bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIME management by medicinal larvae
Authors: Pritchard David I , Čeřovský Václav , Nigam Yamni , Pickles Samantha F , Cazander Gwendolyn , Nibbering Peter H , Bültemann Anke , Jung Wilhelm 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWound bed preparation (WBP) is an integral part of the care programme for chronic wounds. The acronym TIME is used in the context of WBP and describes four barriers to healing in chronic wounds; namely, dead Tissue, Infection and inflammation, Moisture imbalance and a non‐migrating Edge. Larval debridement therapy (LDT) stems from observations that larvae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata clean wounds of debris. Subsequent clinical studies have proven debriding efficacy, which is likely to occur as a result of enzymatically active alimentary products released by the insect. The antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory and wound healing activities of LDT have also been investigated, predominantly in a pre‐clinical context. This review summarises the findings of investigations into the molecular mechanisms of LDT and places these in context with the clinical concept of WBP and TIME. It is clear from these findings that biotherapy with L. sericata conforms with TIME, through the enzymatic removal of dead tissue and its associated biofilm, coupled with the secretion of defined antimicrobial peptides. This biotherapeutic impact on the wound serves to reduce inflammation, with an associated capacity for an indirect effect on moisture imbalance. Furthermore, larval serine proteinases have the capacity to alter fibroblast behaviour in a manner conducive to the formation of granulation tissue.
The efficacy of hydrogel dressings as a first aid measure for burn wound management in the pre‐hospital setting: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Goodwin Nicholas S , Spinks Anneliese , Wasiak Jason 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to determine the supporting evidence for the clinical use of hydrogel dressings as a first aid measure for burn wound management in the pre‐hospital setting. Two authors searched three databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and The Cochrane Library) for relevant English language articles published through September 2014. Reference lists, conference proceedings and non‐indexed academic journals were manually searched. A separate search was conducted using the Internet search engine Google to source additional studies from burns advisory agencies, first aid bodies, military institutions, manufacturer and paramedic websites. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and relevance of non‐traditional data forms for inclusion. Studies were independently assessed and included if Hydrogel‐based burn dressings (HBD) were examined in first aid practices in the pre‐hospital setting. A total of 129 studies were considered for inclusion, of which no pre‐hospital studies were identified. The review highlights that current use of HBD in the pre‐hospital setting appears to be driven by sources of information that do not reflect the paramedic environment. We recommend researchers in the pre‐hospital settings undertake clinical trials in this field. More so, the review supports the need for expert consensus to identify key demographic, clinical and injury outcomes for clinicians and researchers undertaking further research into the use of dressings as a first aid measure.
Europeanization Mechanisms and Process Tracing: A Template for Empirical Research
Authors: Moumoutzis Kyriakos , Zartaloudis Sotirios 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhile the literature on Europeanization has exhibited considerable awareness of the methodological challenge of establishing causal relations between non‐binding EU stimuli and domestic change, less work has been done on how this challenge might be met. This article contributes to the literature's attempts to meet this challenge by: 1) reformulating four explanations of Europeanization based on four distinct causal mechanisms (instrumental learning, social learning, naming and shaming and peer pressure); 2) specifying their observable implications for three intervening steps between EU stimuli and change in national policy (the definition of the policy problem, the alternative courses of action considered and the manner in which they were assessed); 3) defending process tracing against critiques of its usefulness for research on Europeanization; and 4) providing practical guidelines on how process tracing can be used to test these four explanations empirically, using examples from employment policy, where non‐binding EU stimuli feature most prominently.
