bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The institutional structure of production revisited
Authors: ROSSI ENRICO 
Published: January 2015

Abstract:This paper revisits Coase's original description of the Institutional Structure of Production, and disentangles its two constitutive elements: (i) the costs of organizing an activity internally and (ii) the costs deriving from the transaction of the activity on the market. In doing so, I show transaction costs (TC) to be always necessary and sufficient to explain institutions, but only in the Slutsky–Hicks and Samuelson ordinal framework where expenditure functions replace utility functions and actors merely transact services and never control, nor own goods. Yet, if actors can purchase (and therefore control) resources, utility in use cannot be univocally deduced from purchasing behaviours; here ordinal exchange theory must be replaced by Austrian subjective cardinal value theory, where value in use and value in exchange do not coincide. To explain the allocation of activities among firms in this case, actors’ subjective opportunity costs are thus always necessary (and possibly sufficient), while TC are never sufficient. This distinction has fundamental implications for at least two main developments of Coase's original insights: the relationship among competition, socialist planning and the nature of the firm, and the reinterpretation of the Austrian concept of asset specificity in contemporary institutional and organizational economics (OE).
Regulation of T-cell activation and migration by the kinase TBK1 during neuroinflammation
Authors: Yu Jiayi , Zhou Xiaofei , Chang Mikyoung , Nakaya Mako , Chang Jae-Hoon , Xiao Yichuan , William Lindsey J. , Dorta-Estremera Stephanie , Cao Wei , Zal Anna , Zal Tomasz , Sun Shao-Cong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDevelopment of an immune or autoimmune response involves T-cell activation in lymphoid organs and subsequent migration to peripheral tissues. Here we show that T-cell-specific ablation of the kinase TBK1 promotes T-cell activation but causes retention of effector T cells in the draining lymph node in a neuroinflammatory autoimmunity model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). At older ages, the T-cell-conditional TBK1-knockout mice also spontaneously accumulate T cells with activated phenotype. TBK1 controls the activation of AKT and its downstream kinase mTORC1 by a mechanism involving TBK1-stimulated AKT ubiquitination and degradation. The deregulated AKT-mTORC1 signalling in turn contributes to enhanced T-cell activation and impaired effector T-cell egress from draining lymph nodes. Treatment of mice with a small-molecule inhibitor of TBK1 inhibits EAE induction. These results suggest a role for TBK1 in regulating T-cell migration and establish TBK1 as a regulator of the AKT-mTORC1 signalling axis.
The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 is a cell-autonomous regulator of oligodendrocyte development
Authors: Giera Stefanie , Deng Yiyu , Luo Rong , Ackerman Sarah D. , Mogha Amit , Monk Kelly R. , Ying Yanqin , Jeong Sung-Jin , Makinodan Manabu , Bialas Allison R. , Chang Bernard S. , Stevens Beth , Corfas Gabriel , Piao Xianhua 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMutations inGPR56, a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family, cause a human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of BFPP brains reveals myelination defects in addition to brain malformation. However, the cellular role of GPR56 in oligodendrocyte development remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that loss ofGpr56leads to hypomyelination of the central nervous system in mice. GPR56 levels are abundant throughout early stages of oligodendrocyte development, but are downregulated in myelinating oligodendrocytes.Gpr56-knockout mice manifest with decreased oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation and diminished levels of active RhoA, leading to fewer mature oligodendrocytes and a reduced number of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum and optic nerves. Conditional ablation ofGpr56in OPCs leads to a reduced number of mature oligodendrocytes as seen in constitutive knockout ofGpr56. Together, our data define GPR56 as a cell-autonomous regulator of oligodendrocyte development.
