bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the use of tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite as a chain extender in melt‐blended poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate)/clay nanocomposites: Morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical properties
Authors: González‐Ausejo Jennifer , Sánchez‐Safont Estefania , Gámez‐Pérez José , Cabedo Luis 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe influence of the incorporation of tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite (TNPP) as a chain extender on the morphology and thermal stability of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/clay nanocomposites obtained by melt mixing has been studied. Two different clays have been used: a laminar organomodified montmorillonite (Cloisite® 30B) and a tubular unmodified halloysite (HNT). The morphology of the so‐obtained nanocomposites has been assessed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction, showing a partially exfoliated structure for PHBV/Cloisite® 30B nanocomposites, as well as a good dispersion of the HNT in the PHBV matrix. The crystallinity of the resulting nanocomposites, determined by DSC, does not change when clays or TNPP are added. An increase in the onset temperature of thermal degradation of PHBV has been obtained with the addition of TNPP, as determined by TGA. With regard to the effect of the nanoclays on the thermal stability of PHBV, the onset temperature of the PHBV/HNT nanocomposites is higher than that of the pure PHBV, while this trend is not observed for the nanocomposites containing Cloisite® 30B. The addition of TNPP to the PHBV/Cloisite® 30B nanocomposites resulted in an improved thermal stability; however, for the HNT nanocomposites, the TNPP does not seem to have a significant effect. For all studied systems, it was shown that the variation of mechanical properties of the nanocomposites is due to the reinforcing effect of the nanoclays on the PHBV matrix. In the case of TNPP, it is due to the increased molecular weight and formation of a long‐chain branching structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42390.
Nanoparticle‐loaded UV‐blocking contact lenses
Authors: Gause Samuel , Chauhan Anuj 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWe have developed a novel approach of incorporating UV‐blocking features into contact lenses by dispersing nanoparticles into the lenses. The nanoparticles are prepared by controlling polymerization dynamics using chain terminating and chain transfer agents. A theoretical model is developed to predict the effect of various formulation parameters on the particle size. This approach can produce UV‐blocking nanoparticles of controlled size below 10 nm in diameter with close to 10% conversion. The model predictions for the mean size are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The nanoparticles are cleaned and loaded in silicone hydrogel contact lenses by soaking the lenses in a solution of particles in ethanol and acetone. Lenses loaded with about 6% particles w/w in the hydrated lens block sufficient UV light to be classified as Class 1 blockers. The nanoparticles are retained in the lens during soaking in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and are stable to sterilization by autoclaving. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42495.
Striking a Balance; the Contribution of Forensic Psychotherapy to Imprisoned Women and their Environment
Authors: McGauley Gillian , Bartlett Annie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the UK forensic psychotherapy, with its roots in psychoanalytic thinking and practice, has developed mainly within the National Health System. Consequently its application and potential contribution to the treatment and care of imprisoned women is an under‐investigated area. This paper describes characteristics of the population of women in prison, the extent of their health and social care needs and sets this against societal representations of women offenders. Dynamic psychotherapy in women's prisons must maintain an awareness of the women's issues and the social life of the prison. Drawing on work in the 2 largest women's prisons in the UK we focus on the contribution forensic psychotherapy, as one component of the health care service, can make to the care of these women and to their environment. We describe how the external world of the criminal justice system and prison environment and the internal world of the women can interact, either resonating with or habituating to each other. We propose that, when working to help imprisoned women understand their minds and the actions that flow from their psychic states, the forensic psychotherapist needs to strike a balance between helping patients integrate split off mental states and experiences that are traumatic while ensuring that these experiences do not overwhelm the mind of the patient, staff and institution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rationally Designed Thymidine‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayer on a Gold Electrode for Electroanalytical Applications
Authors: Datta Dhrubajyoti , Bera Raj Kumar , Jana Saibal , Manna Bhaskar , Roy Debayan , Anoop Anakuthil , Raj C. Retna , Pathak Tanmaya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of 1‐(3,5‐epidithio‐2,3,5‐trideoxy‐β‐d‐threo‐pentofuranosyl)thymine (EFT) on a gold electrode was prepared and characterized by Raman spectral and electrochemical measurements. Voltammetric and electrochemical impedance measurements show that the SAM of EFT on a Au electrode impedes the electron‐transfer reaction. The SAM of EFT was successfully used for the voltammetric sensing of urate in neutral solution. The coexisting ascorbate anion does not interfere and therefore the EFT‐based electrode was able to quantify urate at the micromolar level in the presence of a large excess amount of ascorbate. To demonstrate the practical applications, the amount of urate in two different human serum samples was quantified by using the EFT‐based electrode; the results are in good agreement with those determined by the clinical method. DFT calculations show that both ascorbate and urate have noncovalent interactions including hydrogen‐bonding interactions with EFT.
