bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurological disease ontology
Authors: Jensen Mark , Cox Alexander P , Chaudhry Naveed , Ng Marcus , Sule Donat , Duncan William , Ray Patrick , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Smith Barry , Ruttenberg Alan , Szigeti Kinga , Diehl Alexander D 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
We are developing the Neurological Disease Ontology (ND) to provide a framework to enable representation of aspects of neurological diseases that are relevant to their treatment and study. ND is a representational tool that addresses the need for unambiguous annotation, storage, and retrieval of data associated with the treatment and study of neurological diseases. ND is being developed in compliance with the Open Biomedical Ontology Foundry principles and builds upon the paradigm established by the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) for the representation of entities in the domain of disease and medical practice. Initial applications of ND will include the annotation and analysis of large data sets and patient records for Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.

Description
ND is implemented in OWL 2 and currently has more than 450 terms that refer to and describe various aspects of neurological diseases. ND directly imports the development version of OGMS, which uses BFO 2. Term development in ND has primarily extended the OGMS terms ‘disease’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘disease course’, and ‘disorder’. We have imported and utilize over 700 classes from related ontology efforts including the Foundational Model of Anatomy, Ontology for Biomedical Investigations, and Protein Ontology. ND terms are annotated with ontology metadata such as a label (term name), term editors, textual definition, definition source, curation status, and alternative terms (synonyms). Many terms have logical definitions in addition to these annotations. Current development has focused on the establishment of the upper-level structure of the ND hierarchy, as well as on the representation of Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The ontology is available as a version-controlled file athttp://code.google.com/p/neurological-disease-ontology along with a discussion list and an issue tracker.

Conclusion
ND seeks to provide a formal foundation for the representation of clinical and research data pertaining to neurological diseases. ND will enable its users to connect data in a robust way with related data that is annotated using other terminologies and ontologies in the biomedical domain.
A novel promising Trichoderma harzianum strain for the production of a cellulolytic complex using sugarcane bagasse in natura
Authors: Benoliel Bruno , Torres Fernando Araripe Gonçalves , de Moraes Lidia Maria Pepe 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Brazil is a major producer of agro-industrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, which could be used as raw material for microbial production of cellulases as an important strategy for the development of sustainable processes of second generation ethanol production. For this purpose, this work aimed at screening for glycosyl hydrolase activities of fungal strains isolated from the Brazilian Cerrado. Among 13 isolates, a Trichoderma harzianum strain (L04) was identified as a promising candidate for cellulase production when cultured on in natura sugarcane bagasse. Strain L04 revealed a well-balanced cellulolytic complex, presenting fast kinetic production of endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases, achieving 4,022, U.L-1 (72 h), 1,228 U.L-1 (120 h) and 1,968 U.L-1 (48 h) as the highest activities, respectively. About 60% glucose yields were obtained from sugarcane bagasse after 18 hours hydrolysis. This new strain represents a potential candidate for on-site enzyme production using sugarcane bagasse as carbon source.
Moderators of remission with interpersonal counselling or drug treatment in primary care patients with depression: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Menchetti Marco , Rucci Paola , Bortolotti Biancamaria , Bombi Annarosa , Scocco Paolo , Kraemer Helena Chmura , Berardi Domenico ,   the DEPICS group
Published: December 2013

BackgroundDespite depressive disorders being very common there has been little research to guide primary care physicians on the choice of treatment for patients with mild to moderate depression.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy of interpersonal counselling compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in primary care attenders with major depression and to identify moderators of treatment outcome.MethodA randomised controlled trial in nine centres (DEPICS, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12608000479303). The primary outcome was remission of the depressive episode (defined as a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score 7 at 2 months). Daily functioning was assessed using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale. Logistic regression models were used to identify moderators of treatment outcome.ResultsThe percentage of patients who achieved remission at 2 months was significantly higher in the interpersonal counselling group compared with the SSRI group (58.7%v.45.1%,P= 0.021). Five moderators of treatment outcome were found: depression severity, functional impairment, anxiety comorbidity, previous depressive episodes and smoking habit.ConclusionsWe identified some patient characteristics predicting a differential outcome with pharmacological and psychological interventions. Should our results be confirmed in future studies, these characteristics will help clinicians to define criteria for first-line treatment of depression targeted to patients' characteristics.
