bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Your kids are so stinkin' cute! :-): Complimenting behavior on Facebook among family and friends
Authors: Placencia María Elena , Lower Amanda 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper examines complimenting behavior directed at members of one Facebook network of family and friends in the United States. It proposes a way of selecting a corpus for analysis within the online environment under scrutiny and offers a preliminary characterization of Facebook compliments in American English in relation to the form compliments take, common objects of complimenting and the key function(s) that they perform. As part of a multimodal system of communication, compliments on Facebook are described as a kind of second-pair part of photo-initiated communication online that can be employed to reaffirm the relationship and strengthen the bonds between the interactants.
The paper also explores the extent to which complimenting behavior on Facebook resembles usage that has been described for American English in face-to-face interaction. It shows that complimenting behavior on Facebook is the same in some ways but also different. The differences identified appear to be mainly related to the medium of interaction and the affordances (and restrictions) of the technology that can give rise to variations of talk and perhaps even new social practices.
Vemurafenib (PLX4032, Zelboraf®), a BRAF Inhibitor, Modulates ABCB1-, ABCG2-, and ABCC10-Mediated Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Saurabh G. Vispute  , Jun-Jiang Chen  , Yue-Li Sun  , Kamlesh S. Sodani  , Satyakam Singh  , Yihang Pan  , Tanaji Talele  , Charles R. Ashby Jr  , Zhe-Sheng Chen  
Published: November 2013

In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of vemurafenib, a specific inhibitor of V600E mutated BRAFenzyme, on the response of cells overexpressing the ATP binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters ABCG2, ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCC10. Vemurafenib, at 5 µM and 20 µM, produced a significant concentration-dependent increase in the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in cells overexpressing ABCB1 and ABCC10 and mitoxantrone in cells overexpressing ABCG2. Vemurafenib also significantly enhanced the accumulation of paclitaxel in cell lines overexpressing ABCB1 and ABCC10. Vemurafenib significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of mitoxantrone in cells overexpressing ABCG2. In contrast, vemurafenib did not significantly alter the sensitivity of ABCC1 overexpressing HEK/ABCC1 cells to vincristine. Finally, as determined by Western blotting, vemurafenib (20 µM) did not significantly alter the expression of the proteins for ABCG2, ABCC10 or ABCB1. Thus, vemurafenib most likely reverses multidrug resistance by altering the transport function of these aforementioned ABC transporters, as opposed to affecting the expression of ABC proteins. The docking analysis of vemurafenib with the ABCB1 homology model also suggested that vemurafenib binds to the ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug binding site. These findings suggest that combination of specific inhibitors like vemurafenib with chemotherapeutic drugs may be used to overcome multidrug resistance in cells that overexpress ABCB1, ABCC10 and/or ABCG2 transporters.
Catalyst Activity and Selectivity in the Isomerising Alkoxycarbonylation of Methyl Oleate
Authors: Christl Josefine T. , Roesle Philipp , Stempfle Florian , Wucher Philipp , Göttker‐Schnetmann Inigo , Müller Gerhard , Mecking Stefan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of unsymmetrical diphosphine ligands (3 a–g) with an o‐tolyl backbone and tert‐butyl, adamantyl, cyclohexyl and isopropyl substituents on the phosphorus moiety is described (1,2‐(CH2PR2)(PR′2)C6H4; 3 a: R=tBu, R′=tBu, 3 b: R=tBu, R′=Cy, 3 c: R=tBu, R′=iPr, 3 d: R=Ad, R′=tBu, 3 e: R=Ad, R′=Cy, 3 f: R=Cy, R′=Cy, 3 g: R=Ad, R′=Ad). The corresponding diphosphine–PdII ditriflate complexes [(P^P)Pd(OTf)2] (5 a–g) were prepared and structurally characterised by X‐ray crystallography. These new complexes were studied as catalyst precursors in the isomerising methoxycarbonylation of methyl oleate, and were found to convert methyl oleate into the corresponding linear α,ω‐diester (L) with 70–80 % selectivity. The products of this catalytic reaction with the known [{1,2‐(tBu2PCH2)2C6H4}Pd(OTf)2] complex (5 h) were fully analysed, and revealed the formation of the linear α,ω‐diester (L, 89.0 %), the methyl‐branched diester B1 (4.3 %), the ethyl‐branched diester B2 (1.0 %), the propyl‐branched diester B3 (0.6 %) and all diesters from butyl‐ to hexadecyl‐branched diesters B4–B16 (overall 4.8 %) at 90 °C and 20 bar CO. The productivity of the catalytic conversion of methyl oleate with complexes 5 a–g varied with the steric bulk of the alkyl substituent on the phosphorus. Ligands with more bulky groups, like tert‐butyl or adamantyl (e.g., 5 a, 5 d, 5 g), were more productive systems. The formation of the catalytically active hydride species [(P^P)Pd(H)(MeOH)]+ (6‐MeOH) was investigated and observed directly for complexes 5 a–e and 5 g, respectively. These hydride species were isolated as the corresponding triphenylphosphine complexes (6‐PPh3) and fully characterised, including by X‐ray crystallography. The catalytic productivity of 6 a‐PPh3 was virtually identical to that of 5 a, thereby confirming the efficient hydride formation of 5 a under catalytic conditions.
