bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Calcification in Obese Youth: What Are the Phenotypic and Metabolic Determinants?
Authors: Bacha Fida , Edmundowicz Daniel , Sutton-Tyrell Kim , Lee SoJung , Tfayli Hala , Arslanian Silva A. 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE
Obesity in adolescence has been associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease in adulthood. This study evaluated subclinical atherosclerosis in obese youth and the underlying risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ninety obese adolescents (37 normal glucose tolerant, 27 prediabetes, and 26 type 2 diabetes) underwent evaluation of coronary artery calcifications (CACs) by electron beam computed tomography, aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), lipids, leptin, inflammatory markers, and body composition (DEXA). A total of 68 underwent evaluation of insulin sensitivity (IS) (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) and abdominal adiposity (computed tomography).

RESULTS
A total of 50% had CACs (CAC+: Agatston CAC score ≥1). CAC+ youth had higher BMI, fat mass, and abdominal fat, with no difference in sex, race, IS per fat-free mass (ISFFM), glucose tolerance, PWV, or IMT compared with the CAC− group. PWV was inversely related to IS. In multiple regression analyses with age, race, sex, HbA1c, BMI (or waist circumference), ISFFM, diastolic blood pressure, non–HDL cholesterol, and leptin as independent variables, BMI (or waist) (R2 = 0.41; P = 0.001) was the significant determinant of CAC; leptin (R2 = 0.37; P = 0.034) for PWV; and HbA1c, race, and age (R2 = 0.34; P = 0.02) for IMT.

CONCLUSIONS
Early in the course of obesity, there is evidence of CAC independent of glycemia. The different biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis appear to be differentially modulated, adiposity being the major determinant of CAC, hyperglycemia, age, and race for IMT, and leptin and IS for arterial stiffness. These findings highlight the increased cardiovascular disease risk in obese youth and the need for early interventions to reverse obesity and atherosclerosis.
Birth Weight and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Black Women’s Health Study: Does Adult BMI Play a Mediating Role?
Authors: Ruiz-Narváez Edward A. , Palmer Julie R. , Gerlovin Hanna , Wise Lauren A. , Vimalananda Varsha G. , Rosenzweig James L. , Rosenberg Lynn 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE
To assess the association of birth weight with incident type 2 diabetes, and the possible mediating influence of obesity, in a large cohort of U.S. black women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Black Women’s Health Study is an ongoing prospective study. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CI for categories of birth weight (very low birth weight [&lt;1,500 g], low birth weight [1,500–2,499 g], and high birth weight [≥4,000 g]) in reference to normal birth weight (2,500–3,999 g). Models were adjusted for age, questionnaire cycle, family history of diabetes, caloric intake, preterm birth, physical activity, years of education, and neighborhood socioeconomic status with and without inclusion of terms for adult BMI.

RESULTS
We followed 21,624 women over 16 years of follow-up. There were 2,388 cases of incident diabetes. Women with very low birth weight had a 40% higher risk of disease (IRR 1.40 [95% CI 1.08–1.82]) than women with normal birth weight; women with low birth weight had a 13% higher risk (IRR 1.13 [95% CI 1.02–1.25]). Adjustment for BMI did not appreciably change the estimates.

