bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic and mucosal immunity in mice elicited by a single immunization with human adenovirus type 5 or 41 vector‐based vaccines carrying the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Authors: Guo Xiaojuan , Deng Yao , Chen Hong , Lan Jiaming , Wang Wen , Zou Xiaohui , Hung Tao , Lu Zhuozhuang , Tan Wenjie 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAn ideal vaccine against mucosal pathogens such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) should confer sustained, protective immunity at both systemic and mucosal levels. Here, we evaluated the in vivo systemic and mucosal antigen‐specific immune responses induced by a single intramuscular or intragastric administration of recombinant adenoviral type 5 (Ad5) or type 41 (Ad41) ‐based vaccines expressing the MERS‐CoV spike (S) protein. Intragastric administration of either Ad5‐S or Ad41‐S induced antigen‐specific IgG and neutralizing antibody in serum; however, antigen‐specific T‐cell responses were not detected. In contrast, after a single intramuscular dose of Ad5‐S or Ad41‐S, functional antigen‐specific T‐cell responses were elicited in the spleen and pulmonary lymphocytes of the mice, which persisted for several months. Both rAd‐based vaccines administered intramuscularly induced systemic humoral immune responses (neutralizing IgG antibodies). Our results show that a single dose of Ad5‐S‐ or Ad41‐S‐based vaccines represents an appealing strategy for the control of MERS‐CoV infection and transmission.
Effects of increasing nurse staffing on missed nursing care
Authors: Cho S.‐H. , Kim Y.‐S. , Yeon K.N. , You S.‐J. , Lee I.D. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundInadequate nurse staffing has been reported to lead nurses to omit required nursing care. In South Korea, to reduce informal caregiving by patient families and sitters and to improve the quality of nursing care, a public hospital operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government has implemented a policy of increasing nurse staffing from 17 patients per registered nurse to 7 patients per registered nurse in 4 out of 13 general nursing units since January 2013.AimThe study aims to compare missed nursing care (omission of required care) in high‐staffing (7 patients per nurse) units vs. low‐staffing (17 patients per nurse) units to examine the effects of nurse staffing on missed care.MethodsA nurse survey conducted in July 2013 targeted all staff nurses in all four high‐staffing and all nine low‐staffing units; 115 nurses in the high‐staffing units (response rate = 94.3%) and 117 nurses in the low‐staffing units (response rate = 88.6%) participated. Missed nursing care was measured using the MISSCARE survey that included 24 nursing care elements. Nurses were asked how frequently they had missed each element on a 4‐point scale from ‘rarely’ to ‘always’.ResultsOverall, nurses working in high‐staffing units had a significantly lower mean score of missed care than those in low‐staffing units. Seven out of 24 nursing care elements were missed significantly less often in high‐staffing (vs. low‐staffing) units: turning, mouth care, bathing/skin care, patient assessments in each shift, assistance with toileting, feeding and setting up meals.ConclusionThe findings suggest that increasing nurse staffing is associated with a decrease in missed care. Less omission of required nursing care is expected to improve nursing surveillance and patient outcomes, such as patient falls, pressure ulcers and pneumonia.Implications for nursing and health policyAdequate nurse staffing should be ensured to reduce unmet nursing needs and improve patient outcomes.
Music behind scores: case study of learning improvisation with Playback Orchestra method
Authors: Juntunen P. , Ruokonen I. , Ruismäki H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFor music students in the early stages of learning, the music may seem to be hidden behind the scores. To support home practising, Juntunen has created the Playback Orchestra method with which the students can practise with the support of the notation program playback of the full orchestra. The results of testing the method with first‐grade string instrument students showed that the group who used the playback method learned faster than the group who did not. The clear and expressive body movements that are developed effectively by the playback method also provide support for leading a group by playing. The aim of this recent pilot study was to discover if improvisation benefits from an audio learning component. The research is a qualitative case study combined with quasi‐experimental tests and quantitative analyses. The improvisation task was to describe a storm in a long musical tale, Mickey Mouse in a Storm, which had several episodes in different atmospheres. The results showed that the playback group was clearly better in terms of ‘joy of playing’, ‘concentrating’, ‘finding one's own improvising ideas’ and ‘understanding the overall picture’. The most crucial finding was that ‘intensive continuity’ improved faster in the playback group.
