bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3‐Year‐Old Children Make Relevance Inferences in Indirect Verbal Communication
Authors: Schulze Cornelia , Grassmann Susanne , Tomasello Michael 
Published: March 2013

Three studies investigated 3‐year‐old children's ability to determine a speaker's communicative intent when the speaker's overt utterance related to that intent only indirectly. Studies 1 and 2 examined children's comprehension of indirectly stated requests (e.g., “I find Xs good” can imply, in context, a request for X; N = 32). Study 3 investigated 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children's and adults' (N = 52) comprehension of the implications of a speaker responding to an offer by mentioning an action's fulfilled or unfulfilled precondition (e.g., responding to an offer of cereal by stating that we have no milk implies rejection of the cereal). In all studies, 3‐year‐old children were able to make the relevance inference necessary to integrate utterances meaningfully into the ongoing context.
Nongrafted Sinus Floor Elevation with a Space‐Maintaining Titanium Mesh: Case‐Series Study on Four Patients
Authors: Atef Mohammed , Hakam Maha Mohammed , ElFaramawey Mohamed Ibrahim , Abou‐ElFetouh Adel , Ekram Mohamed 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeNumerous materials and techniques have been introduced to augment the maxillary sinus floor for future dental implant placement. Schneiderian membrane tenting above simultaneously placed implants proved to be a successful technique. The present study investigated the use of a titanium micromesh for lateral‐window sinus floor elevation without bone grafting.Material and MethodsFour patients indicated for two‐stage sinus lifting were included. Through a lateral window, a titanium micromesh was tailored and placed into the sinus to maintain the elevated membrane in place. Immediate and 6‐month postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed to measure the gained bone height. During implant placement, bone core biopsies were retrieved for histomorphometry.ResultsThe average residual ridge height among the eight sinuses was 3.6 mm ± 1.6 mm. Six months postoperatively, it reached 9.63 mm ± 1.47 mm. Histomorphometry revealed that the average bone volume of the native bone was 30.3% ± 9.1%, while that of the newly formed bone was 55.3% ± 11.4%.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study due to the small sample size, the use of the titanium micromesh as a space‐maintaining device after schneiderian membrane elevation is a reliable technique to elevate the floor of the sinus without grafting.
Immediately Loaded Platform‐Switched Implants in the Anterior Mandible with Fixed Prostheses: A Randomized, Split‐Mouth, Masked Prospective Trial
Authors: Romanos Georgios E. , Malmstrom Hans , Feng Changyong , Ercoli Carlo , Caton Jack 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundPlatform‐switched implants have been demonstrated to maintain marginal bone‐level stability after immediate loading. The present study evaluated crestal bone loss and soft tissue stability around ANKYLOS plus® implants (A‐implants) and Certain® PREVAILTM (B‐implants).Materials and MethodsPatients were identified to receive three A‐ or three B‐implants on each side of their mandibles, with randomization. All implants were loaded immediately after their insertion and splinted with a cemented provisional prosthesis. Final prostheses were delivered 3 months after implantation. Peri‐implant crestal bone loss, gingival recession, and other soft tissue changes were evaluated throughout a 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsA total of one hundred seven implants were placed in 18 patients. Two of the group A‐implants and one group B‐implant failed. At the final 24‐month assessment, bone loss of at least 2 mm (mesially or distally) was recorded at 5 of the 44 surviving A‐implants (11%) and 33 of the 47 B‐implants (70%), a success rate of 88.63% for the A‐ and 29.78% for the B‐implants.ConclusionsSignificant changes in the level of the crestal bone loss around immediately loaded platform‐switched dental implants seem to be related to the platform shape and size, as well as the implant‐abutment connection, when abutments are not removed.
Rescue of cAMP Response Element‐Binding Protein Signaling Reversed Spatial Memory Retention Impairments Induced by Subanesthetic Dose of Propofol
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Shao‐Bo , Zhang Qing‐Qing , Liu Meng , He Xing‐Ying , Zou Zui , Sun Hai‐Jing , You Zhen‐Dong , Shi Xue‐Yin 
Published: March 2013

SummaryAimsThe intravenous anesthetic propofol caused episodic memory impairments in human. We hypothesized propofol caused episodic‐like spatial memory retention but not acquisition impairments in rats and rescuing cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) signaling using selective type IV phosphodiesterase (PDEIV) inhibitor rolipram reversed these effects.MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: control; propofol (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal); rolipram; and rolipram + propofol (pretreatment of rolipram 25 min before propofol, 0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Sedation and motor coordination were evaluated 5, 15, and 25 min after propofol injection. Invisible Morris water maze (MWM) acquisition and probe test (memory retention) were performed 5 min and 24 h after propofol injection. Visible MWM training was simultaneously performed to resist nonspatial effects. Hippocampal CREB signaling was detected 5 min, 50 min, and 24 h after propofol administration.ResultsRolipram did not change propofol‐induced anesthetic/sedative states or impair motor skills. No difference was found on the latency to the platform during the visible MWM. Propofol impaired spatial memory retention but not acquisition. Rolipram reversed propofol‐induced spatial memory impairments and suppression on cAMP levels, CaMKIIα and CREB phosphorylation, brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and Arc protein expression.ConclusionsPropofol caused spatial memory retention impairments but not acquisition inability possibly by inhibiting CREB signaling.
