bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: A population-based study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on benzodiazepine use among children and young adults
Authors: Antoniou Tony , Pajer Kathleen , Gardner William , Penner Melanie , Lunsky Yona , McCormack Daniel , Tadrous Mina , Mamdani Muhammad , Gozdyra Peter , Juurlink David N. , Gomes Tara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in the prevalence of depression and anxiety among children and young adults. We studied whether the pandemic was associated with changes in prescription benzodiazepine use. We conducted a population-based study of benzodiazepine dispensing to children and young adults ≤ 24 years old between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2022. We used structural break analyses to identify the pandemic month(s) when changes in prescription benzodiazepine dispensing occurred, and interrupted time series models to quantify changes in dispensing following the structural break and compare observed and expected benzodiazepine use. A structural break occurs where there is a sudden change in the trend of a time series. We observed an immediate decline in benzodiazepine dispensing of 23.6 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -33.6 to -21.2) associated with a structural break in April 2020, followed by a monthly decrease in the trend of 0.3 per 100,000 (95% CI: -0.74 to 0.14). Lower than expected benzodiazepine dispensing rates were observed each month of the pandemic from April 2020 onward, with relative percent differences ranging from − 7.4% (95% CI: -10.1% to – 4.7%) to -20.9% (95% CI: -23.2% to -18.6%). Results were generally similar in analyses stratified by sex, age, neighbourhood income quintile, and urban versus rural residence. Further research is required to understand the clinical implications of these findings and whether these trends were sustained with further follow-up.
Efficiently reconfiguring a connected swarm of labeled robots
Authors: Fekete Sándor P. , Kramer Peter , Rieck Christian , Scheffer Christian , Schmidt Arne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen considering motion planning for a swarm of n labeled robots, we need to rearrange a given start configuration into a desired target configuration via a sequence of parallel, collision-free moves. The objective is to reach the new configuration in a minimum amount of time. Problems of this type have been considered before, with recent notable results achieving constant stretch for parallel reconfiguration: If mapping the start configuration to the target configuration requires a maximum Manhattan distance of d, the total duration of an overall schedule can be bounded to $$\mathcal {O}(d)$$

O
(
d
)

, which is optimal up to constant factors. An important constraint for coordinated reconfiguration is to keep the swarm connected after each time step. In previous work, constant stretch could only be achieved if disconnected reconfiguration is allowed, or for scaled configurations of unlabeled robots; on the other hand, the existence of non-constant lower bounds on the stretch factor was unknown. We resolve these major open problems by (1) establishing a lower bound of $$\Omega (\sqrt{n})$$

Ω
(

n

)

