bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-mutualistic morality
Authors: Sachdeva Sonya , Iliev Rumen , Medin Douglas L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough mutually advantageous cooperative strategies might be an apt account of some societies, other moral systems might be needed among certain groups and contexts. In particular, in a duty-based moral system, people do not behave morally with an expectation for proportional reward, but rather, as a fulfillment of debt owed to others. In such systems, mutualistic motivations are not necessarily a key component of morality.
“Those Entertaining Frisco Boys”: Hedges Brothers and Jacobson
Authors: VERMAZEN BRUCE 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCharles Frederick (Freddie) Hedges (1886–1920), his brother Elven Everett Hedges (1889–1931), and Jesse Jacobson (1882–1959) converged as Hedges Brothers and Jacobson in 1910 in San Francisco. Elven played piano, saxophone, and guitar, and all three sang and danced. In 1910–11, critics in San Francisco, Chicago, New York, and smaller cities greeted the act as something new and exceptionally good. Instead of pursuing more general fame in North America, the trio accepted a music-hall contract in England, where they became leaders in creating a craze for American ragtime singing, a craze that prepared the English public for the momentous arrival of jazz after the First World War. The trio recorded eight released songs for Columbia in 1912–13. In 1913, they also performed in Paris and South Africa. In 1914, after eight months back in the United States, they returned to English success but soon dissolved the act and performed separately until 1919, when they reunited to accept an unprecedented contract (£30,000 for six years). Early in 1920, Freddie killed himself. Forest Tell (b. 1888) replaced him in the trio, and the new group recorded six released songs for Zonophone in 1920. The trio disbanded at the end of the contract. Elven retired shortly afterward, but Jesse stayed in show business at least through World War II.
The principle of subsidiarity as a constitutional principle in international law
Authors: FOLLESDAL ANDREAS 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper explores subsidiarity as a constitutional principle in international law. Some authors have appealed to a principle of subsidiarity in order to defend the legitimacy of several striking features of international law, such as the centrality of state consent, the leeway in assessing state compliance and weak sanctions in its absence. The article presents such defences of state-centric aspects of international law by appeals to subsidiarity, and finds them wanting. Different interpretations of subsidiarity have strikingly different institutional implications regarding the objectives of the polity, the domain and role of subunits, and the allocation of authority to apply the principle of subsidiarity itself. Five different interpretations are explored, drawn from Althusius, the US federalists, Pope Leo XIII, and others. One upshot is that the principle of subsidiarity cannot provide normative legitimacy to the state-centric aspects of current international law on its own. It stands in need of substantial interpretation. The versions of subsidiarity that match current practices of public international law are questionable. Many crucial aspects of our legal order must be reconsidered – in particular the standing and scope of state sovereignty.
Speedy speciation in a bacterial microcosm: new species can arise as frequently as adaptations within a species
Authors: Koeppel Alexander F , Wertheim Joel O , Barone Laura , Gentile Nicole , Krizanc Danny , Cohan Frederick M 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Microbiologists are challenged to explain the origins of enormous numbers of bacterial species worldwide. Contributing to this extreme diversity may be a simpler process of speciation in bacteria than in animals and plants, requiring neither sexual nor geographical isolation between nascent species. Here, we propose and test a novel hypothesis for the extreme diversity of bacterial species—that splitting of one population into multiple ecologically distinct populations (cladogenesis) may be as frequent as adaptive improvements within a single population’s lineage (anagenesis). We employed a set of experimental microcosms to address the relative rates of adaptive cladogenesis and anagenesis among the descendants of a Bacillus subtilis clone, in the absence of competing species. Analysis of the evolutionary trajectories of genetic markers indicated that in at least 7 of 10 replicate microcosm communities, the original population founded one or more new, ecologically distinct populations (ecotypes) before a single anagenetic event occurred within the original population. We were able to support this inference by identifying putative ecotypes formed in these communities through differences in genetic marker association, colony morphology and microhabitat association; we then confirmed the ecological distinctness of these putative ecotypes in competition experiments. Adaptive mutations leading to new ecotypes appeared to be about as common as those improving fitness within an existing ecotype. These results suggest near parity of anagenesis and cladogenesis rates in natural populations that are depauperate of bacterial diversity.
Professional athletes have extraordinary skills for rapidly learning complex and neutral dynamic visual scenes
Authors: Faubert Jocelyn 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEvidence suggests that an athlete's sports-related perceptual-cognitive expertise is a crucial element of top-level competitive sports1. When directly assessing whether such experience-related abilities correspond to fundamental and non-specific cognitive laboratory measures such as processing speed and attention, studies have shown moderate effects leading to the conclusion that their special abilities are context-specific2. We trained 308 observers on a complex dynamic visual scene task void of context and motor control requirements3 and demonstrate that professionals as a group dramatically differ from high-level amateur athletes, who dramatically differ from non-athlete university students in their capacity to learn such stimuli. This demonstrates that a distinguishing factor explaining the capacities of professional athletes is their ability to learn how to process complex dynamic visual scenes. This gives us an insight as to what is so special about the elite athletes' mental abilities, which allows them to express great prowess in action.
Inferring microRNA–mRNA causal regulatory relationships from expression data
Authors: Le Thuc Duy , Liu Lin , Tsykin Anna , Goodall Gregory J. , Liu Bing , Sun Bing-Yu , Li Jiuyong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMotivation: microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play an essential role in the post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals. Currently, several computational approaches have been developed with a shared aim to elucidate miRNA–mRNA regulatory relationships. Although these existing computational methods discover the statistical relationships, such as correlations and associations between miRNAs and mRNAs at data level, such statistical relationships are not necessarily the real causal regulatory relationships that would ultimately provide useful insights into the causes of gene regulations. The standard method for determining causal relationships is randomized controlled perturbation experiments. In practice, however, such experiments are expensive and time consuming. Our motivation for this study is to discover the miRNA–mRNA causal regulatory relationships from observational data.Results: We present a causality discovery-based method to uncover the causal regulatory relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs, using expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs without taking into consideration the previous target information. We apply this method to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) datasets and validate the computational discoveries by a controlled biological experiment for the miR-200 family. A significant portion of the regulatory relationships discovered in data is consistent with those identified by experiments. In addition, the top genes that are causally regulated by miRNAs are highly relevant to the biological conditions of the datasets. The results indicate that the causal discovery method effectively discovers miRNA regulatory relationships in data. Although computational predictions may not completely replace intervention experiments, the accurate and reliable discoveries in data are cost effective for the design of miRNA experiments and the understanding of miRNA–mRNA regulatory relationships.Availability: The R scripts are in the Supplementary material.Contact: thuc_duy.le@mymail.unisa.edu.au or jiuyong.li@unisa.edu.auSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MSMExplorer: visualizing Markov state models for biomolecule folding simulations
Authors: Cronkite-Ratcliff Bryce , Pande Vijay 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Summary: Markov state models (MSMs) for the study of biomolecule folding simulations have emerged as a powerful tool for computational study of folding dynamics. MSMExplorer is a visualization application purpose-built to visualize these MSMs with an aim to increase the efficacy and reach of MSM science.
Availability: MSMExplorer is available for download from https://simtk.org/home/msmexplorer. The source code is made available under the GNU Lesser General Public License at https://github.com/SimTk/msmexplorer.
Contact: pande@stanford.edu
Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
Authors: Taneyama Chikuni , Yokota Shigeru , Goto Hiroshi 
Published: January 2013

