bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and neonatal anti‐cytomegalovirus IgG level and risk of postnatal cytomegalovirus transmission in preterm infants
Authors: Nijman Joppe , van Loon Anton M. , Krediet Tannette G. , Verboon‐Maciolek Malgorzata A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractImmunological mechanisms influencing the risk of mother‐to‐child cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission in preterm infants have not been studied sufficiently. In this study, the correlation between maternal and neonatal serum anti‐CMV IgG levels and risk of postnatal CMV transmission in preterm infants was assessed. Anti‐CMV IgG levels of 79 CMV seropositive mothers and their 94 infants were determined in peripheral blood samples collected within 3 days after delivery. Postnatal CMV infection was detected in 39/94 (41%) infants by PCR on urine at term‐equivalent age (gestational age 40 weeks) after congenital infection was excluded. Maternal or infant anti‐CMV IgG levels were not significantly different between infants with and without postnatal CMV infection. The anti‐CMV IgG infant–mother ratio showed a significant positive correlation with gestational age (range 25–32 weeks, R2 = 0.218, P < 0.001), reaching 1.0 at 32 weeks of gestation. Anti‐CMV IgG infant–mother ratio was significantly lower in infants with postnatal CMV infection (P = 0.015). In conclusion, the risk of postnatal CMV transmission is related to low gestational age and low anti‐CMV IgG infant–mother ratio. J. Med. Virol. 85:689–695, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative study on chemical compositions and properties of protein isolates from mung bean, black bean and bambara groundnut
Authors: Kudre Tanaji G , Benjakul Soottawat , Kishimura Hideki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDDifferent legume seeds may have different protein compositions and properties, thereby affecting applications in food systems. This study aimed to extract and characterize protein isolates from legumes grown in Thailand, including mung bean (MBPI), black bean (BBPI) and bambara groundnut (BGPI).RESULTSAll protein isolates had a protein content in the range of 85.2–88.2%. The highest trypsin inhibitory activity was found in BGPI. All protein isolates exhibited satisfactory balanced amino acids with respect to the FAO/WHO pattern. MBPI and BBPI had three predominant proteins with a molecular weight (MW) range of 42–54 kDa, whereas BGPI had two dominant proteins with MW of 52 and 62 kDa. Based on differential scanning calorimetric analysis, MBPI and BGPI had two endothermic peaks, whereas three peaks were found for BBPI. All protein isolates exhibited similar FTIR spectra, indicating similarity in functional group and structure. All protein isolates showed a minimum protein solubility at around pH 4–5.CONCLUSIONAll protein isolates were important sources of proteins with high lysine content. Isolates from different legumes showed slight differences in physiochemical and thermal properties. Those isolates can be used as proteinaceous ingredients in a variety of food products such as salad dressing, meat products and desserts. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Repair of long type IV posterior laryngeal cleft through a cervical approach using cricotracheal separation
Authors: Propst Evan J. , Ida Jonathan B. , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA female infant with CHARGE syndrome and a long type IV cleft extending to within 5 mm of the carina underwent transcervical repair at 5 weeks of age. The trachea was transected from the cricoid cartilage and was peeled off the esophagus. The front of the esophagus and the back of the trachea were repaired while still ventilating the patient. The trachea was reconnected to the cricoid cartilage. This technique obviated the need for a sternal split, thoracotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. It improved visibility, access, airway stability, and coverage of the anastomosis with periosteum permitting a three‐layer closure. Laryngoscope, 2013
Preparation of ultrafine fast‐dissolving cholecalciferol‐loaded poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) fiber mats via electrospinning
Authors: Li Xiaoqiang , Lin Lin , Zhu Yanan , Liu Wanwan , Yu Tianshi , Ge Mingqiao 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study presents a method for incorporating cholecalciferol of a poorly water‐soluble vitamin into poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) fibers by electrospinning. The poorly water‐soluble vitamin was incorporated into water‐soluble polymeric matrix of nanofibers with the rapid evaporation of solvent during the electrospinning process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the diameter of nanofibers is range of 0.2‐2.9 μm. The physicochemical properties of the composite nanofibers were characterized by using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 82.1 % and 51.9 % of cholecalciferol was released in the first 20 s from the composite nanofibers with a drug‐to‐PVP ratio of 1:4 and 1:2, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and oil absorption of poly(butylmethacrylate)/organo‐attapulgite nanocomposite by suspended emulsion polymerization
Authors: Wang Jintao , Wang Qin , Zheng Yian , Wang Aiqin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of polybutylmethacrylate/organo‐attapulgite (PBMA/organo‐APT) nanocomposites were prepared by suspended emulsion polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker, and organo‐APT treated by different quaternary ammonium salt (C12, C16, and C18) as an inorganic component. The nanocomposites were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing that organo‐APT participated in polymerization by which a nanocomposite structure was formed. The effects of crosslinker and organo‐APT with different alkyl chain length on oil absorbency were investigated. The swelling kinetics in toluene, chloroform and gasoline were also systematically studied. The results reveal that introducing organo‐APT with moderate hydrophobic‐chain length into the PBMA polymeric network can improve oil absorption capability and swelling rate. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
