bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The TRIM-NHL Protein LIN-41 and the OMA RNA-Binding Proteins Antagonistically Control the Prophase-to-Metaphase Transition and Growth of Caenorhabditis elegans Oocytes
Authors: Spike Caroline A , Coetzee Donna , Eichten Carly , Wang Xin , Hansen Dave , Greenstein David 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In many animals, oocytes enter meiosis early in their development but arrest in meiotic prophase I. Oocyte growth, which occurs during this arrest period, enables the acquisition of meiotic competence and the capacity to produce healthy progeny. Meiotic resumption, or meiotic maturation, involves the transition to metaphase I (M phase) and is regulated by intercellular signaling and cyclin-dependent kinase activation. Premature meiotic maturation would be predicted to diminish fertility as the timing of this event, which normally occurs after oocyte growth is complete, is crucial. In the accompanying article in this issue, we identify the highly conserved TRIM-NHL protein LIN-41 as a translational repressor that copurifies with OMA-1 and OMA-2, RNA-binding proteins redundantly required for normal oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. In this article, we show that LIN-41 enables the production of high-quality oocytes and plays an essential role in controlling and coordinating oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. lin-41 null mutants display a striking defect that is specific to oogenesis: pachytene-stage cells cellularize prematurely and fail to progress to diplotene. Instead, these cells activate CDK-1, enter M phase, assemble spindles, and attempt to segregate chromosomes. Translational derepression of the CDK-1 activator CDC-25.3 appears to contribute to premature M-phase entry in lin-41 mutant oocytes. Genetic and phenotypic analyses indicate that LIN-41 and OMA-1/2 exhibit an antagonistic relationship, and we suggest that translational regulation by these proteins could be important for controlling and coordinating oocyte growth and meiotic maturation.
Comparison of the Short-Term Outcomes Between Trigger Point Dry Needling and Trigger Point Manual Therapy for the Management of Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Llamas-Ramos Rocio , Pecos-Martín Daniel , Gallego-Izquierdo Tomás , Llamas-Ramos Inés , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo , Ortega-Santiago Ricardo , Cleland Joshua , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César 
Published: October 2014

Study Design Randomized clinical study. Objectives To compare the effects of trigger point (TrP) dry needling (DN) and TrP manual therapy (MT) on pain, function, pressure pain sensitivity, and cervical range of motion in subjects with chronic mechanical neck pain. Background Recent evidence suggests that TrP DN could be effective in the treatment of neck pain. However, no studies have directly compared the outcomes of TrP DN and TrP MT in this population. Methods Ninety-four patients (mean ± SD age, 31 ± 3 years; 66% female) were randomized into a TrP DN group (n = 47) or a TrP MT group (n = 47). Neck pain intensity (11-point numeric pain rating scale), cervical range of motion, and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) over the spinous process of C7 were measured at baseline, postintervention, and at follow-ups of 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment. The Spanish version of the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire was used to measure disability/function at baseline and the 2-week follow-up. Mixed-model, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to determine if a time-by-group interaction existed on the effects of the treatment on each outcome variable, with time as the within-subject variable and group as the between-subject variable. Results The ANOVA revealed that participants who received TrP DN had outcomes similar to those who received TrP MT in terms of pain, function, and cervical range of motion. The 4-by-2 mixed-model ANOVA also revealed a significant time-by-group interaction (P<.001) for PPT: patients who received TrP DN experienced a greater increase in PPT (decreased pressure sensitivity) than those who received TrP MT at all follow-up periods (between-group differences: posttreatment, 59.0 kPa; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.0, 69.2; 1-week follow-up, 69.2 kPa; 95% CI: 49.5, 79.1; 2-week follow-up, 78.9 kPa; 95% CI: 49.5, 89.0). Conclusion The results of this clinical trial suggest that 2 sessions of TrP DN and TrP MT resulted in similar outcomes in terms of pain, disability, and cervical range of motion. Those in the TrP DN group experienced greater improvements in PPT over the cervical spine. Future trials are needed to examine the effects of TrP DN and TrP MT over long-term follow-up periods. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(11):852–861. Epub 30 September 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5229
Study on the Level of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Raw and Processed Milk Marketed in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Kafle Pratap , Sedai Damodar , Rai Krishna Prasad , Pokharel Bishow Bandhu 
Published: October 2014

