bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for developing intestinal failure in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Gearry Richard B , Kamm Michael A , Hart Ailsa L , Bassett Paul , Gabe Simon M , Nightingale Jeremy M 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground and AimIntestinal failure (IF) is a rare but devastating complication of Crohn's disease (CD). The clinical and surgical factors that predispose to IF are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to define clinical factors that predispose to IF.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was performed using consecutive CD patients with IF who were identified from a prospective database. Local population‐based controls were selected with which to compare demographic, phenotypic, and clinical outcomes.ResultsEighty‐two CD patients requiring long‐term intravenous fluids or nutrition were studied. Diagnosis at age 16 years or less (P = 0.01) and a family history of inflammatory bowel disease (P = 0.02) were associated with a significantly higher risk for developing IF. Among the IF group, 53% had perioperative complications from intestinal resections contributing to long‐term IF. Furthermore, these patients had more abdominal surgeries (P = 0.05) and stricturing disease was less common than in patients with primary active CD (P = 0.01). IF due to primary active CD was associated with penetrating behavior (P = 0.02) and early age at first surgery (P = 0.004). The need for intravenous nutrition as opposed to intravenous fluids correlated inversely with small intestine length (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCD resulting in IF relates to earlier age at diagnosis, family history of inflammatory bowel disease, stricturing disease, younger age at first surgery, and operative complications. These factors deserve consideration when planning therapy for CD patients.
Basal release of nitric oxide in the mesenteric artery in portal hypertension and cirrhosis: Role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase
Authors: Serna Eva , Mauricio María Dolores , Lluch Paloma , Segarra Gloria , Cortina Belén , Lluch Salvador , Medina Pascual 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground and AimIncreased basal release of nitric oxide (NO) in the splanchnic circulation contributes to elevated plasma levels of NO observed in decompensated cirrhosis. We evaluated in rat mesenteric arteries whether the differences in basal release of NO, revealed by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)‐ and NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME)‐induced contractions, were associated with changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs).MethodsRat small mesenteric arteries from 14 Sham‐control, from 14 with partial portal vein ligation (PPVL), and from 14 with bile duct excision (BDE)‐induced cirrhosis were precontracted under isometric conditions with norepinephrine, and additional contractions were induced with ADMA and L‐NAME. mRNA expression of eNOS, DDAH‐1, and DDAH‐2 in mesenteric arteries were evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsADMA and L‐NAME caused concentration‐ and endothelium‐dependent contractions. pD2 values to L‐NAME were similar in all groups. In contrast, pD2 values to ADMA were similar in PPVL and BDE but were significantly lower than those of the L‐NAME and the Sham groups. Relaxation to acetylcholine was not modified by ADMA or L‐NAME but was abolished by charybdotoxin plus apamin. There was an increased mRNA expression of eNOS, DDAH‐1, and DDAH‐2 in mesenteric arteries from PPVL and BDE compared with the Sham group.ConclusionBasal release of NO is increased in mesenteric arteries of PPVL and BDE rats. The rise in expression of DDAHs indicates a higher degradation of ADMA. This would result in an increased generation of endothelial NO and mesenteric vasodilation.
