bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing the Canadian Bill of Rights: Religion, Politics, and the Challenge of Pluralism 1957–1960
Authors: Egerton George 
Published: August 2014

RésuméUn élément central dans l'histoire du Canada, depuis le Deuxième Guerre mondiale, est ‘la révolution des droits,’ cette quête d'articuler et de donner une protection légale aux droits humains et libertés fondamentales. À bien des égards, ce but est devenu la principale méta-narration de la nation, qui donne identité, valeurs normatives et mission à la nationalité et la jurisprudence du Canada, particulièrement après l'enchâssement de la Charte canadienne des Droits et Libertés dans la Constitution canadienne de 1982. Cet article étudie historiquement le rôle complexe de la religion, dans la phase initiale de la narration des droits humains au Canada. Au centre est la dimension religieuse du premier dispositif législatif sur les droits humains, la Déclaration canadienne des droits, que le gouvernement de John Diefenbaker a fait adopter en 1960. L'auteur soutient que les églises jouaient un rôle important mais ambigu dans le mouvement des droits humains, lequel, à certains égards, dénote une mise en cause perçue de leur propre méta-narration religieuse de l'histoire, de l'identité et de la destinée du Canada. La thèse centrale est que la Déclaration canadienne des droits exprimait un pluralisme religieux positif, en intégrant les valeurs nationales, religieuses et politiques, dans la formule du Préambule de la Déclaration: «Le Parlement du Canada proclame que la nation canadienne repose sur des principes qui reconnaissent la suprématie de Dieu, la dignité et la valeur de la personne humaine ainsi que le rôle de la famille dans une société d'hommes libres et d'institutions libres (…)».
Industrial Citizenship, Human Rights and the Transformation of Labour Law: A Critical Assessment of Harry Arthurs', Legalization Thesis
Authors: Coutu Michel 
Published: August 2014

RésuméDans ses travaux récents, le professeur Harry Arthurs récuse désormais l'idée que la «citoyenneté industrielle» représente un paradigme fondamental pour l'étude du droit du travail, en dépit du fait qu'il ait défendu avec conviction cette position depuis 1967. Ce changement d'attitude est basé en partie sur le processus de juridicisation de l'arbitrage des griefs, lequel découle largement de la pénétration de ce champ par les normes juridiques complexes relatives à la discrimination au travail. Pour Arthurs, le pluralisme juridique caractéristique des rapports collectifs de travail se voit progressivement érodé par le mouvement de juridicisation largement initié par laCharte canadienne des droits et libertés. L'auteur entend mettre à l'épreuve cette thèse, en analysant la situation qui prévaut au Québec quant à l'arbitrage des griefs mettant en jeu les droits de la personne. Le contexte global n'est certes pas exactement le même, laChartequébécoise possédant une nature spécifique, plus ouverte à la reconnaissance des droits sociaux que ne l'est laChartecanadienne. Quant au droit à l'égalité toutefois, on retrouve suffisamment d'éléments communs pour autoriser la comparaison. L'auteur s'appuie à ce effet sur une étude empirique (analyse de contenu, interviews semi-dirigés) menée à l'École de relations industrielles et au Centre de recherche en droit public de l'Université de Montréal, étude portant sur les cas de discrimination au travail traités, d'une part, par les arbitres de griefs, et, d'autre part, par le Tribunal des droits de la personne du Québec. La recherche empirique met en lumière la nature autoréférentielle du traitement de ces cas: même si le droit est le même, son interprétation et son application diffèrent largement suivant qu'un cas est traité par la sphère du travail (les arbitres de griefs) ou par la sphère des droits de la personne (le Tribunal des droits de la personne). Voilà qui s'explique par les valeurs et les intérêts divergents des acteurs concernés, ainsi que par les pressions que le système des relations industrielles exerce sur les arbitres, ceux-ci faisant office de mécanisme de «couplage structurel» entre le système juridique et le système des relations industrielles. Ceci ne revient aucunement à dire que la thèse de Arthurs est «fausse», mais seulement à constater que, pour l'instant du moins, elle ne peut être fermement établie en contexte québécois. À tout événement, les travaux passés et présents de Harry Arthurs sur la citoyenneté industrielle demeurent de la plus grande importance scientifique pour qui veut comprendre l'évolution actuelle des relations industrielles et du droit du travail.
The Racial Profile: Governing Race through Knowledge Production (Research Note)
Authors: Murdocca Carmela 
Published: August 2014

