bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A haplotype map of allohexaploid wheat reveals distinct patterns of selection on homoeologous genomes
Authors: Jordan Katherine W , Wang Shichen , Lun Yanni , Gardiner Laura-Jayne , MacLachlan Ron , Hucl Pierre , Wiebe Krysta , Wong Debbie , Forrest Kerrie L ,   IWGS Consortium, Sharpe Andrew G , Sidebottom Christine HD , Hall Neil , Toomajian Christopher , Close Timothy , Dubcovsky Jorge , Akhunova Alina , Talbert Luther , Bansal Urmil K , Bariana Harbans S , Hayden Matthew J , Pozniak Curtis , Jeddeloh Jeffrey A , Hall Anthony , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background
Bread wheat is an allopolyploid species with a large, highly repetitive genome. To investigate the impact of selection on variants distributed among homoeologous wheat genomes and to build a foundation for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships, we performed population-scale re-sequencing of a diverse panel of wheat lines.

Results
A sample of 62 diverse lines was re-sequenced using the whole exome capture and genotyping-by-sequencing approaches. We describe the allele frequency, functional significance, and chromosomal distribution of 1.57 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and 161,719 small indels. Our results suggest that duplicated homoeologous genes are under purifying selection. We find contrasting patterns of variation and inter-variant associations among wheat genomes; this, in addition to demographic factors, could be explained by differences in the effect of directional selection on duplicated homoeologs. Only a small fraction of the homoeologous regions harboring selected variants overlapped among the wheat genomes in any given wheat line. These selected regions are enriched for loci associated with agronomic traits detected in genome-wide association studies.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests that directional selection in allopolyploids rarely acted on multiple parallel advantageous mutations across homoeologous regions, likely indicating that a fitness benefit could be obtained by a mutation at any one of the homoeologs. Additional advantageous variants in other homoelogs probably either contributed little benefit, or were unavailable in populations subjected to directional selection. We hypothesize that allopolyploidy may have increased the likelihood of beneficial allele recovery by broadening the set of possible selection targets.
Tramadol half life is dose dependent in overdose
Authors: Khosrojerdi Hamid , Alipour Talesh Ghazal , Danaei Gholam Hassan , Shokooh Saremi Sara , Adab Afrouz , Afshari Reza 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Tramalol overdose is disproportionately more common in Iran. In recent years, Tramadol overdose has become one of the most common causes of poisoning admissions to emergency departments in this country. To the best of our knowledge, there is little or no information regarding the toxicokinetic properties of Tramadol such as its half life. Given the fact that poisoning management should be based on the toxicokinetic of substances, we aimed at investigating the half life of Tramadol in man as a critical toxicokinetic variable in overdose.

Methods
Blood samples of each patient were collected on admission and repeated later. Plasma was harvested after separation from blood cells by centrifugation and quantified using HPLC method. Calculations were performed on Tramadol blood concentration quantities.

Findings
Demographic: Most of cases were men (81.81%). Mean (Standard Deviation (SD), min-max) age was 23 (8.142, 17-40). Serum Tramadol levels: Mean (SD, min-max) first Tramadol concentration was 786.91 (394.53, 391-1495). Mean (SD, min-max) second Tramadol concentration was 433.09 (269.63, 148-950). Mean (SD, min-max) of Tramadol half life was calculated as 9.24 hour (2.310, 4.99-13.45) Associations: Half life was associated with higher concentrations (r=0.708 Sig=0.015).

