bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple clot based assay for detection of procoagulant cell-derived microparticles
Authors: Patil Rucha , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Shetty Shrimati 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are important biomarkers in many facets of medicine. However, the MP detection methods used till date are costly and time consuming. The main aim of this study was to standardize an in-house clot based screening method for MP detection which would not only be specific and sensitive, but also inexpensive.Methods:Four different methods of MP assessment were performed and the results correlated. Using the flow cytometry technique as the gold standard, 25 samples with normal phosphatidylserine (PS) expressing MP levels and 25 samples with elevated levels were selected, which was cross checked by the commercial STA Procoag PPL clotting time (CT) assay. A simple recalcification time and an in-house clot assay were the remaining two tests. The in-house test measures the CT after the addition of calcium chloride to MP rich plasma, following incubation with Russell viper venom and phospholipid free plasma.Results:The CT obtained by the in-house assay significantly correlated with the results obtained by flow cytometry (RConclusions:Though preliminary, the in-house assay seems to be efficient, inexpensive and promising. It could definitely be utilized routinely for procoagulant MP assessment in various clinical settings.
Invasion Risk in a Warmer World: Modeling Range Expansion and Habitat Preferences of Three Nonnative Aquatic Invasive Plants
Authors: Koncki Natalie G. , Aronson Myla F. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBiological invasions and climate change pose two of the most important challenges facing global biodiversity. Of particular importance are aquatic invasive plants, which have caused extensive economic and environmental impacts by drastically altering native biodiversity and ecosystem services of freshwater wetlands. Here, we used the maximum entropy model, Maxent, to model the potential range expansion of three nonnative aquatic invasive plants: alligatorweed, limnophila, and giant salvinia, throughout the continental United States under current, 2030 to 2059 (2040), and 2070 to 2099 (2080) climate scenarios. Maxent is a popular method to model predicted current and future species distributions based on biogeography and climate. Alligatorweed, limnophila, and giant salvinia are noxious invaders of freshwater habitats in the southeastern United States and cause economic and ecological loss. In addition, we analyzed each species' habitat preference based on wetland type, occurrence in man-made habitats, and distance to the nearest stream to better understand what future habitats are at risk and how these species spread. Our results show that in 2040 and 2080 climate scenarios, all three species have the potential to increase their range throughout the northeastern United States and as far as New York and Massachusetts. The spatial distribution of alligatorweed was primarily determined by precipitation of the warmest quarter (15.8%), limnophila was primarily determined by precipitation of the warmest quarter (52.2%) and mean temperature of the coldest quarter (21.8%), and giant salvinia was primarily determined by the mean temperature of the coldest quarter (24.3%). All three species were found significantly more frequently in lakes and ponds than in other freshwater habits. Giant salvinia was found significantly more often in man-made wetland habitats. In order to reduce the detrimental impacts of these species, land managers in the northeastern United States should concentrate early detection and rapid response management in lakes, ponds and man-made wetland habitats.
PANCREATIC STEATOSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE EVALUATED BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Authors: Andrade Luis Jesuino De Oliveira , Guimarães Laryssa Rocha , Fernandes Cadete Raissa Brito , Sodré Hudson Sá , Santana de Melo Paulo Roberto , Conrado de Souza Emmanuel 
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Pancreatic steatosis (PS) is the fatty replacement of pancreatic parenchyma, being often associated with obesity and aging. Similar to this condition in pancreas, any excessive lipidic deposition in the liver tissue are referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objective: The objective of this study was to explore associations between PS and the NAFLD grade, as evaluated by ultrasonography. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Diagnosis of the PS and NAFLD was based on ultrasound findings, and 576 ultrasonography exams were evaluated. The chi-square test was used for evaluation of the relationship between PS and NAFLD. Results: A total of 576 individuals were included, 217 (or 37.7%) were male and 359 (or 62.3%) were female. The median age of the patients was 47.04 (11.8) years-old (mean ± standard error). Among them, 243 were diagnosed with PS and 245 were diagnosed with NAFLD according to the trans-abdominal ultrasound findings. There was an association between male sex and PS (P 0.012), and between female sex and NAFLD (P 0.0001). As compared to the normal group, the PS and NAFLD group was characterized by a significantly higher median age. There was also a statistically significant association between the degree of PS and the degree of NAFLD, with the following characteristics: mild PS and mild NAFLD (P 0.0001), moderate PS and moderate and severe NAFLD (P 0.0001) and between severe PS and moderate and severe NAFLD (P 0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that fat accumulation in pancreas is significantly correlated to NAFLD. It was also shown that the ultrasound is very resourceful when it comes evaluation of fat grade.
AL-LUGHOH AL’ARABIYAH BAINA FASHI WAL AMIYAH
Authors: Muslimin Imam 
Published: October 2015

