bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAMA Is an Essential Component for the Differentiation of Two Distinct Cell Types, Myrosin Cells and Guard Cells, inArabidopsis
Authors: Shirakawa Makoto , Ueda Haruko , Nagano Atsushi J. , Shimada Tomoo , Kohchi Takayuki , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBrassicales plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, have an ingenious two-compartment defense system, which sequesters myrosinase from the substrate glucosinolate and produces a toxic compound when cells are damaged by herbivores. Myrosinase is stored in vacuoles of idioblast myrosin cells. The molecular mechanism that regulates myrosin cell development remains elusive. Here, we identify the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor FAMA as an essential component for myrosin cell development along Arabidopsis leaf veins. FAMA is known as a regulator of stomatal development. We detected FAMA expression in myrosin cell precursors in leaf primordia in addition to stomatal lineage cells. FAMA deficiency caused defects in myrosin cell development and in the biosynthesis of myrosinases THIOGLUCOSIDE GLUCOHYDROLASE1 (TGG1) and TGG2. Conversely, ectopic FAMA expression conferred myrosin cell characteristics to hypocotyl and root cells, both of which normally lack myrosin cells. The FAMA interactors ICE1/SCREAM and its closest paralog SCREAM2/ICE2 were essential for myrosin cell development. DNA microarray analysis identified 32 candidate genes involved in myrosin cell development under the control of FAMA. This study provides a common regulatory pathway that determines two distinct cell types in leaves: epidermal guard cells and inner-tissue myrosin cells.
Chief marketing officer’s equity incentives: economic determinants and effects on shareholder value
Authors: Fabrizi Michele 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the economic determinants and the effects on firm value of the Chief Marketing Officer’s (CMO’s) equity incentives.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical analysis uses 586 firm-year observations corresponding to 227 unique firms collected from Execucomp dataset over the period 2000-2009.Findings– The paper documents that when a firm’s marketing intensity increases, the CMO’s equity incentives significantly increase; CMO’s equity incentives are positively related to shareholder value, and this positive relationship is incremental to that between the Chief Executive Officer’s (CEO)’s equity incentives and firm value; the positive impact of the CMO’s equity incentives on the firm value is partially mediated by marketing investments.Research limitations/implications– The paper helps understand under which circumstances firms provide the CMO with high-equity incentives and what the performance implications are of providing the CMO with long-term incentives.Practical implications– Results indicate that companies should try to incent the CMO with equity-based incentives because the CMO can boost shareholder value on a way that is incremental to how the CEO does so. As a consequence, if the board of directors decides not to provide the CMO with sufficient equity incentives, it is likely that this decision will be suboptimal for shareholders.Originality/value– This paper is the first to analyze the structure and effect on firm value of the CMO’s compensation in answer to calls for research on compensation of executives other than CEOs.
Chest compression with kneeling posture in hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomised crossover simulation study
Authors: Oh Jaehoon , Chee Youngjoon , Lim Taeho , Cho Youngsuk , Kim In Young 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeWe suggest an alternative chest compression (CC) in kneeling posture using a ‘kneeling stool’ on which the performer kneels beside the patient on a bed in‐hospital. In kneeling posture, we can maintain high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) without the bed height adjustment, which is necessary and inconvenient in standing posture.MethodsThis study is a randomised crossover trial with 38 participants working in one ED. The first group knelt on the kneeling stool beside a manikin placed on a bed, whereas the second group stood on a step stool with the manikin at knee level using bed height adjustment. All the participants performed continuous chest compression for 5 min without audio‐visual feedback. After that, the posture was changed in each group. The parameters of CC quality (CC depth, rate, accuracy, and incomplete chest recoil), visual analogue scale (VAS) for fatigue and pain, and preference of participants were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe data of 33 participants in both postures were analysed following exclusion of five participants. In the comparisons overall and per minute between the two postures, the parameters and VAS do not differ significantly (all P > 0.05) except for the median 1st CC rate that was faster in kneeling posture than in standing posture, P = 0.01). Twenty‐three performers preferred the kneeling posture.ConclusionsA kneeling posture with a kneeling stool were preferred by participants, which have shown similar results in CC parameters and VAS with a standing posture on a stepstool with bed height adjustment during in‐hospital CPR.
