bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Shari'a-Based Restorative Justice in the Transition from Armed Conflict to Peacebuilding: Do Somalis Hold the View That the Restorative Justice Aspects within Qisas Offer a Solution?
Authors: Abdulkadir Rahma , Ackley Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Somalia's civil war has been ongoing for more than two decades. While there are studies that investigate possible conflict resolution mechanisms and peacebuilding processes for Somalia, there are not many scholarly works that look at specific instances of mass violence through the eyes of the public. This article presents qualitative findings from an ethnographic research study conducted on public opinion among Somalis regarding transitional conflict resolution approaches that address occurrences of mass violence that have taken place over the last two and half decades in this war torn country. The findings suggest that there is significant support for a model of transitional justice based on Islamic jurisprudence for Somalia. In particular, the interviewees in this study agree that certain elements of Islamic jurisprudence (e.g., restorative justice aspects of qisas) can be important tools for addressing instances of mass violence. However, it is imperative to note that many participants in this study expressed concerns about some of the distortions in the interpretation and application of Shari'a by extremist groups such as Al Shabaab in Somalia.
Arthur Rimbaud in Harär: Images, Reality, Memory
Authors: Ben-Dror Avishai 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article offers an alternative history of the French poet Arthur Rimbaud (1854–91) and his late nineteenth century life in Harär. It introduces Rimbaud not as a poet or humanist who travelled to Harär due to his inherent attraction to the exotic Orient, but as a white merchant and colonialist who desired to become rich in a colonial context. Examining Rimbaud's integration with the denizens of Harär and his refined writing from the town, it is clear that unlike many of his European colleagues, Rimbaud did not portray a binary reality of civilized West and barbaric Orient, and his case thus demonstrates the dynamism and variation of the travel writing genre, an integral part of its reciprocal relations with the indigenous sphere. The article also examines current research that characterizes Rimbaud as a memory agent of Harär, and analyzes the city's Rimbaud Museum as a site of memory. It thus deals with the “museumization” of Rimbaud in Harär as another aspect of the “orientalization” of his image and the instrumentalization of the town as an Oriental stage for the “poet” character.
“Bury Their Hearts”: Some Thoughts on the Specter of Homosexuality Haunting Russia
Authors: Essig Laurie 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Russia’s anti-gay propaganda laws and anti-gay sentiment have shocked many in the West. They shouldn’t have. In Soviet Russia, the homosexual was seen as a sign of foreign pollution, a temporary aberration—like a criminal or a disease—that will disappear in a more socialist future. As a result, queer Russians were not so much the stable homosexual species that they have been in the past 150 years in the West as much as momentary communities of desire. In the post-Soviet era, this history of the homosexual as foreign is now confronted with American understandings of gays and lesbians as “born this way” as well as American homophobia that posits the homosexual as a threat to children and the “traditional” family. By examining the clash between Russian and American histories of sexuality, we can see that the current anti-gay politics in Russia was not predetermined by its history, but certainly shaped by it. With the confluence of an insecure state, growing nationalism, and the increasing importance of conservative Orthodox Christianity, Russia’s history of sexuality has shaped the homosexual into its current form as a threat from outside, akin to Central Asian immigrants in the nationalist imagination, and a threat that must be eliminated.
Laughter in the Archives: Jackie “Moms” Mabley and the Haunted Diva
Authors: Wood Katelyn Hale 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Scholars and cultural critics often cite Jackie “Moms” Mabley as the first African American stand-up comedienne. Mabley’s career spanned sixty years, from minstrel shows in the early 1900s to sold-out performances at the Apollo in the 1960s. At the peak of her fame, Mabley was one of the country’s most popular comedians and a major figure in the Civil Rights movement. Unfortunately, Mabley’s place in history is marginal at best. This article proposes an intervention in Mabley’s archive by reading her work through three themes: (1) quare/queer performance; (2) Black feminist performance of temporality and (3) re-membering Black feminist agency. I conclude with a call to continue the expansion of queer archives and critical analysis of Mabley’s work. I address these historiographical deficiencies to celebrate her brave and innovative performances, as Mabley’s humor intertwined entertainment and feminist/anti-racist politics to cut through the pains and silences of pre-Civil Rights United States.
Telomere length and vascular wall in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dudinskaya Ekaterina Nailyevna , Tkacheva Olga Nikolaevna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Brailova Natalya Vasilyevna , Strazhesko Irina Dmitrievna , Akasheva Dariga Uaidinichna , Isaykina Olesya Yuryevna , Pokrovskaya Maria Sergeevna , Sharashkina Natalya Viktorovna , Boytsov Sergey Anatolyevich 
Published: October 2014

