bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species and environmental characteristics point to flow regulation and drought as drivers of riparian plant invasion
Authors: Catford Jane A. , Morris William K. , Vesk Peter A. , Gippel Christopher J. , Downes Barbara J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimMany factors facilitate biological invasions, making it difficult to determine their relative importance, especially when relying on survey data that include confounded variables. Incorporating information about species characteristics can improve inferences drawn from species–environment relationships, which can inform management. We seek to understand why the abundance of exotic, and not native, terrestrial plants is higher in riparian wetlands most impacted by flow regulation.LocationRiver Murray, SE Australia.MethodsWe use variance components analysis and hierarchical generalised linear models to examine whether the positive relationship between flow regulation and proportional cover of exotic plants is driven by altered hydrological regimes, wetland drying and drought, superior colonisation ability of exotic species following disturbance or human‐increased propagule pressure.ResultsOf the four hypotheses, hydrological modification (indicated by flood magnitude) most likely drives invasion. Flow regulation may inhibit native species adapted to the historical hydrological regime, facilitating exotic species with different environmental ranges. A symptom of environmental change, invasion may have been exacerbated by drought, although it is unclear why. There was no indication that human‐increased propagule pressure or colonisation ability facilitated invasion. Exotic cover was unrelated to proximity to towns, recent flood frequency and cattle grazing intensity. Additionally, similar proportions of exotic and native species were used in cultivation and, despite a higher proportion of exotics being known weeds, weed status was unrelated to exotic species occupancy. Overall, colonisation ability was unrelated to species' origin or response to water depth and hydrological change. Although exotics had higher specific leaf area and shorter longevity (indicative of higher colonisation ability), they had heavier (not lighter) seeds and did not differ in height from natives.Main conclusionsUsing environmental flows to reinstate mid‐range floods and augmenting the propagule supply of native species with characteristics suitable for modified conditions may help limit invasion in these wetlands.
On the Relationship between Innovation and Wage Inequality: New Evidence fromCanadian Cities
Authors: Breau Sébastien , Kogler Dieter F. , Bolton Kenyon C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this article, we examine the link between innovation and earnings inequality acrossCanadian cities over the 1996–2006 period. We do so using a novel data set that combines information from theCanadian long‐form census and theUnitedStatesPatent andTrademarkOffice. The analysis reveals that there is a positive relationship between innovation and inequality: cities with higher levels of innovation have more unequal distributions of earnings. Other factors influencing differences in inequality include city size, manufacturing and government employment, the percentage of visible minority in an urban population, and educational inequality. These results are robust to the use of different measures of inequality, innovation, alternative specifications, and instrumental variables estimations. Questions are thus raised about how the benefits of innovation are distributed in society and the long‐term sustainability of such trends.
Visceral leishmaniasis is associated with marked changes in serum lipid profile
Authors: Liberopoulos Evangelos N. , Apostolou Fotini , Gazi Irene F. , Kostara Christina , Bairaktari Eleni T. , Tselepis Alexandros D. , Elisaf Moses 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundInfection is often accompanied by lipid profile alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid profile changes in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL).Materials and methodsWe included 15 patients [10 men, aged 50 (24–82) years old] with VL and 15 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The parameters estimated at diagnosis and 4 months after VL resolution were total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglycerides (TGs), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), apolipoproteins (apo) A‐Ι, B, E, C‐II, C‐III, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], activities of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2), HDL‐Lp‐PLA2, PON1 (paraoxonase 1) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), cytokines (interleukins 1β and 6 and tumour necrosis factor α), as well as LDL subfraction profile.ResultsPatients with VL at diagnosis had lower levels of TC, LDL‐C, apoΒ and Lp(a), and higher TG and apoE concentrations compared with 4 months after VL resolution. The activities of Lp‐PLA2, HDL‐Lp‐PLA2 and ΡΟΝ1 were reduced at diagnosis compared with post‐treatment values. VL patients had decreased levels of both large and sdLDL‐C at diagnosis; no effect on mean LDL particle size was observed. Patients with VL at diagnosis had decreased HDL‐C and apoA‐I concentrations; these increased 4 months after VL resolution, but remained lower compared with controls. The activities of HDL‐Lp‐PLA2 and PON1 remained lower in patients after VL resolution compared with controls.ConclusionsPatients with VL exhibit increased TG levels and decreased cholesterol subclasses at diagnosis. HDL‐C, apoA‐I and associated enzymes remain lower 4 months after VL resolution compared with controls.
