bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How One Becomes What One Is Called: On the Relation between Traits and Trait-Terms in Nietzsche
Authors: Alfano Mark 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
According to Nietzsche, drives are the ultimate constituents of virtues and vices. I argue that Nietzsche identifies two blueprints for character construction: a slavish, interpersonal blueprint, and a masterly, reflexive blueprint. When the interpersonal blueprint is implemented, a person becomes what he is called: his drives are shaped by the traits ascribed to him so that he becomes more like the sort of person he's taken to be. When the reflexive blueprint is implemented, a person becomes more like the sort of person she calls herself: her drives are shaped by the traits she ascribes to herself in a community of peers. The reflexive blueprint shares some surprising similarities with the interpersonal blueprint. I conclude with an account of Nietzschean summoning, which occurs when one person praises a generic type to an audience, implicitly inviting them to identify with that type and thereby to become more like it.
Chile y la OCDE. La dicotomia entre lo macroeconómico y el desarrollo humano
Authors: Riveros Cornejo Luis Alfredo , Báez Castillo Gustavo A. 
Published: July 2015

La economía de Chile ha mostrado singular fortaleza desde la década de 1990. El establecimiento de una trayectoria de alto crecimiento económico e inversión, el aumento del ingreso per cápita, la inflación bien contenida y los excedentes fiscales han sido hechos recurrentes. Sin embargo, persiste una preocupante dicotomía entre los buenos resultados macroeconómicos y lo limitado de aquellos relativos a las variables humanas subyacentes, especialmente en educación, salud e innovación,
lo cual permite otorgar baja sustentabilidad a los resultados en cuanto a competitividad internacional y estabilidad macroeconómica. Este trabajo pone de relieve ese contraste, basado en la información comparativa disponible del Foro Económico Mundial.
El corpus ideológico del franquismo: principios originarios y elementos de renovación
Authors: Giménez Martínez Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2015

Dada su larga duración y la pluralidad de grupos en que se apoyó, resulta complicado identificar una única ideología o un claro programa político dentro de la dictadura de Franco. Al contrario que el fascismo italiano o el nacionalsocialismo alemán, el franquismo levantó su repertorio ideológico sobre la base de unos principios diversos, en cuya defensa coincidieron las distintas «familias» del régimen. Estos fundamentos doctrinales, sin embargo, no permanecieron inmutables, sino que se adaptaron a las circunstancias de cada momento y evolucionaron al compás de la necesidad del sistema por sobrevivir. El objetivo de este trabajo es señalar los elementos de continuidad y transformación de
este corpus de ideas, recogiendo buena parte de la dispersa literatura existente para generar una propuesta ordenada e integrada.
Taxidermies
Authors: Strivay Lucienne 
Published: July 2015

La taxidermie est une pratique d’entre-mondes. Au service d’une perspective « simple » d’identification et de monstration des espèces en collections dans les muséums ou les cabinets, témoignage de la preuve dans le monde des chasseurs à travers l’alignement des trophées, à l’oeuvre pour la mémoire toujours déçue des compagnons disparus chez les particuliers ou les soigneurs, elle s’élabore toujours à l’interface de plusieurs attentes que le vivant seul pourrait concilier : la vérité du type, la justesse individuée, la grâce d’une rencontre. Qu’elle serve à la reconstitution d’espèces disparues ou à la construction de spécimens chimériques, à la conservation, à la publicité ou au marché kitsch, elle négocie sans cesse entre visible et invisible, elle saisit ce qui s’échappe et le perd dès qu’elle croit se l’être approprié. Elle trouble le regard et autorise un toucher inespéré mais pour le trahir aussitôt. Alors même qu’on s’attendrait à voir cette pratique s’effacer au profit du film, elle rencontre un nouvel engouement. On la trouve de plus en plus souvent intégrée aux dispositifs de l’art contemporain pour servir un discours critique sur la relation au vivant ou l’incarnation revendiquée d’une sensibilité proprement animale. La conscience des extinctions des espèces lui rend des vertus exceptionnelles. Elle est le plus souvent abordée selon sa réception. Mais cette étude s’attache prioritairement à la perspective du taxidermiste lui-même, dans son atelier, aux prises avec les corps, les techniques et les attentes. En Belgique (contrairement à ce qui se passe en France), il n’existe pas de formation au métier : la taxidermie fait l’objet d’une transmission intergénérationnelle dans certaines familles ou d’un compagnonnage où chacun affine ses observations anatomiques, éthologiques et ses compétences pragmatiques au « rendu ». Partant toujours de l’extériorité même du vivant, de l’indice, elle a vu se transformer ses savoir-faire et la demande qui lui était adressée. Elle témoigne des modifications de perception du monde animal comme des régimes d’identification ontologiques des hommes. Qu’est-ce que la pratique de la taxidermie fait au naturalisme dont elle est issue ? Quels liens, quels désirs, quelles connaissances et quelles passions met-elle en jeu ?
