bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for living in old age
Authors: Budyakova Tatyana Petrovna , Pronina Angelika Nikolaevna , Antipina Elena Andreevna 
Published: June 2024

The presented article is devoted to the problem of identifying and describing life strategies in old age. The theoretical part of the article shows the importance of "separating" similar terms often used in the study of the elderly as synonyms: "strategy", "paradigm", "model", etc. It is proposed to understand a life strategy in the spirit of activity and victimological approaches as general plans subordinated to a common goal that is fundamentally important for the functioning and development of personality, which requires the mobilization of resources both in previous ages and in the current one to ensure a safe, comfortable life at a young age. The fundamental importance of the victimological approach in the formulation of life strategies in old age is proved, since this age is the most sensitive to victimization. Biographical, autobiographical and meaningful content analysis were used as research methods. The materials of the analysis were the content of websites on the Internet, where the problems of the elderly are actively discussed. The scientific novelty of the study consists in identifying and describing the main life strategies in old age and their victimological assessment. Thus, such strategies were identified and described as: labor, family, home/country, sports strategy; hobby strategy; religious strategy and victim strategy. In addition, variants of these strategies were meaningfully highlighted. It is concluded that any strategy of life in old age should have the security of one's personality as the main meaning of leading activities, since it is by this age that victimization trends are increasing. Victimization, in principle, begins to be age-related. Each of the described strategies has its limitations depending on the level of health, success in the profession, family status and other factors. Therefore, for successful functioning in old age, it must be borne in mind that the most preferred strategy may not be implemented due to objective circumstances. Hence, it is necessary to have backup options for life strategies in old age and provide preparation for them in other age periods. A consciously chosen "victim" strategy is the most ineffective, since the conditions of its implementation victimize an elderly person, etc.
State of the art and future directions for measuring event-related potentials during cycling exercise: a systematic review
Authors: Renoud-Grappin Rémi , Pazart Lionel , Giustiniani Julie , Gabriel Damien 
Published: June 2024

Intro
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique for measuring brain activity that is widely used in neuroscience research. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the EEG make it possible to study sensory and cognitive processes in the brain. Previous reports have shown that aerobic exercise can have an impact on components of ERPs such as amplitude and latency. However, they focused on the measurement of ERPs after exercise.

Objectives
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the feasibility of measuring ERPs during cycling, and to assess the impact of cycling on ERPs during cycling.

Methods
We followed the PRISMA guidelines for new systematic reviews. To be eligible, studies had to include healthy adults and measure ERPs during cycling. All articles were found using Google Scholar and by searching references. Data extracted from the studies included: objectives of ERP studies, ERP paradigm, EEG system, study population data, exercise characteristics (duration, intensity, pedaling cadence), and ERP and behavioral outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess study bias.

Results
Twenty studies were selected. The effect of cycling on ERPs was mainly based on a comparison of P3 wave amplitude between cycling and resting states, using an attentional task. The ERP paradigm most often used was the auditory oddball task. Exercise characteristics and study methods varied considerably.

Discussion
It is possible to measure ERPs during cycling under conditions that are likely to introduce more artifacts, including a 3-h athletic exercise session and cycling outdoors. Secondly, no assessment of the effect of cycling on ERPs was possible, because the methods differed too widely between studies. In addition, the theories proposed to explain the results sometimes seemed to contradict each other. Although most studies reported significant results, the direction of the effects was inconsistent. Finally, we suggest some areas for improvement for future studies on the subject.
Perspectiva de género como herramienta de diseño en la rehabilitación de barrios.
Authors: Cortés Urzúa Daniela 
Published: June 2024

