bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-curing Time and Aging Effects on the Nanomechanical Properties of Methacrylate- and Silorane-based Restorations
Authors: Catelan A , Pollard T , Bedran-Russo AK , Santos PH dos , Ambrosano GMB , Aguiar FHB 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of light-curing time on the nanohardness (H) and reduced elastic modulus (Er) of components (underlying dentin, hybrid layer, adhesive, and composite) of methacrylate- and silorane-based restorations after 24 hours and six months of storage. Class II slot preparations were carried out in human molars (n=3) and restored with methacrylate (Clearfil SE Bond [Kuraray] + Filtek Z250 [3M ESPE]) or silorane (LS restorative system [3M ESPE]) restorative systems and light-cured using light-emitting diode at 1390 mW/cm2 for the recommended manufacturers' time or double time. Restorations were sectioned, and bonded dentin-resin interfaces were embedded in epoxy resin and polished for evaluation with a Berkovich fluid cell tip (TI 700 Ubi-1 nanoindenter, Hysitron). Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). Overall, the H and Er values were higher for methacrylate-based restorations than for silorane materials (p≤0.05), an increase in curing time did not improve the H and Er of the bonded interface components of either material (p&gt;0.05), and aging significantly decreased the mechanical properties of interface components of both resin-based restorative systems (p≤0.05). In general, nanomechanical properties decreased after six months of storage, the methacrylate restorative system exhibited higher H and Er than silorane, and light-curing time did not influence the properties tested.
Comparative Studies of Electrospinning and Solution Blow Spinning Processes for the Production of Nanofibrous Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Materials for Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Wojasiński Michal , Pilarek Maciej , Ciach Tomasz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Comparative statistical analysis of the infiuence of processing parameters, for electrospinning (ES) and solution blow spinning (SBS) processes, on nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) material morphology and average fiber diameter was conducted in order to identify the key processing parameter for tailoring the product properties. Further, a comparative preliminary biocompatibility evaluation was performed. Based on Design of Experiment (DOE) principles, analysis of standard effects of voltage, air pressure, solution feed rate and concentration, on nanofibers average diameter was performed with the Pareto’s charts and the best fitted surface charts. Nanofibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preliminary biocompatibility comparative tests were performed based on SEM microphotographs of CP5 cells cultured on materials derived from ES and SBS. Polymer solution concentration was identified as the key parameter infiuencing morphology and dimensions of nanofibrous mat produced from both techniques. In both cases, when polymer concentration increases the average fiber diameter increase. The preliminary biocompatibility test suggests that nanofibers produced by ES as well as SBS are suitable as the biomedical engineering scaffold material.
A shifted Jacobi collocation algorithm for wave type equations with non-local conservation conditions
Authors: Doha Eid , Bhrawy Ali , Abdelkawy Mohammed 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an efficient spectral collocation algorithm to solve numerically wave type equations subject to initial, boundary and non-local conservation conditions. The shifted Jacobi pseudospectral approximation is investigated for the discretization of the spatial variable of such equations. It possesses spectral accuracy in the spatial variable. The shifted Jacobi-Gauss-Lobatto (SJ-GL) quadrature rule is established for treating the non-local conservation conditions, and then the problem with its initial and non-local boundary conditions are reduced to a system of second-order ordinary differential equations in temporal variable. This system is solved by two-stage forth-order A-stable implicit RK scheme. Five numerical examples with comparisons are given. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate than finite difference method, method of lines and spline collocation approach
Research of some operating parameters and the emissions level variation in a spark ignited engine through on-board investigation methods in different loading conditions
Authors: Iosif Ferenti , Baldean Doru 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present paper shows research made on a spark ignited engine with port fuel injection in different operation conditions in order to improve the comprehension about the cold start sequence, acceleration when changing the gear ratios, quality of combustion process and also any measures to be taken for pollutant reduction in such cases. The engineering endeavor encompasses the pollutants investigation during the operation time of gasoline supplied engine with four inline cylinders in different conditions. The temperature and any other parameters were measured with specific sensors installed on the engine or in the exhaust pipes. All the data collected has been evaluated using electronic investigation systems and highly developed equipment. In this manner it has enabled the outline of the idea of how pollutants of engine vary in different operating conditions. Air quality in the everyday environment is very important for the human health, and thus the ambient air quality has a well-known importance in the European pollution standards and legislation. The high level of attention directed to the pollution problem in the European lifestyle is a driving force for all kinds of studies in the field of the reduction of engine emission.
A standardized protocol to reduce pediatric spine surgery infection: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Ryan Sheila L. , Sen Anish , Staggers Kristen , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: June 2014

