bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Stellar Kinematics from RAVE Data – VI. Metallicity Gradients Based on the F–G Main-Sequence Stars
Authors: Plevne O. , Ak T. , Karaali S. , Bilir S. , Ak S. , Bostancı Z. F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe estimated iron and metallicity gradients in the radial and vertical directions with the F and G type dwarfs taken from the Radial Velocity Experiment Data Release 4 database. The sample defined by the constraints Zmax ⩽ 825 pc and ep ⩽ 0.10 consists of stars with metal abundances and space velocity components agreeable with the thin-disc stars. The radial iron and metallicity gradients estimated for the vertical distance intervals 0 < Zmax ⩽ 500 and 500 < Zmax ⩽ 800 pc are $\text{d}[\text{Fe}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm m}=-0.083\pm 0.030$ and $\text{d}[\text{Fe}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm m}=-0.048\pm 0.037$ dex kpc−1, and $\text{d}[\text{M}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm m}=-0.063\pm 0.011$ and $\text{d}[\text{M}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm m}=-0.028\pm 0.057$ dex kpc−1, respectively, where Rm is the mean Galactocentric distance. The iron and metallicity gradients for less number of stars at further vertical distances, 800 < Zmax ⩽ 1500 pc, are mostly positive. Compatible iron and metallicity gradients could be estimated with guiding radius (Rg) for the same vertical distance intervals 0 < Zmax ⩽ 500 and 500 < Zmax ⩽ 800 pc, i.e. $\text{d}[\text{Fe}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm g}=-0.083\pm 0.030$ and $\text{d}[\text{Fe}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm g}=-0.065\pm 0.039$ dex kpc−1; $\text{d}[\text{M}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm g}=-0.062\pm 0.018$ and $\text{d}[\text{M}/\text{H}]/\text{d}R_{\rm g}=-0.055\pm 0.045$ dex kpc−1. F and G type dwarfs on elongated orbits show a complicated radial iron and metallicity gradient distribution in different vertical distance intervals. Significant radial iron and metallicity gradients could be derived neither for the sub-sample stars with Rm ⩽ 8 kpc, nor for the ones at larger distances, Rm > 8 kpc. The range of the iron and metallicity abundance for the F and G type dwarfs on elongated orbits, [−0.13, −0.01), is similar to the thin-disc stars, while at least half of their space velocity components agree better with those of the thick-disc stars. The vertical iron gradients estimated for the F and G type dwarfs on circular orbits are $\text{d}[\text{Fe}/\text{H}]/\text{d}Z_{{\rm max}}=-0.176\pm 0.039$ dex kpc−1 and $\text{d}[\text{Fe}/\text{H}]/\text{d}Z_{{\rm max}}=-0.119\pm 0.036$ dex kpc−1 for the intervals Zmax ⩽ 825 and Zmax ⩽ 1500 pc, respectively.
A Titchmarsh divisor problem for elliptic curves
Authors: POLLACK PAUL 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLetE/Qbe an elliptic curve with complex multiplication. We study the average size of τ(#E(Fp)) aspvaries over primes of good ordinary reduction. We work out in detail the case ofE:y2=x3−x, where we prove that$$\begin{equation} \sum_{\substack{p \leq x \\p \equiv 1\pmod{4}}} \tau(\#E({\bf{F}}_p)) \sim \left(\frac{5\pi}{16} \prod_{p > 2} \frac{p^4-\chi(p)}{p^2(p^2-1)}\right)x, \quad\text{as $x\to\infty$}. \end{equation}$$Here χ is the nontrivial Dirichlet character modulo 4. The proof uses number field analogues of the Brun–Titchmarsh and Bombieri–Vinogradov theorems, along with a theorem of Wirsing on mean values of nonnegative multiplicative functions.Now suppose thatE/Qis a non-CM elliptic curve. We conjecture that the sum of τ(#E(Fp)), taken overp⩽xof good reduction, is ~cExfor somecE> 0, and we give a heuristic argument suggesting the precise value ofcE. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for Dedekind zeta functions, we prove that this sum is ≍Ex. The proof uses combinatorial ideas of Erdős.