Effect of dietary interventions in the maintenance of normoglycaemia in glycogen storage disease type 1a: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah K. K. , O'Dell S. D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundUntreated glycogen storage disease (GSD)‐1a patients experience hypoglycaemia and growth retardation. The present study examined the effects of dietary interventions on the maintenance of normoglycaemia.MethodsClinical trials were identified from EMBASE (January 1980 to November 2011), MEDLINE (January 1948 to November 2011) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2011, Issue 4). The intermittent administration of uncooked cornstarch was compared with: (i) continuous nocturnal feeding of dextrose; (ii) modified uncooked cornstarch; and (iii) dextrose and an uncooked cornstarch–dextrose mixture. One author extracted the data, and assessed the trial eligibility and risk of bias. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted and checked independently.ResultsOf 41 articles retrieved, five controlled trials (49 participants) were identified with follow‐up at 2 days to 14 years. Results from three nonrandomised controlled trials comparing uncooked cornstarch with continuous nocturnal feeding of dextrose were pooled in a meta‐analysis based on a fixed‐effect model. Twenty‐six participants (three trials) receiving uncooked cornstarch showed a significant increase in blood glucose concentration: mean difference (MD) 0.62 mmol L−1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23–1.00] (P = 0.002), 21 (two trials) increased serum insulin: MD 62.37 pmol L−1 (95% CI = 32.19–92.55) (P < 0.0001) and 22 (three trials) increased plasma total cholesterol: MD 0.68 mmol L−1 (95% CI = 0.17– 1.20) (P = 0.01) compared to continuous nocturnal feeding of dextrose. Twenty‐eight subjects (three trials) showed decreased plasma lactate after nocturnal feeding: MD –0.42 mmol L−1 (95% CI = −0.58 to −0.25) (P < 0.00001).ConclusionsShort‐ to long‐term overnight intermittent administration of uncooked cornstarch prevents nocturnal hypoglycaemia in GSD‐1a children more effectively than continuous nocturnal feeding of dextrose.
A Basic Bivariate Structure of Personality Attributes Evident Across Nine Languages
Authors: Saucier Gerard , Thalmayer Amber Gayle , Payne Doris L. , Carlson Robert , Sanogo Lamine , Ole‐Kotikash Leonard , Church A. Timothy , Katigbak Marcia S. , Somer Oya , Szarota Piotr , Szirmák Zsofia , Zhou Xinyue 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHere, two studies seek to characterize a parsimonious common‐denominator personality structure with optimal cross‐cultural replicability. Personality differences are observed in all human populations and cultures, but lexicons for personality attributes contain so many distinctions that parsimony is lacking. Models stipulating the most important attributes have been formulated by experts or by empirical studies drawing on experience in a very limited range of cultures. Factor analyses of personality lexicons of nine languages of diverse provenance (Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Turkish, Greek, Polish, Hungarian, Maasai, and Senoufo) were examined, and their common structure was compared to that of several prominent models in psychology. A parsimonious bivariate model showed evidence of substantial convergence and ubiquity across cultures. Analyses involving key markers of these dimensions in English indicate that they are broad dimensions involving the overlapping content of the interpersonal circumplex, models of communion and agency, and morality/warmth and competence. These “Big Two” dimensions—Social Self‐Regulation and Dynamism—provide a common‐denominator model involving the two most crucial axes of personality variation, ubiquitous across cultures. The Big Two might serve as an umbrella model serving to link diverse theoretical models and associated research literatures.
Identification of the factors that control synthesis and accumulation of a therapeutic protein, human immune‐regulatory interleukin‐10, in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Ling , Dempsey Brian R. , Gyenis Laszlo , Menassa Rima , Brandle Jim E. , Dhaubhadel Sangeeta 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPlants are one of the most economical platforms for large‐scale production of recombinant proteins for biopharmaceutical and industrial uses. A large number of human recombinant proteins of therapeutic value have been successfully produced in plant systems. One of the main technical challenges of producing recombinant proteins in plants is to obtain sufficient level of protein. This research aims to identify the factors that control synthesis and accumulation of recombinant proteins in stable transgenic plants. A stepwise dissection of human immune‐regulatory interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) protein production was carried out using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system. EMS‐mutagenized transgenic Arabidopsis IL‐10 lines, at2762 and at3262, produced significantly higher amount of IL‐10 protein than the non‐mutagenized IL‐10 line (WT‐IL‐10). The fates of trans‐gene in these sets of plants were compared in detail by measuring synthesis and accumulation of IL‐10 transcript, transcript stability, protein synthesis and IL‐10 protein accumulation. The IL‐10 transcripts were more stable in at2762 and at3262 lines than WT‐IL‐10, which may contribute to higher protein synthesis in these lines. To evaluate whether translational regulation of IL‐10 controls its synthesis in non‐mutagenized WT‐IL‐10 and higher IL‐10 accumulating mutant lines, we measured the efficiency of the translational machinery. Our results indicate that mutant lines with higher trans‐gene expression contain more robust and efficient translational machinery compared with the control line.
