bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to quality healthcare among transgender and gender nonconforming adults
Authors: Berrian Kedryn , Exsted Marci D. , Lampe Nik M. , Pease Sayer L. , Akré Ellesse‐Roselee L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the barriers transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults face when accessing or receiving healthcare in the United States.Data Sources and Study SettingPrimary data were collected between September 2022 and March 2023 from a purposive sample of TGNC adults (N = 116 participants) using an online survey with a series of open‐ended and closed‐ended questions.Study DesignThematic analysis was employed to extract and analyze participants' responses to an open‐ended question about challenges they experienced when accessing or receiving healthcare. Two members of the research team conducted qualitative data analyses using Dedoose. The quality of each analysis was subsequently reviewed by a third research team member.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData were collected from responses to one open‐ended question that asked about participants' healthcare barriers as a TGNC individual.Principal FindingsFive main themes surrounding healthcare barriers emerged from the content analysis: (1) acceptability, (2) accommodation, (3) affordability, (4) availability, and (5) accessibility. First, participants who noted acceptability issues reported explicit discriminatory treatment from providers, providers not using their chosen names and pronouns (e.g., misgendering), and provider refusal to provide gender‐affirming care. Second, participants who experienced accommodation challenges identified provider medical training gaps on TGNC patient needs and administrative barriers to care. Third, participants explained affordability issues due to a lack of adequate health insurance coverage. Fourth, participants described availability challenges with accessing hormone therapy prescriptions. Finally, participants noted accessibility issues with obtaining TGNC‐specific care at LGBTQ+‐affirming clinics.ConclusionsThere is a growing interest in the needs of TGNC adults within healthcare settings. This requires that health policies are enacted to ensure that TGNC adults have access to healthcare that is accommodating and accepting/affirming. Study findings may provide insight into the potential impact of current legislation on transgender access and availability.
Police reform in public housing contexts: Body‐worn cameras, surveillance, and harm reduction in New York City Housing Authority developments
Authors: Braga Anthony A. , MacDonald John M. , McCabe James E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch summaryThe concern of crime in New York City public housing complexes motivated heightened police patrol of buildings and the enforcement of trespass laws. The 2013 federal court settlement of Davis et al. v. City of New York et al. mandated that the New York City Police Department (NYPD) implement a series of reforms, including the deployment of body‐worn cameras (BWCs) on officers, to address unconstitutional use of criminal trespass enforcement and stop and frisk practices in public housing developments. This study employed a stepped wedge quasi‐experimental design that involved the sequential crossover of public housing service area clusters from control to BWC implementation until all NYPD housing bureau officers were equipped with BWCs. Panel regression models at the individual officer and service area levels were used to estimate BWC program impacts on outcomes between 2015 and 2019. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the impact of the BWCs on the lawfulness of officer stop reports that were randomly selected for audit between 2017 and 2019. Results show that BWC deployment in public housing reduced excessive enforcement, citizen complaints, and use of force by NYPD housing officers. Findings further suggest that BWCs can help reduce constitutionally problematic stops and frisks of citizens.Policy implicationsProblematic police activities in public housing contexts can be reformed using BWCs. When coupled with routine supervisory review of video footage, the deployment of BWCs on public housing officers can improve compliance with department directives to reduce enforcement actions and increase documentation of citizen stops.
Phaeocystis globosa and diatom blooms promote distinct bacterial communities and associations in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Skouroliakou Dimitra‐Ioli , Breton Elsa , Christaki Urania 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhytoplankton and bacteria form the foundation of marine food webs. While most studies on phytoplankton bloom influence on bacteria dynamics focus on diatom‐dominated blooms due to their global ecological significance, it is unclear if similar patterns extend to other species that compete with diatoms like Phaeocystis spp. This study aimed to contribute to the understanding of associations between phytoplankton and bacteria in a temperate ecosystem. For this, we studied the dynamics of phytoplankton and bacteria, combining 16S metabarcoding, microscopy, and flow cytometry over 4 years (282 samples). Phytoplankton and bacterial communities were studied throughout the year, particularly during contrasting phytoplankton blooms dominated by the Haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa or diatoms. We applied extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) to construct networks during blooming and non‐blooming periods. Overall, the importance of seasonal and species‐specific interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria is highlighted. In winter, mixed diatom communities were interconnected with bacteria, indicating a synergistic degradation of diverse phytoplankton‐derived substrates. In spring, despite the intensity variations of P. globosa blooms, the composition of bacterial communities remained consistent over several years, suggesting establishing a stable‐state environment for bacterial communities. Specific associations between monospecific diatom blooms and bacteria were evidenced in summer.
