bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Nasal Colonization and Strain Concordance in Patients with Community-AssociatedStaphylococcus aureusSkin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Authors: Ellis Michael W. , Schlett Carey D. , Millar Eugene V. , Crawford Katrina B. , Cui Tianyuan , Lanier Jeffrey B. , Tribble David R. 
Published: August 2014

Objective.Determine the prevalence and relatedness ofStaphylococcus aureusanterior nares colonization in individuals with community-associated staphylococcal skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI)Design.Observational cohort.Setting.US Army soldiers undergoing infantry training.Participants.Trainees who developed SSTI from May 2010 to January 2012.Methods.Participants underwent anterior nares culture at the time of presentation for purulent SSTI. We determined the prevalence ofS. aureusnasal colonization and strain relatedness between colonizing and clinical isolates with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results.We enrolled 1,203 SSTI participants, of whom 508 had culture-confirmedS. aureusSSTI. Overall, 70% (357/508) were colonized withS. aureus. Phenotypically, concordant colonization was more common with methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA; 56%; 122/218) than methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) SSTI (41%; 118/290;P< .01). With PFGE, 48% (121 of 254) of clinical-colonizing pairs were indistinguishable, and concordant colonization was more common with MRSA (53%; 92/173) than MSSA SSTI (36%; 29/81;P< .01). Restricting analysis to concomitant MRSA-MRSA or MSSA-MSSA pairs, 92% (92/100) of MRSA SSTI were indistinguishable, and 40% (29/72) MSSA SSTI were indistinguishable (P< .01). All 92 MRSA pairs were USA300.Conclusions.On the phenotypic level, concordant anterior nares colonization with incident staphylococcal SSTI is more common in MSSA than MRSA; however, the opposite is observed when accounting for molecular typing, and MRSA SSTI displays greater concordance. USA300 was responsible for strain concordance with MRSA SSTI. Studies are needed to examine the roles of nasal and extra-nasal carriage, colonization preceding infection, and increased virulence in the pathogenesis of MRSA SSTI.Trial registration.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01105767.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2014;35(10):1251–1256
An extremely low gas-to-dust ratio in the dust-lane lenticular galaxy NGC 5485
Authors: Baes Maarten , Allaert Flor , Sarzi Marc , De Looze Ilse , Fritz Jacopo , Gentile Gianfranco , Hughes Thomas M. , Puerari Ivânio , Smith Matthew W. L. , Viaene Sébastien 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Evidence is mounting that a significant fraction of the early-type galaxy population contains substantial reservoirs of cold interstellar gas and dust. We investigate the gas and dust in NGC 5485, an early-type galaxy with a prominent minor-axis dust lane. Using new Herschel PACS and SPIRE imaging data, we detect 3.8 × 106 M⊙ of cool interstellar dust in NGC 5485, which is in stark contrast with the non-detection of the galaxy in sensitive H i and CO observations from the ATLAS3D consortium. The resulting gas-to-dust ratio upper limit is Mgas/Md &lt; 14.5, almost an order of magnitude lower than the canonical value for the Milky Way. We scrutinize the reliability of the dust, atomic gas and molecular gas mass estimates, but these do not show systematic uncertainties that can explain the extreme gas-to-dust ratio. Also a warm or hot ionized gas medium does not offer an explanation. A possible scenario could be that NGC 5485 merged with an SMC-type metal-poor galaxy with a substantial CO-dark molecular gas component and that the bulk of atomic gas was lost during the interaction, but it remains to be investigated whether such a scenario is possible.
Barriers and Facilitators to Successful Transition from Pediatric to Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care from the Perspectives of Providers
Authors: Paine Christine W. , Stollon Natalie B. , Rabelais Em , Brumley Lauren D. , Poole Erika S. , Peyton Tamara , Grant Anne W. , Jan Sophia , Trachtenberg Symme , Zander Miriam , Mamula Petar , Bonafide Christopher P. , Schwartz Lisa A. 
Published: August 2014

Background
For adolescents and young adults (AYA) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the transition from pediatric to adult care is often challenging and associated with gaps in care. Our study objectives were to (1) identify outcomes for evaluating transition success and (2) elicit the major barriers and facilitators of successful transition.

