bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemoglobin A1c and Iron Deficiency Anaemia our Understanding Through the Decades
Authors: Hussain Nadia 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
HbA1c concentrations are affected by several factors including red blood cell turnover. The International Expert Committee has highlighted this observation for the benefit of physicians who evaluate HbA1c in diabetics. There are many types of anaemia that affect glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values but iron deficiency anaemia, one of the most common, has been proved to show higher than true values of HbA1c. The mechanism of how iron deficiency anaemia affects HbA1c has yet to be understood. Several studies have been conducted in order to unravel the mechanisms but there still remains a dearth of information. Future research needs to focus on the mechanistic reasons why HbA1c is higher in patients with iron deficiency anaemia in particular. This can pave the way for possible large scale studies to address the HbA1c enhancing effect and the mechanism of increased HbA glycation in iron deficiency properly.
New Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent or Delay Beta-Cell Failure in Diabetes
Authors: Ionica Floriana Elvira 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background and aims: The most recent estimates of International Diabetes Federation indicate that 382 million people have diabetes, and the incidence of this disease is increasing. While in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) beta-cell death is autoimmunemediated, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors that impair beta-cell function and insulin action. Many people with T2DM remain unaware of their illness for a long time because symptoms may take years to appear or be recognized, while the body is affected by excess blood glucose. These patients are often diagnosed only when diabetes complications have already developed. The aim of this article was to perform a review based on literature data on therapeutic modalities to prevent/delay beta cell function decline. Material and Methods: We searched MEDLINE from 2000 to the present to identify the therapeutic approaches to prevent or delay beta-cell failure in patients with T2DM. Results and conclusions: Several common polymorphisms in genes linked to monogenic forms of diabetes appear to influence the response to T2DM pharmacotherapy. Recent studies report the role of the G protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as Free Fatty Acids Receptor 1 (FFAR1) in the regulation of beta-cell function- CNX-011-67 (a GPR40 agonist) has the potential to provide good and durable glycemic control in T2DM patients.
Algebraic entropy for valuation domains
Authors: Zanardo Paolo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLet R be a non-discrete Archimedean valuation domain, G an R-module, Φ ∈ EndR(G).We compute the algebraic entropy entv(Φ), when Φ is restricted to a cyclic trajectory in G. We derive a special case of the Addition Theorem for entv, that is proved directly, without using the deep results and the difficult techniques of the paper by Salce and Virili [8].
Complexation and Chiral Recognition of Chiral Binaphthyl Derivatives and β-Cyclodextrins in Solution Probed by Triplet Excited State Relaxation
Authors: Riyad Yasser M. , Laube Christian , Naumov Sergej , Hermann Ralf , Abel Bernd 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
It is well known in supramolecular chemistry that cyclodextrin host
molecules (CDs) are capable of including and binding guest molecules
in their hydrophobic cavities via non-covalent interactions. The
unique recognition capability of CDs depends on their inherent
asymmetric cavities. We explored here the impacts of the chiral
recognition of excited triplet state of guest
1,1′–Binaphthyl–2,2′–diylhydrogenphosphate
(BNP) enantiomers by host native β–cyclodextrin (β–CD)
and chemically modified
Heptakis(2,3,6–tri–O–methyl)–β–cyclodextrin
(TMe–β–CD). For this regard, UV-Vis, fluorescence, and laser
flash photolysis spectroscopy were performed and our experimental
results were flanked by density functional theory (DFT)
calculations. Triplet decay dynamics of BNP enantiomers were
investigated in the absence and presence of cyclodextrins under
different conditions and the chiral recognition behavior is discussed
based on the obtained kinetic and spectral data of excited triplet
state. Here we show that the long lived triplet excited states (as
opposed to the singlet states) and its relaxation in solution may be
a sensitive probe to detect chiral recognition. The ability of
TMe–β–CD to recognize axial chirality is superior to that of
β–CD. These findings may be attributed to the asymmetric
cavities of cyclodextrins, which determines the degree of
interaction. The differences in the triplet behavior of R– and
S–BNP(T1)–TMe–β–CD may arise from the different
orientations of the guest molecule within the twisted and restricted
TMe–β–CD cavity. We assume here that the orientation of the
more favorable enantiomer (S–BNP(T1)) is geometrically
preferable, while a similar orientation of the less favorable
enantiomer (R–BNP(T1)) might be hindered by steric reasons. In
contrast, the triplet dynamics of BNP enantiomers within the
unrestricted macrocyclic β–CD ring are similar. This might be
ascribed to a similar orientation and interaction and ultimately
relaxation of both enantiomers within a round and undistorted
β–CD cavity, suggesting the formation of similar inclusion
complexes. These findings are evidence for the possibility to detect
chiral recognition and interaction as well as tiny structural
differences in the BNP complexes within cyclodextrin cavities via
laser flash photolysis technique.
