bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestion intégrée des zones côtières et décentralisation
Authors: Doat Mathieu 
Published: December 2013

Penser l’articulation de la GIZC et de la décentralisation pose de nombreux problèmes. La gestion du littoral par sa nature « intégrée » déborde largement le territoire local qui apparaît trop étroit. Plus largement, la logique de la GIZC (planification, participation, subsidiarité) heurte les principes même de la décentralisation. Toutefois, et à l’inverse au regard des expériences concrètes, les territoires locaux apparaissent les mieux adaptés pour une mise en œuvre effective d’une gestion durable et responsable du littoral.
La GIZC et le développement touristique : enjeux d’un principe organisateur pour la durabilité des stations littorales atlantiques
Authors: Rimaud Marie-Noëlle , Piriou Jérôme 
Published: December 2013

Conscients de l’importance de l’activité touristique en zone littorale, des conflits d’usage, de la dégradation de l’environnement côtier et du nombre assez réduit de publications traitant du regard des acteurs touristiques vis-à-vis de la Gestion intégrée des zones côtières (GIZC), nous avons souhaité réaliser une étude exploratoire sur le sujet. Notre territoire d’étude porte sur le littoral atlantique un espace géographique cohérent, du fait des caractéristiques assez proches des régions étudiées. Nous avons interrogées quatre stations littorales et des acteurs locaux considérés comme représentatifs, car directement engagés dans la mise en œuvre de la GIZC. Aussi nous verrons dans cet article que l’attrait toujours croissant du littoral crée des situations de concentration voire « d’hyper fréquentation ». Pourtant, certains territoires se démarquent en appliquant une « dimension intégrée » d’aménagement et d’accueil touristique qui leur permet de gérer cette pression excessive. On peut mentionner : la gestion des pratiques au cœur d’espaces de coprésence au moyen d’arrêtés municipaux, mais également les sensibilisations à l’environnement inscrites dans un temps long, sans oublier la mise en place de nouveaux équipements de loisirs et de nouveaux services. On remarquera également que l’ensemble des acteurs interrogés est conscient de la nécessité d’une action plus importante à destination des touristes et met en place des dispositifs dans ce sens. Il apparait donc que les stations littorales atlantiques étudiées s’impliquent, mais que les parties prenantes en particulier les acteurs touristiques peinent à s’approprier une notion peut-être trop conceptuelle.
Les instruments de convergence régionale de la stratégie de Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières
Authors: Morvan Didier Le 
Published: December 2013

Le Rapport d’évaluation réalisé en 2006 pour la Commission européenne recommandait de « renforcer la dimension européenne de la Gestion intégrée des zones côtières (GIZC) en s’appuyant sur une approche par mers régionales ». Comment, dès lors, faire adhérer l’ensemble des États riverains d’une mer régionale à une même stratégie, en l’occurrence celle de la GIZC ? Comment promouvoir cette convergence stratégique régionale ? Dans quels cadres et avec quels instruments ?Après avoir identifié les vecteurs d’une certaine convergence planétaire et de la coopération intergouvernementale appliquée aux mers régionales, l’article met en évidence l’approche « mers régionales » de l’Union européenne à travers les instruments de sa politique maritime intégrée et de sa politique externe.
