bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Effectiveness of Restoration Practices Using Principles of Applied Ecology
Authors: Nucci M. E. , Angelini R. , Cirelli A. , Marcantonio G. , Pedroni P. M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The oil and gas industry recognizes the Mitigation Hierarchy – avoid, reduce, restore and, if necessary, offset – as an effective framework to deal with potential impacts of operations. Avoidance and reduction measures are critical, particularly in the early stages of the project life cycle, nevertheless most of the time restoration is likely to be needed. Restoration activities are usually expensive, require time before their success can be demonstrated and, unless designed according to ecological principles, may be ineffective or even counter-productive.
This paper illustrates the approach and the results of a 6 year field activity that eni e&p Division and its Southern District (DIME) carried out in the Agri River Valley (Italy) as part of a Biodiversity Action Plan implemented in partnership with the academic spin-off ABD Monitoring. Our final aim was to enhance the effectiveness of the practices used to restore mountain prairies and woodlands crossed by flowlines as close as possible to their natural conditions.
Following the identification of suitable sites for testing restoration protocols, indicators of the status of the natural environment were selected. After the assessment of flora composition and soil conditions, monitoring protocols were developed to understand the ecological structure and dynamics of each site. Field observations and data collected provided the basis for developing an optimized restoration practice, specifically tailored for these Val d’Agri habitats, with practical recommendations on how to effectively restore beech and oak woodlands and different types of prairies following the construction of flowlines.
The paper will provide details on the process, key achievements and areas for improvement. Despite successful results based on the adoption of sound principles of applied ecology, the involvement of local authorities and communities is key to achieving successful restoration in all contexts. We will also show how the optimized restoration practice has been integrated into DIME’s operational procedures to inform future developments on how to effectively mitigate operational impacts on the natural environment.
Coral Relocation as Habitat Mitigation for Impacts from the Barzan Gas Project Pipeline Construction, Offshore Qatar
Authors: Deb Kaushik , McCarthy Anne , Harkanson Ben 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Barzan Gas Project is a critical program to deliver natural gas to Qatar’s future industries. This project was expected to cause impacts to shallow coral communities during pipeline construction from Qatar’s North Field to onshore. To partially meet the state’s environmental clearance for the project whilst supporting the state’s national vision, RasGas Company Limited developed a project-specific Coral Management, Relocation, and Monitoring Plan that incorporated proven methodologies to relocate at-risk coral colonies to a suitable location. The coral relocation project includes the following: an initial Benthic Environmental Survey (BES) to assess coral colonies’ health and suitability for relocation;relocation of more than 1,600 corals from the pipeline corridor to a habitat specifically created for the reattachment of the coral colonies due to the lack of available hard bottom substrate containing 550 native quarried limestone boulders; anda five (5) year monitoring program to assess the health of the reattached coral colonies, colonization of the artificial habitat and document reef fish associated with the recipient site.
Preliminary monitoring results indicate that the relocated corals were of comparable health and exhibited similar signs of stress as the reference corals. This paper presents monitoring results from Surveys II (January 2013) and III (July 2013) which were assessed for the following categories – reattached colony bonding status, colony health assessment, benthic characterization, reef fish assemblage, sediment accumulation, sea urchin density and water column data.
RasGas will continue to monitor and report on the Barzan coral monitoring program as it matures and incorporate lessons learned. This paper has reported on the data from the two 2013 surveys following the post-relocation baseline survey in 2012. Despite the initial challenges to find a suitable substrate, the quarried limestone boulders have proven to be a sustainable habitat for the relocated corals, associated fauna and reef fish populations. The project will hopefully contribute to the body of existing knowledge for building successful coral relocation programs in the Gulf and stand as testament to RasGas’ commitment to protecting Qatar’s precious offshore biodiversity.
The IPIECA Water Management Framework
Authors: Wyness Alistair , Buttini Patrizia , Fennessey Karl , Thorne Kirsten , Romer Ruth , Ruck Philip 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Water, particularly fresh water, is a scarce resource in many parts of world and further constraints are predicted. Developing and implementing water management practices across the oil and gas lifecycle is therefore considered an essential component in a company’s sustainability strategy.