Selective Growth and Structural Analysis of Regular MnO Nanooctapods Bearing Multiple High‐Index Surface Facets
Authors: Shin Dongwoo , Kim Mijong , Song Hyunjoon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough numerous morphologies of MnO nanostructures have been reported, an exact structural analysis and mechanistic study has been lacking. In the present study, the formation of regular MnO octapods was demonstrated in a simple procedure, comprising the thermal decomposition of manganese oleate. Because of their structural uniformity, an ideal three‐dimensional model was successfully constructed. The eight arms protruded from the cubic center with tip angles of 38° and surface facets of {311} and {533} with rounded edges. The concentrations of oleate and chloride ions were the determining factors for the octapod formation. Selective coordination of the oleate ions to the {100} faces led to edge growth along the <111> direction, which was then limited by the chloride ions bound to the high‐index surface facets. These structural and mechanistic analyses should be helpful for understanding the complex nanostructures and for tuning their structure‐related properties.
Capturing C90 Isomers as CF3 Derivatives: C90(30)(CF3)14, C90(35)(CF3)16/18, and C90(45)(CF3)16/18
Authors: Tamm Nadezhda B. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHigh‐temperature trifluoromethylation of a C90 isomeric mixture with CF3I followed by HPLC separation of C90(CF3)n isomers resulted in the isolation of several individual C90(CF3)14−18 compounds. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction with the use of synchrotron radiation resulted in the structure determination of C90(30)(CF3)14, C90(35)(CF3)16/18, and C90(45)(CF3)16/18. Their addition patterns are discussed and compared with the known isomers C90(30)(CF3)18 and C90(35)(CF3)14, respectively. The presence of the most stable C90 isomer, C90(45), in the fullerene soot has been confirmed for the first time.
Review backbone N‐modified peptides: How to meet the challenge of secondary amine acylation
Authors: Fernández‐Llamazares Ana I. , Spengler Jan , Albericio Fernando 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBackbone N‐substitution of peptides (N‐Me and N‐alkyl) has become of special interest as a chemical tool for peptide lead modification, either to improve biological activity or to optimize key pharmacokinetic characteristics. For the synthesis of backbone N‐methylated peptides, many protocols have been developed already, yet some effort often has to be made to find appropriate conditions for the acylation of N‐Me residues. Fewer examples are reported of peptides with other backbone N‐substituents different than N‐Me, and their synthesis is frequently reported as difficult. The synthesis of such peptides becomes more difficult as the size of the N‐substituent increases. Coupling methods that work for the synthesis of N‐methylated peptides were often found to fail when applied to peptides with larger N‐substituents. This review addresses the challenges of the synthesis of backbone N‐modified peptides, focusing on N‐substituents larger than the N‐Me group. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 435–452, 2015.
Validity of a cross-specialty test in basic laparoscopic techniques (TABLT)
Authors: Thinggaard E , Bjerrum F , Strandbygaard J , Gögenur I , Konge L 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Box trainer systems have been developed that include advanced skills such as suturing. There is still a need for a portable, cheap training and testing system for basic laparoscopic techniques that can be used across different specialties before performing supervised surgery on patients. The aim of this study was to establish validity evidence for the Training and Assessment of Basic Laparoscopic Techniques (TABLT) test, a tablet-based training system.

