bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food safety knowledge and attitudes among fish vendors in informal markets in Ilorin, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghali-Mohammed Ibraheem , Isola Tajudeen Opeyemi , Adeyemo Ismail Adewuyi , Kadir Rafiu Adebisi , Ambali Hawau Motunrayo , Alhaji Nma Bida , Odetokun Ismail Ayoade 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
With the rising demand for fish and concerns about foodborne illnesses, understanding vendors' perspectives is critical for enhancing food safety standards. This cross-sectional study assessed food safety knowledge and attitudes among fish sellers operating in informal fish markets in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire administered via face-to-face interviews between October and December 2023.
Methods
A total of 240 fish vendors completed the survey. A stepwise backward binary logistic regression model was used to identify independent factors associated with good knowledge or satisfactory attitudes toward food safety among fish vendors.
Results
Over 62.5% of respondents demonstrated good food safety knowledge, particularly in areas such as personal hygiene and cross-contamination. However, misconceptions about foodborne diseases persist. While attitudes toward food safety were generally positive, certain practices such as wearing protective gear were less endorsed. Demographic factors significantly influenced both knowledge and attitude. Logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents of higher age groups were at least 11 times more likely to have satisfactory attitudes (OR: 10.5, 95% CI: 1.8–62.8, p = 0.015) toward food safety. Also, participants with smaller family sizes were four times more likely to display satisfactory attitudes toward fish safety.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, including training programs and government regulations, to improve fish vendors’ food safety practices. Strengthening education and enforcement measures is crucial for safeguarding public health and enhancing the quality of fish products in Ilorin's informal markets.
The contribution of coastal Small-scale Fisheries towards the Sustainable Development Goals: A Kenyan case study
Authors: Fondo Esther N. , Kimani Edward N. , Munga Cosmas N. , Wambiji Nina , Ishmael Nimrod , Mwandikwa David , Busolo Boniface , Okeri Maorine , Abas Sinina , Maina George W. , Bitoun Rachel E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) have a significant contribution to economies of coastal countries, offering employment and healthy and affordable food for communities. Despite an increasing focus on SSFs worldwide, data and knowledge gaps still exist. Furthermore, SSF contribution to SDGs is neither known nor accounted for. Through the Fish2Sustainability (F2S) Project a case study was conducted in Kenya to assess interactions between SSF and SDGs using a Rapid Appraisal Tool and summarize interactions between SFF attributes and SDG targets for selected fishery. A participatory approach was used to collect information from SSF actors’ and experts in each fishery. Data was analyzed using Pycharm software in the Anaconda Package (Anaconda3 version 2023.03-1) to provide polar charts showing the contribution of each SSF towards the SDGs. Results showed variable contributions for different fisheries and that the contribution of Kenya’s SSF towards the SDGs is at a medium level. Introduction
Case Study: Structural Feasibility Analysis for a Reinforced Concrete Building
Authors: Nascimento Júlio Cézar Monteiro , Medeiros Iálysson da Silva , de Lima Douglas Mateus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Currently, there is progressive growth in the construction of residential buildings in Brazil, even though the sector has been affected by two years of the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, there is a demand for structural projects that enable the execution of these works from a structure that is viable from the point of view of safety, good conditions of use, comfort and economy. Technical and practical knowledge is a fundamental requirement for a good project, combined with skill in a technological analysis and sizing tool. Having said that, the present work proposed to develop the analysis and structural design, with the help of the Brazilian software TQS®, of a multi-family residential building in reinforced concrete. The work sought to follow all the design steps of a structure in order to meet the requirements recommended by Brazilian standards. Based on the analyses, it was possible to adopt solutions for the various structural problems that arose during the design and, finally, obtain the final document with all the details of the structure.
