bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education of Murine NK Cells Requires Both cis and trans Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules
Authors: Bessoles Stéphanie , Angelov Georgi S. , Back Jonathan , Leclercq Georges , Vivier Eric , Held Werner 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Although NK cells use invariant receptors to identify diseased cells, they nevertheless adapt to their environment, including the presence of certain MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules. This NK cell education, which is mediated by inhibitory receptors specific for MHC-I molecules, changes the responsiveness of activating NK cell receptors (licensing) and modifies the repertoire of MHC-I receptors used by NK cells. The fact that certain MHC-I receptors have the unusual capacity to recognize MHC-I molecules expressed by other cells (trans) and by the NK cell itself (cis) has raised the question regarding possible contributions of the two types of interactions to NK cell education. Although the analysis of an MHC-I receptor variant suggested a role for cis interaction for NK cell licensing, adoptive NK cell transfer experiments supported a key role for trans recognition. To reconcile some of these findings, we have analyzed the impact of cell type–specific deletion of an MHC-I molecule and of a novel MHC-I receptor variant on the education of murine NK cells when these mature under steady-state conditions in vivo. We find that MHC-I expression by NK cells (cis) and by T cells (trans), and MHC-I recognition in cis and in trans, are both needed for NK cell licensing. Unexpectedly, modifications of the MHC-I receptor repertoire are chiefly dependent on cis binding, which provides additional support for an essential role for this unconventional type of interaction for NK cell education. These data suggest that two separate functions of MHC-I receptors are needed to adapt NK cells to self–MHC-I.
Informalidad y transferencia de valor en las cadenas productivas de la Argentina. Un estudio a partir de la matriz insumo-producto
Authors: Barrera Facundo 
Published: October 2013

Desde la década de 1990, la Argentina exhibe niveles de empleo no registrados que afectan prácticamente a cuatro de cada 10 trabajadores, los que poseen salarios medios hasta un 40 por ciento por debajo de los de sus pares registrados. Asimismo, la informalidad no se distribuye uniformemente a través de los distintos tamaños del capital. La literatura económica de tradición neoclásica, apoyada en la evidencia empírica, sostiene que las pequeñas empresas presentan mayores niveles de informalidad debido a su menor visibilidad, su mayor flexibilidad y mejores oportunidades de eludir los controles estatales; mientras las grandes empresas son más vulnerables a las regulaciones estatales y es menos probable que se aboquen directamente a actividades informales. Sin embargo, ¿son las pequeñas empresas las que retienen los márgenes de ganancia producto de la precarización de los trabajadores o estos son transferidos al gran capital? El presente trabajo muestra los avances de investigación acerca del carácter funcional de la informalidad laboral, resaltando los vínculos intrasectoriales. Para esto se utiliza el concepto de Bloques Sectoriales de Leontief, y se aplica a cuadros de relaciones intersectoriales de Argentina (Lifschitz 2004). La utilización de dichos cuadros obedece a la necesidad de vincular la estructura de relaciones interindustriales con los niveles de informalidad de la fuerza de trabajo.
Use of Parathyroid Hormone Assay after Thyroidectomy: A Survey of US and European Surgeons
Authors: Stein Daniel J. , Noordzij J. Pieter , Kepchar Jessica , McLeod Ian K. , Brietzke Scott , Caló Pietro Giorgio 
Published: October 2013

Introduction Hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy results in prolongation of hospitalization and patient discomfort but can be predicted by PTH assays. However, there is considerable variation in their use. Methods This study was undertaken to document current US and European practice patterns regarding the use of this assay. Anonymous surveys were collected in 2009–2011 from members of the American Academies of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Endocrine Surgery and the European, Italian, French, Spanish and British Societies of Endocrine Surgery. Results There were 356 American (3% response) and 61 European (10% response) respondents. 105 (29.8%) American and 25 (41%) European respondents reported routine PTH assay use. Fellowship trained surgeons reported increased use of the PTH assay (P = 0.004). Shorter reported average post-operative hospital stay was associated with American physicians (P = 0.0001), community practice location (P = 0.0002) and routine calcium supplementation ( P = 0.0015). Conclusions Surgical training was associated with routine use of the PTH assay. Average reported hospital stay was lower for American and community practice physicians and correlated with post-operative oral calcium use.
