bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence of Parareal with spatial coarsening
Authors: Ruprecht Daniel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe effect is investigated of using a reduced spatial resolution in the coarse propagator of the time‐parallel Parareal method for a finite difference discretization of the linear advection‐diffusion equation. It is found that convergence can critically depend on the order of the interpolation used to transfer the coarse propagator solution to the fine mesh in the correction step. The effect also strongly depends on the employed spatial and temporal resolution. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prediction of damage in cold bulk forming processes
Authors: Zapara Maksim , Augenstein Eva , Helm Dirk 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the present paper a practically relevant extension of the known modelling methods with regard to the description of forming limits of steels typically used in the cold bulk forming is developed and implemented in a commercial finite element code Abaqus. The modeling approach is based on the so‐called micromechanical damage concepts which represent the microstructure evolution more detailed than phenomenological models and, therefore, provide better prediction of damage and failure during the forming process. Particularly, the well‐known damage models of Gurson as well as Gologanu‐Leblond are considered. It is shown that in combination with fracture criteria such models are able to describe failure in bulk forming. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differential inclusions and Young measures involving prescribed Jacobians
Authors: Rindler Filip 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn elasticity theory, one naturally requires that the Jacobian determinant of the deformation is positive or even a‐priori prescribed (e.g. for incompressibility). However, such strongly non‐linear and non‐convex constraints are difficult to deal with in mathematical models. This short note, which is based on joint work with K. Koumatos and E. Wiedemann, presents various recent results on how this constraint can be manipulated in subcritical Sobolev spaces, where the integrability exponent is less than the dimension. In particular, we give a characterization theorem for Young measures under this side constraint. This is in the spirit of the celebrated Kinderlehrer–Pedregal Theorem and based on convex integration and “geometry” in matrix space. Finally, applications to approximation in Sobolev spaces and to the failure of lower semicontinuity for certain integral functionals with “realistic” growth conditions are given. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Protein tyrosine nitration: A signaling mechanism conserved from yeast to man
Authors: Bottari Serge P. 
Published: December 2014

Although protein nitration had already been reported in the late forties and found to specifically affect tyrosine residues 20 years later, it was not until the early nineties that this post‐translational modification was reported to occur in vivo in mammalian cells. Over the years, this protein modification has increasingly proven to play a major role in a variety of physiological mechanisms through redox signaling and pathological conditions through nitro‐oxidative stress, from protozoan parasites to humans. In this issue (Proteomics 2015, 15, 580–590), Kang et al. report the identification of the nitroproteome during mating in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and most interestingly on the changes in nitration induced by the mating signal α‐factor of several of these proteins. The correlation of these modifications with the biological functions of these proteins strongly suggests a role for protein nitration in mating signal transduction in yeast, thereby confirming the conservation of this pathway throughout the evolution from unicellular eukaryotes to man. The ubiquity of protein tyrosine nitration, whose importance is now also recognized in plants, further highlights its significance as an essential signaling mechanism in eukaryotes.
The contrast‐to‐noise ratio for image quality evaluation in scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Timischl F. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) is presented and characterized as a tool for quantitative noise measurement of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Analogies as well as differences between the CNR and the widely used signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) are analytically and experimentally investigated. With respect to practical SEM image evaluation using the contrast‐to‐noise ratio, a standard specimen and an evaluation program are presented. SCANNING 37:54–62, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualizing web server attacks: patterns in PHPIDS logs‡
Authors: Alsaleh Mansour , Alarifi Abdulrahman , Alqahtani Abdullah , Al‐Salman AbdulMalik 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe prevalence and severity of application‐layer vulnerabilities increase dramatically their corresponding attacks. In this paper, we present an extension to PHPIDS, an open source intrusion detection and prevention system for PHP‐based web applications, to visualize its security log. Our usage of security data visualization is motivated by the fact that most security defense systems are mainly based on text‐based logs for recording security‐related events, which are difficult to analyze and correlate. The proposed extension analyzes PHPIDS logs, correlates these logs with the corresponding web server logs, and plots the security‐related events. We use a set of tightly coupled visual representations of hypertext transfer protocol server requests containing known and suspicious malicious content, to provide system administrators and security analysts with fine‐grained visual‐based querying capabilities. We present multiple case studies to demonstrate the ability of our PHPIDS visualization extension to support security analysts with analytic reasoning and decision making in response to ongoing web server attacks. Experimenting the proposed PHPIDS visualization extension on real‐world datasets shows promise for providing complementary information for effective situational awareness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The perception of emotion in body expressions
Authors: de Gelder B. , de Borst A.W. , Watson R. 
Published: December 2014

