bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Episiotomy and Factors Associated with Its Practice in Three Teaching Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Eskinder , Fantahun Yitbarek , Hassen Sofia 
Published: July 2024

Background: Episiotomy is a surgical incision into the perineum and posterior vaginal wall during the second stage of labor to increase the diameter of the soft tissue pelvic outlet to facilitate delivery. Episiotomy rates vary from population to population. Limited information exists related to the practice of episiotomy in Ethiopia.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of episiotomy practice and associated factors at three teaching hospitals (Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Gandhi Memorial Hospital, and Zewditu Memorial Hospital) in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Method and Materials: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to March 2022 on 386 mothers who had a vaginal delivery in the three hospitals. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was entered, coded, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. P value ? 0.05 was used to determine the level of statistically significant variables.
Results: The prevalence of episiotomy was 49%. Age ?24 years (AOR=0.17, 95%CI=0.055, 0.52), operative vagainal delivery (vacuum AOR=3.1, 95%CI=1.50,18.67 and forceps AOR=3.5, 95%CI=1.87, 11.06), duration of second stage of labor ?2HR (AOR=3.5, 95%CI=1.87, 11.06), birth weight of newborn ?4000 grams (AOR=5.3, 95%CI=95%CI, 1.28, 22.02) and FGM (AOR=2.8, 95%CI=1.64, 4.94) were factors significantly associated with episiotomy practice.
Conclusion: The prevalence of episiotomy in this study (49%) is higher than the WHO’s recommendation (10%). Variables that remained associated significantly with episiotomy were maternal age, instrument delivery, duration of the second stage of labor ?2HR, newborn weighing ?4000 grams, and FGM. An effort should be made to reduce the prevalence of episiotomy by adhering to the correct indications and preparing periodic on-job training regarding the indication of episiotomy to all obstetric care providers.
Relationship between Endometrial Thickness and Pregnancy Outcomes in Assisted Reproductive Technology Cycles
Authors: Abdulahi Ahmed Mutasim 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the relations of different ultrasonic endometrial thickness (EMT)values on hCG trigger day and the pregnancy rate (PR) after fresh embryo transfer (ET) in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycles.
Background: Successful implantation and delivery require both the functional embryo and receptive endometrium in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles which is an expensive procedure with low implantation and pregnancy rate (PR). It is estimated that embryos account for one-third, and suboptimal endometrial receptivity for the remaining two-thirds of implantation failures. There is still an ongoing debate regarding the predictive ability of ultrasonic endometrial evaluation on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) trigger during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) on the outcomes of pregnancies after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI).
Method: A retrospective review of data from medical records of all patients who underwent COS, oocyte retrieval, IVF/ICSI, and fresh ET between March 2021and July 2022 at Centre for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine (CFRM), St Paul Millennium medical College (SPHMMC) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patients were categorized based on their ET outcome (as pregnant or non-pregnant) and EMT values on the day hCG trigger (groups A <8mm, B 8-12mm, and C>12 in mm) to study and analyze if any relation between endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate existed.
Results: A total of 548 records were analyzed. PR was 40.9%. The odds of pregnancy were higher among patients with EMT group B (82.8% vs 74.6%, p=0.05) and was shown to be significant after controlling for the effects of multiple confounding factors. Although receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis indicated that EMT has a limited value to be used as an indicator of the pregnancy rate as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.59 (95% CI= 0.53, 0.63), it was not possible to determine a cutoff of the endometrial thickness value with an acceptable trade-off between sensitivity and specificity
Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between the EMT measured on the day of hCG injection and PR and that EMT is an independent factor. Further prospective study is needed to explore the issue in more detail in our setup.
TIMELY INITIATION OF POSTPARTUM MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE IN ARBA MINCH TOWN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES, GAMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Mancho Mayaye 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: Most the women average time to first postpartum ovulation is 45 days and can occur as early as 25 postpartum days (1). But, many women do not recognize that they are at risk of pregnancy during this period. Most postnatal women are exposed to pregnancy, by seven to nine months after delivery up till now have not obtained contraceptives (2).

