bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global contribution of statistical control charts to epidemiology monitoring: A 23-year analysis with optimized EWMA real-life application on COVID-19
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Xu Song Hua , Usman Aslam Muhammad , Hussain Sajid , Shahzad Khurram , Masengo Gilbert 
Published: July 2024

Control charts help epidemiologists and healthcare professionals monitor disease incidence and prevalence in real time, preventing outbreaks and health emergencies. However, there remains a notable gap in the comprehensive exploration and application of these techniques, particularly in the context of monitoring and managing disease outbreaks. This study analyses and categorizes worldwide control chart applications from 2000 to 2023 in outbreak monitoring in over 20 countries, focusing on corona-virus (COVID-19), and chooses optimal control charts for monitoring US COVID-19 death waves from February 2020 to December 2023. The systematic literature review analyzes available 35 articles, categorizing data by year, variable, country, study type, and chart design. A selected optimal chart is applied to monitor COVID-19 death patterns and waves in the USA. Control chart adoption in epidemiology monitoring increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with annual patterns showing a rise in 2021 to 2023 (18%, 36%, 41%). Important variables from 2000 to 2019 include influenza counts, Salmonella cases, and infection rates, while COVID-19 studies focus more on cases, infection rates, symptoms, and deaths. Among 22 countries, the USA (29%) is the top applier of control charts. The monitoring of USA COVID-19 deaths reveals 8 waves with varying severity

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associated with the JN.1 variant, highlights ongoing challenges. This study emphasizes the significance of control charts in outbreak monitoring for early disease diagnosis and intervention. Control charts help healthcare workers manage epidemics using data-driven methods, improving public health. COVID-19 mortality analysis emphasizes their importance, encouraging worldwide use.
Assessing the efficacy of a graded pulmonary rehabilitation protocol in mechanically ventilated patients following brainstem hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Weijuan , Xu Bin , Zhao Lin , Guo Anna , Zhang Min , Lin Zheng 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The objective of this study is to assess the impact of an early-graded pulmonary rehabilitation training program on patients undergoing mechanical ventilation due to brainstem hemorrhage.

Methods:
Eighty patients receiving mechanical ventilation due to brainstem hemorrhage at our hospital’s neurosurgery department between August 2022 and October 2023 were enrolled as participants. A sampling table was generated based on the order of admission, and 80 random sequences were generated using SPSS software. These sequences were then sorted in ascending order, with the first half designated as the control group and the second half as the intervention group, each comprising 40 cases. The control group received standard nursing care for mechanical ventilation in brainstem hemorrhage cases, while the intervention group underwent early-graded pulmonary rehabilitation training in addition to standard care. This intervention was conducted in collaboration with a multidisciplinary respiratory critical care rehabilitation team. The study compared respiratory function indices, ventilator weaning success rates, ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence, mechanical ventilation duration, and patient discharge duration between the 2 groups.

Results:
The comparison between patients in the observation group and the control group regarding peak expiratory flow and maximum inspiratory pressure on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 revealed statistically significant differences (P < .05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant interaction between the main effect of intervention and the main effect of time (P < .05). The success rate of ventilator withdrawal was notably higher in the observation group (62.5%) compared to the control group (32.5%), with a statistically significant difference (P < .05). Moreover, the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was significantly lower in the observation group (2.5%) compared to the control group (17.5%) (P < .05). Furthermore, both the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization were significantly shorter in the observation group compared to the control group (P < .05).

Conclusion:
Early-graded pulmonary rehabilitation training demonstrates effectiveness in enhancing respiratory function, augmenting the ventilator withdrawal success rate, and reducing both the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization in mechanically ventilated patients with brainstem hemorrhage. These findings suggest the potential value of promoting the application of this intervention in clinical practice.
Attenuated adenomatous polyposis with MSH6 variation: Two case reports
Authors: Ha Gi Won , Lee Min Ro , Ahn Ae Ri , Chung Myoung Ja , Kim Kyoung Min 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Adenomatous polyposis (AP) is a genetic disorder characterized by the occurrence of numerous adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum and can be classified into classical AP and attenuated AP (AAP). AAP is diagnosed when the number of observed adenomas is between 10 and 99. The detection of AAP is significantly increasing mainly due to the improvement of the imaging technique and application of the screening program for colorectal cancer detection. Currently, the germline variations of the APC and MUTYH genes are reported as the main cause of classical AP. However, the underlying genetic basis of AAP is not well understood. In this study, we report 2 cases of AAP with MSH6 variations.

Patient concerns:
Both patients visited the hospital after multiple polyps were detected during colonoscopies conducted as part of their health checkups.

Diagnoses:
The 2 patients were diagnosed with AAP through colonoscopic examination at our hospital.

