bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate and transport of chlorine dioxide: Modeling chlorine dioxide in water distribution systems
Authors: Karadirek I. Ethem , Rizvanoglu Asli Nur , Okumus Batuhan , Cansu‐Aldemir Ozlem , Akdeniz Tugba 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of switching disinfectants from sodium hypochlorite bleach to chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in the water distribution system of Geyikbayiri, Antalya. For this purpose, bulk decay rates of ClO2 at various water temperatures were determined in laboratory studies. The study revealed ClO2 bulk decay rates of 0.12639 day−1, 0.17848 day−1, and 0.19621 day−1 at temperatures 15°C, 20°C, and 30°C, respectively. The EPANET, a widely employed computer program for simulating the extended‐period behavior of hydraulic and water quality in pressurized pipes, was utilized for the analysis of the fate and transport of ClO2. A hydraulic model was first developed, calibrated, and verified using distinct data sets. The Hazen‐Williams friction coefficient of the PSA was determined to be 120 by the trial‐and‐error method with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.408 m. A ClO2 model was then integrated with the calibrated and verified hydraulic model, revealing a wall decay rate of 0.01 m/day and an average MAE of 0.034 mg/l. After calibration and verification of the ClO2 model, several management scenarios were developed, and ClO2 dosing rates were determined. The study showed that ClO2 dosing rates of 0.40 mg/l and 0.45 mg/l should be applied to keep ClO2 concentrations within certain limits.Practitioner Points
Disinfectants must maintain a sufficient residual in water distribution systems.
Chlorine dioxide requires less contact time and is not affected by pH fluctuations.
Modeling serves as a decision‐making tool for the management of disinfectants.
Bulk and wall decay rates of chlorine dioxide are crucial for management strategies.
Chlorine dioxide is a good alternative as a disinfectant in such systems.
An in‐depth comparative analysis of entropy generation and heat transfer in micropolar‐Williamson, micropolar‐Maxwell, and micropolar‐Casson binary nanofluids within PTSCs
Authors: AbuGhanem Muhammad , Raafat Philopatir B. , Ibrahim Fayez N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolar energy holds promise as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of power. In this study, we focus on improving the thermal efficiency of parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) by investigating the performance of three different binary micropolar nanofluids – micropolar‐Casson, micropolar‐Maxwell, and micropolar‐Williamson – when used as heat transfer fluids within these collectors, with engine oil as the base fluid. The problem studied revolves around enhancing the heat transfer characteristics within PTSCs, crucial for maximizing energy conversion efficiency in solar power generation. By exploring the behavior of these nanofluids under various flow conditions, we aim to optimize the design and operation of PTSC systems for improved performance and sustainability. The importance of this research lies in its potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of solar energy harvesting, thereby contributing to the transition toward cleaner energy sources and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, the findings have implications for diverse applications, including solar aviation, solar‐powered maritime vessels, solar thermal power plants, industrial process heating, and solar‐driven water pumping mechanisms, where improved heat transfer efficiency is paramount for enhancing overall system performance and reducing operational costs. Furthermore, the investigation delves into the influence of various factors governing the flow of these binary micropolar nanofluids within PTSC setups, including aspects such as velocity, thermal characteristics, entropy generation, skin friction, drag force, and local Nusselt number. The results notably reveal substantial enhancements in thermal efficiency, with maximal relative enhancements quantified as 22.1768%, 19.3662%, and 17.7349% for micropolar‐Casson, micropolar‐Maxwell, and micropolar‐Williamson nanofluids, respectively.
A comparative study of exact and neural network models for wave‐induced multiphase flow in nonuniform geometries: Application of Levenberg–Marquardt neural networks