IPIECA, the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues, has recently developed a framework for water management. Adoption of this framework helps align member companies with IPIECA’s goal of the oil and gas industry being recognized by as proactively and collaboratively managing water use and acting as responsible stewards of this resource. The IPIECA framework is also aligned with the goal of the 6th World Water Forum Target 6, which is specifically reated to water management in the oil and gas sector. Acheivement of this target is being led by IPIECA with support from International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP).
Since 2010, IPIECA has made significant strides to raise members, stakeholders and the oil and gas industry’s awareness of water management issues including development of the IPIECA Global Water Tool for Oil and Gas and the Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI) Local Water Tool for Oil and Gas. The framework builds on this work and will ultimately include a series of industry guidelines, tools and initiatives providing a comprehensive approach to water management through the life of oil and gas development and production.
As part of the framework, new guidance is being launched to coincide with the SPE International HSE Conference at Long Beach, California. This paper describes the framework, its aims and the concept as well as introducing the new guidances on "Identifying and Assessing Water Sources " and, "Optimising Water Use through Efficiency ",
Evaluating the Global Performance of Social Investment Programs: A Socioeconomic and Environmental Impact-Oriented Approach
Authors: Graveaud Fabiola , Verzat Benoît , Jammes Laurent 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Most Oil & Gas companies have developed "Social Investment" programs aimed at developing local infrastructure and services to benefit communities in regions in which they operate. These programs are intended to anchor companies in local environments and improve public attitudes, thus contributing to project acceptance by populations.
These programs are often implemented through partnerships with established development agencies or NGOs that are familiar with local conditions. However, agreed-on tools to evaluate their impacts are lacking, especially for projects targeting the base of the pyramid.
After a review of the state of the art of impact evaluation methods used by development actors, this paper proposes a novel method to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of Access-to-Energy projects in developing areas.
The specific objectives and implementation context of these projects require the adoption of a holistic approach to gauge and monitor short-term and long-term impacts on livelihoods, the economy and the environment. However, a single evaluation method does not fit for all the dimensions. The proposed methodology encompasses two specific evaluation frameworks, the results of which are then combined for a global performance evaluation.
At the socioeconomic level, different types of indicators are proposed and ranked in a hierarchy of impact categories. Indicators are built to understand the potential long-term impacts and their drivers in a cost-effective way, rather than to simply monitor the project activity. The method is illustrated using the example of electrification and cookstove projects.
At the environmental level, a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) based approach was selected for its ability to assess impacts in multiple dimensions. However, the most widespread product-focused use of LCA was modified to assess a project, and thus to compare different project implementation scenarios rather than different product design scenarios. It makes it possible to identify a potential shift of environmental burdens between scenarios, and consequently optimize project implementation. A mock-up of an environmental evaluation tool targeting electrification projects was used to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, taking the example of off-grid electrification implemented via Solar Home Systems or Diesel Generators. Based on the results, several project implementation scenarios are discussed.
Using New Means of Communication to Mitigate Expatriate Psychological Stress: an Example of E-Consultation Platform
Authors: Astruc B. , Jammes L. , Hopman N. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The globalization of the oil and gas industry has resulted in an increased number of expatriates and families, relocating in geographically and culturally unfamiliar and sometimes unsettling environments. The acculturation process and changes in living conditions may result in maladjustment, possibly causing a loss in self-esteem, stress and anxiety, often engendering difficulties in professional relationships, lack of performance at work, or worse still, premature returns.
Premature returns have been extensively studied because of their potential impact on the individual and the organization, with varying conclusions with regards to their causes. Indeed, external risks factors related to expatriation are numerous: the geographic distance that jeopardize familiar supports; the exposure to new sets of rules, customs and beliefs; the increased responsibilities and workload, and the family's feelings towards relocation to name a few. Accordingly, significant mental and social resources are heavily mobilized in the coping strategies used to manage the stress of relocation.
This paper argues that risks associated with expatriation cannot be fully addressed through the common preventive measures such as cross-cultural training or spouse involvement in the expatriation process.
