bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect on Physical Fitness of a 10-Year Physical Activity Intervention in Primary Health Care Settings
Authors: Nakamura Priscila M. , Papini Camila B. , Teixeira Inaian P. , Chiyoda Alberto , Luciano Eliete , Cordeira Kelly Lynn , Kokubun Eduardo 
Published: February 2014

Background:Interventions in primary health care settings have been effective in increasing physical fitness. In 2001, the Programa de Exercício Físico em Unidades de Saúde (Physical Exercise in Health Primary Care Program—PEHPCP) was launched in Rio Claro City, Brazil. The intervention consisted of biweekly, 60-minute group sessions in all primary health care settings in the city. This study evaluated the effect of PEHPCP on physical fitness and on the aging process after a decade of ongoing implementation.Methods:There were 409 women (50 ± 26 y old) and 31 men (64 ± 10 y old) who were eligible for this study. Every 4 months, participants completed the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance standardized tests.Results:Program participation was associated with a reduced effect, compared with baseline, of the natural decline of physical fitness caused by aging, as represented by changes in the following measures: coordination test time, −0.44 seconds; agility and dynamic balance test time; −1.81 seconds; aerobic capacity test time, 3.57 seconds; and muscle strength exercises, +0.60 repetitions. No significant effect on flexibility was found.Conclusions:The PEHPCP showed potential in improving muscle strength, coordination, aerobic capacity, and agility and dynamic balance in participants and in maintaining flexibility in participants.
Validity of the SenseWear Armband to Assess Energy Expenditure in Graded Walking
Authors: Vernillo Gianluca , Savoldelli Aldo , Pellegrini Barbara , Schena Federico 
Published: February 2014

