bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 22 Evaluating the respiratory health risks of volcanic ash at the eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 1995 to 2010
Authors: Baxter P. J. , Searl A. S. , Cowie H. A. , Jarvis D. , Horwell C. J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The management and outcomes of the volcanic crisis on Montserrat, which began with the onset of activity at the Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV) on 18 July 1995, might have been very different without the scientific precedents set by the Mount St Helens eruption, USA, on 18 May 1980, and the research advances that followed. This narrative is intended to show the steps taken by health scientists in response to the unfolding developments at the volcano to characterize the hazard presented by the volcanic ash and to devise mitigation measures to prevent the development of irreversible lung disease in the island population. Initial assessments of the health risk for silicosis were deterministic and based on industry exposure limits derived from published epidemiological and clinical studies of workers exposed to dusts containing free crystalline silica. However, by 2003, new research findings on the ash enabled the risk to be updated with a probabilistic approach incorporating the expertise of scientists from a wide range of disciplines including toxicology, volcanology and statistical modelling. The main outcome has been to provide reassurance to the islanders and policy makers that the chances of developing silicosis on Montserrat are very small given the preventive measures that were adopted during 1995–2010 and the change in style of the eruption.
Chapter 27 A note on geographical systems and maps of Montserrat
Authors: Odbert Henry M. , Grebby Stephen 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
It is often critically important that geospatial data are measured and mapped accurately, particularly for quantitative analyses and numerical modelling applications. Defining a geographical coordinate system requires a non-unique combination of geodetic techniques (e.g. ellipsoids, projections and geoids). The choice of geographical system presents scope for ambiguity and confusion about geographical data, especially those archived without appropriate metadata. Experience has shown that these confusions have been a repeating source of either frustration or inadvertent error for those using geographical data from Montserrat. This is, in part, probably due to common usage of multiple datums and the existence of numerous topographical datasets recorded during the past 150 years. Here, we attempt to provide a brief introduction to geodetic principles and their application to Montserrat geographical data. The differences between common datums are illustrated and we describe variations in magnetic declination as they apply to field use of magnetic instruments. We include a record of the source of the large-scale mapping datasets that have been used and analysed ubiquitously in the literature. The descriptions here are intended as an introductory reference resource for those using geographical data from Montserrat.
The Faddeev Equation and the Essential Spectrum of a Model Operator Associated with the Hamiltonian of a Nonconserved Number of Particles
Authors: Muminov Zahriddin , Ismail Fudziah , Rasulov Jamshid 
Published: June 2014

A model describing a truncated operatorH(truncated with respect to the number of particles) and acting in the direct sum of zero-, one-, and two-particle subspaces of fermionic Fock spaceFaL2T3overL2(T3)is investigated. The location of the essential spectrum of the model operatorHis described by means of the spectrum of the Friedreich modelh(p); p∈ T3. Moreover, for the resolvent ofH, the Faddeev type system of integral equations is obtained.
Urban Integrated Meteorological Observations: Practice and Experience in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tan Jianguo , Yang Limin , Grimmond C. S. B. , Shi Jianping , Gu Wen , Chang Yuanyong , Hu Ping , Sun Juan , Ao Xiangyu , Han Zhihui 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Observations of atmospheric conditions and processes in cities are fundamental to understanding the interactions between the urban surface and weather/climate, improving the performance of urban weather, air quality, and climate models, and providing key information for city end users (e.g., decision makers, stakeholders, public). In this paper, Shanghai’s Urban Integrated Meteorological Observation Network (SUIMON) and some examples of intended applications are introduced. Its characteristics include being multipurpose (e.g., forecast, research, service), multifunction (e.g., high-impact weather, city climate, special end users), multiscale (e.g., macro/meso, urban, neighborhood, street canyon), multivariable (e.g., thermal, dynamic, chemical, biometeorological, ecological), and multiplatform (e.g., radar, wind profiler, ground based, satellite based, in situ observation/sampling). Underlying SUIMON is a data management system to facilitate exchange of data and information. The overall aim of the network is to improve coordination strategies and instruments, to identify data gaps based on science- and user-driven requirements, and to intelligently combine observations from a variety of platforms by using a data assimilation system that is tuned to produce the best estimate of the current state of the urban atmosphere.
“Certain Death” from Storm Surge: A Comparative Study of Household Responses to Warnings about Hurricanes Rita and Ike
Authors: Wei Hung-Lung , Lindell Michael K. , Prater Carla S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study examines the effect of an unusual “certain death” warning message on Galveston, Harris, and Jefferson County, Texas, residents’ expectations of storm surge damage and evacuation decisions during Hurricane Ike. The effect of this message was tested by comparing questionnaire data collected after Hurricane Ike to similar data collected 3 yr earlier after Hurricane Rita. If the certain death message had an effect, one would expect nonsignificant differences in perceptions of the two storms’ surge threats because the category 2 storm (Ike) had a surge that was more characteristic of a category 5 storm (Rita). However, the ratings of the storm surge threat for Ike were significantly lower than those for Rita in Galveston County—the point of landfall. Moreover, evacuation rates for Ike were consistently lower than those for Rita in all three counties, and there were no statistically significant differences between storms in the correlations of expected storm surge damage with evacuation decisions. In summary, these data fail to show evidence that the dramatic certain death warning increased expectations of surge threat and evacuation decisions. These findings underscore the need for those disseminating weather warnings to better understand how hurricane warnings flow from an initial source through intermediate links to the ultimate receivers as well as how these ultimate receivers receive, heed, interpret, and decide how to act upon those warnings.
Governing the Resource: A Study of the Institutions of Decentralized Forest Resource Management
Authors: Suresh Lavanya 
Published: June 2014