RésuméUtilisant deux rapports sur la pratique du profilage racial à Toronto, l'auteur soutient qu'elle doit être comprise comme une catégorie de gouvernance, et ceci puisqu'il faut s'éloigner de la seule question, si le profilage racial fait partie des pratiques policières. En concevant le profilage racial comme catégorie de gouvernance, chercheurs et praticiens peuvent plutôt analyser comment des pratiques racialisantes déterminent les limites de la citoyenneté et ultimement contribuent à établir, contrôler et mettre en oeuvre l'organisation des droits des citoyens. Elle conclue en soulignant l'utilité et le potentiel plus large du concept de ‘catégorie de gouvernance’ pour étudier le profilage racial, notamment dans le sens d'une analyse des multiples manières de faire (ou de ne pas faire) de certaines populations des sujets/citoyens des États-nations modernes.
X-ray powder diffraction data for monosodium salt azobarbituric acid dihydrate [C8H5N6O6Na.2H2O]
Authors: Maixner J. , Rohlíček J. , Florián Č. , Vyňuchal J. , Alafid F. 
Published: August 2014

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for a sodium azobarbituric acid dihydrate are presented [a = 3.546 (1) Å, b = 9.210 (2) Å, c = 9.738 (4) Å, α = 104.07 (4)°, β = 98.09 (6)°, γ = 98.80 (2)°, unit-cell volume V = 299.6 Å3, Z = 1, and space group P − 1]. All the measured lines were indexed. No detectable impurities were observed.
Small cell lung cancer metastatic to the submandibular gland
Authors: Shaikh Talha , Ehya Hormoz , Turaka Aruna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA 58-year Caucasian woman with a 45-pack year smoking history underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest due to a persistent respiratory infection. Imaging revealed extensive mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy on the right. Fine needle aspiration of the right paratracheal and subcarinal lymph nodes revealed small cell lung carcinoma. She was treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiation (with Cisplatin and Etoposide) therapy to the primary tumor and the mediastinum using intensity modulated radiation therapy. Post-treatment repeat CT of the chest showed complete radiographic response and she was offered prophylactic cranial irradiation which the patient refused. Within six months of completing treatment, the patient developed brain metastases and was treated with a course of palliative radiation to the whole brain. One month after completion, she noticed painful swelling of the left submandibular gland and a CT showed an enlarged submandibular gland. FNA revealed metastatic SCLC. She was treated with urgent palliative RT to the left submandibular gland with significant improvement in her symptoms.
What are the best terms in Portuguese to explain the concepts of “fatigue” and “depression” in cancer patients?
Authors: Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Manfredini Luciana Lopes , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro , Carneseca Estela Cristina , Yennurajalingam Sriram , Bruera Eduardo , Hui David 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective:Although “fatigue” and “depression” are well-accepted clinical terms in the English language, they are ill defined in many other languages, including Portuguese. We aimed to investigate the most appropriate words to describe cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and depression in Brazilian cancer patients.Method:The interviewers read to patients two clinical vignettes describing fatigued patients and two others describing depressed patients. Participants were asked to choose from among “fatigue,” “tiredness,” “weakness,” “depression,” and “sadness” the best and worst terms to explain the vignettes. In addition, they were administered an instrument containing numeric rating scales (NRSs), addressing common symptoms, including the aforementioned terms. Pearson correlation analysis and accuracy diagnostic tests were conducted using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment–Fatigue (FACIT–F) as references.Results:Among the 80 participants, 40% reported that the best term to explain the concept of CRF was “tiredness,” and 59% chose “sadness” as the best descriptor of depression. Regarding diagnostic accuracy, the areas under the curve (AUCs) for “fatigue,” “weakness,” and “tiredness” were 0.71, 0.81, and 0.76, respectively; the AUCs for “depression” and “sadness” ranged from 0.81 to 0.91 and 0.73 to 0.83, respectively. Negative correlations were found among FACIT–F fatigue subscale scores and NRS scores for “fatigue” (r = –0.58), “tiredness” (r = –0.67), and “weakness” (r = –0.62). Regarding depression, there were positive correlations between HADS–D scores and both NRS for “depression” (r = 0.61) and “sadness” (r = 0.54).Significance of results:“Tiredness” was considered the best descriptor of CRF. Taking into consideration the clinical correlation with depression scores, the term “depression” was accepted as the best term to explain the concept of depression.
Nanoscale Size-Selective Deposition of Nanowires by Micrometer Scale Hydrophilic Patterns
