bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New developments in the application of artificial intelligence to laryngology
Authors: Torborg Stefan R. , Kim Ashley Yeo Eun , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on artificial intelligence technology utilization in laryngology, highlighting recent advances and current barriers to implementation.

Recent findings
The volume of publications studying applications of artificial intelligence in laryngology has rapidly increased, demonstrating a strong interest in utilizing this technology. Vocal biomarkers for disease screening, deep learning analysis of videolaryngoscopy for lesion identification, and auto-segmentation of videofluoroscopy for detection of aspiration are a few of the new ways in which artificial intelligence is poised to transform clinical care in laryngology. Increasing collaboration is ongoing to est
ablish guidelines and standards for the field to ensure generalizability.

Summary
Artificial intelligence tools have the potential to greatly advance laryngology care by creating novel screening methods, improving how data-heavy diagnostics of laryngology are analyzed, and standardizing outcome measures. However, physician and patient trust in artificial intelligence must improve for the technology to be successfully implemented. Additionally, most existing studies lack large and diverse datasets, external validation, and consistent ground-truth references necessary to produce generalizable results. Collaborative, large-scale studies will fuel technological innovation and bring artificial intelligence to the forefront of patient care in laryngology.
Evaluation and Significance of Nonvisualization of the Cavum Septum Pellucidum on Prenatal Ultrasonography
Authors: Olsen Jaxon , Rhee Eleanor , Kuller Jeffrey , Kennedy Anne 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Importance
The identification of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is an integral part of the routine second trimester fetal anatomy scan. The absence or nonvisualization of the CSP has significant clinical implications and requires further evaluation and counseling for the pregnant patient.

Objective
The aim of this review is to review the importance of accurate sonographic identification of the CSP and the underlying pathologies that can be associated with nonvisualization of this structure.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature review was performed with PubMed using key words including CSP, fetal anatomy ultrasound, and fetal anomalies.

Results
The absence of the CSP is associated with several central nervous system pathologies, all with a wide range of phenotypic outcomes, ranging from normal to very severe or lethal.

Relevance
Most obstetrician-gynecologists will have a patient in whom a CSP is not identified on fetal ultrasound. Thus, it is imperative to have a general understanding of this relatively common entity.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner will be able to describe the CSP, the importance of accurate identification on ultrasonography, and the pitfalls to avoid/be aware of; explain the additional workup required in the setting of absent CSP including utility of antenatal ultrasound, fetal magnetic resonance imaging, and genetic counseling; and discuss the various pathologies that have an association with the absence of the CSP and patient counseling regarding the absence of the CSP.
Pregnancy After Breast Cancer in Young BRCA Carriers: An International Hospital-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lambertini Matteo , Blondeaux Eva , Agostinetto Elisa , Hamy Anne-Sophie , Kim Hee Jeong , Di Meglio Antonio , Molho Rinat Bernstein , Hilbers Florentine , Pogoda Katarzyna , Carrasco Estela , Punie Kevin , Bajpai Jyoti , Ignatiadis Michail , Moore Halle C. F. , Phillips Kelly-Anne , Toss Angela , Rousset-Jablonski Christine , Peccatori Fedro A. , Renaud Tiphaine , Ferrari Alberta , Paluch-Shimon Shani , Fruscio Robert , Cui Wanda , Wong Stephanie M. , Vernieri Claudio , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Matikas Alexios , Rozenblit Mariya , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , de Marchis Laura , del Mastro Lucia , Puglisi Fabio , Estevez-Diz Maria del Pilar , Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A. , Mrinakova Bela , Meister Sarah , Livraghi Luca , Clatot Florian , Yerushalmi Rinat , de Angelis Carmine , Sánchez-Bayona Rodrigo , Meattini Icro , Cichowska-Cwalińska Natalia , Berlière Martine , Salama Mahmoud , de Giorgi Ugo , Sonnenblick Amir , Chiodi Camila , Lee Young-Jin , Maria Camille , Azim Hatem A. , Boni Luca , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: August 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA 2024;331(1):49–59
Individuals who are diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age are often carriers of a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, and many young women in this situation are interested in preserving future fertility, if possible. Reproductive counseling in this situation can be complex due to the risk of passing on the variant, as well as the implications on their own fertility, as the mutation can impact ovarian reserve, fertility potential, and other factors.
Targeted Sacral Biopsy With Portable Gamma Camera and Intraoperative Gamma Probe
Authors: Rama Alonso Sandra , Campaña Díaz Eva , Blanco Blanco Juan Francisco , García-Talavera San Miguel Paloma , Gómez-Caminero López Felipe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 58-year-old man with dysphagia and trismus symptoms presented a lobulated tumor in the right tonsil and ipsilateral laterocervical stony adenopathies in the physical examination. He had prostate carcinoma as clinical precedent. The tonsilar lesion showed focal FDG uptake (SUVmax, 10.89) on PET/CT and increased glycemic metabolism in the left sacral wing (SUVmax, 10.90) without clear morphological lesion in CT. There was also uptake of the tracer in sacrum in the bone scan. Metastatic involvement was suspected, requiring radioguided biopsy to determine the etiology. Due to radioguided biopsy, histological analysis of the metastasis was performed, with epidermoid carcinoma metastasis diagnosis.
Systematic review of the epidemiology of eating disorders in the Arab world
Authors: Melisse Bernou , van Furth Eric , Hoek Hans W. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The Arab world is dealing with modernization and sociocultural changes both associated with eating disorders. The present review provides an update of ‘Eating disorders in the Arab world: a literature review’, which was published in 2020.

