bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Coefficients "a" and "b" of the K-R Relationship for Accurate Measurement of Water Quantity Using Cellular Links in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bonkoungou Ratagskiégré Joseph , Doumounia Ali , Djibo Moumouni , Sanou Serge Roland , Zougmoré François 
Published: July 2024

Electromagnetic waves emitted between antennas interact with the atmosphere, undergoing absorption, scattering, and emission processes. Previous studies have shown that the relationship between specific attenuation (K) due to rain of these microwaves and the precipitation rate (R) can be modeled by an empirical power law. The coefficients "a" and "b" of this relationship, linking microwave signal attenuation to precipitation rate, vary depending on frequency, temperature, raindrop size distribution, and other parameters. Thus, it is crucial to obtain data adapted to specific geographical and environmental conditions for accurate rainfall rate assessment.
In this study, we determined for the first time in Burkina Faso, the values of "a" and "b" using data from a disdrometer installed in Nazinga. These Data were collected from October 1, 2016, to September 26, 2017, over a period of about one year. These values were used in the relationship to determine rainfall rates. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the different series of values of the rain is over 0.9. A comparison of the cumulative rainfall rates determined with the data from a rain gauge at Bobo Dioulasso airport was made. There is a perfect correlation between the values determined in Nazinga and those of Doumounia et al., 2019 with bias values ranging between -3,31 and 0.61 depending on the frequency value and its polarization. The discrepancy between the series of values and those of the rain gauge highlights the need to take local conditions into account when determining the values of "a" and "b" for a better determination of rainfall rates.
Seasonal Incidence of Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella) in Okra
Authors: Chaudhary Diplal , Chauhan Saroj , Kumar Ritesh , Singh Jatin Kumar 
Published: July 2024

The present investigation carried out during the Kharif season 2023 at Deeksha Bhawan Entomology Field, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, (Uttar Pradesh). During the investigation it has been revealed that the infestation of the shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella on shoots of okra commenced in the 4th week of August which gradually increased and peaked in the last week of September. The infestation of pests on fruits started in the last week of August which gradually increased and peaked in the 43rd standard metrological week. The correlation studies showed that the maximum temperature, minimum temperatures, relative humidity morning, and relative humidity evening had a non-significant positive correlation while rainfall showed a negative non-significant effect on shoot infestation. However, the infestation of E. vitella on fruits of okra showed a negative non-significant correlation with maximum temperature, relative humidity morning and rainfall while minimum temperature and relative humidity evening had a negative significant correlation.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Luliconazole Loaded Leciplex against Candidiasis
Authors: Telang Gaurirani Anil , Monde Ashish Ashok , Ashtekar Kiran Sadashiv , Bagul Uddhav Suresh 
Published: July 2024

Background: Fungal infections pose a significant public health concern due to the extended duration of treatment needed and the frequent reoccurrence of the disease.
Objectives: This study was aimed to enhance the permeability of luliconazole with sustain release for prolonged period for the effective treatment of fungal infection by incorporating it into lipid based nanocarrier system.
Methods: Luliconazole loaded leciplex were prepared by one step fabrication method using phospholipid, Dimethyldidodecyl ammonium bromide and transcutol P. The prepared leciplex were optimized by using Box Behnken statistical design. Furthermore, luliconazole loaded leciplex were incorporated into carbopol gel system and evaluated for various parameters.
Results: The luliconazole loaded leciplex showed high entrapment efficiency (98.8% ± 1.2) and size were recorded around 428.11 nm with a polydispersity index value of 0.35 ± 0.12, along with zeta potential of +26.30 mV. The Transmission Electron Microscopy studies revealed the spherical morphology of the leciplex. The developed leciplex gel was evaluated for its pH, viscosity, spreadability, hardness and adhesiveness. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo release kinetics demonstrated the sustained drug release pattern. Moreover, histopathology studies conducted on the rat skin revealed that the prepared formulation was non - irritant and non – toxic. The antifungal assay of developed formulations (containing only 0.3 % w/v luliconazole) showed significantly greater antifungal activity against Candida albicans as compared to marketed formulation (containing 1 % w/v luliconazole).
