bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning the Development of Community-Engaged Scholars Through Course-Based Learning: A Student Perspective
Authors: Armitage Thomas , Levac Leah 
Published: July 2015

Â Â This manuscript chronicles the development of three graduate students as community engaged scholars, from the perspective of one of the students. With the support of the course instructor, a student (Thomas) and the instructor (Leah) discuss studentsâ€™ development during their enrollment in a graduate course in community-engaged scholarship (CES) at the University of Guelph, a large comprehensive university in southwestern Ontario. Drawing from studentsâ€™ reflection papers and progress reports, this article highlights studentsâ€™ thoughts on communitiesâ€™ perceptions of scholars; differences and similarities between community-engaged scholarship and more traditional forms of social science research; and challenges and opportunities of collaboration. Data highlighting studentsâ€™ experiences with power relations, understandings of the need for adaptability within their respective partnerships, and acknowledgement of differences between community and academic roles in community-engaged research projects are also presented. Finally, the effects of large groups and imbalanced stakes on projects, and the influence of class-oriented timelines are discussed. The manuscript is written by, and from the perspective of Thomas Armitage, one of the students in the graduate course, in collaboration Leah Levac, the course instructor.Â
Construction and Mediation of the â€œOtherâ€ in Community-Engaged Scholarship: The Importance of Not-Knowing
Authors: Kajner Tania 
Published: July 2015

Â In this paper I share and analyze a subset of findings from a qualitative research study on community-engaged scholarship in Canada. I explore how engaged scholars participating in the study conceptualize community in their engagement experiences. I suggest that in articulating their work, participants depict the contradictory tensions of constructing community as an Other in a way that reflects the dominant European legacy of colonial relations while at the same time leaning towards forms of interaction that are decolonial and challenge this model of colonial relations. This leaning is important and, as I will argue, needs to be nurtured if engagement in Canada is going to escape the pragmatic instrumentalism that marks much of engaged scholarship and if Canadian scholars are going to relate to partners in truly reciprocal and equitable ways.Â
Chuvas extremas e desordenamento do território na construção do risco: um estudo de caso no município de Cabaceiras – PB, Brasil
Authors: Rosendo Eliamin Eldan Queiroz , De Souza Bartolomeu Israel , Pires André Lucena , Pedrosa Leonidas Petrucio Dutra , Almeida Filgueira Hamilcar José 
Published: July 2015

A revolução industrial tardia nos países subdesenvolvidos trouxe uma nova configuração do espaço urbano, que em muitos casos, aliado a fenômenos climáticos, falta de planejamento territorial e vulnerabilidades socioambientais, contribuem para um panorama de risco. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características ambientais da cidade de Cabaceiras – PB, Brasil, localizada no semiárido brasileiro, que por vezes foi acometida por inundações. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram: levantamento histórico-bibliográfico, utilização de dados climatológicos, utilização de GIS com produtos de sensoriamento remoto e visitas <em>in loco</em>. Observou-se que a devastação da caatinga, a desertificação, a tipologia do solo, o processo de urbanização, a má distribuição da chuva e a falhas na gestão pública corroboraram para o fenômeno da inundação.
Áreas de congregación de cetáceos en el Pacífico norte de Costa Rica: recomendaciones para la gestión del recurso
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Damián , Montero-Cordero Andrea , Palacios-Alfaro David 
Published: July 2015

<p>La información disponible sobre la distribución de los cetáceos para el Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica actualmente carece de análisis que faciliten la toma de decisiones con el fin de tomar medidas políticas o de manejo para la conservación de los cetáceos costeros. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar áreas de importancia para los cetáceos en el Pacífico Norte, especialmente fuera de la de las áreas protegidas existentes. Se analizaron datos publicados anteriormente sobre avistamientos de cetáceos entre 2004 y 2008, y se complementó esta información con esfuerzo de muestreo durante la estación seca del 2012. Se utilizó un análisis geoestadístico de Kriging ordinario para predecir la continuidad espacial de avistamientos de cetáceos dentro de cuatro áreas de estudio. Con base en este análisis, las áreas de congregación más importantes para los delfines son: Bahía Santa Elena, Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas and Reserva Natural Cabo Blanco, debido a las altas densidades de grupos de delfines en actividades de alimentación. Las áreas de congregación relevantes para las ballenas jorobadas son: Bahía Santa Elena, Playa Tambor, Golfo de Papagayo and Reserva Natural Cabo Blanco. El estudio identifica las áreas de altas concentraciones de cetáceos en el Pacífico Norte, tanto dentro como fuera de las zonas protegidas. Nuestros resultados indican que algunas de las áreas no protegidas deben ser priorizadas con respecto a la priorización de estrategias de conservación, tales como: Península de Santa Elena, Bahía Culebra, Santa Rosa-Islas Murciélagos, y los alrededores de Punta Pargos y Cabo Blanco. Con base en una primera identificación de las amenazas marinas, se proponen medidas de gestión y políticas para garantizar la conservación de estos sitios de congregación de cetáceos.</p>
Incorporación del tema de usabilidad en el diseño de sitios web en el curso de Multimedios
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Iyubanit 
Published: July 2015

