bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological studies concerning the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Pelargonium species cultivated in Egypt (Family-Geraniaceae)
Authors: Singab Abdel Nasser Badawy , El-Hefnawy Hala Mohamed , El-Kolobby Dalia Galal 
Published: January 2015

Plant-derived pharmaceuticals have become prominent in the market place, making it a favored healthcare choice. In this study, air dried samples of aerial parts of Pelargonium X fragrans Willd. and Pelargonium peltatum LHérit. were separately extracted using successive extraction with a soxhlet apparatus. Each extract was tested for its antimicrobial activity using two Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtillus and Staphyllococcus aureus), and clinical fungal isolates (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). Also, their antioxidant activity was tested using a DPPH free radical assay. The ethyl acetate, n-Butanol and the total extracts showed moderate activity against the tested microorganisms with significant high activity against E. coli. The free radical scavenging property was found to be in a concentration dependent manner in all the tested fractions. The most effective antioxidant fractions in both spp. was the n-Butanol fraction (85% and 85.2%) at the concentration of 0.375µg/ml followed by the total ethanolic extracts (78.1% and 84.62%), respectively, with the same concentration compared to the standard reference ascorbic acid which showed a significant radicals scavenging potential (79.1%) in the concentration of 1µg/ml.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i2.21481 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2015, 4(2): 340-342
Pharmacoepidemiology of ascites and associated complications in hospitalized patients: descriptive observational study
Authors: Tasneem Hirra , Shahbaz Huda , Sherazi Bushra Ali 
Published: January 2015

Ascites is the pathological accumulation of free fluid in peritoneal cavity. The aim of the present study was to observe the prevalence, clinical management and the assessment of complications associated with ascites in hospitalized patients. A Descriptive Observational Study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals of Lahore. The data was collected on a data collection form containing questions regarding basic patient information, presenting symptoms, clinical management and associated complications. Verbal informed consent was taken and confidentiality was maintained. Pilot study was performed prior to performance of a full-scale research project. The results are expressed in the form of frequency and percentages. A total of fifty (50) ascitic patients were evaluated during two months. It was slightly more common in females (58%) as compared to males (42%). Common causes of Ascites were Liver Cirrhosis (80%), Chronic Renal Failure (10%), Peritoneal Malignancy and Peritoneal Tuberculosis (4%) each and Cardiac Failure (2%). The mainstay for the first line treatment in patients with cirrhosis includes education regarding dietary sodium restriction and oral diuretics. The major complications associated with Ascites were Protein malnutrition (87%), Mental Confusion (73%), Hepatorenal Syndrome (21%) and Spontaneous Bacterial Perotinitis (8%). In most patients ascites was being managed successfully by limiting the salt intake and provision of a diuretic regimen. As, ascites is a starting point for more serious complications; so, its early diagnosis should be ensured. Social media and NGOs should play their role in creating the awareness regarding this deadly disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i2.21482 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2015, 4(2): 343-346
Pharmacists interventions in reducing the incidences of drug related problems in any practice setting
Authors: Jamal Irsa , Amin Fatima , Jamal Anam , Saeed Amna 
Published: January 2015

A drug-related problem is an event or circumstance involving drug treatment that actually or potentially interferes with the patients experiencing an optimum outcome of medical care. The pharmacists can play key role in reducing the incidences of DRPs by making appropriate intervention at each stage and by working with other healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to observe the Pharmacist clinical knowledge about DRPs and the extent to which they participate in reducing the incidences of DRPs. A questionnaire based survey was conducted among hundred pharmacists selected by random sampling in different health care settings from Lahore district. According to data collected it was found that 100% of Pharmacists had knowledge about DRPs and Pharmaceutical care. Different types of DRPs were identified by Pharmacists but only 41% of Pharmacists reported these DRPs and 37% of Pharmacists intervened to reduce the incidences of DRPs. Majority of the Pharmacists had knowledge about DRPs, other related terms and also about reporting but most of them did not actively participate to reduce incidences of DRPs because of lack of their acceptance by society and other health care professionals, lack of proper reporting system, lack of incentives and lack of time due to managerial job structure specially in case of retail pharmacy setup.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i2.21483 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2015, 4(2): 347-352
Hypoglycemic property of cocoa products: potential underlying mechanisms
Authors: Mubarak Ayad S. , Yiquen Tang 
Published: January 2015

