bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Model for Identifying Radiosensitive Tumor Genotypes in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Johung Kimberly L. , Yao Xiaopan , Li Fangyong , Yu James B. , Gettinger Scott N. , Goldberg Sarah , Decker Roy H. , Hess Judith A. , Chiang Veronica L. , Contessa Joseph N. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes a spectrum of radiosensitive and radioresistant tumors. However, little is known about the molecular determinants of cellular radiation responses. We examined clinical outcomes after gamma knife radiotherapy for NSCLC intracranial metastases to evaluate the use of this model for determining radiosensitive tumor genotypes.
Experimental Design: Between 2005 and 2012, 239 patients with NSCLC were enrolled in a prospective gamma knife data repository. Molecular pathology regarding EGF receptor (EGFR), ALK, and KRAS mutation status was available for 81 patients. Local and distant brain control was determined for 79 patients with 469 brain metastases. Modified Cox proportional hazards models were established to evaluate local control for treated lesions after serial gamma knife treatments.
Results: In total, 11% of patients developed in-field recurrence. No patients with metastases from tumors with EGFR mutations (0/164 lesions) or EML4-ALK translocations (0/61 lesions) recurred in-field. In contrast, 19% of patients without these mutations and 18% of patients with KRAS mutations recurred in-field (10/139 and 3/105 lesions, respectively). Rates of distant brain recurrence did not significantly differ across tumor genotypes. The predicted median in-field local control was significantly longer for EGFR-mutant and ALK-translocated tumors compared with other patients with NSCLC (P &lt; 0.001), whereas distant brain recurrence time was equivalent (P = 0.97). On multivariate analysis, EGFR mutation, ALK translocation, and metastasis size were independent predictors for superior local control after gamma knife treatment.
Conclusions: This study suggests that EGFR kinase domain mutations and EML4-ALK translocations are radiosensitive NSCLC genotypes, and proposes a novel model to identify radiosensitive subtypes of NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5523–32. ©2013 AACR.
On the Initial Development of Asymmetric Vertical Motion and Horizontal Relative Flow in a Mature Tropical Cyclone Embedded in Environmental Vertical Shear
Authors: Xu Yamei , Wang Yuqing 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper, the authors focus on the initial development of asymmetric vertical motion and horizontal relative flow in a mature tropical cyclone (TC) embedded in an environmental vertical shear. The fully compressible, nonhydrostatic TC model was used to perform a series of numerical experiments with a mature TC with different intensities embedded in shear with different magnitudes and different vertical profiles.
Results show that the development of both the wavenumber-1 asymmetric vertical motion and horizontal relative flow for a TC embedded in vertical shear is quite sensitive to both the magnitude and the vertical profile of wind shear, as well as the intensity of the TC itself. Diagnostic analysis based on the quasi-balanced potential vorticity inversion indicates that the balanced dynamics can only explain a small portion of the asymmetric vertical motion and relative flow. The unbalanced processes contribute predominantly to the development of the asymmetric flow in the simulations. It is shown that the eyewall of a mature TC plays a role somewhat like a material cylinder embedded in an environmental flow with vertical shear. The interaction between the environmental shear and the eyewall produces vertical gradient of convergence/divergence of horizontal wind around the lateral edge of the eyewall. This forces much stronger asymmetric vertical motion than the balanced processes do and drives significant horizontal relative divergent flow over the storm core, which opposes vertical shear and reduces the vertical tilt of the storm axis. In addition, the budget analysis for the axisymmetric tangential wind demonstrates that the asymmetric flow plays a dominant role in weakening the storm top down.
The Influence of Environmental Low-Level Shear and Cold Pools on Tornadogenesis: Insights from Idealized Simulations
Authors: Markowski Paul M. , Richardson Yvette P. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Idealized, dry simulations are used to investigate the roles of environmental vertical wind shear and baroclinic vorticity generation in the development of near-surface vortices in supercell-like “pseudostorms.” A cyclonically rotating updraft is produced by a stationary, cylindrical heat source imposed within a horizontally homogeneous environment containing streamwise vorticity. Once a nearly steady state is achieved, a heat sink, which emulates the effects of latent cooling associated with precipitation, is activated on the northeastern flank of the updraft at low levels. Cool outflow emanating from the heat sink spreads beneath the updraft and leads to the development of near-surface vertical vorticity via the “baroclinic mechanism,” as has been diagnosed or inferred in actual supercells that have been simulated and observed.