Authors: Hussain Syed Modassir , Ijaz Nouman , Dhahbi Sami , Saleem Najma , Zeeshan Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMultiphase fluids exhibit immiscible, heterogeneous structures like emulsions, foams, and suspensions. Their complex rheology arises from relative phase proportions, interfacial interactions, and component properties. Consequently, they demonstrate nonlinear effects—shear‐thinning, viscoelasticity, and yield stress. Peristalsis generates fluid flow by propagating contraction waves along channel walls. This mechanism can effectively transport multiphase and non‐Newtonian fluids in microsystems. Accurate modeling requires considering evolving phase relations, variable viscosity, slip, and particle migration anomalies, using approaches like homogenization theory or volume‐averaging. Applications include peristaltic pumping of emulsified biopharmaceuticals, microscale mixing/separating of multiphase constituents, and enhancing porous media fluid flow in oil reservoirs. Analytical and computational approaches to modeling multiphase fluid flows in peristaltic conduits provide an enhanced understanding of their complex dynamics, toward innovating engineering systems. An analytical approach is taken to model non‐Newtonian Ree‐Eyring fluid flows in asymmetric, peristaltic systems. Governing differential equations incorporate key parameters and yield closed‐form solutions for velocity, flow rate, and permeability. Suitable assumptions of long wavelength, and low Reynolds number provide accuracy. In parallel, an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed using supervised learning to predict permeability. The inputs consist of channel asymmetry, Reynolds number, amplitude ratio, and other physical factors. Outcomes validate both methodologies—analytical equations derive precise relationships from first principles, while ANNs reliably learn the system patterns from input‐output data. Additionally, ANNs can tackle more complex fluid dynamics problems with speed and adaptability. Their promising role is highlighted in developing new fluid models, improving the efficiency of simulations, and designing control systems. Side‐by‐side analytical and ANN simulation plots will further highlight ANN capabilities in emulating the system characteristics. This paves the path for employing machine learning to investigate multifaceted flows in flexible, peristaltic systems at scale. Performing a graphical examination of the engineering skin friction coefficient across a range of parameters, encompassing volume fraction, first and second order slip, Ree–Eyring fluid attributes, and permeability.
Focus Inside: Evidence from Spanish and Chinese
Authors: Méndez Vallejo Dunia Catalina , Hsu Yu-Yin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a fresh empirical examination of the interpretations and structures of the focalizing ser (FS) construction in Spanish and the emphatic shi structure in Mandarin Chinese. Its findings support Belletti’s (2004) claim that the TP-internal domain contains a focus projection, similar to what has been argued regarding sentences’ left periphery (CP). We report that these two typologically unrelated languages both allow TP-internal focus projections, before going on to explore the language-specific similarities and differences among various sentences containing ser and shi. Finally, we propose that both ser and shi acquire discourse functions to express focus information in a specific, systematic way.
Generalized dualities for heterotic and type I strings
Authors: Hassler Falk , Sakatani Yuho , Scala Luca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We define generalized dualities for heterotic and type I strings based on consistent truncations to half-maximal gauged supergravities in more than three dimensions. The latter are constructed from a generalized Scherk-Schwarz ansatz in heterotic double field theory that satisfies the strong constraint. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the resulting embedding tensor are discussed, showing that only certain gaugings, called geometric, can arise from this procedure. For all of them, we explicitly construct the internal geometry and gauge potentials. In general, this construction is not unique and permits different uplifts which are used to define generalized T-duality. Two examples are worked out underlying the utility of our approach to explore new dualities and uplifts of half-maximal gauged supergravities.
Conditions for Semi-Boundedness and Discreteness of the Spectrum to Schrödinger Operator and Some Nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Zelenko Leonid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor the Schrödinger operator $$H=-\Delta + V({{\textbf{x}}})\cdot $$

