bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically controllable perchlorate removal based on poly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol) doped with p‐toluene sulfonate
Authors: Dai Jiangying , Tao Yongxin , Gu Xiaogang , Liu Zhong , Kong Yong , Liu Wenjie , Ma Jianfeng , Wei Yong 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol) (PANOA) was synthesized via electrochemical copolymerization of o‐aminophenol and aniline using p‐toluene sulfonate (TSA−) as the counterion. The redox transformation of PANOA is accompanied by the exchange of anions into and out of the copolymer, and the feasibility of perchlorate (ClO4−) removal via an electrically switched ion exchange process was evaluated in this study. The results of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated the successful release of TSA− upon reduction and uptake of ClO4− upon reoxidation of the copolymer. Also, in this work, the possible ion‐exchange mechanism of PANOA was proposed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41895.
Pinning Synchronization in Networked Lagrangian Systems
Authors: Ma Mihua , Zhou Jin , Cai Jianping 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the synchronization problem of networked Lagrangian systems based on pinning control framework on complex networks. We propose a pinning algorithm to guarantee the controlled synchronization of networked identical Lagrangian systems by applying local linear feedback injections to a small fraction of nodes. We also present some simple yet generic criteria on pinning synchronization for such an algorithm over undirected connected graphs, where all the agents are regulated to follow a synchronization state. Furthermore, the pinning controllability in networked Lagrangian systems is also discussed. Compared with some existing works on networked Lagrangian systems, the distinctive advantages of the proposed pinning algorithm include: (i) independence on the knowledge of system models; (ii) explicit consideration of agent's intrinsic complex dynamics; and (iii) simplicity of implement procedure in practice. Subsequently, the results are illustrated by a typical Lagrangian network composing of eight two‐link revolute manipulators. Numerical simulations with different kinds of pinning schemes are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.
Can We Shift and/or Broaden the Catalysis Regime towards Ambient Temperature?
Authors: Gopinath Chinnakonda S. , Roy Kanak , Nagarajan Sankaranarayanan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn attempt was made to shift the temperature regime of oxidation catalysis towards ambient temperatures by employing surface modification (SM) as a handle. Systematic SM of Pd(1 1 1) was performed by O‐atom diffusion into the subsurfaces. Virgin and modified Pd(1 1 1) catalysts were evaluated for CO oxidation. Typical CO poisoning observed on virgin surfaces was partially lifted, and ambient CO oxidation was observed on the modified surfaces. CO oxidation was followed by the molecular beam method and near‐ambient pressure (NAP) photoelectron spectroscopy under different pressure regimes. UV valence band spectral analysis of the SM and the CO+O2 reaction on modified Pd(1 1 1) surfaces under NAP conditions demonstrated changes in the electronic structures of the surfaces with a change in surface potential by 0.35 eV and directly probed CO2 formation under the reaction conditions. Supported metal catalysts may be subjected to SM and evaluated for a shift in the catalysis regime for many different reactions.
Well‐Defined Single‐Site Monohydride Silica‐Supported Zirconium from Azazirconacyclopropane
Authors: Hamzaoui Bilel , Eter Mohamad El , Abou‐hamad Edy , Chen Yin , Pelletier Jérémie D. A. , Basset Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe silica‐supported azazirconacyclopropane SiOZr(HNMe2)(η2‐NMeCH2)(NMe2) (1) leads exclusively under hydrogenolysis conditions (H2, 150 °C) to the single‐site monopodal monohydride silica‐supported zirconium species SiOZr(HNMe2)(NMe2)2H (2). Reactivity studies by contacting compound 2 with ethylene, hydrogen/ethylene, propene, or hydrogen/propene, at a temperature of 200 °C revealed alkene hydrogenation.
