bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documenting orang-utan sleep architecture: sleeping platform complexity increases sleep quality in captive Pongo
Authors: Samson David R. , Shumaker Robert W. 
Published: May 2013

Of the extant primates, only 20 non-human species have been studied by sleep scientists. Notable sampling gaps exist, including large-bodied hominoids such as gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), orang-utans (Pongo spp.) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), for which data have been characterized as high priority. Here, we report the sleep architecture of three female and two male orang-utans housed at the Indianapolis Zoo. Sleep states were identified by scoring correlated behavioural signatures (e.g., respiration, gross body movement, muscle atonia, random eye movement, etc.). The captive orang-utans were focal subjects for a total of 70 nights (1013 h) recorded. We found that orang-utans slept an average of 9.11 h (range 5.85–11.2 h) nightly and were characterized by an average NREM of 8.03 h (range 5.47–10.2 h) and REM of 1.11 (range: 0.38–2.2 h) per night. In addition, using a sleeping platform complexity index (SPCI) we found that individuals that manufactured and slept in more complex beds were characterized by higher quality sleep. Sleep fragmentation (the number of brief awakenings greater than 2 min per hour), arousability (number of motor activity bouts per hour), and total time awake per night were reduced by greater quality sleep environments. Therefore, comfortable sleeping environments reduced arousability and improve sleep quality in captive orang-utans. These results support Fruth & Hohmann’s (1996) hypothesis, which purported that the tree-limb-to-sleeping platform transition in Miocene apes improved sleep quality.
Interaction between competitors and predators and its effects on morphological and behavioural defences in Scinax nasicus tadpoles
Authors: Gómez Valeria I. , Kehr Arturo I. 
Published: May 2013

Predation affects the behaviour of organisms, and the number of conspecifics can influence the perception of predation risk. Two main types of traits, morphological and behavioural, are involved in the induced defences of many organisms. Here, we examined the influence of chemical cues of the predators Belostoma elongatum (Hemiptera, Belostomatidae) and Moenkhausia dichroura (Characiformes, Characidae) on the morphology, growth, development and activity of Scinax nasicus larvae. Our main goal was to determine whether the investment in morphological or behavioural defences varied according to the number of conspecifics and to the chemical cues of predators. To this end, we performed two experiments under microcosm conditions. In experiment 1, we determined morphological defences in tadpoles by analysing changes in morphology, growth rate and development rate, whereas in experiment 2, we determined behavioural defences by analysing changes in the activity of tadpoles. The experimental design consisted of two tadpole densities, with and without chemical cues of predators. We found that: (1) larval morphology, growth and development were significantly affected by density; (2) the chemical cues of the predators did not influence the morphology, growth or development of tadpoles; (3) tadpoles at high densities were more active than those at low densities; (4) tadpoles decreased the activity in the presence of chemical cues of M. dichroura; and (5) tadpoles increased the activity in the presence of chemical cues of B. elongatum. Our results suggest that density is a determinant factor of tadpole morphology of and that Scinax nasicus larvae respond to predators with behavioural defences, which vary according to the type of predator.
Postnatal persistence of episodic spontaneous rapid-body-movement bursts and twitches in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis
Authors: Corner Michael A. 
Published: May 2013

Measurements made under microscopic examination of spontaneous motility shortly before and after hatching in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, revealed a developmental continuity wherein bursts of vigorous mantle contractions lasting a few seconds at most, often associated with irregular twitching of the tentacles and head (but less often of the eyes or chromatophores), follow each other at variable intervals ranging from less than 5 s to many minutes. Releasing the animals prematurely into sea water had no qualitative effect on visible movements but augmented their incidence considerably if done several days before hatching, while reducing it if done shortly prior to hatching. That this was not an age effect is suggested by the lack of any difference between the two groups after their emergence from the egg capsule. The temporal patterning of these stereotyped ‘rapid-body-movements’, defined here as an immature subclass of ‘motorically active sleep’, differed both quantitatively and qualitatively from the repetitive bouts of swimming (‘active wakefulness’) that also occur episodically in hatchlings but not in embryos. Similar to endothermic vertebrates, sleep bursts in cuttlefish rapidly became much less frequent with increasing age as the incidence of wake-like behaviour increased. Spontaneous embryonic motility, c.q., active sleep, thus appears to constitute an ontogenetically and phylogenetically primordial behavioural state which continues without discontinuity into postnatal life, with classical ‘rapid-eye-movement’, c.q., ‘paradoxical’ sleep, being a later appearing special case.
Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase: A new key in the dysregulation of glutamate in migraine patients
Authors: Campos Francisco , Sobrino Tomás , Pérez-Mato María , Rodríguez-Osorio Xiana , Leira Rogelio , Blanco Miguel , Mirelman David , Castillo José 
Published: May 2013

Objective Based on the capacity of the blood-resident enzyme glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) to metabolize blood glutamate, our aim was to study the association of GOT activity with serum glutamate levels and clinical parameters in patients with migraine. Methods This case-control study included 45 episodic migraine patients (IHS 2004 criteria) and 16 control subjects. We analyzed glutamate and GOT activity in peripheral blood samples obtained during interictal periods and migraine attacks ( n = 15). Frequency, severity, and duration of attacks and time of evolution were also recorded. Results Migraine patients showed lower GOT activity than controls (15.2 ± 2.9 vs. 18.7 ± 3.8 U/l) and higher levels of glutamate (153.7 ± 68.6 vs. 121.5 ± 59.2 μM) (all p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between GOT activity and glutamate levels ( r = −0.493; p < 0.0001) in interictal periods; however, this negative correlation was lost during attacks ( r = −0.026; p = 0.925). During attacks, we found a positive correlation between the time elapsed from attack onset and glutamate levels ( r = 0.738; p < 0.0001), but not for GOT activity ( r = −0.075; p = 0.809). Conclusions Migraine patients showed reduced GOT activity and increased levels of blood glutamate levels as compared to control subjects. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between GOT activity and glutamate levels in interictal periods.
Transient unilateral spatial neglect during aura in a woman with sporadic hemiplegic migraine
Authors: Di Stefano Francesca , Floris Gianluca , Vacca Mariangela , Serra Giulia , Cannas Antonino , Borghero Giuseppe , Marrosu Maria Giovanna , Marrosu Francesco 
Published: May 2013

Background Hemiplegic migraine is a rare form of migraine with aura characterized by motor aura. Although auras in hemiplegic migraine are typically complex with two or more aura symptoms, neglect has been rarely described. Case report We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with sporadic hemiplegic migraine that was investigated for the presence of unilateral spatial neglect (USN) during aura in one of her migraine attacks. Transient hemispatial neglect was observed during a right-sided migraine attack with left sensory-motor hemisyndrome; after migraine resolution there was a total recovery. Conclusions Our case demonstrates that USN may be a symptom of aura. To our knowledge, this is the first report of USN during aura in an adult with sporadic hemiplegic migraine.
How I treat older patients with ALL
Authors: Gökbuget Nicola 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe treatment of older patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an unmet medical need. In Western countries, the population is aging, which means there will be an increasing number of older patients. However, in the past few decades, there has been little improvement in treating them, and few clinical trials specifically designed for older patients with ALL have been reported. Older patients with ALL have a significantly lower complete response rate, higher early mortality, higher relapse rate, and poorer survival compared with younger patients. This is partly explained by a higher incidence of poor prognostic factors. Most importantly, intensive chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation, both of which are successful in younger patients, is less well tolerated in older patients. For the future, the most promising approaches are optimized supportive care, targeted therapies, moderately intensified consolidation, and reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation. One of the most important challenges for physicians is to differentiate between fit and unfit older patients in order to offer both groups optimal treatment regarding toxicity and mortality risks, quality of life, and long-term outcome. Prospective trials for older patients with ALL are urgently needed.
