bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Physical Performance and Sense of Autonomy in Outdoor Activities and Life‐Space Mobility in Community‐Dwelling Older People
Authors: Portegijs Erja , Rantakokko Merja , Mikkola Tuija M. , Viljanen Anne , Rantanen Taina 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo study the relationship between physical performance and sense of autonomy in outdoor activities with life‐space mobility—the spatial area a person purposefully moves through in daily life—in community‐dwelling older people.DesignCross‐sectional analyses of baseline data of the Life‐Space Mobility in Old Age cohort study.SettingStructured interviews in participants' homes.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling people aged 75 to 90 (N = 848).MeasurementsSense of autonomy outdoors (Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire subscale), life‐space mobility (Life‐Space Assessment; University of Alabama, Birmingham Study of Aging), and Short Physical Performance Battery.ResultsThe median score for life‐space mobility was 64.0. In linear regression models, poorer physical performance and more‐limited sense of autonomy were independently associated with more restrictions in life‐space mobility, explaining approximately one‐third of the variation in life‐space mobility. Physical performance also had an indirect effect on life‐space mobility through sense of autonomy outdoors. Subgroup analyses of 5‐year age groups and sex revealed that the associations were somewhat stronger in women and the oldest age group.ConclusionPhysical performance and sense of autonomy in outdoor activities explained a substantial portion of the variation in life‐space mobility in healthy older people, indicating that physical and psychosocial factors play a role in maintaining mobility in old age.
Fluorescent Visualisation of the Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neurones Activated by Cholecystokinin‐8 in Rats Expressing c‐fos‐Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein and Oxytocin‐Monomeric Red Fluorescent Protein 1 Fusion Transgenes
Authors: Katoh A. , Shoguchi K. , Matsuoka H. , Yoshimura M. , Ohkubo J.‐I. , Matsuura T. , Maruyama T. , Ishikura T. , Aritomi T. , Fujihara H. , Hashimoto H. , Suzuki H. , Murphy D. , Ueta Y. 
Published: March 2014

