bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the genetic risk for schizophrenia: History of the evidence for sex‐specific and sex‐dependent effects
Authors: Goldstein Jill M. , Cherkerzian Sara , Tsuang Ming T. , Petryshen Tracey L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough there is a long history to examinations of sex differences in the familial (and specifically, genetic) transmission of schizophrenia, there have been few investigators who have systematically and rigorously studied this issue. This is true even in light of population and clinical studies identifying significant sex differences in incidence, expression, neuroanatomic and functional brain abnormalities, and course of schizophrenia. This review highlights the history of work in this arena from studies of family transmission patterns, linkage and twin studies to the current molecular genetic strategies of large genome‐wide association studies. Taken as a whole, the evidence supports the presence of genetic risks of which some are sex‐specific (i.e., presence in one sex and not the other) or sex‐dependent (i.e., quantitative differences in risk between the sexes). Thus, a concerted effort to systematically investigate these questions is warranted and, as we argue here, necessary in order to fully understand the etiology of schizophrenia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of genetic risk severity with ADHD clinical characteristics
Authors: Kotte Amelia , Faraone Stephen V. , Biederman Joseph 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study sought to examine the association between the cumulative risk severity conferred by the total number of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk alleles of the DAT1 3′UTR variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), DRD4 Exon 3 VNTR, and 5‐HTTLPR with ADHD characteristics, clinical correlates, and functional outcomes in a pediatric sample. Participants were derived from case–control family studies of boys and girls diagnosed with ADHD, a genetic linkage study of families with children with ADHD, and a family genetic study of pediatric bipolar disorder. Caucasian children 18 and younger with and without ADHD and with available genetic data were included in this analysis (N = 591). The association of genetic risk severity with sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, neuropsychological, emotional, and behavioral correlates was examined in the entire sample, in the sample with ADHD, and in the sample without ADHD, respectively. Greater genetic risk severity was significantly associated with the presence of disruptive behavior disorders in the entire sample and oppositional defiant disorder in participants with ADHD. Greater genetic risk severity was also associated with the absence of anxiety disorders, specifically with the absence of agoraphobia in the context of ADHD. Additionally, one ADHD symptom was significantly associated with greater genetic risk severity. Genetic risk severity is significantly associated with ADHD clinical characteristics and co‐morbid disorders, and the nature of these associations may vary on the type (externalizing vs. internalizing) of the disorder. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The New England family study high‐risk project: Neurological impairments among offspring of parents with schizophrenia and other psychoses
Authors: Buka Stephen L. , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Goldstein Jill M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis manuscript presents the design and initial outcomes of the New England Family Study's (NEFS) High‐Risk Project, one of the few epidemiologically representative cohorts that has prospectively followed a large sample of offspring of parents with both affective and non‐affective psychotic disorders from the fetal period forward. The goals of this report are: (1) to describe in some detail the design, data collection methods, and resulting sample of this project; and (2) to prospectively identify and compare rates of childhood neurological impairments among offspring of psychotic and nonpsychotic parents, with a particular emphasis on offspring risk in relation to specific classes of parental psychosis (i.e., affective vs. non‐affective psychosis). The investigators identified a pool of 755 parents with potential psychotic disorders, located over 80% of these and confirmed psychotic diagnoses for 212 affected parents and 132 unaffected control parents. At birth, the 259 offspring of parents with psychosis had approximately a twofold increased risk of abnormal neurological functioning compared to offspring of families with no psychotic history. This was most pronounced among the 58 offspring of parents with schizophrenia. Similar trends were observed at ages 1 and 7 years although these did not reach statistical significance. Neither at birth nor at any of the follow‐up assessments were the 157 offspring of parents with affective psychosis found to be at elevated risk of neurological impairment. Implications for future research and potential preventive interventions for at‐risk individuals are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymerization shrinkage evaluation on nanoscale‐layered silicates: Bis‐GMA/TEGMA nanocomposites, in photo‐activated polymeric matrices
Authors: de Paiva Campos Luiza Mello , Lugão Ademar Benévolo , Vasconcelos Mário Ramalho , Parra Duclerc Fernandes 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis study concerns to the investigation of the polymerization shrinkage in dental experimental composites filled with silanized silica Aerosil® OX‐50 and clay nanoparticulated Montmorilonita (MMT) Cloisite® 30B, in glycidyl methacrylate resin. The characterization of the experimental composites was established with the following analyses: Thermo‐Mechanical Analysis (TMA) at isotherm temperature, Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis (DSC) under nitrogen atmosphere, X‐Ray diffraction (DRX), and Micro Hardness analysis. Through the TMA analysis was observed that the polymerization shrinkage varies according to the filler type and concentration in the experimental composite. The polymerization shrinkage ranged from 0.98% to 0.22% in the experimental composites added with Cloisite® 30B and ranged from 2.73% to 1.01% in the experimental composites containing silanized silica. Due to the intercalation of the clay nanoparticle in relation to the polymer matrix, the experimental nanocomposites with Cloisite® 30B showed better performance compared to the composites with silanized silica. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40010.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Pinnaic Acid and Halichlorine
Authors: Xu Shu , Unabara Daisuke , Uemura Daisuke , Arimoto Hirokazu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe enantioselective total synthesis of the bioactive marine natural products pinnaic acid and halichlorine is reported in detail. Our total synthesis features the construction of the five‐membered ring and C9 and C13 stereogenic centers through a palladium‐catalyzed trimethylenemethane [3+2] cyclization; the installation of the nitrogen atom through a regioselective Beckmann rearrangement of a poorly reactive ketone; the stereoselective cyclization of the spiro ring through a four‐step, one‐pot hydrogenation–cyclization; and efficient connection of the sterically hindered lower chain through a reduced‐pressure cross olefin metathesis reaction.