Cortisol awakening response and subsequent depression: prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Carnegie Rebecca , Araya Ricardo , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Glover Vivette , O'Connor Thomas G. , O'Donnell Kieran J. , Pearson Rebecca , Lewis Glyn 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundSome studies have found an association between elevated cortisol and subsequent depression, but findings are inconsistent. The cortisol awakening response may be a more stable measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function and potentially of stress reactivity.AimsTo investigate whether salivary cortisol, particularly the cortisol awakening response, is associated with subsequent depression in a large population cohort.MethodYoung people (aged 15 years,n= 841) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) collected salivary cortisol at four time points for 3 school days. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for developing depression meeting ICD-10 criteria at 18 years.ResultsWe found no evidence for an association between salivary cortisol and subsequent depression. Odds ratios for the cortisol awakening response were 1.24 per standard deviation (95% CI 0.93–1.66,P= 0.14) before and 1.12 (95% CI 0.73–1.72,P= 0.61) after adjustment for confounding factors. There was no evidence that the other cortisol measures, including cortisol at each time point, diurnal drop and area under the curve, were associated with subsequent depression.ConclusionsOur findings do not support the hypothesis that elevated salivary cortisol increases the short-term risk of subsequent depressive illness. The results suggest that if an association does exist, it is small and unlikely to be of clinical significance.
Reduction of blood oxygen levels enhances postprandial cardiac hypertrophy in Burmese python (Python molurus)
Authors: Slay Chris , Enok Sanne , Hicks James , Wang Tobias 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPhysiological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by reversible enlargement of cardiomyocytes and changes in chamber architecture, which increase stroke volume and VO2 max via augmented convective oxygen transport. Cardiac hypertrophy is known to occur in response to repeated elevations of O2 demand and/or reduced O2 supply in several species of vertebrate ectotherms, including postprandial Burmese pythons (Python molurus). Recent data suggest postprandial cardiac hypertrophy in P. molurus is a facultative rather than obligatory response to digestion, though the triggers of this response are unknown. Here we hypothesize that an O2 supply-demand mismatch stimulates postprandial cardiac enlargement in Burmese pythons. To test this hypothesis, we rendered animals anemic prior to feeding, essentially halving blood oxygen content during the postprandial period. Fed anemic animals had heart rates 126% higher than fasted controls, which, coupled with a 71% increase in mean arterial pressure suggests fed anemic animals were experiencing significantly elevated cardiac work. We found significant cardiac hypertrophy in fed anemic animals, which exhibited ventricles 39% larger than fasted controls and 28% larger than fed controls. These findings support our hypothesis that those animals with a greater magnitude of O2 supply-demand mismatch exhibit the largest hearts. The "low O2 signal" stimulating postprandial cardiac hypertrophy is likely mediated by elevated ventricular wall stress associated with postprandial hemodynamics.
Are torpid bats immune to anthropogenic noise?
Authors: Luo Jinhong , Clarin B.-Markus , Borissov Ivailo M. , Siemers Björn M. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Anthropogenic noise has a negative impact on a variety of animals. However, many bat species roost in places with high levels of anthropogenic noise. Here we test the hypothesis that torpid bats are insensitive to anthropogenic noise. In a laboratory experiment, we recorded skin temperature (Tsk) of bats roosting individually that were subjected to playbacks of different types of noise. We found that torpid bats with Tsk ~10°C lower than their active Tsk, responded to all types of noise by elevating Tsk. Bats responded most strongly to colony and vegetation noise, and most weakly to traffic noise. The time of day when torpid bats were exposed to noise had a pronounced effect on responses. Torpid bats showed increasing responses from morning towards evening, i.e. towards the onset of the active phase. Skin temperature at the onset of noise exposure (Tsk-start, 17 ~ 29°C) was not related to the response. Moreover, we found evidence that torpid bats rapidly habituated to repeated and prolonged noise exposure.
Biomechanical strategies for mitigating collision damage in insect wings: structural design versus embedded elastic materials
Authors: Mountcastle Andrew M. , Combes Stacey A. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe wings of many insects accumulate considerable wear and tear during their lifespan, and this irreversible structural damage can impose significant costs on insect flight performance and survivability. Wing wear in foraging bumblebees (and likely many other species) is caused by inadvertent, repeated collisions with vegetation during flight, suggesting the possibility that insect wings may display biomechanical adaptations to mitigate the damage associated with collisions. We used a novel experimental technique to artificially induce wing wear in bumblebees and yellowjacket wasps, closely related species with similar life histories but distinct wing morphologies. Wasps have a flexible resilin joint (the costal break) positioned distally along the leading edge of the wing, which allows the wing tip to crumple reversibly when it hits an obstacle, whereas bumblebees lack an analogous joint. Through experimental manipulation of its stiffness, we found that the costal break plays a critical role in mitigating collision damage in yellowjacket wings. However, bumblebee wings do not experience as much damage as would be expected based on their lack of a costal break, possibly due to differences in the spatial arrangement of supporting wing veins. Our results indicate that these two species utilize different wing design strategies for mitigating damage resulting from collisions. A simple inertial model of a flapping wing reveals the biomechanical constraints acting on the costal break, which may help explain its absence in bumblebee wings.
