bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of isoflavones and coumestrol in neglected tropical and subtropical legumes
Authors: Leuner Olga , Havlik Jaroslav , Hummelova Jana , Prokudina Elena , Novy Pavel , Kokoska Ladislav 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Isoflavones and coumestrol from dietary legumes are plant constituents showing multiple beneficial effects on humans. Owing to their ability to bind with mammalian estrogenic receptors and thereby intervention in several kinds of hormone‐related cancers, they have received much attention. Soybean (Glycine max) is currently the major source of isoflavonoids in human diet. However, dozens of tropical and subtropical leguminous species remain unexplored for their isoflavonoids content.RESULTS: We have analyzed 55 extracts from 41 tropical and subtropical legume species used either in human or animal diet by high‐performance liquid chromatography for the content of soy isoflavones, biochanin A, daidzein, daidzin, formononetin, genistein, genistin, sissotrin, ononin and the coumestan coumestrol. Genistein and biochanin A were the most abundant compounds. The highest content of genistein was found in aerial parts of Andira macrothyrsa, seeds of Pachyrhizus tuberosus and aerial parts of Calopogonium mucunoides (598, 250 and 184 µg g−1, respectively) and biochanin A in aerial parts of Cratylia argentea, C. mucunoides and flowers of A. macrothyrsa (76, 53 and 40 µg g−1, respectively).CONCLUSION: None of the samples tested was richer overall source of soy isoflavones and coumestrol than soybean; nevertheless several species (C. mucunoides or A. macrothyrsa) may serve as a promising source of individual compounds. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Anti‐obesity and hypolipidemic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea water extract in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Li Qin , Liu Zhonghua , Huang Jianan , Luo Guoan , Liang Qionglin , Wang Die , Ye Xiaoyan , Wu Chaobi , Wang Lili , Hu Jiehui 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundFuzhuan brick tea is a kind of microbial fermented tea, which has received increasing attention in recent years owing to its benefits for human health. In this study, the anti‐obesity and hypolipidemic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea water extracts (FTEs) were investigated.ResultsFTEs consisted of 204.07 ± 3.38 mg g−1 polyphenol, 109.20 ± 1.36 mg g−1 flavonoids, and others. The FTEs significantly suppressed the increase of body weight and accumulation of adipose tissue, and reduced the level of serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in obese rats fed a high‐fat diet. Moreover, FTEs attenuated the gene expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c, fatty acid synthase and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, which is related to lipogenic metabolism. In contrast, the gene expressions of enzymes involved in energy expenditure and lipodieresis including hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a and LDL receptor gene expression were increased by FTE treatment.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that FTEs have anti‐obesity and hypolipidemic functions, suggesting that it might be effective for treatment of obesity and hyperlipemia.
Variability in tannin content, chemistry and activity in a diverse group of tannin containing sorghum cultivars
Authors: Kaufman Rhett C , Herald Thomas J , Bean Scott R , Wilson Jeff D , Tuinstra Mitch R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundTannins are large polyphenolic polymers and are known to bind proteins, limiting their digestibility, but are also excellent antioxidants. Numerous studies investigating the functional properties of sorghum tannin have been conducted by comparing grain samples from different sorghum lines without considering the other intrinsic characteristics of the grain. The purpose of this study was to remove the confounding intrinsic factors present in the endosperm so the effect of the tannins could be evaluated utilizing a unique decortication/reconstitution procedure.ResultsThe tannin content of the 14 cultivars tested ranged from 2.3 to 67.2 catechin equivalents. The bran fractions were studied for their impact on protein binding and antioxidant capacity. Protein digestibility by pepsin ranged from 8% to 58% at the highest tannin level addition. Protein binding ranged from 3.11 to 16.33 g blue bovine serum albumin kg−1 bran. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 81.33 to 1122.54 µmol Trolox equivalents g−1 bran. High‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography detailed molecular size distributions of the tannin polymers and relationship to tannin functionality.conclusionThe tannin content and composition play a significant role in determining tannin functionality. These differences will allow for selections of high‐tannin sorghums with consideration of the biological activities of the tannins.
