bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Hybrid Peroxidase Catalysts for Remediation of Phenol Wastewater
Authors: Duan Xiaonan , Corgié Stéphane C. , Aneshansley Daniel J. , Wang Peng , Walker Larry P. , Giannelis Emmanuel P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report a new family of hierarchical hybrid catalysts comprised of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–magnetic nanoparticles for advanced oxidation processes and demonstrate their utility in the removal of phenol from water. The immobilized HRP catalyzes the oxidation of phenols in the presence of H2O2, producing free radicals. The phenoxy radicals react with each other in a non‐enzymatic process to form polymers, which can be removed by precipitation with salts or condensation. The hybrid peroxidase catalysts exhibit three times higher activity than free HRP and are able to remove three times more phenol from water compared to free HRP under similar conditions. In addition, the hybrid catalysts reduce substrate inhibition and limit inactivation from reaction products, which are common problems with free or conventionally immobilized enzymes. Reusability is improved when the HRP–magnetic nanoparticle hybrids are supported on micron‐scale magnetic particles, and can be retained with a specially designed magnetically driven reactor. The performance of the hybrid catalysts makes them attractive for several industrial and environmental applications and their development might pave the way for practical applications by eliminating most of the limitations that have prevented the use of free or conventionally immobilized enzymes.
Pickering‐Emulsion Inversion Strategy for Separating and Recycling Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Yu Yuhong , Fu Luman , Zhang Fengwei , Zhou Ting , Yang Hengquan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWith the recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology, more and more nanoparticle catalysts featuring high accessibility of active sites and high surface area have been explored for their use in various chemical transformations, and their rise in popularity among the catalysis community has been unprecedented. The industrial applications of these newly discovered catalysts, however, are hampered because the existing methods for separation and recycling, such as filtration and centrifugation, are generally unsuccessful. These limitations have prompted development of new methods that facilitate separation and recycling of nanoparticle catalysts, so as to meet the burgeoning demands of green and sustainable chemistry. Recently, we have found that Pickering‐emulsion inversion is an appealing strategy with which to realize in situ separation and recycling of nanoparticle catalysts and thereby to establish sustainable catalytic processes. We feel that at such an early stage, this strategy, as an alternative to conventional methods, is conceptually new for readers but that it has potential to become a popular method for green catalysis. This Concept article aims to provide a timely link between previous efforts and both current and future research on nanoparticle catalysts, and is expected to facilitate further investigation into this strategy.
Enantiodifferentiation through Frequency‐Selective Pure‐Shift 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Castañar Laura , Pérez‐Trujillo Míriam , Nolis Pau , Monteagudo Eva , Virgili Albert , Parella Teodor 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA frequency‐selective 1D 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment for the fast and sensitive determination of chemical‐shift differences between overlapped resonances is proposed. The resulting fully homodecoupled 1H NMR resonances appear as resolved 1D singlets without their typical J(HH) coupling constant multiplet structures. The high signal dispersion that is achieved is then exploited in enantiodiscrimination studies by using chiral solvating agents.
Fast Pyrolysis of Wood for Biofuels: Spatiotemporally Resolved Diffuse Reflectance In situ Spectroscopy of Particles
Authors: Paulsen Alex D. , Hough Blake R. , Williams C. Luke , Teixeira Andrew R. , Schwartz Daniel T. , Pfaendtner Jim , Dauenhauer Paul J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFast pyrolysis of woody biomass is a promising process capable of producing renewable transportation fuels to replace gasoline, diesel, and chemicals currently derived from nonrenewable sources. However, biomass pyrolysis is not yet economically viable and requires significant optimization before it can contribute to the existing oil‐based transportation system. One method of optimization uses detailed kinetic models for predicting the products of biomass fast pyrolysis, which serve as the basis for the design of pyrolysis reactors capable of producing the highest value products. The goal of this work is to improve upon current pyrolysis models, usually derived from experiments with low heating rates and temperatures, by developing models that account for both transport and pyrolysis decomposition kinetics at high heating rates and high temperatures (>400 °C). A new experimental technique is proposed herein: spatiotemporally resolved diffuse reflectance in situ spectroscopy of particles (STR‐DRiSP), which is capable of measuring biomass composition during fast pyrolysis with high spatial (10 μm) and temporal (1 ms) resolution. Compositional data were compared with a comprehensive 2D single‐particle model, which incorporated a multistep, semiglobal reaction mechanism, prescribed particle shrinkage, and thermophysical properties that varied with temperature, composition, and orientation. The STR‐DRiSP technique can be used to determine the transport‐limited kinetic parameters of biomass decomposition for a wide variety of biomass feedstocks.
Organic–Inorganic Thin Films from TiCl4 and 4‐Aminophenol Precursors: A Model Case of ALD/MLD Hybrid‐Material Growth?
