bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Formulation and Stability of Co‐surfactant Free Water‐in‐Olive Oil Nano‐ and Submicron Emulsions with Food Grade Non‐ionic Surfactants
Authors: Polychniatou Vasiliki , Tzia Constantina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNanoemulsions are of great interest in food industry finding various food applications. However, oil‐in‐water (o/w) nanoemulsions have been intensively investigated, but there are few studies on w/o nanoemulsions. In the present work the preparation of nanoemulsions with olive oil using non‐ionic surfactants (Tween 20, 40, 60, 80, Span 20, 80) without the addition of a co‐surfactant was studied and their emulsion properties and stability were examined. The stable nanoemulsions were presented in ternary phase diagrams (oil–water‐surfactant) for each surfactant and the emulsifying ability of the efficient surfactants was determined. The nanoemulsions properties were evaluated in relationship to compositional components. From the results of this study it can be concluded that stable olive oil nanoemulsions without use of a co‐surfactant were obtained and moreover the most efficient type of emulsifier and its ratio of addition in the system were determined.
PRICING AND SOLVENCY OF VALUE-MAXIMIZING LIFE ANNUITY PROVIDERS
Authors: Nirmalendran Maathumai , Sherris Michael , Hanewald Katja 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper provides a detailed quantitative assessment of the impact of capital and default probability on product pricing and shareholder value for a life insurer providing life annuities. A multi-period cash flow model, allowing for stochastic mortality and asset returns, imperfectly elastic product demand, as well as frictional costs, is used to derive value-maximizing capital and pricing strategies for a range of one-year default probability levels reflecting differences in regulatory regimes including Solvency II. The model is calibrated using realistic assumptions. The sensitivity of results is assessed. The results show that value-maximizing life insurers should target higher solvency levels than the Solvency II regulatory one-year 99.5% probability under assumptions of reasonable levels of policyholder's aversion to insolvency risk. Even in the case of less restrictive solvency probabilities, policyholder price elasticity and solvency preferences are shown to be important factors for a life insurer's value-maximizing strategy.
A unified criterion for the centrifugal instabilities of vortices and swirling jets
Authors: Billant Paul , Gallaire François 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSwirling jets and vortices can both be unstable to the centrifugal instability but with a different wavenumber selection: the most unstable perturbations for swirling jets in inviscid fluids have an infinite azimuthal wavenumber, whereas, for vortices, they are axisymmetric but with an infinite axial wavenumber. Accordingly, sufficient condition for instability in inviscid fluids have been derived asymptotically in the limits of large azimuthal wavenumber $m$ for swirling jets (Leibovich and Stewartson, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 126, 1983, pp. 335–356) and large dimensionless axial wavenumber $k$ for vortices (Billant and Gallaire, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 542, 2005, pp. 365–379). In this paper, we derive a unified criterion valid whatever the magnitude of the axial flow by performing an asymptotic analysis for large total wavenumber $ \sqrt{{k}^{2} + {m}^{2} } $. The new criterion recovers the criterion of Billant and Gallaire when the axial flow is small and the Leibovich and Stewartson criterion when the axial flow is finite and its profile sufficiently different from the angular velocity profile. When the latter condition is not satisfied, it is shown that the accuracy of the Leibovich and Stewartson asymptotics is strongly reduced. The unified criterion is validated by comparisons with numerical stability analyses of various classes of swirling jet profiles. In the case of the Batchelor vortex, it provides accurate predictions over a wider range of axial wavenumbers than the Leibovich–Stewartson criterion. The criterion shows also that a whole range of azimuthal wavenumbers are destabilized as soon as a small axial velocity component is present in a centrifugally unstable vortex.
