bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Properties of Chlorine‐Containing 1,1,2,2‐Tetraaminodisilanes and Their Potential as Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursors for Silicon Nitride Films
Authors: Du Liyong , Chu Wenxiang , Miao Hongyan , Wang Dawei , Xu Chongying , Ding Yuqiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThree chlorine‐containing aminodisilanes of the type Cl(RR′N)2Si–Si(NRR′)2Cl (with R = alkyl and R′ = H or R) as potential chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors for silicon nitride (SiNx) films have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction; 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy; and elemental analysis. They were obtained in high yields by the reactions of hexachlorodisilane (Si2Cl6) with excess liquid amines in diethyl ether through a general single‐step procedure. Their thermal properties including stability, volatility, transport behavior, and vapor pressure were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to confirm that they are suitable for the CVD procedure. The deposition of SiNx films was accomplished with a hot‐wall CVD reactor system, which preliminarily verified the suitability of these compounds as CVD precursors.
Synthetic Studies toward Actinorhodin and γ‐Actinorhodin by using a Homo‐coupling Strategy: Synthesis of Hemiactinorhodin and Hemi‐γ‐actinorhodin
Authors: Mulay Sandip V. , Bhowmik Amit , Fernandes Rodney A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA homo‐coupling strategy toward the synthesis of actinorhodin and γ‐actinorhodin has been explored. The monomeric unit was synthesized by employing an efficient combination of Dötz benzannulation and oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reactions. Attempts towards oxidative homo‐coupling of the pyranonaphthalene monomer intermediate to give dimer were unsuccessful. Later, monomer pyranonaphthalene was carried forward to complete the synthesis of hemiactinorhodin and hemi‐γ‐actinorhodin.
Electrochemical Activity of Wedelolactone and Probing its Interaction with DNA Using Voltammetry at a Carbon Electrode
Authors: Červeň Jiří , Havran Luděk , Pečinka Petr , Fojta Miroslav 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWedelolactone (WLA) is a polyphenolic coumestan derivative found in extracts of plants used in traditional medicine. Due to its cytostatic activity, WLA is one of natural compounds tested as potential anticancer drugs. In this work we for the first time studied electrochemical properties of WLA using cyclic (CV) and square‐wave (SWV) voltammetry at the basal‐plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. A reversible pair of peaks, corresponding to catechol/o‐benzoquinone redox system, was observed using CV around 0.275 V vs. Ag|AgCl|3 M KCl reference electrode. Measurements of SWV signal of WLA in the presence of single‐ or double‐stranded DNA suggested a weak interaction without evident preference for double‐stranded DNA. An indirect assay, employing electroactive DNA intercalator doxorubicin as competitor, confirmed absence of intercalative DNA binding of WLA.
Capillary electrophoretic studies on quantum dots and histidine appended peptides self‐assembly
Authors: Wang Jianhao , Li Jingyan , Chen Yao , Teng Yiwan , Wang Cheli , Li Jinchen , Liu Li , Dong Bingyu , Qiu Lin , Jiang Pengju 
Published: June 2015

Herein, we designed four peptides appended with different numbers of histidine (Hisn‐peptide). We launched a systematic investigation on quantum dots (QDs) and Hisn‐peptide self‐assembly in solution using fluorescence coupled CE (CE‐FL). The results indicated that CE‐FL was a powerful method to probe how ligands interaction on the surface of nanoparticles. The self‐assembly of QDs and peptide was determined by the numbers of histidine. We also observed that longer polyhistidine tags (n ≤ 6) could improve the self‐assembly efficiency. Furthermore, the formation and separation of QD‐peptide assembly were also studied by CE‐FL inside a capillary. The total time for the mixing, self‐assembly, separation, and detection was less than 10 min. Our method greatly expands the application of CE‐FL in QDs‐based biolabeling and bioanalysis.
