bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Partial Safety Factors for Shear Strength in Bearing Capacity Calculations for Cohesionless Soils
Authors: Hemada Amr A. , Osman Emad A. M. , Mohamed Ahmed M. A. 
Published: August 2024

Calculating bearing capacity is critical when designing shallow foundations. Many countries use limit state design (LSD) as the standard method for geotechnical design. The paper aims to develop realistic LSD partial factors for bearing capacity calculations of shallow foundations on cohesionless soils based on full-scale model tests. The experimental setup consisted of a hydraulic jack, concrete footing, sand samples, and pressure cells placed in a cylindrical wall. Fifteen sand samples were tested and classified by gradation and relative density. Settlement curves were plotted for each sample under an increasing load. The measured ultimate bearing stresses were found to be higher than theoretical values calculated using traditional methods. This indicates that the traditional approach is conservative. The suggested safety factor for the internal friction angle in cohesionless soils (γtan(ϕ)= 1.10) is notably lower than the values specified in Eurocode 7 at 1.25 and the Egyptian code of practice at 1.30. The proposed LSD partial factors allow for more economical designs than traditional factors while maintaining safety. The full-scale model-testing approach is novel and provides realistic factors directly applicable to Egyptian codes. The results are satisfactory and reasonable for the geotechnical design of shallow foundations on cohesionless soils. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-015 Full Text: PDF
Effective Stiffness and Damping Analysis of Steel Damper to Lateral Cyclic Loading
Authors: Ampangallo Bastian A. , Parung Herman , Irmawaty Rita , Amiruddin Arwin 
Published: August 2024

Steel dampers are components used in building structures to reduce vibration and energy generated by dynamic loads such as earthquakes. Several factors affect the effectiveness of steel dampers in reducing energy, including the cross-sectional area, mass distribution, cross-sectional geometry, and material stiffness. The cross-sectional geometry or shape of the steel damper can affect how energy is absorbed and dissipated in the structural system. Cross sections with different geometric variations can have different mechanical responses to dynamic loads. This study aims to analyze which type of steel damper is effective in terms of stiffness and damping capacity against lateral cyclic loads. The steel damper cross-sectional variations used are slit steel dampers (SSDs), tapered steel dampers (TSDs), and oval steel dampers (OSDs). Cyclic testing of the dampers used displacement control with the same target deviation for all three damper types. The results showed that the stress and strain distributions of the oval steel damper were more even than those of the other two models. The variations in the energy dissipation capacities of the three cross-section variations are relatively the same. However, the slit steel damper type has the best stiffness compared to the other two types. This research is ultimately expected to influence the science of the structure of a building in preventing and anticipating earthquakes or other disasters. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-017 Full Text: PDF
Groundwater Quality Assessment in the Middle-Upper Pleistocene Aquifer
Authors: Kieu Le Diem , Nguyen Pham Quoc 
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to assess groundwater quality and identify the main pollution sources of groundwater in Hau Giang province, Vietnam. Groundwater samples were collected at five locations (GW1-GW5) at qp2-3 aquifer in May and October 2022. Principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), water pollution index (WPI), and groundwater quality index (GWQI) were applied in the study. The results revealed that the groundwater quality was influenced by TDS, NH4+-N, permanganate index, and Fe. On the basis of WPI, GW2 and GW3 had the lowest water quality, exceeding a value of 1. The results of GWQI showed that groundwater quality was divided into three categories (excellent, poor, and unsuitable for drinking) in May and four categories (good, poor, very poor, and unsuitable for drinking) in October. The study also revealed seasonal variations in groundwater quality, particularly in GW5 (Vi Thuy district, Hau Giang, Vietnam). The CA results formed four water quality groups in both periods based on the similarity of groundwater parameters. PCA results presented that the three PCs explained 79.55% of the variation in groundwater quality. Three potential sources of pollution are derived from the discharge of wastewater (domestic, industrial, and agricultural), landfilling, and seawater intrusion. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-018 Full Text: PDF
Empirical Model of Unconsolidated Tephra Erosion: Verification and Application on Micro Catchment
Authors: Yunita F. Tata , Soekarno Indratmo , Nugroho Joko , Santosa Untung B. 
