bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetone–butanol–ethanol production with high productivity using Clostridium acetobutylicum BKM19
Authors: Jang Yu‐Sin , Malaviya Alok , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConventional acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is severely limited by low solvent titer and productivities. Thus, this study aims at developing an improved Clostridium acetobutylicum strain possessing enhanced ABE production capability followed by process optimization for high ABE productivity. Random mutagenesis of C. acetobutylicum PJC4BK was performed by screening cells on fluoroacetate plates to isolate a mutant strain, BKM19, which exhibited the total solvent production capability 30.5% higher than the parent strain. The BKM19 produced 32.5 g L−1 of ABE (17.6 g L−1 butanol, 10.5 g L−1 ethanol, and 4.4 g L−1 acetone) from 85.2 g L−1 glucose in batch fermentation. A high cell density continuous ABE fermentation of the BKM19 in membrane cell‐recycle bioreactor was studied and optimized for improved solvent volumetric productivity. Different dilution rates were examined to find the optimal condition giving highest butanol and ABE productivities. The maximum butanol and ABE productivities of 9.6 and 20.0 g L−1 h−1, respectively, could be achieved at the dilution rate of 0.85 h−1. Further cell recycling experiments were carried out with controlled cell‐bleeding at two different bleeding rates. The maximum solvent productivities were obtained when the fermenter was operated at a dilution rate of 0.86 h−1 with the bleeding rate of 0.04 h−1. Under the optimal operational condition, butanol and ABE could be produced with the volumetric productivities of 10.7 and 21.1 g L−1 h−1, and the yields of 0.17 and 0.34 g g−1, respectively. The obtained butanol and ABE volumetric productivities are the highest reported productivities obtained from all known‐processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1646–1653. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quantitative analysis of microalgal lipids for optimization of biodiesel and omega‐3 production
Authors: Olmstead Ian L.D. , Hill David R.A. , Dias Daniel A. , Jayasinghe Nirupama S. , Callahan Damien L. , Kentish Sandra E. , Scales Peter J. , Martin Gregory J.O. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe lipid characteristics of microalgae are known to differ between species and change with growth conditions. This work provides a methodology for lipid characterization that enables selection of the optimal strain, cultivation conditions, and processing pathway for commercial biodiesel production from microalgae. Two different microalgal species, Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp., were cultivated under both nitrogen replete and nitrogen depleted conditions. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into three major classes and quantified gravimetrically. The fatty acid profile of each fraction was analyzed using GC–MS. The resulting quantitative lipid data for each of the cultures is discussed in the context of biodiesel and omega‐3 production. This approach illustrates how the growth conditions greatly affect the distribution of fatty acid present in the major lipid classes and therefore the suitability of the lipid extracts for biodiesel and other secondary products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2096–2104. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein crystallization in stirred systems—scale‐up via the maximum local energy dissipation
Authors: Smejkal Benjamin , Helk Bernhard , Rondeau Jean‐Michel , Anton Sabine , Wilke Angelika , Scheyerer Peter , Fries Jacqueline , Hekmat Dariusch , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMacromolecular bioproducts like therapeutic proteins have usually been crystallized with µL‐scale vapor diffusion experiments for structure determination by X‐ray diffraction. Little systematic know‐how exists for technical‐scale protein crystallization in stirred vessels. In this study, the Fab‐fragment of the therapeutic antibody Canakinumab was successfully crystallized in a stirred‐tank reactor on a 6 mL‐scale. A four times faster onset of crystallization of the Fab‐fragment was observed compared to the non‐agitated 10 µL‐scale. Further studies on a liter‐scale with lysozyme confirmed this effect. A 10 times faster onset of crystallization was observed in this case at an optimum stirrer speed. Commonly suggested scale‐up criteria (i.e., minimum stirrer speed to keep the protein crystals in suspension or constant impeller tip speed) were shown not to be successful. Therefore, the criterion of constant maximum local energy dissipation was applied for scale‐up of the stirred crystallization process for the first time. The maximum local energy dissipation was estimated by measuring the drop size distribution of an oil/surfactant/water emulsion in stirred‐tank reactors on a 6 mL‐, 100 mL‐, and 1 L‐scale. A comparable crystallization behavior was achieved in all stirred‐tank reactors when the maximum local energy dissipation was kept constant for scale‐up. A maximum local energy dissipation of 2.2 W kg−1 was identified to be the optimum for lysozyme crystallization at all scales under study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1956–1963. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knockout of pgdS and ggt genes improves γ‐PGA yield in B. subtilis