Conclusion: By taking all the results in to account it can be concluded that luliconazole loaded leciplex formulation is simple to prepare and showed excellent activity in against Candida albicans.
Surface energy budget of landfast sea ice during the transitions from winter to snowmelt and melt pond onset: The importance of net longwave radiation and cyclone forcings
Authors: Else B. G. T. , Papakyriakou T. N. , Raddatz R. , Galley R. J. , Mundy C. J. , Barber D. G. , Swystun K. , Rysgaard S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRelatively few sea ice energy balance studies have successfully captured the transition season of warming, snowmelt, and melt pond formation. In this paper, we report a surface energy budget for landfast sea ice that captures this important period. The study was conducted in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 10 May to 20 June 2010. Over the first 20 days of the study, we found that short periods (1–3 days) of increased net radiation associated with low longwave loss provided most of the energy required to warm the snowpack from winter conditions. An extended period of low longwave loss (5 days) combined with the seasonal increase in incoming shortwave radiation then triggered snowmelt onset. Melt progressed with a rapid reduction in albedo and attendant increases in shortwave energy absorption, resulting in melt pond formation 8 days later. The key role of longwave radiation in initiating melt onset supports past findings, and confirms the importance of clouds and water vapor associated with synoptic weather systems. However, we also observed a period of strong turbulent energy exchange associated with the passage of a cyclone. The cyclone event occurred shortly after melt pond formation, but it delivered enough energy to significantly hasten melt onset had it occurred earlier in the season. Changes in the frequency, duration, and timing of synoptic‐scale weather events that deliver clouds and/or strong turbulent heat fluxes may be important in explaining observed changes in sea ice melt onset timing.
Large plasma density enhancements occurring in the northern polar region during the 6 April 2000 superstorm
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe focus on the ionospheric response of northern high‐latitude region to the 6 April 2000 superstorm and aim to investigate how the storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume plasma became distributed in the regions of auroral zone and polar cap plus to study the resultant ionospheric features and their development. Multi‐instrument observational results combined with model‐generated, two‐cell convection maps permitted identifying the high‐density plasma's origin and the underlying plasma transportation processes. Results show the plasma density feature of polar cap enhancement (PCE; ~600 × 103 i+/cm3) appearing for 7 h during the main phase and characterized by increases reaching up to 6 times of the quiet time values. Meanwhile, strong westward convections (~17,500 m/s) created low plasma densities in a wider region of the dusk cell. Oppositely, small (~750 m/s) but rigorous westward drifts drove the SED plume plasma through the auroral zone, wherein plasma densities doubled. As the SED plume plasma traveled along the convection streamlines and entered the polar cap, a continuous enhancement of the tongue of ionization (TOI) developed under steady convection conditions. However, convection changes caused slow convections and flow stagnations and thus segmented the TOI feature by locally depleting the plasma in the affected regions of the auroral zone and polar cap. From the strong correspondence of polar cap potential drop and subauroral polarization stream (SAPS), we conclude that the SAPS E‐field strength remained strong, and under its prolonged influence, the SED plume provided a continuous supply of downward flowing high‐density plasma for the development and maintenance of PCEs.
Observations of surface waves interacting with ice using stereo imaging
Authors: Campbell Alexander J. , Bechle Adam J. , Wu Chin H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA powerful Automated Trinocular Stereo Imaging System (ATSIS) is used to remotely measure waves interacting with three distinct ice types: brash, frazil, and pancake. ATSIS is improved with a phase‐only correlation matching algorithm and parallel computation to provide high spatial and temporal resolution 3‐D profiles of the water/ice surface, from which the wavelength, frequency, and energy flux are calculated. Alongshore spatial frequency distributions show that pancake and frazil ices differentially attenuate at a greater rate for higher‐frequency waves, causing a decrease in mean frequency. In contrast, wave propagation through brash ice causes a rapid increase in the dominant wave frequency, which may be caused by nonlinear energy transfer to higher frequencies due to collisions between the brash ice particles. Consistent to the results in frequency, the wavelengths in pancake and frazil ices increase but decrease in brash ice. The total wave energy fluxes decrease exponentially in both pancake and frazil ice, whereas the overall energy flux remain constant in the brash ice due to thin layer thickness. The spatial energy flux distributions also reveal that wave reflection occurs at the boundary of each ice layer, with reflection coefficient decaying exponentially away from the ice interface. Reflection is the strongest at the pancake/ice‐free and frazil/brash interfaces and the weakest at the brash/ice‐free interface. These high resolution observations measured by ATSIS demonstrate the spatially variable nature of waves propagating through ice.