The feasibility, time savings and economic impact of a designated time appointment system at a busy HIV care clinic in Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwena Zachary A , Njoroge Betty W , Cohen Craig R , Oyaro Patrick , Shikari Rosemary , Kibaara Charles K , Bukusi Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionAs efforts are made to reach universal access to ART in Kenya, the problem of congestion at HIV care clinics is likely to worsen. We evaluated the feasibility and the economic benefits of a designated time appointment system as a solution to decongest HIV care clinics.MethodsThis was an explanatory two‐arm open‐label randomized controlled trial that enrolled 354 consenting participants during their normal clinic days and followed‐up at subsequent clinic appointments for up to nine months. Intervention arm participants were given specific dates and times to arrive at the clinic for their next appointment while those in the control arm were only given the date and had the discretion to decide on the time to arrive as is the standard practice. At follow‐up visits, we recorded arrival and departure times and asked the monetary value of work participants engaged in before and after clinic. We conducted multiple imputation to replace missing data in our primary outcome variables to allow for intention‐to‐treat analysis; and analyzed the data using Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsOverall, 72.1% of the intervention participants arrived on time, 13.3% arrived ahead of time and 14.6% arrived past scheduled time. Intervention arm participants spent a median of 65 [interquartile range (IQR), 52–87] minutes at the clinic compared to 197 (IQR, 173–225) minutes for control participants (p<0.01). Furthermore, intervention arm participants were more productively engaged on their clinic days valuing their cumulative work at a median of USD 10.5 (IQR, 60.0–16.8) compared to participants enrolled in the control arm who valued their work at USD 8.3 (IQR, 5.5–12.9; p=0.02).ConclusionsA designated time appointment system is feasible and provides substantial time savings associated with greater economic productivity for HIV patients attending a busy HIV care clinic.
Multivariate analysis of dim elves from ISUAL observations
Authors: Offroy Marc , Farges Thomas , Gaillard Pierre , Kuo Cheng Ling , Chen Alfred Bing‐Chih , Hsu Rue‐Ron , Takahashi Yukihiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT‐2 satellite, launched in 2004, records Transient Luminous Events (TLEs). ISUAL has an imager and a spectrophotometer that observe TLEs all over the globe. Among these phenomena, elves are particularly difficult to detect. ISUAL often records events that correspond to significant far ultraviolet (FUV) emissions in the spectrophotometer but have no discernible TLEs in the imager. These FUV events are called “dim” elves. Therefore, it is important to develop mathematical tools to analyze the data to obtain a better evaluation of the number of elves and their occurrence. Multivariate approaches are applied to characterize the unlabeled events. The first approach is the principal component analysis which distinguishes two different groups, one including elves and dim elves. The second approach is the PARallel FACtor analysis which provides a waveform model for each group. These methodologies confirm that FUV signal is the evidence of TLE presence. A crude classification method was then suggested taking into account these results. The proportion of elves, relatively to the considered ISUAL data set, is found to be about 40%. It is similar to previous results and confirms that relatively weak lightning peak current is sufficient to produce elves. This new strategy demonstrates the potential for discriminating between lightning and TLEs without prior knowledge within the selectivity of the FUV spectral band.