Object
Quality improvement methods are being implemented in various areas of medicine. In an effort to reduce the complex (instrumented) spine infection rate in pediatric patients, a standardized protocol was developed and implemented at an institution with a high case volume of instrumented spine fusion procedures in the pediatric age group.

Methods
Members of the Texas Children's Hospital Spine Study Group developed the protocol incrementally by using the current literature and prior institutional experience until consensus was obtained. The protocol was prospectively applied to all children undergoing complex spine surgery starting August 21, 2012. Acute infections were defined as positive wound cultures within 12 weeks of surgery, defined in alignment with current hospital infection control criteria. Procedures and infections were measured before and after protocol implementation. This protocol received full review and approval of the Baylor College of Medicine institutional review board.

Results
Nine spine surgeons performed 267 procedures between August 21, 2012, and September 30, 2013. The minimum follow-up was 12 weeks. The annual institutional infection rate prior to the protocol (2007–2011) ranged from 3.4% to 8.9%, with an average of 5.8%. After introducing the protocol, the infection rate decreased to 2.2% (6 infections of 267 cases) (p = 0.0362; absolute risk reduction 3.6%; relative risk 0.41 [95% CI 0.18–0.94]). Overall compliance with data form completion was 63.7%. In 4 of the 6 cases of infection, noncompliance with completion of the data collection form was documented; moreover, 2 of the 4 spine surgeons whose patients experienced infections had the lowest compliance rates in the study group.

Conclusions
The standardized protocol for complex spine surgery significantly reduced surgical site infection at the authors' institution. The overall compliance with entry into the protocol was good. Identification of factors associated with post–spine surgery wound infection will allow further protocol refinement in the future.
Orthotopic murine model of a primary malignant bone tumor in the spine: functional, bioluminescence, and histological correlations
Authors: Fahim Daniel K. , Tatsui Claudio E. , Suki Dima , Gumin Joy , Lang Frederick F. , Rhines Laurence D. 
Published: June 2014

Object
There is currently no reproducible animal model of human primary malignant bone tumors in the spine to permit laboratory investigation of the human disease. Therefore, the authors sought to adapt their previously developed orthotopic model of spinal metastasis to a model for primary malignant bone tumors of the spine.

Methods
A transperitoneal surgical approach was used to implant osteosarcoma (Krib-1) into the L-3 vertebral body of nude mice via a drill hole. Motor function was evaluated daily using the previously validated qualitative key milestones of tail dragging, dorsal stepping, hindlimb sweeping, and paralysis. A subset of these animals was euthanized upon reaching the various milestones, and the spines were removed, sectioned, and stained. The degree of spinal cord compression was correlated with the occurrence of milestones and assessed by a ratio between the neural elements divided by the area of the spinal canal. Another subset of animals received stably transfected Krib-1 cells with the luciferase gene, and bioluminescence was measured at 10, 20, and 30 days postimplantation.

