bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project in Brazil
Authors: Silveira MF , Barros FC , Sclowitz IKT , Domingues MR , Mota DM , Fonseca SS , Mitidieri A , Leston AR , Knight HE , Cheikh Ismail L ,   for the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21 Century (INTERGROWTH‐21)
Published: May 2013

Please cite this paper as: Silveira M, Barros F, Sclowitz I, Domingues M, Mota D, Fonseca S, Mitidieri A, Leston A, Knight H, Cheikh Ismail L, for the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH‐21st). Implementation of the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project in Brazil. BJOG 2013; 120 (Suppl. 2): 81–86.The Latin American site in the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project was Pelotas, Brazil, with approximately 4000 births per year. The sample for the Newborn Cross‐Sectional Study (NCSS) was drawn from four hospitals, covering 99% of births in the city. The Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) sample was recruited from one of the largest private ultrasound clinics in the city and 30 smaller, private, antenatal clinics serving middle to high socio‐economic status women. Among this site’s major challenges was the recruitment of women for FGLS from numerous different clinics. Several public relations activities were conducted to improve collaborative efforts between the research team and obstetricians, paediatricians and community leaders in Pelotas.
mtDNAprofiler: A Web Application for the Nomenclature and Comparison of Human Mitochondrial DNA Sequences,
Authors: Yang In Seok , Lee Hwan Young , Yang Woo Ick , Shin Kyoung‐Jin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a valuable tool in the fields of forensic, population, and medical genetics. However, recording and comparing mtDNA control region or entire genome sequences would be difficult if researchers are not familiar with mtDNA nomenclature conventions. Therefore, mtDNAprofiler, a Web application, was designed for the analysis and comparison of mtDNA sequences in a string format or as a list of mtDNA single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs). mtDNAprofiler which comprises four mtDNA sequence‐analysis tools (mtDNA nomenclature, mtDNA assembly, mtSNP conversion, and mtSNP concordance‐check) supports not only the accurate analysis of mtDNA sequences via an automated nomenclature function, but also consistent management of mtSNP data via direct comparison and validity‐check functions. Since mtDNAprofiler consists of four tools that are associated with key steps of mtDNA sequence analysis, mtDNAprofiler will be helpful for researchers working with mtDNA. mtDNAprofiler is freely available at http://mtprofiler.yonsei.ac.kr.
Direct Analyte‐Probed Nanoextraction Coupled to Nanospray Ionization–Mass Spectrometry of Drug Residues from Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Clemons Kristina , Wiley Rachel , Waverka Kristin , Fox James , Dziekonski Eric , Verbeck Guido F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHere, we present a method of extracting drug residues from fingerprints via Direct Analyte‐Probed Nanoextraction coupled to nanospray ionization–mass spectrometry (DAPNe‐NSI‐MS). This instrumental technique provides higher selectivity and lower detection limits over current methods, greatly reducing sample preparation, and does not compromise the integrity of latent fingerprints. This coupled to Raman microscopy is an advantageous supplement for location and identification of trace particles. DAPNe uses a nanomanipulator for extraction and differing microscopies for localization of chemicals of interest. A capillary tip with solvent of choice is placed in a nanopositioner. The surface to be analyzed is placed under a microscope, and a particle of interest is located. Using a pressure injector, the solvent is injected onto the surface where it dissolves the analyte, and then extracted back into the capillary tip. The solution is then directly analyzed via NSI‐MS. Analyses of caffeine, cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, and ecstasy have been performed successfully.
A Comparison of DNA Extraction Using AutoMate Express™ and EZ1 Advanced XL from Liquid Blood, Bloodstains, and Semen Stains
Authors: Fujii Koji , Inokuchi Shota , Kitayama Tetsushi , Nakahara Hiroaki , Mizuno Natsuko , Sekiguchi Kazumasa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this study, DNA was extracted using an AutoMate Express™ and an EZ1 Advanced XL from liquid blood, fresh and aged bloodstains, and fresh and aged semen stains. Extracted DNA was quantified by real‐time PCR using the D17Z1 locus. Short tandem repeat typing was performed using an AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler kit. The yields of DNA obtained by the AutoMate Express™ were higher from fresh bloodstains and fresh semen stains, almost the same from aged bloodstains and aged semen stains, but slightly lower from liquid blood compared with those obtained by the EZ1 Advanced XL. The addition of dithiothreitol or the use of PrepFiler™ lysis buffer improved the EZ1 Advanced XL results from fresh bloodstains, but not for liquid blood and aged bloodstains. Our results demonstrated that the PrepFiler™ lysis buffer is the main contributor to the higher DNA yields of the AutoMate Express™ for fresh bloodstains.
