bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atom Probe Tomography Investigation of Clustering in Model P2O5-Doped Borosilicate Glasses for Nuclear Waste Vitrification
Authors: Klupś Przemyslaw , Skerratt-Love Katrina , Kruger Albert A , George Jaime , Bell Anthony Martin Thomas , Bingham Paul A , Moody Michael P , Bagot Paul A J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) has been utilized to investigate the microstructure of two model borosilicate glasses designed to understand the solubility limits of phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5). This component is found in certain high-level radioactive defence wastes destined for vitrification, where phase separation can potentially lead to a number of issues relating to the processing of the glass and its long-term chemical and structural stability. The development of suitable focused ion beam (FIB)-preparation routes and APT analysis conditions were initially determined for the model glasses, before examining their detailed microstructures. In a 3.0 mol% P2O5-doped glass, both visual inspection and sensitive statistical analysis of the APT data show homogeneous microstructures, while raising the content to 4.0 mol% initiates the formation of phosphorus-enriched nanoscale precipitates. This study confirms the expected inhomogeneities and phase separation of these glasses and offers routes to characterizing these at near-atomic scale resolution using APT.
Spectral redundancy for calibrating interferometers and suppressing the foreground wedge in 21 cm cosmology
Authors: Cox Tyler A , Parsons Aaron R , Dillon Joshua S , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Pascua Robert 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Observations of 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen promise to be an exciting new probe of astrophysics and cosmology during the Cosmic Dawn and through the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) to when dark energy accelerates the expansion of our Universe. At each of these epochs, separating bright foregrounds from the cosmological signal is a primary challenge that requires exquisite calibration. In this paper, we present a new calibration method called nucal that extends redundant-baseline calibration, allowing spectral variation in antenna responses to be solved for by using correlations between visibilities measuring the same angular Fourier modes at different frequencies. By modelling the chromaticity of the beam-weighted sky with a tunable set of discrete prolate spheroidal sequences, we develop a calibration loop that optimizes for spectrally smooth calibrated visibilities. Crucially, this technique does not require explicit models of the sky or the primary beam. With simulations that incorporate realistic source and beam chromaticity, we show that this method solves for unsmooth bandpass features, exposes narrow-band interference systematics, and suppresses smooth-spectrum foregrounds below the level of 21 cm reionization models, even within much of the so-called wedge region where current foreground mitigation techniques struggle. We show that this foreground subtraction can be performed with minimal cosmological signal loss for certain well-sampled angular Fourier modes, making spectral-redundant calibration a promising technique for current and next-generation 21 cm intensity mapping experiments.
Eccentricity and inclination of massive planets inside low-density cavities: results of 3D simulations
Authors: Romanova M M , Koldoba A V , Ustyugova G V , Espaillat C , Lovelace R V E 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We study the evolution of eccentricity and inclination of massive planets in low-density cavities of protoplanetary discs using three-dimensional (3D) simulations. When the planet’s orbit is aligned with the equatorial plane of the disc, the eccentricity increases to high values of 0.7–0.9 due to the resonant interaction with the inner parts of the disc. For planets on inclined orbits, the eccentricity increases due to the Kozai–Lidov mechanism, where the disc acts as an external massive body, which perturbs the planet’s orbit. At small inclination angles, ${\lesssim}30^\circ$, the resonant interaction with the inner disc strongly contributes to the eccentricity growth, while at larger angles, eccentricity growth is mainly due to the Kozai–Lidov mechanism. We conclude that planets inside low-density cavities tend to acquire high eccentricity if favourable conditions give sufficient time for growth. The final value of the planet’s eccentricity after the disc dispersal depends on the planet’s mass and the properties of the cavity and protoplanetary disc.
IL-13Rα2/TGF-β bispecific CAR-T cells counter TGF-β-mediated immune suppression and potentiate anti-tumor responses in glioblastoma
Authors: Hou Andrew J , Shih Ryan M , Uy Benjamin R , Shafer Amanda , Chang ZeNan L , Comin-Anduix Begonya , Guemes Miriam , Galic Zoran , Phyu Su , Okada Hideho , Grausam Katie B , Breunig Joshua J , Brown Christine E , Nathanson David A , Prins Robert M , Chen Yvonne Y 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies targeting glioblastoma (GBM)-associated antigens such as interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13Rα2) have achieved limited clinical efficacy to date, in part due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by inhibitory molecules such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The aim of this study was to engineer more potent GBM-targeting CAR-T cells by countering TGF-β-mediated immune suppression in the TME.