Linguistic style as a digital marker for depression severity: An ambulatory assessment pilot study in patients with depressive disorder undergoing sleep deprivation therapy
Authors: Hartnagel Lisa‐Marie , Ebner‐Priemer Ulrich W. , Foo Jerome C. , Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie H. , Frank Josef , Limberger Matthias F. , Horn Andrea B. , Gilles Maria , Rietschel Marcella , Sirignano Lea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDigital phenotyping and monitoring tools are the most promising approaches to automatically detect upcoming depressive episodes. Especially, linguistic style has been seen as a potential behavioral marker of depression, as cross‐sectional studies showed, for example, less frequent use of positive emotion words, intensified use of negative emotion words, and more self‐references in patients with depression compared to healthy controls. However, longitudinal studies are sparse and therefore it remains unclear whether within‐person fluctuations in depression severity are associated with individuals' linguistic style.MethodsTo capture affective states and concomitant speech samples longitudinally, we used an ambulatory assessment approach sampling multiple times a day via smartphones in patients diagnosed with depressive disorder undergoing sleep deprivation therapy. This intervention promises a rapid change of affective symptoms within a short period of time, assuring sufficient variability in depressive symptoms. We extracted word categories from the transcribed speech samples using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count.ResultsOur analyses revealed that more pleasant affective momentary states (lower reported depression severity, lower negative affective state, higher positive affective state, (positive) valence, energetic arousal and calmness) are mirrored in the use of less negative emotion words and more positive emotion words.ConclusionWe conclude that a patient's linguistic style, especially the use of positive and negative emotion words, is associated with self‐reported affective states and thus is a promising feature for speech‐based automated monitoring and prediction of upcoming episodes, ultimately leading to better patient care.
Quantitative easing and correlation dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Recession: A dynamic conditional correlation with exogenous variables approach
Authors: de la Horra Luis Pablo , Gabriel Amadeus , Giménez Roche Gabriel A. , Perote Javier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdentifying the effects of quantitative easing (QE) on asset return correlations is critical to assessing such policies’ impact across financial markets. In this paper, we use a dynamic conditional correlation model that allows us to measure the impact of unconventional monetary policy on time‐varying correlations. Our results suggest that QE significantly affected correlations between stocks and bonds after the Great Recession via short‐term portfolio balance effects. The findings are critical for policy‐makers and practitioners alike. Central banks should consider the impact of monetary policy on asset correlations in their cost–benefit analyses. Likewise, portfolio managers are encouraged to factor in the effects of monetary policy on correlations to optimize portfolios and reduce potential losses strategically.
What explains the recent increase of gender wage gap in China?
Authors: Liao Lusi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the changes of gender wage gap in urban and rural areas and examines the effect of wage structure and unobserved characteristics on the gap by using the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) survey in 2013 and 2018. We document a significant increase of the gender wage gap in both areas as well as among rural‐to‐urban migrants. By applying Katz and Murphy's supply‐demand framework, we find that the demand has shifted toward younger, more educated workers, and the demand for male workers is higher than that for female workers during the time. The Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition of gender wage gap suggests that factors, such as occupation, parenthood status, and industry, have contributed to the expansion of wage gap. Furthermore, the Juhn–Murphy–Pierce decomposition of the change in gender wage gap implies that the expansion is owing to rising discrimination against females and gender‐specific factors such as observed and unobserved characteristics that have performed unfavorably for females.
Organ Offer Review Cards: Improving Transparency on the Kidney Transplant Waitlist
Authors: Rasheed Husain A. , Pensler Meridith , Diaz Sarah , Roney Emily , Barrett Meredith , Sonnenberg Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe 2022 National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on equity in organ transplantation highlighted limited transparency and accountability for organ offer declines and recommended prioritizing patient engagement in decisions regarding organ offers. Yet, there is no guidance on how to incorporate patients in organ offers. We elected to study the experiences of patients on the waitlist and their perception of a novel Organ Offer Review Card (OORC).MethodsA prototype OORC was created using Donornet refusal codes. Sixty randomly selected kidney waitlist patients at a single center were asked to participate in a web‐based survey focusing on current medical decision‐making preferences and perceptions of the prototype OORC.ResultsAmong the 43 patients reached, 17 (39.5%) completed the survey. Most participants (88.2%) expressed it was important to be involved in the decision‐making about organ offers, with 100.0% of respondents wanting to know why an organ was declined. Regarding the prototype OORC, 94.1% thought it helped them understand the factors and priorities considered when selecting an organ, and 88.2% said it increased their belief that their team was acting in their best interest.ConclusionAn OORC could increase transparency and communication during the waitlist process while enhancing trust in the transplant team.
Does HPV‐18 co‐infection increase the risk of cervical pathology in individuals with HPV‐16?
