bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel additively manufactured dihedral tiling architected metamaterial conformed with pentagon and rhombus: design and mechanical properties
Authors: Paredes Pureco Paola , Fuentes-Juvera Luis , Olivas-Alanis Luis H , Roman-Flores Armando , Cuan-Urquizo Enrique 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The design of novel mechanical metamaterials has drawn inspiration from several sources to develop new structures. Additionally, additive manufacturing has widened the possibilities for producing intricate geometries. With this in mind, a novel architected metamaterial based on dihedral tiling is presented here, and its mechanical response is characterized experimentally. The architecture comprises two shapes: a pentagon and rhombuses, arranged in a manner dependent on each other. Three parameters were defined as variables to generate several design variations and analyze the impact of geometry on their effective mechanical properties: pentagon edge length (l), pattern rotation angle (θ), and strut thickness (t). For this purpose, the selected designs were additively manufactured using Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) and tested under compression. It was found that t is directly proportional to relative density, and consequently, to apparent stiffness, while l is inversely proportional to both properties. On the other hand, θ has a minor influence on apparent stiffness and is more related to the deformed shape obtained. Overall, it was observed that the response depends on the combination of all geometrical parameters, meaning the apparent properties cannot be related to the response of only one of the shapes. This behavior differs from lattices based on a singular shape, in which the properties of the whole metamaterial are usually related to those of the unit cell.
Faith and morality
Authors: Trigg Roger 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Religious faith is often deemed barren without ‘works’. We must, it seems to many, not only see what is true but be prepared to live accordingly. Theologians have often warned against the idea that this can earn God’s favour. Personal faith can degenerate into an idea of merit. Some have also been wary of making it a purely individual matter. The issues of belief and practice, and individual and community cannot be separated. The question of social structures raises the issue of education. Public policy about religious and moral education in a pluralist society will be a vexed matter. Religious faith of its nature should not change to fit different moral assumptions arising from changing social attitudes. Sincere moral disagreements arise from disputes about what is important for humans and they are often rooted in religious faith.
A mixture of grass–legume cover crop species may ameliorate water stress in a changing climate
Authors: Truong Nhu Q , York Larry M , Decker Allyssa , Douglas and Margaret R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Climate change models predict increasing precipitation variability in the mid-latitude regions of Earth, generating a need to reduce the negative impacts of these changes on crop production. Despite considerable research on how cover crops support agriculture in a changing climate, understanding is limited of how climate change influences the growth of cover crops. We investigated the early development of two common cover crop species—crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and rye (Secale cereale)—and hypothesized that growing them in the mixture would ameliorate stress from drought or waterlogging. This hypothesis was tested in a 25-day greenhouse experiment, where the two factors (species number and water stress) were fully crossed in randomized blocks, and plant responses were quantified through survival, growth rate, biomass production and root morphology. Water stress negatively influenced the early growth of these two species in contrasting ways: crimson clover was susceptible to drought while rye performed poorly under waterlogging. Per-plant biomass in rye was always greater in mixture than in monoculture, while per-plant biomass of crimson clover was greater in mixture under drought. Both species grew longer roots in mixture than in monoculture under drought, and total biomass of mixtures did not differ significantly from the more-productive monoculture (rye) in any water condition. In the face of increasingly variable precipitation, growing crimson clover and rye together has potential to ameliorate water stress, a possibility that should be further investigated in field experiments.
Finding atomic dynamics in metal and alloy subnanometer clusters
Authors: Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This highlight review explains advanced structural analysis techniques utilizing electron microscopy to uncover various properties and phenomena in subnanometer clusters that were previously unknown in larger nanoparticles. The discoveries introduced the concept of “subnano alloying,” where different elements mix at the atomic level in arbitrary proportions, leading to enhanced catalytic performance. Additionally, the behavior and dynamics of these clusters were examined to gain insights into their stability and reactivity. These findings have significant implications for the design of advanced materials with tailored properties and improved catalytic applications.