Methods
We engineered a single-chain, bispecific CAR targeting IL-13Rα2 and TGF-β, which programs tumor-specific T cells to convert TGF-β from an immunosuppressant to an immunostimulant. Bispecific IL-13Rα2/TGF-β CAR-T cells were evaluated for efficacy and safety against both patient-derived GBM xenografts and syngeneic models of murine glioma.

Results
Treatment with IL-13Rα2/TGF-β CAR-T cells leads to greater T-cell infiltration and reduced suppressive myeloid cell presence in the tumor-bearing brain compared to treatment with conventional IL-13Rα2 CAR-T cells, resulting in improved survival in both patient-derived GBM xenografts and syngeneic models of murine glioma.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that by reprogramming tumor-specific T-cell responses to TGF-β, bispecific IL-13Rα2/TGF-β CAR-T cells resist and remodel the immunosuppressive TME to drive potent anti-tumor responses in GBM.
Seawater barium and sulfide removal improved marine habitability for the Cambrian Explosion of early animals
Authors: Wei Wei , Dong Lin-Hui , Xiao Shuhai , Lin Yi-Bo , Xu Lingang , Wei Guang-Yi , Wang Wenzhong , Tian Lan-Lan , Wei Hai-Zhen , Huang Fang 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
An increase in atmospheric pO2 has been proposed as a trigger for the Cambrian Explosion at ∼539–514 Ma but the mechanistic linkage remains unclear. To gain insights into marine habitability for the Cambrian Explosion, we analysed excess Ba contents (Baexcess) and isotope compositions (δ138Baexcess) of ∼521-Myr-old metalliferous black shales in South China. The δ138Baexcess values vary within a large range and show a negative logarithmic correlation with Baexcess, suggesting a major (&gt;99%) drawdown of oceanic Ba inventory via barite precipitation. Spatial variations in Baexcess and δ138Baexcess indicate that Ba removal was driven by sulfate availability that was ultimately derived from the upwelling of deep seawaters. Global oceanic oxygenation across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition may have increased the sulfate reservoir via oxidation of sulfide and concurrently decreased the Ba reservoir by barite precipitation. The removal of both H2S and Ba that are deleterious to animals could have improved marine habitability for early animals.
Eighteen-Month Outcomes Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Reproductive-Aged People Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Bebell Lisa M , Woolley Ann E , James Kaitlyn E , Kim Andy , Joyc Mary-Ruth , Gray Kathryn J , Radford Caitlin , Bassett Ingrid V , Boatin Adeline A , Ciaranello Andrea L , Yawetz Sigal , Edlow Andrea G , Goldfarb Ilona T , Diouf Khady 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Physiologic and immunologic adaptations in pregnancy may increase the risk of adverse outcomes from respiratory viral infections. However, data are limited on longer-term outcomes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnancy prior to widespread vaccine availability.

Methods
Using electronic health record data, we retrospectively compared 6-, 12-, and 18-month outcomes including death and rehospitalization between pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive-aged individuals hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection between 2020 and 2021 at 2 academic referral hospitals.

Results
There were 190 nonpregnant and 70 pregnant participants. Mean age was 31 years for pregnant and 34 years for nonpregnant participants. For pregnant patients, mean gestational age at coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis was 36 weeks, 54% delivered by cesarean, and 97% delivered a live birth. Compared to pregnant participants, nonpregnant participants had a higher prevalence of baseline comorbidities and a higher proportion received mechanical ventilation (84% vs 55%). Index hospitalization complications (31% vs 17%) and mortality (3% vs 0%) were more common in nonpregnant participants. Over 18 months following index hospitalization, 39 (21%) nonpregnant and 5 (7%) pregnant participants were readmitted, most for infection (28/44 [64%]). Most readmissions occurred within 6 months. There were no posthospitalization deaths in the pregnant group.

