bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giving Joint Project: A Simulation of Game Theory
Authors: Tamayo Adrian M. 
Published: April 2013

This study employed the game theory in evaluating giving a joint project as a teaching strategy. Game theory helps the students decide a course of action with respect to anticipated course of actions. A total of 178 students participated in the experiment; they were asked on either they “goof off” or “work hard” on a project. Multinomial logit analysis was used to determine the choice behavior of the students. It is an appropriate model for multiple-coded dependent variable. The findings characterized the students’ behavior towards doing a project. Most of the students prefer to work in a group to complete the project however, this preference decreases as the student moves up on higher year level; first year were 99% less likely to do the project alone, second year were 94% less likely to do it alone; third year students were 93% less likely to do alone. Rural students prefer doing the project alone. The presence of a female in the group will cause pressure to contribute efforts to finish the project. Older students tend to practice leadership in group. The study affirmed applicability of game theory in learning and instruction. Keywords - Education, instruction strategy, game theory, joint project, multinomial logit, Philippines
Bilingual Mastery as Effectual Medium of Instruction in General Education Courses
Authors: Del Rio Annsharina , Lopez Jezreel S. 
Published: April 2013

The medium of instruction used in the classroom has a vital role in the learning of the students. It is a big factor in accomplishing quality education upheld by any academic institution. In the Philippines where public education was introduced by the American colonizers in the early 1900s and augmented by books and instructional materials that were written in English, it is no longer surprising to see that until in contemporary time, most of the schools strictly promote the use of the English language more than Filipino (national language) in classroom lectures and discussions. This is regardless whether the course is major or general education (GE) such as Philippine History, Literature, Social Sciences, and Math. This research entitled “Bilingual mastery as effectual medium of instruction in General Education courses” aims to determine the preferences of students regarding medium of instruction in the teaching of GE courses, know the preferred medium of communication among college students and identify the effectuality of bilingual practices among GE teachers. The descriptive research design is used in the study. The researchers seek the cooperation of 60 student-respondents who are enrolled in GE courses in De La Salle Lipa (DLSL) in Batangas, Philippines. The respondents are asked to answer a survey questionnaire. Based on the results, DLSL college students prefer both English and Filipino as the media of instruction in GE classes. Most of the respondents claim that they can express and perceive learning in both languages. With this outcome, it can be recommended that academic institutions in the Philippines like DLSL review the policy on classroom-teaching language as well as allow the bilingual practices among teachers. Keywords - General Education, bilingual mastery, descriptive design, Philippines
Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems (ATPSs) for Extraction and Purification of Biomolecules and Bioparticles
Authors: de Araújo Viana Marques Daniela , Vitor Dutra Molino João , Gava Mazzola Priscila , S. Viccari Gatti Maria , Pessoa Júnior Adalberto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe study of biomolecules and bioparticles has achieved great advances, thus increasing the productivity with upstream improvements. Nowadays, downstream processes are the bottleneck in the production of some biopharmaceuticals, a change from the previous years' scene. Current purification platforms will reach their physical limits at some point, creating the necessity for new approaches. This article reviews an alternative method for the extraction and purification of biomolecules/bioparticles denominated asaqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs). Biocompatibility and readiness to scale up are some of the characteristics of ATPSs and we also discuss its application in the biotechnology field.
Inspection Games
Authors: Hohzaki Ryusuke 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDresher began the so‐called inspection game as a study on the treaty of arms reduction in 1962. After him, his work was extended to several branches of research fields. The first branch is inspection games for inspectors to deter illegal behaviors of violators for the compliance of treaties or laws, taking account of violators' intention, for example, the nuclear inspection by the IAEA to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and technology. The second branch is smuggling games, where Customs tries to interdict the drug smuggling by a smuggler. As the inspection game, we could regard network interdiction games, ambush games, and infiltration games. In this article, we mention those models of the inspection game.First, we review the history of researches on the inspection game. Second, we describe a basic model of the inspection game with multiple stages, which is often taken in many past researches. We modify an assumption of the basic model concerning with acquisition of information about players' opponents and consider several versions of the inspection game: a multistage game with complete information, a one‐shot game with no information, and a multistage game with incomplete information. While outlining the modeling and the formulation of each model, we describe useful methodologies to solve each game, such as difference equation, dynamic programming, and the concept of Bayesian–Nash equilibrium.
