bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical zonality of fractionated granite plutons reflected in zircon chemistry: the Cínovec A-type versus the Beauvoir S-type suite
Authors: Breiter Karel , Škoda Radek 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We studied vertical changes in the chemical composition of zircon from two contrasting Variscan granite systems. The Beauvoir system (Massif Central, France) composed of three successive intrusions (B1, B2, B3) represents typical peraluminous S-type granite extremely enriched in P, F, Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Sn, Nb, Ta, and poor in Zr, Th, REE and Y. The Cínovec system (Krušné hory Mts/Erzgebirge, Czech Republic/Germany) composed of two successive intrusions (protolithionite granite, zinnwaldite granite) is only slightly peraluminous, P-poor, F, Li, Rb, Cs, U, Th, REE, Y, Sc, Sn, W, Nb, Ta-rich granite, which may be classified as A-type. In both localities, the most fractionated intrusions are located on the top of the system. Samples from borehole GPF-1 (Beauvoir) represent an 800 m long vertical section through the entire granite stock, while CS-1 borehole (Cínovec) reached a depth of 1600 m. Chemical compositions of zircons from both granite systems show distinct vertical zonality, but their shape and elemental speciation is highly contrasting. At Beauvoir, zircon shows a remarkable increase in Hf-content from 2-4 wt. % HfO2 (~0.03 apfu Hf) in the deepest B3-unit to 15-19 wt. % HfO2 (up to 0.18 apfu Hf) in the uppermost B1-unit. The highest contents of F, P, and U were detected in the intermediate unit B2 at a depth of 400-600 m. At Cínovec, Hf shows only moderate enrichment from ca. 2 wt. % HfO2 in the deeper protolithionite granite to 5-10 wt. % HfO2 in the uppermost part of the zinnwaldite granite. High contents of Th (3-8 wt. % ThO2) are entirely bound in the uppermost section of the granite copula to a depth of 200 m, but below this level the contents only sporadically exceed 1 wt. % ThO2. Concentrations of U, Y, HREE, Sc and Bi also reach their highest values in the uppermost parts of the zinnwaldite granite, but their decrease downward is much gentler. Extreme enrichment of outer zones of zircon crystals from some granites with Hf or high contents of Th, U, REE, Y, Nb and of some other elements in zircons from other localities is not considered to be a specific phenomenon characterizing melts of A- or S-type granite, but reflects a high degree of fractionation of systems rich in Na and F.
Toxicity of lead: a review with recent updates
Authors: Flora Gagan , Gupta Deepesh , Tiwari Archana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Lead poisoning has been recognized as a major public health risk, particularly in developing countries. Though various occupational and public health measures have been undertaken in order to control lead exposure, cases of lead poisoning are still reported. Exposure to lead produces various deleterious effects on the hematopoietic, renal, reproductive and central nervous system, mainly through increased oxidative stress. These alterations play a prominent role in disease manifestations. Modulation of cellular thiols for protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been used as a therapeutic strategy against lead poisoning. N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, vitamin E, quercetin and a few herbal extracts show prophylaxis against the majority of lead mediated injury in both invitro and in vivo studies. This review provides a comprehensive account of recent updates describing health effects of lead exposure, relevant biomarkers and mechanisms involved in lead toxicity. It also updates the readers about recent advances in chelation therapy and newer therapeutic strategies, like nanoencapsulation, to treat lead induced toxic manifestations.
Effects of Xenobiotics on Total Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: FerrariKusano Bucalen Carlos 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The objective of this article was to review the effects of xenobiotics on total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Measurement of TAC is appropriate for evaluation of the total antioxidant defenses of blood, cells, and different kinds of tissues and organs. TAC is reduced by alcoholism, smoking, and exposure to radiation, herbicides, carbon monoxide, carbon tetrachloride, lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, aluminum, and other toxic elements. The test is also an important tool in evaluating environmental and occupational exposure.
Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup®
Authors: Jasper Raquel , Locatelli Gabriel Olivo , Pilati Celso , Locatelli Claudriana 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the toxicity of hepatic, hematological, and oxidative effects of glyphosate-Roundup® on male and female albino Swiss mice. The animals were treated orally with either 50 or 500 mg/kg body weight of the herbicide, on a daily basis for a period of 15 days. Distilled water was used as control treatment. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the treatment. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum enzymes ALT, AST, and γ-GT and renal toxicity by urea and creatinine. We also investigated liver tissues histopathologically. Alterations of hematological parameters were monitored by RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and NPSH (non-protein thiols) were analyzed in the liver to assess oxidative damage. Significant increases in the levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and γ-GT) were observed for both herbicide treatments, but no considerable differences were found by histological analysis. The hematological parameters showed significant alterations (500 mg/kg body weight) with reductions of RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, together with a significant increase of MCV, in both sexes of mice. In males, there was an important increase in lipid peroxidation at both dosage levels, together with an NPSH decrease in the hepatic tissue, whereas in females significant changes in these parameters were observed only at the higher dose rate. The results of this study indicate that glyphosate-Roundup® can promote hematological and hepatic alterations, even at subacute exposure, which could be related to the induction of reactive oxygen species.
