bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Blended Learning Implementation in HEIs: Tool for Monitoring the Use of e-Learning Management Systems
Authors: Gaftandzhieva Silvia , Doneva Rositsa , Bliznakov Milen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite the wide acceptance of blended learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worldwide, the issue of monitoring its implementation has been little addressed in the literature. The paper presents the results of the first stage of the study for the development and implementation of tools for monitoring the degree of use of blended learning courses within the learning process in HEIs. The tool introduced here extracts data from the database of the e-learning environment and visualizes the results of the data analysis in dashboards that provide valuable insights to decision-making for improving the quality of blended learning implementation. The tool allows governing bodies to track trends in the user registration, development, and updating of blended learning courses, the number of learners, and the usability of the courses by users for a selected period. Based on the results of tool experimental testing, goals for its further development are set.
African Vulture Optimization-Based Decision Tree (AVO-DT): An Innovative Method for Malware Identification and Evaluation through the Application of Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kaithal Praveen Kumar , Sharma Varsha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Malware remains a big threat to cyber security, calling for machine learning-based malware detection. Malware variations exhibit common behavioral patterns indicative of their source and intended use to enhance the existing framework’s usefulness. Here we present a novel model, i.e., African Vulture Optimization-based Decision Tree (AVO-DT) to increase the overall optimization.
The datasets from Android apps and malware software train the AVO-DT model. After training, the datasets are pre-processed by removing training errors. The DT algorithm is used by the developed AVO model to carry out the detection procedure and predict malware activity. To detect malware activities and improve accuracy, such an AVO-DT model technique employs both static and dynamic methodologies. The other measurements on Android applications might be either malicious or benign. Here we also developed malware prevention and detection systems to address ambiguous search spaces in multidimensionality difficulties and resolve optimization challenges.
Complementarity-Determining Region 3 (CDR3) of the Heavy Chain Only Antibodies: Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Talpašová Lea , Bhide Katarína , Maľarik Tomáš , Bhide Mangesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Neuroinfections are difficult and time-consuming to treat. The main bottleneck in therapy is drugs’ inability to enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Because the diffusion of conventional antibodies in tissues is limited by their large size (150 kDa), it is necessary to find an antibody fragment that can cross the BBB and treat CNS infections. Camelid heavy chain only antibodies, also known as nanobodies, possess a unique Variable domain of a Heavy chain (VHH). The VHH could be used as an alternative to conventional antibodies and have enormous potential in a wide range of medical and bio-technology fields. The VHH with an average molecular weight of 15 kDa can diffuse nearly four times better in tissues and tumours than common antibodies. A VHH is made up of four framework regions (FR1‒4) and three hypervariable complementarity-determining regions (CDR1‒3), with CDR3 being particularly important in interaction with pathogen epitopes. Experimental results have shown that the CDR3 domain alone can bind to epitopes and may contribute to reduce the size of the antigen-recognizing molecule, allowing it to be used more effectively to diffuse much better in tissues, and as well as to cross the BBB and biodistributed in CNS.
Host Status of Ornamental Shade Trees and Shrubs to Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Benedetti T. , Weiland J. E. , Zasada I. A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Oregon leads the United States in nursery production of shade trees and is third in deciduous and broadleaf evergreen shrub production. Plant-parasitic nematodes have been implicated in problems with the growth of plants in nurseries and are also of phytosanitary risk. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the host status of four trees (Quercus alba, Quercus garryana, Acer campestre, Thuja occidentalis) and two shrubs (Buxus sempervirens, Rhododendron catawbiense) to Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne hapla, and Pratylenchus neglectus. Each plant/nematode treatment was replicated five times, and the experiment was conducted twice. Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs of M. incognita or M. hapla and 2,500 individuals of P. neglectus two weeks after planting. After three months, the plants were harvested, and the total density of nematodes in soil and roots for P. neglectus and the total density of second-stage juveniles (J2) in soil and eggs on roots for M. hapla and M. incognita were determined. The final nematode population (Pf) and reproductive factor (RF = Pf/initial population density) were calculated. For M. incognita and M. hapla, all of the ornamental trees and shrubs would be considered as fair to good hosts with RF values > 1. Meloidogyne incognita had the highest Pf (5,234 total J2 and eggs/pot) and RF value (28.4) on A. campestre. For P. neglectus, all of the ornamental trees and shrubs were fair to good hosts, except for B. sempervirens. Buxus sermpervirens was not a host for P. neglectus, with an RF value of almost 0. This is the first report of Q. alba, Q. garryana, and A. campestre as hosts for M. incognita, M. hapla, and P. penetrans. This is also the first report of T. occidentalis and R. catawbiense as hosts for P. penetrans and the non-host status of B. sermpervirens for P. penetrans.
Blackmail, Unproductive Exchanges, Fraud, and the Libertarian Theory of Voluntariness
Authors: Wysocki Igor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to rationally reconstruct Nozick’s account of unproductivity, especially vis-à-vis his characteristically libertarian, and hence uncompromising, ban on fraud. We posit that, when Nozick’s theory is interpreted charitably, it does not yield to contradictory prescriptions concerning permissibility. That is, there does not have to be any inconsistency in the Nozickian ban on certain exchanges, with the ban tracking two properties of the said exchanges; that is, either (1) their unproductivity or (2) their fraudulence. When analyzing economic exchanges, our interest is focused on both productive and unproductive blackmail exchanges. However, we suggest that Nozick’s banning exchanges along the lines of their unproductivity tallies poorly with his avowed libertarianism since his position predicts prohibiting unproductive and yet non-fraudulent exchanges. Hence, and we suggest resolving the said tension in a principled libertarian (deontological) manner; that is, by banning fraudulent exchanges and allowing non-fraudulent ones, ceteris paribus, while submitting that the properties of exchanges such that being productive or being unproductive are morally inert.
The Economic and Energy Impact of Slow Orders in Slovakia on Railway Operators
Authors: Daněček Matěj 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper looks at the current state of the railways in Slovakia and the economic losses which result from trains passing through locations with an increased incidence of sections of line with slow orders imposed. A calculation of time and financial losses due to a high number of slow order sections will be performed. We shall also focus in more detail on the development and related financing of Railways of the Slovak Republic (ŽSR) and make a number of comparisons with some neighbouring countries. Attention will also be paid to the actual status of completed and unrealised projects in the most recent period, exploring the reasons behind project delays and cancellations. The paper will also calculate how individual train journeys along slow order sections translate into actual operation. The actual impacts on railway operators will also be examined in terms of economics, time, and energy, with an emphasis on the sustainability of current practices and potential areas for improvement.
Skuteczność finansowych instrumentów wsparcia działalności gospodarczej w ujęciu sektorowym
Authors: Bednarz Bartłomiej 
Published: June 2024

