bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomics of closely related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains reveals genome dynamics and the acquisition of novel pathogenic elements
Authors: Yap Kien-Pong , Gan Han Ming , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju , Chai Lay Ching , Thong Kwai Lin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundTyphoid fever is an infectious disease of global importance that is caused bySalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhi (S. Typhi). This disease causes an estimated 200,000 deaths per year and remains a serious global health threat.S. Typhi is strictly a human pathogen, and some recovered individuals become long-term carriers who continue to shed the bacteria in their faeces, thus becoming main reservoirs of infection.ResultsA comparative genomics analysis combined with a phylogenomic analysis revealed that the strains from the outbreak and carrier were closely related with microvariations and possibly derived from a common ancestor. Additionally, the comparative genomics analysis with all of the other completely sequencedS. Typhi genomes revealed that strains BL196 and CR0044 exhibit unusual genomic variations despiteS. Typhi being generally regarded as highly clonal. The two genomes shared distinct chromosomal architectures and uncommon genome features; notably, the presence of a ~10 kb novel genomic island containing uncharacterised virulence-related genes, andzotin particular. Variations were also detected in the T6SS system and genes that were related to SPI-10, insertion sequences, CRISPRs and nsSNPs among the studied genomes. Interestingly, the carrier strain CR0044 harboured far more genetic polymorphisms (83% mutant nsSNPs) compared with the closely related BL196 outbreak strain. Notably, the two highly related virulence-determinant genes,rpoSandtviE, were mutated in strains BL196 and CR0044, respectively, which revealed that the mutation inrpoSis stabilising, while that intviEis destabilising. These microvariations provide novel insight into the optimisation of genes by the pathogens. However, the sporadic strain was found to be far more conserved compared with the others.ConclusionsThe uncommon genomic variations in the two closely related BL196 and CR0044 strains suggests thatS. Typhi is more diverse than previously thought. Our study has demonstrated that the pathogen is continually acquiring new genes through horizontal gene transfer in the process of host adaptation, providing novel insight into its unusual genomic dynamics. The understanding of these strains and virulence factors, and particularly the strain that is associated with the large outbreak and the less studied asymptomatic Typhi carrier in the population, will have important impact on disease control.
Forensic psychiatric evaluations: an overview of methods, ethical issues, and criminal and civil assessments
Authors: Sher Leo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Forensic psychiatry is frequently defined as the branch of psychiatry that deals with issues arising in the interface between psychiatry and the law. Psychiatrists are called on by the legal system to provide testimony in a wide variety of cases, criminal and civil. In criminal cases, forensic psychiatrists may be asked to comment on the competence of a person to make decisions throughout all the phases of criminal investigation, trial, and punishment. These include the competence to stand trial, to plead guilty, to be sentenced, to waive appeal, and to be executed. In civil cases, forensic psychiatric experts are asked to evaluate a number of civil competences, including competence to make a will or contract or to make decisions about one’s person and property. Psychiatrists are also called on to testify about many other issues related to civil cases. Forensic psychiatrists who work with children and adolescents are frequently involved in evaluations and testimonies concerning juvenile delinquency, child custody, termination of parental rights, and other issues. As such, forensic psychiatric experts have now developed into a reputable and well-known group of professionals. Forensic evaluation methods, ethical issues related to forensic psychiatric practice, and some common criminal and civil forensic psychiatric evaluations are discussed in this overview.
Biological and environmental predictors of the dysregulation profile in children and adolescents: the story so far
Authors: Caro-Cañizares Irene , García-Nieto Rebeca , Carballo Juan J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Most children and adolescents attending mental health services exhibit severe affective and behavioral dysregulation. The dysregulation profile (DP) seems to be an indicator of self-regulatory problems, overall psychopathology, symptom severity, and functional impairment. Although there are studies signaling its importance as a marker of severe psychopathology and long-term impairment, little is known about its predictors. We reviewed the existing literature and found biological and environmental factors associated with the DP. The DP seems to have high heritability rates, blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses at stress tasks, and attention problems regardless of emotional context. Some family factors (such as abnormal qualities of upbringing, lower effortful control, parental hostility, and parental substance use disorders) are also related to the DP. More research about specific predictors of the DP is clearly needed. Longitudinal studies would help identify them more clearly.
