bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood and body fluids: knowledge, attitude and practice of medical students in Ajman, UAE
Authors: Sreedharan Jayadevan , Muttappallymyalil Jayakumary , Venkatramana Manda 
Published: November 2013

The health care workers should be aware of Universal Work Precaution (UWP) as there is an increased risk of exposure to infectious diseases which is considered mainly due to accidental exposure to blood and body fluids. This study mainly aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical students on blood and body fluids at Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study subjects constituted 212 medical students of academic years 2005 – 2009. A self administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection and analysis was performed using statistical software PASW 17. Results: The participant’s age ranged from 17 to 27 years. A statistically significant association (P<0.001) between knowledge on UWP and year of study was observed, with a highest knowledge of 95.5% in third year, 88% fifth year, 82.5% fourth year, 67.3% second year and a lowest of 33.3% in first year. A statistically significant association was obtained between knowledge and practice (P<0.01) of medical students regarding needle recapping. The study reported, that a majority of participants with the opinion on wearing surgical aprons, masks and protective goggles during surgery while the practice was not up to the level of knowledge. Statistically significant association was obtained between knowledge and practice (P<0.01) with regard to the usage of surgical aprons and protective goggles. The present study thus indicates an increase in practice with increase in knowledge. The study also emphasizes the need for providing proper education on transmission of blood-borne infections, standard precautions and increasing availability of protection strategies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.5981 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 3 No 1 (2013) 5-10
Occupational exposure to HIV and use of post-exposure prophylaxis in a general hospital in North Central, Nigeria.
Authors: Olaleye Abiola O , Ogundele Olorunfemi A , Awokola Babatunde I , Olatunya Oladele S , Olaleye Omolara A , Adeyanju Titilope , Omisore Akinlolu G 
Published: November 2013

Occupational exposures to blood borne pathogens including HIV have been well studied. However, limited studies exist about the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to describe the characteristics of occupational exposure to HIV, the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among health workers, and the proportion of exposed health workers reporting for follow-up three months after exposure. A cross sectional descriptive study involving ninety three health workers was carried out at a general hospital located in an urban area in North Central zone of Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used. The prevalence of occupational exposure, utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up rate were assessed using self administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 and descriptive analysis was carried out. It was reported that, 73.1% of respondents at least one or more occupational exposures to HIV and other blood borne pathogens through accidental needle injury/prick, blood splash on a fresh wound or conjunctiva exposure in the last one year. Needle stick injury occurred in 83.8% of all respondents who had occupational exposures. 8.8% of exposed respondents commenced post exposure prophylaxis with two-thirds completing the post exposure prophylaxis regimen. Only one (25%) of those who completed the regimen reported for follow-up. Occupational exposures to HIV are common among health workers. The rates of utilization of post exposure prophylaxis and follow-up were low. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.6635 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 3 No 1 (2013) 11-17
An ergonomic study of postural stress of nurses working in orthopedic wards
Authors: Goswami Smaranika , Haldar Prasun , Sahu Subhashis 
Published: November 2013

It was reported high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. Among the wards, personnel working in Orthopedic wards routinely perform activities that require lifting heavy loads in awkward posture. Challenges faced by them assess patients skillfully and uniquely because orthopedic patients typically present with multiple, complex health problems. During orthopedic patient handling work-related postural strain are most common in health care unit personnel. This study aims at evaluating the different work-related musculoskeletal strain due to awkward postures, body parts discomforts, and find out some ergonomic solutions to these problems. Forty nurses working in orthopedic settings of two hospitals were interviewed by modified Nordic Questionnaire to reveal the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems and pain in various regions of the body. BPD Scale was used to identify the intensity of different body parts discomforts. Video recordings and still photographs were taken to evaluate postural stress during different activities were analyzed by OWAS (Ovako working posture analysis) method. Activity analysis chart was also used to represent the duration of different activities of nurses in their respective duty hours. It was observed that the most physically demanding and postural strenuous task is transferring patient alone. In orthopedics wards different activities like assist patient to walk, changing, other care works are strenuous because as about 90% of adult patient are over 50 kg of body weight and due to facture or other problem are unstable. Some ergonomic interventions like assisted lifting, lifting aids, training, etc. are recommended to improve the working conditions and reduce postural strain. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i1.9097 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 3 No 1 (2013) 26-31
Pensions alimentaires pour enfants lors du divorce [Les juges appliquent-ils implicitement un calcul fondé sur le coût de l’enfant ?]
Authors: Jeandidier Bruno , Ray Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2013

Maintenance allowances for children after divorce. Do the courts implicitly apply a calculation on the cost of the child ?