Age-Specific Seroprevalences of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus, Human Polyomaviruses 6, 7, and 9, and Trichodysplasia Spinulosa-Associated Polyomavirus
Authors: Nicol Jérôme T. J. , Robinot Rémy , Carpentier Audrey , Carandina Giovanni , Mazzoni Elisa , Tognon Mauro , Touzé Antoine , Coursaget Pierre 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSix new human polyomaviruses have been identified since 2008 (Merkel cell polyomavirus [MCPyV], human polyomavirus 6 [HPyV6], HPyV7, HPyV9, trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus [TSPyV], and Malawi polyomavirus [MWPyV]). The presence of specific antibodies against MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9, and TSPyV in 828 Italian subjects aged 1 to 100 years was investigated by virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The findings indicate that all of these new polyomaviruses circulate widely in humans, with seroprevalences in adulthood ranging from 39.4% for HPyV9 to 87.1% for MCPyV, and that primary exposure is most intense in childhood, with the exception of HPyV7 and HPyV9, for which the seroprevalence increased throughout life. The proportion of subjects with high antibody titers was found to increase with age for MCPyV and to decrease with age for TSPyV.
Enhanced Detection of Host Response Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi Using Immuno-PCR
Authors: Halpern Micah D. , Jain Sunny , Jewett Mollie W. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTLyme disease is the fastest-growing zoonotic disease in North America. Current methods for detection ofBorrelia burgdorferiinfection are challenged by analysis subjectivity and standardization of antigen source. In the present study, we developed an immuno-PCR (iPCR)-based approach employing recombinantin vivo-expressedB. burgdorferiantigens for objective detection of a host immune response toB. burgdorferiinfection. iPCR is a liquid-phase protein detection method that combines the sensitivity of PCR with the specificity and versatility of immunoassay-based protocols. Use of magnetic beads coated with intact spirochetes provided effective antigen presentation and allowed detection of host-generated antibodies in experimentally infected mice at day 11 postinoculation, whereas host-generated antibodies were detected at day 14 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and day 21 by immunoblotting. Furthermore, magnetic beads coated with recombinantB. burgdorferi in vivo-expressed antigen OspC or BmpA demonstrated positive detection of host-generated antibodies in mice at day 7 postinoculation with markedly increased iPCR signals above the background, with the quantification cycle (Cq) value for each sample minus the mean backgroundCqplus 3 standard deviations (ΔCq) being 4 to 10, whereas ΔCqwas 2.5 for intact spirochete-coated beads. iPCR demonstrated a strong correlation (Spearman rank correlation = 0.895,P< 0.0001) with a commercial ELISA for detection of host antibodies in human Lyme disease patient sera using theB. burgdorferiVlsE C6 peptide. In addition, iPCR showed potential applicability for direct detection of spirochetes in blood. The results presented here indicate that our iPCR assay has the potential to provide an objective format that can be used for sensitive detection of multiple host response antibodies and isotypes toB. burgdorferiinfection.
Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assay and Melting Curve Analysis for Identifying Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Souza Tamara B. , Lozer Diego M. , Kitagawa Sônia M. S. , Spano Liliana C. , Silva Neusa P. , Scaletsky Isabel C. A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

A real-time multiplex PCR assay was designed to amplify the virulence genes
eae
, pEAF,
aatA
,
daaC
,
elt
,
est
,
ipaH
,
stx
1
, and
stx
2
for the detection of all diarrheagenic
Escherichia coli
pathotypes. This assay proved to be more sensitive and rapid than a conventional multiplex PCR for diarrheagenic
E. coli
isolates from children with diarrhea.