A Series on the Edge: Social Tension in Star Trek's Title Cue—ADDENDUM
Authors: GETMAN JESSICA L. 
Published: November 2015

Permission to use notation for the theme from “Star Trek” was received after the article by Getman in the August 2015 issue of Journal of the Society for American Music was published. The captions for Examples 1, 2, and 4 should carry the following credit:Theme from “Star Trek(R),” words by Gene Roddenberry, music by Alexander Courage. © 1966, 1970 Bruin Music Company. Copyright renewed. This arrangement © 2015 Bruin Music Company. All Rights Administered by Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC, 424 Church Street, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN 37219. International Copyright Secured. All Rights Reserved. Reprinted by Permission of Hal Leonard Corporation.
Increased dysbindin-1B isoform expression in schizophrenia and its propensity in aggresome formation
Authors: Xu Yiliang , Sun Yuhui , Ye Haihong , Zhu Li , Liu Jianghong , Wu Xiaofeng , Wang Le , He Tingting , Shen Yan , Wu Jane Y , Xu Qi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGenetic variations in the human dysbindin-1 gene (DTNBP1) have been associated with schizophrenia. As a result of alternative splicing, the human DTNBP1 gene generates at least three distinct protein isoforms, dysbindin-1A, -1B and -1C. Significant effort has focused on dysbindin-1A, an important player in multiple steps of neurodevelopment. However, the other isoforms, dysbindin-1B and dysbindin-1C have not been well characterized. Nor have been associated with human diseases. Here we report an increase in expression of DTNBP1b mRNA in patients with paranoid schizophrenia as compared with healthy controls. A single-nucleotide polymorphism located in intron 9, rs117610176, has been identified and associated with paranoid schizophrenia, and its C allele leads to an increase of DTNBP1b mRNA splicing. Our data show that different dysbindin splicing isoforms exhibit distinct subcellular distribution, suggesting their distinct functional activities. Dysbindin-1B forms aggresomes at the perinuclear region, whereas dysbindin-1A and -1C proteins exhibit diffused patterns in the cytoplasm. Dysbindin-1A interacts with dysbindin-1B, getting recruited to the aggresome structure when co-expressed with dysbindin-1B. Moreover, cortical neurons over-expressing dysbindin-1B show reduction in neurite outgrowth, suggesting that dysbindin-1B may interfere with dysbindin-1A function in a dominant-negative manner. Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unknown association of DTNBP1b expression with schizophrenia in addition to its distinct biochemical and functional properties.
Stable and sporadic symbiotic communities of coral and algal holobionts
Authors: Hester Eric R , Barott Katie L , Nulton Jim , Vermeij Mark J A , Rohwer Forest L 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Coral and algal holobionts are assemblages of macroorganisms and microorganisms, including viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, protists and fungi. Despite a decade of research, it remains unclear whether these associations are spatial–temporally stable or species-specific. We hypothesized that conflicting interpretations of the data arise from high noise associated with sporadic microbial symbionts overwhelming signatures of stable holobiont members. To test this hypothesis, the bacterial communities associated with three coral species (Acropora rosaria, Acropora hyacinthus and Porites lutea) and two algal guilds (crustose coralline algae and turf algae) from 131 samples were analyzed using a novel statistical approach termed the Abundance-Ubiquity (AU) test. The AU test determines whether a given bacterial species would be present given additional sampling effort (that is, stable) versus those species that are sporadically associated with a sample. Using the AU test, we show that coral and algal holobionts have a high-diversity group of stable symbionts. Stable symbionts are not exclusive to one species of coral or algae. No single bacterial species was ubiquitously associated with one host, showing that there is not strict heredity of the microbiome. In addition to the stable symbionts, there was a low-diversity community of sporadic symbionts whose abundance varied widely across individual holobionts of the same species. Identification of these two symbiont communities supports the holobiont model and calls into question the hologenome theory of evolution.