During communication, we perceive and express emotional information through many different channels, including facial expressions, prosody, body motion, and posture. Although historically the human body has been perceived primarily as a tool for actions, there is now increased understanding that the body is also an important medium for emotional expression. Indeed, research on emotional body language is rapidly emerging as a new field in cognitive and affective neuroscience. This article reviews how whole‐body signals are processed and understood, at the behavioral and neural levels, with specific reference to their role in emotional communication. The first part of this review outlines brain regions and spectrotemporal dynamics underlying perception of isolated neutral and affective bodies, the second part details the contextual effects on body emotion recognition, and final part discusses body processing on a subconscious level. More specifically, research has shown that body expressions as compared with neutral bodies draw upon a larger network of regions responsible for action observation and preparation, emotion processing, body processing, and integrative processes. Results from neurotypical populations and masking paradigms suggest that subconscious processing of affective bodies relies on a specific subset of these regions. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that emotional information from the face, voice, and body all interact, with body motion and posture often highlighting and intensifying the emotion expressed in the face and voice. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:149–158. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1335This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
Toward biosensors for the detection of circulating microRNA as a cancer biomarker: an overview of the challenges and successes
Authors: Tavallaie Roya , De Almeida Swahnnya R. M. , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: December 2014

Considerable attention has been dedicated to developing feasible point‐of‐care tests for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. An ideal biomarker for clinical use should be easily assayed with minimally invasive medical procedures but possess high sensitivity and specificity. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of different cellular processes, the unique altered patterns in cancer patients and presence in body fluids in the stable form, points to their clinical utility as blood‐based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Although a variety of selective and sensitive laboratory‐based methods are already exist for the detection of circulating miRNA, having a simple, low‐cost and rapid assay, which could be routinely used in clinical practice, is still required. Among different approaches that have developed for circulating miRNA detection, biosensors, due to the high sensitivity, ease of use, short assay time, non‐toxic experimental steps, and adaptability to point‐of‐care testing, exhibit very attractive properties for developing portable devices. With this view, we present an overview of some of the challenges that still need to be met to be able to use circulating miRNAs in clinical practice, including their clinical significance, sample preparation, and detection. In particular, we highlight the recent advances in the rapidly developing area of biosensors for circulating miRNA detection, along with future prospects and challenges. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:580–592. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1324This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Synthesis, Structures and Properties of a Fourth Modification of [Cd(NCS)2(pyridine)2]n
Authors: Neumann Tristan , Jess Inke , Näther Christian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReaction of Cd(NCS)2 with pyridine in water accidently lead to the formation of crystals of a fourth modification of [Cd(NCS)2(pyridine)2]n, which most likely corresponds to form I reported by Taniguchi et al. but which was not structurally characterized by these authors. This modification crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 10.6032(3) Å, b = 15.8676(5) Å, c = 26.2795(8), b = 96.001(2) °and V = 4397.2(2) Å3. The structure of this compound is very similar to that of form III reported recently, in which the Cd cations are octahedrally coordinated by two pyridine ligands and four thiocyanato anions. The cations are linked by pairs of anionic ligands into chains, in which the thiocyanato anions are always trans‐coordinated. Further investigations show that larger amounts of pure form I cannot be prepared because it is always contaminated with form II, in which the thiocyanato anions are cis‐coordinated. Solvent mediated conversion experiments using mixtures of the trans‐modifications I and III as well as the cis‐modification II prove that form III disappears first and therefore, is less stable than the second trans‐modification I. IR and Raman spectroscopic investigations show, that all forms cannot be distinguished from each other using these methods.
