bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal versus Microwave Inactivation Kinetics of Lipase and Lipoxygenase from Wheat Germ
Authors: Xu Bin , Wang Li Kun , Miao Wen Juan , Wu Qi Fei , Liu Yan Xia , Sun Yilin , Gao Chao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe inactivation kinetics of enzymes is an important way to reveal the mechanism of enzyme inactivation by microwaves. In this paper, lipase (LA) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were treated by both microwave irradiation and conventional heating. A temperature‐controlled water bath was used for conventional heating, and a microwave monomode reactor with a simultaneous cooling and precise temperature control system was used for microwave irradiation. The results showed that the effects of both microwave irradiation and conventional heating on enzyme inactivation were enhanced as system temperature increased; LOX was more sensitive to heat than LA. Therefore, compared with conventional heating, microwave irradiation shows no significant differences in inactivating LA or LOX in aqueous solution, and the thermal effect of microwave irradiation is the main cause of enzyme inactivation.Practical ApplicationsWheat germ has a short shelf life because of the high activity of endogenous enzymes. Two relevant endogenous enzymes are involved in the degradation of nutrients, lipase (LA) and lipoxygenase (LOX); therefore, the inactivation of LA and LOX is an essential prerequisite for long‐term storage of wheat germ. Microwave irradiation treatment (MIT) has long been applied to the inactivation of enzymes and has several advantages such as having a minimal effect on food product quality and providing rapid and uniform heating. However, the mechanism of enzyme inactivation by microwaves is still controversial. In this study, wheat germ endogenous enzymes were treated by MIT and conventional heat treatment. Based on residual enzyme activities and first‐order rate of inactivation kinetics, the mechanism of microwave inactivation was demonstrated, offering a theoretical basis for the future application of this technique in grain stabilization.
Clinical effectiveness and economic costs of group versus one‐to‐one education for short‐chain fermentable carbohydrate restriction (low FODMAP diet) in the management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Whigham L. , Joyce T. , Harper G. , Irving P. M. , Staudacher H. M. , Whelan K. , Lomer M. C. E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundRestriction of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) is an effective dietary treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Patient dietary education is essential but labour intensive. Group FODMAP education may alleviate this somewhat but has not previously been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of low FODMAP group education in patients with IBS and to explore the cost of a group pathway.MethodsPatients with IBS (n = 364) were assessed for their suitability to attend dietitian‐led group education or traditional one‐to‐one education in a novel group pathway. Clinical effectiveness (global symptom question, symptom prevalence, stool output) were compared at baseline and follow‐up using the chi‐squared test. The costs of the novel group pathway were assessed using a decision model.ResultsThe global symptom question indicated more patients were satisfied with their symptoms following dietary advice, in both group education [baseline 48/263 (18%) versus follow‐up 142/263 (54%), P < 0.001] and one‐to‐one education [baseline 5/101 (5%) versus follow‐up 61/101 (60%), P < 0.001], with no difference between group and one‐to‐one education at follow‐up (P = 0.271). Overall, there was a significant decrease in symptom severity from baseline to follow‐up (P < 0.001 for both groups) but no difference in symptom response between group and one‐to‐one education. The cost for the group education pathway for all 364 patients was £31 713.36.ConclusionsThe present study shows that dietitian‐led FODMAP group education is clinically effective and the costs associated with a FODMAP group pathway are worthy of further consideration for routine clinical care.
Gene expression and physiological responses to salinity and water stress of contrasting durum wheat genotypes
Authors: Yousfi Salima , Márquez Antonio J. , Betti Marco , Araus José Luis , Serret Maria Dolores 
Published: April 2015

AbstractElucidating the relationships between gene expression and the physiological mechanisms remains a bottleneck in breeding for resistance to salinity and drought. This study related the expression of key target genes with the physiological performance of durum wheat under different combinations of salinity and irrigation. The candidate genes assayed included two encoding for the DREB (dehydration responsive element binding) transcription factors TaDREB1A and TaDREB2B, another two for the cytosolic and plastidic glutamine synthetase (TaGS1 and TaGS2), and one for the specific Na+/H+ vacuolar antiporter (TaNHX1). Expression of these genes was related to growth and different trait indicators of nitrogen metabolism (nitrogen content, stable nitrogen isotope composition, and glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase activities), photosynthetic carbon metabolism (stable carbon isotope composition and different gas exchange traits) and ion accumulation. Significant interaction between genotype and growing conditions occurred for growth, nitrogen content, and the expression of most genes. In general terms, higher expression of TaGS1, TaGS2, TaDREB2B, and to a lesser extent of TaNHX1 were associated with a better genotypic performance in growth, nitrogen, and carbon photosynthetic metabolism under salinity and water stress. However, TaDREB1A was increased in expression under stress compared with control conditions, with tolerant genotypes exhibiting lower expression than susceptible ones.
