bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective occurrence of Rhizobiales in frost flowers on the surface of young sea ice near Barrow, Alaska and distribution in the polar marine rare biosphere
Authors: Bowman J. S. , Larose C. , Vogel T. M. , Deming J. W. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryFrost flowers are highly saline ice structures that grow on the surface of young sea ice, a spatially extensive environment of increasing importance in the Arctic Ocean. In a previous study, we reported organic components of frost flowers in the form of elevated levels of bacteria and exopolymers relative to underlying ice. Here, DNA was extracted from frost flowers and young sea ice, collected in springtime from a frozen lead offshore of Barrow, Alaska, to identify bacteria in these understudied environments. Evaluation of the distribution of 16S rRNA genes via four methods (microarray analysis, T‐RFLP, clone library and shotgun metagenomic sequencing) indicated distinctive bacterial assemblages between the two environments, with frost flowers appearing to select for Rhizobiales. A phylogenetic placement approach, used to evaluate the distribution of similar Rhizobiales sequences in other polar marine studies, indicated that some of the observed strains represent widely distributed members of the marine rare biosphere in both the Arctic and Antarctic.
Genomic analysis of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf29Arp with evidence of T3SS and T6SS gene expression on plant roots
Authors: Marchi Muriel , Boutin Morgane , Gazengel Kévin , Rispe Claude , Gauthier Jean‐Pierre , Guillerm‐Erckelboudt Anne‐Yvonne , Lebreton Lionel , Barret Matthieu , Daval Stéphanie , Sarniguet Alain 
Published: March 2013

SummarySeveral bacterial strains of the Pseudomonas genus provide plant growth stimulation, plant protection against pests or bioremediation. Among these bacteria, P. fluorescens Pf29Arp reduces the severity of take‐all, a disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) on wheat roots. In this study, we obtained a draft genome of Pf29Arp and subsequent comparative genomic analyses have revealed that this bacterial strain is closely related to strains of the ‘P. brassicacearum‐like’ subgroup including P. brassicacearum ssp. brassicacearum NFM421 and P. fluorescens F113. Despite an overall chromosomal organization similar to these strains, a number of features including antibiotic synthesis gene clusters from secondary metabolism are not found in the Pf29Arp genome. But Pf29Arp possesses different protein secretion systems including type III (T3SS) and type VI (T6SS) secretion systems. Pf29Arp is the first Pseudomonas sp. strain described with four T6SS clusters (cluster I, II, III and IV). In addition, some protein‐coding genes involved in the assembly of these secretion systems are basally expressed during Pf29Arp colonization of healthy wheat roots and display different expression patterns on necrotized roots caused by Ggt. These data suggest a role of T3SS and T6SS in the Pf29Arp adaptation to different root environments.
Subtype selectivity of α+β− site ligands of GABAA receptors: identification of the first highly specific positive modulators at α6β2/3γ2 receptors
Authors: Varagic Zdravko , Ramerstorfer Joachim , Huang Shengming , Rallapalli Sundari , Sarto‐Jackson Isabella , Cook James , Sieghart Werner , Ernst Margot 
Published: March 2013

Background and PurposeGABAA receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and the target of many clinically important drugs interacting with different binding sites. Recently, we demonstrated that CGS 9895 (2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolin‐3(5H)‐one) elicits a strong and subtype‐dependent enhancement of GABA‐induced currents via a novel drug‐binding site at extracellular αx+βy− (x = 1–6, y = 1–3) interfaces. Here, we investigated 16 structural analogues of CGS 9895 for their ability to modulate GABA‐induced currents of various GABAA receptor subtypes.Experimental ApproachRecombinant GABAA receptor subtypes were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and investigated by the two‐electrode voltage clamp method.Key ResultsMost of the compounds investigated were able to modulate GABA‐induced currents of αβ and αβγ receptors to a comparable extent, suggesting that the effect of these drugs is not dependent on the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors. Steric hindrance experiments demonstrated that these compounds exert their action predominantly via the αx+βy− (x = 1–6, y = 1–3) interfaces. Whereas some compounds are unselectively modulating a broad range of receptor subtypes, other compounds feature remarkable functional selectivity for the α6β3γ2 receptor, or behave as null modulators at some receptor subtypes investigated.Conclusion and ImplicationsPyrazoloquinolinones and pyrazolopyridinones represent the first prototypes of drugs exerting benzodiazepine‐like modulatory effects via the α+β− interface of GABAA receptors. The discovery of modulators with functional subtype selectivity at this class of binding sites provides a highly useful tool for the investigation of α6β2/3γ2 receptor function, and may lead to novel therapeutic principles.Linked ArticleThis article is accompanied by Varagic et al., pp. 371–383 of this issue. To view this article visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12151
Adherence to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and length of stay after colonic resection
