bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mimicking functional elements of the natural flow regime promotes native fish recovery in a regulated river
Authors: Baruch Ethan M. , Yarnell Sarah M. , Grantham Theodore E. , Ayers Jessica R. , Rypel Andrew L. , Lusardi Robert A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStreamflow regimes that maintain vital functions and processes of aquatic ecosystems are critical to sustaining ecosystem health. In rivers with altered flow regimes, restoring components of the natural flow regime is predicted to conserve freshwater biodiversity by supporting ecological functions and geomorphological processes to which native communities are adapted. However, the effectiveness of environmental flow restoration is poorly understood because of inadequate monitoring and uncertainty in ecological responses to managed changes in specific, quantifiable aspects of the annual streamflow regime. Here, we used time series models to analyze 25 years of fish assemblage data collected before and after environmental flow implementation in a dammed river in California, USA. We examined the response of the fish community to changes in individual components of the flow regime known to support ecosystem functions. We found that as functional flow components shifted toward their predicted natural range, the quasi‐extinction risk (likelihood of population declines of >80%) decreased for the native fish assemblage. Following environmental flow implementation, observed changes toward natural ranges of dry season duration, fall pulse flow magnitude, and wet season timing each reduced quasi‐extinction risk by at least 40% for the native assemblage. However, functional flow components that shifted away from their predicted natural range, including lower spring recession flows and higher dry season baseflow, resulted in greater quasi‐extinction risk for native species. In contrast, non‐native species decreased in abundance when flow components shifted toward predicted natural ranges and increased when components shifted away from their natural range. Although most functional flow components remained outside of their natural range following environmental flow implementation, our results indicate that even moderate shifts toward a natural flow regime can benefit native and suppress non‐native fish species. Overall, this study provides the most compelling evidence to date of the effectiveness of functional environmental flows in supporting native fish recovery in a highly regulated river.
Charging control of lithium‐ion battery and energy management system in electric vehicles
Authors: Konijeti Mali Satya Naga Krishna , Murugan Lakshmi Bharathi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn terms of electric vehicle architectures, the drivetrain offers unprecedented freedom, but it also creates new obstacles in terms of achieving all needs. The architecture of electric vehicles is simplified and adjustable at the component level because they don't have a combustion engine or fuel tank, only an electric motor and a battery. Implementing safe zones within electric vehicles (EVs) to accommodate battery packs necessitates significant adjustments to ensure the secure integration of the battery. A Battery EV, also known as a pure EV, solely relies on rechargeable battery packs as its source of energy, without any additional propulsion system. The Battery Management System (BMS) plays a significant role in maintaining the safety of electric vehicles by controlling the electronics of rechargeable batteries, whether they are individual cells or battery packs. The BMS plays crucial role in protecting both the user and the battery by monitoring and maintaining the cell's operation within safe limits. This research paper focuses on the control of solar‐powered charging for lithium‐ion batteries. An optimized FOPID controller is utilized to maximize power extraction from PV array and efficiently charge the battery. A hybrid optimization model is employed to optimize the gain parameters of the FOPID controller.
Stratification of outcome of shoulder dystocia according to maneuver used for delivery, retrospective cohort and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elbarbary Nouran , Atre Rohit , Kurian Dona , Viswanatha Radhika , Ghai Vishali , Ganapathy Ramesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundShoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric condition with potential long‐term neonatal complications. The risk of neonatal injury might be related to the condition itself as well as to the obstetrics maneuvers used for its release.ObjectivesTo examine the available evidence to assess current management and possible improvement of outcomes.Search StrategyA comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, and The Cochrane Library database was performed, all studies reporting on neonatal outcomes in cases of shoulder dystocia stratified by obstetric maneuvers used for delivery were included. Data abstraction was performed and checked by two independent reviewers.ResultsMcRoberts maneuver was the least associated with risk of neonatal injury (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.4–0.9), followed by delivery of posterior arm.ConclusionDelivery of posterior arm might be prioritized in cases of shoulder dystocia after failed McRoberts. Neonatal hypoxic injury correlates with the duration of dystocia rather than the maneuver used.
