bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechatronic system to restore accommodation
Authors: GUTHOFF RF 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Artificial Accommodation system is a mechatronic approach to restoring accommodation. It consists of an autonomous device that will be implanted into the capsular bag of the eye similar to implantation of intraocular lenses today. The device measures accommodation demand and accordingly adjusts its refractive power by means of an integrated active optical element. Realization of this far reaching vision requires development of the respective subsystems, their integration into a small hermetic and biocompatible housing and adapted surgical procedures. Development of subsystems is well under way and first integration steps are being taken starting from macro scale down to target size. In this talk, the concept of the overall system is described and the results obtained for the different subsystems are discussed.
The AkkoLens Lumina accommodative intraocular lens
Authors: ROMBACH M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe AkkoLens Lumina accommodating intraocular lens is located within the ciliary muscle which drives the lens directly; it is not in the capsular bag which has no further role after the implantation. The Lumina is designed to provide ~4D of accommodative power using small movements requiring little force. The Lumina is implanted with a standard butterfly cartridge through a 2.8mm incision making the surgery suture‐free. In ongoing clinical trials, the Lumina has been placed in ~65 eyes with phenomenal results; patients see near, intermediate and far with all the data confirming this. The visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of the Lumina are comparable to the high‐quality monofocal IOL used as the control lens.
Posterior hyaloid findings as visualized by SD OCT
Authors: KRASTEL H , HOFMANN F , BAIER D , KAHLERT CHR , KUZNIAR A , HARDER B , JONAS J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To direct attention to the structures of the posterior hyaloid as visualized by SD OCT, and to improve understanding of vitreo‐retinal biomechanics.Methods Findings were collected from a Wetzlar study cohort of subjects who gave their informed consent to gather experience in vitreal SD OCT. In addition, OCT images were worked up retrospectively from the Mannheim pool of recordings. Exams were performed by the RS 3000 SD OCT (Nidek) or by the Spectralis SD OCT (Heidelberg engineering). Images underwent a modified processing to favour the visualization of vitreous structures.Results Observations range from a completely attached and homogeneous hyaloid with regular foveal profile at the age of 75, to premacular vitreal bursae and intravitreal lacunae, regions of low and high density within an apparently disintegrating hyaloid, intravitreal condensates and supposed cell aggregations. Various patterns of holes within the posterior limitating vitreal membrane appeared in connection with vitreo‐retinal and vitreo‐papillar traction of a partially detached vitreousConclusion OCT visualization of vitreous structures contributes to our understanding of vitreal degradation and vitreo ‐ retinal interaction.
Commercial interest
Apoptosis and proliferation in diabetic eyes
Authors: STEWART EA , SAKER S , AMOAKU WM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of visual loss in the working population and the incidence of diabetes is increasing. In addition, 80% of diabetic patients will show some form of retinopathy after 15 years, even with good glycaemic control. The mechanism of diabetic retinopathy is still not fully understood although hyperglycaemia is the main determinant. Diabetes appears to have contradictory effects on vasculature, causing reduced angiogenesis or increased angiogenesis at different vascular sites.Methods The effect of high glucose (HG) on in vitro proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis of retinal endothelial cells was investigated using relevant assays. Real time PCR was used to quantify signalling responses to high glucose through gene expression of key signalling molecules such as HIF and expression of VEGF.Results HG conditions reduced the proliferation of retinal endothelial cells but no increase in apoptosis was detected, and increased VEGF prevented this response. Gene expression of HIF was increased with HG and that of VEGF decreased dependent on glucose concentration and exposure time.Conclusion Contrary to other research in this area we found that apoptosis may not play the major role in the early phase of DR, and that reduced endothelial cell proliferation precedes apoptosis. Angiogenic signalling induced by hyperglycaemia is complex and requires further elucidation.
