bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial light modulation for interferometric scattering microscopy
Authors: Walter Vivien , Parperis Christopher , Guo Yujie , Wallace Mark Ian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy enables high‐speed and label‐free detection of individual molecules and small nanoparticles. Here we apply point spread function engineering to provide adaptive control of iSCAT images using spatial light modulation. With this approach, we demonstrate improved dynamic spatial filtering, real‐time background subtraction, focus control, and signal modulation based on sample orientation.
Poly (I:C)‐induced maternal immune activation generates impairment of reversal learning performance in offspring
Authors: Munarriz‐Cuezva Eva , Meana Jose Javier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaternal immune activation (MIA) induces a variety of behavioral and brain abnormalities in offspring of rodent models, compatible with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia or autism. However, it remains controversial whether MIA impairs reversal learning, a basic expression of cognitive flexibility that seems to be altered in schizophrenia. In the present study, MIA was induced by administration of a single dose of polyriboinosinic‐polyribocytidylic acid (Poly (I:C) (5 mg/kg i.p.)) or saline to mouse pregnant dams in gestational day (GD) 9.5. Immune activation was monitored through changes in weight and temperature. The offspring were evaluated when they reached adulthood (8 weeks) using a touchscreen‐based system to investigate the effects of Poly (I:C) on discrimination and reversal learning performance. After an initial pre‐training, mice were trained to discriminate between two different stimuli, of which only one was rewarded (acquisition phase). When the correct response reached above 80% values for two consecutive days, the images were reversed (reversal phase) to assess the adaptation capacity to a changing environment. Maternal Poly (I:C) treatment did not interfere with the learning process but induced deficits in reversal learning compared to control saline animals. Thus, the accuracy in the reversal phase was lower, and Poly (I:C) animals required more sessions to complete it, suggesting impairments in cognitive flexibility. This study advances the knowledge of how MIA affects behavior, especially cognitive domains that are impaired in schizophrenia. The findings support the validity of the Poly (I:C)‐based MIA model as a tool to develop pharmacological treatments targeting cognitive deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Implementation of a structured oral hygiene program through nursing assistant education to address non‐ventilator hospital‐acquired pneumonia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Kozub Elizabeth , Gorzycki Emily , Sidebottom Abbey , Castro‐Pearson Sandra , Bryant Ruth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionNon‐ventilator hospital‐acquired pneumonia (NV HAP) is a common complication for hospitalized patients. NV HAP develops when patients aspirate oral secretions containing pathogenic bacteria. Appropriate oral hygiene can help mitigate NV HAP development. Hospital staff, including nursing assistants, play an important role in ensuring that these cares are completed.DesignA quasi‐experimental pre–post design was used to evaluate outcomes before and after implementation of a structured oral hygiene education program.MethodsA structured oral hygiene program was developed and implemented in a large quaternary hospital. Change in NA knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after implementation of the oral hygiene program was evaluated. Retrospective patient outcomes before and after the intervention were analyzed to detect changes in NV HAP rates.ResultsFollowing the education, nursing assistant knowledge of recommended frequency of oral care for patients who are NPO increased (67.2% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.003). NAs were more likely to report oral hygiene tools including oral suctioning (80.8% vs. 90.2%, p = 0.005) and toothbrushes (89.3% vs. 95.3%, p = 0.031). The unadjusted incidence of NV HAP was significantly lower in the post‐intervention cohort (0.25%) compared to the pre‐intervention cohort (0.74%), p < 0.001. In the adjusted model, non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation increased the odds of NV HAP by nearly sevenfold (AOR = 6.88, 95% CI: 3.99, 11.39).ConclusionFocused education for NAs is an effective strategy to increase knowledge related to oral hygiene. Implementing a structured oral hygiene program for NAs appears to be a promising practice to decrease NV HAP.
