bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium metal—A potential biomaterial with antibone cancer properties
Authors: Nan Ma , Yangmei Chen , Bangcheng Yang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractReactive oxygen plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many serious illnesses, including bony cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that hydrogen (H2), a selective antioxidant, can effectively scavenge free radicals. Biomedical magnesium (Mg) used for bone defect repair in the surgery of bony cancer could release H2 because of the degradation, so Mg might have the potential to prevent bony cancer from metastasis and recurrence. In this study, alkali‐heat treatment method was employed to modify the surface structure of Mg metal, so as to control the degradation of Mg metal and the H2 releasing rate. Then the released H2 was introduced to the Fenton Reaction system to detect its effect on scavenging free radicals. The modified Mg metal was employed as the substrate for bone cancer cell culture to study the effect of the H2 releasing on scavenging free radicals in the cells. It is found that the H2 released from the Mg degradation could scavenge free radicals both in the Fenton Reaction system and bone cancer cells. The effect on the scavenging free radical is proportional to the rate of H2 releasing. It suggested that Mg might be a potential material with anti‐bone cancer properties. It is hopeful to both repair the bone defect and prevent bony cancer from metastasis and recurrence for the bony cancer patients by biomedical Mg metal. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2644–2651, 2014.
Ozone and organic nitrates over the eastern United States: Sensitivity to isoprene chemistry
Authors: Mao Jingqiu , Paulot Fabien , Jacob Daniel J. , Cohen Ronald C. , Crounse John D. , Wennberg Paul O. , Keller Christoph A. , Hudman Rynda C. , Barkley Michael P. , Horowitz Larry W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe implement a new isoprene oxidation mechanism in a global 3‐D chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem). Model results are evaluated with observations for ozone, isoprene oxidation products, and related species from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation aircraft campaign over the eastern United States in summer 2004. The model achieves an unbiased simulation of ozone in the boundary layer and the free troposphere, reflecting canceling effects from recent model updates for isoprene chemistry, bromine chemistry, and HO2 loss to aerosols. Simulation of the ozone‐CO correlation is improved relative to previous versions of the model, and this is attributed to a lower and reversible yield of isoprene nitrates, increasing the ozone production efficiency per unit of nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2). The model successfully reproduces the observed concentrations of organic nitrates (∑ANs) and their correlations with HCHO and ozone. ∑ANs in the model is principally composed of secondary isoprene nitrates, including a major contribution from nighttime isoprene oxidation. The correlations of ∑ANs with HCHO and ozone then provide sensitive tests of isoprene chemistry and argue in particular against a fast isomerization channel for isoprene peroxy radicals. ∑ANs can provide an important reservoir for exporting NOx from the U.S. boundary layer. We find that the dependence of surface ozone on isoprene emission is positive throughout the U.S., even if NOx emissions are reduced by a factor of 4. Previous models showed negative dependences that we attribute to erroneous titration of OH by isoprene.
Nonsteady state carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems of China estimated by data assimilation
Authors: Zhou Tao , Shi Peijun , Jia Gensuo , Luo Yiqi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCarbon sequestration occurs only when terrestrial ecosystems are at nonsteady states. Despite of their ubiquity in the real world, the nonsteady states of ecosystems have not been well quantified, especially at regional and global scales. In this study, we developed a two‐step data assimilation scheme to estimate carbon sink strength in China's forest ecosystems. Specifically, the two‐step scheme consists of a steady state step and a nonsteady state step. In the steady state step, we constrained a process‐based model (Terrestrial Ecosystem Regional (TECO‐R) model) against biometric data (net primary production NPP, biomass, litter, and soil organic carbon) in mature forests. With a subset of the parameter values estimated from the steady state data assimilation being fixed, the nonsteady state data assimilation was performed to estimate carbon sequestration in China's forest ecosystems. Our results indicated that 17 out of the 22 total parameters in the TECO‐R model were well constrained by the biometric data with the steady state data assimilation. When observations from both mature and developing forests were used, all the 10 parameters related to carbon sequestration in vegetation and soil carbon pools were well constrained at the nonsteady state step. The estimated mean vegetation carbon sink in China's forests is 89.7 ± 16.8 gC m−2 yr−1, comparable with the values estimated from the forest inventory and other process‐based regional models. The estimated mean soil and litter carbon sinks in China's forests are 14.1 ± 20.7 and 4.7 ± 6.5 gC m−2 yr−1. This study demonstrated that a two‐step data assimilation scheme can be a potent tool to estimate regional carbon sequestration in nonsteady state ecosystems.
