bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing Charge Injection and Transport in Organic Light-emitting Diodes with a Transparent Conductive Tungsten Oxide Layer
Authors: Acharya R. , Li X. M. , Lu Y. , Cao X. A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTHigh-brightness green phosphorescent hybrid inorganic-organic light-emitting diodes (HyLEDs) and inverted HyLEDs (IHyLEDs) have been demonstrated. The devices comprised a transparent and conductive WO3 layer deposited by thermal evaporation, which improved both hole injection and transport, and led to more balanced charge injection and significant performance enhancement. At 20 mA/cm2, the HyLEDs had a low operation voltage of 6.1 V, 0.8 V lower than that of OLEDs with an organic hole transport layer. With an optimized layer structure, the HyLEDs reached 104 cd/m2 brightness at 7.3 V. At this brightness level, the current efficiency was 55.2 cd/A, 57% higher than that of the OLEDs. In the IHyLEDs, facile hole injection and transport through WO3 was balanced by electron injection from the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) cathode overcoated with nanometer-thick Ca, leading to a low turn-on voltage of ∼6 V. Brightness of 8133 cd/m2 was reached at 20 mA/cm2 and the corresponding current efficiency was 40 cd/A. The hybrid devices also exhibited markedly improved stability under constant-current stressing due to the robust WO3 hole transport layer.
Designing a Regional Policy of Agrotourism – The Case of Auvergne Region (France)
Authors: Marsat Jean-Bernard , Menegazzi Pauline , Monin Céline , Bonniot Aurore , Bouchaud Monique 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe present article reports the meeting of a research program on rural tourism with the need of knowledge expressed for a new policy in favour of agritourism, led by the Region Auvergne (France). The research program (Modintour, 2008-2011) dealt with models of tourism and studied the territorial integration of tourism. Integration of tourism develops complementarities with other local activities. Indeed agritourism is an activity which associates two distinctive sectors. The empirical study shows some importance of agritourism for the local offer, especially in the destinations of dispersed tourism. It highlights the diversity of the logics of the farmers and of their networks. It shows the relevance of support already available for the farmers through consular chamber and networks. But it shows also the stake of better cooperation between networks, the need to link the existing support system to the specialised tourism bodies, and the need for a renewed common strategy.
Helminth fauna of wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in the Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Á. , Feliu C. , Miquel J. , Torres J. , Foronda P. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Helminths were examined in 292 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected in Tenerife, Fuerteventura, La Palma and El Hierro islands, and La Graciosa islet (Canary Islands, Spain), from 2008 to 2012. Three species of cestodes, Taenia pisiformis (Taeniidae), Andrya cuniculi and Neoctenotaenia ctenoides (Anoplocephalidae), and three species of nematodes Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Trichostrongylidae), Passalurus ambiguus (Oxyuridae) and Calodium hepaticum (Capillariidae), were identified. Only 2 species (N. ctenoides and P. ambiguus) were regularly present in all the islands, with an average prevalence above 50 %. Possible causes of the present distribution of helminths are commented. Insular and founder effects on parasite species in isolated ecosystems are demonstrated. The finding of the zoonotic species C. hepaticum solely in La Palma, represents a novel identification of this nematode in O. cuniculus in the Canary Islands.
Natural infection with Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in the European bison (Bison bonasus) in Białowieża National Park, Poland
Authors: Kiziewicz B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine prevalence of appearance of Fasciola hepatica L. among European bison Bison bonasus selected in Białowieża National Park, Poland from 2001 to 2006. The analyzed ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences of nuclear DNA of Fasciola hepatica have a length of 433bp and an AT content of 47.8 % and a length of 365 bp and an AT content of 51.2 % respectively. Among 178 bison liver fluke was found in liver of 63 (35.3 %) individuals including as follow: in 39 (21.9 %) adults, 11 (6.1 %) juveniles and 13 (7.3 %) calves. Results of researches are as follow: prevalence of infection of Fasciola hepatica among bison in Białowieża National Park between 2001–2006 oscillated about 35.3%. The most extensive invasion of fascioliasis was observed in adult animals (21.9 %). We pay attention that between infected animals were calves 13 (7.3 %). Conclusions: The obtained results referring to infection of bison within the Białowieża National Park, Poland of F. hepatica are very interesting. The epidemiological importance of these finding is evident, demonstrating the fascioliasis expansion in restricted or protected areas, as National Parks such as Białowieża National Park, habitat of this wild host, and where no domestic animals are present.
