bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Two Categories of Parent Verbal Responsiveness to Later Language for Toddlers and Preschoolers on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Haebig Eileen , McDuffie Andrea , Ellis Weismer Susan 
Published: February 2013

Purpose
The authors examined longitudinal associations between 2 categories of parent verbal responsiveness and language comprehension and production 1 year later in 40 toddlers and preschoolers with a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method
Parent–child play samples using a standard toy set were digitally captured and coded for child engagement with objects and communication acts and for parent verbal responses to play and communication.

Results
After controlling for parent education, child engagement, and initial language level, only parent directives for language that followed into the child’s focus of attention accounted for unique variance in predicting both comprehension and production 1 year later. A series of exploratory analyses revealed that parent comments that followed into the child’s focus of attention also accounted for unique variance in later comprehension and production for children who were minimally verbal at the initial time period.

Conclusions
Child developmental level may warrant different types of linguistic input to facilitate language learning. Children with ASD who have minimal linguistic skills may benefit from parent language input that follows into the child’s focus of attention. Children with ASD who are verbally fluent may need more advanced language input to facilitate language development.
Toward Validation of a Minimal Competence Core of Morphosyntax for African American Children
Authors: Stockman Ida J. , Guillory Barbara , Seibert Marilyn , Boult Johanna 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe authors set out to determine (a) whether African American children's spontaneous spoken language met use criteria for a revised minimal competence core with original and added morphosyntactic patterns at different geographical locations, and (b) whether pass/fail status on this core was differentiated on other criterion measures of language maturity.MethodThe authors used a common set of activities and stimuli to elicit spontaneous speech samples from Head Start students, age 3;0 (years; months). The 119 participants were distributed at a northern (Lansing, MI) and a southern (Baton Rouge, LA) location.ResultsMore than 80% of the children at each location met criteria for 10 core competencies. They included sentence length, type, complexity, and morphosyntactic elaborations of sentences at the lexical, phrasal, and clausal levels. The 2 most significant predictors of pass/fail outcomes in a regression analysis were (a) clinical referral status and (b) the number of different words (NDW100) spoken in a speech sample.ConclusionA minimal competence core analyses of spontaneous oral language samples may help to identify delayed spoken grammars in African American children.
Response to Dynamic Language Tasks Among Typically Developing Latino Preschool Children With Bilingual Experience
Authors: Patterson Janet L. , Rodríguez Barbara L. , Dale Philip S. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether typically developing preschool children with bilingual experience show evidence of learning within brief dynamic assessment language tasks administered in a graduated prompting framework. Dynamic assessment has shown promise for accurate identification of language impairment in bilingual children, and a graduated prompting approach may be well-suited to screening for language impairment.

Method
Three dynamic language tasks with graduated prompting were presented to 32 typically developing 4-year-olds in the language to which the child had the most exposure (16 Spanish, 16 English). The tasks were a novel word learning task, a semantic task, and a phonological awareness task.

Results
Children’s performance was significantly higher on the last 2 items compared with the first 2 items for the semantic and the novel word learning tasks among children who required a prompt on the 1st item. There was no significant difference between the 1st and last items on the phonological awareness task.

Conclusions
Within-task improvements in children’s performance for some tasks administered within a brief, graduated prompting framework were observed. Thus, children’s responses to graduated prompting may be an indicator of modifiability, depending on the task type and level of difficulty.
Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Examination of Treatment Intensity and Practice Schedule
Authors: Wambaugh Julie L. , Nessler Christina , Cameron Rosalea , Mauszycki Shannon C. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose
The authors designed this investigation to extend the development of a treatment for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS)—sound production treatment (SPT)—by examining the effects of 2 treatment intensities and 2 schedules of practice.

Method
The authors used a multiple baseline design across participants and behaviors with 4 speakers with chronic AOS and aphasia. Accuracy of production of trained and untrained words in phrases served as the dependent measure. Participants received 4 permutations of SPT (i.e., intensive–blocked, intensive–random, traditional–blocked, and traditional–random) applied sequentially to different lists of words.

Results
Positive changes in accuracy of articulation were observed for all participants for all phases of treatment. Two participants had a slightly poorer response to the traditional–random application of treatment. However, no clinically meaningful differences were noted among treatment applications when follow-up data were considered.

