bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lerend monitoren en evalueren binnen gemeentelijke gezondheidsprojecten: inzichten op basis van elf projecten
Authors: ter Bogt Maud J. J. , Penders Sid , Fransen Gerdine A. J. , Gubbels Jessica S. 
Published: February 2025

Samenvatting
Veel Nederlandse gemeenten implementeren een of meer gezondheidsaanpakken, bijvoorbeeld rond roken, bewegen of gezond gewicht. Lerend Monitoren en Evalueren (LME) is hier vaak – in meer of mindere mate – onderdeel van. Dit artikel beschrijft hoe elf projecten binnen het ZonMw-programma Gemeenten Samen Gezond LME toepassen, en wat hierbij de ervaren kernelementen zijn: effectief diverse stakeholders erbij betrekken, cyclisch tot acties komen en bijsturen, continu monitoren en informatie verzamelen, LME (resultaten) borgen en continueren na de projectperiode, en LME (resultaten) overdragen naar andere contexten. We adviseren stakeholders LME toe te passen op een manier die past bij hun lokale context, doel en de betreffende onderzoeks-/praktijkvraag.
Inconclusive Prospective Effect of Dispositional Mindfulness on Looming: A Simulated Reanalysis and Comment on Prieto-Fidalgo and Calvete (2024)
Authors: Sorjonen Kimmo , Melin Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Based on results from analyses with cross-lagged panel models, Prieto-Fidalgo and Calvete (2024) proposed that non-judging and non-reactivity, two facets of dispositional mindfulness, protect against looming. For the present commentary, we simulated data that resembled the data analyzed by Prieto-Fidalgo and Calvete. Triangulation was employed by fitting complementary models to the simulated data. The results indicated contradicting negative, positive, and null associations between prior dispositional mindfulness and subsequent change in looming. These discrepant results indicate that it is premature to postulate a protective effect of dispositional mindfulness on looming and the conclusions by Prieto-Fidalgo and Calvete in this regard can be questioned. It is vital for researchers to be mindful of the fact that adjusted cross-lagged effects, as well as other correlations, do not prove causality. Otherwise, researchers risk overinterpreting results, something that seems to have happened to Prieto-Fidalgo and Calvete. More broadly, the present commentary underscores the importance of methodological rigor and carefulness when interpreting findings from observational (i.e., non-experimental) studies on mindfulness as well as in other research areas. Researchers are encouraged to use triangulation and to fit complementary models to their data. This allows evaluation if observed associations might suggest true causal effects or if the associations seem to be spurious.
Mapping, characterisation, and analysis of initiatives with transformative capacity: A scoping review
Authors: Sardão Maíra , Silva Pedro Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing complexity of socio-environmental vulnerabilities and inherent challenges have led scholars to study nonlinear systemic societal changes. Approaches to address these challenges range from adaptation to the predominant system, to the reconfiguration of the social and ecological life system. The study identifies the key characteristics, dynamics and contextual features of transformative initiatives and assesses their potential to challenge the dominant system. It also aims to review the studies of alternative non-capitalist experiences across a diverse geographic and cultural contexts. To achieve that purpose, a scoping review of empirical studies published since 2000 was conducted. The 88 cases analysed evidence practices rooted in cooperative and solidarity values. These practices include alternative approaches to production, consumption, and distribution, as well as the sharing of knowledge, experiences, and resources. The studies also point to the need to recreate and reorganise the commons, to change human and non-human interactions, and to achieve self-sufficiency.
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus
quadricauda microalgae with a batch bioreactor
Authors: Göncü S. , Şimşek Uygun B. , Atakan S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The excess nutrients in the wastewater, like ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphates, are leading water bodies to eutrophication. The traditional biological treatment methods for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater are expensive, mainly because there's not enough natural material to help break them down. Microalgae hold immense potential as an environmentally sustainable resource in treatment plants for wastewater treatment. This study aims to understand how nitrogen and phosphorus pollution can be reduced in household wastewater using special types of algae called Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda in a controlled three batch bioreactor to see how they affect the organic carbon content. It has been observed that Scenedesmus quadricauda is more effective in removing ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (83.5%), orthophosphate (PO4
−3) (57.9%), and total carbon (TC) (86.7%) from household wastewater compared to Chlorella vulgaris. On the other hand, Chlorella vulgaris shows double the efficiency in removing total nitrogen (TN) (%76.5) compared to Scenedesmus quadricauda. While both types of algae are good at removing inorganic carbon and ammonia nitrogen, they show relatively lower efficiency in removing nitrate nitrogen (NO3
−-N) (%39) and orthophosphate. The kinetic modeling of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda microalgaes are determined for optimize water treatment process. For substrate of NH3-N due to their consumption priority, µmax is 1.85 day−1, Ks is 33.3 mg/L. Besides, for Chlorella vulgaris, using the substrate of NH3-N, µmax is 1.05 day−1, Ks is 11.2 mg/L.
Electron beam powder bed fusion of Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo alloy: microstructure evolution and high-temperature mechanical properties
