bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary‐Colored Electrochromism of 1,4‐Phenylenediamines
Authors: Lauw Sherman J. L. , Xu Xiuhui , Webster Richard D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTen 1,4‐phenylenediamines were studied using electrochemical techniques (voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis) and UV/Vis spectroscopy under ambient conditions. All compounds demonstrated vibrant color changes upon one‐electron electrochemical oxidation in acetonitrile, with most displaying a primary color (red, green, blue, or yellow) in their oxidized state. The four electrochromes that exhibited the most intense color changes were examined by using a gold micromesh electrode laminated inside a polymer film to determine their electrochromic properties in solution (contrast ratios, chromatic efficiency, and cycle life). Their colored radical cations were also characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as monitored for color retention over a period of 24 hours. Notably, only relatively small potentials were required to initiate the chromatic changes and the oxidized forms of the compounds were long‐lived and unaffected by atmospheric oxygen or moisture.
Evidence of non‐linearity in the association of glycemic control with influenza/pneumonia mortality: a study of 19 000 adults from the US general population
Authors: Breitling Lutz P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a major public health problem and thought to be a risk factor for infectious diseases, but pertinent epidemiological evidence is limited. This study aimed to analyse the associations of diabetes, disease duration and glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c) with infectious diseases mortality in the general population, including the investigation of potential non‐linear relationships.MethodsAn observational, prospective study of 19 783 subjects included in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, representing the adult non‐institutionalized population of the United States of America, was conducted. The analysis was done by multiple Cox regression and restricted cubic spline modelling.ResultsSelf‐reported diabetes and diabetes duration were not significantly associated with the outcomes. However, there was evidence for a non‐linear association of HbA1c with mortality from influenza, pneumonia or other acute lower respiratory infections. Spline regression suggested a roughly doubled risk of mortality beyond an HbA1c of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) in reference to 5.2% (33 mmol/mol).ConclusionsFuture studies on diabetes and infections should adequately address potential non‐linearity, which may be necessary to better understand and characterize more precisely the relationship of diabetes with infectious diseases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variation in nutrient dynamics among five different peatland types in the Alberta oil sands region
Authors: Wood Meagan E. , Macrae Merrin L. , Strack Maria , Price Jonathan S. , Osko Terrance J. , Petrone Richard M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWetlands are found extensively throughout the Western Boreal Plain, a region under pressure because of disturbance by the oil and gas industries. To understand how wetland systems may respond to disturbance and set targets for reclamation efforts, it is necessary to understand natural variability in nutrient dynamics in the landscape. The purpose of this study was to characterize spatial variability in peatland nutrient (nitrogen, N, and phosphorus, P) dynamics in the Athabasca Oil Sands (AOS) region. N and P availability and net mineralization rates in the upper 10 cm layer of peat were examined during the peak growing season in five peatlands that fell along an apparent moisture gradient. N and P dynamics within and among the sites were related to water table position, peat moisture content and temperature. Phosphorus supply rates and total inorganic N pools and supply rates were generally elevated under wetter conditions, whereas nitrate (NO3−) pools and supply rates and P pools did not vary along a moisture gradient. In general, net immobilization was observed at the wetter sites where nutrient pools were elevated and net mineralization was observed at drier sites where nutrient pools were lower. Nutrient transformation rates were most strongly driven by warmer temperatures. Nutrient availability and immobilization rates were anomalously high at one peatland (a disturbed fen with a semi‐permanent road and decommissioned well pads). We suggest that reclamation and management practices should focus on regulating peatland hydrologic conditions, optimizing these for the most desirable nutrient levels for vegetation growth. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐thrombotic fatal pulmonary embolism with a ‘rule‐out’ CT scan
Authors: Beug Daniel , Friesecke Sigrun , Felix Stephan B. , Empen Klaus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report on a 36‐year‐old woman suffering from metastasized breast cancer and severe dyspnoea owing to right heart failure. Symptoms and findings were highly suggestive of pulmonary embolism. In rare cases, pulmonary embolism is caused not by migration of venous thrombi but by emboli of other origin. Patients with cancer can suffer from non‐thrombotic pulmonary embolism, either by (macroscopic) embolization of tumour mass or by microembolism also known as microscopic tumour microangiopathy. In patients with cancer with clinical presentation highly suggestive of pulmonary embolism, with echocardiographic findings confirming right ventricular dysfunction, and with negative CT angiography, pulmonary tumour microembolism should be considered as possible diagnosis.
