bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A perspective for rural development based on the dairy-farming production system in Iporá and surroundings, Goiás State
Authors: Dias Kaique Moreira , Silva Marisa Marques , Wander Alcido Elenor , Salviano Paulo Alexandre Perdomo , Carvalho Eduardo Rodrigues de 
Published: September 2015

<p>The objective of this study was to characterize the dairy-farming production system in Iporá and adjacent municipalities. In the present work 257 interviews were conducted from April to November 2013 in several locations. Mean milk production per farm was 207.9 liters/day and dairy cow yield was 7.8 liters/day. The indicators of pasture degradation was high (n=111/63.8%). Natural breeding was more frequent (n=155/82.4%) than artificial insemination (n=33/17.6%). Milking cows manually was more frequent (n=146/82.9%) than mechanical milking (n=30/17.1%). The most predominant milking construction was the roofless shed with packed earth floor (n=98/63.2%). Milk quality may be reduced due to certain procedures adopted during milking (48 herdsmen dry the saliva of the calf on the teat surface with the cow tail, 63 herdsmen remove the saliva of the calf on the teat surface by hand and dry it on the cow coat, and 67 herdsmen remove the saliva of the calf on the teat surface by hand and dry it on their pants). Vaccination against leptospirosis, bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and neosporosis was low (n=26, 24, 20 and 7, respectively). The dairy-farming production system in Iporá and surroundings needs improvements to increase milk production and create opportunities for rural development.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento rural baseada no sistema de produção de leite em Iporá e adjacências, Estado de Goiás</em></strong></p><p><strong>Resumo: </strong>objetivou-se nesse estudo caracterizar o sistema de produção de leite em Iporá e municípios adjacentes. Realizaram-se 257 entrevistas entre abril e novembro de 2013 em diversos locais. A produção de leite por fazenda foi de 207,9 litros/dia e a produtividade/vaca foi de 7,8 litros/dia. Os indicadores de degradação de pastagens foram altos (n=111/63,8%). A monta natural foi mais frequente (n=155/82,4%) que a inseminação artificial (n=33/17,6%). A ordenha manual foi mais frequente (n=146/82,9%) que a mecânica (n=30/17,1%). O tipo de construção predominante foi o barracão descoberto com piso de chão batido (n=98/63,2%). A qualidade do leite pode ser reduzida devido a certos procedimentos adotados durante a ordenha (48 ordenhadores secam a saliva do bezerro na superfície do teto com o rabo da vaca, 63 ordenhadores removem a saliva do bezerro na superfície do teto com a mão e a seca no pelo da vaca, e 67 ordenhadores removem a saliva do bezerro na superfície do teto com a mão e a seca na calça). A vacinação contra leptospirose, diarreia viral bovina, rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina e neosporose foi baixa (n= 26, 24, 20 e 7, respectivamente). O sistema de produção em Iporá e municípios adjacentes necessita de melhorias para aumento na produção de leite e oportunidades de desenvolvimento rural.</p><p> </p>
Sickle Cell Trait Worsens Oxidative Stress, Abnormal Blood Rheology, and Vascular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Diaw Mor , Pialoux Vincent , Martin Cyril , Samb Abdoulaye , Diop Saliou , Faes Camille , Mury Pauline , Sall Diop Niama , Diop Saïd-Norou , Ranque Brigitte , Mbaye Maïmouna Ndour , Key Nigel S. , Connes Philippe 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE
It is predicted that Africa will have the greatest increase in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within the next decade. T2DM patients are at risk for cardiovascular disorders. In Sub-Saharan African countries, sickle cell trait (SCT) is frequent. Despite the presence of modest abnormalities in hemorheology and oxidative stress, SCT is generally considered a benign condition. Little is known about vascular function in SCT, although recent studies demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, including venous thromboembolism, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that SCT could accentuate the vascular dysfunction observed in T2DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The current study, conducted in Senegal, compared vascular function, hemorheological profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and nitric oxide metabolism in healthy individuals (CONT), subjects with T2DM or SCT, and patients with both T2DM and SCT (T2DM-SCT).

