bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patagial morphology of Draco volans (Reptilia: Agamidae) and the origin of glissant locomotion in flying dragons
Authors: Russell Anthony P. , Dijkstra Luke D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe integrative patagial morphology of Draco volans was examined to elucidate the possible evolutionary pathway of origin of active patagia in the flying dragons and in extinct taxa that are thought to have possessed similarly constructed flight membranes. The area of the patagia and accessory aerodynamic surfaces is compared between Draco volans and Ptychozoon kuhli, a gekkonid with passive patagia. Comparisons of patagial area are also made between selected species of Draco. Scale architecture of the patagium of Draco is described and is related to pertinent aspects of the structure and properties of the integument. The relationships of these characteristics to the morphology of the ribs and their related musculature are emphasized. The overall assessment of these features in relation to patagial form is employed to develop an evolutionary scenario for the origin of active patagia.
Breeding seasons of seabirds at Europa Island (southern Mozambique Channel) in relation to seasonal changes in the marine environment
Authors: Le Corre Matthieu 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTropical seabirds have evolved a wide range of breeding regimes to fit with their local environment. The western Indian Ocean shows various oceanic situations, providing opportunities to link variations in breeding phenology with variations of the environment. The breeding seasons of seabirds at Europa Island (Mozambique Channel, western Indian Ocean) are analysed. Three oceanic, tuna‐associated species (the sooty tern Sterna fuscata, the red‐footed booby Sula sula, and Audubon's shearwater Puffinus lherminieri) breed during austral winter (June–October), whereas the red‐tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda breeds during austral summer (November–April). During winter, sea‐surface temperatures are the lowest, subtropical waters are the closest to the island, and long‐line catches of tunas are important. Thermal fronts occur during winter, in relation to the northward shift of subtropical waters. This is known to be favourable to tunas, and I suggest that the winter breeding of sooty terns, red‐footed boobies and Audubon's shearwaters is because of an increase in the abundance of tunas. Geographic variations in the breeding phenology of sooty terns in the western Indian Ocean largely support the hypothesis that sooty terns take advantage of cool subtropical waters, when those waters are within their foraging range. The red‐tailed tropicbird is a solitary forager, not associated with tunas. During the chick‐rearing period, 40% of the mass of food brought to the chicks consists of dolphin‐fishes Coryphaena spp. Those warm water, surface dwelling fishes are known to migrate in relation to sea‐surface temperatures. Seasonal changes in the occurrence or vulnerability of dolphin‐fish in the Mozambique Channel may have favoured a summer breeding regime in red‐tailed tropicbirds at Europa Island. Further studies of the marine life of seabirds are needed to test these hypotheses and to learn more about the foraging ecology of tropical seabirds.
Evidence for the occurrence of rumination‐like behaviour, or merycism, in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, Goldfuss)
Authors: Logan M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper provides the first account of merycism in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), and in doing so, potentially sheds new light on the occurrence and significance of this behaviour in other herbivorous marsupials. Koalas fitted with acoustically sensitive transmitters, to monitor mastication and ingestive behaviour, were also found to make bouts of rhythmic ‘mastication‐like’ noises that were not associated with ingestive feeding events. On average, these bouts consisted of 9.16 ‘mastications’, at an average rate of 1.21 ‘mastications’ per second, and occurred 53.3 times throughout a 24‐h period. Furthermore, bouts were usually preceded by, and always followed by, a series of ‘creaky’, guttural noises that were interpreted as regurgitation and re‐swallowing, respectively. Merycism may allow koalas to periodically re‐masticate gastric digesta, while in a resting position, and thus potentially save energy and increase the extent of food preparation. Consequently, merycism may contribute to the koala's ability to consume a high fibre, poor quality diet.
General synthetic domain theory – a logical approach
Authors: REUS BERNHARD , STREICHER THOMAS 
Published: July 2002

Synthetic domain theory (SDT) is a version of Domain Theory where ‘all functions are

continuous’. Following the original suggestion of Dana Scott, several approaches to SDT

have been developed that are logical or categorical, axiomatic or model-oriented in character

and that are either specialised towards Scott domains or aim at providing a general theory

axiomatising the structure common to the various notions of domains studied so far.In Reus and Streicher (1993), Reus (1995) and Reus (1998), we have developed a logical and

axiomatic version of SDT, which is special in the sense that it captures the essence of

Domain Theory à la Scott but rules out, for example, Stable Domain Theory, as it requires

order on function spaces to be pointwise. In this article we will give a logical and axiomatic

account of a general SDT with the aim of grasping the structure common to all notions of

domains.As in loc.cit., the underlying logic is a sufficiently expressive version of constructive type

theory. We start with a few basic axioms giving rise to a core theory on top of which we

study various notions of predomains (such as, for example, complete and well-complete