PCR Followed by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Broad-Range Identification of Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Massire Christian , Buelow Daelynn R. , Zhang Sean X. , Lovari Robert , Matthews Heather E. , Toleno Donna M. , Ranken Raymond R. , Hall Thomas A. , Metzgar David , Sampath Rangarajan , Blyn Lawrence B. , Ecker David J. , Gu Zhengming , Walsh Thomas J. , Hayden Randall T. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. Early and accurate identification of these pathogens is central to direct therapy and to improve overall outcome. PCR coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) was evaluated as a novel means for identification of fungal pathogens. Using a database grounded by 60 ATCC reference strains, a total of 394 clinical fungal isolates (264 molds and 130 yeasts) were analyzed by PCR/ESI-MS; results were compared to phenotypic identification, and discrepant results were sequence confirmed. PCR/ESI-MS identified 81.4% of molds to either the genus or species level, with concordance rates of 89.7% and 87.4%, respectively, to phenotypic identification. Likewise, PCR/ESI-MS was able to identify 98.4% of yeasts to either the genus or species level, agreeing with 100% of phenotypic results at both the genus and species level. PCR/ESI-MS performed best with
Aspergillus
and
Candida
isolates, generating species-level identification in 94.4% and 99.2% of isolates, respectively. PCR/ESI-MS is a promising new technology for broad-range detection and identification of medically important fungal pathogens that cause invasive mycoses.
Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis Patients from Two Brazilian Cities
Authors: Lutz Larissa , Leão Robson Souza , Ferreira Alex Guerra , Pereira Dariane Castro , Raupp Caroline , Pitt Tyrone , Marques Elizabeth Andrade , Barth Afonso Luis 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Hypermutable (HPM) strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have been found at high frequencies in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Europe. We report the results of testing for HPM frequencies, mutator genotype, and antimicrobial resistance of
P. aeruginosa
strains from Brazilian CF patients. A modified disk diffusion technique was used to quantify antibiotic-resistant subpopulations of an isolate, and estimations of the frequency of mutation to rifampin resistance were determined for 705 isolates from 149 patients attending clinics in two Brazilian cities. Mutations in the
mutS
gene were detected by sequencing assays. We found 194 (27.5%) HPM isolates in samples from 99 (66.4%) patients. Thirty-five HPM isolates (18.0%) from 31 (31.3%) patients exhibited a high increased spontaneous mutation rate compared with controls, and eight isolates from six patients displayed a defective
mutS
gene. The dominant HPM population was associated with very low antibiotic resistance levels, while HPM subpopulations were generally more resistant to antimicrobials. A relatively high prevalence of HPM
P. aeruginosa
in CF patients was associated with surprisingly low antibiotic resistance levels, in contrast to some earlier studies.
Identification and Typing of Isolates of Cyphellophora and Relatives by Use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Rolling Circle Amplification
Authors: Feng Peiying , Klaassen Corné H. W. , Meis Jacques F. , Najafzadeh M. J. , Gerrits Van Den Ende A. H. G. , Xi Liyan , de Hoog G. S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe species diversity and identification of black fungi belonging toCyphellophoraandPhialophora, which colonize and infect human skin and nails, were studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 76CyphellophoraandPhialophoraisolates were evaluated, and their delimitation was compared to earlier studies using multilocus sequencing. The results of the AFLP analysis and sequencing were in complete agreement with each other. Seven species-specific padlock probes for the most prevalent species were designed on the basis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, and identification of the respective species could easily be achieved with the aid of rolling circle amplification.
Mycobacterium smegmatis in Skin Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Suppurative Granulomatous Inflammation
Authors: Xu Zhe , Lu Di , Zhang Xia , Li Haijing , Meng Shufang , Pan Yue-Song , Boyd Alan S. , Ma Lin , Tang Yi-Wei 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens, including 72 suppurative granulomatous inflammation (SGI) and 47 non-SGI controls, were tested for mycobacteria by using a broad-range PCR and a suspension array identification system.
Mycobacterium smegmatis
was detected in 13 (18.1%) of the SGI skin biopsy specimens, which was significantly more than 2 (4.3%) in the controls (odds ratio, 5.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 27.06;
P
= 0.028).
