bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of physical activity interventions on preventing weight gain and the effects on body composition in young adults with intellectual disabilities: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Harris L. , Hankey C. , Murray H. , Melville C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the literature on randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of physical activity interventions to prevent weight gain and the effects on body composition in young adults with intellectual disabilities.A systematic search of Medline, Emabse, CINHAL, PsychINFO, Cochrane library and ERIC was conducted from 1946 to September 2014. Eligibility criteria included; randomized controlled trials of a physical activity intervention: objective measure of body weight and body composition; young adults (age range 16–24 years) with intellectual disabilities. Six studies met the eligibility criteria. The interventions varied in their prescription of physical activity including aerobic and strength‐based activities. The mean duration of the interventions was 15.3 (range 10–21 weeks). There was no significant effect of physical activity interventions on body weight (weighted mean difference: −0.17 kg, 95% confidence interval, −1.04 kg to 0.72 kg) and body composition outcomes. The meta‐analysis showed that physical activity interventions did not prevent weight gain in young adults with intellectual disabilities. Published studies are inadequate to form firm conclusions. Future longer term studies of interventions specifically designed for this population group are required to elucidate the effects of physical activity interventions on body composition and the prevention of weight gain in young adults with intellectual disabilities.
5As Team obesity intervention in primary care: development and evaluation of shared decision‐making weight management tools
Authors: Osunlana A. M. , Asselin J. , Anderson R. , Ogunleye A. A. , Cave A. , Sharma A. M. , Campbell‐Scherer D. L. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDespite several clinical practice guidelines, there remains a considerable gap in prevention and management of obesity in primary care. To address the need for changing provider behaviour, a randomized controlled trial with convergent mixed method evaluation, the 5As Team (5AsT) study, was conducted. As part of the 5AsT intervention, the 5AsT tool kit was developed. This paper describes the development process and evaluation of these tools. Tools were co‐developed by the multidisciplinary research team and the 5AsT, which included registered nurses/nurse practitioners (n = 15), mental health workers (n = 7) and registered dieticians (n = 7), who were previously randomized to the 5AsT intervention group at a primary care network in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The 5AsT tool development occurred through a practice/implementation‐oriented, need‐based, iterative process during learning collaborative sessions of the 5AsT intervention. Feedback during tool development was received through field notes and final provider evaluation was carried out through anonymous questionnaires. Twelve tools were co‐developed with 5AsT. All tools were evaluated as either ‘most useful’ or ‘moderately useful’ in primary care practice by the 5AsT. Four key findings during 5AsT tool development were the need for: tools that were adaptive, tools to facilitate interdisciplinary practice, tools to help patients understand realistic expectations for weight loss and shared decision‐making tools for goal setting and relapse prevention. The 5AsT tools are primary care tools which extend the utility of the 5As of obesity management framework in clinical practice.
What do dental students know about trauma?
Authors: AlZoubi Fahad , Mannocci Francesco , Newton Tim , Manoharan Andiappan , Djemal Serpil 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the baseline knowledge, knowledge acquisition and retention of dental undergraduate students in dental trauma, and the impact of a lecture on their level of confidence in managing traumatic dental injuries.Material and methodsA total of 145 dental undergraduate students from King's College London were invited to attend a lecture on dental trauma. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on dental trauma before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months (T2) following a 1‐h lecture.ResultsSeventy of the 145 students participated in the study. The level of knowledge at T0, T1 and T2 was 64.9%, 83.2% and 69.5%, respectively. The increase in score was statistically significant between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2. A significant decrease in score was also found between T1 and T2. Sex, level of education and whether or not the participants received previous teaching in dental trauma were not significant in predicting a change in score. The level of confidence increased significantly from 2.14 at T0 to 3.13 at T2. Participants who received teaching in dental trauma previous to the lecture were significantly more confident at T0.ConclusionsLectures are effective at improving the knowledge and retention of knowledge of dental undergraduate students in dental trauma. However, retention of the knowledge is time limited suggesting that education should be repeated after a certain period of time to ensure that a high level of knowledge is maintained.