Methods
Laparoscopic surgeons and trainees were recruited from departments of general surgery, gynaecology and urology. Participants included novice, intermediate and experienced surgeons. All participants performed the TABLT test. Performance scores were calculated based on time taken and errors made. Evidence of validity was explored using a contemporary framework of validity.

Results
Some 60 individuals participated. The TABLT was shown to be reliable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0·99 (P &lt; 0·001). ANOVA showed a difference between the groups with different level of experience (P &lt; 0·001). The Bonferroni correction was used to confirm this finding. A Pearson's r value of 0·73 (P &lt; 0·001) signified a good positive correlation between the level of laparoscopic experience and performance score. A reasonable pass–fail standard was established using contrasting groups methods.

Conclusion
TABLT can be used for the assessment of basic laparoscopic skills and can help novice surgical trainees in different specialties gain basic laparoscopic competencies.
The stability of water‐ and fat‐soluble vitamin in dentifrices according to pH level and storage type
Authors: Park Jung‐Eun , Kim Ki‐Eun , Choi Yong‐Jun , Park Yong‐Duk , Kwon Ha‐Jeong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the vitamin stabilities in dentifrices by analyzing various vitamins according to the level and storage temperature. The stabilities of water‐ and fat‐soluble vitamins were investigated in buffer solution at different pH values (4, 7, 8, 10 and 11) for 14 days and in dentifrices at different pH (7 and 10) for 5 months at two temperature conditions (room and refrigeration temperature) by analyzing the remaining amounts using HPLC methods. In the buffer solution, the stability of vitamins B1, B6 and C was increased as the pH values increased. Vitamins E and K showed poor stability at pH 4, and vitamin B3 showed poor stability at pH 11. In dentifrices, the storage temperature highly influenced vitamin stability, especially vitamins C and E, but the stabilities of vitamins B1 and C according to pH values did not correspond to the buffer solution tests. Vitamin B group was relatively stable in dentifrices, but vitamin C completely disappeared after 5 months. Vitamin K showed the least initial preservation rates. Vitamins were not detected in commercial dentifrices for adults and detected amounts were less than the advertised contents in dentifrices for children. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant effects of Agastache rugosa Kuntze (Banga) flower, leaf, stem and root
Authors: Desta Kebede Taye , Kim Gon‐Sup , Kim Yun‐Hi , Lee Won Sup , Lee Soo Jung , Jin Jong Sung , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han , Shin Sung Chul 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAgastache rugosa Kuntze (Korean mint) is used as a spice and in folk medicine in East Asia. The present study identified a total of 18 polyphenols from the flower, leaf, stem and roots of this plant using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Fourteen of these compounds had not previously been identified in these plant tissues. Each polyphenol was validated in comparison with external calibration curves constructed using structurally related compounds, with determination coefficients >0.9993. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.092–0.650 and 0.307–2.167 mg/L, respectively. Recoveries of 61.92–116.44% were observed at two spiking levels, with 0.91–11% precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (except anthraquinone spiked at 10 mg/L). Hydroxycinnamic acid was the most abundant compound in the root, while the flowers showed the highest total flavonoid level. Antioxidant activities, determined in terms of reducing power, Fe2+ chelating activity and the radical scavenging activities using α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl and 2‐2ʹ‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid, increased in a concentration‐dependent manner; the highest activity was identified in the stems, followed by leaves > flowers > roots. These findings indicate that A. rugosa is a good source of bioactive compounds and can be used as a functional food. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Utilities of Chemical Reactions and Molecular Tools for O‐GlcNAc Proteomic Studies
Authors: Kim Eun Ju 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe post‐translational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and is associated with the pathological progression of chronic diseases. Considering its emerging biological significance, systematic identification, site mapping, and quantification of O‐GlcNAc proteins are essential and have led to the development of several approaches for O‐GlcNAc protein profiling. This minireview mainly focuses on the various useful chemical reactions and molecular tools with detailed reaction mechanisms widely adopted for O‐GlcNAc protein/peptide enrichment and its quantification for comprehensive O‐GlcNAc protein profiling.