Big Data and Industrial Ecology
Authors: Xu Ming , Cai Hua , Liang Sai 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMany have witnessed the increasing popularity of “big data” in the past couple of years. Indeed, big data has been transforming how business is done in many industries. For example, online advertisements are increasingly customized for individual consumers based on their purchase history. Big data has also instigated many new areas of investigation, mostly in fields such as computer sciences and statistics. There are many areas in industrial ecology (IE) that can potentially benefit from big data. In this article, we try to explore what big data could bring to IE.
Measuring maternal health literacy in adolescents attending antenatal care in a developing country – the impact of selected demographic characteristics
Authors: Naigaga Mpolampola DAS , Guttersrud Øystein , Pettersen Kjell S 
Published: March 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this paper is to describe how selected demographic characteristics ‘explain’ the observed variance in the distribution of maternal health literacy estimates in adolescents attending antenatal care in Uganda, as estimated by the ‘Maternal health literacy scale’.BackgroundBy the age of 20 years, more than 60% of Ugandan females are mothers. In the Busoga region of Uganda, the percentage of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers is at its highest (above 30%).DesignValidated questionnaire survey.MethodsThe Maternal health literacy scale was administered to 384 adolescents aged 15–19 years attending antenatal care in Jinja and Iganga districts of the Busoga region during the period of July 2013–December 2013. The Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS21 was used to determine if the two levels of dichotomised person factors, i.e. demographic characteristics, relate to ‘significantly’ different mean maternal health literacy estimates, not strictly following the normal distribution, as measured by the Maternal health literacy scale.ResultsThe person factors, age, education level, pregnancy order and prepregnancy awareness about conception, explained approximately 12% of the observed variance in maternal health literacy estimates.ConclusionsPrepregnancy awareness about conception was the single most contributory factor to the observed variance in estimated maternal health literacy levels. More research on women of childbearing age is warranted to explore the impact of further person factors on the maternal health literacy in pregnant adolescents.Relevance to clinical practiceUsing the person factors found to show ‘significant’ impact on maternal health literacy in pregnant adolescents, target‐specific interventions aimed at improving maternal health literacy in pregnant adolescents can be formulated. By accounting for these factors in reproductive health policy designs, one might take preventive actions to curb the prevalence of adolescent pregnancies in both developing and developed countries.
Cycas chenii (Cycadaceae), a new species from China, and its phylogenetic position
Authors: Wei Zhou , Meng‐Meng Guan , Xun Gong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCycas chenii X. Gong & W. Zhou sp. nov., a new species of Cycas L., is described and illustrated here. The morphological and karyomorphological comparisons are made between C. chenii and the closely related taxa for defining its taxonomical status as a new species. Moreover, the phylogenetic position of C. chenii within 16 Cycas species is determined using DNA sequences of two plastid regions, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers, and two nuclear regions. Cycas chenii is readily distinguished from the related C. guizhouensis K. M. Lan & R. F. Zou by an acaulescent stem. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that C. chenii is a distinct group related to C. guizhouensis in the Section Stangerioides. The distribution and conservation status of C. chenii are also discussed.
