bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of changes in the composition of the Martian atmosphere caused by CO2 condensation from GRS Ar measurements and its application to the rederivation of MGS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Noguchi K. , Ikeda S. , Kuroda T. , Tellmann S. , Pätzold M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe propose a method to estimate seasonal changes in the composition of the Martian atmosphere, which is influenced by CO2 condensation due to the polar nights at southern high latitudes. The method relies on measurements of the Ar concentration obtained by the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) onboard Mars Odyssey. We assume that the Martian atmosphere is composed of CO2, N2, and Ar, and is vertically well mixed. Since N2 and Ar do not condense even during the polar nights, the ratio of N2 and Ar remains constant, and the concentrations of N2 and CO2 can be estimated from Ar measurements. Estimates of the atmospheric composition were utilized for the rederivation of temperature and pressure profiles in the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio occultation measurements (∼70 profiles of ∼20,000 profiles in the whole data set) at southern polar latitudes (90°S–75°S) during the autumn, winter, and spring seasons (Ls = 0°–240°). The rederived profiles indicated that use of the standard global composition overestimated the temperature by at least approximately 5 K at Ls = ∼120° (midwinter), when the largest CO2 depletion occurred and the CO2 volume mixing ratio fell to 78%. The occurrence and degree of CO2 supersaturation were several times higher and larger, respectively, in the rederived temperature profiles than in the original MGS profiles. This suggests that consideration of CO2 depletion during southern polar nights is needed when studying CO2 supersaturation using radio occultation profiles.
Estimating the Implicit Price of Convenience: A Hedonic Analysis of the US Breakfast Sausage Market
Authors: Vickner Steven S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTUsing 52 weeks of syndicated point‐of‐purchase scanner data at the US‐level, a hedonic pricing model was estimated and used to quantify the implicit price of convenience in the retail market for breakfast sausage products. The 45‐cent per pound premium for cooked breakfast sausage was found to be statistically significant while controlling for other important observable product attributes such as package weight, product shape, fat content, sodium content, organic label, Kosher label, meat type, and brand, as well as market conditions such as merchandising, holidays, and seasonality. Additionally, the Turnbull lower‐bound estimate of consumer willingness‐to‐pay for convenience was estimated to be 11 cents per pound. [EconLit citations: D120, M310, Q130] ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influences of liquid electrolyte and polyimide identity on the structure and conductivity of polyimide–poly(ethylene glycol) materials
Authors: Coletta Elyse , Toney Michael F. , Frank Curtis W. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCurrent fuel cell technology demands improvements for widespread use, and novel polymer materials may be able to achieve the necessary enhancements. This work inspects the composition, structure, and properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–aromatic polyimide systems aimed at polymer electrolyte membrane applications, as PEG is a known ion conductor and aromatic polyimides are quite stable. Liquid electrolytes were incorporated into the polymers through soaking to achieve ionic conductivity. By varying polyimide and liquid electrolyte, the polymers were analyzed for their structure and conductivity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry were used as characterization tools. Electrolyte identity impacts liquid uptake and conductivity. Polyimide identity can influence the size and variability of the doped polymer structure, which ultimately can change conductivity by up to 28%, with the maximum conductivity being 102 mS/cm at 80°C and 70% RH. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41675.
Deployment of stent grafts in curved aneurysmal arteries: toward a predictive numerical tool
Authors: Perrin David , Demanget Nicolas , Badel Pierre , Avril Stéphane , Orgéas Laurent , Geindreau Christian , Albertini Jean‐Noël 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe mechanical behavior of aortic stent grafts plays an important role in the success of endovascular surgery for aneurysms. In this study, finite element analysis was carried out to simulate the expansion of five marketed stent graft iliac limbs and to evaluate quantitatively their mechanical performances.The deployment was modeled in a simplified manner according to the following steps: (i) stent graft crimping and insertion in the delivery sheath, (ii) removal of the sheath and stent graft deployment in the aneurysm, and (iii) application of arterial pressure.In the most curved aneurysm and for some devices, a decrease of stent graft cross‐sectional area up to 57% was found at the location of some kinks. Apposition defects onto the arterial wall were also clearly evidenced and quantified. Aneurysm inner curve presented significantly more apposition defects than outer curve.The feasibility of finite element analysis to simulate deployment of marketed stent grafts in curved aneurysm models was demonstrated. The study of the influence of aneurysm tortuosity on stent graft mechanical behavior shows that increasing vessel curvature leads to stent graft kinks and inadequate apposition against the arterial wall. Such simulation approach opens a very promising way toward surgical planning tools able to predict intra and/or post‐operative short‐term stent graft complications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and baseline metabolic factors for incident diabetes and HbA1c at follow‐up: the healthy twin study
