bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Exchange Rate Volatility and Imports of Intermediate Inputs: A Microeconometric Analysis of Manufacturing Plants
Authors: López Ricardo A. , Nguyen Huong D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper uses plant‐level data from the manufacturing sector of Chile for the period 1995–2007 to examine the effect of real exchange rate (RER) volatility on imports of intermediate inputs at the micro level. Using input–output tables, we construct sector‐level RERs relevant for input import decisions and find that increases in the RER and its volatility reduce the fraction of imported intermediate inputs used by plants, while plants' probability of importing is not affected. Thus, fluctuations in the RER affect the intensive margin of imports (the amount of inputs imported) but not the extensive margin (the decision to import).
Tax Evasion, Corruption and Market Entry
Authors: Seidel André , Thum Marcel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe analyze the impact of tax policy on the market entry of firms in the presence of corruption and tax evasion. In a world with corruption, firms must bribe corrupt officials to enter the market. For a given level of bribes, higher tax rates and stricter enforcement of taxation decrease tax evasion but typically reduce market entry. However, when the level of bribes reacts to tax policy, higher taxes and stricter enforcement of taxation can have a double benefit. Up to a certain threshold, for which we develop a simple rule, stricter enforcement increases market entry and reduces tax evasion.
False Economy: Financialization, Crises and Socio‐Economic Polarisation
Authors: Bone John 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOver the last few decades, a range of profound and widely recognised changes have affected the global economy and global labour markets, driven by a growing imbalance of power between financier dominated capital and labour, a scenario facilitated by the extended availability of labour due to the process of globalisation of itself and, to some degree, by labour supplanting technologies (Standing, 2011, Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2011). However, arguably, what is less clearly understood is that the financial sector's role in this overall process and, indeed, increasing power rests to no small extent on its capacity to ‘conjure’ wealth from credit creation and, often, opaque practices that are highly abstracted and/or only tenuously connected to real economic activity (Korten, 2009). This shift, and the latter in particular, it is argued, in addition to producing a sequence of financial crises culminating (thus far) with the crash and recession of 2007/8, has fundamental implications for the future shape of the global economy, labour markets and, as a consequence, the life chances and opportunities that potentially confront succeeding generations, assuming that trends continue on their present course. This piece considers these issues with particular emphasis on their implications for the UK and its citizens.
The Silent Majority: Understanding and Increasing Majority Group Responses to Discrimination
Authors: Crosby Jennifer Randall 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough strong norms exist against discrimination, majority group members are surprisingly unlikely to respond assertively to discrimination when they witness it. A number of factors contribute to majority group members' nonresponse, including lack of intergroup contact, motivation not to see discrimination, unsupportive social norms, and the sense that only members of affected groups are entitled to respond to discrimination. This paper reviews the published evidence supporting this pattern and presents a model of targeted social referencing, whereby majority group members look to, and are uniquely influenced by, the opinions of minority group members in the domain of discrimination. This article reviews the causes and implications of targeted social referencing and proposes interventions aimed at increasing majority group responses to discrimination.
Effectively Analyzing Change over Time in Laboratory Research on Stress and Health: A Multilevel Modeling Approach
Authors: Lehman Barbara J , Kirsch Julie A. , Jones Dusti R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStress and health researchers often utilize standardized laboratory stress tasks to evaluate the physical and psychological consequences of challenging experiences. These laboratory sessions usually include multiple measurements of physical and psychological responses collected over time. Multilevel modeling allows researchers to make use of all available data points to model the trajectory of change over time, and within distinct task periods such as baseline, stressor, and recovery. To effectively predict future health outcomes it is important to examine both stress‐related reactivity and recovery. In this paper, we review the analytic approaches used in recent laboratory stress research and note that many recent articles have aggregated multiple responses, used difference scores, or conducted repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Relatively few studies used a multilevel modeling approach. We highlight the advantages of a multilevel modeling approach and provide an example for using this approach as an alternative to repeated measures ANOVA and difference scores.
Liver fluke‐infested graft used for living‐donor liver transplantation: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Capobianco I. , Frank M. , Königsrainer A. , Sipos B. , Menzel M. , Sturm E. , Nadalin S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractClonorchiasis is a cholangiopathy caused by foodborne trematode parasites, also known as liver flukes. Clonorchiasis is endemic in a wide geographical area extending from Eastern Europe to Southeast Asia. Infested hosts may remain asymptomatic for decades and consequently their liver can become available as a graft. To date, 20 liver transplantations with liver fluke‐infested grafts have been reported in the literature. All of them occurred in Asian countries. We, here, report the first case to our knowledge in the Western world of living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with an Opisthorchis felineus‐infested graft, and present a review of the literature. A 6‐month‐old girl with decompensated secondary biliary cirrhosis underwent an LDLT with a left lateral graft infested with O. felineus. After prompt diagnosis and adequate therapy, both donor and recipient had an uneventful postoperative course and long‐term follow‐up. Liver grafts infested with liver flukes do not pose a contraindication to liver donation from deceased or living donors, provided that a correct diagnosis and treatment are performed in a timely fashion.