Authors: Scoffone Viola , Dondi Daniele , Biino Ginevra , Borghese Giovanni , Pasini Dario , Galizzi Alessandro , Calvio Cinzia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOne of the emerging biopolymers that are currently under active investigation is bacterial poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA). However, before its full industrial exploitation, a substantial increase in microbial productivity is required. γ‐PGA obtained from the Bacillus subtilis laboratory strain 168 offers the advantage of a producer characterized by a well defined genetic framework and simple manipulation techniques. In this strain, the knockout of genes for the major γ‐PGA degrading enzymes, pgdS and ggt, leads to a considerable improvement in polymer yield, which attains levels analogous to the top wild γ‐PGA producer strains. This study highlights the convenience of using the laboratory strain of B. subtilis over wild isolates in designing strain improvement strategies aimed at increasing γ‐PGA productivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2006–2012. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying analytics for high throughput bioprocess development studies
Authors: Konstantinidis Spyridon , Kong Simyee , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years, high throughput screening (HTS) studies have been increasingly employed as an integral element of bioprocess development activities. These studies are often limited by an analytical bottleneck; they generate multiple samples for analysis and the available analytical methods cannot always cope with the added analytical burden. A potential solution to this challenge is offered by the deployment of appropriate analytics. This article outlines features of analytical methods that affect their fit to high throughput (HT) applications. These are discussed for a range of analytics frequently used in bioprocess development studies of monoclonal antibodies. It then outlines how these features need to be considered in order to classify analytical methods in terms of their particular application in high throughput scenarios. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1924–1935. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is Serum Uric Acid Level an Independent Predictor of Heart Failure Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Eisen Alon , Benderly Michal , Goldbourt Uri , Haim Moti 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:Uric acid (UA) is elevated in patients with the metabolic syndrome, and there is a possible association with coronary events. Its association with future risk of heart failure (HF) is not clear. Our objective was to evaluate the association between levels of UA and risk of HF in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).Hypothesis:Serum UA is associated with HF in CAD patients.Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis among 2939 participants of the bezafibrate infarction prevention study, assessing long‐term risk of HF incidence over an 8‐year of follow‐up in relation to baseline UA.Results:Among patients with high levels of UA, there was a larger proportion of men, systolic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, elevated total cholesterol, chronic renal failure, and previous coronary revascularization procedures. The rate of myocardial infarction during the follow‐up was 10.9%, 10.3%, and 11.6% in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles of UA, respectively (P = 0.68). Age‐adjusted hazard ratios for HF were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.45) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.04–1.59) in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles, respectively, as compared to the 1st tertile. After adjusting for multiple confounders and myocardial infarction, the hazard ratio for developing HF was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.95–1.47) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.00–1.56) in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of UA levels, respectively.Conclusions:UA levels are associated with future risk of HF in patients with stable CAD, but this association is attenuated after adjusting for traditional CAD risk factors.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Partial depletion of gamma‐actin suppresses microtubule dynamics
