bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Hemodynamic Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cherney David Z.I. , Perkins Bruce A. , Soleymanlou Nima , Maione Maria , Lai Vesta , Lee Alana , Fagan Nora M. , Woerle Hans J. , Johansen Odd Erik , Broedl Uli C. , von Eynatten Maximilian 
Published: December 2013

Background—
The primary objective of this mechanistic open-label, stratified clinical trial was to determine the effect of 8 weeks’ sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin 25 mg QD on renal hyperfiltration in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).

Methods and Results—

Inulin (glomerular filtration rate; GFR) and paraaminohippurate (effective renal plasma flow) clearances were measured in individuals stratified based on having hyperfiltration (T1D-H, GFR ≥ 135 mL/min/1.73m
2
, n=27) or normal GFR (T1D-N, GFR 90–134 mL/min/1.73m
2
, n=13) at baseline. Renal function and circulating levels of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system mediators and NO were measured under clamped euglycemic (4–6 mmol/L) and hyperglycemic (9–11 mmol/L) conditions at baseline and end of treatment. During clamped euglycemia, hyperfiltration was attenuated by −33 mL/min/1.73m
2
with empagliflozin in T1D-H, (GFR 172±23–139±25 mL/min/1.73 m
2
,
P
<0.01). This effect was accompanied by declines in plasma NO and effective renal plasma flow and an increase in renal vascular resistance (all
P
<0.01). Similar significant effects on GFR and renal function parameters were observed during clamped hyperglycemia. In T1D-N, GFR, other renal function parameters, and plasma NO were not altered by empagliflozin. Empagliflozin reduced hemoglobin A1c significantly in both groups, despite lower insulin doses in each group (
P
≤0.04).

Conclusions—
In conclusion, short-term treatment with the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin attenuated renal hyperfiltration in subjects with T1D, likely by affecting tubular-glomerular feedback mechanisms.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01392560.
Age-adjusted glycated albumin: a more robust parameter to establish glycaemic control in neonatal diabetes mellitus
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Koga Masafumi , Niizeki Noriyasu , Furuya Akiko , Matsuo Kumihiro , Tanahashi Yusuke , Azuma Hiroshi 
Published: December 2013

Background We previously reported that glycated albumin (GA) levels increased in an age-dependent manner in infancy. In order to determine whether this phenomenon is true from infancy to adulthood, we investigated the GA levels in non-diabetic subjects of a wide range of age. Methods GA levels of 376 non-diabetic subjects [average age, 31.8 ± 23.8 years (4 days–78 years)] were determined. A relationship between GA and logarithmically transformed age [log(age)] was analysed. Results GA levels were significantly positively correlated with log(age) [ R = 0.865, P < 0.0001, GA = 1.77 × log(day) + 6.55]. Based on a regression line, we established the formula for adjusting GA levels according to age. Conclusion We showed that GA increases with age from infancy to adulthood and that normal GA levels are demonstrated as a simple regression formula with log(age). This formula allowing us to use the adult reference range has the potential for treatment monitoring of diabetic patients regardless of age.
Performance measures rather than self-report measures of functional status predict home care use in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Brown Cara L. , Finlayson Marcia L. 
Published: December 2013

Background. Occupational therapists frequently assess functional status (FS) to determine the home care (HC) service requirements of older adults. However, it is unclear which type of FS measure is most effective for this purpose. Purpose. This study investigated the predictive ability of three measures of FS (a self-report measure of usual behaviour, a self-report measure of capacity, and an observational performance measure—the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills [PASS]) on formal HC utilization. Method. A secondary analysis of 2001 Aging in Manitoba Longitudinal Study (AIM) data was conducted. Findings. The odds of receiving HC within the 30-month follow-up period were 1.32 times (or 30%) higher for each increase in the number of dependent tasks based upon a standardized performance measure. The self-report measures did not predict HC utilization. Implications. This study suggests that standardized performance measures—in particular, the PASS—are more predictive of formal HC use in community-dwelling older adults than self-report measures.
Impact of social-psychiatric services and psychiatric clinics on involuntary admissions
Authors: Emons Barbara , Haussleiter Ida Sybille , Kalthoff Jörg , Schramm Anja , Hoffmann Knut , Jendreyschak Jasmin , Schaub Markus , Armgart Carina , Juckel Georg , Illes Franciska 
Published: December 2013

