bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Enantioselective Construction of Spirocyclopentaneoxindoles Containing Four Consecutive Stereocenters through an Organocatalytic Iminium–Enamine Cascade Reaction
Authors: Ding Liang‐Zhong , Zhong Tong‐Sheng , Wu Hao , Wang Yong‐Mei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSpirocyclopentaneoxindole derivatives containing four consecutive stereocenters, including a spiro quaternary center, were constructed by an organocatalytic iminium–enamine cascade sequence in good yields (up to 86 %) with excellent enantiomeric (up to >99 % ee) and diastereomeric purities (up to >99:1 dr). This highly efficient procedure will allow diversity‐oriented syntheses of this intriguing class of compounds with potential biological activities.
Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles by Oxidative Dimerization of Carbothioamides by Using Oxone
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Todora Anthony D. , Kastern Brent J. , Koski Steven R. , Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles were efficiently synthesized in good yields through the oxidative dimerization of carbothioamides by using Oxone as a readily available, inexpensive, and environmentally safe oxidant. A similar reaction of phenylselenoamide led to the corresponding 1,2,4‐phenylselenadiazole in high yield.
Could surface roughness be a poor proxy for landslide age? Results from the Swabian Alb, Germany
Authors: Goetz Jason N. , Bell Rainer , Brenning Alexander 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe potential of surface roughness to quantify geomorphological landforms and processes has been enhanced with the availability of high‐resolution digital terrain models (DTM). Recent studies that attempt to identify landslide features with surface roughness have suggested that this measure of topographic heterogeneity may also be applied to estimate the relative age of landslides. This is a provisional study that explores the potential of this relationship by assessing the ability of surface roughness to act as a proxy for relative landslide age. The surface roughness for a set of 12 dated landslides in the Swabian Alb that occurred between 1789 and 1985 was calculated from a 1 m2 spatial resolution LiDAR DTM with three algorithms: root‐mean‐square‐height (RMSH), standard deviation of slope (SDS), and direction cosine eigenvalue ratios (DCE). Scale‐dependence was analysed by calculating surface roughness for a range of moving window sizes (3 × 3, 5 × 5, 9 × 9 and 15 × 15), and surface roughness for each landslide was summarized by the median and upper quartile. Only weak correlations (best Spearman's rho 0.58) were present between landslide age and surface roughness. This correlation becomes weaker with increasing moving window size. Given weak observed associations and discussed challenges pertaining to the complexities of landslide morphology change over time, we currently find that surface roughness alone may not be justifiable to act as a proxy for landslide age for our study region. Furthermore, we recommend future studies should focus on addressing possible natural and anthropogenic factors such as land use change that may alter surface roughness. These studies may focus on one of the three roughness measures used here as they are strongly correlated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rehydration characteristics of dehydrated West African pepper (Piper guineense) leaves
Authors: Okpala Laura C. , Ekechi Constance A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe rehydration characteristics of dehydrated West African pepper leaves were investigated at hydration temperatures of 28, 60, 70, and 80°C. Four treatments were given to the leaves: blanched and sun dried, unblanched and sun dried, blanched and shade dried, and unblanched and shade dried. The hydration process of the dehydrated leaves was adequately described by the Peleg's equation. As the hydration temperature increased from 28 to 70°C, there was a significant decrease in the Peleg's constant K1, while for most of the leaves the Peleg's constant K2 varied with temperature. Rehydration ratio values ranged from 3.75 in blanched shade dried leaves to 4.26 in unblanched sun dried leaves with the unblanched leaves generally exhibiting higher ratios than the blanched leaves.