Ruthenium Imidazophenanthrolinium Complexes with Prolonged Excited‐State Lifetimes
Authors: Staehle Robert , Reichardt Christian , Popp Jürgen , Sorsche Dieter , Petermann Lydia , Kastner Katharina , Streb Carsten , Dietzek Benjamin , Rau Sven 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA series of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes [Ru(tbbpy)3][PF6]2 (0, tbbpy = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine), [Ru(tbbpy)2(bbip)][PF6]3 {1, (bbip)Br = 1,3‐(bisbenzyl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthrolinium bromide}, [Ru(tbbpy)(bbip)2][PF6]4 (2), and [Ru(bbip)3][PF6]5 (3) were synthesized. The new complexes 2 and 3 were fully characterized, and their X‐ray crystal structures, absorption and emission spectra, quantum yields of emission, and cyclic voltammograms were determined. Within this series, a trend towards increased lifetime and quantum yields of emission can be observed, especially in the presence of oxygen. The location of the first excited state on the imidazophenanthrolinium ligands has been elucidated by resonance Raman spectroscopy of 1 and 3, which revealed that the energy of the π* orbitals of the bbip ligands is lower than that of the π* orbitals of the tbbpy ligand.
Understanding and Tuning Bioinorganic Interfaces for the Design of Bionanocomposites
Authors: Voisin Hugo , Aimé Carole , Coradin Thibaud 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInteractions between biological molecules and inorganic species are of tremendous importance in nature. Attempts to create bionanocomposites associating nanoscale inorganic objects with biomolecules face major challenges with regard to controlling their mutual reactivity and preserving their intrinsic properties. This review describes the interactions arising between polyoxometallates or silica particles and biomolecules – including proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids – that depend on physicochemical conditions. It shows that chemical modification of the inorganic and/or bio‐organic partner allows fine‐tuning of their interface. The specific properties of these bionanocomposites are illustrated, with emphasis on their potential in biotechnology and biomedicine. This field contributes to a better understanding of the “biochemistry of solids” and offers an almost unlimited playground for the elaboration of new materials that combine molecular biodiversity with chemistry in its many facets.
Si(OCH2Fc)4: Synthesis, Electrochemical Behavior, and Twin Polymerization
Authors: Schliebe Christian , Pfaff Ulrike , Gemming Thomas , Lochenie Charles , Weber Birgit , Lang Heinrich 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe preparation and twin polymerization of the twin monomer Si(OCH2Fc)4 [Fc = Fe(η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)] (2) by the reaction of FcCH2OH (1) with SiCl4 in the presence of pyridine was explored. The electronic properties of 2 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, square‐wave voltammetry, and UV/Vis/near‐IR spectroelectrochemistry, which showed a redox separation caused by electrostatic repulsion. Thermally induced condensation of 2 is characteristic, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled mass spectrometry (TG–MS). Upon heating 2 to 210 °C, twin polymerization occurred and a hybrid material was formed that showed similarities with known systems derived from 2,2′‐spirobi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline] (SBS), such as the nanopatterning of the formed silicon dioxide, which is characteristic for twin polymerization. Electron microscopy of this material revealed the absence of typical microstructuring found for other twin polymers, and hence, the herein presented system can be characterized as a borderline system if compared to known twin monomers such as SBS. The copolymerization of 2 and SBS afforded a hybrid material from which porous carbon or silica materials containing iron oxide nanoparticles could be obtained. The oxidation state of the incorporated particles was examined by Mössbauer experiments, which confirmed that only FeIII was incorporated within the porous carbon and silica materials, respectively. The preparation of iron oxide containing porous carbon capsules was achieved by applying a mixture of 2 and SBS to silicon dioxide spheres (d = 200 nm). After twin polymerization and carbonization, porous carbon capsules with incorporated iron oxide nanostructures were obtained.
