bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) and Id3 proteins play different roles in TGFβ effects on cell proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Strong Nicole , Millena Ana C. , Walker Lindsey , Chaudhary Jaideep , Khan Shafiq A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn prostate cancer cells, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibits proliferation in earlier stages of the disease; however, the cancer cells become refractory to growth inhibitory effects in advanced stages where TGFβ promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) family of closely related proteins (Id1–Id4) are dominant negative regulators and basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors and in general promote proliferation, and inhibit differentiation. In the present study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id3 proteins in the growth inhibitory effects of TGFβ on prostate cancer cells.METHODSThe effect of TGF β on proliferation and Id1 and Id3 expression were investigated in PZ‐HPV7, DU145, and PC3 cells. Id1 silencing through siRNA was also used in DU145 and PC3 cells to examine its role in anti‐proliferative and migratory effects of TGFβ.RESULTSTGFβ increased expression of Id1 and Id3 in all cell lines followed by a later down regulation of Id1 in PZ‐HPV7 expression and DU145 cells but not in PC3 cells. Id3 expression remained elevated in all three cell lines. This loss of Id1 protein correlated with an increase of CDKNI p21. Id1 knockdown in both DU145 and PC3 cells resulted in decreased proliferation. However, while TGFβ caused a further decrease in proliferation of DU145, but had no further effects in PC3 cells. Knockdown of Id1 or Id3 inhibited TGFβ1induced migration in PC3 cells.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest an essential role of Id1 and Id3 in TGFβ1 effects on proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 73: 624–633, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A numerical study of rotating convection during tropical cyclogenesis
Authors: Kilroy Gerard , Smith Roger K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present idealized numerical model experiments to investigate the convective generation of vertical vorticity in a tropical depression. The ambient vertical vorticity is represented by a uniform solid‐body rotation. The calculations are motivated by observations made during the Pre‐Depression Investigation of Cloud‐systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) experiment. A specific aim is to isolate and quantify the effects of low‐ to mid‐level dry air on convective cells that form within a depression and, in particular, on the generation of vertical vorticity in these cells. The results do not support a common perception that dry air aloft produces stronger convective downdraughts and more intense, cold‐air outflows therefrom. Indeed, we find that dry air aloft weakens both updraughts and downdraughts, corroborating the recent results of James and Markowski.As in the recent calculations of Wissmeier and Smith, the growing convective cells locally amplify the ambient rotation at low levels by more than an order of magnitude and this vorticity, which is produced by the stretching of existing ambient vorticity, persists long after the initial updraught has decayed. Moreover, significant amplification of vorticity occurs even for clouds of only moderate vertical extent. The maximum amplification of vorticity is relatively insensitive to the maximum updraught strength, or the height at which it occurs, and it is not unduly affected by the presence of dry air aloft. Thus the presence of dry air is not detrimental to the amplification of low‐level vorticity, although it reduces the depth through which ambient vorticity is enhanced.Results for a limited number of different environmental soundings indicate that the maximum amplification of vorticity increases monotonically with the strength of the thermal perturbation that initiates the convection, but the amount of increase depends also on the thermodynamic structure of the sounding.
