bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood parental physical and psychological maltreatment and associations with mental health among 952 university students in China
Authors: Jingqi Chen 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlthough numerous studies have documented the prevalence and negative outcomes of child maltreatment by parents worldwide, research into this issue is still rare in China. There is an urgent need to address the issues.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of childhood parental physical and psychological maltreatment (CPPPM) and associations with demographic factors, self-reported mental health and risky behaviors among 952 university students (males 697, females 255) in China.ResultsOverall, 44.6% of students reported having been physically or/and psychologically maltreated at least one time, one of four forms of maltreatments by their parents before age of 16, the four forms of maltreatments were hit/kick/push with open hands/fist/feet/other part of body (25.1%), beating with an objects (20.9%), humiliated in front of other people and try to make the child feel bad, stupid or worthless (6.7%), and witnessing parents‘ physical violence (22.7%). Risk of any CPPPM was not associated with the existence of siblings (one-child vs two- or more child families), rural/urban residence during childhood, or parental education. Compared with their peers who had no CPPPM, the students with two or more forms of CPPPM showed significantly higher level of loneliness, more depressed, suicidal thinking, drank alcohol, and involved in violence.SignificanceThis research showed that the problem of CPPPM is not uncommon and the problem has a significant correlation with youth mental health problems.
A comparison of willingness to pay to prevent child maltreatment deaths in Ecuador and the United States
Authors: Corso P , Roldos M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAssessing societal willingness-to-pay (WTP) is one approach for monetising potential benefits of an intervention. In the field of child maltreatment (CM), such estimates are scarce and have rarely been compared between populations from different countries.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study estimates WTP for an intervention intended to reduce the mortality risk associated with CM, comparing an Ecuadorian to US population.MethodsWe used the contingent valuation method to ask WTP in increased annual taxes (in US$) for a 50% reduction in CM mortality risk. The US population (n=117) was selected by random-digit dial in 2008. The Ecuadorian population (n=78) was selected by convenience from different shopping districts in 2012. The 2008 WTP estimates were inflated to 2012 US$ for comparison. The maximum likelihood function was estimated using interval regression in STATA. Other covariates tested in the model included age, gender, race, and history of CM abuse.Results/OutcomesThe WTP for a 50% reduction in the risk of a child being killed by a caretaker or parent was $167 ($146–$190, 95% CI) in Ecuador, and $215 ($185 to $246, 95% CI) in the US, which was significantly different at p=0.08 when tested in the reduced model. In the full model, none of the covariates including country were significant.Significance/Contribution to the FieldWTP to prevent CM death varies marginally from one population to another, likely tempered by differences in purchasing power. Given the overall low probability of CM death, the value placed on a life saved from CM in either population is considerable.
Intervention program for perpetrators of intimate partner violence in Mexico: preliminary results and lesson learned
Authors: Mariana González-Focke , Rosario Valdez-Santiago , Jorge Martín Rodríguez-Hernández 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn 2007, Mexico's Congress passed the General Law of Women's Access to Lives Free from Violence. One of the obligations set forth by the law is that all governmental sectors, in particular the health sector, need to collaborate to carry out programs aimed at ‘re-educating‘ victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence so that cycles of abuse and re-victimisation are broken. In this context arises the Intervention program.AimsCharacterise the participants, present difficulties in implementation, impacts and lessons learned during 2010.MethodsWe used qualitative and quantitative indicators, monitoring and program evaluation applied in 8 states.ResultsIn 2010, 1257 men participated in the program with an average age of 35.3 years; were linked via recommendation of friends (46.3%) and direct invitation to your partner (12.6%). The first difficulty was to break the resistance to participation, then an appropriate proposal to raise the working conditions of participants. This implied ‘out’ of the health centers to collaborate with other community social services. Upon joining, participants expressed that they did to improve family relationships (47%) and because they wanted to leave from violence (12%). Evaluation data show that the program generated important changes in participants. Men identified forms of violence that prior they did not recognise as such and they were able to develop strategies to detain themselves (such as leaving a situation before it became violent). One challenge is to improve retention and adherence of the participants, as only 5% attended more than 75% of the sessions of the program.SignificanceDemonstrated the importance and feasibility of carrying out innovative work with perpetrators of IPV in Mexico. Contains a model of care that is a relevant public policy proposal that addresses a central theme in the context of Mexican society.
