bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 10% and 15% Carbamide Peroxide on Fracture Toughness of Human Dentin In Situ
Authors: Tam LE , Bahrami P , Oguienko O , Limeback H 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY

Purpose
Although damage to the structural integrity of the tooth is not usually considered a significant problem associated with tooth bleaching, there have been some reported negative effects of bleaching on dental hard tissues in vitro. More studies are needed to determine whether the observed in vitro effects have practical clinical implications regarding tooth structural durability.

Objectives
This in situ study evaluated the effect of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) dental bleach, applied using conventional whitening trays by participants at home, on the fracture toughness of dentin.

Methods
Ninety-one adult volunteers were recruited (n ≈ 30/group). Compact fracture toughness specimens (approximately 4.5 × 4.6 × 1.7 mm) were prepared from the coronal dentin of recently extracted human molars and gamma-radiated. One specimen was fitted into a prepared slot, adjacent to a maxillary premolar, within a custom-made bleaching tray that was made for each adult participant. The participants were instructed to wear the tray containing the dentin specimen with placebo, 10% CP, or 15% CP treatment gel overnight for 14 nights and to store it in artificial saliva when not in use. Pre-bleach and post-bleach tooth color and tooth sensitivity were also evaluated using ranked shade tab values and visual analogue scales (VASs), respectively. Within 24–48 hours after the last bleach session, the dentin specimens were tested for fracture toughness using tensile loading at 10 mm/min. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, Tukey's, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05 for all tests, except for the Mann-Whitney U tests, which used a Bonferroni correction for post hoc analyses of the nonparametric data (p&lt;0.017).

Results
The placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups contained 30, 31, and 30 participants, respectively. Mean fracture toughness (+ standard deviation) for the placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups were 2.3 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 2.0 ± 0.5 MPa*m1/2 respectively. There were no significant differences in mean fracture toughness results among the groups (p=0.241).
The tooth sensitivity VAS scores indicated a significantly greater incidence (p=0.000) and degree of tooth sensitivity (p=0.049 for VAS change and p=0.003 for max VAS) in the bleach groups than in the placebo group. The color change results showed generally greater color change in the bleach groups than in the placebo group (p=0.008 for shade guide determination and p=0.000 for colorimeter determination).