Objective:
Patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 might have disturbed autonomic function and increased heart rate fractal dynamics with a resultant impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). We hypothesized that these parameters of impaired cardiovascular regulation might improve with a reduction of pain intensity.

Methods:
Ten patients and 10 healthy volunteers entered the study. Power spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) variability was performed by the maximum entropy method. Ratios of low-frequency domain to high-frequency domain (LF/HF) and a fractal slope, the slope of a regression line of power spectral density (1/f
β), were calculated. BRS was assessed with a head-up tilt test. When the visual analogue scale scores decreased to ≦20 mm during treatments, those measurements were repeated.

Results:
LF/HF and steepness of fractal slope before treatments decreased significantly during treatments when visual analogue scale was ≦20 mm (2.23±0.68 to 1.30±0.45, P=0.005 and −1.90±0.35 to −1.16±0.14, P=0.00032, respectively). BRS before treatments was low (−0.28±0.27 bpm/mm Hg) as compared with BRS of volunteers but significantly improved to −0.62±0.48 bpm/mm Hg during treatments (P=0.032).

Conclusions:
Increased LF/HF ratios likely indicate that patients had an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. The increased fractal slope suggests that patients developed strong self-similarity of HR variability. The highly predictable HR variability leads to impaired hemodynamic homeostasis, resulting in decreased BRS. The impaired cardiovascular regulation improved with a reduction of pain. Thus, spectral analysis of HR variability may be useful objectively to follow complex regional pain syndrome type 1 patients, not only for pain management but also for the status of cardiovascular stability.
Incidence and Management of Noncancer Pain in Cancer Patients Referred to a Radiotherapy Center
Authors: Massaccesi Mariangela , Deodato Francesco , Caravatta Luciana , Macchia Gabriella , Padula Gilbert D.A. , Di Rito Sonia , Woldemariam Aynalem A. , Rossi Marco , Di Falco Carlo , Tambaro Rosa , Mignogna Samantha , Flocco Mariano , Pacelli Fabio , Valentini Vincenzo , Cellini Numa , Morganti Alessio G. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives:
The incidence of noncancer pain (NCP) in cancer patients is unknown. An analysis of incidence, severity, impact on quality of life (QoL), and appropriateness of NCP treatment in a cohort of cancer patients referred to a radiotherapy center is reported.