Interactive Growth Effects of Rare‐Earth Nanoparticles on Nanorod Formation in YBa2Cu3Ox Thin Films
Authors: Baca F. Javier , Haugan Timothy J. , Barnes Paul N. , Holesinger Terry G. , Maiorov Boris , Lu Rongtao , Wang Xiang , Reichart Joshua N. , Wu Judy Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe controlled growth of self‐assembled second‐phase nanostructures has been shown to be an essential tool for enhancing properties of several composite oxide thin film systems. Here, the role of Y2O3 nanoparticles on the growth of BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorods is investigated in order to understand the mechanisms governing their self‐assembly in YBa2Cu3O7–x (YBCO) thin films and to more fully control the resulting defect landscape. By examining the microstructure and current‐carrying capacity of BZO‐doped YBCO films, it is shown that the nanorod growth dynamics are significantly enhanced when compared to films double‐doped with BZO and Y2O3 nanoparticles. The average nanorod length and associated critical current densities are found to increase at a significantly higher rate in the absence of Y2O3 nanoparticles when the growth temperature is increased. Using microstructural data from transmission electron microscopy studies and the response in critical current density, the interactive effects of multiple dopants that must be considered to fully control the defect landscape in oxide thin films are shown.
Nondestructive Characterization of Graphene Defects
Authors: Ly Thuc Hue , Duong Dinh Loc , Ta Quang Huy , Yao Fei , Vu Quoc An , Jeong Hye Yun , Chae Sang Hoon , Lee Young Hee 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn effective method is reported for oxidizing graphene/copper film in which air oxidation of the underlying copper film occurs through the grain boundary lines of graphene without oxidizing graphene. This oxidation is realized by partially immersing the graphene/copper film in sodium chloride solution. Electrons generated during etching of the graphene/copper film in electrolyte diffuse into the film in contact with air, which eventually enhances air oxidation of copper through the graphene layer. While the graphene layer acts as a protective layer against oxidation of the copper film, oxidation of the underlying Cu film near graphene grain boundary lines is observed by optical microscopy. This observation could be attributed to the selective diffusion of oxygen radicals through isolated defects and graphene grain boundaries. The process involves no appreciable oxidation of the graphene layer including the graphene grain boundary, as confirmed by use of detailed Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Strong Visible‐Light Absorption and Hot‐Carrier Injection in TiO2/SrRuO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Lee Sungki , Apgar Brent A. , Martin Lane W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCorrelated electron oxides prove a diverse landscape of exotic materials' phenomena and properties. One example of such a correlated oxide material is strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3) which is known to be a metallic itinerant ferromagnet and for its widespread utility as a conducting electrode in oxide heterostructures. We observe that the complex electronic structure of SrRuO3 is also responsible for unexpected optical properties including high absorption across the visible spectrum (commensurate with a low band gap semiconductor) and remarkably low reflection compared to traditional metals. By coupling this material to a wide band gap semiconductor (TiO2) we demonstrate dramatically enhanced visible light absorption and large photocatalytic activities. The devices function by photo‐excited hot‐carrier injection from the SrRuO3 to the TiO2 and the effect is enhanced in thin films due to electronic structure changes. This observation provides an exciting new approach to the challenge of designing visible‐light photosensitive materials.
