bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The West Andaman Fault: A complex strain‐partitioning boundary at the seaward edge of the Aceh Basin, offshore Sumatra
Authors: Martin Kylara M. , Gulick Sean P. S. , Austin James A. , Berglar Kai , Franke Dieter , Udrekh  
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlong the Sumatran subduction zone, oblique strain is partitioned between the Sunda megathrust and the strike‐slip Sumatran Fault located near the volcanic arc. Additional strike‐slip motion may localize adjacent to the forearc basin system, forming the Mentawai and West Andaman Fault Zones. An alternative interpretation of the West Andaman Fault, as primarily a backthrust, has also been proposed. We combine a 2‐D multichannel seismic survey (SUMUT) acquired aboard the R/V Sonne in 2008 with previous bathymetry and seismic surveys to characterize the West Andaman Fault adjacent to the Aceh forearc Basin. Two‐dimensional Kirchoff prestack time migration of SUMUT profiles provides the clearest images to date of this portion of the West Andaman Fault. In these images we interpret inward dipping fault segments along the West Andaman Fault indicative of a transpressional flower structure. A reflector at the base of the Aceh Basin sediments (believed to be base Neogene in age) continues trenchward of the fault zone for >15 km and has geometry inconsistent with the geometry expected if a major backthrust were to daylight at the edge of the basin. Therefore, we conclude that the West Andaman Fault is predominantly strike‐slip in nature. As such, the West Andaman is likely part of a system of faults including the Sumatran Fault that accommodate the significant shear component of strain in this oblique subduction zone. Additionally, the location of the West Andaman Fault within the forearc may be controlled by the rheologic contrast between the marginal plateau and the forearc basin.
Amazonian societies on the brink of extinction
Authors: Walker Robert S. , Hamilton Marcus J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives: Greater Amazonia harbors as many as 100 locations of isolated indigenous peoples. Few options are available to assess the demographic health of these populations given their limited contact with the outside world. Remote sensing offers one option.Methods: An isolated village in Brazil near the Peruvian border is visible with Google Earth imagery from 2006. The area of the fields and village, as well as the living area of the four longhouses, are measured and compared to population‐by‐area measurements for 71 other Brazilian indigenous communities.Results: The estimated population of the village is no more than 40 people. A village as small as this one, if it has become disconnected from a metapopulation, risks imminent extinction if it has fallen below a minimum viable population size.Conclusions: An active remote surveillance program is urgently needed to track the movements and demographic health of isolated peoples in hopes of improving their dire chances for long‐term survival. They need protected areas that are large enough to mitigate against external threats. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:570–572, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible isomerization and cure monitoring of epoxy azobenzene resins
Authors: Moniruzzaman Mohammed , Christogianni Paraskevi , Kister Guillaume 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe photoresponsive behavior of the glycidyloxyazobenzene (GOAB) monomer, synthesized using an improved method, is examined by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The monomer is cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA), forming a new epoxy resin. Proton NMR spectroscopy is used to monitor the completion of the curing reactions. Kinetics for reversible trans and cis isomerization in the cured system and also in the epoxy monomer are identified by UV/Vis spectroscopy during in situ irradiation with appropriate wavelengths (290–320 nm for UV and 400–500 nm for visible). The rates of recovery of the monomer from cis to trans forms are also obtained by heating and storing in the dark. Furthermore, the reactivity of the monofunctional GOAB monomer with a common amine, DETA, as a curing agent, is investigated using isothermal and dynamic heating scans in a DSC pan and by simultaneously monitoring the near‐FTIR spectra. The modified epoxy azobenzene proved to be reactive enough with DETA to form a network that can sustain temperatures of up to 200°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40770.