Authors: Po'uha Sela T. , Honore Stephane , Braguer Diane , Kavallaris Maria 
Published: January 2013

AbstractActin and microtubule interactions are important for many cellular events, however these interactions are poorly described. Alterations in γ‐actin are associated with diseases such as hearing loss and cancer. Functional investigations demonstrated that partial depletion of γ‐actin affects cell polarity and induces resistance to microtubule‐targeted agents. To determine whether γ‐actin alterations directly affect microtubule dynamics, microtubule dynamic instability was analyzed in living cells following partial siRNA depletion of γ‐actin. Partial depletion of γ‐actin suppresses interphase microtubule dynamics by 17.5% due to a decrease in microtubule shortening rates and an increase in microtubule attenuation. γ‐Actin partial depletion also increased distance‐based microtubule catastrophe and rescue frequencies. In addition, knockdown of γ‐actin delayed mitotic progression, partially blocking metaphase–anaphase transition and inhibiting cell proliferation. Interestingly, in the presence of paclitaxel, interphase microtubule dynamics were further suppressed by 24.4% in the γ‐actin knockdown cells, which is comparable to 28.8% suppression observed in the control siRNA treated cells. Paclitaxel blocked metaphase–anaphase transition in both the γ‐actin knockdown cells and the control siRNA cells. However, the extent of mitotic arrest was much higher in the control cells (28.4%), compared to the γ‐actin depleted cells (8.5%). Therefore, suppression of microtubule dynamics by partial depletion of γ‐actin is associated with marked delays in metaphase‐anaphase transition and not mitotic arrest. This is the first demonstration that γ‐actin can modulate microtubule dynamics by reducing the microtubule shortening rate, promoting paused/attenuated microtubules, and increasing transition frequencies suggesting a mechanistic link between γ‐actin and microtubules. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Highly Sensitive Platinum‐Black Coated Platinum Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitrite in Microchannel
Authors: Li Yun , Sella Catherine , Lemaître Fredéric , Guille Collignon Manon , Thouin Laurent , Amatore Christian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite, as important representatives of cytotoxic reactive oxygen/nitrogen (ROS, RNS) species released during cellular oxidative bursts, is reported in microfluidic devices. Platinum‐black coated platinum (Pt/Pt‐black) electrodes were microfabricated and optimized to achieve optimal detection performances. In parallel, oxidation mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite at these microelectrodes were investigated and electrode responses were compared to theoretical predictions based on convective mass transport at microchannel electrodes. In both cases, the active surface area of Pt/Pt‐black electrodes allowed to avoid inhibition effect leading to long term stability in contrast to bare Pt electrodes. Such highly sensitive Pt/Pt‐black electrodes allowed almost five decades of concentration range and detection limits down to 10 nM, a range suitable for detection of ROS and RNS released by a few cells.
Landform‐oriented flow‐routing algorithm for the dual‐structure loess terrain based on digital elevation models
Authors: Xiong Liyang , Tang Guoan , Yan Shijiang , Zhu Shijie , Sun Yiying 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe loess landform in the Loess Plateau of China is with typical dual structure, namely, the upper smooth positive terrain and the lower cliffy negative terrain (P–N terrain for short). Obvious differences in their morphological feature, geomorphological mechanism, and hydrological process could be found in the both areas. Based on the differences, a flow‐routing algorithm that separately addresses the dual‐structure terrain would be necessary to encompass this spatial variation in their hydrological behaviour. This paper proposes a mixed flow‐routing algorithm to address aforementioned problems. First, the loess landform surface is divided into P–N terrains based on digital elevation models. Then, specific catchment area is calculated with the new algorithm to simulate the water flows in both positive and negative terrain areas. The mixed algorithm consists of the multiple flow‐routing algorithm (multiple‐flow direction) for positive areas and the D8 algorithm for negative areas, respectively. The approach is validated in two typical geomorphologic areas with low hills and dense gullies in the northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau. Four indices are used to examine the results, which show that the new algorithm is more suitable for loess terrain in simulating the spatial distribution of water accumulation, as well as in modeling the flow characteristics of the true surface by considering the morphological structures of the terrain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐acetylcysteine increases susceptibility of HeLa cells to bacterial invasion