Authors: Saboori Abdollah , Tognoli Emanuele , Galati Manuela , Denti Lucia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo (Ti6242) is a promising alloy for hot engine parts and gas turbine components, such as discs, impellers, and turbines, due to its excellent performance, particularly at high working temperatures. However, there has been limited research on its thermomechanical performance and microstructural evolution at high temperatures. This study aims to investigate the microstructural evolution and flow behaviour of this alloy produced via the electron beam powder bed fusion process. The plastic response in a temperature range of 25–620 °C was investigated using warm tensile tests under a constant strain rate. The outcomes showed that the plastic deformation capacity of the alloy extends significantly by increasing the temperature due to the annihilation of the dislocation density and activation of pyramidal slip systems. Microstructural observations revealed that with increasing temperature, even if the initial size of the β-grains remained in the range of 30–60 µm, the width of α lath enlarged. In addition, it was found that with higher test temperatures, the lattice strain diminished, while the crystallite size increased, which affected the tensile strength of the material. Analysis of the fracture surface revealed a mixed fracture mode of ductile and brittle nature at room temperature, while a completely ductile fracture was obtained at high temperatures. All in all, it can be concluded that among the materials produced by electron beam powder bed fusion, the mechanical performance of Ti6242 alloy can surpass that of Ti-6Al-4 V(Ti64) in the temperature range studied and is also superior to the same Ti6242 alloy produced by casting. This work paves the way for the replacement of the widely used Ti64 or heavier alloys, particularly for highly loaded parts at high temperatures.
A Multidecadal Assessment of Drought Intensification in the Middle East and North Africa: The Role of Global Warming and Rainfall Deficit
Authors: Kenawy Ahmed El , Al-Awadhi Talal , Abdullah Meshal , Ostermann Frank O. , Abulibdeh Ammar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of drought distribution and severity across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1981 to 2021, utilizing two widely recognized drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We employed the CRU TS v. 4.07 datasets to assess changes in drought characteristics (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration, and severity) at the 12-months timescale for the main Koppen-Geiger climate zones in the region. Results indicate a significant shift from wetter conditions before 1998 to more frequent drought occurrences post-1998, particularly in northern MENA, including North Africa, the Levant, and western parts of the Arabian Peninsula, northern Iraq, and western Iran. Both the SPI and SPEI indicate significant positive changes in drought frequency across 19.4% of the MENA region during the period 1998–2021, compared to 12.9% in the earlier period of 1981–1997. The SPEI, which incorporates the effects of evapotranspiration, demonstrated a more pronounced increase in drought frequency and severity than the SPI, reflecting the growing impact of rising temperatures in the most recent decades. The region experienced more frequent and prolonged, but less intense, droughts in the past two decades. Spatially, the SPEI highlighted significant drought intensification in temperate and cold desert (CWb, BWk) zones across the region, primarily driven by increasing air temperatures. On the other hand, SPI tended to capture well the mild and moderate drought events, while it underestimated the severity of the most anomalous dry events (i.e., severe, extreme, and very extreme). For example, in comparison to the SPI, the SPEI indicated an increase of 15% in the areas affected by severe to very extreme droughts in arid regions (Aw). The study also noted discrepancies between the SPI and SPEI in hyper-arid regions like the Sahara and Arabian Peninsula (BWh), emphasizing the importance of using temperature-inclusive indices like SPEI for more accurate drought assessments in warmer and water-limited climates in the region. Our findings indicate that the SPEI can be seen as a more reliable indicator for understanding drought severity in the region in the context of global warming. Overall, our findings emphasize the urgency of adopting adaptation and mitigation strategies to address the increasing frequency and severity of droughts due to global warming.
How Do Preservice Teachers Plan to Respond to Perpetrators and Victims of Bullying? A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Dawes Molly , Lohrbach Emily 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bullying is a critical problem for schools with teachers serving as key agents in antibullying efforts. To evaluate preservice teachers’ readiness to deal with bullying in the classroom, the current study assessed how preservice teachers plan to respond to perpetrators and victims of bullying using a qualitative design. Using a sample of preservice teachers (N = 68, 82.4% female, 73.5% White) drawn from an initial teacher education program, we thematically analyzed their responses to bullying vignettes. A wide range of intervention responses were found that fell within three broad themes: no intervention, passive/indirect responses, and active/direct responses. Comparing preservice teachers’ planned responses to existing recommendations yielded three overarching findings. First, some preservice teachers plan to use recommend practices including confronting (i.e., discipline) and non-confronting (i.e., empathy-arousal) approaches toward perpetrators, supportive-individual strategies toward victims (e.g., validate harm caused, offer emotional support), enlisting other adults (e.g., parents, guidance counselors), and engaging in peer social dynamics management practices (e.g., facilitating peer interaction opportunities). Second, and concerningly, some preservice teachers may not intervene at all or may use passive/indirect responses (e.g., encourage perpetrator to befriend victim, encourage victim to ignore, stand up for themselves, or brush it off). Third, additional themes in preservice teachers’ responses emerged that require investigation to clarify their effectiveness (e.g., addressing perpetrators and victims privately versus publicly). Implications for research on teacher interventions and practice are discussed.
A Novel Method for Deriving High-Order Frequency Equations with Applications to Cantilever Beam Vibrations
Authors: Farghaly S. H. , El-Sayed T.A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The determination of natural frequencies in structural systems is governed by the order of the underlying partial differential equation that describes the system behavior. In the specific case of beam transverse vibration, the equation of motion is represented by a fourth order differential equation. Consequently, four distinct frequency equations are obtained by imposing appropriate boundary conditions. To calculate the natural frequencies in such scenarios, it becomes necessary to solve a determinant equation of size

