bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant opsoclonus ataxia and limbic encephalitis as a result of dual anti‐Ri and anti‐Yo antibodies in uterine carcinosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Kim Jennifer A. , Pinto Andre , Nucci Marisa R. , Lyons Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundParaneoplastic syndromes have become increasingly recognized as causing a number of neurological symptoms that can herald the presence of malignancy. A number of these antibodies have been identified. Few cases report paraneoplastic syndromes resulting from the presence of multiple antibodies in a single tumor source.Case presentationHere, we describe a case of simultaneous opsoclonus ataxia and limbic encephalitis from two concurrent paraneoplastic antibodies, anti‐Ri and anti‐Yo, in the presence of diagnosed uterine carcinosarcoma. Anti‐Ri (anti‐neuronal nuclear antibody type 2 or ANNA‐2) and anti‐Yo (anti‐Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1) antibodies are known to be associated with opsoclonus myoclonus and cerebellar degeneration syndromes, respectively. Anti‐Ri has also been associated with limbic encephalitis.ConclusionsThis is a unique description of both anti‐Ri and anti‐Yo paraneoplastic antibodies with correlating syndromes in uterine carcinosarcoma. Although paraneoplastic syndromes are widely recognized and described, they are rare; but, as evidenced by this case, it is possible to have multiple concomitant syndromes and antibodies.
Na+–Ca2+ Exchanger, Leak K+ Channel and Hyperpolarization‐Activated Cyclic Nucleotide‐Gated Channel Comediate the Histamine‐Induced Excitation on Rat Inferior Vestibular Nucleus Neurons
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Yang , Cao Shu‐Liang , Peng Shi‐Yu , Ji Deng‐Yu , Zhu Jing‐Ning , Wang Jian‐Jun 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAimsAntihistaminergic drugs have traditionally been used to treat vestibular disorders in the clinic. As a potential central target for antihistaminergic drugs, the inferior vestibular nucleus (IVN) is the largest subnucleus of the central vestibular nuclear complex and is considered responsible for vestibular‐autonomic responses and integration of vestibular, cerebellar, and multisensory signals. However, the role of histamine on the IVN, particularly the underlying mechanisms, is still not clear.MethodsUsing whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings on rat brain slices, histamine‐induced effect on IVN neurons and the underlying receptor and ionic mechanisms were investigated.ResultsWe found that histamine remarkably depolarized both spontaneous firing neurons and silent neurons in IVN via both histamine H1 and histamine H2 receptors. Furthermore, Na+–Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) and background leak K+ channels linked to H1 receptors and hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels coupled to H2 receptors comediate the histamine‐induced depolarization on IVN neurons.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the multiple ionic mechanisms underlying the excitatory modulation of histamine/central histaminergic system on IVN neurons and the related vestibular reflexes and functions. The findings also suggest potential targets for the treatment of vestibular disorders in the clinic, at the level of ionic channels in central vestibular nuclei.
Different Patterns of Spontaneous Brain Activity between Tremor‐Dominant and Postural Instability/Gait Difficulty Subtypes of Parkinson's Disease: A Resting‐State fMRI Study
Authors: Chen Hui‐Min , Wang Zhi‐Jiang , Fang Jin‐Ping , Gao Li‐Yan , Ma Ling‐Yan , Wu Tao , Hou Ya‐Nan , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Feng Tao 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAimsPostural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) and tremor‐dominant (TD) subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) show different clinical manifestations; however, their underlying neural substrates remain incompletely understood. This study aimed at investigating the subtype‐specific patterns of spontaneous brain activity in PD.MethodsThirty‐one patients with PD (12 TD/19 PIGD) and 22 healthy gender‐ and age‐matched controls were recruited. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected, and amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was measured. Voxelwise one‐way analysis of covariance and post hoc analyses of ALFF were performed among the three groups, with age and gender as covariates (levodopa daily dosage and gray matter volume as additional covariates for validation analysis). Correlations of clinical variables (e.g., disease duration and PIGD/tremor subscale score) with ALFF values were examined.ResultsCompared with controls, patients with TD exhibited higher ALFF in the right cerebellar posterior lobe and patients with PIGD exhibited lower ALFF in the bilateral putamen and cerebellar posterior lobe, and higher values primarily in several cortical areas including the inferior and superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal, and parietal gyrus. Compared with patients with PIGD, patients with TD had higher ALFF in the bilateral putamen and the cerebellar posterior lobe, as well as lower ALFF in the bilateral temporal gyrus and the left superior parietal lobule. In all patients, ALFF in the bilateral cerebellar posterior lobe positively correlated with tremor score and ALFF in the bilateral putamen negatively correlated with PIGD score.ConclusionDifferent patterns of spontaneous neural activity in the cerebellum and putamen may underlie the neural substrate of PD motor subtypes.
