bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Microphysics Parameterizations on Simulations of the 27 October 2010 Great Salt Lake–Effect Snowstorm
Authors: McMillen John D. , Steenburgh W. James 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Simulations of moist convection at cloud-permitting grid spacings are sensitive to the parameterization of microphysical processes, posing a challenge for operational weather prediction. Here, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is used to examine the sensitivity of simulations of the Great Salt Lake–effect snowstorm of 27 October 2010 to the choice of microphysics parameterization (MP). It is found that the simulated precipitation from four MP schemes varies in areal coverage, amount, and position. The Thompson scheme (THOM) verifies best against radar-derived precipitation estimates and gauge observations. The Goddard, Morrison, and WRF double-moment 6-class microphysics schemes (WDM6) produce more precipitation than THOM, with WDM6 producing the largest overprediction relative to radar-derived precipitation estimates and gauge observations. Analyses of hydrometeor mass tendencies show that WDM6 creates more graupel, less snow, and more total precipitation than the other schemes. These results indicate that the rate of graupel and snow production can strongly influence the precipitation efficiency in simulations of lake-effect storms, but further work is needed to evaluate MP-scheme accuracy across a wider range of events, including the use of aircraft- and ground-based hydrometeor sampling to validate MP hydrometeor categorization.
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Chinn David , Forbes David , Madden Sloane , Newton Richard , Sugenor Lois , Touyz Stephen , Ward Warren 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: This clinical practice guideline for treatment of DSM-5 feeding and eating disorders was conducted as part of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) Project 2013–2014. Methods: The CPG was developed in accordance with best practice according to the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. Literature of evidence for treatments of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), other specified and unspecified eating disorders and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was sourced from the previous RANZCP CPG reviews (dated to 2009) and updated with a systematic review (dated 2008–2013). A multidisciplinary working group wrote the draft CPG, which then underwent expert, community and stakeholder consultation, during which process additional evidence was identified. Results: In AN the CPG recommends treatment as an outpatient or day patient in most instances (i.e. in the least restrictive environment), with hospital admission for those at risk of medical and/or psychological compromise. A multi-axial and collaborative approach is recommended, including consideration of nutritional, medical and psychological aspects, the use of family based therapies in younger people and specialist therapist-led manualised based psychological therapies in all age groups and that include longer-term follow-up. A harm minimisation approach is recommended in chronic AN. In BN and BED the CPG recommends an individual psychological therapy for which the best evidence is for therapist-led cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). There is also a role for CBT adapted for internet delivery, or CBT in a non-specialist guided self-help form. Medications that may be helpful either as an adjunctive or alternative treatment option include an antidepressant, topiramate, or orlistat (the last for people with comorbid obesity). No specific treatment is recommended for ARFID as there are no trials to guide practice. Conclusions: Specific evidence based psychological and pharmacological treatments are recommended for most eating disorders but more trials are needed for specific therapies in AN, and research is urgently needed for all aspects of ARFID assessment and management. Expert reviewers Associate Professor Susan Byrne, Dr Angelica Claudino, Dr Anthea Fursland, Associate Professor Jennifer Gaudiani, Dr Susan Hart, Ms Gabriella Heruc, Associate Professor Michael Kohn, Dr Rick Kausman, Dr Sarah Maguire, Ms Peta Marks, Professor Janet Treasure and Mr Andrew Wallis.
Intratunnel Versus Extratunnel Autologous Hamstring Double-Bundle Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ibrahim Samir Abdul Razik , Abdul Ghafar Sami , Marwan Yousef , Mahgoub Abdelbary Mohamed , Al Misfer Abdulrahman , Farouk Hassan , Wagdy Mohammad , Alherran Hamad , Khirait Sharif 
Published: October 2014

