bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of leaf blight of Chrysanthemum with compost teas
Authors: Deepthi K Praveena , Reddy P Narayan 
Published: December 2014

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramil) is an important flower crop, being affected by leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler, a serious disease affecting the flower yield. The present studies were carried out to derive a management strategy with compost teas. The compost teas Vermicompost (CT-1), Vermicompost + Pseudomonas fluorescens1% (CT-2), Vermicompost + Trichoderma viride1% (CT-3), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% (CT-4), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% + Pseudomonas fluorescens1% (CT-5), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% +Trichoderma viride1% (CT-6), Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% (CT-7), Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% + Pseudomonas fluorescens1% (CT-8) and Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% + Trichoderma viride1% (CT-9) were tested against the mycelia growth and spore germination of pathogen, and against disease under field conditions. Compost teas that were sterilized by filtration were prefixed with S where ever necessary. Compost teas were effective in inhibiting the mycelia growth and spore germination. In single spray treatment the percent disease index varied from 9% (CT-8) to 21.34% (CT-4), in two spray treatments 8.69% (SCT-6) to 13.34% (CT-7) and in 3 sprays treatment 4.67% (CT-6) to 11.2% (SCT-1). Treatments CT-6 (4.67%), SCT-5 (4.75%) SCT-6 (6.45%), SCT-7 (5.85%) was superior to fungicide Iprodione 25% + Carbendazim 25%. The treatment CT-6 was most effective to increase the flower yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21112 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 48-61 (2014)
Comparative water use efficiency of drip and furrow irrigation systems for off-season vegetables under plastic tunnel
Authors: Musa M , Iqbal M , Tariq M , Sahi FH , Cheema NM , Jahan FN 
Published: December 2014

The experiment was conducted under plastic tunnel at Groundnut Research Station, Attock, Pakistan during 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 to determine water consumption by three off-season vegetables irrigated through drip and furrow systems, and to evaluate the comparative water use efficiency (WUE) of two irrigation systems in rain fed areas. Drip and furrow irrigation systems were tested on tomato, cucumber and bell pepper in this study. A permanent tunnel of 24 x 8 x 3 m was erected. Each crop was planted on 6 x 8 m under drip irrigation and on 6 x 2.70 m under furrow irrigation system. Water use efficiency was calculated as the ratio of total yield (kg) to total water consumed by the crop (m3). Each crop consumed less water under drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation system. Amomg crops, cucumber comsumed the least amount of water irrespective of irrigation systems. Average water use efficiency increased by 250% for tomato, 274% for cucumber and 245% for bell pepper under drip irrigation system as compared to furrow system. On the contrary, the average fruit yield increased only by 2.05% for tomato, 3.32% for cucumber and 2.35% for bell pepper in furrow irrigation over drip irrigation. This suggested that drip irrigation has a greater scope for production of off-season vegetables especially in water scarce areas of Pakistan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21113 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 62-71 (2014)
Yield and nutrient uptake of summer green gram [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek] under different levels of phosphorus and Sulphur fertilizations
Authors: Bairwa RK , Nepalia V , Balai CM , Jalwania R , Meena HP 
Published: December 2014

A field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dungarpur (Rajasthan) during summer seasons of 2010 and 2011 on sandy clay loam soil to investigate the effect of phosphorus (control, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and sulphur (control, 15, 30 and 45 kg S ha-1) application on NPK and S uptake by green gram [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek]. Increasing levels of phosphorus up to 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in significantly higher grain (745 kg ha-1) and stover (1245 kg ha-1) yields and uptake of NPK and S by grain, stover and the whole plant over lower levels of phosphorus during both the years of the study as well as on pooled basis. But it was at par with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 in respect to S uptake by grain during 2011, S uptake by stover during both the years and total S uptake during 2011. 45 kg S ha-1 produced significantly higher grain (743 kg ha-1) and stover (12264 kg ha-1) yields and uptake of NPK and S by grain, stover as well as total uptake over lower levels of sulphur during both the years of the investigation and on pooled basis. Interaction effect was significant in respect to total NPK and S uptake on pooled basis. Combined application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 45 kg S ha-1 resulted in significantly higher uptake of total NPK and S by summer green gram DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21122 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 162-172 (2014)
Dose-dependent effect of a single GnRHa injection on the spawning of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) broodstock reared in captivity
Authors: Fernandez-Palacios Hipolito , Schuchardt Dominique , Roo Javier , Izquierdo Marisol , Hernandez-Cruz Carmen , Duncan Neil 
