bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accountability, entitlement, tenure, and satisfaction in Generation Y
Authors: Laird Mary Dana , Harvey Paul , Lancaster Jami 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– Given the entitlement and job mobility associated with Generation Y, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of psychological entitlement and tenure on the felt accountability-job satisfaction relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey data from a sample of resident assistants were examined using hierarchical moderated regression analysis.

Findings
– Entitled employees responded to accountability favorably, demonstrating lower job satisfaction than non-entitled employees when accountability was low, but nearly equal levels when accountability was high. All participants reported higher job satisfaction when job tenure was lower, but entitlement-driven satisfaction differences were observed only when accountability was low.

Research limitations/implications
– Cross-sectional data warrants longitudinal replication to establish causation and to give insight into how much time must pass before accountability begins to reduce the negative effects of entitlement.

Practical implications
– Findings suggest that managerial tactics that increase employees’ felt accountability could reduce the negative impact of psychological entitlement on job attitudes and related outcomes.

Originality/value
– Using a unique sample of Generation Y employees, the results provide an indication of how supervisors from earlier generations can improve the workplace attitudes of younger workers.
The basic determinants of perceived increase in violent, sexual and benefit fraud crimes
Authors: Fijwala Shivam , Palasinski Marek , Shortland Neil 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– Given that how crimes are perceived by the general public influences their sense of community safety, police priorities and offending behaviour, and in light of little, if any at all, attention being paid to the determinants of such perception, the purpose of this paper is to examine their predictive value.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 150 English participants with diverse backgrounds (78 males and 72 females – mean age:M=24.3; SD=5.44) completed surveys on their perceived increase in violent, sexual and benefit fraud crimes, taking into account theoretically and empirically underpinned factors, like age, income, number of days unemployed in the last three years, number of years spent in formal education and machiavellianism.Findings– The multiple regression results suggest that participants with less formal education and less income were more likely to see a rise in violent crime. They also suggest that participants with less formal education and longer history of recent unemployment were more likely to see a rise in sexual crime. It turned out, however, that the recent history of unemployment was not a significant predictor of the perceived rise in benefit fraud – only a high machiavellianism score was.Research limitations/implications– This quantitative research paints a complex picture that could be complemented by follow-on qualitative studies.Practical implications– The overarching message from this relatively modest study, therefore, which is part of a much larger and more complex ongoing research project, is to inform the public on crime in approachable and mass data-driven ways rather than leaving this to sensation-driven and selective scenario-focused media.Social implications– Increasing people's sense of community safety is likely to improve their general well-being, community cohesion and trust in others without necessarily inclining them to take personal risks and falling victim to crime due to ignorance and gullibility. This, in turn, might help guide crime prevention strategies and contribute to the actual reduction in crime levels and safer communities.Originality/value– Not only does this article offer insight into people's perception of different crimes, addressing an important and neglected research deficit, but is also cautiously proposes the need for more professional education of the public about crime figures.
Triage: line or nets? Early intervention and the youth justice system
Authors: Soppitt Sarah , Irving Adele 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a discussion of the value of early diversion schemes, underpinned by the principles of restorative justice (RJ), for First Time Entrants (FTEs) into the criminal justice system (CJS).Design/methodology/approach– The paper focuses specifically on the findings of a 12-month study into the introduction of “Triage” by one Youth Offending Team (YOT) in the northeast of England.Findings– Re-offending data suggested that Triage is more effective in reducing re-offending than conventional justice practices, due to the restorative nature of the scheme. However, the qualitative data raised a number of issues, particularly relating to problems of “net-widening” and the impact of recording processes on young people's desistance, as well as the role of victim engagement in the process. These issues could undermine the long-term effectiveness of Triage and its successful application within other youth justice contexts.Originality/value– The paper aims to contribute further understanding regarding the impacts of RJ practices on reducing re-offending compared to traditional processes, and in particular, consider the role of implementation issues in the production of outcomes and impacts.
Disorderly analysis: how might we best understand the riots in August 2011?
Authors: Creaney Sean 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The general consensus amongst policy makers regarding the causal explanations for the involvement of young people in the August Riots of 2011 seems to have centred on “mindless criminality” and “thuggery”. These explanations have tended to be quite one dimensional where complexity has been avoided in favour of simplicity. Issues of structural inequality, poverty and social injustice appeared to be negated by political figures in favour of an emphasis on neo-liberal, individualistic explanations and solutions. Understanding that there have been very different interpretations of the riots, where some have come to very different opinions from the same data, the purpose of this paper is to revisit the causes and meanings of the rioting that took place over a five-day period in August 2011. Second by drawing on social democratic perspectives the paper stipulates several factors that if not dealt with may give rise to future rioting.Design/methodology/approach– The paper takes the form of a conceptual analysis. I draw on the work of a number of key academics and commentators to enrich the analysis.Findings– Within the paper it is argued that the policies that emanate from neo-liberal political ideologies have impacted disproportionately on working class children and young people. More specifically the paper finds that problems experienced are deemed to be the responsibility of the individual, side-lining the influence of ecological and socio-economic factors.Originality/value– In the light of the criticisms of neo-liberalistic approaches, social democratic perspectives are drawn upon in order to consider new ways of approaching the issues facing children and young people within contemporary society. Such perspectives are concerned with addressing structural inequality, poverty and social injustice.
