bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotic discontinuation syndromes: A narrative review of the evidence and its integration into Australian mental health nursing textbooks
Authors: Salomon Carmela , Hamilton Bridget 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn light of the high number of people discontinuing antipsychotics each year, it is essential that nurses develop a robust understanding of all aspects of the discontinuation experience. While there is a large body of published work documenting post‐discontinuation relapse rates, less is known about other aspects of the discontinuation experience. This paper presents the results of a narrative review of international studies of antipsychotic discontinuation syndromes and their relevance to nursing practice. Four key mental health nursing textbooks used in student nurse education in Australia are examined to assess how this evidence has been incorporated into clinical recommendations. This review finds that the evidence for discontinuation syndromes could be more widely disseminated and applied than it is at present. Strikingly, this evidence has not been incorporated into key mental health nursing textbooks in Australia at all. Slow integration into nursing published work may be influenced by a number of clinical and research uncertainties. We consider the impact of this silence on key nursing roles of psycho‐education and adverse event monitoring during antipsychotic discontinuation periods. Further robust research should be conducted into discontinuation syndromes as a matter of urgency. Given the high number of consumers potentially impacted upon by discontinuation syndromes, nurse authors and educators should consider revising key nursing textbooks to include the currently available information about discontinuation syndromes.
The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Trust in Government
Authors: Nicholls Keith , Picou J. Steven 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo explore the impact Hurricane Katrina on citizens’ trust in government. Of primary interest is the relationship between poor governmental performance in the aftermath of the storm and low levels of political trust. In addition, levels of trust are related to respondents’ predictions regarding the time it will take their communities to recover.MethodsRelationships are investigated through an analysis of data from a survey of residents in the Katrina‐affected areas of Louisiana and Mississippi. For this initial exploration, bivariate analysis is used to elaborate relationships between measures of trust in government and the experiences and attitudes of survey respondents.ResultsAnalyses reveal interesting and significant relationships among the variables. Negative experiences during and after Hurricane Katrina are correlated with low levels of political trust. Also, low levels of trust are associated with pessimistic predictions of the time it will take communities to recover from the storm.ConclusionsGiven the importance of political trust for the long‐term health of the political system, it is critical that governments at all levels enhance their effectiveness in dealing with such disasters.
Radiology and pathology correlation in common infiltrative cardiomyopathies
Authors: Varzeshi Neda , Hansen Mark , Rezaee Amir , Dixon Natalie , Duhig Edwina , Slaughter Richard 
Published: December 2012

SummaryInfiltrative cardiomyopathies generally pose a diagnostic dilemma as current diagnostic tools are imprecise. Invasive endomyocardial biopsy is considered as the gold standard however it has some limitations. Recently cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is emerging as an excellent technique in diagnosing infiltrative cardiomyopathies and is increasingly being used. Characteristic pathologic and radiologic findings in most common infiltrative cardiomyopathies (amyloid, sarcoid and Fabry's) are discussed and correlated with relative CMR and histologic examples. There is fairly good correlation between the non‐invasive radiologic and the invasive histologic findings in common infiltrative cardiomyopathies. Non‐invasive CMR with its high sensitivity and specificity has an excellent role in establishing the diagnosis and improving the prognosis of common infiltrative cardiomyopathies.
Development of a Shelf‐Stable Omega–3‐Rich Bar
Authors: Ananthan Padmashree , Sharma Gopal kumar , Thimma Govindraj , Bawa Amarinder Singh 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOmega–3‐rich bar was developed using flax seed and walnut as sources of omega‐3‐fatty acids. Bars packed in polypropylene (PP, 75 μ), paper (42 GSM) aluminum foil (20 μ) polyethylene (PFP, 37.5 μ) and metalized polyester (12 μ) low‐density/linear low‐density (MP 150 μ) (with and without vacuum) films, were stored under ambient conditions and 37C. The bars packed in PP films spoiled with in 1 month, while those packed in PFP and MP films found stable for 3 months, and the one packed under vacuum in MP film remained stable and acceptable up to 5 months under ambient and 37C conditions. Chemical changes like PV, free fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid and browning index were found more in bars packed in PP films both at ambient conditions and 37C. Oleic acid was found to be the major fatty acid followed by linoleic acid having 2.8 g of omega‐3 fatty acid per 100 g bar.Practical ApplicationsOmega–3‐rich bar was prepared using flaxseed and walnut as the main source of omega‐3‐fatty acids to cater to the needs of consumers especially vegetarians. Foods rich in omega‐3‐fatty acids have proven to be beneficial in improving cardiovascular health, cognitive function, inflammatory problems etc. This bar can be described as a healthy, nutritious, calorie rich and a delicious sweet product.
High Submuscular Placement of Urologic Prosthetic Balloons and Reservoirs via Transscrotal Approach
Authors: Morey Allen F. , Cefalu Christopher A. , Hudak Steven J. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Traditional placement of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) reservoirs and/or artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) balloons into the space of Retzius may be challenging following major pelvic surgery.

