bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and immunoserological characteristics of anti‐p200 pemphigoid: Comparisons of patients with epitope spreading and non‐epitope spreading
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Suo , Li Zhiliang , Jing Ke , Zhang Hanmei , Liang Guirong , Sun Chao , Qian Hua , Li Xiaoguang , Feng Suying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐p200 pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease. Although the phenomenon of epitope spreading has been reported to be common in anti‐p200 pemphigoid, the association between its clinical and immunoserological features has yet to be elucidated.ObjectivesOur aim was to compare the clinical and immunoserological characteristics of anti‐p200 pemphigoid patients with and without epitope spreading.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study encompassing 30 patients with anti‐p200 pemphigoid between January 2015 and December 2022. The clinical and immunoserological characteristics of anti‐p200 pemphigoid were analyzed using combined immunoserological assays.ResultsEpitope spreading was observed in 11 of 30 patients (36.7%) with anti‐p200 pemphigoid. Compared with patients in the non‐epitope spreading group, patients in the epitope spreading group showed more heterogeneous clinical presentations (P = 0.018), a higher proportion of mucosal involvement (P = 0.003), higher Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) scores for skin erosions/blisters (P = 0.018), mucosal erosions/blisters (P = 0.001), activity (P = 0.017) and total scores (P = 0.022), and required a higher initial dose of prednisone for disease control (P = 0.040).ConclusionsThis study supported the idea that anti‐p200 pemphigoid was prone to epitope spreading. Anti‐p200 pemphigoid patients with epitope spreading are more likely to present heterogeneous clinical phenotypes, frequent mucosal involvement, and a more severe and recalcitrant disease course.
Validation of the Peak Pruritus‐Numerical Rating Scale in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: results from a phase 2 study
Authors: Draelos Zoe D. , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Ghosh Pranab , Xenakis Jason , Cappelleri Joseph C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPruritus is a common, bothersome symptom for patients with mild‐to‐moderate plaque psoriasis (PsO), yet no validated scale assesses it in this patient population. We aimed to validate the Peak Pruritus‐Numerical Rating Scale (PP‐NRS) using data from a Phase 2b study investigating the efficacy of brepocitinib in patients with mild‐to‐moderate chronic PsO.MethodsPatients completed the PP‐NRS daily from baseline for the first 2 weeks after the dose administration and subsequently only on visit days. Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), construct validity (known group validity and convergent validity), ability to detect change, and meaningful within‐patient change (MWPC) were evaluated using correlation and regression analyses.ResultsThe PP‐NRS demonstrated acceptable test–retest reliability (ICC: 0.86–0.89). Known‐group evidence demonstrated that PP‐NRS scores could discriminate between different degrees of disease severity. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlation coefficients between the PP‐NRS and Patient Global Assessment (PtGA), Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Psoriasis Symptom Inventory, which generally exceeded 0.50. The ability to detect change was evidenced by an approximately linear relationship between changes in PP‐NRS and Physician Global Assessment or PtGA of psoriasis scores. The value of 2.8 was determined as the MWPC for the PP‐NRS.ConclusionsPP‐NRS is a reliable, practical test for assessing pruritus in mild‐to‐moderate PsO clinical trials.ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT03850483.
Living in LALA land? Forty years of attenuating Fc effector functions
Authors: Hale Geoff 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe Fc region of antibodies is vital for most of their physiological functions, many of which are engaged through binding to a range of Fc receptors. However, these same interactions are not always helpful or wanted when therapeutic antibodies are directed against self‐antigens, and can sometimes cause catastrophic adverse reactions. Over the past 40 years, there have been intensive efforts to “silence” unwanted binding to Fc‐gamma receptors, resulting in at least 45 different variants which have entered clinical trials. One of the best known is “LALA” (L234A/L235A). However, neither this, nor most of the other variants in clinical use are completely silenced, and in addition, the biophysical properties of many of them are compromised. I review the development of different variants to see what we can learn from their biological properties and use in the clinic. With the rise of powerful new uses of antibody therapy such as bispecific T‐cell engagers, antibody‐drug conjugates, and checkpoint inhibitors, it is increasingly important to optimize the Fc region as well as the antibody binding site in order to achieve the best combination of safety and efficacy.
