bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Capsular Stiffness and Clinical Features in Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
Authors: Lee Sang Yoon , Lee Kyu Jin , Kim Won , Chung Sun G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundTightening and contracture of the joint capsule are hallmarks of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACS). However, quantification of capsular stiffness and its relation to clinical features have not been investigated thoroughly.ObjectivesTo quantify capsular stiffness during intra‐articular hydraulic distension (IHD) and to investigate its relationships with pain severity, symptom duration, range of motion (ROM), gender, and diabetes status.DesignCase series.SettingUniversity outpatient clinic of physical medicine and rehabilitation.ParticipantsA total of 107 consecutive patients with ACS who underwent IHD.MethodsPressure‐volume monitoring data during IHD, pain severity, symptom duration, shoulder ROM, and diabetes status were obtained by retrospective chart review. Capsular stiffness (Kcap) was measured by calculating the slope of the elastic phase in pressure‐volume curves. ROM was evaluated in 3 directions (flexion, abduction, and external rotation) with a goniometer, and the sum of the 3 ROMs was calculated.Main Outcome MeasurementsPearson correlation coefficients and comparisons of averages were used to analyze the relationships between Kcap and clinical features.ResultsThe mean Kcap of the total group of participants was 26.0 ± 14.2 mmHg/mL. Shoulder pain in motion or rest did not correlate with Kcap. Patients with stiffer capsules had smaller sums of ROMs (r = −.298, P = .002), with distinct limitations in external rotation and abduction (r = −.278, P = .004 and r = −.313, P = .001, respectively). Women had significantly stiffer capsules than men (29.5 ± 14.3 versus 20.2 ± 12.1 mmHg/mL, P = .001). Diabetes status had no significant effect on capsular stiffness.ConclusionsCapsular stiffness of the glenohumeral joint significantly correlated with limitation in shoulder ROM, especially in the abduction and external rotation directions, whereas there were no meaningful relationships with shoulder pain during motion or rest. This is the first study to reveal the relationships between in vivo quantified capsular stiffness and shoulder ROM limitations.
What are kids getting into these days? A retrospective chart review of substance use presentations to a Canadian pediatric emergency department
Authors: Driedger G. Emmi , Dong Kathryn A. , Newton Amanda S. , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Ali Samina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesGoals for this study were to characterize the substances being used by youth who presented to an emergency department (ED), their demographic descriptors, and to describe the associated acute morbidity and mortality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all youth, ages 10–16 years, who presented to a pediatric ED with complaints related to recreational drug use (n=641) for 2 years ending on December 31, 2009.ResultsThe median age of patients was 15 years; 56% were female. Six percent of patients were homeless, and 21% were wards of the state. The most frequent ingestions included ethanol (74%), marijuana (20%), ecstasy (19%), and medications (15%). Over one third of patients had ingested two or more substances. Ninety percent of patients were brought to the ED by the emergency medical services; 63% of these activations were by non-acquaintances. Of the 47% of youth who presented with a decreased level of consciousness, half had a Glasgow Coma Scale less than 13. The Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale score was 1 or 2 for 44% of patients. Sixty-eight percent received IV fluids, 42% received medication, and 4% were intubated. The admission rate was 9%.ConclusionsYouth who presented to the ED for substance use represented a socially vulnerable population whose use of recreational substances resulted in high medical acuity and significant morbidity. Improved clinical identification of such high-risk youth and subsequent design of interventions to address problematic substance use and social issues are urgently needed to complement the acute medical care that youth receive.
