bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNAs as novel antidepressant targets: converging effects of ketamine and electroconvulsive shock therapy in the rat hippocampus
Authors: O'Connor Richard M. , Grenham Susan , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEarly-life stress is a main contributory factor to the onset of depression. Treatments remain inadequate and as such, a large unmet medical need for novel therapeutics remains. Impeding advancement is the poor understanding of the molecular pathology. microRNAs (miRNAs) are novel regulators of gene expression. A paucity of information regarding their role in depressive pathology and antidepressant action remains. This study investigated changes to hippocampal miRNA levels induced via early-life stress in Sprague–Dawley rats and whether antidepressant treatments could reverse these changes. Investigated were the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, the rapid acting N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine and electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT). Microarray analysis revealed early-life stress affected the expression of multiple hippocampal miRNAs. Antidepressant treatments reversed some of these effects including a stress-induced change to miR-451. Ketamine and ECT possessed the highest number of common targets suggesting convergence on common pathways. Interestingly all three treatments possessed miR-598-5p as a common target. This demonstrates that changes to hippocampal miRNA expression may represent an important component of stress-induced pathology and antidepressant action may reverse these.
Antimicrobial resistance and prudent drug use forStreptococcus suis
Authors: Varela Norma P. , Gadbois Pierre , Thibault Claude , Gottschalk Marcelo , Dick Paul , Wilson Jeff 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews information on antimicrobial resistance patterns and prudent use of antimicrobials to reduce the impact and spread of resistantStreptococcus suisstrains.S. suisis an important pathogen in swine, which can cause significant economic loss. Prudent use of antimicrobials forS. suisis essential to preserve the therapeutic efficacy of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and to minimize selection of resistantS. suisstrains. Resistance ofS. suisto antimicrobials commonly used in swine, including lincosamides, macrolides, sulphonamides, and tetracycline, has been documented worldwide, with resistance in up to 85% of strains. Among antimicrobials examined, resistance ofS. suishas been demonstrated to be relatively low for penicillin (0–27%), ampicillin (0.6–23%), and ceftiofur (0–23%). For penicillin, this result may be due in part to the unique mechanism by which resistance is acquired through modifications in the structure of penicillin-binding proteins. Recommendations to controlS. suisinfection include focused and careful choice and appropriate use of antimicrobials, together with preventive measures intended to improve swine management.
Discrimination against people with severe mental illness and their access to social capital: findings from the Viewpoint survey
Authors: Webber M. , Corker E. , Hamilton S. , Weeks C. , Pinfold V. , Rose D. , Thornicroft G. , Henderson C. 
Published: May 2013

Aims.Discrimination against people with severe mental illness is an international problem. It is associated with reduced social contact and hinders recovery. This paper aims to evaluate if experienced or anticipated discrimination is associated with social capital, a known correlate of mental health.Methods.Data from the annual viewpoint cross-sectional survey of people with severe mental illness (n = 1016) were analysed. Exploratory univariate analysis was used to identify correlates of social capital in the sample, which were then evaluated in linear regression models. Additional hypotheses were tested usingttests.Results.Experienced discrimination made a modest contribution to the explained variance of social capital. Experienced discrimination from friends and immediate family was associated with reduced access to social capital from these groups, but this was not found for wider family, neighbours or mental health staff. Experience of discrimination in finding or keeping a job was also associated with reduced access to social capital.Conclusions.Further longitudinal research is needed to determine how resources within people's networks can help to build resilience, which reduces the harmful effect of discrimination on mental health.
Human parainfluenza type 3 virus impairs the efficacy of glucocorticoids to limit allergy-induced pulmonary inflammation in guinea-pigs
Authors: Ford William R. , Blair Alan E. , Evans Rhys L. , John Elinor , Bugert Joachim J. , Broadley Kenneth J. , Kidd Emma J. 
