bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Vertical Shear on Aviation Turbulence within Cirrus Bands of a Simulated Western Pacific Cyclone
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , Chun Hye-Yeong , Sharman Robert D. , Trier Stanley B. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
At 0300 UTC 9 September 2010, commercial aircraft traveling between Tokyo and Hawaii encountered regions of moderate and severe intensity turbulence at about 12-km elevation in or just above banded structures in the cirrus anvil associated with an oceanic cyclone located off the east coast of Japan. The generation mechanisms of the cirrus bands and turbulence are investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model with five nested domains having a finest horizontal grid spacing of 370 m. The simulation reproduces the satellite-observed patterns of cloud brightness, including the bands, and suggests that synoptic-scale vertical shear within the anvil cloud layer and radiative effects, including longwave cooling at cloud top and warming at cloud base, act together to produce banded structures within the southern edge of the cirrus cloud shield. The character of the bands within the nearly neutral or convectively unstable layer of the cirrus shield is similar to boundary layer rolls in that the vertical wind shear vectors are nearly parallel to the cirrus bands. The strong vertical shear aligned with the banded convection leads to flow deformations and mixing near the cloud top, resulting in localized moderate and severe turbulence. The estimated maximum value of the cube root of eddy dissipation rate within the bands is ~0.7 m2/3 s−1, consistent with severe turbulence levels experienced by large aircraft.
A comparison of different methods of demand management on requesting activity in a teaching hospital intensive care unit
Authors: Tyrrell Samuel , Roberts Hywel , Zouwail Soha 
Published: April 2014

Background Laboratory services in the UK have witnessed an annual increase in requesting activity often with no associated increase in budget. This study evaluated the impact of different demand management strategies on biochemistry test requesting activity from a tertiary Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at a UK teaching hospital. Method We conducted an observational longitudinal study in which biochemistry requesting activity from the ICU was gathered over five separate six-month periods between 2009 and 2013. During this time, two different strategies aimed at reducing inappropriate biochemistry requesting were in use and the effects of the two strategies were compared. Results Implementation of minimum re-testing intervals (MRIs) resulted in an overall 22.7% reduction in total requesting activity in the first year with minor change in clinical workload. In the second year, a 13.3% rise in requesting activity was seen but this was against a background of a 14.6% increase in ICU workload. Removal of the MRIs rules associated with the introduction of an ICU test testing schedule resulted in a 13.4% reduction in total requesting activity in the first year. ICU workload during this year was 1.8% lower than the previous year. In the final year, requesting activity was almost unchanged but ICU workload grew by 6.8%. Conclusion Implementation of MRIs reduced biochemistry test requesting activity on the ICU. Introduction of an agreed test schedule and removal of the MRIs, however, produced a further reduction in ICU requesting activity. Variation in ICU workload does not account for all the observed changes.
Thromboembolic complications of endovenous thermal ablation and foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of great saphenous vein insufficiency
Authors: Dermody Meghan , Schul Marlin W , O’Donnell Thomas F 
Published: April 2014

Objective Portions of these data were presented in a poster at the XVII World Meeting of the International Union of Phlebology, 8–13 September 2013, Boston, MA, USA. We assessed the incidence of venous thromboembolism following treatment of great saphenous insufficiency by endovenous thermal ablation or foam sclerotherapy using meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials and case series. Methods Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Clinical Trials Registry databases were searched from January 2000 through January 2013 for randomized controlled trials and large case series employing endovenous thermal ablation or foam sclerotherapy as a single modality for the treatment of great saphenous insufficiency, with concomitant postoperative duplex scanning. Pooled (stratified) incidence of venous thromboembolism with 95% confidence intervals was estimated using the DerSimonian–Laird procedure for random effects meta-analysis. A bootstrap analysis was performed to examine between-modality differences. Results Twelve randomized controlled trials and 19 case series investigating endovenous thermal ablation (radiofrequency ablation with VNUS/Covidien ClosureFAST™ catheter only, endovenous laser ablation, or both) were included. Data from 12 randomized controlled trials and 6 case series investigating nonproprietary foam preparations were analyzed. Estimated incidence of venous thromboembolism was low (mostly <1%) and similar across treatment modalities and study types. Conclusions Treatment of great saphenous insufficiency by endovenous thermal ablation or foam sclerotherapy is a common vascular intervention. The stratified incidence of venous thromboembolism appears to be low as reported in both randomized controlled trials and case series investigating these modalities. Although duplex scans were obtained postoperatively, a minority of studies specified protocols for venous thromboembolism detection.