Conclusions
Pregnant people with severe COVID-19 disease had a low rate of severe adverse outcomes after index hospitalization. The low readmission rate is reassuring that pregnant individuals may not be at higher risk for long-term severe adverse health outcomes after COVID-19 compared to the nonpregnant reproductive-aged population, possibly because any increased risk conferred by pregnancy resolves soon after delivery.
Similar Limited Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Infection in Vaccinated Individuals With HIV and Comparable Controls
Authors: Verburgh Myrthe L , Boyd Anders , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , Bakker Margreet , Wit Ferdinand W N M , van der Valk Marc , Grobben Marloes , van Pul Lisa , Tejjani Khadija , van Rijswijk Jacqueline , van Gils Marit J , Kootstra Neeltje A , van der Hoek Lia , Reiss Peter ,   AGEhIV Cohort Study, Reiss P , Wit F W N M , van der Valk M , Boyd A , Verburgh M L , van der Wulp I A J , Vanbellinghen M C , van Eeden C J , Schim van der Loeff M F , Koole J C D , del Grande L , Agard I , Zaheri S , Hillebregt M M J , Ruijs Y M C , Benschop D P , el Berkaoui A , Boyd A , Wit F W N M , Kootstra N A , Harskamp-Holwerda A M , Maurer I , Mangas Ruiz M M , Boeser-Nunnink B D N , Starozhitskaya O S , van der Hoek L , Bakker M , van Gils M J , Dol L , Rongen G , Geerlings S E , Goorhuis A , Hovius J W R , Nellen F J B , Prins J M , van der Poll T , van der Valk M , Wiersinga W J , van Vugt M , de Bree G , Lemkes B A , Spoorenberg V , Wit F W N M , van Eden J , Pijnappel F J J , Weijsenfeld A , Smalhout S , Hylkema - van den Bout I J , Bruins C , Spelbrink M E , Postema P G , Bisschop P H L T , Dekker E , van der Velde N , Franssen R , Willemsen J M R , Vogt L , Portegies P , Geurtsen G J , Visser I , Schadé A , Nieuwkerk P T , van Steenwijk R P , Jonkers R E , Majoie C B L M , Caan M W A , van den Born B J H , Stroes E S G , van Oorspronk S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infection in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) with vaccine-induced or hybrid immunity. We assessed the incidence of Omicron infection in 209 AGEhIV coronavirus disease 2019 substudy participants with well-controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy and 280 comparable controls, who had received at least the primary vaccination series.

Methods
From September 2020 onward, participants were assessed every 6 months for the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, per SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay or self-reported positive antigen or polymerase chain reaction test. Between 1 January and 31 October 2022, the cumulative incidence of Omicron infection and associated risk factors were estimated using a conditional risk-set Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
The cumulative incidence of a first Omicron infection was 58.3% by 31 October 2022, not significantly different between groups. HIV status was not independently associated with acquiring Omicron infection. Former and current smoking, as well as an increased predicted anti-spike immunoglobulin G titer were significantly associated with a lower risk of Omicron infection. The majority of infections were symptomatic, but none required hospitalization.

Conclusions
People with well-controlled HIV and controls in our cohort experienced a similarly high proportion of Omicron infections. More booster vaccinations significantly reduced the risk of infection.
Clinical Trial Registration. NCT01466582
A Meta-analysis to Quantify the Risk of Disseminated Gonococcal Infection With Porin B Serotype
Authors: Welch Geoffrey , Reed George W , Rice Peter A , Ram Sanjay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The escalating rates of gonorrhea globally are associated with higher numbers of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Expression of the PorB1A allele of the major outer membrane porin protein, PorB, is associated with DGI. This meta-analysis shows that the odds of PorB1A strains to disseminate is 20.53 compared to PorB1B isolates.
Baseline C-reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Cryptococcal Meningitis and Death in HIV-associated Cryptococcal Antigenemia With CrAg Titer as an Effect Modifier
Authors: Skipper Caleb P , Kirumira Paul , Dai Biyue , Wele Abduljewad , Naluyima Rose , Namuli Teopista , Turya Fred , Muhumuza Patrick , Kibengo Freddie , Boulware David R , Meya David B , Nalintya Elizabeth , Rajasingham Radha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Persons with HIV and cryptococcal antigenemia are at high risk of progression to cryptococcal meningitis or death. Baseline cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) plasma titer ≥1:160 is a known risk factor for poor outcomes, but other risk factors are unknown. In HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, baseline serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are positively associated with increased mortality. We hypothesized that CRP might also be associated with meningitis or death in persons with cryptococcal antigenemia.