Published: August 2024

Erosion is an important process that shapes the earth's surface. Given the complexity of the process, efforts to understand it are essential. Over the last 50 years, numerous models of soil particle erosion by surface runoff emerged, some of which share similar forms and parameters. The differences lie in the coefficient values of the parameters, attributed to the characteristics of the soil material such as texture, structure, and organic matter content. However, these erosion models tend to underpredict in the case of new volcanic deposit erosion. The erosion model for unconsolidated tephra, proposed by Yunita, was developed through laboratory experiments using volcanic material from Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. Nevertheless, the model has not been implemented for other cases. Therefore, this study aims to verify the erosion model for volcanic material in other cases, explore the possibility of broader implementation, identify the factors that influence its accuracy, and determine the model’s limitations. To verify the model’s potential for broader application, we applied it to micro-scale catchments in St. Hellens (USA), Sakurajima (Japan), and a laboratory scale plot in Merapi (Indonesia). The verification yielded satisfactory results for all three cases, especially for new tephra deposits. In the case of St. Helens, the extrapolation of model coefficients was proven to still be applicable even for thicker tephra layers. However, the erosion prediction was overestimated for tephra layer deposits older than 1 year, as the erosion rate decreases over time due to the compaction and stabilization of the tephra layer. In the Sakurajima, the model was also suitable for predicting long-term erosion amounts (daily and monthly). Meanwhile, in Merapi, the model provided accurate predictions for slopes of 20º and 25º but was less accurate for 30º slopes, where the measured erosion was due to both erosion and slope failure. These verification results demonstrate the potential of applying the empirical erosion model to micro catchments with relatively homogenous slopes and tephra properties. The sensitivity test revealed that slope, runoff, rainfall intensity, and volcanic ash thickness are strongly influence the erosion rate. This study also simplified the volcanic ash erosion model as a function of slope (S0), runoff (q), and rainfall (i) by assuming the value of (1-τc/τ0) is equal to 1. Further study using GIS tools is required for its application on several catchments with heterogeneous characteristics. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-02 Full Text: PDF
Properties and Structure of Functional Concrete Mixtures Modified with River Shell Powder
Authors: Stel’makh Sergey A. , Shcherban’ Evgenii M. , Beskopylny Alexey N. , Hiep Nguyen Quang , Song Yamin , Elshaeva Diana , Chernil’nik Andrei , Shilov Alexandr A. , Karalar Memduh , Aksoylu Ceyhun , Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp 
Published: August 2024

The recycling of the aquaculture waste into clam powder reduces solid emissions and natural resources, which is important for Portland cement production. This study determines the feasibility of using recycled river shell waste as a partial replacement for cement in concrete technology. The study used normative methods and optical microscopy; the properties of cement mixtures, such as normal consistency, setting time (ST), compressive and flexural strength, were studied. Research findings have shown that the inclusion of river shell powder (RSP) in cement mixtures can reduce water demand and a decrease in setting time with increasing RSP content. It was also found that the strength of the cement mixture can be maintained with an RSP content of up to 10%. The following properties of the concrete were determined: workability, compressive strength (CS), and water absorption. Using RSP as a partial replacement for cement has been proven to elevate the slump of the fresh concrete cone. CS is maintained at a level comparable to the control composition, with an RSP content of no more than 8%, and water-absorbing is reduced by 7.31%. This study created new compositions, and the links between the ingredients, properties, and structure of cement composites modified with river shell powder were investigated. Additionally, the properties of the structure-formation process of these modified composites were studied. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-020 Full Text: PDF
Bond-Slippage Characteristics between Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheet and Heat-Damaged Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Alshuqari Esmail A. , Çevik Abdulkadir 
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the behavior of bond slip between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and heat-damaged geopolymer concrete specimens that have been exposed to various elevated temperatures (20°C, 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C). The research aims to address the challenges posed by elevated temperatures on the bond strength and to highlight our original achievements in understanding and mitigating these effects. To assess the effect of different CFRP bonding widths and lengths, geopolymer concrete specimens were cast and bonded to sheets of CFRP. A total of 32 samples were tested under double-shear tension, examining the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, failure modes, bond force-slip curves, ultimate bond force and slip, stiffness, energy absorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The study found that temperatures up to 200°C caused a slight decline in mechanical properties and bond-slip behavior, with a 5% decrease in bond force and slippage. At 400°C, bond force and slippage reduced by 16%. Exposure to 600°C led to a significant 42% reduction in bond-slip behavior. The developed bond slippage model showed good agreement with experimental results, providing a valuable tool for predicting bond behavior under high-temperature conditions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-03 Full Text: PDF
Evaluating the Efficiency of Alkaline Activator with Silica-Rich Wastes in Stabilizing Cadmium-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Saeed Khitam , Al-Khyat Sahar , Hacheem Zuhair Abd , Fartosy Sabah H. 