CONCLUSIONS
Very low birth weight and low birth weight appear to be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in African American women, and the association does not seem to be mediated through BMI. The prevalence of low birth weight is especially high in African American populations, and this may explain in part the higher occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
Effects of Stocking Density of Lambs on Biochemical Stress Parameters and Meat Quality Related to Commercial Transportation
Authors: Teke Bulent , Ekiz Bulent , Akdag Filiz , Ugurlu Mustafa , Ciftci Gulay , Senturk Berrin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of stocking density (0.20 and 0.27 m2/lamb) during transportation on certain biochemical stress parameters and meat quality characteristics of fifty- five Karayaka lambs divided into two groups. The front compartment of the trailer was loaded at high stocking density (hd: 0.20 m2/lamb; n=33) and the remainder was loaded at low stocking density (ld: 0.27 m2/lamb; n=22). the distance was approximately 130 km and duration was 2 h 15 min. blood samples were taken just before and just after transportation. glucose (p<0.001), lactate (p<0.001), cortisol (p<0.01), creatine kinase (ck) (p<0.01), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) (P<0.01) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) levels were significantly higher in lambs of the hd group than in the ld group. the effects of stocking density on ph, proportion of expressed juice, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force value and meat colour parameters were not significant (P>0.05). Transportation with a stocking density of 0.20 m2/lamb resulted in higher stress responses in lambs compared with a stocking density of 0.27 m2/lamb. however, increased stress in the hd group did not lead to any adverse effects on meat quality characteristics. in the determination of stocking density, a compromise that gives animal welfare and commercial objectives equal status would improve the current situation.
Three-dimensional microstructure and numerical calculation of elastic properties of alpine snow with a focus on weak layers
Authors: Köchle Berna , Schneebeli Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe microstructure and stratigraphy of a snowpack determine its physical behaviour. Weak layers or weak interfaces buried under a slab are prerequisites for the formation of dry-snow slab avalanches, and a precise characterization of weak layers or interfaces is essential to assess stability. Yet their exact geometry and micromechanical properties are poorly known. We cast weak layers and their adjacent layers in the field during two winters and reconstructed their three-dimensional microstructure using X-ray microcomputer tomography. The high resolution of 10–20 μm allowed us to study snow stratigraphy at the microstructural scale. We quantified the microstructural variability for 32 centimetre-sized layered samples and we calculated Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio by tomography-based finite-element simulations. Layers in a sample could therefore be differentiated not only by a change in morphology or microstructure, but also by a change in mechanical properties. We found a logarithmic correlation of Young’s modulus with density for two different density ranges, consistent with previous studies. By calculating the relative microstructural changes within our samples, we showed that a large change could indicate a potential weak layer, but only when the weak layer and both adjacent layers, i.e. the sandwich, were considered.
GPS-derived velocity and strain fields around Dome Argus, Antarctica
Authors: Yang Yuande , Sun Bo , Wang Zemin , Ding Minghu , Hwang Cheinway , Ai Songtao , Wang Lianzhong , Du Yujun , E Dongchen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKnowledge of the surface topography, velocity field and strain field at an ice-core site is critical to the accurate interpretation of ice-core records. At Dome Argus (Dome A), where a Chinese deep ice-core drilling project is being carried out, we have produced an accurate surface digital elevation model from GPS measurements in January 2013 at 47 sites. We identify two peaks at Dome A, with the northern peak ~7 cm higher than the southern peak. Repeat GPS measurements at 12 sites in 2008 and 2013 provide a surface velocity field around the dome. The surface velocity ranges from 3.1±2.6 to 29.4±1.2 cm a–1, with a mean of 11.1 ~2.4 cm a–1. The surface flow directions are near perpendicular to the surface elevation contours. Velocities from GPS are lower than derived from satellite radar interferometry (InSAR). From GPS velocities, the accuracy of velocity from the existing InSAR velocity field is determined, resulting in a standard deviation of 0.570 m a–1 in speed and 117.5º in direction. This result is consistent with the reported accuracy of InSAR, showing the value of in situ GPS measurements for assessing and correcting remote-sensing results. A surface strain field for the drilling site over Dome A is calculated from 24 strain triangles, showing north–south extension, east– west compression and vertical layer thinning.
Bildung and the road from a classical into a global and postcolonial concept
Authors: Gustavsson Bernt 
Published: August 2014

In this article the author shows how a European classical form of bildung has developed in our time into a postcolonial, or a new global form of bildung.
The main components of the concept of bildung are described as well as a suggestion of what we can mean by the postcolonial. Thereafter the author elaborate on the relationship between the universal and the particular and discusses what we can mean by a global concept of bildung.
Relations génétiques entre les populations de mils sauvages et cultivés : résultats d'une enquête au Mali
Authors: Sandmeier Michel , Pilate-André Sophie , Pernes Jean 
Published: August 2014

