bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of pleural malignancies by photo‐induction combined to systemic chemotherapy: Proof of concept on rodent lung tumors and feasibility study on porcine chest cavities
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Gronchi Fabrizio , Bensimon Michael , Mercier Thomas , Decosterd Laurent Arthur , Wagnières Georges , Debefve Elodie , Ris Hans‐Beat , Letovanec Igor , Peters Solange , Perentes Jean Yannis 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundLow‐dose, Visudyne®‐mediated photodynamic therapy (photo‐induction) was shown to selectively enhance tumor vessel transport causing increased uptake of systemically administered chemotherapy in various tumor types grown on rodent lungs. The present experiments explore the efficacy of photo‐induced vessel modulation combined to intravenous (IV) liposomal cisplatin (Lipoplatin®) on rodent lung tumors and the feasibility/toxicity of this approach in porcine chest cavities.Material and MethodsThree groups of Fischer rats underwent orthotopic sarcoma (n = 14), mesothelioma (n = 14), or adenocarcinoma (n = 12) implantation on the left lung. Half of the animals of each group had photo‐induction (0.0625 mg/kg Visudyne®, 10 J/cm2) followed by IV administration of Lipoplatin® (5 mg/kg) and the other half received Lipoplatin® without photo‐induction. Then, two groups of minipigs underwent intrapleural thoracoscopic (VATS) photo‐induction (0.0625 mg/kg Visudyne®; 30 J/cm2 hilum; 10 J/cm2 apex/diaphragm) with in situ light dosimetry in combination with IV Lipoplatin® administration (5 mg/kg). Protocol I (n = 6) received Lipoplatin® immediately after light delivery and Protocol II (n = 9) 90 minutes before light delivery. Three additional animals received Lipoplatin® and VATS pleural biopsies but no photo‐induction (controls). Lipoplatin® concentrations were analyzed in blood and tissues before and at regular intervals after photo‐induction using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsPhoto‐induction selectively increased Lipoplatin® uptake in all orthotopic tumors. It significantly increased the ratio of tumor to lung Lipoplatin® concentration in sarcoma (P = 0.0008) and adenocarcinoma (P = 0.01) but not in mesothelioma, compared to IV drug application alone. In minipigs, intrapleural photo‐induction combined to systemic Lipoplatin® was well tolerated with no toxicity at 7 days for both treatment protocols. The pleural Lipoplatin® concentrations were not significantly different at 10 and 30 J/cm2 locations but they were significantly higher in protocol I compared to II (2.37 ± 0.7 vs. 1.37 ± 0.7 ng/mg, P  < 0.001).ConclusionVisudyne®‐mediated photo‐induction selectively enhances the uptake of IV administered Lipoplatin® in rodent lung tumors. Intrapleural VATS photo‐induction with identical treatment conditions combined to IV Lipoplatin chemotherapy is feasible and well tolerated in a porcine model. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:807–816, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevention of abdominal adhesions and healing skin after peritoniectomy using low level laser
Authors: Teixeira Mara L.C.D. , Vasconcellos Leonardo S. , Oliveira Tharcisio G. , Petroianu Andy , Alberti Luiz R. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundAdhesions commonly occur after abdominal surgery and can cause bowel obstruction, chronic abdominal pain, and infertility. Their prevention remains a challenge.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of the application of low‐level lasers on the prevention of adhesions and scarring of the skin after peritoniectomia.MethodTwenty‐four New Zealand breed male rabbits, approximately 2 months of age, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8): GC—control group not subjected to laser, GL1—group with laser application at a dose of 0.2 J, and GL2—group with laser application at a dose of 3.6 J. All animals received a longitudinal midline incision and a bilateral resection of the peritoneal fragment, measuring 3 × 1 cm2. The animals received a laser treatment of one application every 24 hours, beginning at the time of surgery and lasting for a period of 4 days. After 14 days post‐surgery, the animals were killed and adhesion formation was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by means of a laparotomy shaped inverted “U”, which allowed for the verification of the broad wall of the abdominal cavity and organs. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.ResultsThe adhesion formation was observed in 100% of the rabbits from groups GC and GL1, as compared to 37.5% of the rabbits from group GL2 (P < 0.01). The evaluation of the vascularization and tenacity of adhesions among the groups showed no significant difference. In groups CG and GL1, 72% and 83% of adhesions were verified between visceras, respectively whereas in GL2 occurred among abdominal wall. The tensile strength of the skin between the groups was not significant (P = 0.3106). The resistance of abdominal wall segments without skin he resistance of skin segments between groups GL2 and GC were higher than in GL1 (P = 0.01).ConclusionLow‐level LASER is effective in preventing intra‐abdominal adhesions in rabbits without compromising strength and healing of the abdominal wall. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:817–823, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Human Circadian System Has a Dominating Role in Causing the Morning/Evening Difference in Diet‐Induced Thermogenesis