Effects of season, browse species and polyethylene glycol addition on gas production kinetics of forages in the subhumid subtropical savannah, South Africa
Authors: Basha Nasreldin AD , Scogings Peter F , Nsahlai Ignatius V 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of season, species and polyethylene glycol addition on gas production (GP) and GP kinetic parameters by in vitro incubation (72 h) of five plant species from the subhumid subtropical savannah, South Africa. Plant species used were Acacia natalitia, Acacia nilotica, Dichrostachys cinerea, Scutia myrtina and Chromolaena odorata, leaves of which were harvested during the dry (June/July), early wet (November/December) and late wet (February/March) seasons. An automated in vitro gas production technique was used in two experiments carried out with nine replicates. The first experiment was to test the effect of season and species, while the second experiment tested the effect of tannins using polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG). The PEG treatment was applied to samples in the early wet and late wet seasons.ResultsThere were wide variations among seasons and species in crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannin (CT). Season and species affected the maximum GP and GP kinetic parameters. During the three seasons, C. odorata had the highest CP (186–226 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) and GP (87–104 mL g−1 DM) and S. myrtina had the lowest CP (105–129 g kg−1 DM), while A. nilotica, A. natalitia, D. cinerea and S. myrtina had similar and low GP (23–50 mL g−1 DM). The maximum GP, its degradation rate and GP from the soluble fraction were positively correlated with CP both without and with PEG. With PEG, GP from the soluble fraction was negatively correlated with NDF, ADL and CT; without PEG, it was negatively correlated with CT.ConclusionBoth season and species affected the GP parameters. The addition of PEG emphasises that the inhibitory effect of tannins on rumen microbes was greater for all but C. odorata, confirming that these browse species can be used as feed supplements.
Prediction of the dry‐milling performance of maize hybrids through hardness‐associated properties
Authors: Blandino Massimo , Sacco Dario , Reyneri Amedeo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe hardness of kernels determines the dry‐milling processing performance of maize hybrids. The identification of the best maize hybrids for the dry‐milling process requires a limited number of simple, practical and reliable tests that are able to predict the potential grit yield.ResultsA total of 119 samples from different genetic and environmental backgrounds, collected over 3 years, were analysed for coarse/fine ratio (C/F), floating test (FLT), protein content (PC), kernel sphericity (S), total milling energy (TME) and test weight (TW). The total grit yield (TGY) of each sample was obtained through a micromilling procedure based on the manual separation of kernel endosperm followed by grinding and sieving under standard operational conditions. The TGY was used to establish the capability of the tests to predict the dry‐milling aptitude. Single and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to establish equations for the prediction of TGY using C/F, FLT, PC, S, TME and TW as independent variables. The analyses were performed on three data sets, clustered year by year of the sample collection and analysis, and the resulting average coefficients of determination (R2) were compared by analysis of variance. C/F, FLT, TME and, to a lesser extent, TW appeared to be easy‐to‐use independent descriptors of maize dry‐milling. An improved model prediction ability was observed when different combinations of a few physical and chemical properties were used as input variables. However, the models in which three or more variables were used did not lead to any significant improvement in TGY prediction compared with the smaller models.ConclusionThis study contributes towards establishing the best predictor of maize kernel aptitude to dry‐milling processes. Of all considered data sets, a milling evaluation factor (C/F or TME) coupled with kernel density (measured by means of the FLT) showed the best predictive ability for dry‐milled product yields.
Surfaces Resistant to Fouling from Biological Fluids: Towards Bioactive Surfaces for Real Applications
Authors: Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar , Houska Milan , Alles Aldo Bologna , Brynda Eduard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe fouling from four human body fluids – blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and saliva – and four animal fluids – foetal bovine and calf sera, egg and milk – relevant to human and veterinary medicine, immunology, biology and diagnostics is assessed on antifouling SAMs and on polymer brushes of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, carboxybetaine acrylamide and N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide synthesized via ATRP. While important deposits from the all biofluids are observed on SAMs, a superior resistance is achieved on polymer brushes. Importantly, only poly(CBAA) and poly(HPMA) are capable of resisting the fouling from the most challenging media, blood plasma and eggs. magnified image
Oxidant‐Dependent REDOX Responsiveness of Polysulfides
Authors: Carampin Paolo , Lallana Enrique , Laliturai Jureerat , Carroccio Sabrina C. , Puglisi Concetto , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPoly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) is studied as an oxidation‐responsive macromolecular building block, in the perspective of anti‐inflammatory therapies. Here, we show that the nature of the oxidant has profound effects on the outcome of the oxidation process. PPS was exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorite (OCl−), which are oxidizing species commonly encountered during inflammatory processes. It was found that the oxidation with H2O2 converted thioethers into sulfoxides, producing water‐soluble macromolecular products with extremely low toxicity (L929 fibroblasts); on the contrary, the reaction with NaOCl produced sulfones in addition to sulfoxides, and this was accompanied by depolymerization, which appears to considerably affect the toxicity of the oxidation products.
