bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Old Gods Are Losing Power!’: Theologies of power and rituals of productivity in a Tamil Nadu village
Authors: ARUMUGAM INDIRA 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSome Hindus are killing animals in larger numbers, more regularly, and in more spectacular fashions than they have ever done before. In contradiction of the ethnographic record asserting the diminishing significance of ritual killing since the nineteenth century, sacrifices to tutelary deities that had long been abandoned are being reactivated or enacted for the first time. However, such a counter-intuitive surge in the popularity of sacrifices is occurring at a time when the very deities to whom they are dedicated are apparently losing their potency. This seeming paradox, this article proposes, is an implication of both the entrenchment of electoral democracy and the material transformations accompanying economic liberalization in rural Tamil Nadu. In an electoral democracy, the political significance of tutelary deities—and consequently their charisma—has diminished. Their productive valence however, as exemplified in ritual sacrifices, has become ever more resonant in India's post-liberalization milieu, with its heightened sense of opportunity but also competitiveness and uncertainty.
Nesting ecology and population trend of leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea at Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica
Authors: Rivas Marga L. , Fernández Carlos , Marco Adolfo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, the only extant species in its family, is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The protection of nesting beaches and the associated conservation efforts along the Western Atlantic coast of Central America have improved the population trends of some of the most important rookeries. Here we report the life history, ecology and population trends of leatherback turtles over 18 years (1994–2012, excluding 1998) of effective protection in the Pacuare Nature Reserve, on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. A mean density of 142 nests per km, probably the highest in Central America, indicates the importance of this rookery within the Caribbean region. Long-term conservation efforts at the Reserve have significantly reduced poaching and contributed to maintaining a high level of hatchling production. Long-term monitoring has also facilitated estimation of relevant demographic parameters of the population, such as nesting success (mean 69.8 ± SD 7.3%), clutch size (which is positively correlated with female size), hatching success (mean 55.2 ± SD 6.0%), remigration interval (2.5 years), and growth rate of remigrant females (mean 0.3 ± SD 1.0 cm per year), which is slightly faster than growth rates reported for Pacific leatherback turtles. Overall, efforts at Pacuare have been successful in protecting leatherback turtles and understanding their life history, highlighting the importance of long-term conservation projects for maintaining threatened leatherback populations.
A space–time model for carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) cluster quantification in a high-complexity hospital
Authors: ABBOUD C. S. , MONTEIRO J. , FRANÇA J. I. D. , PIGNATARI A. C. , SOUZA E. E. DE , CAMARGO E. C. G. , MONTEIRO A. M. V. , SANTOS R. G. DOS , KIFFER C. R. V. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYA retrospective space–time permutation model with non-Euclidean distance criteria was applied within a high-complexity hospital setting to quantitatively explore cluster patterns of 273 patients infected with or colonized by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae during 4 years. Results were compared to standard nosocomial active-surveillance methods. Two clusters were identified in the period, suggesting that space–time strategies for cluster quantification within confined environments may be useful.
Symptom CheckList-90-R: Proposed Scales in a Probability Sample of Adolescents from the General Population
Authors: Felipe-Castaño Elena , León-del-Barco Benito , López-Pina José Antonio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo provide questionnaires for clinical assessment with scales adapted for adolescents would benefit clinical practice as well as research. The aim of this paper is to report normative data for adolescents on the SCL-90-R using a probability sample from the community. The participants were 1,663 adolescents, 845 girls and 818 boys, with an average age of 14.26 (SD= 1.36). They were selected through stratified cluster sampling with groups randomly selected from schools. Sampling error was estimated at 4% with a 95.5% confidence level. Cohen´sdeffect sizes are reported for age-group. We found significant differences across participants according to gender and age on SCL-90-R Global Scores and Symptom Dimensions. Thus, we provide normative data, divided according to age and gender.
Partisan Bias in Blame Attribution: When Does it Occur?
Authors: Healy Andrew , Kuo Alexander G. , Malhotra Neil 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHow do citizens attribute blame in the wake of government failure? Does partisanship bias these attributions? While partisan cues may serve as useful guides when citizens are evaluating public policies, those cues are likely to be less informative and more distortionary when evaluating government performance regarding a crisis. We address these questions by examining blame attributions to government appointees for the 9/11 terrorist attacks. We implement an experimental design in a nationally representative survey that builds on previous work in two ways: (1) we manipulate party labels for the same officials in a real-world setting by considering appointees who were nominated at different times by presidents of different parties; and (2) we examine how domain relevance moderates partisan bias. We find that partisan bias in attributions is strongest when officials are domain relevant, a finding that has troubling implications for representative democracy.
Crystalline structures of polymeric hydrocarbon with 3,4-fold helical chains
Authors: Lian Chao-Sheng , Li Han-Dong , Wang Jian-Tao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMolecular hydrocarbons are well-known to polymerize under pressure to form covalently bonded frameworks. Here we predict by ab initio calculations two distinct three-dimensional hydrocarbon crystalline structures composed of 3-fold and 4-fold helical CH chains in rhombohedral ("Equation missing") and tetragonal (I41/a) symmetry, respectively. Both structures with 1:1 stoichiometry are found to be energetically more favorable than solid acetylene and cubane and even more stable than benzene II solid at high pressure. The calculations on vibrational, electronic and optical properties reveal that the new chiral hydrocarbons are dynamically stable with large bulk moduli around 200 GPa and exhibit a transparent insulating behavior with indirect band gaps of 5.9 ~ 6.7 eV and anisotropic adsorption spectra. Such forms of hydrocarbon, once synthesized, would have wide applications in mechanical, optoelectronic and biological materials.
Catheter-Based Radiofrequency Renal Denervation: Location Effects on Renal Norepinephrine
Authors: Henegar Jeffrey R. , Zhang Yongxing , Hata Cary , Narciso Irvin , Hall Michael E. , Hall John E. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND
Clinical studies indicate that blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of radiofrequency (RF) renal denervation (RD) are sustained for up to 2 years, although a recent clinical trial failed to find a major effect compared to sham treatment. In most previous studies, the efficacy of RD has not been assessed. The current study determined whether RD in different regions of the renal artery causes different degrees of RD as assessed with renal norepinephrine (NE) levels.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Unilateral RD was performed on 14 pigs divided into 3 groups: RD near the ostium, in the main renal artery near the bifurcation, and in extrarenal branches of the renal artery. After 2 weeks post-RD, the pigs were euthanized, renal cortex tissue was collected for NE measurement, and renal arteries were prepared for histological analysis. Renal NE decreased by 12% with RD at the ostium, 45% with RD near the bifurcation in the main renal artery, and 74% when RD was performed in extrarenal artery branches. The number of renal nerves was greatest in extrarenal branches and in the main artery compared to the ostium and the average distance from the lumen was greatest for nerves at the ostium and least at the branches.

