bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jointly estimating epidemiological dynamics of Covid-19 from case and wastewater data in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Watson Leighton M. , Plank Michael J. , Armstrong Bridget A. , Chapman Joanne R. , Hewitt Joanne , Morris Helen , Orsi Alvaro , Bunce Michael , Donnelly Christl A. , Steyn Nicholas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Timely and informed public health responses to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 necessitate reliable information about infection dynamics. The case ascertainment rate (CAR), the proportion of infections that are reported as cases, is typically much less than one and varies with testing practices and behaviours, making reported cases unreliable as the sole source of data. The concentration of viral RNA in wastewater samples provides an alternate measure of infection prevalence that is not affected by clinical testing, healthcare-seeking behaviour or access to care.

Methods
We construct a state-space model with observed data of levels of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and reported case incidence and estimate the hidden states of the effective reproduction number, R, and CAR using sequential Monte Carlo methods.

Results
We analyse data from 1 January 2022 to 31 March 2023 from Aotearoa New Zealand. Our model estimates that R peaks at 2.76 (95% CrI 2.20, 3.83) around 18 February 2022 and the CAR peaks around 12 March 2022. We calculate that New Zealand’s second Omicron wave in July 2022 is similar in size to the first, despite fewer reported cases. We estimate that the CAR in the BA.5 Omicron wave in July 2022 is approximately 50% lower than in the BA.1/BA.2 Omicron wave in March 2022.

Conclusions
Estimating R, CAR, and cumulative number of infections provides useful information for planning public health responses and understanding the state of immunity in the population. This model is a useful disease surveillance tool, improving situational awareness of infectious disease dynamics in real-time.
Line spectrum target recognition algorithm based on time‐delay autoencoder
Authors: Ju Donghao , Chi Cheng , Li Yu , Huang Haining 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffective extraction of target features has always been a key issue in target recognition technology in the field of signal processing. Traditional deep learning algorithms often require extensive data for pre‐training models to ensure the accuracy of feature extraction. Moreover, it is challenging to completely remove noise due to the complexity of the underwater environment. A Time‐Delay Autoencoder (TDAE) is employed to extract ship‐radiated noise characteristics by leveraging the strong coherent properties of line spectrum. This approach eliminates the need for previous data to adaptively develop a nonlinear model for line spectrum extraction. The test data was processed using three distinct approaches, and plots of recognition accuracy curves at various signal‐to‐noise ratios were made. On the dataset utilised in the research, experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves over 75% recognition accuracy, even at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of −15 dB.
Green endoscopy, one step toward a sustainable future: Literature review
Authors: Maida Marcello , Vitello Alessandro , Shahini Endrit , Vassallo Roberto , Sinagra Emanuele , Pallio Socrate , Melita Giuseppinella , Ramai Daryl , Spadaccini Marco , Hassan Cesare , Facciorusso Antonio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapid climate change or climate crisis is one of the most serious emergencies of the 21st century, accounting for highly impactful and irreversible changes worldwide. Climate crisis can also affect the epidemiology and disease burden of gastrointestinal diseases because they have a connection with environmental factors and nutrition.Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a highly intensive procedure with a significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, endoscopy is the third highest generator of waste in healthcare facilities with significant contributions to carbon footprint. The main sources of direct carbon emission in endoscopy are use of high-powered consumption devices (e.g. computers, anesthesia machines, wash machines for reprocessing, scope processors, and lighting) and waste production derived mainly from use of disposable devices. Indirect sources of emissions are those derived from heating and cooling of facilities, processing of histological samples, and transportation of patients and materials.Consequently, sustainable endoscopy and climate change have been the focus of discussions between endoscopy providers and professional societies with the aim of taking action to reduce environmental impact. The term "green endoscopy" refers to the practice of gastroenterology that aims to raise awareness, assess, and reduce endoscopy´s environmental impact.Nevertheless, while awareness has been growing, guidance about practical interventions to reduce the carbon footprint of gastrointestinal endoscopy are lacking. This review aims to summarize current data regarding the impact of endoscopy on GHG emissions and possible strategies to mitigate this phenomenon. Further, we aim to promote the evolution of a more sustainable "green endoscopy".
