bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The head–shaft angle of the hip in early childhood
Authors: van der List J. P. , Witbreuk M. M. , Buizer A. I. , A. van der Sluijs J. 
Published: September 2015

The recognition of hips at risk of displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a difficult problem for the orthopaedic surgeon. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and head–shaft angle (HSA) are prognostic factors for hip displacement. However, reference values for HSA are lacking. This study describes and compares the development of HSA in normal hips and children with CP. We selected 33 children from a retrospective cohort with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) (five boys, 28 girls) and 50 children (35 boys, 15 girls) with CP with GMFCS levels II to V. HSA of normal developing hips was measured at the contralateral hip of unilateral DDH children (33 hips) and HSA of CP children was measured in both hips (100 hips). Measurements were taken from the radiographs of the children at age two, four and seven years. The normal hip HSA decreased by 2° per year (p < 0.001). In children with CP with GMFCS levels II and III HSA decreased by 0.6° (p = 0.046) and 0.9° (p = 0.049) per year, respectively. The HSA did not alter significantly in GMFCS levels IV and V. Between the ages of two and eight years, the HSA decreases in normal hips and CP children with GMFCS level, II to III but does not change in GMFCS levels IV to V. As HSA has a prognostic value for hip displacement, these reference values may help the orthopaedic surgeon to predict future hip displacement in children with CP. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1291–5.
Isolated revision of an acetabular component to a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing in patients under 50 years of age
Authors: Kim Y-H. , Park J-W. , Kim J-S. 
Published: September 2015

A number of studies have reported satisfactory results from the isolated revision of an acetabular component. However, many of these studies reported only the short- to intermediate-term results of heterogeneous bearing surfaces in a mixed age group.We present our experience of using a ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing for isolated revision of an uncemented acetabular component in 166 patients (187 hips) who were under the age of 50 years at the time of revision. There were 78 men and 88 women with a mean age of 47.4 years (28 to 49). The most common reason for revision was polyethylene wear and acetabular osteolysis in 123 hips (66%), followed by aseptic loosening in 49 hips (26%).We report the clinical and radiological outcome, complication rate, and survivorship of this group. The mean duration of follow-up was 15.6 years (11 to 19).The mean pre-operative Harris hip score was 33 points (1 to 58), and improved to a mean of 88 points (51 to 100) at follow-up. The mean pre-operative total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score was 63.2 (43 to 91) and improved to 19.8 points (9 to 61) post-operatively. Overall, 153 of 166 patients (92%) were satisfied with their outcome. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis, with revision or radiological evidence of implant failure (13 patients, 8%) as end-points, was 92% at 15 years (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.97).Isolated revision of a cementless acetabular component using a CoC bearing gives good results in patients under 50 years of age.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1197–1203.
Arthroscopic fixation of an avulsion fracture of the tibia involving the posterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Chen L. B. , Wang H. , Tie K. , Mohammed A. , Qi Y. J. 
Published: September 2015

A total of 22 patients with a tibial avulsion fracture involving the insertion of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) with grade II or III posterior laxity were reduced and fixed arthroscopically using routine anterior and double posteromedial portals. A double-strand Ethibond suture was inserted into the joint and wrapped around the PCL from anterior to posterior to secure the ligament above the avulsed bony fragment. Two tibial bone tunnels were created using the PCL reconstruction guide, aiming at the medial and lateral borders of the tibial bed. The ends of the suture were pulled out through the bone tunnels and tied over the tibial cortex between the openings of the tunnels to reduce and secure the bony fragment. Satisfactory reduction of the fracture was checked arthroscopically and radiographically.The patients were followed-up for a mean of 24.5 months (19 to 28). Bone union occurred six weeks post-operatively. At final follow-up, all patients had a negative posterior drawer test and a full range of movement. KT-1000 arthrometer examination showed that the mean post-operative side-to-side difference improved from 10.9 mm (standard deviation (sd) 0.7) pre-operatively to 1.5 mm (sd 0.6) (p = 0.001). The mean Tegner and the International Knee Documentation Committee scores improved significantly (p = 0.001). The mean Lysholm score at final follow-up was 92.0 (85 to 96).We conclude that this technique is convenient, reliable and minimally invasive and successfully restores the stability and function of the knee.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1220–5.
