bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Four Boat Electrofishers with Measured Electrode Resistances for Electrofishing Boats and Rafts
Authors: Martinez Patrick J. , Kolz A. Lawrence 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A misconception in the description of boat electrofishers has resulted from specifying their operational capabilities over ranges of water conductivity without any reference to the electrode configuration with which they will be used. Water conductivity alone is not the valid or most informative electrical variable for defining the operational characteristics of a boat electrofisher and its power supply, but its persistent usage has displaced the correct terminology: electrode resistance measured in ohms. Consequently, inherent design limitations and actual operating characteristics for specific boat electrofishers and their power sources as dictated by electrode resistance have remained undefined. Recognizing this dilemma, total electrode resistance (anodes plus cathodes) was measured for two electrode configurations, metal-hulled boats and inflatable whitewater rafts. Knowing the electrode resistances for these two electrofishing crafts (conductive versus nonconductive hulls) facilitated complete systems’ analyses, provided an analytical understanding of equipment settings, and identified the power capabilities for four boat electrofishers manufactured in the USA. In accordance with the equivalent electrode resistances of these two craft types, electrical load measurements were performed for four boat electrofishers (Smith-Root VVP 15B and GPP 5.0, the ETS Electrofishing MBS 1D-72A, and the Midwest Lake Electrofishing Systems MLES Infinity) to examine their pulsed-DC operational capacities over a range of simulated water conductivities. Graphical plots for each craft type provide an approximation of the range of water conductivity over which each boat electrofisher would be expected to sustain a power level that meets or exceeds power goals for successful electrofishing. This information should improve the understanding of the role of electrode resistance in dictating power demand from boat electrofishers. It should also aid in the selection of a boat electrofisher based on its capacity to sustain standardized power levels in the electrofishing craft in which they will be used and over the range of water conductivities encountered.
Received June 14, 2012; accepted October 3, 2012
Multicompartment Gravel Bed Flume to Evaluate Swim-Up Success of Salmonid Larvae
Authors: Pilgrim N. L. , Royer R. , Ripley L. , Underwood J. , Rasmussen J. B. , Hontela A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Swim-up success, the proportion of fry emerging from a gravel redd, is difficult to quantify in the field, and currently available laboratory systems are limited. We used custom-built gravel bed flumes to assess the swim-up success of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. Flumes were built with compartments to separate individual egg batches, eggs were buried under gravel, and oxygenated water was supplied to simulate upwelling through the gravel. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and flow were constant between compartments and flumes operating in parallel. Swim-up success was scored both by the emergence of fry relative to the number of eggs placed in the flume (59–85% depending on species) and the hatching success (proportion of eggs that hatch and resorb their yolk sac) of a sample from the same clutch reared in a vertical incubator (62–84% depending on species). The gravel bed flumes could be used to estimate the swim-up success of salmonid egg clutches from hatchery stocks or fish from the wild or under experimental regimes of relevance to fishery or environmental assessment, including changes in pH, siltation, temperature, toxicants, or events simulating floods or droughts.
Received July 12, 2012; accepted October 11, 2012
Comparing Habitat Suitability Indices (HSIs) Based on Abundance and Occurrence Data
Authors: Lee Pey-Yi , Suen Jian-Ping 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Suitability-based physical habitat modeling is sensitive to the choice of habitat suitability index. We compared the effects of using abundance versus occurrence data on suitability indices along environmental gradients for four fish species collected by means of prepositioned electrofishing in a mountain stream in southern Taiwan. The results indicate that abundance data provide more sensitive outcomes than occurrence data in terms of both mean values and habitat suitability. The mean values of flow velocity and water depth from the abundance data separated the four fish species into four distinct flow groups and two depth groups; the occurrence data did not produce similar groupings. Habitat suitability curves from the abundance data provided clearer outcomes than those from the occurrence data. The differences were greater for species with differential densities along environmental gradients that were related to species characteristics. Advancements in point abundance sampling methodology, such as the development of prepositioned electrofishing, provide novel opportunities to collect abundance data that can enhance suitability results.
