bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women following gastric bypass: a Danish national cohort study
Authors: Berlac Janne Foss , Skovlund Charlotte Wessel , Lidegaard Øjvind 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women following gastric bypass, compared with adipose women without surgery and with a normal weight control population.DesignHistorical controlled cohort study.SettingDenmark.PopulationAll women undergoing gastric bypass during the period 1996–2011, and subsequently giving birth.Methods and main outcome measuresObstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women without gastric bypass matched on age, parity, plurality, year, and body mass index, and normal weight women.ResultsIn 415 women giving birth after gastric bypass we found significantly more women with hypertension in pregnancy; relative risk (RR) 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3–5.0), gestational diabetes; RR = 6.9 (3.5–13.5), and acute abdominal pain during pregnancy; RR = 4.7 (2.9–7.8) compared with normal weight controls. Compared with women with similar body mass index, they had a lower incidence of preeclampsia and emergency cesarean sections, and their children a lower incidence of asphyxia; RR = 0.4 (0.2–0.8). Their children were on average 212 g smaller than newborn of normal weight mothers, and 319 g smaller than newborn of adipose controls, and had significantly more admissions to neonatal intensive care unit compared with newborn of normal weight mothers; RR = 1.5 (1.1–2.0).ConclusionsGastric bypass may reduce the risk of preeclampsia, emergency cesarean section, and perinatal asphyxia, compared with adipose women without surgery. Compared with normal weight controls women who had had a gastric bypass had a higher risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes, and acute abdominal pain during pregnancy and their children a lower birthweight and higher incidence of admittance to neonatal intensive care.
Clinical characteristics of 15 children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia who developed blast crisis: MDS Committee of Japanese Society of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology
Authors: Honda Yuko , Tsuchida Masahiro , Zaike Yuji , Masunaga Atsuko , Yoshimi Ayami , Kojima Seiji , Ito Masafumi , Kikuchi Akira , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Manabe Atsushi 
Published: March 2014

SummaryJuvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) is a rare haematopoietic stem cell disease of early childhood, which can progress to blast crisis in some children. A total of 153 children diagnosed with JMML were reported to the Myelodysplastic Syndrome Committee in Japan between 1989 and 2007; 15 of them (9·8%) had 20% or more blasts in the bone marrow (blast crisis) during the disease course. Blast crisis occurred during observation without therapy (n = 3) or with oral 6‐mercaptopurine treatment (n = 9) and in relapse after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT; n = 3). Six patients had a complex karyotype (5 including monosomy 7) and an additional three patients had isolated monosomy 7 at blast crisis. Seven patients received HSCT after blast crisis and four of them achieved remission. Eleven out of the 15 patients died; the cause of death was disease progression in 10 patients and transplant‐related complication in one patient. In summary, patients with blast crisis have poor prognosis and can be cured only by HSCT. The emergence of monosomy 7 and complex karyotype may be characteristic of blast crisis in a substantial subset of children.
C-reactive protein levels in hereditary angioedema
Authors: Hofman Z L M , Relan A , Hack C E 
Published: March 2014

SummaryHereditary angioedema (HAE) patients experience recurrent episodes of angioedema attacks that can be painful, disfiguring and even life-threatening. The disorder results from a mutation in the gene that controls the synthesis of C1-inhibitor (C1INH). C1INH is a major regulator of activation of the contact system. It is often assumed that attacks results from uncontrolled local activation of the contact system with subsequent formation of bradykinin. To evaluate the involvement of inflammatory reactions in HAE, we analysed C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. HAE patients included in a clinical database of recombinant human C1-inhibitor (rhC1INH) studies were evaluated. For the current study we analysed CRP levels when patients were asymptomatic, during a clinical attack and in a follow-up period, and correlated these with the clinical manifestations of the attack. Data from 68 HAE patients were analysed and included CRP levels on 273 occasions. While asymptomatic, 20% of the patients analysed had increased CRP. At the onset of the attack (P = 0·049) and during the next 24 h CRP rose significantly (P = 0·002) in patients with an abdominal location, and post-attack levels were significantly higher in these patients than in patients with attacks at other locations (P = 0·034). In conclusion, CRP levels are elevated in a substantial proportion of asymptomatic HAE patients. Levels of CRP increase significantly during an abdominal attack. These data suggest low-grade systemic inflammatory reactions in HAE patients as well as a triggering event for attacks that starts prior to symptom onset.