PPARγ regulates PNPLA3 in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo in healthy obese patients and mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Dixon Emmanuel , Claudel Thierry , White Ursula , Zimmermann Robert , Haemmerle Guenter , Wabitsch Martin , Mlitz Veronika , Fuchs-Steiner Claudia , Ravussin Eric , Trauner Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The mechanisms regulating the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) are currently unclear. We uncovered that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcriptionally regulates PNPLA3 in vitro and in vivo in humans and diabetic and hyperlipidaemic mice. We observed increased PNPLA3 mRNA transcripts in the subcutaneous femoral but not in the abdominal fat of healthy women with obesity who received 30 mg/day of pioglitazone over 16 weeks in “The Apple & Pear trial (“Cellular Dynamics of Subcutaneous Fat Distribution in Obese Women”; ClinicalTrials.gov ID- NCT01748994)”. Likewise, pioglitazone treatment upregulated Pnpla3 in adipose tissue but not the liver of the STAM mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Since pioglitazone has a moderate effect on human PPARγ, we used the most potent PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, to show that PPARγ regulation of PNPLA3 involves a direct transcriptional mechanism. Mechanistically, we further interrogated the interaction between PNPLA3 and PPARγ using in silico analysis, luciferase reporter assay, gene expression analysis, and gel shift assays. Rosiglitazone increased luciferase activity in PNPLA3 and PPARγ co-transfected cells, demonstrating PPARγ-mediated induction of PNPLA3 promoter activity. Unexpectedly, we identified two binding sites (PPREs), bp -713 to -707 and bp -790 to -780, in the PNPLA3 promoter recognized by PPARγ. Mutation in these newly identified sites abolishes the PPARγ-mediated induction and binding activities. Collectively, these results establish a novel role of PPARγ in PNPLA3 gene regulation.
Clinical course of jaw function recovery following surgical treatment in patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis – correlation with mouth opening rehabilitation
Authors: Ezoe Yushi , Nogami Shinnosuke , Otake Yoshio , Chiba Masatoshi , Takahashi Tetsu , Yamauchi Kensuke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Treatment of osseous temporomandibular joint ankylosis often requires a surgical procedure. While postoperative rehabilitation is important for prevention of relapse, the contributions of rehabilitation and period of such therapy remain unclear. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation on range of mouth opening after TMJA surgery.
Methods
Twelve patients who underwent surgery for gap arthroplasty or interpositional arthroplasty were enrolled. The course of maximal incisal opening in patients divided by surgical method, gap size, and period of rehabilitation, particularly relapse of maximal incisal opening was analyzed.
Results
Average relapse of maximal incisal opening after surgery in patients with a gap size ≥ 15 mm was 12.0 ± 11.2 mm, while that in those with a gap size < 15 mm was 8.9 ± 12.6 mm. Average relapse of maximal incisal opening after surgery in patients with gap arthroplasty was 12.3 ± 7.6 mm, while that in those with interpositional arthroplasty was 7.5 ± 15.2 mm. Patients with a rehabilitation period of < 12 months after surgery showed an average relapse of maximal incisal opening of 14.1 ± 10.7 mm, while that in those who underwent rehabilitation for ≥ 12 months was 7.4 ± 16.3 mm.
Conclusions
During the relatively long-term clinical follow-up period of 24 months, the importance of rehabilitation was noted and the present results demonstrate its role in preventing relapse after TMJA surgery.
Testing the incremental effectiveness of pay-for-performance to improve implementation of a motivational interviewing brief intervention for substance use disorders in HIV settings: Results of a parallel cluster-randomized type 3 hybrid trial
Authors: Garner Bryan R , Tueller Stephen J. , Bradshaw Michael , Speck Kathryn J. , Satre Derek , Rash Carla , Donohoe Tom , Mungo Jackie , Philbrick Sarah , Ruwala Richa , Roosa Mathew R. , Zehner Mark , II James H. Ford 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) have a serious adverse impact on the physical and mental well-being of people with HIV. Previously, using a 39-site dual-randomized type 2 hybrid trial design, findings from the Substance Abuse Treatment to HIV Care Project supported the Implementation and Sustainment Facilitation (ISF) strategy to improve implementation and effectiveness of a motivational interviewing brief intervention (MIBI) for SUD within HIV service settings across the United States (US). Building on this trial, this parallel cluster-randomized type 3 hybrid trial aimed to test the incremental effectiveness of a pay-for-performance (P4P), a form of the “alter incentive/allowance structures” strategy.
