bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional interactions between matrix metalloproteinases and glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Tocchi Autumn , Parks William C. 
Published: February 2013

Similar to most proteinases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) do not recognize a consensus cleavage site. Thus, it is not surprising that, in a defined in vitro reaction, most MMPs can act on a wide range of proteins, including many extracellular matrix proteins. However, the findings obtained from in vivo studies with genetic models have demonstrated that individual MMPs act on just a few extracellular protein substrates, typically not matrix proteins. The limited, precise functions of an MMP imply that mechanisms have evolved to control the specificity of proteinase:substrate interactions. We discuss the possibility that interactions with the glycosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans may function as allosteric regulators or accessory factors directing MMP catalysis to specific substrates. We propose that understanding how the activity of specific MMPs is confined to discreet compartments and targeted to defined substrates via interactions with other macromolecules may provide a means of blocking potentially deleterious MMP‐mediated processes at the same time as sparing any beneficial functions.
DNA barcoding facilitates associations and diagnoses for Trichoptera larvae of the Churchill (Manitoba, Canada) area
Authors: Ruiter David E , Boyle Elizabeth E , Zhou Xin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
The North American Trichoptera larvae are poorly known at the species level, despite their importance in the understanding of freshwater fauna and critical use in biomonitoring. This study focused on morphological diagnoses for larvae occurring in the Churchill, Manitoba area, representing the largest larval association effort for the caddisflies at any given locality thus far. The current DNA barcode reference library of Trichoptera (available on the Barcode of Life Data Systems) was utilized to provide larval-adult associations.

Results
The present study collected an additional 23 new species records for the Churchill area, increasing the total Trichoptera richness to 91 species. We were able to associate 62 larval taxa, comprising 68.1% of the Churchill area Trichoptera taxa. This endeavor to identify immature life stage for the caddisflies enabled the development of morphological diagnoses, production of photographs and an appropriate taxonomic key to facilitate larval species analyses in the area.

Conclusions
The use of DNA for associations of unknown larvae with known adults proved rapid and successful. This method should accelerate the state-of-knowledge for North American Trichoptera larvae as well as other taxonomic lineages. The morphological analysis should be useful for determination of material from the Churchill area.
A Comparison of Spike, Flash, SPER and Laser Annealing for 45nm CMOS
Authors: Lindsay R. , Pawlak B. , Kittl J. , Henson K. , Torregiani C. , Giangrandi S. , Surdeanu R. , Vandervorst W. , Mayur A. , Ross J. , McCoy S. , Gelpey J. , Elliott K. , Pages X. , Satta A. , Lauwers A. , Stolk P. , Maex K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDue to integration concerns, the use of meta-stable junction formation approaches like laser thermal annealing (LTA), solid phase epitaxial regrowth (SPER), and flash annealing has largely been avoided for the 90nm CMOS node. Instead fast-ramp spike annealing has been optimised along with co-implantation to satisfy the device requirements, often with the help from thin offset spacers. However for the 65nm and 45nm CMOS node it is widely accepted that this conventional approach will not provide the required pMOS junctions, even with changes in the transistor architecture.In this work, we will compare junction performance and integratablity of fast-ramp spike, flash, SPER and laser annealing down to 45nm CMOS. The junction depth, abruptness and resistance offered by each approach are balanced against device uniformity, deactivation and leakage. Results show that the main contenders for the 45nm CMOS are SPER and flash annealing – but both have to be rigorously optimised for regrowth rates, amorphous positioning and dopant and co-implant profiles. From the two, SPER offers the best junction abruptness (<1nm/dec) with leakage suitable for low power applications, while the flash anneal has the benefit of higher solid solubility (>4E20at/cm3) and less transistor modifications. As expected, Ge and F co-implanted spike annealed junctions do not reach the 45nm node requirements. For full-melt LTA, poly deformation on isolation can be reduced but geometry effects result in unacceptable junction non-uniformity.
