bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoretentive Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation, Alkenylation, and Alkynylation of 1‐Thiosugars and Thiols Using Aminobiphenyl Palladacycle Precatalyst at Room Temperature
Authors: Bruneau Alexandre , Roche Maxime , Hamze Abdallah , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad , Messaoudi Samir 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA general and efficient protocol for the palladium‐catalyzed functionalization of mono‐ and polyglycosyl thiols by using the palladacycle precatalyst G3‐XantPhos was developed. The CS bond‐forming reaction was achieved rapidly at room temperature with various functionalized (hetero)aryl‐, alkenyl‐, and alkynyl halides. The functional group tolerance on the electrophilic partner is typically high and anomer selectivities of thioglycosides are high in all cases studied. New sulfur nucleophiles such as thiophenols, alkythiols, and thioaminoacids (cysteine) were also successfully coupled to lead to the most general and practical method yet reported for the functionalization of thiols.
The role of second‐hand smoke exposure on smoking cessation in non–tobacco‐related cancers
Authors: Eng Lawson , Qiu Xin , Su Jie , Pringle Dan , Niu Chongya , Mahler Mary , Charow Rebecca , Villeneuve Jodie , Halytskyy Oleksandr , Lam Christine , Tiessen Kyoko , Brown M. Catherine , Howell Doris , Giuliani Meredith E. , Jones Jennifer M. , Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , Goldstein David P. , Xu Wei , Selby Peter , Liu Geoffrey 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDSecond‐hand smoke (SHS) is a significant barrier to smoking cessation after a diagnosis of cancer in patients with lung as well as head and neck cancers. In the current study, the authors evaluated the effect of SHS on smoking cessation among patients with those cancers not traditionally perceived to be strongly associated with smoking.METHODSPatients recruited from a single tertiary care center completed a self‐administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the association of sociodemographics, clinicopathological variables, and exposure to SHS with either smoking cessation or time to quitting.RESULTSIn all, 926 patients with diverse cancer subtypes completed the questionnaire. Of the 161 who were current smokers at the time of their cancer diagnosis, 48% quit after diagnosis. Lack of exposure to SHS at home was found to be associated with smoking cessation at any time after diagnosis (adjusted odd ratio, 4.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.56‐11.78 [P =.005]), with similar trends noted 1 year after diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.91‐7.22 [P =.08]). There was a significant inverse dose‐response relationship between hours of SHS exposure at home and smoking cessation. Spousal and peer smoking were not found to be significantly associated with smoking cessation on multivariate analysis (P>.05). Kaplan‐Meier analysis found that of patients who did quit smoking, 61% quit within 6 months of their cancer diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSExposure to SHS at home is a significant barrier to smoking cessation in patients whose cancers are not traditionally perceived as being related to tobacco. SHS should be a key consideration in the development of survivorship programs geared toward smoking cessation for all patients with cancer. Cancer 2015;121:2655–2663. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
One‐Step Synthesis of N‐Doped Carbon and Its Application as a Cost‐Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Yue Guizhou , Meng Kai , Liu Qin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon with a high surface area was prepared by the one‐step pyrolysis of cellulose paper under NH3 gas, and has been developed as an alternative to Pt/C for the oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells (MFCs).The electrochemical tests showed that the catalytic performance of N‐doped carbon in neutral media was significantly better than that of undoped carbon, with an onset of 0.21 V. The maximum power density of MFCs with the N‐doped carbon catalyst (1041±90 mW m−2) was much higher than that of Pt/C‐based MFC (584±10 mW m−2), while the cost was significantly lower. These results demonstrated that such N‐doped carbon has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, and can be a promising alternative to Pt/C in large‐scale applications of MFCs.
Analysis of flicker noise conversion to phase noise in CMOS differential LC oscillators
Authors: Nikpaik Amir , Nabavi Abdolreza 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAn analysis of the flicker noise conversion to close‐in phase noise in complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) differential inductance‐capacitance (LC)‐voltage controlled oscillator is presented. The contribution of different mechanisms responsible for flicker noise to phase noise conversion is investigated from a theoretical point of view. Impulse sensitivity function theory is exploited to quantify flicker noise to phase noise conversion process from both tail and core transistors. The impact of different parasitic capacitances inside the active core on flicker noise to phase noise conversion is investigated. Also, it is shown how different flicker noise models for core metal‐oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors may result in different close‐in phase noise behaviors. Based on the developed analysis, design guidelines for reducing the close‐in phase noise are introduced. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarity Effect and Electromagnetic Radiation of Partial Discharge Accompanying Growth of Electrical Tree
Authors: Mutakamihigashi Tatsuya , Kuroishi Yoshito , Ueno Hideki 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYWe have investigated the characteristics of radiated electromagnetic (EM) waves from positive and negative partial discharges (PD) in epoxy resin and cross‐linked polyethylene. We found that there is a correlation among the EM level from PD, the positive PD current, and electrical trees. Therefore, the growth of an electrical tree produces a lot of positive PD. We have also investigated the characteristics of the frequency region of EM waves from PD in air, insulating oil, and liquid epoxy in addition to the above insulators. EM waves were detected in the frequency region of 40 MHz to 300 MHz from positive and negative PD in epoxy resin and cross‐linked polyethylene. EM waves were also detected in the frequency region of 40 MHz to 150 MHz from positive and negative PD in air. In the case of insulating oil and liquid epoxy, EM waves were detected in the frequency regions of 40 MHz to 150 MHz from positive PD, and 40 MHz to 250 MHz from negative PD. The frequency region differed depending on the material and the discharge polarity. Our investigation indicates that the cause is differences in electric field strength at the time of PD occurrence.
