bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-lived plasma cells are early and constantly generated in New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 mice and their therapeutic depletion requires a combined targeting of autoreactive plasma cells and their precursors
Authors: Taddeo Adriano , Khodadadi Laleh , Voigt Caroline , Mumtaz Imtiaz M , Cheng Qingyu , Moser Katrin , Alexander Tobias , Manz Rudolf A , Radbruch Andreas , Hiepe Falk , Hoyer Bimba F 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Autoantibodies contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Unfortunately, the long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) secreting such autoantibodies are refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatments. Although generated long before the disease becomes clinically apparent, it remains rather unclear whether LLPC generation continues in the established disease. Here, we analyzed the generation of LLPCs, including autoreactive LLPCs, in SLE-prone New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 (NZB/W F1) mice over their lifetime, and their regeneration after depletion.

Methods
Bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments in mice of different ages were performed in order to analyze the generation of LLPCs during the development of SLE. LLPCs were enumerated by flow cytometry and autoreactive anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) plasma cells by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). For analyzing the regeneration of LLPCs after depletion, mice were treated with bortezomib alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide and plasma cells were enumerated 12 hours, 3, 7, 11 and 15 days after the end of the bortezomib cycle.

Results
Autoreactive LLPCs are established in the spleen and bone marrow of SLE-prone mice very early in ontogeny, before week 4 and before the onset of symptoms. The generation of LLPCs then continues throughout life. LLPC counts in the spleen plateau by week 10, but continue to increase in the bone marrow and inflamed kidney. When LLPCs are depleted by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, their numbers regenerate within two weeks. Persistent depletion of LLPCs was achieved only by combining a cycle of bortezomib with maintenance therapy, for example cyclophosphamide, depleting the precursors of LLPCs or preventing their differentiation into LLPCs.

Conclusions
In SLE-prone NZB/W F1 mice, autoreactive LLPCs are generated throughout life. Their sustained therapeutic elimination requires both the depletion of LLPCs and the inhibition of their regeneration.
Brownish alterations on the marble statues in the church of Orsanmichele in Florence: what is their origin?
Authors: Pinna Daniela , Galeotti Monica , Rizzo Adriana 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
The paper describes the complex investigations carried out to understand the sources of the brown chromatic changes that have occurred on ten marble statues dated back to the first half of the 15th century and now located in the Church of Orsanmichele in Florence, Italy. When the statues were removed from the outdoor niches for restoration in the 1980s, they appeared covered with a dark brown patina (called ‘bronzatura’) that dated to interventions occurred just after 1789. Archival documents confirmed that they had been carried out to make the marble statues look like bronzes. Because of the removal of the dark patina carried out by the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in the 1990s, the marble almost regained its distinguishing clear tonality even if darker areas remained. After the statues were placed indoors at the end of restoration, brownish discolorations started to appear on their surfaces.

Results
Research began by using various non-invasive analyses (photographs under ultraviolet illumination, fluorescence lifetime imaging, x-ray fluorescence). The results of UV fluorescence tests and FLIM showed that the fluorescence emission’s distribution map does not have distinctive and homogeneous characteristics in relation to the areas with the discoloration. Therefore, it is not a superficial film, but rather a phenomenon affecting the marble structure. Then we performed invasive analyses on samples from some statues. The results of optical microscopy, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy on cross sections, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry on powdered samples from the surfaces and/or the bulk of the marble allowed the identification of the various substances involved in the chromatic alteration. Most important was the detection of weddellite and gypsum on the surface and within the marble. This finding, combined with the presence of lipids inside the stone, suggests that mineralization of treatments have occurred, causing discolorations.

Conclusions
Even though the study focuses on the statues from Orsanmichele, their issue nevertheless should not be considered specific to them. Marble discolorations are a widespread phenomenon whose complete understanding needs a complex series of analyses and only the combination of non-invasive and invasive analyses can fulfill this goal.
Fruit juice and puree characteristics influence enrichment requirements for real-time PCR detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris
Authors: Shayanfar Shima , Harzman Christina , Pillai Suresh D 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a key spoilage causing bacterium commonly found in fruit juices and purees. Commercial real-time PCR based assays to detect this organism are available, but reportedly require 48 hours of enrichment for detection. The underlying hypothesis of this study was that fruit juice and puree characteristics influence the enrichment requirements of this organism, and that in some matrices, the organism can be detected within 24 hours even when present at low initial contamination. Thirteen different store-purchased fruit juice and purees were inoculated with 10 CFU/ml of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. The inoculated samples were enriched for 24 and 48 h. Aliquots from the un-enriched, 24 hour, and 48 hour enriched samples were taken, total community DNA extracted, and the real-time PCR assay performed using commercially available kits.