Este artículo tiene como propósito referirse a cómo se incorporó el tema de usabilidad en el curso de Multimedios de la Carrera de Informática Empresarial del Recinto de Grecia de la Sede de Occidente de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El estudio se llevó a cabo el I ciclo del 2011 y utilizó la estrategia didáctica llamada caso de estudio, en donde el estudiantado debía diseñar la interfaz de un carrito de compras por internet para una persona usuaria específica. Antes de hacer el diseño, se caracterizó a las personas usuarias finales y después se evaluó la usabilidad del diseño final. Los resultados de la evaluación del diseño de la interfaz por parte de las personas usuarias finales reflejó que los diseños mejoraron con respecto a la usabilidad de la aplicación, ya que el 81.25% de estos recibió una nota de evaluación positiva por parte de las personas usuarias. Para determinar que los grupos de estudiantes asimilaron el tema de usabilidad se aplicó una encuesta basada en la técnica de la curva de aprendizaje, los resultados indicaron que el alumnado calificó con 9.07% la pregunta sobre la experticia con el tema de usabilidad, después de haber realizado el caso de estudio.
Posicionando la educación inclusiva: Una forma diferente de mirar el horizonte educativo
Authors: Castillo-Briceño Cristina 
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo plantear el abordaje de los elementos fundamentales que posibilitan posicionar la educación inclusiva desde la normativa aprobada sobre el derecho humano a la educación, como una opción que garantiza el derecho a la educación de todas las personas. Este artículo recoge una revisión en torno a las ideas sobre la educación inclusiva haciendo uso de la revisión documental y se nutre de una categorización de elementos elaborada por la autora. La revisión de documentos seleccionados permitió definir doce unidades de registro: finalidad, valores, derechos, barreras, liderazgo, comunidad, participación, currículo flexible, apoyo, metodología y formación del profesorado, para el procesamiento de la información e identificar los elementos de la educación inclusiva que la ubican como una forma diferente de comprender el quehacer educativo. Luego, se desarrollan las ideas en torno a la educación como un derecho humano fundamental, que atiende las realidades diversas con el fin de lograr el desarrollo pleno de las personas; se le concibe como un instrumento que favorece el aprendizaje mutuo para el enriquecimiento de la diversidad. Seguidamente, se expone un recorrido por la normativa internacional y sus repercusiones en la educación inclusiva, concernientes a los temas de equidad, igualdad de oportunidades, diversidad, interculturalidad, inclusión/exclusión y derechos humanos. Posteriormente, se presentan las ideas con respecto a la educación inclusiva y su conceptualización, y los elementos que contribuyen a posicionarla como forma de una educación diferente de vislumbrar el horizonte educativo. Finalmente, las conclusiones permiten señalar que la educación inclusiva es un tema de actualidad, es un derecho humano fundamental; por tanto, toda persona, sin distingo de cualquier tipo de marcador, tiene derecho a la educación, a aprender, a ser y a estar.
Ear Infection in Isolated Cleft Lip: Etiological Implications
Authors: Ruegg Teresa A. , Cooper Margaret E. , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Ford Matthew D. , Wehby George L. , Deleyiannis Frederic W. B. , Czeizel Andrew E. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Marazita Mary L. , Weinberg Seth M. 
Published: July 2015

Background and Hypothesis Chronic ear infections are a common occurrence in children with orofacial clefts involving the secondary palate. Less is known about the middle ear status of individuals with isolated clefts of the lip, although several studies have reported elevated rates of ear infection in this group. The purpose of this retrospective study was to test the hypothesis that chronic ear infections occur more frequently in isolated cleft lip cases (n = 94) compared with controls (n = 183). Methods A questionnaire was used to obtain information on history of chronic ear infection. The association between ear infection status (present/absent) and cleft lip status (cleft lip case/control) was tested using both chi-square and logistic regression. Results and Conclusions The reported occurrence of chronic ear infection was significantly greater in cleft lip cases (31%) compared with unaffected controls (11%). After adjusting for age and sex, having a cleft lip increased the odds of being positive for ear infection by a factor greater than 3 (odds ratio = 3.698; 95% confidence interval = 1.91 to 7.14). Within cleft lip cases, there was no difference in the occurrence of ear infection by defect laterality or by the type of clefting present in the family history. Although velopharyngeal insufficiency was present in 18.4% of our cleft lip sample, there was no statistical association between ear infection and abnormal speech patterns. These results may have potential implications both for the clinical management of isolated cleft lip cases and for understanding the etiology of orofacial clefting.
Effectiveness of Tongue-lip Adhesion for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Infants with Robin Sequence Measured by Polysomnography
Authors: Resnick Cory M. , Dentino Kelley , Katz Eliot , Mulliken John B. , Padwa Bonnie L. 
Published: July 2015