Treasury Bill Shortages and the Pricing of Short‐Term Assets
Authors: D'AVERNAS ADRIEN , VANDEWEYER QUENTIN 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a model of post‐Great Financial Crisis (GFC) money markets and monetary policy implementation. In our framework, capital regulation may deter banks from intermediating liquidity derived from holding reserves to shadow banks. Consequently, money markets can be segmented, and the scarcity of Treasury bills available to shadow banks is the main driver of short‐term spreads. In this regime, open market operations have an inverse effect on net liquidity provision when swapping ample reserves for scarce T‐bills or repos. Our model quantitatively accounts for post‐2010 time series for repo rates, T‐bill yields, and the Fed's reverse repo facility usage.
A hierarchical progressive recognition network for building change detection in high‐resolution remote sensing images
Authors: Liu Zhihuan , Yang Zaichun , Ren Tingting , Wang Zhenzhen , Deng JinSheng , Deng Chenxi , Zhao Hongmin , Zhou Guoxiong , Chen Aibin , Li Liujun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBuilding change detection (BCD) plays a crucial role in urban planning and development. However, several pressing issues remain unresolved in this field, including false detections of buildings in complex backgrounds, the occurrence of jagged edges in segmentation results, and detection blind spots in densely built‐up areas. To address these challenges, this study innovatively proposes a Hierarchical Adaptive Gradual Recognition Network (HAGR‐Net) to improve the accuracy and robustness of BCD. Additionally, this research is the first to employ the Reinforcement Learning Optimization Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm (ROPS) to optimize the training process of HAGR‐Net, thereby accelerating the training process and reducing memory overhead. Experimental results indicate that the optimized HAGR‐Net outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods on the WHU_CD, Google_CD, and LEVIR_CD data sets, achieving F1 scores of 93.13%, 85.31%, and 91.72%, and mean intersection over union (mIoU) scores of 91.20%, 85.99%, and 90.01%, respectively.
Clinical Outcome of an All Arthroscopic ‘Whole Layer’ Rotator Cuff Repair Technique with Simultaneous Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: Shih Chiu‐Yu , Lin Pei‐Ru , Huang Hui‐Chen , Hsieh Cheng‐Pu 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate clinical outcomes, including function and pain, of patients after our all arthroscopic “whole layer” rotator cuff repair technique with simultaneous biceps tenodesis procedure; factors influencing results were also evaluated. Given the frequent association of rotator cuff tear with long head of biceps lesion and the need for effective combined treatment strategies, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of our technique and compare it with established methods. We hypothesized that our technique would significantly improve function and reduce pain in patients with rotator cuff tears and biceps pathology.MethodsThis is a retrospective study that included patients older than 20 years who underwent all arthroscopic “whole layer” rotator cuff repair technique with simultaneous biceps tenodesis procedures for concomitant rotator cuff tear and long head biceps pathology, from 2016 to 2020. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years of follow‐up using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores paired t‐tests were used for analysis and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05(two‐tailed). The satisfaction rate and complications were also evaluated.ResultsAfter an average follow‐up of 2.3 years, 118 patients demonstrated significant improvement in both the ASES score (from 36.13 to 95.01, p < 0.001) and VAS score (from 6.81 to 0.89, p < 0.001). Ninety‐four percent of the patients reported satisfaction with the surgical outcome. No complications related to Popeye deformity, biceps cramping pain, or ipsilateral shoulder reoperation were observed. Factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes did not influence the results. Patients showed significant improvement in both the ASES and VAS scores (p < 0.001).ConclusionAt a mean follow‐up time of 2.3 years, the all arthroscopic “whole layer” rotator cuff repair technique with simultaneous biceps tenodesis is a therapeutic and efficient procedure. The procedure revealed a satisfactory functional outcome, reduced pain, and minimal complications and reoperations.
