bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Carbon Nanowalls and Few-Layer Graphene Sheets on Transparent Conductive Substrates
Authors: Höltig Michael , Ruhmlieb Charlotte , Strelow Christian , Kipp Tobias , Mews Alf 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We report on the growth of carbon nanowalls and few-layer graphene
sheets on glass substrates coated with different transparent
conductive oxides or gold. The growth is accomplished by
a capacitively-coupled radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor
deposition setup with a gas mixture of C2H2,
H2, and Ar or He. This system allows the
synthesis of thin vertical carbon nanosheets without catalyst at mild
reaction conditions due to the low plasma density, which is preferable
for sensitive substrate materials. In fact, the electrical properties
of the transparent conductive indium tin oxide and fluorine-doped tin
oxide stay intact upon carbon growth. Carbon nanowalls and few-layer
graphene sheets on transparent conductive oxides are promising
candidates for solar-cell applications while these nanostructures on
gold coated glass can act as catalyst support material.
Easy and Fast Phase Transfer of CTAB Stabilised Gold Nanoparticles from Water to Organic Phase
Authors: Kittler Susann , Hickey Stephen G. , Wolff Thomas , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Spheric and anisotropic gold nanoparticles (GNPs) such as rods, stars
or nanoprism prepared using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)
as the stabilising agent have received a great deal of interest in the
last years. The literature procedures exploited lead to GNPs in
aqueous solution. We herein describe a fast, efficient, and cheap
method to transfer particles of different shapes from water into
toluene solution via ligand exchange (CTAB to dodecanethiol),
which was mediated by acetone as a cosolvent. Absorption spectra and
TEM-pictures before and after the transfer revealed that the particles
survived the transfer intact and without change in shape.
Ion Beam and Plasma Technology for Improved Biocompatible Surfaces
Authors: Solnick-Legg Hillary , Legg Keith 
Published: December 2014

Medical implant devices are being increasingly used to replace or stimulate damaged or diseased body parts. Because the body rejects any foreign matter, these components should appear, to the body, to be of natural or nonforeign material. An obvious approach is to construct prosthetics or other implant devices of “natural” material, such as bone mineral. While this can be done, in practice it is not feasible for large components since bone mineral does not possess sufficient structural or mechanical strength. Furthermore, items such as pacemakers or electrodes cannot be fabricated from bone mineral.Since it is the surface of the medical implant that is in direct contact with the body, one solution in designing the device is to choose the bulk material for mechanical strength or other properties and to hide the surface of the device with a coating of biocompatible material. Since bone mineral is one of the most biocompatible materials known, much effort has been devoted to developing surface treatment processes to deposit this material on prosthetics and other implants.The material bones and teeth are composed of is quite complex. Tooth enamel, itself a coating, is very durable and primarily composed of a hydrated form of calcium phosphate called hydroxylapatite (Ca10(PO4)A(OH)2), or HA. Bones are approximately 60–70% HA. However, it is not sufficient to simply produce a coating with the same chemical constitutents as HA.
GÊNEROS TEXTUAIS NA INTERNET: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE EDUCAÇÃO PELA PESQUISA
Authors: Henrique Ana Lúcia Sarmento 
Published: December 2014

Este artigo descreve uma experiência de educação pela pesquisa implementada no CEFETRN. Fundamenta-se em Demo (2000), para quem ensinar através da pesquisa é ensinar um posicionamento reflexivo, crítico, reconstrutivo e inovador; e em Echeverría (2002), que defende que ensinar por meio da pesquisa é ensinar em valores científicos. Propôs-se à turma a preparação de um artigo. Para sua consecução, a classe foi dividida em grupos. Cada um selecionou um gênero textual encontrado na Internet. Foram distribuídos dois
roteiros, realizaram-se encontros em sala para discussão do progresso das pesquisas, cujo resultado foi apresentado em forma de seminário aberto à comunidade. O processo não foi
isento de dificuldades, mas os pontos positivos prevaleceram: a integração dos conteúdos da disciplina em uma atividade prática, a construção de conhecimento novo resultante de
análise e reflexão; e a reflexão sobre fenômenos cotidianos, para provocar o estranhamento e conseqüente ad-miração daquilo que já se tornou habitual.

