bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective associations of eating behaviors with weight gain in infants
Authors: Shepard Desti N. , Chandler‐Laney Paula C. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo examine whether maternal reports of infant eating behaviors are stable over time and whether eating behaviors are prospectively associated with weight gain.MethodsIn an ongoing study of infant growth, weight and length were measured at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 5 months of age. Food responsiveness (FR), satiety responsiveness (SR), enjoyment of feeding (EF), and slow eating (SE) were assessed with the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine changes in eating behaviors from 2 weeks to 5 months. Simple Pearson correlations examined associations among eating behaviors across time and associations of eating behaviors with subsequent change in weight‐for‐length z‐scores.ResultsAmong 31 infants studied from 2 weeks to 3 months, FR and SR remained consistent (P < 0.05), and among 21 infants studied from 3 to 5 months, FR, EF, and SE were consistent (P < 0.01). Infants ate more quickly (P < 0.01) and tended to have greater SR with age (P = 0.09). Only SE at 3 months was associated with subsequent gain in weight‐for‐length (P < 0.05).ConclusionsConsistent with previous research, SE was predictive of weight gain during infancy. Given that eating behaviors were largely consistent after 3 months of age, it may be important to encourage the development of healthy eating behaviors during early infancy.
Tributyltin differentially promotes development of a phenotypically distinct adipocyte
Authors: Regnier Shane M. , El‐Hashani Essam , Kamau Wakanene , Zhang Xiaojie , Massad Nicole L. , Sargis Robert M. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveEnvironmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. Evidence implicates various EDCs as being proadipogenic, including tributyltin (TBT), which activates the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ). However, the conditions required for TBT‐induced adipogenesis and its functional consequences are incompletely known.MethodsThe costimulatory conditions necessary for preadipocyte‐to‐adipocyte differentiation were compared between TBT and the pharmacological PPARγ agonist troglitazone (Trog) in the 3T3‐L1 cell line; basal and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake were assessed using radiolabeled 2‐deoxyglucose.ResultsTBT enhanced expression of the adipocyte marker C/EBPα with coexposure to either isobutylmethylxanthine or insulin in the absence of other adipogenic stimuli. Examination of several adipocyte‐specific proteins revealed that TBT and Trog differentially affected protein expression despite comparable PPARγ stimulation. In particular, TBT reduced adiponectin expression upon maximal adipogenic stimulation. Under submaximal stimulation, TBT and Trog differentially promoted adipocyte‐specific gene expression despite similar lipid accumulation. Moreover, TBT attenuated Trog‐induced adipocyte gene expression under conditions of cotreatment. Finally, TBT‐induced adipocytes exhibited altered glucose metabolism, with increased basal glucose uptake.ConclusionsTBT‐induced adipocytes are functionally distinct from those generated by a pharmacological PPARγ agonist, suggesting that obesogen‐induced adipogenesis may generate dysfunctional adipocytes with the capacity to deleteriously affect global energy homeostasis.