Design and preparation of poly(aryl ether ketone)/phosphotungstic acid hybrid films with low dielectric constant
Authors: Geng Zhi , Zhang Shuling , Mu Jianxin , Jiang Xu , Huo Pengfei , Lu Yaning , Luan Jiashuang , Wang Guibin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA material with low dielectric constant was produced using nanoparticle phosphotungstic acid (PWA) modified by the silane coupling agent γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH‐550) dispersed in a poly(aryl ether ketone) containing (3‐trifluoromethyl) phenyl side groups (FPEEK) matrix synthesized with (3‐trifluoromethyl) phenyl hydroquinone (3FHQ) and 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone. The material was fabricated using solution‐blending. Moreover, the dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties of this material were characterized using a precision impedance analyzer, thermal gravimetric analyzer, and universal tester, respectively. The results indicate that modified PWA (m‐PWA)/FPEEK composites show obvious improvement in the dielectric properties compared to unmodified PWA (p‐PWA)/FPEEK composites. This should be attributed to the good dispersion and compatibility of m‐PWA in FPEEK, as proven by scanning electron microscope and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. Besides, m‐PWA/FPEEK composites also exhibited the relatively good thermal and mechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Balance and Its Effect on Mesophase Behaviour in Hydroxyalkyl Ethers of Methyl Glucopyranoside
Authors: Singh Madan K. , Xu Rui , Moebs Sylvie , Kumar Anil , Queneau Yves , Cowling Stephen J. , Goodby John W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFour series of monosubstituted methyl α‐D‐glucopyranoside hydroxyalkyl ethers were prepared and their thermotropic and lyotropic self‐organising properties were investigated in terms of the hydrophobic–hydrophilic balance with respect to their molecular structures. The results obtained lead us to a new understanding of the forces that drive the formation of condensed soft‐matter phases.
A routing protocol for mobile ad‐hoc networks using the profit optimization model
Authors: Wang Chu‐Fu , Ding Jen‐Wen , Chen Te‐Cheng 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYRecently, wireless networks have become one of the major development trends in computer network technology. Because there is no more need of the wired transmission medium, applications have thus diversified. One such growing field of wireless networks is the mobile ad‐hoc network (MANET). A MANET consists of mobile hosts (such as portable laptops, vehicles, etc.), and no fixed infrastructure is required. MANETs provide ease of self‐configuration and can extend coverage at a low cost. Numerous applications have therefore been proposed under this network environment for daily life use. Because MANETs nodes are capable of moving, MANET network topology changes frequently. Thus, the traditional routing protocols fail to fit such an environment. In this paper, we propose an efficient routing protocol for MANETs, which integrates the mathematical model of profit optimization (the Kelly formula) from the field of economics to cope with the routing problem caused by node mobility. Some numerical simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method using the network simulator NS‐2. The results show that our proposed method outperforms conventional routing protocols in packet delivery ratio comparisons; and the average end‐to‐end delays are within a tolerable range. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the Electrophilic Reactivities of N‐Acylpyridinium Ions and Other Acylating Agents
Authors: Nigst Tobias A. , Mayr Herbert 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of carbanions, carboxylate anions, and primary and secondary amines with acylating agents were studied in acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) under first‐order conditions by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and conductimetry. Whereas reactions of a large variety of nucleophiles with ordinary carbanions and Michael acceptors generally follow the linear free energy relationship lg k2 (20 °C) = sN(N + E), separate correlation lines for different types of nucleophiles were found when (lg k2)/sN was plotted against N for the reactions with acyl derivatives 2–5. Even when nucleophilic attack is rate determining, the reactivities of acylating agents towards nucleophiles cannot be described by a single set of nucleophile‐independent electrophilicity parameters.
Remote energetic neutral atom imaging of electric potential over a lunar magnetic anomaly
Authors: Futaana Y. , Barabash S. , Wieser M. , Lue C. , Wurz P. , Vorburger A. , Bhardwaj A. , Asamura K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe formation of electric potential over lunar magnetized regions is essential for understanding fundamental lunar science, for understanding the lunar environment, and for planning human exploration on the Moon. A large positive electric potential was predicted and detected from single point measurements. Here, we demonstrate a remote imaging technique of electric potential mapping at the lunar surface, making use of a new concept involving hydrogen neutral atoms derived from solar wind. We apply the technique to a lunar magnetized region using an existing dataset of the neutral atom energy spectrometer SARA/CENA on Chandrayaan‐1. Electrostatic potential larger than +135 V inside the Gerasimovic anomaly is confirmed. This structure is found spreading all over the magnetized region. The widely spread electric potential can influence the local plasma and dust environment near the magnetic anomaly.
