bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐Estimating Temperature‐Dependent Consumption Parameters in Bioenergetics Models for Juvenile Chinook Salmon
Authors: Plumb John M. , Moffitt Christine M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractResearchers have cautioned against the borrowing of consumption and growth parameters from other species and life stages in bioenergetics growth models. In particular, the function that dictates temperature dependence in maximum consumption (Cmax) within the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha produces estimates that are lower than those measured in published laboratory feeding trials. We used published and unpublished data from laboratory feeding trials with subyearling Chinook Salmon from three stocks (Snake, Nechako, and Big Qualicum rivers) to estimate and adjust the model parameters for temperature dependence in Cmax. The data included growth measures in fish ranging from 1.5 to 7.2 g that were held at temperatures from 14°C to 26°C. Parameters for temperature dependence in Cmax were estimated based on relative differences in food consumption, and bootstrapping techniques were then used to estimate the error about the parameters. We found that at temperatures between 17°C and 25°C, the current parameter values did not match the observed data, indicating that Cmax should be shifted by about 4°C relative to the current implementation under the bioenergetics model. We conclude that the adjusted parameters for Cmax should produce more accurate predictions from the bioenergetics model for subyearling Chinook Salmon.Received May 20, 2014; accepted November 5, 2014
Evaluating Effects of Exploitation on Annual Apparent Mortality Rates of Paddlefish Using Mark–Recapture Data
Authors: Pierce Landon L. , Graeb Brian D. S. , Willis David W. , Sorensen Jason S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractKnowledge of the effects of exploitation on population dynamics is critical to effective conservation and management of fish populations. To improve our understanding of the effects of sport fishery exploitation on populations of PaddlefishPolyodon spathula, we tested eight additive and compensatory harvest mortality hypotheses for the Paddlefish population in Lake Francis Case (LFC), South Dakota, with 33 years of tag recovery data using dead recovery models in Program MARK. We evaluated additive and compensatory harvest mortality hypotheses by modeling the effects of sport fishery closures on annual apparent survival and tag recovery rates. Our most‐supported hypotheses indicated that exploitation prior to the functional closure of the sport fishery (i.e., when exploitation became negligible) was an additive source of mortality. Annual apparent mortality estimates (i.e., 1 − annual apparent survival) of our most‐supported model decreased from 0.237 (SE = 0.036) to 0.110 (SE = 0.063) following the functional closure of the sport fishery and coincided with a decrease in recovery rate from 0.095 (SE = 0.015) to 0.010 (SE = 0.004). These results suggest that relatively unregulated sport fishery exploitation can substantially increase mortality rates of Paddlefish populations. The effects of exploitation on mortality likely differ between populations and temporally within populations due to differences in density‐dependent mortality rates.Received January 7, 2014; accepted November 19, 2014
Habitat Use by Juvenile Red Snapper in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Ontogeny, Seasonality, and the Effects of Hypoxia
Authors: Switzer Theodore S. , Chesney Edward J. , Baltz Donald M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRed Snapper Lutjanus campechanus in the northern Gulf of Mexico are threatened by the combined influence of fishing pressures, the bycatch of juveniles in the shrimp trawl fishery, and the seasonal formation of hypoxic (≤2 mg/L O2) bottom water along the Louisiana–Texas continental shelf. Juveniles are especially at risk from hypoxia because they leave the plankton and transition from pelagic to demersal habitats en masse during summer, when hypoxic conditions peak. We explored the influence of hypoxia on juvenile Red Snapper by examining habitat suitability during years with low (areal extent, <10,000 km2), moderate (10,000–19,999 km2), and severe (≥20,000 km2) hypoxia through retrospective analyses of groundfish data from the Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program. Significant interannual variability in the strength of juvenile recruitment was evident, and in general the weakest recruitment was observed during years of severe hypoxia. The relative abundance of juveniles in shallow (9–46 m) waters off central Louisiana was significantly reduced during years of severe hypoxia; this reduction was generally accompanied by an increase in relative abundance of Red Snapper longitudinally and in deeper waters. Patterns of habitat use during summer months varied in relation to hypoxia severity, with individuals occupying sites that were deeper, colder, and of higher salinity during years of severe hypoxia. Red Snapper also exhibited ontogenetic habitat shifts into deeper, cooler, and higher‐salinity waters as fish size increased. In general, Red Snapper populations appear resilient to the broad‐scale effects of severe hypoxia, although more localized effects may be in force but not evident because of the many factors affecting survival.Received June 19, 2014; accepted October 6, 2014
Externalities and Simultaneity in Surface Water‐Groundwater Systems: Challenges for Water Rights Institutions
Authors: Cobourn Kelly M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhen surface water and groundwater resources are hydraulically connected, groundwater pumping may reduce surface water flows. In recognition of hydraulic connectivity between surface and groundwater resources, many states in the western United States have begun to develop systems of conjunctive administration in which property rights for surface water and groundwater are jointly managed. Implementing conjunctive administration requires an understanding of when and where surface and groundwater resources are connected. This article analyzes how decisions about water use and changes in irrigation technology influence connectivity across space and time, generating a challenge for policy instrument design. I develop and estimate an econometric model that reflects the simultaneity in surface and groundwater levels that arises due to the two‐way flow of water in a hydraulically connected system. The model also traces the effect of changes in irrigation technology on consumptive water use and return flows, and the consequences for changes in water availability. Estimation results using a panel dataset for the Eastern Snake River Plain of Idaho from 1960 to 2011 indicate that connectivity between surface and groundwater resources has decreased over time due to declining groundwater levels. Declining groundwater levels are attributable not only to groundwater pumping, but also to a widespread shift from flood to sprinkler irrigation. This transition in irrigation technology has conserved surface water but depleted groundwater by reducing aquifer recharge. As connectivity declines, reducing groundwater pumping to augment surface water flows, a common approach to conjunctive administration, yields diminishing marginal benefits.
MRSA carrying mecC in captive mara
Authors: Espinosa-Gongora C. , Harrison E. M. , Moodley A. , Guardabassi L. , Holmes M. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus ST130 isolated from mara (Dolichotis patagonum), a large rodent species native to South America and kept in captivity at Copenhagen Zoo.