A retrospective review of a series of interposition arthroplasties of the elbow
Authors: Laubscher Maritz , Vochteloo Anne JH , Smit Adriaan A , Vrettos Basil C , Roche Stephen JL 
Published: April 2014

Background Interposition arthroplasty (IA) is mostly performed in younger patients where total joint replacement is contraindicated and an arthrodesis is unattractive. The outcome and complications of an IA were evaluated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 18 consecutive cases of interposition arthroplasty (IA) (one case was excluded as a result of incomplete records). Pre- and postoperative pain and function were evaluated. Complications, re-operations and revisions were recorded. Results The mean age was 41 years (range 19 years to 59 years) at time of surgery. The primary diagnosis was post-traumatic osteoarthritis in 12 cases and inflammatory arthritis in five cases. The median follow-up was 54 months (range 8 months to 120 months). In 15 cases, at least one re-operation was performed. Seven cases were revised, with four of these to a total elbow replacement, an arthrodesis was performed in two cases and a re-do interposition was carried out in one case. The median interval from the interposition to revision was 23 months (range 8 months to 88 months). In 10 patients with the interposition currently in situ, mean visual analogue scale score for pain improved from 7.4 to 2.4 and mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score improved from 42 to 76 points. Conclusions IA offered an improvement in pain and function but at a high cost. It is associated with a high complication rate the need for revision surgery.
Risk factors and predictors of mortality for proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Wilson Lyndsay A , Gooding Benjamin WT , Manning Paul A , Wallace W Angus , Geoghegan John M 
Published: April 2014

Background Risk factors for mortality after proximal humeral fracture, including socioeconomic status, are poorly defined. This retrospective review of prospectively collected data defines the epidemiology and predictors of mortality in association with proximal humeral fractures. Methods Patients who sustained proximal humeral fractures were identified from fragility fracture and trauma databases between May 2001 and September 2012. Results In total, 1880 patients with a mean age of 69 years and a male to female ratio of 2 : 3 were identified. Socioeconomic distribution is skewed towards the lowest and highest quintiles. Low-energy mechanisms caused 88% of fractures. Men sustain fractures when they are aged 10 years younger and via higher-energy mechanisms. In total, 536 patients (29%) died within the study period with a 1-year mortality of 9.8%, rising to 28.2% at 5 years. Female gender, increasing age, pathological fracture and increased number of co-morbidities were independent variables for increased mortality. Conclusions The present study, which was conducted over an 11-year period, is the first to combine the epidemiology and risk factors for mortality with socioeconomic rank. One-year mortality risk is twice that of the background matched population. Patient counselling with respect to increased mortality should be considered, especially in higher-risk elderly females with multiple co-morbidities.
Intraoperative nerve monitoring during total shoulder arthroplasty surgery
Authors: Malik Atif A , Aresti Nick , Plumb Karen , Cowan Joseph , Higgs Deborah , Lambert Simon , Falworth Mark 
Published: April 2014

Background Nerve injury is an acknowledged complication of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Although the incidence of postoperative neurological deficit has been reported to be between 1% and 16%, the true incidence of nerve damage is considered to be higher. The present study aimed to identify the rate of intraoperative nerve injury during total shoulder arthroplasty and to determine potential risk factors. Methods A prospective study of nerve conduction in 21 patients who underwent primary or revision TSA was carried out over a 12-month period. Nerve conduction was monitored by measuring intraoperative sensory evoked potentials (SEP). A significant neurophysiological signal change was defined as either a unilateral or bilateral decrease in SEP signal of ≥50%, a latency increase of ≥10% or a change in waveform morphology, not caused by operative or anaesthetic technique. Results Seven (33%) patients had a SEP signal change. The only significant risk factor identified for signal change was male sex (odds ratio 15.00, 95% confidence interval). The median nerve was the most affected nerve in the operated arm. All but one signal change returned to normal before completion of the operation and no patient had a persisting postoperative clinical neurological deficit. Conclusions The incidence of intraoperative nerve damage may be more common than previously reported. However, the loss of SEP signal is reversible and does not correlate with persisting clinical neurological deficits. The median nerve appears to be most at risk. Monitoring SEPs in the operated limb during TSA may be a valuable tool during TSA.
