bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie viel Polyester steckt in der Altkleidersammlung? Ergebnisse einer Voruntersuchung aus Wien
Authors: Lederer Jakob , Ipsmiller Wolfgang , Kählig Pablo , Bartl Andreas 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungTextilien, vor allem Bekleidungs- und Heimtextilien, sind eine der ältesten und wichtigsten Produktkategorien der Menscheinheitsgeschichte. Heute werden Textilien und vor allem Alttextilien auch im Zuge der Kreislaufwirtschaft diskutiert. Um kreislaufwirtschaftliche Lösungen für Alttextilien wie Wiederverwendung und auch die stoffliche Verwertung zu forcieren, ist es jedoch notwendig, die Zusammensetzung von Alttextilien zu kennen. In diesem Beitrag wird dies am Beispiel von Alttextilien aus der Altkleidersammlung in Wien untersucht. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Bekleidungs- und Heimtextilien, und hier wiederum auf den wichtigsten Fasermaterialien für diese, nämlich Baumwolle und vor allem Polyester, da letzteres die globale Produktion dominiert. Für die Untersuchung wurden im Herbst 2021 ca. 220 kg Alttextilienproben aus vier Containern der Altkleidersammlung der Magistratsabteilung MA 48 der Stadt Wien entnommen und nach Produkt und Labelinformation zum Fasermaterial sortiert.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der analysierte Inhalt der beprobten Altkleidersammelcontainer hauptsächlich aus Alttextilien bestand. Diese wiederum setzten sich zu etwa einem Drittel aus überwiegend baumwollhaltigen Materialien und zu rund einem Zehntel aus überwiegend polyesterhaltigen Materialien zusammen. Etwas weniger als ein Drittel der Textilien besaß kein Label, wodurch auch eine exakte Zuordnung nach Fasermaterial nicht möglich war. Der Rest waren sonstige Fasermaterialien sowie komplexe Textilien. Unter der Annahme, dass die Zusammensetzung der Textilien ohne Label jener mit Label entspricht, setzte sich die Ware in den untersuchten Altkleidersammelcontainern zu 40 % aus überwiegend baumwollhaltigen Materialien, zu 21 % aus komplexen Textilien, zu 16 % aus Schuhen und sonstigen Nicht-Textilien, zu 12 % aus überwiegend polyesterhaltigen Materialien und zu 11 % aus sonstigen Textilien zusammen. Das bedeutet, dass in der untersuchten Sammelware der Anteil an Polyester bedeutend geringer war als in der globalen Faserproduktion.Ob ein ähnliches Ergebnis auch bei größer angelegten Textilsortierkampagnen erzielt werden kann, ist nicht nur Gegenstand aktueller Untersuchungen, sondern soll in Zukunft auch noch weiter forciert werden, um ein flächendeckendes Bild für möglichst viele Regionen in Österreich zeichnen zu können. Außerdem muss die Analyse mehr ins Detail gehen. Dann erst ist es möglich, das Potenzial an Alttextilien vor allem für das Recycling in Österreich darzustellen. Dies wiederum ist die Voraussetzung für die Planung von Sortieranlagen sowie die Entwicklung mechanischer und vor allem chemisch-physikalischer Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Störstoffen in grundsätzlich recyclingfähigen Textilien.
