bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavelength‐Modulated Differential Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (WM‐DPAS) for noninvasive early cancer detection and tissue hypoxia monitoring
Authors: Choi Sung soo (Sean) , Mandelis Andreas , Guo Xinxin , Lashkari Bahman , Kellnberger Stephan , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: May 2015

This study introduces a novel noninvasive differential photoacoustic method, Wavelength Modulated Differential Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (WM‐DPAS), for noninvasive early cancer detection and continuous hypoxia monitoring through ultrasensitive measurements of hemoglobin oxygenation levels (StO2). Unlike conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy, WM‐DPAS measures simultaneously two signals induced from square‐wave modulated laser beams at two different wavelengths where the absorption difference between maximum deoxy‐ and oxy‐hemoglobin is 680 nm, and minimum (zero) 808 nm (the isosbestic point). The two‐wavelength measurement efficiently suppresses background, greatly enhances the signal to noise ratio and thus enables WM‐DPAS to detect very small changes in total hemoglobin concentration (CHb) and oxygenation levels, thereby identifying pre‐malignant tumors before they are anatomically apparent. The non‐invasive nature also makes WM‐DPAS the best candidate for ICU bedside hypoxia monitoring in stroke patients. Sensitivity tunability is another special feature of the technology: WM‐DPAS can be tuned for different applications such as quick cancer screening and accurate StO2 quantification by selecting a pair of parameters, signal amplitude ratio and phase shift. The WM‐DPAS theory has been validated with sheep blood phantom measurements.
Sensitivity comparison between conventional single‐ended signal and differential signal.magnified imageSensitivity comparison between conventional single‐ended signal and differential signal.
Essential Role of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 in the Induction of Macrophage Polarization in PMA‐Treated U937 Cells
Authors: Taniguchi Kosuke , Hikiji Hisako , Okinaga Toshinori , Hashidate‐Yoshida Tomomi , Shindou Hideo , Ariyoshi Wataru , Shimizu Takao , Tominaga Kazuhiro , Nishihara Tatsuji 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTLysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) regulate the diversification of fatty acid composition in biological membranes. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) are members of the LPLATs that play a role in inflammatory responses. M1 macrophages differentiate in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are pro‐inflammatory, whereas M2 macrophages, which differentiate in response to interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), are anti‐inflammatory and involved in homeostasis and wound healing. In the present study, we showed that LPCATs play an important role in M1/M2‐macrophage polarization. LPS changed the shape of PMA‐treated U937 cells from rounded to spindle shaped and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the M1 macrophage markers CXCL10, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β. IL‐4 had no effect on the shape of PMA‐treated U937 cells and upregulated the M2 macrophage markers CD206, IL‐1ra, and TGF‐β in PMA‐treated U937 cells. These results suggest that LPS and IL‐4 promote the differentiation of PMA‐treated U937 cells into M1‐ and M2‐polarized macrophages, respectively. LPS significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, one of four LPCAT isoforms, and suppressed its enzymatic activity toward linoleoyl‐CoA and arachidonoyl‐CoA in PMA‐treated U937 cells. LPCAT3 knockdown induced a spindle‐shaped morphology typical of M1‐polarized macrophages, and increased the secretion of CXCL10 and decreased the levels of CD206 in IL‐4‐activated U937 cells. This indicates that knockdown of LPCAT3 shifts the differentiation of PMA‐treated U937 cells to M1‐polarized macrophages. Our findings suggest that LPCAT3 plays an important role in M1/M2‐macrophage polarization, providing novel potential therapeutic targets for the regulation of immune and inflammatory disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2840–2848, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knee extension torque variability after exercise in ACL reconstructed knees
