bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foldback reflectors near methane hydrate bottom‐simulating reflectors: Indicators of gas distribution from 3D seismic images in the eastern Nankai Trough
Authors: Otsuka Hironori , Morita Sumito , Tanahashi Manabu , Ashi Juichiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnderstanding of fluid behavior and gas distribution in the shallow subsurface are important considerations in gas hydrate formation and the global carbon cycle. Estimation of gas distribution based on reflection seismic surveys, however, is difficult because the boundary of a gas‐bearing zone is indistinct and not systematically defined. This study reports distinctive features related to gas‐hydrate distribution and possible fluid migration in high‐resolution 3D seismic‐reflection data from sediments of the eastern Nankai Trough. These features, here termed foldback reflectors (FBRs), descend in accordion shaped reflectors near the edges of bottom‐simulating reflectors (BSRs). FBRs generally correspond to lateral boundaries between two seismic facies, a ‘dimmed’ facies with relatively low amplitude and subdued high‐frequency components beneath the BSR and the contrasting facies around the BSR. The dimmed facies corresponds to areas of anomalously low velocity consistent with a small amount of free gas. FBR is mostly developed in well‐stratified formations in uplifted regions. Dip directions of the FBR appear to be restricted by orientation of the host formations. Edges of the FBR often correspond to high‐amplitude layers. Such occurrences of FBR suggest that regional uplift and layer‐parallel fluid migration are related to the formation of FBR as well as BSR.
Tectonic reconstruction of batholith formation based on the spatiotemporal distribution of Cretaceous–Paleogene granitic rocks in southwestern Japan
Authors: Iida Kazuya , Iwamori Hikaru , Orihashi Yuji , Park Taeho , Jwa Yong‐Joo , Kwon Sung‐Tack , Danhara Tohru , Iwano Hideki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe spatiotemporal distribution of Cretaceous–Paleogene granitic rocks in southwestern Japan is investigated to understand the origin of the granitic batholith belt and to reconstruct the tectonic setting of emplacement. New U–Pb zircon ages for 92 samples collected from a region measuring 50 km (E–W) by 200 km (N–S) reveals a stepwise northward younging of granitic rocks aged between 95 and 30 Ma with an age‐data gap between 60 and 48 Ma. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution of granite ages, we examine two plausible models to explain the pattern of magmatic activity: (i) subduction of a segmented spreading ridge and subsequent slab melting (ridge‐subduction model), and (ii) subduction with a temporally variable subduction angle and corresponding spatial distribution of normal arc magmatism (subduction angle model). We optimize the model parameters to fit the observed magmatism in time and space, and compare the best‐fit models. As to ridge subduction model, the best‐fit solution indicates that the spreading ridge started to subduct at approximately 100 Ma, and involved a 45‐km‐wide section of the ridge segment, a subduction obliquity of 30°, and a slow migration velocity (∼1.6 cm/y) of the ridge. These values are within the ranges of velocities observed for present‐day ridge subduction at the Chile trench. On the other hand, the best‐fit solution of subduction angle model indicates that the subduction angle decreases stepwise from 37° at 95 Ma, 32° at 87 Ma, 22° at 72 Ma, to 20° at 65 Ma, shifting magmatic region towards the continental side. These results and comparison, together with constraints on the geometry of the tectonic setting provided by previous studies, suggest that the ridge subduction model better explains the limited duration of magmatism, although both models broadly fit the data and cannot be ruled out.
