bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patellar maltracking is prevalent among patellofemoral pain subjects with patella alta: An upright, weightbearing MRI study
Authors: Pal Saikat , Besier Thor F. , Beaupre Gary S. , Fredericson Michael , Delp Scott L. , Gold Garry E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine if patellar maltracking is more prevalent among patellofemoral (PF) pain subjects with patella alta compared to subjects with normal patella height. We imaged 37 PF pain and 15 pain free subjects in an open‐configuration magnetic resonance imaging scanner while they stood in a weightbearing posture. We measured patella height using the Caton–Deschamps, Blackburne–Peel, Insall–Salvati, Modified Insall–Salvati, and Patellotrochlear indices, and classified the subjects into patella alta and normal patella height groups. We measured patella tilt and bisect offset from oblique‐axial plane images, and classified the subjects into maltracking and normal tracking groups. Patellar maltracking was more prevalent among PF pain subjects with patella alta compared to PF pain subjects with normal patella height (two‐tailed Fisher's exact test, p < 0.050). Using the Caton–Deschamps index, 67% (8/12) of PF pain subjects with patella alta were maltrackers, whereas only 16% (4/25) of PF pain subjects with normal patella height were maltrackers. Patellofemoral pain subjects classified as maltrackers displayed a greater patella height compared to the pain free and PF pain subjects classified as normal trackers (two‐tailed unpaired t‐tests with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.017). This study adds to our understanding of PF pain in two ways—(1) we demonstrate that patellar maltracking is more prevalent in PF pain subjects with patella alta compared to subjects with normal patella height; and (2) we show greater patella height in PF pain subjects compared to pain free subjects using four indices commonly used in clinics. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 448–457, 2013
Theoretical model of the effect of combined glenohumeral bone defects on anterior shoulder instability: A finite element approach
Authors: Walia Piyush , Miniaci Anthony , Jones Morgan H. , Fening Stephen D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe presence of either a Hill–Sachs or a bony Bankart defect has been indicated as a possible cause of subluxation and anterior shoulder dislocation. Previous studies investigated only the effects of isolated humeral or glenoid defects on glenohumeral instability. We investigated the effects on shoulder stability of both glenoid and humeral defects in the glenohumeral joint. A computer‐based finite element approach was used to model the joint. A generic model was developed for cartilage and bone of the glenoid and humerus, using previously published data, and experiments were analyzed using static analysis with displacement control in the anterior‐inferior direction. Simulations were run with a 50‐N compressive load in the presence of both isolated and combined defects to analyze reaction forces and distance to dislocation. The distance to dislocation for normal joint was 13.6 mm at 90° abduction, which reduced to 9.7, 0, and 0 mm for largest isolated humerus defect, glenoid defect, and certain combined defects, respectively. For combined defects, stability ratio was decreased to 0% from 43%. Our results suggest that in the setting of combined bone defects, stability may be reduced more than what is known for isolated defects alone. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 601–607, 2013
Void Microstructuring in Lamellar Phase of Amphiphilic Macromolecules
Authors: Glagoleva Anna , Erukhimovich Igor , Vasilevskaya Valentina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe free volume (voids) distribution in the lamellae of the conventional symmetric and amphiphilic diblock copolymers is studied via Monte–Carlo simulation based on the standard bond fluctuation model. Both in the conventional and amphiphilic block copolymers the voids are found to concentrate on the interfaces between the incompatible units, the magnitude of the effect being unexpectedly significant. A crystalline‐like ordering of voids with increase of the incompatibility between the different repeated units in amphiphilic copolymers is first reported and implications of this peculiarity for the morphology and mechanical properties of the amphiphilic copolymers are discussed.magnified image
Exchange‐linked dissolution agents in dissolution‐DNP 13C metabolic imaging