Objective Tongue-lip adhesion (TLA) is commonly used to relieve obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants with Robin sequence (RS), but few studies have evaluated its efficacy with objective measures. The purpose of this study was to measure TLA outcomes using polysomnography. Our hypothesis was that TLA relieves OSA in most infants. Methods This is a retrospective study of infants with RS who underwent TLA from 2011 to 2014 and had at least a postoperative polysomnogram. Predictor variables included demographic and birth characteristics, surgeon, syndromic diagnosis, GILLS score, preoperative OSA severity, and clinical course. A successful outcome was defined as minimal OSA (apneahypopnea index score < 5) on postoperative polysomnogram and no need for additional airway intervention. Descriptive, bivariate, and regression statistics were computed, and statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results Eighteen subjects who had TLA at a mean age of 28 ± 4.7 days were included. Thirteen (72.2%) had a confirmed or suspected syndrome, and the mean GILLS score was 3 ± 0.3. All parameters trended toward improvement from the preoperative to postoperative polysomnograms, and improvement in OSA severity, oxygen saturation nadir, and arousals per hour was statistically significant ( P < .02). This effect was significant across categories of surgeon, syndrome, and GILLS score. Nine subjects (50%) met the criteria for a successful outcome. Bivariate and regression analyses did not demonstrate a significant relationship between success and any predictor variable. Conclusions TLA improved airway obstruction in all infants with RS but resolved OSA in only nine patients, and success was unpredictable.
Oral Health–Related Quality of Life in Children in Chile Treated for Cleft Lip and Palate: A Case-Control Approach
Authors: Aravena Pedro C. , Gonzalez Tania , Oyarzún Tamara , Coronado César 
Published: July 2015

Objective To compare the oral health–related quality of life of patients treated for cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) versus unaffected children between 8 and 15 years of age using a Spanish-language version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-Sp) administered to a Chilean population. Design A cross-sectional study with a matched case-control design was used. Methods Participants were 48 children (mean age 11.3 years) with a history of CL/P from three cities in Chile and one group of 96 children (mean age 11.2 years) unaffected by CL/P. The COHIP-Sp was applied to both groups. Quality of life was compared according to the overall score and the average score of items and domains on the COHIP-Sp scale between the two groups (Mann-Whitney U test; P < .05). Results The COHIP-Sp score was 94.1 ± 19.3 in children with CL/P and 97.1 ± 15.6 for the control group ( P = .31). A significantly lower score was observed in the group with CL/P in the domains “functional well-being” ( P = .001) and “school environment” ( P = .001); the only average in favor of the quality of life in children with CL/P was in “self-image” ( P = .0002). Conclusion The oral health–related quality of life of children with a history of CL/P was similar to that of the control group. Nevertheless, a lower quality of life was observed concerning items associated with speech and being understood by other people. Further study into the risk factors associated with surgery and rehabilitative treatment is recommended.
Visualization and Analysis of Surfactant Imbibition Into Oil-Wet Fractured Cores
Authors: Mirzaei Mohammad , DiCarlo David A. , Pope Gary A. 
Published: July 2015

Summary
Imbibition of surfactant solution into the oil-wet matrix in fractured reservoirs is a complicated process that involves gravity, capillary, viscous, and diffusive forces. The standard experiment for testing imbibition of surfactant solution involves an imbibition cell, in which the core is placed in the surfactant solution and the recovery is measured vs. time. Although these experiments prove the effectiveness of surfactants, little insight into the physics of the problem is achieved.
In this study, we performed water and surfactant flooding into oil-wet fractured cores and monitored the imbibition of the surfactant solution by use of computed-tomography (CT) scanning. From the CT images, the surfactant-imbibition dynamics as a function of height along the core was obtained. Although the waterflood only displaced oil from the fracture, the surfactant solution imbibed into the matrix; the imbibition is frontal, with the greatest imbibition rate at the bottom of the core, and the imbibition decreases roughly linearly with height. Experiments with cores of different sizes showed that increase in either the height or the diameter of the core causes decrease in imbibition and fractional oil-recovery rate. We also perform numerical simulations to model the observed imbibition.
On the basis of the experimental measurements and numerical-simulation results, we propose a new scaling group that includes both the diameter and the height of the core. We show that the new scaling groups scale the recovery curves better than the traditional scaling group.
Immunoassay analysis of proteins in gingival crevicular fluid samples from resorbing teeth
Authors: Rody Wellington J. , Wijegunasinghe Manjula , Holliday L. Shannon , McHugh Kevin P. , Wallet Shannon M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To carry out an immunoassay analysis of biomarkers expressed in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with the main goal of finding a useful diagnostic pattern to distinguish between resorbing deciduous teeth and nonresorbing controls.

