bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support Needs of Fathers of Children with ASD: Individual, Family, Community and Ideological Influences
Authors: Shave Kassi , Lashewicz Bonnie 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionFathers are increasingly involved in caring for children, and involvement by fathers of children with ASD is distinctly impacted by added demands of their child's diagnosis. Yet supports for families of children with ASD are not tailored to needs of fathers. We use an ecological framework to examine how fathers’ needs are influenced by contexts ranging from the immediacy of their child's behaviour to overarching expectations for good fathering.MethodsWe thematically analyse data from semi‐structured interviews with 28 fathers of children with ASD who shared parenting stories of navigating their immediate and broader environments.FindingsFathers are responsive and reflective in their parenting and value recreationally based support activities that include their children. Fathers endorse father‐to‐father support and are interested in mentoring fathers newer to the experience of having a child with ASD.ConclusionsFathers are resourceful parents who compel a critical re‐examination towards advances in father‐friendly practices.
Genetic analysis of sow longevity and sow lifetime reproductive traits using censored data
Authors: Engblom L. , Calderón Díaz J.A. , Nikkilä M. , Gray K. , Harms P. , Fix J. , Tsuruta S. , Mabry J. , Stalder K. 
Published: July 2015

SummarySow longevity is a key component for efficient and profitable pig farming; however, approximately 50% of sows are removed annually from a breeding herd. There is no consensus in the scientific literature regarding a definition for sow longevity; however, it has been suggested that it can be measured using several methods such as stayability and economic indicators such as lifetime piglets produced. Sow longevity can be improved by genetic selection; however, it is rarely included in genetic evaluations. One reason is elongated time intervals required to collect complete lifetime data. The effect of genetic parameter estimation software in handling incomplete data (censoring) and possible early indicator traits were evaluated analysing a 30% censored data set (12 725 pedigreed Landrace × Large White sows that included approximately 30% censored data) withDMU6,THRGIBBS1F90 andGIBBS2CEN. Heritability estimates were low for all the traits evaluated. The results show that the binary stayability traits benefited from being analysed with a threshold model compared to analysing with a linear model. Sires were ranked very similarly regardless if the program handled censoring when all available data were included. Accumulated born alive and stayability were good indicators for lifetime born alive traits. Number of piglets born alive within each parity could be used as an early indicator trait for sow longevity.
Modification of the Unipolar Atrial Electrogram as a Local Endpoint During Common Atrial Flutter Ablation
Authors: PAMBRUN THOMAS , ROIG JÉRÉMIE , BOUZEMAN ABDESLAM , MAUPAS ERIC , CIOBOTARU VLAD , BOULENC JEAN‐MARC , APPETITI ANTHONY , PUJADAS‐BERTHAULT PÉNÉLOPE , RIOUX PHILIPPE , BORTONE AGUSTÍN 
Published: July 2015

Unipolar Signal and Atrial Flutter AblationIntroductionComplete elimination of the negative component of the unipolar atrial electrogram recently proved predictive of lesions transmurality. We prospectively assessed its relevance as a real‐time local ablative endpoint for each individual lesion created across the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) in order to constitute a line of bidirectionnal block during common atrial flutter (AFL) ablation.Methods and ResultsSixty‐two consecutive patients underwent common AFL ablation following an electrophysiological approach guided by real‐time electrogram modification analysis. In 31 patients (unipolar group), the local ablative endpoint was complete elimination of the negative component of the unipolar atrial electrogram, while the other 31 patients (control group) were treated following our standard approach based on the currently used local ablative endpoint defined by a ≥50% amplitude decrease of the bipolar atrial electrogram. Bidirectional block was achieved in all patients (mean age 67.9 ± 11.5 with 80.6% of men). Mean ablation time (164.3 ± 88.3 seconds vs 332.8 ± 151.5 seconds; P < 0.001) and mean energy delivery (7.5 ± 4.1 kJ vs 14.2 ± 6 kJ; P < 0.001) were significantly shorter in the unipolar group compared to the control group. No statistical differences were seen in procedure time (68.5 ± 22.6 min vs 77.5 ± 20.2 min; P = 0.10).ConclusionReal‐time unipolar electrogram modification is a relevant local endpoint during common AFL ablation and leads to a substantial reduction of ablation time and energy delivery compared to a standard ablative approach while displaying a similar short‐ and long‐term success rate.