Tailoring the molecular and thermo–mechanical properties of kraft lignin by ultrafiltration
Authors: Sevastyanova Olena , Helander Mikaela , Chowdhury Sudip , Lange Heiko , Wedin Helena , Zhang Liming , Ek Monica , Kadla John F. , Crestini Claudia , Lindström Mikael E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis study has shown that ultrafiltration allows the selective extraction from industrial black liquors of lignin fraction with specific thermo‐mechanical properties, which can be matched to the intended end uses. Ultrafiltration resulted in the efficient fractionation of kraft lignin according to its molecular weight, with an accumulation of sulfur‐containing compounds in the low‐molecular weight fractions. The obtained lignin samples had a varying quantities of functional groups, which correlated with their molecular weight with decreased molecular size, the lignin fractions had a higher amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups and fewer aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Depending on the molecular weight, glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) between 70 and 170°C were obtained for lignin samples isolated from the same batch of black liquor, a tendency confirmed by two independent methods, DSC, and dynamic rheology (DMA). The Fox–Flory equation adequately described the relationship between the number average molecular masses (Mn) and Tg's‐irrespective of the method applied. DMA showed that low‐molecular‐weight lignin exhibits a good flow behavior as well as high‐temperature crosslinking capability. Unfractionated and high molecular weight lignin (Mw >5 kDa), on the other hand, do not soften sufficiently and may require additional modifications for use in thermal processings where melt‐flow is required as the first step. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40799.
Optimal adaptive replacement in a renewal process
Authors: Robinson Neville , Aboura Khalid 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper we present an exact method for computing the Weibull renewal function and its derivative for application in maintenance optimization. The computational method provides a solid extension to previous work by which an approximation to the renewal function was used in a Bayesian approach to determine optimal replacement times. In the maintenance scenario, under the assumption an item is replaced by a new one upon failure, the underlying process between planned replacement times is a renewal process. The Bayesian approach takes into account failure and survival information at each planned replacement stage to update the optimal time until the next planned replacement. To provide a simple approach to carry out in practice, we limit the decision process to a one‐step optimization problem in the sequential decision problem. We make the Weibull assumption for the lifetime distribution of an item and calculate accurately the renewal function and its derivative. A method for finding zeros of a function is adapted to the maintenance optimization problem, making use of the availability of the derivative of the renewal function. Furthermore, we develop the maximum likelihood estimate version of the Bayesian approach and illustrate it with simulated examples. The maintenance algorithm retains the adaptive concept of the Bayesian methodology but reduces the computational need. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of 2,3‐butanediol production by Enterobacter cloacae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corncob residue
Authors: Zhang Cui‐Ying , Peng Xiao‐Pei , Li Wei , Guo Xue‐Wu , Xiao Dong‐Guang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCorncob residue, a waste in xylose or xylitol production, was utilized to produce 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BD) via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). This study developed the optimal conditions for production of 2,3‐BD by using a heat‐resistant strain, Enterobacter cloacae UV4, to perform SSF of the corncob residue. Urea, lactic acid, sodium citrate, and MgSO4, selected by the Plackett–Burman experiment, were determined to be significant independent variables to conduct the response surface experiment. With the optimized medium, a total production of 28.923 g/L for 2,3‐BD and acetoin (BA) was obtained at 60 H. Furthermore, 43.162 g/L of BA production and 0.553 g/L/H of productivity were obtained by fed‐batch SSF, which was 0.424 g diol/g consumed corncob residue. The results suggest that the waste corncob residue could be used as an available substrate for the production of 2,3‐BD by E. cloacae UV4, as well as a potential resource to improve the economics of microbial compound production.