Wives‘ gender role attitudes and their experience of different types of intimate partner violence in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayatilleke AC , Poudel KC , Sakisaka K , Yasuoka J , Jayatilleke AC , Jimba M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem that has several associations.ObjectivesWe conducted this study to examine the association between wives’ attitudes towards gender roles and their experience of different types of IPV in Central province, Sri Lanka.MethodsWe carried out a community-based cross sectional study in Central Province. For this, we included 628 ever married women between 15–49-years-old. Using a validated, structured questionnaire, we collected data on women's experience of physical, psychological, and sexual violence and their attitudes towards gender roles. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between women's attitudes towards gender roles and IPV.ResultsOf total (n=628), 36.6% of the wives experienced at least one of physical, psychological and/or sexual violence by their husbands during their life time (ever abuse), and 19.7% experienced such violence during the past 12 months (current abuse). Wives who disagreed that ‘a good wife obeys her husband always‘ were more likely to have experienced ever (AOR=5.94, 95% CI 2.63 to 13.44, p<0.001), and current (AOR=5.10, 95% CI 1.12 to 23.33, p<0.01) isolated psychological violence. Wives who disagreed that ‘if a husband mistreats or abuse a wife, outsiders should intervene‘ were less likely to have experienced current physical, sexual or both abuse by husbands (AOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.67, p<0.01).SignificanceIn Sri Lanka, wives were less likely to experience IPV by husbands when they respected cultural norms such as ‘a good wife obeys her husband.’ IPV prevention policies need to be culturally sensitive and socially acceptable for the effective prevention of IPV in the country.
Intimate partner violence: the silent burden in Sri Lankan women
Authors: Kohombange CG 
Published: October 2012

IntroductionIntimate partner violence is one of the commonest forms of violence against women worldwide which continues to be a global burden. In Sri Lanka a proper legal framework has been formed for the safety of women by ‘The domestic violence act‘ passed in 2005.Nevertheless there is no evidence on the extent of the burden in Sri Lanka.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of abuse, injury patterns and associated factors contributing to physical abuse in women.MethodologyA cross sectional study was performed at the accident service of national hospital Sri Lanka using an interviewer administered questionnaire.ResultsOut of 400 abused women(mean age 21±3), 233(58.25%) abused >5 times. Out of all 98(24.5%) had facial injuries, 165(41.25%) had injuries in upper limbs. Out of all batterers 304(76%) consumed alcohol regularly. Significantly higher prevalence was observed among those who had married before the age of 20 years (p<0.001), lack of formal education, (p<0.05),>two children (p<0.05), lived with mothers in law (p<0.05) and alcohol consumption of the batterers (p<0.001).SignificanceProbability of a woman being abused more than five times was high. Facial injuries were common. Younger age at marriage, having more children, low level of education, extended families and alcohol consumption of the batterer were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Discouraging underage marriages encourage family planning, improvement of education opportunities, prevention of regular alcohol consumption and enforcement of laws will be recommended to reduce the burden.
