bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FROM SOCIAL CAPITAL TO HEALTH – AND BACK
Authors: Rocco Lorenzo , Fumagalli Elena , Suhrcke Marc 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe assess the causal relationship between health and social capital, measured by generalized trust, both at the individual and the community level. The paper contributes to the literature in two ways: it tackles the problems of endogeneity and reverse causation between social capital and health by estimating a simultaneous equation model, and it explicitly accounts for mis‐reporting in self‐reported trust.The inter‐relationship is tested using data from the first four waves of the European Social Survey for 25 European countries, supplemented by regional data from Eurostat. Our estimates show that a causal and positive relationship between self‐perceived health and social capital does exist and that it acts in both directions. In addition, the magnitude of the structural coefficients suggests that individual social capital is a strong determinant of health, whereas community level social capital plays a considerably smaller role in determining health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groundwater modelling with limited data sets: the Chari–Logone area (Lake Chad Basin, Chad)
Authors: Candela L. , Elorza F. J. , Tamoh K. , Jiménez‐Martínez J. , Aureli A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOne of the most important issues for water resource management is developing strategies for groundwater modelling that are adaptable to data scarcity. These strategies are particularly important in arid and semi‐arid areas where access to data is poor and data collection is difficult, such as the Lake Chad Basin in Africa. In the present study, we establish a numerical groundwater flow model and evaluate the effects of dry and wet periods on groundwater recharge in the Chari–Logone area (96 000 km2) of the Lake Chad Basin. Boundary conditions, flow direction, sources, and sinks for the Chari–Logone local model were obtained by revising and remodelling the Lake Chad Basin regional hydrogeological model (508 400 km2) developed by the BRGM (Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières) in the 1990s. The simulated aquifer water level showed good agreement with observed levels. Aquifer recharge is primarily determined by river–aquifer interactions and mostly occurs in the southern section of the study area. In wet years, groundwater recharge also occurs in the N'Djamena area. The approach we adopted provided relevant results and was useful as an initial step in more detailed modelling of the area. It also proved to be a useful method for groundwater modelling in large semi‐arid and arid regions where available data are scarce. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of soil‐streamwater relationships to assess regional patterns of acidic deposition effects in the northeastern USA
Authors: Siemion Jason , Lawrence Gregory B. , Murdoch Peter S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDeclines of acidic deposition levels by as much as 50% since 1990 have led to partial recovery of surface waters in the northeastern USA but continued depletion of soil calcium through this same period suggests a disconnection between soil and surface water chemistry. To investigate the role of soil‐surface water interactions in recovery from acidification, the first regional survey to directly relate soil chemistry to stream chemistry during high flow was implemented in a 4144‐km2 area of the Catskill region of New York, where acidic deposition levels are among the highest in the East.More than 40% of 95 streams sampled in the southern Catskill Mountains were determined to be acidified and had inorganic monomeric aluminum concentrations that exceeded a threshold that is toxic to aquatic biota. More than 80% likely exceeded this threshold during the highest flows, but less than 10% of more than 100 streams sampled were acidified in the northwestern portion of the region. Median Oa horizon soil base saturation ranged from 50% to 80% at 200 sites across the region, but median base saturation in the upper 10 cm of the B horizon was less than 20% across the region and was only 2% in the southern area. Aluminum is likely to be interfering with root uptake of calcium in the mineral horizon in approximately half the sampled watersheds. Stream chemistry was highly variable over the Catskill region and, therefore, did not always reflect the calcium depletion of the B horizon that our sampling suggested was nearly ubiquitous throughout the region. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species and SOD1 regulate bone mass during mechanical unloading
Authors: Morikawa Daichi , Nojiri Hidetoshi , Saita Yoshitomo , Kobayashi Keiji , Watanabe Kenji , Ozawa Yusuke , Koike Masato , Asou Yoshinori , Takaku Tomoiku , Kaneko Kazuo , Shimizu Takahiko 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases as well as bone fragility. Our previous study demonstrated that copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1)-deficient mice exhibit the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bone fragility resulting from low-turnover bone loss and impaired collagen cross-linking (Nojiri et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26:2682–94). Mechanical stress also plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis in bone tissue. However, the molecular links between oxidative and mechanical stresses in bone tissue have not been fully elucidated. We herein report that mechanical unloading significantly increased intracellular ROS production and the specific upregulation of Sod1 in bone tissue in a tail-suspension experiment. We also reveal that Sod1 loss exacerbated bone loss via reduced osteoblastic abilities during mechanical unloading. Interestingly, we found that the administration of an antioxidant, vitamin C, significantly attenuated bone loss during unloading. These results indicate that mechanical unloading, in part, regulates bone mass via intracellular ROS generation and the Sod1 expression, suggesting that activating Sod1 may be a preventive strategy for ameliorating mechanical unloading–induced bone loss. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of Rifampin, a Potent Inducer of Drug‐Metabolizing Enzymes and an Inhibitor of OATP1B1/3 Transport, on the Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Anacetrapib
