bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Pulmonary Infection Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Inhibiting Overproduction of Prostaglandin E2
Authors: Mao Yan-Xiong , Xu Jin-Fu , Seeley Eric J. , Tang Xiao-Dan , Xu Lu-Lu , Zhu Ying-Gang , Song Yuan-Lin , Qu Jie-Ming 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Rationale: New strategies for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection are urgently needed. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) may have a potential therapeutic role in P. aeruginosa-induced pulmonary infection.
Methods: The therapeutic and mechanistic effects of ASCs on P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection were evaluated in a murine model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Results: ASCs exhibited protective effects against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, evidenced by reduced bacterial burdens, inhibition of alveolar neutrophil accumulation, decreased levels of myeloperoxidase, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and total proteins in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and attenuated severity of lung injury. ASCs had no effects on BALF and serum levels of keratinocyte growth factor or Ang-1. ASCs had no effects on the levels of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in BALF, but increased IGF-1 levels in serum. ASCs inhibited the overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by decreasing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and enhancing the expression of 15-PGDH. In addition, the addition of exogenous PGE2 with ASCs abolished many of the protective effects of ASCs, and administrating PGE2 alone exacerbated lung infection. By inhibiting production of PGE2, ASCs improved phagocytosis and the bactericidal properties of macrophages. Furthermore suppressing PGE2 signaling by COX2 inhibition or EP2 inhibition exhibited protective effects against pulmonary infection as well.
Conclusions: In a murine model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia, ASCs exhibited protective effects by inhibiting production of PGE2, which subsequently improved phagocytosis and the bactericidal properties of macrophages. ASCs may provide a new strategy for managing pulmonary infection caused by P. aeruginosa. Stem Cells 2015;33:2331–2342
Concise Review: Transplantation of Cultured Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells for Treating Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency—Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Utheim Tor Paaske 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A number of diseases and external factors can deplete limbal stem cells, causing pain and visual loss. Ten years have passed since the first transplantation of cultured oral mucosal epithelial cells in humans, representing the first autologous cell-based therapy for severe bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. Its steady increase in popularity since then can be attributed to the accumulating evidence of its efficacy in reverting limbal stem cell deficiency. In this review, the focus is on clinical, and to a lesser degree laboratory, features of cultured oral mucosal epithelial transplants over the past 10 years. Comparisons with other available technologies are made. Avenues for research to stimulate further improvements in clinical results and allow worldwide distribution of limbal stem cell therapy based on oral mucosal cells are discussed. These include storage and transportation of cultured oral mucosal epithelial sheets and in vivo culture of oral mucosal epithelial cells. Stem Cells 2015;33:1685–1695
Cell Mechanosensitivity to Extremely Low-Magnitude Signals Is Enabled by a LINCed Nucleus
Authors: Uzer Gunes , Thompson William R. , Sen Buer , Xie Zhihui , Yen Sherwin S. , Miller Sean , Bas Guniz , Styner Maya , Rubin Clinton T. , Judex Stefan , Burridge Keith , Rubin Janet 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A cell's ability to recognize and adapt to the physical environment is central to its survival and function, but how mechanical cues are perceived and transduced into intracellular signals remains unclear. In mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), high-magnitude substrate strain (HMS, ≥2%) effectively suppresses adipogenesis via induction of focal adhesion (FA) kinase (FAK)/mTORC2/Akt signaling generated at FAs. Physiologic systems also rely on a persistent barrage of low-level signals to regulate behavior. Exposing MSC to extremely low-magnitude mechanical signals (LMS) suppresses adipocyte formation despite the virtual absence of substrate strain (&lt;0.001%), suggesting that LMS-induced dynamic accelerations can generate force within the cell. Here, we show that MSC response to LMS is enabled through mechanical coupling between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, in turn activating FAK and Akt signaling followed by FAK-dependent induction of RhoA. While LMS