Results

A. acidoterrestris was detected by real-time PCR within 24 h of enrichment in most matrices (except ketchup and orange concentrate) even from a low starting concentration (10 CFU/ml). Juice and puree samples with high soluble solids contents (i.e. Brix values) required longer incubation periods for lower A. acidoterrestris Ct values.

Conclusions
The soluble solids (Brix) content of fruit juice and purees influence the enrichment requirements for real-time PCR detection of A. acidoterrestris. Samples with high Brix values should be diluted to reduce the inhibitors of A. acidoterrestris proliferation during enrichment.
Spatial and temporal variations of extreme precipitation and temperature events for the Southwest China in 1960–2009
Authors: Qin Nianxiu , Wang Junneng , Yang Guishan , Chen Xi , Liang Haoyuan , Zhang Jianbin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Extreme climate events leading to tremendous life and property losses, environmental degradation, have recently received increased attention. It is applied to a data set consisting of 116 weather station records (1960–2009) covering the Southwest China, and measured the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation and temperature extreme and their long-term trend have been analyzed, the possible reason for the recent 2009 SWC severe drought is briefly discussed too.

Results
The most remarkable result is, compared with the base year, significant decreasing trend has been measured for the precipitation amount and the rainy days while regardless the mean temperature, maximum temperature or minimum temperature is clear warming in 2009 over SWC, particularly in the 9-12 month, less precipitation combined with unreasonable high temperature may be the major contributor to the mega-drought crippling into SWC in 2009-2010. Although no significant trend has been indentified for annual precipitation, great sub-seasonality and regional difference has been detected over SWC. Statistical significant decreasing trend has been examined for rainy days over SWC and the downward prevail in the second half of a year, especially in the autumn month while the first half of a year is characterized by positive trend of maximum precipitation, rainy day intensity and annual precipitation. Maximum temperature and minimum temperature showed significant warming trend in every month, in particular the upward trend of the minimum temperature is stronger than that of the maximum temperature.

Conclusions
It is somewhat resulting easily in the increase of frequency of extreme events, that is, increase the frequency of flooding and drought in the Southwest China.
Adherence to Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Siddiqui M. Ruby , Willis Andrew , Bil Karla , Singh Jatinder , Mukomena Sompwe Eric , Ariti Cono 
Published: February 2015