Published: May 2013

Viral exacerbations of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in pre-clinical models reportedly reduce the efficacy of glucocorticoids to limit pulmonary inflammation and airways hyper-responsiveness to inhaled spasmogens. However, exacerbations of airway obstruction induced by allergen challenge have not yet been studied. hPIV-3 (human parainfluenza type 3 virus) inoculation of guinea-pigs increased inflammatory cell counts in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid and caused hyper-responsiveness to inhaled histamine. Both responses were abolished by treatment with either dexamethasone (20 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneous, once a day) or fluticasone propionate (a 0.5 mg/ml solution aerosolized and inhaled over 15 min, twice a day). In ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs, allergen (ovalbumin) challenge caused two phases of airway obstruction [measured as changes in sGaw (specific airways conductance) using whole body plethysmography]: an immediate phase lasting between 4 and 6 h and a late phase at about 7 h. The late phase, airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine and inflammatory cell counts in BAL were all significantly reduced by either glucocorticoid. Inoculation of guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin with hPIV-3 transformed the allergen-induced airway obstruction from two transient phases into a single sustained response lasting up to 12 h. This exacerbated airway obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine were unaffected by treatment with either glucocorticoid whereas inflammatory cell counts in BAL were only partially inhibited. Virus- or allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation, individually, are glucocorticoid-sensitive, but in combination generate a phenotype where glucocorticoid efficacy is impaired. This suggests that during respiratory virus infection, glucocorticoids might be less effective in limiting pulmonary inflammation associated with asthma.
Morphological Variation in the Adult Hard Palate and Posterior Pharyngeal Wall
Authors: Lammert Adam , Proctor Michael , Narayanan Shrikanth 
Published: May 2013

PurposeAdult human vocal tracts display considerable morphological variation across individuals, but the nature and extent of this variation has not been extensively studied for many vocal tract structures. There exists a need to analyze morphological variation and, even more basically, to develop a methodology for morphological analysis of the vocal tract. Such analysis will facilitate fundamental characterization of the speech production system, with broad implications from modeling to explaining interspeaker variability.MethodA data-driven methodology to automatically analyze the extent and variety of morphological variation is proposed and applied to a diverse subject pool of 36 adults. Analysis is focused on two key aspects of vocal tract structure: the midsagittal shape of the hard palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall.ResultPalatal morphology varies widely in its degree of concavity but also in anteriority and sharpness. Pharyngeal wall morphology, by contrast, varies mostly in terms of concavity alone. The distribution of morphological characteristics is complex, and analysis suggests that certain variations may be categorical in nature.ConclusionMajor modes of morphological variation are identified, including their relative magnitude, distribution, and categorical nature. Implications of these findings for speech articulation strategies and speech acoustics are discussed.
Optimised design of a transformer and an electronic circuit for IGBT drivers signal impulse transmission function based on a virtual prototyping tool
Authors: Lefranc Pierre , Jannot Xavier , Dessante Philippe 
Published: May 2013

In this study, a signal impulse transmission function is investigated which provides high insulation voltage capabilities for IGBT drivers devices. This electrical insulation is achieved with a printed circuit board (PCB) and classical copper windings. Two ferrite cores are added to improve the magnetic coupling effect and thus decrease the impulse current maximum value in the primary side. The electronic circuit involves a series resonant topology in the primary side and a parallel one in the secondary side. The classical electronic components lead potentially to cost‐effective solutions. However, so as to optimise the proposed system, a design methodology based on virtual prototyping tools is carried out. The simulation results presented on a Pareto front are analysed with the help of propagation delay and average power consumption. Moreover, measurement results with a 1.6 mm PCB are compared with simulation ones. Finally, the proposed solution and the methodology design are clearly accurate and suitable for power electronic designers and especially for IGBT driver devices designers.