Authors: Goetschius John , Kuenze Christopher M. , Hart Joseph M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare knee extension torque variability in patients with ACL reconstructed knees before and after exercise. Thirty two patients with an ACL reconstructed knee (ACL‐R group) and 32 healthy controls (control group) completed measures of maximal isometric knee extension torque (90° flexion) at baseline and following a 30‐min exercise protocol (post‐exercise). Exercise included 30‐min of repeated cycles of inclined treadmill walking and hopping tasks. Dependent variables were the coefficient of variation (CV) and raw‐change in CV (ΔCV): CV = (torque standard deviation/torque mean x 100), ΔCV = (post‐exercise – baseline). There was a group‐by‐time interaction (p = 0.03) on CV. The ACL‐R group demonstrated greater CV than the control group at baseline (ACL‐R = 1.07 ± 0.55, control = 0.79 ± 0.42, p = 0.03) and post‐exercise (ACL‐R = 1.60 ± 0.91, control = 0.94 ± 0.41, p = 0.001). ΔCV was greater (p = 0.03) in the ACL‐R group (0.52 ± 0.82) than control group (0.15 ± 0.46). CV significantly increased from baseline to post‐exercise (p = 0.001) in the ACL‐R group, while the control group did not (p = 0.06). The ACL‐R group demonstrated greater knee extension torque variability than the control group. Exercise increased torque variability more in the ACL‐R group than control group. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1165–1170, 2015.
Detection of undeclared animal by‐products in commercial canine canned foods: Comparative analyses by ELISA and PCR‐RFLP coupled with slab gel electrophoresis or capillary gel electrophoresis
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Kun , Shih Pei‐Yin , Wei Chia‐Fong , Vickroy Thomas W , Chou Chi‐Chung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potential presence of undeclared animal by‐products in pet foods is not subject to routine examination. Previously published methods for species‐based identification of animal by‐products have not been used routinely owing to inconsistent results. The present study evaluated the utility of several approaches for accurate identification of animal by‐products in 11 commercial brands of canine canned foods.RESULTSCanine canned foods from several countries were analysed by ELISA, PCR‐RFLP coupled with slab‐gel electrophoresis (SGE) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) to test for evidence of by‐products derived from cattle, chicken, sheep or pig. While CGE‐based analysis detected all (24) animal‐derived by‐products that were reported for the 11 test samples, SGE and ELISA detected only 22/24 (92%) and 14/24 (58%) of labelled by‐products, respectively. In addition, undeclared animal by‐products were found using all three analytical approaches with CGE detecting more positives (19) than SGE (17) or ELISA (5).CONCLUSIONSignificant disparities were evident between the labelled contents and the detected content of animal by‐products. CGE‐based testing for PCR products appears to provide greater sensitivity and accuracy than either SGE or ELISA‐based methods. As testing of commercial products becomes more reliable and mainstream, manufacturers will need to develop more thorough and accurate labelling protocols. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term outcomes of powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in acute dacryocystitis
Authors: Chisty Naja , Singh Manpreet , Ali Mohammad Javed , Naik Milind N. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisEndoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is rapidly gaining recognition as a primary modality of management in acute dacryocystitis and lacrimal abscess. The purpose of the present study is to report long‐term outcomes of powered endoscopic DCR in cases of acute dacryocystitis.Study DesignProspective interventional case series.MethodsTwenty‐one powered endoscopic DCRs were performed in 21 patients presenting with acute dacryocystitis. All cases were operated by a single surgeon (m.j.a.) using earlier published techniques. All lacrimal systems were intubated for 6 weeks. A minimum follow‐up of 1 year after stent removal was considered for final analysis. Main outcome measures were the anatomical and functional success of the surgical procedure.ResultsThe mean age of patients at presentation was 31.8 years. A total of 14.3% (3/21) were pediatric patients with known history of persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO), and 9.5% (2/21) had a history of external DCR in the past. All patients received postoperative antibiotics. Additional procedures included distal canalicular trephination, septoplasty, and middle turbinoplasty in one patient each. All cases showed resolution of pain and swelling at 1 week follow‐up. At the mean follow‐up of 15.4 months, anatomical success was achieved in 85.7% of the patients (18/21), and functional success was achieved in 80.9% (17/21).ConclusionPowered endoscopic DCR is a useful modality in the management acute dacryocystitis, with good outcomes that are maintained over a long duration of time.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:551–553, 2016
Prospective evaluation of ambulatory laser vaporization of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Berquet Gaetan , Corbel Luc , Della Negra Emmanuel , Huet Romain , Trifard François , Codet Yann , Boulière Fabien , Verhoest Grégory , Vincendeau Sébastien , Bensalah Karim , Mathieu Romain 
Published: May 2015

