bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier based on a rectangular double transmission line structure
Authors: Zhang Luyu , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Chenlu , Gu Chao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a design methodology for a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier (PA). The large available impedance space of the extended continuous Class-GF mode is employed. A novel output matching network of the PA consisting of a rectangular double transmission line structure is proposed to meet impedance requirements. To validate the effectiveness of this structure, a high-efficiency PA operating in 0.8–3.0 GHz is designed using a CGH40010F GaN transistor. The measured results demonstrate that the drain efficiency falls within the range of 63.2%–71.9%, the output power varies from 40.2 to 42.2 dBm, and the gain ranges from 9.4 to 11.3 dB within the frequency band of 0.8–3 GHz. The realized PA exhibits an extremely competitive relative bandwidth of 115.8%.
Combined Role of the MJO and ENSO in Shaping Extreme Warming Patterns and Coral Bleaching Risk in the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Gregory Catherine H. , Holbrook Neil J. , Spillman Claire M. , Marshall Andrew G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLocal meteorology over the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) can significantly influence ocean temperatures, which in turn impacts coral ecosystems. While El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provides insight into the expected synoptic states, it lacks details of anticipated sub‐seasonal weather variability at local scales. This study explores the influence of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) on Australian tropical climate, both independently and in combination with ENSO, focusing on GBR impacts. We find that during El Niño periods, including the summer of 2009/10, faster propagating MJO patterns can disrupt background warm, dry conditions, and potentially provide cooling relief via increased cloud cover and stronger winds. In La Niña periods, such as the summer of 2021/22, the MJO tends to be prevented from passing the Maritime continent, forcing it to remain in a standing pattern in the Indian Ocean. This leads to decreased cloud cover and weaker winds over the GBR, generating warm ocean anomalies.
Real‐World Vehicular Source Indicators for Exhaust and Non‐Exhaust Contribution to PM2.5 During Peak and Off‐Peak Hours Using Tunnel Measurement
Authors: Fang Tiange , Fu Jiaqi , Gao Yutong , Song Ainan , Zhang Yanjie , Zhang Qijun , Wu Lin , Peng Jianfei , Wang Ting , Mao Hongjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe benefit of real‐world applicable indicators in resolving robust traffic‐related source contributions was investigated using tunnel measurement. PM2.5/CO was introduced as a metric to present evidence in non‐exhaust identification indirectly in terms of PM2.5 accumulation and dilution scenarios, and the rates (hourly variation of the difference between PM2.5 and PM2.5/CO) were 0.59−1.88 and −0.79 to −0.65, corresponding to peak and off‐peak hours, respectively. Real‐world PAHs indicators were examined, among which the exhaust indicators showed stable applicability from BghiP, and the non‐exhaust indication noted by BkF and DahA in peak hours were largely weakened in off‐peak hours, showing noticeable profile mixing between exhaust, brake and tyre wear. Source contributions were resolved by principal component analysis (PCA) with support of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on inter‐group centroid diagnosis. The rate of vehicular non‐exhaust (brake and tyre wear) contribution lifted 10.3 times in peak hours compared with off‐peak hours, and its emission factor was noticeably enhanced 16 times, from 0.03 mg/(km·veh) to 0.48 mg/(km·veh). Guided by global vehicle electrification, the contribution of non‐exhaust in vehicular emissions were estimated to increase with larger ratio of emission factor between non‐exhaust and exhaust, and the growing market share of electric vehicles, under each mode of regenerative braking. The monetary impact of non‐exhaust caused by electric vehicles was calculated reaching the exhaust when electric vehicles increase to 50% in busy commuting megacities. The results provide applicable indicators for accurate source apportionment and support data for the refined control of non‐exhaust emission under rapid vehicle electrification.
The role of BCAA metabolism in metabolic health and disease
Authors: Choi Byeong Hun , Hyun Seunghoon , Koo Seung-Hoi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt has long been postulated that dietary restriction is beneficial for ensuring longevity and extending the health span of mammals, including humans. In particular, a reduction in protein consumption has been shown to be specifically linked to the beneficial effect of dietary restriction on metabolic disorders, presumably by reducing the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) 1 and the reciprocal activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin pathways. Although it is widely used as a dietary supplement to delay the aging process in humans, recent evidence suggests that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) might be a major cause of the deteriorating effect of a protein diet on aging and related disorders. In this review, we delineate the regulation of metabolic pathways for BCAAs at the tissue-specific level and summarize recent findings regarding the role of BCAAs in the control of metabolic health and disease in mammals.
Synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL): a bioinspired nanotherapeutics for managing periapical bone inflammation
Authors: Dal-Fabbro Renan , Yu Minzhi , Mei Ling , Sasaki Hajime , Schwendeman Anna , Bottino Marco C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractApical periodontitis (AP) is a dental-driven condition caused by pathogens and their toxins infecting the inner portion of the tooth (i.e., dental pulp tissue), resulting in inflammation and apical bone resorption affecting 50% of the worldwide population, with more than 15 million root canals performed annually in the United States. Current treatment involves cleaning and decontaminating the infected tissue with chemo-mechanical approaches and materials introduced years ago, such as calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide–eugenol, or even formalin products. Here, we present, for the first time, a nanotherapeutics based on using synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) as an innovative and safe strategy to manage dental bone inflammation. sHDL application in concentrations ranging from 25 µg to 100 µg/mL decreases nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activation promoted by an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). Moreover, sHDL at 500 µg/mL concentration markedly decreases in vitro osteoclastogenesis (P < 0.001), and inhibits IL-1α (P = 0.027), TNF-α (P = 0.004), and IL-6 (P < 0.001) production in an inflammatory state. Notably, sHDL strongly dampens the Toll-Like Receptor signaling pathway facing LPS stimulation, mainly by downregulating at least 3-fold the pro-inflammatory genes, such as Il1b, Il1a, Il6, Ptgs2, and Tnf. In vivo, the lipoprotein nanoparticle applied after NaOCl reduced bone resorption volume to (1.3 ± 0.05) mm3 and attenuated the inflammatory reaction after treatment to (1 090 ± 184) cells compared to non-treated animals that had (2.9 ± 0.6) mm3 (P = 0.012 3) and (2 443 ± 931) cells (P = 0.004), thus highlighting its promising clinical potential as an alternative therapeutic for managing dental bone inflammation.
Cohort study: Neurological and cognitive-behavioral sequelae of acquired Zika virus infection among Nicaraguan children
Authors: Lebov Jill F. , LaForett Doré R. , Gajewski Anna , Browne Erica N. , Zambrana José Victor , Balmaseda Angel , Harris Eva , Hooper Stephen R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
ZIKV has neuroinvasive properties, and in utero exposure can cause birth defects, but little is known about the neurological and neurocognitive impacts of acquired ZIKV infection, particularly in children.