Commercial interest
CL1R2 antibody, as well as Bevacizumab, promotes the regression of pathologic retinal neovascularisation in Vldlr knockout mice
Authors: SOLER V , HAMID S , TOLOU C , TRICOIRE C , DAUSSION MA , LE BOUTEILLER P , CASSAGNE M , CALVAS P , MALECAZE F , GALIACY S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Very low‐density lipoprotein receptor mutant mice (Vldlr(‐/‐)) demonstrate retinal neovascularisation. Monoclonal antibody CL1‐R2 recognizes human membrane receptor CD160, which is expressed on activated endothelial cells of neovessels but not in vessels of healthy tissues. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of CL1R2 antibody in Vldlr(‐/‐) mice as a model for exudative age‐related macular degeneration and macular telangiectasia.Methods Thirty Vldlr(‐/‐) mice benefitted at postnatal day (P) 42 from retinal angiography. Mice population was then divided in three groups (ten mice per group). According to the groups, mice underwent intravitreal injection of CL1‐R2 or Bevacizumab or control antibody. At P56, mice benefitted from angiography and were sacrificed.Results At P42, Vldlr(‐/‐) retinas presented with neovascular lesions. At P56, we observed decrease of neovascular lesions in eyes treated with CL1R2 antibody and with bevacizumab. This decrease of neovascular lesions was not observed in control mice.Conclusion CL1R2 antibody, as well as Bevacizumab, promotes the regression of pathologic retinal neovascularization in the Vldlr knockout mouse. As CL1R2 is an activator of NK cells, our result suggest that the activation of NK cells inhibits the development of Vldlr(‐/‐) mice retinal neovascularisation.
Study of endothelial progenitor cells in young diabetic patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: TSILIMBARIS M , SIMANTIRAKI D , KAPSALA Z , TSIKA C , PONTIKOGLOU C , MAMOULAKIS D , PAPADAKI H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Purpose: To evaluate the presence of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood of young patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type I (T1DM).Methods Blood samples were collected and analyzed from 23 individuals: 15 patients with DM (mean DM duration‐years: 13 (range:3‐31)), mean age‐years: 26(9‐45) and 8 controls without DM mean age‐years: 32 (range:10‐41). The presence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) was documented with slit lamp examination and fluorescence angiography, according to the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria. The EPCs were detected with flow cytometry using the following primary antibodies: anti‐CD34, anti‐CD45, anti‐CD133 and anti‐hVEGFR2.Results Progenitor EPCs, defined as CD45‐/CD34+/CD133+/VEGFR2+ cells, were detected in 10/23 samples (mean%: 0.00069, SEM:0.000261). 7/15 patients had EPCs detected in the periphery blood (mean%: 0.000899, SEM:0.000384) . EPCs were detected in all 5 patients with PDR (mean%: 0.000998, SEM:0.000206). Also, 1/5 patients with NPDR (0.0035%) and 1/5 patients without clinically proven DR (0.005%) had detectable EPCs. Finally, circulating EPCs were identified in 3/8 individuals of the control group (mean%: 0.000299, SEM:0.000169).Conclusion CD45‐/CD34+/CD133+/hVEGFR2+ EPCs were detected in the peripheral blood of non diabetic persons and diabetic patients with or without evidence of DR. The clarification of the presence of EPCs in the peripheral blood early in the disease course could potentially offer significant information about the pathophysiology of diabetic microangiopathy.
Diabetic retinopathy and estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The Beijing eye study 2011
Authors: JONAS J , WANG N , XU L , XU JIE , WANG Y , YOU Q 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We tested the hypothesis whether prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy are associated with cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP)Methods The population‐based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.69.8 years. Based on a previous study with lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) measurements, CSFP was calculated as CSFP[mmHg]=0.44xBody Mass Index[kg/m2]+0.16 Diastolic Blood Pressure[mmHg]–0.18xAge[Years]‐1.91.Results In binary regression analysis, presence of diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with higher levels of HbA1c (P<0.001), higher blood concentration of glucose (P<0.001), longer known duration of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.001;), lower diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001), and higher CSFP (P=0.002). Severity of diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with higher HbA1c value (P<0.001), higher blood concentration of glucose (), longer known duration of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001), lower level of education (P=0.001), lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.002), higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.006), and higher CSFP (P=0.006).Conclusion Higher prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy were associated with higher estimated CSFP after adjusting for systemic parameters. Higher CSFP through a higher retinal vein pressure may lead to more marked retinal venous congestion and vascular leakage in diabetic retinae.