RNAseq Analysis Highlights Specific Transcriptome Signatures of Yeast and Mycelial Growth Phases in the Dutch Elm Disease FungusOphiostoma novo-ulmi
Authors: Nigg Martha , Laroche Jérôme , Landry Christian R , Bernier Louis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFungal dimorphism is a complex trait and our understanding of the ability of fungi to display different growth morphologies is limited to a small number of model species. Here we study a highly aggressive dimorphic fungus, the ascomycete Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, which is a model in plant pathology and the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. The two growth phases that this fungus displays, i.e., a yeast phase and mycelial phase, are thought to be involved in key steps of disease development. We used RNAseq to investigate the genome-wide gene expression profiles that are associated with yeast and mycelial growth phases in vitro. Our results show a clear molecular distinction between yeast and mycelial phase gene expression profiles. Almost 12% of the gene content is differentially expressed between the two phases, which reveals specific functions related to each growth phase. We compared O. novo-ulmi transcriptome profiles with those of two model dimorphic fungi, Candida albicans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Few orthologs showed similar expression regulation between the two growth phases, which suggests that, globally, the genes associated with these two life forms are poorly conserved. This poor conservation underscores the importance of developing specific tools for emerging model species that are distantly related to the classical ones. Taken together, our results provide insights into transcriptome regulation and molecular specificity in O. novo-ulmi and offer a new perspective for understanding fungal dimorphism.
Exact Inference for Hardy-Weinberg Proportions with Missing Genotypes: Single and Multiple Imputation
Authors: Graffelman Jan , Nelson S , Gogarten S M , Weir B S 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of exact-test based statistical inference for Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium in the presence of missing genotype data. Missing genotypes often are discarded when markers are tested for Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium, which can lead to bias in the statistical inference about equilibrium. Single and multiple imputation can improve inference on equilibrium. We develop tests for equilibrium in the presence of missingness by using both inbreeding coefficients (or, equivalently, χ2 statistics) and exact p-values. The analysis of a set of markers with a high missing rate from the GENEVA project on prematurity shows that exact inference on equilibrium can be altered considerably when missingness is taken into account. For markers with a high missing rate (&gt;5%), we found that both single and multiple imputation tend to diminish evidence for Hardy−Weinberg disequilibrium. Depending on the imputation method used, 6−13% of the test results changed qualitatively at the 5% level.