Background: Germany provides a wide range of highly developed mental health care to its citizens. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the voluntariness of admissions to psychiatric hospitals. Especially the impact of demographic factors of the region, characteristics of the psychiatric hospitals and characteristics of the psychosocial services was analyzed. Method: A retrospective analysis of hospital admission registers from 13 German adult psychiatric hospitals in 2009 was conducted. Public data on the regional psychiatric accommodation and demographic situation were added. Hospitals were dichotomously divided according to their index of involuntary admissions. Group comparisons were performed between the clinics with low and high involuntary admission indices. Analysis was conducted with clinical, psychiatric provision and demographic data related to inpatients in the Landschaftsverbands Westfalen-Lippe (LWL)-PsychiatryNetwork. Results: Especially the range of services provided by the social-psychiatric services in the region such as number of supervised patients and home visits had an influence on the proportion of involuntary admissions to a psychiatric hospital. Some demographic characteristics of the region such as discretionary income showed further influence. Contrary to our expectations, the characteristics of the individual hospital seem to have no influence on the admission rate. Conclusion: Social-psychiatric services show a preventive impact on involuntary acute psychiatry interventions. Sociodemographic factors and patient variables play a role with regard to the number of involuntary hospitalizations, whereas characteristics of hospitals seemed to play no role.
The effect of illicit financial flows on time to reach the fourth Millennium Development Goal in Sub-Saharan Africa: a quantitative analysis
Authors: O'Hare Bernadette , Makuta Innocent , Bar-Zeev Naor , Chiwaula Levison , Cobham Alex 
Published: December 2013

Objectives This paper sets out to estimate the cost of illicit financial flows (IFF) in terms of the amount of time it could take to reach the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) in 34 African countries. Design We have calculated the percentage increase in gross domestic product (GDP) if IFFs were curtailed using IFF/GDP ratios. We applied the income (GDP) elasticity of child mortality to the increase in GDP to estimate the reduction in time to reach the fourth MDG in 34 African countries. Participants children aged under five years. Settings 34 countries in SSA. Main outcome measures Reduction in time to reach the first indicator of the fourth MDG, under-five mortality rate in the absence of IFF. Results We found that in the 34 SSA countries, six countries will achieve their fourth MDG target at the current rates of decline. In the absence of IFF, 16 countries would reach their fourth MDG target by 2015 and there would be large reductions for all other countries. Conclusions This drain on development is facilitated by financial secrecy in other jurisdictions. Rich and poor countries alike must stem the haemorrhage of IFF by taking decisive steps towards improving financial transparency.
Congenital Perilymph Fistula Causing Recurrent Meningitis: Lessons Learnt from a Single‐Institution Case Series
Authors: Rupa Vedantam , Agarwal Indira , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo study the steps involved in definitive evaluation and successful management of patients with congenital perilymph fistula presenting with recurrent meningitis.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsThe case records of 11 patients (12 ears) treated for congenital perilymph fistula presenting with recurrent meningitis were reviewed to ascertain their clinical, radiological, and intraoperative features and outcome following surgery.ResultsMost patients presented after at least 3 episodes of meningitis (range, 2‐10 episodes). Ipsilateral hearing loss was present in 9 of 12 ears, with normal hearing in 3 patients. High‐resolution computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scanning of the temporal bone contributed to the diagnosis in 75% of cases but was normal in 3 cases (25%). Oval window and round window defects were the most common (66.7% and 63.6%, respectively). Four ears (33.3%) had more than 1 defect. The unusual presentations included 2 patients who presented in adulthood, a patient with a defect in the medial wall of the attic, and 3 patients with normal radiological findings. Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 11 years (median, 2 years). There were 2 failures following simple fistula closure with cessation of symptoms after vestibular obliteration. No patient was readmitted with recurrent meningitis after definitive surgery.ConclusionUp to 25% of patients with recurrent meningitis secondary to congenital perilymph fistula may have normal audiological and radiological assessment necessitating exploratory tympanotomy. Vestibular obliteration, rather than simple fistula closure, prevents recurrence.
Transcranial brain photoplethysmography to study the venules of cerebral cortex in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Viola S , Viola P , Fiorelli L , Buongarzone MP , Litterio P 
Published: December 2013

