bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive dysfunction in older patients undergoing non‐neurosurgery in the immediate postoperative period: A systematic review
Authors: Kitthanyateerakul Pinyapat , Tankumpuan Thitipong , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the risk factors associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients within the first 7 days after non‐neurosurgical surgery and anaesthesia.DesignA systematic review.MethodsFollowing, PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses). Checklist, a systematic review of studies published from January 2018 to January 2024. The literature search was conducted across six electronic online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid, MEDLINE and Science Direct, and the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Evidence Rating Scale was used for study appraisal.ResultsThe initial search yielded 1750 studies. The review included 19 studies which comprised prospective observational, case–control and retrospective studies. The prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction ranged from 19% to 64% among older adults undergoing non‐neurosurgery. The identified risk factors were classified into three phases including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Preoperative risk factors were found in age, educational attainment, malnutrition, preoperative biomarkers and co‐morbidities. Intraoperative risk factors were the duration of the operation, blood loss during the operation and anaesthesia used. Postoperative risk factors consisted of postoperative biomarkers and postoperative pain.Patient or Public ContributionThe result from this review may assist researchers and healthcare providers in assessing the underlying causes and risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and in formulating suitable preventative and therapeutic strategies for older adults with non‐neurosurgery during the short‐term postoperative period.
Sex estimation of the human os coxae in archeological contexts: An advocacy of using both Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste and Brůžek's morphoscopic method
Authors: Villotte Sébastien , Kacki Sacha , Thomas Aline 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aims of this article are (1) to present the applicability of two methods of sex estimation of the coxal bone—the Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste (second version, DSP2) and the Brůžek's morphoscopic method (statistical version, SBMM)—on a large archeological metasample; (2) to provide the percentage of agreement between the two methods; and (3) to illustrate the interest to use both methods together. The metasample under study is composed of adult skeletons from several European collections spanning from the Final Mesolithic to the Early Modern period. It includes 1270 coxal bones belonging to 765 individuals. Final sex estimation provided by each method is compared for each coxal bone and for each individual. A sex estimate (female or male) has been obtained by at least one method for 1066 coxal bones, and for 685 of the individuals (83.9% and 89.5% of our sample, respectively). Incongruity between methods and/or left and right coxal bones is extremely rare. The combined use of SBMM and DSP2 yields high rates of congruent sex estimations. While DSP2 results in a lower rate of sex estimation compared to SBMM, it likely offers better inter‐observer reproducibility, and their joint application significantly increases the total number of classified individuals. It is recommended to record both metric and nonmetric variables from DSP2 and SBMM on both coxal bones to increase the number of sex estimations while maintaining high reliability.
Social Determinants of Health Impact Complications Following Free‐Flap Reconstruction for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Goldberg Zachary N. , Jain Amiti , Wu Richard , Cognetti David M. , Goldman Richard A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveHead and neck cancers (HNCs) have increased in prevalence and often require free‐flap reconstruction (FFR) after tumor ablation. Postoperative complications following FFR can be high, occurring in as many as 48% and 71% of cases. HNC patients also have many disparities in Social Determinants of Health (SDOH), but the potential impact of SDOH disparities on postoperative complications following FFR has not been formally assessed.Study DesignRetrospective cohort review.SettingAcademic Tertiary Care Institution in Northeast United States.MethodsPatients that underwent head and neck FFR between January 2018 and December 2021 were analyzed to determine associations between quartiles of the national Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a proxy for SDOH disparity, and various medical and surgical postoperative complications. Associations were assessed using χ2 analysis.ResultsTwo hundred four patients were included in the study, and 61 patients had 97 complications. Significant associations between higher national ADI quartile and incidence of several postoperative complications were identified, including any surgical complication (P = .0419), wound dehiscence (P = .0494), myocardial infarction (MI) (P = .0215), and sepsis (P = .0464).ConclusionThere are significant associations between SDOH disparities and postoperative surgical complications, wound dehiscence, MI, and sepsis following head and neck FFR. Addressing SDOH disparities in HNC is pivotal to enhance postoperative outcomes and promote holistic patient care.
