bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Tethered Epidermal Growth Factor Protects Proliferating and Differentiating Multipotential Stromal Cells from FasL-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Rodrigues Melanie , Blair Harry , Stockdale Linda , Griffith Linda , Wells Alan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMultipotential stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as aids in regenerating bone and adipose tissues, as these cells form osteoblasts and adipocytes. A major obstacle to this use of MSC is the initial loss of cells postimplantation. This cell death in part is due to ubiquitous nonspecific inflammatory cytokines such as FasL generated in the implant site. Our group previously found that soluble epidermal growth factor (sEGF) promotes MSC expansion. Furthermore, tethering EGF (tEGF) onto a two-dimensional surface altered MSC responses, by restricting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to the cell surface, causing sustained activation of EGFR, and promoting survival from FasL-induced death. sEGF by causing internalization of EGFR does not support MSC survival. However, for tEGF to be useful in bone regeneration, it needs to allow for MSC differentiation into osteoblasts while also protecting emerging osteoblasts from apoptosis. tEGF did not block induced differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, or adipocytes, a common default MSC-differentiation pathway. MSC-derived preosteoblasts showed increased Fas levels and became more susceptible to FasL-induced death, which tEGF prevented. Differentiating adipocytes underwent a reduction in Fas expression and became resistant to FasL-induced death, with tEGF having no further survival effect. tEGF protected undifferentiated MSC from combined insults of FasL, serum deprivation, and physiologic hypoxia. Additionally, tEGF was dominant in the face of sEGF to protect MSC from FasL-induced death. Our results suggest that MSCs and differentiating osteoblasts need protective signals to survive in the inflammatory wound milieu and that tEGF can serve this function.
More Than Teachable Moments: Enhancing Oral Vocabulary Instruction in Your Classroom
Authors: Neuman Susan B. , Roskos Kathleen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article describes both the benefits and the challenges of using “teachable moments” as a primary strategy for oral vocabulary instruction. It argues that children will need more intentional oral vocabulary instruction, right from the very beginning, if they are to develop the academic and content‐rich vocabulary necessary to be successful in the upper grades.
Retrospective Analysis of Nodal Spread Patterns According to Tumor Location in Pathological N2 Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shimada Yoshihisa , Saji Hisashi , Kakihana Masatoshi , Honda Hidetoshi , Usuda Jitsuo , Kajiwara Naohiro , Ohira Tatsuo , Ikeda Norihiko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to determine the nodal spread patterns of pN2 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to tumor location, and to attempt to evaluate the possible indications of selective lymph node dissection (SLND).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed nodal spread patterns in 207 patients with NSCLC of less than 5 cm with N2 involvement.ResultsThe tumor location was right upper lobe (RUL) in 79, middle lobe in 12, right lower lobe (RLL) in 40, left upper division (LUD) in 41, lingular division in 11, and left lower lobe (LLL) in 24. Both RUL and LUD tumors showed a higher incidence of upper mediastinal (UM) involvement (96 and 100 %, respectively) and a lower incidence of subcarinal involvement (15 and 10 %, respectively) than lower lobe tumors (UM; RLL 60 %, LLL 42 %; subcarinal: RLL 60 %, LLL 46 %, respectively). Among the patients with 24 right UM‐positive RLL and 10 left UM‐positive LLL tumors, 2 showed negative hilar, subcarinal, and lower mediastinal involvement, and cT1, suggesting that UM dissection may be unnecessary in lower lobe tumors with no metastasis to hilar, subcarinal, and lower mediastinal nodes on frozen sections according to the preoperative T status. Among the patients with 12 subcarinal‐positive RUL and 4 subcarinal‐positive LUD tumors, one showed negative hilar or UM involvement, suggesting that subcarinal dissection may be unnecessary in RUL or LUD tumors with no metastasis to hilar and UM nodes on frozen sections.ConclusionsThe present study appears to provide one of the supportive results regarding the treatment strategies for tumor location‐specific SLND.
