bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturing of respiratory viruses in well‐differentiated pseudostratified human airway epithelium as a tool to detect unknown viruses
Authors: Jazaeri Farsani Seyed Mohammad , Deijs Martin , Dijkman Ronald , Molenkamp Richard , Jeeninga Rienk E. , Ieven Margareta , Goossens Herman , van der Hoek Lia 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundCurrently, virus discovery is mainly based on molecular techniques. Here, we propose a method that relies on virus culturing combined with state‐of‐the‐art sequencing techniques. The most natural ex vivo culture system was used to enable replication of respiratory viruses.MethodThree respiratory clinical samples were tested on well‐differentiated pseudostratified tracheobronchial human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures grown at an air–liquid interface, which resemble the airway epithelium. Cells were stained with convalescent serum of the patients to identify infected cells and apical washes were analyzed by VIDISCA‐454, a next‐generation sequencing virus discovery technique.ResultsInfected cells were observed for all three samples. Sequencing subsequently indicated that the cells were infected by either human coronavirus OC43, influenzavirus B, or influenzavirus A. The sequence reads covered a large part of the genome (52%, 82%, and 57%, respectively).ConclusionWe present here a new method for virus discovery that requires a virus culture on primary cells and an antibody detection. The virus in the harvest can be used to characterize the viral genome sequence and cell tropism, but also provides progeny virus to initiate experiments to fulfill the Koch's postulates.
Using simulation learning through academic‐practice partnership to promote transition to clinical practice: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Liaw Sok Ying , Palham Sabrina , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi , Wong Lai Fun , Lim Fui Ping 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo explore the effect of an innovative simulation education programme on nursing students' transition‐to‐practice experiences.BackgroundAcademic‐practice partnership is emerging as an important vehicle for improving nursing students' transition‐to‐practice. Using existing university resources, academic educators and alumni developed an innovative simulation educational programme known as the Simulated Professional Learning Environment (SIMPLE) to align the educational process with the realities of nursing practice. Educators and alumni collaborated to create and facilitate 15 hours of simulation sessions that comprised the learning platform for theSIMPLEprogramme.DesignThis was a descriptive qualitative study.MethodFocus groups were conducted in 2012 with 22 final‐year nursing students completing their transition‐to‐practice clinical practicum. The interview transcripts were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified from the analysis: ‘experiencing the role of staff nurse’; ‘knowing how to’; and ‘learning from the ‘seniors’. Experiencing the role of staff nurse in the programme showed the nursing students what to expect and how to prepare for their roles. Knowing how to focus on holistic patient care, manage ‘difficult’ clients and communicate with other healthcare professionals were the learning outcomes gained from the programme. Learning from the ‘seniors’ about hospital work processes positively influenced the nurses' transition‐to‐practice experiences.ConclusionThis study provides support for introducing the simulation education programme as an enhancement during nursing students' final year to improve their transition‐to‐practice experiences. A stronger collaborative relationship between academic educators and practising nurses could be further fostered by expanding this learning platform.
‘I thought it would keep them all quiet’. Women's experiences of breastfeeding as illusions of compliance: an interpretive phenomenological study
Authors: Spencer Rachael L. , Greatrex‐White Sheila , Fraser Diane M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore the experiences of breastfeeding women.BackgroundThere is a plethora of data demonstrating that human breast milk provides complete nutrition for human infants. While the rate of initiation of breastfeeding in the United Kingdom has shown a steady increase in the last 25 years, rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the early weeks and months over the same time period have shown only marginal increases. This study was designed to extend current knowledge around breastfeeding experiences, decisions and behaviours.DesignQualitative, interpretive phenomenological approach.MethodsData were collected between July 2009–January 2010 through in‐depth interviews with 22 women from a city in the East Midlands where the prevalence of breastfeeding has showed a decreasing trend. Data were collected between 3–6 months after the birth of their youngest baby.FindingsAnalysis of data uncovered a key theme: illusions of compliance. The findings revealed that women's breastfeeding behaviours were socially mediated. They adopted a good mother image by conforming to the moral obligation to breastfeed immediately after their babies were born. Those women who struggled to establish breastfeeding tried to hide their difficulties rather than admit that they were not coping.ConclusionThis study provides insights into women's infant feeding decisions and behaviours, building on understandings of ‘good mothering’ in the wider literature. Importantly we highlight some of the previously unknown strategies that women employed to portray themselves as calm, coping and in control when in reality they were struggling and not enjoying breastfeeding.