NMR spectroscopy of the heart: Part II
Authors: Fralix Teresa A. , Balaban Robert S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNMR spectroscopy is now a practical tool for analyzing myocardial biochemistry and structure. The technical aspects of performing biochemical measurements on the heart, as well as the information that can be obtained from various magnetic nuclides, are reviewed in this article. Special consideration is given to turnover of labelled compounds, cardiac energetics, and models of ischemic heart disease.
Spot Test Detection of Amino Groups in Organic Compounds Based on Pyrolytic Formation of Formaldehyde‐Schiff Bases
Authors: Feigl F. , Jungreis E. , Ben‐Dor L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA preliminary spot test for the detection of amino groups is outlined. The test is based on the formation of a Schiff‐base between the amino compounds and hexamethylenetetramine with liberation of ammonia. The latter can be easily detected by well known methods. The condensation is carried out pyrolytically since hexamine undergoes some hydrolysis itself and since some compounds do not react in the wet way at all. Some exceptions were observed and are indicated. The procedure is given followed by a list of compounds yielding positive results.
The Relative Rates of Reaction of Sodium with Some Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Authors: Orchin M. , Blatchford J. K. , Shupack S. I. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Na‐Hg amalgam consisting of 40 weight percent sodium which is liquid at room temperature readily metalates all polynuclear hydrocarbons in the presence of active ether solvents. This system made possible a determination of the relative rates of addition of sodium to polycyclic hydrocarbons. In the present study, various hydrocarbons reacted with decreasing rates as follows: o‐terphenyl ≅ p‐terphenyl ≫ anthracene > naphthalene > biphenyl > phenanthrene > m‐terphenyl. At equilibrium, the gram atoms of sodium consumed per mole of hydrocarbon by the seven polycyclic compounds listed above in the order given was: 2.0; 2.0; 1.8; 1.0; 0.4; 1.24; and 1.0.
Selective Reductions: II. The Reaction of Lithium Tri‐t‐Butoxyaluminohydride with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups
Authors: Brown H. C. , Weissman P. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA systematic study was made of the rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of lithium tri‐t‐butoxyaluminohydride in tetrahydrofuran solution at 0° with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups in order to establish the utility of the reagent as a selective reducing agent. Aldehydes and ketones are rapidly reduced, with no complications introduced by the presence of a conjugated double bond, as in cinnamaldehyde. Epoxides are reduced slowly, with styrene oxide and 1,2‐butylene oxide yielding the secondary alcohol exclusively. Acid chlorides and acid anhydrides are rapidly reduced with the up‐take of two moles of hydride per mole of organic reactant. Esters and lactones react more slowly, and no reduction occurs with carboxylic acids under these conditions. Of the nitrogen derivatives examined, phenyl isocyanate undergoes reaction, nitropropane and pyridine oxide are slowly reduced, whereas no reduction is observed for amides, nitriles, oximes, nitrobenzene, azobenzene, azoxybenzene and pyridine. Finally, disulfides are reduced at a moderate rate and cyclohexyl tosylate at a slow rate but sulfoxides, sulfones and sulfonic acids are not attacked by the reagent. Hydroxylic compounds react to liberate hydrogen. However, the yield of hydrogen is usually diminished by a competing reaction in which the hydroxylic compound displaces t‐butyl alcohol from the reagent, the latter failing to liberate hydrogen under these conditions.
