bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative application of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Liu Hua , Wang Chunsheng , Liu Lan , Zhuang Yamin , Yang Xiaomei , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The purpose of the research was to find out the factors which influence plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, then to assess whether preoperative plasma NT-proBNP levels could predict postoperative outcomes of cardiac surgery.

Methods
Between November 2008 and February 2010,225 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in our department were included in the study. The mean age was 61.25 ± 12.54 years, and 156 (69.3%) patients were male. NT-proBNP, CK-MB, cTnT and creatinine levels were measured preoperatively and 24 hours after operation. Postoperatively outcomes including ventilation time, length of stay in ICU and hospital, and mortality were closely monitored. The endpoints includes: 1) use of inotropic agents or intra-aortic balloon pump ≥24 h; 2) creatinine level elevated to hemodialysis; 3) cardiac events; 4) ICU stay ≥5d; 5) ventilation dependence ≥ 72 h; 6) deaths within 30 days of surgery.

Results
NT-proBNP concentrations (median [interquartile range]) increased from 728.4 pg/ml (IQR 213.5 to 2551 pg/ml) preoperatively to 1940.5 pg/ml (IQR 995.9 to 3892 pg/ml) postoperatively (P = 0.015). Preoperative atrial fibrillation, NYHA class III/IV, ejection fraction, pulmonary arterial pressure, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), preoperative plasma creatinine and cTnT levels were significantly associated with preoperative NT-proBNP levels in univariate analysis. The preoperative NT-proBNP was closely related to ventilation time (P = 0.009), length of stay in ICU (P = 0.004) and length of stay in hospital (P = 0.019). Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated a cut-off value above 2773.5 pg/ml was the best cutoff (sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 80.8%) to predict the mortality within 30d of surgery.

Conclusions
Preoperative plasma NT-proBNP level presents a high individual variability in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. NYHA classification, ejection fraction, pulmonary arterial pressure, LVEDD, atrial fibrillation, preoperative plasma creatinine, and cTnT levels are significantly associated with preoperative NT-proBNP levels. Preoperative NT-proBNP is a valuable marker in predicting postoperative outcomes.
Myostatin genetic inactivation inhibits myogenesis by muscle-derived stem cells in vitro but not when implanted in the mdx mouse muscle
Authors: Tsao James , Vernet Dolores A , Gelfand Robert , Kovanecz Istvan , Nolazco Gaby , Bruhn Kevin W , Gonzalez-Cadavid Nestor F 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Stimulating the commitment of implanted dystrophin+ muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) into myogenic, as opposed to lipofibrogenic lineages, is a promising therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods
To examine whether counteracting myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass and a pro-lipofibrotic factor, would help this process, we compared the in vitro myogenic and fibrogenic capacity of MDSCs from wild-type (WT) and myostatin knockout (Mst KO) mice under various modulators, the expression of key stem cell and myogenic genes, and the capacity of these MDSCs to repair the injured gastrocnemius in aged dystrophic mdx mice with exacerbated lipofibrosis.

Results
Surprisingly, the potent in vitro myotube formation by WT MDSCs was refractory to modulators of myostatin expression or activity, and the Mst KO MDSCs failed to form myotubes under various conditions, despite both MDSC expressing Oct 4 and various stem cell genes and differentiating into nonmyogenic lineages. The genetic inactivation of myostatin in MDSCs was associated with silencing of critical genes for early myogenesis (Actc1, Acta1, and MyoD). WT MDSCs implanted into the injured gastrocnemius of aged mdx mice significantly improved myofiber repair and reduced fat deposition and, to a lesser extent, fibrosis. In contrast to their in vitro behavior, Mst KO MDSCs in vivo also significantly improved myofiber repair, but had few effects on lipofibrotic degeneration.