Effects and outcome of a policy of intermittent imatinib treatment in elderly patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Russo Domenico , Martinelli Giovanni , Malagola Michele , Skert Cristina , Soverini Simona , Iacobucci Ilaria , De Vivo Antonio , Testoni Nicoletta , Castagnetti Fausto , Gugliotta Gabriele , Turri Diamante , Bergamaschi Michela , Pregno Patrizia , Pungolino Ester , Stagno Fabio , Breccia Massimo , Martino Bruno , Intermesoli Tamara , Fava Carmen , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Tiribelli Mario , Bigazzi Catia , Cesana Bruno Mario , Rosti Gianantonio , Baccarani Michele 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
INTERIM treatment affects cytogenetic and molecular response, but not the outcome. No patients treated with INTERIM progressed to accelerated or blast phase.
Generation of high photocurrent in three-dimensional silicon quantum dot superlattice fabricated by combining bio-template and neutral beam etching for quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Igarashi Makoto , Hu Weiguo , Rahman Mohammad Maksudur , Usami Noritaka , Samukawa Seiji 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) stacked Si nanodisk (Si-ND) array with a high aspect ratio and uniform size by using our advanced top-down technology consisting of bio-template and neutral beam etching processes. We found from conductive atomic microscope measurements that conductivity became higher as the arrangement was changed from a single Si-ND to two-dimensional (2D) and 3D arrays with the same matrix of SiC, i.e., the coupling of wave functions was changed. Moreover, our theoretical calculations suggested that the formation of minibands enhanced tunneling current, which well supported our experimental results. Further analysis indicated that four or more Si-NDs basically maximized the advantage of minibands in our structure. However, it appeared that differences in miniband widths between 2D and 3D Si-ND arrays did not affect the enhancement of the optical absorption coefficient. Hence, high photocurrent could be observed in our Si-ND array with high photoabsorption and carrier conductivity due to the formation of 3D minibands.
An in vitro study of urea, water, ion and CO2/HCO3− transport in the gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias): the influence of feeding
Authors: Liew Hon Jung , De Boeck Gudrun , Wood Chris M. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
In vitro gut sac preparations made from the cardiac stomach (stomach 1), pyloric stomach (stomach 2), intestine (spiral valve) and colon were used to examine the impact of feeding on transport processes in the gastrointestinal tract of the dogfish shark. Preparations were made from animals that were euthanized after 1–2 weeks of fasting, or at 24–48 h after voluntary feeding on a 3% ration of teleost fish (hake). Sacs were incubated under initially symmetrical conditions with dogfish saline on both surfaces. In comparison to an earlier in vivo study, the results confirmed that feeding caused increases in H+ secretion in both stomach sections, but an increase in Cl− secretion only in stomach 2. Na+ absorption, rather than Na+ secretion, occurred in both stomach sections after feeding. All sections of the tract absorbed water and the intestine strongly absorbed Na+ and Cl−, regardless of feeding condition. The results also confirmed that feeding increased water absorption in the intestine (but not in the colon), and had little influence on the handling of Ca2+ and Mg2+, which exhibited negligible absorption across the tract. However, K+ was secreted in the intestine in both fasted and fed preparations. Increased intestinal water absorption occurred despite net osmolyte secretion into the mucosal saline. The largest changes occurred in urea and CO2/HCO3− fluxes. In fasted preparations, urea was absorbed at a low rate in all sections except the intestine, where it was secreted. Instead of an increase in intestinal urea secretion predicted from in vivo data, feeding caused a marked switch to net urea absorption. This intestinal urea transport occurred at a rate comparable to urea reabsorption rates reported at gills and kidney, and was apparently active, establishing a large serosal-to-mucosal concentration gradient. Feeding also greatly increased intestinal CO2/HCO3− secretion; if interpreted as HCO3− transport, the rates were in the upper range of those reported in marine teleosts. Phloretin (0.25 mmol l−1, applied mucosally) completely blocked the increases in intestinal urea absorption and CO2/HCO3− secretion caused by feeding, but had no effect on Na+, Cl− or water absorption.