Methods: Twenty-six HIV service organizations, their staff participants (N=87), and their client participants (N=341) were cluster-randomized to one of two implementation conditions. The control condition included staff-focused training, feedback, and consultation (TFC) and team-focused implementation and sustainment (ISF). The experimental condition included TFC+ISF as well as P4P (TFC+ISF+P4P). P4P used financial incentives to reward MIBI implementation (US$10 per MIBI delivered) and MIBI implementation at or above a pre-defined level of quality (US$10 per demonstration). In addition to these outcomes, past 4-week changes/reductions in client participant’s days of primary substance use and anxiety symptoms were examined.
Results: The addition of P4P had a large and significant effect on the number of MIBIs implemented (d=1.30, p<.05) and reduction in anxiety (d=-1.54), but there was no impact on days of substance use. P4P had large effects on MIBI quality (d=1.24) and MIBI implementation effectiveness (d=1.28), but these were not significant (p<.10).
Conclusions: P4P is a form of the “alter incentive/allowance structures” strategy. Its function is to reward the implementation of a clinical innovation. Rewarding implementation is consistent with the theory of implementation effectiveness, which suggests implementation climate (i.e., the extent to which implementation is expected, supported, and rewarded) is a key antecedent of implementation effectiveness (i.e., the consistency and quality of implementation). We found that P4P had a significant, positive impact on MIBI implementation in HIV service settings, but client-level outcomes were mixed. Future research should examine the effectiveness of the P4P strategy to improve implementation and sustainment of other evidence-based innovations.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04687917. Registered 12/18/2020.
NIR Emissive Biomimetic Ghost Nanovesicles for Site-Selective Solid Tumor Imaging
Authors: PRASAD RAJENDRA , Prerna Kumari , Temgire Mayur , Banerjee Pinaki , Kumari Rohini , Kundu Gopal C , Kumari Simpi , Bellare Jayesh , Dubey Vikash Kumar , Chandra Pranjal , Gorain Mahadeo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Optically active biomimetic ghosts nanovesicles are highly potent as imaging agents for site-selective solid tumor imaging with deep tissue visualization. However, reported systems are limited with poor brightness and photostability with NIR absorption and emission. Herein, cancer cell membrane derived biomimetic ghost nanovesicles (~60 nm) have been engineered with amphiphilic dyes aggregates for site-selective solid tumor imaging in pre-clinical models. Entrapped dye aggregates within biomimetic ghost nanovesicles (BNVs, 505 to 828 dye molecules/vesicle) exhibit promising fluorescence and photostability (up to 30 days) showing ultra-brightness (778 MESF) with promising tumor fluorescence signals (760 nm excitation) compared to free dye molecules and dye aggregates. Dye aggregates-BNVs exhibit significantly different imaging response than amphiphilic monomers-BNVs. Lipophilic and amphiphilic structural layers and surface biomarkers of ghost nanovesicles are examined through physicochemical measurements, corroborated with cargo release kinetics. Controlled body weight, long time survival and histopathology examinations ensure the in vivo biocompatibility of these intravenously administrated biomimetic imaging agents. Our findings suggest that these ghosts nanovesicles mimic the biological characteristics of native cells, enabling them to evade immune clearance.
Trends Analysis and Future Study of Medical and Pharmacy Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bashirynejad Manuchehr , Soleymani Fatemeh , Nikfar Shekoufeh , Zackery Ali , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas , Majdzadeh Reza , Fatemi Behzad , Zare Nafiseh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of emerging trends and future developments in medical and pharmacy education, addressing the need to adapt educational approaches to the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in multiple databases to identify relevant studies published between April 2014 and April 2024. Studies pertaining to trends, forecasting, and future directions in medical and pharmacy education were included. Data extraction and synthesis followed a comprehensive process involving independent reviewers and standardized forms. Emerging themes were identified through coding and conceptual mapping techniques.
