bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New puerulus collector design suitable for fishery-dependent settlement monitoring
Authors: Ewing Graeme , Frusher Stewart 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Fishery-independent diver-based puerulus settlement monitoring has been conducted for over two decades in sheltered inshore shallow sites on the Tasmanian coast and has been utilized in the development of a predictive capacity for the Tasmanian lobster fishery. However, the majority of catches in this fishery are sourced from deep (&gt;50 m), remote, and highly exposed areas where it is impractical and expensive to conduct fishery-independent routine settlement monitoring. To determine if pueruli settle in deeper waters, we adapted a crevice puerulus collector to fit within a lobster trap frame specifically designed to be deployed and serviced by vessels typical of the Tasmanian lobster fleet. A 5-month trial yielded puerulus catches similar to those from inshore shallow sites including recording puerulus from waters more than 100 m depth. The collector design was reported by fishers to be safe and convenient to service in regions exposed to strong westerly winds and swell more than 7 m. This collector will allow a cost-effective fishery-dependent approach to puerulus settlement monitoring utilizing commercial fishers for field operations and researchers for administration, sorting, and analysis.
Effects of baited crab pots on cultivated mussel (Mytilus edulis) survival rates
Authors: Calderwood Julia , O'Connor Nessa E. , Roberts Dai 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The shore crab, Carcinus maenas, is recognized as a voracious predator of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, having the potential to greatly reduce stocks in the benthic cultivation industry. As a consequence, baited crab pots are often deployed on and around cultivated benthic mussel beds to trap and remove crabs, in an attempt to reduce predatory pressure. Little is known about how C. maenas behaves around crab pots, but for many other crustacean fisheries, the trapping efficiency of pots is often low. Crabs may be attracted towards but not enter pots, instead feeding on cultivated mussels outside pots on the surrounding substratum. We tested whether the rate of loss of mussels attached to plates differed in areas next to baited pots compared with unbaited pots and to areas without any pots, at two sea loughs (60 km apart) in Northern Ireland. In Strangford Lough, more mussels were lost from plates next to baited pots than the other treatments. In Carlingford Lough, however, we found no difference in the number of mussels lost from plates in any treatment. This difference could be attributed to the different assemblages of mobile benthic predators at the two loughs. The presence of the starfish Asterias rubens, which was absent from experimental sites in Carlingford Lough, was thought to be responsible for increased predation rates near baited pots in Strangford. It is, therefore, important to consider local predator communities when deploying crab pots as a predator mitigation technique to ensure predation rates are in fact reduced and not enhanced. This study is of relevance not only to attempts to limit predation on commercial stocks of benthic cultivated mussels but also in situations where baited traps are deployed close to species vulnerable to mobile benthic predators.
Physiological constrains on Sverdrup's Critical-Depth-Hypothesis: the influences of dark respiration and sinking
Authors: Lindemann Christian , Backhaus Jan O. , St John Michael A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Discussions on the controls initiating the onset of the phytoplankton spring bloom in particular in the North Atlantic have since Sverdrup been dominated by the role of physical and biological drivers. Undoubtedly, these drivers play an important role in phytoplankton dynamics and thus the onset of the spring bloom. However, they neglect the cells ability to modify vital rates in response to changes in the external environment. In this study, we use a non-hydrostatic convection model coupled to an Individual-Based-Model to simulate changes phytoplankton cells during the transition from winter conditions as driven by convective mixing, and the onset of thermal stratification resulting in the spring bloom. The comparison between a simulation using a standard fixed rate approach in line with the original Sverdrup hypothesis and a simulation parameterized to include variable respiration and sinking rates showed that the latter approach was able to capture the observed phytoplankton concentration during deep convective mixing, the timing and magnitude of the spring bloom as well as simulating realistic physiological rates. In contrast, the model employing fixed rate parameterizations could only replicate field observations when employing unrealistic parameter values. These results highlight the necessity to consider not only the physical and biological external controls determining phytoplankton dynamics but also the cells ability to modify critical physiological rates in response to external constraints. Understanding these adaptive qualities will be of increasing importance in the future as species assemblages and physical controls change with changing climate.
The timing, duration, and management of symptoms of children with an
incurable brain tumor: a retrospective study of the palliative phase
Authors: Jagt- van Kampen Charissa T. , van de Wetering Marianne D. , Schouten–van Meeteren Antoinette Y.N. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
A brain tumor is diagnosed in 25% of pediatric oncology patients and carries a 30% mortality rate. To increase proactive support of children with a progressive brain tumor, we obtained information on timing, duration, and management of symptoms in the palliative trajectory.