N‐Acyl amino acids and their impact on biological processes
Authors: Hanuš Lumír , Shohami Esther , Bab Itai , Mechoulam Raphael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOver the last two decades a large number of N‐long‐chain acyl amino acids have been identified in the mammalian body. The pharmacological activities of only a few of them have been investigated and some have been found to be of considerable interest. Thus arachidonoyl serine is vasodilatory and neuroprotective, arachidonoyl glycine is antinociceptive, and oleoyl serine rescues bone loss. However, the pathophysiological/biochemical roles of these amides are mostly unknown. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(4):381–388, 2014
Endocannabinoid signaling and its regulation by nutrients
Authors: Bisogno Tiziana , Maccarrone Mauro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDiet plays a central role in maintaining health throughout life and a controlled food intake is associated to a reduced risk of certain diseases. A proper diet should include vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that have to be optimally balanced in order to exert their physiological functions. The endogenous ligands of type‐1 and type‐2 cannabinoid receptors, N‐arachidonoyl‐ethanolamine and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol, are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives whose levels are regulated by the activity of metabolic enzymes, as well as by AA availability. Since the only sources of AA in mammals are diet and the enzymatic production in the liver from shorter‐chain essential fatty acids like linoleic acid, it is realistic to hypothesize that endocannabinoid levels might be modulated by fatty acid composition of food. Therefore, in this review we summarize literature data indicating that endocannabinoid levels, and hence their activity at cannabinoid receptors, might be modulated by food composition. We focused our attention on dietary fatty acid content, and on type and esterified form of fatty acids in the different diets. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(4):373–380, 2014
New Visible‐Light Pt/PbS Nanoparticle Photocatalysts for the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Thiophene
Authors: Mohamed Reda M. , Aazam Elham S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPbS nanoparticles were prepared using a hydrothermal route, and Pt was deposited onto the PbS nanoparticles via a photo‐assisted deposition route. The photocatalytic performances of the PbS and Pt/PbS samples were examined for the photocatalytic oxidation of thiophene under visible light. Deposition of Pt onto the surface of PbS led to a shift in the absorption of PbS to a higher wavelength (red shift). The 0.15 wt% Pt/PbS nanoparticles had the highest photocatalytic efficiency % (100%) for the degradation of thiophene under visible light after 40 min of reaction time. The 0.15 wt% Pt/PbS nanoparticles can be used six times for the degradation of thiophene without a loss of photocatalytic activity.
Characterization of the octopaminergic and tyraminergic neurons in the central brain of Drosophila larvae
Authors: Selcho Mareike , Pauls Dennis , Huser Annina , Stocker Reinhard F. , Thum Andreas S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDrosophila larvae are able to evaluate sensory information based on prior experience, similarly to adult flies, other insect species, and vertebrates. Larvae and adult flies can be taught to associate odor stimuli with sugar reward, and prior work has implicated both the octopaminergic and the dopaminergic modulatory systems in reinforcement signaling. Here we use genetics to analyze the anatomy, up to the single‐cell level, of the octopaminergic/tyraminergic system in the larval brain and subesophageal ganglion. Genetic ablation of subsets of these neurons allowed us to determine their necessity for appetitive olfactory learning. These experiments reveal that a small subset of about 39 largely morphologically distinguishable octopaminergic/tyraminergic neurons is involved in signaling reward in the Drosophila larval brain. In addition to prior work on larval locomotion, these data functionally separate the octopaminergic/tyraminergic system into two sets of about 40 neurons. Those situated in the thoracic/abdominal ganglion are involved in larval locomotion, whereas the others in the subesophageal ganglion and brain hemispheres mediate reward signaling. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3485–3500, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new method for estimating subject‐specific muscle–tendon parameters of the knee joint actuators: a simulation study