Authors: Sundberg Pia , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Pia Sundberg and Maarit Karppinen from the Aalto University, Finland. The cover image shows the deposition cycle of a (Ti–O–C6H4–N=)n‐type thin film grown by a combined atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique with TiCl4 and 4‐aminophenol as precursors.
Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose with a Gold Nanowire Array Electrode
Authors: Zhao Yue , Chu Jian , Li Shu‐Hong , Li Wen‐Wei , Liu Gang , Tian Yang‐Chao , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHigh‐performance electrodes for in vivo electrochemical detection of glucose (GO) are highly desirable. In this work, we propose a new approach to efficiently and precisely prepare a Au nanowire array electrode (ANAE) with a line width of 78 nm and a large sensor area of 60 mm×60 mm for GO detection. In this approach three techniques, i.e., vacuum sputtering‐deposition, holography photolithography, and argon ion‐beam etching, are integrated. The fabricated ANAE exhibits good performance for GO detection. A linear amperometric response to the oxidation of GO in a concentration range of 0.4–10 mM is observed. The ANAE is characterized by its high detection sensitivity, selectivity, stability and good biocompatibility. All of these make it a promising tool for GO detection and other relevant applications.
A Novel Sensor Based on Manganese azo‐Macrocycle/Carbon Nanotubes to Perform the Oxidation and Reduction Processes of Two Diphenol Isomers
Authors: Silva Saimon Moraes , de Oliveira Fernando Mota , Justino Danielle Diniz , Kubota Lauro Tatsuo , Tanaka Auro Atsushi , Damos Flavio Santos , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe present work describes the development of a selective and sensitive voltammetric sensor for simultaneous determination of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ), based on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with manganese phthalocyanine azo‐macrocycle (MnPc) adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Scanning electron microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy were used to characterize the composite material (MnPc/MWCNT) on the glassy carbon electrode surface. The modified electrode showed excellent electrochemical activity towards the simultaneous oxidation and reduction of CC and HQ. On the MnPc/MWCNT/GC electrode, both CC and HQ can generate a pair of quasi‐reversible and well‐defined redox peaks. Under optimized experimental and operational conditions, the cathodic peak currents were linear over the range 1–600 µmol L−1 for both CC and HQ, with limits of detection of 0.095 and 0.041 µmol L−1, respectively. The anodic peak currents were also linear over the range 1–600 µmol L−1 for both CC and HQ, with limits of detection of 0.096 and 0.048 µmol L−1, respectively. The proposed method was effectively applied for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol in water samples and the results were in agreement with those obtained by a comparative method described in the literature.
Preparation and Characterization of Electrodes Modified with Pyrrole Surfactant, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Metallophthalocyanines for the Electrochemical Detection of Thiols
Authors: Rangel Argote Magdalena , Sánchez Guillén Elizabeth , Gutiérrez Porras Ana Gabriela , Serrano Torres Oracio , Richard Cyrille , Zagal José H. , Bedioui Fethi , Gutierrez Granados Silvia , Griveau Sophie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOur aim was to prepare hybrid electrodes active towards the electrooxidation of thiols by the co‐immobilization of native carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) from aqueous solutions. This strategy was adopted to avoid the oxidation of CNTs that can induce a modification of their exceptional properties. To do so, a hydrosoluble pyrrole surfactant was used to get homogeneous aqueous dispersions of CNTs and CoPc and to trap both materials on the electrode via the electropolymerization of the pyrrole surfactant. The hybrid electrodes exhibit a good electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of L‐cysteine and glutathione. Their performances in terms of limit of detection (0.01 mM) are compatible with the detection of these thiols in biological samples.
Determination of Trace Lead and Cadmium in Water Samples by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Nafion‐Ionic Liquid‐Coated Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Yang Die , Wang Liang , Chen Zuliang , Megharaj Mallavarapu , Naidu Ravi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new chemically modified bismuth film electrode coated with an ionic liquid [(1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EMIM TCB)] and Nafion was developed for the simultaneous determination Pb2+ and Cd2+ by anodic stripping voltammetry. Compared with conventional bismuth film electrodes, this electrode exhibited greatly improved electrochemical activity for Pb2+ and Cd2+ detection due to the unique properties of Nafion polymer and ionic liquid. The key experimental parameters related to the fabrication of the electrode and the voltammetric measurements were optimized on the basis of the stripping signals, where the peak currents increased linearly with the metal concentrations in a range of 10–120 µg L−1 with a detect limit of 0.2 µg L−1 for Pb2+, and 0.5 µg L−1 for Cd2+ for 120s deposition. High reproducibility was indicated from the relative standard deviations (1.9 and 2.5 %) for nine repetitive measurements of 20 µg L−1 Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively. In addition, the surface characteristics of the modified BiFE were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and results showed that fibril‐like bismuth nanostructures were formed on the porous Nafion polymer matrix. Finally, the developed electrode was applied to determine Pb2+ and Cd2+ in water samples, indicating that this electrode was sensitive, reliable and effective for the simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+.