Iliopsoas abscess in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maines Evelina , Franceschi Roberto , Cauvin Vittoria , d'Annunzio Giuseppe , Pini Prato Alessio , Castagnola Elio , Di Palma Annunziata 
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical MessageIliopsoas abscesses have been reported in adult diabetic patients, but only one case has been so far reported in the pediatric diabetic literature. We report three cases of iliopsoas abscesses in three adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that an increased awareness of this condition is required for its early recognition and prompt treatment.
Brentuximab vedotin in the treatment of a patient with refractory Hodgkin disease and Proteus syndrome – a case report and discussion
Authors: Myakova Natalia , Smirnova Nadezhda , Evstratov Dmitry , Abugova Yulia , Balashov Dmitry , Diakonova Yulia , Konovalov Dmitry , Skvortsova Yulia , Maschan Alexey 
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical MessageTreatment of patients with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma is a significant issue. We report a patient with Proteus syndrome and relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma, whose remission was finally achieved after brentuximab vedotin therapy, allowing her to receive a haploidentical stem cell transplant. The possible relationship between both disorders was discussed.
Convulsion and cerebellar ataxia associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness: a case report
Authors: Imamura Tomomi , Konno Shingo , Inoue Masashi , Murata Mayumi , Nakazora Hiroshi , Sugimoto Hideki , Fujioka Toshiki 
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical MessageConvulsion in diabetics is often considered as a result from fluctuation of blood glucose level. However, if a diabetic patient also presents abnormal neurological signs, mitochondrial diseases need to be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Controlled Synthesis of Ultrathin Lanthanide Oxide Nanosheets and Their Promising pH‐Controlled Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Ge Juan , Xue Yumeng , Lei Bo , Yan Dong , Li Na , Liu Zhengqing , Du Yaping , Cai Ren 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVarious lanthanide oxides (Sm2O3 and Gd2O3) nanostructures were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The loss of surfactants on the nanocrystals surface, followed by the resultant assembly is responsible for the formation of ultrathin nanosheets. Owing to strong surface effects, the different morphologies of the Sm2O3:5 % Eu and Gd2O3:5 % Eu nanocrystals present unique photoluminescence properties. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the as‐obtained Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 ultrathin nanosheets exhibit promising pH‐controlled anticancer drug‐delivery behavior.
Photoregulation of α‐Chymotrypsin Activity by Spiropyran‐Based Inhibitors in Solution and Attached to an Optical Fiber
Authors: Zhang Xiaozhou , Heng Sabrina , Abell Andrew. D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHere the synthesis and characterization of a new class of spiropyran‐based protease inhibitor is reported that can be reversibly photoswitched between an active spiropyran (SP) isomer and a less active merocyanine (MC) isomer upon irradiation with UV and visible light, respectively, both in solution and on a surface of a microstructured optical fiber (MOF). The most potent inhibitor in the series (SP‐3 b) has a C‐terminal phenylalanyl‐based α‐ketoester group and inhibits α‐chymotrypsin with a Ki of 115 nM. An analogue containing a C‐terminal Weinreb amide (SP‐2 d) demonstrated excellent stability and photoswitching in solution and was attached to the surface of a MOF. The SP isomer of Weinreb amide 2 d is a competitive reversible inhibitor in solution and also on fiber, while the corresponding MC isomer was significantly less active in both media. The ability of this new class of spiropyran‐based protease inhibitor to modulate enzyme activity on a MOF paves the way for sensing applications.
Iodine(III)‐Mediated para‐Selective Direct Imidation of Anilides
Authors: Pialat Amélie , Bergès Julien , Sabourin Axel , Vinck Robin , Liégault Benoît , Taillefer Marc 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe direct, nucleophilic imidation of acetanilide derivatives has been performed under mild, iodine(III)‐mediated or ‐catalyzed conditions, employing lithium triflimide as the nitrogen source. The reaction exhibits exclusive regioselectivity for the para position and shows a good tolerance for varied functional groups at both the ortho or meta positions. Preliminary mechanistic data suggest that the LiNTf2 reagent plays a key role in the reactivity.