Methods
We interviewed pediatric and adult IBD providers from across the United States with experience caring for AYAs with IBD until thematic saturation was reached after 12 interviews. We elicited the participants' backgrounds, examples of successful and unsuccessful transition of AYAs for whom they cared, and recommendations for improving transition using the Social–Ecological Model of Adolescent and Young Adult Readiness to Transition framework. We coded interview transcripts using the constant comparative method and identified major themes.

Results
Participants reported evaluating transition success and failure using health care utilization outcomes (e.g., maintaining continuity with adult providers), health outcomes (e.g., stable symptoms), and quality of life outcomes (e.g., attending school). The patients' level of developmental maturity (i.e., ownership of care) was the most prominent determinant of transition outcomes. The style of parental involvement (i.e., helicopter parent versus optimally involved parent) and the degree of support by providers (e.g., care coordination) also influenced outcomes.

Conclusions
IBD transition success is influenced by a complex interplay of patient developmental maturity, parenting style, and provider support. Multidisciplinary IBD care teams should aim to optimize these factors for each patient to increase the likelihood of a smooth transfer to adult care.
Management of Chronic Intractable Constipation in Children
Authors: Kerur Basavaraj , Kantekure Kanchan , Bonilla Silvana , Orkin Bruce , Flores Alejandro F. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBackground:Chronic intractable constipation (CIC) is a debilitating disease that is challenging to manage. Treatment options in children include medications, enemas, and surgical management in selected cases.Method:We reviewed medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed as having CIC at Tufts Medical Center from 2005 to 2012. Demographic variables, diagnostic procedures, and medical and surgical outcomes were collected. Clinical outcome was defined using the Rome III criteria.Results:A total of 14 patients were included in the study (10 boys). The age range was 10 to 21 years. All of the patients had the diagnosis of CIC. Eleven patients had cecostomy placement. During the follow‐up period, 10 patients underwent total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, 1 had total colectomy with ileostomy, and 1 had partial colectomy with colorectal anastomosis. Successful clinical outcome was reported in 7 patients with 3 patients reporting persistent fecal incontinence. Colonic motility studies were performed on 12 patients (colonic neuropathy in 11 patients and normal study in 1 patient). Defecography was consistent with isolated pelvic floor dysfunction in 1 patient, abnormal motility and anatomy in 1 patient, pelvic floor dysfunction and abnormal motility in 2 patients, and found abnormal motility only in 5. Defecography study was normal in 5 patients. All of the patients with abnormal colonic manometry underwent a surgical procedure.Conclusions:Anorectal manometry, colonic manometry, and defecography help in understanding the pathophysiology of defecation disorders in children. The majority of patients with abnormal colonic manometry underwent TAC‐IRA. There was no statistical correlation between individual investigations (anorectal manometry, colonic manometry, and defecography) with surgical intervention (P > 0.35). TAC‐IRA may be safe and useful intervention in a subset of patients when other treatment options have failed.
