bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geraniol Blocks Calcium and Potassium Channels in the Mammalian Myocardium: Useful Effects to Treat Arrhythmias
Authors: de Menezes‐Filho José Evaldo Rodrigues , Gondim Antônio Nei Santana , Cruz Jader Santos , de Souza Américo Azevedo , Santos José Nilson Andrade dos , Conde‐Garcia Eduardo Antônio , de Sousa Damião Pergentino , Santos Michel Santana , de Oliveira Evaleide Diniz , de Vasconcelos Carla Maria Lins 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGeraniol is a monoterpene present in several essential oils, and it is known to have a plethora of pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored the contractile and electrophysiological properties of geraniol and its antiarrhythmic effects in the heart. The geraniol effects on atrial contractility, L‐type Ca2+ current, K+ currents, action potential (AP) parameters, ECG profile and on the arrhythmia induced by ouabain were evaluated. In the atrium, geraniol reduced the contractile force (~98%, EC = 1,510 ± 160 μM) and diminished the positive inotropism of CaCl2 and BAY K8644. In cardiomyocytes, the ICa,L was reduced by 50.7% (n = 5) after perfusion with 300 μM geraniol. Moreover, geraniol prolonged the AP duration (APD) measured at 50% (n = 5) after repolarization, without changing the resting potential. The increased APD could be attributed to the blockade of the transient outward K+ current (Ito) (59.7%, n = 4), the non‐inactivation K+ current (Iss) (39.2%, n = 4) and the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) (33.7%, n = 4). In isolated hearts, geraniol increased PRi and QTi without affecting the QRS complex (n = 6), and it reduced both the left ventricular pressure (83%) and heart rate (16.5%). Geraniol delayed the time to onset of ouabain‐induced arrhythmias by 128%, preventing 30% of the increase in resting tension (n = 6). Geraniol exerts its negative inotropic and chronotropic responses in the heart by decreasing both L‐type Ca2+ and voltage‐gated K+ currents, ultimately acting against ouabain‐induced arrhythmias.
Between global dreams and national duties: the dilemma of conscription duty in the transnational lives of young Korean males
Authors: SONG KIRSTEN YOUNGHEE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study, I examine the dilemmas arising from the tension between citizen duties and youthful aspirations in a globalizing world. The state's requirement of military conscription structures the transnational lives of young Korean male migrants. More particularly, the timeline for serving the duty works as a primary temporal reference for the males' initial migration planning and future projections. Drawn from ethnographic fieldwork and in‐depth interviews among a community of young Koreans in New Jersey, USA, my research reveals that their life planning in accordance with this institutional schedule is vulnerable to unexpected changes. The consequences are potentially detrimental to their futures, which not only differ from their individual ideals but also contain a high risk of marginalization both in Korea and in the USA. Building on the transnational migration literature, which focuses predominantly on spatiality, individual rights/agency and the marginalization of women migrants, I am concerned with temporality, citizens' duties and the constraints of masculinity as important parts of unravelling the complexities of transnational life.