Single‐stage pickup with a bidirectional zero‐voltage turn‐on switch
Authors: Juan Yu Lin , He Yi Lin 
Published: May 2013

In this study, a single‐stage pickup with zero‐voltage turn‐on to reduce the switching loss is proposed for parallel resonant compensated contactless power transmission systems (CPTS). A bidirectional switch composed of two back‐to‐back connected active switches is integrated to regulate the output voltage. The relationship between the output voltage and the duty ratio of the bidirectional switch is derived and verified. To evaluate the validity and performance of the proposed pickup circuit, a 500 W prototype CPTS is constructed. The experimental results show that the power conversion efficiency of the proposed pickup is about 95%. Moreover, compared with common two‐stage pickup, the number of required passive components in the proposed topology is reduced. The resulted volume of proposed pickup is also reduced which is more suitable for space‐limited applications.
μ‐based robust controller design of LCLC resonant inverter for high‐frequency power distribution system
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Cheng Ka Wai Eric 
Published: May 2013

High‐frequency AC (HFAC) power distribution system (PDS) has recently received more and more attentions and has a broad application from electric vehicle to Micro‐grid. The resonant inverter is commonly used to provide the fixed frequency output for point of load (POL). However, the control and implementation of high‐frequency resonant inverter is complicated to provide good steady and dynamic performance, because of the worse operating circumstance from parameter uncertainties, inaccuracy model, as well as load and line perturbations. Although H∞ robust controller has already been widely examined, the feedback voltage controller designed by μ‐synthesis accurately provides more effective analysis and design framework to achieve robust stability and robust tracking performance. In this study, the perturbations and control target are analysed to construct the unstructured and structured uncertainties for resonant inverter. A new μ‐based controller is designed by μ‐synthesis to testify its tracking performance under the given perturbations, and the robust performance of proposed controller is theoretically evaluated by μ‐analysis. The prototype of simulation and experiment are implemented with a rated output power of 120 W and operation frequency of 25 kHz. The results prove its superiority over traditional PI and H∞ controllers for HFAC power source constructed by LCLC resonant inverter.
Factors affecting survival for floor‐of‐mouth carcinoma
Authors: Klotch Douglas W. , Muro‐Cacho Carlos , Gal T. J. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVESThe treatment of extensive floor‐of‐mouth carcinoma has remained a challenging problem for head and neck surgeons. We have reviewed our experience in the surgical management of floor‐of‐mouth cancer in an attempt to identify factors influencing survival.METHODSA total of 144 patients with cancer involving the floor of the mouth were treated between March 1988 and November 1995. A retrospective chart review was conducted that captured information including clinical staging, therapeutic modalities, pathologic findings, and patient follow‐up. Factors affecting survival were assessed by non‐parametric analysis and analysis of variance.RESULTSThere was no statistical significance for the effects of vascular invasion (P = 0.4019), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.3430), bone invasion (P = 0.1548), or positive margins (P = 0.1113) on survival. Extranodal extension and recurrent disease were strongly suggestive of influencing survival but were not statistically significant (P = 0.0650 and P = 0.0504, respectively). Nodal disease significantly affected survival (P = 0.0138) but did not affect recurrence (P = 0.451). CONCLUSION: Mean survival for this cohort was 30.6 months. Positive node status significantly affected mean overall survival in this series, whereas extracapsular disease did not. These data suggest that aggressive surgical management of neck disease is mandated to maximize survival.
Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: A series of 256 patients in Mexico City and Monterrey. Is air pollution the missing link?
