bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional hardening of Upper Cretaceous Chalk in eastern England, UK: trace element and stable isotope patterns in the Upper Cenomanian and Turonian Chalk and their significance
Authors: Jeans Christopher V. , Long Dee , Hu Xiu-Fang , Mortimore Rory N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe regional hardening of the Late Cenomanian to Early Turonian Chalk of the Northern Province of eastern England has been investigated by examining the pattern of trace elements and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in the bulk calcite of two extensive and stratigraphically adjacent units each 4 to 5 m thick of hard chalk in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. These units are separated by a sequence, 0.3-1.3 m thick, of variegated marls and clayey marls. Modelling of the geochemistry of the hard chalk by comparison with the Standard Louth Chalk, combined with associated petrographic and geological evidence, indicates that (1) the hardening is due to the precipitation of a calcite cement, and (2) the regional and stratigraphical patterns of geochemical variation in the cement are largely independent of each other and have been maintained by the impermeable nature of the thin sequence of the clay-rich marls that separate them. Two phases of calcite cementation are recognised. The first phase was microbially influenced and did not lithify the chalk. It took place predominantly in oxic and suboxic conditions under considerable overpressure in which the Chalk pore fluids circulated within the units, driven by variations in compaction, temperature, pore fluid pressure and local tectonics. There is evidence in central and southern Lincolnshire of the loss of Sr and Mgenriched pore fluids to the south during an early part of this phase. The second phase of calcite precipitation was associated with the loss of overpressure in probably Late Cretaceous and in Cenozoic times as the result of fault movement in the basement penetrating the overlying Chalk and damaging the seal between the two chalk units. This greatly enhanced grain pressures, resulting in grain welding and pressure dissolution, causing lithification with the development of stylolites, marl seams, and brittle fractures. Associated with this loss of overpressure was the penetration of the chalk units by allochthonous fluids, rich in sulphate and hydrocarbons, derived probably from the North Sea Basin. Microbial sulphate-reduction under anoxic conditions within these allochthonous fluids has been responsible for dissolving the fine-grained iron and manganese oxides within the chalk, locally enriching the Fe and Mn content of the calcite cement. The possibility is discussed that the pattern of cementation preserved in these regionally hard chalks of Late Cenomanian and Early Turonian age may be different from that preserved in the younger (late Turonian to Campanian) more basinal chalks of eastern England.
U-total Pb timing constraints on the emplacement of the granitoid pluton of Stolpen, Germany
Authors: Lisowiec Katarzyna , Budzyń Bartosz , Słaby Ewa , Schulz Bernhard , Renno Axel D. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Monazite from the Stolpen monzogranite (SE Germany) was studied to constrain the Th-U-total Pb age of pluton formation. Monazite grains demonstrate subtle to distinct patchy zoning related to slight compositional variations. Textural and compositional characteristics indicate that the monazite formed in a single magmatic event in a slightly heterogeneous system, and was only weakly affected by secondary alteration, which did not disturb the Th-U-Pb system. Chemical dating of the monazite gave a consistent age of 299 ± 1.7 Ma. The current study presents the first geochronological data for the Stolpen granite. It provides evidence that Stolpen is the youngest Variscan granitic intrusion in the Lusatian Granodiorite Complex and indicates that magmatic activity related to post-collisional extension in this region lasted at least 5my longer than previously assumed
Predictive Significance of Tissue Eosinophilia for Nasal Polyp Recurrence in the Chinese Population
Authors: Lou Hongfei , Meng Yifan , Piao Yingshi , Wang Chengshuo , Zhang Luo , Bachert Claus 
Published: July 2015

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains a challenging clinical entity with its propensity for recurrence. Tissue eosinophilia is a hallmark of CRSwNP, and its role in polyp recurrence is a subject of much investigation. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between clinical parameters, especially tissue eosinophilia and polyp recurrence, and to identify the optimal cutoff value of tissue eosinophilia as a predictor for polyp recurrence in Chinese subjects. Methods Overall, 387 patients with CRSwNP were enrolled in this retrospective analysis and postoperative follow-up for polyp recurrence was over a period that lasted >24 months (mean [standard deviation], 34.03 ± 4.95 months). The baseline demographic and clinical features and the preoperative computed tomography were compared, and mucosal specimens obtained at endoscopic sinus surgery were assessed for inflammatory cells by using histocytologic staining. Predictive factors associated with polyp recurrence were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and optimal cutoff points of the predictors were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden index. Results A total of 55.3% patients (214β87) experienced recurrence. Tissue eosinophilia markedly outweighed other parameters and correlated with polyp recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that a cutoff value of 27% tissue eosinophils predicted recurrence with 96.7% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity (area under the curve = 0.969; p < 0.001); and an absolute count of 55 eosinophils per high power field predicted recurrence with 87.4% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity (area under the curve = 0.969; p < 0.001). Conclusion A tissue eosinophil proportion of >27% of total cells or a tissue eosinophil absolute count of >55 eosinophils per high power field may act as a reliable prognostic indicator for nasal polyp recurrence within 2 years after surgery.