Methods
We assessed neurological symptoms frequency among ZIKV-infected children within one year after ZIKV infection. Three to 5 years post-infection, these children and a matched group of uninfected children were assessed via questionnaires, neurological exams, and neuropsychological testing to evaluate the association between prior ZIKV infection and subsequent neurological symptoms, and cognitive-behavioral function.

Results
Among 194 ZIKV-infected children, 3 reported asthenia, 4 reported neck pain, and 10 reported back pain within one year post-infection. At follow-up, clinician-observed cranial nerve abnormalities were significantly more common among ZIKV-infected vs. uninfected children (16 vs. 3; p < 0.01), with vestibulocochlear nerve abnormalities observed most frequently. While ZIKV-infected children scored better than uninfected on cognitive measures, this difference was not clinically meaningful.

Conclusions
Neurological signs, including paresthesia and cranial nerve abnormalities, were observed among ZIKV-infected participants in our study. However, we did not observe a meaningful link between acquired ZIKV infection and subsequent neurological, cognitive, or behavioral outcomes in a representative sample. An exception may be hearing impairment and loss, which should be explored further in future studies.

Impact

Neurological symptoms, though rare, were observed and reported more frequently among ZIKV-infected vs. uninfected children. These included: asthenia, neck pain, back pain, paresthesia, and cranial nerve abnormalities.

Neurocognitive and behavioral test scores were similar among ZIKV-infected and uninfected children.

