bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 6-Gingerol for In Vivo and In Vitro Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Usama I. Aly  , Mohamed S. Abbas  , Hussein S. Taha  , El-Sayed I. Gaber  
Published: March 2014

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosco) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is one of the world’s most important spices and produces a pungent, aromatic rhizome that is valuable all over the world. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 6-gingerol in different parts (in vivo and in vitro) of Zingiber officinale using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been performed. Data of TLC showed spots having identical Rf value (0.15), according to the synthetic standards of 6-gingerol in all samples extract. 6-gingerol was detected in all extracts of different parts of ginger derived from in vivo and in vitro culture conditions. Quantitative determination of 6-gingerol using HPLC technique was carried out. Comparing with the peaks of 6-gingerol in synthetic standards, in vivo rhizomes and in vitro cultures of different ginger parts was showed similar UV spectra characteristics. The quantity of 6-gingerol in rhizomes (in vivo and in vitro) and in vitro microrhizomes (45.37; 42.64; 28.11 mg/g respectively), were showed a higher value than that of in vitro calli, shoots and roots (7.89; 7.46; 6.40 mg/g respectively).
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effect of Some Medicinal Herbs Used in Iranian Traditional Medicine for Memory Improvement
Authors: Homa Hajimehdipoor  , Tina Tehranifar  , Hamed Shafaroodi  
Published: March 2014

Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) has a long history in treatment of disorders mostly by using medicinal plants. “Nesyan” is one of the common diseases in ITM that could be partly comparable with Alzheimer. Since, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the usual drugs for Alzheimer, therefore, in order to find new AChEIs, the plants used in ITM are good candidates. In the present investigation, AChEI activity of nine species used for “Nesyan” in ITM have been investigated. Aqueous and total extracts of Phyllanthus emblica, Urginea maritima, Corylus avellana, Alpinia officinarum, Matricaria chamomilla, Curcuma longa, Crocus sativus, Melissa officinalis and Brassica nigra have been prepared by using infusion and maceration methods, respectively. The extracts were dried and their AChEI activity were assessed by using Ellman method with acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate and dithiodinitrobenzoic acid as reagent in 96-well plates at 405 nm. The results demonstrated that only total extract of Alpinia officinarum showed 41.3% inhibition at concentration of 300 µg/ml. Other extracts had trace or no AChEI properties. It is concluded that among the examined species used in ITM, Alpinia officinarum acts as anti-Alzheimer through AChE inhibition possibly with other mechanisms. In order to find the mechanisms of other plants more investigations are necessary.
Aplicación del diagnóstico geoecológico del paisaje en la gestión del turismo litoral. Caso destino turístico Litoral Norte de Holguín, Cuba
Authors: La O Osorio José Alberto , Salinas Chávez Eduardo , Licea Sánchez José Enrique 
Published: March 2014

Se aborda el estudio de los paisajes litorales de uso turístico de la provincia de Holguín desde el enfoque de la Geoecología de los Paisajes, realizándose el diagnostico integrado de los mismos, lo que posibilitará establecer estrategias de gestión turística sostenible y de adaptación a los efectos del cambio climático, con una dimensión espacial, y de acuerdo con el modelo de desarrollo de esta región. El estudio incluyó el inventario y análisis de los paisajes, la evaluación de las potencialidades de la región y el modelo turístico en explotación, y la identificación de la problemática ambiental del territorio, obteniéndose como resultado su estado geoecológico, lo que permite comprender la situación de esa región para la toma de decisiones de manera consistente en cuanto al desarrollo turístico en los paisajes, y los cambios globales y la evolución del medio ambiente cubano.
Legendre duality on hypersurfaces in Kähler manifolds
Authors: Martino V. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We give a sufficient condition on real strictly Levi-convex hypersurfaces M, embedded in four-dimensional Kähler manifolds V , such that Legendre duality can be performed. We consider the contact form θ on M whose kernel is the restriction of the holomorphic tangent space of V and show that if there exists a Legendrian Killing vector field ν, then the dual form β ( · ) := dθ(ν; · ) is a contact form on M with the same orientation than θ.
Role of OATP-1B1 and/or OATP-1B3 in hepatic disposition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Khurana Varun , Minocha Mukul , Pal Dhananjay , Mitra Ashim K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background: The metabolism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is mainly mediated via hepatic route, but the mechanism responsible for their hepatocellular accumulation is still unknown. This study was designed to understand the contribution of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in the hepatic uptake of selected TKIs – pazopanib, canertinib, erlotinib, vandetanib and nilotinib.