Objectives: - To assess the timely initiation of postpartum modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women of childbearing age in Arba Minch Town health facilities.

The method:-An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed using pretested interviewer-administered questions among 574 interviewees. The systematic random sampling method was done from April 15 to May 15, 2020. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. P-value < 0.05 was used to consider as statically significant variables.

Results: The magnitude of timely initiation of postpartum contraceptive utilization was found to be 260 (45.3%) 95% [CI: 40.1-49.0]. The educational level of respondents, (AOR=0.46; 95% [CI: 0.31-0.71], No of ANC visit [AOR=2.913,95% [CI:1.39-6.07], counseling of postpartum family planning after the last delivery (AOR=2.29,95% [CI:1.46-3.58], couple discussed (AOR=4.94,95%[CI:3.01-8.09], resumption of sexual intercourse (AOR=1.74, 95% [CI: 1.36-2.77] and return of menses (AOR=(6.6, 95% [CI:1.91-22.78) were significantly associated variables with timely initiation of postpartum contraceptive utilization.

Conclusion: less than half of the study participants have timely initiated modern contraceptives in Arba Minch Town. Family planning programs should be established incorporated at antenatal and postnatal follow-up actively.

Keywords: Timely initiation, modern contraceptive,
Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Utilization among Adolescents in South Ethiopia: Examining the Role of Stigma, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Boti Negussie , Abebe Kerbo Amene , Daka Gidebo Kassa , Dibaba Wado Yohannes 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Despite the high burden of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) during adolescence and it associated negative consequences. Yet, relatively little attention has been given to the role of stigma, social support, and self-efficacy in adolescents’ SRH services utilization. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of stigma, social support, and self-efficacy in adolescents’ SRH services utilization in South Ethiopia.
Methods: A total of 1172 adolescents were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. Correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between the variables. A structural equation model was used to examine the chain and single mediating roles of self-efficacy and perceived social support.
Results: This study found that the direct, indirect, and overall effects of SRH-related stigma on the utilization of SRH services were significant. A single mediation effect via perceived social support was -0.0017 [bootstrap 95% CI: -0.0026, -0.0007] and self-efficacy was -0.00123 [bootstrap 95% CI: (-0.0023, -0.0002)] in the association between SRH service utilization and SRH-related stigma. The chain mediation effect test showed that perceived social support and self-efficacy mediated the effect of SRH-related stigma on SRH service utilization, with a mediation effect score of -0.0025 [bootstrap 95% CI: (-0 .0034, -0.0015)].
Conclusion: The association between SRH-related stigma and SRH service utilization was partially mediated by self-efficacy and perceived social support. The chain mediation effect test also confirmed that perceived social support and self-efficacy sequentially mediated the effect of SRH-related stigma on SRH service utilization. Therefore, designing comprehensive interventions that target “3S” stigma, social support, and self-efficacy may be effective in improving service utilization.
Keywords: Adolescents; Sexual and Reproductive Health Service; Stigma; Self-efficacy, Perceived social support; South Ethiopia.
Obstetric HDU: A Supply-Based Alternative for ICU Care in a Low-Income Setting: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Fessehaye Abraham , Bekele Delayehu , Belay Lemi , Birara Malede , G.Medhin Genet , Abdulkadir Abdulfetah , Gudu Wondimu , Fessehaye Abraham 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The demand of ICU care for obstetric patients is rising in low-income settings, where there is low ICU-bed capacity. Introduction of obstetric High-dependency unit (HDU) has been described as an effective strategy to bridge this gap in resource-restricted settings.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristic and maternal outcomes of obstetric patients admitted to the first obstetric HDU in Ethiopia.
Study Design: This was a descriptive study on clinical characteristics and maternal outcomes of obstetric patients admitted to obstetric HDU over one year (October 2021 to September 2022) at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia). Data were collected retrospectively through reviewing patients’ medical records using a data extraction format with KOBO collect tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and simple descriptive statistics were employed. Proportions and percentages were used to present the results.