Methods
We measured plasma CrAg titers and CRP concentrations on cryopreserved serum from prospectively enrolled persons with HIV and cryptococcal antigenemia. Using time-to-event analyses, we compared 24-week meningitis-free survival in persons with normal CRP (&lt;8 mg/L) and elevated CRP (≥8 mg/L). Logistic regression was used to assess how CRP concentration and CrAg titer might interact as covariates.

Results
Of the 94 persons with elevated CRP, 19 (20.2%) developed meningitis or death, whereas of the 88 persons with normal CRP, 8 (9.1%) developed meningitis or death (P = .035). Persons with CrAg titer &lt;1:160 and normal CRP had an ∼5% (3/61) event rate, whereas those with CrAg titer &lt;1:160 but elevated CRP had an ∼20% (12/59) event rate. Importantly, we identified a statistically significant interaction effect between CrAg titer and CRP groups, in which elevated CRP increased risk in the low CrAg titer group (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–2.04), but this effect was not present in high CrAg titer group (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, .53–1.15).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that CrAg titer may modify the direction of effect of CRP with meningitis-free survival; future studies should account for this interaction.
PICKLE and HISTONE DEACETYLASE6 coordinately regulate genes and transposable elements in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Qingche , Li Qingzhu , Li Yanzhuo , Lv Yanfang , Liu Yue , Cao Ying , Wang Huamei , Chen Xiangsong , Yang Hongchun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chromatin dynamics play essential roles in transcriptional regulation. The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding domain 3 chromatin remodeler PICKLE (PKL) and HISTONE DEACETYLASE6 (HDA6) are required for transcriptional gene silencing, but their coordinated function in gene repression requires further study. Through a genetic suppressor screen, we found that a point mutation at PKL could partially restore the developmental defects of a weak Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) mutant (ring1a-2 ring1b-3), in which RING1A expression is suppressed by a T-DNA insertion at the promoter. Compared to ring1a-2 ring1b-3, the expression of RING1A is increased, nucleosome occupancy is reduced, and the histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) level is increased at the RING1A locus in the pkl ring1a-2 ring1b-3 triple mutant. HDA6 interacts with PKL and represses RING1A expression similarly to PKL genetically and molecularly in the ring1a-2 ring1b-3 background. Furthermore, we show that PKL and HDA6 suppress the expression of a set of genes and transposable elements (TEs) by increasing nucleosome density and reducing H3K9ac. Genome-wide analysis indicated they possibly coordinately maintain DNA methylation as well. Our findings suggest that PKL and HDA6 function together to reduce H3K9ac and increase nucleosome occupancy, thereby facilitating gene/TE regulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
Impact of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine ratio from 0.85 to 1.15 and water-based arginine supplementation on growth performance and gut integrity of weaned pigs
Authors: Hagen Chloe , Humphrey Dalton , Wileman Caitlyn , Haydon Keith , Greiner Laura 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to assess the influence of arginine (Arg) supplementation in water and/or feed on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of newly weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty pigs (5.06 kg; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly allocated into 80 mixed-sex pens (3 pigs/pen) and subjected to a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two levels of Arg were supplemented in water (0% or 8% stock, dosed through a 1:128 proportioner) for the first phase (days 0 to 7), and four dietary arginine levels (0.85, 0.95, 1.05, and 1.15) standardized ileal digestible (SID) Arg to Lysine (Lys) ratios for the first two phases (days 0 to 7 and 7 to 21). All treatments were provided a common diet (0.96 SID Arg:Lys) for the last phase days 21 to 42. One pig per pen underwent a dual sugar absorption test of lactulose at 500 mg/kg and mannitol at 50 mg/kg of body weight (BW) via gastric tube on days 7 and 21 postweaning, with blood plasma collected 4 h later. The pig tested on day 7 was subsequently euthanized for intestinal tissue