To Be or Not to Be Patent: The Relationship Between Migraine and Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Kahya Eren Nihan , Bülbül Nazlı G. , Yakar Tülüce Selcen , Nazlı Cem , Beckmann Yeşim 
Published: June 2015

Objective/BackgroundMigraine is a common neurological disorder with an uncertain pathogenesis. A pathophysiological link has been proposed between the migraine headache and patent foramen ovale (PFO). However, the data about the association of migraine with the presence of PFO are conflicting. The study aims to prospectively investigate the prevalence of PFO in patients with migraine compared with that of control subjects.MethodsA total of 203 migraineous patients and 212 control subjects with similar demographic characteristics to that of case subjects regarding age and gender were included in the study. Transthoracic echocardiography with agitated saline injection was used to evaluate the presence of PFO. PFO was judged to be present if any microbubble was seen in the left cardiac chambers within the first 5 cardiac cycles from the maximum right atrial opacification at rest or after provocative maneuvers.ResultsMean age of the patients was 37.2 ± 9.8 years and 93% were female. Migraine with aura was present in 32% (n = 65) of the patients. The prevalence of PFO was similar in patients with migraine and the control subjects (42% vs 44%; odds ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.61‐1.33, P = .61). Likewise, the prevalence of PFO was similar in migraineurs patients with or without aura (41% vs 42%; odds ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.51‐1.76, P = .87).ConclusionThis study suggest that PFO is not more common in patients with migraine compared with healthy subjects. Therefore, our findings suggest that the relationship between migraine headache and the presence of PFO is questionable.
Liver toxicity and risk of discontinuation in HIV/hepatitis C virus‐coinfected patients receiving an etravirine‐containing antiretroviral regimen: influence of liver fibrosis
Authors: Casado JL , Mena A , Bañón S , Castro A , Quereda C , Moreno A , Pedreira J , Moreno S 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to establish the risk of liver toxicity in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐coinfected patients receiving etravirine, according to the degree of liver fibrosis.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 211 HIV‐infected patients initiating an etravirine‐containing regimen was carried out. HCV coinfection was defined as a positive HCV RNA test, and baseline liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography. Hepatotoxicity was defined as clinical symptoms, or an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value > 5‐fold higher than the upper limit of normal if baseline values were normal, or 3.5‐fold higher if values were altered at baseline.ResultsOverall, 145 patients (69%) were HCV coinfected, with a lower nadir (165 versus 220 cells/μL, respectively; p = 0.03) and baseline (374 versus 498 cells/μL, respectively; p = 0.04) CD4 count than monoinfected patients. Etravirine was mainly used with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (129; 61%) or with a boosted protease inhibitor (PI) (28%), with no significant differences according to HCV serostatus. Transient elastography in 117 patients (81%) showed a median (range) stiffness value of 8.25 (3.5–69) kPa, with fibrosis stage 1 in 43 patients (37%) and fibrosis stage 4 in 28 patients (24%). During an accumulated follow‐up time of 449.3 patient‐years (median 548 days), only one patient with advanced fibrosis (50.8 kPa) had grade 3–4 liver toxicity (0.7%). Transaminases changed slightly, with no significant differences compared with baseline fibrosis, and nine and six patients had grade 1 and 2 transaminase increases, respectively. Also, HCV coinfection was not associated with a higher risk of discontinuation (25% discontinued versus 21% of monoinfected patients; p = 0.39, log‐rank test) or virological failure (8% versus 12%, respectively; p = 0.4).ConclusionsOur data suggest that etravirine is a safe option for HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients, including those with significant liver fibrosis.
Development of fermented Hericium erinaceus juice with high content of L‐glutamine and L‐glutamic acid
Authors: Woraharn Sasimar , Lailerd Narissara , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Wangcharoen Wiwat , Peerajan Sartjin , Sirisattha Sophon , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat 
Published: June 2015

SummaryFermented plant beverages (FPB) with a high content of desirable principle components are served as functional foods from several years. Hericium erinaceus is famous for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic nature. Accordingly, the current study was aimed to produce fermented H. erinaceus juice with a high content of L‐glutamine (Gln) and L‐glutamic acid (GA) through lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented Thai foods. LAB isolates were screened and identified the potent protease‐producing bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (G414/1) that facilitate the production of Gln and GA through protein hydrolysis. Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were adapted for the optimisation of conditions for the increased production of Gln and GA during fermentation of H. erinaceus. We succeeded with an optimum concentration of cofactor (CaCl2), pH and temperature for improved protease activity and subsequent Gln and GA production. The ability of isolated E. faecalis strain to produce Gln and GA was demonstrated in this study. Further, upstream processes like strain improvement and media optimisation will direct the way to produce enriched H. erinaceus based FPB.