Validation of a semiconductor next‐generation sequencing‐based protocol for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of reciprocal translocations
Authors: Bono S. , Biricik A. , Spizzichino L. , Nuccitelli A. , Minasi M. G. , Greco E. , Spinella F. , Fiorentino F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to validate a semiconductor next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based method to detect unbalanced chromosome translocation in preimplantation embryos.MethodsThe study consisted of a blinded retrospective evaluation with NGS of 145 whole‐genome amplification products obtained from biopsy of cleavage‐stage embryos or blastocysts, derived from 33 couples carrying different balanced translocations. Consistency of NGS‐based copy number assignments was evaluated and compared with the results obtained by array‐comparative genomic hybridization.ResultsReliably identified with the NGS‐based protocol were 162 segmental imbalances derived from 33 different chromosomal translocations, with the smallest detectable chromosomal segment being 5 Mb in size. Of the 145 embryos analysed, 20 (13.8%) were balanced, 43 (29.6%) were unbalanced, 53 (36.5%) were unbalanced and aneuploid, and 29 (20%) were balanced but aneuploid. NGS sensitivity for unbalanced/aneuploid chromosomal call (consistency of chromosome copy number assignment) was 99.75% (402/403), with a specificity of 100% (3077/3077). NGS specificity and sensitivity for unbalanced/aneuploid embryo call were 100%.ConclusionsNext‐generation sequencing can detect chromosome imbalances in embryos with the added benefit of simultaneous comprehensive aneuploidy screening. Given the high level of consistency with array‐comparative genomic hybridization, NGS has been demonstrated to be a robust high‐throughput technique ready for clinical application in preimplantation genetic diagnosis for chromosomal translocations, with potential advantages of automation, increased throughput and reduced cost. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life‐history attributes and resource dynamics determine intraspecific home‐range sizes in Carnivora
Authors: Duncan Clare , Nilsen Erlend B. , Linnell John D. C. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHome ranges capture a fundamental aspect of animal ecology, resulting from interactions between metabolic demands and resource availability. Yet, the understanding of their emergence is currently limited by lack of consideration of the covariation between intrinsic and extrinsic drivers. We analysed intraspecific home‐range size (HRS) variation with respect to life histories and remotely sensed proxies of resource dynamics for 21 Carnivora species. Our best model explained over half of the observed variability in intraspecificHRSacross populations of multiple species. At the species level, medianHRSwas smaller for omnivorous species and increased with increasing body mass (modelR2 = 0.66). Here,HRSscaled with body mass at 0.80, a value much closer to the expected allometric scaling of 0.75 than previously reported. At the intraspecific level, while much variation was driven by intrinsic factors (body mass, diet, social organization and sex;R2 = 0.39), inclusion of spatiotemporal variation in extrinsic factors (average resource availability and seasonality) enabled explanation of a further 13% of observed variability inHRS. We found no evidence for interactions between intrinsic and extrinsicHRSdrivers, suggesting a generally ubiquitous influence of resource availability on space‐use. Our findings illustrate how spatial and temporal information on resource dynamics as derived by satellite data can significantly improve our understanding ofHRSvariation at the interspecific and intraspecific levels, and urge caution in interpretingHRSallometry in the face of large intraspecific variation. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of considering life‐history constraints in modelling intraspecific space‐use andHRS.
170 Jahre Großherzoglich Badische Staats‐Eisenbahn. Vier Brücken – ein Standort
Authors: Boeyng Ulrich 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVier verschiedene Eisenbahnbrücken führten seit 1844 und die jüngste bis zum heutigen Tag über die Kinzig in Offenburg. Sie alle zeugen von der Geschichte der Großherzoglich Badischen Staats‐Eisenbahn, an ihnen lässt sich der technische Fortschritt im Brückenbau darstellen, und zugleich spielten alle eine wichtige Rolle im Schicksal der Stadt.170 years of Grand Ducal‐Baden State Railways – Four bridges – one Place. Four different railway bridges crossed since 1844 up to the present day the Kinzig River in Offenburg, Germany. They bear witness to the history of the Grand Ducal‐Baden State Railways, they represent technological progress in bridge building and at the same time they played an important role in the fate of the city.
