bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment staging of colon cancer in the Swedish population
Authors: Sjövall A. , Blomqvist L. , Martling A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimPreoperative staging of colon cancer according to Swedish national guidelines implies imaging evaluation of the primary tumour, liver and lungs. Failure to adhere to these guidelines results in negative scorings in the national registration system. In the present study we report the extent of compliance with these guidelines.MethodSince 2007 clinical data on all patients diagnosed with colon cancer in Sweden have been collected in a national database. This includes information on pretherapeutic diagnostic imaging performed, pretherapeutic TNM stage and data on treatment and follow‐up. All patients diagnosed with colon cancer in Sweden between 2007 and 2010 were included.ResultsNine thousand and eight‐three patients (i.e. 60.5% of all patients) had a complete pretherapeutic radiological evaluation; 65.2% had a CT or MRI of the primary tumour, whereas over 80% had examinations of the liver and lungs. There were no difference related to sex, but more patients under 75 years had a complete evaluation. There were large differences between different regions; one region performed a complete evaluation of 78.3% of all patients. The proportion of patients examined increased from 53.9 to 65.0% during the study period. Elective cases were more frequently evaluated before treatment than those with an emergency presentation.ConclusionMost patients in Sweden had a complete pretreatment imaging evaluation of the colon cancer with geographical and time‐dependent variations. Knowledge of the importance of these variations and correlation of pre‐ and postoperative TNM stage is warranted, and such studies are ongoing.
The influence of copper(II) ions on wool photostability in the dry state
Authors: Zhang Hu , Deb‐Choudhury Santanu , Plowman Jeffrey , Millington Keith , Dyer Jolon 
Published: June 2013

It has been hypothesised that the presence of trace metals in wool, notably copper and iron, has an influence on the formation of free radicals under irradiation and thereby affects the photostability of wool and wool products, particularly in the wet state. There has been limited research evaluating the influence of copper ions on wool photodiscoloration. This study examined the relative photodiscoloration of wool bound with varied amounts of copper(II) ions under UVA, UVB and blue light irradiation in the dry state. Total reflectance and visible/near‐infrared absorbance spectra, tryptophan‐type fluorescence (λex = 295 nm, λem = 340 nm) and photoinduced chemiluminescence emissions of natural wool and copper(II)‐treated wool were characterised and contrasted. CIELAB colour space, D1925 yellowness and CIE whiteness values measured from irradiated wool samples indicate that wool treated with copper(II) solution at a higher concentration yellowed faster and experienced greater overall colour changes under UVA and UVB irradiation, whereas copper(II)‐treated wool seemed to be more photostable than untreated natural wool under blue light irradiation. It was also observed that binding copper ions to wool resulted in decreased tryptophan‐type fluorescence and photoinduced chemiluminescence emissions relative to untreated natural wool.
Evolution of a physiological trade‐off in a parasitoid wasp: how best to manage lipid reserves in a warming environment
Authors: Denis Damien , van Baaren Joan , Pierre Jean‐Sébastien , Wajnberg Eric 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEctothermic animals, especially insects, are probably the ones most affected, for better or worse, by variable thermic environment, for example in the case of global warming, as their metabolic rate is controlled by the ambient temperature. Parasitoid insects, at the third trophic level, are widely distributed worldwide, and they influence the population dynamics of their highly diverse insect hosts. An important feature of parasitoid wasps is their supposedly limited or non‐existent capacity to synthesize lipids during adulthood. As lipid level can be expected to determine whether they engage in maintenance or reproduction, parasitoid wasps are useful biological models for investigating how evolutionary trade‐offs in energy allocation to maintenance or reproduction are likely to alter in response to global climate change. To address this, we developed a state‐dependent stochastic dynamic programming model, which we parameterized using empirically derived data. The model shed light on the adaptive response of parasitoids with regard to three traits: activity rate, initial egg load, and egg production over the adult female's life span. We show that in a warmer climate, parasitoids devote smaller amounts of lipids to their reproductive effort and favour maintenance over reproduction. However, the bias towards maintenance is reduced when the parasitoids are able to adapt their activity rate to the features of their environment. This model could be tailored to a wide range of organisms with limited energy intake during their adult life.
