bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thin and Thinner: Hypothesis-driven Research and the Study of Humans
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph , Wilson Marc Stewart , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSome say that researchers who study humans are locked in to frameworks of epistemic assumptions from which there can be no escape. We explain, on the contrary, how researchers who disagree may nevertheless reconcile their differences. Freedom from the epistemic dungeon is made possible by practices that convert beliefs into testable hypotheses, which are then tested. Such practices are the engines of scientific progress. To clarify misunderstandings about practices of hypothesis testing, we discuss Bayes’ rule, a mathematically perfect algebra for belief revision. To illustrate both the benefits and inevitable limitations of scientific research on religion, we work through the details of a recent national questionnaire study that revealed five different types of supernatural believers.
Long-lost Brothers: On the Co-histories and Interactions Between the Comparative Science of Religion and the Anthropology of Religion
Authors: Geertz Armin W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article briefly surveys and compares the histories of research in the comparative science of religion (beginning with Friedrich Max Müller) and the anthropology of religion. The article notes the close interactions between these two fields and argues that the comparative science of religion drew significant inspiration from anthropology and sociology during the twentieth century until about the 1970s when anthropology came under heavy fire from critics. The postcolonial, feminist, and postmodern wave did not have a significant impact on the comparative science of religion until the 1990s. But already during the 1980s a new approach to religion, championed by Jonathan Z. Smith, contributed to a theoretical and critical analysis of religion that neither bought into postmodernism nor into thesui generisapproach to religion. During the 1990s, another new approach began making an impact, namely, the cognitive science of religion, championed by E. Thomas Lawson, Robert N. McCauley (both scholars of religion), and Pascal Boyer (anthropologist). The article suggests in conclusion that the two disciplines can once again meet in the growing fields of experimental anthropology and experimental science of religion and in the need to explore and address how culture affects and rewires the brain. Furthermore, evolutionary theory is also beginning to serve as a common framework for thinking about religion.
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies off Baja California: A Possible Precursor of ENSO
Authors: Feng Jiaxin , Wu Zhaohua , Zou Xiaolei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Many recent studies have shown that observed El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are spatially and temporally diverse and that they have undergone changes in characteristics. To quantitatively capture these features, multidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) is employed to isolate the temporal–spatial evolution of the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) on naturally separated time scales. An alternative Niño-3.4 index is also defined to reflect more on the interannual variability of equatorial Pacific SSTAs. Using this alternative index, 27 ENSO warm events are identified and the spatial–temporal evolution of each event is examined. It is found that a patch of SSTAs off Baja California appears to extend southwestward and reach the equatorial region near the international date line in about 1 year. This warm signal then amplifies and extends eastward, developing into an ENSO warm event. This type of development has been dominant in recent decades. For this type of ENSO warm event, it appears that SSTAs off Baja California are instrumental to ENSO development, possibly serving as a precursor of an ENSO event.
Genetic Testing and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Awareness
Authors: de Groot Mary , Wessel Jennifer 
Published: March 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the motivational, attitudinal, and behavioral predictors of interest in genetic testing (GT) in those with and without awareness of their risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A convenience sample of adults visiting emergency departments, libraries, or an online research registry was surveyed. Responses from adults without diabetes who reported 1 or more risk factors for T2DM (eg, family history, body mass index > 25) were included in the analyses (n = 265). Results Participants were 37 ± 11 years old, white (54%), and female (69%), with some college education (53%) and an annual income below $25 000 (44%). Approximately half (52%) expressed interest in GT for T2DM. Individuals were stratified by perceived risk for T2DM (risk aware or risk unaware). Among the risk aware, younger age ( P < .04) predicted greater interest in GT. Among the risk unaware, family history of T2DM ( P < .008) and preference to know genetic risk ( P < .0002) predicted interest in GT. Both groups identified the need for low-cost GT. Conclusions GT is an increasingly available and accurate tool to predict T2DM risk for patients. In this sample, GT was a salient tool for those with and without awareness of their T2DM risk. Financial accessibility is critical to use of this tool for both groups.
Covariance Adjustments for the Analysis of Randomized Field Experiments
Authors: Berk Richard , Pitkin Emil , Brown Lawrence , Buja Andreas , George Edward , Zhao Linda 
Published: March 2014