Results
Osteosarcoma xenografts grew in all animals according to a reliable and reproducible time course; the mean time for development of behavioral milestones was noted in relation to the day of implantation (Day 1). Tail dragging (Milestone 1) occurred on Day 19.06 (95% CI 16.11–22.01), dorsal stepping (Milestone 2) occurred on Day 28.78 (95% CI 26.79–30.77), hindlimb sweeping (Milestone 3) occurred on Day 35.61 (95% CI 32.9–38.32), and paralysis of the hindlimb (Milestone 4) occurred on Day 41.78 (95% CI 39.31–44.25). These clinically observed milestones correlated with increasing compression of the spinal cord on histological sections. The authors observed a progressive increase in the local bioluminescence (in photons/cm2/sec) of the implanted level over time with a mean of 2.17 (range 0.0–8.61) at Day 10, mean 4.68 (range 1.17–8.52) at Day 20, and mean 5.54 (range 1.22–9.99) at Day 30.

Conclusions
The authors have developed the first orthotopic murine model of a primary malignant bone tumor in the spine, in which neurological decline reproducibly correlates with tumor progression as evidenced by pathological confirmation and noninvasive bioluminescence measurements. Although developed for osteosarcoma, this model can be expanded to study other types of primary malignant bone tumors in the spine. This model will potentially allow animal testing of targeted therapies against specific primary malignant tumor types.
Looking Backwards into a Mediterranean Edge Environment: Landscape Changes in El Congost Valley (Catalonia), 1850-2005
Authors: Tello Enric , Valldeperas Natàlia , Ollés Anna , Marull Joan , Coll Francesc , Warde Paul , Wilcox Paul Thomas 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We examine the evolution from the mid-nineteenth century to the present of the cultural landscape in two Catalan townships that jointly constitute an edge environment between Mediterranean plain and mountain. This environmental edge has changed over time, from a border between an agricultural plain confronting an area of forestry and livestock-raising in the mid-nineteenth century, to a limit of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region confronting two 'natural' protected sites in the present. Over a century and a half land use changes in this area have brought about the two main, but superficially 'opposed' dynamics that characterise landscape evolution throughout Catalonia and great parts of Europe today: intensification and abandonment. The most salient ecological impact of both processes has been the loss of landscape mosaics. In the plain those mosaics interwove cereal cropping with vineyards and olive orchards together with patches of woodland, scrubland and pastureland into an agricultural land matrix. In the mountains, a woodland matrix of holm oaks and pines became cleared through timber and firewood extraction, and the pruning of branches for charcoal making, creating a mixture of open forest articulated by grazing areas, cropland and scrub. Both sides of the edge interlinked, and jointly played a key role as ecological connectors to maintain biodiversity. From the 1960s onwards the ecological dynamics attendant upon the abandonment of the prevailing integrated management of forests, livestock breeding and cropland has led to a significant loss of these landscape mosaics. In spite of the transformation of much of this area into natural protected sites, the growth of a uniform and continuous reforested woodland canopy, directly confronted with urban sprawl, is endangering its richness in terms of species - such as Mediterranean orchids, whose habitats are disappearing.
The Sludge Question: The Regulation of Mine Tailings in Nineteenth-Century Victoria
Authors: Lawrence Susan , Davies Peter 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Mining waste was a significant environmental problem in nineteenth-century Victoria, an Australian colony dependent on gold mining for its economic prosperity. Sludge from alluvial (placer) workings and hard-rock mining flowed into rivers across the colony causing significant damage and disruption to downstream communities. The sludge problem was eventually resolved by the passage of legislation early in the twentieth century. The struggle to control sludge reveals changes in public perception over a fifty-year period, from acceptance of sludge as an inevitable consequence of industry to the identification of sludge as pollution that should be eliminated. Significantly, at a time when the cost of dealing with noxious waste from other industries was still being borne by the public purse, the anti-sludge legislation held the mining industry responsible for its own pollution and required gold miners to return clean water to river systems.
Continuity and Change in the Treatment of Frightening Subject Matter: Contemporary Retellings of Classical Mythology for Children in the Low Countries
Authors: Geerts Sylvie 
Published: June 2014

