bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZnO nanoparticle formation in Zn+ ion implanted SiO2/Si structure
Authors: Privezentsev Vladimir , Kulikauskas Vaclav , Bazhenov Anatoly , Steinman Eduard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe investigation of ZnO NPs formation in SiO2/Si structure by Zn+ ion implantation with furnace annealing is presented. After implantation the samples were subsequently isochronally subjected to annealing during 1 h in nitrogen at 400 °C, and then in oxygen at 600 and 800 °C. The radiation defects and Zn implant profiles were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Optical absorption spectra from reflection experiment data of the test samples were studied at room temperature in a spectral range 250‐600 nm. Photoluminescence was spent using He‐Cd laser with wavelength 325 nm in a spectral range of 240‐800 nm. After implantation in SiO2 film were created metal Zn NPs. After annealing at 400 °C Zn there occurred increasing of Zn NP size. During annealing in temperature range of 600‐800 °C there occurred transformation from Zn metal NPs to its oxide form ZnO. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A quantum dot nucleated on the edge of a threading dislocation: elastic and electric field effects
Authors: Jurczak Grzegorz , Young Toby D. , Dłużewski Paweł 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work the affect of a threading dislocation localised on the edge of GaN/AlN quantum dot is analysed. A standard piezoelectric continuum model is extended to allow the embodiment of threading dislocations that are modelled as a continuous electro‐elastic line defect originating in the matrix material. Two common types of dislocation are considered: an edge‐type and a screw‐type.It is demonstrated that the presence of a TD provides local region of tensile strain as a preferential condition for GaN QD growth by reduction of the GaN / AlN lattice mismatch. It is found that dislocation induced potential causes a measurable in‐plane shift of the electron/hole localisation and an asymmetric decrease in the band‐to‐band transition energy. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: Adherence to Evidence‐Based Guidelines in Clinical Practice
Authors: Fitzgerald Timothy L. , Biswas Tithe , O’Brien Kevin , Zervos Emmanuel E. , Wong Jan H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of evidence‐based standards is problematic. Level 1 evidence, largely predicated on the German Rectal Cancer Study, supports neoadjuvant treatment for patients with stage II/III rectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent this evidence has affected clinical practice.MethodsStage II/III rectal cancer patients undergoing surgery from 1998 to 2007 were identified in the SEER tumor registry. Variables were analyzed with SPSS software. Trends were evaluated with regression models. Survivals were compared with the log‐rank test.ResultsA total of 22,136 patients were identified and 15,021 (67.8 %) were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. A large percentage were >60 years old (64.4 %), white (83.0 %), male (58.8 %), at stage III (55.1 %), and treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy (35.5 %). A significant increase in the use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy occurred: from 17 % in 1998 to 51 % in 2007 (p < 0.001). Scatter‐plot best‐fit lines for neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy intersected at approximately year 2002. Significant increases in preoperative radiotherapy were observed for all races and cancer stages (p < 0.001). On unadjusted analysis, race (p = 0.018), sex (p < 0.001), year of diagnosis (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and stage (p < 0.001) were associated with increased likelihood of neoadjuvant radiotherapy. On logistic regression analysis, male sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.14, p < 0.001), year (OR 1.223, p < 0.001), and stage II (OR 1.39, p < 0.001) were predictors of neoadjuvant therapy.ConclusionsWhen adjuvant radiotherapy was utilized, there was rapid adoption of a neoadjuvant approach. This trend predated publication of prospective randomized data.