Background: It has become common practice to analyze randomized experiments using linear regression with covariates. Improved precision of treatment effect estimates is the usual motivation. In a series of important articles, David Freedman showed that this approach can be badly flawed. Recent work by Winston Lin offers partial remedies, but important problems remain. Results: In this article, we address those problems through a reformulation of the Neyman causal model. We provide a practical estimator and valid standard errors for the average treatment effect. Proper generalizations to well-defined populations can follow. Conclusion: In most applications, the use of covariates to improve precision is not worth the trouble.
Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux on Posttreatment Symptoms and Hypopharyngeal pH
Authors: Waxman Jonathan , Yalamanchali Sreeya , Valle Elizabeth Shay , Pott Thomas , Friedman Michael 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of twice‐daily proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment on the relationship between laryngopharyngeal pH environment and symptoms in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study Design and SettingRetrospective analysis of records from consecutive patients seen at a single clinical site between 2009 and 2012.Subjects and MethodsForty‐three records of patients diagnosed with LPR who underwent pre‐ and posttreatment pH studies were included. Prior to treatment, all had a Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) > 13 and an abnormal pH study. Patients were treated for ≥ 4 weeks with twice‐daily PPIs. Following treatment, patients completed a second RSI and pH study.ResultsMost patients (67.4%) had symptom normalization; however, most patients (60.5%) did not have pH normalization. For all patients whose symptoms did not normalize, pH scores also did not normalize; 32.6% of patients showed no subjective or objective treatment response. For individuals whose symptoms normalized but whose pH scores did not normalize, there was a significant decrease in upright pH score. For the entire group, pretreatment symptom and upright pH scores were strongly positively correlated. Improvements in symptom and upright pH scores following treatment were moderately positively correlated.ConclusionLaryngopharyngeal pH failed to normalize for most individuals after PPI treatment; only pH improvement was necessary for symptom normalization. Many patients had no treatment response. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients may make up a heterogeneous group, and PPI responsivity may help explain conflicting results from previous studies. Posttreatment pH monitoring is recommended in studies investigating the efficacy of PPI therapy for LPR.
Motion Perception in Patients with Idiopathic Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
Authors: Priesol Adrian J. , Valko Yulia , Merfeld Daniel M. , Lewis Richard F. 
Published: March 2014

We measured vestibular perceptual thresholds in patients with idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy to assess the distribution of peripheral vestibular damage in this disorder. Thresholds were measured with standard psychometric techniques in 4 patients and compared with thresholds in normal subjects and patients with completely absent peripheral vestibular function. Motion paradigms included yaw rotation (testing the lateral canals), interaural translation (testing the utricles), superior‐inferior translation (testing the saccules), and roll tilt (testing the vertical semicircular canals and the otolith organs). We found that perceptual thresholds were abnormally elevated in the patients with idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy for yaw rotation at all frequencies and for interaural translation at only the lower frequencies. Thresholds were normal for the other 2 motion paradigms. The results demonstrate that the distribution of vestibular dysfunction in this disorder is not uniform but, rather, can affect lateral canal and utricular thresholds while relatively sparing vertical canal and saccular function.
Familial hemiplegic migraine due to L263V SCN1A mutation: Discordance for epilepsy between two kindreds from Douro Valley
Authors: Barros José , Ferreira Augusto , Brandão Ana F , Lemos Carolina , Correia Fernando , Damásio Joana , Tuna Assunção , Sequeiros Jorge , Coutinho Paula , Alonso Isabel , Pereira-Monteiro José 
Published: March 2014