Authors: He Yong , Nagashima Kazuki , Kanai Masaki , Meng Gang , Zhuge Fuwei , Rahong Sakon , Li Xiaomin , Kawai Tomoji , Yanagida Takeshi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractControlling the post-growth assembly of nanowires is an important challenge in the development of functional bottom-up devices. Although various methods have been developed for the controlled assembly of nanowires, it is still a challenging issue to align selectively heterogeneous nanowires at desired spatial positions on the substrate. Here we report a size selective deposition and sequential alignment of nanowires by utilizing micrometer scale hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterned substrate. Nanowires dispersed within oil were preferentially deposited only at a water/oil interface onto the hydrophilic patterns. The diameter size of deposited nanowires was strongly limited by the width of hydrophilic patterns, exhibiting the nanoscale size selectivity of nanowires deposited onto micrometer scale hydrophilic patterns. Such size selectivity was due to the nanoscale height variation of a water layer formed onto the micrometer scale hydrophilic patterns. We successfully demonstrated the sequential alignment of different sized nanowires on the same substrate by applying this size selective phenomenon.
Across- and Within-Consonant Errors for Isolated Syllables in Noise
Authors: Toscano Joseph C. , Allen Jont. B. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeA critical issue in assessing speech recognition involves understanding the factors that cause listeners to make errors. Models like the articulation index show that average error decreases logarithmically with increases in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The authors investigated (a) whether this log-linear relationship holds across consonants and for individual tokens and (b) what accounts for differences in error rates at the across- and within-consonant levels.MethodListeners with normal hearing heard CV syllables (16 consonants and 4 vowels) spoken by 14 talkers, presented at 6 SNRs. Stimuli were presented randomly, and listeners indicated which syllable they heard.ResultsThe log-linear relationship between error and SNR holds across consonants but breaks down at the token level. These 2 sources of variability (across- and within-consonant factors) explain the majority of listeners' errors. Moreover, simply adjusting for differences in token-level error thresholds explains 62% of the variability in listeners' responses.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that speech tests must control for the large variability among tokens, not average across them, as is commonly done in clinical practice. Accounting for token-level differences in error thresholds with listeners with normal hearing provides a basis for tests designed to diagnostically evaluate individual differences with listeners with hearing impairment.
Retroflex Versus Bunched in Treatment for Rhotic Misarticulation: Evidence From Ultrasound Biofeedback Intervention
Authors: Byun Tara McAllister , Hitchcock Elaine R. , Swartz Michelle T. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo document the efficacy of ultrasound biofeedback treatment for misarticulation of the North American English rhotic in children. Because of limited progress in the first cohort, a series of two closely related studies was conducted in place of a single study. The studies differed primarily in the nature of tongue-shape targets (e.g., retroflex, bunched) cued during treatment.MethodEight participants received 8 weeks of individual ultrasound biofeedback treatment targeting rhotics. In Study 1, all 4 participants were cued to match a bunched tongue-shape target. In Study 2, participants received individualized cues aimed at eliciting the tongue shape most facilitative of perceptually correct rhotics.ResultsParticipants in Study 1 showed only minimal treatment effects. In Study 2, all participants demonstrated improved production of rhotics in untreated words produced without biofeedback, with large to very large effect sizes.ConclusionsThe results of Study 2 indicate that with proper parameters of treatment, ultrasound biofeedback can be a highly effective intervention for children with persistent rhotic errors. In addition, qualitative comparison of Studies 1 and 2 suggests that treatment for the North American English rhotic should include opportunities to explore different tongue shapes, to find the most facilitative variant for each individual speaker.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170477
Using Morphological Awareness Instruction to Improve Written Language Skills
Authors: Apel Kenn , Werfel Krystal 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
Written English is a morphophonemic language. Researchers have documented that a conscious awareness of the morphological structure of English morphology is predictive of students' written language skills and that morphological awareness instruction leads to improvements in morphological awareness and in other written language skills. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide specific information to clinical scientists and other educators for integrating morphological awareness instruction into their written language instruction.