JC polyomavirus viremia and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human leukocyte antigen‐sensitized kidney transplant recipients desensitized with intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab
Authors: Toyoda M. , Thomas D. , Ahn G. , Kahwaji J. , Mirocha J. , Chu M. , Vo A. , Suviolahti E. , Ge S. , Jordan S.C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundDesensitization (DES) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) + rituximab is effective, safe, and increases the transplantation rate in human leukocyte antigen‐sensitized patients. However, reports of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) in autoimmune patients treated with rituximab is concerning. Here, we report on the JCPyV viremia and PML status in kidney transplant patients with/without DES (non‐DES).MethodsIn total 1195 and 699 DNA samples from plasma in 117 DES (78% lymphocyte‐depleting [LyD] induction) and 100 non‐DES patients (45% LyD), respectively, were submitted for JCPyV‐polymerase chain reaction. Results were compared in both groups.ResultsNo patients in either DES or non‐DES developed PML or presented with any neurological symptoms. The JCPyV viremia rate was similar in DES and non‐DES patients (3/117 vs. 9/100, P = 0.07). The JCPyV levels were low (median peak levels, 1025 copies/mL) and JCPyV viremia was observed only once during the study period in most patients. All 3 DES patients with JCPyV(+) received 1 dose rituximab and no DES patients with >1 dose rituximab showed JCPyV(+). All 3 JCPyV(+) DES patients received LyD induction, while only 2 of 9 JCPyV(+) non‐DES patients did so, and the remaining 7 received non‐LyD or no induction. JCPyV in leukocyte was mostly negative in DES and non‐DES patients. Immunosuppression in patients with or without JCPyV(+) was similar. BK polyomavirus viremia was observed more commonly in patients with JCPyV(+) than in those without (P < 0.02).ConclusionsPatients with IVIG + rituximab DES followed by transplantation with LyD induction and additional rituximab rarely show JCPyV viremia and appear at low risk for PML.
Extended storage and glucose exhaustion are associated with apoptotic changes in platelets stored in additive solution
Authors: Johnson Lacey , Schubert Peter , Tan Shereen , Devine Dana V. , Marks Denese C. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDThe storage of platelets (PLTs) in additive solution (AS) may facilitate improved PLT quality and possibly extension of the PLT shelf life. A minimum amount of plasma is required when PLTs are stored in AS, as a source of glucose. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of reducing the plasma carryover to 20% on PLT quality when stored in SSP+ for an extended period.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing a pool‐and‐split design, buffy coat–derived PLTs were stored in either 30% plasma/SSP+ or 20% plasma/SSP+. In vitro analyses were carried out to Day 10. Metabolites and markers of PLT activation and apoptosis were measured using a blood gas analyzer and flow cytometry. PLT apoptotic protein expression was investigated by Western blotting.RESULTSGlucose exhaustion occurred in the 20% plasma group between Day 7 and Day 10. The surface expression of P‐selectin and PAC‐1 was comparable on Day 10 in both groups, suggesting that the PLTs were not activated. However, the exposure of phosphatidylserine and the number of phosphatidylserine‐positive microparticles were significantly higher in the 20% group on Day 10. The expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bak, Bax, and cleaved caspase‐3 were higher in the 20% plasma group by Day 7 of storage, compared to the 30% plasma group.CONCLUSIONExhaustion of glucose was associated with a proapoptotic phenotype. Results such as these should be considered before extending the PLT shelf life beyond 7 days, particularly when stored in ASs lacking glucose with low plasma carryover.
Identification of six new RHCE variant alleles in individuals of diverse racial origin
Authors: Goldman Mindy , Cemborain Arantxa , Cote Jacqueline , El Hamss Rachid , Flower Robert L. , Garaizar Adirane , Garcia‐Sanchez Felix , Hyland Catherine A. , Kalvelage Monica , Londero Donatella , Lopez Genghis H. , Revelli Nicoletta , Rodriguez‐Wilhelmi Pablo , Villa Antonietta , Ochoa‐Garay Gorka 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDThe introduction of molecular methods into routine blood typing is prompting the identification of new blood group alleles. Discrepancies between the results of genotyping and serology or chance events uncovered during genotyping prompted additional investigations, which revealed six new RHCE variant alleles.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSamples from eight blood donors, two patients (one prenatal), and a patient's relative, all of diverse racial origin, were analyzed by standard serology methods, targeted genotyping arrays, DNA sequencing, and allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction.RESULTSSix new RHCE alleles were identified, namely, RHCE*cE84A, RHCE*ce202G, RHCE*ce307T, RHCE*Ce377G, RHCE*ce697G,712G,733G,744C, and RHCE*Ce733G.CONCLUSIONWhile implementation of new assays in commercial genotyping platforms to detect the polymorphisms reported here may not be justified given their apparent rarity, software interpretative algorithms may benefit from the identification of new alleles for a more accurate determination of genotypes and prediction of phenotypes.
