bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Production Data From Hydraulically Fractured Wells: the Concept of Induced Permeability Field
Authors: Fuentes-Cruz Gorgonio , Gildin Eduardo , Valkó Peter P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This work introduces a new model for production decline analysis of hydraulically fractured wells based on the concept of induced permeability field. We consider the case when the hydraulic fracturing operation – in addition to establishing the fundamental linear flow geometry in the drainage volume – alters the permeability throughout, but with varying degree depending on the distance from the main fracture plane. We show that, under these circumstances, the reservoir response departs from the uniform-permeability approach significantly.
The new model differs from the once promising group of models that are inherently related to power-law type variation of the permeability-area product and hence are burdened by a mathematical singularity inside the fracture. Analysis of field cases reveals that the induced permeability field can be properly represented by a linear or exponential function characterized by the induced "threshold permeability" and the "stimulation ratio". The threshold permeability is the minimum value of the permeability within the stimulated reservoir volume and the stimulation ratio is the contrast between its maximum and minimum values. Knowledge of these parameters is crucial in evaluating the effectiveness of today’s intensively stimulated well completions, especially multi-fractured horizontal wells in shale- gas. The approach describes, in a straightforward manner, the production performance of such wells exhibiting skin factor effect, transient linear flow, and late time boundary effects.
This work provides a new approach to modeling hydraulic fractured reservoirs, together with its analytical solution in the Laplace space. Furthermore, we provide type curves for decline curve analysis, approximate solutions in the time domain, field examples, and practical guidelines for the analysis of commonly occurring production characteristics of highly stimulated reservoirs.
Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation Case Study and Post Frac Analysis in the Haynesville Shale
Authors: Farinas Mauricio , Fonseca Ernesto 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is the primary method for realizing reserves out the conventional oil and gas wells. Million of dollars are spent in year basis in the US and little is known on how effective these treatments are and what it is required for optimization, the big question is: is the selected treatment optiumum? Current practices are mainly focused on completion trials in which different approaches are exercised to get a trend of possible optimum treatments. This learning curve takes years and lot resources are left behind.
In the presented study, a fracturing job done a horizontal well from Haynesville shale was evaluated using a 3D planar fracture simulator to get an insight on how effective the fracture treatment was, explore possible ways for optimization and ultimately delve into the causes of low recovery experienced in this particular well. The fracturing job consisted of a cross link gel type job in a multi stage horizontal well.
The stress profile used in the simulator was estimated based on the vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) model which takes into account vertical/horizontal variations on static Young modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Fracture height prediction from the planar 3D simulator was compared to microseismic events and a good agreement was found. Furthermore horizontal fracture growth occurred predominantly away from the target formation leaving low proppant coverage near wellbore and poor connectivity which explains the low expected ultimate recovery obtained from this well compared its neighbors treated with Slickwater. Finally, scenarios for fracture designs were evaluated to minimize water usage and it was found in general that frac jobs are rather conservative in this aspect and a lot of room is available for water reduction.