Celem opracowania jest ocena długookresowej skuteczności dofinansowań na podjęcie działalności gospodarczej przeznaczonych dla osób bezrobotnych w kontekście trwałości zatrudnienia w wybranych branżach, przeprowadzona na grupie beneficjentów z terenu województwa podkarpackiego w latach 2015‒2022. Badanie zrealizowano za pomocą metody desk research i analizy statystycznej, dokonano systematycznego przeglądu literatury. Wykorzystano w nim dane empiryczne udostępniane w Centralnej Ewidencji i Informacji o Działalności Gospodarczej oraz w Systemie Udostępniania Danych o Pomocy Publicznej. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz uzyskano informacje o gałęziach gospodarki, w których beneficjenci dofinansowań najczęściej zakładają swoje przedsiębiorstwa, a także udało się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w których branżach efektywność zatrudnieniowa kształtuje się na wyższym lub niższym poziomie w stosunku do wyniku referencyjnego dla całej badanej grupy. Na podstawie uzyskanych rezultatów badań wydaje się uzasadnione wprowadzenie poprawek do regulacji dotyczących przyznawania wsparcia finansowego bezrobotnym chcącym rozpocząć działalność gospodarczą, np. w zakresie weryfikowania posiadanych kwalifikacji czy niezbędnego doświadczenia. Niniejsze opracowanie uzupełnia lukę w literaturze dotyczącą informacji na temat trwałości zatrudnienia osób korzystających z analizowanej formy wsparcia w wybranych gałęziach gospodarki.
دراسات نحوية في مباحث الأسماء من كتاب المُحاكَمات لعبْد الكريم بن عبد الجبار التَّبريزي
Authors: إسماعيل مروان نوري 
Published: June 2024