A 5.5‐year surveillance of esophageal and gastric cardia precursors after a population‐based screening in China
Authors: Wen Denggui , Zhang Liwei , Wang Xiaoling , Li Yongwei , Ma Caifeng , Liu Xu , Zhang Junli , Wen Xiaoduo , Yang Yi , Zhang Fuzhi , Wang Shijie , Shan Baoen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:This study aimed to estimate the time to precursor progression and to identify significant predicators.Methods:One hundred thirty‐three precursor and 311 normal cases detected in a population‐based screening were surveyed for 5.5 years. Precursor progression was defined as worsening of dysplasia or development of a new precursor. Time to precursor progression was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Significant predicators were estimated by Cox proportional regression.Results:Of the 133 precursor cases, 33.08% (44/133) progressed or recurred, 30.08% (40/133) persisted, and 36.84% (49/133) regressed; of the 311 normal subjects, 13.50% (42/311) developed a precursor. Progression occurred significantly earlier and more frequently with ncreasing histology: with mind dysplasia (mD), 7.8% progressed by 1 year and 23.3% progressed by 5 year; with moderate dysplasia (MD), 18% progressed by 1 year and 70% progressed by 5 years; and with severe dysplasia, 50% progressed by 1 year and 100% progressed by 5 years. The difference between any two groups was significant. In addition, the marginal Lugol‐stained mucosa at endoscopic mucosal resection had a progressing risk similar to that of MD, and basal cell hyperplasia was similar to that of mD. Significant predicators for precursor progression included male sex (hazard ratio and 95% CI: 2.74 (1.63–4.60)), age over 50 years (2.31 (1.33–4.02)), family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) (1.56 (1.00–2.45)), multifocal dysplasia (5.11 (3.01–8.68)), and baseline histology.Conclusions:Sex, age, family history of UGIC, multifocal dysplasia, and baseline histology are significant independent predicators for precursor progression. Patients after endoscopic mucosal resection should be continuously surveyed.
The Elders’ Measures: Barter, Value and Kinship in the Argentinean Andes
Authors: Angé Olivia 
Published: July 2015

ResumenEste artículo examina una modalidad andina de trueque llamada cambio. A diferencia de otras figuras de trueque, cambio refiere a una figura arquetípica de intercambio de productos agrícolas siguiendo normas consideradas heredadas por los ancestros. La teoría de valor planteada por los protagonistas constituye un aspecto fundamental para el entendimiento de las especificidades de esta transacción, y en particular su operatividad social. Este articulo muestra que el trueque no solo se desempeña en el marco de relaciones sociales previas, sino que también contribuye a la constitución de relaciones sociales especificas. En el cambio, estas relaciones están concebidas en el registro del parentesco, señalando así una identidad cultural implícita en un contexto étnico sumamente confuso. En su conjunto, este artículo explora como grupos sociales se constituyen a través de intercambios económicos destacando la importancia del trueque en este proceso. Nos indica un aspecto subetimado en la antropología económica donde esta operatividad social sigue asociada a la circulación de dones recíprocos.
Seeing the World Through “Pink‐Colored Glasses”: The Link Between Optimism and Pink
Authors: Kalay‐Shahin Lior , Cohen Allon , Lemberg Rachel , Harary Gil , Lobel Thalma E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigated optimism, which is considered a personality trait, from the grounded cognition perspective. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the association between pink and optimism. In Experiment 1A, 22 undergraduates (10 females; Mage = 23.68) were asked to classify words as optimistic or pessimistic as fast as possible. Half the words were presented in pink and half in black. Experiment 1B (N = 24; 14 females; Mage = 22.82) was identical to 1A except for the color of the words—black and light blue instead of pink—to rule out the possible influence of brightness. Experiment 2 exposed 144 participants (74 females; Mage = 25.18) to pink or yellow and then measured their optimism level. The findings for Experiments 1A and 1B indicated an association between pink and optimism regardless of brightness. Experiment 2 found that mere exposure to pink increased optimism levels for females. These results contribute to the dynamic view of personality, current views on optimism, and the growing literature on grounded cognition.