Aim
The aim of this study is to report our 1-year experience using a novel technique for high balloon/reservoir placement beneath the rectus abdominus muscle, thus completely obviating deep pelvic dissection during prosthetic urologic surgery.

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients who underwent IPP and/or AUS placement between June 2011 and June 2012 was performed. All had AUS balloons and/or IPP reservoirs placed in a submuscular location by bluntly tunneling through the external inguinal ring into a potential space between the transversalis fascia and the rectus abdominus muscle using a long, angled, lung grasping clamp.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient demographics, perioperative outcomes, and initial follow-up patient-reported outcomes were reviewed.

Results
During the study period, 120 submuscular balloons/reservoirs were inserted in 107 consecutive patients who underwent placement of an IPP (61 patients), AUS (33 patients), or both (13 patients). Among our 48 most recent patients, 41 (85%) reported they were totally unable to feel their balloon/reservoir, and all but two patients reported no bother from the submuscular balloon/reservoir placement. Of the 120 total submuscular balloons and reservoirs, surgical time and outcomes of the prosthetic procedures appeared similar to those placed using traditional methods; two reservoirs required revision surgery for repositioning.

Conclusions
High submuscular placement of genitourinary prosthetic balloons and reservoirs via a transscrotal approach is both safely and effective, while avoiding deep retropubic dissection.
Perceived enactment of autonomy of nursing home residents: A German cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wulff Ines , Kölzsch Marita , Kalinowski Sonja , Kopke Kirsten , Fischer Thomas , Kreutz Reinhold , Dräger Dagmar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRecognizing the ageing of populations and expected increase in prevalence of dementia, the necessity of research involving persons with dementia is widely agreed upon. Autonomy is key to nursing home residents' well‐being and quality of life, but this phenomenon has not been thoroughly assessed from the residents' perspective. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate perceived autonomy of nursing home residents. Data on 560 randomly selected residents in 40 nursing homes in two German federal states were generated by face‐to‐face interviews, psychological and physical assessments, analysis of nursing records, and acquisition of institutional parameters. This paper reports on a subsample (n = 179) that met screening requirements, including subjects with and without mild cognitive impairment (Mini Mental Status Examination score 30–18), who completed the Hertz Perceived Enactment of Autonomy Scale (HPEAS). The mean score of HPEAS was 101.1 ± 14.5 (range 54–122). In our population, Cronbach's alpha was 0.89. Scores in HPEAS were not related to demographical factors but positively associated with increasing self‐efficacy and absence of pain. The novel findings contribute to an understanding of autonomy from the residents' perspective.
Effects of peat and water quality parameters on groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Shamim , Kurosawa Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTo clarify the effect of peat and groundwater quality parameters on groundwater arsenic (As) contamination, As concentrations and the source of nitrogen (N) in groundwater and peat, and oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) and ammonium‐N concentration of groundwater were compared between As‐contaminated and uncontaminated areas in Bangladesh. Groundwater in the contaminated area had a reducing ORP with a high ammonium‐N concentration, whereas groundwater in the uncontaminated area had a non‐reducing ORP with a low ammonium‐N concentration. Peat was present only in the contaminated area, whose As concentration was very high, indicating the critical role of peat in groundwater As contamination. The source of N in peat and groundwater was identified as chemical N fertilizer. N present in peat and groundwater served as a nutrient, enhancing microbial activity. In the reducing ORP condition, As was thought to be released intensively to groundwater by the mechanism of reductive release.
Hypokalaemia and refractory asystole complicating diabetic ketoacidosis, lessons for prevention
Authors: Abdulaziz Salman , Dabbagh Ousama , Al Daker Mohamed Ousama , Hassan Imad 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe report a unique case of diabetic ketoacidosis in which a relatively low potassium level on admission was associated with consequent life-threatening and refractory arrhythmia secondary to inappropriate use of intravenous insulin and bicarbonate therapy. The latter was reversed by rapid bolus potassium injection. Although we do not advocate this approach in every case, we emphasise that a bolus injection of potassium may be life saving in such cases. The lessons from this case have led to multidisciplinary meetings and modification of the institute's diabetic ketoacidosis clinical pathway.
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Contemporary Practice
Authors: Herrmann Joerg , Lennon Ryan J. , Barsness Gregory W. , Sandhu Gurpreet S. , Gulati Rajiv , Best Patricia J.M. , Sorajja Paul , Bresnahan John F. , Mathew Verghese , Bell Malcolm R. , Prasad Abhiram 
Published: December 2012