Direct Spectrochemical Determination of Some Rare Earth Elements in Uranium
Authors: Schoenfeld Irena 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA spectrochemical analysis of uranium for samarium and europium, without prior separation is presented. The method is based on excitation of uranium in the chloride form with potassium chloride as buffer and by use of 4A DC‐arc excitation. Under these conditions it is possible to overcome the difficulties arising from the complex spectrum and heavy background of uranium. The limits of detection for europium and samarium are 5 and 20 ppm, respectively; the coefficient of variation for Eu and Sm is about 25% for a single determination. The visually established limit of detection for gadolinium and dysprosium is 50 ppm.
Oxidation of High‐Melting Organic Compounds by Potassium Chlorate
Authors: Weinstein M. , Amar D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe oxidation of anthracene, 9,9′‐bianthryl and 1,1,2,2‐tetraphenyl‐ 1,2‐bis (9,10‐dihydro‐anthracenyl‐9) ethane (TPDAE) by potassium chlorate and perchlorate, in the presence of vanadium pentoxide, was studied both by a batch method in closed ampoules and by gravimetry. The reactions took place with the participation of the gaseous phase while certain stages seem to be solid‐solid processes.
A Soluble ATP‐ASE from Bean Roots Stimulated by Monovalent Cations
Authors: Neumann J. , Gruener N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe activity of ATP‐ase activity in bean roots homogenate was tested by following the release of 32Pi from γ‐labelled ATP. It was found that most of the enzymatic activity resides in the soluble fraction. The soluble enzyme requires Mg or Ca for activity and is further highly stimulated by some monovalent cations. The enzyme is compared with the “transport” ATP‐ase located in membranes of various animal tissues and with other enzymatic systems which split ATP.
Organotin Polyesters and Polyethers — Synthesis and Biocidal Properties
Authors: Migdal S. , Gertner D. , Zilkha A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPoly‐tributyl and ‐triphenyltin esters or ethers were prepared by reaction of various natural and synthetic polymers containing carboxyl, sulfonic or hydroxyl groups with organotin chlorides, hydroxides or oxides. The biocidal properties of the polymers were investigated.
The Solvolysis and Rearrangement of Benzyl Arenesulfinates
Authors: Braverman S. , Steiner S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA kinetic study of the solvolysis and rearrangement of p‐methoxybenzyl arenesulfinates was made. In contrast to the sulfur‐oxygen bond fission mechanism which prevails for benzyl arenesulfinates, a carbon‐oxygen bond fission by an ionization mechanism was found for the corresponding p‐methoxybenzyl esters.
Polarographic Oxidation of Diaminopyrimidines
Authors: Cohen D. , Koenigsbuch M. , Sprecher M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe polarographic oxidation of 2, 5‐diaminopyrimidine (IV) and 4,5‐diaminopyrimidine (V) at the rotating Pt microelectrode in aqueous buffered solutions was studied. The effects of varying concentrations, temperature, pH, buffer concentration, rate of rotation of electrode and rate of scanning of potential were determined. The limiting currents are diffusion controlled and proportional to concentration up to 1 × 10−3 M for (IV) and 2 × 10−4 M for (V). The overall reaction is irreversible and probably involves two electrons per molecule to give an unstable product with a quinonimine structure. The dependence of E½ on pH in the anodic polarography of twelve more polyamino‐ and aminohydroxy‐pyrimidines was determined. Hückel type MO calculations were carried out for the pyrimidines and the energies calculated for the highest occupied MOs were correlated with E°½ values.
NMR and Mass Spectra of Conformational Isomers of 2‐Methylpentane‐2,4‐Diol Sulfite
Authors: Sarel S. , Usieli Varda 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFrom the ester exchange reaction between 2‐methylpentane‐2.4‐diol and dimethyl sulfite, two isomeric cyclic sulfites were isolated in a 3 to 2 ratio. On the basis of IR and NMR data it was concluded that the isomers exist in the rigid chair conformation and the isomerism springs from the pyramidal SO orientation. An axial SO is assigned to the liquid isomer (predominant) and an equatorial SO to the solid compound (minor). The 25 ev mass spectra of the two isomers at room temperature is herein described.
