bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxyhumolite as a Sorbent of CuII from Phosphate‐Containing Solutions
Authors: Kohutová Hana , Kostura Bruno , Kukutschová Jana 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study explores the use of oxyhumolite (OX) for sorption removal of CuII from sewage containing phosphates. It was discovered that the adsorption of CuII markedly depends on pH and linearly increases with increasing pH values. Adsorption efficiency of OX for phosphates is approximately constant (E≈13%) and does not depend on the pH value. The optimum pH range for the selective sorption was determined to be between 3.3–3.7 (ECu≈90%). The good sorption efficiency for CuII results from the high content of humic acids and the presence of inorganic components.
Phosphoric acid purification by suspension melt crystallization: Parametric study of the crystallization and sweating steps
Authors: Wang Baoming , Li Jun , Qi Yabing , Jia Xuhong , Luo Jianhong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn order to purify phosphoric acid, the suspension melt crystallization process was studied. The suspension crystallization experiments were carried out with 80, 84 and 88 wt% phosphoric acid melt at the cooling rates of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 K/min, respectively. Sweating experiments were executed for various crystals obtained in suspension crystallization step. The purification effects of the sweating parameters including sweating time, initial inclusion amount and initial impurity content were studied. The inclusion fraction increases with the increase in cooling rate. The inclusion fraction of the crystals which were formed with feed concentration of 84 wt% phosphoric acid melt is lowest among the three feed concentrations. Different impurities have different purification performances during sweating. High inclusion amount and low impurity concentration favor the purification of H3PO4·0.5H2O crystals during sweating.
Beet Juice‐Induced Green Fabrication of Plasmonic AgCl/Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Kou Jiahui , Varma Rajender S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple, green, and fast approach (complete within 5 min) was explored for the fabrication of hybrid AgCl/Ag plasmonic nanoparticles under microwave (MW) irradiation. In this method, beet juice served as a reducing reagent, which is an abundant sugar‐rich agricultural produce. Interestingly, the obtained AgCl/Ag samples have a smaller size than the AgCl reaction precursor. This makes it an unusual top‐down hydrothermal synthesis. The as‐prepared material displayed good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye.
CD26: A negative selection marker for human Treg cells
Authors: Salgado Francisco J. , Pérez‐Díaz Amparo , Villanueva Nora M. , Lamas Olaya , Arias Pilar , Nogueira Montserrat 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA major obstacle hampering the therapeutic application of regulatory T (Treg) cells is the lack of suitable extracellular markers, which complicates their identification/isolation. Treg cells are normally isolated via CD25 (IL‐2Rα) targeting, but this protein is also expressed by activated CD4+ effector T (Teff) lymphocytes. Other extracellular (positive or negative) Treg selection markers (e.g., HLA‐DR, CD127) are also nonspecific. CD26 is an extracellular peptidase whose high expression has been traditionally used as an indicator of immune activation and effector functions in T cells. Now, we provide flow cytometry data showing high levels of CD26 within CD4+CD25− or CD4+FoxP3−/low effector T (Teff) lymphocytes, but negative or low levels (CD26−/low) in Treg cells selected according to the CD4+CD25high or the CD4+FoxP3high phenotype. Unlike the negative marker CD127 (IL‐7Rα), which is down modulated in CD4+ Teff lymphocytes after TCR triggering, most of these cells upregulate CD26 and take a CD4+CD25+/highCD26+ phenotype upon activation. In contrast, there is only a slight upregulation within Treg cells (CD4+CD25highCD26−/low). Thus, differences in CD26 levels between Treg and Teff subsets are stable, and assessment of this marker, in combination with others like CD25, FoxP3, or CD127, may be useful during the quantitative evaluation or the isolation of Treg cells in samples containing activated Teff lymphocytes (e.g., from patients with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases). © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and effortful control: Relations to salivary alpha‐amylase and cortisol in early childhood
Authors: Taylor Zoe E. , Spinrad Tracy L. , VanSchyndel Sarah K. , Eisenberg Nancy , Huynh Jacqueline , Sulik Michael J. , Granger Douglas A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEarly sociodemographic risk, parenting, and temperament were examined as predictors of the activity of children's (N = 148; 81 boys, 67 girls) hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system. Demographic risk was assessed at 18 months (T1), intrusive/overcontrolling parenting and effortful control were assessed at 30 months (T2), and salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase were collected at 72 (T3) months of age. Demographic risk at T1 predicted lower levels of children's effortful control and higher levels of mothers' intrusive/overcontrolling parenting at T2. Intrusive/overcontrolling parenting at T2 predicted higher levels of children's cortisol and alpha‐amylase at T3, but effortful control did not uniquely predict children's cortisol or alpha‐amylase levels. Findings support the open nature of stress responsive physiological systems to influence by features of the early caregiving environment and underscore the utility of including measures of these systems in prevention trials designed to influence child outcomes by modifying parenting behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 869–880, 2013.
