bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Physical Activity Trends in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Mason Caitlin , Alfano Catherine M. , Smith Ashley Wilder , Wang Ching-Yun , Neuhouser Marian L. , Duggan Catherine , Bernstein Leslie , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Baumgartner Richard N. , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , McTiernan Anne 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background: Physical activity is associated with reduced mortality and higher quality of life in breast cancer survivors; however, limited data on the prevalence of activity and long-term trends after diagnosis are available.
Methods: A multiethnic cohort of 631 women (18–64 years) with stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer was followed for 10 years. Recreational aerobic activity (MET-h/wk) was ascertained for the year before diagnosis (baseline), 24 months, 5 years, and 10 years after enrollment. Women were classified according to U.S. physical activity guidelines (≥150 min/wk moderate or ≥75 min/wk vigorous activity). The OR for meeting guidelines at 5 and 10 years according to baseline factors was estimated using logistic regression. The change in MET-h/wk was predicted using linear regression.
Results: Prediagnosis, 34% of women met physical activity guidelines; 34.0%, 39.5%, and 21.4% met guidelines at 24 months, 5 years, and 10 years after enrollment, respectively. Less than 8% of survivors met guidelines at all follow-up periods. Over 10 years, recreational aerobic activity decreased by a mean ± SD of 4.3 ± 16.2 MET-h/wk. Meeting guidelines pre-diagnosis was strongly associated with meeting guidelines at 5 years [OR (95% confidence interval; CI): 2.76 (1.85–4.1)] and 10 years [OR (95% CI): 3.35 (2.13–5.28)]. No other demographic or prognostic factors were significantly associated with the 10-year change in MET-h/wk.
Conclusion: The vast majority of early breast cancer survivors do not meet national exercise recommendations 10 years postdiagnosis.
Impact: Physical activity levels are low in breast cancer survivors across the 10 years postdiagnosis; nonetheless, the predictors of activity in this population remain poorly understood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(6); 1153–61. ©2013 AACR.
Relapsed Classic E-Cadherin (CDH1)–Mutated Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer Shows a High Frequency ofHER2(ERBB2) Gene Mutations
Authors: Ross Jeffrey S. , Wang Kai , Sheehan Christine E. , Boguniewicz Ann B. , Otto Geoff , Downing Sean R. , Sun James , He Jie , Curran John A. , Ali Siraj , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Palmer Gary , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurpose: We queried whether comprehensive genomic profiling using a next-generation sequencing–based assay could identify novel and unanticipated targets of therapy for patients with relapsed invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC).Experimental Design: DNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000) was conducted for 3,320 exons of 182 cancer-related genes and 37 introns of 14 genes frequently rearranged in cancer on indexed, adaptor-ligated, hybridization-captured libraries using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from 22 histologically verified ILC.Results: A total of 75 genomic alterations were identified with an average of 3.4 alterations per tumor (range, 1–6), of which 35 were actionable for an average of 1.59 actionable alterations per patient (range, 0–3). Nineteen of 22 (86%) of the ILC samples harbored at least one actionable alteration. Six (27%) cases featured alterations in ERRB2 including 4 (18%) with ERBB2 mutation, 1 (5%) with an ERBB2 gene fusion, and 1 (5%) with an ERBB2 copy number gain (amplification). The enrichment of ERBB2 mutations/fusion in CDH1-mutated ILC (5 of 22, 23%) compared with the 5 ERBB2 mutations in a series of 286 non-CDH1-mutated breast cancers from which the ILC cases were obtained (5 of 286, 2%) was significant (P = 0.0006).Conclusions: Comprehensive genomic profiling of relapsed CDH1-mutated ILC revealed actionable genomic alterations in 86% of cases, featured a high incidence of ERBB2 alterations, and can reveal actionable alterations that can inform treatment decisions for patients with ILC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(10); 2668–76. ©2013 AACR.