Methods: Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetic parameters for TKIs were determined by concentration-dependent cellular accumulation of selected TKIs using Chinese hamster ovary cells – wild type as well as transfected with humanized OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 transporter proteins.

Results: The MM constant (K
m) values of OATP-1B1 for nilotinib and vandetanib are 10.14±1.91 and 2.72±0.25 μM, respectively, and V
max values of OATP-1B1 for nilotinib and vandetanib were 6.95±0.47 and 75.95±1.99 nmol/mg protein per minute, respectively. Likewise, K
m values of OATP-1B3 for canertinib, nilotinib and vandetanib were 12.18±3.32, 7.84±1.43 and 4.37±0.79 μM, respectively, and V
max values of OATP-1B3 for canertinib, nilotinib and vandetanib were 15.34±1.59, 6.75±0.42 and 194.64±10.58 nmol/mg protein per minute, respectively. Canertinib did not exhibit any substrate specificity toward OATP-1B1. Also, erlotinib and pazopanib did not exhibit any substrate specificity toward OATP-1B1 and -1B3.

Conclusions: Because selected TKIs are the substrates of OATP-1B1 and -1B3 expressed in hepatic tissue, these compounds can be regarded as molecular targets for transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Any alteration in the function of these hepatic OATPs might account for the pharmacokinetic variability of TKIs.
Energy Transport and Storage using Methanol as a Carrier
Authors: Müller Karsten , Fabisch Florian , Arlt Wolfgang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMethanol has been proposed frequently as an energy carrier in recent years. High storage capacity, easy manageability and similarity to existing fuels make it an interesting option for energy storage. However, the usage of methanol is constrained by its low boiling point and its toxicity and the energy balance of a methanol economy is disputable. Net energy ration and renewability factor for different scenarios of a methanol economy have been analyzed, considering hydrogen production, methanol synthesis and transport and repowering. It appears that the overall efficiency of methanol based energy storage is rather low, but still can be sustainable due to a high renewability factors.
Adsorption of arsenic from aqueous media using
lateritic minerals: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic
studies
Authors: Khalid Nasir , Daud Muhammad 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The sorption behavior of arsenic on minerals from a lateritic weathering has been
investigated to evaluate its potential for the decontamination of arsenic ions from aqueous
media. Various physicochemical parameters such as pH, equilibration time, adsorbent dose,
concentration of adsorbate, effect of diverse ions and temperature were studied in order to
simulate the best conditions under which this material can be used as an adsorbent,
employing batch method and radiotracer technique. Maximum adsorption was observed in buffer
solutions having pH of 2.0 and 8–9, using 0.5 g of adsorbent for
6.674 · 10
–5 mol L
–1 arsenic concentration in 10 min equilibration
time. The sorption data followed the pseudo-second order reaction kinetics. The adsorption
data fit both the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm equations over the range of
3.195 · 10
–5 to 3.195 · 10
–3 mol L
–1 arsenic concentration. The
characteristic Freundlich constants i.e. 1/n = 0.427 ± 0.009 and K = 3.04 × 10−4 ± 1.46 · 10
–5 mol g
–1 have been computed for the sorption system. The
sorption mean free energy from the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm is
12.00 ± 0.38 kJ mol
–1 indicating ion-exchange mechanism of
chemisorption. The uptake of arsenic increases with the rise in temperature
(278.16–323.16 K). Thermodynamic quantities i.e.
ΔG,
ΔS and ΔH have also been calculated for the system. The sorption
process was found to be endothermic.
Radionuclide content and state of isotopic disequilibrium in some utilized smoking pastes
Authors: Shabana El-Said Ibrahim , Kinsara Abdulraheem Abdulrahman , Yahya Ahmad Abu Bakre 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

