bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Thermometry Based on Up‐Conversion Luminescence Behavior of Er3+ ‐Doped Transparent Sr2YbF7 Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Li XiaoMan , Cao JiangKun , Wei YunLe , Yang ZhiRong , Guo Hai 
Published: August 2015

Transparent novel glass‐ceramics containing Sr2YbF7:Er3+ nanocrystals were successfully fabricated by melt‐quenching technique. Their structural and up‐conversion luminescent properties were systemically investigated by XRD, HRTEM, and a series of spectroscopy methods. The temperature‐dependent up‐conversion spectra prove that 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels of Er3+ are thermally coupled energy levels (TCEL). Consequently, the 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 emissions of Er3+ in Sr2YbF7:Er3+ glass‐ceramics can be used as optical thermometry based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique. Combined with low phonon energy and high thermal stability, Er3+ ions in Sr2YbF7 glass‐ceramics present broad operating temperature range (300–500 K), large energy gap of TCEL (786 cm−1) and high theoretical maximum value of relative sensitivity (62.14 × 10−4 K−1 at 560 K), which suggests that Sr2YbF7:Er3+ glass‐ceramics may be excellent candidates for optical temperature sensors.
Participants’ views of telephone interviews within a grounded theory study
Authors: Ward Kim , Gott Merryn , Hoare Karen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo offer a unique contribution to the evolving debate around the use of the telephone during semistructured interview by drawing on interviewees’ reflections on telephone interview during a grounded theory study.BackgroundThe accepted norm for qualitative interviews is to conduct them face‐to‐face. It is typical to consider collecting qualitative data via telephone only when face‐to‐face interview is not possible. During a grounded theory study, exploring users’ experiences with overnight mask ventilation for sleep apnoea, the authors selected the telephone to conduct interviews. This article reports participants’ views on semistructured interview by telephone.DesignAn inductive thematic analysis was conducted on data pertaining to the use of the telephone interview in a grounded theory study.MethodsThe data were collected during 4 months of 2011 and 6 months in 2014. The article presents an inductive thematic analysis of sixteen participants’ opinions about telephone interviewing and discusses these in relation to existing literature reporting the use of telephone interviews in grounded theory studies.FindingsOverall, participants reported a positive experience of telephone interviewing. From each participants reports we identified four themes from the data: being ‘phone savvy; concentrating on voice instead of your face; easy rapport; and not being judged or feeling inhibited.ConclusionBy drawing on these data, we argue that the telephone as a data collection tool in grounded theory research and other qualitative methodologies need not be relegated to second best status. Rather, researchers can consider telephone interview a valuable first choice option.
Is Not Doing the Washing Up Like Draft Dodging? The Military Model for Resisting a Gender Based Labour Division
Authors: Bergès Sandrine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractI will examine a version of Bubeck's and Robeyns' proposals for ‘care duty’ which looks at the ways in which care work is analogous to defence work, and what the implications are for the best models in terms both of distributive justice and serving the common good. My own analysis will differ from Bubeck's and Robeyns' in two respects. First I will apply their arguments to all aspects of care including housework. This will mean making a case for housework counting as a form of care work as it is not usually regarded as such, and in particular, would probably be excluded from Robeyns' own account as she follows Bubeck's earlier characterisation of care as involving face‐to‐face interaction. Secondly, I will explore various ways in which care, and especially housework, could and has been distributed by appealing to a number of military models, concluding that the best gender‐just distribution of care requires a style of care experience modelled on universal military service. I will consider a number of objections to my view before concluding that not doing one's share of the housework could indeed come to be regarded as not doing one's duty as a citizen.
Dentures are a Reservoir for Respiratory Pathogens