Palavras-chave: educação, pesquisa, valores científicos, gêneros textuais.
INVENTÁRIO DE EMISSÕES DE DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO (CO2) GERADAS POR FONTES MÓVEIS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE – PERÍODO DE JANEIRO DE 2003 A JUNHO DE 2004
Authors: Macêdo Rafael Freire de 
Published: December 2014

A elevada contribuição de fontes móveis para o aumento das concentrações de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera torna-se fator de estudo. O estado do Rio Grande do Norte apresenta
um alto índice de motorização, cerca de 35 veículos por cada 100 habitantes, portanto, um elevado consumo de combustíveis derivados do petróleo. Estatísticas apontam que 97% das emissões veiculares são de CO2, comprovando a preocupação de se realizar inventários destas. A método top-down, reconhecido internacionalmente e recomendado pela ONU, foi seguido para a quantificação de gases de efeito estufa emitidos pela combustão de combustíveis fósseis em motores de veículos rodoviários, comprovando os altos teores de poluentes atmosféricos lançados na atmosfera do estado. A poluição atmosférica afeta a saúde ambiental bem como a estética urbana, acarretando perdas econômicas. A
substituição do modal de transporte particular pelo coletivo e a adoção de novas tecnologias trarão ganhos ambientais além de impulsionar novas matrizes energéticas.
Poe’s Vision of Atonement: The Anthropic Principle in Eureka
Authors: Bulz Adriana Carolina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
I will focus on the imaginative contribution that Edgar Allen Poe brought to scientific debates regarding the fate of our universe. At the basis of many a nightmarish vision of apocalyptic destruction, there lies the unwillingness of the human mind to make allowance for divine intervention or to make an imaginative appeal to the soothing power of such a morally superior instance. For all his avantgardistic vision, Poe insists upon and constructs his cosmological model around the principle of a Divine Essence, which initially created the universe and which is omnipresent, being embodied and living through all God’s creatures. As the instrument to detect this force, Poe proposes intuition and, empowered by it, he is able to state “calmly” an “absolute truth” - confirmed by present-day cosmology - namely that our universe is evolving, its existence a mere cycle in the beating of the Divine Heart. The cornerstone of Poe’s visionary cosmology consists of what is known as “the anthropic principle”, which will be used in the present paper as a possible key to achieving a dialogic interface between Science and Religion at a time when such an opportunity constitutes a rather stringent necessity.
Endometrial Cytology at Luteal and Follicular Phases of the Ovarian Cycle in Cows
Authors: Brodzki Piotr , Brodzki Adam , Kurek Łukasz , Marczuk Jan , Tatara Marcin R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine cytological changes in the uterus in cows during the follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle, as well as to compare two different methods (brush and flushing) used for cytological material collection and to evaluate their usefulness for monitoring of the endometrium. Ovarian cycle phases were confirmed by ultrasound and by the level of sex hormones (17-β-estradiol and progesterone). The following types of cells were identified in the cytological smears: type I - surface cells; type II - intermediate cells; type III - basal cells; polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); L - lymphocytes. The number of type I and III cells was statistically significantly higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase, both in smears prepared using a brush (P<0.001) and by uterine flush (P=0.003). The number of type II cells was statistically significantly higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase in both methods (P<0.001). The results of the study show that phases of the ovarian cycle in cows can be identified based on changes in the quality and percentage of different types of endometrial cells in a cytological examination.
Acute Stress, Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Gonadal Axis and Testicular Function – A Review