Synthesis, characterization and optical studies of highly luminescent ZnS nanoparticles associated with hypromellose matrix as a green and novel stabilizer
Authors: Tiwari Ashish , Khan S. A. , Kher R. S. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTZnS nanoparticles stabilized by a carbohydrate‐based matrix, hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) were prepared via a wet chemical method. The nanocomposite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electon microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X‐Ray diffraction patterns revealed a zinc blende structure. Thermogravimetric analysis suggested that polymer attached to the surface decomposes at 700 °C. Absorption measurements were carried out and calculation of the diameter polydispersity index (DPI) suggests the formation of monodisperse nanoparticles. The optical properties of the as‐prepared samples were studied by UV/vis spectroscopy and steady‐state photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL studies indicate the applicability of these nanoparticles as biocompatible sensors or luminescence markers in future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones in rat plasma after oral administration of a rhubarb extract
Authors: Wu Wenjin , Yan Ru , Yao Meicun , Zhan Ying , Wang Yitao 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA sensitive and specific LC‐MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of aloe‐emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion and their conjugates in rat plasma. The lower limit of quantitation of each anthraquinone was 0.020–0.040 µm. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracies were 90.1–114.3% and the precisions were <14.6%. The matrix effects were 104.0–113.2%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats receiving a rhubarb extract orally. The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–t) and peak concentration (Cmax) of free aloe‐emodin and emodin in rat plasma were much lower than those of rhein. The amounts of chrysophanol and physcion were too low to be continuously detected. After treating the plasma samples with β‐glucuronidases, each anthraquinone was detectable throughout the experimental period (36 h) and showed much higher plasma concentrations and AUC0–t. The free/total ratios of aloe‐emodin, rhein and emodin were 6.5, 49.0 and 1.7% for Cmax and 3.7, 32.5 and 1.1% for AUC0–t, respectively. The dose‐normalized AUC0–t and Cmax of the total of each anthraquinone were in the same descending order: rhein > emodin > chrysophanol > physcion > aloe‐emodin. These findings reveal phase II conjugates as the dominant in vivo existing forms of rhubarb antharquinones and warrant a further study to evaluate their contribution to the herbal activity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Liu Ruixiao , Wei Yahui , Zheng Jianbin , Zhang Hongfang , Sheng Qinglin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized by Bacillus subtilis and used to construct a nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that the AgNPs were prepared successfully with spherical morphology. The electrochemical properties of the resulted sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the sensor exhibited good electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction with a wider linear range from 0.05 to 120 mmol·L−1, a detection limit of 8 µmol·L−1 and a fast response time less than 2 s. The sensor exhibited good selectivity for H2O2 determination in the presence of glucose, acetaminophen, ascorbic acid and uric acid.
Bromination of Isothianaphthene Derivatives towards the Application in Organic Electronics
Authors: Long Guankui , Wan Xiangjian , Yun Peng , Zhou Jiaoyan , Liu Yongsheng , Li Miaomiao , Zhang Mingtao , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDifferent approaches to brominate dialkyl isothianaphthene‐5,6‐dicarboxylate were tried and single crystals of target molecule and side product were obtained. A planar copolymer with the trans‐ethene has been prepared, which shows good solubility in common organic solvents and broad absorption with edge to 967 nm in film.