and HMS synergistically regulated FAK activity at the FAs, LMS-induced actin remodeling was concentrated at the perinuclear domain. Preventing nuclear-actin cytoskeleton mechanocoupling by disrupting linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes inhibited these LMS-induced signals as well as prevented LMS repression of adipogenic differentiation, highlighting that LINC connections are critical for sensing LMS. In contrast, FAK activation by HMS was unaffected by LINC decoupling, consistent with signal initiation at the FA mechanosome. These results indicate that the MSC responds to its dynamic physical environment not only with “outside-in” signaling initiated by substrate strain, but vibratory signals enacted through the LINC complex enable matrix independent “inside–inside” signaling. Stem Cells 2013;33:2063–2076
Icariin Promotes Angiogenic Differentiation and Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Autophagy in Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Tang Yubo , Jacobi Angela , Vater Corina , Zou Lijin , Zou Xuenong , Stiehler Maik 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Reduced tissue levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and functional impairment of endothelium are frequently observed in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The vascular endothelium is specifically sensitive to oxidative stress, and this is one of the mechanisms that causes widespread endothelial dysfunction in most cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Hence attention has increasingly been paid to enhance mobilization and differentiation of EPCs for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Icariin, a natural bioactive component known from traditional Chinese Medicine, can induce angiogenic differentiation and inhibit oxidative stress-induced cell dysfunction in bone marrow-derived EPCs (BM-EPCs), and, if so, through what mechanisms. We observed that treatment of BM-EPCs with Icariin significantly promoted cell migration and capillary tube formation, substantially abrogated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death that was linked to the reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. Icariin downregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3, as well as nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase expression upon H2O2 induction. These antiapoptotic and antiautophagic effects of Icariin are possibly mediated by restoring the loss of mammalian target of rapamycin /p70S6K/4EBP1 phosphorylation as well as attenuation of ATF2 and ERK1/2 protein levels after H2O2 treatment. In summary, favorable modulation of the angiogenesis and redox states in BM-EPCs make Icariin a promising proangiogenic agent both enhancing vasculogenesis and protecting against endothelial dysfunction. Stem Cells 2015;33:1863–1877
Projecting hydropower production under future climates: a guide for decision‐makers and modelers to interpret and design climate change impact assessments
Authors: Schaefli Bettina 
Published: March 2015

Hydropower is a key energy source in almost all world regions. It fuels social and economic development, ensures electricity security, and is a pillar for renewable electricity production. But hydropower and its environmental impacts are vulnerable to climate change. This discussion of model‐based climate change impact assessments and underlying modeling assumptions will help decision‐makers and scientists analyzing existing studies and identifying the most urgent open questions. Rooted in hydrological uncertainty analysis, this discussion focuses on the importance of local factors and on modeling uncertainties for a critical view on our ability to project future hydropower production in different world regions. WIREs Water 2015, 2:271–289. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1083This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Wind plant system engineering through optimization of layout and yaw control
Authors: Fleming Paul A. , Ning Andrew , Gebraad Pieter M. O. , Dykes Katherine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated exciting potential for wind plant control systems to improve the cost of energy of wind plants. Wind plant controls seek to improve global wind plant performance over control systems in which each turbine optimizes only its individual performance by accounting for the way wind turbines interact through their wakes. Although these technologies can be applied to existing wind plants, it is probable that the maximum benefit would be derived by designing wind plants with these capabilities in mind. In this paper, we use system engineering approaches to perform coupled wind plant controls and position layout optimizations of a model wind plant. Using several cost metrics, we compare the results of this optimization to the original plant and to plants in which the control or layout is optimized separately or sequentially. Results demonstrate that the benefit of this coupled optimization can be substantial, but it depends on the particular constraints of the optimization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of cold climate wind energy: challenges, solutions, and future needs
