bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung inhomogeneities, inflation and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake rate in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Cressoni Massimo , Chiumello Davide , Chiurazzi Chiara , Brioni Matteo , Algieri Ilaria , Gotti Miriam , Nikolla Klodiana , Massari Dario , Cammaroto Antonio , Colombo Andrea , Cadringher Paolo , Carlesso Eleonora , Benti Riccardo , Casati Rosangela , Zito Felicia , Gattinoni Luciano 
Published: October 2015

The aim of the study was to determine the size and location of homogeneous inflamed/noninflamed and inhomogeneous inflamed/noninflamed lung compartments and their association with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) severity.In total, 20 ARDS patients underwent 5 and 45 cmH2O computed tomography (CT) scans to measure lung recruitability. [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake and lung inhomogeneities were quantified with a positron emission tomography-CT scan at 10 cmH2O. We defined four compartments with normal/abnormal [18F]FDG uptake and lung homogeneity.The homogeneous compartment with normal [18F]FDG uptake was primarily composed of well-inflated tissue (80±16%), double-sized in nondependent lung (32±27%versus16±17%, p<0.0001) and decreased in size from mild, moderate to severe ARDS (33±14%, 26±20% and 5±9% of the total lung volume, respectively, p=0.05). The homogeneous compartment with high [18F]FDG uptake was similarly distributed between the dependent and nondependent lung. The inhomogeneous compartment with normal [18F]FDG uptake represented 4% of the lung volume. The inhomogeneous compartment with high [18F]FDG uptake was preferentially located in the dependent lung (21±10%versus12±10%, p<0.0001), mostly at the open/closed interfaces and related to recruitability (r2=0.53, p<0.001).The homogeneous lung compartment with normal inflation and [18F]FDG uptake decreases with ARDS severity, while the inhomogeneous poorly/not inflated compartment increases. Most of the lung inhomogeneities are inflamed. A minor fraction of healthy tissue remains in severe ARDS.
Risk of death and readmission of hospital-admitted COPD exacerbations: European COPD Audit
Authors: Hartl Sylvia , Lopez-Campos Jose Luis , Pozo-Rodriguez Francisco , Castro-Acosta Ady , Studnicka Michael , Kaiser Bernhard , Roberts C. Michael 
Published: October 2015

Studies report high in-hospital and post-discharge mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations varying depending upon patient characteristics, hospital resources and treatment standards. This study aimed to investigate the patient, resource and organisational factors associated with in-hospital and 90-day post-discharge mortality and readmission of COPD exacerbations within the European COPD Audit. The audit collected data of COPD exacerbation admissions from 13 European countries.On admission, only 49.7% of COPD patients had spirometry results available and only 81.6% had blood gases taken. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk associated with in-hospital and post-discharge mortality was higher age, presence of acidotic respiratory failure, subsequent need for ventilatory support and presence of comorbidity. In addition, the 90-day risk of COPD readmission was associated with previous admissions. Only the number of respiratory specialists per 1000 beds, a variable related to hospital resources, decreased the risk of post-discharge mortality.The European COPD Audit identifies risk factors associated with in-hospital and post-discharge mortality and COPD readmission. Addressing the deficiencies in acute COPD care such as making spirometry available and measuring blood gases and providing noninvasive ventilation more regularly would provide opportunities to improve COPD outcomes.