Intra-family violence as factor associated with low birth weight
Authors: Aleman C 
Published: October 2012

IntroductionAbuse during pregnancy is considered to be a potentially modifiable risk factor for child outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age and preterm birth.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors associated with LBW; analyse the association between intra family violence during pregnancy and unfavorable outcomes, measured by LBW.Materials and MethodsA hospital base was performed, case control study of 50 newborns weighted 2500 gram or less and 100 control newborns patients without low weight to evaluate associations between intra family violence and LBW. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for case control comparisons.ResultsData on violence in the current pregnancy reflects differences found between cases and controls, depending on scale: verbally or economically abused: 58% cases and controls with 23.3% OR 21.63 (CI 95% 7.33 to 67.17), slapping: cases 22% and controls 1% OR 27.92, CI 95% (3.52 to 597.93), injuries: cases 12% and controls 0%. OR and CI 95%, undefined.With regard to abuse during pregnancy 44% cases and 7% controls, show that the abuse began during pregnancy, with OR 10.44 (CI 95% 3.73 to 30.32). There was no abuse in 36% of cases and 93% of controls.ConclusionsDomestic violence as a risk factor, leading to serious consequences for the physical, mental and reproductive health of women and may also has serious effects on the health of their children.Mothers who experience violence during pregnancy are 21 times more likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies.
Breaking the cycle of violence: detection of domestic violence in a regional emergency department
Authors: Perera N , Hanson D , Franklin R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDomestic violence is a serious issue in Australian society. Under reporting and poor management have affected how domestic violence victims are cared for within the health care system. Little research has been undertaken in the area of domestic violence in a regional or rural setting.Aims/Objectives/PurposeDescribe the level of domestic violence reported at the Emergency Department of Mackay Base Hospital (MBHED).MethodsA retrospective analysis of de-identified data obtained from the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit was explored to determine the reported prevalence of domestic violence to females in the MBHED for the period 1 January 2001 up to 31 December 2010.Results/OutcomeDuring the 10-year period there were 81 803 injury presentations, of which 1086 were females presenting due to assault. Of female assault victims 296 (27%) were recorded as partner violence; whereas for males it was 1.5%. The highest rates of domestic violence were in the 20–29-yearold age group (37%) and the 30–39-year-old age group (29%). Approximately 18% of victims were under 19 years of age, and only 16% were over the age of 40.Significance/Contribution to the FieldStudies undertaken in metropolitan Australian ED's revealed that 2% of presentations in females were due to domestic violence occurring within the last 24 h. This study showed that of female patients presenting with injury 1% were due to domestic violence. This suggests significant under reporting in this regional emergency department. Further studies to outline the barriers to reporting are required.
Pregnancy outcomes linked to intimate partner violence: a systematic review
Authors: IIiopoulou I Mavromatis S -M , Kanavidis P , Matsoukis I , Petridou E 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAdverse effects of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) during pregnancy on maternal and child health are increasingly recognised as an important public health issue.PurposeTo review the multiple maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with physical, sexual and emotional/psychological/verbal IPV exerted during pregnancy and quantify any related impacts.MethodsA predefined search algorithm was used to retrieve Medline publications in English during the last 25 years, followed by manual search of references. Studies reporting an association between domestic/spousal/intimate partner violence or abuse and adverse obstetric outcomes including low birth weight (LBW), abortion, fetal loss, preterm labor (PTL), preeclampsia and bleeding were included.ResultsIndividual studies have associated any IPV type history with LBW and PTL, whereas sexual IPV was associated with increased risk of third trimester bleeding, emotional IPV with preeclampsia and physical IPV with both bleeding and PTL. Moreover, physical and sexual IPV increased the risk for induced abortion, whereas emotional IPV had a strong association with spontaneous fetal loss. Physical or sexual violence was strongly associated with obstetric problems in general, premature rupture of membranes, direct physical trauma and fetal injury, in particular. Lastly, the likelihood to obtain prenatal care is suboptimal, whereas increased stress levels and postpartum depression have been also observed.SignificanceAssociation of IPV with adverse clinical/psychological outcomes for mothers/children has been already examined, although quantification of the burden is hampered by high heterogeneity levels. Since pregnancy represents a window of opportunity to identify IPV, screening programs and effective interventions should be part of health routines.
