bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluando el perfil de la ética, el derecho y el profesionalismo en la educación médica básica
Authors: Worthington Roger P. , Becker Greg , Hays Richard 
Published: January 2015

Existen diferencias sustanciales entre las escuelas y los países en cuanto al papel de la ética, el derecho y el profesionalismo en los currículos de medicina. Entre las escuelas y los países se necesita una mayor consistencia en el enfoque para garantizar los estándares de la práctica profesional. Desde una perspectiva internacional, estos temas son el foco de creciente atención ya que la naturaleza de la práctica médica y su regulación han cambiado. Este documento ofrece sugerencias prácticas para elevar el perfil educativo y la integración de la ética, el derecho y el profesionalismo en los planes de estudio en Medicina. Hacer frente a estos temas de manera efectiva durante la formación médica temprana ayuda a proporcionar las bases apropiadas para el aprendizaje y la práctica futura.
AND THE ARITHMETIC OF A FAMILY OF NON-HYPERELLIPTIC CURVES OF GENUS 3
Authors: THORNE JACK A. 
Published: January 2015

We study the arithmetic of a family of non-hyperelliptic curves of genus 3 over the field$\mathbb{Q}$of rational numbers. These curves are the nearby fibers of the semi-universal deformation of a simple singularity of type$E_{6}$. We show that average size of the 2-Selmer sets of these curves is finite (if it exists). We use this to show that a positive proposition of these curves (when ordered by height) has integral points everywhere locally, but no integral points globally.
Is theism a simple hypothesis? The simplicity of omni-properties
Authors: MILLER CALUM 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOne reason for thinking that theism is a relatively simple theory – and that it is thereby more likely to be true than other theories,ceteris paribus – is to insist that infinite degrees of properties are simpler than extremely large, finite degrees of properties. This defence of theism has been championed by Richard Swinburne in recent years. I outline the objections to this line of argument present in the literature, and suggest some novel resources open to Swinburne in defence. I then argue that scientists' preference for universal nomological propositions constitutes a very strong reason for supposing that theism is simpler than parodical alternatives in virtue of its positing omni-properties rather than parallel ‘mega-properties’.
PRE-INDEPENDENCE SPANISH AMERICANS: POOR, SHORT AND UNEQUAL… OR THE OPPOSITE?
Authors: DOBADO-GONZÁLEZ RAFAEL 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to establish a debate between alternative views of living standards in Spanish America during the viceregal period. Since 2009, a growing literature has shared a «common language» based on a similar, though not identical, methodology. As never before, this «new generation» of studies is built upon long series of quantitative data and international comparisons of nominal wages and prices which, in some cases, cover the whole Early Modern Era. Part of this literature also complements the examination of economic welfare using height as an indicator of biological welfare. Inequality is also quantitatively approached in one of the works discussed. In spite of significant similarities, some methodological differences lead to contrasting results. For the sake of simplicity, the relevant literature is divided into two views: «pessimism» and «optimism». It is my contention that the latter is more consistent with the available evidence.
The detection of toxigenicCorynebacterium ulceransfrom cats with nasal inflammation in Japan
Authors: SAEKI J. , KATSUKAWA C. , MATSUBAYASHI M. , NAKANISHI H. , FURUYA M. , TANI H. , SASAI K. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYCorynebacterium ulcerans(toxigenicC. ulcerans) produces the diphtheria toxin, which causes pharyngeal and cutaneous diphtheria-like disease in people, and this bacterium is commonly detected in dogs and cats that are reared at home. It is considered dangerous when a carrier animal becomes the source of infection in people. To investigate the carrier situation of toxigenicC. ulceransof cats bred in Japan, bacteria were isolated from 37 cats with a primary complaint of rhinitis in 16 veterinary hospitals in Osaka. ToxigenicC. ulceranswas detected in two of the cats. By drug sensitivity testing, the detected bacterium was sensitive to all investigated drugs, except clindamycin. It appears necessary to create awareness regarding toxigenicC. ulceransinfection in pet owners because this bacterium is believed to be the causative organism for rhinitis in cats.