238U, 234U, 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po were measured in some jurak and mehassel
samples collected from the local market. Jurak is a paste mixture composed of 30% tobacco, 50% molasses and
20% spices and minced fruits. Mehassel is a local trade-name of a paste mixture of unknown ratios of tobacco to spices and
minced fruits. Both jurak and mehassel are used for smoking by Shisha (a pipe used for smoking and has a water filter). Just for
comparison, these radionuclides were measured in some cigarette tobacco samples. In cigarette tobacco samples, the average activity
concentrations were 0.32 ± 0.10, 0.51 ± 0.11, 3.6 ± 1.0, 16.1 ± 2.4 and 15.8 ± 2.2 Bq/kg for 238U,
234U, 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po, respectively. These values for the same isotopes were
1.01 ± 0.25, 1.04 ± 0.27, 1.2 ± 0.4, 4.4 ± 1.0 and 4.2 ± 0.9 Bq/kg in jurak samples and 0.17 ± 0.07,
0.24 ± 0.08, 1.8 ± 0.7, 7.5 ± 1.7 and 7.0 ± 1.6 Bq/kg in mehassel samples, respectively. Generally, the mean values
of the results indicated that, except for uranium in jurak, the activity concentration for all the analyzed radionuclides in the
different samples followed the sequence: 210Po ≈210Pb >226Ra ≫234U >238U, whereas for each radionuclide, its activity concentration followed the sequence: cigarette tobacco > mehassel >
jurak. Molasses contributed to the enhanced uranium content in jurak samples. The obtained results are discussed in detail.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Children: Predictors of Diagnostic Stability
Authors: Law Evelyn C. , Sideridis Georgios D. , Prock Lisa Albers , Sheridan Margaret A. 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVES:
The goals of this study were (1) to provide estimates of diagnostic stability for a sample of young children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after undergoing comprehensive multidisciplinary assessments and (2) to identify baseline child and family characteristics that predict diagnostic stability over time.

METHODS:
Children aged 3 to 6 years, 11 months consecutively diagnosed with ADHD after multidisciplinary consultations at a tertiary care clinic between 2003 and 2008 were recontacted in 2012 and 2013 (N = 120). At follow-up, the primary outcome was the proportion of children who continued to meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD. To identify predictors of diagnostic stability, logistic regression models were used. In addition, a latent class model was used to independently classify subjects into distinct clusters.

RESULTS:
In this cohort, 70.4% of the children contacted at follow-up continued to meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Predictors of diagnostic stability included externalizing and internalizing symptoms at baseline, parental history of psychopathology, and family socioeconomic status. The latent class model independently identified 3 distinct profiles: (1) children who no longer met ADHD criteria; (2) children with persistent ADHD and high parental psychopathology; and (3) children with persistent ADHD and low family socioeconomic status.

