bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Theory and Working With Group Dynamics in Debriefing
Authors: Hermann Kristina 
Published: August 2015

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to show how the group-dynamic approach, as developed by the social psychologist Kurt Lewin in his field theory, deepens learning during the debriefing phase. Design/Methodology/Approach. This article offers insight into Lewin’s field theory and its main principles for social learning within groups by addressing the group dynamics of simulation and gaming. We discuss the potential gains of using emerging group dynamics, and present concrete methodological suggestions. Findings. Seen from a systemic-constructivist view, group conflicts often mirror those in organizational, contextual, or social settings. These conflicts and contradictions can be made visible through emotions. Connecting emotions and simulation dynamics makes the insights for participants more relevant and easily transferable to real life situations. Limitations/Implications. Lewin’s ideas have spread widely, and many researchers have worked to develop them further. Lewin’s thoughts seem to be integral to Simulation & Gaming, although links to his work are not often cited or mentioned explicitly. Despite his theory’s apparent impact on much of gaming and simulation, many gamers still fail to integrate principles of group dynamics in game and debriefing design. Originality/Value. Group dynamics during simulations are often close to real life experiences and can be very demanding. Facilitators may link group dynamics to the content of the simulation, thereby deepening social learning and the understanding of complex systems.
Time Delay of CGM Sensors
Authors: Schmelzeisen-Redeker Günther , Schoemaker Michael , Kirchsteiger Harald , Freckmann Guido , Heinemann Lutz , del Re Luigi 
Published: August 2015

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a powerful tool to support the optimization of glucose control of patients with diabetes. However, CGM systems measure glucose in interstitial fluid but not in blood. Rapid changes in one compartment are not accompanied by similar changes in the other, but follow with some delay. Such time delays hamper detection of, for example, hypoglycemic events. Our aim is to discuss the causes and extent of time delays and approaches to compensate for these. Methods: CGM data were obtained in a clinical study with 37 patients with a prototype glucose sensor. The study was divided into 5 phases over 2 years. In all, 8 patients participated in 2 phases separated by 8 months. A total number of 108 CGM data sets including raw signals were used for data analysis and were processed by statistical methods to obtain estimates of the time delay. Results: Overall mean (SD) time delay of the raw signals with respect to blood glucose was 9.5 (3.7) min, median was 9 min (interquartile range 4 min). Analysis of time delays observed in the same patients separated by 8 months suggests a patient dependent delay. No significant correlation was observed between delay and anamnestic or anthropometric data. The use of a prediction algorithm reduced the delay by 4 minutes on average. Conclusions: Prediction algorithms should be used to provide real-time CGM readings more consistent with simultaneous measurements by SMBG. Patient specificity may play an important role in improving prediction quality.
Exercise in Pregnancy
Authors: Hinman Sally K. , Smith Kristy B. , Quillen David M. , Smith M. Seth 
Published: August 2015

Context: Health professionals who care for pregnant women should discuss potential health benefits and harms of exercise. Although most pregnant women do not meet minimal exercise recommendations, there are a growing number of physically active women who wish to continue training throughout pregnancy. Evidence Acquisition: A search of the Web of Science database of articles and reviews available in English through 2014. The search terms exercise pregnancy, strenuous exercise pregnancy, and vigorous exercise pregnancy were used. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Results: With proper attention to risk stratification and surveillance, exercise is safe for the mother and fetus. Benefits of exercise in pregnancy include reduction in Cesarean section rates, appropriate maternal and fetal weight gain, and managing gestational diabetes. Exercise as a means of preventing gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, or perinatal depression cannot be reliably supported. Overall, the current evidence suffers from a lack of rigorous study design and compliance with physical activity interventions. Conclusion: Research thus far has been unable to consistently demonstrate proposed benefits of exercise in pregnancy, such as preventing gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, or perinatal depression. However, moderate- and high-intensity exercise in normal pregnancies is safe for the developing fetus and clearly has several important benefits. Thus, exercise should be encouraged according to the woman’s preconception physical activity level.
Cerebral vascular malformations: Time-resolved CT angiography compared to DSA
Authors: Shankar Jai Jai Shiva , Lum Cheemun , Chakraborty Santanu , dos Santos Marlise P 
Published: August 2015