Potential coverage of circulating HPV types by current and developing vaccines in a group of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina with abnormal Pap smears
Authors: SALIMOVIĆ-BEŠIĆ I. , HUKIĆ M. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThe objectives of this study were to identify human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in a group of Bosnian-Herzegovinian women with abnormal cytology and to assess their potential coverage by vaccines. HPVs were identified by multiplex real-time PCR test (HPV High Risk Typing Real-TM; Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy) of 105 women with an abnormal cervical Pap smear and positive high-risk (HR) HPV DNA screening test. The most common genotypes in the study were HPV-16 (32·6%, 48/147), HPV-31 (14·3%, 21/147), HPV-51 (9·5%, 14/147) and HPV-18 (7·5%, 11/147). The overall frequency of HR HPV-16 and/or HPV-18, covered by currently available vaccines [Gardasil® (Merck & Co., USA) and Cervarix®; (GlaxoSmithKline, UK)] was lower than the overall frequency of other HPVs detected in the study (40·1%, 59/174,P= 0·017). Group prevalence of HR HPVs targeted by a nine-valent vaccine in development (code-named V503) was higher than total frequency of other HPVs detected (68·0%, 100/147,P< 0·001). Development of cervical cytological abnormalities was independent of the presence of multiple infections (χ2= 0·598,P= 0·741). Compared to other HPVs, dependence of cervical diagnosis and HPV-16, -18 (P= 0·008) and HPV-16, -18, -31 (P= 0·008) infections were observed. Vaccines targeting HR HPV-16, -18 and -31 might be an important tool in the prevention of cervical disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Statistical analysis on 2D array of ion chamber performance
Authors: Anvari Akbar , Aghamiri Seyed Mahmoud Reza , Mahdavi Seyed Rabie , Alaei Parham 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeIn this work, dosimetric properties of the PTW Octavius detector in and out of the irradiation field have been evaluated. The 2D array of ion chambers has the potential to simplify the linear accelerator QA and pre-treatment verification.Materials and methodsThe evaluation was performed using customised written codes in Matlab and SPSS software for statistical analysis.ResultsExperiments indicate that the reproducibility and stability of the measurements were excellent; the detector showed the same signal with a maximum deviation of <0·5% in the short and long term. Comparisons of the ion chamber with the detector showed the same results with a maximum deviation of ~0·1%. As the detector response is linear with the dose, it can be used for the measurement at regions of high-dose gradient effectively. Logarithmic regression y=0·127 ln(x)+0·729 for detector signal and field size changes yielded a coefficient of determination of 0·997. The dose value decreases with increase in source-to-surface distance, which was modelled using a binomial regression with a coefficient of determination of 0·998 that agrees with the ionisation chamber measurement within 1%.ConclusionOn the basis of the measurements and comparisons performed, this system is a reliable and accurate dosimeter for quality assurance in radiotherapy.
Farmer perspectives of Farm to Institution in Michigan: 2012 survey results of vegetable farmers
Authors: Matts Colleen , Conner David S. , Fisher Caitlin , Tyler Shakara , Hamm Michael W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLocal food purchasing programs at institutions such as K-12 schools, colleges and hospitals offer benefits including supporting farms and local economies, encouraging more healthful eating habits of patrons and fostering closer connections between farmers and consumers. Increasing in number and expanding in breadth, Farm to Institution (FTI) markets are promising outlets that may fulfill social and economic motivations for farmers. However, significant challenges and barriers have kept many from participating; farmers interested in this market will incur transaction costs, with high negotiation costs in particular due to product differentiation (in this case, by provenance) and less established markets and terms. Researchers have just begun to study farmers’ perspectives on FTI and, to date, have primarily done so through convenience sampling. By utilizing a representative farmer sample, this study provides a major contribution to FTI research. This survey study was designed to better understand Michigan vegetable farmers’ interest and willingness to participate in institutional markets and to identify perceived barriers and opportunities. Michigan is an ideal location for this research as it boasts one of the most diverse sets of agricultural crops in the US, has an economy highly reliant on the food and agriculture industry and has thriving FTI activity with extensive, ongoing outreach, education and research. Results of this survey study showed that half (50%) of the respondents (n = 311) reported interest in selling to at least one institution type (of K-12 schools, colleges and hospitals), but only a small percentage (7%) had yet sold produce to institutions. The most frequently reported motivators to sell to institutions were supplying healthy foods to customers (77%), fair, steady prices (77%) and supplying local food to consumers (76%), indicating that farmers’ motivations are largely based in social values. Smaller scale farmers (less than 25 acres) were significantly less likely to rate economic factors and help in meeting logistical challenges as important, which suggests that they see more potential social value in FTI markets while larger farmers will seek to minimize their transaction costs related to this market. This research can inform the development of scale-appropriate farmer education to foster this market opportunity and its contribution to regional food system development. As demand for local food increases, it is critical to further examine the viability of FTI markets and continue to understand the opportunities and challenges to farmers of different types and scales to participate.
