bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in Children With Migraine Receiving Preventive Treatment With Magnesium
Authors: Gallelli Luca , Avenoso Tiziana , Falcone Daniela , Palleria Caterina , Peltrone Francesco , Esposito Maria , De Sarro Giovambattista , Carotenuto Marco , Guidetti Vincenzo 
Published: June 2013

AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate both the effects of ibuprofen and/or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of primary migraine in children in or out prophylactic treatment with magnesium.MethodsChildren ranging from the ages of 5 to 16 years with at least 4 attack/month of primary migraine were eligible for participation the study. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate pain intensity at the moment of admission to the study (start of the study) and every month up to 18 months later (end of the study).ResultsOne hundred sixty children of both sexes aged 5‐16 years were enrolled and assigned in 4 groups to receive a treatment with acetaminophen or ibuprofen without or with magnesium. Migraine pain endurance and monthly frequency were similar in the 4 groups. Both acetaminophen and ibuprofen induced a significant decrease in pain intensity (P < .01), without a time‐dependent correlation, but did not modify its frequency. Magnesium pretreatment induced a significant decrease in pain intensity (P < .01) without a time‐dependent correlation in both acetaminophen‐ and ibuprofen‐treated children and also significantly reduced (P < .01) the pain relief timing during acetaminophen but not during ibuprofen treatment (P < .01). In both acetaminophen and ibuprofen groups, magnesium pretreatment significantly reduced the pain frequency (P < .01).ConclusionsMagnesium increased the efficacy of ibuprofen and acetaminophen with not age‐related effects.
Migraine Management in Community Pharmacies: Practice Patterns and Knowledge of Pharmacy Personnel in Thailand
Authors: Saengcharoen Woranuch , Lerkiatbundit Sanguan 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo describe practice behavior and understanding among pharmacy personnel, both pharmacists and non‐pharmacist staff, in the management of mild and moderate migraines.BackgroundMigraine is recognized as a prevalent and chronic neurological disorder. In developing countries, such as Thailand, community pharmacies are a widely used source of health care for various illnesses including migraine. However, the quality of migraine management and knowledge among pharmacy personnel is unclear.MethodsCross‐sectional study. The sample comprised 142 randomly selected community pharmacies in a city in the south of Thailand. Simulated clients visited the pharmacies twice, at least 1 month apart, to ask for the treatment of mild and moderate migraines. After the encounters, question asking, drug dispensing, and advice giving by pharmacy staff were recorded. Subsequently, the providers in 135 pharmacies participated in the interview to evaluate their knowledge in migraine management.ResultsThe majority of pharmacy personnel were less likely to ask questions in cases of mild migraine when compared with moderate attack (mean score [full score = 12] 1.8 ± 1.6 vs 2.6 ± 1.5, respectively, P < 0.001). Mean difference of question asking between mild and moderate migraines was −0.8 (95% confidence interval −1.1 to −0.5, P < 0.001). Approximately 33% and 54% of the providers appropriately dispensed non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for mild attack and ergotamine for moderate migraine, respectively, P < 0.001. Prophylactic medications (eg, atenolol, propranolol, flunarizine) were inappropriately recommended, particularly in moderate attack (28.2% vs 17.6% in mild migraine, P = 0.018). Less than 30% of providers advised the patients on the maximum limit of dose or discontinuity of medications when recovered. Compared with non‐pharmacists, pharmacists tended to ask more questions, give more advice, and dispense less appropriately; however, there were no significant differences. The results from the interview showed that most pharmacy personnel had inadequate knowledge on migraine management. Pharmacists had better knowledge on question asking (mild migraine 5.1 ± 2.1 vs 3.1 ± 1.3, respectively, P < .001; moderate disorder 6.5 ± 3.1 vs 3.9 ± 2.1, respectively, P < .001) and tended to have more knowledge on advice giving but poorer drug dispensing in moderate migraine according to the guidelines, relative to non‐pharmacists (20.5% vs 40.3%, P = .014).ConclusionsA large number of community pharmacists and non‐pharmacist staff had inappropriate practice behavior and understanding. Continuing education and interventions are important to improve the practice and knowledge of pharmacy personnel, particularly the pharmacists.
