bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vocal repertoire of adult male blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stulmanni): A quantitative analysis of acoustic structure
Authors: Fuller James Lewis 
Published: October 2013

AbstractVocal signals are key elements in understanding species' behavior, sociality, and evolution. Quantified repertoires serve as foundations for investigating usage and function of particular signals, and also provide a basis for comparative analyses among individuals, populations, and taxa to explore how entire signal systems evolve. This study presents a descriptive catalogue of all vocal signals used by adult male blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni). During 12 months in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, I observed and digitally recorded vocal behavior of 32 adult males across a variety of socioecological contexts. From recordings, I measured 18 temporal‐frequency parameters. Undirected ordination and hierarchical cluster analysis identified six distinct call types regularly used by males: ant, boom, ka, katrain, nasal scream, and pyow. Cross‐validated discriminant function analysis supported the classifications. The repertoire is best described as discrete, though some gradation occurs between pyows and ants. Summary of acoustic structure and exemplar spectrograms are provided for each call type, along with preliminary examination of socioecological contexts in which they were produced. Discussion addresses repertoire structure, similarity to other taxa, and potential for functional inferences. Am. J. Primatol. 9999:1–14, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technical Note: Virtual reconstruction of KNM‐ER 1813 Homo habilis cranium
Authors: Benazzi Stefano , Gruppioni Giorgio , Strait David S. , Hublin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA very limiting factor for paleoanthropological studies is the poor state of preservation of the human fossil record, where fragmentation and deformation are considered normal. Although anatomical information can still be gathered from a distorted fossil, such specimens must typically be excluded from advanced morphological and morphometric analyses, thus reducing the fossil sample size and, ultimately, our knowledge of human evolution. In this contribution we provide the first digital reconstruction of the KNM‐ER 1813 Homo habilis cranium. Based on state of‐the‐art three‐dimensional digital modeling and geometric morphometric (GM) methods, the facial portion was aligned to the neurocranium, the overall distortion was removed, and the missing regions were restored. The reconstructed KNM‐ER 1813 allows for an adjustment of the anthropometric measurements gathered on the original fossil. It is suitable for further quantitative studies, such as GM analyses focused on skull morphology or for finite element analysis to explore the mechanics of early Homo feeding behavior and diet. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:154–160, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Situating mortality: Quantifying crisis points and periods of stability
Authors: Sawchuk Lawrence A. , Tripp Lianne , Damouras Sotirios , DeBono Mark 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA wide range of stressors can cause a dramatic and sudden rise in the death rate in populations, typically resulting in what is referred to as crisis mortality. Here we present a method to standardize the assessment of identifying moments of crises. A modification of the mortality Z‐score methodology which is combined with time series analysis was used to investigate mortality events over the course of nearly two centuries for two populations: Gibraltar and Malta. A benefit of this method is that it situates the yearly death rate within the prevailing mortality pattern, and by doing so allows the researcher to assess the relative impact of that event against the norm for the period under investigation. A series of threshold values were established to develop levels of mortality to distinguish moments of lower mortality than expected, background mortality, a crisis, and a catastrophe. Our findings suggested that within defined periods, a limited number of events constituted moments of excessive mortality in the range of a crisis or higher. These included epidemics (yellow fever and influenza in Gibraltar only, and cholera) and casualties associated with World War II. Episodes of lower than expected mortality were only detected (although not significant) in the 20th century in Malta, and at the micro level, the harvesting effect appears to have occurred following cholera epidemics in both locations and influenza in Gibraltar. The analysis demonstrates clearly that the impact of epidemics can be highly variable across time and populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:459–470, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surfactant–Thermal Method to Synthesize a Novel Two‐Dimensional Oxochalcogenide
Authors: Gao Junkuo , Tay Qiuling , Li Pei‐Zhou , Xiong Wei‐Wei , Zhao Yanli , Chen Zhong , Zhang Qichun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new two‐dimensional (2D) oxosulfide, (N2H4)2Mn3Sb4S8(μ3‐OH)2 (1), has been successfully synthesized under surfactant–thermal conditions with hexadecyltributylphosphonium bromide as the surfactant. Compound 1 has a layered structure and contains a novel [Mn3(μ3‐OH)2]n chain along the b‐axis. The photocatalytic activity for compound 1 has been demonstrated under visible‐light irradiation and continuous H2 evolution was observed. Our results indicate that surfactant–thermal synthesis could be a promising method for growing novel crystalline oxochalcogenides with interesting structures and properties.
Type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Sidloff D A , Stather P W , Choke E , Bown M J , Sayers R D 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim was to assess the risk of rupture, and determine the benefits of intervention for the treatment of type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Methods
This systematic review was done according to PRISMA guidelines. Outcome data included incidence, spontaneous resolution, sac expansion, interventions, clinical success, and complications including conversion to open repair, and rupture.

