bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MUT-7 exoribonuclease activity and localization are mediated by an ancient domain
Authors: Busetto Virginia , Pshanichnaya Lizaveta , Lichtenberger Raffael , Hann Stephan , Ketting René F , Falk Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The MUT-7 family of 3′–5′ exoribonucleases is evolutionarily conserved across the animal kingdom and plays essential roles in small RNA production in the germline. Most MUT-7 homologues carry a C-terminal domain of unknown function named MUT7-C appended to the exoribonuclease domain. Our analysis shows that the MUT7-C is evolutionary ancient, as a minimal version of the domain exists as an individual protein in prokaryotes. In animals, MUT7-C has acquired an insertion that diverged during evolution, expanding its functions. Caenorhabditis elegans MUT-7 contains a specific insertion within MUT7-C, which allows binding to MUT-8 and, consequently, MUT-7 recruitment to germ granules. In addition, in C. elegans and human MUT-7, the MUT7-C domain contributes to RNA binding and is thereby crucial for ribonuclease activity. This RNA-binding function most likely represents the ancestral function of the MUT7-C domain. Overall, this study sheds light on MUT7-C and assigns two functions to this previously uncharacterized domain.
Synergistic action of human RNaseH2 and the RNA helicase-nuclease DDX3X in processing R-loops
Authors: Secchi Massimiliano , Garbelli Anna , Riva Valentina , Deidda Graziano , Santonicola Carolina , Formica Teresa Maria , Sabbioneda Simone , Crespan Emmanuele , Maga Giovanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
R-loops are three-stranded RNA-DNA hybrid structures that play important regulatory roles, but excessive or deregulated R-loops formation can trigger DNA damage and genome instability. Digestion of R-loops is mainly relying on the action of two specialized ribonucleases: RNaseH1 and RNaseH2. RNaseH2 is the main enzyme carrying out the removal of misincorporated rNMPs during DNA replication or repair, through the Ribonucleotide Excision Repair (RER) pathway. We have recently shown that the human RNA helicase DDX3X possessed RNaseH2-like activity, being able to substitute RNaseH2 in reconstituted RER reactions. Here, using synthetic R-loop mimicking substrates, we could show that human DDX3X alone was able to both displace and degrade the ssRNA strand hybridized to DNA. Moreover, DDX3X was found to physically interact with human RNaseH2. Such interaction suppressed the nuclease and helicase activities of DDX3X, but stimulated severalfold the catalytic activity of the trimeric RNaseH2, but not of RNaseH1. Finally, silencing of DDX3X in human cells caused accumulation of RNA-DNA hybrids and phosphorylated RPA foci. These results support a role of DDX3X as a scaffolding protein and auxiliary factor for RNaseH2 during R-loop degradation.
CRISPR-Cas target recognition for sensing viral and cancer biomarkers
Authors: Rahimi Shadi , Balusamy Sri Renukadevi , Perumalsamy Haribalan , Ståhlberg Anders , Mijakovic Ivan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nucleic acid-based diagnostics is a promising venue for detection of pathogens causing infectious diseases and mutations related to cancer. However, this type of diagnostics still faces certain challenges, and there is a need for more robust, simple and cost-effective methods. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), the adaptive immune systems present in the prokaryotes, has recently been developed for specific detection of nucleic acids. In this review, structural and functional differences of CRISPR-Cas proteins Cas9, Cas12 and Cas13 are outlined. Thereafter, recent reports about applications of these Cas proteins for detection of viral genomes and cancer biomarkers are discussed. Further, we highlight the challenges associated with using these technologies to replace the current diagnostic approaches and outline the points that need to be considered for designing an ideal Cas-based detection system for nucleic acids.
Orchestration of phosphate homeostasis by the ITPK1-type inositol phosphate kinase in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Pullagurla Naga Jyothi , Shome Supritam , Liu Guizhen , Jessen Henning J , Laha Debabrata 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Land plants have evolved sophisticated sensing mechanisms and signaling pathways to adapt to phosphate-limited environments. While molecular players contributing to these adaptations in flowering plants have been described, how nonvascular bryophytes regulate phosphate (Pi) homeostasis remained largely unknown. In this study, we present findings that both male and female plants of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha respond to altered phosphate availability through substantial developmental changes. We show that the second messenger inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) respond more quickly to changes in cellular Pi status than the lower inositol phosphates, highlighting a functional relationship between PP-InsP and Pi homeostasis in M. polymorpha. To further corroborate the possible involvement of PP-InsP in Pi homeostasis, we characterized M. polymorpha INOSITOL (1,3,4) TRIPHOSPHATE 5/6 KINASE1 (MpITPK1) that phosphorylates InsP6 to generate InsP7 both in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with the role of PP-InsPs in Pi homeostasis, M. polymorpha lines with enhanced MpITPK1 expression leading to the accumulation of 5-InsP7 and an InsP8 isomer, exhibit altered expression of phosphate starvation induced (PSI) genes and display attenuated responses to low phosphate. The characterization of MpPHO1-deficient plants with dramatically increased levels of 1,5-InsP8 further supports the role of PP-InsP in Pi homeostasis in this liverwort species. Notably, our study unveiled that MpITPK1 rescues the deregulated Pi homeostasis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ITPK1-deficient plants, suggesting that liverwort and eudicots share a functional ITPK1 homolog. In summary, our study provides insights into the regulation of Pi homeostasis by ITPK1-derived PP-InsPs in M. polymorpha.
Animalization
Authors: Tarasenko-Struc Aleksy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although the concept of objectification is seen as a valuable tool in feminist theorizing, far less attention has been paid to animalization: treating or regarding a person as a nonhuman animal. I argue that animalization is a distinctive category of wrongdoing, modeling a theory of the phenomenon on Kantian theories of objectification in feminist philosophy. Actions are animalizing, I claim, when they embody a kind of disregard for a person's characteristically human capacities that are analogous to the fitting treatment of animals. I contend that my view overcomes standard objections to the use of the concept of animalization and shows how, despite surface similarities, animalization is different from both objectification and infantilization.
The Care Subsidy to the Labor Market: Rethinking the Care Diamond
Authors: Heatley Tejada Ana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The market is considered one of the four care agents and has been studied as a provider of paid services. However, the first part of this article posits the relevance of distinguishing two roles the market plays in care provision—private care provider and as the labor market—which shows, as feminist economics argues, that the market receives a subsidy from care work because the capital appropriates the value generated by the mostly female unpaid work in households through the family wage. The second part presents a methodology to estimate this subsidy of care to capital, based on time-use surveys and the computation of how many hours of total work are not paid for with household labor income using data from Mexico as a case study. With these figures, it is possible to develop public policy mechanisms that make the labor market co-responsible in care provision.
Root Infection and Minituber Yield Response to Powdery Scab in Plant Growth Chamber Conditions
Authors: Kamal Hira , Charlton Brian , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar , Tanaka Kiwamu 
Published: August 2024