Conclusions
Although WT MDSCs are very myogenic in culture and stimulate muscle repair after injury in the aged mdx mouse, myostatin genetic inactivation blocks myotube formation in vitro, but the myogenic capacity is recovered in vivo under the influence of the myostatin+ host-tissue environment, presumably by reactivation of key genes originally silenced in the Mst KO MDSCs.
Irreversibility of Se(VI)/Se(IV) Redox Couple in Synthetic Basaltic Ground Water at 25°C and 75°C
Authors: Runnells Donald D. , Lindberg Ralph D. , Kempton John H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSynthetic basaltic ground water was spiked with different ratios of high-purity solium selenate and sodium selenite, to yield ratios of aqueous SeO42to SeO 42from 2100/1 to 1/44000, at temperatures of 25°C and 75°C. The apparent 2h of the solutions was measured by means of a platinum electrode. The time series Eh data were extrapolated to infinite time using the method of Muller [1,2]. Results show no relationship between the analyzed ratios of Se(VI)/Se(IV) in solution and the observed+Eh plues at the platinum electrode. In contrast, acidic solutions of Fe /Fe show nearly perfect Nernstian behavior and rapid electron transfer at the platinum electrode. Based on the results of this study, it is probably invalid to use Eh measurements as input to any equilibrium computer model for purposes of predicting the behavior of a pure selenium system.
Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Kalloo Sean , Aggarwal Nidhi , Mohan Prince , Radhakrishnan Jai 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Lupus nephritis (LN) remains a major cause of ESRD and is associated with a >4-fold increase in mortality and significant morbidity in patients with lupus. The treatment of LN has evolved significantly over the past decade due to data from well conducted randomized controlled trials. We are currently in an era in which effective regimens exist in the form of induction and maintenance agents. Histopathologic classification of LN remains one of the main factors guiding therapy.
Second-Line Protease Inhibitor-Based Haart after Failing Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Asian HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Bunupuradah Torsak , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Fahey Paul , Kariminia Azar , Yusoff Nik KN , Khanh Truong H , Sohn Annette H , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Lumbiganon Pagakrong , Hansudewechakul Rawiwan , Razali Kamarul , Kurniati Nia , Huy Bui V , Sudjaritruk Tavitiya , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Fong Siew M , Saphonn Vonthanak , Ananworanich Jintanat ,   TApHOD
Published: January 2013

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends boosted protease inhibitor (bPI)-based HAART after failing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) treatment. We examined outcomes of this regimen in Asian HIV-infected children. Methods Children from five Asian countries in the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database (TApHOD) with ≥24 weeks of NNRTI-based HAART followed by ≥24 weeks of bPI-based HAART were eligible. Primary outcomes were the proportions with virological suppression (HIV RNA<400 copies/ml) and immune recovery (CD4+ T-cell percentage [CD4%]≥25% if age <5 years and CD4+ T-cell count ≥500 cells/mm3 if age ≥5 years) at 48 and 96 weeks. Results Of 3,422 children, 153 were eligible; 52% were female. At switch, median age was 10 years, 26% were in WHO stage 4. Median weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) was -1.9 ( n=121), CD4% was 12.5% ( n=106), CD4+ T-cell count was 237 cells/mm3 ( n=112), and HIV RNA was 4.6 log10 copies/ml ( n=61). The most common bPI was lopinavir/ritonavir (83%). At 48 weeks, 61% (79/129) had immune recovery, 60% (26/43) had undetectable HIV RNA and 73% (58/79) had fasting triglycerides ≥130 mg/dl. By 96 weeks, 70% (57/82) achieved immune recovery, 65% (17/26) had virological suppression, and hypertriglyceridaemia occurred in 66% (33/50). Predictors for virological suppression at week 48 were longer duration of NNRTI-based HAART ( P=0.006), younger age ( P=0.007), higher WAZ ( P=0.020) and HIV RNA at switch <10,000 copies/ml ( P=0.049). Conclusions In this regional cohort of Asian children on bPI-based second-line HAART, 60% of children tested had immune recovery by 1 year, and two-thirds had hyper-lipidaemia, highlighting difficulties in optimizing second-line HAART with limited drug options.
Il-21R Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Il-21 Levels Predict Virological Response to Interferon-Based Therapy in Asian Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Hsu Ching-Sheng , Hsu Shih-Jer , Liu Wei-Liang , Chen Chi-Ling , Liu Chun-Jen , Chen Pei-Jer , Chen Ding-Shinn , Kao Jia-Horng 
Published: January 2013