RESULTS
Flow-mediated dilation was blunted in individuals with T2DM, SCT, and T2DM-SCT compared with CONT, with vascular dysfunction being most pronounced in the latter group. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurements demonstrated increased arterial stiffness in T2DM-SCT. Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation (interleukin-1β) were greater in patients with T2DM-SCT compared with the other groups. Blood viscosity was higher in individuals with TD2M, SCT carriers, and individuals with T2DM-SCT, and the values were further increased in the latter group.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate severe biological abnormalities and marked vascular dysfunction in patients with both T2DM and SCT. SCT should be viewed as a risk factor for further cardiovascular disorders in individuals with T2DM.
Residual stress relaxation in welded large components
Authors: Farajian Majid , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Residual stress relaxation of butt-welded large components under cyclic mechanical loading was investigated. The experiments were carried out on different types of steel with yield strengths between 300 and 800 MPa. X-ray diffraction technique was applied for the residual stresses analysis. High tensile residual stresses as high as the yield strength could be measured in large components. However, a fraction of maximum residual stress accommodated in the weld bead centerline is available at the weld toe. Under four-point bending of the large scale weldments, a considerable relaxation of residual stresses in the weld and its vicinity was observed during the first loadings. This behavior could be observed regardless wether the weld was under tensile or compressive loading.
Variation regulation of the acoustic emission energy parameter during the failure process of granite under uniaxial compression
Authors: Wang Chunlai , Bao Tiancai , Lu Hui , Liu Lu , Lu Zhijiang , Li Weiqiang , Yu Qiwei 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The AE energy characteristics of granite specimens were tested experimentally under uniaxial compression to investigate the variation regulation of acoustic emission (AE) energy during the granite failure process. The results show that the AE energy accompanies rock deformation and failure during the entire loading process. With stress increase, AE energy of granite specimens is in dynamic variation. There is a fine corresponding relationship between AE energy and stress. Under low stress levels, AE energy is relative low and remains stable. As stress increases, in the plastic deformation stage, AE energy rapidly increases and remains at a high level indicating intense energy which is released before rock failure. This phenomenon could be considered as the precursor for rock failure. Moreover, the corresponding time point where the AE energy release rate reaches the maximum is determined as the critical point for predicting rock failure. Then AE energy sharply decreases in the failure stage and rock instability occurs.
Influence of cutting parameters on the chip-tool interface temperature during the turning of Waspaloy
Authors: Isik Yahya , Kus Abdil , Cakir M. Cemal 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Waspaloy, as a nickel superalloy, is a difficult-to-machine material used for gas turbine engine components that require considerable strength and corrosion resistance at high operating temperatures. The machining of nickel-based alloys generates high temperatures at the cutting tool edge. This research investigated the relationship between cutting parameters and cutting temperature, using a remote temperature measurement method employing an infrared thermometer. In addition, the effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness were examined. Experiments were conducted on Waspaloy AMS5708 superalloy samples and a PVD TiAlN-TiN-coated WNVG 080404-IC907 carbide insert was used during the turning process. It was observed that the highest cutting speed and highest feed rate generated higher temperatures and higher surface roughness. Better surface roughness was obtained with the lowest feed rate, the highest cutting speed and the higher cutting depth. No cutting fluid was used in the experiments.
The effect of using heat treated ulexite and cashew in automotive friction materials
Authors: Sugözü İlker , Mutlu İbrahim , Keskin Ahmet 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this experimental study, the use of heat treated ulexite and cashew as a new material in brake pads was investigated. The change of friction coefficient, the temperature of friction surface and amount of wear were examined to assess the performance of these samples. Additionlly, microstructural characterizations of braking pads were carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the heat treated samples containing ulexite and cashew have an important effect on friction stability and fade resistance. It can be concluded that heat treated ulexite and cashew can be used as friction materials in the automotive brake pads.
Fatigue strength of nodular cast iron with regard to heavy-wall applications
Authors: Bleicher Christoph , Wagener Rainer , Kaufmann Heinz , Melz Tobias 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
For a proper estimation of the fatigue life of a heavy-walled cast component made of nodular cast iron, sufficient knowledge regarding the cyclic properties of the material is necessary. Based on the material parameters at hand for component design, different fatigue analysis procedures can be used. Elastic and elastic-plastic approaches can be adopted, with the latter being reserved only for local approaches. The present publication summarizes the cyclic material parameters gained during a research project by extensive material tests under stress and strain controlled cyclic loading at different load ratios for three nodular cast iron grades. In addition to an improved knowledge of the cyclic material behavior, the notch, the size effects and the mean stress sensitivity were of special concern during the investigations in order to provide an entire overview of the tested materials and thus input information for both stress and strain based design approaches. Tests were performed for specimens taken from large cast blocks of the nodular cast iron grades EN-GJS-400-18U-LT and EN-GJS-450-18, both with ferritic matrices, and EN-GJS-700-2 with a pearlitic matrix. For some of these materials, mean stress sensitivities above 0.5 were obtained during the investigations. These values are not covered by the common standards, which calculate lower values for the mean stress sensitivity. Cyclic material parameters for stress and strain controlled tests are given in this paper as well as values for the size effect, based on the concept of the highly stressed volume. The effect of different specimen sizes could be shown not only by stress but also by strain controlled tests.
Combined common peroneal and tibial nerve injury after knee dislocation: one injury or two? An MRI-clinical correlation
Authors: Reddy Chandan G. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Howe Benjamin M. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Knee dislocations are often accompanied by stretch injuries to the common peroneal nerve (CPN). A small subset of these injuries also affect the tibial nerve. The mechanism of this combined pattern could be a single longitudinal stretch injury of the CPN extending to the sciatic bifurcation (and tibial division) or separate injuries of both the CPN and tibial nerve, either at the level of the tibiofemoral joint or distally at the soleal sling and fibular neck. The authors reviewed cases involving patients with knee dislocations with CPN and tibial nerve injuries to determine the localization of the combined injury and correlation between degree of MRI appearance and clinical severity of nerve injury.