Offload zones to mitigate emergency medical services (EMS) offload delay in the emergency department: a process map and hazard analysis
Authors: Carter Alix J.E. , Gould James B. , Vanberkel Peter , Jensen Jan L. , Cook Jolene , Carrigan Steven , Wheatley Mark R. , Travers Andrew H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntroductionOffload delay is a prolonged interval between ambulance arrival in the emergency department (ED) and transfer of patient care, typically occurring when EDs are crowded. The offload zone (OZ), which manages ambulance patients waiting for an ED bed, has been implemented to mitigate the impact of ED crowding on ambulance availability. Little is known about the safety or efficiency. The study objectives were to process map the OZ and conduct a hazard analysis to identify steps that could compromise patient safety or process efficiency.MethodsA Health Care Failure Mode and Effect Analysis was conducted. Failure modes (FM) were identified. For each FM, a probability to occur and severity of impact on patient safety and process efficiency was determined, and a hazard score (probability X severity) was calculated. For any hazard score considered high risk, root causes were identified, and mitigations were sought.ResultsThe OZ consists of six major processes: 1) patient transported by ambulance, 2) arrival to the ED, 3) transfer of patient care, 4) patient assessment in OZ, 5) patient care in OZ, and 6) patient transfer out of OZ; 78 FM were identified, of which 28 (35.9%) were deemed high risk and classified as impact on patient safety (n=7/28, 25.0%), process efficiency (n=10/28, 35.7%), or both (n=11/28, 39.3%). Seventeen mitigations were suggested.ConclusionThis process map and hazard analysis is a first step in understanding the safety and efficiency of the OZ. The results from this study will inform current policy and practice, and future work to reduce offload delay.
Should It Be Told or Tasted? Impact of Sensory Versus Nonsensory Cues on the Categorization of Low-Alcohol Wines
Authors: Masson Josselin , Aurier Philippe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe use the expectation-disconfirmation and categorization theories to study the effects of sensory versus nonsensory cues relative to a transformed attribute on categorization and typicality judgments relative to a new food product. In an experiment involving 51 participants and low-alcohol wines (new products), we show that categorization and typicality judgments differ according to sensory versus nonsensory cues. The new transformed product is categorized more often in its original category—wine—and perceived as more typical in the nonsensory compared to the sensory condition. (JEL Classifications: L66, M31)
Kant, Respect, and Hypothetical Acts
Authors: Shand John 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe role of hypothetical acts, as opposed to actual acts, has been neglected in understanding the nature of what is required by the Respect for Persons formulation of the Categorical Imperative in concrete moral relations between persons. This had led to a failure to understand fully the way and the extent to which the Categorical Imperative may be present in all such relations with others as encapsulated in an appropriate attitude towards others that may refer to hypothetical acts, as well as actual acts. The result is an underestimation of the direct relevance and moral efficacy of the Categorical Imperative.
The Right Time for the Job? Insights into Practices of Time in Contemporary Field Sciences
Authors: Arpin Isabelle , Granjou Céline 
Published: May 2015

ArgumentTemporal issues appear to be crucial to the relationship between life scientists and their field sites and to the making of science in the field. We elaborate on the notion of practices of time to describe the ways life scientists cope with multiple and potentially conflicting temporal aspects that influence how they become engaged and remain engaged in a field-site, such as pleasure, long-term security, scientific productivity, and timeliness. With this notion, we seek to bring enhanced visibility and coherence to the extensive but rather scattered and limited treatments of temporal practices in field sciences that already exist.
The Pythagorean Table of Opposites, Symbolic Classification, and Aristotle
Authors: Goldin Owen 
Published: May 2015

ArgumentAtMetaphysicsA 5 986a22-b2, Aristotle refers to a Pythagorean table, with two columns of paired opposites. I argue that 1) although Burkert and Zhmud have argued otherwise, there is sufficient textual evidence to indicate that the table, or one much like it, is indeed of Pythagorean origin; 2) research in structural anthropology indicates that the tables are a formalization of arrays of “symbolic classification” which express a pre-scientific world view with social and ethical implications, according to which the presence of a principle on one column of the table will carry with it another principle within the same column; 3) a close analysis of Aristotle's arguments shows that he thought that the table expresses real causal relationships; and 4) Aristotle faults the table of opposites with positing its principles as having universal application and with not distinguishing between those principles that are causally prior and those that are posterior. Aristotle's account of scientific explanation and his own explanations that he developed in accordance with this account are in part the result of his critical encounter with this prescientific Pythagorean table.