Spatial variability in sulphur isotope values of archaeological and modern cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Nehlich Olaf , Barrett James H. , Richards Michael P. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEThis study presents the first sulphur isotope data of modern and archaeological cod (Gadus morhua) bone collagen, undertaken to identify large‐scale spatial variability of significance as both baseline values for studies of human diet and a potential variable in isotope‐based studies of fish trading.METHODSCollagen was extracted from modern and archaeological cod bones using a weak HCl solution and analysed for its sulphur isotopic composition by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS).RESULTSThe archaeological cod have sulphur isotope values ranging from +9.1‰ to +18.2‰, whereas values for modern specimens range from +14.8‰ to +18.3‰. The modern data show values implying less freshwater influence, consistent with their offshore catch locations, but also corroborate some of the regional variability evident from the archaeological evidence.CONCLUSIONSThe archaeological data have a large range of sulphur isotope values compared with the modern populations, probably indicating they were taken from a wide range of geographic locations, including both coastal and offshore locales. They show broad trends of regional difference that may relate to both the fish populations targeted (e.g. 'inshore' versus 'offshore') and the baseline values of the local ecosystem (e.g. degree of freshwater input from river systems). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion mobility and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry strategies for exhaled breath condensate glucose quantitation in cystic fibrosis studies
Authors: Monge María Eugenia , Pérez José J. , Dwivedi Prabha , Zhou Manshui , McCarty Nael A. , Stecenko Arlene A. , Fernández Facundo M. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALECystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is an important complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) because it causes acceleration in the decline in lung function. Monitoring concentrations of key metabolites such as glucose in airway lining fluid is necessary for improving our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms linking diabetes and CF. Targeted‐metabolomic strategies for glucose quantitation in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from healthy individuals are presented.METHODSThree different electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS)‐based methods were developed for EBC sample interrogation and glucose quantitation without derivatization. Two methods utilized ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to either time‐of‐flight (TOF) MS or triple quadrupole (QqQ) tandem MS (MS/MS). A third approach involved direct‐infusion traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) with TOF‐MS detection. UHPLC/QqQ‐MS/MS was used for urea quantitation as the EBC dilution marker. Matrix effects were mitigated using isotopically labeled glucose and urea as internal standards.RESULTSAll the developed methods allowed glucose and urea quantitation in EBC with high accuracy and precision. The UHPLC/TOF‐MS and UHPLC/QqQ‐MS/MS methods provided similar analytical figures of merit. UHPLC/QqQ‐MS/MS provided the highest sensitivity and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5 nM in EBC for both glucose and urea. The TWIMS‐TOF‐MS‐based method provided the highest sample throughput capability; however, the glucose LOD was ~3‐fold higher than with the two chromatographic methods.CONCLUSIONSMass spectrometric methods for the quantitative analysis of trace EBC glucose levels are reported and compared for the first time. The analytical figures of merit demonstrate the applicability of these methods to metabolite analysis of airway samples for CF and CFRD research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of 3‐aminoquinoline‐derivatised isomeric oligogalacturonic acid by travelling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Jie‐Hong , Bakx Edwin J. , Gruppen Harry , Schols Henk A. