bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myofibroblasts in Murine Cutaneous Fibrosis Originate From Adiponectin‐Positive Intradermal Progenitors
Authors: Marangoni Roberta Goncalves , Korman Benjamin D. , Wei Jun , Wood Tammara A. , Graham Lauren V. , Whitfield Michael L. , Scherer Philipp E. , Tourtellotte Warren G. , Varga John 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveAccumulation of myofibroblasts in fibrotic skin is a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), but the origins of these cells remain unknown. Because loss of intradermal adipose tissue is a consistent feature of cutaneous fibrosis, we sought to examine the hypothesis that myofibroblasts populating fibrotic dermis derive from adipocytic progenitors.MethodsWe performed genetic fate mapping studies to investigate the loss of intradermal adipose tissue and its potential role in fibrosis in mice with bleomycin‐induced scleroderma. Modulation of adipocytic phenotypes ex vivo was investigated in adipose tissue–derived cells in culture.ResultsA striking loss of intradermal adipose tissue and its replacement with fibrous tissue were consistently observed in mice with bleomycin‐induced fibrosis. Loss of adipose tissue and a decline in the expression of canonical adipogenic markers in lesional skin preceded the onset of dermal fibrosis and expression of fibrogenic markers. Ex vivo, subcutaneous adipocytes were driven by transforming growth factor β to preferentially undergo fibrogenic differentiation. Cell fate mapping studies in mice with the adiponectin promoter–driven Cre recombinase transgenic construct indicated that adiponectin‐positive progenitors that are normally confined to the intradermal adipose tissue compartment were distributed throughout the lesional dermis over time, lost their adipocytic markers, and expressed myofibroblast markers in bleomycin‐treated mice.ConclusionThese observations establish a novel link between intradermal adipose tissue loss and dermal fibrosis and demonstrate that adiponectin‐positive intradermal progenitors give rise to dermal myofibroblasts. Adipose tissue loss and adipocyte–myofibroblast transition might be primary events in the pathogenesis of cutaneous fibrosis that represent novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
ENSO influence upon global temperature in nature and in CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Privalsky Victor , Yushkov Vladislav 
Published: December 2014

AbstractStatistical properties of observed and CMIP5‐simulated bivariate time series ‘annual global surface temperature (AGST) – sea surface temperature in the Niño area 3.4 (SST3.4)’ are analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Both observed and most simulated data show that AGST is explicitly affected by SST3.4 but not vice versa. Though the AGST spectral density is low at intermediate frequencies, most CMIP5 models reproduce its behavior and show the high coherence observed in nature inside that frequency band. However, CMIP5 models show a dependence between AGST and SST3.4 at frequencies below 0.1 year−1, which is not found in nature.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Feuchtigkeit auf die Haftfestigkeit von Oberflächenbeschichtungen auf Holz
Authors: Volkmer Thomas , Glaunsinger Martin , Mannes David , Niemz Peter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEs wurden vier verschiedene kommerziell verfügbare Beschichtungssysteme auf Fichtenholz appliziert und anschließend nach drei unterschiedlichen Prozeduren konditioniert: Lagerung im Normalklima bei 20 °C/65 % relativer Luftfeuchte, Behandlung mit flüssigem Wasser im Bereich des Übergangs zwischen Beschichtung und Holz und Konditionierung im Dampfdruckgefälle bis zur Einstellung eines konstanten Dampfstroms. Es konnte ein deutliche Abhängigkeit der Haftfestigkeit von der Konditionierungsart festgestellt werden. Allgemein ist bei einer Auffeuchtung mit einer Reduzierung der Haftung zu rechnen. Diese feuchteabhängige Abnahme ist auf die verringerte Materialfestigkeit der Beschichtung selbst als auch auf die reduzierte Adhäsion zurückzuführen. Weiter können lokale Quellungsunterschiede bei Fichte zwischen Früh‐ und Spätholz zur Einleitung von zusätzlichen Kräften in das System führen und somit eine Scherbelastung zwischen Beschichtung und Holz verursachen. Die Zusammensetzung der Systeme sowie Schichtdicke und Schichtenanzahl haben einen Einfluss auf die Haftfestigkeit, wobei Systeme mit Schichtdicken im Bereich von 130 µm relativ niedrige Haftfestigkeitswerte zeigen. Aufgrund von Praxistests muss dieser Sachverhalt aber nicht mit der Dauerhaftigkeit eines Systems korrelieren.Investigations on the influence of moisture on the adhesion strength of surface coating of wood. Four different commercially available coating systems have been applied on spruce boards. After application the prepared samples have been conditioned in 3 different environments: standard climate corresponding to 20 °C/ 65 % relative humidity, application of fluid water at the transition zone between wood and coating and in a constant water vapour flow caused by a vapour gradient in the system. Regarding the conditioning procedure a clear dependency with the adhesion strength could be analysed. General increasing humidity causes a reduction of adhesion. The humidity based reduction is related to the loss of material strength of the coating and the reduced adhesion between wood and coating. Further local swelling differences between late and early wood in spruce can induce new forces in the system which creates a shear load in the transition zone wood and coating. The composition of the systems as well as thickness and the number of layers influence the adhesion strength too. Systems with thicknesses of about 130 µm seem to be less strength than thinner ones. But based on practical tests the adhesion strength does not always correspond to the performance and durability of the system.