Evaluation of clinical trial eligibility and prognostic indices in a population‐based cohort of systemic peripheral T‐cell lymphomas from the Danish Lymphoma Registry
Authors: Pedersen Martin Bjerregaard , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen Jacques , Bendix Knud , Møller Michael Boe , Nørgaard Peter , Johansen Preben , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Brown Peter De Nully , Hansen Per Boye , Jensen Bo Amdi , Madsen Jakob , Schöllkopf Claudia , d'Amore Francesco 
Published: July 2014

AbstractClinical trials (CTs) are needed to improve the outcome for peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL), and accrual into CTs is one of the main recommendations in international treatment guidelines. The use of risk‐adapted strategies has been suggested as a way to optimize treatment outcome in PTCL. The aim of the present study was to evaluate CT eligibility and selected prognostic indices in a population‐based PTCL cohort of 481 PTCL patients identified from the Danish Lymphoma Registry in the period 2000–2010. According to five predefined parameters (age, performance status, P‐creatinine, P‐ALAT and measurable tumour lesion), patients were subdivided into four groups: ‘younger fit’, ‘elderly fit’, ‘frail’ and ‘not CT eligible’. International prognostic index (IPI), prognostic index for T‐cell lymphoma (PIT) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein expression were tested at subtype‐specific level. Overall, 41% of the patients were considered eligible for interventional CTs implicating curatively intended multiagent chemotherapy, including, if considered appropriate, consolidating stem cell transplantation (SCT), as part of the upfront management strategy. Moreover, 28% was elderly fit and eligible for interventional CT, including those with SCT as part of the trial design. Approximately 7% were defined as ‘too frail’ for aggressive treatment schedules, whereas 24% were deemed not to be eligible for any CT. Both overall and progression‐free survivals were effectively predicted by IPI and PIT (p < 0.001). ALK‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma patients were significantly younger (median age 40 vs. 62, p < 0.001) and had a better outcome than their ALK‐negative counterparts (p < 0.001). However, ALK expression lost its prognostic significance when adjusting for age. In a population‐based cohort of adult Caucasian PTCL patients, approximately half were eligible for multiagent chemotherapy with or without consolidating SCT. Both IPI and PIT are useful prognostic indices in all ‘primary nodal’ PTCL entities. The prognostic value of ALK protein expression in anaplastic large cell lymphoma is significantly downsized when adjusting for age. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wear particles and ions from cemented and uncemented titanium‐based hip prostheses—A histological and chemical analysis of retrieval material
Authors: Grosse Susann , Haugland Hans Kristian , Lilleng Peer , Ellison Peter , Hallan Geir , Høl Paul Johan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWear debris‐induced inflammation is considered to be the main cause for periprosthetic osteolysis in total hip replacements (THR). The objective of this retrieval study was to examine the tissue reactions and exposure to metal ions and wear particles in periprosthetic tissues and blood samples from patients with titanium (Ti)‐based hip prostheses that were revised due to wear, osteolysis, and/or aseptic loosening. Semiquantitative, histological tissue evaluations in 30 THR‐patients revealed numerous wear debris‐loaded macrophages, inflammatory cells, and necrosis in both groups. Particle load was highest in tissues adjacent to loosened cemented Ti stems that contained mainly submicron zirconium (Zr) dioxide particles. Particles containing pure Ti and Ti alloy elements were most abundant in tissues near retrieved uncemented cups. Polyethylene particles were also detected, but accounted only for a small portion of the total particle number. The blood concentrations of Ti and Zr were highly elevated in cases with high abrasive wear and osteolysis. Our findings indicate that wear particles of different chemical composition induced similar inflammatory responses, which suggests that particle size and load might be more important than the wear particle composition in periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B:709–717, 2015.
Creep loading during degradation attenuates mechanical property loss in PLGA
Authors: Dreher Maureen L. , Nagaraja Srinidhi , Li Jian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhile absorbable materials and medical devices primarily degrade through hydrolysis, their degradation kinetics are sensitive to environmental conditions, including temperature, pH, and mechanical loading. While there is some consistent information in the literature suggesting that strain controlled loading accelerates strength loss, there is much more limited information on the interaction between degradation and mechanical load applied under force control. Force control conditions impose a different stress state on the material and therefore, may exhibit different effects on degradation. In this study, the interaction between loading and degradation rate for an exemplary absorbable polymer, poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide), was investigated. The results indicated that load during degradation results in significant polymer creep, which is associated with increased force loss, but decreased strength loss (i.e., stress based parameters such as ultimate stress). This study further identified that changes to the degradation kinetics from exposure to loading were not associated with alterations to polymer crystallinity but were associated with delayed loss of molecular weight. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of investigating the interaction between loading and degradation and that physical changes, such as those induced by creep, rather than chemical changes offer the strongest explanation for alteration of degradation kinetics. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 700–708, 2015.