Fungsi bahasa paling utama adalah sebagai alat komunikasi antar pemakai bahasa itu sendiri. Bahasa dapat dibedakan menjadi dua macam, bahasa lisan (manthuq) dan bahasa tulis (maktub). Dengan bahasa, seseorang bisa mengungkapkan perasaan dan keinginannya baik dalam bentuk lisan maupun tulisan. Bahasa Arab yang digunakan bangsa Arab di Jazirah Arabiyah sejak dahulu kala adalah bahasa Semit (Syamiyah) dan bahasa Arab-Semit itu kini telah mendominasi di hampir semua pengguna bahasa Arab. Padahal, di lihat dari aspek sejarah dan rumpun bahasa, bahasa Arab telah memiliki aneka ragam bahasa dan bukan hanya sebatas bahasa Arab-Semit. Tulisan ini mengungkap tentang factor punahnya bahasa Arab Non-Semit yang kini bahasa Arab hanya dibedakan menjadi bahasa Arab Fushah (resmi) dan Amiyah (pasaran)
AL-’ILMU BIL LUGHOTUL AL’ARABIYAH DHORUROH ’AQIDIYAH LIMUHATI AL-ALAMIYAH ’AN MAKANATIL LUGHOH FI DIN
Authors: Smer Zed Bin 
Published: October 2015

Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi yang digunakan manusia untuk berinteraksi dengan sesamanya. Bahasa juga digunakan sebagai sarana pembawa risalah samawi. Islam datang kepada umat manusia dengan menggunakan bahasa Arab. Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa agama, maka untuk mengkaji Islam secara mendalam sangat dibutuhkan pengetahuan tentang bahasa Arab. Banyak tantangan yang dihadapi oleh bahasa Arab dalam sejarah perjalanannya, namun ia tetap tegar dan sekaligus mampu membuktikan akan eksistensinya sebagai bahasa wahyu. Dengan mengkaji beberapa leteratur klasik dan modern yang tertuang dalam tulisan ini, diharapkan kita akan mengetahui eksistensi bahasa Arab dan sejarah perjalanannya dengan berbagai rintangan yang dihadapi serta urgensinya.Dari tulisan ini didapatkan bahwa bahasa Arab ternyata tidak sebatas bahasa wahyu, namun juga bahasa politik, budaya, ekonomi dan bahasa ilmu pengetahuan yang layak untuk dikaji.
PESANTREN TRADISIONAL; AKAR PENYEBARAN ISLAM DAN BAHASA ARAB DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fauzi Moch. Sony 
Published: October 2015

Traditional “pesantren” is the oldest education institution in Indonesia, in which student or santri studies many important materials in Islamic studies such as : Tauhid, Fiqh, and Tasawwuf. Arabic language as the language of the two main references in Islam, Quran and Hadith, and other classical reference in Islam is also the main object of study in Pesantren because of its importance as a means for understanding the references. The Arabic language is studied deeply especially in the aspect of grammar (qawaid). For this reason, pesantren is not only the center of Islamic studies but also the root of Arabic language in Indonesia. <br />
KARAKTERISTIK NUHAT KUFAH DAN BASHRAH
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan 
Published: October 2015