An intense cyclonic vortex forms in the simulations in which the environmental low-level wind shear is strong and the heat sink is of intermediate strength relative to the other heat sinks tested. Intermediate heat sinks result in the development (baroclinically) of substantial near-surface circulation, yet the cold pools are not excessively strong. Moreover, the strong environmental low-level shear lowers the base of the midlevel mesocyclone, which promotes strong dynamic lifting of near-surface air that previously resided in the heat sink. The superpositioning of the dynamic lifting and circulation-rich, near-surface air having only weak negative buoyancy facilitates near-surface vorticity stretching and vortex genesis. An intense cyclonic vortex fails to form in simulations in which the heat sink is excessively strong or weak or if the low-level environmental shear is weak.
Comments on “Current GCMs' Unrealistic Negative Feedback in the Arctic”
Authors: Pithan Felix , Mauritsen Thorsten 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In contrast to prior studies showing a positive lapse-rate feedback associated with the Arctic inversion, Boé et al. reported that strong present-day Arctic temperature inversions are associated with stronger negative longwave feedbacks and thus reduced Arctic amplification in the model ensemble from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). A permutation test reveals that the relation between longwave feedbacks and inversion strength is an artifact of statistical self-correlation and that shortwave feedbacks have a stronger correlation with intermodel spread. The present comment concludes that the conventional understanding of a positive lapse-rate feedback associated with the Arctic inversion is consistent with the CMIP3 model ensemble.
Greenhouse Gas–Induced Changes in Summer Precipitation over Colorado in NARCCAP Regional Climate Models*
Authors: Alexander Michael A. , Scott James D. , Mahoney Kelly , Barsugli Joseph 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Precipitation changes between 32-yr periods in the late twentieth and mid-twenty-first centuries are investigated using regional climate model simulations provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). The simulations generally indicate drier summers in the future over most of Colorado and the border regions of the adjoining states. The decrease in precipitation occurs despite an increase in the surface specific humidity. The domain-averaged decrease in daily summer precipitation occurs in all of the models from the 50th through the 95th percentile, but without a clear agreement on the sign of change for the most extreme (top 1% of) events.
The Development of a Statistical Forecast Model for Changma
Authors: Lee Seung-Eon , Seo Kyong-Hwan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractForecasting year-to-year variations in East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation is one of the most challenging tasks in climate prediction because the predictors are not sufficiently well known and the forecast skill of the numerical models is poor. In this paper, a statistical forecast model for changma (the Korean portion of the EASM system) precipitation is proposed that was constructed with three physically based predictors. A forward-stepwise regression was used to select the predictors that included sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the tropical Pacific Ocean. Seasonal predictions with this model showed high forecasting capabilities that had a Gerrity skill score of ~0.82. The dynamical processes associated with the predictors were examined prior to their use in the prediction scheme. All predictors tended to induce an anticyclonic anomaly to the east or southeast of Japan, which was responsible for transporting a large amount of moisture to the southern Korean Peninsula. The predictor in the North Pacific formed an SST front to the east of Japan during the summertime, which maintained a lower-tropospheric baroclinicity. The North Atlantic SST anomaly induced downstream wave propagation in the upper troposphere, developing anticyclonic activity east of Japan. Forcing from the tropical Pacific SST anomaly triggered a cyclonic anomaly over the South China Sea, which was maintained by atmosphere–ocean interactions and induced an anticyclonic anomaly via northward Rossby wave propagation. Overall, the model used for forecasting changma precipitation performed well (R = 0.85) and correctly predicted information for 16 out of 19 yr of observational data.
Depression as a Predictor of Length of Stay in Patients Admitted to the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit at a University Medical Center
Authors: Rude Jennifer , Azimova Komola , Dominguez Cristina , Sarosiek Jerzy , Edlavitch Stanley , Mukherjee Debabrata 
Published: July 2013