Property Assessment of Steamed Bread Added with Cellulase by Using Fuzzy Mathematical Model
Authors: Lu Qian , He Yaqiang , Liu Xiufang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study analyzed effects of cellulase on farinograph properties of wheat flour and extensograph properties of wheat dough and assessed sensory properties of steamed bread added with different contents of cellulase by fuzzy mathematical model. The result indicated that cellulase did not have significant effects on water absorption rate, stability time and development time of wheat flour. When the concentration of cellulase was 80 mg/kg, farinograph quality number reached peak value. Furthermore, cellulase impacted extensograph properties of wheat dough under different fermentation conditions. Sensory properties assessment based on fuzzy mathematical model showed the optimum concentration of cellulase was 60 mg/kg wheat flour if steamed bread with both good and medium sensory properties could be accepted by consumers. The result, which showed that cellulase could be used in steamed bread production to replace some unhealthy synthetic additives, will contribute greatly to the food safety in many Asian countries.Practical ApplicationsQuality of steamed bread is an important concern in cereal product industry. High content of dietary fiber negatively impacts sensory properties of steamed bread. Cellulase is a type of enzyme that could degrade dietary fiber. In order to make healthy steamed bread with good property, we use cellulase to replace synthetic chemicals in steamed bread production. The result of this study could be used in steamed bread processing. Furthermore, our idea will encourage more engineers to focus on the use of healthy additives in steamed bread processing.
Language Policies, Ideologies and Attitudes in Catalonia. Part 1: Reversing Language Shift in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Newman Michael , Trenchs‐Parera Mireia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis and a paired article to appear in a subsequent issue of this journal review the sociolinguistic and allied research on language attitudes, ideologies and practices in Catalonia in the context of two major sequential official language policies. The present article is devoted to the first policy called Normalització Lingüística (Linguistic Normalization), implemented in 1983 by the autonomous government of Catalonia. The policy was a language planning effort in a then bilingual society to reverse language shift from Catalan to Spanish in the aftermath of a dictatorship and linguistic repression.Our review of the research on that policy shows that language planners assumed modern constructions of languages as bounded units tied to distinct groups. Given the conflictive history of Spain, they explicitly set out to provide a supportive framework for Catalan that would not overly antagonize the large sector of Catalan society that was at the time mostly monolingual Spanish‐speaking. Normalization has been seen as largely successful, but a deeper look at the research shows much of the Catalonian population moving beyond those assumptions; for instance, a number of researchers point to a valuing of bilingualism as indexing a cosmopolitan identity. Even sectors that show more monolinguistic tendencies do so less out of pure ethnolinguistic loyalty than complex intersectionalities and personal ideological stances.The two stories behind each of these periods will be of interest to language planners as well as to researchers interested in the societal and individual challenges and changes emerging from the implementation of official language policies in bilingual and multilingual societies.
Integrating Intersectionality in Language, Gender, and Sexuality Research
Authors: Levon Erez 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I argue for the need to integrate intersectionality theory more fully in language, gender, and sexuality research. I outline the basic principles of what an intersectional approach to identity and identity‐linked speech entails, focusing particularly on the belief that an adequate description of lived experience, and hence social practice, requires us to consider the ways in which multiple systems of social categorization (e.g., gender and sexuality, race/ethnicity, social class, and place) intersect with one another in dynamic and mutually constitutive ways. I review research on the linguistic perception and production of gender and sexuality that has adopted an intersectional perspective to date and argue that while certain aspects of the theory have long had a foothold in work in this area, the field's engagement with the full ramifications of intersectionality as an analytical framework has been partial. I conclude with suggestions about how to anchor a more comprehensive approach to intersectionality in sociolinguistic research.