Establishment and Evaluation of the Novel Tetramethylammonium‐L‐Hydroxyproline Chiral Ionic Liquid Synergistic System Based on Clindamycin Phosphate for Enantioseparation by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Guangfu , Du Yingxiang , Du Fan , Chen Jiaquan , Yu Tao , Zhang Qi , Zhang Jinjing , Du Shuaijing , Feng Zijie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMuch attention has been paid to chiral ionic liquids (ILs) in analytical chemistry, especially its application in capillary electrophoresis (CE) enantioseparation. However, the investigation of chiral ionic liquids synergistic systems based on antibiotic chiral selectors has been reported in only one article. In this work, a novel chiral ionic liquid, tetramethylammonium‐L‐hydroxyproline (TMA‐L‐Hyp), was applied for the first time in CE chiral separation to evaluate its potential synergistic effect with clindamycin phosphate (CP) as the chiral selector. As observed, significantly improved separation was obtained in this TMA‐L‐Hyp/CP synergistic system compared to TMA‐L‐Hyp or a CP single system. Several primary factors that might influence the separation were investigated, including CP concentration, TMA‐L‐Hyp concentration, buffer pH, types and concentrations of organic modifier, applied voltage, and capillary temperature. The best results were obtained with a 40 mM borax buffer (pH 7.6) containing 30 mM TMA‐L‐Hyp, 80 mM CP, and 20% (v/v) methanol, while the applied voltage and temperature were set at 20 kV and 20°C, respectively. Chirality 27:598–604, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probing the Primary Photochemical Processes of Octahedral Iron(V) Formation with Femtosecond Mid‐infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Torres‐Alacan Joel , Lindner Jörg , Vöhringer Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSpecies containing iron at an oxidation state higher than +III are often termed “high‐valent iron” and are considered to be key catalytic intermediates in biochemistry. Here, we report the direct time‐domain probing of the photochemical formation of an octahedral nitrido iron(V) complex through dinitrogen cleavage from an diazido iron(III) precursor by using femtosecond mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. From the time‐resolved vibrational spectra, a mechanism is suggested for the photooxidation of the metal within 10 ps. This mechanism involves an initial ultrafast non‐adiabatic transition, followed by a quasithermal NN bond rupture on the ground‐state surface.
Cyclopamine–Paclitaxel‐Containing Nanoparticles: Internalization in Cells Detected by Confocal and Super‐Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Fumagalli Gaia , Mazza Davide , Christodoulou Michael S. , Damia Giovanna , Ricci Francesca , Perdicchia Dario , Stella Barbara , Dosio Franco , Sotiropoulou Panagiota A. , Passarella Daniele 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCyclopamine‐ and paclitaxel‐containing hetero‐nanoparticles generated by self‐assembly show combined efficacy in the treatment of three different cancer cell lines. The use of ternary combination with the addition of a dye‐squalene conjugate secured the obtainment of fluorescent nanoparticles that permitted the observation of the cellular internalization by confocal microscopy and super‐resolution dSTORM (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy).
Spin‐Crossover Nano‐ and Micrometric Rod‐Shaped Particles Synthesized in Homogeneous Acid Media
Authors: Peng Haonan , Molnár Gábor , Salmon Lionel , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAcidic conditions have been used for the elaboration of spin‐crossover (SCO) nano‐ and microparticles of BF4 derivatives of a (triazole)iron complex. Modifying both the acid (HBF4) concentration and the synthetic method (reaction and evaporation rate), rods of various sizes ranging from 100 nm to ca. 50 μm were obtained. The morphologies of the particles were probed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution transmission electronic microscopy coupled quantified energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (HRTEM‐EDX), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the fine compositions of the different samples. All these characterizations revealed a correlation between the size of the rod‐shape particles and their composition, the smaller rods corresponding to the [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) complex (form A; Htrz = 1,2,4‐triazole and trz = 1,2,4‐triazolato), and the larger ones to the [Fe(Htrz)3](BF4)2·3H2O derivative (form B). The SCO properties were investigated by optical, magnetic, and Mössbauer measurements.