Simulated hydroclimatic impacts of projected Brazilian sugarcane expansion
Authors: Georgescu M. , Lobell D. B. , Field C. B. , Mahalov A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSugarcane area is currently expanding in Brazil, largely in response to domestic and international demand for sugar‐based ethanol. To investigate the potential hydroclimatic impacts of future expansion, a regional climate model is used to simulate 5 years of a scenario in which cerrado and cropland areas (~1.1E6 km2) within south‐central Brazil are converted to sugarcane. Results indicate a cooling of up to ~1.0°C during the peak of the growing season, mainly as a result of increased albedo of sugarcane relative to the previous landscape. After harvest, warming of similar magnitude occurs from a significant decline in evapotranspiration and a repartitioning toward greater sensible heating. Overall, annual temperature changes from large‐scale conversion are expected to be small because of offsetting reductions in net radiation absorption and evapotranspiration. The decline in net water flux from land to the atmosphere implies a reduction in regional precipitation, which is consistent with progressively decreasing simulated average rainfall for the study period, upon conversion to sugarcane. However, rainfall changes were not robust across three ensemble members. The results suggest that sugarcane expansion will not drastically alter the regional energy or water balance, but could result in important local and seasonal effects.
LATENCY OF RESPONSE DURING THE FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF ELOPEMENT
Authors: Neidert Pamela L. , Iwata Brian A. , Dempsey Carrie M. , Thomason‐Sassi Jessica L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractElopement is a dangerous behavior sometimes exhibited by individuals with intellectual disabilities. We conducted trial‐based functional analyses in which latency was the index of elopement for 2 students. Two unobtrusive safety monitors were placed outside the building to eliminate potential confounding caused by having to retrieve a student. Results of both students' assessments indicated that elopement served multiple functions. Results are discussed in terms of the study's methodological and applied implications.
ON THE ORIGIN AND FUNCTIONS OF THE TERM FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Schlinger Henry D. , Normand Matthew P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this essay, we note that although Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982) established the standard framework for conducting functional analyses of problem behavior, the term functional analysis was probably first used in behavior analysis by B. F. Skinner in 1948. We also remind readers that a functional analysis is really an experimental analysis, words that were contained in the title of Skinner's first book, The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis (1938). We further describe how Skinner initially applied the concept of functional analysis to an understanding of verbal behavior, and we suggest that the same tactic be applied to the verbal behavior of behavior analysts, in the present case, to the term functional analysis.
Differing source water inputs, moderated by evaporative enrichment, determine the contrasting δ18OCELLULOSE signals in maritime Antarctic moss peat banks
Authors: Royles Jessica , Sime Louise C. , Hodgson Dominic A. , Convey Peter , Griffiths Howard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOxygen isotope palaeoclimate records, preserved in moss tissue cellulose, are complicated by environmental influences on the relationships between source water inputs and evaporative conditions. We carried out stable isotope analyses of precipitation collected from the maritime Antarctic and cellulose extracted from co‐located Chorisodontium aciphyllum dominated moss peat bank deposits accumulated since 1870 A.D. Analyses of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of summer precipitation on Signy Island (60.7°S, 45.6°W) established a local meteoric water line (LMWL) similar to both the global MWL and other LMWLs, and almost identical to the HadAM3 isotope‐enabled global circulation model output. The oxygen isotopic composition of cellulose (δ18OC) revealed little temporal variation between four moss peat banks on Signy Island since 1870. However, δ18OC followed two patterns with Sites A and D consistently 3‰ enriched relative to δ18OC values from Sites B and C. The growing moss surfaces at Sites A and D are likely to have been hydrated by isotopically heavier summer precipitation, whilst at Sites B and C, the moss banks are regularly saturated by the isotopically depleted snow melt streams. Laboratory experiments revealed that evaporative enrichment of C. aciphyllum moss leaf water by 5‰ occurred rapidly following saturation (ecologically equivalent to post‐rainfall or snow melt periods). In addition to the recognized source water‐cellulose fractionation extent of 27 ± 3‰, such a shift would account for the 32‰ difference measured between δ18O of Signy Island precipitation and cellulose.