Published: December 2014

The present study aimed to determine the spawning efficacy, egg quality and quantity of captive breed meagre induced with a single gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) injection of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 or 50 µg kg-1 to determine a recommended optimum dose to induce spawning. The doses 10, 15 and 20 μg kg-1 gave eggs with the highest quality (measured as: percentage of viability, floating, fertilisation and hatch) and quantity (measured as: total number of eggs, number of viable eggs, number of floating eggs, number of hatched larvae and number of larvae that reabsorbed the yolk sac). All egg quantity parameters were described by Gaussian regression analysis with R2=0.89 or R2=0.88. The Gaussian regression analysis identified that the optimal dose used was 15 μg kg-1. The regression analysis highlighted that this comprehensive study examined doses that ranged from low doses insufficient to stimulate a high spawning response (significantly lower egg quantities, p<0.05) compared to 15 μg kg-1 through to high doses that stimulated the spawning of significantly lower egg quantities and eggs with significantly lower quality (egg viability). In addition, the latency period (time from hormone application to spawning) decreased with increasing doses to give a regression (R2=0.93) which suggests that higher doses accelerated oocyte development that in turn reduced egg quality and quantity. The identification of an optimal dose for the spawning of meagre, which has high aquaculture potential, represents an important advance for the Mediterranean aquaculture industry.
De achterkant van Vrijheid, Gelijkheid, Broederschap
Authors: van Stipriaan Alex 
Published: December 2014

The back-side of freedom, equality, brotherhood. Slavery in the Dutch past
The central question of this contribution is whether slavery was considered in the Netherlands at the time as something normal, an argument which is often heard in debates about this phenomenon today. This paper shows that during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, slavery was indeed something that happened far away from home, however, all the time voices could be heard in this country opposing at least the cruelties of the slave system, or even the basic incompatability of slavery and christianity. It even turned out to be a public problem with the hundreds of enslaved people who came over time with their owners from Suriname or the Dutch Antilles to this country, and after a while became free citizens, because in the Netherlands itself slavery was not allowed.During the second part of the eighteenth century in literary and political Dutch circles the individual voices against (the cruelties of) slavery turned more or less into a choir. These opponents of the system were obviously influenced by and often fervent supporters of the Enlightenment and its ideals for mankind of freedom, equality and brotherhood. Eventually, however, in 1797 the revolutionary Dutch National Assembly in its first constitution voted against an article meant to abolish slave trade and slavery in the near future. It took more than two generations to finally settle this question in 1863.
Nooit meer thuis in deze wereld
Authors: de Wit Theo 
Published: December 2014

Never at home in this world. Jean Améry’s desire for recovery after Auschwitz
The author examines the thoughts of the originally Austrian author Jean Améry. After his concentration camp experiences Améry publicly acclaimed that he continued to resent the Germans. He felt abandoned and deeply overwhelmed and never recovered from these feelings. He refused to forgive and forget and practiced moral and physical rebellion.
Chemokine-Mediated Robust Augmentation of Liver Engraftment: A Novel Approach
Authors: Joshi Meghnad , Oltean Mihai , Patil Pradeep B. , Hallberg David , Kleman Marika , Holgersson Jan , Olausson Michael , Sumitran-Holgersson Suchitra 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Effective repopulation of the liver is essential for successful clinical hepatocyte transplantation. The objective was to improve repopulation of the liver with human hepatocytes using chemokines. We used flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assays to identify commonly expressed chemokine receptors on human fetal and adult hepatocytes. The migratory capacity of the cells to various chemokines was tested. For in vivo studies, we used a nude mouse model of partial hepatectomy followed by intraparenchymal injections of chemokine ligands at various concentrations. Human fetal liver cells transformed with human telomerase reverse transcriptase were used for intrasplenic cell transplantation. Repopulation and functionality were assessed 4 weeks after transplantation. The receptor CXCR3 was commonly expressed on both fetal and adult hepatocytes. Both cell types migrated efficiently toward corresponding CXC chemokine ligands 9, 10, and 11. In vivo, animals injected with recombinant chemokines showed the highest cell engraftment compared with controls (p &lt; .05). The engrafted cells expressed several human hepatic markers such as cytokeratin 8 and 18 and albumin as well as transferrin, UGT1A1, hepatocyte nuclear factor (1α, 1β, and 4α), cytochrome CYP3A1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (α and β), and human albumin compared with controls. No inflammatory cells were detected in the livers at 4 weeks after transplantation. The improved repopulation of transplanted cells is likely a function of the chemokines to mediate cell homing and retention in the injured liver and might be an attractive strategy to augment repopulation of transplanted hepatocytes in vivo.