Group III Nitrides
Authors: Christen Jürgen , Gil Bernard 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe nitride semiconductors have emerged as important and promising materials for a wide field of optoelectronic and electronic applications. LEDs based on GaN and its alloys with InN and GaN exhibit green, blue and UV high brightness emission levels which are ready to serve many indoor and outdoor applications. Combined with the available red LEDs or by using RGB phosphors they can be used for displays as well as for illumination purpose in office, at home, in automobiles, aircraft airport runways, ships etc. Blue laser diodes based on the same material systems are already available to be used for data storage on CD ROMs with densities in excess of 1 Gbite per cm2. This makes affordable high density digital information storage systems possible for a huge consumer market of movies in high picture quality on one CD ROM. Electronic devices based on nitrides and SiC are using the superior electrical properties for high power, high frequency and high temperature applications. However, this huge potential of promising material properties and fields of applications can only be used in a wide and economic manner, if several substantial deficiencies and drawback of the materials can be overcome. These relate mostly to severe structural imperfections of the crystals and epitaxial layers and especially the lack of substrates for GaN homoepitaxy. This volume gathered papers related to some of the scientific results presented during a symposium dedicated to III‐nitrides which was organized by Jürgen Christen, Russell Dean Dupuis, Bernard Gil, Matthew Phillips and Akihiko Yoshikawa under the umbrella of the European Material Society, during its 2013 Spring Meeting. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Father absence and timing of menarche in adolescent girls from a UK cohort: The mediating role of maternal depression and major financial problems
Authors: Culpin Iryna , Heron Jon , Araya Ricardo , Melotti Roberto , Lewis Glyn , Joinson Carol 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn a prospective birth cohort study of 5295 girls from the UK‐based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we examined the association between biological father absence in childhood and age at menarche whilst adjusting for antenatal indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage and maternal characteristics. We also examined whether exposure to maternal depression and financial problems during middle childhood mediate the association between father absence and age at menarche. There was stronger evidence for an association between father absence during the first 5 years of life and early timing of menarche compared with father absence between 5 and 10 years. There was evidence that maternal depression and major financial problems explained some of the association between early childhood father absence and age at menarche. Although father absence cannot be a direct target of prevention, family‐based programs to address family processes influenced by maternal depression and socioeconomic disadvantage may be effective.
A prospective evaluation of the predictive value of faecal calprotectin in quiescent Crohn's disease
Authors: Naismith Graham D. , Smith Lyn A. , Barry Sarah J.E. , Munro Joanna I. , Laird Susan , Rankin Karen , Morris Allan J. , Winter Jack W. , Gaya Daniel R. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive marker of gastrointestinal inflammation.

Aim
To determine whether higher FC levels in individuals with quiescent Crohn's disease are associated with clinical relapse over the ensuing 12 months.

Methods
A single centre prospective study was undertaken in Crohn's disease patients in clinical remission. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the primary endpoint of clinical relapse by 12 months, based on FC at baseline, was calculated. Kaplan–Meier curves of time to relapse were based on the resulting optimal FC cutoff for predicting relapse.

Results
Of 97 patients recruited, 92 were either followed up for 12 months without relapsing, or reached the primary endpoint within that period. Of these, 10 (11%) relapsed by 12 months. Median FC was lower for non-relapsers, 96 μg/g (IQR 39–237), than for relapsers, 414 μg/g (IQR 259–590), (p = 0.005). The area under the ROC curve to predict relapse using FC was 77.4%. An optimal cutoff FC value of 240 μg/g to predict relapse had sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 74.4%. Negative predictive value was 96.8% and positive predictive value was 27.6%, FC ≥ 240 μg/g was associated with likelihood of relapse by 12-months 12.18 (95%CI 2.55–58.2) times higher than lower values (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
In this prospective dataset, FC is a useful tool to help identify quiescent Crohn's disease patients at a low risk of relapse over the ensuing 12 months. FC of 240 μg/g was the optimal cutoff in this cohort.
Three‐phase rectifiers with suboptimal current injection and improved efficiency
Authors: Darijević Milan , Janković Marija , Pejović Predrag , Kolar Johann Walter , Nishida Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2014

Three‐phase diode bridge rectifiers that apply suboptimal current injection and active resistance emulation are analysed. Two types of current injection devices (CIDs) are in the focus, and rectifiers with each CID are analysed for two cases of active resistance emulation: one that applies low‐frequency filtering of the emulator output, and another that does not. Models that cover both continuous and discontinuous conduction mode are developed. To minimise the input current total harmonic distortion (THD), optimisation is performed, showing that in each case the THD is about the same when the emulated resistance takes its optimal value. The results are experimentally verified on a 1.5 kW rectifier.
