bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive mathematical analysis of spectral electrocardiographic components for coronary lesions of intermediate to obstructive stenosis severity–relationship with classic and functional SYNTAX score
Authors: Takeshita Masahiro , Shinoda Norihiro , Takashima Hiroaki , Kurita Akiyoshi , Ando Hirohiko , Harada Ken , Uetani Tadayuki , Gosho Masahiko , Murohara Toyoaki , Amano Tetsuya 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the multifunction cardiogram (MCG), and SYNTAX score (SS) and functional SYNTAX score (FSS) in detecting the presence of intermediate to obstructive coronary lesions.BackgroundPerforming coronary angiography (CAG) and measuring fractional flow reserve (FFR) to calculate the SS and FSS is inherently invasive and adds complexity.MethodsThe MCG was obtained and analyzed before performing CAG in 87 consecutive subjects with suspected coronary artery disease who were scheduled for elective CAG. The patients were divided into three groups according to risk based on high, borderline, and low MCG scores. The SS was determined, as well as FSS but only by counting lesions prone to functional ischemia (FFR ≤ 0.8). The relationship between the MCG and the SS and FSS was evaluated.ResultsThe MCG was the only test significantly associated with the SS (odds ratio, 2.92 [1.60 – 5.31], P < 0.001) and FSS (odds ratio, 3.66 [1.95 – 6.87], P < 0.001). A high MCG score had a specificity of 92.6% (89.0–96.2%) and 92.3% (89.0–95.6%), and a predictive accuracy of 72.4% (67.6–77.2%) and 82.8% (78.7–86.8%) for the prediction of SS and FSS, respectively.ConclusionsThe MCG showed high specificity and predictive accuracy especially for the FSS, suggesting that it is useful not only in identifying functionally significant ischemia but also in reducing unnecessary CAGs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Big anal skin tags? What is this?
Authors: Guttadauro Angelo , Frassani Silvia , Maternini Matteo , Gabrielli Francesco 
Published: March 2015

Key Clinical MessageA hard and bleeding anal and perianal mass stenotized the anus and required left‐sided colostomy. Incisional biopsy showed a moderately differentiated spiniocellular carcinoma. Chemoradiotherapy treatment alone reduced significantly the mass.
HIV drug resistance mutations following poor adherence in HIV‐infected patient: a case report
Authors: Masikini Peter , Mpondo Bonaventura C. T. 
Published: March 2015

Key Clinical MessageAcquired HIV drug resistance following poor adherence is common. We report a case of HIV‐infected patient with poor CD4 gain and self reported poor adherence. Investigations revealed high viral load and resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs with sensitivity to boosted PIs. HIVDR mutations create treatment challenges in resource limited settings.
2q31.1 microdeletion syndrome: case report and literature review
Authors: Puvabanditsin Surasak , February Melissa , Shaik Tazeem , Kashyap Arun , Bruno Chantal , Mehta Rajeev 
Published: March 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe describe a preterm neonate with bilateral coloboma of the iris, upper and lower limb malformations including rocker bottom feet, camptodactyly, and clinodactyly together with microcephaly and small for gestational age whom cytogenetic diagnosis using SNP microarray detected an interstitial deletion of chromosome 2 between 2q31.1 and 33.1.
Deferasirox in a refractory anemia after other treatment options: case report and literature review
Authors: Manduzio Palma 
Published: March 2015

Key Clinical MessageDeferasirox, represents an effective iron chelator drug in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Reduction in oxidative stress is responsible of the hematologic improvement but further explanation may impact on its benefit. Biological and clinical studies are necessary to better define mechanisms of action, assess toxicities, and predicting factors of response.
Managing cesarean section in a patient with rotated uterus due to a large myoma
Authors: Matsuzaki Shinya , Kakigano Aiko , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: March 2015

Key Clinical MessageIn pregnancies complicated by large myomas, obstetricians may face difficulties during cesarean section if they fail to notice the rotation of the uterus and could make an incorrect uterine incision. This error might cause massive intraoperative hemorrhage. Obstetricians must exercise extreme caution during cesarean sections complicated by large myomas.