Imidazolium‐Substituted Polythiophenes as Efficient Electron Transport Materials Improving Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Kesters Jurgen , Ghoos Toon , Penxten Huguette , Drijkoningen Jeroen , Vangerven Tim , Lyons Dani M. , Verreet Bregt , Aernouts Tom , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk , Manca Jean , Maes Wouter 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the field of polymer solar cells, improving photovoltaic performance has been the main driver over the past decade. To achieve high power conversion efficiencies, a plethora of new photoactive donor polymers and fullerene derivatives have been developed and blended together in bulk heterojunction active layers. Simultaneously, further optimization of the device architecture is also of major importance. In this respect, we report on the use of specific types of electron transport layers to boost the inherent I–V properties of polymer solar cell devices, resulting in a considerable gain in overall photovoltaic output. Imidazolium‐substituted polythiophenes are introduced as appealing electron transport materials, outperforming the currently available analogous conjugated polyelectrolytes, mainly by an increase in short‐circuit current. The molecular weight of the ionic polythiophenes has been identified as a crucial parameter influencing performance.
Variation in Scrotal Color Among Widely Distributed Vervet Monkey Populations (Chlorocebus Aethiops Pygerythrus and Chlorocebus Aethiops Sabaeus)
Authors: CRAMER JENNIFER DANZY , GAETANO TEGAN , GRAY JOSEPH P. , GROBLER PAUL , LORENZ JOSEPH G. , FREIMER NELSON B. , SCHMITT CHRISTOPHER A. , TURNER TRUDY R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) exhibit bright blue scrotal skin which may function to mediate social interactions by acting as a socio‐sexual signal. Previous research on scrotal coloration among vervet monkeys was limited to experimental work on captive Ch. a. sabaeus, the least colorful vervet subspecies, and two field studies of the more colorful Ch. a. pygerythrus. In a study of free‐ranging and captive vervet monkeys in South Africa (Ch. pygerythrus), West Africa (Ch. a. sabaeus) and the Caribbean (Ch. a. sabaeus), we examined scrotal color variation across geographically distant subspecies. We provide an exploration of how digital photographs may be used to quantify and analyze blue and green skin coloration by examining the blue–yellow opponency channel and luminance channel as color measures. We found that that at all ages the scrotal color of Ch. a. pygerythrus males was always bluer and darker than that of Ch. a. sabaeus males. Among Ch. a. pygerythrus scrotal color becomes bluer and lightens with increasing age, while the color of Ch. a. sabaeus males also lightens, but becomes less blue with increasing age. We suggest that color variation is related to maturation and may function as an age‐related signal among Ch. a. pygerythrus and Ch. a. sabaeus. We also found color was related to three morphological features among adults. For Ch. a. pygerythrus, higher body weight is associated with more blue color and longer canine length is associated with lighter color. Lighter color was associated with longer body lengths among Ch. a. sabaeus. Future studies focused on color variation within age classes are needed to examine the potential signal content of color in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 75:752–762, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clay distribution and crystalline structure evolution in polyamide 6/montmorillonite composites prepared by activated anionic polymerization
Authors: Dencheva Nadya , Denchev Zlatan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTNanostructured polymer composites (NPC) based on polyamide 6 (PA6) are prepared by activated anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AAROP) of mixtures of ε‐caprolactam (ECL) and organically treated montmorillonite (o‐MMT). The polymerization is performed in bulk, at 165°C, i.e., below the melting point of the resulting APA6, the reaction time being in the range of 10–15 min. The o‐MMT content is varied in the 0.5–10% range. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that exfoliated NPC can be produced with clay loads of 0.5–1.0%. Larger clay amounts lead to various degrees of intercalation of the MMT layers. FT‐IR imaging proves that all NPCs contain MMT aggregates with sizes in the 10–20 µm range. The formation of the matrix crystalline structure is followed directly by performing AAROP of an activated ECL/o‐MMT blend in a synchrotron beamline. Irrespective of the o‐MMT type and concentration, it is the α‐PA6 that forms first and in larger amounts. The γ‐PA6 polymorph can be found in predominating amounts only after melting and recrystallization of the already produced polymer matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1228‐1238, 2013
Integrating multiple techniques to identify stock boundaries of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Balmer Brian C. , Wells Randall S. , Schwacke Lori H. , Schwacke John H. , Danielson Barbara , George R. Clay , Lane Suzanne M. , Mclellan William A. , Pabst D. Ann , Sparks Kate , Speakman Todd R. , Townsend Forrest I. , Zolman Eric S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Under US policy, a stock is a group of animals shown to be demographically independent from other such groups. Evidence of demographic delineations for marine mammal stocks is gained primarily through genetic analysis. However, additional techniques play an important role in determining fine‐scale ranging patterns that can be used to define a stock's geographic boundaries. In cases where genetic studies have not yet been performed, movement and ranging pattern data are essential in identifying a targeted geographic region for tissue sampling and genetic studies.