Visually navigated, ultrasound-guided, freehand percutaneous calyceal
puncture – preclinical evaluation of a novel device to simplify a complex
surgical task
Authors: Wakileh Gamal Anton , Hohmann Manuel , Rassweiler-Seyfried Marie Claire , Klein Jan Thorsten 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose Freehand sonographic percutaneous puncture techniques for the
renal calyceal system are on the rise. Much time and practice are required to
master this technique. Navigation-supported puncture aids could help make
percutaneous access easier and faster. The aim of this study was to determine
whether navigated puncture is feasible, and whether it is easier and faster
compared to the conventional sonographic procedure.
Materials & Methods We performed prospective free-hand percutaneous
puncture on a porcine kidney model embedded in gelatin using the Xperius
ultrasound system in combination with needle tracking with a Stimuplex Onvision
hollow needle, compared to the conventional freehand ultrasound puncture
technique. Punctures were performed by 25 participants using the ultrasound
machine with or without needle tracking mode.
Results Compared to the conventional approach, the navigated approach
reduced the number of puncture procedures by 0.2 attempts(8%) in the experienced
group. The time to calyx access was reduced by 15 seconds (26%). In the novice
group, navigated puncture required 1.2 fewer attempts (36%) and the time to
access was 70 seconds faster (61%).
Conclusion Puncture using the novel device is feasible. The number of
punctures and the time needed for successful access of the calyceal system was
reduced by use of navigation in both groups, although the trend was significant
only in the novice group. Navigation using needle tracking seems to help
beginners perform sonographic percutaneous puncture at a level similar to
experienced users. For a more precise analysis and validation, further studies
are needed.
Acid Treatment of FVIII-Containing Plasma Samples Unmasks a Broad Spectrum of FVIII-Specific Antibodies in ELISA
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Stichel Diana , Salzmann-Manrique Emilia , Königs Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring routine treatment, plasma samples of patients with hemophilia A or acquired hemophilia A are frequently analyzed for the presence of FVIII-specific antibodies. While only inhibitory antibodies can be detected by the Bethesda assay, inhibitory and non-inhibitory antibodies can be detected by ELISA. However, plasma samples of patients frequently contain endogenous or substituted FVIII, hence interfering with both types of analyses. One option for the inactivation of FVIII is heat denaturation, which unfortunately has been shown to lead to high background signals complicating the discrimination of negative and positive plasma samples. In the current study, we developed a method of acid denaturation for FVIII-containing plasma samples that can help identify samples containing FVIII-specific antibodies and compared the effects of heat and acid denaturation on the detection of FVIII–antibody interactions in a monoclonal setting. The aim of our study was to establish an analysis that allows safer treatment decisions in the context of tolerance to FVIII.
Venous Thromboembolism Post-allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: Risk Factors, Incidence, and Outcomes
Authors: Granat Lauren M. , Li Hong , Ondeck Mariah , Osantowski Bennet , Peysin Chana , Wilks Mailey , Ferraro Christina , Sobecks Ronald , Angelini Dana , Hamilton Betty K. 
Published: July 2024

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-documented complication of both solid and hematologic malignancies, but there are fewer data on allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Therefore, we studied the incidence, risk factors, and impact of VTE on post-HCT outcomes in a contemporary cohort.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent allogeneic HCT between January 2014 and August 2019 to identify patients with post-HCT VTE. Patient, disease, and transplant-related risk factors for VTE were investigated using competing risk analysis.
