bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and marine benthos: a review of existing research and future directions in the North Atlantic
Authors: Birchenough Silvana N.R. , Reiss Henning , Degraer Steven , Mieszkowska Nova , Borja Ángel , Buhl‐Mortensen Lene , Braeckman Ulrike , Craeymeersch Johan , De Mesel Ilse , Kerckhof Francis , Kröncke Ingrid , Parra Santiago , Rabaut Marijn , Schröder Alexander , Van Colen Carl , Van Hoey Gert , Vincx Magda , Wätjen Kai 
Published: January 2015

There is growing evidence that climate change could affect marine benthic systems. This review provides information of climate change‐related impacts on the marine benthos in the North Atlantic. We cover a number of related research aspects, mainly in connection to two key issues. First, is the relationship between different physical aspects of climate change and the marine benthos. This section covers: (a) the responses to changes in seawater temperature (biogeographic shifts and phenology); (b) altered Hydrodynamics; (c) ocean acidification (OA); and (d) sea‐level rise‐coastal squeeze. The second major issue addressed is the possible integrated impact of climate change on the benthos. This work is based on relationships between proxies for climate variability, notably the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the long‐term marine benthos. The final section of our review provides a series of conclusions and future directions to support climate change research on marine benthic systems. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:203–223. doi: 10.1002/wcc.330This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Modeling Species and Community Interactions
Genetic control of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development
Authors: Blaess Sandra , Ang Siew‐Lan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMidbrain dopaminergic neurons are involved in regulating motor control, reward behavior, and cognition. Degeneration or dysfunction of midbrain dopaminergic neurons is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, substance use disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. Understanding the developmental processes that generate midbrain dopaminergic neurons will facilitate the generation of dopaminergic neurons from stem cells for cell replacement therapies to substitute degenerating cells in Parkinson's disease patients and will forward our understanding on how functional diversity of dopaminergic neurons in the adult brain is established. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons develop in a multistep process. Following the induction of the ventral midbrain, a distinct dopaminergic progenitor domain is specified and dopaminergic progenitors undergo proliferation, neurogenesis, and differentiation. Subsequently, midbrain dopaminergic neurons acquire a mature dopaminergic phenotype, migrate to their final position and establish projections and connections to their forebrain targets. This review will discuss insights gained on the signaling network of secreted molecules, cell surface receptors, and transcription factors that regulate specification and differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic progenitors and neurons, from the induction of the ventral midbrain to the migration of dopaminergic neurons. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:113–134. doi: 10.1002/wdev.169This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
An economic impact metric for evaluating wave height forecasters for offshore wind maintenance access
Authors: Catterson V. M. , McMillan D. , Dinwoodie I. , Revie M. , Dowell J. , Quigley J. , Wilson K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that wave height forecasters chosen on statistical quality metrics result in sub‐optimal decision support for offshore wind farm maintenance. Offshore access is constrained by wave height, but the majority of approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of a wave height forecaster utilize overall accuracy or error rates. This paper introduces a new metric more appropriate to the wind industry, which considers the economic impact of an incorrect forecast above or below critical wave height boundaries. The paper describes a process for constructing a value criterion where the implications between forecasting error and economic consequences are explicated in terms of opportunity costs and realized maintenance costs. A comparison between nine forecasting techniques for modeling and predicting wave heights based on historical data, including an ensemble aggregator, is described demonstrating that the performance ranking of forecasters is sensitive to the evaluation criteria. The results highlight the importance of appropriate metrics for wave height prediction specific to the wind industry and the limitations of current models that minimize a metric that does not support decision‐making. With improved ability to forecast weather windows, maintenance scheduling is subject to less uncertainty, hence reducing costs related to vessel dispatch, and lost energy because of downtime. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound imaging beyond the vasculature with new generation contrast agents
Authors: Perera Reshani H. , Hernandez Christopher , Zhou Haoyan , Kota Pavan , Burke Alan , Exner Agata A. 
Published: January 2015

Current commercially available ultrasound contrast agents are gas‐filled, lipid‐ or protein‐stabilized microbubbles larger than 1 µm in diameter. Because the signal generated by these agents is highly dependent on their size, small yet highly echogenic particles have been historically difficult to produce. This has limited the molecular imaging applications of ultrasound to the blood pool. In the area of cancer imaging, microbubble applications have been constrained to imaging molecular signatures of tumor vasculature and drug delivery enabled by ultrasound‐modulated bubble destruction. Recently, with the rise of sophisticated advancements in nanomedicine, ultrasound contrast agents, which are an order of magnitude smaller (100–500 nm) than their currently utilized counterparts, have been undergoing rapid development. These agents are poised to greatly expand the capabilities of ultrasound in the field of targeted cancer detection and therapy by taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention phenomenon of many tumors and can extravasate beyond the leaky tumor vasculature. Agent extravasation facilitates highly sensitive detection of cell surface or microenvironment biomarkers, which could advance early cancer detection. Likewise, when combined with appropriate therapeutic agents and ultrasound‐mediated deployment on demand, directly at the tumor site, these nanoparticles have been shown to contribute to improved therapeutic outcomes. Ultrasound's safety profile, broad accessibility and relatively low cost make it an ideal modality for the changing face of healthcare today. Aided by the multifaceted nano‐sized contrast agents and targeted theranostic moieties described herein, ultrasound can considerably broaden its reach in future applications focused on the diagnosis and staging of cancer. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:593–608. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1326This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanogels for delivery, imaging and therapy
Authors: Sivaram Amal J. , Rajitha P. , Maya S. , Jayakumar R. , Sabitha M. 
