bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of heat of combustion and calorific value of the cones and wood of selected forest trees species
Authors: Aniszewska Monika , Gendek Arkadiusz 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Every year, scaling plants buy (up to tens of tons) cones which needs to be peeled. After the process of scaling, the cones themselves are waste, which is partly sold. The problem of waste disposal is especially severe in plants where the processing is performed by electrically-powered scaling cabinets, but the problem does not apply to facilities where pellets are burned to produce beat.
We examined the beat of combustion and calorific value of the residues from scaling plants that can be used in the production of refined wood fuels. The residues consist of the empty cones of pine, spruce, larch as well as husks and stems of silver fir. Additionally, we conducted measurements of the beat of combustion for wood and cones of each species and compared them to their respective calorific values.
The results revealed that the average calorific value of the cones is in the range 17.81-19.86 MJ/kg. Our work showed that empty cones have a significantly higher calorific value and beat of combustion than the wood of spruce, larch and fir. In the case of pine, cones and wood did not differ significantly.
These results led us to the conclusions that empty de-scaled cones can be utilised as a valuable primary solid fuel or fuel additive for the production of refined products for the local market.
Due to the low annual production of cones in comparison to other materials such as sawdust and wood chips, pine cones should be used as a supplement, to enrich fuels of inferior quality by enhancing their energetic properties.
The possibilities of biologically protecting plants against diseases in nurseries, with special consideration of Oomycetes and Fusarium fungi
Authors: Okorski Adam , Oszako Tomasz , Nowakowska Justyna A. , Pszczółkowska Agnieszka 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Achieving high quality propagative material is difficult today due to the limited number of pesticides recommended for use. Simultaneously, EU regulations on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in forest nurseries came into a force, requiring a search for alternative plant protection methods that are safe for humans, animals and the environment. In this paper, we present the possibilities of using bio-fungicides against diseases in forest nurseries, their mechanisms of action, as well as the direction of their development (according to IPM rules). We reviewed the results achieved by different research teams presenting the possibilities and trends in combatting Oomycetes and Fusarium spp. pathogens currently having the most important economic impact.
The systematics and paleobiogeographic significance of Sub-Boreal and Boreal ammonites (Aulacostephanidae and Cardioceratidae) from the Upper Jurassic of the Bohemian Massif
Authors: Hrbek Jan 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Upper Jurassic marine deposits are either rarely preserved due to erosion or buried under younger sediments in the Bohemian Massif. However, fossil assemblages from a few successions exposed in northern Bohemia and Saxony and preserved in museum collections document the regional composition of macro-invertebrate assemblages and thus provide unique insights into broad-scale distribution and migration pathways of ammonites during the Late Jurassic. In this paper, we focus on the systematic revision of ammonites from the Upper Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian deposits of northern Bohemia and Saxony. The ammonites belong to two families (Aulacostephanidae and Cardioceratidae) of high paleobiogeographic and stratigraphic significance. Six genera belong to the family Aulacostephanidae (Prorasenia, Rasenia, Eurasenia, Rasenioides, Aulacostephanus, Aulacostephanoides) and one genus belongs to the family Cardioceratidae (Amoeboceras). They show that the Upper Jurassic deposits of the northern Bohemian Massif belong to the Upper Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian and paleobiogeographically correspond to the German-Polish ammonite branch with the geographical extent from the Polish Jura Chain to the Swabian and Franconian Alb. Therefore, the occurrences of ammonites described here imply that migration pathway connecting the Polish Jura Chain with habitats in southern Germany was located during the Late Oxfordian and Early Kimmeridgian in the Bohemian Massif.
