bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 Nanoplates by a Sol–Gel‐Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Chen Zhiwu , Kang Xiongbing , Lu Zhenya , He Xinhua 
Published: May 2013

Well‐crystallized pure Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNdT) nanoplates with rim sizes of 150–200 nm and thickness of 20–30 nm have been successfully synthesized at a temperature as low as 160°C by a novel sol–gel‐hydrothermal route, which combined the conventional sol–gel process and the hydrothermal method. It is believed that the gel precursor and hydrothermal environment play an important role in the formation of BNdT nanoplates at a low temperature. The density of sol–gel‐hydrothermal–derived BNdT ceramics was higher than that of sol–gel‐derived ceramics.
Glyburide as treatment option for gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tempe Anjali , Mayanglambam Ronita Devi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of glyburide in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus and to compare the maternal and fetal outcome between two groups treated either with insulin or glyburide.Material and MethodsWomen with gestational diabetes not responding to diet control were randomized into two groups: (i) the control group receiving insulin (n = 32); and (ii) the study group receiving glyburide (n = 32). Primary outcome was assessed in terms of achievement of glycemic control and secondary outcome was assessed by the incidence of maternal and fetal complications in the insulin and glyburide treated groups.ResultsThe achievement of glycemic control between the insulin and the glyburide treated groups showed no significant difference (97.1%, 93.8%). The occurrence of maternal complications (P = 0.87) and fetal complications (P = 0.32) were comparable between the insulin and glyburide treated groups.ConclusionGlyburide was found to be as efficacious as insulin in achieving euglycemia in the treatment of gestational diabetic women who require treatment beyond diet control.
Female sexual function and associated factors during pregnancy
Authors: Corbacioglu Esmer Aytul , Akca Aysu , Akbayir Ozgur , Goksedef Behiye Pinar Cilesiz , Bakir Vuslat Lale 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to assess the changes in female sexual function during pregnancy and to identify associated factors among Turkish population using a validated questionnaire. Furthermore, we aimed to examine Turkish pregnant women's beliefs regarding sexual activity and describe their source of information about sexuality during pregnancy.Material and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, healthy heterosexual pregnant women who had been living with their partners within the last four weeks were asked to complete two self‐administered questionnaires, one of which was Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).ResultsA significant association was found between the decrease in intercourse frequency and trimesters, as a decline in frequency was reported by 58.3%, 66.1% and 76.5% of women in each trimester, respectively (P = 0.01). Only the trimester of gestation and employment status were independent factors associated with the decline in sexual intercourse frequency during pregnancy. When the overall FSFI score were compared according to each trimester of pregnancy, there were no statistical significant differences between the first and second trimesters (P = 0.71). The overall FSFI score in the third trimester was found to be significantly lower than the overall scores in the first two trimesters (P < 0.001 for both). In linear regression analysis, overall FSFI scores were adversely affected by only being in the last trimester. 38.7% of women and 36.2% of male partners worried that sexual intercourse may harm the pregnancy. Among the total sample, only 23.8% of women discussed sexuality with the medical staff.ConclusionThe third trimester is the independent variable for both decreased sexual activity frequency and sexual function scores in pregnancy. Counseling about sexuality during pregnancy is not frequent in the clinical setting, but conversations about this topic should happen on a regular basis during prenatal care visits.
Effect of vitamin C on the growth of experimentally induced endometriotic cysts
Authors: Durak Yildirim , Kokcu Arif , Kefeli Mehmet , Bildircin Devran , Çelik Handan , Alper Tayfun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C on the growth of experimental endometriotic cysts.Material and MethodsThe endometrium of the uterine horn wall (diameter, 4 mm) was implanted onto the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall of 40 Wistar albino adult female rats, by laparotomy. The day after the implantation, the rats were randomly assigned into four groups (control group and experimental groups [V1, V2, and V3]) comprising 10 rats each. For 6 weeks, the control group (Group C) received 1 mL distilled water, whereas the experimental groups (Groups V1, V2, and V3) received 0.5 mg, 1.25 mg, and 2.5 mg of vitamin C in 1 mL of distilled water, respectively. The doses were given via oral gavage once per day. At the end of the administration, a second laparotomy was performed and endometriotic cyst volumes and weights of rats among the groups were compared. In addition, the stromal and glandular tissue and the natural killer cell contents of the cysts were compared among the groups.ResultsThe cyst volume in Group V3 and the cyst weights in Groups V2 and V3 were significantly lower than those in Group C. The natural killer cell content in Groups V1, V2, and V3 was significantly lower than that in Group C. Stromal and glandular tissue contents of the groups were not significantly different.ConclusionsThe dose‐dependent vitamin C supplementation significantly reduced the volumes and weights of the endometriotic cysts.
