bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of weak magnetic fields in Herbig Ae stars: the case of PDS 2
Authors: Hubrig S. , Carroll T. A. , Schöller M. , Ilyin I. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Models of magnetically driven accretion and outflows reproduce many observational properties of T Tauri stars, but the picture is much less clear for the Herbig Ae/Be stars, due to the poor knowledge of their magnetic field strength and topology. The Herbig Ae star PDS 2 was previously included in two magnetic studies based on low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations. Only in one of these studies the presence of a weak mean longitudinal magnetic field was reported. In the present study, for the first time, high-resolution high accuracy radial velocity planet searcher (HARPS) spectropolarimetric observations of PDS 2 are used to investigate the presence of a magnetic field. A firm detection of a weak longitudinal magnetic field is achieved using the multiline singular value decomposition method for Stokes profile reconstruction (〈Bz〉 = 33 ± 5 G). To gain better knowledge of typical magnetic field strengths in late Herbig Be and Herbig Ae stars, we compiled previous magnetic field measurements, revealing that only very few stars have fields stronger than 200 G, and half of the sample possesses fields of about 100 G and less. These results challenge our current understanding of the magnetospheric accretion in intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars as they indicate that the magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars are by far weaker than those measured in T Tauri stars.
Near-infrared spectroscopy of M dwarfs. II. H2O molecule as an abundance indicator of oxygen
Authors: Tsuji Takashi , Nakajima Tadashi , Takeda Yoichi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBased on the near-infrared spectra (R ≈ 20000) of M dwarfs, oxygen abundances are determined from the rovibrational lines of H2O. Although H2O lines in M dwarfs are badly blended with each other and the continuum levels are depressed appreciably by the collective effect of the numerous H2O lines themselves, quantitative analysis of H2O lines has been carried out by referring to the pseudo-continua, consistently defined on the observed and theoretical spectra. For this purpose, the pseudo-continuum on the theoretical spectrum has been evaluated accurately by the use of the recent high-precision H2O line-list. Then, we propose a simple and flexible method of analyzing the equivalent widths (EWs) of blended features (i.e., not necessarily limited to single lines) by the use of a mini–curve-of-growth (CG), which is a small portion of the usual CG around the observed EW. The mini-CG is generated by using the theoretical EWs evaluated from the synthetic spectrum in exactly the same way as the EWs are measured from the observed spectrum. The observed EW is converted to the abundance by the use of the mini-CG, and the process is repeated for all the observed EWs line-by-line or blend-by-blend. In cool M dwarfs, almost all the oxygen atoms left after CO formation are in stable H2O molecules, which suffer little change for the uncertainties due to imperfect modelling of the photospheres. Thus the numerous H2O lines are excellent abundance indicators of oxygen. The oxygen abundances are determined to be log AO (AO = NO/NH) between −3.5 and −3.0 in 38 M dwarfs, but cannot be determined in four early M dwarfs in which H2O lines are detected only marginally. The resulting log AO/AC values plotted against log AC appear to be systematically smaller in the carbon-rich M dwarfs, showing the different formation histories of oxygen and carbon in the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk. Also, AO/AFe ratios in most M dwarfs are closer to the solar AO/AFe ratio, based on the classical high oxygen abundance rather than on the recently downward-revised low value.
International Liquidity and Exchange Rate Dynamics
*
Authors: Gabaix Xavier , Maggiori Matteo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We provide a theory of the determination of exchange rates based on capital flows in imperfect financial markets. Capital flows drive exchange rates by altering the balance sheets of financiers that bear the risks resulting from international imbalances in the demand for financial assets. Such alterations to their balance sheets cause financiers to change their required compensation for holding currency risk, thus affecting both the level and volatility of exchange rates. Our theory of exchange rate determination in imperfect financial markets not only helps rationalize the empirical disconnect between exchange rates and traditional macroeconomic fundamentals, it also has real consequences for output and risk sharing. Exchange rates are sensitive to imbalances in financial markets and seldom perform the shock absorption role that is central to traditional theoretical macroeconomic analysis. Our framework is flexible; it accommodates a number of important modeling features within an imperfect financial market model, such as nontradables, production, money, sticky prices or wages, various forms of international pricing-to-market, and unemployment.
White Blood Cell Count and C-Reactive Protein Variations After Posterior Surgery With Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Sugita Shurei , Hozumi Takahiro , Yamakawa Kiyofumi , Goto Takahiro , Kondo Taiji 
Published: March 2015

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility of blood test parameters [white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP)] for predicting and diagnosing postoperative infection after posterior surgery with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for spinal metastasis.