Received April 15, 2012; accepted October 17, 2012
A novel approach for estimating phytoplankton biodiversity
Authors: Uusitalo Laura , Fleming-Lehtinen Vivi , Hällfors Heidi , Jaanus Andres , Hällfors Seija , London Lauri 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Uusitalo, L., Fleming-Lehtinen, V., Hällfors, H., Jaanus A., Hällfors, S., and London, L. 2013. A novel approach for estimating phytoplankton biodiversity – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 408–417. Maintaining biodiversity is one of the main priorities in environmental protection. The biodiversity of phytoplankton, the key primary producers in the marine ecosystem, is, however, often very difficult to estimate, since the phytoplankton assemblage includes a vast number of taxa, many of which occur in such small quantities that they may not be recorded in routine sampling. Moreover, many taxa cannot be identified to species level by routine methods such as light microscopy of preserved samples, even by a skilled taxonomist. This means that, in general, we cannot assume to have a complete list of species in the ecosystem at any given point in time. In this paper, we present an approach for evaluating phytoplankton biodiversity in spite of this challenge. Since eutrophication, which increases phytoplankton biomass, has been identified as the most important factor causing degradation of the Baltic Sea ecosystem, the proposed approach was evaluated against total phytoplankton biomass. When phytoplankton biomass was low, both low and high biodiversity values were observed, and, as the phytoplankton biomass increased, the high biodiversity values disappeared. These results were consistent both using data based on individual samples and using yearly sampling station averages.
Dark matter chaos in the Solar system
Authors: Lages J. , Shepelyansky D. L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We study the capture of Galactic dark matter particles in the Solar system produced by rotation of Jupiter. It is shown that the capture cross-section is much larger than the area of the Jupiter orbit being inversely diverging at small particle energy. We show that the dynamics of captured particles is chaotic and is well described by a simple symplectic dark map. This dark map description allows us to simulate the scattering and dynamics of 1014 dark matter particles during the lifetime of the Solar system and to determine the dark matter density profile as a function of distance from the Sun. The mass of captured dark matter in the radius of the Neptune orbit is estimated to be 2 × 1015g. The radial density of captured dark matter is found to be approximately constant behind the Jupiter orbit being similar to the density profile found in galaxies.
First Report of Bacterial Gall on Loropetalum chinense Caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi in the United States
Authors: Conner K. N. , Olive J. , Zhang L. , Jacobi J. , Putnam M. L. 
Published: January 2013

Bacterial gall symptoms were observed on Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv. in two separate commercial nurseries in South Alabama during the spring of 2012. Limb dieback and plant death was first reported by the growers. Plants with dieback symptoms had galling and irregular dark callus formation on the lower stem and lower branches. Galls were small, 0.2 to 1 cm, inconspicuous, and in some cases girdled the stem causing breakage of the main stem. In both locations, 30 to 40% of the crop was affected. Similar symptoms have been observed on L. chinense in nursery and landscape plantings in central Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia in previous years. Bacterial colonies were isolated from four plants representing two different locations. Isolates were recovered from surface sterilized symptomatic tissue on nutrient agar and King's medium B (KMB). All isolates were gram-negative and fluoresced blue-green under UV light after 48 h of growth at 28°C on KMB. One representative isolate from each site was identified as Pseudomonas savastanoi based on their fatty acid profiles (similarity index of 0.776; MIS-TSBA, version 4.0, MIDI Inc., Newark, DE) and LOPAT tests (2). The identity was confirmed by sequencing a 900-bp portion of the 16S rDNA gene, which revealed 98% similarity to the P. savastanoi type strain in NCBI (Accession No. AB021402). In greenhouse pathogenicity tests, eight Loropetalum liners were inoculated with a bacterial suspension (107 CFU/ml) of each of the two isolates. Plants were inoculated by injecting the suspension into the lower stem after wounding by puncturing with needles or slicing sections of the bark. Controls were inoculated with water. All plants inoculated with the bacteria developed gall symptoms in 8 weeks under 90% relative humidity at 30°C. The bacteria were reisolated from five inoculated plants. DNA was extracted from each isolate, amplified using primer pair 27F/1492R targeting the 16S rDNA gene (1), and sequenced. Sequences (900 bp) from all isolates shared 98 to 99% similarity to P. savastanoi type strain in GenBank (Accession No. AB021402). Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in GenBank under accessions JX915832 to 37. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial gall of L. chinense caused by P. savastanoi in the United States. Given the increasing prevalence of this disease in South Alabama, its confirmation is a significant step toward management recommendations for growers. References: (1) D. J. Lane. 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. Page 115-175 in: Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics. E. Stackebrandt and M. Goodfellow, eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1991. (2) N. W. Schaad et al. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001.
