bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How we manage medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Byrne H. , O’Reilly S. , Weadick C. S. , Brady P. , Ríordáin R. Ni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBone-modifying agents (BMAs) are integral to managing patients with advanced cancer. They improve quality of survival by reducing skeletal-related events, treating hypercalcaemia and chemotherapy-induced bone loss (Coleman in Clin Cancer Res 12: 6243s–6249s, 2006), (Coleman in Ann Oncol 31: 1650–1663, 2020). Two decades ago, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) was first reported following BMA therapy (Marx in J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61: 1115–1117, 2003). The risk of MRONJ extends over a decade following BMA treatment with bisphosphonates, complicating dental care such as extractions. In addition, MRONJ has been reported following additional therapies such as antiangiogenic agents, cytotoxic agents, immunotherapy, and targeted agents. The use of BMAs in the curative and adjuvant cancer setting is increasing, consequently the implication of MRONJ is growing. Over the past 20 years, the literature has consolidated major risk factors for MRONJ, the pathophysiology and management strategies for MRONJ. Our review aims to document the development of MRONJ preventative and management strategies in cancer patients receiving a BMA. The authors advocate the incorporation of dental oncology strategies into contemporary cancer care, to optimise long-term quality of survival after cancer treatment.
Neuronal double-stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration
Authors: Li Ling-Jie , Sun Xiao-Ying , Huang Ya-Ru , Lu Shuai , Xu Yu-Ming , Yang Jing , Xie Xi-Xiu , Zhu Jie , Niu Xiao-Yun , Wang Dan , Liang Shi-Yu , Du Xiao-Yu , Hou Sheng-Jie , Yu Xiao-Lin , Liu Rui-Tian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Deoxyribonuclease 2 (DNase II) plays a key role in clearing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Deficiency of DNase II leads to DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. Persistent dsDNA in neurons is an early pathological hallmark of senescence and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is not clear how DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA influence neuropathogenesis. Tau hyperphosphorylation is a key factor for the pathogenesis of AD. The effect of DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA on neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation remains unclarified.

Methods
The levels of neuronal DNase II and dsDNA in WT and Tau-P301S mice of different ages were measured by immunohistochemistry and immunolabeling, and the levels of DNase II in the plasma of AD patients were measured by ELISA. To investigate the impact of DNase II on tauopathy, the levels of phosphorylated tau, phosphokinase, phosphatase, synaptic proteins, gliosis and proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of neuronal DNase II-deficient WT mice, neuronal DNase II-deficient Tau-P301S mice and neuronal DNase II-overexpressing Tau-P301S mice were evaluated by immunolabeling, immunoblotting or ELISA. Cognitive performance was determined using the Morris water maze test, Y-maze test, novel object recognition test and open field test.

Results
The levels of DNase II were significantly decreased in the brains and the plasma of AD patients. DNase II also decreased age-dependently in the neurons of WT and Tau-P301S mice, along with increased dsDNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. The DNA accumulation induced by neuronal DNase II deficiency drove tau phosphorylation by upregulating cyclin-dependent-like kinase-5 (CDK5) and calcium/calmodulin activated protein kinase II (CaMKII) and downregulating phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Moreover, DNase II knockdown induced and significantly exacerbated neuron loss, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in WT and Tau-P301S mice, respectively, while overexpression of neuronal DNase II exhibited therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions
DNase II deficiency and cytoplasmic dsDNA accumulation can initiate tau phosphorylation, suggesting DNase II as a potential therapeutic target for tau-associated disorders.