Assessment of insulin action on carbohydrate metabolism: physiological and non‐physiological methods
Authors: Dube S. , Errazuriz I. , Cobelli C. , Basu R. , Basu A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCarbohydrate metabolism in humans is regulated by insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells and glucose disposal by insulin‐sensitive tissues. Insulin facilitates glucose utilization in peripheral tissues and suppresses hepatic glucose production. Any defects in insulin action predispose an individual to glucose intolerance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early detection of defects in insulin action could provide opportunities to prevent or delay progression of the disease state. There are different approaches to assess insulin action. Initial methods, such as peripheral insulin concentration and simple indices, have several limitations. Subsequently, researchers developed methodologies using intravenous glucose infusion to determine glucose fluxes. However, these methodologies are limited by being non‐physiological. Newer, innovative techniques that have been developed are more sophisticated and physiological. By modelling glucose kinetics using isotope dilution techniques, several robust parameters can be obtained that are physiologically relevant and sound. This brief review summarizes most of the non‐physiological and physiological methodologies used to measure the variables of insulin action.
Pulmonary Venous Flow Index as a Predictor of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Variability in Congenital Heart Disease with Increased Pulmonary Flow: A Comparative Study before and after Oxygen Inhalation
Authors: Rivera Ivan Romero , Mendonça Maria Alayde , Andrade José Lázaro , Moises Valdir , Campos Orlando , Silva Célia Camelo , Carvalho Antonio Carlos 
Published: March 2013

AimsThere is no definitive and reliable echocardiographic method for estimating the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to differentiate persistent vascular disease from dynamic pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the pulmonary venous blood flow velocity‐time integral (VTIpv) and PVR.Methods and ResultsEighteen patients (10 females; 4 months to 22 years of age) with congenital heart disease and left to right shunt were studied. They underwent complete cardiac catheterization, including measurements of the PVR and Qp:Qs ratio, before and after 100% oxygen inhalation. Simultaneous left inferior pulmonary venous flow VTIpv was obtained by Doppler echocardiography. The PVR decreased significantly from 5.0 ± 2.6 W to 2.8 ± 2.2 W (P = 0.0001) with a significant increase in the Qp:Qs ratio, from 3.2 ± 1.4 to 4.9 ± 2.4 (P = 0.0008), and the VTIpv increased significantly from 22.6 ± 4.7 cm to 28.1 ± 6.2 cm (P = 0.0002) after 100% oxygen inhalation. VTIpv correlated well with the PVR and Qp:Qs ratio (r = −0.74 and 0.72, respectively). Diagnostic indexes indicated a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 75%, accuracy of 83%, a positive predictive value of 92% and a negative predictive value of 60%.ConclusionThe VTIpv correlated well with the PVR. The measurement of this index before and after oxygen inhalation may become a useful noninvasive test for differentiating persistent vascular disease from dynamic and flow‐related pulmonary hypertension.
Role of ‘Student‐to‐Student Local Analgesia Administration’ on undergraduate students' opinions regarding ‘Pain‐Free Local Analgesia Technique’ in children
Authors: Kuscu O. O. , Kucuktepe C. , Caglar E. , Cildir S. K. , Hacinlioglu N. , Sandallı N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the role of ‘student‐to‐student local analgesia administration’ on undergraduate dental students' opinions regarding pain‐free local analgesia techniques in children.MethodsGrade 3 (n:29), Grade 4 (n:59) and Grade 5 students (n:28) of Yeditepe University, School of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey participated in the study. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained. Students' opinions were evaluated by means of a short survey administered before and after educational activities. Activities were provided in a didactic manner (theoretical, practical and clinical stages) and lasted for 6 months. Theoretical lectures on ‘pain‐free local analgesia techniques in children’ were given to all classes. In the practical stage, 3rd and 4th grade students were paired and performed infiltration analgesia on each other according to the lectured technique. In the final clinical stage, 4th and 5th grade students were supervised, whilst administering the technique on children during their clinical training.ResultsBefore the activities, only 40% of students believed in the possibility of pain‐free local analgesia in children, whereas after the educational activities, the percentage had risen to 68% (P = 0.0001). A significant difference was observed between the opinions of 4th grade students who attended the practical stage and 5th grade students who did not.ConclusionThe role of ‘student‐to‐student local analgesia administration’ was found to be significant in changing undergraduate students' opinions about pain‐free dental injections in children.