Social cognitive training in adolescents with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: feasibility and preliminary effects of the intervention
Authors: Shashi V. , Harrell W. , Eack S. , Sanders C. , McConkie‐Rosell A. , Keshavan M. S. , Bonner M. J. , Schoch K. , Hooper S. R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundChildren with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) often have deficits in social cognition and social skills that contribute to poor adaptive functioning. These deficits may be of relevance to the later occurrence of serious psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Yet, there are no evidence‐based interventions to improve social cognitive functioning in children with 22q11DS.MethodsUsing a customised social cognitive curriculum, we conducted a pilot small‐group‐based social cognitive training (SCT) programme in 13 adolescents with 22q11DS, relative to a control group of nine age‐ and gender‐matched adolescents with 22q11DS.ResultsWe found the SCT programme to be feasible, with high rates of compliance and satisfaction on the part of the participants and their families. Our preliminary analyses indicated that the intervention group showed significant improvements in an overall social cognitive composite index.ConclusionsSCT in a small‐group format for adolescents with 22q11DS is feasible and results in gains in social cognition. A larger randomised controlled trial would permit assessment of efficacy of this promising novel intervention.
Acceptance of Vulvovaginal Pain in Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia and Their Partners: Associations with Pain, Psychological, and Sexual Adjustment
Authors: Boerner Katelynn E. , Rosen Natalie O. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a common vulvovaginal pain condition associated with negative psychological and sexual consequences for affected women and their sexual partners. Greater pain acceptance has been found to be associated with better functional and psychological outcomes in individuals with chronic pain, and acceptance-based strategies are being increasingly incorporated into treatment protocols. The present study is a novel investigation of pain acceptance in PVD couples.

Aim
The aim was to examine the associations between acceptance of vulvovaginal pain and women's pain during intercourse, as well as the psychological and sexual adjustment of both women with PVD and their partners.

Methods
Sixty-one couples (Mage for women = 27.95 years, SD = 5.87; Mage for men = 30.48 years, SD = 6.70) in which the woman was diagnosed with PVD completed the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, in reference to women's vulvovaginal pain. Women also rated their pain during intercourse, and couples completed measures of anxiety, depression, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction.

Main Outcome Measures
Dependent measures were (i) women's self-reported pain during intercourse on a numerical rating scale; (ii) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory trait subscale; (iii) Beck Depression Inventory-II; (iv) Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning; and (v) Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Scale.

Results
Women's greater pain acceptance was associated with their lower self-reported pain during intercourse, controlling for partner's pain acceptance. Greater pain acceptance among women was associated with their own lower anxiety and depression, greater sexual functioning, as well as their own and their partner's greater sexual satisfaction, controlling for the partner's pain acceptance. Additionally, greater pain acceptance among male partners was associated with their own lower depression.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that psychological interventions for PVD should target increasing couples' vulvovaginal pain acceptance in order to improve women's pain and the sexual and psychological functioning of both members of the couple.
Youth Training Programs and Their Impact on Career and Spell Duration of Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Radoman Mihailo , Voia Marcel C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA unique data set of post‐war English trained soccer players is used to study the impact of the youth training program they attended on their career and spell duration. Duration models in the spirit of Abbring and van den Berg are employed to estimate local treatment effects of different training programs on players — survival in the top European leagues. The results indicate that the duration patterns of players are dependent on the youth academy they attended. Certain clubs, with a well‐established reputation in developing youth talent, outperform others in terms of producing and evaluating the ability of their youth players to succeed in top European leagues. The spell analysis outlines the nature of the competitive environment in which smaller clubs have a chance to keep up with the larger ones in terms of producing and holding on to homegrown talent. Finally, the results of both analyses addressed unobserved heterogeneity, allowed for nonlinearity of covariates using the cubic spline methodology, and were tested for endogeneity bias using a split sample test.
Labour Market Policies in Times of Crisis: A Reaction Function Approach for the Period 1985–2010
Authors: Erhel Christine , Levionnois Charlotte 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article examines the reaction function of labour market expenditure to unemployment in 24 OECD countries, over the period 1985–2010, using the OECD panel data. The level of public debt is also introduced as a factor that is likely to influence these expenditures. Using a fixed‐effect model with interaction terms, this research focuses on two periods of crisis (1992–93 and 2007–09). The results confirm the counter‐cyclical variation of labour market policy expenditures. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of labour market expenditure to the economic cycle has in general decreased and the policy mix has changed. This could result from the important labour market reforms undertaken in the last 20 years.