The Risk of Headache Attributed to Surgical Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Cohort Study
Authors: Magalhães João E. , Azevedo‐Filho Hildo R. C. , Rocha‐Filho Pedro A. S. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the risk of headache in patients undergoing surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms.BackgroundThe risk of the post‐craniotomy headache has never been studied.MethodsPatients with intracranial aneurysm, who were consecutively admitted to the Hospital da Restauração, Brazil, from May 2009 to October 2010, were interviewed before they underwent surgical or non‐surgical treatment of the aneurysms. The patients were followed for 4 months after intervention. The International Headache Society criteria for post‐craniotomy headache were used after surgery and adapted for headache after embolization (maximum intensity of pain on the same side of the aneurysm). We also used the Headache Impact Test, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.ResultsOf 101 patients enrolled, 53 patients underwent craniotomy and 48 patients embolization. The surgery group was younger and had fewer women. The incidence of headache was 28/51 cases (54.9%) after surgery and 12/47 cases (25.5%) after embolization (relative risk = 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24‐3.72). The incidence of persistent headache was not different between the 2 groups. The only risk factor for headache after the intervention was craniotomy (odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI 1.1‐6.7) and for persistent headache was anxiety prior to treatment (odds ratio = 8.5; 95% CI 1.7‐42.3). The headache after treatment was not associated with the risk of anxiety or depression after the intervention.ConclusionsPatients who underwent craniotomy had an increased risk of headache after treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The incidence of persistent headache after 3 months was higher among patients who had anxiety before the intervention.
Clinical Implications for Breath‐Powered Powder Sumatriptan Intranasal Treatment
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. 
Published: June 2013

The acute treatment of migraine requires matching patient need to drug and formulation. In particular, nausea and vomiting, quick time to peak intensity, and the common gastroparesis of migraineurs, all call for a variety of non‐oral formulations for treatment of attacks. A novel breath‐powered powder sumatriptan intranasal treatment offers an improvement, at least in pharmacokinetics, over conventional liquid nasal sumatriptan spray.The device for delivery in this breath‐powered nasal sumatriptan uses natural nose anatomy to close the soft palate and propel the sumatriptan high up in the nasal cavity on one side with bidirectional airflow coming out the other side. This approach has the potential to reduce adverse events and improve efficacy. Phase 3 data on this system are in press at the time of this writing and results appear promising.The clinical role for a fast acting non‐oral nasal formulation will be in those for whom tablets are bound to fail, that is, in the setting of nausea and vomiting or when the time to central sensitization, allodynia, and disabling migraine is too short for the patient to respond to a tablet. This review provides a clinical perspective on the breath‐powered powder sumatriptan intranasal treatment.
Population size and survival estimates for the rare damselflies, Coenagrion mercuriale and Ischnura pumilio
Authors: Allen Katherine A. , Thompson David J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Coenagrion mercuriale is rare in the UK and is threatened across Europe. Ischnura pumilio is also threatened in the UK. Both species have suffered population declines in recent years and are vulnerable to habitat fragmentation and loss. Yet, reliable population size and survival estimates are scarce in odonate species. This study provides mark–release–recapture estimates of these parameters for UK stronghold populations of both species.

Surveys were performed at four locations in southern England between 2001 and 2006. A total of 12 071 adult individuals were marked across nine populations. Mark–release–recapture modelling techniques were used to provide survival and recapture probabilities and population size estimates.

This study presents the first Horvitz–Thompson estimates of population size in odonates, which are among the highest reported for damselflies. Maximum estimates for a single site were 63 662 ± 4997 for C. mercuriale and 7453 ± 382 for I. pumilio. More males than females were captured at all sites, but calculated estimates indicated a female‐biased sex ratio in adult I. pumilio at one location.

Daily survival probability is among the highest published for damselflies. Male and female survival was equal or very similar in all populations. Further effects of maturity, age, site, and time on survival were identified.

Estimated population sizes are much greater than previously thought, suggesting that where habitat is maintained, populations of threatened odonates can be very large. Furthermore, greater proportions of females have been estimated where wider searching techniques were employed. This has implications for future study design if estimates are to be reliably used for conservation management.
Accuracy of noninvasive hemoglobin and invasive point‐of‐care hemoglobin testing compared with a laboratory analyzer
Authors: Shah N. , Osea E. A. , Martinez G. J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIntroductionHemoglobin concentration is assessed to detect anemia and its associated morbidities. Hemoglobin is usually determined from venous or capillary blood samples run on a laboratory analyzer. However, this method requires a needle stick and results can be delayed. It also exposes caregivers to risks associated with needle sticks and blood exposure. Noninvasive hemoglobin determination would be of benefit to patients and caregivers because it would allow for quick and painless point‐of‐care assessment.MethodsHemoglobin determination from a noninvasive spot check hemoglobin device (Pronto‐7 with SpHb, Masimo) and an invasive point‐of‐care device (HemoCue) was compared with venous blood samples run on a laboratory hematology analyzer.ResultsA total of 440 outpatients and healthy volunteers were included (mean age 36 years, 62% female). Compared with the hematology analyzer, the bias ± standard deviation of was −0.1 ± 1.1 g/dL for SpHb and −0.1 ± 1.6 g/dL for HemoCue.ConclusionNoninvasive hemoglobin testing with SpHb provided similar accuracy as invasive point‐of‐care hemoglobin testing and may enable more efficient and effective patient care.