Climate‐induced changes in biome distribution, NPP, and hydrology in the Upper Midwest U.S.: A case study for potential vegetation
Authors: Motew Melissa M. , Kucharik Christopher J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe investigated the impacts of recent climate change on potential vegetation distributions and carbon and water cycling across the Upper Midwest from 1948 to 2007. We used the Agro‐IBIS dynamic vegetation model driven by a newly developed gridded daily climate data set at 5 min × 5 min spatial resolution. Trends in climate variables were spatially heterogeneous over the study period and were associated with an overall increase in net primary productivity (NPP). We observed an average regional change in total NPP of 41 ± 30 g C m−2 (8%). Increased summer relative humidity and increased annual precipitation were key variables contributing to the positive trends. Mechanisms for increased productivity included a reduction in soil moisture stress as well as increased stomatal conductance resulting from an increase in summertime humidity. Model simulations also showed an average total increase in annual groundwater recharge throughout the region of 39 ± 35 mm (45%) driven by increases in annual precipitation. Evapotranspiration had a highly variable spatial trend over the 60 year period, with an average total change of 5 ± 21 mm (1%) across all grid cells. The location of the Tension Zone, a broad ecotone dividing northern mixed forests and southern hardwood forests and prairies, was not observed to migrate using analysis of meteorological variables.
Physical Properties and Erosion Behavior of Poly(trimethylene carbonate‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) Networks
Authors: Bat Erhan , van Kooten Theo G. , Harmsen Martin C. , Plantinga Josée A. , van Luyn Marja J. A. , Feijen Jan , Grijpma Dirk W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractForm‐stable resorbable networks are prepared by gamma irradiating trimethylene carbonate (TMC)‐ and ε‐caprolactone (CL)‐based (co)polymer films. To evaluate their suitability for biomedical applications, their physical properties and erosion behavior are investigated. Homopolymer and copolymer networks that are amorphous at room temperature are flexible and rubbery with elastic moduli ranging from 1.8 ± 0.3 to 5.2 ± 0.4 MPa and permanent set values as low as 0.9% strain. The elastic moduli of the semicrystalline networks are higher and range from 61 ± 3 to 484 ± 34 MPa. The erosion behavior of (co)polymer networks is investigated in vitro using macrophage cultures, and in vivo by subcutaneous implantation in rats. In macrophage cultures, as well as upon implantation, a surface erosion process is observed for the amorphous (co)polymer networks, while an abrupt decrease in the rate and a change in the nature of the erosion process are observed with increasing crystallinity. These resorbable and form‐stable networks with tuneable properties may find application in a broad range of biomedical applications.magnified image
Mastoid Obliteration Using Three‐Dimensional Composite Scaffolds Consisting of Polycaprolactone/β‐Tricalcium Phosphate/Collagen Nanofibers: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Jang Chul Ho , Cho Yong Beom , Yeo Myung Gu , Kim Geun Hyung 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo different composite scaffolds, solid‐freeform‐fabricated PCL/β‐TCP supplemented with and without collagen nanofibers are fabricated. These scaffolds are evaluated whether a combination of collagen nanofibers with PCL/β‐TCP can promote osteogenesis in a mastoid obliteration. To assess the effects of the cellular activities of osteoblast‐like‐cells (MG63), SEM images and MTT assays are conducted. Experimental mastoid obliteration is performed using guinea pigs that are divided group A (PCL/β‐TCP/collagen‐nanofiber scaffold) and group B (PCL/β‐TCP scaffold). The results reveal that PCL/β‐TCP/collagen scaffold provide much broader cell attachment sites than PCL/β‐TCP scaffold. The µ‐CT and fluorescent microscopy results reveal that the acceleration of early new bone formation within the pores and scaffold itself at week 4 post‐operation is more effective in group A. In addition, based on the results of the histological and µ‐CT at 12 weeks post‐surgery, the effective regeneration of bone in the PCL/β‐TCP/collagen scaffold is appeared.magnified image