pH‐responsive destabilization and facile bioconjugation of new hydroxyl‐terminated block copolymer micelles
Authors: Khorsand Behnoush , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNew hydroxyl‐terminated amphiphilic block copolymers (HO‐ABPs) having pendant t‐butyl groups for pH‐responsiveness and terminal OH groups for bioconjugation are reported. These HO‐ABPs consist of hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether methacrylate) and hydrophobic poly(t‐butyl methacrylate) blocks and were synthesized by a consecutive atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of an OH‐terminated bromine initiator. Aqueous self‐assembly of HO‐ABPs resulted in colloidally stable micellar aggregates being capable of encapsulating hydrophobic guest molecules. They were nontoxic to cells and destabilized in response to low pH. A facile bioconjugation of HO‐ABP micelles for active targeting is demonstrated by conjugation with biotin (vitamin H) and competitive assay exhibiting >93% ABP chains conjugated with biotin in each micelle. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Who Becomes an Unwed Mother in Greece? Sociodemographic and Geographical Aspects of an Emerging Phenomenon
Authors: Gavalas Vasilis S. , Rontos Kostas , Salvati Luca 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTOut of all European countries, the one with the lowest rate of childbearing outside marriage is Greece. However, it seems that the traditional attitudes towards family formation and childbearing have begun to change in Greece as well. Illegitimacy ratio has increased fourfold in less than 30 years. It is by using the vital statistics provided by the National Statistical Service of Greece that this paper answers to research questions regarding the sociodemographic profile of unwed mothers in Greece, in terms of educational level, age, and nationality. It also tries to find out what are the reasons of non‐marital childbearing in Greece and to investigate the geographical variation of this phenomenon within the country. A key finding is that the rise in the illegitimacy ratio from the 1990s onwards is largely due to the inflow of immigrants from other countries, mostly from the former Eastern Bloc. The social profile of these unwed mothers is totally different from their Greek counterparts, implying that foreign nationals who have children outside marriage do so by conviction and not because an unwanted pregnancy resulted to birth, which is mostly the case with Greek unwed mothers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics to topological states of matter
Authors: Budich Jan Carl , Trauzettel Björn 
Published: January 2013

Abstractmagnified imageOwing to the enormous interest the rapidly growing field of topological states of matter (TSM) has attracted in recent years, the main focus of this review is on the theoretical foundations of TSM. Starting from the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics which we present from a geometrical perspective, the concept of TSM is introduced to distinguish gapped many body ground states that have representatives within the class of non‐interacting systems and mean field superconductors, respectively, regarding their global geometrical features. These classifying features are topological invariants defined in terms of the adiabatic curvature of these bulk insulating systems. We review the general classification of TSM in all symmetry classes in the framework of K‐Theory. Furthermore, we outline how interactions and disorder can be included into the theoretical framework of TSM by reformulating the relevant topological invariants in terms of the single particle Green's function and by introducing twisted boundary conditions, respectively. We finally integrate the field of TSM into a broader context by distinguishing TSM from the concept of topological order which has been introduced to study fractional quantum Hall systems. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effects of oxygen co‐doping on structural, magnetic and optical properties of Mn‐doped GaN
Authors: Hu B. , Man B. Y. , Liu M. , Yang C. , Chen C. S. , Gao X. G. , Xu S. C. , Wang C. C. , Sun Z. C. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe GaMnN and GaMnN: O films were obtained by annealing at different NH3 flow rates. When the NH3 flow rate was decreased to 20 sccm, the oxygen was co‐doped into GaMnN film and substituted the few host atoms, which were confirmed by the X‐ray Photoelectron Spectra. Moreover, the oxygen co‐doping in GaMnN film drastically enhanced the gain of the ferromagnetic (FM) state but oxygen as shallow donor in GaN offers little carriers. Hence, the enhanced FM state is not due to increase of carrier concentration. On optical properties, the oxygen co‐doping in GaMnN film will suppress the blue luminescence centered near 2.8 eV and make a blue shift of the photoluminescence spectra. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MDE‐based process tailoring strategy
Authors: Hurtado Alegría Julio A. , Bastarrica María Cecilia , Quispe Alcides , Ochoa Sergio F. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYDefining organizational software processes is essential for enhancing maturity because they cannot be improved if they are not specified. However, software process definition is hard and still not good for assuring productivity because the best process depends on the project's particularities. The process engineer can define a specific process for each kind of project, but this is expensive, unrepeatable, and error prone. Moreover, it is difficult to foresee all project scenarios and therefore the appropriate processes. The most usual situation is to apply always the same software process, although it is known to be suboptimal. To deal with this challenge, we propose a model‐based approach to software process tailoring that automatically generates project‐specific processes on the basis of the organizational process and project contexts. We still require competent process engineers to define the company's process, but once done, our approach is systematic, repeatable, and easy to use. The proposal is applied for tailoring the requirements engineering process of a medium‐size Chilean company. Processes obtained matched those used in the company for planned project contexts, and they were also reasonable for nonexpected situations. The company's process and project engineers agreed that the approach was highly valuable. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach to software quality risk management