Larynx‐Preserving Limited Resection and Free Jejunal Graft For Carcinoma of the Cervical Esophagus
Authors: Miyata Hiroshi , Yamasaki Makoto , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Takiguchi Shuji , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is no generally accepted treatment strategy for cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of larynx‐preserving limited resection with free jejunal graft for cervical esophageal cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of 58 patients with cervical esophageal cancer who underwent limited resection and free jejunal graft with or without laryngeal preservation. Among them, 45 patients received neoadjuvant treatment.ResultsLarynx‐preserving surgery was conducted in 33 of the 58 patients (56.9 %). A higher proportion of patients who underwent laryngopharyngectomy with cervical esophagectomy (larynx‐nonpreserving group) had cT4 tumors than those who underwent larynx‐preserving cervical esophagectomy (larynx‐preserving group) (72 vs. 12 %). The overall incidence of postoperative complications was similar in the two groups (56 vs. 52 %). The 5‐year survival rate was 44.9 % for the entire group. Laryngeal preservation did not reduce overall survival compared with the larynx‐nonpreserving operation (5‐year survival rate: 57.8 vs. 25.8 %). Multivariate analysis identified the number of metastatic lymph nodes as the only independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that larynx‐preserving limited resection with free jejunal graft is feasible. Also, this approach did not worsen the prognosis compared with the larynx‐nonpreserving operation. Limited resection with free jejunal graft and laryngeal preservation is a promising treatment strategy for cervical esophageal cancer.
Estimating density of a forest‐dwelling bat: a predictive model for Rafinesque's big‐eared bat
Authors: Clement Matthew J. , Castleberry Steven B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractData on species distribution and abundance are the foundation of population ecology. However, due to difficulties in surveying bats, abundance estimates for tree‐roosting microchiropterans are non‐existent. Therefore, our objective was to develop methods for estimating colony abundance and density, taking as our model Rafinesque's big‐eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii, a species of conservation concern found in cypress‐gum swamps of the southeastern United States. We searched 123 transects at eight study sites in the Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA to locate and characterize diurnal summer roosts of C. rafinesquii. We modeled the relationship between the number of bat colonies and landscape‐scale habitat variables with zero‐inflated negative binomial regression and used Akaike's information criterion to select the most parsimonious models. We generated a predictive density map to identify areas of high colony density and to estimate overall abundance. Colony density was predicted by the duration of wetland flooding, wetland width, and study site. Application of the regression model to a GIS indicated there were 3,734 colonies containing 6,910 adult bats on the eight study sites. Predicted density ranged from 0.07 colonies/ha and 0.07 adult bats/ha in saturated wetlands to 0.47 colonies/ha and 1.18 adult bats/ha in semi‐permanently flooded wetlands. This study is the first to estimate density and abundance of forest‐dwelling microchiropterans over a large area. Such data can serve as a baseline for future work on population trends in C. rafinesquii. In addition, our approach could be replicated for other bat species with moderately cryptic roosts.
“It's crazy being a Black, gay youth.” Getting information about HIV prevention: A pilot study
Authors: Voisin Dexter R. , Bird Jason D.P. , Shiu Cheng‐Shi , Krieger Cathy 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccess and adoption of HIV prevention information are important criteria for reducing HIV infection rates among men who have sex with men.MethodsUsing focus group data, researchers sought to identify sources of HIV prevention information and barriers to adopting protective behaviors among young African American men who have sex with men. Adolescents ages 18–24 were recruited for this study. Focus group data were analyzed to identify themes related to sources of HIV prevention information and barriers to adopting protective behaviors.ResultsResearchers documented that family and friends, formal education, television, and the LGBT community were major sources for HIV prevention information. However, motivation for adopting such information was hampered by apathy, homophobia, and racism.ConclusionFeelings of powerlessness need to be addressed when targeting Black MSM with HIV prevention information.
