bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling luminal breast cancer heterogeneity: combination therapy to suppress a hormone receptor-negative, cytokeratin 5-positive subpopulation in luminal disease
Authors: Knox Aaron J , Scaling Allison L , Pinto Mauricio P , Bliesner Brian S , Haughian James M , Abdel-Hafiz Hany A , Horwitz Kathryn B 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Many Luminal breast cancers are heterogeneous, containing substantial numbers of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor-negative cells among the ER+ PR+ ones. One such subpopulation we call “Luminobasal” is ER-, PR- and cytokeratin 5 (CK5)-positive. It is not targeted for treatment.

Methods
To address the relationships between ER+PR+CK5– and ER–PR–CK5+ cells in Luminal cancers and tightly control their ratios we generated isogenic pure Luminal (pLUM) and pure Luminobasal (pLB) cells from the same parental Luminal human breast cancer cell line. We used high-throughput screening to identify pLB-specific drugs and examined their efficacy alone and in combination with hormone therapy in mixed-cell tumor models.

Results
We show that pLUM and MCF7 cells suppress proliferation of pLB cells in mixed-cell 3D colonies in vitro and that pLUM cells suppress growth of pLB cells in mixed-cell xenografts in vivo. High-throughput screening of 89 FDA-approved oncology drugs shows that pLB cells are sensitive to monotherapy with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. By exploiting mixed-cell 3D colonies and mixed-cell solid mouse tumors models we demonstrate that combination therapy with gefitinib plus the anti-estrogen fulvestrant constitutes a robust treatment strategy.

Conclusions
We propose that response to combination endocrine/EGFR inhibitor therapies in heterogeneous Luminal cancers may improve long-term survival in patients whose primary tumors have been preselected for appropriate biomarkers, including ER, PR, CK5 and EGFR.
Current management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in Canada
Authors: Merdad Mazin , Eskander Antoine , De Almeida John , Freeman Jeremy , Rotstein Lorne , Ezzat Shereen , Sawka Anna M , Goldstein David P 
Published: August 2014

Introduction The detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is on the rise and its optimal management remains controversial. Our aim was to determine the current self-reported management of PTMC amongst Canadian otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons (OHNS) and endocrinologists and to identify factors influencing their management decisions. Methods A nine item web-based questionnaire was distributed to Canadian OHNS and endocrinologists. The three main domains were demographics, current management of PTMC scenarios, and factors influencing the decisions. Results One hundred and thirteen OHNS and endocrinologists completed the survey. Respondents were closely divided between recommending hemithyroidectomy (47%) or total thyroidectomy (43%) for a newly diagnosed PTMC in a low risk patient. Observation was the preferred method for managing PTMC detected incidentally after hemithyroidectomy (76%). Respondents chose more aggressive treatment for male patients compared to female patients. A positive history of thyroid cancer or previous radiation exposure was the most important factor influencing the management of PTMC. Conclusion The current practices of Canadian OHNS and endocrinologist largely coincide with available guidelines. The slight variation in practice might be explained by the opposing evidence supporting different management options. Given the dramatic increase in the incidence of PTMC we suggest future guidelines address the management of PTMC independently.
The ability to suppress macrophage-mediated inflammation in orbital fat stem cells is controlled by miR-671-5p
Authors: Lien Gi-Shih , Liu Jen-Fang , Chien Ming-Hsien , Hsu Wei-Tse , Chang Tzu-Hao , Ku Chia-Chi , Ji Andrea Tung-Qian , Tan Peng , Hsieh Ting-Lieh , Lee Liang-Ming , Ho Jennifer H 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Our previous works demonstrated that systemic orbital fat-derived stem cell (OFSC) transplantation was effective in ameliorating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced extensive acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo mainly through paracrine regulation of macrophage-mediated cytokine-storm. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanism(s) of OFSCs regulating macrophage activity in a cytokine-inducible fashion.