Ozone decomposition
Authors: Batakliev Todor , Georgiev Vladimir , Anachkov Metody , Rakovsky Slavcho , Rakovsky Slavcho 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Catalytic ozone decomposition is of great significance because ozone is a toxic substance commonly found or generated in human environments (aircraft cabins, offices with photocopiers, laser printers, sterilizers). Considerable work has been done on ozone decomposition reported in the literature. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the literature, concentrating on analysis of the physico-chemical properties, synthesis and catalytic decomposition of ozone. This is supplemented by a review on kinetics and catalyst characterization which ties together the previously reported results. Noble metals and oxides of transition metals have been found to be the most active substances for ozone decomposition. The high price of precious metals stimulated the use of metal oxide catalysts and particularly the catalysts based on manganese oxide. It has been determined that the kinetics of ozone decomposition is of first order importance. A mechanism of the reaction of catalytic ozone decomposition is discussed, based on detailed spectroscopic investigations of the catalytic surface, showing the existence of peroxide and superoxide surface intermediates
Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of Korean Undaria pinnatifida in mouse B16 melanoma cells
Authors: Kim Min-Jin , Kim Dong Sam , Yoon Hun-Seok , Lee Wook Jae , Lee Nam Ho , Hyun Chang-Gu 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
A number of seaweed species are used as traditional foods and medicine in different parts of the world, including Asian countries. However, very few data on the anti-melanogenic effect of seaweed have been published. Undaria pinnatifida (Dolmiyeok), a brown alga, is a traditional food in Jeju Island, the southern regions of the Korea peninsula. In this study, ethylacetate extracts of U. pinnatifida (UPE) were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials. Our results supports the finding that UPE down-regulated melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. To clarify the target of UPE action in melanogenesis, we performed Western blotting for tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which are key melanogenic enzymes. UPE inhibited tyrosinase and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that treatment with UPE significantly inhibits the melanogenesis in B16 cells, and may be effective in the whitening agent for the skin
Effects of cadmium and monensin on renal and cardiac functions of mice subjected to subacute cadmium intoxication
Authors: Ivanova Juliana , Gluhcheva Yordanka , Arpadjan Sonja , Mitewa Mariana 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known nephrotoxic agent. Cd-induced renal dysfunction has been considered as one of the causes leading to the development of hypertension. The correlation between Cd concentration in blood and urine and cardiovascular diseases has been discussed in many epidemiological studies. A therapy with chelating agents is utilized for the treatment of toxic metal intoxication. Herein we present novel information indicating that monensin (applied as tetraethylammonium salt) is a promising chelating agent for the treatment of Cd-induced renal and cardiac dysfunction. The study was performed using the ICR mouse model. Adult ICR male mice were divided into three groups with six animals in each group: control (received distilled water and food ad libitum for 28 days); Cd-intoxicated (treated orally with 20 mg/kg b.w. Cd(II) acetate from day 1 to day 14 of the experimental protocol), and monensin treated group (intoxicated with Cd(II) acetate as described for the Cd-intoxicated group followed by oral treatment with 16 mg/kg b.w. tetraethylammonium salt of monensic acid for 2 weeks). Cd intoxication of the animals resulted in an increase of the organ weight/body weight indexes. Cd elevated significantly creatinine and glucose level in serum. Monensin treatment improved the organ weight/body weight ratios. The therapy of the Cd-intoxicated animals with monensin ameliorated the creatinine and glucose level in serum and decreased the concentration of the toxic metal ions in the heart and kidneys by 54 % and 64 %, respectively
Rainfall interception and spatial variability of throughfall in spruce stand
Authors: Dohnal Michal , Černý Tomáš , Votrubová Jana , Tesař Miroslav 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The interception was recognized as an important part of the catchment water balance in temperate climate. The mountainous forest ecosystem at experimental headwater catchment Liz has been subject of long-term monitoring. Unique dataset in terms of time resolution serves to determine canopy storage capacity and free throughfall. Spatial variability of throughfall was studied using one weighing and five tipping bucket rain gauges. The basic characteristics of forest affecting interception process were determined for the Norway spruce stand at the experimental area - the leaf area index was 5.66 - 6.00 m2 m-2, the basal area was 55.7 m2 ha-1, and the crown closure above individual rain gauges was between 19 and 95%. The total interception loss in both growing seasons analyzed was 34.5%. The mean value of the interception capacity determined was about 2 mm. Throughfall exhibited high variability from place to place and it was strongly affected by character of rainfall. On the other hand, spatial pattern of throughfall in average showed low variability.