Is default risk the hidden factor in momentum returns? Some empirical results
Authors: Abinzano Isabel , Muga Luis , Santamaria Rafael 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes the role of default risk in the momentum effect focusing on data from four developed European stock markets (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom). Using a market‐based measure of default risk, we show that it is not the hidden factor behind this effect. While the loser portfolio is characterized by high default risk, small size, high book‐to‐market and illiquidity, characterization of the winner portfolio is somewhat more complex. Given that the momentum strategy is the return differential between the winners and the losers, factors such as the stock market cycle or the evolution of momentum portfolios against their reference point make momentum profits difficult to forecast.
The role of certificate issuer on consumers’ willingness‐to‐pay for milk traceability in China
Authors: Bai Junfei , Zhang Caiping , Jiang Jing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn response to increasing concerns about domestic food safety issues, establishing tracking systems in the food industry is mandatorily required under newly launched food safety laws. However, the kinds of monitoring and certification systems that should be set up to ensure practical adoption and the effectiveness of the regulation remain unclear. This study aims to analyze consumers’ preferences for milk traceability, with particular interest in investigating how consumers’ preferences could be affected by monitoring and certification systems of the regarding system. Survey data from a choice‐based conjoint (CBC) experiment are used to achieve this objective. In the experiment, milk is defined by a set of attributes in which we assume that milk traceability can be certified by three entities: the government, an industrial association, and a third party. The CBC data are then analyzed by using the alternative‐specific form of a conditional Logit (McFadden's Choice) model. We found that urban Chinese consumers have a strong desire for traceable milk, but their preference for traceable milk is significantly related to the associated certificate issuers. Currently, the highest willingness‐to‐pay goes to government certificated traceable milk, followed by industrial association certificated and third‐party certificated milks. In the future, however, consumers are likely to give more credit to third‐party certification with rising income and knowledge.
Ethnography and “Postconflict” Violence in the Irish Free State
Authors: French Brigittine M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTHere I offer a reengagement with Conrad Arensberg and Solon Kimball's (Arensberg 1968[1937]; Arensberg and Kimball 1940) canonical ethnographies of rural western Ireland along with a new consideration of data the ethnographers never analyzed in their publications. I argue that epistemological debates and commitments in U.S. anthropology fueled Arensberg and Kimball's structural‐functionalist orientation because of the ways this theory became emblematic of a scientific, value‐free perspective to which these scholars were committed in ways that precluded analysis of state governmentality and violence. The new analysis of Arensberg and Kimball's unpublished ethnographic materials shows how local social life was shaped by the persistence of political violence in the “postconflict” democratic Irish Free State well after the war was officially over. I focus particularly on the nascent district court system to show how the judiciary and its participants were key agents in establishing and contesting the legitimacy of the postwar political system.
Linguistic Anthropology in 2012: Language Matter(s)
Authors: Black Steven P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, I discuss the accomplishments of scholars of language and culture in 2012 and the questions raised by those accomplishments. I review matters of language—expansions and refinements of existing research topics, including linguistic relativity, language socialization, sociolinguistic variation, and language ideologies. I then consider a trend of research on topics of embodiment, materiality, and the senses, discussing the matter (in the physics sense) of language. I then use the termengagementto comment on developments in research on language endangerment, language circulation and shift, language and health, language and education, and language and social justice. This is rooted in the notion that language makes a difference (or matters) in cultural practice. I conclude with a brief discussion of the ontology of language, the epistemology of linguistic anthropology, and the roles of scholars of language and culture in anthropology as a whole.
