bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Orbital Volume using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Eye Movement Abnormalities
Authors: Maka Erika , Lukats Olga , Vizkelety Tamas , Markella Zsolt , Kis Maria , Nemeth Janos , Barabas Jozsef 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To measure the orbital volume in adult patients with unilateral eye movement abnormalities originating in childhood. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography was performed in 2 patients with eye movement abnormalities. A 28-year-old woman was treated because of right divergent squint originating at 8 years of age after penetrating corneal trauma. A 38-year-old man was examined because of abnormal head posture caused by left superior oblique underaction originating at 6 years of age. Orbital scans were analyzed with Cranioviewer 3D craniofacial cephalometric program. We measured bony orbital area in 6 slices (in ventro-dorsal direction per 4.8 mm) in every orbit on coronal scans. Results The volume was more in the orbit with unilateral divergent squint and less in the orbit with unilateral superior oblique underaction compared to the contralateral orbital volume measurements. Conclusions Cranioviewer 3D craniofacial cephalometric program is suitable for volumetric analysis of the bony orbit on cone-beam computed tomography files. The development of the orbit can be influenced by extraocular muscle movements.
Preventable Visual Impairment in Children with Nonprofound Intellectual Disability
Authors: Aslan Lokman , Aslankurt Murat , Aksoy Adnan , Altun Hatice 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To assess the preventable visual impairment in children with nonprofound intellectual disability (ID). Methods A total of 215 children with IDs (90 Down syndrome [DS], 125 nonprofound ID) and 116 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent ophthalmologic examinations including cycloplegic refraction measurements, ocular movement evaluation, screening for strabismus (Hirschberg, Krimsky, or prism cover test), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, and intraocular pressure measurements. All data were recorded for statistical analysis. Results Ocular findings in decreasing prevalence were as follows: refractive errors 55 (61.1%), strabismus 30 (33.2%), cataract 7 (7.8%), and nystagmus 7 (7.8%) in children with DS; refractive errors 57 (45.6%), strabismus 19 (15.2%), cataract 7 (6.4%), nystagmus 5 (4%), and glaucoma 1 (0.8%) in children with other ID; and refractive errors 13 (11.2%) and strabismus 4 (3.5%) in controls. Cataracts, glaucoma, and nystagmus were not observed in the control group. The most common ophthalmic findings in children with DS compared with other ID and controls were with hyperopia (p<0.03 and p<0.001, respectively) and esotropia (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions The pediatric population with ID has a high prevalence of preventable visual impairments, refractive errors, strabismus, and cataracts. The prevalence of strabismus and refractive errors was more frequent in children with DS. The importance of further health screenings including ophthalmic examinations should be utilized to implement appropriate care management and improve quality of life.
Comparative Evaluation of 23- and 25-Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery in Management of Diabetic Macular Traction Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kumar Atul , Duraipandi Kavita , Gogia Varun , Sehra Sri Vatsa , Gupta Shikha , Midha Neha 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To compare the efficacy, outcomes, and complications of 23-G and 25-G microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) in cases of diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD). Methods This is a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, comparative study. Fifty eyes of 50 patients with diabetic TRD involving or threatening macula were randomized into 2 groups of 25 each. Group 1 underwent 23-G MIVS and group 2 underwent 25-G MIVS. Patients were followed up at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. The primary outcome measure was anatomic and visual success after surgery. We also compared the 2 alternative MIVS systems and assessed various intraoperative and postoperative parameters. Results Anatomic achievement was achieved in all eyes and both groups showed a significant improvement in vision after surgery (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004, respectively) and were comparable (p = 0.584). Mean surgical time in 25-G surgery was significantly longer than in 23-G surgery by 4.60 minutes (p<0.001). Postoperative mean astigmatism was comparable in the 2 groups and postoperative hypotony was not encountered in either group. No port-related breaks were seen in either group; however, iatrogenic breaks occurred in 4 eyes in the 23-G group and 5 eyes in the 25-G group (p = 1.000). There was significantly less immediate postoperative pain and foreign body sensation in the 25-G group compared with the 23-G group. Conclusions Both 23-G and 25-G MIVS have comparable visual and anatomic results for diabetic TRD; however, 25-G surgery may be associated with less postoperative pain and discomfort than 23-G surgery.