Assume–guarantee verification of nonlinear hybrid systems with Ariadne
Authors: Benvenuti Luca , Bresolin Davide , Collins Pieter , Ferrari Alberto , Geretti Luca , Villa Tiziano 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn many applicative fields, there is the need to model and design complex systems having a mixed discrete and continuous behavior that cannot be characterized faithfully using either discrete or continuous models only. Such systems consist of a discrete control part that operates in a continuous environment and are named hybrid systems because of their mixed nature. Unfortunately, most of the verification problems for hybrid systems, like reachability analysis, turn out to be undecidable. Because of this, many approximation techniques and tools to estimate the reachable set have been proposed in the literature. However, most of the tools are unable to handle nonlinear dynamics and constraints and have restrictive licenses. To overcome these limitations, we recently proposed an open‐source framework for hybrid system verification, called Ariadne, which exploits approximation techniques based on the theory of computable analysis for implementing formal verification algorithms. In this paper, we will show how the approximation capabilities of Ariadne can be used to verify complex hybrid systems, adopting an assume–guarantee reasoning approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verifiable symmetric polynomial‐based key distribution schemes
Authors: Liu Yan‐xiao , Zhang Yu‐qing , Harn Lein , Hu Yu‐pu 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTSymmetric polynomial‐based key distribution scheme has been widely adopted in various communication applications. This type of key distribution consists of a server and a set of users, where the server is responsible to distribute shares for each user via a symmetric polynomial. Based on the property of symmetry of this polynomial, each pair of users can compute a common secret key using their shares for establishing a secure communication channel. However, some users may receive faulty shares from the server because of some uncertain factors in the communication environment, such as software failures and transmission errors. As a result, the users who receive faulty shares cannot share common secret keys with other users. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose two individual verifiable key distribution schemes on the basis of a symmetric polynomial based key distribution. In both our proposed schemes, the server adopts the same approach to distribute shares for users; the users are able to verify the validity of their shares without revealing them before establishing communication channels. If all shares are verified valid, users can ensure that each pair of them possesses a common secret key, they can establish secure communication channels when needed; otherwise, all users can collaborate to identify those users who possess faulty shares and require the server to distribute a set of valid shares for those users. Furthermore, both our proposed schemes are efficient, because the procedures of verification and identification do not involve any complicated cryptographic operation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk and residency influences on public support for florida panther recovery
Authors: Langin Cynthia , Jacobson Susan K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHuman expansion into core habitat of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) increasingly threatens this endangered carnivore. To understand the social dimensions of the influence of humans' proximity to risk from panthers on public support for panther recovery, a telephone survey was conducted in March 2007 on a random sample of 802 Florida, USA, residents stratified by 1) location in core Florida panther habitat in Southwest Florida or noncore potential translocation sites in South Central Florida, and 2) rural or urban residence. Respondents reported a moderate intention to support panther recovery. Few attitudinal differences were found between urban versus rural and core versus noncore residents. However, core urban residents scored higher on a knowledge index than did rural residents. Regression analysis of behavioral intentions to support panther recovery identified management preferences, perceptions, subjective norm, knowledge, duration of Florida residence, and level of interest in wildlife as predictors. The resulting model (R2 = 0.42) is effective for predicting support and providing insight into the characteristics associated with willingness to support panther recovery. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Recent trends and strategies for state nongame checkoff funding in the United States
Authors: Kendrick Melissa M. , May Linda M. , Warren Robert J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGrowing stakeholder expectations along with decreased traditional funding have prompted state fish and wildlife agencies throughout the United States to develop alternative mechanisms to fund nongame programs. During March–May 2010, we collected responses from 42 state natural‐resource agencies to assess characteristics of nongame checkoff initiatives, evaluate recent levels of funding procured, and identify marketing efforts used during fiscal years 2004–2008. We found that 32 of the respondent states used tax checkoffs to secure nongame funding, and that the total donations they received exceeded US $7 million/year. Annual nongame checkoff contributions declined from 2004 to 2008. Reported levels of nongame checkoff funding varied among states, ranging from about US $20,000 to >US$ million in annual donations. Number of tax checkoffs per state ranged from 1 to 27, but we found no evidence of a significant relationship between the number of checkoffs in a state and nongame funding procured. Additionally, we failed to observe a correlation between nongame checkoff funding and per capita income or population density among states during 2008, but we did find a positive correlation between nongame checkoff funding and state population size during 2008 (R27 = 0.54; P = 0.002). The most widely used marketing approaches reported by states were Internet and print advertising, press releases, tax outlets, and television or radio advertising. States that included nongame checkoff logos on their income tax forms received greater average donations (US $400,877/yr) than did states that did not list logos (US $194,919/yr). We developed a list of funding recommendations for states to consider for enhancing nongame funding. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The learning curve in laparoscopic major liver resection
Authors: Kluger Michael D. , Vigano Luca , Barroso Ryan , Cherqui Daniel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLaparoscopic major hepatectomy remains a relatively rare operation because it is a difficult and technically demanding procedure, and a standard, safe, reproducible technique has not been widely adopted. This is compounded by “major hepatectomy” encompassing multiple different operations each with their own anatomic and procedural considerations. In 2010, we investigated our learning curve for laparoscopic liver resection. We found a significant increase in the number of major hepatectomies performed over a 12‐year period, with concurrent reductions in the use of hand‐assistance, pedicle clamping, median clamping time, median operative time, blood loss and morbidity. This learning curve was confirmed by a subsequent multinational study. Both hospital and surgeon volume have been shown to affect outcomes, and defining a sufficient number of repetitions before the learning curve plateaus is not easy for laparoscopic major hepatectomy. We recommend that laparoscopic competencies be developed upon a foundation of open liver surgery and that laparoscopic major hepatectomy should only be attempted after competency with less technically complex laparoscopic resections. A center advanced along its institutional learning curve provides the collective expertise necessary for safe patient selection and management. An environment with colleagues willing to share their acquired proficiency allows the surgeon to observe and critique his or her performance against colleagues. Also, the guidance of like‐minded surgeons supports technical development and improved outcomes. In conclusion, steady progress can be made along the learning curve through committed practice of increasingly complex tasks and with proper coaching in a high‐volume environment.
