bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Buried Depth on Steady-State Heat-Transfer Characteristics for Pipeline-Flow Assurance
Authors: Oh Dong-Wook , Park Jang Min , Lee Kong Hoon , Zakarian Erich , Lee Jungho 
Published: June 2014

Summary
Pipeline embedment into the seabed is a key consideration for offshore oil and gas developments with high-temperature fluids. To date, the mechanism of steady-state heat transfer from partially and fully buried pipes has been modeled predominantly through analytical and numerical approaches. The current study focuses on making detailed measurements of heat-transfer characteristics. A laboratory-scale experimental apparatus imitating a subsea pipeline partially or fully buried into the seabed is created. Hot flow of hydrocarbons inside oil and gas offshore pipelines and the cold external flow of seawaters are simulated by means of 70°C and 5°C water flows from two separate water tanks, respectively. The experiments are carried out for seven different burial depths representing a range of various burial configurations, from fully exposed to fully buried pipes. The temperatures measured on the external surface of the pipe are analyzed, and the overall heat-transfer coefficient of the pipe is calculated. The effect of burial depth on the overall heat-transfer coefficient is compared with analytical formulae.
Analysis of Oil-Volume Fluxes of Hydrocarbon-Seep Formations on the Green Canyon and Mississippi Canyon: A Study With 3D-Seismic Attributes in Combination With Satellite and Acoustic Data
Authors: Garcia-Pineda Oscar , MacDonald Ian , Shedd William 
Published: June 2014

Summary
Natural hydrocarbon seeps have an important role in the carbon cycle and in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) ecosystem. The magnitude of these natural oil seeps was analyzed with 3D-seismic attributes in combination with satellite and acoustic data. Hydrocarbon seepage in the deep water of the GOM is associated with deep cutting faults, generated by vertical salt movement, that provide conduits for the upward migration of oil and gas. Seeps transform surface geology and generate prominent geophysical targets that can be identified in 3D-seismic data. Seafloor-amplitude anomalies in plain view correlate with the underlying fault systems.
On the basis of 3D-seismic data, detailed mapping of the northern GOM has identified more than 24,000 geophysical anomalies across the basin. In addition to seismic data, synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) images have proved to be a reliable tool for localizing natural seepage of oil. We used a texture-classifier neural-network algorithm (TCNNA) to process more than 1,200 SAR images collected over the GOM. We quantified more than 1,000 individual seep formations distributed along the outer continental shelf and in deep water. Comparison of the geophysical anomalies with the SAR oil-slick targets shows good general agreement between the distributions of the two indicators. However, there are far fewer active oil seeps than geophysical anomalies, probably because of timing constraints during the basin evolution.
Studying the size of the oil slicks on the surface (normalized to weather conditions), we found that the average flux rate of oil (per seep) may be affected by the local change in the baroclinic and barotrophic pressures [e.g., warm core eddies (WCEs) and storms]. We found that oil slicks in the Mississippi Canyon (MC) protraction area tend to be more sensitive to pressure changes than Green Canyon (GC) protraction-area seeps.
Two Generalized Common Fixed Point Theorems Involving Compatibility and Property E.A.
Authors: Phaneendra T. , Prasad V. S. R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We prove two generalizations: the first to Das and Naik’s theorem for a pair of compatible maps without continuity; and the next as an extension of our first result to three self-maps on a metric space X without compatibility, under a stronger contraction type inequality and restricting the completeness of X to its subspace. The latter is a significant generalization of a recent result of Pant et al.
On the Canonical Connection for Smooth Envelopes
Authors: Moreno Giovanni 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A notion known as smooth envelope, or superposition closure, appears naturally in several approaches to generalized smooth manifolds, which were proposed in the last decades. Such an operation is indispensable in order to perform differential calculus. A derivation of the enveloping algebra can be restricted to the original one, but it is a delicate question if the the viceversa can be done as well. In a physical language, this would correspond to the existence of a canonical connection. In this paper, we show an example of an algebra which always possesses such a connection.