Background—
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been identified as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Whether hsCRP is a useful biomarker for risk stratification in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

We conducted a prospective study among 513 patients undergoing non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and examined the relationship between pre- and postprocedural hsCRP levels and outcomes. The patients were divided according to the median preprocedural hsCRP level (0.3 mg/dL). Patients with high hsCRP had significantly more adverse clinical characteristics. Preprocedural hsCRP level was an independent predictor of periprocedural myocardial infarction (odds ratio per doubling of hsCRP 1.15 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.31];
P
=0.038). Unadjusted mortality (29.7% versus 9.9%;
P
<0.001) and the combined end point of death or myocardial infarction (36.5% versus 16.0%,
P
<0.001) during a follow-up of 5 years were markedly greater in patients with high preprocedural hsCRP. Similar relationships existed for postprocedural hsCRP. However, after multivariable adjustment, neither preprocedural hsCRP levels (hazard ratio per doubling 0.96 [0.92, 1.00];
P
=0.066) nor postprocedural hsCRP levels (hazard ratio 0.98 [0.94, 1.02];
P
=0.27) were significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusions—
High hsCRP is associated with a greater independent risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction, as defined by the universal definition, but is not an independent determinant of mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. Our findings suggest that routine measurement of hsCRP in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in contemporary practice is unlikely to be beneficial.
Cost-Effectiveness of Hub-and-Spoke Telestroke Networks for the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke From the Hospitals’ Perspectives
Authors: Switzer Jeffrey A. , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Xie Jipan , Fan Liangyi , Villa Kathleen F. , Wu Eric Q. 
Published: December 2012

Background—
A hub-and-spoke telestroke network is an effective way to extend quality acute stroke care to remote hospitals and to improve patient outcomes. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of a telestroke network in the management of acute ischemic stroke from the perspectives of a network, a hub hospital, and a spoke hospital.