Disease burden and symptom management in type 2 diabetic patients: A phenomenological study
Authors: Demir Çam Sevgi , Uzun Sevda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to address the experiences of diabetic patients from a psychosocial perspective, examine the burden of disease, and determine their practices for symptom management.Materials and MethodsIn this study, a phenomenological research design, a qualitative research design, was used. The study included 20 diabetic patients. Individual and face‐to‐face interviews were performed, and Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data.ResultsAs a result of the data analysis, four categories (challenges with care and treatment, coping with the disease, effects, and healthy life behaviors) and eleven main themes (knowledge, application, symptoms, support resources, spiritual coping methods, physical coping methods, physical effects, spiritual effects, social effects, physical practices, and psychological practices) emerged.ConclusionIt was concluded that the disease burden of diabetic patients is intense and that the participants of the study were not effective in coping with the disease through symptom management and found spirituality important in coping.
Combining recognition, conflict‐monitoring and feedback‐related ERPs to detect concealed autobiographical information
Authors: Lin Xiaohong Allison , Li Hong , Sheng Tingwen , Fu Genyue , Sai Liyang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examined the neural signatures associated with conflict‐monitoring, recognition and feedback processing in a feedback Concealed Information Test (fCIT), and also examined whether all the ERPs can be used to detect concealed autobiographical information. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups (guilty or innocent) and then tested in the fCIT while undergoing electroencephalograms (EEGs). The results showed that the probe (participants' name) elicited a more negative N200, and a more positive recognition P300 than irrelevants among guilty participants. Additionally, feedback following the probe elicited a larger feedback P300 than feedback following irrelevants. Further, we found that three indicators, including the conflict‐monitoring N200, recognition P300, and feedback P300, could significantly discriminate between guilty and innocent participants, whereas the FRN could not. Combining them is highly effective in discriminating between guilty and innocent participants (AUC = 0.91). These findings not only shed light on the neural processing of the fCIT but also suggest the potential of using the fCIT to detect concealed autobiographical information.
Social reward predicts false belief understanding in Namibian Hai||om children
Authors: Stengelin Roman , Petrović Ljubica , Thiele Maleen , Hepach Robert , Haun Daniel B. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial motivation is theorized to promote Theory of Mind development in childhood, but research testing this link is scarce and largely limited to urban middle‐class milieus of the Global North. Here, we investigated the link between social motivation (i.e., social reward responsivity) and Theory of Mind (i.e., false belief understanding) among N = 59 Hai||om children (AgeRange = 2.3–8.0 years) from rural Namibia, an indigenous community where children's social experience with peers and adults differs much from urban middle‐class milieus typically sampled in developmental science research. Children's preference for adult, but not peer faces predicted their false belief performance. Moreover, their false belief performance increased with age, showing mastery of the current false belief task by the preschool years. These results accommodate universalist claims on the link between social motivation and Theory of Mind while suggesting a particular contribution of the social reward responsivity to adult social partners.
An analysis of reviews related to grammar teaching and learning in Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German (2000–2023)
Authors: Rothe Lucian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTeaching and learning grammar has been a cornerstone of many German language courses. This article analyzes reviews of teaching and learning materials related to grammar, which were published in Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German between 2000 and 2023, discussing general trajectories and highlighting works that remain relevant today. The article contributes to the journal's special issue on Form by providing an opportunity to reflect on and discuss the relevance of grammar‐related resources in German studies. It also reminds readers of instructional materials that focus on the grammatical form of language and that continue to be useful due to their theoretical insight, pedagogical advice, and/or practical classroom examples.