Altitudinal flower size variation correlates with local pollinator size in a bumblebee‐pollinated herb,Prunella vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Kuriya S. , Hattori M. , Nagano Y. , Itino T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe influence of locally different species interactions on trait evolution is a focus of recent evolutionary studies. However, few studies have demonstrated that geographically different pollinator‐mediated selection influences geographic variation in floral traits, especially across a narrow geographic range. Here, we hypothesized that floral size variation in the Japanese herbPrunella vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae) is affected by geographically different pollinator sizes reflecting different pollinator assemblages. To evaluate this hypothesis, we posed two questions. (1) Is there a positive correlation between floral length and the proboscis length of pollinators (bumblebees) across altitude in a mountain range? (2) Does the flower–pollinator size match influence female and male plant fitness? We found geographic variation in the assemblage of pollinators ofP. vulgarisalong an altitudinal gradient, and, as a consequence, the mean pollinator proboscis length also changed altitudinally. The floral corolla length ofP. vulgarisalso varied along an altitudinal gradient, and this variation strongly correlated with the local pollinator size but did not correlate with altitude itself. Furthermore, we found that the size match between the floral corolla length and bee proboscis length affected female and male plant fitness and the optimal size match (associated with peak fitness) was similar for the female and male fitness. Collectively, these results suggest that pollinator‐mediated selection influences spatial variation in the size ofP. vulgarisflowers at a fine spatial scale.
Advanced Esthetic Management of Dental Implants: Surgical and Restorative Considerations to Improve Outcomes
Authors: Levin Barry P. , Rubinstein Sergio , Rose Louis F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveSuccessful dental implant therapy in the maxillary anterior dentition requires meticulous attention to surgical and prosthodontic measures.Clinical ConsiderationsProper diagnosis, extraction technique, implant selection, and placement significantly impact outcomes. Respect of hard and soft tissue physiology following tooth loss and implant placement requires specific steps be taken. Management tissue contours properly, via regenerative therapy, results in successful framing of the restoration. Provisionalization and definitive restorative therapy also impacts the level of esthetic success. The contours of the temporary abutment and crown develop soft tissue contours for the final restoration. Overcontouring can lead to soft tissue recession and mucosal asymmetry. Design of the definitive crown(s) is crucial for long‐term maintenance of esthetically acceptable results.ConclusionVisualizing the outcome of treatment prior to its inception, following specific surgical and restorative guidelines, increases the likelihood of success.Clinical SignificanceThis article demonstrates the importance of proper surgical and prosthetic principles in achieving esthetic implant results.
Color Stability and Surface Roughness of a Laboratory‐Processed Composite Resin as a Function of Mouthrinse
Authors: Cengiz Seda , Yüzbaşioğlu Emir , Cengiz M. Inanç , Velioğlu Neslin , Sevimli Gaye 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStatement of the ProblemMouthrinses can cause discoloration on indirect resin composites.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different mouthrinses on the color changes and surface roughness of a laboratory‐processed composite.Methods and MaterialsFifty discs were made using GC Gradia/GC indirect composites and divided into five groups which immersed in artificial saliva and four different types of mouthrinses. The samples were immersed daily for 14 days in 20 mL of the solutions for 2 minutes twice a day (with a 12‐hour interval between exposures). Measurements were carried out at four different times: 1 hour after sample preparation (t0), 1 day (t1), 7 days (t2), and 14 days (t3) after the first immersion in the solutions. The color before and after immersion was measured according to Comission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE L*, a*, b*) System and ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE* values were calculated. The surface roughness Ra (μm) of the specimens was evaluated using a profilometer.ResultsThere were significant differences between the groups at all time representing ΔE values (p < 0.001). At (t1) time representing ΔRa value, there were significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). At (t2, t3) time representing ΔRa values, there were significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). Pharmol Zn immersed specimens showed ΔE values between 1.04 and 3.67.ConclusionsThe result of this study indicated that the mouthrinses affected the color stability of indirect composites.Clinical SignificanceBased on the results of this study, patients with resin composite restorations should be warned by the dentists about the discoloration of the restorations and the time period of the mouthrinse that will be used.