Strongylids (Nematoda: Strongylidae) in two zebra species from the “Askania-Nova” Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine: biodiversity and parasite community structure
Authors: Kuzmina T. , Kharchenko V. , Zvegintsova N. , Zhang L. , Liu J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Species composition and structure of strongylid (Nematoda: Strongylidae) community were examined in 15 plains zebras (Equus burchelli) and 8 Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi) kept in the “Askania-Nova” Biosphere Reserve (Ukraine). Strongylids were collected from zebras in vivo following deworming with the “Univerm” (0.2 % aversectin C, Russia). Twenty-two strongylid species (3 species of subfamily Strongylinae and 19 — of Cyathostominae) were found. In plains zebras, 21 strongylid species were found; from 3 to 14 species per host. In Grevy’s zebras, 18 strongylid species were recorded; from 4 to 14 species per host. Cyathostominae dominated in the communities of both zebra species; they composed more then 99 % of strongylid number. Comparison of strongylid biodiversity in plains zebras from the “Askania-Nova” reserve with data collected from four African countries showed low similarity of strongylid faunas in zebras from Ukraine and Africa; the strongylid community was similar to those of domestic ponies from the same area.
Chaunocephalus ferox (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) infection associated with fatal cachexia in a white stork (Ciconia ciconia)
Authors: Santoro M. , Degli Uberti B. , Galiero G. , Prisco F. , D’Alessio N. , Veneziano V. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Post-mortem examination of a sub-adult debilitated white stork (Ciconia ciconia) from southern Italy showed nodular enteritis associated with massive infection by Chaunocephalus ferox (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Pathological changes included lesions ranging from traumatic destruction of tissues with hemorrhages and thickness of mucosa and submucosa at fluke penetration site to loss of duodenal villi and necrosis. Lesions through the whole intestinal tract associated with the digenean infection were considered as compatible with causing the cachexia and death of the white stork.
The influence of Western corn rootworm seed coating and granular insecticides on the seasonal fluctuations of soil nematode communities in a maize field
Authors: Čerevková A. , Cagáň Ľ. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is a pest that needs to be controlled with chemicals in the maize monoculture. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of insecticides on nematode communities in a maize field. Four soil treatments were used in this experiment: variant 1 — a granular application with tefluthrin (199.5 g a.i./ha); variant 2 — a granular application with clothianidin (110 g a.i./ha); variant 3 — a seed treatment with clothianidin (1.25 μg a.i/seed); and control — a maize field without insecticides.
During the investigated period, a total of 19 117 soil nematode individuals were captured and 9 orders, 33 genera and 37 species were identified. Acrobeloides nanus, Cephalobus persegnis, Eucephalobus striatus and Basiria gracilis were the dominant species, accounting for 48 % of the total number of individuals. The mean abundance and species diversity index were significantly lower for variant 2. Bacterial feeders were the dominant trophic group for all 4 variants. The numbers of nematodes in particular trophic groups (i.e., bacterial feeders, fungal feeders and omnivores) were significantly different between variant 2 and the control. The Σ Maturity index, Maturity index and Plant parasitic index did not show significant differences among the variants. The higher values of the Enrichment and Structure indices were observed in the first month of the investigation in all 4 variants. A cluster analysis showed that nematode species population densities were strongly affected by the date of soil sample collection and by the variants used in the experiment.
Comparative analysis into the tractor-trailer braking dynamics: tractor with single axle brakes, tractor with all wheel brakes
Authors: Nastasoiu Mircea , Ispas Nicolae 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe paper elaborates a mathematical model in order to conduct a study into the dynamics of tractor-trailer systems during braking. The braking dynamics is analyzed by considering two versions for the braking system: 1) braking applied on the rear axle and 2) braking applied on all four wheels. In both versions the trailer is braked on all wheels. The mathematical model enables us to determine and graphically illustrate the evolution of the following parameters: braking deceleration, braking speed and the distance traveled by the tractor during braking. The mathematical model elaborated is applied on a tractor-trailer system completing transportation works.
Diagnostic Labels Assigned to Patients With Orthopedic Conditions and the Influence of the Label on Selection of Interventions: A Qualitative Study of Orthopaedic Clinical Specialists
Authors: Miller-Spoto Marcia , Gombatto Sara P. 
Published: February 2014