Authors: Hurd Ralph E. , Spielman Daniel , Josan Sonal , Yen Yi‐Fen , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Mayer Dirk 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe use of unlabeled exchange‐linked dissolution agents in hyperpolarized metabolic imaging was studied to examine pool size limits and saturation relative to the availability of NADH.MethodsThree‐dimensional dynamic metabolic images were obtained, and compared following injection of a bolus of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate, prepared with and without unlabeled sodium lactate in the dissolution buffer. Comparisons were made on the basis of apparent rate constants and [1‐13C]lactate signal‐to‐noise ratio. Range finding data were obtained for different bolus compositions. Isotope exchange was also probed in the reverse direction, following injection of a bolus of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]lactate, with and without unlabeled sodium pyruvate in the dissolution buffer.ResultsLiver, kidney, and vascular regions of interest all showed an increase in [1‐13C]lactate signal with addition of unlabeled sodium lactate in the dissolution buffer. Injection of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]lactate with unlabeled sodium pyruvate in the dissolution buffer, provided exchange rate constants Klp for kidney and vascular regions of interest.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with a high level of 13C‐exchange, and with labeling rates that are limited by steady‐state pool sizes in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 70:936–942, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entheseal Changes: Do They Reflect Socioeconomic Status in the Early Medieval Central European Population? (Mikulčice – Klášteřisko, Great Moravian Empire, 9th – 10th century)
Authors: Havelková P. , Hladík M. , Velemínský P. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTEntheseal changes (EC) of skeletons are supposed to reflect the physical activity of our ancestors. Similarly, the elements of the burial rite (e.g. grave goods, burial depth) are presumed to be related to the social status of individuals. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of relationships between EC distribution and archaeological descriptors providing information on social status.Fibrocartilaginous entheses of upper and lower limb bones of 115 individuals (aged 20–50 years) from the early medieval burial site Mikulčice – Klášteřisko were evaluated using Villotte's method (2006). Factor analysis (FA) was applied two times with two different combinations of descriptors: (i) FA‐1 based on the archaeological characteristics; (ii) FA‐2 based on the distribution of EC for males and females separately. The second step was important for the validation of results acquired from archaeological data.It is possible to link several models of EC distribution with selected archaeological characteristics. (i) The relationship between EC and archaeological descriptors is more visible in males than females. (ii) Males withwarrior equipmentand deep graves very probably belonged to the higher social class and are characterised by the loading of the triceps brachii on the olecranon and of the gluteus medius on the femur. (iii) Males with shallower graves and objects of daily use more typically demonstrate an occurrence of EC at the insertion site of the wrist flexors or extensors. The clear links demonstrated in males were absent in females. There exists only a weak relationship between the descriptorjewelleryand the incidence of EC at the insertion sites of the shoulder and certain insertion sites of the lower limbs (especially the hip rotators). This poorly significant relationship supports our previous hypothesis that females from Mikulčice performed the same activities regardless their socioeconomic status. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Taber David J. , Pilch Nicole A. , Bratton Charles F. , McGillicuddy John W. , Chavin Kenneth D. , Baliga Prabhakar K. 
Published: November 2012

Study ObjectiveTo determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with clinically significant medication errors or adverse drug events in kidney transplant recipients.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingTransplant center at an academic medical center.PatientsA total of 476 adults who received kidney transplants between June 2006 and July 2009.Measurements and Main ResultsSevere or significant medication errors and adverse drug events (medication‐related problems [MRPs]) were identified by medical record review. Only patient‐induced medication errors (e.g., took wrong dose or frequency of drug, took drug not prescribed) were captured. Clinical outcomes included patient and graft survival, infections (including cytomegalovirus), readmissions, and acute rejection episodes. Thirty‐seven (8%) of the 476 patients developed a clinically significant MRP. Univariate and confirmatory multivariate analyses revealed that female sex, African‐American race, pretransplantation diabetes mellitus, delayed graft function, and retransplant recipients were independent risk factors for developing an MRP. Patients with MRPs had significantly higher rates of acute rejection (11% vs 30%, p=0.004), cytomegalovirus infection (15% vs 30%, p=0.033), and 30‐day readmissions (5% vs 16%, p=0.018). Graft survival was also significantly lower in patients who had MRPs (p<0.001).ConclusionPatient‐induced medication errors and associated adverse drug events were common in kidney transplant recipients. General and transplant‐specific risk factors were associated with the development of these MRPs, and MRPs were associated with increased risk of rejection and graft loss.