Methods and Results—
A model was developed to compare costs and effectiveness with and without a telestroke network over a 5-year time horizon. The model considered differences in rates of teleconsultations, intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular stroke therapies, and spoke-to-hub transfers. These inputs were estimated through the use of data from Georgia Health Sciences University and Mayo Clinic telestroke networks. A network model with 1 hub and 7 spokes predicted that 45 more patients would be treated with intravenous thrombolysis and 20 more with endovascular stroke therapies per year compared with no network, leading to an estimate of 6.11 more home discharges. Each year, a telestroke network was associated with $358 435 in cost savings; each spoke had $109 080 in cost savings, whereas the hub had positive costs of $405 121. However, cost sharing can be arranged so that each hospital could achieve an equal amount of cost savings ($44 804/y). Results were sensitive to the number of spokes, marginal treatment costs in spokes and rates of transfer, and endovascular stroke therapies.

Conclusions—
The results of this study suggest that a telestroke network may increase the number of patients discharged home and reduce the costs borne by the network hospitals. Hospitals should consider their available resources and the network features when deciding whether to join or set up a network.
DWI-ASPECTS as a Predictor of Dramatic Recovery After Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Administration in Patients With Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Aoki Junya , Kimura Kazumi , Shibazaki Kensaku , Sakamoto Yuki 
Published: December 2012

Background and Purpose—
In patients with middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion we investigated whether the diffusion-weighted imaging- the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI-ASPECTS) predicts short-term neurological recovery after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator administration, and investigated how DWI-ASPECTS relates to clinical outcome.

Methods—
Dramatic recovery was defined as a ≥10-point reduction or a total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 0 to 1 at 24 hours and 7 days. Early recanalization was defined as recanalization within 1 hours after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Favorable outcome at 3 months was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2.

Results—

Sixty-six patients (median age [interquartile], 79 [70–85] years, male; 34 [52%]) were enrolled. DWI-ASPECTS was 6 (5–9). Dramatic recovery was seen in 16 (24%) and 26 (39%) patients at 24 hours and on day 7, respectively. Early recanalization occurred in 22 (33%) patients. DWI-ASPECTS ≥7 was an independent predictor of dramatic recovery at 24 hours (odds ratio, 100.85; 95% confidence interval, 4.29–2371.40;
P
=0.004) and 7 days (odds ratio, 14.15; 95% confidence interval, 2.21–90.48;
P
=0.005). Although the favorable outcome rate was not significantly different between patients with DWI-ASPECTS ≥7 with and without early recanalization (60% versus 31%;
P
=0.228), it was statistically more frequent in patients with DWI-ASPECTS <7 with early recanalization than those without early recanalization (38% versus 0%;
P
=0.017).

Conclusions—
DWI-ASPECTS predicted short-term recovery in patients with middle cerebral artery trunk occlusion receiving intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. In patients with lower DWI-ASPECTS, there may still be benefit from early recanalization.
Intracranial Steno-Occlusive Arterial Disease and its Associations in Egyptian Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Moustafa Ramez Reda , Moneim Amr Abdel , Salem Haitham Hamdy , Shalash Ali Soliman , Azmy Hosam Ahmed 
Published: December 2012

Background and Purpose—
Intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disease is prevalent among non-white populations. We explored whether a similar pattern exists in Egyptians and assessed its clinical-radiological associations.

Methods—
Consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited for 6 months and had magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography of brain within 2 days of the event. Magnetic resonance angiography was analyzed for significant stenosis (>50%), flow gaps, and complete occlusions in the major intracranial arteries.

Results—

A total of 143 patients completed the study (62.4±12.6 years, 58.7% males). Magnetic resonance angiography showed symptomatic arterial stenosis in 27.3%, asymptomatic stenosis in 16.1%, and occlusions in 23.7% patients. Carotid duplex showed stenosis >70% in only 7.7% patients. Patients with intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disease had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Score at admission (10.9±7 versus 8±5.6;
P
=0.01).