Preoperative Stroke and Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Bottle Alex , Mozid Abdul , Grocott Hilary P. , Walters Matthew R. , Lees Kennedy R. , Aylin Paul , Sanders Robert D. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background:
Data are lacking on the optimal scheduling of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery after stroke. The authors investigated the preoperative predictors of adverse outcomes in patients undergoing CABG, with a focus on the importance of the time interval between prior stroke and CABG.

Methods:
The Hospital Episode Statistics database (April 2006–March 2010) was analyzed for elective admissions for CABG. Independent preoperative patient factors influencing length of stay, postoperative stroke, and mortality, were identified by logistic regression and presented as adjusted odds ratios (OR).

Results:
In all, 62,104 patients underwent CABG (1.8% mortality). Prior stroke influenced mortality (OR 2.20 [95% CI 1.47–3.29]), postoperative stroke (OR 1.99 [1.39–2.85]), and prolonged length of stay (OR 1.31 [1.11–1.56]). The time interval between stroke and CABG did not influence mortality or prolonged length of stay. However, a longer time interval between stroke and CABG surgery was associated with a small increase in risk of postoperative stroke (OR per month elapsed 1.02 [1.00–1.04]; P = 0.047). An interaction was evident between prior stroke and myocardial infarction for death (OR 5.50 [2.84–10.8], indicating the importance of the combination of comorbidities. Prominent effects on mortality were also exerted by liver disease (OR 20.8 [15.18–28.51]) and renal failure (OR 4.59 [3.85–5.46]).

Conclusions:
The authors found no evidence that more recent preoperative stroke predisposed patients undergoing CABG surgery to suffer postoperative stroke, death, or prolonged length of stay. The combination of prior stroke and myocardial infarction substantially increased perioperative risk.
The MPK6-ERF6-ROS-Responsive cis-Acting Element7/GCC Box Complex Modulates Oxidative Gene Transcription and the Oxidative Response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Du Yanyan , Zhao Xiaoliang , Miao Yuchen , Song Chun-Peng 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been characterized as both important signaling molecules and universal stressors that mediate many developmental and physiological responses. So far, details of the transcriptional mechanism of ROS-responsive genes are largely unknown. In the study reported here, we identified seven potential ROS-responsive cis-acting elements (ROSEs) from the promoters of genes up-regulated by ROS in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We also found that the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding factor6 (ERF6) could bind specifically to the ROSE7/GCC box. Coexpression of ERF6 enhanced luciferase activity driven by ROSE7. The deficient mutants of ERF6 showed growth retardation and higher sensitivity to photodamage. ERF6 interacted physically with mitogen-activated protein kinase6 (MPK6) and also served as a substrate of MPK6. MPK6-mediated ERF6 phosphorylation at both serine-266 and serine-269 affected the dynamic alternation of the ERF6 protein, which resulted in changes in ROS-responsive gene transcription. These data might provide new insight into the mechanisms that regulate ROS-responsive gene transcription via a complex of MPK6, ERF6, and the ROSE7/GCC box under oxidative stress or a fluctuating light environment.