A predictive model for ischemic colitis: Integrating clinical and laboratory parameters
Authors: Hu Chonghui , Zhao Xiuying , Jiang Bo , Jiang Xuan , Ren Yutang , Guo Jiaojiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to develop a predictive model for the clinical diagnosis of ischemic colitis (IC).MethodsClinical data were collected from patients with acute IC lesions who were diagnosed and admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022. These patients were included in the IC case group in this retrospective observational study. The control group comprised patients aged ≥40 years who were diagnosed with abdominal pain during the same period, excluding those with IC. All patients were divided into a training and test sets based on the time window. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to screen risk factors for the occurrence of IC. Logistic stepwise regression (maximum likelihood ratio method) was performed in multifactorial analysis, and a diagnostic prediction model for IC was established using R language. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was examined to assess differentiation using working ROC curves. We used bootstrap resampling (1000 times) for internal validation. Model calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were also applied.ResultsOur study indicates that constipation, hematochezia, neutrophil counts, and specific abdominal computed tomography (CT) (plain scan) findings, including intestinal wall edema and thickening, intestinal lumen stenosis, and dilation, are independent predictors of IC. The predictive model exhibited high discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.9788 in the training set, and the calibration and DCA curves demonstrated excellent model performance. After validation, the AUC remained robust at 0.9868, underscoring the model's reliability in predicting IC.ConclusionAccording to our model, constipation accompanied by hematochezia necessitates careful consideration of IC. Abdominal CT (plain scan) is an effective diagnostic tool for IC, and it is common for patients to exhibit elevated neutrophil counts. The predictive model, demonstrating high discriminative ability and accuracy, shows promise for practical application in clinical settings, aiding in the early diagnosis and management of IC.
Fabrication of an innovative phosphonate Schiff base adsorbent for molybdenum adsorption and its applications for molybdenum adsorption from spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst
Authors: Younis Huda M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo investigate the recovery of molybdate from water and hydrodesulfurization catalysts, a novel synthesized phosphonate Schiff base, 4,4′‐(((2,2‐dimethylpropane‐1,3‐diyl) bis(azaneylylidene)) bis(methaneylylidene)) bis(2‐methoxyphenol) (HMI) and 4‐(((3‐((4‐(((S)‐hydroxyhydrophosphoryl)oxy)‐3‐methoxybenzylidene) amino)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenyl hydrogen phosphonate (HIMP), was utilized. This study aimed to assess the structural and property aspects of this synthesized compound using diverse characterizations, including FTIR, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), mass spectrometry (GC–MS), fluorescence transfer spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and 31P‐NMR.RESULTSThe study systematically examined several factors controlling molybdate recovery, including temperature, adsorbent dosage, pH, interaction time, and molybdate concentration using the batch technique. Optimal sorption effectiveness was achieved at pH 2, with an interaction time of 40 min, a 0.06 g adsorbent dose, at ambient temperature. The newly devised adsorbent exhibited an impressive adsorption capacity (Qe) of 372.54 mg of Mo per gram, with empirical data fitting the Langmuir and D‐R adsorption models. The kinetics of molybdate uptake followed second‐order kinetics. Thermodynamic aspects, including ΔG°, ΔS°, and ΔH°, were also investigated, providing appreciated perceptions into the energetic dynamics of the sorption process. Additionally, molybdate adsorption in the occurrence of other ions was explored, highlighting the selectivity of the modified phosphonate Schiff base for molybdate removal.CONCLUSIONThe study underscores the potential of the modified phosphonate Schiff base as a crucial adsorbent for molybdate elimination from both solutions and spent hydrodesulfurization catalysts. The findings offer important insights into the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and selectivity of the adsorbent, enhancing our understanding of molybdate recovery processes and their broader applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
An adverse rearing environment alters maternal responsiveness to infant ultrasonic vocalizations
Authors: Rekapalli Alekhya K. , Roman Isabel C. , Brenhouse Heather C. , Cody Caitlyn R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRodent pups use a variety of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to facilitate maternal care. Importantly, infant USV repertoires are dependent on both the age and early life experiences of the pups. We have shown that an adverse rearing environment modeled with the maternal separation (MS) paradigm alters caregiving behavior but little is known about how pup USVs differentially elicit maternal attention. In the present study, maternal approach towards a vocalizing pup over a non‐vocalizing pup was tested in a Y‐maze apparatus at two developmental time points over the course of MS. At postnatal day (P)10, MS dams engaged in longer interaction times with vocalizing pups compared to non‐vocalizing pup, and this effect was strongest in male pups. As expected at P20, dams did not show a preference for either the vocalizing or non‐vocalizing pups regardless of rearing environment; however, MS dams spent a greater amount of time in the center of the apparatus as compared to control dams, which can be interpreted as a measure of uncertainty or indecision. These effects of MS on dam USV sensitivity are important considering the sex specific effects of MS exposure across all developmental stages. Our novel findings support the hypothesis that sex‐specific pup‐dam interactions may drive later life outcomes following adversity.