Authors: Sung Joohon , Lee Kayoung , Song Yun‐Mi , Lee Mikyeong , Kim Jina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated baseline anthropometric/metabolic traits predicting incident diabetes, genetic/environmental relationships between these traits and HbA1c at follow‐up and the contribution of genetics, covariates and environments to variance in HbA1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes.MethodsNondiabetic twins (n = 869) and their family members (n = 949) were followed over 3.7 ± 1.4 years (44.3 ± 12.8 years of age); baseline anthropometric/metabolic traits were measured. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were measured at follow‐up. Incident diabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥6.5% or fasting plasma glucose ≥7 mmol/L.ResultsAge‐adjusted incident diabetes was 4.9% in men and 4.1% in women. Odd ratio for incident diabetes was 2.34–2.40, 1.25‐1.28, 1.22–1.27 and 1.89 per standard deviation of baseline fasting plasma glucose, white blood cell (WBC), triglycerides and waist circumference, respectively, in multivariate generalized estimating equation models (p < 0.05). Age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted heritability was 0.85 for diabetes and 0.72 for HbA1c. In bivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex and body mass index at baseline, HbA1c at follow‐up showed significant genetic and environmental correlations with baseline glucose (0.44, 0.17), significant genetic correlation with baseline waist circumference (0.16) and triglycerides (0.30) and significant environmental correlation with baseline WBC (0.09). Variance in HbA1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes was explained by genetics (33% and 28%, respectively), covariates (36% and 48%, respectively), shared environments (7% and 0%, respectively) and errors (24% and 24%, respectively).ConclusionsHigh values for baseline fasting plasma glucose, WBC, triglycerides and waist circumference are independent risk factors for incident diabetes. While genetic influences strongly contribute to variance in HbA1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes, these risk factors significantly contribute to the remaining variance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated impacts of irrigation on evapotranspiration in a strongly exploited region: a case study of the Haihe River basin, China
Authors: Lei Huimin , Yang Dawen , Yang Hanbo , Yuan Zaijian , Lv Huafang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIrrigation is the major water supply for crop production in water‐limited regions. However, this important water component is usually neglected or simplified in hydrological modelling primarily because information concerning irrigation is notably difficult to collect. To assess real effects of irrigation on the simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) in water‐limited region, the Community Land Model version 4 was established over a typical semi‐humid agricultural basin in the northern China – the Haihe River basin. In the irrigated cropland, incorporating an irrigation scheme can enhance the simulated ET and improve the simulation of spatial variability of soil moisture content. We found that different configurations in the irrigation scheme do not cause significant differences in the simulated annual ET. However, simulated ET with simulated irrigation differs clearly from that with observed irrigation in mean annual magnitude, long‐term trend and spatial distribution. Once the irrigation scheme is well‐calibrated against observations, it reasonably reproduces the interannual variability of annual irrigation, when irrigation water management is relatively stable. More importantly, parameter calibration should be consistent with the configuration of the source of irrigation water. However, an irrigation scheme with a constant parameter value cannot capture the trend in the annual irrigation amount caused by abrupt changes in agricultural water management. Compared with different remotely sensed ET products, the enhancement in the simulated ET by irrigation is smaller than the differences among these products, and the trend in simulated ET with the observed irrigation cannot be captured correctly by the remotely sensed ET. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 38,000‐year‐old archaeological site at Upper Swan, Western Australia
Authors: Pearce R. H. , Barbetti Mike 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn extensive open‐air site, on an ancient floodplain bordering the Swan River, has been partially uncovered by a clay pit operation. Preliminary excavations of small areas have yielded stone artefacts intimately associated with charcoal and carbonized material, possibly resin. A series of radiocarbon measurements place the site among the earliest yet known from Australia, and indicate that the southwestern corner of the continent was populated by about 40,000 years ago.
Review
Authors: Kennedy Jean 
Published: November 2014

Archaeological Investigations at Nan Madol: Islet Maps and Surface Artifacts. By J. Stephen Athens. Pacific Studies Institute, Agana, Guam. 1980. Pp. xi + 194.The Discovery and Archaeolological Investigation of Nan Madol, Ponape, Eastern Caroline Islands: An Annotated Bibliography. By J. Stephen Athens. Micronesian Archaeological Survey Reports, No. 3. Historic Preservation Office, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Saipan, 1981. Pp. 20.
Review
Authors: Bolton Lissant 
Published: November 2014

Catalogue of Maori Artefacts in the Museums of Canada and the United States. By D. D. Simmons. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Muesum No. 12. 1982. ISSN 0067–0456. Pp. ii + 421. $NZ50.00.Fijian Artefacts. Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Collection. By Rod Ewins. Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, 1982. ISBN 0 7246 1099 5. Pp. vi + 115. $A14.90.