Background and objectivePhotoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate in the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Our objective was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ambulatory photoselective vaporization of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively collected data of all consecutive patients who underwent ambulatory PVP with the Greenlight® laser 180‐W XPS at two centers between May 2012 and June 2013. Patients' characteristics, perioperative data, postoperative outcomes, complications, and patient's satisfaction were evaluated. Successful ambulatory care procedure was defined as the ability to leave the hospital in the evening of the operation.ResultsThe ambulatory procedure was intended in 134 patients. Mean age was 67 years. Mean prostate volume was 54 ml, and Median American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 2. Ambulatory procedure was successful in 121 patients (90%). At 3 months, International Prostate Symptom Score (7.3 ± 4.9), maximal urinary flow rate (20.8 ± 7.6 ml/s), postvoid residual urine (19.2 ± 71 ml), and quality of life (1.6 ± 1.4) were significantly improved (P < 0.001). Fourteen patients (10.5%) had complications that were all minor (Clavien ≤ 2). Two patients had to be readmitted to the hospital. The majority of patients (89%) were satisfied with ambulatory care. Failure to complete ambulatory procedure was mostly related to logistical problem (70% of the cases).ConclusionsAmbulatory PVP is feasible with functional results and complications comparable to that of traditional hospitalization. Ambulatory care yields high patient's satisfaction. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:396–402, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and Characterization of Organic‐Inorganic Composite Materials Based on Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels and Clay Minerals
Authors: Ibraeva Zhanar E. , Zhumaly Assiya A. , Blagih Evgeniy , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt E. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryOrganic‐inorganic hybrid composite materials consisting of poly(acrylamide) hydrogel (PAAH) and clay minerals such as bentonite, montmorillonite, and kaolin as well as silica and titanium dioxides were obtained by “in situ” synthetic protocol and characterized by swelling measurements, FTIR, SEM, XRD and DSC. Concentration of clay minerals embedded within PAAH is varied from 2.5 to 30 wt.%. The swelling degree of composite hydrogels Ks and the constants k and n that characterize the mode of the penetrant (e.g. water) transport mechanism were determined. It was found that the swelling degree of PAAH/Clay minerals is in the range of 7‐15 g/g and changes in the following order: PAAH/Bentonite>PAAH/TiO2>PAAH/SiO2>PAAH/Kaolin≈ PAAH/Montmorillonite. The influence of pH, temperature, ionic strength, water‐organic solvent mixture, as well as the content of clay minerals and crosslinking agent on swelling‐deswelling behaviour of composite hydrogel materials was evaluated. For some PAAH/Clay minerals system the enthalpy of mixing ΔHm was calculated. The positive values of the ΔHm indicate that the swelling of composite hydrogel materials in water has the endothermic character. It was demonstrated that PAAH‐clay mineral composites can potentially be used as “pigs” for the cleaning of the internal surface of main pipes from debris, sand and asphaltene‐resin‐wax deposits.
Accelerated motion corrected three‐dimensional abdominal MRI using total variation regularized SENSE reconstruction
Authors: Cruz Gastao , Atkinson David , Buerger Christian , Schaeffter Tobias , Prieto Claudia 
Published: May 2015

