bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of active learning in dentistry: A comparative study of Jigsaw versus inquired‐based learning
Authors: Bhandary Meghna , Thimmaiah Charisma , Shahid Mohammed , Shetty Yashaswini , Rao K Ananya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of Jigsaw and Inquiry‐Based Learning (IBL) methods in promoting effective learning outcomes within diverse dental educational settings.MethodsA total of 188 dental undergraduate students were recruited for the study and divided into Batch A (n = 96) and Batch B (n = 92). Each batch underwent two teaching sessions, one using the Jigsaw method and the other using IBL. A structured questionnaire using five‐point Likert scales assessed students' preferences between the two methods. Pre‐ and post‐intervention tests were conducted to measure knowledge acquisition. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t‐test with STATA version 17, with a p‐value of < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsBoth Jigsaw and IBL methods significantly improved students' knowledge, with mean scores showing a significant difference before and after interventions (p < 0.001). IBL was more effective in comprehensive topic coverage (99.46%) and enhancing subject understanding. Both methods yielded comparable outcomes in terms of improving communication skills. The Jigsaw method was simpler and more enjoyable, encouraging active participation and enhancing communication skills. IBL promoted critical thinking, research skills, and deeper comprehension of concepts.ConclusionJigsaw and IBL methods are both effective in enhancing dental education. The choice between these methods depends on the specific learning objectives, the complexity of the topic, and the preferences of the dental educator and students.
Deep Learning‐Based Techniques in Glioma Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Multi‐Parametric MRI: A Review on Clinical Applications and Future Outlooks
Authors: Ghadimi Delaram J. , Vahdani Amir M. , Karimi Hanie , Ebrahimi Pouya , Fathi Mobina , Moodi Farzan , Habibzadeh Adrina , Khodadadi Shoushtari Fereshteh , Valizadeh Gelareh , Mobarak Salari Hanieh , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza 
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive review explores the role of deep learning (DL) in glioma segmentation using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The study surveys advanced techniques such as multiparametric MRI for capturing the complex nature of gliomas. It delves into the integration of DL with MRI, focusing on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and their remarkable capabilities in tumor segmentation. Clinical applications of DL‐based segmentation are highlighted, including treatment planning, monitoring treatment response, and distinguishing between tumor progression and pseudo‐progression. Furthermore, the review examines the evolution of DL‐based segmentation studies, from early CNN models to recent advancements such as attention mechanisms and transformer models. Challenges in data quality, gradient vanishing, and model interpretability are discussed. The review concludes with insights into future research directions, emphasizing the importance of addressing tumor heterogeneity, integrating genomic data, and ensuring responsible deployment of DL‐driven healthcare technologies.Evidence LevelN/ATechnical EfficacyStage 2
Analog and linearity performance analysis of ferroelectric vertical tunnel field effect transistor with and without source pocket
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Maity Heranmoy , Singh Prabhat , Singh Sarabdeep 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the electrical performance characteristics of a ferroelectric vertical tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) with and without a source pocket (Si0.5Ge0.5). The incorporation of Germanium in the source of the TFET aims to enhance the on‐current. The Silvaco TCAD simulation tool is utilized to simulate the proposed structure. To improve device performance, a ferroelectric layer with a vertical length is employed in the gate of the TFET. When the ferroelectric layer partially controls the channel region, device characteristics, such as on‐current and subthreshold swing (SS) can be improved (i.e., ION = 15.21 × 10−5 A/μm, ION/IOFF = 5.03 × 109, and a minimum SS of 20.87 mV/decade at 300 K). This article studied a comparison between ferroelectric vertical TFETs and nonferroelectric vertical TFETs, as well as ferroelectric vertical TFETs with and without source pockets. The comparison is done on the basis of DC and RF parameters. Analysis of this comparison represents that ferroelectric vertical TFET with source pocket has improved characteristics.