Published: August 2024

Contaminant soil remediation has potential engineering applications with various stabilization techniques addressing heavy metal contamination. Conventional soil stabilizers, however, have an environmental impact, promoting international research into environmentally friendly alternatives. Using waste byproducts to produce geopolymer binders as new green cementitious materials can provide an environmentally friendly and effective option for soil improvement. Silica-rich wastes have been advanced as a sustainable option for soil stabilization. The effectiveness of alkaline-activated silica-rich wastes in stabilizing cadmium-contaminated soil and its potential engineering utilization remain of profound significance, demanding sustained and rigorous research investigation. Cadmium was immobilized in silty clay soil by rich silica waste products—fly ash, silica fume, and rice husk ash—at various percentages with 4.5 and 6.5-molar alkaline activators. Unconfined compressive strength tests assessed soil behavior, while Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), pH tests, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope analyses explained cadmium immobilization mechanisms. The experimental results revealed that alkali-activated silica-rich wastes enhanced strength and cementitious properties and reduced cadmium leaching in the contaminated silty clay. The Finite Element Method was also employed to analyze the bearing capacity of the stabilized contaminated soil. The numerical results support the experimental results and confirm increased soil strength and reduced compressibility, endorsing the efficacy of the stabilization techniques and environmental benefits. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-04 Full Text: PDF
Effectiveness of Grouting and GFRP Reinforcement for Repairing Spalled Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Mansur Achmad Z. , Djamaluddin Rudy , Parung Herman , Irmawaty Rita , Nawir Daud 
Published: August 2024

Corrosion of steel reinforcement from chloride exposure can compromise the strength of reinforced concrete structures. Rust formation expands, applying pressure on concrete, resulting in cracks and spalling. Prompt repair is crucial for severe cases of spalling. This research assessed the efficacy of repair strategies for reinforced concrete beams post-spalling, including grouting and different techniques involving Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcement. The research examined four variations of reinforced concrete beams, each sized at 150 mm × 200 mm × 3300 mm. Results showed that the standard beam (BK) had an average maximum load capacity of 29.74 kN. In contrast, the grouted beam (BGR) demonstrated a reduced maximum load of 14.39 kN, along with decreased steel and concrete strain compared to BK. This suggests that the grouting repair did not fully restore the beam's flexural capacity after spalling. Incorporating GFRP strips (BGRS) led to a marginal increase in the beam's maximum load, albeit remaining below BK, with lower steel and concrete strain than BK. However, the steel and concrete approached their yield points, indicating enhanced flexural performance. The full-wrap GFRP beam (BGRSF) experienced an 8.08% increase in maximum load compared to BK, with concrete strain surpassing BK, suggesting an enhancement in flexural stiffness. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-05 Full Text: PDF
Assessing Multifaceted Effects of Speed Humps and Bumps: Travel Time, Safety, and Environmental Considerations
Authors: Shwaly Sayed A. , El-Ayaat Amal , Osman Reem 
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on investigating the significant impacts of speed breakers on various parameters, including travel time delays, vehicle speeds, fuel consumption, pavement maintenance costs, and vehicular exhaust emissions. Field data was collected and analyzed to assess the effects of different types of traffic calming measures on these parameters. The findings provide valuable insights into the implications of speed breakers on road safety, environmental pollution, and overall road infrastructure management. The results reveal that the implementation of speed humps, speed bumps, and triple bumps effectively slows down vehicles, as evidenced by considerable reductions in the 85th percentile speeds. The reduction percentages were 41.65% for speed humps, 73.52% for speed bumps, and 86.27% for triple bumps. This indicates the effectiveness of these