bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life on the edge: prehistoric settlement and economy on Utrōk Atoll, northern Marshall Islands
Authors: Weisler Marshall I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe prehistoric settlement pattern and economy of Utrōk Atoll, situated near the northern limit of permanently‐inhabited atolls in the Marshall Islands, is described and interpreted from a complete intensive survey and excavations totalling 64 m2 (70.45 m3). Sites range from the most expansive, 25 hectare habitation and horticultural system on the largest islet, to smaller, temporarily‐occupied habitations situated on diminutive islets. A suite of 16 radiocarbon age determinations suggests human occupation of the atoll by the first few centuries AD (Beta‐103903). Four additional dating samples, collected from emerged beachrock, determined when the islets adjusted shape in response to changing sea levels and coastal processes.Some 173 prehistoric tools and ornaments included 39 shell adzes, pumice abraders, pearl shell scrapers, pounders and hammerstones, a trolling lure point, a single piece fishhook point and ornaments such as Conus shell rings, Spondylus beads and disks, pendants and a small drilled whale tooth.Of the 13,545 bones, 88.6% were of fish, mostly inshore taxa, with dog (Canis familiaris), Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), sea turtle (cf. Chelonia mydas), lizard and bird (Puffinus, Phaethon, Sula, Fregata, Egretta and Heteroscelus), as well as three human burials. Some 45.7 kg of shellfish representing 34 families was dominated by bivalves (67%) of mostly Tridacnidae. The Bullmouth helmet, Cypraecassis rufa, was extirpated as a result of human predation, although the archaeological evidence suggests that low human populations on this relatively dry atoll had little noticeable impact on the marine ecosystem, while the terrestrial landscape was markedly altered.
Hammer dressed stone hatchets in the Lake Eyre Basin
Authors: Tibbett Kevin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExamination of 137 edge ground stone hatchets from the Lake Eyre Basin suggested that as distance from the source increases the artefacts were more intensively reduced by hammer dressing. By reducing the thickness of the hatchet with hammer dressing an acute edge angle can be maintained as resharpening ingresses towards the original thicker centre of the hatchet. I hypothesise that hammer dressing is a curation practice to extend the use‐life of hatchets.
The texture of agency: an example of culture‐contact in central Australia
Authors: Paterson Alistair 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA regional historical archaeological analysis of Strangways Springs Station, northern South Australia, reveals the evidence for interaction in the period 1850–1900 between Aboriginal people and newly arrived European pastoralists. The evidence from campsites and worksites demonstrates differential Aboriginal involvement in the nineteenth century pastoral domain. The nature of cultural interaction changed as the pastoralists adapted and transformed their economic and social behaviour in response to the harsh Lake Eyre Basin environment and to economic and technical parameters related to the fledgling pastoral industry. The case study shows that archaeological and historical evidence each provide different perspectives on past culture contact and human agency.
Writing (pre)history: narrative and archaeological explanation in the New Guinea Highlands
Authors: Ballard Chris 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe role of narrative in explanation has received considerable attention in most of the disciplines concerned with questions of historical process, including history, geology, psychoanalysis and palaeo‐anthropology. Archaeologists, however, have been curiously reluctant to consider the proposition that their reconstructions of the past are fundamentally narrative in character. An argument is put forward for the serious study of narrative in archaeology, and three case studies from the prehistory of the New Guinea Highlands are presented in support: a brief review of the debate over the impact of sweet potato on Highland society; an analysis of the changing interpretations of the Kuk Swamp agricultural site by Jack Golson; and a summary of the role of indigenous narratives in accounting for the history of wetland drainage amongst Huli speakers in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Fratricide and inequality: things fall apart in eastern New Guinea
Authors: Burton John 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper contrasts models of increasing social integration in the central valleys of the New Guinea highlands advanced by Watson, Modjeska and Golson with that of a society constructed entirely differently at the eastern end of the central mountain chain, that of the Upper Watut of Morobe Province. Watut settlements were traditionally locked into a cycle of fission, foundation and accretion caused by the inability of lineage mates to live together without conflict. At a point in the recent past, population growth transformed the system into one of expansion and the conquest of new land until this was arrested by the advent of the colonial period.
Recent archaeological findings at Qaranilaca Cave, Vanuabalavu Island, Fiji
Authors: Thomas Frank R. , Nunn Patrick D. , Osborne Tamara , Kumar Roselyn , Areki Francis , Matararaba Sepeti , Steadman David , Hope Geoff 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA large sea cave on the southeastern tip of Vanuabalavu Island, northeast Fiji was excavated and shown to have been used by humans from about 1100 cal BP with rapid accumulation of material. The cave may have been uninhabitable until sufficient sand had built up to make flooding by the sea a rare event, and a possible fall in sea‐level could have contributed. With rapid cooling and sea‐level fall after about 700 BP, more intensive use followed. The cave probably gained prominence in serving as a location where marine resources were cooked prior to being carried to nearby mountain‐top settlements, established as a consequence of environmental change affecting coastal settlements. It fell into disuse with the re‐establishment of coastal villages about 150 years ago.