Summary of Background Data:
Posterior surgery with IORT is effective for treating spinal metastasis, as we previously reported. However, the procedure requires that the patient be transferred from the operating room to the irradiation room. In addition, the patient’s general status is often poor, and the risk of postoperative infection is high.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 279 patients who underwent IORT for the treatment of spinal metastasis between August 2004 and June 2013 were included in this study. The WBC count (/103 μL) and CRP level (mg/dL) were recorded in all patients preoperatively and on alternative days for up to 7 days after surgery. We assessed the development of surgical-site infection (SSI) for up to 1 month after surgery.

Results:
SSI occurred in 41 patients (14.7%). The preoperative WBC count and CRP level did not differ between the infected and noninfected patients. The WBC counts on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 7 and the CRP levels on POD 7 were significantly higher in the infected patients (8.8 vs. 10.0, P=0.04; 6.1 vs. 8.8, P=0.002; 3.89 vs. 9.50, P<0.001). A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis of the WBC count and CRP level for detecting SSI showed cutoff values of 9.6 (WBC count, POD 1), 6.5 (WBC count, POD 7), and 5.0 (CRP level, POD 7).

Conclusions:
A high WBC count and CRP level on POD 7 may be used to predict or detect SSI. In particular, a CRP level of 5.0 mg/dL on POD 7 strongly suggests the future development of SSI (sensitivity: 78%, specificity: 74%).
Well‐Defined and Reliable Clinical Outcome Assessments for Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Sun Haihao , Papadopoulos Elektra J. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Griebel Donna , Lee Jessica J. , Tomaino Juli , Mulberg Andrew E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to identify areas for further development of clinical outcome assessment (COA) in pediatric Crohn disease (CD).Methods:The study analyzed the measurement properties of all existing COA tools for pediatric CD in literature and published registration trials of approved drugs for pediatric CD based on criteria described in Food and Drug Administration guidance for patient‐reported outcome (PRO) development.Results:The Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) and its derivatives (abbreviated, short, modified, and weighted PCDAIs) were reviewed. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Harvey‐Bradshaw index (HBI), designed for adult patients, have been adapted for use in a few pediatric CD studies. The use of PCDAI as an endpoint in Remicade and Humira trials led to the Food and Drug Administration–approved indication in pediatric CD. Common issues in measurement properties of COA tools included the absence of direct patient or caregivers' input to generate the items measuring signs and symptoms; absence of evidence demonstrating correlation with clinically relevant inflammation observed with endoscopic measures; lack of standardization in measurement, age‐appropriate interviewer script, and response rating criteria for the physician interviewer.Conclusions:Available evidence indicates that CDAI, HBI, and 5 versions of the PCDAI lack adequate measurement properties for use as a primary endpoint for phase 3 trials intended to support approval of products intended to treat pediatric CD. In order to facilitate pediatric drug development, a well‐defined, reliable, sensitive, and globally recognized PRO that measures signs and symptoms in children with CD and that can be used in conjunction with endoscopy‐based endpoints and/or biomarkers is sorely needed.
First report of neonatal sepsis due to Moesziomyces bullatus in a preterm low‐birth‐weight infant
Authors: Okolo Ojogba Mark , Van Diepeningen Anne D. , Toma Bose , Nnadi Nnaemeka Emmanuel , Ayanbimpe Mebi Grace , Onyedibe Ikenna Kenneth , Sabitu Mohammed Zaino , Banwat Benle Edmund , Groenewald Marizeth , Scordino Fabio , Egah Zanyul Daniel , Criseo Giuseppe , Romeo Orazio 
Published: March 2015

Introduction:

Moesziomyces spp. are connected with poaceous plants (Grass family), and Moesziomyces bullatus is commonly associated with smut in pearl millet. Currently, the scientific knowledge of this pathogen is limited to only a few taxonomic studies and there are no clinical reports that describe the isolation of M. bullatus from humans.

Case presentation:
A female neonate born prematurely at 32 weeks of gestation was referred to the University Teaching Hospital in Jos, Nigeria, with a provisional diagnosis of preterm low birth weight at risk for sepsis. The birth weight of the newborn was 2000 g and her body temperature on admission was 34.3 °C. Blood cultures revealed the presence of a fungal isolate that was identified as M. bullatus by molecular methods. This fungus showed high MIC values for anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin, as well as fluconazole and 5‐flucytosine, and exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility to itraconazole, amphotericin B, posaconazole and voriconazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a human M. bullatus bloodstream infection.

