bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-dental primary care providers’ views on challenges in providing oral health services and strategies to improve oral health in Australian rural and remote communities: a qualitative study
Authors: Barnett Tony , Hoang Ha , Stuart Jackie , Crocombe Len 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the challenges of providing oral health advice/treatment as experienced by non-dental primary care providers in rural and remote areas with no resident dentist, and their views on ways in which oral health and oral health services could be improved for their communities.DesignQualitative study with semistructured interviews and thematic analysis.SettingFour remote communities in outback Queensland, Australia.Participants35 primary care providers who had experience in providing oral health advice to patients and four dental care providers who had provided oral health services to patients from the four communities.ResultsIn the absence of a resident dentist, rural and remote residents did present to non-dental primary care providers with oral health problems such as toothache, abscess, oral/gum infection and sore mouth for treatment and advice. Themes emerged from the interview data around communication challenges and strategies to improve oral health. Although, non-dental care providers commonly advised patients to see a dentist, they rarely communicated with the dentist in the nearest regional town. Participants proposed that oral health could be improved by: enabling access to dental practitioners, educating communities on preventive oral healthcare, and building the skills and knowledge base of non-dental primary care providers in the field of oral health.ConclusionsPrevention is a cornerstone to better oral health in rural and remote communities as well as in more urbanised communities. Strategies to improve the provision of dental services by either visiting or resident dental practitioners should include scope to provide community-based oral health promotion activities, and to engage more closely with other primary care service providers in these small communities.
HOTSAT: a multiplatform system for the thermal monitoring of volcanic activity using satellite data
Authors: Ganci G. , Bilotta G. , Cappello A. , Herault A. , Del Negro C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The HOTSAT multiplatform system for the analysis of infrared data from satellites provides a framework that allows the detection of volcanic hotspots and an output of their associated radiative power. This multiplatform system can operate on both Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager data. The new version of the system is now implemented on graphics processing units and its interface is available on the internet under restricted access conditions. Combining the estimation of time-varying discharge rates using HOTSAT with the MAGFLOW physics-based model to simulate lava flow paths resulted in the first operational system in which satellite observations drive the modelling of lava flow emplacement. This allows the timely definition of the parameters and maps essential for hazard assessment, including the propagation time of lava flows and the maximum run-out distance. The system was first used in an operational context during the paroxysmal episode at Mt Etna on 12–13 January 2011, when we produced real-time predictions of the areas likely to be inundated by lava flows while the eruption was still ongoing. This allowed key at-risk areas to be rapidly and appropriately identified.
Aurora A Is Critical for Survival in HPV-Transformed Cervical Cancer
Authors: Gabrielli Brian , Bokhari Fawzi , Ranall Max V. , Oo Zay Yar , Stevenson Alexander J. , Wang Weili , Murrell Melanie , Shaikh Mushfiq , Fallaha Sora , Clarke Daniel , Kelly Madison , Sedelies Karin , Christensen Melinda , McKee Sara , Leggatt Graham , Leo Paul , Skalamera Dubravka , Soyer H. Peter , Gonda Thomas J. , McMillan Nigel A.J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent in cervical cancer. HPV oncogenes are major drivers of the transformed phenotype, and the cancers remain addicted to these oncogenes. A screen of the human kinome has identified inhibition of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) as being synthetically lethal on the background of HPV E7 expression. The investigational AURKA inhibitor MLN8237/Alisertib selectively promoted apoptosis in the HPV cancers. The apoptosis was driven by an extended mitotic delay in the Alisertib-treated HPV E7–expressing cells. This had the effect of reducing Mcl-1 levels, which is destabilized in mitosis, and increasing BIM levels, normally destabilized by Aurora A in mitosis. Overexpression of Mcl-1 reduced sensitivity to the drug. The level of HPV E7 expression influenced the extent of Alisertib-induced mitotic delay and Mcl-1 reduction. Xenograft experiments with three cervical cancer cell lines showed Alisertib inhibited growth of HPV and non-HPV xenografts during treatment. Growth of non-HPV tumors was delayed, but in two separate HPV cancer cell lines, regression with no resumption of growth was detected, even at 50 days after treatment. A transgenic model of premalignant disease driven solely by HPV E7 also demonstrated sensitivity to drug treatment. Here, we show for the first time that targeting of the Aurora A kinase in mice using drugs such as Alisertib results in a curative sterilizing therapy that may be useful in treating HPV-driven cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2753–61. ©2015 AACR.
Effects of Extended-Release Niacin on the Postprandial Metabolism of Lp(a) and ApoB-100–Containing Lipoproteins in Statin-Treated Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ooi Esther M. , Watts Gerald F. , Chan Dick C. , Pang Jing , Tenneti Vijay S. , Hamilton Sandra J. , McCormick Sally P. , Marcovina Santica M. , Barrett P. Hugh R. 
Published: October 2015