Ever since its origins, children's literature has dealt with frightening subject matter. The forms of such frightening fiction for children are, however, continuously changing. Retellings of classical mythology are a case in point as myths contain subjects that might be considered a threat to the romantic notion of the innocent child. As such, a focus upon the way authors deal with sex, death and violence in retellings of classical mythology reveals how the paradoxical impulses that govern the act of retelling – that is, a desire for preserving and challenging cultural tradition – alter under the influence of society's changing ideas about children and their literature. This paper concentrates on the rich and vivid tradition of retelling classical myths in the Low Countries. Shifts in the choice of pretext and in the age of the intended audience reveal a change of attitude towards frightening subjects in classical myths during the last decades. A closer look at retellings of the creation myths, dealing with sexual and lethal violence between parents and children, and the subject of death in the myth of Orpheus shows how the retellings of frightening myths range from unequivocal presentations as cautionary tales to demanding narratives generating unfixed meanings.
Le savant dans le malaise contemporain, entre désir et jouissance
Authors: Trichet Yohan , Marion Élisabeth 
Published: June 2014

Dans cet article, les auteurs se proposent d’éclairer la position du savant, en étudiant le désir de savoir qui anime les hommes de science. Ce désir, enraciné dans l’incomplétude du symbolique, structuralement insuffisant à rendre compte du monde, vise, notamment, l’extraction d’un savoir dans le réel. Mais ce désir n’est pas pur, car cette « pulsion de savoir », conçue par Freud en 1905, peut, également, satisfaire une jouissance que le savant lui-même ignore. L’histoire des sciences est jalonnée de cas d’hommes ou de femmes de science, dont la trajectoire personnelle a été dramatiquement bouleversée par leur découverte ou par les conséquences catastrophiques de celles-ci. Il arrive, également, que cette oscillation du savant entre désir et jouissance l’aveugle sur les incidences désastreuses de ses recherches sur lui et/ou son entourage. Le savant peut se trouver dépassé par les effets de ses expérimentations et de ses découvertes. Loin de procéder à une psychologie du savant, les auteurs s’attachent à une analyse de sa position subjective, appuyée par quelques exemples puisés dans la science-fiction.
Entre « réactionnel » et « compulsionnel » : dynamiques de la répétition suicidaire
Authors: Boissière Loïc , Chabert Catherine 
Published: June 2014

À partir de l’analyse clinique et projective d’une casuistique de 9 sujets suicidants (multi)-réitérants, nous interrogeons les ressorts dynamiques et économiques de la répétition suicidaire à l’adolescence. Discutant l’hypothèse d’une défaillance de l’élaboration fantasmatique des mouvements pulsionnels agressifs, en lien avec des difficultés spécifiques et persistantes du traitement de la perte, nous différencions entre processus de répétition suicidaire « réactionnels » et « compulsionnels ». Les processus « réactionnels » relèvent de la résonance traumatique de pertes externes, dans l’« après-coup » ou la conjonction avec une réalité interne pré-morbide. En quoi ils déterminent des répétitions aléatoires. Les processus « compulsionnels » procèdent d’une souffrance dépressive inélaborable alimentant un courant continu de revendication pulsionnelle destructrice. Le retournement masochiste/mélancolique en constitue la principale voie d’éconduction. Moyennant quoi s’institue un cycle autonome de répétition suicidaire susceptible, à terme, d’emballement, à la faveur d’une désintrication pulsionnelle et d’une désobjectalisation corrélative.
Processus identificatoires et projet de vie des jeunes vietnamiens de Hanoi : entre crise adolescente et crise culturelle ?
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Diep , Lescarret Odette , de Léonardis Myriam 
Published: June 2014

