bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It was time I could have spent better.” – the Barriers, Enablers and Recommendations for Improving Access to Financial Aid when a Child has Cancer
Authors: Lim Megumi , Cashion Christine , Senanayake Sameera , Cramb Susanna , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Bradford Natalie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
A child’s cancer diagnosis imposes both short-term and long-term stress on families. This study aimed to explore (1) the barriers and enablers in alleviating the financial impacts of a child’s cancer diagnosis and treatment, and (2) areas for improvement in financial aid as suggested by stakeholders.
Method
This qualitative study utilised semi-structured interviews with five hospital social work team members, three charity representatives, and eight parents of children treated for cancer. The interviews, which were conducted between April 2023 and January 2024, were analysed using content analysis with an inductive-deductive approach supported by Nvivo Software.
Results
Barriers to mitigating financial impacts included administrative difficulties (e.g., paperwork complexities, strict eligibility criteria, and limited support), community and psychosocial factors (e.g., cognitive burden, social and societal factors), and navigational issues (e.g., poor communication, fragmented support systems). Enablers included streamlined administrative processes, assistance with navigating and applying for financial aid, and community support for emotional refuge and respite. Suggested improvements included simplified application forms, offering automatic provision for certain financial aids upon diagnosis, providing infrastructure to support application processes, reallocating funds to increase navigator roles, providing tailored information through a centralised platform, and facilitating connections to parent support groups.
Implications for Cancer Survivors
The financial stress stemming from the uncertainty of a child’s cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming. Current support systems fall short in effectively mitigating this stress. This research provides empirical evidence for policy changes to enhance support for families, which is crucial to alleviate the multifaceted challenges they face.
Appropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration and predictors of return of spontaneous circulation in traumatic cardiac arrest
Authors: Seo Dongmin , Heo Inhae , Jung Kyoungwon , Jung Hohyung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Current evidence regarding appropriate durations of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and life-saving procedures during traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) remains debatable. Accordingly, we aimed to identify factors associated with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and appropriate CPR durations to achieve ROSC in patients with TCA.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study using a single-centre trauma registry of adult patients with TCA between January 2021 and December 2023. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify differences in baseline and outcome variables between ROSC and no-ROSC groups, while multivariable logistic regression analysis identified factors independently associated with ROSC. We determined appropriate cutoffs for pre-hospital and total CPR duration for ROSC, i.e., CPR durations with maximum sensitivity and specificity for ROSC.
Results
Of the 422 patients with TCA included, 250 were eligible for analysis. ROSC occurred in 22.4% (n = 56) of patients, while trauma bay/emergency department and in-hospital mortalities occurred in 80.8% (n = 202) and 97.2% (n = 243), respectively. ROSC-related factors included alert mental status in the field, as indicated by a verbal response (odds ratio [OR], 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–1.12; p = 0.06), pain response (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.43; p = 0.009), and unresponsive (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01–0.44; p = 0.009), as well as non-asystolic initial rhythms, including pulseless electrical activity (OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.92–9.46; p < 0.001), shockable rhythm (OR, 14.26; 95% CI, 1.44–141.54; p = 0.023), pre-hospital CPR duration (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.95), and total CPR duration (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84–0.92; p < 0.001). Upper limits of pre-hospital and total CPR durations for achieving a probability of ROSC < 1% were 23 and 30 min, respectively, while those for a cumulative portion of ROSC > 99% were 27 and 38 min, respectively.
Conclusions
CPR duration is independently and inversely associated with ROSC. To achieve ROSC, crucial time thresholds for pre-hospital and total CPR durations are 23–27 and 30–38 min, respectively. An alert mental status in the field and a non-asystolic initial cardiac rhythm are positive predictors of ROSC.
