bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity and Change in Long Distance Corridor Walk Performance in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Authors: Lange‐Maia Brittney S. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Harris Tamara B. , Glynn Nancy W. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Brach Jennifer S. , Cauley Jane A. , Richey Phyllis A. , Schwartz Ann V. , Newman Anne B. ,   the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the prospective relationship between self‐reported physical activity and aerobic fitness in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC) using the Long Distance Corridor Walk (LDCW).DesignCohort study with 7 years of follow‐up.SettingTwo U.S. clinical sites.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults enrolled in Health ABC (N = 3,075, aged 70–79, 52% female, 42% black) with no self‐reported difficulty walking one‐quarter of a mile or climbing 10 steps.MeasurementsParticipants were classified based on a physical activity questionnaire as being inactive (≤1,000 kcal/wk exercise activity, ≤2,719 kcal/wk total physical activity), lifestyle active (≤1,000 kcal/wk exercise activity, >2,719 kcal/wk total physical activity), or exercisers (≥1,000 kcal/wk exercise activity). The LDCW, an endurance walking test (400 m), was administered at Years 1 (baseline), 2, 4, 6, and 8 to assess aerobic fitness.ResultsAt baseline, LDCW completion times (adjusted for age and sex) were 351.8 seconds (95% confidence interval (CI) = 346.9–356.8 seconds) for the inactive group, 335.9 seconds (95% CI = 332.7–339.1 seconds) for the lifestyle active group, and 307.7 seconds (95% CI = 303.2–312.3 seconds) for the exerciser group (P < .001). From baseline to Year 8, the inactive group slowed 36.1 seconds (95% CI = 28.4–43.8 seconds), the lifestyle active group slowed 38.1 seconds (95% CI = 33.6–42.4 seconds), and the exerciser group slowed 40.8 seconds (95% CI = 35.2–46.5 seconds), and did not differ significantly between groups. In linear mixed‐effects models, the rate of change in LDCW time did not differ between the groups, although exercisers consistently had the fastest completion times (P < .001 for all pairwise comparisons).ConclusionDecline in LDCW time occurred regardless of baseline activity, although exercisers maintained higher aerobic fitness, which may delay reaching a critically low threshold of aerobic fitness at which independence is impaired.
Levels of lipocalin‐2 in crevicular fluid and tear fluid in chronic periodontitis and obesity subjects
Authors: Pradeep Avani Raju , Nagpal Kanika , Karvekar Shruti , Patnaik Kaushik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimLipocalin‐2, a 25 kDa secretory glycoprotein, was first found in the neutrophilic granules of humans and in mouse kidney cells. It has been shown to have an important role in inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of lipocalin‐2 in gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid in patients with obesity and chronic periodontitis.MethodsA total of 40 subjects in the age group 25–40 years were divided into four groups based on probing depth, gingival index, clinical attachment level, body mass index, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. The groups were:

nonobese healthy group;

obese healthy group;

nonobese chronic periodontitis group;

obese chronic periodontitis group

Gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid samples were collected on the subsequent day.ResultsThere was an increase in lipocalin‐2 levels from group 1 to group 4 (with the nonobese healthy group showing the least levels and obese chronic periodontitis group showing the highest levels) in both gingival crevicular fluid and tear fluid.ConclusionLipocalin‐2 may be an important inflammatory marker that may help link obesity and chronic periodontitis.
Assessment of jawbone trabecular bone structure amongst osteoporotic women by cone‐beam computed tomography: the OSTEOSYR project
Authors: Barngkgei Imad , Al Haffar Iyad , Shaarani Eyad , Khattab Razan , Mashlah Ammar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the trabecular bone structure of jawbones and the dens (the odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra) amongst osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic women using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Analysis of the dens trabecular bone structure aimed to test the validity of CBCT in such analysis.MethodsThirty‐eight women who went under dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination were scanned by CBCT. Cuboids from different areas of jawbones and the dens were extracted from each scan. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.S), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), specific bone surface (BS/TV) and connectivity density were calculated. Student's t‐test, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression analysis were used to explore differences in these measures between groups.ResultsJawbone‐derived measures showed insignificant differences (P > 0.05) between osteoporotic and non‐osteoporotic groups, and weak correlations with femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae T‐scores (r ≤ 0.4). Dens‐derived measures, however, resulted in the opposite (r = 0.34–0.38 [P value = 0.02–0.036] and r = 0.48–0.61 [P value ≤ 0.003]) and the highest accuracy of osteoporosis prediction: 84.2% and 78.9% respectively.ConclusionTrabecular bone structure of the mandible and maxilla is not affected in osteoporosis as assessed by CBCT. Dens trabecular bone analysis revealed the opposite, so some trabecular bone measures may be assessed by CBCT, which may aid in predicting osteoporosis.