Sun skink landscape genomics: assessing the roles of micro‐evolutionary processes in shaping genetic and phenotypic diversity across a heterogeneous and fragmented landscape
Authors: Barley Anthony J. , Monnahan Patrick J. , Thomson Robert C. , Grismer L. Lee , Brown Rafe M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIncorporating genomic data sets into landscape genetic analyses allows for powerful insights into population genetics, explicitly geographical correlates of selection, and morphological diversification of organisms across the geographical template. Here, we utilize an integrative approach to examine gene flow and detect selection, and we relate these processes to genetic and phenotypic population differentiation across South‐East Asia in the common sun skink, Eutropis multifasciata. We quantify the relative effects of geographic and ecological isolation in this system and find elevated genetic differentiation between populations from island archipelagos compared to those on the adjacent South‐East Asian continent, which is consistent with expectations concerning landscape fragmentation in island archipelagos. We also identify a pattern of isolation by distance, but find no substantial effect of ecological/environmental variables on genetic differentiation. To assess whether morphological conservatism in skinks may result from stabilizing selection on morphological traits, we perform FST–PST comparisons, but observe that results are highly dependent on the method of comparison. Taken together, this work provides novel insights into the manner by which micro‐evolutionary processes may impact macro‐evolutionary scale biodiversity patterns across diverse landscapes, and provide genomewide confirmation of classic predictions from biogeographical and landscape ecological theory.
Rhipicephalus rossicus, a neglected tick at the margin of Europe: a review of its distribution, ecology and medical importance
Authors: MIHALCA A. D. , KALMÁR Z. , DUMITRACHE M. O. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRhipicephalus rossicus(Ixodida:Ixodidae) is a three‐host tick with a broad host spectrum that includes wild animals, pets, livestock and humans. Despite its local abundance in certain areas, most of the available information onR. rossicuswas published decades ago, mainly by former soviet authors. Its distribution largely overlaps theEurasian steppe. However, its range may be more extensive than is currently known because this species may have been misidentified asRhipicephalus sanguineus, principally in areas where the latter species is present. AlthoughR. rossicushas been occasionally reported to feed on people, little attention has been given to its medical importance. It has been shown to have a vectorial role in the transmission ofFrancisella tularensis,Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus andWestNile virus. However, the vectorial importance ofR. rossicusmay be significantly greater, mainly as the closely related speciesR. sanguineuss.l. is known to transmit a very wide spectrum of pathogens. The probably underestimated vectorial role ofR. rossicusmay represent a hidden public health threat.
Repeatability and comparison of clinical techniques for anterior chamber angle assessment
Authors: Campbell Peter , Redmond Tony , Agarwal Rishi , Marshall Lewis R. , Evans Bruce J. W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeTo assess the repeatability of gonioscopy, van Herick method and anterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS‐OCT) and determine the agreement between these techniques within a community optometry setting.MethodsGonioscopy, van Herick method and AS‐OCT imaging were performed by an optometrist on two occasions, 1 month apart, on 80 subjects aged over 40 years recruited from community optometry practices. Anterior segment images were captured with a spectral domain OCT (Topcon 3D OCT‐2000; wavelength 840 nm) set to the Anterior Segment (AS) mode. Eyes were graded as open or occludable for each method. AS‐OCT images from both visits were graded by a second optometrist masked to the gonioscopy and van Herick method results, and the visit on which the images were acquired. Cohen's kappa (κ) was used to describe the intra‐observer repeatability. Likelihood ratios, sensitivity and specificity of van Herick method and AS‐OCT were calculated, using gonioscopy as the reference standard.ResultsMeasurements were obtained from 80 eyes of 80 subjects. In four cases, AS‐OCT images were un‐gradable due to difficulty in locating the scleral spur. The repeatability of gonioscopy was fair κ = 0.29, while that of the van Herick method (κ = 0.54) and AS‐OCT (κ = 0.47) were somewhat better. The van Herick method showed good sensitivity (visit 1: 75%, visit 2: 69%) and high specificity (visit 1: 88%, visit 2: 96%). The sensitivity of AS‐OCT was fair (visit 1: 46%, visit 2: 25%), but specificity was high (visit 1: 87%. visit 2: 89%).ConclusionIntra‐observer repeatability was better for van Herick method and for AS‐OCT than for gonioscopy, despite the latter being considered the gold standard method. The van Herick method appeared to be more sensitive than AS‐OCT when identifying eyes at risk of angle closure. A standalone anterior segment OCT with a longer wavelength laser could afford better visualisation of the angle, and might therefore be expected to enable the examiner to make more precise classifications. These instruments are not widely used by optometrists in clinical practice in the UK at present.
