bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relación entre los Factores Motivacionales, la Edad y el Sexo en las Personas Participantes de un Proyecto de Natación
Authors: Rodriguez Montero Alejandro , Morera Maria , Barrantes Brais Kristy , Ugalde Ramírez José Alexis 
Published: August 2014

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre factores motivacionales para la práctica de la natación, según sexo y edad en las personas participantes en un proyecto de natación. En el estudio participaron 107 sujetos (71%) del total de la población activa del proyecto, de los cuales 51 fueron hombres y 56 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 63 años, (36,27±10,67). La muestra fue distribuida en cuatro categorías de edad (18 a 29 años; 30 a 39 años; 40 a 49 años y 50 años en adelante) y por sexo. Para conocer los motivos que inducen a las personas a realizar ejercicio físico, se aplicó el cuestionario Autoinforme de Motivos para la Práctica de Ejercicios Físicos (AMPEF), adaptado por Capdevilla Niñerola y Pintanel (2004). Los resultados del análisis individual demostraron que los factores: salud y prevención positiva; bienestar y diversión; fuerza y resistencia muscular, son motivos importantes tanto en hombres como mujeres en todas las categorías por edad, con valores ≥ 7 (en una escala Likert de 1 a 10). No se encontró diferencias significativas en el puntaje total entre variables. Los datos registrados son consistentes con lo reportado en la literatura científica. Se concluye que los principales motivos de las personas para realizar actividad física son: salud, diversión, bienestar y mejoría de aspectos físicos, asimismo se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en los motivos relacionados con el desafío y la competencia, entre hombres y mujeres, resultados que también con coinciden con publicaciones previas.
Circulating Tumor Cells Count Predicts Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Romiti Adriana , Raffa Salvatore , Di Rocco Roberta , Roberto Michela , Milano Annalisa , Zullo Angelo , Leone Laura , Ranieri Danilo , Mazzetta Francesca , Medda Emanuela , Sarcina Ida , Barucca Viola , D’Antonio Chiara , Durante Valeria , Ferri Mario , Torrisi Maria Rosaria , Marchetti Paolo 
Published: August 2014