Background: Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction provides excellent results for restoring normal kinematics to the knee. Nevertheless, strong evidence supporting an ideal method for fixation of the ACL graft is lacking. Hypothesis: Intratunnel femoral fixation of the ACL graft via a cross-pin fixation technique would provide better clinical and objective results than the extratunnel femoral fixation with cortical buttons. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Seventy patients with a unilateral ACL-deficient knee were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 femoral fixation groups. Group A (35 patients) was fixed with 2 bioabsorbable Rigidfix pins, 1 cross-pin per bundle, while group B (35 patients) was secured with 1 EndoButton cortical button per bundle. All femoral tunnels were created via an anteromedial portal, and a bioabsorbable Biointrafix interference screw was used for tibial fixation for both groups. The evaluation of the patients was performed by history details, clinical examination findings, measurement of the joint laxity by KT-1000 arthrometer, and use of validated patient outcome questionnaires. Statistical analysis was carried out with Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests, with P < .05 considered the cutoff level of significance. Results: At a mean follow-up of 30 months, 34 and 32 patients of group A and B, respectively, were available for evaluation. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups regarding the subjective and objective outcomes, except for KT-1000 arthrometer values. The median KT-1000 value of patients in the cross-pin fixation group was 1.30 mm, while the median value in the cortical button fixation group was 1.95 mm ( P < .001). Four patients with ACL grafts that were fixed with cortical buttons demonstrated failure of stability via the instrumented knee laxity testing, while patients from the other group had no failures. Conclusion: Intratunnel femoral fixation of the double-bundle ACL graft from the cross-pin fixation technique provided better instrumented knee laxity results than did the extratunnel femoral fixation with cortical buttons. Future larger studies comparing these 2 techniques should be conducted to ensure the availability of stronger evidence supporting the findings of this study.
A Review of Multifaceted Care Approaches for the Prevention and Mitigation of Delirium in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Collinsworth Ashley W. , Priest Elisa L. , Campbell Claudia R. , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Masica Andrew L. 
Published: October 2014

Objective: The objective of this review is to examine the effectiveness, implementation, and costs of multifaceted care approaches, including care bundles, for the prevention and mitigation of delirium in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). Data Sources: A systematic search using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted utilizing PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Searches were limited to studies published in English from January 1, 1988, to March 31, 2014. Randomized controlled trials and comparative studies of multifaceted care approaches with the reduction of delirium in ICU patients as an outcome and evaluations of the implementation or cost-effectiveness of these interventions were included. Data Extraction: Data on study methods including design, cohort size, interventions, and outcomes were abstracted, reviewed, and summarized. Given the variability in study design, populations, and interventions, a qualitative review of findings was conducted. Data Synthesis: In all, 14 studies met our inclusion criteria: 6 examined outcomes, 5 examined implementation, 2 examined outcomes and implementation, and 1 examined cost-effectiveness. The majority of studies indicated that multifaceted care approaches were associated with improved patient outcomes including reduced incidence and duration of delirium. Additionally, improvements in functional status and reductions in coma and ventilator days, hospital length of stay, and/or mortality rates were observed. Implementation strategies included structured quality improvement approaches with ongoing audit and feedback, multidisciplinary care teams, intensive training, electronic reporting systems, and local support teams. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated an average reduction of $1000 in hospital costs for patients treated with a multifaceted care approach. Conclusion: Although multifaceted care approaches may reduce delirium and improve patient outcomes, greater improvements may be achieved by deploying a comprehensive bundle of care practices including awakening and breathing trials, delirium monitoring and treatment, and early mobility. Further research to address this knowledge gap is essential to providing best care for ICU patients.
MYmind: Mindfulness training for Youngsters with autism spectrum disorders and their parents
Authors: de Bruin Esther I , Blom René , Smit Franka MA , van Steensel Francisca JA , Bögels Susan M 
Published: October 2014