MRI evaluation of hip containment and congruency after closed reduction in congenital hip dislocation
Authors: Druschel Claudia , Placzek Richard , Selka Lina , Seidl Tamara , Funk Julia 
Published: October 2013

Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip is the most common congenital skeletal disease. In its most severe form - dislocation - the treatment is directed at reducing the hip and establishing normal congruency between the femoral head and the acetabulum. Closed reduction with casting is a common primary treatment, where reduction is confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective This study analyses anatomical aspects depicted on MRI after closed reduction to identify disparities in the growth behaviour of dislocated hips. Materials and methods In 38 patients MRI after closed reduction was available for analysis. After exclusion of children with underlying diseases or syndromes, MRIs of 28 children were evaluated with respect to head coverage index, acetabular head index and sphericity. The results were compared to the stable opposite sides. Results Twenty-two stable and 27 initially unstable hips were available for further analysis. The head coverage index as well as the acetabular head index of the unstable hips was significantly smaller than that of the stable hips. The sphericity score of the dislocated femoral heads was significantly lower than that of the stable ones. Conclusion Dislocated hips showed significantly lower values for all of the evaluated parameters concerning congruency and containment. MRI is not only useful to confirm successful reduction but may also help to predict outcome by evaluating following dislocation.
Clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of split‐hand/foot malformation: An update
Authors: Gurrieri Fiorella , Everman David B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe here provide an update on the clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of split‐hand/foot malformation (SHFM). This rare condition, affecting 1 in 8,500–25,000 newborns, is extremely complex because of its variability in clinical presentation, irregularities in its inheritance pattern, and the heterogeneity of molecular genetic alterations that can be found in affected individuals. Both syndromal and nonsyndromal forms are reviewed and the major molecular genetic alterations thus far reported in association with SHFM are discussed. This updated overview should be helpful for clinicians in their efforts to make an appropriate clinical and genetic diagnosis, provide an accurate recurrence risk assessment, and formulate a management plan. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Big Picture Down Under: CASSE (Creating a Safe Supportive Environment)
Authors: Aston Carolyn 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe have two reports on our work in Australia under the umbrella of a project called CASSE. Its two divisions are a school project described here in a setting where psychoanalytic knowledge is used directly to help schools. In Australia there is much less antipathy to psychoanalysis than there is in USA both among mental health professionals and school teachers The next project is an ambitious effort to help the Australian Aboriginal achieve an adequate relationship with the Australian people and the Federal Government. This account will appear in the next issue. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved and provable self‐certified digital signature scheme with message recovery
Authors: Wu Fan , Xu Lili 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a self‐certified digital signature scheme with message recovery that is proven to be secure. So far, many schemes of this kind have been proposed to keep message secret in the transmission. But Zhang et al. has proposed the man‐in‐middle attack to Shao's self‐certified signature scheme, which is based on discrete logarithm. The attacker can make a new signature by using an old one, but the reason of such man‐in‐middle attack was not referred. We present the scheme of Yoon et al., which is also based on discrete logarithm, that cannot resist man‐in‐middle attack either, give the analysis of the attack, and propose a new scheme. The proposed scheme can resist forgery attack in the random oracle model and avoid message leakage, the man‐in‐middle attack, and meanwhile has several security characters. Compared with some self‐certified schemes, our scheme is the best because of the time cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partitioning of soil phosphorus regulates competition between Vaccinium vitis‐idaea and Deschampsia cespitosa