Bayesian wombling: finding rapid change in spatial maps
Authors: Gelfand Alan E. , Banerjee Sudipto 
Published: August 2015

In spatial analysis, typically we specify a region of interest and consider a spatial surface over the region. It is often of interest to ascertain where the surface is changing rapidly. Identifying locations or curves where there is rapid change is referred to as wombling. The surface may arise continuously over the region or discretely, in which case values are provided for a collection of areal units. In either setting, algorithmic strategies are available to attempt to identify so‐called wombling boundaries. In this study, the surfaces of interest are all assumed to be random, realizations of a Gaussian process in the continuous case, of a Markov random field in the discrete case. With specifications given as stochastic models, we discuss Bayesian approaches to implement desired boundary analysis. We refer to this as Bayesian wombling and show how fully model‐based inference can be carried out, including assessment of uncertainty. The approach for the continuous case is more theoretically demanding (expected with an uncountable set of locations) but yields elegant distribution theory. The discrete case is more straightforward. Each case is illustrated with a brief example. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:307–315. doi: 10.1002/wics.1360This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Reduction of l-phenylalanine in protein hydrolysates using l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Rhodosporidium toruloides
Authors: Castañeda María Teresita , Adachi Osao , Hours Roque Alberto 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.25) from Rhodosporidium toruloides was utilized to remove l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) from different commercial protein hydrolysates. A casein acid hydrolysate (CAH, l-Phe ~2.28 %) was employed as a model substrate. t-Cinnamic acid resulting from deamination of l-Phe was extracted, analyzed at λ = 290 nm, and used for PAL activity determination. Optimum reaction conditions, optimized using successive Doehlert design, were 35 mg mL−1 of CAH and 800 mU mL−1 of PAL, while temperature and pH were 42 °C and 8.7, respectively. Reaction kinetics of PAL with CAH was determined under optimized conditions. Then, removal of l-Phe from CAH was tested. Results showed that more than 92 % of initial l-Phe was eliminated. Similar results were obtained with other protein hydrolysates. These findings demonstrate that PAL is a useful biocatalyst for l-Phe removal from protein hydrolysates, which can be evaluated as potential ingredients in foodstuffs for PKU patients.
4-Methoxy-α-PVP: in silico prediction, metabolic stability, and metabolite identification by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Ellefsen Kayla N. , Wohlfarth Ariane , Swortwood Madeleine J. , Diao Xingxing , Concheiro Marta , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances are continuously developed to circumvent legislative and regulatory efforts. A new synthetic cathinone, 4-methoxy-α-PVP, was identified for the first time in illegal products; however, the metabolism of this compound is not known. Complete metabolic profiles are needed for these novel psychoactive substances to enable identification of their intake and to link adverse effects to the causative agent. This study assessed 4-methoxy-α-PVP metabolic stability with human liver microsomes (HLMs) and identified its metabolites after HLM and hepatocyte incubations followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). A Thermo QExactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) was used with full scan data-dependent mass spectrometry, with (1) and without (2) an inclusion list of predicted metabolite, and with full scan and all-ion fragmentation (3) to identify potential unexpected metabolites. In silico predictions were performed and compared to in vitro results. Scans were thoroughly mined with different data processing algorithms using WebMetabase (Molecular Discovery). 4-Methoxy-α-PVP exhibited a long half-life of 79.7 min in HLM, with an intrinsic clearance of 8.7 µL min−1 mg−1. In addition, this compound is predicted to be a low-clearance drug with an estimated human hepatic clearance of 8.2 mL min−1 kg−1. Eleven 4-methoxy-α-PVP metabolites were identified, generated by O-demethylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, ketone reduction, N-dealkylation, and glucuronidation. The most dominant metabolite in HLM and human hepatocyte samples was 4-hydroxy-α-PVP, also predicted as the #1 in silico metabolite, and is suggested to be a suitable analytical target in addition to the parent compound.