Subcomponent Self‐Assembly of a 4 nm M4L6 Tetrahedron with ZnII Vertices and Perylene Bisimide Dye Edges
Authors: Frischmann Peter D. , Kunz Valentin , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFormation of a tetrahedron with >4 nm perylene bisimide (PBI) dye edges and ZnII vertices in a one‐pot 22 component self‐assembly reaction is reported. The luminescent polyhedron equilibrates to a Zn2L3 helicate and disassembles upon dilution. Insights into the subcomponent self‐assembly of extended PBI ligands help to refine design rules for constructing large photofunctional metallosupramolecular hosts.
Reactions of Group 4 Metallocenes with Monosubstituted Acetonitriles: Keteniminate Formation versus CC Coupling
Authors: Becker Lisanne , Haehnel Martin , Spannenberg Anke , Arndt Perdita , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe reactions of the Group 4 metallocene dichlorides [Cp′2MCl2] (1 a: M=Ti, Cp′=Cp*=η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, 1 b: M=Zr, Cp′=Cp=η5‐cyclopentadienyl) with lithiated MesCH2CN gave [Cp*2TiCl(N=C=C(HMes))] (3; Mes=mesityl) in the case of 1 a. For compound 1 b, a nitrile–nitrile coupling resulted in a five‐membered bridge in 4. The reaction of the metallocene alkyne complex [Cp*2Zr(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (2) with PhCH2CN led in the first step to the unstable product [Cp*2Zr(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)(NCCH2Ph)] (5). After the elimination of the alkyne, a mixture of products was formed. By variation of the solvent and the reaction temperature, three compounds were isolated: a diazadiene complex 6, a bis(keteniminate) complex 7, and 8 with a keteniminate ligand and a five‐membered metallacycle. Subsequent variation of the Cp ligand and the metal center by using [Cp2Zr] and [Cp*2Ti] with Me3SiC2SiMe3 in the reactions with PhCH2CN gave complex mixtures.
Synthesis, Bioactivity, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Furan‐Based Peptides as 20S Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Sun Qi , Xu Bo , Niu Yan , Xu Fengrong , Liang Lei , Wang Chao , Yu Jiapei , Yan Gang , Wang Wei , Jin Hongwei , Xu Ping 
Published: January 2015

AbstractProteasome inhibitors are promising compounds for a number of therapies, including cardiovascular and eye diseases, diabetes, and cancers. We previously reported a series of furan‐based peptidic inhibitors with moderate potencies against the proteasome β5 subunit, hypothesizing that the C‐terminal furyl ketone motif could form a covalent bond with the catalytic residue, threonine 1. In this context, we describe further optimizations of the furan‐based peptides, and a series of dipeptidic and tripeptidic inhibitors were designed and synthesized, aiming at improved potency and better solubility. Most of the tripeptidic inhibitors demonstrated improved potency and selectivity as β5 subunit inhibitors in both enzymatic and cellular assays, and good antineoplastic activities in various tumor cell lines were also observed. However, no inhibitory effects were observed for the dipeptidic compounds, which led us to presume that a noncovalent binding mode is adopted. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to verify this presumption, with results showing that the distance between the furyl ketone motif and Thr1 is slightly too long to form covalent bond.