Authors: Van Campen Anke , Pipeleers Goele , De Groote Friedl , Jonkers Ilse , De Schutter Joris 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA new method for the estimation of subject‐specific muscle–tendon parameters of the knee actuators based on dynamometry experiments is presented. The algorithm aims at estimating the tendon slack length and the optimal muscle fiber length by minimizing the difference between experimentally reproduced and model‐based joint moments. The key innovative features are as follows: (i) the inclusion of a priori physiological knowledge to define a physiologically feasible set, the hot start for the optimization, and constraints for the optimization and (ii) the introduction of a new (affine) transformation of the muscle–tendon parameters, which greatly improves the numerical condition of the optimization.The influence of the initial guess and of measurement noise was studied in a simulation environment, and the performance was compared with that of the method presented earlier by Garner and Pandy for the upper limb. The tendon slack length was estimated for 97.5/63% (extensors/flexors) of all initial guesses within 2% of the ground truth. The optimal fiber length was estimated for 89/90% (extensors/flexors) of all initial guesses within 2% of the ground truth. When 10 Nm measurement noise was added, the mean value of the estimated tendon slack length deviated at most 1.9/1.6% (extensors/flexors) from the ground truth whereas the standard deviations were at most 5.1/3.9%. The mean value of the estimated optimal fiber length deviated at most 4.3/3.0% (extensors/flexors) from the ground truth whereas the standard deviations were at most 10.2/15.5%. In comparison, mean values resulting from the method of Garner and Pandy deviated up to 181% ( ± 123%) and 119% ( ± 30%) from the ground truth for, respectively, optimal fiber length and tendon slack length of rectus femoris.We concluded that the presented method had a low dependency on the initial guess and outperformed the method of Garner and Pandy in terms of accuracy by at least one order of magnitude when parameters were estimated from noisy data. The improvements open new perspectives for subject‐specific modelling of muscles and tendons, which is beneficial for the accuracy of human motion simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional CFD/MRI modeling reveals that ventricular surgical restoration improves ventricular function by modifying intraventricular blood flow
Authors: Khalafvand S. S. , Zhong L. , Ng E. Y. K. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYSurgical ventricular restoration (SVR) is designed to normalize distorted ventricular shape and size in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and akinetic and dyskinetic segments. This study is aimed to quantify the characteristics of LV as a pump for a case before and after SVR, which is followed by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We hypothesize that SVR+CABG improves heart flow. A patient with heart failure had magnetic resonance (MR) scans before and 4 months after SVR. LV endocardial geometries were semi‐automated segmented and reconstructed using our customized algorithm. The arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation of Navier–Stokes equations was solved to derive the flow patterns and calculate pressure differences in LV. After SVR, LV ejection fraction increased from 34% to 48% in patient but was still lower than normal (70%). Second, LV vortices were stronger than pre‐surgery but still weaker than normal. The maximum pressure differences between ventricular base and apex increased from 180 to 400 Pa during diastole, from 252 to 560 Pa during systole, respectively. As anticipated, SVR reduced LV volumes and augmented LV ejection fraction. Three‐dimensional CFD/MRI modeling suggests that improved diastolic and systolic ventricular function after SVR is associated with changes in intraventricular blood flow. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color naming for the Persian language
Authors: Kandi S. Gorji , Tehran M. Amani , Hassani N. , Jarrahi A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAccording to Berlin and Kay, there is a set of 11 universal basic color terms: White, Black, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue, Brown, Purple, Pink, Orange, and Gray. To approve this, a world survey (WCS) was begun to gather data on color categorization through the world, although, despite many languages, Persian language has not been studied so far. We report a study of color naming in Iran. A study was carried out in six major cities including: Tehran, Isfahan, Mashhad, Yazd, Rasht, and Shiraz to investigate the color naming for Persian language and also the effect of local culture. The main purpose of this study was to describe the basic color terms of Persian language and to verify Berlin and Kay's theory. In total, 200 subjects were studied from all the six cities. Our results showed that there were the same basic color terms (as Berlin and Kay's theory) in Persian language overall including:“ (White) ”,“ (Black) ”, “ (Red) ”, “ (Green) ”, “ (Yellow) ”, “ (Blue) ”, “ (Brown) ”, “ (Purple) ”, “ (Pink) ”, “ (Orange), ” and “ (Gray) ”. However, this was not valid for all the cities when they were investigated individually. There were 10 basic terms in Mashhad and Shiraz while the other cities had 11 basic terms. Also, the set of the used terms would differ by the city. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 352–360, 2015