Objective—
The effects of extended-release niacin (ERN; 1–2 g/d) on the metabolism of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and apolipoprotein (apo) B-100–containing lipoproteins were investigated in 11 statin-treated white men with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a randomized, crossover trial of 12-weeks duration.

Approach and Results—

The kinetics of Lp(a) and very low–density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apoB-100 were determined following a standardized oral fat load (87% fat) using intravenous administration of D
3
-leucine, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and compartmental modeling. ERN significantly decreased fasting plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. These effects were achieved without significant changes in body weight or insulin resistance. ERN significantly decreased plasma Lp(a) concentration (−26.5%) and the production rates of apo(a) (−41.5%) and Lp(a)-apoB-100 (−32.1%); the effect was greater in individuals with elevated Lp(a) concentration. ERN significantly decreased VLDL (−58.7%), intermediate-density lipoprotein (−33.6%), and LDL (−18.3%) apoB-100 concentrations and the corresponding production rates (VLDL, −49.8%; intermediate-density lipoprotein, −44.7%; LDL, −46.1%). The number of VLDL apoB-100 particles secreted increased in response to the oral fat load. Despite this, total VLDL apoB-100 production over the 10-hour postprandial period was significantly decreased with ERN (−21.9%).

Conclusions—
In statin-treated men with type 2 diabetes mellitus, ERN decreased plasma Lp(a) concentrations by decreasing the production of apo(a) and Lp(a)-apoB-100. ERN also decreased the concentrations of apoB-100–containing lipoproteins by decreasing VLDL production and the transport of these particles down the VLDL to LDL cascade. Our study provides further mechanistic insights into the lipid-regulating effects of ERN.
Time-Dependent Computed Tomographic Perfusion Thresholds for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: d’Esterre Christopher D. , Boesen Mari E. , Ahn Seong Hwan , Pordeli Pooneh , Najm Mohamed , Minhas Priyanka , Davari Paniz , Fainardi Enrico , Rubiera Marta , Khaw Alexander V. , Zini Andrea , Frayne Richard , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Forkert Nils D. , Goyal Mayank , Lee Ting Y. , Menon Bijoy K. 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
Among patients with acute ischemic stroke, we determine computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) thresholds associated with follow-up infarction at different stroke onset-to-CTP and CTP-to-reperfusion times.

Methods—

Acute ischemic stroke patients with occlusion on computed tomographic angiography were acutely imaged with CTP. Noncontrast computed tomography and magnectic resonance diffusion–weighted imaging between 24 and 48 hours were used to delineate follow-up infarction. Reperfusion was assessed on conventional angiogram or 4-hour repeat computed tomographic angiography.
T
max
, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume derived from delay-insensitive CTP postprocessing were analyzed using receiver–operator characteristic curves to derive optimal thresholds for combined patient data (pooled analysis) and individual patients (patient-level analysis) based on time from stroke onset-to-CTP and CTP-to-reperfusion. One-way ANOVA and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression was used to test whether the derived optimal CTP thresholds were different by time.