Nahwu have an important position for study literatures which written by Arabic. That is why it set in context. Arranged for the first time by Abu al-Aswad al-Du’ali with the instruction and agreement of Ali R.A. In first, nahwu was born in Bashrah, the great city and the complete metropolis, made illustrious by Sibawaih and al-Khalil b. Ahmad in Particular, occurred still in this city. Than, nahwu became depeloved and expanded to various city like Kufah, Baghdad, Mesir, and Andalusia.
APRESIASI SASTRA ISLAMI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mulyono Mulyono 
Published: October 2015

The current situation of Islamic literature in Indonesia shows significant and important development in relation to testhelic, thematic, market, society, publising industry and literary writing. This trend shows that Islamic literature in Indonesia groun well and covers wide readers from various levels. Literary apprecation from society especially from academic members of PTAI (Islamic Higher Education Institution) is needed to make Islamic literature exits quantitatively and qualitatively. The development of Islamic literature is integral part of Islamic civilization development.
MEMAHAMI KARAKTERISTIK BAHASA AL-QUR`AN DALAM PERSPEKTIF BALAGHIYAH
Authors: Mustamar Marzuki 
Published: October 2015

The nature of language is to express that someone exists, or in other word, expressing the existence. Through the revelation Allah introduces his existence to the creature. It can also be seen from the qudsi hadists popular among the sufi. It is said that Dawud asked to Allah, why do you create the creature? Allah answered, “I am the hidden hemisphere and I want to be known. For that reason I create the creatures so that I am known”.
AL-TARAKIIB AL-‘ARABIYYAH AL-MUSTA’MALAH FII AL-LUGHAH AL-INDUUNISIYYAH: ‘ADDADUHA WA ANWAA’UHA WA KHASHAAISHUHAA
Authors: Lubis Torkis 
Published: October 2015

This article describes Arabic phrase and sentence adopted from Bahasa Indonesia to answer three main questions on language absorption, mainly: how many Arabic phrase and sentences adopted in Bahasa Indonesia? What kind of Arabic phrases and sentences adopted in Bahasa Indonesia? What are the changes in the Arabic phrases and sentences adopted in Bahasa Indonesia? This is a library research by collecting all the Arabic phrases and sentences found in Bahasa Indonesia compiled in the main resources, “Kamus Bahasa Indonesia Kontemporer” by Drs. Peter Salim and Yenny Salim, books on religion, literature, magazine, newspaper, speech in Bahasa Indonesia and conversation among speaker of Bahasa Indonesia as the secondary resource. The finding of research says that the number of Arabic phrase and sentences adopted in Bahasa Indonesia is 505 phrases or idiomatic sentences. The phrases and sentences have been adjusted in three aspects, mainly: phonetic, syntactical and semantic.<br />Keywords: Tarakiib, Ta’tsiir, Al-Lughah Al-Indunisiyyah<br /><br />
QASAM DALAM AL-QUR’AN (SUATU TINJAUAN USLUB NAHWIYYAH)
Authors: Amir Amir 
Published: October 2015

<p><em>Qasam</em> is one of Arab’s habitation to communicate and for making sure with the others. Because that, al-Qur’an Comes to Arab’s surrounding and also in Arabic language, so that Allah swt. Use the Qasam to celebrate and socialization His Kalam or al-Qur’an. In this research consists of two problems, the first how the substance of the Qasam in the al-Qur’an, the second how the style of Qasam inArabic or Nahwu In order to solve these problems, the researcher collected data from many sources needed.This research the writer use qualitative research, and also include the data through the library research<strong>. </strong></p>
Evaluation of the 2012 Drought with a Newly Established National Soil Monitoring Network
Authors: Bell Jesse E. , Leeper Ronald D. , Palecki Michael A. , Coopersmith Evan , Wilson Tim , Bilotta Rocky , Embler Scott 
Published: October 2015