Vermeidung von Schadstofffreisetzungen im Zuge und nach der technischen Trocknung von Wasserschäden sowie deren technische und wirtschaftliche Optimierung
Authors: Hengsberger Herwig , Kautsch Peter , Schreiber Helmut 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIm Hinblick auf das steigende Allergiepotential und Umweltbewusstsein der Bevölkerung sowie nicht zuletzt auf die Häufung von (Leitungs‐)Wasserschäden in den letzten Jahren erscheint es dringend geboten, den Standard bei der technischen Trocknung von Fussbodenkonstruktionen zu erhöhen. Da Schimmelpilzwachstum unter optimalen Bedingungen bereits innerhalb eines Tages auftreten kann, kommt dem wirkungsvollen Verschluss der Estrichrandfugen bereits vor Beginn der Trocknungsmaßnahmen und der Beherrschung des Trocknungsluftstroms besondere Bedeutung zu. In Labor‐ und Vor‐Ort‐Versuchen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Fugenabdichtung mittels in kunststoffvergüteter Dichtschlämme eingebetteter Silikonschläuche im Gegensatz zu Folien oder “dauerelastischen“ Fugenmassen einen wartungsfreien und schallweichen Abschluss der Randfugen ermöglicht, der Schadstofffreisetzungen aus Fußbodenkonstruktionen sowohl während der Trocknung als auch danach zuverlässig verhindert. Gleichzeitig ermöglicht der Verschluss der Estrichrandfugen die Installation eines neuartigen Verfahrens zur gezielten Trocknung auch abgelegener Bereiche und zur Vermeidung von Straßenbildungen des Trocknungsluftstromes in unterschiedlichsten Fußbodenaufbauten.Avoiding pollutant release during and after technical drying of water damage and its technical and economic optimization. In view of the growing allergy potential and ecological awareness of the population and, not least, the increasing frequency of water (pipe) damage in recent years, it seems imperative to increase the standard of technical drying of floor constructions. Because mould growth can occur within a single day in optimal conditions, it is particularly important to effectively seal screed edge joints before beginning any drying measures and to control the drying air current. Laboratory and in situ experiments have shown that, unlike foils and joint sealers, sealing joints with silicone tubes embedded in plastic‐modified sealing slurries, enables zero‐maintenance, low‐impedance sealing of edge joints that reliably prevents release of pollutants from floor constructions both during and after drying. At the same time, sealing screed edge joints enables installation of an innovative method of selective drying of isolated areas and avoidance of the drying air current forming channels in a wide range of floor structures.