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the principal hydroxylated AFB1 metabolite mainly present in milk. In this study the levels of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Raw and Pasteurized milk marketed in Kathmandu valley was estimated. Altogether 32 milk samples (Raw 16, Pasteurized 16) obtained from different areas of Kathmandu valley were analysed for AFM1 by Thin Layer Chromatography. The milk samples were analyzed according to the official AOAC methods, which included extraction of toxin using chloroform, clearing by silica gel column chromatography, qualitative analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography and quantification by Visual comparison of the spots. AFM1 was found in 14 (43.75%) of milk samples examined. The levels of AFM1 in 7 (21.87%) samples were higher than the maximum tolerance limit (0.05 µg/l) accepted by some European countries while none of the samples exceeded the prescribed limit of US regulations. The mean concentration of AFM1 was higher in Raw milk (0.030 ± 0.042 µg/l) compared to pasteurized (0.022 ± 0.039) but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). This finding reflects that milk marketed in Kathmandu valley contains residual level of Aflatoxin M1 and pose public health risk. Therefore, milk and milk products have to be screened for AFM1 contamination periodically. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10598 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (52-56), 2012
Common Pests and Pesticides used in High Value Crops: A Case Study on Some Selected Districts of Nepal
Authors: Koirala Pramod , Tamrakar Ananda Shova 
Published: October 2014

This study was carried out in eight districts of Nepal to explore the pests, pesticides and other agro-chemicals used in high value crops viz. tea, coffee, honey and vegetables (tomato and brinjal). The study carried out districts for tea were Jhapa and Illam, whereas for vegetables Bara and Kavre. Similarly, honey was studied in Chitwan and Nawalparasi, whereas coffee in Gulmi and Lalitpur. The results revealed that different type of pests were found to be problematic in high value crops production. Loopers were the major pests in tea, borers in coffee, fruit fly in vegetables and mites in beekeeping. Different pesticides and some other agro-chemicals have been found to be used for pest management. Additionally, pesticide residues analysis for selected pesticides was carried out using GC-MS technique. The result of analysis showed that non of pesticides was found at the detection level of 0.7 parts per million. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10608 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (64-69), 2012
Study of Functional Property of Bread Based on Buckwheat and Green Tea
Authors: Bhattarai Shraddha , Ojha Pravin , Rai Krishna Prasad 
Published: October 2014

A study was conducted to formulate and observe the functional properties of bread based on buckwheat and green tea. The physiochemical and functional properties of the raw materials used and that of the best sample were also analyzed. The TPC in BWF and GT were found to be 51 GAE and 95 GAE respectively. In other hand, antioxidant activity was found to be 7.1% and 39.2% respectively. From the sensory evaluation, the sample with 60:40 ratio of BWF: WF and 3% GTB incorporated was found to be superior. Furthermore, iron, calcium, tannin content, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the best product were found to be 3.133 mg /100g, 315.56mg/100g, 0.0000084%, 71GAE and 5.6% respectively. Additionally, a comparative proximate composition analysis of the best sample and market product was analyzed and the result showed the protein content of the lab sample was about 3 times more than that of the market product. Therefore, the lab prepared bread was found to be highly nutritious with functional characteristics with acceptable sensory qualities and shelf-life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10610 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (70-75), 2012
Processing Effect on Phytic Acid and Inorganic Phosphorus Content of Soybean (Glycine max, Brown var.)
Authors: Rijal Somkanta , Adhikari Babita 
Published: October 2014