Background:Accurate assessments of physical activity and energy expenditure (EE) are needed to advance research on positive and negative graded walking.Purpose:To evaluate the validity of 2 SenseWear Armband monitors (Pro3 and the recently released Mini) during graded walking.Methods:Twenty healthy adults wore both monitors during randomized walking activities on a motorized treadmill at 7 grades (0%, ±5%, ±15%, and ±25%). Estimates of total EE from the monitors were computed using different algorithms and compared with values derived from indirect calorimetry methodology using a 2-way mixed model ANOVA (Device × Condition), correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots.Results:There was no significant difference in EE between the 2 armbands in any of the conditions examined. Significant main effects for device and condition, as well as a consistent bias, were observed during positive and negative graded walking with a greater over- and under-estimation at higher slope.Conclusions:Both the armbands produced similar EE values and seem to be not accurate in estimation of EE during activities involving uphill and downhill walking. Additional work is needed to understand factors contributing to this discrepancy and to improve the ability of these monitors to accurately measure EE during graded walking.
Effect of cardiovascular prevention strategies on incident coronary disease hospitalisation rates in Spain; an ecological time series analysis
Authors: Medrano María José , Alcalde-Cabero Enrique , Ortíz Cristina , Galán Iñaki 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the overall population impact of primary prevention strategies (promotion of healthy lifestyles, prevention of smoking and use of vascular risk drug therapy) of coronary disease in Spain.DesignEcological time series analysis, 1982–2009.SettingAll public and private hospitals in Spain.ParticipantsGeneral population.OutcomeIncident coronary disease hospitalisation as derived from official hospital discharge data.MethodsAnnual hospitalisation rates were modelled according to nationwide use of statins, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and antiplatelet drugs, and prevalences of smoking, obesity and overweight. Additive generalised models and mixed Poisson regression models were used for the purpose, taking year as the random-effect variable and adjusting for age, sex, prevalence of vascular risk factors and the number of hospital beds in intensive and coronary care units.ResultsAcross 28 years and 671.5 million person-years of observation, there were 2 986 834 hospitalisations due to coronary disease; of these, 1 441 980 (48.28%) were classified as incident. Hospitalisation rates increased from 1982 to 1996, with an inflection point in 1997 and a subsequent 52% decrease until 2009. Prevalences of smoking, obesity, overweight and use of vascular risk drug therapy were significantly associated with hospitalisation rates (p<0.001): incidence rates ratios (95% CI) for the fourth versus the first quartile were 1.46 (1.42 to 1.50), 1.80 (1.78 to 1.83), 1.58 (1.55 to 1.60) and 0.57 (0.51 to 0.63), respectively. These variables accounted for 92% of interannual variability.ConclusionsAfter decades of continuous rises, hospitalisation due to incident ischaemic heart disease has been cut by half, an achievement associated with the decline in smoking and the increase in vascular risk drug therapy. These results indicate that these two primary prevention strategies have been effective at a population level, thanks to an appropriate balance between financial and health goals, something that should be left intact despite the current economic crisis. Future strategies ought to lay special stress on excessive body weight prevention.
Second-hand smoke exposure in different types of venues: before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Ye Xiaohua , Yao Zhenjiang , Gao Yanhui , Xu Ya , Xu Ying , Zhu Zhengwei , Chen Sidong , Yang Yi 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesSmoke-free legislation was implemented in Guangzhou on 1 September 2010. However, the smoke-free policy did not cover all indoor areas and smoking rooms can be set in some public places. This study aimed to assess changes in self-reported second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in different types of venues and in homes, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of smoke-free legislation.Methods/designA repeated cross-sectional survey of representative participants was conducted in Guangzhou before and after the smoke-free legislation. Logistic regression models were used to examine the effectiveness of smoke-free legislation.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported exposure to SHS,antitobacco advertisements and tobacco advertisements.ParticipantsA total of 4900 participants before the ban and 5135 participants after the ban were selected using a multistage stratified design.ResultsIn full smoking ban places, overall self-reported SHS exposure has declined significantly from 58.8% to 50.3% (p<0.05) with greater drops in cultural venues, government offices and commercial venues. The smoke-free policy did not alter SHS exposure in smokers’ homes (39.6% in 2009 vs 40.0% in 2011; p=0.454). Although a slight decrease in SHS exposure was observed in smoking rooms in hotels, workplaces, restaurants, cafes/bars/nightclubs and amusement parks, SHS continued to be high in those areas. The implementation of smoke-free legislation was accompanied by an increase in antitobacco advertisements.ConclusionsSHS exposure declines more significantly in full smoking ban places than in partial smoking ban places. The smoke-free policy in public places does not lead to more SHS exposure in homes. Therefore, it is recommended that Guangzhou should implement a 100% smoke-free policy in all public places and workplaces in the future.
Age-related trajectories of physical functioning in work and retirement: the role of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and disease
Authors: Stenholm Sari , Westerlund Hugo , Salo Paula , Hyde Martin , Pentti Jaana , Head Jenny , Kivimäki Mika , Vahtera Jussi 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundLoss of physical functioning is an early marker of declining health in older people. The objective of this study was to examine the age-related trajectories of physical functioning among those in full-time work and retirement.MethodsBased on the Health and Retirement Study, participants who were working full-time or were in full-time retirement and 65–85 years of age during the follow-up period from 1992 to 2010 were included (n=17 844, n of observations from repeated measures in full-time work 5891 and in retirement 57 117). Details of physical functioning were asked about at all study phases and 10 items related to mobility and activities of daily living were summed to obtain a physical functioning score (0–10).ResultsThe number of physical functioning difficulties increased every 10 years by 0.17 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.29) when in full-time work and by 0.46 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.50) in retirement after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, total wealth, Body Mass Index, smoking, physical activity and number of diseases. Factors that were associated with a significantly greater increase in number of physical functioning difficulties in full-time work and retirement include lifestyle-related risks and chronic conditions.ConclusionsPhysical functioning declines faster in retirement than in full-time work in employees aged 65 years or older and the difference is not explained by absence of chronic diseases and lifestyle-related risks.
Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure: a population-based study of aetiology and outcome in Northern Ireland
Authors: Carr A S , Hoeritzauer A I , Kee R , Kinney M , Campbell J , Hutchinson A , McDonnell G V 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure (NMRF) is a life-threatening feature of a variety of neurological conditions that can present in extremis prior to the establishment of a definitive diagnosis, so early clinical decision making is difficult. Population-based data on the frequency, outcome and aetiological spectrum are lacking.