The Madden‐Julian Oscillation in a warmer world
Authors: Chang Chiung‐Wen June , Tseng Wan‐Ling , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung , Keenlyside Noel , Tsuang Ben‐Jei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGlobal warming's impact on the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is assessed using one of the few models capable in reproducing its key features. In a warmer climate predicted for the end of the century, the MJO increases in amplitude (by ~30%) and frequency, showing a more circumglobal propagation tendency. The MJO spatial extent becomes enhanced, deeper, and more zonally extended but meridionally confined. A stronger vertical tilting structure in diabatic heating, moisture, and convergence fields is seen. Our findings indicate that these changes result from an intensification of the frictional wave‐conditional instability of the second kind mechanism via the coupling of dynamical and thermodynamic response to the warming. The warming and moistening of the mean state contribute to the enhanced deep convective heating, driving a stronger‐forced Kelvin wave‐like perturbation. This reinforces the frictional low‐level convergence, leading to larger shallow convective heating and therefore to a faster development and enhancement of the deep convection in the MJO.
Effects of desloratadine citrate disodium injection on rat models of ovalbumin‐induced allergic rhinitis: involvement of T‐cell responses modulation
Authors: Yuan Xin , Ghosh Arijit , Jie Qiong , He Guangwei , Wu Yulin 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common worldwide problem; patients display a number of symptoms, such as sneezing, nasal itching, and rhinorrhea, and their lifestyle is affected. Desloratadine is a novel, long‐acting inhibitor of histamine. However, very little is known about the effect of desloratadine citrate disodium injection (DLC injection) on AR, and the underlying mechanisms are yet unexplored. Herein, we sought to explore the effects and mechanisms of actions of DLC injection in ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced immune responses in a rat model of AR.MethodsSixty rats were subjected to immunization with OVA (intraperitoneal [IP]), followed by a nasal challenge with OVA. Drugs or saline were given daily for treatment. Nasal symptoms and histology of the nasal mucosa were examined. Cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐12, interferon (IFN)‐γ, adhesion molecules such as soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM‐1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was also measured by NO assay kit.ResultsDLC treatment (intravenous [IV]) significantly decreased the frequency of sneezing and nasal scratching and alleviated nasal inflammation by increasing the serum levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐12, while lowering the expression of IL‐4. Thus, DLC (IV) treatment led to a marked elevation in T‐helper 1/T‐helper 2 (Th1/Th2) ratio when administered in the AR rats. The expression of sVCAM‐1, iNOS, and NO were also reversed.ConclusionDLC (IV), given after an allergen challenge, improved Th1 cytokines level and restrained Th2 responses alleviating the symptoms of AR. Our results indicate that DLC injection may exhibit such effects through the modulation of T‐cell responses.
Toughening of poly(l‐lactide) modified by a small amount of acrylonitrile−butadiene−styrene core‐shell copolymer
Authors: Wu Ningjing , Zhang Hong 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA small amount of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) core shell copolymer particles are used to improve the toughness of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) matrix. The incorporation of ABS copolymer dramatically increased the elongation yield at break of PLLA. For PLLA blend with 6.0 wt % ABS copolymer particles, the elongation yield at break increased by 28 times and the notched impact strength improved by 100% comparing with those of neat PLLA. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement results indicated that the special polarity interaction between ester group of PLLA matrix and nitrile group of PSAN shell phase enhanced the interfacial adhesion between PB rubber phase and PLLA matrix and promoted the fine dispersion of ABS particles in PLLA matrix. Meanwhile, ABS core shell particles also showed a certain extent of effects on the crystallinity behavior of PLLA. A small amount of ABS particles became the nucleating sites, and then the degree of crystallinity of PLLA/ABS blends increased. However, the notched impact of PLLA blends decreased because of the aggregation of more ABS particles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42554.