Authors: Bozhokina Ekaterina , Vakhromova Ekaterina , Gamaley Irina , Khaitlina Sofia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSerratia grimesii are non‐pathogenic bacteria capable, however, to invade eukaryotic cells provided that they synthesize intracellular metalloprotease grimelysin (Bozhokina et al. [2011] Cell. Biol. Int. 35: 111–118). To elucidate how invasion of grimelysin containing bacteria depends on physiological state of host cells, we studied the effect of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) on susceptibility of HeLa cells to invasion by the wild‐type S. grimesii and recombinant E. coli expressing grimelysin gene. Incubation of HeLa cells with 10 mM NAC resulted in changes of cell morphology and disassembly of actin cytoskeleton that were reversed when NAC was removed from the culture medium. Both in the presence of NAC and upon its removal, the entry of grimelysin producing bacteria increased by a factor of 1.5–2 and 3–3.5 for wild‐type S. grimesii and recombinant E. coli, respectively. This effect does not correlate with cytoskeleton rearrangements but may be due to the NAC‐induced up‐regulation of cell surface receptors playing a role in cell adhesion and cell–cell junctions. A twofold difference in the efficiency of S. grimesii and recombinant E. coli to enter the NAC‐treated cells suggests that the entry of the wild‐type and recombinant bacteria occurs via different receptors which activity is differently affected by NAC. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1568–1574, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of microRNA‐122 enhances in vitro hepatic differentiation of fetal liver‐derived stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Doddapaneni Ravi , Chawla Yogesh K. , Das Ashim , Kalra Jasvinder Kaur , Ghosh Sujata , Chakraborti Anuradha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a versatile class of tiny non‐coding RNAs involved in regulation of various biological processes. miRNA‐122 (miR‐122) is specifically and abundantly expressed in human liver. However, the role of miR‐122 in differentiation of fetal liver stem/progenitor cells into hepatocytes remains unclear. In this study, dual positive CD34+/CD117+ expressing human fetal liver stem/progenitor cells was enriched by magnetic cell sorting and cultured in vitro. The level of miR‐122 was found to be increased at specific time intervals. Interestingly, during the differentiation process of hepatocyte‐like cells, the increase in expression of miR‐122 was positively correlated with expression of hepatocyte‐specific genes. The status of differentiation process was improved by transfection of miR‐122 into enriched stem/progenitor cells. The expression level of hepatic‐specific genes as well as liver‐enriched transcription factors (LETFs) was significantly increased by overexpression of miR‐122 in fetal liver stem/progenitor cells. Thus, the study delineated the role of hepato‐specific miR‐122 in differentiation of fetal liver stem/progenitor cells into hepatocyte‐like cells which could be used as a therapeutic target molecule to generate abundant hepatocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1575–1583, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Disulfoton in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions: Parameter and Reaction Pathway Investigations
Authors: Chen Ming‐Hung , Chen Chiing‐Chang , Wu Ren‐Jang , Lu Chung‐Shin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorus insecticide disulfoton is investigated by having titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst. About 99% of disulfoton is degraded after UV irradiation for 90 min. The effects of the solution pH, catalyst dosage, light intensity, and inorganic ions on the photocatalytic degradation of disulfoton are also investigated, as well as the reaction intermediates which are formed during the treatment. Eight intermediates have been identified and characterized through a mass spectra analysis, giving insight into the early steps of the degradation process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the degradation pathways of disulfoton. The results suggest that possible transformation pathways may involve in either direct electron or hole transfer to the organic substrate. The photodegradation of disulfoton by UV/TiO2 exhibits pseudo‐first‐order reaction kinetics and a reaction quantum yield of 0.267. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic degradation of disulfoton is 85 kWh/(m3 order).
