bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectory from early responses to transgressions to future antisocial behavior: Evidence for the role of the parent–child relationship from two longitudinal studies
Authors: Kim Sanghag , Kochanska Grazyna , Boldt Lea J. , Nordling Jamie Koenig , O'Bleness Jessica J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractParent–child relationships are critical in development, but much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of their impact. We examined the early parent–child relationship as a moderator of the developmental trajectory from children's affective and behavioral responses to transgressions to future antisocial, externalizing behavior problems in the Family Study (102 community mothers, fathers, and infants, followed through age 8) and the Play Study (186 low-income, diverse mothers and toddlers, followed for 10 months). The relationship quality was indexed by attachment security in the Family Study and maternal responsiveness in the Play Study. Responses to transgressions (tense discomfort and reparation) were observed in laboratory mishaps wherein children believed they had damaged a valued object. Antisocial outcomes were rated by parents. In both studies, early relationships moderated the future developmental trajectory: diminished tense discomfort predicted more antisocial outcomes, but only in insecure or unresponsive relationships. That risk was defused in secure or responsive relationships. Moderated mediation analyses in the Family Study indicated that the links between diminished tense discomfort and future antisocial behavior in insecure parent–child dyads were mediated by stronger discipline pressure from parents. By indirectly influencing future developmental sequelae, early relationships may increase or decrease the probability that the parent–child dyad will embark on a path toward antisocial outcomes.
Development of autobiographical memory in children with autism spectrum disorders: Deficits, gains, and predictors of performance
Authors: Goddard Lorna , Dritschel Barbara , Robinson Sally , Howlin Patricia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAutobiographical memory (AM) was assessed in 63 children (aged 8–17 years) with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compared with 63 typically developing children matched for age, gender, IQ, and verbal ability. A range of methodologies was employed for eliciting past experience with particular focus on the ability to recall (a) specific events, (b) the recent and remote past, and (c) semantic versus episodic memories across different lifetime periods. Results indicated that the ASD group manifested difficulties in retrieving specific memories to word cues and had poorer access to the remote past. Deficits were found in the context of intact recent memory and preserved general memory abilities, with some impairment of visual memory. Problems in retrieving episodic and semantic AMs across the life span were also evident. Qualitative analysis of memory reports suggested that the ASD group was less likely to refer to emotion in their remote memories but more likely to describe emotions in their recent memories. Important predictors of AM performance in the ASD group were central executive abilities, in particular cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency.
Dysphagia: implications for older people
Authors: Miller N , Patterson J 
Published: November 2013

SummaryDysphagia represents a salient concern in many conditions prevalent in older people. There are direct implications for morbidity and mortality. The importance of recognizing and managing dysphagia in hospital and the community also extends to psychosocial impact and quality of life, as well as health, economic and ethical-legal issues. This review outlines reasons for the importance of recognizing and treating dysphagia. It then proceeds to look at recent developments in our understanding of the nature, assessment and management of dysphagia in older people. Whilst there are well-established practices in assessment and management, ongoing work continues to challenge the validity and reliability of many methods. These concerns are covered and directions for future developments highlighted.
Compact antenna element for high‐resolution SAR polarimetry applications
Authors: Jun Jiao Jun , Feng Sun Hui , Kai Deng Yun , Xue Jia Xiao 
Published: November 2013

For high‐resolution synthetic aperture radar polarimetry applications, a compact broadband dual‐polarised antenna element with high port isolation and low cross‐polarisation is investigated. The size of the element is 19 × 19 × 40 mm, which is much smaller than the traditional dual‐polarised horn. The measured results show that the operating frequencies of both the ports are used from 8.2 to 11.0 GHz, about 30% centred about 9.6 GHz, the port isolation level is below −40 dB and the cross‐polarisation is below −35 dB. The radiation patterns and the gain of the element are presented.
30–50 GHz high‐gain CMOS UWB LNA
Authors: Yang Ge Liang , Liu Faen , Muhammad Amin , Wang Zhigong 
Published: November 2013

A 30–50 GHz CMOS ultra‐wideband (UWB) low‐noise amplifier (LNA) with a flat high power gain (S21), along with a flat low‐noise figure (NF) is demonstrated for the Atacama large millimetre array (ALMA) band‐1 (31.3–45 GHz) system applications. The high S21 and low NF are achieved because the triple‐well transistors are utilised with their respective source and body terminals connected together. Furthermore, the bandwidth extension and gain flatness is achieved due to the careful design of the inductive‐peaking networks. The LNA has a measured S21 of 21.5 ± 1.5 dB, a minimum NF (NFmin) of 3.8 dB at 32.5 GHz, an average NF (NFavg) of 4.67 dB over the range of 30–50 GHz and an input third‐order intercept point (IIP3) of 0 dBm, with a DC power consumption of 20.4 mW at 1.2 V supply. The proposed LNA outperforms all the reported commercial standard CMOS Q‐band LNAs, with the highest gain bandwidth product and highest IIP3 suitable for the ALMA band‐1 system applications.
Monolithically integrated terahertz quantum cascade array laser
Authors: Chen Jian‐Yan , Liu Junqi , Wang Tao , Liu Fengqi , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: November 2013