Core Ideas
New US soil moisture network provides new opportunity to evaluate drought
Soil moisture at deeper depths did not fully recover from the 2012 drought in 2013
Soil moisture varied by region in the response to drought
The NOAA United States Climate Reference Network (USCRN) deployed soil moisture sensors during 2009 to 2011 to monitor the temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture at 114 locations in the contiguous United States. These new soil observations will enhance our understanding of changing soil conditions for better drought monitoring. One year after full deployment of the network, a large drought occurred across most of the United States and provided an opportunity to evaluate the utility of this network for drought monitoring. The soil moisture signal of the 2012 drought in the continental United States was detected nationally at all observational depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm), with an overall 11.07% decrease from the average of the 2011 to 2013 summers. The top three depths (5, 10, and 20 cm) experienced the largest decrease in soil moisture. Although 2013 national precipitation totals returned to normal values and national soil moisture levels recovered from the 2012 drought, the national average soil moisture concentrations combined at the 50‐ and 100‐cm depths remained around 18% below pre‐drought levels. Regional analysis of the 2012 drought identified that the Upper Midwest, Northeast, Northern Rockies and Plains, and Ohio Valley climate regions were most impacted and demonstrated a temporal pattern similar to the national analysis. These results demonstrate the utility of using USCRN for monitoring national soil moisture conditions, assessing droughts, and tracking climate change with time.
Effects of variable attachment shapes and aligner material on aligner retention
Authors: Dasy Hiltrud , Dasy Andreas , Asatrian Greg , Rózsa Noémi , Lee Hao-Fu , Kwak Jin Hee 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the retention of four types of aligners on a dental arch with various attachments.

Materials and Methods:
For this study, three casts were manufactured, two of which contained attachments (ellipsoid and beveled), and one without any attachments to serve as a control. Four types of aligners were thermoformed: Clear-Aligner (CA)-soft, CA-medium, and CA-hard, with various thicknesses, and Essix ACE. Measurements of vertical displacement force during aligner removal were performed with the Gabo Qualimeter Eplexor. Means and standard deviations were next compared between different aligner thicknesses and attachment shapes.

Results:
CA-soft, CA-medium, and CA-hard did not present a significant increase in retention, except when used in the presence of attachments. Additionally, CA-medium and CA-hard required significantly more force for removal. Essix ACE demonstrated a significant decrease in retention when used with ellipsoid attachments. The force value for Essix ACE removal from the cast with beveled attachments was comparable to that of CA-medium. Forces for aligner removal from the model without attachments showed a linear trend. Essix ACE did not show a continuous increase in retention for each model. Overall, ellipsoid attachments did not present a significant change in retention. In contrast, beveled attachments improved retention.

Conclusions:
Ellipsoid attachments had no significant influence on the force required for aligner removal and hence on aligner retention. Essix ACE showed significantly less retention than CA-hard on the models with attachments. Furthermore, beveled attachments were observed to increase retention significantly, compared with ellipsoid attachments and when using no attachments.
Rapid maxillary expansion effects in Class II malocclusion: A systematic review
Authors: Feres Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , Raza Hasnain , Alhadlaq Adel , El-Bialy Tarek 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the sagittal dental or skeletal parameters of growing children with Class II malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review intended to identify relevant literature was conducted. The search was performed on Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Reference lists of the included articles were also screened for relevant documents. The qualitative assessment was performed according to the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool, and the resultant data were grouped and analyzed concerning dental and skeletal sagittal effects of RME.

Results:
Of 25 screened studies, seven articles met eligibility criteria and were included. Study samples were observed during mixed dentition stage and characterized as having either Class II dental malocclusion or skeletal discrepancy. None of the included studies was a randomized clinical trial. Included controlled studies presented several inadequacies related to control group or lacked appropriate comparative statistical analysis. Besides being frequently based on deficient methodology, dental and skeletal sagittal effects of RME were either controversial or lacked clinical relevance.

