bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface and interfacial sciences for future technologies
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Shen Qian , Wang Yongfeng , Dai Yafei , Chen Yongjun , Wu Kai 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Physical science has undergone an evolutional transition in research focus from solid bulks to surfaces, culminating in numerous prominent achievements. Currently, it is experiencing a new exploratory phase—interfacial science. Many a technology with a tremendous impact is closely associated with a functional interface which delineates the boundary between disparate materials or phases, evokes complexities that surpass its pristine comprising surfaces, and thereby unveils a plethora of distinctive properties. Such an interface may generate completely new or significantly enhanced properties. These specific properties are closely related to the interfacial states formed at the interfaces. Therefore, establishing a quantitative relationship between the interfacial states and their functionalities has become a key scientific issue in interfacial science. However, interfacial science also faces several challenges such as invisibility in characterization, inaccuracy in calculation, and difficulty in precise construction. To tackle these challenges, people must develop new strategies for precise detection, accurate computation, and meticulous construction of functional interfaces. Such strategies are anticipated to provide a comprehensive toolbox tailored for future interfacial science explorations and thereby lay a solid scientific foundation for several key future technologies.
High sensitivity ctDNA assays in genitourinary malignancies: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Patel Kartik R , Rais-Bahrami Soroush , Basu Arnab 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the recent decade, analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has improved cancer care by allowing for rapid detection of actionable molecular targets. A new generation of circulating DNA tests is now becoming available commercially. These tests are characterized by a superior limit of detection of 0.01% vaF or better, allowing for the detection of radiologically occult molecular residual disease (MRD). MRD tests have the potential to revolutionize neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment. In addition, these tests can be used as tumor markers to assess disease response. We reviewed the current evidence for the use of high-sensitivity MRD assays with particular focus on the genitourinary tumors. Multiple studies have now been reported in urothelial, renal, and recently testicular carcinoma. We find that the sensitivity varies across tumor types in the adjuvant setting and may reach a high of 100% in urothelial cancer. Specificity in tumor-informed MRD appears to be preserved across tumor types (98%-100%). Several trials are now prospectively validating MRD testing in biomarker integral studies, mainly in urothelial carcinoma.
The Age of Granulite-Facies Metamorphism in the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (NW Italy) Determined Through In Situ U–Pb Dating of Garnet
Authors: Bartoli Omar , Millonig Leo J , Carvalho Bruna B , Marschall Horst R , Gerdes Axel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rates of melt production, extraction and crystallization, as well as scales of melt transfer and interaction with their residuum change continuously in migmatite and granulite, affecting the behavior of monazite and zircon as time capsules. Therefore, accessory mineral chronometers may be ambiguous and incomplete in providing an overview of the temperature–time evolution of high-grade metamorphic rocks. In this study, we applied the novel technique of in situ U–Pb dating of garnet to the archetypal lower continental crust of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (IVZ), NW Italy. In the IVZ, the temporal relationship between granulite-facies metamorphism and mafic underplating has long been debated, because of the interplay between tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic and metasomatic processes over a period of more than a hundred million years. Garnet from mafic and pelitic granulites yielded U–Pb ages between 287.4 ± 4.9 Ma and 280.1 ± 12.4 Ma, overlapping within uncertainty the time proposed for the emplacement of the Mafic Complex (286–282 Ma). These results indicate that the thermal climax in granulitic rocks was caused by mafic underplating and concomitant asthenospheric upwelling, rather than being inherited from the post-Variscan Carboniferous evolution. Providing robust dating of garnet with as low as 4 ng/g U, this study demonstrates the strength of garnet petrochronology in resolving complex tectono-metamorphic histories of high-grade terranes. It also represents a further step forward towards establishing garnet as part of the in situ U–Pb geochronology repertoire.
Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view
Authors: Aksenova Olga V , Vinarski Maxim V , Itagaki Tadashi , Ohari Yuma , Oshida Tatsuo , Kim Sang Ki , Lee Jin Hee , Kondakov Alexander V , Khrebtova Irina S , Soboleva Alena A , Travina Oksana V , Sokolova Svetlana E , Palatov Dmitry M , Bespalaya Yulia V , Vikhrev Ilya V , Gofarov Mikhail Yu , Bolotov Ivan N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present an integrative revision of the Lymnaeidae from the northeastern margin of Asia (Far East Russia, Japan, and Korea) and Alaska. According to our results, 14 native species inhabit this region, belonging to eight genera in two subfamilies (Lymnaeinae: Dallirhytis, Galba, Walhiana, Ladislavella, and Lymnaea; and Amphipepleinae: Kamtschaticana, Orientogalba, and Radix). Four of these species are new to science and three of them are described in this paper. Additionally, three established alien species are recorded from Japan (Pseudosuccinea columella, Galba schirazensis, and Galba humilis). The Japanese Archipelago represents an evolutionary hotspot of pond snail diversity, encompassing seven native species, three of which are endemic. The faunal connections between North America and northeastern Asia are discussed in the context of historical biotic interchange across the Beringian Land Bridge. Two cold-tolerant pond snails share high-latitude but localized ranges, being endemic to the Beringian Arctic: Dallirhytis atkaensis (Chukchi Peninsula, Alaska, and Aleutian Islands) and Walhiana arctica comb. nov. (Alaska). Our findings indicate that the Beringian Land Bridge has played a role in freshwater faunal exchanges between northeastern Asia and western North America.
Deciphering the dynamics: Exploring the impact of mechanical forces on histone acetylation
Authors: Cai Jingyi , Deng Yudi , Min Ziyang , Li Chaoyuan , Zhao Zhihe , Jing Dian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiving cells navigate a complex landscape of mechanical cues that influence their behavior and fate, originating from both internal and external sources. At the molecular level, the translation of these physical stimuli into cellular responses relies on the intricate coordination of mechanosensors and transducers, ultimately impacting chromatin compaction and gene expression. Notably, epigenetic modifications on histone tails govern the accessibility of gene‐regulatory sites, thereby regulating gene expression. Among these modifications, histone acetylation emerges as particularly responsive to the mechanical microenvironment, exerting significant control over cellular activities. However, the precise role of histone acetylation in mechanosensing and transduction remains elusive due to the complexity of the acetylation network. To address this gap, our aim is to systematically explore the key regulators of histone acetylation and their multifaceted roles in response to biomechanical stimuli. In this review, we initially introduce the ubiquitous force experienced by cells and then explore the dynamic alterations in histone acetylation and its associated co‐factors, including HDACs, HATs, and acetyl‐CoA, in response to these biomechanical cues. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate interactions between histone acetylation and mechanosensors/mechanotransducers, offering a comprehensive analysis. Ultimately, this review aims to provide a holistic understanding of the nuanced interplay between histone acetylation and mechanical forces within an academic framework.
Self-reported Symptoms Associated With the Use of Printer and Photocopier Machines
Authors: Ojo Abimbola , Bello Dhimiter , Heavner Karyn , Lucas Kurt , Bello Anila 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to document adverse health effects among office, copy, and print shop workers using the Nano-Control, International Foundation Survey.

