bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Measles Virus Hemagglutinin β-Propeller Head β4-β5 Hydrophobic Groove Governs Functional Interactions with Nectin-4 and CD46 but Not Those with the Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule
Authors: Mateo Mathieu , Navaratnarajah Chanakha K. , Syed Sabriya , Cattaneo Roberto 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Wild-type measles virus (MV) strains use the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor-like 4 [PVRL4]) as receptors. Vaccine MV strains have adapted to use ubiquitous membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) in addition. Recently solved cocrystal structures of the MV attachment protein (hemagglutinin [H]) with each receptor indicate that all three bind close to a hydrophobic groove located between blades 4 and 5 (β4-β5 groove) of the H protein β-propeller head. We used this structural information to focus our analysis of the functional footprints of the three receptors on vaccine MV H. We mutagenized this protein and tested the ability of individual mutants to support cell fusion through each receptor. The results highlighted a strong overlap between the functional footprints of nectin-4 and CD46 but not those of SLAM. A soluble form of nectin-4 abolished vaccine MV entry in nectin-4- and CD46-expressing cells but only reduced entry through SLAM. Analyses of the binding kinetics of an H mutant with the three receptors revealed that a single substitution in the β4-β5 groove drastically reduced nectin-4 and CD46 binding while minimally altering SLAM binding. We also generated recombinant viruses and analyzed their infections in cells expressing individual receptors. Introduction of a single substitution into the hydrophobic pocket affected entry through both nectin-4 and CD46 but not through SLAM. Thus, while nectin-4 and CD46 interact functionally with the H protein β4-β5 hydrophobic groove, SLAM merely covers it. This has implications for vaccine and antiviral strategies.
Morphology, Physiological Characteristics, and Complete Sequence of Marine Bacteriophage ϕRIO-1 Infecting Pseudoalteromonas marina
Authors: Hardies Stephen C. , Hwang Yeon J. , Hwang Chung Y. , Jang Gwang I. , Cho Byung C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacteria of the genus
Pseudoalteromonas
are ubiquitous in the world's oceans. Marine bacteria have been posited to be associated with a major ancient branch of podoviruses related to T7. Yet, although
Pseudoalteromonas
phages belonging to the
Corticoviridae
and the
Siphoviridae
and prophages belonging to the
Myoviridae
have been reported, no
Pseudoalteromonas
podovirus was previously known. Here, a new lytic
Pseudoalteromonas marina
phage, ϕRIO-1, belonging to the
Podoviridae
was isolated and characterized with respect to morphology, genomic sequence, and biological properties. Its major encoded proteins were distantly similar to those of T7. The most similar previously sequenced viruses were
Pseudomonas
phage PA11 and
Salinivibrio
phage CW02. Whereas many elements of the morphology and gene organization of ϕRIO-1 are similar to those of podoviruses broadly related to T7, ϕRIO-1 conspicuously lacked an RNA polymerase gene. Since definitions of a T7 supergroup have included similarity in the DNA polymerase gene, a detailed phylogenetic analysis was conducted, and two major DNA polymerase clades in
Autographivirinae
and several structural variants of the
polA
family represented in podoviruses were found. ϕRIO-1 carries an operon similar to that in a few other podoviruses predicted to specify activities related to γ-glutamyl amide linkages and/or unusual peptide bonds. Most growth properties of ϕRIO-1 were typical of T7-like phages, except for a long latent period.