Methods
The presence of mecC was confirmed by PCR in 15 S. aureus ST130 isolated from mara during a previous study. WGS was performed on two randomly selected isolates to characterize their genomes with respect to SCCmec, virulence and resistance gene content. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using commercial broth microdilution tests.

Results
All the isolates belonged to spa type t528 ST130 and carried mecC. Based on WGS, mecC was 100% identical to the prototype sequence of S. aureus strain LGA251. The sequence of SCCmec type XI in the mara isolates had 23 SNPs compared with the one described in LGA251. The two sequenced strains harboured a set of virulence factors and other genomic features previously observed in ST130. Both strains carried norA as the only putative antimicrobial resistance gene in addition to mecC.

Conclusions
Our findings support the notion that a genetically conserved mecC-carrying MRSA ST130 clone is widespread in a variety of unrelated hosts in Denmark. Since the mara at Copenhagen Zoo have limited contact with humans and other animal species, it remains unclear whether mara are natural hosts of ST130 or acquired this lineage from unknown sources. The broad host range of MRSA ST130 supports its designation as a generalist lineage.
Fungal malignant otitis externa caused by Alternaria chlamydospora: first case report
Authors: Korres George , Meletiadis Joseph , Delides Alexander , Antoniadou Anastasia , Petrikkos George , Zerva Loukia , Yiotakis Ioannis , Siopi Maria , Kalogeropoulou Eleni , Georgantis Ilias , Nikolopoulos Thomas P. 
Published: February 2015

Introduction:
Malignant otitis externa (MOE) is a rare clinical entity, usually observed in diabetic or immunosuppressed patients, with serious morbidity due to associated osteomyelitis, cranial nerve palsies and intracranial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main pathogen in over 95 % of cases; Aspergillus species and Candida albicans have also been implicated in fungal MOE.

Case presentation:
Α 79‐year‐old male with type 2 diabetes with otalgia, otorrhoea and granulation tissue occupying the right external ear canal was diagnosed with MOE. Direct microscopy of a tissue biopsy specimen taken from the granulation tissue revealed septate branching hyphae and chlamydospores. An olivaceous‐black colony cultured within 3 days at 30 °C was identified microscopically as Alternaria sp. and molecularly as Alternaria chlamydospora using the restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region on the basis of the 570 bp ITS amplicon, a BstUI largest band of 578 bp and absence of the TaqI 114 bp band. The patient was unresponsive to ciprofloxacin, whereas the pain was relieved after 2 weeks of voriconazole treatment followed by surgical debridement.

