bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusive versus exclusive learning: the secret ingredient to creating a truly “lean” and “learning” culture
Authors: Ballé Michael , Chaize Jacques , Jones Daniel 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is a first-hand study of lean improvement programs that has led the authors to distinguish two different forms of learning intent: exclusive learning versus inclusive learning. These two forms of learning reflect two different attitudes to learning. With exclusive learning, the executives expect to learn by themselves and then apply this learning to the organization – and then reap the benefits. With inclusive learning, the executives intend to learn with others and from their own learning efforts – and share the benefits. The authors argue that these learning attitudes account for a large part of the difference between the success and failure of lean initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on over 25 years of research studying Toyota – where the term “lean” was first used to describe their particular way of working – together with working with hundreds of other organizations around the world across all sectors.

Findings
– To implement a lean strategy that brings long-term, effective change requires senior executives to start with their own personal learning journey and to create an inclusive learning culture within their organization.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a succinct summary of how a different mindset is required from senior executives if they are to create and implement a truly lean strategy for their organization. Their behaviors enable or inhibit what the authors describe as an “inclusive” learning environment which will create and maintain a sustainable shift to a lean culture.
The impact of an integrated medical leadership programme
Authors: Agius Steven J. , Brockbank Amy , Baron Rebecca , Farook Saleem , Hayden Jacky 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of an integrated Medical Leadership Programme (MLP) on a cohort of participating specialty doctors and the NHS services with which they were engaged.Design/methodology/approach– This was a qualitative study designed to obtain rich textual data on a novel training intervention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participating MLP trainees at fixed points throughout the programme in order to capture their experiences. Resulting data were triangulated with data from extant documentation, including trainees’ progress reports and summaries of achievements. Recurring discourses and themes were identified using a framework thematic analysis.Findings– Evidence of the positive impact upon trainees and NHS services was identified, along with challenges. Evidence of impact across all the domains within the national Medical Leadership Competency Framework was also identified, including demonstrating personal qualities, working with others, managing services, improving services and setting direction.Research limitations/implications– Data were drawn from interviews with a small population of trainees undertaking a pilot MLP in a single deanery, so there are inevitable limitations for generalisability in the quantitative sense. Whilst the pilot trainees were a self-selected group, it was a group of mixed origin and ability.Practical implications– The study has provided valuable lessons for the design of future leadership programmes aimed at doctors in training.Originality/value– Identifying the effectiveness of an innovative model of delivery with regard to the Medical Leadership Curriculum may assist with medical staff engagement and support health service improvements to benefit patient care.
Production of entrepreneurship in small business activities of students
Authors: Järvi Taina 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The importance of entrepreneurship education and the lack of studies at the vocational level, have created a need to develop a model of entrepreneurship learning. The purpose of this paper is to determine what vocational college students learn about entrepreneurship from working in a small enterprise, how they learn it and what role the teacher has in the learning process.Design/methodology/approach– The data used are drawn from discussions between eight students (aged 16-18), where they assessed and developed their business activities conducted over the course of a year. Using qualitative data collection and analysis methods, content connected with entrepreneurship was examined to provide information about activities they undertook and how the learning process occurred.Findings– The findings indicate that learning in a small enterprise is a continuous process, where content, activities and process are intertwined. The core of learning is reflection-in-action, to develop entrepreneurial skills and behaviour.Practical implications– This paper may offer a means of applying a small business learning model to entrepreneurship learning. The results can benefit teachers planning entrepreneurship learning.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the understanding of student learning in small enterprises by empirically examining what learning takes place and how.
The composition of employment in new innovative firms
Authors: Lautenschläger Arndt 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The paper explores the composition of employment in new innovative firms. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the mixture of job positions at the firm level measured by employees’ occupational position, their qualification and specialisation, as well as their origin. As there is little known about the structure and quality of employment in new firms, insights are helpful for policymakers who are engaged in regional development and job creation.Design/methodology/approach– The database used for analysis comes from an interdisciplinary study on human-related success factors of business start-ups in the German state of Thuringia. Data were collected by means of 399 face-to-face interviews with the sole founder or the leading entrepreneur of a start-up firm. The findings are based on a multivariate data analysis using regression models.Findings– The results indicate that temporary employment is more likely inherent in fast growing firms. Academic spin-offs prefer to hire people with a university education and scientific background. Furthermore, it is found that manufacturing firms have a relatively higher demand for staff with a professional education as well as a technical background. However, there is no support for the thesis that innovative firms contribute to combating structural unemployment at least in the short run.Research limitations/implications– Results are limited to a particular geographical region. Researchers are strongly encouraged to conduct further research on the topic.Practical implications– The paper includes implications for policymakers in the field of unemployment reduction and employment creation.Originality/value– The paper explores the link between innovation and the quality of employment in new business ventures. This approach is in contrast to the bulk of other studies dealing with new employment generation in terms of numbers.
An effective collaboration model between industry and university based on the theory of self organization
Authors: Fateh Rad Mehdi , Seyedesfahani Mir Mehdi , Jalilvand Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the relationship between university and industry as two major infrastructures of national innovation system in all leading scientific and industrial settings.