Fabrication of galactosylated chitosan–5‐fluorouracil acetic acid based nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Yu Cui‐Yun , Li Na‐Mei , Yang Sa , Ning Qian , Huang Can , Huang Wen , He Zi‐Ning , He Dong‐Xiu , Tan Xiang‐Wen , Sun Li‐Chun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel type of macromolecular prodrug, N‐galactosylated chitosan (GC)−5‐fluorouracil acetic acid (FUA) conjugate based nanoparticles, was designed and synthesized as a carrier for hepatocellular carcinoma drug delivery. The GC–FUA nanoparticles were produced by an ionic crosslinking method based on the modified ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate with GC–FUA. The structure of the as‐prepared GC–FUA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR analyses. The average particle size of the GC–FUA nanoparticles was 160.1 nm, and their drug‐loading content was 21.22 ± 2.7% (n = 3). In comparison with that of the freshly prepared nanoparticles, this value became larger after 7 days because of the aggregation of the GC–FUA nanoparticles. An in vitro drug‐release study showed that the GC–FUA nanoparticles displayed a sustained‐release profile compared to 5‐fluorouracil‐loaded GC nanoparticles. All of the results suggest that the GC–FUA nanoparticles may have great potential for anti‐liver‐cancer applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42625.
Active edible films: Current state and future trends
Authors: Mellinas Cristina , Valdés Arantzazu , Ramos Marina , Burgos Nuria , Garrigós María del Carmen , Jiménez Alfonso 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTActive edible films represent one of the current and future trends in the development of new polymers for selected applications, particularly food packaging. Some biopolymers show excellent performance as carriers for active compounds extracted from natural sources and are able to be released at a controlled rate to packaged food. In this review we aim to present, in a comprehensive way, the most recent advances and updates in this subject, where much research is currently ongoing and new studies are reported very often. This review focuses on innovative biopolymer matrices, their processing to obtain edible active films, and present and future applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42631.
Ethanol organosolv lignin as a reactive filler for acrylamide‐based hydrogels
Authors: Xue Bai‐Liang , Wen Jia‐Long , Sun Run‐Cang 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTHydrogels based on acrylamide (AM) and ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) with high swelling and good mechanically elastic properties were synthesized in an alkaline solution. EOL was used as a reactive filler for the preparation of AM‐based hydrogels. The impact of EOL addition on the physicochemical properties of AM‐based hydrogels was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their mechanical properties were examined. The water swelling ratio of the prepared hydrogels increased with the increase of EOL content, and their maximum swelling ratio could reach up to 180. Mechanical measurements indicated that their tensile strength was highly dependent on the amount of EOL, and their elongation at break reached up to 1400%. The formation mechanism of EOL composite hydrogels was probably that most of AM was synthesized into the crosslinked poly(acrylic amide) network, and small quantities of AM was hydrolyzed to acrylic acid ions under alkaline condition. The chain transfer of free radicals from AM and/or AA to EOL molecules occurred in the polymerization process. With increasing EOL content in the hydrogels, an interpenetrating polymer network might be mainly formed by the hydrogen bonding between EOL and AA and/or AM molecules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42638.
Facile Preparation of α‐Cyano‐α,ω‐Diaryloligovinylenes: A New Class of Color‐Tunable Solid Emitters
Authors: An Peng , Xu Nian‐Sheng , Zhang Hao‐Li , Cao Xiao‐Ping , Shi Zi‐Fa , Wen Wei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn efficient Knoevenagel condensation reaction was used to construct a series of α‐cyano‐α,ω‐diaryloligovinylenes, which show prominent fluorescence emission in the solid state. On investigating the effect of conjugation length on fluorescent properties, we found that the diene structure showed superior solid‐state luminescence. Furthermore, the emission color could be adjusted by introducing donor or acceptor functional groups at the terminal aryl groups. Full‐color emission in the visible region can be achieved by adding different functional groups to the α‐cyano‐α,ω‐diaryldivinylene moiety. The structure–property relationships were elucidated and some observations such as the substitution position effects were discussed. These compounds have potential applications as full‐color solid emissive candidates in material science and their simple structures allow them to be easily modified resulting in further interesting properties.
