bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida Esophagitis in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Positive Elite Controller With Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhosis
Authors: Chen Anders , Shieh Eugenie , Brinkley Sherilyn , Blankson Joel N. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We describe a case of Candida esophagitis in a human immunodeficiency virus elite controller with a preserved CD4 count, a population in which opportunistic infections are almost never seen. The patient has hepatitis C virus coinfection and compensated cirrhosis, suggesting a possible multifactorial etiology of immune dysregulation.
VLBI observations of H2O maser annual parallax and proper motion in IRAS 20143+3634: Reflection on the Galactic constants
Authors: Burns Ross A. , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Handa Toshihiro , Omodaka Toshihiro , Nagayama Takumi , Nakagawa Akiharu , Hayashi Masahiko , Kamezaki Tatsuya , Chibueze James O. , Shizugami Makoto , Nakano Makoto 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We report the results of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of H2O masers in the IRAS 20143+3634 star-forming region (SFR) using VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). By tracking masers for a period of over two years we measured a trigonometric parallax of π = 0.367 ± 0.037 mas, corresponding to a source distance of $D = 2.72 ^{+0.31}_{-0.25}$ kpc and placing it in the Local spiral arm. Our trigonometric distance is just 60% of the previous estimation based on radial velocity, significantly impacting the astrophysics of the source. We measured proper motions of −2.99 ± 0.16 mas yr−1 and −4.37 ± 0.43 mas yr−1 in RA and Dec, respectively, which were used to estimate the peculiar motion of the source as (Us, Vs, Ws) = (−0.9 ± 2.9, −8.5 ± 1.6, +8.0 ± 4.3) km s−1 for R0 = 8 kpc and Θ0 = 221 km s−1, and (Us, Vs, Ws) = (−1.0 ± 2.9, −9.3 ± 1.5, +8.0 ± 4.3) km s−1 for R0 = 8.5 kpc and Θ0 = 235 km s−1. IRAS 20143+3634 was found to be located near the tangent point in the Cygnus direction. Using our observations we derived the angular velocity of Galactic rotation of the local standard of rest (LSR), Ω0 = 27.3 ± 1.6 km s−1 kpc−1, which is consistent with previous values derived using VLBI astrometry of SFRs at the tangent points and Solar circle. It is higher than the value recommended by the International Astronomical Union of Ω0 = 25.9 km s−1 kpc−1 which was calculated using the Galactocentric distance of the Sun and circular velocity of the LSR.
Characterizing the Epidemiology of Postoperative Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Clifford Leanne , Jia Qing , Subramanian Arun , Yadav Hemang , Wilson Gregory A. , Murphy Sean P. , Pathak Jyotishman , Schroeder Darrell R. , Kor Daryl J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background:
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related death in the United States; however, it remains poorly characterized in surgical populations. To better inform perioperative transfusion practice, and to help mitigate perioperative TRALI, the authors aimed to better define its epidemiology before and after TRALI mitigation strategies were introduced.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study examined outcomes of adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia who received intraoperative transfusions during 2004 (n = 1,817) and 2011 (n = 1,562). The demographics and clinical characteristics of transfusion recipients, blood transfusion descriptors, and combined TRALI/possible TRALI incidence rates were evaluated. Univariate analyses were used to compare associations between patient characteristics, transfusion details, and TRALI mitigation strategies with TRALI/possible TRALI incidence rates in a before-and-after study design.

Results:
The incidence of TRALI/possible TRALI was 1.3% (23 of 1,613) in 2004 versus 1.4% (22 of 1,562) in 2011 (P = 0.72), with comparable overall rates in males versus females (1.4% [23 of 1,613] vs. 1.2% [22 of 1,766]) (P = 0.65). Overall, thoracic (3.0% [4 of 133]), vascular (2.7% [10 of 375]), and transplant surgeries (2.2% [4 of 178]) carried the highest rates of TRALI/possible TRALI. Obstetric and gynecologic surgical patients had no TRALI episodes. TRALI/possible TRALI incidence increased with larger volumes of blood product transfused (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Perioperative TRALI/possible TRALI is more common than previously reported and its risk increases with greater volumes of blood component therapies. No significant reduction in the combined incidence of TRALI/possible TRALI occurred between 2004 and 2011, despite the introduction of TRALI mitigation strategies. Future efforts to identify specific risk factors for TRALI/possible TRALI in surgical populations may reduce the burden of this life-threatening complication.