Conclusion
We report the mean half life of tramadol in overdose to be 9.24 hours which is remarkably higher than that measured in previous pharmacokinetic studies. We also concluded that Tramadol half life is dose dependent in overdose which may explain the further consequences of severe overdoses.
Elucidating the Links Between Endocrine Disruptors and Neurodevelopment
Authors: Schug Thaddeus T. , Blawas Ashley M. , Gray Kimberly , Heindel Jerrold J. , Lawler Cindy P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Recent data indicate that approximately 12% of children in the United States are affected by neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, and autism spectrum disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates a multifactorial etiology for these disorders, with social, physical, genetic susceptibility, nutritional factors, and chemical toxicants acting together to influence risk. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during the early stages of life can disrupt normal patterns of development and thus alter brain function and disease susceptibility later in life. This article highlights research efforts and pinpoints approaches that could shed light on the possible associations between environmental chemicals that act on the endocrine system and compromised neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Effects of Chemical Structure on the Stability of Smectites in Short-Term Alteration Experiments
Authors: Nguyen-Thanh Lan , Herbert Horst-Jürgen , Kasbohm Jörn , Hoang-Minh Thao , Mählmann Rafael Ferreiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBecause of their isolating capacity, smectite-rich clays have been proposed as buffer and backfill materials in high-level radioactive waste repositories. These repositories have to guarantee long-term safety for ~1 million years. Thermodynamics and kinetics of possible alteration processes of bentonite determine its long-term performance as a barrier material. Smectites in 25 different clays and bentonites were investigated in order to identify possible differences in their rates of alteration. These samples were saturated for 30 days in 1 M NaCl solution and deionized water, and then overhead rotated at speeds of 20 rpm and 60 rpm. Depending on the octahedral and interlayer composition, each of the smectites studied had specific rate of alteration, a so-called specific dissolution potential of smectite. The bentonites were classed as ‘slow-reacting bentonite’, ‘moderate-reacting bentonite’, or ‘fast-reacting bentonite’ corresponding to a relatively low (ΔP specific dissolution potential — <-5%), moderate (-5% < ΔP < -20%), or high specific dissolution potential (ΔP > -20%), respectively. The larger the amount of octahedral Fe and Mg compared to octahedral Al, the greater the specific dissolution potential. The present study found that the interlayer composition has a discernible impact on the rate of alteration. In experiments with rotation speeds of 60 rpm and a 1 M NaCl solution, Na+ was found to be the stabilizing cation in the interlayers of all the smectites. The Na-stabilizing mechanism was identified in only some of the smectites (type A) in experiments with 20 rpm (1 M NaCl solution). A second stabilization mechanism (by interlayer cations; Ca and Mg) was identified for other smectites (type B). Each bentonite has a specific rate of alteration. ‘Slow-reacting bentonite’ and clay with smectite-illite interstratifications are recommended as potential clay barriers in HLW repositories. The experimental and analytical procedures described here could be applied to potential barrier materials to identify ‘slow-reacting bentonite’.
Autism and Families' Financial Burden: The Association With Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: Parish Susan L. , Thomas Kathleen C. , Williams Christianna S. , Crossman Morgan K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We examined the relationship between family financial burden and children's health insurance coverage in families (n  =  316) raising children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), using pooled 2000–2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. Measures of family financial burden included any out-of-pocket spending in the previous year, and spending as a percentage of families' income. Families spent an average of $9.70 per $1,000 of income on their child's health care costs. Families raising children with private insurance were more than 5 times as likely to have any out-of-pocket spending compared to publicly insured children. The most common out-of-pocket expenditure types were medications, outpatient services, and dental care. This study provides evidence of the relative inadequacy of private insurance in meeting the needs of children with ASD.
Crisis and creativity: The new cinemas of Portugal, Greece and Spain
Authors: Kourelou Olga , Liz Mariana , Vidal Belén 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article examines the new cinemas, film cultures and discourses emerging from three of the film-producing nations most adversely affected by the Eurozone crisis. Through case studies arising from Portugal, Greece and Spain, the article explores the enhanced visibility of independent film-making at a time in which the role and the very survival of the state-subsidized film industries in recession Europe has been crucially thrown into question. This comparative analysis suggests, conversely, the cyclical nature of the discourse of crisis and explores the creative responses mobilized by European cinema.
Co-forming real space blends in tactile signed language dialogues
Authors: Mesch Johanna , Raanes Eli , Ferrara Lindsay 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article reports on a linguistic study examining the use of real space blending in the tactile signed languages of Norwegian and Swedish signers who are both deaf and blind. Tactile signed languages are typically produced by interactants in contact with each other’s hands while signing. Of particular interest to this study are utterances which not only consist of the signer producing signs with his or her own hands (or other body parts), but which also recruit the other interactant’s hands (or another body part). These utterances, although perhaps less frequent, are co-constructed, in a very real sense, and they illustrate meaning construction during emerging, embodied discourse. Here, we analyze several examples of these types of utterances from a cognitive linguistic and cognitive semiotic perspective to explore how interactants prompt meaning construction through touch and the involvement of each other’s bodies during a particular type of co-regulation.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in PbTe–PbS Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhao Yu , Maurya Deepam , Miner Andrew , Khodaparast Giti A. , Priya Shashank 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the changes occurring in the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of PbTe0.9S0.1 alloy (PbTe–PbS) under varying thermal treatment conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were utilized to reveal the distribution of nano-precipitates in the annealed alloy. PbTe0.9S0.1 alloy with PbS phase precipitates displayed a significant reduction in the thermal conductivity and an enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient. The 47% reduction in lattice thermal conductivity at the measurement temperature of 300°C in the alloy annealed at 400°C was attributed to the phonon scattering occurring due to the presence of nano-precipitates. The annealed alloy displayed higher electrical conductivity at room temperature than that of the alloy without annealing. The maximum figure of merit, ZT, was found to be 0.76 at 300°C in the alloy annealed at 400°C.