Authors: O'Donnell Lindsay E. , Smith Karen , Williams Craig , Nile Chris J. , Lappin David F. , Bradshaw David , Lambert Margaret , Robertson Douglas P. , Bagg Jeremy , Hannah Victoria , Ramage Gordon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeRecent studies have established a relationship between dental plaque and pulmonary infection, particularly in elderly individuals. Given that approximately one in five adults in the UK currently wears a denture, there remains a gap in our understanding of the direct implications of denture plaque on systemic health. The aim of this study was to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of putative respiratory pathogens residing upon dentures using a targeted quantitative molecular approach.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and thirty patients’ dentures were sonicated to remove denture plaque biofilm from the surface. DNA was extracted from the samples and was assessed for the presence of respiratory pathogens by qunatitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Ct values were then used to approximate the number of corresponding colony forming equivalents (CFEs) based on standard curves.ResultsOf the dentures, 64.6% were colonized by known respiratory pathogens. Six species were identified: Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae B, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis. P. aeruginosa was the most abundant species followed by S. pneumoniae and S. aureus in terms of average CFE and overall proportion of denture plaque. Of the participants, 37% suffered from denture stomatitis; however, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of respiratory pathogens on dentures between healthy and inflamed mouths.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that dentures can act as a reservoir for potential respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity, thus increasing the theoretical risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. Implementation of routine denture hygiene practices could help to reduce the risk of respiratory infection among the elderly population.
Infant gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Australian GP attitudes and practices
Authors: Kirby Catherine N , Segal Ahuva Y , Hinds Rupert , Jones Kay M , Piterman Leon 
Published: August 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes and practices of Australian general practitioners (GPs) regarding infant gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) diagnosis and management.MethodsA national cross‐sectional survey, involving a random sample of currently practising Australian GPs (n = 2319) was undertaken between July and September 2011. GPs attitudes and management of infant GORD were surveyed via an online and paper‐based 41‐item questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 400 responses were analysed (17.24% response rate). The majority of GPs employed empirical trials of acid‐suppression medication and/or lifestyle modifications to diagnose infant GORD. GPs frequently recommended dietary modification despite the belief that they were only moderately effective at best. In addition, GPs frequently prescribed acid‐suppression medication, despite concerns regarding their safety in the infant population. Other GP concerns included the lack of clinical guidelines and education for GPs about infant GORD, as well as the level of evidence available for the safety and efficacy of diagnostic tests and treatments.ConclusionDespite the important role Australian GPs play in the diagnosis and management of infant GORD, high‐level evidence‐based guidelines for GPs are lacking. Consequently, GPs engage in diagnostic and management practices despite their concerns regarding the safety and effectiveness.
On the origins of observations of heterostyly in Primula
Authors: Gilmartin Philip M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn 1862, Charles Darwin published his landmark study on the different forms of flower in Primula; he coined the term distyly and subsequently expanded his studies to other species, including those with tristyly. Darwin is widely recognized as the first to study pin and thrum flowers in Primula, and to provide an explanation for the functional significance of the two floral morphs. Our laboratory is pursuing the genes that underpin floral heteromorphy in Primula, work influenced by Darwin's observations. One day, while appreciating a print of Primula vulgaris from William Curtis’ Flora Londinensis, I was struck by the fact that I was looking at images of dimorphic Primula flowers captured in a late‐1700s copper‐plate engraving that predated Darwin's observations by over 70 yr. This realization triggered a journey into archives of botanical texts, herbals and florilegia from the 16th to 19th Centuries, and correspondence archives, in search of earlier documents that could have influenced Darwin and the origins of an idea. Darwin was not the first to observe floral heteromorphy in Primula, but he was the first to realize the significance of the two floral morphs. Darwin's insight and exposition of purpose have underpinned all consequent work on the subject.