Enhanced osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from cortical bone: a comparative analysis
Authors: Fernandez-Moure Joseph S. , Corradetti Bruna , Chan Paige , Van Eps Jeffrey L. , Janecek Trevor , Rameshwar Pranela , Weiner Bradley K. , Tasciotti Ennio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for regenerative therapies in the musculoskeletal system. Although MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) have been extensively characterized, there is still debate as to the ideal source of MSCs for tissue-engineering applications in bone repair.MethodsMSCs were isolated from cortical bone fragments (CBF-MSCs) obtained from patients undergoing laminectomy, selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and tested for their potential to undergo mesodermic differentiation. CBF-MSCs were then compared with BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs for their colony-forming unit capability and osteogenic potential in both normoxia and hypoxia. After 2 and 4 weeks in inducing media, differentiation was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and mineral deposition (Von Kossa staining). Transcriptional activity of osteoblastogenesis-associated genes (Alp,RUNX2,Spp1, andBglap) was also analyzed.ResultsThe cortical fraction of the bone contains a subset of cells positive for MSC-associated markers and capable of tri-lineage differentiation. The hypoxic conditions were generally more effective in inducing osteogenesis for the three cell lines. However, at 2 and 4 weeks, greater calcium deposition and ALP expression were observed in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions in CBF-MSCs compared with AD- and BM-MSCs. These functional observations were further corroborated by gene expression analysis, which showed a significant upregulation ofBglap,Alp, andSpp1, with a 22.50 (±4.55)-, 46.56 (±7.4)-, 71.46 (±4.16)-fold increase compared with their uninduced counterparts.ConclusionsThis novel population of MSCs retains a greater biosynthetic activityin vitro, which was found increased in hypoxic conditions. The present study demonstrates that quantitative differences between MSCs retrieved from bone marrow, adipose, and the cortical portion of the bone with respect to their osteogenic potential exist and suggests the cortical bone as suitable candidate to use for orthopedic tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
The fate of systemically administrated allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in mouse femoral fracture healing
Authors: Huang Shuo , Xu Liangliang , Sun Yuxin , Zhang Yifeng , Li Gang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The fate and whereabouts of the allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) following their transplantation are not well understood. The present study investigated the fate of systemically administrated allogeneic MSCs in mouse fracture healing by using in vivo imaging and immunohistochemistry methods.

Methods
Open femoral fracture with internal fixation was established in 30 FVB mice, which were assigned to three groups receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection, MSC systemic injection, or MSC local injection. Luc-MSCs (5 × 105) isolated from the luciferase transgenic mice with FVB background were injected at 4 days after fracture. All animals were terminated at 5 weeks after fracture; examinations included bioluminescence-based in vivo imaging, micro-computer tomography, mechanical testing, histology, immunohistochemistry, and double immunofluorescence staining.

Results
The bioluminescence signals of the Luc-MSCs at the fracture site could be detected for 12–14 days following their injection in the Luc-MSC local injection group, whereas in the Luc-MSC systemic injection group, Luc-MSCs were initially trapped in lungs for about 8–9 days and then gradually redistributed to the fracture site. Bone mineral density, bone volume/tissue volume, ultimate load, and E-modulus in the MSC injection groups were significantly higher than those in the PBS group. Double immunostaining demonstrated that the MSC local injection group had more Luc-positive cells, and there was a higher apoptotic rate at the fracture site than the MSC systemic injection group. Both Luciferase-positive MSCs and osteoblasts were present in the callus in the MSC injection groups at 5 weeks after fracture, suggesting that some of allogenic Luc-MSCs contributed to the new bone formation. Only less than 3 % of injected Luc-MSCs remained at the fracture site in the MSC injection groups at 5 weeks following the fracture, and the rest of the injected Luc-MSCs disappeared.

Conclusions
Our data showed that both systemic and local injection of allogeneic MSCs promoted fracture healing through enhancing biomechanical properties, bone content, and enlarged callus sizes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the injected MSCs are still present in the fracture site and can differentiate into osteoblasts to participate in fracture healing even at 5 weeks following the fracture. These findings provide useful information for the use of allogenic MSCs for cell therapy applications.
Role of a clinical pharmacist in managing diabetic nephropathy: an approach of pharmaceutical care plan
Authors: Khan Mohammed Amer , Medarametla Chaitanya , Rabbani Mohammed Mahboob E. , Prashanthi Kolamadhi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the effect of low-protein diet on renal function in patient with diabetic nephropathy.