Background SCN1A is the most relevant gene in epilepsy. Only seven SCN1A mutations have been identified in 10 familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) kindreds worldwide. Cases and kindreds In 2009, we presented a kindred with FHM due to the L263V SCN1A mutation. In the current study, we report a novel FHM3 kindred from the same village. The first family exhibited the co-occurrence of FHM and epilepsy. No case of epilepsy was observed in the new kindred. An L263V mutation was found in all patients, and the haplotype analysis supports a unique mutational event. Comments Despite its bioelectric activity, the SCN1A L263V mutation most likely requires a combination of several endogenous or environmental induction stimuli to attain an epileptogenic threshold.
Cell adhesion molecules as potential biomarkers of nephritis, damage and accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with SLE
Authors: Skeoch S , Haque S , Pemberton P , Bruce IN 
Published: March 2014

Objectives The aim of the current study was to compare levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in lupus patients and controls and to investigate their association with clinical phenotype, disease activity and damage. Methods We compared levels of serum VCAM-1 and E-selectin in 178 female lupus patients and 69 age-and sex-matched controls. Using linear regression we also examined the association between these markers and disease activity, damage, renal and skin involvement as well as clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Results E-selectin was increased in patients compared to controls (median (IQR) 10.5 (6.85, 13.9) vs 7.86 (5.39, 10.4) ng/ml; p < 0.001). E-selectin was also associated with overall damage and carotid plaque (β (95% confidence interval): 0.27 (0.029, 0.511) and 0.26 (0.148, 0.507)). Whilst there was no significant difference in VCAM-1 levels between groups overall, we found a significant association between VCAM-1 and with active renal disease (β (95% confidence interval): 1.10 (0.69, 1.51)). Conclusions E-selectin may act as a marker of cardiovascular risk in SLE, whilst VCAM-1 may have a role as a non-invasive biomarker for lupus nephritis activity.
Prognostic value of deep sequencing method for minimal residual disease detection in multiple myeloma
Authors: Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Lahuerta Juan J. , Pepin François , González Marcos , Barrio Santiago , Ayala Rosa , Puig Noemí , Montalban María A. , Paiva Bruno , Weng Li , Jiménez Cristina , Sopena María , Moorhead Martin , Cedena Teresa , Rapado Immaculada , Mateos María Victoria , Rosiñol Laura , Oriol Albert , Blanchard María J. , Martínez Rafael , Bladé Joan , San Miguel Jesús , Faham Malek , García-Sanz Ramón 
Published: March 2014

Key Points
MRD assessment by sequencing is prognostic of TTP and OS in multiple myeloma patients. Among patients in complete response, MRD assessment by sequencing enables identification of 2 distinct subgroups with different TTP.
Strong convergence of three-step iteration methods for a countable family of generalized strict pseudocontractions in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Li Shi-Xiu , Ceng Lu-Chuan , Hu Hui-Ying , Wang Xiao-Jie 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized strict pseudocontractions in a real Hilbert space, and we consider a three-step Ishikawa-type iteration method

{

z
n

=
(
1
−

γ
n

)

x
n

+

γ
n

T
n

x
n

,

y
n

=
(
1
−

β
n

)

x
n

+

β
n

T
n

z
n

,

x

n
+
1

=
(
1
−

α
n

)

x
n

+

α
n

T
n

y
n

,

for finding a common fixed point of a countable family

{

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n

}

of uniformly Lipschitz generalized

λ
n

-strict pseudocontractions. Under mild conditions imposed on the parameter sequences

{

α
n

}

,

{

β
n

}

and

{

γ
n

}

, we prove the strong convergence of

{

x
n

}

to a common fixed point of a countable family

{

T
n

}

of uniformly Lipschitz generalized strict pseudocontractions. On the other hand, we also introduce three-step hybrid viscosity approximation method for finding a common fixed point of a countable family

{

T
n

}

of uniformly Lipschitz generalized

λ
n

-strict pseudocontractions with

λ
n

=
0

, i.e., a countable family

{

T
n

}

of uniformly Lipschitz pseudocontractions. Under appropriate conditions we derive the strong convergence results for this method. The results presented in this paper improve and extend the corresponding results in the earlier and recent literature.

