bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation and concentration of CO2 from air using a humidity-driven molten-carbonate membrane
Authors: Metcalfe Ian S. , Mutch Greg A. , Papaioannou Evangelos I. , Tsochataridou Sotiria , Neagu Dragos , Brett Dan J. L. , Iacoviello Francesco , Miller Thomas S. , Shearing Paul R. , Hunt Patricia A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeparation processes are substantially more difficult when the species to be separated is highly dilute. To perform any dilute separation, thermodynamic and kinetic limitations must be overcome. Here we report a molten-carbonate membrane that can ‘pump’ CO2 from a 400 ppm input stream (representative of air) to an output stream with a higher concentration of CO2, by exploiting ambient energy in the form of a humidity difference. The substantial H2O concentration difference across the membrane drives CO2 permeation ‘uphill’ against its own concentration difference, analogous to active transport in biological membranes. The introduction of this H2O concentration difference also results in a kinetic enhancement that boosts the CO2 flux by an order of magnitude even as the CO2 input stream concentration is decreased by three orders of magnitude from 50% to 400 ppm. Computational modelling shows that this enhancement is due to the H2O-mediated formation of carriers within the molten salt that facilitate rapid CO2 transport.
Genomic Reference Resource for African Cattle: Genome Sequences and High-Density Array Variants
Authors: Tijjani Abdulfatai , Kambal Sumaya , Terefe Endashaw , Njeru Regina , Ogugo Moses , Ndambuki Gideon , Missohou Ayao , Traore Amadou , Salim Bashir , Ezeasor Chukwunonso , D’andre H. Claire , Obishakin Emmanuel T. , Diallo Boubacar , Talaki Essodina , Abdoukarim Issaka Y. , Nash Oyekanmi , Osei-Amponsah Richard , Ravaorimanana Simeone , Issa Youssouf , Zegeye Tsadkan , Mukasa Christopher , Tiambo Christian , Prendergast James G. D. , Kemp Stephen J. , Han Jianlin , Marshall Karen , Hanotte Olivier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe diversity in genome resources is fundamental to designing genomic strategies for local breed improvement and utilisation. These resources also support gene discovery and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of resilience with applications beyond local breeds. Here, we report the genome sequences of 555 cattle (208 of which comprise new data) and high-density (HD) array genotyping of 1,082 samples (537 new samples) from indigenous African cattle populations. The new sequences have an average genome coverage of ~30X, three times higher than the average (~10X) of the over 300 sequences already in the public domain. Following variant quality checks, we identified approximately 32.3 million sequence variants and 661,943 HD autosomal variants mapped to the Bos taurus reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2). The new datasets were generated as part of the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH) Genomic Reference Resource for African Cattle (GRRFAC) initiative, which aspires to facilitate the generation of this livestock resource and hopes for its utilisation for complete indigenous breed characterisation and sustainable global livestock improvement.
Numerical analysis of stresses on angular contact ball bearing under the static loading with respect to race thickness and housing stiffness
Authors: Mose Bruno R. , Shin Dong-Kil , Nam Jeong-Hwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 3-dimensional model of the angular contact ball bearing (ACBB) was modeled using Abaqus/standard (Dassault systems- version 2017) to investigate the influence of race thickness on the bearing performance. It was found that the ability to support higher contact stress increased with race thickness. However, large deformations were found to occur on outer race with thickness of 3.3 mm and only small deformations were observed on outer race with a thickness of 9.9 mm. The large deformations induce higher shear stresses on thin races than on thick races. These stresses cause spall growth in bearings and propagate into a network of cracks. As a result of these findings, thin races are prone to failure compared with thick races.
Chronic liver disease is an important risk factor for worse outcomes in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoferica Jakub , Borbély Ruben Zsolt , Aghdam Ali Nedjati , Szalai Eszter Ágnes , Zolcsák Ádám , Veres Dániel Sándor , Hagymási Krisztina , Erőss Bálint , Hegyi Péter , Bánovčin Peter , Hegyi Péter Jenő 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic liver diseases (CLD) affect 1.5 billion patients worldwide, with dramatically increasing incidence in recent decades. It has been hypothesized that the chronic hyperinflammation associated with CLD may increase the risk of a more severe course of acute pancreatitis (AP). This study aims to investigate the underlying impact of CLD on the outcomes of AP. A systematic search was conducted in Embase, Medline, and Central databases until October 2022. Studies investigating patients with acute pancreatitis and CLD, were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 14,963 articles were screened, of which 36 were eligible to be included. CLD was a risk factor for increased mortality with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.53 (CI 1.30 to 4.93, p = 0.01). Furthermore, renal, cardiac, and respiratory failures were more common in the CLD group, with ORs of 1.92 (CI 1.3 to 2.83, p = 0.01), 2.11 (CI 0.93 to 4.77, p = 0.062) and 1.99 (CI 1.08 to 3.65, p = 0.033), respectively. Moreover, the likelihood of developing Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) was significantly higher, with an OR of 1.95 (CI 1.03 to 3.68, p = 0.042). CLD is an important risk factor for worse outcomes in AP pancreatitis, leading to higher mortality and increased rates of local and systemic complications.
Robust AUC optimization under the supervision of clean data
Authors: Zhang Chenkang , Tian Haobing , Zhang Lang , Jiao Pengju 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAUC (area under the ROC curve) is an essential metric that has been extensively researched in the field of machine learning. Traditional AUC optimization methods need a large-scale clean dataset, while real-world datasets usually contain massive noisy samples. To reduce the impact of noisy samples, many robust AUC optimization methods have been proposed. However, these methods only use noisy data and ignore the effect of clean data. To make full use of clean data and noisy data, in this paper, we propose a new framework for AUC optimization which uses clean samples to guide the processing of the noisy dataset based on the technology of self-paced learning (SPL). Innovatively, we introduce the consistency regularization term to reduce the negative impact of the data enhancement technology on SPL. Traditional SPL methods usually suffer from the high complexity of alternately solving the two critical sub-problems with respect to sample weights and model parameters. To speed up the training process, we propose a new efficient algorithm to solve our problem, which alternately updates sample weights and model parameters with the stochastic gradient method. Theoretically, we prove that our new optimization method can converge to a stationary point. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our robust AUC optimization (RAUCO) algorithm holds better robustness than existing algorithms.
Novel Janus gamma-Pb$$_2$$XY monolayers with high thermoelectric performance X=S, Se and Y=Se, Te X$$\ne $$Y
Authors: Mamani Flores Efracio , Ramirez Rivera Victor José , Mamani Gonzalo Fredy , Ordonez-Miranda Jose , Sambrano Julio R. , Lucio Moreira Mario , Piotrowski Maurício Jeomar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe quest for efficient thermoelectric materials has intensified with the advent of novel Janus monolayers exhibiting exceptional thermoelectric parameters. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the structural, electronic, transport, phonon, and thermoelectric properties of novel Janus $$\gamma $$
γ
-Pb$$_2$$