Harmonic balance applied to a 2D nonlinear finite‐element magnetic model with motion and circuit coupling
Authors: Scolaro Elia , Alberti Luigi , Sabariego Ruth V. , Gyselinck Johan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, the harmonic balance approach is applied to a 2D nonlinear finite‐element magnetic model with motion, coupled to a nonlinear circuit. The case study comprises a six‐pole three‐phase surface‐mounted permanent magnet generator connected to a six‐pulse full‐wave diode bridge rectifier. Simulations are performed at fixed generator speed in two operating cases: with an open‐circuit DC bus and supplying a load resistance. Both time stepping and harmonic balance approaches are deeply discussed focusing on the model under study, along with relevant implementation details. Harmonic balance results are compared with benchmark time stepping simulations in terms of voltage and current waveforms, progressively expanding the harmonic spectrum. The computational cost of the two approaches is reported as well. Simulation accuracy is satisfying with regard to time stepping benchmark results: relative errors on total harmonic distortion and global root‐mean‐square values are lower than 3% and 1%, respectively. However, the time stepping approach outperforms the harmonic balance one, due to the relatively short initial transient of the chosen case study. Further improvements on practical implementation are needed to exploit the potentialities of harmonic balance technique.
Microscopic study on characteristic decorative black and white porcelain produced in Shanxi province, Jin and Yuan dynasties (ad 1115–1368), China
Authors: Wang Minli , Faulmann Christophe , Wang Fen , Wang Tian , Sciau Philippe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlack and white porcelain plays a critical role in Chinese decorative porcelain history. It is famous for its decorative styles and techniques, which create a strong black and white color contrast in its appearance. In this study, representative black and white porcelains produced in Shanxi province were analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM‐EDS. The results show that both Ca‐rich (~5.33 wt%) and Ca‐poor (~1.99 wt%) glazes were used leading to quite different microstructures. The pigment particles of Ca‐rich glazes are characterized by small size (≤2 μm), wide distribution, and tightly wrapped by anorthite. In contrast, they are larger (≥2 μm) and tightly cumulated together in Ca‐poor glazes. Hematite is the major crystal in pigment, double‐substituted by Al and Ti. The Al/Fe ratios are similar, but Ti/Fe ratios are quite different: They do not exceed 0.03% in Ca‐poor glazes, whereas they reach 0.12% in Ca‐rich glazes, suggesting that the origin of the pigments must be different. Al‐rich mineral such as kaolin was added to the pigment preparation in Ca‐rich glazes. The color of the pattern is mainly influenced by the size, quantity, and concentration of brown Ti‐doping hematite, as well as the thickness of the glaze layer and other crystals and Fe ions. The fired atmosphere of Ca‐rich glaze type seems less oxidizing than for Ca‐poor glaze type. Overall, the results confirm that black and white porcelain has a variety of production techniques, which is attributed to the craftsman adjusting the techniques according to the composition of raw materials.
Impact of aggregate‐colonizing copepods on the biological carbon pump in a high‐latitude fjord
Authors: Svensen Camilla , Iversen Morten , Norrbin Fredrika , Möller Klas Ove , Wiedmann Ingrid , Skarðhamar Jofrid , Barth‐Jensen Coralie , Kwasniewski Slawomir , Ormanczyk Mateusz , Dąbrowska Anna Maria , Koski Marja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZooplankton consumption of sinking aggregates affects the quality and quantity of organic carbon exported to the deep ocean. Increasing laboratory evidence shows that small particle‐associated copepods impact the flux attenuation by feeding on sinking particles, but this has not been quantified in situ. We investigated the impact of an abundant particle‐colonizing copepod, Microsetella norvegica, on the attenuation of the vertical carbon flux in a sub‐Arctic fjord. This study combines field measurements of vertical carbon flux, abundance, and size‐distribution of marine snow and degradation rates of fecal pellets and algal aggregates. Female M. norvegica altered their feeding behavior when exposed to aggregates, and ingestion rates were 0.20 μg C ind.−1 d−1 on marine snow and 0.11 μg C ind.−1 d−1 on intact krill fecal pellets, corresponding to 48% and 26% of the females' body carbon mass. Due to high sea surface abundance of up to ~ 50 ind. L−1, the population of M. norvegica had the potential to account for almost all the carbon removal in the upper 50 m of the water column, depending on the type of the aggregate. Our observations highlight the potential importance of abundant small‐sized copepods for biogeochemical cycles through their impact on export flux and its attenuation in the twilight zone.