Extensive normal faulting during exhumation revealed by the spatial variation of phengite K–Ar ages in the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks, central Shikoku, SW Japan
Authors: Takeshita Toru , Yagi Koshi , Gouzu Chitaro , Hyodo Hironobu , Itaya Tetsumaru 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMetamorphic rocks experience change in the mode of deformation from ductile flow to brittle failure during their exhumation. We investigated the spatial variation of phengite K–Ar ages of pelitic schist of the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks (sensu lato) from the Saruta River area, central Shikoku, to evaluate if those ages are disturbed by faults or not. As a result, we found that these ages change by ca 5 my across the two boundaries between the lower‐garnet and albite–biotite, and the albite–biotite and upper‐garnet zones. These spatial changes in phengite K–Ar ages were perhaps caused by truncation of the metamorphic layers by large‐scale normal faulting at D2 phase under the brittle‐ductile transition conditions (ca 300°C) during exhumation, because an actinolite rock was formed along a fault near the former boundary. Assuming that the horizontal metamorphic layers and a previously estimated exhumation rate of 1 km/my before the D2 phase, the change of 5 my in phengite K–Ar ages is converted to a displacement of about 10 km along the north‐dipping, low‐angle normal fault documented in the previous study. Phengite 40Ar–39Ar ages (ca 85 to 78 Ma) in the actinolite rock could be reasonably comparable to the phengite K–Ar ages of the surrounding non‐faulted pelitic schist, because the K–Ar ages of pelitic schist could have been also reset at temperatures close to the brittle–ductile transition conditions far below the closure temperature for thermal retention of argon in phengite (about 500–600°C).
Dating of altered mafic intrusions by applying a zircon fission track thermochronometer to baked country rock, and implications for the timing of volcanic activity during the opening of the Japan Sea
Authors: Hoshi Hiroyuki , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Iwata Naoyoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOnce a mafic intrusive rock has become altered, it is generally difficult to obtain a reliable intrusion age using conventional isotopic dating methods. To overcome this problem, this study used zircon fission track (ZFT) thermochronometry to determine the timing of crystallization of altered mafic intrusions. ZFT dating was carried out on samples of baked granite country rock adjacent to dolerite dikes (5–10 m thick) in the Takato area of central Japan. Three granite samples collected within 8 mm of a dike contact yielded consistent ZFT ages of 17–16 Ma, with confined track lengths indicative of the complete annealing of pre‐existing tracks by reheating due to dike intrusion. An older ZFT age was obtained for one granite sample collected within 20 mm of the contact, but confined track length measurements indicate that this is an incompletely reset age that lies between the ZFT age of the unbaked granitic country rocks (ca. 55 Ma) and the emplacement age of the dike. Petrographic examinations suggest that post‐intrusion hydrothermal activity did not influence the ZFT ages. We conclude that the 17–16 Ma ZFT age represents the emplacement age of the dikes. Our results show that ZFT dating of baked country rock is an effective tool for dating altered mafic intrusions, for which other dating techniques are not applicable. In the eastern part of Southwest Japan, dispersed volcanic activity occurred in the late Early to early Middle Miocene (18–15 Ma), and the volcanic belt extended into the forearc. This pulse of activity was possibly related to the injection of asthenospheric material into the trench‐side mantle wedge beneath the Japan arc. We also present young apatite fission track ages (ca. 4 Ma) that may reflect a Middle Miocene or later thermal event associated with local magmatic activity near the Takato area.
CEO Risk‐Taking Incentives and the Cost of Equity Capital
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Truong Cameron , Veeraraghavan Madhu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the sensitivities of an executive's wealth to changes in stock prices (deltas) decrease the implied cost of equity capital while the sensitivities of an executive's wealth to changes in stock volatility (vegas) increase the implied cost of equity capital. Our findings demonstrate that shareholders understand the risks of firms’ future projects as embedded in executive compensation and price these risks into the cost of equity capital accordingly. The findings have strong implications for optimal executive compensation contract design, project evaluation and cost of capital estimation.