High‐resolution three‐dimensional micro‐computed tomography assessment of micro‐architectural patterns in non‐adults with cribra orbitalia: Correlation between macro‐ and micro‐scale bone features
Authors: Mikasinovic Veda , Djukic Ksenija , Milenkovic Petar , Jadzic Jelena , Milovanovic Petar , Djuric Marija 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkeletal porous lesions such as cribra orbitalia (CO) have long been of interest to bioanthropologists worldwide, mainly due to their high prevalence in osteological material. Previous studies considered CO as an external morphological manifestation, and therefore, research has mainly focused on visible (macroscopic) CO patterns. However, the understanding of CO‐induced micro‐scale bone changes is still scarce. Therefore, we performed high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography imaging to investigate three‐dimensional CO‐induced micro‐architectural patterns in non‐adults, with a particular focus on the correlation between macroscopic and micro‐architectural orbital features. Cortical and trabecular micro‐architectural changes in the orbital roof were analyzed in non‐adults younger than 15 years, using orbital roof samples with and without macroscopic traces of CO (n = 28). A widely accepted five‐grade macroscopic CO scoring system was applied to analyze CO severity. Areas affected with CO (area 1) and areas without macroscopic CO traces (area 2) were analyzed separately. The conducted high‐resolution analysis showed that cortical and trabecular micro‐architecture varied with CO presence, lesion severity (CO grade), and the analyzed area. Inter‐grade comparisons suggested that most of the analyzed micro‐architectural parameters were not significantly different between adjacent CO grades. Based on the micro‐architectural evaluation of areas 1 and 2, the porous lesions were much more extensive than revealed by gross examination. In addition, micro‐architectural differences were particularly pronounced in younger non‐adults. In summary, our pilot study suggests that the macroscopic examination of CO reflects only the tip of the iceberg, as the micro‐architectural changes seem to be much larger than macroscopically identified.Research Highlights
Cribra orbitalia (CO) represents orbital porous lesions.
A high‐resolution microscopic assessment of CO‐induced changes in non‐adults was done by micro‐computed tomography.
The microarchitecture was affected by CO presence, CO grade, area, and age.
Assessment and management of allergic rhinitis: A review and evidence‐informed approach for family medicine
Authors: Jangan Akash , Mughal Zahir , Ahmad Ahmar , Simmons Mark , Sheikh Aziz , Mughal Faraz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAllergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder affecting nasal mucosa in response to allergen exposure and is commonly assessed and managed in family medicine. In this article, we review new international guidelines on the diagnosis and management of allergic rhinitis and generate evidence‐informed recommendations for family medicine doctors.
The development and implementation of a radiation therapy bariatric protocol
Authors: Cooke Stacey , Golusin Nick , Rattray Greg , Blyth Jemma , Parkinson Michelle , Hargrave Catriona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rate of obesity is increasing in the Australian population, and this also includes patients with cancer. The safety and dignity of this cohort of patients is paramount as well as the timely acquisition of equipment required to assist patients with obesity to complete a course of radiation therapy (RT). The design and manufacture of equipment used in most RT departments is not suitable for the weight or BMI of all patients presenting for treatment. RT also operates under a unique set of circumstances that differs from the routine hospital environment which prompted the design of an RT bariatric protocol for use in our department. The protocol is based on the mapping of a patient's pathway from simulation and treatment. Treatment technique and equipment limitations as well as information relating to a patient with high BMI are used as trigger points that direct a patient pathway. The bariatric protocol provides the RT team with decision‐making support for appropriate resource utilisation ensuring safe and efficient treatment delivery for both the patient and staff. This paper will outline how the RT bariatric protocol was developed and implemented in our department, highlighting areas that required more attention due to the RT‐specific environment.
Sepsis call emergency department pharmacist service: a single healthcare network cohort study
Authors: Banakh Iouri , Louey Stephen , Rivers Graham , Hem Tavan , Israelian Lili , Kang Junwon , Luu Vivienne , Tanyeri Firuz , Rosler Rachel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSepsis and septic shock are common emergency department (ED) presentations, with current guidelines recommending early administration of antibiotics to reduce mortality.AimSepsis calls with pharmacist attendance have been introduced at two EDs, and the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this service on outcomes of all septic patients.MethodAt a multisite, single healthcare network, located in Victoria, Australia, emergency medicine pharmacists were trained in assisting medical staff in antibiotic selection, dosing, and delivering antibiotics directly to nursing staff. The sepsis call service was introduced in May 2022 at one site and in March 2023 at another site, with time to first antibiotic administration, morbidity, and mortality being compared to the outcomes of patients from the same EDs from January–April 2022 (group 1). Post the sepsis call introduction, two cohorts were compared: sepsis call attended patients without a pharmacist (group 2) and with a pharmacist (group 3). This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: RES‐23‐0000‐237Q). The justification for this ethics exemption was as follows: the study was retrospective, included privacy protections for patients' data, and presented no increased risk to patient care.ResultsThe study included 201 patients, with time to first antibiotic administration on average 302.0 min in group 1, 201.3 min (p = 0.007) in group 2, and 89.8 min (p < 0.001) in group 3. Mortality (p = 0.306), rates of acute kidney injury (p = 0.111), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p = 0.002), and need for dialysis (p = 0.497) were all reduced in group 3. Adherence to antibiotic guidelines was increased in group 3 (p < 0.001).ConclusionEmergency medicine pharmacist contribution led to reduced time to first antibiotic, an improved adherence to antibiotic guidelines, and positive trends in secondary clinical outcomes. Further research is required to determine the significance of improvements in mortality, intensive care unit admissions, and renal impairment.