Interfacial property enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via constructing a gradual modulus interphase with a waterborne bio‐based spiro diacetal epoxy emulsion
Authors: Deng Zhen , Ma Long , Sun Yuhang , Li Gang , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, to explore the utilization of bio‐based epoxy resin in the preparation of sizing agents for carbon fibers (CFs), a bio‐based epoxy emulsion (S‐P‐S) derived from spiro diacetal epoxy (SDE) resin was prepared and compared to the traditional diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) based emulsion (D‐P‐D) and a mixed emulsion of S‐P‐S and D‐P‐D (S‐P‐S&D‐P‐D). The CF sized with S‐P‐S (CF‐(S‐P‐S)) showed improved surface oxygen content (22.86%) and roughness (40.9 nm), enhancing wettability and interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix. Nanoindentation test and AFM results showed the enhanced interfacial stiffness and a gradual modulus interphase with a thickness of 381 nm in CF‐(S‐P‐S) reinforced epoxy resin composite (CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP). Therefore, the resulting CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP composite possesses the best mechanical properties, with the transverse fiber bundle tensile (TFBT) strength of 27.3 ± 1.45 MPa and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of 85.6 ± 8.26 MPa. These results highlight the potential of the SDE‐based emulsion (S‐P‐S) to enhance the interfacial properties and mechanical performance of CF/EP composite, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum‐based epoxy resins.Highlights
Emulsion (S‐P‐S) was prepared using spiro diacetal epoxy (SDE) for carbon fiber sizing.
Properties of S‐P‐S sized CF (CF‐(S‐P‐S)) and its composite were evaluated.
Spiro diacetal structure created a gradual modulus interphase in CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP.
The interfacial properties of the CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP composite were greatly improved.
Bio‐based SDE resin showed promise for optimizing carbon fiber composite interphase.
Computer simulation‐guided template selection for a molecularly imprinted polymer for selective trifluralin adsorption
Authors: Song Lianjun , Wang Jinkui , Fan Mengzhuo , Mao Yexuan , Zhang Xiya , Bu Tong , Huang Xianqing , Qiao Mingwu , Wang Zhihao , Shi Haipeng , Wang Youyi , Wang Changqing , Dang Meng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo meet selective adsorption toward trifluralin, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was fabricated by the dummy template molecular imprinting technology. First, computational simulation was performed to select a suitable dummy template, 3,5‐dinitro‐4‐methylbenzoic acid (T1), based on the maximum basis set superposition error (BSSE)‐corrected binding interaction energy (ΔE) of the monomer N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)‐T1 complex and its structural overlap with trifluralin. Then, the MIP was prepared via the bulk polymerization. The adsorption experiments showed the MIP exhibited a trifluralin adsorption capacity of 5.1 mg g−1, an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.2, and short adsorption equilibrium time of 5 min. The adsorption of trifluralin conformed to the Freundlich adsorption (R2 = 0.985) and pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 = 0.999). In addition, the MIP exhibited selectivity to trifluralin over other adsorbents, including structural analogs (pendimethalin and oryzalin), pesticide (carbendazim), and nitrocompounds (nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadone), with the selectivity factor (β) in the range of 1.2–3.0, respectively. In trifluralin/oryzalin mixture, the IF toward oryzalin was still as high as 1.9. The removal rate of the MIP to trifluralin in environmental water samples ranged from 90.08% to 99.04%. This study provides theoretical and experimental insights for the preparation of MIP using dummy templates.
64‐1: Protrusion‐free LTPS Using the CMP Process and Its OLED Application
Authors: Cho Woojin , Choo Byoung-Kwon , Bae Joon Hwa , Kang Seung Bae , Yang HeeSung , Shin Su Kyeong , So Byung Soo , Jang Keunho , Lee Changhee 
Published: July 2024

Low Temperature Polysilicon (LTPS) is the most popular channel material used in the thin film transistor and it has the protrusions due to the volume expansion of Si and the presence of its native oxide. The protrusions cause the negative effects such as interface trap, hysteresis and so on. In that sense, the heights need to be lowered or eventually flattened.In this study, we used the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) technique to reduce the surface roughness of LTPS to the 1nm and even lower. One of the most difficult problmes in the large sized CMP process is the removal of slurry residues after CMP and we successfully overcome the issue by using the hydrophilic angent.Finally, we are succesfully able to prepare AMOLED panel with reduced gate insulator thickness by using the CMP process and it shows less hysteresis results.