Methods
Self-reported information on 16 health outcomes and three surrogate exposure variables were collected from 1998 individuals between 1999 and 2010. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status, assessed the association between printer exposure and health symptoms.

Results
Among the participants, 61.9% were office workers, 5.5% were technicians, and 23.3% held other professions. Technicians had a higher risk for cancer compared to office workers (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; P < 0.01). Visible toner dust exposure was associated with chronic fatigue (OR, 9.6; P < 0.01), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (OR, 5.1; P < 0.01), cardiovascular diseases (OR, 3.6; P < 0.01), asthma, allergies, and other diseases (OR range, 1.4–3.2; P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The increased chronic and acute health risks among these workers warrant further investigations of causal associations.
Image Quality Assessment of a Deep Learning–Based Automatic Bone Removal Algorithm for Cervical CTA
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Fan Rongrong , Cheng Yuxin , Sun An , Xu Zhoubing , Schwier Michael , Li Linfeng , Lin Shushen , Schoebinger Max , Xiao Yi , Liu Shiyuan 
Published: August 2024

Background
The present study aims to evaluate the postprocessing image quality of a deep-learning (DL)–based automatic bone removal algorithm in the real clinical practice for cervical computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Materials and Methods
A total of 100 patients (31 females, 61.4 ± 12.4 years old) who had performed cervical CTA from January 2022 to July 2022 were included retrospectively. Three different types of scanners were used. Ipsilateral cervical artery was divided into 10 segments. The performance of the DL algorithm and conventional algorithm in terms of bone removal and vascular integrity was independently evaluated by two radiologists for each segment. The difference in the performance between the two algorithms was compared. Inter- and intrarater consistency were assessed, and the correlation between the degree of carotid artery stenosis and the rank of bone removal and vascular integrity was analyzed.

Results
Significant differences were observed in the rankings of bone removal and vascular integrity between the two algorithms on most segments on both sides. Compared to DL algorithm, the conventional algorithm showed a higher correlation between the degree of carotid artery stenosis and vascular integrity (r = −0.264 vs r = −0.180). The inter- and intrarater consistency of DL algorithm were found to be higher than or equal to those of conventional algorithm.

Conclusions
The DL algorithm for bone removal in cervical CTA demonstrated significantly better performance than conventional postprocessing method, particularly in the segments with complex anatomical structures and adjacent to bone.
Iodine Density Threshold to Distinguish Between Enhancing and Nonenhancing Renal Lesions With Dual-Layer Dual-Energy CT
Authors: Margono Ezra , Qureshi Muhammad Mustafa , Gupta Avneesh 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the optimal threshold iodine density to distinguish enhancing and nonenhancing renal masses with dual-layer dual-energy CT (dlDECT).