Data set of fraction unbound values in the in vitro incubations for metabolic studies for better prediction of human clearance
Authors: Krumpholz Laura , Klimczyk Aleksandra , Bieniek Wiktoria , Polak Sebastian , Wiśniowska Barbara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In vitro–in vivo extrapolation is a commonly applied technique for liver clearance prediction. Various in vitro models are available such as hepatocytes, human liver microsomes, or recombinant cytochromes P450. According to the free drug theory, only the unbound fraction (fu) of a chemical can undergo metabolic changes. Therefore, to ensure the reliability of predictions, both specific and nonspecific binding in the model should be accounted. However, the fraction unbound in the experiment is often not reported. The study aimed to provide a detailed repository of the literature data on the compound’s fu value in various in vitro systems used for drug metabolism evaluation and corresponding human plasma binding levels. Data on the free fraction in plasma and different in vitro models were supplemented with the following information: the experimental method used for the assessment of the degree of drug binding, protein or cell concentration in the incubation, and other experimental conditions, if different from the standard ones, species, reference to the source publication, and the author’s name and date of publication. In total, we collected 129 literature studies on 1425 different compounds. The provided data set can be used as a reference for scientists involved in pharmacokinetic/physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling as well as researchers interested in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models for the prediction of fraction unbound based on compound structure.
Database URL: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/3bs5526htd/1
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Bangladesh
Authors: Malik Fazila-Tun-Nesa , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Choudhury Sohel Reza , Ishraquzzaman Mir , Kalimuddin Mohammad , Huq Tawfiq Shariar , Rahman Mohammad Shamimur , Jubayer Shamim , Bhuiyan Mahfuzur Rahman , Sobhan Sheikh Mohammad Mahbubus , Faruque Mithila , Beaney Thomas , Ahmadi-Abhari Sara , Malik Abdul , Poulter Neil R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that among Bangladeshi adults, one-fifth have hypertension. The National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh participated in May Measurement Month (MMM) campaigns in 2017, 2018, 2019, as well as in 2021 as a part of a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of high blood pressure (BP) and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of nationwide screening programmes. This opportunistic screening of voluntary participants aged ≥18 years was carried out from May to July 2021. Data were collected from more than 150 screening sites in all 64 districts in Bangladesh. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis followed the MMM protocol. Data on 28 355 individuals were finally analysed. Among the participants, 17 941 (63.3%) were female. After multiple imputation, 11 194 (39.5%) had hypertension. Among the 11 194 participants with hypertension, 78.8% were aware of having hypertension and 65.6% were on antihypertensive medication. Among 11 194 participants with hypertension, 7340 participants (65.6%) were on antihypertensive medication and 43.8% had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg). Of those on antihypertensive medication, 66.8% had controlled BP. A voluntary BP screening programme can identify significant numbers of people with raised BP and thus contributes importantly to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
The Trend of Chronic Diseases Among Older Koreans, 2004–2020: Age–Period–Cohort Analysis
Authors: Namkung Eun Ha , Kang Sung Hye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to examine age, period, and cohort effects contributing to the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among older Koreans. Additionally, it sought to investigate how sociodemographic characteristics interact with period and cohort effects to influence the disease prevalence.

Methods
Using the 2004–2020 data from the National Survey of Older Koreans, a nationally representative sample of older adults aged 65 or older, hierarchical age–period–cohort cross-classified random effects models (HAPC-CCREMs) were employed to estimate separate age, period, and cohort components of the recent trends in diabetes and hypertension. Sociodemographic characteristics were tested for their interactions with period and cohort effects.

Results
Significant period effects were observed, indicating a steady increase in the likelihood of being diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension over time. Age effects revealed a quadratic trend, with disease risks generally increasing with age, but the rate of increase diminishing at older ages. Cohort effects exhibited an inverted U-shaped pattern, with higher risks observed in the 1930s and early 1940s cohorts compared to earlier and later cohorts. Gender and educational attainment emerged as significant moderators. Women than men born in the early 1930s exhibited higher risks of diabetes and hypertension, whereas individuals with lower educational attainment showed a steadily increasing risk of hypertension over time.

Discussion
The results underscore the complex interplay of age, period, and cohort effects in shaping disease prevalence among older Koreans. Our findings highlight the importance of considering historical context and sociodemographic factors in understanding disease trends and designing targeted interventions to mitigate health disparities.