Studying the antiemetic effect of vitamin B6 for morning sickness: Pyridoxine and pyridoxal are prodrugs
Authors: Matok Ilan , Clark Shannon , Caritis Steve , Miodovnik Menachem , Umans Jason G. , Hankins Gary , Mattison Donald R. , Koren Gideon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVitamin B6 has been known to possess antiemetic effects since 1942. This water soluble compound has several forms in the circulation including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxal phosphate. The active antiemetic form of vitamin B6 is unknown. This was a pre‐specified substudy of a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial comparing the antiemetic effect of the doxylamine–vitamin B6 combination (Diclectin®) (n = 131) to placebo (n = 126) in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Serum concentrations of pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxal 5′ phosphate (PLP) and doxylamine were measured on Days 4, 8, and 15. With Diclectin® exhibiting a significant antiemetic effect in pregnancy, serum concentrations of pyridoxine were unmeasurable in almost all patients and those of pyridoxal were undetectable in half of patients. In contrast, PLP was measurable at sustained, stable steady‐state levels in all patients. Our data suggest that there is a correlation between PLP levels and PUQE score of morning sickness symptoms when pyridoxine and pyridoxal levels are undetectable, and hence they might be prodrugs of PLP, which may be the active antiemetic form of vitamin B6.
Bioremediation by alkaline protease (AkP) from edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus: optimization approach based on statistical design and characterization for diverse applications
Authors: Majumder Rajib , Banik Samudra Prosad , Ramrakhiani Lata , Khowala Suman 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBioremediation using enzymes has become an attractive approach for removing hazardous chemicals from the environment. The present study investigated the production, optimization and applications of an extracellular alkaline protease (AkP) from the edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus focusing on bioremediation.RESULTSFor optimized enzyme production, the variables significantly influencing the protease activity were screened through the 11 factorial Plackett–Burman design. The optimum values of the selected variables and their mutual interactions were determined through response surface methodology using the Box–Behnken experimental design. Overall a 10‐fold increase in enzyme activity (1830 U mL‐1) was obtained which closely matched the yield predicted by the statistical model (1778.63 U mL‐1) with R2 = 0.9819. AkP could efficiently dehair the goat skin, detached bird feather vanes from its shaft and reduce BOD, COD and pH of tannery waste effluent. The AkP also demonstrated bactericidal property against Staphylococcus aureus as detected by MIC and flow cytometry analyses.CONCLUSIONAs an ecofriendly alternative, the enzyme showed significant promise for bioremediation and industrial applications through time‐saving bioprocesses. This is first report of alkaline protease from T. clypeatus or from a fungal source with wide‐ranging application potential. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Differences in Word Usage by Truth Tellers and Liars in Written Statements and an Investigative Interview After a Mock Crime
Authors: Matsumoto David , Hwang Hyisung C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough much is known about word usage differences between truths and lies, most of the research to date involves an examination of truths and lies in low stakes situations, written statements or interviews but not both, and native speakers of a single language. We examined differences in word usage between truth tellers and liars in a moderately high stakes, real‐life scenario (mock crime) involving participants from four cultural/ethnic groups—European‐Americans, Chinese, Hispanics and Middle Easterners. Each participant produced a written statement and participated in an investigative interview; word usage in both was analyzed. Word usage differentiated truths from lies in both the written statement and the investigative interview, and the effect sizes associated with these findings were substantial. For the written statement, word usage predicted truths from lies at 68.90% classification accuracy; for the investigative interview, word usage predicted truths from lies at 71.10% accuracy. Ethnicity did not moderate these effects. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications to cross‐cultural applicability of the psychological demands placed on liars and in terms of their practical field utility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis C virus NS3 protease genotyping and drug concentration determination during triple therapy with telaprevir or boceprevir for chronic infection with genotype 1 viruses, southeastern France