Investigation of Improved Conductivity and Proppant Applications in the Bakken Formation
Authors: Kurz Bethany , Darren Schmidt P. E. , Cortese Philip 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Production from the Bakken and Three Forks Formations ("Bakken petroleum system") within the Williston Basin is continuing to climb as a result of applied horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Key to increased oil production is the evolution of reservoir stimulation techniques, such as fracturing fluid systems and proppant types. This study evaluated the key factors that may result in conductivity loss within the Bakken and Three Forks reservoirs. Various proppants and reservoir rock cores were exposed to common fracturing and formation fluids at reservoir conditions. The hardness of the rock cores and the strength of the proppants were evaluated prior to and following fluid exposure. The conductivity of various proppants, as well as formation embedment and spalling, was evaluated at reservoir temperatures and pressures using actual reservoir rock cores. The results of this work suggest that certain fluids may affect both rock and proppant strength and, therefore, garner consideration. The conductivity of propped fractures within the Bakken petroleum system appears to be a function of a variety of factors, including proppant and rock strength, as well as formation embedment and spalling. The results of the study highlight that advanced conductivity testing, coupled with quantification of formation embedment and spalling, can provide further understanding. Given the importance of fracturing fluids and proppant performance on conductivity and ultimately, oil recovery, a better understanding of the effects of these various factors on proppant and rock strength in the field is vital for more efficient production within unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
Simultaneous Determination of Selected Insecticides and Atrazine in Soil by Mae–GC–ECD
Authors: Barchańska Hanna , Czalicka Marianna , Giemza Anna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The procedure for simultaneous extraction from soil and determination by means of GC-ECD insecticides: aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and herbicide: atrazine was worked out. The proposed GC-ECD technique provides limits of detection in range 12 μg/mL - 18 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, for insecticides and atrazine, respectively. Two different types of extraction: microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) with different solvents were tested to choose the procedure that provides the highest recoveries of analytes and low detection limits, typical for trace analysis (100 ppm or 100 mg/g, IUPAC). On the basis of recoveries and precision both extraction methods were compared. The insecticides recovery from soil samples obtained by UAE were in range 40-85%, coefficient of variation (CV): 1.3-5.0%, whereas for atrazine recovery was below 15% (CV: 8-18%). The most efficient and precise extraction procedure turned out to be MAE with n-hexane: acetone. The recoveries were in range 70-85% for insecticides and 84% for atrazine, CV: 0.4-2.2% and 5.3% for insecticides and atrazine, respectively. The presented MAE-GC-ECD procedure enables extraction and determination of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and atrazine in soil samples with high recoveries, precision and limits of detections in range 6 ng/g - 8 ng/g in the case of insecticides and 1.5 ng/g for atrazine.
The MAE-GC-ECD procedure was applied for the above mentioned pesticides determination in environmental samples. Soils were collected in agricultural as well as rural areas in Poland. In all cases atrazine was determined in concentration range: 0.0187 mg/g - 0.1107 mg/g. Aldrin and dieldrin was detected in soil samples from two locations.
Removal of selected chlorinated micropollutants by ozonation
Authors: Derco Ján , Valičková Mária , Šilhárová Katarína , Dudáš Jozef , Luptáková Anna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFeasibility of ozone oxidation for the elimination of selected dissolved organic micropollutants from water and wastewaters was studied. Five organochlorine pesticides, i.e. hexachlorobutadiene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, and heptachlor, were used as organic contaminants of model water. The first four of them are classified as priority hazardous substances. The oxidation treatment process was performed in a jet loop reactor. Ozone was prepared from pure oxygen. Quantification of the organochlorine pesticides in water was achieved by the gas chromatographic method after liquid-liquid extraction. Significant contribution of stripping to the removal of the investigated compounds during the ozonation treatment was also proven by the results. Effective ozonation time with regard to treatment efficiencies was 30 min, which corresponds to the ozone input of 317 mg per liter of active volume of the ozonation reactor. Single power law kinetic models were used to describe experimental data and kinetic parameters were estimated. The best fit of the experimental degradation data of all studied pollutants was obtained by the second order kinetic model. It can be concluded, based on the results obtained, that the applied ozonation process is a promising procedure for the removal of the investigated pesticides from aquatic environment.
Simple Graphs as Simplicial Complexes: the Mycielskian of a Graph
Authors: Rudnicki Piotr , Stewart Lorna 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Harary [10, p. 7] claims that Veblen [20, p. 2] first suggested to formalize simple graphs using simplicial complexes. We have developed basic terminology for simple graphs as at most 1-dimensional complexes.
We formalize this new setting and then reprove Mycielski’s [12] construction resulting in a triangle-free graph with arbitrarily large chromatic number. A different formalization of similar material is in [15].
Banach’s Continuous Inverse Theorem and Closed Graph Theorem
Authors: Sakurai Hideki , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: February 2013

Summary
In this article we formalize one of the most important theorems of linear operator theory - the Closed Graph Theorem commonly used in a standard text book such as [10] in Chapter 24.3. It states that a surjective closed linear operator between Banach spaces is bounded.