Aim. To study the relationship between changes in the artery structure and function and peripheral lymphocyte telomere length in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients with T2DM and without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were included in the study; the control group consisted of 49 people. The following tests were conducted for all study participants: carbohydrate metabolism evaluation, carotid artery duplex scan to measure intima?media complex thickness (IMT) and to determine the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, carotid?femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement and lymphocyte telomere length measurement. Results. The vascular changes were more pronounced in patients with T2DM than in controls. The telomeres were shorter in patients with T2DM than in those without diabetes (9.53?0.1 vs 9.86?0.1, p=0.033). The participants were divided according to the telomere length. Among patients with T2DM, there were significant differences in the condition of the vascular wall [PWV: 10.58?0.1 m/s in patients with ?long? telomeres and 15.08?1.3 m/s in patients with ?short? telomeres; IMT: 0.80?0.09 mm in patients with ?long? telomeres and 0.87?0.05 mm in patients with ?short? telomeres (p=0.024)]. There were no significant differences in the arterial structure between the patient and control groups with ?long? telomeres [PWV: 10.58?0.1 m/s vs 10.5?0.5 m/s (p=0.913); IMT: 0.080?0.09 mm vs 0.73?0.03 mm (p=0.12). However, there were significant differences in the vascular wall condition between the patient and control groups with ?short? telomeres [PWV: 15.08?1.3 m/s vs, 10.7?0.5 m/s (p=0.015); IMT: 0.87?0.1 vs 0.78?0.1 (p=0.03)]. Conclusions. The signs of vascular ageing were more pronounced in patients with T2DM than in controls. However, despite diabetes, vascular changes were minimal in patients with ?long? lymphocyte telomeres, comparable with the state of the vascular walls in healthy individuals. Thus, enhanced lymphocyte telomere length may have a protective effect on the vascular wall and may prevent damage from carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
Active intervention in hospital test request panels pays
Authors: Janssens Pim M.W. , Staring Wilma , Winkelman Kirsten , Krist Gert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOrdering laboratory tests by means of test panels is a convenient way of requesting tests, preventing necessary tests from being forgotten. However, it also leads to redundant test ordering, as not all tests in a given panel are required for each patient. As test panels proposed by doctors may contain redundant, overlapping or infrequently used tests, the active involvement of knowledgeable laboratory staff in the organisation of test panels is advisable to promote efficient test use.Laboratory staff initiated an intervention in the organisation of test panels at our hospital in 2009. After a review of the existing panels and the proposals for new panels, we established a total of 60 panels (down from 171 previously). We also stipulated that the laboratory is to be involved with all proposals for new test panels in the future.The reorganisation reduced the number of tests in the test panels by 17.7% (n=60), which theoretically should have resulted in 4.5% fewer tests being ordered. However, as an estimated 14% of the tests removed were then ordered individually in addition to the panels, 3.9% fewer tests were ordered, yielding an annual saving of about €58,000 (4.5% of the costs of all tests ordered in test panels). The savings amount to 7–8% if the frequently ordered metabolic panel (which was left unchanged) was excluded from the survey.Active intervention by the laboratory in the organisation of test panels results in a reduction in the use of tests and in interesting savings.
On algebraic relations between solutions of a generic Painlevé equation
Authors: Nagloo Joel , Pillay Anand 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the present paper, we prove that if

y
′′

=

f
⁢

(
y
,

y
′

,
t
,
α
,
β
,
…
)