Critical Case Stochastic Phylogenetic Tree Model via the Laplace Transform
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Krzeminski Michał 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Birth-and-death models are now a common mathematical tool to describe branching patterns observed in real-world phylogenetic trees. Liggett and Schinazi (2009) is one such example. The authors propose a simple birth-and-death model that is compatible with phylogenetic trees of both influenza and HIV, depending on the birth rate parameter. An interesting special case of this model is the critical case where the birth rate equals the death rate. This is a non-trivial situation and to study its asymptotic behaviour we employed the Laplace transform. With this, we correct the proof of Liggett and Schinazi (2009) in the critical case.
On Some Consequences of the Functional Generalization of the Parallelogram Identity
Authors: Maczyński Maciej J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to unify the partial results, which up to now, have been dispersed in various publications in order to show the importance of the functional form of parallelogram identity in mathematics and physics. We study vector spaces admitting a real non-negative functional which satisfies an identity analogous to the parallelogram identity in normed vector spaces. We show that this generalized parallelogram identity also implies an equality analogous to the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. We study the consequences of this identity in real and complex vector spaces, in generalized Riesz spaces and in abelian groups. We give a physical interpretation to these results. For vector spaces of observables and states, we show that the parallelogram identity implies an inequality analogous to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (HUP), and we show that we can obtain the standard structure of quantum mechanics from the parallelogram identity, without assuming from the beginning the HUP. The role of complex numbers in quantum mechanics is discussed.
Fiber energy efficiency Part I: Extended entropy model
Authors: Karlström Anders , Eriksson Karin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This is the first in a series of papers presenting the development of a comprehensive multiscale model with focus on fiber energy efficiency in thermo mechanical pulp processes. The fiber energy efficiency is related to the defibration and fibrillation work obtained when fibers and fiber bundles interact with the refining bars. The fiber energy efficiency differs from the total refining energy efficiency which includes the thermodynamical work as well. Extracting defibration and fibrillation work along the radius in the refining zone gives information valuable for fiber development studies.Models for this process must handle physical variables as well as machine specific parameters at different scales. To span the material and energy balances, spatial measurements from the refining zone must be available. In this paper, measurements of temperature profile and plate gaps from a full-scale CD-refiner are considered as model inputs together with a number of process variables. This enables the distributed consistency in the refining zone as well as the split of the total work between the flat zone and the CD-zone to be derived. As the temperature profile and the plate gap are available in the flat zone and the CD-zone at different process conditions it is also shown that the distributed pulp dynamic viscosity can be obtained. This is normally unknown in refining processes but certainly useful for all fluid dynamic models describing the bar-to-fiber interactions. Finally, it is shown that the inclusion of the machine parameters will be vital to get good estimates of the refining conditions and especially the split between the thermodynamical work and the defibration/fibrillation work.
The influence of process waters on optical properties during storage of hydrogen-peroxide bleached Norway spruce mechanical pulp
Authors: Enberg Sofia , Rundlöf Mats , Paulsson Magnus , Axelsson Patrik , Eriksen Øyvind , Engstrand Per 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
To evaluate the causes behind the formation of colour in mill systems, the effect of different process waters on the optical properties of hydrogenperoxide bleached Norway spruce mechanical pulp during storage was studied. The influence of process water type, temperature, time, pulp consistency and pH was evaluated over the visible range of wavelengths. The darkening was more pronounced when pulp was stored in process waters compared to in distilled water. Increased temperature and prolonged storage times increased the darkening as expected, whereas a higher storage consistency gave less darkening than a lower storage consistency (15% compared to 5%). The pH value that gave the lowest brightness reduction and a minimum in Δk460 was found to be 5.5-6.0. Storage of pulp in white water from the paper machine resulted in a broad shoulder in the k spectra indicating colour formation related to the particles in this water. Part of this shoulder in absorption spectra was related to added dyes, but the increase in absorption with time is likely to be caused by some other colour formation. The colour measured as a*, b* showed that the storage changed the colour of the pulp towards red and yellow, and initially more towards red.