Non‐Isothermal Kinetic Models of Degradation of S‐Methylmethionine
Authors: Huang Yarong , Tippmann Johannes , Becker Thomas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDimethyl sulfide (DMS), which has a characteristic taste and aroma of cooked celery, is one of the most studied off‐flavors in wort and beer. Although there have been many kinetic studies conducted with different wort boiling systems under isothermal conditions, the results are difficult to apply to the heating up process, in which the decomposition of the DMS precursor (DMS‐P), S‐methylmethionine (SMM) also takes place. And it is not easy to define the time of the beginning of wort boiling (t = 0) under isothermal conditions. In this study, the kinetics of thermal decomposition of SMM was studied using multiple dynamic measurements under non‐isothermal conditions. Wort was heated to 140C in sealed test tubes with different heating rates (1–6 K/min). The activation energies (Ea) and the pre‐exponential factors (A) for the decomposition of SMM were investigated using Coats–Redfern, Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method, respectively. The reaction mechanism follows first‐order kinetics. The kinetic triple (Ea, A, G(α)) obtained from the non‐isothermal method is compared with the results from isothermal method. In order to predict the formation of DMS and provide a better control during brewing process, a kinetic model was developed, which is applied to the heating up process and boiling process.Practical ApplicationsThe assessment of a wort boiling system and the improvement of a brewing recipe should be based on chemical kinetic perceptions. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a typical leader substance and evaporation factor and also an off‐flavor in wort. The knowledge about kinetic analysis on the formation of DMS is one of the important keys in order to control the brewing process and to guarantee the final beer quality. The results in this study can be used to calculate the optimal wort boiling to achieve the desired wort quality and final beer taste under atmospheric boiling conditions. In addition, the results can be used to improve the control of other heating parameters during heating and boiling of the wort.
Characterization of novel Brown midrib 6 mutations affecting lignin biosynthesis in sorghum
Authors: Scully Erin D. , Gries Tammy , Funnell‐Harris Deanna L. , Xin Zhanguo , Kovacs Frank A. , Vermerris Wilfred , Sattler Scott E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe presence of lignin reduces the quality of lignocellulosic biomass for forage materials and feedstock for biofuels. In C4 grasses, the brown midrib phenotype has been linked to mutations to genes in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. For example, the Bmr6 gene in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been previously shown to encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which catalyzes the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in this gene have been shown to reduce the abundance of lignin, enhance digestibility, and improve saccharification efficiencies and ethanol yields. Nine sorghum lines harboring five different bmr6 alleles were identified in an EMS‐mutagenized TILLING population. DNA sequencing of Bmr6 revealed that the majority of the mutations impacted evolutionarily conserved amino acids while three‐dimensional structural modeling predicted that all of these alleles interfered with the enzyme's ability to bind with its NADPH cofactor. All of the new alleles reduced in vitro CAD activity levels and enhanced glucose yields following saccharification. Further, many of these lines were associated with higher reductions in acid detergent lignin compared to lines harboring the previously characterized bmr6‐ref allele. These bmr6 lines represent new breeding tools for manipulating biomass composition to enhance forage and feedstock quality.