Surface‐Tuned Electron Transfer and Electrocatalysis of Hexameric Tyrosine‐Coordinated Heme Protein
Authors: Peng Lei , Utesch Tillmann , Yarman Aysu , Jeoung Jae‐Hun , Steinborn Silke , Dobbek Holger , Mroginski Maria Andrea , Tanne Johannes , Wollenberger Ulla , Scheller Frieder W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMolecular modeling, electrochemical methods, and quartz crystal microbalance were used to characterize immobilized hexameric tyrosine‐coordinated heme protein (HTHP) on bare carbon or on gold electrodes modified with positively and negatively charged self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), respectively. HTHP binds to the positively charged surface but no direct electron transfer (DET) is found due to the long distance of the active sites from the electrode surfaces. At carboxyl‐terminated surfaces, the neutrally charged bottom of HTHP can bind to the SAM. For this “disc” orientation all six hemes are close to the electrode and their direct electron transfer should be efficient. HTHP on all negatively charged SAMs showed a quasi‐reversible redox behavior with rate constant ks values between 0.93 and 2.86 s−1 and apparent formal potentials ${E{{0{^{\prime }}\hfill \atop {\rm app}\hfill}}}$ between ‐131.1 and ‐249.1 mV. On the MUA/MU‐modified electrode, the maximum surface concentration corresponds to a complete monolayer of the hexameric HTHP in the disc orientation. HTHP electrostatically immobilized on negatively charged SAMs shows electrocatalysis of peroxide reduction and enzymatic oxidation of NADH.
Triggering the Directional Selectivity of a Ring‐Closure Reaction Leads to Pyridoazacarbazoles with Anticancer Properties
Authors: Steinhauer Tamara N. , Längle Daniel S. , Meier Christopher , Girreser Ulrich , Stenzel Lars , Heber Dieter , Clement Bernd 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe herein describe a facile and versatile synthetic route to the tetracyclic system of 6‐substituted 5,6‐dihydro‐11H‐pyrido[3,2‐i]‐1‐azacarbazoles with promising anticancer properties. These derivatives are built up by an elegant one‐step base‐catalyzed synthetic procedure from commercially available building blocks. One additional step provides the corresponding skeleton hitherto unknown in the literature. The possibility to synthesize a large library of compounds with various substitution patterns utilizing this method underlines the importance of this synthetic procedure.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Cucurbit[6]uil and Ionic Liquid in Non‐aqueous System
Authors: Sun Xuzhuo , Li Bo , Zhang Haibo , Zhou Xiaohai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA novel [2]pseudorotaxane of cucurbit[6]uril(CB[6]) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium bromide ([C4mim]Br) was synthesized by directly mixing the host and the guest molecules in non‐aqueous system. Structural characterizations of the [2]pseudorotaxane were carried out by 1D, 2D NMR and X‐ray crystallography techniques both in solution and in crystal structure. The crystal structure demonstrated that CB[6] and [C4mim]Br formed a complex with the ratio 1:1, in which one guest [C4mim]Br was included inside the CB[6], while two other [C4mim]Br molecules were free and surrounded the [2]pseudorotaxane as solvent molecules, which could stabilize the crystal structure through hydrogen bonds. Moreover, parallel solvent channels consisting by free [C4mim]Br molecules occupied the pores among the frame of the pseudorotaxanes and formed zigzag lines in the crystal structure. [C4mim]Br can serve as not only the guest reactant but also the solvent in the formation of [2]pseudorotaxane formation.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of New Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Tyrosinase Activator Based on the Click Chemistry
Authors: Niu Chao , Li Gen , Tuerxuntayi Adila , Aisa Haji A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA new series of (E)‐1‐(4‐((1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)‐3‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one 1a(4‐((1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl) methoxy)phenyl)‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one 1b–15b were designed, synthesized based on click chemistry, and biologically evaluated for their activity on tyrosinase. The result showed that most of prepared compounds 1a–15a have potent activating effect on tyrosinase, especially for 3a, 8a–10a and 14a–15a. Among them, compounds 10a and 14a demonstrated the best activity with EC50=1.71 and 5.60 µmol·L−1 respectively, even better than the positive control 8‐MOP (EC50=14.8 µmol·L−1). Conversely, compounds 3b, 5b–6b, 9b–10b, and 15b induced enzymatic inhibition on tyrosinase.