Are Psychology University Student Gamblers Representative of Non-university Students and General Gamblers? A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M. , Russell Alex , Blaszczynski Alex 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Students recruited from psychology undergraduate university populations are commonly used in psychology research, including gambling studies. However, the extent to which the use of this subpopulation produces findings that can be extrapolated to other groups is questionable. The present study was designed to compare results from university-recruited psychology student gamblers to those obtained from a sample of gamblers recruited from the general population that also included students. An online survey measuring gambling behavior and Internet gambling, attitudes and knowledge about gambling and problem gambling severity was posted on websites accessed by gamblers. Participants were recruited from two sources, a psychology undergraduate university population (n = 461) and online websites (n = 4,801). Results showed university-recruited students differed significantly from both adults and students recruited from the general population in respect to demographic variables and gambling behavior. Psychology undergraduate students were younger, more likely to be female, and had lower incomes. When relevant demographic variables were controlled, psychology undergraduate students were found to gamble less frequently, at different times, and to be at lower-risk for gambling-related problems, but had more irrational beliefs and more negative attitudes towards gambling than gamblers recruited from the general population. Results suggest that caution should be used in extrapolating findings from research using university-recruited psychology student gamblers to wide community populations due to differences related to gambling thoughts, attitudes and behaviors.
A new ‘inquisition’? Police reform, urban transparency and house numbering in eighteenth-century Geneva
Authors: CICCHINI MARCO 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT:As an administrative tool of police reform, the introduction of house numbering in eighteenth-century Geneva was the result of a broad desire for urban transparency that resulted in the production of a new ‘regime of visibility’. This article examines how the logic of ‘number’ transformed the way in which urban space was conceived, organized and governed. As a political technology, the spatial practice of house numbering enabled governmental officials to divide, count, identify and classify urban populations in order to regulate the spaces of circulation in the modern city. Although the city's house-numbering system is taken for granted by most of the town-dwellers today, the current study illustrates how these police techniques encountered considerable resistance when they were initially imposed during the latter half of the eighteenth century.
Mantle flow uplift of western Anatolia and the Aegean: Interpretations from geophysical analyses and geodynamic modeling
Authors: Komut Tolga , Gray Robert , Pysklywec Russell , Göğüş Oğuz H. 
Published: October 2012

The Western Anatolian and Aegean region demonstrates a complex geologic history of horizontal and vertical tectonics. Active normal faulting and exhumation zones indicate that Western Anatolia has experienced significant extension since the Oligocene‐Early Miocene (∼30 Ma). Our geophysical analyses demonstrate that the region is also uplifted relative to an elevation that would be expected given an isostatic response to the lithosphere structure. Namely, topography “residuals” indicate a residual uplift of about 1500 m over ∼200 km sections of Western Anatolia and the Aegean. Admittance functions between free‐air gravity and topography indicate that the regional topography is isostatically uncompensated and as it approaches ∼50 mGal/km at the longest wavelengths, the uncompensated topography is likely owing to an underlying mantle flow component. Using forward geodynamic modelling we consider an idealized section of Western Anatolian lithosphere based on tomographic inversions and examine the magnitude and pattern of surface topography to reconcile with the geophysical observables. The models consistently show a plateau‐type uplift (and horizontal extension) through Western Anatolia with an amplitude and wavelength consistent with the residual topography calculations. Together, the geophysical analyses and modelling provide independent quantitative evidence that the thin Anatolian‐Aegean lithosphere is being buoyed upwards by underlying mantle flow. The mantle flow may be associated with active lithosphere delamination beneath the region; a process that would also explain the ongoing crustal extension.
Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California
Authors: Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , Holloway J. S. , Trainer M. , Andrews A. E. , Atlas E. L. , Blake D. R. , Daube B. C. , Dlugokencky E. J. , Fischer M. L. , Goldstein A. H. , Guha A. , Karl T. , Kofler J. , Kosciuch E. , Misztal P. K. , Perring A. E. , Pollack I. B. , Santoni G. W. , Schwarz J. P. , Spackman J. R. , Wofsy S. C. , Parrish D. D. 
Published: October 2012

Airborne measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were taken over the rice growing region of California's Sacramento Valley in the late spring of 2010 and 2011. From these and ancillary measurements, we show that CH4 mixing ratios were higher in the planetary boundary layer above the Sacramento Valley during the rice growing season than they were before it, which we attribute to emissions from rice paddies. We derive daytime emission fluxes of CH4 between 0.6 and 2.0% of the CO2 taken up by photosynthesis on a per carbon, or mole to mole, basis. We also use a mixing model to determine an average CH4/CO2 flux ratio of −0.6% for one day early in the growing season of 2010. We conclude the CH4/CO2 flux ratio estimates from a single rice field in a previous study are representative of rice fields in the Sacramento Valley. If generally true, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) greenhouse gas inventory emission rate of 2.7 × 1010 g CH4/yr is approximately three times lower than the range of probable CH4 emissions (7.8–9.3 × 1010 g CH4/yr) from rice cultivation derived in this study. We attribute this difference to decreased burning of the residual rice crop since 1991, which leads to an increase in CH4 emissions from rice paddies in succeeding years, but which is not accounted for in the CARB inventory.
Fungal community on decomposing leaf litter undergoes rapid successional changes
Authors: Voříšková Jana , Baldrian Petr 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Fungi are considered the primary decomposers of dead plant biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. However, current knowledge regarding the successive changes in fungal communities during litter decomposition is limited. Here we explored the development of the fungal community over 24 months of litter decomposition in a temperate forest with dominant Quercus petraea using 454-pyrosequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and cellobiohydrolase I (cbhI) genes, which encode exocellulases, to specifically address cellulose decomposers. To quantify the involvement of phyllosphere fungi in litter decomposition, the fungal communities in live leaves and leaves immediately before abscission were also analysed. The results showed rapid succession of fungi with dramatic changes in the composition of the fungal community. Furthermore, most of the abundant taxa only temporarily dominated in the substrate. Fungal diversity was lowest at leaf senescence, increased until month 4 and did not significantly change during subsequent decomposition. Highly diverse community of phyllosphere fungi inhabits live oak leaves 2 months before abscission, and these phyllosphere taxa comprise a significant share of the fungal community during early decomposition up to the fourth month. Sequences assigned to the Ascomycota showed highest relative abundances in live leaves and during the early stages of decomposition. In contrast, the relative abundance of sequences assigned to the Basidiomycota phylum, particularly basidiomycetous yeasts, increased with time. Although cellulose was available in the litter during all stages of decomposition, the community of cellulolytic fungi changed substantially over time. The results indicate that litter decomposition is a highly complex process mediated by various fungal taxa.
A decade of seasonal dynamics and co-occurrences within freshwater bacterioplankton communities from eutrophic Lake Mendota, WI, USA
Authors: Kara Emily L , Hanson Paul C , Hu Yu Hen , Winslow Luke , McMahon Katherine D 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
With an unprecedented decade-long time series from a temperate eutrophic lake, we analyzed bacterial and environmental co-occurrence networks to gain insight into seasonal dynamics at the community level. We found that (1) bacterial co-occurrence networks were non-random, (2) season explained the network complexity and (3) co-occurrence network complexity was negatively correlated with the underlying community diversity across different seasons. Network complexity was not related to the variance of associated environmental factors. Temperature and productivity may drive changes in diversity across seasons in temperate aquatic systems, much as they control diversity across latitude. While the implications of bacterioplankton network structure on ecosystem function are still largely unknown, network analysis, in conjunction with traditional multivariate techniques, continues to increase our understanding of bacterioplankton temporal dynamics.