Origins and environmental significance of shell and earth mounds in Northern Australia
Authors: Stone Tim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExamination of northern Australian shell and earth mound data suggests that mounds previously attributed to human agencies should be more properly attributed to generations of nesting scrub‐fowl. A connection between Aboriginal discard behaviour and scrub‐fowl nesting processes is also proposed. Mounds containing artefactual material may represent middens or campsites reworked by scrub‐fowl. Environmental, stratigraphic and ethnographic data tend to support this. Mound distribution may be used to assess local vegetation changes, and this explains the apparent geographic discontinuities of mounds in some areas. Trends in the basal dating of mound sites support Lees and Clements (1987) proposal that regional rainfall increased around 1600 BP. A reassessment of the archaeological significance of northern Australian mound sites is warranted.
Archaeology and geomorphology of the Vanimo Coast, Papua New Guinea: preliminary results
Authors: Gorecki Paul , Mabin Mark , Campbell John 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report here excavations at two near‐coastal rockshelters near Vanimo, West Sepik Province. Preliminary results include late Pleistocene occupation and mid‐Holocene ceramics and pigs, along with a continuing, wide‐ranging but marine‐oriented economy. The archaeological sites are integrated into a tectonic uplift history for the region in which a number of coral terraces have been identified.
The origin of hominid bipedalism re‐examined
Authors: Jablonski Nina G. , Chaplin George 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe evolution of habitual terrestrial bipedalism in the ancestor of the Hominidae can be reconstructed through an examination of historical transformations of shared‐derived morphological‐behavioural complexes related to bipedalism in catarrhines. This reconstruction indicates that terrestrial bipedal displays may be of particular importance in understanding the development of habitual terrestrial bipedalism because they are the most recently acquired morphological‐behavioural characteristic shared by the African great apes and humans. We suggest that in the late Middle and Late Miocene of East Africa, as habitats were becoming more open and desiccated and resources more widely separately, increased competition for resources ensued. We propose that the adoption of bipedal displays were the behaviours essential to the success of pre‐hominids in this environment in that they allowed for the relatively peaceful resolution of, firstly, intragroup and, eventually, intergroup conflicts. It is hypothesized that the widespread use of bipedal displays for social control in pre‐hominids reduced a major source of morbidity and mortality. Bipedal postures, once adopted for social control, probably became common elements of the pre‐hominid postural repertoire. With time, this new pre‐adaptation to upright standing would have facilitated a multifactorial development of fully habitual terrestrial bipedal locomotion.
Bondaian Technology in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales
Authors: Hiscock Peter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractManufacture of bondi points in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, took place in a standardized way, within a production‐line structure. Each stage of the manufacturing activities was undertaken at a different locality, but within any single stage the activities were carried out in a uniform manner. One consequence of this complex system of procurement and reduction is that specific forms of stone artefact are found repeatedly, and have previously been identified as implement types. From a technological perspective these forms (ridge‐straightening flakes, scrapers, and burinates) are not end products, but by‐products from the manufacture of bondi points. This conclusion has implications for evaluations of the nature and diversity of activities represented by archaeological assemblages. An understanding of the complexity of artefact manufacture also highlights inadequacies with previous inferences about technological efficiency and artefact function in prehistoric Australia. Flake elongation is demonstrated to be a poor reflection of technological practices, and regional variation in flake elongation is far more dramatic than chronological variation. Consequently, the Pre‐Bondaian/Bondaian transition cannot be described in terms of the appearance of a blade technology; instead it represents an increase in the regularity and precision of knapping related to raw material conservation.
Prehistory and human ecology in Eastern Polynesia: Excavations at Tangatatau Rockshelter, Mangaia, Cook Islands
Authors: Kirch Patrick V. , Steadman David W. , Butler Virginia L. , Hather Jon , Weisler Marshall I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Tangatatau Rockshelter (site MAN‐44, Mangaia, Cook Islands) has produced one of Eastern Polynesia's most comprehensive chrono‐stratigraphic sequences of artifacts, vertebrate and invertebrate fauna, and botanical materials. Two seasons of excavation exposed 29 m2out of an estimated total floor area of 225 m2. A suite of 30 radiocarbon age determinations indicates that human use of the shelter spanned the period from ca. 1000 to 1700 cal AD. This paper outlines the major temporal trends in the artifact, faunal, and paleoethnobotanical assemblages recovered from the site, and discusses these in terms of the development of classic Mangaian society, an exemplar of Polynesian ‘Open’ chiefdoms.