The Stock Markets, Banks and Growth Nexus: Asian Islamic Countries
Authors: Rajabi Ehsan , Muhammad Junaina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper is primarily concerned with the empirical relationship between the stock market and banking developments and economic growth in a panel of 10 Asian Islamic countries over the period 1990–2009. In order to explore whether there is a positive relationship between the financial development and growth, this study employs the dynamic panel pooled mean‐group techniques. Having controlled the simultaneity bias, the obtained results prove that the development of both banks and stock markets exerts a significant effect on the economic growth. Furthermore, the results also indicated that in the long run, the bank credit, the turnover ratio, as well as the government consumption variables would be significant while positively contributing to the economic growth. Nonetheless, it was observed that not always the sign of the relationship was identical among diverse specifications and proxies. More specifically when controlling the Asian financial crisis, the stock market development exerts a negative effect on the growth, although it is negative for the banking development. It needs to be asserted that the findings obtained in this research are in accordance with the theories which lay emphasis on the significant and positive role of the financial development in the process of economic growth.
How Theories of Perception Deploy the Line: Reconfiguring Students' Bodies Through Topo‐Philosophy
Authors: de Freitas Elizabeth 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this essay Elizabeth de Freitas follows Tim Ingold's groundbreaking anthropological work on lines and their cultural and material significance to argue that the line is the engine of theory, be it the drawn line of inscription or mathematical measure, the exclusionary line of delineation, or the undulating generative line of flight. De Freitas focuses on contemporary theories of perception that deploy the line — and mobilize the force of theory — so as to encode and reconfigure the student's body. She draws on the work of Gilles Deleuze to develop a topological approach to the line, and argues that such an approach aligns with current philosophical approaches to social interaction that might be termed “topo‐philosophy.”
A comparative analysis of dispersal syndromes in terrestrial and semi‐terrestrial animals
Authors: Stevens Virginie M. , Whitmee Sarah , Le Galliard Jean‐François , Clobert Jean , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Bonte Dries , Brändle Martin , Matthias Dehling D. , Hof Christian , Trochet Audrey , Baguette Michel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDispersal, the behaviour ensuring gene flow, tends to covary with a number of morphological, ecological and behavioural traits. While species‐specific dispersal behaviours are the product of each species’ unique evolutionary history, there may be distinct interspecific patterns of covariation between dispersal and other traits (‘dispersal syndromes’) due to their shared evolutionary history or shared environments. Using dispersal, phylogeny and trait data for 15 terrestrial and semi‐terrestrial animal Orders (> 700 species), we tested for the existence and consistency of dispersal syndromes across species. At this taxonomic scale, dispersal increased linearly with body size in omnivores, but decreased above a critical length in herbivores and carnivores. Species life history and ecology significantly influenced patterns of covariation, with higher phylogenetic signal of dispersal in aerial dispersers compared with ground dwellers and stronger evidence for dispersal syndromes in aerial dispersers and ectotherms, compared with ground dwellers and endotherms. Our results highlight the complex role of dispersal in the evolution of species life‐history strategies: good dispersal ability was consistently associated with high fecundity and survival, and in aerial dispersers it was associated with early maturation. We discuss the consequences of these findings for species evolution and range shifts in response to future climate change.
Usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography using Sonazoid for the assessment of therapeutic response to percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nishigaki Yoichi , Hayashi Hideki , Tomita Eiichi , Suzuki Yusuke , Watanabe Naoki , Watanabe Satoshi , Watanabe Chiaki , Takagi Yui , Kato Tomohiro , Naiki Takafumi 
Published: June 2014

AimAccurate assessment of the coagulated area is imperative to achieve an excellent outcome from percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the efficacy of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with the contrast‐enhancing agent Sonazoid for precisely assessing the therapeutic effect of PRFA for HCC.MethodsWe enrolled 87 consecutive patients with solitary naïve HCC of less than 3 cm in diameter. PRFA treatment was performed with a 17‐G cool‐tip needle, and CEUS was performed to assess the ablative margin 3 h after the procedure, when the coagulated tumor outline was easiest to discern. The treatment was repeated until an ablative margin greater than 5 mm was confirmed. After CEUS assessment of the therapeutic response, the patients were followed to investigate local tumor recurrence.ResultsIn 78 patients (89.7%), the outline of the coagulated tumors could be recognized by ultrasonography, and CEUS assessment of the ablative margin was successful. The remaining nine patients were assessed by computed tomography. The 5‐year cumulative survival rate after the assessment of the treatment response with CEUS was 58.4%, and the 4‐year cumulative total recurrence rate was 72.3%. The 5‐year cumulative local tumor recurrence rate was very low (2.3%).ConclusionThe assessment with CEUS at 3 h after the PRFA procedure was successful in the majority of the patients, and it yielded a very low rate of local recurrence.
