bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Face and Body in Unfamiliar Person Identification
Authors: Rice Allyson , Phillips P. Jonathon , O'Toole Alice 
Published: November 2013

SummaryInformation useful for identifying a person can be found both in the face and body. Previous studies indicate that when an entire person is visible, we rely strongly on the face for identification, even if the body can be useful. We measured the utility of the face versus body for identification, by using images of unfamiliar people that varied in the quality of identity information in the face. Face quality was varied using similarity scores generated by state‐of‐the‐art face recognition algorithms from an international competition. These algorithms estimated the similarity of faces in a large set (>1 000 000) of image pairs that showed ‘people’, including the face and the top half of the body. By using these similarity scores, image pairs were stratified into three groups representing good, moderate, and poor performance for the face recognition algorithm. Participants matched identity in image pairs sampled from the three groups, by using versions of the stimuli edited digitally to show only the face or body. Consistent with the algorithm stratifications, performance with the face declined across the three conditions. The face supported more accurate identification than the body in the good and moderate conditions. In the poor condition, performance from the face and body was comparable. Using data from a previous study, we compared the face‐only and body‐only identity judgments with judgments based on the original image. The original unedited image supported the best overall performance in the good and moderate conditions. Notably, performance in the poor condition was equivalent for the face, body, and original images. The results indicate that in poor viewing conditions, identification decisions from the body may be as accurate as those made from the face or the entire person. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active fault tolerant control of piecewise affine systems with reference tracking and input constraints
Authors: Gholami M. , Cocquempot V. , Schiøler H. , Bak T. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYAn active fault tolerant control (AFTC) method is proposed for discrete‐time piecewise affine (PWA) systems. Only actuator faults are considered. The AFTC framework contains a supervisory scheme, which selects a suitable controller in a set of controllers such that the stability and an acceptable performance of the faulty system are held. The design of the supervisory scheme is not considered here. The set of controllers is composed of a normal controller for the fault‐free case, an active fault detection and isolation controller for isolation and identification of the faults, and a set of passive fault tolerant controllers (PFTCs) modules designed to be robust against a set of actuator faults. In this research, the piecewise nonlinear model is approximated by a PWA system. The PFTCs are state feedback laws. Each one is robust against a fixed set of actuator faults and is able to track the reference signal while the control inputs are bounded. The PFTC problem is transformed into a feasibility problem of a set of LMIs. The method is applied on a large‐scale live‐stock ventilation model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reduced MIMO Wiener model for recursive identification of the depth of anesthesia
Authors: Silva Margarida M. , Wigren Torbjörn , Mendonça Teresa 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a modeling and identification strategy for the depth of anesthesia using the propofol and remifentanil rates as the system inputs, and the bispectral index and state entropy measurements as the systems outputs. The standard model used for this purpose has twenty two patient‐dependent parameters. This high number of parameters, the little input excitation, and the small amount of output data make classical system identification approaches unsuccessful. To overcome these issues, the new model presented in this paper has six parameters, thereby meeting the parsimony principle of system identification. An extended Kalman filter algorithm is also developed and applied to real data. The good fitting results, combined with noise suppression and a recursive update of the model parameters, are promising for the design of the depth of anesthesia controllers to be used in real time platforms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convenient and Reliable Routes Towards 2‐Aminothiazoles: Palladium‐Catalyzed versus Copper‐Catalyzed Aminations of Halothiazoles
