bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic competence in intensive and critical care nursing: development and psychometric testing of a competence scale
Authors: Lakanmaa Riitta‐Liisa , Suominen Tarja , Perttilä Juha , Ritmala‐Castrén Marita , Vahlberg Tero , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo develop a scale to assess basic competence in intensive and critical care nursing. In this study, basic competence denotes preliminary competence to practice in an intensive care unit.BackgroundThere is a need for competence assessment scales in intensive care nursing practice and education. The nursing care performed in the intensive care unit is special by its nature and needs to be assessed as such. At this moment, however, there is no tested, reliable and valid scale in this field.DesignA multi‐phase, multi‐method development and psychometric testing of the scale was conducted.MethodsThe scale was developed in three phases. First, following a literature review andDelphi study, the items were created. Second, the scale was pilot tested twice by nursing students (n1 = 18,n2 = 56) and intensive care nurses (n1 = 12,n2 = 54), and revisions were made. Third, reliability and construct validity were tested by graduating nursing students (n = 139) and intensive care nurses (n = 431).ResultsThe Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale (ICCN‐CS‐1) is a self‐assessment test consisting of 144 items. Basic competence is divided into patient‐related clinical competence and general professional competence. In addition, basic competence is comprised of knowledge base, skill base, attitude and value base and experience base. ICCN‐CS‐1 is a reliable and tolerably valid scale.ConclusionsThe ICCN‐CS‐1 is a promising scale for use among nursing students and nurses. Future research is needed to evaluate its construct validity further and to assess its suitability for completion during intensive care unit's orientation programmes and nursing students' clinical practice in an intensive care unit.Relevance to clinical practiceThe ICCN‐CS‐1 can be used for basic competence assessment in professional development discussions in intensive care units, in mentor evaluation situations during nursing students' clinical practice and in intensive care nursing education.
Shared decision‐making in home‐care from the nurse's perspective: sitting at the kitchen table – a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Truglio‐Londrigan Marie 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo come to know, understand and describe the experience of shared decision‐making in home‐care from the nurse's perspective.BackgroundThe literature presents the concept of shared decision‐making as a complex process characterised by a partnership between the healthcare provider and the patient, which is participatory and action oriented with education and negotiation leading to agreement. Few studies have been carried out to explore and describe the events that make up the experiences of shared decision‐making in home‐care from the nurse's perspective.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was implemented.MethodSemi structured interviews were performed with 10 home‐care nurses who were asked to reflect on a time in their practice when they were involved in a shared decision‐making process with their patient. All data were analysed using Colaizzi's method.FindingsThe following Themes were uncovered: Begin where the patient is; Education for shared decision‐making; The village and shared decision‐making; and Whose decision is it? Each of the four Themes contained Subthemes.ConclusionsThe findings of this study present shared decision‐making as a complex, multidimensional and fluid process. A thorough understanding of shared decision‐making is essential within the multiple contexts in which care is delivered.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses in clinical practice need to know and understand the events of the experience of shared decision‐making. A more comprehensive understanding of these facts can assist home‐care nurses in their practice with regard to the application of shared decision‐making.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ARGUMENTS FOR MODELING LABOR SUPPLY AS A CHOICE AMONG LATENT JOBS
Authors: Dagsvik John K. , Jia Zhiyang , Kornstad Tom , Thoresen Thor O. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractModels of labor supply derived from stochastic utility representations and discretized sets of feasible hours of work have gained popularity because they are more practical than the standard approaches based on marginal calculus. In this paper we argue that practicality is not the only feature that can be addressed by means of stochastic choice theory. This theory also offers a powerful framework for developing a more realistic model for labor supply choices, founded on individuals having preferences over jobs and facing restrictions on the choice of jobs and hours of work. We discuss and clarify how this modeling framework deviates from both the conventional discrete approach [Van Soest, A. () Structural models of family labor supply. A discrete choice approach. Journal of Human Resources 30: 63–88), as well as the standard textbook approach based on marginal calculus (Hausman, J.A. () The econometrics of nonlinear budget sets. Econometrica 53: 1255–1282]. We furthermore discuss how the model based on job choice can be applied to simulate effects of alternative restrictions on hours of work.