Authors: Morris Christopher J. , Garcia Joanna I. , Myers Samantha , Yang Jessica N. , Trienekens Noortje , Scheer Frank A.J.L. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveDiet‐induced thermogenesis (DIT) is lower in the evening and at night than in the morning. This may help explain why meal timing affects body weight regulation and why shift work is a risk factor for obesity. The separate effects of the endogenous circadian system—independent of behavioral cycles—and of circadian misalignment on DIT are unknown.MethodsThirteen healthy adults undertook a randomized crossover study with two 8‐day laboratory visits: three baseline days followed either by repeated simulated night shifts including 12‐h inverted behavioral cycles (circadian misalignment) or by recurring simulated day shifts (circadian alignment). DIT was determined for up to 114 min (hereafter referred to as “early DIT”) following identical meals given at 8AM and 8PM in both protocols.ResultsDuring baseline days, early DIT was 44% lower in the evening than morning. This was primarily explained by a circadian influence rather than any behavioral cycle effect; early DIT was 50% lower in the biological evening than biological morning, independent of behavioral cycle influences. Circadian misalignment had no overall effect on early DIT.ConclusionsThe circadian system plays a dominating role in the morning/evening difference in early DIT and may contribute to the effects of meal timing on body weight regulation.
Frequent Self‐Weighing with Electronic Graphic Feedback to Prevent Age‐Related Weight Gain in Young Adults
Authors: Bertz Fredrik , Pacanowski Carly R. , Levitsky David A. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveAn intervention using Wi‐Fi scales and graphic e‐mail feedback, the caloric titration method (CTM), to reduce age‐related weight gain over 1 year among college students was evaluated.MethodsFirst‐year college students (n = 167) were randomized to CTM or control (C) groups and provided Wi‐Fi scales. The CTM group was instructed to weigh daily, view a weight graph e‐mailed to them after weighing, and try to maintain their weight. The C group could weigh at any time but did not receive feedback. At 6 months and 1 year, the C group provided weights. For intention to treat analysis, an adjusted mixed model was used to analyze the effect of the intervention.ResultsBaseline body mass index was 22.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2. Ninety‐five percent of the CTM participants weighed ≥3 times/week, compared to 15% in the C group (P < 0.001). After 1 year, the C group had gained 1.1 ± 4.4 kg whereas the CTM group lost 0.5 ± 3.7 kg (F = 3.39, P = 0.035). The difference in weight change between the two groups at 1 year was significant (P = 0.004). Retention was 81%.ConclusionsCTM intervention was effective in preventing age‐related weight gain in young adults over 1 year and thus offers promise to reduce overweight and obesity.
Liver Fibrosis Predicts Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Spitznagel Mary Beth , Gunstad John , Manderino Lisa , Heinberg Leslie 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveObesity is a well‐established risk factor for poor neurological outcomes, and bariatric surgery has been shown to improve many aspects of cognitive function. Factors underlying improved cognition following surgery are not yet fully established. A recent study of bariatric surgery patients demonstrated lower preoperative alkaline phosphatase concentrations were linked to greater postoperative cognitive improvement, but this link has not been examined via liver biopsy. The current study examined postoperative cognitive function in individuals with and without fibrosis at the time of bariatric surgery. It expected that those with fibrosis would demonstrate poorer postoperative cognition.MethodsThirty‐six bariatric surgery patients underwent routine liver biopsy at the time of surgery and completed cognitive testing 1 month postoperatively.ResultsBariatric surgery patients with fibrosis demonstrated poorer performance on a task of executive function (maze errors, P = 0.01) and verbal memory (recognition memory, P = 0.01).ConclusionsBariatric surgery patients with fibrosis demonstrated poorer cognition following surgery, providing further evidence for the connection between liver disease and cognitive function. Future work examining mechanisms underlying bariatric postoperative cognitive changes should include examination of broader metabolic functions, particularly liver function.