Informed consent
Authors: Foy M. A. 
Published: September 2015

A recent Supreme Court ruling in the United Kingdom has significantly altered the emphasis of informed consent, moving from a historically ‘doctor-focused’ to a more ‘patient-focused’ approach, in line with the situation in other international jurisdictions. The reasons for the change are discussed with some recommendations about how our attitudes need to change in the future. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1159–61.
The evolution of head structures in lower Diptera
Authors: Schneeberg Katharina , Beutel Rolf G 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe head of adult dipterans is mainly characterized by modifications and more or less far-reaching reductions of the mouthparts (e.g., mandibles and maxillae), linked with the specialization on liquid food and the reduced necessity to process substrates mechanically. In contrast, the compound eyes and the antennae, sense organs used for orientation and for finding a suitable mating partner and oviposition site, are well developed. Some evolutionary novelties are specific adaptations to feeding on liquefied substrates, such as labellae with furrows or pseudotracheae on their surface, and the strongly developed pre– and postcerebral pumping apparatuses. In some dipteran groups specialized on blood, the mandibles are still present as piercing stylets. They are completely reduced in the vast majority of families. Within the group far-reaching modifications of the antennae take place, with a strongly reduced number of segments and a specific configuration in Brachycera. The feeding habits and mouthparts of dipteran larvae are much more diverse than in the adults. The larval head is prognathous and fully exposed in the dipteran groundplan and most groups of lower Diptera. In Tipuloidea and Brachycera it is partly or largely retracted, and the sclerotized elements of the external head capsule are partly or fully reduced. The larval head of Cyclorrhapha is largely reduced. A complex and unique feature of this group is the cephaloskeleton. The movability of the larvae is limited due to the lack of thoracic legs. This can be partly compensated by the mouthparts, which are involved in locomotion in different groups. The mouth hooks associated with the cyclorrhaphan cephaloskeleton provide anchorage in the substrate.
Análise numérica da flambagem térmica em placas finas de aço
Authors: Helbig Daniel , Michaello Roberta Da Silva , Dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Real Mauro De Vasconcellos , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Isoldi Liércio André 
Published: September 2015

Placas finas de aço são elementos estruturais muito utilizados em diversas aplicações de engenharia, como em plataformas offshore, pontes, navios, aviões e automóveis. Porém, em algumas situações específicas as placas podem sofrer flambagem térmica, que é uma deflexão lateral causada simplesmente por um aumento de temperatura (variação crítica de temperatura). Este artigo utilizou um modelo computacional desenvolvido no software ANSYS, que é baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), para tratar o problema da flambagem térmica em placas. O modelo numérico foi verificado através da comparação de seus resultados com a solução analítica do problema. Foram analisadas placas com diferentes relações de <em>H</em>/<em>L</em>, sendo <em>H</em> a altura e <em>L</em> o comprimento da placa. Além disso, diferentes espessuras para a placa foram também consideradas. Os resultados indicam que o aumento da variação crítica de temperatura está relacionado tanto ao aumento da relação <em>H</em>/<em>L</em> como também com o aumento da espessura da placa.