Culturally modified human remains recovered from an earth‐oven interment on Waya Island, Fiji
Authors: Cochrane Ethan E. , Pietrusewsky Michael , Douglas Michele T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe incomplete skeletal remains of a young adolescent (10–12 years of age) were recovered from the uppermost layer of an earth‐oven at the Qaranicagi Site (Y2‐39), Waya Island, Fiji. Analysis of the remains revealed minimal fire or heat alteration. Cut marks are distributed across several elements and suggest at least partial butchering of the individual.
A revised sequence of backed artefact production at Capertee 3, New South Wales
Authors: Hiscock Peter , Attenbrow Val 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRe‐analysis of the artefact assemblage from Capertee 3, an Australian rockshelter excavated by F.D. McCarthy in the 1950s and 1960s, yields a revised image of chronological changes in backed artefact production. A technologically‐defined sample of backed retouched flakes gives a new depiction of the vertical distribution of backed artefacts in this site. Analysis of artefact weathering indicates most specimens were probably altered in situ, with minimal large‐scale vertical displacement. Calibration of radiocarbon dates provides refined age‐depth estimates for the site. The result is identification of backed artefacts up to 6000 to 7000 years old, documentation of many backed specimens prior to 3500 cal b.p., and observation of only a relatively brief period, between 1500 and 3500 cal b.p., in which backed artefact production rates were extremely high. Changes in production rates are similar to those previously reported from Upper Mangrove Creek.
Human impact on the natural environment in early colonial Australia
Authors: Gale S.J. , Haworth R.J. , Cook D.E. , Williams N.J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLittle Llangothlin Lagoon on the New England Tablelands of northeast New South Wales possesses the most detailed and best verified 210Pb chronology yet available in Australia. Recent criticisms of the length of the record are shown to be based on a faulty understanding of the principles of 210Pb dating. Attempts to revise the chronology of the lower part of the dated sequence by several decades must be rejected given that (a) fundamentally dissimilar chronological models yield ages that are statistically indistinguishable and (b) the most extreme manipulation of the modelling data fails to alter the basal dates in the profile by more than three years. The most telling criticism of the revisionist view, however, comes from the exact concordance between the dates from the basal part of the sequence, the historical date of official European contact and the massive changes in palynology, geochemistry and soil erosion resulting from that contact.The thesis that environmental disturbance immediately prior to the time of official European contact in Australia was the result of human activity is supported by a wealth of documentary evidence revealing the illegal or unsanctioned presence of Europeans throughout much of southern and eastern Australia years before official records began. Likewise, it is clear that many elements of the pre‐contact Australian environment, including certain of its soils, were fragile and susceptible to rapid and dramatic disturbance under the impact of European land use. Finally, there is convincing evidence of stable chemical and mineralogical conditions in several southeast Australian lakes throughout the last millennium or more, conditions that were altered catastrophically with the arrival of the first Europeans and their stock.
Integrating systems analysis and control for implementing process analytical technology in bioprocess development
Authors: Gomes James , Chopda Viki R. , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper provides a perspective on the increasingly critical role that systems analysis and process control play in bioprocess development today. This is of particular importance to the manufacturers of biotech therapeutics since the product quality is critical and depends on the process and its control. Because a large number of process variables and raw materials can influence the overall outcome of a bioprocess, the correct determination of the process trajectory is often an intensive exercise. A follow‐up involving design of a suitable process control strategy for implementation of process conditions would be logical. However, such an exercise can no longer consider each unit operation one at a time but rather requires holistic inclusion of all upstream and downstream unit operations for successfully meeting the global standards laid down by various regulatory agencies by exploring the potential of process analytical technology (PAT) to achieve bigger objectives. In this perspective, the focus is on the core issues associated with process integration and how these may influence future process development. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A Tandem Controlled Radical Polymerization Technique for the Synthesis of Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Block Copolymers: Successive ATRP, SET‐NRC, and NMP
Authors: Zhou Yin‐Ning , Chen Zhi‐Chao , Wei Chuan , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: November 2014

Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine), polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine), and poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) block copolymers are synthesized by successive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), single‐electron‐transfer nitroxide‐radical‐coupling (SET‐NRC) and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP). This paper demonstrates that this new approach offers an efficient method for the preparation of 4‐vinylpyridine‐containing copolymers.