CYP1A1 Regulates Breast Cancer Proliferation and Survival
Authors: Rodriguez Mariangellys , Potter David A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Cytochrome P450-1A1 (CYP1A1) is an extrahepatic phase I metabolizing enzyme whose expression is suppressed under physiologic conditions but can be induced by substrates via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Recent studies have shown that the majority of breast cancer tumors constitutively express CYP1A1. These findings led us to test the hypothesis that CYP1A1 promotes breast cancer progression by evaluating the effects of CYP1A1 knockdown on the proliferation and survival of the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 lines. Independently of estrogen receptor status, CYP1A1 knockdown decreased colony formation, decreased cell proliferation, blocked the cell cycle at G0-G1 associated with reduction of cyclin D1, and increased apoptosis associated with reduction of survivin. CYP1A1 knockdown markedly increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased phosphorylation of AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K). AMPK inhibition by compound C partially abrogated the proapoptotic effects of CYP1A1 knockdown, suggesting that effects of CYP1A1 knockdown are mediated in part through AMPK signaling. Consistent with CYP1A1 knockdown, pharmacologic reduction of CYP1A1 levels by the phytopolyphenol carnosol also correlated with impaired proliferation and induced AMPK phosphorylation. These results indicate that reduction of basal CYP1A1 expression is critical for inhibition of proliferation, which is not affected by α-naphthoflavone-mediated inhibition of CYP1A1 activity nor modulated by AhR silencing. This study supports the notion that CYP1A1 promotes breast cancer proliferation and survival, at least in part, through suppression of AMPK signaling and that reduction of CYP1A1 levels is a potential strategy for breast cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer Res; 11(7); 780–92. ©2013 AACR.
FoxM1 is Overexpressed in Helicobacter pylori–Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis and Is Negatively Regulated by miR-370
Authors: Feng Yimin , Wang Lixiang , Zeng Jiping , Shen Li , Liang Xiuming , Yu Han , Liu Shili , Liu Zhifang , Sun Yundong , Li Wenjuan , Chen Chunyan , Jia Jihui 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are strongly implicated in human gastric mucosa–associated diseases. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), a key positive regulator of cell proliferation, is overexpressed in gastric cancer. MicroRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. In this study, the effects of H. pylori infection on FoxM1 expression and possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis were explored. The expression of FoxM1 was gradually increased in human gastric specimens from inflammation to cancer. FoxM1 upregulation was time- and concentration-dependent in gastric epithelial-derived cell lines infected with H. pylori. CagA, a key virulence factor of H. pylori, was associated with increased FoxM1 expression. H. pylori and CagA inhibited the expression of p27Kip1 (CDKN1B) and promoted cell proliferation by upregulating FoxM1. The expression of miR-370 was decreased in human gastritis and gastric cancer. FoxM1 was directly downregulated by miR-370 in gastric cell lines. H. pylori and CagA inhibited miR-370 expression, which led to overexpression of FoxM1 and cell proliferation. Furthermore, the overexpression of FoxM1 and reduced expression of miR-370 was confirmed in H. pylori–infected C57BL/6J mice. H. pylori infection and CagA upregulated FoxM1 expression, dependent on miR-370, altered the expression of p27Kip1, and promoted proliferation in gastric cells.
Implications: These findings delineate the mechanisms governing FoxM1 regulation and the role of H. pylori in the process of gastric carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 11(8); 834–44. ©2013 AACR.
Effects of Pulvinar Inactivation on Spatial Decision-making between Equal and Asymmetric Reward Options
Authors: Wilke Melanie , Kagan Igor , Andersen Richard A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ability to selectively process visual inputs and to decide between multiple movement options in an adaptive manner is critical for survival. Such decisions are known to be influenced by factors such as reward expectation and visual saliency. The dorsal pulvinar connects to a multitude of cortical areas that are involved in visuospatial memory and integrate information about upcoming eye movements with expected reward values. However, it is unclear whether the dorsal pulvinar is critically involved in spatial memory and reward-based oculomotor decision behavior. To examine this, we reversibly inactivated the dorsal portion of the pulvinar while monkeys performed a delayed memory saccade task that included choices between equally or unequally rewarded options. Pulvinar inactivation resulted in a delay of saccade initiation toward memorized contralesional targets but did not affect spatial memory. Furthermore, pulvinar inactivation caused a pronounced choice bias toward the ipsilesional hemifield when the reward value in the two hemifields was equal. However, this choice bias could be alleviated by placing a high reward target into the contralesional hemifield. The bias was less affected by the manipulation of relative visual saliency between the two competing targets. These results suggest that the dorsal pulvinar is involved in determining the behavioral desirability of movement goals while being less critical for spatial memory and reward processing.