Isomorphisms of Direct Products of Finite Cyclic Groups
Authors: Arai Kenichi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: February 2013

Summary
In this article, we formalize that every finite cyclic group is isomorphic to a direct product of finite cyclic groups which orders are relative prime. This theorem is closely related to the Chinese Remainder theorem ([18]) and is a useful lemma to prove the basis theorem for finite abelian groups and the fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups. Moreover, we formalize some facts about the product of a finite sequence of abelian groups.
Structure Of Pronephros And Development Of Mesonephric Kidney In Larvae Of Russian Sturgeon, Acipenser Gueldenstaedtii Brandt (Acipenseridae)
Authors: Krayushkina L.S. , Gerasimov A.A. , Kirsanov A.A. , Mosyagina M.V. , Ogorzałek A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The structure of the pronephros and development of mesonephric kidney in Russian sturgeon larvae, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt at different stages of early postembryonic development (from hatching to 14 days), were studied with histological and electronic microscopy methods. The larval pronephros is represented by the system of bilaterally located pronephric tubules with ciliated nephrostomes and funnels and exogenous single glomus, which is not integrated directly into pronephric tubules and located in the pronephric chamber. The glomus is positioned below the dorsal aorta and vascularized by its capillaries. The glomus has the same features of the thin structure that are typical of and necessary for the function of a filtering organ. The structure of the pronephros in acipenserids is discussed and compared with teleosts and amphibians. Histogenesis of the mesonephric kidney is observed during the period of pronephros functioning; it is complete by the time the larvae transfer to exogenous feeding. At this moment, the pronephros undergoes significant structural degradation.
Optimalization of Metals Ions Extraction from Industrial Wastewater Sludge with Chelating Agents / Optymalizacja Procesu Ekstrakcji Jonów Metali Z Przemysłowych Osadów Ściekowych Za Pomocą Roztworów Związków Chelatujących
Authors: Karwowska Beata 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The report presents the results of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) removal from industrial wastewater sludge collected from metallurgy industry. As washing solutions two chelating agents were used: EDTA and citric acid. The study was focused on 0.000 (deionized water), 0.010, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 M and 0.000, 0.050, 0.100, 0.500, 1.000 M, EDTA and citric acid solutions, respectively.
Efficiency of EDTA and citric acid solutions for metal removal was studied by extraction of sludge samples with chelators. Chemical extraction of selected metals was effective for both types of solution. Optimal concentration of EDTA was 0.100M for Zn, Ni and Cd, 0.075 M for Cu and Pb. Optimal concentration of citric acid was 0.500 M for all analyzed metals
Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations of Polygonum lapathifolium stem extract for anthelmintic and antiemetic activity
Authors: Bulbul Latifa , Sushanta Somen Mojumder , Uddin Md. Jahir , Tanni Shahnaj 
Published: February 2013

The present study is an attempt to preliminary phytochemical investigation, anthelmintic and anti-emetic activity studies on methanolic extract of Polygonum lapathifolium stems. The phytochemical screening shows the presence of phytosterols, diterpens, amino acid & protein, alkaloid and flavonoids, those are responsible for antiviral, antibacterial, antiallergic, antihypertensive, antiarrythmic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects in mammals. In Anthelmintic activity test (using Pheretima posthuma model) five concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml in distilled water) of extracts were used which involved the determination of time of paralysis (vermifuge) and time of death (vermicidal activity) of the worms, where the concentration of 60, 80 &100 mg/ml showed a significant anthelmintic activity. Observations were comparable with the standard drug at concentration of 10mg/ml of piperizine citrate. On the other hand, in anti-emetic test, emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulphate 50mg/kg body weight to four days age of young chicks using chick emesis model. The antiemetic activity was determined by calculating the mean decrease in number of retching in contrast with those of control disorders. The extracts (150 mg /kg orally) showed statistically significant antiemetic effect (90.45% Inhibition) compared with reference drug metoclopramide (50mg/kg intraperitoneally) which showed 82.48% Inhibition. From these observations, it was concluded that stems extracts have potential anthelmintic and anti-emetic properties. The plant may further be explored for its various pharmacological activities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13582 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 57-62
Anti ulcer activity of ethanol extract of the stem bark of Careya arborea Roxb.