2

XY (X=S, Se; Y=Se, Te; X$$\ne $$
≠
Y) monolayers using density functional theory combined with the Boltzmann transport equation. Our findings unveil the energetic, dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stability of these monolayers, along with their remarkable thermoelectric performance. Remarkably, the p-type $$\gamma $$
γ
-Pb$$_2$$

2

SeTe monolayer exhibits an outstanding figure of merit (ZT) of 6.88 at 800 K, attributed to its intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.162 Wm$$^{-1}$$

-
1

K$$^{-1}$$

-
1

arising from strong phonon scattering, low group velocity, low phonon relaxation time, and a high Grüneisen parameter. Furthermore, these monolayers demonstrate high Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities, making them promising for efficient charge transport and thermoelectric energy conversion. Our results highlight the immense potential of Janus $$\gamma $$
γ
-Pb$$_2$$

2

XY monolayers as promising candidates for high-temperature thermoelectric applications and open up exciting avenues for further exploration of these novel two-dimensional materials in energy-related technologies.
Immunological assay using a solid-state pore with a low limit of detection
Authors: Takei Hiroyasu , Nakada Tomoko , Leong lat Wai , Ito Atsuki , Hanada Kakeru , Maeda Hinako , Sohail Muhammad Shan , Tomiyasu Kazuhiko , Sakamoto Osamu , Naono Norihiko , Taniguchi Masateru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases, cancer, and other diseases are quickly tested mainly via immune reactions based on specific molecular recognition between antigens and antibodies. By changing the diameter of solid-state pores, biomolecules of various sizes can be rapidly detected at the single-molecule level. The combination of immunoreactions and solid-state pores paves the way for an efficient testing method with high specificity and sensitivity. The challenge in developing this method is achieving quantitative analysis using solid-state pores. Here, we demonstrate a method with a low limit of detection for testing tumor markers using a combination of immunoreactions and solid-state pore technology. Quantitative analysis of the mixing ratio of two and three beads with different diameters was achieved with an error rate of up to 4.7%. The hybrid solid-state pore and immunoreaction methods with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and anti-PSA antibody-modified beads achieved a detection limit of 24.9 fM PSA in 30 min. The hybrid solid-state pore and immunoreaction enabled the rapid development of easy-to-use tests with lower limit of detection and greater throughput than commercially available immunoassay for point-of-care testing.
Level set methods for gradient-free optimization of metasurface arrays
Authors: Saad-Falcon Alex , Howard Christopher , Romberg Justin , Allen Kenneth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal optimization techniques are increasingly preferred over human-driven methods in the design of electromagnetic structures such as metasurfaces, and careful construction and parameterization of the physical structure is critical in ensuring computational efficiency and convergence of the optimization algorithm to a globally optimal solution. While many design variables in physical systems take discrete values, optimization algorithms often benefit from a continuous design space. This work demonstrates the use of level set functions as a continuous basis for designing material distributions for metasurface arrays and introduces an improved parameterization which is termed the periodic level set function. We explore the use of alternate norms in the definition of the level set function and define a new pseudo-inverse technique for upsampling basis coefficients with these norms. The level set method is compared to the fragmented parameterization and shows improved electromagnetic responses for two dissimilar cost functions: a narrowband objective and a broadband objective. Finally, we manufacture an optimized level set metasurface and measure its scattering parameters to demonstrate real-world performance.
Dynamic response mechanism of the hole subjected to the 3D point source disturbance in an isotropic formation
Authors: Hongwei Wang , Wei Du 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate estimation of the effects of dynamic disturbances on stress concentration is crucial for the stability of rock engineering and the corresponding analytical approaches are needed. This study presents an analytical approach to calculate the relative stress distribution with a point source inside and outside a hole using the linear theory of elasticity. The Helmholtz potentials and Sommerfeld integral are employed to describe the displacement and stress components, and then formulate the equilibrium equations to solve the equivalent stress distribution around the hole. Numerical examples demonstrate the impact of model parameters on the equivalent stress, such as frequency, hole radius, source location, etc. It is found that sometimes high frequencies can make the equivalent stress greater far from the source than that close to the source. Additionally, when the ratio of the distance between the source and the hole axis to the hole radius exceeds ten, the equivalent stress distribution around the hole remains nearly constant. This approach can be used for the design and assessment of underground engineering structures' stability under dynamic disturbances.