Authors: Ahmad‐Ramli Mohd F. , Cornulier Thomas , Johnson David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that the wide range of forms and complexities of phosphorus (P) in soil may result in resource partitioning that contributes to the maintenance of plant species diversity. Here, we test whether the graminoid, Deschampsia cespitosa, and the ericaceous shrub, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea, which often coexist, display preferences in utilization of P forms, and differ in their production of extracellular P‐degrading enzymes. We provided plants with no additional P, or P forms with decreasing lability, namely sodium phosphate (SP), D‐glucose 6 phosphate (DG6P), sodium phytate (PASS), and a combination of SP, DG6P, and PASS. We also tested if preferences for P forms affected the competitive outcomes between the two species compared between conspecifics, as indicated by shoot biomass and acquisition of nitrogen (N) and P. Both D. cespitosa and V. vitis‐idaea produced the greatest biomass when supplied with a mix of all three forms of P. Of the three forms of P tested alone, shoot biomass produced by both species was least when supplied with SP. D. cespitosa performed better when grown with PASS or a mix of all P forms compared with the performance of V. vitis‐idaea on these substrates. This was reflected by substantially greater phytase activity on the surface of its roots compared with V. vitis‐idaea. In contrast, V. vitis‐idaea produced more phosphomonoesterase to hydrolyze the simple organic P form, DG6P. Although N was kept constant in the treatments, the ability of plants to acquire it was dependent on species identity, competition, and P supply. These findings provide direct evidence for preferences toward specific forms of P and indicate a key role played by organic forms of P. The results support the idea that partitioning for soil P is one factor regulating plant competition, and ultimately, community composition. Our data also highlight the importance of the interplay between P supply and N acquisition.
Daphnia predation on the amphibian chytrid fungus and its impacts on disease risk in tadpoles
Authors: Searle Catherine L. , Mendelson Joseph R. , Green Linda E. , Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDirect predation upon parasites has the potential to reduce infection in host populations. For example, the fungal parasite of amphibians, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is commonly transmitted through a free‐swimming zoospore stage that may be vulnerable to predation. Potential predators of Bd include freshwater zooplankton that graze on organisms in the water column. We tested the ability of two species of freshwater crustacean (Daphnia magna and D. dentifera) to consume Bd and to reduce Bd density in water and infection in tadpoles. In a series of laboratory experiments, we allowed Daphnia to graze in water containing Bd while manipulating Daphnia densities, Daphnia species identity, grazing periods and concentrations of suspended algae (Ankistrodesmus falcatus). We then exposed tadpoles to the grazed water. We found that high densities of D. magna reduced the amount of Bd detected in water, leading to a reduction in the proportion of tadpoles that became infected. Daphnia dentifera, a smaller species of Daphnia, also reduced Bd in water samples, but did not have an effect on tadpole infection. We also found that algae affected Bd in complex ways. When Daphnia were absent, less Bd was detected in water and tadpole samples when concentrations of algae were higher, indicating a direct negative effect of algae on Bd. When Daphnia were present, however, the amount of Bd detected in water samples showed the opposite trend, with less Bd when densities of algae were lower. Our results indicate that Daphnia can reduce Bd levels in water and infection in tadpoles, but these effects vary with species, algal concentration, and Daphnia density. Therefore, the ability of predators to consume parasites and reduce infection is likely to vary depending on ecological context.
Structural evolution of monsoon clouds in the Indian CTCZ
Authors: Sengupta Kamalika , Dey Sagnik , Sarkar Mampi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStructural evolution of monsoon clouds in the core monsoon region of India has been examined using multisensor data. Invigoration of warm clouds above 4.5 km (occurring in only 15.4% days of the last 11 monsoon seasons) is associated with a transition from negative to positive normalized rainfall anomaly. Cloud top pressure reduces with an increase in aerosol optical depth at a higher rate of invigoration in drier condition (characterized by large fraction of absorbing aerosols) than wet condition. Cloud effective radius for warm clouds does not show any significant change with an increase in aerosol concentration in the presence of high liquid water path, probably due to strong buffering role of meteorology. The structural evolution of monsoon clouds is influenced by both dynamic and microphysical processes that prolong the cloud lifetime, resulting in infrequent rainfall. Our results call for improved representation of aerosol and cloud vertical structures in the climate models to resolve this issue.
