bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Structural Substrates of Cognitive Procedural Learning in Alcoholic Patients Early in Abstinence
Authors: Ritz Ludivine , Segobin Shailendra , Le Berre Anne Pascale , Lannuzel Coralie , Boudehent Céline , Vabret François , Eustache Francis , Pitel Anne Lise , Beaunieux Hélène 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundProcedural learning allows for the acquisition of new behavioral skills. Previous studies have shown that chronic alcoholism is characterized by impaired cognitive procedural learning and brain abnormalities affecting regions that are involved in the automation of new cognitive procedures in healthy individuals. The goal of the present study was to investigate the brain structural substrates of cognitive procedural learning in alcoholic patients (ALs) early in abstinence.MethodsThirty‐one ALs and 31 control participants (NCs) performed the Tower of Toronto task (4 daily learning sessions, each comprising 10 trials) to assess cognitive procedural learning. We also assessed episodic and working memory, executive functions, and visuospatial abilities. ALs underwent 1.5T structural magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe initial cognitive phase was longer in the AL group than in the NC group, whereas the autonomous phase was shorter. In ALs, the longer cognitive phase was predicted by poorer planning and visuospatial working memory abilities, and by smaller gray matter (GM) volumes in the angular gyrus and caudate nucleus. ALs' planning abilities correlated with smaller GM volume in the angular gyrus.ConclusionsCognitive procedural learning was impaired in ALs, with a delayed transition from the cognitive to the autonomous phase. This slowdown in the automation of the cognitive procedure was related to lower planning abilities, which may have hampered the initial generation of the procedure to be learned. In agreement with this neuropsychological finding, a persistent relationship was found between learning performance and the GM volumes of the angular gyrus and caudate nucleus, which are usually regarded as markers of planning and initial learning of the cognitive procedure.
Heritability of Usual Alcohol Intoxication and Hangover in Male Twins: The NAS‐NRC Twin Registry
Authors: Wu Sheng‐Hui , Guo Qin , Viken Richard J. , Reed Terry , Dai Jun 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundAlcohol consumption is influenced by heritable factors. The genetic influence on usual high‐density drinking, including alcohol intoxication and hangover, is unknown. We aim to estimate the heritability of usual high‐density drinking.MethodsA total of 13,511 male twins in this cross‐sectional study were included from the National Academy of Sciences‐National Research Council (NAS‐NRC) Twin Registry. Data on the frequency of alcohol intoxication and alcohol hangover over the past year, that is, usual high‐density drinking (phenotypes), were collected through a self‐administered questionnaire when twins were middle‐aged in 1972. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the variance components of phenotypes.ResultsThe mean of the frequency of usual high‐density drinking in the entire twin population was 0.16 times per month for intoxication and 0.18 times per month for hangover. The heritability of usual alcohol intoxication was 50.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.2 to 55.0) before and 49.9% (95% CI 45.3 to 54.2) after the body mass index (BMI) adjustment. The heritability of usual hangover was 55.4% (95% CI 51.2 to 58.6) before and 54.8% (95% CI 50.6 to 58.8) after adjustment for BMI. Unshared environmental factors between co‐twins explained the remaining variance in alcohol intoxication and in hangover.ConclusionsBoth genetic and unshared environmental factors have important influences on usual alcohol intoxication and hangover. These findings are important in understanding the occurrence of and developing interventions for usual high‐density drinking.
Chronic Methylphenidate Treatment During Early Life Is Associated with Greater Ethanol Intake in Socially Isolated Rats