Differences in Gene Expression in Lymphocytes of Patients with High-tension, PEX, and Normal-tension Glaucoma and in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Fraenkl Stephan A. , Golubnitschaja Olga , Yeghiazaryan Kristina , Orgül Selim , Flammer Josef 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Differences in the gene expression of leukocytes between patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and controls have been described. This study was performed in order to detect the differences in gene expression in peripheral lymphocytes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX), and patients with NTG, and in healthy subjects. Methods Ten patients with POAG, 11 patients with PEX, 10 patients with NTG, and 42 sex- and age-matched healthy persons were recruited. All study subjects were Caucasian. Twenty-two preselected genes were chosen and their expression in blood lymphocytes was quantified by real-time PCR. First, a univariate comparison among all groups was performed using the nonparametric Friedman test. Second, an L1 penalized logistic regression was performed. Results Using the Friedman test to compare the 4 groups, 9 genes showed a different expression (p<0.05). Comparing the controls vs patients with POAG, 8 genes were differently expressed (p<0.05). Comparing patients with PEX vs controls, 9 genes were significantly different (p≤0.05). The statistical analysis of patients with NTG vs controls showed a difference in gene expression of 7 genes (p≤0.05). All these genes were upregulated in the glaucoma groups compared with the controls. The genes RhoGDI and RAR showed the most significant statistical difference in the L1-penalized logistic regression. The genes overexpressed in POAG/PEX differed from the ones in NTG. Conclusions In this masked study among the preselected 22 genes, several genes are overexpressed in the blood lymphocytes of Caucasian patients with glaucoma compared with the controls. The genes upregulated in POAG/PEX differed from the ones in NTG.
First 100: Learning Curve for Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Pillar Shani , Tessler Gili , Dreznik Ayelet , Bor Elite , Kaiserman Igor , Bahar Irit 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Endothelial keratoplasty is largely replacing penetrating keratoplasty for the routine treatment of corneal endothelial failure. The aim of the study was to describe the performance, complications, and outcome of the first 100 Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) procedures performed at a major medical center, with an emphasis on the learning curve. Methods A retrospective, comparative case series study was conducted by a single surgeon at a tertiary, university-affiliated medical center. Data were collected on 100 consecutive DSAEK procedures performed between September 2008, when the technique was introduced in the ophthalmology department, and January 2011. Main outcome measures include best-corrected visual acuity, graft dislocation rate, primary failure rate, and endothelial cell loss. Findings were compared between the first (early group) and last (late group) 50 cases. Results Mean (SD) logMAR best-corrected visual acuity at 1 year improved from 1.02 ± 0.36 to 0.38 ± 0.35 in the early group (p<0.05) and from 0.93 ± 0.48 to 0.25 ± 0.21 in the late group (p<0.05) (n = 86). Although the late group included more complex cases (presence of anterior chamber intraocular lens, need for combination cataract surgery or secondary scleral intraocular lens fixation), graft dislocation was more common in the early group (20% versus 10%, p = 0.26). Primary and late graft failures occurred only in the early group (12% vs 0, p = 0.03). Conclusions Rates of primary failure and disc dislocation for DSAEK decrease as surgeons gain experience with the procedure, and the number of functional grafts increases accordingly. Visual outcome improves regardless of surgical experience.
Visual Outcome of Cataract in Pediatric Age Group: Does Etiology have a Role?