Background: Despite the dramatic increase in autism spectrum disorder in youth and the extremely high costs, hardly any evidence-based interventions are available. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of mindfulness training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, combined with Mindful Parenting training. Method: A total of 23 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, referred to a mental health clinic, received nine weekly sessions of mindfulness training in group format. Their parents (18 mothers, 11 fathers) participated in parallel Mindful Parenting training. A pre-test, post-test, and 9-week follow-up design was used. Data were analyzed using multi-level analyses. Results: Attendance rate was 88% for adolescents and fathers and 86% for mothers. Adolescents reported an increase in quality of life and a decrease in rumination, but no changes in worry, autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, or mindful awareness. Although parents reported no change in adolescent’s autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, they reported improved social responsiveness, social communication, social cognition, preoccupations, and social motivation. About themselves, parents reported improvement in general as well as in parental mindfulness. They reported improved competence in parenting, overall parenting styles, more specifically a less lax, verbose parenting style, and an increased quality of life. Discussion: Mindfulness training for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder combined with Mindful Parenting is feasible. Although the sample size was small and no control group was included, the first outcomes of this innovative training are positive.
Recruitment and retention of urban schoolchildren into a randomized double-blind vitamin D supplementation trial
Authors: Sacheck Jennifer M , Van Rompay Maria I , Olson Elizabeth M , Chomitz Virginia R , Goodman Elizabeth , Gordon Catherine M , Eliasziw Misha , Holick Michael F , Economos Christina D 
Published: October 2014

Background: While rarely used for supplementation trials in the United States, schools present a practical alternative to a clinical setting. Purpose: We describe the successful recruitment and retention of urban schoolchildren into a 6-month randomized, double-blind vitamin D3 supplementation trial. Methods: Boston-area urban schoolchildren, aged 8–15 years, were recruited in 2011–2012 through classroom and auditorium presentations. Informed consent forms in five languages were sent home to parents. Retention methods included regular telephone calls and gift cards for completed study visits. Results: In total, 691 schoolchildren enrolled. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 11.7 (1.4) years; 59% were racial/ethnic minorities and 68% qualified for free or reduced-price school meals. Multi-level, culturally sensitive, creative approaches contributed to success in recruitment and retention. Of 691 participants, 81% completed the 6-month intervention period. Reasons for attrition included missed appointments and fear of a blood draw. More children from households with higher incomes were retained than those from households with lower incomes (85% vs 79%, respectively, P = 0.04). Limitations: The need for three fasting blood draws over the 6-month supplementation period was a limiting factor in the recruitment and retention of children in this study. Conclusion: Recruitment of urban children into a school-based randomized controlled trial represents a feasible approach for a supplementation study. Particular attention to children of lower socioeconomic status may enhance participation and retention when conducting intervention studies among diverse populations.
Is Tommy John Surgery Performed More Frequently in Major League Baseball Pitchers From Warm Weather Areas?
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Harris Joshua D. , Tetreault Matthew , Bush-Joseph Charles , Cohen Mark , Romeo Anthony A. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a common procedure performed on Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers with symptomatic UCL insufficiency, frequently due to overuse. Warm weather climates afford youth pitchers the opportunity to throw year-round, potentially placing them at risk for overuse elbow injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine whether the proportion of MLB pitchers who underwent medial UCL reconstruction and who pitched competitive youth baseball in warm weather areas is higher than those from cold weather areas. The hypothesis was that MLB pitchers from warm weather areas were more likely to undergo UCL reconstruction than pitchers from cold weather areas. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All MLB pitchers with symptomatic UCL deficiency who underwent UCL reconstruction as of June 1, 2014, were evaluated. The state/country where they played high school baseball was identified from online reference websites. Warm and cold weather areas were defined by latitude distance from the equator and mean annual temperatures. A chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of MLB pitchers from warm versus cold weather areas who underwent UCL reconstruction. The study was 99.6% powered to detect a 100% effect size (eg, 1% vs 2%) and 71.4% powered to detect a 50% effect size (eg, 1% vs 1.5%) with setting α = .05. Results: A total of 247 pitchers were identified who had undergone UCL reconstruction; 139 (56.3%) pitched high school baseball in warm weather areas, 108 (43.7%) pitched in cold weather areas. A significantly higher proportion of pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction (2.2% [95% CI, 1.9%-2.6%]) were from warm weather areas compared with cold weather areas (0.94% [95% CI, 0.78%-1.1%]) ( P < .0001). Warm weather pitchers had a mean (±SD) age of 27.6 ± 0.6 years and had played 4.0 ± 0.6 seasons in MLB at the time of surgery, while cold weather pitchers were aged 28.4 ± 0.8 years and had played 5.0 ± 0.9 seasons in MLB ( P = .089 and P = .047, respectively). Conclusion: MLB pitchers who played high school baseball in warm weather climates have undergone medial UCL reconstruction more frequently and earlier in their MLB careers than pitchers who played in cold weather areas.
A randomized clinical trial for the timing of tracheotomy in critically ill patients: factors precluding inclusion in a single center study
Authors: Diaz-Prieto Antonio , Mateu Antoni , Gorriz Maite , Ortiga Berta , Truchero Consol , Sampietro Neus , Ferrer María Jesus , Mañez Rafael 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
We investigated the potential benefits of early tracheotomy performed before day eight of mechanical ventilation (MV) compared with late tracheotomy (from day 14 if it still indicated) in reducing mortality, days of MV, days of sedation and ICU length of stay (LOS).

