bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a clinical prediction rule for walking independence in hospitalized older adults with a vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Kaizu Yoichi , Tamura Shuntaro , Iwamura Taiki , Saito Shota , Kobayashi Sota , Takeda Ren , Iwamoto Hiroki , Miyata Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveNo reports on factors or Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) associated with walking independence among patients with vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are available. Evidence regarding epidemiological walking independence rates is also sparse. Here, we sought to (i) obtain epidemiological data on the probability of inpatients with VCFs achieving walking independence, and (ii) develop and validate a CPR to determine walking independence in hospitalized patients with VCFs.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional observational study of patients aged ≥60 years who were hospitalized for VCF at four hospitals in Japan in 2019–2022. The outcome was walking independence at discharge. We performed a binomial logistic regression analysis to assess predictors of walking independence. Five independent variables were entered: age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, cognitive function, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and 10‐m walking test. Among the independent variables that were significant, we converted the continuous variables to binary data by calculating cut‐off values and then created the CPR. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as the measure of the CPR's diagnostic accuracy, and internal validation was conducted by bootstrapping.ResultsOf the 240 patients, 188 (78.3%) achieved walking independence. Cognitive function and the BBS score (with a cut‐off of 45 points) were identified as significant predictors. We created a CPR using these two items (0–2 points). The CPR's AUC was 0.92 (0.874–0.967), and internal validation by bootstrapping yielded a mean AUC of 0.919 with a slope of 0.965.ConclusionThe walking independence rate of patients with a VCF during hospitalization was 78.3%, with cognitive function and BBS being predictors. The developed CPR performed well enough to retrospectively predict walking independence in VCF patients. The BBS cut‐off value and the CPR may serve as useful indicators for clinicians to predict VCF patients' walking independence.
Glucosinolate derivatives as antifungals: A review
Authors: Patil Shivani , Gavandi Tanjila , Karuppayil Sankunny Mohan , Jadhav Ashwini 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFungal infections are becoming a severe threat to the security of global public health due to the extensive use of antibiotic medications and the rise in immune‐deficient patients globally. Additionally, there is an increase in the development of fungus resistance to available antifungal medications. It is necessary to focus on the development of new antifungal medications in order to address these problems. The wide range of chemical structures, low cost, high availability, high antimicrobial action, and lack of adverse effects are the characteristics of plant secondary metabolites. In order to find and develop new antifungal medications, plant secondary metabolites like glucosinolate (GSL) derivatives are crucial sources of information. These natural compounds are enzymatically transformed into isothiocyanates (ITCs), nitriles, epithionitriles, oxazolidin‐2‐thion, and thiocyanate when they get mechanically damaged. The current review offers a thorough understanding of how isothiocyanates affect fungi with detailed mechanism. Along with this antifungal activity of nitriles, epithionitriles, oxazolidin‐2‐thion, and thiocyanate are mentioned. The review summarizes our present understanding of the following subjects: role of isothiocyanate by inhibiting aflatoxin biosynthesis, effect of isothiocyanate on transcriptomes, isothiocyanate targets cell membrane, role of isothiocyanate in efflux, and the role of isothiocyanate in synergistic activity. Antifungal activity of nitrile, epithionitrile, oxazolidine‐2‐thion, and thiocyanate is mentioned. Cytotoxicity study and clinical trials data were also added. More extensive studies will be needed in this field to assess safety concerns and clinical efficacies of GSL derivatives.
Immature reticulocyte fraction: A novel biomarker of hemodynamic severity in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Brownstein Adam J. , Wilkinson Jared D. , Liang Lloyd L. , Channick Richard N. , Saggar Rajan , Kim Airie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVarious erythropoietic abnormalities are highly prevalent among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associated with worse disease severity. Given the poorly understood yet important roles of dysregulated erythropoiesis and iron metabolism in PAH, we sought to further characterize the hematologic and iron profiles in PAH and their relationship to PAH severity. We recruited 67 patients with PAH and 13 healthy controls. Hemodynamics attained within 1 year of blood sample collection were available for 36 patients. Multiple hematologic, iron, and inflammatory parameters were evaluated for their association with hemodynamics. The subset with hemodynamic data consisted of 29 females (81%). The most common etiologies were idiopathic PAH (47%) and connective tissue disease‐related PAH (33%). 19 (53%) had functional class 3 or 4 symptomatology, and 12 (33%) were on triple pulmonary vasodilator therapy. Immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) had significant positive correlations with mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (mPAP) (0.59, p < 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (0.52, p = 0.001), and right atrial pressure (0.46, p = 0.005), and significant negative correlations with cardiac index (−0.43, p = 0.009), PA compliance (PAC) (−0.60, p < 0.001), stroke volume index (SVI) (−0.57, p < 0.001), and mixed venous oxygen saturation (−0.51, p = 0.003). IRF correlated with markers of iron deficiency (ID) and erythropoiesis. On multivariable linear regression, IRF was associated with elevated mPAP and reduced SVI and PAC independent of EPO levels, transferrin saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor levels. We identified IRF as a novel and potent biomarker of PAH hemodynamic severity, possibly related to its associations with erythropoiesis, ID, and tissue hypoxia.