Novel wave intensity analysis of arterial pulse wave propagation accounting for peripheral reflections
Authors: Alastruey Jordi , Hunt Anthony A. E. , Weinberg Peter D. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWe present a novel analysis of arterial pulse wave propagation that combines traditional wave intensity analysis with identification of Windkessel pressures to account for the effect on the pressure waveform of peripheral wave reflections. Using haemodynamic data measured in vivo in the rabbit or generated numerically in models of human compliant vessels, we show that traditional wave intensity analysis identifies the timing, direction and magnitude of the predominant waves that shape aortic pressure and flow waveforms in systole, but fails to identify the effect of peripheral reflections. These reflections persist for several cardiac cycles and make up most of the pressure waveform, especially in diastole and early systole. Ignoring peripheral reflections leads to an erroneous indication of a reflection‐free period in early systole and additional error in the estimates of (i) pulse wave velocity at the ascending aorta given by the PU–loop method (9.5% error) and (ii) transit time to a dominant reflection site calculated from the wave intensity profile (27% error). These errors decreased to 1.3% and 10%, respectively, when accounting for peripheral reflections. Using our new analysis, we investigate the effect of vessel compliance and peripheral resistance on wave intensity, peripheral reflections and reflections originating in previous cardiac cycles. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating disorders: A hidden phenomenon in outpatient mental health?
Authors: Fursland Anthea , Watson Hunna J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundEating disorders are common but underdiagnosed illnesses. Help‐seeking for co‐occurring issues, such as anxiety and depression, are common.ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of eating problems, using the SCOFF, and eating disorders when screening positive on the SCOFF (i.e., ≥2), among patients seeking help for anxiety and depression at a community‐based mental health service.MethodPatients (N = 260) consecutively referred and assessed for anxiety and depression treatment were administered the SCOFF screening questionnaire and a semi‐structured standardized diagnostic interview during routine intake.Results18.5% (48/260) scored ≥2 on the SCOFF, indicating eating problems. Of these, 41% (19/48) met criteria for an eating disorder. Thus, overall, 7.3% (19/260) of the sample met criteria for a DSM‐IV eating disorder. Those scoring ≥2 on the SCOFF were more likely to: be female (p = 0.001), younger (p = 0.003), and have a history of self‐harm (p < 0.001).DiscussionThis study confirms that eating disorders are a hidden phenomenon in general outpatient mental health. By using a standardized diagnostic interview to establish diagnosis rather than self‐ or staff‐report, the study builds on limited previous findings. The naturalistic study setting shows that screening for eating disorders can be easily built into routine intake practice, and successfully identifies treatment need. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:422–425)
Remote opto‐acoustic probing of single‐cell adhesion on metallic surfaces
Authors: Abi Ghanem Maroun , Dehoux Thomas , Zouani Omar F. , Gadalla Atef , Durrieu Marie‐Christine , Audoin Bertrand 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe reflection of picosecond ultrasonic pulses from a cell‐substrate interface is used to probe cell‐biomaterial adhesion with a subcell resolution. We culture monocytes on top of a thin biocompatible Ti metal film, supported by a transparent sapphire substrate. Low‐energy femtosecond pump laser pulses are focused at the bottom of the Ti film to a micron spot. The subsequent ultrafast thermal expansion launches a longitudinal acoustic pulse in Ti, with a broad spectrum extending up to 100 GHz. We measure the acoustic echoes reflected from the Ti‐cell interface through the transient optical reflectance changes. The time‐frequency analysis of the reflected acoustic pulses gives access to a map of the cell acoustic impedance Zc and to a map of the film‐cell interfacial stiffness K simultaneously. Variations in Zc across the cell are attributed to rigidity and density fluctuations within the cell, whereas variations in K are related to interfacial intermolecular forces and to the nano‐architecture of the transmembrane bonds. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
When “Harmless” Decisions Destroy Cash
Authors: Lee Reginald Tomas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAll companies must create cash. So what creates or destroys cash should be clear and understood. But the problem is that they aren't, explains the author of this article—who gives examples based on his work as a business consultant. Competent and conscientious business leaders can still make “harm‐less” decisions that destroy cash. Here's how to avoid that. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Viruses associated with influenza‐like‐illnesses in Papua New Guinea, 2010