Method
The authors first define morphological awareness and provide an overview of the research on the effects of morphological awareness intervention on improving morphological awareness and written language skills. Measures used to assess morphological awareness ability are then discussed, followed by suggestions for how clinical scientists and other educators can provide morphological awareness instruction to improve the written language skills of the students they serve.

Conclusion
By integrating morphological awareness instruction into the services they provide, clinical scientists and other educators will be providing their students with a strong tool to aid written language skills.
Imre Lakatos
Authors: Larvor Brendan , Rittberg Colin Jakob 
Published: August 2014

Imre Lakatos (b. 1922–d. 1974) was a philosopher of mathematics and science. Having left Hungary in 1956, he made his first appearance on the international stage with a series of four papers during 1963 and 1964 in the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, later published together posthumously in Proofs and Refutations (1976), in which he discusses the formation of mathematical concepts by proof-analysis. This radical break with classical approaches to the philosophy of mathematics attracted sufficient interest that Kitcher and Aspray deem Lakatos to have started a new and “maverick” tradition in the field (“An Opinionated Introduction,” in History and Philosophy of Modern Mathematics, 1988). By 1959, Lakatos had become an assistant lecturer in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and Political Science. This department was still under the direction of its founder, Karl Popper, and Lakatos’s evolving and ultimately antagonistic relations with Popper and the Popperians conditioned much of his work. The chief part of this work was a series of influential papers on the philosophy of science. These are included in the two books of his work that two of his former students, John Worrall and Gregory Currie, published after his death (Lakatos 1978a and Lakatos 1978b, cited under Posthumously Published). In 1974, Lakatos died of a heart attack, leaving his projects in philosophy of science and mathematics incomplete.
Analysis of Cervical Angiograms in Cervical Spine Trauma Patients, Does it Make a Difference?
Authors: Dreger Tina , Place Howard , Mattingly Theresa , Piper Christine , Brechbuehler Jennifer 
Published: August 2014

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Objective:
To evaluate computed tomography angiogram (CTA) use for diagnosing blunt vertebral artery injury (BVAI) at a single institution, to assess the incidence of BVAI in the studied population, and determine if diagnosis affected care. We also wanted to evaluate if testing and treatment resulted in complications.

Summary of Background Data:
BVAI is an example of a previously underdiagnosed injury. Ease of CTA has simplified vertebral artery evaluation. Injury to the vertebral or carotid arteries is diagnosed in approximately 0.1% of blunt trauma patients when there is high clinical suspicion, or when symptoms of central nervous system damage are apparent on initial examination. Routine screening of asymptomatic patients increases the incidence to approximately 1%.

Materials and Methods:
After IRB approval, the hospital trauma registry identified patients aged 18–89 presenting with cervical spine fracture from 2006 to 2011. A retrospective review of charts was completed. Data collection included demographic data, fracture pattern, and neurological findings. The indications for and the results of CTA was also reviewed. The type of treatment and any complications were recorded.

Results:
A total of 637 charts reviewed. A total of 108 subjects underwent CTA/magnetic resonance angiography; 15 diagnosed with VAI injury. Four received treatment. There were no complications from imaging or treatment of BVAI. Eight subjects without CTA evaluation presented with symptoms potentially related to injury on arrival. Three had neurological decline, although none were eligible for treatment. No routine diagnostic/treatment protocol for vertebral arteries was found at our institution.