The up‐regulation of c‐fos gene expression is widely used as a marker of neuronal activation elicited by various stimuli. Anatomically precise observation of c‐fos gene products can be achieved at the RNA level by in situ hybridisation or at the protein level by immunocytochemistry. Both of these methods are time and labour intensive. We have developed a novel transgenic rat system that enables the trivial visualisation of c‐fos expression using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) tag. These rats express a transgene consisting of c‐fos gene regulatory sequences that drive the expression of a c‐fos‐eGFP fusion protein. In c‐fos‐eGFP transgenic rats, robust nuclear eGFP fluorescence was observed in osmosensitive brain regions 90 min after i.p. administration of hypertonic saline. Nuclear eGFP fluorescence was also observed in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) 90 min after i.p. administration of cholecystokinin (CCK)‐8, which selectively activates oxytocin (OXT)‐secreting neurones in the hypothalamus. In double transgenic rats that express c‐fos‐eGFP and an OXT‐monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1) fusion gene, almost all mRFP1‐positive neurones in the SON and PVN expressed nuclear eGFP fluorescence 90 min after i.p. administration of CCK‐8. It is possible that not only a plane image, but also three‐dimensional reconstruction image may identify cytoplasmic vesicles in an activated neurone at the same time.
The role of pleiotropy and linkage in genes affecting a sexual ornament and bone allocation in the chicken
Authors: Johnsson M. , Rubin C.‐J. , Höglund A. , Sahlqvist A.‐S. , Jonsson K. B. , Kerje S. , Ekwall O. , Kämpe O. , Andersson L. , Jensen P. , Wright D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSexual selection and the ornaments that inform such choices have been extensively studied, particularly from a phenotypic perspective. Although more is being revealed about the genetic architecture of sexual ornaments, much still remains to be discovered. The comb of the chicken is one of the most widely recognized sexual ornaments, which has been shown to be correlated with both fecundity and bone allocation. In this study, we use a combination of multiple intercrosses between White Leghorn populations and wild‐derived Red Junglefowl to, first, map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bone allocation and, second, to identify expression QTL that correlate and colocalize with comb mass. These candidate quantitative genes were then assessed for potential pleiotropic effects on bone tissue and fecundity traits. We identify genes that correlate with both relative comb mass and bone traits suggesting a combination of both pleiotropy and linkage mediates gene regulatory variation in these traits.
Evaluation of demographic history and neutral parameterization on the performance of FST outlier tests
Authors: Lotterhos Katie E. , Whitlock Michael C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFST outlier tests are a potentially powerful way to detect genetic loci under spatially divergent selection. Unfortunately, the extent to which these tests are robust to nonequilibrium demographic histories has been understudied. We developed a landscape genetics simulator to test the effects of isolation by distance (IBD) and range expansion on FST outlier methods. We evaluated the two most commonly used methods for the identification of FST outliers (FDIST2 and BayeScan, which assume samples are evolutionarily independent) and two recent methods (FLK and Bayenv2, which estimate and account for evolutionary nonindependence). Parameterization with a set of neutral loci (‘neutral parameterization’) always improved the performance of FLK and Bayenv2, while neutral parameterization caused FDIST2 to actually perform worse in the cases of IBD or range expansion. BayeScan was improved when the prior odds on neutrality was increased, regardless of the true odds in the data. On their best performance, however, the widely used methods had high false‐positive rates for IBD and range expansion and were outperformed by methods that accounted for evolutionary nonindependence. In addition, default settings in FDIST2 and BayeScan resulted in many false positives suggesting balancing selection. However, all methods did very well if a large set of neutral loci is available to create empirical P‐values. We conclude that in species that exhibit IBD or have undergone range expansion, many of the published FST outliers based on FDIST2 and BayeScan are probably false positives, but FLK and Bayenv2 show great promise for accurately identifying loci under spatially divergent selection.
Targeting the intrinsic apoptosis pathway as a strategy for melanoma therapy
Authors: Mohana‐Kumaran Nethia , Hill David S. , Allen John D. , Haass Nikolas K. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryMelanoma drug resistance is often attributed to abrogation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Targeting regulators of apoptosis is thus considered a promising approach to sensitizing melanomas to treatment. The development of small‐molecule inhibitors that mimic natural antagonists of either antiapoptotic members of the BCL‐2 family or the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), known as BH3‐ or SMAC‐mimetics, respectively, are helping us to understand the mechanisms behind apoptotic resistance. Studies using BH3‐mimetics indicate that the antiapoptotic BCL‐2 protein MCL‐1 and its antagonist NOXA are particularly important regulators of BCL‐2 family signaling, while SMAC‐mimetic studies show that both XIAP and the cIAPs must be targeted to effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Although most solid tumors, including melanoma, are insensitive to these mimetic drugs as single agents, combinations with other therapeutics have yielded promising results, and tests combining them with BRAF‐inhibitors, which have already revolutionized melanoma treatment, are a clear priority.
The Eyelid Sign: A Clue to Bed Bug Bites
Authors: Quach Kim A. , Zaenglein Andrea L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn pediatric patients, determining the culprit insect in arthropod assaults can be challenging. The patient’s history may be vague, the causative insect may not be readily associated with the bites, and the clinical appearance of bites can be variable. Six pediatric patients from the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center dermatology offices with bed bug bites were identified. All had bites involving the face, trunk, and extremities. Five patients demonstrated papules on one upper eyelid associated with erythema and edema. One patient had papules on both upper eyelids. When an arthropod assault is suspected, the “eyelid sign,” i.e., bites involving the upper eyelid associated with erythema and edema, may point to bed bugs.
Does executive control relate to sacrificial behavior during conflicts of interests?
Authors: PRONK TILA M. , KARREMANS JOHAN C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWhy is it that some people are better able to sacrifice their own immediate interest for the sake of their partner than others? We conducted two studies to test whether an individual's level of executive control plays a role in answering this question. Study 1 demonstrated that executive control is related to the tendency to continue a frustrating task to benefit one's partner. Study 2 replicated this effect by using two different indicators of sacrifice: a behavioral sacrifice measure and a questionnaire on the intention to make major sacrifices for one's partner. Together, our findings suggest that higher levels of executive control facilitate prorelational behavior when facing various conflicts of interests in a romantic relationship.
State‐Sponsored Terrorism: In Decline, Yet Still a Potent Threat
Authors: Collins Stephen D. 
Published: March 2014