Authors: Kumar Kamal , Mruthunjaya Kenganora , Kumar Satish , Mythreyi Rajendran 
Published: February 2013

The aim of the study was to determine anti ulcer activity of stem bark of Careya arbore Roxb. on the Wister strain albino rats. Dried stem bark of Careya arbore Roxb. was powdered and this coarse powder was extracted with 70% ethanol by soxhlet extraction method to yield a Ethanol extract of stem bark of Careya aborea Roxb. (EECA). The extract was subjected for preliminary phytochemical analysis and was evaluated for anti ulcer activity against various models such as Ethanol induced, cold restraint stress induced and Pylorus ligation induced models. In acute toxicity study, EECA was found to be safe till 3000mg/kg. So the doses of EECA at various concentration of 300 and 600mg/kg body weight was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention of ulcer from Pylorus ligation, Ethanol and cold restraint stress - induced ulcers. Analytical parameters like Percentage of Ulcer protection was calculated based on Ulcer index and Gastric juice volume, pH and acidity of gastric juice. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of EECA showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins. The EECA has shown significant activity at both 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg dose level in a dose dependent manner. Phytoconstituents like tannins and saponins may be responsible for anti ulcer activity of EECA.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13633 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 78-82
Preliminary cytotoxic activity of different extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi (fruits)
Authors: Ali Md. Ramjan , Hossain Marjan , Runa Jannatul Ferdous , Hasanuzzaman Md. 
Published: February 2013

The crude methanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) fruits and its different fractions have been investigated for the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic potential. The dried and powder fruits were extracted with methanol at room temperature and the concentrated methanolic extract was fractionated by the modified Kupchan partitioning method to provide pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay was used to investigate the cytotoxic potential of A. bilimbi. Compared to vincristine sulfate (with LC50 of 0.839 µg/ml) methanolic extract, carbon tetrachloride and pet-ether soluble fractions demonstrated a significant cytotoxic potential (having LC50 of 0.005µg/ml, 1.198µg/ml and 0.781µg/ml, respectively). The LC50 values of chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions were 5.691µg/ml and 6.123µg/ml, respectively. This study reveals that A. bilimbi possesses effective cytotoxic properties and hence can be a potential source for the isolation of active principle(s) for cancer therapy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i3.13634 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2013, 2(3): 83-84
Propositions pour une articulation cohérente de la pratique clinique, de la formation et de la recherche en psychologie
Authors: Maillard Jacqueline 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Les mutations sociétales actuelles interrogent les pratiques des psychologues tant du point de vue de l’exercice professionnel que de la recherche. Elles obligent aussi à prendre en compte les défaillances institutionnelles et organisationnelles de la profession, d’autant plus nécessaires à penser et à dépasser que la technique marchande domine les rapports humains, ouvrant de nouvelles questions. Les psychologues, quelles que soient leurs positions professionnelles, ont la capacité de rester praticiens chercheurs en organisant des dispositifs ad hoc, en lien avec la société civile. Ils répondront ainsi aux projets de ceux qui, venant d’une formation universitaire voisine, essentiellement philosophie et médecine, ont conçu la licence de psychologie en 1947. Ils affirmaient, alors, l’autonomie de la discipline du côté des sciences humaines. C’est cette vision qui a été retenue par le législateur en 1985, avec la loi sur l’usage du titre de psychologue. Aujourd’hui, une articulation plus cohérente entre pratique clinique, formation et recherche est vitale ; elle impulsera de nouveaux repères afin de répondre aux nombreuses demandes de ceux qui sollicitent la profession.