Methods
A retrospective review of medical charts of patients treated at a children's university hospital, who were dying from a brain tumor between May 2007 and September 2012.

Results
Thirty-four children were included. After 0–2480 days (median, 168 days) from initial diagnosis, incurable disease was evident, with death occurring after 1–603 days (median, 80 days). Palliative cancer-directed therapy was given to 23 (68%) patients. Early presenting symptoms were altered mobility, speech disorders, and loss of sight or hearing. The symptoms with the shortest duration were somnolence, dysphagia, and dyspnea. The most frequent symptoms were pain (91%), poor mobility (74%), and somnolence (71%). Pain necessitated a short period of intravenous treatment with morphine in 38% of patients, for a median 4 days, and sedation in 15%, for a median 2.5 days. Do-not-resuscitate agreements were discussed with all parents at 0–576 days before death (median, 50 days) and were agreed upon by 33 (97%) parents. Twenty-seven (79%) patients died at home, and one died in a hospice. Six (18%) patients were admitted for intravenous anticonvulsants, pain medication, and sedation until death.

Conclusions
This study reports specific information on the timing of occurrence and duration of symptoms. This information will provide support for pediatric oncologists in preparing parents and primary health care professionals and anticipating symptom management and timely end-of-life decision-making in the palliative care phase for children with a brain tumor.
Society for Neuro-Oncology 2014 annual meeting updates on central nervous system metastases
Authors: Lukas Rimas V. , Mehta Minesh P. , Lesniak Maciej S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction
The 19th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) took place in November of 2014. The focus of many abstracts, as well as the Education Day, was on recent advances in the study of central nervous system (CNS) metastases.

Tumor Biology
Key studies evaluating the factors in tumors and their microenvironment associated with the development and growth of brain metastases are reviewed.

Prognostication
Studies investigating the factors that independently influence survival in participants with brain metastases are presented.

Response Assessment
The Response Assessment for Neuro-Oncology criteria for brain metastases (RANO-BM) and the Neurological Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO) criteria, which were both presented, are recapped.

Radiotherapy
Studies are reviewed evaluating factors that influence survival outcomes in participants with brain metastases who were treated with radiotherapy. Studies investigating the potential risk of radiation necrosis with the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapies are presented.

Systemic Therapies
Brain metastases-focused subset analyses from the ASCEND-1 trial for ALK-translocated non–small cell lung cancer are presented. Preclinical and clinical work on solid tumor leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is also covered.

Sequelae of Central Nervous System Metastases and Their Treatments
An overview is provided of treatment- related toxicities as well as important concepts that may influence strategies to protect against these toxicities.

Conclusions
Key concepts regarding tumor biology, prognostication, response assessment, therapeutic management, and sequelae of treatment for CNS metastases are summarized. Advances in our understanding of the basic and clinical science of CNS metastases have the potential to improve outcomes for patients.
Preventives Versus Treatments *
Authors: Kremer Michael , Snyder Christopher M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPreventives are sold ex ante, before disease status is realized, while treatments are sold ex post. Even if the mean of the ex ante distribution of consumer values is the same as that ex post, the shape of the distributions may differ, generating a difference between the surplus each product can extract. If, for example, consumers differ only in ex ante disease risk, then a monopolist would have more difficulty extracting surplus with a preventive than with a treatment because treatment consumers, having contracted the disease, no longer differ in disease risk. We show that the ratio of preventive to treatment producer surplus can be arbitrarily small, in particular when the distribution of consumer values has a Zipf shape and the disease is rare. The firm’s bias toward treatments can be reversed, for example, if the source of private information is disease severity learned ex post. The difference between the producer surplus earned from the products can result in distorted R&D incentives; the deadweight loss from this distortion can be as large as the entire producer-surplus difference. Calibrations for HIV and heart attacks based on risk factors in the U.S. population suggest that the distribution of disease risk is sufficiently Zipf-similar to generate substantial differences between producer surplus from preventives and treatments. Empirically, we find that proxies for the Zipf-similarity of the disease-risk distribution are associated a significantly lower likelihood of vaccine development but not drug development.
Multicomponent model of deformation and detachment of a biofilm under fluid flow
Authors: Tierra Giordano , Pavissich Juan P. , Nerenberg Robert , Xu Zhiliang , Alber Mark S. 
Published: March 2015