Evaluation of the Neuropad sudomotor function test as a screening tool for polyneuropathy in the elderly population with diabetes and pre‐diabetes: the KORA F4 survey
Authors: Ziegler D. , Papanas N. , Rathmann W. , Heier M. , Scheer M. , Meisinger C. ,   KORA Study Group
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundNeuropad is a novel indicator test for sudomotor dysfunction, which has not been validated as a screening tool in a population‐based study. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of Neuropad as a screening tool for distal symmetric polyneuropathy among elderly subjects with diabetes and pre‐diabetes in the general population.MethodsEligible subjects aged 61–82 years (n = 940) from the KORA F4 survey were examined, 201 of whom had diabetes and 231 had pre‐diabetes (WHO 1999 criteria). Polyneuropathy was defined by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) score >3.ResultsPolyneuropathy was diagnosed in 60 (29.9%) subjects with diabetes and in 45 (19.5%) subjects with pre‐diabetes, respectively (p = 0.013). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of Neuropad (reading time: 10 min) for the diagnosis of polyneuropathy were moderately high, reaching 76.7% and 78.1% in subjects with diabetes and 57.8% and 76.5% in those with pre‐diabetes, respectively. Conversely, the specificity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of polyneuropathy were rather low: 35.5% and 33.6% in diabetic individuals and 33.3% and 17.3% in subjects with pre‐diabetes, respectively. Use of the >2 cut‐off and MNSI combined with monofilament examination did not improve the diagnostic performance of Neuropad.ConclusionsIn the elderly general population with diabetes and pre‐diabetes, Neuropad has reasonable sensitivity but rather low specificity for the diagnosis of polyneuropathy. It is a useful simple and inexpensive tool to screen for and to exclude polyneuropathy as desired, while its low specificity implies that a longer reading time merits consideration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of the polymorphisms 292 C>T and 1304 G>A in the SLC38A4 gene with hyperglycaemia
Authors: González‐Renteria Siblie Marbey , Loera‐Castañeda Verónica , Chairez‐Hernández Isaías , Sosa‐Macias Martha , Paniagua‐Castro Norma , Lares‐Aseff Ismael , Rodríguez‐Moran Martha , Guerrero‐Romero Fernando , Galaviz‐Hernández Carlos 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe SLC38A4 gene is related to system ‘A’ activity, which seems to be related to impaired gluconeogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether the 292 C>T and 1304 G>A polymorphisms of SLC38A4 gene are associated with hyperglycaemia in humans.MethodsA total of 227 individuals were enrolled in a case–control study, in which hyperglycaemia was defined by plasma glucose levels ≥95 mg/dL. Genotyping was carried out by using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe frequency of mutant alleles of SLC38A4 gene for single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1304 G>A was 23.6% and 30.2% for SNP 292 C>T. The frequency of allele T for the SNP 292 C>T in the case and control groups did not show significant differences, whereas the frequency of allele A for the SNP 1304 G>A was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p = 0.04). In the logistic regression analysis, the SNP 1304 G>A [odds ratio (OR) 1.78; 95%CI 1.04–3.05, p = 0.03] but not SNP 292 C>T (OR 1.41; 95%CI 0.80–2.47, p = 0.23) showed a significant association with hyperglycaemia. After adjusting by body mass index, waist circumference and triglycerides, the SNP 1304 G>A remained significantly associated with hyperglycaemia (OR 2.13; 95%CI 1.18–3.83, p = 0.03). Pair wise linkage disequilibrium showed correlation (D′ > 0.82) between 292 C>T and 1304 G>A SNPs. Haplotype association with hyperglycaemia also showed significant association between both homozygous mutant alleles (A/T) and hyperglycaemia (OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.01–2.79, p = 0.048).ConclusionsOur results suggest that mutant allele A for SNP 1304 G>A of SLC38A4 gene is associated with hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid‐Based Bio‐Nanohybrids for Functional Stabilisation of Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Wicklein Bernd , Martín del Burgo M. Ángeles , Yuste María , Darder Margarita , Llavata Carmen Escrig , Aranda Pilar , Ortin Juan , del Real Gustavo , Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLipid‐based bio‐nanohybrids were evaluated as carriers of viral particles in the development of thermally stable and efficacious vaccines against influenza A. Herein, the surfaces of the microfibrous clay sepiolite and the Mg/Al‐type layered double hydroxide were modified with a bilayer lipid membrane on which influenza A virions were immobilised. These vaccines were highly immunogenic in mice and stability studies revealed that thermal and lyophilisation resistance were significantly enhanced when compared with a standard aluminium adjuvant. These findings might be attributable to the colloidal behaviour in combination with the biomimetic interface which improves the carrier‐virus interactions and preserves the molecular architecture of the viral particles. All these characteristics make the here presented clay–lipid biohybrid materials promising candidates for vaccine formulations.