HTLV-1 bZIP Factor–Specific CD4 T Cell Responses in Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Patients after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Narita Tomoko , Ishida Takashi , Masaki Ayako , Suzuki Susumu , Ito Asahi , Mori Fumiko , Yamada Tomiko , Ri Masaki , Kusumoto Shigeru , Komatsu Hirokazu , Miyazaki Yasuhiko , Takatsuka Yoshifusa , Utsunomiya Atae , Niimi Akio , Iida Shinsuke , Ueda Ryuzo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We document human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) bZIP factor (HBZ)-specific CD4 T cell responses in an adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patient after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and identified a novel HLA-DRB1*15:01–restricted HBZ-derived naturally presented minimum epitope sequence, RRRAEKKAADVA (HBZ114–125). This peptide was also presented on HLA-DRB1*15:02, recognized by CD4 T cells. Notably, HBZ-specific CD4 T cell responses were only observed in ATL patients after allogeneic HCT (4 of 9 patients) and not in nontransplanted ATL patients (0 of 10 patients) or in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (0 of 10 carriers). In addition, in one acute-type patient, HBZ-specific CD4 T cell responses were absent in complete remission before HCT, but they became detectable after allogeneic HCT. We surmise that HTLV-1 transmission from mothers to infants through breast milk in early life induces tolerance to HBZ and results in insufficient HBZ-specific T cell responses in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers or ATL patients. In contrast, after allogeneic HCT, the reconstituted immune system from donor-derived cells can recognize virus protein HBZ as foreign, and HBZ-specific immune responses are provoked that contribute to the graft-versus-HTLV-1 effect.
A lagged response to the 11 year solar cycle in observed winter Atlantic/European weather patterns
Authors: Gray Lesley J. , Scaife Adam A. , Mitchell Daniel M. , Osprey Scott , Ineson Sarah , Hardiman Steven , Butchart Neal , Knight Jeff , Sutton Rowan , Kodera Kunihiko 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe surface response to 11 year solar cycle variations is investigated by analyzing the long‐term mean sea level pressure and sea surface temperature observations for the period 1870–2010. The analysis reveals a statistically significant 11 year solar signal over Europe, and the North Atlantic provided that the data are lagged by a few years. The delayed signal resembles the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) following a solar maximum. The corresponding sea surface temperature response is consistent with this. A similar analysis is performed on long‐term climate simulations from a coupled ocean‐atmosphere version of the Hadley Centre model that has an extended upper lid so that influences of solar variability via the stratosphere are well resolved. The model reproduces the positive NAO signal over the Atlantic/European sector, but the lag of the surface response is not well reproduced. Possible mechanisms for the lagged nature of the observed response are discussed.
A simple framework to estimate distributed soil temperature from discrete air temperature measurements in data‐scarce regions
Authors: Liang L. L. , Riveros‐Iregui D. A. , Emanuel R. E. , McGlynn B. L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSoil temperature is a key control on belowground chemical and biological processes. Typically, models of soil temperature are developed and validated for large geographic regions. However, modeling frameworks intended for higher spatial resolutions (much finer than 1 km2) are lacking across areas of complex topography. Here we propose a simple modeling framework for predicting distributed soil temperature at high temporal (i.e., 1 h steps) and spatial (i.e., 5 × 5 m) resolutions in mountainous terrain, based on a few discrete air temperature measurements. In this context, two steps were necessary to estimate the soil temperature. First, we applied the potential temperature equation to generate the air temperature distribution from a 5 m digital elevation model and Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation. Second, we applied a hybrid model to estimate the distribution of soil temperature based on the generated air temperature surfaces. Our results show that this approach simulated the spatial distribution of soil temperature well, with a root‐mean‐square error ranging from ~2.1 to 2.9°C. Furthermore, our approach predicted the daily and monthly variability of soil temperature well. The proposed framework can be applied to estimate the spatial variability of soil temperature in mountainous regions where direct observations are scarce.
Joint analysis of cloud top heights from CloudSat and CALIPSO: New insights into cloud top microphysics
Authors: Hagihara Yuichiro , Okamoto Hajime , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe examined the differences in the cloud top heights (CTHs) detected by the CloudSat radar and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar. Theoretical estimates have shown that CloudSat has higher sensitivity than CALIPSO does when large particles exist. In such case it might be possible that CloudSat‐determined CTHs are larger than CALIPSO‐determined CTHs. We compared the global distribution of CTHs detected by CloudSat and CALIPSO (version 3, V3) using our cloud mask schemes after carefully selecting data during September–November 2006. The global mean fraction of clouds where CloudSat‐determined CTHs were larger than CALIPSO‐determined CTHs turned out to be unexpectedly large. The fractions were 26% and 39% at low level and midlevel, and the corresponding CTH differences were 0.56 km and 0.86 km, respectively. On the western coasts of continents, these clouds occurred within temperature inversions. Accounting for the differences in sensitivity to particle size between CloudSat and CALIPSO, the existence of such clouds indicates that the cloud tops consist of large particles with small number concentration. The discovery of such clouds was revealed by our joint analysis of CloudSat and CALIPSO. When the standard vertical feature mask (VFM) V3 was used, these clouds were also found but the fractions were less pronounced. The differences were partly attributed to the overestimation of cloud fraction in the VFM V3, although the degree of misidentification in V3 was reduced compared with that of V2.