Powdery scab, caused by the soilborne plasmodiophorid Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea ( Sss), is an increasing concern. Developing potato varieties with enduring resistance is crucial for sustainable disease management. However, the lack of a consistent infection assay for Sss has hindered effective evaluation of disease symptoms, including root gall formation and tuber lesions. This study introduces a reliable method for assessing Sss pathogenicity using a sand/potting mixture in a controlled-environment plant growth chamber. Potato plants were inoculated with three types of inocula sourced from root galls, infested soil, and scab-like tube lesions. All inocula successfully induced root galls and tuber lesions, with the tuber lesion-derived inoculum producing the highest number of root galls and tuber lesions. Additionally, the method demonstrated a marked impact of the disease on tuber yield, weight, and size in both highly susceptible and moderately susceptible cultivars. These findings underscore the efficacy of this infection assay as a robust tool for evaluating Sss pathogenicity. This method holds promise for screening potato germplasm to develop resistant varieties against powdery scab. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
PA job satisfaction
Authors: Cawley James F. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
A characteristic of physician associates/assistants (PAs) observed consistently is their high degree of career satisfaction. Over 6 decades, national surveys showed that PA job satisfaction levels (either satisfied or very satisfied) consistently were in the mid-80% positive range. This analysis explains this remarkable, consistent, and persistent level of satisfaction among practicing PAs. A review of the literature on PA job satisfaction shows that autonomy in clinical practice appears to be a major correlate with job and career satisfaction.
Hindfoot Alignment in Pediatrics: The Relationship Between Hindfoot Moment Arm and Hindfoot Alignment Angle
Authors: Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Bram Joshua T. , Cororaton Agnes D. , Hillstrom Howard J. , Mintz Douglas N. , Widmann Roger F. , Ellis Scott J. , Scher David M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Various measurements are used to evaluate hindfoot alignment and determine appropriate treatment, though the best tool is not known. Few studies have examined the relationship between these measurements in pediatric patients. This study sought to compare Hindfoot Moment Arm (HMA) and Hindfoot Alignment Angle (HAA) in evaluation of pediatric hindfoot deformity.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients by age: school-aged (7 to 10 years old), preadolescents (11 to 14), and adolescents (15 to 18). A total of 10 males and 10 females were randomly selected for each cohort from patients with available hindfoot radiographs. HMA and HAA were measured by 2 independent reviewers. Pearson correlation of HMA and HAA was performed by age cohort. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the association of HMA and HAA adjusting for age, sex, height, and weight.