Authors: Cakir H. , van Stijn M. F. M. , Lopes Cardozo A. M. F. , Langenhorst B. L. A. M. , Schreurs W. H. , van der Ploeg T. J. , Bemelman W. A. , Houdijk A. P. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimThe Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme is a multimodal approach to improve peri‐operative care in colon surgery. The aim of this study was to report on the adherence to and outcomes of ERAS in the first years after implementation.MethodData of patients undergoing elective colon resections for malignancy in 2006 until 2010 were compared with patients receiving conventional care in 2005. Retrospective analysis was performed including length of stay (LOS), protocol adherence and complications. The predictive values of ERAS items and baseline characteristics on LOS and complications were analysed using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsLength of stay (LOS) was significantly shorter in 2006 and 2007 (P ≤ 0.009 and P ≤ 0.004) but not in 2008 and 2009. The mean adherence rate to the ERAS items was 84.1% in 2006 and 2007 and 72.4% in 2008 and 2009 (P < 0.001). In 2005, 2008 and 2009 LOS was significantly shorter for laparoscopically operated patients than for patients with open resections (P < 0.002, P < 0.001 and P < 0.004 respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that age, laparoscopic surgery, removal of nasogastric tube before extubation, mobilization within 24 h after surgery, starting nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs at day 1 and removal of thoracic epidural analgesia at day 2 were independent predictors of LOS.ConclusionStrict adherence to the ERAS protocol was associated with reduced LOS and improved outcome in elective colon surgery for malignancy. These benefits were lost when protocol adherence was lower. Embedding the ERAS protocol into an organization and repetitive education are vital to sustain its beneficial effects on LOS and outcome.
HIV and “People on the Move”: Six Strategies to Reduce Risk and Vulnerability during the Migration Process
Authors: Haour‐Knipe Mary , de Zalduondo Barbara , Samuels Fiona , Molesworth Kate , Sehgal Sarita 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMobile, migrant and displaced people require specific attention with regard to HIV vulnerability, including information and services tailored to their social, cultural and economic backgrounds and to the phase of mobility. Too few studies have systematically documented the needs of people on the move in this regard or evaluated the existing responses to meeting these needs. Most studies and programme descriptions focus on specific populations at country or community levels. Few compare and contrast different population groups, and few are regional or cross‐continental in scope. Most are purely descriptive, and lack a theoretical framework. The aim of this article is to precipitate more structured international comparisons – and questions – that will fill some of the evidence and programming gaps defined.
Fatherhood and Transmission in the Context of Migration: An Irish and a Polish Case
Authors: Brannen Julia , Mooney Ann , Wigfall Valerie , Parutis Violetta 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe article compares men's biographies and fatherhood across two generations among the Irish and the Polish, who represent different waves of migration to Britain, focusing on two chains of fathers and sons. It examines different aspects of transmission between fathers and sons and, in the context of migration, the part that generational experience played in how men identify (or not) with their own fathers and repeated or changed their fatherhood practices. A comparative approach suggests the importance of taking account of the life course, the historical moment of migration, and the ways in which migration complicates intergenerational family relations by creating structural and relational ambivalences as the younger generation seeks to make its own mark. However ambivalences are managed and often coexist with solidaristic relations in terms of providing reciprocal support across the generations and in the fathers' identification with their fathers' strong work ethic and provider role. As fathers they are more involved in their children's lives than their fathers were but their employment conditions typically continue to constrain this.
Probabilistic stopping rules for GRASP heuristics and extensions
Authors: Ribeiro Celso C. , Rosseti Isabel , Souza Reinaldo C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe main drawback of most metaheuristics is the absence of effective stopping criteria. Most implementations of such algorithms stop after performing a given maximum number of iterations or a given maximum number of consecutive iterations without improvement in the best‐known solution value, or after the stabilization of the set of elite solutions found along the search. We propose effective probabilistic stopping rules for randomized metaheuristics such as GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures). We show how the probability density function of the solution values obtained along the iterations of such algorithms can be used to implement stopping rules based on the tradeoff between solution quality and the time needed to find a solution that might improve the best solution found. We show experimentally that, in the particular case of GRASP heuristics, the solution values obtained along its iterations fit a normal distribution that may be used to give an online estimation of the number of solutions obtained in forthcoming iterations that might be at least as good as the incumbent. This estimation is used to validate the stopping rule based on the tradeoff between solution quality and the time needed to find a solution that might improve the incumbent. The robustness of this strategy is illustrated and validated by a thorough computational study reporting results obtained with GRASP implementations to four different combinatorial optimization problems.