Genetic relationships between wild and domestic populations of pearl millet : results from a survey in Mali. Pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoïdes) seeds were collected from Mali in november 1985. ORSTOM and IBPGR having already obtained exhaustive collections of various forms of pearl millet, the aim of this project was to collect a limited number of samples from areas where pearl millets of domestic, wild and intermediate types (chibras, hybrids between wild and domestic types) are found in a sympatric or allopatric situation. The three types coexist with non sexual barriers.
The samples were collected in three areas : — Nioro du Sahel ; — Bandiagara ; — Gourma-Rahrous. Enquiries carried out within the local population led to the knowledge of the growing habits (cultivation, seed preparation, behaviour towards chibras or wild types) as well as the feeding habits and the usual names for the various types of pearl millet. This information gives a better view of the related evolution within wild and domestic populations of pearl millet in precise ecological conditions.
Fungal β-Glucan, a Dectin-1 Ligand, Promotes Protection from Type 1 Diabetes by Inducing Regulatory Innate Immune Response
Authors: Karumuthil-Melethil Subha , Gudi Radhika , Johnson Benjamin M. , Perez Nicolas , Vasu Chenthamarakshan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
β-Glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides in cereal grains, mushrooms, algae, or microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Immune cells recognize these β-glucans through a cell surface pathogen recognition receptor called Dectin-1. Studies using β-glucans and other Dectin-1 binding components have demonstrated the potential of these agents in activating the immune cells for cancer treatment and controlling infections. In this study, we show that the β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces the expression of immune regulatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1, and IL-2) and a tolerogenic enzyme (IDO) in bone marrow–derived dendritic cells as well as spleen cells. These properties can be exploited to modulate autoimmunity in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Treatment of prediabetic NOD mice with low-dose β-glucan resulted in a profound delay in hyperglycemia, and this protection was associated with increase in the frequencies of Foxp3+, LAP+, and GARP+ T cells. Upon Ag presentation, β-glucan–exposed dendritic cells induced a significant increase in Foxp3+ and LAP+ T cells in in vitro cultures. Furthermore, systemic coadministration of β-glucan plus pancreatic β cell Ag resulted in an enhanced protection of NOD mice from T1D as compared with treatment with β-glucan alone. These observations demonstrate that the innate immune response induced by low-dose β-glucan is regulatory in nature and can be exploited to modulate T cell response to β cell Ag for inducing an effective protection from T1D.
Altered Knee and Ankle Kinematics During Squatting in Those With Limited Weight-Bearing–Lunge Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
Authors: Dill Karli E. , Begalle Rebecca L. , Frank Barnett S. , Zinder Steven M. , Padua Darin A. 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Ankle-dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) may influence movement variables that are known to affect anterior cruciate ligament loading, such as knee valgus and knee flexion. To our knowledge, researchers have not studied individuals with limited or normal ankle DF-ROM to investigate the relationship between those factors and the lower extremity movement patterns associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Objective:
To determine, using 2 different measurement techniques, whether knee- and ankle-joint kinematics differ between participants with limited and normal ankle DF-ROM.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Sports medicine research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Forty physically active adults (20 with limited ankle DF-ROM, 20 with normal ankle DF-ROM).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Ankle DF-ROM was assessed using 2 techniques: (1) nonweight-bearing ankle DF-ROM with the knee straight, and (2) weight-bearing lunge (WBL). Knee flexion, knee valgus-varus, knee internal-external rotation, and ankle DF displacements were assessed during the overhead-squat, single-legged squat, and jump-landing tasks. Separate 1-way analyses of variance were performed to determine whether differences in knee- and ankle-joint kinematics existed between the normal and limited groups for each assessment.

Results:
We observed no differences between the normal and limited groups when classifying groups based on nonweight-bearing passive-ankle DF-ROM. However, individuals with greater ankle DF-ROM during the WBL displayed greater knee-flexion and ankle-DF displacement and peak knee flexion during the overhead-squat and single-legged squat tasks. In addition, those individuals also demonstrated greater knee-varus displacement during the single-legged squat.

Conclusions:
Greater ankle DF-ROM assessed during the WBL was associated with greater knee-flexion and ankle-DF displacement during both squatting tasks as well as greater knee-varus displacement during the single-legged squat. Assessment of ankle DF-ROM using the WBL provided important insight into compensatory movement patterns during squatting, whereas nonweight-bearing passive ankle DF-ROM did not. Improving ankle DF-ROM during the WBL may be an important intervention for altering high-risk movement patterns commonly associated with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury.
A Density Corrádi–Hajnal Theorem
Authors: Allen Peter , Böttcher Julia , Hladký Jan , Piguet Diana 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe find, for all sufficiently largenand eachk, the maximum number of edges in ann-vertex graph that does not containk+ 1 vertex-disjoint triangles.This extends a result of Moon [Canad. J.Math. 20 (1968), 96–102], which is in turn an extension of Mantel's Theorem. Our result can also be viewed as a density version of the Corrádi–Hajnal Theorem.
SEDAÇÃO, EUTANÁSIA E O PROCESSO DE MORRER DO PACIENTE COM CÂNCER EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS: COMPREENDENDO CONCEITOS E INTER-RELAÇÕES
Authors: Girond Juliana Balbinot Reis , Waterkemper Roberta 
Published: August 2014