Results:
Sixty participants were analyzed. Interrater reliability was found to be excellent for HMA and HAA (ICC=0.996 and 0.992, respectively). HMA was 8.7±9.4 mm in school age, 5.7±6.7 mm in preadolescents, and 2.5±13.0 mm among adolescents (P=0.153). HAA was 6.3±9.7 degrees in school age, 6.7±8.6 degrees in preadolescents, and 6.0±14.5 degrees among adolescents (P=0.983). The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.78 (CI: 0.51-0.91) for school-aged, 0.92 (CI: 0.81-0.97) for preadolescents, and 0.86 (CI: 0.67-0.94) for adolescents. Using multivariable regression, each degree increase in HAA, increased HMA by 0.77 mm. Age, height, and weight were not found to be independent predictors of HMA.

Conclusions:
HMA and HAA were both found to be reliable measurements across all age cohorts. When comparing across age cohorts, neither HMA nor HAA differed significantly (P=0.153 and 0.983, respectively). Furthermore, Pearson correlation demonstrated a linear relationship between HMA and HAA. When evaluating hindfoot deformity, surgeons may assess hindfoot alignment via either HMA or HAA regardless of patient age. The authors support the use of HMA for clinical and academic purposes as HMA is considerably simpler to measure.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
The Role of Paraspinal Muscle in Postoperative Coronal Balance Transition in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis
Authors: Chen Xing , Xu Rongkun , Yuan Suomao , Fu Wenyang , Zhang Xinzhi , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Lianlei , Liu Xinyu 
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective observational study

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether paraspinal muscle could influence postoperative coronal balance and its transition in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).

Summary of Background Data.
Although the importance of the paraspinal muscles (PSM) in sagittal alignment is well recognized, there is no information about its role in coronal balance

Methods.
The study included 102 DLS patients. Evaluation of the PSM on magnetic resonance imaging were conducted at baseline. Coronal measurements included coronal balance distance (CBD), major Cobb angle, L4 coronal tilt, and L5 coronal tilt. The cohort was divided based on postoperative parameters into persistent coronal balance (PCB), worsened coronal imbalance (WCIB), recurrent coronal balance (RCB), and persistent coronal imbalance (PCIB) according to immediate postoperative and follow-up coronal balance. Multivariate logistic regression models for postoperative CIB, follow-up WCIB and follow-up RCB were utilized to identify statistically significant associations while accounting for confounders.

Results.
The cohort was divided into 57 with PCB, 13 with WCIB, 10 with RCB, and 22 with PCIB. The follow-up groups with CIB exhibited more severe fatty infiltration in the extensor muscle compared to the balanced groups. Specifically, the WCIB group demonstrated the most severe extensor muscle degeneration, particularly on the concave sides, and the most prominent asymmetrical degeneration of the PSM among the four groups. Furthermore, patients with CIB had worse sagittal malalignment compared to those with CB at the last follow up.