Conclusions
Findings from this preliminary Phase II investigation suggest that similar outcomes may be achieved with SPT applied with different treatment intensities and different practice schedules. Extending treatment to achieve higher levels of accuracy may have improved maintenance effects, which may have revealed possible differences among conditions. In addition, overlap in methods used for random and blocked practice may have minimized distinctions between these conditions.
GROMACS 4.5: a high-throughput and highly parallel open source molecular simulation toolkit
Authors: Pronk Sander , Páll Szilárd , Schulz Roland , Larsson Per , Bjelkmar Pär , Apostolov Rossen , Shirts Michael R. , Smith Jeremy C. , Kasson Peter M. , van der Spoel David , Hess Berk , Lindahl Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMotivation: Molecular simulation has historically been a low-throughput technique, but faster computers and increasing amounts of genomic and structural data are changing this by enabling large-scale automated simulation of, for instance, many conformers or mutants of biomolecules with or without a range of ligands. At the same time, advances in performance and scaling now make it possible to model complex biomolecular interaction and function in a manner directly testable by experiment. These applications share a need for fast and efficient software that can be deployed on massive scale in clusters, web servers, distributed computing or cloud resources.Results: Here, we present a range of new simulation algorithms and features developed during the past 4 years, leading up to the GROMACS 4.5 software package. The software now automatically handles wide classes of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and comes with all commonly used force fields for these molecules built-in. GROMACS supports several implicit solvent models, as well as new free-energy algorithms, and the software now uses multithreading for efficient parallelization even on low-end systems, including windows-based workstations. Together with hand-tuned assembly kernels and state-of-the-art parallelization, this provides extremely high performance and cost efficiency for high-throughput as well as massively parallel simulations.Availability: GROMACS is an open source and free software available from http://www.gromacs.org.Contact: erik.lindahl@scilifelab.seSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characterizing coastal foodwebs with qualitative links to bridge the gap between the theory and the practice of ecosystem-based management
Authors: Carey Michael P. , Levin Phillip S. , Townsend Howard , Minello Thomas J. , Sutton Glen R. , Francis Tessa B. , Harvey Chris J. , Toft Jodie E. , Arkema Katie K. , Burke Jennifer L. , Kim Choong-Ki , Guerry Anne D. , Plummer Mark , Spiridonov Georgi , Ruckelshaus Mary 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Tools that integrate the complexity of natural systems are needed to facilitate ecosystem-based management (EBM). Loop analysis is an underutilized qualitative tool for EBM that uses information on foodweb links (e.g. predator–prey interactions) and the resulting pathways (cycles) through the foodweb to predict responses to press perturbations. We explore the utility of loop analysis related to management actions: increasing crab abundance and reducing eutrophication in coastal foodwebs. We found that crab-related management actions propagated through the foodweb, with positive and negative impacts. Several negatively impacted species support important fisheries; their declines illustrate the challenge of developing multispecies plans. In our analysis, the management actions decreasing eutrophication reduced most functional groups. However, these predictions were unreliable, suggesting indiscernible bottom-up effects in the foodwebs. Simultaneously managing for crab increases and reducing eutrophication created mostly decreasing abundances in other functional groups and reduced the predictability of the responses. The response to each management action suggests trade-offs between goals, and the qualitatively unreliable predictions could result from variation in the strength of species interactions or indicate knowledge gaps. EBM can benefit from both the explicit articulation of trade-offs and the identification of gaps in our understanding of these systems.
Influence of borehole‐eccentred tools on wireline and logging‐while‐drilling sonic logging measurements
Authors: Pardo David , Matuszyk Pawel J. , Torres‐Verdin Carlos , Mora Angel , Muga Ignacio , Calo Victor M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWe describe a numerical study to quantify the influence of tool‐eccentricity on wireline (WL) and logging‐while‐drilling (LWD) sonic logging measurements. Simulations are performed with a height‐polynomial‐adaptive (hp) Fourier finite‐element method that delivers highly accurate solutions of linear visco‐elasto‐acoustic problems in the frequency domain. The analysis focuses on WL instruments equipped with monopole or dipole sources and LWD instruments with monopole excitation. Analysis of the main propagation modes obtained from frequency dispersion curves indicates that the additional high‐order modes arising as a result of borehole‐eccentricity interfere with the main modes (i.e., Stoneley, pseudo‐Rayleigh and flexural). This often modifies (decreases) the estimation of shear and compressional formation velocities, which should be corrected (increased) to account for borehole‐eccentricity effects. Undesired interferences between different modes can occur at different frequencies depending upon the properties of the formation and fluid annulus size, which may difficult the estimation of the formation velocities.
Redfern as the Heart(h): Living (Black) in Inner Sydney
Authors: SHAW WENDY S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBefore the arrival of the ‘white fella’ over 200 years ago, the Gadigal people and others of the Eora Darug occupied the place where the city of Sydney now stands. At the heart of this second tier global city, the inner‐city suburb of Redfern has become a mainstay of urban Aboriginal identity. Yet, this troubled and stigmatised focal point of populist media representations and government policy does not reflect the diversity of urban Aboriginal life in inner Sydney. This paper draws on a range of sources about living in Redfern, from the difficult politics of establishing and retaining an Aboriginal urban space and place in the contemporary gentrifying city – achieved in large part through the establishment of now long‐standing service provision – through to the rise of alternate visions and lives and many more ‘ordinary’ ways of living in the city. This paper seeks to highlight that Aboriginal people variously inhabit, occupy, and sometimes thrive in Australia's first colonial city and the site of invasion. It also provides several of the author's personal experiences of engagement with some of these processes.
Genetic relationships between Oeneis urda and O. mongolica (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Kim Sung‐Soo , Wan Xinlong , Kim Min Jee , Kim Iksoo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe species status of Oeneis urda (Eversmann) and O. mongolica (Oberthür) has been argued based on morphological characters. Reexamination of their major morphological characters has shown a slight differentiation in the two species. Sequences of three mitochondrial genes (COI, ND6, and ND1) and one nuclear region (internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2) from two O. urda populations (Yangyang and Mt. Hanla) and one O. mongolica population (Uljin) were performed for phylogenetic and population genetic inferences. Sharing of identical sequences in the ND6 gene and ITS2, minimal sequence divergence in the COI and ND1 genes, and phylogenetically undividable sequence types in all mitochondrial genes and ITS2 suggest genetic continuity between the two species. Nevertheless, significant FST estimates (P < 0.05) were found for the COI gene in comparisons between Yangyang (O. urda) and Uljin (O. mongolica), between Yangyang (O. urda) and Mt. Hanla (O. urda), and between Uljin (O. mongolica) and Mt. Hanla (O. urda) populations. These FST estimates, along with other gene‐based analyses collectively suggest isolation of the two species at some point in the past, but incomplete separation between the two species on the mainland (Yangyang and Uljin) and biogeographically forced isolation of the O. urda population on Mt. Hanla collectively appear to complicate species status of these two species that were once further clearly separated.
Cytokine Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Gomes Caio Perez , Torloni Maria Regina , Gueuvoghlanian‐Silva Bárbara Yasmin , Alexandre Sandra Maria , Mattar Rosiane , Daher Silvia 
Published: February 2013

ProblemGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an inflammatory condition that involves unbalanced cytokine production. We carried out a systematic review on the relationship between GDM and maternal circulating levels of cytokines in the 2nd/3rd trimesters.Method of StudyThree electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS), were searched. Duplicate study selection, extraction and quality assessment was performed.ResultsTwenty‐two studies with 1982 participants reporting levels of 9 cytokines (IL‐1B, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐18, IFN‐G, TGF‐B and TNF‐A) were included. Most studies differed considerably in selection criteria, sampling and assay methods and in reporting their results. Consequently, only two studies could be pooled: TNF‐A concentration was slightly higher in GDM than in control patients, although not significant (WMD = 0.45, 95% CI −0.34–1.23).ConclusionsNew studies with well‐defined, more homogeneous methodological parameters are needed to detect whether there are significant differences in circulating levels of cytokines in patients with GDM.
Trends in obstetric anal sphincter injuries and associated risk factors for vaginal singleton term births in New South Wales 2001–2009
Authors: Ampt Amanda J , Ford Jane B , Roberts Christine L , Morris Jonathan M 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundChanges in clinical practice and in the characteristics of childbearing women have the potential to influence the rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). To date, little investigation has been undertaken to assess the effect of risk factor trends for the Australian population on OASIS rates.AimsTo ascertain the OASIS rates amongst singleton vaginal births ≥37 weeks gestation in NSW, 2001 – 2009; to determine risk factor effect sizes and trends; and to compare predicted with observed OASIS rates.MethodsUsing two linked population‐based data sets, risk factors for OASIS were determined by logistic regression. Contingency tables and predictive modelling were used to determine trends and predicted rates of OASIS, respectively.ResultsThe OASIS rate increased from 2.2% in 2001 to 2.9% in 2009. Highest risks were for forceps deliveries without episiotomy (primiparas aOR 6.10, multiparas aOR 6.15), followed by multiparas with no previous vaginal birth (aOR 5.61). High birthweight, vacuum delivery and Asian country of birth posed risks for all women. The greatest risk factor trends were increases in Asian country of birth and vacuum delivery, while the greatest trend amongst protective factors was an increase in maternal age ≥35 years for primiparas. Predicted OASIS rates were lower than observed rates.ConclusionIn an environment of changing demographic and clinical risk factors, the OASIS rate has increased. This increase is only minimally explained by the identified risk factors and may be related to other unmeasured risk factors or a possible increase in clinical ascertainment and/or documentation of OASIS.
A prediction model for viability at the end of the first trimester after a single early pregnancy evaluation
Authors: Oates Jennifer , Casikar Ishwari , Campain Anna , Müller Samuel , Yang Jean , Reid Shannon , Condous George 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveThe aim was to develop a new model to predict the outcome at the end of the 1st trimester after a single visit to the early pregnancy unit (EPU).MethodsProspective observational study in the EPU at Nepean Hospital, between November 2006 and February 2009. Data were collected from all women in the 1st trimester of their pregnancy who had a live intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) at the 1st transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS). 29 historical, clinical and ultrasound end points were recorded. Women were followed until the final diagnosis was established at the end of the 1st trimester: viability or nonviability. A multinomial logistic regression model was developed. The performance of this model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsData from 416 pregnancies were included: 92.1% were live beyond the 1st trimester, and 7.9% had miscarried. The most useful prognostic variables for developing the logistic regression model were gestational age by dates, vaginal (PV) bleeding, PV clots, gestational age by TVS, consistency with menstrual dates, mean gestational sac (GS) size, mean yolk sac (YS) size and number of previous caesarean sections. Used retrospectively on 416 women based on 25 imputations, the model gave an AUC of 0.88. Based on cross‐validation, the independent predictive power obtained an AUC of 0.78.ConclusionsWe have developed a new model to predict the outcome of the 1st trimester in women with live IUP at the 1st scan.
Simultaneous intradermal testing with hymenoptera venoms is safe and more efficient than sequential testing