Published: January 2015

Nanogels are hydrogels having size in nanoregime, which is composed of cross‐linked polymer networks. The advantages of nanogels include stimuli‐responsive nature, easy drug loading, and higher drug‐loading capacity, physical stability, versatility in design, stability of entrapped drug, and controlled release of the anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, protein, peptide and anticancer drugs. Stimuli‐responsive nature of nanogel is of particular importance in anticancer and anti‐inflammatory drug delivery, as cancer and inflammation are associated with acidicpH, heat generation, and change in ionic content. Nanogels composed of muco‐adhesive polymers provide prolonged residence time and increase the ocular availability of loaded drugs. By forming suitably sized complex with proteins or by acting as artificial chaperones, they thus help to keep the proteins and enzymes in proper confirmation necessary for exerting biological activity; nanogels can increase the stability and activity of protein/peptide drugs. Better drug penetrations achieved by prolonged contact with skin contribute much in transdermal drug delivery. When it comes to cancer drug delivery, the presence of multiple interactive functional groups in nanogels different targeting agents can be conjugated for delivery of the selective drugs. This review focuses on applications of nanogels in cancer drug delivery and imaging, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐psoriatic, transdermal, ocular and protein/peptide drug delivery and therapy.WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2015, 7:509–533. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1328This article is categorized under:Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and ImagingTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious DiseaseNanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Synthesis and Characterization of Cp*Be‐F‐Al(ORF)3
Authors: Himmel Daniel , Scherer Harald , Kratzert Daniel , Krossing Ingo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe reaction of Ag[Al(ORF)4] [RF = C(CF3)3] with Cp*Be‐Br was investigated. With the less basic CH2Cl2 as solvent, redox chemistry prevailed, elemental silver and the pentamethylcyclopentenyl cation (Cp*H2+) formed. However, upon changing to the more π‐basic solvents fluorobenzene and o‐difluorobenzene, the silver metathesis reaction went smooth and produced intermediately the [Cp*Be]+ cation and AgBr. However, the very strong Lewis acid [Cp*Be]+ activated one of the 36 equivalent C–F bonds of the [Al(ORF)4]– anion and finally formed two stable crystalline compounds containing the Cp*Be‐F‐Al(ORF)3 molecule, which includes a [F‐Al(ORF)3]– anion coordinated to the [Cp*Be]+ cation. Cp*Be‐F‐Al(ORF)3 nevertheless includes some potential to provide [Cp*Be]+ in polar solution. Its potential neutral or ionic fission was investigated by DFT calculations.
Chemotherapy with cytochalasin congeners in vitro and in vivo against murine models
Authors: Trendowski Matthew , Mitchell Joan M. , Corsette Christine M. , Acquafondata Christopher , Fondy Thomas P. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackground Despite inherent differences between the cytoskeletal networks of malignant and normal cells, and the clinical antineoplastic activity of microtubule-directed agents, there has yet to be a microfilament-directed agent approved for clinical use. One of the most studied microfilament-directed agents has been cytochalasin B, a mycogenic toxin known to disrupt the formation of actin polymers. Therefore, this study sought to expand on our previous work with the microfilament-directed agent, along with other less studied cytochalasin congeners. Materials and Methods We determined whether cytochalasin B exerted significant cytotoxic effects in vitro on adherent M109 lung carcinoma and B16BL6 and B16F10 murine melanomas, or on suspension P388/ADR murine leukemia cells. We also examined whether cytochalasin B, its reduced congener 21, 22-dihydrocytochalasin B (DiHCB), or cytochalasin D could synergize with doxorubicin (ADR) against ADR-resistant P388/ADR leukemia cells, and produce significant cytotoxicity in vitro. For in vivo characterization, cytochalasins B and D were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to Balb/c mice challenged with drug sensitive P388-S or multidrug resistant P388/ADR leukemias. Results Cytochalasin B demonstrated higher cytotoxicity against adherent lung carcinoma and melanoma cells than against suspension P388/ADR leukemia cells, as assessed by comparative effects on cell growth, and IC50 and IC80 values. Isobolographic analysis indicated that both cytochalasin B and DiHCB demonstrate considerable drug synergy with ADR against ADR-resistant P388/ADR leukemia, while cytochalasin D exhibits only additivity with ADR against the same cell line. In vivo, cytochalasins B and D substantially increased the life expectancy of mice challenged with P388/S and P388/ADR leukemias, and in some cases, produced long-term survival. Conclusion Taken together, it appears that cytochalasins have unique antineoplastic activity that could potentiate a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents.