A transparent, anti‐blue‐light, and high strength nylon/nickel phosphate oligomer nanocomposite formed via intermolecular hydrogen bond crosslinking
Authors: Shui Linyi , Zhou Lintao , Guo Xianxin , Chen Guohua , Zhao Xiaomin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolymer/transition metal inorganic salts nanocomposites are promising engineering materials in automotive, electronics, aerospace and smart wearables fields. However, the interfacial incompatibility always causes agglomeration and phase separation, constraining their further application. Inspired by inorganic oligomers' polymerization, nylon/nickel phosphate oligomer (NPO) nanocomposite (ENCC) was prepared via hydrogen bond crosslinking method. Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between PO43− end groups of NPO with an average diameter of 6.5 ± 1.2 nm and NH groups on the nylon molecular chain, the phase compatibility is greatly improved. Hence, NPO was uniformly nano‐dispersed and had no obvious agglomerate in ENCC, inducing an invisible phase interface at nano‐micro scale. Nylon/nickel phosphate oligomer showed an excellent reinforcing effect on nylon, the tensile strength and elongation of ENCC reached 28 ± 0.8 MPa and 585 ± 26% at a high loading of 20 wt%, increased by 155% and 92%, compared with pure matrix, respectively. Furthermore, ENCC was still optically transparent and had excellent anti‐blue‐light performance (up to 96.6%).Highlights
Novel inorganic/nylon composite prepared by hydrogen bond crosslinking method.
Phase separation and aggregation problems were solved remarkably.
Inorganic metal phosphate dispersed with a diameter of 6.5 ± 1.2 nm.
The composite was still transparent at 20 wt% loading of metal phosphate.
Tensile strength and elongation increased by 155% and 92%, respectively.
Comparing tensile, bending and interlaminar shear performance of GFRP composites fabricated using recovered and virgin glass fibers: Optimization of the microwave assisted chemical recycling technique
Authors: Khan Enamul Hussain , Gandi Rohith , Patnaik Satyaroop , Bera Madhab , Mukherjee Subrata , Prusty Rajesh Kumar , Ray Bankim Chandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobal glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) recycling provides an effective solution to the end‐of‐life wastes and industrial scrap, by which we can construct a closed‐loop system that reduces environmental impact while increasing sustainability. This study reports the tensile, flexural and shear properties of GFRP composites fabricated from reclaimed fibers from the waste GFRP. A hybrid recycling technique that is, microwave assisted chemical recycling has been used for recovering the glass fiber fabrics. The quantity of solvents (a mixture of 30% H2O2 and CH3COOH in 1:1 ratio) required (in mL/g) for degrading the polymer is optimized with respect to the amount of microwave irradiation time. The microwave irradiation duration was varied at constant power of 900 W for optimizing the quantity of solvent used. SEM analysis of both virgin and reclaimed fiber surfaces indicate an almost complete degradation of polymer from the waste composites. RGFE laminates, fabricated from reclaimed glass fiber fabrics, exhibited marginally higher tensile strength (7%–8%) and significant lower tensile modulus (~29%). On the other hand, RGFE composites demonstrated a greater strain to failure of ~44% compared to VGFE composites during tensile testing, consequently leading to a subsequent increase in tensile toughness by ~28%. The ILSS values obtained from SBS tests and storage modulus and loss factor curves from DMA tests showed almost similar values. SEM studies revealed the probable causes of failures of the samples for tensile and flexural tests.Highlights
Hybrid recycling technique using microwave irradiation is optimized.
Amount of solvent used is optimized by varying the irradiation times.
Tensile and flexural strengths exhibit a marginal increase of 7%–8%.
Significant rise in strain at failure by 44% and tensile toughness by 28%.
Fractography studies have been performed for analyzing failures.
Development of phytotherapeutic nanoformulation containing Gypsophila eriocalyx and its evaluation as a candidate formulation for osteoporosis treatment on human bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Kaymak Sibel , Kurtur Ozan Baris , Gok Bahar , Budama‐Kilinc Yasemin , Kecel‐Gunduz Serda , Nath Ebru Özdemir , Kartal Murat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionOsteoporosis, one of the common bone diseases, manifests itself as a decrease in bone mass. Recently, the use of medicinal plants in the search for effective and low‐toxicity therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis has become a trending topic.ObjectiveIn this study, we aim to prepare a controlled drug carrier system loaded with Gypsophila eriocalyx to determine its potential for anti‐osteoporosis applications.MethodsGypsophila eriocalyx extract (GEE) was prepared, and components were determined. The molecular interactions of the components with Cathepsin K (CatK), which is used as a target in drug development against osteoporosis, were revealed by in silico molecular docking and MD methods. ADMET profiles were also examined. GEE‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized. The nanoparticles' morphology, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, release profile, average size, polydispersity index, and zeta potentials were determined. The cytotoxic effects of GEE and GEE‐loaded CNPs on the L929 and osteogenic proliferation profiles on human bone marrow stem cells (hBMC) were examined.ResultsThe MD analysis revealed no breaks or atomic changes in the dynamic system, and the docking analysis confirmed the continued interaction of identical residues. It was determined that the GEE‐loaded CNP formulation was produced successfully, had no toxic effect on the L929, and had an osteogenic proliferation effect on hBMC.ConclusionIn line with the in vitro and in silico results obtained, it was evaluated that GEE‐loaded CNPs can be used as a controlled drug release system as a candidate formulation with phytotherapeutic properties for osteoporosis treatment.q1
Supramolecular structure of epoxy oligomers
Authors: Chalykh Anatoly E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBased on the generalized results of experimental methods for studying the viscosity of oligomers—DSC, electron microscopy, NMR spin echo, x‐ray diffraction analysis, edge wetting angles, laser microinterference, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, plastic flow—an analysis of the features of the supramolecular organization of melts and solutions of epoxy oligomers was carried out. In terms of thermofluctuation approach, a qualitative assessment of the structural elements forming a macroscopic polymer body is given, and direct morphological evidence of their structure, thermodynamic stability, size evolution with temperature changes and elastic‐strain effects is presented. A mathematical apparatus has been developed to describe the destruction of domains in solutions and melts of oligomers. Analytical equations have been proposed for calculating the time of thermofluctuation relaxation of domains. Based on the analysis of the supramolecular structure of dian epoxy oligomers by transmission electron microscopy and translational mobility of oligomer macromolecules in the high temperature region (Tg + 150°C), it has been suggested that a structure such as “flickering clusters” of free volume elements is formed in the oligomer melts.Highlights
Phase diagrams of aromatic and aliphatic epoxy oligomers have been constructed.