Authors: Kono Jacinta , Jonduo Marinjho H. , Omena Matthew , Siba Peter M. , Horwood Paul F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInfluenza‐like‐illness can be caused by a wide range of respiratory viruses. The etiology of influenza‐like‐illness in developing countries such as Papua New Guinea is poorly understood. The etiological agents associated with influenza‐like‐illness were investigated retrospectively for 300 nasopharyngeal swabs received by the Papua New Guinea National Influenza Centre in 2010. Real‐time PCR/RT‐PCR methods were used for the detection of 13 respiratory viruses. Patients with influenza‐like‐illness were identified according to the World Health Organization case definition: sudden onset of fever (>38°C), with cough and/or sore throat, in the absence of other diagnoses. At least one viral respiratory pathogen was detected in 66.3% of the samples tested. Rhinoviruses (17.0%), influenza A (16.7%), and influenza B (12.7%) were the pathogens detected most frequently. Children <5 years of age presented with a significantly higher rate of at least one viral pathogen and a significantly higher rate of co‐infections with multiple viruses, when compared to all other patients >5 years of age. Influenza B, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were all detected at significantly higher rates in children <5 years of age. This study confirmed that multiple respiratory viruses are circulating and contributing to the presentation of influenza‐like‐illness in Papua New Guinea. J. Med. Virol. 86:899–904, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of a highly conserved and surface exposed B‐cell epitope on the nucleoprotein of influenza A virus
Authors: Gui Xun , Ge Pinghui , Wang Xuliang , Yang Kunyu , Yu Hai , Zhao Qinjian , Chen Yixin , Xia Ningshao 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTInfluenza virus still poses a major threat to human health worldwide. The nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza A virus plays an essential role in the viral replication and transcription and hence becomes a promising therapeutic target. NP forms a complicated conformation under native conditions and might denature when performing immunoassays such as western blot in the study of NP function. Therefore, it is useful to make an NP specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes linear epitope instead of conformational epitope. In this study, a recombinant NP (rNP) of influenza A virus was over‐expressed and used to generate a panel of anti‐NP mAbs. These anti‐NP mAbs were grouped into three classes based on their reactivity in Western blots. Only Class I mAb can react with linear rNP fragments. One of Class I mAb, 4D2, was characterized further by epitope mapping with a series of overlapping synthetic peptides, indicating that the 4D2 epitope is a surface exposed, linear epitope between amino acid residues 243 and 251. This epitope is highly conserved among different influenza A viruses with an identity of 98.4% (17,922/18,210). Western blot, co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry experiments all indicated 4D2 is highly specific to NP of influenza A virus. The results demonstrated that 4D2 can be used as a research tool for functional study of NP in the replication cycle of influenza A virus. Further work is needed to understand the function and importance of this epitope. J. Med. Virol. 86:995–1002, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mercuric reductase activity of multiple heavy metal‐resistant Lysinibacillus sphaericus G1
Authors: Bafana Amit , Chakrabarti Tapan , Krishnamurthi Kannan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA culture was isolated from an industrial mercuric salt‐contaminated soil, which could tolerate Cd, Co, Zn, Cr, and Hg up to 190, 525, 350, 935, and 370 μM, respectively. The isolate was identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It bioaccumulated Cd, Co, and Zn, and reductively detoxified Cr and Hg. Chromate reductase and mercuric reductase (MerA) activities in the cell extract were 2.4 and 0.13 units mg−1 protein, respectively. The study also describes designing of broad‐specificity primers based on firmicute merA genes. These primers were successfully used to amplify a 440 bp merA fragment from the current isolate. Based on the partial sequence, complete merA ORF of 1641 bp was amplified. It showed 99% similarity to a putative merA gene from distantly related Streptococcus agalactiae, but only 72% identity with the well‐characterized merA from a more closely related Bacillus cereus RC607. The gene sequence possessed all the features required for the functioning of MerA enzyme, and its function was confirmed by recombinant expression in E. coli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of full length merA gene from L. sphaericus.
Parametric analysis of the spatial resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio in super‐resolved spatiotemporally encoded (SPEN) MRI
Authors: Ben‐Eliezer Noam , Shrot Yoav , Frydman Lucio , Sodickson Daniel K. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeSpatiotemporally Encoded (SPEN) MRI is based on progressive point‐by‐point refocusing of the image in the spatial rather than the k‐space domain through the use of frequency‐swept radiofrequency pulses and quadratic phase profiles. This technique provides high robustness against frequency‐offsets including B0 inhomogeneities and chemical‐shift (e.g., fat/water) distortions, and can consequently perform fMRI at challenging regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and the olfactory bulb, as well as to improve imaging near metallic implants. This work aims to establish a comprehensive framework for the implementation and super‐resolved reconstruction of SPEN‐based imaging, and to accurately quantify this method's spatial‐resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).Theory and MethodsA stepwise formalism was laid‐out for calculating the optimal experimental parameters for SPEN, followed by analytical analysis of the ensuing SNR and spatial‐resolution versus conventional k‐space encoding. Predictions were then confirmed using computer simulations and experimentally.ResultsOur findings show that SPEN is governed by the same fundamental signal‐processing principles as k‐space encoding, leading to similar averaging properties, and ultimately similar spatial‐resolution and SNR levels as k‐space encoding.ConclusionPresented analysis is applicable to general multidimensional SPEN designs and provides a unified framework for the analysis of future SPEN and similar approaches based on quadratic phase encoding. Magn Reson Med 72:418–429, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.