Adolescent mass shootings: developmental considerations in light of the Sandy Hook shooting
Authors: Rice Timothy R. , Hoffman Leon 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Adolescent mass shootings are a special subset of mass killings, which continue despite significant preventative public health efforts. It is often held that these individuals have few salient warning signs that could have been identified. This piece proposes that mass shootings committed by adolescent and post-adolescent young males must be understood from a developmental perspective. The hypothesis proposed in this paper is that such killings occur as the result of the adolescent’s frustrated effort to progress along normative development. The goal of normative separation from maternal figures by the boy is presented as a potential risk factor when this goal is thwarted. Childhood case material from the perpetrator of a recent adolescent mass shooting, the Sandy Hook shooting, is discussed as an illustration of this hypothesis. Implications for public health measures and for individualized treatment are presented and developed.
Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Complications after Surgery for Crohn's Disease
Authors: Joksimović Vladimir , Karagjozov Aleksandar , Jota Gjorgi , Milev Ilija , Gelevski Radomir 
Published: November 2014

Summary
The aim of this study was to show the influence of various risk factors on early postoperative complications following surgery for Crohn’s disease (CD). In this review, an online internet database was searched, and also systematic review of the literature was performed. Three different studies from different countries were analyzed and compared with the results obtained in our University Clinic of Digestive Surgery - Skopje. The first review shows the influence of positive resection margins in CD on septical complications occurrence in patients undergoing ileocolic resection for CD at the Tel Aviv Medical Centre - Israel. The second review shows the risk factors for complications after bowel surgery in Korean patients with CD using data from the Asan Medical Centre - Seul, Korea. The third review shows that the delay of surgery is associated with inferior postoperative outcome in patients treated for perforating Crohn’s ileitis, and the study was conducted using data from the medical records of patients treated at the Department of Surgery at the University of Regensburg, Germany. Finally, we analyzed the influence of the most common risk factors on early postoperative complications in patients that underwent surgery for Crohn’s disease in a five-year period at the University Clinic of Digestive Surgery in Skopje, Macedonia and compared them with the results in the aforementioned articles.
Thelazia Callipaeda and Eye Infections
Authors: Otašević Suzana , Božinović Marija Trenkić , Tasić Aleksandar , Petrović Aleksandar , Petrović Vladimir 
Published: November 2014

Summary
Eye infections can be caused by metazoans - helminths and for long this parasitosis was believed to spread only in tropical regions of the world. Lately, mostly subconjunctival infections of adults or immature forms of D. repens, which is nematoda- filaria of canids, have been described and the man is just an accidental host. The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) comprises a cosmopolitan group of eye worm spirurids responsible for eye infections of domestic and wild animals and humans, carried by different kinds of flies. Nematodes localized in the conjunctival space, lacrimal canals and surrounding ocular tissues of humans can cause symptoms from mild to very serious and severe ones if not treated. The chief aim of this paper was to describe the morphological characteristics, life cycle, prevalence and clinical significance of Thelazia spp. as a parasite of the eye. To ensure the diagnosis of thelasiosis and appropriate treatment, it is necessary to have continuing medical reports and increase the awareness of this infection.
The establishment and significance of district/regional roof cadastres in the utilization of solar energy
Authors: Szalontai Lajos 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
After its establishment, the roof cadastre - solar cadastre I wish to introduce in this article will form a database, with the help of which we will be able to analyse solar radiation factors on the local level (street, house), and a map display will also be available. Through the implementation of the appropriate methods, we can establish roof/solar cadastres on the settlement/district/regional level and these can help to increase the rate of utilization of renewable energy sources.
Mechanical Damage to Chickpea Seeds as Affected by Npk Fertilization
Authors: Shahbazi F. , Falah S. , Eisvand H.R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aim of research was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers onthe some physical properties and mechanical damage to chickpea seeds under impact. The martial for tests was from a field experiment with varied levels fertilization with nitrogen (0 and 50 kg/ha, N), phosphorus (0 and 100 kg/ha, P2O5) and potassium (0 and 100 kg/ha, K2O). The variation of the mechanical damage was analyzed depending on the mode of varied fertilization, seed moisture content and impact energy. It was found that the chickpea seeds were bigger with NPK supply. The effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers rates on the mechanical damage to chickpea seeds was significant at 1% probability level (P<0.01) and increased its hardness and resilience therefore caused the better resistance to impact damage. Potassium fertilization ratehad the most influence and phosphorus fertilization rate had the least. The effect of the nitrogen fertilizer rate was not significant (P>0.05). Harvesting chickpea seeds at higher moisture content and lower impact energy should give lower breakage when NPK is supplied, as well as when no NPK is supplied.