Development of cortical influences on superior colliculus multisensory neurons: effects of dark‐rearing
Authors: Yu Liping , Xu Jinghong , Rowland Benjamin A. , Stein Barry E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRearing cats from birth to adulthood in darkness prevents neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) from developing the capability to integrate visual and non‐visual (e.g. visual‐auditory) inputs. Presumably, this developmental anomaly is due to a lack of experience with the combination of those cues, which is essential to form associative links between them. The visual‐auditory multisensory integration capacity of SC neurons has also been shown to depend on the functional integrity of converging visual and auditory inputs from the ipsilateral association cortex. Disrupting these cortico‐collicular projections at any stage of life results in a pattern of outcomes similar to those found after dark‐rearing; SC neurons respond to stimuli in both sensory modalities, but cannot integrate the information they provide. Thus, it is possible that dark‐rearing compromises the development of these descending tecto‐petal connections and the essential influences they convey. However, the results of the present experiments, using cortical deactivation to assess the presence of cortico‐collicular influences, demonstrate that dark‐rearing does not prevent the association cortex from developing robust influences over SC multisensory responses. In fact, dark‐rearing may increase their potency over that observed in normally‐reared animals. Nevertheless, their influences are still insufficient to support SC multisensory integration. It appears that cross‐modal experience shapes the cortical influence to selectively enhance responses to cross‐modal stimulus combinations that are likely to be derived from the same event. In the absence of this experience, the cortex develops an indiscriminate excitatory influence over its multisensory SC target neurons.
Effect of pretreatment with calcium‐containing desensitizer on the dentine bonding of mild self‐etch adhesives
Authors: Pei Dandan , Liu Siying , Huang Cui , Du Xijin , Yang Hongye , Wang Yake , Deng Donglai 
Published: March 2013

Desensitizing agents are frequently applied to sensitive teeth and may affect subsequent resin bonding. The current study aimed to evaluate the bonding performance of two self‐etch adhesives containing functional monomers to dentine pretreated with three new calcium‐containing desensitizers. No desensitizer was applied in the control group. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with an arginine–calcium carbonate‐containing polishing paste, a casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP)‐containing paste, and an experimental hydroxyapatite paste, respectively. G‐Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond were used for bonding after desensitizer treatments. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was tested (n = 20 beams per group) and failure mode distribution was analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the occlusion of dentinal tubules. The mean (±SD) μTBS values, expressed in MPa, of groups 1, 2, and 3 and the control group were, respectively, 30.81 (7.79), 44.41 (8.02), 31.49 (6.13), and 41.40 (8.67) for G‐Bond and 39.63 (9.59), 32.55 (7.86), 37.50 (8.60), 27.90 (6.52) for S3 Bond. Most failures were recorded as adhesive failure (69.375%), instead of cohesive failure or mixed failure. The dentinal tubules were seldom plugged in group 2, but were mostly occluded in groups 1 and 3. Two‐way anova indicated that desensitizer application in association with a compatible adhesive system should be used when endeavoring to control hypersensitivity without adverse interference in bonding.
A phylomedicine approach to understanding the evolution of auditory sensory perception and disease in mammals
Authors: Kirwan John D. , Bekaert Michaël , Commins Jennifer M. , Davies Kalina T. J. , Rossiter Stephen J. , Teeling Emma C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHereditary deafness affects 0.1% of individuals globally and is considered as one of the most debilitating diseases of man. Despite recent advances, the molecular basis of normal auditory function is not fully understood and little is known about the contribution of single‐nucleotide variations to the disease. Using cross‐species comparisons of 11 ‘deafness’ genes (Myo15, Ush1 g, Strc, Tecta, Tectb, Otog, Col11a2, Gjb2, Cldn14, Kcnq4, Pou3f4) across 69 evolutionary and ecologically divergent mammals, we elucidated whether there was evidence for: (i) adaptive evolution acting on these genes across mammals with similar hearing capabilities; and, (ii) regions of long‐term evolutionary conservation within which we predict disease‐associated mutations should occur. We find evidence of adaptive evolution acting on the eutherian mammals in Myo15, Otog and Tecta. Examination of selection pressures in Tecta and Pou3f4 across a taxonomic sample that included a wide representation of auditory specialists, the bats, did not uncover any evidence for a role in echolocation. We generated ‘conservation indices’ based on selection estimates at nucleotide sites and found that known disease mutations fall within sites of high evolutionary conservation. We suggest that methods such as this, derived from estimates of evolutionary conservation using phylogenetically divergent taxa, will help to differentiate between deleterious and benign mutations.