Can brief mindfulness practice be of benefit? Evidence from an evaluation of group Person-based Cognitive Therapy for depression
Authors: Strauss Clara , Luke Gemma , Hayward Mark , Jones Fergal 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was not intended for current depression, and lengthy mindfulness practices (≥30 min) can be challenging. Person-based cognitive therapy (PBCT) includes brief mindfulness practices (<10 min). While group PBCT can improve depressive symptoms whether benefits can be attributed to the brief practices is unclear. Twenty-eight participants with chronic major depression were randomly assigned to PBCT (n = 14) or treatment as usual (n = 14). Measures of mindfulness and depression were taken. Six PBCT participants were interviewed. Improvements in mindfulness in mediating the relationship between group and improvements in depressive symptoms just failed to reach statistical significance (95% confidence interval −0.97 to 14.84). Thematic analysis identified four themes: ‘altered relationship to symptoms’, ‘impact on self’, ‘the challenge of letting go’ and ‘effect of the group’. Although bootstrapped indirect effects were in the hypothesized direction they failed to reach statistical significance; this could be due to low power, but further research is needed. Qualitative themes support the potential of brief mindfulness practices and are similar to themes identified of mindfulness-based interventions with lengthier mindfulness practices. Findings suggest that some people experiencing current depression report benefit from the brief mindfulness practices included in PBCT but further research in larger samples is now needed.
GENERALIZED ALGEBRA-VALUED MODELS OF SET THEORY
Authors: LÖWE BENEDIKT , TARAFDER SOURAV 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe generalize the construction of lattice-valued models of set theory due to Takeuti, Titani, Kozawa and Ozawa to a wider class of algebras and show that this yields a model of a paraconsistent logic that validates all axioms of the negation-free fragment of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.
Ethnicity and Altruism After Violence: The Contact Hypothesis in Kosovo
Authors: Mironova Vera , Whitt Sam 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn enduring question for the social sciences is whether increasing contact and exposure between in-groups and out-groups enhances prospects for social tolerance and cooperation. Using dictator experiments with ethnic Serbs in post-war Kosovo, our research explores how norms of altruism are impacted by proximity to former rivals. In the aftermath of violence, proximity appears to amplify solidarity with the in-group but also increases empathy toward former adversaries. Based on a March 2011 study of 158 ethnic Serbs from regions across Kosovo with varying degrees of contact and separation from ethnic Albanians, we find that both out-group bridging and in-group bonding norms increase with exposure to the out-group. The inclusion of extended controls and matching for displacement by violence and other forms of victimization helps alleviate concerns about sorting and selection driving our results.
Information Spillovers: Another Look at Experimental Estimates of Legislator Responsiveness
Authors: Coppock Alexander 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA field experiment carried out by Butler and Nickerson (Butler, D. M., and Nickerson, D. W. (2011). Can learning constituency opinion affect how legislators vote? Results from a field experiment.Quarterly Journal of Political Science6, 55–83) shows that New Mexico legislators changed their voting decisions upon receiving reports of their constituents’ preferences. The analysis of the experiment did not account for the possibility that legislators may share information, potentially resulting in spillover effects. Working within the analytic framework proposed by Bowers et al. (2013), I find evidence of spillovers, and present estimates of direct and indirect treatment effects. The total causal effect of the experimental intervention appears to be twice as large as reported originally.