Conclusion:
We present, we believe, the first reported case of MOE for which Alternaria sp. seems to be the causative pathogen. A high index of suspicion was needed in order to reach the diagnosis. We recommend taking tissue cultures when a high‐risk patient is not responsive to the initial antibiotic treatment, as fungal MOE could be a repercussion of unsuccessfully treated bacterial otitis externa or it could represent a de novo presentation of fungal disease.
Poor adherence to medication as assessed by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale‐8 and low satisfaction with treatment in 237 psoriasis patients
Authors: Saeki Hidehisa , Imafuku Shinichi , Abe Masatoshi , Shintani Yoichi , Onozuka Daisuke , Hagihara Akihito , Katoh Norito , Murota Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Satoshi , Sugaya Makoto , Tanioka Miki , Kaneko Sakae , Masuda Koji , Hiragun Takaaki , Inomata Naoko , Kitami Yuki , Tsunemi Yuichiro , Abe Shinya , Kobayashi Miwa , Morisky Donald E. , Furue Masutaka 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPreviously we assessed the medication adherence for oral and topical remedies by a translated Japanese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale‐8 (MMAS‐8) together with socioeconomic backgrounds in 3096 Japanese dermatological patients, and found the medication adherence, especially to topical drugs, was poor in these patients. In order to elucidate the disease‐specific sociomedical factors, we further sub‐analyzed the medication adherence in 237 psoriasis patients and compared it with that in other dermatological diseases such as atopic dermatitis, urticaria or tinea. This study was conducted among patients registered in monitoring system and 3096 eligible patients were enrolled. Our web‐based questionnaire included the following items such as age, sex, annual income, main health‐care institution, experience of effectiveness by oral or topical medication, overall satisfaction with treatment, and MMAS‐8 for oral or topical medication. Mean adherence score by MMAS‐8 was 5.2 for oral and 4.3 for topical medication. More patients with psoriasis used a university hospital and fewer used a private clinic compared with those with the other skin disease patients. Experience of drug effectiveness by oral medication and overall satisfaction with treatment was lower in psoriasis patients than in other patients. In oral medication, significantly better adherence was observed in those of higher age and with higher annual income. The adherence to medication, especially to topical drugs, was poor in 237 psoriasis patients. We speculated that some severe psoriasis patients were not sufficiently treated systemically and were resistant to topical therapy, leading to poor adherence.
Regulation of relationships between heterogeneous farmers and an aquifer accounting for lag effects
Authors: Bourgeois Cyril , Jayet Pierre‐Alain 
Published: February 2015

