bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty with Large Diameter Metal-on-Metal Heads: Short-Term Survivorship of 8059 Hips from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Mokka J. , Mäkelä K. T. , Virolainen P. , Remes V. , Pulkkinen P. , Eskelinen A. 
Published: June 2013

Background and Aims: Population-based register data from the National Joint Register of Australia and England and Wales have revealed that the mid-term outcome of cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty is inferior to that of conventional cemented metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to compare the results of cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty with conventional cemented arthroplasty in Finland. The second aim of this study was to compare the cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal models with each other. Material and Methods: Based on the data extracted from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register, the risk of revision of 8059 cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties performed during 2002–2009 was analyzed using Cox regression model. The revision risk of these hips was compared to that of 16,978 cemented metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasties performed during the same time period. Results: In the Cox regression analysis, there was no difference in revision risks between cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty and cemented metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty (relative risk = 0.90, confidence interval = 0.74–1.10, p = 0.3). However, in female patients aged 55 years or above, cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip replacements showed a significantly increased risk of revision as compared to cemented total hip replacements (relative risk = 1.33, confidence interval = 1.04–1.70). Compared to the reference implant in this study (cementless Synergy stem combined with Birmingham Hip Resurfacing [BHR] cup), the CementLess Spotorno (CLS) stem combined with Durom cup had a 2.9-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.17–6.90) increased risk of revision. Conclusions: We found that cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty had short-term survivorship compared with cemented total hip arthroplasty at a nation-wide level. However, in female patients aged 55 years or above, cementless large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty showed inferior results. Furthermore, implant design had an influence on revision rates. Longer follow-up time is needed to assess the success of large diameter head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.
Should We Abandon Wire-Guided Localization for Nonpalpable Breast Cancer? A Plea for Wire-Guided Localization
Authors: de Roos M. A. J. , Welvaart W. N. , Ong K. H. 
Published: June 2013

Background and Aims: To evaluate wire-guided localization for nonpalpable breast cancer regarding procedure and surgery-related outcome in a nonteaching community hospital in the Netherlands. Material and Methods: A consecutive series of 117 patients who were treated with breast-conserving surgery after wire-guided localization for nonpalpable breast cancer between January 2006 and December 2010 was retrospectively analyzed. The patients’ digital records were reviewed for patient, radiological, histological, and surgical characteristics. In order to quantify the excess resected tissue, a calculated resection ratio was determined by dividing the total resection volume by the optimal resection volume. The optimal resection volume was defined as a spherical tumor volume with an added 1.0 cm margin. The total resection volume was defined as the corresponding ellipsoid. Results: There were no procedure-related complications. There were two postoperative hemorrhages. Margins were clear in 92.3% of the cases after the first surgical procedure. Eight (6.8%) patients required two operations and one (0.9%) patient required three operations in order to obtain negative margins. Breast conservation was possible in 113 (96.6%) patients. The median calculated resection ratio was 1.87 (range 0.47–14.92). Conclusions: This study proves that it is possible to obtain excellent results performing breast-conserving surgery for nonpalpable breast cancer regarding margin status, total amount of operations, and the ratio between tumor and resected tissue volume using wire-guided localization as a localization tool.
Clinical and Proctoscopic Evaluation of Topical Formalin Application in the Treatment of Chronic Radiation Proctitis
Authors: Eriksen P. L. , Tougaard R. S. , Tøttrup A. 
Published: June 2013

Background and Aims: Chronic radiation proctitis is a disease associated with radiotherapy of cancer in the pelvic region. The main symptom is rectal bleeding. Several treatment modalities have been attempted, but few have demonstrated satisfactory effects. We present our experience with formalin applied locally to the rectal mucosa in the treatment of chronic radiation proctitis. Furthermore, we assess possible complications, the gravest suggested being cancer. Previous studies on the subject have reported good results, but often with a somewhat vaguely defined follow-up. Our evaluation of the treatment was based on both subjective symptoms and proctoscopic findings. Material and Methods: A small study (N = 11) was conducted retrospectively. All patients treated for chronic radiation proctitis with formalin in our clinic were identified, and data concerning effect and complications were collected by studying the patients’ records, with a questionnaire and a follow-up interview and proctoscopy. Results: The study showed a marked decrease in bleeding and objective signs of proctitis in all patients. Complete cessation of bleeding was achieved in five patients. Possible complications to the treatment detected in our study were the following: anorectal pain, tenesmus, incontinence, diarrhea, and mucous rectal discharge. No signs of neoplasia were found. Conclusions: The formalin treatment had a very good effect on chronic radiation proctitis. Possible complications were detected. Except in the case of anorectal pain, these are all of a questionable nature and can possibly be attributed to chronic radiation proctitis itself rather than the formalin treatment. Further study is warranted to confirm long-term effects of the formalin and to exclude possible complications, especially secondary anorectal cancer.
Hyperbilirubinemia as a Predictor for Appendiceal Perforation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Burcharth J. , Pommergaard H. C. , Rosenberg J. , Gögenur I. 
Published: June 2013