Authors: Shah Mehul A. , Shah Shreya M. , Shah Ashit H. , Pandya Jaimini S. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To compare visual outcome results among traumatic and nontraumatic groups of eyes with cataract in the pediatric age group. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. This study comprised a consecutive series of pediatric patients under 5 years of age with unilateral congenital, developing, or traumatic cataract who underwent surgery between January 1999 and April 2012 at Drashti Netralaya, Dahod. Records were retrieved from the medical record department. Patients were grouped as traumatic or nontraumatic and their demographics, cataract type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, and postoperative visual acuity follow-up refractive changes were recorded and compared. Results A total of 128 eyes of 128 children under 5 years of age were included with unilateral cataract. A total of 85 (66.4%) were traumatic and 43 (33.3%) nontraumatic. The age at surgery ranged from 1 to 60 months. Eyes were grouped by etiology: group 1- traumatic 85 (66.4%) eyes that had traumatic cataracts. Group 2 non-traumatic 43 (33.3%) eyes that had congenital, developmental or complicated cataracts. The mean follow-up time was 117 days. Finally, 22 (51.1%) group 1 patients and 40 (47.1%) group 2 patients achieved visual acuity better than 20/200 (p = 0.000). Conclusions Surgical treatment with intraocular lens implantation for children with congenital, developmental, or traumatic cataract is an effective treatment for visual rehabilitation. Visual outcome is significantly better (p = 0.005) in case of nontraumatic cataracts than traumatic cataracts.
Influence of Prostaglandin Analogue on Outcome after Combined Cataract Surgery and Trabecular Aspiration in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma
Authors: Gonnermann Johannes , Klamann Matthias K. J. , Maier Anna-Karina B. , Torun Necip , Ruokonen Peter C. , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: July 2013

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the postoperative outcome and risk profile after combined clear cornea phacoemulsification and trabecular aspiration in the treatment of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEX) associated with cataract. Methods In this retrospective study, 69 eyes of 60 patients with visually significant cataract and PEX were treated with small-incision cataract surgery combined with trabecular aspiration. The intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma eyedrops before and after surgery, as well as complications were measured at all postoperative visits (1 day, 7 days, 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months). Results There was a statistically significant decrease in postoperative IOP during the follow-up period. There was no significant difference in the number of medications being used after 6 weeks follow-up. Six months and 12 months after surgery, the number of antiglaucoma eyedrops decreased significantly. Complications were fibrinotic iritis in 4 eyes (5.9%), cystoid macular edema in 3 eyes (4.4%), and hyphema in 1 eye (1.4%). Fibrinotic iritis and macular edema were present in only 37 of 69 eyes that were treated with prostaglandin analogues. Conclusions Small-incision cataract surgery combined with trabecular aspiration in cases of PEX associated with cataract is effective in IOP reduction over a 1-year follow-up. Prostaglandin analogues may increase the risk of postoperative macular edema and fibrinotic iritis. Preoperative medication exchange may be considered.
Scheimpflug Parameters after Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus
Authors: Toprak Ibrahim , Yildirim Cem 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To assess the effects of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) on Scheimpflug imaging system parameters in patients with progressive keratoconus. Methods Forty-seven eyes of 47 patients who underwent CXL treatment (CXL group) for progressive keratoconus and 26 eyes of 26 nontreated patients with keratoconus (control group) were included in this retrospective controlled study. Changes in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA, logMAR equivalent), maximum K (keratometry), corneal volume (CV), corneal thickness, and anterior chamber parameters including anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were analyzed at 6 months follow-up. Results The mean CDVA improved (p<0.001); maximum K, CV, and pachymetry measurements significantly decreased after CXL treatment in patients with progressive keratoconus (p = 0.001, p<0.001, respectively). However, in the control group, CDVA, maximum K, CV, and pachymetry measurements remained unchanged at 6 months follow-up (p>0.05). The anterior chamber parameters (ACD, ACV, and ACA) did not show significant changes between baseline and 6 months in CXL and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusions In patients with progressive keratoconus, CXL treatment is effective in improving visual acuity and maximum keratometry. Although the treatment might cause corneal thinning and volume loss, anterior chamber parameters seem not to be affected during the postoperative course.