A diverse alpine species pool drives a ‘reversed’ plant species richness–elevation relationship in interior Alaska
Authors: Roland Carl A. , Schmidt Joshua H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimWe evaluate whether vascular plant species richness in interior Alaska is highest in the alpine zone. We test the proposition that historical dynamics have influenced the sizes of species pools inhabiting different segments of the landscape by quantifying the contrasting responses of five phytogeographical elements within the flora to changes in elevation and topography.LocationDenali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA.MethodsWe developed Bayesian hierarchical models for total plant species richness and the richness of five phytogeographical elements with data from a systematic‐grid sample containing 1022 plots. We also used rarefaction and extrapolation techniques on these data to estimate species richness for more extensive landscape segments, including across seven elevation bands in the study area.ResultsPlot‐level species richness had a unimodal response to elevation, reaching its peak in the alpine zone. Overall plant species richness across more extensive areas was also higher in the alpine zone, even though this zone occupies less area overall in interior Alaska. Species richness of Alaska endemic and amphi‐Beringian phytogeographical elements showed particularly strong positive responses to elevation, whereas that of the North American and incompletely circumpolar elements declined with elevation.Main conclusionsOur results document a unique pattern in the study of variation in species‐pool sizes with elevation, revealing that sparsely vegetated alpine areas contained a larger species pool than adjacent extensive lowlands. This pattern was driven by pronounced increases in phytogeographical elements whose distribution patterns suggest that they evolved or persisted in the region during full‐glacial intervals. The persistence of tundra and/or similar open, treeless vegetation in interior Alaska contrasts with the simultaneous periodical elimination of boreal lowland ecosystems in the region. We posit that this has resulted in a regional species pool relatively enriched in alpine species and impoverished in boreal lowland taxa, causing a ‘reversed’ relationship between species richness and elevation. Increased habitat heterogeneity in high‐relief areas of the mountainous landscape are also likely to have contributed to the reported patterns.
Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Costs in Hypertensive Patients Treated With a Fixed‐Dose Combination of Amlodipine/Valsartan
Authors: Tung Ying‐Chang , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Wu Lung‐Sheng , Chang Chee‐Jen , Chu Pao‐Hsien 
Published: December 2014

This retrospective claims database analysis compared two strategies of hypertension treatment in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient departments: a fixed‐dose combination (FDC) of amlodipine/valsartan vs free combinations of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (ARB+CCB group). After a mean follow‐up of 15.2 months, the FDC group had significantly lower total healthcare costs (US $1844 vs US $2158; P<.001) and hospitalization rates (14.57% vs 18.43%; P<.001), a higher proportion of days covered (80.35% vs 72.57%; P<.001), and better persistence (266 vs 225 days; P<.001) compared with the ARB+CCB group. The FDC group also had a better major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)–free survival (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.94; P=.003) and decreased rates of heart failure (2.12% vs 3.26%; P<.001), malignant dysrhythmia (0.18% vs 0.42%; P=.021), and percutaneous coronary intervention (0.76% vs 1.26%; P=.015). Compared with free combinations of ARB+CCB, an FDC of amlodipine/valsartan improved MACE‐free survival and medication compliance and decreased total healthcare costs and hospitalization rates in hypertensive patients.
Effects of host plants on the fitness of Athetis lepigone (Möschler)
Authors: Liu Y.‐J. , Zhang T.‐T. , Bai S.‐X. , He K.‐L. , Wang Z.‐Y. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAthetis lepigone (Möschler) is a new insect pest that feeds on corn seedlings in summer corn region of China. It is an omnivorous insect, which not only infests corn, soya bean, peanut and other crops, but also feeds on fallen and decaying leaves of some crops and weeds. Effects of host plants, corn, cotton, peanut, wheat and soya bean, on larval and pupal development and survival, and the fecundity of adults of A. lepigone were studied under laboratory conditions. The developmental time from egg to adult was the shortest (30.78 days) on germinating wheat kernels and the longest (40.13 days) on corn leaves. Larval survival was the highest (80%) on germinating wheat kernels and lowest (55%) on soya bean leaves. Hatching rate was the highest (92.98%) where eggs were oviposited by the females developed from larvae that were fed on germinating wheat kernels. Similarly, fecundity was the greatest on germinating wheat kernels (337), while the lowest fecundity (145) was observed on cotton leaves. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.22) and net reproduction rate (181.39) were found on germinating wheat kernels. Germinating wheat kernels were recognized as the most suitable host plant for A. lepigone because of the shortest developmental period, highest survival and highest fecundity. The results correspond with the field habits of A. lepigone and clearly show differences in development and adaptability on the five tested host plants. The findings will serve as baseline information to better understand the biology of the pest, which can be utilized in an effective management programme.