PurposeDevelop a nonrigid motion corrected reconstruction for highly accelerated free‐breathing three‐dimensional (3D) abdominal images without external sensors or additional scans.MethodsThe proposed method accelerates the acquisition by undersampling and performs motion correction directly in the reconstruction using a general matrix description of the acquisition. Data are acquired using a self‐gated 3D golden radial phase encoding trajectory, enabling a two stage reconstruction to estimate and then correct motion of the same data. In the first stage total variation regularized iterative SENSE is used to reconstruct highly undersampled respiratory resolved images. A nonrigid registration of these images is performed to estimate the complex motion in the abdomen. In the second stage, the estimated motion fields are incorporated in a general matrix reconstruction, which uses total variation regularization and incorporates k‐space data from multiple respiratory positions. The proposed approach was tested on nine healthy volunteers and compared against a standard gated reconstruction using measures of liver sharpness, gradient entropy, visual assessment of image sharpness and overall image quality by two experts.ResultsThe proposed method achieves similar quality to the gated reconstruction with nonsignificant differences for liver sharpness (1.18 and 1.00, respectively), gradient entropy (1.00 and 1.00), visual score of image sharpness (2.22 and 2.44), and visual rank of image quality (3.33 and 3.39). An average reduction of the acquisition time from 102 s to 39 s could be achieved with the proposed method.ConclusionIn vivo results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method showing similar image quality to the standard gated reconstruction while using data corresponding to a significantly reduced acquisition time. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Magn Reson Med 75:1484–1498, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
Control methods against invasive Aedes mosquitoes in Europe: a review
Authors: Baldacchino Frédéric , Caputo Beniamino , Chandre Fabrice , Drago Andrea , della Torre Alessandra , Montarsi Fabrizio , Rizzoli Annapaola 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFive species of invasive Aedes mosquitoes have recently become established in Europe: Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. japonicus japonicus, Ae. koreicus and Ae. atropalpus. These mosquitoes are a serious nuisance for people and are also competent vectors for several exotic pathogens such as dengue and chikungunya viruses. As they are a growing public health concern, methods to control these mosquitoes need to be implemented to reduce their biting and their potential for disease transmission. There is a crucial need to evaluate methods as part of an integrated invasive mosquito species control strategy in different European countries, taking into account local Aedes infestations and European regulations. This review presents the control methods available or in development against invasive Aedes mosquitoes, with a particular focus on those that can be implemented in Europe. These control methods are divided into five categories: environmental (source reduction), mechanical (trapping), biological (e.g. copepods, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, Wolbachia), chemical (insect growth regulators, pyrethroids) and genetic (sterile insect technique and genetically modified mosquitoes). We discuss the effectiveness, ecological impact, sustainability and stage of development of each control method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A review and perspective of efficient hydrogen generation via solar thermal water splitting
Authors: Muhich Christopher L. , Ehrhart Brian D. , Al‐Shankiti Ibraheam , Ward Barbara J. , Musgrave Charles B. , Weimer Alan W. 
Published: May 2015

Solar thermal water splitting (STWS) produces renewable hydrogen from water using concentrated sunlight. Because it utilizes energy from the entire solar spectrum to directly drive the redox reactions that split water, it can achieve high theoretical solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiencies. In two‐step STWS, a metal oxide is first heated by concentrated sunlight to high temperatures to reduce it and produce O2. In the second step, the reduced material is exposed to H2O to reoxidize it to its original oxidation state and produce H2. Various aspects of this process are reviewed in this work, including the reduction and oxidation chemistries of the active redox materials, the effects of operating conditions, and the solar thermal reactors in which the STWS reactions occur, and a perspective is given on the future optimization of STWS. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:261–287. doi: 10.1002/wene.174This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Science and Materials
Energy and Climate > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Categorical foundations for structured specifications in Z
Authors: Castro Pablo F. , Aguirre Nazareno , Pombo Carlos L. , Maibaum T. S. E. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

In this paper we present a formalization of the

Z

notation and its structuring mechanisms. One of the main features of our formal framework, based on category theory and the theory of institutions, is that it enables us to provide an abstract view of

