bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term variations in the intensity of polar cap plasma flows inferred from SuperDARN
Authors: Koustov A. V. , Fiori R. A. D. , Abooali zadeh Z. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMultiyear (1995–2013) velocity data collected by the Super Dual Auroral Network (SuperDARN) HF radars are considered to investigate the diurnal, seasonal, and solar cycle variation of the polar cap plasma flow speed. By considering monthly data sets, we show that the flows are systematically faster in the dawn/prenoon sector. The effect is particularly strong for interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz < 0, By > 0 and in summer months. For Bz < 0, the flow speed increases with intensification of the IMF transverse component Bt at a rate of 20–30 m/s/nT during near noon summer hours. The dependence is weaker for other seasons and away from noon. For IMF Bz > 0, the flow speed response to the increase in Bt is weak. Despite the general sensitivity of the flow speed to Bt intensity and season, the speed for specific IMF bins and seasons or the speed averaged over a year does not change much over the solar cycle. Overall, the velocity is reduced during years of lowest solar activity, but a progression of the effect throughout the solar cycle was not observed. Inferred diurnal and seasonal trends of the polar cap flow speed are generally consistent with variations in the occurrence of VHF echoes whose onset depends on the strength of the ionospheric electric field or equivalently the magnitude of the plasma flow speed.
Impact breaching of Europa's ice: Constraints from numerical modeling
Authors: Cox Rónadh , Bauer Aaron W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNumerical simulations show that impactors can penetrate Europa's ice, creating conduits to the underlying ocean. Breaching becomes inevitable when transient cavity depth exceeds 90% of ice thickness. Results indicate that a 0.5 km comet would penetrate 5 km ice, and a 5 km comet could breach 40 km ice. Thinner ice would be breached more frequently, thicker ice less so, but even the 40 km upper estimates for ice thickness would be penetrated by comets with recurrence intervals less than 250 Ma. If actual ice thickness is 8–13 km (indicated by comparing Europan and simulated crater geometries), the ocean could be exposed by impactors in the range 0.7–1.5 km, which have recurrence intervals ≈3 to 7 Ma. Thus, it seems that Europa's ice has been penetrated often in the past and possibly in geologically recent time. The largest known impact sites, Callanish and Tyre, probably represent transition from craters to penetrating impacts. The geomorphic expression of full penetration must exist on the surface; chaos terrain is a candidate. Astrobiological materials could be transported to the ocean via these impact‐created conduits.
An Improved Dual Unscented Kalman Filter for State and Parameter Estimation
Authors: Yu Anxi , Liu Ye , Zhu Jubo , Dong Zhen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA dual unscented Kalman filter (DUKF) is used to estimate the state and the parameter simultaneously via two parallel unscented Kalman filters. The original DUKF usually has performance degradation as a result of assuming the control inputs of each filter are constant, which usually are disturbance inputs or systematic measurement errors in the control system. An improved dual unscented Kalman filter (IDUKF) with random control inputs and sequential dual estimation structure is derived and applicable to the system in which the parameter is linearly observed and uncorrelated with the state. The accuracy, observability, and computational efficiency of the new filter are discussed. Then, the expansibility of the IDUKF for nonlinear parameter observed substructures is investigated. Finally, two simulation experiments about space target tracking and typical time series filtering are shown. The theoretical analyses and simulation results demonstrate the following. (1) the IDUKF can obtain higher accuracy than the original DUKF and a comparative accuracy with the JUKF (joint unscented Kalman filter) when the state and the parameter are not strongly correlated; (2) the IDUKF has better applicability than the DUKF when the state is correlated with the unknown parameter; (3) when the modeling error is not ignorable, the IDUKF is more robust and more accurate than the JUKF due to lower sensitivity to the modeling error.