IL‐27 and TGFβ mediated expansion of Th1 and adaptive regulatory T cells expressing IL‐10 correlates with bacterial burden and disease severity in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Nathella P. , Moideen Kadar , Banurekha Vaithilingam V. , Nair Dina , Sridhar Rathinam , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCD4+ T cell expression of IL‐10 is an important mechanism controlling immunity to tuberculosis (TB). To identify the CD4+ T cell subsets producing IL‐10 in human TB, we enumerated the frequencies of IL‐10 expressing CD4+ T cell subsets following TB—antigen stimulation of cells from individuals with pulmonary (PTB) and latent TB (LTB). We first demonstrate that TB antigens induce an expansion of IL‐10 expressing Th1 (IL‐10+, IFNγ+, T‐bet+), Th2 (IL‐10+, IL‐4+, GATA‐3+), Th9 (IL‐10+, IL‐9+, IL‐4−), Th17 (IL‐10+, IL‐17+, IFNγ−), and natural and adaptive regulatory T cells [nTregs; IL‐10+, CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ and aTregs; IL‐10 single+, CD4+, CD25−, Foxp3−] in PTB and LTB individuals, with frequencies being significantly higher in the former. However, only Th1 cells and adaptive Tregs expressing IL‐10 exhibit a positive relationship with bacterial burdens and extent of disease in PTB. Finally, we show that IL‐27 and TGFβ play an important role in the regulation of IL‐10+ Th cell subsets. Thus, active PTB is characterized by an IL‐27 and TGFβ mediated expansion of IL‐10 expressing CD4+ T cell subsets, with IL‐10+ Th1 and IL‐10+ aTreg cells playing a potentially pivotal role in the pathogenesis of active disease.
Effect of Intrinsic ZnO Sputtering Parameters on the Cell Efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Kkotnim , Son Yu‐Seung , Jeong Jeung‐hyun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe investigated the effect of adding oxygen (O2) gas to argon (Ar) gas and varying the sputter target power during intrinsic ZnO sputtering on the photovoltaic performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Sputtering powers of 50, 100, 150 W were used in conjunction with an O2 fraction of 0 % or 2 % in the sputtering gas. Both increasing the power and adding oxygen improved the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, although the effect of the latter was more pronounced. The results showed that the open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and fill factor were all improved, and the series resistance was reduced. Electroluminescence spectroscopy and electron‐beam‐induced current analysis showed that adding oxygen and increasing the power not only improved the CdS/CIGS junction properties, but also the CIGS bulk properties. The current‐voltage characteristics at low temperature indicated that adding oxygen and increasing the power facilitated local secondary diode formation around the CIGS surface. It was also revealed that the sodium doping concentration was enhanced by oxygen addition and increased power, with this enhancement being larger for the former. The improvements in the CdS/CIGS junction and CIGS bulk properties were therefore tentatively attributed to an enhancement of the Na doping level.
Association of Membrane/Lipid Rafts With the Platelet Cytoskeleton and the Caveolin PY14: Participation in the Adhesion Process
Authors: Cerecedo Doris , Martínez‐Vieyra Ivette , Maldonado‐García Deneb , Hernández‐González Enrique , Winder Steve J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPlatelets are the most prominent elements of blood tissue involved in hemostasis at sites of blood vessel injury. Platelet cytoskeleton is responsible for their shape modifications observed during activation and adhesion to the substratum; therefore the interactions between cytoskeleton and plasma membrane are critical to modulate blood platelet functions. Several cytoskeletal components and binding partners, as well as enzymes that regulate the cytoskeleton, localize to membrane/lipid rafts (MLR) and regulate lateral diffusion of membrane proteins and lipids. Resting, thrombin‐activated, and adherent human platelets were processed for biochemical studies including western‐blot and immunprecipitation assays and confocal analysis were performed to characterize the interaction of MLR with the main cytoskeleton elements and β‐dystroglycan as well as with the association of caveolin‐1 PY14 with focal adhesion proteins. We transfected a megakaryoblast cell line (Meg‐01) to deplete β‐dystroglycan, subsequent to their differentiation to the platelet progenitors. Our data showed a direct interaction of the MLR with cytoskeleton to regulate platelet shape, while an association of caveolin‐1 PY14 with vinculin is needed to establish focal adhesions, which are modulated for β‐dystroglycan. In conclusion, caveolin‐1 PY14 in association with platelet cytoskeleton participate in focal adhesions dynamics. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2528–2540, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion Disrupts Host Cell Cytokinesis to Enhance Its Growth in Multinuclear Cells
