bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enigma of solitary necrotic nodule of the liver
Authors: Pananwala Hasitha , Pang Tony C. , Eckstein Robert P. , Hudson Bernard J. , Newey Allison , Samra Jaswinder S. , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundSolitary necrotic nodule of the liver (SNNL) is a rare benign lesion with an uncertain aetiology. There are no typical diagnostic clinical or radiological features, and this lesion is usually detected incidentally during imaging for other purposes.MethodsWe describe the clinical and radiological findings in three patients with histologically confirmed SNNL. The pertinent presenting features were documented and subsequent serological testing for parasites was performed.ResultsAll three patients underwent resection because it was not possible to exclude a solitary malignancy on preoperative imaging. All three nodules had a serpiginous shape with areas of necrosis that showed marked staining for eosinophil granules. However, no viable parasites were seen in any specimen. There were no specific radiological features that were present in all three patients. Two patients had travelled to areas where parasitic infections are endemic and one patient had an eosinophilia on presentation. The histopathological findings in conjunction with the clinical presentation suggest that SNNL may be parasitic in origin.ConclusionThe diagnosis of SNNL is usually made after surgical excision. A preoperative diagnosis is difficult to make even with the use of multiple imaging modalities. The clinical and histopathological findings described in our three patients suggest that a transient parasitic infection is likely to be the cause in many cases. A history of potential exposure to parasites and serological testing for an eosinophilia or parasitic antibodies may help make the diagnosis of SNNL without the need for resection.
How should children with speech sound disorders be classified? A review and critical evaluation of current classification systems
Authors: Waring R. , Knight R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundChildren with speech sound disorders (SSD) form a heterogeneous group who differ in terms of the severity of their condition, underlying cause, speech errors, involvement of other aspects of the linguistic system and treatment response. To date there is no universal and agreed‐upon classification system. Instead, a number of theoretically differing classification systems have been proposed based on either an aetiological (medical) approach, a descriptive–linguistic approach or a processing approach.AimsTo describe and review the supporting evidence, and to provide a critical evaluation of the current childhood SSD classification systems.Methods & ProceduresDescriptions of the major specific approaches to classification are reviewed and research papers supporting the reliability and validity of the systems are evaluated.Main ContributionThree specific paediatric SSD classification systems; the aetiologic‐based Speech Disorders Classification System, the descriptive–linguistic Differential Diagnosis system, and the processing‐based Psycholinguistic Framework are identified as potentially useful in classifying children with SSD into homogeneous subgroups. The Differential Diagnosis system has a growing body of empirical support from clinical population studies, across language error pattern studies and treatment efficacy studies. The Speech Disorders Classification System is currently a research tool with eight proposed subgroups. The Psycholinguistic Framework is a potential bridge to linking cause and surface level speech errors.Conclusions & ImplicationsThere is a need for a universally agreed‐upon classification system that is useful to clinicians and researchers. The resulting classification system needs to be robust, reliable and valid. A universal classification system would allow for improved tailoring of treatments to subgroups of SSD which may, in turn, lead to improved treatment efficacy.
Filling the gaps: the need for more research on portion size of pre‐packaged foods and intake behaviour
Authors: Arnold H. , Hackett R. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe portion size of pre‐packaged food and drink products is one of the suggested areas of focus within the calorie reduction pledge of the UK government's Public Health Responsibility Deal. Food businesses are encouraged to commit to this pledge to help consumers decrease their overall energy intake. There is a lack of evidence, however, to suggest that changes in the portion size of pre‐packaged food and drinks will lead to a decrease in overall energy intake.The Institute of Grocery Distribution's (IGD) Industry Nutrition Strategy Group convened a working group to review the evidence available on the portion size of pre‐packaged food and drink and its relation to consumption behaviour. This involved input from a stakeholder workshop that identified gaps in the evidence base. The working group also documented informal aspects that can influence portion size from the perspective of the food industry.In their Report, the working group concluded that there is a need for more evidence in relation to the portion size of pre‐packaged food and drink and its impact on consumption behaviour. Further research will help determine how portion sizes may be optimised to support consumers in managing their energy intake, while satisfying appetite and avoiding any unintended consequences. The Report makes recommendations for priority areas. These include determining whether portion size of pre‐packaged products is the best instrument to help consumers manage their energy intake and understanding the impact of promotional dynamics on consumption behaviour.It is anticipated that investigation of these areas will inform the debate on the portion size of pre‐packaged foods and drinks and provide evidence to help guide decisions about portion size in practice.
An overview of the SATIN project
Authors: Johnstone A.M. , Gonzalez R. R. , Harrold J. 
Published: November 2012