Background & Aims: Data on the potential of circulating tumor cells (CTC) count in predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer are timely and worthy of interest. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of CTC count in both localized and metastatic colorectal cancer patients.Methods: Consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of colorectal cancer were enrolled. CTC count was performed, by using a quantitative immunofluorescence method, at baseline (T0) and 1 month following start of chemotherapy (T1). A CTC count <2 was considered negative, whilst a CTC level ≥2 was positive. Overall survival was calculated accordingly.Results: A total of 75 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled, including 54 stages I-III and 21 stage IV patients. Overall, 21 (28%) patients had a positive CTC count at baseline, and it was significantly associated with a worse prognosis as compared to a negative status (OS: 36.2 vs. 61.6 months; P = 0.002). CTC count remained positive after chemotherapy in 22.4% of the patients and it was an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.03; Hazard Ratio: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.1-11.5).Conclusions: This study found that the presence of CTCs is associated with a reduced survival in colorectal cancer patients. Further studies aimed at testing such a predictive value in early stage colorectal cancer are awaited.
Electroabsorption studies of organic p-i-n solar cells: evaluating the built-in voltage
Authors: Siebert-Henze Ellen , Lyssenko Vadim G. , Brückner Robert , Riede Moritz , Leo Karl 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigate the built-in voltage in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells using electroabsorption spectroscopy based on the Stark effect, i.e. the variation of the absorption energies of a material caused by an electric field. Due to spectral contributions of permanent dipoles, a novel approach for evaluating the EA spectra is required. We use a fitting routine analyzing a broad spectral range instead of using only a single wavelength. A reliable quantitative determination of the built-in voltage is achieved.
Nanofiber-permeated, hybrid polymer/ceramic scaffolds for guided cell behavior
Authors: Nelson Clarke , Khan Yusuf , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe current gold-standard therapeutic strategies for bone grafts in the patient population are to use either allograft or autograft bone. Although these approaches have a long track record of utilization, neither is without risk to the patient, and there remains a desire in the field to improve treatment options. While there have been treatments approved by the FDA for full length growth factors and calcium salt-laden collagen sponges, these are not available for the entire population of potential bone graft patients. One viable strategy to focus on these concerns is to design an implantable bone graft substitute that can address all the negative drawbacks of autograft bone, allograft bone, and full length proteins. The work provides a preliminary investigation of synthetic, nanofiber-permeated, composite polymer/ceramic scaffold for bone repair using thermally induced phase separation, PLLA microspheres, and hydroxyapatite. The scaffolds as described have fiber diameters that mimic natural collagen ECM networks in bone as determined by scanning electron microscopy and will serve as the basis for future studies in substrate-guided bone tissue regeneration.
Band Alignment at Oxide Semiconductor Interfaces
Authors: Säuberlich F. , Klein A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTransparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are important contact materials in thin film solar cells. It is thus important to understand their basic interface properties as the band alignment. We present results on the determination of interfacial properties of TCOs using photoelectron spectroscopy. Large interface dipole potentials are generally observed at interfaces between conducting oxides ZnO, SnO2, In2O3and TiO2and chalcogenide semiconductors CdS, CdTe and Cu2S, leading to small conduction band discontinuities in the case of ZnO, SnO2and In2O3and to large conduction band discontinuities for TiO2. In addition to the band alignment the Fermi level position at the interface determines the contact properties of TCOs in thin film solar cells.
Ink-jetted Silver/Copper conductors for printed RFID applications
Authors: Volkman Steven K. , Pei Yunan , Redinger David , Yin Shong , Subramanian Vivek 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLow-resistance printed conductors are crucial for the development of ultra-low cost electronic systems such as radio frequency identification tags. Low resistance conductors are required to enable the fabrication of high-Q inductors, capacitors, tuned circuits, and interconnects. Furthermore, conductors of appropriate workfunction are also required to enable fabrication of printed Schottky diodes, necessary for rectification in RFID circuits. Last year, we demonstrated the formation of low-resistance conductive printed structures using gold nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, technologies for formation of printed conductors using silver and copper nanoparticles. These are particularly advantageous for several reasons. First, both silver and copper offer a 2X reduction in sheet resistance over gold, resulting in improved interconnect performance and inductor Q. Second, the material costs associated with both silver and copper are expected to be significantly cheaper than gold. Third, the workfunction of silver enables the fabrication of all-printed Schottky diodes with a silver rectifying contact to many common printable organic semiconductors.Solutions of organic-encapsulated silver and copper nanoparticles may be printed and subsequently annealed to form low-resistance conductor patterns. We describe novel processes for forming silver and copper nanoparticles, and discuss the optimization of the printing/annealing processes to demonstrate plastic-compatible low-resistance conductors. By optimizing both the size of the nanoparticle and the encapsulant sublimation kinetics, it is possible to produce particles that anneal at low-temperatures (<150 °C) to form continuous films having low resistivity and appropriate workfunction for formation of rectifying contacts. This represents a major component required for all- printed RFID.
Quality Improvement Project: Implementing Guidelines Supporting Noninvasive Respiratory Management for Premature Infants
Authors: Waskosky Aksana , Huey Tricia K. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:Based on research evidence, the purpose was to implement noninvasive approaches in the initial respiratory stabilization of preterm infants.Design:Quality improvement project.Sample:One hundred fourteen infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care nursery (NICN) from January 1, 2012 to May 31, 2012 served as a historical control group. Ninety-four infants admitted from January 1, 2013 to May 31, 2013 served as the intervention group.Results:After implementation of the quality improvement initiative, there was a statistically significant increase in the rate of using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by 65.3 percent for initial respiratory stabilization of preterm infants.
Extended Family Support for Parents Faced with Life-Support Decisions for Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Kavanaugh Karen , Nantais-Smith Leanne M. , Savage Teresa , Schim Stephanie Myers , Natarajan Girija 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: To outline parents’ descriptions of extended family involvement and support surrounding decision making for their extremely preterm infant.Design: Collective case study design in a prospective, descriptive, longitudinal research. Seventy-five digitally recorded interviews were done with parents before and after the birth.Sample: Fifty-four parents (40 mothers, 14 fathers).Main Outcome Variable: Categories of family involvement and support in the parents’ decision making.Results: Most parents did not seek advice from family members for life-support decisions made prenatally. Instead, parents made the decision as a couple with their physician without seeking family input. Family members provided certain types of support: emotional support, advice and information, prayer, and instrumental help such as child care. Most parents described at least one way their family supported them. For postnatal and end-of-life decisions, parents were more likely to seek advice from extended family in addition to the other forms of support.
Proposed Alternative Method for Calculating Emissions From Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
Authors: Sexton Andrew , Hinman Lee , McKaskle Ray , Fisher Kevin 
Published: August 2014