Objective
To establish accurate epidemiological descriptive statistics in this patient group.

Methods
The regional Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (ICNARC) database was searched for patients admitted with acute NMRF from 1/1/2000 to 31/12/2010. Demographics, diagnosis, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, follow-up and outcome (modified Rankin score (mRS)) were recorded. A comparison dataset of all non-NMRF neurology patients admitted to ICU was obtained.

Results
55 patients were identified; age 17–88 (median 66 years), M:F ratio 1:1.5, incidence rate (IR) 2.81 (2.12 to 3.66) cases per million person-years and mortality rate (MR) 0.26 (0.08 to 0.60) deaths per million person-years. Causes included inflammatory neuropathy (65%), myasthenia gravis (18%), rhabdomyolysis (2%) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (9%), and 5% were undiagnosed. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 7 years (median 500.5 days); long-term mRS 1 (range 0–6). NMRF patients were older (p&lt;0.0001), had longer ICU stay (p&lt;0.0001), but significantly better outcome (p&lt;0.0001) than 93 non-NMRF neurology patients requiring ICU admission.

Conclusion
Inflammatory and degenerative neuromuscular conditions can present in acute NMRF. Long-term outcome is good and MR is low, and significantly better than in other neurology patients requiring ICU admission despite longer ICU stay.
Architecture-centric support for adaptive service collaborations
Authors: Haesevoets Robrecht , Weyns Danny , Holvoet Tom 
Published: February 2014