Results
Out of the 926 records found, a total of 22 studies were reviewed, revealing several key trends: 1) Integration of artificial intelligence (AI), virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR), and digital technologies to enhance learning and skills; 2) Curricular reforms emphasizing interprofessional education, value-based care, population health, and social determinants; 3) Adoption of multidisciplinary approaches incorporating genomics, biotechnology, and data science; 4) Increased focus on preventive care and chronic disease management; 5) Establishment of ethical frameworks and competency standards for human-AI collaboration. A significant emphasis was placed on balancing technological innovation with core clinical skills and humanistic values.
Conclusions
This review highlights transformative trends in medical and pharmacy education, providing insights for stakeholders on aligning curricula and teaching methods with the evolving healthcare landscape. Embracing technological advancements like AI and VR/AR, while promoting adaptability, interdisciplinary collaboration, and patient-centered care, is essential for maintaining educational relevance. Developing a workforce proficient in human-AI collaboration and equipped with multidisciplinary expertise is crucial for future healthcare delivery.
Developing a Canadian Artificial Intelligence Medical Curriculum: A Delphi Study
Authors: Singla Rohit , Pupic Nikola , Ghaffari-Zadeh Seyed-Aryan , Kim Caroline , Forster Bruce , Hacihaliloglu Ilker 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) education into medical curricula is critical for preparing future healthcare professionals. This research employed the Delphi method to establish an expert-based AI curriculum for Canadian undergraduate medical students. A panel of 18 experts in health and AI across Canada participated in three rounds of surveys to determine essential AI learning competencies. The study identified key curricular components across ethics, law, theory, application, communication, collaboration, and quality improvement. The findings demonstrate substantial support among medical educators and professionals for the inclusion of comprehensive AI education, with 82 out of 107 curricular competencies being deemed essential to address both clinical and educational priorities. It additionally provides suggestions on methods to integrate these competencies within existing dense medical curricula. The endorsed set of objectives aims to enhance AI literacy and application skills among medical students, equipping them to effectively utilize AI technologies in future healthcare settings.
A Roadmap for Personalized Medicine: the findings of the IC2PerMed Project
Authors: Beccia Flavia , Causio Francesco Andrea , Marcantonio Marzia Di , Hoxhaj Ilda , Cadeddu Chiara , Campagno Melissa , Schleicher Lena , Fotino Carmen , Tauchert Maike , Lomazzi Marta , Wang Lili , Wang Wenya , Huang Huiyao , Ricciardi Walter , Boccia Stefania 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Personalized medicine (PM) tailors prevention and treatment to individuals based on their unique characteristics. It can improve health outcomes and healthcare sustainability by optimizing resource allocation. The European Union (EU) and China both prioritize PM. The IC2PerMed project aims to facilitate collaboration by developing a PM roadmap. This paper presents the main project’s output, a roadmap for implementing PM in the EU and China, promoting best practice exchange, and addressing potential barriers. We assessed PM in the EU and China by mapping policies, programs, funding mechanisms, and health ecosystems. Three Delphi surveys highlighted 65 priorities, which were synthesized into actions. The study identifies priorities to unlock PM's potential for healthcare transformation and better public health. The roadmap includes structural actions, like enhancing health literacy, fostering intersectoral and international collaboration, continuously reviewing technologies, and facilitating innovation market entry through needs assessment and Health Technology Assessment. Data interoperability and shared standards are critical for creating international platforms, and ethical, social, and regulatory considerations are universal in PM processes. A shared action plan can guide health policy and help policymakers understand the interconnection between healthcare, the economy, and society. By supporting international projects and investing in research and innovation, stakeholders can advance global healthcare.