Older Age and Leg Pain Are Good Predictors of Pain and Disability Outcomes in 2710 Patients who Receive Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Cook Chad E. , Frempong-Boadu Anthony K. , Radcliff Kristen , Karikari Isaac , Isaacs Robert 
Published: August 2015

Background Identifying appropriate candidates for lumbar spine fusion is a challenging and controversial topic. The purpose of this study was to identify baseline characteristics related to poor/favorable outcomes at 1 year for a patient who received lumbar spine fusion. Questions/Purposes The aims of this study were to describe baseline characteristics of those who received lumbar surgery and to identify baseline characteristics from a spine repository that were related to poor and favorable pain and disability outcomes for patient who received lumbar fusion (with or without decompression), who were followed up for 1 full year and discriminate predictor variables that were either or in contrast to prognostic variables reported in the literature. Methods This study analyzed data from 2710 patients who underwent lumbar spine fusion. All patient data was part of a multicenter, multi-national spine repository. Ten relatively commonly captured data variables were used as predictors for the study. Univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses were run against outcome variables of pain/disability. Results Multiple univariate findings were associated with pain/disability outcomes at 1 year including age, previous surgical history, baseline disability, baseline pain, baseline quality of life scores, and leg pain greater than back pain. Notably significant multivariate findings for both pain and disability include older age, previous surgical history, and baseline mental summary scores, disability, and pain. Conclusion Leg pain greater than back pain and older age may yield promising value when predicting positive outcomes. Other significant findings may yield less value since these findings are similar to those that are considered to be prognostic regardless of intervention type.
Risk factors for complications and readmission after operative fixation of pediatric femur fractures
Authors: Momaya Amit , Baker Dustin , Gilbert Shawn , Ponce Brent 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Operative fixation of pediatric femur fractures with intramedullary implants has grown in popularity in recent decades. However, risk factors for short-term adverse events and readmission have not been well studied. Methods Pediatric patients who underwent intramedullary nailing of a femur fracture between 2012 and 2013 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Risk factors for any adverse event (AAE) and readmission after intramedullary nailing were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 522 pediatric patients who underwent intramedullary nailing of the femur during the study period were identified. The mean age of this patient cohort was 10.2 ± 3.8 years. Review of the cases revealed that 18 (3.4 %) patients had AAE and that 20 (3.8 %) patients were readmitted, of whom 13 (2.5 %) underwent a reoperation. Independent risk factors for AAE were a cardiac comorbidity [odds ratio (OR) 12.7, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 103.7], open fracture (OR 10.2, 95 % CI 1.4, 74.4), and prolonged operative time (OR 17.5, 95 % CI 6.1, 50.5). Independent risk factors for readmission were a central nervous system disorder (OR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.3, 16.2) and a seizure disorder (OR 4.9, 95 % CI 1.0, 23.5). Conclusions The results of the multivariate analysis suggest that cardiac comorbidities, open fractures, and prolonged operative time increase the risk for AAE and that central nervous system disorders and seizure disorders may increase the risk for readmission. Surgeons should be aware of these risk factors and counsel the families of pediatric patients who undergo intramedullary nailing of femur fractures.
Dual processing theory and expertsʼ reasoning: exploring thinking on national multiple-choice questions
Authors: Durning Steven J. , Dong Ting , Artino Anthony R. , Van der Vleuten Cees , Holmboe Eric , Schuwirth Lambert 
Published: August 2015

Background An ongoing debate exists in the medical education literature regarding the potential benefits of pattern recognition (non-analytic reasoning), actively comparing and contrasting diagnostic options (analytic reasoning) or using a combination approach. Studies have not, however, explicitly explored faculty’s thought processes while tackling clinical problems through the lens of dual process theory to inform this debate. Further, these thought processes have not been studied in relation to the difficulty of the task or other potential mediating influences such as personal factors and fatigue, which could also be influenced by personal factors such as sleep deprivation. We therefore sought to determine which reasoning process(es) were used with answering clinically oriented multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and if these processes differed based on the dual process theory characteristics: accuracy, reading time and answering time as well as psychometrically determined item difficulty and sleep deprivation.
Methods We performed a think-aloud procedure to explore faculty’s thought processes while taking these MCQs, coding think-aloud data based on reasoning process (analytic, nonanalytic, guessing or combination of processes) as well as word count, number of stated concepts, reading time, answering time, and accuracy. We also included questions regarding amount of work in the recent past. We then conducted statistical analyses to examine the associations between these measures such as correlations between frequencies of reasoning processes and item accuracy and difficulty. We also observed the total frequencies of different reasoning processes in the situations of getting answers correctly and incorrectly.