Cobalt(I) and Nickel(II) Complexes of Bis(1,3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene) Sandwich Anions
Authors: Rödl Christian , Wolf Robert 
Published: July 2015

AbstractComplexes [(C4Me4)Co(CO)2{Co(P2C2tBu2)2}] (1, C4Me4 = tetramethylcyclobutadiene) and [CpNi{Co(P2C2tBu2)2}(PPh3)] (2, Cp = cyclopentadienyl) were synthesized by transmetalating [Tl(thf)2{Co(P2C2tBu2)2}] with [(C4Me4)Co(CO)2I] and [CpNiBr(PPh3)]. Compounds 1 and 2 were fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography, multinuclear NMR, UV/Vis, and IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Their molecular structures show σ‐coordination of one phosphorus atom of the [Co(P2C2tBu2)2]– anion to the second metal atom (cobalt or nickel). Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations were applied to gain insight into the electronic structures and the nature of the electronic transitions observed in the UV/Vis spectra. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed the similar redox behavior of 1 and 2, which are reversibly oxidized to the corresponding monocations 1+ and 2+ with retention of the dinuclear structures. The cyclic voltammograms furthermore show that 1 and 2 decompose upon reduction with cleavage of the dinuclear structures into the free [Co(P2C2tBu2)2]– anion and further uncharacterized products.
Infant formula interface and fat source impact on neonatal digestion and gut microbiota
Authors: Bourlieu Claire , Bouzerzour Karima , Ferret‐Bernard Stéphanie , Bourgot Cindy Le , Chever Sophie , Ménard Olivia , Deglaire Amélie , Cuinet Isabelle , Ruyet Pascale Le , Bonhomme Cécile , Dupont Didier , Huërou‐Luron Isabelle Le 
Published: July 2015

Human milk is generally recognized as the gold standard in neonatal nutrition. The structure and composition of human milk are better mimicked in infant formulas that include cow's milk lipids and milk fat membrane extracts, which could also improve physiological properties. Nevertheless, very few infant formulas use cow's milk lipids that are more expensive than vegetable lipids. The potential impact of milk lipid structure and composition on neonatal digestive hydrolysis, intestinal physiology, and gut microbiota was recently underlined by several scientific teams. In this context, the purpose of the present review was to summarize the specificity of composition and structure of human milk and to highlight the recent results on the modulation of infant formula interfacial composition and fat source on neonatal digestive hydrolysis, intestinal physiology, and gut microbiota. More specifically, the interfacial composition of model emulsions stabilized with milk polar lipids will be unraveled as well as the addition of apolar milk fat extracts in replacement to vegetable lipids in infant formulas. The impact of partially replacing vegetable lipids by milk lipids stabilized by milk fat membranes was investigated in the piglets. This replacement influenced the neonatal intestinal physiology through the release of immune‐modulatory lipids, the modulation of proteolysis, and the modification of gut microbiota.Practical applications: The potential development of infant formulas including cow's milk lipid fractions with a structure closer to human milk is discussed. These more biomimetic formulas should result in enhanced nutritional benefits concerning neonatal digestive hydrolysis, physiology, and gut microbiota development.The structure and composition of human milk are better mimicked in infant formulas that include cow's milk lipids and milk fat membrane extracts, although very few infant formulas use cow's milk lipids as it is more expensive than vegetable lipids. The potential impacts of milk lipid structure and composition on neonatal digestive hydrolysis, intestinal physiology, and gut microbiota are recently underlined by several scientific teams and are summarized in this present review.