A typology of time‐scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems
Authors: Wilson Robyn S. , Hardisty David J. , Epanchin‐Niell Rebecca S. , Runge Michael C. , Cottingham Kathryn L. , Urban Dean L. , Maguire Lynn A. , Hastings Alan , Mumby Peter J. , Peters Debra P.C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEcological systems often operate on time scales significantly longer or shorter than the time scales typical of human decision making, which causes substantial difficulty for conservation and management in socioecological systems. For example, invasive species may move faster than humans can diagnose problems and initiate solutions, and climate systems may exhibit long‐term inertia and short‐term fluctuations that obscure learning about the efficacy of management efforts in many ecological systems. We adopted a management‐decision framework that distinguishes decision makers within public institutions from individual actors within the social system, calls attention to the ways socioecological systems respond to decision makers’ actions, and notes institutional learning that accrues from observing these responses. We used this framework, along with insights from bedeviling conservation problems, to create a typology that identifies problematic time‐scale mismatches occurring between individual decision makers in public institutions and between individual actors in the social or ecological system. We also considered solutions that involve modifying human perception and behavior at the individual level as a means of resolving these problematic mismatches. The potential solutions are derived from the behavioral economics and psychology literature on temporal challenges in decision making, such as the human tendency to discount future outcomes at irrationally high rates. These solutions range from framing environmental decisions to enhance the salience of long‐term consequences, to using structured decision processes that make time scales of actions and consequences more explicit, to structural solutions aimed at altering the consequences of short‐sighted behavior to make it less appealing. Additional application of these tools and long‐term evaluation measures that assess not just behavioral changes but also associated changes in ecological systems are needed.
Push or Pull? Design of Content Delivery Systems
Authors: Guo Hong , Marston Sean , Chen Yuwen 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAdvances in information technology, especially the expansion of cellular and WiFi networks, are dramatically changing how people consume digital content. These changes in user access behavior present a challenge of delivering content to a diversified consumer base. This article addresses this challenge by identifying the key factors for the design of content delivery systems (gross value of content, delivery delay, sensitivity to delivery delay, accessing cost, and processing cost) and explicitly modeling their interactions. We investigate two content delivery systems—push and pull systems, and solve for the content provider's optimal push frequency decision and consumers’ push versus pull decisions. We show that the content provider's selection of push frequency plays a critical role determining the segmentation of the consumer market into the push group and the pull group. Our findings suggest that firms should set a relatively high push frequency to cater to high‐type consumers, which leads to two consumer groups with low‐type consumers belonging to the pull group and high‐type consumers belonging to the push group.