Impact of evapotranspiration on discharge in small catchments
Authors: Dvořáková Šárka , Kovář Pavel , Zeman Josef 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We apply the Linear Storage Model (LSM) to simulate the influence of the evapotranspiration on discharges. High resolution discharge data from two small catchments in the Czech Republic, the Teply Brook and the Starosuchdolsky Brook catchment are used. The results show the runoff process is simpler in a deeper valley of the Starosuchdolsky catchment where the soil zone is deeper and the valley bottom recharges runoff even during very dry periods. Two-soil zone model is adequate to simulate the diurnal runoff variability. Three-soil zone model is needed in the Teply Brook catchment due to the absence of water transport in the most-upper soil zone. Time delays between minimum and maximum discharge during the day reach up to about 20 hours. Evapotranspiration and hydraulic resistances are as high as 14% of catchment daily runoff in the urbanized Starosuchdolsky Brook catchment and 25% of catchment daily runoff in the forested, less impacted Teply Brook catchment
Explanation or Understanding? Movement Studies Between Natural Sciences and Cultural Studies
Authors: Eichberg Henning 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Movement studies are - like health studies - placed between natural sciences and cultural studies as well as between quantitative and qualitative methods. That is why they are challenged by some methodological contradictions. Yet the dual relations between nature and culture, and between quantitative and qualitative methods, may be of superficial character. Deeper beneath, one finds tensions with theoretical implications: between the quest for evidence and the comparative method, between generalization and case study, between explanation and understanding, between the correctness of the answer and the quality of the question, between affirmative and fluent knowledge, between factors and connections, between data and patterns, between the state of research and historical change of knowledge, between objectivity and subjectivity, and between theory and philosophy. There seems to be something akin to cultural struggle in the field of knowledge. Yet the dual contradictions do not comprise two neatly separated “cultures of knowledge” that exclude each other. There are cross-disciplinary connections and overlaps, which help toward an understanding of human life.
Morphological Characterisation And Molecular Sex Determination Of Human Remains From The 15th–17th Centuries In Latvia
Authors: Ščėsnaitė-Jerdiakova Asta , Pliss Liāna , Gerhards Guntis , Gordina Elīna Pētersone , Gustiņa Agnija , Pole Ilva , Zole Egija , Ķimsis Jānis , Jansone Inta , Ranka Renāte 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Sex determination is one of the most important and initial steps in human profile identification from archaeological material. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the application of molecular approaches alongside morphological methods for sex determination in archaeological human skeletal remains. Human skeletal remains were excavated from three cemeteries: St Gertrude Old Church, Dom Square and St Peter’s Church, of 15th–17th century burials in Rīga, Latvia. Morphological and molecular genetic methods, including amplification of genes AMELX/Y and SRY were used to analyse seven skeletal remains. The conducted analyses of morphological features identified sex in all seven cases (two females and five males). By molecular analyses of mediaeval DNA it was possible to determine sex in five of seven (71%) samples. In all positive cases full agreement between morphological estimation and molecular genetic methods was observed. To conclude, DNA analysis can be considered for sex identification in cases with no signs of sexual dimorphism (juvenile skeletons) or partially preserved skeletons.