Decomposition of human bodies and the interpretation of burials in the tropical Pacific
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H.R. , Franke Bernd 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBurial space on many Pacific Islands is limited, and the same burial location is used over and over again. Many interments intercut each other with the more recent burial disturbing the previous one. In order to provide some time line data on the sequence and relationship of the interments beyond simple relative archaeological chronology, it is necessary to understand the rate of decomposition of buried human bodies on small tropical islands.Exhumations on Mejatto Islands, Kwajalein Atoll, provide some insight into the matter. The decay of materials was documented for an interment period between 40 and 80 months. The assessment shows that body tissue in a state of caseic fermentation can survive up to 70 months, especially where it is contained in semi‐closed spaces, such as trouser legs. Ligaments were found to survive well and retain adhesion to the bone up to 60 months in open conditions, and up to 80 months in closed, water‐impermeable caskets. Hair matter was seen to be well preserved up to 80 months, while skin had already decomposed at 40 months.These data are applied to a Tongan case study.
Rethinking Tongan Lapita chronology in Ha'apai
Authors: Burley David V. , Nelson Erle , Shutler Richard 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report two recently received AMS radiocarbon dates from the Polynesian plainware site of Holopeka on Lifuka Island, northern Ha'apai, Tonga. The dates (2800 ± 90 and 2590 ± 60 BP) fall within the long accepted temporal interval for the early eastern Lapita period in Tonga. Possible explanations for these dates are provided with the preferred alternative being the disappearance of decorated ceramics as early as two centuries after first colonization. These dates are commensurate with plainware chronologies elsewhere in western Polynesia.
From Ussher to Slusher, from Archbish to Gish: or, not in a million years…
Authors: Groves Colin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAttempts to construct Biblical‐based chronologies of the earth, life and humanity are reviewed. There are both pre‐evolutionary attempts, such as that by Archbishop Ussher, and modern ones, by the ‘creation science’ movement, led by Dr Gish. The models constructed by the Archbishop and his contemporaries were excusable; the present‐day ones are constructed not in ignorance of modern advances in geology, palaeontology and archaeology but despite them, and involve contrived arguments intended to refute them. Resulting world‐views can be richly comic, but their purpose in overturning accepted ways of gaining knowledge is to control science, the arts and humanities, and so to exert control over politics and human minds. As such they should be taken seriously and strenuously combated by the archaeological profession, rather than ignored as is the usual practice.
Was Rattus exulans in New Zealand 2000 years ago? AMS Radiocarbon ages from Shag River Mouth
Authors: Anderson Atholl 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAMS radiocarbon determinations on the collagen of Rattus exulans bones from natural sites have been interpreted as evidence of human contact with New Zealand more than 2000 years ago. Some AMS determinations on Rattus exulans collagen products in archaeological samples from Shag River Mouth have yielded similar results, but these are very different from the radiocarbon chronology of the site established previously on multiple samples of different materials. Introduction of subfossil bone to the archaeological stratigraphy can be ruled out. This leaves questions about reservoir effects, and the ability of different pretreatment processes to remove sample contaminants of various kinds. The results do not support the argument that Rattus exulans reached New Zealand prior to the known existence of people by about AD 1100.
Intensified chemotherapy without SCT in infant ALL: Results from COG P9407 (Cohort 3)
Authors: Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Hilden Joanne M. , Jones Tamekia L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Winick Naomi J. , Willman Cheryl L. , Harvey Richard C. , Chen I‐Ming , Behm Fred G. , Pullen Jeanette , Wood Brent L. , Carroll Andrew J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Felix Carolyn A. , Robinson Blaine , Reaman Gregory H. , Salzer Wanda L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Carroll William L. , Camitta Bruce M. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundInfants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) present with aggressive disease and a poor prognosis. Early relapse within 6–9 months of diagnosis is common. Approximately 75% of infants have MLL‐rearranged (MLL‐R) ALL with event free survival (EFS) ranging from 20% to 30%. Children's Oncology Group (COG) P9407 used shortened (46 weeks), intensified therapy to address early relapse and poor EFS.ProcedureP9407 therapy was modified three times for induction toxicity resulting in three cohorts of therapy. One hundred forty‐seven infants were enrolled in the third cohort.ResultsWe report an overall 5‐year EFS and OS of 42.3 ± 6% and 52.9 ± 6.5% respectively. Poor prognostic factors included age ≤90 days at diagnosis, MLL‐R ALL and white cell count ≥50,000/μl. For infants ≤90 days of age, the 5‐year EFS was 15.5 ± 10.1% and 48.5 ± 6.7% for those >90 days (P < 0.0001). Among infants >90 days of age, 5‐year EFS rates were 43.8 ± 8% for MLL‐R versus 69.1 ± 13.6% for MLL‐germline ALL (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAge ≤90 days at diagnosis was the most important prognostic factor. Despite shortened therapy with early intensification, EFS remained less than 50% overall in MLL‐R ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:419–426. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.