Background and Aims: Delayed or wrong diagnosis in patients with appendicitis can result in perforation and consequently increased morbidity and mortality. Serum bilirubin may be a useful marker for appendiceal perforation. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate studies investigating elevated serum bilirubin as a predictor for appendiceal perforation. Material and Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies evaluating elevated bilirubin in the diagnosis of perforated appendicitis. Study selection criteria included English language papers evaluating serum bilirubin as a marker of appendiceal perforation in humans. A total of 189 abstracts were screened for eligibility, of which five clinical studies were included in this study. Results: Bilirubin was significantly higher in patients with appendiceal perforation compared with patients with appendicitis without perforation. Elevated serum bilirubin had a sensitivity ranging from 0.38 to 0.77 and a specificity ranging from 0.70 to 0.87 in predicting appendiceal perforation. Conclusions: Elevated serum bilirubin for determining the risk of perforation in appendicitis has low sensitivity but higher specificity. This measure can therefore be used as a supplement in the diagnostic process.
Perioperative Complications after Cemented or Uncemented Hemiarthroplasty in Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Yli-Kyyny T. , Ojanperä J. , Venesmaa P. , Kettunen J. , Miettinen H. , Salo J. , Kröger H. 
Published: June 2013

Background and Aims: Both cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasties are acceptable methods for treating displaced femoral neck fractures. Cemented hemiarthroplasty has traditionally been recommended as being more safe and reliable. However, the cementing process carries a risk of fat embolism and cardiovascular problems. This study attempted to determine whether these complications can be avoided when using a modern uncemented stem. Material and Methods: We retrospectively compared 222 hip fracture patients treated with hemiarthroplasty in our hospital. A total of 100 of these patients were treated with a hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented hemiendoprosthesis (Bi-Metric BFx) and 122 patients with a cemented hemiendoprosthesis (Lubinus SPII). Information on mortality and complications during the first 18.7 months was retrieved from patient files. Results and Conclusions: Nine perioperative fat-embolic events were found in the cemented group and none in the uncemented group. During the initial hospital treatment, there were five deaths (4.1%) in the cemented group and one death (1%) in the uncemented group. There were significantly more perioperative fractures in the uncemented versus cemented group (7% versus 0.8%). We conclude that uncemented hemiarthroplasty is associated with more perioperative fractures than cemented hemiarthroplasty. However, perioperative cardiovascular disturbances may be less frequent with uncemented hemiarthroplasty, and early mortality may be lower with uncemented hemiarthroplasty.
Adenomas with Adenocarcinoma: A Study Evaluating the Risk Of Residual Cancer And Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Steigen S. E. , Isaksen V. , Skjæveland A. , Vonen B. 
Published: June 2013

Background and Aims: The increasing number of cases with colorectal adenomas with adenocarcinoma necessitates renewed evaluation of classification systems and risk factors. The aim for this retrospective study was to evaluate the potential risk of residual cancer and lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal adenomas with adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods: An investigation of adenomas with adenocarcinoma in 74 patients was performed on histological slides and compared with clinical characteristics. A total of 44 of the samples were from macroscopically and microscopically completely resected lesions, and cancer at extended surgery was compared with pathology reports, classifications, and histopathological features. Results: In all, 26 cases of adenomas with adenocarcinoma in the rectum and rectosigmoid were among women and 11 in men while 22 men as opposed to 15 women had primary lesions in colon, giving a significant association between gender and localization ( p = 0.01). For macroscopically and microscopically fully resected lesions, Haggitt classification or submucosal invasion did not correlate with cancer at extended surgery. The lack of information on resection margins in the primary pathology reports was found to correlate significantly with residual cancer at extended surgery ( p < 0.001) with residual cancer in 3 out of the 10 cases with no information, 1 out of the 5 where the resection margins were uncertain, 1 out of the 4 where the resection margins were not free, and none of the 25 cases when the resection margins were reported as free. In colon, 1 case out of the 6 with extended surgery (16.7%) was diagnosed with residual cancer compared with 4 out of the 10 (40%) from rectum. Conclusions: Haggitt or submucosal classifications were not found to be predictors for residual cancer in the remaining bowel tissue or lymph node metastasis. The only significant factor indicating increased risk of residual cancer was the lack of information on resection margins in the pathology report. Surgeons should therefore be alert when adenomas with adenocarcinomas are not confirmed as microscopically free in the pathology report.
Large-Diameter (30–35 mm) Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation of The Pylorus In Patients With Gastric Outlet Obstruction Symptoms After Esophagectomy
Authors: Ericson J. , Sunde B. , Lindblad M. , Nilsson M. , Lundell L. , Tsai J. A. 
Published: June 2013