The Association of Self‐Reported Sleep, Weight Status, and Academic Performance in Fifth‐Grade Students
Authors: Stroebele Nanette , McNally Janise , Plog Amy , Siegfried Scott , Hill James O. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo improve support and justification for health promotion efforts in schools, it is helpful to understand how students' health behaviors affect academic performance.METHODSFifth‐grade students completed an online school‐administered health survey with questions regarding their eating behavior, physical activity, academic performance, and sleep patterns. Differences in health behaviors were examined by sex, self‐reported weight status, and sufficient (≥9 hours) versus insufficient sleep. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between academic performance and the health behaviors.RESULTSOne third of the sample did not get the recommended amount of physical activity and more than half of the students watched television ≥ 2 hours/day. Self‐reported overweight status was related to lower self‐reported academic performance, fewer lunch and breakfast occasions, less physical activity, not meeting the recommendations for vegetable and soda consumption as well as hours of television watching. Sufficient sleep (≥9 hours/night) was associated with better grades, meeting the recommended hours of daily television watching and video game playing, being more physically active and increased breakfast and lunch frequency. Percentage of serving free/reduced lunch, soda consumption, breakfast frequency, amount of physical activity, and television watching were associated with academic performance.CONCLUSIONMore positive health behaviors generally were associated with better academic performance. Promoting healthy behaviors in schools might improve not only students' health academic performance as well.
Identifying Relationships Between High‐Risk Sexual Behaviors and Screening Positive for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in School‐Wide Screening Events
Authors: Salerno Jennifer , Darling‐Fisher Cindy , Hawkins Nicole M. , Fraker Elizabeth 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis article describes a school‐wide sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening to identify adolescent high‐risk sexual behaviors, STI history/incidence, and presence of chlamydia and gonorrhea, and examines relationships between high‐risk behaviors and screening positive for chlamydia and gonorrhea in an alternative high school setting.METHODSSchool‐wide chlamydia and gonorrhea education and screening was provided to 869 adolescents; 226 males and 282 females 14‐20 years (mean age = 17.07) consented to urine screening. Relationships were examined between screening positive, history of STIs, and high‐risk sexual behaviors.RESULTSA majority (69%) of the adolescents consented to screening: 17.76% (92) had a history of STI; 8.83% (46) tested positive at screening. More females than males tested positive (p = .001). Significant relationships existed between history of STIs and ≥ 4 sexual partners (p = .0022), no condom use (p = .06), and sexual intercourse in last 3 months (p = .03).CONCLUSIONSSchool‐Based Health Center (SBHC) screening was well accepted by students and staff. Sexually transmitted infection history was correlated with all identified high‐risk sexual behaviors supporting the need for in‐depth assessment, counseling, and testing of adolescents wherever they present for care. This study also provides an example of the role SBHCs can play in the national strategy to control chlamydia and gonorrhea in adolescents.
Exploration of the Link Between Tobacco Retailers in School Neighborhoods and Student Smoking
Authors: Adams Monica L. , Jason Leonard A. , Pokorny Steven , Hunt Yvonne 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool smoking bans give officials the authority to provide a smoke‐free environment, but enacting policies within the school walls is just one step in comprehensive tobacco prevention among students. It is necessary to investigate factors beyond the school campus and into the neighborhoods that surround schools. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the density of tobacco retailers and the illegal tobacco sales rate within school neighborhoods and smoking behaviors among students.METHODSThis study utilized secondary data from the baseline of the Youth Tobacco Access Project. Data were collected from 10,662 students attending 21 middle schools and 19 high schools, in addition to 512 tobacco retailers, all within 24 towns in Illinois during 2002. A random‐effects regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the density of tobacco retailers and illegal tobacco sales rates on current smoking and lifetime smoking prevalence.RESULTSSchools had a range between 0 and 9 tobacco retailers within their neighborhood with a mean of 2.76 retailers (SD = 2.45). The illegal sales rate varied from 0% to 100%, with a mean of 13%. The density of tobacco retailers was significantly related to the prevalence of ever smoking among students (b = 0.09, t(29) = 2.03, p = .051, OR = 1.10), but not to current smoking (p > .05); the illegal tobacco sales rate was not related to current smoking or lifetime smoking prevalence (p > .05).CONCLUSIONResults indicate that tobacco retailer density may impact smoking experimentation/initiation.