Research on geothermal-driven single-effect absorption refrigeration systems with different working fluids: energy and exergy analysis
Authors: Zhao Heshan , Xu Haibo , Jin Dan , An Weizheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Geothermal energy is not only environmentally friendly and has low carbon but also represents a nonintermittent technology. It is anticipated that its utilization in human society will experience rapid growth in the coming decades. Absorption refrigeration can be employed for the recovery of geothermal resources. However, the low performance of absorption refrigeration systems has hindered their development. In order to advance absorption refrigeration technology suitable for geothermal energy recovery, this study developed a mathematical model for an absorption refrigeration system using 55% lithium bromide (LiBr) and 35% lithium chloride (LiCl) solutions as working fluids. The impact of various parameters, including cooling water conditions, chilled water conditions, heat source parameters, and working fluid concentration, on the thermodynamic performance, system efficiency, and exergy efficiency of a single-effect absorption refrigeration system was analyzed. The results reveal that the cooling water inlet temperature and flow, chilled water inlet temperature, heat source inlet temperature, and working fluid concentration are the primary factors affecting the thermodynamic performance and exergy efficiency of the absorption refrigeration system. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the system increases with higher cooling water flow, chilled water inlet temperature, and working fluid concentration, but decreases with higher cooling water inlet temperature. Within a certain temperature range, the COP increases with higher heat source temperature. The effective COP (ECOP) increases with higher cooling water inlet temperature, cooling water flow, chilled water inlet temperature, and working fluid concentration, while it decreases with higher heat source temperature. The highest COP values for the LiBr and LiCl solution single-effect absorption refrigeration systems are 0.795 and 0.785, respectively, while the highest ECOP values are 0.694 and 0.684, respectively.
Research on fault diagnosis of industrial materials based on hybrid deep learning model
Authors: Chen Rong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bearing fault detection is becoming more and more important in industrial development, and deep learning image processing technology provides a new solution for this. In this study, ResNet50 is used to replace VGG-16 as the feature extraction network of Faster R-CNN, and feature pyramid network (FPN) and parallel attention module (PAM) are introduced to achieve higher detection accuracy and speed. The experimental validation was conducted with the Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset using a three-fold cross-validation and compared with Yolov5, FPN, and the original Faster R-CNN model. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed bearing image fault detection method is 78.6%, the accuracy is 77.4%, and the recall rate is 76.9%, which can locate and identify bearing faults more accurately. Future work could focus on further optimizing the model structure to enhance detection performance, strengthening the model’s generalization ability to meet the detection requirements of different types of bearing faults.
Techno-economic and environmental analysis of a grid-connected rooftop solar photovoltaic system in three climate zones
Authors: Hai Tao , Jaffar Hussein A , Taher Hameed H , Al-Rubaye Ameer H , Said Esraa Ahmed , Hussein Abbas Hameed Abdul , Alhaidry Wesam Abed A L Hassan , Idan Ameer Hassan , Salehi Abozar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to fill a gap in research on technical-economic and environmental assessments of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) panels for residential electricity supply. To combat this, a study examines the feasibility of grid-connected rooftop solar PV systems in three cities. Using PVsyst software, technical, economic, and environmental factors were analyzed, including energy injected into the grid, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and life cycle emissions. It is concluded from this study that PV power plants are technically, economically, and environmentally feasible for all three climate zones, but cold zone with the highest annual production of 10.66 MWh, the highest NPV ($5449.47), the highest IRR (14.28%), and the lowest LCOE ($0.063/kWh) is the most appropriate place to set up a PV power plant (Scenario 1: No tracking system). Furthermore, using horizontal (Scenario 2), vertical (Scenario 3), and two-axis tracking (Scenario 4) systems instead of the no-tracking system (Scenario 1) increases the amount of electricity injected into the grid by 7.56%, 24.67%, and 36.35%, respectively. According to life cycle emission, the annual production of 10.66 MWh by the 5 kW power plant installed in cold zone will prevent 102.02 tons of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere (Scenario 1: No tracking system). To remove financial obstacles and increase the viability of renewable energy, the government must provide financial incentives, lower the cost of equipment, and enact strong renewable energy legislation.
Application of hybrid renewable energy systems for supplying electricity demand of a water pump station of agricultural plants: a case-based research
Authors: Basem Ali , Fard Habib Forootan , Atamurotov Farruh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Employing clean energy production in agricultural purposes has attracted the attention of many researchers. One of the challenges is the flexible nature of irrigation of the plants that need to have a changeable power source of pump stations to supply the load demands. Renewable energies are among the best solutions to supply environmentally-friendly power, especially in remote areas where there is no access to the electricity. This study considers the needed water of five different plants, and according to the calculated hydromodule, the capacity of the pump station as well as its monthly and yearly load demands are determined. Based on the calculated load demand, different configurations of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are considered, and the optimum sizes of equipment are determined. The needed load demand is 1463 kWh/day and peak load is 266.16 kW. Based on the suppositions and inputs of this study, results show that the best economic configuration would be PV/wind turbine/diesel generator/battery the way that cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC are 0.28 ($/kWh) and $2.48 million. Also, the best environmentally friendly system (PV/wind turbine/battery) where CO2 emission is zero and RF is 100%, can be obtained with 647 kW PV panels and 106 wind turbines, the way that COE and NPC values are 0.5 ($/kWh) and 4.41 $ million. To reach the best technical system (PV/generator/battery), 514 kW PV, 100 kW diesel generator, and 1816 batteries would have the least unmeted load and excess electricity where COE and NPC values are 0.34 ($/kWh) and 2.98$ million.