MSC:47H06, 47H09, 47J20, 47J30.
Quantification of signal and noise in two-way transmitted wavefields to improve well ties in Cooper Basin, Australia
Authors: Qi Chen , Hilterman Fred 
Published: March 2014

Permian coal beds at 2400–2900 m depth in Cooper Basin, Australia have normal-incident reflection coefficient values as large as [Formula: see text]. If internal multiples are included in synthetic seismograms, excellent correlations exist between the synthetic seismogram and seismic, even when more than 50 coal beds are present. However, neither the synthetic seismogram nor the seismic tie the well-log lithologic boundaries because the incident wavefield that strikes a lithologic boundary and returns to the surface contains a signal wavelet followed by high-amplitude noise, which are interbed multiple reflections. Because the spectra of the signal and noise coda at a given two-way time normally do not overlap, time-varying Gaussian filters applied to the near-offset stack enhance the signal and suppress the noise coda. After filtering, the apparent time delay of reflections introduced by the coal beds is removed with variable time shifts (time compression), based on the estimated time-varying signal wavelets. The two-step process of low-pass filtering and compression yields seismic events that successfully tie the lithologic boundaries in the borehole, although with limited resolution. Our preliminary tests on a seismic line indicate that the horizon event associated with the base of a 500-m-thick coal sequence is more coherently imaged with our processing than with conventional processing.
Cosmopolitan practices in social contexts: Swedish skilled migrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Andersson Magnus 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Empirical work on cosmopolitanism has, to a large extent, focused on the preconditions for and character of cosmopolitan practices. Drawing on interviews with Swedish skilled migrants in the Netherlands, this article contributes to the cosmopolitan research by focusing on the socially structured variety of cosmopolitan practices. Based on an understanding of cosmopolitanism as an active and reflexive process of sociocultural identifications, this article argues that there is a range of cosmopolitanisms, built on an elective relationship to place of residence, country of origin and transnational socialities. Hence, there is no universal cosmopolitan logic but different sets of cosmopolitan practices that are related to migrants’ biographies and lifestyles and, therefore, expressed in different fields and contexts of social space.
High Power Density Levitation-Induced Vibration Energy Harvester
Authors: Apo Daniel J. , Priya Shashank 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We report a levitation-induced vibration energy harvester based on a double-repulsion configuration in the moving magnet composite. Computational modeling clearly illustrated the advantages of the double-repulsion configuration over the single-repulsion and no-repulsion configurations. Double-repulsion configuration provided the best dynamics (displacement and velocity) and output response (voltage). Based on the modeling results, an AA battery-sized harvester with the double-repulsion configuration was fabricated. The harvester exhibited high power response at low frequencies (12.9 mW at 1g and 16 Hz) and also exhibited a high normalized power density at low excitations (15.33 mW cm−3
g
−2 at 0.25g and 13 Hz). The harvester was used to charge a cellphone at 4.7 V DC.
Morphological, mechanical, and optical properties of cypress papers
Authors: Anjos Ofélia , Santos António J. A. , Simões Rogério , Pereira Helena 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The pulping properties of cypress species are not known and the present paper aims to filling this gap. Namely, Cupressus lusitanica Mill.,
C. sempervirens L. and C. arizonica Greene have been submitted to kraft pulping and the pulp properties are compared with those of Pinus pinaster Aiton. and P. sylvestris Watereri as references. Schopper Riegler degree, density, Bekk’s smoothness, tensile index, tear index, burst index, stretch, dry zero-span strength, wet zero-span strength, brightness, opacity and light scattering coefficient have been tested. The pulp yields and delignification degrees of cypress woods were lower than those of the pine references. Fibre length, width and coarseness were statistically different between pines and cypress species and C. sempervirens pulps have corresponding data close to those of pine species. Cypress pulps can be refined much faster than pine pulps. The papers sheets of cypress fibres have, in general, lower mechanical performance than those of pine fibres. Papers from C. arizonica and C. lusitanica are similar and C. sempervirens has intermediate properties being between the other cypress and pine species. However, cypress fibres are relatively short, flexible and collapsible and can be refined with low energy demand, and thus could be incorporated into papers resulting in products with better light scattering and smoothness.