The Spatiotemporal Doubled‐Density Operator: A Unified Framework for Analyzing Spatial and Temporal Quantum Processes
Authors: Jia Zhian , Kaszlikowski Dagomir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe measurement statistics for spatial and temporal quantum processes are produced through distinct mechanisms. Measurements that are space‐like separated exhibit non‐signaling behavior. However, time‐like separated measurements can only result in one‐way non‐signaling, as the past is independent of the future, but the opposite is not true. This work presents the doubled‐density operator as a comprehensive framework for studying quantum processes in space‐time. It effectively captures all the physical information of the process, with the measurement and Born rule showing uniformity for both spatial and temporal cases. It is demonstrated that the equal‐time density operator can be derived by performing a partial trace operation on the doubled‐density operator. Furthermore, the temporality of the quantum process can be detected by conducting a partial trace operation on either the left or right half of the doubled‐density operator.
Constructing Metal–Organic Framework Films with Adjustable Electronic Properties on Hematite Photoanode for Boosting Photogenerated Carrier Transport
Authors: Xing Xiu‐Shuang , Zeng Xuyang , Wu Shaolong , Song Peilin , Song Xin , Guo Yao , Li Zehao , Li He , Zhou Zhongyuan , Du Jimin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHematite (α‐Fe2O3) has become a research hotspot in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC‐WS), but the low photogenerated carrier separation efficiency limits further application. The electronic structure regulation, such as element doping and organic functional groups with different electrical properties, is applied to alleviate the problems of poor electrical conductivity, interface defects, and band mismatch. Herein, α‐Fe2O3 photoanodes are modified to regulate their electric structures and improve photogenerated carrier transport by the bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are constructed with Fe/Ni and terephthalate (BDC) with 2‐substitution of different organic functional groups (─H, ─Br, ─NO2 and ─NH2). The α‐Fe2O3 photoanode loaded with FeNi‐NH2BDC MOF catalyst exhibits the optimal photocurrent density (2 mA cm−2) at 1.23 VRHE, which is 2.33 times that of the pure α‐Fe2O3 photoanode. The detailed PEC analyses demonstrate that the bimetallic synergistic effect between Fe and Ni can improve the conductivity and inhibit the photogenerated carrier recombination of α‐Fe2O3 photoanodes. The ─NH2 group as an electron‐donor group can effectively regulate the electron distribution and band structure of α‐Fe2O3 photoanodes to prolong the lifetime of photogenerated holes, which facilitates photogenerated carrier transport and further enhances the PEC‐WS performance of α‐Fe2O3 photoanode.
In Situ Polymerization of Ultra‐Thin and Defect‐Free Polyamide Layer for Effectively Impeding the Polysulfides Shuttle
Authors: Zheng Aqian , Shen Chunli , Yan Kaijian , Gong Minjian , Dong Chenxu , Yu Yongkun , Zhou Cheng , Pi Yuqiang , Xu Xu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries present significant potential for next‐generation high‐energy‐density devices. Nevertheless, obstacles such as the polysulfide shuttle and Li‐dendrite growth severely impede their commercial production. It is still hard to eliminate gaps between individual particles on separators that serve as potential conduits for polysulfide shuttling. Herein, the synthesis of a nanoscale thickness and defect‐free cross‐linked polyamide (PA) layer on a polypropylene (PP) separator is presented through in situ polymerization. The PA modification layer can effectively impede the diffusion of polysulfides with a thickness of only 1.5 nm, as evidenced by the results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and time‐of‐flight (TOF) testing. Therefore, the Li/Li symmetric battery assembled with the functional separator exhibits an overpotential of merely 12 mV after 1000 h of cycling under test conditions of 1 mA cm−2‐1 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the capacity degradation rate of the Li‐S battery is only 0.06% per cycle over 450 cycles at 1 C, while the Li‐S pouch cell retains 87.63% of its capacity after 50 cycles. This work will significantly advance the preparation and application of molecules in Li‐S batteries, and it will also stimulate further research on defect‐free modification of separators.
Assessing social connection for long‐term care home residents: Systematic review using COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines
Authors: Dewan Neha , Sommerlad Andrew , Chapman Hannah , Banerjee Sube , Corazzini Kirsten , Edvardsson David , Liougas Madalena P. , Livingston Gill , McGilton Katherine S. , O'Rourke Hannah M. , Bethell Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial connection is important for long‐term care (LTC) residents' quality of life and care. However, there is a lack of consensus on how to measure it and this limits ability to find what improves and impairs social connection in LTC homes. We therefore aimed to systematically review and evaluate the measurement properties of existing measures of social connection for LTC residents, to identify which, if any, measures can be recommended. We searched eight electronic databases from inception to April 2022 for studies which reported on psychometric properties of a measure of any aspect(s) of social connection (including social networks, interaction, engagement, support, isolation, connectedness, and loneliness) for LTC residents. We used COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines to evaluate the measurement properties reported for each identified measure and make recommendations. We identified 62 studies reporting on 38 measures; 21 measured quality of life, well‐being or life satisfaction and included a social connection subscale or standalone items and 17 measures specifically targeted social connection. We found there was little high‐quality evidence on psychometric properties such as sufficient content validity (n = 0), structural validity (n = 3), internal consistency (n = 3), reliability (n = 1), measurement error (n = 0), construct validity (n = 4), criterion validity (n = 0) and responsiveness (n = 0). No measures demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties on all these aspects, so none could be recommended for use. Thirty‐four measures have the potential to be recommended but require further research to assess their quality and the remaining four are not recommended for use. Our review therefore found that no existing measures have sufficient evidence to be recommended for assessment of social connection in residents of LTC homes. Further validation and reliability studies of existing instruments or the development of new measures are needed to enable accurate measurement of social connection in LTC residents for future observational and interventional studies.Highlights