A practical scheme of the sigma‐point Kalman filter for high‐dimensional systems
Authors: Tang Youmin , Deng Ziwang , Manoj K. K. , Chen Dake 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhile applying a sigma‐point Kalman filter (SPKF) to a high‐dimensional system such as the oceanic general circulation model (OGCM), a major challenge is to reduce its heavy burden of storage memory and costly computation. In this study, we propose a new scheme for SPKF to address these issues. First, a reduced rank SPKF was introduced on the high‐dimensional model state space using the truncated single value decomposition (TSVD) method (T‐SPKF). Second, the relationship of SVDs between the model state space and a low‐dimensional ensemble space is used to construct sigma points on the ensemble space (ET‐SPKF). As such, this new scheme greatly reduces the demand of memory storage and computational cost and makes the SPKF method applicable to high‐dimensional systems. Two numerical models are used to test and validate the ET‐SPKF algorithm. The first model is the 40‐variable Lorenz model, which has been a test bed of new assimilation algorithms. The second model is a realistic OGCM for the assimilation of actual observations, including Argo and in situ observations over the Pacific Ocean. The experiments show that ET‐SPKF is computationally feasible for high‐dimensional systems and capable of precise analyses. In particular, for realistic oceanic assimilations, the ET‐SPKF algorithm can significantly improve oceanic analysis and improve ENSO prediction. A comparison between the ET‐SPKF algorithm and EnKF (ensemble Kalman filter) is also tribally conducted using the OGCM and actual observations.
In multiple sclerosis, oligoclonal bands connect to peripheral B‐cell responses
Authors: Bankoti Jaishree , Apeltsin Leonard , Hauser Stephen L. , Allen Simon , Albertolle Matthew E. , Witkowska H. Ewa , von Büdingen H.‐Christian 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo determine to what extent oligoclonal band (OCB) specificities are clonally interrelated and to what degree they are associated with corresponding B‐cell responses in the peripheral blood (PB) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsMass‐spectrometric proteomic analysis of isoelectric focused (IEF) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin G (IgG) was used in combination with next‐generation deep‐immune repertoire sequencing of PB and CSF IgG heavy chain variable regions from MS patients.ResultsWe find evidence for ongoing stimulation and maturation to antibody‐expressing B cells to occur primarily inside the central nervous system (CNS) compartment. B cells participating in OCB production can also be identified in PB; these cells appear to migrate across the blood–brain barrier and may also undergo further antigen stimulation in the periphery. In individual patients, different bands comprising OCBs are clonally related.InterpretationOur data provide a high‐resolution molecular analysis of OCBs and strongly support the concept that OCBs are not merely the terminal result of a targeted immune response in MS but represent a component of active B cell immunity that is dynamically supported on both sides of the blood‐brain barrier. Ann Neurol 2014;75:266–276
Capillary study on geometrical dependence of shear viscosity of polymer melts
Authors: Lin Xiang , Kelly Adrian , Woodhead Mike , Ren Dongyun , Wang Kuisheng , Coates Phil 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTGeometrical dependence of viscosity of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are studied by means of a twin‐bore capillary rheometer based on power‐law model. Contrary geometrical dependences of shear viscosity are observed for PMMA between 210 and 255°C, but similar geometrical dependences are revealed for HDPE between 190 and 260°C. The fact that wall slip can not successfully explain the irregular geometrical dependence of PMMA viscosity is found in this work. Then, pressure effect and dependence of fraction of free volume (FFV) on both pressure and temperature are proposed to be responsible for the geometrical dependence of capillary viscosity of polymers. The dependence of shear viscosity on applied pressure is first investigated based on the Barus equation. By introducing a shift factor, shear viscosity curves of PMMA measured under different pressures can be shifted onto a set of parallel plots by correcting the pressure effect and the less shear‐thinning then disappears, especially at high pressure. Meanwhile, the FFV and combining strength among molecular chains are evaluated for both samples based on molecular dynamics simulation, which implies that the irregular geometrical dependence of PMMA viscosity can not be attributed to the wall slip behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39982.