CONCLUSIONS
RF RD lowers renal NE more significantly when performed in branches of the renal artery closer to the kidney. Increased efficacy of RF RD in extrarenal arterial branches may be due to the greater number of nerves in close proximity to the artery lumen in the branches.
PANNZER: high-throughput functional annotation of uncharacterized proteins in an error-prone environment
Authors: Koskinen Patrik , Törönen Petri , Nokso-Koivisto Jussi , Holm Liisa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMotivation: The last decade has seen a remarkable growth in protein databases. This growth comes at a price: a growing number of submitted protein sequences lack functional annotation. Approximately 32% of sequences submitted to the most comprehensive protein database UniProtKB are labelled as ‘Unknown protein’ or alike. Also the functionally annotated parts are reported to contain 30–40% of errors. Here, we introduce a high-throughput tool for more reliable functional annotation called Protein ANNotation with Z-score (PANNZER). PANNZER predicts Gene Ontology (GO) classes and free text descriptions about protein functionality. PANNZER uses weighted k-nearest neighbour methods with statistical testing to maximize the reliability of a functional annotation.Results: Our results in free text description line prediction show that we outperformed all competing methods with a clear margin. In GO prediction we show clear improvement to our older method that performed well in CAFA 2011 challenge.Availability and implementation: The PANNZER program was developed using the Python programming language (Version 2.6). The stand-alone installation of the PANNZER requires MySQL database for data storage and the BLAST (BLASTALL v.2.2.21) tools for the sequence similarity search. The tutorial, evaluation test sets and results are available on the PANNZER web site. PANNZER is freely available at http://ekhidna.biocenter.helsinki.fi/pannzer.Contact: patrik.koskinen@helsinki.fiSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
scrm: efficiently simulating long sequences using the approximated coalescent with recombination
Authors: Staab Paul R. , Zhu Sha , Metzler Dirk , Lunter Gerton 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Coalescent-based simulation software for genomic sequences allows the efficient in silico generation of short- and medium-sized genetic sequences. However, the simulation of genome-size datasets as produced by next-generation sequencing is currently only possible using fairly crude approximations.
Results: We present the sequential coalescent with recombination model (SCRM), a new method that efficiently and accurately approximates the coalescent with recombination, closing the gap between current approximations and the exact model. We present an efficient implementation and show that it can simulate genomic-scale datasets with an essentially correct linkage structure.
Availability and implementation: The open source implementation scrm is freely available at https://scrm.github.io under the conditions of the GPLv3 license.
Contact: staab@bio.lmu.de or gerton.lunter@well.ox.ac.uk.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ADME SARfari: comparative genomics of drug metabolizing systems
Authors: Davies Mark , Dedman Nathan , Hersey Anne , Papadatos George , Hall Matthew D. , Cucurull-Sanchez Lourdes , Jeffrey Phil , Hasan Samiul , Eddershaw Peter J. , Overington John P. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Motivation: ADME SARfari is a freely available web resource that enables comparative analyses of drug-disposition genes. It does so by integrating a number of publicly available data sources, which have subsequently been used to build data mining services, predictive tools and visualizations for drug metabolism researchers. The data include the interactions of small molecules with ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) proteins responsible for the metabolism and transport of molecules; available pharmacokinetic (PK) data; protein sequences of ADME-related molecular targets for pre-clinical model species and human; alignments of the orthologues including information on known SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) and information on the tissue distribution of these proteins. In addition, in silico models have been developed, which enable users to predict which ADME relevant protein targets a novel compound is likely to interact with.
Availability and implementation: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/admesarfari
Contact: jpo@ebi.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phytoplankton bloom phenomena in the North Atlantic Ocean and Arabian Sea