Results
Thirty-two non-randomized retrospective studies were included, totalling 21 744 patients who underwent EVAR. There were 1515 type II endoleaks and 393 interventions. Type II endoleak was seen in 10·2 per cent of patients after EVAR; 35·4 per cent resolved spontaneously. Fourteen patients (0·9 per cent) with isolated type II endoleak had ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm; six of these did not have known aneurysm sac expansion. Of 393 interventions for type II endoleak, 28·5 per cent were unsuccessful. Translumbar embolization had a higher clinical success rate than transarterial embolization (81 versus 62·5 per cent respectively; P = 0·024) and fewer recurrent endoleaks were reported (19 versus 35·8 per cent; P = 0·036). Transarterial embolization also had a higher rate of complications (9·2 per cent versus none; P = 0·043).

Conclusion
Aortic aneurysm rupture after EVAR secondary to an isolated type II endoleak is rare (less than 1 per cent), but over a third occur in the absence of sac expansion. Translumbar embolization had a higher success rate with a lower risk of complications.
Randomized clinical trial of a simple pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre to reduce pain after laparoscopy
Authors: Khanna A , Sezen E , Barlow A , Rayt H , Finch J G 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Shoulder tip and abdominal pain following laparoscopic procedures are well recognized causes of postoperative morbidity. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial attempts were made to reduce postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery by implementing a simple intraoperative technique.

Methods
Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy or laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair were randomized to receive either the current standard treatment (control group) or an intervention to remove residual carbon dioxide. In the intervention group, the pneumoperitoneum was removed at the end of the operation by placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position and utilizing a pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre consisting of two manual inflations to a maximum pressure of 60 cmH2O. In the control group, residual pneumoperitoneum was evacuated at the end of the procedure by passive decompression via the open operative ports.

Results
Seventy-six randomly assigned patients, 37 in the intervention group and 39 in the control group, were recruited. Overall postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the intervention group (P = 0·001). Median (interquartile range) pain scores were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group at both 12 h (3·5 versus 5; P &lt; 0·010) and 24 h (3 versus 4·5; P &lt; 0·010).