Factors associated with intimate partner violence decrease in Medellin, Colombia. 2003–2007
Authors: Restrepo A , Duque LF , Montoya NM 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundBetween 2004–2007 there was a relative reduction of partner physical violence of 50% (17.5% vs 8.5%), in Medellin, Colombia.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo determine factors associated with intimate partner physical violence decreasing in Medellin Colombia, (2004–2007).MethodsTwo household surveys were conducted in Medellin, Colombia (2004 n=5781 and 2007 n=4653). Straus Conflict Tactics Scale was used to measure physical intimate partner violence. We calculated the mean annual change in intimate physical violence, using percentage of aggressors and CI 95%. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between change in physical violence and associated factors.Results/OutcomesFactors associated with this change were an increase of collective efficacy (B=3.3; SE=1.0), and reduction in the following: past year unemployment (B=−0.06; SE=0.12); perceived neighborhood disorder (B=−1.4, SE=0.66), distrust (B=−2.0; SE=1.1), violence and interpersonal aggression legitimating (B=−1.5, SE=0.12), frustrated expectancies and tolerance of law breaking reduction.Significance/Contribution to the FieldChanges in the social environment contributed to physical intimate partner violence decreasing in Medellin. Promotion of public policies that decrease social factors such as machismo attitude and distrust, and promote collective efficacy and employment, may contribute to reduction of partner physical violence.
Model of care for older adults abused in Mexico
Authors: Ma Guadalupe Ruelas-González , Blanca Pelcastre V , Hortensia Reyes M 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo identify the abuse of the elderly through the perception of providers of health services for consultation, and hospital emergency room and the older adult and caregiver in three states of Mexico, to propose a model of care for adult most abused.Material and MethodsQualitative and quantitative study conducted from June 2009 to February 2012, held in the cities of Monterrey, Oaxaca and Cuernavaca, 89 semi-structured interviews doctors, nurses, social workers, psychologists at emergency departments, outpatient and hospital and 111 in nursing homes, caregiver and family. The data analysis was conducted based on procedures proposed by the theory. Additionally, 12 interviews were conducted in social and legal institutions that deal with abuse cases, making statistical analysis.ResultsThe main problem for providers of health services: the neglect and lack of family support for older adults to increase in holidays and vacation bridges, calculating the 40% of cases in consultation and 10% in emergency care and hospitalisation. Family members or caregivers indicate the loss of time and poor quality of care. The elderly, invisibility refers to the haste with that care, lack of proper treatment, lack of training and sensitisation of health personnel.ContributionWe propose implementation of a comprehensive care model for elderly abuse in the strategies: (1) Provision of services, screening, diagnosis and intervention to avoid ‘major’ damage health. (2) Comprehensiveness and complementarity of care from abuse, set of activities coordinated interagency and intersectoral otorge protection and assistance.
Stop, collaborate and listen: the network for a Violencefree Hutt Valley is back with a brand new edition
Authors: Seymour A , Robinson D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFamily violence is a major health, social and economic issue for all New Zealanders, costing the country around $4–5 billion per year. Family violence targeted funding is mainly spent on secondary and tertiary prevention measures. However, we need to shift our thinking about how we deal with family violence within our communities.Aims/Objectives/PurposeAhuru Mowai o te Awakairangi, the Network for a Violence-Free Hutt Valley is one community building a foundation for a primary prevention approach towards family violence.MethodsFamily Violence Networks have existed in the Hutt Valley since the 1990s and a formal Hutt Valley wide network was established by 2010. In 2011, the Network began work to strategically re-position itself away from secondary and tertiary prevention towards a primary prevention approach to family violence. Using a socio-ecological model as a framework for prevention, network agencies continue to work on responding to family violence at an individual and relationship level, while the Network's working group focuses on effecting change at community and societal levels.Results/OutcomesIn practice, this has included the set up of free family violence community education sessions, and lobbying which has resulted in the Network being represented on the WHO International Safe Communities Hutt Valley working group, and the Hutt Valley Governance Group comprising of the Mayors and the leaders of government and non-government agencies.Significance/Contribution to the FieldIt is through such a co-ordinated approach, educating people and lobbying at a policy level, that Ahuru Mowai o Te Awakairangi can effect change in the area of family violence prevention.