Basic evaluation of Pentra MS CRP, a new automated hematology analyzer for rapid 5‐part WBC differential and CRP using a small volume of whole blood
Authors: Inaba T. , Nomura N. , Ishizuka K. , Yoshioka K. , Takahashi M. , Yuasa S. , Saito K. , Fujitomo Y. , Nakanishi M. , Fujita N. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroductionPentra MS CRP is a new automated hematology analyzer that can rapidly and reliably provide 5‐part differential of leukocytes (5‐Diff) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) within approximately 3.5 min using a small volume of whole blood (35 μL).MethodsWe evaluated the basic performance of Pentra MS CRP and correlations with Sysmex XN‐3000, manual microscopic count, and Hitachi LABOSPECT.ResultsPentra MS CRP demonstrated good repeatability and linearity without any significant carryover for all parameters examined (WBC, RBC, HGB, Hct, PLT, 5‐Diff, and CRP). Complete blood cell count (CBC) data examined by Pentra MS CRP correlated well with those evaluated by Sysmex XN‐3000 (R ≥ 0.9880). Absolute number of NEU, LYM, and EOS also showed the good correlation (R ≥ 0.9866) between the two analyzers. The correlation with the manual microscopic count was within acceptable criteria. Furthermore, when CRP was examined in hemolyzed whole blood by Pentra MS CRP and converted to plasma concentrations according to Hct, it correlated well (R = 0.9964) with serum CRP examined by Hitachi LABOSPECT.ConclusionPentra MS CRP is a convenient and reliable analyzer especially in the emergency unit of hospitals in which the prompt and simultaneous measurement of CBC including 5‐Diff and CRP is often necessary.
An investigation into dental anxiety amongst paediatric cardiology patients
Authors: Hollis Amy , Willcoxson Fiona , Smith Adam , Balmer Richard 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThere is evidence that children with cardiac conditions have high levels of untreated dental disease. One possible explanation is that they are more dentally anxious as a result of increased exposure to medical interventions. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare the level of dental anxiety between paediatric cardiology patients and healthy children.MethodsThe study group comprised 54 children (mean age 12.2 years) who attended the outpatient paediatric cardiology clinic in tertiary care. The control group (n = 53, mean age 12.38 years) was recruited from consultant‐led new‐patient orthodontic clinics. Child dental anxiety was measured using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (faces version). The parents completed the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale along with a questionnaire regarding their child's medical and dental histories.ResultsThe mean level of dental anxiety was significantly higher in the study group (P < 0.05). Analysis of covariance indicated that overnight hospital admission history may have influenced the strength of this relationship.ConclusionsPaediatric cardiology patients had significantly increased levels of dental anxiety. It is likely that aspects of their medical history, notably overnight hospital admissions, are contributory factors.
Normal and Abnormal Grain Growths in BaTiO3 Fibers
Authors: Chen Zhaoxi , Peng Fei 
Published: June 2014

The grain growth mechanisms along the BaTiO3 fibers were studied between 1150°C and 1250°C. The normal grain growth always reached a stagnant stage after certain heat‐treatment duration caused by the surface pinning effect. However, the abnormal grain growth (AGG) was not pinned by such surface effect, and can grow continuously. The confined normal grain (or matrix grain) size provides the driving force for AGG. The fiber diameter has an important influence on the grain growth behaviors. Submicrometer fibers have relative small stagnant grain sizes, resulting in large driving force for AGG. Abnormal grain growth occurred below 1200°C in the submicrometer diameter fibers, but was not observed at the same temperature in the fibers with diameter of above 1 μm. Due to the large AGG driving force, large number densities of abnormal grains were observed in submicrometer fibers, resulting in “bamboo‐like” microstructure. Fibers with diameters of 1–2 μm were able to be converted into single crystal fibers up to several tens of micrometers due to the relative small AGG driving forces.
CASH FLOWS, CURRENCY RISK, AND THE COST OF CAPITAL
Authors: Du Ding , Hu Ou 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCurrency fluctuations can affect firms' cash flows. There is evidence that cash flows are related to a covariance risk factor in global stock markets. Taken together, these two lines of research suggest that the underlying link between currency movements and stock returns may be the cash flow. We test this transmission mechanism with the mimicking portfolio approach. Empirically, we find that our test assets have significant exposure to the currency factor‐mimicking portfolio and this factor carries a significant and positive risk premium.