Authors: Gill Kathryn E. , Chappell Ann M. , Beveridge Thomas J. R. , Porrino Linda J. , Weiner Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundMethylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant prescribed to treat attention‐deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Its primary mechanism of action is in the dopamine system, alterations of which are associated with vulnerability to alcohol abuse. There are concerns that juvenile MPH treatment may influence adult drinking behavior. This study examined the interaction of MPH treatment and environmental rearing conditions, which are known to independently influence ethanol (EtOH) drinking behavior, on anxiety‐like behavior and vulnerability to alcohol abuse in a juvenile rodent model.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats were housed in enriched, standard, or isolated conditions for 4 weeks, starting at postnatal day 21. Rats were concurrently treated with 8 mg/kg/d MPH or saline, delivered via osmotic minipump. Anxiety‐like behavior was determined at the end of the treatment session, and 5 weeks later. After MPH treatment, rats were exposed to a 2‐bottle choice EtOH drinking procedure that lasted 3 weeks.ResultsEarly life chronic MPH treatment was associated with greater EtOH intake and greater EtOH preference, but only in socially isolated animals. Isolated animals had greater levels of anxiety‐like behavior than standard‐housed or enriched animals after 4 weeks of exposure to the housing conditions, a difference that persisted even after all animals had been individually housed for an additional 5 weeks and exposed to EtOH.ConclusionsThese results suggest that early life MPH treatment may increase vulnerability to EtOH drinking in adulthood in a subset of the population. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of early rearing condition for establishing long‐lasting behavioral phenotypes. Environmental histories should be considered when prescribing MPH treatment to young children.
Predictors of response to infliximab in paediatric perianal Crohn's disease
Authors: Dupont‐Lucas C. , Dabadie A. , Alberti C. , Ruemmele F. M. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundIt is reported that 27–54% of paediatric patients with perianal Crohn's disease (CD) do not respond to infliximab (IFX).AimTo identify predictors of response to IFX in paediatric perianal CD.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 101 paediatric patients treated with IFX between 2000 and 2011 for perianal CD in 22 French hospitals of the GETAID pédiatrique network was performed. Response was monitored after induction therapy and at 1 year. Complete response was defined by closure of all fistulas and complete healing of ulcers. Associations between baseline characteristics and (i) 1‐year response and (ii) time of first relapse among initial responders were tested by logistic regression and Cox model respectively.ResultsEighty‐nine patients (88%) responded to induction therapy (36 partial/53 complete). At 1 year, 76 patients (75%) were responders (22 partial/54 complete). Predictors of 1‐year response were: number of fistulas ≤1 (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.20–11.77, P = 0.03) and baseline Harvey–Bradshaw index <5 (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.10–12.60, P = 0.03). Predictors of relapse among initial responders were: CD duration <10 months (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.34–8.19, P = 0.0097) and number of fistulas >1 (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.12–6.95, P = 0.028). Combined therapy with an immunomodulator was not associated with 1‐year response or time of relapse.ConclusionThose patients with perianal Crohn's disease have better outcomes if they have less fistulas, a low baseline Harvey–Bradshaw Index or a longer duration of Crohn's disease.
The gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice: 5‐aminosalicylates are frequently used for the treatment of Crohn's disease
Authors: Schoepfer A. M. , Bortolotti M. , Pittet V. , Mottet C. , Gonvers J.‐J. , Reich O. , Fournier N. , Vader J.‐P. , Burnand B. , Michetti P. , Froehlich F. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundThere is uncertain evidence of effectiveness of 5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASA) to induce and maintain response and remission of active Crohn's disease (CD), and weak evidence to support their use in post‐operative CD.AimTo assess the frequency and determinants of 5‐ASA use in CD patients and to evaluate the physicians' perception of clinical response and side effects to 5‐ASA.MethodsData from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort, which collects data since 2006 on a large sample of IBD patients, were analysed. Information from questionnaires regarding utilisation of treatments and perception of response to 5‐ASA were evaluated. Logistic regression modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 5‐ASA use.ResultsOf 1420 CD patients, 835 (59%) were ever treated with 5‐ASA from diagnosis to latest follow‐up. Disease duration >10 years and colonic location were both significantly associated with 5‐ASA use. 5‐ASA treatment was judged to be successful in 46% (378/825) of treatment episodes (physician global assessment). Side effects prompting stop of therapy were found in 12% (98/825) episodes in which 5‐ASA had been stopped.Conclusions5‐Aminosalicylates were frequently prescribed in patients with Crohn's disease in the Swiss IBD cohort. This observation stands in contrast to the scientific evidence demonstrating a very limited role of 5‐ASA compounds in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