Robust Adaptive Neural Control for a Class of Time‐Varying Delay Systems with Backlash‐like Hysteresis Input
Authors: Zhang Xiuyu , Li Zhi , Su Chun‐Yi , Chen Xinkai , Wang Jianguo , Xia Linlin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a robust adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) scheme for a class of time‐varying delay systems with backlash‐like hysteresis input. The main features of the proposed DSC method are that 1) by using a transformation function, the prescribed transient performance of the tracking error can be guaranteed; 2) by estimating the norm of the unknown weighted vector of the neural network, the computational burden can be greatly reduced; 3) by using the DSC method, the explosion of complexity problem is eliminated. It is proved that the proposed scheme guarantees all the closed‐loop signals being uniformly ultimately bounded. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed control scheme.
Robust Missile Autopilots With Finite‐Time Convergence
Authors: He Shaoming , Wang Jiang , Lin Defu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a new longitudinal autopilot to address the finite‐time tracking problem for uncertain agile missiles. The proposed autopilot is essentially a composite control scheme, which is obtained through the finite‐time control methodology and the nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) approach. The key idea in this scheme is that the NDOB is adopted to estimate the aerodynamic uncertainties and external disturbances in an integrated manner. With the aid of the finite‐time bounded function and the Lyapunov function method, the finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system is established, which shows that the angle‐of‐attack response will converge to the external command signal in finite time. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Graphical modeling for gene set analysis: A critical appraisal
Authors: Djordjilović Vera , Chiogna Monica , Massa M. Sofia , Romualdi Chiara 
Published: July 2015

Current demand for understanding the behavior of groups of related genes, combined with the greater availability of data, has led to an increased focus on statistical methods in gene set analysis. In this paper, we aim to perform a critical appraisal of the methodology based on graphical models developed in Massa et al. () that uses pathway signaling networks as a starting point to develop statistically sound procedures for gene set analysis. We pay attention to the potential of the methodology with respect to the organizational aspects of dealing with such complex but highly informative starting structures, that is pathways. We focus on three themes: the translation of a biological pathway into a graph suitable for modeling, the role of shrinkage when more genes than samples are obtained, the evaluation of respondence of the statistical models to the biological expectations. To study the impact of shrinkage, two simulation studies will be run. To evaluate the biological expectation we will use data from a network with known behavior that offer the possibility of carrying out a realistic check of respondence of the model to changes in the experimental conditions.
Quantitation of acotiamide in rat plasma by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS: method development, validation and application to pharmacokinetics
Authors: Patel Prinesh N. , Kalariya Pradipbhai D. , Swamy Challa Veerabhadra , Gananadhamu S. , Srinivas R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel, sensitive and selective ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of acotiamide (ACT), a first‐in‐class drug used in functional dyspepsia, in rat plasma. A simple protein precipitation method with acetonitrile as precipitating solvent was used to extract ACT from rat plasma. ACT and an internal standard (mirabegron, IS) were separated on an Agilent poroshell EC C18 column (50 × 3.0 mm, 2.7 µm) using methanol–10 mM ammonium acetate binary gradient mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min over 4 min run time. Detection was performed using target ions of [M + H]+ at m/z 451.2010 for ACT and m/z 397.1693 for IS in selective ion mode. The method was validated in the calibration range of 1.31–1000 ng/mL. All the validation parameters were well within the limits. The method demonstrated good performances in terms of intra‐ and inter‐day precision (3.27–12.60% CV) and accuracy (87.96–104.94%). Thus the present ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatograhy–high‐resolution mass spectrometry method for determination of ACT in rat plasma, is highly sensitive and rapid with a short run‐time of 4 min, can be suitable for high sample throughput and for large batches of biological samples in pharmacokinetic studies. This method can be extended to measure plasma concentrations of ACT in humans to understand drug metabolism, drug interaction and adverse effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.