Addressing the burden of stroke caregivers: a literature review
Authors: Camak Deborah Jacks 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesTo examine the empirical literature regarding the risk of burden experienced by the older adult caregiver of the stroke survivor. The scope of this review was limited to older adult family members caring for older adult stroke survivors as evidenced in the literature written between the years of 2009–2014.BackgroundThis article will explore published research within the past five years (2009–2014) that addresses the issue of burden among older adult caregivers of stroke survivors in addition to the implication for the changes needed within the nursing profession to mitigating the burden experienced by the caregiver. Many stroke survivors are in their 6th decade of life or older, with caregivers approximately the same age. This literature review specifically focuses on the role of nursing and the issue of caregiver burden.DesignLiterature Review.MethodsA review of the literature published between 2009–2014 related to the lived experience of caregivers of stroke survivors and the role of nursing related to mitigating caregiver burden.ResultsNumerous factors impact the lived experience of caregivers providing care for the stroke survivor. Assuming the role of caregiver has an inherent risk which can result in health compromises for the caregiver. It is the responsibility of the nurse to assess, design interventions and provide education to prepare the caregiver for the demands of the role.ConclusionsThe literature review has shown that research regarding the risk of caregiver burden and the resulting health compromise is scarce. In addition, there is a lack of evidence‐based nursing interventions aimed at assuaging the risk of caregiver burden.Relevance to clinical practiceCaregiver stress culminating in burden is commonly a reason for the eventual institutionalisation of the stroke survivor. Critically assessing and providing for the physical, psychosocial and educational support needs of stroke caregivers will assist in mitigating the daily burden experienced by the caregiver. Caregiver burden often results in psychological and physical health compromise for the caregiver. This literature review will address the role of the caregiver and the responsibilities of nursing to meet the needs of the caregiver.
Effectiveness of nurse‐led early discharge planning programmes for hospital inpatients with chronic disease or rehabilitation needs: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Qin‐Mei , Liu Jia , Hu Hong‐Yi , Wang Su 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesTo compare the effectiveness of nurse‐led early discharge planning programmes to standard care for inpatients with chronic disease or rehabilitation needs.BackgroundNurse‐directed early discharge planning could shorten inpatient stays and reduce medical costs; however, it is not known whether the development of discharge planning programmes is effective for inpatients with chronic disease nor how such programmes might be optimally organised.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThe PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing nurse‐directed discharge planning for inpatients with chronic disease or rehabilitation needs. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were conducted for the eligible studies by RevMan 5.2.6. Data were pooled using a fixed‐effect or random effects model. Where meta‐analysis was not possible, narrative analysis was reported.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials and 3438 participants were included. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that, compared to standard care, early discharge planning programmes are effective in reducing hospital readmission rates, duration of inpatient readmissions and all‐cause mortality. However, no reduction in the length of stay of the index admission was demonstrated. Narrative analysis suggested that discharge planning may reduce total and readmission costs, as well as improving patients’ satisfaction and overall quality of life.ConclusionsCompared to standard care, nurse‐led early discharge planning programmes have a positive impact on several aspects of care for inpatients with chronic disease and rehabilitation requirements, including reducing readmission, readmission length of stay and mortality and improving quality of life. These findings should be taken into account in future health service policy development.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings are relevant to clinical and managerial staff in formulating and implementing discharge planning programmes for inpatients with chronic disease or rehabilitation needs.
Scope of practice decision making: findings from a national survey of Irish nurses and midwives
Authors: Fealy Gerard , Casey Mary , Rohde Daniela , Brady Anne‐Marie , Hegarty Josephine , Kennedy Catriona , McNamara Martin , O'Reilly Pauline , Prizeman Geraldine 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim was to examine and describe aspects of the current scope of practice among nurses and midwives in Ireland. The objective was to describe practitioners' decision making associated with the scope of practice.BackgroundRegulatory frameworks on the scope of practice describe the roles and activities an individual registrant is permitted to undertake in the course of professional practice. Research into the scope of practice has examined practitioners' perspectives on particular frameworks or their experiences of practice expansion, and suggests that frameworks are helpful in guiding practitioners; however, local circumstances and practitioner competence often determine scope of practice.DesignA national postal survey of registered nurses and midwives was conducted to elicit self‐reports of current scope of practice.MethodsA stratified random sample of 2354 registered nurses and midwives in Ireland were surveyed using the Scope‐Q, a 64‐item self‐report questionnaire.ResultsWhile over half of the respondents consulted others when making scope of practice decisions, the majority relied on their own professional judgement, acted only when they believed that they were competent to act, and recognised the limitations of their own competence. Although a small number of statistically significant associations were observed between respondents' age and self‐reported scope of practice, respondents' current scope of practice was independent of either grade or gender.ConclusionsWhen making a decision about scope of practice, practitioners may consult other resources, including published frameworks, professional colleagues and line managers; however, most particularly, older, more experienced practitioners, rely on their own professional judgement when making scope of practice decisions.Relevance to clinical practiceWhile published scope of practice frameworks guide practitioners on how they may act in circumstances of uncertainty, regulatory authorities should continue to emphasise individual accountability and self‐reliance in everyday decision making, so that practitioners' actions are grounded in local circumstances and self‐assessed practitioner competence.
