bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-voltage pulse generator for time-of-flight mass spectrometry in electrospray thrusters
Authors: Villegas-Prados D. , Blázquez-Plaza F. J. 
Published: August 2024

Electrospray thrusters exhibit diverse operational modes based on the nature of ejected particles. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is frequently employed to analyze the composition of the plume. This study introduces a novel converter-based bipolar high-voltage pulse generator aimed at producing synchronized bipolar high-voltage pulses with controllable voltage levels and frequencies, specifically tailored for the study of electrospray thrusters. The proposed topology generates bipolar high-voltage rails from a low-voltage power source through the forward–flyback with Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier topology. Subsequently, fast high-voltage MOSFETs are employed to generate high-voltage pulses. This paper outlines the operational principles and design methodologies of the pulse generator. Experimental verification corroborates its operational principles and functionalities, revealing that the pulse rise and fall times consistently remain below 30 ns, while the voltage can be tuned within the range of 300–1000 V. An electrospray thruster was employed to conduct a thorough and practical validation of the high-voltage pulse generator. This included generating time-of-flight curves and mass spectra of the plume, resulting in precise differentiation of all particles present.
Design of dual port 9T SRAM cell with parallel processing and high performance computing
Authors: Chopra Yogita , Mittal Poornima 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To meet industry requirements of higher transistor count SRAM cells this paper is proposing, a nine-transistor configuration static random access memory (SRAM) cell which is accessible by dual bit line and performing simultaneous read and write operations. The suggested 9T (P9T PS) cell is constructed at 32 nm CMOS and is operating at an operating voltage 0.9 V. To justify the refined performance of proposed design various analysis are carried out that shows the static noise margins (SNM) that occurs while executing the read operation is 0.368 V and hold operation by the cell is 0.364 V, while the write operation has an SNM of 0.422 V. The access time for write and read functions of the cell is found to be 1.2 nS and 4.5 nS respectively. The P9T PS SRAM is compared with other dual-port and single-port 9T SRAM cells is stand out to be pre-eminence in performance in terms of noise immunity, temperature variations, power consumption (static and dynamic both), power delay product (PDP), SNM to PDP and area ratio (SAPR) and electric quality matric. Total leakage power for P9T PS cell is found to be 22.1 nW. The P9T PS bit cell is also found to be power efficient as it is consuming minimal power for all of the operations. Area layout of the P9T (PS) is found to be 22.372 μm2. The results are also supported by the process corner variation analysis for four different corners. LT-spice software is used to carry out all the simulations and analysis.
Lie symmetry analysis, exact solutions and conservation laws of (3+1)-dimensional modified Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation
Authors: Yadav Sarasvati , Chauhan Vishal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the (3+1)-dimensional modified Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation using Lie symmetry analysis. An optimal system is constructed with the help of a commutator table and an adjoint table. Similarity reductions are obtained on the basis of the optimal system, and the governing partial differential equation is transformed into another partial differential equations with a smaller number of independent variables. The solutions of these reduced partial differential equations give invariant solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional modified Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation. The 3D graphical plots are used to describe the dynamical characteristics of the solutions. Hence, by employing these graphs, physicists and mathematicians can more efficiently and successfully follow complex physical processes. Finally, self-adjoint is checked, and conservation laws are also deducted corresponding to each infinitesimal generator.
Enhancing GWOPS Capabilities for Coordinated Multi-Telescope Detection of Gravitational Wave Electromagnetic Counterparts
Authors: Ma Penghui , Xu Yunfei , Hu Jingwei , Zhang Zhen , Ge Liang , He Min , Li Shanshan , Mi Linying , Li Changhua , Fan Dongwei , Cui Chenzhou 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The groundbreaking detection of gravitational waves (GWs) has ushered in a new era of astronomical observation, granting us access to cosmic phenomena that are imperceptible to electromagnetic waves. The inherently weak GW signals coupled with the substantial uncertainties in source localization pose significant challenges to the field of astronomy. In this paper, we introduce innovative strategies to enhance the efficiency of observing electromagnetic counterparts to GW events, thereby unlocking further secrets of the cosmos. We present a novel technique for designing observation targets and establishing priorities, progressing from the epicenter to the periphery within the boundaries of the GW error sky region. This method has significantly reduced the average slewing distance of telescopes by 41% compared to traditional methods, thus enhancing observational efficiency. Additionally, we have developed a collaborative observation strategy for telescope networks, allocating observation targets based on the field-of-view (FOV) sizes of individual telescopes. This ensures comprehensive coverage without redundancy, allowing a network of four telescopes to cover a sky area and accumulate observation probability more than four times that of a single telescope operating independently over an equivalent period. Building upon these strategies, we have significantly upgraded GWOPS, the GW Follow-up Observation Planning System developed by the China-VO team, to provide precise observational planning for large FOV (greater than 1 square degree) telescope networks. The system also features a web-based user interface that presents the GW error sky area and observation planning results in a graphical format, significantly improving user interaction and experience. The research presented herein equips astronomers with a robust toolkit, advancing the efficiency of searching for and studying electromagnetic counterparts to GW events, and heralding new frontiers in the research of astrophysics and cosmology.
Enhancing coherence by local parity-time symmetric operation under the non-Markovian environment
Authors: Leng Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of the relative entropy of coherence for a two-level system is systematically investigated within non-Markovian environment. We derive the exact expressions of relative entropy quantifying coherence for an exactly solving model consisting of single qubit interacting with independent structured reservoir. By employing local non-Hermitian operation, i.e. parity-time (