Results—

One hundred and thirty-two patients were included.
T
max
thresholds of >16.2 and >15.8 s and absolute cerebral blood flow thresholds of <8.9 and <7.4 mL·min
−1
·100 g
−1
were associated with infarct if reperfused <90 min from CTP with onset <180 min. The discriminative ability of cerebral blood volume was modest. No statistically significant relationship was noted between stroke onset-to-CTP time and the optimal CTP thresholds for all parameters based on discrete or continuous time analysis (
P
>0.05). A statistically significant relationship existed between CTP-to-reperfusion time and the optimal thresholds for cerebral blood flow (
P
<0.001; r=0.59 and 0.77 for gray and white matter, respectively) and
T
max
(
P
<0.001; r=−0.68 and −0.60 for gray and white matter, respectively) parameters.

Conclusions—
Optimal CTP thresholds associated with follow-up infarction depend on time from imaging to reperfusion.
Association of Dietary Protein Consumption With Incident Silent Cerebral Infarcts and Stroke
Authors: Haring Bernhard , Misialek Jeffrey R. , Rebholz Casey M. , Petruski-Ivleva Natalia , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Mosley Thomas H. , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
The effect of dietary protein on the risk of stroke has shown inconsistent results. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of dietary protein sources with the risk of stroke and silent cerebral infarcts in a large community-based cohort.

Methods—
We studied 11601 adults (age, 45–64 years at baseline in 1987–1989) enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, free of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Dietary protein intake was assessed with validated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and after 6 years of follow-up. Incident stroke events were identified through hospital discharge codes and stroke deaths and physician-adjudicated through December 31, 2011. A subset of participants (n=653) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging in 1993 to 1995 and in 2004 to 2006. Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses.

Results—

During a median follow-up of 22.7 years, there were 699 stroke events. In multivariable analyses, total, animal, and vegetable protein consumption was not associated with risk of stroke. Red meat consumption was associated with increased stroke risk, particularly ischemic events. The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for risk of ischemic stroke across ascending quintiles of red meat consumption were 1 (ref), 1.13 (0.85–1.49), 1.44 (1.09–1.90), 1.33 (0.99–1.79), and 1.47 (1.06–2.05);
P
trend
=0.01. No association of major dietary protein sources with silent cerebral infarcts was detected.

Conclusions—
This study supports the notion that consumption of red meat may increase the risk of ischemic stroke. No association between dietary protein intake and silent cerebral infarcts was found.
Predominance of Nonatherosclerotic Internal Elastic Lamina Calcification in the Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Vos Annelotte , Van Hecke Wim , Spliet Wim G.M. , Goldschmeding Roel , Isgum Ivana , Kockelkoren Remko , Bleys Ronald L.A.W. , Mali Willem P.T.M. , de Jong Pim A. , Vink Aryan 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
Calcification of the intracranial internal carotid artery (iICA) is an independent risk factor for stroke. These calcifications are generally seen as manifestation of atherosclerosis, but histological investigations are limited. The aim of this study is to determine whether calcifications in the iICA are present in atherosclerotic plaques, or in other parts of the arterial wall.

Methods—
Thirty-nine iICAs were histologically assessed, using digital microscopy to quantify the amount of calcification in the different layers of the arterial wall.

Results—
Calcifications were found in the intima, around the internal elastic lamina and in the medial layer of the arterial wall. In 71% of the arteries, internal elastic lamina calcification contributed most to the total calcified cross-sectional surface area. Internal elastic lamina calcification was unrelated to the occurrence of atherosclerotic intimal lesions. Intimal calcifications were most often associated with atherosclerotic lesions, but also many noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions were found.

