bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic Encapsulated Phosphonium Salts—Synthesis of Weakly Coordinating Cations and their Application in Wittig Reactions
Authors: Moritz Ralf , Wagner Manfred , Schollmeyer Dieter , Baumgarten Martin , Müllen Klaus 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLarge and rigid tetraarylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate salts have been synthesized representing weakly coordinating cations with diameters of several nanometers. Divergent dendritic growth by means of thermal Diels–Alder cycloaddition was employed for the construction of the hydrophobic polyphenylene framework up to the third generation. X‐ray crystal structure analysis of first‐generation phosphonium tetrafluoroborate supported the rigidity of the non‐collapsible shell around the phosphorus center and gave insight into solid‐state packing and cation–anion distances. Copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne ligation served as reliable method for the preparation of a first‐generation triazolylphenyl hybrid phosphonium cation under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, from the synthesis of triarylbenzylphosphonium bromides, Wittig precursors with unprecedented bulky substituents in the α‐position were accessible. Employment of these precursors under Wittig conditions by treatment with base and subsequent reaction with aldehydes preferentially provided (Z)‐olefins with bulky polyphenylene substituents.
Folding Patterns in a Family of Oligoamide Foldamers
Authors: Kortelainen Minna , Suhonen Aku , Hamza Andrea , Pápai Imre , Nauha Elisa , Yliniemelä‐Sipari Sanna , Nissinen Maija , Pihko Petri M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of small, unsymmetrical pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylamide oligoamide foldamers with varying lengths and substituents at the end groups were synthetized to study their conformational properties and folding patterns. The @‐type folding pattern resembled the oxyanion‐hole motifs of enzymes, but several alternative folding patterns could also be characterized. Computational studies revealed several alternative conformers of nearly equal stability. These folding patterns differed from each other in their intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding patterns and aryl–aryl interactions. In the solid state, the foldamers adopted either the globular @‐type fold or the more extended S‐type conformers, which were very similar to those foldamers obtained computationally. In some cases, the same foldamer molecule could even crystallize into two different folding patterns, thus confirming that the different folding patterns are very close in energy in spite of their completely different shapes. Finally, the best match for the observed NOE interactions in the liquid state was a conformation that matched the computationally characterized helix‐type fold.
Polar Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Imidazolium Salts as Selective Probes for Staining Mitochondria in Two‐Photon Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Glodkowska‐Mrowka Eliza , Hugues Vincent , Brutkowski Wojciech , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree rationally designed polar derivatives of diketopyrrolopyrrole consisting of 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium cationic units and benzene, thiophene, or furan rings as π spacers were synthesized and thoroughly studied. The obtained salts are soluble in polar organic solvents and show satisfactory solubility in water, which makes them suitable for the applications in bioimaging. Photophysical measurements revealed that the obtained derivatives are characterized by strong absorption and good fluorescence quantum yields. The corresponding two‐photon properties were also examined and showed that the synthesized salts exhibit large two‐photon absorption cross‐sections reaching 4000 GM (GM=Goeppert‐Mayer unit, 1 GM=10−50 cm4 s photon−1) and very high two‐photon brightness values exceeding 2000 GM. It was demonstrated that these salts can be safely applied in two‐photon fluorescence microscopy for selective staining of mitochondria in living cells.
Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles with Multivalent Inhibitory Effects towards Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Touisni Nadia , Kanfar Nasreddine , Ulrich Sébastien , Dumy Pascal , Supuran Claudiu T. , Mehdi Ahmad , Winum Jean‐Yves 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMultifunctional silica nanoparticles decorated with fluorescent and sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors were prepared and investigated as multivalent enzyme inhibitors against the cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II and the transmembrane tumor‐associated ones hCA IX and XII. Excellent inhibitory effects were observed with these nanoparticles, with KI values in the low nanomolar range (6.2–0.67 nM) against all tested isozymes. A significant multivalency effect was seen for the inhibition of the monomeric enzymes hCA I and II compared to the dimeric hCA IX and hCA XII isoforms, where no multivalent effect was observed, suggesting that the multivalent binding is occurring through enzyme clustering.