Adolescents' experiences of using removable functional appliances
Authors: Čirgić E. , Kjellberg H. , Hansen K. , Lepp M. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this qualitative study was to explore and describe adolescents′ experiences of treatment with removable functional appliances.Setting and sample populationPublic Dental Service, Gothenburg, Sweden.Material and methodsIndividual interviews focusing on adolescents' experiences of using a removable functional appliance were held with 21 adolescents (12 girls and nine boys). The mean age of the participants was 13.2 years (range 11–15, SD 1.25) at the interview occasion. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to a qualitative research approach, phenomenography.ResultsOutcomes of data analysis emerged in five categories with totally 12 subcategories that describe the adolescents' various conceptions of the treatment. The adolescent's experiences of using removable functional appliance appeared to have a large variation, comprising of the individual approach, feelings and strategies, the dentist role and receiving external support.ConclusionParticipants developed their own strategies of measurement to see improvement. An active involvement of the adolescents' in the treatment seems to be needed, supported by the dentist at coming appointments, using overjet measurement as a tool for motivation. Furthermore, efforts should be made by clinicians to listen and understand adolescents' needs and requirement before the treatment start.
Congenital syphilis presenting as Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction at birth
Authors: Hori Hideyuki , Sato Yoshitake , Shitara Tosiji 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a rare case of congenital syphilis (CS) presenting as Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction (JHR) at birth. The mother (primigravida) presented in labor and had not received antenatal care. She was given prophylactic ampicillin 2 g i.v. on admission and delivered shortly thereafter. The male infant (2899 g) had normal vital signs, conjunctival congestion, splenohepatomegaly, and maculopapular rash with small blisters over the entire body. Serological tests on the infant and mother confirmed CS. The infant was given i.v. ampicillin for 14 days (50 mg/kg per day until day 3, 100 mg/kg per day thereafter). One hour after the first injection, the infant developed fever (39°C), tachycardia and tachypnea without worsening of rash. Vital signs improved gradually. The rash reduced markedly at postnatal day 1, and disappeared without pigmentation at day 3. This was considered a JHR following ampicillin injection given to the mother before delivery and to the infant after birth.
Radiological improvement by tocilizumab in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Tozawa Yusuke , Fujita Shouji , Abe Shuji , Kitamura Koichi , Kobayashi Ichiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecent advances in biologic therapy have enabled reduction of the progression of destructive arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis. Once destroyed, however, the affected bones and cartilage are not fully repaired. We describe the case of an 8‐year‐old girl with anti‐citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)‐positive polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (p‐JIA). Destructive arthritis progressed during combination therapy with infliximab, methotrexate, mizoribine and prednisolone. Clinical remission was achieved, however, after switching the biologic agent to tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to interleukin‐6 receptor. Both bone erosion and bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging were repaired in association with restoration of joint spaces. Furthermore, there was no relapse of arthritis on weekly methotrexate alone for 2 years after discontinuation of the tocilizumab. Tocilizumab led to radiological repair of both bone and cartilage destruction and long‐term biologics‐free remission in a patient with ACPA‐positive p‐JIA, and should be considered for tumor necrosis factor inhibitor‐resistant cases.
Autoimmune‐type atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome treated with eculizumab as first‐line therapy
Authors: Hisano Masataka , Ashida Akira , Nakano Eiji , Suehiro Mamiko , Yoshida Yoko , Matsumoto Masanori , Miyata Toshiyuki , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Hattori Motoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) in a 4‐year‐old boy. Although the patient had the typical triad of aHUS (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury), urgent dialysis was not indicated because he had neither oliguria nor severe electrolyte abnormality. He was given eculizumab as first‐line therapy, which led to significant clinical improvement, thus avoiding any risk of complications associated with plasma exchange and central venous catheterization. Retrograde functional analysis of the patient's plasma using sheep erythrocytes indicated an increase in hemolysis, suggesting impairment of host cell protection by complement factor H. The use of eculizumab as first‐line therapy in place of plasma exchange might be reasonable for pediatric patients with aHUS.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to Varicella zoster infection in a child with Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Authors: Gur Gokce , Cakar Nilgun , Uncu Nermin , Ayar Ganime , Basaran Ozge , Taktak Aysel , Koksoy Adem Yasin , Acar Banu , Caycı Fatma Semsa 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal, hyper‐inflammatory syndrome that is characterized by untimely activation of macrophages, and manifests as cytopenia, organ dysfunction, and coagulopathy. Secondary HLH can be associated with infection, drugs, malignancy, and transplantation, and is mostly triggered by infection. Herein, we report the case of a patient with Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) who developed severe HLH secondary to Varicella zoster infection.