Changes in Body Composition, Hematologic Parameters, and Serum Biochemistry After Rapid Intravenous Infusion or Oral Intake of 2 Liters of 0.9 % Saline Solution in Young Healthy Volunteers: Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: de Aguilar‐Nascimento José E. , Valente Ana C. , Oliveira Sergio S. , Hartmann Arthur , Slhessarenko Natasha 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe perioperative infusion of 2 L of saline is associated with weight gain and decreased serum albumin and hematocrit. We hypothesized that these parameters would respond differently to oral administration and intravenous infusion of saline solution.MethodsThis was a crossover study that included 10 healthy young men (ages 18–26 years). At two times, 8 weeks apart, the participants were randomized to receive 2 L of 0.9 % saline over 1 h by intravenous (IV) administration to a forearm vein or by oral intake. The participants were weighed and body masses were calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed with a single‐frequency device using tetrapolar distal limb electrodes. Blood samples were collected 1 h after the administration period for laboratory assays: hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood glucose, serum electrolytes, albumin, creatinine, osmolality.ResultsThere was an increase in body weight (p < 0.01), total body water (p < 0.01), and lean body mass (p < 0.01) after the experiment in both groups, with no difference between them. The volume of urine output was similar in the two experiments. The hemoglobin (oral group from 14.4 ± 0.8 g/dl to 13.8 ± 0.8 g/dl; IV group from 14.4 ± 0.6 g/dl to 12.6 ± 0.6 g/dl) and hematocrit (oral group from 43.2 ± 1.8 % to 43.2 ± 2.8 %; IV group from 43.6 ± 2.2 % to 40.0 ± 2.6 %) significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with IV saline. Serum albumin remained stable after oral intake but significantly decreased (p = 0.04) after IV infusion.ConclusionsOral intake of 2 L of 0.9 % saline results in minimal variations in serum albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit when compared to IV infusion of the same volume.
Temporal variation in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures requiring surgical intervention
Authors: Loder Randall T. , Krodel Emily , D'Amico Kelly 
Published: September 2012

Background Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures commonly require surgical intervention and hospital admission, which is costly and consumes significant health care resources. There are few data regarding temporal characteristics (month, day and hour of injury) of this particular pediatric fracture. We wished to investigate the month, day of the week, and time of occurrence of these fractures to guide appropriate use of health care resources and prevention strategies. Methods This study was a retrospective review of clinical records and radiographs of 353 children with operative supracondylar humerus fractures in a temperate climate region over 6 years. Date and time of injury and demographic data (gender, age, laterality) were extracted. Variation in month, weekday, and time of injury was analyzed using circular analysis, cosinor analysis, probability distributions and topographical distribution. Results There was a statistically significant increase in the number of fractures during the summer with a peak in early July. When analyzing by month and day of the week, a peak was seen Thursday-Saturday during May–July and middle of the week September–October. Weekdays demonstrated a higher proportion of fractures occurring in the morning and at school. The injuries occurred in the am in 37 and the pm in 241; detailed data were known in 227 with 37 between 0000 and 1159, 51 between 1200 and 1559, and 139 between 1600 and 2359 h. The peak time of injury was 1800 h. Conclusions The increase in supracondylar humerus fractures in the spring through autumn in temperate regions indicates that education campaigns reinforcing fall prevention and landing surfaces should be done in the early spring. The hourly data support the need for dedicated early morning operating rooms to care for these fractures. Level of evidence Prevalence study, retrospective cohort, Level II.
Effect of intratympanic dexamethasone, memantine and piracetam on cellular apoptosis due to cisplatin ototoxicity
Authors: Topdag M , Iseri M , Gelenli E , Yardimoglu M , Yazir Y , Ulubil S A , Topdag D O , Ustundag E 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to contribute to the literature on the prevention and treatment of ototoxicity due to various drugs and chemicals.Material and methods:This study compared the histological effects of intratympanic dexamethasone, memantine and piracetam on cellular apoptosis due to cisplatin ototoxicity, in 36 rats.Results:Dexamethasone and memantine had significant effects on the stria vascularis, organ of Corti and spiral ganglion (p < 0.05). Although piracetam decreased the apoptosis rate, this effect was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Dexamethasone and memantine were found superior to piracetam in reducing apoptosis due to cisplatin ototoxicity. Further studies of this subject are needed, incorporating electron microscopy and auditory brainstem response testing.
Ion-acoustic waves in a degenerate multicomponent magnetoplasma
Authors: ABDELSALAM U. M. , SELIM M. M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe hydrodynamic equations of positive and negative ions, degenerate electrons, and the Poisson equation are used along with the reductive perturbation method to derive the three-dimensional Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation. The G′/G-expansion method is used to obtain a new class of solutions for the ZK equation. At certain condition, these solutions can describe the solitary waves that propagate in our plasma. The effects of negative ion concentrations, the positive/negative ion cyclotron frequency, as well as positive-to-negative ion mass ratio on solitary pulses are examined. Finally, the present study might be helpful to understand the propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in a dense plasma, such as in astrophysical objects.
Report on Recent Progress on the Survey of Sources for American Studies in the U.K.
Authors: Beales H. L. , Crick B. R. 