Common Brain Regions with Distinct Patterns of Neural Responses during Mentalizing about Groups and Individuals
Authors: Contreras Juan Manuel , Schirmer Jessica , Banaji Mahzarin R. , Mitchell Jason P. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
An individual has a mind; a group does not. Yet humans routinely endow groups with mental states irreducible to any of their members (e.g., “scientists hope to understand every aspect of nature”). But are these mental states categorically similar to those we attribute to individuals? In two fMRI experiments, we tested this question against a set of brain regions that are consistently associated with social cognition—medial pFC, anterior temporal lobe, TPJ, and medial parietal cortex. Participants alternately answered questions about the mental states and physical attributes of individual people and groups. Regions previously associated with mentalizing about individuals were also robustly responsive to judgments of groups, suggesting that perceivers deploy the same social-cognitive processes when thinking about the mind of an individual and the “mind” of a group. However, multivariate searchlight analysis revealed that several of these regions showed distinct multivoxel patterns of response to groups and individual people, suggesting that perceivers maintain distinct representations of groups and individuals during mental state inferences. These findings suggest that perceivers mentalize about groups in a manner qualitatively similar to mentalizing about individual people, but that the brain nevertheless maintains important distinctions between the representations of such entities.
THE LDPE RESIN-CASTING METHOD APPLIED TO VESSEL CHARACTERISATION
Authors: Fujii Tomoyuki , Hatano Yasunori 
Published: April 2013

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as a casting medium to study vessel attributes. The LDPE had a low crystallinity and melted around 102 °C. The glass transition point was very low (-20 °C) in comparison to polystyrene (105 °C). The viscosity decreased exponentially as the temperature was raised.
Dry sample blocks of selected hardwoods, fixed in tubes and previously heated, were impregnated with melted LDPE under vacuum or under compression. After the removal of cell-wall materials, the resin casts obtained almost entirely consisted of vessels clearly showing threedimensional arrangement. These casts were dissected with a thin steel knife for SEM observation. Vessel-casts were usually not accompanied by casts of vasicentric elements. Resin-casts of fibres, tracheids and parenchyma cells were observed only near the surface of the blocks. Cell wall sculpturing such as pits and helical thickenings were observed in detail. The depth of LDPE drawn into vessel lumina depended on the time of evacuation and diameter of vessels.
WITHIN AND BETWEEN-TREE VARIATION OF BARK CONTENT AND WOOD DENSITY OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS IN COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS
Authors: Quilhó Teresa , Pereira Helena 
Published: April 2013

Eucalyptus globulus trees, 15 years old, were sampled at different heights from commercial pulpwood plantations in two sites in Portugal. Bark thickness was higher in the site with better growth and always decreased from the tree base to the top. Bark content was site independent and on average 11% of stem dry weight, higher at the base and top, and lower at 35% height level.
Tree mean wood basic density averaged 600 kg /m3 and 568 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively, and was not correlated with tree growth. Wood density increased from base to top of the tree. Between-tree variation was low with coefficients of variation of site mean below 10%. Bark density (374 kg /m3 and 454 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively) did not show significant within tree variation. Average tree wood density could not be predicted with reasonable accuracy using a breast height sampling and better results were obtained using a sampling as a percentage of total height (e.g. 15%).