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEMass spectrometry has become a useful technique for elucidating the chemical structures of oligosaccharides. The combined use of chromatography and mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of oligosaccharides has shown much progress in recent years. However, no powerful method has yet been developed to quickly identify isomeric oligosaccharides in complex mixtures.METHODSA rapid travelling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMS‐MS) method was developed for the identification of various isomeric oligogalacturonic acids in mixtures and determined their structures, using 3‐aminoquinoline (3‐AQ) as a labelling agent.RESULTSTWIMS successfully distinguished isomeric oligogalacturonic acids of various degrees of polymerisation (DPs) and levels of methyl‐esterification. After derivatisation by 3‐AQ, isomeric oligosaccharides of galacturonic acid, with the DP ranging from 2 to 9 and the number of methyl esters ranging from 1 to 5, were identified by 3‐AQ‐TWIMS‐MS. The isomeric oligosaccharides with varying sites of methyl ester substitution were identified by the post‐fragmentation mode of TWIMS using 3‐AQ labelling to obtain simplified mass spectra.CONCLUSIONSUsing the 3‐AQ‐TWIMS‐MS method, the precise distribution of methyl esters within the pectin molecule and isomeric oligogalacturonic acids after enzyme degradation was determined. Simplified product ion mass spectra and precise analysis of the isomers were achieved by labelling 3‐AQ at the reducing end of the oligosaccharides. Series of methyl‐esterified galacturonic acid oligomers have predictable drift times, depending on the precise position of the methyl ester. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New criterion for in situ, quick discrimination between traditionally maintained and artificially restored Japanese swords (katanas) by XRF spectroscopy
Authors: Castelli L. , Giuntini L. , Taccetti F. , Barzagli E. , Civita F. , Czelusniak C. , Fedi M. E. , Gelli N. , Grazzi F. , Mazzinghi A. , Palla L. , Romano F.P. , Mandò P. A. 
Published: September 2013

For the first time, a quick method to discriminate between undamaged, well‐maintained katanas and worn artificially restored blades is presented.The peculiar hardening process that a Japanese katana undergoes results in creation of a tempered martensitic phase near the blade edge. After the temper, traditional polishing with stones is performed, which gives the sword its final look: the hardened zone exhibits matte finish, and it is separated from the shinier zone by the hamon line, which is the most characteristic feature of a katana. If the sword is worn, the martensitic phase disappears and so does the hamon line, the sword losing most of its commercial value. However, an acid bath can simulate the matte texture of an undamaged martensitic structure, making it really difficult to recognize valuable blades from worn ones. So far, no analytical approach helping in this task was available. The method we present is based on the hypothesis that traditional polishing leaves a very tiny amount of stone dust on the blade, whereas the acid bath rinses it away. The presence on the blade surface of Si (the major component of the stones used for polishing) when the hamon line is clearly visible could thus be a reasonable marker indicating that the blade is maintaining its original martensitic structure and thus is in a good conservation state.For the Si detection, X‐ray fluorescence technique was chosen, which ensures non‐destructivity, high sensitivity, and short measurement time with a portable instrument. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keimbildungs‐ und Kristallisationskinetik eines MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐Grundglases bei unterschiedlichen Dotierungen
Authors: Vogel Werner , Höland Wolfram 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIm Jahre 1958 wurde am Beispiel eigener Forschungsergebnisse vom erstgenannten Autor dieses Artikels erstmalig die Meinung vertreten, daß die aufgefundenen Mikrophasentrennungserscheinungen in den meisten Gläsern partiell vorkristalline Zustände darstellen, welche eine Hauptvoraussetzung für eine gesteuerte Kristallisation im Glase sind (Symposium „Sur la Fusion du Verre”︁, 6.–10. Okt. 1958 in Brüssel [1]).Zwei Jahre später erging eine Einladung der American Ceramic Society, anläßlich eines im Rahmen ihrer Jahrestagung im April 1961 stattfindenden Symposiums „Nucleation and Crystallization in Glasses and Melts”︁ diese unsere Ergebnisse zusammenfassend darzustellen [2]. Der deutsche Originaltext wurde 1962 auch in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlicht [3]. 20 Jahre nach dem 1961 stattgefundenen und für die gesamte Glaskeramikforschung der Welt so bedeutungsvollen Symposiums wurde das Symposium unter dem gleichen Titel 1981 wiederholt. Die seitens der American Ceramic Society erneut ergangene Einladung enthielt die Bitte, unsere eigenen Beiträge zur Glaskeramikforschung der letzten 10 Jahre zusammenfassend darzustellen [4]. Die folgende Veröffentlichung stellt wiederum den deutschen Originaltext von [4] dar. Während die erste Veröffentlichung 1961 [2], [3] entscheidende neue Grundlagenerkenntnisse enthielt, spiegelt die Veröffentlichung 1981 [4] bzw. in diesem Heft die technische Nutzung der erzielten Grundlagenerkenntnisse für die gezielte Glaskeramikentwicklung wider.