Effects of short photoperiod on energy intake, thermogenesis, and reproduction in desert hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii)
Authors: ZHANG Xueying , ZHAO Zhijun , VASILIEVA Nina , KHRUSHCHOVA Anastasia , WANG Dehua 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDesert hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii) are the least known species in the genus Phodopus with respect to ecology and physiology, and deserve scientific attention, particularly because of their small body size. Here, the responses of energy metabolism and reproductive function to short photoperiods in desert hamsters were investigated. Male and female desert hamsters were acclimated to either long day (LD) (L:D 16:8 h) or short day (SD) photoperiods (L:D 8:16 h) for three months, and then the females were transferred back to an LD photoperiod for a further five months, while at the end of the SD acclimation the males were killed and measurements were taken for serum leptin as well as molecular markers for thermogenesis. We found that like the other two species from the genus Phodopus, the desert hamsters under SD decreased body mass, increased adaptive thermogenesis as indicated by elevated mitochondrial protein content and uncoupling protein‐1 content in brown adipose tissue, and suppressed reproduction compared to those under LD. However, different from the other two species, desert hamsters did not show any differences in energy intake or serum leptin concentration between LD and SD. These data suggest that different species from the same genus respond in different ways to the environmental signals, and the desert adapted species are not as sensitive to change in photoperiod as the other two species.
Effects of Enrichment with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Omega‐3 and Conjugated Linoleic Acid) on Consumer Liking of Beef Aged for 7 or 21 d Evaluated at Different Locations
Authors: Pérez‐Juan María , Realini Carolina E. , Barahona Marta , Sarriés Maria Victoria , del Mar Campo Maria , Beriain María José , Vitale Mauro , Gil Marta , Albertí Pere 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effect of different animal diets supplemented with linseed (source of omega‐3 fatty acids: n‐3) and/or conjugated linoleic acid (CON: control, LIN: 10% linseed, CLA: 2% conjugated linoleic acid, LINCLA: 10% linseed plus 2% CLA) on consumer liking of beef aged for 7 or 21 d was assessed in 3 Spanish cities. Overall, tenderness, juiciness, and flavor liking of beef were evaluated by consumers (n = 720) using 9‐point scales. Hedonic scores assigned by consumers did not differ (P > 0.05) for beef from animals fed the different diets and aged for 7 or 21 d. Consumer scores showed an increasing trend in beef liking with aging time. Consumers from Pamplona assigned lower (P < 0.05) hedonic scores for beef liking than consumers from Barcelona and Zaragoza. Linseed and/or CLA can be fed to improve the fatty acid profile in beef with minimal impact on consumer liking. Consumer ratings seem to depend on regional tastes and preferences.
Determining the Mechanism and Parameters of Hydrate Formation and Loss in Glucose
Authors: Scholl Sarah K. , Schmidt Shelly J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWater–solid interactions are known to play a major role in the chemical and physical stability of food materials. Despite its extensive use throughout the food industry, the mechanism and parameters of hydrate formation and loss in glucose are not well characterized. Hydrate formation in alpha‐anhydrous glucose (α‐AG) and hydrate loss in glucose monohydrate (GM) were studied under equilibrium conditions at various relative humidity (RH) values using saturated salt slurries for 1 y. The mechanism of hydrate formation and hydrate loss were determined through mathematical modeling of Dynamic Vapor Sorption data and Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the mechanisms. The critical temperature for hydrate loss in GM was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The moisture sorption profiles of α‐AG and GM were also studied under dynamic conditions using an AquaSorp Isotherm Generator. Hydrate formation was observed at and above 68% RH at 25 °C and the conversion of α‐AG to GM can best be described as following a nucleation mechanism, however, diffusion and/or geometric contraction mechanisms were also observed by Raman spectroscopy subsequent to the coalescence of initial nucleation sites. Hydrate loss was observed to occur at and below 11% RH at 25 °C during RH storage and at 70 °C during TGA. The conversion of GM to α‐AG follows nucleation and diffusion mechanisms. Hydrate formation was evident under dynamic conditions in α‐AG and GM prior to deliquescence. This research is the first to report hydrate formation and loss parameters for crystalline α‐AG and GM during extended storage at 25 ˚C.
Biosorption of Al+3 and Cd+2 by an Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Polak‐Berecka Magdalena , Szwajgier Dominik , Waśko Adam 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the removal of Cd2+ and Al3+ from aqueous solutions by an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N. The biosorption kinetics of EPS for Cd2+ and Al3+ were studied by equilibrium dialysis after incubation from 0 h to 58 h. The actual concentrations of Cd2+ and Al3+ in external solutions were measured by a fluorescence method after complexation with 8‐hydroxyquinoline. Binding of metal ions by EPS was observed, with maximum adsorption after 0 to 24 and 48 to 58 h for Cd2+, and after 24 h for Al3+. The existing analytical method, involving the binding of metal ions was measured using a dialysis membrane was significantly improved in our study. This new method could be applied in future studies of this type. The results of this study demonstrate that EPS from Lb. rhamnosus E/N has a Cd2+ and Al3+ biosorption capacity. Surface adsorption of the metal ions at surface of EPS was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy analysis suggests a role of the functional groups ─OH, C═O, and COO− from EPS in the binding of Cd2+ and Al3+ ions.