Authors: Aherfi Sarah , Solas Caroline , Motte Anne , Moreau Jacques , Borentain Patrick , Mokhtari Saadia , Botta‐Fridlund Danielle , Dhiver Catherine , Portal Isabelle , Ruiz Jean‐Marie , Ravaux Isabelle , Bregigeon Sylvie , Poizot‐Martin Isabelle , Stein Andreas , Gérolami René , Brouqui Philippe , Tamalet Catherine , Colson Philippe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTelaprevir and boceprevir, the two first hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease inhibitors (PIs), considerably increase rates of sustained virologic response in association with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in chronic HCV genotype 1 infections. The 30 first patients treated by telaprevir or boceprevir including anti‐HCV therapies since 2011 in Marseille University hospitals, France, were monitored. HCV loads and plasmatic concentrations of telaprevir and boceprevir were determined on sequential blood samples. HCV NS3 protease gene population sequencing was performed at baseline of treatment and in case of treatment failure. Fifteen patients (including 7 co‐infected with HIV) received telaprevir and the other 15 patients (including 4 co‐infected with HIV) received boceprevir. At baseline, HCV NS3 protease from six patients harbored amino acid substitutions associated with PI‐resistance. Treatment failure occurred at week 12 for 7 patients. Amino acid substitutions associated with PI‐resistance were observed in six of these cases. HCV NS3 R155K and T54A/S mutants, all of genotype 1a, were found from four patients. Median (interquartile range) plasma concentrations were 3,092 ng/ml (2,320–3,525) for telaprevir and 486 ng/ml (265–619) for boceprevir. For HIV–HCV co‐infected patients, median concentrations were 3,162 ng/ml (2,270–4,232) for telaprevir and 374 ng/ml (229–519) for boceprevir. Plasma drug concentration monitoring revealed undetectable concentrations for two patients at week 4, and probable non‐adherence to therapy for another patient. These findings indicate that routine HCV NS3 protease sequencing and plasma PI concentration monitoring might be helpful to characterize cases of therapy failure, at a cost dramatically low compared to that of anti‐HCV therapy. J. Med. Virol. 86:1868–1876, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postcricoid carcinoma: Is organ preservation justified in T3?
Authors: Kadapa Nagendra , Mangale Kunal , Watve Parag , Rao S L. M. Chandrasekhara , Raju A. K. , Subramanyeshwar Rao T. 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionPostcricoid carcinoma in India, is seen especially in middle‐aged females. Surgical treatment for postcricoid carcinoma has reduced because of increased organ‐preserving nonsurgical strategies. Surgical intervention leads to morbidity in the form of laryngectomy.Objectives/HypothesisTo study the outcomes of nonsurgical management and to assess whether organ preservation is justified or if radical surgery should be the first line of management for T3 postcricoid carcinoma.Study Design/MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 59 patients with T3 postcricoid carcinoma who were treated with nonsurgical modality in the form of radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). End points studied were locoregional control, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival. We also observed feeding tube and tracheostomy tube dependency.ResultsLocoregional control rate, DFS rate, and overall survival at the end of 2 years were 8.98%, 8.59%, and 15.71% respectively. Seventeen and 12 patients of the study population were dependent on nasogastric tube and tracheostomy tube, respectively, until their last follow‐up.ConclusionResults of organ preservation with radical RT or CCRT do not show promising outcomes in the locally advanced T3 carcinoma of postcricoid. Radical surgery with appropriate reconstruction and postoperative radiotherapy is probably better in terms of local control as well as overall survival. Proper preoperative counseling and postoperative rehabilitation of speech and stoma can improve the quality of life of T3 postcricoid carcinoma patientsLevel of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:356–359, 2015
Genome sequence of the model sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio gigas: a comparative analysis within the Desulfovibrio genus