Authors: Toulot Stéphanie , Heinrich Timo , Leroux Frédéric R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo efficient methods for the amination of 2‐halothiazoles are presented here. A first protocol requires a Pd/L system. Several 2‐aminothiazoles were synthesized under optimized conditions and isolated in good yields. The first palladium‐catalyzed CN coupling reactions between 2‐halothiazoles and primary alkylamines are presented. In a second part, ligand‐free copper‐catalyzed aminations of 2‐halothiazoles by alkylamines and aniline in a green solvent have been developed. The protocol is very effective for primary and secondary amines and perfectly tolerates the presence of another halide moiety on the 2‐halothiazole. The reaction occurs under the assistance of microwave irradiation, which drastically decreases the reaction time. The reaction leads to the formation of 2‐aminothiazoles, key molecules in pharmaceutical research.magnified image
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Macrocycles from Allenes with a Nucleophilic Functionality and Organic Iodides
Authors: Huang Xin , Jiang Xinpeng , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA highly regioselective synthesis of 15–20‐membered macrocycles via Pd(0)‐catalyzed coupling cyclization of allenes bearing a carbon or nitrogen nucleophilic functionality and organic iodides is reported. After oxidative addition and carbopalladation, anti‐π‐allyl palladium intermediates were formed, which was followed by the exclusive intramolecular nucleophilic attack at the terminal carbon atom of the allene moiety to afford products with yields ranging from 44–92% and E/Z ratios of up to 97/3.magnified image
Generation of 4‐Cyanoisoquinolines and 4‐Amidylisoquinolines via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanative Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldimines with Isocyanides
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Qiu Xiaochen , Wu Jie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn efficient route to 4‐cyanoquinolines via a palladium‐catalyzed cyanative reaction of 2‐alkynylbenzaldimines with isocyanides has been developed. The transformation proceeds through 6‐endo cyclization, isocyanide insertion, and cyanation. 4‐Amidylisoquinolines can be generated as well if water is involved in the reaction.magnified image
Sulfoxide‐to‐Sulfilimine Conversions: Use of Modified Burgess‐Type Reagents
Authors: Hendriks Christine M. M. , Lamers Philip , Engel Julien , Bolm Carsten 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSulfoxides can directly be converted into N‐cyanosulfilimines using a new Burgess‐type reagent. By applying this strategy with a related reagent variant, synthetically valuable NH‐sulfoximines have been prepared from sulfoxides via N‐protected sulfilimines. The practical three‐step reaction sequence is generally high yielding and applicable to a wide range of substrates. The sulfoxide‐to‐sulfilimine conversion can also be performed under solvent‐reduced conditions in a ball mill.magnified image
Role of endogenous IL‐18 in the lung during endotoxin‐induced systemic inflammation
Authors: Takahara Miki , Aoyama‐Ishikawa Michiko , Shuno Katsuhito , Yamauhi Chisato , Miyoshi Makoto , Maeshige Noriaki , Usami Makoto , Yamada Taihei , Osako Takaaki , Nakao Atsunori , Kotani Joji 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundOveractivated neutrophils are causes of acute lung injury, which is a major clinical problem with significant morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Serum interleukin (IL)‐18 levels correspond to severity of systemic inflammation.AimTo elucidate the roles of endogenous IL‐18 in lung injury during endotoxin‐induced systemic inflammation.MethodsWild‐type (WT) and IL‐18 gene knockout (KO) mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and killed. Lungs were collected at 0 and 12 h to assess mRNA for intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, myeloperoxidase, immunohistochemistry (cleaved caspase‐3, 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine), and wet/dry ratio. Blood was collected at 0, 1, 12, 18, and 24 h to assess plasma cytokine levels.ResultsThe survival rates at 24 h were approximately 43% and 76% in the WT and KO mice, respectively. Plasma IL‐18 levels were induced time‐dependently only in the WT mice. Plasma interferon‐γ levels were significantly higher in the WT than in the KO mice at 12 h, but IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels did not differ between the WT and KO mice. At 12 h, the WT mice showed higher myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.05), ICAM‐1, and wet/dry ratios than KO mice. Cleaved caspase‐3 positive neutrophils, which migrated in the lung interstitium, were lower in WT mice than in KO mice.ConclusionsEndogenous IL‐18 induced neutrophil accumulation, accompanied by induction of ICAM‐1 expression, inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis, and increased inducible nitric oxide synthase‐induced oxidative tissue injury in the lung, leading to lung edema and poor outcome during endotoxemia.