An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black
Authors: Batista Deroco Patrícia , Campanhã Vicentini Fernando , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work, a simple and highly selective voltammetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PCT) and codeine (COD) in pharmaceuticals and human body fluids employing a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon black (CB) and nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) within a dihexadecylphosphate (DHP) film. Using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV), a separation of ca. 550 mV between the oxidation peak potentials of PCT and COD was obtained. The simultaneous determination of PCT and COD presented a linear concentration range from 3.0 to 47.8 µmol L−1 for PCT and from 0.83 to 38.3 µmol L−1 for COD.
Fabrication of a Nanostructure Based Electrochemical Sensor for Voltammetric Determination of Epinephrine, Uric Acid and Folic Acid
Authors: Mahmoudi Moghaddam Hadi , Beitollahi Hadi , Tajik Somayeh , Soltani Hossein 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified by incorporation of graphene nano sheets and a ferrocene derivative. The modified electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of epinephrine. In phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0, the oxidation current increased linearly with concentration of epinephrine in the range of 0.05–550.0 µM and a detection limit (3σ) 27.0 nM was obtained for epinephrine. Then the modified electrode was used to determine epinephrine in an excess of uric acid and folic acid by SWV.
Acidic and Basic Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials as Electrical Bridges in Enzyme Loaded Chitosan/Poly(styrene sulfonate) Self‐Assembled Layer‐by‐Layer Glucose Biosensors
Authors: David Melinda , Barsan Madalina M. , Florescu Monica , Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGlucose oxidase (GOx) was incorporated in a self‐assembled multilayer modified gold electrode, based on electrostatic interaction between positively charged chitosan polymer, containing GOx, and negatively charged poly(styrene sulfonate). Good electronic communication between electrode and enzyme was ensured by carbon nanomaterials (CN), graphene (G) or carbon nanotubes (CNT) functionalised in either HNO3 or KOH, immobilized together with the enzyme. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy enabled identification of the glucose biosensor assemblies with the best functionalized CN, KOH_G and HNO3_CNT, confirmed by fixed potential amperometry at −0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl, these glucose biosensors exhibiting the highest sensitivities and lowest detection limits.
Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Patients with an Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury Using Disposable Electrochemical Test Strips
Authors: Rael Leonard T. , Bar‐Or Raphael , Kelly Michael T. , Carrick Matthew M. , Bar‐Or David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe barriers to using plasma redox potential as a measure of oxidative stress in patients are the use of specialized equipment, necessity of sterilization between tests, and inconsistent electrode surfaces and cell geometry. These problems are resolved using disposable test strips with built in electrochemical cells. Measuring the electrode potential at a small current yields a stable value that is ∼50 mV higher for isolated traumatic brain injury (ITBI) patients than for healthy individuals. Even with natural variations within blood chemistry, this simple method may be clinically useful for assessing the degree of oxidative stress and injury severity in ITBI patients.
Simultaneous and Selective Detection of Environment Hazardous Metals in Water Samples by Using Flower and Christmas Tree Like Cerium Hexacyanoferrate Modified Electrodes
Authors: Devadas Balamurugan , Sivakumar Mani , Chen Shen‐Ming , Rajkumar Muniyandi , Hu Chi‐Chang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report facile, template‐free, surfactant‐less flower and Christmas tree‐like cerium hexacyanoferrate (CeHCF) modified electrodes for simultaneous measurement of environmentally hazardous metals. The hierarchical growth of CeHCF on electrode surface was controlled by electrodeposition time at constant potential. This CeHCF modified electrode exhibits a prominent electrocatalytic activity towards detection of heavy metal ions such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). The peaks are separated well at CeHCF modified electrode. Well separated peaks for the detection of these heavy metals in lake and tap water samples indicating CeHCF modified electrode as successful electrode for the reported sensor.
Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for Determination of Gallium Using an In Situ Plated Lead Film Electrode
Authors: Grabarczyk Malgorzata , Wasąg Joanna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe in situ plated lead film electrode was proposed for the first time for adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of gallium in water samples. The method was based on simultaneous lead film formation and Ga(III)‐cupferron complex preconcentration at −0.7 V and its cathodic stripping during the potential scan. The composition of the supporting electrolyte, cupferron concentration, conditions of lead film formation, potential and time of accumulation were studied in detail. Under optimum conditions the limit of detection was 3.8×10−9 mol L−1. The proposed procedure was validated in the course of Ga(III) determination in waste water certified reference materials.
Nanocellulose/Carbon Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Film Modified Electrode for Durable and Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Metoclopramide
Authors: Shahrokhian Saeed , Naderi Leila , Ghalkhani Masoumeh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel electrochemical sensor based on nanocellulose‐carbon nanoparticles (NC‐CNPs) nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is developed for the analysis of metoclopramide (MCP). Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the roughness, surface morphology and performance of the deposited modifier film on GCE. SEM image demonstrated that modifier nanoparticles are uniformly deposited on GCE, with an average size of less than 50 nm. The electrochemical behavior of MCP and its oxidation product is studied using linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry over a wide pH range on NC‐CNPs modified glassy carbon electrode. The results revealed that the oxidation of MCP is an irreversible and pH‐dependent process that proceeds in an adsorption‐controlled mechanism and results in the formation of a main oxidation product, which adsorbs on the surface of NC‐CNPs/ GCE. The modified electrode showed a distinctive anodic response towards MCP with a considerable enhancement (49 fold) compared to the bare GCE. Under the optimized conditions, the modified electrode exhibited a wide linear dynamic range of 0.06–2.00 µM with a detection limit of 6 nM for the voltammetric determination of MCP. The prepared modified electrode showed several advantages such as simple preparation method, high stability, reproducibility, and repetitive usability. The modified electrode is successfully applied for the accurate determination of trace amounts of MCP in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations.
A Novel Electroactive Polymer for pH‐independent Oxygen Sensing
Authors: Ng Shu Rui , Pang Hongchang , Chen Peng , Li Chang Ming , O'Hare Danny 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMethylene blue (MB+) and pyrrole were copolymerised to electrodeposit a novel electroactive polymer on a Au electrode which was assessed for O2 sensing. The electroactive polymer exhibits diffusion‐limited behaviour and an electrochemical, followed by catalytic (EC′) mechanism in the presence of dissolved O2. Notably, it is pH‐insensitive in both N2‐purged and air‐equilibrated phosphate buffered saline (PBS) from pH 4 to 8. It is stable over 18 days, possesses a good sensitivity of 256.335 µA mM−1 cm−2, wide linear range of 15 µM to 285 µM and detection limit of 1.47 µM (S/N=3) for dissolved O2. It is highly promising for use in biological investigations where pH fluctuations are expected.
Flame retardancy in fabric consisting of cellulosic fiber and modacrylic fiber containing fine‐grained MoO3 particles
Authors: Tanaka Takeshi , Terakado Osamu , Hirasawa Masahiro 
Published: July 2015

SummaryFlame retardancy of fabrics consisting of modacrylic fiber containing with various dispersed metal compounds and cellulosic fiber has been investigated by means of flame test (ISO15025 procedure A) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). It has been found that excellent flame retardancy is achieved by fine‐grained MoO3 particles. The afterflame time in flame test and the LOI value are improved with decreasing particle size of MoO3. The flame retardancy of MoO3 (particle size; 0.1 µm) is comparable to that of Sb2O3. On the other hand, significant improvement in flame retardancy is not observed for other metal compounds although some metal oxides and a hydroxide in the present study are known as flame retardant or smoke suppressing agent in halogen containing polymer in previous studies. In order to clarify the mechanism of the observed flame retardancy by the addition of fine‐grained MoO3, we have carried out X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) measurement of the fabric specimen after the flame test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of various types of samples. These analytical data indicated that MoO3 works as halogen synergist in solid phase and the char of modacrylic fiber formed by addition of MoO3 suppresses decomposition of the cotton blended in the fabric in the range of the ignition temperature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.