Contents

Summary
39

I.
Introduction – the germination of an idea
39

II.
Developments since Darwin
40

III.
The evolution of Darwin's thinking on heterostyly
41

IV.
Influences on Darwin's thinking
43

V.
Darwin and the historical landscape of botanical illustration
45

VI.
The historical work cited in Darwin's Different Forms of Flowers book
46

VII.
The insights of Clusius and de Reneaulme and the influence of Linnaean thinking
47

Acknowledgements
48

References
49
Extended follow‐up of pediatric liver transplantation patients receiving once daily calcineurin inhibitor
Authors: Lin Henry C. , Melin‐Aldana Hector , Mohammad Saeed , Ekong Udeme D. , Alonso Estella M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe describe longitudinal results in a cohort of pediatric liver transplant patients successfully minimized to once daily CNI monotherapy for longer than five yr and assess changes in liver biochemistries and liver histology. A retrospective chart review of all pediatric liver transplant patients at a single center was performed. Biopsies and serum biochemistries (AST, ALT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, INR, creatinine) are reported at time points: PM, five‐yr, seven‐yr, and nine‐yr post‐minimization. Biopsies were assessed for inflammation and fibrosis using Ishak and Batts grading systems. Successful minimization to daily CNI monotherapy was defined as normal liver enzymes with no episodes of rejection. Thirty‐three patients have successfully remained on once daily CNI for >5 yr, and 19/33 of these patients have serial liver biopsies available for review. We report on the clinical and histological findings of these 19 patients. All 19 patients continue to have normal liver biochemistries. On post‐minimization biopsies, fibrosis progressed by ≥2 stages in one patient (5.3%) despite normal liver biochemistries. Carefully selected patients can tolerate minimization to once daily CNI monotherapy as few have progression of fibrosis.
A Bayesian Approach to Estimate Changes in Condom Use from Limited Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence Data
Authors: Dureau J. , Kalogeropoulos K. , Vickerman P. , Pickles M. , Boily M.-C. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryEvaluation of large-scale intervention programmes against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is becoming increasingly important, but impact estimates frequently hinge on knowledge of changes in behaviour such as the frequency of condom use over time, or other self-reported behaviour changes, for which we generally have limited or potentially biased data. We employ a Bayesian inference methodology that incorporates an HIV transmission dynamics model to estimate condom use time trends from HIV prevalence data. Estimation is implemented via particle Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, applied for the first time in this context. The preliminary choice of the formulation for the time varying parameter reflecting the proportion of condom use is critical in the context studied, because of the very limited amount of condom use and HIV data available. We consider various novel formulations to explore the trajectory of condom use over time, based on diffusion-driven trajectories and smooth sigmoid curves. Numerical simulations indicate that informative results can be obtained regarding the amplitude of the increase in condom use during an intervention, with good levels of sensitivity and specificity performance in effectively detecting changes. The application of this method to a real life problem demonstrates how it can help in evaluating HIV interventions based on a small number of prevalence estimates, and it opens the way to similar applications in different contexts.
Calcium and Sudden Cardiac Death in End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Kim Esther D. , Parekh Rulan S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for a quarter of all deaths in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. While causative mechanisms of SCD in this high risk population remain poorly defined, interaction of the vulnerable myocardium with dialysis‐related arrhythmic triggers is thought to play a major role. Recent evidence suggests that dialysis‐induced derangement of calcium concentrations contributes to the increased risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, vascular calcification, and SCD. Current KDIGO guidelines recommend avoiding high dialysate calcium concentrations as a precaution against adverse outcomes of increased calcium burden and vascular calcification. Conversely, low calcium concentration is also implicated in the development of SCD via increased QT dispersion and prolonged QT interval. Consequently, the optimal dialysate calcium concentration in dialysis patients remains debated and further studies are needed to establish the best strategy for managing calcium in dialysis patients.