Group size effect on cooperation in one-shot social dilemmas
Authors: Barcelo Hélène , Capraro Valerio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSocial dilemmas are central to human society. Depletion of natural resources, climate protection, security of energy supply and workplace collaborations are all examples of social dilemmas. Since cooperative behaviour in a social dilemma is individually costly, Nash equilibrium predicts that humans should not cooperate. Yet experimental studies show that people do cooperate even in anonymous one-shot interactions. In spite of the large number of participants in many modern social dilemmas, little is known about the effect of group size on cooperation. Does larger group size favour or prevent cooperation? We address this problem both experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, we find that there is no general answer: it depends on the strategic situation. Specifically, we find that larger groups are more cooperative in the Public Goods game, but less cooperative in the N-person Prisoner's dilemma. Theoretically, we show that this behaviour is not consistent with either the Fehr & Schmidt model or (a one-parameter version of) the Charness & Rabin model, but it is consistent with the cooperative equilibrium model introduced by the second author.
Locally adaptive, spatially explicit projection of US population for 2030 and 2050
Authors: McKee Jacob J. , Rose Amy N. , Bright Edward A. , Huynh Timmy , Bhaduri Budhendra L. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a leader in population distribution and dynamics research, particularly in developing gridded population datasets. For this study, ORNL researchers leverage their expertise in intelligent dasymetric modeling to construct large-scale, national level, spatially distributed population projections for the contiguous United States. The model presented here departs from other spatially explicit projection models by accounting for socioeconomic and cultural characteristics that influence spatial population growth at smaller scales, while still projecting population at a large scale. The resulting projected population distribution can be exploited for long-term urban and infrastructure planning, and scientific modeling for climate change.
Fatty acid synthase is preferentially degraded by autophagy upon nitrogen starvation in yeast
Authors: Shpilka Tomer , Welter Evelyn , Borovsky Noam , Amar Nira , Shimron Frida , Peleg Yoav , Elazar Zvulun 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Starvation-induced protein degradation by autophagy is considered to be nonselective. This study provides evidence, however, that upon nitrogen starvation fatty acid synthase is selectively degraded by autophagy. Our results suggest that fatty acid synthase degradation by the autophagic pathway is essential to maintain cell homeostasis under starvation.
Dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic–wildlife interface: Canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions
Authors: Viana Mafalda , Cleaveland Sarah , Matthiopoulos Jason , Halliday Jo , Packer Craig , Craft Meggan E. , Hampson Katie , Czupryna Anna , Dobson Andrew P. , Dubovi Edward J. , Ernest Eblate , Fyumagwa Robert , Hoare Richard , Hopcraft J. Grant C. , Horton Daniel L. , Kaare Magai T. , Kanellos Theo , Lankester Felix , Mentzel Christine , Mlengeya Titus , Mzimbiri Imam , Takahashi Emi , Willett Brian , Haydon Daniel T. , Lembo Tiziana 
Published: January 2015

SignificanceMorbilliviruses are a growing concern because of their ability to infect multiple species. The spill-over of canine distemper virus (CDV) from domestic dogs has been associated with severe declines in wild carnivores worldwide, and therefore mass dog vaccination has been suggested as a potential control strategy. Focusing on three decades of CDV exposure data in dogs and lions of the Serengeti, we show that cyclic infection dynamics in lions initially driven by dogs became more frequent and asynchronous, suggesting that the wider dog population and other wildlife species drive CDV dynamics. Hence, although widespread dog vaccination reduced the infection in dogs, transmission to lion populations still occurred, warranting further investigation into effective management options of CDV in this species-rich ecosystem.
Short time interval for condensation of high-temperature silicates in the solar accretion disk
Authors: Luu Tu-Han , Young Edward D. , Gounelle Matthieu , Chaussidon Marc 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Combining bulk and in situ Mg isotope measurements allows dating the formation of chondrule precursors relative to that of chondrules themselves. This has never been achieved before and has profound implications for the origin of chondrules, the origin of their precursors, and the evolution of the solar protoplanetary disk. There is a minimum bulk chondrule isochron, analogous in some ways to the bulk calcium−aluminum-rich inclusion isochron, which dates either the cessation of condensation of chondrule precursors or the cessation of their transport to the regions where chondrules formed.
