bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for teacher inquiry in cross‐curricular projects: Lessons from a case study
Authors: Avramides Katerina , Hunter Jade , Oliver Martin , Luckin Rosemary 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany changes in teaching practices (such as introduction of e‐assessment) are initiated by school management, or by a lead teacher, but have direct impact on the learning designs of others. However, models of teachers as innovators, conducting evidence‐based inquiry into their students' learning, view the teacher as initiator of change in their own practice (normally as individual). This paper addresses the question of whether such models can also be applied to change introduced by top‐down processes. In this paper, we examine teacher inquiry in such a context. We discuss a case study in which we worked with the Head of Science (HoS) of a secondary school. The HoS designed a cross‐curricular science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) project with 57 STEM teachers and introduced Google Forms as a tool for formative assessment. We supported the HoS to design and conduct an inquiry that involved all teachers. We examine the context and process of inquiry and how it was applied. Our findings provide insight into teachers' use of tools and representations when communicating about learning design, and the implications of this for the development of learning analytics tools. They also inform the development of a method for coordinating teacher inquiry in cross‐curricular projects and, more generally, in the context of top‐down introduction of change.
Recourse to radical prostatectomy and associated short‐term outcomes in Italy: a country‐wide study over the last decade
Authors: Novara Giacomo , Ficarra Vincenzo , Zattoni Filiberto , Fedeli Ugo 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo estimate time trends in the recourse to radical prostatectomy (RP) and associated short‐term outcomes after RP in Italy, as population‐based data on RP adoption and outcomes are available mainly from Northern America and Northern Europe.Patients and MethodsAll RPs for prostate cancer performed between 2001 and 2010 were extracted from the Italian national archive of hospital discharge records. Age‐specific and age‐standardised RP rates were computed. The effect of procedural volume on in‐hospital mortality, complications, and length of stay (LOS) was estimated by multilevel regression models.ResultsIn all, 144 432 RPs were analysed. Country‐wide RP rates increased between 2001 and 2004, and thereafter remained stable, with large differences between geographical areas. The mean hospital volume increased in the first study years, without centralisation but due to increasing RP numbers at the population level. The median LOS declined from 10 to 8 days over the study period (mean from 11.7 to 9.2 days). In‐hospital mortality declined from 0.16% in 2001 to 0.07% in 2010. In‐hospital mortality, LOS, and the prevalence of complications increased with age, and decreased with year of surgery. Compared with very low‐volume hospitals, procedures performed in high‐volume hospitals were associated with decreased in‐hospital mortality, in‐hospital complications, and LOS.ConclusionsThe study adds evidence on rapidly changing trends in RP rates in Italy, on improving in‐hospital outcomes, and on their association with procedural volume.
The efficacy of irinotecan, paclitaxel, and oxaliplatin (IPO) in relapsed germ cell tumours with high‐dose chemotherapy as consolidation: a non‐cisplatin‐based induction approach
Authors: Badreldin Waleed , Krell Jonathan , Chowdhury Simon , Harland Stephen J. , Mazhar Danish , Harding Victoria , Frampton Adam E. , Wilson Peter , Berney Daniel , Stebbing Justin , Shamash Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the outcome of an expanded cohort of patients with relapsed germ cell tumours (GCTs) treated with a salvage chemotherapy regimen consisting of irinotecan, paclitaxel and oxaliplatin (IPO) and assess the role of IPO as an alternative to standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapy regimens in this setting.Patients and MethodsThe results of 72 consecutive patients were reviewed retrospectively. IPO was used either as a second‐line treatment (29 patients), of which 20 patients subsequently received high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT), or third‐line (43), of which 32 patients proceeded to HDCT.ResultsThe 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and 3‐year overall survival (OS) rates for the whole cohort were 30.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.3–40.5%) and 33.4% (95% CI 20.1–43.8%), respectively. Complete remission was achieved in 3%, marker‐negative partial response (PR) in 41%, marker‐positive PR in 18%, stable disease in 17% and progressive disease in 20%. In the second‐line setting, the 2‐year PFS rate was 43.5% (95% CI 21.7–60.8%) and 3‐year OS 49.1% (95% CI 24.2–65.1%). In the third‐line setting, the 2‐year PFS rate was 21.0% (95% CI 9.5–35.4%) and the 3‐year OS rate was 23.9% (95% CI 11.7–38.2). According to the current international prognostic factor study group criteria for first relapse for the high‐ and very high‐risk group the 2‐year PFS rates were 50% and 30%, respectively. There were two treatment‐related deaths from IPO, and four from HDCT. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities included neutropenia (35%), thrombocytopaenia (18%), infection (15%), diarrhoea (11%) and lethargy (8%).ConclusionsIPO offers an effective, well‐tolerated, non‐nephrotoxic alternative to cisplatin‐based salvage regimens for patients with relapsed GCTs. It appears particularly useful in high‐risk patients and for those in whom cisplatin is ineffective or contra‐indicated.