The Influence of Compliance with the Use of Refractive Correction in Hyperopic Children on Accommodation
Authors: Gatzonis Stamatis D. , Follidi Vasiliki P. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To indicate the relationship between constant, correct use of hyperopic spectacles and relaxation of accommodation in children. Methods After thorough ophthalmic examination (cycloplegia included), 52 children 2.5 to 9 years old were detected with hyperopia >3 D, out of all examined within a year. These children were fully or partially corrected, with hyperopic glasses, depending on whether accommodative esotropia was or was not present. Constant and correct use of spectacles was strongly suggested to all children. During follow-up 3 and 6 months later, the amount of manifest hyperopia was measured in each case by an autorefractometer (without the use of cycloplegic factor). Results Out of the 52 children, 37 who participated in our study fully complied with hyperopic spectacle treatment, wearing their glasses constantly and correctly. The 15 others wore their glasses partially or not at all or made incorrect use of them. During follow-up 3 and 6 months later, refractive measurements of manifest hyperopia in the first group of children were identical or similar to the refractive power of their glasses. On the contrary, in the second group of children, strong accommodation did not allow the expression of hyperopia, and in a few cases myopic refractive measurements appeared (similar to those on the first examination, before spectacle treatment was prescribed). Conclusions Constant and correct use of hyperopic spectacles leads to relaxation of accommodation in children and is thus an accurate indicator of compliance.
Visual Performance after Bilateral Implantation of a new Diffractive Aspheric Multifocal Intraocular Lens with a 3.5 D Addition
Authors: Dexl Alois K. , Zaluski Serge , Rasp Max , Grabner Günther 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To evaluate visual performance after implantation of a new diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) with a +3.50 D addition power. Methods A total of 24 cataract patients were bilaterally implanted with the Diffractiva-aA MIOL in 2 ophthalmologic centers and followed for 6 months. Postoperative evaluations included visual acuities (VA) at various distances, defocus testing, contrast sensitivity (CS) measurements, and patient satisfaction questionnaire. Results Six months postoperatively, binocular uncorrected VA (mean ± SD; logMAR) was 0.00 ± 0.05 (≍20/20) for distance, 0.06 ± 0.13 (≍20/23) for intermediate (1 m), and 0.00 ± 0.05 (≍20/20) for near (40 cm). All patients achieved uncorrected VA of 20/25 or better for distance and near, and 20/40 or better at 1 m. Monocular and binocular defocus curves showed 2 peaks of maximum VA at the distance focus (0.0 D) and the near focus (-2.5 D) and a good range of intermediate vision with the lowest mean acuity being at -1.5 D defocus. Photopic and mesopic CS were within the standard normal range. The majority of patients (n = 22; 91.7%) were spectacle independent; 8.3% (n = 2) reported wearing glasses occasionally for very small print (1 patient) or for watching television (1 patient). Overall, all patients were “very satisfied” (n = 22; 91.7%) or “satisfied” (n = 2; 8.3%) with the procedure. Conclusions The new Diffractiva-aA MIOL provided a full range of vision from near to far generating highly satisfied, spectacle independent patients with only minimal visual disturbances at night.
Macular Pseudohole Development after Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Di Antonio Luca , Toto Lisa , Carpineto Paolo , Mastropasqua Alessandra , De Nicola Chiara , Mastropasqua Leonardo 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To report a case of macular pseudohole (MPH) development after sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant for chronic macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods A 70-year-old man with cystoid macular edema (CME) due to CRVO underwent sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant. En face optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before and after treatment. Results One month after dexamethasone intravitreal implant, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 1.0 to 0.5 logMAR. At 2 months, BCVA decreased from 0.5 to 1.3 logMAR. En face OCT detected the development of MPH due to exacerbation of centripetal vitreomacular transverse tractional forces on the overlying retina. Conclusions Macular pseudohole seems to be a complication of intravitreal therapy in patients with coexisting vitreomacular traction. En face OCT gives useful information to understand the mechanism of MPH development after sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant.