Rituximab‐combination chemotherapy achieves a 10th cycle of remission for Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Fujino Hisanori , Saida Satoshi , Kato Itaru , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Yamada Tomomi , Hori Toshinori , Adachi Souichi , Heike Toshio , Watanabe Ken‐Ichiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 14‐year‐old girl with multiple intra‐abdominal tumors was diagnosed with stage III Burkitt's lymphoma. She achieved complete remission after multi‐drug chemotherapy, but she relapsed after six courses. Autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) or allogeneic PBSC harvested from an HLA‐identical sibling were insufficient, and her family did not agree to bone marrow collection from the sibling. Although the patient relapsed nine times (the relapses involved intra‐abdominal organs or bone) during the following 4 years 7 months, treatment with rituximab monotherapy or in combination with ifosphamide, carboplastin, and etoposide, or local irradiation (33.8–40.0 Gy) to treat the bone metastases, proved effective, resulting in complete or partial remission. At the time of writing, the patient was in a 10th cycle of remission lasting 1 year 6 months and had not required transplantation. Thus, a chemotherapy regimen including rituximab might be effective for Burkitt's lymphoma in patients experiencing multiple relapse.
Successful diuretics treatment of protein‐losing enteropathy in Noonan syndrome
Authors: Mizuochi Tatsuki , Suda Kenji , Seki Yoshitaka , Yanagi Tadahiro , Yoshimoto Hironaga , Kudo Yoshiyuki , Iemura Motofumi , Tanikawa Ken , Matsuishi Toyojiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere are few reports on successful high‐dose spironolactone treatment of refractory protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) caused by Fontan procedure. We report successful diuretics treatment with spironolactone and furosemide at standard dose, of refractory PLE in a patient with Noonan syndrome and repaired congenital heart disease. This is the first successful application of diuretics treatment in a patient with refractory PLE without Fontan procedure. This case illustrates that diuretics treatment can be the first‐line treatment of PLE regardless of the causative physiology, and can be effective in refractory PLE with Noonan syndrome.
The Power of Powerlessness
Authors: Levi Don S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhilosophers should forget what they think they know about divine assistance, power, control, up‐to‐usness, freedom‐from and free will, when it comes to alcoholism, given what Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) says. Alcoholics will never be free of their alcoholism; although it is up to them to acknowledge their powerlessness over alcohol, often that is not possible until they hit bottom, and even then they might not acquire the power of powerlessness without help from a Higher Power. After explaining and defending these insights of AA, the unwarranted assumptions behind how philosophers (and others) criticise them are identified.
Visual search is postponed during the period of the AB: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Lagroix Hayley E. P. , Grubert Anna , Spalek Thomas M. , Di Lollo Vincent , Eimer Martin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the phenomenon known as the attentional blink (AB), perception of the second of two rapidly sequential targets (T2) is impaired when presented shortly after the first (T1). Studies in which T2 consisted of a pop‐out search array provided evidence suggesting that visual search is postponed during the AB. In the present work, we used behavioral and electrophysiological measures to test this postponement hypothesis. The behavioral measure was reaction time (RT) to T2; the electrophysiological measure was the onset latency of an ERP index of attentional selection, known as the N2pc. Consistent with the postponement hypothesis, both measures were delayed during the AB. The delay in N2pc was substantially shorter than that in RT, pointing to multiple sources of delay in the chain of processing events, as distinct from the single source postulated in current theories of the AB. Finally, the finding that the N2pc was delayed during the AB strongly suggests that attention is involved in the processing of pop‐out search arrays.
The challenges of fractionalized property rights in public‐private hybrid organizations: The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Vining Aidan R. , Weimer David L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPolicy designers seeking to harness profit‐driven efficiency for public purposes are increasingly creating organizations with fractionalized property rights that distribute “ownership” among public and private actors. The resulting hybrids are quite diverse, including mixed enterprises, public‐private partnerships, social entrepreneurship organizations, government‐sponsored enterprises, and various other hybrid forms. Marrying public purposes to private sector efficiency and strategic flexibility provides a tempting rationale for mixing public and private owners in hybrid organizations. Because public‐private hybrids involve fractionalized property rights, however, they exhibit tension among owners over both strategy and, more importantly, goals. To understand public‐private hybrids, we assess them in terms of six dimensions of property rights: fragmentation of ownership, clarity of allocation, cost of alienation, security from trespass, credibility of persistence, and autonomy (of both owners and managers). The unclear allocation of fractionalized ownership rights facilitates the appropriation of financial residuals and asset ownership opportunistically. Other weaknesses in the property rights configurations of public‐private hybrids create managerial dissonance or opportunistic behavior that typically leads to a narrowing of goals, but sometimes also to organizational failure.