Two‐stage LED street lighting system based on a novel single‐stage AC/DC converter
Authors: Wang Yijie , Guan Yueshi , Liang Xinyu , Wang Wei , Xu Dianguo 
Published: February 2014

A two‐stage street lighting system is presented, where the front stage is a single‐stage AC/DC converter based on the sepic circuit and flyback converter. Since the sepic circuit and flyback converter share a switching device, the costs of the system can be reduced, and the efficiency and reliability can be improved. At the same time, the switch operates in quasi‐resonant state, which reduces the switching losses and enhances the efficiency. The second stage is a light‐emitting diode constant current circuit, which achieves the constant current control by adopting boost circuit in peak current control mode. A 100 W prototype is presented, which confirms the correctness of the analysis, the front stage work in the soft‐switching condition and the efficiency is up to 83% when the system is in full load condition.
“What’s in a name?”
Authors: Snell-Hornby Mary 
Published: February 2014

Terminology has often proved to be a problem in scholarly discourse, and Translation Studies is a case in point. Even the name of the discipline has been an issue since James Holmes brought it up in 1972, and the central concept of the time, equivalence, despite incessant debate and revaluation in some schools of thought, has in others long since been discarded as an illusion. Basically there are three possibilities open to the scholar wanting to introduce a new technical term:
– As in the case of norm (Toury), a word from general language can be used in a specified sense and defined as such. The danger arises that it can be misinterpreted and used differently in other languages (as with Vermeer’s Norm).
– the invention of completely new terms, as with Justa Holz-Mänttäri’s Botschaftsträger.
– A word is taken over from a classical dead language, such as Latin or Greek, and given a specific definition for the theory concerned, as was the case with skopos in the functionalist approach.
Referring to experience in editing the Handbuch Translation, the essay discusses this issue in detail. It also deals with the use of English as a lingua franca in the metadiscourse of Translation Studies.
The importance of length and age composition data in statistical age-structured models for marine species
Authors: Ono Kotaro , Licandeo Roberto , Muradian Melissa L. , Cunningham Curry J. , Anderson Sean C. , Hurtado-Ferro Felipe , Johnson Kelli F. , McGilliard Carey R. , Monnahan Cole C. , Szuwalski Cody S. , Valero Juan L. , Vert-Pre Katyana A. , Whitten Athol R. , Punt André E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractManagement of marine resources depends on the assessment of stock status in relation to established reference points. However, many factors contribute to uncertainty in stock assessment outcomes, including data type and availability, life history, and exploitation history. A simulation–estimation framework was used to examine the level of bias and accuracy in assessment model estimates related to the quality and quantity of length and age composition data across three life-history types (cod-, flatfish-, and sardine-like species) and three fishing scenarios. All models were implemented in Stock Synthesis, a statistical age-structured stock assessment framework. In general, the value of age composition data in informing estimates of virgin recruitment (R0), relative spawning-stock biomass (SSB100/SSB0), and terminal year fishing mortality rate (F100), decreased as the coefficient of variation of the relationship between length and age became greater. For this reason, length data were more informative than age data for the cod and sardine life histories in this study, whereas both sources of information were important for the flatfish life history. Historical composition data were more important for short-lived, fast-growing species such as sardine. Infrequent survey sampling covering a longer period was more informative than frequent surveys covering a shorter period.
Demonstration of a spatially explicit, tag-integrated stock assessment model with application to three interconnected stocks of yellowtail flounder off of New England
Authors: Goethel Daniel R. , Legault Christopher M. , Cadrin Steven X. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIgnoring population structure and connectivity in stock assessment models can introduce bias into important management metrics. Tag-integrated assessment models can account for spatially explicit population dynamics by modelling multiple population components, each with unique demographics, and estimating movement among them. A tagging submodel is included to calculate predicted tag recaptures, and observed tagging data are incorporated in the objective function to inform estimates of movement and mortality. We describe the tag-integrated assessment framework and demonstrate its use through an application to three stocks of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) off New England. Movement among the three yellowtail flounder stocks has been proposed as a potential source of uncertainty in the closed population assessments of each. A tagging study was conducted during 2003–2006 with over 45 000 tagged fish released in the region, and the tagging data were included in the tag-integrated model. Results indicated that movement among stocks was low, estimates of stock size and fishing mortality were similar to those from conventional stock assessments, and incorporating stock connectivity did not resolve residual patterns. Despite low movement estimates, new interpretations of regional stock dynamics may have important implications for regional fisheries management given the source-sink nature of movement estimates.