Association study of genetic variants of 17 diabetes‐related genes/loci and cardiovascular risk and diabetic nephropathy in the Chinese She population (中国畲族人群17个糖尿病相关基因位点的遗传变异与心血管风险和糖尿病肾病的相关性)
Authors: Chen Gang , Xu Yuan , Lin Yinghua , Lai Xiaolan , Yao Jin , Huang Baoying , Chen Zichun , Huang Huibin , Fu Xianguo , Lin Lixiang , Lai Shenghan , Wen Junping 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundGenetic determinations are important in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) pathology. We investigated associations between genetic variants of 17 diabetes‐related genes/loci, T2DM and diabetic complications in Chinese She subjects.MethodsA comprehensive gene‐based association study was conducted using 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinese She subjects with normal glucose tolerance (n = 1119), impaired glucose regulation (n = 1767), and T2DM (n = 443). We applied major abnormal Minnesota Code findings to predict cardiovascular risk and estimated glomerular filtration rate to assess kidney function.ResultsNine variants in FTO rs8050136, WFS1 rs10010131, CDKN2A/B rs10811661, KCNJ11 rs5219, CDC123/CAMK1D rs12779790, JAZF1 rs864745, SLC30A8 rs13266634, CDKAL1 rs10946398, and HHEX/IDE rs5015480 were significantly associated with T2DM (P < 0.05). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in WFS1 rs10010131, CDKN2A/B rs10811661, CDC123/CAMK1D rs12779790, JAZF1 rs864745, FTO rs8050136, and HHEX/IDE rs5015480 were associated with T2DM and impaired glucose regulation. Risk alleles in WFS1 rs10010131, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, CDKAL1 rs10946398, FTO rs8050136, KCNQ1 rs2237897, and ADAMTS9 rs4607103 were significantly associated with decreased homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐β (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, gender and body mass index, genetic variants JAZF1 rs864745, FTO rs8050136, and HHEX/IDE rs5015480 were significantly related to reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.05). Genetic variants in WFS1 rs10010131, CDKN2A/B rs10811661, CDC123/CAMID rs12779790, JAZF1 rs864745, FTO rs80501360, CDKAL1 rs10946398, and HHEX/IDE rs5015480 correlated with abnormal major Minnesota Code findings (P < 0.05).ConclusionVariants in WFS1, CDKN2A/B, KCNJ11, CDC123/CAMK1D, JAZF1, SLC30A8, FTO, CDKAL1, and HHEX/IDE genes are significantly associated with T2DM in She Chinese subjects. JAZF1, FTO, CDKAL1, and HHEX/IDE are associated with diabetic nephropathy. WFS1, CDKN2A/B, CDC123/CAMK1D, JAZF1, FTO, CDKAL1, and HHEX/IDE are associated with cardiovascular risk.
Healthcare Expenditure Profile of Older Australians: Evidence from Linked Survey and Health Administrative Data
Authors: Johar Meliyanni , Jones Glenn , Savage Elizabeth 
Published: January 2013

This article provides a comprehensive profile of individual healthcare expenditure using the 45 and Up Study of over 267,000 NSW residents linked to administrative medical service records. Individuals aged 45 and over consume two‐thirds of healthcare expenditure in Australia. We compute annual total healthcare expenditure comprising hospital admissions, emergency presentations, out‐of‐hospital medical consultations and diagnostic tests and subsidised drugs. The average annual expenditure in the sample is $4334 in 2009 dollars. Less than 3 per cent have zero expenditure. Health service mix varies with age, with the share of hospital expenditure increasing with age. The age trends of total expenditure and its components are then examined by key demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics, providing important insights into future healthcare demand and a foundation for future research into the drivers of healthcare expenditures and the distribution of health subsidies.