Social connection is fundamental to person‐centered care in long‐term care homes.
There is insufficient evidence for the reliability and validity of existing measures.
No current measures can be recommended for use based on existing evidence.
A reliable and valid measure of social connection is needed for future research.
Numerical Simulations of Friction Stir Spot Welding Process Using Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach
Authors: Do Tuan Anh , Nguyen Minh Chien , Wu Yang-Jiu , Lin Pai-Chen , Van Tran Xuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe friction stir spot welding process involves many complex problems with thermal–mechanical coupling, boundary contact, and large deformation. Among these problems, large deformation is the most difficult to deal with conventional finite element method. In this study, 3D thermal–mechanical coupling finite element analysis based on the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method is employed to simulate the friction stir spot welding process of two aluminum sheets. The computational temperature histories at different locations and the weld thermal heat-affected zones are compared with those measured from experiments. The computational results are in relatively good agreement with the experiments. The CEL approach shows no mesh distortion and can be applied for extreme deformation problems; temperature diffusion, material flows, and mixture zone results can be obtained to evaluate the quality of the joint; CEL approach is computation cost where the mesh need to be refined.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Electromagnetic-Impacted Micro-forming Processes of Aluminum Alloy Thin Sheet
Authors: Liu Wei , Cheng Tao , Meng Zhenghua , Li Jiaqi , Huang Shangyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic forming is a kind of high-speed forming technology for improving the formability of aluminum alloy sheets; however, the inherent non-uniform electromagnetic forces always restrict its application into the micro-forming field. Electromagnetic-impacted micro-forming processes were adopted by using flexible mediums for force transmission. The processes of electromagnetic-impacted rubber micro-forming, electromagnetic-impacted micro-hydroforming, and electromagnetic-impacted pneumatic micro-forming were compared to inspect the influences of flexible mediums. The effects of discharge voltages on the electromagnetic-impacted micro-forming processes of an AA5052-O aluminum alloy thin sheet were investigated by the numerical simulation of electromagnetic and mechanical coupled fields. The numerical simulations were validated via comparisons with the experimental results; these showed that the forming accuracy and thickness uniformity of micro-channels were the greatest by the electromagnetic-impacted micro-hydroforming process.
Growth Recurring in a Preindustrial Economy
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOn the basis of new yearly estimates of output and population, Spain’s economic performance from the late thirteenth century to mid-nineteenth century can be shown to be a succession of growing and shrinking phases without long-term net gains in average income. The simultaneous behaviour of per capita income and population is consistent with the existence of a frontier economy in which natural resources are abundant and population scarce, and precludes a Malthusian interpretation. A long phase of sustained growth and lower inequality ended in the 1570s and gave way to another period of sluggish growth and higher inequality. Growth and decline and long-term stagnation are explained by individual and collective economic decisions under institutional constraints.
The Loss of the American Empire
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe loss of the Americas empire has been deemed one of the main causes of Spain’s economic backwardness in the nineteenth century. This chapter assesses its economic effects. The emancipation of the mainland American colonies impacted negatively on Spain’s economy, especially in the short run, with a contraction of international trade, domestic investment and the Monarchy’s revenues. However, the aggregate effects on the economy were narrower and less deep than conventionally assumed by historians and, in the long run, may have had contributed to the demise of the Ancien Régime that paved the way to the liberal society.
The Terms of Trade Between Spain and Britain and the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the Prebisch thesis of a long-run deterioration of primary producers’ terms of trade vis-a-vis industrial nations and its consequences on the former’s welfare is tested for Spain and Britain in the age of the Industrial Revolution. At odds with the Prebisch doctrine, the evolution of the terms of trade between Spain and Britain had a positive effect on Spain’s welfare, as productive factors embodied in exportables improved in absolute and relative terms, supporting the view that Spain’s relative decline in the nineteenth century cannot be blamed on specialization along lines of comparative advantage.
Mortality risk for kidney transplant candidates with diabetes: a population cohort study
Authors: Rashid Raja , Chaudhry Daoud , Evison Felicity , Sharif Adnan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
It is unclear whether kidney transplant candidates with diabetes have equitable transplantation opportunities or have divergent survival probabilities stratified by kidney replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate these two issues using national transplant registry data in the UK.