Local Magnetic Properties in Non-oriented Electrical Steel and Their Dependence on Magnetic Easy Axis and Misorientation Parameters
Authors: Gallaugher Matthew , Samimi Arash , Krause Thomas W. , Clapham Lynann C. , Chromik Richard R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
An understanding of how material parameters, especially orientation and misorientation, influence the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) is important for improving the efficiency of the material in service. In this study, the local magnetic properties were measured using magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) on different test locations on different strips of NOES material. Local variations in magnetic properties, texture, and misorientation were revealed. A new interpretation for misorientation, called the easy axis misorientation (EAM), was created to describe the alignment of the magnetic easy axes between neighboring grains. This new EAM, visualized as a single value parameter or graphed as a distribution, was shown to be more effective at predicting the isotropic magnetic properties than previously used texture parameters based on standard orientation/misorientation definitions. It was found that a larger EAM value, especially when associated with a lower small angle EAM intensity distribution, was associated with a larger MBN energy. A larger MBN energy has been previously associated with lower losses, and therefore a greater material efficiency.
Experiences and beliefs of Malawian women who have delivered with a traditional birth attendant
Authors: Ryan Julia , Hamela Gloria , Chome Nelecy , Kabondo Charity , Hosseinipour Mina , Tang Jennifer 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the beliefs and experiences of Malawian women who have delivered with a traditional birth attendant (TBA).MethodsIn a qualitative study, 20 face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews and three focus group discussions were conducted between February and May 2013. Women aged 18 years or older and who had a history of delivery with a TBA were recruited from three health centers in Lilongwe District. Their responses were independently coded, and content analysis was used to develop themes and subthemes.ResultsA total of 46 women participated. Most participants cited difficulties relating to transport and/or unsupportive or unavailable husbands as factors that prohibited their delivery at a health facility. Most had not had a specific delivery plan. The participant responses indicated a discordance between knowledge and practices for safe delivery.ConclusionStrategies to decrease deliveries with TBAs should focus on helping women to develop delivery plans to cope with the potential social or situational obstacles of getting to a facility. Women desire health facilities that provide quality care, emotional support, and personalized care during labor and delivery.
Mimetic Governmentality and the Administration of Colonial Justice in East Timor, ca. 1860–1910
Authors: Roque Ricardo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article explores the mimesis of indigenous “customs and law” as a theory of and strategy for colonial government in the period of late imperialism. I draw on the case of colonial administration in the Portuguese colony of Timor during the second-half of the nineteenth century. I introduce the concept of “mimetic governmentality”: the art of governing the Other through the productive inclusion of institutions, symbols, cultural materials, or social forms understood as other than one's own. In Timor, the imperial establishment was characterized by fragility and isolation, and a pragmatic style of colonial action thrived. In Europe, modern doctrines of colonial law rejected assimilationist policies and advocated “specialization.” In this context, between 1860 and 1910, administrators on Timor devised a system of colonial justice that required the colonizers to slip into the indigenous world and govern others from the others' position and perspectives. To efficiently govern the “natives” and apply colonial justice in courts—the so-calledjustiças—Europeans had to release themselves from European principles and embrace indigenous law, as they understood it. The essay uses the case of Timor to assert the analytic importance and potential of mimesis for the comparative study of colonial administrations during the period of imperial expansion.
Phatic Rituals of the Liberal Democratic Polity: Hearing Voices in the Hearings of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
Authors: Slotta James 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe truth and reconciliation commissions of Latin America and Africa are paradigms of transitional justice, often regarded as part of the process of transitioning from authoritarian to democratic rule. But truth commissions are also common in first-world settler states, which raises the question of what “transition” such commissions effectuate in Canada, Australia, and the United States. This paper examines the efforts of Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples to resolve a controversy over a government relocation of Inuit families in the 1950s for which the relocatees were demanding compensation. Concurrent with historical controversies in the Canadian courts concerning Aboriginal rights and title, the historical controversy over the relocation raised questions about the Canadian state's ability to “hear the voices” of First Nations people, who objected that their accounts of the past had been disregarded by government-contracted historians and courts alike. I argue that the Royal Commission's efforts to hear the voices of Inuit relocatees, showcased in nationally televised hearings, was a phatic ritual in which communicative contact between marginalized citizens and the state was ritually established. The ritual was presented as a remedy for failures to achieve phatic communion among citizens and state—a condition of communicative contact held up as essential to the realization of liberal democratic ideals. The work of the Royal Commission and other truth commissions highlights the growing prominence of communication, particularly liberal communicative events construed as “open,” “equal,” and “free,” as a concern of both theory and practice in liberal democratic polities.