Thermal Analysis of Ammonium Perchlorate and of its Mixtures with Inorganic Substances
Authors: Simchen A.E. , Inbar‐Rozem Livia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSolid mixtures containing ammonium perchlorate diluted with reputedly inert substances SiC, SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and the salts: KCl, NaCl, BaCO3, CaCO3 respectively were studied by TGA and DTA. Undiluted NH4ClO4 and the perchlorates of K, Na, Ba, Ca were also examined. The two known temperature regions of NH4 ClO4 thermolysis were confirmed. The first DTA exotherm of NH4ClO4 seems to be related to its limited decomposition; it can be suppressed by an ammonia atmosphere, by thermal cycles, or by heat‐dissipating conditions. The second exotherm is related to the change of the decomposition mechanism of HClO4 above 330°. TGA rate curves of stoichiometric mixtures of NHClO4 with salts show two peaks due to decomposition of NH4ClO4 and one peak due to the MeClO4 formed on heating. The formation of MeClO4 is confirmed by visual observations and by DTA. Thermal cycles followed by DTA of stoichiometric mixtures of (NH4ClO4 + KCl), (NH4ClO4 + BaCO3) reveal the systematic formation of MeClO4 at the expense of NH4ClO4. For (NH4ClO4 + NaCl), (NH4ClO4 + CaCO3) there appear in the vicinity of the transition endotherm of NH4ClO4 new reversible endotherms difcontaining NH4ClO4. Only after their thermal decomposition do the transition endotherms of MeClO4 appear.
Reactions of Fluorine Nitrate with Lewis Acids
Authors: Shamir J. , Yellin D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFNO3 reacts with BF3, PF5, AsF5 and SbF5, to form white solids identified as nitryl salts of general formula NO2+X−. Molecular oxygen is released during the reaction. The structure of these solids and identification of the oxygen were supported by the Raman spectra, gas pressure measurements and molecular weight.
Pyrolytic Reactions of Carbohydrates. Part II. Thermal Decomposition of D‐Glucose
Authors: Houminer Y. , Patai S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of D‐glucose has been studied in vacuo at 175–275°C. The products were analyzed and their origin involving the various carbon atoms was studied, using glucose samples labelled at various positions with 14C. Mechanisms for dehydration and fragmentation processes are discussed.
Studies on the Stability of Calcium Sulphoaluminate
Authors: Ben‐Yair M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHigh calcium sulpho‐aluminate (3CaO. Al2O3. 3CaSO4. 31H2O—C.S.A.) is a deterioration product of Portland cement found in concrete. It is formed by the attack of sulphate solutions on two of the Portland cement components: hydrated calcium Aluminate and lime. These phenomena fostered a study of the synthesis and stability of calcium sulpho‐aluminate. Results of the experiments on stability of calcium sulphoaluminate in different media are discussed. Measures for preventing the formation of C.S.A. in Portland cement are described.
ASR FORUM: ENGAGING WITH AFRICAN INFORMAL ECONOMIES
Authors: Andrae Gunilla , Beckman Björn 
Published: November 2013

Abstract:In January 2012 a broad spectrum of popular groups staged an unprecedented protest against the removal of what has been termed a “subsidy” on fuel prices by the Nigerian government. The participation of tailors in this national political event suggests that self-employed artisans were prepared to transcend their narrow nonpolitical agenda to promote their interests and demands for decent social and economic conditions. Interviews with participating organization representatives in Lagos indicate the supportive role of alliances with labor unions and organized informal workers at large. We see current global developments in the textile industry as conducive to this outcome.
Effect of diet on vascular health
Authors: McEvoy CT , Neville CE , Temple NJ , Woodside JV 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world in older people. Diet and lifestyle change can reduce CVD risk in older people, and this evidence base is reviewed. For example, diets low in trans fats can reduce CVD risk, while for saturated fats the CVD-lowering effect depends on what is substituted for the saturated fat. Diets rich in fish reduce CVD risk, although n-3 supplements have not been shown to have a consistent effect on CVD end-points. Antioxidant and B-group vitamin supplementation are unlikely to reduce CVD risk, but diets rich in these micronutrients (e.g. rich in fruits and vegetables and the Mediterranean diet) are associated with lower CVD risk, while, for the Mediterranean diet, this has been supported by randomized controlled trials. Maintaining a healthy weight and being physically active reduce CVD risk factors and CVD incidence and mortality.