The effect of midwifery care on rates of cesarean delivery
Authors: Lawton Beverley A. , Koch Abby , Stanley James , Geller Stacie E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether changing to a midwifery‐led maternity service model was associated with a lower national rate of cesarean delivery.MethodsWe analyzed trends in the rate of cesarean delivery per 1000 live births between 1996 and 2010 in New Zealand. Estimates of relative increases in rate were calculated via Poisson regression for several maternal age groups over the study period.ResultsRates of cesarean delivery increased over the study period, from 156.9 per 1000 live births in 1996 to 235 per 1000 in 2010: a crude increase of 49.8%. Increasing trends were apparent in each age group, with the largest increases occurring before 2003 and relatively stable rates in the subsequent period. The smoothed estimate showed that the increase in cesarean rate across all age groups was 43.7% (95% confidence interval, 41.6–45.8) over the 15‐year period.ConclusionA national midwifery‐led care model was not associated with a decreased rate of cesarean delivery but, instead, with an increase similar to that in other high‐resource countries. This indicates that other factors may account for the increase. Further research is needed to examine maternity outcomes associated with different models of maternity care.
Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of HIV‐positive women diagnosed with invasive cancer of the cervix in Kenya
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Cohen Craig R. , Maloba May , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Huchko Megan J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and assess access to, and outcomes of, treatment for ICC among HIV‐infected women in Kisumu, Kenya.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review to identify women diagnosed with ICC between October 2007 and June 2012, and to examine the impact of a change in the referral protocol. Prior to June 2009, all women with ICC were referred to a regional hospital. After this date, women with stage IA1 disease were offered treatment with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in‐clinic.ResultsOf 4308 women screened, 58 (1.3%) were diagnosed with ICC. The mean age at diagnosis was 34 years (range, 22–50 years). Fifty‐four (93.1%) women had stage IA1 disease, of whom 36 (66.7%) underwent LEEP, 7 (12.9%) had a total abdominal hysterectomy, and 11 (20.4%) had unknown or no treatment. At 6, 12, and 24 months after LEEP, 8.0% (2/25), 25.0% (6/24), and 41.2% (7/17) of women had a recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse, respectively.ConclusionMost HIV‐positive women diagnosed with ICC through screening had early‐stage disease. The introduction of LEEP in‐clinic increased access to treatment; however, recurrence was high, indicating the need for continued surveillance.
Design of a comprehensive Alzheimer's disease clinic and research center in Spain to meet critical patient and family needs
Authors: Boada Mercè , Tárraga Lluís , Hernández Isabel , Valero Sergi , Alegret Montserrat , Ruiz Agustín , Lopez Oscar L. , Becker James T. ,   Fundació ACE Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectivesAlzheimer's disease (AD) affects people worldwide, and the prevalence is increasing as the population ages. There is an international effort to understand the biology of AD to develop primary and secondary prevention strategies, and to develop effective therapeutic interventions for individuals who are already symptomatic. One of the critically important pieces of all national plans to address AD is the call for the development of service models to deliver quality, effective care based on the best evidence available.MethodsWe describe one type of care model developed by the Fundacio ACE, Institut Catala de Neurociencies Aplicades (Fundacio ACE, Barcelona, Spain) that integrates diagnosis, therapy, follow‐up care, daycare, and a day hospital, and does so in the context of an active clinical research and educational program.ResultsThere were 13,048 individuals newly evaluated and diagnosed in Fundacio ACE between 1996 and 2011. Of these, 6132 had AD (47.0%), 3871 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (29.7%), and 1958 had no cognitive impairment (15.0%). Follow‐up information is available on 4735 (47.3%) AD and MCI patients, and these data indicate that MCI develops into dementia at a rate of 222.6/1000 person‐years. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping was available in 22.4% of the patients. The ε4 allele occurred in 45.7% of the AD patients, in 37.8% of the MCI subjects, and in 31.6% of those without cognitive impairment.ConclusionsFundació ACE can serve as a model system that can be adapted to other settings within their specific cultural, governmental, and legal constraints.