By integrating triple terahertz quantum cascade lasers (at ∼3.25 THz) monolithically into an array, a peak power of 213 mW is obtained at 10 K with a threshold current density of only 257 A/cm2. The device shows distinct single‐lobe far‐field behaviour in the temperature range from 10 to 90 K, with a full‐width at half‐maximum of 36°. The highest operating temperature of the array laser is identical to that of the single ridge laser, indicating good heat dissipation design in the array. These results are promising for realising high power THz quantum cascade lasers.
Collective polarization model for gradient sensing via Dachsous-Fat intercellular signaling
Authors: Mani Madhav , Goyal Sidhartha , Irvine Kenneth D. , Shraiman Boris I. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Morphogenesis is a biological process that generates the physical form and structure of multicellular organisms. Although many of the genes controlling morphogenesis are known, little is understood of the mechanisms that define tissue shape and size. Prominent among these mechanisms is the contact signaling between cells mediated by two cell adhesion-type proteins Dachsous and Fat, which regulate cell division in response to the spatially graded distribution of morphogens, factors governing tissue patterning and growth. Here, based on the known behavior of this signaling pathway, we develop a model of the underlying mechanism that relates signaling to the polarization of Dachsous/Fat heterodimers on cell interfaces. This model explains observed phenotypes, makes quantitative predictions, and provides a framework for further experimental studies.
Tuberous sclerosis 1 (Tsc1)-dependent metabolic checkpoint controls development of dendritic cells
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Huang Gonghua , Zeng Hu , Yang Kai , Lamb Richard F. , Chi Hongbo 
Published: November 2013