The authors use administrative data from divorce rulings to analyse whether the courts follow an economic rationale in the absence of a scale when setting maintenance allowances for children. The authors then consider whether other factors with less economic justification are involved in the ruling and finally whether there is a «judge effect » . Their analysis shows that the decisions studied obey a consistent economic rationale in terms of the parents’ financial situation, but take little account of the children’s specifics. Rulings are also influenced by other decisive factors which are less justified in economic and legal terms.
The Integration of the Risk Management Process with the Lifecycle of Medical Device Software
Authors: Luzi D. , Pecoraro F. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryObjectives: The application of software in the Medical Device (MD) domain has become central to the improvement of diagnoses and treatments. The new European regulations that specifically address software as an important component of MD, require complex procedures to make software compliant with safety requirements, introducing thereby new challenges in the qualification and classi -fication of MD software as well as in the performance of risk management activities. Under this perspective, the aim of this paper is to propose an integrated framework that combines the activities to be carried out by the manufacturer to develop safe software within the development lifecycle based on the regulatory requirements reported in US and European regulations as well as in the relevant standards and guidelines.Methods: A comparative analysis was carried out to identify the main issues related to the application of the current new regulations. In addition, standards and guidelines recently released to harmonise procedures for the validation of MD software have been used to define the risk management ac -tivities to be carried out by the manufacturer during the software development process.Results: This paper highlights the main issues related to the qualification and classification of MD software, providing an analysis of the different regulations applied in Europe and the US. A model that integrates the risk management process within the software development lifecycle has been proposed too. It is based on regulatory requirements and considers software risk analysis as a central input to be managed by the manufacturer already at the initial stages of the software design, in order to prevent MD failures.Conclusions: Relevant changes in the process of MD development have been introduced with the recognition of software being an important component of MDs as stated in regulations and standards. This implies the performance of highly iterative processes that have to integrate the risk management in the framework of software development. It also makes it necessary to involve both medical and software engineering competences to safeguard patient and user safety.
Floral structure and organogenesis of the wax palm Ceroxylon ceriferum (Arecaceae; Ceroxyloideae)
Authors: Balhara Manju , Stauffer Fred W. , Balslev Henrik , Barfod Anders S. 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Most palm systematists were surprised when molecular evidence pointed to a sister group relationship between the tribe Ceroxyleae and the phytelephantoid palms. The latter comprises three genera of morphological aberrant palms that have previously been considered a subfamily of their own. Here we present the results of a detailed study of the floral structure and development of the wax palm, Ceroxylon ceriferum, which aims at revealing derived traits shared by the sister tribes Ceroxyleae and Phytelepheae.• Methods: A series of floral stages were sampled from Ceroxylon ceriferum growing in the central coastal range of Venezuela. The samples were prepared for scanning electronic microscopy and serial anatomical sectioning.• Key results: The development of male and female flowers of Ceroxylon ceriferum was similar. The receptacle elongated early in the ontogeny. The perianth was differentiated into distinct sepals and petals and was characterized by a lack of postgenital fusion. The stamens were incepted centripetally in 2(–3) whorls. The outer whorl of three stamens was antesepalous. The inner whorl consisted of six stamens arranged in three antepetalous pairs.• Conclusions: The flowers of Ceroxylon ceriferum share a lack of postgenital fusion in the perianth with members of the tribe Phytelepheae. The elongation of the receptacle is reminiscent of the receptacle expansion in Phytelepheae. However, the multistaminate condition in C. ceriferum is less extreme than in the Phytelepheae, and the stamen initiation is centripetal as opposed to centrifugal in the latter.
Telaprevir is Effective Given Every 12 H at 750 Mg with Pegylated Interferon-α2B and Ribavirin to Japanese Patients with HCV-1B Il28B Rs8099917 Tt
Authors: Kawakami Yoshiiku , Suzuki Fumitaka , Karino Yoshiyasu , Toyota Joji , Kumada Hiromitsu , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: November 2013

Background The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of 750 mg telaprevir (TVR) given at 8 or 12 h intervals during triple therapy with pegylated interferon-α2b (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) for patients with chronic HCV infection. Methods A total of 52 patients with high viral loads of HCV genotype 1b who were expected to respond well to therapy (rs8099917 TT genotype or relapse to previous therapy) were randomly assigned to two groups who were given 750 mg TVR at either 8 h (q8h) or 12 h (q12h) intervals in combination with PEG-IFN and RBV for 12 weeks, followed by 12 additional weeks of treatment with PEG-IFN and RBV alone. The primary end point of the study was undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (sustained virological response [SVR]12). Results SVR12 rates were 92.3% (24/26) for both q8h and q12h. The changes in mean log10 HCV RNA levels and viral response were also similar in q8h compared to q12h, whereas pharmacokinetic properties such as maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve at 24 h and trough plasma concentration of TVR were slightly higher in q8h than in q12h ( P>0.2). The frequency of TVR discontinuation due to anaemia or renal damage was significantly higher in q12h than in q8h (6/26 [23%] versus 0/20 [0%], respectively; P=0.02). Conclusions TVR given at 12 h intervals should be considered for patients with lower body weight, especially patients with prior relapse and with IL28B polymorphisms at rs8099917 TT (interferon-λ 4 ss469415590 polymorphism TT/TT) genotype in patients with genotype 1b HCV infection.