Materials and methods
This is a case of a 57-year-old obese patient who is a known case of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, benign prostate hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease 4th stage presented with the complaints of weakness, dyspnea, arthralgia, neuropathic pains and pedal edema which are prominent symptoms of Chronic kidney disease. Our healthcare team had visited patient’s home and analyzed the available reports on kidney profile, fasting sugar, post prandial sugar, HbA1c, lipid profile test and prescriptions which was found to be high. The glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine and blood urea were 24 ml/min, 3.4 mg/dL and 90 mg/dL, fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar and HbA1c were 226, 305 and 7.4 %, and total cholesterol and triglycerides were 145 & 95 respectively. Further discussion on diet, it came to know that the patient was on high carbohydrate diet. By considering the objective and subjective data, our team had done the assessment and come to a conclusion that high amount of carbohydrate diet with poor medication adherence had led to the hyperglycemia which developed diabetic nephropathy. We have recommended low protein, unsaturated fat, multivitamins, antioxidants and moderate carbohydrate diet. Two dietary assessment tools had been used in order to monitor patient’s adherence to the diet i.e. dietary record book and food frequency questionnaire.

Results
We have carefully monitored the serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and blood urea for 12 months initially with an interval of 30 days for 3 months and later trimonthly up-to 12 months. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated by using the formula CKD-EPI creatinine equation. The values trend for first three months of serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate were 2.8 mg/dL, 2.6 mg/dL,1.5 mg/dL and 24 ml/min, 26 ml/min, 51 ml/min respectively. Further, results has shown a significant improvement in the 6th, 9th and 12th month. The values of serum creatinine in the 6th, 9th and 12th month were 1.3 mg/dL, 1.1 mg/dL and 0.9 mg/dL, whereas golmerular filtration rate in the 6th, 9th and 12th month were 61 ml/min, 74 ml/min and 94 ml/min.

Conclusion
The present study has demonstrated the protein diet restriction in-order to control the progression of renal failure. The dietary intervention on diabetic nephropathy plays a significant role in controlling the kidney failures. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate the impact of pharmacist role in managing diabetic nephropathy by providing pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical care services should be encouraged in the community and hospital pharmacy which definitely plays a major impact in reaching the definite outcomes and providing higher quality of life.
Partial genome sequence of Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans ARhD 1T, a chemolithoautotrophic haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium capable of complete denitrification
Authors: Berben Tom , Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Ivanova Natalia , Pati Amrita , Kyrpides Nikos , Goodwin Lynne A. , Woyke Tanja , Muyzer Gerard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans strain ARhD 1T is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium isolated from soda lakes that belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria. It derives energy for growth and carbon fixation from the oxidation of sulfur compounds, most notably thiocyanate, and so is a chemolithoautotroph. It is capable of complete denitrification under anaerobic conditions. The draft genome sequence consists of 3,746,647 bp in 3 scaffolds, containing 3558 protein-coding and 121 RNA genes. T. thiocyanodenitrificans ARhD 1T was sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute Community Science Program.
Generation, Characterization, and Reactions of Thionium Ions Based on the Indirect Cation Pool Method
Authors: Shimizu Akihiro , Takeda Keiji , Mishima Shota , Saito Kodai , Kim Songhee , Nokami Toshiki , Yoshida Jun-ichi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
PhCH=S+Ar (Ar = p-FC6H4) was generated and accumulated for the first time in organic solvents that are commonly used for organic synthesis such as dichloromethane by the indirect cation pool method. The thionium ion is stable at temperatures lower than −20 °C, and reacts with carbon nucleophiles at the carbon adjacent to sulfur. The thionium ion was successfully characterized by UV, NMR, and IR measurements. Electronic structure of the thionium ion, in particular its bond character, is discussed based on the spectroscopic measurements and DFT calculations.