Conclusions—
In the iICA, calcifications are predominantly present around the internal elastic lamina, suggesting that this nonatherosclerotic type of calcification contributes to the previously observed increased risk of stroke in patients with iICA calcifications.
Prediction of Early Reperfusion From Repeated Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Okazaki Shuhei , Griebe Martin , Gregori Johannes , Günther Matthias , Sauter-Servaes Johannes , Wolf Marc E. , Gass Achim , Hennerici Michael G. , Szabo Kristina , Kern Rolf 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
There are few in vivo data on the pathophysiology of reperfusion during systemic thrombolysis. We monitored the time course of cerebral perfusion changes in patients during thrombolysis with repeated arterial spin labeling perfusion magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods—
Ten patients with proximal arterial occlusion within 4.5 hours after symptom onset were prospectively enrolled. All patients received intravenous thrombolysis during the magnetic resonance imaging examination. Repeated arterial spin labeling perfusion images were acquired during the 60-minute therapy and at follow-up after 24 to 72 hours. Clinical data, magnetic resonance imaging features, and cerebral perfusion changes were analyzed.

Results—

Before thrombolysis, arterial spin labeling hypoperfusion and fluid-attenuation inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity in the territory of the occluded arteries were observed in all patients. In 5 patients, extensive arterial transit artifacts (ATA) developed in the hypoperfused area. The ATA corresponded with fluid-attenuation inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities. All 5 patients who developed extensive ATA in the hypoperfused area had complete reperfusion after thrombolysis, whereas the 5 without extensive ATA showed no or only partial reperfusion (
P
<0.01). The development of ATA preceded the normalization of tissue perfusion.