$$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

. However, in more complex situations involving the study of coupled longitudinal and transverse vibration, where the frequency equations surpass the dimensions of

$$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

, it is customary to express these equations in matrix form and employ computational programs to solve them. The current manuscript introduces novel systematic methodologies for the expansion of determinant matrices of dimensions

$$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

,

$$6\times6$$

6
×
6

, and

$$8\times8$$

8
×
8

.

Methods
This paper introduces a set of procedures that facilitate the derivation of exact closed-form solutions for frequency equations of dimensions

$$6\times6$$

6
×
6

and

$$8\times8$$

8
×
8

. These procedures are based on established numerical procedures applied to the constituent elements of the matrices. By employing these procedures, accurate and efficient determination of natural frequencies in coupled longitudinal and transverse vibration systems can be achieved.

Results
Numerical examples and practical applications were used to compute the determinants of matrices ranging from

$$4\times4$$

4
×
4

to

$$8\times8$$

8
×
8

, validating the proposed analysis. These examples included lateral vibration problems. The results were consistent with both the traditional numerical matrix expansion method and the literature, matching up to the third decimal place.

Conclusion
The proposed analysis is effective for the symbolic expansion of determinants for matrices of sizes

$$4\times4$$

4
×
4

and

$$8\times8$$

8
×
8

. Its utility extends beyond vibration analysis, with potential applications in various fields, including mechanical, structural, and aerospace engineering.
Remimazolam in children: a comprehensive narrative review
Authors: Hansen Tom G. , Engelhardt Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Remimazolam is a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine gaining attention for its rapid onset, predictable pharmacokinetics, and favorable safety profile in adult procedural sedation and anesthesia. Early pediatric data suggest it may offer significant advantages over traditional sedatives, including enhanced predictability, improved safety, and faster recovery times. Despite these promising attributes, its routine use in pediatric populations remains underexplored and unestablished. This narrative review examines remimazolam’s pharmacological properties, including its mechanism of action, metabolism, and elimination, and evaluates its safety and efficacy in pediatric sedation. Potential clinical applications are highlighted, such as procedural sedation, intensive care, and anesthesia induction, with comparisons to conventional agents. While initial studies suggest benefits, critical gaps remain in understanding its use in children. These include age-specific dosing strategies, long-term safety considerations, and its efficacy in children with comorbid conditions or undergoing complex procedures. Addressing these gaps will require robust clinical trials and large-scale observational studies. This review synthesizes current evidence and explores the potential of remimazolam to enhance pediatric sedation and anesthesia practices. By identifying key knowledge gaps and proposing future research directions, it aims to inform clinicians and researchers about the role of remimazolam in improving safety and outcomes in pediatric anesthesia.
Human Rights Due Diligence Within the Arms Industry: Challenges, Practices and Opportunities
Authors: Baydas Lana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The defence industry plays a critical role in maintaining international peace and security, yet its activities inherently have human rights implications. This article examines the industry’s responsibility to respect human rights in conformity with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. It explores challenges, practices, and opportunities of human rights due diligence within the arms sector—including the end-use monitoring component. It seeks to inform policymakers, industry, scholars and activists working towards a rights-respecting arms trade regime. The article will explore human rights due diligence’s foundations in international human rights law and corporate social responsibility frameworks, as well as emerging shifts and standards in the legal landscape at the national, regional, and international levels. Drawing on the American Bar Association Center for Human Rights evidence-based research, this piece will also explore the industry’s response to its due diligence obligations and how these narratives cannot shield the industry from legal, financial and reputational risks.
Bridging the Gap: Utilization of Data Trends to Understand Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management Training Enrollment Among Health Care Professionals
Authors: Keenan Kayla Marie , Gujral Rashmeet , Harris Matthew Isaac , Martinez Corey , Mahoney Mary 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The frequency of disaster and emergency events continues to rise. Despite this, healthcare staff report a lack of emergency preparedness knowledge and training. Therefore, this study aims to understand the professional backgrounds of students enrolled in healthcare emergency management training, with the goal of highlighting enrollment trends to better utilize resources and expand training opportunities.