RHON1 Mediates a Rho-Like Activity for Transcription Termination in Plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chi Wei , He Baoye , Manavski Nikolay , Mao Juan , Ji Daili , Lu Congming , Rochaix Jean David , Meurer Jörg , Zhang Lixin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Although transcription termination is essential to generate functional RNAs, its underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood in plastids of vascular plants. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein RHON1 participates in transcriptional termination of rbcL (encoding large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Inactivation of RHON1 leads to enhanced rbcL read-through transcription and to aberrant accD (encoding β-subunit of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase) transcriptional initiation, which may result from inefficient transcription termination of rbcL. RHON1 can bind to the mRNA as well as to single-stranded DNA of rbcL, displays an RNA-dependent ATPase activity, and terminates transcription of rbcL in vitro. These results suggest that RHON1 terminates rbcL transcription using an ATP-driven mechanism similar to that of Rho of Escherichia coli. This RHON1-dependent transcription termination occurs in Arabidopsis but not in rice (Oryza sativa) and appears to reflect a fundamental difference between plastomes of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. Our results point to the importance and significance of plastid transcription termination and provide insights into its machinery in an evolutionary context.
Evaluating the interaction of faecal pellet deposition rates andDNAdegradation rates to optimize sampling design forDNA‐based mark–recapture analysis of Sonoran pronghorn
Authors: Woodruff S. P. , Johnson T. R. , Waits L. P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractKnowledge of population demographics is important for species management but can be challenging in low‐density, wide‐ranging species. Population monitoring of the endangered Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) is critical for assessing the success of recovery efforts, and noninvasiveDNAsampling (NDS) could be more cost‐effective and less intrusive than traditional methods. We evaluated faecal pellet deposition rates and faecalDNAdegradation rates to maximize sampling efficiency forDNA‐based mark–recapture analyses. Deposition data were collected at five watering holes using sampling intervals of 1–7 days and averaged one pellet pile per pronghorn per day. To evaluate nuclearDNA(nDNA) degradation, 20 faecal samples were exposed to local environmental conditions and sampled at eight time points from one to 124 days. Average amplification success rates for sixnDNAmicrosatellite loci were 81% for samples on day one, 63% by day seven, 2% by day 14 and 0% by day 60. We evaluated the efficiency of different sampling intervals (1–10 days) by estimating the number of successful samples, success rate of individual identification and laboratory costs per successful sample. Cost per successful sample increased and success and efficiency declined as the sampling interval increased. Results indicateNDSof faecal pellets is a feasible method for individual identification, population estimation and demographic monitoring of Sonoran pronghorn. We recommend collecting samples >7 days old and estimate that a sampling interval of 4–7 days in summer conditions (i.e. extreme heat and exposure toUVlight) will achieve desired sample sizes for mark–recapture analysis while also maximizing efficiency.
Depletion of marine megafauna and shifting baselines among artisanal fishers in eastern Brazil
Authors: Giglio V. J. , Luiz O. J. , Gerhardinger L. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIncreasing exploitation effort and efficiency have been leading to population declines and extinctions among large marine animals. Understanding the magnitude of such losses is challenging because current baselines about species' abundances and distributions in the sea were mostly established after humans had started affecting marine populations. For artisanal fisheries, from which written historical records are rarely, if ever, available, approaches based on gathering anecdotal information from fishers' knowledge are a promising method to know the past environmental conditions. We interviewed coastal artisanal fishers, with ages varying from 15 to 85 years, to detect temporal changes in the catch abundance of large fish species, particularly the largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis and the goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara within Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Most fishers considered that fishing has led to species depletion. However, older fishers reported significantly more species and larger species as depleted than young fishers. Older fishers caught significantly larger largetooth sawfish and goliath grouper in the past than younger fishers. The largetooth sawfish has not been caught or sought for more than 10 years. Probabilistic tests provided no definitive evidence for local extinction, although the past record of sightings indicates a population decline close to the threshold level for extinction probability. We provide evidence that small‐scale artisanal fisheries can decimate the abundance of large coastal fishes, one of those almost close to local extinction. Finally, our results suggest that the younger generation is not aware of past ecological conditions, indicating the occurrence of a shifting baseline syndrome among the fishing community.