Comparison in the efficiency of different murine lines for genotoxicity assays
Authors: Arencibia-Arrebola Daniel Francisco , Rosario-Fernández Luis Alfredo , Suárez-Fernández Yolanda Emilia , Vidal-Novoa Alexis , Delgado-Roche Livan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to compare the efficiency of different murine lines for genotoxicity assays. Rats and mice of different murine lines were used. The spontaneous and induced indexes were evaluated according to alkaline comet assay of peripheral blood leukocytes, micronucleus and chromosomic aberration assay of bone marrow cell, and sperm head morphology assay. In most of the evaluated assays the line of Balb/c mice turned out to be the ideal biomodel, with less spontaneous indexes and high induced indexes to the mutagen used; allowing to detect in a narrow error margin those substances that are classified of very low genotoxicity. These results demonstrate that genetically the line of Balb/c mice in both sexes is more stable than the other ones evaluated. This suggests the use of the Balb/c line on in vivo genotoxicity assay will increase sensibility and robustness.
Recognition of endangered and protected species in the flora and their current condition: an example from Sokołowice forest administration region (Oleśnica forest district)
Authors: Gorzelak Piotr 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article is an attempt to draw attention to the differentiation used to conserve endangered and protected species of flora in an area that is administered by the management board of the State Forests. I also draw attention to areas of insufficient knowledge of this subject-matter. A detailed inventory of endangered and protected species of flora for the purpose of planning in forestry would be very useful in light of laws related to nature conservation and the problem of preserving biological diversity. Research in the forest administration region of Sokołowice indicates that almost 2/3 (65.16%) of all sites harbouring endangered and protected species of flora are new (previously undocumented), despite the existence of numerous protected areas – this fact indicates that there are great research possibilities in this field. The main conclusion from this research confirms that multifunctional forestry in Poland will provide the greatest opportunity to preserve the widespread and numerous sites holding endangered and protected species of flora in economically important forests.
Somatotype characteristics of male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Baltadjiev Atanas G. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder and as such it no doubt affects the components of somatotype of diabetics.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the somatotype of males with type 2 diabetes.
Patients and methods: In the study we assessed anthropometrically 169 male patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients were Bulgarian; they were allocated into two age groups: group 1 included 40-60-year-old patients and group 2 - 61-80-year olds. Healthy Bulgarian men without any history of metabolic, neoplastic, or other diseases were used as controls divided into age matched groups. Measurements obtained directly were height, body weight, biepicondylar breadth of humerus, biepicondylar breadth of femur, relaxed upper arm circumference, contracted upper arm circumference, forearm circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference. Skin folds: subscapular, over rib 10, suprailiac, over abdomen, triceps, biceps, forearm, thigh, calf. Calculated parameters: Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype components.
Results: Mean somatotype of 40-60-year-old male diabetics was endomorphic mesomorph (endo-mesomorph), (endo 5.03; meso 6.57; ecto 2.01). Mean somatotype 61-80-year-old diabetic males was endomorphic mesomorph (endo-mesomorph), (endo 4.14; meso 5.88; ecto 1.64). The between-age comparison showed the somatotype in both age groups of diabetic males to be endomorphic mesomorph. The mesomorphy was dominant, followed by endomorphy and ectomorphy was far behind. The differences in the ratings of the somatotype components were of high statistical significance (P < 0.001). The mesomorphy and endomorphy ratings in patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-60 years were greater than those of patients aged 61-80 years with the difference reaching statistical significance (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Both age groups of male diabetics presented with endomorphic mesomorph somatotype. Mesomorphy was the highest, followed by endomorphy. Ectomorphy lagged substantially behind, leading to a shift in the somatoplot upward to mesomorphy and leftward to endomorphy. Unlike the findings of studies in foreign countries presenting markedly dominating endomorphy, in our study Bulgarian diabetic males presented with dominating mesomorphy. This can be regarded as a characteristic feature of Bulgarian diabetic patients. This could be accounted for by the role played by factors such as lifestyle, habits, environment, diet, methods of treatment, etc. The somatotype of Bulgarian diabetic males (endomorphic mesomorph) is more favourable with regard to the risk, course and prognosis of the disease.