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in in situ dentin fracture toughness results among the groups. The results of this study provide some reassurance that dentin is not overtly weakened by the bleaching protocol used in this study. However, the lack of a statistically significant difference cannot be used to state that there is no effect of bleach on dentin fracture toughness.
Heterogeneous oligomerization catalysts: properties and efficiency
Authors: Nykulyshyn Irena , Voronchak Taras , Pikh Zorian , Rypka Anna 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A number of heterogeneous acid type catalysts of silica-alumina nature, which are proposed to be used for petrochemistry by-product oligomerization, have been investigated. Particularly, such key indicators as active site concentration and strength have been determined. These parameters have been determined by the method based on potentiometric titration that is relatively seldom used in heterogeneous catalysis. The number of active site types present in investigated catalysts, as well as concentrations of each type of site, has been determined by mathematical processing of potentiometric titration data. The sequence of mathematical processing of titration data is described. The relationship between the properties of the investigated catalysts and their effectiveness in heterogeneous catalytic cooligomerization of the C9 fraction of liquid products of diesel fuel pyrolysis has been analyzed. The relationships between yields achieved in the presence of various catalysts and the properties of these catalysts have been defined. Namely, it was determined that the product yield is almost proportional to the active site’s concentration of the catalysts (activated clay materials). The relationship between the strength of active sites and average molecular weight of the cooligomers has been found. The causes of obtained regularities have been analyzed and explained.
The radioactivity and the chemical nature of additives as factors determining the photocatalytic activity of TiO2
Authors: Milanova Maria , Kovacheva Petya , Kralchevska Radina , Kolev Jovo , Zaharieva Joana , Todorovsky Dimitar 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Microcomposites consisting of TiO2 and ThF4 or UO3 (0.5–2% of the TiO2 mass) are produced by sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 in presence of the respective additives. X-ray diffraction study reveals small effect of the latter on TiO2 phase composition and cell parameters and significant influence on the crystallite size and UV/Vis reflectance spectra. The photocatalytic tests in presence of TiO2-ThF4 microcomposites under UV and solar irradiation show a non-monotonic increase of the Malachite Green degradation rate constant with the increase of ThF4-content. No changes in the photocatalytic activity are observed in the presence of UO3 but the latter composites exhibit activity in darkness. The results are compared with previously reported data on the performance of TiO2-ThO2 photocatalyst with the same radioactivity and suggest that both radioactivity and the chemical nature of the dopants are responsible for the photocatalytic performance of TiO2-based composites containing radioactive substances.
A simple and precise conductometric method for the determination of losartan in pharmaceutical products
Authors: Oliveira Rossini Pamela , Felix Fabiana , Angnes Lúcio 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Losartan is an antihypertensive agent that lost its patent protection in 2010, and, consequently, it has been available in generic form. The latter motivated the search for a rapid and precise alternative method. Here, a simple conductometric titration in aqueous medium is described for the losartan analysis in pharmaceutical formulations. The first step of the titration occurs with the protonation of losartan producing a white precipitate and resulting in a slow increase in conductivity. When the protonation stage is complete, a sharp increase in conductivity occurs which was determined to be due to the presence of excess of acid. The titrimetric method was applied to the determination of losartan in pharmaceutical products and the results are comparable with values obtained using a chromatographic method recommended by the United States Pharmacopoeia. The relative standard deviation for successive measurements of a 125 mg L−1 (2.71×10−4 mol L−1) losartan solution was approximately 2%. Recovery study in tablet samples ranged between 99 and 102.4%. The procedure is fast, simple, and represents an attractive alternative for losartan quantification in routine analysis. In addition, it avoids organic solvents, minimizes the risk of exposure to the operator, and the waste treatment is easier compared to classical chromatographic methods.
Characterisation of the surface structure and bioactivity of glass and glass ceramics using surface topography
Authors: Lutišanová Gabriela , Palou Martin , Mikula Milan , Kozánková Jana 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The present paper reports the results of the relationship between the surface topography, microstructure and the in vitro bioactivity of samples with and without fluorapatite content in simulated body fluid. Glasses and glass ceramics belonging to the Li2O-SiO2-CaO-P2O5-CaF2 system were prepared by using conventional melting technique following by heat treatment to obtain glass ceramics. This current study demonstrates the benefits of combining two microscopic methods for better investigation of the surface structure. The formation of apatite layer on the surface and the increase in surface roughness proved that the glasses and glass ceramics with bioactive fluorapatite content could satisfy to the requirements for biomaterial applications. The results also showed that the roughness of apatite layer formed after immersion in body fluid on the surface of glasses with fluorapatite was more pronounced than that of equivalent glass ceramic samples cured under the same conditions.
Aminohydroxylation of divinylcarbinol and its application to the synthesis of bicyclic hydroxypyrrolidine and aminotetrahydrofuran building blocks
Authors: Caletková Oľga , Ďurišová Diana , Prónayová Naďa , Gracza Tibor 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAminohydroxylation of prochiral divinylcarbinol and subsequent Pd(II)-catalysed oxy-/amidocarbonylation of aminopentenediols is reported. The method was applied to the preparation of useful building blocks for syntheses of cytotoxic jaspines and glycosidase inhibitor DLX-homologues. The key intermediates, tetrahydrofuranolactones (l-arabino-II) and pyrrolidinolactones (l-arabino-IX and l-xylo-IX), were prepared in a short 2-step sequence from divinylcarbinol.
Product liability system in healthcare
Authors: Marn Mitja 
Published: August 2012