PT

) symmetric operation, we show that the vanished quantum coherence can be effectively restored under the non-Markovian regimes. Furthermore, the freezing phenomenon of the coherence can be detected by using the optimal

PT

symmetric operation strength within the non-Markovian environments.
Kernel heterogeneity improves sparseness of natural images representations
Authors: Ladret Hugo J , Casanova Christian , Udo Perrinet Laurent 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Both biological and artificial neural networks inherently balance their performance with their operational cost, which characterizes their computational abilities. Typically, an efficient neuromorphic neural network is one that learns representations that reduce the redundancies and dimensionality of its input. For instance, in the case of sparse coding (SC), sparse representations derived from natural images yield representations that are heterogeneous, both in their sampling of input features and in the variance of those features. Here, we focused on this notion, and sought correlations between natural images’ structure, particularly oriented features, and their corresponding sparse codes. We show that representations of input features scattered across multiple levels of variance substantially improve the sparseness and resilience of sparse codes, at the cost of reconstruction performance. This echoes the structure of the model’s input, allowing to account for the heterogeneously aleatoric structures of natural images. We demonstrate that learning kernel from natural images produces heterogeneity by balancing between approximate and dense representations, which improves all reconstruction metrics. Using a parametrized control of the kernels’ heterogeneity of a convolutional SC algorithm, we show that heterogeneity emphasizes sparseness, while homogeneity improves representation granularity. In a broader context, this encoding strategy can serve as inputs to deep convolutional neural networks. We prove that such variance-encoded sparse image datasets enhance computational efficiency, emphasizing the benefits of kernel heterogeneity to leverage naturalistic and variant input structures and possible applications to improve the throughput of neuromorphic hardware.
The Spirit of the Game
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Spirit of the Game offers a cultural and intellectual history of the Christian athlete movement in the United States, an effort led by American Protestants over the course of the twentieth century to carve out a home within big-time sports. Bridging scholarship on sport history and religious history, it uses sports as a lens for understanding transformations and overlapping communities in American Protestantism, including mainline, evangelical, Southern Baptist, and Black Protestant institutions and leaders. The book begins in the 1920s and traces the story until the twenty-first century. It focuses especially on the formation and development of three major sports ministries—the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Athletes in Action, and Pro Athletes Outreach—showing how those organizations established a lasting religious subculture within the sports industry. It also highlights the ways that conflict over issues like race, pluralism, gender, sexuality, theology, and politics honed the identity of the movement. Ultimately, the book argues that the leaders of the Christian athlete movement came to see sports as a form a middlebrow culture, a place for shaping future generations in a way that protected “traditional” American values while also allowing room for gradual change. In so doing, they turned commercialized athletics from what seemed in the 1920s like a potential rival for cultural authority into a means through which Protestants could maintain influence in a supposedly more secular American society.
The Terrific Urge to Win
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows how a group of mainline Protestants in the 1920s, with Amos Alonzo Stagg and Branch Rickey at the center, developed a “middlebrow” approach to engagement with sports. Stagg and Rickey contributed to the expansion of the two most popular team sports of the decade while also using their fame to advocate for Protestant causes. In this way, they offered reassurance that Protestant values still had a place within a changing postwar mass consumer society. They developed accommodationist strategies to maintain their faith within sports culture, insisting that even commercialized athletics could promote moral virtue. These strategies were crucial in the development of the cultural sensibilities and theological ideas that would shape the formation of the Christian athlete movement.
To Be an Athlete Is Different
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the early growth and development of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA) as it navigated its place within mainline Protestantism and the sports industry. More than simply building a self-sustaining organization, the launch and development of the FCA initiated a movement. It also forged a new subculture within sports that provided spiritual services and support for athletes and coaches. Yet, debate and conflict over the direction of the FCA led its founder, Don McClanen, to depart from the organization he founded. This set the stage for the Christian athlete movement to develop in line with the desires of its booster-minded sports practitioners more than its mainline Protestant leaders.
Call It Sportianity