Photo‐identification surveys, vessel‐based radio telemetry, automated radio telemetry systems (ARTS), and satellite‐linked telemetry are sampling techniques that have been used to determine common bottlenose dolphin ranging patterns and provide detailed insight into stock boundaries. The results of near simultaneous use of these sampling techniques are compared using data from a case study of bottlenose dolphins within the estuaries of southern Georgia.
Satellite‐linked and radio telemetry were determined to be useful sampling techniques for identification of short‐term ranging patterns. Satellite‐linked telemetry had the second lowest cost per location ($122) and identified dolphin ranging patterns within and outside of the study area boundaries. Vessel‐based radio telemetry was more costly ($195 per location) and had relatively limited tracking coverage. However, this sampling technique permitted visual observations of animal and tag condition. The combination of vessel‐based radio telemetry and ARTS, which had the lowest cost per location ($34), was an effective method for determining ranging patterns of tagged individuals within and outside of the study area.
Photo‐identification surveys, relative to satellite‐linked and radio telemetry, were not as efficient for determination of targeted individuals’ short‐term ranging patterns and had the highest cost per location of the four sampling techniques ($292). However, photo‐identification is more effective than any other technique for compiling data on large numbers of individuals within a designated study area. Photo‐identification surveys are essential for long‐term monitoring and provide additional insight into dolphin stock structure that cannot be determined through telemetry alone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis with Click Chemistry: A Facile One‐Pot Approach to 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu B. T. , Reddy Virsinha , Arde Panjab , Mahesh Sriram , Anand R. Vijaya 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA combination of the oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis and click chemistry has been explored for the direct, one‐pot synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives from aromatic aldehydes. This procedure was found to be very efficient and a variety of 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives could be accessed through their corresponding propargyl esters in moderate‐to‐good yields under mild conditions.
Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Anion Recognition of Two Novel Larger Azaacenes: Benzannelated Hexazaheptacene and Benzannelated N,N′‐Dihydrohexazaheptacene
Authors: Li Gang , Wu Yuechao , Gao Junkuo , Li Junbo , Zhao Yang , Zhang Qichun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo novel larger azaacenes with six or ten N atoms in their backbones, benzannelated 9,11,13,22,24,26‐hexazatetrabenzo[a,c,l,n]heptacene (HATBH, 1) and benzannelated 9,26‐dihydro‐9,11,13,22,24,26‐hexaza‐tetrapyrido[3,2‐a: 2′,3′‐c: 3′′,2′′‐l: 2′′′,3′′′‐n]heptacene (DHATPH, 2), have been successfully synthesized in two steps. The theoretical band gaps estimated through DFT calculations for HATBH (1) and DHATPH (2) are 1.949 eV and 2.278 eV, which are close to the experimentally obtained optical band gaps (2.14 eV and 2.39 eV). Interestingly, HATBH (1) can act as efficient anion sensor for F− and H2PO4−, while DHATPH (2) selectively responds to F− among the ten different anions used (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, PF6−, HSO4−, NO3−, BF4−, AcO−, and H2PO4−). Our synthetic strategy could offer a promising and easy way to obtain even larger azaacenes.