Proof of Specific Intent in the Crime of Genocide
Authors: Pisillo Mazzeschi Riccardo , Carli Eugenio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current dispute between South Africa and Israel before the International Court of Justice has many aspects of great legal interest. This article focuses on the identification and proof of the specific intent of a state in the crime of genocide. On this point, the arguments put forward by the two states in the preliminary phase of the proceedings are very different and raise several issues. The article addresses them especially in light of the International Court of Justice’s previous case law on genocide. The following questions are addressed: Is the genocidal intent of individuals and that of states distinct and separate? Does the finding of individual criminal responsibility for genocide affect, and if so to what extent, state responsibility? What elements/factors are relevant for proving a specific intent? What organs express such an intent? What are the standards of evidence required? The International Court of Justice gave so far unclear answers to these questions. This article seeks to offer some solutions in this regard.
Anal fissure
Authors: Feingold Daniel L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A fissure is a common anal disorder typically treated medically in its acute phase and patients with a chronic fissure often require operative intervention. Patients suffering from anal fissure are commonly referred to surgeons for diagnosis and treatment. The severity of presenting symptoms ranges from minor, annoying pain, or bleeding to severe, consuming, incapacitating pain. The duration of symptoms upon presentation varies, as well, and fissures persisting beyond about 6–8 weeks are typically categorized as chronic. Given the spectrum of presentation related to fissuring as well as the risk of functional deficit related to operative sphincterotomy, clinicians must consider the unique presentation of each patient and individualize their care plan. Sphincterotomy is highly effective at curing chronic fissures but the risk to function must be individualized as some patients will benefit from muscle-sparing treatment.
Fistula in ano
Authors: Patankar Roy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Suppurative diseases of the anal canal can be either acute or chronic. A fistula in ano is characterized as an abnormal tract lined with granulation tissue, connecting a primary opening inside the anal canal to an external opening outside, which represents the path through which the abscess has drained. Although a benign condition, suppurative diseases of the anal canal can be highly distressing for patients and lead to significant morbidity. This chapter delves into the various types of fistula in ano, as well as the newer modalities of imaging and treatment. In most cases, fistulas do not resolve spontaneously. Various surgical and minimally invasive procedures, such as LIFT, VAAFT, SLOFT, and FiLac, have been described in this chapter, providing a brief overview of fistula in ano.
Robotic colorectal surgery
Authors: Toh James W.T. , Kim Seon Hahn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors evaluate the evidence assessing the role of robotic systems in colorectal surgery, comparing the results of robotic and laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer, including a comprehensive review of the outcomes and limitations of the ROLARR study. The role of robotics in performing ventral rectopexy is also assessed. Aside from colorectal surgery within the narrow confines of the pelvis, the role of robotic systems for colectomy is also reviewed in this chapter. Its role in inflammatory bowel disease, endometrioisis as well as performing lateral pelvic lymph node dissection is also discussed. The final part of this chapter evaluates the future of robotic colorectal surgery and provides an in-depth discussion of its future directions, the challenges which exist as well as cost and benefit rationalization of using robotic systems to perform colorectal surgery.
Role of radiation therapy in rectal cancers
Authors: Balogun Onyinye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The role of radiation therapy in rectal cancer continues to evolve. Initial studies demonstrated that both short-course preoperative radiotherapy and long-course preoperative chemoradiotherapy improved local control in locally advanced rectal cancer. Head-to-head comparisons of short-course preoperative radiotherapy and long-course preoperative chemoradiotherapy suggest equivalent local control and survival outcomes for both approaches. Trials are ongoing to determine the ideal sequencing of neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with additional neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Omission of radiotherapy may be appropriate in select patients and in the future, MRI-based radiotherapy may become more widespread. Brachytherapy or intraoperative radiation therapy are less frequently used but may be considered in cases of close or positive margins as well as cases of recurrent rectal cancer. Future directions include evaluating the role of the MRI-based linear accelerators for real-time monitoring of tumour response and/or intensifying dose to the primary tumour.