Accuracy of self‐reported treated hypertension in the women's health initiative: Comparisons with medication inventories
Authors: LaMonte Michael J. , Milton Grace M. , Miller Connor R. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Soliman Ahmed , Millen Amy E. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFew studies have reported on the accuracy of self‐reported hypertension history among older postmenopausal women, which was this study's objective. Participants were postmenopausal women enrolled in the Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) study, an ancillary investigation of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI‐OS) at the Buffalo, New York, clinical site. Participants self‐reported their history of physician diagnosed hypertension treated with medication at WHI‐OS enrollment (1993–1998; n = 1342, mean age 63 years), then 3 years later at OsteoPerio enrollment (1997–2001; n = 1342), and again at OsteoPerio Year 5 follow‐up (2002–2005; n = 1020). At each time point, medication inventories were recorded and served as the criterion with which self‐report was compared in the present study. Physician diagnosed‐treated hypertension was also self‐reported annually on mailed health update questionnaires in the WHI‐OS and were compared against medication inventory at the subsequent clinic exam. Of those participants who self‐reported a history of hypertension at WHI enrollment, OsteoPerio enrollment, and OsteoPerio Year 5 follow‐up, 41.2%, 90.3%, and 94.4%, respectively, had anti‐hypertensive pills in their medication inventory. Across the three time points, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 0.72 to 0.98 and from 0.85 to 0.95, and kappa coefficients ranged from 0.52 to 0.79 when comparing self‐report with medication inventory. For self‐reported newly physician‐diagnosed and treated hypertension on the annual health update questionnaire, 88.4% and 95.2% of those reporting hypertension had anti‐hypertensive pills in the subsequent medication inventory. In general, sensitivity and kappa were lower in women aged ≥70 versus < 70 years and in those with history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes compared to those without these comorbidities. In this cohort of postmenopausal women, self‐reported physician diagnosed and treated hypertension demonstrated moderate to high accuracy when compared against anti‐hypertensive medication use documented by pill inventory, particularly for those who were younger and managing fewer comorbidities.
The evolving process of ferroptosis in thyroid cancer: Novel mechanisms and opportunities
Authors: Yin Lin , Luo Xiaodan , Zhang Xian , Cheng Bomin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThyroid cancer (TC) is a prevalent endocrine malignancy, with a significant increase in incidence worldwide. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death, primarily caused by iron overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. The main manifestations of cellular ferroptosis are rupture of the outer membrane, crumpling of the mitochondria and shrinkage or disappearance of the mitochondrial cristae, thus leading to cell death. Ferroptosis is an important phenomenon in tumour progression, with crosstalk with tumour‐associated signalling pathways profoundly affecting tumour progression, immune effects and treatment outcomes. The functions and mechanisms of ferroptosis in TC have also attracted increasing attention, mainly in terms of influencing tumour proliferation, invasion, migration, immune response, therapeutic susceptibility and genetic susceptibility. However, at present, the tumour biology of the morphological, biological and mechanism pathways of ferroptosis is much less deep in TC than in other malignancies. Hence, in this review, we highlighted the emerging role of ferroptosis in TC progression, including the novel mechanisms and potential opportunities for diagnosis and treatment, as well as discussed the limitations and prospects. Ferroptosis‐based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies can potentially provide complementary management of TCs.
Langerhans cells: Central players in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Pan Yi , Hochgerner Mathias , Cichoń Małgorzata Anna , Benezeder Theresa , Bieber Thomas , Wolf Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide. AD is a highly complex disease with different subtypes. Many elements of AD pathophysiology have been described, but if/how they interact with each other or which mechanisms are important in which patients is still unclear. Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in the epidermis. Depending on the context, they can act either pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory. Many different studies have investigated LCs in the context of AD and found them to be connected to all major mechanisms of AD pathophysiology. As APCs, LCs recruit other immune cells and shape the immune response, especially adaptive immunity via polarization of T cells. As sentinel cells, LCs are primary sensors of the skin microbiome and are important for the decision of immunity versus tolerance. LCs are also involved with the integrity of the skin barrier by influencing tight junctions. Finally, LCs are important cells in the neuro‐immune crosstalk in the skin. In this review, we provide an overview about the many different roles of LCs in AD. Understanding LCs might bring us closer to a more complete understanding of this highly complex disease. Potentially, modulating LCs might offer new options for targeted therapies for AD patients.