Sistem produktne odgovornosti v zdravstvu
Članek obravnava problematiko odgovornosti za škodo, ki nastane kot posledica napake izdelka in povzroči smrt, telesno poškodbo ali okvari bolnikovo zdravje. Hiter razvoj znanosti je tudi v medicini omogočil razvoj novih izdelkov in tehnologij, ki vzbujajo pri bolnikih velika pričakovanja po bolj učinkovitem zdravljenju. Vendar pa nove tehnologije s seboj prinašajo tudi tveganje za nastanek poškodb zaradi morebitnih napak. Standardi kakovosti in varnosti izdelkom slabe kakovosti sicer preprečujejo dostop na trg, vendar pa t. i. varnostne norme ne morejo preprečiti napak in nevarnosti, ki jih zaradi omejenosti znanja ne moremo predvideti. Zato do poškodb in z njimi povezanih stroškov kljub vsemu prihaja. V prispevku natančno opredeljujemo, kdo naj nosi nepredvidljive stroške: bolnišnica, proizvajalec, bolnik ali preko socializacije tveganja družba kot celota. Gre za zapleten sistem ekonomske razporeditve tveganja poškodb, ki skuša uravnovesiti željo po učinkovitosti ob upoštevanju nepredvidljivih nevarnosti izdelka. Opredeljujemo pojme, ki so ključni za razumevanje problematike: proizvajalec, potrošnik, bolnik, izdelek in napaka. Največ pozornosti namenjamo sistemu odgovornosti za škodo, ki ga uvaja Direktiva Sveta Evropske Unije 85/374 o odgovornosti za brezhibnost izdelka. Direktiva uvaja sistem, ki ob sprejemu pravil v nacionalno zakonodajo dopušča pravnopolitične prilagoditve. V prispevku analiziramo sistem razporeditve škode in ga skušamo orisati s ključnimi primeri iz prakse sodišč Evropske unije.
Diffuse brainstem glioma: prognostic factors
Authors: Dellaretti Marcos , Reyns Nicolas , Touzet Gustavo , Dubois François , Gusmão Sebastião , Barbosa Pereira Júlio Leonardo , Blond Serge 
Published: September 2012

Object
Brainstem gliomas were regarded as a single entity prior to the advent of MRI; however, several studies investigating MRI have recognized that these lesions are a heterogeneous group, and certain subgroups have a better prognosis for long-term survival. The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of prognostic factors of patients with brainstem gliomas confirmed by histopathological diagnosis, particularly regarding assessment of whether histological grade, age, and MRI findings are prognostic factors for patient survival.

Methods
The study evaluated 100 patients diagnosed with brainstem glioma. There were 63 adults (40 men and 23 women; age range 18–75 years, mean 41 years) and 37 children (19 boys and 18 girls; age range 2–12 years, mean 6.9 years).

Results
The mean overall survival of this population, measured from the date of biopsy, was 57 months for diffuse low-grade glioma and 13.8 months for diffuse high-grade glioma (p < 0.001). The mean survival among patients with nonenhancing contrast lesions on MRI was 54.2 months, whereas for patients with enhancing lesions, it was 21.7 months (p < 0.001). Comparisons between the Kaplan-Meier survival curves of adults and children revealed similar median survival periods of 25 and 16 months, respectively (p > 0.05). The multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards regression) revealed that only histological grade was a significant prognostic factor (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The study revealed that histological grade and MRI features were significant prognostic factors for survival in these patients, but in multivariate analysis, only histological grade remained a significant factor.
Does the subject have a gender?
Authors: Sang Ong-Van-Cung Kim 
Published: August 2012

Dans cette étude, je propose une reconstruction de la description phénoménologique du corps-sujet, en particulier avec Merleau-Ponty et Simone de Beauvoir. Le point de vue phénoménologique est en effet la seule perspective philosophique qui thématise la question de la différence sexuelle. L’ontologie du corps-sujet parvient-elle à expliquer l’identification à un genre et à rendre compte de la différence sexuelle ? Et si être un sujet sexué, c’est s’identifier à un genre, à des normes de genre, comme le soutient Judith Butler, est-il possible de se passer de l’apport que la psychanalyse fournit sur cette question de l’identification et comment est-il possible d’en faire usage ? Je montre que l’identification à un genre relève du performatif, de la citation d’un fragment imagé d’une « scène » de désir qui tire son évidence de s’oublier (comme citation). En m’aidant du conatus de Spinoza, et en dépit de l’aporie du sujet féminin, j’essaie d’envisager l’identification au genre d’une manière qui ne soit pas mélancolique.
1974. Autour de L'Anti-Œdipe
Authors: David-Ménard Monique 
Published: August 2012