Assembly and function of small RNA – Argonaute protein complexes
Authors: Dueck Anne , Meister Gunter 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in various organisms. Small RNAs bind to a member of the Argonaute protein family and are incorporated into larger structures that mediate diverse gene silencing events. The loading of Argonaute proteins with small RNAs is aided by a number of auxiliary factors as well as ATP hydrolysis. This review will focus on the mechanisms of Argonaute loading in different organisms. Furthermore, we highlight the versatile functions of small RNA-Argonaute protein complexes in organisms from all three kingdoms of life.
Dense Core Vesicle Release: Controlling the Where as Well as the When
Authors: Nurrish Stephen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Kinase II (CaMKII) is a calcium-regulated serine threonine kinase whose functions include regulation of synaptic activity (Coultrap and Bayer 2012). A postsynaptic role for CaMKII in triggering long-lasting changes in synaptic activity at some synapses has been established, although the relevant downstream targets remain to be defined (Nicoll and Roche 2013). A presynaptic role for CaMKII in regulating synaptic activity is less clear with evidence for CaMKII either increasing or decreasing release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs) (Wang 2008). In this issue Hoover et al. (2014) further expand upon the role of CaMKII in presynaptic cells by demonstrating a role in regulating another form of neuronal signaling, that of dense core vesicles (DCVs), whose contents can include neuropeptides and insulin-related peptides, as well as other neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine (Michael et al. 2006). Intriguingly, Hoover et al. (2014) demonstrate that active CaMKII is required cell autonomously to prevent premature release of DCVs after they bud from the Golgi in the soma and before they are trafficked to their release sites in the axon. This role of CaMKII requires it to have kinase activity as well as an activating calcium signal released from internal ER stores via the ryanodine receptor. Not only does this represent a novel function for CaMKII but also it offers new insights into how DCVs are regulated. Compared to SVs we know much less about how DCVs are trafficked, docked, and primed for release. This is despite the fact that neuropeptides are major regulators of human brain function, including mood, anxiety, and social interactions (Garrison et al. 2012; Kormos and Gaszner 2013; Walker and Mcglone 2013). This is supported by studies showing mutations in genes for DCV regulators or cargoes are associated with human mental disorders (Sadakata and Furuichi 2009; Alldredge 2010; Quinn 2013; Quinn et al. 2013). We lack even a basic understanding of DCV function, such as, are there defined DCV docking sites and, if so, how are DCVs delivered to these release sites? These results from Hoover et al. (2014) promise to be a starting point in answering some of these questions.
Electrical and Structural Properties of Ta-doped SnO2Transparent Conductive Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Nakao Shoichiro , Yamada Naoomi , Hirose Yasushi , Hasegawa Tetsuya 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigated electrical and structural properties of Ta-doped SnO2(TTO) films on anatase TiO2seed layers with various growth parameters of pulsed laser deposition. We found that anatase TiO2seed layers induced pseudo-epitaxial (100) growth of TTO films with enhanced mobility (μ) in a wide range of growth parameters. The highestμof 83 cm2V-1s-1[resistivity (ρ) of 2.8 × 10-4Ωcm] and the lowestρof 1.8 × 10-4Ωcm (μof 60 cm2V-1s-1) were obtained at a substrate temperature of 600 °C. Amorphization and (101)-preferred growth competed with (100) growth on the TiO2seed layer at low temperatures. Introducing sufficient process oxygen suppressed such unwanted film growth, resulting in improved transport properties.