Drivers of retention and discards of elasmobranch non-target catch
Authors: JAMES KELSEY C. , LEWISON REBECCA L. , DILLINGHAM PETER W. , CURTIS K. ALEXANDRA , MOORE JEFFREY E. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYTo address growing concern over the effects of fisheries non-target catch on elasmobranchs worldwide, the accurate reporting of elasmobranch catch is essential. This requires data on a combination of measures, including reported landings, retained and discarded non-target catch, and post-discard survival. Identification of the factors influencing discard versus retention is needed to improve catch estimates and to determine wasteful fishing practices. To do this, retention rates of elasmobranch non-target catch in a broad subset of fisheries throughout the world were compared by taxon, fishing country, and gear. A regression tree and random forest analysis indicated that taxon was the most important determinant of retention in this dataset, but all three factors together explained 59% of the variance. Estimates of total elasmobranch removals were calculated by dividing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) global elasmobranch landings by average retention rates, and suggest that total elasmobranch removals may exceed FAO reported landings by as much as 400%. This analysis is the first effort to directly characterize global drivers of discards for elasmobranch non-target catch. The results highlight the importance of accurate quantification of retention and discard rates to improve assessments of the potential impacts of fisheries on these species.
Exposure of resident sparrows to West Nile virus evidenced in South Tunisia
Authors: HAMMOUDA A. , LECOLLINET S. , HAMZA F. , NASRI I. , NEB A. , SELMI S. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYDuring the last few years, several cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans have been reported in Tunisia. However, detailed information on WNV infection in wild birds, the primary amplifying host of WNV, are lacking. In this work, we investigated the exposure of wild sparrows (hybrid Passer domesticus × hispaniolensis) living in two oases in southern Tunisia (Gabès and Kébili oases) to WNV, through the detection of WNV-specific antibodies by using ELISA and microneutralization tests. In total, 208 birds were sampled (54 from Kébili, 154 from Gabès). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in two birds, corresponding to an overall seroprevalence of 1%. There was no significant difference between the two sampled populations [1·85% (1/54) in Kébili, 0·65% (1/154) in Gabès]. These data provide indirect evidence of the exposure of resident sparrows in southern Tunisia to WNV.
Chronological changes in stenosis of translocated coronary arteries on angiography after the arterial switch operation in children with transposition of the great arteries: comparison of myocardial scintigraphy and angiographic findings
Authors: Sugiyama Hisashi , Tsuda Etsuko , Ohuchi Hideo , Yamada Osamu , Shiraishi Isao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe peri-operative mortality of the arterial switch operation in neonates with transposition of the great arteries is considerably low; however, long-term outcomes of translocated coronary arteries still remain one of the most crucial issues.Methods and resultsA total of 110 neonates with transposition of the great arteries after arterial switch operation were evaluated; three (2.7%) late deaths occurred. The remaining 107 patients except for one underwent follow-up angiography. Angiography showed coronary artery stenosis in nine (8.4%), with right coronary artery lesions in two and left main trunk lesions in seven. In two patients, right coronary artery stenosis regressed during follow-up. In left main trunk lesions, the severity of stenosis improved in four, did not change in one, and progressed to total occlusion in two patients. In children with coronary artery stenosis, myocardial scintigraphy showed perfusion defects in five out of six (83%) with left main trunk with ⩾75% stenosis and in four out of four with left main trunk stenosis ⩾90%. In contrast, patients whose coronary artery stenosis disappeared during follow-up had no perfusion defects on scintigraphy.ConclusionsRegression of ostial stenosis of the transplanted coronary artery on angiogram was observed. The stenosis regressed over time in six patients; two coronary arteries with 99% stenosis and delayed angiographic enhancement of the distal coronary artery resulted in total occlusion within 1 year after the arterial switch operation. Combination of angiography and myocardial scintigraphy could be useful to differentiate deceptive stenosis from progressive stenosis.