A Preliminary Investigation of Reversing RML: From an RDF dataset to its Column-Based data source
Authors: Allocca Carlo , Gougousis Alexandros 
Published: July 2015

A large percentage of scientific data with tabular structure are published on the Web of Data as interlinked RDF datasets. When we come to the issue of long-term preservation of such RDF-based digital objects, it is important to provide full support for reusing them in the future. In particular, it should include means for both players who have no familiarity with RDF data model and, at the same time, who by working only with the native format of the data still provide sufficient information. To achieve this, we need mechanisms to bring the data back to their original format and structure.
In this paper, we investigate how to perform the reverse process for column-based data sources. In particular, we devise an algorithm, RML2CSV, and exemplify its implementation in transforming an RDF dataset into its CSV tabular structure, through the use of the same RML mapping document that was used to generate the set of RDF triples. Through a set of content-based criteria, we attempt a comparative evaluation to measure the similarity between the rebuilt CSV and the original one. The results are promising and show that, under certain assumptions, RML2CSV reconstructs the same data with the same structure, offering more advanced digital preservation services.
IL-18 Is Involved in Eosinophil-Mediated Tumoricidal Activity against a Colon Carcinoma Cell Line by Upregulating LFA-1 and ICAM-1
Authors: Gatault Solène , Delbeke Marie , Driss Virginie , Sarazin Aurore , Dendooven Arnaud , Kahn Jean-Emmanuel , Lefèvre Guillaume , Capron Monique 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes that are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses through the expression of various receptors and mediators. Previously, we showed that human eosinophils and T cells shared cytotoxic activities against tumor cells that involved the γ-δ TCR and cell–cell contact. In this study, we investigated the molecules involved in eosinophil–tumor cell interactions. Given the role of IL-18 in cell adhesion and in protecting against colon cancer, we evaluated its role in eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity against Colo-205, a human colon carcinoma cell line. We found that human eosinophils exerted dose- and time-dependent tumoricidal activity against Colo-205 cells. Neutralization of IL-18 significantly reduced eosinophil-mediated Colo-205 apoptosis and inhibited cell–cell adhesion. Moreover, addition of rIL-18 led to upregulation of CD11a and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules, which were involved in the contact between eosinophils and Colo-205 cells. Our results indicated that IL-18 was involved in the eosinophil-mediated death of Colo-205 by facilitating contact between effector and target cells. These data underscored the involvement of an additional mediator in eosinophil-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity. Our findings support existing evidence that eosinophils could play a beneficial role in the context of colon cancer.
Cattle NK Cell Heterogeneity and the Influence of MHC Class I
Authors: Allan Alasdair J. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Gubbins Simon , Ellis Shirley A. , Hammond John A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Primate and rodent NK cells form highly heterogeneous lymphocyte populations owing to the differential expression of germline-encoded receptors. Many of these receptors are polymorphic and recognize equally polymorphic determinants of MHC class I. This diversity can lead to individuals carrying NK cells with different specificities. Cattle have an unusually diverse repertoire of NK cell receptor genes predicted to encode receptors that recognize MHC class I. To begin to examine whether this genetic diversity leads to a diverse NK cell population, we isolated peripheral NK cells from cattle with different MHC homozygous genotypes. Cytokine stimulation differentially influenced the transcription of five receptors at the cell population level. Using dilution cultures, we found that a further seven receptors were differentially transcribed, including five predicted to recognize MHC class I. Moreover, there was a statistically significant reduction in killer cell lectin-like receptor mRNA expression between cultures with different CD2 phenotypes and from animals with different MHC class I haplotypes. This finding confirms that cattle NK cells are a heterogeneous population and reveals that the receptors creating this diversity are influenced by the MHC. The importance of this heterogeneity will become clear as we learn more about the role of NK cells in cattle disease resistance and vaccination.
