bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone in ionic and metabolic homeostasis in the Christmas Island Blue crabDiscoplax celeste
Authors: Turner Lucy M. , Webster Simon G. , Morris Stephen 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThere is a growing body of evidence implicating the involvement of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) in ionic homeostasis in decapod crustaceans. However, little is known regarding hormonally influenced osmoregulatory processes in terrestrial decapods. Since many terrestrial decapods experience opposing seasonal demands upon ionoregulatory physiologies, we reasoned that these would make interesting models in which to study the role of CHH upon these phenomena. In particular, those (tropical) species which also undergo seasonal migrations might be especially informative, since not only do we know relatively little regarding the nature of CHHs in terrestrial decapods, but also, hormonally mediated responses to seasonal changes in metabolic demands might also be superimposed or otherwise integrated with those associated with ionic homeostasis. Using Discoplax celeste, as a model crab which experiences seasonal extremes in water availability, and diurnal and migratory activity patterns, we identified two CHHs in the sinus gland. We firstly biochemically characterised (cDNA cloning) one and functionally characterised (in terms of dose-dependent hyperglycaemic responses and glucose-dependent negative feedback loops)both CHHs. Whole animal in situ branchial chamber 22NaCl perfusion experiments showed that injection of both CHHs increased gill Na+ uptake in a seasonally dependent manner, and 51Cr-EDTA clearance experiments demonstrated that CHH increased urine production by the antennal gland. Seasonal and salinity dependent differences in haemolymph CHH titre further implicated CHH in osmoregulatory processes. Intriguingly, CHH appeared to have no effect on gill Na+/K+-ATPase or V-ATPase activity, suggesting unknown mechanisms of this hormone’s action on Na+ transport across gill epithelia.
Muscle mitochondrial volume and aerobic capacity in a small marsupial (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) match those of 'athletic' placentals, reflecting flexible links between energy-use levels in mammals generally.
Authors: Dawson Terence J. , Webster Koa N. , Lee Enhua , Buttemer William A. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe investigated the muscle structure/function relationships that underlie the aerobic capacities of an insectivorous, small (~15 g) marsupial, Sminthopsis crassicaudata (Family: Dasyuridae). This was for further insight into energy use patterns in marsupials, relative to those in placentals, their sister clade within the Theria (advanced mammals). Disparate hopping marsupials (Suborder Macropodiformes), a kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and a rat-kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata), show aerobic capabilities as high as those of athletic placentals. Equivalent muscle mitochondrial volumes and cardiovascular features support these capabilities. We examined S. crassicaudata to determine whether highly developed aerobic capabilities are widespread in marsupials, rather than just being in the lately evolved Macropodiformes. This was the case. Treadmill-trained S. crassicaudata attained a maximal aerobic metabolic rate (V.O2max or MMR) of 272 mlO2 min-1 kg-1 (N=8), similar to that reported for a small (~20g), athletic placental, Apodemus sylvaticus, 264 mlO2 min-1 kg-1. Hopping marsupials have comparable aerobic levels when body mass variation is considered. S. crassicaudata has a basal metabolic rate (BMR) about 75% of placental values but it has a notably large factorial aerobic scope (fAS) of 13; elevated fAS also feature in hopping marsupials. The V.O2max of S. crassicaudata was supported by an elevated total muscle mitochondria volume, which was largely achieved through high muscle mitochondria volume densities, Vv(mt,f), the mean value being 14.0 ± 1.33%. These data were considered in relation to energy use levels in mammals, particularly field metabolic rate (FMR). BMR is consistently lower in marsupials, but this is balanced out by a high fAS, such that marsupial MMR matches that of placentals. However, FMR shows different mass relationships in the two clades, with the FMR of small (&lt;125 g) marsupials being higher than in comparable placentals with the reverse applying for larger marsupials. The flexibility of energy output in marsupials provides explanations for this pattern. Overall our data refute widely held notions of mechanistically closely linked relationships between body mass, BMR, FMR and MMR in mammals.
Crisis Leadership and Military Community Resilience
Authors: Stern Eric K. , Saathoff Gregory 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper takes the current all hazards (with a special emphasis on the CBRNE) threat picture to military installations within and outside of the continental United States and their associated military communities, as well as evolving patterns of community vulnerability and changing preparedness concepts (community resilience, whole of community), as a point of departure for re-examining strategic leadership challenges (Boin et al, 2005) associated with crisis management and community-resilience development. The paper identifies two key modes of response to pervasive threat to military communities: evacuation and shelter in place. Both academic research and practical planning in both the civilian and military realms have tended to focus on evacuation to the relative neglect of shelter-in-place. The paper examines the pros and cons of each mode of response. While traditional shelter-in-place concepts have significant limitations, many of these are transcended by state of the art community-shielding strategies which provide a more robust and enhanced form of sheltering-in place. In fact, community shielding provides a potentially superior alternative in many contingencies in terms of force protection, mission assurance, and continuity of operations. The paper concludes with an agenda for improving the resilience (and crisis management) capacity of military communities.