Recent findings
There are 22 recent epidemiological studies on eating disorders in five different countries in the Arab world. A large-scale national mental health survey reported a 12-month eating disorder prevalence of 3.2% and an eating disorder lifetime prevalence of 6.1%. Binge-eating disorder was the most common eating disorder (12-month prevalence = 2.1%, lifetime prevalence = 2.6%), 1.6% was at high risk for binge-eating disorder. Overall, between 23.8 and 34.8% was at high risk for any eating disorder. Body-shape dissatisfaction, a high BMI and separated/widowed/single marital status were associated with eating disorder pathology.

Summary
Although there is still a lack of studies compared to the western world, the number of epidemiological studies on eating disorders in the Arab world is growing and there is an increase in studies using appropriate assessment-tools and norms. It is recommended to offer specialized treatment and to implement preventive programs.
Infected grapevines are poor hosts but can serve as source of pathogen transmission for SLF
Authors: Islam Md Tariqul , Kudla-Williams Crosley , Harner Andrew D , Centinari Michela , Rosa Cristina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe potential of the invasive spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatulaWhite; SLF) to serve as vector of plant pathogens is especially a concern for grapevine growers, as SLF are known to invade and can heavily infest vineyards, where the insects may encounter grapevines with multiple diseases. In this study, we have found that, when given the choice, SLF preferentially fed on healthy vines and that, when forced, feeding on Pierce’s disease (PD)-infected vines had negative effects on nymph development. Upon transmission trials, most of the recipient vines showed scorching symptoms typical of PD and one of the recipient vines resulted positive by qPCR. Our study suggests that SLF could be a vector of PD, however further experiments are needed to determine if transmission would occur under field conditions.
Looking for unique signals of human expansion from Africa: Beyond diversity
Authors: Cenac Zarus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere are known to be different views on which portion of Africa modern humans globally spread from. Biological diversities have been employed to estimate the origin of our global expansion. These diversities vary with geographical distance from Africa, thereby expressing the signal of the expansion. In preprints, the signal supposedly appeared beyond diversity – in cranial sexual size dimorphism and a cranial shape distance-based measure. Compared to when diversity is used alone, the addition to analysis of variables which are beyond diversity could improve recovery of the signal, therefore improving origin identification. I explored this through cranial and genetic measures which had been calculated in prior studies. Various analyses were used, e.g., ridge regression and Mantel tests. Amongst cranial variables (shape diversity, sexual size dimorphism, and a shape distance-based measure), only dimorphism had a unique portion of the expansion signal. In comparison to when diversity was utilised alone, the additional use of dimorphism and the distance-based measure did not substantially impact signal recovery. However, their addition possibly improved origin identification, reducing by 46% the size of the geographical area which may have the origin. This smaller area approximately matched southern Africa, however, it was not only in the south. It was questionable if the signal was present in a genetic distance-based measure, which called into question whether the expansion signal is truly present in the cranial shape distance-based measure. Analysis suggested that the apparent presence of the signal in distance-based measures is affected by the representation of Oceanian populations. This study supports cranial sexual size dimorphism being a helpful indicator of the expansion whilst calling into question whether biological distance-based measures are indicators. Clarity remains missing on which African region was the origin.
Generating Advancements in Longitudinal Analysis in X and Y Variations: Rationale, Design, and Methods for the GALAXY Registry
Authors: Carl Alexandra , Bothwell Samantha , Swenson Karli , Bregante Ryan , Cohen Lilian , Cover Virginia , Dawczyk Anna , Decker Gail , Gerken Stephen B. , Hong David , Howell Susan , Raznahan Armin , Rogol Alan D. , Tartaglia Nicole , Davis Shanlee 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are a family of genetic disorders that result from an atypical number of X and/or Y chromosomes. SCAs are the most common chromosomal abnormality, affecting ∼1/400 live births, yet are often underdiagnosed, leading to over-representation of more severely impacted individuals in many clinical studies. In addition to this ascertainment bias, existing work in SCAs has also been limited by low geographic and demographic diversity. To address these limitations, we have created the Generating Advancements with Longitudinal Analysis in X and Y variations (GALAXY) Registry. To date, GALAXY has accrued 295 verified SCA participants. Next steps include targeted recruitment of minoritized individuals regarding race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, and continuing engagement with the SCA community.
Soft X-Ray Phase Nanomicroscopy of Micrometer-Thick Magnets
Authors: Neethirajan Jeffrey , Daurer Benedikt J. , Martínez Marisel Di Pietro , Hrabec Aleš , Turnbull Luke , Yamamoto Rikako , Ferreira Marina Raboni , Štefančič Aleš , Mayoh Daniel Alexander , Balakrishnan Geetha , Pei Zhaowen , Xue Pengfei , Chang Liao , Ringe Emilie , Harrison Richard , Valencia Sergio , Kazemian Majid , Kaulich Burkhard , Donnelly Claire 
Published: August 2024

