bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Overload Hampers Symptom Improvement Following Parathyroidectomy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Ping , Lee Jie‐Jen , Liu Tsang‐Pai , Chen Han‐Hsiang , Wu Chih‐Jen , Liu Chien‐Liang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAluminum overload and accumulation in tissues may lead to skeletal, hematological, and neurological toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serum aluminum levels on presentations, postoperative recovery, and symptom improvement in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2013, all patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing initial parathyroidectomy were included in the study. Serum aluminum level was measured preoperatively and/or within 1 week after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative biochemical profile and symptoms were compared between the low and high aluminum groups.ResultsA total of 176 patients were included in the study. Of these, 38 (22 %) patients had serum aluminum levels higher than 20 μg/L. A higher percentage of patients in the high aluminum group were on peritoneal dialysis than in the low aluminum group (24 vs. 4 %, p = 0.001). Both groups had similar bone mineral density and changes in biochemical profiles. The preoperative parathyroidectomy assessment of symptoms (PAS) score was not associated with serum aluminum levels (p = 0.349), whereas the postoperative PAS score showed positive association (p = 0.005). There was a negative association between serum aluminum levels and the improvement of total PAS scores (p = 0.001). The high aluminum group had more residual symptoms in three aspects: bone pain (p = 0.038), difficulty getting out of a chair or car (p = 0.045), and pruritus (p = 0.041).ConclusionsA high serum aluminum level was associated with reduced symptom improvement in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Parafibromin, Galectin‐3, PGP9.5, Ki67, and Cyclin D1: Using an Immunohistochemical Panel to Aid in the Diagnosis of Parathyroid Cancer
Authors: Truran Peter P. , Johnson Sarah J. , Bliss Richard D. , Lennard Thomas W. J. , Aspinall Sebastian R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundParathyroid cancer is rare. Differentiating parathyroid carcinoma from degenerative changes at histopathology can be difficult and studies investigating the value of single immunohistochemical markers have had variable results. In this study we aimed to investigate whether a panel of immunohistochemistry markers could aid the diagnosis of parathyroid cancer.MethodsAll cases of parathyroid cancer at our institution from 1998 to 2012 were identified retrospectively. Cases were classified as definite cancers (those with evidence of metastatic spread) or histological cancers (those with features of carcinoma without evidence of metastasis). Controls with benign parathyroid disease were included for comparison. Immunohistochemistry for parafibromin, galectin‐3, PGP9.5, Ki67, and cyclin D1 was analysed by an experienced endocrine pathologist.ResultsThere were 24 cases and 14 benign adenomas. Four cases had evidence of metastatic spread and 20 were diagnosed on histological criteria alone. Sixteen of the 24 cases had further surgery with ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy and 15 also had a prophylactic level VI lymph node dissection. Apart from one patient with distant metastases at presentation, none developed recurrence at follow‐up (median = 38 months). Immunohistochemistry results associated with parathyroid cancer were seen in 11/24 parafibromin, 13/24 galectin‐3, 8/24 PGP9.5, 5/24 Ki67, and 2/24 cyclin D1. None of the controls had immunohistochemical staining suggestive of cancer. Nineteen of the 24 patients had at least one immunohistochemical result associated with parathyroid cancer (sensitivity 79 %, specificity 100 %). Cyclin D1 did not suggest malignancy in any case that did not already have another abnormal marker, and so did not add value to the panel in this study.ConclusionA panel of immunohistochemistry (PGP9.5, galectin‐3, parafibromin, and Ki67) is better than any single marker and can be used to supplement classical histopathology in diagnosing parathyroid cancer.
Gastritis cystica polyposa in an unoperated stomach
Authors: Huang Ting‐Chun , Tu Tien‐Chien , Huang Shih‐Hung , Lee Chia‐Long , Wu Chi‐Hwa 
Published: July 2014

SummaryGastritis cystica polyposa is relatively rare and characterized by polypoid hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of the gastric glands in stomach. Most cases are related to previous gastric surgeries, but a few cases have been reported in unoperated stomachs. We present a 34‐year‐old man who had anemic symptoms with melena and exertional dyspnea for 3 weeks. He denied any surgical history. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed diffuse giant folds extending from the lower to the upper body of the stomach with nodularity and no obvious bleeding site. A pathologic diagnosis of a punch biopsy specimen from the giant folds revealed only moderately active chronic inflammation with a high Helicobacter pylori density. After serial studies, the patient received a whole layer gastric biopsy during a laparoscopy. Gastritis cystica polyposa was diagnosed on the pathology report. Our present case highlights the rare clinical and endoscopic condition of gastritis cystica polyposa in an unoperated stomach.