Clinical and radiographic predictors of the need for inferior vena cava resection during nephrectomy for patients with renal cell carcinoma and caval tumour thrombus
Authors: Psutka Sarah P. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Thompson Robert H. , Schmit Grant D. , Schmitz John J. , Bower Thomas C. , Stewart Suzanne B. , Lohse Christine M. , Cheville John C. , Leibovich Bradley C. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic predictors of the need for partial or circumferential resection of the inferior vena cava (IVC) requiring complex vascular reconstruction during venous tumour thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Patients and MethodsData were collected on 172 patients with RCC and IVC (levels I–IV) venous tumour thrombus who underwent radical nephrectomy with tumour thrombectomy at the Mayo Clinic between 2000 and 2010. Preoperative imaging was re‐reviewed by one of two radiologists blinded to details of the patient's surgical procedure. Univariable and multivariable associations of clinical and radiographic features with IVC resection were evaluated by logistic regression. A secondary analysis was used to assess the ability of the model to predict histological invasion of the IVC by the tumour thrombus.ResultsOf the 172 patients, 38 (22%) underwent IVC resection procedures during nephrectomy. Optimum radiographic thresholds were determined to predict the need for IVC resection based on preoperative imaging included a renal vein diameter at the renal vein ostium (RVo) of 15.5 mm, maximum anterior–posterior (AP) diameter of the IVC of 34.0 mm and AP and coronal diameters of the IVC at the RVo of 24 and 19 mm, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the presence of a right‐sided tumour (odds ratio 3.3; P = 0.017), an AP diameter of the IVC at the RVo of ≥24.0 mm (odds ratio 4.4; P = 0.017), and radiographic identification of complete occlusion of the IVC at the RVo (odds ratio 4.9; P < 0.001) were associated with a significantly increased risk of IVC resection. The c‐index for the model was 0.81.ConclusionsWe present a multivariable model of the radiographic features associated with the need for IVC resection during tumour thrombectomy. Pending external validation, this model may be used for preoperative planning, patient counselling and planned involvement of vascular surgical colleagues in anticipation of the need for complex vascular repair.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of the Hybrid Molecules between Sulfonamides and Active Antimicrobial Pleuromutilin Derivative
Authors: Chen Liangzhu , Yang Dexue , Pan Zhikun , Lai Lihong , Liu Jianhua , Fang Binghu , Shi Shuning 
Published: November 2014

A series of novel hybrid molecules between sulfonamides and active antimicrobial 14‐o‐(3‐carboxy‐phenylsulfide)‐mutilin were synthesized, and their in vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated by the broth microdilution. Results indicated that these compounds displayed potent antimicrobial activities in vitro against various drug‐susceptible and drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria such as Staphylococci and streptococci, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and mycoplasma. In particular, sulfapyridine analog (6c) exhibited more potent inhibitory activity against Gram‐positive bacteria and mycoplasma, including Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.016–0.063 μg/mL), methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.016 μg/mL), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 0.032–0.063 μg/mL), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MIC = 0.004 μg/mL), with respect to other synthesized compounds and reference drugs sulfonamide (MIC = 8–128 μg/mL) and valnemulin (MIC = 0.004–0.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, comparison between MIC values of pleuromutilin‐sulfonamide hybrids 6a–f with pleuromutilin parent compound 3 revealed that these modifications at 14 position side chain of the pleuromutilin with benzene sulfonamide could greatly improve the antibacterial activity especially against Gram‐positives.