Five‐year outcome of bariatric surgery in a patient with melanocortin‐4 receptor mutation
Authors: Elkhenini H. F. , New J. P. , Syed A. A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMonogenic obesity is characterized by mutations in genes involved in the central regulation of food intake. Melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) mutations are the most frequent monogenic cause of severe early onset human obesity. Although bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for idiopathic morbid obesity in adults, little is known about its effectiveness in patients with monogenic obesity syndromes. We report 5‐year outcome of gastric bypass surgery in a young man with severe super‐obesity associated with MC4R mutation. A 22‐year‐old man with a weight of 221.6 kg and body mass index of 76.7 kg m–2 associated with a heterozygous MC4R mutation was referred to our centre for bariatric surgery. He underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and achieved weight loss of 76% of excess weight over a follow‐up period of 58 months. Heterozygous MC4R mutations have been associated with dominantly inherited obesity in various ethnic groups, and non‐surgical interventions are rarely effective in the long term. One previous report of bariatric surgery in a patient with complete MC4R deficiency reported poor weight loss after gastric banding. We speculate that patients with MC4R mutations achieve superior weight loss outcomes from procedures such as RYGB that produce neurohormonal changes rather than gastric restriction alone due to beneficial effects on appetite and satiety regulation.
Completely diverted tube ileostomy compared with loop ileostomy for protection of low colorectal anastomosis: a pilot study
Authors: Zhou X. , Lin C. , Chen W. , Lin J. , Xu J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThe study was designed to evaluate a new completely diverted tube ileostomy (CDTI) with a reversible single‐row stapled occlusion of the distal limb to defunction a low colorectal anastomosis, and to compare it with a loop ileostomy (LI).MethodFrom September 2010 to August 2012, 95 patients with rectal cancer who underwent elective low anterior resections were recruited into the study. They received either a CDTI or a LI. Demographics, clinical features and operative data were recorded.ResultsFifty‐four patients (56%) had a CDTI and 41 (44%) a LI. There were no significant differences in patient demographics and clinical characteristics. Anastomotic dehiscence occurred in three (5.6%) patients in the CDTI group and two (4.9%) in the LI group (not significant) and no patient developed faecal peritonitis. In the CDTI group, the distal ileum spontaneously recanalized from the stapler occlusion with an average anastomosis exclusion time of 27.9 (14–70) days. The CDTI tube was removed on day 33 (20–75) and the subsequent stoma closure time was 12.3 (6–30) days.ConclusionThe CDTI procedure is a safe and effective technique for defunctioning an elective low colorectal anastomosis and avoids a formal stoma.
A New Culture of Learning: Digital Storytelling and Faith Formation
Authors: Hess Mary E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHow has the “new culture of learning” begun to transform us, and in what ways might the faith formation practices of religious communities be impacted by the shift? Recent research funded by the MacArthur Foundation lays an empirical basis for recognizing shifts in learning brought about by widespread access to digital technologies. The implications of that research, in turn, pose widespread challenges to the work of faith formation in contemporary communities of faith. Communicative theologies may be best poised to engage these challenges through the practices of digital storytelling.
Movers and shakers: nutrient subsidies and benthic disturbance predict biofilm biomass and stable isotope signatures in coastal streams
Authors: Harding Jennifer N. , Harding Joel M. S. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Nutrient subsidies and physical disturbance from migrating species can have strong impacts on primary producers. In the north Pacific, adult salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) transport marine‐derived nutrients back to freshwater streams and can also significantly disrupt the substratum during spawning events. We tested for effects of spawning pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon on stream biofilm. Biofilm is a mix of algae, fungi and bacteria that provides food and habitat and forms the base of these aquatic food webs.

We collected rock biofilm samples to compare stable isotopes and biomass prior to and following peak salmon spawning in 16 catchments on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada.

We conducted two separate analyses. The first was a within‐stream comparison, which focused on 5 catchments that had a barrier to pink and chum salmon migration. The second was an among‐stream analysis that included all 16 catchments and explicitly considered biotic and abiotic factors, in addition to salmon density, known to influence biofilm growth and isotope ratios.

Salmon density proved to be the best predictor of biofilm δ15N. Biofilm δ13C was best predicted by salmon density and catchment size. While spring chlorophyll a increased with mean salmon density, it was on average lower during spawning in the autumn, probably due to physical disturbance from spawning salmon.

These results show that of the several variables considered to affect biofilm isotopes and biomass, salmon density and catchment size are among the most influential in coastal streams where salmon spawn.