S-spaces (Longley and Simpson 1997)), define the appropriate notion of domain and verify

the usual induction principles of domain theory.Although each domain carries a logically definable ‘specialization order’, we avoid

order-theoretic notions as much as possible in the formulation of axioms and theorems. The

reason is that the order on function spaces cannot be required to be pointwise, as this would

rule out the model of stable domains à la Berry.The consequent use of logical language – understood as the internal language of some

categorical model of type theory – avoids the irritating coexistence of the internal and the

external view pervading purely categorical approaches. Therefore, the paper is aimed at

providing an elementary introduction to synthetic domain theory, albeit requiring some

knowledge of basic type theory.
A Characterization of GEM Distributions
Authors: GNEDIN ALEXANDER , KEROV SERGEI 
Published: July 2002

Let (Xn) be a residual allocation model with i.i.d. residual fractions
Un: For W a random
variable with values in [0; 1] and independent of (Xn),
we define another sequence (Yn) by setting(formula here)Under minor regularity assumptions we show that (Xn) and (Yn)
have the same probability law if and only if this law is a GEM distribution. In this case, the distribution of W
and the Uns is Beta(1; θ) for some θ > 0.
A comparison of Meteosat rainfall estimation techniques in Kenya
Authors: Tucker M R , Sear C B 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTwo methods for estimating ten‐day rainfall totals from Meteosat infra‐red imagery were compared for the April–June 1996 ‘long rains’ of Kenya in an area covering the eastern highlands and the Tana and Athi river basins. One of these (the Bristol ‘B4’ method) was then used for rainfall estimation for the whole of Kenya, for November 1996 and the other, the TAMSAT ‘Cold Cloud Duration’ (CCD) method was used to estimate rainfall for the whole of Kenya for November 1997 to April 1998. April–June 1996 was an unusual season with very few large rainstorms. For this comparison period the B4 method gave better estimates of actual rainfall than the TAMSAT method because it used a variable cold cloud threshold temperature and ongoing calibration against rain gauge data. Comparison of ten‐day CCD totals with rainfall for the 1997–1998 period indicated that using the TAMSAT method gave best rainfall estimates for the arid and semi‐arid areas of eastern and northern Kenya and for months other than the main rainy season months of November and April. Both methods could be used successfully to identify periods with well below or well above average rainfall even over highland areas, and they are therefore useful for providing food security early warnings. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Problems and solutions for drawing fronts objectively
Authors: McCann Donald W , Whistler James P 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA recent requirement charged to the Aviation Weather Center (AWC) is to produce significant weather charts for aviation users with, among other forecast products, forecast locations of significant fronts. To increase forecaster productivity, the AWC decided to evaluate the possibility that fronts should be first drawn objectively. Hewson (1998) describes the basic technique which uses a variation on the Renard & Clarke (1965) frontal locator function to find the fronts. The AWC had to overcome many problems in implementing Hewson's techniques. This paper illuminates the problems and describes the AWC solutions. As a result of the AWC's success, objective frontal analyses and forecasts are now a reality, and the productivity of forecasters increased. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
rPatterns of mtDNA and microsatellite variation in an island and mainland population of guanacos in southern Chile
Authors: Sarno Ronald J. , Franklin William L. , O'Brien Stephen J. , Johnson Warren E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe archaeological record indicates that guanacos inhabited the Patagonia of Chile and Argentina about 13,600 years ago, but were unable to migrate further south owing to the presence of glacial and water barriers that covered much of southern South America including the island of Tierra del Fuego. As environmental and ecological conditions improved, guanacos, along with other large mammals including horses, colonized the area. As a result of continued world‐wide glacial melting, ocean levels rose and Tierra del Fuego became isolated from the mainland approximately 8000 years ago. Although island populations generally exhibit lower levels of genetic variation than their counterpart mainland populations, it is difficult to predict how much less variation island populations will exhibit. An analysis of mitochondrial cytochromeband ATPase‐8 sequences and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci revealed that both populations retained appreciable genetic diversity. The island population, however, exhibited much less variation than the mainland population. Measures of genetic variation revealed modest, but significant genetic differentiation, consistent with separation of the two populations approximately 8000 years ago. The assessment of levels of genetic diversity and population differentiation among populations of the wild South American camelids is becoming increasingly important as interest mounts in their utilization as a renewable resource.
Life in the puddle: behavioural and life‐cycle adaptations in the Diptera of tropical rain pools
Authors: McLACHLAN ATHOL , LADLE RICHARD 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTPuddles of rain water on the surfaces of rock exposures are a little known but very common habitat for freshwater‐dwelling animals. In Africa, these are inhabited by the larvae of two taxa of fly unique to these pools. One of these includes species able to survive dry periods in situ; the other includes species that must reach adulthood and migrate to survive periods when the pool is dry. Hence, the opportunity exists for a comparative study of adaptation among these species. Since puddles are small, our principal method in the study of adaptation has been the experimental manipulation of puddles and their faunas in the wild. Using this method we were able to identify the spatial consistency of pools and their unpredictable duration during the rainy season as the main selective pressure shaping adaptation. Adaptations include diapause and adaptive adjustment of the life cycle. It is the second of these that provides the focus of our interest here.
Identifying Potential Tumor Markers and Antigens by Database Mining and Rapid Expression Screening
Authors: Loging W. Troy , Lal Anita , Siu I-Mei , Loney Tania L. , Wikstrand Carol J. , Marra Marco A. , Prange Christa , Bigner Darell D. , Strausberg Robert L. , Riggins Gregory J. 
Published: July 2002