Estimation of Quality Deterioration in Different Rice Genotypes Infested by Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) Under a Biotic Stress
Authors: Khaliq A. , Sagheer M. , Javed M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Rice being a major crop of Pakistan contributes major part of our economy and provides energy to a major population. So study was carried out to determine potential of nutritive losses in six rice genotypes against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at 28°C, 32°C and 35°C. For nutritive losses, crude protein, fiber, ash and moisture content was analyzed through proximate analysis after 90 days of beetle infestation. Results deduced from the present findings shown significantly (P < 0.05) substantial variations in nutritional composition of rice grains in some advanced rice genotypes when exposed to artificial infestation of red flour beetle. High moisture content was observed in KSK-133 and Basmati-2006 as compared to KSK-282. Loss in crude fat and protein were maximum in KSK-282 and minimum in KSK-133 and Basmati-2006. Crude fiber was significantly (P < 0.05) high where insect infestation was low and least value where maximum infestation caused by insect. Ash content was severely affected by destructive activity of insects in all genotypes. In aggregate qualitative losses were significantly (P < 0.05) high in KSK- 133, Basmati-2006 and Basmati-515 and low in Basmati-385 and KSK-133 proving susceptible and resistance respectability, respectively. Findings should be incorporate in breeding programme and can also be helpful in post-harvest storage.
Frequency of movement in bed to assess risk of pressure ulcer – A systematized review / Häufigkeit von Bewegung im Bett zur Einschätzung der Dekubitusgefährdung – Eine systematisierte Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Panfil Eva-Maria , Volmajer Zdenka , Taeymans Jan 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The key criteria for identification of pressure ulcer risk are mobility and activity. In practice and research, it is currently not possible to assess these criteria with reliable instruments. New technical methods allow a quantified metric measurement of the mobility of patients lying in bed. However, it is unclear how to interpret such data. Therefore, the aim of this systematized literature review was to identify (i) reference values for frequencies of movements during sleep, and (ii) critical values for the clinical diagnosis of pressure ulcer risk. A literature search was conducted in the MedLine, CINAHL, Trip Database, the Cochrane Library, PEDro, Google Scholar databases and by handsearching the reference lists of eligible manuscripts for the period 2008-2013. One review and nine primary studies were selected. Pressure ulcer risk studies showed poor methodological quality while they showed a high heterogeneity of the measurement methods for the detection of movement during sleep. This observed heterogeneity did not allow to compare the study results. Less studies reported reference values compared to studies reporting correlations with pathological conditions such as sleep quality and pressure ulcer risk. After critically reviewing the studies, no valid data on the frequency of movement during sleep and on critical values for the clinical diagnosis of pressure ulcer risk was found. To interpret the results of a new measurement method and its efficacy, more diagnostic studies and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.
Innovation in Hungary - The Impact of EU Accession and Integration into Global Value Chains
Authors: Szalavetz Andrea 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper argues that EU accession has brought about minimal changes in the patterns of innovation in Hungary. The reason why is not that the ‘EU factor’ is of minor importance; rather, it is Hungary's inability to use EU resources effectively, so as to fully benefit from EU membership. The Hungarian story also demonstrates that the EU cannot block member states from reversing reform or abusing the opportunities EU membership offers to them. We contend that globalization (global value chain integration) has more effectively contributed to Hungary's knowledge-based upgrading than Europeanization (in the sense of policy transfer; access to EU Structural & Cohesion Funds, and integration in the European Research Area). This argument is substantiated with a case study on innovation strategy design and implementation, which illustrates the ambiguous impact of Europeanization, which is contrasted with our investigation of integration in global value chains, conducted through interviews of foreign-owned manufacturing companies about their R&D-based upgrading experience.
Time and temperature dependent sorption behaviour of dimethoate pesticide in various Indian soils
Authors: Rani Sunita , Sud Sant Dhiraj 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to study the sorption behaviour of dimethoate in three Indian soils at different temperatures. A kinetic study showed that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 15 h at different initial levels of pesticide concentration. Applicability of the pseudo second order kinetic model suggested that the adsorption process was complex and several mechanisms were involved. The Freundlich model explained the adsorption behaviour adequately and the isotherms were of S-type. The adsorption process was found to be strongly affected by temperature. The Gibbs free energy change, ΔGº values (from -15.81 to -16.60 kJ mol-1) indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The change in enthalpy of adsorption, ΔH° values (from -17.729 to -21.539 kJ mol-1) suggested that relatively weak H-bond forces were the main driving forces for adsorption. Desorption was found to be concentration- and temperature-dependent with higher desorption occurring at higher temperature and concentration levels. The results signify the importance of temperature in controlling the mobility of dimethoate in water bodies.