البحث الموسوم بـ (دراسات نحوية في مباحث الأسماء من كتاب المُحاكَمات لعبْد الكريم بن عبد الجبار التَّبريزي) دار حول الحاشية التي كتبها عبد الكريم التبريزي على شرح القطب الرازي على تفسير الكشاف حيث ذكر اعتراضات الآقسرائي على الشارح المشهور بالرازي وقد حاكم بين هذين الإمامين في المسائل النحوية المتعلقة بالأسماء، فعمد الباحث على جمع هذه المسائل سبرا واستقصاء وقد درسها وبحثها من الحيث الدرس النحوي، وخاصة بمباحث الأسماء، وقد جاء البحث على مبحثين وتحت كل مبحث مطالب تليق بأن تلائم المبحث الذي انطلق الباحث بحثه فيه.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengarui Perilaku Seksual Anak Jalanan Perempuan di Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Surono Dwi Cahyaningtiyas , Riani Evicenna Naftuchah , Pangesti Wilis Dwi , Mu'minah Ikhwah 
Published: June 2024

Perilaku seksual adalah segala tingkah laku yang didorong oleh hasrat seksual, baik dengan lawan jenisnya maupun dengan sesama jenisnya. Di Indonesia terdapat sebanyak 1,2 % remaja terjerumus pada perilaku seks bebas yakni melakukan hubungan seksual sebelum menikah. Persentase terbesar dilakukan remaja laki-laki yakni 1,9 %. Kondisi yang sama juga terjadi di provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan persentase lebih besar dari nasional yakni sebanyak 1,3 % pernah melakukan hubungan seksual dan mayoritas dilakukan oleh remaja laki-laki 1,1 %. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi faktor apa saja yang memperngaruhi perilaku seksual pada anak jalanan perempuan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Informan penelitian ini adalah anak jalanan di Kabupten Banyumas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku seksual anak jalanan di Kabupaten Banyumas yaitu pengetahuan, norma agama, sosial ekonomi, pengaruh teman, media informasi dan kesempatan waktu. Selain itu juga ditemukan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi perilaku seksual anak jalanan perempuan yaitu orang tua, lingkungan pertemanan, libido dan pendidikan dan ditemukan 1 faktor yang tidak mempengaruhi perilaku seksual yaitu konsumsi miras dan obat obatan terlarang. Jadi pengetahuan, norma agama, sosial ekonomi, pengaruh teman, media informasi, kesempatan waktu, orang tua, lingkungan pertemanan, libido dan pendidikan merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku seksual.
A escolha do curso de pedagogia em contexto de esvaziamento da educação e da carreira docente
Authors: Bellido Luciana Ponce , Machado Maria Izabel , Valeriano Marta Maria 
Published: June 2024

Buscou-se apreender as relações estabelecidas com o espaço universitário e a escolha de estudantes ingressantes pelo curso de Pedagogia. Perpassamos caminhos diversos, dentre os quais, destacamos como centrais, os afetos de reconhecimento e pertencimento.
Production of biosurfactants (rhamnolipids) by pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Colombian sludges
Authors: Díaz M. M. P. , Pimienta R. A. L. , Carvajal S. F. G. , Grosso V. J. L. 
Published: June 2024

The biosurfactant production by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Colombian hydrocarbon contaminated sludges has been determined. The methodology included the isolation of microorganisms, standardization of batch culture conditions for good surfactant production and characterization of the produced rhamnolipid. Several carbon sources were evaluated with regard to the growth and production curves. The stability of the rhamnolipid was also determined under variable conditions of pH, temperature and salt concentration. The strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa BS 3 showed biosurfactant production capabilities of rhamnolipid resulting in concentrations up to 2 g-dm-3 with surface tensions of 30 -32 mN-m-1 in batch cultures with commercial nutrients.
Enhancing FAIR compliance: A controlled vocabulary for mapping Social Sciences survey variables
Authors: Saldanha Bach Estevao Janete , Klas Claus-Peter 
Published: June 2024