Este artigo trata-se de um estudo reflexivo que tem como objetivo discutir a prática da sedação em pacientes com câncer que estão sob cuidados paliativos. Apesar de ser uma temática pouco abordada, esta discussão torna-se pertinente devido às angústias que incita em todos os profissionais envolvidos no cuidado deste paciente. Inicia-se o estudo com a definição de alguns conceitos encontrados em literatura científica sobre a sedação, o processo de morte / morrer, cuidados paliativos em Oncologia e eutanásia. A seguir, se faz uma inter-relação entre estes conceitos para sua implementação no contexto de cuidado ao paciente com câncer. Por fim, considera-se que o ato de sedar um paciente com câncer em fase terminal, deve ser avaliado quanto aos benefícios e/ou malefícios, valorizando a percepção da família e, se possível, do próprio paciente sobre esta prática.
IMAGEM CORPORAL E SATISFAÇÃO NO TRABALHO ENTRE ADULTOS EM REABILITAÇÃO DE QUEIMADURAS
Authors: Costa Maria Cristina Silva , Rossi Lídia Aparecida , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Trigueros Larissa Ferreira 
Published: August 2014

Este estudo objetiva identificar e analisar significados atribuídos ao corpo por adultos em reabilitação de queimaduras, focalizando imagem corporal e satisfação no trabalho. Mediante justaposição de abordagens, combina e compara os resultados de duas pesquisas com um grupo de pacientes queimados. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa (etnografia) interpretou sentidos de qualidade de vida; a quantitativa mediu a qualidade de vida (adaptação cultural e aplicação da Burn Specific Health Scale – Revised). Os resultados indicam convergências e divergências entre achados das pesquisas analisadas quanto à valorização estética e funcional do corpo. Na pesquisa qualitativa, as cicatrizes revertem em autoimagem corporal negativa e a incapacidade de trabalho compromete a qualidade de vida; na quantitativa o impacto da queimadura sobre a imagem corporal é minimizado. Conclui-se que a primeira abordagem possibilitouaprofundar o acesso aos significados do corpo nos itens avaliados e que a utilização das duas abordagens em perspectiva complementar enriquece o conhecimento.
SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS EM IDOSOS ASSISTIDOS PELA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Alvarenga Márcia Regina Martins , Oliveira Maria Amélia De Campos , Faccenda Odival , Cerchiari Ednéia Albino Nunes , Amendola Fernanda 
Published: August 2014

Estudo transversal que analisou a associação entre indicadores sociodemográficos, condições e autoavaliação de saúde, estado cognitivo e presença de sintomas depressivos em idosos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família. As informações foram obtidas em entrevistas domiciliares, utilizando o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Foram entrevistados 503 idosos e 34,4% apresentaram sintomas depressivos. O modelo de regressão logística revelou forte associação entre sintomas depressivos e autoavaliação ruim da saúde (OR 12,38; IC95%), sequelas de AVC (OR 9,65; IC95%), inatividade econômica (OR 3,19; IC95%), déficit cognitivo (OR 1,77; IC95%), não-participação em atividades sociais (OR 1,94; IC95%) e renda per capita de até meio salário mínimo (OR 1,86; IC95%). Os achados não permitem estabelecer a influência direta das variáveis na ocorrência da depressão, contudo, os resultados servem de subsídios para direcionar as discussões sobre os determinantes de sintomas depressivos em idosos.
FATORES DE RISCO PARA SÍNDROME HIPERTENSIVA ESPECÍFICA DA GESTAÇÃO ENTRE MULHERES HOSPITALIZADAS COM PRÉ-ECLÂMPSIA
Authors: Moura Escolástica Rejane Ferreira , De Oliveira Clarisse Gracielle Santos , Damasceno Ana Kelve De Castro , Pereira Mayenne Myrcea Quintino 
Published: August 2014