Retrospective evaluation of the effect of antivenom administration on hospitalization duration and treatment cost for dogs envenomated by Crotalus viridis: 113 dogs (2004–2012)
Authors: Katzenbach Julia E. , Foy Daniel S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effect of antivenom administration on mortality, hospitalization duration, and cost of hospitalization for dogs envenomated by Crotalus viridis.DesignRetrospective study (January 2004–December 2012).SettingPrivate veterinary emergency and referral center.AnimalsOne hundred thirteen dogs with confirmed C. viridis envenomation.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsDogs were divided into groups treated with either supportive care only (group 1) or supportive care plus antivenin crotalidae polyvalent (group 2). A modified snakebite severity score was used to compare patients from group 1 and group 2. Patients in group 2 received one 10 mL vial of antivenin crotalidae polyvalent over 4–6 hours. The mortality rate was 1.8% (2/113). Group 1 had a median duration of hospitalization of 20 hours (range, 8–50 hours), while group 2 had a median duration of hospitalization of 24 hours (range, 1.5–74 hours). Group 1 had a median cost of hospitalization of 1050.00 USD (range, 423.52–2266.09 USD) while group 2 had a median cost of hospitalization of 2002.19 USD (range, 1139.91–6908.01 USD). Both the duration of hospitalization (P < 0.01) and the cost of hospitalization (P < 0.01) were significantly greater in the group of dogs receiving antivenom.ConclusionsBoth the cost and the duration of hospitalization were significantly greater in the group of dogs that received antivenom. The difference in cost between the groups was approximately the cost of the antivenom vial and administration. Amongst the parameters evaluated, no significant benefit was associated with antivenom administered to dogs envenomated by C. viridis.
On Discriminating between GCM Forcing Configurations Using Bayesian Reconstructions of Late-Holocene Temperatures*
Authors: Tingley Martin , Craigmile Peter F. , Haran Murali , Li Bo , Mannshardt Elizabeth , Rajaratnam Bala 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeveral climate modeling groups have recently generated ensembles of last-millennium climate simulations under different forcing scenarios. These experiments represent an ideal opportunity to establish the baseline feasibility of using proxy-based reconstructions of late-Holocene climate as out-of-calibration tests of the fidelity of the general circulation models used to project future climate. This paper develops a formal statistical model for assessing the agreement between members of an ensemble of climate simulations and the ensemble of possible climate histories produced from a hierarchical Bayesian climate reconstruction. As the internal variabilities of the simulated and reconstructed climate are decoupled from one another, the comparison is between the two latent, or unobserved, forced responses. Comparisons of the spatial average of a 600-yr high northern latitude temperature reconstruction to suites of last-millennium climate simulations from the GISS-E2 and CSIRO models, respectively, suggest that the proxy-based reconstructions are able to discriminate only between the crudest features of the simulations within each ensemble. Although one of the three volcanic forcing scenarios used in the GISS-E2 ensemble results in superior agreement with the reconstruction, no meaningful distinctions can be made between simulations performed with different estimates of solar forcing or land cover changes. In the case of the CSIRO model, sequentially adding orbital, greenhouse gas, solar, and volcanic forcings to the simulations generally improves overall consensus with the reconstruction, though the distinctions are not individually significant.
Dietary supplementation with green tea extract promotes enhanced human leukocyte activity
Authors: Lowe Gordon M. , Gana Kalliopi , Rahman Khalid 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background: Leukocytes play a vital role in the host defence and inflammatory systems, the latter being responsible for the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of acute and chronic diseases. Green tea is a popular beverage, which is consumed worldwide and its active ingredients are epicatechin derivatives, which possess distinct anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate if a green tea extract could enhance leukocyte function in humans.