Study of accuracy of colposcopy in VIA and HPV detection‐based cervical cancer screening program
Authors: Ghosh Ishita , Mittal Srabani , Banerjee Dipanwita , Singh Priyanka , Dasgupta Sujoy , Chatterjee Simi , Biswas Jaydip , Panda Chinmay , Basu Partha 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThis population‐based study was conducted to evaluate the performance of colposcopy to assess women with positive visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) tests.Materials and MethodsA total of 30 773 women were screened by VIA and oncogenic HPV test. Hybrid capture 2 was used for oncogenic HPV detection. All VIA‐ and/or HPV‐positive women and 8.7% test‐negative women had the colposcopy. International Federation of Cervical Pathology & Colposcopy (IFCPC) 2011 nomenclature was used for colposcopic classification of abnormalities. All women with grade 1 or worse lesions had punch biopsies. Biopsies were also obtained from HPV‐positive women with normal colposcopy.ResultsColposcopy and satisfactory biopsy reports were available for total 2466 women. The overall strength of agreement between colposcopy and histologic classification of cervical neoplasias was poor (kappa = 0.17). Agreement was better when colposcopy was performed on HPV‐positive women compared to VIA‐positive women. Sensitivity of colposcopy to detect high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) at referral threshold of grade 1 abnormality was 84.8% after correction of verification bias. Colposcopy was most inaccurate in identifying non‐neoplastic conditions often encountered in VIA‐ and/or HPV‐positive women. In 68.8% women with normal histology, colposcopic impression was grade 1 and above. Overestimation of disease severity on colposcopy was more common in VIA‐positive women. Colposcopy also underestimated severity of disease in 52.6% of women with HSIL diagnosis on biopsy.ConclusionsColposcopy performed well in the overall detection of cervical neoplasias, though its capability for accurate categorisation of degree of abnormality was poor.
The influences of weaning age and weight on carcass traits and meat quality of pigs
Authors: KO Kyung Bo , Kim Gap‐Don , Kang Dong‐Geun , Kim Yeong‐Hwa , Yang Ik‐Dong , Ryu Youn‐Chul 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the effects of weaning age and weight on pigs, and their interaction with carcass traits and meat quality. A total of 468 piglets were obtained from 57 sows and four boars and grouped by age at weaning (D21, 18–24 days; D28, 25–32 days). Each weaning group was subdivided into three weight groups (L, M and H) according to weaning weight. The D28 group had heavier carcass weight, redness and yellowness, but had lower marbling scores and less drip loss than the D21 group (P < 0.05). The pigs with a light weight at weaning had higher carcass weights and lower yellowness than did pigs with a medium or heavy weight at weaning (P < 0.05). Weaning age was found to have a negative correlation with drip loss, while weaning weight was negatively correlated with carcass weight and drip loss (P < 0.05). We concluded that carcass and meat quality traits in pigs were significantly related to their age and weight at weaning. Therefore, we find that piglet weaning age and weight are no less important than post‐weaning growth performance and behavior, with regard to carcass traits and meat quality.
Production of Ban miniature pig embryos by in vitro fertilization: A comparative study with Landrace
Authors: Nguyen Bui Xuan , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Uoc Nguyen Thi , Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Quang , Linh Nguyen Viet , Men Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Trung Thanh , Nagai Takashi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBan is an endangered miniature pig breed in Vietnam. This study aimed to set up an in vitro embryo production (IVP) system for this breed. Ban's epididymal sperm concentration (1240 ± 35 × 106/mL) was lower (P < 0.01) compared with Landrace (4160 ± 42 × 106/mL). However, sperm characteristics before and after freezing in Ban and Landrace were similar. The numbers of follicles with diameter larger than 2 mm per ovary in Ban females treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (27.1 ± 1.3) were higher (P < 0.05) than those in Landrace (12.9 ± 2.0) and in non‐hormone stimulated Ban (no > 2 mm follicles). After in vitro maturation, the percentages of oocytes with expanded cumulus cells and the first polar body (matured oocytes) were not different among Ban, hormone‐stimulated Ban and Landrace. The percentages of two‐cell embryos and morulae derived from oocytes collected from three sources did not differ. However, the rate of blastocysts derived from oocytes in non‐stimulated Ban (4.0 ± 3.8%) was lower (P < 0.05) than that in Landrace (15.3 ± 1.8%). In conclusion, an effective IVP system for good quality embryos in Ban, that is essential for genetic conservation of this breed, was established.