Association between tongue and lip functions and masticatory performance in young dentate adults
Authors: Yamada A. , Kanazawa M. , Komagamine Y. , Minakuchi S. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMotor functions of masticatory organs such as the tongue, lips, cheeks and mandible are known to deteriorate with age, thereby influencing masticatory performance. However, there are few reports on the relationships between tongue and lip functions and masticatory performance. To investigate the relationship between tongue and lip functions and comprehensive masticatory performance, by evaluating crushing, mixing and shearing abilities in young dentate adults. Participants comprised 51 dentate adults with a mean age of 25 years. Maximum tongue pressure and oral diadochokinesis were measured to evaluate tongue and lip functions. A multiple sieving method using peanuts was performed to evaluate crushing ability. A colour‐changeable chewing gum was performed to evaluate mixing ability. A test gummy jelly was performed to evaluate shearing ability. The relationship between tongue and lip functions and each masticatory performance was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of crushing ability. Crushing ability was significantly correlated with maximum tongue pressure and the number of repetitions of the syllables /pa/, /ta/ and /ka/. Maximum tongue pressure and number of repetitions of the syllable /pa/ were identified as significant predictors for crushing ability. Mixing ability was significantly correlated with the number of repetitions of the syllable /pa/. Shearing ability was not significantly correlated with tongue and lip functions. Masticatory performance during the chewing of brittle foods such as peanuts and solid foods such as chewing gum appears to be correlated with tongue and lip functions.
Functions of melatonin in plants: a review
Authors: Arnao Marino B. , Hernández‐Ruiz Josefa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe number of studies on melatonin in plants has increased significantly in recent years. This molecule, with a large set of functions in animals, has also shown great potential in plant physiology. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology of higher plants. Its role as antistress agent against abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, low and high ambient temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is analyzed. The latest data on their role in plant–pathogen interactions are also discussed. Both abiotic and biotic stresses produce a significant increase in endogenous melatonin levels, indicating its possible role as effector in these situations. The existence of endogenous circadian rhythms in melatonin levels has been demonstrated in some species, and the data, although limited, suggest a central role of this molecule in the day/night cycles in plants. Finally, another aspect that has led to a large volume of research is the involvement of melatonin in aspects of plant development regulation. Although its role as a plant hormone is still far of from being fully established, its involvement in processes such as growth, rhizogenesis, and photosynthesis seems evident. The multiple changes in gene expression caused by melatonin point to its role as a multiregulatory molecule capable of coordinating many aspects of plant development. This last aspect, together with its role as an alleviating‐stressor agent, suggests that melatonin is an excellent prospect for crop improvement.
Sequencing type material resolves the identity and distribution of the generitype Lithophyllum incrustans, and related European species L. hibernicum and L. bathyporum (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Hernandez‐Kantun Jazmin J. , Rindi Fabio , Adey Walter H. , Heesch Svenja , Peña Viviana , Le Gall Line , Gabrielson Paul W. 
Published: June 2015

DNA sequences from type material in the nongeniculate coralline genus Lithophyllum were used to unambiguously link some European species names to field‐collected specimens, thus providing a great advance over morpho‐anatomical identifi‐cation. In particular, sequence comparisons of rbcL, COI and psbA genes from field‐collected specimens allowed the following conclusion: the generitype species, L. incrustans, occurs mostly as subtidal rhodoliths and crusts on both Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, and not as the common, NE Atlantic, epilithic, intertidal crust reported in the literature. The heterotypic type material of L. hibernicum was narrowed to one rhodolith belonging in Lithophyllum. As well as occurring as a subtidal rhodolith, L. hibernicum is a common, epilithic and epizoic crust in the intertidal zone from Ireland south to Mediterranean France. A set of four features distinguished L. incrustans from L. hibernicum, including epithallial cell diameter, pore canal shape of sporangial conceptacles and sporangium height and diameter. An rbcL sequence of the lectotype of Lithophyllum bathyporum, which was recently proposed to accommodate Atlantic intertidal collections of L. incrustans, corresponded to a distinct taxon hitherto known only from Brittany as the subtidal, bisporangial, lectotype, but also occurs intertidally in Atlantic Spain. Specimens from Ireland and France morpho‐anatomically identified as L. fasciculatum and a specimen from Cornwall likewise identified as L. duckerae were resolved as L. incrustans and L. hibernicum, respectively.