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the creation and growth of new evangelical sports ministries, including Athletes in Action, Baseball Chapel, and Pro Athletes Outreach, from the 1960s into the 1970s. Through these ministries the Christian athlete movement expanded its reach into professional sports and also linked itself with a growing evangelical consumer culture gaining attention in American life. The new sports ministries clashed at times with the Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA), and the FCA also faced its own internal tensions over direction and purpose. These differences, however, could not overpower the ties that bound the Christian athlete movement together. Evangelicals successfully positioned themselves as the primary religious presence in big-time sports by assuming the roles that middlebrow Protestants had previously occupied, focusing on the therapeutic benefits of one’s personal faith, the defense of “traditional” Protestant values, and the promotion of gradual American progress.
Epilogue
Authors: Putz Paul Emory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this epilogue the cultural meanings of Tim Tebow and Colin Kaepernick are examined in light of their place within the Christian athlete movement. By the 2000s, the Christian athlete movement was firmly established within big-time sports, and Tebow’s rise to prominence was an example of its influence and power. Tebow also represented the movement’s shift from its middlebrow mainline origins to Southern evangelical forms of Protestantism. Kaepernick, on the other hand, highlighted the growing racial diversity within big-time sports and the different understandings of American history held by Black Christian athletes and the white-led evangelical sports subculture. The rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, the election of Donald Trump, and the intensification of debates over race, religion, and American identity will continue to shape the Christian athlete movement as it navigates a future within both evangelicalism and sports.
Confession, Protest, and Apocalypse
Authors: Howarth Peter B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ruth Witt-Diamant’s San Francisco Poetry Center fostered two often-opposed forms of the 1960s reading, the confessional and the anti-war protest, both suffused with a sense of imminent apocalypse. Allen Ginsberg first performed ‘Howl’ as naked self-revelation, but in performances at the Center it became a means to shame his audience for listening to him—a manoeuvre of reverse humiliation adopted from Robert Duncan’s Faust Foutu. Hearing Ginsberg while preparing his own reading at the Poetry Center in 1957, Robert Lowell recognized in the sharing of shame a new possibility for his readings, and the theatre of discomfort called ‘confessional poetry’ was born. But while Duncan and Denise Levertov scorned the emotiveness of confessional, they shared its apocalyptic sense of imminent judgement. Like Ginsberg’s early mentor Kenneth Rexroth, an advisor to the Poetry Center, Levertov could not resist using confessional’s shame-transferring techniques to expose the workings of the American war machine at every level, including herself reading.
The Golden Torah
Authors: Zavadivker Polly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When sacred objects and spaces fell victim to collateral damage and military atrocities, the Jewish Historical-Ethnographic Society in Petrograd waged a brief but dynamic campaign in 1916 to evacuate Jewish material heritage from front zones. Its organizers visited twenty-five shtetls near the front in provinces now part of Belarus and Ukraine. They rescued nearly 500 Torah scrolls and hundreds of manuscripts, community record books, ritual items, and other sacred objects. Despite these successes, the rescue campaign revealed and sharpened divisions and conflicts within Jewish society. The largely secular and nationalist “rescuers” treated the material heritage of Judaism as antiquities or folk creations, meant alternately for museum display, inspiration for secular art, and artifacts of national importance. The people and communities who possessed the same objects treated them with reverence and as sacred vessels. The history of the rescue campaign illuminates points of contact and conflict between diverse Jews in Russia during a time of transformative physical and cultural dislocation.
A History without an Ending
Authors: Zavadivker Polly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In 1918, Jewish communities in the lands of the former Russian Empire looked very different than they had in 1914. This book has illuminated some of the ramifications of World War I on the economic, social, political, cultural, and religious life East European Jewry. The concluding chapter summarizes some of the multiple changes and transformations in Jewish life wrought by the violence, revolution, and forced migration that occurred during the war. They include: the expansion of modern Jewish national schools, the entry of women into state and public service, the growth of a Yiddish civil society and Jewish populations outside the Pale in cities of the Russian interior, and the indefinite exile of Jews from their homelands as borders consolidated around new Soviet republics and East European nation-states whose political geographies shaped Jewish life during the interwar years, World War II, and the Holocaust.
Visual field loss and falls requiring hospitalisation: results from the eFOVID study
Authors: Manners Siobhan , Meuleners Lynn B , Ng Jonathon Q , Wood Joanne M , Morgan Bill , Morlet Nigel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Visual fields are important for postural stability and ability to manoeuvre around objects.

Objective
Examine the association between visual field loss and falls requiring hospitalisation in adults aged 50 +.