Y llegaron los dragones: dragas y drogas sobre el río Caquetá (Inspección del Metá, finca “El Refugio”)
Authors: Trujillo Bonelo Luis Angel 
Published: September 2015

<p>Este texto relata la historia de la llegada de la minería de aluvión a la región del Medio Caquetá (Amazonia Colombiana). Es narrado desde la experiencia de uno de los líderes de la comunidad multiétnica del Quinché-Metá, que agrupaba indígenas de varias etnias y colonos que buscaban organizarse como un resguardo multiétnico a inicios del siglo XXI. El texto comienza con la narración de ese proceso organizativo y los avances que habían logrado. Luego se cuenta cómo la llegada de las primeras balsas mineras, junto con guerrilleros y narcotraficantes, comienza a erosionar rápidamente todo el proceso y se van escalando los atropellos y muertes. El texto también cuenta sobre otras experiencias con la minería en el río Taraira. Concluye con la “reconquista” del ejército de la zona y cómo diez años después, en 2012, de nuevo han vuelto a ingresar balsas mineras en el río Caquetá. </p>
Los ríos de nuestra memoria
Authors: Yahuarcani Rember 
Published: September 2015

<p>La obra del artista Rember Yahuarcani es un recorrido visual por los mitos e historias de los seres que pueblan el universo físico y espiritual de la Amazonia. Los mitos son los ríos donde navega la memoria de los ancestros y es allí donde Rember ha buscado las palabras e imágenes que han guiado su obra creativa. Su aprendizaje se inició al lado de su padre Santiago Yahuarcani, al mismo tiempo que escuchaba las historias narradas por su abuela Martha López. Desde el 2003 comenzó a exhibir sus obras en galerías, pero todavía encasilladas en el concepto de “arte indígena”. Desde el 2007, Yahuarcani ha buscado “forzar espacios” para presentar sus obras ya no con la etiqueta de “pintura indígena”, sino como piezas de arte contemporáneo, enraizadas ciertamente en la historia y tradición indígena, pero con una evolución, estilo e identidad propias.</p>
Cuando esas nuevas ramas crezcan yo también habré sanado
Authors: Flores Ruysen 
Published: September 2015

<p>Ruysen Flores narra sobre cómo superó una enfermedad espiritual que lo aquejaba, siguiendo el ejemplo de las plantas que le había enseñado su maestro Pablo Amaringo. Así como las plantas al podarlas se renuevan, así su espíritu se sanó. Su inspiración es la mitología, la costumbre y las plantas. En su pintura hay un espíritu femenino acuático, cuyos hijos son los delfines. Ruysen pinta a los espíritus protectores que aparecen en los rituales de los chamanes y los espíritus de las plantas y los elementos. Utiliza figuras que vienen en perspectiva, también muy utilizadas por Pablo Amaringo, a las que llamaba “tingunas”. </p>
Arte y transformación: Experiencias e imágenes de los artistas de la Exposición ¡Mira!
Authors: Matos Beatriz , Belaunde Luisa Elvira 
Published: September 2015

<p>A partir de una lectura de los textos del dossier <em>¡Mira! </em><em>Artes Visuales Contemporáneas de los Pueblos Indígenas,</em> las autoras señalan que los procesos creativos relatados por los artistas son actos de comunicación que no se reducen a una traducción cultural porque conllevan múltiples actos de transformación —de los cuerpos, las técnicas, las imágenes, y de los propios artistas—. Sus obras llaman al espectador a hacer parte de dicha transformabilidad creativa. <em></em></p>
Cephalometric Outcomes of Maxillary Expansion and Protraction in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate after Two Types of Palatoplasty
Authors: Tome Wakako , Yashiro Kohtaro , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: September 2015

Objective To clarify the differences in the long-term effects of maxillary expansion (ME) and protraction (MP) in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLP) undergoing two types of palatoplasty. Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting Institutional study. Patients and Interventions Thirty-eight patients with UCLP treated at Osaka University Dental Hospital, Japan, were divided into two groups: 19 patients were treated using Wardill-Kilner push-back palatoplasty (PB), and 19 patients were treated with early two-stage palatoplasty according to the modified Furlow technique (ETS). All patients exhibited a short maxilla at the initial orthodontic visit and were treated with ME using a quad helix appliance and MP with a face mask. Lateral cephalometric data recorded in the initial stage were compared with those obtained at the end of treatment. Main Outcome Measurements The dentoskeletal features and facial soft tissue profile were evaluated before and after orthodontic treatment. The variation and rate of change during treatment were also calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the statistical analyses. Results The ETS group showed significantly greater SNA, SNB, and U1-Pp angles and smaller SN-Mp angles than the PB group after face mask treatment. The variation in the anteroposterior length of the maxilla during treatment was significantly greater in the ETS group than in the PB group. Conclusions Maxillary protraction was more efficiently accomplished in the patients with UCLP after early two-stage palatoplasty compared with push-back palatoplasty.