The DNA-binding network of Mycobacterium tuberculosi s
Authors: Minch Kyle J. , Rustad Tige R. , Peterson Eliza J. R. , Winkler Jessica , Reiss David J. , Ma Shuyi , Hickey Mark , Brabant William , Morrison Bob , Turkarslan Serdar , Mawhinney Chris , Galagan James E. , Price Nathan D. , Baliga Nitin S. , Sherman David R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects 30% of all humans and kills someone every 20–30 s. Here we report genome-wide binding for ~80% of all predicted MTB transcription factors (TFs), and assayed global expression following induction of each TF. The MTB DNA-binding network consists of ~16,000 binding events from 154 TFs. We identify >50 TF-DNA consensus motifs and >1,150 promoter-binding events directly associated with proximal gene regulation. An additional ~4,200 binding events are in promoter windows and represent strong candidates for direct transcriptional regulation under appropriate environmental conditions. However, we also identify >10,000 ‘dormant’ DNA-binding events that cannot be linked directly with proximal transcriptional control, suggesting that widespread DNA binding may be a common feature that should be considered when developing global models of coordinated gene expression.
A subcutaneous adipose tissue–liver signalling axis controls hepatic gluconeogenesis
Authors: Reilly Shannon M. , Ahmadian Maryam , Zamarron Brian F. , Chang Louise , Uhm Maeran , Poirier BreAnne , Peng Xiaoling , Krause Danielle M. , Korytnaya Evgenia , Neidert Adam , Liddle Christopher , Yu Ruth T. , Lumeng Carey N. , Oral Elif A. , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. , Saltiel Alan R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe search for effective treatments for obesity and its comorbidities is of prime importance. We previously identified IKK-ε and TBK1 as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated insulin resistance. Here we show that acute inhibition of IKK-ε and TBK1 with amlexanox treatment increases cAMP levels in subcutaneous adipose depots of obese mice, promoting the synthesis and secretion of the cytokine IL-6 from adipocytes and preadipocytes, but not from macrophages. IL-6, in turn, stimulates the phosphorylation of hepatic Stat3 to suppress expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, in the process improving glucose handling in obese mice. Preliminary data in a small cohort of obese patients show a similar association. These data support an important role for a subcutaneous adipose tissue–liver axis in mediating the acute metabolic benefits of amlexanox on glucose metabolism, and point to a new therapeutic pathway for type 2 diabetes.
Multiplex Imaging and Cellular Target Identification of Kinase Inhibitors via an Affinity-Based Proteome Profiling Approach
Authors: Su Ying , Pan Sijun , Li Zhengqiu , Li Lin , Wu Xiaoyuan , Hao Piliang , Sze Siu Kwan , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMLN8237 is a highly potent and presumably selective inhibitor of Aurora kinase A (AKA) and has shown promising antitumor activities. Like other kinase inhibitors which target the ATP-binding site of kinases, MLN8237 might be expected to have potential cellular off-targets. Herein, we report the first photoaffinity-based, small molecule AKA probe capable of both live-cell imaging of AKA activities and in situ proteome profiling of potential off-targets of MLN8237 (including AKA-associating proteins). By using two mutually compatible, bioorthogonal reactions (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry and TCO-tetrazine ligation), we demostrate small molecule-based multiplex bioimaging for simultaneous in situ monitoring of two important cell-cycle regulating kinases (AKA and CDK1). A broad range of proteins, as potential off-targets of MLN8237 and AKA's-interacting partners, is subsequently identified by affinity-based proteome profiling coupled with large-scale LC-MS/MS analysis. From these studies, we discover novel AKA interactions which were further validated by cell-based immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments.