Taking simulation semantics out of the laboratory: towards an interactive and multimodal reappraisal of embodied language comprehension
Authors: KOK KASPER , CIENKI ALAN 
Published: July 2014

abstractRecent embodied theories of meaning known as ‘simulation semantics’ posit that language comprehension engages, or even amounts to, mental simulation. What is meant here by ‘language comprehension’, however, deviates from the perspectives on interpersonal communication adhered to by researchers in social psychology and interactional linguistics. In this paper, we outline four alternative perspectives on comprehension in spoken interaction, each of which highlights factors that have remained largely outside the current purview of simulation theories. These include perspectives on language comprehension in terms of (i) striving for inter-subjective conformity; (ii) recognition of communicative intentions; (iii) prediction and anticipation in a dynamic environment; and (iv) integration of multimodal cues. By contrasting these views with simulation theories of comprehension, we outline a number of fundamental differences in terms of the kind of process comprehension is assumed to be (passive and event-like versus active and continuous), as well as the kind of stimulus that language is assumed to be (comprising unimodal units versus being multimodal and distributed across conversational turns). Finally, we discuss potential points of connection between simulation semantics and research on spoken interaction, and touch on some methodological implications of an interactive and multimodal reappraisal of simulation semantics.
Improvements in growth performance, bone mineral status and nutrient digestibility in pigs following the dietary inclusion of phytase are accompanied by modifications in intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression
Authors: Vigors Stafford , Sweeney Torres , O'Shea Cormac J. , Browne John A. , O'Doherty John V. 
Published: July 2014

Phytase (PHY) improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and bone structure in pigs; however, little is known about its effects on intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression. In the present study, a 44 d experiment was carried out using forty-eight pigs (11·76 (sem0·75) kg) assigned to one of three dietary treatment groups to measure growth performance, coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID), coefficient of apparent total tract nutrient digestibility (CATTD) and intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression. Dietary treatments during the experimental period were as follows: (1) a high-P (HP) diet containing 3·4 g/kg available P and 7·0 g/kg Ca; (2) a low-P (LP) diet containing 1·9 g/kg available P and 5·9 g/kg Ca; (3) a PHY diet containing LP diet ingredients+1000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of PHY. The PHY diet increased the average daily gain (P< 0·05) and final body weight (P< 0·01) and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P< 0·05) compared with the LP diet. Pigs fed the PHY diet had a higher CAID of gross energy compared with those fed the HP and LP diets (P< 0·001). Pigs fed the PHY diet had increased CAID of P (P< 0·01) and CATTD of Ca and P (P< 0·001) compared with those fed the LP diet. The PHY diet increased the gene expression of the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1/SLC15A1) (P< 0·05) in the ileum compared with the LP diet. The LP diet decreased the gene expression of the sodium–glucose-linked transporter 1 (SGLT1/SLC5A1) andGLUT2/SLC2A2(P< 0·05) and increased the expression of membrane Ca channel (TRPV6) and calbindin compared with the HP diet (P< 0·001). In conclusion, feeding a diet supplemented with PHY improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility as well as increases the gene expression of the peptide transporterPEPT1.
Is there an association between food portion size and BMI among British adolescents?
Authors: Albar Salwa A. , Alwan Nisreen A. , Evans Charlotte E. L. , Cade Janet E. 