Poly(phenylnorbornene) from Ring‐Opening Metathesis and Its Hydrogenated Derivatives
Authors: Li Sheng , Burns Adam B. , Register Richard A. , Bell Andrew 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNovel polymers are synthesized from 5‐phenyl‐2‐norbornene (PhNb) and its saturated side group analog, 5‐cyclohexyl‐2‐norbornene, using ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Polymers of both endo‐rich and all‐exo PhNb show glass transition temperatures (Tg) = 88 ± 1 °C, indicating a negligible effect of monomer stereoisomerism on segmental packing or the energy barriers to motion at the glass transition, despite the substantial size of the side group. Post‐polymerization hydrogenation of the PhNb polymers using catalysts with different selectivities reveals that saturation of the backbone produces a 17 °C decrease in Tg (for both aromatic and cycloaliphatic side groups), whereas saturation of the side groups produces a 14 °C increase in Tg (for both saturated and unsaturated backbones).
It Is a Match: The Impact of Congruence between Celebrity Image and Consumer Ideal Self on Endorsement Effectiveness
Authors: Choi Sejung Marina , Rifon Nora J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTUsing celebrities for promoting products is a popular advertising strategy. The selection of celebrity endorsers is of great concern to advertisers given the large sums of money to secure their participation. To date, most academic research on celebrity endorser effectiveness has focused on endorser characteristics (e.g., source credibility) or a match between a product and the endorser (e.g., match‐up hypothesis). The study presented here introduces a new dimension for understanding celebrity endorser effects, the congruence between a consumer's perception of a celebrity's personality characteristics with the consumer's self‐concept. Consumers’ self‐concept is an important influence on purchase decisions (Ericksen, 1997; Graeff, 1996; Sirgy, 1982, 1985), and advertising has been viewed as the most effective tool for creating product images in relation to such self‐concept (Sirgy, 1982). Drawn from the two streams of literature, this study proposes and tests an integrative model of celebrity endorsement by examining congruence effects of consumer self‐concept and celebrity as well as product and celebrity. Results suggest that ideal congruity (congruence between consumers’ ideal self‐image and celebrity image) adds explanatory power to a congruence model of celebrity endorser effects. Implications for advertisers and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Celebrity Worship, Materialism, Compulsive Buying, and the Empty Self
Authors: Reeves Robert A. , Baker Gary A. , Truluck Chris S. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis study tested common predictions from the absorption‐addiction model of celebrity worship and the empty self theory. A sample of 171 university students completed a set of scales that included celebrity worship, materialism, and compulsive buying, as well as self‐concept clarity, and several other measures of well‐being, such as boredom proneness, self‐esteem, and life satisfaction. As predicted, materialism and compulsive buying were significantly correlated with celebrity worship, extending research on the empty self theory. Celebrity worship, materialism, and compulsive buying were significantly related to lower self‐concept clarity and to lower levels of well‐being, supporting both absorption‐addiction and empty self theories. The results provide clear evidence for absorption‐addiction and empty self theory predictions of a compromised identity. Implications for future research were discussed.
Desire for Fame: Scale Development and Association with Personal Goals and Aspirations
Authors: Gountas John , Gountas Sandra , Reeves Robert A. , Moran Lucy 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe desire for fame appears to be an aspiration for many people, which is associated with material wealth, social recognition, and admiration. Recently, reality TV has provided the opportunity for ordinary people to become famous with little effort or outstanding achievement. A literature review revealed no scale to measure the desire for fame that is not specifically concerned with celebrity worship or personality, but related to the perception of lifestyle benefits associated with being famous. The key objective of this study was to develop a scale to measure the desire for fame and test its validity and reliability. The scale items were developed through the literature review and exploratory interviews. A pilot study was conducted to test the relationship between the desire for fame and external goals, which indicated positive associations. A second, online survey was conducted using a sample of 507 people. The Desire for Fame scale was found to have good psychometric properties and the findings suggest significant relationships with extrinsic and intrinsic aspirations, consistent with self‐determination theory. The social and marketing implications of the research are discussed and suggestions have been made for future research.
Milk protein and fat play different roles in affecting the bioavailability and the antioxidant activity of jujube juice phenolics in rats
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zheng Junyan , Liu Xianting , Ding Qingbo , Jiang Lu , Guo Huiyuan , Ren Fazheng 
Published: August 2012

ScopeIn this study, we intend to clarify the role that milk proteins and fat may play in affecting the bioavailability and the antioxidant activity of jujube juice phenolics.Methods and resultsThree milk preparations—skimmed milk, milk fat, and whole milk were produced to represent milk protein, milk fat, and milk protein and fat together, respectively. The bioavailability of phenolics and the rat plasma antioxidant capacity were measured for 8 h after the consumption of jujube juice with and without milk preparations. The addition of skimmed milk to jujube juice resulted in significant changes in the plasma kinetics profile of phenolics, rather than affecting the overall absorption. Milk fat did not interact with jujube juice phenolics. However, when jujube juice was ingested with whole milk, a significant reduction of the bioavailability of phenolics and the maximum increase in plasma antioxidant capacity was observed. Moreover, a consistent increase in the median diameters of the emulsions indicated the formation of complexes of proteins, fat, and phenolics during digestion.ConclusionThe present study suggests that when ingested with jujube juice, milk proteins and fat play different roles in affecting the bioavailability and the antioxidant activity of jujube juice phenolics.