Genome sequencing of the perciform fishLarimichthys croceaprovides insights into stress adaptation
Authors: Ao Jingqun , Mu Yinnan , Xiang Li-Xin , Fan DingDing , Feng MingJi , Zhang Shicui , Shi Qiong , Zhu Lv-Yun , Li Ting , Ding Yang , Nie Li , Li Qiuhua , Dong Wei-ren , Jiang Liang , Sun Bing , Zhang XinHui , Li Mingyu , Zhang Hai-Qi , Xie ShangBo , Zhu YaBing , Jiang XuanTing , Wang Xianhui , Mu Pengfei , Chen Wei , Yue Zhen , Wang Zhuo , Wang Jun , Shao Jian-Zhong , Chen Xinhua 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe large yellow croakerLarimichthys crocea(L. crocea) is one of the most economically important marine fish in China and East Asian countries. It also exhibits peculiar behavioral and physiological characteristics, especially sensitive to various environmental stresses, such as hypoxia and air exposure. These traits may renderL. croceaa good model for investigating the response mechanisms to environmental stress. To understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation and response ofL. croceato environmental stress, we sequenced and assembled the genome ofL. croceausing a bacterial artificial chromosome and whole-genome shotgun hierarchical strategy. The final genome assembly was 679 Mb, with a contig N50 of 63.11 kb and a scaffold N50 of 1.03 Mb, containing 25,401 protein-coding genes. Gene families underlying adaptive behaviours, such as vision-related crystallins, olfactory receptors, and auditory sense-related genes, were significantly expanded in the genome ofL. crocearelative to those of other vertebrates. Transcriptome analyses of the hypoxia-exposedL. croceabrain revealed new aspects of neuro-endocrine-immune/metabolism regulatory networks that may help the fish to avoid cerebral inflammatory injury and maintain energy balance under hypoxia. Proteomics data demonstrate that skin mucus of the air-exposedL. croceahad a complex composition, with an unexpectedly high number of proteins (3,209), suggesting its multiple protective mechanisms involved in antioxidant functions, oxygen transport, immune defence, and osmotic and ionic regulation. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of fish adaptation and response to hypoxia and air exposure.
Activity of the Brassinosteroid Transcription Factors BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-SUPPRESSOR1/BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT2 Blocks Developmental Reprogramming in Response to Low Phosphate Availability
Authors: Singh Amar Pal , Fridman Yulia , Friedlander-Shani Lilach , Tarkowska Danuse , Strnad Miroslav , Savaldi-Goldstein Sigal 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Plants feature remarkable developmental plasticity, enabling them to respond to and cope with environmental cues, such as limited availability of phosphate, an essential macronutrient for all organisms. Under this condition, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots undergo striking morphological changes, including exhaustion of the primary meristem, impaired unidirectional cell expansion, and elevated density of lateral roots, resulting in shallow root architecture. Here, we show that the activity of two homologous brassinosteroid (BR) transcriptional effectors, BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1)/BZR2, blocks these responses, consequently maintaining normal root development under low phosphate conditions without impacting phosphate homeostasis. We show that phosphate deprivation shifts the intracellular localization of BES1/BZR2 to yield a lower nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, whereas replenishing the phosphate supply reverses this ratio within hours. Phosphate deprivation reduces the expression levels of BR biosynthesis genes and the accumulation of the bioactive BR 28-norcastasterone. In agreement, low and high BR levels sensitize and desensitize root response to this adverse condition, respectively. Hence, we propose that the environmentally controlled developmental switch from deep to shallow root architecture involves reductions in BZR1 and BES1/BZR2 levels in the nucleus, which likely play key roles in plant adaptation to phosphate-deficient environments.
Pregnancy outcomes of mothers with an alcohol‐related diagnosis: a population‐based cohort study for the period 1983–2007
Authors: Srikartika VM , O'Leary CM 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo examine fetal outcomes of mothers with an alcohol‐related diagnosis.DesignPopulation‐based cohort.SettingWestern Australia (WA).PopulationBirths on the WA Midwives Notification System (1983–2007).MethodsInfants of mothers with an alcohol‐related diagnosis [International Classification of Disease (ICD), 9th/10th revisions] recorded on WA health data sets (non‐Aboriginal n = 13 807; Aboriginal n = 9766) were identified through the WA data linkage system. A comparison cohort of infants born to mothers without an alcohol diagnosis was frequency matched on maternal age, year of birth of the offspring, and Aboriginal status (non‐Aboriginal n = 40 148; Aboriginal n = 20 643).Main outcome measuresPoisson regression‐generated adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, and low‐Apgar score, calculated separately for non‐Aboriginal and Aboriginal infants of mothers with an alcohol diagnosis recorded during pregnancy and any alcohol diagnosis. Population‐attributable fractions were calculated.ResultsThe aRR for non‐Aboriginal infants when a maternal alcohol diagnosis was recorded during pregnancy ranged from 1.79 (95% CI 1.42–2.16) for SGA to 2.57 (95% CI 1.69–4.27) for preterm birth <32 weeks of gestation, and for Aboriginal infants ranged from 2.69 (95% CI 2.28–3.16) to 1.99 (95% CI 1.40–2.84), respectively. The highest population‐atributable fractions were for any alcohol diagnosis and for Aboriginal infants. For Aboriginal births, approximately 9% (95% CI 4.74–12.97) and 10.1% (95% CI 5.50–14.49) of moderate and very preterm births, respectively, and 24.4% (95% CI 13.5–21.2%) of SGAs were attributable to having a mother with any alcohol‐related diagnosis.ConclusionsMothers with an alcohol diagnosis are at increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. The public health impact of maternal alcohol‐use disorders on fetal outcomes is significant.