Clinical–MRI Correlations in a Multiethnic Cohort with Recent Lacunar Stroke: The SPS3 Trial
Authors: Benavente Oscar R. , Pearce Lesly A. , Bazan Carlos , Roldan Ana M. , Catanese Luciana , Livezey Viveca M. Bhat , Vidal-Pergola Gabriela , McClure Leslie A. , Hart Robert G. ,   for the SPS3 Investigators
Published: May 2014

Background Neuroimaging manifestations of small vessel disease are heterogeneous, and correlation with patient features has not been adequately characterized. Aim Our goal was to correlate magnetic resonance imaging findings with clinical features in a large multiethnic cohort with recent lacunar stroke. Methods Patient characteristics were correlated with neuroimaging results in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Stroke study participants. Results Among 3005 patients, mean age was 63 years; 62% were men; and 51%, 30%, and 16% were non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, and Black, respectively. Recent lacunar infarcts were distributed between the subcortical hemisphere (31%), thalamus (26%), brainstem/cerebellum (26%), and basal ganglia/internal capsule (16%). Multiple lacunar infarcts (i.e., acute and remote) were present in 40% and associated with increased age (OR 1·3 per 20 years, 95% CI 1·1, 1·5), male gender (OR 1·5, CI 1·3, 1·7), hypertension (OR 1·5, CI 1·2, 1·8), increased systolic blood pressure (OR 1·2 per 20 mmHg, CI 1·1, 1·3), and prior stroke (OR 3·8, CI 2·9, 5·0). Moderate-severe white matter hyperintensities were present in 50% and associated with increased age (OR 4·3 per 20 years, CI 3·4, 5·4), hypertension (OR 1·8, CI 1·4, 2·3), increased systolic blood pressure (OR 1·3 per 20mmHg, CI 1·1, 1·5), increased diastolic blood pressure (OR 1·2 per 10 mm, CI 1·0,1·3), and prior stroke (OR 3·3, CI 2·3, 4·5). Infarct location varied significantly by race-ethnicity ( P < 0·001), with Blacks and Hispanics having more infarcts in the brainstem/cerebellum than non-Hispanic Whites, and by gender with women more often having thalamic lacunes than men ( P ≤ 0·001). Conclusions In patients with recent lacunar stroke, infarct location and number have distinctie associations with gender, vascular risk factors, and race-ethnicity, demonstrating the complex pathogenesis of lacunar stroke and cerebral small artery disease.
Effect of a patient‐directed discharge letter on patient understanding of their hospitalisation
Authors: Lin R. , Gallagher R. , Spinaze M. , Najoumian H. , Dennis C. , Clifton‐Bligh R. , Tofler G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground/AimPoor patient understanding of their diagnosis and treatment plan can adversely impact clinical outcome following hospital discharge. Discharge summaries are primarily written for the doctor rather than the patient. We determined patient understanding of the reasons for hospitalisation, in‐hospital tests, treatments and post–discharge recommendations, and whether a brief patient‐directed discharge letter (PADDLE) delivered during a brief discussion prior to discharge would improve understanding.MethodsA prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted, including 67 hospitalised patients. After a baseline questionnaire, patients were randomised to receive the PADDLE letter or usual care. Those receiving the letter had an immediate follow‐up questionnaire. Patient understanding was compared with a summary letter written by the treating clinician, using a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from none to full understanding. A questionnaire was administered at 3 and 6 months.ResultsAt baseline, patients had almost full understanding (median score 4) of reasons for hospitalisation and treatments. However, despite high self‐appraisal, patients objectively had very little understanding of tests performed and post‐discharge recommendations (median 2). Those receiving the letter had an immediate increase to almost full understanding (median 4) of tests performed (P < 0.001) and to full understanding (median 5) of post‐discharge recommendations. This increase did not persist at 3 or 6 months.ConclusionsA simple patient‐directed letter delivered during a brief discussion improves patient understanding of their hospitalisation and post‐discharge recommendations, which is otherwise limited. Further evaluation of this brief and well‐received intervention is indicated, with the goal of improving patient understanding, satisfaction and clinical outcomes.
Exact mathematical formulations and metaheuristic algorithms for production cost minimization: a case study of the cable industry
Authors: Niroomand Sadegh , Vizvari Bela 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper addresses an application of production scheduling problems in cable industry. In cases where the size and color of cable are changed, the cable industry is classified as a multiproduct, mass production system. Two different mathematical programming models based on continuous time representation are proposed for a case study on the scheduling problem of the cable industry to minimize the total cost including setup cost, operating cost, and inventory holding cost. As the solution methodology, different grouping policies, for example, grouping cables of the same size and grouping cables of the same color are proposed. Then different metaheuristic methods based on simulated annealing and variable neighborhood search algorithms are applied to minimize the total cost of proposed solutions. Finally, the solution with the smallest total cost is selected as the production schedule of the case study, while Xpress solver could not provide any feasible solution for the mathematical models in the problem size of case study.