Cocoa powder and chocolate is most abundant flavonoids-plant product. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is health and epidemically serious metabolic disorder. The treatment and moreover preventing of T2DM is therapeutic target worldwide. This review focuses on antidiabetic mechanisms of cocoa products. Particularly, intensifying insulin sensitivity, which is a superior pathway for chronic glucose level control, and increasing insulin release for acute glucose level control. Accordingly, the hypoglycemic effect results in elevate synthesis and bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Subsequently, improve blood flow and capillary recruitment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i2.21485 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2015, 4(2): 362-366
Sequoia maguanensis, a new Miocene relative of the coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, from China: Implications for paleogeography and paleoclimate
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Wei , D’Rozario Ashalata , Adams Jonathan M. , Li Ya , Liang Xiao‐Qing , Jacques Frédéric M. , Su Tao , Zhou Zhe‐Kun 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: The paleogeographical origin of the relict North American Sequoia sempervirens is controversial. Fossil records indicate a Neogene origin for its foliage characteristics. Although several fossils from the Miocene sediments in eastern Asia have been considered to have close affinities with the modern S. sempervirens, they lack the typical features of a leafy twig bearing linear as well as scale leaves, and the fertile shoots terminating by a cone. The taxonomic status of these fossils has remained unclear.• Methods: New better‐preserved fossils from the upper Miocene of China indicate a new species of Sequoia. This finding not only confirms the former presence of this genus in eastern Asia, but it also confirms the affinity of this Asian form to the modern relict S. sempervirens.• Key results: The principal foliage characteristics of S. sempervirens had already originated by the late Miocene. The eastern Asian records probably imply a Beringian biogeographic track of the ancestor of S. sempervirens in the early Neogene, at a time when the land bridge was not too cool for this thermophilic conifer to spread between Asia and North America.• Conclusions: The climatic context of the new fossil Sequoia in Southeast Yunnan, based on other floristic elements of the fossil assemblage in which it is found, is presumed to be warm and humid. Following the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, this warm, humid climate was replaced by the present monsoonal climate with dry winter and spring. This change may have led to the disappearance of this hygrophilous conifer from eastern Asia.
Estimation des dépenses de publication de l'Inra dans un modèle théorique « Gold Open Access »
Authors: Andro Mathieu , Hologne Odile , Mahé Annaïg 
Published: January 2015

L’étude publiée ici est le résultat d’une simulation menée à l’Institut national de la recherche agronomique (Inra) et dont l’objectif principal était de déterminer quels auraient été les coûts de diffusion en libre accès des articles publiés par ses équipes de recherche sur l’année 2011 selon un modèle Gold Open Access (ou « voie dorée ») dans lequel le financement est assuré par les auteurs et leurs établissements. Les auteurs de l’étude, Mathieu ANDRO, Odile HOLOGNE et Annaïg MAHÉ, comparent ensuite ces résultats avec les coûts en abonnements supportés par l’Inra. À l’instar des estimations récentes 1 de Wouter Gerritsma (Wageningen UR Library) au sujet de ce que coûterait le passage intégral au Gold Open Access aux Pays-Bas, la publication de ces résultats a pour objectif d’alimenter la réflexion collective sur l’opportunité de s’orienter vers ce nouveau modèle de diffusion.
La structure métapolitique de l'Occident
Authors: Esposito Roberto 
Published: January 2015

Cet essai rappelle l’interprétation qu’ont donnée Carl Schmitt, Dolf Sternberger et Nicole Loraux du caractère essentiel de la politique. Celui-ci a un rapport intrinsèque avec ce que Joachim Ritter et Manfred Riedel ont essayé de penser à travers la catégorie de « métapolitique ». Mais c’est en se référant également aux grandes époques que décrit la philosophie de l’histoire de Hegel que l’auteur conclut que le noyau métapolitique de la politique est constitué par la relation antinomique entre inclusion et exclusion. La machine de la théologie politique, autour de laquelle s’articule depuis longtemps la politique occidentale, fonctionne en attribuant constamment le rôle du tout à une partie par le biais de la soumission et de l’exclusion d’une autre partie.
La laïcité suppose-t-elle une théologie politique ?
Authors: Pranchère Jean-Yves 
Published: January 2015