Objective To evaluate the utility of a transcranial brain photoplethysmography parameter as a potential marker for patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods We investigated 38 patients affected by multiple sclerosis, according to the revised McDonald criteria (12 males and 26 females, mean age 41.1 ± 8.5 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale mean value 2.6 ± 2.1) and compared them with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. By means of transcranial brain photoplethysmography, a safe and non-invasive technology, we measured the increase in cerebral blood volume during compression for 10 s of the internal jugular veins of both sides in sitting position. Results The cerebral blood volume increase was significantly smaller in the multiple sclerosis patients (left frontal cortex: −58%, p < 0.0001; right frontal cortex: −59%, p < 0.0001) compared with the controls. Conclusions Our study reveals that a minor increase in cerebral blood volume on the frontal cortex of both sides in sitting position is associated with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and might be a new marker.
Treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy: A two-year series in a single center in Brazil
Authors: Neto F Coelho , de Araújo GR , Kessler I Moraes , de Amorim R Fernandes Batista , Falcão D Pinheiro 
Published: December 2013

Objectives To portray the initial experience at a public health center of the Federal District of Brazil in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in patients in advanced stages of the disease. Method Eighty-seven reports of patients in C5 and C6 stages, according to CEAP classification, were evaluated for clinical improvements, ulcer-healing rates, and complications of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. McNemar test was used for statistical analysis with the level of significance set at 5% ( P-value, 0.05). Results The results showed high rates of ulcer healing (85%) and significant improvement of symptoms after treatment, such as pain, heaviness, fatigue, burning, paresthesia, and itching ( P < 0.0001). Conclusions An outpatient, low-cost and high-resolution technique, without the need for hospitalization and use of the operating room showed to be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of varicose disease associated with severe chronic venous insufficiency.
McCleery Syndrome
Authors: Likes Kendall , Rochlin Danielle H. , Call Diana , Freischlag Julie A. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives: Patients presenting with swelling of the upper extremity without thrombosis have McCleery syndrome or intermittent compression of the subclavian vein. The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes in these patients who underwent first rib resection and scalenectomy (FRRS). Methods: Using a prospectively maintained database from 2003 to 2011, patients were retrospectively reviewed for presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Results: Of the patients presenting with venous thoracic outlet syndrome, 19 (11%; 13 F/6 M; mean age 26 [10-44]) presented with intermittent arm swelling, of which 3 were identified as having chronic thrombus. A total of 20 FRRS operations were performed. Conclusions: First rib resection and scalenectomy is effective in relieving symptoms in patients with McCleery syndrome. These patients do not generally need a postoperative venogram unless they experience continuing symptoms. In patients with chronic thrombus, routine postoperative venography at 2 weeks is indicated. Patients can present with intermittent compression if an acute episode of deep vein thrombosis is not aggressively treated.
Potent antimyeloma activity of the novel bromodomain inhibitors I-BET151 and I-BET762
Authors: Chaidos Aristeidis , Caputo Valentina , Gouvedenou Katerina , Liu Binbin , Marigo Ilaria , Chaudhry Mohammed Suhail , Rotolo Antonia , Tough David F. , Smithers Nicholas N. , Bassil Anna K. , Chapman Trevor D. , Harker Nicola R. , Barbash Olena , Tummino Peter , Al-Mahdi Niam , Haynes Andrea C. , Cutler Leanne , Le BaoChau , Rahemtulla Amin , Roberts Irene , Kleijnen Maurits , Witherington Jason J. , Parr Nigel J. , Prinjha Rab K. , Karadimitris Anastasios 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
I-BET151 and I-BET-762 induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in myeloma cells associated with MYC downregulation and HEXIM1 upregulation. Preclinical functional and pharmacologic profiling of I-BET762 supports its use in phase 1 clinical studies.
Synchronized integrin engagement and chemokine activation is crucial in neutrophil extracellular trap–mediated sterile inflammation
Authors: Rossaint Jan , Herter Jan M. , Van Aken Hugo , Napirei Markus , Döring Yvonne , Weber Christian , Soehnlein Oliver , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: December 2013