The dynamic relationship among survey instruments and study entities like questionnaires, variables, questions, and response formats evolve in Social Sciences surveys. Researchers may need to modify variable attributes such as labels or names, question-wording, or response scales when reusing variables in survey design. Therefore, explaining these relations across different waves and studies is necessary to track how variables relate to each other. Although standards like Data Documentation Initiative – Lifecycle (DDI-LC) and DataCite model these relationships, these frameworks fall short of capturing the complexity of variable relationships. The DDI Alliance Controlled Vocabulary for Commonality Type employs codes—such as 'identical,' 'some,' and 'none'—to outline shifts in entities like variables; however, this approach is insufficient for disambiguating these relationships since they do not differentiate the variable attributes subject to change. We introduce the GESIS Controlled Vocabulary (CV) for Variables in Social Sciences Research Data to bridge this gap. This CV is designed to enhance semantic interoperability across various organizations and systems. Establishing explicit relationships facilitates harmonization across different study waves and enriches data reuse. This enhancement supports advanced search and browse functionalities. The CV, published via the CESSDA vocabulary manager, seeks to forge a semantically rich, interconnected knowledge graph specifically tailored for Social Science Research. This endeavour aligns with the FAIR data principles, aiming to foster a more integrated and accessible research landscape.
BENTUK DAN FUNGSI IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN ANAK USIA 3—6 TAHUN
Authors: Hiariej Chrissanty , Wuarlela Mouren 
Published: June 2024

Implikatur percakapan merupakan bagian dari pertuturan yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan maksud penutur. Umumnya implikatur sering ditemukan dalam percakapan orang dewasa. Namun, setelah diteliti, implikatur juga dapat muncul dalam percakapan anak-anak. Anak-anak khususnya usia 3—6 tahun sudah memahami dan mengekspresikan perasaan, keinginan dan harapan mereka yang diperoleh dari keluarga, lingkungan, dan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk implikatur percakapan bahasa Indonesia anak usia 3—6 tahun, (2) mendeskripsikan fungsi implikatur percakapan bahasa Indonesia anak usia 3—6 tahun. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik yang dipakai dalam pangumpulan data implikatur percakapan anak usia 3—6 tahun di Ambon adalah teknik observasi, teknik pemancingan, teknik rekaman, dan teknik catatan lapangan. Penganalisisan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode padan alat penentu pragmatis. Prosedur penganalisisan data dilakukan melalui tiga alur kegiatan yang terjadi secara bersamaan untuk menjawab semua rumusan masalah penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi atau penyimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implikatur percakapan anak usia 3—6 tahun muncul ketika anak bersama banyak orang, seperti berada dengan kumpulan teman-teman yang sebaya dan orang dewasa di sekitarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, bentuk implikatur percakapan anak usia 3—6 tahun terdiri atas tiga macam, yaitu implikatur percakapan umum, implikatur percakapan khusus, dan implikatur berskala. Kedua, berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang fungsi implikatur percakapan khusus anak usia 3—6 tahun terdiri atas empat fungsi implikatur percakapan, antara lain fungsi kompetitif, fungsi menyenangkan, bekerja sama, dan bertentangan. Fungsi kompetitif terdiri atas memerintah dan meminta. Fungsi menyenangkan terdiri atas menawarkan, mengajak, dan menyapa. Fungsi bekerja sama yaitu melapor. Fungsi bertentangan terdiri atas mengancam, menuduh, menyumpahi, dan memarahi.
Byzantium and Its Neighbours
Religious Self and Otherness in Dialogue
Authors: Andriollo Luisa , D'Amelia Luigi 
Published: June 2024