Why Refugees Rebel: Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Refugee Militarization
Authors: Lebson Mike 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMilitarization by refugees can have problematic outcomes. It can undermine the sovereignty and stability of the host state, perpetuate a transnational conflict and obstruct international efforts to resolve it, and present difficulties in the provision of humanitarian assistance to needy populations. Existing literature privileges structural explanations for militarization while neglecting the agency, interests and internal politics of refugee groups. In this paper, I offer a comprehensive theory of refugee militarization that emphasizes the importance of endogenous factors, including political and economic motivations, in the context of broader structural factors, including political opportunities and resource mobilization, mediated by the presence of militancy entrepreneurs. This theory helps integrate the motivation of refugees, and the discursive framing used by militancy entrepreneurs to mobilize them, with capacity for militant activity. The need for case studies and specific policy recommendations for host states, non‐governmental organizations and international stakeholders are discussed.
Longitudinal measurement invariance of psychosocial measures in physical activity research: an application to adolescent data
Authors: Roesch Scott C. , Norman Gregory J. , Merz Erin L. , Sallis James F. , Patrick Kevin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe current study served as a practical and substantive guide to establishing longitudinal measurement invariance of psychosocial measures commonly used in adolescent physical activity (PA) research. Psychosocial data on an initial sample of 878 adolescents (ages 11–15) recruited through primary care providers were provided at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. The target measures included family support, peer support, decisional balance (pros, cons), self‐efficacy, and behavioral strategies. Five of the six psychosocial measures exhibited strict longitudinal measurement invariance, with the sixth measure (self‐efficacy) exhibiting strong longitudinal measurement invariance. These findings support the equivalence of these measures across time, and provide the foundation to substantively interpret group differences and associations involving these measures and PA.
The role of ecology in the geographical separation of blood parasites infecting an insular bird
Authors: Cornuault Josselin , Khimoun Aurélie , Harrigan Ryan J. , Bourgeois Yann X. C. , Milá Borja , Thébaud Christophe , Heeb Philipp 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimNiche modelling is increasingly used to predict species' geographical distributions or to infer the evolutionary or ecological processes that constrain them, but relatively few studies have examined the ecological processes governing the distributions of parasites. Among such processes, niche divergence is frequently invoked to explain species range variation. Here, we test whether the geographical distributions of two lineages of Leucocytozoon (Haemosporida) avian parasites are linked to climatic conditions and whether niche divergence can explain their geographical separation.LocationRéunion, Mascarene archipelago, south‐western Indian Ocean.MethodsLeucocytozoon prevalence data were obtained by PCR screening of avian blood samples. Prevalence data and 20 environmental layers were used to build species distribution models (SDMs). SDMs were built by averaging the predictions of five different models: random forests (RF), generalized linear models (GLM), generalized additive models (GAM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and support vector machines (SVM). Niche identity and background tests were used to test for a role of niche divergence in explaining parasite distributions.ResultsThe geographical ranges of the two lineages of Leucocytozoon under study showed little overlap. Species distribution modelling suggested that niche divergence may explain the spatial variation observed in Leucocytozoon distribution, implying that the geographical separation of parasites is linked to environmental conditions. The variables that best explained parasite distribution were all related to precipitation patterns.Main conclusionsAs precipitation cannot directly affect endosymbiotic Leucocytozoon parasites, we suggest that the geographical separation of Leucocytozoon lineages is the result of an underlying geographical structure in the dipteran vectors that transmit these parasites. This illustrates the need to consider the ecology of vectors when predicting the distribution of vector‐borne parasites. Our study also shows that different parasite lineages, contained within broadly defined parasitic taxa, may have very different ecologies, and that these differences should be taken into account when attempting to understand the ecological determinants of parasite distribution and disease emergence.