METHODS
Three groups of cases were reviewed. Group 1 consisted of knee dislocations with clinical evidence of nerve injury (n = 28, including 19 cases of complete CPN injury); Group 2 consisted of knee dislocations without clinical evidence of nerve injury (n = 19); and Group 3 consisted of cases of minor knee trauma but without knee dislocation (n = 14). All patients had an MRI study of the knee performed within 3 months of injury. MRI appearance of tibial and common peroneal nerve injury was scored by 2 independent radiologists in 3 zones (Zone I, sciatic bifurcation; Zone II, knee joint; and Zone III, soleal sling and fibular neck) on a severity scale of 1–4. Injury signal was scored as diffuse or focal for each nerve in each of the 3 zones. A clinical score was also calculated based on Medical Research Council scores for strength in the tibial and peroneal nerve distributions, combined with electrophysiological data, when available, and correlated with the MRI injury score.

RESULTS
Nearly all of the nerve segments visualized in Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated some degree of injury on MRI (95%), compared with 12% of nerve segments in Group 3. MRI nerve injury scores were significantly more severe in Group 1 relative to Group 2 (2.06 vs 1.24, p < 0.001) and Group 2 relative to Group 3 (1.24 vs 0.13, p < 0.001). In both groups of patients with knee dislocations (Groups 1 and 2), the MRI nerve injury score was significantly higher for CPN than tibial nerve (2.72 vs 1.40 for Group 1, p < 0.001; 1.39 vs 1.09 for Group 2, p < 0.05). The clinical injury score had a significantly strong correlation with the MRI injury score for the CPN (r = 0.75, p < 0.001), but not for the tibial nerve (r = 0.07, p = 0.83).