The Indian Forest Policy of 1988 and the subsequent government resolution on participatory forest management emphasized the need for people’s participation in natural forest management. This article lays out the institutions that emerge from this strategy and their involvement in decentralized Forest Resource Management. It also traces the inter-linkages between them in the governance of the forest resource in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu.  Two levels of inquiry have been undertaken, one at the institutional level and the other at the household level. Based on data collected, using quantitative and qualitative methods, it is found that the presence of civil society organizations (CSOs) have an effect on the functioning of government institutions. The article informs the assessment that decentralization has a two-pronged function of bringing governance closer to the people and to also bring more political will to the people.
Civil Society’s Engagement with ULFA in Assam: A Historical Exploration
Authors: Dutta Akhil Ranjan 
Published: June 2014

The armed struggle launched by United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) since the late 1970s for Swadhin Asom (independent Assam) and its reaction, appreciation, endorsement and critique in the civil society is an interesting case for investigation on how civil society works in India’s Northeast. Historically, civil society in Assam has been a domain of manifestations of grievances against the state, particularly, against the Government of India (GoI). As a result, the civil society in Assam has almost been overtaken by the passion of the ULFA, which steered armed struggle for Assam’s independence. Although the civil society did not endorse the path of violence pursued by ULFA for its proclaimed goal of Assam’s independence, a comprehensive critical voice against the militancy and violence pursued by it, has been almost absent. Only a few individuals consistently maintained a critique on ULFA from its inception. In more than three decades of ULFA–GoI conflict, the civil society has undergone through different experiences—from being overtaken by collective passion for the cause raised by ULFA to complete subjugation and marginalization under coercion both by the Indian state and the ULFA, and to that of gradual revival as a critical domain to question both the state and ULFA. The present article is an attempt to examine this trajectory of the civil society in Assam vis-à-vis ULFA.
Book Review: Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, eds, Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for other Developing Countries and Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, eds, An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions
Authors: Jenkins Rob 
Published: June 2014

Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, eds, Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for other Developing Countries. New York, NY: Public Affairs. 2013. 302 pages. US$ 28.99. Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, eds, An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2013. 446 pages. US$ 22.95.
Book Review: Ajay Gudvarthy, ed., Reframing Democracy and Agency in India: Interrogating Political Society and Ajay Gudavarthy, ed., Politics of Post-Civil Society: Contemporary History of Political Movements in India
Authors: Pandey Ankita 
Published: June 2014