Discovery ofTrichoferus campestris(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ontario, Canada and first host record in North America
Authors: Bullas-Appleton Erin , Kimoto Troy , Turgeon Jean J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductions of some forest invasive alien species result in important economic, environmental, and ecological impacts. One approach used by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to improve the detection of these species is to collect logs from trees in declining health at high risk sites of introduction and to incubate them to obtain insects, if present.Trichoferus campestris(Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) adults emerged, and live larvae were extracted, from one of two logs taken from a dying Norway maple,Acer platanoidesLinnaeus (Sapindaceae), in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. In its native range, eastern Asia, this beetle is polyphagous, however, in North America there is no host record despite numerous interceptions of larvae in wood packaging material and captures of adults at various post-entry sites. An examination of the feeding damage caused byT. campestrisin that maple suggests this insect is not a primary pest of trees in Ontario.
Neuroscience and Sartre's Account of Bad Faith
Authors: Valentine John 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
The article explores the possibility that studies in cerebral commissurotomy (severing of the corpus callosum) may shed some light on Jean-Paul Sartre's account of bad faith. I examine this issue from both a descriptive and an explanatory point of view. My conclusion is that Sartre and various neuroscientists seem generally to agree on the description of self-deception, but they substantially disagree on how the phenomenon is to be explained. I argue that Sartre's account does not seem fully adequate, while the neuroscientific approach may have explanatory potential if certain conceptual issues are resolved. I also argue that, carefully delimited, the neuroscientific stance complements Sartre's approach.
Polanyi, Universals, and the Nominalism Controversy
Authors: Fennell Jon 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
During and after World War II Michael Polanyi emerged from the world of science as a major philosopher with a distinctive voice and perspective that even now influences inquirers in a remarkably wide variety of disciplines. Among Polanyi's central contributions is a critique of nominalism and a corresponding defense of universals and general ideas that succeeds precisely because it eschews the categories and antinomies that mark the traditional controversy between realists and nominalists. There are striking parallels between Polanyi's position and that of C. S. Peirce. Each offers an escape from nominalism that is predicated on a fundamental reconceptualization of the controversy. While providing a fresh perspective on the challenge of nominalism, Polanyi also casts important clarifying light on the phenomenon of induction.
Pyrrhonian Skepticism and the Mirror of Nature
Authors: Leach Stephen 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis article discusses a problem that arises from Richard Rorty's use of both Kuhn and Davidson to criticize putative truth criteria. I argue that there is a conflict between the positions of Kuhn and Davidson that Rorty fails to notice. However, Rorty need not choose between them, for, ironically—since Rorty is in large part motivated by putting skepticism to rest—this dilemma is avoided if his insights are instead bolstered by the support of Pyrrhonian skepticism. With the help of this support, not only do Rorty's criticisms of the mirror of nature retain their force, but (contra Rorty) philosophy retains its autonomy.