Hyperosmolar stress induces TonEBP activation in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells
Authors: LIBERT S , WILLERMAIN F , SALIK D , DELPORTE C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Macular edema, a frequently encountered complication of diabetic retinopathy (DR), results from alterations of the blood retinal barrier (BRB) and leads to modifications of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) functions. Osmolar changes of the surrounding medium could be responsible for some modifications of the RPE functions leading to a disturbance of the retinal homeostasis.Methods To study the modification and stability of the key hyperosmolar response factor Tonicity Enhancer Binding Protein’s (TonEBP) expression in ARPE‐19 cells, derived from human RPE, were submitted to hyperosmolar stress of increasing concentration and for various times.Results In response to hyperosmolar stimulation of ARPE‐19 cells, a dose‐dependent increase in TonEBP mRNA and protein levels, as well as TonEBP nuclear translocation, were observed. Moreover, the mRNA levels of Aldose Reductase (AR) and Sodium‐dependent Taurine Transporter (TauT), two TonEBP target genes required for increasing the intracellular ionic force, increased in a delayed manner following hyperosmolar stimulation. Additionally, SB203580, a p38 protein kinase inhibitor, but not its inactive analogue SB202474, inhibited TonEBP nuclear translocation in ARPE‐19 cells submitted to hyperosmolar stimulation.Conclusion In ARPE‐19 cells submitted to hyperosmolar stress, TonEBP expression is induced, and its nuclear translocation stimulated through a mechanism involving p38 protein kinase activation. It is likely that TonEBP nuclear translocation mediates the increase of AR and TauT expression induced by hyperosmolar stress and plays a role in RPE cells osmoadaptation.
The problem of bacterial resistance in medicine and in ophthalmology
Authors: GRZYBOWSKI A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn 2013 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released its first ever report on antibiotic resistance and pointed that antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious health threats nowdays. The same year report on global risks by the World Economic Forum argued that “the greatest risk … to human health comes in the form of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria”. Although it is mainly caused by agricultural use of antibiotics, the other factors include overuse of antibiotics for systemic infections, inappropriate durations of treatment, prophylactic use of antibiotics, use of subtherapeutic dosages of antibiotics by non‐compliant patients, and misuse of antibiotics for non‐bacterial infections. The most common use of antibiotic in ophthalmology include conjunctivities, intravitreal injections and post‐cataract endophthalmitis prophylaxis. There is increasing number of evidance that their use should be re‐considered and often limited or eliminated. Finally, limiting the use of antibiotics is consistent with both ethics of rationing and ethics of waste avoidance.
The evidence: the intraoperative antibiotic
Authors: BARRY P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe evidence on which the " ESCRS Guidelines on Endophthalmitis prophylaxis following cataract surgery (2013) " is based will be presented. This comprises studies from Sweden, Spain, France, South Africa, Asia, North America and Japan showing a reduction in infection rates reducing by factors of 3 ‐ 22 fold when the intracameral route was introduced. Risks and relative contraindications will also be discussed.
The evidence: pre‐operative and post‐operative antibiotics
Authors: GRZYBOWSKI A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPostoperative endophthalmitis is an ophthalmic surgeon’s most serious complication, as it is related with a high risk of visual loss. As such, many strategies are employed to minimize this possibility including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative strategies. Although most surgeons can justify their approach, there is a paucity of prospective studies, which can serve as true evidence. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the subject of pre‐operative and post‐operative antibiotics used for prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis and to determine the effectiveness of these measures.
FRO 2014: Can Xiaflex® improve glaucoma surgery outcome?