Modelagem computacional aplicada à flambagem elástica de colunas
Authors: Alonso Renata Costa de Almeida , Lima Diego Souza de , Gomes Matheus , Real Mauro De Vasconcellos , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Isoldi Liércio André 
Published: September 2015

<p>Flambagem é um fenômeno de instabilidade que ocorre em elementos estruturais esbeltos submetidos à carregamento de compressão. A flambagem elástica é caracterizada por uma repentina deflexão lateral do membro estrutural esbelto, quando a carga crítica de flambagem é atingida. Em colunas a flambagem elástica é considerada o colapso da estrutura. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar três diferentes modelos computacionais para tratar a flambagem elástica de colunas. O software ANSYS, que é baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), foi adotado para desenvolver esses modelos, empregando os elementos BEAM189, SHELL93 e SOLID45. As condições de contorno e a carga compressiva devem ser aplicadas de maneira específica em cada modelo, dependendo das características do elemento finito. As seguintes condições de contorno para a coluna foram consideradas: (a) birrotulada, (b) engastada-livre, (c) biengastada e (d) engastada-rotulada. As soluções analíticas, para as condições de contorno consideradas, foram usadas para a verificação dos modelos computacionais empregados. Todos os resultados numéricos obtidos estão em concordância com os analíticos, sendo a maior diferença encontrada de 2,83 %. Além disso, as formas flambadas das colunas obtidas numericamente também estão de acordo com as configurações teóricas. A vantagem para o uso dos modelos computacionais desenvolvidos com os elementos finitos SHELL93 e SOLID45 é a possibilidade de analisar colunas com furos ou com geometrias complexas. </p><div> </div>
Desenvolvimento de um jogo sério para ensino sobre a elaboração, operação e manutenção de plantas industriais.
Authors: Barbat Mauro Medeiros , Dutra Nilo Cesar , Adamatti Diana Francisca , Werhli Adriano Velasque 
Published: September 2015

<p>A necessidade de desenvolvimento de ferramentas que auxiliem o educador no processo pedagógico e incentivem o aluno a manter-se atraído pelo assunto em pauta é de grande importância. Com base neste tema, este trabalho tem o propósito de desenvolver um jogo sério do tipo simulador, capaz de ser utilizado<br />por estudantes do ensino médio e superior, incentivando o aprendizado de tópicos de física e automação industrial, através da elaboração e experimentação de plantas industriais. Desta forma, proporcionando aos alunos um ambiente interativo para o estudo de fenômenos envolvidos em processos industriais que necessitem de demonstrações e ensaios práticos.</p>
Supply Chain Control: A Theory of Vertical Integration
Authors: Ursino Giovanni 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Improving a company’s bargaining position is often cited as a chief motivation to vertically integrate with suppliers. This paper expands on that view in building a new theory of vertical integration. In my model firms integrate to gain bargaining power against other suppliers in the production process. The cost of integration is a loss of flexibility in choosing the most suitable suppliers for a particular final product. I show that the firms who make the most specific investments in the production process have the greatest incentive to integrate. The theory provides novel insights into the understanding of numerous stylized facts such as the effect of financial development on the vertical structure of firms, the observed pattern from FDI to outsourcing in international trade, and the effect of technological obsolescence on organizations.
Pharmacokinetics of a novel dosing regimen of oral melatonin in critically ill patients
Authors: Bellapart Judith , Roberts Jason Alexander , Appadurai Vinesh , Wallis Steven C. , Nuñez-Nuñez Maria , Boots Robert James 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLoss of circadian rhythms and reduced concentrations of endogenous melatonin are common in critically ill patients. After exogenous administration, supra-physiological concentrations in serum are only ephemeral, which may explain the absence of significant therapeutic effect on sleep. The aim of this study is to describe the pharmacokinetics of enteral melatonin in critically ill patients administered in a novel regimen aiming to simulate endogenous release.Thirteen patients in the recovery phase of critical illness were randomised to receive enteral melatonin or placebo. In the melatonin group, a total of 6 mg was administered as solution through their feeding tube, commencing with a 3 mg loading dose at 9 pm and six subsequent 0.5 mg doses hourly. The placebo was administered using a similar regimen. Serial blood samples were taken and measured using a validated chromatographic method. The concentration-time data for serum melatonin concentrations were described using non-linear mixed-effects modelling.The observed concentrations in the melatonin patients were significantly higher than that observed in the placebo patients. The concentrations in the patients administered melatonin were also higher than endogenous melatonin concentrations previously reported in non-critically ill patients. The patients administered melatonin had a mean clearance, volume of distribution and absorption rate constant of melatonin was 55.2 L/h, 767 L and 0.76 hExogenous administration of melatonin with a loading dose of 3 mg followed by an hourly dose of 0.5 mg demonstrates good oral bioavailability and results in supra-physiological and sustained concentrations of serum melatonin during 12 h overnight.