Do Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Worsen Outcome of Patients Referred to the Emergency Department for Deliberate Multi‐drug Exposure?
Authors: Beaune Sébastien , Curis Emmanuel , Casalino Enrique , Juvin Philippe , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIncidence of poisonings with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) is growing. SRI toxicity is considered low, but its actual impact in multi‐drug poisonings remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the consequences of SRI exposure in patients referred to the emergency department (ED) for deliberate multi‐drug exposure. Patients admitted for multi‐drug exposure involving at least one SRI were matched with patients who did not ingest any SRI, according to age, gender, type of drug and ingested doses. Features of serotonin syndrome according to Sternbach's criteria and Hunter's serotonin toxicity criteria were evaluated from records. In 4 years, 148 SRI‐exposed patients were included and compared to 296 matched controls. The SRIs mainly involved were escitalopram (22%), venlafaxine (20%), fluoxetine (19%), citalopram (15%) and paroxetine (11%). Serotonin syndrome was diagnosed in one patient, but actually occurred in five SRI‐exposed patients based on the retrospective evaluation of records. Twenty patients (14%) exhibited one or more serotonin syndrome criteria. At least two of 11 of Sternbach's criteria and two of nine of Hunter's serotonin toxicity criteria were missing in each chart. Using a conditional logistic regression analysis, seizures (p = 0.04) and serotonin syndrome (p = 0.01 based on Sternbach's criteria and p = 0.004 based on Hunter's serotonin toxicity criteria) more frequently occurred in SRI‐exposed patients. Requirement for mechanical ventilation was significantly increased (p = 0.03), although admission to the intensive care unit was not. In multi‐drug‐poisoned patients admitted to the ED, exposure to SRIs significantly increases the risk of seizures and requirement for mechanically ventilation. Diagnosis of serotonin syndrome remains insufficient justifying improved training.
Do personality traits predict outcome of psychodynamically oriented psychosomatic inpatient treatment beyond initial symptoms?
Authors: Steinert Christiane , Klein Susanne , Leweke Frank , Leichsenring Falk 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesWhether personality characteristics have an impact on treatment outcome is an important question in psychotherapy research. One of the most common approaches for the description of personality is the five‐factor model of personality. Only few studies investigated whether patient personality as measured with the NEO–Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI, Costa & McCrae [1992b]. Revised NEO‐PI‐R and NEO‐FFI. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Recources) predicts outcome. Results were inconsistent. Studies reporting personality to be predictive of outcome did not control for baseline symptoms, while studies controlling initial symptoms could not support these findings. We hypothesized that after taking into account baseline symptoms, the NEO‐FFI would not predict outcome and tested this in a large sample of inpatients at a psychosomatic clinic.DesignNaturalistic, non‐controlled study using patients' data for multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of outcome.MethodsData of 254 inpatients suffering primarily from depressive, anxiety, stress, and somatoform disorders were analysed. Personality was assessed at the beginning of therapy. For psychotherapy outcome, changes in anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), overall psychopathology (Symptom Checklist‐90‐R Global Severity Index [GSI]), and interpersonal problems (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; IIP) were measured.ResultsThe treatment resulted in significant decreases on all outcome measures corresponding to moderate to large effect sizes (HADS: d = 1.03; GSI: d = 0.90; IIP: d = 0.38). Consistent with our hypothesis, none of the personality domains predicted outcome when baseline symptoms were controlled for.ConclusionsPersonality assessment at baseline does not seem to have an added value in the prediction of inpatient psychotherapy outcome beyond initial symptoms.Practitioner pointsClinical implications