Interleukin-15 enhances cellular proliferation and upregulates CNS homing molecules in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Williams Mark T. S. , Yousafzai Yasar , Cox Charlotte , Blair Allison , Carmody Ruaidhrí , Sai Shuji , Chapman Karen E. , McAndrew Rachel , Thomas Angela , Spence Alison , Gibson Brenda , Graham Gerard J. , Halsey Christina 
Published: April 2014

Key PointsIL-15 has been implicated in CNS disease and leukemogenesis, but the biological mechanisms are unknown. IL-15 increases pre-B ALL growth and upregulates CNS homing molecules, and MEK/ERK, PI3K, and NF-κB inhibitors block IL-15 growth effects.
Ethical considerations of research policy for personal genome analysis: the approach of the Genome Science Project in Japan
Authors: Minari Jusaku , Shirai Tetsuya , Kato Kazuto 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
As evidenced by high-throughput sequencers, genomic technologies have recently undergone radical advances. These technologies enable comprehensive sequencing of personal genomes considerably more efficiently and less expensively than heretofore. These developments present a challenge to the conventional framework of biomedical ethics; under these changing circumstances, each research project has to develop a pragmatic research policy. Based on the experience with a new large-scale project—the Genome Science Project—this article presents a novel approach to conducting a specific policy for personal genome research in the Japanese context. In creating an original informed-consent form template for the project, we present a two-tiered process: making the draft of the template following an analysis of national and international policies; refining the draft template in conjunction with genome project researchers for practical application. Through practical use of the template, we have gained valuable experience in addressing challenges in the ethical review process, such as the importance of sharing details of the latest developments in genomics with members of research ethics committees. We discuss certain limitations of the conventional concept of informed consent and its governance system and suggest the potential of an alternative process using information technology.
Precise control of miR-125b is required to create a regeneration-permissive environment after spinal cord injury
Authors: Diaz Quiroz Juan Felipe , Tsai Eve , Coyle Matthew , Sehm Tina , Echeverri Karen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Most spinal cord injuries lead to permanent paralysis in mammals. By contrast, the remarkable regenerative abilities of salamanders enable full functional recovery even from complete spinal cord transections. The molecular differences underlying this evolutionary divergence between mammals and amphibians are poorly understood. We focused on upstream regulators of gene expression as primary entry points into this question. We identified a group of miRNAs that are conserved between the Mexican axolotl salamander and mammals, but show marked cross-species differences in regulation patterns following spinal cord injury. We found that precise post-injury levels of one of these miRNAs (miR-125b) is essential for functional recovery, and guides correct regeneration of axons through the lesion site in a process involving the direct downstream target Sema4D in axolotls. Translating these results to a mammalian model, we increased miR-125b levels in the rat through mimic treatments following spinal cord transection. These treatments down-regulated Sema4D and other glial-scar related genes, and enhanced the animal's functional recovery. Our study identifies a key regulatory molecule conserved between salamander and mammal, and shows that the levels of miR-125b and its target gene Sema4D must be carefully controlled in the right cells at the correct level to promote regeneration. We also show that this molecular component of the salamander's regeneration-permissive environment can be experimentally harnessed to improve treatment outcomes for mammalian spinal cord injuries.
