bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Role as Antioxidant
Authors: Abdulsattar Sura A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs), also known as ceria NPs, are particles of cerium oxide with sizes in the nanometer range. Cerium oxide (CeO2) is a compound composed of cerium and oxygen, and when it is reduced to NPs, it exhibits unique properties and applications. Cerium oxide NPs possess excellent catalytic properties. Cerium oxide NPs can switch between different oxidation states, Ce+4 and Ce+3, by gaining or losing oxygen atoms. This redox activity enables them to scavenge and neutralize free radicals and reactive oxygen species through their ability to cycle between these states and reduce oxidative stress in cells and tissues.
Profile of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Saeed Khlood Noori , Shnawa Bushra Hussain , Al-Badran Adnan Issa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
In 2019’s December, the new COVID-19 coronavirus induced severe lower respiratory tract syndrome in Wuhan, China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ultimately became responsible for the life-threatening pandemic. The magnitude and outcome of COVID-19 may be related to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine called “cytokine storm.” Cytokine production besides the age of patients, and comorbidities, all influence the length and severity of SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives:
This research was performed to investigate how these factors affect patients who have severe COVID-19 in a sample of Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 82 participants were enrolled in this work, confirmed hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 60) and healthy control (n = 22) from both sexes of age range 20‐67 years. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the serum of COVID-19 patients and HC have been evaluated using an ELISA.

Results:
According to our findings, sera from COVID-19 patients had considerably higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α than those of the control group. Furthermore, most infections were among women (63%), followed by men (37%), the higher number of patients were within 50‐59 years, while the lowest number of patients was found in the group 20‐29 years. Most COVID-19 patients appeared to be overweight and obese. Additionally, those who have diabetes mellitus are also at risk of severe COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in patients than in the control group, suggesting that they could be used as indicators of the severity of COVID-19 illness. Also, their combined detection provided highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of COVID-19 severity, which has significant clinical values.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Ezetimibe Against Risperidone-Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Al-Juhaishi Atheer Majid Rashid , Ismael Ahmed H. , Jasim Aziz H. , Al-Mukhtar Entisar J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Drug-induced hepatic injury is an unfavorable reaction to medications and/or their byproducts, which can result in ongoing harm to liver function and even death. Risperidone, the second most prescribed antipsychotic drug, has been linked to weight gain, abnormal hepatic enzyme levels, and further damage to liver cells. On the other hand, ezetimibe is an antihyperlipidemic agent that reduces serum cholesterol levels by inhibiting its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, it possesses antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective properties.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of ezetimibe in mitigating liver damage induced by risperidone.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 24 adult male Swiss albino rats aged 6–7 weeks and weighing 170–180 g each were randomly divided into four groups, with 6 rats in each group. The first group served as a control and received vehicles only (0.5 mL of corn oil). Rats in the second group were administered risperidone alone at a dose of 2 mg/kg. In the last two groups, rats received a combination of risperidone (2 mg/kg) and ezetimibe at doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. After sacrificing the rats, serum samples were collected to measure parameters related to lipid profile and liver enzymes. Additionally, liver tissue was immediately gathered for histopathological assessment using the NAS scoring system.

Results:
Ezetimibe exhibited marked hepatoprotective effects in rats exposed to risperidone-induced hepatic injury. This was achieved by significantly (P < 0.05) lowering adverse lipid profile components (TCHO, TG, LDL, and VLDL) and liver enzymes (ALT and AST), while at the same time significantly (P < 0.05) elevating the beneficial lipid profile (HDL). Moreover, Ezetimibe demonstrated remarkable liver protection by mitigating hepatic lobule destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the presence of steatotic cells.

Conclusion:
Ezetimibe exhibited notable hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic properties in countering hepatic injury induced by risperidone.
Incidental Gynecological Conditions in Patients Presented with Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Wahhab Rawa’a A. Sattar A. , Mohammed Luma K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Female patients during reproductive age had a high rate of gynecological conditions, such as ovarian cysts, ovarian torsion, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis, that occur and misdiagnosed with acute or chronic appendicitis; these disorders can be without identifiable pathologies and discovered accidentally during appendectomy.

Objectives:
The aim of this article is to study the most common gynecological conditions that are accidentally encountered in female patients presented with acute appendicitis.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on 97 female patients who were admitted to the hospital for open and laparoscopic appendectomy during the period of January–April 2021.