Naphthalene‐Bridged ansa‐Nickelocene: Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemical, and Magnetic Measurements
Authors: Trtica Sabrina , Meyer Enno , Prosenc Marc Heinrich , Heck Jürgen , Böhnert Tim , Görlitz Detlef 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction of naphthalene‐1,8‐diylbis(cyclopentadienylsodium) (1) with the nickel triple‐decker compound [Ni2Cp3]BF4 affords the paramagnetic ansa‐nickelocene 1,1′‐(naphthalene‐1″,8″‐diyl)nickelocene (2). Alternatively, 2 can directly be obtained by a salt metathesis reaction of the disodium salt 1 with hexaammine nickel(II) dichloride [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2. For magnetic dilution experiments, the corresponding but diamagnetic ansa‐ruthenocene 3 was synthesized by reaction of the disodium salt 1 with dichloridotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium(II). The solid‐state molecular structures of 2 and 3 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and revealed bent sandwich complexes. Cyclic voltammetry studies of 2 indicate three oxidation states. The electronic structure of complex 2 has been investigated by variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry has been performed for the neat and diluted samples of 2. The neat crystalline material of 2 displays antiferromagnetic behavior, whereas the susceptibility of the magnetically diluted sample runs into saturation at T < 4 K. This property is in agreement with an intermolecular antiferromagnetic interaction in the bulk material of compound 2 and the triplet ground state calculated by broken‐symmetry (BS)‐DFT calculations.
Variation of the Viologen Electron Relay in Cyclodextrin‐Based Self‐Assembled Systems for Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution from Water
Authors: Contreras Carballada Pablo , Mourtzis Nikos , Felici Marco , Bonnet Sylvestre , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Williams René M. , De Cola Luisa , Feiters Martin C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe light‐driven reduction of protons for the production of molecular hydrogen in multicomponent systems depends on electron relays such as viologens. We describe here the effect of viologens appended with guest moieties (adamantane or bile acid) on the efficiency of a system composed of a cyclodextrin‐appended photosensitizer [Ir(ppy)2(pytl‐βCD)]Cl [ppy = 2‐phenylpyridine; pytl = 2‐(1‐substituted‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine; CD = cyclodextrin], cyclodextrin‐modified Pt nanoparticles as the catalyst, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the sacrificial donor. The system was designed to self‐assemble in a supramolecular manner in order to promote electron transfer and produce hydrogen. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in DMF showed that the electron‐donating adamantyl substituent decreases the reduction potential of the viologen. The use of symmetric and asymmetric guest‐appended viologens gave rise to unexpected phenomena in the H2 evolution. The presence of adamantane or bile acid groups on the viologen induced stabilization and aggregation of the radical cations in water, which is disadvantageous for hydrogen formation.
Processing of Food, Body and Emotional Stimuli in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Authors: Zhu Yikang , Hu Xiaochen , Wang Jijun , Chen Jue , Guo Qian , Li Chunbo , Enck Paul 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe characteristics of the cognitive processing of food, body and emotional information in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are debatable. We reviewed functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to assess whether there were consistent neural basis and networks in the studies to date. Searching PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar between January 1980 and May 2012, we identified 17 relevant studies. Activation likelihood estimation was used to perform a quantitative meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. For both food stimuli and body stimuli, AN patients showed increased hemodynamic response in the emotion‐related regions (frontal, caudate, uncus, insula and temporal) and decreased activation in the parietal region. Although no robust brain activation has been found in response to emotional stimuli, emotion‐related neural networks are involved in the processing of food and body stimuli among AN. It suggests that negative emotional arousal is related to cognitive processing bias of food and body stimuli in AN. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Microtox aquatic toxicity of petrodiesel and biodiesel blends: The role of biodiesel's autoxidation products
Authors: Yassine Mohamad H. , Wu Shuyun , Suidan Makram T. , Venosa Albert D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The acute Microtox toxicity of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of six commercial soybean biodiesel/petrodiesel blends was investigated at different oil loads. We analyzed five fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), C10–C24 n-alkanes, four aromatics, methanol, and total organic carbon (TOC) content. At high oil loads, the WAFs' toxicity was significantly higher for blends containing biodiesel. At the lowest load, the WAFs' toxicity decreased almost linearly with decreasing biodiesel in the blend. At intermediate loads, the WAFs of all the blends appeared to have a similar toxicity. Analysis of WAFs confirmed the presence of autoxidation byproducts of FAMEs at high oil loads. Pure