Prototype Foamy Virus Bet Impairs the Dimerization and Cytosolic Solubility of Human APOBEC3G
Authors: Jaguva Vasudevan Ananda Ayyappan , Perković Mario , Bulliard Yannick , Cichutek Klaus , Trono Didier , Häussinger Dieter , Münk Carsten 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Cellular cytidine deaminases from the APOBEC3 family are potent restriction factors that are able to block the replication of retroviruses. Consequently, retroviruses have evolved a variety of different mechanisms to counteract inhibition by APOBEC3 proteins. Lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) express Vif, which interferes with APOBEC3 proteins by targeting these restriction factors for proteasomal degradation, hence blocking their ability to access the reverse transcriptase complex in the virions. Other retroviruses use less-well-characterized mechanisms to escape the APOBEC3-mediated cellular defense. Here we show that the prototype foamy virus Bet protein can protect foamy viruses and an unrelated simian immunodeficiency virus against human APOBEC3G (A3G). In our system, Bet binds to A3G and prevents its encapsidation without inducing its degradation. Bet failed to coimmunoprecipitate with A3G mutants unable to form homodimers and dramatically reduced the recovery of A3G proteins from soluble cytoplasmic cell fractions. The Bet-A3G interaction is probably a direct binding interaction and seems to be independent of RNA. Together, these data suggest a novel model whereby Bet uses two possibly complementary mechanisms to counteract A3G: (i) Bet prevents encapsidation of A3G by blocking A3G dimerization, and (ii) Bet sequesters A3G in immobile complexes, impairing its ability to interact with nascent virions.
Expression of stanniocalcin-1 in culprit coronary plaques of patients with acute myocardial infarction or stable angina
Authors: Lee Cheol Whan , Hwang Ilseon , Park Chan-Sik , Lee Hyangsin , Park Duk-Woo , Kang Soo-Jin , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundStanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is involved in fundamental biological processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation and wound healing, but little is known about its expression in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques or its relationship to plaque instability.ObjectiveSTC1 expression was examined in the culprit coronary plaques of 70 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=49) or stable angina (n=21) who underwent directional coronary atherectomy.MethodsThe specimens were stained with H&E, STC1-specific antibodies, and endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cell markers.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the two groups of patients were largely similar. CD31-immunopositive and CD68-immunopositive areas, indicative of the presence of endothelial cells and macrophages, respectively, were proportionately larger while areas immunopositive for α-actin, as a smooth muscle cell marker, were proportionately smaller in the AMI group than in the stable angina group. The proportion of STC1-immunopositive areas was significantly greater in the AMI group than in the stable angina group (20.0% (8.2–29.0%) vs 8.8% (3.9–19.4%), p=0.022). Areas positive for STC1 were independently correlated with those immunopositive for CD31 (r=0.42, p<0.001) and CD68 (r=0.40, p<0.001). STC1 immunoreactivity co-localised with CD31-immunopositive and CD68-immunopositive cells.ConclusionsSTC1 is differentially expressed in the culprit coronary plaques of patients with AMI versus those with stable angina. STC1 may play a role in plaque instability.
Text-messaging to reduce missed appointment in a youth clinic: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Narring Françoise , Junod Perron Noëlle , Dominicé Dao Melissa , Camparini Righini Nadia , Humair Jean-Paul , Broers Barbara , Gaspoz Jean-Michel , Haller Dagmar M 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundTo assess the effectiveness of text-messages in reducing the proportion of non-attendance in a youth clinic of a University Hospital.MethodsPatients who registered for an appointment and provided a mobile phone number were randomly selected to receive or not a text-message reminder before the planned appointment. A 10% reduction in the proportion of missed appointments was considered clinically and economically useful and the study was powered accordingly.ResultsThe proportion of missed appointments was 16.4% (95% CI 13.1% to 19.8%) in the text-message group (N 462) and 20.0% (95% CI 16.6% to 23.4%) in the control group (N 529), showing no significant effect of the intervention (p=0.346).ConclusionsIn our primary care youth clinic, text-message reminders are not effective in reducing the proportion of missed appointments. This may in part be due to the fact that most patients are referred by a professional or by their parents and do not initiate appointments themselves.
