bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Catalytic Order Drives the Complexification of Molecular Replication Networks
Authors: Wagner Nathaniel , Ashkenasy Gonen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCatalytic replication networks have frequently served to study emergent phenomena in complex mixtures. In a series of recent research papers, we have analyzed the effects of the autocatalytic reaction order on various behaviors of these networks, and in particular, on their possibility to evolve and mimic functions often observed in cell biochemistry. In this review, we first discuss and derive properties of minimal self‐replication, with an emphasis on catalytic order, reaction order, and properties directly affected by the order. We then expand our discussion to include catalytic networks, and review some of the implications of symmetry and order in these networks. Consequently, we look at open catalytic networks and their oscillations in replication product formation, again emphasizing the critical role played by the catalytic order. Finally, we describe an extension of the catalytic networks research using the quasispecies model, where we note the implications of the order on the phase transitions observed in these systems. Further implications of these results for emergence and evolution are discussed.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation‐induced angiogenesis
Authors: Szade Agata , Grochot‐Przeczek Anna , Florczyk Urszula , Jozkowicz Alicja , Dulak Jozef 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBlood vessel formation is a fundamental process for the development of organism and tissue regeneration. Of importance, angiogenesis occurring during postnatal development is usually connected with inflammation. Here, we review how molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inflammatory reactions regulate angiogenesis. Inflamed tissues are characterized by hypoxic conditions and immune cell infiltration. In this review, we describe an interplay of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs), HIF1 and HIF2, as well as NF‐κB and nitric oxide in the regulation of angiogenesis. The mobilization of macrophages and the differential role of M1 and M2 macrophage subsets in angiogenesis are also discussed. Next, we present the current knowledge about microRNA regulation of inflammation in the context of new blood vessel formation. Finally, we describe how the mechanisms involved in inflammation influence tumor angiogenesis. We underlay and discuss the role of NF‐E2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase‐1 pathway as crucial in the regulation of inflammation‐induced angiogenesis. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(3):145–159, 2015
Establishment of a mouse model for amiodarone‐induced liver injury and analyses of its hepatotoxic mechanism
Authors: Takai Shohei , Oda Shingo , Tsuneyama Koichi , Fukami Tatsuki , Nakajima Miki , Yokoi Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is the most frequent cause of post‐marketing warnings and withdrawals. Amiodarone (AMD), an antiarrhythmic, presents a risk of liver injury in humans, and its metabolites, formed by cytochrome P450 3A4, are likely more toxic to hepatocytes than AMD is. However, it remains to be clarified whether the metabolic activation of AMD is involved in liver injury in vivo. In this study, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AMD‐induced liver injury, mice were administered AMD [1000 mg kg–1, per os (p.o.)] after pretreatment with dexamethasone [DEX, 60 mg kg–1, intraperitoneal (i.p.)], which induces P450 expression, once daily for 3 days. The plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased by AMD administration in the DEX‐pretreated mice, and the liver concentrations of desethylamiodarone (DEA), a major metabolite of AMD, were correlated with the changes in the plasma ALT levels. Cytochrome c release into the hepatic cytosol and triglyceride levels in the plasma were increased in DEX plus AMD‐administered mice. Furthermore, the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione disulfide in the liver significantly decreased in the DEX plus AMD‐administered mice. The increase of ALT levels was suppressed by treatment with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), which is an inhibitor of Kupffer cell function. From these results, it is suggested that AMD and/or DEA contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD‐induced liver injury by producing mitochondrial and oxidative stress and Kupffer cell activation. This study proposes the mechanisms of AMD‐induced liver injury using an in vivo mouse model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are the High Hip Fracture Rates Among Norwegian Women Explained by Impaired Bone Material Properties?