collection. Pen growth performance and feed disappearance were evaluated for 3 phases: days 0 to 7, 7 to 21, and 21 to 42 postweaning. The statistical analysis used linear models to examine the effects of SID Arg:Lys in the feed, Arg level in water, and their interactions, with pen as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SID Arg:Lys in the diet. Growth performance during the first period exhibited variability, reflected by negative gain-to-feed (G:F) ratios, caused by the enteric health challenge. Consequently, data were analyzed separately for each phase. Increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys caused a linear improvement (P = 0.04) in final BW (18.47 and 21.90 kg, for 0.85 and 1.15 SID Arg:Lys, respectively). A trend (P = 0.09) suggested a linear impact of dietary SID Arg:Lys on average daily gain during days 21 to 42. Arg supplementation, whether administered through water or diet, did not affect lactulose and mannitol absorption on both days 7 and 21, nor did it alter histological measurements in the collected ileum tissues on day 7 postweaning. In conclusion, increasing dietary SID Arg:Lys increased final BW but had no clear impacts on intestinal health within the parameters measured, potentially impacted by the rotavirus diagnosis in the first week post-wean.
Dispute resolution in aircraft finance: question and solutions within the international regulatory context
Authors: Trimarchi Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aviation industry has reached a strategic relevance for countries worldwide such that its impact on the global economy cannot be under-estimated. It might be surprising to hear that, notwithstanding such innate international character, generally, aviation disputes are still solved through national jurisdictional channels. Aircraft finance transactions and disputes not only are highly international in nature but also strongly depend on technical nature and specific financial aspects and are in need of a certain degree of expertise on the side of the adjudicatory body. In this light, there have been ever more instances of aviation-specific arbitration courts being established with the objective to ensure efficiency and time-sensitive and expert dispute settlement mechanisms for aviation finance disputes. This article not only addresses the elements of such aviation courts but also examines the current legal regime and challenges arising from the 2001 Cape Town Convention and national laws.
Questionnaire to Survey Cosmetic Outcomes in Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Miyo Masaaki , Takemasa Ichiro , Okuya Koichi , Ito Tatsuya , Akizuki Emi , Ogawa Tadashi , Noda Ai , Ishii Masayuki , Miura Ryo , Ichihara Momoko , Toyota Maho , Kimura Akina , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives:
There has been a steady increase in the use of minimally invasive surgery, including conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery (MLS) and single-site laparoscopic surgery (SLS) for colorectal cancer. We aimed to evaluate how important the cosmetic outcome, one of the advantages of SLS, is to patients and whether SLS reflects social needs.

Methods:
We used a web-based questionnaire to survey nonmedical and medical workers for what factors were considered on the assumption that respondents undergo colorectal cancer surgery and that the most important person for them undergoes. Five items (curability, safety, pain, length of hospital stay, and cosmetic outcomes) were compared. After paired photographs before and after SLS and MLS were shown, perceptions of body image and cosmesis were assessed using a visual analog scale.

Results:
This study included a total of 1352 respondents (990 nonmedical and 362 medical). Curability had the highest score (49.9–53.7 points), followed by safety (23.8–24.7 points). The scores for cosmetic outcomes (6.2–7.1 points) were almost equal to those of the length of hospital stay (6.2–7.1 points), which was associated with medical costs and pain (10.0–11.1 points), one of the main reasons for fear of surgery. Participants who were female, younger, and in the nonmedical group placed great importance on cosmetic outcomes. For all questions regarding body image and cosmesis, SLS had superior scores compared with MLS.

Conclusions:
Understandably, curability, and safety were most important in colorectal cancer surgery. However, medical workers should consider cosmetic outcomes, even in malignant cases.