Dexmedetomidine: a safe alternative to general anesthesia for endovascular stroke treatment
Authors: Whalin Matthew K , Lopian Susan , Wyatt Katleen , Sun Chung-Huan J , Nogueira Raul G , Glenn Brenda A , Gershon Raphael Y , Gupta Rishi 
Published: June 2013

Background and purposeThere have been reports that general anesthesia (GA) is associated with worse clinical outcomes during intra-arterial treatment (IAT) for stroke. Since traditional sedatives carry the risk of respiratory depression, this retrospective study was designed to compare sedation with the α2adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) and with GA for IAT procedures.MethodsWe reviewed our institutional endovascular database of 216 consecutive patients who received DEX or GA for IAT of anterior circulation strokes between September 2010 and July 2012. The demographic, radiographic and angiographic variables between the GA and DEX groups were compared, as well as hemodynamic changes during the procedure. Binary logistic regression models were generated to determine the independent predictors of a favorable outcome (defined as a modified Rankin Score at 90 days of 0–2).Results83 patients had IAT performed under DEX sedation. Their demographic characteristics were similar to those given GA except that they were older and had less severe strokes. The GA group experienced greater variations in blood pressure, more hypotension with induction (54% vs 28%, p<0.001) and greater use of vasopressors (79% vs 58%, p<0.001). In our regression models, independent predictors of a good outcome included age, NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS), successful reperfusion, lower baseline systolic blood pressure and higher blood pressures during the procedure. DEX was associated with a good outcome when models included NIHSS as the sole measure of stroke severity but was equivalent to GA when ASPECTS was added to the analysis.ConclusionsDEX can be safely administered in patients undergoing endovascular reperfusion therapies. Further study is required to determine if outcomes are different among sedatives used during such procedures.
Relationship of Mesozoic graben development, stress, shortening magnitude, and structural style in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes
Authors: Tesón E. , Mora A. , Silva A. , Namson J. , Teixell A. , Castellanos J. , Casallas W. , Julivert M. , Taylor M. , Ibáñez-Mejía M. , Valencia V. A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We use the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia as an example in early stages of inversion orogen showing still modest values of shortening. The style of deformation recorded in this orogenic chain seems to be strongly influenced by two main factors. The first is the pre-compression geometry of the rift basin, conditioning the strong heterogeneity imparted by a trough filled with Jurassic to Neocomian sediments limited by Precambrian and Palaeozoic high-angle walls. The second factor is the orientation of the stress regime with respect to the main normal faults during the inversion. If the stress field is of pure compression, the normal faults are not extensively inverted and the deformation is accommodated mainly in terms of footwall shortcuts. On the other hand, in transpressive regimes the inversion of the former normal faults is more common and the footwall shortcuts are not dominant structures. No significant lateral variations in tectonic shortening are found in the Eastern Cordillera. Finally we emphasize the role of buckle folds in the internal parts of the inversion orogens and give a cautionary note when interpreting these structures in terms of fault-related folding using the well-documented example of the Soapaga fault area.
A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of the Eagle Basin, Colorado, USA
Authors: Small Bryan J. , Martz Jeffrey W. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

A small aetosaur skull and skeleton and referred material from the Chinle Formation, Eagle Basin of Colorado, USA, is described as a new taxon,
Stenomyti huangae
gen. et sp. nov, distinguished from other aetosaurs by the following autapomorphies: three premaxillary teeth; four palpebrals; pronounced midline ridge on frontals and parietals; paired ridges flanking midline ridge on parietal and frontal; exclusion of quadratojugal from ventral margin of skull by contact between jugal and quadrate; exclusion of postorbital from infratemporal fenestra; infratemporal fenestra a horizontally oriented oval that embays the posterior edge of the jugal; retroarticular process longer than distance between articular glenoid and posterior edge of external mandibular fenestra; oval to irregularly shaped ventral osteoderms that do not contact each other. Paramedian and lateral osteoderms of
S
.
huangae
are nearly identical to those of
Aetosaurus ferratus
, and other shared cranial characters suggest that these taxa are closely related and lie outside the clade Typothoracisinae + Desmatosuchinae. This discovery indicates that other reports of
Aetosaurus
across Laurasia based on osteoderms should be reassessed. Similar confusion with the osteoderms of other non-typothoracisine/desmatosuchine aetosaurs such as
Aetosauroides
,
Stagonolepis
and
Calyptosuchus
suggests that osteoderms are not always reliable taxonomic indicators.