The association between clinical periodontal parameters and free haem concentration within the gingival crevicular fluid: a pilot study
Authors: Liu L. Y. , McGregor N. , Wong B. K. J. , Butt H. , Darby I. B. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the concentration of local free haem in gingival crevicular fluid at periodontally healthy compared with diseased sites in relation to clinical periodontal parameters. The second objective is to investigate for any correlation between smoking and haem concentration.Material and MethodsClinical parameters were recorded for two healthy and two diseased sites from 22 patients with untreated periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the same sites. Haem assay analysis was undertaken to determine haem concentration at these sites.ResultsGingival crevicular fluid haem concentration was higher at periodontally diseased sites compared to healthy sites (mean 46.6 ± 70.6 nm in healthy vs. 1116.6 ± 2007.0 nm in diseased sites, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with probing pocket depth, attachment level and radiographic bone loss. Gingival crevicular fluid haem concentration was higher in non‐smokers compared with smokers. However, no significant difference in correlation between haem concentration and clinical parameters were seen between smokers and non‐smokers (p > 0.3).ConclusionThe higher concentration of gingival crevicular fluid haem at diseased compared with healthy sites indicates that there is an association between increased levels of local free haem and periodontal disease. This may be through the pro‐inflammatory actions of free haem. Further study on a larger scale is required to determine the influence of smoking between haem concentration and clinical parameters.
Root surface modifiers and subepithelial connective tissue graft for treatment of gingival recessions: a systematic review
Authors: Karam P. S. B. H. , Sant'Ana A. C. P. , de Rezende M. L. R. , Greghi S. L. A. , Damante C. A. , Zangrando M. S. R. 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectiveMany techniques and flap designs have been used to treat gingival recession by root coverage, but subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) seems to be the gold standard procedure. In an attempt to improve the healing process and increase the success rate of root coverage, some authors have used root modifiers, including different root conditioners, lasers, EMD, recombinant human growth factors and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of root biomodification in clinical outcomes of gingival recessions treated with SCTG.Material and MethodsStudies reporting SCTG associated with any form of root surface biomodification for root coverage of gingival recessions (Miller Class I and Class II) were considered as eligible for inclusion. Studies needed to have data of clinical outcomes in a follow up of at least 6 months. Screening of the articles, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.ResultsNone of the products evaluated (citric acid, EDTA, PRP, lasers and EMD) showed evident benefits in clinical outcomes. Test and control groups presented similar outcomes related to root coverage and periodontal parameters, with no statistical differences between them. The exception was root biomodification with the neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, which impaired root coverage and had a detrimental effect on clinical outcomes.ConclusionBased on the present clinical data, the use of root surface modifiers to improve clinical outcomes in gingival recessions treated with SCTG is not justified. More in vivo studies, and randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and extended follow up, are necessary.
Banded mongooses avoid inbreeding when mating with members of the same natal group
Authors: Sanderson Jennifer L. , Wang Jinliang , Vitikainen Emma I. K. , Cant Michael A. , Nichols Hazel J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInbreeding and inbreeding avoidance are key factors in the evolution of animal societies, influencing dispersal and reproductive strategies which can affect relatedness structure and helping behaviours. In cooperative breeding systems, individuals typically avoid inbreeding through reproductive restraint and/or dispersing to breed outside their natal group. However, where groups contain multiple potential mates of varying relatedness, strategies of kin recognition and mate choice may be favoured. Here, we investigate male mate choice and female control of paternity in the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), a cooperatively breeding mammal where both sexes are often philopatric and mating between relatives is known to occur. We find evidence suggestive of inbreeding depression in banded mongooses, indicating a benefit to avoiding breeding with relatives. Successfully breeding pairs were less related than expected under random mating, which appeared to be driven by both male choice and female control of paternity. Male banded mongooses actively guard females to gain access to mating opportunities, and this guarding behaviour is preferentially directed towards less closely related females. Guard–female relatedness did not affect the guard's probability of gaining reproductive success. However, where mate‐guards are unsuccessful, they lose paternity to males that are less related to the females than themselves. Together, our results suggest that both sexes of banded mongoose use kin discrimination to avoid inbreeding. Although this strategy appears to be rare among cooperative breeders, it may be more prominent in species where relatedness to potential mates is variable, and/or where opportunities for dispersal and mating outside of the group are limited.