bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of purified natural killer cell functions in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Rosental Benyamin , Shemesh Avishai , Yaron-Mendelson Michal , Klein Lauren C. , Kodman Yona , Levy Jacov , Porgador Angel , Broides Arnon 
Published: August 2015

Background: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare, genetic, immune dysregulation disorder of aberrant hyperactivation of lymphocytes causing inflammation and hemophagocytosis. We report on a 3-month old male who was evaluated for the possibility of FHL because of a positive family history. The patient was asymptomatic; however, levels of the soluble interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor were elevated and the quantity and function of the natural killer (NK) cells were severely decreased. Methods: Purification of NK cells and evaluation of the cytotoxicity and IFNγ/TNFα secretion of NK cells after IL-2 activation relative to the patient's family members. Results: The patient's NK specific lysis was enhanced compared with his mother, and it was slightly higher than his sister. The IFNγ and TNFα secretion by the patient's NK cells after challenge with target 721 cells or anti-natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp30 and NKp44) antibodies showed levels that are close to the mother's and sister's NK secretion levels. Owing to a low yield of NK cells from the patient's father the results for his NK cells are incomplete. The patient did not undergo HSCT and continued to be followed. He is now 7 years old and thriving without signs of FHL. His last examination was in August 2012 for functionality of isolated NK cells. The results showed normal cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and CD107a up-regulation to the NK cell surface. Conclusion: We propose that NK function assessment in patients with presumed FHL should be performed on isolated NK cell populations. This practice may reduce the number of false-negative results in NK function assays. Statement of novelty: In this case report we show that functional assessment of unpurified NK cells could lead to a false-negative assessment in 1 of the parameters in FHL. Assessment of NK function without NK purification may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of poor NK function.
Genetic diversity of Thaumetopoea pityocampa in Greece: the role of Quaternary changes in Aegean Sea
Authors: Korsch Katrin , Bataka Alkmini , Kodona Maria , Sioulas Stavros , Tsiakiris Rigas , Michaelakis Antonios , Avtzis Dimitrios N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Thaumetopoea pityocampa, the winter pine
processionary moth, is one of the most important pests
of pine trees in the Mediterranean region. To learn more
about the refugial areas within the greater refugium
of Greece, samples from 15 local populations were
collected. Analysis of the Cytochrome Oxidase I region
identified 15 haplotypes. One strongly supported clade
was found, separating the Aegean island of Lesvos from
the mainland populations. Mdiv analysis showed that
this clade diverged from the general clade 155,000 y.a.,
suggesting the sea level changes during the Quaternary
Period as a possible reason for its seclusion. Additionally,
comparisons with similar studies in this region revealed
a possible colonization of the eastern Aegean islands
from the Turkish mainland rather than from Greece.
However, no strong isolation-by-distance events were
detected among the mainland populations, which could
be attributed to the joint effect of regular gene flow and
the lack of insurmountable geographic barriers. Finally,
regarding population structure, Bayesian analysis as well
as neutrality tests pointed towards an ongoing population
expansion which verifies the potential invasiveness of
this pest species, something that will have to be dealt with
under the influence of climate change.
Assessment of femoral bone osteoporosis in rats
treated with simvastatin or fenofibrate
Authors: Şipos Remus S. , Fechete Radu , Moldovan Dumitriţa , Şuş Ioana , Szasz Simona , Pávai Zoltán 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: The effects of two lipidlowering
drugs, simvastatin and fenofibrate on
osteoporosis in the femurs of healthy and ovariectomized
female rats were investigated quantitatively by
histological images and 1H NMR relaxometry.
Methodology: The intertrabecular cavities percentage
was estimated from numerically cleaned histological
images which initially present both the trabecular bone
architecture and bone marrow filling the intertrabecular
pores. The eight weeks evolution of intertrabecular cavities
percentage measured from histological images of randomly
selected sections in ovariectomized rats femoral diaphysis
is similar with the evolution of transverse relaxation time
centre of gravity T2,CG, a selected parameter to quantify the
changes in intertrabecular cavities dimensions from onedimensional
(1D) transverse relaxation time T2 distributions.