Purpose The purpose of this article is to prospectively test the hypothesis that time-resolved CT angiography (TRCTA) on a Toshiba 320-slice CT scanner enables the same characterization of cerebral vascular malformation (CVM) including arteriovenous malformation (AVM), dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) and developmental venous anomaly (DVA) compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Materials and methods Eighteen (eight males, 10 females) consecutive patients (11 AVM, four DAVF, one PAVF, and two DVA) underwent 19 TRCTA (Aquillion one, Toshiba) for suspected CVM diagnosed on routine CT or MRI. One patient with a dural AVF underwent TRCTA and DSA twice before and after treatment. Of the 18 patients, 13 were followed with DSA (Artis, Siemens) within two months of TRCTA. Twenty-three sequential volume acquisitions of the whole head were acquired after injection of 50 ml contrast at the rate of 4 ml/sec. Two patients with DVA did not undergo DSA. Two TRCTA were not assessed because of technical problems. TRCTAs were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists and DSA by two other neuroradiologists and graded according to the Spetzler-Martin classification, Borden classification, overall diagnostic quality, and level of confidence. Weighted kappa coefficients ( k) were calculated to compare reader’s assessment of DSA vs TRCTA. Results There was excellent ( k = 0.83 and 1) to good ( k = 0.56, 0.61, 0.65 and 0.67) agreement between the different possible pairs of neuroradiologists for the assessment of vascular malformations. Conclusion TRCTA may be a sufficient noninvasive substitute for conventional DSA in certain clinical situations.
Endovascular embolization of pial arteriovenous fistula fed from P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery in 12 years old girl: case report and review of literature
Authors: Bongetta Daniele , Lafe Elvis , Pugliese Raffaelino , Cattalani Andrea , Gaetani Paolo , Thyrion Federico Zappoli 
Published: August 2015

Objective Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare vascular lesions with peculiar epidemiological, morphological, and pathophysiological characteristics. Since there is no nidus, PAVF treatment has been performed by direct disconnection of the arteriovenous communication via a surgical, endovascular, or a combined approach. We aim to outline the relevant variables to consider in planning an endovascular treatment strategy. Methods We present a case of a 12 year old girl with a single feeder PAVF originating from the first segment (P1) of the left posterior cerebral artery with a varicose venous drainage into the right cavernous sinus. Results We report the successful endovascular exclusion of the fistula with the release of a total of 27 detachable platinum coils with no complications at follow-up. Treatment strategy and nuances are discussed along with a review of the literature. Conclusions Morphology, age, embolization strategies, and materials are the different variables to be analyzed in the endovascular treatment of such lesions.
Costello syndrome: Analysis of the posterior cranial fossa in children with posterior fossa crowding
Authors: Calandrelli Rosalinda , D’Apolito Gabriella , Panfili Marco , Zampino Giuseppe , Tartaglione Tommaso , Colosimo Cesare 
Published: August 2015

This study aimed to assess changes in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) to shed light on the mechanism of cerebellar herniation in children with Costello syndrome (CS) and posterior fossa crowding. We performed a morphovolumetric PCF analysis on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in seven children with CS (mean age 31 ± 16 months) comparing the MRI scans with those of seven age-matched healthy subjects. PCF volume (PCFV), PCF brain volume (PCFBV) and cerebellar volume (CeV) were assessed on axial T2-weighted MRI. Morphometric parameters (diameters of the foramen magnum, tentorial angle, basiocciput, supraocciput, basisphenoid and exocciput lengths) were measured on sagittal T1-weighted MRI. The volume of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces was calculated as PCFV minus PCFBV. Five out of seven CS children showed tonsillar herniation in the upper cervical canal; no child had hydrocephalus but three out of seven children showed ventriculomegaly. In addition, the PCFV/PCFBV ratio, PCFV, CSF spaces volume, basiocciput, basisphenoid and exocciput lengths and latero-lateral and antero-posterior diameters of the foramen magnum were significantly reduced, whereas no significant changes were found in supraocciput length, PCFBV, CeV or hindbrain volume The volumetric reduction of the PCF due to bony posterior fossa hypoplasia is a predisposing factor for developing cerebellar tonsillar herniation through the foramen magnum in children with CS. The altered anatomy of the foramen magnum and upward expansion of the PCF secondary to an increased tentorial slope serves to explain the possible mechanism of cerebellar herniation in patients with CS.
Does evaluator experience have an impact on the diagnosis of lumbar spine instability in dynamic MRI? Interobserver agreement study
Authors: Patriarca Lucia , Letteriello Mayla , Di Cesare Ernesto , Barile Antonio , Gallucci Massimo , Splendiani Alessandra 
Published: August 2015