Compression loading behaviour of sunflower seeds and kernels
Authors: Selvam Thasaiya A. , Manikantan Musuvadi R. , Chand Tarsem , Sharma Rajiv , Seerangurayar Thirupathi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the compression loading behaviour of five Indian sunflower varieties (NIRMAL-196, NIRMAL-303, CO-2, KBSH-41, and PSH- 996) under four different moisture levels (6-18% d.b). The initial cracking force, mean rupture force, and rupture energy were measured as a function of moisture content. The observed results showed that the initial cracking force decreased linearly with an increase in moisture content for all varieties. The mean rupture force also decreased linearly with an increase in moisture content. However, the rupture energy was found to be increasing linearly for seed and kernel with moisture content. NIRMAL-196 and PSH-996 had maximum and minimum values of all the attributes studied for both seed and kernel, respectively. The values of all the studied attributes were higher for seed than kernel of all the varieties at all moisture levels. There was a significant effect of moisture and variety on compression loading behaviour.
LAPTM4B Gene Expression And Polymorphism As Diagnostic Markers Of Breast Cancer In Egyptian Patients
Authors: Shaker Olfat , Taha Fatma , Salah Maha , El-Marzouky Mohamed 
Published: November 2014

Summary
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LAPTM4B gene polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer among Egyptian female patients. Also, measurement was done of its serum level to evaluate its significance as a diagnostic marker for breast cancer.
Methods: This case control study was done on 88 breast cancer patients, 40 with fibroadenoma and 80 healthy subjects. Genotyping of the LAPTM4B polymorphism was determined by PCR. Serum LAPTM4B level was measured using ELISA.
Results: There was a significant difference in the (*1/2+ *2/2) genotypes in breast cancer patients (59.1) compared to the control subjects (43.8%) (P=0.047; OR=1.86; 95% CI=1.01–3.43). The frequency of the allele 2* of the LAPTM4B gene was significantly higher in breast cancer patients (36.4%) than in the control (25.6%) (p=0.034; OR=1.66; 95% CI=1.04–2.65). Genotypes (*1/2+*2/2) were significantly associated with the differential classification of TNM. Serum level of LAPTM4B was significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in control and fibroadenoma and in fibroadenoma patients than in control. In breast cancer patients, serum LAPTM4B was significantly higher in stage III and in large tumor size. Serum LAPTM4B was significantly higher in the cancer patients’ genotypes (*1/2+*2/2).
Conclusions: Genetic polymorphism of LAPTM4B is a potential risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Serum LAPTM4B may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast cancer.
Assessing the Quality of a Local Authority Conference and Hospitality Venue Using the ServQual Model
Authors: Donnelly Mike , White Edward P 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The close attention paid to service quality by successful private companies has become part of the environment within which most public service organizations now operate. The ServQual model has been used with success to help companies quantify customers' expectations and perceptions of their service and to use this analysis as the basis for improvement. More recently, the ServQual approach has been applied in public service contexts with mixed reliability and validity. This paper reports on the application of the ServQual model to a conference and hospitality venue operated by a Scottish local authority. The study investigates five distinct customer segments: conferences, meetings, receptions, performances, and weddings. The expectations-perceptions gaps are assessed for each of these segments using the ServQual model and the size and antecedents of ServQual Gap 1 is also examined.
Innovative Integrated Management System (IIMS) for Sustainable Food Industry
Authors: Suttiprasit Prasert 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
It is evident that the long-term survival and growth of global food industry depend on the availability and efficient use of raw materials, energy and water and other facilities under the concept of sustainable practice, i.e. in environment, society and economics. Quality and safety managements are essential to ensure that the industry can continue to support the communities in which it operates. Awarding a number of certifications to show the high standing of international quality and hygiene characteristics are currently necessary, e.g. ISO 9001: 2000, GMP/GHP, HACCP, ISO 22000, BRC and etc. To minimize the cost and maximize the efficiency, the Innovative Integration Management System (IIMS) has been implemented effectively under the frameworks of sustainability in a numbers of national and international food production companies in Thailand during the past years. This will allow the organization to integrate all common processes such as management review, document control, record control, training, monitoring & measuring, data analysing, internal audits, and corrective and preventive actions whereas the critical or specific processes required by each standard are still retained harmoniously with the others.
Quality Education Management in self-funded Post Secondary Education Institutions in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Edwin K. P. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the management of external validation exercises (academic audit). Such exercises are now seen as providing an important means for assessing the quality of education in self-funded Post Secondary Education Institutions in Hong Kong, and therefore careful preparation for them is essential. Relevant individual's implicit/tacit knowledge has been converted to explicit knowledge for organizational formal transfer. Ten implementation strategies for the achievement of key performance results are proposed, and a check list of twenty tasks is formulated, against which institutions might assess their level of achievement and evaluate their readiness for external validation.