Principles and methods for automated palynology
Authors: Holt K. A. , Bennett K. D. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryPollen grains are microscopic so their identification and quantification has, for decades, depended upon human observers using light microscopes: a labour‐intensive approach. Modern improvements in computing and imaging hardware and software now bring automation of pollen analyses within reach. In this paper, we provide the first review in over 15 yr of progress towards automation of the part of palynology concerned with counting and classifying pollen, bringing together literature published from a wide spectrum of sources. We consider which attempts offer the most potential for an automated palynology system for universal application across all fields of research concerned with pollen classification and counting. We discuss what is required to make the datasets of these automated systems as acceptable as those produced by human palynologists, and present suggestions for how automation will generate novel approaches to counting and classifying pollen that have hitherto been unthinkable.
Phylogenetic position and morphology of lichenized Trentepohliales (Ulvophyceae,Chlorophyta) from selected species ofGraphidaceae
Authors: Hametner Christina , Stocker‐Wörgötter Elfie , Rindi Fabio , Grube Martin 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe orderTrentepohliales comprises a diverse and widespread group of green algae in temperate and tropical regions. The free‐living representatives of this order have been investigated in more detail, whereas less is known about the trentepohlialean photobionts of lichens. Selected lichen species of the familyGraphidaceae (Graphis propinqua,Graphis scripta,Graphis submarginata) from different climatic regions were chosen for the isolation of trentepohlialean photobionts. Three different nutrient media (modifiedBold'sBasal medium, modifiedWoodsHoleMBLmedium, optimalHaematococcusmedium) were tested for the cultivation of these algae. The differences of the growth reactions of the isolated photobionts in culture were studied examining morphological characteristics, reproductive strategies and variations in carotenoid accumulation. The phylogenetic positions of the photobionts were investigated using sequences of the18S rRNAgene,ITSregion, andrbcLgene. Three photobiont strains were identified asPrintzina lageniferaand one asTrentepohliasp. according to the phylogenetic data and the morphological observations under culture conditions.
Combining the Bayesian Processor of Output with Bayesian Model Averaging for Reliable Ensemble Forecasting
Authors: Marty R. , Fortin V. , Kuswanto H. , Favre A.-C. , Parent E. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryWeather predictions are uncertain by nature. This uncertainty is dynamically assessed by a finite set of trajectories, called ensemble members. Unfortunately, ensemble prediction systems underestimate the uncertainty and thus are unreliable. Statistical approaches are proposed to post-process ensemble forecasts, including Bayesian model averaging and the Bayesian processor of output. We develop a methodology, called the Bayesian processor of ensemble members, from a hierarchical model and combining the two aforementioned frameworks to calibrate ensemble forecasts. The Bayesian processor of ensemble members is compared with Bayesian model averaging and the Bayesian processor of output by calibrating surface temperature forecasting over eight stations in the province of Quebec (Canada). Results show that ensemble forecast skill is improved by the method developed.
Making Markets in theEnglishNationalHealthService
Authors: Powell Martin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMany commentators point to the rise of markets in public services such as healthcare. However, the conventional ‘similarity’ thesis has been challenged by the ‘difference’ thesis. This article critiques and extends the analysis of a recent contribution byJaneGingrich to the ‘difference thesis’ with a more detailed case study of theEnglishNationalHealthService (NHS). It argues that the text tends to ignore earlier models and other associated variables; provides a rather crude monolithic characterization of ‘left’ and ‘right’; and assumes rather than demonstrates strategic choice. It modifies some of her major conclusions: markets in public services matter (correct); markets vary in profound and important ways (correct, but perhaps in other ways); and partisan politics are central to explaining and shaping markets (perhaps over‐stated). WhileGingrich's ‘breadth’ account is persuasive at the macro‐level, some questions arise from a more detailed account of theEnglishNHS. First, it is not certain thatGingrich's typology is based on the most important dimensions. Second, her account tends to under‐state the importance of issues such as the nature of contracts, price competition, regulation and policies such asPrivateFinanceInitiative. Third, it is not clear that the Conservative healthcare market can be characterized as anAusterityMarket, and the Labour market as aConsumer‐ControlledMarket. Fourth, this static characterization under‐states the degree of change between and within governments. Lastly, it is not clear what type of market the coalition government has introduced, but this hybrid type may be marked more by policy learning than ideology.