Effectiveness of red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis extracts against Leishmania infantum
Authors: Vitale Fabrizio , Genovese Giuseppa , Bruno Federica , Castelli Germano , Piazza Maria , Migliazzo Antonella , Minicante Simona Armeli , Manghisi Antonio , Morabito Marina 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease with a worldwide
distribution affecting both humans and animals. There is
a need to identify and develop new drugs for the treatment
of leishmaniasis. This study showed that crude ethanolic
extracts of the red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis have a
powerful effect against L. infantum, the prevalent species
of the genus Leishmania in the Mediterranean basin. L.
infantum demonstrated decreased vitality with increasing
concentration of the algal extracts. At a concentration of
40 μg/mL, the extracts achieved 100% mortality of the
parasite and the LD50 value was 25 μg/mL for promastigotes
and 9 μg/mL for amastigotes. Algal extracts caused
morphological alterations and apoptosis in Leishmania
cells. The potential cytotoxic action of crude extracts was
investigated by a MTT viability assay on DH82 and Vero
cell lines but there was no cytotoxic effect. The potential
of red alga A. taxiformis metabolites as anti-leishmanial
agents merits further pharmacological investigation.
How do gerunds conceptualize events? A diachronic study
Authors: Fonteyn Lauren , Heyvaert Liesbet , Maekelberghe Charlotte 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article offers a cognitive perspective on the evolution of the semantics of English nominal gerunds (NG) (I regret the signing of the contract) and verbal gerunds (VG) (I regret signing the contract). While the formal differences between NGs and VGs are well documented, their semantics remains largely unexplored territory. The perspective that is taken here is centered on the linguistic notion of reference and various aspects of the conceptualization involved in it. As they formally hover between more nominal and more clause-like internal properties, gerunds form an interesting test case for the cognitive perspective on referentiality. Our corpus analysis describes how the situations that NGs and VGs refer to are conceptualized as deictic expressions grounded in the speech event in Present-day English, and how this has changed since the Early Modern period. It is shown that only a multi-layered model of referentiality can account for the subtle differences found between NGs and VGs: while no fundamental shifts are found with regard to the traditional referential subtypes (specific, non-specific, generic), NGs and VGs do turn out to differ in their choice for either nominal or clausal grounding mechanisms, in their status as existentially stable or flexible entities and in the mental spaces in which they situate the events that they conceptualize.
Pharmacogenetics of healthy volunteers in Puerto Rico
Authors: Claudio-Campos Karla , Orengo-Mercado Carmelo , Renta Jessicca Y. , Peguero Muriel , García Ricardo , Hernández Gabriel , Corey Susan , Cadilla Carmen L. , Duconge Jorge 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Puerto Ricans are a unique Hispanic population with European, Native American (Taino), and higher West African ancestral contributions than other non-Caribbean Hispanics. In admixed populations, such as Puerto Ricans, genetic variants can be found at different frequencies when compared to parental populations and uniquely combined and distributed. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to collect data from studies conducted in healthy Puerto Ricans and to report the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms with major relevance in drug response. Filtering for healthy volunteers or individuals, we performed a search of pharmacogenetic studies in academic literature databases without limiting the period of the results. The search was limited to Puerto Ricans living in the island, excluding those studies performed in mainland (United States). We found that the genetic markers impacting pharmacological therapy in the areas of cardiovascular, oncology, and neurology are the most frequently investigated. Coincidently, the top causes of mortality in the island are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. In addition, polymorphisms in genes that encode for members of the CYP450 family (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) are also available due to their relevance in the metabolism of drugs. The complex genetic background of Puerto Ricans is responsible for the divergence in the reported allele frequencies when compared to parental populations (Africans, East Asians, and Europeans). The importance of reporting the findings of pharmacogenetic studies conducted in Puerto Ricans is to identify genetic variants with potential utility among this genetically complex population and eventually move forward the adoption of personalized medicine in the island.
The influence of selected design and operating parameters on
the dynamics of the steam micro-turbine
Authors: Żywica Grzegorz , Kiciński Jan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The topic of the article is the analysis of the
influence of selected design parameters and operating
conditions on the radial steam micro-turbine, which was
adapted to operate with low-boiling agent in the Organic
Rankine Cycle (ORC). In the following parts of this article
the results of the thermal load analysis, the residual
unbalance and the stiffness of bearing supports are discussed.