Authors: Strohmeier B. , Aberer W. , Bokanovic D. , Komericki P. , Sturm G. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundAccording to current guidelines, skin testing for hymenoptera venom allergy should be performed in a stepwise manner, maintaining 15‐ to 20‐min intervals between the injections of venom. Given the long‐winded procedure of sequential skin testing, we retrospectively explored the safety of simultaneous intradermal testing.MethodsFour hundred and seventy‐eight consecutive patients with a convincing history of an anaphylactic reaction after a hymenoptera sting were tested. All venom concentrations (0.02 ml of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 μg/ml of honey bee and wasp venom) were administered simultaneously to the skin.ResultsFour hundred and seventy‐two (98.7%) patients tolerated the simultaneous intradermal test without any side‐effects. Only three subjects (0.6%) had a presumed allergic reaction during the test; another three reactions were considered vasovagal.ConclusionOur skin test protocol with four simultaneously injected concentrations of two hymenoptera venoms is safe and permits the investigator to draw rapid conclusions about the individual's sensitization pattern.
Exhaled nitric oxide in symptomatic children at preschool age predicts later asthma
Authors: Singer F. , Luchsinger I. , Inci D. , Knauer N. , Latzin P. , Wildhaber J. H. , Moeller A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrediction of asthma in young children with respiratory symptoms is hampered by the lack of objective measures applicable in clinical routine. In this prospective study in a preschool children cohort, we assessed whether the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a biomarker of airway inflammation, is associated with asthma at school age.MethodsAt baseline, IgE and eosinophils were measured in the blood, and FeNO was measured offline in 391 children aged 3–47 months with lower airway symptoms. We developed an asthma predictive index (API) including high FeNO as major criterion. At follow‐up, primary outcome was physician‐diagnosed asthma based on standardized interviews in those children reaching school age (n = 166).ResultsFeNO was significantly elevated in those children with later asthma (68/166) as compared to children not developing asthma. Median (IQR) FeNO was 10.5 (6.6–17.2) vs 7.4 (5.3–10.3) ppb. Per 5 ppb FeNO increase, the odds ratio (95% CI) for asthma increased by 2.44 (1.61–3.70) without changing when adjusting for confounders. Using the new API, children scored at risk had 58.0% probability for later asthma, whereas the negative predictive value was 78.2%, which was comparable to the classical API.ConclusionsIn this cohort of high‐risk preschool children, elevated FeNO is associated with increased risk for school‐age asthma. The new API including FeNO identifies children at risk of later asthma comparably to the classical API, but does not require blood sampling.
Pre‐pregnant body mass index, gestational weight gain and the risk of operative delivery
Authors: Morken Nils‐Halvdan , Klungsøyr Kari , Magnus Per , Skjærven Rolv 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the risk of operative delivery according to maternal pre‐pregnant body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain.DesignPopulation‐based pregnancy cohort study.SettingThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.SampleTerm singleton deliveries in cephalic presentation, excluding preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes, gestational diabetes and placenta previa (n = 50 416).MethodsRelative risks (RR) were obtained using general linear models.Main outcome measuresRR of operative vaginal delivery and cesarean section.ResultsOverweight and obese women had an increased risk of cesarean section, strongest for women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI >40 (RR: 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8–4.1). There was also an increased risk of vacuum extraction delivery for women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI >40 (RR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.04–2.2). Women with a gestational weight gain of ≥16 kg had a significantly increased risk of forceps, vacuum extraction and cesarean section (RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.03–1.4, RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.23 and RR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.26–1.4, respectively). Weight gain during pregnancy was significantly lower in obese women, but the children tended to be larger.ConclusionsObese women have an increased risk of operative delivery with vacuum extraction and cesarean section. Independently of pre‐pregnancy BMI, we found an increased risk of operative intervention during delivery for women with gestational weight gain above 16 kg.