The Foaming Abilities of Surfactants in Cocoa Butter
Authors: Su‐Jia Shi , Dong Cao , Shi‐Chao Xie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe foaming abilities of the nine kinds of surfactants in cocoa butter were researched in this paper. The results showed that only phospholipids had the foaming ability in cocoa butter, and the higher content of phosphatidylcholine in phospholipids, the stronger its foaming ability in the cocoa butter, which was significant for seeking a new method to prepare aerated chocolate. The foaming mechanism of phospholipids in cocoa butter was also discussed in the paper. The foaming mechanism of phospholipids in cocoa butter was different from its foaming mechanism in the water. The possible reason was that the molecular layers of phospholipid liquid crystalline were formed in the interface of air/cocoa butter, which could maintain the stability of the bubbles in cocoa butter. At the same time, we found that the foaming ability of phospholipids in cocoa butter was related with temperature. The spherical bubbles with large diameter and thin wall were easily formed at higher temperature (37C). At the low temperature (30C), the bubbles were also spherical, but with small diameter and thick wall. The small and irregular bubbles were easily formed at the lower temperature (the cocoa butter was partially crystallized at the temperature 26C). The results showed a new train of thought and basic data for the preparation of the aerated chocolate.Practical ApplicationsPuffing under vacuum and inflating under high pressure were commonly used in the production of aerated chocolate. This paper showed a method to prepare bubbles in cocoa butter by whipping method in the presence of surfactants, which was significant for seeking a new method to prepare aerated chocolate.
Measuring reliability and validity of a newly developed stress instrument: Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Stress Scale
Authors: Lee Tso‐Ying , Chen Hsing‐Hsia , Yeh Mei‐Ling , Li Hui‐Ling , Chou Kuei‐Ru 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo assess the reliability and validity of a developed instrument entitled Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Stress Scale.BackgroundDistress, clinical anxiety and depression are evident in patients with cancer, leading to poor psychosocial and quality‐of‐life outcomes.DesignInstrument development study with norm‐referenced measurements.MethodsContent validity was determined by expert review. Cronbach's α was used to assess internal consistency reliability and product‐moment correlations were conducted. Exploratory factor analysis measured validity of items using varimax rotation method. Criterion‐related validity testing used the Perceived Stress Scale and the convergent validity test of construct validity used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A total of 125 women pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer were interviewed on the day prior to initial breast surgery.ResultsAfter testing, the Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Stress Scale consisted of four main factors with 17 items with acceptable reliability and good validity, and its length and time to complete the questionnaire were appropriate. Internal consistency reliability of the scale was shown by Cronbach's α = 0·84, the criterion validity of Perceived Stress Scale‐10 was r = 0·46 (p < 0·001), the convergent validity of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐14 was r = 0·57 (p < 0·001) for anxiety and r = 0·35 (p < 0·001) for depression.ConclusionsThe Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Stress Scale has acceptable reliability and good validity to measure stress in newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Stress Scale can provide healthcare workers with an instrument to better identify stress levels in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and provide valuable information when defining psychosocial care interventions.
Going where traditional markers have not gone before: utility of and promise for RAD sequencing in marine invertebrate phylogeography and population genomics
Authors: Reitzel A. M. , Herrera S. , Layden M. J. , Martindale M. Q. , Shank T. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCharacterization of large numbers of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout a genome has the power to refine the understanding of population demographic history and to identify genomic regions under selection in natural populations. To this end, population genomic approaches that harness the power of next‐generation sequencing to understand the ecology and evolution of marine invertebrates represent a boon to test long‐standing questions in marine biology and conservation. We employed restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to identify SNPs in natural populations of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, an emerging cnidarian model with a broad geographic range in estuarine habitats in North and South America, and portions of England. We identified hundreds of SNP‐containing tags in thousands of RAD loci from 30 barcoded individuals inhabiting four locations from Nova Scotia to South Carolina. Population genomic analyses using high‐confidence SNPs resulted in a highly‐resolved phylogeography, a result not achieved in previous studies using traditional markers. Plots of locus‐specific FST against heterozygosity suggest that a majority of polymorphic sites are neutral, with a smaller proportion suggesting evidence for balancing selection. Loci inferred to be under balancing selection were mapped to the genome, where 90% were located in gene bodies, indicating potential targets of selection. The results from analyses with and without a reference genome supported similar conclusions, further highlighting RAD‐seq as a method that can be efficiently applied to species lacking existing genomic resources. We discuss the utility of RAD‐seq approaches in burgeoning Nematostella research as well as in other cnidarian species, particularly corals and jellyfishes, to determine phylogeographic relationships of populations and identify regions of the genome undergoing selection.