Effects of dietary supplementation of modified zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding and fecal score in weanling pigs
Authors: Cho Jin Ho , Upadhaya Santi Devi , Kim In Ho 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOne hundred and forty piglets ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 21 day of age) with an initial weight of 6.50 ± 0.71 kg, were randomly allotted into four treatments to determine the effects of a modified form of zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding and fecal score in weanling pigs. Dietary treatments were: (i) NC, negative control, basal diet containing zinc (Zn) from the premix; (ii) PC, positive control, basal diet containing Zn‐free premix + 3000 ppm ZnO; (iii) H1, basal diet containing Zn‐free premix + 3000 ppm ZnO (phase 1, days 1 to 14)/200 ppm modified ZnO (phase 2, days 15 to 42); (iv) H2, basal diet containing Zn‐free premix + 300 ppm modified ZnO (phase 1)/200 ppm modified ZnO (phase 2). During days 1 to 14, average daily gains (ADG) were higher (P = 0.04) in PC, H1 and H2 groups than that in NC group. Overall, H1 treatment increased the ADG compared with NC (P = 0.05). On day 14, the alkaline phosphatase and plasma Zn concentration were increased (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) in PC, H1 and H2 treatments compared with NC treatment. On days 14 and 42, the fecal Lactobacillus counts in NC group were lowest (P = 0.01, P = 0.04 respectively) among treatments. All supplemented groups showed lower (P = 0.03) fecal score than NC treatment on days 21 and 28. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with modified ZnO increased growth rates and reduced fecal scores in weanling pig. Modified ZnO could be used as a substitute to ZnO as a growth promoter and reduce Zn excretion to the environment because of the lower dosage. [Correction added on 3 February 2015, after first online publication: the initial weight of ‘6.50 ± 1.11 kg’ has been replaced with ‘6.50 ± 0.71 kg’ in the abstract.]
Effects of anodic titanium dioxide nanotubes of different diameters on macrophage secretion and expression of cytokines and chemokines
Authors: Lü W. L. , Wang N. , Gao P. , Li C. Y. , Zhao H. S. , Zhang Z. T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate effects of TiO2nanotubes of different diameters on J744A.1 macrophage behaviour, secretion and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Materials and methodsMacrophage‐like J744A.1 cells were cultured on three types of Ti surface: mechanically polished titanium plus 30 and 80 nm TiO2nanotube surfaces, for 4, 24 and 48 h. Macrophage adhesion and proliferation were assessed usingCCK‐8 assay. Levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α,IL‐1β andIL‐6) and chemokines (MCP‐1 andMIP‐1α) secreted into the supernatant were measured using the Cytometric Bead Arrays kit.TNF‐α,MCP‐1andMIP‐1α gene expression were quantitatively analysed by real‐timePCR.ResultsThese show that TiO2nanotube surfaces, especially of 80 nm TiO2nanotube, benefited macrophage adhesion and proliferation, and reduced protein secretion andmRNAexpression of TNF‐α, MCP‐1 and MIP‐1α. IL‐1β and IL‐6 were undetectable on all the surfaces at all times.ConclusionsTiO2nanotube surfaces, especially of 80 nm TiO2nanotube, reduced inflammatory responsein vitro, which might be part of a basis for rapid osseointegration in implants with TiO2nanotube surfaces in animal studies.