The ‐A2518G polymorphism in the MCP‐1 gene and inflammatory bowel disease risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yu Wen , Yang Ci Qiu , Xiao Ying Lian , Li Jie , Xie Chen Xi , Zhang Sheng Hong , Yu Qiao , Wang Hui Ling , Lu Wei Ming , Chen Min Hu 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThe monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) ‐A2518G gene polymorphism has been found to be involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the results of existing studies are controversial. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to assess the relationship between the MCP‐1 ‐A2518G polymorphism and the risk of IBD.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for studies assessing the relationship between the ‐A2518G polymorphism in MCP‐1 gene and the risk of IBD. Available data were extracted and statistically analyzed using STATA 12.0.ResultsA total of five publications involving 3137 individuals (1818 IBD cases and 1319 controls) were included in the meta‐analysis. A combined analysis revealed that the MCP‐1 ‐A2518G polymorphism in was a protective factor for GG + AG vs AA (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.87, P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that among European patients the AG + GG homozygote, unlike the AA homozygote, had a protective effect against IBD (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.84, P = 0.000), but did not do so among Asian and African patients. Subgroup analysis by disease subtype suggested the ‐A2518G polymorphism in MCP‐1 had a protective effect against Crohn's disease (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58–0.81, P = 0.000), but not against ulcerative colitis.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggested that the ‐A2518G polymorphism in MCP‐1 may be a protective factor for IBD in European populations. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Giant mediastinal thymolipoma in a patient with Gardner's syndrome
Authors: Pei Guotian , Han Yi , Zhou Shijie , Liu Zhidong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGardner's syndrome is a hereditary disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant with high penetrance and variable expression that is caused by a mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. It is characterized by gastrointestinal polyps associated with multiple osteomas, dental anomalies, and skin and soft tissue tumors. We present a case of 30‐year‐old female patient with Gardner's syndrome who presented with a giant mediastinal thymolipoma. The tumor was completely excised through a bilateral posterolateral thoracotomy. There was no recurrence after 20 months of follow‐up. We therefore suggest that physicians who regularly treat patients with Gardner's syndrome carefully examine for thoracic manifestations.
Binge‐Like Consumption of Ethanol and Other Salient Reinforcers is Blocked by Orexin‐1 Receptor Inhibition and Leads to a Reduction of Hypothalamic Orexin Immunoreactivity
Authors: Olney Jeffrey J. , Navarro Montserrat , Thiele Todd E. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundOrexin (OX) neurons originating in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) are ideally positioned to modulate reward processing as they form connections with several key brain regions known to be involved in the reward pathway. Consistent with these findings, a growing number of studies have implicated the OX system in modulating the rewarding properties of several drugs of abuse, including ethanol (EtOH). However, the role of the OX system in excessive binge‐like EtOH intake remains relatively unexplored. Here, we assessed changes in OX immunoreactivity (IR) in the hypothalamus following repeated cycles of binge‐like EtOH drinking and assessed the participation of the OX‐1 receptor (OX1R) in binge‐like EtOH consumption.MethodsThe drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) paradigm was used to model binge‐like EtOH drinking in male C57BL/6J mice. In the first experiment, mice experienced 1 or 3 cycles of binge‐like EtOH or sucrose drinking with DID procedures to assess changes in OX IR in distinct subregions of the hypothalamus. Subsequent experiments examined binge‐like EtOH and saccharin drinking following peripheral injections of 0.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg SB‐334867 (SB), a selective OX1R antagonist. Finally, mice were given peripheral injections of SB and open‐field locomotor activity was measured.ResultsRelative to water drinking controls, binge‐like consumption of EtOH and sucrose resulted in a marked reduction in OX IR in the LH. Inhibition of the OX1R via SB blunted EtOH and saccharin drinking, but did not alter open‐field locomotor activity.ConclusionsOur observed reduction in OX IR in the LH indicates that the OX system in engaged during binge‐like consumption of EtOH and sucrose. The observation that inhibition of the OX1R signaling blunted binge‐like EtOH, and saccharin drinking suggests that reward‐related OX circuits originating in the LH participate in the consumption of salient reinforcers regardless of calories.