A computational study on the reactivity enhancement in the free radical polymerization of alkyl α‐hydroxymethacrylate and acrylate derivatives
Authors: Karahan Özlem , Aviyente Viktorya , Avci Duygu , Zijlstra Hester , Matthias Bickelhaupt F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe free radical polimerizability behavior of alkyl α‐hydroxymethacrylate (RHMA) derivatives (M1–M3) has been modeled by considering the propagation of the dimeric units of the compounds of interest. All the transition structures in this class of monomers are stabilized by long‐range CO…HC interactions. The RHMA monomer bearing the ester functionality (M2) polymerizes slightly faster than the one with the ether functionality (M1) because of stronger electrostatic interactions between the CO and HC groups. 2‐(Methoxycarbonyl)allyl benzoate (M3) shows higher reactivity as compared to M1 and M2 due to stronger electrostatic interactions. The same type of study has been carried out for hexyl (M4), benzyl (M5), and phenyl (M6) acrylate derivatives whose increasing reactivity has been attributed to the presence of CO…HC, CO…H‐ϕ as well as π–π stabilizing interactions, respectively. While B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) has been used to locate the stationary points along the free radical polymerization of nonaromatic species, long‐range stabilizing interactions have only been detected with M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d). The kinetics that we obtain with this latter methodology for the free radical polymerization reactions of M1–M6 agree well qualitatively with experiment. An implicit solvent model has reproduced the kinetics of M1–M3 in benzene the best. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Morphology and luminescent properties of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor synthesized by a hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation method
Authors: Zhang Zhan Hui , Chen Li , Gan Qian Hong , Tian Qiao , Chen Chang Lian , Huang Zhi Liang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we report a morphology controllable and energetically efficient route to prepare blue‐emitting BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM) phosphor, a hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation/calcinations method. Utilizing a urea homogeneous hydrolysis reaction within a sealed hydrothermal container with self‐generated pressure, well‐crystallized BAM with regular morphologies was obtained at a urea dosage of nurea:ncations = 7.5 and a calcining temperature of 1200 °C. The as‐prepared phosphor was granular in shape and had an average particle size of about 0.1 µm without using any additional agents. With the template‐directed function of polyethylene glycol or β‐cyclodextrin, the as‐prepared phosphors respectively, had rod‐like and flake‐like shapes. According to the photoluminescent results, rod‐like or flake‐like BAM showed similar luminescent characteristics with granular BAM except slightly stronger luminescent intensity. When the calcining temperature was raised to 1400 °C, the emission intensity of the sample prepared by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation was stronger than that of commercial BAM. magnified image
Emission spectra of the produced BAM powders fired at (a) 1200 °C and (b) 1400 °C. The measured emission spectrum of commercial BAM powder is also plotted as (c) (λex = 254 nm).
Role of hot carriers in the interfacial transport in amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterostructure solar cells
Authors: Ghosh Kunal , Bowden Stuart , Tracy Clarence 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe transport of photogenerated minority carriers (photocarriers) across the heterointerface of amorphous silicon (a‐Si) and crystalline silicon (c‐Si) in a‐Si/c‐Si heterostructure solar cell is shown in this work to critically depend on the non‐Maxwellian energy distribution function (EDF) of those carriers impinging on the heterointerface. A theoretical model is presented that integrates the effect of the high electric field inversion region upon EDF of the impinging carriers with the transmission probability of those carriers across the heterointerface. The transport of the photocarriers across the high electric field inversion region is simulated by the full solution of the Boltzmann transport equation by Monte Carlo (MC) technique while the transmission probability of carriers across the heterointerface is calculated through the percolation path technique. The results are discussed under two different condition of band bending; strongly inverted and weakly inverted c‐Si surface. The results comparing different conditions of band bending show that the energy distribution of the carriers impinging on the heterointerface is non‐Maxwellian and the integrated photocarrier collection increases with the strength of the inversion field since the carrier population is weighted toward higher energy where the transmission probability through the barrier is higher. Thus, we demonstrate that hot carriers play an important role in heterostructure cell operation.