Technical Note: Calcium and carbon stable isotope ratios as paleodietary indicators
Authors: Melin Amanda D. , Crowley Brooke E. , Brown Shaun T. , Wheatley Patrick V. , Moritz Gillian L. , Yit Yu Fred Tuh , Bernard Henry , DePaolo Donald J. , Jacobson Andrew D. , Dominy Nathaniel J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTCalcium stable isotope ratios are hypothesized to vary as a function of trophic level. This premise raises the possibility of using calcium stable isotope ratios to study the dietary behaviors of fossil taxa and to test competing hypotheses on the adaptive origins of euprimates. To explore this concept, we measured the stable isotope composition of contemporary mammals in northern Borneo and northwestern Costa Rica, two communities with functional or phylogenetic relevance to primate origins. We found that bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values could differentiate trophic levels in each assemblage, a result that justifies the use of these systems to test the predicted inverse relationship between bioapatite δ13C and δ44Ca values. As expected, taxonomic carnivores (felids) showed a combination of high δ13C and low δ44Ca values; however, the δ44Ca values of other faunivores were indistinguishable from those of primary consumers. We suggest that the trophic insensitivity of most bioapatite δ44Ca values is attributable to the negligible calcium content of arthropod prey. Although the present results are inconclusive, the tandem analysis of δ44Ca and δ13C values in fossils continues to hold promise for informing paleodietary studies and we highlight this potential by drawing attention to the stable isotope composition of the Early Eocene primate Cantius. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:633–643, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Birth is but our death begun: A bioarchaeological assessment of skeletal emaciation in immature human skeletons in the context of environmental, social, and subsistence transition
Authors: Schug Gwen Robbins , Goldman Haviva M. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe second millennium BC was a period of significant social and environmental changes in prehistoric India. After the disintegration of the Indus civilization, in a phase known as the Early Jorwe (1400–1000 BC), hundreds of agrarian villages flourished in the Deccan region of west‐central India. Environmental degradation, combined with unsustainable agricultural practices, contributed to the abandonment of many communities around 1000 BC. Inamgaon was one of a handful of villages to persist into the Late Jorwe phase (1000–700 BC), wherein reliance on dry‐plough agricultural production declined. Previous research demonstrated a significant decline in body size (stature and body mass index) through time, which is often used to infer increased levels of biocultural stress in bioarchaeology. This article assesses evidence for growth disruption in the immature human skeletal remains from Inamgaon by correlating measures of whole bone morphology with midshaft femur compact bone geometry and histology. Growth derangement is observable in immature archaeological femora as an alteration in the expected amount and distribution of bone mass and porosity in the midshaft cross‐section. Cross‐section shape matched expectations for older infants with the acquisition of bipedal locomotion. These results support the hypothesis that small body size was related to disruptions in homeostasis and high levels of biocultural stress in the Late Jorwe at Inamgaon. Further, the combined use of geometric properties and histological details provides a method for teasing apart the complex interactions among activity and “health,” demonstrating how biocultural stressors affect the acquisition and quality of bone mass. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:243–259, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Rapidly Reversible Chemical Dimerizer System to Study Lipid Signaling in Living Cells
Authors: Feng Suihan , Laketa Vibor , Stein Frank , Rutkowska Anna , MacNamara Aidan , Depner Sofia , Klingmüller Ursula , Saez‐Rodriguez Julio , Schultz Carsten 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChemical dimerizers are powerful tools for non‐invasive manipulation of enzyme activities in intact cells. Here we introduce the first rapidly reversible small‐molecule‐based dimerization system and demonstrate a sufficiently fast switch‐off to determine kinetics of lipid metabolizing enzymes in living cells. We applied this new method to induce and stop phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) activity, allowing us to quantitatively measure the turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PIP3) and its downstream effectors by confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as standard biochemical methods.