Interventions:
The 2 received genetic consultation; and, for follow-up purposes, both patients agreed to be tested for an underlying genetic condition through next generation sequencing. And germline MSH6 variations were detected in both AAP patients.

Outcomes:
There was no recurrence for both patients for 3 years follow-up.

Lessons:
Minor portion of AAP can cause by genetic mutation in MSH6, and further research is needed.
Effects of perioperative application of esketamine on postpartum depression in cesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Baoyu , Tao Xinyi , Qi Yanyu , Cao Hong , Cao Qianqian , Zhou Zhixia , Wang Shoushi 
Published: July 2024

Background:
To evaluate the effect of perioperative esketamine administration on postpartum depression in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section.

Methods:
Data sources was PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to February 1, 2024. Randomized controlled trials in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section were selected and compared to the use of esketamine in the perioperative period. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of postpartum maternal depression. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used. Data pooled by random-effects models are presented as risk ratios (RR) (95% confidence intervals, 95% CI) or mean differences (95% CI). This review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023431197).

Results:
We included 8 studies with a total of 1655 participants. The quality of the studies was rated high or unclear. Seven studies involving 1485 participants reported the incidence of postpartum depression. Compared with pregnant women undergoing cesarean section without the use of esketamine, those using esketamine in the perioperative period showed a 48% decreased risk of developing postpartum depression (RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35–0.79) and a 1.43-point reduction in EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) (mean difference: −1.43, 95% CI: −2.32 to −0.54). For immediate intraoperative adverse reactions, the application of esketamine caused maternal nausea and vomiting (RR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.22–3.81), dizziness (RR: 6.11, 95% CI: 1.49–24.98), and hallucinations (RR: 6.83, 95% CI: 1.57–29.68) compared to no esketamine use.

Conclusions:
Perioperative use of esketamine in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section may reduce postpartum depression and increase intraoperative adverse reactions, but has no significant effect on postoperative adverse reactions.
Ideal strategy for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Kavitt Robert T. , Gralnek Ian M. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Over 300 000 hospital admissions in the United States each year are due to patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (UGIB). Common etiologies of nonvariceal UGIB include peptic ulcers, mucosal erosions of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, Mallory-Weiss tears, Dieulafoy lesions, upper GI tract malignancy, or other etiology.

Recent findings
Peptic ulcers classified as Forrest Ia, Ib, or IIa require endoscopic hemostasis, while IIb ulcers may be considered for endoscopic clot removal with endoscopic treatment of any underlying major stigmata. Endoscopic hemostasis for ulcers classified as Forrest IIc or III is not advised due to the low risk of recurrent bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis in ulcer bleeding can be achieved using injection, thermal, and/or mechanical modalities.

Summary
This review focuses on the currently recommended endoscopic therapies of patients presenting with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Immune markers of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Lee Peter J. , Papachristou Georgios I. , Speake Cate , Lacy-Hulbert Adam 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Acute pancreatitis is a common acute inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, and its incidence has been increasing worldwide. Approximately 10% of acute pancreatitis progresses to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which carries significant morbidity and mortality. Disordered immune response to pancreatic injury is regarded as a key event that mediates systemic injury in SAP. In this article, we review recent developments in immune biomarkers of SAP and future directions for research.