Materials and Methods:
Pain was scored from 0 (absence) to 3 (severe) and the adequacy of analgesic therapy was evaluated according to International Guidelines. Correlation between Pain Management Index and World Health Organization Analgesic Ladder was used to analyze the appropriateness of NCP treatment. In addition, pain was differentiated according to its origin and types and a comparison was performed between cancer pain (CP) and NCP.

Results:
A total of 903 patients were eligible and 865 (95.8%) were considered evaluable. Three hundred ninety-eight patients (46.0%) had pain. CP and NCP pain incidence was 11.2% and 34.8%, respectively. Pain intensity was higher in patients with CP versus NCP (P=0.021). A neuropathic pain lower incidence (P=0.024) in NCP versus CP was recorded. Moreover, NCP was more inadequately treated than CP (P<0.001). QoL was significantly lower in patients with NCP when compared with patients without pain (P<0.001). In addition, QoL of patients with CP was significantly lower than QoL of patients with NCP (P<0.001).

Discussion:
In a cancer patients’ population referred to a radiotherapy center, the NCP incidence was higher than the CP incidence and NCP intensity was only slightly lower than CP. NCP was significantly pharmacologically undertreated and it was related to a decline in QoL.
Preoperative Estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate as Predictors of Outcome after Surgery
Authors: Mooney John F. , Ranasinghe Isuru , Chow Clara K. , Perkovic Vlado , Barzi Federica , Zoungas Sophia , Holzmann Martin J. , Welten Gijs M. , Biancari Fausto , Wu Vin-Cent , Tan Timothy C. , Cass Alan , Hillis Graham S. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background:
Kidney dysfunction is a strong determinant of prognosis in many settings.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and adverse outcomes after surgery. Cohort studies reporting the relationship between eGFR and major outcomes, including all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and acute kidney injury after cardiac or noncardiac surgery, were included.

Results:
Forty-six studies were included, of which 44 focused exclusively on cardiac and vascular surgery. Within 30 days of surgery, eGFR less than 60 ml·min·1.73 m−2 was associated with a threefold increased risk of death (multivariable adjusted relative risk [RR] 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95–4.96) and acute kidney injury (adjusted RR 3.13; 95% CI 2.22–4.41). An eGFR less than 60 ml·min·1.73 m−2 was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted RR 1.61; 95% CI 1.38–1.87) and major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.32–1.67) during long-term follow-up. There was a nonlinear association between eGFR and the risk of early mortality such that, compared with patients having an eGFR more than 90 ml·min·1.73 m−2 the pooled RR for death at 30 days in those with an eGFR between 30 and 60 ml·min·1.73 m−2 was 1.62 (95% CI 1.43–1.80), rising to 2.85 (95% CI 2.49–3.27) in patients with an eGFR less than 30 ml·min·1.73 m−2 and 3.75 (95% CI 3.44–4.08) in those with an eGFR less than 15 ml·min·1.73 m−2.

Conclusion:
There is a powerful relationship between eGFR, and both short- and long-term prognosis after, predominantly cardiac and vascular, surgery.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF HIGH ALTITUDE–LIKE RETINOPATHY CAUSED BY ANEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA AT RECREATIONAL ALTITUDE
Authors: Skelley Jason P. , Hill Mark L. , Mullins Sara M. , Allison Sean C. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
To report an unusual presentation of high altitude–like retinopathy at recreational altitude after chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 43-year-old man undergoing chemotherapy for testicular cancer traveled to an altitude of 2,930 m and subsequently developed significant visual deficit in his right eye and was later diagnosed with bilateral severe high altitude–like retinopathy pathology with associated retinal hemorrhages.

Conclusion:
Altitude-related illnesses like high-altitude retinopathy result from rapid physiologic adaptation to altitude-induced hypoxia. These illnesses are typically experienced at altitudes above 3,000 m, with high-altitude retinal hemorrhages observed above 4,270 m. The patient participated in no strenuous physical activity but had severe enough retinal hypoxia from chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia that he experienced visually significant retinal hemorrhages. The occurrence of high-altitude retinopathy in such patients could portend the development of high-altitude cerebral edema at lower altitudes than traditionally reported and without exposure to known risk factors. Therefore, funduscopic examination should be performed on patients with anemia and thrombocytopenia who are complaining of decreased vision after traveling at high altitude.
IMPROVED PERFUSION AND INTRARETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AFTER INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB INJECTION IN CENTRAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Peng Michelle Y. , Chang Margaret , Ying Howard S. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
To report a case of intraretinal neovascularization in a patient with ischemic central venous occlusion.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
An 18-year-old white man presented with painless decreased vision in the right eye. Slit-lamp and biomicroscopic examinations revealed 360° of neovascularization of the iris, venous tortuosity, severe retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and massive edema of the macula.