Residual but critical risks remain, that have to be mitigated through specific plans, such as responses to incidents of psychological distress or even psychiatric decompensation. Telepsychology and telepsychiatry, either through tele-consultation and tele-expertise, can be used to address such problems in a timely manner, providing remote access to specialists able to interact with the patient in his own language.
A dedicated platform has been deployed worldwide for this purpose, the configurations of which are variable depending on cases and situations. The platform provides a videoconferencing system, secured nominative health data and time zone management for appointments. Consultations are provided through the platform by a multilingual and multicultural team of psychiatrists and psychologists with expatriation expertise.
Three case studies where the platform has been used are presented herein, in order to describe the situation, the set-up, the treatment protocol, and the results obtained.
Lastly, the benefits and limits of this patient care technique are discussed, in view of the most recent research on telemedicine and topics for further investigation are suggested.
Ethics in Humanitarian Assistance for Host Communities
Authors: Win Aung Zaw , Win Swe Swe 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In 1995, Total started its oil and gas activities in Myanmar as the operator of Yadana consortium, which comprises Total Exploration & Production Myanmar (TEPM), Thai National Petroleum Exploration & Production Company (PTTEP), UNOCAL, and the national energy corporation Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE). Among the facilities it has developed, a 65km long onshore gas pipeline in remote southern Myanmar (Tanintharyi Division) is the crucial asset.
Together with the company’s operations, a CSR program called Yadana Socio Economic Development program is implemented under direct management of the company’s employees and contractors. This community development program covers 33 villages located within a 10km strip of "corridor" along the gas pipeline, from sea shore to Thai border.
"Through our operations, we contribute to the social and economic development in countries where we operate, particularly local communities" – code of conduct
Floating Lng Challenges On Cryogenic Spill Control
Authors: Cataylo A. D. , Tanigawa K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Cryogenic spill on Floating LNG (FLNG) is one of the risks which need to be managed to avoid the potential embritllement and subsequent fracture of exposed unprotected steel work, as well as the possibility of large flammable cloud within the facility which may cause fire and explosion. For onshore LNG plants, guidance on spill control has been based on the widely used NFPA59A and EN1473.However, these guidelines are not directly applicable FLNG. With the absence of international rules directly applicable to this new concept, risk-based approach can be considered to determine the design.
The challenge is how to control the cryogenic liquid spill in a congested installation when there are no proven robust existing installations for this application. Onshore practice is to collect the cryogenic liquid spill in an impoundment area. However, this practice is not suitable for offshore installation due to limitation in space and congested nature of FLNG facilities. In using risk based approach, the cryogenic spill is presumed to have a large extent due to two-phase jet caused by high pressure systems. Thus, a study and optimization for the cryogenic spill control design on the onset of the project is important.
In this paper, there are several options that are considered during the design development on how to control the cryogenic spill in Floating LNG using risk analysis. The risk analysis method is widely used in offshore design but it also has limitations. Designing based on risk analysis with different possible options is also described, recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of each design option in terms of safety and operability. An observation of alternative approach rather than purely relying on risk analysis is also discussed in this paper.
Medical Evaluation and Clearance for Helicopter Underwater Escape Training (HUET)
Authors: Frangos Stephen , Bardarson Trevor , Caraballo-Arias Yohama 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Individuals who have safety sensitive and/or physically strenuous occupations typically undergo a pre-placement / post-offer evaluation or a return to work evaluation following an injury or illness absence. A Fitness for Duty determination is made prior to these workers performing their usual and customary job tasks. Some training is physically strenuous and may or may not be a routine requirement for workers. Individuals who participate in physically strenuous training need to be medically evaluated and cleared prior to participating in that training.