Reasons for cannabis use in first-episode psychosis: Does strength of endorsement change over 12 months?
Authors: Kolliakou A. , Castle D. , Sallis H. , Joseph C. , O’Connor J. , Wiffen B. , Gayer-Anderson C. , McQueen G. , Taylor H. , Bonaccorso S. , Gaughran F. , Smith S. , Greenwood K. , Murray R.M. , Di Forti M. , Atakan Z. , Ismail K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground:Why patients with psychosis use cannabis remains debated. The self-medication hypothesis has received some support but other evidence points towards an alleviation of dysphoria model. This study investigated the reasons for cannabis use in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and whether strength in their endorsement changed over time.Methods:FEP inpatients and outpatients at the South London and Maudsley, Oxleas and Sussex NHS Trusts UK, who used cannabis, rated their motives at baseline (n= 69), 3 months (n= 29) and 12 months (n= 36). A random intercept model was used to test the change in strength of endorsement over the 12 months. Paired-samplet-tests assessed the differences in mean scores between the five subscales on the Reasons for Use Scale (enhancement, social motive, coping with unpleasant affect, conformity and acceptance and relief of positive symptoms and side effects), at each time-point.Results:Time had a significant effect on scores when controlling for reason; average scores on each subscale were higher at baseline than at 3 months and 12 months. At each time-point, patients endorsed ‘enhancement’ followed by ‘coping with unpleasant affect’ and ‘social motive’ more highly for their cannabis use than any other reason. ‘Conformity and acceptance’ followed closely. ‘Relief of positive symptoms and side effects’ was the least endorsed motive.Conclusions:Patients endorsed their reasons for use at 3 months and 12 months less strongly than at baseline. Little support for the self-medication or alleviation of dysphoria models was found. Rather, patients rated ‘enhancement’ most highly for their cannabis use.
What are depressive symptoms in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder?
Authors: Schennach R. , Riedel M. , Obermeier M. , Seemüller F. , Jäger M. , Schmauss M. , Laux G. , Pfeiffer H. , Naber D. , Schmidt L.G. , Gaebel W. , Klosterkötter J. , Heuser I. , Maier W. , Lemke M.R. , Rüther E. , Klingberg S. , Gastpar M. , Möller H.-J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground:Aim was to examine depressive symptoms in acutely ill schizophrenia patients on a single symptom basis and to evaluate their relationship with positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms.Methods:Two hundred and seventy-eight patients suffering from a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were analysed within a naturalistic study by the German Research Network on Schizophrenia. Using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) depressive symptoms were examined and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to assess positive, negative and general symptoms. Correlation and factor analyses were calculated to detect the underlying structure and relationship of the patient’s symptoms.Results:The most prevalent depressive symptoms identified were depressed mood (80%), observed depression (62%) and hopelessness (54%). Thirty-nine percent of the patients suffered from depressive symptoms when applying the recommended cut-off of a CDSS total score of > 6 points at admission. Negligible correlations were found between depressive and positive symptoms as well as most PANSS negative and global symptoms despite items on depression, guilt and social withdrawal. The factor analysis revealed that the factor loading with the PANSS negative items accounted for most of the data variance followed by a factor with positive symptoms and three depression-associated factors.Limitations:The naturalistic study design does not allow a sufficient control of study results for the effect of different pharmacological treatments possibly influencing the appearance of depressive symptoms.Conclusion:Results suggest that depressive symptoms measured with the CDSS are a discrete symptom domain with only partial overlap with positive or negative symptoms.
Gut Check: Clostridium difficile Testing and Treatment in the Molecular Testing Era
Authors: Buckel Whitney R. , Avdic Edina , Carroll Karen C. , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Hadhazy Eric , Cosgrove Sara E. 
Published: December 2014