Graphical Abstract
Scheme depicting the possible mechanism by which DNase II deficiency induces cognitive impairment in mice. DNase II deficiency induces tau phosphorylation by regulating kinases CDK5 and CaMKII as well as phosphatase PP2A through accumulation of undigested damaged DNA in the cytoplasm of neurons. Then phosphorylated tau induces synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, eventually rendering cognitive impairment in mice.
Advances in single-cell transcriptomics in animal research
Authors: Yan Yunan , Zhu Senlin , Jia Minghui , Chen Xinyi , Qi Wenlingli , Gu Fengfei , Valencak Teresa G. , Liu Jian-Xin , Sun Hui-Zeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding biological mechanisms is fundamental for improving animal production and health to meet the growing demand for high-quality protein. As an emerging biotechnology, single-cell transcriptomics has been gradually applied in diverse aspects of animal research, offering an effective method to study the gene expression of high-throughput single cells of different tissues/organs in animals. In an unprecedented manner, researchers have identified cell types/subtypes and their marker genes, inferred cellular fate trajectories, and revealed cell‒cell interactions in animals using single-cell transcriptomics. In this paper, we introduce the development of single-cell technology and review the processes, advancements, and applications of single-cell transcriptomics in animal research. We summarize recent efforts using single-cell transcriptomics to obtain a more profound understanding of animal nutrition and health, reproductive performance, genetics, and disease models in different livestock species. Moreover, the practical experience accumulated based on a large number of cases is highlighted to provide a reference for determining key factors (e.g., sample size, cell clustering, and cell type annotation) in single-cell transcriptomics analysis. We also discuss the limitations and outlook of single-cell transcriptomics in the current stage. This paper describes the comprehensive progress of single-cell transcriptomics in animal research, offering novel insights and sustainable advancements in agricultural productivity and animal health.
Development of hyperspectral camera for auroral imaging (HySCAI)
Authors: Yoshinuma M. , Ida K. , Ebihara Y. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The hyperspectral camera for auroral imaging (HySCAI), which can provide a two-dimensional (2D) aurora image with full spectrum, was developed to study auroral physics. HySCAI consists of an all-sky lens, monitor camera, galvanometer scanner, grating spectrograph, and electron multiplying charge coupled device (EM-CCD). The galvanometer scanner can scan a slit image of the spectrograph on the all-sky image plane in the direction perpendicular to the slit. HySCAI has two gratings; one is 500 grooves/mm for a wide spectral coverage of 400–800 nm with a spectral resolution (FWHM) of 2.1 nm, and the other is 1500 grooves/mm for a higher spectral resolution of 0.73 nm with a narrower spectral coverage of 123 nm. The absolute sensitivity is 2.1 count/s/R with 4 × 4 binning (256 × 340 image) at 557.7 nm. The exposure time depends on the brightness of the aurora emission and is typically 64 s for a 2D image (0.2 s per line scan). This system has been installed at the KEOPS (Kiruna Esrange Optical Platform Site) of the SSC (Swedish Space Corporation) in Kiruna, Sweden. All-sky images with a liquid crystal filter and a sky color camera have also been installed to compensate for the poor time resolution of HySCAI. 2D aurora monochromatic images for given wavelength are obtained by reconstructing the EM-CCD image over the scan period. HySCAI has the advantage of providing a 2D image of intensity for a weak emission line, which appears on top of a high background emission without the contamination from other emissions, which is usually difficult in a system with a bandpass filter. As the first light results, monochromatic images of $$\hbox {N}_2^+$$

N
2
+

1NG (0, 1) (427.8 nm), $$\hbox {N}_2^+$$

N
2
+

1NG (0, 2) (470.9 nm), $$\hbox {H}_{\beta }$$

H
β

(486.1 nm), N II (500.1 nm), N I ($$^2$$

2

D) (520.0 nm), O I ($$^1$$

1

S) (557.7 nm,), NaD (589.3 nm), O I ($$^1$$

1

D) (630.0 nm), and $$\hbox {N}_2^+$$

N
2
+

1NG (670.5 nm) emission intensity were measured. We estimated the precipitating electron energy from a ratio of I(630.0 nm)/I(427.8 nm) to be 1.6 keV.

Graphical Abstract
Dry gel spinning of fungal hydrogels for the development of renewable yarns from food waste
Authors: Lindh Alice , Wijayarathna E. R. Kanishka B. , Ciftci Göksu Cinar , Syed Samira , Bashir Tariq , Kadi Nawar , Zamani Akram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Renewable materials made using environmentally friendly processes are in high demand as a solution to reduce the pollution created by the fashion industry. In recent years, there has been a growing trend in research on renewable materials focused on bio-based materials derived from fungi.

Results
Recently, fungal cell wall material of a chitosan producing fungus has been wet spun to monofilaments. This paper presents a modification for the fungal monofilament spinning process, by the development of a benign method, dry gel spinning, to produce continuous monofilaments and twisted multifilament yarns, from fungal cell wall, that can be used in textile applications. The fungal biomass of Rhizopus delemar, grown using bread waste as a substrate, was subjected to alkali treatment with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution to isolate alkali-insoluble material (AIM), which mainly consists of the fungal cell wall. The treatment of AIM with dilute lactic acid resulted in hydrogel formation. The morphology of the hydrogels was pH dependent, and they exhibited shear thinning viscoelastic behavior. Dry gel spinning of the fungal hydrogels was first conducted using a simple lab-scale syringe pump to inject the hydrogels through a needle to form a monofilament, which was directly placed on a rotating receiver and left to dry at room temperature. The resulting monofilament was used to make twisted multifilament yarns. The process was then improved by incorporating a heated chamber for the quicker drying of the monofilaments (at 30⁰C). Finally, the spinning process was scaled up using a twin-screw microcompounder instead of the syringe pump. The monofilaments were several meters long and reached a tensile strength of 63 MPa with a % elongation at break of 14. When spinning was performed in the heated chamber, the tensile strength increased to 80 MPa and further increased to 103 MPa when a micro-compounder was used for spinning.