Authors: Gökkaya Mustafa , Alcı Aysun , Aytekin Okan , Unsal Mehmet , Cakır Caner , Oktar Okan , Yalcin Necim , Kahraman Alper , Tokalioglu Alp , Ersak Burak , Yıldırım Hande Esra Koca , Koc Sevgi , Toptas Tayfun , Kilic Fatih , Celik Fatih , Boran Nurettin , Ustun Yaprak , Tekin Ozlem Moraloglu , Comert Gunsu Kimyon , Korkmaz Vakkas , Turan Taner , Ureyen Isin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate differences between HPV‐16 mono‐ and HPV‐16/18 co‐infections in terms of cervical dysplasia and invasive cancer.MethodsThis multicentre, retrospective study spanned from December 2017 to December 2020, involving women who visited gynaecological oncology clinics for colposcopy with either HPV‐16 or HPV‐16/18 positivity. A total of 736 patients, 670 in Group 1 (HPV‐16 positivity) and 66 in Group 2 (HPV‐16/18 positivity), were compared for the presence of CIN2+ lesions detected by colposcopic biopsy or endocervical curettage (ECC). Exclusions included hysterectomized patients, those with prior gynaecological cancers, and patients with HPV positivity other than types 16 and 18.ResultsAmong the included patients, 42.4% had a diagnosis of CIN2+ lesions. The cytology results demonstrated abnormal findings in 45.3% in Group 1 and 42.2% in Group 2, with no significant difference between the groups. ECC revealed CIN2+ lesion in 49 (8.7%) patients in group 1, while only 1 (1.7%) patient had CIN2+ lesion in group 2. There was no difference between 2 groups in terms of ECC result (p = 0.052). In group 1, 289 (43.1%) patients had CIN2+ lesion, while 23 (34.8%) patients had CIN2+ lesions in group 2. There was no difference between group 1 and 2 in terms of diagnosis of CIN2+ lesions (p = 0.19).ConclusionThis multicentre retrospective study found no significant differences between HPV‐16 mono‐ and HPV‐16/18 co‐infections regarding cervical pathologies. Larger studies are needed to validate and further explore these findings.
On the Economics of Cross‐border Reparations Payments: The Case for a Bank of International Reparations
Authors: Sissoko Carolyn 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis article considers the challenge of ensuring that international reparations payments are effective in benefiting the recipient countries of such reparations. To guarantee that these financial flows provide long‐term benefits to the recipient economies, the article recommends the adoption of a developmental state approach to the use of the funds. It also considers in detail the advantages of establishing a Bank of International Reparations that serves as a trustee for the receipt and distribution of reparations, facilitates coordination of the use of reparations across countries to avoid disadvantageous forms of competition, provides investment banking services to support the use of the reparations to fund a domestically focused ‘sovereign wealth fund’, and provides ‘public option’ commercial banking services to recipient country firms in order to foster the growth of recipient country economies. Finally, the article finds that the most effective means of funding the reparations would be to use Special Drawing Rights (or SDRs).
Inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes pathway by stress granules after ALKBH5 demethylase activation during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Qin Renwu , Tang Zhen , Wang Changqing , Xu Heng , Li Wei , Leng Yan , Wang Yao , Xia Zhongyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimPost‐transcriptional modifications and their specific mechanisms are the focus of research on the regulation of myocardial damage. Stress granules (SGs) can inhibit the inflammatory response by inhibiting the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. This study investigated whether alkylation repair homologue protein 5 (ALKBH5) could affect myocardial inflammation and apoptosis during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) through the cGAS‐STING pathway via SGs.MethodsA diabetes ischaemia‐reperfusion rat model and a high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model were established. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus (LV) were used to overexpress ALKBH5, while the SG agonist arsenite (Ars) and the SG inhibitor anisomycin were used as interventions. Then, the levels of apoptosis and related indicators in the cell and rat models were measured.ResultsIn the in vivo experiment, compared with the normal sham group, the degree of myocardial tissue damage, creatine kinase‐MB and cardiac troponin I in serum, and myocardial apoptosis, the infarcted area of myocardium, and the level of B‐cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein, cGAS‐STING pathway and inflammatory factors in the diabetes ischaemia‐reperfusion group were significantly increased. However, the expression of SGs and the levels of ALKBH5, rat sarcoma‐GTPase‐activating protein‐binding protein 1, T‐cell intracellular antigen‐1 and Bcl2 were significantly decreased. After AAV‐ALKBH5 intervention, the degree of myocardial tissue damage, degree of myocardial apoptosis, and extent of myocardial infarction in myocardial tissue were significantly decreased. In the in vitro experiment, compared with those in the normal control group, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, inflammation and apoptosis were significantly greater, and cell viability and the levels of ALKBH5 and SGs were decreased in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation groups. In the high glucose hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model, the degree of cell damage, inflammation, and apoptosis was greater than those in the high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation models, and the levels of ALKBH5 and SGs were further decreased. LV‐ALKBH5 and Ars alleviated the degree of cell damage and inhibited inflammation and cell apoptosis. The inhibition of SGs could partly reverse the protective effect of LV‐ALKBH5. The cGAS agonist G140 antagonized the inhibitory effects of the SG agonist Ars on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation and the cGAS‐STING pathway.ConclusionBoth ALKBH5 and SGs inhibited myocardial inflammation and apoptosis during diabetic myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 might inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by promoting the expression of SGs through the cGAS‐STING pathway.
Cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes: What the non‐specialist needs to know about current guidelines
Authors: Weir Matthew R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the US, approximately 11% of the population have diagnosed diabetes and nearly 40% have prediabetes. In addition, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 14% of the US population including up to 40% of those with diabetes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide where it affects approximately half of adults. The presence of CKD or diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular events. When both CKD and diabetes occur in the same patient the risks are further increased. The clinical problems of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are all closely related with obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, CKD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis. The increasing frequency of obesity has driven increases in all of these medical comorbidities. These conditions frequently cluster together in the same patient exacerbating the risk of morbidity and mortality. They are also associated with cognitive dysfunction/dementia, pulmonary diseases, cancers, gastrointestinal diseases, immune system abnormalities, and inflammatory disorders. Only 6.8% of adults in US meet all targets for cardiovascular risk management with significant disparities based on race and ethnicity. Given the complexity of these multisystem problems in people with diabetes and obesity, it would seem reasonable to attempt to diagnose and treat many of the comorbidities earlier in the course of disease rather than wait for substantial end organ dysfunction to occur. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently published a consensus statement recommending early screening for the diagnosis of heart failure, CKD and diabetes, recognizing both the frequency and gravity of this combination. Likewise, there are recommendations in the guidelines to facilitate screening for microalbuminuria, blood pressure, glycemic control and lipids earlier in patients at risk rather than wait and treat as a secondary prevention program. Thus, the general principle is to facilitate earlier recognition and diagnosis and provide treatment before downstream target organ complications occur. This review will focus on CVD and risk management based on newest recommendations and standards of care in people with diabetes by the ADA. The main considerations in the treatment of people with diabetes are glycemic control, blood pressure, lipids, and the use of medications with proven cardiorenal disease progression capability to prevent or delay.
Use of allopurinol to manage skewed 6‐mercaptopurine metabolism in pediatric maintenance acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment
Authors: Lines Mandee , Kemper Ryan M. , Wallace Jordan , Alexander Thomas , Echols Carmen , Garner Lauren M. , Kaplan Jenna Bognaski , Thompson Patrick , Crona Daniel J. , Phillips Kynlon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground6‐mercaptopurine is a cornerstone of maintenance therapy for pediatric ALL. Response to 6MP is typically determined by the ANC. Therapeutic ANC range while receiving 6MP is between 500 and 1500/μL. In addition to desired myelosuppression, 6MP is associated with multiple adverse drug effects. Increased doses of 6MP can lead to therapeutic ANC values; however, patients may experience adverse effects before obtaining therapeutic myelosuppression, often deemed “skewed metabolism.” Allopurinol may potentially correct skewed 6MP metabolism.ProcedurePediatric patients with ALL with 6MMP and 6TGN metabolites drawn during maintenance therapy were analyzed for allopurinol use. The primary outcome evaluated the percentage of time spent in therapeutic ANC range before and after allopurinol initiation. In addition, the difference in 6MMP:6TGN ratios before and after allopurinol initiation, incidence of hepatotoxicity, and rates of relapse, were analyzed.ResultsNinety‐five patients were included for analysis. Thirty‐two (34%) patients received allopurinol. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the patients who received allopurinol and those who did not. When comparing ANC values pre‐ and post‐allopurinol initiation, a statistically significant increase in the percentage of time spent in therapeutic range was observed (27% vs. 43%; p = .03). In addition, when comparing metabolite ratios pre‐ and post‐allopurinol initiation, a statistically significant decrease in 6MMP:6TGN metabolite ratio values was observed (86.7 vs. 3.6; p < .0001).ConclusionsAllopurinol significantly increased the percent time in therapeutic ANC range and can be safely utilized to significantly lower the ratio of 6MMP:6TGN metabolites, alleviating the undesirable side effects of 6MMP, and optimizing the anti‐leukemic effects associated with 6TGN.