Methods
A cohort study was undertaken of prospectively collected registry data of all wait-listed people with kidney failure receiving dialysis in the UK. All people listed for their first kidney-alone transplant between 2000 and 2019 were included. Stratification was done for cause of kidney failure. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Time-to-death from listing was analysed using adjusted non-proportional hazard Cox regression models, with transplantation handled as a time-dependent covariate.

Results
A total of 47,917 wait-listed people with kidney failure formed the total study cohort, of whom 6594 (13.8%) had diabetes classified as cause of kidney failure. People with kidney failure with diabetes comprised 27.6% of the cohort (n=3681/13,359) that did not proceed to transplantation vs only 8.4% (n=2913/34,558) of the cohort that received a transplant (p<0.001). Kidney transplant candidates with diabetes were more likely to be older, of male sex and of ethnic minority background compared with those without diabetes. In an adjusted analysis, compared with remaining on dialysis, any kidney transplant provided survival benefit for wait-listed kidney transplant candidates regardless of diabetes as cause of kidney failure (RR 0.26 [95% CI 0.25, 0.27], p<0.001).

Conclusions/interpretation
Kidney transplant candidates with diabetes have a lower chance of transplantation despite better survival after kidney transplantation vs remaining on dialysis. The reasons for this require further investigation to ensure equal transplantation opportunities.

Graphical Abstract
piR-823 tale as emerging cancer-hallmark molecular marker in different cancer types: a step-toward ncRNA-precision
Authors: Shaker Fatma H. , Sanad Eman F. , Elghazaly Hesham , Hsia Shih-Min , Hamdy Nadia M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have received a lot of attention for their functions in cancer research. This class of short non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) has roles in genomic stability, chromatin remodeling, messenger RNA (mRNA) integrity, and genome structure. We summarized the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and regulatory molecular functions of piRNAs. Among all piRNAs studied in cancer, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of the emerging roles of piR-823 in various types of cancer, including colorectal, gastric, liver, breast, and renal cancers, as well as multiple myeloma. piR-823 has emerged as a crucial modulator of various cancer hallmarks through regulating multiple pathways. In the current review, we analyzed several databases and conducted an extensive literature search to explore the influence of piR-823 in carcinogenesis in addition to describing the potential application of piR-823 as prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as the therapeutic potential toward ncRNA precision.
A sharp square function estimate for the moment curve in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$
Authors: Maldague Dominique 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe prove a sharp (up to $C_{\varepsilon }R^{\varepsilon }$

C
ε

R
ε

) $L^{7}$

L
7

square function estimate for the moment curve in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$

R
3

.
Integrated positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging of flow phenomena in twisted tape swirl flow
Authors: Wiggins Cody S. , Cabral Arturo , Mafi Adam , Houston Jerel , Carasik Lane B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA combined positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique is presented, and its utility is demonstrated through investigation of flow in a pipe with twisted tape swirl insert with varying flow conditions (diameter-based Reynolds numbers 16,300–63,300). A description of this technique is given, as well as data handling practices used to relate geometric information captured by CT to fluid flow data gathered via PEPT. It is found that the CT component is readily capable of capturing the stainless steel insert geometry in this present system, but the use of combined plastic and metal materials leads to artifacts in imaging of the plastic surface. Nonetheless, CT data are related to PEPT flow measurements, and average velocity fields are calculated via a pseudo-framing and interpolation scheme and used to visualize and interrogate key flow phenomena within the system. Radial velocity profiles of the mean flow characteristics are seen to collapse to a nearly common form across all flow conditions considered. Helical vortices are seen propagating through the flow field, generated by bypass flow around the gap between the insert and pipe wall, with additional coherent secondary flow structures seen in the higher Reynolds number cases. These findings enhance the understanding of the mixing mechanisms in these swirl flows and encourage the continued development of PEPT-CT methodologies for 3D flow measurements in optically inaccessible systems.