La publication, en 1972, de L’Anti-Œdipe. Capitalisme et schizophrénie, par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari, marque l’éloignement sans explication entre les psychanalystes et les philosophes critiques du « complexe d’Œdipe », considéré comme un mythe forgé par Freud. En lisant trois prises de position sur « l’Œdipe », qui ont suivi cette publication – celles de Jacques Lacan, de Michel Foucault et de Wladimir Granoff –, il s’agit d’évaluer pour aujourd’hui l’intérêt de ce débat manqué il y a quarante ans.
Le sujet a-t-il un genre ?
Authors: Sang Ong-Van-Cung Kim 
Published: August 2012

Dans cette étude, je propose une reconstruction de la description phénoménologique du corps-sujet, en particulier avec Merleau-Ponty et Simone de Beauvoir. Le point de vue phénoménologique est en effet la seule perspective philosophique qui thématise la question de la différence sexuelle. L’ontologie du corps-sujet parvient-elle à expliquer l’identification à un genre et à rendre compte de la différence sexuelle ? Et si être un sujet sexué, c’est s’identifier à un genre, à des normes de genre, comme le soutient Judith Butler, est-il possible de se passer de l’apport que la psychanalyse fournit sur cette question de l’identification et comment est-il possible d’en faire usage ? Je montre que l’identification à un genre relève du performatif, de la citation d’un fragment imagé d’une « scène » de désir qui tire son évidence de s’oublier (comme citation). En m’aidant du conatus de Spinoza, et en dépit de l’aporie du sujet féminin, j’essaie d’envisager l’identification au genre d’une manière qui ne soit pas mélancolique.
Lack of the Lectin-like Domain of Thrombomodulin Worsens Shiga Toxin-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Zoja Carlamaria , Locatelli Monica , Pagani Chiara , Corna Daniela , Zanchi Cristina , Isermann Berend , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Conway Edward M. , Noris Marina 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli is a primary cause of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a disorder of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure. The pathophysiology of renal microvascular thrombosis in Stx-HUS is still ill-defined. Based on evidence that abnormalities in thrombomodulin (TM), an anticoagulant endothelial glycoprotein that modulates complement and inflammation, predispose to atypical HUS, we assessed whether impaired TM function may adversely affect evolution of Stx-HUS. Disease was induced by coinjection of Stx2/LPS in wild-type mice (TMwt/wt) and mice that lack the lectin-like domain of TM (TMLeD/LeD), which is critical for its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. After Stx2/LPS, TMLeD/LeD mice exhibited more severe thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction than TMwt/wt mice. Lack of lectin-like domain of TM resulted in a stronger inflammatory reaction after Stx2/LPS with more neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages infiltrating the kidney, associated with PECAM-1 and chemokine upregulation. After Stx2/LPS, intraglomerular fibrin(ogen) deposits were detected earlier in TMLeD/LeD than in TMwt/wt mice. More abundant fibrin(ogen) deposits were also found in brain and lungs. Under basal conditions, TMLeD/LeD mice exhibited excess glomerular C3 deposits, indicating impaired complement regulation in the kidney that could lead to local accumulation of proinflammatory products. TMLeD/LeD mice with HUS had a higher mortality rate than TMwt/wt mice. If applicable to humans, these findings raise the possibility that genetic or acquired TM defects might have an impact on the severity of microangiopathic lesions after exposure to Stx-producing E. coli infections and raise the potential for using soluble TM in the treatment of Stx-HUS.
IL-10 Triggers Changes in Macrophage Phenotype That Promote Muscle Growth and Regeneration
Authors: Deng Bo , Wehling-Henricks Michelle , Villalta S. Armando , Wang Ying , Tidball James G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe examined the function of IL-10 in regulating changes in macrophage phenotype during muscle growth and regeneration following injury. Our findings showed that the Th1 cytokine response in inflamed muscle is characterized by high levels of expression of CD68, CCL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 at 1 d postinjury. During transition to the Th2 cytokine response, expression of those transcripts declined, whereas CD163, IL-10, IL-10R1, and arginase-1 increased. Ablation of IL-10 amplified the Th1 response at 1 d postinjury, causing increases in IL-6 and CCL2, while preventing a subsequent increase in CD163 and arginase-1. Reductions in muscle fiber damage that normally occurred between 1 and 4 d postinjury did not occur in IL-10 mutants. In addition, muscle regeneration and growth were greatly slowed by loss of IL-10. Furthermore, myogenin expression increased in IL-10 mutant muscle at 1 d postinjury, suggesting that the mutation amplified the transition from the proliferative to the early differentiation stages of myogenesis. In vitro assays showed that stimulation of muscle cells with IL-10 had no effect on cell proliferation or expression of MyoD or myogenin. However, coculturing muscle cells with macrophages activated with IL-10 to the M2 phenotype increased myoblast proliferation without affecting MyoD or myogenin expression, showing that M2 macrophages promote the early, proliferative stage of myogenesis. Collectively, these data show that IL-10 plays a central role in regulating the switch of muscle macrophages from a M1 to M2 phenotype in injured muscle in vivo, and this transition is necessary for normal growth and regeneration of muscle.
Evidence of IgY Subclass Diversification in Snakes: Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Wang Tao , Sun Yi , Shao Wenwei , Cheng Gang , Li Lingxiao , Cao Zubing , Yang Zhi , Zou Huiying , Zhang Wei , Han Binyue , Hu Yang , Ren Liming , Hu Xiaoxiang , Guo Ying , Fei Jing , Hammarström Lennart , Li Ning , Zhao Yaofeng 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Mammalian IgG and IgE are thought to have evolved from IgY of nonmammalian tetrapods; however, no diversification of IgY subclasses has been reported in reptiles or birds, which are phylogenetically close to mammals. To our knowledge, we report the first evidence of the presence of multiple IgY-encoding (υ) genes in snakes. Two υ genes were identified in the snake Elaphe taeniura, and three υ genes were identified in the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus). Although four of the υ genes displayed a conventional four-H chain C region exon structure, one of the υ genes in the Burmese python lacked the H chain C region 2 exon, thus exhibiting a structure similar to that of the mammalian γ genes. We developed mouse mAbs specific for the IgY1 and IgY2 of E. taeniura and showed that both were expressed in serum; each had two isoforms: one full-length and one truncated at the C terminus. The truncation was not caused by alternative splicing or transcriptional termination. We also identified the μ and δ genes, but no α gene, in both snakes. This study provides valuable clues for our understanding of Ig gene evolution in tetrapods.
A importância da transparência na gestão de recursos públicos, em fundações de apoio a pesquisa e extensão
Authors: Gonçalves Taiane Lemõns , Quintana Alexandre Costa 
Published: August 2012