Improvement of the trigger of a ventilator for non‐invasive ventilation in children: bench and clinical study
Authors: Khirani Sonia , Louis Bruno , Leroux Karl , Ramirez Adriana , Lofaso Frédéric , Fauroux Brigitte 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsEven though numerous ventilators are licensed for a use in children, very few have been specifically developed for this age range. Therefore, home ventilators may not be able to adequately synchronize with the child's respiratory effort, and the inspiratory triggers (ITs) of assist modes are not always appropriate for children. The aim of the study was to test the improvement of the IT of a ventilator on a pediatric bench and in pediatric patients.MethodsA classical IT (ITc) and an improved IT [non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) + IT] were tested on a bench with six pediatric profiles and in six young patients (mean age 14.1 ± 2.7 years old) requiring long‐term NIV.ResultsOn the bench, trigger time delays (ΔT) and trigger pressures (ΔP) were reduced with the NIV + IT as compared with the ITc (ΔT: 0.481 ± 0.332 vs 0.079 ± 0.022 s for ITc and NIV + IT, respectively, P = 0.027; ΔP: −1.40 ± 0.70 vs −0.42 ± 0.28 cmH2O for ITc and NIV + IT, respectively, P = 0.046). The clinical study confirmed the decrease in ΔT (0.267 ± 0.061 vs 0.178 ± 0.074 s for ITc and NIV + IT, respectively, P = 0.024) and ΔP (−0.68 ± 0.26 vs −0.39 ± 0.11 cmH2O for ITc and NIV + IT, respectively, P = 0.030).ConclusionsThe sensitivity of the IT of a ventilator can be improved for pediatric use. The improvements observed on the bench study were confirmed in pediatric patients.
Bronchoscopic bullectomy with a one‐way endobronchial valve to treat a giant bulla in an emphysematic lung: a case report
Authors: Hou Gang , Wang Wei , Wang Qiu‐yue , Kang Jian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe conventional treatment for giant bullae in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is surgical bullectomy, but it is not possible in some patients with poor lung function. Bronchoscopic bullectomy involving implantation of an endobronchial valve (EBV) has emerged as a potential alternative. Here we describe how EBV implantation in a bullous emphysema with a giant bulla in the right middle lobe led to elimination of the bulla and improvements in pulmonary function, 6‐min walking distance during the 1‐year follow‐up. Our case suggests that bronchoscopic bullectomy with an EBV can be a safe and effective alternative to surgical bullectomy.
Die frühzeitige Therapie der Purpura pigmentosa progressiva mit Rutosid und Ascorbinsäure ist hocheffektiv
Authors: Schober Sarah M. , Peitsch Wiebke K. , Bonsmann Gisela , Metze Dieter , Thomas Kai , Goerge Tobias , Luger Thomas A. , Schneider Stefan W. 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und Ziel der StudieDie Purpura pigmentosa progressiva (PPP, Morbus Schamberg) ist eine seltene gutartige chronische Dermatose, die häufig als Vaskulitis oder Gerinnungsstörung fehldiagnostiziert wird. Obwohl die betroffenen Patienten eine wesentliche Einschränkung ihrer Lebensqualität erfahren, gibt es bislang keine etablierte Therapie. Das Ziel unserer doppelzentrischen Fallserienuntersuchung war die Evaluation der Effektivität und Verträglichkeit der Antioxidantien Rutosid und Ascorbinsäure als Kombinationstherapie bei PPP.Patienten und MethodikEs erfolgte die retrospektive Datenauswertung von 35 PPP‐Patienten, die zwischen 2004 und 2011 mit 2 × 50 mg Rutosid und 1 000 mg Ascorbinsäure täglich behandelt wurden. Die mittlere Behandlungsdauer betrug 8,2 Monate.ErgebnisseBei 71,4 % der Patienten kam es zu einer kompletten Abheilung der Hautveränderungen während es bei 20,0 % zu einer mindestens 50%igen Verbesserung der Symptome kam, einhergehend mit einer Steigerung der Lebensqualität. Neun Studienteilnehmer (25,1 %) erlitten nach dem Absetzen der Therapie einen Rückfall. Bei sieben von ihnen wurde daraufhin die Therapie wieder eingeleitet und führte in allen Fällen zu einem erneuten Ansprechen. Bei drei Patienten kam es zu leichten unerwünschten Wirkungen. Patienten mit einer kürzeren Erkrankungsdauer zeigten bessere Behandlungsergebnisse, eine kürzere Latenzzeit bis zum Ansprechen auf die Therapie und ein geringeres Rückfallrisiko.SchlussfolgerungDie orale Therapie mit Rutosid und Ascorbinsäure eröffnet eine effektive und gut verträgliche Therapieotion bei PPP. Um ein gutes therapeutisches Ergebnis zu erzielen, wird eine frühe Therapie empfohlen.