Summary
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule, published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at Title 40, Part 98 (40 CFR 98), as a tool to help policy makers assess potential actions to take regarding greenhouse gases (GHGs). subpart W, "Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems," of 40 CFR 98 prescribes GHG-emission-estimation methodologies and reporting requirements for the oil and gas industry. One area where significant issues remain to be resolved is the estimation of GHG emissions from the act of flowing back gas wells after recent hydraulic fracturing operations.
As an alternative to measuring the flowback volume of GHG emissions from a fractured well, EPA presented equations for sonic and subsonic flow, which appear to be derived from the ideal-gas law. Anecdotal evidence from member companies of multiple trade organizations indicated that these equations may overestimate flow rates by as much as 600%.
Noble Energy Incorporated (Noble), with the help of Trimeric Corporation (Trimeric), investigated and evaluated empirical methods to estimate GHG emissions from flowback operations that follow hydraulic fracturing. A number of earlier developed correlations for multiphase flow were considered before choosing the Gilbert-type correlation as a potentially applicable equation for this case. The goal of this analysis was to compare the accuracy of the ideal-gas-type equation in a multiphase-flow regime with a Gilbert-type predictive multiphase-flow correlation by use of site-specific and field-regressed coefficients.
Measured data for daily and total cumulative gas, water, and oil produced, choke size, and tubing pressure for several wells within a field are needed to develop field-regressed coefficients for the Gilbert-type equation. However, once they have been determined, singular daily average values of choke size, tubing pressure, and rate of produced liquid (oil and water) are all that is required to predict the total volume of produced-gas emissions for other flowback operations in the field.
The results of this study indicate that the Gilbert-type correlation with field-regressed coefficients predicts the overall volume of gas produced during a flowback operation more accurately than the single-phase flow EPA Eq. W-11B in 40 CFR 98.
Taking CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery to the Offshore Gulf of Mexico: A Screening-Level Assessment of the Technically and Economically Recoverable Resource
Authors: DiPietro Phil , Kuuskraa Vello , Malone Taylor 
Published: August 2014