H
=
-
Δ
+
V
(
x
)
·

, acting in the space $$L_2({{\textbf{R}}}^d)\,(d\ge 3)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

(
d
≥
3
)

, necessary and sufficient conditions for semi-boundedness and discreteness of its spectrum are obtained without the assumption that the potential $$V({{\textbf{x}}})$$

V
(
x
)

is bounded below. By reducing the problem to study the existence of regular solutions of the Riccati PDE, the necessary conditions for the discreteness of the spectrum of operator H are obtained under the assumption that it is bounded below. These results are similar to the ones obtained by the author in [26] for the one-dimensional case. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for the semi-boundedness and discreteness of the spectrum of H are obtained in terms of a non-increasing rearrangement, mathematical expectation, and standard deviation from the latter for the positive part $$V_+({{\textbf{x}}})$$

V
+

(
x
)

of the potential $$V({{\textbf{x}}})$$

V
(
x
)

on compact domains that go to infinity, under certain restrictions for its negative part $$V_-({{\textbf{x}}})$$

V
-

(
x
)

. Choosing optimally the vector field associated with the difference between the potential $$V({{\textbf{x}}})$$

V
(
x
)

and its mathematical expectation on the balls that go to infinity, we obtain a condition for semi-boundedness and discreteness of the spectrum for H in terms of solutions of the Neumann problem for the nonhomogeneous $$d/(d-1)$$

d
/
(
d
-
1
)

-Laplace equation. This type of optimization refers to a divergence constrained transportation problem.
Internetbasierte Selbsthilfe bei Einsamkeit – Eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Imwinkelried Milena , Seewer Noëmi , Berger Thomas , Krieger Tobias 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den letzten Jahren hat das Phänomen der Einsamkeit zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Einsamkeit ist weitverbreitet und kann bei längerem Anhalten negative Folgen für die psychische und physische Gesundheit haben. Internetbasierte Interventionen (IBI) zur Selbsthilfe haben sich für eine Vielzahl von psychologischen Störungen als hilfreich erwiesen. Aufgrund verschiedener spezifischer Aspekte stellen IBI auch für Einsamkeit eine vielversprechende Interventionsform dar. Ziel dieser systematischen Übersicht ist es, den aktuellen Stand der Forschung von Selbsthilfe-IBI zur Reduktion von Einsamkeit darzustellen.

Methoden
Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde in den Datenbanken Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, MedLine, PsycIndex, Cochrane Library und PsyArXiv im Zeitraum von Dezember 2023 bis Anfang Januar 2024 durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden deutsch- oder englischsprachige Originalarbeiten, die Selbsthilfe-IBI zur Reduktion von Einsamkeit untersuchten.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 8 Studien, die zwischen 2017 und 2024 publiziert wurden, in die qualitative Analyse eingeschlossen werden. Alle Studien wurden in einkommensstarken Ländern mit überwiegend gut gebildeten weiblichen Teilnehmenden durchgeführt und waren hinsichtlich ihrer internen Validität mehrheitlich zufriedenstellend.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit legen nahe, dass Selbsthilfe-IBI eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit zur Verringerung von Einsamkeit sein können. Die Arbeit weist jedoch auch auf weiteren Forschungsbedarf hin. Zukünftige Arbeiten sollten größere Stichproben und Menschen unterschiedlicher Altersgruppen, Geschlechter und Bildungsniveaus berücksichtigen, um die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit verallgemeinern zu können.
Phase-field modeling of fracture in viscoelastic–viscoplastic thermoset nanocomposites under cyclic and monolithic loading
Authors: Arash Behrouz , Zakavati Shadab , Bahtiri Betim , Jux Maximilian , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, a finite deformation phase-field formulation is developed to investigate the effect of hygrothermal conditions on the viscoelastic–viscoplastic fracture behavior of epoxy nanocomposites under cyclic and monolithic loading. The formulation incorporates a definition of the Helmholtz free energy, which considers the effect of nanoparticles, moisture content, and temperature. The free energy is additively decomposed into a deviatoric equilibrium, a deviatoric non-equilibrium, and a volumetric contribution. The proposed derivation offers a realistic modeling of damage and viscoplasticity mechanisms in the nanocomposites by coupling the phase-field damage model and a viscoelastic–viscoplastic model. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the cyclic force–displacement response of both dry and saturated boehmite nanoparticle (BNP)/epoxy samples, considering BNP contents and temperature. Comparing numerical results with experimental data shows good agreement at various BNP contents. In addition, the predictive capability of the phase-field model is evaluated through simulations of notched nanocomposite plates subjected to monolithic tensile and shear loading.
Pilot screening of potential matrikines resulting from collagen breakages through ionizing radiation
Authors: Montanari Juliette , Schwob Lucas , Marie-Brasset Aurélie , Vinatier Claire , Lepleux Charlotte , Antoine Rodolphe , Guicheux Jérôme , Poully Jean-Christophe , Chevalier François 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLittle is known regarding radiation-induced matrikines and the possible degradation of extracellular matrix following therapeutic irradiation. The goal of this study was to determine if irradiation can cut collagen proteins at specific sites, inducing potentially biologically active peptides against cartilage cells. Chondrocytes cultured as 3D models were evaluated for extracellular matrix production. Bystander molecules were analyzed in vitro in the conditioned medium of X-irradiated chondrocytes. Preferential breakage sites were analyzed in collagen polypeptide by mass spectrometry and resulting peptides were tested against chondrocytes. 3D models of chondrocytes displayed a light extracellular matrix able to maintain the structure. Irradiated and bystander chondrocytes showed a surprising radiation sensitivity at low doses, characteristic of the presence of bystander factors, particularly following 0.1 Gy. The glycine-proline peptidic bond was observed as a preferential cleavage site and a possible weakness of the collagen polypeptide after irradiation. From the 46 collagen peptides analyzed against chondrocytes culture, 20 peptides induced a reduction of viability and 5 peptides induced an increase of viability at the highest concentration between 0.1 and 1 µg/ml. We conclude that irradiation promoted a site-specific degradation of collagen. The potentially resulting peptides induce negative or positive regulations of chondrocyte growth. Taken together, these results suggest that ionizing radiation causes a degradation of cartilage proteins, leading to a functional unbalance of cartilage homeostasis after exposure, contributing to cartilage dysfunction.
Prognostic value of 24-hour cultivation of peritoneal fluid to distinguish complicated from uncomplicated acute appendicitis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mark-Christensen Anders , Bro Sørensen Ditte , Qvist Niels , Justesen Ulrik Stenz , Möller Sören , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The distinction between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis (AA) is important as it guides postoperative antibiotic treatment. A diagnosis based on intraoperative findings is imprecise and standard cultivation of peritoneal fluid is generally time-consuming with little clinical benefit. The aim of this study was to examine if cultivation of peritoneal fluid in acute appendicitis could reliably detect bacteria within 24 h.