Young people's views of UK mental health services
Authors: Plaistow James , Masson Kim , Koch Damaris , Wilson Jon , Stark Rosemary M. , Jones Peter B. , Lennox Belinda R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAims and methodAdolescence is the period of highest risk for the development of mental illness, but also the age group least likely to seek help from mental health services. We undertook a systematic review of the published literature on the views of young people of mental health services in the UK and a thematic analysis of the findings to explore the reasons behind this to guide those developing services for young people.ResultsThirty‐one studies were identified, which captured the views of 13 605 young people including 625 young people who had experience of mental health services. Positive views to emerge were of qualities of mental health workers and encouraging self‐reliance. Negative views were of stigma, lack of information, medicalization of their problems and a lack of continuity of care.ConclusionsYoung people have consistent views of the positive and negative aspects of mental health services, which could be helpfully incorporated in the design of services. The views of some groups of young people have not been well represented, however, and the views of minority ethnic groups and those who have disengaged from services in particular need to be actively sought.
Audit of discharges from a regional service in the United Kingdom
Authors: Phillipson Adrian , Akroyd Mike , Carley Joanne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimAs early intervention in psychosis (EI) continues to develop, clinical governance maintains an important role in the ‘real world’ analysis of services. This paper details an audit of all discharges from a regional early intervention service in the United Kingdom, providing benchmarking information on service structure, interventions and outcomes. The background places the service in the context of national and international guidelines.MethodsAll discharges between service inception in 2004 and February 2011 were retrospectively examined and audited according to identified standards, based upon international and national guidelines. A total of 110 patients were discharged from the EI service after a period of involvement of at least 6 months.ResultsA high proportion of service users (55%) had their care transferred back to primary care after discharge. Physical health and social needs were well addressed, and almost half of individuals were in education, training or employment upon discharge. Most service users (69%) did not require inpatient admission during their involvement with the service. Although the majority had psychological, pharmacological and physical health needs addressed, there remained room for improvement when measured against identified standards.ConclusionsThis paper details outcomes of every patient seen by an EI service since inception, providing valuable benchmarking information for those involved in management of similar services, service redevelopment, commissioning, and implementation of evidence‐based practice. The proportion of service users in education, training or employment after discharge exceeded expectations considerably.
Psychopathology and affect dysregulation across the continuum of psychosis: a multiple comparison group study
Authors: Taylor Hannah E. , Stewart Suzanne L.K. , Dunn Graham , Parker Sophie , Bentall Richard P. , Birchwood Max , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThere is evidence that psychotic‐like phenomena can be detected within the general population and that psychotic experiences lie on a continuum that also spans affective states. We aimed to investigate comparisons of a first‐episode psychosis group, an ‘at‐risk mental state group’ and a help‐seeking control group with non‐patients to explore whether affective states lie on a continuum of psychosis.MethodMeasures of psychotic‐like experiences, social anxiety and depression were administered to 20 patients experiencing first‐episode psychosis (FEP), 113 patients experiencing an ‘at‐risk’ mental state (ARMS), 28 patients who were help‐seeking but not experiencing a FEP or ARMS (HSC) and 30 non‐clinical participants (NC).ResultsFor distress in relation to psychotic‐like experiences, the FEP, ARMS and HSC groups scored significantly higher than the NC group for the perceptual abnormalities and non‐bizarre ideas. In terms of severity of psychotic experiences, the FEP scored the highest, followed by the ARMS group, followed by the HSC and NC groups. The clinical groups scored significantly higher for depression than the non‐clinical group. Interestingly, only the FEP and the ARMS groups scored significantly higher than non‐patients for social anxiety.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a psychosis continuum exists; however, this does not suggest that both psychosis and affective symptoms lie on the same continuum, rather it would appear the presence of such affective states that may affect help‐seeking behaviour and clinical status. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
Cerebrovascular contributions to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and potential therapeutic interventions in mouse models
Authors: Thomason Lynsie A. M. , Stefanovic Bojana , McLaurin JoAnne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe inter‐relationship between vascular dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease pathology is not clearly understood; however, it is clear that the accumulation of amyloid‐beta peptide and loss of vascular function contribute to the cognitive decline detected in patients. At present, imaging modalities can monitor the downstream effects of vascular dysfunction such as cerebral blood flow alterations, white and gray matter lacunes, and ischemic lesions; however, they cannot distinguish parenchymal plaques from cerebrovascular amyloid. Much of our understanding regarding the relationship between amyloid and vascular dysfunction has come from longitudinal population studies and mouse models. In this review, we will discuss the breadth of data generated on vascular function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy. We will also discuss therapeutic strategies targeting the reduction of cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy and improvement of vascular function.