Optimization of Ornithogalum Saundersiae Baker Propagation by Twin Scale Cuttings with the Use of Biopolymers
Authors: Salachna Piotr  , Zawadzińska Agnieszka  
Published: December 2014

Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker, commonly known as Giant Chincherinchee, is an interesting bulbous plant with horticultural and medicinal potential. For increasing production of O. saundersiae planting material can be used rapid propagation by twin scaling. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of parent bulb circumference, twin scale cutting weight and the type of biopolymer coating on the yield of O. saundersiae bulblets. Propagules were encapsulated in three polymer mixtures: 1% gellan and 0.5% chitosan; 1% iota-carrageenan and 0.5% chitosan; 1% xanthan and 0.5% chitosan. Chitosan had a molecular weight (Mw) of 48 000 g·mol-1 and degree of deacetylation (DD) 85%. The twin scale cuttings were mixed with perlite and peat 1:1 (v/v) and stored for 100 days at 22-24˚C and relative humidity of 70-80%. The highest number of bulblets was produced by the parent bulbs 22-24 cm in circumference. The bulblets derived from the twin scale cuttings weighing 2.1-4.1 g were characterized by greater fresh weight, the greatest circumference and they produced the highest number of adventitious roots. Encapsulation of twin scale cuttings in gellan and chitosan or in iota-carrageenan and chitosan, resulted in the bulblets with more roots and greater weight and circumference, as compared to the control ones and the bulblets obtained from scales treated with xanthan and chitosan.
Carnitine Deficiency: A Causative Clue or a Sequel in Carboplatin Myelosuppression
Authors: Hossam M.M. Arafa  , Raed S. Ismail  , Nesreen Nabil  , Adel M. Mostafa  
Published: December 2014

We have previously demonstrated that carnitine deficiency aggravated paracetamol-induced hepatopathy and carboplatin-induced nephropathy. As a continuum, we have addressed in the current study as to whether carboplatin-induced myelosuppression would be exacerbated by carnitine deficiency. Challenging male Wistar rats with a single dose of carboplatin (35 mg/kg, IP) induced bone marrow suppression manifested as anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia as well as increased frequencies of the micronucleated bone marrow cells; MPCE and MNCE with notable reduction in the P/N ratio. The platinum drug also elevated serum TNF-a and reduced serum free and total carnitine levels. Besides, ATP levels in red and T cells were lowered. Likewise, the mitochondrial membrane potential in T lymphocytes was reduced following the use of the potentiometric dye; JC-1, and this was well correlated with cellular ATP production. Carnitine deficiency exacerbated carboplatin myelotoxicity as it exaggerated all biochemical, hematological and cytogenetic parameters. To address as to whether carnitine deficiency was a causative clue or merely a sequel of carboplatin myelotoxicity, L-carnitine was supplemented ahead of carboplatin challenege. Herein, L-carnitine mitigated all the biochemical, hematological and cytogenetic effects possibly via modulating the release of TNF-a, cellular ATP production and restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential. Irrespective of the mechanisms involved, the current results may afford the potential role for carnitine supplementation as add-on nutraceutical in carboplatin-based chemotherapy.