Study of triaxial loading of segregated granular assemblies through experiments and DEM simulations
Authors: Pola Venkata Rama Manoj , Annabattula Ratna Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A simple position-dependent body force-based confinement for simulating triaxial tests using the Discrete Element Method is presented. The said method is used to perform triaxial simulations on mono-disperse and segregated assemblies of glass spheres. The macroscopic load response obtained in simulations is validated with experimental load response. A mesh construction algorithm is presented to check whether the confinement applied in the triaxial simulations is accurate. The particle displacement data obtained from triaxial simulations are used to obtain a particle-wise average strain tensor. This is further used to compare the strain localisation between the mono-disperse and segregated assemblies. It is observed that, in the segregated assembly, the interface between the two particle phases acts as a barrier for strain localisation, and the smaller particles preferentially undergo a higher degree of shear strain on average.
EEG microstates as an important marker of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Si , Chi Ai-ping , Gao Li-quan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study conducts a literature search through databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and the Cochrane Library to collect case-control studies on microstates in patients with depression. Conducting bias risk assessment using Review Manager 5.4, and meta-analysis is performed using Stata 18.0 and Stata 14.0 software. This study has been registered with Prospero, CRD42024543793. Our research results suggest that the increased duration and frequency of microstate A may serve as a potential biomarker for depression. An increase parameter in microstate B is also observed when individuals experience anxiety. The duration and coverage of microstate C are closely related to rumination levels. Abnormalities in microstate D among some patients with depression may indicate the presence of comorbid conditions such as overlapping mental disorders or attention and executive function deficits. This study provides important insights into identifying the symptoms and etiology of depression by examining differences in microstates between patients with depression and healthy individuals.
Perinatal depressive symptoms: Five aspects of stability
Authors: Li Yiran , Lu Yane , Wu Liuliu , Mao Fangxiang , Zhang Xuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective: This conceptualized and examined five types of symptom stability: (a) form, (b) prevalence, (c) relative to the group, (d) relative to oneself, and (e) within-person changes.
Method: Pregnant women were recruited from outpatient centers of two comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province (n = 465). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess perinatal depressive symptoms at six time points: the first, second, and third trimesters and 42 days, three months, and six months postpartum.
Results: Symptoms of anxious depression were the most frequent and important to the depression construct during the perinatal period. Across pregnancy, four subtypes of depressive symptoms were identified, with a greater prevalence of depressive symptoms during the second and third trimesters than during the first trimester. Three subtypes of depressive symptoms were identified after delivery, with a higher prevalence at 42 days than that at three and six months. In addition, the depression construct became more coherent, there was an increase in stability relative to oneself and others, along with an increase in within-person stability.
Conclusion: The postpartum period is particularly vulnerable. Early interventions to prevent persistent or increased depressive symptoms during the perinatal period may prove promising.
Localised Astrocyte Ca2+ Activity Regulate Neurovascular Coupling Responses to Active Sensing.