Results: After excluding 18 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, a total of 355 obstetric patients who were admitted to an obstetric HDU were included in the final analysis. Among these all-obstetric patients admitted to obstetric HDU, pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia (82/355, 23.1%) and postpartum hemorrhage (66/355, 18.6%) were the most frequent reasons for admission to the HDU whereas cardiac disease constituted 14.1% (50/355) of the indication for admissions to the unit.
Majority (318/355, 89.6%) from the study participants were transferred to other wards with improvement, while 37(7.9%) deteriorated with 9(2.53%) of them died. Septic shock (6/9, 66.6%) and DIC (2/9, 22.2%) were the leading causes of death in the HDU.
Conclusion: Findings of our study demonstrate that opening HDU in a low-income setting is feasible and results in favorable maternal outcomes. Introduction of obstetric HDU in low-income settings is an effective intervention to reduce severe maternal morbidity and mortality associated with low ICU-bed capacity in those settings.
Optimalisasi Mekanisme pada Lifeboat dalam Menanggulangi Kegagalan Launching di KM. Kaltim Express22
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Rizqy , Suriadi Suriadi , Siskia Syafni Yelvi , Sulistiana Oktavera , Kurniadi Dedy 
Published: July 2024

Dalam perkembangannya industri transportasi laut yang pesat tidak terlepas dari resiko kecelakaan kerja yang cukup tinggi. Timbulnya kasus kecelakaan yang terjadi di atas kapal disebabkan karena kesalahan dan kelalaian manusianya serta minimnya pelatihan keselamatan, selebihnya disebabkan oleh faktor alam dan faktor faktor lainnya. Penelitian tersebut di lakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui penghambat saat menurunkan sekoci serta cara yang tepat agar awak kapal dapat menurunkan sekoci penolong dengan optimal. Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di atas kapal KM. Kaltim Express22. Teknik Pengumpulan data adalah menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan penulis adalah ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi awak kapal dalam latihan menurunkan sekoci penolong yaitu kurangnya perawatan dan ketidaksiapan awak kapal dalam latihan, serta anggapan hanya sekedar latihan membuat respon dalam tugas-tugas penurunan sekoci kurang diperhatikan.
Spacing Simultaneously Promotes Multiple Forms of Learning in Children's Science Curriculum
Authors: Gluckman Maxie , Vlach Haley A. , Sandhofer Catherine M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThespacing effect refers to the robust finding that long‐term memory is promoted when learning events are distributed in time rather than massed in immediate succession. The current study extended research on the spacing effect by examining whether spaced learning schedules can simultaneously promote multiple forms of learning, such as memory and generalization, in the context of an educational intervention. Thirty‐six early elementary school‐aged children were presented with science lessons on one of three schedules: massed, clumped, and spaced. At a 1‐week delayed test, children in the spaced condition demonstrated improvements in both memory and generalization, significantly outperforming children in the other conditions. However, there was no observed relationship between children's memory performance and generalization performance. The current study highlights directions for future research and contributes to a growing body of work demonstrating the benefits of spaced learning for educational curriculum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric Michael Addition of Oxindoles to Allenoate Catalyzed by N‐Acyl Aminophosphine: Construction of Functionalized Oxindoles with Quaternary Stereogenic Center
Authors: Chen Jinhao , Cai Yuepeng , Zhao Gang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel reaction between ethyl allenoate and oxindoles that enables the asymmetric synthesis of 3,3‐bisubstituted oxindoles with our previously established bifunctional N‐acyl aminophosphine catalysts is reported. These products bearing a chiral quaternary carbon center at the C‐3 position of the oxindoles may have potential significance in the synthesis of related structures. The best performance of these processes provides adducts with 92% yield and 94% ee.magnified image