for connected, labeled reconfiguration and, most importantly, by (2) proving that for scaled arrangements, constant stretch for connected, labeled reconfiguration can be achieved. In addition, we show that (3) it is -complete to decide whether a makespan of 2 can be achieved, while it is possible to check in polynomial time whether a schedule of makespan 1 exists.
Multi-cycle Direct Numerical Simulations of a Laboratory Scale Engine: Evolution of Boundary Layers and Wall Heat Flux
Authors: Danciu Bogdan A. , Giannakopoulos George K. , Bode Mathis , Frouzakis Christos E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMulti-cycle direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a laboratory-scale engine at technically relevant engine speeds (1500 and 2500 rpm) are performed to investigate the transient velocity and thermal boundary layers (BL) as well as the wall heat flux during the compression stroke under motored operation. The time-varying wall-bounded flow is characterized by a large-scale tumble vortex, which generates vortical structures as the flow rolls off the cylinder wall. The bulk flow is found to strongly affect the development of the BL profiles, especially at higher engine speeds. As a result, the large-scale flow structures lead to alternating pressure gradients near the wall, invalidating the flow equilibrium assumptions used in typical wall modeling approaches. The thickness of the velocity BL and of the viscous sublayer was found to scale inversely with engine speed and crank angle. The thermal BL thickness also scales inversely with engine speed but increases with in-cylinder temperature. In contrast, thermal displacement thickness, which is sometimes used as a proxy for thermal BL thickness, was found to decrease with increasing temperature in the bulk. Examination of the heat flux distribution revealed areas of increased heat flux, particularly at places characterized by strong flow directed towards the wall. In addition, significant cyclic variations in the surface-averaged wall heat flux were observed for both engine speeds. An analysis of the cyclic tumble ratio revealed that the cycles with lower tumble ratio values near top dead center (TDC), indicative of an earlier tumble breakdown, also exhibit higher surface averaged wall heat fluxes. These findings extend previous numerical and experimental results for the evolution of BL structure during the compression stroke and serve as an important step for future engine simulations under realistic operating conditions.
TNF-α and RPLP0 drive the apoptosis of endothelial cells and increase susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: Ge Yi-Ling , Li Pei-Jie , Bu Ying-Rui , Zhang Bin , Xu Jin , He Si-Yuan , Cao Qing-Lin , Bai Yun-Gang , Ma Jin , Zhang Lin , Zhou Jie , Xie Man-Jiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a fatal threat for sojourners who ascend rapidly without sufficient acclimatization. Acclimatized sojourners and adapted natives are both insensitive to HAPE but have different physiological traits and molecular bases. In this study, based on GSE52209, the gene expression profiles of HAPE patients were compared with those of acclimatized sojourners and adapted natives, with the common and divergent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their hub genes identified, respectively. Bioinformatic methodologies for functional enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, diagnostic model construction, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis and drug prediction were performed to detect potential biological functions and molecular mechanisms. Next, an array of in vivo experiments in a HAPE rat model and in vitro experiments in HUVECs were conducted to verify the results of the bioinformatic analysis. The enriched pathways of DEGs and immune landscapes for HAPE were significantly different between sojourners and natives, and the common DEGs were enriched mainly in the pathways of development and immunity. Nomograms revealed that the upregulation of TNF-α and downregulation of RPLP0 exhibited high diagnostic efficiency for HAPE in both sojourners and natives, which was further validated in the HAPE rat model. The addition of TNF-α and RPLP0 knockdown activated apoptosis signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and enhanced endothelial permeability. In conclusion, TNF-α and RPLP0 are shared biomarkers and molecular bases for HAPE susceptibility during the acclimatization/adaptation/maladaptation processes in sojourners and natives, inspiring new ideas for predicting and treating HAPE.
Natural selection requires no teleology in addition to heritable variation in fitness
Authors: Cofnas Nathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccording to the standard formulation, natural selection requires variation, differential fitness, and heritability. I argue that this formulation is inadequate because it fails to distinguish natural selection from artificial selection, intelligent design, forward-looking orthogenetic selection, and adaptation via the selection of nonrandom variation. I suggest adding a no teleology condition. The no teleology condition says that the evolutionary process is not guided toward an endpoint represented in the mind of an agent, variation is produced randomly with respect to adaptation, and selection pressures are not forward looking.
Antitumorigenic potential of Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles: p53 succinylation and glycolytic reprogramming in intestinal epithelial cells via SIRT5 modulation
Authors: Zhang Jingbo , Huang Xiumei , Zhang Tingting , Gu Chongqi , Zuo Wei , Fu Lijuan , Dong Yiping , Liu Hao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
Colorectal cancer progression involves complex cellular mechanisms. This study examines the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum-derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) on the SIRT5/p53 axis, focusing on glycolytic metabolic reprogramming and abnormal proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells.

Methods
LEVs were isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum and incubated with Caco-2 cells. Differential gene expression was analyzed through RNA sequencing and compared with TCGA-COAD data. Key target genes and pathways were identified using PPI network and pathway enrichment analysis. Various assays, including RT-qPCR, EdU staining, colony formation, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, were used to assess gene expression, cell proliferation, and metabolic changes. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between SIRT5 and p53, and animal models were employed to validate in vivo effects.

Results
Bioinformatics analysis indicated the SIRT5/p53 axis as a critical pathway in LEVs' modulation of colorectal cancer. LEVs were found to inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation and glycolytic metabolism by downregulating SIRT5, influencing p53 desuccinylation. In vivo, LEVs regulated this axis, reducing tumor formation in mice. Clinical sample analysis showed that SIRT5 and p53 succinylation levels correlated with patient prognosis.

Conclusion
Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles play a pivotal role in suppressing colonic tumor formation by modulating the SIRT5/p53 axis. This results in decreased glycolytic metabolic reprogramming and reduced proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells.
Effects of Internal, External, and Neutral Attentional Allocation on Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety
Authors: Adamis Alexandra M. , Jessup Sarah C. , Olatunji Bunmi O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Excessive attentional allocation towards threats has been theorized to play a maintaining role in social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, it is unclear if both heightened attentional focus towards internal threats (i.e., interoceptive signals of anxiety) and external threats (i.e., negative social-evaluative cues) are pathogenic. Further, evidence for the causal pathways by which biased attention maintains SAD is limited. The present study tested the effects of experimentally induced internally and externally oriented attention towards threats relative to a neutral control on state anxiety and post-event processing (PEP) in a highly socially anxious sample.

Methods
During an impromptu speech task, participants (N = 123) were randomized to allocating their attention to their own thoughts, actions, or body sensations (internal condition; n = 41), to an audience member’s reactions and evaluations (external condition; n = 42), or to a neutral object (control condition; n = 40). State anxiety and PEP were assessed immediately following the speech and 24 h later.