Between 2011 and 2013 the number of recorded malaria cases had more than doubled, and between 2009 and 2013 had increased almost 4-fold in MSF-OCA (Médecins sans Frontières – Operational Centre Amsterdam) programmes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The reasons for this rise are unclear. Incorrect intake of Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) could result in failure to treat the infection and potential recurrence. An adherence study was carried out to assess whether patients were completing the full course of ACT.One hundred and eight malaria patients in Shamwana, Katanga province, DRC were visited in their households the day after ACT was supposed to be completed. They were asked a series of questions about ACT administration and the blister pack was observed (if available).Sixty seven (62.0%) patients were considered probably adherent. This did not take into account the patients that vomited or spat their pills or took them at the incorrect time of day, in which case adherence dropped to 46 (42.6%). The most common reason that patients gave for incomplete/incorrect intake was that they were vomiting or felt unwell (10 patients (24.4%), although the reasons were not recorded for 22 (53.7%) patients). This indicates that there may be poor understanding of the importance of completing the treatment or that the side effects of ACT were significant enough to over-ride the pharmacy instructions.Adherence to ACT was poor in this setting. Health education messages emphasising the need to complete ACT even if patients vomit doses, feel unwell or their health conditions improve should be promoted.
Embodied subjectivity: The impact of reflexive engagement with personal narrative upon the values of trainee primary art teachers
Authors: Hames Hannah 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This research explores the relationship between reflexive engagement with personal narrative, and the refinement and development of value systems amongst trainee primary art teachers. Work generated during a critical studies module was gathered and analysed chronologically to isolate and interpret any moments of reflexivity associated with the use of personal narrative. This was compared with the conclusions drawn by students in their final essays to identify whether such reflexive activity had supported the articulation of subject specific values. The study revealed that reflexive activity can significantly broaden students’ understanding of the value of art and design, however, most students are unable to connect their newly refined values with any proposed actions for change. The report concludes by highlighting the difficulties associated with the swift ‘interpellation’ of student teachers in primary settings, recommending that values-led practice in art and design is supported in a practical, skills-based way by training providers.
The educational role of performing and visual arts in Asante traditional politics
Authors: Arthur Nana Ama Pokuaa , Asante Eric Appau , Opoku-Asare Nana Afia 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Although various forms of art are prominent in the Asante culture, the performing and visual arts make a particularly vibrant and far-reaching contribution. This study has used a qualitative research approach, relying mainly on observations and interviews, to focus on the role of the performing and visual arts in Asante traditional politics. The results show that the arts offer more than just entertainment and communication – they also play a motivational and educational role that encourages the Asante culture to continue to evolve. It is important that traditional rulers in Asante should help preserve and promote their visual and performing art forms to ensure that the arts continue to play instrumental roles in their traditional leadership.
Culdesac Island workshops: Creative capacities in a virtual learning environment
Authors: Navarro David Serra , Villanueva Joan Vallès 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This work encompasses some reflections developed in the Culdesac Island project: a virtual lab put together through intergenerational creative workshops. The use of Second Life has allowed multiple pathways, the interaction of simulations and the creation of a social space where knowledge flows and is shared, plus the possibility of generating collaborative work. These simulation environments allow ‘real’ learning and spaces to share and develop artistic experiences. The aim is to show the educational potential of the virtual environment from the transference of real experience conveyed by the figure of the ‘avatar-performer’, thus establishing a relational framework between the ‘body-object’ and cooperative processes in an intangible space. In this social lab, real cultural actions are reproduced and/or revised in a mimetic way as the interactive principle between participants of different ages and profiles. Furthermore, it adds new values to network production based on real and virtual experience.
Este trabajo recoge algunas reflexiones desarrolladas en el proyecto Culdesac Island, un laboratorio virtual articulado a través de talleres creativos intergeneracionales. La utilización de SecondLife ha permitido múltiples recorridos, interacción de simulaciones y la creación de un espacio social donde fluye y también se comparte conocimiento y la posibilidad de generar acciones de trabajo colaborativo. Entornos de simulación que permiten aprendizajes “reales” y espacios para compartir y desarrollar experiencias artísticas. El objetivo es mostrar el potencial pedagógico del entorno virtual desde la transferencia de experiencia real vehiculada en la figura del “avatar-performer”, un marco relacional entre el “cuerpo-objeto” y nuevos procesos colaborativos en el espacio intangible. Un laboratorio social en el que se reproduce y/o revisa en clave mimética las acciones culturales reales como principio interactivo entre participantes de diferentes edades y perfil, añadiendo nuevos valores sobre la producción en red basados en la experiencia, real y virtual.
Older adult responses to art curriculum and self-directed learning
Authors: La Porte Angela M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The objective of this participant observation was to better understand how older adults respond to diverse art education curricula and self-directed learning. The study involved teaching a weekly two-hour art class of eight to ten adults at a low-income residential facility over a four-month period. Findings suggested that curricula should encompass the broad range of student backgrounds, levels of art expertise, and life experiences. Older adult participants were largely self-directed to varying degrees, depending on their art knowledge, media expertise, and confidence in the subject area. The instructor best served the older adult learner as a facilitator or resource for learning. It was important to build on what students wanted to learn and to introduce artists and styles that broadened their perspectives and inspired art-making. Not all students responded to planned curriculum, but themes with an enduring idea such as healing or ritual evoked stories and inspired meaningful art.
