bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust self‐navigated body MRI using dense coil arrays
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cheng Joseph Y. , Chen Yuxin , Nishimura Dwight G. , Pauly John M. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeTo develop a robust motion estimation method for free‐breathing body MRI using dense coil arrays.MethodsSelf‐navigating pulse sequences can measure subject motion without using external motion monitoring devices. With dense coil arrays, individual coil elements can provide localized motion estimates. An averaged motion estimate over all coils is often used for motion compensation. However, this motion estimate may not accurately represent the dominant motion within the imaging volume. In this work, a coil clustering method is proposed to automatically determine the dominant motion for dense coil arrays. The feasibility of the proposed method is investigated in free‐breathing abdominal MRI and cardiac MRI, and compared with manual motion estimate selection for respiratory motion estimation and electrocardiography for cardiac motion estimation.ResultsAutomated motion estimation achieved similar respiratory motion estimation compared to manual selection (averaged correlation coefficient 0.989 and 0.988 for abdominal MRI and cardiac MRI, respectively), and accurate cardiac triggering compared to electrocardiography (averaged temporal variability 17.5 ms).ConclusionThe proposed method can provide accurate automated motion estimation for body MRI using dense coil arrays. It can enable self‐navigated free‐breathing abdominal and cardiac MRI without the need for external motion monitoring devices. Magn Reson Med 76:197–205, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myostatin inhibitors in sports drug testing: Detection of myostatin‐neutralizing antibodies in plasma/serum by affinity purification and Western blotting
Authors: Walpurgis Katja , Thomas Andreas , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: July 2015

PurposeMyostatin is a key regulator of skeletal muscle growth and inhibition of its signaling pathway results in an increased muscle mass and function. The aim of this study was to develop a qualitative detection assay for myostatin‐neutralizing antibodies for doping control purposes by using immunological approaches.Experimental designTo detect different types of myostatin‐neutralizing antibodies irrespective of their amino acid sequence, an immunological assay specific for antibodies directed against myostatin and having a human Fc domain was established. Affinity purification and Western blotting strategies were combined to allow extracting and identifying relevant analytes from 200 μL of plasma/serum in a non‐targeted approach. The assay was characterized regarding specificity, linearity, precision, robustness, and recovery.ResultsThe assay was found to be highly specific, robust, and linear from 0.1 to 1 μg/mL. The precision was successfully specified at three different concentrations and the recovery of the affinity purification was 58%.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWithin this study, an immunological detection assay for myostatin‐neutralizing antibodies present in plasma/serum specimens was developed and successfully characterized. The presented approach can easily be modified to include other therapeutic antibodies and serves as proof‐of‐concept for the detection of antibody‐based myostatin inhibitors in doping control samples.
I2.4: Invited Paper: Rethinking the Imaging Pipeline for Energy‐Efficient Privacy‐Preserving Continuous Mobile Vision
Authors: LiKamWa Robert , Hou Yunhui , Washington Peter Y. , Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2015

Current mobile imaging pipelines, provisioned for high quality photography, are ill‐suited for wearable vision analytics, due to their high power consumption and privacy concerns, as exemplified by the slow adoption of wearables, such as Google Glass. Rather than constructing incremental improvements, we believe it is necessary to completely redesign a dedicated imaging pipeline for vision analytics.Toward this goal, we study a novel imaging pipeline, revolving around an in‐imager analog vision processor that exports a low bandwidth irreversibly encoded signal, generating vision features before analog‐to‐digital conversion. To produce this signal at low power, we introduce energy‐scaling mechanisms into the imager's analog frontend to produce the encoded signal. We use these mechanisms to generate a low‐power signal that cannot be used to reconstruct the image, yet suffices as input for vision analytics. This imaging pipeline design will simultaneously achieve privacy and efficiency for continuous mobile vision tasks.
12.1: Invited Paper: An Overview of Vision Realistic Rendering and Vision Correcting Displays
Authors: Barsky Brian A. 
Published: July 2015

Vision‐realistic rendering is the computer generation of synthetic images that incorporate the characteristics of a par‐ ticular individual's entire optical system. Specifically, we simulate the scanned foveal image from wavefront data of actual human subjects.The concept of a vision correcting display involves digitally modifying the content of a display using measurements of the optical aberrations of the viewer's eye so that the display can be seen in sharp focus by the user without requiring the use of eyeglasses or contact lenses. Given the measurements of the optical aberrations of a user's eye, a vision correcting display will present a transformed image that when viewed by this individual will appear in sharp focus. Vision correction could be provided in some cases where spectacles are ineffective.