Methods
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) including all-consecutive ICU admitted patients requiring seven or more days of MV. Between days five to seven of MV, before randomization, the attending physician (AP) was consulted about the expected duration of MV and acceptance of tracheotomy according to randomization. Only accepted patients received tracheotomy as result of randomization. An intention to treat analysis was performed including patients accepted for the AP and those rejected without exclusion criteria.

Results
A total of 489 patients were included in the RCT. Of 245 patients randomized to the early group, the procedure was performed for 167 patients (68.2%) whereas in the 244 patients randomized to the late group was performed for 135 patients (55.3%) (P <0.004). Mortality at day 90 was similar in both groups (25.7% versus 29.9%), but duration of sedation was shorter in the early tracheotomy group median 11 days (range 2 to 92) days compared to 14 days (range 0 to 79) in the late group (P <0.02). The AP accepted the protocol of randomization in 205 cases (42%), 101 were included in early group and 104 in the late group. In these subgroup of patients (per-protocol analysis) no differences existed in mortality at day 90 between the two groups, but the early group had more ventilator-free days, less duration of sedation and less LOS, than the late group.

Conclusions
This study shows that early tracheotomy reduces the days of sedation in patients undergoing MV, but was underpowered to prove any other benefit. In those patients selected by their attending physicians as potential candidates for a tracheotomy, an early procedure can lessen the days of MV, the days of sedation and LOS. However, the imprecision of physicians to select patients who will require prolonged MV challenges the potential benefits of early tracheotomy.

Trial registration
Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN22208087. Registered 27 March 2014.
The clinical utility window for acute kidney injury biomarkers in the critically ill
Authors: Ralib Azrina Md , Pickering John W , Shaw Geoffrey M , Than Martin P , George Peter M , Endre Zoltán H 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) biomarker utility depends on sample timing after the onset of renal injury. We compared biomarker performance on arrival in the emergency department (ED) with subsequent performance in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
Urinary and plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), and urinary Cystatin C (CysC), alkaline phosphatase, γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), α- and π-Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), and albumin were measured on ED presentation, and at 0, 4, 8, and 16 hours, and days 2, 4 and 7 in the ICU in patients after cardiac arrest, sustained or profound hypotension or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. AKI was defined as plasma creatinine increase ≥26.5 μmol/l within 48 hours or ≥50% within 7 days.