Z

and its related concepts. We show that the main structuring mechanisms of

Z

are captured smoothly by categorical constructions. In particular, we provide a straightforward and clear semantics for promotion, a powerful structuring technique that is often not presented as part of the schema calculus. Here we show that promotion is already an operation over schemas (and more generally over specifications), that allows one to promote schemas that operate on a local notion of state to operate on a subsuming global state, and in particular can be used to conveniently define large specifications from collections of simpler ones. Moreover, our proposed formalization facilitates the combination of

Z

with other notations in order to produce heterogeneous specifications, i.e., specifications that are obtained by using various different mathematical formalisms. Thus, our abstract and precise formulation of

Z

is useful for relating this notation with other formal languages used by the formal methods community. We illustrate this by means of a known combination of formal languages, namely the combination of

Z

with

CSP

.
The Effect of Operative Technique on Ulnar Nerve Strain following Surgery for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Mitchell Justin , Dunn John C. , Kusnezov Nicholas , Bader Julia , Ipsen Derek F. , Forthman Christopher L. , Dykstra Aaron 
Published: May 2015

Background The aim of this study is to compare the amount of strain on the ulnar nerve based on elbow position after in situ release, subcutaneous transposition, submuscular transposition, and medial epicondylectomy. Methods Six matched cadaver upper extremity pairs underwent ulnar nerve decompression, transposition in a sequential fashion, while five elbows underwent medial epicondylectomy. A differential variable reluctance transducer (DVRT) was placed in the ulnar nerve. An in situ release, a subcutaneous transposition, and a submuscular transposition were performed sequentially with the strain being measured after each procedure in neutral, full elbow flexion, and extension positions. The strain was then averaged and compared for each procedure. Five cadavers underwent medial epicondylectomy and were similarly tested. Results After the in situ release, there was no statistically significant change in strain in either flexion or extension. After a subcutaneous transposition, there was a statistically significant decrease in strain in full elbow flexion but not in extension. Similarly after a submuscular transposition, there was a statistically significant decrease in strain in full flexion but not in extension. There was not a statistically significant change in strain with medial epicondylectomy. Conclusion An in situ release of the ulnar nerve at the elbow may relieve pressure on the nerve but does not address the problem of strain which may be the underlying pathology in many cases of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). Transposition of the ulnar nerve anterior to the medial epicondyle addresses the problem of strain on the ulnar nerve. In addition, it does not create an increased strain on the ulnar nerve with elbow extension.
New Sources for Comparative Social Science: Historical Population Panel Data From East Asia
Authors: Dong Hao , Campbell Cameron , Kurosu Satomi , Yang Wenshan , Lee James Z. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractComparison and comparability lie at the heart of any comparative social science. Still, precise comparison is virtually impossible without using similar methods and similar data. In recent decades, social demographers, historians, and economic historians have compiled and made available a large number of micro-level data sets of historical populations for North America and Europe. Studies using these data have already made important contributions to many academic disciplines. In a similar spirit, we introduce five new micro-level historical panel data sets from East Asia, including the China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset–Liaoning (CMGPD-LN) 1749–1909, the China Multi-Generational Panel Dataset–Shuangcheng (CMGPD-SC) 1866–1913, the Japanese Ninbetsu-Aratame-Cho Population Register Database–Shimomoriya and Niita (NAC-SN) 1716–1870, the Korea Multi-Generational Panel Dataset–Tansung (KMGPD-TS) 1678–1888, and the Colonial Taiwan Household Registration Database (CTHRD) 1906–1945. These data sets in total contain more than 3.7 million linked observations of 610,000 individuals and are the first such Asian data to be made available online or by application. We discuss the key features and historical institutions that originally collected these data; the subsequent processes by which the data were reconstructed into individual-level panels; their particular data limitations and strengths; and their potential for comparative social scientific research.