Experiments on standing waves in a rectangular tank with a corrugated bed
Authors: Weidman Patrick D. , Herczynski Andrzej , Yu Jie , Howard Louis N. 
Published: August 2015

An experimental investigation of resonant standing water waves in a rectangular tank with a corrugated bottom is reported. The study was stimulated by the theory of Howard & Yu (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 209–234) predicting the existence of normal modes that can be significantly affected by Bragg reflection/scattering. As a result, the amplitude of the standing waves (normal modes) varies exponentially along the entire length of the tank, or from the centre out in each direction, depending on the phase of the corrugations at the tank endwalls. Experiments were conducted in a 5 m tank fitted with a sinusoidal bottom with one adjustable endwall. Waves were excited by small-amplitude sinusoidal horizontal movement of the tank using an electrical motor drive system. Simultaneous time-series data of standing oscillations were recorded at well-separated positions along the tank to measure the growth in amplitude. Waveforms over a section of the tank were filmed through the transparent acrylic walls. Except for very shallow depths and near the tank endwalls, the experimental measurements of resonant frequencies, mean wavelengths, free-surface waveforms and amplitude growth are found in essential agreement with the Bragg resonant normal mode theory.
Dynamic behaviour of buoyant high viscosity droplets rising in a quiescent liquid
Authors: Albert C. , Kromer J. , Robertson A. M. , Bothe D. 
Published: August 2015

The present paper initiates a systematic computational analysis of the rise dynamics of high viscosity droplets in a viscous ambient liquid. This represents a relevant intermediate case between free rigid particles and bubbles since their shape adjusts to outer forces while almost no inner circulation is present. As a prototype system, we study corn oil droplets rising in pure water with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 16 mm. Since we are interested in the droplet dynamics from the viewpoint of a bifurcation scenario with increasingly complex droplet behaviour, we perform fully three-dimensional numerical simulations, employing the in-house volume-of-fluid (VOF)-code FS3D. The smallest droplets (0.5–2 mm) rise in steady vertical paths, where for the smallest droplet (0.5 mm) the flow field, as well as the terminal velocity, can be described by the Taylor and Acrivos approximate solution, despite the Reynolds number being well above one. Larger droplets (3.2 mm) rise in an oblique path and display a bifid wake, and those with diameters in the range (3.7–8 mm) rise in intermittently oblique paths, showing an intermittent bifid wake of alternating vorticity. The droplets’ shapes in this range change from spherical into oblate ellipsoids of increasing eccentricity, followed by bi-ellipsoidal shapes with higher curvature on the downstream side. Even larger droplets (10–16 mm) rise in oscillatory, essentially vertical paths with drastically different wake structures, including deadzones and aperiodic or periodic vortex shedding. The largest considered droplets (diameter of 14 and 16 mm) display significant shape oscillations and vortex shedding is accompanied by a complex evolution of coherent vortex structures. Their rise paths are best described as zigzagging, but the bifurcation scenario seems to be substantially different from that leading to the zigzagging of air bubbles. In contrast to the rise behaviour of bubbles, helical paths are not observed in the present study.
Are Credit Default Swaps a Sideshow? Evidence That Information Flows from Equity to CDS Markets
Authors: Hilscher Jens , Pollet Joshua M. , Wilson Mungo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article provides evidence that equity returns lead credit protection returns at daily and weekly frequencies, whereas credit protection returns do not lead equity returns. Our results indicate that informed traders are primarily active in the equity market rather than the credit default swap (CDS) market. These findings are consistent with standard theories of market selection by informed traders in which market selection is determined partially by transaction costs. We also find that credit protection returns respond more quickly during salient news events (earnings announcements) compared to days with similar equity returns and turnover. This evidence provides support for explanations related to investor inattention.