CONCLUSIONS:
Young children who underwent comprehensive developmental and psychological assessments before receiving an ADHD diagnosis, had higher rates of diagnostic stability than in previous studies of community samples. Child and family factors that predict diagnostic stability have the potential to guide treatment planning for children diagnosed with ADHD before 7 years of age.
Precipitates Caused in Silicon Wafers by Prolonged High-Temperature Annealing in Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Nakazawa Haruo , Ogino Masaaki , Teranishi Hideaki , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Habuka Hitoshi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe precipitate behavior in a floating zone silicon crystal produced from a Czochralski single-crystal ingot has been studied. Large precipitates of α-Si3N4 crystal, having a dimension of about 2 μm, were formed at the mid-depth in the wafer by means of annealing at a high temperature in an ambient N2 (70%) + O2 (30%) atmosphere. The precipitate number detected by cross-sectional X-ray topography increased with the increasing annealing time. Interstitial silicon is expected to eliminate the precipitate origins.
Electronic and Mechanical Coupling in Elastically Bent ZnO Micro/Nanowires
Authors: Fu Xuewen , Liao Zhimin , Yu Dapeng 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTElastic engineering strain has been regarded as a low-cost and continuously variable manner for altering the physical and chemical properties of materials, and it becomes even more important at low-dimensionality because at micro/nanoscale, materials/structures can usually bear exceptionally high elastic strains before failure. The elastic strain effects are therefore greatly magnified in micro/nanoscale structures and should be of great potential in the design of novel functional devices. The purpose of this overview is to present a summary of our recently progress in the energy band engineering of elastically bent ZnO micro/nanowires. First, we present the electronic and mechanical coupling effect in bent ZnO nanowires. Second, we summary the bending strain gradient effect on the near-band-edge (NBE) emission photon energy of bent ZnO micro/nanowires. Third, we show that the strain can induce exciton fine-structure splitting and shift in ZnO microwires. Our recent progresses illustrate that the electronic band structure of ZnO micro/nanowires can be dramatically tuned by elastic strain engineering, and point to potential future applications based on the elastic strain engineering of ZnO micro/nanowires.
An Update on the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Mello Patricia Gaspar , Silva Gustavo Ramos , Donat Julia Candia , Kristensen Christian Haag 
Published: March 2014

Objective: Even though cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the current treatment of choice for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is still unclear which components of its protocol are more important for clinical improvement. This study aims to replicate a previous review, updating findings on the efficacy of CBT, cognitive therapy (CT), and exposure therapy (ET) for PTSD when compared with other well-established treatments or conditions without active treatment. Method: The search was performed in the databases Cochrane, Embase, and Medline. Studies were required to be randomized controlled trials published between 2006 and 2012 comparing CBT, CT, or ET with (1) each other, (2) other active treatments (e.g., EMDR, counseling, supportive therapy), or (3) assessment only conditions. The main outcome measures were diagnostic and symptomatic remission. Results: The final sample contained 29 articles. CBT, CT, and ET were shown to be efficacious treatments individually when compared to assessment-only conditions, with no difference found between treatments. Comparison with other active treatments favored ET. Both included studies comparing CBT and EMDR favored the latter. Conclusions: CBT and its components still appear to be equally efficacious in improving PTSD symptoms and diagnosis. Even so, a current tendency of researchers to focus on ET exists. EMDR shows interesting results compared to CBT. Further research should clarify the lasting effects, efficiency, and other comparative benefits of each protocol.
Mental Adjustment to Cancer: The Role of Anxious and Depressive Symptoms under Treatment
Authors: De Fazio Pasquale , Barberi Angela , Caglioti Francesca , Pierfrancesco Tassone , Piersandro Tagliaferri , Segura-García Cristina 
Published: March 2014

Objective: Depression is a risk factor for poor quality of life and mental adjustment to cancer. This research aims to evaluate the course of mental adjustment to illness of cancer patients with anxious-depressive symptoms who receive antidepressant therapy (ADT). Method: Eighty oncological patients with and without depressive symptoms were divided into three groups. Group 1: 30 depressed cancer patients who underwent ADT with SSRI; Group 2: 30 depressed cancer patients who refused ADT; Group 3: 20 non-depressed cancer patients. Patients were evaluated at t0 and 4 (t1) and 12 (t2) weeks later through: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and MINI-MAC. Results: HDRS and HARS mean scores were stable and under threshold across the study only in Group 3; at t2 they improved in Group 1 and worsened in Group 2. The improvements in anxiety and depression scores were associated with ADT and related to the changes in Mini-MAC helpless-hopeless, anxious preoccupations, cognitive avoidance and fighting spirit dimensions. Conclusion: The improvement of mental adjustment to illness is directly related to the decrease of anxious-depressive symptoms among depressed cancer patients under antidepressant therapy.
Diagnostic Validity of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Depression Module in an East African Population
Authors: Gelaye Bizu , Williams Michelle A. , Lemma Seblewengel , Deyessa Negussie , Bahretibeb Yonas , Shibre Teshome , Wondimagegn Dawit , Lemenih Asnake , Fann Jesse R. , Stoep Ann Vander , Zhou Xiao-Hua Andrew 
Published: March 2014