Key PointsNET formation is required for neutrophil recruitment during sterile inflammation. Platelet-induced NET formation requires stimulation of neutrophils by platelet chemokines and outside-in signaling via the integrin Mac-1.
High-level transgene expression in induced pluripotent stem cell–derived megakaryocytes: correction of Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Sullivan Spencer K. , Mills Jason A. , Koukouritaki Sevasti B. , Vo Karen K. , Lyde Randolph B. , Paluru Prasuna , Zhao Guoha , Zhai Li , Sullivan Lisa M. , Wang Yuhuan , Kishore Siddharth , Gharaibeh Eyad Z. , Lambert Michele P. , Wilcox David A. , French Deborah L. , Poncz Mortimer , Gadue Paul 
Published: December 2013

Key PointsWhen targeted to a single allele of the AAVS1 locus, the Gp1ba promoter drives a high level of expression specifically to megakaryocytes. Transgene rescue in iPSCs provides a model for the return of surface αIIbβ3 expression to near-normal levels in patients with type I GT.
Detoxification and stress response genes expressed in a western North American bumble bee, Bombus huntii(Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Xu Junhuan , Strange James P , Welker Dennis L , James Rosalind R 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The Hunt bumble bee (Bombus huntii Greene, Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a holometabolous, social insect important as a pollinator in natural and agricultural ecosystems in western North America. Bumble bees spend a significant amount of time foraging on a wide variety of flowering plants, and this activity exposes them to both plant toxins and pesticides, posing a threat to individual and colony survival. Little is known about what detoxification pathways are active in bumble bees, how the expression of detoxification genes changes across life stages, or how the number of detoxification genes expressed in B. huntii compares to other insects.

Results
We found B. huntii expressed at least 584 genes associated with detoxification and stress responses. The expression levels of some of these genes, such as those encoding the cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and glycosidases, vary among different life stages to a greater extent than do other genes. We also found that the number of P450s, GSTs and esterase genes expressed by B. huntii is similar to the number of these genes found in the genomes of other bees, namely Bombus terrestris, Bombus impatiens, Apis mellifera and Megachile rotundata, but many fewer than are found in the fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Conclusions