Background and Aims: Functional gastric outlet obstruction is a common problem after esophagectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treating this group of patients with pneumatic dilatation of the pyloric sphincter region using a large-diameter (30–35 mm) balloon. Material and Methods: A review of all patients who had undergone pneumatic dilatation of the pylorus sphincter because of gastric outlet obstruction symptoms after esophagectomy at the Karolinska University Hospital from 2006–2011 was completed. Main outcomes were recordings of nausea, regurgitation and bloating. Results: A total of 13 patients received pneumatic dilatation after an esophagectomy. The median time between esophagectomy and the first dilatation was 100 days, and the patients underwent a total of 21 dilatations (1–3 per patient) to a final median diameter of 30 mm. No procedure-related complications occurred. The median follow-up time was 205 days, and nausea and regurgitation improved significantly (p < 0.001, Fisher’s test). Conclusions: Pneumatic dilatation of the pylorus using a large-diameter pneumatic balloon seems to be a safe and effective method for treating symptoms suggestive of gastric outlet obstruction after esophagectomy. To document its true effectiveness, a randomized and sham-controlled study is needed.
Fibrocytes represent a novel MDSC subset circulating in patients with metastatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Hua , Maric Irena , DiPrima Michael J. , Khan Javed , Orentas Rimas J. , Kaplan Rosandra N. , Mackall Crystal L. 
Published: June 2013

Key PointsMyeloid cells in subjects with cancer contain fibrocytes, a cell subset previously implicated in chronic inflammation. Fibrocytes in cancer patients are immunosuppressive and may contribute to immune escape.
cAMP-induced secretion of endothelial von Willebrand factor is regulated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation switch in annexin A2
Authors: Brandherm Ines , Disse Jennifer , Zeuschner Dagmar , Gerke Volker 
Published: June 2013

Key PointsA calcineurin-like phosphatase dephosphorylates annexin A2 in the course of cAMP-induced Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. Dephosphorylation at serine 11 of annexin A2 triggers complex formation with S100A10 that is required for von Willebrand factor secretion.
Evolution and divergence of the mammalian SAMD9/SAMD9L gene family
Authors: Lemos de Matos Ana , Liu Jia , McFadden Grant , Esteves Pedro J 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe physiological functions of the human Sterile Alpha Motif Domain-containing 9 (SAMD9) gene and its chromosomally adjacent paralogue,SAMD9-like (SAMD9L), currently remain unknown. However, the direct links between the deleterious mutations or deletions in these two genes and several human disorders, such as inherited inflammatory calcified tumors and acute myeloid leukemia, suggest their biological importance. SAMD9 and SAMD9L have also recently been shown to play key roles in the innate immune responses to stimuli such as viral infection. We were particularly interested in understanding the mammalian evolutionary history of these two genes. The phylogeny ofSAMD9andSAMD9Lgenes was reconstructed using the Maximum Likelihood method. Furthermore, six different methods were applied to detect SAMD9 and SAMD9L codons under selective pressure: the site-specific model M8 implemented in the codeml program in PAML software and five methods available on the Datamonkey web server, including the Single Likelihood Ancestor Counting method, the Fixed Effect Likelihood method, the Random Effect Likelihood method, the Mixed Effects Model of Evolution method and the Fast Unbiased Bayesian AppRoximation method. Additionally, the house mouse (Mus musculus) genome has lost theSAMD9gene,while keepingSAMD9Lintact, prompting us to investigate whether this loss is a unique event during evolution.ResultsOur evolutionary analyses suggest thatSAMD9andSAMD9Larose through an ancestral gene duplication event after the divergence of Marsupialia from Placentalia. Additionally, selection analyses demonstrated that both genes have been subjected to positive evolutionary selection. The absence of eitherSAMD9orSAMD9Lgenes from some mammalian species supports a partial functional redundancy between the two genes.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this work is the first study on the evolutionary history of mammalianSAMD9andSAMD9Lgenes. We conclude that evolutionary selective pressure has acted on both of these two genes since their divergence, suggesting their importance in multiple cellular processes, such as the immune responses to viral pathogens.
Inference of synergy/antagonism between anticancer drugs from the pooled analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Kang Wenfeng , DiPaola Robert S , Vazquez Alexei 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Drug interactions can have a significant impact on the response to combinatorial therapy for anticancer treatment. In some instances these interactions can be anticipated based on pre-clinical models. However, the anticipation of drug interactions in the clinical context is in general a challenging task.

Methods
Here we propose the pooled analysis of clinical trials as a mean to investigate drug interactions in anticancer therapy. To this end we collected 1,163 Phase II clinical trials with response data on over 53,745 subjects.