Pharmacist's role in influenza immunisation: a scoping review
Authors: Parracha Edna Ribeiro , Rodrigues António Teixeira , Oliveira‐Martins Sofia , Romano Sónia , Almeida Diogo , Sepodes Bruno , Torre Carla 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity pharmacists have become flu vaccine immunisers in several countries to increase vaccine uptake.AimThis study aimed to perform a scoping review to evaluate the pharmacist's role and contribution to flu immunisation coverage, satisfaction and promotion as vaccine providers.DesignThe framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) were considered for this analysis. Two electronic databases (PubMed and Cochrane Library) were used to search for relevant peer‐reviewed quantitative, qualitative and mixed‐method studies published between 1990 and 2022.ResultsA total of 37 studies were included. These studies suggested that, over time, there was an increase in the rate of vaccine administration within community pharmacies across the various countries examined. Moreover, patients have consistently expressed their satisfaction with the convenience and accessibility of pharmacy‐based vaccine services, with some expressing a preference for pharmacies over traditional visits to their general practitioner′s office.ConclusionSeveral initiatives aimed at promoting flu vaccination have been rolled out in pharmacy settings, and a number of these initiatives have demonstrated positive outcomes. The flu vaccination service provided by pharmacists has proven to be an asset in public health by improving accessibility to immunisation services. Pharmacists should continue to take part in yearly flu vaccination programs as flu vaccine providers as they contribute to an increased uptake of immunisations by the population. Extending these services to other vaccines should be further considered.
Risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis following COVID‐19: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Hye Jun , Jeong Seogsong , Song Jihun , Park Sun Jae , Park Young Jun , Oh Yun Hwan , Jung Jaehun , Park Sang Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent studies elucidate that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients may face a higher risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate association of COVID‐19 with the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study included Korean adult citizens between January 2021 and March 2022 from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency COVID‐19 National Health Insurance Service cohort. The Fine and Gray's regression with all‐cause death as a competing event was adopted to evaluate PE and DVT risks after COVID‐19. This study included a total of 1,601,835 COVID‐19 patients and 14,011,285 matched individuals without COVID‐19. The risk of PE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 6.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.67–10.66;p < 0.001) and DVT (aHR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.75–5.29;p < 0.001) was higher in COVID‐19 group in individuals without complete COVID‐19 vaccination. In addition, individuals with complete COVID‐19 vaccination still had a higher risk of COVID‐19‐related PE (aHR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15–1.88;p < 0.001). However, COVID‐19 was not a significant risk factor for DVT among those with complete COVID‐19 vaccination. COVID‐19 was identified as an independent factor that elevated PE and DVT risks, especially for individuals without complete COVID‐19 vaccination.
A novel method for highly linear gradient coil design based on stream function
Authors: Zhou Yufu , Liu Zhengrong , Zhang Qing , Du Huiyu , Qi Fulang , Wang Changliang , Luo Penghui , Yuan Kecheng , Liu Qingyun , Huang Xiaoyan , Qiu Bensheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMagnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are non‐invasive imaging techniques that offer effective means for disease diagnosis. A more straightforward and optimized method is presented for designing gradient coils which are pivotal parts of the above imaging systems.PurposeA novel design method based on stream function combining an optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain highly linear gradient coil.MethodsTwo‐dimensional Fourier expansion of the current field on the surface where the coil is located and the equipotential line of the expansion term superposition according to the number of turns of the coil are used to represent the coil shape. Particle swarm optimization is utilized to optimize the coil shape while linearity and field uniformity are used as parameters to evaluate the coil performance. Through this method, the main parameters such as input current distribution region, coil turns, desired magnetic field strength, expansion order and iteration times can be combined in a given solution space to optimize coil design.ResultsSimulation results show that the maximum linearity spatial deviation of the designed bi‐planar x‐gradient coil compared with that of target field method is reduced from 14% to 0.54%, and that of the bi‐planar z‐gradient coil is reduced from 8.98% to 0.52%. Similarly, that of the cylindrical x‐gradient coil is reduced from 2% to 0.1%, and that of the cylindrical z‐gradient coil is reduced from 0.87% to 0.45%. The similar results are found in the index of inhomogeneity error. Moreover, it has also been verified experimentally that the result of measured magnetic field is consist with simulated result.ConclusionsThe proposed method provides a straightforward way that simplifies the design process and improves the linearity of designed gradient coil, which could be beneficial to realize better magnetic field in engineering applications.