Antimicrobial properties of a nanostructured eggshell from a compost-nesting bird
Authors: D'Alba Liliana , Jones Darryl N. , Eliason Chad , Badawy Hope T. , Shawkey Matthew D. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Infection is an important source of mortality for avian embryos but parental behaviors and eggs themselves can provide a network of antimicrobial defenses. Mound builders (Aves: Megapodiidae) are unique among birds in that they produce heat for developing embryos not by sitting on eggs but by burying them in carefully tended mounds of soil and microbially decomposing vegetation. The low infection rate of eggs of one species in particular, the Australian brush-turkey (Alectura lathami) suggests that they possess strong defensive mechanisms. To identify some of these mechanisms we first quantified antimicrobial albumen proteins and characterized eggshell structure, finding that albumen was not unusually antimicrobial, but that eggshell cuticle was composed of nanometer-sized calcite spheres. Experimental tests revealed that these modified eggshells were significantly more hydrophobic and better at preventing bacterial attachment and penetration into the egg contents than chicken eggs. Our results suggest that these mechanisms may contribute to the antimicrobial defense system of these eggs, and may provide inspiration for new biomimetic anti-fouling surfaces.
Ectoparasite performance when feeding on reproducing mammalian females: an unexpected decrease when on pregnant hosts
Authors: Dlugosz Elizabeth M. , Downs Cynthia J. , Khokhlova Irina , Degen Allan , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryReproduction is an energy-demanding activity in mammalian females, with increased energy requirements during pregnancy and, especially, during lactation. To better understand the interactions between parasitism and host reproduction, we investigated feeding and reproductive performance of fleas (Xenopsylla ramesis) parasitizing non-reproducing, pregnant, or lactating gerbilline rodents (Meriones crassus). Based on energetic considerations, we predicted that feeding and reproductive performance of fleas would be lowest on non-breeding females, moderate on pregnant females, and highest on lactating females. We estimated feeding performance of the fleas via absolute and mass-specific bloodmeal size and reproductive performance via egg production and latency to peak oviposition. Host reproductive status had no effect on either absolute or mass-specific bloodmeal size or the day of peak oviposition, but significantly affected the daily number of eggs produced by a female flea. Surprisingly, and contrary to our predictions, egg production of fleas fed on pregnant rodents was significantly lower than that on non-reproducing and lactating rodents, while no difference in egg production between fleas feeding on non-reproducing and lactating hosts was found. Our results suggest that differences in parasite reproduction when feeding on hosts of different reproductive status are not associated with the different energy requirements of the hosts at non-breeding, pregnancy and lactation but rather with variation in hormonal and/or immune status during these periods.
Mutual insurance of property in prerevolutionary Russia
Authors: Краюшкина  , Krayushkina Elena 
Published: December 2013

The system of mutual property insurance in the Russian Empire is considered.
It is shown how mutual property insurance affected the economic development
of Russia, strengths and weaknesses in the activities of various insurance
establishments are explored. Positive pieces of historical experience in the field
of insurance is proposed to use in the course of reforming the modern insurance
legislation.
Ways of increase the overall performance of russian industrial enterprises vsovremennyh conditions
Authors: Сизов  , Sizov L. 
Published: December 2013

In given article problems of increase of an overall performance and innovative
activity of the Russian industrial enterprises are considered. On the basis of
application synergetic the approach to the organization of activity of creation of
the innovative infrastructure giving synergetic effect, introduction of innovative
loans and realization of the concept of macro logistical platforms it is possible
to achieve competitiveness of the Russian industrial enterprises.
The system of program management of the innovation component of industrial production in the regional economic complex
Authors: Шишкин  , Shishkin Andrey 
Published: December 2013

It considers the concepts associated with the system software of management
of innovative projects. Analyzed different approaches, management at different
levels. The characteristic of a program-target approach in project management.
Given the characteristics of the stages of the project. A scheme of the decision
on implementation of the innovation project. Analyzed in a quantitative method
of identification of investments for realization of the innovative project.
Characterized separate stages of the business plan of the innovative project.
Formed table of indicators of efficiency of the innovative project.
Recommendations on the formation of a formal model of the decision on the
implementation of the innovation project.
Food Insecurity and SNAP Participation in Mexican Immigrant Families: The Impact of the Outreach Initiative
Authors: Kaushal Neeraj , Waldfogel Jane , Wight Vanessa R. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We study the factors associated with food insecurity and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in Mexican immigrant families in the US. Estimates from analyses that control for a rich set of economic, demographic, and geographic variables show that children in Mexican immigrant families are more likely to be food insecure than children in native families, but are less likely to participate in SNAP. Further, more vulnerable groups such as the first-generation Mexican immigrant families, families in the US for less than 5 years, and families with non-citizen children – that are at a higher risk of food insecurity are the least likely to participate in SNAP. Our analysis suggests that the US Department of Agriculture outreach initiative and SNAP expansion under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act increased SNAP participation of the mixed-status Mexican families, and there is some evidence that food insecurity declined among children in low-educated mixed status families. We do not find any evidence that the outreach and ARRA expansion increased SNAP receipt among Mexican immigrant families with only non-citizen members who are likely to be undocumented.