Results:
The study included 97 patients, 71 (73%) were of the age group 20–49 years, 35 of them had incidental gynecological findings, and the rest 62 were having true acute appendicitis, ovarian cyst, and ectopic pregnancy which were the most common findings (16, 5) cases, respectively.

Conclusion:
Surgical gynecological conditions in female patients with appendectomy are commonly encountered, and the most common diagnoses were ovarian cysts.
Clinical Evaluation and Comparison between Effects of Rituximab and Prednisolone with Imuran to Neutrophils and Platelet Counts in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients
Authors: Al-Drobie Ban , Abdul-Qahar Ghassan Hassan , Aswad Fawaz. D. AL. , Al-Hasnawi Zahra Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground:Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune vesiculobullous mucocutaneous disease with life-threatening consequences. Rituximab (RTX) has recently emerged as an effective treatment for PV.Objectives:This study aims to determine changes in neutrophil and platelet counts for PV patients treated with RTX or corticosteroids combined with Imuran (azathioprine).Materials and Methods:The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Thirty PV patients received two types of treatment: 15 patients were administered RTX and 15 patients took corticosteroids with Imuran (azathioprine). Neutrophil and platelet counts were detected at the hospital laboratory.Results:The age range of PV patients was 27–67 years, and the mean ±SD was 44.866 ± 10.979 years for the patient group treated with RTX and 44.133 ± 11.519 for the patient group treated with corticosteroids and Imuran. In patients treated with RTX, 26.6% were males and 73.33% were females, with a female-to-male ratio of 2.75:1. In patients treated with corticosteroids with Imuran, 40% were males and 60% were females, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.5:1. The results revealed that among patients treated with RTX, 30% of them had mucocutaneous lesions, 6.66% had oral lesions, and 13.33% had cutaneous lesions. Among the other groups treated with corticosteroids and Imuran, 23.33% had mucocutaneous lesions, 13.33% had oral lesions, and 13.33% had cutaneous lesions. Among the patients treated with RTX, 53.33% had normal range of neutrophil count, while 46.6% had neutrophil count above the NR, while in patients treated with corticosteroids and Imuran, 40% had a normal range and 60% had above the normal range.Conclusion:RTX was a more effective treatment compared to corticosteroids with Imuran because no patient remained in an active state during this study. PV was prevalent in females aged 40 years with mucocutaneous lesions.
Detection of Viruses associated with Herpes Labialis Patients in Babylon Province Pre and Post Treatment with Low Power Laser Therapy (Diode Laser)
Authors: Aboob Ahmed Jaber , Alyassiri Ali Mihsen Hussein , Alkhafaji Younis Abdulridha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The secondary or recurrent herpetic infections (RHIs) are caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 and type-2. low-power laser therapy 940 nm may consider one of the best and most optimistic and optional local therapeutic and biological options.

Objectives:
To determine both molecular detection and viral load of HSV-1 and HSV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pre- and post-diode laser therapy 940 nm for evaluating the laser efficacy.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients in age range 6–48 years have participated in this clinical trial study complaining from RHI. Sixty viral swabs were taken for those thirty participant patients including 30 swabs pre and 30 swabs post 3–5 days. Diode laser therapy 940 nm for biostimulation, real-time PCR for accurate detection of both HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Results:
The results in this present study showed mean age range of RHI patients was 25.7 ± 12.1 years with a male ratio more than the female 1.5:1. Overall participants were infected with HSV type-1, whereas 3 (10%) of the participants were noninfected with HSV type-2. There was a significant increase in HSV type-1 PCR threshold cycle (Ct) mean of RHI patients after treatment with diode laser therapy 940 nm which means decreasing in the viral load.

Conclusions:
The real-time PCR technique is a highly efficient, reliable, and rapid technique for accurate diagnosis and viral load measuring of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Low-power laser therapy is utilized to reduce pain levels, change the state of disease from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory, and may reduce the viral load.
Interleukin 1 Alpha Gene Polymorphism in Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy Treatment
Authors: Abd Frial Gemeel , Kadhum Sawsan Hassan , Hathal Wurud Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The interleukin 1 (IL-1) family of cytokines is essential for triggering and controlling immunological and inflammatory responses. We believe the levels of these cytokines in breast tumor homogenates relate to other known prognosticators of patient survival.

Objectives:
The association between the risk of breast tumors and the IL-1 alpha −889 C>T Promoter Primer polymorphism has been established. Interleukin 1 alpha −889 C>T Promoter Primer has been proven to influence breast tumor susceptibility. Our research aimed to determine whether the IL-1 alpha −889 C>T Promoter Primer gene polymorphism and susceptibility to Breast cancers (BCs) are related.