Ante el desafío de la política habitacional chilena de satisfacer el déficit habitacional cualitativo, la rehabilitación de conjuntos habitacionales se posiciona como una alternativa para solucionar los problemas materiales de viviendas existentes. Los conjuntos CORVI construidos con la tipología 1010 y 1020 son candidatos para una eventual rehabilitación dadas sus positivas cualidades técnicas, urbanas y espaciales. Junto a lo anterior, se considera como punto de partida para el desarrollo de un modelo de rehabilitación de vivienda colectiva en altura, el rol de las mujeres en las labores de cuidado y domésticas, tomando como caso de estudio el conjunto habitacional CORVI Jaime Eyzaguirre, ubicado en la comuna de Macul. Mediante la aplicación de una metodología de análisis cualitativo de datos, se propone un proyecto de intervención que, al incorporar tempranamente las experiencias femeninas, permite integrar en el proyecto consideraciones históricamente omitidas, tales como las labores domésticas y los roles que asumen las mujeres en los hogares. Esto resulta en una intervención multiescalar que contempla el diseño de equipamientos colectivos y espacios interiores para impactar positivamente en estos roles y favorecer su integración al mercado laboral.
Jugar Afuera.
Authors: Saavedra Quezada Catalina Isidora 
Published: June 2024

Según el Artículo 31 de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, niños y niñas tienen derecho al juego, al esparcimiento y a la participación en la vida cultural, artística y recreativa. Para las infancias urbanas, estos derechos se entienden dentro de la ciudad. Sin embargo, actualmente cada vez es más difícil para niños y niñas hacer uso de su entorno urbano, dificultando el ejercicio de sus derechos. Esto empeora en barrios de alto riesgo, donde la precariedad e inseguridad imposibilitan a la infancia el disfrute de los espacios abiertos.
A partir de la problemática anterior, el artículo indaga en la pregunta sobre cómo crear espacios públicos seguros, que garanticen los derechos de la infancia a la recreación y participación en la ciudad, en barrios de alto riesgo. Esta interrogante se aborda a través de un marco teórico en torno al juego, la infancia y sus derechos en relación con la ciudad, y la seguridad en el espacio público y se aplica al caso de estudio del barrio Bajos de Mena, un sector de la comuna de Puente Alto conocido como el gueto más grande de Chile por sus altos niveles de inseguridad y precariedad. Este se analiza de forma escalar en función de las necesidades de la infancia, el juego y la seguridad con el objetivo de identificar estrategias para crear espacios públicos de recreación más seguros. De esta forma, se plantea una recuperación del entorno urbano en beneficio de la infancia y la comunidad que lo habita.
Alcoholism, Family Violence and Related Consequences: A Case Study of Alcohol Affected Families of Punjab
Authors: Kumar Honey 
Published: June 2024