Acute kidney injury in major gynaecological surgery: an observational study
Authors: Vaught AJ , Ozrazgat‐Baslanti T , Javed A , Morgan L , Hobson CE , Bihorac A 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence, outcomes and cost associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) defined by consensus risk, injury, failure, loss, and end‐stage kidney (RIFLE) criteria after gynaecologic surgery.DesignRetrospective single‐centre cohort study.SettingAcademic medical centre.SampleTwo thousand three hundred and forty‐one adult women undergoing major inpatient gynaecologic surgery between January 2000 and November 2010.MethodsAKI was defined by RIFLE criteria as an increase in serum creatinine greater than or equal to 50% from the reference creatinine. We used multivariable regression analyses to determine the association between perioperative factors, AKI, mortality and cost.Main outcome measuresAKI, combined major adverse events (hospital mortality, sepsis or mechanical ventilation), 90‐day mortality and hospital cost.ResultsOverall prevalence of AKI was 13%. The prevalence of AKI was associated with the primary diagnosis. Of women with benign tumour surgeries, 5% (43/801) experienced AKI compared with 18% (211/1159) of women with malignant disease (P < 0.001). Only 1.3% of the whole cohort had evidence of urologic mechanical injury. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, AKI patients had nine times the odds of a major adverse event compared to patients without AKI (adjusted odds ratio 8.95, 95% confidence interval 5.27–15.22). We have identified several readily available perioperative factors that can be used to identify patients at high risk for AKI after in‐hospital gynaecologic surgery.ConclusionsAKI is a common complication after major inpatient gynaecologic surgery associated with an increase in resource utilisation and hospital cost, morbidity and mortality.
The Patterns of Health Care Utilization by Elderly Europeans: Frailty and Its Implications for Health Systems
Authors: Ilinca Stefania , Calciolari Stefano 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the patterns of health care utilization by the elderly and test the influence of functional decline.Data Source and Study DesignWe used the three regular waves of the SHARE survey to estimate the influence of frailty on health care utilization in 10 European countries. We controlled for the main correlates of frailty and unobserved individual effects.ResultsThe frail elderly increase their primary and hospital care utilization before the onset of disability. Multimorbidity moderates the effect of frailty on care utilization.ConclusionsThe prevalence of frailty is high in most countries and is expected to increase. This renders frailty prevention and remediation efforts imperative for two complementary reasons: to promote healthier aging and to reduce the burden on health systems.
Lipases and Their Functionality in the Production of Wheat‐Based Food Systems
Authors: Gerits Lien R. , Pareyt Bram , Decamps Karolien , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the last several decades, food industries have increasingly used lipases as a result of the functional versatility of these enzymes and their potential beneficial effects in terms of processing and product quality. This review article discusses lipases and their functional effects during cereal‐based food processing with a focus on the production of bread and cakes. Their dough and batter intermediates, respectively, are essentially semi‐solid foams that upon baking are converted into solid cellular sponges. In both cases, the lipid fraction(s) from wheat (in the case of bread and cake), egg and/or bakery fat (in the case of cake) exert major roles in gas incorporation and stabilization in the cited semi‐solid foams. An up‐to‐date overview on the (potential) substrates, the different lipase enzymes, their action mechanism, their functionality, and how they impact bread and cake quality is presented. We also hypothesize on how the observed effects can be interpreted in terms of the altered lipid chemistry.