SummarySATIN, or SATiety INnovation, is a 5‐year European‐funded research project to develop and test new food products with satiating qualities to help control appetite, manage weight and combat obesity. It is a €6 million Framework 7 project funded by the European Commission, designed to develop foods that regulate appetite by reducing hunger, accelerating within‐meal satiation and enhancing between meal satiety. The SATIN project employs novel food processing methods to modify food structure to produce functional foods for weight management. This article provides a useful summary of the work plans and describes how industry and academia will work together to produce products ready to commercialise and with proven consumer benefits. The SATIN project involves seven small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises, four industry and seven academic partners. SATIN will also seek to educate consumers and other stakeholders about satiety to optimise the impact of weight management outcomes.
An overview of the role of rice in the UK diet
Authors: Schenker S. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryRice is a staple food for over half of the world's population. Eighty percent of the British population buy rice, predominantly white rice, with the average person consuming approximately 5.6 kg per year. Rice consumption in the UK is expected to increase slightly, as a result of the growing ethnic population and food diversification. Starchy foods such as rice, potatoes, bread and cereals are our main source of carbohydrate and play an important role in a healthy diet. As well as providing energy, rice contains other essential nutrients such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin E, zinc, potassium, iron and fibre. On cooking, rice swells to at least three times its original weight and therefore benefits from a low‐energy density compared to other starchy carbohydrate foods (e.g. bread), as well as a low‐sodium content (unless salt is added to rice products). It has a low allergenicity and is relatively easy to digest, making it a useful food for early weaning or during convalescence.The Department of Health encourage the selection of wholegrain versions of starchy carbohydrate foods as these are higher in fibre. Brown rice also has a higher proportion of important bioactive phytochemicals such as hemicelluloses and lignans with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties that may benefit health.Despite the common perception that starchy carbohydrate foods are ‘fattening’, diets containing rice have been shown to achieve weight loss in obese subjects, although greater weight reduction has been shown with mixed rice compared with white rice. Although the reported glycaemic index (GI) of different rice varieties is inconsistent, most types of rice are classified as low or medium ‘GI’ foods but this is influenced by cooking time, the degree of gelatinisation and rice type. While there are numerous studies that have examined the link between high‐carbohydrate intakes and risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, relatively few have investigated the role of rice specifically, particularly in western populations. In Asian populations in whom rice is a staple food, higher white rice consumption has been associated with elevated risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Some prospective cohort studies in the US have linked regular consumption of white rice with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas brown rice intake was associated with lower risk. These studies were however observational in nature and so cannot determine a ‘cause and effect’ relationship, whilst their findings may be subject to residual confounding. Future studies should consider potential differences of white rice varieties, which vary in amylose content, as well as the effect of processing methods.
Learning from a new learning landscape: Visualisation of location sensing data in the Augustine House Experiment
Authors: Peng Chengzhi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFunded by the UK JISC Institutional Innovation Programme, the Augustine House Experiment sets out to investigate how the location sensing data collected over students’ uses of the iBorrow notebooks can be visualised to reveal aspects of the new learning landscape during a 1‐week sensing period. Indoor real‐time location sensing technologies are considered new tools for collecting quantitative evidence in search of emerging patterns of occupation and uses of the learning spaces. The experiment centred on testing a novel data visualisation method designed to render the location sensing and associated user data sets with reference to three‐dimensional (3D) virtual architectural models of the Augustine House. The hypothesis is that an overlay of the iBorrow notebooks tracking data collated with student user data on the 3D virtual architectural models could facilitate a better intuitive grasp of the learning landscape. Questions and lessons are drawn from this experiment regarding how indoor location sensing, learning space user data collection and interactive architectural modelling can be synthesized into a credible research apparatus applicable to longer‐term post‐occupancy evaluation of new learning spaces.
Education undergraduates and ICT‐enhanced academic dishonesty: A moral panic?
Authors: Byrne Kevin , Trushell John 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper reports an illuminative small‐scale study that trialled a survey instrument with 55 final‐year undergraduates categorised by age. The survey investigated students' use of information and communication technologies (ICT), including the Internet, and students' engagement in lecturer impressing strategies and cheating behaviours such as plagiarism. The study disclosed differences in ICT usage by age, but these differences did not achieve significance. The study disclosed also that 0.27 of the sample had reported a single instance of cheating behaviours while 0.2 of the sample had reported multiple instances of cheating behaviours. Analyses of data discerned no significant correlations between these cheating behaviours and age or ICT capability, but significant negative correlations were found between cheating behaviours and engagement in certain Internet activities. Inferences are tentatively drawn for further research and for academic practices.
Pension Wealth Uncertainty
Authors: Guiso Luigi , Jappelli Tullio , Padula Mario 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing a representative sample of Italian investors, we measure the uncertainty of social security benefits by eliciting for each individual the subjective distribution of the replacement rate as a summary indicator of pension uncertainty. We find that pension uncertainty varies across individuals in a way that is consistent with what one would expect a priori, given different information sets and pension schemes. In particular, individuals who are a long way from retirement, and thus face more career uncertainty, report more subjective pension uncertainty. Since expectations reveal information about people's understanding of pension reforms, our findings suggest that they should also be an important determinant of how people respond to reforms.
Evaluating a combined (frequency and percentage) risk expression to communicate information on medicine side effects to patients
Authors: Knapp Peter , Gardner Peter , McMillan Brian , Raynor David K , Woolf Elizabeth 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The study evaluated the interpretation of, and preferences for, numerical information on side-effect incidence when presented in three different formats.