Conclusion
Active evacuation of residual pneumoperitoneum following laparoscopic procedures, by means of two pulmonary recruitment manoeuvres in the Trendelenburg position, reduces postoperative pain significantly. This simple and safe technique can be implemented routinely after abdominal laparoscopy. Registration number: NCT01720433 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Systematic review and meta-analysis of continuous local anaesthetic wound infiltrationversusepidural analgesia for postoperative pain following abdominal surgery
Authors: Ventham N T , Hughes M , O'Neill S , Johns N , Brady R R , Wigmore S J 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundLocal anaesthetic wound infiltration techniques reduce opiate requirements and pain scores. Wound catheters have been introduced to increase the duration of action of local anaesthetic by continuous infusion. The aim was to compare these infiltration techniques with the current standard of epidural analgesia.MethodsA meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating wound infiltration versus epidural analgesia in abdominal surgery was performed. The primary outcome was pain score at rest after 24 h on a numerical rating scale. Secondary outcomes were pain scores at rest at 48 h, and on movement at 24 and 48 h, with subgroup analysis according to incision type and administration regimen (continuous versus bolus), opiate requirements, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, catheter-related complications and treatment failure.ResultsNine RCTs with a total of 505 patients were included. No differences in pain scores at rest 24 h after surgery were detected between epidural and wound infiltration. There were no significant differences in pain score at rest after 48 h, or on movement at 24 or 48 h after surgery. Epidural analgesia demonstrated a non-significant a trend towards reduced pain scores on movement and reduced opiate requirements. There was a reduced incidence of urinary retention in the wound catheter group.ConclusionWithin a heterogeneous group of RCTs, use of local anaesthetic wound infiltration was associated with pain scores comparable to those obtained with epidural analgesia. Further procedure-specific RCTs including broader measures of recovery are recommended to compare the overall efficacy of epidural and wound infiltration analgesic techniques.
Plannedversusunplanned portal vein resections during pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim P T W , Wei A C , Atenafu E G , Cavallucci D , Cleary S P , Moulton C-A , Greig P D , Gallinger S , Serra S , McGilvray I D 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe management of portal vein (PV) involvement by pancreatic adenocarcinoma during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of unplanned and planned PV resections as part of PD.MethodsAn analysis of PD over 11 years was performed. Patients who had undergone PV resection (PV-PD) were identified, and categorized into those who had undergone planned or unplanned resection. Postoperative and oncological outcomes were compared.ResultsOf 249 patients who underwent PD for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 66 (26·5 per cent) had PV-PD, including 27 (41 per cent) planned and 39 (59 per cent) unplanned PV resections. Twenty-five of 27 planned PV resections were circumferential PV-PD, whereas 25 of 39 unplanned PV resections were partial PV-PD. Planned PV resections were performed in slightly younger patients (mean(s.d.) 60(9) versus 65(10) years; P = 0·031), and associated with longer operating times (mean(s.d.) 602(131) versus 458(83) min; P &lt; 0·001) and more major complications (26 versus 5 per cent; P = 0·026). Planned PV resections were associated with a lower rate of positive margins (4 versus 44 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) despite being carried out for larger tumours (mean(s.d.) 3·9(1·4) versus 2·9(1·0) cm; P = 0·002). There was no difference in survival between the two groups (P = 0·998). On multivariable analysis, margin status was a significant predictor of survival.ConclusionAlthough planned PV resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were associated with higher rates of postoperative morbidity than unplanned resections, R0 resection rates were better.
Impact of bowel dysfunction on quality of life after sphincter-preserving resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Emmertsen K J , Laurberg S , Jess P , Madsen M R , Nielsen H J , Ovesen A U , Salomon S , Nielsen K Thygesen , Vilandt J 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Bowel dysfunction after sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer is a common complication, with the potential to affect quality of life (QoL) strongly. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of bowel dysfunction and impact on health-related QoL after curative sphincter-preserving resection for rectal cancer.

Methods
QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and bowel function using a validated questionnaire, including the recently developed low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score. Assessments were carried out at the time of diagnosis, and at 3 and 12 months after surgery.

Results
A total of 260 patients were included in the study. At 3 months, 58·0 per cent of patients had a LARS score of 30 or more (major LARS), which declined to 45·9 per cent at 12 months (P &lt; 0·001). The risk of major LARS was significantly increased in patients who received neoadjuvant therapy (odds ratio 2·41, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·00 to 5·83), and after total versus partial mesorectal excision (odds ratio 2·81, 1·35 to 5·88). Global health status was closely associated with LARS, and significant differences in global health status, functional and symptom scales of QoL were found between patients without LARS and those with major LARS.