Our study suggests that ZIKV-infected children should be monitored for neurological symptoms and cranial neuropathy to better understand the full burden of acquired ZIKV infection among children.
Development of a local controlled release system for therapeutic proteins in the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and diseases
Authors: Lev Rachel , Bar-Am Orit , Saar Galit , Guardiola Ombretta , Minchiotti Gabriella , Peled Eli , Seliktar Dror 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to develop and characterize a controlled-release delivery system for protein therapeutics in skeletal muscle regeneration following an acute injury. The therapeutic protein, a membrane-GPI anchored protein called Cripto, was immobilized in an injectable hydrogel delivery vehicle for local administration and sustained release. The hydrogel was made of poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen (PEG-Fibrinogen, PF), in the form of injectable microspheres. The PF microspheres exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 100 micrometers, and the Cripto protein was uniformly entrapped within them. The release rate of Cripto from the PF microspheres was controlled by tuning the crosslinking density of the hydrogel, which was varied by changing the concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) crosslinker. In vitro experiments confirmed a sustained-release profile of Cripto from the PF microspheres for up to 27 days. The released Cripto was biologically active and promoted the in vitro proliferation of mouse myoblasts. The therapeutic effect of PF-mediated delivery of Cripto in vivo was tested in a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model in mice. The Cripto caused an increase in the in vivo expression of the myogenic markers Pax7, the differentiation makers eMHC and Desmin, higher numbers of centro-nucleated myofibers and greater areas of regenerated muscle tissue. Collectively, these results establish the PF microspheres as a potential delivery system for the localized, sustained release of therapeutic proteins toward the accelerated repair of damaged muscle tissue following acute injuries.
Phase-resolved measurement and control of ultrafast dynamics in terahertz electronic oscillators
Authors: Arikawa Takashi , Kim Jaeyong , Mukai Toshikazu , Nishigami Naoki , Fujita Masayuki , Nagatsuma Tadao , Tanaka Koichiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a key component for next-generation wireless communications (6 G and beyond), terahertz (THz) electronic oscillators are being actively developed. Precise and dynamic phase control of ultrafast THz waveforms is essential for high-speed beam steering and high-capacity data transmission. However, measurement and control of such ultrafast dynamic process is beyond the scope of electronics due to the limited bandwidth of the electronic equipment. Here we surpass this limit by applying photonic technology. Using a femtosecond laser, we generate offset-free THz pulses to phase-lock the electronic oscillators based on resonant tunneling diode. This enables us to perform phase-resolved measurement of the emitted THz electric field waveform in time-domain with sub-cycle time resolution. Ultrafast dynamic response such as anti-phase locking behaviour is observed, which is distinct from in-phase stimulated emission observed in laser oscillators. We also show that the dynamics follows the universal synchronization theory for limit cycle oscillators. This provides a basic guideline for dynamic phase control of THz electronic oscillators, enabling many key performance indicators to be achieved in the new era of 6 G and beyond.
Amyloid formation and depolymerization of tumor suppressor p16INK4a are regulated by a thiol-dependent redox mechanism
Authors: Heath Sarah G. , Gray Shelby G. , Hamzah Emilie M. , O’Connor Karina M. , Bozonet Stephanie M. , Botha Alex D. , de Cordovez Pierre , Magon Nicholas J. , Naughton Jennifer D. , Goldsmith Dylan L. W. , Schwartfeger Abigail J. , Sunde Margaret , Buell Alexander K. , Morris Vanessa K. , Göbl Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conversion of a soluble protein into polymeric amyloid structures is a process that is poorly understood. Here, we describe a fully redox-regulated amyloid system in which cysteine oxidation of the tumor suppressor protein p16INK4a leads to rapid amyloid formation. We identify a partially-structured disulfide-bonded dimeric intermediate species that subsequently assembles into fibrils. The stable amyloid structures disassemble when the disulfide bond is reduced. p16INK4a is frequently mutated in cancers and is considered highly vulnerable to single-point mutations. We find that multiple cancer-related mutations show increased amyloid formation propensity whereas mutations stabilizing the fold prevent transition into amyloid. The complex transition into amyloids and their structural stability is therefore strictly governed by redox reactions and a single regulatory disulfide bond.
Enhancing efficiency of protein language models with minimal wet-lab data through few-shot learning
Authors: Zhou Ziyi , Zhang Liang , Yu Yuanxi , Wu Banghao , Li Mingchen , Hong Liang , Tan Pan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurately modeling the protein fitness landscapes holds great importance for protein engineering. Pre-trained protein language models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in predicting protein fitness without wet-lab experimental data, but their accuracy and interpretability remain limited. On the other hand, traditional supervised deep learning models require abundant labeled training examples for performance improvements, posing a practical barrier. In this work, we introduce FSFP, a training strategy that can effectively optimize protein language models under extreme data scarcity for fitness prediction. By combining meta-transfer learning, learning to rank, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning, FSFP can significantly boost the performance of various protein language models using merely tens of labeled single-site mutants from the target protein. In silico benchmarks across 87 deep mutational scanning datasets demonstrate FSFP’s superiority over both unsupervised and supervised baselines. Furthermore, we successfully apply FSFP to engineer the Phi29 DNA polymerase through wet-lab experiments, achieving a 25% increase in the positive rate. These results underscore the potential of our approach in aiding AI-guided protein engineering.