Conclusion:
The effect of RME on the sagittal dimension of Class II malocclusions has not been proved yet. Future randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to definitely address this question.
Biological and clinical impact of hemangioblastoma-associated peritumoral cysts in von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: Huntoon Kristin , Wu Tianxia , Elder J. Bradley , Butman John A. , Chew Emily Y. , Linehan W. Marston , Oldfield Edward H. , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Peritumoral cysts are frequently associated with CNS hemangioblastomas and often underlie neurological morbidity and mortality. To determine their natural history and clinical impact, the authors prospectively analyzed hemangioblastoma-associated peritumoral cysts in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease.

METHODS
Patients with VHL disease who had 2 or more years of follow-up and who were enrolled in a prospective study at the National Institutes of Health were included. Serial prospectively acquired laboratory, genetic, imaging, and clinical data were analyzed.

RESULTS
One hundred thirty-two patients (of 225 in the VHL study with at least 2 years of follow-up) had peritumoral cysts that were followed for more than 2 years (total of 292 CNS peritumoral cysts). The mean age at study entrance was 37.4 ± 13.1 years ([mean ± SD], median 37.9, range 12.3–65.1 years). The mean follow-up was 7.0 ± 1.7 years (median 7.3, range 2.1–9.0 years). Over the study period, 121 of the 292 peritumoral cysts (41.4%) became symptomatic. Development of new cysts was associated with a larger number cysts at study enrollment (p = 0.002) and younger age (p < 0.0001). Cyst growth rate was associated with anatomical location (cerebellum cysts grew faster than spine and brainstem cysts; p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0008), younger age (< 35 years of age; p = 0.0006), and development of new neurological symptoms (p < 0.0001). Cyst size at symptom production depended on anatomical location (p < 0.0001; largest to smallest were found, successively, in the cerebellum, spinal cord, and brainstem). The most common location for peritumoral cysts was the cerebellum (184 cysts [63%]; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Peritumoral cysts frequently underlie symptom formation that requires surgical intervention in patients with VHL disease. Development of new cysts was associated with a larger number of cysts at study enrollment and younger age. Total peritumoral cyst burden was associated with germline partial deletion of the VHL gene.
Conservative surgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor of the sacrum: 35 years’ experience
Authors: Domovitov Stepan V. , Chandhanayingyong Chandhanarat , Boland Patrick J. , McKeown David G. , Healey John H. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
There is no consensus regarding the appropriate treatment of sacral giant cell tumor (GCT). There are 3 main management problems: tumor control, neurological loss, and pelvic instability. The objective of this study was to examine oncological, neurological, and structural outcomes of sacral GCT after intralesional excision and local intraoperative adjunctive treatment.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 24 patients with sacral GCT who underwent conservative surgery (intralesional resection/curettage) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1973 through 2012. They analyzed patient demographic data, tumor characteristics, and operative techniques, and examined possible correlations with postoperative functional outcomes, complications, recurrence, and mortality.

RESULTS
There were 7 local recurrences (30%) and 3 distant recurrences (13%). Three of 24 patients (12.5%) had significant neurological loss after treatment—specifically, severe bowel and/or bladder dysfunction, but all regained function within 1–4 years. Larger tumor size (> 320 cm3) was associated with greater postoperative neurological loss. Radiation therapy and preoperative embolization were associated with prolonged disease-free survival. There were no local recurrences among the 11 patients who were treated with both modalities. Based on radiographic and clinical assessment, spinopelvic stability was present in 23 of 24 patients at final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
High local and distant recurrence rates associated with sacral GCT suggest the need for careful local and systemic follow-up in managing these patients. Intraoperative preservation of sacral roots was associated with better pain relief, improvement in ambulatory function, and retention of bowel/bladder function in most patients. Fusion and instrumentation of the sacroiliac joint successfully achieved spinopelvic stability in cases deemed clinically unstable. Despite improvement in the management of sacral GCT over 35 years, a need for novel therapies remains. The strategy of combining radiotherapy and embolization merits further study.