A Smart Library of Epoxide Hydrolase Variants and the Top Hits for Synthesis of (S)‐β‐Blocker Precursors
Authors: Kong Xu‐Dong , Ma Qian , Zhou Jiahai , Zeng Bu‐Bing , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMicrotuning of the enzyme active pocket has led to a smart library of epoxide hydrolase variants with an expanded substrate spectrum covering a series of typical β‐blocker precursors. Improved activities of 6‐ to 430‐fold were achieved by redesigning the active site at two predicted hot spots. This study represents a breakthrough in protein engineering of epoxide hydrolases and resulted in enhanced activity toward bulky substrates.
Covalent Grafting of Carbon Nanotubes with a Biomimetic Heme Model Compound To Enhance Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Wei Ping‐Jie , Yu Guo‐Qiang , Naruta Yoshinori , Liu Jin‐Gang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in both life processes and energy conversion systems. The replacement of noble‐metal Pt‐based ORR electrocatalysts by nonprecious‐metal catalysts is crucial for the large‐scale commercialization of automotive fuel cells. Inspired by the mechanisms of dioxygen activation by metalloenzymes, herein we report a structurally well‐defined, bio‐inspired ORR catalyst that consists of a biomimetic model compound—an axial imidazole‐coordinated porphyrin—covalently attached to multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Without pyrolysis, this bio‐inspired electrocatalyst demonstrates superior ORR activity and stability compared to those of the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst in both acidic and alkaline solutions, thus making it a promising alternative as an ORR electrocatalyst for application in fuel‐cell technology.
Dynamic Diselenide Bonds: Exchange Reaction Induced by Visible Light without Catalysis
Authors: Ji Shaobo , Cao Wei , Yu Ying , Xu Huaping 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDynamic covalent bonds are extensively employed in dynamic combinatorial chemistry. The metathesis reaction of disulfide bonds is widely used, but requires catalysis or irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. It was found that diselenide bonds are dynamic covalent bonds and undergo dynamic exchange reactions under mild conditions for diselenide metathesis. This reaction is induced by irradiation with visible light and stops in the dark. The exchange is assumed to proceed through a radical mechanism, and experiments with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxyl (TEMPO) support this assumption. Furthermore, the reaction can be conducted in different solvents, including protic solvents. Diselenide metathesis can also be used to synthesize diselenide‐containing asymmetric block copolymers. This work thus entails the use of diselenide bonds as dynamic covalent bonds, the development of a dynamic exchange reaction under mild conditions, and an extension of selenium‐related dynamic chemistry.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of a Uranium(VI) Carbene Imido Oxo Complex
Authors: Lu Erli , Cooper Oliver J. , McMaster Jonathan , Tuna Floriana , McInnes Eric J. L. , Lewis William , Blake Alexander J. , Liddle Stephen T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report the uranium(VI) carbene imido oxo complex [U(BIPMTMS)(NMes)(O)(DMAP)2] (5, BIPMTMS=C(PPh2NSiMe3)2; Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2; DMAP=4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine) which exhibits the unprecedented arrangement of three formal multiply bonded ligands to one metal center where the coordinated heteroatoms derive from different element groups. This complex was prepared by incorporation of carbene, imido, and then oxo groups at the uranium center by salt elimination, protonolysis, and two‐electron oxidation, respectively. The oxo and imido groups adopt axial positions in a T‐shaped motif with respect to the carbene, which is consistent with an inverse trans‐influence. Complex 5 reacts with tert‐butylisocyanate at the imido rather than carbene group to afford the uranyl(VI) carbene complex [U(BIPMTMS)(O)2(DMAP)2] (6).