Comparison of Cefoxitin and Oxacillin disc diffusion test for the detection of mecA mediated methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chowdhury Durdana , Jhora Sanya Tahmina , Paul Shika , Khan Tarek Mahbub , Saha Mili Rani , Khatun Hamida 
Published: November 2014

The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of cefoxitin disc diffusion test to detect methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and compare it with oxacillin disc diffusion test and detection of mecA gene by PCR. A total 116 S. aureus were isolated from clinical samples, collected from SSMC&MH, BIRDEM and NMC hospital, and was isolated by culture and identified by standard laboratory procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by oxacillin (1µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) discs. PCR for amplification of mecA gene was performed as a gold standard method. Out of 116 isolates, 28 were PCR positive, 33 and 31 were oxacillin and cefoxitin resistant respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MRSA was 100% and 94.31%inoxacillin disc diffusion test, and 96.42% and 95.45%in cefoxitin disc diffusion test respectively. Specificity is higher (95.45%) in cefoxitin disc diffusion test than oxacillin disc diffusion test in the detection of MRSA. Use of disc diffusion tests for both oxacillin and cefoxitin can help in more accurate prediction of methicillin resistance than single test, especially in centers which are not equipped to carry out more sophisticated tests for the detection of MRSA.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i1.19314 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(01): 7-10
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates in a Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh, 2005-2006
Authors: Mawla Nurun Nahar , Islam KM Shahidul , Lutfor Afzalunnessa Binte , Sultana Shahin 
Published: November 2014

Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for quick and appropriate therapy. But, despite the seriousness of the problem, available data on antibiotic resistant pathogens are limited in Bangladesh. For this reason, the present study have been undertaken to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacterial strains to guide the clinician in selecting the best antimicrobial agent for an individual patient and to accumulate epidemiological information for public health importance. Isolates were identified by conventional methods from different samples of urine, blood, pus, wound swab, stool, high vaginal swab and pleural fluid from patients attending to Sir Salimullah Medical College and Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2005 and October 2006. Antimicrobials susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauers disc diffusion method and reported according to CLSI guidelines. Of the 1592 different tested samples, 779 showed growth of pathogens, among which the most prevalent gram negative bacilli were Escherichia coli (71%) followed by Pseudomonas (8%) and Klebsiella (5%). Staphylococcus aureus (11%) was found as the most important gram positive resistant pathogens. The resistance pattern among gram negative bacilli was observed high against ampicillin, cephalexin, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus showed almost same trend except ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Most of the isolates were resistant to 4 or more number of antibiotics. Available antimicrobials with good activity against resistant pathogens include ceftriaxone and imipenem. The role of fluoroquinolones in the empiric treatment of bacterial infections is also being limited by new resistance patterns and increasing resistance levels, resulting a considerable economic and health burdens on our country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i1.19316 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(01): 15-19
La panoplie de Persée : fonctions de l’objet-attribut
Authors: Clo Magdeleine 
Published: November 2014

Perseus’ panoply : the function of the attributes
The object is defined as an essential part of the outfit of a character and identifies him. The history of this object (clothes, accessories, weapon, etc.) is tied to him. What role plays the object in the mythological episode then ? How can it become an attribute ? Perseus is a hero who is surrounded by many objects when performing his exploits : the winged sandals of Hermes, the helmet of Hades, a bag (the kibisis), a shield and a sickle (the harpè). But these objects are not there by chance. If they seem redundant to readers of the myths, that is that they each have a specific role and function. It is precisely Perseus’ particular use of these objects that allows his victory over the Gorgon and this is why it is precisely the objects that mark the reader when he imagines Perseus with the Gorgon or with Andromeda. Objects surrounding the mythological character cannot be neglected and have a special significance : they build up Perseus as a hero.
Usages sournois du don et objets mortifères chez Sophocle
Authors: Müller Frank 
Published: November 2014

Insidious uses of the gift and deadly objects in Sophocles’ tragedies
This article looks at the gift of objects in Sophocles. Numerous objects can be found in the plays of the tragedian, and they serve many functions ; they can be deadly and, in the semantic context of the plot (war, ritual, funeral, for instance), they can carry important values for their owner. Beside these functions, the way the objects are given as a legacy, or as a gift is also significant. In Ajax on the one hand the gift of the sword leads to the death of the hero and on the other the gift of the shield signifies the transmission of the father’s heroic values to the son. In the Trachiniae the gift of the peplos in the context of the sacrifice and the bestial world is the answer to the «gift » of Iole by Heracles, fi rst to Deianeira then to Hyllos in the context of the wedding, as an «object » linked to the power or Eros. In Electra the gift of the facticious urn allows Orestes to unfold his identity and the urn represents the peak of the mise en abîme of tragic fi ction ; Clytemnestra’s offerings bring to light the opposition between language and non verbal signs. In Philoctetes the restitution of the bow to the hero puts an end to Ulysse’s trickery and echoes the previous gift by its fi rst owner, Heracles. These transactions, when deadly, are mostly linked to a trickery or a contrivance (μηχανή ) and are caracterized by a reciprocity (χάρις), which is false or unbalanced. In this context objects can be agents and express intentions which go beyond the action of the protagonists who handle them.