Facile Exfoliation of Few‐Layer Sn‐Based Nanosheets for Self‐Powered Photo‐Electrochemical and All‐Optical Modulation Applications
Authors: Hong Siyi , Wu Leiming , Xiao Zizhen , Chen Yinxiang , Kuklin Artem , Liu Huating , Ågren Hans , Ren Xiaohui , Zhang Ye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFew‐layer tin (Sn)‐based nanosheets (NSs) with a thickness of ≈2.5 nm are successfully prepared using a modified liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method. Here the first exploration of photo‐electrochemical (PEC) and nonlinear properties of Sn NSs is presented. The results demonstrate that the PEC properties are tunable under different experimental conditions. Additionally, Sn NSs are shown to exhibit a unique self‐powered PEC performance, maintaining a good long‐term stability for up to 1 month. Using electron spin resonance, active species, such as hydroxyl radicals (·OH), superoxide radicals (·O2−), and holes (h+), are detected during operations, providing a deeper understanding of the working mechanism. Furthermore, measurements of nonlinear response reveal that Sn NSs can be effective for all‐optical modulation, as it enables the realization of all‐optical switching through excitation spatial cross‐phase modulation (SXPM). These findings present new research insights and potential applications of Sn NSs in optoelectronics.
Unprecedented Organogermanium Functionalized GeIV−SbIII‐Templating Polyoxotungstate Nanocluster for Photothermal–Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Dan , Tang Zhigang , Zhang Wenshu , Chen Yan , Chen Lijuan , Song Shiyong , Zhao Junwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe function‐oriented synthesis of polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters has become an increasingly important area of research. Herein, the well‐known broad‐spectrum anticancer drug Ge‐132 which contains GeIV as potential heteroatoms and carboxyl coordination sites, is introduced to the POM system, leading to the first organogermanium functionalized GeIV−SbIII‐templating POM nanocluster Na4[H2N(CH3)2]16 H18[Sm4(H2O)12W4O14Ge(CH2CH2COOH)]2[SbW9O33]4[Ge(CH2CH2COOH) SbW15O54]2·62H2O (1). An unprecedented organogermanium templating Dawson‐like [Ge(CH2CH2COOH)SbW15O54]12− building block is discovered. To take advantage of the potential pharmaceutical activity of such an organogermanium‐functionalized POM cluster, 1 is further composited with gold nanoparticles (NPs) to prepare 1−Au NPs, which doubles the blood circulation time of 1‐based nanodrug. Efficient separation of photogenerated charges in 1−Au NPs largely boosts the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE = 55.0%), which is nearly 2.1 times that of either single 1 (PCE = 26.7%) or Au NPs (PCE = 26.2%), and simultaneously facilitate the generation of toxic activate reactive oxygen species in tumor microenvironment. Based on these findings, it is demonstrated that 1−Au NPs are a multifunctional and renal clearable nanomedicine with great potential in photoacoustic imaging guiding photothermal–chemodynamic therapy for breast cancer.
Comparing standard- and reduced-size passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for monitoring juvenile wild spring Chinook Salmon
Authors: Lamb Jesse J. , Sandford Benjamin P. , Smith Steven G. , Axel Gordon A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Annual migration monitoring can help to discern patterns and environmental factors that impact growth, survival, and movement timing in small fish. Mark–recapture methods form the basis for such monitoring, and the standard 12-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag has emerged as an essential tool for studies of juvenile salmonids. A smaller, 9-mm PIT tag now provides the potential to conduct mark–recapture studies on smaller fish. We evaluated relative performance of the 9-mm tag, which is similar in design to its 12-mm predecessor.