${y^{\prime\prime}\hskip-0.569055pt=\hskip-0.569055ptf(y,y^{\prime},t,\alpha,%
\beta,\ldots)}$

is a “generic” Painlevé equation (that is, an equation in one
of the families

P
I

${P_{\rm I}}$

–

P
VI

${P_{\rm VI}}$

but with the relevant complex parameters

α
,
β
,
…

${\alpha,\beta,\ldots}$

algebraically independent), and if

y
1

,
…
,

y
n

${y_{1},\ldots,y_{n}}$

are solutions such that

y
1

,

y
1
′

,

y
2

,

y
2
′

,
…
,

y
n

,

y
n
′

$y_{1},y_{1}^{\prime},y_{2},y_{2}^{\prime},\ldots,y_{n},y_{n}^{\prime}$

are algebraically dependent over

ℂ
⁢

(
t
)

${{\mathbb{C}}(t)}$

, then already for some

1
≤
i
<
j
≤
n

${1\leq i<j\leq n}$

,

y
i

,

y
i
′

,

y
j

,

y
j
′

${y_{i},y_{i}^{\prime},y_{j},y_{j}^{\prime}}$

are algebraically dependent over

ℂ
⁢

(
t
)

${{\mathbb{C}}(t)}$

. The proof combines results by the Japanese school on “irreducibility” of the Painlevé equations, with the trichotomy theorem for strongly minimal sets in differentially closed fields.
Industrial waste water for biotechnological reduction of aldehyde emissions from wood products
Authors: Stratev Daniel , Günther Eva , Steindl Johannes , Kuncinger Thomas , Srebotnik Ewald , Rieder-Gradinger Cornelia 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Pine wood particles were treated with effluents from the wood-board manufacturing industry or from a communal clarification plant, and the effect of these treatments on aldehyde emissions of wood material was tested. Pine wood strands were treated in the same manner and strand boards were produced from the treated material on a laboratory scale. The 28-day volatile organic compound emissions of the boards were determined in a microchamber using Tenax-TDAS/GC-MS analytics. Boards made from treated strands exhibited significantly lower aldehyde emissions compared to control boards. Analyses of microflora and of wood extractives confirmed that microbial metabolism in industrial effluents consumed unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) present in wood. As UFAs are the source of aldehyde emissions due to auto-oxidation, the aldehyde emission was consequently reduced. A routine treatment of wood raw material with properly chosen industrial effluents may therefore be regarded as a cost-reducing and efficient method for the utilisation of industrial waste waters.
Oxygen plasma treatment of bamboo fibers (BF) and its effects on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of BF-unsaturated polyester composites
Authors: Liu Wendi , Chen Tingting , Xie Tianshun , Lai Fuwen , Qiu Renhui 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of bamboo fibers (BF) has been investigated that includes crushing, rolling, and other combing techniques with 1,4-butanediol as a dispersant. The fibers were treated by oxygen plasma to improve their interfacial adhesion to unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins. Composites were prepared from the plasma treated fibers (BFtr) and UPE by hand lay-up compression molding. BFtr significantly increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the resulting BF-UPE composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the plasma treatment essentially increased the storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the composites. The damping parameter of the composites showed a decreasing trend in the glassy region, while the opposite was true for the rubbery region. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the treatment did not change the crystal structures within the fibers but increased slightly their crystallinity indices. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the surface of BFtr had a higher oxygen concentration and oxygen/carbon ratio than that of BF. The scanning electron microscopy graphs of the tensile-fractured surface of the composites demonstrated an improved interfacial adhesion between BFtr and UPE resins.
Hille–Wintner type comparison criteria for the half-linear differential equations of third order
Authors: Kiseľák Jozef 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We obtain an analogue of the integral Hille–Wintner comparison theorem for the half-linear differential equations of
third order. We also give an example involving a differential equation of Euler type, which gives a condition under which half-linear differential equations have weak property B.
Generating Use Case Models from Arabic User Requirements in a Semiautomated Approach Using a Natural Language Processing Tool
Authors: Arman Nabil , Jabbarin Sari 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAutomated software engineering has attracted a large amount of research efforts. The use of object-oriented methods for software systems development has made it necessary to develop approaches that automate the construction of different Unified Modeling Language (UML) models in a semiautomated approach from textual user requirements. UML use case models represent an essential artifact that provides a perspective of the system under analysis or development. The development of such use case models is very crucial in an object-oriented development method. The main principles used in obtaining these models are described. A natural language processing tool is used to parse different statements of the user requirements written in Arabic to obtain lists of nouns, noun phrases, verbs, verb phrases, etc., that aid in finding potential actors and use cases. A set of steps that represent our approach for constructing a use case model are presented. Finally, the proposed approach is validated using an experiment involving a group of graduate students who are familiar with use case modeling.
Effect of different photoinitiators on the properties of UV-cured electromagnetic shielding composites
Authors: Dai Yuting , Qiu Fengxian , Wang Lili , Zhao Jinliang , Yang Dongya , Kong Liying , Yu Zongping , Yang Pengfei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A series of UV-cured electromagnetic shielding composites (UV-EMSC) containing different content of graphene oxide (GO) were prepared with oligomer, acrylate active diluents and different photoinitiators (Darocur 1173, Irgacure 184 or Irgacure 651). To fabricate conductive oligomer with low resistivity, polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) was used as the polymer matrix to help construct two-dimensional conductive networks consisting of GO. For forming conductive network structure, the surface functional groups (-OH, -COOH) of GO served as slightly conductive particles bonded with -NCO from the chain of polyurethane. The UV-EMSC exhibited a low resistivity of approximately 402 Ω·cm and an outstanding enhanced electrical conductivity of 249 mS/m at a GO content of 0.0200%. The effects of different photoinitiators on the properties of UV-cured films were investigated. The results indicate that the prepared UV-EMSC has great potential applications in different regions, such as in coatings of electronic, electrical, communications, plastic coatings and wood finishes.
Clinical and Organizational Factors Related to the Reduction of Mechanical Restraint Application in an Acute Ward: An 8-Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lorenzo Rosaria Di , Miani Fiorenza , Formicola Vitantonio , Ferri Paola 
Published: October 2014