Personality dimensions overlap with symptomatic distress.

Rather than serve as predictors of outcome, the domains tapped by the NEO‐FFI reflect current psychological symptomatology in inpatients with depressive, anxiety, stress or somatoform disorders.

From a clinician's point of view monitoring individual progress by using actuarial measures is more valuable than trying to predict who will benefit from treatment using personality assessments.

Limitations of the study

Diagnostic assessment was solely based on clinical evaluation rather than structured interviews.

Twenty‐five per cent of the original sample had to be excluded due to missing data.

There was a focus on only one set of client characteristics (i.e., five‐factor model personality traits).

Assessment of personality domains in the acute phase of a mental disorder may be problematic and could have influenced findings.
Optimization of the diagnostic management of clinically suspected pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients
Authors: van der Hulle Tom , den Exter Paul L. , Mos Inge C. M. , Kamphuisen Pieter W. , Hovens Marcel M. C. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. , van Es Josien , ten Cate Hugo , Huisman Menno V. , Klok Frederikus A. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIdentical diagnostic algorithms for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) are used for hospitalized patients and outpatients, while D‐dimer levels, risk factors and pre‐test probability for PE differ, and the percentage of patients managed without computerized tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is lower in hospitalized patients. We aimed to improve the efficiency of the diagnostic algorithm by increasing the threshold of the D‐dimer, the threshold of the Wells rule and by adjustments of the Wells rule. Six‐hundred and twenty‐four hospitalized patients from two previously performed management studies with a PE prevalence of 26% were studied. Adjustments were considered to be safe when the failure rate remained <2%. By applying standard management, 8% (49/624) were managed without CTPA with a failure rate of 0·0% (0/49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0·0–7·3), and it was 1·7% (8/465; 95%CI 0·8–3·4) for all patients in whom PE was excluded at baseline. All evaluated adjustments resulted in an increase of the failure rate with very small improvements of the efficiency. Given these potentially small improvements and the increasing complexity of clinical practice if adjusted diagnostic algorithms for specific patient categories were introduced, we do not recommend further evaluation of any of the adjustments; we recommend that the standard diagnostic algorithm should continue to be applied.
Otlertuzumab (TRU‐016), an anti‐CD37 monospecific ADAPTIR™ therapeutic protein, for relapsed or refractory NHL patients
Authors: Pagel John M. , Spurgeon Stephen E. , Byrd John C. , Awan Farrukh T. , Flinn Ian W. , Lanasa Mark C. , Eisenfeld Amy J. , Stromatt Scott C. , Gopal Ajay K. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryCD37 is cell surface tetraspanin present on normal and malignant B cells. Otlertuzumab (TRU‐016) is a novel humanized anti‐CD37 protein therapeutic. Patients with relapsed or refractory follicular non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), or Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) received otlertuzumab at 20 mg/kg administered intravenously once a week for up to 8 weeks followed by 4 monthly doses. Sixteen patients were treated; median age was 62·5 years (range, 41–81), and median number of prior regimens was 4 (range, 1–7). Twelve patients were refractory to prior treatment, 5 were refractory to rituximab. The mean terminal half‐life was 9·5 days. Lymph node reduction of ≥50% by computerized tomography scan measurements was seen in 3 of 12 patients, including one FL patient who had a partial response. One WM patient had a minor response. The most frequent adverse events were neutropenia, fatigue, nausea, thrombocytopenia, diarrhoea, and peripheral oedema; most were grade 1/2. Otlertuzumab treatment appears to have been well tolerated by the patients in this study. Clinical activity was observed in this small heterogeneous cohort of highly refractory, heavily pretreated B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients. These data suggest that further clinical investigation in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma is warranted.
Two decades on: Critical GIScience since 1993
Authors: Goodchild Michael F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo meetings held in the early 1990s helped to bring about a rapprochement between the critics and proponents of GIS, and to focus research activities in what became known as critical GIScience. The motivations and conclusions of both meetings are reviewed. Since then development in GIS has been rapid, and has branched out in many new directions that call for their own assessment and critique. Six such directions are reviewed. The paper ends with a call for a newly energized critical GIScience that can address many of the issues raised in the past two decades, while continuing to work on issues that were already known in the early 1990s.
New lines? Enacting a social history of GIS
Authors: Wilson Matthew W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the 20 years that have passed since the fabled Friday Harbor meetings of November 1993, where GIS practitioners and critical human geographers agreed to a cease‐fire, the GIS & Society agenda has been reflected upon, pushed forward, and diffracted in few (but intellectually significant) arenas. Critical, participatory, public participation, and feminist GIS have given way more recently to qualitative GIS, GIS and non‐representational theory, and the spatial digital humanities. Traveling at the margins of these efforts has been a kind of social history of mapping and GIS. And while GIScience has been conversant and compatible with many of these permutations in the GIS & Society agenda, a social history of mapping and GIS (as signaled most directly by John Pickles in ) has perhaps the least potential for tinkering with GIScience practice (see conversation between Agnieszka Leszczynski and Jeremy Crampton in 2009). Perhaps this disconnect is growing, as can be witnessed in the feverish emergence of a “big data” analytics/visualization perspective within the contemporary GISciences (alongside the growth of funding paths around cyberinfrastructure). What then is the relevance and role of a social history of GIS for GIScience practice? In this viewpoint, I sketch and reflect upon a diversity of efforts that address this question.
Child Care Subsidies and the School Readiness of Children of Immigrants
Authors: Johnson Anna D. , Han Wen‐Jui , Ruhm Christopher J. , Waldfogel Jane 
Published: August 2014