Certains contre-révolutionnaires ont combattu la laïcité comme une contre-religion à laquelle il fallait opposer une théologie politique de l’autorité. Cette position impossible signale une tension réelle : dès la « religion laïque » de Renouvier et Buisson, la laïcité a été exposée à la tentation de sa propre sacralisation. Une réflexion théologico-politique pourrait servir ici à appuyer l’effort laïque pour échapper à toute « religion civile ».
Participations ordinaires et extraordinaires. Des appropriations différenciées d'une offre institutionnelle de participation municipale
Authors: Petit Guillaume 
Published: January 2015

Quelles sont les implications et les significations d’une offre de participation municipale ? À travers l’étude des appropriations différenciées d’une offre institutionnelle par les participants, nous interrogeons à quelles conditions, et dans quelle mesure, une telle offre peut convaincre des citoyens d’y prendre part. L’analyse des caractéristiques et des trajectoires des publics des dispositifs permet de contextualiser les innovations participatives dans un ordinaire de l’engagement local, et d’esquisser les conditions d’une participation non uniquement préfigurée dans les systèmes d’interconnaissance et de reconnaissance préalables. C’est à ces ajustements entre des dispositions et des contextes dans lesquels s’inscrivent les dispositifs participatifs que font référence les notions de participations dites ordinaires et extraordinaires. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un questionnement plus large sur l’hypothèse de la demande sociale de participation, sa construction et sa prise en compte par les dispositifs participatifs. De là, interroger une offre de participation comme une opportunité saisie ou non par des citoyens, permet d’accéder à une gamme contextualisée de réponses à la question : comment les individus souhaitent-ils ou sont-ils en mesure de souhaiter participer à la vie démocratique ?
L'autisme entre psychanalyse et comportementalisme : quelques propositions
Authors: Schwab Emmanuel 
Published: January 2015

Les débats actuels autour de l’autisme invitent à reprendre et clarifier les enjeux théoriques fondamentaux : comment comprendre la co-humanité et la spécificité des personnes avec autisme ? Les productions symboliques d’un enfant de huit ans permettront de mettre en évidence l’impact des spécificités de traitement sensoriel sur le vécu autistique. Nous proposons ensuite des éléments de dialogue théorico-pratique avec les conceptions comportementales du traitement des enfants avec autisme. Nous défendons ainsi l’idée d’une nécessaire fermeté thérapeutique pour créer un cadre protecteur et stimulant. Nous développons également l’idée que l’ajustement pragmatique au fonctionnement autistique est profondément amélioré par la possibilité de faire des hypothèses sur le vécu propre de ces enfants. Nous montrons dans ce sens comment un ancien texte de Freud propose des clés de lecture importantes pour comprendre le développement de la fonction miroir des personnes avec autisme.
Autour de l'accueil du bébé : intérêt d'une consultation transculturelle en maternité
Authors: Bossuroy Muriel , Serbandini Natascia , Drain Élise , Carbillon Lionel , Baubet Thierry , Ayosso Judith 
Published: January 2015

Cet article présente un dispositif psychothérapeutique mis en place à la maternité Jean Verdier à Bondy : une consultation transculturelle qui accueille des femmes de différentes origines culturelles, ayant en commun d’être touchées par des problématiques migratoires. Nous présentons en détail le dispositif puis deux cas cliniques illustrant l’intérêt et la spécificité d’une telle consultation en maternité.
L'égalité femmes-hommes
Authors: Milewski Françoise , Sénac Réjane 
Published: January 2015