Single-molecule imaging of a three-component ordered actin disassembly mechanism
Authors: Jansen Silvia , Collins Agnieszka , Chin Samantha M. , Ydenberg Casey A. , Gelles Jeff , Goode Bruce L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms by which cells destabilize and rapidly disassemble filamentous actin networks have remained elusive; however, Coronin, Cofilin and AIP1 have been implicated in this process. Here using multi-wavelength single-molecule fluorescence imaging, we show that mammalian Cor1B, Cof1 and AIP1 work in concert through a temporally ordered pathway to induce highly efficient severing and disassembly of actin filaments. Cor1B binds to filaments first, and dramatically accelerates the subsequent binding of Cof1, leading to heavily decorated, stabilized filaments. Cof1 in turn recruits AIP1, which rapidly triggers severing and remains bound to the newly generated barbed ends. New growth at barbed ends generated by severing was blocked specifically in the presence of all three proteins. This activity enabled us to reconstitute and directly visualize single actin filaments being rapidly polymerized by formins at their barbed ends while simultanteously being stochastically severed and capped along their lengths, and disassembled from their pointed ends.
Comparison of clinical features in pathologically confirmed PSP and MSA patients followed at a tertiary center
Authors: Xie Tao , Kang Un J , Kuo Sheng-Han , Poulopoulos Markos , Greene Paul , Fahn Stanley 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
The clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) remains challenging due to heterogeneity of the diseases.

AIMS:
Here we compared the clinical features of PSP and MSA to gain insight into their diagnosis and prognosis, particularly the prognostic value of down-gaze palsy latency in PSP progression.

Methods:
We reviewed clinical features of pathologically confirmed 10 PSP and 13 MSA patients, incidentally matched in age-at-onset, gender, and disease duration, followed at Columbia University Medical Center during 1994–2009.

Results:
The final antemortem diagnosis was incorrect in 30% of PSP (all lacking down-gaze palsy) and 23% of MSA patients. Falls in the first year of the disease, pyramidal involvement and freezing of gait during the course were similar between PSP and MSA. Ataxia and apraxia were in 50% of the PSP patients. Parkinsonism responsive to levodopa treatment was in 30% of the PSP (all with resting tremor) and 50% of the MSA patients. Dysautonomia in MSA could occur as early as 3 years preceding the motor symptoms, with 46% within the first year of the motor onset, but 15% did not have dysautonomia in life. The latency of down-gaze palsy and urogenital dysfunction and MMSE scores at first visit in PSP, and the latency of falls and wheelchair confinement in MSA were all associated with the disease progression.

Conclusions:
We confirmed most of the previously published characterizations, and identified for the first time the prognostic value of down-gaze palsy latency in PSP progression.
Sandwiched confinement of quantum dots in graphene matrix for efficient electron transfer and photocurrent production
Authors: Zhu Nan , Zheng Kaibo , Karki Khadga J. , Abdellah Mohamed , Zhu Qiushi , Carlson Stefan , Haase Dörthe , Žídek Karel , Ulstrup Jens , Canton Sophie E. , Pullerits Tõnu , Chi Qijin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) and graphene are both promising materials for the development of new-generation optoelectronic devices. Towards this end, synergic assembly of these two building blocks is a key step but remains a challenge. Here, we show a one-step strategy for organizing QDs in a graphene matrix via interfacial self-assembly, leading to the formation of sandwiched hybrid QD-graphene nanofilms. We have explored structural features, electron transfer kinetics and photocurrent generation capacity of such hybrid nanofilms using a wide variety of advanced techniques. Graphene nanosheets interlink QDs and significantly improve electronic coupling, resulting in fast electron transfer from photoexcited QDs to graphene with a rate constant of 1.3 × 109 s−1. Efficient electron transfer dramatically enhances photocurrent generation in a liquid-junction QD-sensitized solar cell where the hybrid nanofilm acts as a photoanode. We thereby demonstrate a cost-effective method to construct large-area QD-graphene hybrid nanofilms with straightforward scale-up potential for optoelectronic applications.