Autocrine regulation of ecdysone synthesis by β3-octopamine receptor in the prothoracic gland is essential for
Drosophila
metamorphosis
Authors: Ohhara Yuya , Shimada-Niwa Yuko , Niwa Ryusuke , Kayashima Yasunari , Hayashi Yoshiki , Akagi Kazutaka , Ueda Hitoshi , Yamakawa-Kobayashi Kimiko , Kobayashi Satoru 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Metamorphosis is an important biological process by which animals alter their body structures to become sexually mature adults. We discovered that tyramine signaling through the β3-octopamine receptor plays an essential role in producing the steroid hormone ecdysone, which is critical for metamorphosis. Based on our observations, we propose that monoamine signaling acts downstream of a body size checkpoint that allows metamorphosis to occur only when a critical body weight is attained during larval development and nutrients are sufficiently abundant. This work also provides a new perspective on an evolutionarily conserved monoaminergic regulation of steroid hormone production during developmental transitions such as metamorphosis. This study provides a new understanding of how metamorphosis is coordinately regulated by nutritional conditions and developmental timing.
Abrupt tectonics and rapid slab detachment with grain damage
Authors: Bercovici David , Schubert Gerald , Ricard Yanick 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Subduction zones are delineated by Earth’s ocean trenches, and are where tectonic plates sink into the mantle as cold heavy slabs, which in turn drive plate motion. But slabs can detach from their surface plates, thus altering tectonic driving forces. Slab detachment can occur if thick crust from continents or oceanic plateaux is swept by plate motion into the subduction zone, thus plugging it up. Detachment is also accelerated because mineral grains in the slab become smaller during deformation, causing the slab to weaken rapidly while being stretched. The combination of crustal plugs with weakening causes abrupt slab detachment in a few million years, which can account for observed precipitous changes in plate tectonic motion and rapid continental uplift.
Low spatial coherence electrically pumped semiconductor laser for speckle-free full-field imaging
Authors: Redding Brandon , Cerjan Alexander , Huang Xue , Lee Minjoo Larry , Stone A. Douglas , Choma Michael A. , Cao Hui 
Published: January 2015

Significance
There has been an intense search for the ideal light sources for high-speed, full-field imaging applications ranging from next-generation microscopes and laser projectors to digital holography and photolithography. Traditional lasers, although providing the required brightness (i.e., power per mode), exhibit high spatial coherence, which introduces coherent artifacts such as speckle, corrupting image formation. At the other extreme, low spatial coherence sources such as thermal sources and light emitting diodes (LEDs) avoid speckle but lack sufficient power per mode for high-speed imaging. In this work, we demonstrate a new type of semiconductor laser based on a chaotic cavity, which combines low spatial coherence with high power per mode. Such a laser could enable a wide range of full-field imaging applications.
Neuronal UCP1 expression suggests a mechanism for local thermogenesis during hibernation
Authors: Laursen Willem J. , Mastrotto Marco , Pesta Dominik , Funk Owen H. , Goodman Jena B. , Merriman Dana K. , Ingolia Nicholas , Shulman Gerald I. , Bagriantsev Sviatoslav N. , Gracheva Elena O. 
Published: January 2015

SignificanceMammalian hibernators can reduce their metabolic rate by 95% and body temperature to 2 °C. However, their central and peripheral nervous systems retain activity even in cold, through unknown mechanisms. We report here that neurons from hibernating squirrels express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a protein known as a heat generator in brown adipose tissue. We show that squirrel UCP1 acts as the typical thermogenic protein and is up-regulated during torpor, suggesting its thermogenic capability is important during hibernation. Accordingly, we found that the temperature of squirrel brain during the deep torpor associated with hibernation is warmer than the surrounding tissues. We hypothesize that neuronal UCP1 allows squirrels to withstand the long hibernation season and tolerate temperatures prohibitively low for survival and neuronal function in nonhibernating species.
