bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive performance in functional neurological disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Millman L. S. Merritt , Williams Isobel A. , Jungilligens Johannes , Pick Susannah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeCognitive complaints are common in functional neurological disorder (FND), but it is unclear whether objective neurocognitive deficits are present. This systematic review summarized validated/standardized cognitive test performance in FND samples across cognitive domains.MethodsEmbase, PsycInfo and MEDLINE were searched from inception to 15 May 2023, combining terms for FND and cognitive domains (e.g., attention, memory, executive functioning). Studies included a range of FND phenotypes (seizures, motor, cognitive disorder, mixed), compared to healthy or clinical controls. Risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and a qualitative synthesis/narrative review of cognitive performance in FND was conducted. Test performance scores were extracted, and random effects meta‐analyses were run where appropriate. This review was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42023423139.ResultsFifty‐six studies including 2260 individuals with FND were eligible. Although evidence for some impairments emerged across domains of executive functioning, attention, memory and psychomotor/processing speed, this was inconsistent across studies and FND phenotypes. Common confounds included group differences in demographics, medication and intellectual functioning. Only 24% of studies objectively assessed performance validity. Meta‐analyses revealed higher scores on tests of naming (g = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50, 0.84) and long‐term memory (g = 0.43, 95% CI 0.13, 0.74) in functional seizures versus epilepsy, but no significant differences in working (g = −0.08, 95% CI −0.44, 0.29) or immediate (g = 0.25, 95% CI −0.02, 0.53) memory and cognitive flexibility (g = −0.01, 95% CI −0.29, 0.28).ConclusionsThere is mixed evidence for objective cognitive deficits in FND. Future research should control for confounds, include tests of performance validity, and assess relationships between objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning.
Prediction of molecular subclasses of uveal melanoma by deep learning using routine haematoxylin–eosin‐stained tissue slides
Authors: Akram Farhan , de Bruyn Daniël P , van den Bosch Quincy C C , Trandafir Teodora E , van den Bosch Thierry P P , Verdijk Rob M , de Klein Annelies , Kiliç Emine , Stubbs Andrew P , Brosens Erwin , von der Thüsen Jan H 
Published: July 2024

AimsUveal melanoma has a high propensity to metastasize. Prognosis is associated with specific driver mutations and copy number variations, and these can only be obtained after genetic testing. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of patient outcome prediction using deep learning on haematoxylin and eosin (HE)‐stained primary uveal melanoma slides in comparison to molecular testing.MethodsIn this retrospective study of patients with uveal melanoma, 113 patients from the Erasmus Medical Centre who underwent enucleation had tumour tissue analysed for molecular classification between 1993 and 2020. Routine HE‐stained slides were scanned to obtain whole‐slide images (WSI). After annotation of regions of interest, tiles of 1024 × 1024 pixels were extracted at a magnification of 40×. An ablation study to select the best‐performing deep‐learning model was carried out using three state‐of‐the‐art deep‐learning models (EfficientNet, Vision Transformer, and Swin Transformer).ResultsDeep‐learning models were subjected to a training cohort (n = 40), followed by a validation cohort (n = 20), and finally underwent a test cohort (n = 48). A k‐fold cross‐validation (k = 3) of validation and test cohorts (n = 113 of three classes: BAP1, SF3B1, EIF1AX) demonstrated Swin Transformer as the best‐performing deep‐learning model to predict molecular subclasses based on HE stains. The model achieved an accuracy of 0.83 ± 0.09 on the validation cohort and 0.75 ± 0.04 on the test cohort. Within the subclasses, this model correctly predicted 70% BAP1‐mutated, 61% SF3B1‐mutated and 80% EIF1AX‐mutated UM in the test set.ConclusionsThis study showcases the potential of the deep‐learning methodology for predicting molecular subclasses in a multiclass manner using HE‐stained WSI. This development holds promise for advanced prognostication of UM patients without the need of molecular or immunohistochemical testing. Additionally, this study suggests there are distinct histopathological features per subclass; mainly utilizing epithelioid cellular morphology for BAP1‐classification, but an unknown feature distinguishes EIF1AX and SF3B1.
MIDDLEMEN IN SEARCH EQUILIBRIUM WITH INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE MARGINS
Authors: Gong Grace Xun , Wright Randall 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study endogenous intermediation activity, the implied transaction pattern—direct trade, indirect trade, or both—and implications for efficiency. Related papers have agents exchanging indivisible goods or assets, capturing only extensive margins (trade frequency). To capture intensive margins, we incorporate divisibility representing quantity or quality. We characterize equilibrium, show how it depends on bargaining powers and costs, and how intensive margins matter—for example, middlemen with high bargaining power may charge more but offer higher quantity/quality, thus improving welfare. A tax‐subsidy policy is designed to achieve efficiency. A monetary version lets us compare money and middlemen and further discuss policy.