Task-specific Ionic Liquid-mediated Facile Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triaryltriazines by Cyclotrimerization of Imines and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Jain Anuj K , Sharma Sonam 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A highly efficient method for the synthesis of fluorinated 1,3,5-triaryltriazine derivatives is developed by the condensation reaction of aromatic amines and formaldehyde followed by spontaneous cyclotrimerization using task-specific 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine trifluoroacetate [TMG][Tfa] ionic liquid as a environmentally benign solvent in excellent yields at room temperature. The synthesized compounds were subjected for in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using the Löwenstein–Jensen medium.
Synthesis and Properties of Liquid Crystalline Organogelators with Cholesteryl 4-(4′-Alkoxybenzoylamino)benzoates
Authors: Kubo Kanji , Tsuji Kazuki , Ujiie Seiji , Mori Akira 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
As a new liquid-crystalline organogelator, cholesteryl 4-(4′-alkoxybenzoylamino)benzoates were prepared. Cholesteryl 4-(4′-alkoxybenzoylamino)benzoates had enantiotropic cholesteric and chiral smectic C phases. Furthermore, cholesteryl 4-(4′-alkoxybenzoylamino)benzoate gelled organic liquid such as n-decane, n-hexadecene, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-decanol, toluene, salad oil, linalool, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, limonene, linalyl acetate, lavender oil, orange oil, and lemon oil. The terpene gels show good release of the volatile components for a long period.
Environmental Noise from Construction Site Power Systems and its Mitigation
Authors: Sellappan Elancheliyan , Janakiraman Krishnakumar 
Published: April 2014

Generator sets for power are among the equipment used in the construction industries, used in large numbers and as clusters and also located very near to the work area. The noise levels produced by these generators are much higher than the permissible limit. The first part of this paper assesses the potential noise emissions associated with two unclosed caterpillar power generators used in a construction site. In the second part combined noise effects of generators and other activities are studied over a 12-hour period to establish background environmental noise levels. The study shows large number of construction workers working nearby generators are exposed to 100 dB (A) or more noise. The chain of noise control at the source – along the noise path or at the receiver – and what effective steps could be taken to mitigate the noise exposure at each stage are considered.
Does Short Selling Amplify Price Declines or Align Stocks with Their Fundamental Values?
Authors: Curtis Asher , Fargher Neil L. 
Published: April 2014

Critics of short selling argue that short sellers amplify price declines by targeting firms with falling prices in an unwarranted manner. Contrary to this viewpoint, we find that increases in short interest for firms following a price decline are associated with measures of overpricing based on financial statement analysis. Our results extend to short-selling activity following marketwide declines. We also find evidence consistent with the profitability of short selling following price declines being driven by valuation-based positions. Overall, our findings suggest short sellers primarily undertake valuation-based strategies following price declines and have implications for regulators. Limiting short selling following price declines is likely to impede efficient price discovery. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Health behaviour of adolescents in Slovenia: major results from 2010 and trends from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Jeriček Klanšček Helena , Koprivnikar Helena , Zorko Maja , Zupanič Tina 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Monitoring of health behaviours, especially of adolescents, is essential for the future of each nation. Over the last decades, many changes have occurred in all aspects of our lives, affecting the health and quality of life of all people, including children and adolescents.Methods: The study is based on a quantitative research method. The survey was conducted on a representative sample of Slovenian 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents, using a standardised international questionnaire (HBSC study – Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children). The survey was carried out with the assistance of school counsellors in the spring of 2002, 2006 and 2010 (n = 15.080). For determining the correlation between two individual years, the chi-square test (c2) was used. The significance level was calculated using the statistical significance value of p ≤ 0.05. Through the Cochran-Armitage trend test, it was established whether a trend existed for the selected indicators in the period between 2002 and 2010.Results: There are some favourable trends, e.g. eating breakfast (p = 0.000), tooth brushing (p = 0.000), lower proportion of individuals who rate their health as poor (p = 0.002) and experience several psychosomatic symptoms (p = 0.000), but also unfavourable trends, e.g. decrease in physical activity (p = 0.023), increase in early alcohol consumption (p = 0.000), dissatisfaction with school (p = 0.000) and bullying others (p = 0.000).Discussion and conclusion: The conclusions of the analyses can serve as a useful basis for further work and development of systemic measures to promote healthy behaviours and prevent risky and unhealthy behaviours among children and adolescents.