Background
A variety of diagnostic classification systems are used by physical therapists, but little information about how therapists assign diagnostic labels and how the labels are used to direct intervention is available.

Objective
The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the diagnostic labels assigned to patient problems by physical therapists who are board-certified Orthopaedic Clinical Specialists (OCSs) and (2) to determine whether the label influences selection of interventions.

Design
A cross-sectional survey was conducted.

Methods
Two written cases were developed for patients with low back and shoulder pain. A survey was used to evaluate the diagnostic label assigned and the interventions considered important for each case. The cases and survey were sent to therapists who are board-certified OCSs. Respondents assigned a diagnostic label and rated the importance of intervention categories for each case. Each diagnostic label was coded based on the construct it represented. Percentage responses for each diagnostic label code and intervention category were calculated. Relative importance of intervention category based on diagnostic label was examined.

Results
For the low back pain and shoulder pain cases, respectively, “Combination” (48.5%, 34.9%) and “Pathology/Pathophysiology” (32.7%, 57.3%) diagnostic labels were most common. Strengthening (85.9%, 98.1%), stretching (86.8%, 84.9%), neuromuscular re-education (87.6%, 93.4%), functional training (91.4%, 88.6%), and mobilization/manipulation (85.1%, 86.8%) were considered the most important interventions. Relative importance of interventions did not differ based on diagnostic label (χ2=0.050–1.263, P=.261–.824).

Limitations
The low response rate may limit the generalizability of the findings. Also, examples provided for labels may have influenced responses, and some of the label codes may have represented overlapping constructs.

Conclusions
There is little consistency with which OCS therapists assign diagnostic labels, and the label does not seem to influence selection of interventions.
Validity and Reliability of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Takacs Judit , Garland S. Jayne , Carpenter Mark G. , Hunt Michael A. 
Published: February 2014

Background
There is a high incidence of falls in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Adequate dynamic balance and mobility reduce the risk of falls; however, there are currently no validated, advanced tests of dynamic balance and mobility for individuals with knee OA.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the convergent validity, known-groups validity, and test-retest reliability of a dynamic test of balance and mobility, the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M), in a knee OA population.

Design
A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods
Twenty-five individuals aged 50 years and older with medial knee OA and an equal number of healthy controls completed the CB&M and other tests of balance and mobility, including the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed “Up & Go” Test, a test of maximal single-leg stance time, and the 10-Meter Walk Test (self-selected and fast walking speed). Convergent validity of balance tests with the CB&M was assessed using Pearson product moment correlation coefficients, and known-groups validity was assessed using independent t tests. Test-retest reliability of the CB&M was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM).

Results
Scores on the CB&M were significantly correlated with all measures of balance and mobility for those with knee OA. There were significant differences in CB&M scores between groups. Scores on the CB&M were highly reliable in people with knee OA (ICC=.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.70 to 0.99; SEM=3, 95% CI=2.68 to 4.67).

Limitations
Few participants had severe knee OA.