Results
We provide statistical definitions of drugs resulting in clinical synergy and antagonism and identify drug combinations in each group. We also quantify the possibility of inferring interactions between three or more drugs from parameters characterizing the action of single and two-drugs combinations.

Conclusions
Our analysis provides a statistical methodology to track the performance of drug combinations in anticancer therapy and to quantify drug interactions in the clinical context.
Global profiling of prolactin-modulated transcripts in breast cancer in vivo
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Tran Thai H , Peck Amy R , Liu Chengbao , Ertel Adam , Lin Justin , Neilson Lynn M , Rui Hallgeir 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Prolactin (PRL) is essential for normal mammary gland development. PRL promotes mammary tumor formation in rodents and elevated serum prolactin is associated with increased risk of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in women. On the other hand, PRL may also exert pro-differentiation effects and act to suppress invasive features of established breast cancer. Previously published limited global transcript profiling analyses of prolactin-regulated gene expression in human breast cancer cells have exclusively been performed in vitro. The present study aimed to shed new light on how PRL modulates estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer through global transcript profiling of a human breast cancer xenograft model in vivo.

Methods
The prolactin-responsive human T47D breast cancer cell line was xenotransplanted into nude mice and global transcript profiling was carried out following treatment with or without human PRL for 48 h. A subset of PRL-modulated transcripts was further validated using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results
The in vivo analyses identified 130 PRL-modulated transcripts, 75 upregulated and 55 downregulated, based on fold change >1.6 and P-value <0.05. From this initial panel of transcripts, a subset of 18 transcripts with established breast cancer-relevance were selected and validated by qRT-PCR. Some but not all of the transcripts were also PRL-modulated in vitro. The selected PRL-modulated transcripts were tested for dependence on Stat5, Jak1 or Jak2 activation, and for co-regulation by 17β-estradiol (E2). The protein encoded by one of the PRL-regulated transcripts, PTHrP, was examined in a panel of 92 human breast cancers and found by in situ quantitative immunofluorescence analysis to be highly positively correlated with nuclear localized and tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that PRL-upregulated genes were enriched in pathways involved in differentiation. Finally, a gene signature based on PRL-upregulated genes was associated with prolonged relapse-free and metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients.

Conclusions
This global analysis identified and validated a panel of PRL-modulated transcripts in an ER-positive human breast cancer xenotransplant model, which may have value as markers of relapse-free and metastasis-free survival. Gene products identified in the present study may facilitate ongoing deciphering of the pleiotropic effects of PRL on human breast cancer.
Nectin-2 is a potential target for antibody therapy of breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Oshima Tsutomu , Sato Shuji , Kato Junichi , Ito Yuki , Watanabe Takahiro , Tsuji Isamu , Hori Akira , Kurokawa Tomofumi , Kokubo Toshio 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Nectin-2 is a Ca2+-independent cell-cell adhesion molecule that is one of the plasma membrane components of adherens junctions. However, little has been reported about the involvement of Nectin-2 in cancer.

Methods
To determine the expression of Nectin-2 in cancer tissues and cancer cell lines, we performed gene expression profile analysis, immunohistochemistry studies, and flow cytometry analysis. We also investigated the potential of this molecule as a target for antibody therapeutics to treat cancers by generating and characterizing an anti-Nectin-2 rabbit polyclonal antibody (poAb) and 256 fully human anti-Nectin-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In addition, we tested anti-Nectin-2 mAbs in several in vivo tumor growth inhibition models to investigate the primary mechanisms of action of the mAbs.

Results
In the present study, we found that Nectin-2 was over-expressed in clinical breast and ovarian cancer tissues by using gene expression profile analysis and immunohistochemistry studies. Nectin-2 was over-expressed in various cancer cell lines as well. Furthermore, the polyclonal antibody specific to Nectin-2 suppressed the in vitro proliferation of OV-90 ovarian cancer cells, which express endogenous Nectin-2 on the cell surface. The anti-Nectin-2 mAbs we generated were classified into 7 epitope bins. The anti-Nectin-2 mAbs demonstrated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and epitope bin-dependent features such as the inhibition of Nectin-2-Nectin-2 interaction, Nectin-2-Nectin-3 interaction, and in vitro cancer cell proliferation. A representative anti-Nectin-2 mAb in epitope bin VII, Y-443, showed anti-tumor effects against OV-90 cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in mouse therapeutic models, and its main mechanism of action appeared to be ADCC.

Conclusions
We observed the over-expression of Nectin-2 in breast and ovarian cancers and anti-tumor activity of anti-Nectin-2 mAbs via strong ADCC. These findings suggest that Nectin-2 is a potential target for antibody therapy against breast and ovarian cancers.