IL-15 Superagonist–Mediated Immunotoxicity: Role of NK Cells and IFN-γ
Authors: Guo Yin , Luan Liming , Rabacal Whitney , Bohannon Julia K. , Fensterheim Benjamin A. , Hernandez Antonio , Sherwood Edward R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
IL-15 is currently undergoing clinical trials to assess its efficacy for treatment of advanced cancers. The combination of IL-15 with soluble IL-15Rα generates a complex termed IL-15 superagonist (IL-15 SA) that possesses greater biological activity than IL-15 alone. IL-15 SA is considered an attractive antitumor and antiviral agent because of its ability to selectively expand NK and memory CD8+ T (mCD8+ T) lymphocytes. However, the adverse consequences of IL-15 SA treatment have not been defined. In this study, the effect of IL-15 SA on physiologic and immunologic functions of mice was evaluated. IL-15 SA caused dose- and time-dependent hypothermia, weight loss, liver injury, and mortality. NK (especially the proinflammatory NK subset), NKT, and mCD8+ T cells were preferentially expanded in spleen and liver upon IL-15 SA treatment. IL-15 SA caused NK cell activation as indicated by increased CD69 expression and IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B production, whereas NKT and mCD8+ T cells showed minimal, if any, activation. Cell depletion and adoptive transfer studies showed that the systemic toxicity of IL-15 SA was mediated by hyperproliferation of activated NK cells. Production of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ, but not TNF-α or perforin, was essential to IL-15 SA–induced immunotoxicity. The toxicity and immunological alterations shown in this study are comparable to those reported in recent clinical trials of IL-15 in patients with refractory cancers and advance current knowledge by providing mechanistic insights into IL-15 SA–mediated immunotoxicity.
The Inflammatory Caspases-1 and -11 Mediate the Pathogenesis of Dermatitis in Sharpin-Deficient Mice
Authors: Douglas Todd , Champagne Claudia , Morizot Alexandre , Lapointe Jean-Martin , Saleh Maya 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Chronic proliferative dermatitis in mice (cpdm) is a spontaneous multiorgan inflammatory disorder with pathological hallmarks similar to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in humans. Cpdm mice lack expression of SHANK-associated RH domain–interacting protein, an adaptor of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex, which acts in the NF-κB pathway to promote inflammation and protect from apoptosis and necroptosis. Although skin inflammation in cpdm mice is driven by TNF- and RIPK1-induced cell death, the contribution of initiating innate immunity sensors and additional inflammatory pathways remains poorly characterized. In this article, we show that inflammasome signaling, including the expression and activation of the inflammatory caspase-1 and -11 and IL-1 family cytokines, was highly upregulated in the skin of cpdm mice prior to overt disease onset. Genetic ablation of caspase-1 and -11 from cpdm mice significantly reduced skin inflammation and delayed disease onset, whereas systemic immunological disease persisted. Loss of Nlrp3 also attenuated skin disease, albeit more variably. Strikingly, induction of apoptosis and necroptosis effectors was sharply decreased in the absence of caspase-1 and -11. These results position the inflammasome as an important initiating signal in skin disease pathogenesis and provide novel insights about inflammasome and cell death effector cross-talk in the context of inflammatory diseases.
An integrated system for the complete segmentation of the common carotid artery bifurcation in ultrasound images
Authors: Loizou Christos P. , Pantziaris Marios 
Published: July 2015

The complete segmentation of the common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation in ultrasound images is important for the evaluation of atherosclerosis disease and the quantification of the risk of stroke. The current research work further evaluates and validates a semi-automated (SA) snake’s based segmentation system suitable for the complete segmentation of the CCA bifurcation in two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images. The proposed system semi-automatically estimates the intima-media thickness (IMT), the atherosclerotic carotid plaque borders and dimensions, the internal carotid artery (ICA) origin’s stenosis, the carotid diameter (D), as well as other geometric measurements of the atherosclerotic carotid plaque. The system was evaluated on 300 2D longitudinal ultrasound images of the CCA bifurcation with manual (M) segmentations available from a neurovascular expert. No statistical significant differences between all M and SA IMT, plaque and D segmentation measurements were found. In a future study, texture features extracted from the intima-media complex (IMC) may be used to separate subjects in high and low risk groups, which may develop a stroke. However, a larger scale study is required for evaluating the system before its application in the real clinical practice.