The objective of this research was to study the effect of some processing methods on phytic acid (a prominent anti-nutritive substance) and inorganic phosphorous content of the king legume soybean. The processing treatments viz. soaking and subsequent germination; kinema fermentation and heating were applied. It was observed that soaking for 12 hrs at room temperature under citric acid solution, distilled water and sodium bicarbonate solution significantly (p <0.05) lowered the phytic acid content of soybean by 7.99%, 6.38% and 7.20% respectively and also correspondingly lowered the inorganic phosphorous by 21.8%, 27.55% and 30.75% . Maximum destruction of phytic acid (35.1% reduction) occurred during germination for 120 hrs in 0.1% citric acid solution. This was further confirmed by increase of inorganic phosphorous content (196.22%) in corresponding treatments. A 46.07% significant reduction (p < 0.05) of phytic acid content over the control was noticed after 72 hrs of kinema fermentation. On the same interval, inorganic phosphorous content also significantly increased by 180%. Autoclaving was found more effective than dry heating and boiling also could reduce the phytic acid content of soybean. Autoclaving (121ºC for 15 min), dry heating (200ºC for 5 min) and boiling (100ºC for 30 min) significantly lowered (p< 0.05) soybean phytate by 20.76%, 12.84% and 14.84% respectively. In other hand, inorganic phosphorous content were increased significantly by 80.56%, 43.8% and 63.55% at the same time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.11208 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (102-106), 2012
Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting to Low Vision Clinic of a Tertiary Center in Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Thapa HB , Gautam P , Mahotra NB , Bajracharya K 
Published: September 2014

INTRODUCTION: Low vision is an important public health problem; however, very few low vision clinics are available to address the needs of low vision patients in most developing countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients attending the low vision clinic of a tertiary care eye hospital of Western Region of Nepal. METHODS: This was a prospective cross sectional study of all new Nepali patients seen at the low vision clinic over 2 years period. The patients were administered with clinical low vision form (a structured questionnaire) and were examined and tested with low vision devices by the attending low vision specialist. Information on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients was recorded. RESULTS: A total of 214 new patients seen during the period were studied. The mean age was 19.80 years, and their ages ranged between 4 and 86 years with a male to female ratio of 2.69:1. Majority (53.30%) were children (≤15years), while 3.70% were elderly patients (≥65years). The commonest cause of low vision was lens related like pseudophakia, aphakia (20.60%); 18.20% had refractive error/amblyopia; 17.80% had retinitis pigmentosa; macular disorder (20%) and retinitis pigmentosa (20%) were the commonest cause in the adult and elderly patients, while lens related (24.6%) and refractive error/amblyopia (21.1%) were the commonest causes in children.CONCLUSION: The demographic and clinical characteristics of low vision patients seen in this clinic are similar to that of patients in other developing countries, but different from those in developed countries. Elderly patients and females may be under-utilizing low vision services. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i2.11172 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(2): 35-39
Mesure de la complexité de lecture des formulaires de déclaration et de renonciation aux droits pour adolescents québécois
Authors: Luther Kirk , Snook Brent , Luther Elisabeth 
Published: October 2014