Transarterial embolization of intractable nasal and oropharyngeal hemorrhage using liquid embolic agents
Authors: Hayes Seth B , Johnson Jeremiah N , Most Zachary , Elhammady Mohamed Samy , Yavagal Dileep , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionIntractable hemorrhage of the nasal or oropharyngeal cavities can be life threatening, and endovascular embolization is one of the few effective treatments for severe recurrent bleeds. Traditionally, embolic particles have been used for transarterial embolization.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of a less commonly performed treatment—namely, feeding artery occlusion with liquid embolic agents.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our neurointerventional database for patients who had undergone transarterial embolization for intractable nasal and oropharyngeal hemorrhage with Onyx, N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) glue, or both, at our institution over a 5-year period from 2008 to 2013.ResultsForty-six patients who underwent a total of 51 procedures met the inclusion criteria. Causes of hemorrhage included neoplasm n=35 (68.6%), trauma n=12 (23.5%), and idiopathic n=4 (7.9%). The bleeding was oropharyngeal in 66.7%, nasal in 29.4%, and 3.9% originated from both sites. Embolic agents used were n-BCA in 26 cases (51.0%), Onyx in 22 cases (43.1%), and both agents in three cases (5.9%). Mean total procedural time was 93.1 min (range 34–323 min), and mean fluoroscopy time was 39.1 min (10– 121 min). Mean follow-up time was 7.4 months (0.25–36 months). Five of the 46 patients (10.9%) required re-embolization and one (2.0%) rebled during the same hospital stay. One periprocedural cardiovascular adverse event occurred that was unrelated to the embolic agent used, but no other complications were seen.ConclusionsTransarterial embolization with n-BCA or Onyx is a safe and effective treatment for patients with intractable nasal and oropharyngeal hemorrhage. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Balloon-augmented Onyx endovascular ligation: initial human experience and comparison with coil ligation
Authors: Osanai Toshiya , Bain Mark D , Toth Gabor , Hussain M Shazam , Hui Ferdinand K 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionCarotid artery sacrifice remains an important procedure for cerebral vascular disorders despite the development of new endovascular devices. Conventional carotid artery sacrifice with detachable coils alone often requires numerous coils to complete occlusion.ObjectiveTo describe the initial human experience with balloon-augmented Onyx and coil vessel sacrifice based on our previous experience with animals.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent carotid artery sacrifice between 2008 and 2012 in accordance with local investigational review board approval. Two methods were used to occlude carotid arteries—namely, combined Onyx and coil embolization and traditional coil embolization. We compared the two methods for the cost of embolizate, time to occlude the vessels, and the number of coils.ResultsEight consecutive patients (combined group n=3, traditional group n=5) were assessed. The median cost of embolic material was $6321 in the combined Onyx and coil embolization group and $29 996 in the traditional coil embolization group. The median time from first coil placement to achievement of vessel occlusion was 52 min in the Onyx group and 113 min in the coil embolization group. The median number of coils used was 4 in the Onyx group and 35 in the coil embolization group (p<0.05). No symptomatic complications or recurrences were seen in the combined group.ConclusionsBalloon-augmented Onyx endovascular ligation may reduce costs and fluoroscopy times during vessel sacrifice. Further studies in a larger number of patients are needed to confirm these findings.