Basal Anxiety Negatively Correlates with Vulnerability to Ethanol‐Induced Behavioral Sensitization in DBA/2J Mice: Modulation by Diazepam
Authors: Botia Béatrice , Legastelois Rémi , Houchi Hakim , Naassila Mickaël 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundAnxiety disorders predispose individuals to the development of alcohol dependence in humans. Surprisingly, whether anxiety is a trait influencing the development of alcohol‐related behaviors in rodents remains controversial. Here, we addressed the hypothesis of a relationship between basal anxiety levels and the development of ethanol (EtOH)‐induced behavioral sensitization (EIBS), a model of neuroadaptations occurring after repeated EtOH exposure which is proposed to play a role in early and recurring steps of addiction.MethodsEtOH‐naïve DBA/2J mice were submitted to the elevated plus maze and light/dark box tests to evaluate their basal anxiety levels. Then, mice received daily intraperitoneal injection of saline or 2 g/kg EtOH for 10 days and locomotor activity was immediately monitored. Mice were then split into resistant and sensitized phenotypes based on their increase in locomotion. The relationship between basal anxiety and the development of sensitization was investigated. In addition, we tested the effect of an 8‐day‐long treatment with 4 mg/kg diazepam, a broad‐spectrum benzodiazepine anxiolytic, on the expression of sensitization in both resistant and sensitized mice.ResultsFor the first time, we showed that vulnerability to EIBS is negatively correlated with basal anxiety. Moreover, a diazepam treatment during EIBS procedure increased EtOH‐induced hyperlocomotion of resistant mice after 1 week of withdrawal (but not immediately after) without any effect in the group of sensitized mice.ConclusionsThis study shows that, in mice, basal anxiety predicts the vulnerability to EIBS. Mice exhibiting low basal anxiety will develop higher EIBS than mice with elevated anxiety levels. Modulation of anxiety by a diazepam treatment during the development of EIBS enhances its expression after 1 week postinduction. Altogether, we demonstrated an inverse relationship between basal anxiety‐like behaviors and EIBS vulnerability and that resistance to EIBS vanishes after anxiolytic treatment.
Extended Release Naltrexone for Alcohol Use Disorders: Quasi‐Experimental Effects on Mortality and Subsequent Detoxification Episodes
Authors: Harris Alex H. S. , Bowe Thomas , Del Re Aaron C. , Finlay Andrea K. , Oliva Elizabeth , Myrick Hugh L. , Rubinsky Anna D. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundUtilization of extended release naltrexone (XRN) for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has been limited, perhaps due to high cost, lack of established superiority over less expensive alternatives including oral naltrexone, and related formulary restrictions. Despite these barriers, pockets of higher utilization exist in VHA, allowing for the quasi‐experimental examination of the effects of XRN on 1‐year mortality and number of subsequent detoxification episodes among patients with high rates of psychiatric comorbidities and previous psychosocial and pharmacological addiction treatment.MethodsUsing propensity score‐weighted mixed‐effects logistic regression, 1‐year mortality was compared between patients with AUDs who received XRN in fiscal year 2010 (n = 387) and a random sample of patients with AUDs who did not receive XRN (n = 3,759). Among the subgroup of patients who had at least 1 detoxification episode in the previous year, 1‐year mortality and number of subsequent detoxification episodes were compared between those who did and did not receive XRN.ResultsOverall, 1‐year mortality for the patients receiving XRN was significantly lower than for the comparison group who did not receive XRN (odds ratio [OR] = 0.30; p < 0.001). Among patients with a detoxification episode in the previous year, those receiving XRN had, on average, 0.80 fewer subsequent detoxification episodes (p < 0.001) and significantly lower mortality (OR = 0.78, p < 0.001) in the postindex year.ConclusionsAmong patients with AUDs, those receiving XRN had lower 1‐year mortality and fewer detoxifications compared to similar patients not receiving XRN. These results, although observational, support the use of XRN, especially among patients with high rates of psychiatric comorbidities and previous addiction treatment who are still struggling with AUDs and/or facing a period of vulnerability to relapse.