EZH2 expression is a prognostic factor in childhood intracranial ependymoma: A Canadian Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study
Authors: Li Amanda M. , Dunham Christopher , Tabori Uri , Carret Anne‐Sophie , McNeely P. Daniel , Johnston Donna , Lafay‐Cousin Lucie , Wilson Beverly , Eisenstat David D. , Jabado Nada , Zelcer Shayna , Silva Mariana , Scheinemann Katrin , Fryer Christopher , Hendson Glenda , Fotovati Abbas , Hawkins Cynthia , Yip Stephen , Dunn Sandra E. , Hukin Juliette 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe cure rate for childhood intracranial ependymoma is approximately 70% in the setting of a gross total resection followed by radiation, but management remains challenging in patients with residual disease. Therefore, robust biomarkers are needed to guide the development of new targeted therapy. The authors evaluated the expression of several biomarkers in pediatric intracranial ependymoma and observed that the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a polycomb complex protein involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, was independently associated with poor survival.METHODSTissue microarray immunostaining was performed on 180 ependymoma samples from 12 of 16 Canadian pediatric centers. Expression levels of EZH2, Ki‐67, B lymphoma Moloney‐murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 homolog, tumor protein 16 (P16), Y‐box binding protein 1, phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT), and epidermal growth factor receptor were evaluated. Cox regression analyses were performed, and the Kaplan‐Meier method was used to construct survival curves.RESULTSEZH2 expressed in 16% of tumors was associated with inferior 5‐year overall survival. Ki‐67 and pAKT levels were associated with a poor outcome in patients with posterior fossa ependymoma, and the absence of P16 was associated with a poor outcome in patients with supratentorial ependymoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age and EZH2 expression (95% confidence interval, 1.1‐36.0) were independent markers of a poor prognosis.CONCLUSIONSEZH2 is a novel, independent marker of a poor prognosis in patients with ependymoma, especially in those who have tumors located in the posterior fossa. EZH2, pAKT, and P16 are potential therapeutic targets, particularly for patients who have tumors in which standard gross total resection plus fractionated radiotherapy is not feasible. Cancer 2015;121:1499–1507. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Safety and efficacy in a worldwide treatment‐use trial of sunitinib
Authors: Reichardt Peter , Kang Yoon‐Koo , Rutkowski Piotr , Schuette Jochen , Rosen Lee S. , Seddon Beatrice , Yalcin Suayib , Gelderblom Hans , Williams Charles C. , Fumagalli Elena , Biasco Guido , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Kaiser Pamela E. , Fly Kolette , Matczak Ewa , Chen Liang , Lechuga Maria José , Demetri George D. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to provide sunitinib to patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who were otherwise unable to obtain it and to collect broad safety and efficacy data from a large population of patients with advanced GIST after imatinib failure. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00094029).METHODSImatinibresistant/ intolerant patients with advanced GIST received sunitinib on an initial dosing schedule of 50 mg daily in 6‐week cycles (4 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks off treatment). Tumor assessment frequency was according to local practice, and response was assessed by investigators according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.0. Overall survival (OS) and safety were assessed regularly. Post hoc analyses evaluated different patterns of treatment management.RESULTSAt final data cutoff, 1124 patients comprised the intent‐to‐treat population, and 15% of these patients had a baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2. The median treatment duration was 7.0 months. The median time to tumor progression was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0‐9.4 months), the median OS was 16.6 months (95% CI, 14.9‐18.0 months), and 36% of patients were alive at the time of analysis. Patients for whom the initial dosing schedule was modified exhibited longer median OS (23.5 months) than those who were treated strictly according to the initial dosing schedule (11.1 months). The most common treatment‐related grade 3 and 4 adverse events were hand‐foot syndrome (11%), fatigue (9%), neutropenia (8%), hypertension (7%), and thrombocytopenia (6%). Treatment‐related adverse events associated with cardiac function (eg, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction) were reported at frequencies of ≤1% each.CONCLUSIONSThis treatment‐use study confirms the long‐term safety and efficacy of sunitinib in a large international population of patients with advanced GIST after imatinib failure. Cancer 2015;121:1405–1413. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Flat epithelial atypia and risk of breast cancer: A Mayo cohort study