Elevated Levels of Mast Cells Are Involved in Pruritus Associated with Polycythemia Vera in JAK2V617F Transgenic Mice
Authors: Jin Xi , Zhao Wanke , Kirabo Annet , Park Sung O. , Ho Wanting T. , Sayeski Peter P. , Zhao Zhizhuang J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Pruritus occurs frequently in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), and the pathophysiology of PV-associated pruritus is unclear. We have previously demonstrated that transgenic mice expressing JAK2V617F displayed clear PV-like phenotypes. In the current study, we found frequent occurrence of pruritus with aged JAK2V617F transgenic mice and further investigated the underlying mechanisms by studying mast cells, key players in allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. Massive accumulations of mast cells were observed in the skin of pruritic JAK2V617F transgenic mice. In vitro culture yielded much higher mast cell counts from the bone marrow, spleen, peripheral blood, and peritoneal cavity of JAK2V617F transgenic mice than from controls. Cultured mast cells from JAK2V617F transgenic mice exhibited enhanced proliferative signals, relative resistance to cell death upon growth factor deprivation, and a growth advantage over control cells under suboptimal growth conditions. However, these mast cells displayed normal morphology and contained normal levels of mast cell proteases before and after degranulation. Finally, the JAK2 inhibitor G6 effectively reduced mast cell numbers and alleviated pruritus in JAK2V617F transgenic mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that mast cells are involved in PV-associated pruritogenesis and that JAK2 inhibitors are potential antipruritus drugs.
Id1 Expression Promotes T Regulatory Cell Differentiation by Facilitating TCR Costimulation
Authors: Liu Chen , Wang Hong-Cheng , Yu Sen , Jin Rong , Tang Hui , Liu Yuan-Feng , Ge Qing , Sun Xiao-Hong , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
T regulatory (Treg) cells play crucial roles in the regulation of cellular immunity. The development of Treg cells depends on signals from TCRs and IL-2Rs and is influenced by a variety of transcription factors. The basic helix-loop-helix proteins are known to influence TCR signaling thresholds. Whether this property impacts Treg differentiation is not understood. In this study, we interrogated the role of basic helix-loop-helix proteins in the production of Treg cells using the CD4 promoter-driven Id1 transgene. We found that Treg cells continued to accumulate as Id1 transgenic mice aged, resulting in a significant increase in Treg cell counts in the thymus as well as in the periphery compared with wild-type controls. Data from mixed bone marrow assays suggest that Id1 acts intrinsically on developing Treg cells. We made a connection between Id1 expression and CD28 costimulatory signaling because Id1 transgene expression facilitated the formation of Treg precursors in CD28−/− mice and the in vitro differentiation of Treg cells on thymic dendritic cells despite the blockade of costimulation by anti-CD80/CD86. Id1 expression also allowed in vitro Treg differentiation without anti-CD28 costimulation, which was at least in part due to enhanced production of IL-2. Notably, with full strength of costimulatory signals, however, Id1 expression caused modest but significant suppression of Treg induction. Finally, we demonstrate that Id1 transgenic mice were less susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, thus illustrating the impact of Id1-mediated augmentation of Treg cell levels on cellular immunity.
IL-17 Promotes Murine Lupus
Authors: Amarilyo Gil , Lourenço Elaine V. , Shi Fu-Dong , La Cava Antonio 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The proinflammatory activity of IL-17–producing Th17 cells has been associated with the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In this article, we provide direct evidence for a role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The induction of SLE by pristane in IL-17–sufficient wild-type mice did not occur in IL-17–deficient mice, which were protected from development of lupus autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis. The protection from SLE in IL-17–deficient mice was associated with a reduced frequency of CD3+CD4−CD8− double-negative T cells and an expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells, and did not depend on Stat-1 signaling. These data affirm the key role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of SLE and strengthen the support for IL-17 blockade in the therapy of SLE.