Published: September 2012

The London School of Economics has been very helpful by finding Dr. Crick a room large enough to accommodate a secretary, two extra desks, our filing cabinets and enough shelf space for the many card boxes, reference books and bibliographies we have been assembling (but this “free space” arrangement will not be possible next year).Organisational problems of getting under way now seem over and the intensive field-work on the reporting of manuscripts has begun, as well as the processing of replies to letters and circulars sent out from the office. The speed with which the project can be satisfactorily complete now depends less on the number of field-workers available (for the situation there has improved greatly since the last report) than upon the uncertain amount of material that we will uncover in hitherto unexamined sources.
An American Evangelist in Great Britain
Authors: McKay Johnston R. 
Published: September 2012

When Sidney Smith posed his long list of rhetorical questions about America in the Edinburgh Review, he did not specifically mention preachers though there were some clergymen in the list he put forth; but we can assume that he no more expected his readers to listen to an American sermon than to read an American book.But, while he was writing, forces were gathering in America that were to have considerable influence on Great Britain. That the United States was ‘a cultural province’ of Great Britain was true for long after the Revolution but the cultural influence was not limited to receiving. By the middle of the nineteenth century there was already a considerable impact by America on Great Britain. It was not perhaps at the level of the learned and distinguished; but there were many who had not read Mrs. Trollope's diatribes or listened to Charles Dickens's complaints, who were prepared to learn from America. True, much of their information was prejudiced, much of it gave them a sense of moral superiority over those wicked American slaveowners; yet they knew there were many in America who felt as they felt, were moved by the same zeal as moved them, and loved the same things as they loved.
Revaluations, II: H. A. L. Fisher, “Our New Religion”
Authors: Shepperson George 
Published: September 2012

That the author of an important Education Act and a best-selling History of Europe should have had the inclination and energy to write a spirited study of Christian Science comes as a surprise to many. In spite of the fact that H. A. L. Fisher's Our New Religion (first published, London, 1929) was circulated after 1933 in the cheap and widely-read series of rationalist works, “The Thinker's Library”, this lively little volume still remains relatively unknown on both sides of the Atlantic.Yet Fisher's book has had its champions. His biographer, Mr. David Ogg, calls it “the best-written of all Fisher's books and one of the finest pieces of English which this century has yet produced.” And Professor Gilbert Murray declared of it that “Seldom can destructive criticism have been delivered with greater urbanity.” If there is an evident element of exaggeration in such statements, they do serve to draw attention to a book which ought not to be neglected by anyone who is interested in American studies.
American Studies in Germany
Authors: Hawgood John A. 
Published: September 2012

DAS JAHRBUCH FÜR AMERIKASTUDIEN (Im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Amerikastudien) published its first volume (Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsverlag, pp. 212), edited by Dr. Walter Fischer, of Marburg University, in 1956, and it is a welcome addition to the small but growing numbers of specialist periodicals in this field published outside the United States.Several of the papers printed in this first volume of the Jahrbuch were first presented at the foundation meeting of the German Association for American Studies, which took place in June 1953, making that society an elder brother – or sister – of the British Association for American Studies by some two years, but a number of others, including the two longest, are specially contributed. The Gorman Association started its activities strongly, thanks largely to the encouragement given to American studies in Germany by the Cultural Officers of the United States Military Government and High Commission there in the years following 1945. After twelve years of enforced ‘subjectivity’ in the study of the United States the return to objective scholarship was at times a difficult task, and it cannot be denied that interest in American studies, especially during the difficult years 1945–48, tended to follow the dollar rather than any more esoteric goal. All sorts of people in Germany discovered a hitherto unsuspected interest in the history and culture of the United States when their pursuit also meant heated rooms, good meals, P.X. privileges and, eventually, an Amerika-Institut financed from across the Atlantic – or even, possibly, a sponsored visit to the United States.
Economic capital modelling for the MTPL man-made catastrophe risk
Authors: Hürlimann Werner 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe undertake a mathematical clarification of the QIS5 proposal for the calculation of the Motor Third Party Liability (MTPL) man-made catastrophe risk capital in terms of two more general models. The QIS5 model assumption implies that the total loss consists of a single catastrophe claim in case it occurs during the next one-year insurance time period. However, the total loss should instead be dynamically modelled by a sequence of claims of varying size that follow a compound Poisson Pareto model, which is our first alternative model. A second possibility also takes into account the effect of investments, whose financial return process follows a Black-Scholes-Merton model. If one excludes limits of coverage, then asymptotically as the total loss increases without limits the first model is equivalent to the model assumption obtained from the QIS5 assumption by replacing a single catastrophe claim by the total loss. In other words, the QIS5 simple model is justified as limiting asymptotic approximation to the classical compound Poisson Pareto model. Conversely, an asymptotic approximation to the VaR economic capital from this model identifies with a modified QIS5 CAT formula. The inclusion of limits of coverage is also analyzed. In this situation we obtain new simple closed-form implementations of the economic capital formulas.