Authors: Calderón‐Garcidueñas Lilian , Delgado Ricardo , Calderón‐Garcidueñas ANA , Meneses Abelardo , Luz Maria , De La Garza Jaime , Acuna Hilda , Anna Villarreal‐Calderón , Raab‐Traub Nancy , Devlin Robert 
Published: May 2013

Air pollution is a serious health problem in major cities in Mexico. The concentrations of monitored criteria pollutants have been above the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the last decade. To determine whether the number of primary malignant nasal and paranasal neoplasms has increased, we surveyed 256 such cases admitted to a major adult oncology hospital located in metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) for the period from 1976‐1997 and to a tertiary hospital in Monterrey, an industrial city, for the period from 1993‐1998. The clinical histories and histopathologic material were reviewed, and a brief clinical summary was written for each case. In the MMC hospital the number of newly diagnosed nasal and paranasal neoplasms per year for the period from 1976‐1986 averaged 5.1, whereas for the next 11 years it increased to 12.5. The maximal increase was observed in 1995‐1997, with an average of 20.3 new cases per year (P= 0.0006). The predominant neoplasms in these series were non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, adenocarcinoma, Schneiderian carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In the Monterrey hospital a 2‐fold increase in the numbers of newly diagnosed nasal and paranasal neoplasms was recorded between 1993 and 1998. The predominant MMC neoplasm in this series, namely nasal T‐cell/natural killer cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, is potentially Epstein‐Barr virus related. Nasal and paranasal malignant neoplasms are generally rare. Environmental causative factors include exposure in industries such as nickel refining, leather, and wood furniture manufacturing. Although epidemiologic studies have not addressed the relationship between outdoor air pollution and sinonasal malignant neoplasms, there is strong evidence for the nasal and paranasal carcinogenic effect of occupational aerosol complex chemical mixtures. General practitioners and ear, nose, and throat physicians working in highly polluted cities should be aware of the clinical presentations of these patients. Identification of this apparent increase in sinonasal malignant neoplasms in two urban Mexican polluted cities warrants further mechanistic and epidemiologic studies.
The differential effects of PNF versus passive stretch conditioning on neuromuscular performance
Authors: Minshull Claire , Eston Roger , Bailey Andrea , Rees David , Gleeson Nigel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effects of flexibility conditioning on neuromuscular and sensorimotor performance were assessed near to full knee extension (25°). Eighteen males who were randomly assigned into two groups underwent eight weeks (three‐times per week) of flexibility conditioning (hip region/knee flexor musculature; dominant limb) involving either proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) (n=9) or passive stretching (PASS) (n=9). Both modes of flexibility conditioning are popular within contemporary exercise and clinical settings and have demonstrated efficacy in improving range of motion. The contralateral limb and a prior ‘no exercise’ condition were used as controls. The PNF and PASS modes of conditioning improved passive hip flexibility to a similar extent (mean 19.3% vs. baseline, intervention limb, p<0.01) but did not alter knee flexor strength (overall mean 309.6±81 N) or sensorimotor performance (force and positional errors: 2.3±8.2% and 0.48±7.1%). Voluntary and magnetically evoked electromechanical delays (EMDV and EMDE, respectively) were increased but to a greater extent following PASS compared to PNF (PASS: 10.8% and 16.9% lengthening of EMDV and EMDE, respectively vs. PNF: 3.2% and 6.2%, p<0.01).The attenuated change to electromechanical delay (EMD) performance during PNF conditioning suggests a preserved capability for rapid muscle activation, which is important in the maintenance of dynamic joint stability. That PNF was also equally efficacious in flexibility conditioning would suggest that this mode of flexibility training should be used over passive to help preserve dynamic joint stability capabilities at this extended and vulnerable joint position.
Introduction to Mathematical Physics
Authors: Wong Chun Wa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMathematical physics provides physical theories with their logical basis and the tools for drawing conclusions from hypotheses. Introduction to Mathematical Physics explains to the reader why and how mathematics is needed in the description of physical events in space. For undergraduates in physics, it is a classroom-tested textbook on vector analysis, linear operators, Fourier series and integrals, differential equations, special functions and functions of a complex variable. Strongly correlated with core undergraduate courses on classical and quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, it helps the student master these necessary mathematical skills. The book covers advanced topics of interest to graduate students on relativistic square-root spaces and nonlinear systems. It contains many tables of mathematical formulas and references to useful materials on the Internet. Short tutorials on basic mathematical topics are included to help readers refresh their mathematical knowledge. An appendix on Mathematica encourages the reader to use computer-aided algebra to solve problems in mathematical physics.