Conclusion:
Here, we report the first case of an unusual human infection caused by the fungal plant pathogen M. bullatus and highlight a high level of resistance to classical and modern antifungal drugs.
Fatal infections caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clonal complex 398: case presentations and molecular epidemiology
Authors: Berning Christiane , Lanckohr Christian , Baumgartner Helmut , Drescher Mike , Becker Karsten , Peters Georg , Köck Robin , Kahl Barbara C. 
Published: March 2015

Introduction:
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of clonal complex (CC) 398 has emerged in livestock across Europe over the past 10 years.

Case presentation:
Case 1 was a patient with a history of destructive chronic polyarthritis and immunosuppressive therapy who presented with dyspnoea and pain in the shoulders, back and hips. Microbiological analysis of tissue samples, punctures and blood cultures revealed MRSA. Echocardiography showed mitral valve endocarditis. The patient was treated with daptomycin and fosfomycin. Case 2 was a patient presenting with pneumonia after lung transplantation. Respiratory specimens and perianal swabs revealed MRSA. The patient was treated with teicoplanin and linezolid. The patients did not recover from their infections and died. The isolates belonged to spa types t2576 (case 1) and t011 (case 2), to sequence type 398 within CC398 as determined by multilocus sequence typing and to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type 5. An IdentiBAC Microarray revealed the absence of a bacteriophage integrating into the hlb gene indicative of the livestock origin of the isolates. In 2013, 170 of 534 MRSA cases (31.8 %) among inpatients of the University Hospital Münster, Germany, were caused by closely related spa types clustering in one spa‐CC indicative of CC398. Two of 12 MRSA isolates from blood cultures (16.7 %) were caused by isolates associated with MRSA CC398.

Conclusion:
Livestock‐associated MRSA CC398 is emerging as a cause of human infections. This observation is alarming and should inspire future efforts to control MRSA in livestock, forestall community spread and monitor changes of the occurrence of MRSA CC398 among cases of human infections.
Retrocalcaneal septic bursitis as a complication of a delayed‐healing heel wound
Authors: Gomez Eric , Stuart David , Chernev Ivan 
Published: March 2015

Introduction:
Bursitis may arise from non‐infectious and infectious aetiologies. Clinically, distinguishing one from the other can be challenging. Aseptic retrocalcaneal bursitis is a common disorder among athletes and physically active people. In contrast, infectious (septic) bursitis, although a common diagnosis in the olecranon and prepatellar bursa, has rarely been reported in the retrocalcaneal bursa.

Case presentation:
Here, we present an unusual case of retrocalcaneal septic bursitis as a complication of a delayed‐healing heel wound in a patient with underlying calcific insertional Achilles tendinopathy and aseptic retrocalcaneal bursitis.

Conclusion:
Physicians should be aware of this clinical entity as a possible complication of a heel wound and initiate appropriate management if an infectious process is suspected.
Positive transformational leadership: case study of an Indian public sector bank
Authors: Bhandarker Asha , Rai Snigdha 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the leadership style of Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) and perceived organizational climate of an Indian public sector bank.Design/methodology/approach– For the present study data were collected using mixed-method approach including both semi-structured interview and inventories. Sample included the top, middle, and senior-middle level officials of the bank.Findings– Data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Findings indicated that: the perceived leadership style of CMD is a combination of transformational leadership and positive leadership; there is a positive organizational climate prevalent in the bank; and positive transformational leadership style of CMD has played a considerable role in the development of positive organizational climate in the bank.Originality/value– Present study provides valuable insights regarding contemporary leadership style in an Indian organization which is the combination of both positive and transformational leadership style and its contribution to building positive organizational climate.
How to go green: unraveling green preferences of consumers
Authors: Sony Alisa , Ferguson David , Beise-Zee Rian 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Although a company can manifest its corporate social responsibility (CSR) effort through various strategies, the challenge this presents is that not all CSR activities have identical attributes with respect to the consumers’ perception. The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficacy of four CSR initiatives – regulatory compliance, green cause-related marketing (CRM), green product, and a combination of green CRM and green product – on consumer attitude and purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach
– An experiment is conducted to investigate how consumers in an emerging Asian market like Thailand respond to different environmental CSR tactics.

Findings
– The results of this study demonstrate that a specific environmental CSR strategy elicits more favorable response than a general approach of complying with regulations. In addition, engaging in green CRM and offering a green product concurrently is perceived as more appealing than employing only either of the two strategies. The key finding is that in the eyes of Thai consumers, green CRM and green product CSR initiatives are substitutable.