A novel biofilm model is described which systemically couples bacteria, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and solvent phases in biofilm. This enables the study of contributions of rheology of individual phases to deformation of biofilm in response to fluid flow as well as interactions between different phases. The model, which is based on first and second laws of thermodynamics, is derived using an energetic variational approach and phase-field method. Phase-field coupling is used to model structural changes of a biofilm. A newly developed unconditionally energy-stable numerical splitting scheme is implemented for computing the numerical solution of the model efficiently. Model simulations predict biofilm cohesive failure for the flow velocity between

and

m s
−1
which is consistent with experiments. Simulations predict biofilm deformation resulting in the formation of streamers for EPS exhibiting a viscous-dominated mechanical response and the viscosity of EPS being less than

. Higher EPS viscosity provides biofilm with greater resistance to deformation and to removal by the flow. Moreover, simulations show that higher EPS elasticity yields the formation of streamers with complex geometries that are more prone to detachment. These model predictions are shown to be in qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
Adaptation, Clonal Interference, and Frequency-Dependent Interactions in a Long-Term Evolution Experiment withEscherichia coli
Authors: Maddamsetti Rohan , Lenski Richard E. , Barrick Jeffrey E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTwelve replicate populations ofEscherichia colihave been evolving in the laboratory for more than 25 years and 60,000 generations. We analyzed bacteria from whole-population samples frozen every 500 generations through 20,000 generations for one well-studied population, called Ara-1. By tracking 42 known mutations in these samples, we reconstructed the history of this population’s genotypic evolution over this period. The evolutionary dynamics of Ara-1 show strong evidence of selective sweeps as well as clonal interference between competing lineages bearing different beneficial mutations. In some cases, sets of several mutations approached fixation simultaneously, often conveying no information about their order of origination; we present several possible explanations for the existence of these mutational cohorts. Against a backdrop of rapid selective sweeps both earlier and later, we found that two clades coexisted for over 6000 generations before one drove the other extinct. In that time, at least nine mutations arose in the clade that prevailed. We found evidence that the clades evolved a frequency-dependent interaction, which prevented the competitive exclusion of either clade, but which eventually collapsed as beneficial mutations accumulated in the clade that prevailed. Clonal interference and frequency dependence can occur even in the simplest microbial populations. Furthermore, frequency dependence may generate dynamics that extend the period of coexistence that would otherwise be sustained by clonal interference alone.
Interventional Nerve Visualization via the Intrinsic Anisotropic Optical Properties of the Nerves
Authors: Chin Kenneth W.T.K. , Meijerink Andries , Chin Patrick T.K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present an optical concept to visualize nerves during surgical interventions. The concept relies on the anisotropic optical properties of the nerves which allows for specific switching of the optical reflection by the nervous-tissue. Using a low magnification polarized imaging system we are able to visualize the on and off switching of the optical reflection of the nervous-tissue, enabling a non-invasive nerve specific real-time nerve visualization during surgery.
Dilp8 requires the neuronal relaxin receptor Lgr3 to couple growth to developmental timing
Authors: Garelli Andres , Heredia Fabiana , Casimiro Andreia P. , Macedo Andre , Nunes Catarina , Garcez Marcia , Mantas Dias Angela R. , Volonte Yanel A. , Koyama Takashi , Gontijo Alisson M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHow different organs in the body sense growth perturbations in distant tissues to coordinate their size during development is poorly understood. Here, we mutated an invertebrate orphan relaxin receptor, theDrosophila Lgr3, and found body asymmetries similar to those found in insulin/relaxin-like peptide 8 (dilp8) mutants, which fail to coordinate growth with developmental timing. Indeed, mutation or RNAi againstLgr3suppresses the delay in pupariation induced by imaginal disc growth perturbation or ectopic Dilp8 expression. By fluorescently-tagging the endogenous Lgr3 protein and performing CNS-specific RNAi, we find that Lgr3 is expressed and required in a novel subset of CNS neurons to transmit the peripheral tissue stress signal, Dilp8, to the neuroendocrine centers controlling developmental timing. Our work sheds new light on the function and evolution of relaxin receptors and reveals a novel neuroendocrine circuit responsive to growth aberrations.
Parental Age Affects Somatic Mutation Rates in the Progeny of Flowering Plants
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Bashir Tufail , Sailer Christian , Gurumoorthy Viswanathan , Ramakrishnan Anantha Maharasi , Dhanapal Shanmuhapreya , Grossniklaus Ueli , Baskar Ramamurthy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In humans, it is well known that the parental reproductive age has a strong influence on mutations transmitted to their progeny. Meiotic nondisjunction is known to increase in older mothers, and base substitutions tend to go up with paternal reproductive age. Hence, it is clear that the germinal mutation rates are a function of both maternal and paternal ages in humans. In contrast, it is unknown whether the parental reproductive age has an effect on somatic mutation rates in the progeny, because these are rare and difficult to detect. To address this question, we took advantage of the plant model system Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where mutation detector lines allow for an easy quantitation of somatic mutations, to test the effect of parental age on somatic mutation rates in the progeny. Although we found no significant effect of parental age on base substitutions, we found that frameshift mutations and transposition events increased in the progeny of older parents, an effect that is stronger through the maternal line. In contrast, intrachromosomal recombination events in the progeny decrease with the age of the parents in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner. Our results clearly show that parental reproductive age affects somatic mutation rates in the progeny and, thus, that some form of age-dependent information, which affects the frequency of double-strand breaks and possibly other processes involved in maintaining genome integrity, is transmitted through the gametes.
Integrating BIM and augmented reality for interactive architectural visualisation
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Xiangyu , Shou Wenchi , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to investigate a new approach with its supporting building information modelling (BIM) + augmented reality (AR) tool to enhance architectural visualisation in building life cycle. Traditional approaches to visualise architectural design concentrate on static pictures or three-dimensional (3D) scale models which cause problems, such as expensive design evolution, lack of stakeholders’ communication and limited reusability. The 3D animated fly-throughs still occur on a computer screen in two-dimensions and seem cold and mechanical, unless done with advanced production software.