Authors: Damián Juan Pablo , Bausero María , Bielli Alejandro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The fact that the stress response affects testicular function in several animal species, has been established for several decades. The aim of the present review was to describe how the mechanisms involved in the acute stress response affect directly or indirectly the testicular function at different levels. Both neuroendocrine axes linked to the stress response, i.e., the sympathetic-adrenomedullar (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HHA) axis, affect the functioning of the hypothalamus-hypophyseal-gonadal (HHG) axis. Furthermore, both axes affect testicular function directly. Several reports support the concept that, in general terms, the HHA axis (as well as the hormones belonging to it) inhibits the HHG axis and also has direct effects on testicular function. The information regarding the effects of the SAM axis either on the HHG axis or as direct effects on testicular function are contradictory, and depends on whether the studies were performed in vivo or in vitro. Nevertheless, in general, stimulative effects are reported by the SAM axis. Both hormonal axes linked to the stress response exert direct effects on testicular function, on Leydig, Sertoli, myoid, and germ cells.
On Exponential Trichotomy of Cocycles over Semiflows
Authors: Biriş Larisa , Retezan Raluca 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe paper considers a concept of exponential trichotomy for cocycles over semiflows in Banach spaces and as a particular case the corresponding dichotomy concept. Our main objective is to give a characterization of exponential trichotomy for a cocycle over a semiflow in terms of exponential dichotomy of two associated cocycles over the same semi ow.
Study of Fixed Point Theorem for Common Limit Range Property and Application to Functional Equations
Authors: Nashine Hemant Kumar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of our paper is to use common limit range property for two pairs of mappings deriving common fixed point results under a generalized altering distance function. Some examples are given to exhibit different type of situation which shows the requirements of conditions of our results. At the end the existence and uniqueness of solutions for certain system of functional equations arising in dynamic programming with the help of a common fixed point theorem is presented.
On the Solutions of a Class of Nonlinear Integral Equations in the Banach Algebra of the Continuous Functions and Some Examples
Authors: Özdemir Ismet , Ilhan Bekir , Çakan Ümit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of the solutions of a class of functional integral equations which contain a lot of classical nonlinear integral equations as special cases. We consider the solvability of the equations in the Banach algebra of continuous functions on a closed and bounded interval. The main tools here are the measure of noncompactness and the suitable fixed point theorem for the product of two operators in the Banach algebra.
Experiments and Recommendations for Partitioning Systems of Equations
Authors: Mafteiu-Scai Liviu Octavian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPartitioning the systems of equations is a very important process when solving it on a parallel computer. This paper presents some criteria which leads to more efficient parallelization, that must be taken into consideration. New criteria added to preconditioning process by reducing average bandwidth are pro- posed in this paper. These new criteria lead to a combination between preconditioning and partitioning of systems equations, so no need two distinct algorithms/processes. In our proposed methods - where the preconditioning is done by reducing the average bandwidth- two directions were followed in terms of partitioning: for a given preconditioned system determining the best partitioning (or one as close) and the second consist in achieving an adequate preconditioning, depending on a given/desired partitioning. A mixed method it is also proposed. Experimental results, conclusions and recommendations, obtained after parallel implementation of conjugate gradient on IBM BlueGene /P supercomputer- based on a synchronous model of parallelization- are also presented in this paper.
Physiological and perceptual responses to three consecutive official matches in female boxer. A case study
Authors: Obmiński Zbigniew , Turowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological cost of three consecutive official boxing fights played during a 3-day tournament and two non-contact specific drills against handheld pads of the same time-profile as the contest, 4 × 2 minutes with 1-minute intervals between them. This assessment was based on the determination of selected hormones and metabolites in the blood sampled directly prior to the contests and throughout short-term post-contest recovery.

Material and methods: A female amateur boxer was enrolled on the study during a 3-day Polish Boxing Championship, where one match was played on each day. The timing of capillary blood sampling during each match and the drill was as follows: 10 minutes prior to the effort, and 3 and 30 minutes after its completion. Cortisol (C), testosterone (T), and glucose (G) were determined in the serum, while lactate (LA) was determined in the blood. In addition, prior to each effort, serum creatine kinase (CK) and urea (U) was determined. Directly after each effort, the perception of fatigue (PF) was rated.