On the Dual Phosphorescence of Xanthone and Chromone in Glassy Hydrocarbon Hosts
Authors: McMorrow Dale , Wyche Michon Irons , Chou Pi Tai , Kasha Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTrace quantities of hydrogen‐bonding impurities in otherwise highly purified and dried glassy hydrocarbon matrices at 77 K can modify the relative triplet state energy levels, and hence the photophysical properties of two aromatic ketones, xanthone and chromone, to the extent that the intrinsic spectroscopic properties are obscured. The intrinsic spectroscopic properties of each are revealed in multicrystalline n‐alkane Shpol'skii matrices, and also can be observed in rigorously purified and dried hydrocarbon glasses at 77 K. The extreme sensitivity to stoichiometric, and even substoichiometric quantities of hydrogen‐bonding impurities arises from the near‐degeneracy of the two lowest‐lying triplet states, and the sensitive nature of the n→π* blueshift phenomena to specific hydrogen‐bonding interactions.
Governing health and safety at lower tiers of the computer industry global value chain
Authors: Nadvi Khalid , Raj‐Reichert Gale 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGlobal brands remain under increasing pressure to ensure labor standards and codes of conduct are met by their suppliers. Little is known about how this is addressed by lower tier suppliers. We investigate whether, and how, occupational health and safety standards permeate down the computer industry value chain. We compare first and second tier suppliers' engagement with a private voluntary industry code, the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct, and the publicly regulated European Union Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances. We find the industry code absent at the lower tier, yet second tier suppliers do implement the European Union Directive. This is achieved without support from public agencies or global value chain linkages. Our findings question the emphasis placed on chain governance in studies of labor compliance in global value chains, and suggest that alternative and complementary approaches may be required for effective labor compliance throughout the value chain.
A Review of Health‐related Support Provision within the UK Work Programme – What's on the Menu?
Authors: Ceolta‐Smith Jenny , Salway Sarah , Tod Angela Mary 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn common with other European welfare states, a large proportion of those who are out of work and claiming welfare benefits in the UK have long‐term health conditions. The need to reduce the number of people who are claiming sickness related unemployment benefits by supporting them into paid work has been highlighted as a priority across the political spectrum since the late 1990s. However, recent years have seen a significant shift in UK welfare‐to‐work policy, with the introduction of the Work Programme in 2011. This unified programme diverges from earlier approaches in several important respects. The shift includes a move towards so‐called ‘black box’ commissioning, through which contracted organizations are given far greater freedom to design and deliver their interventions. Therefore, important questions arise regarding whether and how support for claimants with health conditions will be provided across Work Programme areas and the implications for claimant outcomes. This article begins to address these questions by reviewing Work Programme Prime Contractors' (Primes) proposed approaches as set out in their bids. Using a structured, interpretive analytical framework, bid documents prepared by the 18 Primes were reviewed and synthesized. The findings showed that individuals facing similar health‐related obstacles to employment can expect to receive very different levels and types of support depending on which Primes' programme they are assigned to join. This review suggests that policy needs to ensure that claimants' health‐related barriers to employment are addressed. Research to explore how claimants' health‐related needs are being met in practice is also recommended.
Supporting the UK's Workless – An International Comparative Perspective
Authors: Danson Mike , McKay Ailsa , Sullivan Willie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWithin and between nations, spatial inequalities in relation to health, labour markets and employment shape the barriers faced by those trapped on disability benefits, and thus create challenges for public policy. To provide context for such analyses and policy discussions, this article presents evidence on levels of poverty, welfare support and inequality across Europe. It compares and contrasts especially the position and support for those out of or at the margins of the labour market under different welfare states to reveal the significant differences between the UK on the one hand and the Nordic and Benelux countries on the other hand. Applying insights from theories and practices of endogenous growth, universalism and inclusion, it is demonstrated that lessons are to be learnt from the better economic and social performances of the more inclusive and coherent nations of northern Europe. In particular, it is argued that the very high levels of poverty and inequality inherent in the neo‐liberal policies of the UK cannot generate the conditions for simultaneously reducing public sector deficits and stimulating demand so that worklessness and exclusion inevitably will continue. The article concludes that an alternative social democratic paradigm is required based on solidarity, equity and fiscal responsibility to address this self‐defeating feedback.