Tadalafil once daily in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men without erectile dysfunction
Authors: Brock Gerald , Broderick Gregory , Roehrborn Claus G. , Xu Lei , Wong David , Viktrup Lars 
Published: May 2013

Objectives
To assess the safety and efficacy of tadalafil once daily on lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH‐LUTS) in men without erectile dysfunction (ED).
To compare these with effects in men with ED.
Patients and Methods
After a 4‐week washout period and 4‐week placebo run‐in period, 1089 men without ED (n = 338) and with ED (n = 751) were randomly assigned to placebo or tadalafil 5 mg once daily for 12 weeks in three global clinical studies with similar designs.
In the pooled dataset, post hoc analyses of covariance assessed the impact and severity of BPH‐LUTS using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the BPH Impact Index (BII) and IPSS quality‐of‐life (IPSS‐QoL) subscores.
Safety was assessed using treatment‐emergent adverse events.
The treatment‐by‐ED‐status interaction was used to assess efficacy differences between the with/without ED subgroups.
Results
Men without ED were similar in BPH‐LUTS severity/previous therapy to men with ED.
Tadalafil significantly reduced BPH‐LUTS from baseline when compared with placebo in men without ED (IPSS −5.4 vs −3.3, P < 0.01; IPSS voiding subscore −3.5 vs −2.0, P < 0.01; IPSS storage subscore −1.9 vs −1.3, P < 0.05).
Tadalafil also significantly improved quality of life from baseline when compared with placebo in men without ED (IPSS‐QoL −1.0 vs −0.7, BII −1.4 vs −1.0; both P < 0.05).
Between‐ED‐subgroup interactions were not significant (all P > 0.68).
Tadalafil was safe and well tolerated.
Conclusion
Tadalafil 5 mg once daily improved BPH‐LUTS in men without ED by a magnitude similar to that observed in men with ED.
The adverse event profile in men without ED was consistent with that observed in men with ED.
Impact of diabetes duration on hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin glargine or NPH insulin
Authors: Dailey G. E. , Gao L. , Aurand L. , Garg S. K. 
Published: May 2013

AimTo compare the impact of diabetes duration on hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with insulin glargine or NPH insulin.MethodsA pooled analysis of 24‐week patient level data from randomized controlled studies comparing once‐daily insulin glargine with once‐daily NPH insulin in insulin‐naïve adult patients with T2DM was performed, stratifying patients into quartiles by duration of diabetes: <5.8 years; 5.8 to <9.2 years; 9.2 to <14 years and ≥14 years. Daytime and nocturnal hypoglycaemia events were evaluated.ResultsData from 2330 patients in four randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis; 1258 treated with insulin glargine and 1072 with NPH insulin. The rates of daytime hypoglycaemia were similar for insulin glargine and NPH insulin, irrespective of disease duration. Patients with longer T2DM duration treated with glargine experienced greater glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reductions. Rates of severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia [self‐monitored blood glucose < 70 mg/dl (3.89 mmol/l) and < 50 mg/dl (2.78 mmol/l)] were all significantly and positively correlated with the duration of diabetes for patients treated with NPH insulin but not with insulin glargine. Despite improvements in HbA1c, rates of symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemia were significantly lower with insulin glargine than with NPH insulin in patients with longer T2DM duration.ConclusionThere is a lower risk for nocturnal hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine than with NPH insulin. When considering diabetes duration, insulin glargine (compared to NPH insulin) may be particularly beneficial in patients with a longer duration of T2DM.
Liraglutide suppresses postprandial triglyceride and apolipoprotein B48 elevations after a fat‐rich meal in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial
Authors: Hermansen K. , Bækdal T. A. , Düring M. , Pietraszek A. , Mortensen L. S. , Jørgensen H. , Flint A. 
