bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Natural” labeling and consumers’ sentimental pastoral notion
Authors: Amos Clinton , Pentina Iryna , Hawkins Timothy G. , Davis Natalie 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This study aims to investigate the appeal of “natural” labeling and builds on past research which suggests that people may have a naïve pastoral view of nature and natural entities. “Natural” labeling is pervasive in supermarkets across the USA.Design/methodology/approach– This paper employs a multi-method approach to examine consumer perceptions and beliefs about products labeled “natural”. Qualitative responses are solicited to examine the images and feelings that come to mind when consumers see “natural” labeling on a food product. Two experiments are conducted to examine consumers’ evaluations of “natural” labeling on both food and supplement products.Findings– The results of three studies suggest that “natural” labeling evokes positive feelings and sentimental imagery associated with a pastoral view of nature. These perceptions reinforce beliefs that food and supplement products labeled “natural” possess positive instrumental benefits such as health advantages, lack of contamination and safety.Social implications– Consumers are under pressure to make better choices regarding what they put into their bodies due to pervasive concern over the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. This study provides insight into why consumers perceive food and supplement products labeled “natural” as better alternatives.Originality/value– This paper is one of the first studies to investigate the underlying perceptual forces accounting for the effectiveness of “natural” food and supplement labeling.
What is a Smart Building?
Authors: Buckman A.H. , Mayfield M. , B.M. Beck Stephen 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– Within the building sector a lack of clarity in terminology does not help designers, clients or researchers. Non-domestic buildings have shown rapid increases in the use of advanced technology and control systems with varying drivers, many of which are labelled as intelligent. The term smart has been used interchangeably with intelligent without any clear distinction between the two. If the term Smart Buildings represented a separate, more advanced grouping, it would provide an opportunity to focus the future progress of non-domestic building development. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Drawing upon academic and industrial literature and experience, this paper reviews the scope of Intelligent Buildings and the current available definitions of Smart Buildings to form a clear definition of both smart and Intelligent Buildings.

Findings
– These definitions define the border between the intelligent and the (more advanced) Smart Building. The upper bound of the Smart Building is defined by (the future development of) the predictive building.

Originality/value
– This work provides a clear focus which will allow the progression of the non-domestic building sector by providing guidance and aspiration, as well as providing a platform upon which a large amount of technical work can be based.
Elevated d‐Dimer Level is a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Lesions Accompanying Intravenous Immunoglobulin‐Unresponsive Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Masuzawa Yuko , Mori Masaaki , Hara Takuma , Inaba Aya , Oba Mari S , Yokota Shumpei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlthough there are many reports on the resistance of Kawasaki disease (KD) to initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy, risk factors for coronary artery lesions in such cases remain to be established. The objective of this study was to explore when additional therapies should be administered and to identify factors helpful for selecting a therapeutic option. Based on their written clinical records, we performed a retrospective review of KD patients who did not respond to initial IVIg therapy and who therefore then underwent plasma exchange (PE) therapy. This was a case‐control study to compare the presence or absence of acute coronary lesions in patients treated by PE for IVIg‐unresponsive KD at Yokohama City University Hospital or at Yokohama City University Medical Center. Fifteen of 44 patients had acute coronary artery lesions (CAL) correlating with high levels of white blood cells (WBC) (P = 0.045), d‐dimer (P = 0.008), and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (P = 0.009) and lower levels of fibrinogen (P = 0.013) prior to PE therapy. There was a strong correlation between pre‐PE levels of albumin and d‐dimer (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.610). Multivariate analyses revealed that the odds ratio for CAL when d‐dimer was ≥ 4.5 μg/mL was 25.06 (95% CI, 2.56–244.91, P = 0.006). d‐dimer elevation and albumin decline in IVIg‐unresponsive KD patients could be risk factors for acute CAL, suggesting the possibility that angitis has spread throughout the arterial system, as far as the coronary artery.
Sonic hedgehog increases the skin wound‐healing ability of mouse embryonic stem cells through the microRNA 200 family
Authors: Suh Han Na , Han Ho Jae 
Published: September 2014