Low testosterone and the risk of dementia in elderly men: Impact of age and education
Authors: Carcaillon Laure , Brailly‐Tabard Sylvie , Ancelin Marie‐Laure , Tzourio Christophe , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Dartigues Jean‐François , Guiochon‐Mantel Anne , Scarabin Pierre‐Yves 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the association of plasma estradiol and testosterone with risk for dementia in elderly men.MethodsWithin the population based Three‐City study, including 3650 men age 65 years and older, a case–cohort design was set up after 4‐years of follow‐up. Baseline plasma levels of total 17‐β estradiol (Total‐E2), total testosterone (total‐T) and bioavailable testosterone (bio‐T) were measured for all cases of incident dementia (n = 105) and for a random sample of the cohort (n = 413). Cox regression models were used to estimate multivariate steroid sex hormone‐associated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of dementia.ResultsThere was a reverse J‐shaped relationship between total‐T and risk for dementia (P = .007). Compared with the median tertile, the HRs associated with total‐T in the lower and upper tertile were increased (HR, 2.33; P = .026; HR, 1.9, P = .126; respectively). Low bio‐T was associated with a greater risk for dementia (HR for one standard deviation of decreasing log(bio‐T), 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.62). An interaction was found between bio‐T and age (P < .0001), and bio‐T and education (P = .044). Risk for dementia associated with low bio‐T was greater in older men (80 years or older) than in younger men (younger than 80 years; HR, 3.11; P = .011 vs. HR, 1.07, P = .715, respectively) and in men with high level of education compared with those with low level of education (HR, 2.32; P = .0002 vs. HR, 0.95; P = .790, respectively). No significant association was found between Total‐E2 and dementia.ConclusionsLow levels of testosterone are associated with a risk for dementia in elderly men. The association between low bio‐T and dementia may be more relevant to men 80 years or older and men with a high level of education.
Comparison between laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy: Surgical, oncologic, and functional outcomes
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Wang Ping , Xia Dan , Lou Yang‐Feng , Pan Hua‐Feng , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe surgical, oncologic, and functional outcomes were retrospectively compared of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) for the treatment of renal masses. Between January 2006 and November 2011, 115 LPNs and 97 OPNs were performed. The patients' demographics were matched. Their intraoperative and postoperative data, oncologic and renal function outcomes were compared. Surgical time, renal arterial occlusion time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospitalization days were shorter in the LPN group (p < 0.01). The total complications were comparable; however, LPN had a higher intraoperative complication due to 12 subcutaneous emphysemas. The LPN group was followed up with a mean time of 29.3 ± 14.4 months and the OPN group with a mean time of 31.2 ± 12.6 months. All patients survived and no distant relapse or metastasis were observed. Kaplan–Meier estimates of 60‐month local recurrence‐free survival were comparable with 92.4% after LPN and 93.8% after OPN, respectively (p = 0.57). The reduction of glomerular filtration rate was more obvious after LPN at the 3‐month follow‐up (p < 0.01), but similar between the two groups at the 30.2‐month follow‐up. LPN provides similar results in oncologic and functional outcomes when compared to OPN. Long‐term observations are still required to the oncologic and function outcomes.