L’Europe est considérée comme le moteur des politiques publiques d’égalité entre les sexes, en particulier à travers l’application par les États-membres du droit communautaire dans leur droit interne. Entre composantes législatives et instruments de soft law (comme l’approche transversale et la valorisation des « bonnes pratiques »), les politiques de l’UE pour l’égalité entre les sexes constituent ainsi un observatoire pour analyser les processus d’européanisation. Nous commencerons par aborder la spécificité des situations nationales avant d’analyser la dimension transnationale du droit communautaire de la non-discrimination. Nous éclairerons ensuite les politiques européennes d’égalité à travers quelques débats : des enjeux de la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi à l’articulation entre hard law et soft law , égalité femmes-hommes et européanisation.
Passer de l'austérité à l'investissement social, c'est à l'Europe de montrer la voie
Authors: Palier Bruno 
Published: January 2015

Depuis 2010, les plans d’austérité se multiplient en Europe pour faire face à la crise de la dette des États et pour rassurer les marchés. Les mesures adoptées par les différents gouvernements européens, ainsi que les recommandations émises par les instances européennes, sont principalement de trois types : réformes de la protection sociale, privatisations, gel du salaire des fonctionnaires et réduction de leur nombre. Des coupes sont prévues dans les dépenses sociales, des réformes structurelles sont imposées : augmentation de l’âge de départ à la retraite, flexibilisation accrue du marché du travail, baisse des prestations chômage pour rendre le travail plus attractif, heures de travail obligatoire pour les bénéficiaire de l’assistance, compétition renforcée dans le domaine des services sanitaires et sociaux. Ces politiques mènent à la destruction de la cohésion sociale des pays du Sud et de l’Est de l’Europe et ruinent un peu plus encore le peu de solidarité existant entre les peuples européens. L’Europe doit demain montrer la voie des politiques à mener pour l’avenir et soutenir les pays dans les efforts pour investir dans le social.
An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Nayak Sushma S , Metgud Sharda C , Bolmal Uday Kumar 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
Many weapons are available in the arsenal of a dental professional to combat dental caries, which is almost ubiquitously present. From a public health perspective, most of these weapons are far from being an ideal drug. Hence, there is a demand for better and effective antibacterial agents. This factor stimulated the process of the present study. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and methods
Dried ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula were procured and powdered. Physical tests were done to estimate purity of the fruit powder. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared according to standard procedures. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined by tube dilution method and confirmed by agar dilution method. The effect of the hydroethanolic extract on sucrose induced adhesion, glucan-induced aggregation and on glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans was also assessed. Preservative, gelling agent and sweetener were added in suitable quantities to the ethanol extract, and mouthrinse was formulated. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation was also determined.

Results
Yield was better in case of aqueous extract. The Minimum inhibitory concentration of hydroethanolic extract was determined to be 2.5%. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract was determined to be 10%. Hydroethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (2.5%) inhibited sucrose induced adherence and aggregation of Streptococcus mutans in vitro.

Conclusion
The mouthrinse formulated from ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity and could be used as an effective anticaries agent.

Clinical Significance
Terminalia chebula mouthrinse can be effectively used in clinical practice as an anticaries mouthrinse with additional benefit being that it is safe and economical.

How to cite this article
Nayak SS, Ankola AV, Metgud SC, Bolmal UK. An in vitro Study to determine the Effect of Terminalia chebula Extract and Its Formulation on Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):278-282.
The Impact of Polymerization Method on Tensile Bond Strength between Denture Base and Acrylic Teeth
Authors: Assery Mansour K , Ahmad Zeeshan H , Sukumaran Anil , Binmgren Mohammed A , Alsaleem Samah O , Vellappally Sajith 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Failure of the bond between acrylic teeth and the denture base resin interface is one of the major concern in prosthodontics. The new generation of denture bases that utilize alternate polymerization methods are being introduced in the market. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of polymerization methods on bonding quality between the denture base and artificial teeth. Sixty test specimens were prepared (20 in each group) and were polymerized using heat, microwave and visible light curing. The tensile strength was recorded for each of the samples, and the results were analyzed statistically. The light-activated Eclipse™ System showed the highest tensile strength, followed by heat curing. The microwave-cured samples exhibited the least bonding to the acrylic teeth. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the new generation of light-cured denture bases showed significantly better bonding to acrylic teeth and can be used as an alternative to the conventional heat-polymerized denture base.