Authors: Said Samar M. , Visscher Daniel W. , Nassar Aziza , Frank Ryan D. , Vierkant Robert A. , Frost Marlene H. , Ghosh Karthik , Radisky Derek C. , Hartmann Lynn C. , Degnim Amy C. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDBased on its cytologic features, and its co‐occurrence with atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer, flat epithelial atypia (FEA) has been proposed as a precursor lesion on the pathway to the development of breast cancer. It is often referred to as an “atypical” or high‐risk lesion. However, to the authors' knowledge, the long‐term risk of breast cancer in women with FEA is undefined.METHODSSpecimens with FEA were identified among excisional breast biopsies in the Mayo Clinic Benign Breast Disease Cohort, which includes 11,591 women who had benign biopsy findings at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota between 1967 and 2001. Breast cancer risk among subsets of patients with FEA and nonproliferative, proliferative, and atypical hyperplasia (AH) was assessed using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) compared with the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry.RESULTSFEA was identified in 282 women (2.4%); 130 had associated AH (46%) and 152 (54%) were classified as having proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA). With median follow‐up of 16.8 years, the SIR for breast cancer in patients with AH plus FEA was 4.74 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.17‐6.81) versus 4.23 (95% CI, 3.44‐5.13) for those with AH without FEA (P = .59). The SIR for patients with PDWA plus FEA was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.23‐3.19) versus 1.90 (95% CI, 1.72‐2.09) for patients with PDWA without FEA (P = .76).CONCLUSIONSFEA is an uncommon finding in women with benign breast disease. FEA does not appear to convey an independent risk of breast cancer beyond that of the associated PDWA or AH. Cancer 2015;121:1548–1555. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Material Approaches to Stretchable Strain Sensors
Authors: Park Jaeyoon , You Insang , Shin Sangbaie , Jeong Unyong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWith the recent progress made in wearable electronics, devices now require high flexibility and stretchability up to large strain levels (typically larger than 30 % strain). Wearable strain sensors or deformable strain sensors have been gaining increasing research interest because of the rapid development of electronic skins and robotics and because of their biomedical applications. Conventional brittle strain sensors made of metals and piezoresistors are not applicable for such stretchable sensors. This Review summarizes recent advances in stretchable sensors and focuses on material aspects for high stretchability and sensitivity. It begins with a brief introduction to the Wheatstone bridge circuit of conventional resistive strain sensors. Then, studies on the manipulation of materials are reviewed, including waved structural approaches for making metals and semiconductors stretchable, the use of liquid metals, and conductive filler/elastomer composites by using percolation among the fillers. For capacitive strain sensors, the constant conductivity of the electrode is a key factor in obtaining reliable sensors. Possible approaches to developing capacitive strain sensors are presented. This Review concludes with a discussion on the major challenges and perspectives related to stretchable strain sensors.
Measuring Level Alignment at the Metal–Molecule Interface by In Situ Electrochemical 13C NMR
Authors: Li Ying , Zelakiewicz Brian S. , Allison Thomas C. , Tong YuYe J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new technique to measure energy‐level alignment at a metal–molecule interface between the Fermi level of the metal and the frontier orbitals of the molecule is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The method, which combines the electrochemistry of organo‐ligand‐stabilized Au nanoparticles with 13C NMR spectroscopy (i.e. in situ electrochemical NMR), enables measuring both occupied and unoccupied states.
D3: distributed approach for the detection of dumb nodes in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Roy Arijit , Kar Pushpendu , Misra Sudip , Obaidat Mohammad S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn this work, we propose D3—a distributed approach for the detection of ‘dumb’ nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN). A dumb node can sense its surroundings, but is unable to transmit these sensed data to any other node, due to the sudden onset of adverse environmental effects. However, such a node resumes its normal operations with the resumption of favorable environmental conditions. Due to the presence of dumb nodes, the network is unable to provide the expected services. Therefore, it is prudent to re‐establish connectivity between dumb and other nodes, so that sensed data can be reliably transmitted to the sink. Before the re‐establishment of connectivity, a node needs to confirm its actual state of being dumb. Dumb behavior is dynamic in nature, and is, thus, distinct from the traditional node isolation problem considered in stationary WSNs. Therefore, the existing schemes for the detection of other misbehaviors are not applicable for detecting a dumb node in a WSN. Considering this temporal behavior of a dumb node, we propose an approach, D3, for the detection of dumb nodes. In the propose scheme, we uses cumulative sum test, which helps in detecting the dumb behavior. The simulation results show that there is 56% degradation in detection percentage with the increment in the detection threshold, whereas energy consumption and the message overhead increase by 40% with the increment in detection threshold.