Solving the Search for Source Code
Authors: Stolee Kathryn T. , Elbaum Sebastian , Dobos Daniel 
Published: May 2014

Programmers frequently search for source code to reuse using keyword searches. The search effectiveness in facilitating reuse, however, depends on the programmer's ability to specify a query that captures how the desired code may have been implemented. Further, the results often include many irrelevant matches that must be filtered manually. More semantic search approaches could address these limitations, yet existing approaches are either not flexible enough to find approximate matches or require the programmer to define complex specifications as queries.
We propose a novel approach to semantic code search that addresses several of these limitations and is designed for queries that can be described using a concrete input/output example. In this approach, programmers write lightweight specifications as inputs and expected output examples. Unlike existing approaches to semantic search, we use an SMT solver to identify programs or program fragments in a repository, which have been automatically transformed into constraints using symbolic analysis, that match the programmer-provided specification.

We instantiated and evaluated this approach in subsets of three languages, the Java String library, Yahoo! Pipes mashup language, and SQL select statements, exploring its generality, utility, and trade-offs. The results indicate that this approach is effective at finding relevant code, can be used on its own or to filter results from keyword searches to increase search precision, and is adaptable to find
approximate
matches and then guide modifications to match the user specifications when
exact
matches do not already exist. These gains in precision and flexibility come at the cost of performance, for which underlying factors and mitigation strategies are identified.
Design Options for Optical Ring Interconnect in Future Client Devices
Authors: Grani Paolo , Bartolini Sandro 
Published: May 2014

Nanophotonic is a promising solution for on-chip interconnection due to its intrinsic low-latency and low-power features. Future tiled chip multiprocessors (CMPs) for rich
client
devices can receive energy benefits from this technology but we show that great care has to be put in the integration of the various involved facets to avoid queuing and serialization issues and obtain the rated potential advantages.

We evaluate different management strategies for accessing a simple, shared photonic path (ring), working in conjunctions with a standard electronic mesh or alone, in a tiled CMP. Our results highlight that a careful selection of the most latency-critical messages to be routed in photonics and the use of a conflict-free access scheme is crucial for obtaining performance/power advantages when the available bandwidth is limited.
We identify the design point where all the traffic can be routed on the photonic path and thus the electronic network can be suppressed. At this point, the ring achieves 20--25% speedup and 84% energy consumption improvement over the electronic baseline.
Then we investigate the same trade-offs when the number of rings is increased up to eight, allowing to raise performance benefits up to 40% or reaching up to 80% energy reduction. We finally explore the effects of deploying a given optical parallelism split between a higher number of waveguides for further improving energy savings.
Pricing a bestseller
Authors: Ifrach Bar , Johari Rameh 
Published: May 2014

The growth of mobile applications on smartphones and tablets ("apps") ranks as one of the most astonishing technological developments in recent past. Over 700,000 apps are available for immediate download from app markets (e.g., App Store and Google Play). These marketplaces are a significant disruptive change in the way content is created and consumed. On the supply side, they provide content creators direct, instantaneous, and popular distribution systems where they can implement their own marketing and pricing policies, cutting out middlemen.
Taking a combined data-driven and structural analysis approach, this paper focuses on the relationship between pricing decisions and marketplace visibility. Our aim is to empower content creators by offering strategic guidance on how to leverage the marketplaces' exibility. Specifically, the market platforms feature "top-ranked" charts that list apps by number of downloads. A high position in these charts is followed by a remarkable boost in demand, according to industry sources. We call the effect of top-rank position on future sales an indirect effect. First, we postulate a reduced form model to estimate the magnitude of this indirect effect. Our results show that it is statistically significant and substantial. Second, we study app pricing decisions in a model that incorporates our earlier findings. Surprisingly, we find that accounting for the indirect effect may give rise to optimal price cycles, where the seller alternates between a high price to boost revenue and a low one to enhance visibility. We find evidence supporting this pricing behavior in practice.