In today's volatile business environments, collaboration between information systems, both within and across company borders, has become essential to success. An efficient supply chain, for example, requires the collaboration of distributed and heterogeneous systems of multiple companies. Developing such collaborative applications and building the supporting information systems poses several engineering challenges. A key challenge is to manage the ever-growing design complexity. In this article, we argue that software architecture should play a more prominent role in the development of collaborative applications. This can help to better manage design complexity by modularizing collaborations and separating concerns. State-of-the-art solutions, however, often lack proper abstractions for modeling collaborations at architectural level or do not reify these abstractions at detailed design and implementation level. Developers, on the other hand, rely on middleware, business process management, and Web services, techniques that mainly focus on low-level infrastructure.
To address the problem of managing the design complexity of collaborative applications, we present Macodo. Macodo consists of three complementary parts: (1) a set of abstractions for modeling adaptive collaborations, (2) a set of architectural views, the main contribution of this article, that reify these abstractions at architectural level, and (3) a proof-of-concept middleware infrastructure that supports the architectural abstractions at design and implementation level. We evaluate the architectural views in a controlled experiment. Results show that the use of Macodo can reduce fault density and design complexity, and improve reuse and productivity. The main contributions of this article are illustrated in a supply chain management case.
NUP98–PHF23 Is a Chromatin-Modifying Oncoprotein That Causes a Wide Array of Leukemias Sensitive to Inhibition of PHD Histone Reader Function
Authors: Gough Sheryl M. , Lee Fan , Yang Fan , Walker Robert L. , Zhu Yeulin J. , Pineda Marbin , Onozawa Masahiro , Chung Yang Jo , Bilke Sven , Wagner Elise K. , Denu John M. , Ning Yi , Xu Bowen , Wang Gang Greg , Meltzer Paul S. , Aplan Peter D. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this report, we show that expression of a NUP98–PHF23 (NP23) fusion, associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in humans, leads to myeloid, erythroid, T-cell, and B-cell leukemia in mice. The leukemic and preleukemic tissues display a stem cell–like expression signature, including Hoxa, Hoxb, and Meis1 genes. The PHF23 plant homeodomain (PHD) motif is known to bind to H3K4me3 residues, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the NP23 protein binds to chromatin at a specific subset of H3K4me3 sites, including at Hoxa, Hoxb, and Meis1. Treatment of NP23 cells with disulfiram, which inhibits the binding of PHD motifs to H3K4me3, rapidly and selectively killed NP23-expressing myeloblasts; cell death was preceded by decreased expression of Hoxa, Hoxb, and Meis1. Furthermore, AML driven by a related fusion gene, NUP98–JARID1A (NJL), was also sensitive to disulfiram. Thus, the NP23 mouse provides a platform to evaluate compounds that disrupt binding of oncogenic PHD proteins to H3K4me3.
Significance: NP23 and NJL belong to a subset of chromatin-modifying fusion oncoproteins that cause leukemia characterized by overexpression of Hoxa and Meis1 genes. Inhibition of NP23 binding to H3K4me3 at Hoxa and Meis1 loci by disulfiram, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved drug, leads to leukemic cell death, demonstrating the feasibility of targeting this subset of oncoproteins. Cancer Discov; 4(5); 564–77. ©2014 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 495
Reduced NF1 Expression Confers Resistance to EGFR Inhibition in Lung Cancer
Authors: de Bruin Elza C. , Cowell Catherine , Warne Patricia H. , Jiang Ming , Saunders Rebecca E. , Melnick Mary Ann , Gettinger Scott , Walther Zenta , Wurtz Anna , Heynen Guus J. , Heideman Daniëlle A.M. , Gómez-Román Javier , García-Castaño Almudena , Gong Yixuan , Ladanyi Marc , Varmus Harold , Bernards René , Smit Egbert F. , Politi Katerina , Downward Julian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Activating mutations in the EGF receptor (EGFR) are associated with clinical responsiveness to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as erlotinib and gefitinib. However, resistance eventually arises, often due to a second EGFR mutation, most commonly T790M. Through a genome-wide siRNA screen in a human lung cancer cell line and analyses of murine mutant EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinomas, we found that erlotinib resistance was associated with reduced expression of neurofibromin, the RAS GTPase-activating protein encoded by the NF1 gene. Erlotinib failed to fully inhibit RAS–ERK signaling when neurofibromin levels were reduced. Treatment of neurofibromin-deficient lung cancers with a MAP–ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor restored sensitivity to erlotinib. Low levels of NF1 expression were associated with primary and acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to EGFR TKIs in patients. These findings identify a subgroup of patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who might benefit from combination therapy with EGFR and MEK inhibitors.
Significance: The emergence of resistance to EGFR TKIs is a major clinical challenge in the treatment of lung adenocarcinomas driven by mutations in EGFR. This study suggests that, in a subset of patients, resistance is caused by reduced neurofibromin expression, and that in these cases there may be clinical benefit to combining EGFR TKIs with MEK inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 4(5); 606–19. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Maertens and Cichowski, p. 519
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 495
The Latin Translations of Josephus on Jesus, John the Baptist, and James: Critical Texts of the Latin Translation of the Antiquities and Rufinus’ Translation of Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History Based on Manuscripts and Early Printed Editions
Authors: Levenson David B. , Martin Thomas R. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article presents the first critical texts of the passages on Jesus, John the Baptist, and James in the Latin translation of Josephus’ Antiquitates Iudaicae and the sections of the Latin Table of Contents for AJ 18 where the references to Jesus and John the Baptist appear. A commentary on these Latin texts is also provided. Since no critical edition of the Latin text of Antiquities 6-20 exists, these are also the first critical texts of any passages from these books. The critical apparatus includes a complete list of variant readings from thirty-seven manuscripts (9th-15th c.e.) and all the printed editions from the 1470 editio princeps to the 1524 Basel edition. Because the passages in the Latin AJ on Jesus and John the Baptist were based on Rufinus’ translation of Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica, a new text of these passages in Rufinus is provided that reports more variant readings than are included in Mommsen’s GCS edition. A Greek text for these passages with revised apparatus correcting and expanding the apparatuses in Niese’s editio maior of Josephus and Schwartz’s GCS edition of Eusebius is also provided. In addition to presenting a text and commentary for the passages in the Latin Antiquities and Rufinus’ translation of Eusebius, there is catalogue of collated manuscripts and all the early printed editions through 1524, providing a new scholarly resource for further work on the Latin text of the Antiquities.
Homeless and unclaimed persons' deaths in north India (Jan 2008–Nov 2012): A retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Sachil , Verma Anoop K , Ali Wahid , Singh Uma Shankar 
Published: February 2014