Recent findings
Given the importance of the NLRP3-inflammasome pathway in mediating systemic inflammatory response syndrome and systemic injury, recent studies have investigated associations of SAP with systemic levels of activators of NLRP3, such as the damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) for the first time in human SAP. For example, circulating levels of histones, mitochondrial DNAs, and cell free DNAs have been associated with SAP. A panel of mechanistically relevant immune markers (e.g., panel of Angiopoeitin-2, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-8 (IL-8), resistin and sTNF-α R1) carried higher predictive accuracies than existing clinical scores and individual immune markers. Of the cytokines with established relevance to SAP pathogenesis, phase 2 trials of immunotherapies, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibition and stimulation of IL-10 production, are underway to determine if altering the immunologic response can reduce the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Summary
Circulating systemic levels of various DAMPs and a panel of immune markers that possibly reflect activities of different pathways that drive SAP appear promising as predictive biomarkers for SAP. But larger multicenter studies are needed for external validation. Studies investigating immune cellular pathways driving SAP using immunophenotyping techniques are scarce. Interdisciplinary efforts are also needed to bring some of the promising biomarkers to the bedside for validation and testing for clinical utility. Studies investigating the role of and characterization of altered gut-lymph and gut-microbiota in severe AP are needed.
Has the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Played a Role in the Early Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Children?
Authors: Eryilmaz Polat Sanem , Akyan Soydaş Şule Selin , Ocak Ece , Gençoğlu Murat Yasin , Uytun Salih , Özkan Tabakci Sati , Kürtül Meltem , Bilgiç Işil , Kaşikçi Merve , Ademhan Tural Dilber , Tuğcu Gökçen Dilşa , Cinel Güzin 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Pulmonary embolism (PE) poses a significant threat to children, and nonspecific symptoms lead to delayed diagnosis. The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased the complexity as it is associated with similar symptoms and increased risk of thrombotic complications. This study aimed to assess the risk factors, clinical presentations, and diagnostic features of PE in pediatric patients and to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with PE.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective descriptive study examining the clinical and diagnostic data of 44 pediatric patients with radiologically confirmed PE. The study compared and analyzed patients diagnosed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
In the study, 21 of 44 pediatric patients were diagnosed in the 4 years before the COVID-19 pandemic, and 23 were diagnosed with PE during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean time to diagnosis was 8 (2 to 14) days before the pandemic and 1 (1 to 2) days during the pandemic (P < 0.001). The most common associated condition in both groups was infection (65.9%). Dyspnea (65.9%) and tachypnea (50.0%) were common symptoms. Except for deep vein thrombosis, there were no significant differences according to associated conditions between the groups (P = 0.001). Pulmonary emboli were anatomically detected using computed tomography angiography, showing bilateral involvement in 45.4% of patients, segmental artery involvement in 38.6%, and main artery involvement in 15.9%.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic heightened suspicion of pediatric PE and accelerated diagnosis. Standardized diagnostic guidelines are increasingly necessary to balance accurate diagnosis with avoiding excessive imaging.
Using Implementation Science to Improve Short Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Outcomes
Authors: Hook Mary , Woda Aimee , Bohr Kelsey , Ford Cailin , Singh Maharaj 
Published: July 2024

Short peripheral intravenous catheters (short PIVCs) are commonly used in acute care, guided by evidence-based policy with interventions to limit premature failure. Research on how nurses use evidence and change processes to optimize outcomes is needed. The study objective was to use a theory-based implementation science approach to evaluate and improve short PIVC insertion and care processes and reduce removals for adverse outcomes in acute care. This mixed-methods study was conducted with inpatient nursing units (n = 23) at a large urban quaternary medical center. Units identified and implemented one PIVC care intervention that could lower catheter removals for adverse outcomes over 3 months. Data from multiple sources were convergently analyzed to evaluate process and outcomes postintervention. Although overall frequency of PIVC removals for adverse outcomes was unchanged, several units improved their outcomes using implementation strategies. The determinant framework provides a plausible explanation for the study results. While adverse outcome rates remained below published rates, some units had limited success improving outcomes with traditional change strategies. Implementation strategies and readily accessible data can offer nursing units a new approach to effectively deploy, monitor, and maintain interventions to achieve improved outcomes.
Navigating test accuracy metrics used in diagnostic evaluation
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Zar Lubna A. , Doi Suhail A. , Chivese Tawanda , Khan Muhammad N. , Khaled Salma M. , Babu Giridhara R. , Farooqui Habib Hasan 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Accurate diagnosis stands as the cornerstone of effective medical practice, influencing treatment decisions and patient outcomes. Additionally, grasping basic statistical concepts behind diagnostic tests is crucial for clinicians to interpret results accurately and make informed clinical judgments. This article discusses the evolution and application of diagnostic indices, using a clinical example to apply fundamental concepts.

Recent findings
Advances in our understanding of statistical methods are giving rise to new interpretations of diagnostic indices, altering how we relate them to test performance. These new metrics reveal previously unnoticed details within existing diagnostic measures. Consequently, these developments have been discussed and will help to increase understanding of their interpretation and utility in clinical settings.

Summary
This article provides a concise overview of the latest updates on diagnostic indices and stresses the importance of an updated understanding of their inter-connectedness and interpretation for optimal application to evidence-based care.
Fully Automatic Quantitative Measurement of Equilibrium Radionuclide Angiocardiography Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ha Sejin , Seo Seung Yeon , Park Byung Soo , Han Sangwon , Oh Jungsu S. , Chae Sun Young , Kim Jae Seung , Moon Dae Hyuk 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to generate deep learning–based regions of interest (ROIs) from equilibrium radionuclide angiography datasets for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurement.

Patients and Methods
Manually drawn ROIs (mROIs) on end-systolic and end-diastolic images were extracted from reports in a Picture Archiving and Communications System. To reduce observer variability, preprocessed ROIs (pROIs) were delineated using a 41% threshold of the maximal pixel counts of the extracted mROIs and were labeled as ground-truth. Background ROIs were automatically created using an algorithm to identify areas with minimum counts within specified probability areas around the end-systolic ROI. A 2-dimensional U-Net convolutional neural network architecture was trained to generate deep learning–based ROIs (dlROIs) from pROIs. The model’s performance was evaluated using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Bland-Altman plots were used to assess bias and 95% limits of agreement.