Single and repeated sevoflurane or desflurane exposure does not impair spatial memory performance of young adult mice
Authors: Kilicaslan Alper , Belviranli Muaz , Okudan Nilsel , Nurullahoglu Atalik Esra 
Published: March 2013

AbstractVolatile anesthetics are known to disturb the spatial memory in aged rodents, but there is insufficient information on their effects on young adult rodents. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of single and repeated exposure to desflurane and sevoflurane on spatial learning and memory functions in young adult mice. Balb/c mice (2 months old) were randomly divided into six equal groups (n = 8). The groups with single inhalation were exposed to 3.3% sevoflurane or 7.8% desflurane or vehicle gas for 4 h, respectively. The groups with repeated inhalation were exposed to 3.3% sevoflurane or 7.8% desflurane or vehicle gas for 2 h a day during 5 consecutive days. Spatial learning and memory were tested in the Morris water maze 24 h after exposure. In the learning phase, the parameters associated with finding the hidden platform and swimming speed, and in the memory phase, time spent in the target quadrant and the adjacent quadrants, were assessed and compared between the groups. In the 4‐day learning process, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mean latency to platform, mean distance traveled and average speed (P > 0.05). During the memory‐test phase, all mice exhibited spatial memory, but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of time spent in the target quadrant (P > 0.05). Sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia did not impair acquisition learning and retention memory in young adult mice.
Evaluation of the fluorescent probes Nile Red and 25‐NBD‐cholesterol as substrates for steroid‐converting oxidoreductases using pure enzymes and microorganisms
Authors: Faletrov Yaroslav V. , Frolova Nina S. , Hlushko Hanna V. , Rudaya Elena V. , Edimecheva Irina P. , Mauersberger Stephan , Shkumatov Vladimir M. 
Published: March 2013

The fluorescent probes Nile Red (nonsteroidal dye) and 25‐{N‐[(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)‐methyl]amino}‐27‐norcholesterol (25‐NBD‐cholesterol) (a cholesterol analog) were evaluated as novel substrates for steroid‐converting oxidoreductases. Docking simulations with autodock showed that Nile Red fits well into the substrate‐binding site of cytochrome P450 17α‐hydroxylase/17,20‐lyase (CYP17A1) (binding energy value of −8.3 kcal·mol−1). Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica, both expressing CYP17A1, were found to catalyze the conversion of Nile Red into two N‐dealkylated derivatives. The conversion by the yeasts was shown to increase in the cases of coexpression of electron‐donating partners of CYP17A1. The highest specific activity value (1.30 ± 0.02 min−1) was achieved for the strain Y. lipolytica DC5, expressing CYP17A1 and the yeast's NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase. The dye was also metabolized by pure CYP17A1 into the N‐dealkylated derivatives, and gave a type I difference spectrum when titrated into low‐spin CYP17A1. Analogously, docking simulations demonstrated that 25‐NBD‐cholesterol binds into the active site of the microbial cholesterol oxidase (CHOX) from Brevibacterium sterolicum (binding energy value of −5.6 kcal·mol−1). The steroid was found to be converted into its 4‐en‐3‐one derivative by CHOX (Km and kcat values were estimated to be 58.1 ± 5.9 μm and 0.66 ± 0.14 s−1, respectively). The 4‐en‐3‐one derivative was also detected as the product of 25‐NBD‐cholesterol oxidation with both pure microbial cholesterol dehydrogenase (CHDH) and a pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, possessing CHOXs and CHDHs. These results provide novel opportunities for investigation of the structure–function relationships of the aforementioned oxidoreductases, which catalyze essential steps of steroid bioconversion in mammals (CYP17A1) and bacteria (CHOX and CHDH), with fluorescence‐based techniques.
A Descriptive and Co‐Constructive Approach to Integrated Performance Assessment Feedback
Authors: Adair‐Hauck Bonnie , Troyan Francis J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article presents a descriptive and Co‐Constructive Approach to feedback related to performance in the interpersonal mode of communication on the Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA). The goal of this research study was to describe the discursive features of effective IPA feedback. To this end, critical discourse analysis of a feedback session between a teacher and one student is presented and discussed. Based on this analysis, the discourse features of feedback that encourage self‐reflection and self‐regulation are extrapolated. Characteristics for effective feedback are presented to serve as guidelines for teachers implementing the IPA in their classrooms.
The Determinants of Sticky Prices and Sticky Plans: Evidence from German Business Survey Data
Authors: Schenkelberg Heike 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
So far, there is no consensus on the price adjustment determinants in the empirical literature. Analyzing a novel firm-level business survey data set, we provide new insights on the price setting behavior of German retailers during a low inflation period. Relating the probability of both price and pricing plan adjustment to time- and state-dependent variables, we find that state-dependence is important; the macroeconomic environment as well as the firm-specific condition significantly determines the timing of both actual price changes and pricing plan adjustments. Moreover, input cost changes are important determinants of price setting. Finally, price increases respond more strongly to cost shocks compared to price decreases.