Results
In total, 45 of 77 patients developed AKI. Most AKI patients had elevated urinary NGAL, and plasma NGAL and CysC in the period 6 to 24 hours post presentation. Biomarker performance in the ICU was similar or better than when measured earlier in the ED. Plasma NGAL diagnosed AKI at all sampling times, urinary NGAL, plasma and urinary CysC up to 48 hours, GGT 4 to 12 hours, and π-GST 8 to 12 hours post insult. Thirty-one patients died or required dialysis. Peak 24-hour urinary NGAL and albumin independently predicted 30-day mortality and dialysis; odds ratios 2.87 (1.32 to 6.26), and 2.72 (1.14 to 6.48), respectively. Urinary NGAL improved risk prediction by 11% (IDIevent of 0.06 (0.002 to 0.19) and IDInon-event of 0.04 (0.002 to 0.12)).

Conclusion
Early measurement in the ED has utility, but not better AKI diagnostic performance than later ICU measurement. Plasma NGAL diagnosed AKI at all time points. Urinary NGAL best predicted mortality or dialysis compared to other biomarkers.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610001012066. Registered 12 February 2010
Bayesian transcriptome assembly
Authors: Maretty Lasse , Sibbesen Jonas Andreas , Krogh Anders 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRNA sequencing allows for simultaneous transcript discovery and quantification, but reconstructing complete transcripts from such data remains difficult. Here, we introduce Bayesembler, a novel probabilistic method for transcriptome assembly built on a Bayesian model of the RNA sequencing process. Under this model, samples from the posterior distribution over transcripts and their abundance values are obtained using Gibbs sampling. By using the frequency at which transcripts are observed during sampling to select the final assembly, we demonstrate marked improvements in sensitivity and precision over state-of-the-art assemblers on both simulated and real data. Bayesembler is available at https://github.com/bioinformatics-centre/bayesembler.
Importance of halide involving interactions at Hoogsteen sites in supramolecular architectures of some coordination metal complexes of N6-benzyl/furfuryl adenine
Authors: Jennifer Samson Jegan , Thomas Muthiah Packianathan , Tamilselvi Duraiswamy 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Most of the benzyladenine and furfuryladenine derivatives inhibit tumor/cancer cell growth; their toxicity is lesser than the compounds used for the treatment of cancer now-a-days. Many cytokinin derivatives are tested for anticancer activity.

Results
A series of transition metal complexes containing N6-benzyl/furfuryl aminopurines of formula [Mn(FAH)2(H2O)(Cl3)]2.Cl2
(1), [Co(FAH)2(H2O)(Cl3)]2.Cl2
(2), [Co(FAH)2(Cl4)]2 .[Co(FAH)2(H3O)(Cl3)].Cl2
(3), [Ni(FAH)2(H2O)(Cl3)]2.Cl2. (H2O) (4), [Zn(BAH)Br3] (5) and [Cd2(BAH)2(μ-Br)4Br2]n
(6) (where BAH and FAH benzyladeninium and furfuryladeninium cations respectively) have been synthesized and characterized. Crystal structures of (1-4) have similar distorted octahedral coordination geometry, while (5) and (6) have distorted tetrahedral geometry and octahedral geometries respectively. In (1-4) two halide ions and two cytokinin cations (BAH+/FAH+) are laterally coordinated to the metal ion. A water molecule and a halide ion are axially coordinated. But the coordination sphere of (5) consists of N7 coordinated benzyladeninium ion and three halide ions. The complex (6) is a coordination polymer bridged by bromide anions. A common notable feature in (1-4) is the presence of one or more lattice chloride anions. They help in a chain formation by N-H…Cl halide involving hydrogen bonding interactions in between the Hoogsteen site hydrogen.

Conclusions
The observed crystal structures emphasize the role of the halide ions in developing the supramolecular architectures by halide involving hydrogen bonding interactions. Also most of the reported cobalt cytokinin complexes possess tetrahedral coordination geometry, but some cobalt complexes have distorted octahedral coordination geometry, which are discussed and compared.