Functional localization of the human color center by decreased water displacement using diffusion‐weighted fMRI
Authors: Williams Rebecca J. , Reutens David C. , Hocking Julia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionDecreased water displacement following increased neural activity has been observed using diffusion‐weighted functional MRI (DfMRI) at high b‐values. The physiological mechanisms underlying the diffusion signal change may be unique from the standard blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast and closer to the source of neural activity. Whether DfMRI reflects neural activity more directly than BOLD outside the primary cerebral regions remains unclear.MethodsColored and achromatic Mondrian visual stimuli were statistically contrasted to functionally localize the human color center Area V4 in neurologically intact adults. Spatial and temporal properties of DfMRI and BOLD activation were examined across regions of the visual cortex.ResultsAt the individual level, DfMRI activation patterns showed greater spatial specificity to V4 than BOLD. The BOLD activation patterns were more prominent in the primary visual cortex than DfMRI, where activation was localized to the ventral temporal lobe. Temporally, the diffusion signal change in V4 and V1 both preceded the corresponding hemodynamic response, however the early diffusion signal change was more evident in V1.ConclusionsDfMRI may be of use in imaging applications implementing cognitive subtraction paradigms, and where highly precise individual functional localization is required.
Wnt5A exerts immunomodulatory activity in the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV‐3
Authors: Arabzadeh Somayeh , Hossein Ghamartaj , Zarnani Amir Hassan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was three fold: (1) to reveal the implications of Wnt5A for cytokine and chemokine production by human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV‐3 cells, (2) to determine the influence of Wnt5A on chemotactic SKOV‐3 cell migration, and (3) to assess the effect of inflammatory mediators on Wnt5A expression levels and to describe its underlying molecular mechanisms. A cytokine array was performed using a conditioned medium harvested from SKOV‐3 cells transfected with specific siRNAs against Wnt5A or with scrambled siRNA and a transfection reagent alone as negative controls for 48 h. Chemotactic cell migration was performed using transwells. Inflammation‐induced Wnt5A expression was determined by treating cells with recombinant human (rh) IL‐1β, IFNβ, or TNFα alone or in combination with STAT3 and NF‐κB inhibitors for different time durations. The cytokine array showed the suppression of GCSF, GM‐CSF, IL‐1α, IL‐2, IL‐13, and MCP‐3 production, whereas cell RANTES and IL‐7 showed increased levels in Wnt5A knock‐down cells compared with those in controls. Chemotactic migration decreased significantly when the conditioned medium from Wnt5A knock‐down cells was applied to the upper chamber of the transwell. Compared with the control, there were 30‐fold and five‐fold increases in Wnt5A mRNA levels in cells treated, with rhIL‐1β and rhIFNβ, respectively after 8 h (P < 0.001). Compared with the control, TNF‐α had a 1.8‐fold increased levels of Wnt5A mRNA after 4 h (P < 0.01). Both NF‐κB and STAT3 inhibitors decreased inflammation‐induced Wnt5A expression. This study revealed a previously unrecognized immunomodulatory role of endogenous Wnt5A in ovarian cancer cells, which could further influence chemotactic cell migration.
Mechanistic Understanding of the Divergent Cyclizations of o‐Alkynylbenzaldehyde Acetals and Thioacetals Catalyzed by Metal Halides
Authors: Mi Yanhua , Zhou Tao , Wang Kung‐Pern , Lee Daesung , Xia Yuanzhi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Yuanzhi Xia at Wenzhou University (P.R. China) and Daesung Lee at University of Illinois at Chicago (USA). The image depicts the mechanistic understanding of the regiodivergent cyclizations of­ o‐alkynylbenzaldehyde acetals and thioacetals catalyzed by metal halides. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502469.