Intranasal Linguatula serrata (tongue worm) in canids and vulpids can be detected using computed tomography
Authors: Birckhead Alice , Jenkins David , Shamsi Shokoofeh , Malik Richard , Carstens Ann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLinguatula serrata (“tongue worm”) is a zoonotic intranasal parasite found globally in wild dogs, free‐ranging dogs, some domestic dogs, and vulpids. Since there are no sensitive tests currently available, infections are underdiagnosed. This is a pilot observational prospective study aimed at determining whether nasal linguatulosis can be diagnosed using CT. The secondary aims were to evaluate radiography, rhinoscopy, and nasal egg swabs as methods in the diagnosis of tongue worms. Fifty‐four wild canids and three vulpids euthanased by gunshot were sourced from pest‐control officers. Cadaver heads were subjected to helical CT examination, nasal‐swabbed for tongue worm eggs, and necropsied. Radiographs and rhinoscopy were performed on cadavers suspected to be infected based on preliminary CT examination. Tongue worms were retrieved at necropsy in 25 dogs and one fox. CT findings in animals with no nasal cavity ballistic damage were reviewed in six infected dogs and one infected fox. Adult female tongue worms were identified in 4 of 6 dogs and 1 of 1 fox as long, tubular, slightly heterogeneously attenuating structures in the mid to caudal nasal cavities. They were not clearly visible in CT scans when surrounded by nasal fluid, and small parasites (male and immature females) were not discernible. Radiographic findings were mild and nonspecific. One tongue worm was detected in 1 of 12 dogs examined rhinoscopically. Tongue worm eggs were found in swabs from 7 of 25 dogs. While small tongue worms could not be detected with CT, CT proved to be a useful diagnostic method for visualizing adult female tongue worms.
Dynamic Simulation and Collision Detection for Flexible Mechanical Systems With Contact Using the Floating Frame of Reference Formulation
Authors: Dai Xu , Kövecses József , Teichmann Marek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Contact simulation is essential in modeling mechanical systems. The contact models require accurate geometric information, which is determined through collision detection methods. When the mechanical system includes flexible bodies such as structural components, the dynamic formulation and collision detection can be more challenging, as the geometric boundaries of such components keep changing during the simulation. The floating frame of reference (FFR) formulation is suitable for flexible systems with small deformation. In this work, a stable and efficient dynamic simulation method is introduced for flexible systems with contact based on the FFR formulation. In addition, a curve-based collision detection method is proposed, which is more consistent with the dynamic formulation and more efficient than common existing collision detection methods. Case studies of flexible beams and multibody systems are employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed dynamic simulation and collision detection methods.
Effect of Forced Convection Heat Transfer on Vapor Quality in Subcooled Flow Boiling
Authors: Kanatani Kentaro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A new theoretical model of vapor quality in subcooled flow boiling is proposed based on energy balance and well-known heat transfer correlations. This model takes into account the enhancement of forced convection heat transfer due to the presence of vapor. It is shown that the vapor quality predicted by our model is much less than that by a previous model for low pressure. This result demonstrates that the convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC) cannot be constant, and the effect of gas phase on forced convection heat transfer cannot be neglected even for subcooled flow boiling, particularly at low pressures. However, the difference between the present and previous models decreases as the pressure increases because (i) the increase of the convective heat transfer coefficient is weakened, and (ii) boiling heat transfer becomes dominant. The difference becomes large if the mass flux is increased or the wall heat flux is decreased, owing to the difference in the form of the convective heat flux. Furthermore, the present model has the capability of locating the point at which bulk boiling commences. In general, this saturation point moves downstream as the wall heat flux and pressure increase, and upstream as the mass flux and tube diameter increase. In addition, the present model can be simplified to a one-variable model, which is a good approximation of the original one especially for low pressures and wall heat flux and high mass flux.
