bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ground Application and Foliar Nutrition with Yeast on Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Hot Pepper Plants Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Khalaf Al-Fahdawy Mohammed Ismail , Madhan AlFahdawy Harith Sadaa , Menajid Mahmood Howedy , Al-Fahdawi Omer Ismail , Abdulmajeed Amer Hashim , Abdulmageed Lara Hashim , Dthanoon Nour Shakib 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pots experiment was carried out for the 2023 spring season in the wooden canopy of the Centre of Desert Studies at the University of Anbar, in soil with an alluvial mixture texture. To study the effect of adding baking yeast to the soil and spraying it on the vegetative total of the plant, at three concentrations (0, 2, and 4 gm L-1) on the vegetative growth characteristics of the hot pepper plant Capsicum annuum L. A factorial experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and three replications, the first factor being the concentrations of the ground yeast addition and the second factor being the concentrations of the yeast spraying. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The ground addition of yeast had a significant effect on all vegetative growth characteristics, the Y1 level gave the highest average number of internodes (15.33 internodes plant-1), and stem diameter (0.577 cm plant-1), while the Y2 concentration gave the highest average plant height (59.1 cm), the chlorophyll percentage in the leaves (53.24 spads), the branches number (20.6 branches plant-1) and the average dry weight of the plant (47.8 gm plant-1). (2) Foliar feeding with yeast led to a significant increase in the average of most of the studied characteristics, the S1 level achieved the highest average for these characteristics, including plant height (62.8 cm plant-1), the chlorophyll percentage in the leaves (53.51 spades), the internodes number (15.22 internodes plant-1) and stem diameter (0.577 cm plant-1), while concentration S2 gave the highest average number of branches (21.2 branches plant-1) and dry weight of the plant (48.6 g plant-1). (3) The interaction between the levels of ground addition of yeast and spraying on the vegetative total of the plant had a significant effect on all the characteristics studied, as the addition at the Y2 level with foliar feeding at the S1 level gave the highest average plant height (65.6 cm) and stem diameter (0.633 cm plant-1). In contrast, the interaction between the levels gave the Y1 with spraying at the S1 level was superior in terms of leaf chlorophyll index (53.99 spads) and the number of internodes (16.33 internodes) in the interaction record between the two levels. Y1S2 was superior in pod length (6.26 cm pod-1) and dry weight of the plant (57.6 gm plant-1).
Effect of Concentrations and Spraying Stages of NPK Nanofertilizer on the Yield and Components of the Oat Crop (Avena sativa L).
Authors: Al-bakri Rasha Adil , Lehmood Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons (2021-2022) and (2022-2023) in one of the private agricultural fields in the project area, 30 km north of Babylon province, with the aim of knowing the role of foliar feeding with nano-fertilizer on traits of the yield and its components of the oat crop by arranging split-plots according to the design. with three replicates, the main plot occupied cultivar, namely Genzania, Carolup, and Hamel, while sub plot occupied the spraying stages, which are elongation, booting, and flowering. As for the sub-sub plot, the nanofertilizer concentrations were 0, 1, and 2 g/L, and the results were as follows. The triple interaction showed significant differences, as the combination (Gen Zania) sprayed in the elongation stage with the highest concentration of 1 g excelled, with the highest average reaching 408.1 d.m-2 for the first season when there was an interaction in the second season. As for the number of grains in panicle, the Hamel cultivar was significantly excelled for both seasons, reaching 55.93 and 49.99 grains. The spraying phases were significantly excelled, where the booting and flowering phases were excelled, reaching 64.03 and 60.59 grains, respectively. The second season was given only in the flowering phase, where they reached 56.46 grains. As for the concentrations, they were higher. Concentration 1 and 2 for both seasons, while the triple interaction was not significant for both seasons. As for the weight of a thousand grains, Table (3) showed significant differences between cultivar, with the superior Carolup cultivar giving 36.11 and 33.24 for both season, respectively. As for the spraying stages, the spraying stage at the planting stage outperformed the rest of the stages, reaching 36.74 and 34.13 for both season respectively. As for the triple interaction, it was not significant for both seasons with regard to grain yield. The triple interaction was significant for the first season only, and the combination of Caroiup in booting stage and the concentration of 2 g gave the highest average of 8.53 tons.ha-1.