Suppression of IL‐2 Production and Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells by Tuberostemonine O
Authors: Jung Jang Eun , Kil Yun‐Seo , Ryeon Park Hye , Oh Sera , Kyeong Kim Hyo , Gyeong Jeong Mi , Kyoung Seo Eun , Sook Hwang Eun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTuberostemonine stereoisomers are natural alkaloids found in Stemona tuberosa, that are known to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐infective properties. Tuberostemonine alkaloids inhibit inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase. However, the direct immunomodulatory properties of tuberostemonine alkaloids in T cells have not been elucidated so far. In this study, the activities in T cells of tuberostemonine N (TbN) and a novel alkaloid, tuberostemonine O (TbO), isolated from S. tuberosa, were investigated. Although TbN did not have a significant effect on cytokine production in splenic T cells, TbO selectively suppressed interleukin (IL)‐2 production. Moreover, TbO, but not TbN, significantly inhibited IL‐2 production by primary CD4+ T cells and delayed the T‐cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Addition of excess recombinant IL‐2 restored the decreased cell‐division rates in TbO‐treated CD4+ T cells to control levels. Collectively, these findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of TbO occurred by the suppression of IL‐2 expression and IL‐2‐induced T‐cell proliferation, suggesting a potential beneficial role of tuberostemonine alkaloids for the control of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases caused by hyperactivated T cells.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Ruta chalepensis L. Growing Wild in Lebanon
Authors: Khoury Madona , Stien Didier , Ouaini Naïm , Eparvier Véronique , Arnold Apostolides Nelly , El Beyrouthy Marc 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe essential oils (EOs) isolated from the fresh aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L. collected in North Lebanon were obtained by solvent‐free microwave extraction (Milestone®), yielding 0.12% EO from both the leaves and a mixture of stems and leaves. The EOs were characterized by GC/MS analysis, and 27 components were identified, which were primarily ketones (88.0–93.2%). The main components were nonan‐2‐one and undecan‐2‐one. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs against a Gram‐positive and a Gram‐negative bacterium, a yeast, and a dermatophyte was evaluated using the broth‐microdilution technique and expressed as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The EOs revealed moderate in vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans.
Topographic wiring of the retinotectal connection in zebrafish
Authors: Kita Elizabeth M. , Scott Ethan K. , Goodhill Geoffrey J. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe zebrafish retinotectal projection provides an attractive model system for studying many aspects of topographic map formation and maintenance. Visual connections initially start to form between 3 and 5 days postfertilization, and remain plastic throughout the life of the fish. Zebrafish are easily manipulated surgically, genetically, and chemically, and a variety of molecular tools exist to enable visualization and control of various aspects of map development. Here, we review zebrafish retinotectal map formation, focusing particularly on the detailed structure and dynamics of the connections, the molecules that are important in map creation, and how activity regulates the maintenance of the map. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 542–556, 2015
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil produced by microwave drying and expeller pressing exhibits low acidity and high oxidative stability
Authors: Santana Isabelle , dos Reis Luciana M.F. , Torres Alexandre G. , Cabral Lourdes M.C. , Freitas Suely P. 
Published: December 2014

The influence of drying and extraction on the quality of Hass avocado oil was investigated in this study. Pulp from ripe avocados was ground and dried under microwaves or oven drying with forced air circulation. Pre‐treatment with pectinolytic enzymes in the oven‐drying stage was also assessed. Avocado oil was extracted using expeller pressing or solvent extraction, with petroleum ether or ethanol. Oil from pressed and microwave‐dried avocado pulp presented the lowest acid (0.2 ± 0.02% oleic acid) and peroxide values (4.79 ± 0.004 mEq O2/kg) and the highest oxidative stability (20.8 ± 1.63 h) in contrast with the oil from ethanol extraction (0.42 ± 0.02% oleic acid, 12.2 ± 0.20 mEq O2/kg, and 3.22 ± 0.14 h, respectively). Fatty acid composition did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the processes. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that pressed oils were typically moisture free and presented mass losses characteristic of fatty acid and triacylglycerol degradation. Pressing avocado pulp dried under microwaves stands out as a promising alternative for avocado oil processing, as it produces oil with low acidity and high oxidative stability that is appropriate for consumption as an edible oil.Practical applications: Combining microwave drying and pressing of avocado pulp led to a superior quality avocado oil, in terms of acid value, peroxide value, and oxidative stability. This procedure is a promising technology to obtain solvent‐free avocado oil with potential uses in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and gourmet food products.Hass avocado oil extracted by a combination of microwave drying and pressing presented the best quality.