Background IL-21R polymorphisms have been identified as potential predictors of virological outcomes in Western chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients receiving interferon-based treatment. We aimed to examine the associations of IL-21R genotypes and serum IL-21 levels with virological responses to interferon-based treatment in Asian CHC patients. Methods Genomic and clinical data were collected from 178 consecutive Taiwanese HCV genotype 1 patients who received interferon-based therapy and 72 non-HCV healthy subjects. Among them, serum IL-21 levels, IL-21R and IL-28B genotypes were determined in 124 CHC patients and healthy controls. Results Among patients with IL28B rs8099917 non-TT genotypes, patients with IL-21R rs3093390 CC genotype had a higher sustained virological response rate than those with non-CC genotypes (CC versus non-CC 14/24 versus 0/4; P=0.031). Compared with non-HCV controls, CHC patients had higher serum IL-21 levels (mean ±sd HCV versus non-HCV 377.8 ±780.9 versus 70.5 ±33.2 pg/ml; P=0.001). Patients with sustained virological response had higher pretreatment serum IL-21 levels than those without (adjusted OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07, 0.80; P=0.021). Conclusions CHC patients have higher serum IL-21 levels than healthy adults. Higher pretreatment serum IL-21 levels and IL-21R polymorphisms may serve as potential factors predictive of treatment outcomes in CHC patients with interferon-based therapy.
Nonoccupational Hearing Loss: A Gift of Urbanization
Authors: Saler Sunil Suresh , Saler Parul Sunil , Desai Wilson 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTNoise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the notifiable occupational disease under legislation related to occupational health and safety of most of the countries of the world. So far risk of exposure to high noise level was considered to be limited to industrial environment only. However, with rapid urbanization and modernization, the cities are becoming crowded as well as noisy. Exposure to noise from these sources have put the population not exposed to industrial noise also at risk of NIHL, especially the younger population. If corrective measures are not taken this may lead to high percentage of younger urban population with permanent hearing loss.One hundred and fifty students were selected for study which involved questionnaires, interview, routine ENT checkup and audiogram. All the students gave history of exposure to excessive noise from community sources. Two students had residence near railway station while other two stayed near the main highway. It was found that 75% of them had the habit of listening to music with volume at the peak. A total of 10.7% students from the group were found to have hearing loss in range of 26 to 42 decibel which is alarming. The nature of hearing loss temporary or permanent is yet to be assessed by repeating the audiogram.How to cite this articleSaler SS, Saler PS, Desai W. Nonoccupational Hearing Loss: A Gift of Urbanization. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):125-126.
How Drill-Generated Acoustic Trauma effects Hearing Functions in an Ear Surgery?
Authors: Paksoy Mustafa , Sanli Arif , Hardal Umit , Kibar Sermin , Altin Gokhan , Erdogan Banu Atalay , Bekmez Zekiye Eda 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn otology, a wide variety of devices are used that have significant noise output, both operated ear and the patient. We aimed to determine hearing damages due to drill-generated acoustic trauma in ear surgery. We want to find how degree drill-generated acoustic trauma is responsible from sensorineural hearing loss in ear surgery.Materials and methodsWe designed a retrospective study about 100 patients who underwent radical or modiphied radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. The audiometric testing was done both pre and postoperatively to detect any significant hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign and Mann-Whitney U tests. This study proposes that hearing loss is caused by drill noise conducted to the operated ear by vibrations of temporal bone.ResultsA sensorineural hearing loss soon after mastoid surgery is seen due to the noise generated by the drill. Mean pure-tone thresholds obtained was significantly more in mastoidectomy applied patients when compared to tympanoplasty . Mean bone conduction (BC) hearing levels impaired 6,6 dB in 1 kHz, 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 5 dB in 4.kHz and 3.1 dB in 2 kHz in mastoidectomy groups but improved 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 2.2 dB in 1 kHz, 2.7 dB in 2 kHz in tympanoplasty groups. Statistically significant differences were observed at the 0.5-1 and 4 kHz frequencies pre and postoperative in the hearing thresholds of BC changing in mastoidectomy group, however, the averages of ranks of all pre and postoperative measurement of hearing levels show differences between mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty groups was significant in statistically at independent groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionWe conclude that drill-generated noise during mastoid surgery has been incriminated as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Drilling during mastoid surgery may result in temporary or permanent noise-induced hearing loss. Possible noise disturbance to the inner ear can only be avoided by minimizing the duration of harmful noise exposure and carefull using burr to near the cochlear structures.How to cite this articlePaksoy M, Sanli A, Hardal U, Kibar S, Altin G, Erdogan BA, Bekmez ZE. How Drill-Generated Acoustic Trauma effects Hearing Functions in an Ear Surgery? Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):127-132.
Management of Adult Unilateral TMJ Ankylosis with Temporalis Muscle and Fascia Flap: Review of 51 Cases
Authors: Mishra Sobhan , Tripathy Ramanupam , Sabhlok Samrat , Roy Ritesh 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study is aimed to determine the efficacy of temporalis muscle and fascia flap in the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in adults. Treatment of TMJ ankylosis has been a topic of debate and the treatment options are multidimensional. Achieving good postoperative mouth opening and functional and cosmetic outcomes of surgery, depends on the method of reconstruction. The need of study is to give the best possible solutions with minimal morbidity to the underlying deformity.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was done on 51 patients to evaluate the postoperative results for unilateral TMJ ankylosis. Parameters such as etiology, postoperative mouth opening on 1st, 2nd, 6th week and 6 months and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The operative protocol for unilateral TMJ ankylosis entailed: (1) Resection of the ankylotic mass, (2) intraoral ipsilateral coronoidectomy, (3) contralateral coronoidectomy when necessary, (4) interpositional tissue transfer to the TMJ with temporalis muscle and fascia flap, (5) maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) and (6) early mobilization and aggressive physiotherapy.ResultsThe results were encouraging and functional results of interpositional arthroplasty were satisfying with minimal complications. Early postoperative initial aggressive exercise, physiotherapy, and strict follow-up play an important role in preventing postoperative adhesions.ConclusionThe findings of this study support the use of temporalis muscle and fascia flap in adult patients with unilateral TMJ ankylosis.How to cite this articleMishra S, Tripathy R, Sabhlok S, Roy R. Management of Adult Unilateral TMJ Ankylosis with Temporalis Muscle and Fascia Flap: Review of 51 Cases. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):133-136.
Effectiveness of Early Intervention of Coma Arousal Therapy in Traumatic Head Injury Patients
Authors: LNU Mandeep , Kumar Pravin 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To find out efficacy and benefits of early intervention of coma arousal therapy on coma patients after sustaining traumatic head injury.