Objectives Homeless and unclaimed dead bodies are a social as well as legal stigma on a country's development index. In addition, homeless people are exposed to increased incidence of diseases, accidents and mortality. Lucknow city, a city situated in the heart of the great Gangetic plain in the northern region of India, is surrounded by rural towns and villages and has seen tremendous growth in the past few years; with this the problem of migrants and homelessness has also increased. This has resulted in a spectrum of problems relating to law and order, including frequent incidences of unclaimed dead bodies, both due to natural and unnatural causes. Few studies on this subject have been published in India. Study design Observational retrospective study. Methods Data was collected from the files of the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology between 2008 and 2012. Results A total of 20877 autopsy cases were registered, out of which 3169 (15.17%) were unclaimed bodies. The majority of cases belonged to males (2218, 69.99%) as compared to females (951, 30.01%). Most unclaimed bodies were in the age group of 41–60 years (47.24%) and the least affected age group was 1–20 years (265, 8.36%). The most common manner of death was accident (1098, 34.64%), followed by suicide (1062, 33.51%), natural (927, 29.25%) and homicides (82, 2.59%). The most common cause of natural death in both males and females was chronic lung disease. Railway and road traffic accidents accounted for 516 (68.25%) accidental deaths in males, whereas in females they accounted for 301(88.01%). The most common mode of suicide among males was by poisoning (391, 48.81%), while poisoning (149, 57.08), hanging (78, 29.88%) and drowning (23, 8.81%) were the main modes of suicide in females reported in our study. Majority of the cases of deaths were reported during rainy season (2209, 69.70%). Conclusions This autopsy-based study tries to highlight the picture of homeless deaths in Lucknow and the problems faced by the law enforcing authorities. More research is needed to identify the health-related problems of such people and possible contributory factors to mortality.
Heart sound segmentation based on homomorphic filtering
Authors: Hassani K , Bajelani K , Navidbakhsh M , Doyle DJ , Taherian F 
Published: February 2014

Background: Phonocardiography, the digital recording of heart sounds, is becoming increasingly popular as a primary detection system for diagnosing heart disorders and is relatively inexpensive. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is often used when recording the phonocardiogram in order to help identify the systolic and diastolic components. In this study, a heart sound segmentation algorithm has been developed which automatically separates the heart sound signal into these component parts. Methods: 100 patients with normal and abnormal heart sounds were studied. The algorithm uses homomorphic filtering to produce time-domain intensity envelopes of the heart sounds and separates the sounds into four overlapping parts: the first heart sound, the systolic period, the second heart sound and the diastolic period. Results: The performance of the algorithm was evaluated using 14,000 cardiac periods from 100 digital phonocardiographic recordings, including normal and abnormal heart sounds. In tests, the algorithm was over 93 percent correct in detecting the first and second heart sounds. Conclusion: The automatic segmentation algorithm presented uses wavelet decomposition and reconstruction to select a suitable frequency band for envelope calculations and has been found to be effective in segmenting phonocardiogram signals into four component parts without using an ECG reference.