FORMATION OF INCREMENT ZONES AND INTRAANNUAL GROWTH DYNAMICS IN THE XYLEM OF SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA, CARAPA GUIANENSIS, AND CEDRELA ODORATA (MELIACEAE)
Authors: Dünisch Oliver , Bauch Josef , Gasparotto Luadir 
Published: April 2013

The pattern of growth increment zones, the cambial growth dynamics and the structural variation in wood formation of Swietenia macrophylla King, Carapa guianensis Aubl., and Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) were investigated in order to understand the relationship of site conditions and sustainable growth in Central Amazonian plantations. Trees were available from 8-, 17-, 23-, and 57-year-old plantations, and from primary forests in Manaus (Amazônia), Santarem (Pará), and Aripuanã (Mato Grosso). The wood anatomical structure and the annual increments of 61 Swietenia, 94 Carapa, and 89 Cedrela trees were studied for different tree heights. The curves of annual increments were cross-dated and tested for synchronisation. The cambial growth dynamics of up to 52 trees per species were dated by means of dendrometer measurements, monthly labelling by pinmarkers, and extracted cambium samples investigated using a microscope. The intraannual course of the growth and structural variation was compared with the water supply of the soil and insect attacks (Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) Lep.).
In Swietenia and Carapa parenchyma and vessel bands as well as bands of resin canals were observed. Within the xylem of Cedrela, alternating bands of fibres and vessels surrounded by paratracheal parenchyma were found; bands of resin canals were only occasional. In the juvenile wood of Swietenia and Carapa no synchronization of the increment curves was possible, whereas the increment curves obtained in the juvenile wood of Cedrela showed parallel run in growth. The increment curves obtained in adult wood of Swietenia and Cedrela indicate an annual formation of increment zones, whereas the number of increment zones in the xylem of Carapa was approximately 50% higher than the tree age (years) indicating that the growth increments of Carapa also were not annual during the adult phase of growth.
The study of the intraannual growth dynamics of the trees showed that the formation of parenchyma bands in Swietenia is induced by dry periods before a cambial dormancy. The formation of parenchyma bands of Carapa was induced by extremely dry and extremely wet periods before a cambial dormancy, whereas fibre bands in Cedrela were induced by dry periods before a cambial dormancy and the formation of vessel bands embedded in paratracheal parenchyma was induced by wet periods after a cambial dormancy. In addition, insect attack (Hypsipyla grandella) induced locally restricted formation of parenchyma bands and bands of resin canals in Swietenia, Carapa and Cedrela.
ESTIMATION OF WOOD STIFFNESS OF INCREMENT CORES BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY: THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CALIBRATIONS BASED ON SELECTED CORES
Authors: Schimleck Laurence R. , Evans Robert 
Published: April 2013

Eight Pinus radiata D. Don (Radiata pine) increment core samples representative of a total of thirty-two increment cores were selected for the development of an EL(SS) (longitudinal modulus of elasticity calculated from SilviScan-2 data) calibration based on NIR spectra obtained from the radial–longitudinal face of each sample in 10-mm increments. The primary aim of the work was to investigate if an EL(SS) calibration developed using a subsample of cores representative of a larger set provided better predictions of EL(SS) than those reported in Schimleck et al. (2002a). The EL(SS) calibration was developed using eight factors giving an excellent relationship between SilviScan-2 determined EL(SS) and NIR fitted EL(SS) (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.97) and a low standard error of calibration (SEC) (0.91 GPa).
To test the EL(SS) calibration, NIR spectra were obtained in 10-mm sections from the radial–longitudinal face of two intact P. radiata increment cores and EL(SS) of each section predicted. NIR estimates of EL(SS) were in excellent agreement with EL(SS) determined using SilviScan-2 data, with R2 of 0.99 (core A) and 0.98 (core B). Standard error of predictions (SEP) of 1.6 GPa (core A) and 1.2 GPa (core B) were obtained. Both sets of predictions closely followed the patterns of EL(SS) radial variation determined experimentally. EL(SS) calibration based on NIR spectra obtained from a set of representative cores can provide excellent predictions of EL(SS). The predictions were superior to those reported in Schimleck et al. (2002a).
ESTIMATION OF MICROFIBRIL ANGLE OF INCREMENT CORES BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Schimleck Laurence R. , Evans Robert 
Published: April 2013

Eight Pinus radiata D. Don (Radiata pine) increment core samples representative of a total of thirty-two increment cores were selected. NIR spectra were obtained from the radial–longitudinal face of each core in 10-mm increments and used to develop a microfibril angle (MFA) calibration. The MFA calibration was developed using seven factors giving an excellent relationship between SilviScan-2 determined MFA and NIR fitted MFA (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.95) and a standard error of calibration (SEC) of 1.8 degrees.