Specialized insulin is used for chemical warfare by fish-hunting cone snails
Authors: Safavi-Hemami Helena , Gajewiak Joanna , Karanth Santhosh , Robinson Samuel D. , Ueberheide Beatrix , Douglass Adam D. , Schlegel Amnon , Imperial Julita S. , Watkins Maren , Bandyopadhyay Pradip K. , Yandell Mark , Li Qing , Purcell Anthony W. , Norton Raymond S. , Ellgaard Lars , Olivera Baldomero M. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
The discovery and characterization of insulin, a key hormone of energy metabolism, provided a life-saving drug for diabetics. We show that insulin can be subverted for nefarious biological purposes: Venomous cone snails use specialized insulins to elicit hypoglycemic shock, facilitating capture of their fish prey. This finding extends our understanding of the chemical and functional diversity of venom components, such that the snail’s arsenal includes a diverse set of neurotoxins that alters neuronal circuitry, as well as components that override glucose homeostasis. The highly expressed venom insulins are distinct from molluscan insulins and exhibit remarkable similarity to fish insulins. They are the smallest of all insulins characterized from any source, potentially providing new insights into structure-function elements of insulin action.
Improved tumor vascularization after anti-VEGF therapy with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel associates with survival in lung cancer
Authors: Heist Rebecca S. , Duda Dan G. , Sahani Dushyant V. , Ancukiewicz Marek , Fidias Panos , Sequist Lecia V. , Temel Jennifer S. , Shaw Alice T. , Pennell Nathan A. , Neal Joel W. , Gandhi Leena , Lynch Thomas J. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
A better mechanistic understanding of the survival benefits and identification of biomarkers of response would greatly enhance the optimal utilization of antiangiogenic agents such as bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. This study indicates that the benefits of bevacizumab with chemotherapy in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may depend on tumor vascular function during treatment. These correlative studies also provide new insights into the selection of NSCLC patients most likely to benefit from the addition of bevacizumab treatment to chemotherapy. The imaging and circulating biomarker candidates should be further evaluated in larger studies.
A comparison of worldwide phonemic and genetic variation in human populations
Authors: Creanza Nicole , Ruhlen Merritt , Pemberton Trevor J. , Rosenberg Noah A. , Feldman Marcus W. , Ramachandran Sohini 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Linguistic data are often combined with genetic data to frame inferences about human population history. However, little is known about whether human demographic history generates patterns in linguistic data that are similar to those found in genetic data at a global scale. Here, we analyze the largest available datasets of both phonemes and genotyped populations. Similar axes of human geographic differentiation can be inferred from genetic data and phoneme inventories; however, geographic isolation does not necessarily lead to the loss of phonemes. Our results show that migration within geographic regions shapes phoneme evolution, although human expansion out of Africa has not left a strong signature on phonemes.
Enhancer-bound LDB1 regulates a corticotrope promoter-pausing repression program
Authors: Zhang Feng , Tanasa Bogdan , Merkurjev Daria , Lin Chijen , Song Xiaoyuan , Li Wenbo , Tan Yuliang , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Jie , Ohgi Kenneth A. , Krones Anna , Skowronska-Krawczyk Dorota , Rosenfeld Michael G. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
The apparent importance of promoter:enhancer looping is well established; however, the molecular mechanisms of these interactions in gene activation vs. gene repression remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that LIM domain-binding protein 1 (LDB1) can function in transcriptional enhancer-mediated gene activation mainly at the level of transcription initiation by regulating promoter:enhancer looping, consequent to the recruitment to basic helix-loop-helix–bound enhancers in pituitary corticotrope cells. Intriguingly, LDB1 also mediates promoter:enhancer looping required for target gene repression, acting at the level of promoter pausing, by recruiting metastasis-associated 1 family, member 2 to these repressive enhancers. These findings shed light on a regulatory aspect of the molecular function of LDB1, providing a putative mechanism of enhancer-dependent transcriptional repression.