The Walker circulation, diabatic heating, and outgoing longwave radiation
Authors: Stechmann Samuel N. , Ogrosky H. Reed 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor the tropical atmosphere on planetary scales, it is common to model the circulation using strong damping. Here with new data analysis techniques, evidence suggests that damping can actually be neglected. Specifically, near the equator, the east‐west overturning circulation is in agreement with the undamped wave response to atmospheric heating. To estimate the heating, satellite observations of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are used. Frequently, OLR is used as a heuristic indicator of cloudiness. Here the results further suggest that OLR variations are actually proportional to diabatic heating variations, with a proportionality constant of 18 W m−2 (K d−1)−1. While the agreement holds best over long time averages of years or decades, it also holds over shorter periods of one season or 1 month. Consequently, it is suggested that the strength of the Walker circulation—and its evolution in time—could be estimated using satellite data.
Terrestrial lion roars and non‐Maxwellian distribution
Authors: Qureshi M. N. S. , Nasir Warda , Masood W. , Yoon P. H. , Shah H. A. , Schwartz S. J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLion roars are low‐frequency (∼100 Hz) whistler waves frequently observed in the Earth's magnetosheath. By analyzing both wave and electron data from the Cluster spacecraft, and comparing with linear Vlasov kinetic theory, Masood et al. (2006) investigated the underlying cause of the lion roar generation. However, the analysis based upon the bi‐Maxwellian distribution function did not adequately explain the observations qualitatively as well as quantitatively. This outstanding problem is revisited in the present paper, and a resolution is put forth in which, the flat‐top non‐Maxwellian distribution function with a velocity power law energetic tail, known as the (r,q) distribution, or the generalized kappa distribution is employed. Upon carrying out the linear stability analysis of the (r,q) distribution against the whistler wave perturbation, and upon comparison with the Cluster data, good qualitative and quantitative agreements are found between theory and data.
Thermal stability and degradation of biological terpolyesters over a broad temperature range
Authors: Tanadchangsaeng Nuttapol , Yu Jian 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBecause of high susceptibility to thermal degradation during conventional melt processing of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) homopolymer, incorporation of a second or third monomer unit in the polyester backbones is expected to reduce the melting temperature and crystallinity, resulting in a controlled thermal degradation with improved stability. In this work, random poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate‐co‐4‐hydroxyvalerate) (P3HB3HV4HV) terpolyesters biologically synthesized by Cupriavidus necator were investigated for the thermal stability and degradation over a broad temperature range (100–300°C) in comparison with P3HB homopolyester. The work revealed that below the complete melting point (around 150°C), the terpolyester exhibited a high thermal stability and became an amorphous semisolid suitable for conventional thermal processing. Size exclusion chromatography plus nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was used to examine the thermal degradation products and the vulnerability of different monomer units at high temperatures (240–290°C). We found that 3HV unit in P3HB3HV4HV copolymers was more vulnerable to thermal degradation than 3HB unit under air. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41715.
New Polymer‐Supported Mono‐ and Bis‐Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives: Synthesis and Use in Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Reactions
Authors: Jumde Ravindra P. , Di Pietro Anila , Manariti Antonella , Mandoli Alessandro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis of polystyrene‐supported Chinchona alkaloids and their application in the asymmetric dimerization of ketenes is reported. Six different immobilized derivatives, consisting of three dimeric and two monomeric 9‐O ethers, were prepared by “click” anchoring of soluble alkaloid precursors on to azidomethyl resins. The resulting insoluble polymer‐bound (IPB) organocatalysts were employed for promoting the dimerization of in‐situ generated ketenes. After opening of the ketene dimer intermediates with N,O‐dimethylhydroxylamine, valuable Weinreb amides were eventually obtained in good yield (up to 81 %) and excellent enantiomeric purity (up to 96 % ee). All of the IPB catalysts could be recycled effectively without significant loss of activity and enantioselectivity. The extension to other asymmetric transformations (meso‐anhydride desymmetrization and α‐amination of 2‐oxindoles) is also briefly discussed.