Authors: Anderson Matt S. , Cote Josee , Liu Yang , Stypinski Daria , Auger Patrice , Hohnstein Anne , Rasmussen Scott , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Gutstein David E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAnacetrapib is a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor in development for treatment of dyslipidemia. This open‐label, fixed‐sequence, 3‐period study was intended to evaluate the potential of anacetrapib to be a victim of OATP1B1/3 inhibition and strong CYP3A induction using acute and chronic dosing of rifampin, respectively, as a probe. In this study, 16 healthy subjects received 100 mg anacetrapib administered without rifampin (Day 1, Period 1), with single‐dose (SD) 600 mg rifampin (Day 1, Period 2), and with multiple‐dose (MD) 600 mg rifampin for 20 days (Day 14, Period 3). Log‐transformed anacetrapib AUC0−∞ and Cmax were analyzed by a linear mixed effects model. The GMRs and 90% CIs for anacetrapib AUC0‐∞ and Cmax were 1.25 (1.04, 1.51) and 1.43 (1.13, 1.82) for SD rifampin (Period 2/Period 1) and 0.35 (0.29, 0.42) and 0.26 (0.21, 0.32) for MD rifampin (Period 3/Period 1), respectively. Anacetrapib was generally well tolerated in both the absence/presence of SD and MD rifampin. In conclusion, treatment with SD rifampin, which inhibits the OATP1B1/3 transporter system, did not substantially influence the SD pharmacokinetics of anacetrapib, while chronic (20 days) administration of rifampin, which strongly induces CYP3A isozymes, reduced mean systemic exposure to SD anacetrapib by 65%.
Performance improvement of Bacillus aryabhattaiITBHU02 for high‐throughput production of a tumor‐inhibitory L‐asparaginase using a kinetic model based approach
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Srivastava S. K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn unstructured model for batch culture production of L‐asparaginase by Bacillus aryabhattai ITBHU02, by means of the Luedeking–Piret incorporated logistic equation, was developed explaining the correlation between growth dynamics and enzyme production kinetics with respect to glucose depletion at different levels. The main goal was to build up a means for process optimization, design, control and analysis of L‐asparaginase production. Various thermodynamic parameters were estimated to comprehend enzyme stability and affiliated industrial applicability.RESULTSSpecific growth rate maxima were increased with increasing initial glucose concentration, whereas the specific productivity was best supported at a glucose concentration 5.0 g L‐1. The fermentative production of L‐asparaginase was greatly influenced by oxygen supply, reaching a maximum level at an aeration rate of 0.6 vvm. The activation energies for growth and death rate were 33.8±6.0 and 99.8±9.0 kJ mol‐1, respectively, with activation enthalpy values of enzyme formation and thermal deactivation 70.2±9.0 and 46.1±11.0 kJ mol‐1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe economic production of L‐asparaginase by B. aryabhattai was achieved efficiently at low glucose concentration and mild aeration. Endogenous metabolism of the strain for L‐asparaginase synthesis was thermostable up to 40°C, which makes the strain commercially important as it can be utilized for cost‐effective L‐asparaginase production within countries such as India, where 35–40°C temperatures are quite common. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of dietary phytophenols on the expression of microRNAs involved in mammalian cell homeostasis
Authors: Lançon Allan , Michaille Jean‐Jacques , Latruffe Norbert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBesides synthesizing nutritive substances (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) for energy and growth, plants produce numerous non‐energetic so‐called secondary metabolites (mainly polyphenols) that allow them to protect themselves against infections and other types of hostile environments. Interestingly, these polyphenols often provide cells with valuable bioactive properties for the maintenance of their functions and homeostasis (signaling, gene regulation, protection against acquired or infectious diseases, etc.) both in humans and animals. Namely, from a nutritional point of view, and based on epidemiological data, it is now well accepted that the regular consumption of green vegetables, fruits and fibers has protective effects against the onset of cancer as well as of inflammatory, neurodegenerative, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and consequently increases the overall longevity. In particular, grapevine plants produce large amounts of a wide variety of polyphenols. The most prominent of those—resveratrol—has been shown to impair or delay cardiovascular alterations, cancer, inflammation, aging, etc. Until recently, the molecular bases of the pleiotropic effects of resveratrol remained largely unclear despite numerous studies on a variety of signaling pathways and the transcriptional networks that they control. However, it has been recently proposed that the protective properties of resveratrol may arise from its modulation of small non‐coding regulatory RNAs, namely microRNAs. The aim of this review is to present up‐to‐date data on the control of microRNA expression by dietary phytophenols in different types of human cells, and their impact on cell differentiation, cancer development and the regulation of the inflammatory response. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Prospective clinical investigation of the relationship between idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and bone turnover
Authors: Parham Kourosh , Leonard Gerald , Feinn Richard S. , Lafreniere Denis , Kenny Anne M. 