Erythropoietin induces tumour progression and CD39 expression on immune cells in a preclinical model of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Bessoles Stéphanie , Chiron Andrada , Sarrabayrouse Guillaume , De La Grange Pierre , Abina Amine M. , Hacein‐Bey‐Abina Salima 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe adverse effects observed in some cancer patients treated with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents such as erythropoietin (EPO) might be due to the latter's well‐known immunosuppressive functions. Here, we used a mouse model of syngeneic triple‐negative breast cancer to explore EPO's immunomodulatory role in a tumour setting. Our results showed that EPO treatment promotes tumour growth, exacerbates the ‘immune desert’, and results in a ‘cold tumour’. EPO treatment changed the immune cell distribution in peripheral blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and the tumour microenvironment (TME). Our in‐depth analysis showed that EPO mainly impacts CD4 T cells by accelerating their activation in the spleen and thus their subsequent exhaustion in the TME. This process is accompanied by a general elevation of CD39 expression by several immune cells (notably CD4 T cells in the tumour and spleen), which promotes an immunosuppressive TME. Lastly, we identified a highly immunosuppressive CD39+ regulatory T cell population (ICOS+, CTLA4+, Ki67+) as a potential biomarker of the risk of EPO‐induced tumour progression. EPO displays pleiotropic immunosuppressive functions and enhances mammary tumour progression in mice.
Is gender a factor in socioeconomic disparities in undiagnosed, and untreated hypertension in Bangladesh?
Authors: Kumar Roy Tapan , Rahman Mosiur , Rahman Md. Sohanur , Halder Nityananda , Rashid Md Mamunur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur objectives were to ascertain the following: (1) the prevalence and socioeconomic distribution of hypertension (HTN), undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated cases of HTN‐diagnosed individuals; (2) the relationship between SES and the prevalence of HTN, undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated for HTN; and (3) whether sex moderate this association. Data from the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey were used. 11,776 participants who were 18 years of age or older responded to our analysis. The age‐adjusted prevalence of HTN, undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated cases was 25.1%, 57.2%, and 12.3%. Compared to females, males were less likely to have HTN but more likely to have undiagnosed HTN. People in the rich SES groups had a higher odd of (adjusted odds ratio [aoR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.45) of having HTN compared to those in the poor SES group. When compared to individuals in the poor SES group, those in the rich SES group had lower odds of undiagnosed (aoR 0.57; 95% CI 0.44–0.74) and untreated (aoR 0.56; 95% CI 0.31–0.98) for HTN. Sex moderated the association between SES and HTN prevalence, which showed that men from rich SES were more likely to suffer from HTN than men from poor SES. According to this study, the government and other pertinent stakeholders should concentrate more on developing suitable policy measures to reduce the risk of HTN, particularly for men in rich socioeconomic groups. They should also concentrate on screening and diagnosing HTN in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, regardless of sex.
Identification of the cytochrome P450s responsible for the biosynthesis of two types of aporphine alkaloids and their de novo biosynthesis in yeast
Authors: Li Qishuang , Jiao Xiang , Li Xinyi , Shi Wenlong , Ma Ying , Tan Xiangmei , Gan Jingyi , Liu Jimei , Yang Jian , Wang Jian , Jin Baolong , Chen Tong , Su Ping , Zhao Yujun , Zhang Yifeng , Tang Jinfu , Cui Guanghong , Chen Yun , Guo Juan , Huang Luqi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAporphine alkaloids have diverse pharmacological activities; however, our understanding of their biosynthesis is relatively limited. Previous studies have classified aporphine alkaloids into two categories based on the configuration and number of substituents of the D‐ring and have proposed preliminary biosynthetic pathways for each category. In this study, we identified two specific cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP80G6 and CYP80Q5) with distinct activities toward (S)‐configured and (R)‐configured substrates from the herbaceous perennial vine Stephania tetrandra, shedding light on the biosynthetic mechanisms and stereochemical features of these two aporphine alkaloid categories. Additionally, we characterized two CYP719C enzymes (CYP719C3 and CYP719C4) that catalyzed the formation of the methylenedioxy bridge, an essential pharmacophoric group, on the A‐ and D‐rings, respectively, of aporphine alkaloids. Leveraging the functional characterization of these crucial cytochrome P450 enzymes, we reconstructed the biosynthetic pathways for the two types of aporphine alkaloids in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for the de novo production of compounds such as (R)‐glaziovine, (S)‐glaziovine, and magnoflorine. This study provides key insight into the biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids and lays a foundation for producing these valuable compounds through synthetic biology.