“I Think You Covered the Three Levels of Drugs and Consent”: Qualitatively Testing Different Operationalizations of an Alcohol and Other Drugs-Involved Sexual Violence
Authors: Gesser Nili , Katz Benjamin W. , Chiu Tiffany , Burmeister Ellei M. , Anderson RaeAnn E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubstance-involved rape is increasing among college students, particularly women (Koss et al., 2022). Addressing rape requires first measuring it accurately in surveys to understand its true scope and nature. We used cognitive interviews with 40 young adults to qualitatively test the construct validity of an alcohol- and other drugs (AOD)-involved rape item in the Sexual Experiences Survey by asking participants to comment on different operationalizations of this construct. Our findings revealed that different phrasings elicited different interpretations of the items by participants. Specifically, the results indicated that (1) respondents viewed the different operationalizations as a sequence of events with varying severity; (2) some participants focused on the intentionality and responsibility of the perpetrator as opposed to opportunistic perpetration; and (3) study participants consistently chose one of the operationalizations as describing “being roofied” (being drugged without consent). Participants also contributed additional scenarios not described in the questionnaire and shared their interpretations of the items. The results underscore the importance of refining survey language to properly measure AOD-involved rape and allow us to understand how to tailor appropriate questions for best comprehension. The findings indicate the benefit in including several items about AOD-involved rape in questionnaires such as the Sexual Experiences Survey, with each item addressing different scenarios of victim intoxication. The results could also have important implications for sexual violence prevention programs, which should discuss consent, intentions, and responsibility specifically in the context of AOD consumption.
The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress, Hopelessness and Resources Adequacy in Fire Disaster Survivors: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Kaya Kılıç Ayten , Uğur Sinem Burcu , Bademli Kerime 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the psychosocial aftermath of the fire disaster by focusing on the levels of post-traumatic stress, hopelessness and perception of adequacy of resources of the affected population in the Manavgat district of Antalya province. The data of this study, which is a descriptive correlational research, were collected between 01 March-31 May 2022. The Information form, Impact of Events Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Perception of Adequacy of Resource Scale were used as the data collection tools. A total of 245 individuals, predominantly farmers and with a low-income status, participated in the study. Field data revealed a high level post-traumatic stress (39.56 ± 15.71), moderate hopelessness (10.53 ± 6.83), and moderate perception of adequacy of resources (104.17 ± 32.15) among the participants. Another important finding of the study is; sociodemographic variables were significantly associated with the impact of events, hopelessness, and perception of adequacy of resources. Being female, low education and income level, being farmer, having heavily damaged house and living in a prefabricated house emerged as risk factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The results demonstrated a strong correlation between hopelessness, perception of adequacy of resources and post-traumatic stress. Hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between adequacy of resources and post-traumatic stress. The massive physical, economic and social losses caused by wildfire have led to persistent psychosocial problems among the affected population. The findings highlight the importance of assessing losses related to socioeconomic status and applying risk management accordingly. The data obtained in this study can shed light on the determination of risky groups after fire disaster, psychosocial interventions to be applied and the duration of interventions.
A data-driven approach to mapping multidimensional poverty at residential block level in Mexico
Authors: Zea-Ortiz Marivel , Vera Pablo , Salas Joaquín , Manduchi Roberto , Villaseñor Elio , Figueroa Alejandra , Suárez Ranyart R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate, inexpensive and granular human poverty assessments are critical for data-driven policy decision-making. This research proposes a novel approach to computing poverty scores utilizing multispectral satellite images and indices calculated from census reference values. We show how this approach can leverage standard and sparse survey-based multidimensional poverty assessments at the municipal level to develop a deep learning architecture to obtain poverty scores at the residential block level. This method has the distinctive feature that the obtained inference corresponds to Multidimensional Measurement of Poverty generated by CONEVAL, the Mexican agency responsible for measuring poverty. We provide a reliable alternative to survey-based approaches with an $$R^2$$

R
2

of $$0.802\pm 0.022$$

0.802
±
0.022

for the lack of housing quality and spaces dimension. A convolutional neural network trained on multispectral satellite images and the lack of housing quality and spaces dimension, which is regressed from census reference variables corresponding to lack of water, electricity, sewage, concrete floor, toilet and occupancy level obtains an $$R^2$$

R
2

of 0.753. These results represent a significant step forward in including machine learning techniques to provide reliable information at reduced costs and a higher spatiotemporal frequency than traditional person-to-person surveys.