Authors: Wallenius Tomas , Lehtomäki Ville 
Published: March 2015

Wind energy in cold climates offers vast wind energy potential. Cold climate, in this context, means icing conditions and/or low temperatures outside the normal operational limits of the wind turbines. Cold climate areas are often located in low population density surroundings. The combination of good wind resources and low population density makes such areas attractive for wind energy generation, but weather conditions hinder the exploitation of these resources. Many technical issues as well as health and safety related ones need to be addressed before wind energy projects can be economically feasible in cold climates. Icing of wind turbines reduces energy yield, reduces the mechanical life time of turbines, and poses safety risks in the form of ice throw, among other challenges. Progress to solve these challenges has been made in recent years, for example, anti‐ and de‐icing systems have been developed, but still more is to be done to reduce further the cost of wind energy in cold climates. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:128–135. doi: 10.1002/wene.170This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Climate and Environment
Two Coordination Polymers based on 2‐Ethyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic Acid and 1,3‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)propane: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Wang Haibing , Tang Ping , Xu Guowang , Wang Yenan , Hu Fuchao , Li Dongsheng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo coordination polymers, [Cd(Heidc)(bpp)]n (1) and [Zn3 (eidc)2(bpp)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (2) (H3eidc = 2‐ethyl‐4,5‐imidazole dicarboxylic acid, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, spectroscopy single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 features a 2D layer formed by C–H···π stacking interactions between adjacent chains, whereas compound 2 shows a 3D (83)2(85.10)‐tfc framework constructed of the 2D (6,3) layer. The result demonstrates that the central metal atoms play a key role in governing the coordination motifs. Moreover, solid‐state properties such as thermal stabilities and photoluminescence of 1 and 2 were also investigated.
Insulin resistance in nonobese Japanese women with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with poorer glucose tolerance, delayed insulin secretion, and enhanced insulin response
Authors: Negishi Hiroaki , Nakao Kazuki , Kimura Michiko , Takenaka Hiroshi , Horikawa Michiharu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in PCOS patients, the optimal screening method, and to compare our findings between nonobese and obese Japanese women with PCOS.MethodsNinety‐eight PCOS patients were included in this research from 2006 to 2013. Glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Serum glucose and insulin concentration were assayed before and 30, 60, and 120 min after taking 75 g of glucose.ResultsAll examined metabolic parameters were significantly favorable in the nonobese subjects, below 25 kg/m2. HOMA‐IR, fasting insulin, glucose120, and insulin120 showed strong correlations with BMI. A total of 1.4 % of nonobese women had IR based on fasting insulin or HOMA‐IR. However, 15.5 % (11/71) of nonobese women had IR as determined by a continuous increase of serum insulin level in OGTT. In comparison, the prevalence of IR among the obese women ranged from 41 to 59 %. AUCglucose, glucose60, glucose120, and insulin120 in nonobese women with a continuous insulin increase were higher than those without such a continuous increase.ConclusionsAll examined metabolic parameters were significantly correlated with BMI. As the presence of a continuous increase of insulin level reflects to some degree poorer glucose tolerance, delayed insulin secretion, and enhanced insulin response compared with non‐continuous insulin increase, OGTT might not been excluded to determine IR and IGT for nonobese women with PCOS.
Problems related to crystallogenesis and the deep carbon cycle
Authors: Sobolev N.V. , Dobretsov N.L. , Ohtani E. , Taylor L.A. , Schertl H.-P. , Palyanov Yu.N. , Litasov K.D. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We present a systematic review of the key results and research trends in the Deep Carbon Cycle program. The first section addresses the issues related to subduction zones with emphasis on geological and geophysical data on Kamchatka and Kokchetav paleosubduction zone. Experimental studies over a wide pressure range are discussed in the section “Crystallogenesis and experimental mineralogy”. The papers addressing the diamond issues on the example of the Yakutian diamondiferous province are grouped in the sections “Diamond crystallogenesis” and “Diamond and kimberlite magmatism”.