Serine racemase as a prime target for age‐related memory deficits
Authors: Billard J.‐M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe learning and memory deficits associated with non‐pathological ageing mainly result from alterations to the plasticity of neuronal network dynamics within the hippocampus. In addition to the broad spectrum of changes that affect the morphology and function of hippocampal excitatory circuits in the ageing brain, the impaired activation of theN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDA‐R) is a typical feature, altering the induction and maintenance of long‐term potentiation, a major form of synaptic plasticity. In addition to glutamate, the binding of a co‐agonist at the strychnine‐insensitive glycine‐binding site is required forNMDA‐Ractivation. This review presents recent evidence that: (i) the amino acidd‐serine is an endogenous co‐agonist of synapticNMDA‐R and necessary for long‐term potentiation expression, (ii) reducedd‐serine levels in the hippocampus contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in normal ageing, and (iii) age‐related oxidative stress selectively targets hippocampal serine racemase to impactd‐serine availability in neuronal networks. These results emphasize the critical role of the hippocampald‐serine‐dependent pathway in changes affecting neuronal network dynamics in physiological ageing that underlie memory deficits. In addition, the central role of serine racemase in these changes opens new perspectives in the search for relevant therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing age‐related memory defects.
Amyloid‐β protein (Aβ) Glu11 is the major β‐secretase site of β‐site amyloid‐β precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1), and shifting the cleavage site to Aβ Asp1 contributes to Alzheimer pathogenesis
Authors: Deng Yu , Wang Zhe , Wang Ruitao , Zhang Xiaozhu , Zhang Shuting , Wu Yili , Staufenbiel Matthias , Cai Fang , Song Weihong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCleavage of amyloid‐β precursor protein (APP) at the Asp1 β‐secretase site of the amyloid‐β protein (Aβ) domain by β‐site Aβ precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is required for the generation of Aβ, a central component of neuritic plaques in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. In this study, we found that Aβ Glu11 is the major β‐secretase site for cleavage of APP by BACE1 to generate soluble secreted APP (sAPPβ)606 and the C‐terminal membrane‐bound fragment (CTF)β product C89. Cleavage of C89 by γ‐secretase resulted in truncated Aβ generation in a non‐amyloidogenic pathway. A familial AD‐associated Swedish APP mutation adjacent to Aβ Asp1 shifted the major APP β‐secretase cleavage site from Aβ Glu11 to Asp1, resulting in significant increases in sAPPβ596 and CTFβ C99 generation and the C99/89 ratio, in turn leading to increased Aβ production in cultured cells in vitro and transgenic AD model mouse brains in vivo. Furthermore, increased BACE1 expression facilitated APP being processed by the β‐secretase processing pathway rather than the α‐secretase pathway, leading to more Aβ production. Our results suggest that potentiating BACE1 cleavage of APP at both the Asp1 and Glu11 sites, or shifting the cleavage from the Glu11 site to the Asp1 site, could result in increased Aβ production and facilitate neuritic plaque formation. Our study provides new insights into how alteration of BACE1 expression and β‐secretase cleavage site selection could contribute to Alzheimer pathogenesis and the pharmaceutical potential of modulating BACE1 expression and its cleavage site selection.
A ‘danse macabre’: tau and Fyn in STEP with amyloid beta to facilitate induction of synaptic depression and excitotoxicity
Authors: Boehm Jannic 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlzheimer's disease, with its two most prominent pathological factors amyloid beta and tau protein, can be described as a disease of the synapse. It therefore comes as little surprise that NMDA receptor‐related synaptic dysfunction had been thought for several years to underlie the synaptic pathophysiology seen in Alzheimer's disease. In this review I will summarise recent evidence showing that the NMDA receptor links the effects of extracellular amyloid beta with intracellular tau protein. Furthermore, the antagonistic roles of Fyn and STEP in NMDA receptor regulation, synaptic plasticity and induction of synaptic depression will be discussed.
Automatic detection of primary motor areas using diffusion MRI tractography: Comparison with functional MRI and electrical stimulation mapping
Authors: Jeong Jeong‐Won , Asano Eishi , Brown Erik C. , Tiwari Vijay N. , Chugani Diane C. , Chugani Harry T. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPurposeAs an alternative tool to identify cortical motor areas for planning surgical resection in children with focal epilepsy, the present study proposed a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) classification of corticospinal tract (CST) visualized by diffusion MR tractography.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was performed in 17 normally developing children and 20 children with focal epilepsy. An independent component analysis tractography combined with ball–stick model was performed to identify unique CST pathways originating from mouth/lip, finger, and leg areas determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy children and electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) in children with epilepsy. Group analyses were performed to construct stereotaxic probability maps of primary motor pathways connecting precentral gyrus and posterior limb of internal capsule, and then utilized to design a novel MAP classifier that can sort individual CST fibers associated with three classes of interest: mouth/lip, fingers, and leg. A systematic leave‐one‐out approach was applied to train an optimal classifier. A match was considered to occur if classified fibers contacted or surrounded true areas localized by fMRI and ESM.Key FindingsIt was found that the DWI‐MAP provided high accuracy for the CST fibers terminating in proximity to the localization of fMRI/ESM: 78%/77% for mouth/lip, 77%/76% for fingers, 78%/86% for leg (contact), and 93%/89% for mouth/lip, 91%/89% for fingers, and 92%/88% for leg (surrounded within 2 cm).SignificanceThis study provides preliminary evidence that in the absence of fMRI and ESM data, the DWI‐MAP approach can effectively retrieve the locations of cortical motor areas and underlying CST courses for planning epilepsy surgery.