Methods
LPS (100 ng/ml)-activated macrophages were treated by conditioned medium from OFSCs (OFSCs-CM) or non-contact cultured with OFSCs for 6 hours. The potency of OFSCs on macrophage proliferation and pro-inflammation ability were determined. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, inducible immuno-modulatory factors in OFSCs, were investigated. Deep sequencing analysis as well as interaction between microRNA (miRNA) and genes of immuno-modulators in OFSCs induced by activated macrophages was predicted by miRTar. Transfection of miRNA inhibitor into OFSCs was performed. Real-time RT-PCR and transplantation of OFSCs into mice with LPS-induced ALI confirmed the in vitro and in vivo mechanism.

Results
The paracrine effect of OFSCs on inhibition of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine release was more potent than induction of macrophage G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. OFSCs-CM suppressed LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthetase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, and IL-1 beta expression in macrophages. Under non-contact culture, LPS-activated macrophages effectively triggered the expression of soluble immuno-modulating factors in OFSCs, i.e., IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and soluble TNF receptor type II (sTNF RII). Under miRTar prediction, miR-671-5p was identified as a critical microRNA in regulation of multiple immune-modulating factors in OFSCs response to macrophages. The baseline level of miR-671-5p was high in OFSCs, and down-regulation of miR-671-5p upon co-culture with activated macrophages was observed. MiR-671-5p inhibitor transfection into OFSCs selectively enhanced the IL-1 RA and sTNF RII expressions. In addition, inhibition of miR-671-5p in OFSCs enhanced the anti-inflammatory ability against LPS-induced ALI.

Conclusion
The paracrine effect of OFSCs inhibits the pro-inflammatory ability and proliferation of macrophages. The immune-modulation capacity of OFSCs can be triggered by activated macrophages, and down-regulation of miR-671-5p enhances OFSC immuno-modulation ability by up-regulating IL-1 RA and sTNF RII expression.
Assessment of the neutrophilic antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) response toPlasmodium falciparum
Authors: Kapelski Stephanie , Klockenbring Torsten , Fischer Rainer , Barth Stefan , Fendel Rolf 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSemi-immunity against Pf malaria is based on a combination of cellular and humoral immune responses. PMNs and IgGs are considered important components of this process, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the neutrophilic ADRB by analyzing the production of ROS in response to Pf antigen-specific IgGs bound to solid-phase immobilized antigens (sADRB) or whole merozoites (mADRB). We found that the PMN stimulations in each assay were based on different underlying mechanisms, demonstrating the importance of the assay set-up for the evaluation of antibody-triggered PMN responses. In the sADRB assay, ROS were produced externally, and by specific blocking of CD32(a)/FcγRII(a), the immediate neutrophilic response was abolished, whereas the removal of CD16(b)/FcγRIII(b) had no substantial effect. The key role of CD32(a) was confirmed using CD16(b)-deficient PMNs, in which similar changes of neutrophilic ADRB profiles were recorded after treatment. In the mADRB assay, ROS were produced almost exclusively within the cell, suggesting that the underlying mechanism was phagocytosis. This was confirmed using an additional phagocytosis assay, in which PMNs specifically ingested merozoites opsonized with Ghanaian plasma IgGs, seven times more often than merozoites opsonized with European plasma IgGs (P&lt;0.001). Our data show that assay set-ups used to evaluate the responses of PMNs and perhaps other effector cells must be chosen carefully to evaluate the appropriate cellular responses. Our robust, stable, and well-characterized methods could therefore be useful in malaria vaccine studies to analyze the antimalarial effector function of antibodies.
Fluid salinity, clay content, and permeability of rocks determined through complex resistivity partition fraction decomposition
Authors: Nunes Barreto Alexandre , Alberto Dias Carlos 
Published: August 2014