Results A total of 431 patients were included in this study. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age in years was 59 (46–65) at transplant. The most common indication for transplant was acute myelogenous leukemia (49.4%). Within our cohort, 64 patients (14.8%) developed post-HCT VTE with a median (IQR) follow-up time of 24.6 (8.4–47.1) months. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 4.2% at 6 months, 9.0% at 12 months, 12.6% at 24 months, and 13.8% at 36 months. In multivariable analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR] per 10-year increase: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.70), history of VTE (HR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.09–3.49), and grade 2–4 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD; HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.05–2.94) were independently associated with VTE. VTE was significantly associated with an increased risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM; HR: 4.09, 95% CI: 2.47–6.74) and decreased overall survival (OS; HR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.48–3.24).
Conclusion VTE is an important complication after allogeneic HCT and is significantly associated with increased NRM and decreased OS. Older patients, those with prior VTE, and patients with acute GVHD are at increased risk for development of VTE after HCT.
Efficacy and safety of a single-use cholangioscope for percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy
Authors: Boskoski Ivo , Beyna Torsten , Lau James YW , Lemmers Arnaud , Fotoohi Mehran , Ramchandani Mohan , Pontecorvi Valerio , Peetermans Joyce , Shlomovitz Eran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Percutaneous transhepatic
cholangioscopy (PTCS) is a management option for patients in whom peroral cholangioscopy or
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fail. We conducted a case series on the
efficacy and safety of PTCS using a cholangiopancreatoscope cleared by the US Food and Drug
Administration in 2020.
Patients and methods Fifty adult patients scheduled for PTCS or other cholangioscopic procedure were enrolled at seven academic medical centers and followed for 30 days after the index procedure. The primary efficacy endpoint was achievement of clinical intent by 30 days after the index PTCS procedure. Secondary endpoints included technical success, procedure time, endoscopist ratings of device attributes on a scale of 1 to 10 (best), and serious adverse events (SAEs) related to the device or procedure.
Results Patients had a mean age of 64.7±15.9 years, and 60.0% (30/50) were male. Forty-four patients (88.0%) achieved clinical intent by 30 days post-procedure. The most common reasons for the percutaneous approach were past (38.0%) or anticipated (30.0%) failed ERCP. The technical success rate was 96.0% (48/50), with a mean procedure time of 37.6 minutes (SD, 25.1; range 5.0–125.0). The endoscopist rated the overall ability of the cholangioscope to complete the procedure as a mean 9.2 (SD, 1.6; range 1.0–10.0). Two patients (4.0%) experienced related SAEs, one of whom had a fatal periprocedure aspiration.
Conclusions PTCS is an important endoscopic option for selected patients with impossible retrograde access or in whom ERCP fails. Because of the associated risk, this technique should be practiced by highly trained endoscopists at high-volume centers. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04580940)
Endoscopic ultrasound with tissue acquisition of lymph nodes in patients with potentially resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: de Jong David M. , Van Driel Lydi M.J.W. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , van de Vondervoort Sanne , Dwarkasing Roy S. , Thomeer Maarten G.J. , Doukas Michael , Voermans Rogier P. , Verdonk Robert C. , Polak Wojciech G. , de Jonge Jeroen , Bruno Marco J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Lymph node (LN) involvement is a poor prognostic factor for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and impact on clinical decision making of endoscopic ultrasound with tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) of LNs in patients with potentially resectable iCCA.
Patients and methods In this multicenter cohort study, patients with potentially resectable iCCA and preoperative EUS between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively included. The impact of EUS-TA was defined as the percentage of patients who did not undergo surgical exploration due to pathologically confirmed positive LNs found with EUS-TA.
Results A total of 56 patients underwent EUS, with 91% of patients to target suspicious LNs on imaging. EUS-TA of LNs confirmed malignancy in 21 LNs among 19 patients (34%). In 17 patients (30%), surgical exploration was withheld due to nodal involvement. Finally, 24 patients (43%) underwent surgical exploration among whom positive regional LNs were identified in six patients (25%).