Dietary management of peanut and tree nut allergy: what exactly should patients avoid?
Authors: Brough H. A. , Turner P. J. , Wright T. , Fox A. T. , Taylor S. L. , Warner J. O. , Lack G. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryPeanut and tree nut allergies are the commonest cause of life‐threatening food‐allergic reactions and significantly affect quality of life in children and their families. Dietary nut avoidance and provision of emergency medication is currently the mainstay of treatment. Nut avoidance has consequences on both quality of life and nutrition. We review the terminology that may cause confusion and lead to unnecessary dietary restrictions. In peanut or tree nut‐allergic children, introduction of specific nuts to which the child is not allergic may improve quality of life and should be considered in patients with multiple foods allergies, vegan or ethnic‐specific diets, in whom nuts are an important source of protein. Nut‐allergic consumers do not just need to avoid foods containing nuts as an ingredient, but also contend with pre‐packed foods which frequently have precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) referring to possible nut contamination. Although the published rate of peanut contamination in ‘snack’ foods with PAL (see Box ) ranges from 0.9–32.4%, peanut contamination in non‐snack items with PAL is far less common. We propose that in some peanut‐allergic patients (depending on history of reactivity to trace levels of peanut, reaction severity, other medical conditions, willingness to always carry adrenaline, etc.), consideration may be given to allow the consumption of non‐snack foods containing PAL following discussion with the patient's (and their family's) specialist. More work is needed to provide consumers with clearer information on the risk of potential nut contamination in pre‐packed food. We also draw attention to the change in legislation in December 2014 that require mandatory disclosure of allergens in non‐pre‐packed foods.
Cystamine Improves Functional Recovery via Axon Remodeling and Neuroprotection after Stroke in Mice
Authors: Li Pei‐Cheng , Jiao Yun , Ding Jie , Chen Yu‐Chen , Cui Ying , Qian Cheng , Yang Xiang‐Yu , Ju Sheng‐Hong , Yao Hong‐Hong , Teng Gao‐Jun 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAimsStroke is a leading cause of disability. However, there is no pharmacological therapy available for promoting recovery. Although treatment of stroke with cystamine has gained increasing interest, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Thus, our aim is to examine the effect of cystamine on the function recovery after stroke and investigate further cystamine mechanisms.MethodsAdult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to photothrombotic model of focal stroke or sham operation. Cystamine or saline was administered intraperitoneally at 24 h after stroke. Functional recovery was analyzed using behavioral tests; axon remodeling was analyzed using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histological assessment. ANA‐12, an antagonist of tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB), was administrated to examine the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection mediated by cystamine.ResultsTreatment with cystamine resulted in amelioration of impaired function with concomitant enhancement of axonal remodeling. Cystamine treatment significantly increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and phosphorylation of TrkB in brain after stroke. Cystamine significantly enhanced neuronal progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal survival, and plasticity through BDNF/TrkB pathway.ConclusionsThese data provide evidence to investigate the promising utility of cystamine for therapy of stroke in a variety of ways, acting principally through BDNF/TrkB pathway.
Tetraploid complementation proves pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from adipose tissue
Authors: Zhou C. , Cai X. , Fu Y. , Wei X. , Fu N. , Xie J. , Lin Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesRecently, pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been displayed after producing adult mice, in tetraploid complementation assays. These studies lead us to the last piece of the puzzle for reprogramming somatic cells into fully pluripotent cells which function as embryonic stem cells in most applications. However, in all of previous studies, skin fibroblasts were used as the starting population for reprogramming, raising questions as to whether the pluripotency of the iPS cells was dependent on the particular starting cell type.Materials and methodsOur iPS cell lines were prepared from murine adipose stem cells (ASCs). Their multi‐potency was first tested by teratoma formation in nude mice. Then, tetraploid complementation was performed to generate progeny from them.ResultsWe succeeded to the birth of viable and fertile adult mice derived entirely from reprogrammed ASC, indicating cell types other than fibroblasts can also be restored to the embryonic level of pluripotency.ConclusionsWe also directed differentiation of iPS cells into chondrocytes, thus adipose‐derived iPS cells can be used as models to study chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage regeneration.