Reactive fluid flow in CO2 storage reservoirs: A 2‐D pore network model study
Authors: Kim Seunghee , Santamarina J. Carlos 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWater acidifies in the presence of CO2 and prompts mineral dissolution. A 2‐D pore network model scheme is developed to investigate reactive fluid flow in CO2 storage reservoirs during injection when advective transport prevails. Mineral dissolution satisfies kinetic rate laws and continues until thermodynamic equilibrium is reached. In advection‐dominant regimes, network simulation results show that species concentration, tube enlargement and flow rate can be summarized in terms of the dimensionless Damköhler number Da which is the ratio between advection time along a pore and the reaction time. Reservoirs will tend to experience localized enlargement near injection wells (before water drying) and compact dissolution in the far‐field. The Damköhler number couples with initial pore‐size variability to distort the relationship between mean tube diameter and either local or network‐average flow rates. Both the Damköhler number and pore‐size variability should be considered in field‐scale numerical simulators.
Empathy, culture and self‐humanising: Empathising reduces the attribution of greater humanness to the self more in Japan than Australia
Authors: Park Joonha , Haslam Nick , Kashima Yoshi , Norasakkunkit Vinai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPeople tend to ascribe greater humanness to themselves than to others. Previous research has indicated that this “self‐humanising” bias is independent of self‐enhancement and robust across cultures. The present study examined the possible role of empathy in reducing this bias in Japan (N = 80) and Australia (N = 80). Results showed that unlike Australians, Japanese participants who recalled personal experiences of empathising with others were less likely to self‐humanise than those in a neutral condition. The effect of the empathy manipulation was not observed in Australia. The findings suggest that empathy may reduce self‐focus and enable perceivers to appreciate the full humanness of others, but this effect may be culturally contingent.
Robotic nasopharyngectomy via combined endonasal and transantral port: A preliminary cadaveric study
Authors: Cho Hyung‐Ju , Kang Ju Wan , Min Hyun Jin , Chung Hyo Jin , Park Do Yang , Ha Jong Gyun , Baek Seung Hak , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Kim Chang‐Hoon 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to determine the potential role of a surgical robotic system in nasopharyngeal surgery using bilateral transantral or combined endonasal/transantral port.Study DesignThe da Vinci robot (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) was used to perform dissection of the skull base on a whole fresh‐frozen cadaver.MethodsBilateral mega‐antrostomy was done with the usual endoscopic sinus surgery equipment. To obtain an accessible bilateral working space, posterior septectomy was performed. Next, bilateral anterior maxillary windows were created through a gingivobuccal incision. The 8.5‐mm‐diameter 0° or 30° three‐dimensional camera arm was introduced into a nostril. The two 5‐mm‐diameter articulating EndoWrist arms entered through the transantral or endonasal port. For the dissection, Maryland articulated forceps, needle driver, and monopolar spatula‐ or hook‐type electrocauterizer were used.ResultsThe 8.5‐mm diameter of the camera arm was easily inserted into the nostril. Excellent access to the nasopharyngeal area from the level of the palate up to the skull base crossing the sphenoid prow was possible. Bilateral robotic arms were able to move inside the nasopharyngeal space, and the target dissection area could be accessed fully via the transantral or endonasal port.ConclusionsThis is the first report about the feasibility of bilateral transantral or combined transantral/endonasal port for robotic nasopharyngectomy. Robotic removal of the entire nasopharyngeal area was successfully achieved without transpalatal or facial skin incision. These new approaches may be applied to selected patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma or other pathologic tumors involving the nasopharynx.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1839–1843, 2015
Desertification Research in Argentina