Field and laboratory selection of brassicaceous plants that differentially affect infestation levels by Delia radicum
Authors: Kergunteuil A. , Cortesero A. M. , Chaminade V. , Dourlot S. , Paty C. , Le Ralec A. , Dugravot S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSeveral plant traits control plant–insect interactions and shape host range of herbivorous insects according to their degree of dietary specialization. Understanding how plant species diversity influences herbivore infestations is of interest for the development of alternative crop protection strategies. In a pest management context, an appropriate selection of plants can modify pest distribution at the field scale. To develop a ‘push–pull’ strategy against the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum, we conducted a field study to both determine which plants exhibit contrasted pest infestation levels and to evaluate their influence on egg predation activity. Our field experiment reveals that infestation levels of brassicaceous plants by the cabbage root fly in the field can vary considerably according to plant genotype and species, while the number of predated eggs is only slightly affected by plant species. Olfactometry studies carried out under laboratory conditions revealed that plants harbouring the highest number of eggs in the field were also highly attractive, suggesting that olfactory stimuli are responsible, at least partially, for the differential infestation levels observed in the field. In a ‘push–pull’ context, this study demonstrates that different brassicaceous plants could be used to redistribute cabbage root flies in broccoli crops without compromising herbivore control by natural enemies. In addition, the importance of plant volatiles for infestation levels suggests a potential for developing a semiochemically assisted ‘push–pull’ system in which trap plants would be enhanced by synthetic release of attractive compounds.
Awareness of memory task impairment versus everyday memory difficulties in dementia
Authors: Morris Robin G. , Nelis Sharon M. , Martyr Anthony , Markova Ivana , Roth Ilona , Woods Robert T. , Whitaker Christopher J. , Clare Linda 
Published: December 2014

The study investigated different types of awareness of memory dysfunction in dementia, specifically judgements concerning memory task performance or appraisal of everyday memory functioning and also exploring the neuropsychological correlates of such awareness. This was investigated in 76 people with dementia, comprising 46 patients withAlzheimer's disease (AD) and 30 patients with vascular dementia (VaD). The Memory Awareness Rating Scale (Clareet al., 2002,Neuropsychol Rehabil, 12, 341–362) was used, which includes an Objective‐Judgement Discrepancy (OJD) technique involving comparison of subjective evaluation of performance on specific memory tasks with actual performance, and a Subjective Rating Discrepancy (SRD) technique, which compares self versus informant judgement of everyday memory function. TheADand VaD groups showed lower awareness than a normal control group for both types of measures, theADgroup showing less awareness than the VaD group on theOJDmeasure. Regression analyses supported associations for both groups between memory impairment and theOJDmeasure and between naming impairment and theSRDmeasure. The findings are discussed in terms of neurocognitive theories accounting for loss of awareness in dementia.
Novel and Emerging Strategies for Longitudinal Data Collection
Authors: Udtha Malini , Nomie Krystle , Yu Erica , Sanner Jennifer 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeTo describe novel and emerging strategies practiced globally in research to improve longitudinal data collection.Organizing ConstructIn research studies, numerous strategies such as telephone interviews, postal mailing, online questionnaires, and electronic mail are traditionally utilized in longitudinal data collection. However, due to technological advances, novel and emerging strategies have been applied to longitudinal data collection, such as two‐way short message service, smartphone applications (or “apps”), retrieval capabilities applied to the electronic medical record, and an adapted cloud interface. In this review, traditional longitudinal data collection strategies are briefly described, emerging and novel strategies are detailed and explored, and information regarding the impact of novel methods on participant response rates, the timeliness of participant responses, and cost is provided. We further discuss how these novel and emerging strategies affect longitudinal data collection and advance research, specifically nursing research.ConclusionsEvidence suggests that the novel and emerging longitudinal data collection strategies discussed in this review are valuable approaches to consider. These strategies facilitate collecting longitudinal research data to better understand a variety of health‐related conditions. Future studies, including nursing research, should consider using novel and emerging strategies to advance longitudinal data collection.Clinical RelevanceA better understanding of novel and emerging longitudinal data collection strategies will ultimately improve longitudinal data collection as well as foster research efforts. Nurse researchers, along with all researchers, must be aware of and consider implementing novel and emerging strategies to ensure future healthcare research success.