Neuropeptide F neurons modulate sugar reward during associative olfactory learning of Drosophila larvae
Authors: Rohwedder Astrid , Selcho Mareike , Chassot Bérénice , Thum Andreas S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAll organisms continuously have to adapt their behavior according to changes in the environment in order to survive. Experience‐driven changes in behavior are usually mediated and maintained by modifications in signaling within defined brain circuits. Given the simplicity of the larval brain of Drosophila and its experimental accessibility on the genetic and behavioral level, we analyzed if Drosophila neuropeptide F (dNPF) neurons are involved in classical olfactory conditioning. dNPF is an ortholog of the mammalian neuropeptide Y, a highly conserved neuromodulator that stimulates food‐seeking behavior. We provide a comprehensive anatomical analysis of the dNPF neurons on the single‐cell level. We demonstrate that artificial activation of dNPF neurons inhibits appetitive olfactory learning by modulating the sugar reward signal during acquisition. No effect is detectable for the retrieval of an established appetitive olfactory memory. The modulatory effect is based on the joint action of three distinct cell types that, if tested on the single‐cell level, inhibit and invert the conditioned behavior. Taken together, our work describes anatomically and functionally a new part of the sugar reinforcement signaling pathway for classical olfactory conditioning in Drosophila larvae. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2637–2664, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precision‐tuning and hybrid pricer for closed‐form solution‐based Heston calibration
Authors: Brugger Christian , Liu Gongda , De Schryver Christian , Wehn Norbert 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCalibration methods are the heart of modeling any financial process. While for the Heston model (semi) closed‐form solutions exist for simple products, their evaluation involves complex functions and infinite integrals. So far, these integrals can only be solved with time‐consuming numerical methods. For that reason, calibration consumes a large portion of available compute power in the daily finance business.However, more and more theoretical and practical subtleties have been discovered over the years, and today, a large number of calibration methods are available. Currently, there is no clear indication which numerical method should be used for a specific calibration purpose under given speed and accuracy constraints. With this publication, we aim at closing this gap. We derive a novel methodology for systematically finding the best methods for a well‐defined accuracy target. For a practical setup, we study the available popular closed‐form solutions and integration algorithms. In total, we compare 14 numerical methods, including adaptive quadrature and Fourier methods. For a target accuracy of 10−3, we show that adaptive Gauss–Kronrod methods are best on CPUs for the unrestricted parameter set. Furthermore, we introduce hybrid pricer methods that combine quadrature and fast Fourier transform pricers, what gives us another 2.4× speedup. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predator‐prey interactions in selected slow and fast developing females of a ladybird,Propylea dissecta
Authors: Siddiqui Arshi , Omkar  , Mishra Geetanjali 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTDevelopment rate polymorphism describes the scenario in which individuals exhibit distinct differences in their rate of development resulting in slow and fast developers even from the same clutch of eggs. Previously we showed that in ladybird,Propylea dissectafast developers have higher foraging and predation rates than slow developers. But correlation between foraging efficacies with reproductive output of female remains unexplored. We selected slow and fast developmental rate for 15 generations in aP. dissectaand assessed female functional response and numerical response by using varying prey biomasses (A. pisum). We evaluated predatory parameters: prey consumption, attack rate, handling time, and the reproductive measures: number of eggs laid, egg, and body biomass conversion efficiencies. Overall, both group ofP. dissectashowed increased prey biomasses curvilinear for consumption rate demonstrating the physiological capacity of foraging for food are mutually exclusive behaviors (i.e., Holling's Type‐II functional response). Consumption rate and proportion of prey consumed was higher, and prey handling time was shorter, in experimental fast developers. However, prey attack rate was higher in experimental slow developers. The functional response of experimental fast developers got elevated whereas got depressed for control slow‐fast developers. Our results suggest that slow developers may perform better at low prey biomass than fast developers due to their high attack rate whereas high density prey may favour fast developers due to their shorter prey handling time and higher consumption rates. This study is first attempt to evaluate predatory responses of experimentally selected lines of slow and fast developers.J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 745–756, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Countermeasures Against the Strategic Use of Evidence Technique: Effects on Suspects' Strategies