Authors: Bubevski Vojo 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYSoftware quality is very important in today's competitive business environment. It is a critical constraint on software projects. Software organizations’ major objectives are delivering products on time and achieving quality goals. Quality is directly dependent on software processes, which are inherently variable and uncertain, involving substantial risk. Managing quality risk is an important challenge. The conventional approach to quality risk management for ongoing software processes has two major deficiencies: static analytic models are used, and structured methodologies to enhance processes and improve quality are not systematically applied. This new practical method uses Six Sigma and Monte Carlo Simulation for ongoing quality risk management. DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) is systematically applied as a tactical framework to enhance the process and improve quality. Simulation predicts quality (reliability) at the expected process end and identifies and quantifies risk. DMAIC is a verified structured methodology for systematic process and quality improvements. Monte Carlo Simulation is superior to conventional risk models. These synergetic enhancements eliminate observed deficiencies. The method has been successfully proven and applied practically on real in‐house projects. Substantial savings, quality and customer satisfaction have been achieved. An application on an internal project and obtained results are presented. The method is simplistically elaborated on a published third‐party project answering key research questions from practical perspectives. This CMMI® compliant method offers important benefits including savings, quality and customer satisfaction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TG13 indications and techniques for biliary drainage in acute cholangitis (with videos)
Authors: Itoi Takao , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Pitt Henry A. , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Belli Giulio , Mayumi Toshihiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Büchler Markus W. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Jagannath Palepu , Gomi Harumi , Kimura Yasuyuki , Higuchi Ryota 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Tokyo Guidelines of 2007 (TG07) described the techniques and recommendations of biliary decompression in patients with acute cholangitis. TG07 recommended that endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage should be selected as a first‐choice therapy for acute cholangitis because it is associated with a low mortality rate and shorter duration of hospitalization. However, TG07 did not include the whole technique of standard endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage, for example, biliary cannulation techniques including contrast medium‐assisted cannulation, wire‐guided cannulation, and treatment of duodenal major papilla using endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD). Furthermore, recently single‐ or double‐balloon enteroscopy‐assisted biliary drainage (BE‐BD) and endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) have been reported as special techniques for biliary drainage. Nevertheless, the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) recommends that endoscopic drainage should be first‐choice treatment for biliary decompression in patients with non‐surgically altered anatomy and suggests that the choice of cannulation technique or drainage method (endoscopic naso‐biliary drainage and stenting) depends on the endoscopist's preference but EST should be selected rather than EPBD from the aspect of procedure‐related complications. In terms of BE‐BD and EUS‐BD, although there are many reports on the their usefulness, they should be performed by skilled endoscopists in high‐volume institutes, who are good at enteroscopy or echoendosonography, respectively, because procedures and devices are not yet established.
Comparison of Lipid Extraction from Microalgae and Soybeans with Aqueous Isopropanol
Authors: Yao Linxing , Lee Show‐Ling , Wang Tong , Gerde Jose A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe extraction efficiency of microalgae lipids with aqueous isopropanol (IPA) was investigated and compared with the extraction of oil from full‐fat soy flour. The effects of the type of microalgae (Scenedesmus sp. and Schizochytrium limacinum), cell rupture, and IPA concentration on the yield of oil and non‐lipid biomass were determined. The oil yield from intact cells of Scenedesmus was 86–93 % with 70, 88, or 95 % (by wt) IPA. Ultrasonic cell rupture prior to oil extraction decreased the oil yield of Scenedesmus to 74 % when extracting with 70 % IPA. The oil yield from intact cells of S. limacinum was <23 % regardless of the IPA concentration, but ruptured cells gave a 94–96 % oil yield with 88 or 95 % IPA. The different response of the two microalgae to extraction with IPA is possibly caused by differences in the cell wall structure and type and amount of polar lipids. The oil yield from soy flour with 88 and 95 % IPA was 93–95 %, which was significantly greater than yields with 50 and 70 % IPA. Cell rupture had no effect on soy flour extraction. In general, the oil yield from the ruptured cells of both microalgae and soy flour increased with increasing IPA concentration.