SNVDis: A Proteome-Wide Analysis Service for Evaluating nsSNVs in Protein Functional Sites and Pathways
Authors: Karagiannis Konstantinos , Simonyan Vahan , Mazumder Raja 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Amino acid changes due to non-synonymous variation are included as annotations for individual proteins in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and RefSeq which present biological data in a protein- or gene-centric fashion. Unfortunately, proteome-wide analysis of non-synonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) is not easy to perform because information on nsSNVs and functionally important sites are not well integrated both within and between databases and their search engines. We have developed SNVDis that allows evaluation of proteome-wide nsSNV distribution in functional sites, domains and pathways. More specifically, we have integrated human-specific data from major variation databases (UniProtKB, dbSNP and COSMIC), comprehensive sequence feature annotation from UniProtKB, Pfam, RefSeq, Conserved Domain Database (CDD) and pathway information from Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) and mapped all of them in a uniform and comprehensive way to the human reference proteome provided by UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. Integrated information of active sites, pathways, binding sites, domains, which are extracted from a number of different sources, provides a detailed overview of how nsSNVs are distributed over the human proteome and pathways and how they intersect with functional sites of proteins. Additionally, it is possible to find out whether there is an over- or under-representation of nsSNVs in specific domains, pathways or user-defined protein lists. The underlying datasets are updated once every 3 months. SNVDis is freely available at http://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/tool/snvdis.
Tensor structure on kC-mod and cohomology
Authors: Xu Fei 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLet $\mathcal{C}$ be a finite category and let k be a field. We consider the category algebra $k\mathcal{C}$ and show that $k\mathcal{C}$-mod is closed symmetric monoidal. Through comparing $k\mathcal{C}$ with a co-commutative bialgebra, we exhibit the similarities and differences between them in terms of homological properties. In particular, we give a module-theoretic approach to the multiplicative structure of the cohomology rings of small categories. As an application, we prove that the Hochschild cohomology rings of a certain type of finite category algebras are finitely generated.
Spaces with Noetherian cohomology
Authors: Andersen Kasper K. S. , Castellana Natàlia , Franjou Vincent , Jeanneret Alain , Scherer Jérôme 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIs the cohomology of the classifying space of a p-compact group, with Noetherian twisted coefficients, a Noetherian module? In this paper we provide, over the ring of p-adic integers, such a generalization to p-compact groups of the Evens–Venkov Theorem. We consider the cohomology of a space with coefficients in a module, and we compare Noetherianity over the field with p elements with Noetherianity over the p-adic integers, in the case when the fundamental group is a finite p-group.
On inverse categories and transfer in cohomology
Authors: Linckelmann Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIt follows from methods of B. Steinberg, extended to inverse categories, that finite inverse category algebras are isomorphic to their associated groupoid algebras; in particular, they are symmetric algebras with canonical symmetrizing forms.We deduce the existence of transfer maps in cohomology and Hochschild cohomology from certain inverse subcategories. This is in part motivated by the observation that, for certain categories $\mathcal{C}$, being a Mackey functor on $\mathcal{C}$ is equivalent to being extendible to a suitable inverse category containing $\mathcal{C}$. We further show that extensions of inverse categories by abelian groups are again inverse categories.
On the differential mediating role of emotions in revenge and reconciliation
Authors: Leiser David , Joskowicz-Jabloner Lisa 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMcCullough et al. suggest that revenge and forgiveness rest upon risk computation. Risk computation is implemented by emotions that evolved for additional functions, giving rise to phenomena such as betrayal aversion and taboo-tradeoffs, and specific patterns of forgiveness we have documented. A complete account of revenge and reconciliation should incorporate broader constructs from social psychology, including emotions and values hierarchies.
The logic of moral outrage
Authors: Uhlmann Eric Luis 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMcCullough et al.'s functionalist model of revenge is highly compatible with the person-centered approach to moral judgment, which emphasizes the adaptive manner in which social perceivers derive character information from moral acts. Evidence includes act–person dissociations in which an act is seen as less immoral than a comparison act, yet as a clearer indicator of poor moral character.
No such thing as genuine forgiveness?
Authors: McCoy Mark G. , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMcCullough et al. propose adaptations that motivate forgiveness when the potential benefits of continuing the relationship outweigh the costs incurred by the transgression. The costs incurred are definite, whereas future benefits of forgiveness are only probabilistic. This situation exposes the forgiver to cheating in the form of repeat transgression. Adaptations motivating genuine forgiveness are therefore unlikely to evolve.