Results: G, C, and T during official matches were significantly higher than those during non-contact drills. Post-event G, C, T, and LA were higher compared to pre-event values.

Conclusions: An official boxing match produced higher stress than a drill of the same time-profile and similar modality. Changes in blood indices corresponded well with the perception of fatigue.
Modelling and analysis of lower limb joint loads during the Naeryo chagi technique in taekwondo
Authors: Górski Michał , Lekszycki Tomasz , Buśko Krzysztof , Mazur-Różycka Joanna 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Study aim: estimate reaction forces and muscle torque in lower limb joints during the Naeryo chagi technique in taekwondo.

Material and methods: the parameters of the Naeryo chagi kick were measured with a Vicon motion tracking system comprising ten MX T40S cameras, two reference cameras and four AMTI BP600900-2000 force plates. Additional measurements were performed using the BTS-4AP-2K force analysis system equipped with a WB-4AP punching bag. The acquired raw data were processed and synchronized using Matlab v.R2007a software. A computer simulation created on the basis of the adopted mathematical model was used to identify reaction forces and control moments.

Results: the highest joint loads occurred at the moment when the striking leg reversed its movement direction from rising to rapidly falling towards the target. The knee and ankle joints of the supporting leg were subject to greatest reaction forces and muscle torque.

Conclusions: it is recommended to follow an exercise routine aimed at strengthening and stabilizing the structures of motor system subject to the greatest load.
Cardio-pulmonary fitness and anthropometric features in men aged 50+ trained in long-distance running and those not trained
Authors: Witek Katarzyna , Mazurek Krzysztof , Mróz Anna , Czajkowska Anna , Kęska Anna 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Study aim: the aim of study was assessment somatic features and selected cardio-ventilatory indices in men above 50 years old with different physical activity levels.

Materials and methods: the study included 55 men on average aged 54.5 ± 4.32, classified to the trained group (T), n = 33, and not trained group (NT), n = 22. Total physical activity was assessed using the SDPAR Questionnaire. Measurements: anthropometric indices, ventilatory indices and VO2 peak, hemodynamic indices and fatigue using Borg scale during exercise maximal test.

Results: daily energy expenditures for sport and recreation differ significantly between T and NT groups, 6.82 METs vs. 0.2 METs, respectively (p < 0.001). Men in T and NT groups significantly differ in somatic features, and cardio-pulmonary indices including: time of physical tests effort (s) 1103 ± 193 vs. 681 ± 328; max speed (km/h) 14 ± 1.5 vs. 10 ± 1.4, VE peak 135.9 ± 21.17 l/min vs. 112.9 ± 21.49 l/min; VO2 peak 61.8 ± 8.83 ml/kg/min vs. 41.9 ± 8.55 ml/kg/min; HR rest (beat/min) 69 ± 16.95 vs. 83 ± 14.48; HR peak (beat/min) 171 ± 1.23 vs. 163 ± 15.28; SV peak (ml) 162 ± 24.23 vs. 135 ± 33.22; CO peak 27.4 ± 4,3 vs. 21.6 ± 5.17.

Conclusions: men aged 50+ who practice running training differ favourably and significantly from men not trained in anthropometric as well as cardio-ventilatory indices. Significant correlations were found between DEE and FAT(%), VO2 peak (ml/kg/min), SV peak (ml) and COpeak (l/min) as well between CO peak and VO2peak was record linear relationship (r = 0.56).
Comparison of two boxing training simulators
Authors: Buśko Krzysztof , Staniak Zbigniew , Łach Patrycja , Mazur-Różycka Joanna , Radosław Michalski  , Górski Michał 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Study aim: the aim of the study was to compare two methods for measuring punching and kicking force and the reaction time of athletes.