Authors: Marra John F. , Dickey Tommy D. , Plueddemann Albert J. , Weller Robert A. , Kinkade Christopher S. , Stramska Malgorzata 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We review bio-optical and physical data from three mooring experiments, the Marine Light–Mixed Layers programme in spring 1989 and 1991 in the Iceland Basin (59°N/21°W), and the Forced Upper Ocean Dynamics Experiment in the central Arabian Sea from October 1994 to 1995 (15.5°N/61.5°E). In the Iceland Basin, from mid-April to mid-June in 1989, chlorophyll-a concentrations are sensitive to small changes in stratification, with intermittent increases early in the record. The spring increase occurs after 20 May, coincident with persistent water column stratification. In 1991, the bloom occurs 2 weeks earlier than in 1989, with a background of strong short-term and diurnal variability in mixed layer depth and minimal horizontal advection. In the Arabian Sea, the mixing response to the northeast and southwest monsoons, plus the response to mesoscale eddies, produces four blooms over the annual cycle. The mixed layer depth in the Arabian Sea never exceeds the euphotic zone, allowing interactions between phytoplankton and grazer populations to become important. For all three mooring experiments, change in water column stratification is key in producing phytoplankton blooms.
Scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) emergence patterns and catchability
Authors: Tuck Ian D. , Parsons Darren M. , Hartill Bruce W. , Chiswell Stephen M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Catchability is often a key source of uncertainty with any stock assessment, but especially for burrowing species, as their emergent behaviour is often poorly understood. Quantification of catchability will provide a major step towards improvements in the assessment for many species. Scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) are widely distributed around New Zealand, and as with Nephrops (Norway lobster), they occupy burrows in muddy substrate, and are exploited through trawl fisheries, but are only available to these fisheries when emerged on the seabed. Burrow emergence is known to vary over daily and longer cycles. Uncertainty over trawl catchability associated with emergence patterns has led to the development of photographic survey approaches for scampi, based on the counts of burrows. Both survey approaches require an understanding of burrow occupancy and emergence rates to estimate trawl/photo survey catchability, which is a key source of uncertainty. We used acoustic tagging to examine levels of and patterns in the emergence of Metanephrops, using hydrophone receivers moored close to the seabed. Strong emergence cycles were apparent in relation to tidal current (higher emergence with inshore water flow across the slope) and time of day (peaking just after dawn). These data have subsequently been used within a length-based stock assessment of New Zealand scampi, which uses emergence data in conjunction with burrow and animal counts from photographic surveys, for the first time, to inform priors for trawl (mean 0.094) and photographic (mean 0.46) survey catchability, and for burrow occupancy (mean 49.3%).
Transrectal Prostate Biopsy-Associated Prophylaxis and Infectious Complications: Report of a Query to the Emerging Infections Network of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Johnson James R. , Polgreen Philip M. , Beekmann Susan E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground.  Fluoroquinolone-resistant infections after transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB) are increasing.Methods.  Members of the Emerging Infections Network, a consortium of adult infectious diseases physicians sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, were administered an electronic 9-question survey regarding post-TRPB infections and associated prophylaxis. Results were compared with respondent characteristics.Results.  The overall response rate was 47% (552 of 1180). Of the 552 respondents, 234 (42%) reported that this problem was not applicable to their practice. The remaining 318 (58%) reported that, despite widespread recent changes in prophylactic regimens, fluoroquinolone monotherapy still was most common, but diverse alternate or supplemental oral and parenteral antibiotics (including imipenem) also were used. Reports of culture-guided prophylaxis were rare (9%). The most common duration of prophylaxis was a single prebiopsy antibiotic dose. However, 16%–23% of respondents reported prophylaxis continuing for ≥24 hours postbiopsy. Post-TRPB infections were reported as being more frequent now than 4 years ago, with sepsis and genitourinary presentations predominating, but with osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and epidural abscess also occurring. Infection isolates reportedly were usually resistant to the prophylactic regimen.Conclusions.  Emerging Infections Network members perceive post-TRPB infections as increasingly frequent, caused by resistant strains, and involving serious illness. Prophylactic approaches, although in flux, still usually entail ciprofloxacin monotherapy, which often is given for excessive durations. Multiple opportunities exist for infectious diseases specialists to partner with proceduralists in devising, studying, and implementing improved prophylaxis regimens for TRPB.
Structural Comparisons of Ligand-gated Ion Channels in Open, Closed, and Desensitized States Identify a Novel Propofol-binding Site on Mammalian γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors
Authors: Franks Nicholas P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAbstract
Molecular docking calculations of propofol binding to a γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor identified putative binding sites in a region with maximal predicted movement during channel opening. These calculations support a model of state-dependent binding of propofol resulting in enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor opening.