A digital technique for occlusal design of a posterior full crown based on physiological tooth displacement and occlusion of adjacent teeth
Authors: Chen Ying , Tu Ya , Pu Tingting , Ding Qian , Sun Yuchun , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article presents a digital technique to construct a virtual occlusion in the maximal intercuspal position (MIP), considering physiological tooth displacement and reducing intermesh penetrations between occlusal surfaces, in order to design more precise and accurate occlusal contacts of a posterior full crown.
Assessment of hard and soft tissue thickness at mandibular symphysis in skeletal Class III patients with different vertical patterns
Authors: Oh Jiyoung , Ham Lyun Kwang , Shin Hyemin , Han Sung‐Hoon , Kim Yoonji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess the bony and soft tissue parameters at mandibular symphysis among skeletal Class III patients with different vertical growth patterns, using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsCBCT images of 60 skeletal Class III non‐growing patients were evaluated (mean age 24.9 ± 8.4 years). Study samples were classified into three facial types based on the mandibular plane angle (SN‐MP angle): low, normal, and high angle. The bony and soft tissue parameters at the mandibular symphysis were evaluated.ResultsAmong hard tissue variables, symphysis and pogonion width were significantly narrower in the high‐angle group (P < .05). The thickness of the buccal cortex at pogonion was also significantly thinner in subjects with high angles (P < .01). Symphysis height showed an increasing tendency from the low‐angle to the high‐angle group. However, no significant differences were found in chin width and height according to vertical patterns. Across all soft tissue measurements, the low‐angle group exhibited the highest thickness, which gradually decreased in the high‐angle group. Statistically significant differences in soft tissue thickness were observed at Menton (Me) and Gnathion (Gn) (P < .05). A significant negative correlation was observed between the SN‐MP angle and the thickness of both hard and soft tissues.ConclusionsIn skeletal Class III subjects, significant differences existed in both hard and soft tissues at the mandibular symphysis, depending on the vertical patterns. These results provide a comprehensive evaluation of symphyseal area, which can aid clinicians in identifying appropriate treatment approaches, especially for combined orthognathic and orthodontic treatment.
Pyrobacteriopheophorbide‐a derivatives possessing various hydrophilic esterifying groups at the C17‐propionate residues for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sasaki Shin‐ichi , Morioka Yuto , Maegawa Kohta , Katsuragi Yuya , Nakamura Takashi , Kamemura Kazuo , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAiming at the application to photodynamic therapy, natural bacteriochlorophyll‐a was converted to chemically stable free‐base derivatives possessing different kinds of hydrophilic C17‐propionate residues. These semi‐synthetic bacteriochlorins were found to have self‐assembling ability in an aqueous environment and formed stable J‐type aggregates in a cell culture medium containing 0.2% DMSO. The electronic absorption spectra of all the sensitizers showed Qy absorption maxima at 754 nm in DMSO as their monomeric states, while a drastic shift of the red‐most bands to ca. 880 nm was observed in the aqueous medium. The circular dichroism spectra in the medium showed much intense signals compared to those measured in DMSO, supporting the formation of well‐ordered supramolecular structures. By introducing hydrophilic side chains, the bacteriochlorin sensitizers could be dispersed in the aqueous medium as their J‐aggregates without the use of any surfactants. Cellular uptake efficiencies as well as photodynamic activities were evaluated using human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. Among the 11 photosensitizers investigated, the best result was obtained for a charged derivative possessing trimethylammonium terminal (17‐CH2CH2COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3I−) and photocytotoxicity of EC50 = 0.09 μM was achieved by far‐red light illumination of 35 J/cm2 from an LED panel (730 nm).