Smartphones and dental trauma: the current availability of apps for managing traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Djemal Serpil , Singh Parmjit 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground/AimThere is a general consensus regarding the lack of awareness regarding the emergency management of traumatic dental injuries amongst laypersons and dental professionals. This article aims to provide an overview of the apps available for traumatic dental injuries using smartphones. These apps may serve as a gateway for raising awareness of traumatic dental injuries.Materials and methodThree smartphone devices were used to access their respective app stores (Nokia Lumia 635 with Windows Phone OS 8.1; iPhone 5 with iOS 8.1; Samsung Galaxy Ace II with Android OS v2.3.6 Gingerbread). Nine phrases were searched: broken tooth/teeth; chipped tooth/teeth; dental emergency; dental injury; dental trauma; fractured tooth/teeth; knocked‐out tooth/teeth; tooth/teeth injury; and tooth/teeth trauma.ResultsSeven apps for the Android and one app for the Apple operating system were relevant. The only Apple iOS app retrieved (Dental Trauma) was also found for the Android OS (Dental Trauma First Aid) and had the endorsement of the International Association of Dental Traumatology. AcciDent was the only app dedicated to traumatic dental injuries targeted solely towards dental professionals. Five other apps (Chipped Tooth Solution, Dental Crown Repair, Fixing Cracked Tooth, Repairing the Front Tooth and Solution to Broken Tooth) appeared to come from the same source (KBES). No traumatic dental injury apps were found for the Windows Phone OS.ConclusionThere are apps available for both patients and dentists that range in quality and on the whole lack real‐life photographs. Future apps should continue to provide good quality, evidence‐based and validated material.
Psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior in neurotypical young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Baldin Elisa , Hesdorffer Dale C. , Caplan Rochelle , Berg Anne T. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectivesWe examined the associations of lifetime and current histories of psychiatric disorders and of suicidal thoughts and behaviors with childhood‐onset epilepsies in a community‐based cohort of young adults.MethodsCases were neurotypical (normal neurologic, cognitive, and imaging examinations and no evidence of a brain insult responsible for the epilepsy) young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy followed since the onset of their epilepsy approximately 15 years earlier and recruited as part of a community‐based study. They were compared to two different control groups: siblings and external controls from the National Comorbidity Survey‐Replication (NCS‐R). The Diagnostic Interview Survey assessed lifetime and current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐IV‐TR) diagnoses of mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Survey for Children‐IV and the Diagnostic Interview Survey (DIS‐IV).ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐seven cases and 134 sibling controls participated in the DIS‐IV portion of the young adult assessment. Comparing cases both to their sibling controls and to the controls drawn from the NCS‐R, we did not find any evidence to suggest a higher prevalence of lifetime and current mood or anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempt in young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsies.SignificanceOur findings from a community‐based sample of neurotypical young adults do not suggest a substantial or lasting association between childhood epilepsy and psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior.
Cervical Muscle Strength and Muscle Coactivation During Isometric Contractions in Patients With Migraine: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Florencio Lidiane Lima , de Oliveira Anamaria Siriani , Carvalho Gabriela Ferreira , Tolentino Gabriella de Almeida , Dach Fabiola , Bigal Marcelo Eduardo , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Bevilaqua Grossi Débora 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study investigated potential differences in cervical musculature in groups of migraine headaches vs. non‐headache controls. Differences in cervical muscle strength and antagonist coactivation during maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) were analyzed between individuals with migraine and non‐headache subjects and relationships between force with migraine and neck pain clinical aspects.MethodA customized hand‐held dynamometer was used to assess cervical flexion, extension, and bilateral lateral flexion strength in subjects with episodic migraine (n=31), chronic migraine (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 31). Surface electromyography (EMG) from sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene, and splenius capitis muscles were recorded during MIVC to evaluate antagonist coactivation. Comparison of main outcomes among groups was conducted with one‐way analysis of covariance with the presence of neck pain as covariable. Correlations between peak force and clinical variables were demonstrated by Spearman's coefficient.ResultsChronic migraine subjects exhibited lower cervical extension force (mean diff. from controls: 4.4 N/kg; mean diff from episodic migraine: 3.7 N/kg; P = .006) and spent significantly more time to generate peak force during cervical flexion (mean diff. from controls: 0.5 seconds; P = .025) and left lateral‐flexion (mean diff. from controls: 0.4 seconds; mean diff. from episodic migraine: 0.5 seconds; P = .007). Both migraine groups showed significantly higher antagonist muscle coactivity of the splenius capitis muscle (mean diff. from controls: 20%MIVC, P = .03) during cervical flexion relative to healthy controls. Cervical extension peak force was moderately associated with the migraine frequency (rs: −0.30, P = .034), neck pain frequency (rs:−0.26, P = .020), and neck pain intensity (rs:−0.27, P = .012).ConclusionPatients with chronic migraine exhibit altered muscle performance, took longer to reach peak of force during some cervical movements, and had higher coactivation of the splenius capitis during maximal isometric cervical flexion contraction. Finally, patients with migraine reported the presence of neck and head pain complaints during maximal isometric voluntary cervical contractions.