Experimental evaluation of environmental scanning electron microscopes at high chamber pressure
Authors: FITZEK H. , SCHROETTNER H. , WAGNER J. , HOFER F. , RATTENBERGER J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) high pressure applications have become increasingly important. Wet or biological samples can be investigated without time‐consuming sample preparation and potential artefacts from this preparation can be neglected.Unfortunately, the signal‐to‐noise ratio strongly decreases with increasing chamber pressure. To evaluate the high pressure performance of ESEM and to compare different electron microscopes, information about spatial resolution and detector type is not enough. On the one hand, the scattering of the primary electron beam increases, which vanishes the contrast in images; and on the other hand, the secondary electrons (SE) signal amplification decreases. The stagnation gas thickness (effective distance the beam has to travel through the imaging gas) as well as the SE detection system depend on the microscope and for a complete and serious evaluation of an ESEM or low vacuum SEM it is necessary to specify these two parameters.A method is presented to determine the fraction of scattered and unscattered electrons and to calculate the stagnation gas thickness (θ). To evaluate the high pressure performance of the SE detection system, a method is presented that allows for an analysis of a single image and the calculation of the signal‐to‐noise ratio of this image. All investigations are performed on an FEI ESEM Quanta 600 (field emission gun) and an FEI ESEM Quanta 200 (thermionic gun). These methods and measurements should represent opportunities for evaluating the high pressure performance of an ESEM.
TGR5 signaling reduces neuroinflammation during hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: McMillin Matthew , Frampton Gabriel , Tobin Richard , Dusio Giuseppina , Smith Jenny , Shin Hope , Newell‐Rogers Karen , Grant Stephanie , DeMorrow Sharon 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neurological complication of acute and chronic liver failure. Expression of the neurosteroid/bile acid receptor Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) has been demonstrated in the brain and is thought to be neuroprotective. However, it is unknown how TGR5 signaling can influence the progression and associated neuroinflammation of HE. HE was induced in C57Bl/6 mice via intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and tissue was collected throughout disease progression. TGR5 expression was elevated in the frontal cortex following AOM injection in mice. The cellular localization of TGR5 was found in both neurons and microglia in the cortex of C57Bl/6 mice. Central infusion of the TGR5 agonist, betulinic acid, prior to AOM injection delayed neurological decline, increased cortical cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations, reduced microglia activation and proliferation, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production. Betulinic acid treatment in vitro reduced the neuronal expression of chemokine ligand 2, a chemokine previously demonstrated to contribute to HE pathogenesis. Lastly, treatment of the microglia cell line EOC‐20 with conditioned media from betulinic acid‐treated primary neurons decreased phagocytic activity and cytokine production. Together, these data identify that activation of TGR5, which is up‐regulated during HE, alleviates neuroinflammation and improves outcomes of AOM‐treated mice through neuron and microglia paracrine signaling.
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This study supports that betulinic acid infusion into the brain during hepatic encephalopathy reduces the release of the neuronal cytokine CCL2 and subsequently inhibits proinflammatory cytokine release from microglia. This improves neurological outcomes in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy and identifies a potential therapeutic target for management of this disease.
Influence of depressive symptoms on memory in transient global amnesia
Authors: Noël Audrey , Quinette Peggy , Dayan Jacques , de la Sayette Vincent , Viader Fausto , Desgranges Béatrice , Giffard Bénédicte , Eustache Francis 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionRecent studies have shown that patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) experience a depressive mood during the episode. However, little evidence has been found of possible mood congruency effects on memory, which are probably masked by the massive anterograde amnesia. An implicit assessment could provide a means of settling this question.MethodsFirst, we measured patients' emotional states on psychopathological scales. Second, we administered a lexical decision task to assess three priming effects: Semantic priming (SP; table–chair), emotional priming (EP; murder–garbage), and emotional plus semantic priming (ESP; cemetery–coffin).ResultsPatients displayed a more depressed mood than controls. For patients, we found a SP effect in the ESP condition and a striking inhibition effect (i.e., negative target recognized more slowly when preceded by a negative prime rather than a neutral one) in the EP condition. For controls, a priming effect was found in the SP and ESP conditions, but not the EP condition. Finally, whereas the priming effect was greater in SP than in the other two conditions for controls, for patients it was the EP condition that stood out from the other two, being the only condition that led to an inhibition effect.ConclusionsWe highlighted a mood congruency effect in TGA which could impel patients to focus their attention on negative information. While the negative valence of items always led to a slowdown in reaction times for both patients and controls, attesting to a negativity bias, this bias was greater in patients, leading to an inhibition effect.
Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among female undergraduate students in China: the role of knowledge and psychosocial factors
Authors: Gu Can , Niccolai Linda M , Yang Shengbo , Wang Xiuhua , Tao Lijian 
Published: July 2015

Aims and objectivesTo examine young women's perceptions and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination and factors influencing acceptability in mainland China.BackgroundIn the light of current concepts, human papillomavirus vaccines serve as new paradigms in cervical cancer prevention programme for young women. However, knowledge and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination and factors influencing acceptability among young Chinese women are not known.DesignWe implemented a cross‐sectional descriptive study in the Hunan province of China.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen female undergraduate students completed confidential surveys in 2012. The questionnaire included five parts: background information, awareness and knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccine and cervical cancer, attitudes towards the vaccine and intentions to be vaccinated, psychosocial burden of human papillomavirus infection, and human papillomavirus‐related sexual stigma.ResultsOnly 44% of the participants were willing to be vaccinated in the future. Young women demonstrated low awareness and knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccine and cervical cancer. Their intention to receive future vaccination was associated with the high levels of knowledge about risk factors for cervical cancer and perceptions that infected women are responsible for their own infection of human papillomavirus.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest low awareness and knowledge among young Chinese women about the preventive nature and value of human papillomavirus vaccination. Social and cultural factors including moral obligation and STD‐related stigma may influence young women's intention to future vaccination.Relevance to clinical practiceEducational interventions are necessary to promote public awareness and deliver information about human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer prevention. Results of this study can help health care practitioners develop appropriate programmes for the promotion of human papillomavirus vaccination among this population.
Standardised care plans for in hospital stroke care improve documentation of health care assessments
Authors: Pöder Ulrika , Dahm Marie Fogelberg , Karlsson Nina , Wadensten Barbro 
Published: July 2015

Aims and objectivesTo compare stroke unit staff members' documentation of care in line with evidence‐based guidelines pre‐ and postimplementation of a multi‐professional, evidence‐based standardised care plan for stroke care in the electronic health record.BackgroundRapid and effective measures for patients with stroke or suspected stroke can limit the extent of damage; it is imperative that patients be observed, assessed and treated in accordance with evidence‐based practice in hospital.DesignQuantitative, comparative.MethodsStructured retrospective health record reviews were made prior to (n 60) and one and a half years after implementation (n 60) of a multi‐professional evidence‐based standardised care plan with a quality standard for stroke care in the electronic health record.ResultsSignificant improvements were found in documentation of assessed vital signs, except for body temperature, Day 1 post compared with preimplementation. Documentation frequency regarding body temperature Day 1 and blood pressure and pulse Day 2 decreased post compared with preimplementation. Improvements were also detected in documented observations of patients' micturition capacity, swallowing capacity and mouth status and the proportion of physiotherapist‐documented aid assessments. Observations of blood glucose, mobilisation ability and speech and communication ability were unchanged.ConclusionsAn evidence‐based standardised care plan in an electronic health record assists staff in improving documentation of health status assessments during the first days after a stroke diagnosis.Relevance to clinical practiceUse of a standardised care plan seems to have the potential to help staff adhere to evidence‐based patient care and, thereby, to increase patient safety.