Effect of Sulfur Fertilizer and Some Biostimulants on Antioxidant Activity of Canola seeds
Authors: Jabr Mohammad Bushra Abdel , Al-Mohammad Maher H. S. , Mustafa Sala B. I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2022/2023) in the fields of the Al-Nouriyah Forest Division of the Ministry of Agriculture in Al-Diwaniyah province. The objective was to examine the impact of three different levels of sulfur fertilizer (0, 40, and 60 kg S ha-1) and certain biostimulants (excluding stimulant, biofertilizer, humic acid, and ascorbic acid) on Canola seed growth, yield, and oxidative activity. The experimental design employed a factorial arrangement with a completely randomized block design and three replicates to distribute treatment combinations among the factors. The means of the combinations were compared using the least significant difference test, with a significance level of 0.05. The results demonstrated that sulfur addition at a rate of 60 kg S ha-1 produced the highest averages for the majority of the measured characteristics. The results of the study were also significantly impacted by the application of biostimulants, including humic acid sprinkling at a 2 g concentration. With the highest average values for leaf pigment content and plant height, L-1 significantly outperformed the competition. The ascorbic acid spray treatment at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 yielded the highest average values for the remaining qualitative and medicinal characteristics that were investigated, with the exception of total chlorophyll and the weight of 200 seeds. The significant impact was also observed in the interaction among the study factors. The experimental condition involving a concentration of 60 kg S ha-1 Humic resulted in the highest weight of 200 seeds, as determined by plant height, total chlorophyll content in foliage, and biological yield.
Effect of some Chemical Herbicides and Seeding Rates on the Growth and Productivity of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Its Associated Weeds in Different Environments
Authors: Al-Jaddir Ammar Salah , Antar Salim H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in one of the farmers’ fields during season (2022-2023) in Nineveh Governorate at two locations, first one in Al-Nimrood, and second one in Hammam Al’aleel. The experiment included two factors: the first factor was chemical herbicides (Navigator, Timeline Trio) at the recommended concentrations, in addition to the control treatment and the second factor was seeding rates (120, 160 kg. ha-1). Planting dates on (22/11, and 1/12/2022) for both locations respectively, using the wheat variety (Babel 113), approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. The experiment was applied as factorial experiment using a split-block experimental design, with complete randomization of treatments (RCBD), with three replicates. A plot size was 12 m2, where the main plots included chemical herbicides, while the sub-plots included seeding rates. The experiment was irrigated using fixed sprinklers, and the harvesting dates was on (24, and 28/5/2023) for both locations respectively. The results showed that herbicides were superiority of in reducing the number of narrow and broad leaves weeds and their dry weights over the control treatment in both locations, Furthermore, the herbicide “Timeline Trio” superiority of the herbicide “Navigator” in traits of grain yield, reached (525.833, 604.167 g.m-2) for both locations respectively, while the control treatment recorded the lowest yield, reached (227.5, 393.5 g.m-2) for both locations respectively. The seeding rate of (160 kg. ha-1) superiority of the seeding rate of (120 kg. ha-1) in reducing the number and dry weights of narrow and broad-leaves weeds, which positively reflected on the increase in yield for both locations.
Quality Assessment of Some Food Products in Iraq
Authors: Zeki Israa N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Food quality has received much attention in recent decades. This analytical study was conducted from January to December 2022. The data was collected from the Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control. The study aimed to evaluate the quality of food products, monitor the application of Iraqi standards (IQS), and identify causes of non-conformity to avoid them. A total (438) samples classified into (4) main categories which subdivided into (12) food products. All of them subjected to precise (microbiological, chemical, physical) tests done by training professionals’ analysers. Results showed the highest frequency of food categories were dried foods (wheat), meat (frozen chicken), variety food (puffed starchy foods), and dairy products (yoghurt) discerningly. Cases of non-conformity were found in dairy products, meat category, variety foods, and dried foods. The six primary reasons of mismatching listed in physical analysis, microbiological contamination, chemical analysis, food labels, packing, and expired duration checks. “Inaccurate food labels” had the highest percentage of non-conformity in (2 out of 4) food categories. Microbiological contamination recorded in some meat and dairy products. Chemical analysis was relatively high in dried food. The variety and dried food products succeed expiry duration check. All of dairy and variety food products were packed very well.
Comparison the Influence of Two Types of Black Cumin Oil (Nigella sativa L.) on Some Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Evaluation of Processed Cheese
Authors: Alhelli Amaal Mohammed , Kanaem Al-Ibady Qater Al-Nada Ali , Obaidi Hadel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During storage of processed cheese, structure and flavor slowly change. The destination of the current research was to examine the influence of two types of Nigella sativa L. oil (NSO) extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFNSO) and cold press (CPNSO) via determine the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory attributes of processed cheese. Seven batches of processed cheese were included in the current experiment: control cheese without any addition and cheese samples incorporated separately with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% v/w of SFNSO and CPNSO. Experimental cheese samples were analyzed in triplicate for total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E.coli), total bacteria count (TBc), and yeast & moulds. Moreover, moisture content (%), fat (%), pH, soluble nitrogen (SN%), and total nitrogen (TN%). All treated cheeses without addition and with CPNSO appeared more significant effect on physicochemical properties than the other samples. In addition, sensory evaluation at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months of storage treated with SFNSO shows more impact on microbiological content than CPNSO and control cheeses. Employment SFNSO on processed cheese enhanced the stability of sensory evaluation throughout storage time.