Lower incidence of post‐dural puncture headache with spinal catheterization after accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients
Authors: VERSTRAETE S. , WALTERS M. A. , DEVROE S. , ROOFTHOOFT E. , VAN DE VELDE M. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundAccidental dural puncture (ADP) and post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) are important complications of obstetric regional anesthesia. Inserting the catheter intrathecally after ADP to prevent PDPH has gained popularity. Nonetheless, data on the effect of an intrathecal catheter on PDPH and epidural blood patch (EBP) rates are mixed. Our primary objective was to examine if spinal catheterization reduces the incidence of PDPH after ADP in obstetric patients.MethodsAnesthetic records of 29,749 regional blocks performed between January 1997 and July 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. In all blocks containing an epidural component, 18‐gauge epidural needles were used. All patients who experienced a witnessed ADP or PDPH without ADP were identified. Data from patients with or without a prolonged spinal catheter were compared.ResultsThere were 128 events of witnessed ADP (0.43%). Following known ADP, 39 women had an epidural catheter placed at a different level and 89 had an intrathecal catheter (20‐gauge) for at least 24 h. Sixty‐one patients developed PDPH after observed ADP (48%). Prolonged intrathecal catheter placement significantly reduced the incidence of PDPH after ADP to 42% compared with 62% in those who have the catheter re‐sited epidurally [odds ratio = 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.04–4.86); P = 0.04].ConclusionsThe incidence of ADP, PDPH and blood patching is similar with previously published studies. After witnessed ADP, inserting the epidural catheter intrathecally significantly reduced the incidence of PDPH.
Adductor canal blockade for moderate to severe pain after arthroscopic knee surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: ESPELUND M. , GREVSTAD U. , JÆGER P. , HÖLMICH P. , KJELDSEN L. , MATHIESEN O. , DAHL J. B. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe analgesic effect of the adductor canal block (ACB) after knee surgery has been evaluated in a number of trials. We hypothesized that the ACB would provide substantial pain relief to patients responding with moderate to severe pain after arthroscopic knee surgery.MethodsFifty subjects with moderate to severe pain after arthroscopic knee surgery were enrolled in this placebo‐controlled, blinded trial. All subjects received two ACBs; an initial ACB with either 30 ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml (n = 25) (R group) or saline (n = 25) (C group) and after 45 min a second ACB with the opposite study medication, according to randomization. Primary outcome was pain during 45 degrees active flexion of the knee at 45 min after the first block, assessed on a 0–100 mm visual analogue scale. Secondary outcome measures were: pain at rest and during flexion of the knee, worst pain experienced during a 5‐m walk, patient's evaluation of muscle strength during walk, and amount of sufentanil administered during the 90‐min study period.ResultsRegarding primary outcome, mean pain score difference between groups was 34 (95% CI: 25 to 44) mm, P < 0.001, in favour of the R group. At rest, mean pain score difference was 32 (23 to 41) mm, P < 0.001, and during walk: 21 (6 to 36) mm, P = 0.01 in favour of the R group. There were no differences between groups regarding other secondary outcome measures.ConclusionThe ACB is a relevant option for patients with moderate to severe pain after arthroscopic knee surgery.
Nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization: pharmacological analyses with candidate smoking cessation aids
Authors: Goutier Wouter , Kloeze Margreet , McCreary Andrew C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere are a number of approved therapeutics for the management of alcohol dependence, which might also convey the potential as smoking cessation aids. The present study investigated the effect of a few of these therapeutics and potential candidates (non‐peptide vasopressin V1b antagonists) on the expression of nicotine‐induced behavioral sensitization in Wistar rats. The following compounds were included in this evaluation: rimonabant, bupropion, topiramate, acamprosate, naltrexone, mecamylamine, nelivaptan (SSR‐149415, V1b antagonist) and two novel V1b antagonists. Following the development of nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization and a withdrawal period, the expression of sensitization was assessed in the presence of one of the examined agents given 30 minutes prior to the nicotine challenge injection. Acamprosate, naltrexone, rimonabant, mecamylamine, nelivaptan and V1b antagonist ‘compound 2′ significantly antagonized the expression of nicotine‐induced sensitization. Whereas topiramate showed a trend for effects, the V1b antagonist ‘compound 1′ did not show any significant effects. Bupropion failed to block sensitization but increased activity alone and was therefore tested in development and cross‐sensitization studies. Taken together, these findings provide pre‐clinical evidence that these molecules attenuated the expression of nicotine‐induced sensitization and should be further investigated as putative treatments for nicotine addiction. Moreover, V1b antagonists should be further investigated as a potential novel smoking cessation aid.