Materials and methods
Thirty comatose patients with traumatic head injury were systematic randomly selected. Both experimental group and control group were having 15 patients each. Patients in experimental group were given coma arousal therapy while those in control group did not receive any coma arousal therapy. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and coma recovery scale (CRS) were assessed before and after 1 and 2 weeks protocol.

Results
The independent t-test was used for between the group data analysis. Repeated measure ANOVA and post hoc paired t-test were used in within the group analysis. Group A, mean of GCS on 1st, 7th and 14th day of coma arousal therapy was 3.93 (±1.09), 6.33 (±1.04) and 8.46 (±0.91) respectively and for Group B was 3.93 (±1.27), 4.80 (±1.26) and 5.93 (±1.94) respectively, which showed significant improvement (p < 0.05). Group A, mean of CRS on 1st, 7th and 14th day of coma arousal therapy was 2.06 (±1.03), 4.86 (±1.24) and 9.66 (±1.83) respectively and for Group B was 2.33 (±1.11), 2.93 (±1.09) and 4.73 (±2.18) respectively, which showed significant improvement (p < 0.05). When compared between the groups, experimental group showed significant improvement.

Conclusion
This is concluded from the result of this study that coma arousal therapy is having significant effect on GCS and CRS in traumatic head injury patients when compared to the patients who did not receive coma arousal therapy.