Authors: Duarte Sosa Daysi , Vilaplana Laila , Güerri Roberto , Nogués Xavier , Wang-Fagerland Morten , Diez-Perez Adolfo , F Eriksen Erik 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Hip fracture rates in Norway rank among the highest in the world, more than double that of Spanish women. Previous studies were unable to demonstrate significant differences between the two populations with respect to bone mass or calcium metabolism. In order to test whether the difference in fracture propensity between both populations could be explained by differences in bone material quality we assessed bone material strength using microindentation in 42 Norwegian and 46 Spanish women with normal BMD values, without clinical or morphometric vertebral fractures, no clinical or laboratory signs of secondary osteoporosis, and without use of drugs with known influence on bone metabolism. Bone material properties were assessed by microindentation of the thick cortex of the mid tibia following local anesthesia of the area using the Osteoprobe device (Active Life Scientific, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). Indentation distance was standardized against a calibration phantom of methylmethacrylate and results, as percentage of this reference value, expressed as bone material strength index units (BMSi). We found that the bone material properties reflected in the BMSi value of Norwegian women was significantly inferior when compared to Spanish women (77 ± 7.1 versus 80.7 ± 7.8, p &lt; 0.001). Total hip BMD was significantly higher in Norwegian women (1.218 g/cm2 versus 0.938 g/cm2, p &lt; 0.001) but regression analysis revealed that indentation values did not vary with BMD r2 = 0.03 or age r2 = 0.04. In conclusion Norwegian women show impaired bone material properties, higher bone mass, and were taller than Spanish women. The increased height will increase the impact on bone after falls, and impaired bone material properties may further enhance the risk fracture after such falls. These ethnic differences in bone material properties may partly explain the higher propensity for fracture in Norwegian women. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Giberella fujikuroi species complex isolated from maize and wheat in Iran: distribution, molecular identification and fumonisin B1in vitro biosynthesis
Authors: Mohammadi Abdelnasser , Shams‐Ghahfarokhi Masoomeh , Nazarian‐Firouzabadi Farhad , Kachuei Reza , Gholami‐Shabani Mohammadhassan , Razzaghi‐Abyaneh Mehdi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDContamination of food and agricultural crops by Fusarium species is a major concern of food spoilage and a potential public health hazard. In the present study, natural contamination of maize and wheat samples from main cultivation areas of Iran by Fusarium species belonging to the Giberella fujikuroi species complex was evaluated, with special attention to the ability of the isolates to produce fumonisin B1 (FB1).RESULTSA total of 55 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 27/32 maize samples (84.4%) and 11/15 wheat samples (73.3%). They were identified as F. verticillioides (47.3%), F. proliferatum (47.3%), F. fujikuroi (1.8%), F. nygamai (1.8%) and F. redolens (1.8%) by sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1‐α (TEF1‐α). Twenty‐two of 55 Fusarium isolates belonging to F. proliferatum (23.6%), F. verticillioides (14.5%) and F. fujikuroi (1.8%) produced FB1 in the concentration range 230.4–9565.0 µg mL−1. The dendrogram resulting from the TEF1‐α profile showed that the genotypes were divided into clusters I, II and III, of which cluster III contained only F. redolens, its first report from Iran.CONCLUSIONOn the basis of in vitro FB1 biosynthesis of the analyzed strains, the high degree of contamination of maize and wheat with Fusarium strains reported here should be considered as a potential public health threat, because a meaningful number of the isolates were found to produce hazardous levels of carcinogenic FB1. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of Lab Prepared Manganese Oxide Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Ilyas Mohammad , Siddique Mohsin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe oxidation of benzyl alcohol in the liquid phase was studied over manganese oxide catalyst using molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Manganese oxide was prepared by a mechanochemical process in solid state and was characterized by chemical and physical techniques. The catalytic performance of manganese oxide was explored by carrying out the oxidation of benzyl alcohol at 323–373 K temperature and 34–101 kPa partial pressure of oxygen. Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were identified as the reaction products. Typical batch reactor kinetic data were obtained and fitted to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Eley–Rideal, and Mars–van Krevelene models of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. The Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was found to give a better fit. Adsorption of benzyl alcohol at the surface of the catalyst followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The heat of adsorption for benzyl alcohol was determined as –18.14 kJ mol−1. The adsorption of oxygen followed the Temkin adsorption isotherm. The maximum heat of adsorption for oxygen was –31.12 kJ mol−1. The value of activation energy was 71.18 kJ mol−1, which was apparently free from the influence of the heat of adsorption of both benzyl alcohol and oxygen.
Complementary in‐situ electrochemical ICP‐OES and corrosion studies of hot‐formed zinc alloy coated steel
Authors: Wiesener M. , Schinkinger B. , Grundmeier G. 
Published: April 2015

A spectroelectrochemical approach for the fundamental analysis of the cathodic corrosion behavior of hot‐formed zinc alloy coated steel based on the in‐situ combination of inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) is presented. Complementary to the microscopic information on the alloy dissolution, line‐scans of the free corrosion potential were measured across welding spots with a scanning capillary cell (SCC) to illustrate both the change in the local coating integrity and the ability of the coating to cathodically protect possible defects in the welding spot area. These studies were performed as a function of the holding time during hot‐forming. The results of the coulometric ICP‐OES measurements and the potential line‐scans are in very good agreement and show that in‐situ ICP‐OES provides insight into the dissolution behavior of zinc alloys that goes far beyond standard electrochemical techniques such as coulometry alone. It could be shown that the hot‐forming induced alloying of zinc with iron leads to preferential dissolution of zinc in the initial phase and to a parallel dissolution of iron and zinc in the second phase. For zinc‐nickel alloys the initial preferential zinc dissolution leads to a fast de‐alloying and the dissolution of the nickel rich phase occurs at rather anodic potentials.The alloying of nickel into zinc coatings leads to an inhibition of the zinc dissolution and hence to a decrease of the cathodic corrosion protection ability. However, the zinc‐nickel coatings are more resistant to evaporation and the defect formation in the welding spot is less significant. It could be shown that under the same conditions an aluminum silicon alloy does not show a significant preferential anodic dissolution hinting at a negligible cathodic protection.