Ajay Gudvarthy, ed., Reframing Democracy and Agency in India: Interrogating Political Society. New Delhi: Anthem Press. 2012. 322 pages. ₹ 595. Ajay Gudavarthy, ed., Politics of Post-Civil Society: Contemporary History of Political Movements in India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. 2013. 263 pages. ₹ 695.
Preparation of halloysite nanotube-supported gold nanocomposite for solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Fu Xiaobo , Ding Zhan , Zhang Xuan , Weng Wanliang , Xu Yongjun , Liao Junxu , Xie Zhenkui 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles supported on halloysite nanotubes (Au/HNTs) were prepared by a homogeneous deposition-precipitation method. The specific characteristics of the catalyst were characterized in detail, in relation to their performance for solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The particular structure of the catalyst resulted in high catalytic activity and stability compared with other supported gold catalysts. The enhanced catalytic activity of the Au/HNTs catalyst was mainly attributed to the presence of a higher amount of oxidized gold species and the tubular structure of the HNTs.
Deciphering the peptidome of urine from ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls
Authors: Smith Christopher R , Batruch Ihor , Bauça Josep Miquel , Kosanam Hari , Ridley Julia , Bernardini Marcus Q , Leung Felix , Diamandis Eleftherios P , Kulasingam Vathany 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The emergence of high-throughput technologies, such as mass spectrometry, has allowed for a paradigm shift in the way we search for novel biomarkers. Urine-based peptidomic profiling is a novel approach that may result in the discovery of noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing patients with OvCa. In this study, the peptidome of urine from 6 ovarian cancer patients and 6 healthy controls was deciphered.ResultsUrine samples underwent ultrafiltration and the filtrate was subjected to solid phase extraction, followed by fractionation using strong cation exchange chromatography. These fractions were analyzed using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Over 4600 unique endogenous urine peptides arising from 713 proteins were catalogued, representing the largest urine peptidome reported to date. Each specimen was processed in triplicate and reproducibility at the protein (69-76%) and peptide (58-63%) levels were noted. More importantly, over 3100 unique peptides were detected solely in OvCa specimens. One such promising biomarker was leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1), where multiple peptides were found in all urines from OvCa patients, but only one peptide was found in one healthy control urine sample.ConclusionsMining the urine peptidome may yield highly promising novel OvCa biomarkers.
Metabolomic biomarkers correlating with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows
Authors: Imhasly Sandro , Naegeli Hanspeter , Baumann Sven , von Bergen Martin , Luch Andreas , Jungnickel Harald , Potratz Sarah , Gerspach Christian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundHepatic lipidosis or fatty liver disease is a major metabolic disorder of high-producing dairy cows that compromises animal performance and, hence, causes heavy economic losses worldwide. This syndrome, occurring during the critical transition from gestation to early lactation, leads to an impaired health status, decreased milk yield, reduced fertility and shortened lifetime. Because the prevailing clinical chemistry parameters indicate advanced liver damage independently of the underlying disease, currently, hepatic lipidosis can only be ascertained by liver biopsy. We hypothesized that the condition of fatty liver disease may be accompanied by an altered profile of endogenous metabolites in the blood of affected animals.ResultsTo identify potential small-molecule biomarkers as a novel diagnostic alternative, the serum samples of diseased dairy cows were subjected to a targeted metabolomics screen by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. A subsequent multivariate test involving principal component and linear discriminant analyses yielded 29 metabolites (amino acids, phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelines) that, in conjunction, were able to distinguish between dairy cows with no hepatic lipidosis and those displaying different stages of the disorder.ConclusionsThis proof-of-concept study indicates that metabolomic profiles, including both amino acids and lipids, distinguish hepatic lipidosis from other peripartal disorders and, hence, provide a promising new tool for the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis. By generating insights into the molecular pathogenesis of hepatic lipidosis, metabolomics studies may also facilitate the prevention of this syndrome.
Effect of myrtle fruit syrup on abnormal uterine bleeding: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
Authors: Qaraaty Marzieh , Kamali Seyed Hamid , Dabaghian Fataneh Hashem , Zafarghandi Nafiseh , Mokaberinejad Roshanak , Mobli Masumeh , Amin Gholamreza , Naseri Mohsen , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Amin Mohsen , Ghaseminejad Azizeh , HosseiniKhabiri Seyedeh jihan , Talei Daryush 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) has been used in the Iranian Traditional Medicine as a treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of myrtle fruit syrup on abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted on 30 women suffering from abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia. Treatment comprised of giving 15 ml oral myrtle syrup daily (5 ml three times a day) for 7 days starting from the onset of bleeding. The myrtle syrup along with placebo was repeated for 3 consecutive menstrual periods. Menstrual duration and number of used pads were recorded by the Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart at the end of each menstrual period. The quality of life was also evaluated using the menorrhagia questionnaire.

Results
The mean number of bleeding days significantly declined from 10.6 ± 2.7 days to 8.2 ± 1.9 days after 3 months treatment with the syrup (p = 0.01) and consequently the participants in the intervention group used fewer pads after 3 months (16.4 ± 10.7) compared with the number of pads used at the beginning of the treatment (22.7 ± 12.0, p = 0.01). Bleeding days and number of pads used by the participants in the placebo group did not change significantly. Also significant changes of quality of life scores were observed in the intervention group after 3 months compared to the baseline.