Significance
A fundamental question in immunology is how the coordination of immune signals and metabolic programs regulates immune responses. The identification of metabolic pathways orchestrating the activation of lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) has advanced our understanding of immune activation, but whether cell metabolism contributes to development of immune cells is unknown. Here we have genetically defined a crucial metabolic checkpoint for DC development that is mediated by the interplay between Tsc1-mTOR complex 1 signaling and Myc-dependent bioenergetic and biosynthetic programs. Dysregulation of this pathway impairs survival, proliferation, and functional differentiation of DCs, thereby highlighting the importance of metabolic programming of DC development.
Deletion of microRNA-155 reduces autoantibody responses and alleviates lupus-like disease in theFaslprmouse
Authors: Thai To-Ha , Patterson Heide Christine , Pham Duc-Hung , Kis-Toth Katalin , Kaminski Denise A. , Tsokos George C. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceThe host immune system provides diverse defense mechanisms to fight harmful bacteria and viruses. One of these mechanisms is the production of antibodies targeting infectious agents. However, the production of antibodies has to be tightly controlled. Insufficient control of the immune system may result in the development of autoimmune diseases, including lupus. Lupus is characterized by the production of antibodies attacking the kidneys, leading to life-threatening kidney failure if untreated. In this study, we show that microRNA-155, one member of a family of regulatory molecules, promotes the production of antibodies. By deleting microRNA-155, we can prevent the production of harmful antibodies and alleviate lupus-like disease in mice. Our results suggest the possibility of targeting microRNA-155 to treat autoimmune diseases.
Characterization of the human ESC transcriptome by hybrid sequencing
Authors: Au Kin Fai , Sebastiano Vittorio , Afshar Pegah Tootoonchi , Durruthy Jens Durruthy , Lee Lawrence , Williams Brian A. , van Bakel Harm , Schadt Eric E. , Reijo-Pera Renee A. , Underwood Jason G. , Wong Wing Hung 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Isoform identification and discovery are an important goal for transcriptome analysis because the majority of human genes express multiple isoforms with context- and tissue-specific functions. Better annotation of isoforms will also benefit downstream analysis such as expression quantification. Current RNA-Seq methods based on short-read sequencing are not reliable for isoform discovery. In this study we developed a new method based on the combined analysis of short reads and long reads generated, respectively, by second- and third-generation sequencing and applied this method to obtain a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptome of the human embryonic stem cell. The results showed that large gain in sensitivity and specificity can be achieved with this strategy.
Rho of Plant GTPase Signaling Regulates the Behavior of Arabidopsis Kinesin-13A to Establish Secondary Cell Wall Patterns
Authors: Oda Yoshihisa , Fukuda Hiroo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Plant cortical microtubule arrays determine the cell wall deposition pattern and proper cell shape and function. Although various microtubule-associated proteins regulate the cortical microtubule array, the mechanisms underlying marked rearrangement of cortical microtubules during xylem differentiation are not fully understood. Here, we show that local Rho of Plant (ROP) GTPase signaling targets an Arabidopsis thaliana kinesin-13 protein, Kinesin-13A, to cortical microtubules to establish distinct patterns of secondary cell wall formation in xylem cells. Kinesin-13A was preferentially localized with cortical microtubules in secondary cell wall pits, areas where cortical microtubules are depolymerized to prevent cell wall deposition. This localization of Kinesin-13A required the presence of the activated ROP GTPase, MICROTUBULE DEPLETION DOMAIN1 (MIDD1) protein, and cortical microtubules. Knockdown of Kinesin-13A resulted in the formation of smaller secondary wall pits, while overexpression of Kinesin-13A enlarged their surface area. Kinesin-13A alone could depolymerize microtubules in vitro; however, both MIDD1 and Kinesin-13A were required for the depolymerization of cortical microtubules in vivo. These results indicate that Kinesin-13A regulates the formation of secondary wall pits by promoting cortical microtubule depolymerization via the ROP-MIDD1 pathway.
The Actin-Related Protein2/3 Complex Regulates Mitochondrial-Associated Calcium Signaling during Salt Stress inArabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Yi , Pan Zhen , Zhang Yan , Qu Xiaolu , Zhang Yuguo , Yang Yongqing , Jiang Xiangning , Huang Shanjin , Yuan Ming , Schumaker Karen S. , Guo Yan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicrofilament and Ca2+ dynamics play important roles in stress signaling in plants. Through genetic screening of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that are defective in stress-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt), we identified Actin-Related Protein2 (Arp2) as a regulator of [Ca2+]cyt in response to salt stress. Plants lacking Arp2 or other proteins in the Arp2/3 complex exhibited enhanced salt-induced increases in [Ca2+]cyt, decreased mitochondria movement, and hypersensitivity to salt. In addition, mitochondria aggregated, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opened, and mitochondrial membrane potential Ψm was impaired in the arp2 mutant, and these changes were associated with salt-induced cell death. When opening of the enhanced mitochondrial permeability transition pore was blocked or increases in [Ca2+]cyt were prevented, the salt-sensitive phenotype of the arp2 mutant was partially rescued. These results indicate that the Arp2/3 complex regulates mitochondrial-dependent Ca2+ signaling in response to salt stress.
A reaction cell for time-resolvedin situXAS studies during wet chemical synthesis: the Cu2(OH)3Cl case
Authors: Boita Jocenir , do Carmo Martins Alves Maria , Morais Jonder 
Published: November 2013

The use ofin situtime-resolved dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (DXAS) to monitor the formation of Cu2(OH)3Cl particles in an aqueous solution is reported. The measurements were performed using a dedicated reaction cell, which enabled the evolution of the CuK-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy to be followed during mild chemical synthesis. The formed Cu2(OH)3Cl particles were also characterized by synchrotron-radiation-excited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the electronic and structural properties of the formed particles was investigated. The results indicate clearly the formation of Cu2(OH)3Cl, with or without the use of PVP, which presents very similar crystalline structures in the long-range order. However, depending on the reaction, dramatic differences were observed byin situDXAS in the vicinities of the Cu atoms.
Floral neighbourhood effects on pollination success in red clover are scale‐dependent
Authors: Hegland Stein J. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Plant‐pollinator interactions are highly important because of its direct link to plant fitness and because such interactions involve species at different trophic levels. Our understanding of competitive and facilitative interactions among plants for pollination is of large importance to govern conservation of species and management of crop production. Still we know little about the scale dependency of plant–plant interactions for pollinator visitation which is central to both basic and applied ecology.

Here, I tested whether plant–plant interactions for bumblebee visitation and subsequent reproduction were scale‐dependent by studying the ecologically and economically important red clover (Trifolium pratense) and its floral neighbourhood. I expected that high floral densities at small scale could trigger facilitative interactions due to concentration effects of pollinators. This was expected to change into competitive interactions when floral densities became higher at coarser scales because of dilution effects. I also expected that increased bumblebee visitation would increase fruit production in red clover.