Growth curve of
Aetosauroides scagliai
Casamiquela 1960 (Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) inferred from osteoderm histology
Authors: Taborda Jeremías R. A. , Cerda Ignacio A. , Desojo Julia B. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Recent palaeohistological studies on paramedian osteoderms of aetosaurs revealed the presence of growth lines (lines of arrested growth or LAGs) and a minimal or nonexistent secondary remodelling in the bone matrix of these elements. This feature allows the age of individuals to be estimated through growth line count. In the present contribution we study the growth curve of the South American aetosaur
Aetosauroides scagliai
. We estimated the age (obtained from LAG counting) and body size (body length and body mass were used as proxies) of different aetosaur specimens in order to reconstruct the growth curve of the South American species. The data obtained for
Aetosauroides scagliai
were compared with that of other aetosaurs, such as
Neoaetosauroides engaeus
,
Aetosaurus ferratus
,
Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis
,
Typothorax coccinarum
and
Paratypothorax
sp. Our results indicate that, if body length is considered as proxy, all studied aetosaur specimens have a similar or almost identical growth rate. However, important variations arose among aetosaur taxa if body mass is considered as proxy, which would be related to a body morphology ranging from slender (e.g.
Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis
) to very wide (
Typothorax coccinarum
) morphotypes. In comparison with extant pseudosuchians (i.e. crocodylians),
Aetosauroides scagliai
possesses a relatively lower growth rate.
Andesite petrogenesis by slab-derived plume pollution of a continental rift
Authors: Gómez-Tuena Arturo , Díaz-Bravo Beatriz , Vázquez-Duarte Alma , Pérez-Arvizu Ofelia , Mori Laura 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The western Mexican subduction zone is characterized by steep subduction of the Rivera plate, and by the existence of a continental rift at the rear arc under which the slab rests at >300 km deep. Mafic magmatism at the volcanic front is potassic lamprophyric, interpreted to be influenced by deep and hot slab melts or supercritical fluids. In contrast, mafic rocks at the rear arc are intraplate-like basalts that derive from low extents of melting of a dryer mantle source. Although a transition from a volcanic arc front to an extensional rear arc is apparent, calc-alkaline andesitic stratovolcanoes with trace element characteristics that suggest a key role of residual amphibole have been constructed at the rear arc during the past ∼200 ka. Crystal fractionation of basalts and partial melting of crustal amphibolites are not viable mechanisms for andesites, whereas melting of slab amphibolites beneath the rear arc is also problematic because the oceanic plate rests too deep. We thus suggest that andesites are partial melts of rising diapirs made by mixtures of hydrous mantle, sediments, and possibly eroded crustal blocks, which detach buoyantly from the downgoing slab as discrete plumes that ‘pollute’ the upwelling regime of a continental rift.
The Stromelysin‐1 5A/6A Promoter Polymorphism Is a Disease Marker for the Extent of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Schwarz Adelheid , Haberbosch Werner , Tillmanns Harald , Gardemann Andreas 
Published: June 2013

Background. Matrix metalloproteinases, such as stromelysin‐1, are implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI). A 5A/6A promoter polymorphism can regulate the transcription of the stromelysin‐1 gene in an allele‐specific manner. Evidence has been presented that the 6A allele is associated with the progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, the 5A allele may be linked to the risk of MI.Results. To analyse the relation of the 5A/6A polymorphism with the risk and severity of CHD and the risk of MI, a case‐control study of 515 healthy controls and 1848 participants who underwent coronary angiography for diagnostic purposes was conducted. In the total sample, the mean CHD scores—according to Gensini—were different between 5A/6A genotypes: 5A5A homozygotes had the lowest, 6A6A genotypes the highest and 5A6A heterozygotes intermediate scores. These differences were even more pronounced when the participants were restricted to individuals with a high coronary risk profile (high apoB levels, high Lp(a) levels, high glucose levels, combinations of either high apoB and Lp(a) levels or high apoB, Lp(a) and glucose plasma levels). Mean values were used as cut points for high‐risk populations, respectively. In contrast, the 5A allele was not associated with the risk of CHD or MI. Even when angiographically controlled individuals without MI were compared with MI patients in subpopulations of participants with no, single, double and triple vessel disease, the frequencies of the 5A/6A and/or the 5A5A genotypes were not higher in each subgroup, respectively.Conclusions. The present results do not confirm an association of the 5A allele with the risk of MI, observed in another investigation, but strengthen the hypothesis of earlier studies that the 6A allele is a disease marker for progression of coronary heart disease. Further investigations should evaluate whether 6A allele carriers and especially 6A homozygotes might benefit from a more aggressive therapy against CHD progression.