Disruption of the salivary gland muscle in tsetse, Glossina pallidipes Austen, as a result of salivary gland hypertrophy virus infection
Authors: GUERRA L. , STOFFOLANO J. G. , BELARDINELLI M. C. , GAMBELLINI G. , TADDEI A. R. , LAGHEZZA MASCI V. , FAUSTO A. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe secretory region of the salivary glands in Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) is characterized by an external muscle layer. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations provide a detailed description of the longitudinal muscle fibres and a comparison of their structure when affected by salivary gland hypertrophy virus. The virus is responsible for hypertrophy of the salivary glands in symptomatic flies, specifically of the muscle fibres, the cytoarchitecture of which is completely altered. Although observations did not reveal viral particles in the muscle cells of either asymptomatic or symptomatic flies, muscle fibres were enlarged and detached from one another and their associated basement membrane only in symptomatic flies. A decrease in type IV collagen labelling in the basement membrane of the muscles in symptomatic flies is reported and is considered a potential cause of the salivary gland muscle alteration and, possibly, myopathy. The maintenance of an organized muscular layer is essential for the normal secretion of saliva and hence its pathology in symptomatic tsetse flies could affect the normal transmission of the trypanosome that develops inside the salivary gland epithelium. Therefore, a better understanding of the possible role of the virus is essential in order to elucidate its impact on salivary deployment in symptomatic flies.
Low eosinophils during bronchiolitis in infancy are associated with lower risk of adulthood asthma
Authors: Backman Katri , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Ollikainen Hertta , Korppi Matti , Piippo‐Savolainen Eija 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundInfant bronchiolitis may be the first manifestation of asthma.AimTo evaluate the association of early‐childhood risk or protective factors for asthma and lung function reduction in adults 30 years after bronchiolitis in infancy.MethodsForty‐seven former bronchiolitis patients attended the clinical study at the median age of 29.5 years, including doctoral examination and measurement of post‐bronchodilator lung function with flow‐volume spirometry. Data on early‐life risk factors including blood eosinophil counts on admission for bronchiolitis and on convalescence 4–6 weeks after bronchiolitis were available.ResultsLow blood eosinophil count <0.25 × 10E9/l on admission for bronchiolitis was a significant protective factor and high blood eosinophil count >0.45 × 10E9/l on convalescence was a significant risk factor for asthma in adulthood independently from atopic status in infancy. Parental asthma and high blood eosinophil count >0.45 × 10E9/l during bronchiolitis were significant risk factors for irreversible airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio below the 5th percentile lower limit of normality after bronchodilation).ConclusionOur adjusted analyses confirmed that eosinopenia during infant bronchiolitis predicted low asthma risk and eosinophilia outside infection predicted high asthma risk up to the age of 28–31 years. Parental asthma and eosinophilia during bronchiolitis were recognized as risk factors for irreversible airway obstruction.
Influence of Defensiveness on Disability in a Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Population
Authors: Franklin Zoe C. , Smith Nickolas C. , Fowler Neil E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the following: (1) the proportion of the defensive high‐anxious personality type in a chronic pain population; (2) whether personality type affects the relationships between cognitive factors and disability.MethodSixty patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, referred to a hospital for treatment, completed questionnaires assessing defensiveness, trait anxiety, pain intensity, disability, depression, catastrophizing, self‐efficacy, and kinesiophobia. Personality type was assessed using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Marlowe‐Crowne Social Desirability Scale.ResultsWithin the defensive high‐anxious group, lower levels of self‐efficacy, and high levels of depression and catastrophizing most strongly predicted perceptions of disability. Interestingly, the cognitive variables failed to significantly predict disability for individuals lower in anxiety and defensiveness; however, pain intensity did have a greater effect, explaining 36% of the variance.ConclusionsThe interaction between defensiveness and anxiety plays an important role in patients' perceptions of, and outcomes from, chronic pain. Differentiating the defensive high‐anxious group revealed different patterns of relationship between a range of cognitive factors and disability. This highlights the necessity of assessing personality characteristics that include defensiveness in order to identify those individuals who may be more vulnerable to cognitive factors influencing their perceptions of disability. If personality type is identified as a predictor of poor adjustment, interventions could be customized to the unique needs of this group (eg. high defensive and anxious individuals).