State sponsorship has played a significant facilitating role in terrorist violence. The scope and impact of state support has not, however, remained fixed; nor has its threat potential. This article identifies and depicts three distinct phases of state sponsorship: the peak (1970s‐80s), intermediate (1990‐2001), and low (2001‐present) phases. The causal factors behind the steady pattern of decline in the number of states sponsoring terrorism and the intensity of support provided to terrorist clients are analyzed here. Despite this clear contraction, state sponsorship continues to merit close attention as the salience of state‐sponsored terrorism relates not only to the number of sponsors and level of support, but also to the threat potential of the support sponsors can provide. Therefore, paradoxically, at a time when the number of state sponsors is at its nadir, the threat potential of terrorism is at its apex, as the proliferation of nuclear technology to terrorist sponsors has significantly elevated the potential consequences of state sponsorship.Related Articles
Owens, John. 2006. “” Politics & Policy 34 (): 258‐303. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00015.x/abstract

Dumbrell, John. 2006. “.” Politics & Policy 34 (): 452‐472. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00021.x/abstract

Maggio, J. 2007. “.” Politics & Policy 34 (): 810‐835. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00085.x/abstract
Related Media
. 2013. “.” http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/topic/6/nuclear_terrorism.html

. 2013. “.” http://www.cfr.org/issue/state‐sponsors‐of‐terrorism/ri151
Public Accounts Committees in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Pelizzo Riccardo , Kinyondo Abel 
Published: March 2014

This article provides the first and most comprehensive analysis of Public Accounts Committees (PACs) from Eastern and Southern Africa building on the work of McGee, Jacobs, Stapenhurst, and Staddon. By analyzing an original set of data, this article shows that PACs in these two regions are bigger, have more staff members, and are more likely to be chaired by opposition Members of Parliament than they have in other countries and regions. Furthermore, the data show that Eastern and Southern African PACs are more active than their counterparts elsewhere. However, lack of political will and limits to the range of powers that they enjoy as well as the dearth of quality technical support from parliamentary staff significantly undermines the effectiveness of these committees and their ability to play a greater role in curbing corruption.Related Articles
Jones, Kate, and Kerry Jacobs. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 1023‐1046. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00209.x/abstract

Pelizzo, Riccardo. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 117‐137. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00231.x/abstract

Pelizzo, Riccardo, Rick Staphenhurst, Vinod Sahgal, and William Woodley. 2006. “.” Politics & Policy 34 (): 774‐793. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00040.x/abstract
Related Media
African Videos. 2013. “.” http://www.africanvid.com/uganda/frustrated‐parliamentary‐public‐accounts‐committee‐gives‐up‐on‐interrogating‐geoffrey‐kazinda/

Mokone, Thabo. 2012. “.” Sowetan Live. http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2012/06/14/presidency‐grilled‐for‐over‐spending
Variability in the Management of Lithium Poisoning
Authors: Roberts Darren M. , Gosselin Sophie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThree patterns of lithium poisoning are recognized: acute, acute‐on‐chronic, and chronic. Intravenous fluids with or without an extracorporeal treatment are the mainstay of treatment; their respective roles may differ depending on the mode of poisoning being treated. Recommendations for treatment selection are available but these are based on a small number of observational studies and their uptake by clinicians is not known. Clinician decision‐making in the treatment of four cases of lithium poisoning was assessed at a recent clinical toxicology meeting using an audience response system. Variability in treatment decisions was evident in addition to discordance with published recommendations. Participants did not consistently indicate that hemodialysis was the first‐line treatment, instead opting for a conservative approach, and continuous modalities were viewed favorably; this is in contrast to recommendations in some references. The development of multidisciplinary consensus guidelines may improve the management of patients with lithium poisoning but prospective randomized controlled trials are required to more clearly define the role of extracorporeal treatments.
Hepatitis B virus nucleic acid amplification testing of Australian blood donors highlights the complexity of confirming occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Kiely Philip , Margaritis Angelo R. , Seed Clive R. , Yang Hung ,   Australian Red Cross Blood Service NAT Study Group
Published: March 2014