Bombus huntii has transcripts for a large number of detoxification and stress related proteins, including oxidation and reduction enzymes, conjugation enzymes, hydrolytic enzymes, ABC transporters, cadherins, and heat shock proteins. The diversity of genes expressed within some detoxification pathways varies among the life stages and castes, and we typically identified more genes in the adult females than in larvae, pupae, or adult males, for most pathways. Meanwhile, we found the numbers of detoxification and stress genes expressed by B. huntii to be more similar to other bees than to the fruit fly. The low number of detoxification genes, first noted in the honey bee, appears to be a common phenomenon among bees, and perhaps results from their symbiotic relationship with plants. Many flowering plants benefit from pollinators, and thus offer these insects rewards (such as nectar) rather than defensive plant toxins.
A novel dominant glossy mutation causes suppression of wax biosynthesis pathway and deficiency of cuticular wax in Brassica napus
Authors: Pu Yuanyuan , Gao Jie , Guo Yanli , Liu Tingting , Zhu Lixia , Xu Ping , Yi Bin , Wen Jing , Tu Jinxing , Ma Chaozhi , Fu Tingdong , Zou Jitao , Shen Jinxiong 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The aerial parts of land plants are covered with cuticular waxes that limit non-stomatal water loss and gaseous exchange, and protect plants from ultraviolet radiation and pathogen attack. This is the first report on the characterization and genetic mapping of a novel dominant glossy mutant (BnaA.GL) in Brassica napus.

Results
Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cuticle ultrastructure of GL mutant leaf and stem were altered dramatically compared with that of wide type (WT). Scanning electron microscopy corroborated the reduction of wax on the leaf and stem surface. A cuticular wax analysis of the GL mutant leaves further confirmed the drastic decrease in the total wax content, and a wax compositional analysis revealed an increase in aldehydes but a severe decrease in alkanes, ketones and secondary alcohols. These results suggested a likely blockage of the decarbonylation step in the wax biosynthesis pathway. Genetic mapping narrowed the location of the BnaA.GL gene to the end of A9 chromosome. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip assay in combination with bulk segregant analysis (BSA) also located SNPs in the same region. Two SNPs, two single sequence repeat (SSR) markers and one IP marker were located on the flanking region of the BnaA.GL gene at a distance of 0.6 cM. A gene homologous to ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) was located in the mapped region. A cDNA microarray chip assay revealed coordinated down regulation of genes encoding enzymes of the cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway in the glossy mutant, with BnCER1 being one of the most severely suppressed genes.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that surface wax biosynthesis is broadly affected in the glossy mutant due to the suppression of the BnCER1 and other wax-related genes. These findings offer novel clues for elucidating the molecular basis of the glossy phenotype.
Acute coronary syndrome in young Sub-Saharan Africans: A prospective study of 21 cases
Authors: Sarr Moustapha , Ba Djibril Mari , Ndiaye Mouhamadou Bamba , Bodian Malick , Jobe Modou , Kane Adama , Diao Maboury , Mbaye Alassane , Dia Mouhamadoul Mounir , Pessinaba Soulemane , Kane Abdoul , Ba Serigne Abdou 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in developed countries. In Africa, the disease continues to rise with varying rates of progression in different countries. At present, there is little available work on its juvenile forms. The objective of this work was to study the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of acute coronary syndrome in young Sub-Saharan Africans.

Methods
This was a prospective multicenter study done at the different departments of cardiology in Dakar. We included all patients of age 40 years and below, and who were admitted for acute coronary syndrome between January 1st, 2005 and July 31st, 2007. We collected and analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary data of the patients.

Results
Hospital prevalence of acute coronary syndrome in young people was 0.45% (21/4627) which represented 6.8% of all cases of acute coronary syndrome admitted during the same period. There was a strong male predominance with a sex-ratio (M:F) of 6. The mean age of patients was 34 ± 1.9 years (range of 24 and 40 years). The main risk factor was smoking, found in 52.4% of cases and the most common presenting symptom was chest pain found in 95.2% of patients. The average time delay before medical care was 14.5 hours. Diagnosis of ST- elevation myocardial infarction in 85.7% of patients and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 14.3% was made by the combination electrocardiographic features and troponin assay. Echocardiography found a decreased left ventricular systolic function in 37.5% of the patients and intraventricular thrombus in 20% of them. Thrombolysis using streptokinase was done in 44.4% of the patients with ST- elevation myocardial infarction. Hospital mortality was 14.3%.

Conclusion
Acute coronary syndrome is present in young Sub-Saharan Africans. The main risk factor found was smoking.