The types of physical mechanisms that generate induced electric polarization (IP) in rocks are here identified and their respective relaxation times are provided. Thus, the complex resistivity function associated with Dias’ model that describes the IP phenomenon is decomposed into partition fractions of an inverse third-degree polynomial in [Formula: see text]. Twelve rock samples’ data from the literature were used for this investigation. Using this procedure, two basic relaxations appear in the frequency range 1 mHz–1 MHz, where the phenomenon occurs. The first relaxation is associated with polarization caused by ionic diffusion proximal to the disseminated particle-electrolytic solution interfaces, which dominates in the low-frequency interval (approximately 1 mHz–100 Hz). The second process is capacitive-inductive polarization relaxation caused by an interaction between the electric double-layer capacitance and polarization-free pore resistances inside the polarization unit cell, which dominates in the high-frequency interval (approximately 10 kHz–1 MHz). At intermediate frequencies, these two processes combine to yield a transitional type of relaxation that dominates in the intermediate frequency interval (approximately 100 Hz–10 kHz). Our results, obtained using a given set of experimental data, provide a new method for determining the water salinity and clay content in the rock matrix without metallic particles. The rock permeability was also well determined by introducing Dias’ model parameter relationships and substituting the double-layer thickness for the grain size radius in a previously proposed formula.
Role of Imaging in the Staging and Response Assessment of Lymphoma: Consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group
Authors: Barrington Sally F. , Mikhaeel N. George , Kostakoglu Lale , Meignan Michel , Hutchings Martin , Müeller Stefan P. , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Zucca Emanuele , Fisher Richard I. , Trotman Judith , Hoekstra Otto S. , Hicks Rodney J. , O'Doherty Michael J. , Hustinx Roland , Biggi Alberto , Cheson Bruce D. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose Recent advances in imaging, use of prognostic indices, and molecular profiling techniques have the potential to improve disease characterization and outcomes in lymphoma. International trials are under way to test image-based response–adapted treatment guided by early interim positron emission tomography (PET) –computed tomography (CT). Progress in imaging is influencing trial design and affecting clinical practice. In particular, a five-point scale to grade response using PET-CT, which can be adapted to suit requirements for early- and late-response assessment with good interobserver agreement, is becoming widely used both in practice- and response-adapted trials. A workshop held at the 11th International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas (ICML) in 2011 concluded that revision to current staging and response criteria was timely. Methods An imaging working group composed of representatives from major international cooperative groups was asked to review the literature, share knowledge about research in progress, and identify key areas for research pertaining to imaging and lymphoma. Results A working paper was circulated for comment and presented at the Fourth International Workshop on PET in Lymphoma in Menton, France, and the 12th ICML in Lugano, Switzerland, to update the International Harmonisation Project guidance regarding PET. Recommendations were made to optimize the use of PET-CT in staging and response assessment of lymphoma, including qualitative and quantitative methods. Conclusion This article comprises the consensus reached to update guidance on the use of PET-CT for staging and response assessment for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lymphomas in clinical practice and late-phase trials.
GLP-1 Receptor Stimulation of the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus Reduces Food Intake: Neuroanatomical, Electrophysiological, and Behavioral Evidence
Authors: Richard Jennifer E. , Farkas Imre , Anesten Fredrik , Anderberg Rozita H. , Dickson Suzanne L. , Gribble Fiona M. , Reimann Frank , Jansson John-Olov , Liposits Zsolt , Skibicka Karolina P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is a key nucleus for the regulation of feeding behavior. Inhibitory inputs from the hypothalamus to the PBN play a crucial role in the normal maintenance of feeding behavior, because their loss leads to starvation. Viscerosensory stimuli result in neuronal activation of the PBN. However, the origin and neurochemical identity of the excitatory neuronal input to the PBN remain largely unexplored. Here, we hypothesize that hindbrain glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) neurons provide excitatory inputs to the PBN, activation of which may lead to a reduction in feeding behavior. Our data, obtained from mice expressing the yellow fluorescent protein in GLP-1-producing neurons, revealed that hindbrain GLP-1-producing neurons project to the lateral PBN (lPBN). Stimulation of lPBN GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) reduced the intake of chow and palatable food and decreased body weight in rats. It also activated lPBN neurons, reflected by an increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in this region. Further support for an excitatory role of GLP-1 in the PBN is provided by electrophysiological studies showing a remarkable increase in firing of lPBN neurons after Exendin-4 application. We show that within the PBN, GLP-1R activation increased gene expression of 2 energy balance regulating peptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and IL-6. Moreover, nearly 70% of the lPBN GLP-1 fibers innervated lPBN CGRP neurons. Direct intra-lPBN CGRP application resulted in anorexia. Collectively, our molecular, anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and behavioral data provide evidence for a functional role of the GLP-1R for feeding control in the PBN.
Linear Tests for Decreasing Absolute Risk Aversion Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Post Thierry , Fang Yi , Kopa Miloš 
Published: August 2014