Formulation, preparation of niosome loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles and biological activities
Authors: Rezaei Hossein , Iranbakhsh Alireza , Sepahi Abbas Akhavan , Mirzaie Amir , Larijani Kambiz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) were prepared by the green synthesis method and loaded inside niosomes as a drug release system and their physicochemical and biological properties were determined. Zn-NPs were prepared by the eco-friendly green strategy, the structure, and morphological properties were studied and loaded into niosomes. Subsequently, different formulations of niosomes containing Zn-NPs were prepared and the optimal formulation was used for biological studies. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to investigate the morphology and size of nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis were used to confirm the synthesis of Zn-NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) determined the elemental analysis of the Zn-NPs synthesis solution and the crystalline structure of Zn-NPs was analysed by XRD (X-Ray diffraction). Furthermore, Zn-NPs were loaded inside the niosomes, and their structural characteristics, entrapment efficiency (EE%), the release profile of Zn-NPs, and their stability also were assessed. Moreover, its antimicrobial properties against some microbial pathogens, its effect on the expression of biofilm genes, and its anticancer activity on the breast cancer cell lines were also determined. To study the cytocompatibility, exposure of niosomes against normal HEK-293 cells was carried out. In addition, the impact of niosomes on the expression of genes involved in the apoptosis (Bcl2, Casp3, Casp9, Bax) at the mRNA level was measured. Our findings revealed that the Zn-NPs have a round shape and an average size of 27.60 nm. Meanwhile, UV–Vis, FTIR, and XRD results confirmed the synthesis of Zn-NPs. Also, the EE% and the size of the optimized niosomal formulation were 31.26% and 256.6 ± 12 nm, respectively. The release profile showed that within 24 h, 26% of Zn-NPs were released from niosomes, while in the same period, 99% of free Zn-NPs were released, which indicates the slow release of Zn-NPs from niosomes. Antimicrobial effects exhibited that niosomes containing Zn-NPs had more significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects than Zn-NPs alone, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects increased 2 to 4 times. Cytotoxic effects indicated that when Zn-NPs are loaded into niosomes, the anticancer activity increases compared to Zn-NPs alone and has low cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Niosomes containing ZnNPs increased the apoptosis-related gene expression level and reduced the Bcl2 genes. In general, the results show that niosomes can increase the biological effects of free Zn-NPs and therefore can be a suitable carrier for targeted delivery of Zn-NPs.
Enhancing global maritime traffic network forecasting with gravity-inspired deep learning models
Authors: Song Ruixin , Spadon Gabriel , Pelot Ronald , Matwin Stan , Soares Amilcar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAquatic non-indigenous species (NIS) pose significant threats to biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems and inflicting substantial economic damages across agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. Due to the fast growth of global trade and transportation networks, NIS has been introduced and spread unintentionally in new environments. This study develops a new physics-informed model to forecast maritime shipping traffic between port regions worldwide. The predicted information provided by these models, in turn, is used as input for risk assessment of NIS spread through transportation networks to evaluate the capability of our solution. Inspired by the gravity model for international trades, our model considers various factors that influence the likelihood and impact of vessel activities, such as shipping flux density, distance between ports, trade flow, and centrality measures of transportation hubs. Accordingly, this paper introduces transformers to gravity models to rebuild the short- and long-term dependencies that make the risk analysis feasible. Thus, we introduce a physics-inspired framework that achieves an 89% binary accuracy for existing and non-existing trajectories and an 84.8% accuracy for the number of vessels flowing between key port areas, representing more than 10% improvement over the traditional deep-gravity model. Along these lines, this research contributes to a better understanding of NIS risk assessment. It allows policymakers, conservationists, and stakeholders to prioritize management actions by identifying high-risk invasion pathways. Besides, our model is versatile and can include new data sources, making it suitable for assessing international vessel traffic flow in a changing global landscape.