Safe amine based zinc dithiocarbamates for the vulcanization of carbon black reinforced natural rubber
Authors: Alam Md. Najib , Mandal Swapan Kumar , Roy Kumarjyoti , Debnath Subhas Chandra 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBinary combination of three safe amine based synthesized zinc dithiocarbamates (ZDC), namely zinc (N‐benzyl piperazino) dithiocarbamate (ZBPDC), zinc (N‐ethyl piperazino) dithiocarbamate (ZEPDC), and zinc (N‐phenyl piperazino) dithiocarbamate (ZPPDC) with mercapto benzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) as an effective accelerator system for the vulcanization of carbon black (N330, N550, and N774) filled natural rubber (NR) composites are studied. A comparison between the safe amine based zinc dithiocarbamates with the unsafe zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC) in the light of mechanical and aging resistance behavior, introduces the non carcinogenic rubber additives in the filled vulcanization of rubber. Both accelerator and filler have the major importance for improving the mechanical as well as aging resistance behavior of the resultant vulcanizate. Variation in the filler and also filler to oil ratio are done to optimize the mechanical properties. SEM studies of different types of filler with different amounts show that N330 at 30 phr loading composites forms more homogeneity and less aggregated structures. Natural rubber systems with N330 carbon black show the best results with respect to tensile strength, but after the aging N774 carbon black filled system indicates better retention in the tensile strength. ZPPDC‐MBTS accelerated vulcanizate shows the better age resistance behavior than ZDMC‐MBTS accelerated vulcanizate. From both the points of age resistance and mechanical properties, ZBPDC‐MBTS accelerator system is the suitable substitute for ZDMC‐MBTS accelerated system in the filled vulcanization of natural rubber composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39988.
Enhancement of stain‐induced crystallization in polylactide via thermal preannealing
Authors: Na Bing , Zhu Jie , Lv Ruihua , Zhang Peng , Liu Qingxian 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTStretching of amorphous polylactide above glass transition temperature can lead to strain‐induced crystallization, which is mainly determined by stretching rate and temperature. This study demonstrates that thermal annealing prior to stretching is alternative to enhance strain‐induced crystallization of a given polylactide at the identical stretching conditions. The local order generated during thermal annealing acts as physical crosslinks to effectively alleviate molecular relaxation and thus facilitates the advent of strain‐induced crystallization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39993.
Oxidation of γ‐irradiated microbial cellulose results in bioresorbable, highly conformable biomaterial
Authors: Czaja Wojciech , Kyryliouk Dmytro , DePaula C. Alex , Buechter Douglas D. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTConformability to tissues and adequate mechanical strength are clinically useful properties of resorbable biomaterials used in soft tissue repair. Microbially derived cellulose is attractive as a high strength, highly conformable, and biocompatible material for tissue repair, but is not naturally resorbable. Here we show that controlled oxidation of microbial cellulose sheets that have been pre‐irradiated with γ‐radiation results in a resorbable and fully conformable membrane that can be rapidly rehydrated in aqueous fluids. In vitro studies showed that degradation of the resorbable membranes occurs in two major phases: (1) initial rapid degradation of about 70–80% of the entire sample followed by (2) slower degradation of an additional 5–10% which eventually levels off leaving a small amount of nonresorbable material. In vivo, prototype materials showed marked degradation at all time points, with the most rapid degradation occurring in the first 2–4 weeks. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39995.