A Comparison of DEM‐Based Indexes for Targeting the Placement of Vegetative Buffers in Agricultural Watersheds
Authors: Dosskey Michael G. , Qiu Zeyuan , Kang Yang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTargeted placement of vegetative buffers may increase their effectiveness for improving water quality in agricultural watersheds. The use of digital elevation models (DEMs) enables precise mapping of runoff pathways for identifying where greater runoff loads can be intercepted and treated with buffers. Five different DEM‐based targeting indexes were compared and contrasted for the degree to which they identify similar locations in watersheds: Flow Accumulation [S.K. Jenson and J.O. Domingue (1988). Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54:1593], Wetness Index [I.D. Moore, R.B. Grayson, and A.R. Ladson (1991). Hydrological Processes 5:3], Topographic Index [M.T. Walter, T.S. Steenhuis, V.K. Mehta, D. Thongs, M. Zion, and E. Schneiderman (2002). Hydrological Processes 16:2041], and the Water Inflow and Sediment Retention Indexes [M.G. Dosskey, Z. Qiu, M.J. Helmers, and D.E. Eisenhauer (2011b). Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66:362]. The indexes were applied in two different watersheds, one in New Jersey and one in Missouri. Results showed that they all tend to target similar locations in both watersheds which traces to the importance of larger contributing area to the rankings by each index. Disagreement among indexes traces to other variables which enable more accurate targeting under particular hydrologic circumstances. Effective use of these indexes poses special challenges, including selecting an index that better describes the hydrologic circumstances in a watershed and is simple enough to use, ensuring the accuracy of the DEM, and determining a maximum index value for the appropriateness of vegetative buffers. When properly applied, each index can provide a standardized basis and effective spatial resolution for targeting buffer placement in watersheds.
Streamflow Responses to Climate Change: Analysis of Hydrologic Indicators in a New York City Water Supply Watershed
Authors: Pradhanang Soni M. , Mukundan Rajith , Schneiderman Elliot M. , Zion Mark S. , Anandhi Aavudai , Pierson Donald C. , Frei Allan , Easton Zachary M. , Fuka Daniel , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecent works have indicated that climate change in the northeastern United States is already being observed in the form of shorter winters, higher annual average air temperature, and more frequent extreme heat and precipitation events. These changes could have profound effects on aquatic ecosystems, and the implications of such changes are less understood. The objective of this study was to examine how future changes in precipitation and temperature translate into changes in streamflow using a physically based semidistributed model, and subsequently how changes in streamflow could potentially impact stream ecology. Streamflow parameters were examined in a New York City water supply watershed for changes from model‐simulated baseline conditions to future climate scenarios (2081‐2100) for ecologically relevant factors of streamflow using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alterations tool. Results indicate that earlier snowmelt and reduced snowpack advance the timing and increase the magnitude of discharge in the winter and early spring (November‐March) and greatly decrease monthly streamflow later in the spring in April. Both the rise and fall rates of the hydrograph will increase resulting in increased flashiness and flow reversals primarily due to increased pulses during winter seasons. These shifts in timing of peak flows, changes in seasonal flow regimes, and changes in the magnitudes of low flow can all influence aquatic organisms and have the potential to impact stream ecology.
Gene–environment interactions in genome‐wide association studies: current approaches and new directions
Authors: Winham Stacey J. , Biernacka Joanna M. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundComplex psychiatric traits have long been thought to be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and gene–environment interactions are thought to play a crucial role in behavioral phenotypes and the susceptibility and progression of psychiatric disorders. Candidate gene studies to investigate hypothesized gene–environment interactions are now fairly common in human genetic research, and with the shift toward genome‐wide association studies, genome‐wide gene–environment interaction studies are beginning to emerge.MethodsWe summarize the basic ideas behind gene–environment interaction, and provide an overview of possible study designs and traditional analysis methods in the context of genome‐wide analysis. We then discuss novel approaches beyond the traditional strategy of analyzing the interaction between the environmental factor and each polymorphism individually.ResultsTwo‐step filtering approaches that reduce the number of polymorphisms tested for interactions can substantially increase the power of genome‐wide gene–environment studies. New analytical methods including data‐mining approaches, and gene‐level and pathway‐level analyses, also have the capacity to improve our understanding of how complex genetic and environmental factors interact to influence psychologic and psychiatric traits. Such methods, however, have not yet been utilized much in behavioral and mental health research.ConclusionsAlthough methods to investigate gene–environment interactions are available, there is a need for further development and extension of these methods to identify gene–environment interactions in the context of genome‐wide association studies. These novel approaches need to be applied in studies of psychology and psychiatry.