Symmetry‐Guided Synthesis of Highly Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Fluorite Topology
Authors: Zhang Muwei , Chen Ying‐Pin , Bosch Mathieu , Gentle Thomas , Wang Kecheng , Feng Dawei , Wang Zhiyong U. , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo stable, non‐interpenetrated MOFs, PCN‐521 and PCN‐523, were synthesized by a symmetry‐guided strategy. Augmentation of the 4‐connected nodes in the fluorite structure with a rigid tetrahedral ligand and substitution of the 8‐connected nodes by the Zr/Hf clusters yielded MOFs with large octahedral interstitial cavities. They are the first examples of Zr/Hf MOFs with tetrahedral linkers. PCN‐521 has the largest BET surface area (3411 m2 g‐1), pore size (20.5×20.5×37.4 Å) and void volume (78.5%) of MOFs formed from tetrahedral ligands. This work not only demonstrates a successful implementation of rational design of MOFs with desired topology, but also provides a systematic way of constructing non‐interpenetrated MOFs with high porosity.
Mastication behavior of cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene as a model for natural rubber
Authors: Wortmann Christopher , Lindner Patrick , Dettmer Fabian , Steiner Frank , Scheper Thomas 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe mastication behavior of synthetic cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene (IR), deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), and natural rubber (NR) in an internal mixer has been investigated at mixing temperatures from 88 to 186°C and different levels of mechanical energy, using Mooney viscosity and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). An envelope‐shaped mastication efficiency curve and high similarity in the mastication behavior can be observed for IR and NR but not for DPNR. The minimum of the envelope‐shaped curve shifts to lower temperatures when the mechanical energy is increased. Based on these findings, a mathematical description for the contribution of mechanical and thermo‐oxidative mastication mechanisms has been established. Distinct statistical distribution of thermo‐oxidative scission can only be observed in SEC measurements of materials masticated at high temperatures over 170°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39989.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 2,3‐Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin‐ and Indolealkylamine Derivatives as Potential Antidepressants
Authors: Wang Songlin , Chen Yin , Liu Xinghua , Xu Xiangqing , Liu Xin , Liu Bi‐Feng , Zhang Guisen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin‐ and indolealkylamine derivatives were synthesized and the target compounds were evaluated for their binding affinities at the 5‐HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter. Antidepressant‐like activities of the compounds were screened using the tail suspension and forced swim tests in mice. Preliminary results indicated that the target compounds exhibited high binding affinities at the 5‐HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter, and produced marked antidepressant‐like effects. The best example from this study, compound 5, exhibited high binding affinities for the 5‐HT1A receptor (Ki = 96 nM) and serotonin transporter (Ki = 9.8 nM). The intrinsic activity of compound 5 showed agonistic property to the 5‐HT1A receptor and inhibition of the 5‐HT transporter. Furthermore, compound 5 exhibited greater antidepressant efficacy than fluoxetine and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
Dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine‐Based Donor–Acceptor Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds with Thienyl and Triphenylamino Chromophores at the 2,7‐ and/or 10,13‐Positions
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xu , Tao Tao , Geng Jiao , Ma Bin‐Bin , Peng Yu‐Xin , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of T‐ and H‐shaped donor–acceptor (D–A) types of dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (DPPZ)‐based molecules, extended by thienyl and triphenylamino chromophores at the 2,7‐(bottom) and/or 10,13‐positions (top), have been designed and prepared successfully. Synthetic, structural, thermal, spectral, and computational comparisons have been carried out for related compounds because of their adjustable intramolecular charge‐transfer properties. It is noted that a pair of structural isomers (5 and 6) has been obtained, respectively, where distinguishable UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra, electrochemical activity, thermal stability, and bandgaps are observed. Furthermore, compounds 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 15 exhibit excellent thermal stability, and the Td10 values for them are found to range from 524 to 646 °C, which can be regarded as one of the best groups of thermally stable compounds among organic small molecules. In addition, theoretical calculations were performed, and the structure–property relationships were examined to reveal the effects of the position and number of donor arms on the DPPZ acceptor core.