Loperamide overdose-induced catatonia: potential role of brain opioid system and P-glycoprotein
Authors: Di Rosa Enrica , Di Rosa Antonio E. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveCatatonic features are observed in several psychiatric illnesses but can also be found following substance misuse. Loperamide is an anti-diarrhoeal medication that acts on opioid receptors in the intestine, reducing peristalsis. It is normally unable to pass through the intestinal wall or the blood–brain barrier; however, high dosages can in fact induce the effects on the central nervous system.Case reportWe describe the case of a 20-year-old man who presented with severe catatonia following excessive intake of loperamide, fully remitted with lorazepam.ConclusionWe speculate on a possible increase of loperamide's bioavailability after overdose owing to reduced expression and functioning of P-glycoprotein.
Governmental Interventions and Judicial Decision Making: The Supreme Court of Canada in the Age of the Charter
Authors: Radmilovic Vuk 
Published: October 2013

Abstract.While comparative public law scholars report that we are witnessing a “global expansion of judicial power” (Tate and Vallinder, 1995), much of the comparative research also suggests that judicial power is subject to significant external constraints, including those associated with interests of governmental actors (such as Helmke, 2005; Vanberg, 2005). In Canada, however, the question of the extent to which governmental actors affect the Supreme Court of Canada's decision making in the wake of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms has not received systematic attention (but see Hennigar, 2010; Kelly, 2005). The paper analyzes the extent to which governmental mobilization through third-party intervention affects the Supreme Court's decision making. It relies on a dataset of all constitutional rights cases involving review of written laws decided by the Court in the post-charter period (1982–2007). It shows that third-party intervention is a powerful institutional mechanism providing governmental actors with an opportunity to systematically affect the exercise of judicial review.Résumé.Alors que les chercheurs en droit public comparé affirment que nous assistons à une «expansion globale du pouvoir judiciaire» (Tate et Vallinder, 1995), la recherché comparative suggère également que le pouvoir judiciaire est soumis à de fortes contraintes extérieures, y compris celles associées aux intérêts des acteurs gouvernementaux (Helmke, 2005; Vanberg, 2005). Au Canada, cependant, la question de l'impact des acteurs gouvernementaux sur le processus de décision de la Cour Suprême, dans la foulée de l'adoption de la Charte, a reçu peu d'attention (à l'exception des travaux d'Hennigar 2010; Kelly, 2005). Cet article explore dans quelle mesure la mobilisation gouvernementale par l'entremise de l'intervention des tiers influence le processus de décision de la Cour Suprême. Il s'appuie sur une base de données des décisions liées aux droits constitutionnels dans la période de l'après-Charte (1982–1997) qui ont nécessité un examen de législations gouvernementales. Il démontre que l'intervention de tiers est un puissant mécanisme institutionnel permettant aux acteurs gouvernementaux de systématiquement influencer l'exercice du contrôle judiciaire.
Molecular and morphological characterization of the tapewormTaenia hydatigena(Pallas, 1766) in sheep from Iran
Authors: Rostami S. , Salavati R. , Beech R.N. , Babaei Z. , Sharbatkhori M. , Baneshi M.R. , Hajialilo E. , Shad H. , Harandi M.F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthoughTaenia hydatigenais one of the most prevalent taeniid species of livestock, very little molecular genetic information exists for this parasite. Up to 100 sheep isolates ofT. hydatigenawere collected from 19 abattoirs located in the provinces of Tehran, Alborz and Kerman. A calibrated microscope was used to measure the larval rostellar hook lengths. Following DNA extraction, fragments of cytochromecoxidase 1 (CO1) and 12S rRNA genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing. The mean total length of large and small hooks was 203.4 μm and 135.9 μm, respectively. FortyCO1and 39 12S rRNA sequence haplotypes were obtained in the study. The levels of pairwise nucleotide variation between individual haplotypes of CO1 and 12S rRNA genes were determined to be between 0.3–3.4% and 0.2–2.1%, respectively. The overall nucleotide variation among all theCO1haplotypes was 9.7%, and for all the 12S rRNA haplotypes it was 10.1%. A significant difference was observed between rostellar hook morphometry and bothCO1and 12S rRNA sequence variability. A significantly high level of genetic variation was observed in the present study. The results showed that the 12S rRNA gene is more variable thanCO1.