Unique regulatory network of dragon fruit simultaneously mitigates the effect of vanadium pollutant and environmental factors
Authors: Zaman Qamar U. , Garg Vanika , Raza Ali , Nazir Mian Faisal , Hui Liu , Khan Darya , Khokhar Aamir Ali , Hussain Muhammad Azhar , Wang Hua‐Feng , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnder changing climatic conditions, plants are simultaneously facing conflicting stresses in nature. Plants can sense different stresses, induce systematic ROS signals, and regulate transcriptomic, hormonal, and stomatal responses. We performed transcriptome analysis to reveal the integrative stress response regulatory mechanism underlying heavy metal stress alone or in combination with heat and drought conditions in pitaya (dragon fruit). A total of 70 genes were identified from 31,130 transcripts with conserved differential expression. Furthermore, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified trait‐associated modules. By integrating information from three modules and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, we identified 10 interconnected genes associated with the multifaceted defense mechanism employed by pitaya against co‐occurring stresses. To further confirm the reliability of the results, we performed a comparative analysis of 350 genes identified by three trait modules and 70 conserved genes exhibiting their dynamic expression under all treatments. Differential expression pattern of genes and comparative analysis, have proven instrumental in identifying ten putative structural genes. These ten genes were annotated as PLAT/LH2, CAT, MLP, HSP, PB1, PLA, NAC, HMA, and CER1 transcription factors involved in antioxidant activity, defense response, MAPK signaling, detoxification of metals and regulating the crosstalk between the complex pathways. Predictive analysis of putative candidate genes, potentially governing single, double, and multifactorial stress response, by several signaling systems and molecular patterns. These findings represent a valuable resource for pitaya breeding programs, offering the potential to develop resilient “super pitaya” plants.
Heterogenous Rates of Return on Homes: Do The Rich Do Better?
Authors: Wolff Edward N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent work on wealth inequality using the capitalization method wherein aggregate wealth totals are distributed proportionately to property income like dividends motivates concern about whether rates of return on assets vary across the income or wealth distribution. Here I use accrued capital gains and imputed rent on homes estimated from the Survey of Consumer Finances to address this issue. Both capital gains and imputed rent form part of total income. I find strong econometric evidence that returns vary directly with wealth level and are considerably higher for very wealthy compared to poorer households. However, I do not find evidence that higher income households receive higher returns once controlling for overall market house price trends. Returns are also strongly related to overall market house price movements, suggesting that timing the market is a key determinant. However, paradoxically, adding housing returns to baseline household wealth reduces overall wealth inequality.
Quantification of the contribution of individual coagulation factors to haemostasis using a microchip flow chamber system and reconstituted blood from deficient plasma
Authors: Fuchizaki Akihiro , Yasui Kazuta , Hayashi Tomoya , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Oyamada Chiaki , Ohnishi‐Wada Tomoko , Hosokawa Kazuya , Shimogaki Kazushige , Kimura Takafumi , Hirayama Fumiya , Takihara Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesQuantifying the contribution of individual coagulation factors to haemostasis may aid our understanding of the haemostatic function in patients with rare coagulation deficiencies (RCDs) and the exploration of suitable treatments.Materials and MethodsReconstituted blood prepared from specific coagulation factor‐deficient plasma (factor [F]II; prothrombin, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI or FXII) and red blood cell/platelet products were used to simulate the whole blood of patients with RCD. We prepared in vitro treatment models for patients with prothrombin deficiency using coagulation factor agents and fresh frozen plasma. Haemostatic function was measured using a microchip flow chamber system at 600 s−1.ResultsThe haemostatic function was low, especially in blood samples reconstituted with prothrombin‐ and FX‐deficient plasma. In a plasma transfusion model of prothrombin deficiency, haemostatic function recovered after 10% replacement with normal plasma and reached a plateau at ≧60% replacement. A treatment model of prothrombin deficiency with prothrombin complex concentrates revealed dose‐dependent therapeutic effects in the range of 0–50 IU/kg.ConclusionMicrochip flow chamber system‐based quantification of haemostatic function using reconstituted blood could predict haemostasis and therapeutic effects of treatments in patients with prothrombin deficiency.
Surgical management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: An update on options and outcomes
Authors: Wallace Mandy L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDogs with a brachycephalic conformation often experience a collection of abnormalities related to their craniofacial conformation, which can lead to a variety of clinical signs such as stertor, exercise intolerance, respiratory distress, and gastrointestinal signs such as regurgitation, among others. This collection of abnormalities is termed brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). With the rise in popularity of several brachycephalic breeds, veterinarians and veterinary surgery specialists are seeing these dogs with increasing frequency for surgical and medical treatment of these clinical signs, leading to an increased interest in developing surgical techniques for dogs with BOAS and evaluating objective methods of determining outcome after surgery. Advances in anesthetic management including standardized protocols and use of local nerve blocks to decrease opiate use may decrease postoperative complications. A variety of new or modified surgical techniques to manage hyperplastic soft palate and stenotic nares, among other BOAS components, have been developed and studied in recent years. Newer studies have also focused on risk factors for development of major complications in the postoperative period and on objective measurements that may help determine which patients will receive the most benefit from BOAS surgery. In this review, the newest studies focused on updates in anesthetic management, surgical techniques, and postoperative care will be discussed. Additionally, updated information on complication rates and outcomes for dogs undergoing surgical management of BOAS will be included.