IgG4-related disease with sinonasal involvement: A case series
Authors: Prabhu Shailesh M , Yadav Vikas , Irodi Aparna , Mani Sunithi , Varghese Ajoy Mathew 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present the imaging findings in two cases of IgG4-related disease involving the sinonasal region in the pediatric age group. Imaging findings in IgG4-related disease affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses have been rarely reported in literature. The diagnosis is made by a combination of clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings. Radiologists should be aware of the imaging findings of this condition to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
Persistent pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Abbey Pooja , Narula Mahender K , Anand Rama , Chandra Jagdish 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present the case of a 10-month-old boy with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis showing thin-walled lung cysts along with computed tomography (CT) evidence of persistent pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PPIE), in the absence of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Follow-up CT performed after 6 months demonstrated complete resolution of interstitial emphysema.
Bilateral transrenal ureteral occlusion by means of n-butyl cyanoacrylate and AMPLATZER vascular plug
Authors: Grasso Rosario F , Cazzato Roberto Luigi , Luppi Giacomo , Mercurio Simona , Giurazza Francesco , Vescovo Riccardo Del , Faiella Eliodoro , Zobel Bruno Beomonte 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAMPLATZER vascular plug is a widely used embolic agent. In the present paper, we present a case of an 86-year-old female patient who underwent bilateral ureteral occlusion by means of AMPLATZER vascular plug II coupled to n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) because of recurring pyelonephritis following cystectomy with subsequent bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy (sec. Mainz type II).
Fetal gastric pseudomass at 30 weeks of gestation and its regression after 17 days of birth
Authors: Karippaliyil Balakumar , Kannan Misha , Karippaliyil Milind 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSecond trimester fetal ultrasonography (USG) occasionally reveals an echogenic intragastric mass. These masses are usually small due to the organized debris from swallowed amniotic fluid, and they normally disappear in the third trimester. This report shows a fetal intragastric echogenic mass detected at 30 weeks of gestation that persisted as a large heterogeneously echoic mass even on the 10 th day after birth. The immediate postnatal USG features were consistent with the possibility of an intragastric soft tissue mass, though abdominal  radiographs and computed tomography (CT) with oral contrast were non-specific. The baby remained asymptomatic in the neonatal period and USG scanning again after a week showed normal stomach and other intra-abdominal visceral echoes.
Stretched bowel sign in combined transmesocolic and transomental internal hernia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kundaragi Nischal G , Vinayagam Shanmugam , Mudali Srinivasa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTransomental and transmesenteric hernias are rare types of internal hernia, with a reported frequency of upto 4% and 8%, respectively. Combined transomental and transmesocolic hernia is even rare. Only in a few types of internal hernia, the dilated small bowel loops will be seen extending from the antero-superior aspect of the distal stomach and cause stretching effect over the adjacent bowel loops with increase in the size of the herniated bowel segment or intestinal obstruction. We report a rare case of idiopathic combined transomental (across the lesser omentum) and transmesocolic internal hernia with "stretched bowel sign," its diagrammatic representations, and review of literature.
Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck - Rare differential for vulval swelling
Authors: Pandey Anubha , Jain Shivi , Verma Ashish , Jain Madhu , Srivastava Arvind , Shukla Ram C 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPatent canal of Nuck is one of the rare developmental entities in females, presenting clinically as an inguino-labial swelling. The usual content of this sac is fluid being secreted by the peritoneal mesothelium. In rare cases, ovary alone or with fallopian tube may prolapsed out into the sac. We report the rationale use of diagnostic algorithm in a case of ovarian hernia into the patent canal of Nuck, to differentiate it from more common clinical mimics. Furthermore, in the present case, a knowledge of the entity and targeted scrutiny, led to a correct identification of the prolapsed ovary, preventing an unwarranted oophorectomy in the garb of neoplasia.