Introducing Samples Directly into Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometers by Direct Infusion Using a Nanoelectrospray Interface
Authors: Lee Terry D. , Moore Roger E. , Keen Denise 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProcedures are described for constructing and using a microscale electrospray interface for direct infusion of samples into mass spectrometers. The sensitivity of the nanospray interface is a result of greatly reducing the flow of sample solution while preserving the analyte signal intensity. The described methodology provides a simple and robust way to analyze individual purified peptide and protein samples, i.e., samples that do not require liquid chromatography separation. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 74:16.8.1‐16.8.7. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pulsed EPR Distance Measurements in Soluble Proteins by Site‐Directed Spin Labeling (SDSL)
Authors: de Vera Ian Mitchelle S. , Blackburn Mandy E. , Galiano Luis , Fanucci Gail E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe resurgence of pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in structural biology centers on recent improvements in distance measurements using the double electron‐electron resonance (DEER) technique. This unit focuses on EPR‐based distance measurements by site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) of engineered cysteine residues in soluble proteins, with HIV‐1 protease used as a model. To elucidate conformational changes in proteins, experimental protocols were optimized and existing data analysis programs were employed to derive distance‐distribution profiles. Experimental considerations, sample preparation, and error analysis for artifact suppression are also outlined herein. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 74:17.17.1‐17.17.29. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Methods for Studying Interactions of Detergents and Lipids with α‐Helical and β‐Barrel Integral Membrane Proteins
Authors: Saif Hasan S. , Baniulis Danas , Yamashita Eiki , Zhalnina Mariya V. , Zakharov Stanislav D. , Stofleth Jason T. , Cramer William A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMethods for studying interactions of protein with lipids and detergents are described for representatives of two major classes of membrane proteins: (1) the α‐helical hetero‐oligomeric integral cytochrome b6f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis from cyanobacteria, and (2) the outer membrane β‐barrel proteins BtuB and OmpF from Gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Details are presented on the use of detergents for purification and crystallization of the b6f complex as well as a method for lipid exchange. The positions of detergent and lipid molecules, which define eight potential lipid‐binding sites in the b6f complex, are described. Differences in detergent strategies for isolation and crystallization of β‐barrel proteins relative to those for oligomeric helical membrane proteins are discussed, and purification and assessment of protein quality by circular dichroism (CD) is presented. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 74:29.7.1‐29.7.30. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
LC/MS/MS analysis of the endogenous dimethyltryptamine hallucinogens, their precursors, and major metabolites in rat pineal gland microdialysate
Authors: Barker Steven A. , Borjigin Jimo , Lomnicka Izabela , Strassman Rick 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe report a qualitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of the three known N,N‐dimethyltryptamine endogenous hallucinogens, their precursors and metabolites, as well as melatonin and its metabolic precursors. The method was characterized using artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) as the matrix and was subsequently applied to the analysis of rat brain pineal gland‐aCSF microdialysate. The method describes the simultaneous analysis of 23 chemically diverse compounds plus a deuterated internal standard by direct injection, requiring no dilution or extraction of the samples. The results demonstrate that this is a simple, sensitive, specific and direct approach to the qualitative analysis of these compounds in this matrix. The protocol also employs stringent MS confirmatory criteria for the detection and confirmation of the compounds examined, including exact mass measurements. The excellent limits of detection and broad scope make it a valuable research tool for examining the endogenous hallucinogen pathways in the central nervous system. We report here, for the first time, the presence of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine in pineal gland microdialysate obtained from the rat. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational dust exposure and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk in a population‐based case–control study conducted in the greater Boston area
Authors: Langevin Scott M. , McClean Michael D. , Michaud Dominique S. , Eliot Melissa , Nelson Heather H. , Kelsey Karl T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHead and neck cancers account for an estimated 549,000 global cancer diagnoses each year. While tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV16 infection are considered to be the major risk factors for this disease, occupational risk factors, including exposure to asbestos, have also been described, although dust exposures other than asbestos have been historically understudied. We have investigated the relationship between occupational exposures to five types of dusts, including sawdust, concrete dust, leather dust, metal dust, and chimney soot, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in the greater Boston area. We report findings from a population‐based case–control study involving 951 incident HNSCC cases and 1193 controls, frequency matched on age (±3 years), sex, and town/neighborhood of residence. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between occupational exposure to each type of dust and HNSCC, overall and by primary tumor site. After adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and HPV16 serology, laryngeal carcinoma risk increased for each decade of occupational exposure to sawdust (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3) and metal dust (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.4); and HNSCC risk increased for each decade of occupational leather dust exposure (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.9). We have provided evidence for an association between occupational sawdust and metal dust and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and leather dust and HNSCC, with increasing risk with longer duration at the exposed occupation.
Continuous Purification of Gases Using SILP Materials
Authors: Klefer Heiko , Roth Daniel , Eckle Ilsebill , Schrage Christian , Böhringer Bertram , Haumann Marco , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSILP‐Materialien (supported ionic liquid phase) bestehen aus einem porösen Festkörper, der mit einem dünnen Film einer ionischen Flüssigkeit überzogen ist. Die Verwendung solcher Hybridmaterialien in der adsorptiven Gasreinigung wird am Beispiel eigener Experimente und aktueller Literatur beschrieben. Beispiele mit Metalloxiden und sphärischen Kohlenstoffadsorbentien als Träger werden diskutiert und die Applikation von SILP‐Materialien in Schaumform wird vorgestellt. SILP‐Materialien profitieren in Adsorptionsanwendungen in besonderer Weise von den speziellen Eigenschaften ionischer Flüssigkeiten. Die Verwendung des flüssigen Salzes in immobilisierter Form führt zu einer großen Gas/Flüssig‐Austauschfläche und zu einem sehr hohen Ausnutzungsgrad der ionischen Flüssigkeit.