Evaluation of the Use of Lecithin in the Manufacture of Millorin
Authors: Ali Dhaef Ali Hussein , Abd Alsalam Shaimaa Riad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of manufacturing millorin (similar to creamy ice cream), in which the milk fat was replaced with olive oil at a rate of 5 and 8%, with the addition of lecithin (LC) at a rate of 0.25% as an emulsifier to determine its effect, and with the manufacture of a comparison sample to which CMC was added. The product was stored for 60 days, and tests were conducted. Physical, including viscosity, where the LC sample was significantly lower than the comparison in all storage periods, as it ranged between 0.6 and 1.4 Poise, while the comparison was 1-3.95 Poise, and the percentage of melting was estimated at a time of 90 minutes, where the increase in melting in the LC sample was 89.18–97.5%. In comparison, it was 82.5–89.44%. While the deflation characteristic was constant and did not change during the storage period, the overrun percentage increased in comparison to the LC sample, where it was approximately 76.65%, and in the LC sample, the overrun percentage was 66.89%. The results also showed a decrease in the LC sample’s microbial content, as the total number of bacteria was approximately 20. × 2–10 watts/ml. In comparison, it was 46 × 2-10, while no growth of cold-loving bacteria or coliform was detected. The samples obtained high scores during the sensory evaluation, as the LC sample obtained a score of 93.75.
Isolating and Identifying the Bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens from Cheese and Studying its Effect on some Chemical Properties of Soft Cheese Contaminated with It
Authors: Al-Sabaawi Anas Saad , Al-Dally Khazal Shaban , Al-Nomaan Adeba Younis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the extent of the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria on protolysis, lipolysis, and changing pH values in soft cheese. P. fluorescens bacteria was isolated from soft cheese stored for seven days at a temperature of 4-7 degrees Celsius. The isolate showed bacillary characteristics, gram-negative, and positive. It was tested for oxidase and negative for nitrate reductase, in addition to its protein decomposition of fat and the production of fluorescin pigment. This isolate showed its ability to change many of the properties of the cheese contaminated with it, as it caused an increase in the decomposition of protein and fat in the cheese as the storage period increased, reaching the highest decomposition on the twenty-first day, and that the values The pH decreased as the storage period increased.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Study Effects of (Agaricus bisporus) Extracts Which was Cultured in Our Mushroom’s Farm
Authors: Al-Rubaiee Zaid Shaker , Hussin Moayad Salh , Abbood Zinah Ameer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mushrooms, which are a common type of fungi, can often be found growing in fields and forests alongside decaying tree trunks and weeds. There are over one hundred thousand species of fungi that live on animal or plant waste within the soil. By using GC-MS, the chemical content of A. bisporus. We found 55 compounds were identified as a major compound: phenol (42.65%), Glucitol (24.26%) and Urea (20.14%) as a major compound, followed by Octadecadienoic acid ethyl ester (16.12%), linoleic acid (8.25%), Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (4.56%), Hydroxy acetic acid (4.32%), oleic acid (4.22%) and Acetic acid phenyl ester (3.88%). We found that the bacteria (gram-positive) were responded effect of Aquatic and methanolic extracts more than other (gram-negative). The Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera were more sensitive rather than other microbial isolates against mushroom extracts. Meanwhile, Klebsiella spp was most resistant rather than other microbial. The methanolic extract has the most antioxidant effects (57.05%) compared with aquatic extract (37.17%). These results were revealed due to their importance.
The Effect of Dried Stevia Leaves on Some Biochemical Characteristics in the Blood of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Rashid Ali Hussein , Mohammed Mohammed Jameel , Hussein Faryal Farouk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Mosul/Animal House belonging to the College of Veterinary Medicine for the period from 3/3/2023 to 5/5/2023. The study included the use of dried astvia leaf powder to determine its effect on male rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. The study included We used (27) adult male white rats whose ages ranged from 14 to 15 weeks, at a rate of nine rats per group, which included three groups and were divided as follows: the first group (T1) is a healthy control group and the second group (T2) is afflicted with Alloxan-induced diabetes. Which was left without treatment. The third group (T3) had induced diabetes and was dosed orally with a solution of powdered dried leaves at a concentration of 60 mg/kg/day of body weight, which was mixed with 0.5 ml of distilled water. Blood tests were taken to measure the percentage of glucose, the percentage of white and red blood cells, platelets, and liver enzymes. The results of the study in the treatment that was dosed with a solution of powdered stevia leaves showed that there was a significant decrease in the concentration of glucose, white blood cells, platelets, and liver enzymes (ALT). (AST) and (ALP) at the level of (P<0.05) compared with the control group with alloxan-induced diabetes, and there was a significant increase in the level of red blood cells in the treated treatment (T3) compared with the infected treatment.