La importancia de manejar un software especializado en una empresa de autotransporte de la región laja-bají­o
Authors: Pérez González Marí­a Merced 
Published: September 2015

El trabajo de investigación que se presenta tielas tecnologí­as de la informacióny su relevancia en las empresas medianas, enfocado a la industria del autotransporte y que sucede a estas al no contar con un software especializado para llevar a cabo sus operaciones, ya que esta industria es cada vez más demandada y podrí­a ayudar a las nuevas empresas a conocer algunos problemasque se podrí­an evitar si desde un principio contaran con un software adecuado.
Propuesta metodológica para evaluar el grado de desarrollo de la innovación en pequeñas empresas aplicando la técnica del diagramador polar
Authors: Sainz Zamora Dr. Rafael O. , Zermeño Padilla Lic. Guadalupe Elizabeth , Cruz Villa Lic.Ángel , Mejia Mendoza Ing. Uziel 
Published: September 2015

Para las empresas, el cambio es el proceso a través del cual se llega a ser, de un modo diferente, a lo que se era en un momento anterior. Se vive la época de cambios acelerados por la innovación, en casi todos los ámbitos de la actividad humana. Toffler (2006) sustenta que ”Los valores a pregonar dentro de los procesos de innovación son la curiosidad, el pensamiento,la creatividad, la individualidad y la vocación empresarial”. La innovación, no sólo se asocia al producto o servicio, sino que mapea toda la empresa;en sus estrategias, procesos, comercialización y distribución de los productos o servicios que oferta. Lo anterior, se inicia por el personal de la empresa,siempre y cuando se tengan las condiciones y medios propicios por parte de empresa en un mismo tiempo. Para Hamel (2000) la empresa conjuga cuatro componentes: la relación con el cliente, la estrategia clave, los recursos estratégicos y las conexiones de valor, donde la empresa innovadora redefine total o parcialmente alguno de estos conceptos. Pero el éxito parte indiscutiblemente del talento humano actual y de su desarrollo.De esta manera, la pequeña y mediana empresa deben identificar los factores primarios que permitan realizar un diagnóstico su potencialidad de la innovación.El análisis de mercado, la gestión de proyectos, el alineamiento estratégico, la creatividad, conducta creativa, el proceso de innovación y el pensamiento creativo son los principales factores representativos de las caracterí­sticas humanas y los elementos de organización que conforman en conjunción el avance que la empresa tiene en materia de innovación.En sensu stricto los factores corresponden a Sistemas Suaves que en principio son difí­ciles de definir, tienen un componente social y una estructura de regularización. En estos casos, no se piensa en problemas sino en situaciones problema.El objetivo de este trabajo, sustentado en los factores antes citados y con la aplicación la Técnica del Diagrama Polar, pretende identificarla prioridad en acciones para potenciar la innovación y observar su evolución en conjunto.
Optimal Planting Timing for Corn Relay Intercropped with Flue‐Cured Tobacco
Authors: Zhou Guisu , Yin Xinhua , Li Yongmei , Zhao Zhengxiong , Xu Linzheng , Ding Jinling 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTConflict in land use between corn (Zea mays L.) as a grain crop and flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) as an economic crop is severe because of limited arable land in mountainous regions. A field study was conducted to determine the optimal planting time for corn as a relay crop in a flue‐cured tobacco system to obtain high corn productivity and ensure the quality and yield of tobacco. Four relay‐intercropping planting dates (10, 17, 24, and 31 d after tobacco apex excision) and corn monoculture (17 d after tobacco apex excision) were evaluated on the incidence and severity index of diseases and yield of corn at Chuxiong, Yunnan, China in 2010 and 2011. The incidence and severity index of corn common rust (Puccinia sorghi) were reduced 60.3 to 67.8% and 69.2 to 78.9%, respectively, by relay intercropping compared with monoculture corn. Grain yield, economic value, land equivalency ratio (LER), and relative value total (RVT) of relay‐intercropped corn and the net return of the whole relay‐intercropping system generally decreased when the relay‐intercropping timing of corn was delayed. All LER values and some of the RVT values for relay‐intercropped corn were >1. Net return of the whole tobacco and corn relay‐intercropping system was 18.5 to 21.0 times greater than that under monoculture corn. Relay‐intercropped corn after flue‐cured tobacco is an economically viable cropping system in Yunnan and similar regions, with an optimal relay‐intercropping date between 10 and 17 d after tobacco apex excision.