Published: July 2014

The prevalence of obesity has increased simultaneously with the increase in the consumption of large food portion sizes (FPS). Studies investigating this association among adolescents are limited; fewer have addressed energy-dense foods as a potential risk factor. In the present study, the association between the portion size of the most energy-dense foods and BMI was investigated. A representative sample of 636 British adolescents (11–18 years) was used from the 2008–2011 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. FPS were estimated for the most energy-dense foods (those containing above 10·5 kJ/g (2·5 kcal/g)). Regression models with BMI as the outcome variable were adjusted for age, sex and misreporting energy intake (EI). A positive association was observed between total EI and BMI. For each 418 kJ (100 kcal) increase in EI, BMI increased by 0·19 kg/m2(95 % CI 0·10, 0·28;P< 0·001) for the whole sample. This association remained significant after stratifying the sample by misreporting. The portion sizes of a limited number of high-energy-dense foods (high-fibre breakfast cereals, cream and high-energy soft drinks (carbonated)) were found to be positively associated with a higher BMI among all adolescents after adjusting for misreporting. When eliminating the effect of under-reporting, larger portion sizes of a number of high-energy-dense foods (biscuits, cheese, cream and cakes) were found to be positively associated with BMI among normal reporters. The portion sizes of only high-fibre breakfast cereals and high-energy soft drinks (carbonated) were found to be positively associated with BMI among under-reporters. These findings emphasise the importance of considering under-reporting when analysing adolescents' dietary intake data. Also, there is a need to address adolescents' awareness of portion sizes of energy-dense foods to improve their food choice and future health outcomes.
Human-adaptive control of series elastic actuators
Authors: Calanca Andrea , Fiorini Paolo 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYForce-controlled series elastic actuators (SEAs) are the widely used components of novel physical human–robot interaction applications such as assistive and rehabilitation robotics. These systems are characterized by the presence of the “human in the loop” so that control response and stability depend on uncertain human dynamics. A common approach to guarantee stability is to use a passivity-based controller. Unfortunately, existing passivity-based controllers for SEAs do not define the performance of the force/torque loop. We propose a method to obtain predictable force/torque dynamics based on adaptive control and oversimplified human models. We propose a class of stable human-adaptive algorithms and experimentally show advantages of the proposed approach.
Modelling seed germination in response to continuous variables: use and limitations of probit analysis and alternative approaches
Authors: Hay Fiona R. , Mead Andrew , Bloomberg Mark 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProbit-based models relating a proportional response variable to a temporal explanatory variable, assuming that the times to response are normally distributed within the population, have been used in seed biology for describing the rate of loss of viability during seed ageing and the progress of germination over time in response to environmental signals (e.g. water, temperature). These models may be expressed as generalized linear models (GLMs) with a probit (cumulative normal distribution) link function, and, using GLM fitting procedures in current statistical software, parameters of these models are efficiently estimated while taking into account the binomial error distribution of the dependent variable. The fitted parameters can then be used to calculate the ‘traditional’ model parameters, such as the hydro- or hydrothermal time constant, the mean or median response of the seeds (e.g. mean time to death, median base water potential), and the standard deviation of the normal distribution of that response. Furthermore, through consideration of the deviance and residuals, performing model evaluation and modification can lead to improved understanding of the underlying physiological/ecological processes. However, fitting a binomial GLM is not appropriate for the cumulative count data often collected from germination studies, as successive observations are not independent, and time-to-event/survival analysis should be considered instead. This review discusses well-known probit-based models, providing advice on how to collect appropriate data and fit the models to those data, and gives an overview of alternative analysis approaches to improve understanding of the underlying mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination behaviour.
Lessons learned with the use of CentriMag as short-term ventricular assist device in a child
Authors: Kumar Thittamaranahalli Kariyappa S. , Ballweg Jean , Knott-Craig Christopher J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe CentriMag ventricular assist device is an extracorporeal, third-generation, continuous flow device. The rapidity and simplicity of operation along with low priming volume make it attractive for use in children with refractory heart failure. We report the successful use of CentriMag as a bridge to recovery in a child and discuss issues that are unique to its use in children.
Evaluating the Role of Coping Style as a Moderator of Fatigue and Risk for Future Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ukueberuwa Dede M. , Arnett Peter A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractApproximately 50% of persons with multiple sclerosis experience cognitive impairment, which adversely affects daily functioning. Although patients report that fatigue contributes to cognitive difficulties, previous empirical studies do not show a clear association. This study assessed coping style as a moderator of the relationship between fatigue and cognition in a 3-year longitudinal sample. Scores on the Fatigue Impact Scale and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) at baseline were modeled to predict later performance on a composite of cognitive tests to investigate the hypothesis that coping would have a significant moderating effect on fatigue in predicting cognitive performance. Findings partially supported hypotheses by showing that avoidant coping moderated the relationship between fatigue and cognitive performance. Patients who experienced relatively high fatigue performed better on cognitive tests if they used less avoidant coping. Those who reported lower fatigue had relatively good cognitive performance regardless of their coping style. This study provides evidence that coping style is associated with the ability to deal with stress, like fatigue, and their interaction can impact functional outcomes of disease. These results could benefit understanding of prognosis and improve treatment for patients with MS. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–5.)