Santiago : un modèle contesté de fabrication néolibérale de la ville
Authors: Cattaneo Pineda Rodrigo 
Published: November 2014

Depuis plus de deux décennies, Santiago expérimente de nouvelles modalités de régulation de la croissance urbaine. Dans le centre-ville, les autorités publiques ont encouragé le développement de l’activité immobilière afin d’inverser la tendance au dépeuplement des quartiers historiques. En périphérie, l’étalement urbain a cessé d’être combattu pour devenir l’objet d’une négociation sur le co-financement des frais engendrés par la périurbanisation. Santiago est ainsi devenu un exemple de gestion de la production urbaine à travers le marché. Toutefois, la « coalition de croissance » formée par la haute fonction publique et l’industrie immobilière affronte aujourd’hui le défi d’un mouvement social urbain en pleine recomposition. De nouvelles organisations revendiquent le droit à décider du sort de leur environnement urbain. Se pose alors la question de comment concilier l’impératif du maintien de l’activité économique et la demande d’une démocratisation réelle de la gouvernance métropolitaine.
Les ressources de l'État révolutionnaire : des titres au long cours dans les familles mexicaines
Authors: Michel Aurélia 
Published: November 2014

Depuis la Révolution de 1917, l’Etat mexicain a redistribué des ressources sur son territoire, y compris dans les zones rurales du Sud-Est considérées comme les plus pauvres : sous forme de terres agricoles, ou encore d’emplois publics dans l’éducation ou l’industrie du pétrole. Nous observons ici comment, dans la région de Tehuantepec, ces ressources continuent indirectement d’organiser la subsistance des familles. L’article s’appuie sur différents exemples de familles disposant d’un emploi à PEMEX, l’entreprise pétrolière nationale, et analyse leur trajectoire sur trois générations. Il montre ainsi comment les bénéficiaires de la réforme agraire comme les employés de PEMEX sont devenus, au fur et à mesure de la raréfaction de ces ressources, des titulaires, transmettant leur titre à la génération suivante, ou bien le faisant valoir sur un marché local. Ces titres, devenus peu nombreux et insuffisants pour la subsistance de la génération suivante, s’articulent aujourd’hui à des projets de mobilités dans lesquels les familles, pour les conserver, maintiennent des points d’ancrage fort dans la région de départ.
Acute Iodine Toxicity from a Suspected Oral Methamphetamine Ingestion
Authors: Bulloch Marilyn N. 
Published: November 2014

Background Iodine is a naturally occurring element commercially available alone or in a multitude of products. Iodine crystals and iodine tincture are used in the production of methamphetamine. Although rarely fatal, iodine toxicity from oral ingestion can produce distressing gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic symptoms, such as hypotension and tachycardia, from subsequent hypovolemia. Objective The objective of this case report is to describe a case of iodine toxicity from suspected oral methamphetamine ingestion. Case Report A male in his early 20′s presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, chills, fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea after orally ingesting a substance suspected to be methamphetamine. The patient had elevated levels of serum creatinine, liver function tests, and bands on arrival, which returned to within normal limits by day 4 of admission. Based on the patient's narrow anion gap, halogen levels were ordered on day 3 and indicated iodine toxicity. This is thought to be the first documented case of iodine toxicity secondary to suspected oral methamphetamine abuse. Conclusion Considering that the incidence of methamphetamine abuse is expected to continue to rise, clinicians should be aware of potential iodine toxicity in a patient with a history of methamphetamine abuse.