Effects of walking on medical cost: A quantitative evaluation by simulation focusing on diabetes
Authors: Kato Masayuki , Goto Atsushi , Tanaka Takahisa , Sasaki Satoshi , Igata Akihiro , Noda Mitsuhiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecently, the prevalence of lifestyle‐related disease has increased, and its associated medical costs have become considerable. Although walking is thought to prevent lifestyle‐related disease, few studies have evaluated its effect on medical costs in Japanese subjects. We aimed at evaluating the effect of walking on medical costs by simulation mainly focusing on diabetes in the Japanese population.Materials and MethodsA Markov model focusing on diabetes was constructed. As complications of diabetes, ‘dialysis’, ‘ischemic heart disease’ and ‘stroke’ were included. The model has four states: ‘non‐diabetes’, ‘diabetes’, ‘dialysis’ and ‘dead’, and ‘ischemic heart disease’ and ‘stroke’ were included as events that occurred in each state. The effect of walking was included as changing the rate of transition and incident rates of events.ResultsAfter 10 years, the numbers of subjects with diabetes were 4.3 and 7.3% lower for daily increase of 3,000 and 5,000 steps, respectively. The numbers of cases of ischemic heart disease and stroke also decreased. Lower medical costs were also seen according to the daily increase in steps. In 10 years, the total medical costs were 5.2 and 8.4% lower for 3,000 and 5,000 steps increase, respectively. The cost reduction associated with a daily increase of 3,000 steps walked was calculated as ¥0.00146 for each step.ConclusionsWalking is one of the most common and accessible forms of exercises. The present results suggested that walking reduced the medical costs associated with lifestyle‐related disease, which will have a large impact on health policy.
Hospital charitable lotteries: taking a gamble on systems thinking
Authors: Reynolds Jennifer 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe presence of lotteries can be witnessed worldwide. Charitable lotteries are often portrayed as ‘good works’, and recently, hospitals have utilized them as a popular fundraising vehicle to raise necessary funds to help achieve organizational goals and objectives. Research indicates that lotteries contribute to gambling‐related harms; however, research into charitable lotteries has been underdeveloped. Both the gambling and the health care industries are complex and evolving, consisting of many interacting stakeholders with often different and competing interests. This article seeks to present systems thinking as a conceptual framework to help fill the gap in understanding the use of gambling within hospitals and its possible benefits and unforeseen negative consequences. Addressing the gap in knowledge is important to help inform decision making aimed at reducing gambling‐related harms.MethodThis article proposes how the school of systems thinking, specifically framing hospitals as complex adaptive systems and system dynamics modelling, can be utilized to understand the policy implications of the adoption of lotteries as a revenue source for hospitals.ConclusionHospitals have a duty to care, inform and protect. Hospital charitable lotteries have become big business; however, its incorporation into critical funding strategies needs to be carefully understood. Systems thinking theory and methodologies provide an integrated approach to examine this dynamic and evolving fundraising initiative. Findings from this article can inform the development of action strategies, including policy development at multiple levels.
Selective application of a total variation diminishing term to an implicit method for two‐dimensional flow modelling
Authors: Ransom O. , Younis B.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn implicit method with selective total variation diminishing (TVD) term inclusion was developed and used to find solutions to the shallow water equations (SWEs) for free‐surface flows in natural and engineered channels. The conservative form of the SWEs was employed, and the method incorporated an algorithm for selectively underrelaxing the iterative process to maintain stability and accuracy in the presence of shock interfaces. The value of theCourant number and the frequency at which theTVDterm was incorporated were constantly updated during the computation to achieve optimal speed of execution while maintaining stability. The method was tested against published results from physical experiments and from computations employing alternative algorithms, and the results obtained demonstrate both the economy and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
An inventory of flood events in Athens, Greece, during the last 130 years. Seasonality and spatial distribution
Authors: Diakakis M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis work focuses on flooding phenomena in Athens metropolitan area in Greece. To this end, based on a flood‐event database aggregated with civil protection and documentary spatial evidence, an exhaustive inventory of floods in the area is developed, including events not previously studied. Fifty‐two floods are identified between 1880 and 2010, in various locations around Athens basin, which caused 182 casualties and substantial damage. Analysis of the inventory shows an increase in flood occurrence during autumn, especially November, and a rise in flood frequency in recent decades. Spatial information is used to identify the segments of the drainage network that overflowed in each of these flooding episodes. Geographic information system‐based spatial analysis of all the events indicates that certain sections of the drainage network, particularly in the central and north‐western parts of the study area, are the most vulnerable to flood phenomena.