The value of tail risk hedging in defined contribution plans: what does history tell us
Authors: BASU ANUP K. , DREW MICHAEL E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHedging against tail events in equity markets has been forcefully advocated in the aftermath of recent global financial crisis. Whether this is beneficial to long horizon investors like employees enrolled in defined contribution (DC) plans, however, has been subject to criticism. We conduct historical simulation since 1928 to examine the effectiveness of active and passive tail risk hedging using out of money put options for hypothetical equity portfolios of DC plan participants with 20 years to retirement. Our findings show that the cost of tail hedging exceeds the benefits for a majority of the plan participants during the sample period. However, for a significant number of simulations, hedging result in superior outcomes relative to an unhedged position. Active tail hedging is more effective when employees confront several panic-driven periods characterized by short and sharp market swings in the equity markets over the investment horizon. Passive hedging, on the other hand, proves beneficial when they encounter an extremely rare event like the Great Depression as equity markets go into deep and prolonged decline.
2. Le caratteristiche strutturali delle SR
Authors: Picardi Angelo , de Girolamo Giovanni , Santone Giovanni , Zanalda Enrico , Falloon Ian , Fioritti Angelo , Micciolo Rocco , Morosini Pierluigi , Svettini Alessandro 
Published: July 2014

La prima parte di questa monografia prende in esame le variabili di tipo strutturale delle SR, ovvero le caratteristiche quanti- e qualitative sia delle SR che dello staff curante. L'importanza delle caratteristiche strutturali delle SR è duplice: da un lato si trattava di comprendere in che misura il cambiamento strutturale innescato e promosso dalla Legge 180 si fosse tradotto in una effettiva e coerente trasformazione del contesto assistenziale, e dall'altro quale fosse il gradiente di variabilità delle strutture sul territorio nazionale (peraltro già messo in luce, in termini generali, nella fase 1 del progetto); è inoltre noto che la presenza di condizioni strutturali di qualità accresce le probabilità di un processo appropriato e quindi di un esito favorevole degli interventi.Oltre la metà delle 265 SR partecipanti (N=138, 52,1%) è localizzata nel Nord Italia, mentre le altre si distribuiscono in proporzione simile nel Centro (N=64, 24,2%) e nel Sud (N=63, 23,7%) del paese. Le SR del Sud presentano un numero medio di ospiti per struttura significativamente più elevato (14,1±7,2) rispetto a quelle del Nord (N=ll,2±8,6) e del Centro (N=9,4±5,8) (p<0,01; Nord vs Sud p<0,05; Centro vs Sud p<0,001). Il numero medio di residenti nelle SR selezionate è risultato pari a 10 (media 11,4±7,9), con un range piuttosto ampio, che va da un minimo di 4 ad un massimo di 60. La percentuale di SR con un numero di posti-letto superiore a 20 è tuttavia ridotta (N=16; 5,7%). Le SR con maggiore capienza (>20 posti-letto) presentano alcune differenze statisticamente significative rispetto alle SR di minore capacità ricettiva (<20 posti-letto): una percentuale inferiore di dimissioni concordate (12,7% vs 32,3%; p<0,05), ed una percentuale maggiore di fughe di residenti (17,1% vs 5,5%; p<0,01) e di drop-out (14,5% vs 4,2%; p<0,1).