A critical analysis on five Korean art educators’ perceptions of pedagogic values of ‘Traditional’ painting
Authors: Jeong Ok-Hee 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article critically analyses the views of five Korean art educators on traditional art practice that assume the enduring value of a particular style of Korean ‘traditional’ painting. The outcome of the data analysis shows how a particular style of Korean painting is recognized by them as ‘traditional’, while other styles such as folk painting are rejected as non-valuable from a complex historical legacy of art practice. This shows the cultural reproduction of the educational discourses and practices of tradition that are retained through an idealized memory historically rooted as part of structurally generated class ‘cultures’, as central to the constitution of social solidarity and to the creation of a collective identity, and have constantly reproduced a particular culture.
이 글은 초중등학교와 대학에서 전통회화를 가르치고 있거나 미술교육 연구 분야에서 일하고 있는 다섯 명의 한국 미술교육자들의 전통미술에 대한 관점을 비판적으로 분석한다. 이들과의 인터뷰 자료 분석을 통해 한국회화에서 수묵화와 같은 특정 스타일은 ‘전통적’으로 간주되어왔던 반면, 민화와 같은 다른 스타일들은 전통적으로 간주되지 않았던 시대적 역사적 맥락을 들여다봄으로써, 특정 스타일의 한국 회화에 ‘전통’이라는 변치 않은 가치를 두고 이루어지는 교육적인 담론과 실천에 대한 반성적 고찰을 제공한다. 한 사회의 특정 계층의 ‘문화’로 구조화된 전통에 대한 인식은 그들이 속한 사회의 연대감 구성과 집합적 정체성을 중시하고자 그 집단의 과거에 대해 이상화된 기억들을 통해 구성된 것일 수도 있으며, 이런 전통회화 대한 인식들로 이루어지는 교육적 담론과 실천들은 지속적으로 특정 문화를 재생산하는 역할을 할 수 있음을 비판한다.
Crafting the collective sense: A descriptive case study on recreational textile craft-making in Finnish
adult education
Authors: Kouhia Anna 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to elaborate on the collective aspects of craft-making in the field of adult education, and to discuss the collaborative elements behind the increasing popularity of leisure time craft-making. Exploring this emerging affinity further, this descriptive case study uses auto-ethnographic methods to examine the process of co-producing the collective sense in a group of hobby craft ­practitioners. Data consist of a researcher’s reflective field diary and in-depth interviews of nine course participants, which in the analysis unfold the experiences of becoming a member of a community of hobbyist craft-makers. There were four themes that emerged in the study: mutual agency, social interaction, active participation and shared responsibility. As the list suggests, a collective sense does not simply grow through increasing participation, but is also fuelled by many pedagogical and social factors. Therefore, craft-making is seen as a much broader phenomenon than a mere material transformation.
Artikkelin tarkoituksena on tutkia käsityön yhteisöllisyyttä vapaan sivitystyön kentällä ja keskustella yhteisöllisyyden rakentumisesta käsityön harrastamisen kasvavan suosion näkökulmasta. Artikkelissa kehittyvän yhteenkuuluvuuden tunteen tarkastelussa hyödynnetään kuvailevan tapaustutkimuksen sekä autoetnografisen tutkimuksen metodeja. Artikkelissa keskitytään tutkimaan yhteisöllisyyden kokemuksen rakentumista käsityön harrastajaryhmässä. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu tutkijan reflektiivisestä päiväkirja-aineistosta sekä yhdeksän käsityöryhmään osallistuneen henkilön haastatteluista. Analyysi valottaa kokemuksia käsityön harrastajayhteisön jäseneksi kasvamisesta. Tutkimuksen neljä keskeistä teemaa ovat vastavuoroinen toimijuus, sosiaalinen vuorovaikutus, aktiivinen osallistuminen sekä jaettu vastuu. Nämä teemat osoittavat, että yhteisöllisyyden kokemus käsityössä ei rakennu pelkästään osallisuuden lujittumisen kautta, vaan siihen vaikuttavat myös monet pedagogiset ja sosiaaliset tekijät. Tästä syystä myös käsitöiden tekeminen näyttäytyy paljon laajempana ilmiönä kuin pelkkänä materiaalin muokkaamisena.
Threshold concepts in art education: Negotiating the ambiguity in pre-service teacher identity formation
Authors: Blair Lorrie , Fitch Sebastien 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The dual nature of being simultaneously an artist and a teacher has long been recognized as a source of stress for novice and mid-career art educators. The article describes findings from a qualitative study into first-year art education students’ experiences of studio-based art courses. Data comprising interviews with six instructors and focus-group interviews with a total of twelve students revealed the extent to which the above problem takes root early on before prospective teachers have entered the classroom, and indicates a pressing need for pre-service art teacher training to address this issue. We suggest the inherent dichotomy at the heart of art education can be understood as a problematic liminal space, which students experience both on a personal as well as an institutional level, and we explore how Threshold Concept theory might serve as a key to help students fuse their conflicting identities into a coherent sense of self.
The Dead Man Drifted Along in the Breeze
Authors: Butler David 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Dead Man Drifted Along in the Breeze presents stills from a video document capturing a computer screen as I navigated Google Streetview, in an attempt to retrace Robert Smithson's walk as described in his 1967 Artforum article 'The monuments of Passaic'. The contemporary video stills are accompanied by quotations from the original Smithson article. It is as if Smithson was writing about a future landscape as documented by the Google cameras; a fragile world of unstable pictures and shifting ground.
Beacon
Authors: Jurakic Ivan , Lukasik-Foss Tor 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Beacon is a photo-essay documenting members of the TH&B collective taking a billboard of the Great Lakes for a walk in the woods along a trail to the Bow River. The project was developed during the BRiC residency The Retreat at the Banff Centre for the Arts in August 2012 (All photos by Carol Sawyer).
A figure of ambivalent retreat: The case of Gisela Elsner
Authors: Smith-Prei Carrie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Retreat communicates power through refusal. By turning away or separating from, the subject in retreat engages in an act of negativity that demands a break with dominant modes of thinking and a redirecting of energies towards the messy, diffuse, or unpopular. In the post-1945 German context, such associations carry specific historical and cultural weight, as negation always also denotes a retreat from the legacies of fascism. This article examines the German author Gisela Elsner (1937-1992) as a case study of just such a retreat. As a figure, she enacted retreat through costuming, make-up, and her fierce commitment to the DKP, the German Communist Party, despite her location in West Germany. Her writing also retreats - from representation, from pleasure, from emotion and from interpretation. The article explores Elsner as a figure of retreat that complicates the positive coding of the term's identity-political possibilities.