Grain boundary anodic phases affecting environmental damage
Authors: Vasudevan A.K. , Sadananda K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Stress corrosion characterization is analyzed in two alloys, 5083 and binary AL-3Li, both having anodic grain boundary precipitates. The 5083 commercial alloy forms AL3Mg2 (β phase), whereas the AL-3Li alloys have ALLi (δ phase). These are intermetallic phases that form on the grain boundaries and grow in size and area fraction with heat treatment time. When exposed to the NaCl solution, they anodically dissolve and form grain boundary cracks under an applied stress. A brief electrochemical description of these phases reacting with NaCl solution is described. The crack initiation occurs when the appropriate local environmental conditions at the crack tip and stress state is established. Overall, crack initiation mechanism seems to be a combination of mostly anodic dissolution coupled with hydrogen-assisted cracking.
Environmentally assisted cracking and hydrogen diffusion in traditional and high-strength pipeline steels
Authors: Cabrini Marina , Lorenzi Sergio , Pellegrini Simone , Pastore Tommaso 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article deals with the risk of environmentally assisted cracking of steel structures that are kept under cathodic protection (CP). The experimental results collected on both hydrogen diffusion and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels under CP are discussed. Hydrogen diffusion was evaluated by permeation experiments and a scanning photoelectrochemical current technique, as a function of microstructure orientation, on both loaded and unloaded specimens. HE tests were carried out under constant load, slow strain rate (SSR tests), and slow bending conditions. Tests were also carried out on several grades of HSLA steel having different microstructures. The results confirm that HE in artificial seawater under CP can occur in steel with tensile yield strength in the range of 400–660 MPa only in the presence of high cathodic polarization and continuous plastically straining conditions. HE susceptibility increased with increasing applied cathodic polarization and with decreasing strain rate. HE susceptibility of the rolled steels at relatively high strain rate (10-4to 10-5s-1) increased with the hydrogen diffusion coefficient. Similar results were observed in terms of the HE contribution to corrosion fatigue crack growth rate. High-temperature-tempered martensitic steels showed a lower HE susceptibility.
Are pregnant women safer in motor vehicle accidents?
Authors: Miller Netanella , Biron-Shental Tal , Peleg Kobi , Fishman Ami , Olsha Oded , Givon Adi , Kessel Boris 
Published: September 2015

Abstract: Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a major incidental cause of pregnancy-associated maternal deaths in the US. The goal of this research was to evaluate the incidence, risks, and fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnant women involved in MVAs. In addition, we examined the relationship between the injury severity score (ISS) and car seat location in pregnant and non-pregnant women.: This involved a retrospective cohort study of female patients who were involved in MVAs and hospitalized between the years 2006 and 2013. Data were collected from the Israeli National Trauma Registry. Severity and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with blunt trauma were compared.: In this study, 3794 pregnant and 3441 non-pregnant patients aged 18–40 years were analyzed. The majority of pregnant patients were drivers (n=2515, 67%) as opposed to passengers (n=1279, 33%). Pregnant patients had lower ISS than non-pregnant patients (P<0.001). Out of these pregnant patients, 38 (1%) had adverse maternal-fetal pregnancy outcomes, including (1) placental abruption 0.1% and (2) miscarriage (0.2%). One pregnant patient died (0.03%) compared with 32 (0.93%) of the non-pregnant patients (P<0.0001). A significant negative correlation between gestational age and spontaneous abortion was found (P<0.009).The severity of injury and the mortality rate of pregnant patients involved in MVAs are significantly lower compared with non-pregnant patients. Pregnant drivers had a significantly lower severity of trauma compared with pregnant passengers.
Is there any relationship between serum sirtuin-1 level and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in hyperemesis gravidarum?