Design/methodology/approach
– Large complex organizations with high technology that follow non-linear dynamic rules need to define concepts and adopt new approaches to achieve organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Among various models, a dynamic model of innovation was developed based on a joint investment between industry and university. Hence, the concepts of systems thinking and system dynamics were used.

Findings
– The results reveal three levels of industry and university communication from the lower levels to the higher levels.

Originality/value
– The value of this paper lies in adding two axes of “type of relationship” and “form of relationship” to the axis of “strength of relationship”, and a static three-dimensional space as a spatial capacity of the relationship between the industry and the university has been organized. Further, this is the first study that investigates the dynamic relationship between industry and university based on the self-organization theory and system thinking.
Developing state and transition models of floodplain vegetation dynamics as a tool for conservation decision‐making: a case study of the Macquarie Marshes Ramsar wetland
Authors: Bino Gilad , Sisson Scott A. , Kingsford Richard T. , Thomas Rachael F. , Bowen Sharon 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Floodplain vegetation states (communities) exhibit spatiotemporal dynamics in vegetation structure and composition, which reflect unique hydrological and connectivity patterns. Shifts in inundation regimes can drive succession and establish new stable states, determined by the magnitude and duration of the hydrological perturbation.

We aimed to develop a modelling approach that is able to capture ecosystem dynamics, identify and quantify the main drivers of change, and provide a tool for conservation decision‐making. We developed state and transition models for floodplain vegetation states based on surveys in 1991 and 2008 in the Macquarie Marshes (Australia), a Ramsar wetland of international importance. We used a Bayesian logistic regression approach to model state and transitions between vegetation states and investigated how flood frequency, distance to stream and fire frequency were associated with vegetation dynamics during this period.

During 1991–2008, significant transitions have occurred towards drier states. Semi‐permanent wetland vegetation had the lowest persistence probability (ppsis = 0·456) and a significant threshold response of transitioning to terrestrial vegetation (ptran = 0·505). Transition to drier states was driven by lower inundation probabilities followed by increased fire probability, and distance to nearest stream.

Using developed models, we predicted persistence probabilities of vegetation states under an unregulated (i.e. no dams or diversions) and regulated water availability system. Under a regulated system, semi‐permanent wetland vegetation had an average persistence of ppsis = 0. 67 and 0·08 in the northern and southern sections of the nature reserve, respectively. Under an unregulated system, the predicted persistence of semi‐permanent wetland vegetation was considerably higher: ppsis = 0·87 and 0·38, respectively.