African humid periods triggered the reactivation of a large river system in Western Sahara
Authors: Skonieczny C. , Paillou P. , Bory A. , Bayon G. , Biscara L. , Crosta X. , Eynaud F. , Malaizé B. , Revel M. , Aleman N. , Barusseau J. -P. , Vernet R. , Lopez S. , Grousset F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Sahara experienced several humid episodes during the late Quaternary, associated with the development of vast fluvial networks and enhanced freshwater delivery to the surrounding ocean margins. In particular, marine sediment records off Western Sahara indicate deposition of river-borne material at those times, implying sustained fluvial discharges along the West African margin. Today, however, no major river exists in this area; therefore, the origin of these sediments remains unclear. Here, using orbital radar satellite imagery, we present geomorphological data that reveal the existence of a large buried paleodrainage network on the Mauritanian coast. On the basis of evidence from the literature, we propose that reactivation of this major paleoriver during past humid periods contributed to the delivery of sediments to the Tropical Atlantic margin. This finding provides new insights for the interpretation of terrigenous sediment records off Western Africa, with important implications for our understanding of the paleohydrological history of the Sahara.
Complementation between polymerase- and exonuclease-deficient mitochondrial DNA polymerase mutants in genomically engineered flies
Authors: Bratic Ana , Kauppila Timo E. S. , Macao Bertil , Grönke Sebastian , Siibak Triinu , Stewart James B. , Baggio Francesca , Dols Jacqueline , Partridge Linda , Falkenberg Maria , Wredenberg Anna , Larsson Nils-Göran 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReplication errors are the main cause of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and a compelling approach to decrease mutation levels would therefore be to increase the fidelity of the catalytic subunit (POLγA) of the mtDNA polymerase. Here we genomically engineer the tamas locus, encoding fly POLγA, and introduce alleles expressing exonuclease- (exo−) and polymerase-deficient (pol−) POLγA versions. The exo− mutant leads to accumulation of point mutations and linear deletions of mtDNA, whereas pol− mutants cause mtDNA depletion. The mutant tamas alleles are developmentally lethal but can complement each other in trans resulting in viable flies with clonally expanded mtDNA mutations. Reconstitution of human mtDNA replication in vitro confirms that replication is a highly dynamic process where POLγA goes on and off the template to allow complementation during proofreading and elongation. The created fly models are valuable tools to study germ line transmission of mtDNA and the pathophysiology of POLγA mutation disease.
Biological, ecological, conservation and legal information for all species and subspecies of Australian bird
Authors: Garnett Stephen T. , Duursma Daisy E. , Ehmke Glenn , Guay Patrick-Jean , Stewart Alistair , Szabo Judit K. , Weston Michael A. , Bennett Simon , Crowley Gabriel M. , Drynan David , Dutson Guy , Fitzherbert Kate , Franklin Donald C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe introduce a dataset of biological, ecological, conservation and legal information for every species and subspecies of Australian bird, 2056 taxa or populations in total. Version 1 contains 230 fields grouped under the following headings: Taxonomy & nomenclature, Phylogeny, Australian population status, Conservation status, Legal status, Distribution, Morphology, Habitat, Food, Behaviour, Breeding, Mobility and Climate metrics. It is envisaged that the dataset will be updated periodically with new data for existing fields and the addition of new fields. The dataset has already had, and will continue to have applications in Australian and international ornithology, especially those that require standard information for a large number of taxa.
Fast-moving dislocations trigger flash weakening in carbonate-bearing faults during earthquakes
Authors: Spagnuolo Elena , Plümper Oliver , Violay Marie , Cavallo Andrea , Di Toro Giulio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRupture fronts can cause fault displacement, reaching speeds up to several ms−1 within a few milliseconds, at any distance away from the earthquake nucleation area. In the case of silicate-bearing rocks the abrupt slip acceleration results in melting at asperity contacts causing a large reduction in fault frictional strength (i.e., flash weakening). Flash weakening is also observed in experiments performed in carbonate-bearing rocks but evidence for melting is lacking. To unravel the micro-physical mechanisms associated with flash weakening in carbonates, experiments were conducted on pre-cut Carrara marble cylinders using a rotary shear apparatus at conditions relevant to earthquakes propagation. In the first 5 mm of slip the shear stress was reduced up to 30% and CO2 was released. Focused ion beam, scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations of the slipping zones reveal the presence of calcite nanograins and amorphous carbon. We interpret the CO2 release, the formation of nanograins and amorphous carbon to be the result of a shock-like stress release associated with the migration of fast-moving dislocations. Amorphous carbon, given its low friction coefficient, is responsible for flash weakening and promotes the propagation of the seismic rupture in carbonate-bearing fault patches.