Subspecialisation in cardiology care and outcome: should clinical services be redesigned, again?
Authors: Pathik B. , De Pasquale C. G. , McGavigan A. D. , Sinhal A. , Vaile J. , Tideman P. A. , Jones D. , Bridgman C. , Selvanayagam J. B. , Heddle W. , Chew D. P. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundInpatient management of cardiac patients by cardiologists results in reduced mortality and hospitalisation. With increasing subspecialisation of the field because of growing management complexity and use of technological innovations, the impact of sub‐specialisation on patient outcomes is unclear.AimTo investigate whether management by subspecialty cardiologists impacts the outcomes of patients with subspecialty‐specific diseases.MethodsAll patients admitted to a tertiary centre over nine years with a diagnosis of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or primary arrhythmia were reviewed. The outcomes of these patients managed by cardiologists subspecialised in their admission diagnosis (heart failure specialists, interventionalists and electrophysiologists) were compared with those treated by general cardiologists.ResultsHeart failure was diagnosed in 1704 patients, ACS in 7763 and arrhythmia in 4398. There was no difference in length of stay (LOS) (P = 0.26), mortality (P = 0.57) or cardiovascular readmissions (P = 0.50) in heart failure patients treated by general cardiologists compared with subspecialists. In ACS patients, subspecialty management was associated with reduced LOS, cardiovascular readmissions and mortality (all P < 0.05). This reduction in mortality was seen mainly in lower risk patients (P < 0.05). There was a reduction in LOS and cardiovascular readmissions in arrhythmia patients receiving subspecialty management (both P < 0.05) but no difference in mortality (P = 0.14). ACS patients managed by interventionalists were more likely to undergo coronary intervention (P < 0.05). Electrophysiologists more frequently referred patients for catheter ablation and pacemaker implantation than general cardiologists (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe benefits of subspecialty care seem attributable to the appropriate selection of patients who would benefit from technological innovations in care. These results suggest that the development of healthcare systems which align cardiovascular disease with the subspecialist may be more effective.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome in Indigenous Australian women
Authors: Boyle J. A. , Cunningham J. , Norman R. J. , Dunbar T. , O'Dea K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects around 15% of Indigenous women who are also a group at high risk of cardiometabolic disease.AimTo explore the impact of PCOS on metabolic syndrome in Indigenous women.MethodsA cross‐sectional reproductive health questionnaire, biochemical and anthropometric assessments, of 109 Indigenous women (35 with PCOS and 74 without PCOS) aged 15–44 years in and around Darwin between 2003 and 2005. PCOS was defined using the National Institutes of Health criteria, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Programme III criteria. The outcome was prevalence of MetS by PCOS status; relationship of PCOS with MetS before and after adjustment for markers of obesity and insulin resistance.ResultsWomen with PCOS had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0001) and MetS was more frequent in women with PCOS (51%) than those without PCOS (23%) (P = 0.003). The most frequent components of MetS in both groups were a high density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤1.29 mmol/L (80% PCOS, 55% non‐PCOS) and a waist circumference >88 cm (77% PCOS, 41% non‐PCOS); these were significantly more frequent in women with PCOS (P = 0.01). In logistic regression models, PCOS was significantly associated with MetS by itself but not after adjustment for BMI or sex hormone binding globulin.ConclusionsWhile MetS was more common in Indigenous women with PCOS, PCOS was not an independent predictor of MetS. This may be because obesity and insulin resistance are integral parts of PCOS and are the mechanisms through which PCOS exerts metabolic effects.