Authors: Lind Barbara , Stelzner Jakob , Krogsgaard Aske , Kulkoviene Gabriele , Sperling Leonora 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) ensures sufficient and targeted blood flow during increased neuronal activity. Astrocytic participation in NVC has long been debated, likely due to the intricacy of the intracellular Ca2+ fluxes and the diversity of their regulatory capacities. As astrocyte signaling changes with brain states, we focused on their involvement in voluntary sensing in freely behaving mice. We used 2-photon microscopy to record cellular and vascular activity in the whisker barrel cortex of awake head-fixed animals. The NVC initiated by volitional whisking in the resting mouse was compared to the whisking preceding locomotion and experimenter-evoked whisker deflections. We developed an analysis method to detect early, subcellular astrocytic activity and found it corresponded with neuronal and vascular responses under all three conditions. After the depletion of noradrenaline (NA), the early astrocytic Ca2+ response to volitional whisking was only moderately reduced and primarily in astrocytic processes closest to the blood vessels. Meanwhile, the dilation of 1st order capillaries was also reduced. Together, these findings demonstrate significant disruptions in the focal regulation of cerebral blood flow, potentially limiting the sustenance of activated neurons. This disruption appeared to translate into behavioral aberrations, as NA-depleted mice exhibited an extended period of exploratory whisking prior to locomotion. Remarkably, NA-depletion did not alter cellular or blood flow responses to locomotion or experimenter-evoked whisking. Our study confirms an astrocytic contribution to NVC, which is relevant during volitional sensing. It also suggests that self-directed sensory processing depends on an appropriate NVC response, which itself depends on NA and astrocyte activity.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Powered Detection and Identification of Pressure Vessel External Damage – YOLO-based Application
Authors: Seddik E. , Hewieg M. , Afify R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Regular visual inspections of pressure vessels by qualified inspectors are vital in the oil and gas industry to ensure vessel integrity, prevent catastrophic failures, and avoid the consequences of misdiagnosis. In the present paper, a deep learning (DL) model is proposed to perform visual inspection of pressure vessels using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v8 model. Initially, binary classification is developed to diagnose whether the pressure vessel's exterior shell is in excellent condition or includes damage using a training dataset of 5000 real shell surface on-site images from the Abu Madi gas field of the PETROBEL Company, Egypt. An additional model was trained on the same dataset of binary model for multi-class identification of external damages (i.e. corrosion, painting damage, mechanical damage, or brittle fracture). Three models were compared; namely YOLO v5, YOLO v8, and YOLO v9. The highest performance model was YOLO v8. Its detection accuracy reached 93% and 91.5% for binary classification and multi-class classification models, respectively. Implementing this solution in the inspection process will result in a cost reduction since it decreases the need for scaffolding and trained inspectors. This study provides a valuable roadmap for future research on image processing-based pressure vessel damage detection.
Heparin Rebound in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery：A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Yang , Jiang Fei , Hu Shan-shan , Wang Jin-quan , Yao Yun-tai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Heparin, an anticoagulant used in cardiac surgery, can result in heparin rebound (HR), where it returns postoperatively despite being neutralized with protamine. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of HR in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and evaluate the impact of HR on their short-term outcomes.
Methods
We analyzed 503 OPCAB patients aged 31–80 years from September 2019 to June 2022, who were categorized into HR (n = 56) and Non-HR (n = 447) groups. HR was defined by a 10% increase in activated coagulation time (ACT) after heparin neutralization with protamine, bleeding over 200 mL/h, and abnormal laboratory coagulation examination results. The primary outcome was postoperative bleeding volume. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative reoperation for bleeding, allogenic blood transfusion incidences and volumes, and laboratory variables. Data were analyzed using t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Pearson’s χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests.
Results
Significant differences were observed in preoperative platelet counts (P < 0.001) and the ACT measured 2 hours post-heparin neutralization (P = 0.012). The group HR exhibited higher 24-hour bleeding volumes, increased reoperation rates, and greater total bleeding volumes (all P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Postoperative HR was found to be prevalent in OPCAB patients and increased bleeding risks. These findings indicate the need for future randomized controlled trials to confirm the impact of HR and guide patient blood management.