Shoyogan improves dietary intake in severely anorexic patients with malignant or non‐malignant disease
Authors: Ito Takashi , Kimura Yoko , Shimamura Shizuka , Yamamoto Shohaku , Aoyagi Haruhiko , Ozawa Tomoaki , Suda Norio 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAimShoyogan is a Kampo medicine originally introduced as early as the 2nd century AD in Jin Gui Yao Lue. Clinical evidence of its efficacy, however, is lacking. Here, we show that shoyogan improves dietary intake in severely anorexic patients with a wide range of malignant or non‐malignant diseases.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed effectiveness of this medicine in 79 severely anorexic patients (31 with malignant disease and 48 with non‐malignant disease) following oral shoyogan treatment, and analyzed the percentage of supplied food eaten by 16 anorexic inpatients according to medical records.ResultsIn 28 severely anorexic patients with malignant disease, 18 (64%) had increased dietary intake following shoyogan treatment. In particular, 11 out of 14 patients (79%) with pulmonary cancer had increased dietary intake following treatment. Further, among 43 severely anorexic patients with non‐malignant disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and liver cirrhosis, 32 patients (74%) had increased dietary intake. In the initial 9 days of oral shoyogan treatment, the average dietary intake of 16 anorexic inpatients (7 with malignancy and 9 without) was significantly improved from 25% of the supplied amount before medication to 44% on the second day, and reached 55% on the eighth day.ConclusionsAlthough the active component(s) of shoyogan have not been identified, this Kampo medicine may be useful in the care of aged and terminally ill patients.
Visual to Print Transfer
Authors: Buelow Stephanie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article shares a literacy strategy to support students’ analysis of the theme of text and provide evidence to support their assertion. The strategy is called Visual to Print Transfer (VPT). The VPT strategy leverages students’ out‐of‐school literacy practices involving media images of Hollywood icons as a way to support their understanding of how the elements of text contribute to the underlying theme in visual images and in literature. Student work samples are provided to highlight the strategy in practice.
Biophysical and biochemical markers at 35–37 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Valiño N. , Giunta G. , Gallo D. M. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of biophysical and biochemical markers at 35–37 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.MethodsThis was a screening study in 3953 singleton pregnancies at 35–37 weeks' gestation. Estimated fetal weight (EFW), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), umbilical artery (UA)‐PI, fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA)‐PI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) were measured. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) of screening by each biomarker were estimated for pre‐eclampsia (PE), delivery of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates, Cesarean section for fetal distress before or during labor, umbilical arterial cord blood pH ≤ 7.0 or umbilical venous cord blood pH ≤ 7.1, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 and admission to the neonatal unit (NNU).ResultsMultivariable regression analysis demonstrated that significant prediction of PE was provided by PlGF, sFlt‐1 and MAP, with a DR of 73% at a 10% FPR. Prediction of SGA was provided by EFW, PlGF and UtA‐PI, with a DR of 63% at a 10% FPR. Prediction of Cesarean section for fetal distress before labor was provided by EFW and UA‐PI with DR of 100% at 10% FPR. Prediction of fetal distress in labor was provided by EFW and sFlt‐1, with a DR of 15% at a 10% FPR. There were no significant differences between those with a normal outcome and those with low cord blood pH, low Apgar score or NNU admission for any of the biomarkers assessed.ConclusionAt 35–37 weeks' gestation biomarkers of impaired placentation and fetal hypoxemia provide good prediction of PE, SGA and fetal distress before labor, but poor or no prediction of adverse events in labor or after birth. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Testing of self‐similarity and helical symmetry in vortex generator flow simulations
Authors: Fernández‐Gámiz Unai , Marika Velte Clara , Réthoré Pierre‐Elouan , Sørensen Niels N. , Egusquiza Eduard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVortex generators (VGs) are used increasingly by the wind turbine industry as flow control devices to improve rotor blade performance. According to experimental observations, the vortices generated by VGs have previously been observed to be self‐similar for both the axial (uz) and azimuthal (uθ) velocity components. Furthermore, the measured vortices have been observed to obey the criteria for helical symmetry. These are powerful results, as it reduces the highly complex 3‐D flow to merely four parameters and therefore significantly facilitates the modeling of this type of flow, which in a larger perspective can assist in parametric studies to increase the total power output of wind turbines. In this study, corresponding computer simulations using Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations have been carried out and compared with the experimental observations. The main objective is to investigate how well the simulations can reproduce these aspects of the physics of the flow, i.e., investigate if the same analytical model can be applied and therefore significantly facilitate the modeling of this type of flow, which in a larger perspective can assist in parametric studies to increase the total power output of wind turbines. This is especially interesting since these types of flows are notoriously difficult for the turbulence models to predict correctly. Using this model, parametric studies can be significantly reduced, and moreover, reliable simulations can substantially reduce the costs of the parametric studies themselves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfactant (in situ)–Surfactant (Synthetic) Interaction in Na2CO3/Surfactant/Acidic Oil Systems for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Its Contribution to Dynamic Interfacial Tension Behavior