New High Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies Recognize Non-Overlapping Epitopes On Mesothelin For Monitoring And Treating Mesothelioma
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Phung Yen , Gao Wei , Kawa Seiji , Hassan Raffit , Pastan Ira , Ho Mitchell 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMesothelin is an emerging cell surface target in mesothelioma and other solid tumors. Most antibody drug candidates recognize highly immunogenic Region I (296–390) on mesothelin. Here, we report a group of high-affinity non-Region I rabbit monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies do not compete for mesothelin binding with the immunotoxin SS1P that binds Region I of mesothelin. One pair of antibodies (YP218 and YP223) is suitable to detect soluble mesothelin in a sandwich ELISA with high sensitivity. The new assay can also be used to measure serum mesothelin concentration in mesothelioma patients, indicating its potential use for monitoring patients treated with current antibody therapies targeting Region I. The antibodies are highly specific and sensitive in immunostaining of mesothelioma. To explore their use in tumor therapy, we have generated the immunotoxins based on the Fv of these antibodies. One immunotoxin (YP218 Fv-PE38) exhibits potent anti-tumor cytotoxicity towards primary mesothelioma cell lines in vitro and an NCI-H226 xenograft tumor in mice. Furthermore, we have engineered a humanized YP218 Fv that retains full binding affinity for mesothelin-expressing cancer cells. In conclusion, with their unique binding properties, these antibodies may be promising candidates for monitoring and treating mesothelioma and other mesothelin-expressing cancers.
Shifting material source of Chinese loess since ~2.7 Ma reflected by Sr isotopic composition
Authors: Zhang Wenfang , Chen Jun , Li Gaojun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDeciphering the sources of eolian dust on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is fundamental to reconstruct paleo-wind patterns and paleo-environmental changes. Existing datasets show contradictory source evolutions of eolian dust on the CLP, both on orbital and tectonic timescales. Here, the silicate Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of a restricted grain size fraction (28–45 μm) were measured to trace the source evolution of the CLP since ~2.7 Ma. Our results revealed an unchanged source on orbital timescales but a gradual source shift from the Qilian Mountains to the Gobi Altay Mountains during the past 2.7 Ma. Both tectonic uplift and climate change may have played important roles for this shift. The later uplift of the Gobi Altay Mountains relative to the Qilian Mountains since 5 ± 3 Ma might be responsible for the increasing contribution of Gobi materials to the source deserts in Alxa arid lands. Enhanced winter monsoon may also facilitate transportation of Gobi materials from the Alxa arid lands to the CLP. The shifting source of Asian dust was also reflected in north Pacific sediments. The finding of this shifting source calls for caution when interpreting the long-term climate changes based on the source-sensitive proxies of the eolian deposits.
High-speed roll-to-roll manufacturing of graphene using a concentric tube CVD reactor
Authors: Polsen Erik S. , McNerny Daniel Q. , Viswanath B. , Pattinson Sebastian W. , John Hart A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present the design of a concentric tube (CT) reactor for roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on flexible substrates and its application to continuous production of graphene on copper foil. In the CTCVD reactor, the thin foil substrate is helically wrapped around the inner tube and translates through the gap between the concentric tubes. We use a bench-scale prototype machine to synthesize graphene on copper substrates at translation speeds varying from 25 mm/min to 500 mm/min and investigate the influence of process parameters on the uniformity and coverage of graphene on a continuously moving foil. At lower speeds, high-quality monolayer graphene is formed; at higher speeds, rapid nucleation of small graphene domains is observed, yet coalescence is prevented by the limited residence time in the CTCVD system. We show that a smooth isothermal transition between the reducing and carbon-containing atmospheres, enabled by injection of the carbon feedstock via radial holes in the inner tube, is essential to high-quality roll-to-roll graphene CVD. We discuss how the foil quality and microstructure limit the uniformity of graphene over macroscopic dimensions. We conclude by discussing means of scaling and reconfiguring the CTCVD design based on general requirements for 2-D materials manufacturing.
On-chip optical mode conversion based on dynamic grating in photonic-phononic hybrid waveguide
Authors: Chen Guodong , Zhang Ruiwen , Sun Junqiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a scheme for reversible and tunable on-chip optical mode conversion based on dynamic grating in a hybrid photonic-phononic waveguide. The dynamic grating is built up through the acousto-optic effect and the theoretical model of the optical mode conversion is developed by considering the geometrical deformation and refractive index change. Three kinds of mode conversions are able to be realized using the same hybrid waveguide structure in a large bandwidth by only changing the launched acoustic frequency. The complete mode conversion can be achieved by choosing a proper acoustic power under a given waveguide length.