An Improved and Efficient Process for the Preparation of (+)‐cloprostenol
Authors: Chen Yi , Yan Hui , Chen Hui‐Xuan , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn improved and efficient synthesis of (+)‐cloprostenol has been accomplished in nine steps and 26% overall yield from commercially available (–)‐Corey lactone 4‐phenylbenzoate alcohol 1. The present route avoids tedious purifications and requires only one column chromatography operation, which reduces the generation of waste and is suitable for large‐scale preparation. Chirality 27:392–396, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network centrality, organizational innovation, and performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Zhao Jie , Li Yuan , Li Chuanjia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBased on samples from 40 studies encompassing 15,860 organizations, we use meta‐analysis methods to examine the relationships between network centrality, organizational innovation, and performance, and to predict the influence of organization size, institutional environment, and industry on these relationships. Results show that network centrality positively influences both organizational innovation and performance. In addition, findings indicate that the impact of network centrality on organizational innovation is stronger for small organizations while that on organizational performance is stronger for large organizations. The influence of network centrality on overall organizational innovation/performance is stronger for organizations in developed institutional environments as well as in knowledge‐intensive industries. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrocardiographic Versus Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Prediction of Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly
Authors: Almahmoud Mohamed Faher , O'Neal Wesley T. , Qureshi Waqas , Soliman Elsayed Z. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an established risk factor for heart failure (HF) and is a component of the Framingham Heart Failure Risk Score (FHFRS). Whether LVH detected by electrocardiogram (ECG‐LVH) is equally predictive of HF as LVH detected by echocardiography (echo‐LVH) is unclear.HypothesisECG‐LVH and echo‐LVH are equally predictive of HF.MethodsThis analysis included 4543 participants (85% white; 41% male) age ≥65 years from the Cardiovascular Health Study who were free of HF at baseline. Incident HF was identified during a median follow‐up of 12 years. ECG‐LVH was defined by the Cornell criteria. Echo‐LVH was defined as left ventricular mass >95th percentile (male, >212 g; female, >175 g). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the association between ECG‐LVH and echo‐LVH, separately with incident HF. Harrell's concordance C‐index was calculated for the FHFRS with inclusion of ECG‐LVH and echo‐LVH, separately.ResultsAt baseline, 168 participants had ECG‐LVH and 226 had echo‐LVH. A total of 1380 incident HF events occurred during follow‐up. Both ECG‐LVH and echo‐LVH were predictive of incident HF (for ECG‐LVH, hazard ratio: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐1.77; for echo‐LVH, hazard ratio: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.22‐1.89). The ability of the FHFRS to predict HF was similar when ECG‐LVH (C‐index: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.726‐0.815) and echo‐LVH (C‐index: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.727‐0.814) were included into the model separately.ConclusionsBoth LVH‐ECG and echo‐LVH are equally predictive of incident HF and can be used interchangeably in HF risk‐prediction models.