Exploring the antiparasitic and antimicrobial potential ofSchinus terebinthifoliusRaddi essential oil against fish and shrimp pathogens
Authors: Pereira Jucimauro de Araújo , dos Santos Gracienhe Gomes , Costa Domickson Silva , de Matos Silva Graziella Vivine Gonçalves , dos Santos Paola Capistrano , dos Anjos Gabriele Bueno , de Moraes Luiz Felipe Kretzer , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Ventura Arlene Sobrinho , da Costa Sousa Natalino , Martins Mauricio Laterça 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to perform in vitro antiparasitic and antimicrobial tests with the essential oil (EO) ofSchinus terebinthifoliusagainst of fish and shrimp. The chemical composition of the EO ofS. terebinthifoliuswas determined by gas chromatography. For the antiparasitic test, the protozoanEpistylissp. obtained from parasitizedOreochromis niloticuswas used, and exposed to different concentrations of EO (2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%), and control with 1% grain alcohol. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test with EO ofS. terebinthifoliusevaluated the antimicrobial potential, with serial dilutions starting at 2% and control with 1% grain alcohol, using the strains ofAeromonas hydrophila(2.2 × 108 CFU mL−1),Edwardsiella tarda,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,V. harveyi, andV. alginolyticus(2.0 × 108 CFU mL−1). Chemical analysis revealed that the major EO compounds ofS. terebinthifoliuswere δ‐3‐Carene (56.00%) and α‐Pinene (16.89%). In the antiparasitic test, the concentration of 2% EO showed 100% efficacy againstEpistylissp. within 5 min. In the antimicrobial tests, the concentration of 2% EO was effective against all bacteria tested. The EO ofS. terebinthifoliusdemonstrated antiparasitic and antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 2%, standing out as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Unsettling extractivism: Indigeneity, race, and disruptive emplacements
Authors: Winchell Mareike , Howe Cymene 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrawing inspiration from new work across the fields of political ecology, plantation and abolition studies, critical Indigenous studies, and racial capitalism, this Introduction to a special issue of The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology locates extraction within an account of property as a system of racialized exploitation. Aware of the risks of a cosmopolitics that romanticizes non‐Western value systems as largely untouched by extractivism, in this Introduction and in the articles themselves, we center the question of how Indigenous communities and others navigate extractivism in places and landscapes that have been deeply impacted and partly transformed by resource mining, agrarian monoculture, and deforestation. In voicing demands not subordinated by a materialist and secular language of resource exploitation, these accounts invite a less deterministic account of “our” late capitalist present. We contend that just as extraction is not monolithic, neither are its refusals, resistances, and alternatives.
Financial Liberalization, Credit Market Dynamism, and Allocative Efficiency
Authors: HERRERA ANA MARÍA , MINETTI RAOUL , SCHAFFER MATTHEW 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate the effects of financial liberalization on the dynamism of the credit market. We measure interfirm credit reallocation in the U.S. states following a methodology akin to Davis and Haltiwanger (1992). We then exploit the staggered liberalization of the credit markets of the U.S. states to identify an exogenous shock to the credit reallocation process. The liberalization intensified credit reallocation in the states, even within narrowly defined groups of continuing firms, while leaving credit growth essentially unaltered. The results suggest that the increased credit market dynamism enhanced the allocation of funds to productive firms and total factor productivity growth.
The autophagy proteome in the brain
Authors: Ito‐Silva Vitor I. , Smith Bradley J. , Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs one of the most important cellular housekeepers, autophagy directly affects cellular health, homeostasis, and function. Even though the mechanisms behind autophagy are well described, how molecular alterations and dysfunctions can lead to pathology in disease contexts still demands deeper investigation. Proteomics is a widely employed tool used to investigate molecular alterations associated with pathological states and has proven useful in identifying alterations in protein expression levels and post‐translational modifications in autophagy. In this narrative review, we expand on the molecular mechanisms behind autophagy and its regulation, and further compile recent literature associating autophagy disturbances in context of brain disorders, utilizing discoveries from varying models and species from rodents and cellular models to human post‐mortem brain samples. To outline, the canonical pathways of autophagy, the effects of post‐translational modifications on regulating each step of autophagy, and the future directions of proteomics in autophagy will be discussed. We further aim to suggest how advancing proteomics can help further unveil molecular mechanisms with regard to neurological disorders.
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Investigation of the anti‐skin aging effects of taurine through mendelian randomization analysis of its relationship with immune cells
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zheng Honglai , Zhou Siyuan , Lin Quan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAging skin, exacerbated by external factors like UV radiation and pollutants, is a major cosmetic concern. Taurine, renowned for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, may combat skin aging. We performed mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal link between taurine and immune cells linked to skin aging.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between taurine and immune cells using mendelian randomization, to thereby explore the mechanism through which taurine exerts anti‐aging effects on the skin via immune modulation.MethodsA MR approach was employed using taurine‐level data from the Ieu Open GWAS Project and immunocyte traits from a large European cohort. MR‐Egger regression, weighted median estimation, and inverse variance weighting all provided statistical insights into causality. Sensitivity analyses assessed the heterogeneity and pleiotropy among the genetic instruments used.ResultsMR analysis identified a causal relationship between taurine levels and 10 immunocyte phenotypes, with taurine found to be negatively and positively associated with three and seven phenotypes, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy, suggesting reliable MR findings.ConclusionThis study provides insights into the immunological pathways by which taurine contributes to skin anti‐aging effects, suggesting that increasing taurine levels could offer a novel strategy for anti‐aging skincare.