Rupture complexity of the Mw 8.3 sea of okhotsk earthquake: Rapid triggering of complementary earthquakes?
Authors: Wei Shengji , Helmberger Don , Zhan Zhongwen , Graves Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe derive a finite slip model for the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk Earthquake (Z = 610 km) by inverting calibrated teleseismic P waveforms. The inversion shows that the earthquake ruptured on a 10° dipping rectangular fault zone (140 km × 50 km) and evolved into a sequence of four large sub‐events (E1–E4) with an average rupture speed of 4.0 km/s. The rupture process can be divided into two main stages. The first propagated south, rupturing sub‐events E1, E2, and E4. The second stage (E3) originated near E2 with a delay of 12 s and ruptured northward, filling the slip gap between E1 and E2. This kinematic process produces an overall slip pattern similar to that observed in shallow swarms, except it occurs over a compressed time span of about 30 s and without many aftershocks, suggesting that sub‐event triggering for deep events is significantly more efficient than for shallow events.
CORRELATES OF CHANGE IN POSTINSTITUTIONALIZED INFANTS’ SUSTAINED SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIOR FOLLOWING ADOPTION
Authors: Dollberg Daphna , Keren Miri 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTInfants adopted from institutions experience inadequate care prior to adoption and are therefore expected to show elevated sustained social withdrawal behavior shortly after being adopted. Social withdrawal is expected to decrease as they adapt to their new families. Sustained social withdrawal was assessed 1 month’ postadoption (Time 1) and again 6 months later (Time 2) via the Baby Alarm Distress procedure (A. Guedeney & J. Fermanian, ). At Time 1, 22.5% of the infants scored within the clinical range for social withdrawal whereas a significant decrease in social withdrawal was indicated at Time 2, with none of the infants scoring above the cutoff score. As predicted, maternal depressive symptoms and insecure attachment were associated with a smaller decrease in infants’ social withdrawal. High maternal expectations for efficacy were associated with a smaller decrease in social withdrawal. Infants’ temperament, gender, age at adoption, developmental level, and maternal marital status were unrelated to the level of change in social withdrawal. Participating in a preventive intervention was not associated with greater change in social withdrawal. These results highlight the beneficial effect of adoption and the role of maternal depression and attachment security in decreasing sustained social withdrawal among internationally adopted infants.
Influence of osteocytes in the in vitro and in vivo β‐tricalcium phosphate‐stimulated osteogenesis
Authors: Chen Zetao , Wu Chengtie , Yuen Jones , Klein Travis , Crawford Ross , Xiao Yin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOsteocytes, known to act as the main regulators of bone homeostasis, have become a major focus in the field of bone research. Bioactive ceramics have been widely used for bone regeneration. However, there are few studies about the interaction of osteocytes with bioceramics. The effects of osteocytes on the in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis of bioceramics are also unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of osteocytes on the β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) stimulated osteogenesis. It was found that osteocytes responded to the β‐TCP stimulation, leading to the release of Wnt (wingless‐related MMTV integration site), which enhanced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells via Wnt signaling pathway. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, an osteoclast inducer, was also upregulated, indicating that osteocytes would also participated in activation of osteoclasts, which played a major role in the degradation process of β‐TCP and new bone remodeling. In vivo studies further demonstrated that when the material was completely embedded by newly formed bone, the only cell contacting with the material was osteocyte. However, the material would eventually be degraded and replaced by the new bone, requiring the participation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which were demonstrated by using immunostaining in this study. As the only cell contacting with the material, osteocytes probably acted in a regulatory role to regulate the surrounding osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteocytes were also found to participate in the maturation of osteoblasts and the mineralization process of biomaterials, by upregulating E11 (podoplanin) and dentin matrix protein 1 expression. These findings indicated that osteocytes involved in bone biomaterial‐mediated osteogenesis and biomaterial degradation, providing valuable insights into the mechanism of material‐stimulated osteogenesis, and a novel strategy to optimize the evaluating system for the biological properties of biomaterials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2813–2823, 2014.