Silk‐inspired polyurethane containing glyalaglyala tetrapeptide. III. morphological, thermal, and mechanical features of electrosprayed and electrospun deposition
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhou Jiangang , Zuo Danying , Liu Xiuying , Gu Shaojin , Xu Weilin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMorphological, thermal, and mechanical features of electrosprayed and electrospun deposition of the silk‐inspired polyurethane (PU) containing GlycineAlanineGlycineAlanine (GlyAlaGlyAla, the featured peptide sequence of silkworm silk fibroin) tetrapeptide, which was synthesized by the traditional liquid‐phase peptide synthesis method and the classical two‐step polymerization method using Boc‐protected amino acids and diisocyanates as starting materials, were characterized. The results show that the synthesized silk‐inspired PU dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) can be easily electrosprayed or electrospun into the film form, although its molecular weight ranging from 13,000 to 15,000 is quite low. Elastomeric fibrous membranes with surface morphologies of “droplets,” “bead‐on‐string,” and “nonwoven fibers” have been obtained by electrospraying and electrospinning the silk‐inspired PU/THF solution of varying concentrations. The thermograms confirm high thermostability of the silk‐inspired PU between 350 and 400°C due to the polar peptide linkages. The tanδ peak of dynamic mechanical analysis curve corresponding to its glass transition temperatures is detected at −34.3°C. Its elongation at break is about 140–150%, and the breaking tensile strength ranges from 22 to 27 MPa, which is consistent with the data of other PUs containing l‐alanine residue. Information provided by this study can be used to better understand the correlation between the natural and man‐made silk polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40245.
Crystallinity evolution of soft segments during the synthesis of polyester‐based waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Cao Gaohua , Xia Zhengbin , Lei Liang , Zhang Yanhong , Xing Junheng 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPolyester‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions having poly(ethylene glycol) adipate diol, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate as the main raw materials were synthesized by an acetone process. In each step of the synthesis process, the intermediate products were collected, and the crystallization morphologies and relative crystallinity (X) of the soft segments (SSs) in their films were investigated by means of polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The fracture surfaces and thermostability of the intermediate films were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TGA, respectively. The results show that the crystalline dimensions of the SSs decreased substantially during the synthesis process of WPU. X of the SSs decreased after the prepolymerization reaction and increased after the hydrophilic chain‐extending reaction, then decreased after emulsification, and finally increased after the secondary chain‐extending reaction. Moreover, The SEM photos indicate that with decreasing crystalline dimensions, the fracture mechanisms of the intermediate films varied gradually from brittle failure to ductile fracture. The thermostability of the intermediates obtained in each step of the synthesis process was in accordance with the variation tendency of the X of the SSs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40270.
Type 2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor in gastric surface mucous cells: Possible implication of prostaglandin E2 production
Authors: Tanaka Tamotsu , Ohmoto Mayumi , Morito Katsuya , Kondo Hiroki , Urikura Mai , Satouchi Kiyoshi , Tokumura Akira 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that induces various cell responses via its specific receptors. Recently, we found that orally administered LPA and phosphatidic acid (PA) ameliorate stress‐ or aspirin‐induced stomach injury. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated yet. In this study, we examined effect of LPA on prostaglandin (PG) E2 production in MKN74 cells, a gastric cell‐line expressing type 2 LPA receptor (LPA2). When the cells were treated with LPA, the level of mRNA of COX‐2 but not COX‐1 was upregulated. The LPA effect was abolished when the cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX), suggesting the involvement of receptor(s) coupled with Gi. Pretreatment of MKN74 cells with LPA enhanced the PGE2 production triggered by calcium ionophore A23187. Again, PTX abolished the LPA effect. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry using an antibody against LPA2 showed that surface mucous cells (pit cells) in gastric mucosa of mice express LPA2 on the apical side of the plasma membrane. These results suggest that LPA in the diet or its digestion may contribute to the epithelial integrity of stomach mucosa by enhancement of PGE2 production via activation of LPA2. © 2013 BioFactors, 40(3):355–361, 2014