Synthesis and applications. Developing quantitative models of state transitions significantly improved our understanding of ecosystem dynamics, identifying sensitive indicators for monitoring and thus supporting conservation decision‐making. This helps managers understand potential trajectories of change in ecosystems in response to management options. For example, increasing environmental flows in the Macquarie Marshes is predicted to shift the community towards more of a wetland than the terrestrial state, resulting from river regulation. State and transition models identified how key ecological assets respond to drivers of change, particularly where these can be managed. This is critical for ensuring that all ecosystem components are managed and that these do not shift into undesirable states.
Gambling in the Czech Republic
Authors: Szczyrba Zdeněk , Mravčík Viktor , Fiedor David , Černý Jakub , Smolová Irena 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo provide an overview of gambling and associated problems in the Czech Republic, including an overview of the historical context, legislation, prevalence, treatment and research base and agenda.MethodsA review of literature and relevant sources.ResultsThe trajectory of gambling patterns in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century reflected broad socio‐political changes. Those included significant expansion between the wars, strict state control and bans on some gambling activities during the communist regime and finally dynamic development characterized by a boom in electronic gaming machines (EGMs) and increasing accessibility of gambling facilities after 1989, which aggravated gambling‐related problems. Many municipalities have banned EGMs, which has created conflict in regulation at state and municipal levels. The draft gambling law prepared in 2014 aims to clarify the regulatory framework. Before 2012 there was only sporadic research interest in gambling, but in 2012 the first complex research on gaming and problem gambling in the Czech population took place. The estimated prevalence of problem gambling is currently 2% in the population aged 15–64 years. Preventive measures, counselling and treatment services for problem gamblers are limited.ConclusionsWeak and ineffective regulation of the gambling market in the Czech Republic during the past 20 years, despite the large growth in gambling, has led to inadequate prevention and response to problem gambling which has become a considerable public health, social and political issue.
The effect of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss after vaginal delivery in women at low risk of postpartum haemorrhage: a double‐blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Mohammad‐Alizadeh Sakineh , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Shirdel Mina 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TA) on calculated and measured blood loss after vaginal delivery in women at low risk of postpartum haemorrhage.MethodsIn this double‐blind randomised controlled trial, 120 women with a singleton pregnancy were randomly allocated to receive either one gram intravenous TA or placebo in addition to 10 IU oxytocin after delivery of the fetus. Calculated blood loss was determined based on haematocrit before delivery and 12–24 h postdelivery. The quantity of blood loss was measured during two time periods: from delivery of the fetus to placental expulsion and from placental expulsion to the end of the second hour after childbirth.ResultsThe mean (SD) calculated total blood loss (519 (320) vs 659 (402) mL, P = 0.036) and measured blood loss from placental delivery to 2 h postpartum (69 (39) vs 108 (53) mL, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of blood loss from delivery of the fetus until placental expulsion. The frequency of calculated blood loss > 1000 mL was lower in the TA group (7% vs 18%, P = 0.048).ConclusionProphylactic TA reduces blood loss after vaginal delivery in women with a low risk of postpartum haemorrhage. The prophylactic use of TA may reduce blood loss complications and enhance maternal health.
Exercise in pregnancy does not alter gestational weight gain, MCP‐1 or leptin in obese women
Authors: Dekker Nitert Marloes , Barrett Helen L. , Denny Kerina J. , McIntyre H. David , Callaway Leonie K. ,   the BAMBINO group
Published: February 2015