Estudo transversal, de campo, com objetivo de identificar fatores de risco para pré-eclâmpsia em mulhereshospitalizadas com essa patologia. Participaram 40 gestantes internadas em maternidade de referência terciária. Os dadosforam coletados de janeiro a fevereiro de 2006, por meio de entrevista, sendo agrupados em tabelas, empregando-seanálise estatística univariada. Os fatores de risco predominantes no grupo foram primiparidade, gestação nos extremos daidade reprodutiva, obesidade, baixa escolaridade, baixa renda familiar, antecedente pessoal e familiar de hipertensãocrônica, dieta hipercalórica, hipoprotéica e hipersódica. Aos profissionais que assistem ao pré-natal é fundamental manterem-se atualizados para que possam investigar adequadamente tais fatores e identificar gestações potencialmente de risco,tomando os cuidados necessários para se evitar a eclâmpsia e contribuir para a redução da mortalidade materna e perinatal.
PERFIL DOS PACIENTES COM TUBERCULOSE E OS FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO ABANDONO DO TRATAMENTO
Authors: Giroti Suellen Karina de Oliveira , Belei Renata Aparecida , Moreno Fernanda Novaes , Salomão Fernando 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os fatores de risco associados ao abandono pelos pacientes do tratamentopara tuberculose. Analisou-se 147 fichas de notificação de tuberculose do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação, do Município de Londrina, Paraná, em 2006. Verificou-se que 68% eram pacientes do sexo masculino, 35,4% tinham entre 41 e 60 anos, 22,4% estudaram por 4 a 7 anos, e 42,8% moravam em região de baixo nível socioeconômico; destaca-se que, dos 147 pacientes, 68% finalizaram o tratamento e 10,2% o abandonaram. Entre os abandonos, 80% eram do sexo masculino, 46,7% tinham entre 21e 40 anos e 33,3% estudaram de 4 a 7 anos. Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes que abandonam o tratamento para tuberculose é importante para subsidiar medidas de apoio. Urge melhorar a busca ativa daqueles que apresentam riscos para o abandono do tratamento, evitando a disseminação da doença e o aumento da morbimortalidade.
PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO CENTRO DE CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Soares Franciele , Stahlhoefer Taniclaer , Maziero Eliane Cristina Sanches , Meier Marineli Joaquim , Peruzzo Simone Aparecida , Taube Samanta Andrine Marschall 
Published: August 2014

O Projeto de Extensão “Centro de cuidados de Enfermagem: integrando o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão” doDepartamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Paraná permite ao acadêmico/bolsista unir o ensino e a práticaprofissional do enfermeiro. O objetivo deste relato é descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelo Centro de Cuidados entrejunho e dezembro de 2007. As atividades se concentraram em um colégio da rede pública, onde foi instalado um consultóriopara atendimentos de enfermagem. Foram realizadas 313 consultas frente a queixas de cefaleia, tontura, contusão, mal-estar relacionado à hipertensão, cólica menstrual, náusea e pequenos cortes e/ou lesões, o que desencadeou cerca de 500intervenções. Os atendimentos permitiram a prática dos conhecimentos adquiridos em sala de aula, além de oportunizar o trabalho em equipe, parcerias e a pesquisa. A experiência oportunizou aos acadêmicos vivenciar o processo de trabalho doenfermeiro e a aproximação com a comunidade.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS ENFERMEIROS DE HOSPITAL GERAL DIANTE DO PACIENTE ALCOOLISTA
Authors: Oliveira Cely De , Vargas Divane De 
Published: August 2014

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa objetivou analisar as representações sociais dos enfermeiros de hospital geral diante do paciente alcoolista. Os dados foram coletados em março de 2008 entre 20 enfermeiros de três hospitais gerais de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio de registros autogravados e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo norteada pelo referencial teórico-metodológico da representação social. Os resultados apontam que os enfermeiros concebem o paciente alcoolista como uma pessoa doente, portanto, o alcoolismo apresenta-se como uma doença sem, contudo considerar-se outros modelos explicativos para o uso do álcool, representação que se mostra atrelada mais ao senso comum do que ao conhecimento técnico-científico. Isso remete à necessidade de melhor preparo e capacitação dos profissionais em relação ao uso do álcool e alcoolismo, uma vez que a deficiência de conhecimento pode contribuir para a assistência fragmentada e pautada nas questões de ordem moral que permeiam o senso comum.