Layers: A molecular surface peeling algorithm and its applications to analyze protein structures
Authors: Karampudi Naga Bhushana Rao , Bahadur Ranjit Prasad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present an algorithm ‘Layers’ to peel the atoms of proteins as layers. Using Layers we show an efficient way to transform protein structures into 2D pattern, named residue transition pattern (RTP), which is independent of molecular orientations. RTP explains the folding patterns of proteins and hence identification of similarity between proteins is simple and reliable using RTP than with the standard sequence or structure based methods. Moreover, Layers generates a fine-tunable coarse model for the molecular surface by using non-random sampling. The coarse model can be used for shape comparison, protein recognition and ligand design. Additionally, Layers can be used to develop biased initial configuration of molecules for protein folding simulations. We have developed a random forest classifier to predict the RTP of a given polypeptide sequence. Layers is a standalone application; however, it can be merged with other applications to reduce the computational load when working with large datasets of protein structures. Layers is available freely at http://www.csb.iitkgp.ernet.in/applications/mol_layers/main.
Human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets accelerate liver regeneration in mice
Authors: Itaba Noriko , Matsumi Yoshiaki , Okinaka Kaori , Ashla An Afida , Kono Yohei , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Morimoto Minoru , Sugiyama Naoyuki , Ohashi Kazuo , Okano Teruo , Shiota Goshi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cell therapy. Based on our hypothesis that suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signal enhances hepatic differentiation of human MSCs, we developed human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets by a small molecule compound. Screening of 10 small molecule compounds was performed by WST assay, TCF reporter assay and albumin mRNA expression. Consequently, hexachlorophene suppressed TCF reporter activity in time- and concentration-dependent manner. Hexachlorophene rapidly induced hepatic differentiation of human MSCs judging from expression of liver-specific genes and proteins, PAS staining and urea production. The effect of orthotopic transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets against acute liver injury was examined in one-layered to three-layered cell sheets system. Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cell-engineered hepatic cell sheets enhanced liver regeneration and suppressed liver injury. The survival rates of the mice were significantly improved. High expression of complement C3 and its downstream signals including C5a, NF-κB and IL-6/STAT-3 pathway was observed in hepatic cell sheets-grafted tissues. Expression of phosphorylated EGFR and thioredoxin is enhanced, resulting in reduction of oxidative stress. These findings suggest that orthotopic transplantation of hepatic cell sheets manufactured from MSCs accelerates liver regeneration through complement C3, EGFR and thioredoxin.
Dissipative solitons and backfiring in the electrooxidation of CO on Pt
Authors: Bauer Philipp R. , Bonnefont Antoine , Krischer Katharina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCollisions of excitation pulses in dissipative systems lead usually to their annihilation. In this paper, we report electrochemical experiments exhibiting more complex pulse interaction with collision survival and pulse splitting, phenomena that have rarely been observed experimentally and are only poorly understood theoretically. Using spatially resolved in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the attenuated total reflection configuration, we monitored reaction pulses during the electrochemical oxidation of CO on Pt thin film electrodes in a flow cell. The system forms quasi-1d pulses that align parallel to the flow and propagate perpendicular to it. The pulses split once in a while, generating a second solitary wave in the backward moving direction. Upon collision, the waves penetrate each other in a soliton-like manner. These unusual pulse dynamics could be reproduced with a 3-component reaction-diffusion-migration model with two inhibitor species, one of them exhibiting a long-range spatial coupling. The simulations shed light on existence criteria of such dissipative solitons.