Spraying Different Combinations of Glutamate and Arginine on Yield Traits and Components of Several Genotypes of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Mohammad Al-Jumaili Ammar Abdullah , Jassim Wael Mustafa , Abdullah Anees Ahmed Hawas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Experiment was carried out during the winter (2022-2023)A.D. at a site called Sayada - the Agricultural Research and Experiments Station of College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk in the Iraqi city of Kirkuk, using Randomized Completely Block Design with a split-plot arrangements and three replicates, where main plots were filled with spray combinations of glutamic acid and arginine (0, 100 and 200 mg L-1). and genotypes (Al-Fayyad, Mawaddah, Buhouth 22, Babylon 113, Gemmayzeh 9, Giza 164, Sakha 95, Sakha 61 and Misr 3) were used in secondary panels to reach best combination for spraying of glutamic and arginine in yield traits and its components for several genotypes from bread wheat. Results showed significant differences for studied and their interaction for traits spike length, number of spikes, number of grains per spike, grains1000 weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index, where spraying with e combinations (200 mg L-1 glutamic acid + 200 mg L-1) achieved the highest arithmetic means for all traits compared to control treatment, and Gemmayzeh 9 genotype was superior in traits of spike length, number of spikes, grain yield and harvest index giving it highest means of (12.19) cm, (402.00) spike m2 and (6.25) tons ha-1 and 42.36%, respectively, variety misr 3 had a significant superiority in terms of number of grains per spike and biological yield, recording means of 76.47 grains per spike and 14.84 tons ha-1 according to the order. As for grains 1000 weight, two varieties Misr 3 and Gemmayzeh 9 were significantly superior, recording highest means (46.32 and 46.10) g. According to arrangement, therefore mechanism of spraying leaves of wheat plants with amino acids can be adopted because of their effective role in increasing traits of crop and its components and their positive effect in increasing crop productivity per unit area by adopting introduced genotypes and testing them with several factors within the conditions of region.
An Economic and Econometric Analysis of the Factors Affecting Food Security for the Wheat Crop in Iraq for the Period (1995-2022)
Authors: Abbas Omar Khudair , Rahim Firas Ibrahim , Mohammed Mohammed Khalid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite the expansion of the use of formal variables as explanatory variables, their use as dependent variables is still limited. This may be due to the many problems that arise when using these variables as dependent variables. Therefore, the research aimed to use qualitative response models to measure the food security factor for wheat crops in Iraq for the period (1995-2022). The study aims to apply the TOBIT qualitative response model to identify the most important factors that increase the food security of the wheat crop in Iraq, by studying the relationship between the food security factor of the wheat crop and the independent variables (consumption, imports, national income, population, production, local price, exchange rate). The Tobit model regression parameters as a whole showed their significance at the 1% level, which is greater than 0.05. This is explained by the fact that the explanatory variables have a significant effect on the probability of the dependent variable (food security factor). Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H
1) is accepted, which states that the parameters of the explanatory variables (bs
) for the Tobit model is not equal to zero. The production growth rate for the wheat crop during the research period appeared to be about (0.6%) and showed a positive sign.
Physiological Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Male Laboratory Rats
Authors: Ayyed Mohammed F. , Hussein Feryal F. , Mohammed Mohammed J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To better understand the causes and effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and to help find effective treatments for it, the animal model is seen as an alternate model. For this investigation, researchers utilised adult male rats of the Sprague dawely strain that were albino (Rattus norvegicus) and had an age range of 2-3 months. Their mass ranged from 170 to 200 grammes. Two axes were used to divide the experiment. There were two categories on the first axis, which represented the infection stage. Five animals served as a healthy control group in the first set. The first group consumed regular food and water for forty-five days, whereas the second group consumed animal fats. Combine with the meal at a rate of thirty percent of the diet’s weight (HF), for fifteen animals over the course of forty-five days. Both groups had blood biochemical testing once the infectious stage came to a close. At the end of the infection phase, blood biochemical tests were performed for both groups. In comparison to the healthy control group, the study found that glucose, total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher. In contrast, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were significantly lower. Sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, and malondialdehyde were measured during the 28-day therapy period. Alternatively, there was a significant decrease in levels of glutathione (GSH) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). While contrasted with the infected control group. The lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum) and lactic acid bacteria (L. rhamnose) caused significant weight loss in animals when administered in a dosage. Infected control rats (HF) that were treated with these bacterial groups while still eating a high-fat diet showed significant improvements in liver function and blood parameters, such as lower percentages of total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). There was an uptick in both HDL and very high-density lipoprotein (VLDL). In comparison to the afflicted control groups, the therapy groups demonstrated a marked recovery while simultaneously lowering oxidative stress factor levels.