bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGBp3 triggers the unfolded protein response and SKP1‐dependent programmed cell death
Authors: YE Chang‐Ming , Chen Shaorong , Payton Mark , Dickman Martin B. , Verchot Jeanmarie 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe Potato virus X (PVX) triple gene block protein 3 (TGBp3), an 8‐kDa membrane binding protein, aids virus movement and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) during PVX infection. TGBp3 was expressed from the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genome (TMV‐p3), and we noted the up‐regulation of SKP1 and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP), protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), calreticulin (CRT) and calmodulin (CAM). Local lesions were seen on leaves inoculated with TMV‐p3, but not TMV or PVX. Such lesions were the result of TGBp3‐elicited programmed cell death (PCD), as shown by an increase in reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation and induction of SKP1 expression. UPR‐related gene expression occurred within 8 h of TMV‐p3 inoculation and declined before the onset of PCD. TGBp3‐mediated cell death was suppressed in plants that overexpressed BiP, indicating that UPR induction by TGBp3 is a pro‐survival mechanism. Anti‐apoptotic genes Bcl‐xl, CED‐9 and Op‐IAP were expressed in transgenic plants and suppressed N gene‐mediated resistance to TMV, but failed to alleviate TGBp3‐induced PCD. However, TGBp3‐mediated cell death was reduced in SKP1‐silenced Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The combined data suggest that TGBp3 triggers the UPR and elicits PCD in plants.
Renal transplantation in Nepal: Beginning of a new era!
Authors: Shah Dibya S , Shrestha Shailendra , Kafle Mukunda P 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the first year outcomes in terms of patient survival rate, graft survival rate and secondary outcomes after starting the first live related renal transplant in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal.MethodsA retrospective analysis was done of the first 70 renal transplants, who have completed a minimum of 1 year of follow up. All recipients were on Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and corticosteroids.ResultsPatient and graft survival rate at the end of one year was 94.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 86.2–97.8). Mean serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 year was 115 ± 25 μmol/L (range 63–192) and 66 ± 15 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (range 37–102) respectively. Twenty‐two episodes of biopsy proven acute rejection occurred in 18 recipients (25.7%). Three patients (4.2%) had acute tubular necrosis; however, only one (1.4%) had delayed graft function. One patient, with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis had recurrence of native kidney disease. Thirty‐two episodes of urinary tract infection were observed in 22 recipients (31.4%), and Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism, 17 (53.1%) out of 32 episodes. New onset diabetes mellitus after transplant occurred in 16 recipients (22.8%).ConclusionOne‐year patient survival, graft survival and secondary outcomes of our kidney transplant recipients, with our limited facilities, were within acceptable limits.
Exploiting plant virus‐derived components to achieve in planta expression and for templates for synthetic biology applications
Authors: Saunders Keith , Lomonossoff George P. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThis review discusses the varying roles that have been played by many plant‐viral regulatory sequences and proteins in the creation of plant‐based expression systems and virus particles for use in nanotechnology. Essentially, there are two ways of expressing an exogenous protein: the creation of transgenic plants possessing a stably integrated gene construction, or the transient expression of the desired gene following the infiltration of the gene construct. Both depend on disarmed strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to deliver the created gene construction into cell nuclei, usually through the deployment of virus‐derived components. The importance of efficient mRNA translation in the latter process is highlighted. Plant viruses replicate to sustain an infection to promote their survival. The major product of this, the virus particle, is finding increasing roles in the emerging field of bionanotechnology. One of the major products of plant‐viral expression is the virus‐like particle (VLP). These are increasingly playing a role in vaccine development. Similarly, many VLPs are suitable for the investigation of the many facets of the emerging field of synthetic biology, which encompasses the design and construction of new biological functions and systems not found in nature. Genetic and chemical modifications to plant‐generated VLPs serve as ideal starter templates for many downstream synthetic biology applications.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Transgenic gene expression
16

II.
Transient gene expression
18

III.
Exploitation of viral shells as templates for synthetic biological applications
20

IV.