Methods
It used a controlled design, with participants allocated at random to receive one of the three formats. Participants were recruited via a pop-up window on the CancerHelp UK website. The sample comprised 129 website users, of whom 96% were women and 86% had cancer, who received frequency information on four side effects of tamoxifen, using one of three risk expressions (percentages, e.g. ‘affects 25% of people’; frequencies, e.g. ‘affects 1 in 4 people’; combined, e.g. ‘affects 1 in 4 people (25%)’). They then interpreted information on tamoxifen and its effect on health, and estimates of side-effect frequency, and then stated a preference from the three risk expression formats.

Key findings
The results showed that the three formats did not influence participants’ ratings of the information or their side-effect estimates. However, more than half (53%) the participants preferred the combined (frequency and percentage) format. In conclusion, a combined risk expression format performed no worse than percentages or frequencies alone and was preferred by a majority.

Conclusions
The three risk expression formats did not differ in their effect on participants’ interpretations. However, the preferred format was the combined (frequency and percentage) risk expression.
Efficiency Enhancement of Bredigite‐Structure Ca14Mg2[SiO4]8:Eu2+ Phosphor via Partial Nitridation for Solid‐State Lighting Applications
Authors: Lee Kyoung Hwa , Im Won Bin 
Published: November 2012

We have synthesized a partially nitridated Ca13.7Eu0.3Mg2Si8O32 (CMSN:Eu2+) using Si3N4 with a conventional solid‐state reaction and successfully determined the structural parameters by a combined Rietveld refinement method. The partial nitridation of Ca13.7Eu0.3Mg2Si8O32 (CMS:Eu2+) led to a large enhancement in the luminescence intensity, as much as 148%. From the Rietveld refinement results, the anisotropic changes of the lattice parameters were observed for the partially nitridated samples. By incorporating this phosphor + red phosphor with an encapsulant on an InGaN light‐emitting diode (LED) (λmax = 395 nm), white light with a color rendering index of 92 and a color temperature of 5320 K under 20 mA was obtained.
Catheter Ablation of Left Ventricular Tachycardia Through Internal Jugular Vein: Refining the Continuous Line
Authors: HAN SEONGWOOK , PARK HYUNG‐WOOK , LEE YOUNG SOO , WANG DAVID C. , HWANG CHUN 
Published: November 2012

VT Ablation Through Internal Jugular VeinA retrograde approach to the left ventricle (LV) from the femoral artery is most commonly used for left ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. However, as the patient population gets older, the prevalence of peripheral vascular disease and aortic valve disease increases, hampering the retrograde access to the LV, which may result in significant technical difficulties. The transseptal approach from the femoral vein is an alternative access to the LV. This approach has been effective for addressing LV VT originating from the posterior and posteroseptal region. However, the transseptal approach from the femoral vein is impossible if there are any obstacles in the inferior vena cava. There are also significant limitations in approaching the basal‐lateral region of the LV from this approach. We demonstrated the safety and feasibility of catheter ablation of LV VT via the transseptal approach from the right internal jugular vein. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 596–599, May 2013)
Prolonged Atrium Electromechanical Interval Is Associated with Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation
Authors: CHAO TZE‐FAN , LIN YENN‐JIANG , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , LO LI‐WEI , HU YU‐FENG , TUAN TA‐CHUAN , LI CHENG‐HUNG , CHANG HUNG‐YU , WU TSU‐JUEY , YU WEN‐CHUNG , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: November 2012