CONVEXITY, MAGNIFICATION, AND TRANSLATION: THE EFFECT OF MANAGERIAL OPTION‐BASED COMPENSATION ON CORPORATE CASH HOLDINGS
Authors: Belghitar Yacine , Clark Ephraim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUsing the distinctions among the convexity, magnification, and translation effects, we identify the pertinent parameters and examine empirically the relation between cash holdings and option‐based managerial compensation. We show that changes in delta reduce the effects of magnification and convexity on managerial risk aversion. We also provide evidence that there is a negative relation between the option‐based incentives delta and vega and cash holdings. These results are robust when incentives are extended to include all executive board members and when the sample is broken down according to different risk characteristics.
The effect of Mn on mineral stability in metapelites revisited: new a–x relations for manganese‐bearing minerals
Authors: White R. W. , Powell R. , Johnson T. E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe a–x relations recently presented in White et al. (, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 32, 261–286) are extended to include MnO. This provides a set of internally consistent a–x relations for metapelitic rocks in the MnO–Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O2 (MnNCKFMASHTO) system. The mixing parameters for the Mn‐bearing minerals were estimated using the micro‐ϕ approach of Powell et al. (, Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 32, 245–260). Then the Mn‐end‐member thermodynamic properties were calibrated using a database of co‐existing minerals involving literature data from rocks and from experiments on natural materials. Mn‐end‐members were calibrated for orthopyroxene, cordierite, staurolite, chloritoid, chlorite, biotite, ilmenite and hematite, assuming known properties for the garnet end‐member spessartine. The addition of MnO to phase diagram calculations results in a marked expansion of the stability of garnet‐bearing assemblages. At greenschist facies conditions garnet stability is extended down temperature. At amphibolite facies conditions, the garnet‐in boundary shifts to lower pressure. While the addition of MnO greatly influences the stability of garnet, it has relatively little effect on the stability of other common metapelitic minerals, with the resultant diagrams being topologically very similar to those calculated without MnO. Furthermore, the addition of MnO in the amounts measured in most metapelites has only a small effect on the mode of garnet, with calculated garnet modes remaining smaller than 1% in the P–T range outside its predicted Mn‐free P–T range.
Spatially varying regularization of deconvolution in 3D microscopy
Authors: SEO J. , HWANG S. , LEE J.‐M. , PARK H. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryConfocal microscopy has become an essential tool to explore biospecimens in 3D. Confocal microcopy images are still degraded by out‐of‐focus blur and Poisson noise. Many deconvolution methods including the Richardson–Lucy (RL) method, Tikhonov method and split‐gradient (SG) method have been well received. The RL deconvolution method results in enhanced image quality, especially for Poisson noise. Tikhonov deconvolution method improves the RL method by imposing a prior model of spatial regularization, which encourages adjacent voxels to appear similar. The SG method also contains spatial regularization and is capable of incorporating many edge‐preserving priors resulting in improved image quality. The strength of spatial regularization is fixed regardless of spatial location for the Tikhonov and SG method. The Tikhonov and the SG deconvolution methods are improved upon in this study by allowing the strength of spatial regularization to differ for different spatial locations in a given image. The novel method shows improved image quality. The method was tested on phantom data for which ground truth and the point spread function are known. A Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence value of 0.097 is obtained with applying spatially variable regularization to the SG method, whereas KL value of 0.409 is obtained with the Tikhonov method. In tests on a real data, for which the ground truth is unknown, the reconstructed data show improved noise characteristics while maintaining the important image features such as edges.
Stressors, withdrawal, and sabotage in frontline employees: The moderating effects of caring and service climates
Authors: Kao Feng‐Hsia , Cheng Bor‐Shiuan , Kuo Chien‐Chih , Huang Min‐Ping 
Published: June 2014

In this study, we examine frontline employees in a multifoci approach for clarifying relationships between social stressors caused by supervisors, colleagues and customers, and turnover intentions, sick leave and service sabotage. The study also considers caring climates and service climates for moderating effects. Data were collected from 420 frontline employees and 30 supervisors in 30 hotels in the hospitality industry. Hierarchical linear model analysis confirmed that supervisor‐caused stressors were more strongly related to turnover intention; colleague‐caused stressors were more strongly related to sick leave; and customer‐caused stressors were more strongly related to service sabotage. In addition, caring climates moderated the relationships between supervisor‐ and customer‐caused stressors and turnover intentions. Service climates moderated the relationships between supervisor‐ and customer‐caused stressors and service sabotage. The findings corroborate the target similarity model. The implications of this study for research and practice are discussed.Practitioner points

The study should help managers understand why employees display withdrawal or sabotage behaviours. Managers should examine social stressors precisely and carefully to find the best ways to decrease employees' negative behaviours.

Establishing both caring climates and service climates in organizations will help prevent employees' turnover intention or service sabotage.