Advanced computational methods and numerical
models have been used. Computational analysis showed
that the steam micro-turbine is characterized by very good
dynamic properties and is resistant to extreme operating
conditions. The prototype of micro-turbine has passed a
series of test calculations. It has been found that it can be
subjected to experimental research in the micro combined
heat and power system.
CFD analysis of fluid flow in an axial multi-stage partial-admission ORC turbine
Authors: Surwilo Jan , Lampart Piotr , Szymaniak Mariusz 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBasic operational advantages of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems and specific issues of turbines working in these systems are discussed. The strategy for CFD simulation of the considered ORC turbine and the main issues of the numerical model are presented. The method of constructing the 3D CAD geometry as well as discretisation of the flow domain are also shown. Main features of partial admission flow in the multi-stage axial turbine are discussed. The influence of partial admission on the working conditions of the subsequent stage supplied at the full circumference is also described.
Designing and updating the flow part of axial and radial-axial turbines through mathematical modeling
Authors: Rusanov Andrey , Rusanov Roman , Lampart Piotr 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe paper describes an algorithm for the design of axial and radial-axial type turbines. The algorithm is based on using mathematical models of various levels of complexity – from 1D to 3D. Flow path geometry is described by means of analytical methods of profiling using a limited number of parameters. 3D turbulent flow model is realised in the program complex IPMFlow, developed based on the earlier codes FlowER and FlowER-U. Examples of developed or modernized turbines for differentpurpose power machines are presented. They are: an expansion turbine, ORC turbine and cogeneration mediumpressure turbine.
De novo ceramide synthesis is involved in acute inflammation during labor
Authors: Signorelli Paola , Avagliano Laura , Reforgiato Marta R. , Toppi Nadia , Casas Josefina , Fabriàs Gemma , Marconi Anna Maria , Ghidoni Riccardo , Caretti Anna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Gestation is regulated by an inflammatory process that allows implantation and parturition. The comprehension of such inflammatory switches is important for the identification of therapeutic targets in pregnancy defects. Sphingolipids are a class of structural membrane components with important signaling functions. Among sphingolipids, ceramide is a well-known mediator of stress signals and pro-inflammatory responses. In this paper, we evaluated the association between ceramide increase and the inflammatory process of labor, comparing placentas from vaginal deliveries, including both spontaneous and induced labor, versus elective cesarean. We demonstrated that: (i) the inflammatory marker IL-6 is upregulated in labored placentas; (ii) IL-6 content inversely correlates with labor duration; (iii) ceramide content and expression of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT, rate limiting enzyme for de novo ceramide synthesis) are increased in labored placentas; (iv) the expression of SPT directly correlates with inflammation and inversely with labor duration. These observations suggest that ceramide metabolism and signaling may be implicated in controlling important inflammatory mechanisms driving gestation: we hypothesize that ceramide can be a therapeutic target in inflammatory complications of parturition.
Effect of Nitrogen Content and Cooling Rate on Transformation Characteristics and Mechanical Properties for 600 MPa High Strength Rebar
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Fu-ming , Li Chang-rong , Yang Zhan-bing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo obtain appropriate chemical composition and thermo-mechanical schedules for processing the V-N microalloyed 600 MPa grade high strength rebar, the microstructure analysis during dynamic continuous cooling and tensile tests of three experimental steels with different nitrogen contents were conducted. The results show that increasing nitrogen content promotes ferrite transformation and broadens the bainite transformation interval, when the nitrogen content is in the range of 0.019–0.034 mass%. Meanwhile, the martensite start temperatures decrease and the minimal cooling rate to form martensite increases. To achieve a good combination of strength and ductility, the cooling rates should be controlled in the range of 0.5–3°C/s, leading to the microstructure of ferrite, pearlite and less than 10% bainite (volume fraction). Furthermore, all the experimental steels satisfy the performance requirement of 600 MPa grade rebar and the rebar with nitrogen content of 0.034 mass% shows the highest strength through systematically comparative investigation.