Electromechanical Interval and Strokes After Ablations of AF. Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of embolic stroke. Catheter ablation of AF provides an effective therapy for patients with symptomatic and drug‐refractory AF. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the atrial electromechanical interval is useful in identifying patients at risk of stroke after successful catheter ablation.
Methods and Results:
A total of 279 AF patients who received catheter ablation and showed no evidence of recurrences were enrolled. Electromechanical interval (PA–PDI) was determined as the time interval from the initiation of P wave deflection to the peak of mitral inflow A wave on pulse wave Doppler imaging. The PA–PDI interval was measured for each patient after the 3‐month blanking period of catheter ablation. The clinical endpoint was the occurrence of ischemic stroke. During the follow‐up of 46.5 ± 17.2 months, 6 patients suffered from ischemic strokes. Patients with strokes had higher CHA2DS2–VASc scores and longer PA–PDI intervals (138.7 ± 12.4 ms vs 161.2 ± 7.7 ms, P value < 0.001) compared to those without strokes. At a cutoff point of 150 ms identified by ROC curve, the positive and negative predictive values of the PA–PDI interval to predict stroke were 86.7% and 100%, respectively. The PA–PDI interval improved the predictive performance of the CHA2DS2–VASc score, and the area under the ROC curve increased from 0.75 to 0.85.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that the PA–PDI interval is a useful tool to identify patients with high risk of stroke after successful catheter ablation of AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 375‐380, April 2013)
Latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis in patients with psoriasis: a study on the incidence of tuberculosis and the prevalence of latent tuberculosis disease in patients with moderate–severe psoriasis in Spain. BIOBADADERM registry
Authors: Sánchez‐Moya A.I. , García‐Doval I. , Carretero G. , Sánchez‐Carazo J. , Ferrandiz C. , Herrera Ceballos E. , Alsina M. , Ferrán M. , López‐Estebaranz J.‐L. , Gómez‐García F. , De la Cueva Dobao P. , Carrascosa J.‐M. , Vanaclocha F. , Belinchón I. , Peral F. , Dauden E. ,   the BIOBADADERM Study Group
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction  The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) or the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in psoriasis patients has not been described in the Spanish population. We carried out a study with the objectives: (i) To describe the incidence of TB in patients with psoriasis on systemic treatment in the Spanish population; (ii) To determine the prevalence of LTBI in patients who are candidates for biological treatment; and (iii) To investigate the level of compliance with current recommendations for LTBI and TB screening.Methods  Data were obtained from BIOBADADERM (Spanish registry for systemic biological and non‐biological treatments in psoriasis). An analysis was performed of the exposed cohort to determine the prevalence of LTBI and to describe compliance with the screening guidelines.Results  A total of 1425 patients were registered in BIOBADADERM. They included 793 (56%) patients exposed to biological treatment and 632 (44%) treated with conventional systemic drug. Overall follow‐up was 3720 person‐years. Of the 793, 20.5% (163) were diagnosed with LTBI before starting biological treatment. The rate of active TB for the exposed cohort was 145 cases × 100 000 patient‐years (95% CI 54–389). No case of TB was found in the control group. Screening for LTBI was performed in 83% of the exposed sample.Conclusion  Patients with psoriasis who are exposed to biological treatment appear to be at greater risk for tuberculosis. In Spain, up to 20% of patients with psoriasis who are candidates for biological therapy have LTBI. There continues to be a significant percentage of errors in compliance with clinical guidelines.
Clinical practice guideline for an integrated approach to comorbidity in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Daudén E. , Castañeda S. , Suárez C. , García‐Campayo J. , Blasco A.J. , Aguilar M.D. , Ferrándiz C. , Puig L. , Sánchez‐Carazo J.L. ,   on behalf of the Working Group on Comorbidity in Psoriasis
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground  The relationship between psoriasis and associated diseases has drawn particular interest in recent years. To provide appropriate management of psoriasis from an early stage, it is necessary to include prompt diagnosis of concomitant disease and to prevent and treat any comorbidity found. Such an integrated approach also serves to ensure that the drugs used to treat associated diseases do not interfere with the management of psoriasis, and vice versa.Objective  To provide the dermatologist a guide focuses specifically on the diagnosis and management of the diseases most often found in patients with psoriasis.Methods  The selection of the diseases, and corresponding supporting research, to be included was based on a systematic review of the literature. The recommendations on diagnostic criteria are based on the main clinical practice guidelines for each of the diseases discussed as well as on the recommendations of a clinical expert advisory group. The information regarding the repercussions of psoriasis treatments on associated comorbid diseases was obtained from the summary of product characteristics of each drug. In turn, the statements concerning the impact of the associated diseases, and their treatment, on psoriasis are based on the review of the literature.Results  This guide is a precise, easy‐to‐use tool for systematizing the diagnosis of comorbidity in patients with psoriasis and facilitate decision making regarding referral and treatment of patients diagnosed with an associated disease.Conclusion  The application of this guide not only will benefit psoriasis patients’ health and quality of life but it will also optimize available resources.