Protective effect of advanced age on post‐ERCP pancreatitis and unplanned hospitalisation
Authors: Maitin‐Casalis N. , Neeman T. , Thomson A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAs the median age of Australia's population rises, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is becoming increasingly used in the elderly. However, ERCP remains associated with serious complications including post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), which often necessitate unplanned hospital admission. Although previous research has demonstrated a protective effect of age against PEP, inconsistencies have arisen in recent studies. In addition to age, post‐ERCP complication rates have been previously shown to be affected by various factors including longer procedure duration and high‐risk indications.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the rates of PEP and unplanned hospital admission or prolongation of hospital stay (UHAP) across age groups and their relation to procedure duration and indication.MethodsProspective analysis of 1284 consecutive ERCP on patients aged 20–101 years performed at a tertiary referral centre.ResultsAdvanced age (>80 years) was associated with a significantly lower risk of both PEP (P = 0.02) and UHAP (P < 0.05) compared with patients aged 50–79 years. Rates of PEP and UHAP differed significantly according to indication (P < 0.01) and longer procedure duration similarly increased the risk of both complications (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences between age groups in terms of the proportion of patients with ‘high‐risk’ indications. Importantly, age remained a significant negative predictor of PEP even after adjusting for procedure duration (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe protective effect of age against PEP and UHAP is not due to confounding by high‐risk indications or increased procedure duration. ERCP may be a relatively safe option for our growing cohort of elderly patients.
Shock Compression of Boron Carbide: A Quantum Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Taylor DeCarlos E. 
Published: June 2015

The shock Hugoniot of boron carbide, from 0 to 80 GPa, has been obtained using first principles quantum mechanics (density functional theory) and molecular dynamics simulation. The Hugoniot for six different structures which vary by structure or stoichiometry were computed and compared to experimental data. The effect of stoichiometry, and structural variation within a given stoichiometry, are shown to have marked effects on the shock properties with some compositions displaying bilinear behavior in the computed shock velocity‐particle velocity profiles while others show a continuous Hugoniot curve with no evidence of a phase transition over the pressure range considered in this work. Two structures, B12(CBC) and B11Cp(CCB), have predicted phase transition pressures lying within the 40–50 GPa range suggested experimentally. It is shown that the phase transition is driven by deformation of the 3‐atom chain within the boron carbide crystal structure which induces a discontinuous volume change at the critical shock pressure. The effect of defects, in the form of chain vacancies, on the shock response is presented and the ability of shear to significantly lower the phase transition pressure, in accord with experimental observation, is demonstrated.
Defining attributes of patient safety through a concept analysis
Authors: Kim Linda , Lyder Courtney H. , McNeese‐Smith Donna , Leach Linda Searle , Needleman Jack 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to report an analysis of the concept of patient safety.BackgroundDespite recent increase in the number of work being done to clarify the concept and standardize measurement of patient safety, there are still huge variations in how the term is conceptualized and how to measure patient safety data across various healthcare settings and in research.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesA literature search was conducted through PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Plus using the terms ‘patient safety’ in the title and ‘concept analysis,’ ‘attributes’ or ‘definition’ in the title and or abstract. All English language literature published between 2002–2014 were considered for the review.MethodsWalker and Avant's method guided this analysis.ResultsThe defining attributes of patient safety include prevention of medical errors and avoidable adverse events, protection of patients from harm or injury and collaborative efforts by individual healthcare providers and a strong, well‐integrated healthcare system. The application of Collaborative Alliance of Nursing Outcomes indicators as empirical referents would facilitate the measurement of patient safety.ConclusionWith the knowledge gained from this analysis, nurses may improve patient surveillance efforts that identify potential hazards before they become adverse events and have a stronger voice in health policy decision‐making that influence implementation efforts aimed at promoting patient safety, worldwide. Further studies are needed on development of a conceptual model and framework that can aid with collection and measurement of standardized patient safety data.
Normative Empire Europe: The European Union, its Borderlands, and the ‘Arab Spring’
Authors: Del Sarto Raffaella A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFocusing on the EU's relations with its periphery, this paper takes issue both with persistent ‘normative’ conceptions of the EU's international role in the European Studies literature and with the constructivist–rationalist divide in IR theory. The conceptualization of the EU – a vast, composite and ever‐expanding entity with ‘fuzzy’ borders – as an empire of sorts bridges the theoretical divide and offers a powerful explanation of the EU's behaviour vis‐à‐vis its vicinity. Through the transfer of rules and practices beyond its borders, the EU is indeed engaged in ‘normative’ policies, which however primarily serve the security and economic interests of the EU and its Member States. Thus, the EU's (allegedly) norm‐based behaviour is in itself a utility‐maximizing strategy, which also serves the construction of a normative identity. The EU's response to the Arab uprisings serves to illustrate the argument, with the concept of ‘empire’ resolving the puzzle of seemingly inconsistent EU policies.