Comparison of Sampling Methods for Post-Hurricane Damage Survey
Authors: Liang Daan , Cong Lin , Brown Tanya , Song Lingguang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In the United States, residents and businesses in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal regions are confronted with an increasing risk of hurricane-induced damages. It is often too costly and labor intensive to survey every structure within a large area affected by a major storm. Therefore, this paper is aimed at proposing and evaluating three sampling methods specifically designed for post-hurricane damage survey: Simple Random Sampling, Equal Spatial Sampling, and Route Based Sampling. After describing their general formation, a case study is presented in which these three sampling methods are applied to 1,020 residential houses affected by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, allowing for systematic and objective selection of samples for ground inspection. Then the distributions of damage conditions of samples are compared with that of population. The result shows that the sample sets selected by the Equal Spatial Sampling and Route Based Sampling methods reasonably represent the full data set with a few exceptions in high damage categories while the performance of the Simple Random Sampling is far less consistent. This work could serve as a guidance for designing a balanced sampling scheme with the consideration of expected performance and available resources in future post-disaster damage surveys.
The Italian Regulatory Framework for Developing Smart Distribution Grids
Authors: Olivieri Valeria , Delfanti Maurizio , Lo Schiavo Luca 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The integration of Dispersed Generation (DG) is by far the most important and challenging issue that modern power systems are facing nowadays, and is the only way of exploiting Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for electric production. This revolution is running particularly fast in Europe, where significant incentive schemes have been promoted by many Member States in order to match the targets decided by the European institutions. As a consequence of the important share of RES already connected (especially to low voltage and medium voltage networks), new technical challenges have to be faced both at a distribution network level and at a transmission system level. Some of these challenges are covered by Smart grids that represent a new framework for improved management of distribution and transmission networks with attention to interoperability, security, resilience problems, and quality of service (QoS). It is recognized that an intelligent use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), as enabling technology, is the only approach able to solve new problems arising on energy networks due to larger DG penetration, without hindering system security and QoS.The paper focuses on the Italian case and in particular on the Italian regulatory framework for developing Smart Grids, and describes the technical foundations of the regulatory innovations introduced by the Italian energy regulatory authority (Autorità per l’energia elettrica e il gas - AEEG). After a selection process based on cost/benefit assessment, some demonstration projects for Smart Grid proposed by Distribution System Operators have been awarded with special capital cost remuneration (extra WACC of 2% for 12 years, on top of the ordinary WACC equal to 7% for distribution investments). The smart grid demonstration projects founded by AEEG introduce and test a new advanced management of DG in order to avoid the problems coming from reverse power flowing and maintain the necessary level of security, availability and quality of service.
A Comprehensive Study of Imagery Use by Coaches
Authors: Short Sandra E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive summary at how coaches (n = 214) used imagery. The results highlight the usefulness of Paivio’s (1985) model and corresponding measure (SIQ: Hall et al., 1998) for use with coaches. Descriptive statistics for how often coaches used imagery, why they use imagery and their perceptions of the direction (effectiveness) of the images are provided at the subscale and item levels. Also described is the relationship between imagery use and effectiveness. Several personal, coaching, and imagery-related variables were also shown to be related to imagery use and perceptions of effectiveness.
Effects of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic imagery interventions on dancers' plié arabesques
Authors: Heiland Teresa L. , Rovetti Robert , Dunn Jan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the influence of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic delivery modes of Franklin Method images (anatomical bone rhythms, metaphorical image, and tactile aid, respectively) on the performance of college dancers’ plié arabesques by assessing its influence on three measures: plié depth; maintenance of rotation; and simultaneous use of hip, knee, and ankle (Tri-fold). Eighteen participants performed a series of plié arabesques during three visits over a period of two months; at each visit, pliés were performed before and after an image intervention, and the change in mean Likert scale rating was calculated for each measure. In 130 out of 162 ratings, plié arabesque scores were higher following the image interventions. Based on t-test comparisons, the visual mode produced significant positive improvement for all three measures (p ≤ 0.001 for each), while the kinesthetic mode produced increased ratings for the Rotation (p=0.012) and Tri-fold (p=0.019) measures. The auditory mode was associated with increased ratings in the Tri-fold measure only (p < 0.001). One-way ANOVA suggests no one image modality performed significantly better or worse than the others for the Rotation or Tri-fold; however, the Visual mode did have a noticeably stronger positive effect for Plié (p = 0.003). We also explored possible relationships between years of experience dancing and preferred learning styles (as measured by the VARK, VAK, and MIQ-R assessment tools) to performance outcomes, and observed highly varied relationships but no definitive pattern of correlations. Dancers’ anecdotal comments about their perceived success with the imagery were qualitatively compared to their performance outcomes. This exploratory study suggests that Franklin Method imagery employing various delivery modalities can be successfully used to improve aspects of the Plié Arabesque, although some modalities may have a stronger effect. We offer recommendations for both the pedagogical application of Franklin Method based on aspects of technique as well as design of future studies to further explore learning styles and other personal aspects of imagery abilities.