Authors: VAN DE VELDE S , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFailure of glaucoma filtration surgery due to excessive post operative wound healing is still a major problem in the treatment of glaucoma. With this project we want to examine if Xiaflex® is able to reduce fibrosis after glaucoma filtration surgery and in this way may improve surgical outcome.
FRO 2014: Proteomic analysis of posterior capsular plaques and capsules in developmental cataracts
Authors: VAN LOOVEREN J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhen operating children with developmental cataract surgeons are often confronted with an opaque plaque adhering to the inside of the posterior capsule. In a previous study using immunohistochemical analysis we were able to demonstrate that these posterior capsular plaques can contain collagen type II, a type of collagen which was never demonstrated in a human lens before. We also exposed the strong adherence of the anterior hyaloid membrane (containing collagen type II) to the center of the posterior lens capsule indicating a dysgenesis of Berger’s space in these specific cataract cases. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge of the biochemical composition of these posterior capsular plaques and capsules in developmental cataract by using proteomic approaches. We believe these insights will be beneficial to understand cataract formation in these children and ultimately will improve the surgical outcome of cataract surgery in these particular cases with generally worse prognosis.
FRO 2014: Exploring the role of a novel disease gene EML4 in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: VAN SCHIL K , LEROY BP , DE BAERE E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) in a patient with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) revealed a missense mutation in the Echinoderm Microtubule associated protein Like 4 (EML4) gene, affecting a highly conserved amino acid residue. The protein has been shown to be essential for microtubule formation and stabilization, and to interact with ARL6, which has been previously linked to recessive Bardet‐Biedl syndrome. The major aim of this project is to assess the contribution of the EML4 gene to the arRP phenotype observed in this patient and in additional patients with overlapping retinal dystrophies (RDs).
Predictive value of color Doppler imaging of central retinal artery in outcome of corneal graft
Authors: AMAOUCHE N , KOSKAS P , FADLALLAH A , COCHEREAU I , BERGES O , GABISON E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess the value of color Doppler imaging (CDI) of the Central Retinal Artery (CRA) in predicting visual acuity post corneal graft procedures.Methods Forty‐seven eyes of 47 patients with severe corneal disease that require corneal graft were included in a retrospective cohort study. At baseline, CDI were performed for all eyes and hemodynamic parameters of the CRA were measured: Resistive Index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV). All eyes underwent B mode Echography: Analysis of vitreo‐ retinal morphology, macula, and papilla. Inclusion criteria were the following: Corneal graft for any etiology, Best Corrected visual acuity (BCVA) less than 0.8 Log MAR, and no correct visualization of the fundus at preoperative clinical examination.Results 2 DALK (Depth Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty), 2 DSEAK (Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty) and 43 PK (Penetrating Keratoplasty) were performed. After 12 mouths of follow‐up: 41.5% of eyes (Group A) had visual acuity improvement (BCVA equal or superior to 2 lines Log MAR scale compared to baseline) and 58.5 % of eyes (Group B)had no improvement. The mean (SD) PSV was 15.00 ± 8.72 in group A and 11.04 ± 5.39 in the group B with significative difference (p=0.032). The mean (SD) RI was 0.68 ± 0.11 in group A and 0.67 ± 0.06 in the group B with no significative statistical difference (p=0.864). However a Pearson correlation test showed a significative negative correlation between RI and BCVA (p=0.046).Conclusion In eyes with opaque cornea, the RI and PSV of the CRA may reliably predict prognosis in corneal graft. Discovering bad CDI parameters in advance allows avoiding post‐operative disappointments.