Objectives We aimed to evaluate interobserver agreement in the definition of spine instability among spine neuroradiologists with or without experience in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and methods Two expert neuroradiologists and two residents retrospectively evaluated the pre-operative dynamic MRI examinations of patients with vertebral instability. Segmental motion, defined as excessive (more than 3 mm) translational motion from supine to upright, was investigated in 103 subjects (309 segments) using kinetic MRI. Radiographic parameters which can help indicate segmental instability include disc degeneration, facet joint osteoarthritis, and ligament flavum hypertrophy. These three radiographic parameters were simultaneously evaluated, and the combinations corresponding to significant segmental instability at each level were determined. The agreement among the neuroradiologists was calculated using the kappa coefficient. All patients had neurosurgical intervention to stabilize the spine. Results Agreement was high among experienced and non-experienced neuroradiologists. Agreement was nearly perfect for spinal location of spinal instability. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the experience of the evaluator has a low impact on the assessment of spinal instability if correct classification is used. The interobserver agreement confirms the usefulness and safety of kinetic MRI in the correct diagnosis of spinal instability even by less experienced evaluators.
Perforation of superior thyroid artery by guidewire during carotid artery stenting
Authors: Nomura Motohiro , Mori Kentaro , Seki Shunsuke 
Published: August 2015

Background and aim Although carotid artery stenting (CAS) has become a common treatment for carotid artery stenosis, some complications occur related to the procedures. Perforation of an external carotid artery (ECA) branch is a rare complication. Case description An 83-year-old man presented with gait disturbance and dysarthria. MRI demonstrated a fresh cerebral infarction in the watershed territory of the left cerebrum and severe stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). He underwent CAS for the left ICA stenosis. After the procedure, the patient complained of discomfort of the throat. Swelling of the neck was observed and angiography showed extravasation of contrast medium from the superior thyroid artery. The patient was immediately sedated and intubated. Strict control of the blood pressure was continued. Two days after CAS, the tracheal tube was extracted. He was discharged without deficit on the 17th post-stenting day. Conclusion Injury of ECA branches is a potential complication when a guidewire is inserted during advancement of the materials. It may be life threatening due to associated respiratory problems. Once bleeding from the ECA is suspected, close observation of the patient’s neck and respiration and immediate intervention are necessary.
Brain atrophy and physical disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A volumetric study
Authors: Galego Orlando , Gouveia Ana , Batista Sónia , Moura Cristina , Machado Egídio 
Published: August 2015