Evaluation of vanillic acid as inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase isozyme III by using a modified Hummel–Dreyer method: approach for drug discovery
Authors: Alzweiri Muhammed , Al‐Hiari Yusuf 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTα‐3 carbonic anhydrase isozyme (CAIII) is the most abundant protein in adipocytes and considered insensitive to sulfonamide inhibitors. It was reported recently that the knock‐down of CAIII is attributed with controlling lipogenesis. Thus inhibition of this target may lead to the discovery of new therapies against obesity and insulin resistance. Vanillic acid as a small molecule with coordinating groups and has a potential to bind zinc atoms in CA binding sites. Inhibition of CAIII by vanillic acid was evaluated by Hummel–Dreyer chromatography because it provides free interaction between ligand and macromolecule and introduces solution for faulty results obtained by current colorimetric assays. HPLC system of vanillic acid produces vacancy (negative) peak representing the amount of attached vanillic acid with CAIII. It was found that vanillic acid is able to bind with CAIII through two equilibria, one at equimolar ratio and another at 2:1 (vanillic acid–CAIII) ratio. The affinity constant of equimolar binding between CAIII and vanillic acid was found to be 14,400 m−1. It was found that vanillic acid binding with CAIII is much stronger than phenol and acetazolamide (positive controls). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Alcohols and Amines by Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation, Transfer Hydrogenation, and Related Processes
Authors: Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Ahlsten Nanna , Martín‐Matute Belén 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe preparation of chiral alcohols and amines by using iridium catalysis is reviewed. The methods presented include the reduction of ketones or imines by using hydrogen (hydrogenations), isopropanol, formic acid, or formate (transfer hydrogenations). Also dynamic and oxidative kinetic resolutions leading to chiral alcohols and amines are included. Selected literature reports from early contributions to December 2012 are discussed.
Synthesis of 8‐Desmethoxy Psymberin: A Putative Biosynthetic Intermediate Towards the Marine Polyketide Psymberin
Authors: Bielitza Max , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of a putative biosynthetic precursor of psymberin including a formal synthesis of the natural product is described. The key step towards the densely functionalized tetrahydropyran core was an enantioselective catalytic Mukaiyama aldol reaction using a titanium(IV)–BINOL catalyst system. syn‐Selective reduction followed by ozonolysis led to a rapid assembly of the tetrahydropyran ring. This flexible approach also allows the synthesis of similar fragments of other complex molecules such as bryostatins and pederins. The syn‐selective coupling between the tetrahydropyran and the aromatic aldehyde was achieved using a boron‐mediated aldol reaction which was followed by further transformations to complete the synthesis of the precursor as well as the formal synthesis of the natural product.
Separation of CO2 and CH4 on CaX zeolite for use in Landfill gas separation
Authors: Oddy Sarah , Poupore Jessica , Tezel F. Handan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this study, adsorption separation of main components of landfill gas, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was carried out. Henry's law constants, limiting heat of adsorption values, pure and binary isotherms for CO2 and CH4 were determined for CaX zeolite adsorbent. Pure isotherm data were compared to those for NaX zeolite from previous studies. The CO2 adsorption capacity of CaX was greater than that of NaX; however, NaX's separation factor was higher. The heat of adsorption for CO2 for CaX was higher than those for NaX. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Experimental evidence of low rayleigh vibration on mixture during thermodiffusion experiment
Authors: Kianian Armin , Ahadi Amirhossein , Saghir M. Ziad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the influence of low Rayleigh vibration on thermodiffusion measurement in microgravity environment. The goal is to show how the variation of certain parameters such as frequency and amplitude of translational vibrations would impact the results obtained from the ISS experiment. Precisely, impact of change in low Rayleigh vibration on the separation of a component is studied for each experimental run.ISS experimental data are obtained based on optical digital interferometry in a reduced gravity environment. The experiment is done in a cubic cell containing an aqueous solution exposed to a lateral temperature gradient. A mixture of water and isopropanol of different initial concentrations with positive and negative Soret coefficient is chosen as the test fluid. Collected data are analysed by image processing. Results show maximum separation of components for the case without any forced vibration. Moreover, an increase in Rayleigh number corresponds to decrease in the separation of components.