Providing Assistance to the Victims of Adolescent Dating Violence: A National Assessment of School Nurses' Practices
Authors: Khubchandani Jagdish , Telljohann Susan K. , Price James H. , Dake Joseph A. , Hendershot Candace 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study assessed the perceptions and practices of school nurses regarding adolescent dating violence (ADV).METHODSThe membership list of the National Association of School Nurses was used to identify a national random cross‐sectional sample of high school nurses in the United States (N = 750). A valid and reliable survey instrument was developed and a 3‐wave postal mailing procedure was used to maximize the return rate (57%).RESULTSMost school nurses (86.4%) reported that they did not have a protocol in their schools to respond to an incident of ADV. The majority of nurses reported that in the past 2 years, training to assist victims of ADV had not been provided to personnel in their schools (88.1%) and their schools did not conduct periodic student surveys that include questions on teen dating abuse behaviors (71.5%). Nurses who had a school protocol for responding to an incident of ADV perceived significantly fewer barriers to assisting victims of ADV and assisted more victims. Over half (55.3%) of high school nurses reported assisting a victim of ADV in the past 2 years.CONCLUSIONNurses appear to need more training in ADV. In addition, nurses found a number of barriers (eg, lack of training on ADV, lack of time, and lack of private space) to assisting student victims of ADV. Schools need to establish a means for assessing the status of ADV in their student population. Schools also need to provide in‐service education for school personnel regarding prevention, assessment, and interdiction of ADV.
Distressing perineal and vaginal pain in prepubescent girls: An aetiology
Authors: Dennie Joëlle , Grover Sonia R 
Published: January 2013

AimTo propose an aetiology and treatment for distressing perineal and vaginal pain in a paediatric female population.MethodsBetween 1997 and 2011, we saw 24 prepubertal girls (mean age of seven years, 11 months) with distressing vaginal pain, both before and after we suspected that pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) were the cause.ResultsPrior to 2005, two of six girls had resolution of their symptoms, one of whom had repeated courses of mebendazole. After 2005, when pinworms were discovered in one patient, treatment with mebendazole 100 mg weekly for three weeks resolved symptoms in 18 girls. Three girls had a recurrence of symptoms within 2–4 months, and repeat treatment with mebendazole was successful.ConclusionsPinworms should be considered when prepubertal girls present with distressing perineal or vaginal pain, and treatment with weekly mebendazole should be offered.
A Method for the Enhancement of Environmental Stress Resistance of Endoparasitic Fungus Esteya vermicola
Authors: Xue Jianjie , Hou Jingang , Zhang Yongan , Wang Yuzhu , Wang Chunyan , Wang Zhen , Wang Yunbo , Sung Changkeun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractsEsteya vermicola is the first recorded endoparasitic fungus of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is the causal agent for the pine wilt disease. Culture on modified agar media with herbal extraction (0.5%) was found to be able to induce resistance to UV radiation, heat and drought conditions in Esteya vermicola. Herba Houttuyniae, Tatraxacum officinale and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi exhibited the highest improvement on environmental competence of Esteya vermicola at all the tested time points under the stress conditions. In addition, improved quality and effective viability of Esteya vermicola were observed amended with the three herbal extractions in culture media. Enhanced stress resistance was associated with herbal metabolites. These findings provided a green, feasible, economical method for developing an open‐field spay application of fungal biocontrol agents against pine wilt disease.
Thermostability of seven hepatitis C virus genotypes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Doerrbecker J. , Meuleman P. , Kang J. , Riebesehl N. , Wilhelm C. , Friesland M. , Pfaender S. , Steinmann J. , Pietschmann T. , Steinmann E. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted primarily through percutaneous exposure to contaminated blood especially in healthcare settings and among people who inject drugs. The environmental stability of HCV has been extrapolated from studies with the bovine viral diarrhoea virus or was so far only addressed with HCV genotype 2a viruses. The aim of this study was to compare the environmental and thermostability of all so far known seven HCV genotypes in vitro and in vivo. Incubation experiments at room temperature revealed that all HCV genotypes showed similar environmental stabilities in suspension with viral infectivity detectable for up to 28 days. The risk of HCV infection may not accurately be reflected by determination of HCV RNA levels. However, viral stability and transmission risks assessed from in vitro experiments correlated with viral infectivity in transgenic mice containing human liver xenografts. A reduced viral stability for up to 2 days was observed at 37 °C with comparable decays for all HCV genotypes confirmed by thermodynamic analysis. These results demonstrate that different HCV genotypes possess comparable stability in the environment and that noninfectious particles after incubation in vitro do not cause infection in an HCV in vivo model. These findings are important for estimation of HCV cross‐transmission in the environment and indicate that different HCV genotypes do not display an altered stability or resistance at certain temperatures.