REVIEWS
Authors: Chen Jin-Shiow , Leshnoff Susan K. , Macleod Katy 
Published: May 2013

AWAKENING CREATIVITY: DANDELION SCHOOL BLOSSOMS, LILY YEH (2011) Oakland, CA: New Village Press, 208 pp., ISBN:-13 978-0-9815593-7-7, h/bk, US$ 34.95
THE GLOBAL RECEPTION OF JOHN DEWEY’S THOUGHT: MULTIPLE REFLECTIONS THROUGH TIME AND SPACE, ROSA BRUNO-JOFRE AND JURGEN
SCHRIEWER (EDS) 2011 London and New York: Routledge, 272 pp., ISBN: 9789415898881, h/bk, £80
THE CONFLICT OF THE FACULTIES: PERSPECTIVES ON ARTISTIC RESEARCH AND ACADEMIA, HENK BORGDORFF (2012) Leiden: Leiden University Press, 176 pp., ISBN: 978 90 8728 167 0, h/bk, 49.95; £39.95
Eastern Palearctic Occurrence of Diastrophus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Aylacini) on Rubus Bushes, with Description of a New Species
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Ide Tatsuya , Abe Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Diastrophus japonicus Wachi, Ide & Abe sp. nov., a gall inducer on Rubus palmatus Thunberg, is described from Japan. This is the first reliable record of Diastrophus Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Aylacini) from the Eastern Palearctic region. This article reveals that the genus Diastrophus is widely distributed from the Western Palearctic to the Nearctic regions through the Eastern Palearctic region. The causal process for the extant geographic distribution of D. japonicus was the opening of the Sea of Japan and dispersal during the Pleistocene. The phylogenetic relationships among the members of Diastrophus (D. japonicus and the species considered by a previous study) were inferred based on adult morphological and gall characters, but low consistency indices suggested that the characters exhibited homoplasy.
Satisfaction relations for proper classes: Applications in logic and set theory
Authors: Wesep Robert A. Van 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe develop the theory of partial satisfaction relations for structures that may be proper classes and define a satisfaction predicate (⊨*) appropriate to such structures. We indicate the utility of this theory as a framework for the development of the metatheory of first-order predicate logic and set theory, and we use it to prove that for any recursively enumerable extension Θ of ZF there is a finitely axiomatizable extension *Θ′ of GB that is a conservative extension of Θ. We also prove a conservative extension result that justifies the use of ⊨* to characterize ground models for forcing constructions.
Extensions of ordered theories by generic predicates
Authors: Dolich Alfred , Miller Chris , Steinhorn Charles 
Published: May 2013

Given a theoryTextending that of dense linear orders without endpoints (DLO), in a language ℒ ⊇ {<}, we are interested in extensionsT′ ofTin languages extending ℒ by unary relation symbols that are each interpreted in models ofT′ as sets that are both dense and codense in the underlying sets of the models.There is a canonically “wild” example, namelyT= Th(〈ℝ, <, +, ·〉) andT′ = Th(〈ℝ, <, +, · ℚ 〉). Recall thatTis o-minimal, and so every open set definable in any model ofThas only finitely many definably connected components. But it is well known that 〈ℝ, <, +, · ℚ 〉 defines every real Borel set, in particular, every open subset of any finite cartesian power of ℝ and every subset of any finite cartesian power of ℚ. To put this another way, the definable open sets in models ofTare essentially as simple as possible, whileT′ has a model where the definable open sets are as complicated as possible, as is the structure induced on the new predicate.In contrast to the preceding example, if ℝalgis the set of real algebraic numbers andT′ Th(〈ℝ, <, +, ·, 〈alg〉), then no model ofT′ defines any open set (of any arity) that is not definable in the underlying model ofT.
Borel reductions and cub games in generalised descriptive set theory
Authors: Kulikov Vadim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIt is shown that the power set ofκordered by the subset relation modulo various versions of the non-stationary ideal can be embedded into the partial order of Borel equivalence relations on 2κunder Borel reducibility. Hereκis an uncountable regular cardinal withκ<κ=κ.