Background:The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of mechanical restraint use in an acute psychiatric ward and to analyze which variables may have significantly influenced the use of this procedure.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted in the Servizio Psichiatrico di Diagnosi e Cura (SPDC) of Modena Centro. The following variables of our sample, represented by all restrained patients admitted from 1-1-2005 to 31-12-2012, were analyzed: age, gender, nationality, psychiatric diagnoses, organic comorbidity, state and duration of admission, motivation and duration of restraints, nursing shift and hospitalization day of restraint, number of patients admitted at the time of restraint and institutional changes during the observation period. The above variables were statistically compared with those of all other non-restrained patients admitted to our ward in the same period.Results:Mechanical restraints were primarily used as a safety procedure to manage aggressive behavior of male patients, during the first days of hospitalization and night shifts. Neurocognitive disorders, organic comorbidity, compulsory state and long duration of admission were statistically significantly related to the increase of restraint use (p<.001, multivariate logistic regression). Institutional changes, especially more restricted guidelines concerning restraint application, were statistically significantly related to restraint use reduction (p<.001, chi2 test, multivariate logistic regression).Conclusion:The data obtained highlight that mechanical restraint use was influenced not only by clinical factors, but mainly by staff and policy factors, which have permitted a gradual but significant reduction in the use of this procedure through a multidimensional approach.
The Pathophysiology and Progression of Hip Osteoarthritis Accompanied with Joint Pain are Potentially Due to Bone Alterations - Follow-up Study of Hip OA Patients
Authors: Kamimura Mikio , Nakamura Yukio , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Ikegami Shota , Mukaiyama Keijiro , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2014

Objectives :
This study examined hip osteoarthritis (OA) patients with joint pain and accompanying signal changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods :
A total of 19 hip OA patients with suddenly occurring or worsening pain regardless of Kellgren-Lawrence grading were enrolled. The patients were monitored using MRI, plain radiographs, and the Denis pain scale for a minimum of 6 months. The patients were classified into 2 groups: those whose pain improved during conservative treatment (Group A) and those whose pain persisted (Group B).