Call Variation in Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor) in a Distress Context: Potential Sex Differences
Authors: Freeberg Todd M. , Branch Carrie L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTufted titmice, Baeolophus bicolor, produce calls in the contexts related to threat and approach of, and capture by, a predator. In titmice, these calls transition from the chick‐a‐dee call, used in a wide range of social contexts, to ‘distress’ calls that are produced by birds when captured and held by a predator or human observer. A recent study indicated that titmice modify the note composition of their calls in the presence of such threatening stimuli. Here, we tested whether female and male titmice differed in their calling behavior, as relatively few sex differences have been documented in calls shared by female and male songbirds. Individual titmice were captured in walk‐in treadle traps, and we gradually increased the level of fear or arousal by approaching and finally capturing the bird in the hand. Male titmice produced more chick‐a‐dee calls than females as the level of threat increased, up to the point of capturing the bird in the hand. Furthermore, the note composition of calls produced by males differed from that of calls produced by females. A limitation to our study is that our method did not allow us to rule out the possibility that size or dominance differences, rather than sex, were the main reason for the differences in calling we detected. However, increased size generally was not associated with increased calling. We discuss some possible explanations for variation in distress calling behavior in titmice.
Pore‐scale multiphase flow experiments in bead packs of variable wettability
Authors: Celauro J. G. , Torrealba V. A. , Karpyn Z. T. , Klise K. A. , McKenna S. A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this experimental study is to investigate the impact of wetting characteristics on multiphase flow, sweep efficiency, and residual fluid distribution in unconsolidated porous media. A sequence of oil and water injections was performed on bead packs with uniform porosity and permeability, but different wettability characteristics. Uniform and mixed‐wet bead packs with varying degree of wettability were fabricated to analyze how the residual saturation profiles and the distribution of fluid phases at the pore scale respond to changes in wettability. X‐ray microtomography was used to visualize and analyze the fluid distribution in each bead pack at the end of oil and brine injection. It was found that sweep efficiency was high for the uniform, strongly wetting glass bead pack. For the intermediate‐wet plastic bead pack, we observed evidence of viscous fingering resulting in degenerating sweep efficiency after water injection. In media with mixed wetting surfaces, the spatial distribution of wettability influenced the topology of the saturation profiles and resulted in larger quantities of disconnected fluid blobs. Results also showed that the average blob size was independent of the average residual saturation. In addition, the difference in saturation conditions preceding each injection affected sweep efficiency. The residual saturation after the 1st displacement was higher than the residual saturation after the 2nd displacement.
Malignant potential of small oncocytic follicular carcinoma/Hürthle cell carcinoma: an institutional experience
Authors: Samulski Teresa Danielle , Bai Shuting , LiVolsi Virginia A , Montone Kathleen , Baloch Zubair 
Published: June 2013

AimsOncocytic follicular carcinoma/Hürthle cell carcinoma (OFCA/HCCA) is a rare tumour of the thyroid gland that can be associated with an aggressive clinical course. Most OFCA/HCCAs are large; however, tumours ≤20 mm can occur. The aim of this study was to report our experience with OFCA/HCCA diagnosed at our institution.Methods and resultsOne hundred and nineteen cases of OFCA/HCCA were included in this study. Data points included age, sex, size of tumour, method of diagnosis, lymph node (LN) status, and clinical follow‐up. The cohort included 37 males and 82 females (average age: 55 years). Preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in 73 (61%) cases. Twenty‐five (21%) tumours measured ≤20 mm and 94 (79%) measured >20 mm. Angioinvasion (AI) was present in 48 (40%) cases, and LN metastases (LNMs) in seven (6%) cases; of these, eight (17%) with AI and 1 (2%) with LNMs measured ≤20 mm. Clinical follow‐up was available in 74 (62%) cases (range 12–144 months); 13 (17.5%) developed LNMs and six (8%) regional recurrence. Distant metastases (DMs) were seen in 12 (16%) cases. Two cases with DMs and two with LN recurrence measured ≤20 mm.ConclusionsOncocytic follicular carcinoma/Hürthle cell carcinoma (OFCA/HCCA) can present as small (≤20 mm) tumours, and can be associated with AI, LNM, and DM.