Authors: Hadji Moundher , Al‐Rubkhi Adil , Al‐Maamari Rashid S. , Aoudia Mohamed 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effect of synthetic surfactant molecular structure on the dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT) behavior in Na2CO3/surfactant/crude oil was investigated. Three surfactants, a nonionic (iC17(EO)13), an alcohol propoxy sulfate (C14–15(PO)8SO4), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were considered in this study. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) was added to ensure complete compatibility between brine and Na2CO3. In Na2CO3/iC17(EO)13/oil and Na2CO3/C14–15(PO)8SO4/oil systems, a strong synergistic effect for lowering the dynamic interfacial tension was observed, in which the dynamic IFT are initially reduced to ultralow transient minima in the range 1.1 × 10−3–6.6 × 10−3 mNm−1 followed by an increment to a practically similar equilibrium value of 0.22 mNm−1 independent of Na2CO3 concentration (for iC17(EO)13) and to decreasing equilibrium values with increasing alkali concentrations (for C14–15(PO)8SO4). The observed difference in the equilibrium IFT for the two systems suggest that in both systems, the mixed interfacial film is efficient in reducing the dynamic interfacial tension to ultralow transient minima (∼10−3 mNm−1) but the mixed film soap‐iC17(EO)13 is much less efficient than the mixed film soap‐C14–15(PO)8SO4 in resisting soap diffusion from the interface to the bulk phases. In both systems, the synergism was attributed, in part, to the intermolecular and intramolecular ion–dipole interactions between the soap molecules and the synthetic surfactant as well as to some shielding effect of the electrostatic repulsion between the carboxylate groups by the nearby ethylene oxide (13 EO) and propylene oxide (8 PO) groups in the mixed interfacial monolayer. SDS surfactant showed a much lower synergism relative to iC17(EO)13 and C14–15(PO)8SO4, probably due to the absence of ion–dipole interactions and shielding effect in the mixed interfacial layer at the oil–water interface.
The utility of radiographs prior to pin removal after operative treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children
Authors: Schlechter John A. , Dempewolf Michael 
Published: July 2015

Purpose To determine the safety, utility, and efficacy of pin removal prior to radiographs during the postoperative care of surgically treated displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. Methods Retrospective review of 532 children with supracondylar humerus fractures treated with closed reduction and pinning from 2007 to 2012. Group 1: children who had their splint/cast removed and radiographs prior to pin removal. Group 2: children with radiographs taken after removal. Data recorded and analyzed included: demographic and radiographic data at the time of surgery and at final follow-up, including the number of radiographs taken prior to pin removal and if pins were ever retained after radiographs were performed on the date of intended removal. Results There was no difference between the groups’ demographics. The number of postoperative radiographs taken prior to pin removal ranged from zero to two. No statistically significant change in Baumann's ( p = 0.79) or lateral humeral capitellar angles ( p = 0.19) was noted between the groups. No children in group 1 (0/438) had their pins retained after radiographs were taken on the date of intended removal. Conclusion Obtaining postoperative radiographs prior to pin removal, although commonplace, is not necessary. If fracture stability is noted intraoperatively, and there is an uneventful postoperative course, it is safe and effective to discontinue immobilization and remove pins prior to X-ray. This is safely done without change in alignment or clinical sequelae. Doing so can aid in clinic flow, may decrease child anxiety, and limit multiple cast room visits. Level of evidence Level III therapeutic study.
Tenancy and African American Marriage in the Postbellum South
Authors: Bloome Deirdre , Muller Christopher 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe pervasiveness of tenancy in the postbellum South had countervailing effects on marriage between African Americans. Tenancy placed severe constraints on African American women’s ability to find independent agricultural work. Freedwomen confronted not only planters’ reluctance to contract directly with women but also whites’ refusal to sell land to African Americans. Marriage consequently became one of African American women’s few viable routes into the agricultural labor market. We find that the more counties relied on tenant farming, the more common was marriage among their youngest and oldest African American residents. However, many freedwomen resented their subordinate status within tenant marriages. Thus, we find that tenancy contributed to union dissolution as well as union formation among freedpeople. Microdata tracing individuals’ marital transitions are consistent with these county-level results.