Conclusion:
This is the first report of observed intraretinal neovascularization after central vein occlusion. Treatment with photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab injection promoted revascularization after 1 year.
RETROBULBAR GAS AFTER MACULAR HOLE SURGERY
Authors: Roth Daniel B. , Ballintine Sheila D. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
To present a case of a patient who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for repair of a full-thickness macular hole and received an inappropriate concentration of C3F8 gas.

Methods:
Interventional case report.

Results:
A 63-year-old man with a Stage IV full-thickness macular hole underwent uneventful macular hole surgery. The vitreous cavity was filled with presumed 16% perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas and none of the sclerotomies were sutured closed. Postoperatively, the patient presented with severe pain and proptosis and a visual acuity of count fingers. His condition was managed initially with a vitreous gas tap after which an emergency computed tomography was performed revealing retrobulbar air. The patient returned to the operating room and underwent surgical decompression of the retrobulbar gas. Despite medical management to manage his intraocular pressure, the patient required a second vitreous tap. By Postoperative Day 10 after his original macular hole surgery, the gas fill of the posterior segment started to decrease, his proptosis had resolved, and his pain had diminished. By Postoperative Day 60, the macular hole closed and the optic nerve exhibited no pallor or cupping.

Conclusion:
Despite an inappropriate concentration of gas being used, the unsutured sclerotomies allowed escape of the gas from the vitreous space, buffering the rise in intraocular pressure and preventing complete vascular occlusion.
Eating and emotion: focusing on the lunchtime meal
Authors: Brown Lorraine , Edwards John , Hartwell Heather 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in emotion brought by eating the midday meal. Many aspects of eating out have been studied, yet emotions remain an under‐researched area, despite having been shown to play a significant role in food consumption.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports findings from a qualitative study, involving semi‐structured interviews with British undergraduates about changes in their emotional state after eating their lunchtime meal. Data were analysed through the technique of thematic analysis.FindingsParticipants observed a clear relationship between their emotions and eating a meal, with changes noted in concentration, energy and happiness levels. The quality of the food eaten was an issue of concern to participants; access to a healthy meal was seen to be important, given the perceived benefits for emotional and physical health. Finally, eating was deemed to be both a physical and social activity. Eating in company enhanced the emotional experience of dining, as it offered the opportunity to bond with friends. Recommendations for further research are made.Originality/valueThis research addresses a paucity of information on the link between food and emotion, helping to better understand the role of emotions when eating out. Further research into different settings is called for in order to broaden the understanding of the relationship between eating and emotional state, and to find out whether or not similar findings emerge from alternative settings.
CHANCE: a healthy lifestyle in terms of food handling and hygiene
Authors: Marklinder Ingela , Magnusson Maria , Nydahl Margaretha 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify knowledge gaps in terms of food handling and hygiene among a population in a selected city district.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a part of the project Community Health Management to Enhance Behaviour (CHANCE), (Lifelong Learning Programme of European Union 2007‐2009). A certain vulnerable group, i.e. older people, were addressed. The study population was recruited by convenience sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data among citizens in a selected city district (n=251). The elderly (71‐80+; n=123) were interviewed face to face, while the younger (21‐70 years; n=128) filled in their data on their own.FindingsOne third of the respondents usually measure the temperature in their refrigerator. However, one third revealed knowledge gaps relating to storage temperature for certain food items. Thirty nine per cent changes dishcloths once a week. Twenty per cent of the elderly usually put raw minced meat into their mouth to taste the seasoning without reflecting on pathogenic bacteria. There was no significant relation between the fear of food poisoning and tasting minced meat, changing the dishcloth often, or cooling down food properly. These results can be interpreted as a sign of knowledge gaps, indicating a need for improved health communication.Research limitations/implicationsThe study population consisted of consumers in a selected city district in Uppsala municipality. Therefore the results should not be generalized for Swedes in general.Practical implicationsThe collected data and the information of knowledge gaps have been used to perform a local health intervention. The results would reveal relevance for a larger nationwide survey that aims to identify knowledge gaps in terms of food handling and hygiene among Swedish citizens.Social implicationsData from the present study would be useful in the attempt to implement simple tools at the local level, in order to promote healthy habits among consumers.Originality/valueAn innovative principle in the EU project CHANCE is to work from the inside out. Studies of consumers' food handling in private homes are lacking in Sweden. The present study is rather unique as it explores private households in terms of food handling and hygiene.