Material and methods: both systems were designed to measure and to analyse the mechanical characteristics of punches and strikes delivered by upper and lower limbs to a punching bag. The main difference between both punching bags was the way in which the delivered force was measured. The first method used strain gauges while the second method used accelerometer technology. Both systems consisted of a punching bag with software, attached signal diodes, and either embedded accelerometers or strain gauges. The bags were of different sizes. Acceleration transducers and gyroscopes or strain gauges were placed inside the punching bags, which allowed for measuring dynamics while the bag was struck. The software calculated strike force, the point of force application and its direction, and reaction time. Both systems were tested.

Results: the results of the accelerometer-based method show that the mean relative error of force calculation amounts to 3%. The measurement error of acceleration is less than 1%. The mean relative measurement error of the striking surface on the punching bag is 2%. However, the measurement error of force recorded with the strain gauge-based method is less than 1%. The results show that both systems are similar.

Conclusions: the punching bag having an embedded accelerometer is equipped with more versatile software, which makes the system a good tool for practical application in combat sport training.
High Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism in One Region of the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Anastasovska V. , R. Koviloska , M. Kocova 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation in children. Diagnosis is difficult at birth without neonatal screening. Neonatal thyroid screening was established in Prilep, Republic of Macedonia as an integral part of the nationwide screening program. To estimate the prevalence of CH in this region, neonatal thyroid screening was performed on 9757 newborns, during the period 2002-2011. The DELFIA method was applied to measure the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in dried blood spot samples on standard filter paper taken 48 hours after birth by heel-stick. The TSH cut-off level was 10 mU/L.
The neonatal thyroid screening coverage was 93.4%. Eight newborns with CH were detected, with an incidence of 1:1220 live births, significantly higher compared to the nationwide results 1:2602. The TSH level was not significantly dependent on the gender of the newborn. There was a statistically significant difference between the TSH level and the timing of newborn screening sampling (p <0.05) and between the TSH level and the newborn birth weight (p = 0.01). One point ninety-two percent of newborns with TSH levels above 5 mU/L indicated an iodine sufficiency in Prilep. The incidence of CH in Prilep, which is higher when compared with that reported in surrounding countries, might be a consequence of the higher percentage of the Romany population in this region. Further analysis of this population in other regions is warranted.
Hodge theory for twisted differentials
Authors: Angella Daniele , Kasuya Hisashi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We study cohomologies and Hodge theory for complex manifolds with twisted differentials. In
particular, we get another cohomological obstruction for manifolds in class C of Fujiki. We give a Hodgetheoretical
proof of the characterization of solvmanifolds in class C of Fujiki, first stated by D. Arapura.
A new tidal analysis of superconducting gravity observations in Western and Central Europe
Authors: Hábel Branislav , Meurers Bruno 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Tidal analysis was applied on 1 hour gravity data acquired by a subnet of 12 superconducting gravimeters situated in western and central parts of Europe. Tidal parameters for O1 and M2 were adjusted. Most of the gravity time series were provided by the Global geodynamics project. Filter effects of the decimation process were carefully studied and taken into account where necessary. The ocean loading effect included in observed tidal parameters was removed using 8 ocean models with different spatial resolutions. Two different comparisons of corrected tidal parameters were performed. As a result, the accuracy of ocean loading correction and global calibration error were evaluated. For O1, amplitude factors are in good agreement with the hydrostatic/elastic model DDW/He while the non-hydrostatic/inelastic model DDW/NHi better describes the M2 amplitude factors. The analysis of residual vectors allowed assessing the efficiency of the used ocean loading models which is about 81% (O1) and 97% (M2).
History of remote-sensing methods in meteorology, cloud physics and nowcasting in Slovakia over the period 1965–1990
Authors: Podhorský Dušan , Guba Peter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A brief overview of building the radar and satellite meteorology in Slovakia over the period 1965-1990 and application of dispatching locators of PAR, SRE and RSR types for studying the evolution of convective cells is given. Further, the conception and implementation of a meteorological radar network in Slovakia, the algorithms for recognition of clouds and phenomena related to the parameters of radioecho are reviewed. The development of a new laser radar (LIDAR) and the application of a prototype meteorological radar with the TESLA RM-3 controlled polarizer are described.