Design/methodology/approach
– The method of this research included case study and interview. It was, first, stated, from the building process perspective, how the BIM + AR for Architectural Visualisation System (BAAVS) was realised by integrating two types of visualisation techniques: BIM and AR, and four stages of building life cycle. Then the paper demonstrated four case studies to validate the BAAVS. Finally, four interviews were made with each case manager and team members to collect feedback on utilising BAAVS technology. Questions were asked in the areas of benefits, drawbacks and technical limitations with respect to BAAVS.

Findings
– Feedback from the stakeholders involved in the four cases indicated that BAAVS was useful and efficient to visualise architectural design and communicate with each other.

Originality/value
– This paper demonstrates BAAVS that integrated BIM and AR into architectural visualisation. The system supports an innovative performance that allows: designers to put virtual building scheme in physical environment; owners to gain an immersive and interactive experience; and property sellers to communicate with customers efficiently.
Expanding the coaching conversation: group and team coaching
Authors: Britton Jennifer Jane 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the expansion of the coaching context in organizations through team and group coaching. The paper provides definitions and several examples of what these engagements look like, along with key considerations when expanding the coaching conversation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on research undertaken during the writing of two books on group and team coaching, including more than two dozen interviews with team and group coaches.

Findings
– Group and Team Coaching are two modalities for expanding the coaching conversation in organizations. They provide opportunities to scale coaching, build organizational capacity and reduce the silos.

Practical implications
– The paper provides examples of what team and group coaching can look like in action, informing coaches, leaders and other practitioners as they approach expanding the coaching conversation.

Originality/value
– Group and team coaching are emerging sub-disciplines of the coaching profession. This paper will stimulate dialogue regarding how these modalities can be leveraged within organizations, and differences with related fields.
Devil’s excrement or manna from heaven?
Authors: Mendoza Ronald U. , MacArthur Harold J. , Ong Lopez Anne Beline 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to provide an updated review of policy literature and evidence on the development implications of extractive industries.Design/methodology/approach– It synthesizes the main lessons drawn from an extensive review of policy and academic literature on this topic. It outlines the risks attached to the natural resource curse as well as the associated solutions, as demonstrated by empirical evidence and policy experience.Findings– Based on the authors’ review of case studies and multi-country empirical analyses, there is a mixed picture on the link between extractive industries and inclusive growth. The authors find that, on the one hand, significant risks are commonly associated with the natural resource curse faced by countries that wish to tap this wealth for development. On the other hand, the mixed results also suggest that the many challenges related to expanding extractive industries are not necessarily unavoidable.Practical implications– For policymakers, the main message is that some countries that have taken important steps to improve the governance of their wealth as well as channel these toward productive investments – notably human capital – appear to have transformed the natural resource curse into a boon for development.Originality/value– The main contribution of this paper is that it provides the most comprehensive review to date on this body of the policy and academic literature. It will serve as a guide for policymakers, civil society and other stakeholders working on issues linked to extractive industries.