BackgroundWe present an analysis of the first 2 years of hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleic acid testing (NAT) of the Australian donor population.Study Design and MethodsBetween July 5, 2010, and July 4, 2012, all blood donations were screened for HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Donors who tested HBsAg negative but HBV NAT positive were assessed as occult hepatitis B infections (OBI) if reactive for antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti‐HBc). Donors who were anti‐HBc reactive but with nonrepeatable or nondiscriminated NAT results were assessed as HBV inconclusive pending follow‐up testing.ResultsDuring the study period a total of 2,673,521 donations were screened for HBV. Forty‐two chronic OBI infections (5.55/100,000 donors) were identified compared to eight acute serologic window period infections (1.06/100,000 donors). Of the 42 OBI cases, 23 (54.8%) were detected the first time they were screened for HBV DNA while 19 (45.2%) gave one or more HBV NAT–nonreactive results before detection. Of 68 donors initially assessed as HBV inconclusive and available for follow‐up, 10 later confirmed as OBI cases while 51 were NAT nonreactive but remained anti‐HBc reactive and OBI could not be excluded.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a substantially higher prevalence of OBI compared to acute serologic window period HBV infections in Australian blood donors. Follow‐up testing of OBI cases indicates that HBV DNA is often only intermittently detectable in OBI, highlighting the importance of including anti‐HBc to optimize the HBV testing algorithm.
Detection of malarial DNA in blood donors – evidence of persistent infection
Authors: Kitchen A. D. , Chiodini P. L. , Tossell J. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesThe English transfusion service has screened donations from malaria‐risk donors for malarial antibodies for over 10 years. The donor population includes migrants from many malaria‐endemic countries and, from our experiences with post‐transfusion malaria, some of these may remain parasitaemic and need clinical review.Materials and MethodsMalarial antibody screen‐reactive donations with serological evidence of malaria identified by the reference laboratory were further investigated for the presence of malarial DNA.ResultsMalarial DNA was found in 14 of 1955 samples investigated; three P. falciparum, five P. vivax, three P. ovale, two P. malariae and one dual parasitaemia P. falciparum/P. malariae. All of these were donors whose malaria risk was residency rather than travel.ConclusionMalarial parasitaemia in healthy donors occurs, and donor malaria‐risk strategies must take into account the possibility of such donors presenting. Countries not utilizing malarial antibody screening should consider carefully the collection of donations from donors previously resident in endemic countries; temporary deferral is insufficient.
Hepatitis E Virus Antibody Prevalence in Wildlife in Poland
Authors: Larska M. , Krzysiak M. K. , Jabłoński A. , Kęsik J. , Bednarski M. , Rola J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryHepatitis E is an important public health problem mostly in developing but occasionally also in industrialized countries. Domestic and wildlife animals are considered reservoirs of the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Since no information on the prevalence of autochthonous HEV infections in human and animal in Poland is available, the aim of the study was to investigate the HEV seroprevalence of different wildlife species as potential virus reservoirs in the country. No HEV antibodies were found in any of the sera collected from the red deer (Cervus elaphus), European bison (Bison bonasus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), elk (Alces alces), fallow deer (Dama dama), sika deer (Cervus nippon), Tatra chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica) or brown bear (Ursus arctos). HEV‐specific antibodies were detected in 44.4% (95% CI 38.3–50.7) serum samples originated only from wild boars. The percentage of seropositive wild boars differed significantly between the provinces and was positively correlated with the wild boar density and rurality of the area. This study showed that HEV circulates among wild boar population in Poland, and this species should be considered as an important reservoir of the virus.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG17M, an Environmental Isolate Belonging to Clone C, Prevalent in Patients and Aquatic Habitats
Authors: Lee Changhan , Peters Verena , Melefors Öjar , Römling Ute 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