An Overview of Self‐Assembly and Morphological Regulation of Amphiphilic DNA Organic Hybrids
Authors: Wu Fen , Zhang Yiyang , Yang Zhongqiang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this review, we summarized the assembly behavior of DNA organic hybrids and listed reported strategies of tuning the morphology of assemblies. The self‐assembly and morphological regulation of DNA organic hybrids provide an effective way to construct functional nanostructures with potential applications in nanomaterials, drug delivery and tissue engineering. The future directions are discussed.
Siloles and Acetenyl Aromatics Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties
Authors: He Zhenhua , Lai Guoqiao , Li Zhifang , Yuan Xiao , Shen Yongjia , Wang Chengyun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo copolymers, poly(1,1‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenylsilole‐alt‐N‐hexyl‐3,6‐diethynylcarbazole) (PS‐DyCz) and poly(1,1‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenylsilole‐alt‐2,7‐diethynyl‐9,9′‐dihexylfluorene) (PS‐DyF), were synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reaction of 2,5‐dibromo‐1,1‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenylsilole and N‐hexyl‐3,6‐diethynylcarbazole or 2,7‐diethynyl‐9,9′‐dihexylfluorene, respectively. The chemical structures of the copolymers were characterized by NMR, FT‐IR techniques. Their thermal and photophysical properties were evaluated by TGA, DSC, UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The weight‐averaged molecular weights (Mw) of PS‐DyCz and PS‐DyF are 1.20×104 and 3.83×104 Da, respectively. The degree of polymerization is 8 and 22 units. These π‐conjugated polymers exhibited lower band‐gap of 2.25 and 2.70 eV due to the presence of silole rings and CC triple bonds in their backbone, the results were consistent with the density functional (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level.
Effect of Different Ionic Liquids on 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Preparation from Glucose in DMA over AlCl3: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Wentao , Wang Ningning , Wang Haijun , Li Wei , Song Zhanxin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this work, effect of different ionic liquids (ILs) on 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) preparation from glucose in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) over AlCl3 was revealed by a combined experimental and computational study. ILs used as cocatalysts in this work included N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate ([NMP]HSO4), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone methyl sulfate ([NMP]CH3SO3), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone chlorine ([NMP]Cl) and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone bromide ([NMP]Br) which were endowed with the same cation but different anions. According to the conclusion that fructose was intermediate product from glucose to HMF, we found fructose was transformed to more by‐products by [NMP]HSO4, making HMF yield decline significantly when glucose was treated as substrate. Neither glucose nor fructose could be converted by [NMP]CH3SO3 efficiently, leading to its no influence on glucose conversion to HMF. [NMP]Br had a higher selectivity for HMF from fructose than [NMP]Cl and AlCl3. Besides, Al3+ preferred to combine with Br−, slightly decreasing both the overall free energy barrier for glucose isomerization and activation barrier for H‐shift at 393.15 K. So a high HMF yield of 57% was obtained from glucose catalyzed by AlCl3 together with [NMP]Br under mild conditions.
Design, Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Tetrahydroisoindoline‐1,3‐dione Derivatives Containing Alkoxycarbonyl Substituted 2‐Benzoxazolinone
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Kechang , Liu Ruiquan , Li Qibo , Li Yongqiang , Wang Qingmin , Liu Shangzhong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSeveral different alkoxycarbonyl‐substituted 2‐benzoxazolinone moieties have been incorporated into a tetrahydroisoindoline‐1,3‐dione scaffold to provide 25 compounds (1a–1u and 2a–2d). The structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, HRMS and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. Some of these compounds (1g, 1h, 1j, 1k) exhibited excellent herbicidal activities against Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crus‐galli at a rate of 375 g AI·ha−1. Among them, compounds 1h and 1j displayed the best post‐emergence herbicidal effect against Abutilon theophrasti with ED50 values of 1.8 and 5.3 g AI·ha−1, respectively, which are superior to that of the commercial acifluorfen (44.3 g AI·ha−1). Field trials demonstrated that compound 1h exhibited similar herbicidal activity to a high concentration atrazine, and found to be safer for maize than atrazine. The results of this study therefore show that compound 1h could potentially be used as a post‐emergence herbicide for maize fields.