Conclusion
The developed dry gel spinning method shows promising results in scalability and demonstrates the potential for renewable material production using fungi. This novel approach produces materials with mechanical properties comparable to those of conventional textile fibers.
The burrower bug Macroscytus japonensis (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) acquires obligate symbiotic bacteria from the environment
Authors: Nakawaki Takuma , Watanabe Shuto , Hosokawa Takahiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany plant-feeding stinkbugs belonging to the infraorder Pentatomomorpha possess a specialized symbiotic organ at the posterior end of the midgut, in which mutualistic bacterial symbionts are harbored extracellularly. In species of the superfamily Pentatomoidea, these symbionts typically are verticallytransmitted from host mothers to offspring, whereas in species of the superfamilies Coreoidea and Lygaeoidea they are acquired from the environment. In the pentatomoid family Cydnidae, vertical symbiont transmission has been reported in several species. Here, we report the first case of environmental symbiont acquisition in Cydnidae, observed in the burrower bug Macroscytus japonensis. A comprehensive survey of 72 insect samples from 23 sites across the Japanese archipelago revealed that (1) symbionts exhibit remarkably high diversity, forming six distinct phylogenetic groups within the Enterobacteriaceae of the γ-Proteobacteria, (2) most symbionts are cultivable and closely related to free-living Pantoea-allied bacteria, and (3) symbiont phylogenetic groups do not reflect the host phylogeny. Microbial inspection of eggs revealed the absence of bacteria on the egg surface. These results strongly suggest that symbionts are acquired from the environment, not vertical transmission. Rearing experiments confirmed environmental symbiont acquisition. When environmental symbiont sources were experimentally withheld, nymphs became aposymbiotic and died before molting to the second instar, indicating that nymphs environmentally acquire symbionts during the first-instar stage and that symbionts are essential for nymphal growth and survival. This study highlights Cydnidae as the only pentatomoid family that includes species that environmentally acquire symbionts and those that vertically transmit symbionts, providing an ideal platform for comparative studies of the ecological and environmental factors that influence the evolution of symbiont transmission modes.
A case of fulminant cryofibrinogenemia with rapid renal dysfunction and toe necrosis
Authors: Kobayashi Sou , Yamano Yukiko , Osawa Kousuke , Kusube Mari , Hata Yuki , Tsuji Takahiro , Saeki Harumi , Ibuki Emi , Kang Dedong , Takaki Takashi , Honda Kazuho , Araki Shin-ichi , Hashimoto Seiji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
There are few reports of kidney disease caused by cryofibrinogen (CF). There are still many unknowns regarding its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Case presentation
A woman in her 70s experienced gross hematuria without any triggers; no urinary abnormalities had been previously detected. At the same time, the urine protein level was 5 g; therefore, a renal biopsy was performed. Light microscopy revealed a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis-like pattern. And the electron microscopic findings were extremely characteristic and specific. Development of ischemic lesions was observed in the lower legs. A skin biopsy performed at the sites of toe necrosis showed fibrinoid necrotizing vasculitis and thrombi in the blood vessels. Eventually, the patient was diagnosed with cryofibrinogenemia (CF-emia) by mass spectrometry. The effect of steroids was limited. Subsequently, the patient’s renal function rapidly deteriorated, and toe necrosis progressed. The patient died after initiation of hemodialysis.

Conclusion
Although CF-emia is an unknown disease and has been infrequently reported, no reported cases exhibited rapid worsening of toe necrosis and renal function during the same period. Therefore, this case can be said to be the first case of fulminant cryofibrinogenemia. Due to the development of nephropathy, which is likely to be a factor for poor prognosis, establishment of therapeutic strategies is urgently required.
Chitosan nanoparticles, camel milk exosomes and/or Sorafenib induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor cells migration and angiogenesis and ameliorate the associated liver damage in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice
Authors: Tawfic Amr A. , Ibrahim Hany M. , Mohammed-Geba Khaled , El-Magd Mohammed A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
It is crucial to improve cancer patients' quality of life by developing medications that can treat cancer with minimum adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and camel milk exosomes (CMEs) alone or in combination with Sorafenib (SOR) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice and to assess whether EAC-associated liver injury would be ameliorated due to this combination. Liver function and oxidant/antioxidant status were determined spectrophotometrically, while the levels of inflammatory cytokines were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The tumor burden in EAC-bearing mice was reduced after treatment with CNPs ± CMEs ± SOR as indicated by (1) reduced ascetic fluid volume and tumor-cell viability; (2) induction of apoptosis [high p53, BCL2 associated X (Bax), caspase 3, low B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl2)]; (3) increased intracellular reactive oxygen species; (4) decreased migration [high matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and low TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1)]; (5) declined angiogenesis [low vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These treatments also reduced liver injury induced by EAC as noticed by (1) restored liver function indices [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin]; (2) restored redox balance [low malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and high superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities]; (3) increased antioxidant gene expression [high nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)]; (4) declined inflammation [low interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels), and (5) enhanced structure of liver. SOR + CNPs-treated mice showed the most improvement, followed by SOR + CMEs-treated animals.