Résumé La présente étude porte sur l’évaluation de la complexité de lecture d’un échantillon de formulaires de déclaration et de renonciation aux droits pour adolescents et utilisés par les organisations policières québécoises. La complexité de six formulaires de déclaration et de renonciation aux droits a été mesurée en utilisant quatre mesures d’évaluation de la complexité de lecture (la longueur des mots, l’équation Laesbarhedsindex, l’équation Kandel-Moles et la fréquence des mots). Les résultats ont démontré que les formulaires sont longs, grammaticalement complexes et contiennent des phrases difficiles à comprendre avec des mots utilisés peu fréquemment dans le langage courant. La probabilité que les droits constitutionnels des jeunes Québécois soient respectés et la nécessité de créer un formulaire de déclaration et de renonciation aux droits normalisé sont discutées.
Excellent cold rollability in a single pass of an Mg-4Er (wt.%) alloy
Authors: Du X. H. , Hong M. , Duan G. S. , Wei C. B. , Jiang E. P. , Zhang M. , Wu B. L. , Zhang Y. D. , Esling C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Sheets of Mg-4Er (wt.%) alloy were prepared by multi-pass hot rolling and subsequent annealing. The annealed sheets could be cold-rolled to a high reduction of 95% (corresponding to a rolling strain of 3) by one-pass rolling at room temperature. The evolution of the deformed microstructure of Mg-4Er alloy was investigated during the cold-rolling process. The results suggest that multiple dislocation slips are the predominant deformation mode responsible for the remarkable rolling plastic strain. Meanwhile, the multiple dislocation slips are favorable to a continuous restoration process, which can accommodate the rolling strain by absorbing the deformation energy.
Evolution from microscopic transoral to endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy
Authors: Ponce-Gómez Juan Antonio , Ortega-Porcayo Luis Alberto , Soriano-Barón Hector Enrique , Sotomayor-González Arturo , Arriada-Mendicoa Nicasio , Gómez-Amador Juan Luis , Palma-Díaz Marité , Barges-Coll Juan 
Published: October 2014

Object
The goal of this study was to compare the indications, benefits, and complications between the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and the microscopic transoral approach to perform an odontoidectomy. Transoral approaches have been standard for odontoidectomy procedures; however, the potential benefits of the EEA might be demonstrated to be a more innocuous technique. The authors present their experience with 12 consecutive cases that required odontoidectomy and posterior instrumentation.

Methods
Twelve consecutive cases of craniovertebral junction instability with or without basilar invagination were diagnosed at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Mexico City, Mexico, between January 2009 and January 2013. The EEA was used for 5 cases in which the odontoid process was above the nasopalatine line, and was compared with 7 cases in which the odontoid process was beneath the nasopalatine line; these were treated using the transoral microscopic approach (TMA). Odontoidectomy was performed after occipital-cervical or cervical posterior augmentation with lateral mass and translaminar screws. One case was previously fused (Oc–C4 fusion). The senior author performed all surgeries. American Spinal Injury Association scores were documented before surgical treatment and after at least 6 months of follow-up.

Results
Neurological improvement after odontoidectomy was similar for both groups. From the transoral group, 2 patients had postoperative dysphonia, 1 patient presented with dysphagia, and 1 patient had intraoperative CSF leakage. The endoscopic procedure required longer surgical time, less time to extubation and oral feeding, a shorter hospital stay, and no complications in this series.

Conclusions
Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy is a feasible, safe, and well-tolerated procedure. In this small series there was no difference in the outcome between the EEA and the TMA; however, fewer complications were documented with the endonasal technique.
Endoscopic endonasal optic nerve and orbital apex decompression for nontraumatic optic neuropathy: surgical nuances and review of the literature
Authors: Berhouma Moncef , M.Sc.  , Jacquesson Timothee , M.Sc.  , Abouaf Lucie , M.Sc.  , Vighetto Alain , Ph.D.  , Jouanneau Emmanuel 
Published: October 2014

Object
While several approaches have been described for optic nerve decompression, the endoscopic endonasal route is gaining favor because it provides excellent exposure of the optic canal and the orbital apex in a minimally invasive manner. Very few studies have detailed the experience with nontraumatic optic nerve decompressions, whereas traumatic cases have been widely documented. Herein, the authors describe their preliminary experience with endoscopic endonasal decompression for nontraumatic optic neuropathies (NONs) to determine the procedure’s efficacy and delineate its potential indications and limits.

Methods
The medical reports of patients who had undergone endoscopic endonasal optic nerve and orbital apex decompression for NONs at the Lyon University Neurosurgical Hospital in the period from January 2012 to March 2014 were reviewed. For all cases, clinical and imaging data on the underlying pathology and the patient, including demographics, preoperative and 6-month postoperative ophthalmological assessment results, symptom duration, operative details with video debriefing, as well as the immediate and delayed postoperative course, were collected from the medical records.