Results: The analysis of histological images recorded for
non-ovariectomized rats show that the treatment with
simvastatin and fenofibrate has a negative effect on the
dimension of the femoral diaphysis trabecular bone. The
analysis of 1D T2 distributions show that the simvastatin
and fenofibrate lipid-lowering drugs produce different
effects on different particular sections of studied rat bones,
i.e. proximal part of femoris, diaphysis or distal epiphysis.
Conclusions: Finally, it is shown that the effects of the
treatments are strongly dependent on the duration of
treatment.
The Combined Laplace-Variational Iteration Method for Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Matinfar M. , Saeidy M. , Ghasemi M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the Laplace transform Variational Iteration Method (LVIM) is employed to obtain approximate analytical solutions of the linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. This method is a combined form of the Laplace transform method and the Variational Iteration Method. The proposed scheme, finds the solutions without any discretization or restrictive assumptions and is free from round-off errors and therefore, reduces the numerical computations to a great extent. Some illustrative examples are presented and the numerical results show that the solutions of the LVIM are in good agreement with the exact solution.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Nonlinear Shallow Water Sloshing
Authors: Bouscasse Benjamin , Antuono Matteo , Colagrossi Andrea , Lugni Claudio 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A numerical and experimental analysis of sloshing phenomena (i.e. violent fluid motions inside a tank) has been conducted in shallow water regimes. A narrow tank has been used to limit three-dimensional effects and allow for an extensive study of two-dimensional waves. A large range of experimental data from small to large amplitude sway motions has been considered for five different filling heights. The numerical simulations have been performed to cover the configurations where no experiments were available and provide an exhaustive description of the shallow-water sloshing motion. Specifically, the numerical simulations have been performed through a δ-SPH model since such a scheme proved to be robust and reliable in studying violent free-surface flows.
“There Were No Longer Any Laws”: Voices of Authority, Complicity, and Resistance in Totalitarian Dystopias and Holocaust Imaginings
Authors: Boge Chris 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article analyses five landmarks in totalitarian and dystopian fiction from a law-and-literature perspective, thus comparing works published between the 1920s and the first decade of the twenty-first century that fictionalize diametrically opposed ideologies of countries such as Stalinist Russia, Nazi Germany and the United States of America: Art Spiegelman’s Pulitzer Prize winning work Maus; Philip Roth’s “dark, humane masterpiece” (The Times) of “faction,” The Plot Against America; Yevgeny Zamyatin’s We, without which George Orwell’s modern classic Nineteen Eighty-Four would be unthinkable; and V for Vendetta by Alan Moore, one of the most acclaimed writers working in the graphic medium today.
Disputes and the Differend: Literary Strategies to Say the Unspeakable
Authors: Ost François 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
How do voice and power connect, in law? More precisely: given that in many cases one of the parties to a dispute does not share the language or the code of the court, and that the verdict will therefore do violence to him (this is the meaning of “differend,” as distinct from an ordinary legal dispute), how do the voices of the victims speak? The aim of this paper is to develop, with the aid of numerous literary examples, a typology of the various modulations of these voices, all the way from silence up to a shout, taking in along the way such things as: delirious ramblings, the oratorio, the petition, and literary sublimation. What are the limits of the “literary corpus” which we have in mind here? What about all the documents produced by the victims in cases of differend? Can we not regard them as a form of “outsider art,” of “judicial style”?