Factors Associated with Incomplete Bladder Emptying in Older Women with Overactive Bladder Symptoms
Authors: Park Jeongok , Palmer Mary H. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with incomplete bladder emptying in older women with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.DesignRetrospective medical records review.SettingUrodynamic laboratory at a large academic health care system in the southeast United States.ParticipantsMedical records from women aged 65 and older who presented to clinic with OAB symptoms and who had completed outpatient urodynamic testing (N = 203).MeasurementsThree cutoff values of postvoid residual (PVR) volume (100, 150, 200 mL) were created a priori to classify incomplete bladder emptying. Age; vaginal parity; diabetes mellitus (DM); and a history of cerebrovascular accident, back surgery or injury, pelvic surgery, anti‐urinary incontinence surgery, and pelvic organ prolapse were included in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine factors associated with incomplete bladder emptying.ResultsWhen PVR volume of 200 mL or greater was used to define incomplete bladder emptying, history of back surgery or injury (odds ratio (OR) = 4.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–15.91) and pelvic surgery (OR = 4.42, 95% CI = 1.51–12.95) were significantly associated with incomplete bladder emptying in multivariate analysis. No factors were significantly associated with PVR volumes of 100 mL or greater or 150 mL or greater.ConclusionPVR volumes should be assessed in older women with OAB symptoms and a history of back surgery or injury or pelvic surgery, especially before the administration of antimuscarinic medications. Caution in interpreting these findings is needed because PVR volumes obtained from pressure‐flow studies may differ from those obtained from natural voiding. Lack of data on medications that can contribute to incomplete bladder emptying and the small number of women with cerebrovascular accident, back surgery or injury, and DM may have influenced the results.
Measurement equivalence of a safety climate scale across multiple trucking companies
Authors: Lee Jin , Huang Yueng‐hsiang , Murphy Lauren A. , Robertson Michelle M. , Garabet Angela 
Published: July 2015

To promote and establish a safe environment in an organization, it is critical to get an accurate measurement and understanding of employees’ safety climate perceptions. The goals of the current study were (1) to assess the measurement equivalence (ME) of the safety climate scale for mobile lone workers developed by Huang et al. (2013, Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav., 17, 5) across different trucking companies with different managerial and safety practices and (2) to adopt confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)‐based and item response theory (IRT)‐based ME testing techniques that allow for more reliable measurement of important psychological safety constructs and accurate use of the measure. ME refers to the extent to which scales or items have the same measurement implications, such as factor structure of the scale, amount of explained variance with the scale constructs, and item functioning parameters from IRT framework, and are interchangeable across measurement situations. Based on the shared mental model theory, social learning theory, and social exchange theory, ME of safety climate was examined across the eight trucking companies recruited in the Huang et al.'s study. A CFA‐based linear approach and an IRT‐based nonlinear approach were used. Results supported that the safety climate scale items and measurement constructs have consistent meaning across different trucking companies, and the safety climate scores based on the scales can be used for the comparison of safety climate levels across multiple trucking companies as well as safety climate interventions.Practitioner points

Generalizability of psychological measurement tools, such as safety climate scales, can be examined with ME analysis based on CFA and IRT frameworks.

Measurement equivalence of the trucking industry‐specific safety climate scale (Huang et al., 2013) was supported across multiple trucking companies, indicating that there may be common features of safety climate dimensions that are particularly relevant to the trucking industry.

The trucking industry‐specific safety climate scale can be used to gauge the level of safety climate within a given trucking company and to make cross‐company comparisons.
Opal‐A in the Nakhla meteorite: A tracer of ephemeral liquid water in the Amazonian crust of Mars
Authors: Lee M. R. , MacLaren I. , Andersson S. M. L. , Kovács A. , Tomkinson T. , Mark D. F. , Smith C. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe nakhlite meteorites are clinopyroxenites that are derived from a ~1300 million year old sill or lava flow on Mars. Most members of the group contain veins of iddingsite whose main component is a fine‐grained and hydrous Fe‐ and Mg‐rich silicate. Siderite is present in the majority of veins, where it straddles or cross‐cuts the Fe‐Mg silicate. This carbonate also contains patches of ferric (oxy)hydroxide. Despite 40 years of investigation, the mineralogy and origins of the Fe‐Mg silicate is poorly understood, as is the paragenesis of the iddingsite veins. Nanometer‐scale analysis of Fe‐Mg silicate in the Nakhla meteorite by electron and X‐ray imaging and spectroscopy reveals that its principal constituents are nanoparticles of opal‐A. This hydrous and amorphous phase precipitated from acidic solutions that had become supersaturated with respect to silica by dissolution of olivine. Each opal‐A nanoparticle is enclosed within a ferrihydrite shell that formed by oxidation of iron that had also been liberated from the olivine. Siderite crystallized subsequently and from solutions that were alkaline and reducing, and replaced both the nanoparticles and olivine. The fluids that formed both the opal‐A/ferrihydrite and the siderite were sourced from one or more reservoirs in contact with the Martian atmosphere. The last event recorded by the veins was alteration of the carbonate to a ferric (oxy)hydroxide that probably took place on Mars, although a terrestrial origin remains possible. These results support findings from orbiter‐ and rover‐based spectroscopy that opaline silica was a common product of aqueous alteration of the Martian crust.