DAVID BLAKE: FROM NOTE-ROWS TO MUSICAL NUMBERS
Authors: Conway Paul 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article is the most comprehensive survey to date of the output of David Blake. Although, for reasons of space, it cannot be all-inclusive, every effort has been made to reflect the breadth and depth of a corpus the scale and diversity of which demands attention. In order to chart effectively the composer's development and illustrate how his achievement in one particular medium has impacted upon contemporary and subsequent works in other fields, a broadly chronological approach has been adopted.
VARÈSE'S DRUM: THE TAROLE IN ‘IONISATION’
Authors: Holder Brian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEdgard Varèse's Ionisation was a groundbreaking composition that presented unique ideas and problems concerning percussion orchestration. This article examines correspondence between Varèse and Nicolas Slonimsky about the tarole – a snare drum used in the work. In one letter Varèse sketched this instrument in order to show its relationship with a more common orchestral snare drum of the period. This information provides insight into performance practice and the orchestral conception of the work.
Les ‘Agoras de Dieux’ En Grèce
Authors: Picard CH. 
Published: October 2013

Les remarques ici présentées ne touchent qu'indirectement aux domaines où M. A. J. B. Wace est spécialiste et maître; qu'il veuille bien, pourtant, les agréer, en souvenir de notre longue et amicale communauté de travail dans l'Orient héllénique: ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἐμ πολέμῳEn suivant récemment les études consacrées aux problèmes des agoras grecques, études qui n'ont pas cessé d'être nombreuses et intéressantes—je pense ici, par exemple, aux observations faites encore en 1949–1950, par R. E. Wycherley, en Angleterre, par R. Martin, en France1—je n'ai pas pu éviter l'impression d'une part peut-être trop insuffisante accordée à certaines découvertes, qui ont montré, il y a peu, l'importance des primitives ἀγοραὶθεῶν celles-ci ont été le modèle divin offert, je crois, dès la période archaïque, aux futures agoras humaines; les agoras humaines ne se sont constituées et organisées indépendamment qu'à une date relativement plus basse.
Semantic sides of three-dimensional space representation
Authors: Badets Arnaud 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this commentary, I propose that horizontal and vertical dimensions of space are represented together inside a common metrics mechanism located in the parietal cortex. Importantly, this network is also involved in the processing of number magnitudes and environment-directed actions. Altogether, the evidence suggests that different magnitude dimensions could be intertwined with the horizontality and verticality of our world representation.
Applying the bicoded spatial model to nonhuman primates in an arboreal multilayer environment
Authors: Howard Allison M. , Fragaszy Dorothy M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractApplying the framework proposed by Jeffery et al. to nonhuman primates moving in multilayer arboreal and terrestrial environments, we see that these animals must generate a mosaic of many bicoded spaces in order to move efficiently and safely through their habitat. Terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology and three-dimensional modelling of canopy movement may permit testing of Jeffery et al.'s framework in natural environments.
The complex interplay between three-dimensional egocentric and allocentric spatial representation
Authors: Kaplan David M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractJeffery et al. characterize the egocentric/allocentric distinction as discrete. But paradoxically, much of the neural and behavioral evidence they adduce undermines a discrete distinction. More strikingly, their positive proposal – the bicoded map hypothesis – reflects a more complex interplay between egocentric and allocentric coding than they acknowledge. Properly interpreted, their proposal about three-dimensional spatial representation contributes to recent work on embodied cognition.
The planar mosaic fails to account for spatially directed action
Authors: Klatzky Roberta L. , Giudice Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHumans' spatial representations enable navigation and reaching to targets above the ground plane, even without direct perceptual support. Such abilities are inconsistent with an impoverished representation of the third dimension. Features that differentiate humans from most terrestrial animals, including raised eye height and arms dedicated to manipulation rather than locomotion, have led to robust metric representations of volumetric space.
Which animal model for understanding human navigation in a three-dimensional world?