Reduced numbers of peripheral blood CD27+ IgD– memory B cells in patients with aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Jentsch Holger , Purschwitz Regina , Stingu Catalina Suzana , Schmidt Jana , Sack Ulrich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a multifactorial disease with unknown association to the development and function of peripheral lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to elucidate a connection between the periodontal condition in 10 patients with AgP and their potential state of immunodeficiency. Based on full periodontal examination and radiographs, 10 females (ages 29.8±8.62 years) with established diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis were included in this study. Flow cytometric analysis revealed substantial reduction of switched memory B cells (IgM–, IgD–, CD27+) in 9 of 10 patients, whereas numbers of naïve, IgM+ memory, transitional, and activated B cells were normal. Serum levels of IgM, IgG, IgA, and subclasses were normal. In vitro differentiation of B cells showed normal amounts of secreted IgG and IgA at day 5 of culture. Our results indicate that lowered numbers of switched memory B cells – typically referred to the state of common variable immunodeficiency type I (Freiburg classification) – are unlikely to influence immunoglobulin serum levels or clinical anamnesis of our patients with AgP. Lipopolysaccharide-induced elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-8 and lowering of IL-4 are more likely to trigger a pro-inflammatory circle that attracts lymphocytes to local pockets of aggressive periodontitis.
Potential applications of curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles: from traditional therapeutics to modern nanomedicine
Authors: Rai Mahendra , Pandit Raksha , Gaikwad Swapnil , Yadav Alka , Gade Aniket 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is one of the potent, nontoxic, and major bioactive components present in turmeric. The major drawbacks of curcumin are low absorption and poor bioavailability. The present review highlights on the methods for the fabrication of curcumin nanoparticles and their applications in treatment of cancer and wound infections. Curcumin nanoparticles possess remarkable antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoan activity. Hence, curcumin nanoparticle-loaded nano-gel, microemulsion, and nano-cream can be used for drug delivery.
Ferroelectricity in Strategically Synthesized Pb-free LiNbO3-type ZnSnO3Nanostructure Arrayed Thick Films
Authors: Datta Anuja , Mukherjee Devajyoti , Kons Corisa , Witanachchi Sarath , Mukherjee Pritish 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe report the evidence of ferroelectricity from LN-type ZnSnO3nanostructure arrayed thick films (10 - 20 µm) on Si with remanent polarization value as high as ≈ 30 µC/cm2in nanowire arrays. A combined pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) technique and a solvothermal synthesis scheme was adopted to effectively synthesize the nanostructured samples assisted by conducting ZnO template-layers. The similar crystal symmetry and comparable lattice parameter between ZnO and LN-type ZnSnO3facilitated the dense growth of high-quality ZnSnO3nanostructure arrays in the form of one-dimensional vertical nanowires, nanorods and two-dimensional nanoflakes. The strategic synthesis method allowed controlled tunability of the morphology, crystallinity, and packing density of ZnSnO3nanostructures, which in turn facilitated the measurement of ferroelectric (FE) properties using a simple sandwich-device geometry. Analyses of the FE properties in relation to the structures are presented and their potential for designing future Pb-free FE devices for non-volatile memory applications is discussed.
Deposition of CVD diamond onto Zirconium
Authors: Brannan F. , May P.W. , Halliwell S.C. , Payne L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe growth of thin films of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond onto flat samples of pure Zr has been studied using various CVD growth conditions in a hot filament reactor. We find that although growth is straightforward, adhesion of the diamond layer onto the Zr is poor, with the diamond layer often delaminating upon cooling. SIMS depth profiles show this to be due to the presence of a strongly-bonded native oxide on the Zr surface which is not removed in the reducing H2 atmosphere during CVD. This, plus the lack of any substantial carbide interfacial layer to ‘glue’ the diamond onto the surface, together with a poor thermal expansion mismatch between Zr and diamond, and the Zr hcp-to-bcc phase transition at ∼860°C, all lead to poor adhesion. Some of these difficulties can be reduced by depositing at lower temperature (<500°C) at the cost of poorer quality diamond.
Migration Barriers and Evolution of Mechanical Properties of Oxide Nanoclusters Containing Helium
Authors: Danielson Thomas , Hin Celine 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHigh number densities of complex oxide nanoclusters in nanostructured ferritic alloys have been shown to act as effective trapping sites for the transmutation product helium. Density functional theory has been used to investigate the evolution of the mechanical properties of oxide nanoclusters as helium concentration increases. The migration barrier and migration path of helium in the oxide has also been tested in order to make a comparison with the barriers in BCC iron and offer insight to the helium trapping mechanisms of the oxides.
Interface Stability Analysis of a Gel Material Surrounded by Air
Authors: Garavito Garzon Carlos A. , Calderer M. Carme. , Kumar Satish 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe study the stability of small amplitude harmonic perturbation at the interface of a gel material surrounded by air. The equations describing the system's dynamics are solved using classical perturbation methods. Assuming that the amplitude decays over time, we establish conditions for the system to return to its equilibrium state. The proposed model includes the effect of the boundary conditions and can be extended to more general situation in which the material is surrounded by an arbitrary fluid.
UMRI Alumni: From Characterization of High Temperature Solution Growth Cr 2+:CdSe to Developing Videos to Enhance Metacognition and Diversity in Materials Science and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)
Authors: Adetunji Oludurotimi O. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe path from conducting cutting-edge research in materials science to developing cutting-edge approaches for student engagement in STEM fields is a logical progression of a scientist’s professional interests. This pathway has led to creating an experimental approach to curricular and pedagogical materials development, dubbed Science Cartoons (Sci-Toons), based on Multimedia Learning Theoretical Framework (MLTF). Sci-Toons are developed by groups of students (STEM and non-STEM majors), STEM and non-STEM experts, and individuals with expertise in animations. The students are provided with technical training in animation, storytelling and science. This paper describes the creative process and design structure of Sci-Toons, shares selected animation projects, and provides data on the overall viewing impacts of Sci-Toons. The Sci-Toons initiative has offered a new venue for impacting students’ engagement in STEM.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Heart Failure Among a Community-Based Sample of US Veterans
Authors: Roy Samit S. , Foraker Randi E. , Girton Richard A. , Mansfield Alyssa J. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We investigated the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and incident heart failure in a community-based sample of veterans. Methods. We examined Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System outpatient medical records for 8248 veterans between 2005 and 2012. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the development of heart failure by PTSD status. Results. Over a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, veterans with PTSD were at increased risk for developing heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.92) compared with veterans without PTSD after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, body mass index, combat service, and military service period. Additional predictors for heart failure included age (HR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.07), diabetes (HR = 2.54; 95% CI = 2.02, 3.20), hypertension (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.46), overweight (HR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.36), obesity (HR = 3.43; 95% CI = 2.50, 4.70), and combat service (HR = 4.99; 95% CI = 1.29, 19.38). Conclusions. Ours is the first large-scale longitudinal study to report an association between PTSD and incident heart failure in an outpatient sample of US veterans. Prevention and treatment efforts for heart failure and its associated risk factors should be expanded among US veterans with PTSD.
Squeezing Blood From a Stone: How Income Inequality Affects the Health of the American Workforce
Authors: Williams Jessica Allia R. , Rosenstock Linda 
Published: February 2015