CONCLUSIONS
MRI is highly sensitive in detecting subclinical nerve injury. In knee dislocation, clinical tibial nerve injury is always associated with simultaneous CPN injury, but tibial nerve function is never worse than peroneal nerve function. The point of maximum injury can occur in any of 3 zones.
The successful arthroscopic treatment of suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts
Authors: Prasad Nikhil K. , Spinner Robert J. , Smith Jay , Howe Benjamin M. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Iannotti Joseph P. , Dahm Diane L. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can distinguish between intraneural ganglion cysts and paralabral (extraneural) cysts at the glenohumeral joint. Suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts share the same pathomechanism as their paralabral counterparts, emanating from a tear in the glenoid labrum. The authors present 2 cases to demonstrate that the identification and arthroscopic repair of labral tears form the cornerstone of treatment for intraneural ganglion cysts of the suprascapular nerve.

METHODS
Two patients with suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts were identified: 1 was recognized and treated prospectively, and the other, previously reported as a paralabral cyst, was identified retrospectively through the reinter-pretation of high-resolution MR images.

RESULTS
Both patients achieved full functional recovery and had complete radiological involution of the intraneural ganglion cysts at the 3-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Previous reports of suprascapular intraneural ganglion cysts described treatment by an open approach to decompress the cysts and resect the articular nerve branch to the glenohumeral joint. The 2 cases in this report demonstrate that intraneural ganglion cysts, similar to paralabral cysts, can be treated with arthroscopic repair of the glenoid labrum without resection of the articular branch. This approach minimizes surgical morbidity and directly addresses the primary etiology of intraneural and extraneural ganglion cysts.
Diffusion tensor tractography for the surgical management of peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Schmidt Manfred , Kasprian Gregor , Amann Gabriele , Duscher Dominik , Aszmann Oskar C. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are uncommon but bear a significant risk of malignancy. High-resolution MRI is the standard technique for characterizing PNSTs. However, planning the appropriate extent of resection and subsequent reconstructive strategies is highly dependent on the intraoperative findings because preoperative MRI evaluation can be insufficient. Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) represents a recently developed advanced MRI technique that reveals the microstructure of tissues based on monitoring the random movement of water molecules. DTT has the potential to provide diagnostic insights beyond conventional MRI techniques due to its mapping of specific fibrillar nerve structures. Here, DTT was applied to evaluate PNSTs and to examine the usefulness of this method for the correct delineation of tumor and healthy nerve tissue and the value of this information in the preoperative planning of surgical interventions.

METHODS
In this prospective study, patients with the clinical symptoms of a PNST were investigated using DTT 3-Tesla MRI scans. Image data processing and tractography were performed using the FACT (fiber assessment by continuous tracking) algorithm and multiple-regions-of-interest approach. The surgical findings were then compared with the results of the DTT MRI scans. Preoperative fascicle visualization and the correlation with the intraoperative findings were graded.

RESULTS
In a 21-month period, 12 patients with PNSTs were investigated (7 female and 5 male patients with a mean age of 46.2 ± 19.2 years). All patients underwent surgical removal of the tumor. Schwannoma was the most common benign histopathological finding (n = 7), whereas 2 malignant lesions were detected. In 10 of 12 patients, good preoperative nerve fascicle visualization was achieved using DTT scans. In 9 of 10 patients with good preoperative fascicle visualization, good intraoperative correlation between the DTT scans and surgical anatomy was found.