Systematic meta‐analysis of the risk factors for deliberate self‐harm before and after treatment for first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Challis S. , Nielssen O. , Harris A. , Large M. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveAttempted suicide and deliberate self‐injury can occur before or after presentation with a first‐episode of psychosis. The aim of the study is to identify the factors associated with suicide attempts or deliberate self‐injury before and after treatment for first‐episode psychosis.MethodA systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled studies of factors associated with either suicide attempts or deliberate self‐injury, referred to here as deliberate self‐harm (DSH).ResultsThe pooled proportion of patients who reported DSH prior to treatment for first‐episode psychosis was 18.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 14.4–23.3, N = 18 studies, I2 = 93.8). The pooled proportion of patients with DSH during the period of untreated psychosis was 9.8%, (95% CI 6.7–14.2, N = 5 studies, I2 = 58.9). The pooled proportion of patients committing DSH during periods of follow up of between 1 and 7 years was 11.4%, (95% CI, 8.3–15.5, N = 13 studies, I2 = 89.2). Categorical factors associated with an increased risk of DSH were a prior history of DSH (OR = 3.94), expressed suicide ideation (OR = 2.34), greater insight (OR = 1.64), alcohol abuse (OR = 1.68) and substance use (OR = 1.46). Continuous variables associated with an increased risk of DSH were younger age of onset (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = −0.28), younger age at first treatment (SMD = −0.18), depressed mood (SMD = 0.49) and the duration of untreated psychosis (SMD = 0.20). Depressed mood and substance use were associated with DSH both before and after treatment, negative symptoms were associated with DSH after treatment but not before treatment. Positive symptoms and social and global functioning were not associated with DSH. Younger age and the duration of untreated psychosis were associated with DSH before treatment but not after treatment.ConclusionEarlier treatment of first‐episode psychosis and successful treatment of depression and substance use could prevent some episodes of DSH and might reduce suicide mortality in early psychosis.
Comparative micro‐computed tomography evaluation of apical root canal transportation with the use of ProTaper, RaCe and Safesider systems in human teeth
Authors: Ceyhanli Kadir T. , Erdilek Necdet , Tatar İlkan , Çetintav Bekir 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare apical centring ability of nickel titanium (NiTi) ProTaper, RaCe and mainly stainless steel Safesider systems using micro‐computed tomography. Thirty freshly extracted mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and separate foramina were used for the study. Mesial roots were embedded in acrylic resin and instrumented with the ProTaper, RaCe or Safesider systems. Root canal transportation and centring ability of the instruments were evaluated using superimposed micro‐computed tomography images of the apical 4 mm of the roots taken at 1 mm intervals. One‐way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's tests were performed to compare apical transportations. Significant differences were observed between groups at the apical 1, 2 and 3 mm levels (P < 0.05). The reciprocating Safesider system transported root canals significantly more than the other two NiTi systems in the apical 1 mm level (P = 0.001) and more than RaCe system in the apical 2 mm level (P = 0.003). The ProTaper instruments caused more apical root canal transportation than did RaCe instruments at apical 3 mm (P = 0.045). NiTi instrumentation systems showed better centring ability than the mainly stainless steel Safesider system because of the flexible structure of the NiTi alloy.
Clinical comparison between the bleaching efficacy of light‐emitting diode and diode laser with sodium perborate
Authors: Koçak Sibel , Koçak Mustafa Murat , Sağlam Baran Can 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this clinical study was to test the efficacy of a light‐emitting diode (LED) light and a diode laser, when bleaching with sodium perborate. Thirty volunteers were selected to participate in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The initial colour of each tooth to be bleached was quantified with a spectrophotometer. In group A, sodium perborate and distilled water were mixed and placed into the pulp chamber, and the LED light was source applied. In group B, the same mixture was used, and the 810 nm diode laser was applied. The final colour of each tooth was quantified with the same spectrophotometer. Initial and final spectrophotometer values were recorded. Mann–Whitney U‐test and Wicoxon tests were used to test differences between both groups. Both devices successfully whitened the teeth. No statistical difference was found between the efficacy of the LED light and the diode laser.