Background:
Most anesthetics, particularly intravenous agents such as propofol and etomidate, enhance the actions of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA type A receptor. However, there is no agreement as where anesthetics bind to the receptor. A novel approach would be to identify regions on the receptor that are state-dependent, which would account for the ability of anesthetics to affect channel opening by binding differentially to the open and closed states.

Methods:
The open and closed structures of the GABA type A receptor homologues Gloeobacter ligand–gated ion channel and glutamate-gated chloride channel were compared, and regions in the channels that move on channel opening and closing were identified. Docking calculations were performed to investigate possible binding of propofol to the GABA type A β3 homomer in this region.

Results:
A comparison between the open and closed states of the Gloeobacter ligand–gated ion channel and glutamate-gated chloride channel channels identified a region at the top of transmembrane domains 2 and 3 that shows maximum movement when the channels transition between the open and closed states. Docking of propofol into the GABA type A β3 homomer identified two putative binding cavities in this same region, one with a high affinity and one with a lower affinity. Both cavities were adjacent to a histidine residue that has been photolabeled by a propofol analog, and both sites would be disrupted on channel closing.

Conclusions:
These calculations support the conclusion of a recent photolabeling study that propofol acts at a site at the interface between the extracellular and transmembrane domains, close to the top of transmembrane domain 2.
Justification of generational cohort segmentation in South Africa
Authors: Duh Helen , Struwig Miemie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to look at the successful generational cohort segmentation from global and country-specific formative experiences in the USA, to examine the justification of cohort segmentation in South Africa. It also describes the demographic and psychographic characteristics of the latest consumer cohort – Generation Y for the interest of retailers and marketing managers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study gathers secondary data by carefully scrutinizing books, journal articles, essays and dissertations. From these secondary sources, summaries of various findings and important scholarly insights into the qualifying factors for cohort formation and the important characteristics that make Generation Y an attractive consumer segment are provided.

Findings
– Findings show that, generational cohort segmentation is reserved for countries whose defining moments meet some qualifying conditions. South Africa can segment consumers in terms of generational cohorts because the historic and political defining events the country experienced fulfil the requirements for cohort formation. Particularly, apartheid is suggested to be the country-specific defining event backing the labelling of Generation X and Y South Africans. Generation X should thus be “the apartheid, socio-economic instability cohort” and Generation Y should be “the post apartheid socio-economically liberated cohort” Findings also show that Generation Y South Africans constitute a majority of the growing middle class, termed “Black Diamonds”.

Originality/value
– In addition to providing summaries of useful marketing-related reasons to target Generation Y consumers, this study assesses the qualification of South Africa’s historic and political events in forming consumer cohorts for generational marketing.