Methods
Patients older than 18 years undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy were prospectively enrolled at two surgical departments after informed consent was obtained. Periappendicular fluid was collected prior to appendectomy and sent for cultivation. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using 72-hour cultivation results as the gold standard. Patients with complicated AA as determined by the surgeon, received a three-day course of oral antibiotics. Postoperative infectious complications within 30 days after surgery were registered.

Results
From July 2020 to January 2021, 101 patients were included. The intraoperative diagnosis was complicated AA in 34 cases. Of these patients, six (17.6%) had bacteria cultured within 24 h after surgery, leading to a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 100%. The positive and negative predictive values were 1.00 and 0.96, respectively. Seven patients developed a postoperative infection (five superficial wound infections and two intra-abdominal abscess). In all cases with a positive cultivation result, the intraoperative diagnosis was complicated appendicitis and a postoperative course of antibiotics prescribed.

Conclusion
Twenty-four-hour cultivation of the peritoneal fluid in acute appendicitis is a valid indicator for peritoneal bacterial contamination. Randomized studies are necessary to determine if this approach is suitable for targeting postoperative antibiotic treatment as a means to prevent overtreatment without increasing the risk of infectious complications.
Clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcomes for Enterococcus faecalis versus Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infections: a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Scharloo Fenna , Cogliati Dezza Francesco , López-Hernández Inmaculada , Martínez Pérez-Crespo Pedro María , Goikoetxea Aguirre Ane Josune , Pérez-Rodríguez María Teresa , Fernandez-Suarez Jonathan , León Jiménez Eva , Morán Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Fernández-Natal Isabel , Reguera Iglesias José María , Natera Kindelán Clara , Fariñas Álvares Maria Carmen , Boix-Palop Lucía , Lopez-Cortes Luis Eduardo , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús ,   PROBAC/GEIRAS-SEIMC/SAMICEI group, Jover-Sáenz Alfredo , Sánchez-Calvo Juan Manuel , Gea-Lázaro Isabel , Bahamonde Carrasco Alberto , Vinuesa García David , del Arco Jiménez Alfonso , Smithson Amat Alejandro , Sánchez Porto Antonio , Pérez Camacho Inés , Cuquet Pedragosa Jordi , Merino de Lucas Esperanza , Becerril Carral Berta , Martín Aspas Andrés , Reche Isabel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purposes
Enterococcal BSI is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with fatality rates of approximately 20–30%. There are microbiological and clinical differences between E. faecalis and E. faecium infections. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in predisposing factors for E. faecalis and E. faecium BSI and to explore prognostic factors.

