bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving optimal convergence order for FEM in control constrained optimal control problems
Authors: Schneider René , Wachsmuth Gerd 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe propose a new heuristic approach to overcome convergence order restrictions implied by the low regularity of the optimal control due to the activity interface of control constraints. Aligning the mesh with the interface yields an improved approximation of the control. Utility of the approach is demonstrated by numerical experiments. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Equivalence of Linear Programming and Basis Pursuit
Authors: Tillmann Andreas M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this note, we show that linear programming and the prominent Basis Pursuit problem (i.e., minimizing the ℓ1‐norm of a vector x subject to an underdetermined linear equation system Ax = b) are theoretically equivalent, and briefly discuss possible ramifications regarding computational complexity and practical applicability. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Approximation of Singularities by Quantized‐Tensor FEM
Authors: Kazeev Vladimir , Schwab Christoph 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn d dimensions, first‐order tensor‐product finite‐element (FE) approximations of the solutions of second‐order elliptic problems are well known to converge algebraically, with rate at most 1/d in the energy norm and with respect to the number of degrees of freedom. On the other hand, FE methods of higher regularity may achieve exponential convergence, e.g. global spectral methods for analytic solutions and hp methods for solutions from certain countably normed spaces, which may exhibit singularities.In this note, we revisit, in one dimension, the tensor‐structured approach to the h‐FE approximation of singular functions. We outline a proof of the exponential convergence of such approximations represented in the quantized‐tensor‐train (QTT) format. Compared to special approximation techniques, such as hp, that approach is fully adaptive in the sense that it finds suitable approximation spaces algorithmically. The convergence is measured with respect to the number of parameters used to represent the solution, which is not the dimension of the first‐order FE space, but depends only polylogarithmically on that. We demonstrate the convergence numerically for a simple model problem and find the rate to be approximately the same as for hp approximations. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Psychosocial Late Effects in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Bitsko Matthew J. , Cohen Debra , Dillon Robyn , Harvey Jeanne , Krull Kevin , Klosky James L. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThis review was conducted to update the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Long‐Term Follow‐Up Guidelines (COG‐LTFU Guidelines, version 4.0) regarding screening for psychosocial late effects of pediatric cancer.ProcedureArticles published between August 2009 and January 2011 that addressed psychosocial late effects of long‐term survivors of pediatric cancer (n = 35) were reviewed by a multidisciplinary team of COG late effect experts.ResultsThe majority of studies in this time period indicate that survivors experience few psychosocial problems in long‐term survivorship. A critical subset, however, is at increased risk for psychosocial late effects secondary to the treatment. Highlighted findings from this review include increased rates of suicidal ideation (SI), and health beliefs as robust predictors of SI, anxiety, and global distress. Survivors’ health beliefs were associated with their perceptions of physical limitations, overall late effects, and cancer‐related pain. While many survivorship studies continue to specify risk factors for anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms/posttraumatic stress disorder, others outcomes (e.g., developmental, interpersonal, and familial factors) appear to be emerging in importance.ConclusionsAlthough the majority of childhood cancer survivors do not experience psychosocial problems, a subset will. The recent research findings have been included in the new COG‐LTFU Guidelines that will assist in the targeted assessment and the treatment of survivors’ psychosocial health.