Clonal analysis reveals a common origin between nonsomite-derived neck muscles and heart myocardium
Authors: Lescroart Fabienne , Hamou Wissam , Francou Alexandre , Théveniau-Ruissy Magali , Kelly Robert G. , Buckingham Margaret 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Head muscles, derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, share common progenitors with myocardial cells of the heart. This is in contrast to somite-derived skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs. Neck muscles, located in the transition zone between head and trunk, have both a somitic and nonsomitic origin. We now demonstrate a clonal relationship between nonsomitic neck muscles and myocardial cells located in the atria, inflow and outflow regions of the heart. This is distinct from that of the two head muscle lineages. Formation of these neck muscles, like those in the head, depends on a gene regulatory network shared with myocardial progenitors. We thus identify a third clonal group within cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, with implications for human malformations.
High-throughput plasmid construction using homologous recombination in yeast: its mechanisms and application to protein production for X-ray crystallography
Authors: Mizutani Kimihiko 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Homologous recombination is a system for repairing the broken genomes of living organisms by connecting two DNA strands at their homologous sequences. Today, homologous recombination in yeast is used for plasmid construction as a substitute for traditional methods using restriction enzymes and ligases. This method has various advantages over the traditional method, including flexibility in the position of DNA insertion and ease of manipulation. Recently, the author of this review reported the construction of plasmids by homologous recombination in the methanol-utilizing yeast Pichia pastoris, which is known to be an excellent expression host for secretory proteins and membrane proteins. The method enabled high-throughput construction of expression systems of proteins using P. pastoris; the constructed expression systems were used to investigate the expression conditions of membrane proteins and to perform X-ray crystallography of secretory proteins. This review discusses the mechanisms and applications of homologous recombination, including the production of proteins for X-ray crystallography.
Doing Well by Doing Good: The Benevolent Halo of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Chernev Alexander , Blair Sean 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Corporate social responsibility is commonly viewed solely as a tool for enhancing company reputations and engendering goodwill among customers. In contrast, this research shows that the impact of corporate social responsibility can extend beyond public relations and customer goodwill to influence the way consumers evaluate a company’s products. Specifically, this research documents that acts of social goodwill—even when they are unrelated to the company’s core business, as in the case of charitable giving—can alter product perceptions, such that products of companies engaged in prosocial activities are perceived as performing better. More important, the data show that inferences drawn from a company’s prosocial actions are strong enough to alter the product evaluations even when consumers can directly observe and experience the product. The data further show that this effect is a function of the moral undertone of the company’s motivation for engaging in socially responsible behavior and is attenuated when consumers believe that the company’s behavior is driven by self-interest rather than by benevolence. By documenting that social goodwill can benefit consumer perceptions of product performance, these findings show that doing good can indeed translate into doing well.
Influence of provider and urgent care density across different socioeconomic strata on outpatient antibiotic prescribing in the USA
Authors: Klein Eili Y. , Makowsky Michael , Orlando Megan , Hatna Erez , Braykov Nikolay P. , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Despite a strong link between antibiotic use and resistance, and highly variable antibiotic consumption rates across the USA, drivers of differences in consumption rates are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine how provider density affects antibiotic prescribing rates across socioeconomic groups in the USA.

Methods
We aggregated data on all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions filled in retail pharmacies in the USA in 2000 and 2010 from IMS Health into 3436 geographically distinct hospital service areas and combined this with socioeconomic and structural factors that affect antibiotic prescribing from the US Census. We then used fixed-effect models to estimate the interaction between poverty and the number of physician offices per capita (i.e. physician density) and the presence of urgent care and retail clinics on antibiotic prescribing rates.

Results
We found large geographical variation in prescribing, driven in part by the number of physician offices per capita. For an increase of one standard deviation in the number of physician offices per capita there was a 25.9% increase in prescriptions per capita. However, the determinants of the prescription rate were dependent on socioeconomic conditions. In poorer areas, clinics substitute for traditional physician offices, reducing the impact of physician density. In wealthier areas, clinics increase the effect of physician density on the prescribing rate.

Conclusions
In areas with higher poverty rates, access to providers drives the prescribing rate. However, in wealthier areas, where access is less of a problem, a higher density of providers and clinics increases the prescribing rate, potentially due to competition.