Gender and Climate Change Adaptation in Agrarian Settings: Current Thinking, New Directions, and Research Frontiers
Authors: Carr Edward R. , Thompson Mary C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe impacts of climate variability and change impinge upon different lives and livelihoods within agrarian populations in complex ways. While academic, donor, and implementer efforts to understand and act on this complexity have been profoundly influenced by gender analysis, most contemporary analyses are predicated on a construction of gender as binary (men versus women). This approach runs contrary to current understandings of gender and identity in the wider social science literature, which treats gender as a social categorization that takes meaning from its intersection with other identities, roles, and responsibilities. An emerging adaptation literature takes on this intersectional approach to gender, making conceptual, methodological, and empirical arguments against assessing the vulnerability of agrarian populations to the impacts of climate variability and change through binary gender categories. This literature argues that binary approaches are likely to overlook the specific challenges facing significant portions of any agrarian population, and therefore can result in maladaptive interventions that enhance, instead of ameliorate, the vulnerability of the most marginal and vulnerable. Though this emerging literature makes a compelling case for change, efforts to convince the academic and implementation communities focused on agrarian adaptation to adopt intersectional gender analyses point to two broad research frontiers. First, convincing these communities of the value of this shift will require an expanded, rigorous empirical base of evidence for who is overlooked by binary gender analysis relative to intersectional analysis in particular places. Second, facilitating the implementation of intersectional approaches will require methodological innovations that have thus far been under‐addressed in this literature.
Patterns of tertiary prophylaxis in Canadian adults with severe and moderately severe haemophilia B
Authors: Jackson S. C. , Yang M. , Minuk L. , St‐Louis J. , Sholzberg M. , Card R. , Iorio A. , Poon M.‐C. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryFrom a young age patients with severe and moderately severe FIX deficiency (haemophilia B) can experience spontaneous or traumatic bleeding and joint destruction may result. The use of coagulation factor IX concentrate to prevent anticipated bleeding, as primary or secondary prophylaxis, has become a common and recommended practice in children. The current practice of using tertiary prophylaxis, in the presence of established joint arthropathy, in adults with haemophilia B is not well characterized. This observational study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the recent Canadian experience with tertiary prophylaxis in adults with severe and moderately severe haemophilia B. Data were collected from all eligible adult (≥ 18 years of age) males with baseline FIX:C ≤ 2% from seven Canadian Hemophilia Treatment centres over a 2‐year observation period from 2009 to 2011. Thirty‐four per cent of the 67 subjects with moderately severe haemophilia B were exposed to prophylaxis with the majority as continuous prophylaxis (≥45 weeks year‐1). The severe subgroup (FIX:C < 1%) demonstrated a 52% exposure rate. None had primary prophylaxis exposure in childhood. Eighty‐one per cent used once or twice weekly infusion regimens and reported a median annual bleeding rate of five bleeds per year versus four bleeds per year for those using on‐demand treatment. Annual median factor utilization for all subjects using prophylaxis was 196 283 U year‐1 compared to 46 361 U year‐1 for on demand. Approximately 50% of adults with severe haemophilia B are using continuous tertiary prophylaxis in Canada, a practice likely to increase which warrants further study.
Total ankle replacement in patients with haemophilia and virus infections – a safe alternative to ankle arthrodesis?
Authors: Strauss A. C. , Goldmann G. , Wessling M. , Gravius S. , Müller M. C. , Wimmer M. D. , Wirtz D. C. , Oldenburg J. , Pennekamp P. H. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryDespite reliable results of ankle fusion for advanced haemophilic arthropathy, total ankle replacement (TAR) may be functionally advantageous. There is only very limited literature data available on TAR in patients with haemophilia. The objective of this study is to evaluate the short‐ and mid‐term results after TAR in patients with end‐stage haemophilic ankle arthropathy and concomitant virus infections. In a retrospective study, results after eleven TAR in 10 patients with severe (n = 8) and moderate (n = 2) haemophilia (mean age: 49 ± 7 years, range, 37–59) were evaluated at a mean follow‐up of 3.0 years (range, 1.2–5.4). Nine patients were positive for hepatitis C, five were HIV‐positive. Range of motion (ROM), AOFAS‐hindfoot‐score, pain status (visual analogue scale, VAS) as well as patient satisfaction were evaluated. In two cases deep prosthesis infection occurred leading to the removal of the implant. In the remaining eight patients the mean AOFAS score improved significantly from 21.5 to 68.0 points (P < 0.0005), the VAS score decreased significantly from 7.6 to 1.9 points (P < 0.0005). ROM increased from 23.2 to 25.0 degrees (P = 0.51). At final follow‐up all patients without any complications were satisfied with the postoperative results. Radiographic examination did not reveal any signs of prosthetic loosening. TAR is a viable surgical treatment option in patients with end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis due to haemophilia. It provides significant pain relieve and high patient satisfaction. However, due to the increased risk of infection and lack of long‐term results, TAR particularly in patients with severe haemophilia and virus infections should be indicated carefully.