Integrating Clinical and Microbiological Expertise to Improve Vaginal Candidiasis Management
Authors: Karakoyun Ayşe Sultan , Unal Nevzat , Sucu Mete , Bingöl Oğuzhan , Unal Ilker , Ilkit Macit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Vaginal candidiasis (VC) is a prevalent condition among women of reproductive age and poses a significant global public health challenge. However, the disease is often diagnosed and treated without mycological information. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology, laboratory diagnostics, and antifungal susceptibility of VC. We included 300 women (100 pregnant and 200 non-pregnant) from Çukurova University Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic in Adana, Türkiye. Participants underwent a health survey and provided vaginal swab samples for microscopic examination and fungal culture. The microscopic analysis involved wet-mount and gram-stained slides, whereas fungal identification involved CHROMAgar Candida, MALDI-TOF MS, and RT-PCR HRMA. Antifungal susceptibility tests were conducted at pH 7 and pH 4 using the CLSI document M44-A2. Of the 106 women with positive fungal cultures, 92 (86.8%) were diagnosed with VC, whereas 14 (13.2%) showed Candida colonization. Among those with VC, 55.4% had acute and 44.6% had recurrent VC; a family history of allergies significantly increased the risk for both types. We recovered 115 yeast isolates, predominantly C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei. Diagnostic accuracy of CHROMAgar Candida was 91.3% for the most common isolates, and HRMA was consistent in differential diagnosis. Antifungal resistance varied with pH; susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole decreased at pH 4, whereas susceptibility to miconazole increased. Our findings underscore the need for a diagnostic algorithm and enhanced collaboration between clinicians and microbiologists to improve VC management. Recommendations include using Gram staining, CHROMAgar Candida, MALDI-TOF MS, and antifungal susceptibility tests at both pH levels.
Analyzing the influencing factors of unplanned readmission within one year after cadaveric renal transplantation
Authors: Cao Weiwei , Zhong Minghuan , Sun Zhou , Liang Guofu , Yan Fu , Liu Chao , Ma Li , Zhu Kejing , Ding Bei , Niu Yulin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To investigate the factors influencing unplanned readmission within one year following cadaveric renal transplantation. Clinical data of kidney transplant recipients from the organ transplantation department of a tertiary general hospital in Guizhou Province, collected between April 2017 and December 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Recipients were categorized into an unplanned readmission group and a non-readmission group based on whether unplanned readmission occurred within one year post-surgery. Univariate analysis and conditional backward stepwise regression was employed to identify variables, and binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent influencing factors of unplanned readmission within one year after cadaveric renal transplantation. Unplanned readmission was observed in 183 out of 479 recipients (38.20%). Univariate analysis and conditional backward stepwise regression indicated that fall risk, albumin, total protein, serum creatinine, Cystatin C, medical insurance, length of stay, rejection reaction, blood transfusion during hospitalization, occupations, smoking history, drinking history and comorbidities were associated with unplanned readmission within one year after cadaveric renal transplantation. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that rejection reaction(OR=2.323, 95%CI: 1.009-5.345), comorbidities greater than or equal to three (OR=1.887, 95%CI: 1.095-3.111), fall risk(OR=0.387, 95%CI: 0.162-0.927) , and on-the-job(OR=2.949, 95%CI: 1.789-4.862) were independent factors influencing unplanned readmission within one year after cadaveric renal transplantation.Consequently, upon discharge, medical staff should thoroughly assess the risk of unplanned readmission and develop individualized intervention plans based on these risk factors to reduce the incidence of unplanned readmissions, alleviate disease burden, and optimize the allocation of medical resources.
Cardiovascular disease management and healthcare delivery for people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review
Authors: Macklin Jillian , Samson Bethel , Zsager Alex , Ross Heather , Pinto Andrew , Gibson Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:People experiencing homelessness have increased prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD), attributable to several traditional and non-traditional risk factors. While this burden is well-known, mainstream CVD management plans and healthcare delivery have not been developed with people experiencing homelessness in mind nor tailored to their unique context. The overall objective of this work was to explore and synthesize what is known about CVD management experiences, programs, interventions, and/or recommendations specifically for people experiencing homelessness.
Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods systematic scoping review to combine qualitative and quantitative studies in a single review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework and lived experience participation. We performed a comprehensive search of OVID Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Social Sciences Index, Cochrane, and the grey literature with key search terms for homelessness, cardiovascular disease, and programs. All dates, geographic locations, and study designs were included. Articles were analyzed using conventional content analysis.