STORY AND HISTORY IN FETAL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH
Authors: Brakke Karen 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn their monograph, DiPietro, Costigan, and Voegtline present an important and thoughtful portrait of low‐risk fetal development during the last trimester of gestation, and they also pay tribute to the Fels Longitudinal Study investigators' early work in this area. In this commentary, the history and legacy of the Fels Institute is further explored within the broader context of fetal research, and DiPietro et al.'s findings are placed in alignment with contemporary dynamic systems’ theoretical approaches that emphasize longitudinal analysis of emergent behavior and process during early development. The commentary puts forth the assertion that the work reported by DiPietro and her colleagues tells a story that sets the stage for a new generation of technology‐enhanced and culturally expanded investigations of fetal behavior.
Husserl and the Problem of Abstract Objects
Authors: Duke George , Woelert Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOne major difficulty confronting attempts to clarify the epistemological and ontological status of abstract objects is determining the sense, if any, in which such entities may be characterised as mind and language independent. Our contention is that the tolerant reductionist position of Michael Dummett can be strengthened by drawing on Husserl's mature account of the constitution of ideal objects and mathematical objectivity. According to the Husserlian position we advocate, abstract singular terms pick out weakly mind‐independent sedimented meaning‐contents. These meaning‐contents serve as the ‘thin’ referents of abstract singular terms, but are ultimately founded in prior acts of meaning‐constitution.
The Composite Nature of Epistemic Justification
Authors: Silva Paul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAccording to many, to have epistemic justification to believe P is just for it to be epistemicallypermissibleto believe P. Others think it is for believing P to be epistemicallygood. Yet others think it has to do with being epistemicallyblamelessin believing P. All such views of justification encounter problems. Here, a new view of justification is proposed according to which justification is a kind of composite normative status. The result is a view of justification that offers hope of solving some longstanding epistemological problems.
Effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy for somatoform pain disorder patients in Japan: A preliminary non‐case‐control study
Authors: Yoshino Atsuo , Okamoto Yasumasa , Doi Mitsuru , Horikoshi Masaru , Oshita Kyoko , Nakamura Ryuji , Otsuru Naofumi , Yoshimura Shinpei , Tanaka Keisuke , Takagaki Koki , Jinnin Ran , Yamashita Hidehisa , Kawamoto Masashi , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: July 2015

AimsSomatoform pain disorder is associated with psychosocial dysfunction, and psychotherapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), are thought to provide useful interventions to address such dysfunction as well as the pain itself. However, little is known about whether CBT for somatoform pain disorder is effective, including the long‐term course of the illness, in non‐Western populations. We therefore tailored such a program based on an existing CBT protocol and examined its effectiveness in Japan.MethodsThirty‐four Japanese participants (22 women; mean age = 52.5 years) enrolled in a weekly 12‐session group treatment, with 32 completing both wait‐list and treatment conditions. The primary outcome measure was pain intensity. Secondary outcome measures included pain characteristics, as measured by pain catastrophizing and psychometric evaluations, including depression, anxiety, and quality of life. The patients were followed up for 12 months after treatment.ResultsWe found that pain intensity, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and social functioning all significantly improved after treatment compared with the wait‐list period, and the improvements in pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and social functioning were sustained at 12 months following the completion of CBT. There were strong positive correlations (P < 0.01) among pre‐ and post‐treatment changes in the affective dimension of pain, depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing.ConclusionsThese results show that the present CBT program was effective for Japanese patients with somatoform pain disorder and that gains were maintained over the long term. More work is needed to further clarify the effects of CBT interventions on somatoform symptoms, particularly in Japan.