Surveillance of family violence a perspective of 5 years in Costa Rica
Authors: Roy Wong-McClure , Leandra Abarca-Gómez , Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza , Guiselle Rovira-Jiménez , Xiomara Badilla-Vargas 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA national Family Violence Surveillance System (FaViSS) was established in Costa Rica since 2005, in all the public Clinics and Hospitals, with the mandatory report of any kind of family violence that included sexual, psychological or physical abuse and neglect syndrome. The objective was describe the Family Violence (FaVi) trend during the last 5 years of the national surveillance system in Costa Rica.MethodsThe standardised surveillance protocol was developed to collect the data from the public Clinics and Hospitals in Costa Rica. We merged and analysed the country's data between 2006 and 2011. The estimated the incidence rate of every kind of FaVi, by age group, gender, year, geographical and temporal distribution.ResultsDuring the analysed period 53 061 cases of FaVi were reported in all the country. The overall FaVi's affected gender was female that reached 79.4% and the younger and elderly population. According with the each FaVi's category, physical abuse was reported in 46.6% of the cases followed by psychological abuse in 28.4%. The FaVi's temporal analysis evidenced that overall FaVi cases were more frequent during the first trimester of each year with a reduction during the last trimester.DiscussionThe Costa Rican FaViSS has permitted knows the behavior in the country of one of the most important public health events and it gave important information to the policy makers.Contribution to the FieldThe current analysis evidenced how the FaViSS could improve the knowledge of the event to enforcement the prevention programs in the country.
Socio-demographic characteristics and public health status of child domestics: myths and reality for a safe community in Bangladesh
Authors: Kazi Selim Anwar , Hossain Mollah H Abid , Reaz Monowar Syed , Ayesha Begum , Ali Molla Azaher , Kumar Sengupta Pradip , Nurul Gani , Afzalul Karim Syed 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDespite ‘child domestic’ remains the worst victims of child-labour, few reports are published on this virtual slavery. However, It is crucial that their health/psycho-social-state are normal. We report here findings of socio-demographic-context and public-health status of such ‘hidden-exploited’-children in Bangladesh.PurposeStudy socio-demographic characteristic and public health status of child domestics working in urban-Dhaka residences.MethodsCross-sectional survey on child-domestics from randomly-selected 90-households in nine areas in urban Dhaka. Data were collected employing house-to-house visit to interview child-domestics (household master/mistresses) using structured-questionnaire/checklists.OutcomeAll-these 113 child-domestics (mean age 11.7±2.2) came out from grossly-poor families/poverty-stricken areas and had no schooling, but few signed names, scrappily. While 42% non/relatives and19%parents brought them-in to such slavery, 36% masters/mistress trapped them in. Just for mere-wage of Tk.750–950(∼11–13 US$)/month, they look-after 4–6-member-families, 98% on verbal-agreement(wage and free-food/lodging). Nail was not trimmed in 81%, clothes were dirty in 76%, scabies in 46% and helminthiasis/anemia in 88%.Some 77% had no separate rooms to sleep,∼49% slept on floor/veranda and 69% on thin-mat/Kantha. While 89% work dawn-to-dusk (45% until late-night), with ½-1-hr interval when master's-family enjoy mid-day-nap. Nearly 67% never plays-out, 70% never saw a doctor, 35% sustained battering, 26% endured physical-torturing and 31% stayed-locked inside-out. Even-than 57% reportedly lived there happily (?).Significance/ContributionThese-findings demonstrate that child-domestics, often deployed on verbal-agreement, sustain physical-torturing, endure psycho-social threats and suffer from ill-health. Even-than, extreme-poverty compel these child-domestics live happily. While we advocate banning this 'silently-exploited virtual-slaves', we recommend to accomplish it through phase-wise rehabilitation-programs, employing public-private partnerships approach.