Authors: Morais‐Silva Fabio O. , Rezende Antonio Mauro , Pimentel Catarina , Santos Catia I. , Clemente Carla , Varela–Raposo Ana , Resende Daniela M. , da Silva Sofia M. , de Oliveira Luciana Márcia , Matos Marcia , Costa Daniela A. , Flores Orfeu , Ruiz Jerónimo C. , Rodrigues‐Pousada Claudina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDesulfovibrio gigas is a model organism of sulfate‐reducing bacteria of which energy metabolism and stress response have been extensively studied. The complete genomic context of this organism was however, not yet available. The sequencing of the D. gigas genome provides insights into the integrated network of energy conserving complexes and structures present in this bacterium. Comparison with genomes of other Desulfovibrio spp. reveals the presence of two different CRISPR/Cas systems in D. gigas. Phylogenetic analysis using conserved protein sequences (encoded by rpoB and gyrB) indicates two main groups of Desulfovibrio spp, being D. gigas more closely related to D. vulgaris and D. desulfuricans strains. Gene duplications were found such as those encoding fumarate reductase, formate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase. Complexes not yet described within Desulfovibrio genus were identified: Mnh complex, a v‐type ATP‐synthase as well as genes encoding the MinCDE system that could be responsible for the larger size of D. gigas when compared to other members of the genus. A low number of hydrogenases and the absence of the codh/acs and pfl genes, both present in D. vulgaris strains, indicate that intermediate cycling mechanisms may contribute substantially less to the energy gain in D. gigas compared to other Desulfovibrio spp. This might be compensated by the presence of other unique genomic arrangements of complexes such as the Rnf and the Hdr/Flox, or by the presence of NAD(P)H related complexes, like the Nuo, NfnAB or Mnh.
Refined modeling and movement characteristics analyses of irregularly shaped particles
Authors: Zeng Y. W. , Jin L. , Du X. , Gao R. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIrregularly shaped (IRS) particles widely exist in many engineering and industrial fields. The macro physical and mechanical properties of the particle system are governed by the interaction between the particles in the system. The interaction between IRS particles is more complicated because of their complex geometric shape with extremely irregular and co‐existed concave and convex surfaces. These particles may interlock each other, making the sliding and friction of IRS particles more complex than that of particles with regular shape. In order to study the interaction of IRS particles more efficiently, a refined method of constructing discrete element model based on computed tomography scanning of IRS particles is proposed. Three parameters were introduced to control the accuracy and the number of packing spheres. Subsequently, the inertia tensor of the IRS particle model was optimized. Finally, laboratory and numerical open bottom cylinder tests were carried out to verify the refined modeling method. The influence of particle shape, particle position, and mesoscopic friction coefficient on the interaction of particles was also simulated. It is noteworthy that with the increase of mesoscopic friction coefficient, the fluidity of IRS particle assembly decreases, and intermittent limit equilibrium state may appear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating Stories: East Timorese in Australia and Questions of Post‐Independence Identity
Authors: Askland Hedda Haugen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDuring the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, diasporic groups played a central role in the campaign for self‐determination. Throughout the occupation, East Timorese in Australia maintained a strong sense of long‐distance nationalism, which drove, directly or indirectly, communal and social activities. The fight to free East Timor was at the core of the exiles' collective imagination, defining them as a largely homeland‐focused community. However, in the aftermath of the independence, the role and position of the diaspora have been less clear and the exiles have struggled to redefine their relationship with their home country. Personal experiences upon return and perceptions of political, cultural, economic, and social development (or lack thereof) have led to renewed questioning of identity and belonging. This article explores the renewed questioning of identity and belonging embedded in people's ‘circulating stories’ of change, sacrifice and return.