Gesturing with an injured brain: How gesture helps children with early brain injury learn linguistic constructions
Authors: ÖZÇALIŞKAN ŞEYDA , LEVINE SUSAN C. , GOLDIN-MEADOW SUSAN 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTChildren with pre/perinatal unilateral brain lesions (PL) show remarkable plasticity for language development. Is this plasticity characterized by the same developmental trajectory that characterizes typically developing (TD) children, with gesture leading the way into speech? We explored this question, comparing eleven children with PL – matched to thirty TD children on expressive vocabulary – in the second year of life. Children with PL showed similarities to TD children for simple but not complex sentence types. Children with PL produced simple sentences across gesture and speech several months before producing them entirely in speech, exhibiting parallel delays in both gesture + speech and speech-alone. However, unlike TD children, children with PL produced complex sentence types first in speech-alone. Overall, the gesture–speech system appears to be a robust feature of language learning for simple – but not complex – sentence constructions, acting as a harbinger of change in language development even when that language is developing in an injured brain.
The benefit of orthographic support for oral vocabulary learning in children with Down syndrome
Authors: MENGONI SILVANA E. , NASH HANNAH , HULME CHARLES 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTChildren with Down syndrome typically have weaknesses in oral language, but it has been suggested that this domain may benefit from learning to read. Amongst oral language skills, vocabulary is a relative strength, although there is some evidence of difficulties in learning the phonological form of spoken words. This study investigated the effect of orthographic support on spoken word learning with seventeen children with Down syndrome aged seven to sixteen years and twenty-seven typically developing children aged five to seven years matched for reading ability. Ten spoken nonwords were paired with novel pictures; for half the nonwords the written form was also present. The spoken word learning of both groups did not differ and benefited to the same extent from the presence of the written word. This suggests that compared to reading-matched typically developing children, children with Down syndrome are not specifically impaired in phonological learning and benefit equally from orthographic support.
Gender differences in health service use for mental health reasons in community dwelling older adults with suicidal ideation
Authors: Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Gagné Sarah , Jozwiak Natalia , Préville Michel 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBackground:To ascertain gender-specific determinants of antidepressant and mental health (MH) service use associated with suicidal ideation.Methods:Data used in this study came from the ESA (Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés) survey carried out in 2005–2008 on a large sample of community-dwelling older adults (n= 2,004). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out.Results:The two-year prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.4% and 20.3% had persistent suicidal thoughts at one-year follow-up. In males, the prevalence of antidepressant and MH service use in respondents with suicidal ideation reached 32.2% and 48.9%, respectively. In females, the corresponding rates were 42.6% and 65.6%. Males were less likely to consult MH services than females when their MH was judged poorly. Male respondents with higher income and education were less likely to use antidepressant and MH services. However, males using benzodiazepines were more likely than females to be dispensed an antidepressant. Among respondents with suicidal ideation, gender was not associated with service use. Younger age, however, was associated with antidepressant use.Conclusions:Increased promotion campaigns sensitizing men to the prodromal symptoms of depression and the need to foster access to MH care when the disorder is manageable may be needed.
FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19) as a novel target gene for activating transcription factor 4 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Li Juan , Maruyama Ryuto , Inoue Jun , Sato Ryuichiro 
Published: December 2012

FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19), expressed in the small intestine, acts as an enterohepatic hormone by mediating inhibitory effects on the bile acid synthetic pathway and regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In an attempt to identify novel agents other than bile acids that induce increased FGF19 expression, we found that some ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress inducers were effective. When intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were incubated with thapsigargin, marked increases were observed in the mRNA and secreted protein levels of FGF19. This was not associated with the farnesoid X receptor. Reporter gene analyses using the 5′-promoter region of FGF19 revealed that a functional AARE (amino-acid-response element) was localized in this region, and this site was responsible for inducing its transcription through ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is activated in response to ER stress. EMSAs (electrophoretic mobility-shift assays) and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) assays showed that ATF4 bound to this site and enhanced FGF19 expression. Overexpression of ATF4 in Caco-2 cells induced increased FGF19 mRNA expression, whereas shRNA (short hairpin RNA)-mediated depletion of ATF4 significantly attenuated a thapsigargin-induced increase in FGF19 mRNA.