Methods
This study was a post-hoc analysis of PROBAC, a Spanish prospective, multicenter, cohort in 2016–2017. Patients with E. faecalis or E. faecium BSI were eligible. Independent predictors for BSI development in polymicrobial and monomicrobial BSI and in-hospital mortality in the monomicrobial group were identified by logistic regression.

Results
A total of 431 patients were included. Independent factors associated with E. faecium BSI were previous use of penicillins (aOR 1.99 (95% CI 1.20–3.32)) or carbapenems (2.35 (1.12–4.93)), hospital-acquired BSI (2.58 (1.61–4.12)), and biliary tract source (3.36 (1.84–6.13)), while congestive heart failure (0.51 (0.27–0.97)), cerebrovascular disease (0.45 (0.21–0.98)), and urinary tract source (0.49 (0.26–0.92)) were associated with E. faecalis BSI. Independent prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality in E. faecalis BSI were Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.27 (1.08–1.51)), SOFA score (1.47 (1.24–1.73)), age (1.06 (1.02–1.10)), and urinary/biliary source (0.29 (0.09–0.90)). For E. faecium BSI, only SOFA score (1.34 (1.14–1.58) was associated with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
The factors associated with E. faecium and E. faecalis BSI are different. These variables may be helpful in the suspicion of one or other species for empiric therapeutic decisions and provide valuable information on prognosis.
The evolution of sustainable renovation of existing buildings: from integrated seismic and environmental retrofitting strategies to a life cycle thinking approach
Authors: Passoni Chiara , Caruso Martina , Felicioni Licia , Negro Paolo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe sustainable renovation of existing buildings is currently at the top of the agenda of the European Union. Sustainability is typically defined as the result of the interaction of environmental, economic, and social aspects, and it is now considered a major target objective in all sectors of our economy, including the construction one. The concept of sustainable renovation has changed significantly over time, leading to the current interpretation that considers the need to simultaneously improve safety and resilience against natural hazards and minimise energy and resource consumption, as well as to reduce impacts along the life cycle of the building. This manuscript presents insights into combined/integrated environmental and seismic retrofitting techniques and assessment methods for the sustainable renovation of the existing building stock, specifically focussing on those conceived according to a Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) approach. This manuscript goes beyond the current available state of the art by highlighting the evolution of the concept of building sustainability throughout time, as well as defining a comprehensive taxonomy of available retrofitting strategies, while also identifying common clusters among available research papers. This research effort is part of the mission of the European Association of Earthquake Engineering (EAEE) Working Group 15 (WG15), which focusses on ‘combined seismic and environmental upgrading of existing buildings”.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of cellulose oligomer in LiCl/DMSO
Authors: Sasaki Atsushi , Konishi Tatsuhiro , Kobayashi Kayoko , Wada Masahisa , Kusumi Ryosuke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh-resolution solution-state 1H, 13C, and various 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of cellulose were obtained using cellulose oligomer dissolved in LiCl/dimethyl sulfoxide, which enabled the assignment of all 1H and 13C resonances. The observed resonances were classified into four groups of glucose rings, corresponding to internal residue, non-reducing end, and reducing ends with α- and β-anomeric configurations. This assignment included the OH protons, which are difficult to assign in cellulose using other solvent systems. NMR measurements and assignments were performed using different LiCl concentrations because information on the hydroxy protons is important for understanding the interaction between cellulose and the solvent. The resonances from the OH protons shifted downfield with increasing LiCl concentration, suggesting that LiCl was attracted to the hydroxy groups of cellulose in solution. Moreover, the magnitude of the shifts varied depending on the positions of the hydroxy groups, which indicated the regioselectivity of the interaction between LiCl and the cellulose hydroxy groups.
Graphical abstract