Summary
This paper evaluates the recoverable crude-oil resource associated with applying carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to reservoirs in the offshore Gulf of Mexico (GOM). By use of data maintained by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), a database containing 531 oil fields with total oil originally in place (OOIP) of 69 billion bbl was used for the study. A total of 391 fields, representing 35% of the OOIP, were screened out at as not amenable to CO2 EOR because of size, residual oil saturation (ROS), and/or well spacing. For the remaining 140 oil fields (containing 696 reservoirs), the data elements required to model a CO2-EOR flood, such as sweep efficiency and heterogeneity, were derived by use of a variety of methods. Crude-oil production and CO2-demand profiles were produced from streamtube finite-difference simulations for each oil-bearing reservoir. The study assumes that groups of proximate fields will be served by an anchor CO2-supply pipeline (1 billion scf/yr of CO2) at a levelized transportation cost of USD 1.06/Mscf of CO2 (equivalently USD 20/t of CO2). The economic determinations are derived from a crude-oil price of USD 90/bbl, CO2 price of USD 1.59/Mscf (USD 30/t of CO2) at the capture facility plant gate, 18.75% royalty, and a 20% rate of return before taxes. BOEM projects that 182 billion bbl of OOIP remains undiscovered, 2.5 times the discovered resource. The BOEM database of discovered fields cuts off after 2008, and a portion of the undiscovered resource, 40 billion bbl of OOIP, has since been announced as discovered. Data from the analysis of discovered oil fields were used to estimate the expected CO2 EOR from the undiscovered oil fields. Under the current CO2-EOR technology scenario, the economically recoverable resources (ERR) are 0.8 billion bbl, a small fraction of the technically recoverable resource (TRR) of 23.5 billion bbl. The average efficiency of CO2 use in the ERR oil fields is estimated to be 7.2 Mscf/bbl and the associated demand for CO2 supply is 5.8 Tcf. Under a scenario with next-generation CO2-EOR performance, the ERR increases significantly to 14.9 billion bbl and 74 Tcf of CO2 demand, consistent with an improved use efficiency of 5.0 Mscf of CO2/bbl. Thirty-five percent of the total ERR estimate is from discovered fields, whereas the remaining 65% is from undiscovered fields.
The Fluoroscopic Technique for Monitoring Distraction of a Non-Invasive Lengthening Device in Early Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Thakar C. , Sonecha S. , Rolton D. , Nnadi C. 
Published: August 2014

Study Design:
Prospective non-randomised.

Objective:
To evaluate radiation exposure using fluoroscopy compared to x-rays in the monitoring of a growing rod system.

Background:
The integrity of implants in the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is usually monitored with repeated
plain x-rays. The cumulative dosage of ionizing radiation may be high. Children are highly sensitive to the carcinogenic
effects of radiation and have a longer life span in which to reflect this risk. Fluoroscopy is commonly used to obtain
focused images in other areas of orthopaedics. It has the advantage of less radiation intensity due to flash exposure. We
have used fluoroscopy to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive growing rod system in the treatment of EOS. We
report on the results.

Methods:
The technique was initially refined in vitro by performing an audit in which 10 radiographers screened a
phantom spine (Plastic dummy) with an implanted non - invasive growing rod device. Pulse rate setting was 3. Average
exposure time was 0.01 seconds. Average radiation dose was 0.04 μGym2. A plain x-ray of the same phantom spine
yielded a radiation dose of 0.5 μGym2.
Radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was compared to that received using plain radiographs in ten consecutive patients
treated for EOS. There were 8 males and 2 females. Average age 5.2 years.

Results:
Mean radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was 0.0046 mSv compared to an average radiation exposure of 0.115
mSv using standard x-rays (p<0.003). Mean cancer induction risk was calculated to potentially reduce from 1:225,000 to
1:4.9 million.