BackgroundIncreasing physical activity in pregnancy may improve pregnancy outcomes for obese women. Exercise could reduce gestational weight gain, improve the maternal circulating lipid profile as well as alter leptin, Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 (MCP‐1) levels.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on gestational weight gain, maternal circulating lipids, IL‐8, MCP‐1 and leptin levels in obese pregnant women.Materials and MethodsThe analysis was performed in the 35 obese women enrolled in the pilot BAMBINO randomised controlled trial who provided blood samples at 12‐ and 28‐weeks gestation. Women in the exercise intervention arm received an individualised exercise plan. Blood samples, exercise diary and pedometer data were obtained at 12‐, 20‐, 28‐ and 36‐weeks' gestation. Cord blood was obtained at delivery.ResultsWomen in the exercise arm exercised more than those in the control arm (P = 0.038). There was no difference in gestational weight gain, excess gestational weight gain, MCP‐1 and leptin levels between women in the exercise intervention (n = 19) or the control arm (n = 16). IL‐8 was not detectable. Exercise did not alter the maternal lipid profile.ConclusionsThe low level of physical activity achieved in obese women in the exercise intervention arm was insufficient to alter gestational weight gain, MCP‐1, leptin or circulating lipid levels.
Class Meets Land: The Social Mobilization of Land as Catalyst for Urban Change
Authors: Kaika Maria , Ruggiero Luca 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe paper explores the active yet neglected role that local class struggle over land plays in negotiating new forms of urbanity. Unfashionably shifting research focus from global elites and the “creative class” to local industrial elites and industrial workers, we show that socially embodied local struggles over land are as relevant to globalized urbanizations as they had been to industrial capitalism, and need to be brought back squarely into geographical analysis. We focus empirically on the closely knitted histories of the Pirelli company, Pirelli's workers, and Pirelli's industrial space at Bicocca (north‐east Milan). As we unfold Bicocca's transformation from workers' village (nineteenth century), to radical industrial action hub (1960s–1970s), and finally to trendy mixed‐use space (1990s–2000s), we show how, for over a century, social struggles over land remain the terrain on which new forms of urbanity are fought, and highlight two important points. First, class struggle over the economic, social, and symbolic role of industrial land was not theoutcome of, but an essentialprecondition forurban restructuring. Second, the industrial working class and traditional elites were notpassive recipients, butactive producersof urban change.
Accommodating Autistics and Treating Autism: Can We Have Both?
Authors: Lim Chong‐Ming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOne of the central claims of the neurodiversity movement is that society should accommodate the needs of autistics, rather than try to treat autism. People have variously tried to reject this accommodation thesis as applicable to all autistics. One instance is Pier Jaarsma and Stellan Welin, who argue that the thesis should apply to some but not all autistics. They do so via separating autistics into high‐ and low‐functioning, on the basis of IQ and social effectiveness or functionings. I reject their grounds for separating autistics. IQ is an irrelevant basis for separating autistics. Charitably rendering it as referring to more general capacities still leaves us mistaken about the roles they play in supporting the accommodation thesis. The appeal to social effectiveness or functionings relies on standards that are inapplicable to autistics, and which risks being deaf to the point of their claims. I then consider if their remaining argument concerning autistic culture may succeed independently of the line they draw. I argue that construing autistics' claims as beginning from culture mistakes their status, and may even detract from their aims. Via my discussion of Jaarsma and Welin, I hope to point to why the more general strategy of separating autistics, in response to the accommodation thesis, does not fully succeed. Finally, I sketch some directions for future discussions, arguing that we should instead shift our attention to consider another set of questions concerning the costs and extent of change required to accommodate all autistics.
A reflective study into children's cognition when making computer games
Authors: Allsop Yasemin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, children's mental activities when making digital games are explored. Where previous studies have mainly focused on children's learning, this study aimed to unfold the children's thinking process for learning when making computer games. As part of an ongoing larger scale study, which adopts an ethnographic approach, this research reports on how children think when making their own computer games using their “Thinking Maps” and video recordings of group discussions. A model for Thinking for Learning, “think‐to‐learn‐to‐think,” is discussed and children's activities are used to define the stages of this cycle. The study of children's pre–during–after project “Thinking Maps” and explanations during group discussions suggests that their thinking sequences were altered during and after their game design activities. The children presented their “thinking process” when designing computer games as a continual circular cycle and described their mind as a virtual lab to plan and visualise solutions before testing them on screen, using the “Alice” game design program.
Sequence hierarchy in a Mesoproterozoic interior sag basin: from basin fill to reservoir scale, the Tombador Formation, Chapada Diamantina Basin, Brazil
Authors: Magalhães A. J. C. , Raja Gabaglia G. P. , Scherer C. M. S. , Bállico M. B. , Guadagnin F. , Bento Freire E. , Silva Born L.R. , Catuneanu O. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Tombador Formation exhibits depositional sequence boundaries placed at the base of extensive amalgamated fluvial sand sheets or at the base of alluvial fan conglomeratic successions that indicate basinward shifts of facies. The hierarchy system that applies to the Tombador Formation includes sequences of different orders, which are defined as follows: sequences associated with a particular tectonic setting are designated as ‘first order’ and are separated by first‐order sequence boundaries where changes in the tectonic setting are recorded; second‐order sequences represent the major subdivisions of a first‐order sequence and reflect cycles of change in stratal stacking pattern observed at 102 m scales (i.e., 200–300 m); changes in stratal stacking pattern at 101 m scales indicate third‐order sequences (i.e., 40–70 m); and changes in stratal stacking pattern at 100 m scales are assigned to the fourth order (i.e., 8–12 m). Changes in palaeogeography due to relative sea level changes are recorded at all hierarchical levels, with a magnitude that increases with the hierarchical rank. Thus, the Tombador Formation corresponds to one‐first‐order sequence, representing a distinct intracratonic sag basin fill in the polycyclic history of the Espinhaço Supergroup in Chapada Diamantina Basin. An angular unconformity separates fluvial‐estuarine to alluvial fan deposits and marks the second‐order boundary. Below the angular unconformity the third‐order sequences record fluvial to estuarine deposition. In contrast, above the angular unconformity these sequences exhibit continental alluvial successions composed conglomerates overlain by fluvial and eolian strata. Fourth‐order sequences are recognized within third‐order transgressive systems tract, and they exhibit distinct facies associations depending on their occurrence at estuarine or fluvial domains. At the estuarine domain, they are composed of tidal channel, tidal bar and overlying shoreface heterolithic strata. At the fluvial domain the sequences are formed of fluvial deposits bounded by fine‐grained or tidal influenced intervals. Fine grained intervals are the most reliable to map in fourth‐order sequences because of their broad laterally extensive sheet‐like external geometry. Therefore, they constitute fourth‐order sequence boundaries that, at the reservoir approach, constitute the most important horizontal heterogeneity and, hence, the preferable boundaries of production zones. The criteria applied to assign sequence hierarchies in the Tombador Formation are based on rock attributes, are easy to apply, and can be used as a baseline for the study of sequence stratigraphy in Precambrian and Phanerozoic basins placed in similar tectonic settings.