Clinical manifestations of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Clinical utility of the Chinese‐version Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionaire‐18
Authors: Huang Yu‐Shu , Hwang Fang‐Ming , Lin Cheng‐Hui , Lee Li‐Ang , Huang Po‐Yu , Chiu Szu‐Tzu 
Published: July 2015

AimsChildhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) affects not only the children's physical health, but also their mental development, behavioral problems and learning difficulties. Therefore, an early diagnosis is important. However, the assessment tools of polysomnography are demanding. The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionnaire‐18 (OSA‐18) is designed to screen OSA and has good reliability and validity. The goal of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the OSA‐18, to analyze the frequency of symptoms and find the most common symptoms of OSA in Taiwanese children.MethodsWe validated the OSA‐18 in an ethnic Chinese group and compared the treatment outcomes to show the sensitivity of the questionnaire. The caregivers completed the questionnaire twice at an interval of 4 weeks to test reliability. In the validation study, we included 88 OSA children. The OSA‐18 and follow‐up polysomnography were performed before and 6 months after adenotonsillectomy.ResultsResults showed the excellent test–retest reliability (r = 0.84**) of the OSA‐18. There was a statistically significant correlation between the OSA‐18 and, respectively, the Apnea–Hypopnea Index (r = 0.29*), and the Hypopnea Index (r = 0.29*). Quality of life showed a significant correlation with the Apnea Index (r = 0.43**), central apnea count (r = 0.50***), and mixed apnea count (r = 0.36*). The cut‐off point of the OSA‐18 total scores for detecting pediatric OSA in children aged 6–12 years was 66. The common symptoms of pediatric OSA were poor attention span, loud snoring, caregiver worried about child's health, difficulty awakening, and mouth breathing.ConclusionsOur results show that the Chinese version of the OSA‐18 is a reliable and valid instrument. The questionnaire also showed improvement in the quality of life of OSA children post‐adenotonsillectomy.
Molecular cloning, developmental expression and tissue distribution of diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in the bamboo borer Omphisa fuscidentalis
Authors: Suang Suphawan , Manaboon Manaporn , Chantawannakul Panuwan , Singtripop Tippawan , Hiruma Kiyoshi , Kaneko Yu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDiapause, an arrested period of post‐embryonic development in insects, is under the control of hormonal interactions. In the bamboo borer Omphisa fuscidentalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), larvae remain in diapause for as long as 9 months during the dry season, from September to the following June, although the factors that regulate larval diapause are poorly understood. The present study describes the cloning and expression analysis of the diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (DH‐PBAN) precursor of O. fuscidentalis (Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN cDNA), aiming to reveal how it may be involved regulating larval diapause in this species in combination with environmental factors. The open reading frame (ORF) of the cDNA encodes a 199‐amino acid precursor protein that contains DH, PBAN and three other neuropeptides, all of which share a conservative C‐terminal pentapeptide motif FXPR/KL (X = G, T or S). The Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN is highly similar (74%) to the DH‐PBAN of the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata). A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction reveals that Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN mRNA is expressed only in neural tissues and that expression is highest in the suboesophageal ganglion. In addition, the expression level of Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN mRNA in the suboesophageal ganglion is consistently high during the fifth larval instar, increasing moderately in early diapause before reaching a peak during late diapause. After pupation, expression of the Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN precursor decreases to a low level. In addition to endocrine factors, the results demonstrate that photoperiod increases the expression level of Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN mRNA in larval diapause. These results also suggest that the expression of the Ompfu‐DH‐PBAN gene correlates with larval diapause development and may be activated by photoperiod in O. fuscidentalis.