Materials and Methods:
The genotype frequencies of the IL-1 alpha −889 C>T Promoter Primer polymorphism were compared between 100 BC cases and 50 controls with the assistance of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Additional multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the level of IL-1 in patients’ blood and to examine the association between the IL-1 alpha −889 C>T Promoter Primer polymorphism and BC risk utilizing the ELISA technique after therapy.

Results:
The concentration of CA 15-3 in patients with BC was 101.107 increase significantly compare with mean of control group was 62.802, in chemotherapy patients genotype frequencies of TT, CT, CC of IL-1 alpha −889 C>T gene polymorphism where it patients with genotype TT were affected by breast tumors approximately one time comparison with patients having genotype CT (odd ratio = 1.50 and 0.91).

Conclusion:
Concentration of CA 15-3 increase in patients after chemotherapy compared with healthy, The IL-1 alpha −889 C>T polymorphism affects breast tumors in women.
Molecular Analysis of the Antiseptic Resistance Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Patients
Authors: Abdulla Anwar A. , Abed Thekra Abdulaali , Almuttairi Ahmed A. Hadi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be susceptible to a variety of antibiotics and disinfectants, and this resistance has become a major problem, particularly among hospitalized patients.

Objectives:
The present study aims to determine the association between class 1 integrons (intI1) and genes responsible for antiseptic resistance (fabV, qacΔE1, and qacE) among multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa from burn patients.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-four isolates from burns were identified using both standard approaches and the VITEK 2 system. Disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to identify class 1 integrons and antiseptic resistance genes using specific primers for intI1, fabV, qacE1, and qacE.

Results:
64 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from burn patients during the research period. The antibiotic susceptibility of all 64 P. aeruginosa isolates was examined. MDR resistance to at least three antibiotic classes were found in all of the isolates. The PCR results revealed that 100% of the isolates tested positive for the class 1 integron gene. According to the current findings, all isolates possessed the qacΔE1 and fabV genes. While the qacE results were being processed, 87.50% of the isolates tested positive. There was no correlation between the presence of antiseptic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance (P ˃ 0.05).

Conclusion:
our data suggest that P. aeruginosa isolates have profound antibiotic resistance and an antiseptic resistance gene. The integron was mostly found in all isolates, indicating that the Antiseptic resistance gene corresponds to the integron class 1.
Assessment of Effectiveness and Side Effects of Subdermal Implant among User Women
Authors: Al Jeborry Milal Mohammad , Al Kadhim Hanan Khudhair Hussein , Witwit Suha J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Implanon is a progestin-only implantable contraceptive; it offers promise, long-term, with a high-efficacy contraceptive. It is one of the most effective reversible contraceptives and is of the same effectiveness to sterilization.

Objective:
To assess the adverse effect profile and effectiveness of subdermal implants.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study involved 48 women attending for insertion of the subdermal implant on days 2–5 of their cycle. The implant was inserted subdermally under the effect of local xylocaine of the nondominant arm.

Results:
The commonest side effect was weight gain constituted 62.5%. At the same time, amenorrhea was reported in 31.3%. Pain at the site of insertion constitutes 14.6%. While bleeding occurred in one case, which responded to local pressure. The commonest cause of discontinuation was weight gain constituted 12.5%. Followed by disturbances in the menstrual cycle. Discontinuation rate 41.7% (20 out of 48 cases).

Conclusion:
Implanon is an effective long-term contraception with few adverse effects.
Mortality of Mucormycosis during Coronavirus Disease Pandemic
Authors: Abbas Samah , Hassan Usama Salim , Aood Mustafa Shamkhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is an aggressive, mutilating, and in many cases life-threatening infection that results in rapid devitalization of tissues in the area of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal impairment, and hematological malignancies used to be the main predisposing factors for this serious infection. During the second wave of the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there has been an increment in these cases, in a manner that has not been witnessed before, and hence the interest in studying this topic.

Objectives:
Review of management outcomes and mortality in patients diagnosed with “possible invasive fungal rhinosinusitis” during the 2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemic and compare these with the outcomes observed before the pandemic in Iraq and other countries.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of all patients with clinically possible invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (30 patients) presenting or referred to the ear nose and throat outpatient unit during the period from June 1st 2021 to December 31st 2021.