Conclusion
Bowel dysfunction is a major problem with an immense impact on QoL following sphincter-preserving resection. The risk of major LARS was significantly increased after neoadjuvant therapy and total mesorectal excision.
The effect of sacral nerve stimulation on distal colonic motility in patients with faecal incontinence (Br J Surg 2013; 100: 959–968)
Authors: Smart N 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Recent Advances in the Stabilization of Platinum Electrocatalysts for Fuel‐Cell Reactions
Authors: Cao Minna , Wu Dongshuang , Cao Rong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) feature high energy densities, low operating temperatures, and low environmental impact, which make them a promising technology for power applications. As a key component of PEMFCs, Pt‐based catalysts are still under widespread investigation and have shown exciting performance; however, to move towards their successful commercialization, focusing solely on their catalytic activity is not sufficient. Instead, more effort is required to improve their stability and to decrease costs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of current research activities that have concentrated on how to stabilize the Pt‐based catalysts. We devote the most attention to the structure‐optimization of the Pt‐based catalysts and the development of advanced supports. The feasible strategies for structure optimization are subdivided into three groups: 1) dimension effects; 2) electronic and bifunctional effects; and 3) steric effects. Then, we discuss the techniques that have been developed for improving carbon black and for generating various types of carbon‐free supports and composites supports (e.g., graphite, carbon nanotubes, new‐type oxides and nitrides, and macromolecules). An outlook on the future trends and developments in this area is also provided at the end of the review.
para‐Substituted 2‐Phenyl‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐4‐ones As Potent and Selective Tankyrase Inhibitors
Authors: Haikarainen Teemu , Koivunen Jarkko , Narwal Mohit , Venkannagari Harikanth , Obaji Ezeogo , Joensuu Päivi , Pihlajaniemi Taina , Lehtiö Lari 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHuman tankyrases are attractive drug targets, especially for the treatment of cancer. We identified a set of highly potent tankyrase inhibitors based on a 2‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐4‐one scaffold. Substitutions at the para position of the scaffold′s phenyl group were evaluated as a strategy to increase potency and improve selectivity. The best compounds displayed single‐digit nanomolar potencies, and profiling against several human diphtheria‐toxin‐like ADP‐ribosyltransferases revealed that a subset of these compounds are highly selective tankyrase inhibitors. The compounds also effectively inhibit Wnt signaling in HEK293 cells. The binding mode of all inhibitors was studied by protein X‐ray crystallography. This allowed us to establish a structural basis for the development of highly potent and selective tankyrase inhibitors based on the 2‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐4‐one scaffold and outline a rational approach to the modification of other inhibitor scaffolds that bind to the nicotinamide site of the catalytic domain.
A Short Asymmetric Synthesis of Octahydroindole Derivatives by Application of Catalytic C(sp3)–H Amination Reaction
Authors: Mazurais Marie , Lescot Camille , Retailleau Pascal , Dauban Philippe 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of octahydroindole derivatives is reported according to 3–4‐step sequences. The strategy relies on our previously developed catalytic asymmetric C(sp3)–H amination reaction. Its application to cyclic enol triflates affords allylic amines in good yields and stereoselectivity. The C–H functionalization step, then, is followed by a Heck coupling reaction, a Mitsunobu reaction and a final intramolecular cycloaddition reaction thereby leading to the isolation of the expected heterocyclic compounds with an overall yield of up to 69 %. In addition, the chirality introduced in the intermolecular C(sp3)–H amination reaction allows controlling the configuration of the three other stereocenters created in the intramolecular cycloaddition reaction. A second sequence starts from benzocyclobutene and affords fused benzo‐octahydroindole derivatives over three steps.
On the Michael Addition of Water to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Using Amino Acids
Authors: Resch Verena , Seidler Christiane , Chen Bi‐Shuang , Degeling Ian , Hanefeld Ulf 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe use of water as a nucleophile for Michael additions is still a challenge in organic chemistry. In this report we describe the use of amino acids as catalysts for the Michael addition of water to α,β‐unsaturated ketones. All 20 proteinogenic amino acids were screened and L‐lysine was identified as the best candidate. To obtain a better insight and to determine the minimum requirements of the catalyst, several structurally related compounds were tested. The reaction was characterized in terms of conditions and equilibrium.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolizine‐Based Triheterocycles by Organocatalytic Cascade Aza‐Michael–Aldol Reactions
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jun , Cho Chang‐Woo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNew, chiral pyrrolizine‐based triheterocycles were obtained by the organocatalytic asymmetric cascade aza‐Michael–aldol reaction of α‐branched α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with 2‐(trifluoroacetyl)pyrroles. High enantioselectivities (90–95 % ee) and excellent diastereoselectivities (dr up to >20:1) were achieved by employing this synthetic strategy. The highly functionalized, trifluoromethyl‐substituted cascade products have three consecutive stereogenic centers that include two chiral quaternary centers. The chemoselective stepwise Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction of the cascade products with two different arylboronic acids provided chiral pyrrolizine‐based triheterocycles that contain two distinct aryl substituents in good yields.
Effect of suspended uncontaminated sediment on persistent organic pollutant release
Authors: Handlin Mzuri , Molina Andrew , James Nicole , McConville Megan , Dunnivant Frank 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during resuspension events were investigated using a batch mixing technique. This technique allowed for the determination of sorption and desorption kinetics under more realistic mixing conditions than those used in previous investigations. It was demonstrated that sorption follows second-order kinetics that are dependent on both POP concentration and the total suspended solids (TSS) of the system. Desorption shows a similar dependence. To further characterize pollutant release, the impact on maximum POP release of suspending uncontaminated sediment concomitantly with contaminated sediment was investigated, as this more accurately models real-world resuspension events. It was found that even relatively low ratios of uncontaminated to contaminated sediment (1:2) yield a maximum POP release nearly 10 times lower than for systems containing only contaminated sediment. Increasing the ratio of uncontaminated sediment further reduced maximum POP release. These results highlight an important limitation of laboratory desorption experiments and current risk-assessment models related to dredging operations; under typical field conditions, the impact of dredging on pollutant transport and fate may be greatly overpredicted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:375–381. © 2013 SETAC