Polyethyleneimine‐Functionalized Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Water Stability, pH Sensing, and Cellular Imaging
Authors: Wang Chuanxi , Xu Zhenzhu , Zhang Chi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHerein, a facile and one‐step hydrothermal route is designed to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with citric acid (CA) as a carbon source and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a surface passivation agent. The resultant CDs display strong blue fluorescence with a quantum yield up to 24.3 %. The resultant CDs show excellent photoluminescence properties with high photo‐ and metal‐stability, which are attributed to PEI, a surface passivation agent that would form a protecting layer. Due to the water solubility and low toxicity, the as‐prepared CDs possess potential applications in biological labelling. Additionally, PEI is a functional polycationic polymer with various amine groups, which makes the CDs exhibit pH‐responsive optical properties. The resultant CDs have been used as pH sensors due to the reversible pH‐responsive fluorescence from acidic (pH 3) and basic solutions (pH 11). Moreover, the fluorescence intensity increases with increasing concentrations of CDs.
NMR Crystallography of an Oxovanadium(V) Complex by an Approach Combining Multinuclear Magic Angle Spinning NMR, DFT, and Spin Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Pourpoint Frédérique , Yehl Jenna , Li Mingyue , Gupta Rupal , Trébosc Julien , Lafon Olivier , Amoureux Jean‐Paul , Polenova Tatyana 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBioinorganic vanadium(V) solids are often challenging for structural analysis. Here, we explore an NMR crystallography approach involving multinuclear 13C/51V solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT), and spin dynamics numerical simulations, for the spectral assignment and the 3D structural analysis of an isotopically unmodified oxovanadium(V) complex, containing 17 crystallographically inequivalent 13C sites. In particular, we report the first NMR determination of C–V distances. So far, the NMR observation of 13C–51V proximities has been precluded by the specification of commercial NMR probes, which cannot be tuned simultaneously to the close Larmor frequencies of these isotopes (100.6 and 105.2 MHz for 13C and 51V, respectively, at 9.4 T). By combining DFT calculations and 13C–51V NMR experiments, we propose a complete assignment of the 13C spectrum of this oxovanadium(V) complex. Furthermore, we show how 13C–51V distances can be quantitatively estimated.
A class of versatile circuits, made up of standard electrical components, are memristors
Authors: Ascoli Alon , Corinto Fernando , Tetzlaff Ronald 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a whole class of memristor circuits. Each element from the class consists of the cascade connection between a static nonlinear two‐port and a dynamic one‐port. The class may be divided into two subclasses depending on the input variable (voltage or current). Within each of these subclasses, two further sets of memristor circuits may be distinguished according to which output voltage and current of the two‐port represents one of the system states. The simplest memristor circuits make only use of purely passive elementary components from circuit theory, an absolute novelty in this field of research. Thus they are suitable circuit primers for the introduction of the topic of memristors to undergraduate students. A sample circuit is built using discrete devices and its memristive nature is validated experimentally. In case the one‐port is purely passive, the proposed circuits feature volatile memristive behavior. Allowing active devices into the dynamic one‐port, non‐volatile dynamics may also emerge, as proved through concepts from the theory of nonlinear dynamics. Given the generality of the proposed class, the topology of the emulators may be adjusted so as to induce a large variety of dynamical behaviors, which may be exploited to accomplish new signal processing tasks, which conventional circuits are unable to perform. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated high voltage‐boosting converter derived from forward converter