Cyclic peptide–polymer conjugates: Grafting‐to vs grafting‐from
Authors: Larnaudie Sophie C. , Brendel Johannes C. , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA systematic comparison between the grafting‐to (convergent) and grafting‐from (divergent) synthetic routes leading to cyclic peptide–polymer conjugates is described. The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process was used to control the polymerizations and the couplings between cyclic peptide and polymer or RAFT agent were performed using N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) active ester ligation. The kinetics of polymerization and polymer conjugation to cyclic peptides were studied for both grafting‐to and grafting‐from synthetic routes, using N‐acryloyl morpholine as a model monomer. The cyclic peptide chain transfer agent was able to mediate polymerization as efficiently as a traditional RAFT agent, reaching high conversion in the same time scale while maintaining excellent control over the molecular weight distribution. The conjugation of polymers to cyclic peptides proceeded to high conversion, and the nature of the carbon at the α‐position to the NHS group was found to play a crucial role in the reaction kinetics. The study was extended to a wider range of monomers, including hydrophilic and temperature responsive acrylamides, hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylates, and hydrophobic and pH responsive methacrylates. Both approaches lead to similar peptide–polymer conjugates in most cases, while some exceptions highlight the advantages of one or the other method, thereby demonstrating their complementarity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1003–1011
Efficient fabrication of polymer nanoparticles via sonogashira cross‐linking of linear polymers in dilute solution
Authors: Prasher Alka , Loynd Conor M. , Tuten Bryan T. , Frank Peter G. , Chao Danming , Berda Erik B. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of single‐chain nanoparticles by palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling between a terminal alkyne and a di‐halo aryl cross‐linker is reported. Statistical copolymers with trimethylsilyl protected alkyne groups pendent to the linear methacrylate back bones were synthesized using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization post polymerization de‐protection providing terminal alkyne functionalized linear polymer chains. These linear polymer chains were intramolecularly cross‐linked via bifunctional cross‐linkers. The resulting well‐defined covalently bonded nanoparticles were characterized via triple‐detection size exclusion chromatography where MALS detector provided molecular weight information and viscometric detection characterizes particle size and conformations. The particle size could be readily tuned through polymer molecular weight and by degree of cross‐linking. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 209–217
Arborescent micelles: Dendritic poly(γ‐benzyl l‐glutamate) cores grafted with hydrophilic chain segments
Authors: Whitton Greg , Gauthier Mario 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAmphiphilic copolymers were obtained by grafting arborescent poly(γ‐benzyl l‐glutamate) (PBG) cores of generations G1–G3 with polyglycidol, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), or poly(l‐glutamic acid) (PGA) chain segments. The PBG substrates were synthesized by two methods: (1) subjecting PBG samples with a dispersity Đ = Mw/Mn < 1.1 to partial acidolysis of the benzyl ester groups, to produce randomly distributed carboxylic acid functionalities, and (2) using PBG chains containing a glutamic acid di‐tert‐butyl ester initiator fragment in the last grafting cycle of the PBG core synthesis, and selective acidolysis of the tert‐butyl ester groups to obtain substrates with carboxylic acid termini. Linear polymers with Đ < 1.20 and a primary amine terminus were also synthesized to serve as hydrophilic shell materials: Polyglycidol and PEO by anionic polymerization, and PGA by N‐carboxyanhydride ring‐opening polymerization. These polymers, combined with the two different PGB substrate types, allowed the evaluation of the usefulness of random versus chain‐end grafting in producing arborescent copolymers useful as unimolecular micelles in organic and aqueous media. Size exclusion chromatography served to determine the grafting yield, molar mass, dispersity, and branching functionality of the copolymers. Dynamic light scattering measurements provided information on their aggregation behavior in aqueous environments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1197–1209
Cellular and chromatin dynamics of antibody‐secreting plasma cells
Authors: Bortnick Alexandra , Murre Cornelis 
Published: October 2015

Plasma cells are terminally differentiated B cells responsible for maintaining protective serum antibody titers. Despite their clinical importance, our understanding of the linear genomic features and chromatin structure of plasma cells is incomplete. The plasma cell differentiation program can be triggered by different signals and in multiple, diverse peripheral B cell subsets. This heterogeneity raises questions about the gene regulatory circuits required for plasma cell specification. Recently, new regulators of plasma cell differentiation have been identified and the enhancer landscapes of naïve B cells have been described. Other studies have revealed that the bone marrow niche harbors heterogeneous plasma cell subsets. Still undefined are the minimal requirements to become a plasma cell and what molecular features make peripheral B cell subsets competent to become antibody‐secreting plasma cells. New technologies promise to reveal underlying chromatin configurations that promote efficient antibody secretion. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:136–149. doi: 10.1002/wdev.213This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Analysis of a Study of Lead Wheel Weight Deposition and Abrasion in New Jersey
Authors: Root Robert A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper analyzes the implications for children’s health of shortcomings in the methods and results of a study of lead in the environment, “Quantity of Lead Released to the Environment in New Jersey in the Form of Motor Vehicle Wheel Weights,” by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (Aucott and Caldarelli, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 223, 1743–1752, 2012). The study significantly understates the amount of lead deposited in New Jersey streets as 12 metric tons per year and incorrectly concludes that only 40 kg per year of the lead from wheel weights is abraded into small particles. The 2012 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) study misleads regulators and the public into believing that little toxic particulate lead from abraded wheel weights occurs on the streets of New Jersey and by implication that little occurs elsewhere in the United States, thus minimizing the potential health risk that lead wheel weights may have to our nation’s children and indeed all of us.