We develop and implement linear formulations of convex stochastic dominance relations based on decreasing absolute risk aversion (DARA) for discrete and polyhedral choice sets. Our approach is based on a piecewise-exponential representation of utility and a local linear approximation to the exponentiation of log marginal utility. An empirical application to historical stock market data suggests that a passive stock market portfolio is DARA stochastic dominance inefficient relative to concentrated portfolios of small-cap stocks. The mean-variance rule and Nth-order stochastic dominance rules substantially underestimate the degree of market portfolio inefficiency because they do not penalize the unfavorable skewness of diversified portfolios, in violation of DARA. This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.
Repurchasing Debt
Authors: Mao Lei , Tserlukevich Yuri 
Published: August 2014

In this paper we build a theoretical model of a firm repurchasing its corporate debt. We find that firm creditors as a group sell debt to the firm only at face value. However, because of the cross-creditor externalities, buying back debt is cheaper and easier when there are many creditors, e.g., when debt is traded on the open market. We further show that repurchases contribute to flexibility in firms' capital structure and can increase ex ante firm value. The value of repurchases to the shareholders increases with the firm's ability to save cash and delay the repurchase.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1965 .This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Technological Progress and the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Twenty Regions of Italy
Authors: Baiardi Donatella 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper explores the relationship between per capita income and three air pollutants, CO, NMVOCs, and SO
x
, using a novel dataset based on the 20 regions of Italy. Given the central role of technological progress in long-term environmental problems, we empirically investigate the influence of innovation on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The estimation results validate the existence of an EKC for the three air pollutants considered. Furthermore, the influence of innovation on the inverse-U-shaped curve identified by the theoretical literature is in general empirically confirmed. Finally, the same conclusions also hold when using another dataset related to the aggregate national economy rather than separate regions.
Functional Properties of Re-fabricated Rice as Affected by Die During Extrusion Process
Authors: Zameer Hussain Syed , Singh Baljit 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In order to obtain re-fabricated rice with properties similar to natural rice, a special cutter and six dies were designed and evaluated. All the dimensional and physical properties of re-fabricated rice were significantly affected by die type. The average values of all the properties studied increased with the increase in moisture content (from 10 to 14%), except length/breadth ratio and porosity which decreased with the increase in moisture content. Based on the dimensional and physical properties, the re-fabricated rice obtained through die IV (8 × 1.5 mm) was in close resemblance to natural rice (PR-116). In general, uncooked and cooked re-fabricated rice grains showed significantly harder and firm texture in comparison to natural rice. Furthermore, significant differences were observed with respect to colour, whiteness and translucence between re-fabricated rice samples and natural rice. Sensory evaluation data revealed significant decrease in oral tenderness and adhesiveness in re-fabricated rice against natural rice. The study demonstrated that appropriate design of extrusion die is determinant factor for developing re-fabricated rice with properties similar to natural rice.
The use of second person pronouns in a literary work
Authors: de Hoop Helen , Hogeweg Lotte 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