Curious Subjects
Authors: Schor Hilary M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Curious Subjects focuses on the relationship between women, curiosity, and the rise of the novel, using the lenses of scientific, legal, and “fictional” curiosity to examine the changing definitions of the subject within these various discourses. Texts range from eighteenth-century fiction to classic Victorian “heroine texts,” to contemporary revisions of realist forms, with an emphasis on the always-doubled and duplicitous nature of both female curiosity and the realist project. The book rethinks the question of female knowledge from within the form of the novel, using not just the metaphor but the history of curiosity after the Enlightenment. It begins with the wanderings of curiosity from medieval pilgrims’ relics to private collections to public museums, and interweaves this history with the origins of the modern legal subject, arguing that the most intriguing version of that subject is the curious heroine. So, from the beginning of the book, the rise of the novel, the evolution of curiosity, and the enfranchisement of women are deeply intertwined. Central literary figures include Dickens, Thackeray, George Eliot, and Henry James, with examples ranging from Paradise Lost and Clarissa to The Sadeian Woman and The Handmaid’s Tale, from Freud to Bluebeard’s wife.
MASS: meta-analysis of score statistics for sequencing studies
Authors: Tang Zheng-Zheng , Lin Dan-Yu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: MASS is a command-line program to perform meta-analysis of sequencing studies by combining the score statistics from multiple studies. It implements three types of multivariate tests that encompass all commonly used association tests for rare variants. The input files can be generated from the accompanying software SCORE-Seq. This bundle of programs allows analysis of large sequencing studies in a time and memory efficient manner.
Availability and implementation: MASS and SCORE-Seq, including documentations and executables, are available at http://dlin.web.unc.edu/software/.
Contact: lin@bios.unc.edu
ShereKhan—calculating exchange parameters in relaxation dispersion data from CPMG experiments
Authors: Mazur Adam , Hammesfahr Björn , Griesinger Christian , Lee Donghan , Kollmar Martin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: Dynamics governing the function of biomolecule is usually described as exchange processes and can be monitored at atomic resolution with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation dispersion data. Here, we present a new tool for the analysis of CPMG relaxation dispersion profiles (ShereKhan). The web interface to ShereKhan provides a user-friendly environment for the analysis.
Availability: A stable version of ShereKhan, the web application and documentation are available at http://sherekhan.bionmr.org.
Contact: dole@nmr.mpibpc.mpg.de or mako@nmr.mpibpc.mpg.de
Future sea surface temperatures in Large Marine Ecosystems of the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Khan Amina H. , Levac Elisabeth , Chmura Gail L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Khan, A. H., Levac, E., and Chmura, G. L. 2013. Future sea surface temperatures in Large Marine Ecosystems of the Northwest Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 915–921. We analysed projections of future sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for six Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) of the Northwest Atlantic: the West Greenland Shelf, the Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf, the Scotian Shelf, the Northeast US continental shelf, the Southeast US continental shelf, and the Gulf of Mexico. We used state-of-the-art global climate models (CSIRO-Mk3.6, GISS-E2-R) and earth system models (CanESM2, HadGEM2-ES) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 8.5 and 4.5 that represent a range in possible future concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Our analysis focuses on average February and August SSTs from the period 2071–2100 as the low and high temperatures of these months generally define the thermal habitat of a species. SSTs will increase in most, but not all, waters of the LMEs, and seasonality will increase in all LMEs. The difference in SSTs from the Gulf of Mexico to the Scotian Shelf may be reduced but differences will increase from the Scotian Shelf north. Although past SST changes have been greatest on the Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf, ensemble average projections indicate that the greatest future change will occur on the Scotian Shelf. The variation in future SSTs is greater among models than between RCPs, suggesting that impact studies limited to a single model may be biased.