Regeneration versus scarring in vertebrate appendages and heart
Authors: Jaźwińska Anna , Sallin Pauline 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInjuries to complex human organs, such as the limbs and the heart, result in pathological conditions, for which we often lack adequate treatments. While modern regenerative approaches are based on the transplantation of stem cell‐derived cells, natural regeneration in lower vertebrates, such as zebrafish and newts, relies predominantly on the intrinsic plasticity of mature tissues. This property involves local activation of the remaining material at the site of injury to promote cell division, cell migration and complete reproduction of the missing structure. It remains an unresolved question why adult mammals are not equally competent to reactivate morphogenetic programmes. Although organ regeneration depends strongly on the proliferative properties of cells in the injured tissue, it is apparent that various organismic factors, such as innervation, vascularization, hormones, metabolism and the immune system, can affect this process. Here, we focus on a correlation between the regenerative capacity and cellular specialization in the context of functional demands, as illustrated by appendages and heart in diverse vertebrates. Elucidation of the differences between homologous regenerative and non‐regenerative tissues from various animal models is essential for understanding the applicability of lessons learned from the study of regenerative biology to clinical strategies for the treatment of injured human organs. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Mouse models of intestinal cancer
Authors: Jackstadt Rene , Sansom Owen J 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMurine models of intestinal cancer are powerful tools to recapitulate human intestinal cancer, understand its biology and test therapies. With recent developments identifying the importance of the tumour microenvironment and the potential for immunotherapy, autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) will remain an important part of preclinical studies for the foreseeable future. This review will provide an overview of the current mouse models of intestinal cancer, from the ApcMin/+ mouse, which has been used for over 25 years, to the latest ‘state‐of‐the‐art’ organoid models. We discuss here how these models have been used to define fundamental processes involved in tumour initiation and the attempts to generate metastatic models, which is the ultimate cause of cancer mortality. Together these models will provide key insights to understand this complex disease and hopefully will lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. © 2015 The Authors. Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Large animal models of atherosclerosis – new tools for persistent problems in cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Shim J , Al‐Mashhadi RH , Sørensen CB , Bentzon JF 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCoronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke caused by atherosclerosis are leading causes of illness and death worldwide. Small animal models have provided insight into the fundamental mechanisms driving early atherosclerosis, but it is increasingly clear that new strategies and research tools are needed to translate these discoveries into improved prevention and treatment of symptomatic atherosclerosis in humans. Key challenges include better understanding of processes in late atherosclerosis, factors affecting atherosclerosis in the coronary bed, and the development of reliable imaging biomarker tools for risk stratification and monitoring of drug effects in humans. Efficient large animal models of atherosclerosis may help tackle these problems. Recent years have seen tremendous advances in gene‐editing tools for large animals. This has made it possible to create gene‐modified minipigs that develop atherosclerosis with many similarities to humans in terms of predilection for lesion sites and histopathology. Together with existing porcine models of atherosclerosis that are based on spontaneous mutations or severe diabetes, such models open new avenues for translational research in atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the merits of different animal models of atherosclerosis and give examples of important research problems where porcine models could prove pivotal for progress. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo correlates of physiological and neoplastic human Fallopian tube stem cells
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Ning Gang , Howitt Brooke E , Mehra Karishma , Wu Lingyan , Wang Xia , Hong Yue , Kern Florian , Wei Tay Seok , Zhang Ting , Nagarajan Niranjan , Basuli Debargha , Torti Suzy , Brewer Molly , Choolani Mahesh , McKeon Frank , Crum Christopher P , Xian Wa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHigh‐grade serous cancer (HGSC) progresses to advanced stages without symptoms and the 5‐year survival rate is a dismal 30%. Recent studies of ovaries and Fallopian tubes in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have documented a pre‐metastatic intramucosal neoplasm that is found almost exclusively in the Fallopian tube, termed ‘serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma’ or STIC. Moreover, other proliferations, termed p53 signatures, secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs), and lower‐grade serous tubal intraepithelial neoplasms (STINs) fall short of STIC but share similar alterations in expression, in keeping with an underpinning of genomic disturbances involved in, or occurring in parallel with, serous carcinogenesis. To gain insight into the cellular origins of this unique tubal pathway to high‐grade serous cancer, we cloned and both immortalized and transformed Fallopian tube stem cells (FTSCs). We demonstrated that pedigrees of FTSCs were capable of multipotent differentiation and that the tumours derived from transformed FTSCs shared the histological and molecular features of HGSC. We also demonstrated that altered expression of some biomarkers seen in transformed FTSCs and HGSCs (stathmin, EZH2, CXCR4, CXCL12, and FOXM1) could be seen as well in immortalized cells and their in vivo counterparts SCOUTs and STINs. Thus, a whole‐genome transcriptome analysis comparing FTSCs, immortalized FTSCs, and transformed FTSCs showed a clear molecular progression sequence that is recapitulated by the spectrum of accumulated perturbations characterizing the range of proliferations seen in vivo. Biomarkers unique to STIC relative to normal tubal epithelium provide a basis for novel detection approaches to early HGSC, but must be viewed critically given their potential expression in lesser proliferations. Perturbations shared by both immortalized and transformed FTSCs may provide unique early targets for prevention strategies. Central to these efforts has been the ability to clone and perpetuate multipotent FTSCs. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic transcriptome analysis reveals elevated expression of alcohol‐metabolizing genes in NAFLD livers