unsaturated FAMEs and n-alkanes were nontoxic when present in water at their reported solubility limits. However, 24-h equilibrated WAFs of pure FAMEs were highly toxic for C18:1 and C18:3, but not for C18:2. The authors concluded that at high oil loads, the acute toxicity of the WAFs was caused by FAMEs' autoxidation byproducts, whereas at low oil loads, the toxicity appeared to be caused primarily by the aromatic compounds present in petrodiesel. The addition of a synthetic antioxidant in biodiesel did not appear to affect the concentration of autoxidation byproducts in the WAF but resulted in a slight decrease in its toxicity. The major autoxidation byproducts identified in the WAF of commercial biodiesel were present neither in the WAFs of pure unsaturated FAMEs nor in the WAF of a different soybean biodiesel that was transesterified in our laboratory, which was nontoxic. We concluded that the process of transesterification of biodiesel might be a more critical factor in determining the aquatic toxicity of the fuel than the source of feedstock itself. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2757–2762. © 2012 SETAC
Barriers to implementing WHO's exclusive breastfeeding policy for women living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: an exploration of ideas, interests and institutions
Authors: Eamer Gwendolen G. , Randall Glen E. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe vertical transmission of HIV occurs when an HIV‐positive woman passes the virus to her baby during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010 recommends exclusive breastfeeding for HIV‐positive mothers in resource‐limited settings. Although evidence shows that following this strategy will dramatically reduce vertical transmission of HIV, full implementation of the WHO Guidelines has been severely limited in sub‐Saharan Africa. This paper provides an analysis of the role of ideas, interests and institutions in establishing barriers to the effective implementation of these guidelines by reviewing efforts to implement prevention of vertical transmission programs in various sub‐Saharan countries. Findings suggest that WHO Guidelines on preventing vertical transmission of HIV through exclusive breastfeeding in resource‐limited settings are not being translated into action by governments and front‐line workers because of a variety of structural and ideological barriers. Identifying and understanding the role played by ideas, interests and institutions is essential to overcoming barriers to guideline implementation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke
Authors: Hecht Stephen S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals including multiple genotoxic lung carcinogens. The classic mechanisms of carcinogen metabolic activation to DNA adducts, leading to miscoding and mutations in critical growth control genes, applies to this mixture but some aspects are difficult to establish because of the complexity of the exposure. This article discusses certain features of this mechanism including the role of nicotine and its receptors; lung carcinogens, co‐carcinogens and related substances in cigarette smoke; structurally characterized DNA adducts in the lungs of smokers; the mutational consequences of DNA adduct formation in smokers' lungs; and biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen uptake as related to lung cancer. While there are still uncertainties which may never be fully resolved, the general mechanisms by which cigarette smoking causes lung cancer are well understood and provide insights relevant to prevention of lung cancer, the number one cancer killer in the world, causing 1.37 million deaths per year.
Preventive and curative effects of radon inhalation on chronic constriction injury‐induced neuropathic pain in mice
Authors: Yamato K. , Kataoka T. , Nishiyama Y. , Taguchi T. , Yamaoka K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundRadon therapy is clinically useful for the treatment of pain‐related diseases. However, there have been no studies regarding the effects of radon inhalation on neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether radon inhalation actually induced a remission of neuropathic pain and improved the quality of life.MethodsFirst, we investigated the antinociceptive effects of radon inhalation in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. We evaluated pain behaviour in mice before and after CCI surgery, using von Frey test. Pretreated mice received CCI surgery immediately after 24‐h inhalation of radon at background (BG) concentration (c. 19 Bq/m3), or at a concentration of 1000 or 2000 Bq/m3, and post‐treated mice inhaled similar levels of radon 2 days after CCI surgery.ResultsCCI surgery induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia on a plantar surface of mice, as assessed using von Frey test, and 2000 Bq/m3 radon inhalation alleviated hyperalgesic conditions 22–37% compared to BG level concentration. Concurrently, CCI surgery increased norepinephrine (NE), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in plasma, and leukocyte migration in paws. Furthermore, CCI‐induced neuropathy reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Treatment with radon inhalation, specifically at a concentration of 2000 Bq/m3, produced antinociceptive effects, i.e., lowered plasma TNF‐α, NE and NO levels and restored SOD activity, as well as pain‐related behaviour.ConclusionsThis study showed that inhalation of 2000 Bq/m3 radon prevented and alleviated CCI‐induced neuropathic pain in mice.