Conclusions
Based on these findings, we determined that CNPs and CMEs enhanced SOR's anticancer efficacy and had an ameliorative role against EAC-induced liver injuries.

Graphic abstract
Advances in porcine respiratory and intestinal organoids: status and potential application for virus infections
Authors: Liu Chunru , Dong Xiaoqing , Liu Pinghuang , Lin Xi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe respiratory tract and digestive tract serve as the gateway between the host and the environment, playing an important role in protecting against viral infections. Diseases caused by viruses that infiltrate the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts account for the major infectious diseases in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for the swine industry. However, studies on virus-host interactions are limited due to the lack of suitable research models that can effectively stimulate the highly complex physiological characteristics found in vivo. With the advancement in stem cell technology, organoids that more closely recapitulate the structure, function, and organization of specific organs or tissues in vitro have gradually become a research hotspot. These novel ex vivo models are critical for studying viral infection, investigating viral pathogenesis, elucidating virus-host interactions and developing preventive and therapeutic approaches. Currently, respiratory organoids and intestinal organoids (IOs) have been widely applied in the study of infectious diseases. Therefore, this review primarily summarizes the development of porcine respiratory and intestinal organoids, their applications in studying infection, current limitations, and future perspectives.
Nonlinear response theory of molecular machines
Authors: Chatzittofi Michalis , Agudo-Canalejo Jaime , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chemical affinities are responsible for driving active matter systems out of equilibrium. At the nano-scale, molecular machines interact with the surrounding environment and are subjected to external forces. The mechano-chemical coupling which arises naturally in these systems reveals a complex interplay between chemical and mechanical degrees of freedom with strong impact on their active mechanism. By considering various models far from equilibrium, we show that the tuning of applied forces gives rise to a nonlinear response that causes a non-monotonic behaviour in the machines’ activity. Our findings have implications in understanding, designing, and triggering such processes by controlled application of external fields, including the collective dynamics of larger non-equilibrium systems where the total dissipation and performance might be affected by internal and inter-particle interactions.
Differences in Acute Postoperative Opioid Use by English Proficiency, Race, and Ethnicity After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Joo Hyundeok , Nguyen Kevin , Kolodzie Kerstin , Chen Lee-Lynn , Kim Mi-Ok , Manuel Solmaz 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
There is increasing interest in documenting disparities in pain management for racial and ethnic minorities and patients with language barriers. Previous studies have found differential prescription patterns of opioids for racial and ethnic minority group and patients having limited English proficiency (LEP) after arthroplasty. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how the intersection of these sociodemographic factors is associated with immediate postoperative pain management. This study aimed to explore language and racial-ethnic disparities in short-term opioid utilization after total hip and knee arthroplasty.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent total hip and knee arthroplasty from 2015 to 2019 at an urban medical center. The primary predictor variables included LEP status and racial-ethnic category, and the primary outcome variables were oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) during 2 distinct postoperative periods: the first 12 hours after surgery and from the end of surgery to the end of postoperative day (POD) 1. Patient characteristics and perioperative metrics were described by language status, race, and ethnicity using nonparametric tests, as appropriate. We performed an adjusted generalized estimating equation to assess the total effect of the intersection of LEP and racial-ethnic categories on short-term postoperative opioid use in mean ratios (MRs).

RESULTS:
This study included a total of 4090 observations, in which 7.9% (323) patients had LEP. Patients reported various racial-ethnic categories, with 72.7% (2975) non-Hispanic White, and minority groups including non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander (AAPI), Hispanic/Latinx, non-Hispanic Black/African American, and Others. Patients self-identifying as non-Hispanic AAPI received fewer OME regardless of LEP status during the first 12 hours postoperatively (MR for English proficient [EP], 0.12 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.08–0.18]; MR for LEP, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.13–0.37]) and from end of surgery to the end of POD 1 (MR for EP, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.16–0.37]; MR for LEP, 0.42, [95% CI, 0.24–0.73]) than EP non-Hispanic White. Hispanic/Latinx patients with LEP received lower amounts of OME during the first postoperative 12 hours (MR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.17–0.53) and from end of surgery to the end of POD 1 (MR, 0.42; 95% CI 0.23–0.79) than EP non-Hispanic White. Furthermore, within the non-Hispanic White group, those with LEP received fewer OME within the first 12 hours (MR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13–0.83).

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified an association between LEP, racial-ethnic identity, and short-term postoperative OME utilization after total knee and hip arthroplasty. The observed differences in opioid utilization imply there may be language and racial-ethnic disparities in acute pain management and perioperative care.