Loading and composite restoration assessment of various non‐carious cervical lesions morphologies – 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Soares PV , Machado AC , Zeola LF , Souza PG , Galvão AM , Montes TC , Pereira AG , Reis BR , Coleman TA , Grippo JO 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe present study analysed the effects of different occlusal loading on premolars displaying various non‐carious cervical lesions morphologies, restored (or not) with composites, by 3D finite element analysis.MethodsA three‐dimensional digital model of a maxillary premolar was generated using CAD software. Three non‐carious cervical lesions morphological types were simulated: wedged‐shaped, saucer and mixed. All virtual models underwent three loading types (100 N): vertical, buccal and palatal loading. The simulated non‐carious cervical lesions morphologies were analysed with and without restorations to consider specific regions, such as the occlusal and gingival walls as well as the depth of the lesions. Data summarizing the stress distribution were obtained in MPa using Maximum Principal Stress.ResultsPalatal loads were responsible for providing the highest values of accumulated tensile stress on the buccal wall; 27.66 MPa and 25.76 MPa for mixed and wedged‐shaped morphologies, respectively. The highest tensile values found on non‐carious cervical lesions morphologies restored with composite resin were 5.9 MPa in the mixed morphology, similar to those found on sound models despite their morphologies and occlusal loading.ConclusionsThe various non‐carious cervical lesions morphologies had little effect on stress distribution patterns, whereas the loading type and presence of composite restorations influenced the biomechanical behaviour of the maxillary premolars.
Improving health service delivery for women with diabetes in pregnancy in remote Australia: survey of care in the Northern Territory Diabetes in Pregnancy Partnership
Authors: Edwards Laura , Connors Christine , Whitbread Cherie , Brown Alex , Oats Jeremy , Maple‐Brown Louise ,   the NT Diabetes in Pregnancy Partnership
Published: October 2014

BackgroundIn the Northern Territory (NT), 38% of 3500 births each year are to Indigenous women, 80% of whom live in regional and remote areas. Compared with the general Australian population, rates of pre‐existing type 2 diabetes in pregnancy are 10‐fold higher and rates of gestational diabetes are 1.5‐fold higher among Indigenous women. Current practices in screening for diabetes in pregnancy in remote Australia are not known.AimsTo assess current health service delivery for NT women with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) by surveying healthcare professionals' views and practices in DIP screening and management.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of NT healthcare professionals providing clinical care for women with DIP was conducted based on pre‐identified themes of communication, care‐coordination, education, orientation and guidelines, logistics and access, and information technology.ResultsOf the 116 responders to the survey, 78% were primary healthcare professionals, 32% midwives and 25% general practitioners. High staff turnover was evident: of Central Australian professionals, only 33% (urban) and 18% (regional/remote) had been in their current position over 5 years. DIP screening was conducted at first antenatal visit by 66% and at 24–28‐week gestation by 81%. Only 50% of respondents agreed that most women at their health service received appropriate care for DIP, and 41% of primary care practitioners were neutral or not confident in their skills to manage DIP.ConclusionsIt is promising that many healthcare professionals report following new guidelines in conducting early pregnancy screening for DIP in high risk women. Several challenges were identified in healthcare delivery to a high risk population in remote Australia.
Impact of using the international association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups criteria in South Auckland: prevalence, interventions and outcomes
Authors: Ekeroma Alec J. , Chandran Gokilavani S. , McCowan Lesley , Ansell David , Eagleton Carl , Kenealy Tim 
Published: October 2014

IntroductionAdopting the modified International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) will increase the prevalence of GDM resulting in increased resource utilisation and an unknown effect on clinical outcomes.AimsTo determine the prevalence of GDM by the modified IADPSG criteria and compare characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between women with GDM by IADPSG‐additional, those with GDM by the New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes (NZSSD) criteria and those with a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).MethodsAll women who delivered at Counties Manukau District Health Board (CMDHB) for a 12‐month period from July 2012 to June 2013 had demographic, pregnancy and laboratory data obtained from hospital databases and clinical records.ResultsOf the 6376 (85%) of eligible women screened for GDM, 381 (6%) had GDM by NZSSD criteria and an additional 238 (4%) by the modified IADPSG‐additional criteria, a relative increase of 62%. Women with GDM by NZSSD criteria had similar characteristics compared to women with GDM by IADPSG‐additional. The outcomes between the two groups were also similar with the exception of a higher induction of labour (IOL) rate in women with GDM by NZSSD and a higher mean birthweight in the GDM by IADPSG‐additional.ConclusionAdopting the modified IADPSG criteria will result in a 62% increase in the number of GDM cases with a significant impact on workload and resources. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the introduction of the IADPSG criteria for our service.