3. Il processo assistenziale nelle SR
Authors: Santone Giovanni , de Girolamo Giovanni , Falloon Ian , Fioritti Angelo , Micciolo Rocco , Picardi Angelo , Zanalda Enrico , Svettini Alessandro 
Published: July 2014

Se le SR devono rappresentare, almeno per una parte dei pazienti che esse ospitano, un setting destinato al trattamento intensivo a lungo termine, l'analisi del processo assistenziale (ossia di ciò che concretamente si fa nelle SR, delle regole che caratterizzano lo svolgersi della vita comunitaria, delle attività condotte dagli operatori) appare una dimensione di fondamentale importanza da comprendere. Nell'ambito del progetto PROGRES, tale dimensione è stata oggetto di una valutazione approfondita, che viene descritta in questa sezione della monografia.La Scheda Struttura conteneva molti item che esploravano varie caratteristiche e dimensioni del processo assistenziale. L'analisi dei dati ha preso in esame la descrizione dei parametri rilevanti per la comprensione di specifici aspetti del processo assistenziale in atto all'interno delle SR. Si sono anche esplorate eventuali associazioni fra caratteristiche delle SR e dei pazienti ospitati.È stata inoltre condotta una analisi dei cluster al fine di individuare, sulla base dei dati disponibili, dei raggruppamenti omogenei di SR che consentano di cominciare a delineare una tassonomia di queste strutture e delle loro funzioni. In generale, l'analisi dei cluster classifica i casi in categorie o gruppi relativamente omogenei, basandosi sulla loro somiglianza o dissimiglianza rispetto alle variabili selezionate. Al fine di effettuare l'analisi dei cluster cercando di utilizzare il massimo numero di informazioni disponibili, sono stati messi a punto 4 punteggi sintetici: ciascuno di essi ha il compito di riassumere la presenza o assenza di varie caratteristiche o dimensioni inerenti al processo assistenziale.
4. I pazienti ospitati
Authors: de Girolamo Giovanni , Picardi Angelo , Santone Giovanni , Falloon Ian , Morosini Pierluigi , Fioritti Angelo , Micciolo Rocco , Svettini Alessandro , Cappiello Vincenzo 
Published: July 2014

Come si è già notato prima, le caratteristiche dei pazienti trattati nelle SR sono state molto poco studiate. In particolare, la maggior parte degli studi condotti sino ad oggi ha preso in esame campioni di limitata ampiezza (Andrews et al., 1990; Mowbray et al., 1992; Rimmerman et al., 1993), quindi poco rappresentativi delle popolazioni di pazienti da cui essi sono stati tratti. I soli studi effettuati su campioni più ampi sono stati condotti negli Stati Uniti (Randolph et al., 1991) ed in Gran Bretagna (Lelliott et al., 1996; Faulkner et al., 1993), ma queste ricerche non prevedevano una dettagliata valutazione individuale dei pazienti stessi.In questo capitolo verranno quindi riportati i risultati della valutazione dettagliata di 2.962 pazienti ospitati nelle 265 SR campionate nella fase 2 del Progetto Nazionale PROGRES. L'ampiezza del campione preso in esame permette di trarre interessanti indicazioni relative all'assistenza fornita attualmente in Italia a pazienti affetti da malattie mentali gravi a pochi anni dalla chiusura degli O.P., e può fornire dati utili anche per altri paesi impegnati in un analogo processo di cambiamento dell'assistenza psichiatrica.
Introduzione
Authors: Erlicher Arcadio , Lora Antonio 
Published: July 2014

I provvedimenti legislativi (L. 502/92 e L. 517/93) che hanno prodotto la cosiddetta aziendalizzazione della Sanità hanno anche modificato il suo sistema di finanziamento: da un finanziamento dei fattori produttivi, a pie' di lista, a un finanziamento a prestazione con un sistema tariffario.La Regione Lombardia, che ha particolarmente enfatizzato nel sistema sanitario riformato la separazione tra soggetto erogatore dei servizi (l'Azienda Ospedaliera) e il soggetto acquirente (l'ASL), per poter finanziare il servizio psichiatrico, erogato dall'Azienda Ospedaliera, ha esteso il sistema delle tariffe anche alla psichiatria, prevedendo attraverso atti regionali una puntuale valorizzazione di tutte le attività psichiatriche sia territoriali sia residenziali e semiresidenziali.È risultato subito evidente che questo sistema presenta delle criticità, in parte contingenti: in particolare i DRG non descrivono in maniera adeguata la complessità del caso, mentre le tariffe delle prestazioni ambulatoriali non coprono adeguatamente i costi.A fronte di queste criticità alia psichiatria si aprono due strade possibili: sottoporre a revisione DRG e tariffe oppure, in alternativa, remunerare i servizi sulla base dei bisogni di cura dei pazienti e della complessità dei trattamenti richiesti.