Methods
In this retrospective, HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board–approved study, 383 consecutive renal mass dlDECT studies from September 5, 2018, through December 15, 2022, were reviewed for enhancing solid renal masses with ≥∆20 HU. Studies with simple cysts in the same interval served as controls. Lesion ROI HU measurements on unenhanced and nephrographic phases and ROI iodine density measurements of each lesion and the abdominal aorta for normalization were recorded. The mean lesion HU values and absolute and normalized iodine densities were compared with enhancing and nonenhancing renal lesions using a two-sample t test. The diagnostic accuracy of iodine thresholds was assessed by calculating sensitivity and specificity, with receiver operating characteristic curve and AUC analysis.

Results
There were 38 enhancing and 39 nonenhancing renal lesions. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) ∆HU was 73.5 (38.7) and 3.9 (5.1) HU for enhancing and nonenhancing lesions, respectively. The mean absolute iodine density was significantly different for enhancing and nonenhancing lesions (3.2 [1.7] mg/mL and 0.20 [0.22] mg/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001). Normalized mean iodine density was significantly different for enhancing and nonenhancing lesions (0.62 [0.33] mg/mL and 0.04 [0.04] mg/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001). The optimal absolute iodine density threshold of 0.70 mg/mL (AUC, 0.999) and normalized iodine density threshold of 0.11 mg/mL (AUC, 0.999) were 100% sensitive and 97.4% specific for discriminating enhancing and nonenhancing renal lesions.