Evolution of a barley composite cross-derived population: an insight gained by molecular markers
Authors: RAGGI L. , CECCARELLI S. , NEGRI V. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYMany studies have highlighted the continuously increasing need for genetic diversity in the field; nonetheless, plant breeding is still predominantly generating uniform cultivars. Evolutionary plant breeding offers the possibility of reconciling agro-biodiversity, high yields and adaptation to climate change. However, the diversity that can be conserved in heterogeneous populations, its evolution and the potential of ‘evolutionary breeding’ in the actual scenario of climate change is still a matter of debate. In the present study, a total of 147 barley individuals, 56 from seven parental populations (PPs) and 91 from the composite cross-derived population (CCP) resulting from their inter-crossing were genotyped at 22 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci with the objective of obtaining insights into how genetic diversity evolved in the field during 13 years of multiplication. A total of 92 different alleles were detected in the PP and 100 in the CCP. Results showed that the composite individuals are grouped into five major clusters differing for both the number of individuals and the relative level of genetic diversity. The mean values of the most common descriptors of genetic diversity were not significantly different between the parental and the composite populations. However, analysis of molecular variance showed some degree of differentiation between the two populations suggesting that evolution occurred during the years of multiplication and selection effects were detected for some loci. The SSR loci detected as putatively under selection in the present study have already been reported as co-localized with quantitative trait loci for adaptedness traits or tagging genes related to abiotic stress response. According to the current results, evolving crop populations, which have the capability of adapting to the conditions under which they are grown, can be useful in conserving genetic diversity and as sources of genes for breeding purposes in particular in the actual scenario of climate change.
Mini-invasive surgery of infratemporal fossa schwannomas
Authors: Haidar H , Deveze A , Lavieille J P 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground:Infratemporal fossa schwannomas are benign, encapsulated tumours of the trigeminal nerve limited to the infratemporal fossa. Because of the complications and significant morbidity associated with traditional surgical approaches to the infratemporal fossa, which include facial nerve dysfunction, hearing loss, dental malocclusion and cosmetic problems, less invasive alternatives have been sought.Methods:This paper reports two cases of infratemporal fossa schwannomas treated in 2012 using mini-invasive approaches. The literature regarding different infratemporal fossa approaches was reviewed.Results:The first schwannoma was 30 mm in size and was removed completely by a preauricular subtemporal approach. The second one was 25 mm in size and was removed completely using a purely transnasal endoscopic approach. In both cases, there were no intra-operative or post-operative complications.Conclusion:These two approaches allow non-invasive and wide exposure of the infratemporal fossa as compared to classical approaches. Surgical approach should be selected according to the tumour's anatomical location with respect to the maxillary sinus posterior wall. The preauricular subtemporal approach is recommended for tumours localised posterolaterally with respect to the maxillary sinus posterior wall. Medial and anterior tumours near the maxillary sinus posterior wall can be best removed using a transnasal endoscopic approach.
Contribution of the basal ganglia to spoken language: Is speech production like the other motor skills?
Authors: Zenon Alexandre , Olivier Etienne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTwo of the roles assigned to the basal ganglia in spoken language parallel very well their contribution to motor behaviour: (1) their role in sequence processing, resulting in syntax deficits, and (2) their role in movement “vigor,” leading to “hypokinetic dysarthria” or “hypophonia.” This is an additional example of how the motor system has served the emergence of high-level cognitive functions, such as language.
CPW-fed printed UWB antenna with open-loop inverted triangular-shaped slot for WLAN band filtering
Authors: Shokri Majid , Rafii Vahid , Karamzadeh Saeid , Amiri Zhaleh , Virdee Bal 
Published: January 2015

A compact CPW-fed printed monopole slot antenna is presented for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna comprises of a dome-shaped radiating element in which embedded is an open-loop inverted triangular-shaped slot (TSS). The antenna is fed through a coplanar waveguide to provide an ultra-wide impedance bandwidth of 8.95 GHz (2.58–11.53 GHz) which corresponds to a bandwidth ratio of 1:4.46 for VSWR <2. The antenna possesses a notch band functionality to filter out interfering C-band signals like wireless local-area network (WLAN). The notch band frequency is determined by physical parameters defining the TSS that allows fine control of the notch's location. The proposed antenna also possesses a flat gain response expect at the notched band and occupies a relatively small volume of 25 × 25 × 0.8 mm3 for ease of system integration.