Concordance and Interchangeability of Biometric Measurements of Ocular Axial Length in Patients Awaiting Cataract Surgery
Authors: Martín-Serrano María José , Roman-Ortiz Carmen , Villa-Sáez M Luz , Labrador-Castellanos M Purificación , Blanco-Carrasco Rosario , Lozano-Ballesteros Felicidad , Pedraza-Martín Carmen , José-Herrero M Teresa San , López-Ropero Ana M , Tenías José María 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To estimate in patients awaiting cataract surgery the concordance and interchangeability of axial eye length measurements performed with the aid of various biometric methods (optical or ultrasonic) by different operators (nurses) at different times during the period prior to surgery. Methods We selected 182 consecutive eyes from 91 patients. Ocular axial length was measured with the aid of 2 methods (IOLMaster® and Ocuscan®) by 9 randomly allocated technicians at 2 different times during the waiting period. The concordance between measurements was evaluated by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); the interchangeability of the results was assessed with Bland Altman plots and Passing and Bablok regression. Results The measurements were consistent between biometric methods (ICC 0.975, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.968 to 0.980) and measurement dates (ICC 0.996, 95% CI 0.995 to 0.997). Interobserver agreement was more heterogeneous (ICC range 0.844 to 0.998). No systematic errors were observed among the various biometric methods and measurement dates. Conclusions Because measurement of axial length in phakic patients may be technician-dependent, the technician's experience should be noted in the protocols of ophthalmology services.
Oral Propranolol Therapy for Management of Exudative Retinal Detachment from Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma in Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Thapa Raba , Shields Carol L. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH), a feature of Sturge-Weber syndrome, is most often treated with whole-eye radiotherapy at stage of complications such as retinal detachment. Methods This is a case report of a 17-year-old boy with DCH and exudative retinal detachment. Results The patient was treated with propranolol at 60 mg twice a day for 2 months followed by gradual dose taper to 10 mg twice a day per month and discontinued at 7 months. The retinal detachment slowly resolved over 1 month and the retina remained attached at 10 months follow-up. There were no medication side effects. Conclusions We suggest that oral propranolol be considered in the armamentarium for selected DCH.
Choroidal Thickness after Treatment for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Farinha Cláudia L. , Baltar Alda S. , Nunes Sandrina G. , Franqueira Nuno F. , Figueira João P. , Pires Isabel A. , Cachulo Maria L. , Silva Rufino M. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To evaluate choroidal thickness in highly myopic eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 3 or more years after treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT), intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), or both (PDT + IVR). Methods The medical records of patients with high myopia and CNV treated with PDT or IVR in our department were reviewed. Eyes meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to 3 groups: PDT, IVR, and PDT + IVR. A fourth group, “dry myopic maculopathy,” included the contralateral highly myopic eyes that never developed CNV. All patients performed a cross-sectional evaluation with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measurement of axial length, color fundus photography, and enhanced depth imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results Forty-two eyes (21 patients) were included: 11 eyes (26.2%) in the PDT group, 8 (19.0%) in the IVR group, 9 (21.4%) in the PDT + IVR group, and 14 (33.3%) in the dry maculopathy group. Subfoveal choroidal thickness showed no significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Positive correlation was found between BCVA and macular choroidal thickness (r = +0.293, p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that age (p<0.001), axial length (p<0.001), sex (p = 0.001), and myopic lesions such as tessellated fundus (p = 0.046) and patchy atrophy (p = 0.008) were predictive of choroidal thickness. Type of treatment was not predictive of choroidal thickness. Conclusions Older age and greater axial length are the major factors associated with macular choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes submitted to CNV treatment. The type of treatment performed for myopic CNV had no predictive contribution for choroidal thickness.