Severe Throat Pain in Patients with Negative Oropharyngeal Examination: Four Case Reports and Overview of the Literature
Authors: Peltekis Georgios , Palaskas Dimitrios , Anyfantakis Dimitrios , Symvoulakis Emmanouil K. , Kyrmizakis Dionysios E. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Throat pain is one of the most frequent complaints prompting patient visits to healthcare
professionals. Primary care physicians being the fi rst contact point are frequently encountered
with symptoms such as sore throat and odynophagia. However, high level of diagnostic
uncertainty exists when the oropharyngeal examination is normal despite patients’
complaints of severe pain. We present four Caucasian Greek patients, two males aged 47
and 57 years and two females aged 32 and 47 years respectively admitted to an Ear Nose
and Throat department of a general hospital, with severe throat pain and initially normal
oropharyngeal examination. This case series highlights the necessity for a high level of
suspicion on the part of the primary care physicians when facing patients complaining of
severe throat pain since their symptoms may indicate conditions such as supraglottitis, lingual
tonsillitis or pemphigus vulgaris. A careful clinical examination, including an indirect
laryngoscopy, is required especially when the initial oropharyngeal examination is normal.
Combining ability of carrot (Daucus carota L.) lines and heritability of yield and its quality components
Authors: Jagosz Barbara 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the combining ability of inbred lines in terms of traits important for the development of hybrid carrot cultivars with high yields and better root quality. The experimental plant material consisted of 15 inbred lines that were crossed in an incomplete diallel design to produce 34 hybrids. It was observed that the variation of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects (RE) were significant for all of the tested characters, except SCA for sugars. Among the tested lines, the RFO had the most positive GCA for the yield; at the some time, the RFO line had negative GCA for carotenes and dry matter content. A significant positive GCA was found for all traits, except monosaccharides and nitrates, for the 2163 line. Most of the crosses based on the RFO and 2163 lines yielded well; additionally, the hybrids based on 2163 presented high levels of quality characters. The ratio of GCA:SCA indicated that the quality traits were mainly affected by additive gene effects, but the yield was controlled more by non-additive gene effects. Heritability in a broad sense presented a higher environmental influence for yield than the quality characters of carrot roots.
Surgical Repair and Rehabilitation of a Combined 330° Capsulolabral Lesion and Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear in a Professional Quarterback: A Case Report
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Macrina Leonard C. , Yenchak Adrian J. , Cain E. Lyle , Andrews James R. 
Published: February 2013

Study Design Case report. Background Traumatic glenohumeral dislocations with concomitant rotator cuff and capsular injuries present a unique and challenging surgical and rehabilitative condition, particularly in the overhead-throwing athlete. Multiple injuries of the shoulder complex create the potential for complications in the course of recovery and place a full return to high-level sport at risk. The purpose of this case report is to present the multiphased rehabilitation approach of an elite professional quarterback after an acute 330° capsulolabral reconstruction and rotator cuff repair as a result of a luxatio erecta injury. Case Description A 26-year-old male professional football player, a quarterback, sustained a right luxatio erecta shoulder dislocation while trying to recover a fumble during a regular-season game. The injury occurred when he was hit in the back of his throwing shoulder, which was in an abducted and externally rotated position, while lying on the ground. Five days postinjury, he underwent a 330° capsulolabral repair, with concomitant rotator cuff repair and subacromial decompression. He completed 28 weeks of a multiphased rehabilitation program. Outcomes The patient returned to play in the National Football League (NFL) 8 months later, for the start of the next season, during which he had his most productive year as a professional quarterback, leading the league in passing yards and finishing third in the league for the number of touchdowns. Since the injury, the patient has played 6 consecutive seasons, starting over 96 consecutive, regular-season games and maintaining a very high level of play. Discussion This case report highlights the clinical decision-making process and management of this rare, severe injury. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(3):142–153. Epub 12 February 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.3726
La Mobilité Commerciale Du Bétail Entre Le Sahel Et Les Pays Côtiers: L'avenir Du Convoyage À Pied
Authors: Corniaux Christian , Thébaud Brigitte , Gautier Denis 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper debates the future of long-distance commercial trekking of cattle, from Sahelian countries to the terminal markets on the coast. In the general context of shrinking access to pastoral resources, and constraints affecting livestock mobility throughout West Africa, this time-honoured form of export is being called into question by national governments and local authorities. Road transport of live animals and the reintroduction of refrigerated-meat value-chains are increasingly being proposed as better alternatives. Based on field research conducted within the framework of an EU funded regional programme, the authors challenge this vision and conclude that trading cattle on the hoof retains optimal levels of efficiency, especially in the trade of young animals as they actually gain weight 'for free' during the deliberately slow-paced journey which may last several months. In comparison, road transport remains heavily constrained by poor infrastructure, limited availability of vehicles and high transport related costs - including non-physical barriers. Support for on-the-hoof cattle trade through national and regional policies will be crucial if the competitiveness of the Sahelian beef-export value-chain is to be strengthened in a context of growing urban demand for meat, declining consumer purchasing power and strong competition from other animal protein sources (fish, chicken and imported meat).