Methods
Over two thousand data points were retrospectively collected from emergency management course registrations. Occupational backgrounds were categorized for ease of analysis. Test of associations between occupation and course enrollment were based on the chi-square test.

Results
Non-clinical professionals were significantly more likely to be enrolled in emergency management courses than clinical professionals. Of the clinical professionals, nurses represented the highest rates of enrollment, while physicians had the lowest enrollment rates, representing less than 2% of the data set.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that occupation is correlated to variances in emergency management course enrollment. Additionally, there is a lack of clinical professionals adequately trained in disaster response, especially physicians. Thoughtfully designed emergency management courses tailored to different professional roles could be a key strategy for improving enrollment.
Affixation patterns in native language and sequence processing by statistical learning mechanisms
Authors: Ordin Mikhail 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The suffixing bias (the tendency to exploit suffixes more often than prefixes to express grammatical meanings) in world’s languages was identified a century ago, yet we still lack a clear account for why it emerged, namely, whether the bias emerged because general cognitive mechanisms shape languages to be more easily processed by available cognitive machinery, or the bias is speech-specific and is determined by domain-specific mechanisms. We used statistical learning (SL) experiments to compare processing of suffixed and prefixed sequences on linguistic and non-linguistic material. SL is not speech-specific, and we observed the suffixing preference only on linguistic material, suggesting its language-specific origin. Moreover, morphological properties of native languages (existence of grammatical prefixes) modulate suffixing preferences in SL experiments only on linguistic material, suggesting limited cross-domain transfer.
Chatting new territory: large language models for infection surveillance from pilot to deployment
Authors: Wu Julie T. , Langford Bradley J. , Shenoy Erica S. , Carey Evan , Branch-Elliman Westyn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rodriguez-Nava et al. present a proof-of-concept study evaluating the use of a secure large language model (LLM) approved for healthcare data for retrospective identification of a specific healthcare-associated infection (HAI)—central line-associated bloodstream infections—from real patient data for the purposes of surveillance.1 This study illustrates a promising direction for how LLMs can, at a minimum, semi-automate or streamline HAI surveillance activities.
When the Courtiers Return to the Marble Palace: The Impact of U.S. Supreme Court Lawyers’ Prior Appellate Clerkship Experiences
Authors: Shieh Marcy , Szmer John , Bird Megan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most Supreme Court (SCOTUS) clerk studies explore selection, or impact, during the clerkship. The existing research examining the benefits of clerking for those returning to the Court suggests relational expertise from clerking for a specific justice, not process expertise from the clerkship, enhances SCOTUS oral argument success. Our study suggests the benefits of prior appellate clerkships likely stem from both relational and process expertise. Specifically, justices tend to favor parties represented by former US Court of Appeals (USCA) clerks who never clerked for the SCOTUS and prior SCOTUS clerks, even when the clerk did not serve in the justice’s chambers.
Reliability and optimal age replacement policy of a system subject to shocks following a Markovian arrival process
Authors: Goyal Dheeraj , Xie Min , Gong Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper defines and studies a broad class of shock models by assuming that a Markovian arrival process models the arrival pattern of shocks. Under the defined class, we show that the system’s lifetime follows the well-known phase-type distribution. Further, we examine the age replacement policy for systems with a continuous phase-type distribution, identifying sufficient conditions for determining the optimal replacement time. Since phase-type distributions are dense in the class of lifetime distributions, our findings for the age replacement policy are widely applicable. We include numerical examples and graphical illustrations to support our results.