Authors: Orban Guy A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSingle-cell studies of monkey posterior parietal cortex (PPC) have revealed the extensive neuronal representations of three-dimensional subject motion and three-dimensional layout of the environment. I propose that navigational planning integrates this PPC information, including gravity signals, with horizontal-plane based information provided by the hippocampal formation, modified in primates by expansion of the ventral stream.
Augmented topological maps for three-dimensional navigation
Authors: Peremans Herbert , Vanderelst Dieter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe describe an augmented topological map as an alternative for the proposed bicoded map. Inverting causality, the special nature of the vertical dimension is then no longer fixed a priori and the cause of specific navigation behavior, but a consequence of the combination of the specific geometry of the experimental environment and the motor capabilities of the experimental animals.
Vertical and veridical – 2.5-dimensional visual and vestibular navigation
Authors: Powers David M. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDoes the psychological and neurological evidence concerning three-dimensional localization and navigation fly in the face of optimality? This commentary brings a computational and robotic engineering perspective to the question of “optimality” and argues that a multicoding manifold model is more efficient in several senses, and is also likely to extend to “volume-travelling” animals, including birds or fish.
Dynamic 3D modeling and simulation of nanoparticles manipulation using an AFM nanorobot
Authors: Korayem M. H. , Hoshiar A. K. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYDue to the growing use of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) nanorobots in the moving and manipulation of cylindrical nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes and nanowires) and the fact that these processes cannot be simultaneously observed, a computer simulation of the involved forces for the purpose of predicting the outcome of the process becomes highly important. So far, no dynamic 3D model that shows changes in these forces in the course of process implementation has been presented. An algorithm is used in this paper to show in 3D, the manner by which the dynamic forces vary in the mentioned process. The presented model can simulate the forces exerted on the probe tip during the manipulation process in three directions. Because of the nonlinearity of the presented dynamic model, the effective parameters have been also studied. To evaluate the results, the parameters of the 3D case (cylindrical model) are gradually reduced and it is transformed into a 2D model (disk model); and we can observe a good agreement between the results of the two simulations. Next, the simulation results are compared with the experimental results, indicating changes in lateral force. With the help of the offered dynamic model, the cantilever deformation and the forces interacting between probe tip and particle can be determined from the moment the probe tip contacts the nanoparticle to when the nanoparticle dislodges from the substrate surface.
Achromatic luminance contrast sensitivity in X-linked color-deficient observers: An addition to the debate
Authors: JANÁKY MÁRTA , BORBÉLY JUDIT , BENEDEK GYÖRGY , KOCSIS BALÁZS PÉTER , BRAUNITZER GÁBOR 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt is a matter of debate whether X-linked dichromacy is accompanied by enhanced achromatic processing. In the present study, we used sinusoidally modulated achromatic gratings under photopic conditions to compare the contrast sensitivity (CS) of protanopes, deuteranopes, and normal trichromats. 36 male volunteers were examined. CS was tested in static and dynamic conditions at nine different spatial frequencies. The results support the assumption that X-linked color-defective observers are at an advantage in terms of achromatic processing. Both protanopes and deuteranopes had significantly better CS than controls in both the static and the dynamic conditions. In the static condition, the advantage was observed especially at higher spatial frequencies, whereas in the dynamic condition, it was seen also at lower frequencies. The results are interpreted in terms of decreased chromatic modulation of the luminance channel and the early plasticity of the parvocellular system.
Section 5. Pyrethroid and endosulfan resistance: biology of resistant and susceptible larvae and pupae
Authors: Forrester Neil W. , Cahill Matthew , Bird Lisa J. , Layland Jacquelyn K. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBoth pyrethroid and endosulfan resistant Helicoverpa armigera larvae were shown to have marginally longer development times. Pyrethroid resistant larvae were slower developers often requiring an extra moult before ultimately pupating to the same size pupa as susceptibles. There were no differences between pyrethroid resistant and susceptible pupal development times (male or female). Laboratory and field competition studies could demonstrate no selective advantage for either pyrethroid resistant or susceptible larvae or prepupae. Thus it would seem that the slightly longer larval development times do not manifest as significant biological deficits. This helps explain the gradually deteriorating pyrethroid resistance situation documented during evaluation of the Australian insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy. There was no evidence of the selection of fitness modifiers (co-adaptation) to overcome the slower development of either pyrethroid or endosulfan resistant larvae. Endosulfan fitness disadvantages were not sufficiently researched in this study to discount the possibility of a fitness deficit contributing to the much more successful management of endosulfan resistance.