Structural Determinants for the Non‐Canonical Substrate Specificity of the ω‐Transaminase from Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors: Park Eul‐Soo , Park Sae‐Rom , Han Sang‐Woo , Dong Joo‐Young , Shin Jong‐Shik 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSubstrate binding pockets of ω‐transaminase (ω‐TA) consist of a large (L) pocket capable of dual recognition of hydrophobic and carboxyl substituents, and a small (S) pocket displaying a strict steric constraint that permits entry of a substituent no larger than an ethyl group. Despite the unique catalytic utility of ω‐TA enabling asymmetric reductive amination of carbonyl compounds, the severe size exclusion occurring in the S pocket has limited synthetic applications of ω‐TA to access structurally diverse chiral amines and amino acids. Here we report the first example of an ω‐TA whose S pocket shows a non‐canonical steric constraint and readily accommodates up to an n‐butyl substituent. The relaxed substrate specificity of the (S)‐selective ω‐TA, cloned from Paracoccus denitrificans (PDTA), afforded efficient asymmetric syntheses of unnatural amino acids carrying long alkyl side chains such as L‐norvaline and L‐norleucine. Molecular modeling using the recently released X‐ray structure of PDTA could pinpoint an exact location of the S pocket which had remained dubious. Entry of a hydrophobic substituent in the L pocket was found to have the S pocket accept up to an ethyl substituent, reminiscent of the canonical steric constraint. In contrast, binding of a carboxyl group to the L pocket induced a slight movement of V153 away from the small‐pocket‐forming residues. The resulting structural change elicited excavation of the S pocket, leading to formation of a narrow tunnel‐like structure allowing accommodation of linear alkyl groups of carboxylate‐bearing substrates. To verify the active site model, we introduced site‐directed mutagenesis to six active site residues and examined whether the point mutations alleviated the steric constraint in the S pocket. Consistent with the molecular modeling results, the V153A variant assumed an elongated S pocket and accepted even an n‐hexyl substituent. Our findings provide precise structural information on substrate binding to the active site of ω‐TA, which is expected to benefit rational redesign of substrate specificity of ω‐TA.magnified image
Novel Risk Loci for Rheumatoid Arthritis in Han Chinese and Congruence With Risk Variants in Europeans
Authors: Jiang Lei , Yin Jian , Ye Lingying , Yang Jian , Hemani Gibran , Liu Ai‐jun , Zou Hejian , He Dongyi , Sun Lingyun , Zeng Xiaofeng , Li Zhanguo , Zheng Yi , Lin Yiping , Liu Yi , Fang Yongfei , Xu Jianhua , Li Yinong , Dai Shengming , Guan Jianlong , Jiang Lindi , Wei Qianghua , Wang Yi , Li Yang , Huang Cibo , Zuo Xiaoxia , Liu Yu , Wu Xin , Zhang Libin , Zhou Ling , Zhang Qing , Li Ting , Chen Ling , Xu Zhen , Yang Xiaoping , Qian Feng , Xie Weilin , Liu Wei , Guo Qian , Huang Shaolan , Zhao Jing , Li Mengmeng , Jin Yanhua , Gao Jie , Lv Ying , Wang Yiwen , Lin Li , Guo Aihua , Danoy Patrick , Willner Dana , Cremin Catherine , Hadler Johanna , Zhang Fengchun , Zhao Yan , Li Mengtao , Yue Tao , Fan Xiaolei , Guo Jianping , Mu Rong , Li Jingyi , Wu Chao , Zeng Ming , Wang Jiucun , Li Shilin , Jin Li , Wang Binbin , Wang Jing , Ma Xu , Sun Liangdan , Zhang Xuejun , Brown Matthew A. , Visscher Peter M. , Su Ding‐feng , Xu Huji 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Han Chinese as compared with Europeans.MethodsA genome‐wide association study was conducted in China with 952 patients and 943 controls, and 32 variants were followed up in 2,132 patients and 2,553 controls. A transpopulation meta‐analysis with results from a large European RA study was also performed to compare the genetic architecture across the 2 ethnic remote populations.ResultsThree non–major histocompatibility complex (non‐MHC) loci were identified at the genome‐wide significance level, the effect sizes of which were larger in anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)–positive patients than in ACPA‐negative patients. These included 2 novel variants, rs12617656, located in an intron of DPP4 (odds ratio [OR] 1.56, P = 1.6 × 10−21), and rs12379034, located in the coding region of CDK5RAP2 (OR 1.49, P = 1.1 × 10−16), as well as a variant at the known CCR6 locus, rs1854853 (OR 0.71, P = 6.5 × 10−15). The analysis of ACPA‐positive patients versus ACPA‐negative patients revealed that rs12617656 at the DPP4 locus showed a strong interaction effect with ACPAs (P = 5.3 × 10−18), and such an interaction was also observed for rs7748270 at the MHC locus (P = 5.9 × 10−8). The transpopulation meta‐analysis showed genome‐wide overlap and enrichment in association signals across the 2 populations, as confirmed by prediction analysis.ConclusionThis study has expanded the list of alleles that confer risk of RA, provided new insight into the pathogenesis of RA, and added empirical evidence to the emerging polygenic nature of complex trait variation driven by common genetic variants.