Materials and Methods:
A split-mouth design was used in this study with a total of 22 GCF samples collected from 11 patients in the mixed dentition. For each child, one deciduous molar with radiographic evidence of root resorption was used as the test tooth whereas the contralateral first permanent molar with formed roots was used as the control tooth. Samples were processed with immunoassays using a panel of selected biomarkers including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and dentin sialoprotein (DSP).

Results:
There were no statistically significant differences in levels of IL-1b, OPG, and MMP-9 between test and control sites (P &gt; .05). IL-1RA was the only biomarker to show a significant down-regulation (P  =  .04) in GCF samples collected from resorbing teeth. RANKL data showed a heavily skewed distribution and was deemed unreliable. Only one deciduous GCF sample had detectable levels of DSP; therefore, no further statistical calculation was applicable because of the limited amount of data for this biomarker.

Conclusions:
This study indicated that IL1-RA is down-regulated in GCF from resorbing primary molars, thus suggesting this cytokine as a potential analyte to be included in a panel that can discriminate between resorbing and nonresorbing teeth.
Inhaled Formoterol Diminishes Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Belfort-DeAguiar Renata D. , Naik Sarita , Hwang Janice , Szepietowska Barbara , Sherwin Robert S. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
Hypoglycemia is one of the major factors limiting implementation of tight glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality during intensive insulin treatment. β-2 Adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists have been reported to diminish nocturnal hypoglycemia; however, whether long-acting inhaled β-2 AR agonists could potentially be used to treat or prevent hypoglycemia has not been established.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seven patients with type 1 diabetes and seven healthy control subjects received inhaled formoterol (48 μg), a highly specific β-2 AR agonist, or a placebo during a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp study to evaluate its capacity to antagonize the effect of insulin. In a second set of studies, five subjects with type 1 diabetes received inhaled formoterol to assess its effect as a preventive therapy for insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

RESULTS
During a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp, compared with placebo, inhaled formoterol decreased the glucose infusion rate required to maintain plasma glucose at a target level by 45–50% (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant effect on glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, or growth hormone release (P = NS). Furthermore, in volunteers with type 1 diabetes 1 h after increasing basal insulin delivery twofold, glucose levels dropped to 58 ± 5 mg/dL, whereas hypoglycemia was prevented by inhaled formoterol (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Inhalation of the β-2 AR–specific agonist formoterol may be useful in the prevention or treatment of acute hypoglycemia and thus may help patients with type 1 diabetes achieve optimal glucose control more safely.
Clinically Relevant Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged Adults With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nunley Karen A. , Rosano Caterina , Ryan Christopher M. , Jennings J. Richard , Aizenstein Howard J. , Zgibor Janice C. , Costacou Tina , Boudreau Robert M. , Miller Rachel , Orchard Trevor J. , Saxton Judith A. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and correlates of clinically relevant cognitive impairment in middle-aged adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
During 2010–2013, 97 adults diagnosed with T1D and aged &lt;18 years (age and duration 49 ± 7 and 41 ± 6 years, respectively; 51% female) and 138 similarly aged adults without T1D (age 49 ± 7 years; 55% female) completed extensive neuropsychological testing. Biomedical data on participants with T1D were collected periodically since 1986–1988. Cognitive impairment status was based on the number of test scores ≥1.5 SD worse than demographically appropriate published norms: none, mild (only one test), or clinically relevant (two or more tests).

RESULTS
The prevalence of clinically relevant cognitive impairment was five times higher among participants with than without T1D (28% vs. 5%; P &lt; 0.0001), independent of education, age, or blood pressure. Effect sizes were large (Cohen d 0.6–0.9; P &lt; 0.0001) for psychomotor speed and visuoconstruction tasks and were modest (d 0.3–0.6; P &lt; 0.05) for measures of executive function. Among participants with T1D, prevalent cognitive impairment was related to 14-year average A1c &gt;7.5% (58 mmol/mol) (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; P = 0.009), proliferative retinopathy (OR 2.8; P = 0.01), and distal symmetric polyneuropathy (OR 2.6; P = 0.03) measured 5 years earlier; higher BMI (OR 1.1; P = 0.03); and ankle-brachial index ≥1.3 (OR 4.2; P = 0.01) measured 20 years earlier, independent of education.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinically relevant cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among these middle-aged adults with childhood-onset T1D. In this aging cohort, chronic hyperglycemia and prevalent microvascular disease were associated with cognitive impairment, relationships shown previously in younger populations with T1D. Two additional potentially modifiable risk factors for T1D-related cognitive impairment, vascular health and BMI, deserve further study.