Results
Eleven patients underwent endoscopic endonasal decompression for NON in the multidisciplinary skull base surgery unit of the Lyon University Neurosurgical Hospital during the 27-month study period. The mean patient age was 53.4 years, and there was a clear female predominance (8 females and 3 males). Among the underlying pathologies were 4 sphenoorbital meningiomas (36%), 3 optic nerve meningiomas (27%), and 1 each of trigeminal neuroma (9%), orbital apex meningioma (9%), ossifying fibroma (9%), and inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit (9%). Fifty-four percent of the patients had improved visual acuity at the 6-month follow-up. Only 1 patient whose sphenoorbital meningioma had been treated at the optic nerve atrophy stage continued to worsen despite surgical decompression. The 2 patients presenting with preoperative papilledema totally recovered. One case of postoperative epistaxis was successfully treated using balloon inflation, and 1 case of air swelling of the orbit spontaneously resolved.

Conclusions
Endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive technique affording the restoration of visual function in patients with nontraumatic compressive processes of the orbital apex and optic nerve. The timing of decompression remains crucial, and patients should undergo such a procedure early in the disease course before optic atrophy.
Expanding indications for the extended endoscopic endonasal approach to hypothalamic gliomas: preliminary report
Authors: Zoli Matteo , Mazzatenta Diego , Valluzzi Adelaide , Marucci Gianluca , Ph.D.  , Acciarri Nicola , Pasquini Ernesto , Frank Giorgio 
Published: October 2014

Object
In the last decade the indications for the endoscopic endonasal approach have been progressively expanded to include lesions that have not been traditionally considered amenable to resection through the transsphenoidal route. In this study, the authors analyze their experience with hypothalamic gliomas treated via the endoscopic endonasal approach.

Methods
Consecutive cases of hypothalamic gliomas treated since 2007 via an endoscopic endonasal approach were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative neuroimaging as well as endocrinological, neurological, and visual symptoms were analyzed to assess the surgical outcome. Signs and symptoms of hypothalamic dysfunction including body mass index (BMI), memory, sleep-wake rhythm, and polyphagia were prospectively collected pre- and postoperatively to assess hypothalamic function. Quality of life was evaluated using the Katz scale.

Results
In the initial phase the endoscopic endonasal approach was adopted in 3 cases with a palliative intent, to obtain a biopsy sample or for debulking of the mass followed by radio- or chemotherapy. In 2 later cases it was successfully adopted to achieve gross-total tumor resection. Complications consisted of 2 postoperative CSF leaks, which required an endoscopic endonasal reintervention. Visual deficit improved in 3 cases and normalized in the other 2. Four patients developed diabetes insipidus, and 3 an anterior panhypopituitarism. All patients had a moderate increase in BMI. No patients presented with any other signs of hypothalamic damage, and their quality of life at follow-up is normal.

Conclusions
Despite the limitations of a short follow-up and small sample, the authors’ early experience with the endoscopic endonasal approach has revealed it to be a direct, straightforward, and safe approach to third ventricle astrocytomas. It allowed the authors to perform tumor resection with the same microsurgical technique: dissecting the tumor with 2 hands, performing a central debulking, and controlling the bleeding with bipolar coagulation. The main limitations were represented by some anatomical conditions, such as the position of the chiasm and the anterior communicating artery complex and, finally, by the challenge of watertight plastic repair. To definitively evaluate the role of this approach in hypothalamic gliomas, a comparison with transcranial series would be necessary, but due to the rarity of these cases such a study is still lacking. The authors observed that more aggressive surgery is associated with a worse endocrinological outcome; thus they consider it to be an open question (in particular in prepubertal patients) whether radical removal is an advisable goal for hypothalamic gliomas.