This study is the first to test whether receipt of a federal child care subsidy is associated with children of immigrants' school readiness skills. Using nationally representative data (n ≈ 2,900), this study estimates the associations between subsidy receipt at age 4 and kindergarten cognitive and social outcomes, for children of immigrant versus native‐born parents. Among children of immigrants, subsidized center‐based care (vs. subsidized and unsubsidized home‐based care) was positively linked with reading. Among children of native‐born parents, those in subsidized center care displayed poorer math skills than those in unsubsidized centers, and more externalizing problems than those in unsubsidized home‐based care.
Clinical risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qu Hui , Sun Guo‐rui , Liu Yao , He Qing‐si 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundProphylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) in clinically node‐negative patients remains controversial, and predictive factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are not well defined. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to quantify the clinicopathologic factors predictive for CLNM in patients with PTC.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus and Wanfang Database) for studies published until July 2014 was performed. Cohort, case–control studies and randomized controlled trials that examined clinical risk factors of CLNM were included.ResultsTwenty‐five studies (4 prospective and 21 retrospective studies) involving 7,719 patients met final inclusion criteria. From the pooled analyses, male gender (OR 1·93, 95% CI 1·40 to 2·64), tumour multifocality (OR 1·93, 95% CI 1·62 to 2·30), tumour size >0·5 cm (OR 3·48, 95% CI 2·24 to 5·41), capsular invasion (OR 1·91, 95% CI 1·36 to 2·67), extrathyroidal extension (OR 2·42, 95% CI 1·58 to 3·71), lymphovascular invasion (OR 13·29, 95% CI 5·61 to 31·48) and lateral lymph node metastasis (OR 14·33, 95% CI 5·34 to 38·50) were significantly associated with increased risk of CLNM, while age >45 years (OR 0·65, 95% CI 0·51 to 0·83) and lymphocytic thyroiditis (OR 0·70, 95% CI 0·53 to 0·92) resulted in decreased risk of CLNM. Bilaterality and tumour location were not significantly associated with CLNM development (all P > 0·05).ConclusionsOur analysis identified several clinicopathologic factors associated with CLNM. These findings may guide the necessity and extent of prophylactic CLND and ultimately improve the outcomes of patients with PTC.