The Impact of Consumer Confusion on Nutrition Literacy and Subsequent Dietary Behavior
Authors: Spiteri Cornish Lara , Moraes Caroline 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of consumer confusion on nutrition knowledge, literacy, and dietary behavior. While previous research largely focuses on understanding why consumers might not respond to healthy eating communications, this paper seeks to uncover the various behavioral responses to such campaigns, particularly those that contravene health communication objectives. Using an interpretive methodology, findings suggest that most participants do respond to health communications by striving to eat healthily, but inadequate nutrition information derived from unreliable sources, flawed baseline nutrition knowledge, and poor nutrition literacy hinder participants’ efforts. Inconsistent, incomplete, and contradictory information leaves many participants feeling confused about how to implement healthy eating habits. Further, a lack of ability to differentiate between credible and unreliable sources of nutrition information means that many participants blame their confusion on policymakers, and express frustration and cynicism toward vague and often contradictory communications. This, in turn, increases participants’ reliance on food adverts, product labels, and other commercial sources of ambiguous yet appealing information. The paper's theoretical contribution includes a consumer confusion framework for healthy eating, and policy implications highlight that health campaigns seeking to increase consumer awareness of healthy eating are not enough. Policymakers must become the most credible sources of information about healthy eating, and distinguish themselves from competing and unreliable sources of nutrition information.
An Apple a Day Brings More Apples Your Way: Healthy Samples Prime Healthier Choices
Authors: Tal Aner , Wansink Brian 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFood samples can prime healthier or less healthy choices. We show this in both field (Study 1) and lab (Studies 2–3) settings. Healthy samples (Studies 1–2) or samples framed as healthy (Study 3) increase healthy purchases of both food products that are similar to the sample (Study 1) and those that are less closely related to it (Study 2–3). The studies advance our knowledge concerning the effects of samples, demonstrating that samples can serve as primes and encourage purchase of a greater number of products that are similar to the sample on dimensions such as healthiness. The findings can be used by retailers, policy bodies, and consumers to nudge consumers toward healthier options.
A Change for the Better? Digital Health Technologies and Changing Food Consumption Behaviors
Authors: Lowe Ben , Fraser Iain , Souza‐Monteiro Diogo M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMuch of the existing literature in the area of food and consumer behavior concerns consumer evaluation of individual products. However, obesity and other food‐related health conditions typically occur as a result of poor diets and lifestyle, rather than poor individual product choices. As consumers, we generally have an imperfect understanding of our diet and lifestyle and use heuristics to process complex diet and lifestyle information. Increasingly, as ubiquitous computing applications in the area of food and consumption proliferate a number of questions arise about how consumers are using these technologies to assist them in processing their diet and lifestyle information. This article addresses this juncture by integrating streams of research in food consumption, information processing, and technology adoption to better understand consumer interaction with Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) to assist in information processing. As this represents a relatively new stream of research in an area of growing importance, the article develops a conceptual framework about consumer interaction with DHTs and identifies a number of pertinent questions for future research to examine.