For this study we investigated all occurrences of Dutch second person pronoun subjects in a literary novel, and determined their interpretation. We found two patterns that can both be argued to be functionally related to the de-velopment of the story. First, we found a decrease in the generic use of second person, a decrease which we believe goes hand in hand with an increased distancing of oneself as a reader from the narrator/main character. Second, we found an increase in the use of the descriptive second person. The increased descriptive use of second person pronouns towards the end of the novel is very useful for the reader, because the information provided by the first person narrator himself becomes less and less reliable. Thus, the reader depends more strongly on information provided by other characters and what these characters tell the narrator about himself.
ATTHIS, GYRINNO, AND OTHER HETAIRAI: FEMALE PERSONAL NAMES IN SAPPHO’S POETRY
Authors: Schlesier Renate 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In her extant poetry, Sappho uses fourteen female personal names, four of which are not attested elsewhere. The essay is the first attempt to provide a comprehensive analysis of all of them. The results challenge the opinion, still prevailing in scholarship today, that Sappho’s companions were adolescent girls forming an educational or initiatory group, led by the poetess, that prepared them for respectable marriages. As a matter of fact, the female proper names in Sappho belong to four categories: ethnics, abstract nouns, nicknames and mythological names. According to the onomastic conventions of ancient Greece, names of all these categories typically denote females as slaves and courtesans, at least until the Hellenistic period. Thus it is argued that Sappho’s nomenclature creates a ‘reality effect’, implying furthermore that her use of the term hetairai (‘companions’) - and likewise of kalai and philai - could also point to the status of courtesans in the technical sense. This best fits the emphasis put on female beauty, seductiveness and musical skills, but also on invective and rivalry. Under the auspices of Aphrodite and from a female perspective, Sappho’s poems feature erotic experiences with lovers of both sexes as well as the reflection of those loves’ vicissitudes. The world imagined and displayed in her songs would therefore be mainly related to the symposion as the dominating realm of archaic poetry. This is how Sappho’s work was actually received in antiquity.
SUL TESTO DI CATULLO 2, 5–8
Authors: Ortoleva Vincenzo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
There have been many interpretations of Catullus’ poem 2 (on his girlfriend’s sparrow) and especially of verses 5-8. The first part of this study presents the status quaestionis, listing the main interpretations and conjectures (but omitting those which alter the transmitted text unnecessarily). In the second part two new interpretations of vv. 5-8 are advanced, without modifying the text of manuscripts OGR. According to the first, the words cum desiderio meo … lubet iocari are understood as a substantive clause dependent on the verb credo, which also governs et solaciolum as a predicative. Alternatively, solaciolum may be taken as predicative of an understood object te (also dependent on credo) referring to passer in the first verse. In either case, ut cum (which occurs in Quintilian, but with the subjunctive and in a causal sense) with the transmitted future acquiescet can have temporal force, as recently argued by Paul Claes (see also Boeth. cons. 2, 2, 10: … ne uti
cum ludicri mei ratio poscet descendere iniuriam putes)56.
REDEN ZU GOTT, BETEN ZU GÖTTERN
Authors: Hömke Nicola 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
For the occasion of his consulate in AD 379, Ausonius composed inter alia three hexameter Precationes and one Gratiarum actio addressed to the Emperor Gratian. Despite the shared context, in these three texts Ausonius presents entirely different ideas of the divine: on the one hand a polytheistic outlook with Phoebus, Tritonia and Victoria in prec. 1 and Ianus, Annus and Sol in prec. 2, but on the other hand in the Gratiarum
actio a god who is clearly characterised as monotheistic (but not explicitly Christian), an aeternus omnium
genitor and opifex et causa mundi.
Rather than pursue the scholarly debate about Ausonius’ own ambivalent religious outlook, this paper examines the decisive role which the context of speech, the conventions of literary genre and the rhetorical strategy play in the question of which model of god Ausonius presents in each case and how he addresses the god(s).