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the structured Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in diagnosing current major depressive disorder (MDD) among East African adults. Methods: A sample of 926 patients attending a major referral hospital in Ethiopia participated in this diagnostic assessment study. We used a two-stage study design where participants were first interviewed using an Amharic version of the CIDI and a stratified random sample underwent a follow-up semi-structured clinical interview conducted by a psychiatrist, blinded to the screening results, using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) instrument. We tested construct validity by examining the association of the CIDI and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL) questionnaire. We calculated the psychometric properties of the CIDI using the SCAN diagnostic interview as a gold standard. Results: We found that the Amharic version of the CIDI diagnostic interview has good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97) among Ethiopian adults. Compared to the SCAN reference standard, the CIDI had fair specificity (72.2%) but low sensitivity (51.0%). Our study provided evidence for unidimensionality of core depression screening questions on the CIDI interview with good factor loadings on a major core depressive factor. Conclusion: The Amharic language version of the CIDI had fair specificity and low sensitivity in detecting MDD compared with psychiatrist administered SCAN diagnosis. Our findings are generally consistent with prior studies. Use of fully structured interviews such as the CIDI for MDD diagnosis in clinical settings might lead to under-detection of DSM-IV MDD.
Thermal oxidation of irradiated magnetic fluids and their component surfactants and dispersing oils
Authors: Zaharescu Traian , Setnescu Radu , Borbath Istvan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Magnetic fluid applications require stability under demanding conditions. Complete magnetic fluids and their component surfactants and dispersing oils were irradiated. Their subsequent thermal oxidation was characterized by chemiluminescence and DSC. Except for polyisobutylsuccinic anhydride, irradiation sensitized the components toward oxidation. The components were ranked by stability. Complete fluids were more stable than would be predicted from their components suggesting that they may be used for nuclear applications.
Occupational asthma follow-up — which markers are elevated in exhaled breath condensate and plasma?
Authors: Pelclová Daniela , Fenclová Zdenka , Vlčková Štěpánka , Klusáčková Pavlína , Lebedová Jindřiška , Syslová Kamila , Běláček Jaromír , Kuzma Marek , Navrátil Tomáš , Zakharov Sergey , Kačer Petr 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Nasal Peak Inspiratory and Expiratory Flow Measurements for Assessing Nasal Obstruction in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kirtsreesakul Virat , Leelapong Jitanong , Ruttanaphol Suwalee 
Published: March 2014

Background Although nasal peak flow measurements have been proposed as a simple alternative method to assess nasal patency, which of nasal peak expiratory flow or nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPEF/NPIF) or the peak expiratory flow index or peak inspiratory flow index (PEFI/PIFI; the ratios between nasal and oral PEF or nasal and oral PIF, respectively) is the more accurate method is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between NPEF, NPIF, PEFI, and PIFI, and blocked nose score (BNS) and mucociliary clearance time (MCCT) in diagnostic and follow-up assessments. Methods Ninety-nine allergic rhinitis (AR) patients were treated with 220 micrograms once daily of intranasal triamcinolone acetonide for 28 days. BNS, NPEF, NPIF, PEFI, and PIFI and MCCT were used to evaluate treatment outcome. Correlations of initial visit scores and score changes after treatment between peak flow rates and BNSs and MCCTs were analyzed. Results All nasal symptoms, peak flows, and MCCTs showed statistically significant improvements after the nasal steroid treatment. PEFI showed the best negative correlation with BNS and MCCTs, followed by PIFI, NPEF, and NPIF. Nasal peak flows showed better correlations with MCCTs than BNSs. Mean changes of peak flow rates between visits showed better correlation with BNSs and MCCTs than absolute values of peak flow rates at the initial visit. Conclusion Among nasal peak flow measurements, PEFI is the most appropriate objective tool for assessing nasal patency in AR. Peak flows can indicate underlying mucosal inflammation and are more sensitive to assess score changes after treatment than cross-sectional assessment at the initial visit.