Utilization of psychotropic drugs prescribed to persons with and without HIV infection: a Danish nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Rasmussen LD , Obel D , Kronborg G , Larsen CS , Pedersen C , Gerstoft J , Obel N 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe objective was to estimate the utilization of psychotropic drugs in HIV‐infected individuals compared with that in the background population.MethodsUsing data obtained from the Danish HIV Cohort Study and the Danish National Prescription Registry, we analysed aggregated data on redeemed prescription of psychotropic drugs during 1995–2009. We primarily focused our analyses on HIV‐infected individuals with no history of injecting drug use (IDU) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Drug utilization was expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 person‐days (DDD/1000PD). The utilization rate ratio (URR) was calculated as utilization in the HIV‐infected cohort compared with that in the comparison cohort. We estimated longitudinal trends in utilization and potential associations with HIV and exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), especially efavirenz.ResultsDuring 1995–2009, 54.5% of the HIV‐infected cohort (3615 non‐IDU/non‐HCV‐infected HIV‐infected individuals) and 29.2% of the comparison cohort (32 535 individuals) had at least one prescription of a psychotropic drug. HIV infection was associated with a URR of 1.13 for antipsychotics, 1.76 for anxiolytics, 4.42 for hypnotics and sedatives, and 2.28 for antidepressants. Antidepressants were confined primarily to men who have sex with men (MSM). Older age, more recent calendar time, and increased time after HIV diagnosis were associated with increased drug utilization. However, no association with exposure to HAART or efavirenz was found.ConclusionsHIV‐infected individuals had a higher utilization of psychotropic drugs than the background population, which was not confined to individuals with a history of IDU or HCV infection. This emphasizes the need to focus on diagnosis of, and appropriate psychopharmacological interventions for, mental disorders in this population.
Cases of Indiscriminate Killing and Society: Toward a Sociological Analysis of Curvatures in Contemporary Society
Authors: Uchida Ryuzo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIndiscriminate killing is regarded as a radically antisocial act for its transgression of the social contract as well as the legal system. However, previous studies of indiscriminate killing have mainly focused on classifying these acts and their subjective aspects rather than analyzing the society producing and narrating about the acts. Therefore, this article aims to examine the correlations between cases of indiscriminate killing and wounding and social space, with reference to the contemporary Japanese society. In general, indiscriminate offenses are discussed within the social space via narratives disseminated or reported by the mass media. Although these narratives are also adopted by the criminal offenders, victims, media, courts and public, many fail to provide a satisfactory explanation for the offense. Instead of following these narrators and simply speculating about the reasons for these offenses, this article analyzes the correlations between antisocial incidents and the systematical realities of a society. Using this approach, this article examines the possibility of constructing an analytical frame of reference that focuses on the figurative, structural and allegorical correspondences between an aggregation of incidents caused by individuals and a society's systematical realities.
Possibility of “Literature” in Sociology
Authors: Hase Masato 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSociology can be both a science and literature. While sociology as science investigates general tendencies of social phenomena through statistical analysis and advances social policies based on the understanding of their objective causes, sociology as literature focuses on the non‐generalizable aspects of an individual event and considers the reasons for the resulting actions of human beings. In this article I examine prominent works in the sociology of literature by three representative Japanese sociologists, Sosuke Mita, Keiichi Sakuta and Shun Inoue, from the 1970s to the early 1980s. After this period, contemporary French philosophy, such as that of Foucault, introduced to Japan during the 1980s, made it clear that literature is nothing more than a social institution that produces interiority in individuals. As a result, sociology as discourse has dominated the intellectual scene in Japan ever since, eclipsing the possibility of sociology as literature, which focuses more on the romantic individual. However, I argue that an alternative possibility for sociology as literature can be found in a sociology of singularity, which grasps the concrete facticity of human activities in ordinary everyday life through reading their descriptions in works of literature.
Walking on the Edge: Towards a Sociography of Discrimination against the Buraku: Lectures on Discrimination in Letter Format
Authors: Miura Kokichiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article demonstrates a new methodological approach to recognize, analyze and write about discrimination against the buraku, which is one form of social discrimination in contemporary Japan. The structural discrimination proposed in this study is based on the concept of relational discrimination, which is derived from fundamental criticisms of the conventional concepts of material and psychological discrimination. Relational discrimination occurs when we are placed in a certain type of relationship and may become accomplices to discrimination or cause it, regardless of whether or not there is any individual prejudice or discriminatory consciousness at work. From this perspective, this article tries to fundamentally re‐examine the binary thinking assumed in conventional sociology that there are minorities (those who are discriminated against) and majorities (those who discriminate against the minority). I focus on the complex ways of being human, and in particular on the transformations that accompany changes in particular relations such as from a person who does not discriminate to one who discriminates against others; from a person who is discriminated against to one who discriminates against others and from a person who is not discriminated against to one who is discriminated against. By focusing on the meaning of the deep suffering of a man who made discriminatory remarks to people living in a buraku community, and of a woman who married into a family living in a buraku community, I try to understand life ethics for people who discriminate and who at the same time are discriminated against.