TheBactrocera dorsaliscomplex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia
Authors: Drew R.A.I. , Hancock D.L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFifty-two species are placed in theBactrocera dorsaliscomplex in Asia, eight of which are considered of economic importance. Twelve species are revised and the following forty new species described:Bactrocera atrifemur, B. bimaculata, B. carambolae, B. cibodasae, B. collita, B. floresiae, B. fulvifemur, B. fuscitibia, B. gombokensis, B. indonesiae, B. infulata, B. irvingiae, B. kanchanaburi, B. kandiensis, B. kinabalu, B. lateritaenia, B. latilineola, B. lombokensis, B. makilingensis, B. malaysiensis, B. melastomatos, B. merapiensis, B. minuscula, B. neocognata, B. neopropinqua, B. osbeckiae, B. papayae, B. penecognata, B. philippinensis, B. pyrifoliae, B. quasipropinqua, B. raiensis, B. sembaliensis, B. sulawesiae, B. sumbawaensis, B. thailandica, B. unimacula, B. usitata, B. verbascifoliaeandB. vishnu. A key to species within the complex is presented. Information is given on location of type specimens, host-plants, attractant records and geographic distribution. Lectotypes are designated forB. dorsalis(Hendel),B. mangiferae(Cotes) (a synonym ofB. zonata(Saunders)) andB. pedestris(Bezzi).
Retreat from multiculturalism: community cohesion, civic integration and the disciplinary politics of gender
Authors: Mullally Siobhán 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe intersections of gender, religion and migration status have attracted only limited commentary to date. The significance of migration status as a marker of gender inequality, and one that further increases the burden of intersecting axes of discrimination, requires further scrutiny. This article examines the rise of civic integration requirements within the European Union and the significance of this rise for religious freedoms and complex ideals of gender equality. Particular attention is given to recent developments in the UK and France in the context of wider debates on immigration and integration policies. Against the background of diminishing sovereignty and the expansion of rights to non-citizens, states are rethinking the significance of citizenship and migration status and the criteria to be applied in determining membership and access to the nation-state. The adoption in France of the Charte des Droits et des Devoirs du Citoyen Français marks a further step in the expansion of integration conditions imposed by states, and signals a continuing willingness to deploy juridical forms to enforce such conditions. Of particular concern to this Special Issue are the implications of civic integration requirements for migrant religious women and for feminist engagement with migration laws and the discourse of rights.
Loss mitigation in plasmonic solar cells: aluminium nanoparticles for broadband photocurrent enhancements in GaAs photodiodes
Authors: Hylton N. P. , Li X. F. , Giannini V. , Lee K. -H. , Ekins-Daukes N. J. , Loo J. , Vercruysse D. , Van Dorpe P. , Sodabanlu H. , Sugiyama M. , Maier S. A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe illustrate the important trade-off between far-field scattering effects, which have the potential to provide increased optical path length over broad bands and parasitic absorption due to the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticle arrays. Via detailed comparison of photocurrent enhancements given by Au, Ag and Al nanostructures on thin-film GaAs devices we reveal that parasitic losses can be mitigated through a careful choice of scattering medium. Absorption at the plasmon resonance in Au and Ag structures occurs in the visible spectrum, impairing device performance. In contrast, exploiting Al nanoparticle arrays results in a blue shift of the resonance, enabling the first demonstration of truly broadband plasmon enhanced photocurrent and a 22% integrated efficiency enhancement.