‘It Takes Me Half a Bottle of Whisky to Get through One of Your Assignments’: Exploring One Teacher Educator's Personal Experiences of Dyslexia
Authors: Glazzard Jonathan , Dale Kirsty 
Published: January 2015

This article uses a life history approach to explore personal experiences of dyslexia of one higher‐education lecturer and its impact on her professional identity. The informant is currently employed as a lecturer of initial teacher training in a UK university. She worked as a primary school teacher for over a decade prior to embarking on an academic career in teacher education. The informant draws on her own experiences as a pupil, teacher and lecturer, and additionally, she presents accounts of student teachers with dyslexia drawn from her current professional context.Although the data are not generalizable, the account nevertheless illustrates the positive impact of the social model of disability for the informant and her students who had been identified as dyslexic during their initial training as teachers. Additionally, the account also illustrates the ways in which teachers' personal experiences of dyslexia can shape professional identities in very positive ways. Implications for both teacher training and pedagogic approaches in schools to support learners with dyslexia are drawn out of the narrative. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discordance between morphological and molecular species boundaries among Caribbean species of the reef sponge Callyspongia
Authors: DeBiasse Melissa B. , Hellberg Michael E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSponges are among the most species‐rich and ecologically important taxa on coral reefs, yet documenting their diversity is difficult due to the simplicity and plasticity of their morphological characters. Genetic attempts to identify species are hampered by the slow rate of mitochondrial sequence evolution characteristic of sponges and some other basal metazoans. Here we determine species boundaries of the Caribbean coral reef sponge genus Callyspongia using a multilocus, model‐based approach. Based on sequence data from one mitochondrial (COI), one ribosomal (28S), and two single‐copy nuclear protein‐coding genes, we found evolutionarily distinct lineages were not concordant with current species designations in Callyspongia. While C. fallax, C. tenerrima, and C. plicifera were reciprocally monophyletic, four taxa with different morphologies (C. armigera, C. longissima, C. eschrichtii, and C. vaginalis) formed a monophyletic group and genetic distances among these taxa overlapped distances within them. A model‐based method of species delimitation supported collapsing these four into a single evolutionary lineage. Variation in spicule size among these four taxa was partitioned geographically, not by current species designations, indicating that in Callyspongia, these key taxonomic characters are poor indicators of genetic differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest a complex relationship between morphology and species boundaries in sponges.
Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution and change‐points for annual precipitation in Kansas, USA
Authors: Rahmani Vahid , Hutchinson Stacy L. , Harrington Jr John A. , Hutchinson J. M. Shawn , Anandhi Aavudai 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPrecipitation directly impacts agricultural production, water resources management, and recreational activities, all of which significantly affect a state's economy. As the human population increases, demand for water escalates due to its crucial role in human health and food production. The question then becomes, can current water management strategies ensure sustainable access to clean water, maintain food supplies, and permit industrial uses given a changing climate? Developing a solid understanding of rainfall patterns and trends is vital, particularly for regions like Kansas with high spatial and temporal climate variability. In this study, three statistical methods were used to analyse annual rainfall trends in Kansas using daily rainfall data from 1890 through 2011: (1) a linear regression model, (2) the Mann‐Kendall test, and (3) the Spearman test. A gradual increase in total annual rainfall was noted for 21 of 23 stations, including eight statistically significant upward trends. The 23 station period of record average slope for Kansas was 6.8 mm per 10 year with a minimum value of −8.5 mm per 10 year for Saint Francis in the northwest and a maximum value of 20.1 mm per 10 year for Independence in the southeast. In addition, sudden change analyses were conducted using cumulative sum and Pettitt tests. At 12 stations, significant change‐points were detected as early as 1940 and as recently as 1980. The increasing trend, particularly after the significant change‐points, is useful in updating water management plans. Total annual rainfall correlates with available water in soil, lakes, streams, and reservoirs and can assist with agricultural production decisions such as crop selection and new plant variety development when combined with rainfall distribution analysis throughout the year.