We evaluated the impact of nursing education and stewardship interventions on Clostridium difficile testing and treatment appropriateness. Diarrhea documentation increased for those with positive tests (45% to 70%); pretreatment laxative use decreased (50% to 19%). Appropriate treatment increased for severe infection (57% to 93%), but all asymptomatically colonized patients were treated.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–5
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy in Pediatrics: An Opportunity to Expand Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Knackstedt Elizabeth D. , Stockmann Chris , Davis Carly R. , Thorell Emily A. , Pavia Andrew T. , Hersh Adam L. 
Published: December 2014

We reviewed patient discharges with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) to determine whether outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy was modifiable or unnecessary at a large tertiary care children’s hospital. At least one modification definitely or possibly would have been recommended for 78% of episodes. For more than 40% of episodes, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy was potentially not indicated.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0):1–3
Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Critical Appraisal of Clinical Prediction Rules for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Hospitals
Authors: Gonçalves Berenice das Dores , Lambert Passos Sonia Regina , Borges dos Santos Maria Angelica , de Andrade Carlos Augusto Ferreira , Moreira Martins Maria de Fátima , de Queiroz Mello Fernanda Carvalho 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo systematically review studies evaluating clinical prediction rules (CPRs) for adult inpatients suspected to have pulmonary tuberculosis.DesignSystematic review with meta-analyses.SettingHospitals.PatientsInpatients at least 15 years of age admitted to acute care.MethodsA search was conducted in 5 indexed electronic databases with no language or year of publication restrictions. We performed a meta-analysis for those CPRs with at least 2 validation studies. Results were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.ResultsOf the 461 abstracts selected, 36 articles were fully analyzed and 11 articles were included, yielding 8 CPRs derived in 4 countries. Broad validation studies were identified for 2 CPRs. The most frequent clinical predictors were fever and weight loss. All CPRs included chest imaging signs. Most CPRs were derived in countries with a low prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and included homeless, immigrants, and those who reacted to the purified protein derivative test. Both of the CPRs derived in countries with a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis strongly relied on chest radiograph predictors. Accuracy of the different CPRs was high (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.79–0.91). Meta-analysis of 4 validation studies for Wisnivesky´s CPR indicates optimistic pooled results: sensitivity, 94.1% (95% CI, 89.7%–96.7%); negative likelihood ratio, 0.22 (95% CI, 0.12–0.40).ConclusionOn the basis of a critical appraisal of the 2 best validated CPRs, the presence of weight loss and/or fever in inpatients warrants obtaining a chest radiograph, regardless of the presence of productive cough. If the chest radiograph is abnormal, the patient should be placed in isolation until more specific test results are available. Validation in different settings is required to maximize external generalization of existing CPRs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–10
Efficacy of Alcohol Gel for Removal of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus from Hands of Colonized Patients
Authors: Sunkesula Venkata , Kundrapu Sirisha , Macinga David R. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: December 2014

Of 82 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, 67 (82%) had positive hand cultures for MRSA. A single application of alcohol gel (2 mL) consistently reduced the burden of MRSA on hands. However, incomplete removal of MRSA was common, particularly in those with a high baseline level of recovery.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0):1–3
Development and evaluation of an educational intervention in youth mental health for primary care practitioners
Authors: Birrane J. , Swan D. , Aherne D. , Davis R. , Hannigan A. , McPhillips D. , Meagher D. , O’Regan A. , Ryan P. , Schaffalitzky E. , Cullen W. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesIrish adolescents have one of the highest rates of suicide and self-harm in the European Union. Although primary care has been identified as an opportune environment in which to detect and treat mental health problems in adolescents, lack of training among primary care professionals (PCPs) is a barrier to optimum identification and treatment. We describe the development and evaluation of an educational intervention on youth mental health and substance misuse for PCPs.MethodsThirty general practitioners and other PCPs working in the Mid-West region participated in an educational session on youth-friendly consultations, and identification and treatment of mental ill-health and substance use. Learning objectives were addressed through a presentation, video demonstration, small group discussions, role play, question-and-answer sessions with clinical experts, and an information pack. Following the session, participants completed an evaluation form assessing knowledge gain and usefulness of different components of the session.ResultsA total of 71% of participants were involved in the provision of care to young people and 55% had no previous training in youth mental health or substance abuse. Participants rated knowledge gains as highest with regard to understanding the importance of early intervention, and primary care, in youth mental health. The components rated as most useful were case studies/small group discussion, the ‘question-and-answer session’ with clinical experts, and peer interaction.ConclusionsThe educational session outlined in this pilot was feasible and acceptable and may represent an effective way to train professionals to help tackle the current crisis in youth mental health.
Delivering recovery focused mental health care in Ireland: implications for services and practice development
Authors: Shah S. A. , Nolan M. , Ryan M. , Williams J. , Fannon D. 
Published: December 2014

IntroductionThe recovery approach provides a key organising principle underlying mental health policy throughout the English speaking world with endorsement by agencies such as the World Health Organisation. In Ireland, personal recovery is one of the quality markers identified by users of mental health services and has become central to national mental health policy.Aim and objectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the implications for mental health services and professional practice arising from a structured investigation of what personal recovery means for people using specialist mental health services and the extent to which services support their individual recovery.MethodTen service user participants in a service initiative were assessed using a novel measure based on an empirically based conceptual framework of recovery. The INSPIRE determines the level of recovery promoting support received from mental health staff and the quality of the supportive relationship as perceived by individual service users.ResultsA consistent pattern of beliefs about recovery in keeping with national guidelines and the international literature was apparent. All respondents indicated that support by other people was an important part of their recovery with high levels of support received from mental health professionals. There was less consistent endorsement of the quality of relationships with professionals and recovery-oriented practice as perceived by participants.ConclusionThe findings are highly relevant to the development of recovery focused, clinically excellent services. Further work is needed to improve the process of translating recovery guidance into mental health practice.