Background and PurposeTo use stem cell therapy effectively, it is important to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells with soluble factors. Although sonic hedgehog (shh) is important in maintaining the stem cell, the recovery effect of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with shh has not yet been elucidated. The present study investigated the effect of mESCs with shh in skin recovery in vivo as well as the related intracellular signal pathways in vitro.Experimental ApproachThe healing effect of mESCs with shh on skin wounds was examined in vivo in ICR mice. The involvement of Smads, the microRNA (miR)‐200 family, zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox (ZEBs) and E‐cadherin on shh‐induced mESC migration and self‐renewal was determined in vitro.Key ResultsThe mESCs with shh increased re‐epithelialization and VEGF expression in skin wounds. Shh‐treated mESCs increased both secreted and intracellular levels of VEGF. Shh induced dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β through the Smoothened receptor and increased the phosphorylation of Smad1 and Smad2/3 in mESCs. Shh‐induced decrease of the mmu‐miR‐141, ‐200c, ‐200a, ‐200b and ‐429 expression levels was significantly reversed by Smad4 siRNA. Shh increased nuclear expression of ZEB1/ZEB2 and decreased E‐cadherin expression while increasing cell migration and skin wound healing. Both these effects were reversed by mmu‐miR‐141 and ‐200b mimics.Conclusions and ImplicationsMouse ESCs accelerated skin wound healing by shh through down‐regulating E‐cadherin, an effect dependent on mmu‐miR‐141 and ‐200b. Our data provides evidence for the effectiveness of shh in stem cell‐based therapy in vivo.
Parental Involvement Moderates Etiological Influences on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Behaviors in Child Twins
Authors: Nikolas Molly A. , Klump Kelly L. , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: September 2014

Although few would now contest the presence of Gene × Environment (G × E) effects in the development of child psychopathology, it remains unclear how these effects manifest themselves. Alternative G × E models have been proposed (i.e., diathesis–stress, differential susceptibility, bioecological), each of which has notably different implications for etiology. Child twin studies present a powerful tool for discriminating between these models. The current study examined whether and how parental involvement moderated etiological influences on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) within 500 twin pairs aged 6–11 years. Results indicated moderation of genetic and nonshared environmental contributions to ADHD by parental involvement, and moreover, suggested both differential susceptibility and bioecological models of G × E. Results highlight the utility of child twin samples in testing different manifestations of G × E effects.
Morphological Characterization of the Anterior Palatine Region Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: López Jornet Pia , Boix Paula , Sanchez Perez Arturo , Boracchia Alexandra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundSurgery of the anterior maxillary zone has a strong impact upon dental and facial aesthetics and function.PurposeTo determine the anatomical characteristics and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal and alveolar bone using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional study was made of the nasopalatine canal in 122 randomly selected CBCT scans corresponding to 66 males (44.3%) and 56 females (55.6%). The following measurements were made: maximum length and diameters of the nasal and oral openings of the nasopalatine canal; distance from the crestal margin to the buccal wall (at apical, middle, and coronal level); and angulation of the nasopalatine canal. The anatomical variants were morphologically classified as follows: A (single canal), B (double canal), or C (Y‐shaped canal).ResultsThe anatomy of the nasopalatine canal showed important variability in terms of morphology and dimensions. Type A was observed in 48 patients (39.34%), type B in 10 (8.19%), and type C in 64 (52.45%). The mean diameter of the nasal opening or orifice was 3.02 ± 1.0 mm versus 3.29 ± 1.0 mm in the case of the oral opening. The mean length of the canal was 11.02 ± 2.4 mm. Significant differences were found between males and females, with greater canal dimensions and alveolar bone thickness values anterior to the nasal canal zone among males (p < .05).ConclusionsOur study shows gender to exert a significant influence upon the anatomical dimensions of the anterior maxilla and incisor canal. Given the anatomical variability characterizing the nasopalatine canal, we recommend CBCT evaluation prior to any type of surgery of the anterior maxillary zone.
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and SPECT/low‐dose computerized tomography did not increase sensitivity or specificity compared to planar bone scintigraphy for detection of bone metastases in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Haraldsen Ate , Bluhme Henrik , Røhl Lisbeth , Pedersen Erik Morre , Jensen Anders Bonde , Hansen Eva Boysen , Nellemann Hanne , Rasmussen Finn , Morsing Anni 
Published: September 2014