Subsurface Coal Fire Mapping using Magnetic Survey at East Basuria Colliery, Jharkhand
Authors: Vaish Jitendra , Pal S. K. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The present study deals with the mapping and understanding of sub-surface coal fire on the basis of magnetic susceptibility of materials that changes with the temperatures rise above or below the Curie temperature. The magnetic data acquisition has been carried out using high resolution GSM-19T proton precession magnetometer. The acquired magnetic data have been processed and analyzed to study magnetic field anomaly of East Basuria Colliery in Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand, India for mapping and understanding of sub-surface coal fire. Residual component of the total magnetic field anomaly map of the area has been calculated to enhance and delineate the coal fire region.
Fish consumption and depressive symptoms in undergraduate students: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Hamazaki K. , Natori T. , Kurihara S. , Murata N. , Cui Z.-G. , Kigawa M. , Morozumi R. , Inadera H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that fish consumption may have beneficial effects on mood disorders. However, no study has been reported on this issue in young adults to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fish consumption and depressive symptoms in Japanese undergraduate students.MethodsThe 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms with a cut-off score of 16. A total of 4190 completed questionnaires (from 2124 men and 2066 women) were received for analysis.ResultsMultivariate logistic analysis showed that fish intake was inversely associated with risk of depressive symptoms in undergraduate students. After adjustment for possible confounders, the odds-ratios (95% confidence intervals) for fish intake 1–2 times/month, 1–2 times/week, 3–4 times/week, and almost every day (compared with “almost never”) were 0.78 (0.62–0.99), 0.70 (0.56–0.87), 0.67 (0.53–0.85) and 0.65 (0.46–0.92), respectively. This association tended to be stronger in women than in men.ConclusionsFrequent fish consumption in undergraduate students seems to moderate depressive symptoms. Further research is warranted to clarify the causality.
Evaluation of phototherapy with reflectors
Authors: Hashim Mohammed El Sayed , Said Reem Nabil , Abdallah Enas Abdallah Ali , Elghafar Heba F. Abd 
Published: October 2015

Background and objectives:
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most prevalent clinical conditions requiring evaluation and management within the first few days of life. Phototherapy is the single most common intervention used for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of phototherapy with reflectors compared to conventional phototherapy in controlling neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.

Patients and methods:
In this randomized controlled study, we studied neonates for one year (from June 2010 to June 2011) who were full term and healthy with uncomplicated jaundice and who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of El-Nasr General Hospital, Port-Said, Egypt. The subjects were randomized in two groups: group A (n = 30) received phototherapy with reflectors and group B (n = 30) received conventional phototherapy. Serum bilirubin levels were measured on admission and every 12 h thereafter. With declining read-ings, bilirubin was measured once daily until hospital discharge.

Results:
There was no significant difference in total serum bilirubin on admission between the two groups. On discharge, bilirubin levels significantly decreased in group A compared to group B. There was a reduction in the duration of the hospital stay in group A compared to group B. The only observed complication in the groups was hyperthermia, which was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The present study examined the efficacy and tolerability of phototherapy with re-flectors in comparison to conventional phototherapy and found that phototherapy with reflec-tors was significantly better at controlling bilirubin levels in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinaemia and at shortening hospitalization time.
KNOWING OUR DEGREES OF BELIEF
Authors: Dogramaci Sinan 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe main question of this paper is: how do we manage to know what our own degrees of belief are? Section 1 briefly reviews and criticizes the traditional functionalist view, a view notably associated with David Lewis and sometimes called the theory-theory. I use this criticism to motivate the approach I want to promote. Section 2, the bulk of the paper, examines and begins to develop the view that we have a special kind of introspective access to our degrees of belief. I give an initial assessment of the view by examining its compatibility with leading theories of introspection. And I identify a challenge for the view, and explain why I'm optimistic that the view can overcome it.
Dynamics of non-circular finite-release gravity currents
Authors: Zgheib N. , Bonometti T. , Balachandar S. 