Reticulocyte hemoglobin content does not differentiate true from functional iron deficiency in dogs
Authors: Radakovich Lauren B. , Santangelo Kelly S. , Olver Christine S. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundTrue and functional iron deficiency can result in anemia. Current tests to assess iron status often do not allow differentiation between these entities, which can affect optimal treatment. Previous work suggested low reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) may be an early indicator of iron deficiency.ObjectiveThis study aimed to correlate several inflammation markers withCHr values in dogs. We hypothesize that dogs with lowCHr values have hematologic and biochemical evidence of inflammation.MethodsAnimals withCHr values below the reference interval were included in the lowCHr group, while dogs with normal or increasedCHr were included in the control group.HCT,MCV,CHr, reticulocyte mean cell volume (MCVr), concentrations of serum iron, C‐reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and ceruloplasmin, and total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC), percent transferrin saturation (% sat), and totalWBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts were determined. Nonparametric tests were performed; median values and percentage of abnormalities between each group were compared.ResultsRelative to control dogs, animals in the lowCHr group had higher median values forCRP, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, andWBCconcentration (P≤ .05), and lower median values forHCTandMCV(P≤ .0001). Higher frequencies of abnormalities forCRP, ferritin,WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte concentrations (P≤ .02) were present in the lowCHr group.ConclusionsDogs with lowCHr values often have evidence of inflammation, but lowCHr did not reliably predict Fe deficiency. Additional diagnostic tests are needed to differentiate true and functional iron deficiency.
Abstract A08: Activation of Wnt/β-catenin in acinar cells accelerates Kras-induced PDAC, while activation of Wnt signaling pathways in stroma induces mucinous cystic neoplasm
Authors: Sano Makoto , Driscoll David R. , DeJesus-Monge Wilfredo E. , Klimstra David S. , Lewis Brian C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) commonly develops following activating mutations in the KRAS oncogene. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is also commonly observed in PDAC, yet whether Wnt ligand induced signaling promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis in vivo remains unclear. To ascertain the impact of postnatal activation of the Wnt signaling pathways in PDAC development, we combined the elastase-tva-based RCAS-TVA pancreatic cancer model with the established LSL-KrasG12D, Ptf1a-cre model. Delivery of RCAS viruses encoding β-cateninS37A and Wnt1 stimulated the progression of premalignant PanIN and PDAC development. Mice injected with RCAS-β-cateninS37A and Wnt1 had reduced survival relative to RCAS-GFP controls (log-rank test; p &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of β-catenin in Wnt1-induced PDAC, and enhanced staining for the Wnt target gene Axin2 in the tumor epithelium, but not the reactive stroma. Interestingly, we also found that female mice injected with RCAS-Wnt1, but neither RCAS-β-cateninS37A nor RCAS-GFP, developed mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN). These lesions displayed stereotypical ovarian-like stroma that was positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), but they lacked the typical mucinous epithelium observed in human MCN. Analysis of tissue specimens confirmed of activation of both the Wnt/β-catenin and PCP signaling pathways in the stroma, but not the epithelium of MCN lesions. Analysis of human MCN cases identified activation of these Wnt signaling pathways in the ovarian-like stroma, but not the cyst epithelium. Together, these data suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in acinar cells stimulates Kras-induced PDAC development, while activation of Wnt signaling pathways in the stroma stimulates the development of the ovarian-like stroma and contributes to MCN formation in vivo.
Citation Format: Makoto Sano, David R. Driscoll, Wilfredo E. DeJesus-Monge, David S. Klimstra, Brian C. Lewis. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin in acinar cells accelerates Kras-induced PDAC, while activation of Wnt signaling pathways in stroma induces mucinous cystic neoplasm. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A08.