Impact of plant invasions on functional diversity in the vegetation of Central Europe
Authors: Hejda Martin , de Bello Francesco 
Published: January 2013

AbstractQuestionsHow is the loss of plant species richness, associated with invasions, related to changes in functional diversity? What is the relationship between the traits of invasive species and those of invaded communities?LocationDifferent Central European vegetation types within the Czech Republic.MethodsFunctional diversity was calculated for 260‐paired relevés, half non‐invaded and half invaded by one of 13 widespread invasive species in Central Europe. Four traits (height, SLA, seed mass and clonal index) were considered as a way to understand the functional space occupied by native and alien species in the data set (410 species altogether).ResultsSome of the functional diversity (FD) indices used (mean trait dissimilarity, mean nearest neighbour dissimilarity and SD of the mean nearest neighbour dissimilarity) revealed higher trait diversity for the invaded vegetation and negative relationship with species richness, while functional richness and evenness gave higher values for the uninvaded vegetation and positive relationship with species richness. Adding hypothetically the invader into the FD calculations for the uninvaded vegetation was found to increase most of the FD indices used, while excluding it from the FD calculations of the invaded vegetation decreased functional richness and also mean trait dissimilarity.ConclusionsResults suggest that invading aliens tend to be functionally different from native species and are therefore likely to occupy an empty niche in the invaded vegetation. Similarly, the resident species in the non‐invaded communities are not likely to occupy the whole potential niche space, which could remain available for the invasive species with different traits. This study suggests that the probability of a successful invasion is related to functional dissimilarities between the alien invader and native species of the resident communities.
Fueling phocids: Divergent exploitation of primary energy sources and parallel ontogenetic diet switches among three species of subarctic seals
Authors: Tucker Strahan , Stenson Garry B. , Don Bowen W. , Iverson Sara J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDetermining how marine predators partition resources is hindered by the difficulty in obtaining information on diet and distribution. Stable isotopes (SI) of carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) provide a two‐dimensional estimate of the dietary space of consumers; an animal's isotopic composition is directly influenced by what they consume and where they feed. Harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded (Cystophora cristata) seals are abundant phocid species found in the North Atlantic. We measured and contrasted SI values between seals sampled at nearshore and offshore sites to test for effects of sampling location, sex, age‐class, and body size to gain insight into how these species partition space and prey resources. In addition we contrasted previously published results for gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). Isotope values differed significantly by age class and location in harp and hooded seals. We found significant differences in SI values (mean δ13C and δ15N ± SE) between all species. Hooded seals, a continental shelf‐edge, deep‐diving species, exhibited low SI values (juveniles: −20.9‰ ± 0.03‰, 13.36‰ ± 0.05‰; adults: −20.41‰ ± 0.03‰, 14.81‰ ± 0.04‰) characteristic of feeding on meso‐ to bathypelagic prey. Harp seals, which dive to moderate depths primarily on the shelf had intermediate SI values (juveniles: −20.53‰ ± 0.01‰, 13.91‰ ± 0.01‰; adults: −20.13‰ ± 0.01‰, 14.96‰ ± 0.01‰) characteristic of feeding on epipelagic prey, whereas gray seals, which feed on or near the sea floor in shallow shelf waters, had high SI values (juveniles: −19.74‰ ± 0.04‰, 17.51‰ ± 0.05‰; adults: −18.86‰ ± 0.01‰, 17.23‰ ± 0.02‰) characteristic of feeding on demersal prey. In all species, δ13C values increased with body size and age in the same manner, indicating that seals exploit or forage in deeper habitats as they get larger and older. We hypothesize that the consistent ontogenetic shift in foraging niche, despite large differences between species in their diving behavior, geographic range and habitat use, not only reflects increased access to different prey due to increased diving capacity, but a progressive adjustment to balance energy budgets by reducing foraging costs.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of deferasirox in subjects with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Maker Garth L , Siva Brian , Batty Kevin T , Trengove Robert D , Ferrari Paolo , Olynyk John K 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTreatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes parenteral iron therapy, and these infusions can lead to iron overload. Secondary iron overload is typically treated with iron chelators, of which deferasirox is one of the most promising. However, it has not been studied in patients with CKD and iron overload.MethodsA pilot study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of deferasirox in eight haemodialysis‐dependent patients, who were receiving intravenous iron for treatment of anaemia of CKD. Deferasirox was administered at two doses (10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg), either acute (once daily for 2 days) or steady‐state (once daily for 2 weeks).ResultsA dose of 10 mg/kg in either protocol was not sufficient to achieve a plasma concentration in the therapeutic range (acute peak 14.1 and steady‐state 22.8 μmol/L), while 15 mg/kg in either protocol maintained plasma concentration well above this range (acute peak 216 and steady‐state 171 μmol/L). Plasma concentration observed at 15 mg/kg was well above that expected for this dose (40–50 μmol/L), although no adverse clinical events were observed.ConclusionThis study highlights the need to profile drugs such as deferasirox in specific patient groups, such as those with CKD and iron overload.