Methods
For this comparison, we tagged and released approximately 8400 wild spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr in Valley Creek, Idaho, from 2011 to 2013. Tag-size cohorts were of similar average body size and were tagged in equal numbers. We estimated survival and detection probability for each cohort over two river segments.

Results
In both segments, survival varied among years, but we observed no significant differences between tag-size groups. At Valley Creek, average detection rates of fish with 9-mm tags were a little less than one-half the rates of fish with 12-mm tags and were significantly lower in all 3 years. At Lower Granite Dam, detection rates were again lower for 9-mm tags, but the differences were much smaller (3%–12%) and were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
We found that 9-mm tags can be as effective as 12-mm tags and may allow for better inference to smaller (&lt;55-mm) non-tagged fish. However, the lower detection rates of the 9-mm tags could lead to less precise estimates, and site-specific detection rates should be considered for studies that rely on these tags.
Turning a mirror into a window: A duoethnographic study of international student identity
Authors: Schiffecker Sarah , Abdallah Joanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis duoethnographical study explores the experiences of the two authors, Joanna and Sarah, as international students in the United States that do not quite fully fit in any of the categories described in research literature. Using a Borderland theoretical approach, the authors explore the in‐between spaces at the intersections of their identities in order to understand their complex experiences as white/wwwhite‐passing international doctoral students in the United States. Applying the Borderland approach to both intersectional and social identity frameworks, this chapter seeks to highlight the intricacies involved in the identity development of international students, especially when group membership is fluid. The results of this duoethnography challenge traditional notions of intersectionality of identity and uncover a dissonance in the identities of both authors.
Genetic diversity and population structure in banana (Musa spp.) breeding germplasm
Authors: Akech Violet , Bengtsson Therése , Ortiz Rodomiro , Swennen Rony , Uwimana Brigitte , Ferreira Claudia F. , Amah Delphine , Amorim Edson P. , Blisset Elizabeth , Van den Houwe Ines , Arinaitwe Ivan K. , Nice Liana , Bwesigye Priver , Tanksley Steve , Uma Subbaraya , Suthanthiram Backiyarani , Saraswathi Marimuthu S. , Mduma Hassan , Brown Allan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBananas (Musa spp.) are one of the most highly consumed fruits globally, grown in the tropical and sub‐tropical regions. We evaluated 856 Musa accessions from the breeding programs of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture of Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda; the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda; the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa); and the National Research Centre for Banana of India. Accessions from the in vitro gene bank at the International Transit Centre in Belgium were included to provide a baseline of available global diversity. A total of 16,903 informative single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used to estimate and characterize the genetic diversity and population structure and identify overlaps and unique material among the breeding programs. Analysis of molecular variance displayed low genetic variation among accessions and diploids and a higher variation among tetraploids (p < 0.001). Structure analysis revealed two major clusters corresponding to genomic composition. The results indicate that there is potential for the banana breeding programs to increase the diversity in their breeding materials and should exploit this potential for parental improvement and to enhance genetic gains in future breeding efforts.
Mesopore Catalytic Activated‐Carbon to Reduce Harmful Gases Indoors: Adsorption, Catalytic Oxidation, and Prediction Mechanism
Authors: Rengga Wara Dyah Pita , Purwanto Widodo Wahyu , Sudibandriyo Mahmud , Nasikin Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTModification of local bamboo‐based catalytic activated carbon with metallic Ag can produce mesopore and micropore types, with a mesopore content of 86%. One of the best ways to reduce formaldehyde concentrations is through catalytic adsorption. In combination with Ag nanoparticle catalyst, formaldehyde adsorption capacity is improved. Adsorption and oxidation reaction experiments are performed in a fixed bed column (di = 10 mm, length = 90 mm). The increase in formaldehyde adsorption associated with the reaction rate of formaldehyde oxidation by metallic Ag is 51 g/mmol. The oxidation reaction of Ag nanoparticles is a bimolecular reaction based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Formaldehyde can be reduced by 59% and 41% through the role of adsorption and support of catalytic oxidation, respectively. Additionally, harmless gases such as CO2 and H2O are produced within the column.