Imaging of nanoscale magnetic textures within extended material systems is of critical importance to both fundamental research and technological applications. While high-resolution magnetic imaging of thin nanoscale samples is well established with electron and soft x-ray microscopy, the extension to micrometer-thick systems currently requires hard x rays, which limits high-resolution imaging to rare-earth magnets. Here, we overcome this limitation by establishing soft x-ray magnetic imaging of micrometer-thick systems using the pre-edge phase x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal, thus making possible the study of a wide range of magnetic materials. By performing dichroic spectroptychography, we demonstrate high spatial resolution imaging of magnetic samples up to 1.7  μm thick, an order of magnitude higher than conventionally possible with soft x-ray absorption-based techniques. We demonstrate the applicability of the technique by harnessing the pre-edge phase to image thick chiral helimagnets, and naturally occurring magnetite particles, gaining insight into their three-dimensional magnetic configuration. This new regime of magnetic imaging makes possible the study of extended non-rare-earth systems that have until now been inaccessible, including magnetic textures for future spintronic applications, non-rare-earth permanent magnets for energy harvesting, and the magnetic configuration of giant magnetofossils.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Eigenstate Correlations, the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis, and Quantum Information Dynamics in Chaotic Many-Body Quantum Systems
Authors: Hahn Dominik , Luitz David J. , Chalker J. T. 
Published: August 2024

We consider the statistical properties of eigenstates of the time-evolution operator in chaotic many-body quantum systems. Our focus is on correlations between eigenstates that are specific to spatially extended systems and that characterize entanglement dynamics and operator spreading. In order to isolate these aspects of dynamics from those arising as a result of local conservation laws, we consider Floquet systems in which there are no conserved densities. The correlations associated with scrambling of quantum information lie outside the standard framework established by the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). In particular, ETH provides a statistical description of matrix elements of local operators between pairs of eigenstates, whereas the aspects of dynamics we are concerned with arise from correlations among sets of four or more eigenstates. We establish the simplest correlation function that captures these correlations and discuss features of its behavior that are expected to be universal at long distances and low energies. We also propose a maximum-entropy ansatz for the joint distribution of a small number n of eigenstates. In the case n=2, this ansatz reproduces ETH. For n=4 it captures both the growth with time of entanglement between subsystems, as characterized by the purity of the time-evolution operator, and also operator spreading, as characterized by the behavior of the out-of-time-order correlator. We test these ideas by comparing results from Monte Carlo sampling of our ansatz with exact diagonalization studies of Floquet quantum circuits.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Consumer emotions and behaviors: double moderation of sign value and source market
Authors: Al-Ansi Amr , Olya Hossein , Dalir Sara , Lee Hee Yul , Abdul Rahim Alina 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe contribution of this study is two-fold. First, we draw on attribution theory to develop a model for predicting how the knowledge, emotions, and satisfaction that consumers have regarding halal cosmetics can influence their willingness to pay more and recommend the products to others.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from 278 Indonesian and 163 Malaysian female consumers were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. Second, we test the moderation role of sign value using metric invariance across the two different source markets.FindingsThe results obtained confirm that consumers exhibit positive emotions when they possess knowledge about halal cosmetics and their quality. Testing the double moderation further reveals that consumers with a high sign value behave differently from those with a low sign value.Originality/valueThese findings present practical insights that can be used by retailers and marketers in their strategies to boost the sale of halal cosmetics.
From investment to emissions: unveiling the rebound effect of renewable energy consumption on energy efficiency in Asia-Pacific economies
Authors: Kashyap Ashis , Hussain Farah 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The study aims to explore the moderation effect of renewable energy consumption (REC) on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and carbon emission (CO2). Furthermore, the study investigates the prevalence of rebound effect in energy efficiency for the top five FDI inbound destinations in the Asia-Pacific region.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a balanced panel data set spanning from 1995 to 2020 obtained from the World Bank Database. This paper used feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) as the primary method, and to ensure the robustness of the findings, this paper used the panels corrected standard errors (PCSE) model.