Morphological and structural plasticity of grassland species in response to a gradient in saline‐sodic soils
Authors: Huang Y. , Song Y. , Li G. , Drake P. L. , Zheng W. , Li Z. , Zhou D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe abundance and distribution of species can be ascribed to both environmental heterogeneity and stress tolerance, with the latter measure sometimes associated with phenotypic plasticity. Although phenotypic plasticity varies predictably in response to common forms of stress, we lack a mechanistic understanding of the response of species to high saline‐sodic soils. We compared the phenotypic plasticity of three pairs of high and low saline‐sodic tolerant congeners from the families Poaceae (Leymus chinensis versus L. secalinus), Fabaceae (Lespedeza davurica versus L. bicolor) and Asteraceae (Artemisia mongolica versus A. sieversiana) in a controlled pot experiment in the Songnen grassland, China. The low tolerant species, L. secalinus and A. sieversiana exhibited higher plasticity in response to soil salinity and sodicity than their paired congeners. Highly tolerant species, L. chinensis and A. mongolica, had higher values for several important morphological traits, such as shoot length and total biomass under the high saline‐sodic soil treatment than their paired congeners. In contrast, congeners from the family Fabaceae, L. davurica and L. bicolor, did not exhibit significantly different plasticity in response to soil salinity and sodicity. All species held a constant reproductive effort in response to saline‐sodic soil stress. The different responses between low and high tolerant species offer an explanation for the distribution patterns of these species in the Songnen grassland. Highly tolerant species showed less morphological plasticity over a range of saline‐sodic conditions than their paired congeners, which may manifest as an inability to compete with co‐occurring species in locations where saline‐sodic soils are absent.
Dementia in elderly inpatients admitted to medical wards in Brazil: diagnosis and comorbidity with other clinical diseases
Authors: Maia Erica , Steglich Matheus Souza , Lima Alice Ponte , Zanella Troncoso Iris Hermes , da Silva Karina Ilheu , Martins Tassiane Raquel Cunha , Correa Neto Ylmar , Lopes Marcos Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundSpecific comorbidities affect older patients with dementia admitted to general hospitals and may complicate the recognition of dementia. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of dementia among elderly inpatients admitted to hospital medical wards and to identify its distribution across clinical and sociodemographic conditions.MethodsFrom June 2011 to May 2012, a sample of elderly inpatients (≥60 years old) were screened for dementia with the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the Bayer Activities of Daily Living Scale to identify cognitive and functional impairment (CFI). Subjects with CFI underwent a diagnostic procedure for dementia using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. The elderly inpatients also completed a standard questionnaire to investigate sociodemographic and clinical variables and a screening procedure for depression and delirium. The data obtained were submitted to univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe sample of 224 subjects had a mean age of 71.5 years and was mostly men (62.2%), poorly educated (≤4 years of schooling: 74.6%), and married (53.4%). CFI was observed in 84 subjects (prevalence: 37.4%; 95% confidence interval: 31.1–43.7), and dementia was observed in 31 subjects (prevalence: 17.2%; 95% confidence interval: 12.3–22.1). Dementia was related to older age and the presence of delirium, stroke, and pneumonia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CFI and dementia was high among the elderly inpatients examined. The identification of medical and sociodemographic conditions associated with a dementia diagnosis in a general hospital may be useful in the development of preventative actions.
New Artificial Insemination Technologies for Swine
Authors: Bortolozzo FP , Menegat MB , Mellagi APG , Bernardi ML , Wentz I 
Published: July 2015

ContentsBetter efficiency in swine artificial insemination (AI) is accomplished by reducing the necessary number of sperm cells and achieving high reproductive performance. Some strategies have been developed for use under field conditions, such as the site of sperm deposition (post‐cervical AI), a single AI with control of oestrus and ovulation (fixed‐time AI), and the better use of high genetic merit boars, to spread their genes as much as possible. To apply these technologies, it is important to understand some anatomical limits, physiological aspects and farm requirements. In this review, we point out some strategies to achieve higher efficiency on the use of sperm for AI technology application in swine species.