Authors: Sun He Song , Sin Alex T.‐W. , Poirier Mathieu B. , Harrison Rene E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTChlamydia trachomatis, the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections, disrupts cytokinesis and causes significant multinucleation in host cells. Here, we demonstrate that multinuclear cells that result from unsuccessful cell division contain significantly higher Golgi content, an important source of lipids for chlamydiae. Using immunofluorescence and fluorescent live cell imaging, we show that C. trachomatis in multinuclear cells indeed intercept Golgi‐derived lipid faster than in mononuclear cells. Moreover, multinuclear cells enhance C. trachomatis inclusion growth and infectious particle formation. Together, these results indicate that C. trachomatis robustly position inclusions to the cell equator to disrupt host cell division in order to acquire host Golgi‐derived lipids more quickly in multinucleated progeny cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 132–143, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Camargo, Köppen and Thornthwaite climate classification systems in defining climatical regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: de Souza Rolim Glauco , de O. Aparecido Lucas E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTClimate classification systems (CCS) are important tools to support a sustainable agriculture providing information about basic and general characteristics of a regional climate. The Köppen CCS (KGT) is considered useful mainly in macroscale and Thornthwaite CCS (TH), with a more complex symbology, in mesoscale for climatic determinations. Camargo (1991) (CAM) proposed a new CCS trying to be as simple as Köppen and robust as TH nevertheless with a simple symbology. In the state of São Paulo, it is known that regions with distinct availability of seasonal and annual rainfall are classified similarly by KGT, bringing erroneous information to the agricultural credit system, sowing times and yield forecasts. A comparison of different CCS raises a better understanding of a regional climate in different spatial scales and of CCS themselves. Aiming to characterize the climate and the performance of the CAM the KGT, CAM and TH were applied in 334 locations in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The most common CAM climates in the state were subtropical humid with dry winter (ST‐UMi) in the Centre and East region of the state, Tropical humid with dry winter (TR‐UMi) and Tropical subhumid with dry winter (TR‐SBi) in the north and west region, respectively. The total numbers of climates were 7, 19 and 26 from KGT, CAM and TH, respectively. The KGT had the ability in separating climates in macroscale, and CAM and TH in mesoscale. There was a tendency of the three CCS in separating warm and dry from cold and wet regions. The TH and CAM had the same performance (number of climates, NOC) in the extremes regions, in the hotter and dry (northern plateau) and the colder (mountainous regions, altitude > 900 m) corresponding to 52% of the state (178 locations). In the other areas TH had the double NOC than CAM.
Quality and PR gene expression of table grapes treated with ozone and sulfur dioxide to control fungal decay
Authors: Duarte‐Sierra Arturo , Aispuro‐Hernández Emmanuel , Vargas‐Arispuro Irasema , Islas‐Osuna María A , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A , Martínez‐Téllez Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDGaseous fumigants are commonly employed to control fungal decay of cold‐stored grapes. So far it is not clear if these fumigants, besides the direct interaction against fungal structures, induce transcriptional responses of defensive markers. In order to contribute to understanding the mechanisms by which these fumigants exert their effect, we studied the influence of ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the decay caused by Botrytis cinerea, and the quality and expression of the defense‐related genes chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) in the table grape cultivars ‘Redglobe’ and ‘Sugraone’.RESULTSThe application of SO2 or O3 delayed decay of both table grape cultivars caused by B. cinerea compared with the inoculated control. O3 treatments altered weight loss, firmness and shatter in both cultivars. Significant upregulation of chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase were observed in SO2‐treated ‘Redglobe’ berries stored at 2 °C. O3 treatment transiently increased the expression of chitinase and PAL in ‘Redglobe’ and ‘Sugraone’ berries, respectively.CONCLUSIONOzone and sulfur dioxide treatments can influence the expression patterns of PAL, chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase to different extents in different grape cultivars and under different exposure conditions. The upregulation of these genes may be involved in the mechanism by which these fumigants inhibit the decay caused by pathogenic fungi. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of the use of anti‐hail nets on codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and organoleptic quality of apple (cv. Braeburn) grown in Alto Adige Region (northern Italy)