Published: May 2013

AimsPostprandial triglyceridaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the effects of steady‐state liraglutide 1.8 mg versus placebo on postprandial plasma lipid concentrations after 3 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsIn a cross‐over trial, patients with T2DM (n = 20, 18–75 years, BMI 18.5–40 kg/m2) were randomized to once‐daily subcutaneous liraglutide (weekly dose escalation from 0.6 to 1.8 mg) and placebo. After each 3‐week period, a standardized fat‐rich meal was provided, and the effects of liraglutide on triglyceride (primary endpoint AUC0–8h), apolipoprotein B48, non‐esterified fatty acids, glycaemic responses and gastric emptying were assessed. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00993304. Funding: Novo Nordisk A/S.ResultsAfter 3 weeks, mean postprandial triglyceride (AUC0–8h liraglutide/placebo treatment‐ratio 0.72, 95% CI [0.62–0.83], p = 0.0004) and apolipoprotein B48 (AUC0–8h ratio 0.65 [0.58–0.73], p < 0.0001) significantly decreased with liraglutide 1.8 mg versus placebo, as did iAUC0–8h and Cmax (p < 0.001). No significant treatment differences were observed for non‐esterified fatty acids. Mean postprandial glucose and glucagon AUC0–8h and Cmax were significantly reduced with liraglutide versus placebo. Postprandial gastric emptying rate [assessed by paracetamol absorption (liquid phase) and the 13C‐octanoate breath test (solid phase)] displayed no treatment differences. Mean low‐density lipoprotein and total cholesterol decreased significantly with liraglutide versus placebo.ConclusionsLiraglutide treatment in patients with T2DM significantly reduced postprandial excursions of triglyceride and apolipoprotein B48 after a fat‐rich meal, independently of gastric emptying. Results indicate liraglutide's potential to reduce CVD risk via improvement of postprandial lipaemia.
A comparison of the assessment and management of cardiometabolic risk in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canadian primary care
Authors: Teoh H. , Després J.‐P. , Dufour R. , Fitchett D. H. , Goldin L. , Goodman S. G. , Harris S. B. , Langer A. , Lau D. C. W. , Lonn E. M. , Mancini G. B. J. , McFarlane P. A. , Poirier P. , Rabasa‐Lhoret R. , Tan M. K. , Leiter L. A. 
Published: May 2013

AimTo investigate the cardiometabolic risk (CMR) assessment and management patterns for individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Canadian primary care practices.MethodsBetween April 2011 and March 2012, physicians from 9 primary care teams and 88 traditional non‐team practices completed a practice assessment on the management of 2461 patients >40 years old with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and diagnosed with at least one of the following risk factor—T2DM, dyslipidaemia or hypertension.ResultsThere were 1304 individuals with T2DM and 1157 without. Pharmacotherapy to manage hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension was widely prescribed. Fifty‐eight percent of individuals with T2DM had a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤7.0%. Amongst individuals with dyslipidaemia, median low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) was 1.8 mmol/l for those with T2DM and 2.8 mmol/l for those without. Amongst individuals with hypertension, 30% of those with T2DM achieved the <130/80 mmHg target, whereas 60% of those without met the <140/90 mmHg target. The composite glycaemic, LDL‐C and blood pressure (BP) target outcome was achieved by 12% of individuals with T2DM. Only 17% of individuals with T2DM and 11% without were advised to increase their physical activity. Dietary modifications were recommended to 32 and 10% of those with and without T2DM, respectively.ConclusionsPatients at elevated CMR were suboptimally managed in the primary care practices surveyed. There was low attainment of recommended therapeutic glycaemic, lipid and BP targets. Advice on healthy lifestyle changes was infrequently dispensed, representing a missed opportunity to educate patients on the long‐term benefits of lifestyle modification.