Adolescent predictors of satisfaction with social support six years later: An Australian longitudinal study
Authors: Winefield Helen R. , Delfabbro Paul H. , Winefield Anthony H. , Plueckhahn Tania , Malvaso Catia G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe importance of socially supportive relationships in assisting people to cope with stress and adverse events is well recognised, but the trajectories whereby individuals develop the capacity to attract those supports have been infrequently studied. Taking advantage of a substantial longitudinal data set, we aimed to explore the precursors during mid‐adolescence, of satisfaction with social supports in young adulthood. Both personality factors (extraversion, neuroticism) and adolescent experiences of high‐quality interpersonal relationships with parents and peers were hypothesised to predict subsequent satisfactory supports; we wished to compare the influence of these factors. Participants in a study of the school to work transition (N = 558) provided psychosocial information at 16–17 years of age and then again six years later at 23, using paper and online questionnaires and standardised measures. Personality and family climate variables both predicted adult social support, with family cohesiveness and neuroticism having the largest roles. The possible implications for mental health promotion are discussed.
The problem with workarounds is that they work: The persistence of resource shortages
Authors: Morrison Bradley 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIndustrious, well‐intentioned workers often improvisein situsolutions to workplace challenges foist on them by shortcomings of the systems in which they work. For example, resource shortages trigger workplace pressures that may stimulate front line coping mechanisms, often called workarounds. There has been surprisingly little attention to questions about why these resource shortages occur and even more insidiously why they persist despite the apparently clear adverse consequences. Motivated by field work at a manufacturing firm adopting lean manufacturing, this paper develops a system dynamics model to understand chronic resource shortages and calls attention to the nature of workarounds as both a solution to a front line problem and a mask of the underlying system weakness. The model illuminates how the actions of various groups (e.g., managers, production workers, and other shop floor workers) interact with each other and with the physical characteristics of the workplace to sustain problematic resource shortages.
Genotyping concordance in DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tumor and whole blood for pharmacogenetic analyses
Authors: Hertz Daniel L. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Thibert Jacklyn N. , Gersch Christina , Regan Meredith M. , Skaar Todd C. , Henry N. Lynn , Hayes Daniel F. , Van Poznak Catherine H. , Rae James M. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCancer pharmacogenetic studies use archival tumor samples as a DNA source when germline DNA is unavailable. Genotyping DNA from formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded tumors (FFPE‐T) may be inaccurate due to FFPE storage, genetic aberrations, and/or insufficient DNA extraction. Our objective was to assess the extent and source of genotyping inaccuracy from FFPE‐T DNA and demonstrate analytical validity of FFPE‐T genotyping of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for pharmacogenetic analyses.MethodsCancer pharmacogenetics SNPs were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAYs in DNA harvested from matched FFPE‐T, FFPE lymph node (FFPE‐LN), and whole blood leukocyte samples obtained from breast cancer patients. No‐ and discordant‐call rates were calculated for each tissue type and SNP. Analytical validity was defined as any SNP with <5% discordance between FFPE‐T and blood and <10% discordance plus no‐calls.ResultsMatched samples from 114 patients were genotyped for 247 SNPs. No‐call rate in FFPE‐T was greater than FFPE‐LN and blood (4.3% vs. 3.0% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001). Discordant‐call rate between FFPE‐T and blood was very low, but greater than that between FFPE‐LN and blood (1.1% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001). Samples with heterozygous genotypes were more likely to be no‐ or discordantly‐called in either tissue (p < 0.001). Analytical validity of FFPE‐T genotyping was demonstrated for 218 (88%) SNPs.ConclusionsNo‐ and discordant‐call rates were below concerning thresholds, confirming that most SNPs can be accurately genotyped from FFPE‐T on our Sequenom platform. FFPE‐T is a viable DNA source for prospective–retrospective pharmacogenetic analyses of clinical trial cohorts.
Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral and Treatment (SMART) Mental Health Programme for providing innovative mental health care in rural communities in India
Authors: Maulik P. K. , Devarapalli S. , Kallakuri S. , Praveen D. , Jha V. , Patel A. 
Published: July 2015

Background.India has few mental health professionals to treat the large number of people suffering from mental disorders. Rural areas are particularly disadvantaged due to lack of trained health workers. Ways to improve care could be by training village health workers in basic mental health care, and by using innovative methods of service delivery. The ongoing Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral and Treatment Mental Health Programme will assess the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a task-shifting mobile-based intervention using mixed methods, in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.Method.The key components of the study are an anti-stigma campaign followed by a mobile-based mental health services intervention. The study will be done across two sites in rural areas, with intervention periods of 1 year and 3 months, respectively. The programme uses a mobile-based clinical decision support tool to be used by non-physician health workers and primary care physicians to screen, diagnose and manage individuals suffering from depression, suicidal risk and emotional stress. The key aim of the study will be to assess any changes in mental health services use among those screened positive following the intervention. A number of other outcomes will also be assessed using mixed methods, specifically focussed on reduction of stigma, increase in mental health awareness and other process indicators.Conclusions.This project addresses a number of objectives as outlined in the Mental Health Action Plan of World Health Organization and India's National Mental Health Programme and Policy. If successful, the next phase will involve design and conduct of a cluster randomised controlled trial.