Conclusions:
Although neurological sequelae after VAI can be devastating, routine screening after cervical spine fracture may not be warranted. Beside cost, our study suggests it is rarely associated with symptoms, and the asymptomatic patient rarely receives treatment due to concomitant injuries. Our study reinforces the need for further research to establish protocols so that patient-appropriate, cost-effective evaluation and treatment can be provided.
Association between aggregative adherence fimbriae types including putative new variants and virulence‐related genes and clump formation amongaggR‐positiveEscherichia colistrains isolated in Thailand and Japan
Authors: Ito Kenitiro , Matsushita Shigeru , Yamazaki Mitsugu , Moriya Kazuo , Kurazono Takayuki , Hiruta Noriaki , Narimatsu Hiroshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Isobe Junko , Yatsuyanagi Jun , Kumagai Norimichi , Hashimoto Michiko , Ratchtrachenchai Orn‐Anong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAggEC) are an important cause of diarrhea. Four types of AAF have been identified; however, their prevalence and association with virulence properties remain unclear.E. colistrains carrying theaggRgene as EAggEC that were isolated in Japan and Thailand (n = 90) were examined for AAF subunit genes, two toxin genes (pet/astA), and clump formation. The most prevalent AAF gene washdaA (28%), followed byaafA(20%),aggA(12%), andagg3A(4%), as well as a putative new AAF sequence (25.6%). Retention status of the toxin genes and intensities of clump formation appeared to vary according to the AAF type.
A prospective double‐blind cross‐sectional study of the accuracy of the use of dry vaginal tampons for self‐sampling of human papillomaviruses
Authors: Khan AM , Sasieni P , Singer A 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate if a dry vaginal tampon can be used to accurately detect high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and so be used as a cervical screening tool for the early detection of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+).DesignProspective double‐blinded cross‐sectional study.SettingColposcopy unit in North London.PopulationWomen referred for colposcopy with both abnormal and normal cervical cytology were invited to participate in this study.MethodsWomen inserted a dry tampon in the vagina before colposcopic examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) HPV test was carried out on the dry tampon. Cervical samples were collected by the colposcopist for HPV testing using Hybrid Capture (an HC2 kit).Main outcome measureDetection of CIN2+.ResultsIn all, 501 women participated in the study. The majority of participants (69%) were in the 25–35‐year age group. Overall sensitivity and specificity for detection of CIN2+ by vaginal tampon were 76% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 65–85) and 61% (95% CI 56–66), respectively, and HC2 had a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 83–97) with a specificity of only 46% (95% CI 41–51). Sensitivity ratio was 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.94) (P = 0.004) and Specificity ratio for CIN2+ was 1.33 (95% CI 1.22–1.45). Indicating that the tampon test was significantly (P < 0.0001) more specific. Sensitivity decreased and specificity improved with increasing age.ConclusionsDry tampon test showed reasonably high sensitivity and specificity when detecting CIN2+. The majority of participants (98%) approved of the use of dry tampons as a method of sample collection, which could be an effective alternative method for detecting HPV infection.
Driving Under the Influence of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist XLR‐11
Authors: Lemos Nikolas P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe case of a 22‐year‐old male Caucasian driver is presented. He was involved in a traffic collision. At the roadside, he displayed blank stare and mellow speech with a barely audible voice. A DRE found low body temperature, rigid muscle tone, normal pulse, lack of horizontal and vertical gaze nystagmus, nonconvergence of the eyes, dilated pupil size, and normal Pupillary reaction to light. A standard toxicology DUID protocol was performed on the driver's whole blood including ELISA and GC‐MS drug screens with negative results. Additional drug screening was undertaken for bath salts and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists by LC‐MS/MS by a commercial laboratory and identified the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR‐11 in the driver's blood. XLR‐11 was subsequently quantified at 1.34 ng/mL. This is the first documented case involving a driver operating a motor vehicle under the influence of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR‐11.