Psychologues et réseaux de santé
Authors: Durocher Liliane , Maillard Jacqueline , Pelletti Caroline , Lecourt Jean 
Published: February 2013

Résumé La participation des psychologues à l’histoire des réseaux s’est déployée avec leur développement ; leurs collaborations s’y inscrivent aux niveaux de la clinique individuelle, groupale, institutionnelle et organisationnelle. De nouvelles modalités d’organisation posent la question de la pérennité des réseaux. Parallèlement, les pratiques professionnelles, dont celles des psychologues, se trouvent réinterrogées. Le psychologue, qu’il exerce à titre de salarié, de libéral, de coordinateur, d’associé, compose avec ces dimensions institutionnelles, avec les questions interprofessionnelles et interdisciplinaires. Dans le champ de la santé publique, ces articulations et collaborations sont à travailler pour que le dispositif nécessaire à toute clinique psychologique, centré sur la singularité psychique, puisse s’y inscrire. Le travail en réseau représente un terreau pour un exercice de psychologue praticien-chercheur et constitue une plateforme possible de théorisation et de pensée collective.
Les ruptures de l'adolescence, analogie entre la scène du réel et la scène psychique : proposition d'un modèle de compréhension
Authors: Haza Marion 
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’adolescence est une période de ruptures, tant sur le plan réel que psychique (modifications pubertaires, accès à l’introspection, prise d’autonomie, construction identitaire, subjectivation...) Face à l’adolescent, le psychologue clinicien peut entendre les ruptures dans les discours. Ils se traduisent à la fois dans le fond, à travers les thématiques évoquées, mais aussi, de façon non consciente, dans la forme des propos. L’analogie entre ces deux scènes (réel et psychisme) permet une compréhension des « agirs » adolescents et de leurs motivations, conscientes ou inconscientes. Cette question de la rupture et des limites est omniprésente chez les adolescents, se retrouvant tant dans les entretiens cliniques que dans le matériel projectif (Rorschach).
La normalisation de l'information comptable dans le processus de gouvernance
Authors: Beau Carole , Pigé Benoît 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Les IFRS ont introduit une modification profonde et considérable des pratiques comptables pour les comptes consolidés des entreprises cotées. Mais l’incidence des IFRS ne se limite pas au seul domaine comptable. Les IFRS ont également un impact sur les processus de gouvernance. De prime abord, à travers 15 entretiens menés auprès de directeurs généraux, administrateurs, directeurs financiers ou directeurs comptables, il apparaît que le changement de référentiel comptable a donné lieu à une information conséquente des administrateurs, et notamment des membres du comité d’audit, mais qu’il n’y a pas eu de modification profonde du processus de reporting à destination des administrateurs. Deux remarques émergent pourtant : l’information comptable est sortie de sa sphère pour aller à la rencontre et impliquer les opérationnels ; et les IFRS, en lien avec les processus d’unification des systèmes d’information, tendent à fournir une information unique, formalisée, et contrôlée, à toutes les parties prenantes de l’entreprise, ce qui, à terme, pourrait conduire à un meilleur contrôle des dirigeants.
Le juge de l'impôt face aux normes comptables internationales
Authors: Rossignol Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’application des normes internationales n’est pas sans incidence sur les règles de droit applicables à l’entreprise. Quelle est l’attitude du juge de l’impôt face à ces normes bien différentes des règles du plan comptable général de 1982, auxquelles il s’était habitué au fil du temps ? Deux décisions du Conseil d’État démontrent une démarche prospective de sa part. Si le juge de l’impôt a, pendant longtemps, été un juge forcé du comptable, « algèbre du droit », il n’a pas hésité en fait à se référer au corps IAS/IFRS pour pallier les insuffisances ; il deviendra sans conteste le juge d’application des nouvelles dispositions, dans l’attente de l’éventuel établissement d’un cadre conceptuel fiscal.