Lived-through Experience, Multi-perspective Methodology, Contentious Polysemy: Challenges in the Study of Vulnerability
Authors: Nungesser Frithjof , Schirgi Antonia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article concludes the special section on vulnerability. By reflecting on the arguments in and the convergences between the contributions to the preceding trialogue, it outlines three key challenges in vulnerability research. Across disciplinary, theoretical, and methodological boundaries, the contributions agree in their criticism of negative, individualistic, and/or essentialist conceptualizations of vulnerability; instead, they call for a non-dualist, pluralist, and participative approach to vulnerability that takes the lived-through experience of individuals as its starting point. Based on this decision, the challenges arise of (1) how to conceptualize and identify the structures of lived-through experiences of vulnerability and of (2) how the experiences of individuals and groups in different social positions can be collected, understood, and interpreted. The trialogue texts, we argue, provide important impulses for the development of a multi-perspective methodology, which permits to analyze vulnerability in a way that is theoretically, ethically, and methodologically appropriate. Finally, by taking lived-through experience as a starting point, the articles in this special section (3) contribute to a better understanding of the contentious polysemy of the term vulnerability. By analyzing the constitutive ambivalence and ambiguity of experiences of vulnerability as well as the difficulties of intersubjective communicability, the contributions help to understand why articulations of vulnerability are often vague and why vulnerability can be politically instrumentalized. In this way, the comprehensive understanding of vulnerability (e.g., as positive and negative, enabling and inhibiting), promoted in the trialogue, also becomes a means of moral and political criticism.
Knowing Me, Knowing You: Changes in Parental Representations Among Established Adults Going Through Progressive Identity Development
Authors: Larsson Hanna , Frisén Ann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping and revising one’s identity is a lifelong task, one that influences and is influenced by close relationships in the individual’s social context. For emerging adults, different approaches to identity formation have been associated with different ways of relating to their parents; however, little is known about how identity development and views on one’s parents interact beyond the emerging adult years. In the present study, we addressed this gap by examining changes in how established adults describe and relate to internal representations of their parents as they develop from identity foreclosure to identity achievement, an identity status transition that is considered progressive and has been related to shifts in parental representations in younger samples. From a longitudinal study using the Identity Status Interview (Marcia et al., Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research, Springer, 1993), we selected participants coded as foreclosed at age 29 and identity achieved at age 33 (N = 18). A case study approach was used to analyze individual changes in parental representations, and a thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes across cases. The findings show that progressive identity development in established adulthood may involve making more reflective comparisons between oneself and one’s parents, describing one’s parents more as whole persons, and relating to parental influence with greater independence and agency. The results highlight the continued importance of parents for adult identity development, and that progressive identity development in established adulthood may involve increased complexity in representations of both oneself and one’s parents.
Data-driven linear quadratic tracking based temperature control of a big area additive manufacturing system
Authors: Zavrakli Eleni , Parnell Andrew , Dickson Andrew , Dey Subhrakanti 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDesigning efficient closed-loop control algorithms is a key issue in Additive Manufacturing (AM), as various aspects of the AM process require continuous monitoring and regulation, with temperature being a particularly significant factor. Here we study closed-loop control for the temperatures in the extruder of a Material Extrusion AM system, specifically a Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) system. Previous approaches for temperature control in AM either require the knowledge of exact model parameters, or involve discretisation of the state and action spaces to employ traditional data-driven control techniques. On the other hand, modern algorithms that can handle continuous state and action space problems require a large number of hyperparameter tuning to ensure good performance. In this work, we circumvent the above limitations by making use of a state space temperature model while focusing on both model-based and data-driven methods. We adopt the Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) framework and utilise the quadratic structure of the value function in the model-based analytical solution to produce a data-driven approximation formula for the optimal controller. We demonstrate these approaches using a simulator of the temperature evolution in the extruder of a BAAM system and perform an in-depth comparison of the performance of these methods. We find that we can learn an effective controller using solely simulated input–output process data. Our approach achieves parity in performance compared to model-based controllers and so lessens the need for estimating a large number of parameters of the often intricate and complicated process model. We believe this result is an important step towards achieving autonomous intelligent manufacturing.