Authors: Torres Laura , Abraham Elena M. , Rubio Clara , Barbero‐Sierra Celia , Ruiz-Pérez Manuel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn Latin America, Argentina is second – behind Brazil – in extent of drylands: 55% of its territory. Research on desertification and dryland degradation has a lengthy tradition, being undertaken even prior to the establishment of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. The paper aims to analyse desertification research in Argentina, the disciplines from which its knowledge arises and the topics receiving greater attention. The work focuses on the results from descriptive, bibliometric and social network analyses of a sample of articles on desertification in scientific journals indexed in Web of Science. A visual representation of citation relationships was created considering keywords such as ‘desertification’, ‘dry*land*’, ‘*arid’ and ‘development’, ‘policy’ or ‘economy’ among others, in ‘Argentina’. According to this search, the number of papers per year dealing with desertification in Argentina is only 4·3. National knowledge, usually categorized as traditional knowledge, is barely captured by international databases. The challenge for the scientific community is to make traditional knowledge visible and disseminate the findings. Results demonstrate that desertification research in Argentina is in a great proportion related to studies of soil erosion and soil degradation, and only in a minor proportion to socioeconomic issues. However, desertification problems are the outcome of interactions among physical–biological, socioeconomic and political dimensions, and therefore, the science summoned to analyse them must not only be a science centred on isolated themes but also one resulting from interdisciplinary studies and integrated approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient Selection for Oesophagectomy: Impact of Age and Comorbidities on Outcome
Authors: O’Grady Gregory , Hameed Ahmer M. , Pang Tony C. , Johnston Emma , Lam Vincent T. , Richardson Arthur J. , Hollands Michael J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionSurgical resection of oesophageal cancer is a major procedure with potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Patient selection can be challenging, as operative benefit must be balanced against risk and impact on quality of life. This study defines modern trends in patient selection, and evaluates the impact of age, stage, and comorbidities on complications and survival following oesophagectomy, in a tertiary Australian experience.MethodsData were compiled across two 15‐year operative eras (‘Era 1’: 1981–1995; and ‘Era 2’: 1996–2010), with patients followed minimum 3 years. A total of 180 unselected records were analysed (powered for a relative hazard ratio of 0.5). Analyses defined patient selection trends, and for Era 2, the impact of age, comorbidities (Charlson score), and disease (T/N stage) on complications (Clavien‐Dindo grade) and survival (Kaplan–Meier). A further sub‐analysis was conducted with data divided into three 10‐year periods.ResultsThe age of operated patients increased from Era 1 to 2 (mean + 5 years; P < 0.001), but survival and complication rates were unchanged, including in patients ≥ 75 years (P > 0.5). In Era 2, reflecting recent practice, survival duration matched T/N stage (P < 0.001) but was independent of age at surgery (P = 0.56) and comorbidity score (P = 0.78). However, grade of worst post‐operative complication, including death (rate: 3.8 %), was correlated with both age (P < 0.01) and comorbidity score (P < 0.01).DiscussionOlder patients are now undergoing oesophagectomy. However, if they are selected appropriately, then older patients and those with comorbidities can expect similar stage‐matched survival outcomes to younger fitter patients, despite their higher operative risk. Poor outcomes persist in patients with locally advanced disease, and selection in this group should prioritise quality of life.
One‐Stage Colectomy with Intraoperative Colonic Irrigation for Acute Left‐Sided Malignant Colonic Obstruction
Authors: Otsuka Shimpei , Kaneoka Yuji , Maeda Atsuyuki , Takayama Yuichi , Fukami Yasuyuki , Isogai Masatoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundOne‐stage colectomy with intraoperative colonic irrigation (OCICI) may be useful in early resolution of acute left‐sided malignant colonic obstruction (ALMCO). However, the clinical benefit of this technique has not been fully investigated.MethodsBetween January 2007 and July 2014, 451 patients underwent left hemicolectomy or sigmoidectomy for colon cancer, of whom 25 underwent OCICI for ALMCO. The medical records of the patients who underwent OCICI for ALMCO were compared to 174 medical records of a control population (without ALMCO) who were matched for tumor characteristics.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in regard to age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, location of tumor, preoperative CEA levels, and previous abdominal surgeries. The OCICI for ALMCO group was associated with a longer operation time (153 ± 33 vs. 111 ± 47 min, p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found in patient morbidity, the duration of the postoperative hospital stay, or the tumor pathology between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that OCICI for ALMCO did not increase the risk of postoperative morbidity in patients with left‐sided colon cancer.ConclusionOCICI for ALMCO did not increase the rate of morbidity or prolong the hospital stay duration compared to treatment of a control population.