Keeping the gate closed: functions of the polycomb repressive complex PRC2 in development
Authors: Mozgova Iva , Köhler Claudia , Hennig Lars 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPlant ontogeny relies on the correct timing and sequence of transitions between individual developmental phases. These are specified by gene expression patterns that are established by the balanced action of activators and repressors. Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) represent an evolutionarily conserved system of epigenetic gene repression that governs the establishment and maintenance of cell, tissue and organ identity, contributing to the correct execution of the developmental programs. PRC2 is a four‐subunit histone methyltransferase complex that catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), which contributes to the change of chromatin structure and long‐lasting gene repression. Here, we review the composition and molecular function of the different known PRC2 complexes in plants, and focus on the role of PRC2 in mediating the establishment of different developmental phases and transitions between them.
In vitro evaluation of cytomegalovirus‐specific hyperimmune globulins vs. standard intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Miescher S. M. , Huber T. M. , Kühne M. , Lieby P. , Snydman D. R. , Vensak J. L. , Berger M. 
Published: March 2015

Background and ObjectivesTo evaluate standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as an alternative to intravenous cytomegalovirus hyperimmune immunoglobulin (CMVIG) for prophylaxis and therapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, we measured the ELISA and neutralizing titres of CMV‐specific antibodies in CMVIG and IVIG preparations.Materials and MethodsAnti‐CMV‐IgG ELISA and neutralizing titres (fibroblast‐based test) in CMVIG CG (Cytogam®, n = 20), CMVIG CT (Cytotect® CP, n = 3), IVIG P (Privigen®, n = 32) and IVIG K/G (Kiovig®/Gammagard®, n = 5) were compared, and IgG subclasses 1–4 were determined by nephelometry.ResultsCytomegalovirus hyperimmune immunoglobulins contained more than fourfold higher CMV ELISA and CMV‐neutralizing activity per gram of IgG than the standard IVIGs. Pooled data for all four products showed a significant correlation between anti‐CMV‐IgG ELISA and neutralizing titres (r = 0·93, P < 0·001). There was a good correlation between the IgG3 content and CMV‐neutralizing antibodies amongst lots of CMVIGs (r = 0·91, P = 0·01), but this did not extend to the IVIGs. CMVIG CG contained the highest CMV‐neutralizing activity (3497 ± 395 PEIU/g IgG) of any product tested.ConclusionThe higher anti‐CMV neutralization capacity of CMVIG per gram of IgG vs. standard IVIG suggests that standard IVIGs are not equivalent to or interchangeable with CMVIG.
Automated point‐of‐care testing for ABO agglutination test: proof of concept and validation
Authors: El Kenz H. , Corazza F. 
Published: March 2015

Background and objectivesABO‐incompatible red blood cell transfusions still represent an important hazard in transfusion medicine. Therefore, some countries have introduced a systematic bedside ABO agglutination test checking that the right blood is given to the right patient. However, this strategy requires an extremely time‐consuming learning programme and relies on a subjective interpretation of ABO test cards agglutination. We developed a prototype of a fully automated device performing the bedside agglutination test that could be completed by reading of a barcoded wristband. This POCT checks the ABO compatibility between the patient and the blood bag.Materials and methodsProof of concept and analytical validation of the prototype has been completed on 451 blood samples: 238 donor packed red blood cells, 137 consecutive unselected patients for whom a blood group determination had been ordered and on 76 patient samples selected with pathology that could possibly interfere with or impair performances of the assay.ResultsWe observed 100% concordance for ABO blood groups between the POCT and the laboratory instrument.ConclusionThese preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of ABO determination with a simple POCT device eliminating manipulation and subjective interpretation responsible for transfusion errors. This device should be linked to the blood bank system allowing all cross‐check of the results.