Understanding Environmental Barrier Coating Lifetimes and Performance for Industrial Gas Turbines
Authors: Ridley M. J. , Lance M. J. , Aguirre T. G. , Kane K. A. , Pint B. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen or hydrogen blend fuels are expected to replace natural gas in land-based industrial gas turbines (IGTs) to support a greener power economy. Silicon carbide (SiC) base ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are considered for replacement of Ni-based superalloys to facilitate future efficiency improvements. SiC CMCs require environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to mitigate volatilization from high-temperature steam, thus making the EBC lifetime critical information for identifying CMC component lifetimes. The goal of this project is to determine the maximum bond coating temperature underneath the EBC for achieving an IGT component lifetime goal of 25,000 h, which is far greater than current CMC component lifetime requirements for aeroturbine applications. To provide data for the lifetime model, laboratory testing used atmospheric plasma-sprayed rare-earth silicate EBCs on monolithic SiC substrates with an intermediate Si bond coating. Specimens exposed to 1-h thermal cycles in flowing air–steam environments and reaction kinetics were assessed from 700 °C to 1350 °C by measuring the thickness of the thermally grown silica scales. The silica growth and phase transformation appear critical in predicting EBC lifetime and several strategies have been explored to reduce the oxide growth rate and improve EBC durability at elevated temperatures. Advanced characterization using Raman spectroscopy has helped clarify this system.
Evaluation of Current and Future Aviation Fuels at High-Pressure Rich-Quench-Lean-Type Combustor Conditions
Authors: Griebel Peter , Hampp Fabian , Lückerath Rainer , Lammel Oliver , Grein Tobias , Sallinen Reetu , Vilja Jesse , Sandberg Kati 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Decarbonizing the aviation sector is one of the biggest challenges to minimize climate change effects associated with carbon dioxide emission. Sustainable aviation fuels will play a major role in this context especially for long-distance flights where hydrogen or all-electric propulsion systems do not present a feasible alternative. In addition, aromatic-free sustainable aviation fuels offer a promising solution to lower soot emissions of aeroengines. Jet A-1 as reference fuel, two blends, and two neat synthesized paraffinic kerosenes (SPKs) from hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) were tested to characterize the combustion behavior of drop-in/near drop-in fuels. Experiments in an optically accessible high-pressure rich-quench-lean (RQL)-type combustor at typical aeroengine conditions were performed using optical diagnostics, exhaust gas, and particle sampling measurements to delineate the fuel effects on spray, flame, and emission characteristics. Measurements were performed at pressures up to 10 bar, air preheating temperatures up to 773 K and primary zone equivalence ratios up to 1.66. Liquid fuel distribution and fuel placement were found to be sensitive to fuel properties. By contrast, no pronounced influence on flame position and shape were observed. As a consequence, NOx and CO emissions of the tested fuels differed only moderately. However, particulate matter measurements at the fuel richest operating condition showed a clear fuel ranking with the lowest particle emissions evident for the two neat HEFA-SPK samples. Moreover, the particle volume concentration at the fuel richest condition followed the expected trend with fuel H-content.
Numerical Investigation of Flow Structure and Pressure Drop Prediction for Radial Inflow Between Corotating Disks With Negative Effective Inlet Swirl Ratio
Authors: Xu Yang , Ding Shuiting , Qiu Tian , Liu Peng , Zhao Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical simulation of the flow structure of radial inflow between corotating disks with a negative ceff (effective inlet swirl ratio), which may occur in a vortex reducer equipped with deswirl nozzles. When the value of ceff approaches zero, asymmetric flow structure is observed in the cavity. Besides this, the flow structure inside the disk cavity at ceff &lt; 0 can be divided into a source region, a sink region, an interior core region, and two Ekman layers, which is identical to the situation when 0 &lt; ceff &lt; 1. However, there exist two distinct patterns: the stagnation point on the disk and on the peripheral. According to a theoretical analysis, ceff = −1/8 is used to distinguish between these two patterns. Based on flow structure partitioning, a theoretical model for predicting the swirl ratio radial distribution and pressure drop in a disk cavity with ceff &lt; 0 was established. The model employs the turbulent boundary layer integral method, and von Karman's assumption of velocity profile and wall shear stress for a free disk. The calculation results of the swirl ratio in the cavity are in good agreement with the computational fluid dynamics results except when the negative ceff approaches zero because of the deviation of the radial velocity profile from the “1/7” power law. Furthermore, pressure drop prediction across the cavity by the model has been verified through comparison with public experimental results.