Authors: Luke Timothy J. , Hartwig Maria , Shamash Benjamin , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) technique becomes more widely taught to practitioners, it is important to investigate possible countermeasures to the technique. It is possible that guilty suspects who are aware of the SUE technique will employ forthcoming verbal strategies to make themselves appear innocent. Mock suspects committed a richly detailed simulated transgression (or a benign analogue) and were interviewed about their activities. Prior to questioning, some suspects received information about SUE tactics the interviewer was likely to use. Guilty suspects who were informed about the SUE technique employed more verbally forthcoming strategies than their uninformed counterparts. Guilty suspects who were given SUE information also reported planning for the interview in different ways. However, guilty‐informed suspects did not become as forthcoming as innocent suspects overall. In sum, it appears that information about the SUE technique induces guilty suspects to alter their strategies, but only to a relatively small degree.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐conformal FETI‐like domain decomposition approach of FE‐BI‐MLFMA for 3‐D electromagnetic scattering/radiation problems
Authors: Gao Hong‐Wei , Yang Ming‐Lin , Sheng Xin‐Qing 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA non‐conformal finite element tearing and interconnecting‐like (FETI‐like) domain decomposition approach (DDA) of the hybrid finite element–boundary integral–multilevel fast multipole algorithm (FE‐BI‐MLFMA) is presented by integrating a series efficient techniques for computing electromagnetic scattering/radiation problems. The Robin transmission condition is employed to cement the non‐conformal meshes on the interconnected surfaces between the interior and exterior regions and between sub‐domains in the interior region. The FETI‐like technique is applied to reduce the FE‐BI matrix equation. Furthermore, a preconditioner is constructed to accelerate the convergent speed of this non‐conformal FETI‐like DDA. The numerical performance of the presented non‐conformal FETI‐like DDA‐FE‐BI‐MLFMA is studied for scattering/radiation problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allium vegetables and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: a meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Guercio Valentina , Turati Federica , La Vecchia Carlo , Galeone Carlotta , Tavani Alessandra 
Published: October 2015

ScopeTo provide updated quantitative overall estimations of the relation between total allium, garlic, and onion intake on the risk of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT).Methods and resultsWe combined data of published observational studies (21 case–control and four cohort studies), using a meta‐analytic approach and random effects models. The overall relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the squamous cell carcinoma of the UADT were 0.79 (95% CI 0.56–1.11) for total allium, 0.74 (95% CI 0.57–0.95) for garlic, and 0.72 (95% CI 0.57–0.91) for onion for the highest versus the lowest consumption. The inverse relation was apparently stronger in case–control studies (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.83 for total allium), in Chinese studies (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.98 for garlic intake), and for esophageal than for head and neck cancers. Apparently, there was no relation between allium vegetable intake and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.ConclusionWe found a moderate inverse association between allium vegetable intake and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the UADT in case–control studies. The relation was unclear in cohort studies and for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
A structure‐preserving doubling algorithm for Lur'e equations
Authors: Poloni Federico , Reis Timo 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe introduce a numerical method for the numerical solution of theLur'e equations, a system of matrix equations that arises, for instance, in linear‐quadratic infinite time horizon optimal control. We focus on small‐scale, dense problems. Via a Cayley transformation, the problem is transformed to the discrete‐time case, and the structural infinite eigenvalues of the associated matrix pencil are deflated. The deflated problem is associated with a symplectic pencil with several Jordan blocks of eigenvalue 1 and even size, which arise from the nontrivial Kronecker chains at infinity of the original problem. For the solution of this modified problem, we use thestructure‐preserving doubling algorithm. Implementation issues such as the choice of the parameterγin the Cayley transform are discussed. The most interesting feature of this method, with respect to the competing approaches, is the absence of arbitrary rank decisions, which may be ill‐posed and numerically troublesome. The numerical examples presented confirm the effectiveness of this method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Lost Tribes of Israel – and the Genesis of Christianity in Fiji: Missionary Notions of Fijian Origin from 1835 to Cession and Beyond
Authors: Newland Lynda 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe idea that certain iTaukei (formerly ‘Fijian’) clans are descended from the Jews, particularly through a Lost Tribe of Israel, is very strong among some contemporary clans and church groups in Fiji. The importance of the Lost Tribes was reinforced in the 1987 coups, when it formed part of the political rhetoric of the coup leader, Sitiveni Rabuka, who was also a lay preacher of the Methodist Church. In order to understand such claims, I review the historical record from 1835 to Cession in 1874 to evaluate when the idea of the Lost Tribes began to be used and, more broadly, the extent to which Christianity was the language for engagement and/or resistance between missionaries and Fijians. At the same time, I explore the developing missionary discourses and their relationship with newly emerging ideas about the science of origins. The evidence indicates that, as certain ideas became routinised around the time of Cession, Christianity and science together provided a grammar that enabled many Fijians to strongly identify with the Old Testament.