Application of simplified Complexity Theory concepts for healthcare social systems to explain the implementation of evidence into practice
Authors: Chandler Jacqueline , Rycroft‐Malone Jo , Hawkes Claire , Noyes Jane 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo examine the application of core concepts from Complexity Theory to explain the findings from a process evaluation undertaken in a trial evaluating implementation strategies for recommendations about reducing surgical fasting times.BackgroundThe proliferation of evidence‐based guidance requires a greater focus on its implementation. Theory is required to explain the complex processes across the multiple healthcare organizational levels. This social healthcare context involves the interaction between professionals, patients and the organizational systems in care delivery. Complexity Theory may provide an explanatory framework to explain the complexities inherent in implementation in social healthcare contexts.DesignA secondary thematic analysis of qualitative process evaluation data informed by Complexity Theory.MethodSeminal texts applying Complexity Theory to the social context were annotated, key concepts extracted and core Complexity Theory concepts identified. These core concepts were applied as a theoretical lens to provide an explanation of themes from a process evaluation of a trial evaluating the implementation of strategies to reduce surgical fasting times. Sampled substantive texts provided a representative spread of theoretical development and application of Complexity Theory from late 1990's–2013 in social science, healthcare, management and philosophy.FindingsFive Complexity Theory core concepts extracted were ‘self‐organization’, ‘interaction’, ‘emergence’, ‘system history’ and ‘temporality’. Application of these concepts suggests routine surgical fasting practice is habituated in the social healthcare system and therefore it cannot easily be reversed. A reduction to fasting times requires an incentivised new approach to emerge in the surgical system's priority of completing the operating list.ConclusionThe application of Complexity Theory provides a useful explanation for resistance to change fasting practice. Its utility in implementation research warrants further attention and evaluation.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for cutaneous infections and infestations
Authors: Cinotti E. , Perrot J.L. , Labeille B. , Cambazard F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a high‐resolution emerging imaging technique that allows non‐invasive diagnosis of several cutaneous disorders. A systematic review of the literature on the use of RCM for the study of infections and infestations has been performed to evaluate the current use of this technique and its possible future applications in this field. RCM is particularly suitable for the identification of Sarcoptes scabies, Demodex folliculorum, Ixodes, Dermatophytes and Candida species in the clinical practice and for the follow‐up after treatment. The cytopathic effect of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus and molluscipoxvirus is also detectable by this imaging technique even in a pre‐vesicular stage. In addition, thanks to its non‐invasiveness, RCM allows pathophysiological studies.
SMS‐CQ: A Quality and Safety Traceability System for Aquatic Products in Cold‐Chain Integrated WSN and QR Code
Authors: Xiao Xinqing , Fu Zetian , Zhang Yongjun , Peng Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaoshuan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs one of the widely consumed foods, aquatic products are prone to spoilage and deteriorate in the cold chain. It is very important and necessary to trace and track the aquatic products' quality and safety in the cold chain. This paper aims to develop a quality and safety traceability system integrated with wireless sensor network (WSN) and quick response (QR) code (SMS‐CQ) for aquatic products. This paper analyzed temperature fluctuations of aquatic products in cold‐chain logistics that is implemented and evaluated in an actual cold chain. The results show that compared with the traditional system, SMS‐CQ is an effective quality management tool that leads to real‐time monitoring and tracing of the aquatic products in the cold chain: WSN technology enables SMS‐CQ to automatically realize the real‐time temperature acquisition, wireless remote transmission and monitoring; QR code provides valid means for the QR code generation, error correction and static and sensed dynamic information inquiry.Practical ApplicationsThe proposed method could be extended by future researchers or practitioners for future work in many wide areas in cold‐chain monitoring and traceability applications.