How to cite this article
Hashem M, Binmgren MA, Alsaleem SO, Vellappally S, Assery MK, Sukumaran A. The Impact of Polymerization Method on Tensile Bond Strength between Denture Base and Acrylic Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15(3):315-318.
Influence of Fluoride Concentration and pH Value of 35% Hydrogen Peroxide on the Hardness, Roughness and Morphology of Bovine Enamel
Authors: Nascimento Wilcilene Costa , de Lima Gomes Yasmin do Socorro Batista , Alexandrino Larissa Dias , Costi Hilton Tulio , Silva José Otávio Carrera , Silva Cecy Martins 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations and pH values on the Knoop hardness (KHN), surface roughness (SR), and morphology of bovine incisors bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP).

Materials and methods
Sixty-five bovine incisors were fragmented (5 mm2 × 2 mm) and distributed in 5 groups: Control (unbleached), Low NaF/Acidic (35% HP + 1.3% NaF, pH 5.5), Low NaF/Neutral (35% HP + 1.3% NaF, pH 7.0), High NaF/ Acidic (35% HP + 2% NaF, pH 5.5), and High NaF/Neutral (35% HP + 2% NaF, pH 7.0). KHN analysis was performed with a microhardness tester under a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds. The average SR was obtained with a rugosimeter. KHN and SR were analyzed before and after treatments. For morphological analysis, specimens were dehydrated and gold-sputtered, and scanning electron micrographs were obtained and analyzed by 3 examiners with a double-blinded technique. KHN and SR results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results
Only the Low NaF/Acidic and Low NaF/Neutral groups showed significant differences between the initial and final KHN values. All bleached groups presented significant differences between the initial and final SR values. Among the bleached groups, the least and most morphological changes were shown by the High NaF/Neutral and the Low NaF/Acidic group, respectively.

Conclusion
Treatment with 35% HP and 2% NaF at pH 7.0 promoted the least changes in morphology, hardness and roughness among the bleached groups.

Clinical significance
In-office bleaching with high-concentration HP and 2% NaF at neutral pH promoted the least changes in enamel hardness, SR, and morphology compared to other treatments.

How to cite this article
Nascimento WC, Gomes YSBL, Alexandrino LD, Costi HT, Silva JOC Jr, Silva CM. Influence of Fluoride Concentration and pH Value of 35% Hydrogen Peroxide on the Hardness, Roughness and Morphology of Bovine Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):392-398.
Comparison of Nickel and Chromium Ions Released from Stainless Steel and NiTi Wires after Immersion in Oral B®, Orthokin® and Artificial Saliva
Authors: Jamilian Abdolreza , Moghaddas Omid , Toopchi Shabnam , Perillo Letizia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
Oral environment of the mouth is a suitable place for biodegradation of alloys used in orthodontic wires. The toxicity of these alloys namely nickel and chromium has concerned the researchers about the release of these ions from orthodontic wires and brackets. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of nickel and chromium ions released from 0.018” stainless steel (SS) and NiTi wires after immersion in three solutions.

Materials and methods
One hundred and forty-four round NiTi and 144 round SS archwires with the diameters of 0.018” were immersed in Oral B®, Orthokin® and artificial saliva. The amounts of nickel and chromium ions released were measured after 1, 6, 24 hours and 7 days.

Results
Two way repeated ANOVA showed that the amount of chromium and nickel significantly increased in all solutions during all time intervals (p < 0.002).

Conclusion
Chromium and nickel ions were released more in NiTi wire in all solutions compared with SS wire. The lowest increase rate was also seen in artificial saliva.

Clinical significance
There is general consensus in literature that even very little amounts of nickel and chromium are dangerous for human body specially when absorbed orally; therefore, knowing the precise amount of these ions released from different wires when immersed in different mouthwashes is of high priority.

How to cite this article
Jamilian A, Moghaddas O, Toopchi S, Perillo L. Comparison of Nickel and Chromium Ions Released from Stainless Steel and NiTi Wires after Immersion in Oral B®, Orthokin® and Artificial Saliva. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15(4):403-406.