Transcriptome profile of bovine elongated conceptus obtained from SCNT and IVP pregnancies
Authors: Betsha Simret , Hoelker Michael , Salilew‐Wondim Dessie , Held Eva , Rings Franka , Große‐Brinkhause Christine , Cinar Mehmet Ulas , Havlicek Vitea , Besenfelder Urban , Tholen Ernst , Looft Christian , Schellander Karl , Tesfaye Dawit 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the present study we analyzed the gene expression changes induced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and in vitro production (IVP) in bovine elongated embryos using Affymetrix bovine genome array. For this, Day‐16 bovine embryos from SCNT, IVP, and artificial insemination (AI) were recovered from recipients and used for transcriptome analysis. Despite comparable in vivo development rates, considerable reduction in elongation size was observed in SCNT compared to non‐cloned embryos (93.3 mm for SCNT vs. 186.6 mm and 196.3 mm for IVP and AI embryos, respectively). Gene expression analysis revealed that the transcript levels of 477 genes, which are involved in various pathways including arginine and proline or glycerolipid and fatty acid metabolism, were significantly altered in SCNT compared to AI embryos. Similarly, 365 genes were differentially expressed in IVP embryos compared to AI. Thus, several pathways including TNRF‐1 signaling and tight junction pathways were affected. To predict whether the altered transcripts were associated with culture condition or errors in transcriptional reprogramming, unique or common differentially expressed genes were analyzed in SCNT and IVP embryos compared to AI or fibroblast donor cells. Accordingly, 71 transcripts were found to be not transcriptionally reprogrammed, as their expression resembled the donor cells more than AI embryos; the remaining transcripts were either partially or incompletely reprogrammed. In conclusion, the present study identified deviations in elongation size, gene expression, and the corresponding molecular pathways in Day‐16 SCNT and IVP conceptuses compared to their AI counterparts, which may subsequently be associated with the outcome of fetal development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 315–333, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spingläser und Hirngespinste: Physikalische Modelle des Lernens und Erkennens
Authors: Horner H. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract“Nachdem es uns nicht gelungen ist, Spingläser mit Hilfe unseres Gehirns zu verstehen, versuchen wir jetzt unser Gehirn mit Hilfe von Spingläsern zu verstehen”. [1]
Festkörperuntersuchungen mit thermischen Wellen
Authors: Pelzl J. , Bein B. K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractZahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten in der Festkörperphysik befassen sich mit der Untersuchung der lokalen Abhängigkeit physikalischer Eigenschaften und mit der Entwicklung dafür geeigneter Meßverfahren. Einige dieser Techniken nutzen die Ausbreitung thermischer Wellen, um ort‐ sund zeitaufgelöste Informationen zu erhalten. Die thermischen Wellen bieten dabei nicht nur die Möglichkeit der zerstörungsfreien Analyse, sondern sie eignen sich auch zum Studium grundlegender physikalischer Fragen.
Geodäsie und Physik
Authors: Ruder Hans , Schneider Manfred , Soffel Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAufgrund moderner Meßverfahren und der damit erreichbaren hohen Genauigkeiten hat sich der Raum geodätischer Fragestellungen und Zielgrößen beträchtlich erweitert und die Geodäsie immer mehr zu einer interdisziplinären Wissenschaft entwickelt. An die Stelle einer eher statischen Betrachtungsweise ist eine dynamische getreten, wobei nicht nur die Erdoberfläche, sondern das gesamte System Erde (Erdkörper inklusive Hydrosphäre und Atmosphäre) und dessen planetare Umgebung einzubeziehen sind. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Beobachtungsverfahren und Forschungsziele der heutigen physikalischen Geodäsie wird das Konzept und die Rolle der Fundamentalstation Wettzell im Bayerischen Wald vorgestellt und der Einsatz von drei modernen astronomischgeodätischen Meßverfahren, nämlich Laser‐Entfernungsmessungen zu künstlichen Erdsatelliten und zum Mond sowie Radiointerferometrie auf großen Basislinien zur Klärung von geodätisch‐physikalischen Fragen an einigen Beispielen erläutert.