Organised labour and the politics of class formation in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Beresford Alexander 
Published: December 2012

This paper will examine the processes of class formation being augmented by South Africa's democratic transition and the impacts these processes are having on trade union organising. Through a case study of the National Union of Mineworkers in the energy industry, it will be argued that affirmative action and employment equity policies are opening up divisions within the union and eroding its unifying class identity. This poses a great challenge, not only to trade union organisation, but also to how we understand the political role of South Africa's trade unions within the post-apartheid era.
[Le travail organisé et la politique de formation des classes après l'époque de l'apartheid en Afrique du Sud.] Le présent document examine les processus de formation des classes mis en croissance par la transition démocratique en Afrique du Sud et les impacts que ces processus ont sur l'organisation syndicale. Grâce à une étude de cas du Syndicat national des mineurs (NUM) dans le secteur de l'énergie, on fera valoir que l'action positive et les politiques d'équité dans le domaine de l'emploi suscitent des divisions au sein de l'Union et entament l'identité de la classe unificatrice. Cela pose un grand défi, non seulement à l'organisation syndicale, mais aussi à la façon dont nous comprenons le rôle politique des syndicats d'Afrique du Sud à travers l'ère d'après- apartheid.

Mots-clés: Afrique du Sud  ; les syndicats  ; l'action positive  ; COSATU  ; ANC
Assessing South Africa's New Growth Path: framework for change?
Authors: Fine Ben 
Published: December 2012

The New Growth Path (NGP) is the symbolic policy document of South Africa's newly formed Department of Economic Development. It marks an intended break with the growth path of the first two decades of the post-apartheid era. But does it do so in principle and is it likely to do so in practice? This paper suggests otherwise because of its failure to address, let alone remedy, the key determining features of the post-apartheid economic landscape. These are the (international) financialisation of (domestic) conglomerate capital especially associated with (illegal) capital flight, the complicity of a newly formed black elite, and the continuing reliance upon how these interact with South Africa's longstanding minerals–energy complex (MEC). Without breaking with these features, the NGP in particular, and policy more generally, will seek to temper the gains and organisational opposition of better-off workers for putative benefits to those deprived of employment and basic levels of public provision.
[Évaluer la nouvelle direction de croissance d'Afrique du Sud : cadre pour le changement?] La nouvelle ligne de croissance (NGP) est le document de la politique symbolique du nouveau ministère sud-africain de développement économique. Il marque une pause prévue avec la ligne de la croissance des deux premières décennies survenues après l'ère de l'apartheid. Mais est-ce que cela se confirme dans le principe et dans la pratique? Ce document suggère le contraire, à cause de son incapacité à répondre - sans parler de remède – aux principales caractéristiques qui déterminent le paysage économique de la période après l'apartheid. Il s'agit de la financiarisation (internationale) du capital conglomérat (domestique), en particulier associée à la fuite (illégale) des capitaux, la complicité d'une élite noire nouvellement constituée, et d'un appui persistant sur la façon dont ceux-ci interagissent avec le complexe de longue date des minéraux d'énergie de l'Afrique du Sud. Sans rompre avec ces caractéristiques, la NGP en particulier, et plus généralement la politique, cherchera à tempérer les gains et l'opposition de l'organisation des travailleurs plus aisés pour des avantages supposés aux personnes privées d'emploi et les niveaux de base de la prestation publique.

Mots-clés: La Nouvelle trajectoire de croissance  ; financiarisation  ; complexe des minéraux d'énergie  ; Afrique du Sud