Methods
Older adults aged 50+ with and without visual field loss were identified using a fields database obtained from a cross-section of ophthalmologists’ practices in Western Australia (WA). Data were linked to the Hospital Morbidity Data Collection and WA Hospital Mortality System to identify participants who experienced falls-related hospitalisations between 1990 and 2019. A generalised linear negative binomial regression model examined the association between falls requiring hospitalisation for those with and without field loss, based on the better eye mean deviation (mild: −2 to –6 dB, moderate: −6.01 dB to –12 dB, severe &lt; −12.01 dB) in the most contemporaneous visual field test (3 years prior or if not available, 2 years after the fall), after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
A total of 31 021 unique individuals of whom 6054 (19.5%) experienced 11 818 falls requiring hospitalisation during a median observation time of 14.1 years. Only mean deviation index of &lt;−12.01 dB (severe) was significantly associated with an increased rate of falls requiring hospitalisations by 14% (adjusted IRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.0–1.25) compared with no field loss, after adjusting for potential confounders. Other factors included age, with those aged 80+ having an increased rate (IRR 29.16, 95% CI 21.39–39.84), other comorbid conditions (IRR 1.49, 95% CI 1.38–1.60) and diabetes (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.14–1.37). Previous cataract surgery was associated with a decreased rate of falls that required hospitalisations by 13% (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.95) compared with those who did not have cataract surgery.

Conclusion
The findings highlight the importance of continuous clinical monitoring of visual field loss and injury prevention strategies for older adults with visual field loss.
Outdoor artificial light-at-night and cardiometabolic disease risk: an urban perspective from the Catalan GCAT cohort study
Authors: Palomar-Cros Anna , Espinosa Ana , Bará Salva , Sánchez Alejandro , Valentín Antonia , Cirach Marta , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Blay Natàlia , de Cid Rafael , Romaguera Dora , Kogevinas Manolis , Harding Barbara N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigated the association between outdoor artificial light-at-night (ALAN) exposure and cardiometabolic risk in the GCAT study. We included 9752 participants from Barcelona (59% women) and used satellite images (30 m resolution) and estimated photopic illuminance and the circadian regulation–relevant melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (melanopic EDI). We explored the association between ALAN exposure and prevalent obesity, hypertension, and diabetes with logistic regressions and assessed the relationship with incident cardiometabolic diseases ascertained through electronic health records (mean follow-up 6.5 years) with Cox proportional hazards regressions. We observed an association between photopic illuminance and melanopic EDI and prevalent hypertension, odds ratio (OR) = 1.09 (95% CI, 1.01-1.16) and 1.08 (1.01-1.14) per interquartile range increase (0.59 and 0.16 lux, respectively). Both ALAN indicators were linked to incident obesity (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29, 1.11-1.48 and 1.19, 1.05-1.34) and hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 1.73, 1.00-3.02 and 1.51, 0.99-2.29). Photopic illuminance was associated with incident hypercholesterolemia in all participants (HR = 1.17, 1.05-1.31) and with angina pectoris only in women (HR = 1.55, 1.03-2.33). Further research in this area and increased awareness on the health impacts of light pollution are needed. Results should be interpreted carefully since satellite-based ALAN data do not estimate total individual exposure.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
AntiFormer: graph enhanced large language model for binding affinity prediction
Authors: Wang Qing , Feng Yuzhou , Wang Yanfei , Li Bo , Wen Jianguo , Zhou Xiaobo , Song Qianqian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Antibodies play a pivotal role in immune defense and serve as key therapeutic agents. The process of affinity maturation, wherein antibodies evolve through somatic mutations to achieve heightened specificity and affinity to target antigens, is crucial for effective immune response. Despite their significance, assessing antibody–antigen binding affinity remains challenging due to limitations in conventional wet lab techniques. To address this, we introduce AntiFormer, a graph-based large language model designed to predict antibody binding affinity. AntiFormer incorporates sequence information into a graph-based framework, allowing for precise prediction of binding affinity. Through extensive evaluations, AntiFormer demonstrates superior performance compared with existing methods, offering accurate predictions with reduced computational time. Application of AntiFormer to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patient samples reveals antibodies with strong neutralizing capabilities, providing insights for therapeutic development and vaccination strategies. Furthermore, analysis of individual samples following influenza vaccination elucidates differences in antibody response between young and older adults. AntiFormer identifies specific clonotypes with enhanced binding affinity post-vaccination, particularly in young individuals, suggesting age-related variations in immune response dynamics. Moreover, our findings underscore the importance of large clonotype category in driving affinity maturation and immune modulation. Overall, AntiFormer is a promising approach to accelerate antibody-based diagnostics and therapeutics, bridging the gap between traditional methods and complex antibody maturation processes.