Conclusions In patients with potentially resectable iCCA and suspicious LNs on cross-sectional imaging, EUS-TA confirmed LN involvement in 30% of patients. Surgical exploration was withheld mostly because of extraregional LN involvement and regional LN involvement in patients with high surgical risk.
Plug-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration: A Modified Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices
Authors: Gwon Dong Il , Yoon Hyun-Ki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGastric varices (GVs) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are major complications of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. As most of the GVs drain into the left renal vein via a portosystemic shunt, the concept of retrograde treatment approach such as balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration using sclerosing agents has been introduced. Recently, plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (PARTO) has been alternatively performed, which uses vascular plug and gelfoam. PARTO utilizes a permanent vascular plug to reduce postprocedural monitoring time as well as to avoid the risk of balloon rupture–related complications. It also eliminates the sclerosing agents–related complications with the use of gelfoam as an embolics. In this review, we introduce technical aspects of PARTO and outline its potential for use as the treatment of GVs and HE.
Ultra-high precision comb-locked terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy of whispering-gallery modes
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Hill Kane , Vogt Dominik Walter , Puppe Thomas A. , Mayzlin Yuriy , Wilk Rafal 
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate the capabilities of a novel frequency-domain terahertz spectrometer based on a comb-locked frequency synthesizer, which provides absolute frequency calibration. The inherent stability and repeatability of the scans allow for the combination of fast data acquisition with an average time-limited signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate kilohertz level frequency resolution in terahertz precision spectroscopy of ultra-high quality whispering-gallery-mode resonators. Spectra covering multiple free spectral ranges (&gt;36 GHz) with sub-20 kHz resolution are acquired in 5 s. We analyze the coupling behavior and temperature tuning of single resonances and, for the first time, observe minute red and blue shifts of different mode families. The experimental results are supported with finite element simulations.
A peak enhancement of frequency response of waveguide integrated silicon-based germanium avalanche photodetector
Authors: Yi Linkai , Liu Daoqun , Cheng Wenzheng , Li Daimo , Zhou Guoqi , Zhang Peng , Tang Bo , Li Bin , Wang Wenwu , Yang Yan , Li Zhihua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Avalanche photodetectors (APDs) featuring an avalanche multiplication region are vital for reaching high sensitivity and responsivity in optical transceivers. Waveguide-coupled Ge-on-Si separate absorption, charge, and multiplication (SACM) APDs are popular due to their straightforward fabrication process, low optical propagation loss, and high detection sensitivity in optical communications. This paper introduces a lateral SACM Ge-on-Si APD on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, featuring a 10 μm-long, 0.5 μm-wide Ge layer at 1310 nm on a standard 8-inch silicon photonics platform. The dark current measures approximately 38.6 μA at −21 V, indicating a breakdown voltage greater than −21 V for the device. The APDs exhibit a unit-gain responsivity of 0.5 A/W at −10 V. At −15 V, their responsivity reaches 2.98 and 2.91 A/W with input powers of −10 and −25 dBm, respectively. The device's 3-dB bandwidth is 15 GHz with an input power of −15 dBm and a gain is 11.68. Experimental results show a peak in impedance at high bias voltages, attributed to inductor and capacitor (LC) circuit resonance, enhancing frequency response. Furthermore, 20 Gbps eye diagrams at −21 V and −9 dBm input power reveal signal to noise ratio (SNRs) of 5.30. This lateral SACM APD, compatible with the stand complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, shows that utilizing the peaking effect at low optical power increases bandwidth.
High-precision X-ray characterization for basic materials in modern high-end integrated circuit
Authors: Zhao Weiran , Mo Qiuqi , Zheng Li , Li Zhongliang , Zhang Xiaowei , Yu Yuehui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Semiconductor materials exemplify humanity's unwavering pursuit of enhanced performance, efficiency, and functionality in electronic devices. From its early iterations to the advanced variants of today, this field has undergone an extraordinary evolution. As the reliability requirements of integrated circuits continue to increase, the industry is placing greater emphasis on the crystal qualities. Consequently, conducting a range of characterization tests on the crystals has become necessary. This paper will examine the correlation between crystal quality, device performance, and production yield, emphasizing the significance of crystal characterization tests and the important role of high-precision synchrotron radiation X-ray topography characterization in semiconductor analysis. Finally, we will cover the specific applications of synchrotron radiation characterization in the development of semiconductor materials.