Two New Polymorphs of Meso-Chlorinated BODIPY Dyes
Authors: Waddell Paul G. , Wallis Jennifer F. , Mattern Annabelle , Higham Lee J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNew polymorphs of (2-(chloro(pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)pyrrole)-difluoro-borane (1) and (2-(chloro(4-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)pyrrole)-4-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrolato)-difluoro-borane (2) were identified using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The new polymorph of 1 crystallises in the triclinic, P-1 space group with an asymmetric unit comprising two crystallographically-independent molecules (Z′ = 2). The differences between this structure and that of the known polymorph of 1 are attributed to the formation of two distinct dimer motifs in each polymorph and the packing between these dimer units. The new polymorph structure of 2, exhibits a similar asymmetric unit to the known form, comprising 3 molecules (Zʹ = 3). The two structures differ in the orientation of the molecules within the trimeric asymmetric unit and the manner in which these trimers pack along the crystallographic [010] direction.
Graphical Abstract
The triclinic polymorph of 8-chloro BODIPY exhibits an asymmetric unit with two crystallographically-independent molecules.
On Dealing with Minima at the Border of a Simplicial Feasible Area in Simplicial Branch and Bound
Authors: G.-Tóth Boglárka , Hendrix Eligius M. T. , Casado Leocadio G. , Messine Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider a simplicial branch and bound Global Optimization algorithm, where the search region is a simplex. Apart from using longest edge bisection, a simplicial partition set can be reduced due to monotonicity of the objective function. If there is a direction in which the objective function is monotone over a simplex, depending on whether the facets that may contain the minimum are at the border of the search region, we can remove the simplex completely, or reduce it to some of its border facets. Our research question deals with finding monotone directions and labeling facets of a simplex as border after longest edge bisection and reduction due to monotonicity. Experimental results are shown over a set of global optimization problems where the feasible set is defined as a simplex, and a global minimum point is located at a face of the simplicial feasible area.
The Stability of Robustness for Conic Linear Programs with Uncertain Data
Authors: Goberna Miguel A. , Jeyakumar Vaithilingam , Li Guoyin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe robust counterpart of a given conic linear program with uncertain data in the constraints is defined as the robust conic linear program that arises from replacing the nominal feasible set by the robust feasible set of points that remain feasible for any possible perturbation of the data within an uncertainty set. Any minor changes in the size of the uncertainty set can result in significant changes, for instance, in the robust feasible set, robust optimal value and the robust optimal set. The concept of quantifying the extent of these deviations is referred to as the stability of robustness. This paper establishes conditions for the stability of robustness under which minor changes in the size of the uncertainty sets lead to only minor changes in the robust feasible set of a given linear program with cone constraints and ball uncertainty sets.
Structure and thermal properties of acrylic copolymer gels: effect of composition and cross-linking method
Authors: Sternik Dariusz , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna , Siryk Olena , Samchenko Yurii , Derylo-Marczewska Anna , Kernosenko Lyudmila , Pakhlov Eugen , Goncharuk Olena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo approaches to the synthesis of hydrogels based on polyacrylamide (pAAm) with copolymers were compared in the paper—traditional chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking with montmorillonite (MMT). The main aim of the work was to find an adequate replacement of the chemical toxic cross-linking agent MBAAm (N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide) by using non-toxic—natural clay MMT for synthesis of pAAm gels, which are planned to be used as soil conditioners. A series of hydrogels based on acrylic monomers (acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylic acid (AA)) physically cross–linked by MMT and chemically cross-linked were synthesized. For the synthesized gels, the influence of the synthesis method on the formation of the structure and the mechanism of thermal destruction in the presence of air was analyzed using a set of physicochemical methods: FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC and TG/DTG. According to FTIR and XRD data, pAAm-MMT and pAAm-AN-MMT samples formed an intercalated/exfoliated structure, whereas pAAm-AA-MMT had an intercalated structure. The endothermic reaction of decomposition of xerogels based on acrylic polymers with and without MMT was observed using DSC and derivative thermogravimetry analyses, coupled with measurement of FTIR spectra of volatile products of thermolysis. All studied composites were relatively thermoresistant, which had three distinct regions of phase transitions and their thermal decomposition occurred at a temperature range 310–465 °C.