Authors: Zhu Ruixin , Baker Susan S , Moylan Cynthia A , Abdelmalek Manal F , Guy Cynthia D , Zamboni Fausto , Wu Dingfeng , Lin Weili , Liu Wensheng , Baker Robert D , Govindarajan Sugantha , Cao Zhiwei , Farci Patrizia , Diehl Anna Mae , Zhu Lixin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObese animals and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients exhibit elevated blood alcohol, suggesting potential contributions of alcohol metabolism to the development of NAFLD. Liver gene expression in patients with biopsy‐proven mild (N = 40) and severe (N = 32) NAFLD were compared to that in healthy liver donors (N = 7) and alcoholic hepatitis (AH; N = 15) using microarrays. Principal components analyses (PCA) revealed similar gene expression patterns between mild and severe NAFLD which clustered with those of AH but were distinct from those of healthy livers. Differential gene expression between NAFLD and healthy livers was consistent with established NAFLD‐associated genes and NAFLD pathophysiology. Alcohol‐metabolizing enzymes including ADH, ALDH, CYP2E1, and CAT were up‐regulated in NAFLD livers. The expression level of alcohol‐metabolizing genes in severe NAFLD was similar to that in AH. The NAFLD gene expression profiles provide new directions for future investigations to identify disease markers and targets for prevention and treatment, as well as to foster our understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Particularly, increased expression of alcohol‐metabolizing genes in NAFLD livers supports a role for endogenous alcohol metabolism in NAFLD pathology and provides further support for gut microbiome therapy in NAFLD management. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley © Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Detection of Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids and Alkaloids in Abri Herba and Abri Mollis Herba using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yan Wenying , Han Qingjie , Guo Panpan , Wang Chunying , Zhang Zijian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionAbri Herba has remarkable properties, such as cleanup heat detoxification, dampness and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis; as a result, it has been applied to treat acute or chronic hepatitis and mastitis. Abri mollis Herba is often used as Abri Herba. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to compare the similarities and differences of the chemical compositions in the two types of medicinal materials.ObjectiveTo establish a high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 15 flavonoids, two phenolic acids and three alkaloids in Abri Herba and Abri mollis Herba.MethodologyThe chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol (A), acetonitrile (B) and 0.5‰ acetic acid in water (C) using gradient elution. The detection of the target compounds was performed in multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with positive/negative ion‐switching electrospray ionisation (ESI) source.ResultsThe developed method is reliable, sensitive and specific. In addition, the method has been successfully applied to differentiate 15 batches of Abri Herba and 27 batches of Abri mollis Herba stems. Furthermore, a comparison of the contents among stems, roots and leaves from the same strain in seven batches of Abri mollis Herba and four batches of Abri Herba has also been performed.ConclusionHPLC–MS/MS method is sensitive and selective and can be suitable for the reliable quality control of Abri mollis Herba and Abri Herba. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspective: Do macromolecules play a role in the mechanisms of nerve stimulation and nervous transmission?
Authors: Wnek Gary E. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTFibrillar macromolecular networks are ubiquitous in biological systems, from cellular cytoskeletons to tissues such as muscle and tendon. The presence of such networks in neuronal tissue is known, for example, in the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix in and around neuronal and glial cells, but their function is believed to be principally mechanical/structural in nature. However, there has long been speculation regarding a broader role for neuronal fibrillar macromolecules, which are anionic polyelectrolytes, specifically regarding their participation in nervous stimulation and transmission. This Perspective reviews literature that spans more than a century, including very recent work, and attempts to build a case for considering a multifunctional role for such macromolecules that includes participation in not only nervous activity but also in diverse phenomena including electric communication within and between cells and mechanisms of anesthetic action. Perhaps the creation and utilization of “artificial axons” is within reach with design rules coming at least in part from fundamental considerations of macromolecular science. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 7–14
Reversible plasticity shape memory polymers: Key factors and applications
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Tang Zhenghai , Guo Baochun 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTReversible plasticity shape memory (RPSM) polymers have been emerging as new smart materials with distinctions compared with conventional SMPs, such as easier shaping programming, stronger recovery stress, and higher recovery strain. For purposeful control of the structure, and therefore the physical and mechanical properties, a full understanding of the deformation habits of such materials under different conditions is essential. This perspective provides the context as to how the deformation temperature and fixing conditions influence the fixity and recovery behavior of RPSM polymers and what are the optimized conditions for RPSM. We hope that this will afford useful information for fabricating RPSM polymers with better memory properties and promote the technical development of new design methods of such materials for advanced applications © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1295–1299