Silymarin in combination with hair follicle transplantation as a potential treatment for refractory vitiligo: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Feily Amir , Hosseinpour Masoome , Samipour Leila , Parvar Seyedeh Yasamin , Hadibarhaghtalab Maryam , Goodarzian MReza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is still no certain effective treatment for vitiligo as a common chronic skin disorder characterized by depigmented patches and loss of skin melanocytes.ObjectivesThis study evaluates the efficacy of oral silymarin combined with hair follicle transplantation compared to follicle transplantation alone in the treatment of refractory vitiligo.Materials and MethodsTwenty refractory vitiligo patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled clinical trial, following up for 3 months. One group underwent hair transplantation plus oral silymarin, while the other group underwent follicle transplantation alone. We assessed the progress with Vitiligo Extent Tensity Index (VETI) in both groups and the peri‐follicular pigmentation diameter was estimated monthly. The Friedman test for comparing two groups at the end and the Mann–Whitney test for comparing two groups during each month was used.ResultsThe mean age was 30.22 (18–59) years, with the male to female ratio of 1:1. The decrease in the VETI and increase in the perifollicular pigmentation was statistically significant between silymarin and another group in monthly follow‐up (p‐value: 0.019, 0.019, and 0.035, respectively). Finally, the re‐pigmentation was notable in silymarin group (p‐value <0.001 vs. 0.029, respectively). In addition, both genders had a significant increase in peri‐follicular re‐pigmentation in the last follow‐up (p‐value: 0.012 and 0.044, respectively); although the improvement was not statistically significant between genders in each month.ConclusionAccording to our study, silymarin in combination with hair transplantation could be a potential medical treatment for vitiligo; however, further trials are needed to establish the efficacy of combination therapies.
Comparison of laparoscopy and vNOTES in early‐stage endometrial cancer
Authors: Mat Emre , Keles Esra , Dereli Murat Levent , Sucu Serap Topkara , Kartal Özgür , Solmaz Ulaş , Yıldız Pınar , Yıldız Gazi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the demographic, clinical, surgical, histopathological, and oncological outcomes of vNOTES and conventional laparoscopy (CL)for early‐stage endometrial cancer.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in the Gynecologic Clinic of a tertiary hospital from January 2019 to November 2020. Patient demographic characteristics, surgical outcomes, histopathological characteristics, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at postoperative 6th, 12th, and 24th, intra‐ and postoperative complications, and follow‐up results were noted.ResultsA total of 45 patients enrolled, of which 16 underwent CL and 29 were vNOTES. The operative time and decrease in hemoglobin levels were similar for both groups (p = 0.202, p = 0.699). Postoperative hospital stay did not differ between the vNOTES group and the CL group (p = 0.549). VAS pain scores at postoperative 6th, 12th, and 24th h were significantly lower in vNOTES group than in the CL group (p < 0.001). The requirement for additional opioid/narcotic analgesic was lower in the vNOTES group than in the CL group (p = 0.037).ConclusionvNOTES may be a safe and feasible option in early‐stage endometrial cancer, having less postoperative pain and less requirement of opioid/narcotic analgesic compared with laparoscopy.
Relationships among adult full, half, and stepsiblings: Does coresidence explain the stepgap?
Authors: de Leeuw Suzanne , Hornstra Maaike , Kalmijn Matthijs 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article aims to compare adult sibling ties of stepsiblings to the ties of full and half‐siblings in divorced families, widowed families, and single‐parent families.BackgroundSiblings are one of the most stable sources of attachment and companionship over the life course and function as important providers of practical and emotional support when going through important life transitions. Due to a steep rise in divorce over the past decades and accompanied increases in remarriage and multipartner fertility, many adults nowadays not only have full siblings, but also half‐siblings and stepsiblings.MethodUsing a new module on adult sibling relationships and random‐ and fixed‐effects modeling (OKiN, N = 4506 dyads nested in N = 1742 respondents), we examine the quality of full, half, and stepsibling ties in adulthood and test the main mechanisms driving a potential stepgap in sibling ties: (1) the (absence) of a shared genetic relatedness and (2) the amount of time shared in the same parental household.ResultsThe weaker bonds adults, on average, have with their stepsiblings compared to their biological (full and half) siblings are largely explained by the shorter period of time they have lived together during childhood. Nevertheless, a substantial gap remains.ConclusionOur results confirm that a stepgap in sibling closeness, contact, and support is visible, but substantially reduced once shared time is considered.