Cultivars as Consumer Brands: Trends in Protecting and Commercializing Apple Cultivars via Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Luby James J. , Bedford David S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTFor many fruit and vegetable crops, consumers are unaware of the cultivar they consume. Thus, cultivars, the ultimate products of breeding programs, have no special recognition by the consumer. Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is unusual in that individual cultivars are readily recognized by consumers based on their appearance, flavor and texture. Consequently, variety denominations or trademarks are used to represent cultivars as brands to consumers. Apple cultivars are asexually propagated and were historically developed from feral or planted open‐pollinated seedlings. New cultivars are now mostly derived from planned breeding programs. U.S. apple breeding in the 20th century was mostly funded by state and federal government appropriations. Cultivars developed under this model were made widely available to producers as “open” cultivars. Fruit quality and quantity were difficult to control leading to devalued brand images for some cultivars and decreased profitability for producers and marketers. In response to these problems, some new apple cultivars are commercialized as “managed” cultivars using exclusive licensing of intellectual property rights to manage the cultivar's market entry and introduction to the consumer as well as fruit quality and production volume.
Genetic Diversity and Structure of Ruzigrass Germplasm Collected in Africa and Brazil
Authors: Pessoa‐Filho Marco , Azevedo Ana Luisa S. , Sobrinho Fausto S. , Gouvea Ediene G. , Martins Alexandre M. , Ferreira Márcio E. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTRuzigrass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germain & Evrard) Crins, syn. Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard] is a tropical forage native to Africa, first introduced in Brazil in the 1960s. Ruzigrass is diploid, presents sexual reproduction, and is a model species for the generation of genomic resources in the Brachiaria genus. Brachiaria species are the most important livestock forage in the tropics, covering more than 70 million ha in Brazil alone. We have used multiplex panels of microsatellite markers to characterize the genetic diversity of ruzigrass germplasm collected in Africa, and of a local population collected in Brazil, to obtain information for its conservation and use in breeding programs. Fifteen SSR markers were used to Genotype 114 ruzigrass samples. Summary statistics, as well as estimates of FST and partitioning of genetic diversity were obtained. Clustering and genetic structure analyses were performed. Results showed high values of heterozygosity in the African and Brazilian populations. Although African and Brazilian samples formed distinct groups in clustering analyses, and Bayesian analysis of genetic structure distributed samples into three clusters, estimates of pairwise FST values showed no differentiation between African and Brazilian groups of samples. Results indicated that the introduction of ruzigrass in Brazil did not cause a major decrease in genetic diversity. Brazilian local populations might harbor favorable alleles that will be useful for ongoing and future breeding programs. They offer great opportunities for ruzigrass germplasm collection and conservation of genetic diversity, before attempts to access germplasm in its center of diversity are undertaken.
Is There a Role for Sink Size in Understanding Maize Population–Yield Relationships?
Authors: Egli D. B. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe most consistent change in management practices associated with the increase in maize (Zea mays L.) yield in the United States since 1930 has been a steady increase in plant population. Populations increased from roughly 30,000 plants ha–1 at the beginning of the hybrid era to >75,000 plants ha–1 in recent years. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the potential role of sink size in historic maize yield–population relationships. The steady increase in yield (∼4×) during the hybrid era required an increase in source activity since there was no change in harvest index. The increase in grain yield was associated with an increase in kernels per unit area, so there was a concomitant increase in both source and sink. Data collected from the literature and evaluations of hybrids from different eras demonstrate that ear size (kernels per ear) of U.S. and Canadian hybrids did not increase during the hybrid era. Ears per plant did not increase above an average of one. Since ear size and prolificacy did not change, higher plant populations were needed to increase sink size (ears and kernels per unit area). This approach to analyzing population–yield relationships suggests that higher populations didn't necessarily contribute directly to higher productivity; rather, the increase in sink size avoided a sink limitation and allowed the higher productivity of the source to be translated into grain yield. Future yield increases will, therefore, require even higher populations which could create new management challenges.