Grey matter atrophy has been shown in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), but its association with physical incapacity is unclear. We submitted 19 patients with PPMS to a neurological evaluation and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetric analysis using FreeSurfer. We found no relation between the Expanded Disability Status Scale or disease duration and the grey matter or white matter structures analysed. Lesion load was negatively correlated with cortical and subcortical grey matter volumes, but not with total white matter volume. We concluded that physical disability in PPMS is not directly related to brain atrophy and that focal inflammatory white matter lesions may contribute to progressive neuronal degeneration. Long abstract Introduction: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is characterized by chronic progression since onset, with predominant involvement of the spinal cord and prominent neurodegeneration. Grey matter atrophy has been shown in patients with PPMS, but its association with clinical incapacity is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between regional brain atrophy and physical disability in patients with PPMS. Methods Patients with an established diagnosis of PPMS underwent a neurological evaluation followed by brain MRI at 1.5 T. Volumetric analysis was performed with FreeSurfer software, and evaluated the neocortex, total white matter, total subcortical grey matter, putamen, caudate, globus pallidus, thalamus, hippocampus, brainstem, corpus callosum and pre-central gyrus volumes. Clinical data obtained included physical disability as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results Nineteen patients were included, 14 female (73.7%), mean age of 55.7 (SD 7.6) and mean disease duration of 13.0 years (SD 8.8). Median EDSS score was 6.0 (3.5–8.0). The average T1 lesion load (4.9 cm3, SD 3.4) and T2 load (10.5 cm3, SD 9.9) did not relate to disease duration. There was no significant correlation between EDSS score or disease duration and the cortical grey matter, deep grey matter or white matter structures analysed. Lesion load was negatively correlated with cortical and subcortical grey matter volumes ( p < 0.05), but not with total white matter volume. Conclusions Physical disability in PPMS is not directly related to brain volume loss. Grey matter atrophy correlates with lesion load in patients with PPMS, indicating that focal inflammatory white matter lesions may contribute to progressive neuronal degeneration.
Physiological and condition-related traits in the gynogenetic-sexual Carassius auratus complex: different investments promoting the coexistence of two reproductive forms?
Authors: Šimková Andrea , Hyršl Pavel , Halačka Karel , Vetešník Lukáš 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundCarassius auratus complexis an extraordinary species complex including the diploid and polyploid forms exhibiting asexual and sexual reproduction modes. The coexistence of both forms in the same habitats is currently reported. The stable coexistence of asexual and sexual forms assumes some disadvantages for asexuals that balance the costs of sex. In our study, we hypothesized and tested the differences in physiological (including heamatological and immunological), growth-related, condition-related, and fitness-related traits between gynogenetic females and sexuals.ResultsOur results revealed similar growth performance in gynogenetic females and sexuals measured by body size and weight, or expressed by condition factor. The energy allocation in reproduction measured by the relative size of gonads revealed no difference between gynogenetic and sexual females; in addition, both females in spawning expressed the same estradiol levels in blood plasma. We found a gender specific trade-off between investment in reproduction and immunocompetence (measured by the spleen-somatic index). Higher aerobic performance expressed by the heart index and higher oxygen-carrying capacity were found in sexual males, with increasing values before and during spawning. Our study evidenced significantly lower aerobic performance but higher oxygen-carrying capacity per erythrocyte in gynogenetic females when compared to sexuals. IgM production differed between gynogens and sexuals ofC. auratuscomplex.ConclusionsOur study indicates that a similar amount of energy is invested by both gynogenetic and sexual females ofC. auratuscomplex in reproductive behaviour. We suggest that lower aerobic performance in gynogens may represent their physiological disadvantage balancing the cost of sexual reproduction. A trade-off between the number of erythrocytes and the oxygen-carrying capacity per erythrocyte in sexual males and gynogenetic females may contribute to the coexistence of gynogenetic and sexual forms. In addition, the differences in specific immunity between gynogens and sexuals may also reduce the evolutionary disadvantage of sexual reproduction. In conclusion, we propose that several mechanisms contribute to the coexistence of the gynogenetic-sexualC. auratuscomplex.
Wireless indoor network planning for advanced exposure and installation cost minimization
Authors: Liu Ning , Plets David , Vanhecke Kris , Martens Luc , Joseph Wout 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe possibility of having information access anytime and anywhere has caused a huge increase of the popularity of wireless networks. Requirements of users and owners have been ever-increasing. However, concerns about the potential health impact of exposure to radio frequency (RF) sources have arisen and are getting accounted for in wireless network planning. In addition to adequate coverage and reduced human exposure, the installation cost of the wireless network is also an important criterion in the planning process. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm is used to optimize indoor wireless network planning while satisfying three demands: maximum coverage, minimal full installation cost (cabling, cable gutters, drilling holes, labor, etc.), and minimal human exposure. For the first time, wireless indoor networks are being optimized based on these advanced and realistic conditions. The algorithm is investigated for three scenarios and for different configurations. The impact of different exposure requirements and cost scenarios is assessed.
Bilateral image denoising in the Laplacian subbands
Authors: Jin Bora , You Su Jeong , Cho Nam Ik 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an image denoising algorithm, which applies bilateral filtering (BLF) in the Laplacian subbands. It is noted that the subband images have wider area of photometric similarity than the original, and hence, they can be more benefited by the BLF than the original. Specifically, an image is Gaussian filtered to obtain a low band image, and the low band image is subtracted from the original to have the high band signal, which forms the Laplacian subbands. For the high band image denoising, we derive an adaptive kernel that is dependent on the edge intensity and photometric similarity of subband images. The high band image is convolved with this kernel and then added to the denoised low band signal, which produces the denoised image. We also propose to process the denoised high band signal by the gradient histogram preservation method, for sharpening the edges with less noise amplification. Experimental results show that the proposed denoising method provides higher PSNR than the original BLF and other multi-resolution denoising algorithms. Since the high band image is also effectively denoised in this process, the sharpened image by high band modification is also visually more pleasing when compared with the results of the conventional sharpening methods.
LINKS: Scalable, alignment-free scaffolding of draft genomes with long reads
Authors: Warren René L. , Yang Chen , Vandervalk Benjamin P. , Behsaz Bahar , Lagman Albert , Jones Steven J. M. , Birol Inanç 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Owing to the complexity of the assembly problem, we do not yet have complete genome sequences. The difficulty in assembling reads into finished genomes is exacerbated by sequence repeats and the inability of short reads to capture sufficient genomic information to resolve those problematic regions. In this regard, established and emerging long read technologies show great promise, but their current associated higher error rates typically require computational base correction and/or additional bioinformatics pre-processing before they can be of value.

Results
We present LINKS, the Long Interval Nucleotide K-mer Scaffolder algorithm, a method that makes use of the sequence properties of nanopore sequence data and other error-containing sequence data, to scaffold high-quality genome assemblies, without the need for read alignment or base correction. Here, we show how the contiguity of an ABySS Escherichia coli K-12 genome assembly can be increased greater than five-fold by the use of beta-released Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd. long reads and how LINKS leverages long-range information in Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303 nanopore reads to yield assemblies whose resulting contiguity and correctness are on par with or better than that of competing applications. We also present the re-scaffolding of the colossal white spruce (Picea glauca) draft assembly (PG29, 20 Gbp) and demonstrate how LINKS scales to larger genomes.

Conclusions
This study highlights the present utility of nanopore reads for genome scaffolding in spite of their current limitations, which are expected to diminish as the nanopore sequencing technology advances. We expect LINKS to have broad utility in harnessing the potential of long reads in connecting high-quality sequences of small and large genome assembly drafts.