Published: October 2015

The present work reports some new aspects of non-axisymmetric gravity currents obtained from laboratory experiments, fully resolved simulations and box models. Following the earlier work of Zgheib et al. (Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., vol. 28, 2014, pp. 521–529) which demonstrated that gravity currents initiating from non-axisymmetric cross-sectional geometries do not become axisymmetric, nor do they retain their initial shape during the slumping and inertial phases of spreading, we show that such non-axisymmetric currents eventually reach a self-similar regime during which (i) the local front propagation scales as $t^{1/2}$ as in circular releases and (ii) the non-axisymmetric front has a self-similar shape that primarily depends on the aspect ratio of the initial release. Complementary experiments of non-Boussinesq currents and top-spreading currents suggest that this self-similar dynamics is independent of the density ratio, vertical aspect ratio, wall friction and Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$, provided the last is large, i.e. $\mathit{Re}\geqslant O(10^{4})$. The local instantaneous front Froude number obtained from the fully resolved simulations is compared to existing models of Froude functions. The recently reported extended box model is capable of capturing the dynamics of such non-axisymmetric flows. Here we use the extended box model to propose a relation for the self-similar horizontal aspect ratio ${\it\chi}_{\infty }$ of the propagating front as a function of the initial horizontal aspect ratio ${\it\chi}_{0}$, namely ${\it\chi}_{\infty }=1+(\ln {\it\chi}_{0})/3$. The experimental and numerical results are in good agreement with the proposed relation.
Estimation of dietary flavonoid intake and major food sources of Korean adults
Authors: Jun Shinyoung , Shin Sangah , Joung Hyojee 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEpidemiological studies have suggested that flavonoids exhibit preventive effects on degenerative diseases. However, lack of sufficient data on flavonoid intake has limited evaluating the proposed effects in populations. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the total and individual flavonoid intakes among Korean adults and determine the major dietary sources of these flavonoids. We constructed a flavonoid database of common Korean foods, based on the food list reported in the 24-h recall of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2012, using data from the Korea Functional Food Composition Table, US Department of Agriculture flavonoid database, Phenol-Explorer database and other analytical studies. This database, which covers 49 % of food items and 76 % of food intake, was linked with the 24-h recall data of 33 581 subjects aged ≥19 years in the KNHANES 2007–2012. The mean daily intake of total flavonoids in Korean adults was 318·0 mg/d, from proanthocyanidins (22·3 %), flavonols (20·3 %), isoflavones (18·1 %), flavan-3-ols (16·2 %), anthocyanidins (11·6 %), flavanones (11·3 %) and flavones (0·3 %). The major contributing food groups to the flavonoid intake were fruits (54·4 %), vegetables (20·5 %), legumes and legume products (16·2 %) and beverages and alcohols (3·1 %), and the major contributing food items were apples (21·9 %), mandarins (12·5 %), tofu (11·5 %), onions (9·6 %) and grapes (9·0 %). In the regression analysis, the consumption of legumes and legume products, vegetables and fruits predicted total flavonoid intake the most. The findings of this study could facilitate further investigation on the health benefits of flavonoids and provide the basic information for establishing recommended flavonoid intakes for Koreans.
Effect of supplementation of fermented milk drink containing probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota on the concentrations of aflatoxin biomarkers among employees of Universiti Putra Malaysia: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Mohd Redzwan Sabran , Abd Mutalib Mohd Sokhini , Wang Jia-Sheng , Ahmad Zuraini , Kang Min-Su , Abdul Rahman Nurul 'Aqilah , Nikbakht Nasrabadi Elham , Jamaluddin Rosita 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHuman exposure to aflatoxin is through the diet, and probiotics are able to bind aflatoxin and prevent its absorption in the small intestine. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) (probiotic drink) to prevent aflatoxin absorption and reduce serum aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct (AFB1-lys) and urinary aflatoxin M1 concentrations. The present study was a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study with two 4-week intervention phases. In all, seventy-one subjects recruited from the screening stage were divided into two groups – the Yellow group and the Blue group. In the 1st phase, one group received probiotic drinks twice a day and the other group received placebo drinks. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, 2nd and 4th week of the intervention. After a 2-week wash-out period, the treatments were switched between the groups, and blood and urine samples were collected at the 6th, 8th and 10th week (2nd phase) of the intervention. No significant differences in aflatoxin biomarker concentrations were observed during the intervention. A within-group analysis was further carried out. Aflatoxin biomarker concentrations were not significantly different in the Yellow group. Nevertheless, ANOVA for repeated measurements indicated that AFB1-lys concentrations were significantly different (P=0·035) with the probiotic intervention in the Blue group. The 2nd week AFB1-lys concentrations (5·14 (sd 2·15) pg/mg albumin (ALB)) were significantly reduced (P=0·048) compared with the baseline (6·24 (sd 3·42) pg/mg ALB). Besides, the 4th week AFB1-lys concentrations were significantly lower (P<0·05) with probiotic supplementation than with the placebo. Based on these findings, a longer intervention study is warranted to investigate the effects of continuous LcS consumption to prevent dietary aflatoxin exposure.