Association between the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase polymorphism Val158Met and Alzheimer's disease in a Japanese population
Authors: Shibata Nobuto , Nagata Tomoyuki , Tagai Kenji , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Ohnuma Tohru , Kawai Eri , Kasanuki Koji , Shimazaki Hiromi , Toda Aiko , Tagata Yuko , Nakada Tomoko , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Yamada Hisashi , Arai Heii 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveCatechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) plays an important role in dopamine degradation, which is associated with the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and alcoholism. A functional COMT polymorphism, Val158Met (rs4680 G > A), affects the onset of AD and is associated with alcohol dependence through dopamine receptor sensitivity in the prefrontal cortex.MethodsThe aim of this case–control study (398 cases and 149 controls) was to investigate whether Val158Met polymorphism influences the onset of AD stratified according to alcohol consumption and apolipoprotein E (APOE) status. We also used single photon‐emission computed tomography (SPECT) to analyse 26 patients with AD with the polymorphism.ResultsAs a function of APOE status, the genotypic frequencies of rs4680 in patients with AD did not differ from those in controls. We detected a significant association between high alcohol consumption in patients with AD (HAC‐AD group) and the polymorphism in genotypic and allelic frequencies. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the presence of the APOE genotype with rs4680 increased the risk for HAC‐AD synergistically. Hyperperfusion in the right sub‐lobar insula of patients with the G/G genotype was found compared with that of patients with the G/A genotype. SPECT studies showed a relationship between the polymorphism and compensatory reactions for dysfunctions of dopaminergic neurotransmission in AD pathophysiology.ConclusionAlthough genetic association between the polymorphism and the onset of AD in a Japanese population were not observed, the polymorphism affected the risk for HAC‐AD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemistry of Hermidin: Insights from Extraction Experiments with the Main Alkaloid of Mercurialis perennis L. Tracked by GC/MS and LC/MSn
Authors: Lorenz Peter , Conrad Jürgen , Duckstein Sarina , Kammerer Dietmar R. , Stintzing Florian C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHermidin (1), a piperidine‐2,3‐dione alkaloid, has been previously detected as a lipophilic constituent in Mercurialis perennis L. and other Mercurialis species. Because of strong electron‐withdrawing effects of its carbonyl groups, an acidic H‐atom is easily subtracted from 1, whereas the latter shows high reactivity towards oxidation reactions or the attack of C‐nucleophilic agents. To obtain a better understanding of possible chemical pathways upon extraction of root parts of M. perennis, the products obtained with different solvents from 1 were investigated. Extraction of M. perennis with aqueous MeOH or EtOH yielded a mixture of hermidin quinone (3), 5‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy‐5‐(alkoxycarbonyl)‐1‐methyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐ones, 7 and 8, and d,l‐ and meso‐isochrysohermidins, 5 and 6, all of them being investigated by GC/MS and LC/MSn. The latter compounds were supposedly formed by free‐radical reactions, followed by spontaneous benzilic acid rearrangement and esterification. Furthermore, extraction of M. perennis with aqueous Me2CO produced an aldol condensation product, the known alkaloid speranskatine A (9a), which was identified by NMR after chromatographic purification. In a similar manner, a CH2 homolog of speranskatine A (10a) was obtained as a novel compound when ethyl methyl ketone (=butan‐2‐one; EtCOMe) instead of Me2CO was used for extraction. Consequently, 1 easily undergoes artefact formation upon extraction of plant material with polar or slightly polar solvents.
Novel Template Sorbents for Separation of Americium(III) from Nitric Acid Solutions: Search of Optimal Ion‐Imitator of AmIII
Authors: Morgalyuk Vasilii P. , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Strelkova Tat'yana V. , Nifant'ev Eduard E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of new template sorbents that enable selective and effective sorption of AmIII from 0.5 to 4M HNO3 solutions containing high concentrations of FeIII and ZrIV was synthesized from (ethenyl)(diphenyl)phosphine oxide. LaIII, CeIII, and PrIII were used as template elements imitating the properties of AmIII. The highest efficiency of separation of AmIII from high amounts of FeIII and ZrIV was displayed by the CeIII‐based sorbent.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Primary Alcohols
Authors: Zhu Yanfang , Cai Chun , Lu Guoping 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSeveral N‐heterocyclic carbene precursors are synthesized and used in the α‐alkylations of ketones with primary alcohols. With the assistance of a base, these N‐heterocyclic carbenes can catalyze the reaction smoothly to furnish dialkylated ketones in good‐to‐excellent yields.