Results :
Joint pain disappeared or was markedly improved in all 10 cases in Group A. Radiographic OA progression occurred in 7 of 8 cases with available radiographs. Hip MRI was performed on 7 of 10 patients, among whom bone signal changes disappeared in 6 patients. One patient exhibited persisting bone signal alterations although joint pain had completely disappeared. In Group B, joint pain remained in all 9 cases. Radiographic OA progression occurred in 8 of 9 cases, and local (4 cases) or broad (5 cases) bone signal alterations were present in end-point MRI examinations. Two patients exhibited different regional MRI bone signal changes (local or broad) at the end of follow-up. The mean age of Group B was significantly higher than that of Group A.

Conclusion :
This study uncovered the following observations: 1) hip OA with joint pain had bone alterations that were detectable by MRI, 2) these bone alterations disappeared when joint pain improved, 3) bone alterations remained when joint pain continued, and 4) radiographic OA progressed to a more advanced stage over a short time period. These findings indicate that the pathophysiology of OA, joint pain, and OA progression may primarily be due to bone changes.
Influence of Solution Nitriding of Supersolidus–Sintered Cold Work Tool Steels on their Hardenability
Authors: Blüm M. , Conrads J. , Weber S. , Theisen W. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Powder metallurgical steel grades offer higher quality and performance compared to cast and forged steel grades due to their finer microstructure without segregations or textures. Because high-alloyed, cold work tool steels cannot be compacted by solid-state sintering, hot isostatic pressing is state of the art. This process, however, is comparatively expensive and there is thus a high demand for alternative densification processes. Supersolidus liquid-phase sintering represents an alternative to hot isostatic pressing for densification of these steels to theoretical density. During sintering, the steel powder interacts with the sintering atmosphere, which can be a vacuum, hydrogen, hydrogen plus nitrogen, or nitrogen. In a nitrogen atmosphere, there may be nitrogen uptake by the sintered material, which changes the chemical composition of the steel and thus results in a decrease in the sintering temperature. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of nitrogen uptake on the hardenability of a high-alloyed and supersolidus-sintered cold work tool steel. Computational thermodynamics using the Calphad method were applied to calculate the optimal parameters for direct quenching from the sintering temperature. In addition, the tempering response was investigated as a function of the heat-treatment parameters. It was found that nitriding exerts a significant influence on the hardenability, which is also dependent on the cooling rate from the sintering temperature to the quenching temperature. Hardenability was predicted qualitatively on the basis of equilibrium carbon concentrations of the austenitic matrix calculated with the Calphad method.
Microstructure Characterization and Kinetics of Crystallization Behavior of Tubular Spray Formed Fe43.2Co28.8B19.2Si4.8Nb4 Bulk Metallic Glass*
Authors: Cava R. D. , Aliaga L. C. R. , Rios C. Trivenõ , Uhlenwinkel V. , Ellendt N. , Kiminami C. S. , Bolfarini C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this study the Fe43.2Co28.8B19.2Si4.8Nb4 (at.%) alloy was processed by spray forming in an industrial facility with the aim of investigating the formation of amorphous phases. The thicker layers (5–15 mm) presented partial/fully crystalline microstructure with onset of crystallization of the amorphous phase at T

x
= 595 °C. On the other hand, thinner layers (below 2.5 mm) presented fully amorphous structure, and glassy behaviour with glass transition (T

g
) at 555 °C. The thermal stability and the crystallization kinetics of the alloy were studied using the isothermal DSC curves, measured at different heating rates and temperatures. Despite its good glass-forming ability (GFA) and high stability against crystallizations, its incubation time for crystallization is almost zero. In order to rule-out the complete crystallization mechanism, in situ temperature resolved studies using TEM were done. In addition, the amorphous part of the deposit was heat treated at various temperatures/times and the results were compared with the in situ crystallization behavior observed by TEM.