Considéré comme une activité de la personnalisation et de la socialisation, le projet à l’adolescence reste toujours l’objet de nombreux questionnements en psychologie. Cet article tente d’éclairer la relation pouvant unir la dynamique identificatoire personnelle et les projets de vie des adolescents de Hanoi (Vietnam), où la société est actuellement traversée par une période de crises importantes du lien, du sens, du pouvoir et des valeurs. Les épreuves de la clinique projective (TAT, Test de Trois Personnages et l’outil des situations) et un questionnaire nous ont permis de mettre à l’épreuve notre hypothèse auprès de 102 adolescents vietnamiens de Hanoi de 17 à 18 ans. Contrairement à ce que nous attendions, alors que les modes d’identification dits constructifs n’amènent pas les jeunes à des dimensions positives du projet de vie, un mode d’identification considéré défensif favorise les projets de vie visant l’accomplissement professionnel et relationnel.
L'utilisation du PSYCa 3-6 pour l'évaluation indicative des difficultés psychologiques des jeunes enfants touchés par le séisme de janvier 2010 en Haïti
Authors: Mouchenik Yoram , Marty-Chevreuil Alexandra , Marquer Caroline , Barry Caroline , Gaboulaud Valérie , Derivois Daniel , Mathieu Marjory , Jean-Jacques Ronald , Falissard Bruno , Baubet Thierry , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: June 2014

Cet article décrit une recherche-action pour l’évaluation indicative des difficultés psychologiques des jeunes enfants et l’intérêt de l’utilisation du questionnaire PSYCa 3-6, après le séisme de 2010 en Haïti. L’enquête se situe dans trois quartiers de Port-au-Prince. Les évaluateurs ont été formés sur plusieurs jours à une bonne compréhension du questionnaire et à son administration standardisée. La passation s’est déroulée sur sept semaines du 7 novembre au 22 décembre 2011. Les 166 enfants participants à l’étude ont une moyenne d’âge de 58 mois. Nous avons retenu un seuil de difficultés psychologique défini à 9. En Haïti, 51,80 % des enfants ont un score de plus de 9 et 25 % des enfants ont score au dessus de 12. On constate un score plus élevé chez les garçons et dans le groupe des enfants les plus jeunes. Cette première utilisation du PSYCa 3-6 sur un terrain de catastrophe naturelle souligne sa capacité à discriminer les enfants les plus en difficultés, la bonne réception du questionnaire et sa possible utilisation par des non-professionnels en santé mentale sur des terrains de catastrophe humanitaire.
Psychopathologie, attachement et devenir des enfants de mères présentant un trouble de personnalité borderline/état-limite : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Genet Marie-Camille , Golse Bernard , Devouche Emmanuel , Apter Gisèle 
Published: June 2014

Le présent article se propose d’établir une revue de la littérature des douze études réalisées sur les enfants de mère borderline, publiées entre 1995 et 2011. Si le trouble de personnalité de type borderline est décrit dans le DSM depuis 1980 et génère une abondante littérature, notamment quant à l’étiologie de ce trouble et à ses prises en charge (Paris, 2006, 2009), il existe peu d’études concernant les enfants de mères borderline et leur devenir. Le trouble de personnalité borderline est décrit comme « ayant de graves répercussions au sein des relations interpersonnelles ». Les relations interpersonnelles, par essence, sont celles des enfants avec leurs « caregivers », ceux qui leur dispensent des soins, qui les élèvent. Les risques de distorsions précoces voire de carences et/ou de maltraitances, souvent retrouvées dans ces situations familiales, font de l’étude des relations familiales en cas de trouble de personnalité borderline un sujet de santé publique autant que de recherche clinique. Les auteurs présentent cette revue de la littérature en regroupant les études en fonction de l’âge de l’enfant. Elle présente les études portant sur l’observation des interactions mère borderline-bébé, de façon chronologique, puis celles portant sur l’enfant plus grand, centrées sur l’évaluation de la qualité de son attachement, par le biais de ses comportements d’attachement. Ensuite, elle décrit les recherches portant sur l’enfant plus grand, d’âge scolaire (entre 4 et 9 ans). Celles-ci permettent un accès aux représentations d’attachement, grâce au développement des tests portant sur les caractéristiques de la narration chez l’enfant, en lien avec la qualité de ses modalités d’attachement. Cette étude constitue un préambule à une étude longitudinale évaluant le développement et le devenir des enfants de mères présentant un trouble de personnalité borderline.