Conclusion.
Patients exhibiting stronger extensor muscle mass were prone to immediate postoperative CB and more likely to experience spontaneous improvement or recurrence of coronal balance during follow-up. Severe extensor muscle degeneration and prominent asymmetrical bilateral PSM degeneration represent potential risk factors for persistent CIB and recurrent CIB. It is crucial to assess the dynamic change during the follow-up period as long-term prognosis may be impacted if CB deteriorates, or otherwise develops during follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
3
Nonablative Fractional Diode Laser Resurfacing (1440 nm and 1927 nm) for Photoaged Skin
Authors: Polder Kristel D. , Friedman Paul M. , Feetham Jill , Gower Jessica , Lin Tina , Jacobson Abby 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Nonablative lasers treat photoaged skin and stimulate new collagen formation while sparing epidermal damage.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nonablative fractional diode combination laser skin resurfacing treatment (1440 and 1927 nm) in mild-to-moderate photoaged skin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The entire face was treated with both 1440-nm and 1927-nm wavelengths per treatment, with a total of 4 treatments spaced 1 month apart. Follow-up occurred at 1 and 3 months post-treatment. Outcomes were improvement in the appearance of ≥1 measure of photodamage (rhytides, skin texture, dyschromia/pigment, skin radiance, pore size, and overall appearance) at the 3-month (primary) and 1-month (secondary) follow-up visits. Safety was monitored throughout the study.

RESULTS
Participants (N = 28; 89% female; mean age, 40 years) experienced significant mean improvement from baseline in all measures of photodamage with combination laser treatment at 1 and 3 months post-treatment (all p < .001). No serious adverse events occurred. Post-treatment erythema and edema were minimal, and pain levels remained consistent throughout treatment. Most participants (96.4%) considered their overall appearance as improved and expressed satisfaction with treatment outcomes.

CONCLUSION
Nonablative combination laser skin resurfacing treatment was well tolerated and significantly improved measures of photodamage in photoaged skin across diverse skin types.
Madany triangle; a new era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Madany Mohie El-Din M. , Soliman Ahmed , Sabra Tarek A. , Takrouney Mohammed H. , Fathy Mohamed , Abdelmohsen Sarah M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has an increased incidence of extrahepatic biliary injury or bleeding. The common hepatic duct is on the medial border of the Calot triangle and at risk of injury. So, the authors describe a new safety triangle with a more critical view of safety that is far from dangerous.

Patient and methods:
Retrospectively, from December 2019 until March 2023, the authors reviewed the medical records for patients who underwent LC. Only 238 patients underwent cholecystectomy using a new technique in approaches to critical safety. The patients who had intraoperatively extensive gallbladder adhesion and improper visualization of the cystic duct were excluded from the study.

Results:
The female-to-male ratio was 5:1. The number of children who were less than 18 years old was 5. The prevalence of cholecystitis among children in this study was 2.1%. The mean operative time was 63 min. The comments indication of cholecystectomy was chronic cholecystitis (66.8%).

Conclusion:
The Madany triangle can be used during LC as a critical measure of safety.
Chest tube in the wrong place when urgency plays a tricks on us: a case report
Authors: Molina Gabriel A. , Ojeda Rommel , Parrales Diana E. , Jiménez Galo E. , Dueñas S. Sabine , Caicedo David S. , Saldaña Armas Gianny , Lara A. Gabriela , Cadena Augusto 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Unfortunately, medical errors are and will always be frequent in clinical practice. Unfortunately, as this area can lead to repercussions for the medical team and the hospital, it is an understudied area regarding patient safety.

Case presentation:
The authors present a case of a 55-year-old male with a gunshot wound to his left chest; regretfully, the chest radiography was mislabeled and flipped. Due to this, misguided by the image, and even though the bullet hole was on the left chest, a 32 FR tube was placed on the right chest. After realizing the mistake, another chest tube was placed in the proper chest. Thankfully, the patient successfully recovered.