Ingestion of food pellets containing Escherichia coli overexpressing the heat‐shock protein DnaK protects Penaeus vannamei (Boone) against Vibrio harveyi (Baumann) infection
Authors: Sinnasamy S , Mat Noordin N , MacRae T H , Ikhwanuddin bin Abdullah M , Bossier P , bin Abdul Wahid M E , Noriaki A , Sung Y Y 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFeeding aquatic animals with bacterial encapsulated heat‐shock proteins (Hsps) is potentially a new method to combat vibriosis, an important disease affecting aquatic animals used in aquaculture. Food pellets comprised of shrimp and containing Escherichia coli overexpressing either DnaK‐DnaJ‐GrpE, the prokaryotic equivalents of Hsp70‐Hsp40‐Hsp20, or only DnaK were fed to juveniles of the white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei, and protection against pathogenic Vibrio harveyi was determined. Maintaining pellets at different temperatures for varying lengths of time reduced the number of live adhering E. coli, as did contact with sea water, demonstrating that storage and immersion adversely affected bacterial survival and attachment to pellets. Feeding P. vannamei with E. coli did not compromise their survival, indicating that the bacteria were not pathogenic to shrimp. Feeding P. vannamei with pellets containing bacteria overproducing DnaK (approximately 60 cells g−1 pellets) boosted P. vannamei survival twofold against V. harveyi, suggesting that DnaK plays a role in Vibrio tolerance. Pellets containing DnaK were effective in providing protection to P. vannamei for up to 2 weeks before loss of viability and that DnaK encapsulated by these bacteria enhanced shrimp resistance against Vibrio infection.
Experiences of care by Australians with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Lawn S. , McMahon J. 
Published: June 2015

Accessible summary
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex and challenging mental health condition for the person and service providers who support them.
This paper reports on the results of a survey of 153 people with a diagnosis of BPD about their experiences of attempting to receive support in managing this mental health condition. It provides their perceptions of a range of experiences not reported in the existing literature, including general practitioner roles, urban and rural differences, public and private hospital differences, and comparison of usefulness of support across multiple support types.
People with a diagnosis of BPD continue to experience significant discrimination when attempting to get their needs met within both public and private health services. Further education for nurses and other health professionals is indicated to address pervasive negative attitudes towards people with a diagnosis of BPD.
AbstractThere is limited understanding of the experience of seeking and receiving treatment and care by people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD), their perceptions of barriers to care and the quality of services they receive. This study aimed to explore these experiences from the perspective of Australians with this diagnosis. An invitation to participate in an online survey was distributed across multiple consumer and carer organizations and mental health services, by the Private Mental Health Consumer Carer Network (Australia) in 2011. Responses from 153 people with a diagnosis of BPD showed that they experience significant challenges and discrimination when attempting to get their needs met within both public and private health services, including general practice. Seeking help from hospital emergency departments during crises was particularly challenging. Metropolitan and rural differences, and gender differences, were also apparent. Community supports were perceived as inadequate to meet their needs. This study provides data on a range of experiences not reported in existing literature, including general practitioner roles, urban and rural differences, public and private hospital differences, and comparison of usefulness of support across multiple support types. Its findings can help inform better training for health professionals and better care for this population.
Effect of replacing corn with whole‐grain paddy rice and brown rice in broiler diets on growth performance and intestinal morphology
Authors: Sittiya J. , Yamauchi K. , Takata K. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe present study was conducted to investigate replacing corn with whole‐grain paddy rice (WPR) and whole–grain brown rice (BR) in broiler chicken diets and its effect on growth performance and histological structures of the intestinal villi. Marshall Chunky male chicks (14 days old) were divided into five groups with four replicates of four chicks each. In the dietary treatments, corn in the basal diet was replaced with WPR and BR. The chickens received five experimental diets consisting of corn, WPR and BR in ratios of 100:0:0 (Control), 50:0:50 (50Corn + 50BR), 50:25:25 (50Corn + 25WPR + 25BR), 25:50:25 (25Corn + 50WPR + 25BR) and 0:50:50 (50WPR + 50BR) respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 35 day. No significant differences were found in feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency among the treatment groups. The relative weights of the gizzard in the 50Corn + 25WPR + 25BR, 25Corn + 50WPR + 25BR and 50WPR + 50BR groups were significantly higher than that of the Control and 50Corn + 50BR groups (p < 0.05). The gizzard pH of the experimental groups was lower than those of Control (p < 0.05). The ileal crypt of birds on the Control diets was deeper (p < 0.05) than those observed in the experimental birds. Moreover, the ileal villus height: crypt depth ratio increased (p < 0.05) in the 50WPR + 50BR group (p < 0.05) compared with the Control group. No specific changes were observed in the epithelial cells on the duodenal apical surface among the groups except that the villus of the 25Corn + 50WPR + 25BR group had cell clusters. The jejunal and ileal villus apical surface of the experimental groups showed similar morphology to the Control group. These findings suggest that WPR and BR can totally replace corn in broiler diets without negatively affecting growth performance.