The influence of molecular weight on the activation energy of diffusion of viscous flow is estimated.
It has been shown that the supramolecular structure of epoxy oligomers in the melt contains “flickering clusters.”
The lifetime of density fluctuations of epoxy oligomers domains in melts has been calculated.
Precipitation enhancement over tropical land through the lens of the moisture–precipitation relationship
Authors: Schmidt Luca , Hohenegger Cathy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTropical precipitation has been found to be related to column relative humidity by a simple relationship known as the moisture–precipitation relationship . Based on one decade of daily ERA5 reanalysis data, we test whether is able to reproduce the tropical land–ocean precipitation contrast measured by , the ratio between mean precipitation over land and ocean. We find that captures the mean seasonal cycle of as long as we account for the fact that is distinct over land and ocean, and that it varies seasonally. Typical values of above 0.86 imply that precipitation is enhanced over land, relative to the ocean. We therefore investigate next whether this enhancement is due to the differences in and/or in the humidity distribution between land and ocean. We show that, rather than enhancing precipitation, the presence of land modifies in such a way that precipitation over land is disfavored compared to over ocean. Precipitation enhancement over land is instead explained by the modified terrestrial humidity distribution that features a more pronounced tail towards high values compared to the one over ocean. All results rest on an accurate construction of from the underlying data. Simple fit models such as an exponential function that were proposed by previous studies are unable to capture the seasonal cycle of and fail to explain land–ocean differences in precipitation.
Weibull mixture estimation based on censored data with applications to clustering in reliability engineering
Authors: Lamalle Florian , Feuillard Vincent , Sabourin Anne , Clémençon Stephan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is the purpose of this paper to propose a novel clustering technique tailored to randomly censored data in reliability/survival analysis. It is based on an underlying mixture model of Weibull distributions and consists in estimating its parameters by means of a variant of the Expectation–Maximization method in the presence of random censorship. Beyond the description of the algorithm, model selection issues are addressed and we investigate its performance from an empirical perspective by applying it to possibly strongly censored (synthetic and real) survival data. The experiments carried out provide strong empirical evidence that our algorithm performs better than alternative methods standing as natural competitors in this framework.
Designing and leading justice‐centered informal STEM education: A framework for core equitable practices
Authors: Greenberg Day , Kim Won Jung , Brien Sinead , Barton Angela Calabrese , Balzer Micaela , Archer Louise 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe explore how experienced informal educators worked towards equitable and consequential opportunities for learning in informal STEM settings through pedagogical practice. Drawing from a justice‐centered social practice stance we argue that pedagogical practice that promotes social transformation towards more just futures must confront and respond to, in integrated fashion, how unequal power dynamics, connected to systemic, structural oppressions, impact individual and collective learning. We refer to this focus on the entanglements between justice and responsibility as the ethical and relational dimensions of teaching and learning. In a research‐practice partnership, we drew upon participatory ethnography to explore how practice partners operationalized these “big justice ideas” in their practice. Using two detailed vignettes of practice we illustrate five interconnected patterns of practice: Recognizing, authority sharing, shifting narratives, co‐designing, and embracing humanity. We illustrate how these practices, and their variations, took shape in‐the‐moment, and worked in transformational ways. Last we discuss how these practices are consequentially directed towards shifting power—who has the power to name and legitimize what and who matters in informal STEM learning (ISL), how, and why—and about how youths and educators alike engaged each other towards affecting their lives, social relations, and possibilities. Findings can help informal educators refine and expand their mental models of youth, what matters to them, how and why, and what this could mean for their futures.