The Working Class Goes to the Movies: Labour Law and Thatcherism in British Films
Authors: Peruzzi Marco 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The essay focusses on the employment relationship as a privileged perspective for the analysis of the binomial “power of voices/voices of power.” In such context, the right to strike is presented as a meaningful example of the power stemming from a collective organisation of voices, the voices of the workers, granted as a means to counter-balance the power and the voice of the employer. The analysis highlights the enduring relevance of the British perspective towards the topic, from the liberalist policies fostered by Prime Minister Thatcher in the Eighties until the critical approach recently adopted by the British Government with regard to the protection of the right to strike at international level. British filmography is chosen as a lens for observing such perspective, in particular to the extent it describes the impact of Thatcherism on the British model of industrial relations as well as the economic and social consequences of such political measures in the Nineties. After a general overview, aimed at highlighting common features across the films, like the pivotal role of music and dance in the storyline, the analysis focusses on Billy Elliot, examining the ambiguous relationship between the collective and individual dimension in its narration.
Meta-analysis reveals
protective effects of
vitamin B on stroke patients
Authors: Wang Liping , Cui Weiwei , Nan Guangxian , Yu Yang 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Stroke is the loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain resulting from either
ischemia or hemorrhage. Previous studies have evaluated the clinical importance of nutritional interventions
such as vitamin B supplementation in the management of acute strokes. However, it is still inconclusive whether
or not vitamin B supplementation will benefit patients with acute strokes. Therefore, a meta-analysis was
performed to assess the efficacy of vitamin B supplementation in the treatment of stroke patients. Medline,
Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched (from 1960 to June 2015) and forest plots were
generated to illustrate the treatment effects. A systemic review of the electronic databases yielded 12 eligible
studies consisting of 7474 patients. Forest plots from the meta-analyses of the included studies illustrated that
vitamin B supplementation significantly lowered the plasma concentration of total homocysteine (SMD = -0.82;
95% CI: -0.77; Z = -29.06, p < 0.0001) and resulted in significant reduction in stroke recurrence (OR = 0.86%; 95%
CI: 0.76, 0.97; Z = -2.41; p = 0.016) as well as a combined incidence of vascular events, including recurrent strokes,
myocardial infarctions and vascular deaths (OR = 0.87%; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96; Z= -2.73; p = 0.0063).
Additionally, the nearly-symmetrical funnel plot (Egger’s test, t = −1.705, p = 0.1224) indicated the absence of
publication bias regarding the meta-analysis that examined the effect of vitamin B supplementation on the
plasma levels of homocysteine in acute stroke patients. These findings suggested that vitamin B supplementation
presents a potential addition to the armamentarium for the management of acute stroke patients.
Screw needle cytology of thyroid nodules is associated with a lower non-diagnostic rate compared to fine needle aspiration
Authors: Klooker Tamira K , Huibers Anne , in 't Hof Klaas , van Dijkum Els J M Nieveen , Phoa Saffire S , van Eeden Susanne , Bisschop Peter H 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the method of choice to exclude malignancy in thyroid nodules. A major limitation of thyroid FNA is the relatively high rate (13–17%) of non-diagnostic samples. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic yield of a screw needle compared to the conventional FNA.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed thyroid nodule cytology of all patients that underwent thyroid nodule fine needle or screw needle aspiration between July 2007 and July 2012 in a single academic medical centre. Cytology results were categorized according to the Bethesda classification system.ResultsIn total, 644 punctures of thyroid nodules from 459 patients were available for analysis. The screw needle was used 531 times, and the conventional fine needle 113 times. The percentage of non-diagnostic cytology was significantly lower in the screw needle samples than in the fine needle samples (3% vs 17%,P<0.001).ConclusionThis study shows a significantly better diagnostic performance of the screw needle compared to the conventional fine needle in cytology of thyroid nodules.
INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES FOR THE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: SOUTH KOREA LATIN AMERICA
Authors: Acosta Zapata Sebastián , Manfredi Luciana 
Published: August 2015

This study aims to analyze institutionalization from the perspective of negotiation processes that foster the economic integration agreement that have served Colombia, South Korea and Mercosur as they integrate economically with other regions, considering bilateral negotiations or bloc negotiations. The present research is based in two main theories: new-institutionalism and constructivism, that serve as foundation to explain the main research question: How does the level of institutionalization impact the strategies of negotiation and design of agreements? Finally, is it better to negotiate bilaterally or as a bloc? Therefore, this paper accounts with two kinds of studiesa qualitative and a quantitative one.