Matching, Wage Rigidities and Efficient Severance Pay
Authors: Fella Giulio 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of mandated severance pay in a matching model featuring wage rigidity for ongoing, but not new, matches. Mandated severance pay matters only if binding real wage rigidities imply inefficient separation under employment at will. In such a case, large enough severance payments reduce job destruction, and increase job creation and social efficiency, under very mild conditions. Furthermore, mandated severance pay never results in inefficient labor hoarding. Whenever separation is jointly optimal, the parties agree to end the match with a spot severance payment below the statutory one. The marginal effect of mandated severance pay is zero when its size exceeds that which induces the same allocation that would prevail in the absence of wage rigidity. The results hold under alternative micro-foundations for wage rigidity.
Costs of Engaging in Corruption: Equilibrium with Extortion and Framing
Authors: Yun Sungho 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper presents a three-tier law enforcement model in which an inspector monitors a firm’s discharge of waste and reports it to a regulator. The inspector may engage in three forms of corruption – bribery, extortion and framing – with two types of costs: the cost of distorting information against the firm and the cost of side-transfer. In contrast with the earlier literature on corruption, we show that not only bribery but also extortion and framing may occur in equilibrium, even when all the forms of corruption could be deterred. We also find that higher costs of engaging in corruption may result in lower social welfare. Although these costs make engaging in corruption more difficult and hence more easily deter corruption, when corruption occurs in equilibrium, the costs cause wastage of scarce resources from society’s point of view. This analysis also provides an explanation of why corruption is more pervasive in less developed countries.
Dynamics of Competitive Rivalry
Authors: Maggitti Patrick G. , Coff Russell W. , Hatfield Donald E. , Ferrier Walter J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This energetic lecture consist of a paper fight and another exercise to provide background, methodology, and findings from research that has empirically examined competitive dynamics. Foundational to this stream of research are several literatures including game theory and the Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm. Unlike these literatures, however, research in competitive dynamics directly measures and analyzes firm action and rival action using a methodology of examining competitive actions identified through a structured content analysis of newspapers and trade magazines for firms in an industry. This robust methodology has enabled better understanding of competitive dynamics and the outcomes of this rivalry. It also has very practical implications. Thus, students also do an exercise in which they analyze actual competitive data between Coke and Pepsi to illustrate differences in their competitive behavior and the strengths and weaknesses of each of their approaches.
Rational Reasonableness: Toward a Positive Theory of Public Reason
Authors: Hadfield Gillian K. , Macedo Stephen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Why is it important for people to agree on and articulate shared reasons for just laws, rather than whatever reasons they personally find compelling? What, if any, practical role does public reason play in liberal democratic politics? We argue that the practical role of public reason can be better appreciated by examining the confluence of normative and positive political theory; the former represented here by liberal social contract theory of John Rawls and others, and the latter by rational choice or game theory. Citizens in a diverse society face a practical as well as a moral problem. How can they have confidence that others will reciprocate their commitment to supporting governing principles that depart from their own ideal conceptions of truth and value in order to be reasonable to all? Citizens face a practical problem of mutual assurance that public reason helps them solve, and solve as a matter of common knowledge. The solution, on both views, requires citizens’ reciprocal commitment to basing law on a system of shared reasons. Both views place public reason at the core of liberal democratic politics in conditions of diversity, and for quite similar reasons. Our argument illustrates the (often) complementary roles of positive and values-based analysis in constitutional design.
Statistical Review of Nuclear Power Accidents
Authors: Hofert Marius , Wüthrich Mario V. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A statistical analysis which provides a risk assessment of nuclear safety based on historical data is conducted. Classical probabilistic models from risk theory are used to analyze data on nuclear power accidents from 1952 to 2011. Findings are that the severities of nuclear power accidents should be modeled with an infinite mean model and, thus, cannot be insured by an unlimited cover.