traffic calming measures in improving road safety by reducing vehicle speeds. However, the presence of speed breakers also leads to increased travel time delays. On average, traversing stretches with speed humps, speed bumps, and triple bumps resulted in delays of 9.31, 16.42, and 29.51 seconds, respectively. While the individual delay times may appear relatively short, the cumulative effect of multiple speed obstacles along a road needs to be considered. Another significant impact observed is the increased fuel consumption associated with speed breakers. The study found that for every 100 km of travel, motorcycles and passenger cars consumed approximately 12.07 km and 27.37 km of additional fuel, respectively, when the density of speed breakers was 1.33/km. This translates to a fuel consumption increase of 13.73% for motorcycles and 37.74% for passenger cars. Furthermore, the presence of speed humps was found to contribute to pavement deterioration, as indicated by decreased Pavement Condition Index (PCI) values. The study also revealed that sections with speed humps incurred significantly higher maintenance costs compared to sections without speed humps. The increase in maintenance cost ranged from 100 to 264% across different road sections, with higher traffic volumes leading to greater cost escalation. Additionally, the study confirms that lower vehicle speeds, particularly between 0-15 km/hr, are associated with higher emissions of pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO) and other pollutants. This highlights the environmental implications of speed breakers and their contribution to urban air pollution. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-07 Full Text: PDF
Strength and Acid Resistance of Mortar with Different Binders from Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Slag, and Calcium Carbide Residue
Authors: Abdulmatin Akkadath , Sa Nurihan , Dueramae Saofee , Haruehansapong Sattawat , Tangchirapat Weerachart , Jaturapitakkul Chai 
Published: August 2024

This study deals with the use of ground palm oil fuel ash (GPOFA) in combination with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and ground calcium carbide residue (GCR) to produce the binary and ternary binders-based alkali activated mortar. The appropriate content of materials in each binder type was determined as a function of compressive strength. The results revealed that both GPOFA:GGBFS and GPOFA:GCR binders had an optimum blending ratio of 70:30 wt%, while the GPOFA:GGBFS:GCR binder was 55:30:15 wt%. An alkaline catalyst of NaOH was admixed to the best mixture in each binder type to stimulate the mortar's compressive strength. The sulfuric acid (H2SO4) resistance of the mortar in terms of weight change was also examined. The addition of 1M NaOH in both binary and ternary binders could enhance the compressive strength and H2SO4 resistance of the mortar. The highest compressive strength and lowest weight change due to soaking in H2SO4 solution were found in the ternary binder mortar with a 1 M NaOH. The mortar with GCR immersed in H2SO4 solution resulted in an increased weight, which was different from that of the mortar without GCR. The microstructural analysis of the alkali-activated pastes indicated more reaction products than in the case of the pastes without alkali activator. However, a higher concentration of 2 M NaOH resulted in a poor microstructure, which had a negative effect on the compressive strength and H2SO4resistance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-08 Full Text: PDF
Post-Earthquake Liquefaction Vulnerability Mapping by Swedish Weight Sounding and Standard Penetration Test
Authors: Irdhiani . , Rifa’i Ahmad , Fathani Teuku Faisal , Adi Agus Darmawan 
Published: August 2024

On September 28, 2018, a 7.5-magnitude earthquake struck Palu City, Sigi Regency, and Donggala Regency in Central Sulawesi. It triggered liquefaction in different locations, including Balaroa, Petobo, Jono Oge, and Sibalaya; Typically, a significant number of studies conducted in the Balaroa region relied on a small amount of field test data to cover a rather large area. This research aims to map the liquefaction vulnerability by analyzing the data from both the Swedish Weight Sounding (SWS) and the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in the Balaroa area. The SWS data was acquired through mapping using a systematic grid sampling method at ten different locations. The liquefaction potential was analyzed based on the N values