Findings
The findings reveal a negative relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions and REC and CO2 emissions. However, the moderation effect of REC on the relationship between FDI inflows and CO2 emissions is positive, suggesting that when both FDI and REC increase simultaneously, carbon emissions also increase. This study attributes the observed positive moderation effect to the phenomenon known as the rebound effect.

Research limitations/implications
FDI fosters environmental sustainability. Regions’ FDI policies can be guidelines for other nations aiming for similar outcomes. REC reduces CO2 emissions, underlining renewable energy’s efficacy. However, positive moderation effect of REC on the relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions highlights the necessity for balanced policies to prevent unintended consequences like the rebound effect.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in examining the prevalence of rebound effect in energy efficiency. Prior empirical studies have explored the relationship between REC and carbon emission and established that increased efficiency in renewable energy creates positive environmental and climate externalities. However, it is constrained by rebound effects and this has been ignored by previous studies.
How are Allied Health Professionals represented at board level in NHS Trusts in the West Midlands?
Authors: Colesby Charlotte 
Published: August 2024

PurposeAllied Health Professionals (AHPs) are the third largest professional group in the National Health Service (NHS). This qualitative study aimed to establish the representation of AHPs at NHS Trust board level.Design/methodology/approachExamination of public Trust board minutes and Care Quality Commission (CQC) reports from a sample of NHS provider Trusts in the West Midlands. One reviewer extracted data concerning all details pertaining to professional staffing groups.FindingsA stark picture of under-representation which is statistically significant emerges. AHP representation to Trust boards via public board meetings was 7% for AHPs, compared to 41% for doctors and 52% for nurses. There were similar results with CQC reports, with the representation of AHPs at 11%, whilst doctors and nurses were significantly higher at 42 and 47%, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe data gathered for this paper was from a small number of NHS provider Trusts in the West Midlands of England, which can be considered a limitation of the study. However, the results of this study are stark and provide a compelling snapshot of the significant under-representation of AHPs to those NHS Trust boards included.Practical implicationsAHPs are a significant staff group within the NHS; their representation at board level is of benefit to the Trust boards both in terms of engaging with staff and in terms of managing quality and risk. Recommendations are made that Trust boards ensure they have a board member with responsibility for AHPs who actively engages with, understands and provides challenge, and that the CQC considers the inclusion of examples of AHP activity and staffing levels in their inspection, and that these are confirmed with senior AHPs in the organisation being inspected.Originality/valueThis is an original paper and is the first to address the representation of AHPs at Trust board via consideration of board papers and CQC reports, providing a platform for further consideration.
Improving the operational (transformation) management process of postgraduate mentoring
Authors: Bordogna Claudia M. 
Published: August 2024

PurposeUniversities in the United Kingdom, like their counterparts globally, are confronting difficulties associated with the well-being of students. The origins of these challenges are complex, exacerbated by various global events. In response, universities are trying to address these growing concerns and the escalating need for student support. Faculty members are often recruited to assist students in navigating academic and personal challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate how the process of student mentoring, by faculty members, could be made more operationally robust to better support student demand, thus yielding greater value for both students and staff.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was adopted with 19 academic faculty working as mentors within a UK business school who participated in 90-minute semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analysed using an operational (transformation) management framework, with findings categorised under three key headings – inputs, transformations and outputs – to discover how the operational process of mentoring students could be enhanced.FindingsParticipants discussed the inputs required to deliver mentoring, the process of transformation and their desired outputs. Findings suggest coordinated and relevant inputs that is, information, environments and technology, coupled with good mentor selection and recruitment improves operational robustness, adding greater value to the student experience by creating more purposeful outputs, thereby benefiting themselves and their students.Originality/valueThe application of an operational (transformation) process framework to analyse faculty mentoring of students is unique, thereby offering new insights into the construction and management of these types of academic support initiatives.