Published: May 2013

Objective/HypothesisIdiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a strong indicator of decreased bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in postmenopausal women, and there is a correlation between BPPV and serum levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover.Study DesignProspective pilot clinical trial.MethodsTwo groups of postmenopausal women were recruited. The BPPV group consisted of 16 women with a diagnosis of BPPV. The OSTEO group consisted of 13 women with history of osteopenia/osteoporosis. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan results were compared, along with serum levels of ionized calcium (iCa), vitamin D, aminoterminal propeptide of protocollagen type I (P1NP), and aminoterminal telopeptides of collagen (sNTX).ResultsPrevalence of decreased bone mass density among BPPV subjects was 81%, and prevalence of BPPV among OSTEO subjects was 31%. BPPV subjects had higher P1NP levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that among BPPV subjects, there was positive correlation between P1NP and sNTX and a negative correlation between P1NP and vitamin D level. Age was positively correlated with serum levels of both biomarkers among the BPPV subjects. T score, serum iCa, and serum vitamin D levels did not appear to correlate with presence of BPPV.ConclusionsIdiopathic BPPV subjects have a high prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis. Levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover correlate with presence of BPPV. Our results, based on a sample of U.S. subjects, support an association between idiopathic BPPV and disorders of bone turnover.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 123:2834–2839, 2013
Producing the omega‐3 fatty acids DHA and EPA in oilseed crops
Authors: Walsh Terence A. , Metz James G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is increasing consumer demand for the omega‐3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) because of their well‐recognized benefits for human health and the observation that current western diets are deficient in these important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This has led to the need for additional cost‐effective and sustainable dietary sources of DHA and EPA beyond the traditional resource, oceanic fish. Recent advances in plant biotechnology have shown that DHA and EPA can be produced in vegetable oils using two approaches involving different sets of genes. One approach incorporates genes that direct sequential rounds of desaturation and elongation of native plant fatty acids. The other approach uses microalgal PUFA synthase genes to make DHA de novo without the need for native fatty acid precursors. These strategies offer the potential for sustainable production methods for DHA and EPA via land‐based oilseed crops.
Diffusion tensor imaging of Parkinson's disease, atypical parkinsonism, and essential tremor
Authors: Prodoehl Janey , Li Hong , Planetta Peggy J. , Goetz Christopher G. , Shannon Kathleen M. , Tangonan Ruth , Comella Cynthia L. , Simuni Tanya , Zhou Xiaohong Joe , Leurgans Sue , Corcos Daniel M. , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTDiffusion tensor imaging could be useful in characterizing movement disorders because it noninvasively examines multiple brain regions simultaneously. We report a multitarget imaging approach focused on the basal ganglia and cerebellum in Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and essential tremor and in healthy controls. Seventy‐two subjects were studied with a diffusion tensor imaging protocol at 3 Tesla. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to directly compare groups. Sensitivity and specificity values were quantified for control versus movement disorder (92% sensitivity, 88% specificity), control versus parkinsonism (93% sensitivity, 91% specificity), Parkinson's disease versus atypical parkinsonism (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity), Parkinson's disease versus multiple system atrophy (94% sensitivity, 100% specificity), Parkinson's disease versus progressive supranuclear palsy (87% sensitivity, 100% specificity), multiple system atrophy versus progressive supranuclear palsy (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity), and Parkinson's disease versus essential tremor (92% sensitivity, 87% specificity). The brain targets varied for each comparison, but the substantia nigra, putamen, caudate, and middle cerebellar peduncle were the most frequently selected brain regions across classifications. These results indicate that using diffusion tensor imaging of the basal ganglia and cerebellum accurately classifies subjects diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, atypical parkinsonism, and essential tremor and clearly distinguishes them from control subjects. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Pharmacological treatment of chorea in Huntington's disease–good clinical practice versus evidence‐based guideline
Authors: Reilmann Ralf 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTRecently, the American Academy of Neurology published an evidence‐based guideline for the pharmacological treatment of chorea in Huntington's disease. Although the progress in medical care because of the implementation of criteria of evidence‐based medicine is undisputed, the guideline classifies the level of evidence for drugs to reduce chorea based on anchors in the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale‐Total Motor Score chorea sum score, which were chosen arbitrarily and do not reflect validated or generally accepted levels of clinical relevance. Thus, the guideline faces several serious limitations and delivers clinical recommendations that do not represent current clinical practice; these are reviewed in detail, and arguments are presented why these recommendations should not be followed. To remedy the lack of evidence‐based recommendations and provide guidance to a pragmatic symptomatic therapy of chorea in HD, a flow‐chart pathway that follows currently established clinical standards based on expert opinion is presented. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Muscle weakness, fatigue, and torque variability: Effects of age and mobility status