Factors influencing nitrogen processing in lakes: an experimental approach
Authors: Olsen Saara , Jeppesen Erik , Moss Brian , Özkan Korhan , Beklioğlu Meryem , Feuchtmayr Heidrun , González Sagrario María , Wei Li , Larsen Søren , Lauridsen Torben S. , Søndergaard Martin 
Published: November 2014

Summary

To help improve our understanding of the nitrogen cycle in lakes, particularly in the context of climate change, we analysed total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate (‐N) data from six mesocosm experiments (in Denmark, U.K., China and Turkey) covering different climatic regions. We assessed the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading, temperature, salinity and water level on N processing.

Water column N loss (defined as the nitrogen processed in and lost from the water column in units of net amount processed per unit area and per unit of time, or in relative terms as the percentage loss of the total pool in 2 weeks) was particularly sensitive to external nutrient loading to the mesocosms. Mean water column TN loss at high N loading varied from 111 to 250 mg m−2 day−1 and increased with N loading. High P loading resulted in increased water column N loss, possibly because of increased uptake into plants and attached algae and sedimentation of the increased algal crop. High salinity generally decreased water column TN loss; on average, 10% more TN was in the water column at 12‰ salinity than at 2‰ salinity, while no significant effect of water level was found.

Only weak relationships were observed between N processing and temperature, and mesocosms limited by P accumulated more nitrogen in their water columns than those with high P loadings. Our results suggest that N processing in lakes appears to be more sensitive to features of the catchment, such as hydrology and loading, than to climatic effects related to temperature, salinity and water level.
Economic and ecological views on climate change mitigation with bioenergy and negative emissions
Authors: Creutzig Felix 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClimate stabilization scenarios emphasize the importance of land‐based mitigation to achieve ambitious mitigation goals. The stabilization scenarios informing the recent IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report suggest that bioenergy could contribute anywhere between 10 and 245 EJ to climate change mitigation in 2100. High deployment of bioenergy with low life cycle GHG emissions would enable ambitious climate stabilization futures and reduce demands on other sectors and options. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) would even enable so‐called negative emissions, possibly in the order of magnitude of 50% of today's annual gross emissions. Here, I discuss key assumptions that differ between economic and ecological perspectives. I find that high future yield assumptions, plausible in stabilization scenarios, look less realistic when evaluated in biophysical metrics. Yield assumptions also determine the magnitude of counterfactual land carbon stock development and partially determine the potential of BECCS. High fertilizer input required for high yields would likely hasten ecosystem degradation. I conclude that land‐based mitigation strategies remain highly speculative; a constant iteration between synoptic integrated assessment models and more particularistic and fine‐grained approaches is a crucial precondition for capturing complex dynamics and biophysical constraints that are essential for comprehensive assessments.