Organocatalyzed Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Tandem Sulfa‐Michael–Mannich Reaction of 2‐Mercaptoquinoline‐3‐carbaldimines with Maleimides
Authors: Wu Lulu , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Tang Liangfu , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective organocatalyzed domino sulfa‐Michael–Mannich reaction of 2‐mercaptoquinoline‐3‐carbaldimines with maleimides has been developed. This approach provides a convenient and efficient access to multifuntionalized tetracyclic quinoline derivatives with three contiguous stereocenters in high yield with excellent stereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr and >99 % ee).
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of NCC149 Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase 8‐Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Suzuki Takayoshi , Muto Nobusuke , Bando Masashige , Itoh Yukihiro , Masaki Ayako , Ri Masaki , Ota Yosuke , Nakagawa Hidehiko , Iida Shinsuke , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Miyata Naoki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe recently discovered N‐hydroxy‐3‐[1‐(phenylthio)methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl]benzamide (NCC149) as a potent and selective histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) inhibitor from a 151‐member triazole compound library using a click chemistry approach. In this work, we present a series of NCC149 derivatives bearing various aromatic linkers that were designed and synthesized as HDAC8‐selective inhibitors. A series of in vitro assays were used to evaluate the newly synthesized compounds, four of which showed HDAC8 inhibitory activity similar to that of NCC149, and one of which displayed HDAC8 selectivity superior to that of NCC149. In addition, these top four compounds induced the increase of acetylated cohesin (an HDAC8 substrate) in HeLa cells in a dose‐dependent manner, indicating inhibition of HDAC8 in the cells. While none of these compounds enhanced the acetylation of H3K9 (a substrate of HDAC1 and 2), only one compound refrained from increasing α‐tubulin acetylation, a substrate of HDAC6, indicating that this compound is more selective for HDAC8 than the other derivatives. Furthermore, this HDAC8‐selective inhibitor suppressed the growth of T‐cell lymphoma cells more potently than did NCC149. These findings are useful for the further development of HDAC8‐selective inhibitors.
An Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approach to the Spectroscopy of Organic‐Dye‐Sensitized TiO2 Heterointerfaces: Disentangling the Effects of Aggregation, Solvation, and Surface Protonation
Authors: Marotta Gabriele , Lobello Maria Grazia , Anselmi Chiara , Barozzino Consiglio Gabriella , Calamante Massimo , Mordini Alessandro , Pastore Mariachiara , De Angelis Filippo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report a joint experimental and computational study into the spectroscopic properties of a prototypical D5 organic dye, both in solution and adsorbed on a TiO2 surface, with the aim of modeling and quantifying the UV/Vis spectral shifts that occur in the different explored environments. Going from the dye in solution to dye‐sensitized TiO2, various factors may shift the position of the UV/Vis absorption maximum, both towards longer and shorter wavelengths. Here we have focused on the effect of dye aggregation on TiO2, surface protonation, and solvent effects. The D5 dye forms stable aggregates on the TiO2 surface that cause spectral blueshifts. We used different sensitization conditions to vary the dye loading and thus the extent of dye aggregation. For each sensitization condition, we explored protonated and native TiO2 films. Computational modeling of different dimeric aggregates with increasing intermolecular interactions and simulation of the associated optical responses also confirm the observed spectral blueshifts. Our results show that both the presence of surface protons and solvent stabilize the excited state of the adsorbed dye molecules, which causes a marked redshift in the absorption maximum and thus moves in the opposite direction to the shift due to the increase in the surface coverage.