Reproducibility of fetal renal pelvis volume assessed by three‐dimensional ultrasonography with two different measurement techniques
Authors: Duin L.K. , Willekes C. , Vossen M. , Offermans J. , Nijhuis J.G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate reproducibility of fetal renal pelvis volume as assessed by the Virtual Organ Computer Aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) imaging program and by Automatic Volume Calculation (SonoAVC). In addition, the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of fetal renal pelvis volume measurements with SonoAVC were established.Methods:In this study, the fetal renal pelvis volume was measured using 3D ultrasonography in 76 kidneys of 66 fetuses with renal pelvis dilatation in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. After volume acquisition by one observer, the reproducibility of volume calculation was assessed using VOCAL imaging program and SonoAVC by two observers. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV) and repeatability coefficient (r). Bland‐Altman plots were generated to explore agreement.Results:A high degree of reproducibility was observed between VOCAL and SonoAVC, ICC of 0.989; 95% CI 0.983–0.993, respectively.Intraobserver reproducibility of volume measurements performed by SonoAVC demonstrated a high degree of reliability with ICC of 0.995 (95% CI 0.993–0.997), CV 6.05% and r of 0.75.The interobserver reproducibility with ICC of 0.995 (95% CI 0.992–0.997), CV 10.14% and r 1.21 was also indicative of good reliability.Conclusion:Volume measurements of fetal renal pelvis performed by SonoAVC renders reproducible measurements in comparison with the VOCAL imaging program. There is no significant difference between VOCAL imaging program and SonoAVC. The intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the fetal renal pelvis measurements made by SonoAVC were considered to be very good. SonoAVC, however, needs post processing in the majority of cases but is less time consuming than VOCAL. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Cementation of a dual‐mobility acetabular component into a well‐fixed metal shell during revision total hip arthroplasty: A biomechanical validation
Authors: Wegrzyn Julien , Thoreson Andrew R. , Guyen Olivier , Lewallen David G. , An Kai‐Nan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCementation of polyethylene (PE) liners into well‐fixed metal shells has become a popular option during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) particularly for older and frail patients. Although dramatic results were reported with dual‐mobility acetabular components to manage hip instability during revision THA, no study evaluated the fixation strength of the cementation of dual‐mobility components into well‐fixed metal shells. Eight dual‐mobility and eight all‐PE components were cemented into a metal shell with a uniform 2‐ to 3‐mm cement mantle. The cemented fixation strength was evaluated using lever‐out and torsion testing. The interface at which failure occurred was determined. Lever‐out testing showed that dual‐mobility components failed at significantly higher maximum moment than the all‐PE components. No direct comparison could be performed with torsion testing due to early failure of the all‐PE component itself before failure of the cement fixation. However, the maximum moments measured were dramatically higher than the in vivo frictional moments classically reported in THA. In addition, failure was always observed at the metal shell/cement interface whenever it did occur. In conclusion, a dual‐mobility acetabular component cemented into a well‐fixed metal shell could constitute a biomechanically acceptable alternative to acetabular shell removal or PE liner cementation while simultaneously preventing instability of the THA revision. Clinical studies are warranted. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 991–997, 2013
Systematic Investigation of a Novel Low‐Bandgap Terpolymer Library via Inkjet Printing: Influence of Ink Properties and Processing Conditions
Authors: Teichler Anke , Perelaer Jolke , Kretschmer Florian , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe thin‐film properties of a polymer library consisting of novel conjugated low‐bandgap poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐co‐benzothiadiazole‐co‐fluorene) (poly(DPP‐co‐BTD‐co‐F)) polymers are investigated. The content of the monomer units in the copolymers is systematically varied. Structure–property relationships are obtained for the ink characteristics, the film formation qualities, and their optical properties. Toluene/o‐DCB in a ratio 90/10 and a concentration of 5 mg mL−1 is found to be a suitable solvent system for all polymers. The polymer compositions and the choice of solvent have a significant influence on the film properties. Inkjet printing is shown to be a suitable technique for the preparation of thin‐film libraries that subsequently can be characterized by combinatorial screening tools.