Graphical Abstract
A Causal Analysis of Harm
Authors: Beckers Sander , Chockler Hana , Halpern Joseph Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs autonomous systems rapidly become ubiquitous, there is a growing need for a legal and regulatory framework that addresses when and how such a system harms someone. There have been several attempts within the philosophy literature to define harm, but none of them has proven capable of dealing with the many examples that have been presented, leading some to suggest that the notion of harm should be abandoned and “replaced by more well-behaved notions”. As harm is generally something that is caused, most of these definitions have involved causality at some level. Yet surprisingly, none of them makes use of causal models and the definitions of actual causality that they can express. In this paper, which is an expanded version of the conference paper Beckers et al. (Adv Neural Inform Process Syst 35:2365–2376, 2022), we formally define a qualitative notion of harm that uses causal models and is based on a well-known definition of actual causality. The key features of our definition are that it is based on contrastive causation and uses a default utility to which the utility of actual outcomes is compared. We show that our definition is able to handle the examples from the literature, and illustrate its importance for reasoning about situations involving autonomous systems.
Effectiveness in protecting rigid-block-like objects through horizontal and vertical seismic isolation
Authors: Ferretti Manuel , Di Egidio Angelo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a double, horizontal and vertical base isolation, is considered for the protection of rigid-block-like objects against seismic excitation. The equations of motion, the uplift and impact conditions are obtained under the hypothesis that the block can undergo full-contact and rocking motions. It is assumed that the horizontal isolation device has a hysteretic behavior, described with the Bouc-Wen model, whereas the vertical isolation has a visco-elastic behavior, modeled through a Kelvin-Voight device. Three rigid-block-like objects, representing a caryatid, a server and hospital cabinets are considered. Moreover, as base excitation, three earthquake horizontal and vertical records are selected accounting for their spectral content and PGA. The results of the seismic analysis are arranged in rocking maps and a comparison among the systems with the horizontal and vertical isolation, with only the horizontal isolation, and with no isolation are performed to check the effectiveness of the proposed seismic protection. Results show that the coexistence of horizontal and vertical isolation in protection against seismic excitation is particularly effective under earthquakes with high vertical PGA and in objects with high slenderness and heaviness. Finally, an analysis that consists of exciting the system with horizontal and vertical one-sine, impulsive base accelerations is performed to build the overturning spectra. Also, in this case, the double, horizontal and vertical isolation has manifested better performances than the other analyzed systems.
Assessing Digital Leadership: Is the EU Losing Out to the US?
Authors: Stöllinger Roman , Guarascio Dario 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince Leontief’s (Leontief 1953) seminal work on the factor content of trade, the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin-model has been judged not only on the basis of formal tests of the theory but also tested against prior expectation. In this vein, this paper uses the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) approach to investigate whether supposed US leadership in the digital domain can be traced back to digital task endowments embodied in labour services. In a comparison between EU member states and the US, we find that the latter is more intensive in digital tasks than the EU and that this difference is explained by both an intensity-effect (US occupations being more digital-task intensive) and a structural component (relatively more digital-task intensive occupations). Viewed through the lens of the HOV theorem we find that the US is abundant in digital tasks relative to non-digital tasks, while the opposite is true for the EU. The standard tests for the predictive power of the HOV theorem are high and in line with the results for labour in previous literature.