Discussion:
Any process in clinical practice can go wrong, from diagnosis to treatment. If an error goes unnoticed, it can lead to severe complications because the medical team often assumes that the lab or X-ray is rarely wrong. This, coupled with the fatigue of a night shift, can lead to severe complications if there is no thorough review of the patient before a procedure is performed.

Conclusion:
All patients should be reviewed in sufficient detail for reflection and discussion; this daily routine will allow us to overcome the urgency of treating the patient’s illness rather than incorrectly assessing a patient. There are no quick fixes for medical errors, yet many strategies are in place to prevent them from happening. Guidelines, safety nets, standardized protocols, and checklists are crucial elements that could help us in our practice.
Application of the grading system for “nociplastic pain” in chronic primary and chronic secondary pain conditions: a field study
Authors: Schmidt Hannah , Drusko Armin , Renz Malika Pia , Schlömp Lea , Tost Heike , Schuh-Hofer Sigrid , Tesarz Jonas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Treede Rolf-Detlef 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The concept “nociplastic pain” has been developed for patients with features of nociceptive system sensitization that are not explained as nociceptive or neuropathic. Here, we tested how well the recently published grading system differentiates between chronic primary and secondary pain conditions. We recruited patients with fibromyalgia (FMS, n = 41), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS, n = 11), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 21), or peripheral nerve injury (PNI, n = 8). We used clinical history, pain drawings, quantitative sensory testing (QST), and questionnaires to classify their pains as possibly or probably “nociplastic.” All patients with chronic primary pain exhibited widespread/regional pain not explainable by either nociceptive or neuropathic mechanisms. Widespread pain occurred in 12 patients with OA but was identified as nociceptive in 11 of 12. Regional pain occurred in 4 patients with PNI but was identified as neuropathic in 3 of 4. At this step, the grading system had 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Clinical evidence for pain hypersensitivity by QST, and history of hypersensitivity and mental comorbidities did not differentiate between chronic primary pain (QST: 36/52 = 69%, history: 43/52 = 83%) and secondary pain conditions (QST: 20/29 = 69%, history: 24/29 83%). Based on these data, specificity remained excellent (93%), but sensitivity dropped substantially (60%) due to lacking evidence for pain hypersensitivity in many patients with FMS. This low sensitivity suggests that the published grading system is not suitable for screening purposes. We suggest structural and content modifications to improve sensitivity, including placement of patient history before clinical examination and addition of a high tender point count as evidence for widespread pain hypersensitivity.
Transapical beating heart septal myectomy learning curve and training of future surgeons: an observational study
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Chen Yue , Li Rui , Fang Jing , Quintana Eduard , Wei Xiang 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Description of the learning curve for transapical beating heart septal myectomy (TA-BSM) helps to understand the potential for wider adaptability. The authors elaborate and examine a competency-based training assessment for TA-BSM that could serve to disseminate septal myectomy expertise.

Materials and methods:
Data on 177 consecutive patients who underwent the TA-BSM for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) between April 2022 and June 2023 was collected prospectively, which was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Using the cumulative sum analysis, the authors identified two distinct learning phases based on the procedural time. Outcomes of procedural success and major complications were also compared between phases. Assessment through a Likert scale competency-based assessment of a myectomy surgeon after on-site TA-BSM training.

Results:
The cumulative sum analysis of procedural time showed two well-differentiated phases: the initial phase (cases 1–44) and the proficiency phase (cases 45–177). After 44 cases, significant improvements in procedural time were observed (113 vs. 134 min; P<0.001). Optimal procedural success (left ventricular outflow tract gradient <30 mmHg and mitral regurgitation grade ≤1+ without mortality or median sternotomy conversion) increased in the proficiency phase (93.2 vs. 79.5%; P=0.018), while complications decreased. The assessment of another surgeon showed consistent agreement in operative decision-making and performance for all evaluated domains.

Conclusions:
Competence in TA-BSM was achieved after 44 cases, without sacrificing guideline-desired outcomes. Appropriate training of other septal myectomy surgeons could further expedite this learning curve. This new technique may represent an option for wider dissemination of HOCM surgery worldwide and improve disease management.