Depression is a predictor of length of stay (LOS) and adverse outcomes in patients with cardiac disease. Our objective was to assess the impact of depression on LOS in a Hispanic population admitted to a cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU). This was a prospective study of 151 consecutive patients admitted to the CVICU. Patients were administered the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale survey within 24 hours of admission. Patients were followed until discharge to determine LOS and adverse outcomes. Depression was more prevalent in Hispanic patients than in nonHispanic patients based on the CES-D scores (41% vs 14%). Using multivariate analysis, the presence of depression was a significant predictor of increased LOS ( P = .001). Depression has a significant impact on LOS in a Hispanic population. Appropriate treatment of depression may decrease LOS and has the potential to be cost effective in the current health care environment.
Evaluation of haemoglobin A1c measurement by an enzymatic method using an automated analyser that has an on-board haemolysis system
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Uchino Michiyo , Kato Masahiko 
Published: July 2013

Background Enzymatic assays, which can be run on a general automated clinical analyser, have been developed for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement. The performance of the BM Test HbA1c which is an enzymatic HbA1c assay was evaluated using the Bio Majesty (BM)6010/C, which has an on-board haemolysis system. Methods We evaluated whether the difference in sampling position from the centrifuged erythrocyte layer caused a difference in HbA1c values obtained by the BM6010/C and the Tosoh G7. The performance of the BM Test HbA1c was evaluated. Results The results of the paired t-test showed no significant difference between the values of HbA1c when the tip positions of the sample probe were at 1 mm, 3 mm or 5 mm and the values given by the Tosoh G7. The coefficient of variation (CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay precision were both approximately 1.0%. The correlation coefficient obtained from an analysis of 351 routine laboratory samples with the BM Test HbA1c and the Tosoh G7 was 0.994. The upper limit of linearity was verified up to 17.0 (NGSP%). No interference was observed from chemically modified derivatives of haemoglobin. The presence of haemoglobin variants produced no statistically significant differences in the results between the BM Test HbA1c and the Primus high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Accuracy evaluation using an International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) HbA1C control was within 3.4% relative error (%) of the assigned value. Conclusions The above outcomes prove that the measurement system, the BM Test HbA1c analysed on the BM6010/C, which has an on-board haemolysis system, is effective in laboratory routine tests.
Albumin concentration determined by the modified bromocresol purple method is superior to that by the bromocresol green method for assessing nutritional status in malnourished patients with inflammation
Authors: Ueno Tsuyoshi , Hirayama Satoshi , Ito Masayuki , Nishioka Emiko , Fukushima Yoshifumi , Satoh Tomoaki , Idei Mayumi , Horiuchi Yuki , Shoji Hiromichi , Ohmura Hirotoshi , Shimizu Toshiaki , Miida Takashi 
Published: July 2013

Background The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score (CS), a simple score for assessing nutritional status, is calculated using laboratory data, including serum albumin concentration. Although dye-binding assays such as the bromocresol green (BCG) and modified bromocresol purple (mBCP) methods are widely used for albumin measurement, acute-phase proteins interfere with the BCG method. Objective We aimed to determine whether the choice of albumin assay affects assessment of nutritional status using CONUT scores (CSs). Design We measured serum albumin concentrations by the BCG (ALBBCG) and mBCP (ALBmBCP) methods in 44 malnourished inpatients, 27 of whom underwent nutritional intervention, and compared them to 30 age-matched healthy volunteers. In treated patients, CSs were calculated by ALBBCG (CS-BCG) and ALBmBCP (CS-mBCP). Results C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were positively correlated with the difference between ALBBCG and ALBmBCP in malnourished inpatients ( r = 0.59, p < 0.001). CS-BCG was always lower than CS-mBCP (lower CS indicates superior nutritional status) in treated patients with persistently high CRP levels. However, in patients whose CRP decreased gradually, this difference diminished over the clinical course. CS-BCG and CS-mBCP were similar throughout their courses in patients with normal CRP concentrations. Adding haptoglobin to the human albumin solutions increased ALBBCG in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The choice of albumin assay affected the assessment of nutritional status using CSs in patients with inflammation. We recommend that the modified BCP assay be used to assess nutritional status, particularly in patients with inflammation.
Plasma adiponectin is a more specific marker of fatty liver than a marker of metabolic syndrome in Japanese men
Authors: Yatsuzuka Shin-ichi , Shimomura Younosuke , Akuzawa Masako , Ando Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Isao , Nakano Takamitsu , Tokita Yoshiharu , Nagamine Takeaki , Ono Hiromi , Tanaka Akira , Schaefer Ernst , Nakajima Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2013

Background The association of plasma cardiovascular risk markers and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been well defined. Methods Japanese men ( n = 809) had standard anthropometric measurements done, and had their liver fat quantitated by ultrasound. Three groups were identified: (1) normal controls without significant disease, (2) preliminary-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) cases and (3) MetS cases. Plasma adiponectin, high sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP), HOMA-IR, lipids, lipoproteins and liver enzymes were evaluated among the three groups. Results The prevalence of fatty liver was 13% in controls, 39% in pre-MetS and 62% in MetS. Plasma adiponectin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly decreased, and HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, TG, remnant lipoproteins (RLPs) and small dense-LDL-C (sd LDL-C) were significantly increased in subjects with fatty liver compared to those without fatty liver. Multivariate analyses of serum parameters associated with fatty liver revealed that adiponectin and hs-CRP were more strongly associated with the presence of fatty liver than waist circumference. However, HOMA-IR, HDL-C, TG, RLP-C, RLP-TG and sd LDL-C were more strongly associated with waist circumference than with fatty liver. Factor analysis revealed that adiponectin and HDL-C were linked to liver enzymes, lipoproteins and HOMA-IR associated with fatty liver, but not with waist circumference. Conclusions Adiponectin was found to be a more specific diagnostic marker for the presence of fatty liver regardless of MetS status, and was inversely correlated with liver enzyme concentrations. However, RLPs were found to be more specifically associated with the presence of MetS.
Studies on the use of BD Vacutainer® SST II™ and RST™ in general practice: investigation of artefactual hyperkalaemia
Authors: Huyghe Tine , Buntinx Frank , Bruyninckx Rudi , Besard Veerle , Vunckx Jos , Church Stephen , Byron Karen , Rosa Renee , Blanckaert Norbert 
Published: July 2013