SummaryPurposeTo evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of whole‐body planar bone scintigraphy (WBS), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), SPECT/low‐dose computerized tomography (SPECT/ldCT) and SPECT/contrast enhanced diagnostic CT (SPECT/cdCT) in the staging of patients with advanced breast cancer.MethodsSeventy‐eight patients with recurrence of biopsy‐proven breast cancer and suspicion of disseminated disease were investigated with WBS, SPECT, SPECT/ldCT, SPECT/cdCT and MRI performed on the same day in this prospective study. Images were separately analysed in a blinded fashion by radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians regarding the presence of pathological findings. MRI served as reference standard.ResultsAccording to reference standard, 38 of 73 patients had bone metastases. The sensitivity was 87%, 87%, 79%, and 84% and specificity 63%, 71%, 63% and 83% for WBS, SPECT, SPECT/ldCT and SPECT/cdCT. A significantly increased specificity of SPECT/cdCT compared to WBS and SPECT/ldCT was found, and other parameters did not differ significantly between modalities. Additional two patients had bone metastases solely located outside the MRI scan field and seven patients had soft tissue metastases, but no skeletal changes on MRI.ConclusionWBS, SPECT and SPECT/ldCT were less sensitive than MRI and equally specific for the detection of bone metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer. Based on our findings, we suggest that initial staging include WBS, MRI of the spine and CT for soft tissue evaluation. Further studies may clarify the potential benefits of whole‐body MRI and 18F‐NaF PET/CT or 18F‐FDG PET/CT.
Verrucous hemangioma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 74 cases
Authors: Wang Lei , Gao Tianwen , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundVerrucous hemangioma is a rare form of vascular malformation. Previous studies have reported positive expression of Wilms tumor 1 (WT‐1) and Glut‐1 and negative expression of lymphatic markers such as D2‐40 and Prox1 in verrucous hemangioma cases. However, the sample sizes of these studies were usually small.MethodsWe analyzed 74 cases of verrucous hemangioma diagnosed in a single dermatology department and performed immunohistochemical analysis of vascular and lymphatic markers in all cases.ResultsVerrucous hemangioma was usually located on the extremities. Most lesions presented as solitary or multiple hyperkeratotic plaques or nodules with various diameters. Histopathologically, the lesions showed proliferation of small‐ to medium‐sized vessels from the papillary dermis to subcutaneous tissue. The density of the proliferated vessels varied between cases. The vessels were positive for CD31 in 74 cases, focally positive for Prox1 in 63 cases, focally positive for D2‐40 in 10 cases, negative for lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1 in 74 cases, negative for WT‐1 in 60 cases, and positive for Glut‐1 in 49 cases.ConclusionVerrucous hemangioma is a vascular malformation with an incomplete lymphatic immunophenotype, as indicated by positive staining for Prox1 and negative staining for WT‐1 in the majority of instances.
Prevalence of medical marijuana use in California, 2012
Authors: Ryan‐Ibarra Suzanne , Induni Marta , Ewing Danielle 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe US Drug Enforcement Agency classifies marijuana as an illegal substance, yet in 22 states marijuana is legal for medicinal use. In 1996, California legalised the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes, but population‐based data describing medical marijuana users in the state has not been available. Our aim was to examine the demographic differences between users and non‐users of medical marijuana in California utilising population‐based data.Design and MethodsWe used data from the California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012, an annual, random‐digit‐dial state‐wide telephone survey that collects health data from a representative adult sample (n = 7525). Age‐adjusted prevalence rates were estimated.ResultsFive percent of adults in California reported ever using medical marijuana, and most users believed that medical marijuana helped alleviate symptoms or treat a serious medical condition. Prevalence was similar when compared by gender, education and region. Prevalence of ever using medical marijuana was highest among white adults and younger adults ages 18–24 years, although use was reported by every racial/ethnic and age group examined in our study and ranged from 2% to 9%.ConclusionsOur study's results lend support to the idea that medical marijuana is used equally by many groups of people and is not exclusively used by any one specific group. As more states approve marijuana use for medical purposes, it is important to track medical marijuana use as a health‐related behaviour and risk factor. [Ryan‐Ibarra S, Induni M, Ewing D. Prevalence of medical marijuana use in California, 2012. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:141–6]
Structural elucidation of the binding site and mode of inhibition of Li+ and Mg2+ in inositol monophosphatase
Authors: Dutta Anirudha , Bhattacharyya Sudipta , Dutta Debajyoti , Das Amit Kumar 
Published: September 2014