The MFA calibration was used to predict the MFA of NIR spectra obtained in 10-mm sections from the radial–longitudinal face of two intact P. radiata increment cores. NIR predicted MFA was found to be in excellent agreement with MFA determined by SilviScan-2, with R2 of 0.98 (core A) and 0.96 (core B). The standard error of prediction (SEP) for core A (1.0 degree) was much lower than for core B (2.5 degrees). Both sets of predictions closely followed the patterns of MFA radial variation determined by SilviScan-2. NIR spectroscopy provides a rapid method for determining MFA variation in increment cores and is suitable for the routine analysis of large numbers of samples.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN PRIMARY LENTICELS OF NORWAY SPRUCE OVER THE SEASONS
Authors: Rosner Sabine , Kartusch Birgit 
Published: April 2013

Seasonal production of lenticel tissues was compared between Norway spruce trees (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from a mountain site (1200 m), where they are autochthonous, and seven allochthonous lowland sites (250–600 m).
The periodic changes of lenticel structure were grouped into four stages, based on the degree of their opening: phase 1 - winter dormancy; phase 2 - beginning of meristem activity in spring; phase 3 - production of non-suberised filling tissue in early summer, which causes the disruption of the closing layer formed in the previous growing season; and phase 4 - differentiation of a new closing layer in late summer. Structural changes in lenticels of P. abies may be interpreted as a long-term reaction to climatic conditions, balancing transpiration and respiration. During the most active period of wood production, lenticels were found in their most permeable phase, phase 3. The production of a new closing layer takes place when summer temperatures reach maximum values, and when demand for effective regulation of transpiration is high. During phase 4 transpiration is successfully controlled because differentiating cells of the new closing layer are already suberised, although not in their final rounded shape, and therefore have small intercellular spaces. High annual variability in stratification of lenticel tissues, such as the proportion between closing layer and filling tissue, wall thickening and size of intercellular spaces, also indicates possible long-term regulation mechanisms for transpiration.
BASIC DENSITY AND FIBRE LENGTH AT BREAST HEIGHT OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS SSP. GLOBULUS FOR PARAMETER PREDICTION OF THE WHOLE TREE
Authors: Igartúa D.V. , Monteoliva S.E. , Monterubbianesi M.G. , Villegas M.S. 
Published: April 2013

The aim of the present work was to analyze the associations between basic density and fibre length at breast height (BH) and of the whole tree. This study focused on the need to find a sampling point representative for the whole tree, using 35-year-old Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus plantations established under two different growing conditions in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The relationship between whole-tree and BH values was quantified using linear regression analysis. Relationships were obtained for each growing site and wood features.
WITHIN-TREE VARIATION IN ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPRESSION WOOD IN RADIATA PINE
Authors: Donaldson Lloyd A. , Grace Jenny , Downes Geoff M. 
Published: April 2013

Two trees of radiata pine, one showing severe lean, the other growing almost vertically, were assessed for the presence and anatomical properties of compression wood, including anatomy, lignin distribution, microfibril angle, basic density, radial and tangential lumen diameter and cell wall thickness. Both trees contained significant amounts of compression wood although the severity and amount of compression wood was greater in the leaning tree. Changes in lignin distribution seem to be characteristic of the mildest forms of compression wood with reduced lignification of the middle lamella representing the earliest change observed from normal wood. An increase in microfibril angle was associated with both mild and severe compression wood although examples of severe compression wood with the same or smaller microfibril angles than opposite wood, or with very small microfibril angles, were found. When segregated into mild and severe compression wood the average difference in microfibril angle was 4° and 8° respectively compared with opposite wood. Within-ring distribution of microfibril angle was different in severe compression wood compared to opposite wood with higher angles in the latewood.
Severe compression wood showed a 22% increase in basic density compared to mild compression wood and opposite wood. The increased density was accounted for in terms of a 26% increase in tracheid wall thickness throughout the growth ring, offset by a 9% increase in radial lumen diameter, slightly greater in the latewood. There were no significant changes in density or cell dimensions in mild compression wood compared with opposite wood.