Demonstration of Blue Crab Culture in Inland Low-Salinity Waters of West Alabama
Authors: Roy Luke A , Whitis Gregory N , Walton William C 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The decline in natural stocks of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in U.S. coastal waters has created more interest in the aquaculture of this species. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill threatened the health of blue crab populations in the Gulf of Mexico and spurred interest in alternative sources of blue crab harvest. Inland low-salinity waters (ILSW) of west Alabama have a proven potential for the culture of euryhaline crustaceans. This study sought to evaluate the potential for blue crab culture in ILSW for commercial aquaculture and as a potential nursery for restoration efforts. A 21-d bioassay was conducted using four different pond waters of differing ionic composition and salinity (2.0–5.7‰). No significant differences in survival, weight gain (%), and final weight were observed among different pond waters. An on-farm demonstration was conducted in a 1.5-acre low-salinity pond (5.0‰) at a shrimp farm in west Alabama. Crabs grew from 2.0 to 202.0 g in less than 120 d when offered a varied diet of commercial shrimp feed, catfish offal, and fresh whole catfish. Results from these trials suggest that there is excellent biological potential for culture of blue crabs in ILSW of west Alabama.
Evaluation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Temperature to Control Mortality Caused by Saprolegniasis and to Increase Hatching Success of Largemouth Bass Eggs
Authors: Matthews Michael D , Sakmar Joshua C , Trippel Nick 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We evaluated the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), temperature, or both, to control mortality presumptively caused by fungus Saprolegnia in Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus eggs in a flow-through hatchery system. Four treatments—ambient water (AW; control), ambient water and H2O2 (AWHP), heated water (HW), and both heated water and H2O2 (HWHP)—were tested on each of 30 replicate spawns. Four 8 cm × 5 cm sections of spawning mat, one for each treatment, were cut from each of the 30 selected spawns. Egg counts on each cut mat section were recorded. Water temperature in all AW and HW trial tanks ranged from 17.9°C to 19.2°C and from 22.1°C to 23.6°C, respectively, during treatment. The water temperature difference between treatments averaged 4.4°C. Hydrogen peroxide trial tanks received two, 100 mg/L H2O2 treatments 8 h apart, until hatch. The 7.5 L/min incoming water flow was not reduced during treatment. The addition of HW, H2O2, or both, significantly increased mean percent hatch (79, 79, and 91%, respectively) over that of the untreated controls (49%). Significant differences were found in mean percent hatch levels between AW and the other three treatment groups (P &lt; 0.05). The combination of higher incubation temperature and H2O2 administration also resulted in significantly greater hatch than did either higher incubation temperature or increased H2O2 administration alone; percent hatch did not differ significantly between eggs that either were only incubated at the higher temperature or received only H2O2 administration. Increasing incubation water temperature to 22–23°C instead of using only water at ambient temperature (18–19°C) or adding 100 mg/L H2O2 twice daily in a flow-through system significantly increased hatching percentage of Florida largemouth bass eggs.
A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Risk of Hybrid Striped Bass Fingerling Production in Ponds and Indoor Tanks
Authors: Engle Carole , Sapkota Pratikshya 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A risk analysis was conducted to compare the economic risk of producing hybrid striped bass (♀ white bass Morone chrysops × ♂ striped bass M. saxatilis) fingerlings in ponds and indoor tanks. Cost budgets developed previously for three pond sizes (0.4, 1.2, and 2.4 ha) and three tank sizes (945, 2,457, and 5,670 L) for each of six scales of production (50,000, 100,000, 250,000, 500,000, 1,000,000, and 2,000,000 fingerlings/year) were used as the initial starting point for the development of a spreadsheet-based risk analysis. Probability distributions and cumulative frequency distributions of break-even prices above total costs were calculated for each scenario. Pond production was less risky than tank production, and larger pond sizes had lower risk. Survival rates contributed the most to the economic risk of hybrid striped bass fingerling production. Research is needed to improve survival rates for hybrid striped bass fingerling production in ponds.
ANALYSIS OF SEEING-INDUCED POLARIZATION CROSS-TALK AND MODULATION SCHEME PERFORMANCE
Authors: Casini R. , de Wijn A. G. , Judge P. G. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
We analyze the generation of polarization cross-talk in Stokes polarimeters by atmospheric seeing, and its effects on the noise statistics of spectropolarimetric measurements for both single-beam and dual-beam instruments. We investigate the time evolution of seeing-induced correlations between different states of one modulation cycle and compare the response to these correlations of two popular polarization modulation schemes in a dual-beam system. Extension of the formalism to encompass an arbitrary number of modulation cycles enables us to compare our results with earlier work. Even though we discuss examples pertinent to solar physics, the general treatment of the subject and its fundamental results might be useful to a wider community.