An integrate model of subduction: contributions from geology, experimental petrology, and seismic tomography
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Koulakov I.Yu. , Litasov K.D. , Kukarina E.V. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We summarize the available knowledge of subduction gained from geology, petrology, and seismology and consider the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Regional and local seismic tomography reveals complex systems of fluid and melt migration at different depths above subducting slabs. The physicochemical evolution of the magma storage system maintaining active volcanism is modeled with reference to a wealth of geological and geophysical data. Subduction-related processes are discussed by examples of active (Kamchatka and Japan arcs) and ancient (Kokchetav metamorphic complex) subduction zones. Comprehensive geological and geophysical studies in Kamchatka and Japan prove valid the leading role of andesite magma in subduction of oceanic crust and, on the other hand, show that modeling independent migration paths of melts and fluids is problematic. The case study of Kamchatka provides more insights into melting in intermediate magma reservoirs at the depths about 50–80 and 30 km and highlights the significance of shallow magma sources at the pre-eruption stage. The Kokchetav metamorphics, which are exhumed suprasubduction rocks, offer an exceptional opportunity to estimate directly the compositions and ages of subduction-related melts.
Cathodoluminescence microscopy of the Kokchetav ultrahigh-pressure calcsilicate rocks: What can we learn from silicates, carbon-hosting minerals, and diamond?
Authors: Schertl H.-P. , Neuser R.D. , Logvinova A.M. , Wirth R. , Sobolev N.V. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A comprehensive study of a key calc-silicate rock of complex composition, an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rock of the Kokchetav massif, has been performed. New thin sections were examined by cathodoluminescence microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission/analytical electron microscopy. The obtained results confirmed the presence of microdiamonds and indicative signs of ultrahigh pressures (K in clinopyroxene) for seven of the eight previously recognized layers of the sample. Only one layer (3) containing paragenesis forsterite + Ti-clinohumite + dolomite + luminescent garnet (Mg# = 86–95) + clinopyroxene free of potassium and perovskite lacks diamonds. Symplectitic rims replacing garnet in this layer are formed by spinel growing into augite clinopyroxene with a scarce impurity of sapphirine and corundum and lack hydrous minerals. Garnets (Mg# = 81–83) of the diamond-containing layers (1 and 2a) and (4–8), having Mg# = 38–53, do not exhibit luminescence. They are present, together with K-clinopyroxenes, in the Mg-calcite matrix. A distinctive feature of the symplectitic rims is abundant segregations of corundum, often needle-like, and sapphirine in the augite clinopyroxene matrix with a minor spinel impurity. The symplectitic rims contain high-Mg phlogopite and K-amphibole; the latter was found in the metamorphic rocks for the first time. The different roles of hydrous minerals at the early stages of retrograde metamorphism for different layers reflect different fluid mobilities even within a sample.
Conditions of diamond crystallization in kimberlite melt: experimental data
Authors: Palyanov Yu.N. , Sokol A.G. , Khokhryakov A.F. , Kruk A.N. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Experiments on diamond crystallization in kimberlite melt were performed for 40 h at 6.3 GPa in the temperature range of 1300–1570 °C and at 7.5 GPa in the temperature range of 1450–1570 °C, using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of split-sphere type. Group I kimberlite from the Udachnaya-East pipe and a synthetic multicomponent mixture modeling the average composition of group II kimberlites were used as starting materials. The experiments have shown that diamond growth on seed crystals in the kimberlite melt in equilibrium with olivine, pyroxene, and garnet starts from 1400 °C at 7.5 GPa and from 1520 °C at 6.3 GPa. Diamond nucleation requires higher temperature and pressure, 1570 °C and 7.5 GPa. The alkali-enriched and silicate-depleted derivates of kimberlite melts ensure the growth and nucleation of diamond at lower P and T values: 1400 °C at 7.5 GPa and 1520 °C at 6.3 GPa. The results obtained evidence that temperature, pressure, and the composition of crystallization medium are the main factors controlling diamond formation processes in the kimberlite melts and their derivates.