Results
Although no differences between the control condition and the external and internal conditions were observed, participants in the internal condition reported significantly higher state anxiety immediately after the speech and higher PEP 24 h later compared to the external condition. State anxiety immediately after the speech mediated heightened PEP 24 h later among the internal condition compared to the external condition.

Conclusions
Findings support the theorized maladaptive role of self-focused attention in the maintenance of SAD and suggest that attending internally may be more harmful than attending externally, despite the presence of socio-evaluative threats in the environment.
Discord-based counterfactual explanations for time series classification
Authors: Bahri Omar , Li Peiyu , Filali Boubrahimi Soukaina , Hamdi Shah Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe opacity inherent in machine learning models presents a significant hindrance to their widespread incorporation into decision-making processes. To address this challenge and foster trust among stakeholders while ensuring decision fairness, the data mining community has been actively advancing the explainable artificial intelligence paradigm. This paper contributes to the evolving field by focusing on counterfactual generation for time series classification models, a domain where research is relatively scarce. We develop, a post-hoc, model agnostic counterfactual explanation algorithm that leverages the Matrix Profile to map time series discords to their nearest neighbors in a target sequence and use this mapping to generate new counterfactual instances. To our knowledge, this is the first effort towards the use of time series discords for counterfactual explanations. We evaluate our algorithm on the University of California Riverside and University of East Anglia archives and compare it to three state-of-the-art univariate and multivariate methods.
Nontrivial t-designs in polar spaces exist for all t
Authors: Weiß Charlene 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA finite classical polar space of rank n consists of the totally isotropic subspaces of a finite vector space over $$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

equipped with a nondegenerate form such that n is the maximal dimension of such a subspace. A t-$$(n,k,\lambda )$$

(
n
,
k
,
λ
)

design in a finite classical polar space of rank n is a collection Y of totally isotropic k-spaces such that each totally isotropic t-space is contained in exactly $$\lambda $$
λ
members of Y. Nontrivial examples are currently only known for $$t\le 2$$

t
≤
2

. We show that t-$$(n,k,\lambda )$$

(
n
,
k
,
λ
)

designs in polar spaces exist for all t and q provided that $$k>\frac{21}{2}t$$

k
>

21
2

t

and n is sufficiently large enough. The proof is based on a probabilistic method by Kuperberg, Lovett, and Peled, and it is thus nonconstructive.
Examining the impact of ecological deficit on life expectancy in GCC countries: a nonlinear panel data investigation
Authors: Jarallah Shaif , Wirayuda Anak Agung Bagus , Alsamara Mouyad , Barkat Karim , Al-Mahrezi Abdulaziz , Chan Moon Fai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have witnessed remarkable economic growth over recent decades. Arguably, this progress of these major oil and natural gas producers has come to the detriment of the environment in terms of increased CO2 emissions and associated ecological degradation. The effects of these high emissions and environmental challenges on human health, specifically life expectancy (LE), have not been thoroughly explored in the literature. We aim to fill this research gap by assessing the relationship between Ecological footprint deficiency and the diverse and context-specific factors affecting LE in the GCC, highlighting the critical roles of urbanization, economic indicators, and digitization in shaping health outcomes. The study employs panel data for the 2000–2020 period. It utilizes linear and non-linear panel estimation methods to analyze these variables’ long-term and short-term effects. Specifically, we run unit root tests, cointegration analysis to validate our datasets, and OLS, ARDL, and panel threshold regressions to examine said relationships. Our findings reveal a significant relationship between ecological footprint and LE across the GCC countries. The results indicate that a higher ecological deficit is associated with lower LE in our sampled nations. Meanwhile, our panel threshold results highlight more nuanced impacts of our variables of interest, revealing significant threshold effects and intricate dynamics influencing LE. Our results are robust when substituting CO2 emissions for the ecological footprint suggesting and supporting our evidence for a more complex, potentially nonlinear relationship. Our study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable environmental policies to mitigate health risks and promote long-term well-being in the GCC region. Nuanced approaches are needed to address each GCC country's health and environmental challenges.
Influence of BaTiO3 substitution on structural and thermal response of lead borosilicate glass for ultrasonic applications
Authors: Salah M. , Moustafa El Sayed , Showahy A. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn extensive examination of the impact of BaTiO3doping on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of lead-borosilicate glasses is provided in this work. The glass density increases noticeably (from 6020 for BaTiO3to 2533 kg/m3for SiO2), and the molar volume decreases, suggesting a denser and more compact structural arrangement. The mechanical properties exhibited a notable improvement upon the addition of BaTiO3. Specifically, the longitudinal ultrasonic velocity (VL) increased from 3927 to 4458 m/s, and the shear velocity (VS) increased from 2317 to 2630 m/s, indicating a reinforced glass network. The bulk modulus increased from 35.71 to 58.06 GPa, and Young’s modulus increased from 57.2 to 92.98 GPa. These significant increases in elastic moduli were attributed to tighter atom packing and higher levels of cross-linking within the glass matrix. Furthermore, the glass structure’s increased rigidity and connectedness were further indicated by the Debye temperature (θD), which increased from 296.8 to 347.3 K. The influence of BaTiO3on the thermal analysis is demonstrated, which revealed that increasing BaTiO3content raises both the glass transition and crystallization temperatures. The results of the experiment demonstrate how much BaTiO3doping can improve the physical characteristics of lead-borosilicate glasses, enabling them to be used in sophisticated optical and structural applications.
On the complexity of minimum maximal acyclic matchings
Authors: Chaudhary Juhi , Mishra Sounaka , Panda B. S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLow-Acy-Matching asks to find a maximal matching M in a given graph G of minimum cardinality such that the set of M-saturated vertices induces an acyclic subgraph in G. The decision version of Low-Acy-Matching is known to be $${\textsf{NP}}$$
NP
-complete. In this paper, we strengthen this result by proving that the decision version of Low-Acy-Matching remains $${\textsf{NP}}$$
NP
-complete for bipartite graphs with maximum degree 6 and planar perfect elimination bipartite graphs. We also show the hardness difference between Low-Acy-Matching and Max-Acy-Matching. Furthermore, we prove that, even for bipartite graphs, Low-Acy-Matching cannot be approximated within a ratio of $$n^{1-\epsilon }$$