Differential Effects of Ethanol on Bid, tBid, and Bax:tBid Interactions in Postnatal Day 4 and Postnatal Day 7 Rat Cerebellum
Authors: Heaton Marieta B. , Paiva Michael , Kubovec Stacey 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundExposure to ethanol (EtOH) during central nervous system (CNS) development can lead to a wide array of neuroanatomical, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities, broadly subsumed under the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder classification. One mode of EtOH‐induced interference in the normal developmental program appears to be through induction of apoptotic processes mediated by the Bcl‐2 family of survival‐regulatory proteins. The present series of studies investigated the role of the Bcl‐2‐related, pro‐apoptotic Bid protein, and its truncated, apoptotically active fragment, tBid, in developmental EtOH neurotoxicity.MethodsProtein analyses were made via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in neonatal rat cerebellum, of basal Bid, and of Bid and tBid, following EtOH exposure via vapor inhalation, at an age of peak EtOH sensitivity in this region (postnatal day 4 [P4]) and a later age of relative resistance (P7). ELISA analyses were also made of Bax:tBid heterodimers, a process which activates Bax, essential for its apoptotic functioning. Finally, in vitro assessments of the importance of tBid to EtOH neurotoxicity were made in cultured cerebellar granule cells, using a specific tBid inhibitor.ResultsBasal levels of Bid were higher at P4 compared to P7, possibly contributing to the differential sensitivity. EtOH exposure elicited further increases in cytosolic Bid and mitochondrial tBid when administration was at P4, but not at P7. Bax:tBid heterodimers were markedly increased by EtOH exposure on P4, an increase which persisted even 2 hours after termination of treatment. Similar effects were not seen at P7. The in vitro analyses revealed that tBid inhibition provided complete protection against EtOH‐induced cell death and depressed EtOH‐mediated cytochrome‐c release.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Bid/tBid may be important elements in EtOH‐mediated neurotoxicity during CNS development. The molecular processes and interactions revealed may represent critical points which can be targeted in studies concerned with designing possible therapeutic strategies for minimizing these devastative effects.
Sexual and contraceptive behavior among female university students in Sweden – repeated surveys over a 25‐year period
Authors: Stenhammar Christina , Ehrsson Ylva Tiblom , Åkerud Helena , Larsson Margareta , Tydén Tanja 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo study female students’ sexual and contraceptive behavior and compare these results with earlier surveys.DesignComparative, repeated cross‐sectional surveys, started in 1989 and repeated every fifth year.SettingContraceptive counseling delivered at a Student Health Center in Sweden.PopulationFemale university students (n = 359).MethodsMultiple‐choice waiting‐room questionnaire.Main outcome measuresSexual and contraceptive behavior.ResultsIn 1989, age at first intercourse was 17.6 years vs. 16.7 years in 2014, number of lifetime sexual partners was 4.0 vs. 12.1 in 2014, and number of sexual partners during the previous 12 months was 1.0 vs. 2.8 in 2014. Condom use during first intercourse with the latest partner decreased from 49% to 41% (n = 172 in 2009 vs. n = 148 in 2014: p < 0.001), and experience of anal sex increased from 39% to 46% (n = 136 in 2009 vs. n = 165 in 2014: p = 0.038), and 25% (n = 41 in 2014) always used a condom during anal sex. A total of 70% (n = 251) made use of pornography, and 48% (n = 121) considered their sexual behavior affected by pornography. Eighty‐nine percent (n = 291) wanted two to three children and 9% (n = 33) had thought about freezing eggs for the future. The female students’ knowledge about increasing age being correlated with decreased fertility varied.ConclusionsSexual behavior among female university students has gradually changed during the last 25 years and behavior appears more risky today. As this may have consequences on future reproductive health, it is vital to inform women about consistent and correct condom use and about the limitations of the fertile window.
Validity of the temporal‐to‐nasal macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness ratio as a diagnostic parameter in early glaucoma
Authors: Park Jung‐Won , Jung Hyun‐Ho , Heo Hwan , Park Sang‐Woo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic validity of temporal‐to‐nasal macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness (TNM) ratio using Cirrus high definition‐optical coherence tomography (HD‐OCT) in patients with early glaucomatous damage.MethodsEnrolled participants included 130 normal controls, 50 patients with preperimetric glaucoma and 106 patients with early glaucoma. The patients with early glaucoma were classified into two subgroups according to the pattern of the visual field (VF) defects: the paracentral scotoma (PCS,n = 54) and the peripheral scotoma (PPS,n = 52). The thickness of the macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) was measured by CirrusHD‐OCT, and the average, superior and inferiorTNMratio was calculated. The averageTNMratio is a sum of superotemporal and inferotemporalmGCIPLthicknesses divided by the sum of superonasal and inferonasalmGCIPLthicknesses. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) of each parameter was compared between the groups.ResultsThe parameter with the bestAROCwas the averageTNMratio and inferotemporalmGCIPLthickness in thePCSgroup and average cpRNFLthickness in thePPSgroup. TheAROCs of the average, superior and inferiorTNMratio (p < 0.001, p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively), minimum, average, inferotemporal and inferiormGCIPLthickness (p = 0.004, p = 0.003, p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) of thePCSwere significantly higher than those of thePPS. However, theAROCs of the all cpRNFLthickness parameters did not show statistically significant differences between two subgroups.ConclusionAsymmetry of temporal‐to‐nasalmGCIPLthickness could be an important parameter in the diagnosis of early glaucoma with paracentralVFdefects.