Authors: Caglayan Emel Kiyak , Engin-Ustun Yaprak , Gocmen Ayşe Yesim , Sarı Nagihan , Seckin Levent , Kara Mustafa , Polat Muhammed Fevzi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) level and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).Overall, 90 patients who presented with pregnancy between August 2013 and November 2014 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with HG (n=45) and patients without HG (control group [C]; n=45). The patients with comorbid conditions other than pregnancy (disease or medication) were excluded. In all patients, demographic data including age, body mass index (BMI), gestational week, and smoking status were recorded. Blood samples were drawn for complete blood count and measurements of blood lipid, liver enzymes, serum SIRT1, and insulin levels. NLR was calculated from CBC.No significant differences were detected in age, BMI, or GA between groups (P>0.05). Serum SIRT1 and NLR were found to be significantly higher in patients with HG compared with those in the control group (P=0.001 and 0.006, respectively).In HG, both SIRT1 level and NLR increased. In HG, this occurred as a response to metabolic alterations and potential inflammation.
Factors associated with choice of delivery with or without epidural analgesia among laboring women: a cross-sectional survey at a tertiary care hospital of a developing country
Authors: Ismail Samina , Abbasi Shemila , Khan Sobia , Monem Abdul , Afshan Gauhar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAims:The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors responsible for epidural analgesia (EA) refusal among parturient patients.Methods:In this prospective cross-sectional study of six months, we included all consenting postpartum patients having a non-operative delivery in the obstetric unit of our hospital. Data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire and included information such as parity, education, reasons for delivering with or without EA, source of information and patient satisfaction. Knowledge regarding EA was assessed from patients delivering without EA.Results:From 933 patients enrolled, 730 (78.2%) delivered without EA, and 203 (21.7%) with EA. Only 11 (1.5%) patients refused EA for the reason of having natural birth process. Otherwise common reasons were misconceptions (65.9%) and lack of awareness about EA (20.5%); 70.5% had no knowledge of common side effects of EA. Among patients delivering with EA, 92.6% were offered EA by health care providers and had obstetricians and anesthesiologists as their sources of information.Conclusions:Patients in developing countries are laboring without EA, even in centers where there is a provision for it. The main reasons for not availing themselves of EA are lack of awareness and knowledge and misconceptions, rather than the desire to have un-medicated natural birth.
Kennen Sie Ihr Labor? Ein Weg zur Selbstbewertung in medizinischen Laboratorien nach dem EFQM-Modell
Authors: Petersmann Astrid , Baum Hannsjörg , Bietenbeck Andreas , Braun Siegmund L. , Fabricius Hans-Åke , Freytag Claudia Christine , Gottschall Katharina , Hansen Carmen , Hiefinger-Schindlbeck Renate , Hubmann Michael , Kerkin Sandra , Lamp Sophia , Masch Helga , Montanus Georg , Nordmann Stephan , Otte Klaus-Martin , Patscheke Heinrich , Peetz Dirk , Pick Karl-Heinz , Rünz Thilo , Schäfer-Lüdtke Helga , Schüller Mario , Schwenz Britt , Sommerhoff Benedikt , Sonntag Oswald , Stein Wolfgang , Streichert Thomas , Vogt Wolfgang , Wiegel Bernhard , Winter Theresa , Zabel Lutz , Nauck Matthias 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung:
INQUAM e.V. fördert den Excellencegedanken und unterstützt medizinische Laboratorien auf dem Weg zur ersten Stufe des European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM)-Excellence Modells „Committed to Excellence“ mit der angepassten Selbstbewertungsmatrix für medizinische Laboratorien.
Reliability and accuracy in the space Lp
(T) for the calculation of integrals depending on a parameter by the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Kozachenko Yuriy V. , Mlavets Yuriy Y. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the estimation of the accuracy and reliability (in Lp
(T) metrics) for the calculation of improper integrals depending on a parameter t using the Monte Carlo method. For this estimates we use the theory of 𝐅ψ(Ω) spaces.