The Paradox of Mixed‐Species Biofilms in the Context of Food Safety
Authors: Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Ha Sang‐Do 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFormation of mixed‐species biofilms constitutes a common adaptation of foodborne pathogens and indigenous microbiota for prolonged survival in their food niche. Nevertheless, the potential role of mixed‐species biofilms in food safety remains to be elucidated. The formation of mixed‐species biofilms on food and food processing surfaces depends on various physical, chemical, and biological processes including species composition, especially of the indigenous microbiota and nutrients, food types, temperature, quorum sensing, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, biofilms maturation, and dispersal steps. Compared to monospecies, mixed‐species are highly resistant to antimicrobials, possibly due to higher EPS production, internalization into food, fitness of species, denser and thicker biofilms maturation, and interspecific protection of 1 species by others, although there are much debate among studies. The fitness of mixed‐species biofilms populations is suggested to be of a cooperative, competitive, or neutral nature based on the genetic background of the involved species. Currently, various methods using microarray, confocal microscopy, proteomics, and selective media are being explored for the detection of mixed‐species biofilms to resolve the conflict issues. Here, we review recent progress in this emerging field in the context of food safety and propose that novel and alternative techniques like antiquorum sensing, antibiofilms, enzymes, hurdle techniques, and bacteriophages will significantly help to control the formation of mixed‐species biofilms for enhanced food safety. The next challenge will be to integrate the fitness and resistance patterns of mixed‐species biofilms in the laboratory with those of natural settings.
A Review of Thermo‐Oxidative Degradation of Food Lipids Studied by 1H NMR Spectroscopy: Influence of Degradative Conditions and Food Lipid Nature
Authors: Martínez‐Yusta Andrea , Goicoechea Encarnación , Guillén María D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis review summarizes present‐day knowledge provided by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) concerning food lipid thermo‐oxidative degradation. The food lipids considered include edible oils and fats of animal and vegetable origin. The thermo‐oxidation processes of food lipids of very different composition, occurring at low, intermediate, or high temperatures, with different food lipid surfaces exposed to oxygen, are reviewed. Mention is made of the influence of both food lipid nature and degradative conditions on the thermo‐oxidation process. Interest is focused not only on the evolution of the compounds that degrade, but also on the intermediate or primary oxidation compounds formed, as well as on the secondary ones, from both qualitative and quantitative points of view. Very valuable qualitative and quantitative information is provided by 1H NMR, which can be useful for metabolomic and lipidomic studies. The chemical shift assignments of spectral signals of protons of primary (hydroperoxides and hydroxides associated with conjugated dienes) and secondary, or further (aldehydes, epoxides, among which 9,10‐epoxy‐12‐octadecenoate [leukotoxin] can be cited, alcohols, ketones) oxidation compounds is summarized. It is worth noting the ability of 1H NMR to detect toxic oxygenated α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, like 4‐hydroperoxy‐, 4,5‐epoxy‐, and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐alkenals, which can be generated in the degradation of food lipids having omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated groups in both biological systems and foodstuffs. They are considered as genotoxic and cytotoxic, and are potential causative agents of cancer, atherosclerosis, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Lipid Oxidation in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Involvement of the Interfacial Layer
Authors: Berton‐Carabin Claire C. , Ropers Marie‐Hélène , Genot Claude 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMore polyunsaturated fats in processed foods and fewer additives are a huge demand of public health agencies and consumers. Consequently, although foods have an enhanced tendency to oxidize, the usage of antioxidants, especially synthetic antioxidants, is restrained. An alternate solution is to better control the localization of reactants inside the food matrix to limit oxidation. This review establishes the state‐of‐the‐art on lipid oxidation in oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions, with an emphasis on the role of the interfacial region, a critical area in the system in that respect. We first provide a summary on the essential basic knowledge regarding (i) the structure of O/W emulsions and interfaces and (ii) the general mechanisms of lipid oxidation. Then, we discuss the factors involved in the development of lipid oxidation in O/W emulsions with a special focus on the role played by the interfacial region. The multiple effects that can be attributed to emulsifiers according to their chemical structure and their location, and the interrelationships between the parameters that define the physicochemistry and structure of emulsions are highlighted. This work sheds new light on the interpretation of reported results that are sometimes ambiguous or contradictory.