Factors of caregiver burden and family functioning among Taiwanese family caregivers living with schizophrenia
Authors: Hsiao Chiu‐Yueh , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: December 2014

Aims and objectivesTo assess the degree of caregiver burden and family functioning among Taiwanese primary family caregivers of people with schizophrenia and to test its association with demographic characteristics, family demands, sense of coherence and family hardiness.BackgroundFamily caregiving is a great concern in mental illness. Yet, the correlates of caregiver burden and family functioning in primary family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia still remain unclear.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsA convenience sample of 137 primary family caregivers was recruited from two psychiatric outpatient clinics in Taiwan. Measures included a demographic information sheet and the Chinese versions of the Family Stressors Index, Family Strains Index, 13‐item Sense of Coherence Scale, 18‐item Caregiver Burden Scale, Family Hardiness Index and Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve Index. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson's product‐moment correlation coefficients, t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance and a stepwise multiple linear regression.3ResultsFemale caregivers, additional dependent relatives, increased family demands and decreased sense of coherence significantly increased caregiver burden, whereas siblings as caregivers reported lower degrees of burden than parental caregivers. Family caregivers with lower family demands, increased family hardiness and higher educational level had significantly enhanced family functioning. Sense of coherence was significantly correlated with family hardiness.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted the importance of sense of coherence and family hardiness in individual and family adaptation. Special attention needs to focus on therapeutic interventions that enhance sense of coherence and family hardiness, thereby improving the perception of burden of care and family functioning.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven the nature of family caregiving in schizophrenia, understanding of correlates of caregiver burden and family functioning would help provide useful avenues for the development of family‐focused intervention in psychiatric mental health nursing practice.
Lipoprotein(a) levels are associated with aortic valve calcification in asymptomatic patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Vongpromek R. , Bos S. , ten Kate G.‐J. R. , Yahya R. , Verhoeven A. J. M. , de Feyter P. J. , Kronenberg F. , Roeters van Lennep J. E. , Sijbrands E. J. G. , Mulder M. T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivesLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for aortic valve stenosis and aortic valve calcification (AVC) in the general population. In this study, we determined the association between AVC and both plasma Lp(a) levels and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] kringle IV repeat polymorphisms in asymptomatic statin‐treated patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH).MethodsA total of 129 asymptomatic heterozygous FH patients (age 40–69 years) were included in this study. AVC was detected using computed tomography scanning. Lp(a) concentration and apo(a) kringle IV repeat number were measured using immunoturbidimetry and immunoblotting, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the association between Lp(a) concentration and the presence of AVC.ResultsAortic valve calcification was present in 38.2% of patients, including three with extensive AVC (>400 Agatston units). Lp(a) concentration was significantly correlated with gender, number of apo(a) kringle IV repeats and the presence and severity of AVC, but not with coronary artery calcification (CAC). AVC was significantly associated with plasma Lp(a) level, age, body mass index, blood pressure, duration of statin use, cholesterol‐year score and CAC score. After adjustment for all significant covariables, plasma Lp(a) concentration remained a significant predictor of AVC, with an odds ratio per 10‐mg dL−1 increase in Lp(a) concentration of 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.20, P = 0.03).ConclusionIn asymptomatic statin‐treated FH patients, plasma Lp(a) concentration is an independent risk indicator for AVC.
The dynamic microstructure of organizational commitment
Authors: Solinger Omar N. , Hofmans Joeri , van Olffen Woody 
Published: December 2014

In this study, we examine how the classic elements of affect, cognition, and behaviour combine to form within‐person trajectories of organizational commitment. We test several key features of this ‘dynamic microstructure’ of commitment in an experience sampling setting (25 weekly measurements) among 72 organizational entrants and 23 exiters. We find support for the idea that within‐person change in affect is slower than within‐person change in cognition and behaviour. We find no support for the notion that affect would influence cognition and behaviour at the within‐person level. In fact, we have strong indications that the episodes of committing (organizational entry) and uncommitting (organizational exit) are mainly cognition driven. We discuss the implications of our study for tripartite attitude theory and commitment theory.Practitioner points

Organizational commitment can generally best be fostered via rational appeals. If a long‐term investment and sustained commitment is called for, emotional appeals work best.

Alumni officers may suffice with focusing purely on emotive appeals in upholding residual commitments of their alumni.