Mg2+‐dependent, Li+‐sensitive phosphatases are a widely distributed family of enzymes with significant importance throughout the biological kingdom. Inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) is an important target of Li+‐based therapeutic agents in manic depressive disorders. However, despite decades of intense research efforts, the precise mechanism of Li+‐induced inhibition of IMPase remains obscured. Here we describe a structural investigation of the Li+ binding site in staphylococcal IMPase I (SaIMPase I) using X–ray crystallography. The biochemical study indicated common or overlapping binding sites for Mg2+ and Li+ in the active site of SaIMPase I. The crystal structure of the SaIMPase I ternary product complex shows the presence of a phosphate and three Mg2+ ions (namely Mg1, Mg2 and Mg3) in the active site. As Li+ is virtually invisible in X–ray crystallography, competitive displacement of Mg2+ ions from the SaIMPase I ternary product complex as a function of increasing LiCl concentration was used to identify the Li+ binding site. In this approach, the disappearing electron density of Mg2+ ions due to Li+ ion binding was traced, and the Mg2+ ion present at the Mg2 binding site was found to be replaced. Moreover, based on a detailed comparative investigation of the phosphate orientation and coordination states of Mg2+ binding sites in enzyme–substrate and enzyme–product complexes, inhibition mechanisms for Li+ and Mg2+ are proposed.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates for the SaIMPase I ternary complex, SaIMPase I in 50 mm LiCl, SaIMPase I in 100 mm LiCl and SaIMPase I in 0 mm MgCl2 have been submitted to the Protein Data Bank under accession numbers 4G61, 4I40, 4I3Y and 4PTK, respectively.Structured digital abstract

SaIMPase-I and SaIMPase-I bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction)
Nurse‐led cognitive screening model for older adults in primary care
Authors: Yang Yanni , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Deng Lanlan , Wang Yanjiang , Li Min , Ullah Shahid 
Published: September 2014