Platelet function defects in adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Mills H. L. , Abdel‐Baki M. S. , Teruya J. , Dietrich J. E. , Shah M. D. , Mahoney D. , Yee D. L. , Srivaths L. V. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPlatelet function defects (PFD) are reported to occur frequently in adult women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Few studies on adolescent HMB report varying incidence rates (2–44%) for PFD. We reviewed our institutional experience in detecting and managing PFD in adolescent HMB. Postmenarchial girls and adolescents with HMB seen at our institution undergo a comprehensive bleeding disorder work‐up by paediatric haematology and paediatric gynaecology providers. Whole blood platelet aggregometry (WBPA) is performed as a second tier test after excluding thrombocytopaenia, coagulation factor deficiencies and Von Willebrand disease (VWD). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of adolescents with HMB seen between June 2009 and November 2010, as approved by the Institutional Review Board. Patient demographics, clinical features, laboratory results, therapy details and patient outcome information were analysed. Overall, 114 postmenarchial girls and adolescents with HMB were evaluated; 68 patients (59%) had WBPA study performed. Nineteen patients (28%) had at least one aggregation or secretion defect; 12 (18%) had two or more such defects. Treatment included hormonal therapy (13/19; 68%), antifibrinolytic agents (8/19; 42%) and intra‐nasal DDAVP (3/19; 16%). Thirteen patients (81%) had improved outcome (median follow‐up – 15.6 months; range of 1–66 months). In this study, PFD were identified in nearly one‐third of girls with HMB, with the majority of these having two or more defects as identified by WBPA. Further prospective studies are needed to better define the prevalence and address appropriate management of HMB and other bleeding complications of PFD in adolescents.
What should men living with haemophilia need to know? The perspectives of Canadian men with haemophilia
Authors: Arnold E. , Lane S. , Webert K. E. , Chan A. , Walker I. , Tufts J. , Rubin S. , Poon M‐C. , Heddle N. M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryHaemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder affecting approximately 3000 Canadian men (Walker 2012). To manage their disease effectively individuals must be knowledgeable about the disease, bleed prevention strategies, treatment approaches, and complications. Data on individuals’ knowledge levels are scarce. The availability of such data could lead to better educational strategies for disease management. The aim of this study was to determine current knowledge levels, needs and gaps among Canadian individuals with haemophilia to facilitate optimal disease management. A survey was disseminated to adult males with haemophilia at three Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTCs) in Canada. Self‐reported current knowledge levels and knowledge seeking were measured. Survey respondents reported highest levels of knowledge in the following areas: identifying and treating a bleed, haemophilia and physical activity, travel, career issues and genetics. Lower levels of knowledge were reported in the areas of sexual activity, product safety, information about factor, haemophilia and ageing, advocacy, timing of prophylactic infusions, and new or alternative therapies. Treating a bleed was the most commonly sought information, followed by information about factor, product safety, identifying a bleed and other health care issues. There was a positive correlation between knowledge seeking and severity of disease. HTC attendance was associated with knowledge seeking, and HTCs were the most frequented knowledge source, followed by the Canadian Haemophilia Society website. Canadian men were well informed; the HTC's role in knowledge sharing was recognized. Timing of infusions, sexual activity and ageing are areas which should be targeted in knowledge sharing.
Collective and individual benefits of trade unions: a multi‐level analysis of 21 European countries
Authors: Furåker Bengt , Bengtsson Mattias 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn light of internationally declining union density, this article examines to what extent employees derive advantage from trade unions. Data collected in 21 countries through the European Social Survey 2010 are being used. Multilevel analyses show that it is not so much individual membership but unions' collective power that matters. Perceived union influence and a union‐friendly industrial relations regime (mainly the organized corporatism in the Nordic countries) are positively linked to the occurrence of regular workplace meetings and to the impact of these meetings on organizational decisions. Employees also appear to benefit from unions' collective power in terms of appropriate pay and job security, although the regime pattern is then less clear.
Surgical debridement to optimise wound conditions and healing
Authors: Diefenbeck Michael , Haustedt Nils , Schmidt Hergo GK 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDifferent treatment strategies are available for bone, joint and soft tissue infections, including use of local antibiotics; negative pressure wound therapy; one‐stage, two‐stage or multi‐stage revisions; or open wound therapy. All methods have one principle in common: adequate surgical debridement is the prerequisite for successful treatment of bone, joint and soft tissue infections. According to the different textures of healthy, infected or necrotic tissue, special techniques are used. In this article we will describe the clinical presentation of necrotic and non‐vital tissue in skin, soft tissue and bone and appropriate techniques of debridement.