POLÍTICA EXTERNA PARA LA INTEGRACIÓN FRONTERIZA A PARTIR DEL CASO DE LA TRIPLE FRONTERA BRASIL, COLOMBIA Y PERÚ EN LOS GOBIERNOS DE LULA, URIBE Y GARCÍA (2006-2011)
Authors: Londoño Niño Edgar Andrés 
Published: August 2015

En éste artículo, se hace referencia a algunos de los elementos en materia fronteriza de la política exterior de Lula (2006-2011), Uribe (2006-2010) y García (2006-2011), a partir de factores domésticos, lineamientos de la política exterior y relaciones bilaterales con los vecinos alrededor del caso de la Triple Frontera Brasil, Colombia y Perú. El artículo resalta que Brasil en ese periodo dio una mayor atención a la Triple Frontera que sus vecinos, en concordancia con las orientaciones de la política exterior para la región y para Amazonía. Perú, consolidó su interés económico en su parte amazónica sin dar mayor atención a la región fronteriza estudiada.Colombia, se centró en la lucha contra la guerrilla y la defensa de su política de seguridad. Se demuestra cómo la política exterior resulta fundamental para analizar los límites y las posibilidades de procesos de integraciónfronteriza.
The Development of Prospective Music Teachers’ Harmonic Hearing at Higher Education Establishments
Authors: Zavadska Galina , Davidova Jelena 
Published: August 2015

The development of harmonic hearing is an essential component of the system of music teachers’ training. The paper is concerned with the type of a case study which deals with the study of professional groups (a bigger and more diffusive group of 14 students). The process of training music teachers at sol-fa classes in a higher education establishment is analyzed and described. The sol-fa classes are oriented towards the development of harmonic hearing.
The purpose of the study is to develop a technology of conducting sol-fa classes oriented towards developing students’ – the prospective music teachers’ – harmonic hearing on the basis of a case-study methodology; to present the developed material and ways of its application in the training process; to analyze and summarize the results of the research done.
The research results show that the criteria relating to practical music making of students, such as polyphonic singing and intoning intervals and chords, and also those relating to creativeness, such as improvisation and composing the accompaniment for the melody, have been the most effective ones.
От эмпирики к смыслам, от смыслов к осмыслению
Authors: Konstantinovskiy David 
Published: August 2015

Константиновский Давид Львович — доктор социологических наук, руководитель Центра социологии образования, науки и культуры Института социологии РАН. Эл. адрес: scan21@mail.ru Адрес: Россия, 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, д. 24/35, корп. 5.В статье предпринята попытка обобщить некоторые результаты исследований стратегий и социального поведения молодежи в сфере образования. Автор опирается на эмпирические данные, полученные в различных проектах за последние годы.Обсуждается зависимость намерений молодых людей от социально-профессионального статуса родителей и уровня урбанизации поселения: школьники вынуждены адаптировать свою жизненную, в том числе и образовательную, стратегию к реальности в соответствии с существующим неравенством. Те же факторы влияют на формирование образовательной траектории выпускников школ: чем выше социальный статус родителей и уровень урбанизации поселения, тем выше и шансы на поступление в вуз. Отмечается, что описываемое положение характерно для всех лет обследований, с начала 1960-х годов и включая 2000-е.Приводятся результаты исследования доступности качественного общего образования, которые позволили выявить несколько кластеров российских школ, различающихся как наличием квалифицированных учителей и уровнем оснащенности материальной базой, так и качеством обучения. Зафиксировано, что каждый кластер преимущественно обслуживает конкретную социальную группу. Перечислены основные социальные барьеры при получении качественного общего образования: социокультурный, территориальный, экономический. Подчеркивается, что различия в качестве школьного образования обусловливают неравные шансы на получение дальнейшего (профессионального) образования, создавая условия для воспроизводства социальной дифференциации. ЕГЭ расширяет возможности выбора вуза, но не решает проблему качества школьного образования.Выводы экстраполируются и на другие сферы жизни общества. Предполагается, что такое расширение интерпретации может способствовать лучшему пониманию происходящего в социуме.