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MR elastography of prostate cancer: quantitative comparison with histopathology and repeatability of methods
Authors: Sahebjavaher Ramin S. , Nir Guy , Honarvar Mohammad , Gagnon Louis O. , Ischia Joseph , Jones Edward C. , Chang Silvia D. , Fazli Ladan , Goldenberg S. Larry , Rohling Robert , Kozlowski Piotr , Sinkus Ralph , Salcudean Septimiu E. 
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this work was to assess trans‐perineal prostate magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for (1) repeatability in phantoms/volunteers and (2) diagnostic power as correlated with histopathology in prostate cancer patients.The three‐dimensional (3D) displacement field was obtained using a fractionally encoded gradient echo sequence using a custom‐made transducer. The repeatability of the method was assessed based on three repeat studies and by changing the driving frequency by 3% in studies on a phantom and six healthy volunteers. Subsequently, 11 patients were examined with MRE prior to radical prostatectomy. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated using a windowed voxel‐to‐voxel approach by comparing the 2D registered slides, masked with the Gleason score.For the repeatability study, the average intraclass correlation coefficient for elasticity images was 99% for repeat phantom studies, 98% for ±6 Hz phantom studies, 95% for volunteer repeat studies with 2 min acquisition time, 82% for ±2 Hz volunteer studies with 2 min acquisition time and 73% for repeat volunteer studies with 8 min acquisition time. For the patient study, the average elasticity was 8.2 ± 1.7 kPa in the prostate capsule, 7.5 ± 1.9 kPa in the peripheral zone (PZ), 9.7 ± 3.0 kPa in the central gland (CG) and 9.0 ± 3.4 kPa in the transition zone. In the patient study, cancerous tissue with Gleason score at least 3 + 3 was significantly (p < 0.05) different from normal tissue in 10 out of 11 cases with tumors in the PZ, and 6 out of 9 cases with tumors in the CG. However, the overall case‐averaged area under the curve was 0.72 in the PZ and 0.67 in the CG.Cancerous tissue was not always stiffer than normal tissue. The inversion algorithm was sensitive to (i) vibration amplitude and displacement nodes and (ii) misalignment of the 3D wave field due to subject movement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential Pareto‐Optimal Decisions Made During Emergent Complex Systems of Systems: An Application to the FAA NextGen
Authors: Haimes Yacov Y. , Anderegg Alfred 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the challenges facing participants, including stakeholders, decision makers, systems engineers, and risk analysts in modeling and managing the development of on‐going emergent complex systems of systems (S‐o‐S), with a focus on the centrality of the state variables and the time frame. More specifically, this article addresses the critical role that shared (common) states and decisions, and the time frame play in modeling the interconnectedness and interdependencies among the subsystems that constitute emergent (S‐o‐S). The theoretical and methodological concepts are harmonized through their relevance to the ongoing emergent Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Next Generation (NextGen) complex (S‐o‐S) project. Appropriate parts of the Dynamic Roadmap for risk modeling, assessment, management, and communication and their companion principles and guidelines, are used to guide the analyses. Moreover, decisions made at time t for one subsystem will subsequently change the states of that subsystem as well as affect other interconnected and interdependent subsystems that share states. This phenomenon is profoundly important even when the time frame of the affected states is measured in months or years, as is the case in the application discussed in this article. The centrality of the time frame in decision making is even more important when the impact of current decisions on future options affect not only the intended subsystem, but can also inadvertently affect other subsystems in the future. A Flowchart relates the (S‐o‐S)‐based theory and methodology to the FAA's NextGen complex (S‐o‐S) project.
Introduction of MMG standard method for ship maneuvering predictions
Authors: Yasukawa H. , Yoshimura Y. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A lot of simulation methods based on Maneuvering Modeling Group (MMG) model for ship maneuvering have been presented. Many simulation methods sometimes harm the adaptability of hydrodynamic force data for the maneuvering simulations since one method may be not applicable to other method in general. To avoid this, basic part of the method should be common. Under such a background, research committee on “standardization of mathematical model for ship maneuvering predictions” was organized by the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers and proposed a prototype of maneuvering prediction method for ships, called “MMG standard method”. In this article, the MMG standard method is introduced. The MMG standard method is composed of 4 elements; maneuvering simulation model, procedure of the required captive model tests to capture the hydrodynamic force characteristics, analysis method for determining the hydrodynamic force coefficients for maneuvering simulations, and prediction method for maneuvering motions of a ship in fullscale. KVLCC2 tanker is selected as a sample ship and the captive mode test results are presented with a process of the data analysis. Using the hydrodynamic force coefficients presented, maneuvering simulations are carried out for KVLCC2 model and the fullscale ship for validation of the method. The present method can roughly capture the maneuvering motions and is useful for the maneuvering predictions in fullscale.