Modelling the health risks of exposure to respirable crystalline silica from hydraulic fracturing operations in the USA shale plays
Authors: Olawoyin Richard 
Published: July 2015

Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is a known human carcinogen and a contaminant of potential concern. Proppants are used during the process of well stimulation (hydraulic fracturing) as additives in the fluid cocktail and sand is often used as a proppant which contains high percentage of silica determined by the quartz content. Empirical occupational exposure risk models were employed in this study to assess the potential health consequences from chronic RCS exposures based on RCS data from NIOSH and risk assessment formulas. Evaluating the lifetime (LT) excess cancer risk (LCR) potential, based on a risk target of 105, the job titles that are likely to experience any substantial potential effect of cancer induction are the sand mover (LCR = 16.1 × 105) and transfer belt (LCR = 19.2 × 105) operators. The sand truck driver and data Van operators are among the job functions with a cumulative disease burden of 7.2% that are unlikely to be affected by < 2% carcinogenic disease burden. The chemical truck, sand mover and transfer belt (T-belt) operators may potentially be at risk of other occupational nonmalignant respiratory diseases with hazard quotient (HQ) of 0.65, 1.79, and 2.13 respectively. It is recommended that continuous occupational health monitoring of potentially exposed workers should be included as part of the project plan and the engineering risk controls that have been put in place should be ranked to highlight the effectiveness of any risk reduction/prevention methodology employed.
Making the Past Relevant
Authors: Bria Rebecca E. , Carranza Elizabeth K. Cruzado 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper outlines several outreach initiatives that the Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológico Regional Ancash (PIARA) established to address the challenges of heritage preservation at the prehistoric archaeological site and rural community of Hualcayán, located in rural highland Ancash, Peru. We discuss three projects—a heritage festival, a textile enterprise, and an oral history project—that were designed and executed through a collaboration between PIARA and the Hualcayán community. We find that these “co-creative” projects encourage local stakeholders to discover and define for themselves the value of both their ancient and modern heritage. Reflecting on the outcomes from these projects, we discuss the co-creative approach as an effective strategy for improving the preservation of archaeological remains and enhancing the livelihood of the modern community.
Co-Creation’s Role in Digital Public Archaeology
Authors: Bollwerk Elizabeth 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSimon (2010:187) notes that the purpose of co-creative community projects is “to give voice and be responsive to the needs and interests of local community members; to provide a place for community engagement and dialogue; and to help participants develop skills that will support their own individual and community goals.” This paper explores the role that co-creation currently plays in digital public archaeology and discusses how co-creative methods can inform broader archaeological digital engagement efforts. It begins by placing co-creation in its proper context in order to demonstrate its unique characteristics, its value, and how it complicates approaches used in other types of archaeological engagement projects, such as Open Access initiatives. The discussion then turns to evaluating its impact and the broader need to measure success in digital public engagement projects. A discussion of research from the archaeology and the cultural heritage sectors provides examples of evaluation metrics and methods for assessing digital public archaeology projects. The paper concludes by suggesting that all digital engagement projects can benefit from incorporating some of the principles that are inherently part of co-creative methods but that not all archaeological digital engagement projects should strive to be completely co-creative.
Building Capacity for Co-Created Digital Moviemaking through Youth Programs
Authors: Moyer Teresa S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Urban Archaeology Corps is a United States National Park Service (NPS) work program that invites youth to reflect on archaeological stewardship through digital media. Youth from communities surrounding urban national parks engage in interdisciplinary research, then create short digital movies and video diaries about their experiences. Emphasis is placed on connecting untold stories with the youth and local people. This paper is a case study in building capacity in youth programs for co-created archaeology work experiences and digital products that enable the NPS and the communities it serves to share in archaeological stewardship.
Turning Privies into Class Projects
Authors: Popetz Kimberley 
Published: July 2015

AbstractJefferson Patterson Park and Museum worked with a local high school class to conduct an analysis of artifacts from a nineteenth-century privy excavated more than 30 years ago. The project filled a specific request from the school system, which asked for help in creating an in-depth endeavor that would allow the students to develop new skills and expand their understanding of local history. For the Museum, it completed one small piece of a decades-old project and allowed us to live out our mission in a compelling way. Students and staff produced a community exhibit, posters, and the final research report on this feature. This paper explores the dynamic that empowers the co-creative process to construct not only a good end product but also demonstrable gains for those involved. It establishes that the strength of the co-creative process lies in the purposeful sharing of power and authority for the betterment of our community members.
Des conditions pour assumer la responsabilité d’élèves présentant des troubles du comportement et de l’apprentissage
Authors: Barry Valérie 
Published: July 2015

L’auteure analyse la façon dont différents professionnels de l’éducation envisagent leur rôle institutionnel, éducatif et pédagogique, alors qu’ils sont en responsabilité d’élèves présentant des troubles du comportement et de l’apprentissage. La recherche prend appui sur la retranscription d’entretiens réalisés auprès de ces professionnels. Il en ressort que les possibilités de réussite éducative qu’ils pointent reposent sur plusieurs facteurs conjugués : une approche anthropologique et psychosociale de la responsabilité, une posture professionnelle fondée sur des valeurs inconditionnelles, une approche dynamique des troubles manifestés par l’enfant, une conception écologique de la coresponsabilité.