Genes expressed specifically in malignant tissue may have potential as therapeutic targets but have been difficult to locate for most cancers. The information hidden within certain public databases can reveal RNA transcripts specifically expressed in transformed tissue. To be useful, database information must be verified and a more complete pattern of tissue expression must be demonstrated. We tested database mining plus rapid screening by fluorescent-PCR expression comparison (F-PEC) as an approach to locate candidate brain tumor antigens. Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) data was mined for genes highly expressed in glioblastoma multiforme. From 13 mined genes, seven showed potential as possible tumor markers or antigens as determined by further expression profiling. Now that large-scale expression information is readily available for many of the commonly occurring cancers, other candidate tumor markers or antigens could be located and evaluated with this approach.[The expression data described in this paper have been submitted to the NCBI SAGEmap database under library name SAGE_Duke_GBM_H1110, SAGE_pooled_GBM, SAGE_BB542_whitematter, and SAGE_normal_pool(6th).]
Human and Mouse α-Synuclein Genes: Comparative Genomic Sequence Analysis and Identification of a Novel Gene Regulatory Element
Authors: Touchman Jeffrey W. , Dehejia Anindya , Chiba-Falek Ornit , Cabin Deborah E. , Schwartz Jody R. , Orrison Bonnie M. , Polymeropoulos Mihael H. , Nussbaum Robert L. 
Published: July 2002