The volume is partly inspired by the papers presented during the thematic session Byzantium and its Neighbours: Religious Self and Otherness in Dialogue at the 24<sup>th</sup> International Congress of Byzantine Studies held in Venice/Padua in August 2022. Its primary focus lies in Byzantine polemics against religious others, especially Muslims, Jews, Armenians and Latins. The contributions cover a wide range of themes, including the repertoire of topoi and arguments developed by Byzantine polemicists against various opponents, the linguistic and rhetorical strategies employed in the works analysed, and questions of authorship and audience. The volume helps to elucidate aspects of the political and socio-cultural context in which this significant body of Byzantine literature was produced or received, while at the same time opening up new ways of approaching this typology of sources.
Information Searching Behaviour in Efforts to Complete Postgraduate Students’ Theses
Authors: Sa'ban Andriani , Samosir Fransiska Timoria , Sa'diyah Lailatus 
Published: June 2024

<p>Researchers found that University of Dehasen Bengkulu postgraduate students strongly favored online resources when seeking information. These students utilized platforms such as Google Scholar and Unived journals to meet their research needs due to the extensive information requirements of their studies and the restricted library collection. The study uncovers a consistent pattern in their information-seeking behavior using a qualitative and descriptive approach. Students usually begin by selecting their sources and then dedicate approximately 1-2 hours each day to searching, comparing information, and monitoring updates. Tasks such as verifying and extracting information were frequently neglected. The study concludes that the students' search strategies consist of initiating, chaining, browsing, differentiating, and monitoring. When searching for information, the processes of extracting and verifying are often neglected due to being deemed insignificant. All students engage in the conclusion phase when finalizing their information search. Postgraduate students exhibit strong skills in selecting suitable information sources, choosing relevant sources, employing effective search strategies, critically evaluating information, and synthesizing information from diverse sources.</p><p><em>Banyaknya informasi yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa pascasarjana, menjadikan mahasiswa menjadi makhluk yang sangat membutuhkan informasi. Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Manajemen Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu melakukan pencarian sumber informasi sepenuhnya menggunakan internet, dikarenakan lebih efektif dan efisien serta tidak adanya koleksi di Perpustakaan Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mahasiswa pascasarjana melakukan pencarian informasi dengan memulai pencarian informasi dengan menentukan sumber informasi yang akan digunakan, melakukan pencarian melalui website google scholar dan jurnal Unived dengan menghabiskan waktu sekitar 1-2jam/hari, membandingkan informasi, memantau perkembangan sumber-sumber informasi, dan mengekstrak dan memverifikasi informasi di anggap tidak penting, serta mengakhiri pencarian informasi dengan mematikan komputer/handphone. Pada akhir pencarian mahasiswa mendapatkan informasi yang memuaskan selama pencarian informasi, dapat dikatakan bahwa starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, cenderung sama. Dalam pencarian informasi, extracting dan verifying tidak dilakukan karena dianggap tidak penting. Ending dilakukan oleh semua mahasiswa sebagai akhir dalam penyelesaian pencarian informasi. Mahasiswa pascasarjana menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam memilih sumber informasi yang tepat melalui sumber informasi yang mereka gunakan, mampu memilih sumber informasi yang relevan, menggunakan strategi pencarian informasi yang tepat, mampu mengevaluasi informasi dengan kritis, mampu mensistensi informasi dari berbagai sumber.</em></p>
INDONESIA-MALAYSIA’S LEGAL PROTECTION FOR BUSINESSES UNDER THE COD (CASH ON DELIVERY) PAYMENT SCHEME IN THE MARKETPLACE
Authors: Sugirman Andi , Waruwu Monaldus Fatiso , A Abdussalam , Ardiana Ulfa 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe COD (Cash on Delivery) can impact cash flow due to payment delays, especially for businesses with tight margins. In order to address the issue of business actors' legal protection when using COD as a payment mechanism in the marketplace, this paper seeks a solution. Research on laws and other relevant legal literature is done by the author as part of the normative juridical legal research approach used to write this publication. To make corporate operations more productive and efficient, Marketplace aims to reduce their unnecessary complexity. With the marketplace emerging, everyone may now purchase and sell goods and services with ease, at a low cost, and in a timely manner, as there are no restrictions on location, time, or distance. There are numerous payment methods available in the marketplace, one of which is COD (Cash on Delivery), which allows customers to pay directly on the spot when they receive the things they ordered. However, in practice, the parties who transact in the Marketplace frequently suffer significant losses, necessitating the existence of legal protection for the parties that transact in the Marketplace, both consumers and business entities, in order to protect their rights.