Background Current sampling and transport conditions of samples in general practice can result in pseudohyperkalaemia. This study was undertaken to determine, in a general practice setting, whether there is any difference in haemolysis obtained when using BD Vacutainer® Rapid Serum Tubes (BD RST) compared with using BD Vacutainer® SST™ II Advance Blood Collection Tubes (BD SSTII). Methods Blood was collected from 353 patients requiring blood sampling who were attending 31 general practitioner practices in Belgium. For each patient, two BD SSTII tubes and two BD RST tubes were drawn in a randomized order. One of each pair of tubes was inverted five times, the other was not. Serum potassium concentration, serum LDH activity and haemolysis index were measured in each sample. Results There was no significant difference in measured potassium concentration according to tube type ( P = 0.16). Measured LDH activities were 1.7% higher in serum collected into BD SSTII tubes compared to BD RST tubes ( P = 0.02). When comparing serum from unmixed BD RST with BD SSTII tubes, there was a slight reduction in the haemolysis index but no significant difference in measured potassium concentration or LDH activity. Risk of hyperkalaemia was 4.8 times higher in serum from tubes that were incompletely filled compared to those that were filled with the correct amount of blood. Conclusion Both types of blood tubes are suitable for the measurement of serum potassium and LDH in patients from general practice. Tube inversion does not improve the accuracy of either serum potassium or LDH measurement. Blood tubes should be filled to the level recommended by the manufacturer to avoid artefactual increases in measured serum potassium concentration and LDH activity.
Missing the Mark With Latina Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sawyer Mirna Troncoso , Deines Carin K. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore nutritional behaviors and attitudes among Latino women with type 2 diabetes. Methods Women over 18 years old and previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were recruited to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews in their homes in Los Angeles, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada. Recruitment was conducted through flyers posted in local businesses. Interviews were conducted in Spanish or English. Data were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative process that involves reading interview transcripts and designating themes that arise from the data. Results Acquisition of nutritional knowledge and behavioral capability were positively associated with observational learning, formal nutritional education, and culturally competent meal planners. The use of traditional remedies and the consultation of naturistas reveal a tendency toward medical pluralism. In the home environment, husbands had the greatest influence on Latina women’s attitudes and perceived choices. Conclusions The social environment, including support and reinforcement, is critical for Latinas’ nutritional success. Observational learning is critical for Latinas’ behavioral capability.
Can home health aids using the clinical algorithm Algo choose the right bath seat for clients having a straightforward problem?
Authors: Guay Manon , Dubois Marie-France , Desrosiers Johanne 
Published: July 2013

Objective: To determine if Algo, a clinical algorithm to select bathing equipment for ‘straightforward’ cases, guides home health aides in selecting the appropriate bath seat. Design: Criterion validity study. Setting: Community home care. Subjects: Eight home health aides used Algo with community-dwelling older adults having a straightforward problem. Main measures: Their bath-seat recommendations were compared with those proposed by an occupational therapist (OT), which were considered as the gold standard. In order to determine a clinically acceptable threshold of agreement between the recommendations, a subgroup of community-dwelling elderly people was assessed a third time by another OT. Results: Half of the clients (74/143) for whom bathroom assessments were requested qualified as potentially straightforward cases after triage and were visited at home by a home health aide using Algo. In 84% of cases (95% confidence interval (CI) = [75, 93]), the non-OTs using Algo identified a seat that would enable these older adults to bathe according to their preferences, abilities and environment, as confirmed by the gold standard OT. Moreover, this appropriateness rate did not statistically differ from that obtained when comparing another OT to the gold standard. Conclusion: Algo guides non-OTs toward a bath seat that meets the needs of community-dwelling older adults in the majority of cases.
The effect of feedback respiratory training on pulmonary function of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled preliminary report
Authors: Lee Hye Young , Cha Yong Jun , Kim Kyoung 
Published: July 2013

Objective: To investigate the effect of feedback respiratory training on pulmonary function of children with cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: Twenty-two children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (feedback respiratory training) and the control group. Interventions: Feedback respiratory training and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy were performed by children in the experimental group. Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy was performed by children in the control group. Children in both groups received training three times per week for a period of four weeks. Outcome measures: Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, peak expiratory flow, vital capacity, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume were assessed before and after four weeks training period. Results: Significant improvements in pulmonary function were observed after training in the experimental group ( P < 0.05). Greater gains were observed in the experimental group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). Values of forced vital capacity increased by 50%, forced expiratory volume at one second increased by 40% as a result of training in the experimental group. The control group showed no significant changes in pulmonary function after training ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: Participation in feedback respiratory training resulted in improvement of pulmonary function of children with cerebral palsy.