The removal of excessive neutrophil extracellular traps is helpful for delaying the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Wu , Xue Lei , Zeng Qiang , Hao Xiaoke , Liu Linglin , Liang Cheng , Zhou Weijia , Liu Yunhua , Deng Guohong , Xiong Wei , Dai Xiaotian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are elevated in peripheral blood and sputum in patients with COPD, but the effect of NETs on the occurrence of COPD is unknown. There is no effective prevention method for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In order to investigate the role of removing excessive NETs in preventing the occurrence of COPD, we evaluated a mouse model of COPD and the delaying effect of removing excessive NETs by aerosolised inhalation of DNase I. We found that a mouse model of COPD could be successfully established after 12 weeks of LPS + CS intervention; LPS + CS exposure produced excess NETs; DNase I nebulised inhalation was effective in reducing NETs levels; and removal of excessive NETs reduced apoptosis and microthrombus formation in lung epithelial cells, attenuated systemic and pulmonary inflammatory responses, and attenuated lung pathological changes and loss of lung function. These data demonstrate for the first time that removal of excess NETs can effectively protect lung function and delay the onset of COPD.
Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction of Urological Phone Call Versus WhatsApp Consultation During Covid-19 Lockdown
Authors: Alnazari Mansour , Abdullah Sulaiman , Bakhsh Abdulaziz , Alghamdi Musab M. , Moalwi Adel , Rajih Emad S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Telemedicine has evolved as an essential tool for delivering healthcare services, particularly amidst obstacles such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have demonstrated good effects and greater patient satisfaction with telemedicine counseling. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and patient satisfaction of two telemedicine modalities: WhatsApp chat versus phone calls.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2022 in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, consent forms were obtained, and 10-point scale questionnaires were utilized to determine patient satisfaction. The same measure was also used to assess urologists on their level of confidence in diagnosis. Conventional statistical tests like the t-test and Fisher's exact test were employed in statistical analyses.
Results
77 participants were included in this study, 32 (41.6%) used phone call consultations and 45 (58.4%) chose WhatsApp consultations. Most participants in both groups were male (74.2% and 68.2%; p = 0.616). The mean age was 37.9 ± 17.0 and 32.5 ± 16.2 years for the phone call group and WhatsApp group respectively (p = 0.163). The phone call group expressed significantly higher satisfaction at the time of the consultations compared to WhatsApp users (8.7 vs. 8.0; p = 0.030). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding urologists' confidence in diagnosis (7.7 vs. 7.8; p = 0.935) or satisfaction with follow-up consultations (9.0 vs. 8.7; p = 0.570).
Conclusion
This study revealed no significant differences in patient outcomes or physician confidence in management using phone calls versus WhatsApp chats as a telemedicine modalities, indicating both the patients and healthcare professionals can make good use of both approaches. Notably, patients using phone calls achieved higher satisfaction at the time of consultation and tend to use this modality in urgent situations.
Convenient virtual reality exposure self-training for social anxiety: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Kan Chinghsiang , Wang Yifan , Hu Ruoyun , Chen Ke , Zhang Ya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

People with social anxiety (SA) experience emotions that are disproportionate to the objective threat when facing social situations where they might be scrutinized by others. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) therapy has now been explored as a novel and cost-effective mode of psychological treatment, however, less previous randomized controlled trial has examined whether self-help VRE training using convenient appliances can effectively decrease SA symptoms with a long-term effect. Participants with high SA (n = 61) were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n = 31) or a waiting list control group (n = 30). Mixed ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between TIME and GROUP for SA and negative emotion. Within-group analysis demonstrated that there was a significant reduction in measures from pre-intervention to post-intervention for the intervention group, however, the difference for the control group did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in SA symptoms, negative emotions and mental health state from pre-intervention to a one-month follow-up. These findings illustrate that self-help VRE training using convenient appliances is an efficacious way to significantly reduce SA and negative emotions, at least for one month.