Microfluidic-SANS: flow processing of complex fluids
Authors: Lopez Carlos G. , Watanabe Takaichi , Martel Anne , Porcar Lionel , Cabral João T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUnderstanding and engineering the flow-response of complex and non-Newtonian fluids at a molecular level is a key challenge for their practical utilisation. Here we demonstrate the coupling of microfluidics with small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Microdevices with high neutron transmission (up to 98%), low scattering background ("Equation missing"), broad solvent compatibility and high pressure tolerance (≈3–15 bar) are rapidly prototyped via frontal photo polymerisation. Scattering from single microchannels of widths down to 60 μm, with beam footprint of 500 μm diameter, was successfully obtained in the scattering vector range 0.01–0.3 Å−1, corresponding to real space dimensions of "Equation missing". We demonstrate our approach by investigating the molecular re-orientation and alignment underpinning the flow response of two model complex fluids, namely cetyl trimethylammonium chloride/pentanol/D2O and sodium lauryl sulfate/octanol/brine lamellar systems. Finally, we assess the applicability and outlook of microfluidic-SANS for high-throughput and flow processing studies, with emphasis of soft matter.
Highly adjustable mixer‐based UWB pulse generator architecture with leakage compensation integrated in 40 nm CMOS
Authors: Faes B. , Reynaert P. , Leroux P. 
Published: January 2015

A novel highly flexible mixer‐based ultra‐wideband (UWB) pulse generator is designed. The baseband pulse generator has a controllable pulse width between 200 ps and 8 ns, while the output amplitude only varies over 80 mV in this entire range. The mixer is adjustable so that the voltage controlled oscillator leakage can be controlled and minimised. The proposed architecture gives a highly flexible UWB pulse generator for which the characteristics can be adjusted to fit the specifications of different applications and the spectral mask of the country/region of usage.
Low‐power transformer‐based current‐reuse injection‐locked frequency divider
Authors: Ha Keum‐Won , Sung Eun‐Taek , Baek Donghyun 
Published: January 2015

A novel low‐power injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) is proposed, in which a complementary Gm‐boosted Colpitts oscillator core is employed to improve negative transconductance (Gm) and the current‐reuse technique using a single transformer is applied to reduce the power consumption. The proposed ILFD exhibits a self‐resonant frequency of 4.93 GHz with a maximum locking range of 870 MHz at 0 dBm of input power. The phase noises of the input and output signals are −128.54 and −134.53 dBc/Hz, respectively. The ILFD consumes 1.37 and 2.5 mW at 1.15 and 1.3 V, respectively. The chip area is 715.5 × 468 μm2 in a 0.13 μm CMOS process. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the current‐reuse ILFD.
Evaluation of Daily Creel and Minimum Length Limits for Black Crappie and Yellow Perch in Wisconsin
Authors: Mosel Kyle J. , Isermann Daniel A. , Hansen Jonathan F. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Harvest regulations for Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens in the northern USA and Canada have not been thoroughly evaluated, and specific guidance regarding where minimum length limits (MLLs) might improve these fisheries is lacking. We examined whether: (1) transitioning from an aggregate statewide daily creel limit of 25 panfish to species-specific daily creel limits of &lt;25 fish or implementing statewide MLLs could reduce harvest of Black Crappie and Yellow Perch in Wisconsin by ≥25%, and (2) MLLs would improve yield by ≥10% and mean TL of harvested fish by ≥25 mm in Wisconsin fisheries. Creel surveys indicated that ≥94% of Wisconsin anglers did not harvest a Black Crappie or Yellow Perch, and ≤0.12% of anglers harvested a daily creel limit of 25 fish. Daily creel limits would need to be ≤7 fish/ angler to reduce harvest by ≥25%. Statewide MLLs would need to be ≥229 mm for Black Crappie and ≥203 mm for Yellow Perch to reduce harvest by ≥25%, but predicted responses to MLLs varied among simulated populations. In general, MLLs were not predicted to improve yield, indicating that growth overfishing was not a widespread problem. Minimum length limits could improve mean TL of harvested fish, but increases ≥25 mm were only observed under 254-mm and 279-mm MLLs, and anglers would have to accept predicted reductions in harvest of ≥30% to achieve these improvements. A 229-mm MLL offered a more equitable trade-off between increases in mean TLs of harvested fish (11–21-mm improvements) and reductions in harvest (22–37% reductions). Our modeling provides a framework for managers to make more informed decisions regarding harvest regulations, but more information regarding angler preferences is needed for selecting appropriate management objectives and harvest regulations.
Received June 11, 2014; accepted September 4, 2014