Abstract A100: Role of HER3 ligand-independent activation in EGFR resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Buchsbaum Donald J. , Zhou Tong 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HER3 ligand-independent activation in EGFR resistance in pancreatic cancer. The expression and activation status of EGFR and HER3 were determined in a panel of 13 human pancreatic cancer cell lines by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. To determine whether HER3 plays a central role in EGFR resistance, the effect of combination treatment with erlotinib and anti-HER3 on signaling pathways was examined in 2 pancreatic cancer cell lines. This was done using a novel anti-HER3 antibody (1A5) capable of inhibiting HER3 activation in a ligand-independent fashion, and a classic anti-HER3 antibody (3D4) primarily blocking ligand-induced HER3 activation. The MEK inhibitor trametinib was used to investigate EGFR and HER3 activation. Combination treatment studies in athymic nude mice bearing BxPC-3 xenografts involved anti-HER3, lapatinib, trametinib, and gemcitabine treatment. The majority of pancreatic cancer cell lines expressed high levels of total EGFR and HER3, and had variable levels of phospho-EGFR (Tyr1068) and phospho-HER3. Erlotinib treatment did not reduce the levels of phospho-EGFR. Although ligand-independent and ligand-dependent anti-HER3 antibodies did not alter the levels of phospho-EGFR, they did reduce the levels of phospho-AKT. Combination treatment with anti-HER3 antibodies and erlotinib or trametinib reduced the levels of phospho-EGFR and phospho-AKT. When MEK/ERK was inhibited by trametinib, both EGFR and HER3 were activated. Treatment of BxPC-3 xenografts with lapatinib, trametinib, anti-HER3, and gemcitabine produced the greatest inhibition of tumor growth as compared to any single agent or combinations of two or three agents. These results show that EGFR is expressed and highly activated in pancreatic cancer cell lines, but the cell lines are resistant to an EGFR inhibitor. They also suggest that ligand-independent activation of HER3 may lead to erlotinib resistance via the AKT pathway. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which HER3 is activated in a ligand-independent fashion via inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway. This is an important observation as it indicates that HER3 ligand-independent activation must be inhibited when the MEK/ERK pathway is targeted. Overall, these results indicate that HER3 ligand-independent activation is a key target for overcoming EGFR resistance in pancreatic cancer cells, and suggest a combination strategy of anti-HER3 antibodies with either erlotinib or trametinib for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: Donald J. Buchsbaum, Tong Zhou. Role of HER3 ligand-independent activation in EGFR resistance in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A100.
Abstract A106: BRCA mutation sensitizes pancreatic tumors to treatment with cisplatin
Authors: Lohse Ines , Cao Pinjian , Ibrahimov Emin , Tsao Ming-Sound , Hedley David W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Rationale: Recent clinical observations in pancreatic cancer suggest that cancers arising in germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are highly sensitive to Cisplatin chemotherapy.
Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are required for DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination (HR). Platinum chemotherapy generates interstrand cross-links that can only be adequately repaired by HR-based DNA repair, and consequently BRCA1/2-deficient cells are highly sensitive to platinum chemotherapy both in vitro and in vivo.
With a strong biological rationale and favourable clinical observations, we aim to investigate whether BRCA mutation indeed sensitize to Cisplatin treatment and if the addition of the PARP inhibitor ABT-888 further reduces tumor growth in patient-derived pancreatic xenografts
Methods: Primary xenografts were derived from three patients with known BRCA2 germline mutations (2 from surgical resections, 1 from ascites fluid). All 3 patients experienced a major response when treated with cisplatin. These models were used to assess the in vivo sensitivity to the drugs Cisplatin, Gemcitabine and the PARP inhibitor ABT-888, all of which are being used in the clinic. Treatment sensitivities were compared to 2 primary xenografts that were BRCA w/t. For single treatments, animals were treated with 4mg/kg Cisplatin weekly, 100mg/kg Gemcitabine biweekly or 12.5mg/kg ABT-888 daily for 30 days. For the combination treatment, animals were treated with a single dose of 4mg/kg Cisplatin followed by 30 days of 12.5mg/kg ABT-888 daily.
Results: Preliminary results show no difference in tumor growth between BRCA2 wt and mt models was observed in response to treatment with ABT-888 alone. Treatment with cisplatin or gemcitabine on the other hand significantly reduced tumor growth and increased survival in all 3 BRCA2 mutated xenograft models, while being mostly ineffective in BRCA w/t tumors. The combination of Cisplatin and ABT-888 significantly reduced tumor growth when compared to ABT-888 alone.
Conclusions: The results suggest that BRCA1/2 mt pancreatic xenograft models are highly sensitive to cisplatin. The availability of these models facilitates “near-clinical” testing of alternative strategies for optimizing the individualized treatment of patients carrying these rare mutations, and for the exploration of protocols incorporating novel agents.
Citation Format: Ines Lohse, Pinjian Cao, Emin Ibrahimov, Ming-Sound Tsao, David W. Hedley. BRCA mutation sensitizes pancreatic tumors to treatment with cisplatin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A106.