Results: We included 37 articles in this review. Most of the work was done in the USA. We synthesized articles’ findings into 1) barriers/challenges faced by people experiencing homelessness and their providers with CVD management and care delivery (competing priorities, lifestyle challenges, medication adherence, access to care, and discrimination), 2) seven international programs/interventions that have been developed for people experiencing homelessness and CVD management with learnings, and 3) practical recommendations and possible solutions at the patient encounter level (relationships, appointment priorities, lifestyle, medication), clinic organization level (scheduling, location, equipment, and multi-disciplinary partnership), and systems level (root cause of homelessness, and cultural safety).
Conclusions: There is no ‘one-size-fits all’ approach to CVD management for people experiencing homelessness, and it is met with complexity, diversity, and intersectionality based on various contexts. It is clear, however, we need to move to more practically-implemented, community-driven solutions with lived experience and community partnership at the core. Future work includes tackling the root cause of homelessness with affordable housing, exploring ways to bring cardiac specialist care to the community, and investigating the role of digital technology as an avenue for CVD management in the homeless community. We hope this review is valuable in providing knowledge gaps and future direction for health care providers, health services research teams, and community organizations.
Characterisation and prognostic impact of ZRSR2 mutations in myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Al-Kali Aref , Yacout Mahmoud , Katamesh Bahga , Jabban Yazan , He Rong , VISWANATHA David , Jevremovic Dragan , Greipp Patricia , Bessonen Kurt , Palmer Jeanne , Foran James , Saliba Antoine , Hefazi Mehrdad , Begna Kebede , Hogan William , Patnaik Mrinal , Shah Mithun , Alkhateeb Hassan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The ZRSR2 gene is a member of the spliceosome gene family which are frequently mutated in myeloid neoplasms. ZRSR2 mutations (ZRSR2m) occur in less than 5% of MDS, CMML, and AML. Our study included 164 ZRSR2m patients (98.8% males) and 98 ZRSR2wt MDS control cohort. In the ZRSR2m group, there were 53 MDS (32%), 39 CCUS (24%), 33 MPN (20%), 23 MDS/MPN overlap (14%), 15 AML (9%), and 1 MPAL (0.6%). Most MDS patients were the low blast subtype (n=37, 70%). Twenty-seven MDS patients (51%), and 23 CCUS patients (59%) had absolute monocyte count ≥0.5 x109/L and 18 of 23 MDS/MPN overlap were CMML (78%). Mutations in ZRSR2 were spread across the entire gene. The median number of co-mutations was 2, with TET2 (51%) and ASXL1 (32%) being the most common. U2AF1 and SRSF2, previously described as mutually exclusive with ZRSR2, were found in 10.4% of patients. Median overall survival (OS) was 51 months, and significantly varied among MNs (p=0.004). ZRSR2m MDS patients had better mOS than the MDS control cohort with ZRSR2wt (35 vs 22 months, p=0.013). ZRSR2m patients with isolated TET2 co-mutation and higher hemoglobin showed improved survival, while patients with RUNX1m, higher WBC count showed worse OS.
Early vs. Late Time-restricted eating: The golden key to a leaner body, balanced metabolism, and restful sleep for healthy young adults
Authors: Abuduaini Zulihumaer , Liu Chao , Chen Guofang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This randomized crossover trial evaluated the effects of early (eTRE) and late (lTRE) time-restricted eating on healthy young adults' body weight, metabolism, and sleep. The study recruited healthy participants and rigorously controlled confounders to ensure accuracy and reliability. Both eTRE and lTRE facilitated weight loss and improved metabolic markers like blood pressure and glycemic control. Notably, eTRE showed greater weight and muscle mass reduction, while lTRE stabilized body fat content. These distinct effects highlight the need for tailored TRE approaches. Neither eTRE nor lTRE significantly influenced insulin, lipids, or inflammatory markers. Intriguingly, lTRE reduced blood glucose fluctuation, aligning with its cardiovascular benefits. This novel finding underscores TRE's potential in maintaining glycemic and cardiovascular health. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into TRE's effects on body composition, metabolism, and sleep, emphasizing the need to explore optimal TRE implementations further to maximize health benefits.