Aims: The main objective of the study was to understand the issues of alcoholism and violence in the family. It discusses how alcoholism leads to family violence and further, derails the life of family members and put an institution of family into a crisis.
Study Design: The study was based on fieldwork conducted in different parts of Punjab. Exploratory research design was prepared to understand the issue.
Methodology: Sample of 100 families were selected for study and further, four members in each family namely, the alcoholic, spouse, one of the parents and one of the children were selected for the interview, so that an overall picture of family violence can be obtained. A total number of 303 respondents (100 alcoholics, 73 spouse, 68 children, and 62 parents) are interviewed. Semi-structured interview schedule used for data collection purpose. With the help of snowball technique, sampled families and their members are located and interviewed.
Results: The study found 87% of the families faced the incident of violence due to the critical addiction of alcoholic members. Among these families, 80.82% spouses, 79.03% parents and 64.70% children were the victim of violence. Physical abuse was found very common among spouses (69.86%), verbal abuse among parents (91.78%) and mental abuse among children (63.01%). Majority (57.47%) families, who faced violence, belongs to low income category and less education category (86.18%).
Conclusion: The study concludes, critical addiction of alcohol leaves the highest probability for occurrence of violence in the family. Further, it increases the probability of more critical consumption of alcohol among alcoholics and then more violence. Gradually, all of this turn into a vicious circle of critical drinking and family violence. Moreover, this creates many troubles for all members of the family and pushes the institution of family towards crisis.
Ampulla of Vater
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Pancreas
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Adaptive stabilization of LTI systems with distributed input delay
Authors: Bekiaris‐Liberis Nikolaos , Jankovic Mrdjan , Krstic Miroslav 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYWe solve stabilization problems of LTI systems with unknown parameters and distributed input delay. The key challenge is that the infinite‐dimensional input dynamics are distributed, which makes traditional infinite‐dimensional backstepping inapplicable. We resolve this challenge by employing backstepping–forwarding transformations of the finite‐dimensional state of the plant and of the infinite‐dimensional actuator state. These transformations enable us to design Lyapunov‐based update laws. We also design an adaptive controller for rejecting a constant disturbance in the input of the LTI plant, in the case where the parameters of the plant are known. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold Nanoshell Nanomicelles for Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Light‐Triggered Drug Release, and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Ma Yan , Liang Xiaolong , Tong Sheng , Bao Gang , Ren Qiushi , Dai Zhifei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA novel multifunctional drug‐delivery platform is developed based on cholesteryl succinyl silane (CSS) nanomicelles loaded with doxorubicin, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, and gold nanoshells (CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles) to combine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, magnetic‐targeted drug delivery, light‐triggered drug release, and photothermal therapy. The nanomicelles show improved drug‐encapsulation efficiency and loading level, and a good response to magnetic fields, even after the formation of the gold nanoshell. An enhancement for T2‐weighted MR imaging is observed for the CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles. These nanomicelles display surface plasmon absorbance in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, thus exhibiting an NIR (808 nm)‐induced temperature elevation and an NIR light‐triggered and stepwise release behavior of doxorubicin due to the unique characteristics of the CSS nanomicelles. Photothermal cytotoxicity in vitro confirms that the CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles cause cell death through photothermal effects only under NIR laser irradiation. Cancer cells incubated with CDF‐Au‐shell nanomicelles show a significant decrease in cell viability only in the presence of both NIR irradiation and a magnetic field, which is attributed to the synergetic effects of the magnetic‐field‐guided drug delivery and the photothermal therapy. Therefore, such multicomponent nanomicelles can be developed as a smart and promising nanosystem that integrates multiple capabilities for effective cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Synthesis of α‐Hydroxyphosphonates and Their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Naidu Kalla Reddi Mohan , Kumar Krishnammagari Suresh , Arulselvan Palanisamy , Reddy Chinnappareddy Bhupendra , Lasekan Ola 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of α‐hydroxyphosphonates were synthesized from the reaction of aldehyde (1) with triethylphosphite (2) in the presence of oxone and evaluated for their antioxidant properties against lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. The majority of the compounds showed promising antioxidant activity. Diethyl anthracen‐9‐yl (hydroxy) methylphosphonate (3n) is the most potent and biologically active compound against free radicals.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship of Vicenistatin, a Cytotoxic 20‐Membered Macrolactam Glycoside
Authors: Fukuda Hayato , Nishiyama Yuko , Nakamura Shiina , Ohno Yutaro , Eguchi Tadashi , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu , Usui Takeo , Kanoh Naoki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe have developed two syntheses of vicenistatin and its analogues. Our first‐generation strategy included the rapid and sequential assembly of the macrocyclic lactam by using an intermolecular Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction between the C3–C13 fragment and the C1–C2, C14–C19 fragment, followed by an intramolecular Stille coupling reaction. The second‐generation strategy utilized a ring‐closing metathesis of a hexaene intermediate to generate the desired 20‐membered macrolactam. This second‐generation strategy made it possible to prepare synthetic analogues of vicenistatin, including the C20‐ and/or C23‐demethyl analogues. Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of these analogues indicated the importance of the fixed conformation of aglycon for determining the biological activity of the vicenistatins.
Tuning the Electrical and Optical Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Complexes for Panchromatic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Qu Sanyin , Qin Chuanjiang , Islam Ashraful , Hua Jianli , Chen Han , Tian He , Han Liyuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of metal‐free organic dyes that were bridged by a diketopyrrolopyrrole moiety and were composed of indoline and triphenylamine as donor groups and furan and benzene as conjugated spacer groups were designed and synthesized for use in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The photophysical properties, electrochemical properties, and performance of the DSCs were related to the structure of their corresponding dyes. Their absorption spectra broadened upon the introduction of the indoline and heterocyclic furan moieties through fine‐tuning of their molecular configuration. The overall conversion efficiencies of DSCs that were based on these dyes ranged from 5.14–6.53 %. Among the four dyes that were tested, indoline‐based ID01 and ID02 showed higher efficiencies (6.35 % and 6.53 %) as a result of their improved light‐harvesting efficiency and larger electron driving force. The ID01 dye, which contained an indoline moiety as an electron donor and a furan group as a π‐conjugated linker, showed an excellent monochromatic incident‐photon‐to‐current‐conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectrum (350–650 nm) with a maximum value of 78 % in the high plateau region and an onset value close to 800 nm. Intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) revealed that dyes that contained benzene conjugation spacers suppressed the charge‐recombination rate more efficiently than dyes that contained furan spacers, thereby resulting in improved photovoltage.
Knowledge‐Based Expert Control of Thalamic Neuron Firing Mode
Authors: Devia Christ , Duarte‐Mermoud Manuel A. , de la Luz Aylwin O María 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis work sheds light on the possibility of using control strategies to set the parameters of electric stimulation, a commonly used technique in severe human central nervous system diseases. Currently, parameters of electric stimulation are set through a trial and error process, with a lot of undesirable side effects. Accordingly, and based on the problem of having a population of sick neurons embedded in a population of normal neurons, this work explores the possibility of using a control system based on the behavior of healthy neurons to set current parameters able to modify the electric behavior of sick neurons. Specifically, we posit a knowledge‐based expert control system that modifies the firing mode of a thalamic neuron by applying a control stimulation current, with the aim of making it fire in the same mode as a reference thalamic neuron. The controller parameters are tuned based on some characteristics of neurons that have to be determined through experiments before their application, but this controller does not require a detailed mathematical model of each neuron. Simulation results indicate that the proposed system satisfies the control objectives.
Handschrift und Frühdruck als Überlieferungsinstrumente der Wissenschaften
Authors: Baader Gerhard 
Published: September 2012