Conclusion and future prospects
23

Acknowledgements
24

References
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Patient Specific Simulation of Body Surface ECG using the Finite Element Method
Authors: OKADA JUN‐ICHI , SASAKI TERUYOSHI , WASHIO TAKUMI , YAMASHITA HIROSHI , KARIYA TARO , IMAI YASUSHI , NAKAGAWA MACHIKO , KADOOKA YOSHIMASA , NAGAI RYOZO , HISADA TOSHIAKI , SUGIURA SEIRYO 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundRecent studies, supported by advances in computer science, have successfully simulated the excitation and repolarization processes of the heart, based on detailed cell models of electrophysiology and implemented with realistic morphology.MethodsIn this study, we extend these approaches to simulate the body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) of specific individuals. Patient‐specific finite element models of the heart and torso are created for four patients with various heart diseases, based on clinical data including computer tomography, while the parallel multi‐grid method is used to solve the dynamic bi‐domain problem. Personalization procedures include demarcation of nonexcitable tissue, allocation of the failing myocyte model of electrophysiology, and modification of the excitation sequence. In particular, the adjustment of QRS morphology requires iterative computations, facilitated by the simultaneous visualization of the propagation of excitation in the heart, average QRS vector in the torso, and 12‐lead ECG.ResultsIn all four cases we obtained reasonable agreement between the simulated and actual ECGs. Furthermore, we also simulated the ECGs of three of the patients under bi‐ventricular pacing, and once again successfully reproduced the actual ECG morphologies. Since no further adjustments were made to the heart models in the pacing simulations, the good agreement provides strong support for the validity of the models.ConclusionsThese results not only help us understand the cellular basis of the body surface ECG, but also open the possibility of heart simulation for clinical applications.
Response to Patient‐Initiated Plant Extract Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Strickland Nicole , Patel Gopal , Agim Nnenna G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEthnomedical practices are increasing in all parts of the world, including many urban centers. We describe a unique case of a 7‐year‐old girl with atopic dermatitis who was responsive to parent‐initiated treatment with the extract of a plant from the Chenopodium genus. A brief discussion raises awareness of such practices to the practicing dermatologist.
Follow‐up of the patients after stem cell transplantation for pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bergmane Inta , Lacis Aris , Lubaua Inguna , Jakobsons Eriks , Erglis Andrejs 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy is a serious problem in pediatric cardiology. Despite the relatively low incidence, the mortality is high. The conservative therapy does not improve the prognosis, and possibilities of heart transplantation are limited. There are multiple trials of use of stem cells for ischemic heart disease in the adult population. This allows us to believe that the method has perspectives in pediatric cardiology. We performed the cell therapy for seven patients, six of them had complete one yr follow‐up after procedure. Five to 30 milliliters of bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest and 17 to 122 million BMCs were isolated. The average basal EF was 33.5%. We observed increasing of EF up to 54% (=9.54, p=0.00154) in a 6‐month period and up to 54.5% (=10.82, p= 0.00315) after one yr. The changes of LVEDV also were observed. The LVEDV decreased in average per 13.05%. There were no observed side effects or heart rhythm disorders. Intramyocardial administration of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells proved to be a technically feasible and safe method. Up until now, the results obtained have been promising and we suppose that bone marrow‐derived progenitor cell intramyocardial transplantation can be used.
Salivary flow rates among women diagnosed with benign and malignant tumors
Authors: Napeñas Joel J. , Miles Leslie , Guajardo‐Streckfus Cynthia , Streckfus Charles F. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare salivary flow rates (SWS) among patients diagnosed with benign and varying malignant solid tumors with the comparison group, prior to the initiation of any treatment. An evaluation of the results found that mean baseline SWS flow rates were higher for healthy patients (1.55 ml/min) when compared to patients diagnosed with benign tumors (1.13 ml/min), breast cancer (1.09 ml/min), and reproductive carcinomas (0.94 ml/min). The overall model (F = 7.76; p < .001) and the Dunnett's post hoc analyses were statistically significant at the p < .001 level. Additionally, medications, race, and season of the year had significant effects on mean SWS flow rates. The results suggest that salivary secretion is lower among both benign and malignant tumor subjects prior to the initiation of treatment. Salivary evaluations of subjects prior to treatment may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for oral complications during chemotherapy.
The Impact of Transvenous Cardiac Devices on Vascular Access Patency in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tan Chieh Suai , Jie Cui , Joe Jennifer , Irani Zubin D. , Ganguli Suvranu , Kalva Sanjeeva Prasad , Wicky Stephan , Wu Steven 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCreating a vascular access in the presence of a cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) in a patient with or approaching end‐stage renal disease can be challenging. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a CIED on the outcomes of vascular access creation in hemodialysis patients and determine their effects on vascular access patency. This is a single‐center retrospective review of hemodialysis patients who underwent vascular access creation after CIED placement. Outcomes of vascular access creation and need for endovascular interventions were compared between patients with vascular access created ipsilateral and contralateral to the site of CIED. Comparing patients with arteriovenous (AV) access created ipsilateral to CIED placement (n = 19) versus the contralateral side (n = 17), the primary failure rate was 78.9% versus 35.3% (p = 0.02). For AV accesses that were matured, the median primary patency durations for AV accesses created ipsilateral to the CIED was 11.2 months compared to 7.8 months for AV accesses created contralateral to the CIED (p = 1.00). AV accesses created ipsilateral to a CIED have a higher primary failure rate compared with the contralateral arm and should be avoided as much as possible.