Stress memory polymers
Authors: Hu Jinlian , Kumar Bipin , Narayana Harishkumar 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLike shape memory polymers, a novel phenomenon of stress memory was shown in which the stress of a material can respond to an external stimulus. This concept was further enlightened by a switch‐spring‐frame model that would eliminate the limitation of existing models which overlooked the stimulus responsive nature of such polymers. The discovery being reported in this article was stemmed from a real case study into shape memory polymer fibers in compression stocking for varicose veins. The breakthrough of stress memory enabled researchers to develop applications needing stimuli‐responsive forces, which can broaden the horizon of such smart polymers in emerging smart products in many multidisciplinary fields such as sensors, stress garments, and massage devices, electronic skins, and artificial muscles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 893–898
Coupling between overall rotational diffusion and domain motions in proteins and its effect on dielectric spectra
Authors: Ryabov Yaroslav 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we formulate a closed‐form solution of the model of a semirigid molecule for the case of fluctuating and reorienting molecular electric dipole moment. We illustrate with numeric calculations the impact of protein domain motions on dielectric spectra using the example of the 128 kDa protein dimer of Enzyme I. We demonstrate that the most drastic effect occurs for situations when the characteristic time of protein domain dynamics is comparable to the time of overall molecular rotational diffusion. We suggest that protein domain motions could be a possible explanation for the high‐frequency contribution that accompanies the major relaxation dispersion peak in the dielectric spectra of protein aqueous solutions. We propose that the presented computational methodology could be used for the simultaneous analysis of dielectric spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance data. Proteins 2015; 83:1571–1581. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mobility and the Transiency of Social Spaces: African Merchant Entrepreneurs in China
Authors: Bork‐Hüffer Tabea , Rafflenbeul Birte , Li Zhigang , Kraas Frauke , Xue Desheng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates how China's heterogeneous African population contributes to shaping new types of social spaces in Chinese cities. We analyse how their different types of collective (primary and corporate) agency work in the creation of transient spaces, that is, translocal and transforming spaces in Guangzhou and Foshan, China. A mixed‐methods research approach was applied to cover the breadth and depth of African merchants' social spaces in both cities. The results indicate that many African merchants are mobile individuals linked across China and across national borders to their home countries and other countries in which they have lived and worked. Whereas other authors have looked into traders' migration pathways via Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, and Macao to China, our results also stress the importance of previous intermediate stations, particularly in West African states, South Africa, and Dubai. The transiency of the social spaces of Africans is underlined by the high mobility of many of them, including the great inflow of new migrants with trajectories that are often informed by living in or experiencing a variety of other societies, business environments, and living and working conditions. Through their translocal and transnational activities, experiences, and trajectories, African merchants contribute to the emergence of new transient spaces in both cities, as well as to successful business performance, which also benefits the Chinese economy and society. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The growth of AgGaTe2 layers on glass substrates with Ag2Te buffer layer by closed space sublimation method
Authors: Uruno Aya , Usui Ayaka , Takeda Yuji , Inoue Tomohiro , Kobayashi Masakazu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe AgGaTe2 layer growth was performed by the closed space sublimation method on the Mo/glass substrate. The Ag2Te buffer layer was inserted between AgGaTe2 and Mo layers, to improve the quality of grown layers. Crystallographic properties were analyzed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the surface morphologies were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Ag2Te layer grown on the Mo/glass exhibited a membrane filter structure from the SEM observation. XRD spectra of layers grown with and without the buffer layer were compared. The AgGaTe2 layer with the Ag2Te buffer layer exhibited peaks originating from AgGaTe2, and a very strong diffraction peak of 112 was observed. On the other hand, it was cleared that the layer grown without the buffer layer exhibited no strong peaks associated with AgGaTe2, but Ga‐Te compounds. From this, crystallographic properties of the AgGaTe2 layer were drastically improved by the insertion of the Ag2Te buffer layer. Moreover, the surface morphology exhibited a smooth surface when the Ag2Te buffer layer was inserted. The nucleation site density of AgGaTe2 was probably increased since the membrane filter structure exhibited numbers of kinks at the edge. Chemical reaction between Ga and Mo was also eliminated. It was cleared that the insertion of the buffer layer and its surface morphology were an important parameter to grow high quality AgGaTe2 layers. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Two Coordination Polymers with Different Interpenetrated Diamond Topology
Authors: Deng Xiaoqi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwo coordination polymers, namely, {[Zn(bpea) (bmp)]·H2O}n (1) and {[Ni(bpea)(bimb)]·DMF}n (2) [H2bpea = biphenylethene‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate, bmp = 1,4‐bis(2‐methylimidazol‐3‐ium‐1‐yl)biphenyl and bimb = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl benzene], were synthesized under solvothermal conditions with mixed organic ligands. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that complex 1 features a three‐dimensional (3D) structure with a sixfold interpenetrating dia net. Complex 2 shows a 3D fivefold interpenetrating dia topology. Furthermore, the solid state luminescent properties of complexes 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of New ReO3‐Type‐Derived Transition Metal Oxide Fluorides
Authors: Nakhal Suliman , Bredow Thomas , Lerch Martin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMixed‐metal oxide fluorides MNb2O3F6 (M = Mg, Zn), MgM2OF8 (M = Ti, Zr), Fe2TiO8F, and TiNb2O5F4 were prepared by treatment of their corresponding oxides with a 1:1 mixture of hydrofluoric acid and HNO3. Crystal structures were investigated by means of X‐ray powder diffraction. The anion distribution of MgZr2OF8 was studied theoretically. MNb2O3F6‐type compounds can be structurally refined in the cubic ReO3 type, MgTi2OF8,and MgZr2OF8 in the cubic NaSbF6 type, Fe2TiOF8 in the rhombohedral VF3 type. All presented oxide fluorides are colorless powders and the metal ions are in the highest formal valence state.