This article describes the industry leading best practices to incorporate a medical examination and functional capacity evaluation (FCE) into a medical evaluation protocol, which allows the occupational health provider to make a medical clearance determination for workers to participate in Helicopter Underwater Escape Training (HUET). This training is commonly provided to military personnel or workers in the offshore oil and gas industry who are transported to and from operations by helicopters over water. The purpose of the training is to prepare the workers in the case of a crash landing over water and involves simulated sinking of the training module in a pool while rotating the module upside down. Students are trained on bracing for impact, identifying exit points, and safely escaping the module. Workers also complete Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training (BOSIET) or other Water Survival Training along with the HUET. For consistency of nomenclature, the term HUET will be used in this paper.
The medical evaluation for HUET consists of a health questionnaire and medical exam, cardiovascular screening, FCE and medical clearance. The scope of the HUET FCE is guided by a functional job description that objectively documents the training requirements specific to HUET. This medical evaluation and clearance process also provides a mechanism to periodically monitor individuals who may be required to perform physically strenuous tasks, including those persons for which these tasks may fall outside of their typical day to day activities. These non-routine tasks (i.e. HUET) may not have been envisioned for their position at the time of hire and therefore any significant underlying medical condition would not have been appropriately evaluated.
Unified Shoreline Protection and Cleanup Project – Brazil’s Experience
Authors: Medeiros Marcelo , Moreira Josimar , Oliveira Mara , Pessoa Maria Eduarda , Sandy Diogo 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Recent events demonstrate that oil spills are a continuous challenge to the oil industry. The industry is always developing and implementing new safety requirements to prevent oil spills from happening. Nonetheless, the risk of an oil spill is inherent to the upstream and downstream activities. If preventing oil spills from occurring is the most important priority, with technological assessment of equipment and procedures, preventing spills from reaching the shore is a second aspect to be considered. The coastal environment is where the state/country’s assets are located, where economical activities take place, and where marshes and estuaries that are nursery and feeding grounds for hundreds of marine species are found. However, strategies must be developed to protect the coast if necessary. To develop these strategies, it is first necessary to map the shoreline. Brazil has a coast of over 7000 km (4,300 miles). Although exploration and production in recent years has been concentrated mainly in the Campos and Santos basins, in the Southeast of the country, with the recent 11 th bid round, new exploratory frontiers will change the Brazil’s E&P map, expanding the activities to the sensitive North and Northeast coast. Due to the extension of the coast and in order to develop a product necessary for the industry, several oil company’s decided to work together to elaborate a Unified Shoreline Protection and Cleanup Project. This Project consists of strategic data basis obtained from primary data for each coastal segment. For each segment, information such as access, physical description, sensitivity index, coastal type and recommended response strategies are identified. This data are plotted in GIS systems and will assist in decision making processes. In the future, it could be used as a tool by Brazil’s National Contingency Plan. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how the joint effort is important to the E&P industry, and the main results of the Unified Shoreline Protection and Cleanup Project.
Working Together to Address the Occupational Health Hazards of Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Nocco Bob , Postage Matt , Ohrin Pat , Downey Ashleigh , Jones Mike , Feldman Pam 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The occupational hygiene (OH) and health hazards of hydraulic fracturing have been identified in various sources including the OSHA/NIOSH Hazard Alert and its focus on respirable crystalline silica. Other exposures include exposure to noise, diesel particulate matter, chemical additives, hydrocarbon from well flow backs, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and other agents. As a backdrop, an overview of occupational hygiene aspects associated with hydraulic fracturing will be presented.
There have been various efforts to address the health aspects associated with occupational exposures resulting from hydraulic fracturing. These efforts involve a multi-discipline and multi-stakeholder collaborate approach that has included operators, oilfield service companies, equipment manufacturers, industry associations, professional societies and governmental agencies. Some of the main efforts have included National STEPS Network Hydraulic Fracturing Respirable Crystalline Silica Focus Group, the American Industrial Hygiene Association's Oil and Gas Working Group the American Petroleum Institute's (API) Industrial Hygiene Group, API's E&P Health Issues Group as well as other organizations. The organizations and activities that are addressing the OH issues of hydraulic fracturing as well as other oil and gas OH issues will be discussed, highlighting the successes and challenges of using a multi-stakeholder approach. Some of these issues include the practical and technical considerations of workplace hazard communications, exposure assessments, and exposure mitigation measures.