Coronary‐Subclavian Steal Syndrome in a Hemodialysis Patient, a Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Tan Chieh Suai , Fintelmann Florian , Joe Jennifer , Ganguli Suvranu , Wu Steven 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDialysis vascular access associated coronary‐subclavian steal or hypoperfusion syndrome is an uncommon but potentially life threatening condition. Awareness of this syndrome is important in the management of vascular access in hemodialysis patients. We report a case of dialysis vascular access associated coronary‐subclavian steal syndrome and review the literature on its pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.
Estimating phosphorus delivery from land to water in headwater catchments using a fuzzy decision tree approach
Authors: Scholefield P. , Heathwaite A. L. , Brazier R. E. , Page T. , Schärer M. , Beven K. , Hodgkinson R. , Withers P. , Walling D. , Haygarth P. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe pathway that delivers mobilized phosphorus (P) from source to surface water is conceptually complex. Firstly, P mobilization itself, either through mechanical disturbance of the soil or through chemical dissolution or weathering, is difficult to measure in situ; secondly, the annual flow‐weighted mean concentration of P is a difficult metric to gather. Summarizing these pathway processes as the ratio of the delivered P to the mobilized fraction of P assists in the quantification and assessment of the P transfer continuum. The proportion of this mobilized P that is subsequently delivered to the watercourse is also difficult to quantify. A range of P models already exist that aim to predict P mobilization and delivery. Reasonable estimates can be made for the outputs of P from a plot or small catchment over a series of events. Current models mainly rely on empirical data or expert judgment to derive appropriate coefficients of P transfer and delivery. This paper describes the research designed to evaluate the range of delivery coefficients from headwater catchments that might be anticipated for different land‐use regions across the UK. These coefficients were evaluated within a fuzzy decision tree framework. The delivery coefficients used in this study covered a broad range of possible values from all available data describing P fluxes from headwater catchments in the UK. The results of this work indicate that delivery coefficients are a useful way of summarizing the mobilization behaviour of a headwater catchment. Mean delivery coefficients above unity were present in four of 18 catchments, indicating higher than average delivery, probably due to intensive agricultural management practices. This first use of a fuzzy or uncertain approach to model P delivery in the UK has generated potentially promising results, and a methodology has been developed for producing delivery coefficients using sparse data, which may be applicable to other headwater catchments.
Identification and quantification of organic phosphorus forms in soils from fertility experiments
Authors: Ahlgren J. , Djodjic F. , Börjesson G. , Mattsson L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe effects of soil type, crop rotation, fertilizer type and application rate on the composition of organic phosphorus (P) compounds in soils from four sites in a Swedish long‐term fertilizer experiment were investigated with 31P‐NMR. Soil textures investigated were loamy sand, sandy loam, silty clay loam and clay. Phosphorus has been added to the soils since the 1950s and 1960s at four different rates in the form of either mineral fertilizer or a combination of manure and mineral fertilizer. Results show that in soils receiving no P addition, most of the soil P was present in the form of phosphate monoesters (60–70%, depending on soil type). However, a P addition equivalent to the amount of P removed annually by harvest altered this relationship so that the soils were dominated by orthophosphate instead. This trend became more obvious with increasing P addition. At the greatest P application rate, orthophosphate comprised 70% or more of the total extracted P in all the soils. These changes in the soil were due entirely to increase in orthophosphate, because the amounts of monoesters did not change with increasing P additions. This was true both for mineral fertilizer and the combination of manure and mineral fertilizer P. Soil type and crop rotation did not influence the results. The results indicate that there is no apparent build‐up of organic P in the soils, but that P addition mainly affects the orthophosphate amounts in the soils regardless of form or amount of fertilizer.