Tiller population dynamics of reciprocally transplanted Eriophorum vaginatum L. ecotypes in a changing climate
Authors: Chandler Jennifer L. , McGraw James B. , Bennington Cynthia , Shaver Gaius R. , Vavrek Milan C. , Fetcher Ned 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMoist tussock tundra, dominated by the sedge Eriophorum vaginatum L., covers approximately 3.36 × 108 km2 of arctic surface area along with large amounts of subarctic land area. Eriophorum vaginatum exhibits ecotypic differentiation along latitudinal gradients in Alaska. While ecotypic differentiation may be beneficial during periods of climate stability, it may be detrimental as climate changes, causing adaptational lag. Following harvest of a 30‐year reciprocal transplant experiment, age‐specific demographic data on E. vaginatum tillers were collected to parameterize a Leslie matrix. Yellow Taxi analysis, based on Tukey's Jackknife, was used to determine mean pseudovalues of tiller population growth rate () for four source populations of E. vaginatum tussocks that were transplanted to each of three gardens along a latitudinal gradient. Source populations responded differentially along the latitudinal gradient. Survival and daughter tiller production influenced differences seen at the mid‐latitude garden, and the overall tiller population performance was generally improved by northward transplanting relative to southward transplanting. A comparison of home‐source and away‐source within the same transplant garden indicates no home‐site advantage. Although populations were still growing when transplanted to home‐sites ( = 1.056), tiller population growth rate increased as ΔGDD became more negative relative to the home site (i.e., as tussocks were transplanted north). These results imply that populations are affected by climate gradients in a manner consistent with adaptational lag. This study documenting the response of high‐latitude ecotypes to climate gradients may be an indication of the possible future effects of climate shift in more southern latitudes.
The impact of psychosocial factors on claims outcomes in the group income protection market: findings from a prospective pilot study
Authors: Van Den Akker Carly 
Published: November 2014

Research suggests that psychosocial factors predict recovery better than biomedical factors alone in the normal population. However, no studies have been carried out in the disability income insurance setting, where the availability of financial cover is usually perceived as the main detractor of recovery and return to work.Swiss Re's clinical claims team in collaboration with the Research & Development team, conducted a 3 year prospective study to evaluate the role of psychosocial factors in recovery within a group income protection sample. Predictors of return to work were: beliefs about recovery and work, work ethic, coping, and self-efficacy. Interestingly, medical diagnosis alone and treatment did not predict recovery and return to work in this sample.Our objective was to conduct research to gain an understanding of psychosocial predictors in the insurance setting, and additionally to develop specific claims management strategies for our claims assessors to manage their claims more effectively through exploring the psychosocial barriers influencing on a claimant's absence, and providing adequate support at the right time, in a cost-effective manner.
Enhanced DM program in British Columbia's healthcare sector
Authors: Morrison Theresa , deHek Lani 
Published: November 2014

Background: The Healthcare Sector in British Columbia, Canada is comprised of over 110,000 employees covered by four union collective agreements. The overall disability burden for this industry is close to $300M annually. The EDMP was negotiated and developed through employer-union partnership. It is a province-wide program that is a component of the four healthcare collective agreements. Implemented in 2012, EDMP supports employees that are absent from work/struggling at work due to occupational or non-occupational illness/injury.Objectives: To showcase a leading DM best practice, highlighting effective joint union/employer stewardship of a comprehensive DM program for a major industry in British Columbia, Canada.Methods: Participation in EDMP is required for regular employees who meet one of the following criteria:
•shift due to illness or injury resulting from a work-related event•consecutive shifts due to a non work-related illness or injury.Comprehensive policy and process documents developed collaboratively guide the program, with provincial steering joint committee over-site. Union representatives with DM-specific training support the program, working in collaboration with employer's DM professionals to administer a pro-active, comprehensive case management plan with an overarching principle of early intervention and recovery at work. DM-related issues are removed from the labor-relations realm, with a separate dispute resolution process to address disagreements with case management plans.Findings: The collaborative partnership between EDMP union reps and employer DM professionals facilitates engagement of injured/ill employee and improves the ability to identify and address return to work barriers: medical, workplace, vocational, personal. The mandatory component of the CA language improves engagement from both union and employer, with reductions in both WCB and LTD claim durations as a positive result. Fewer conflicts regarding DM related issues are an additional benefit.Conclusion: The EDMP should be used a model of effective union-employer partnership in the management of employee illness/injury and should be replicated in other industries/jurisdictions.