Conclusion:
We would recommend fluoroscopy as a useful technique to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive
growing rod system due to the significantly smaller radiation exposure.
Recognition and classification of Produce affected by identically looking Powdery Mildew disease
Authors: Pujari Jagadeesh D. , Yakkundimath Rajesh , Byadgi Abdulmunaf S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Plant diseases are visually observable patterns of a particular plant. Varieties of plant diseases, which are recognized by human beings, are identical or look similar in appearance. In this paper, we have considered recognition of fungal disease symptom like powdery mildew, looking similar in appearance affected on different produce. The powdery mildew symptom affected on produce like grape, mango, chili, wheat, beans and sunflower are considered for classification. Colour and texture features are extracted from image samples of produce affected by powdery mildew symptom. The extracted features are then used as inputs to knowledge-based and artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers and tests are performed to classify image samples. The colour analysis is done using Red, Green, Blue (RGB) and Hue, Saturation, Intensity (HSI) models. Texture analysis is done using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The overall average classification accuracy with colour, texture and combined features are 70.48 %, 70.07 % and 76.61 % respectively using the ANN classifier. The overall average classification accuracy has increased to 71.92 %, 80.60 % and 87.80 % with colour, texture and combined features respectively using the knowledge-based classifier.
Employees’ education as an element of the Human Resource Management – Polish experience
Authors: Sobocka-Szczapa Halina 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The importance of professional training cannot be overemphasized. In any organization, it is conducive to a better implementation of the tasks, and through it – increasing efficiency. For those directly involved – employees – lifelong learning is the premise of job retention. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research study – both quantitative and qualitative – describing ways in which employers may support employees’ educational activity.
Physical fitness in female soccer players by player position: a focus on anaerobic power
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between player position and physical fitness, with an emphasis on anaerobic power, in female soccer players.MethodsFor this purpose, 54 first league female soccer players were recruited. They included goalkeepers (<i>n</i> = 4, age 22.89 ± 4.37 years), defenders (<i>n</i> = 21, 21.92 ± 3.81 years), midfielders (<i>n</i> = 22, 21.71 ± 4.70 years) and attackers (<i>n</i> = 7, 20.43 ± 4.70 years). Participants’ anthropometric characteristics were measured and a physical fitness test battery was administered.Resultssignificant differences were observed in body fat percentage (F<sub>3,50</sub> = 3.06, <i>p</i> = 0.036, <i>&#951</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.16) with goalkeepers being fatter than defenders (mean difference 6.1%; 95% CI 0.3,11.9). Positional differences were also found in the sit-and-reach test (F<sub>3,50</sub> = 4.46, <i>p</i> = 0.007, <i>&#951</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.21), in which goalkeepers scored lower than defenders (-11.4 cm; 95% CI -21.4, -1.5) and midfielders (-10.0 cm; 95% CI -19.9, 0). Comparison of fat mass and endomorphy were statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.057 and <i>p</i> = 0.062, respectively), with goalkeepers showing the highest values; these differences were in the same direction as with body fat percentage. No positional differences were found in the other physical fitness components (aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and muscle strength).ConclusionsDifferences among player positions were observed in body composition (highest body fat percentage in goalkeepers) and flexibility (lowest score in goalkeepers). These trends are in agreement with previously published data concerning elite soccer players. These findings might be used as reference data by coaches and trainers to identify talent, select players, and monitor training.
The anthropometric characteristics of futsal players compared with professional soccer players
Authors: Burdukiewicz Anna , Pietraszewska Jadwiga , Stachoń Aleksandra , Chromik Krystyna , Goliński Dawid 
Published: August 2014

PurposeThe aim of the study was to compare the morphological characteristics of experienced futsal players with professional soccer players.MethodsThe research sample included 22 university futsal players and 22 professional soccer players. Parameters including body height and mass, skinfold thicknesses of the trunk and extremities, lower limb length, trunk width, humerus and femur bone breadths, and the circumferences of the chest, hips, thighs, and calves were used to calculate various somatic indices. Somatotyping was performed using the Heath–Carter method. Differences in the characteristics between the futsal and soccer players were analyzed using Student’s t test. Intragroup analysis was also performed on futsal players depending on player position and compared with the arithmetic means and standard deviations of all variables of the entire sample.ResultsCompared with their soccer-playing peers, the futsal players were shorter, weighed less, had shorter lower limbs, narrower hips, and smaller hip circumference and bone breadth values. In contrast, higher levels of body fat and endomorphy were noted in this group. The proportion of mesomorphs and ectomorphs were similar in both groups. Futsal goalkeepers were differentiated by greater subcutaneous adiposity and body mass. Defenders had the slimmest body shape, with relatively narrower shoulders and hips, smaller bone breadths, and lower levels of adiposity. The body build of wingers was slightly larger. Pivoters were characterized by greater body height and larger values for the characteristics measuring the lateral trunk dimensions.ConclusionsThe observed morphological differences between futsal and soccer players were mainly in body height and height-associated characteristics. This indicates that no specialized approach in futsal recruitment is currently used. This points to the need to develop a specialized approach in the player recruitment stage, as the tactical and technical constructs of futsal set the game apart from other indoor soccer games, finding that futsal players share a number of morphological similarities with handball players.