Authors: Hwu K. I. , Jiang W. Z. , Chien J. Y. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryA novel isolated high voltage‐boosting converter, derived from the traditional forward converter, is presented in this paper. As compared with the traditional forward converter, the demagnetizing winding of the transformer in the proposed converter is used not only to demagnetize but also to improve the voltage conversion ratio. Therefore, the duty cycle is not limited, and the utilization of the transformer, also called coupled inductor, can be increased also. Furthermore, the proposed converter maintains the advantage of possessing a non‐pulsating output current, leading to a small output voltage ripple. Moreover, by applying one additional voltage‐boosting winding to the transformer, the voltage conversion ratio can be significantly improved. In addition, an active clamp circuit is employed in the proposed converter to reduce the voltage stress of the main switch, caused by the leakage inductance in the transformer, and the switches can achieve zero‐voltage switching. Finally, the analysis of operating principles, choice of the turns, turns ratio, core size, and each wire size of the coupled inductor are described in detail, and the experimental results with a prototype with 12‐V input voltage, 100‐V output voltage, and 100‐W output power are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone parameters in relation to attitudes and feelings associated with disordered eating in oligo‐amenorrheic athletes, eumenorrheic athletes, and nonathletes
Authors: Cano Sokoloff Natalia , Eguiguren Maria L. , Wargo Katherine , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Baskaran Charumathi , Singhal Vibha , Clarke Hannah , Slattery Meghan , Lee Hang , Eddy Kamryn T. , Misra Madhusmita 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesDisordered eating may negatively impact bone in athletes. However, it is not known whether this effect is independent of the associated amenorrhea and relative hypercortisolemia. We aimed to compare attitudes, feelings, and cognitions associated with disordered eating using the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2) in normal‐weight oligomenorrheic athletes (OA), eumenorrheic athletes (EA), and nonathletes, and determine the associations with bone independent of confounders.Method109 OA, 39 EA, and 36 nonathletes (14–25 years) completed the TFEQ and EDI‐2. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to assess spine bone mineral density (BMD), and high‐resolution pQCT to assess radius microarchitecture. We measured integrated cortisol (q 20′, 11 PM–7 AM), bone formation (procollagen Type 1 N‐terminal propeptide, P1NP), and resorption (C‐telopeptide, CTX) markers in a subset.ResultsOA had lower spine BMD Z‐scores than EA. Cognitive eating restraint (CER), drive for thinness (DT), ineffectiveness, and interoceptive awareness (IA) were higher in OA than EA (p < 0.05); CER was higher in OA versus nonathletes (p = 0.03). Pulsatile cortisol was positively associated with DT, ineffectiveness, and IA (p < 0.03). CER was inversely associated with BMD Z‐scores and P1NP, and ineffectiveness with radius cross‐sectional area even after controlling for age, BMI, amenorrhea duration, and cortisol (p < 0.03).DiscussionHigher CER in athletes independently predicts lower BMD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:522–526).
Effects of triiodothyronine replacement therapy in patients with chronic stable heart failure and low‐triiodothyronine syndrome: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Amin Ahmad , Chitsazan Mitra , Taghavi Sepideh , Ardeshiri Maryam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe present study assessed the changes in functional, biochemical, and echocardiographic measures following long‐term liothyronine therapy in heart failure (HF) patients with low‐triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome (LT3S).MethodsIn the present placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study, adult patients with clinically stable New York Heart Association functional class I–III systolic HF and LT3S receiving standard HF therapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive oral liothyronine or placebo for 6 weeks. Low‐T3 syndrome was defined as a serum free T3 of less than the lower limit of normal (<2.4 pg/mL) with normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) and free thyroxin values.ResultsFifty patients, including 39 (78%) men with a mean ± standard deviation age of 60 ± 15 years were included. The 6‐min walk distance increased in the liothyronine group by 93 ± 16 m and in the placebo group by 67 ± 28 m, resulting in a treatment effect of 26 m (P = 0.003). A higher decrease of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level was seen in the liothyronine group than in the placebo group (P = 0.009). Liothyronine markedly decreased serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide level compared with the placebo (P = 0.01). A significant increase was also seen in the left ventricular ejection fraction by liothyronine as compared with the placebo (<0.001).ConclusionTriiodothyronine replacement by chronic liothyronine therapy seems to safely benefit stable HF patients with LT3S receiving optimal HF medications.