Role of atmospheric rivers in shaping long term Arctic moisture variability
Authors: Wang Zhibiao , Ding Qinghua , Wu Renguang , Ballinger Thomas J. , Guan Bin , Bozkurt Deniz , Nash Deanna , Baxter Ian , Topál Dániel , Li Zhe , Huang Gang , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , Cao Xi , Chen Zhang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) reaching high-latitudes in summer contribute to the majority of climatological poleward water vapor transport into the Arctic. This transport has exhibited long term changes over the past decades, which cannot be entirely explained by anthropogenic forcing according to ensemble model responses. Here, through observational analyses and model experiments in which winds are adjusted to match observations, we demonstrate that low-frequency, large-scale circulation changes in the Arctic play a decisive role in regulating AR activity and thus inducing the recent upsurge of this activity in the region. It is estimated that the trend in summertime AR activity may contribute to 36% of the increasing trend of atmospheric summer moisture over the entire Arctic since 1979 and account for over half of the humidity trends in certain areas experiencing significant recent warming, such as western Greenland, northern Europe, and eastern Siberia. This indicates that AR activity, mostly driven by strong synoptic weather systems often regarded as stochastic, may serve as a vital mechanism in regulating long term moisture variability in the Arctic.
Single dose of intravenous miR199a-5p delivery targeting ischemic heart for long-term repair of myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Shuai , Liang Yunsong , He Yutong , Li Qian , Zhan Jiamian , Hou Honghao , Qiu Xiaozhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLong-term treatment of myocardial infarction is challenging despite medical advances. Tissue engineering shows promise for MI repair, but implantation complexity and uncertain outcomes pose obstacles. microRNAs regulate genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and myocardial contraction, making them valuable for long-term repair. In this study, we find downregulated miR-199a-5p expression in MI. Intramyocardial injection of miR-199a-5p into the infarcted region of male rats revealed its dual protective effects on the heart. Specifically, miR-199a-5p targets AGTR1, diminishing early oxidative damage post-myocardial infarction, and MARK4, which influences long-term myocardial contractility and enhances cardiac function. To deliver miR-199a-5p efficiently and specifically to ischemic myocardial tissue, we use CSTSMLKAC peptide to construct P-MSN/miR199a-5p nanoparticles. Intravenous administration of these nanoparticles reduces myocardial injury and protects cardiac function. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of P-MSN/miR199a-5p nanoparticles in repairing MI through enhanced contraction and anti-apoptosis. miR199a-5p holds significant therapeutic potential for long-term repair of myocardial infarction.
Machine learned interatomic potentials for ternary carbides trained on the AFLOW database
Authors: Roberts Josiah , Rijal Biswas , Divilov Simon , Maria Jon-Paul , Fahrenholtz William G. , Wolfe Douglas E. , Brenner Donald W. , Curtarolo Stefano , Zurek Eva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge-density functional theory (DFT) databases are a treasure trove of energies, forces, and stresses that can be used to train machine-learned interatomic potentials for atomistic modeling. Herein, we employ structural relaxations from the AFLOW database to train moment tensor potentials (MTPs) for four carbide systems: CHfTa, CHfZr, CMoW, and CTaTi. The resulting MTPs are used to relax ~6300 random symmetric structures, and are subsequently improved via active learning to generate robust potentials (RP) that can relax a wide variety of structures, and accurate potentials (AP) designed for the relaxation of low-energy systems. This protocol is shown to yield convex hulls that are indistinguishable from those predicted by AFLOW for the CHfTa, CHfZr, and CTaTi systems, and in the case of the CMoW system to predict thermodynamically stable structures that are not found within AFLOW, highlighting the potential of the employed protocol within crystal structure prediction. Relaxation of over three hundred (Mo1−xWx)C stoichiometry crystals first with the RP then with the AP yields formation enthalpies that are in excellent agreement with those obtained via DFT.
High-throughput discovery of MHC class I- and II-restricted T cell epitopes using synthetic cellular circuits
Authors: Kohlgruber Ayano C. , Dezfulian Mohammad H. , Sie Brandon M. , Wang Charlotte I. , Kula Tomasz , Laserson Uri , Larman H. Benjamin , Elledge Stephen J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntigen discovery technologies have largely focused on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted human T cell receptors (TCRs), leaving methods for MHC class II-restricted and mouse TCR reactivities relatively undeveloped. Here we present TCR mapping of antigenic peptides (TCR-MAP), an antigen discovery method that uses a synthetic TCR-stimulated circuit in immortalized T cells to activate sortase-mediated tagging of engineered antigen-presenting cells (APCs) expressing processed peptides on MHCs. Live, tagged APCs can be directly purified for deconvolution by sequencing, enabling TCRs with unknown specificity to be queried against barcoded peptide libraries in a pooled screening context. TCR-MAP accurately captures self-reactivities or viral reactivities with high throughput and sensitivity for both MHC class I-restricted and class II-restricted TCRs. We elucidate problematic cross-reactivities of clinical TCRs targeting the cancer/testis melanoma-associated antigen A3 and discover targets of myocarditis-inciting autoreactive T cells in mice. TCR-MAP has the potential to accelerate T cell antigen discovery efforts in the context of cancer, infectious disease and autoimmunity.