APOE-ε4 selectively modulates posteromedial cortex activity during scene perception and short-term memory in young healthy adults
Authors: Shine J. P. , Hodgetts C. J. , Postans M. , Lawrence A. D. , Graham K. S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the mechanisms by which APOE-ε4 influences early-life brain function and hence, in turn, risk for later-life AD, are poorly understood. Here, we report a novel and selective, pattern of functional brain activity alteration in healthy young adult human APOE-ε4 carriers. Our findings suggest that APOE-ε4 may influence vulnerability to poorer later life cognitive health via its effect on posteromedial cortex (PMC), a hub region within a brain network involved in spatial processing and necessary for episodic memory. In two neuroimaging tasks, APOE-ε4 carriers showed an inability to effectively modulate PMC during scene, but not face and object, working memory and perception. This striking pattern overlaps both functionally and topographically, with the earliest cognitive deficits seen in clinical AD, as well as reported alterations in the default network in amyloid-positive individuals at increased risk of AD.
Construction of a high-density linkage map and fine mapping of QTL for growth in Asian seabass
Authors: Wang Le , Wan Zi Yi , Bai Bin , Huang Shu Qing , Chua Elaine , Lee May , Pang Hong Yan , Wen Yan Fei , Liu Peng , Liu Feng , Sun Fei , Lin Grace , Ye Bao Qing , Yue Gen Hua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA high-density genetic map is essential for comparative genomic studies and fine mapping of QTL and can also facilitate genome sequence assembly. Here, a high density genetic map of Asian seabass was constructed with 3321 SNPs generated by sequencing 144 individuals in a F2 family. The length of the map was 1577.67 cM with an average marker interval of 0.52 cM. A high level of genomic synteny among Asian seabass, European seabass, Nile tilapia and stickleback was detected. Using this map, one genome-wide significant and five suggestive QTL for growth traits were detected in six linkage groups (i.e. LG4, LG5, LG11, LG13, LG14 and LG15). These QTL explained 10.5–16.0% of phenotypic variance. A candidate gene, ACOX1 within the significant QTL on LG5 was identified. The gene was differentially expressed between fast- and slow-growing Asian seabass. The high-density SNP-based map provides an important tool for fine mapping QTL in molecular breeding and comparative genome analysis.
Inversion of Supramolecular Chirality by Sonication-Induced Organogelation
Authors: Maity Sibaprasad , Das Priyadip , Reches Meital 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNatural helical structures have inspired the formation of well-ordered peptide-based chiral nanostructures in vitro. These structures have drawn much attention owing to their diverse applications in the area of asymmetric catalysts, chiral photonic materials and nanoplasmonics. The self-assembly of two enantiomeric fluorinated aromatic dipeptides into ordered chiral fibrillar nanostructures upon sonication is described. These fibrils form organogels. Our results clearly indicate that fluorine-fluorine interactions play an important role in self-assembly. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that both peptides (peptides 1 and 2), containing two fluorines, depicted opposite cotton effects in their monomeric form compared with their aggregated form. This shows that supramolecular chirality inversion took place during the stimuli-responsive self-aggregation process. Conversely, peptide 3, containing one fluorine, did not exhibit chirality inversion in sonication-induced organogelation. Therefore, our results clearly indicate that fluorination plays an important role in the organogelation process of these aromatic dipeptides. Our findings may have broad implications regarding the design of chiral nanostructures for possible applications such as chiroptical switches, asymmetric catalysis and chiral recognitions.
Facile room-temperature synthesis of carboxylated graphene oxide-copper sulfide nanocomposite with high photodegradation and disinfection activities under solar light irradiation
Authors: Yu Shuyan , Liu Jincheng , Zhu Wenyu , Hu Zhong-Ting , Lim Teik-Thye , Yan Xiaoli 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCarboxylic acid functionalized graphene oxide-copper (II) sulfide nanoparticle composite (GO-COOH-CuS) was prepared from carboxylated graphene oxide and copper precursor in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by a facile synthesis process at room temperature. The high-effective combination, the interaction between GO-COOH sheets and CuS nanoparticles and the enhanced visible light absorption were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The as-synthesized GO-COOH-CuS nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance of phenol and rhodamine B, high antibacterial activity toward E. coli and B. subtilis and good recovery and reusability. The influence of CuS content, the synergistic reaction between CuS and GO-COOH and the charge-transfer mechanism were systematically investigated. The facile and low-energy synthesis process combined with the excellent degradation and antibacterial performance signify that the GO-COOH-CuS has a great potential for water treatment application.