Zwischen Community Building und Open Access – Disziplinäre Forschungsinformationssysteme im Serviceportfolio Virtueller Fachbibliotheken
Authors: Mathieu Christian 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Projektförmigkeit von Forschung hat – in Verbindung mit den technischen Möglichkeiten des Social Web – dem Wettbewerb um akademische Visibilität und Vernetzung innerhalb der Wissenschaftsgemeinde eine neue Qualität gegeben. Zugleich eröffnet der Strukturwandel des Wissenschaftsprozesses unter den Leitbildern von Partizipation und Kooperation für Virtuelle Fachbibliotheken die Chance, sich stärker als Informationsforum ihrer jeweiligen Disziplin zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck möchte der folgende Beitrag für die Erweiterung von Fachrepositorien um Funktionalitäten von Forschungsinformationssystemen werben.
„Das Unterschiedliche gemeinsam bedienen“ – Zukunftsstrategien für regionale Sondersammelgebiete am Beispiel der vifanord
Authors: Sindt Ruth , Bollin Stefanie 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz stellt das Kooperationsmodell der vifanord vor, in der vier regional benachbarte Sondersammelgebiete die unterschiedlichen Bedürfnisse ihrer jeweiligen Fachcommunity in einem Portal gemeinsam bedienen. Innerhalb der vifanord hat sich insbesondere die Metasuche zu einem von den Wissenschaftlern geschätzten Angebot entwickelt, für welches es kein adäquates kommerzielles Produkt gibt. So plädieren die Autorinnen dafür, die vifanord mit ihrer Metasuche als Mehrwert für Regionalstudien im Rahmen der entstehenden Fachinformationsdienste auszubauen und dabei Synergieeffekte aus der Kooperation mit anderen Virtuellen Fachbibliotheken auszunutzen.
„Zwerge mit den Schultern von Riesen – Akademisches Fehlverhalten als Teil des Wissenschaftssystems?“
Authors: Schuh Dominik 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungMitte Juli 2013 wurde an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz zum zweiten Mal mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Deutschland und der Schweiz über die Problematik akademischen Fehlverhaltens beraten. Im Fokus der Betrachtung standen diesmal Ursachen und Bedingungen von Verstößen gegen die gute wissenschaftliche Praxis. Im Anschluss an die Tagung bekamen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter der Universität Gelegenheit, sich im Rahmen von Workshops mit Präventions- und Kontrollmöglichkeiten auseinander zu setzen.
„Big Data“ in Bibliotheken: Skalierbare Langzeitarchivierung im SCAPE Projekt
Authors: Schlarb Sven 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das Europäische Forschungsprojekt SCAPE. Das Thema „Big Data“ wird im Kontext der digitalen Bibliothek mit einem Fokus auf Langzeitarchivierung präsentiert. Der Artikel beschreibt die Erfahrungen, die beim Aufbau einer Hard- und Software-Infrastruktur für die Verarbeitung großer Datenmengen an der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek am Beispiel des Web-Archivs und des Austrian Books Online-Projekts gesammelt wurden.
Nonbond interactions between graphene nanosheets and polymers: a computational study
Authors: Mo Yong-Fang , Yang Chuan-Lu , Xing Yan-Fei , Wang Mei-Shan , Ma Xiao-Guang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBased on the geometries from molecular dynamics simulations and a package compiled by us, the interactions between graphene nanosheet (GNS) and nine types of flexible polymers have been investigated with force field. Both the van der Waals (vdW) interaction and the electrostatic interaction (EI) for two same polymer chains and between a polymer and a GNS were calculated and compared. The effect of cut-off distance was explored. It was found that the cut-off distance plays a significant role in EI energy, but a less important role in vdW energy when the cut-off distance is over 9.5 Å. The reasonable cut-off distances for EI and vdW interactions for simulation are suggested.