Originality/value
– The paper conceptualizes the difference between four environmental CSR strategies from dimensions of the firm’s discretion and commitment level and highlights the importance of using specific voluntary environmental CSR strategies over involuntary regulatory compliance. Firms are recommended to engage in either green CRM or green product initiatives. The choice depends on a firm’s resources and opportunities. The addition of green CSR initiatives increases the positive impact on consumer attitude and purchase intention.
The fun paradox
Authors: Plester Barbara , Cooper-Thomas Helena , Winquist Joanne 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Fun means different things to different people and the purpose of this paper is to attempt to answer the question “what is fun at work?”. Given that perceptions of fun differ among people, the answer is that a pluralistic concept of fun best captures different notions of what constitutes fun at work.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research combines two separate studies. The first is an in-depth ethnographic project involving interviews, participant observations and document collection investigating fun and humour in four different New Zealand companies. The second study extends findings from the first by specifically asking participants to reply to survey questions asking “what is fun at work?”.

Findings
– Currently fun is described in a variety of ways by researchers using different descriptors for similar concepts. Combining current conceptions of fun with the own research the authors categorize the complex notion of workplace fun into three clear categories: organic, managed and task fun. This tripartite conception of fun combines and extends current models of fun and collates earlier findings into a synthesized model of fun. The investigation found that fun is ambiguous and paradoxical which creates issues for both managers and employees. The authors recognize fun as a multifaceted concept and use paradox theory and the concept of flow to theorize the multilateral fun framework.

Practical implications
– The authors find significant implications for managers in regards to creating and fostering fun in the organizational context. Differing perceptions of fun may result in misunderstandings that can negatively impact morale and workplace relationships. A wider conceptualization of fun offers potential for more harmonious and productive workplaces and creates a greater tolerance for competing and paradoxical perceptions of fun.

Originality/value
– Current literature on workplace fun uses a variety of descriptors of fun and emphasizes a duality between managed and organic forms of fun. In suggesting a new term “task fun” the authors synthesize earlier conceptions of fun to create an integrated model of fun. The model clearly outlines three overlapping yet paradoxical categories of fun.
Young and unionised in the UK? Insights from the public sector
Authors: Hodder Andy 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between trade unions and young workers in the UK using the Young Members’ Network of the Public and Commercial Services (PCS) union as a case study.Design/methodology/approach– Findings are based on semi-structured interviews with 20 full-time officials and 39 lay officials of all ages, the collection and analysis of primary documents and observations at a range of union meetings.Findings– It is argued that PCS has developed a strong network of young activists and is leading the way in terms of engaging with and representing young workers. However, its success in the future may be limited due to changes to the external environment in which the union is trying to organise.Research limitations/implications– The research highlights the role of an under researched area of trade union membership. To provide additional insights, further research is needed into the practice of other unions.Originality/value– This paper provides significant qualitative analysis into this issue which complements the existing quantitative research in this area.
Developing individual and organisational work-life balance strategies to improve employee health and wellbeing
Authors: Zheng Connie , Molineux John , Mirshekary Soheila , Scarparo Simona 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– Work-life balance (WLB) is an issue of focus for organisations and individuals because individuals benefit from having better health and wellbeing when they have WLB and this, in turn, impacts on organisational productivity and performance. The purpose of this paper is to explore relevant WLB factors contributing to employee health and wellbeing, and to understand the interactive effects of individual WLB strategies and organisational WLB policies/programmes on improving employee health and wellbeing.Design/methodology/approach– Using the data collected from 700 employees located in Queensland, Australia, multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the variables related to individual WLB strategies and organisational WLB programmes. Several multiple regression models were used to evaluate interrelated relationships among these variables and their combined effects on employee health and wellbeing.Findings– The authors found that employees exercising their own WLB strategies showed better health conditions and wellbeing that those who do not; they were also more capable of achieving WLB. Both availability and usage of organisational WLB programmes were found to help employees reduce their stress levels, but interestingly to have no direct association with WLB and employee health. Several control variables such as age, working hours, education level and household incomes were found to have moderate effects on employee health and wellbeing.Originality/value– Employee health and wellbeing are determined by multiple factors. In distinguishing from prior research in this field, this study discovers an important interface between individual WLB strategies and organisational provision of WLB policies/programmes supplemented by several exogenous factors in addressing overall employee health and wellbeing. The results have implications for organisational delivery of WLB policies and other human resource management practices to support employees.