Blood biomarkers of methylation in Down syndrome and metabolic simulations using a mathematical model
Authors: Obeid Rima , Hartmuth Kathrin , Herrmann Wolfgang , Gortner Ludwig , Rohrer Tilman R. , Geisel Jürgen , Reed Michael C. , Nijhout H. Frederik 
Published: August 2012

ScopeThe study tests the metabolites of the methylation cycle in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and applies a mathematical model in order to change this cycle by nutritional factors.Methods and resultsWe measured concentrations of the metabolites related to the methylation cycle in the blood of 35 young individuals with DS and 47 controls of comparable age. Moreover, we applied a mathematical model to learn more about the regulation of the methylation cycle in DS. Concentrations of cystathionine, cysteine, betaine, choline, dimethylglycine, S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), and holotranscobalamin were significantly higher in DS compared to the controls. The median SAM/SAH ratio was lower in DS and that of methionine and reduced glutathione did not differ significantly between the groups. The mathematical model showed that enhanced methionine turnover and accelerated Hcy‐remethylation might explain the shift in the methylation cycle in DS.ConclusionIn addition to the DS‐related excess of cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) activity, increases in the activities of MS and betaine homocysteine methyl transferase, and in methionine input were necessary to account for the changes in metabolite levels observed in DS. A low‐methionine diet might offer a perspective for reversing the metabolic imbalance in DS, but this awaits clinical investigations.
Noninvasive respiratory management and diaphragm and electrophrenic pacing in neuromuscular disease and spinal cord injury
Authors: Bach John R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this monograph is to describe noninvasive management of respiratory muscle weakness/paralysis for patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) assists and supports inspiratory muscles, whereas mechanically assisted coughing (MAC) simulates an effective cough. Long‐term outcomes will be reviewed as well as the use of NIV, MAC, and electrophrenic pacing (EPP) and diaphragm pacing (DP) to facilitate extubation and decannulation. Although EPP and DP can facilitate decannulation and maintain alveolar ventilation for high‐level SCI patients when they cannot use NIV because of lack of access to oral interfaces, there is no evidence that they have any place in the management of NMD. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Three decades of progress: Productivity, quality, environment
Authors: Ruch William A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOver the past two decades, organizational progress has been defined by the revolutionary productivity and quality movements. So what can organizations expect to face as they embark on the new millennium? In this article, the author predicts that the next decade will focus on environmental management systems and offers guidelines for dealing with the critical issues, challenges, and opportunities that ultimately will arise.
The self‐management payoff: Making ten years of improvements in one
Authors: Carroll Bob 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough much has been written about how self‐managed teams are much more effective than traditional work groups, almost nothing has been written as to why they are more effective. As this article explains, the very way a self‐managed team operates leads to greater improvements in quality and speed than are possible in a traditional command‐and‐control structure.
Tying quality to strategy to ensure the success of both
Authors: Kossoff Leslie L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOnly by binding the quality initiative to the strategy and goals of the larger organization can management and its teams ensure that they are doing the right things for the right reasons leading to the best outcomes. This article presents a means of tying quality to strategy for organizations new to quality initiatives and those dissatisfied with previous results. It also outlines a three‐phase implementation structure incorporating a system of checks and balances to ensure that the initiative stays on track.
Focusing on technology, operations, and processes at Witco Houston
Authors: Montgomery H. Keith , Recardo Ronald J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhen a parent corporation recasts its vision, what must its member components do to keep up? This case study analyzes an approach for work redesign that substantively changed the way work was done at a 170‐person manufacturing facility. Through this innovative approach, the plant realized significant financial and operational improvements in just four months.
An organizational framework for the information age
Authors: Reilly Bernard J. , Ozatalay Savas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMan or machine: Which is more important? Although the mass‐production systems of the past required the obedience of people to the demands of technology, today's information‐based organizations use technology as a tool for developing expertise. This paradigm shift requires a redefinition of the role of technology and the role of the people who use it, for only through a partnership of capital and skill can organizations achieve the value‐added component of modern work.
Moving training to the strategic level with learning requirements planning
Authors: Kapp Karl M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractManufacturing organizations have a tremendous opportunity to obtain a competitive advantage through the alignment of their training programs with organizational strategic goals. Yet, few manufacturing organizations are able to achieve a competitive advantage through organizational learning. In this article, the author details a comprehensive model for aligning corporate strategic goals with the everyday training and education sessions that occur within the organization. Besides laying the groundwork for strategic advantage, implementing a Learning Requirements Planning (LRP) process should especially appeal to manufacturing organizations, because it uses the same logic and structure as much of the manufacturing software on the market today.