Comparative Effectiveness of Medical Therapy, Supervised Exercise, and Revascularization for Patients With Intermittent Claudication: A Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Dolor Rowena J. , Hasselblad Vic , Subherwal Sumeet , Schmit Kristine M. , Heidenfelder Brooke L. , Patel Manesh R. , Schuyler Jones W. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are limited data on the comparative effectiveness of medical therapy, supervised exercise, and revascularization to improve walking and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication (IC).HypothesisSupervised exercise and revascularization was superior to medical therapy in IC.MethodsWe studied the comparative effectiveness of exercise training, medications, endovascular intervention, and surgical revascularization on outcomes including functional capacity (walking distance and timing), quality of life, and mortality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from January 1995 to August 2012 for relevant English‐language studies. Two investigators independently collected data. Meta‐analyses with random‐effects models of direct comparisons were supplemented by mixed‐treatment analyses to incorporate data from placebo comparisons, head‐to‐head comparisons, and multiple treatment arms.ResultsThirty‐five unique studies evaluated treatment modalities in 7475 patients with IC. Compared with usual care, only exercise training improved both maximal walking distance (150 meters; 95% confidence interval: 35–266 meters, P = 0.01) and initial claudication distance (39 meters; 95% confidence interval: 9–65 meters, P = 0.003). All modalities were associated with improved quality of life (Short Form‐36 physical functioning score) compared with usual care, but there were no differences between treatments. There were insufficient safety data to assess treatment‐related complications. All‐cause mortality was not significantly different between modalities.ConclusionsEvidence is insufficient to determine treatment superiority for improving quality of life and walking parameters in IC patients. Further studies with attention to study design, standardized efficacy and safety endpoints, and appropriate subgroup reporting are necessary to determine comparative effectiveness.
A Review of the Use of Iloprost, A Synthetic Prostacyclin, in the Prevention of Radiocontrast Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography and Intervention
Authors: Kassis Hayah M. , Minsinger Kristopher D. , McCullough Peter A. , Block Clay A. , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Brown Jeremiah R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, has been effective in preventing renal dysfunction among transplant patients. We hypothesized that iloprost is protective against renal dysfunction in different settings, in which similar underlying mechanisms of nephrotoxicity occur. We conducted a literature review, and discuss the application of iloprost in reducing acute renal insufficiency and the pathophysiological mechanisms of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN). One proposed mechanism of CIN is prolonged renal arterial vasoconstriction, causing renal hypoperfusion, ischemia, and release of free radicals. Iloprost is an analogue of the vasodilatory prostaglandin PGI2. It has demonstrated cytoprotective properties in the renal transplant population by inhibiting lysosomal degradation and release of free radicals, allowing membrane stabilization. Two good‐quality studies reported on iloprost and CIN. Five studies reported protective effects of iloprost in renal transplantation and 1 in coronary artery bypass grafting. Iloprost was found to be renoprotective in patients with baseline renal insufficiency who underwent coronary angiography for CIN (risk ratio [RR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16‐0.67) and increases the weighted mean difference improvement in creatinine clearance (RR = 4.56, 95% CI: 1.82‐7.30). CIN is associated with major adverse cardiac events. Preventing CIN is important for patient safety and reducing disease burden. Iloprost may reduce CIN by up to 68%. The same mechanisms of iloprost that inhibit graft dysfunction in the acute post–renal transplant and cardiopulmonary bypass setting may also contribute to preventing CIN. Large randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the clinical efficacy of iloprost in the angiography setting.
Antithrombotic Regimens for Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulation After Coronary Intervention: A Meta‐analysis of 16 Clinical Trials and 9185 Patients
Authors: Gao Xiao‐Fei , Chen Yan , Fan Zhong‐Guo , Jiang Xiao‐Min , Wang Zhi‐Mei , Li Bing , Mao Wen‐Xing , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Chen Shao‐Liang 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe optimal antithrombotic regimen remains controversial in patients taking oral anticoagulation (OAC) undergoing coronary stenting. This study sought to compare efficacy and safety outcomes of triple therapy (OAC, aspirin, and clopidogrel) vs dual therapy (clopidogrel with aspirin or OAC) in these patients. We hypothesize OAC plus clopidogrel could be the optimal regimen for patients with indications for OAC receiving stent implantation. Medline, the Cochrane Library, and other Internet sources were searched for clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of triple vs dual therapy for patients taking OAC after coronary stenting. Sixteen eligible trials including 9185 patients were identified. The risks of major adverse cardiac events (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82‐1.39, P = 0.65), all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.76‐1.27, P = 0.89), myocardial infarction (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.77‐1.31, P = 0.97), and stent thrombosis (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.49‐1.69, P = 0.75) were similar between triple and dual therapy. Compared with dual therapy, triple therapy was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35‐0.94, P = 0.03) but with higher major bleeding (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11‐2.10, P = 0.01) and minor bleeding (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.05‐2.42, P = 0.03). Subgroup analysis indicated there were similar ischemic stroke and major bleeding outcomes between triple therapy and therapy with OAC plus clopidogrel. Treatment with OAC and clopidogrel was associated with similar efficacy and safety outcomes compared with triple therapy. Triple therapy could be replaced by OAC plus clopidogrel without any concern about additional risk of thrombotic events.