Long-term changes in sublittoral macroalgal assemblages related to water quality improvement
Authors: Pinedo Susana , Zabala Mikel , Ballesteros Enric 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Sampling of sublittoral macroalgal assemblages was carried out in 1982 and 1999 along the coast of Catalonia (Northwestern Mediterranean, Spain) in order to study long-term changes in species composition. Ordination analysis revealed significant differences in species composition and abundance between the two study periods. The number of stations with indicators of eutrophication, such as species of Chaetomorpha, Cladophora, and Ulva, decreased from 1982 to 1999. This decrease was not balanced by an increase in species typical of pristine environments, such as large perennial brown algae (in particular, Cystoseira mediterranea), but rather by an increase of stress-resistant species such as Corallina elongata. The observed shifts seem to be driven by the decrease in nutrient loadings in the water column, resulting from the progressive implementation of sewage treatment management in the study region since the mid-1970s.
Historical and present distribution of Zostera marina in the high north (Troms County, northern Norway) – a decline over the last century
Authors: Jørgensen Nina M. , Bekkby Trine 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Eelgrass meadows (Zostera marina) have been mapped in Troms (Norway), in the temperate northeast Atlantic, north of the polar circle, from 2008 to 2011. In this region, there is little knowledge of the distribution of the eelgrass meadows. Northern Norway has an extensive coastline with many pressures and stakeholders. Old records (back to 1900) have been revisited and new locations surveyed based on a combination of spatial modeling, using digital information on depth, slope, and wave exposure and stakeholder recommendations. The results showed that 42% of the previously mapped locations had disappeared. However, we found Z. marina meadows at seven locations where they had not previously been recorded. Most meadows (66%) were smaller than 10,000 m2. The largest meadow covered an area of 325,000 m2, and was located in Balsfjorden. The results clearly show that Z. marina is able to form actively growing stands even at ∼70°N. Three of the meadows were first registered over 100 years ago, indicating long-lived stands in stable conditions. This study cannot explain the causes for the observed decline, and only discusses possible relations. The eelgrass meadows are genetically isolated but yet diverse. Management at fjord range level is required to maintain healthy and stable stands of eelgrass meadows in this region.
Extractives of mechanically wounded wood and knots in beech
Authors: Vek Viljem , Oven Primož , Ters Thomas , Poljanšek Ida , Hinterstoisser Barbara 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Various types of wound-associated wood, such as discoloured wood including knots of living and dead branches, were sampled from common beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.), extracted, and the extracts have been analysed by GC and colourimetry assay. Sequential pressurised solvent extraction was applied with cyclohexane and aqueous methanol. The yield of hydrophilic compounds was three to five times higher than that of lipophilic extractives. The fractions differed mainly in their hydrophilic moieties. The lipophilic extractives consisted mainly of free fatty acids, fatty alcohols and free sterols. The yield of fatty acids was slightly higher in reaction zones and knots. The content of free sterols was highest in the reaction zones and in the discoloured wood. The hydrophilic extractives consisted of soluble sugars, various acids and phenolic compounds with catechin as the dominant one. Expectedly, the yield of phenolic extractives and catechin (proanthocyanidins) was highest in knots and wound-wood. Discoloured wood gave rise to lower amounts of catechin.
Thermoplastic deformation of poplar wood plasticized by ionic liquids measured by a nonisothermal compression technique
Authors: Ou Rongxian , Xie Yanjun , Wang Qingwen , Sui Shujuan , Wolcott Michael P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The in situ thermoplasticization of poplar wood with ionic liquids (ILs) has been investigated. The thermoplastic deformation of wood samples treated with four types of ILs at various concentrations was determined through nonisothermal compression tests by means of a rotational rheometer. Results show that increasing the concentration of ILs reduced softening temperature and increased deformation compared to the untreated control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that plastic deformation of wood cells from the applied compression stress varied, depending on cell type, and occurred without cell wall fracture. X-ray diffraction analysis of compressed wood showed that wood treated with ILs exhibits a greater crystallinity index than the untreated control. The recovered strain in compressed samples decreased with increasing temperature and concentration of ILs to 18% weight percent gain (WPG) and then decreased slightly to 36% WPG. In treated samples, the combined wood/IL blends demonstrated less thermal stability than wood and ILs alone. Results also show that plastic deformation of IL-treated wood resulted in viscous buckling of unfractured cell walls. This deformation mode likely resulted from the disintegration of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between cell wall polymers through the combined effect of ILs, pressure, and high temperature.