Non Classical HLA Genes and Non‐HLA Genes in a Population of Infants at Familial Risk of Atopy
Authors: De Silvestri A. , Belloni C. , De Amici M. , Mazzola P. , Zorzetto M. , Martinetti M. , Salvaneschi L. , Cuccia M. 
Published: June 2013

Aim: We investigated on parental history and IgE serum level in 2588 consecutive newborns to individuate babies “at risk” of atopy at birth and we analysed the polymorphisms of class III region to evaluate the association with immunogenetic markers of HLA: C4A, C4B, LTA, RAGE and TNFA genes; we performed TNF and IgE receptor (FCERB1) physiologically related gene polymorphisms.Result: 791 babies/2588 (30.6%) were considered “at risk” for atopy and followed‐up: 400 had familial history of atopy (at least one parent or sibling), 256 had IgE > 0.35 kUA/l at birth and during the follow‐up and 135 were positive for both conditions.The allele C4B2 was significantly more frequent in the sample of babies at risk (22.1% vs 10%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean value of IgE at birth in babies carrying the allele C4B2 was 2.26 KUA/l versus 0.74 KUA/l in those not carrying this allele (p = 0.01). No signiﬁcant association emerged for RAGE at the centromeric end of class III region and for LTA, TNFA at the telomeric one. TNFRI, TNFRII and FCERB1 gene polymorphisms also seemed not implicated.Conclusion: Our study confirms that HLA class III region seems involved in familial predisposition to atopy, and C4B gene probably acts as a marker of a more restricted subregion.
Higher Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is Associated with Extracellular Matrix Metalloprotease Inducer in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Tissue Microarray Analysis of Immunostaining Score with Clinicopathological Parameters
Authors: Jin Jong-Shiaw , Wu Chi-Ying , Lin Yeh-Feng , Wang Jia-Yi , Yu Cheng-Ping , Sheu Lai-Fa , Chiang Hung , Tsai Wen-Chiuan , Lee Wei-Hwa 
Published: June 2013

Aim: Extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (EMMPRIN) expression was demonstrated in several cancers, but its expression profile in colorectal cancers remains unclear. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was reported to regulate EMMPRIN expression in human epithelial cancers. Our purpose was to determine EMMPRIN expression and its relationship with EGFR in colorectal cancers.Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of EMMPRIN and EGFR was performed in tissue microarray slides of 90 surgical specimens including 32 well differentiated, 35 moderately differentiated, and 23 poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas.Results: All colorectal adenocarcinomas showed significant immunohistochemical expression of EMMPRIN. The EMMPRIN scores in poorly differentiated (303 ± 21) and moderately differentiated (326 ± 17) colorectal adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than in well differentiated (166 ± 20) colorectal adenocarcinoma. EGFR expression was mainly on the cell surface of tumor cells and the immunostaining scores of EGFR were significantly associated with the advanced clinical T and N stages. A significantly positive relationship between EMMPRIN and EGFR immunostaining scores was also noted.Conclusions: Increased expression of EMMPRIN and EGFR in colorectal adenocarcinomas is associated with clinicopathological parameters of advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma stages. In addition, the data from this study support the notion that EGFR expression may up-regulate EMMPRIN expression.