Methods: Volunteers were asked to take 300 mg of the green tea extract daily for 14 days and the capacity of circulating leukocytes to release both myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin was assessed. Whole blood from volunteers was stimulated with the bacterial peptide Formyl-Methionine-Leucine-Phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe). Myeloperoxidase an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid and is stored and secreted from the granules of neutrophils and monocytes and was measured as well as lactoferrin which is an iron-binding protein stored and secreted from the neutrophils. In conjunction the antioxidant capacity of the blood of the volunteers was also determined using a chemiluminescence method that measures the capacity of plasma to scavenge superoxide.

Results: After 14 days of treatment there was a significant increase in the release of myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin when whole blood was stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe (p<0.05), which activates a number of leukocytes including mature neutrophils and monocytes. This was mirrored by a significant increase in the total antioxidant status after 14 days of green tea ingestion (p0.05). After the “wash-out” period of 4 weeks, all parameters were consistent with those observed at the start of the trial (day 0). Treatment with the green tea extract also caused a slight but non-significant decrease in the number of circulating leukocytes, but the counts remained within published “normal” ranges for healthy human adults.

Conclusions: This study indicates that a green tea extract when taken as a dietary supplement for 14 days can increase the leukocyte activity and the total plasma antioxidant status and may have role to play in the prevention of inflammatory disease.
GLP1 and glucagon co-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor presenting as hypoglycemia after gastric bypass
Authors: Guimarães Marta , Rodrigues Pedro , Pereira Sofia S , Nora Mário , Gonçalves Gil , Albrechtsen Nicolai Wewer , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Monteiro Mariana P 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Post-prandial hypoglycemia is frequently found after bariatric surgery. Although rare, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), which occasionally are mixed hormone secreting, can lead to atypical clinical manifestations, including reactive hypoglycemia. Two years after gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of severe obesity, a 54-year-old female with previous type 2 diabetes, developed post-prandial sweating, fainting and hypoglycemic episodes, which eventually led to the finding by ultrasound of a 1.8-cm solid mass in the pancreatic head. The 72-h fast test and the plasma chromogranin A levels were normal but octreotide scintigraphy showed a single focus of abnormal radiotracer uptake at the site of the nodule. There were no other clinical signs of hormone secreting pNET and gastrointestinal hormone measurements were not performed. The patient underwent surgical enucleation with complete remission of the hypoglycemic episodes. Histopathology revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma with low-grade malignancy with positive chromogranin A and glucagon immunostaining. An extract of the resected tumor contained a high concentration of glucagon (26.707 pmol/g tissue), in addition to traces of GLP1 (471 pmol/g), insulin (139 pmol/g) and somatostatin (23 pmol/g). This is the first report of a GLP1 and glucagon co-secreting pNET presenting as hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery. Although pNET are rare, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the clinical approach to the post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia patient.

Learning points

pNETs can be multihormonal-secreting, leading to atypical clinical manifestations.

Reactive hypoglycemic episodes are frequent after gastric bypass.

pNETs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery.
PROCESOS INNOVADORES, PERCEPCIÓN Y NUEVOS PERFILES EN VENTA DE TECNOLOGÍAS Y DISEÑO DE GESTIÓN DE CATEGORÍAS
Authors: Buitrago Reyes Richard Orlando , Reyes Páez Jaime Andrés 
Published: August 2015

<p align="justify">Se realizó una investigación comparativa acerca de la percepción, consumo y perfiles de los usuarios en procesos de uso y venta de software, hardware, dispositivos y suministros complementarios relacionados con la informática. Se hizo en negocios de ventas al detal, centros comerciales, supermercados, el Centro de Alta Tecnología y Unilago, es decir, tiendas especializadas en la oferta al detal de productos con alta tecnología. Tiendas de mercado nacional e internacional de Bogotá D.C. En el diseño metodológico se evidenciaron estrategias de comunicación, mensajes requeridos, modelos de activación de la marca, dinámicas de respuesta a los informes y presentaciones, posicionamiento y mercado objetivo, comportamientos y análisis de las estadísticas de ventas, diferenciales competitivos y mejores ubicaciones. El estudio detallado buscó diagnosticar la historia de venta al detal, las tendencias de consumo y las variables correspondientes. Igualmente, se contextualizó con referencias internacionales, textos especializados, cuestionarios, instrumentos y documentos de resultados, expuestos por universidades de Bogotá, por Fenalco, Fedesarrollo, la Cámara de Comercio y Acopi.</p>