Neophyten in Mitteleuropa
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSeit dem 17. Jahrhundert hat die Einfuhr gebietsfremder Arten, insbesondere als Zier‐ und Gartenpflanzen, aber auch die unabsichtliche Einschleppung kontinuierlich zugenommen. Über 430 Neophyten‐Arten kommen in Deutschland inzwischen dauerhaft als Wildpflanzen vor. Die meisten davon sind unproblematisch, sehr viele wachsen in anthropogen gestalteten Lebensräumen wie auf Ruderalflächen und an Straßenrändern. Einige bilden allerdings schnell große Dominanzbestände in naturnahen Lebensräumen und sind durch die Konkurrenz zu heimischen Arten, die Umgestaltung von Ökosystemen und in wenigen Fällen durch Gefahren für die menschliche Gesundheit zu invasiven Arten geworden. Ihre Bekämpfung ist aufgrund ihrer massiven Regenerations‐ und Ausbreitungskraft sehr schwierig. Der Klimawandel wird viele dieser Arten begünstigen. Daher kommt vorbeugenden Maßnahmen gegen ihre weitere Ausbreitung und gegen künftige Invasionen besondere Bedeutung zu.
Improving the Properties of Bacterial R‐Selective Hydroxynitrile Lyases for Industrial Applications
Authors: Wiedner Romana , Kothbauer Bettina , Pavkov‐Keller Tea , Gruber‐Khadjawi Mandana , Gruber Karl , Schwab Helmut , Steiner Kerstin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) catalyse the reversible cleavage of cyanohydrins to carbonyl compounds and HCN. The recent discovery of bacterial HNLs with a cupin fold gave rise to a new promising class of these enzymes. They are interesting candidates for the synthesis of cyanohydrins on an industrial scale owing to their high expression levels in Escherichia coli. The activity and enantioselectivity of the manganese‐dependent HNL from Granulicella tundricola (GtHNL) were significantly improved by site‐saturation mutagenesis of active site amino acids. The combination of beneficial mutations resulted in a variant with 490‐fold higher specific activity in comparison to the wild‐type enzyme. More importantly, GtHNL‐A40H/V42T/Q110H is a highly competitive alternative for the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins, such as 2‐chlorobenzaldehyde cyanohydrin, (R)‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylbutyronitrile, and (R)‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐phenyl‐3‐butene nitrile, which serve as intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure and Optical Properties of Two Novel Nanosized Ln26@CO3 (Ln=Dy and Tb) Cluster‐Based Lanthanide–Transition‐Metal Organic Frameworks (Ln MOFs)
Authors: Zhang Yu , Huang Lian , Miao Hao , Wan Hong Xiang , Mei Hua , Liu Ying , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hua Mei and Yan Xu at Nanjing Tech University, China. The image depicts star‐like {Tb26} clusters, which are simplified as blue balls, and Ag atoms, which are distributed in the MOF structure uniformly to give a lanthanide–MOF structure with good optical properties. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201405178.
Single Flexible Janus Nanobelts to Realize Tunable and Enhanced Simultaneous Photoluminescent, Electrical, and Magnetic Trifunctionality
Authors: Yin Duanduan , Ma Qianli , Dong Xiangting , Lv Nan , Wang Jinxian , Yu Wensheng , Liu Guixia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractY2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles (NPs), polyaniline (PANI), and Fe3O4 NPs are incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and electrospun into [Y2O3:Eu3+/PMMA]//[PANI/Fe3O4/PMMA] Janus nanobelts with Y2O3:Eu3+/PMMA as one half side and PANI/Fe3O4/PMMA as the other. The morphology and properties of the final products are investigated in detail by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Hall effect measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The results reveal that the [Y2O3:Eu3+/PMMA]//[PANI/Fe3O4/PMMA] trifunctional Janus nanobelts possess excellent electrical conductivity, magnetism, and fluorescence owing to their special nanostructure. Fluorescence emission peaks of Eu3+ are observed in the Janus nanobelts. The electrical conductivity reaches the order of 10−4 S cm−1. The luminescent intensity, electrical conductivity, and saturation magnetization of the Janus nanobelts can be tuned by adjusting the respective amounts of Y2O3:Eu3+ NPs, PANI, and Fe3O4 NPs. The flexible luminescent‐electrical‐magnetic trifunctional Janus nanobelts have many potential applications. More importantly, this design concept and construct technology is of universal significance for the fabrication of other multifunctional nanostructures.