Conclusion
Myrtle syrup is introduced as a potential remedy for abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia.
The Software Ontology (SWO): a resource for reproducibility in biomedical data analysis, curation and digital preservation
Authors: Malone James , Brown Andy , Lister Allyson L , Ison Jon , Hull Duncan , Parkinson Helen , Stevens Robert 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Motivation
Biomedical ontologists to date have concentrated on ontological descriptions of biomedical entities such as gene products and their attributes, phenotypes and so on. Recently, effort has diversified to descriptions of the laboratory investigations by which these entities were produced. However, much biological insight is gained from the analysis of the data produced from these investigations, and there is a lack of adequate descriptions of the wide range of software that are central to bioinformatics. We need to describe how data are analyzed for discovery, audit trails, provenance and reproducibility.

Results
The Software Ontology (SWO) is a description of software used to store, manage and analyze data. Input to the SWO has come from beyond the life sciences, but its main focus is the life sciences. We used agile techniques to gather input for the SWO and keep engagement with our users. The result is an ontology that meets the needs of a broad range of users by describing software, its information processing tasks, data inputs and outputs, data formats versions and so on. Recently, the SWO has incorporated EDAM, a vocabulary for describing data and related concepts in bioinformatics. The SWO is currently being used to describe software used in multiple biomedical applications.

Conclusion
The SWO is another element of the biomedical ontology landscape that is necessary for the description of biomedical entities and how they were discovered. An ontology of software used to analyze data produced by investigations in the life sciences can be made in such a way that it covers the important features requested and prioritized by its users. The SWO thus fits into the landscape of biomedical ontologies and is produced using techniques designed to keep it in line with user’s needs.

Availability
The Software Ontology is available under an Apache 2.0 license at http://theswo.sourceforge.net/; the Software Ontology blog can be read at http://softwareontology.wordpress.com.
Anemia and red blood cell transfusion in critically ill cardiac patients
Authors: Du Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève , Harrington Karen , Lacroix Jacques 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAnemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion occur frequently in hospitalized patients with cardiac disease. In this narrative review, we report the epidemiology of anemia and RBC transfusion in hospitalized adults and children (excluding premature neonates) with cardiac disease, and on the outcome of anemic and transfused cardiac patients. Both anemia and RBC transfusion are common in cardiac patients, and both are associated with mortality. RBC transfusion is the only way to rapidly treat severe anemia, but is not completely safe. In addition to hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, the determinant(s) that should drive a practitioner to prescribe a RBC transfusion to cardiac patients are currently unclear. In stable acyanotic cardiac patients, Hb level above 70 g/L in children and above 70 to 80 g/L in adults appears safe. In cyanotic children, Hb level above 90 g/L appears safe. The appropriate threshold Hb level for unstable cardiac patients and for children younger than 28 days is unknown. The optimal transfusion strategy in cardiac patients is not well characterized. The threshold at which the risk of anemia outweighs the risk of transfusion is not known. More studies are needed to determine when RBC transfusion is indicated in hospitalized patients with cardiac disease.
Metabolism of amino acids differs in the brains of Djungarian hamster (P. sungorus) and Roborovskii hamster (P. roborovskii)
Authors: Ikeda Hiromi , Kawase Takahiro , Nagasawa Mao , Chowdhury Vishwajit Sur , Yasuo Shinobu , Furuse Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Djungarian hamster (P. sungorus) and Roborovskii hamster (P. roborovskii) belong to the same genus of phodopus. Roborovskii hamster shows high locomotor activity and low level of dopamine (DA) in the brain. Administration of L-tyrosine, a precursor of DA, decreases locomotor activity in Roborovskii hamsters. However, the amino acid metabolism in relation to the hyperactivity is not yet well known. In the present study, L- and D-amino acid concentrations in the brain, liver, and plasma in Djungarian and Roborovskii hamsters were investigated during day and night times to explain the possible difference in hyperactivity between them. Most of the examined amino acids were higher in the night time when hamsters are active compared to those in day time. L- and D-tyrosine concentrations were higher in the liver of Roborovskii hamsters than in Djungarian hamsters. Furthermore, brain concentration of D-tyrosine was higher in the Roborovskii than in Djungarian hamsters, but no significant difference was observed for L-tyrosine concentrations between the two species. These results suggest that the conversion of L-tyrosine to D-tyrosine in the brain of Roborovskii hamster may be higher than in Djungarian hamster, which may cause low DA concentration and hyperactivity in Roborovskii hamster. On the other hand, L- and D-serine, which are known as sedative factors, were lower in Roborovskii hamsters than Djungarian hamster. These results suggest that species-specific regulation in amino acid metabolism may contribute to hyperactivity in Roborovskii hamsters.