Impact of immediate evaluation of touch imprint cytology from computed tomography guided core needle biopsies of mass lesions: Single institution experience
Authors: Moghadamfalahi Mana , Podoll Mirna , Frey Amy B. , Alatassi Houda 
Published: June 2014

Background:Computed tomography (CT) guided core needle biopsy (CT-guided CNB) is a minimally invasive, safe and effective manner of tissue sampling in many organs. The aim of our study is to determine the impact of on-site evaluation of touch imprint cytology (TIC) to minimize the number of passes required to obtain adequate tissue for diagnosis.Design:A retrospective review of all CT-guided CNBs performed during 4 year period, where pathologists were present for on-site TIC evaluation. Each case was evaluated for the number of passes required before TIC was interpreted as adequate for diagnosis.Results:A total of 140 CT-guided CNBs were included in the study (liver, lung, kidney, sacral, paraspinal, omental, splenic and adrenal masses). Of the 140 cases, 109 were diagnosed as malignant, 28 as benign and three insufficient. In 106 cases (75.7%), the biopsies were determined adequate by TIC on the first pass, 19 cases (13%) on the second pass and 7 cases (5%) on the third pass. Only in 5 cases (3.6%), more than three passes were required before diagnostic material was obtained. Three cases (2.14%) were interpreted as inadequate both on TIC and on the final diagnosis. Of the biopsies deemed adequate on the first pass, 71% resulted in either termination of the procedure, or only one additional pass was obtained. In five cases, based on the TIC evaluation, a portion of the sample was sent for either flow cytometric analysis or cytogenetic studies.Conclusions:In the majority of cases, adequate material was obtained in the first pass of CT-guided CNB and once this was obtained, either no additional passes, or one additional pass was performed. This study demonstrates the utility of on-site evaluation in minimizing the number of passes required for obtaining adequate diagnostic material and for proper specimen triage for ancillary studies, which in turn decreases the risk to the patient and costs. However, tumor exhaustion in the tissue as a result of TIC is an important pitfall of the procedure, which occurred in 9 (8.2%) of our malignant cases.
Synchronous Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Naphthalene in Water Samples Using Mixed Micellar Medium
Authors: Ghonim Omar Abdel-Aziz , El-Kosasy Amira Mabrouk , El-Sayed Okeil Sherif Mahmoud 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A mixed micellar medium of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Pluronic F-127 was used to enhance the fluorescence of naphthalene and to obtain lower LODs. The method was based upon measuring the first-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectrum of naphthalene by using a mixed micellar medium at a constant wavelength difference Δλ = 60 nm, where a greater fluorescence enhancement was observed if compared to using a single surfactant separately. A linear fluorimetric calibration curve was obtained for naphthalene in a concentration range of 10–200 ng/mL. The LOD was 7.13 ng/mL, which is well below the health advisory limit for naphthalene in drinking water as suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The method can be easily adopted for determination of naphthalene in aqueous media including tap water and river water. The recoveries obtained were 95.979–115.645%. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied to determine naphthalene in real life water samples from different sources.
Interlaboratory Study of Immunochromatography for the Rapid Determination of Cadmium Concentrations in Cereals and Soybeans
Authors: Abe Kaoru , Nakamura Katsuo , Naito Shigehiro 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals to humans. To prevent the distribution of Cd-contaminated food, a simple and quick on-site test for measuring Cd concentrations in agricultural products is needed. Recently, an immunochromatography kit developed for determining Cd in rice was reported to be useful for determining Cd in many other crops. We conducted an interlaboratory study to evaluate the kit for determining Cd in cereals (wheat and rice) and soybeans. Ten test materials were used, and 12 test samples including two sets of blind duplicates were distributed to 12 laboratories in Japan. The Cd recoveries (relative to certified values or values determined by inductively coupled plasma-MS) from all test materials were 84.6–125.1%. Repeatability RSD values of the test materials ranged from 8.8 to 14.8%. Reproducibility RSD values ranged from 13.4 to 27.6%, averaging 21.3%. The Horwitz ratio ranged from 0.61 to 1.36. The reproducibility was within the range of ELISA results for measuring toxins and allergens in food. Our results indicated that the kit was an inexpensive, reliable tool for quick and easy on-site determination of Cd in cereals and soybeans.