Projecting the Cost of Long-Term Care Insurance in Korea
Authors: Kwon Hyuk-Sung , Lee Chang-Soo , Hur Jun-Soo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
These days aging population is a common phenomenon in most countries in the world. As a result, many countries are making great effort to improve the quality of life of elderly people after retirement. A long-term care insurance system is one of the products of those efforts. In the middle of year 2008, long term care insurance as a form of social insurance was introduced in Korea and has been providing various services for people who need assistance with daily living activities. A myriad of opinions from various perspectives such as finance and quality have been suggested for improvement of the system. In order to resolve problems and to reflect suggestions for the purpose of developing the system, the future demand and cost needs to be carefully estimated. Also, various important decisions associated with the insurance policy should be based on the results of the projection. This paper provides a case study of public long-term care insurance in Korea and discusses methods to make projections on the future costs of long-term care insurance.
Making Space for Space Traders
Authors: Adams Amelia , Laughter Judson 
Published: December 2012

Abstract Should a focus on empowering education for a socially just world stretch across schooling generally? Is it really the responsibility of science educators to focus on such a struggle? We believe the answer to both questions is an enthusiastic “yes” and in this article report on the planning and execution of a 6th grade science unit designed to spark classroom dialogue around issues of bias in science and in society. We begin with a brief grounding in the relevant literature of culturally relevant science teaching before introducing the context of the unit and the methods of study. We then describe the planning and execution of the unit. We close with lessons that we feel important to carry forward into later replications and recommendations for future research.
Thermal optical path difference analysis of the telescope correct lens assembly
Authors: Hsu Ming-Ying , Chang Shenq-Tsong , Huang Ting-Ming 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The effect of correct lens thermal optical path difference (OPD) on the optical performance of the Cassegrain telescope system is presented. The correct lens assembly includes several components such as a set of correct lenses, lens mount, spacer, mount barrel, and retainer. The heat transfer from the surrounding environment to the correct lens barrel will cause optical system aberration. The temperature distribution of the baffle is from 20.546°C to 21.485°C. Meanwhile, the off-axis ray’s path of the OPD has taken the lens incidence point and emergence point into consideration. The correct lens temperature distribution is calculated by the lens barrel heat transfer analysis; the thermal distortion and stress are solved by the Finite Element Method (FEM) software. The temperature distribution is weighted to each incidence ray path, and the thermal OPD is calculated. The thermal OPD on the Z direction is transferred to optical aberration by fitting OPD into a rigid body motion and the Zernike polynomial. The aberration results can be used to evaluate the thermal effect on the correct lens assembly in the telescope system.
Effects of salinity on survival of the exotic seagrass Zostera japonica subjected to extreme high temperature stress
Authors: Kaldy James E. , Shafer Deborah J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Zostera japonica is a non-indigenous seagrass that is expanding along the Pacific Coast of North America. The ecophysiology of this seagrass is poorly studied and management of the species is fragmented. This split-plot mesocosm experiment was designed to evaluate the response of Z. japonica to chronic, extreme temperature and salinity stress to facilitate development of models to predict potential Z. japonica colonization. We collected Z. japonica plants from Padilla Bay, Washington and Yaquina Bay and Coos Bay, Oregon and exposed them to a constant water temperature of 15°C or 35°C at three different salinities (5, 20 and 35). After 7 days exposure, shoot survival ranged between 6% and 42%; after 9 days exposure, only a few plants from the Yaquina Bay population survived. At a ambient temperature (15°C), no differences were detected among the three salinity treatments. However, at a temperature of 35°C, the survival of plants grown at a salinity of 5 was significantly lower than at higher salinities (20 and 35). Although the effect of population was weak, the northern population appeared to be more susceptible to the combined effects of heat stress and low salinity than the southern populations. We suggest that Z. japonica will continue to spread southward along the Pacific coast of North America until it reaches systems that regularly exceed the temperature tolerances of this non-indigenous seagrass.
Recognition and distribution of Polysiphonia morrowii (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in New Zealand
Authors: D’Archino Roberta , Neill Kate F. , Nelson Wendy A. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Polysiphonia morrowii, a species native to the North Pacific, is believed to have been introduced to Chile, Turkey, Italy and France. This species was first recorded from New Zealand in 2011, based on collections made in 2004 from two sites on South Island, but no commentary was provided in the distribution or characteristics of the material collected. In 2009, as part of a study on macroalgae associated with soft sediment habitats in New Zealand, several samples of P. morrowii were collected from Otago Harbour, a location already known to host 17 non-indigenous macroalgal species. However, this species has gone unnoticed in New Zealand. We present the current understanding of the distribution of this species in New Zealand, and the distinguishing features of the specimens collected, to assist with biosecurity and monitoring programmes. Including this report of P. morrowii, there are now seven species of Polysiphonia and Neosiphonia that are regarded as non-indigenous in New Zealand.