n

1
-
ϵ

for any $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

unless $${\textsf{P}}={\textsf{NP}}$$

P
=
NP

. Finally, we establish that Low-Acy-Matching exhibits $$\textsf{APX}$$
APX
-hardness when restricted to 4-regular graphs.
Investigate-Design-Practice-Reflect: An Iterative Community-Engaged Action Process to Improve Population Health
Authors: Rosen Marisa S. , Rogers Ann E. , J. Von Seggern Mary , Grimm Brandon L. , Ramos Athena K. , Schenkelberg Michaela A. , Idoate Regina E. , Dzewaltowski David A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Community-based coalitions are a common strategy for community engagement efforts targeting the improvement of a variety of population health outcomes. The typical processes that coalitions follow to organize efforts include steps that are sequential, slow, and time intensive. These processes also limit local decision-making to the selection of evidence-based policies or programs.

Methods
We present a process control theory-based Community Action Process, Investigate-Design-Practice-Reflect (IDPR), where community hubs (i.e., coalitions) organize agile efforts in a non-sequential, rapid, and efficient manner to harness local assets and data to make decisions regarding the provision and production of population health services. Using qualitative methods, we illustrate and analyze the use of IDPR in a one community case study as part of Wellscapes, a Type 3-hybrid implementation-effectiveness community randomized controlled trial to improve children’s population health physical activity.

Results
We found community members followed the IDPR Community Action Process to rapidly design, organize, deliver, and receive feedback on a community-based, children’s population physical activity prototype, an afterschool Play-in-the-Park opportunity for all children.

Discussion
Following IDPR afforded the community coalition timely learning through feedback within a process that coordinated decisions regarding what community services met community needs (provision decisions) and how to organize the production of the population health services (production decisions).
Uncovering habitat associations and thresholds—insights for managing breeding waterfowl in Eastern Canada
Authors: Frei Barbara , Cox Amelia R. , Brown Andrea , Dyson Matthew E. , Meyer Shawn , Hanson Alan , Hick Kristina , Gilliland Scott G. , Lepage Christine , Tétreault Mathieu , Roy Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Context
Understanding how habitat influences species abundance is crucial in developing ecologically sound wildlife conservation management plans. Exploring habitat associations and ecological thresholds in species’ responses allows for better conservation and management on a landscape-scale.

Objectives
This work aimed to identify habitat drivers and response thresholds of waterfowl and waterbird species’ densities in eastern Canada to support key landscape-level decisions for habitat conservation and wetland management.

Methods
We developed predictive abundance models for 17 species across eastern Canada from 2001 to 2015 using data from four regional surveys and identified areas where prioritizing enhancement of wetlands would increase the breeding density of five priority waterfowl species.

Results
Habitat associations and spatial abundance patterns varied across species, but most species responded strongly to forest composition, agriculture, and wetland features. Threshold effects occurred and varied among species, yet generally once 14% of a plot was covered in wetlands, positive effects of increased wetland diminished for most species. Our results allow for the targeting of investments in increasing wetland area along portions of eastern Canada that provide the best opportunities to increase breeding densities for priority waterfowl species.

Conclusions
Understanding species-habitat associations and response thresholds allows for landscape management and planning and prioritization of limited resources. We suggest that management and wetland enhancement efforts for waterfowl in eastern Canada should be guided by predictive models and response thresholds of key habitat attributes to best prioritize actions that will have the biggest positive impact on multiple species.