supporting healthy lifestyle and preventive measures. This will must be interpreted as the will and the power to be a human being with its gifts and limits
Respekt vor Patientenautonomie und Achtung der Menschenwürde
Authors: Rolf Sibylle 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The study investigates the »Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics« published by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress (1979, 52001) with a particular concern for the principle of respect for autonomy. The leading question is in which philosophical background autonomy is dealt with by Beauchamp/Childress and by the enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, while the more emipirical theoretical framework of Beauchamp/Childress and the rationalistic framework of Kant are being analyzed. After having considered the foundation of autonomy both in Beauchamp/Childress and Kant, the study turns to the relationship of autonomy and human dignity by exploring the implicit extension of autonomy, human dignity and being human, and asks which consequences have to be drawn from a theological point of view.
Christofer Frey
Authors: Rendtorff Trutz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Protestant ethics, since the fifties of last centrury, has moved from foundational and eschatological terms, provoked by sociohistorical selfreflection, to recognize human rights as basic frame of reference for realistic christian ethics. In consequence of this swing, conceptual, theological affinity to modern principles of human freedom as well as distinction to the realm of »public law« are challenging a new discussion of »public« theology in encounter of Christianity with Islam
Zeitzeuge der Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik von 1970 bis 2003
Authors: Strohm Theodor 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article shows clearly the experiences of the author concerning the social restart of Germany after 1945. The ZEE was and is a place for reflection and reorientation. Personal encounters with personalities of the »first hour« constitute the opening. This is followed by five central situations which were witnessed and devised by the author. They had a direct effect on the ZEE. 1. The participation in the senior staff of Willy Brandt had an effect on the contemplation of an »ethos of inner reforms«. 2. The reform process in South Africa with its »peaceful revolution« brought the author there, having intense working relations to the leaders of the »black majority«. These experiences found their way into the ZEE. 3. As chairman of the chamber for social order of the EKD (Evangelical Church in Germany) the author worked nearly 20 years intensively on memoranda concerning the reorientation of the welfare state in many dimensions. The ZEE was a central place of scientific debate. 4. and 5. As head of the Diakoniewissenschaftliches Institut (I. for Christian social work) of the University of Heidelberg basic questions of deaconry theologically and at the same time world wide aspects were at the centre of interest also at the ZEE
Protestantische Ethik
Authors: Gerhardt Volker 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The theses presented here all depart from the assumption that ethics as a philosophical discipline is not contingent upon a theological grounding or justification. What is more: philosophical ethics may not have recourse to religious reasons. But this does not exclude the possibility that philosophically justified ethics may be made richer through reference to the beliefs and faith of those who follow it. Such an ethics elucidated by recourse to faith can strengthen and clarify both personal motives of ethical behavior and its social attractivity. This view is developed in ten theses for a Protestant ethics