A Hajós-like theorem for weighted coloring
Authors: Araujo J. , Linhares Sales C. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The Hajós’ Theorem (Wiss Z Martin Luther Univ Math-Natur Reihe, 10, pp 116–117, 1961) shows a necessary and sufficient condition for the chromatic number of a given graph
$$G$$
to be at least
$$k$$
:
$$G$$
must contain a
$$k$$
-constructible subgraph. A graph is
$$k$$
-constructible if it can be obtained from a complete graph of order
$$k$$
by successively applying a set of well-defined operations. Given a vertex-weighted graph
$$G$$
and a (proper)
$$r$$
-coloring
$$c=\{C_1, \ldots , C_r\}$$
of
$$G$$
, the weight of a color class
$$C_i$$
is the maximum weight of a vertex colored
$$i$$
and the weight of
$$c$$
is the sum of the weights of its color classes. The objective of the Weighted Coloring Problem [7] is, given a vertex-weighted graph
$$G$$
, to determine the minimum weight of a proper coloring of
$$G$$
, that is, its weighted chromatic number. In this article, we prove that the Weighted Coloring Problem admits a version of the Hajós’ Theorem and so we show a necessary and sufficient condition for the weighted chromatic number of a vertex-weighted graph
$$G$$
to be at least
$$k$$
, for any positive real
$$k$$
.
Resistance of brain glucose metabolism to thiopental‐induced CNS depression in newborn piglets
Authors: Walter Bernd , Eiselt Michael , Cumming Paul , Xiong Guoming , Hinz Rainer , Uthe Susanne , Brust Peter , Bauer Reinhard 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe transition from mild sedation to deep anaesthesia is marked by the phenomenon of burst suppression (BS). FDG‐PET studies show that the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglc) declines dramatically with onset of BS in the adult brain. Global CMRglc increases substantially in the post‐natal period and achieves its maximum in preadolescence. However, the impact of post‐natal brain development on the vulnerability of CMRglc to the onset of BS has not been documented.Therefore, cerebral blood flow and metabolism were measured using a variant of the Kety–Schmidt method, in conjunction with quantitative regional estimation of brain glucose uptake by FDG‐PET in groups of neonate and juvenile pigs, under a condition of light sedation or after induction of deep anaesthesia with thiopental. Quantification of simultaneous ECoG recordings was used to establish the correlation between anaesthesia‐related changes in brain electrical activity and the observed cerebrometabolic changes.In the condition of light sedation the magnitude of CMRglc was approximately 20% higher in the older pigs, with the greatest developmental increase evident in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia (P < 0.05). Onset of BS was associated with 20–40% declines in CMRglc. Subtraction of the mean parametric maps for CMRglc showed the absolute reductions in CMRglc evoked by thiopental anaesthesia to be two‐fold greater in the pre‐adolescent pigs than in the neonates (P < 0.05). Thus, the lesser suppression of brain energy demand of neonate brain during deep anaesthesia represents a reduced part of thiopental suppressing brain metabolism in neonates.
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
Authors: Lin Pei‐Jung , Fillit Howard M. , Cohen Joshua T. , Neumann Peter J. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundIndividuals with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) have more frequent hospitalizations than individuals without ADRD, and some of these admissions may be preventable with proactive outpatient care.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional analysis of Medicare claims data from 195,024 fee‐for‐service ADRD beneficiaries aged ≥65 years and an equal number of matched non‐ADRD controls drawn from the 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries in 2007–2008. We analyzed the proportion of patients with potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAHs, as defined by the Medicare Ambulatory Care Indicators for the Elderly) and used logistic regression to examine patient characteristics associated with PAHs. We used paired t tests to compare Medicare expenditures by ADRD status, stratified by whether there were PAHs related to a particular condition.ResultsCompared with matched non‐ADRD subjects, Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD were significantly more likely to have PAHs for diabetes short‐term complications (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.31–1.57), diabetes long‐term complications (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.14), and hypertension (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.08–1.38), but less likely to have PAHs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/asthma (OR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.82–0.87) and heart failure (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.86–0.92). Risks of PAHs increased significantly with comorbidity burden. Among beneficiaries with a PAH, total Medicare expenditures were significantly higher for those subjects who also had ADRD.ConclusionMedicare beneficiaries with ADRD were at a higher risk of PAHs for certain uncontrolled comorbidities and incurred higher Medicare expenditures compared with matched controls without dementia. ADRD appears to make the management of some comorbidities more difficult and expensive. Ideally, ADRD programs should involve care management targeting high‐risk patients with multiple chronic conditions.