Authors: Baiamonte Irene , Raffo Antonio , Nardo Nicoletta , Moneta Elisabetta , Peparaio Marina , D'Aloise Antonio , Kelderer Markus , Casera Claudio , Paoletti Flavio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe anti‐hail nets are widely used to protect apple fruit against hailstorms and hail damage. They can have also beneficial effects against pests in apple orchards, in particular codling moth (Cydia pomonella). However, covering the trees with anti‐hail nets can modify the orchard microclimate and reduce the interception of light, thus potentially causing negative consequences on the organoleptic quality of apple fruits.RESULTSA consistent reduction of the percentage of apple fruits infested by codling moth was registered as a result of the use of anti‐hail nets during two consecutive harvest years. Their use did not affect fruit maturity, but reduced the skin colour, sugar content, pulp total phenol content, volatile compound composition and sensory characteristics. However, the results were inconsistent over the two years apart for total phenols, formation of two volatile compounds (butyl and hexenyl acetate, the first being one of the main odorants in most apple cultivars), sensory attributes of ‘flavour of lemon’ and ‘juiciness’. For these parameters, the fruits from plots where the trees were not covered showed higher values than those from plots where anti‐hail nets were used.CONCLUSIONSThe use of anti‐hail nets was effective in preventing the attack of codling moth to apple fruits, suggesting their use in organic management where conventional insecticides are prohibited. Under the conditions tested, anti‐hail nets showed a negative effect on some of the quality characteristics measured on apple fruits, which could influence consumer acceptability. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Violence and Trophy Taking: A Case Study of Head and Neck Trauma in Two Individuals from the Gant Site (3MS11)
Authors: Thomas J‐L. , Buchanan M. , Wilson C. , Crane A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn collaboration with Carrie V. Wilson, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 (NAGPRA) Director for the Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma, researchers at Indiana University undertook a comprehensive study of NAGPRA collections from the Gant site (3MS11), a pre‐Columbian village site in Mississippi County, Arkansas. Following non‐destructive, macroscopic analysis of skeletal material, evidence of violent trauma was identified in two young adult men from the site. In one individual, the trauma was likely perimortem, and the morphology and distribution of lesions were found to be consistent with trophy taking documented in the ethnohistory and archaeology of the region. In the second individual, the trauma was survived, indicated by lesions attributed to healing on the occipital squama and hyoid. The relationship between the violence identified in this study and other violence in the archaeological and ethnohistoric record of the region is discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Paths of the European Conquest of the Atlantic: Osteological Evidence of Warfare and Violence in Gran Canaria (XV Century)
Authors: Santana‐Cabrera J. , Velasco‐Vázquez J. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez A. , González‐Marrero M. C. , Delgado‐Darias T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEuropean expansion in the Atlantic in the Late Middle Ages often implied the use of violence, involving tactics and weaponry unknown to some of the affected populations. Among the first places to suffer this violence were the Canary Islands, whose conquest lasted the whole of the 15th century. Documentary information about this historical episode is abundant, whereas archaeological evidence testifying to it is very rare. However, an individual from an indigenous funerary context of Gran Canaria (placed in a collective burial cave and wrapped in a shroud made of vegetable fibres) displays a large number of wounds, both on his skull and on the rest of the skeleton, probably caused by swords, suggesting a mortal attack conducted by one or more aggressors. Based on the study of injuries, it is considered a potential explanation of their origin, concluding that most likely this case may be associated with the process of the conquest of the Island. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The New ‘Coimbra Method’: A Biologically Appropriate Method for Recording Specific Features of Fibrocartilaginous Entheseal Changes