Results:
30 patients were included, 53.3% male, 73.33% had mucormycosis following COVID-19 infection. Diabetes was the underlying condition in 57.67% of the cases. Fever, facial pain, nasal obstruction and headache were the most prevalent symptoms at presentation. The mortality rate was 16.7%.

Conclusion:
A reduced mortality rate was observed despite the increased number of cases, and this is mostly related to the early initiation of antifungal therapy.
Evaluation of Nursing Intervention Measures in Infection Control at Dialysis Units in Mosul City Hospitals
Authors: Salih Ali Nafaa , Allo Rami Ramadhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nursing staff must take adequate precautions and implement appropriate practices to substantially reduce the risk of workplace transmission of blood-borne infections to patients and staff within dialysis units. This study aimed to evaluate the intervention measures for staff nurses in the dialysis unit.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study from December 1, 2021, to April 1, 2022, in three Mosul City hospitals. A convenience sample was selected. Sixty nurses participated in the study.

Results:
The study findings show that 41.7% of the study sample was within the 25–29 year age group, and the highest percentage was of males (51.7%). Regarding qualifications, 43.3% of nurses had a bachelor’s degree, and 76.7% of them had less than 5 years of experience working in the dialysis unit. All the subjects received vaccination against the hepatitis virus. There are limitations in some nurses’ practices, such as wearing a face shield, cleaning and disinfecting the beds and chairs, and external surfaces of the machines during pre- and post-dialysis.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that there are clear defects in the application of some nursing procedures and measures to control the transmission of infections inside hemodialysis units in Mosul city hospitals.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Atorvastatin on Colitis Induced in Male Mice
Authors: Mageed Zeena Hadi , Abbas Majid K. , Raji Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Statins are approved for cholesterol reduction and may also be beneficial in the management of inflammatory diseases. Another essential pleiotropic effect of β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors is their anti-inflammatory properties. Statins lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels while also inhibiting inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins including interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the severity index and other inflammatory markers in animals with colitis and to investigate the possible effects of atorvastatin on disease activity index and the inflammatory markers in experimentally induced colitis.

Materials and Methods:
Mice were given acetic acid to induce colitis. For 7 days, mice were divided into four groups (control group, induction group, standard group treated with prednisolone, and atorvastatin-treated group) and monitored daily for weight loss, feces consistency, and rectum bleeding for measuring the disease activity index. At last, we killed the animals and took blood samples for IL-6.

Results:
Acetic acid caused significant colonic inflammatory response and shrinking, as well as a reduction in body weight. The use of atorvastatin to treat acetic acid-induced colitis resulted in weight-loss recovery and decrease in expression concentration of IL-6 in the treated group compared with the colitis group when using in high dose.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that atorvastatin preserves intestinal integrity in colitis, most likely by modifying the Th cell-mediated immune response independently of innate immunity.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cancer in Pleural Effusion: A Combination Serum Tumor Markers and Cytology
Authors: Mahdi Ammar Eesa , Alkafaji Haider Abdul Ridha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cytological examination of body effusion has an essential role in different tumor staging and research of malignancy.

Objectives:
It is to study the diagnostic effect of serum tumor markers in differentiation between benign and malignant pleural effusion.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective research was done on 39 patients (28 male and 11 female with an age range of 50–77 years old). All samples undergo diagnostic thoracocentesis. The cutoff values of serum tumor markers (CEA < 5 ng/mL; CA125 <35 U/mL; CA19-9 < 37 U/mL; and CA15-3 < 31 U/mL).

Results:
Thirty-nine cases, resulting in 26 (67%) benign pleural effusions and 13 (33%) malignant pleural effusions, mean ± SD of age was higher malignant pleural effusion than benign type. The sensitivity of cytology was 33%. Malignant pleural effusion tended to have higher serum marker tumor concentrations. A comparison association between benign and malignant pleural effusion revealed statistically significant only in CEA. Most areas under the curve had moderate values that ranged between 0.6 for CA125, CA15.3, and other combined tumor markers, except for CEA, which had a good AUC (0.799). The best efficacy of a single tumor marker is CEA with a cutoff value of 2.05 ng/mL; at this cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 69.2%, 88.5%, and 82.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Single serum tumor markers showed moderate sensitivity and low specificity; their combination does not result in to increase level of sensitivity and specificity to a good and dependent level for diagnosis of the malignant pleural effusion. Cytology and serum tumor markers have aided role in diagnosis. Thoracoscopy and pleural biopsy remain dependent diagnostic tools for malignant pleural effusion.