Big bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty from the perspective of the novel predescemetic corneal layer
Authors: GOWEIDA M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the intraoperative findings and complications during big bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) based on the newly described predescemetic (Dua layer).Methods A retrospective review of medical records and surgical videos of a series of patients who underwent DALK using the big bubble technique from September 2009 to March 2014.Results One hundred and thirty four eyes were enrolled in this study. Type 1 bubble was achieved in 56 eyes (41.8%) while in 14 eyes (10.4%) type 2 bubble was formed, 2 eyes (1.5%) had mixed bubble. Failure of formation of the big bubble occurred in 62 eyes (46.3%). All eyes with type 1 bubble were completed as DALK with microperforation in 4 eyes. All eyes with type 2 bubble were converted to PKP due to large perforation except 2 eyes were successfully completed as DALK with microperforation in one eye and intact DM in the other.Conclusion Type 2 bubbles are very likely to perforate during removal of the overlying stroma, factors leading to the formation of the thin walled type 2 bubbles should be studied and better strategies to avoid perforation should be adapted.
Bioengineering of endothelial grafts using femtosecond Laser cut corneal lamellae or collagen lenticules, endothelialized with immortalized or hIPSC‐derived endothelial cells
Authors: FOREST F , HE Z , MOULARD A , SUFFEE N , FOREST F , DUMOLLARD JM , PEOC'H M , GAIN P , THURET G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The bioengineering of endothelial grafts appears as a realistic solution to reduce the global scarcity for corneal donation worldwide. We focused our strategies of endothelial bioengineering on the endothelialization of human corneal stromal lamellae with hiPSC‐derived endothelial cells.Methods Human corneas unsuitable for graft but with a normal stroma, were cut into 4 to 7 lamellae of <100 μm thickness with a femtosecond laser (FsL), decellularized from their keratocytes using an optimized protocol (Ethanol/DNAse/SDS) and stored at +4°C. They were compared with collagen I compressed thin discs (RAFT) already described as carrier. Endothelialization was performed with immortalized endothelial cells (ECs) (BAG12) and hIPSC‐derived ECs (also presented during this congress). Efficiency was assessed by determining endothelial cell density (ECD), morphology after alizarin red staining and SEM and immunolabeling for Na/K‐ATPase expression. Transparency was measured using our customized transparometerResults both carriers were evenly endothelialized by B4G12 with similar alizarin red staining and Na/K ATPase expression patterns but higher ECD for stromal lamellae. Transparency was better for stromal lamellae. hIPSC‐derived ECs gave similar characteristicsConclusion Decellularized Fsl cut stromal lamellae seem better than collagen I compressed lenticules for the endothelial bioengineering using hISPC‐derived ECs. Unsuitable human cornea could be therefore “recycled” to increase the pool of available grafts. Grants: ABM2013, AIRE2013
3D reconstruction and segmentation methods for endothelial cell count of stored corneas
Authors: BERNARD A , HOR G , TIFFET T , RANNOU K , GAVET Y , PINOLI JC , ACQUART S , GAIN P , THURET G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Measurement of the endothelial cell density (ECD) is the main criterion to validate the quality of corneal grafts in eye banks. Because of corneal curvature and of deep storage‐induced endothelial folds, parallax errors may result in ECD overestimation. We designed a software with 3D reconstruction and optimized segmentation methods to improve cell count reliabilityMethods After acquisition of endothelial Z stacks by conventional motorized bright field microscopy, a depth map was obtained by researching maximized measurements of the focus in images (shape‐from‐focus method). Texture of the surface was built by summing image parts presenting the right focus leadind to an all‐in‐focus image. By calculating first derivative in all directions of depth map, precise estimation of cells in folds surfaces could be found. In order to improve and facilitate the cell count, a segmentation method based on watershed technique was applied on the texture image. Taking account of the new 3D area, a precise corrected ECD (cECD) could be calculated. We validated the cECD by comparison with ECD obtained manually by an expert. Two types of images were used: the Keratotest (cells boundaries engraved on a quartz wafer) and real endothelial images. Two parameters were compared: quality of cells borders recognition (correct shapes) and ECD.Results Comparison results showed the relevance of these algorithms for both criteria. Automation of processing allowed gain of time compared to manual estimationConclusion 3D endothelial count can be useful to improve corneas selection in eye banks. Grant: ANR2012 CORIMMO3D