Making the first decision: lessons from the mouse
Authors: Jedrusik Agnieszka 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPre‐implantation development encompasses a period of 3–4 days over which the mammalian embryo has to make its first decision: to separate the pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) from the extra‐embryonic epithelial tissue, the trophectoderm (TE). The ICM gives rise to tissues mainly building the body of the future organism, while the TE contributes to the extra‐embryonic tissues that support embryo development after implantation. This review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the critical aspects of this first decision, and highlights the role of critical events, namely zytotic genome activation, compaction, polarization, asymmetric cell divisions, formation of the blastocyst cavity and expression of key transcription factors.
Prenatal undernutrition increases the febrile response to lipopolysaccharides in adulthood in male rats
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Kuwahara Akira , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt has been reported that prenatal undernutrition affects the development of the peripheral immune system. In this study, the effects of prenatal undernutrition on the febrile response and hypothalamic innate immune system were evaluated in male rats. Pregnant rats were divided into normally nourished (NN) and undernourished groups (UN). The febrile and anorectic responses to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were evaluated in the offspring of NN and UN dams. The hypothalamic expression levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were also evaluated. The UN rats exhibited significantly lighter body weights than the NN rats at birth; however, their mean body weight was the same as that of the NN rats by postnatal day 10. In adulthood, the UN rats exhibited significantly stronger febrile responses than the NN rats, and the anorectic responses of the UN rats also tended to be stronger than those of the NN rats. On the other hand, no differences in hypothalamic interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, TLR4, or NPY mRNA expression were detected between the NN and UN rats. These results suggest that prenatal undernutrition has long‐lasting effects on the febrile response to LPS. However, the precise mechanism underlying these effects and their pathophysiological significance remain unclear.
Use of the Dietary Guideline Index to assess cardiometabolic risk in adolescents
Authors: Chan She Ping-Delfos Wendy L. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Oddy Wendy H. , Burrows Sally , Mori Trevor A. 
Published: April 2015

The long-term adherence to the dietary guidelines has not been evaluated against emergence of cardiometabolic risks in adolescents with increasing rates of obesity. The present study aimed to (1) determine the level of adherence to the guidelines using the Australian Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents (DGI-CA) in adolescents of age 14 and 17 years and to (2) examine the relationship between their assessed diet quality and concurrently measured cardiometabolic risk factors over time. Data were analysed from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. The DGI-CA was determined from a FFQ. Anthropometry and fasting biochemical measures were taken using standard procedures. Hierarchical linear mixed models examined associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and DGI-CA, adjusting for socio-economic status, physical activity, BMI, and sex, and examining for interactions. The mean DGI-CA scores were 47·1 (sd 10·2) at 14 years (n 1419) and 47·7 (sd 11·0) at 17 years (n 843), and were not different between sex. There was a significant inverse association between DGI-CA and insulin, homeostasis model assessment score and heart rate. The DGI-CA was positively associated with BMI (P= 0·029) but negatively with waist:hip ratio (P= 0·026). It was not associated with lipids or blood pressure, with the exception of a negative association with TAG (P= 0·011). The degree of adherence in the Raine Study adolescents was suboptimal but similar to the Australian Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. The present study shows that, at any particular time, better diet quality was associated with better insulin sensitivity and TAG levels and decreased abdominal fatness.
PD-like controller with impedance for delayed bilateral teleoperation of mobile robots
Authors: Slawiñski E. , García S. , Salinas L. , Mut V. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a control scheme applied to the delayed bilateral teleoperation of mobile robots with force feedback in face of asymmetric and time-varying delays. The scheme is managed by a velocity PD-like control plus impedance and a force feedback based on damping and synchronization error. A fictitious force, depending on the robot motion and its environment, is used to avoid possible collisions. In addition, the stability of the system is analyzed from which simple conditions for the control parameters are established in order to assure stability. Finally, the performance of the delayed teleoperation system is shown through experiments where a human operator drives a mobile robot.
Occupancy-elevation grid: an alternative approach for robotic mapping and navigation
Authors: Souza Anderson , Gonçalves Luiz M. G. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an alternative environment mapping method for accurate robotic navigation based on 3D information. Typical techniques for 3D mapping using occupancy grid require intensive computational workloads in order to both build and store the map. This work introduces an Occupancy-Elevation Grid (OEG) mapping technique, which is a discrete mapping approach where each cell represents the occupancy probability, the height of the terrain and its variance. This representation allows a mobile robot to know with an accurate degree of certainty whether a place in the environment is occupied by an obstacle and the height of such obstacle. Thus, based on its hardware characteristics, it can make calculations to decide if it is possible to traverse that specific place. In general, the map representation introduced can be used in conjunction with any kind of distance sensor. In this work, we use laser range data and stereo system data with a probabilistic treatment. The resulting maps allow the execution of tasks as decision making for autonomous navigation, exploration, localization and path planning, considering the existence and the height of the obstacles. Experiments carried out with real data demonstrate that the proposed approach yields useful maps for autonomous navigation.