Isotope fractionation of carbon during diamond crystallization in model systems
Authors: Reutsky V.N. , Palyanov Yu.N. , Borzdov Yu.M. , Sokol A.G. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A systematic experimental study of fractionation of carbon isotopes during diamond crystallization in model systems near the IW and CCO buffers helped to estimate the effective partition coefficients of carbon isotopes between diamond and crystallization medium. In the systems Fe(Ni,Co)–C, near the IW buffer, diamond is heavier than the solution of carbon in metal melt by 4.5%c at 5.5 GPa and 1400–1500 °C. In the system (Na2CO3CO2)–C, near the CCO buffer, diamond is lighter than the carbonate fluid by 2.6%c at 7.5 GPa and 1400–1700 °C. The values of fractionation are close but not equal to calculated equilibrium values and decrease as the rate of diamond crystallization increases. With regard to the low effectiveness of carbon isotope diffusion in diamond, the effective partition coefficients of carbon isotopes obtained during real diamond crystallization are the most informative for interpretation of data for natural diamonds. Based on the experimental results, we propose a scheme of the primary isotope specialization of diamonds. Isotopically heavy diamonds (δ13CVPDB of 0 to –5%c) crystallize in zones of metal melts (in the case of isotope depletion, δ13CVPDB decreases to –10%c or lower). Isotopically light diamonds (δ13CVPDB of –7 to –10%c) crystallize in more oxidized mantle zones. The interaction of different types of mantle matter with contrasting redox characteristics causes wide variations in the carbon isotope composition of diamond and in the composition of diamond-hosted inclusions.
Defects in cubic diamonds from the placers in the northeastern Siberian platform: results of IR microspectrometry
Authors: Titkov S.V. , Shiryaev A.A. , Zudina N.N. , Zudin N.G. , Solodova Yu.P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Defects in yellowish-green, yellow, and orange diamonds of cubic habit from placers of the northeastern Siberian Platform were studied by IR spectroscopy. In addition to the main A, C, and, probably, B defects, the diamonds contain X and Y centers and amber defects of different types and show absorption bands at 1240, 1270, and 1290–1295 cm–1, peaks in the region 1350–1380 cm–1, and bands between 3100–3300 cm–1. Diamonds of different colors contain different associations of structural defects, though they belong to the same variety II according to the Orlov classification. According to the integral spectra of the diamond crystals, the content of structural nitrogen impurity is low, 60–265 ppm. However, spatially resolved spectroscopic examination of diamond plates has revealed highly nonuniform distribution of defects in all diamond crystals. The general regularity for the studied diamonds is a decrease in the total nitrogen content and in the relative fraction of the major A defect from core to periphery of a crystal. The content of structural nitrogen impurity in the core reaches 900 ppm, which is higher than the average N content in widespread octahedral diamond crystals. The presence of C, Y, and X defects in the majority of the samples indicates short postgrowth annealing of these diamonds. The genetic significance of the obtained data on structural defects is discussed.
Clustering attributed graphs: Models, measures and methods
Authors: BOTHOREL CECILE , CRUZ JUAN DAVID , MAGNANI MATTEO , MICENKOVÁ BARBORA 
Published: March 2015

AbstractClustering a graph, i.e., assigning its nodes to groups, is an important operation whose best known application is the discovery of communities in social networks. Graph clustering and community detection have traditionally focused on graphs without attributes, with the notable exception of edge weights. However, these models only provide a partial representation of real social systems, that are thus often described using node attributes, representing features of the actors, and edge attributes, representing different kinds of relationships among them. We refer to these models asattributed graphs. Consequently, existing graph clustering methods have been recently extended to deal with node and edge attributes. This article is a literature survey on this topic, organizing, and presenting recent research results in a uniform way, characterizing the main existing clustering methods and highlighting their conceptual differences. We also cover the important topic of clustering evaluation and identify current open problems.