A new class of bioactive glasses: Calcium–magnesium sulfophosphates
Authors: Bassett David C. , Meszaros Robert , Orzol Dominik , Woy Michel , Ling Zhang Yu , Tiedemann Kerstin , Wondraczek Lothar , Komarova Svetlana , Barralet Jake E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLow‐melting ionic sulfophosphate glasses from the system P2O5‐SO4‐MO‐Na2O (M = Zn2+, Ca2+ or Mg2+) have been previously shown by us to allow tuneable aqueous dissolution and also enable processing temperatures well below 400°C. Sulfate ions are extremely safe for use in the body as decades of use of calcium sulfate bone grafts testifies and there is no known limit on their adult oral toxicity. This glass system therefore offers great potential for use as biomaterials, especially in organic–inorganic hybrid systems such as glass‐polymer composites for tissue engineering or drug encapsulation and delivery applications. A compositional region was identified where stable sulfophosphates of the type P2O5‐SO4‐(Ca, Mg, Zn)O‐Na2O can be fabricated. For these glasses, the viscosity‐temperature‐dependence, glass transformation temperatures (Tg) and the onset of crystallization were evaluated as the primary processing parameters. As a first step in exploring their potential as a biomaterial, in this study we examine the bioactivity of several compositions of these glasses using fibroblast, monocyte, and osteoclast cell culture models to determine cellular responses in terms of attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and toxicity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2842–2848, 2014.
The Pleiotropic Effects of miRNAs on Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Yin Runting , Guo Le , Zhang Wei , Zheng Junnian 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAngiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation and growth from already existing venules is critical in vascular development and homeostasis controlled by the balance of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors. Emerging evidence indicates the development, progression, and metastasis of various human cancers are strongly relied on angiogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms that underlie the complex regulation of angiogenic processes are still not fully elucidated. Recent studies revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) were important regulators of tumor angiogenesis and the entire research in this area has entered into a so‐called “miRNAs era.” Thus, miRNAs might be important therapeutic targets or biomarkers for cancer. Due to the complexity of miRNA regulating mechanisms, how specific miRNAs intersect with and modulate tumor angiogenesis is still unclear. The conflicting results of the same miRNAs from different groups indicated that miRNAs might possess potent activity in a cell type or cell context specific manner. Here, we present a summary of latest advances in understanding the roles of angiogenic miRNAs as potential tools or targets in cancer therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1807–1815, 2015. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paleoenvironments during Younger Dryas‐Early Holocene retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet from outer Disko Trough, central west Greenland
Authors: JENNINGS ANNE E. , WALTON MARIAH E. , Ó COFAIGH COLM , KILFEATHER AOIBHEANN , ANDREWS JOHN T. , ORTIZ JOSEPH D. , DE VERNAL ANNE , DOWDESWELL JULIAN A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPaleoenvironments during the late Younger Dryas through early Holocene retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet from the outer shelf in the Disko Trough system of central West Greenland were investigated via lithofacies, foraminifera, dinocysts and sediment provenance analyses in radiocarbon‐dated sediment cores from the upper slope (JR175‐VC35) and outer shelf (JR175‐VC20 and HU2008029‐070CC). Core data show that the ice margin retreated rapidly from the outer shelf by calving, beginning by 12.2k cal a BP under cold paleoceanographic conditions with up to 11 months of sea‐ice. Ice retreat into Disko Bugt was well underway by 10.9k cal a BP. Enhanced ice‐sheet ablation in Disko Bugt and elsewhere along the West Greenland coast is inferred from cold glacial marine conditions associated with high sedimentation rates between 10.9 and 9.5k cal a BP on the outer shelf. Glacial marine conditions are recorded on the outer shelf until 7.8k cal a BP. Detrital carbonate‐bearing sediments rich in >2‐mm clasts deposited between 11.6 and 10.6 k cal a BP indicate that icebergs calved from northern Baffin Bay ice margins were melting and releasing sediments along West Greenland while the Greenland Ice Sheet margin was retreating into Disko Bugt.