Pre‐patterned silicon substrates for the growth of III–V nanostructures
Authors: Benyoucef M. , Usman M. , Alzoubi T. , Reithmaier J. P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent progresses obtained by direct growth of III–V semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) on pre‐patterned and flat silicon substrates. This combination allows us to study in detail the growth mechanisms of III–V materials on silicon substrates. For the flat surfaces, we concentrate on basic growth studies addressing mainly morphological properties of QD‐like structures with a main emphasis on surface preparation and growth parameters. For the pre‐patterned substrates, we report the optimization of electron beam lithography and dry etching processes to fabricate sub‐100 nm holes in pre‐patterned Si (100) substrates with controlled size, shape, and periodicity. The pre‐patterned silicon substrates underwent thorough ex situ chemical and in situ cleaning processes before the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth. Finally, the MBE growth sequence of QDs on patterned silicon surface has shown highly selective formation of localized dome like nanostructures in patterned holes with 1 µm period. magnified imageA 3D AFM image of a single nanohole in silicon substrate with diameter and depth of about 70 nm.
Electrical resistivity of transparent metal nanomesh electrodes
Authors: Nakanishi Tsutomu , Fujimoto Akira , Kitagawa Ryota , Masunaga Kumi , Nakamura Kenji , Tsutsumi Eishi , Asakawa Koji 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA metal nanomesh electrode has the potential to realize a low‐resistive, rare‐metal‐free transparent electrode. However, the electrical resistivity has not been measured as yet. We fabricated metal nanomesh electrodes and their electrical resistivity was obtained by measuring the current–voltage characteristics. Comparing with the calculated values of the microapertures, the electrical resistivity of the nanomesh electrode tended to deviate from the calculated values with reduction of the aperture interval and increase of the aperture density. This deviation was considered to be the effect of narrowing the conduction path of electrons and increasing the electron scattering probability by the nanoapertures. The order of the resistivity of the nanomesh electrodes was 10−6–10−5 Ω cm, one order of magnitude lower than that of conventional transparent oxides such as indium tin oxide.
Graphene islands mixed to carbon nanostructures grown on TiN film: A multi‐techniques characterization approach
Authors: Bhardwaj Sunil , Kumar Manvendra , Cudia Carla Castellarin , Pedio Maddalena , Cepek Cinzia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBy using a variety of experimental techniques, we were able to reveal the presence of few percent of well‐ordered graphene islands mixed to disordered carbon, isolated carbon tubes, and flakes. The sample were synthesized on a metallic TiN film using catalytic chemical vapor deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and K‐resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy. Because of the metallic TiN support and the presence of well‐ordered one or two layers graphene islands, the so grown carbon nanostructures (CNs) can be used in many applications. Our results indicate that a multi‐techniques approach is fundamental to fully characterize CNs.