Daxx Upregulation within the Cytoplasm of Reovirus-Infected Cells Is Mediated by Interferon and Contributes to Apoptosis
Authors: Dionne Kalen R. , Zhuang Yonghua , Leser J. Smith , Tyler Kenneth L. , Clarke Penny 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Reovirus infection is a well-characterized experimental system for the study of viral pathogenesis and antiviral immunity within the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously shown that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the Fas death receptor each play a role in neuronal apoptosis occurring in reovirus-infected brains. Death-associated protein 6 (Daxx) is a cellular protein that mechanistically links Fas signaling to JNK signaling in several models of apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that Daxx is upregulated in reovirus-infected brain tissue through a type I interferon-mediated mechanism. Daxx upregulation is limited to brain regions that undergo reovirus-induced apoptosis and occurs in the cytoplasm and nucleus of neurons. Cytoplasmic Daxx is present in Fas-expressing cells during reovirus encephalitis, suggesting a role for Daxx in Fas-mediated apoptosis following reovirus infection. Further,
in vitro
expression of a dominant negative form of Daxx (DN-Daxx), which binds to Fas but which does not transmit downstream signaling, inhibits apoptosis of reovirus-infected cells. In contrast,
in vitro
depletion of Daxx results in increased expression of caspase 3 and apoptosis, suggesting that Daxx plays an antiapoptotic role in the nucleus. Overall, these data imply a regulatory role for Daxx in reovirus-induced apoptosis, depending on its location in the nucleus or cytoplasm.
Romulus and Remus, Two Phage Isolates Representing a Distinct Clade within the Twortlikevirus Genus, Display Suitable Properties for Phage Therapy Applications
Authors: Vandersteegen Katrien , Kropinski Andrew M. , Nash John H. E. , Noben Jean-Paul , Hermans Katleen , Lavigne Rob 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe renewed interest in controllingStaphylococcus aureusinfections using their natural enemies, bacteriophages, has led to the isolation of a limited number of virulent phages so far. These phages are all members of theTwortlikevirus, displaying little variance. We present two novel closely related (95.9% DNA homology) lytic myoviruses, Romulus and Remus, with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes of 131,333 bp and 134,643 bp, respectively. Despite their relatedness toStaphylococcusphages K, G1, ISP, and Twort andListeriaphages A511 and P100, Romulus and Remus can be proposed as isolates of a new species within theTwortlikevirusgenus. A distinguishing feature for these phage genomes is the unique distribution of group I introns compared to that in other staphylococcal myoviruses. In addition, a hedgehog/intein domain was found within their DNA polymerase genes, and an insertion sequence-encoded transposase exhibits splicing behavior and produces a functional portal protein. From a phage therapy application perspective, Romulus and Remus infected approximately 70% of the testedS. aureusisolates and displayed promising lytic activity against these isolates. Furthermore, both phages showed a rapid initial adsorption and demonstrated biofilm-degrading capacity in a proof-of-concept experiment.
Recombinant Influenza Virus Carrying the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F
85-93
CTL Epitope Reduces RSV Replication in Mice
Authors: De Baets Sarah , Schepens Bert , Sedeyn Koen , Schotsaert Michael , Roose Kenny , Bogaert Pieter , Fiers Walter , Saelens Xavier 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. Despite decades of research, there is still no registered vaccine available for this major pathogen. We investigated the protective efficacy of a recombinant influenza virus, PR8/NA-F
85–93
, that carries the RSV CD8
+
T cell epitope F
85–93
in its neuraminidase stalk. F
85–93
-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced in mice after a single intranasal immunization with PR8/NA-F
85-93
virus, and these CTLs provided a significant reduction in the lung viral load upon a subsequent challenge with RSV. To avoid influenza-induced morbidity, we treated mice with matrix protein 2 (M2e)-specific monoclonal antibodies before PR8/NA-F
85-93
virus infection. Treatment with anti-M2e antibodies reduced the infiltration of immune cells in the lungs upon PR8/NA-F
85-93
infection, whereas the formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was not affected. Moreover, this treatment prevented body weight loss yet still permitted the induction of RSV F-specific T cell responses and significantly reduced RSV replication upon challenge. These results demonstrate that it is possible to take advantage of the infection-permissive protection of M2e-specific antibodies against influenza A virus to induce heterologous CD8
+
T cell-mediated immunity by an influenza A virus vector expressing the RSV F
85-93
epitope.