Income inequality is very topical—in both political and economic circles—but although income and socioeconomic status are known determinants of health status, income inequality has garnered scant attention with respect to the health of US workers. By several measures, income inequality in the United States has risen since 1960. In addition to pressures from an increasingly competitive labor market, with cash wages losing out to benefits, workers face pressures from changes in work organization. We explored these factors and the mounting evidence of income inequality as a contributing factor to poorer health for the workforce. Although political differences may divide the policy approaches undertaken, addressing income inequality is likely to improve the overall social and health conditions for those affected.
Effect of US Health Policies on Health Care Access for Marshallese Migrants
Authors: McElfish Pearl Anna , Hallgren Emily , Yamada Seiji 
Published: February 2015

The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation previously under the administrative control of the United States. Since 1986, the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) between the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the United States allows Marshall Islands citizens to freely enter, lawfully reside, and work in the United States, and provides the United States exclusive military control of the region. When the COFA was signed, COFA migrants were eligible for Medicaid and other safety net programs. However, these migrants were excluded from benefits as a consequence of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Currently, COFA migrants have limited access to health care benefits in the United States, which perpetuates health inequalities.
Investing in Justice: Ethics, Evidence, and the Eradication Investment Cases for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis
Authors: Bailey Theodore C. , Merritt Maria W. , Tediosi Fabrizio 
Published: February 2015

It has been suggested that initiatives to eradicate specific communicable diseases need to be informed by eradication investment cases to assess the feasibility, costs, and consequences of eradication compared with elimination or control.A methodological challenge of eradication investment cases is how to account for the ethical importance of the benefits, burdens, and distributions thereof that are salient in people’s experiences of the diseases and related interventions but are not assessed in traditional approaches to health and economic evaluation.We have offered a method of ethical analysis grounded in theories of social justice. We have described the method and its philosophical rationale and illustrated its use in application to eradication investment cases for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, 2 neglected tropical diseases that are candidates for eradication.