AbstractManuscripts and early prints are the two most important instruments of tradition of knowledge in the Middle Ages and in the beginning of modern times. Their history is connected with the history of learning, onwards from antiquity. The fact that neither in antiquity nor in the early Middle Ages medicine had been strictly a part of the liberal arts is reflected by the bad situation of manuscript tradition of medical texts during this period. Up from the beginning of university studies in the end of the 11th century this situation had completely been changed. The new composite manuscripts of the universities reflect the new curricula of the universities, also in medicine. The first prints from the 15th century onwards mostly continue this manuscript tradition of knowledge of the universities. Only new literary forms, as for instance pamphlets, show new methods of tradition and especially of popularizing of knowledge beyond the universities.
Der Dialog in Pharmazie, Chemie und Botanik: Zum Anteil einer literarischen Gattung in der Darstellung, Vermittlung und im Unterricht der Naturwissenschaften
Authors: Jüttner Guido 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe use of dialogue in scientific writing is for many reasons, as also L. Thorndike and R. Multhauf have mentioned, worth to investigate. This treatise concerning dialogues on pharmacy, chemistry, botany and also on medicine tries a classification and gives several interpretations of these important sources for the history of sciences, which in some disciplines were rather neglected in historiography for many reasons. One of these may be the difficulty to distinguish in this form of literature the poetical fiction from reality, the traditional topoi from contemporary controversies. The different aims of the dialogue, teaching, conversation, scientific discussion and also satirical intentions give the determination for the several literary forms of those colloquies, which have been important for progress and communication in sciences.
Die Funktion von Briefen in der Entwicklung der Physik
Authors: Hermann Armin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUsually one reads that after the foundation of scientific journals the journal article took the place of scientific correspondence. It is shown here that periodicals did not replace the letter, but only supplemented it. Norms were developed for the journal article such that (in short) only the „context of justification”︁, not the „context of discovery”︁, could be discussed. Any scholar who wanted to participate in the „discussion out of which science arises”︁ had to resort to the letter; the reading of journals did not suffice. — This circumstance is illustrated in particular by the example of quantum theory and by Wolfgang Pauli.
Bemerkungen zur „Sprache”︁ der Medizin
Authors: Winau Rolf 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe study of medical language does not end with specialist terminology, it also includes the patient's language. Furthermore, language, e. g. in charms, is part of pre‐rational therapeutics. However, these aspects cannot be dealt with here; in keeping with the general theme of the meeting, the paper concentrates on the rôle of language as a means of passing on scientific knowledge. Medical terminology first developed in the classical age of Greece. Until the 19th century, knowledge was only passed on verbally. Since the middle of the last century, the presentation of scientific data etc. in charts has gained more and more importance. In the course of this process, terms which originally applied to the description of features in these charts, have come to be used independently outside this context.