Linking physiology to toxicity using DILIsym®, a mechanistic mathematical model of drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Shoda Lisl K. M. , Woodhead Jeffrey L. , Siler Scott Q. , Watkins Paul B. , Howell Brett A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe drug development industry faces multiple challenges in the realization of safe effective drugs. Computational modeling approaches can be used to support these efforts. One approach, mechanistic modeling, is new to the realm of drug safety. It holds the promise of not only predicting toxicity for novel compounds, but also illuminating the mechanistic underpinnings of toxicity. To increase the scientific community's familiarity with mechanistic modeling in drug safety, this article seeks to provide perspective on the type of data used, how they are used and where they are lacking. Examples are derived from the development of DILIsym® software, a mechanistic model of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). DILIsym® simulates the mechanistic interactions and events from compound administration through the progression of liver injury and regeneration. Modeling mitochondrial toxicity illustrates the type and use of in vitro data to represent biological interactions, as well as insights on key differences between in vitro and in vivo conditions. Modeling bile acid toxicity illustrates a case in which the over‐arching mechanism is well accepted, but many mechanistic details are lacking. Modeling was used to identify measurements predicted to strongly impact toxicity. Finally, modeling innate immune responses illustrates the importance of time‐series data, particularly in the presence of positive and negative feedback loops, as well as the need for data from different animal species for better translation. These concepts are germane to most mechanistic models, although the details will vary. The use of mechanistic models is expected to improve the rational design of new drugs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platinum N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nanoparticles as New and Effective Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics
Authors: Lara Patricia , Suárez Andrés , Collière Vincent , Philippot Karine , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this communication, we report the first synthesis of Pt NPs stabilized with NHC ligands and their investigation as catalysts in the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes. The results in catalysis show that by a proper choice of the NHC stabilizer and the adjustment of the NHC/metal ratio, these NHC‐capped Pt NPs exhibit high levels of activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation reactions. In particular, Pt NPs stabilized with 2 equiv. of IPr carbene (PtIPr0.2) catalyze the chemoselective reduction of a series of functionalized nitroarenes under mild conditions (1 bar H2, 30 °C). This catalyst tolerates the presence of a range of functional groups including hydroxyl, benzyloxy, carbonyl and olefinic moeities as well as halogens.
Combined Fixed‐Bed Reactor and In Situ DRIFTS Tests of NO Adsorption on a NOx Storage‐Reduction System Catalyst
Authors: Wu Dong L. , Tschamber Valerie , Limousy Lionel , Michelin Laure , Westermann Alexandre , Azambre Bruno , Fechete Ioana , Garin François 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of water on NOx storage performance of a Pt/BaO/Al2O3 catalyst was investigated. The adsorption capacity of a model NOx storage‐reduction system (NSR) catalyst was studied in the presence of NO, oxygen, and water in nitrogen. Fixed‐bed and in situ DRIFTS adsorption tests were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of water on the adsorption capacity of the catalyst, adsorbed species on the surface of the catalyst, and stability of these species. The presence of water slightly reduces the NOx storage capacity of the NSR catalyst. A decrease of platinum oxidation activity was observed which was correlated to a slowdown of surface bidentate nitrate formation, detected by in situ DRIFTS tests. On the other hand, surface monodentate nitrates were favored and formation of bulk nitrates was not affected. A set of reactions corresponding to these observations is proposed.