Protecting outsourced data in cloud computing through access management
Authors: Wang Hua , Yi Xun , Bertino Elisa , Sun Lili 
Published: April 2014

SummaryData outsourcing is a major component for cloud computing because data owners are able to distribute resources to external services for sharing with users and organizations. A crucial problem for owners is how to secure sensitive information accessed by legitimate users only using the trusted services. We address the problem with access control methods to enforce selective access to outsourced data without involving the owner in authorization. The basic idea is to combine cryptography with authorizations, and data owners assign keys to roles that will enforce access via encryption. A formal access model is designed to analyze the translating an authorization policy into an equivalent encryption policy. The paper also investigates the effect of role hierarchy structure in the authorization process. The role‐based access management methods are implemented with XACML by using WSO Identity Server. The comparisons with other related work are presented. Finally, the future work is introduced.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microsatellite and Wolbachia analysis in Rhagoletis cerasi natural populations: population structuring and multiple infections
Authors: Augustinos Antonios A. , Asimakopoulou Anastasia K. , Moraiti Cleopatra A. , Mavragani‐Tsipidou Penelope , Papadopoulos Nikolaos T. , Bourtzis Kostas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of sweet and sour cherries in Europe and parts of Asia. Despite its economic significance, there is a lack of studies on the genetic structure of R. cerasi populations. Elucidating the genetic structure of insects of economic importance is crucial for developing phenological‐predictive models and environmental friendly control methods. All natural populations of R. cerasi have been found to harbor the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis, which widely affects multiple biological traits contributing to the evolution of its hosts, and has been suggested as a tool for the biological control of insect pests and disease vectors. In the current study, the analysis of 18 R. cerasi populations collected in Greece, Germany, and Russia using 13 microsatellite markers revealed structuring of R. cerasi natural populations, even at close geographic range. We also analyzed the Wolbachia infection status of these populations using 16S rRNA‐, MLST‐ and wsp‐based approaches. All 244 individuals screened were positive for Wolbachia. Our results suggest the fixation of the wCer1 strain in Greece while wCer2, wCer4, wCer5, and probably other uncharacterized strains were also detected in multiply infected individuals. The role of Wolbachia and its potential extended phenotypes needs a thorough investigation in R. cerasi. Our data suggest an involvement of this symbiont in the observed restriction in the gene flow in addition to a number of different ecological factors.
A landscape measure of urban stormwater runoff effects is a better predictor of stream condition than a suite of hydrologic factors
Authors: Burns Matthew J. , Walsh Christopher J. , Fletcher Tim D. , Ladson Anthony R. , Hatt Belinda E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRestoration and protection of urban stream ecosystems require knowledge of the primary causes of their degradation. Conventional stormwater drainage has been identified as a primary source of stress to streams, but it remains unclear if the proximal stressor to stream biota can be represented by flow regime alone or requires a metric integrating the range of stressors associated with stormwater runoff or with urban land use more generally. We used the information‐theoretic approach to assess whether various hydrologic indicators better predicted SIGNAL (a biotic index using macroinvertebrate families) than did attenuated imperviousness (AI; a landscape measure of connected imperviousness that inversely weights impervious areas by their distance from the nearest stormwater drain or stream) or total imperviousness (TI). The best models using hydrologic indicators were much less plausible than the overall best model, which used only AI. Predictors in the best hydrologic models characterized the magnitude of low‐flow antecedent events, overall flow variability, and antecedent flow flashiness. TI was a poorer predictor than AI, but similarly plausible as some hydrologic models. The results suggest that although there are components of the flow regime that degrade stream ecosystems, AI is a better predictor because it integrates hydrologic and other stormwater‐driven stressors, such as changes to water quality. Management of stream condition in our study area should focus on addressing conventional stormwater drainage and its associated alterations to hydrology and water quality. The identification of a single metric provides useful insights for others trying to identify simple predictors of complex phenomena. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.