Analytical solution for optimal protocols of weak drivings
Authors: Nazé Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of the main objectives of science is the recognition of a general pattern in a particular phenomenon in some particular regime. In this work, this is achieved with the analytical expression for the optimal protocol that minimizes the thermodynamic work and its variance for finite-time, isothermal, and weak processes. The method that solves the Euler–Lagrange integral equation is quite general and depends only on the time-reversal symmetry of the optimal protocol, which is proven generically for the regime considered. The solution is composed of a straight line with jumps at the boundaries and impulse-like terms. Already known results are deduced, and many new examples are solved corroborating this pattern. Slowly-varying and sudden cases are deduced in their appropriate asymptotic limits. Comparison with numerical procedures is limited by the nonavailability of the present methods of the literature to produce solutions in the space of distributions.
Study of heat transfer in heated garments based on the JOS-3 model
Authors: Yu Tao , Ou Meilian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Body temperature prediction and control are important in cold environments or extreme temperatures. In this paper, a multi-segmented heated garment model based on J0S-3 thermoregulation is proposed, and the effects of multi-layer garments and air interlayers on human heat transfer are explored, as well as the role of heating pads in the heat transfer path. By comparison, the simulation results of the present study were found to align with the temperature change curves observed in available experimental data. Moreover, the root mean square of the overall core temperature and the root mean square of the skin temperature were both below 0.08°C and 0.36°C, respectively, which provided good prediction results. This study helps people to adapt to the environment with variable temperatures and has a great potential for development in body temperature prediction technology and application.
Characterization of gas explosion shock wave propagation in long straight confined space
Authors: Huang Chaoyuan , Liu Fei , Xin Kai , Gao Yonghong , Zhou Liqiang , Wu Hao , Duan Yapeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Currently, China is engaged in the construction of urban subterranean areas and the deployment of gas pipelines within these spaces. Nonetheless, the entry of gas into subterranean areas poses a definite threat of leaks and explosions. An explosion triggered by a gas pipeline leak will gravely compromise the underground space’s integrity and significantly affect nearby structures. Consequently, examining the spread properties of gas explosion shock waves in urban subterranean areas is essential. This document utilizes FLACS software to develop an extensive straight confined space gas explosion model, examining the load properties of gas explosion shock waves and deriving the propagation law and distribution patterns of blast shock wave loads across various methane volumes. Gas explosion tests confirm the precision of the numerical model. Findings from the study can supply data on load for comparable safety assessments in underground spaces, enhancing their resilience to explosions.
Numerical simulation of structural optimization within a supersonic cyclone separator
Authors: Zhai Zhenhua , Chen Guanghui , Di Chuanjun , Zhang Lehui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Supersonic cyclone separation technology, as a new type of natural gas dewatering technology, utilizes the temperature drop generated by ultrahigh velocity fluid flow to condense the water vapor, thus accomplishing the goal of gas-liquid separation. At the input pressure of 8.48×104 Pa (G), the input temperature of 279.6 K, and the input water steam quality score of 5%, the flow fields and condensation characteristics were compared within the steeped, attached, five-curved three separator structures and the control group without the separator structure. The result shows that when the number of mahs of the ultrasonic spin separator of the ladder separator structure reached 1.51, the minimum pressure is −7.49×104 Pa, resulting in a temperature drop of approximately 100 K, and the flow field is most conducive to droplet condensation and growth; the maximum nucleation rate is 2.23×1023 kg−1·s−1, and the droplet diameter is 6.64×10−3μm.