Many environmental problems are due to damage caused by pollutants that accumulate with a time lag following their emission. In this study, we focus on nitrates used in agriculture, which can pollute groundwater many years after their initial application. A dynamic optimal control problem with heterogeneous farmers is proposed. The usual structural parameters such as the discount rate, the natural clearing rate and the lagged time interval between the occurrence of soil‐level pollution and the impact on groundwater are taken into account. We also examine pollution as caused by a continuous set of farms characterised by their individual performance index and by their individual marginal contribution to the pollution. The issue is further investigated by taking account of change in the information context, successively related to perfect information and to asymmetric information. As a result, when the delay between the spreading of N‐fertilizer and the impact on the aquifer increases, that is, the longer the lag, the steady‐state pollution stock and the steady‐state shadow price of the stock both increase. Moreover, we show that the optimal regulation may require a decreasing amount of fertilizer over time, even in the case of initial underpollution.
Low acuity and general practice‐type presentations to emergency departments: A rural perspective
Authors: Allen Penny , Cheek Colleen , Foster Simon , Ruigrok Marielle , Wilson Deborah , Shires Lizzi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the number of general practice (GP)‐type patients attending a rural ED and provide a comparative rural estimate to a metropolitan study.MethodsAnalysis of presentations to the two EDs in Northwest Tasmania from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013 using the Diagnosis, Sprivulis, Australian College of Emergency Medicine (ACEM) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) methods to estimate the number of GP‐type presentations.ResultsThere were 255 365 ED presentations in Northwest Tasmania during the study period. There were 86 973 GP‐type presentations using the ACEM method, 142 006 using the AIHW method, 174 748 using the Diagnosis method and 28 922 low acuity patients identified using the Sprivulis method.ConclusionsThe proportion of GP‐type presentations identified using the four methods ranged from 15% to 69%. The results suggest that triage status and self‐referral are not reliable indicators of low acuity in this rural area. In rural areas with a shortage of GPs, it is likely that many people appropriately self‐refer to ED because they cannot access a GP. The results indicate that the ACEM method might be most useful for identifying GP‐type patients in rural ED. However, this requires validation in other regions of Australia.
Effect of Slurry Ice on the Functional Properties of Proteins Related to Quality Loss during Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Chilled Storage
Authors: Zhang Bin , Deng Shang‐gui , Gao Meng , Chen Jing 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe effect of slurry ice on the quality of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) during chilling storage was investigated and compared to flake ice. Slurry ice‐treated samples showed significantly higher springiness and chewiness variables than the blank and flake ice‐treated samples (P < 0.05). The growth of microorganisms in tuna muscle treated with slurry ice was also down significantly (P < 0.05), and the total aerobic counts didn't reach higher scores than 5.0 log CFU/g during the whole chilling storage. Additionally, the myofibrillar protein, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, and total sulfydryl (SH) content in muscle treated with slurry ice were all significantly higher than the blank and flake‐iced samples (P < 0.05). This was probably due to the faster cooling, subzero final‐temperature, and larger heat exchange derived from slurry ice. Standard error of mean and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results also confirmed that slurry ice treatment could effectively retard the degradation of myofibrillar proteins and showed a positive effect on the stability of tissue structures.
Comparative genomics of three Methanocellales strains reveal novel taxonomic and metabolic features
Authors: Lyu Zhe , Lu Yahai 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMethanocellales represents a new order of methanogens, which is widespread in environments and plays specifically the important role in methane emissions from paddy fields. To gain more insights into Methanocellales, comparative genomic studies were performed among three Methanocellales strains through the same annotation pipeline. Genetic relationships among strains revealed by genome alignment, pan‐genome reconstruction and comparison of amino average identity suggest that they should be classified in different genera. In addition, multiple copies of cell cycle regulator proteins were identified for the first time in Archaea. Core metabolisms were reconstructed, predicting certain unique and novel features for Methanocellales, including a set of methanogenesis genes potentially organized toward specialization in utilizing low concentrations of H2, a new route of disulfide reduction catalysed by a disulfide‐reducing hydrogenase (Drh) complex phylogenetically related to sulfate‐reducing prokaryotes, an oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a sophisticated nitrogen uptake and regulation system as well as a versatile sulfur utilization system. These core metabolisms are largely conserved among the three strains, but differences in gene copy number and metabolic diversity are evident. The present study thus adds new dimensions to the unique ecophysiology of Methanocellales and offers a road map for further experimental characterization of this methanogen lineage.
Heterogeneous prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy in pathological stage I non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Liu Chia‐Hsin , Peng Yi‐Jen , Wang Hong‐Hau , Chen Ying‐Chieh , Tsai Chen‐Liang , Chian Chih‐Feng , Huang Tsai‐Wang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundEven after curative resection, the prognosis of pathological stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be heterogeneous, and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients is controversial. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors and role of adjuvant chemotherapy in pathological stage I NSCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the correlations between clinicopathological factors and survival in 179 patients with resected pathological stage I NSCLC.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 93 months, overall and disease‐free survival were not significantly different between pathological stage IA (n = 138) and IB (n = 41) patients. The prognosis of pathological stage I patients with poorly differentiated tumors was significantly worse than that of those with non‐poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that poor tumor differentiation was an independent factor for poor survival (hazard ratio = 6.889). A marginally significant survival benefit was observed in poorly differentiated pathological stage I patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.053).Pathological stage IA patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a worse prognosis than those who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001), whereas pathological stage IA patients with poorly differentiated tumors who received adjuvant chemotherapy had better survival than who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPoor differentiation is an independent prognostic factor in pathological stage I NSCLC after surgical resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be beneficial in poorly differentiated pathological stage IA NSCLC patients.
Macular thickness assessed with spectral domain OCT in a population‐based study of children: normative data, repeatability and reproducibility and comparison with time domain OCT
Authors: Molnar Anna , Holmström Gerd , Larsson Eva 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeTo collect data on macular thickness assessed with Cirrus OCT in healthy children in a population‐based study, to examine the repeatability and reproducibility, and to compare the values with Stratus OCT.MethodsFifty‐eight 6‐ to 15‐year‐old children, born at term, were examined. Best‐corrected visual acuity and refraction were assessed. One examiner performed three OCT assessments, and the repeatability was calculated. Thereafter, a second examiner repeated the examinations to calculate the reproducibility. One eye was randomized to be included in the normal material. Finally, the second examiner assessed the macular thickness with the Stratus OCT.ResultsThe mean value (±SD) of central macular thickness was 255 ± 17 μm, and the total macular volume was 10.3 ± 0.5 mm3. No correlations were found between macular thickness and age, gender or refraction. The coefficients of variance (CoVs) for both repeatability and reproducibility were <1.21%, and the intraclass correlations (ICCs) were over 0.86. The Cirrus OCT showed a 29% thicker central macular thickness than the Stratus OCT.ConclusionNormal values for macular thickness assessed with Cirrus OCT in healthy full‐term children in a population‐based study were reported. The assessments showed high repeatability and reproducibility. The values of Cirrus and Stratus OCT differed and the techniques were not interchangeable.