Authors: Kent‐Braun Jane A. , Callahan Damien M. , Fay Jessica L. , Foulis Stephen A. , Buonaccorsi John P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Whereas deficits in muscle function, particularly power production, develop in old age and are risk factors for mobility impairment, a complete understanding of muscle fatigue during dynamic contractions is lacking. We tested hypotheses related to torque‐producing capacity, fatigue resistance, and variability of torque production during repeated maximal contractions in healthy older, mobility‐impaired older, and young women. Methods: Knee extensor fatigue (decline in torque) was measured during 4 min of dynamic contractions. Torque variability was characterized using a novel 4‐component logistic regression model. Results: Young women produced more torque at baseline and during the protocol than older women (P < 0.001). Although fatigue did not differ between groups (P = 0.53), torque variability differed by group (P = 0.022) and was greater in older impaired compared with young women (P = 0.010). Conclusions: These results suggest that increased torque variability may combine with baseline muscle weakness to limit function, particularly in older adults with mobility impairments. Muscle Nerve 49: 209–217, 2014
Chemical and Functional Characterisation of Propolis Collected from East Andalusia (Southern Spain)
Authors: Kumazawa Shigenori , Bonvehí Josep Serra , Torres Cristina , Mok‐Ryeon Ahn , Bermejo Francisco José Orantes 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionPropolis is a complex mixture of natural sticky, gummy and resinous components produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from plant materials. However, phytochemical data of the Andalusian (southern Spain) propolis are scant.ObjectiveThe primary objectives of this study were to chemically characterise the compounds and evaluate the anti‐oxidant activity found in 28 Andalusian propolis samples.MethodsEthanol extracts of propolis (EEP) were prepared and examined for their anti‐oxidant activity by 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assays. To characterise the phenolic composition, the presence of 11 compounds was identified by HPLC analysis with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection.ResultsAll propolis samples had strong anti‐oxidant activity, accompanied by high total phenolic content. The most abundant compounds were flavonoids. Concerning the phenolic compounds content, our results showed that the 75% of the samples analysed contained at least 80 mg/g of flavonoids, primarily pinobanksin 3‐acetate, pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin and pinobanksin. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester was detected in almost all EEP samples but in smaller proportions (mean 12.9 ± 2.8 mg/g).ConclusionThe present investigation constitutes the first comprehensive report on the phenolics identified in southern Spanish propolis. The results revealed that the samples tested showed a high scavenging activity and therefore indicate the possible use of Andalusian propolis as an important source of natural anti‐oxidants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot evaluation of an automated method to decrease false‐positive signals induced by co‐prescriptions in spontaneous reporting databases
Authors: Avillach Paul , Salvo Francesco , Thiessard Frantz , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Fourrier‐Reglat Annie , Haramburu Françoise , Bégaud Bernard , Moore Nicholas , Pariente Antoine ,   on behalf of l'Association des Centres Régionaux de Pharmacovigilance
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo test an automated method to decrease the number of false‐positive (FP) signals of disproportionate reportings (SDRs) generated by co‐prescription.MethodsAutomated backward stepwise removal of reports concerning the drug associated with the highest ranked SDR for an event was tested for gastric and oesophageal haemorrhages (GOH), central nervous system haemorrhages and cerebrovascular accidents (CNSH), ischaemic coronary artery disorders and muscle pains (MP) using the reporting odds ratio in the French spontaneous reporting research database. After ranking SDRs detected in the complete dataset on the lower limit of the reporting odds ratio 95% confidence interval, reports concerning the drug with the highest ranked SDR were removed. In the dataset thus generated, SDRs were again identified, ranked and reports related to the drug involved in the newly highest ranked SDR removed. The process was repeated until no signal was detected. Initially detected SDRs eliminated using this technique were assessed regarding the summary of products characteristics and the literature to determine their FP nature.ResultsSeventeen SDRs were successively eliminated for GOH, 37 for CNSH, 15 for ischaemic coronary artery disorders, and 36 for MP. Four were FP for GOH, 29 for CNSH, 7 for ACI and none were FP for MP. The positive predictive value of the backward stepwise removal procedure in identifying FP SDRs ranged from 0% (MP) to 78.4% (CNSH).ConclusionsAlthough further adjustment is needed to improve the method presented herein, our results suggest that numerous FP signals because of co‐prescription bias could be eliminated using an automated method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.