Results
A total of 41,462 scans (19,309 patients) were included. Strong concordance was found between LVEF measurements from dlROIs and pROIs (CCC = 85.6%; 95% confidence interval, 85.4%–85.9%), and between LVEF measurements from dlROIs and mROIs (CCC = 86.1%; 95% confidence interval, 85.8%–86.3%). In the Bland-Altman analysis, the mean differences and 95% limits of agreement of the LVEF measurements were −0.6% and −6.6% to 5.3%, respectively, for dlROIs and pROIs, and −0.4% and −6.3% to 5.4% for dlROIs and mROIs, respectively. In 37,537 scans (91%), the absolute LVEF difference between dlROIs and mROIs was <5%.

Conclusions
Our 2-dimensional U-Net convolutional neural network architecture showed excellent performance in generating LV ROIs from equilibrium radionuclide angiography scans. It may enhance the convenience and reproducibility of LVEF measurements.
Atypical Presentation of Gall Bladder Adenocarcinoma as Paraneoplastic Myeloneuropathy
Authors: Majeed Althaf K. , Datta Deepanksha , Aggarwal Divya , Panda Bijayalaxmi , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are a rare, heterogeneous group of complications associated with malignancy, unrelated to direct tumor invasion or metastasis. They are the remote effects of a malignancy owing to immune-mediated reaction toward the antigens that are common to both the malignant and normal cells. Few paraneoplastic syndromes are reported with gall bladder cancer. However, neurological symptoms are infrequent. Here we share an interesting case of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder with initial presentation as a paraneoplastic noncompressing myeloneuropathy.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Use in Glioma Management
Authors: McBriar Joshua D. , Shafiian Neeva , Scharf Stephen , Boockvar John A. , Wernicke A. Gabriella 
Published: July 2024

Background
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound metallopeptidase highly expressed in the neovasculature of many solid tumors including gliomas. It is a particularly enticing therapeutic target due to its ability to internalize, thereby delivering radioligands or pharmaceuticals to the intracellular compartment. Targeting the neovasculature of gliomas using PSMA for diagnosis and management has been a recent area of increased study and promise. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current state and future directions of PSMA use in the histopathologic study, imaging, and treatment of gliomas.

Methods
PubMed and Scopus databases were used to conduct a literature review on PSMA use in gliomas in June 2023. Terms searched included “PSMA,” “Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen” OR “PSMA” OR “PSMA PET” AND “glioma” OR “high grade glioma” OR “glioblastoma” OR “GBM.”

Results
Ninety-four publications were screened for relevance with 61 studies, case reports, and reviews being read to provide comprehensive context for the historical, contemporary, and prospective use of PSMA in glioma management.

Conclusions
PSMA PET imaging is currently a promising and accurate radiographic tool for the diagnosis and management of gliomas. PSMA histopathology likely represents a viable tool for helping predict glioma behavior. More studies are needed to investigate the role of PSMA-targeted therapeutics in glioma management, but preliminary reports have indicated its potential usefulness in treatment.
Increased Uptake of 18F-THK5351 in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioblastoma But Not in Meningioma
Authors: Mitamura Katsuya , Norikane Takashi , Yamamoto Yuka , Miyake Keisuke , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

18F-THK5351 demonstrates a strong binding affinity and selectivity for tau. However, off-target binding with monoamine oxidase-B enzyme, highly expressed in the outer mitochondrial membranes of astrocytes, is possible. In a case with isocitrate dehydrogenase–wildtype glioblastoma, 11C-MET PET and 18F-THK5351 PET exhibited increased uptake in the tumor. Conversely, in another case with intracranial meningioma, MET PET revealed increased uptake in the tumor, whereas 18F-THK5351 PET showed no abnormal uptake in the tumor. However, it is challenging to distinguish meningiomas from glioblastomas on MRI. 18F-THK5351 PET might help differentiate between isocitrate dehydrogenase–wildtype glioblastoma and meningioma.
18F-FDG PET/CT of Benign Tracheal Schwannoma
Authors: Lu Kai-yu , Cheng You , Jiang Zhen-Peng , Shao Dan , Wang Si-yun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Schwannoma is a benign tumor originating from Schwann cells. It commonly occurs in the head, neck, and extremities, but rarely occurs in the trachea. Tracheal schwannoma is usually asymptomatic. We reported the 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of a 61-year-old man with bronchoscopically biopsy-proven schwannoma, which presented challenges in differentiation from certain benign tumors and low-grade malignancies in the trachea.