How to cite this article
Mandeep, Kumar P. Effectiveness of Early Intervention of Coma Arousal Therapy in Traumatic Head Injury Patients. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3): 137-142.
Rationale in Usage of Immunomodulators for Management of Head, Face and Neck Cancers
Authors: Vahanwala Sonal , Pagare Sandeep S , Singhi Runuk , Nayak Chaitanya D 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRecent advances in molecular biology have provided insight into the complex network of interaction that occurs within the immune system. The use of specific Immunomodulators to strengthen a deficient immune system or bolster a normal immune system presents a unique strategy for the treatment of various disorders that will clearly affect the practice of clinical medicine for many years to come. A major difficulty limiting the use of immunomodulators in clinical medicine has been the complexity of the immunoregulatory network in which modulation of one component usually perturbs the entire system, thus diminishing the specificity of the approach. Several immunomodulators are currently being tested in the treatment of the immune defect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.This article covers the types of immunomodulators, their mechanism of action and their applications.How to cite this articlePagare SS, Singhi R, Vahanwala S Nayak CD. Rationale in Usage of Immunomodulators for Management of Head, Face and Neck Cancers. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):154-157.
Special Considerations in Esthesioneuroblastoma of Sphenoclival Region
Authors: Pai Prathamesh S , Joseph Shawn T , Moiyadi Aliasgar V , Nair Deepa R , Pawar Prashant V 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTEctopic localization of esthesioneuroblastoma is very rare. The differential diagnosis arising due to this would not only challenge a clinician's experience and knowledge in pathology, interpretation of imaging and decision making but also test his fine skills in skull base surgery. Here, we present a case of esthesioneuroblastoms located in the sphenoclival area which challenged us with its rare presentation, histological and radiological differential diagnosis and demanding surgery. We have put an effort to discuss briefly the pathogenesis and management of esthesioneuroblastoma based on a wide text and internet data-based search. Our experience makes us conclude that the proper clinical and tissue diagnosis of sphenoclival masses are of utmost importance as the management options are wide and varied in each of them. A multidisciplinary team approach should be adopted in treating these tumors as the histological and radiological interpretation is as difficult as the complicated surgical anatomy of this area. Endoscopic approach can be successfully used in the excision of ectopic esthesioneuroblastoma located in the sphenoclival region.How to cite this articleJoseph ST, Moiyadi AV, Nair DR, Pawar PV, Pai PS. Special Considerations in Esthesioneuroblastoma of Sphenoclival Region. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):158-162.
Sinonasal Verrucous Carcinoma
Authors: Qazi Sajad M , Iqbal Irfan , Mirza Aneesa , Ali Ihshan , LNU Sheetal 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTVerrucous carcinoma is a low-grade malignancy and is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a rare tumor of the sinonasal tract. The neoplasm occurs in older people usually in the seventh or eighth decade of life. Our cases were both of sinonasal origin and of younger age group.How to cite this articleQazi SM, Iqbal I, Mirza A, Ali I, Sheetal. Sinonasal Verrucous Carcinoma. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):163-164.
A Rare Neck Mass: Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Paksoy Mustafa , Altin Gokhan , Erdogan Banu Atalay , Sekercan Ozgur , Bora Fatih , Koca Sevim Baykal 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTExtraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (ESS) is rarely found in the head and neck region. This tumor is a rare soft tissue tumor morphologically similar to the Ewing's sarcoma orginating from bone. We report a case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma of the posterior neck region in a 24-year-old woman. Magnetic resonance imaging examination showed a large soft tissue mass in the left paraspinal region. The final diagnosis was extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma after excision of the mass. The patient showed good response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.How to cite this articleErdogan BA, Sekercan O, Bora F, Altin G, Paksoy M, Koca SB. A Rare Neck Mass: Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):165-167.
Dysphagia caused by Anterior Cervical Osteophyte: A Rare Entity Revisited
Authors: Rao Vishal , Shankar Raghavendra , Shivappa Naveen , Nagaraj TM 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTLarge anterior cervical osteophytes can occur in degeneration of the cervical spine, cervical spondylosis or in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Voluminous anterior cervical osteophytes which can develop from C3 to C7 can cause narrowing of the pharyngoesophageal segment by external compression and may cause dysphagia, which may be life threatening when it is associated with aspiration and or dyspnea. The objective of this case report is to highlight how commonly occurring anterior cervical osteophytes may become an unrecognized cause for life-threatening dysphagia. The clinical and radiographic findings in patient with dysphagia and ventral osteophytes of the cervical spine due to degeneration are demonstrated. The anterolateral approach for removal of these osteophytes is described.How to cite this articleVeerabhadraiah P, Rao V, Shankar R, Shivappa N, Kumar P, Nagaraj TM. Dysphagia caused by Anterior Cervical Osteophyte: A Rare Entity Revisited. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):168-171.