Recipe for attaining optimal energy resolution in inorganic scintillators
Authors: Singh Jai , Koblov Alexander 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing an approximate form of the density of excitation created within the track initiated by an incident γ ‐ photon on a scintillator, the light yield is derived as a function of linear, bimolecular and Auger radiative and quenching recombination rates. The non‐proportionality in the yield is analysed as a function of the bimolecular and Auger quenching rates and also its dependence on the track radius is studied. An optimal combination of these quenching rates and track radius is presented to obtain a recipe for inventing a scintillator material with optimal energy resolution. The importance of the mobility of charge carriers in minimising the non‐proportionality in a scintillator is also discussed (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical and optoelectronic analysis of persistent luminescence in Eu2+‐Dy3+ codoped SrAl2O4 ceramic phosphor
Authors: Ueda Jumpei , Nakanishi Takayuki , Katayama Yumiko , Tanabe Setsuhisa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOptical and electronic properties of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+‐Dy3+ phosphor were investigated to analyze the mechanisms of its strong and long persistent luminescence. From the temperature dependence of photocurrent excitation spectra, the relative energy locations between the 5d levels of Eu2+ in two different sites and the conduction band were estimated. While most of the 5d levels of Eu2+ at the Sr site with weak crystal field are located within the conduction band, only the 5d levels of Eu2+ above 3.1 eV (400 nm) at the Sr site with strong crystal field are located within the conduction band. Based on the analysis of electron transfer from some electron traps, we assume that some electrons are transferred by a quantum tunnelling path. In addition, the persistent luminescence performance is good by the excitation of the usual blue LED (450 nm), composing white LEDs for the general illumination. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High performance imaging of relativistic soft X‐ray harmonics by sub‐micron resolution LiF film detectors
Authors: Pikuz Tatiana , Faenov Anatoly , Pirozhkov Alexander , Astapov Artem , Klushin Georgy , Pikuz Sergey , Nagorskiy Nikolai , Magnitskiy Sergei , Esirkepov Timur , Koga James , Nakamura Tatsufumi , Bulanov Sergei , Fukuda Yuji , Hayashi Yukio , Kotaki Hideyuki , Kato Yoshiaki , Kando Masaki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe spectrum variation and the coherent properties of the high‐order harmonics (HOH) generated by an oscillating electron spikes formed at the joint of the boundaries of a cavity and a bow wave, which are created by a relativistically self‐focusing laser in underdense gas jet plasma, are investigated. This new mechanism for HOH generation efficiently produces emission from ultraviolet up to the XUV “water window” spectral range. To characterize such source in the wide spectral range a diffraction imaging technique is applied. High spatial resolution EUV and soft X‐ray LiF film detector have been used for precise measurements of diffraction patterns. The measurements under observation angle of 8° to the axis of laser beam propagation have been performed. The diffraction patterns were observed on the detector clearly, when the square mesh was placed at the distance of 500 mm from the output of plasma and at the distance of 27.2 mm in front of the detector. It is shown that observed experimental patterns are well consistent with modeled ones for theoretical HOH spectrum, provided by particle‐in‐cell simulations of a relativistic‐irradiance laser pulse interaction with underdense plasma (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐Drude terahertz conductivity in nanomaterials: overview and applications to nanosilicon and nanogold
Authors: Shimakawa K. , Itoh T. , Naito H. , Kasap S. O. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt is shown that a series sequence of transport involving grains and grain boundaries produces non‐Drude THz conductivity in nanomaterials. The present model represents a different point of view than the well accepted Drude‐Smith model. In this paper we review and describe how the complex conductivity is calculated and the real and imaginary parts of THz conductivity are obtained. We use two examples: nanoporous Si and nanogold (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enable abrupt junction and advanced salicide formation with dynamic surface annealing
Authors: Sun Shiyu , Muthukrishnan Shankar , Ng Ben , Nagy Stephen , Zojaji Alan , Lapena Rubi , Kim Yihwan , Rao Vivek , Kouzminov Dimitry , Variam Naushad , Moffatt Stephen , Brand Adam 
Published: November 2012

Abstract3D MOSFET technology, such as FinFETs, is the central semiconductor inflection that brings new challenges and opportunities to the semiconductor industry. Dynamic surface annealing (DSA) enables the IC manufactures to solve many of the challenges. In this paper, we demonstrate DSA can form abrupt source/drain extension, which is essential to minimize the device's parasitic resistance. DSA also improves salicide morphology, minimize salicide piping defects, and reduce junction leakage. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)