Influences of Cognitive Control on Numerical Cognition—Adaptation by Binding for Implicit Learning
Authors: Moeller Korbinian , Klein Elise , Nuerk Hans‐Christoph 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecently, an associative learning account of cognitive control has been suggested (Verguts & Notebaert, 2009). In this so‐called adaptation by binding theory, Hebbian learning of stimulus–stimulus and stimulus–response associations is assumed to drive the adaptation of human behavior. In this study, we evaluated the validity of the adaptation‐by‐binding account for the case of implicit learning of regularities within a stimulus set (i.e., the frequency of specific unit digit combinations in a two‐digit number magnitude comparison task) and their association with a particular response. Our data indicated that participants indeed learned these regularities and adapted their behavior accordingly. In particular, influences of cognitive control were even able to override the numerical distance effect—one of the most robust effects in numerical cognition research. Thus, the general cognitive processes involved in two‐digit number magnitude comparison seem much more complex than previously assumed. Multi‐digit number magnitude comparison may not be automatic and inflexible but influenced by processes of cognitive control being highly adaptive to stimulus set properties and task demands on multiple levels.
Transmission Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy allows simultaneous assessment of cutin and cell‐wall polysaccharides of Arabidopsis petals
Authors: Mazurek Sylwester , Mucciolo Antonio , Humbel Bruno M. , Nawrath Christiane 
Published: March 2013

SummaryA procedure for the simultaneous analysis of cell‐wall polysaccharides, amides and aliphatic polyesters by transmission Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) has been established for Arabidopsis petals. The combination of FTIR imaging with spectra derivatization revealed that petals, in contrast to other organs, have a characteristic chemical zoning with high amount of aliphatic compounds and esters in the lamina and of polysaccharides in the stalk of the petal. The hinge region of petals was particular rich in amides as well as in vibrations potentially associated with hemicellulose. In addition, a number of other distribution patterns have been identified. Analyses of mutants in cutin deposition confirmed that vibrations of aliphatic compounds and esters present in the lamina were largely associated with the cuticular polyester. Calculation of spectrotypes, including the standard deviation of intensities, allowed detailed comparison of the spectral features of various mutants. The spectrotypes not only revealed differences in the amount of polyesters in cutin mutants, but also changes in other compound classes. For example, in addition to the expected strong deficiencies in polyester content, the long‐chain acyl CoA synthase 2 mutant showed increased intensities of vibrations in a wavelength range that is typical for polysaccharides. Identical spectral features were observed in quasimodo2, a cell‐wall mutant of Arabidopsis with a defect in pectin formation that exhibits increased cellulose synthase activity. FTIR thus proved to be a convenient method for the identification and characterization of mutants affected in the deposition of cutin in petals.
Lyme nephritis
Authors: Littman Meryl P. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo review what is known and highlight knowledge gaps regardingLyme nephritis (LN).Data SourcesPublications identified via PubMed using the keywords “Borrelia burgdorferi,” “Borreliosis,” “glomerulonephritis,” “protein‐losing nephropathy,” “autoimmunity,” and “retriever,” and as generated by investigators working in the fields ofBorreliosis and immune‐mediated glomerulonephritis.Human Data SynthesisPostborrelial immune‐mediated glomerulonephritis was described recently in 6 people; 3 responded to antimicrobials/steroids, 1 to antimicrobials/angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/warfarin, 1 required hemodialysis but became hemodialysis independent after 5 months and treatment with antimicrobials, steroids, plasmapheresis, immunoglobulin, and 1 did not respond to steroids and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and still requires hemodialysis.Veterinary Data SynthesisLyme nephritis is seen in <1–2% ofLyme seropositive dogs, with an average onset at 5–6 years. Labrador and Golden Retrievers are predisposed to this condition. Prior or concurrent lameness is described in 9–28% cases. Historical presentations include acute progressive protein‐losing nephropathy with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis/regeneration, and interstitial nephritis, but possibly milder forms exist. Complications include thromboembolic events, hypertension, effusive disease, and oliguric/anuric renal failure. Diagnostic tests help stage disease and rule out other causes. Renal biopsy is advocated early, when intervention may help, and to prove if immune‐complex disease exists. Treatment includes standard therapy for protein‐losing nephropathy, long‐term antimicrobials, and perhaps immunosuppressive therapy.ConclusionsThere is no experimental model ofLNto study predisposing factors, pathogenesis, onset, progression, treatment, or prevention. There are no predictive tests to identify the few individuals at highest risk, therefore all seropositive dogs should be screened and monitored for proteinuria.Lyme nephritis mimics other forms of protein‐losing nephropathy and sometimesLeptospirosis. Renal biopsy helps show if immune‐complex disease exists, but may not proveLNspecifically. More studies are warranted on dogs withLyme‐specific immune‐complex deposition to evaluate risk factors, understand pathogenesis, variability of expression, and to validate treatment and prevention protocols.