The human α-synuclein gene (SNCA) encodes a presynaptic nerve terminal protein that was originally identified as a precursor of the non-β-amyloid component of Alzheimer's disease plaques. More recently, mutations in SNCA have been identified in some cases of familial Parkinson's disease, presenting numerous new areas of investigation for this important disease. Molecular studies would benefit from detailed information about the long-range sequence context of SNCA. To that end, we have established the complete genomic sequence of the chromosomal regions containing the human and mouse α-synuclein genes, with the objective of using the resulting sequence information to identify conserved regions of biological importance through comparative sequence analysis. These efforts have yielded ∼146 and ∼119 kb of high-accuracy human and mouse genomic sequence, respectively, revealing the precise genetic architecture of the α-synuclein gene in both species. A simple repeat element upstream of SNCA/Snca has been identified and shown to be necessary for normal expression in transient transfection assays using a luciferase reporter construct. Together, these studies provide valuable data that should facilitate more detailed analysis of this medically important gene.[The genomic DNA sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. AF163864 (human) and AF163865 (mouse).]
The 5′-Untranslated Region of the ntp303 Gene Strongly Enhances Translation during Pollen Tube Growth, But Not during Pollen Maturation
Authors: Hulzink Raymond J.M. , de Groot Peter F.M. , Croes Anton F. , Quaedvlieg William , Twell Dave , Wullems George J. , van Herpen Marinus M.A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Transcripts of the ntp303 gene accumulate abundantly throughout pollen development, whereas the protein only accumulates to detectable levels after pollen germination. In an attempt to explain the divergence in the accumulation profiles of the mRNA and the protein, we investigated the role of the untranslated regions (UTRs) in enhancing ntp303 translation during the transition from developing to germinating pollen. Luciferase reporter gene fusion constructs containing the ntp3035′-UTR gave rise to luciferase activity that was up to 60-fold higher during pollen tube growth than that of constructs containing different 5′-UTRs. No apparent differences in the luciferase activity of these constructs were observed during pollen development. Thentp303 5′-UTR-mediated increase in luciferase activity was not significantly influenced by coding region or 3′-UTR sequences. Furthermore, enhanced luciferase activity directed by thentp303 5′-UTR occurred predominantly at the post-transcriptional level. A series of 5′-UTR deletion constructs was created to identify putative regulatory sequences required for the high level of translation during pollen tube growth. Two predicted stem loop structures (H-I and H-II) caused a complete inhibition of the enhanced translation after their total or partial deletion. A (GAA)8repeat within the H-I stem loop structure was demonstrated to be important for the modulation of translation efficiency. The H-II stem loop structure was found to be essential for the determination of mRNA stability.
Interaction of a Potential Vacuolar Targeting Receptor with Amino- and Carboxyl-Terminal Targeting Determinants
Authors: Kirsch T. , Saalbach G. , Raikhel N. V. , Beevers L. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A protein of 80 kD from developing pea (Pisum sativum) cotyledons has previously been shown to exhibit characteristics of a vacuolar targeting receptor by means of its affinity for the amino-terminal vacuolar targeting sequence of proaleurain from barley (Hordeum vulgare). In this report we show that the same protein also binds to the amino-terminal targeting peptide of prosporamin from sweet potato (lpomoea batatas) and to the carboxyl-terminal targeting determinant of pro-2S albumin from Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). The receptor protein does not bind to the carboxyl-terminal propeptide (representing the targeting sequence) of barley lectin. The binding of the 80-kD protein to the sporamin determinant involves a motif (NPIR) that has been shown to be crucial for vacuolar targeting in vivo. The binding to the carboxyl-terminal targeting determinant of pro-2S albumin appears to involve the carboxyl-terminal propeptide and the adjacent five amino acids of the mature protein. The 80-kD protein does not bind to peptide sequences that have been shown to be incompetent in directing vacuolar targeting.
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detection of Interactions of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase with C1-Tetrahydrofolate Synthase and Glycine Decarboxylase Complex Activities in Arabidopsis
Authors: Prabhu V. , Chatson K. B. , Abrams G. D. , King J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
In C3 plants, serine synthesis is associated with photorespiratory glycine metabolism involving the tetrahydrofolate (THF)-dependent activities of the glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC) and serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT). Alternatively, THF-dependent serine synthesis can occur via the C1-THF synthase/SHMT pathway. We used 13C nuclear magnetic resonance to examine serine biosynthesis by these two pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia wild type. We confirmed the tight coupling of the GDC/SHMT system and observed directly in a higher plant the flux of formate through the C1-THF synthase/SHMT system. The accumulation of 13C-enriched serine over 24 h from the GDC/SHMT activities was 4-fold greater than that from C1-THF synthase/SHMT activities. Our experiments strongly suggest that the two pathways operate independently in Arabidopsis. Plants exposed to methotrexate and sulfanilamide, powerful inhibitors of THF biosynthesis, reduced serine synthesis by both pathways. The results suggest that continuous supply of THF is essential to maintain high rates of serine metabolism. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for the examination of THF-mediated metabolism in its natural cellular environment.
Primary Structure and Effect of pH on the Expression of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase from Dunaliella acidophila and Dunaliella salina
Authors: Weiss M. , Pick U. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase gene was cloned and sequenced from the extremely acidophilic green alga Dunaliella acidophila and from the extremely halotolerant Dunaliella salina. A special feature of the Dunaliella H+-ATPases is an extended C-terminal domain. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two proteins are 75% identical but differ in their C terminus. A hydrophilic loop within this domain in D. salina, which presumably faces the cell exterior, has a high ratio of acidic over basic amino acids, typical of halophilic proteins. The amount of the ATPase protein in plasma membranes and the level of its mRNA transcript in D. acidophila are far higher than in D. salina, suggesting that D. acidophila overexpresses the enzyme. A pH shift from 9.0 to 7.0 induces in D. salina a large increase in the level of the H+-ATPase mRNA and in the amount of the H+-ATPase protein. This suggests that the expression of the H+-ATPase in D. salina is pH-regulated at the transcriptional level. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the adaptive pressures imposed on these algal species by their exceptional environmental conditions.
Molecular Cloning of the Cowpea Leghemoglobin II Gene and Expression of Its cDNA in Escherichia coli (Purification and Characterization of the Recombinant Protein)
Authors: Arredondo-Peter R. , Moran J. F. , Sarath G. , Luan P. , Klucas R. V. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) nodules contain three leghemoglobins (LbI, LbII and LbIII) that are encoded by at least two genes. We have cloned and sequenced the gene that encodes for LbII (lbII), the most abundant Lb in cowpea nodules, using total DNA as the template for PCR. Primers were designed using the sequence of the soybean lbc gene. The lbII gene is 679 bp in length and codes for a predicted protein of 145 amino acids. Using sequences of the cowpea lbII gene for the synthesis of primers and total nodule RNA as the template, we cloned a cDNA for LbII into a constitutive expression vector (pEMBL19+) and then expressed it in Escherichia coli. Recombinant LbII (rLbII) and native LbII (nLbII) from cowpea nodules were purified to homogeneity using standard techniques. Properties of rLbII were compared with nLbII by partially sequencing the proteins and by sodium dodecyl sulfate- and isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western-blot analysis using anti-soybean Lba antibodies, tryptic and chymotryptic mapping, and spectrophotometric techniques. The data showed that the structural and spectral characteristics of rLbII and nLbII were similar. The rLbII was reversibly oxygenated/deoxygenated, showing that it is a functional hemoglobin.