CONCLUSIONS
DTT properly visualizes the peripheral nerve fascicles and their correct anatomical relation to PNST. DTT represents a promising new method for the preinterventional planning of nerve tumor resection.
Influence of Calcination on Different Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse and Waste Ash
Authors: Sultana M. S. , Rahman M. A. , Zaman M. N. , Ahmed A. N. 
Published: September 2015

Sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous waste product and important biomass sources, which is used as a fuel in the sugar industry. Bagasse ash is an industrial waste that mainly consists of high amount of silica and carbon materials. In this study sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and sugarcane waste ash (SCWA) were calcined at 400°C, 600°C, 800°C and 1000°C for 2 h. These samples were characterized in order to evaluate the possibility of their use in different industries. XRF and XRD analyses were done for chemical and phase analysis of both calcined samples. The chemical composition of calcined SCBA and SCWA indicated that samples had similar compositions of other pozzolanic material. Carbon content has been determined by elemental analyzer. With increasing temperature the percentage of carbon content decreases in both cases. As temperature increases, the color of SCBA and SCWA samples changing from black to grey and white, which also indicates that the carbon content present in the SCBA were reasonably reduced. XRD patterns showed that crystallinity increases with influence of calcining temperature for both ash samples.
Exploration, Development, and Validation of Patient-reported Outcomes in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–associated Vasculitis Using the OMERACT Process
Authors: Robson Joanna C. , Milman Nataliya , Tomasson Gunnar , Dawson Jill , Cronholm Peter F. , Kellom Katherine , Shea Judy , Ashdown Susan , Boers Maarten , Boonen Annelies , Casey George C. , Farrar John T. , Gebhart Don , Krischer Jeffrey , Lanier Georgia , McAlear Carol A. , Peck Jacqueline , Sreih Antoine G. , Tugwell Peter S. , Luqmani Raashid A. , Merkel Peter A. 
Published: September 2015

Objective.Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of linked multisystem life- and organ-threatening diseases. The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) vasculitis working group has been at the forefront of outcome development in the field and has achieved OMERACT endorsement of a core set of outcomes for AAV. Patients with AAV report as important some manifestations of disease not routinely collected through physician-completed outcome tools; and they rate common manifestations differently from investigators. The core set includes the domain of patient-reported outcomes (PRO). However, PRO currently used in clinical trials of AAV do not fully characterize patients’ perspectives on their burden of disease. The OMERACT vasculitis working group is addressing the unmet needs for PRO in AAV.Methods.Current activities of the working group include (1) evaluating the feasibility and construct validity of instruments within the PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System) to record components of the disease experience among patients with AAV; (2) creating a disease-specific PRO measure for AAV; and (3) applying The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to examine the scope of outcome measures used in AAV.Results.The working group has developed a comprehensive research strategy, organized an investigative team, included patient research partners, obtained peer-reviewed funding, and is using a considerable research infrastructure to complete these interrelated projects to develop evidence-based validated outcome instruments that meet the OMERACT filter of truth, discrimination, and feasibility.Conclusion.The OMERACT vasculitis working group is on schedule to achieve its goals of developing validated PRO for use in clinical trials of AAV.
Reduction of Inflammation Drives Lipid Changes in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Heslinga Sjoerd C. , Peters Mike J. , ter Wee Marieke M. , van der Horst-Bruinsma Irene E. , van Sijl Alper M. , Smulders Yvo M. , Nurmohamed Michael T. 
Published: September 2015

Objective.To investigate the effects of changing inflammation on lipid levels in ankylosing spondylitis.Methods.In a cohort of 230 patients, lipid levels were measured at baseline and after 52 weeks of treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α–blocking agents (anti-TNF).Results.Total cholesterol (TC; +4.6%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+4.3%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; +3.7%) increased upon treatment. Changes were most evident in patients with substantial reduction in inflammatory levels (TC +8.2% vs +1.6% and HDL-C +8.3% vs +2.2% in patients with C-reactive protein ≥ 10 mg/l normalizing upon treatment vs CRP < 10 mg/l throughout treatment period).Conclusion.Anti-TNF therapy results in lipid changes mostly when inflammation is appreciably modified.