Em virtude do crescimento do Terceiro Setor, o presente trabalho possui como objetivo, evidenciar a importância da transparência nas entidades por ele abrangidas, tendo em vista que estas instituições além de serem financiadas por empresas privadas, também recebem e administram recursos públicos. O Terceiro Setor abrange as entidades sem finalidade lucrativa e que visam o interesse da coletividade. O foco do estudo são as Fundações de Apoio a Instituições de Ensino Superior. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento do trabalho é de natureza aplicada por tratar-se de uma pesquisa de campo e analisar os sites e Relatórios de Gestão das Fundações de Apoio em busca de dados que evidenciem a transparência de suas ações. Com relação aos objetivos é exploratória e descritiva, quanto aos procedimentos é documental e de campo e a abordagem do problema é desempenhada sob o aspecto qualitativo. Visto que as entidades analisadas desempenham serviços de cunho social e que grande parte da população não possui acesso à internet, a divulgação das atividades exercidas e dos resultados alcançados deveria ser realizada em meios de comunicação acessíveis para a sociedade em geral. Os resultados apontaram um número significativo de projetos e recursos públicos administrados pelas Fundações de Apoio, sendo assim, constatou-se que o controle social é fundamental e que as informações expostas nos sites das fundações, deveriam ser demonstradas de forma mais objetiva e clara, possibilitando a análise e entendimento de todos interessados.