Histological evaluation of cardiac remodelling in equine athletes
Authors: Nath L. C. , Saljic A. , Buhl R. , Elliott A. , La Gerche A. , Ye C. , Schmidt Royal H. , Lundgren Virklund K. , Agbaedeng T. A. , Stent A. , Franklin S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractApproximately 1–2 per 100,000 young athletes die from sudden cardiac death (SCD) and extreme exercise may be associated with myocardial scar and arrhythmias. Racehorses have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and SCD but the presence of myocardial scar and inflammation has not been evaluated. Cardiac tissues from the left (LAA) and right (RAA) atrial appendages, left ventricular anterior (LVAPM) and posterior (LVPPM) papillary muscles, and right side of the interventricular septum (IVS-R) were harvested from racehorses with sudden cardiac death (SCD, n = 16) or other fatal injuries (OFI, n = 17), constituting the athletic group (ATH, n = 33), and compared to sedentary horses (SED, n = 10). Horses in the ATH group had myocyte hypertrophy at all sites; increased fibrosis at all sites other than the LAA; increased fibroblast infiltration but a reduction in the overall extracellular matrix (ECM) volume in the RAA, LVAPM, and IVS-R compared to SED horses. In this horse model, athletic conditioning was associated with myocyte hypertrophy and a reduction in ECM. There was an excess of fibrocyte infiltration and focal fibrosis that was not present in non-athletic horses, raising the possibility of an exercise-induced pro-fibrotic substrate.
Large language models outperform mental and medical health care professionals in identifying obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Kim Jiyeong , Leonte Kimberly G. , Chen Michael L. , Torous John B. , Linos Eleni , Pinto Anthony , Rodriguez Carolyn I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the promising capacity of large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots to diagnose diseases, they have not been tested for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of LLMs in OCD using vignettes and found that LLMs outperformed medical and mental health professionals. This highlights the potential benefit of LLMs in assisting in the timely and accurate diagnosis of OCD, which usually entails a long delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Bacterial envelope polysaccharide cues settlement and metamorphosis in the biofouling tubeworm Hydroides elegans
Authors: Freckelton Marnie L. , Nedved Brian T. , Hadfield Michael G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetamorphosis for many marine invertebrates is triggered by external cues, commonly produced by bacteria. For larvae of Hydroides elegans, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the biofilm-dwelling bacterium Cellulophaga lytica induces metamorphosis. To determine whether bacterial LPS is a common metamorphosis-inducing factor for this species, we compare larval responses to LPS from 3 additional inductive Gram-negative marine biofilm bacteria with commercially available LPS from 3 bacteria not known to induce metamorphosis. LPS from all the inductive bacteria trigger metamorphosis, while LPS from non-inductive isolated marine bacteria do not. We then ask, which part of the LPS is the inductive element, the lipid (Lipid-A) or the polysaccharide (O-antigen), and find it is the latter for all four inductive bacteria. Finally, we examine the LPS subunits from two strains of the same bacterial species, one inductive and the other not, and find the LPS and O-antigen to be inductive from only the inductive bacterial strain.
Unlocking the secrets of ideal fast ion conductors for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Sau Kartik , Takagi Shigeyuki , Ikeshoji Tamio , Kisu Kazuaki , Sato Ryuhei , dos Santos Egon Campos , Li Hao , Mohtadi Rana , Orimo Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAll-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries. ASSBs consist of solid-fast-ion-conducting electrolytes and electrodes that offer improved energy density, battery safety, specific power, and fast-charging capability. Despite decades of intensive research, only a few have high ionic conductivity at ambient temperature. Developing fast ion-conducting materials requires both synthesis of high-conducting materials and a fundamental understanding of ion transport mechanisms. However, this is challenging due to wide variations of the ionic conductivity, even within the same class of materials, indicating the strong influence of structural modifications on ion transport. This Review discusses three selected material classes, namely layered oxides, polyhedral connections, and cluster anion types, as promising fast ion conductors. Emphasis is placed on the inherent challenges and the role of the framework structure on mobile ion conduction. We elucidate strategies to address these challenges by leveraging theoretical frameworks and insights from materials science.