Conclusions—
The development of ATA during thrombolysis is associated with early reperfusion after thrombolysis. arterial spin labeling assessment during intravenous thrombolysis has the potential to guide subsequent therapeutic strategies in patients with acute stroke.
Observed Atmospheric Coupling between Barents Sea Ice and the Warm-Arctic Cold-Siberian Anomaly Pattern
Authors: Sorokina Svetlana A. , Li Camille , Wettstein Justin J. , Kvamstø Nils Gunnar 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The decline in Barents Sea ice has been implicated in forcing the “warm-Arctic cold-Siberian” (WACS) anomaly pattern via enhanced turbulent heat flux (THF). This study investigates interannual variability in winter [December–February (DJF)] Barents Sea THF and its relationship to Barents Sea ice and the large-scale atmospheric flow. ERA-Interim and observational data from 1979/80 to 2011/12 are used. The leading pattern (EOF1: 33%) of winter Barents Sea THF variability is relatively weakly correlated (r = 0.30) with Barents Sea ice and appears to be driven primarily by atmospheric variability. The sea ice–related THF variability manifests itself as EOF2 (20%, r = 0.60). THF EOF2 is robust over the entire winter season, but its link to the WACS pattern is not. However, the WACS pattern emerges consistently as the second EOF (20%) of Eurasian surface air temperature (SAT) variability in all winter months. When Eurasia is cold, there are indeed weak reductions in Barents Sea ice, but the associated THF anomalies are on average negative, which is inconsistent with the proposed direct atmospheric response to sea ice variability. Lead–lag correlation analyses on shorter time scales support this conclusion and indicate that atmospheric variability plays an important role in driving observed variability in Barents Sea THF and ice cover, as well as the WACS pattern.
Cloud Regime Variability over the Azores and Its Application to Climate Model Evaluation
Authors: Rémillard Jasmine , Tselioudis George 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
From its location on the subtropics–midlatitude boundary, the Azores is influenced by both the subtropical high pressure and the midlatitude baroclinic storm regimes and therefore experiences a wide range of cloud structures, from fair-weather scenes to stratocumulus sheets and deep convective systems. This work combines three types of datasets to study cloud variability in the Azores: a satellite analysis of cloud regimes, a reanalysis characterization of storminess, and a 19-month field campaign that occurred on Graciosa Island. Combined analysis of the three datasets provides a detailed picture of cloud variability and the respective dynamic influences, with emphasis on low clouds that constitute a major uncertainty source in climate model simulations. The satellite cloud regime analysis shows that the Azores cloud distribution is similar to the mean global distribution and can therefore be used to evaluate cloud simulation in global models. Regime analysis of low clouds shows that stratocumulus decks occur under the influence of the Azores high pressure system, while shallow cumulus clouds are sustained by cold-air outbreaks, as revealed by their preference for postfrontal environments and northwesterly flows. An evaluation of climate model cloud regimes from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) over the Azores shows that all models severely underpredict shallow cumulus clouds, while most models also underpredict the occurrence of stratocumulus cloud decks. It is demonstrated that the regime analysis can assist in the selection of case studies representing specific climatological cloud distributions. With all the tools now in place, a methodology is suggested to better understand cloud–dynamics interactions and attempt to explain and correct climate model cloud deficiencies.
A Track Pattern–Based Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity over the North Atlantic
Authors: Choi Woosuk , Ho Chang-Hoi , Kim Jinwon , Kim Hyeong-Seog , Feng Song , Kang KiRyong 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A seasonal prediction model of tropical cyclone (TC) activities for the period August–October over the North Atlantic (NA) has been developed on the basis of TC track patterns. Using the fuzzy c-means method, a total of 432 TCs in the period 1965–2012 are categorized into the following four groups: 1) TCs off the U.S. East Coast, 2) TCs over the Gulf of Mexico, 3) TCs that recurve into the open ocean of the central NA, and 4) TCs that move westward in the southern NA. The model is applied to predict the four TC groups separately in conjunction with global climate forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). By adding the distributions of the four TC tracks with precalculated weighting factors, this seasonal TC forecast model provides the spatial distribution of TC activities over the entire NA basin. Multiple forecasts initialized in six consecutive months from February to July are generated at monthly intervals to examine the applicability of this model in operational TC forecasting. Cross validations of individual forecasts show that the model can reasonably predict the observed TC frequencies over NA at the 99% confidence level. The model shows a stable spatial prediction skill, proving its advantage for forecasting regional TC activities several months in advance. In particular, the model can generate reliable information on regional TC counts in the near-coastal regions as well as in the entire NA basin.
Quantifying Streamflow Forecast Skill Elasticity to Initial Condition and Climate Prediction Skill
Authors: Wood Andrew W. , Hopson Tom , Newman Andy , Brekke Levi , Arnold Jeff , Clark Martyn 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Water resources management decisions commonly depend on monthly to seasonal streamflow forecasts, among other kinds of information. The skill of such predictions derives from the ability to estimate a watershed’s initial moisture and energy conditions and to forecast future weather and climate. These sources of predictability are investigated in an idealized (i.e., perfect model) experiment using calibrated hydrologic simulation models for 424 watersheds that span the continental United States. Prior work in this area also followed an ensemble-based strategy for attributing streamflow forecast uncertainty, but focused only on two end points representing zero and perfect information about future forcings and initial conditions. This study extends the prior approach to characterize the influence of varying levels of uncertainty in each area on streamflow prediction uncertainty. The sensitivities enable the calculation of flow forecast skill elasticities (i.e., derivatives) relative to skill in either predictability source, which are used to characterize the regional, seasonal, and predictand variations in flow forecast skill dependencies. The resulting analysis provides insights on the relative benefits of investments toward improving watershed monitoring (through modeling and measurement) versus improved climate forecasting. Among other key findings, the results suggest that climate forecast skill improvements can be amplified in streamflow prediction skill, which means that climate forecasts may have greater benefit for monthly-to-seasonal flow forecasting than is apparent from climate forecast skill considerations alone. The results also underscore the importance of advancing hydrologic modeling, expanding watershed observations, and leveraging data assimilation, all of which help capture initial hydrologic conditions that are often the dominant influence on hydrologic predictions.