Cooperative Activation with Chiral Nucleophilic Catalysts and N‐Haloimides: Enantioselective Iodolactonization of 4‐Arylmethyl‐4‐pentenoic Acids
Authors: Nakatsuji Hidefumi , Sawamura Yasuhiro , Sakakura Akira , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChiral triaryl phosphates promote the enantioselective iodolactonization of 4‐substituted 4‐pentenoic acids to give the corresponding iodolactones in high yields with high enantioselectivity. N‐Chlorophthalimide (NCP) is employed as a Lewis acidic activator and oxidant of I2 for the present iodolactonization. In combination with 1.5 equivalents of NCP, only 0.5 equivalents of I2 are sufficient to generate the iodinating reagent.
Supramolecular Inhibition of Amyloid Fibrillation by Cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Lee Hong Hee , Choi Tae Su , Lee Shin Jung C. , Lee Jong Wha , Park Junghong , Ko Young Ho , Kim Won Jong , Kim Kimoon , Kim Hugh I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAmyloid fibrils are insoluble protein aggregates comprised of highly ordered β‐sheet structures and they are involved in the pathology of amyloidoses, such as Alzheimer’s disease. A supramolecular strategy is presented for inhibiting amyloid fibrillation by using cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). CB[7] prevents the fibrillation of insulin and β‐amyloid by capturing phenylalanine (Phe) residues, which are crucial to the hydrophobic interactions formed during amyloid fibrillation. These results suggest that the Phe‐specific binding of CB[7] can modulate the intermolecular interaction of amyloid proteins and prevent the transition from monomeric to multimeric states. CB[7] thus has potential for the development of a therapeutic strategy for amyloidosis.
Redox‐Triggered Reversible Interconversion of a Monocyclic and a Bicyclic Phosphorus Heterocycle
Authors: Heift Dominikus , Benkő Zoltán , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMolecules which change their structures significantly and reversibly upon an oxidation or reduction process have potential as future components of smart materials. A prerequisite for such an application is that the molecules should undergo the redox‐coupled transformation within a reasonable electrochemical window and lock into stable redox states. Sodium phosphaethynolate reacts with two equivalents of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to yield an anionic, imino‐functionalized 1,3,5‐diazaphosphinane [3 a]−. The oxidation of this anion with elemental iodine causes an intramolecular rearrangement reaction to give a bicyclic 1,3,2‐diazaphospholenium cation [6]+. This umpolung of electronic properties from non‐aromatic to highly aromatic is reversible, and the cation [6]+ is reduced with elemental magnesium to reform the 1,3,5‐diazaphosphinanide anion [3 a]−. Theoretical calculations suggest that phosphinidene species are involved in the rearrangement processes.
Conjugated poly(pyridinium salt)s as fluorescence light‐up probes for heparin sensing
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Yandong , Sun Jingfen , Lu Yan , Sun Yujiao , Cheng Dandan , Li Chenxi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBecause of its interaction with diverse proteins, heparin plays an important role in the regulation of various normal physiological and pathological processes. However, heparin overdose can induce some complications such as hemorrhages and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it is critical to detect and quantify heparin accurately and quickly. Recently, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs)‐based fluorescent probes for heparin sensing have attracted considerable interests. Unfortunately, only few kinds of CPEs such as polyfluorenes derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, are reported and effective in fluorescent assays of heparin by now. This contribution aims to develop a new kind of polyelectrolytes based on poly(pyridinium salt)s derivatives for heparin detection with a light‐up signature. An alternative conjugated poly(pyridinium salt)s (P1) containing carbazole segments in the main chain was designed and synthesized, which are weakly emissive in solution but highly luminescent upon binding with heparin. Fluorescence light‐up probes for heparin detection based on P1 were developed with high selectivity. P1 shows the similar fluorescence response toward heparin both in a broad pH range of about 3–12 and in the presence of various competing anions. Heparin quantification with a practical calibration range (0–14 µM) covering the whole therapeutic dosing levels (0.2–1.2 U mL−1, 1.7–10 µM) is realized based on the polymer probe. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40933.