by converting the SWS data (Nsw and Wsw) to Nvalues using the Inada equation (1960). Afterward, the analysis findings were verified by comparing them with the SPT data obtained from the same area. Based on the SWS and SPT data analysis results, all locations, including the adjacent areas, exhibited very high liquefaction vulnerability. In contrast, the SPT data indicated that the areas further from the spots exhibited low and very low liquefaction. The findings indicated that the occurrence of post-earthquake liquefaction in Balaroa and other regions within Palu City is prone to recurrence following earthquakes of specific magnitudes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-09 Full Text: PDF
Manajemen Pembelajaran dalam Memperkuat Pendidikan Karakter (Studi Kasus di Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Yatsi Madani Kota Tangerang)
Authors: Halimah Nur , Sulastini Rita , Lisyawati Elis , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian studi kasus ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan penjelasan terkait bagaimana implementasi manajemen pembelajaran dalam memperkuat pendidikan karakter mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Yatsi Madani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam memperoleh data dan informasi di antaranya meliputi observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan triangulasi (penggabungan dari ketiganya). Data informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Dekan, Ketua Program Studi, Sekretaris Program Studi, Dosen dan mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas yatsi Madani. Hasil dari penelitian ini dinyatakan bahwa Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Yatsi Madani telah menetapkan manajemen pembelajaran yang tepat dalam memperkuat pendidikan karakter mahasiswa. Dari segi wawancara dan dokumentasi, manajemen pembelajaran di Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan menerapkan pendidikan karakter mengacu pada Kurikulum KKNI Perawat Reguler dan Non regular, Kurikulum AIPNI Non Reguler, termaktub juga pada RPS Mata kuliah Dosen, sebaran mata kuliah, visi misi Prodi. Kesimpulannya manajemen pembelajaran dalam memperkuat karakter tergambar dari perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran (teori maupun praktik) dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Serta pendidikan karakter diwujudkan melalui jalur kokurikuler dengan kegiatan-kegiatan terprogram dan terstruktur sebagai contoh kegiatan pelatihan kreativitas, pelatihan kepemimpinan, dan pelatihan kewirausahaan. Pendidikan karakter terimplementasikan pula melalui jalur ekstrakurikuler yang mana kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bakat, minat, dan kegemaran mahasiswa. Kegiatan ektrakurikuler beragam seprti olah raga, seni, dan minat khusus.
TECNOLOGIA ASSISTENCIAL PARA DIAGNÓSTICOS E INTERVENÇÕES DE ENFERMAGEM PARA PACIENTES NEUROCIRÚRGICOS EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Brabo Adriele do Socorro Santos , Lima Fernando Conceição de , Almeida Camila Brito de , Gomes Rodrigo Silva , Freitas Luana da Silva , Silva Annela Isabell Santos da , Rêgo Lopes Ueno Thalyta Marianny , Simor Alzinei 
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Construir uma tecnologia assistencial com diagnósticos e prescrições de enfermagem específico para pacientes em pós-operatório de neurocirurgia admitidos no CTI de um Hospital de Referência em Oncologia em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Método: Pesquisa metodológica, com abordagem quantitativa e de produção tecnológica assistencial, desenvolvido em um hospital público, no período de março a julho de 2021. Foram analisados 90 prontuários de pacientes neurocirúrgicos no ano de 2019. Resultados: A maioria apresentou parâmetros normais, estavam conscientes e faziam uso de algum tipo de dispositivo invasivo. Os principais diagnósticos observados foram os tumores encefálicos e o procedimento mais frequente foi a microcirurgia para tumor intracraniano. Entre as complicações foi observado a hipotensão, a hipertensão e a cefaleia. A construção do instrumento contou com 21 Diagnósticos de enfermagem e intervenções. Conclusão: A compreensão desses achados é essencial para que novos mecanismos de cuidado sejam desenvolvidos, principalmente, por parte da equipe de enfermagem, uma vez que esses profissionais assistem, de forma integral e constante, os pacientes neurocríticos e são os profissionais de primeira linha que atuam nas intercorrências.