Polycationic Pillar[5]arene Derivatives: Interaction with DNA and Biological Applications
Authors: Nierengarten Iwona , Nothisen Marc , Sigwalt David , Biellmann Thomas , Holler Michel , Remy Jean‐Serge , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDendritic pillar[5]arene derivatives have been efficiently prepared by grafting dendrons with peripheral Boc‐protected amine subunits onto a preconstructed pillar[5]arene scaffold. Upon cleavage of the Boc‐protected groups, water‐soluble pillar[5]arene derivatives with 20 (13) and 40 (14) peripheral ammonium groups have been obtained. The capability of these compounds to form stable nanoparticles with plasmid DNA has been demonstrated by gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) investigations. Transfection efficiencies of the self‐assembled 13/pCMV‐Luc and 14/pCMV‐Luc polyplexes have been evaluated in vitro with HeLa cells. The transfection efficiencies found for both compounds are good, and pillar[5]arenes 13 and 14 show very low toxicity if any.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver(I) and Copper(II) Complexes of Phosphate Derivatives of Pyridine And Benzimidazole
Authors: Kalinowska‐Lis Urszula , Szewczyk Eligia M. , Chęcińska Lilianna , Wojciechowski Jakub M. , Wolf Wojciech M. , Ochocki Justyn 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo silver(I) complexes—{[Ag(4‐pmOpe)]NO3}n and [Ag(2‐bimOpe)2]NO3—and three copper(II) complexes—[Cu4Cl6O(2‐bimOpe)4], [CuCl2(4‐pmOpe)2], and [CuCl2(2‐bis(pm)Ope]—were synthesized by reaction of silver(I) nitrate or copper(II) chloride with phosphate derivatives of pyridine and benzimidazole, namely diethyl (pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl)phosphate (4‐pmOpe), 1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐ylmethyl diethyl phosphate (2‐bimOpe), and ethyl bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)phosphate (2‐bis(pm)Ope). These compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR as well as IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and ESIMS spectrometry. Additionally, molecular and crystal structures of {[Ag(4‐pmOpe)]NO3}n and [Cu4Cl6O(2‐bimOpe)4] were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The antimicrobial profiles of synthesized complexes and free ligands against test organisms from the ATCC and clinical sources were determined. Silver(I) complexes showed good antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans strains (MIC values of ∼19 μM). [Ag(2‐bimOpe)2]NO3 was particularly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, with MIC values of ∼5 and ∼10 μM, respectively. Neither copper(II) complexes nor the free ligands inhibited the growth of test organisms at concentrations below 500 μg mL−1.
Supporting multidimensional range queries in Hierarchically Distributed Tree
Authors: Gu Yunfeng , Boukerche Azzedine , De Grande Robson E. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAn examination of the multidimensional range query in existing peer‐to‐peer (P2P) overlay networks indicates that multidimensional range queries are sensitive to underlying topologies; this is because partitioning and mapping of multidimensional data space are two interconnected parts of a process that must be carried out cooperatively. The first section focuses on how to preserve data localities, whereas the second section concerns how to accommodate and maintain data localities at the P2P overlay layer. There are many studies that have been conducted on the first section since 1966, and those works that are well accepted are mostly based on recursive decomposition, which forms a tree structure in nature. However, less effort has been made to provide comparable support from the P2P overlay layer. In our previous work, we proposed the Hierarchically Distributed Tree (HD Tree) in order to better support multidimensional range queries in the P2P overlay network. This paper further explores error‐resilient routing and load balancing strategies that can be employed in the HD Tree. We also provide a complete set of experimental results for all routing operations: Join and Leave of nodes, range queries at different levels of selectivity, and the dynamic load balancing scheme. Comparisons are made by conducting simulations under both the ideal and the error‐prone routing environment and within various ary HD Trees. The experimental results show that load balancing in the HD Tree can be adjusted dynamically and globally, and it is actually a trade‐off between distributing the basic load and the involvement of nodes in range querying. The experimental results also indicate that a maximum of 10 percent of routing nodes’ failures do not have significant effects on the performance of range queries. However, a lower ary HD Tree appears to have better routing performance, whereas a higher ary HD Tree achieves a higher fault‐tolerant capacity. Nevertheless, the performance of range queries in a higher ary HD Tree can be further optimized if all possible routing options can be fully explored in the error‐prone routing environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.