SG17M is an environmental isolate recovered from river water in the city of Mulheim, Germany. SG17M belongs to clone C, which is distributed worldwide. This is the first clone C strain whose genome sequence has been determined.
Draft Genome Sequences of Cyclodextrin-Producing Alkaliphilic
Bacillus
Strains JCM 19045, JCM 19046, and JCM 19047
Authors: Kudo Toshiaki , Sakamoto Kazuaki , Akinaga Masashi , Kawauchi Ayumi , Nakahara Tomomi , Zhang Xiaochi , Yamada Akinori , Oshima Kenshiro , Suda Wataru , Kuwahara Hirokazu , Nakamura Nobuyuki , Nogi Yuichi , Kitamura Keiko , Yuki Masahiro , Iida Toshiya , Moriya Shigeharu , Inoue Tetsushi , Hongoh Yuichi , Hattori Masahira , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacillus
strains JCM 19045, JCM 19046, and JCM 19047 are alkaliphiles that produce β-cyclodextrin from starch. They are related to
Bacillus xiaoxiensis
and
Bacillus lehensis
. The genome information for these three strains will be useful for studies of the physiological role of cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin production.
Need factors for utilisation of institutional delivery services in Nepal: an analysis from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2011
Authors: Karkee Rajendra , Lee Andy H , Khanal Vishnu 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the role of need factors with respect to the utilisation of institutional delivery services in Nepal.DesignAn analytic study was conducted using a subset of 4079 ever married women from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, which utilised two-stage cluster sampling. Logistic regression with complex sample analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of antenatal care visits and birth preparedness activities on facility delivery.Outcome measuresFacility delivery.ResultsOverall facility delivery rate was low at 36.9% (95% CI 33.5% to 40.2%, SE 1.69). Only half (50.1%) of the women made four or more antenatal care visits while 62.9% (95% CI 59.9% to 65.8%, SE 1.51) did not indicate any of the four birth preparation activities. After adjusting for external, predisposing and enabling factors, women who made more than four antenatal care visits were five times more likely to deliver at a health facility when compared to those who paid no visit (adjusted OR 4.94, 95% CI 3.14 to 7.76). Similarly, the likelihood for facility delivery increased by 3.4-fold among women who prepared for at least two of the four activities compared to their counterparts who made no preparation (adjusted OR 3.41, 95% CI 2.01 to 5.58).ConclusionsThe perceived need, as expressed by the frequency of antenatal care visits and birth preparedness activities, plays an important role in institutional delivery service utilisation for Nepali women. These findings have implications for behavioural interventions to change their intention to deliver at a health facility.
Reoperation after oesophageal cancer surgery in relation to long-term survival: a population-based cohort study
Authors: van der Schaaf Maartje , Derogar Maryam , Johar Asif , Rutegård Martin , Gossage James , Mason Robert , Lagergren Pernilla , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe influence of reoperation on long-term prognosis is unknown. In this large population-based cohort study, it was aimed to investigate the influence of a reoperation within 30 days of oesophageal cancer resection on survival even after excluding the initial postoperative period.DesignThis was a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingAll hospitals performing oesophageal cancer resections during the study period (1987–2010) in Sweden.ParticipantsPatients operated for oesophageal cancer with curative intent in 1987–2010.Primary and secondary outcomesAdjusted HRs of all cause, early and late mortality up to 5 years after reoperation following oesophageal cancer resection.ResultsAmong 1822 included patients, the 200 (11%) who were reoperated had a 27% increased HR of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.53) and 28% increased HR of disease-specific mortality (adjusted HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.59), compared to those not reoperated. Reoperation for anastomotic insufficiency in particular was followed by an increased mortality (adjusted HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.76).ConclusionsThis large and population-based nationwide cohort study shows that reoperation within 30 days after primary oesophageal resection was associated with increased mortality, even after excluding the initial 3 months after surgery. This finding stresses the need to consider any actions that might prevent complications and reoperation after oesophageal cancer resection.