Заочная форма обучения в учреждениях высшего профессионального образования: характеристики обучающихся (по данным статистики и Мониторинга экономики образования)
Authors: Ugolnova Liudmila 
Published: August 2015

Материал подготовлен по данным статистики и Мониторинга экономики образованияУгольнова Людмила Евгеньевна — заместитель начальника отдела по работе с данными Института институциональных исследований НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: lugolnova@hse.ru Характеристика ситуации в сфере заочного высшего образования в России представлена на основе статистических показателей, а также данных опросов обучающихся в учреждениях высшего профессионального образования и опросов работодателей, выполненных в рамках Мониторинга экономики образования.Показано, что за последние десять лет количество студентов, обучающихся в вузах по заочной форме, выросло более чем вдвое и в настоящее время заочная форма обучения стала наиболее распространенной формой получения высшего профессионального образования. Приведены данные о распределении студентов между различными формами обучения в государственных и негосударственных вузах. Как в негосударственных вузах, так и в государственных (но в меньшей степени) наблюдаются тенденции к увеличению доли студентов заочной формы обучения и сокращению доли очной и вечерней форм обучения.Представлены различия между студентами очной и заочной форм обучения в социально-демографических характеристиках, а также в образовательных и карьерных стратегиях. Определены причины, побудившие студентов выбрать заочную форму обучения. Представлена оценка студентов очных и заочных отделений вероятности работы в дальнейшем по той специальности, которую получают в вузе.Опрос работодателей показал, что студенты очных отделений будут иметь некоторое преимущество при трудоустройстве после окончания обучения. Представлены сведения о предпочтениях работодателей при приеме на работу между выпускниками и кандидатами, продолжающими обучение в момент соискания должности.
Высшее образование в профессиональных траекториях молодых рабочих
Authors: Cherednichenko Galina , Voznesenskaya Elena 
Published: August 2015

Вознесенская Елена Дмитриевна —кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела социологии образования Института социологии РАН. Эл. адрес: maslovka3@mail.ru Адрес: Россия, 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, д. 24/35, корп. 5.Чередниченко Галина Анатольевна— кандидат философских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела социологии образования Института социологии РАН. Эл. адрес: galcher50@mail.ru Адрес: 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, д. 24/35, корп. 5.На материалах проведенного социологического исследования рассматриваются особенности профессиональных траекторий дипломированных молодых людей, оказавшихся на позициях рабочих промышленных предприятий России, и студентов, получающих высшее образование без отрыва от производства. Анализируются мотивы получения высшего образования, смыслы, которые рабочая молодежь вкладывает в его достижение, и практики его использования.Установлено, что факт получения высшего образования, не поддержанный другими видами ресурсов (культурным капиталом семьи, социальным положением родителей, их профессиональным статусом), в условиях доступности высшего образования и дефицита хорошо оплачиваемых рабочих мест не меняет предначертанную габитусом рабочей семьи образовательно-профессиональную траекторию. Однако наличие высшего образования и диплома, его подтверждающего, для молодого рабочего становится его личным культурным и социальным ресурсом, на котором строятся возможности и перспективы дальнейшего продвижения. При этом выявлено, что наряду со стремлением к получению высшего образования среди молодых рабочих распространено и недоверие к нему. Рассматриваются факторы отторжения ими высшего образования.Показано, что образовательно-профессиональная траектория молодых людей этой категории ориентирована на запросы рынка труда, на нужды конкретного производства, что способствует наращиванию объема совокупного культурного капитала предприятия, создает среду, предрасполагающую к его технологическому перевооружению, модернизации. Обсуждается вопрос необходимости введения новых форм образовательных программ, более приспособленных к возможностям и реальным условиям жизни и труда сегодняшнего молодого рабочего, занятого на промышленном предприятии.