Authors: Henderson C. Y. , Mariotti V. , Pany‐Kucera D. , Villotte S. , Wilczak C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a revised version of the Coimbra method for recording fibrocartilaginous entheses. The method itself is the only biologically appropriate recording method for fibrocartilaginous entheses that scores features separately, thereby ensuring that the aetiology of individual features can be studied. The method divides the enthesis into two zones, scoring the relevant features in each zone. These features represent either bone formation or bone destruction and include erosive lesions, fine and macro‐porosity, and cavitations. The revised method includes a new feature, textural change, which is scored as absent or present when it involves 50% or more of the surface. All other features are now scored as zero (absent), one or two with the higher score representing greater expression of the feature. This change in scoring has led to the reduction of inter‐observer error with approximately 80% agreement for overall feature scores for both the common extensor origin and subscapularis insertion. The simplification of the scores and the reduction in inter‐observer error mean that the method is now recommended for widespread use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and characterisation of two general odourant‐binding proteins from the litchi fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley
Authors: Yao Qiong , Xu Shu , Dong Yizhi , Lu Kai , Chen Bingxu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe litchi fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, is one of the most destructive pests of litchi and longan fruits in south‐east Asia and southern China, yet the molecular biology and physiology of this pest remain poorly understood. Control of this insect pest may be achieved by interfering with its recognition of host plants.RESULTSIn this study, two cDNAs encoding CsGOBP1 and CsGOBP2 were identified from the antennae of C. sinensis, and a comparative study on these two C. sinensis GOBPs (CsGOBPs) was conducted. The secondary structure of these two CsGOBPs mainly consists of six α‐helices, but three‐dimensional structural predictions of CsGOBP1 and CsGOBP2 indicated significant difference in the final 3D models. Results in real‐time PCR assays indicated that the two CsGOBPs had different tissue‐ and sex‐dependent expression patterns. A competitive binding assay revealed that CsGOBP1 considerably prefer the component exhibited in Guiwei or Feizixiao litchi cultivar, while CsGOBP2 bind to general volatile components from nine litchi cultivars. Additionally, ethyl acetate has higher binding affinities to CsGOBP2 protein than to CsGOBP1, and has remarkable attraction to female C. sinensis moths in Y‐tube olfactometer assays.CONCLUSIONThese results strongly suggest functional difference between these two CsGOBPs in perception of host plant odourants. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Attenuated Innate Immunity in Embryonic Stem Cells and Its Implications in Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Guo Yan-Lin , Carmichael Gordon G. , Wang Ruoxing , Hong Xiaoxiao , Acharya Dhiraj , Huang Faqing , Bai Fengwei 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Intensive research over the past 2 decades has led to the feasibility of using ESC-differentiated cells (ESC-DCs) in regenerative medicine. However, increasing evidence indicates that ESC-DCs generated by current differentiation methods may not have equivalent cellular functions to their in vivo counterparts. Recent studies have revealed that both human and mouse ESCs as well as some types of ESC-DCs lack or have attenuated innate immune responses to a wide range of infectious agents. These findings raise important concerns for their therapeutic applications since ESC-DCs, when implanted to a wound site of a patient, where they would likely be exposed to pathogens and inflammatory cytokines. Understanding whether an attenuated immune response is beneficial or harmful to the interaction between host and grafted cells becomes an important issue for ESC-based therapy. A substantial amount of recent evidence has demonstrated that the lack of innate antiviral responses is a common feature to ESCs and other types of pluripotent cells. This has led to the hypothesis that mammals may have adapted different antiviral mechanisms at different stages of organismal development. The underdeveloped innate immunity represents a unique and uncharacterized property of ESCs that may have important implications in developmental biology, immunology, and in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2015;33:3165–3173
Bone Marrow Therapies for Chronic Heart Disease
Authors: Behbahan Iman Saramipoor , Keating Armand , Gale Robert Peter 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a leading cause of death. The demand for new therapies and the potential regenerative capacity of bone marrow-derived cells has led to numerous clinical trials. We critically discuss current knowledge of the biology and clinical application of bone marrow cells. It appears unlikely that bone marrow cells can develop into functional cardiomyocyte after infusion but may have favorable paracrine effects. Most, but not all, clinical trials report a modest short- but not long-term benefit of infusing bone marrow-derived cells. Effect size appears to correlate with stringency of study-design: the most stringent trials report the smallest effect-sizes. We conclude there may be short- but not substantial long-term benefit of infusing bone marrow-derived cells into persons with chronic heart failure and any benefit observed is unlikely to result from trans-differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells into functioning cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2015;33:3212–3227