Reversible Electrochemical Swelling of Straight Carbon Nanotube Yarns for High‐Performance Linear Actuation
Authors: Wang Yulian , Wang Xiaobo , Zhao Yueran , Dong Lizhong , Zhou Tao , Yong Zhenzhong , Di Jiangtao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoiled artificial muscle yarns outperform their straight counterparts in contractile strokes. However, challenges persist in the fabrication complexity and the susceptibility of the coiled yarns to becoming stuck by surrounding objects during contraction and recovery. Additionally, torsional stability remains a concern. In this study, it is reported that straight carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns when driven by a low‐voltage electrochemical approach, can achieve a contractile stroke that surpasses even NiTi shape memory alloy fibers. The key lies in the suitable match between a yarn consisting of randomly aligned CNTs and the reversible and substantial electrochemical swelling induced by solvated ions. Wrinkled structures are formed on the surface of the CNT yarn to adapt to the swelling process. This not only assures torsional stability but also enhances the surface area for improved electrode–electrolyte interaction during electrochemical actuation. Remarkably, the CNT artificial muscle yarn generates a contractile stroke of 8.8% and an isometric stress of 7.5 MPa under 2.5 V actuation voltages, demonstrating its potential for applications requiring low energy consumption while maintaining high operational efficiency. This study highlights the crucial impact of CNT orientation on the effectiveness of electrochemically‐driven artificial muscles, signaling new possibilities in smart material and biomechanical system development.
The case for nominalGDPlevel targeting
Authors: Hendrickson Joshua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I make the case for a nominal GDP level target in the United States. I begin by arguing that the Federal Reserve's current flexible average inflation targeting regime is deficient. I then argue that since a competitive monetary equilibrium is optimal, monetary policy should seek to replicate the competitive monetary model. Doing so resembles nominal GDP targeting. I also offer the following practical reasons why policymakers might prefer a nominal GDP target. Nominal GDP targeting (a) does not require policymakers to determine whether current economic fluctuations are demand‐driven or supply‐driven nor does it require real‐time estimates of the output gap, (b) automatically prevents the central bank from exacerbating supply shocks, and (c) leads to greater financial stability. Finally, I make the case for targeting the level, rather than the growth rate, of nominal GDP. Doing so prevents the path of nominal GDP from deviating arbitrarily far from its intended growth path, which anchors expectations and aids in long‐run economic decision‐making.
Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline as Solid‐Phase Material for the Extraction of UV Filters From Waters
Authors: Anene Amira , Chevalier Yves , Hbaieb Souhaira 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSolid‐phase extraction (SPE) using a polyaniline molecularly imprinted polymer (PANI@MIP) is optimized for the extraction of benzophenone‐4 (BP4) from aqueous matrices. First, the three main variables influencing the washing step of the SPE method—type, composition, volume, and percolation flow rate of the washing solvent—were investigated. The optimal conditions for the washing step using the new PANI@MIP‐SPE for maximum retention of BP4 and elimination of interfering molecules (benzophenone‐3 [BP3] and benzophenone [BP]) were determined as follows: 1.25 mL acetonitrile/acetic acid/hexane (45/05/50 v/v/v) as wash solvent at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. A multiple linear regression model was validated using Student's t‐test to identify the most significant variables affecting this step, including the type and volume of each eluent solvent and the volume of the ternary mixture solvents. The reliability of the model was further confirmed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's F‐test at α = 0.05. The extraction recoveries of the target analyte exceeded 92% over the range of concentrations (from 0.1 to 120 mg L−1), and the maximum retention capacity of PANI@MIP‐SPE was 600 µg g−1, in contrast to 50 µg g−1 for PANI@NIP‐SPE.
Performance Comparison of Traditional, Nanopolymerized, and Entangled Belousov−Zhabotinsky Self‐Oscillating Gels
Authors: Cheng Zhenfang , Yuan Ling , Wang Hui , Yu Haodi , Zhang Meng , Epstein Irving R , Gao Tan , Ren Lin , Gao Qingyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBelousov−Zhabotinsky (BZ) self‐oscillating gels exhibit periodic volumetric swelling−deswelling, providing the basis for autonomous soft robots without external control. However, traditional BZ self‐oscillating gels suffer from degradation and slow chemo−mechanical response. Here, three types of BZ self‐oscillating gels were prepared by adjusting the monomer/crosslinker ratio and using N‐isopropylacrylamide nanogels as crosslinker. Compared with traditional gels, the toughness of nanopolymerized and entangled gels was markedly improved and their response to the Ru (III)/Ru (II) alternation was accelerated. The three self‐oscillating gels showed different periodic responses in a BZ reaction solution. Entangled gels, as a result of their greater spatial uniformity in energy dissipation and enhanced interconnection between mesopores, respectively, showed the longest lifetime and shortest chemo‐mechanical oscillation delay. The synthesis of tougher and faster responding entangled gels expands the function and application of BZ self‐oscillating gels.