Maternal transmission of human papillomavirus in retinoblastoma: A possible route of transfer
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Anand , Pallavi V R , Jayshree R S , Kumar Rekha V 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Context: After establishing the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in retinoblastoma (RB), the probable role of the mother was investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 sporadic RB cases and 15/21 corresponding mothers′ cervical brushings were collected. HPV testing was carried out using multiplex PCR (PGMY09/11 primers) followed by genotyping using line blot assay. Results: We found both high- (83%) and intermediate-risk (17%) HPV types in 12/21 (57%) RB samples and only high-risk (100%) types in 6/15 (40%) cervical brushing samples. The single genotype of HPV 16 was found in six cases and HPVs 82, 68 and 35 in one case each. Both HPVs 16 and 59 were found in two cases and HPV 16 and 73 in one case. Three samples of RB harboring HPV 16, HPVs 16 and 59, and HPVs 16 and 73 had HPV genotype 16 in the respective mothers′ cervical brushing samples. Conclusions: Maternal transfer of HPV in RB could be a possible route of transmission. However, a larger cohort and sampling of the mothers′ cervical brushings at various stages, i.e. before, during, and after pregnancy will give us insight to propound an alternate mechanism for the development of sporadic RB.
Imaging spectrum of primary malignant renal neoplasms in children
Authors: Anand Rama , Narula Mahender K , Gupta Isha , Chaudhary Vikas , Choudhury Subhasis Roy , Jain Manjula 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWilms′ tumor (WT) is the most common abdominal tumor in children. Many pediatric renal tumors in the past were categorized as WT; however, in recent years, several specific renal tumors have been recognized as distinct pathological entities. The age and clinical presentation of the child and distinctive imaging features may help in reaching a specific diagnosis in most cases. This is important as it has implications on the pre-operative diagnostic work-up and prognosis of the child. However, it is often not possible to differentiate one from the other pediatric renal tumor on the basis of imaging alone, and the final diagnosis is often made at histological examination of the surgical specimen. This article reviews the imaging features of primary malignant renal neoplasms in children along with their clinical presentation and pathological features.
Case Reports of Cancer Patients with Hepatic Metastases Treated by Standardized Plant Immunomodulatory Preparations
Authors: Tibor Hajto  , Angelika Kirsch  
Published: February 2013

Background:Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma often has a multifocal tumor pattern with markedly depressed hepatic function. Hepatic resection in many cases results in no long-term benefit. After a chemotherapy hepatic tumors rarely disappear completely and the duration of responses is short. In the last decades growing evidence suggested that a disturbed balance in the innate system can also play a role in the poor prognosis of hepatic tumors. Objectives:The aim of this article is to present and discuss several favorable clinical responses of patients with hepatic metastases who parallel to conventional oncologic therapy, were treated with immunologically effective and standardized plant extracts. Course of Therapy and Results: In accordance with the bell-shaped dose-response relationship of mistletoe lectins (MLs), the patients were treated with a fermented mistletoe extract (ME) preparation, standardized for the active sugar-binding lectin contents. Thus, an optimal dose between 0.5 and 1.0ng/kg MLs was given twice a week subcutaneously. In addition to ML therapy, a heteropolysaccharide rice bran preparation standardized for arabinoxylan (12-45mg/kg MGN-3/BiobranR twice a week) and wheat germ extract (WGE) standardized for 2, 6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (50-80mg/kg AvemarR four times a week) was also given. In these case reports the clinical progress of seven patients showed a complete or nearly complete remission of hepatic metastases. Conclusion:ML, MGN-3 and WGE seem to be potent candidates to be regarded as a supportive therapy to surgery, hormone treatment or chemotherapy for patients with hepatic metastases. These case reports require further clinical studies.
Anti-Cancer and Anti-Microbial Activity Studies of Some Complexes of Trimethoprim
Authors: Ali El-Shekeil  , Abeer Omer  , Sama Al-Aghbari  , Omar Al-Shuja'a  
Published: February 2013

2,4-Diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine, trimethoprim (TMP), was reacted with Cu, Zn, Fe and Ti. The products were characterized by elemental (CHN) analysis, FTIR, magnetic moment measurements, conductance measurements, electronic spectra, 13C spectra. All complexes were investigated for their anti-bacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were also screened for their in vitro anti-cancer potential using Hela and PC3 cells. All the complexes showed excellent anti-bacterial activity even more than TMP while TMP-Ti displayed good cytotoxic activity in vitro against Hela cells and TMP-Cu showed moderate cytotoxicity against PC3 cells.