Temperature and pH dual‐sensitive polyaspartamide derivatives for antitumor drug delivery
Authors: Ma Yingying , Zhang Guangyan , Li Lingjuan , Yu Huan , Liu Jia , Wang Chaoqun , Chu Yanfeng , Zhuo Renxi , Jiang Xulin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe pH‐sensitive tertiary amino groups were introduced to synthesize temperature and pH dual‐sensitive degradable polyaspartamide derivatives (phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA) containing pendant aromatic structures and ionizable tertiary amino groups. The thermo/pH‐responsive behavior of phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA polymer can be tuned by adjusting the graft copolymer composition. Due to the pH sensitivity of the phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA‐g‐mPEG polymer with hydrophilic long PEG chain, the micelles and the anticancer drug‐loaded micelles were prepared by a quick pH‐changing method without using toxic organic solvent. The obtained polymeric micelles, paclitaxel‐loaded micelles and doxorubicin‐loaded micelles were stable under physiological conditions. Both the drug‐loaded micelles showed much faster release at pH 5 than at pH 7.4. The doxorubicin‐loaded micelles showed obvious and better anticancer activity against both HepG2 and HeLa cells than free doxorubicin. Thus these nontoxic, dual thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive phe/DEAE‐g‐PHPA‐g‐mPEG micelles may be a promising anticancer drug delivery system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 879–888
Ethylene/1‐heptene copolymers as interesting alternatives to 1‐octene‐based LLDPE: Molecular structure and physical properties
Authors: Ndiripo Anthony , Joubert Dawid , Pasch Harald 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTClassical linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) are copolymers of ethylene and 1‐octene or 1‐hexene, respectively. In the past, other 1‐olefins have been tested as comonomers but the resulting LLDPEs were never commercialized as large scale products. The present study focuses on the use of 1‐heptene as an interesting comonomer for the synthesis of LLDPE. For a comparison of the molecular structure and the physical properties of 1‐heptene‐ and 1‐octene‐based LLDPEs, five Ziegler–Natta LLDPEs of varying comonomer contents based on 1‐heptene and 1‐octene, respectively, were acquired and analysed using advanced methods. The comonomer contents of the resins were between 0.35 and 6.4 mol %. Crystallization‐based techniques revealed similar bimodal distributions that are due to the formation of copolymer and polyethylene homopolymer fractions. The compositional distribution of the copolymers was studied by high‐temperature (HT) HPLC and HT‐2D‐LC. The analytical results indicate similar chemical heterogeneities and molar mass distributions of the two sets of LLDPE up to a comonomer content of 3 mol %. Similar to the molecular structure, the physical properties of the materials are quite similar. At comonomer contents of ≥3 mol % differences between the two sets of samples are seen that are attributed to differences in the abilities of 1‐heptene and 1‐octene in disrupting the crystal arrangements of the polymer chains in solid state. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 962–975