Ample thoughts
Authors: Palacín Daniel , Wagner Frank O. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNon-n-ampleness as denned by Pillay [20] and Evans [5] is preserved under analysability. Generalizing this to a more general notion of Σ-ampleness, this gives an immediate proof for all simple theories of a weakened version of the Canonical Base Property (CBP) proven by Chatzidakis [4] for types of finite SU-rank. This is then applied to the special case of groups.
Models of transfinite provability logic
Authors: Fernández-Duque David , Joosten Joost J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor any ordinal Λ, we can define a polymodal logic GLPΛ, with a modality [ξ] for each ξ < Λ. These represent provability predicates of increasing strength. Although GLPΛ has no Kripke models, Ignatiev showed that indeed one can construct a Kripke model of the variable-free fragment with natural number modalities, denoted . Later, Icard defined a topological model for which is very closely related to Ignatiev's.In this paper we show how to extend these constructions for arbitrary Λ. More generally, for each Θ, Λ we build a Kripke model and a topological model , and show that is sound for both of these structures, as well as complete, provided Θ is large enough.
Independence, dimension and continuity in non-forking frames
Authors: Jarden Adi , Sitton Alon 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe notion J is independent in (M, M0, N) was established by Shelah, for an AEC (abstract elementary class) which is stable in some cardinal λ and has a non-forking relation, satisfying the good λ-frame axioms and some additional hypotheses. Shelah uses independence to define dimension.Here, we show the connection between the continuity property and dimension: if a non-forking satisfies natural conditions and the continuity property, then the dimension is well-behaved.As a corollary, we weaken the stability hypothesis and two additional hypotheses, that appear in Shelah's theorem.
A Simplified Clinical Technique for a Routine Indirect Restoration Impression on a Challenging Patient Using a Dry Field Illuminator
Authors: Santucci NM , Santucci ET , Geissberger M 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
Detailed and accurate impressions are made when the oral environment is dry during the impression process.1 Maintaining a dry field on medically, physically, or emotionally compromised patients can be very challenging. If not achieved, it may compromise dental care and accurate outcomes. This article describes a technique that can be used to make a final impression for an indirect restoration in a protected, isolated, and dry environment, using a dry field illuminator.
Preparing an L2 Role-play: How Students Manage L2 Deficits
Authors: Edstrom Anne 
Published: May 2013

Abstract: There is considerable variation in the implementation of role-play activities in second language (L2)/foreign language (FL) classroom settings, and little information is available about how students actually manage them, particularly with regards to overcoming their L2 deficits. This study examines the preparation of role-plays by university students in an intermediate Spanish class. When confronted with challenging aspects of the L2, they employed a variety of strategies, such as asking classmates, consulting reference materials, and modifying their original ideas to manage the task. This analysis of students’ strategy use provides insights into how teachers might implement role-play activities more effectively into second and foreign language classes.
Incidence of Spondyloarthropathy in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Population-based Study
Authors: Shivashankar Raina , Loftus Edward V. , Tremaine William J. , Harmsen W. Scott , Zinsmeister Alan R. , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is an important extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We assessed the cumulative incidence and clinical spectrum of SpA in a population-based cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods.The medical records of a population-based cohort of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, diagnosed with UC from 1970 through 2004 were reviewed. Patients were followed longitudinally until moving from Olmsted County, death, or June 30, 2011. We used the European Spondylarthropathy Study Group, Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria, and modified New York criteria to identify patients with SpA.Results.The cohort included 365 patients with UC, of whom 41.9% were women. The median age at diagnosis of UC was 38.6 years (range 1.2–91.4). Forty patients developed SpA based on the ASAS criteria. The cumulative incidence of a diagnosis of SpA after an established diagnosis of UC was 4.8% at 10 years (95% CI 95% CI 2.2%–7.3%), 13.7% at 20 years (95% CI 9.0%–18.1%), and 22.1% at 30 years (95% CI 4.3%–29.1%).Conclusion.The cumulative incidence of all forms of SpA increased to about 22% by 30 years from UC diagnosis. This value is slightly greater than what we previously described in a population-based cohort of Crohn disease diagnosed in Olmsted County over the same time period. SpA and its features are associated with UC, and heightened awareness on the part of clinicians is needed for diagnosing and managing them.