Effects of first‐ and second‐generation bioenergy crops on soil processes and legacy effects on a subsequent crop
Authors: Schrama Maarten , Vandecasteele Bart , Carvalho Sabrina , Muylle Hilde , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo develop a more sustainable bio‐based economy, an increasing amount of carbon for industrial applications and biofuel will be obtained from bioenergy crops. This may result in intensified land use and potential conflicts with other ecosystem services provided by soil, such as control of greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration, and nutrient dynamics. A growing number of studies examine how bioenergy crops influence carbon and nitrogen cycling. Few studies, however, have combined such assessments with analysing both the immediate effects on the provisioning of soil ecosystem services as well as the legacy effects for subsequent crops in the rotation. Here, we present results from field and laboratory experiments on effects of a standard first‐generation bioenergy crop (maize) and three different second‐generation bioenergy crops (willow short rotation coppice (SRC), Miscanthus × giganteus, switchgrass) on key soil quality parameters: soil structure, organic matter, biodiversity and growth and disease susceptibility of a major follow‐up crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum). We analysed a 6‐year field experiment and show that willow SRC, Miscanthus, and maize maintained a high yield over this period. Soil quality parameters and legacy effects of Miscanthus and switchgrass were similar or performed worse than maize. In contrast, willow SRC enhanced soil organic carbon concentration (0–5 cm), soil fertility, and soil biodiversity in the upper soil layer when compared to maize. In a greenhouse experiment, wheat grown in willow soil had higher biomass production than when grown in maize or Miscanthus soil and exhibited no growth reduction in response to introduction of a soil‐borne (Rhizoctonia solani) or a leaf pathogen (Mycosphaerella graminicola). We conclude that the choice of bioenergy crops can greatly influence provisioning of soil ecosystem services and legacy effects in soil. Our results imply that bioenergy crops with specific traits might even enhance ecosystem properties through positive legacy effects.
Efficacy of magnesium chloride in the treatment of Hailey–Hailey disease: from serendipity to evidence of its effect on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis
Authors: Borghi Alessandro , Rimessi Alessandro , Minghetti Sara , Corazza Monica , Pinton Paolo , Virgili Annarosa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundHailey–Hailey disease (HHD), also known as familial benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare autosomal dominant inherited intraepidermal blistering genodermatosis. Mutations in the ATP2C1 gene encoding for the Golgi secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+‐ATPasi protein 1 (SPCA1) affect the processing of desmosomal components and the epidermal suprabasal cell–cell adhesion by deregulating the keratinocyte cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. We report the unexpected, dramatic, and persistent clinical improvement of the skin lesions of a patient affected with longstanding HHD with daily intake of a solution containing magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2).Materials and methodsWe investigated the effect of MgCl2 on the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and on the activity of particular Ca2+‐effectors in HeLa cells transfected with chimeric aequorins (cytAEQ, mtAEQ, erAEQ and GoAEQ) targeted to different subcellular compartments (cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi, respectively).ResultsExperimental investigations on HeLa cells showed the effect of MgCl2 on the function of Ca2+‐extrusor systems, resulting in increased cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, without altering the mechanisms of intraluminal Ca2+‐filling and Ca2+‐release of stores.ConclusionsBased on our clinical observation and experimental results, it can be hypothesized that MgCl2 could act as an inhibitor of the Ca2+‐extruding activity in keratinocytes favoring intracellular Ca2+‐disponibility and Ca2+‐dependent mechanisms in desmosome assembly. This may represent the molecular basis of the good response of the HHD clinical features with MgCl2 solution in the patient described.
Intralesional vs. contact cryosurgery in treatment of keloids: a clinical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Abdel‐Meguid Azza M. , Weshahy Ahmed Hany , Sayed Doaa S. , Refaiy Abeer E.M. , Awad Sara M.I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundCryosurgery is a safe and effective treatment of keloids. Intralesional cryosurgery has been shown to bring about significant improvement in keloids. The histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in keloids following cryosurgery are not well‐assessed.MethodsTwenty‐three patients with 66 keloids were treated with either the contact (cryoprobe) method or intralesional cryosurgery. Keloid specimens were obtained before treatment and after two sessions of treatment for evaluation of keloid pathology and immunohistochemical changes in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tenascin C induced by both cryosurgical techniques.ResultsA better therapeutic response was detected after intralesional cryosurgery (excellent response [ER], 87%) than contact cryosurgery (ER, 60%; P < 0.05). The intralesional technique achieved higher rates of flattening after the first two sessions (ER in 61.3% and 22.9%, respectively; P < 0.05) and caused fewer side effects compared with the contact method. Both cryosurgical methods resulted in a significant decrease in VEGF and tenascin C expression in keloids.ConclusionsIntralesional cryosurgery is superior to contact cryosurgery in terms of efficacy and safety. Both techniques may have beneficial effects on keloids, at least partially, through the modulation of VEGF and tenascin C expression.