Conclusions
The CB&M displayed moderate convergent validity, excellent known-groups validity, and high test-retest reliability. The CB&M can be used as a valid and reliable tool to assess dynamic balance and mobility deficits in people with knee OA.
Interactions of Clethodim and Sethoxydim with Other Pesticides
Authors: Chahal Gurinderbir S. , Jordan David L. , York Alan C. , Brandenburg Rick L. , Shew Barbara B. , Burton James D. , Danehower David 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
A wide range of agrochemicals are applied in peanut to manage biotic and abiotic stresses. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim applied alone or with dimethenamid-P, pyraclostrobin, S-metolachlor, and 2,4-DB. When applied in combination with clethodim, pyraclostrobin often reduced goosegrass and large crabgrass control compared with clethodim only. Pyraclostrobin did not impact efficacy of sethoxydim in most instances. Dimethenamid-P and S-metolachlor did not negatively affect efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim. The impact of 2,4-DB on efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim was inconsistent. The magnitude of adverse impact on graminicides (clethodim and sethoxydim) performance did not exceed 19% and was caused primarily by pyraclostrobin. Conversely, increased efficacy of graminicides caused by chloroacetamide herbicides did not exceed 14%. Graminicides and chloroacetamide herbicides changed solution pH from slightly acidic to highly acidic. Several combinations of clethodim and sethoxydim produced temporary precipitates but no permanent precipitates. Results from these experiments suggest that applying tank mixtures containing up to four chemical components will not dramatically reduce control of emerged annual grasses in peanut.
Physico-chemical Properties of Pancakes Made from an Instant Mix Containing Different Levels of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Flour
Authors: Yemmireddy V. K. , Chintagari S. , Hung Y. C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Partially defatted peanut flour has proven to exhibit excellent functional and nutritional properties in many foods. In this study, a peanut pancake instant mix was developed by replacing a portion of wheat flour with peanut flour; either 12% fat medium roast (12M) or 28% fat light roast (28L) peanut flours at various levels (20, 30, 40 and 50%) in a starting pancake formulation. Effect of peanut flour initial fat content and degree of roasting on physico-chemical properties such as viscosity of the batter, surface color, texture and composition of the pancakes were determined. In addition, the effect of microwave reheating time on moisture loss, bulk density and texture of the frozen peanut pancakes was investigated at 30% replacement level and compared with a commercial frozen pancake. Viscosity of the instant mix batter made with 12M peanut flour was higher than the control whereas 28L was lower than the control. All peanut pancakes were darker (lower L values) and browner (lower hue angle) than the control. Texture profile analysis properties such as hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness values decreased with increasing peanut flour replacement level; whereas, springiness values increased. Moisture, fat, ash and protein content were increased with increasing peanut flour replacement level. Pancakes made from 12M have higher protein content than the 28L samples at same level of replacement. Frozen peanut pancakes after microwave reheating showed significant moisture loss, increased bulk density and increased hardness and chewiness. At tested conditions a microwave reheating time of 20 or 30 s was sufficient to achieve desirable eating characteristics (moisture loss, density and texture) of peanut pancakes when compared to the commercial frozen pancakes or freshly prepared peanut pancakes. This study demonstrated that the instant peanut pancake mix has potential as a functional breakfast food item to replace regular wheat pancakes.
Recent Advances in Molecular Genetic Linkage Maps of Cultivated Peanut
Authors: Guo Baozhu , Pandey Manish K. , He Guohao , Zhang Xinyou , Liao Boshou , Culbreath Albert , Varshney Rajeev K. , Nwosu Victor , Wilson Richard F. , Stalker H. Thomas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe competitiveness of peanuts in domestic and global markets has been threatened by losses in productivity and quality that are attributed to diseases, pests, environmental stresses and allergy or food safety issues. Narrow genetic diversity and a deficiency of polymorphic DNA markers severely hindered construction of dense genetic maps and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in order to deploy linked markers in marker-assisted peanut improvement. The U.S. Peanut Genome Initiative (PGI) was launched in 2004, and expanded to a global effort in 2006 to address these issues through coordination of international efforts in genome research beginning with molecular marker development and improvement of map resolution and coverage. Ultimately, a peanut genome sequencing project was launched in 2012 by the Peanut Genome Consortium (PGC). We reviewed the progress for accelerated development of peanut genomic resources in peanut, such as generation of expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) (252,832 ESTs as December 2012 in the public NCBI EST database), development of molecular markers (over 15,518 SSRs), and construction of peanut genetic linkage maps, in particular for cultivated peanut. Several consensus genetic maps have been constructed, and there are examples of recent international efforts to develop high density maps. An international reference consensus genetic map was developed recently with 897 marker loci based on 11 published mapping populations. Furthermore, a high-density integrated consensus map of cultivated peanut and wild diploid relatives also has been developed, which was enriched further with 3693 marker loci on a single map by adding information from five new genetic mapping populations to the published reference consensus map.
The Orphan Legume Genome Whose Time Has Come: Symposium Highlights from the American Peanut Research & Education Society Annual Meeting
Authors: Ozias-Akins P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The Peanut Genome Project was launched in 2012 and a genomics symposium was held at the 2012 annual meeting of the American Peanut Research and Education Society. Seven speakers presented a spectrum of topics covering peanut molecular tools and materials to which they have been applied, along with the challenges and benefits of a genome sequence to prebreeding and breeding of cultivated peanut. Highlights of the symposium are presented and are accompanied by three in-depth reviews of population development, utilization of wild species, and genetic mapping in Arachis.
Evolution of cranial epilepsy surgery complication rates: a 32-year systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tebo Collin C. , Evins Alexander I. , Christos Paul J. , Kwon Jennifer , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: February 2014

Object
Surgical interventions for medically refractory epilepsy are effective in selected patients, but they are underutilized. There remains a lack of pooled data on complication rates and their changes over a period of multiple decades. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of reported complications from intracranial epilepsy surgery from 1980 to 2012.

Methods
A literature search was performed to find articles published between 1980 and 2012 that contained at least 2 patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the procedure they underwent: A) temporal lobectomy with or without amygdalohippocampectomy, B) extratemporal lobar or multilobar resections, or C) invasive electrode placement. Articles were divided into 2 time periods, 1980–1995 and 1996–2012.

Results
Sixty-one articles with a total of 5623 patients met the study's eligibility criteria. Based on the 2 time periods, neurological deficits decreased dramatically from 41.8% to 5.2% in Group A and from 30.2% to 19.5% in Group B. Persistent neurological deficits in these 2 groups decreased from 9.7% to 0.8% and from 9.0% to 3.2%, respectively. Wound infections/meningitis decreased from 2.5% to 1.1% in Group A and from 5.3% to 1.9% in Group B. Persistent neurological deficits were uncommon in Group C, although wound infections/meningitis and hemorrhage/hematoma increased over time from 2.3% to 4.3% and from 1.9% to 4.2%, respectively. These complication rates are additive in patients undergoing implantation followed by resection.

Conclusions
Complication rates have decreased dramatically over the last 30 years, particularly for temporal lobectomy, but they remain an unavoidable consequence of epilepsy surgery. Permanent neurological deficits are rare following epilepsy surgery compared with the long-term risks of intractable epilepsy.