AimThe present study aimed to establish a nurse‐led cognitive screening model for community‐dwelling older adults with subjective memory complaints from seven communities in Chongqing, China, and report the findings of this model.MethodsScreenings took place from July 2012 to June 2013. Cognitive screening was incorporated into the annual health assessment for older adults with subjective memory complaints in a primary care setting. Two community nurses were trained to implement the screening using the Mini‐Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.ResultsOf 733 older adults, 495 (67.5%) reported having subjective memory complaints. Of the 249 individuals who participated in the cognitive screening, 102 (41%) had mild cognitive impairment, whereas 32 (12.9%) had cognitive impairment. A total of 80 participants (78.4%) with mild cognitive impairment agreed to participate in a memory support program. Participants with cognitive impairment were referred to specialists for further examination and diagnosis; only one reported that he had seen a specialist and had been diagnosed with dementia.ConclusionsIncorporating cognitive screening into the annual health assessment for older adults with subjective memory complaints was feasible, though referral rates from primary care providers remained unchanged. The present study highlights the urgent need for simple screenings as well as community‐based support services in primary care for older adults with cognitive or mild cognitive impairments. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 721–728.
Genetic diversity and variation in North American orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars and breeding lines
Authors: Xie Wengang , Bushman B. Shaun , Ma Yingmei , West Mark S. , Robins Joseph G. , Michaels Lisa , Jensen Kevin B. , Zhang Xinquan , Casler Michael D. , Stratton Samuel D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOrchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a high quality forage grass naturalized to temperate climates. Used extensively in hay and grazing agriculture, hundreds of orchardgrass cultivars have been released over the past 50 years. However, progress in yield and other agronomic characteristics in orchardgrass cultivars has occurred slowly and often inconsistently. One cause of the slow progress could be a lack of genetic diversity among orchardgrass cultivars, or an over‐abundance of diversity within cultivars. With an emphasis on North American cultivars, this study assessed the genetic diversity within and among 52 orchardgrass cultivars, breeding lines and accessions. Genetic similarity within cultivars ranged from 52 to 71%, similar to values from wild‐land, unselected accessions. Populations from Wisconsin and Missouri breeding efforts that resulted from two cycles of genotypic recurrent selection were included as checks. Neither group of selection populations exhibited more within‐population similarity compared to the wild‐land accessions (ecotypes) and cultivars. Genetic differentiation was detected only for the selection populations and several cultivars and breeding lines that had a tendency to originate from eastern Asian germplasm and have late flowering times. These results indicated an abundance of genetic variation within the orchardgrass cultivars, but a paucity of genetic differentiation among cultivars.
Assessment of the histopathological key features in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: de Boer Ynto S , van Nieuwkerk Carin M J , Witte Birgit I , Mulder Chris J J , Bouma Gerd , Bloemena Elisabeth 
Published: September 2014

AimsIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the use of typical histological features of both the revised original (1999) and simplified (2008) criteria in the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in clinical practice.Methods and resultsWe performed a detailed histopathological evaluation of the pretreatment biopsies of 63 AIH patients, and used biopsies of 62 untreated chronic viral hepatitis patients [hepatitis B (n = 21) or hepatitis C (n = 41)] as a reference cohort. Biopsies were systematically reviewed for inflammation, fibrosis and the presence of interface hepatitis, plasma cells, rosettes and emperipolesis with a well‐defined assessment method. AIH biopsies showed more interface hepatitis (87% versus 63%, P = 0.002), more plasma cell‐rich infiltrates (48% versus 27%, P = 0.02), more rosettes (49% versus 23%, P = 0.004) and more emperipolesis (78% versus 50%, P = 0.001) than chronic viral hepatitis biopsies. Emperipolesis (P = 0.01) and rosettes (P < 0.01) were superior to plasma cells and interface hepatitis as independent predictors for AIH. Moderate to severe lymphocytic cholangitis was found in 28% of AIH patients.ConclusionsEmperipolesis and rosette formation are superior histological predictors of AIH than the classic hallmark features of interface hepatitis and plasma cells. In addition, moderate to severe lymphocytic cholangitis does not preclude the diagnosis of AIH.
Diffuse melanosis cutis in the setting of BRAFV600E metastatic melanoma
Authors: Sebaratnam Deshan F. , Martin Linda K. , Venugopal Supriya S. , Mangos George , Freiman John , de Souza Paul , Farnsworth Annabelle , Cheung Karen , Scolyer Richard A. , Murrell Dédée F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCase ReportA 79‐year‐old Caucasian male presented with a 1‐week history of diffuse progressive blue‐gray discoloration of the skin subsequently found to due to diffuse melanosis cutis (DMC) in the setting of metastatic melanoma. Mutation testing demonstrated BRAFV600E mutation status, an unexpected finding given his age. He died two weeks after presentation.DiscussionAs our understanding of the molecular subtypes of melanoma increases, in the future it may be possible to predict which melanoma patients have a predilection to developing DMC. Mutation testing of DMC patients should be considered as BRAF inhibitors, and other novel targeted therapies may improve the bleak prognosis associated with this unusual presentation of metastatic melanoma.