Conclusions
This study provides absolute and normalized iodine density thresholds to distinguish enhancing and nonenhancing renal lesions with high sensitivity and specificity using dlDECT.
Biomimetic stimulation patterns drive natural artificial touch percepts using intracortical microstimulation in humans
Authors: Hobbs Taylor G. , Greenspon Charles M. , Verbaarschot Ceci , Valle Giacomo , Boninger Michael , Bensmaia Sliman J. , Gaunt Robert A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveIntracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of human somatosensory cortex evokes tactile percepts that people describe as originating from their own body, but are not always described as feeling natural. It remains unclear whether stimulation parameters such as amplitude, frequency, and spatiotemporal patterns across electrodes can be chosen to increase the naturalness of these artificial tactile percepts.ApproachIn this study, we investigated whether biomimetic stimulation patterns – ICMS patterns that reproduce essential features of natural neural activity – increased the perceived naturalness of ICMS-evoked sensations compared to a non-biomimetic pattern in three people with cervical spinal cord injuries. All participants had electrode arrays implanted in their somatosensory cortices. Rather than qualitatively asking which pattern felt more natural, participants directly compared natural residual percepts, delivered by mechanical indentation on a sensate region of their hand, to artificial percepts evoked by ICMS and were asked whether linear non-biomimetic or biomimetic stimulation felt most like the mechanical indentation.Main ResultsWe show that simple biomimetic ICMS, which modulated the stimulation amplitude on a single electrode, was perceived as being more like a mechanical indentation reference on 32% of the electrodes. We also tested an advanced biomimetic stimulation scheme that captured more of the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity using co-modulated stimulation amplitudes and frequencies across four electrodes. Here, ICMS felt more like the mechanical reference for 75% of the electrode groups. Finally, biomimetic stimulation required less stimulus charge than their non-biomimetic counterparts.SignificanceWe conclude that ICMS encoding schemes that mimic naturally occurring neural spatiotemporal activation patterns in somatosensory cortex feel more like an actual touch than non-biomimetic encoding schemes. This also suggests that using key elements of neuronal activity can be a useful conceptual guide to constrain the large stimulus parameter space when designing future stimulation strategies.
PAXfusion proteins deregulate gene networks controlling mitochondrial translation in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Kalita Bhargab , Martinez-Cebrian Gerard , McEvoy Justina , Allensworth Melody , Knight Michelle , Magli Alessandro , Perlingeiro Rita C R , Dyer Michael A. , Stewart Elizabeth , Dynlacht Brian David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) patients harboring PAX3-FOXO1 and PAX7-FOXO1 fusion proteins exhibit a greater incidence of tumor relapse, metastasis, and poor survival outcome, thereby underscoring the urgent need to develop effective therapies to treat this subtype of childhood cancer. To uncover mechanisms that contribute to tumor initiation, we developed a novel muscle progenitor model and used epigenomic approaches to unravel genome re-wiring events mediated by PAX3/7 fusion proteins. Importantly, these regulatory mechanisms are conserved across established ARMS cell lines, primary tumors, and orthotopic-patient derived xenografts. Among the key targets of PAX3- and PAX7-fusion proteins, we identified a cohort of oncogenes, FGF receptors, and genes essential for mitochondrial metabolism and protein translation, which we successfully targeted in preclinical trials. Our data suggest an explanation for the relative paucity of recurring mutations in this tumor, provide a compelling list of actionable targets, and suggest promising new strategies to treat this tumor.
Activated Interferon Signaling Suppresses Age-Dependent Liver Cancer
Authors: Havas Aaron P. , Lande Kathryn , Rajesh Adarsh , Evensen K. Garrett , Varanasi Siva Karthik , Shang Linshan , Schmidt Elizabeth , Lee Jin , Kim Kenneth , Teneche Marcos Garcia , Hoffmann Filipe , LaPorte Michael , Davis Andrew , Grier Abby , Reisz Julie A. , Tharp Kevin , Gandhi Armin , Lei Xue , Proulx Jessica , Miller Karl N. , Sacco Alessandra , Shadel Gerald S. , Niedernhofer Laura , Feng Gen-Sheng , D’Alessandro Angelo , Kaech Susan , Williams April , Adams Peter D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAge is a major risk factor for liver cancer, as is the case for most adult human cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. A better understanding of the role of aging in liver and other cancers can facilitate approaches for risk assessment, early detection and prevention. We hypothesize that age-driven changes render aged liver more sensitive to oncogenic stress and hence tumorigenesis. To investigate how the liver changes with age, we documented the immune profile, transcriptome and epigenome of healthy livers from both young and aged mice, revealing pronounced alterations with aging. Notably, in aged hepatocytes, we identified heightened interferon (IFN) signaling, as well as simultaneous tumor suppressor and oncogene signaling at both bulk and single cell level, suggestive of an aged liver that is poised for neoplasia. To challenge this seemingly poised state, we employed adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of a c-Myc oncogene in young and aged mouse liver hepatocytesin vivo. Analysis of aged hepatocytes expressing c-Myc revealed further elevated expression of IFN Stimulated Genes (ISGs). This ISG upregulation was evident in multiple models of oncogenic stress and transformation in older mice and also observed in aged humans with Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH). We determined that Stat1 is both necessary and sufficient for the age specific elevated ISG expression in old wild type mice. Remarkably, inhibiting Jak/Stat signaling alongside ectopic c-Myc expression led to high-grade hepatocyte dysplasia and tumor formation, selectively in aged mice. Together, these results suggest that an aged liver is in a state of “precarious balance”, due to concurrent activation of oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways, but protected against neoplastic progression by IFN-signaling. Age-dependent activation of IFN signaling has been observed in many tissues and recent studies have demonstrated its detrimental consequences on aging, raising the question as to why IFN-signaling is activated during aging. We propose that aged tissues are intrinsically at higher risk of cancer and age-dependent activation of IFN-signaling is an adaptive process to protect from tumorigenesis, but one that also has maladaptive consequences.
Using virtual patient cohorts to uncover immune response differences in cancer and immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients
Authors: Gazeau Sonia , Deng Xiaoyan , Brunet-Ratnasingham Elsa , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Larochelle Catherine , Morel Penelope A. , Heffernan Jane M. , Davis Courtney L. , Smith Amber M. , Jenner Adrianne L. , Craig Morgan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in millions of deaths globally. Adults with immunosuppression (e.g., solid organ transplant recipients) and those undergoing active cancer treatments experience worse infections and more severe COVID-19. It is difficult to conduct clinical studies in these populations, resulting in a restricted amount of data that can be used to relate mechanisms of immune dysfunction to COVID-19 outcomes in these vulnerable groups. To study immune dynamics after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to investigate drivers of COVID-19 severity in individuals with cancer and immunosuppression, we adapted our mathematical model of the immune response during COVID-19 and generated virtual patient cohorts of cancer and immunosuppressed patients. The cohorts of plausible patients recapitulated available longitudinal clinical data collected from patients in Montréal, Canada area hospitals. Our model predicted that both cancer and immunosuppressed virtual patients with severe COVID-19 had decreased CD8+ T cells, elevated interleukin-6 concentrations, and delayed type I interferon peaks compared to those with mild COVID-19 outcomes. Additionally, our results suggest that cancer patients experience higher viral loads (however, with no direct relation with severity), likely because of decreased initial neutrophil counts (i.e., neutropenia), a frequent toxic side effect of anti-cancer therapy. Furthermore, severe cancer and immunosuppressed virtual patients suffered a high degree of tissue damage associated with elevated neutrophils. Lastly, parameter values associated with monocyte recruitment by infected cells were found to be elevated in severe cancer and immunosuppressed patients with respect to the COVID-19 reference group. Together, our study highlights that dysfunction in type I interferon and CD8+ T cells are key drivers of immune dysregulation in COVID-19, particularly in cancer patients and immunosuppressed individuals.