Multi‐decadal water table manipulation alters peatland hydraulic structure and moisture retention
Authors: Moore P.A. , Morris P.J. , Waddington J.M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA peatland complex disturbed by berm construction in the 1950s was used to examine the long‐term impact of water table (WT) manipulation on peatland hydraulic properties and moisture retention at three adjacent sites with increasing depth to WT (WET, INTermediate reference and DRY). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was found to decrease with depth by several orders of magnitude over a depth of 1–1.5 m at all sites. The depth dependence of WT response to rainfall was similar across sites: WT response increased from 1 : 1 at the surface, to 5 : 1 at 50 cm depth. While surface specific yield (Sy) values were similar across all sites, it decreased with depth at a rate of 0.014 cm−1 in hollows and 0.007 cm−1 in hummocks. Bulk density (ρb) exhibited similar depth‐dependent trends as Sy and explains a high amount of variance (r2 > 0.69) in moisture retention across a range of pore water pressures (−15 to −500 cm H2O). Because of higher ρb, hollow peat had greater moisture retention, where site effects were minimal. However, the estimated residual water content for surface Sphagnum samples, while on average lower in hummocks (0.082 m3 m−3) versus hollows (0.087 m3 m−3), increased from WET (0.058 m3 m−3) to INT (0.088 m3 m−3) to DRY (0.108 m3 m−3) which has important implications for moisture stress under conditions of persistent WT drawdown. Given the potential importance of microtopographic succession for altering peatland hydraulic structure, our findings point to the need for a better understanding of what controls the relative height and proportional coverage of hummocks in relation to long‐term disturbance‐response dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On 2‐Colorings of Hypergraphs
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Yeo Anders 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this article, we continue the study of 2‐colorings in hypergraphs. A hypergraph is 2‐colorable if there is a 2‐coloring of the vertices with no monochromatic hyperedge. Let denote the class of all k‐uniform k‐regular hypergraphs. It is known (see Alon and Bregman [Graphs Combin. 4 (1988) 303–306] and Thomassen [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 5 (1992), 217–229] that every hypergraph is 2‐colorable, provided . As remarked by Alon and Bregman the result is not true when , as may be seen by considering the Fano plane. Indeed there are several constructions for building infinite families of hypergraphs in that are not 2‐colorable. Our main result in this paper is a strengthening of the above results. For this purpose, we define a set X of vertices in a hypergraph H to be a free set in H if we can 2‐color such that every edge in H receives at least one vertex of each color. We conjecture that for , every hypergraph has a free set of size in H. We show that the bound cannot be improved for any and we prove our conjecture when . Our proofs use results from areas such as transversal in hypergraphs, cycles in digraphs, and probabilistic arguments.
Reliability of the Timed Up and Go test and Ten‐Metre Timed Walk Test in Pregnant Women with Pelvic Girdle Pain
Authors: Evensen Natalie M. , Kvåle Alice , Brækken Ingeborg H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and purposeThere is a lack of functional objective tests available to measure functional status in women with pelvic girdle pain (PGP). The purpose of this study was to establish test‐retest and intertester reliability of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Ten‐metre Timed Walk Test (10mTWT) in pregnant women with PGP.MethodsA convenience sample of women was recruited over a 4‐month period and tested on two occasions, 1 week apart to determine test‐retest reliability. Intertester reliability was established between two assessors at the first testing session. Subjects were instructed to undertake the TUG and 10mTWT at maximum speed. One practise trial and two timed trials for each walking test was undertaken on Day 1 and one practise trial and one timed trial on Day 2.ResultsSeventeen women with PGP aged 31.1 years (SD [standard deviation] = 2.3) and 28.7 weeks pregnant (SD = 7.4) completed gait testing. Test‐retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was excellent for the TUG (0.88) and good for the 10mTWT (0.74). Intertester reliability was determined in the first 13 participants with excellent ICC values being found for both walking tests (TUG: 0.95; 10mTWT: 0.94).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the TUG and 10mTWT undertaken at fast pace are reliable, objective functional tests in pregnant women with PGP. While both tests are suitable for use in the clinical and research settings, we would recommend the TUG given the findings of higher test‐retest reliability and as this test requires less space and time to set up and score. Future studies in a larger sample size are warranted to confirm the results of this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.