Diabetes and gout: efficacy and safety of febuxostat and allopurinol
Authors: Becker M. A. , MacDonald P. A. , Hunt B. J. , Jackson R. L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimAssess influences of demographics and co‐morbidities of gout patients with or without diabetes on safety and efficacy of urate‐lowering agents.MethodsPost‐hoc analysis of 312 diabetic and 1957 non‐diabetic gout patients [baseline serum urate levels (sUA) ≥8.0 mg/dl] enrolled in a 6‐month randomized controlled trial comparing urate‐lowering efficacy (ULE) and safety of daily xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) febuxostat (40 mg or 80 mg) and allopurinol (200 mg or 300 mg). We compared baseline demographic, gout and co‐morbid characteristics, ULE, and safety of XOI treatment in diabetic and non‐diabetic gout patients. ULE was measured by the proportion of diabetic and non‐diabetic patients in each treatment group achieving final visit sUA < 6.0 mg/dl. Safety was monitored throughout the trial.ResultsDiabetic gout patients were older, more frequently female, and had longer gout duration. Co‐morbidities were more frequent among diabetic patients: cardiovascular disease; impaired renal function; hyperlipidemia; and obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Febuxostat 80 mg ULE exceeded that of febuxostat 40 mg or allopurinol (p < 0.050) at all levels of renal function, achieving sUA goal range in the majority of diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. Diabetics and non‐diabetics reported self‐limiting diarrhoea and URIs as the most common adverse events.ConclusionsDespite higher co‐morbidity rates in diabetic patients, febuxostat and allopurinol were safe in both groups at the doses tested. Febuxostat 80 mg achieved sUA <6.0 mg/dl more often than febuxostat 40 mg or allopurinol at commonly prescribed doses.
Safety and efficacy of splenectomy in over 65‐yrs‐old patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Gonzalez‐Porras Jose R. , Escalante Fernando , Pardal Emilia , Sierra Magdalena , Garcia‐Frade Luis J. , Redondo Santiago , Arefi Maryam , Aguilar Carlos , Ortega Fernando , de Cabo Erik , Fisac Rosa M. , Sanz Oscar , Esteban Carmen , Alberca Ignacio , Sanchez‐Barba Mercedes , Santos Maria T. , Fernandez Abel , Gonzalez‐Lopez Tomas J. ,   representing the Grupo de Trombosis y Hemostasia de Castilla y León
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimFew studies specifically focus on elderly splenectomized immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients. Older patients with ITP and excellent health are often excluded from surgery splenectomy. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of splenectomy in elderly and non‐elderly ITP patients and to examine the effect of age on therapeutic response.Material and methodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of a series of 218 patients who had undergone splenectomy for ITP. We compared the data from the elderly group (≥65 yrs, 57 patients) with the young group (<65 yrs, 162 patients).ResultsSurgical technique (laparoscopy or open laparotomy splenectomy) was comparable between the two age groups. The adjusted risk of major bleeding following splenectomy for elderly patients was three times that for young patients (OR 3.05, 95% CI: 1.44–6.52). The median duration of postoperative hospital stay was longer for elderly than for young patients (8 d vs. 4 d, P < 0.001). However, we identified a subgroup of elderly ITP patients, those aged between 65 and 70 yrs who had undergone laparoscopic splenectomy, with a low risk of postoperative complications. Of the 218 patients, 89% achieved a favorable response to splenectomy. A favorable response was significantly less common in elderly than in young people (79% vs. 92%, P = 0.005). However, we observed an acceptable long‐term control of ITP in the elderly group, in which the probability of maintaining response for 14 yrs after splenectomy was 56%.ConclusionsPatients aged ≥65 yrs experienced negative effects on safety and efficacy outcomes of splenectomy for ITP, but further studies are needed to identify predictors of postsplenectomy outcomes in this group.
Range expansion through fragmented landscapes under a variable climate
Authors: Bennie Jonathan , Hodgson Jenny A. , Lawson Callum R. , Holloway Crispin T.R. , Roy David B. , Brereton Tom , Thomas Chris D. , Wilson Robert J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEcological responses to climate change may depend on complex patterns of variability in weather and local microclimate that overlay global increases in mean temperature. Here, we show that high‐resolution temporal and spatial variability in temperature drives the dynamics of range expansion for an exemplar species, the butterfly Hesperia comma. Using fine‐resolution (5 m) models of vegetation surface microclimate, we estimate the thermal suitability of 906 habitat patches at the species' range margin for 27 years. Population and metapopulation models that incorporate this dynamic microclimate surface improve predictions of observed annual changes to population density and patch occupancy dynamics during the species' range expansion from 1982 to 2009. Our findings reveal how fine‐scale, short‐term environmental variability drives rates and patterns of range expansion through spatially localised, intermittent episodes of expansion and contraction. Incorporating dynamic microclimates can thus improve models of species range shifts at spatial and temporal scales relevant to conservation interventions.