The effect of oncologists' exercise recommendations on the level of exercise and quality of life in survivors of breast and colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Ji‐Hye , Lee Junga , Oh Minsuk , Park Hyuna , Chae Jisuk , Kim Dong‐Il , Lee Mi Kyung , Yoon Yong Jin , Lee Chul Won , Park Seho , Jones Lee W. , Kim Nam Kyu , Kim Seung Il , Jeon Justin Y. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of an oncologist's exercise recommendation with and without an exercise motivation package on the amount of exercise participation and quality of life (QOL) in survivors of breast and colorectal cancer.METHODSA total of 162 survivors of early‐stage breast and colorectal cancer who completed primary and adjuvant treatments were recruited for the current study. Participants were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups: 1) control (59 patients); 2) those receiving an oncologist's exercise recommendation (53 patients); and 3) those receiving an oncologist's exercise recommendation with an exercise motivation package (50 patients). At baseline and after 4 weeks, the level of exercise participation and QOL were assessed.RESULTSOf the 162 participants, 130 (80.2%) completed the trial. Intention‐to‐treat analysis indicated that participants who received an oncologist's exercise recommendation with an exercise motivation package significantly increased their level of exercise participation in terms of minutes (47.57 added minutes per week; 95% confidence interval, 9.62‐85.52 minutes [P =.022] vs control) and in Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)‐hours per week (4.14 additional MET‐hours per week; 95% confidence interval, 1.70‐6.58 MET‐hours [P =.004] vs control) compared with the control group. Participants who received only their oncologist's exercise recommendation did not increase their exercise participation level. Further analysis demonstrated that role functioning was significantly improved among participants who received an oncologist's exercise recommendation with an exercise motivation package.CONCLUSIONSProviding an exercise motivation package in addition to the oncologist's exercise recommendation to increase the level of exercise among survivors of breast and colorectal cancer should be considered. Cancer 2015;121:2740‐2748. © 2015 American Cancer Society
Note calibrating low‐scattering samples using Kubelka–Munk model
Authors: Brill Michael H. , Li Ya Qi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo calculation forms are presented for calibrating a Kubelka–Munk (KM) translucent layer using white and black backgrounds. The equations, derived from the hyperbolic and exponential forms of the KM equations and replacing variables a and b with c = S/K and d = bc, give results identical to the usual method, but avoid near‐zero divisions in the low‐scattering limit. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 399–401, 2016
Simultaneous generation and correlation of complete sets of generalized pairwise complementary sequences
Authors: Hadad Matías N. , Funes Marcos A. , Donato Patricio G. , García Enrique , Ureña Jesús , Carrica Daniel 
Published: May 2015

SummaryNew coding schemes are increasingly being developed to adapt multisensor and communication systems to the requirements of the current technological environment. In some cases, the practical implementation of these schemes involves a great amount of signal processing operations. In order to achieve and make suitable their use in different platforms, efficient algorithms are required to process coding. In the last years, a new kind of complementary sequences, known as Generalized Pairwise Complementary sequences, has been proposed. These sequences provide high noise immunity when they are applied to multiuser systems, as well as a low cross‐correlation, which is convenient in those applications. The aim of this paper is to propose optimized generation and correlation architectures for Generalized Pairwise Complementary sequences that would allow to process a complete set using a reduced amount of operations. An analytical demonstration is provided, with a final comparison to evaluate the reduction with regard to other algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomavirus testing of fine needle aspiration cytology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Hakima Laleh , Adler Esther , Prystowsky Michael , Schiff Bradley , Schlecht Nicolas , Fox Amy , Suhrland Mark , Khader Samer N. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for 25% of HNSCCs and frequently presents with neck lymph node metastases. We investigated utilizing cytology needle rinse material for HPV DNA testing by Hybrid Capture 2 molecular testing (HC2) as an alternative to p16 immunohistochemistry.MethodsTwenty‐two cases of HNSCC presenting with neck lymph node metastasis were prospectively identified by assessment of Diff Quik stained cytology smears. An aliquot of the needle rinse material from the lymph node was analyzed for HPV status using standard HC2 protocol. P16 status was determined with immunohistochemistry on the cell block and/or surgically obtained tumor.ResultsThe mean age of patients with p16 negative HNSCC was 7 years older than p16 positive disease (Table ). Primary tumor subsites were as follows: 17 oropharynx, 1 hypophayrnx, 3 larynx, and 1 oral cavity (Table ). All ten p16 negative patients had a history of smoking compared with 33% of p16 positive. Only 3 (25%) of p16 positive tumors demonstrated keratinization, whereas 90% of the p16 negative tumors keratinized (Fig. 1). Twelve of 22 HNSCC cases (55%) were p16 positive, of which 7 (58%) tested positive for HPV by HC2. Ten cases (45%) were negative for p16, all of which were negative for HPV by HC2 (Table ).ConclusionMolecular testing for HPV using HC2 on needle rinse material of FNA of HNSCC is a useful method of determining HPV status in HNSCC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:683–687. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transgenic plants as a sustainable, terrestrial source of fish oils
Authors: Napier Johnathan A. , Usher Sarah , Haslam Richard P. , Ruiz‐Lopez Noemi , Sayanova Olga 
Published: May 2015

An alternative, sustainable source of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is widely recognized as desirable, helping to reduce pressure on current sources (wild capture fisheries) and providing a de novo source of these health beneficial fatty acids. This review will consider the efforts and progress to develop transgenic plants as terrestrial sources of omega‐3 fish oils, focusing on recent developments and the possible explanations for advances in the field. We also consider the utility of such a source for use in aquaculture, since this industry is the major consumer of oceanic supplies of omega‐3 fish oils. Given the importance of the aquaculture industry in meeting global requirements for healthy foodstuffs, an alternative source of omega‐3 fish oils represents a potentially significant breakthrough for this production system.Transgenic Camelina seeds engineered to accumulate the omega‐3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, represent a sustainable alternative to fish oils.
Synthesis of two new arsenolipids and their identification in fish
Authors: Arroyo‐Abad Uriel , Hu Zehan , Findeisen Matthias , Pfeifer Dietmar , Mattusch Jürgen , Reemtsma Thorsten , Piechotta Christian 
Published: May 2015

Arsenolipids (AsL) of the type arsenic‐containing fatty acids (AsFA) and hydrocarbons (AsHC) are natural organoarsenic compounds present in high abundance in seafood. Since little is known about their toxicity, there is a significant concern about their health risk. Here we report the synthesis of two new AsL and their identification in fish by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled simultaneously to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and to high resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). The molecular structure was elucidated on the basis of their exact mass and their product ion mass spectra. One of the synthesized AsL has been already identified in fish samples, meanwhile, the other arsenolipid is reported here as a natural product in fish.Practical applications: The synthesized AsL can be used as analytical standards to confirm the identification of AsL in different biological samples and to optimize analytical methods for their determination by liquid chromatography coupled simultaneously to ICP‐MS and HR‐MS. The material can be further used for toxicity testing of AsL and to study their uptake, bioavailability, and biotransformation.We report the synthesis of two new arsenolipids and their identification in fish by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled simultaneously to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and to high resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). One of the synthesized arsenolipid has been already identified in fish samples, meanwhile, the other arsenolipid is reported for the first time here as a natural product in fish.