Conclusion—
Symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disease was prevalent in this Egyptian acute stroke sample. This might have important implications on stroke management in this population.
Observational Evidence for Oceanic Forcing of Atmospheric Variability in the Nordic Seas Area
Authors: Schlichtholz Pawel 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Substantial predictability of the wintertime atmospheric variability in the Nordic (Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian and Barents) seas region is reported based on oceanic observations and atmospheric reanalysis data. In particular, about 60% of the variance of the winter (December–March) regional average surface air temperature (SAT) and early-winter (November–February) zonal geostrophic winds over the western Barents Sea Opening (BSO) area in the period 1982–2006 is explained by the previous summer (June–September) Atlantic water temperature (AWT) anomalies in this area. The atmospheric response to oceanic heat anomalies mainly occurs in the marginal ice zone (MIZ), where the sea ice and corresponding surface heat flux (SHF) anomalies should be triggered by entrainment of subsurface heat anomalies into the deepening mixed layer and sustained through winter by anomalous oceanic heat transport. The latter should be caused by geostrophic current anomalies forced by anomalous ocean Ekman suction and/or onshore Ekman transport appearing as a feedback from the oceanically driven anomalous atmospheric circulation. The wintertime atmospheric links to the previous summer’s AWT anomalies in the BSO area reflect to a large extent a climate feedback from reemerging, atmospherically driven sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Indeed, about 70% of the variance of the winter average SAT over the Nordic seas and winter average surface wind vorticity in the MIZ area in the 1982–2006 (or extended 1982–2011) period is explained by the previous early-spring (February–May) SST anomalies in the open water area and the previous late-winter (January–April) SHF anomalies at the Barents Sea ice edge, respectively.
Constructed Analogs and Linear Regression
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , DelSole Timothy 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The constructed analog procedure produces a statistical forecast that is a linear combination of past predictand values. The weights used to form the linear combination depend on the current predictor value and are chosen so that the linear combination of past predictor values approximates the current predictor value. The properties of the constructed analog method have previously been described as being distinct from those of linear regression. However, here the authors show that standard implementations of the constructed analog method give forecasts that are identical to linear regression forecasts. A consequence of this equivalence is that constructed analog forecasts based on many predictors tend to suffer from overfitting just as in linear regression. Differences between linear regression and constructed analog forecasts only result from implementation choices, especially ones related to the preparation and truncation of data. Two particular constructed analog implementations are shown to correspond to principal component regression and ridge regression. The equality of linear regression and constructed analog forecasts is illustrated in a Niño-3.4 prediction example, which also shows that increasing the number of predictors results in low-skill, high-variance forecasts, even at long leads, behavior typical of overfitting. Alternative definitions of the analog weights lead naturally to nonlinear extensions of linear regression such as local linear regression.
The 8 May 2009 Superderecho: Analysis of a Real-Time Explicit Convective Forecast
Authors: Weisman Morris L. , Evans Clark , Bosart Lance 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Herein, an analysis of a 3-km explicit convective simulation of an unusually intense bow echo and associated mesoscale vortex that were responsible for producing an extensive swath of high winds across Kansas, southern Missouri, and southern Illinois on 8 May 2009 is presented. The simulation was able to reproduce many of the key attributes of the observed system, including an intense [~100 kt (51.4 m s−1) at 850 hPa], 10-km-deep, 100-km-wide warm-core mesovortex and associated surface mesolow associated with a tropical storm–like reflectivity eye. A detailed analysis suggests that the simulated convection develops north of a weak east–west lower-tropospheric baroclinic zone, at the nose of an intensifying low-level jet. The system organizes into a north–south-oriented bow echo as it moves eastward along the preexisting baroclinic zone in an environment of large convective available potential energy (CAPE) and strong tropospheric vertical wind shear. Once the system moves east of the low-level jet and into an environment of weaker CAPE and weaker vertical wind shear, it begins an occlusion-like phase, producing a pronounced comma-shaped reflectivity echo with an intense warm-core mesovortex at the head of the comma. During this phase, a deep strip of cyclonic vertical vorticity located on the backside of the bow echo consolidates into a single vortex core. A notable weakening of the low-level convectively generated cold pool also occurs during this phase, perhaps drawing parallels to theories of tropical cyclogenesis wherein cold convective downdrafts must be substantially mitigated for subsequent system intensification.