The interaction for pollination success in red clover appeared to be scale‐dependent in the landscape under study. At plot scale, the bumblebee visitation rate to red clover inflorescences increased with both intra‐ and interspecific floral density, indicating facilitative interaction for pollinator visitation among red clover flowers and its nearest floral neighbourhood. Increased visitation of bumblebees led to subsequent increased fruit set, but there was a saturating effect as fruit set did not increase when visitation rates exceeded a certain level. As the floral neighbourhood became denser at a coarser scale, the interactions for pollinator visitation changed towards competition.

This study shows that key ecological processes such as plant–pollinator interactions may indeed be scale‐dependent and that the relative importance of competition and facilitation among plants for attracting pollinators may change with scale. The density of the floral neighbourhood of a focal species (e.g. key‐, rare‐, crop species) may thus be of large importance for its pollination and fruit production. My findings suggest that increasing floral densities at fine scales may have facilitative effects on pollinator visitation to red clover, whereas pollinators may be drawn away when floral resources become denser at coarser scale.
Resource availability modulates above‐ and below‐ground competitive interactions between genotypes of a dominantC4grass
Authors: Chang Cynthia C. , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe well‐described pattern of a few common and many rare species in plant communities (dominance‐diversity curves) also has been documented within populations of dominant plant species. Understanding how these common genotypes coexist has implications for how genotype richness of a dominant species may impact community and ecosystem processes. Some studies have shown that increased genotype richness of a dominant species leads to an increase in above‐ground productivity, suggesting niche complementarity between genotypes. However, mechanistic understanding of how genotypes may complement one another is lacking.We conducted a pairwise competition experiment between four common and naturally co‐occurring genotypes of a dominantC4grass species,Andropogon gerardii, in tallgrass prairie of the centralUnitedStates. The genotypes were grown under both intra‐ and intergenotypic competition with different combinations of resources (low and high light, water, and nitrogen) in the greenhouse.We determined that there were above‐ and below‐ground phenotypic differences between genotypes which results in altered competitive interactions depending on resource conditions. Different genotypes were competitively dominant under low‐ and high‐light conditions and low and highNand water availability. Moreover, relative yield total values (RYT) for each genotype pairwise combination indicated that all four genotypes make demands on different resources, providing evidence for niche complementarity.Finally, we found that differential success in resource acquisition, biomass accumulation, and subsequent competitive ability translated to variation in vegetative reproductive success of the genotypes, which has implications for the population dynamics of this primarily asexually reproducing perennial grass.Our results suggest that naturally co‐occurring genotypes coexist because they are competitively dominant under different environmental conditions, providing insight into how genetic diversity within dominant plant species is maintained and may potentially affect important ecosystem processes.
Interactive effects of landscape history and current management on dispersal trait diversity in grassland plant communities
Authors: Purschke Oliver , Sykes Martin T. , Poschlod Peter , Michalski Stefan G. , Römermann Christine , Durka Walter , Kühn Ingolf , Prentice Honor C. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Plant communities and their ecosystem functions are expected to be more resilient to future habitat fragmentation and deterioration if the species comprising the communities have a wide range of dispersal and persistence strategies. However, the extent to which the diversity of dispersal and persistence traits in plant communities is determined by the current and historical characteristics of sites and their surrounding landscape has yet to be explored.

Using quantitative information on long‐distance seed dispersal potential by wind and animals (dispersal in space) and on species' persistence/longevity (dispersal in time), we (i) compared levels of dispersal and persistence trait diversity (functional richness, FRic, and functional divergence, FDiv) in seminatural grassland plant communities with those expected by chance, and (ii) quantified the extent to which trait diversity was explained by current and historical landscape structure and local management history – taking into account spatial and phylogenetic autocorrel.

Null model analysis revealed that more grassland communities than expected had a level of trait diversity that was lower or higher than predicted, given the level of species richness. Both the range (FRic) and divergence (FDiv) of dispersal and persistence trait values increased with grassland age. FDiv was mainly explained by the interaction between current grazing intensity and the amount of grassland habitat in the surrounding landscape in 1938.

Synthesis. The study suggests that the variability of dispersal and persistence traits in grassland plant communities is driven by deterministic assembly processes, with both history and current management (and their interactions), playing a major role as determinants of trait diversity. While a long continuity of grazing management is likely to have promoted the diversity of dispersal and persistence traits in present‐day grasslands, communities in sites that are well grazed at the present day, and were also surrounded by large amounts of grassland in the past, showed the highest diversity of dispersal and persistence strategies. Our results indicate that the historical context of a site within a landscape will influence the extent to which current grazing management is able to maintain a diversity of dispersal and persistence strategies and buffer communities (and their associated functions) against continuing habitat fragmentation.