Citizen or Subject? Blurring Boundaries, Claiming Space: Indians in Colonial South Africa
Authors: Majumdar Bijita 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCitizenship and subjecthood are often seen as discrete, bounded categories, temporally disparate and conceptually distinct in law and in the social sciences. This paper challenges this predominant formulation by attesting that these legal categories are in fact, often, breached and blurred in identity struggles over claims to rights. Using the case of colonial Indians in South Africa, this paper argues that under conditions of colonialism, the colonized use the dual category of citizen/subject to claim rights while pledging allegiance to the power‐holders. Using historical sources such as petitions and referenda written by Indians to the colonial rulers and Gandhi's writings during his stay in South Africa, I explore the implications of this slippage between subject and citizen, thus contributing to the existing literature on colonial law and colonial resistance, the politics of citizenship, race relations and the politics of difference and identity.
Efficacy and safety of entecavir treatment in a heterogeneous CHB population from a ‘real‐world’ clinical practice setting in China
Authors: Hou J.‐L. , Jia J.‐D. , Wei L. , Zhao W. , Wang Y. M. , Cheng M. , Tang X. , Tan D.‐M. , Ren H. , Tang H. , Cohen D. , Llamoso C. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryChronic hepatitis B infection is an important cause of liver‐related mortality in China. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of entecavir in a heterogeneous patient population from a ‘real‐world’ clinical practice setting in China. This prospective, observational cohort provides 48‐week data on 2600 patients from 50 sites in China who received entecavir (0.5 or 1.0 mg) and were assessed for virologic, serologic and biochemical responses. Patients were nucleos(t)ide‐naïve or ‐experienced and had compensated or decompensated liver function. At Week 48, 1545/2424 (64%) patients with compensated liver disease and 30/44 (68%) patients with decompensated liver disease achieved HBV DNA <50 IU/mL. Greater proportions of nucleos(t)ide‐naïve than nucleos(t)ide‐experienced (69% vs 53%), and adefovir‐experienced than lamivudine/telbivudine‐experienced (62% vs 52%) patients achieved this endpoint. Most patients with HBV DNA <50 IU/mL also achieved HBV DNA <12 IU/L (60%, 45% and 61% of nucleos(t)ide‐naïve, nucleos(t)ide‐experienced and decompensated patients, respectively). In patients with compensated liver disease, ALT values normalized in 1532/1792 patients (85%), and HBeAg loss and HBeAg seroconversion were observed in 17% and 15% of treatment‐naïve and 15% and 11% of treatment‐experienced patients. Entecavir was generally well tolerated. Adverse event rates were comparable between treatment‐naïve and treatment‐experienced patients with compensated liver disease, but were higher in decompensated than in compensated patients, consistent with previous reports in these patients with more advanced disease. Four patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events. In a ‘real‐world’ setting, entecavir was efficacious and well tolerated throughout 48 weeks in a heterogeneous Chinese CHB population.
Modernism, Celebrity and the Public Personality
Authors: Rosenquist Rod 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article takes for its subject the complex relationship between modernist literature and the celebrity system of values arising in the late nineteenth century and hitting its ascendancy in the early twentieth century. A wide range of scholarly work in the field is surveyed, particularly those investigating modernism within contexts of celebrity, promotional culture and value. The article aims to break down the relationship between modernism and celebrity into two major component parts – first, the self‐authoring and promotional side of modernism and, second, the reception of modernism within a celebrity‐culture framework, whether through the institutions, the media or the audience that make modernist figures into ‘public personalities’.
Developmental change in intentional action and inhibition: A heart rate analysis
Authors: Schel Margot A. , Windhorst Dafna A. , van der Molen Maurits W. , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability to inhibit is a major developmental dimension. Previous studies examined developmental change in instructed inhibition. The current study, however, focused on intentional inhibition. We examined heart rate responses to intentional action and inhibition, with a focus on developmental differences. Three age groups (8–10, 11–12, and 18–26 years) performed a child‐friendly marble paradigm in which they had to choose between intentionally acting on, or inhibiting, a prepotent response. As instructed, all age groups chose to intentionally inhibit on approximately 50 percent of the intentional trials. A pronounced heart rate deceleration was observed during both intentional action and intentional inhibition, but this deceleration was most pronounced for intentional inhibition. Heart rate responses did not differentiate between age groups, suggesting that intentional action and inhibition reach mature levels early in childhood.
External Validity, Why Art Thou Externally Valid? Recent Studies of Attraction Provide Three Theoretical Answers
Authors: Eastwick Paul W. , Hunt Lucy L. , Neff Lisa A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSome studies have better external validity than others, but why? Recent studies in the domain of interpersonal attraction have been tackling this question by documenting how people respond differently to hypothetical versus live interactions. In live interactions, people tend to report their experienced emotions, they evaluate others using a low‐level concrete construal, and they attempt to implement the goal of having a pleasant interaction. In hypothetical scenarios, people forecast their emotions, they evaluate others using a high‐level abstract construal, and they deliberate about others' positive and negative features. By situating the hypothetical versus live interaction distinction within the framework of strong preexisting theories (i.e., affective forecasting, construal‐level theory, mindset theory), this research reinforces the idea that there is nothing inherently invalid about laboratory studies that are cosmetically dissimilar from real life. Nevertheless, it remains highly problematic to generalize findings to a setting that elicits a countervailing set of psychological processes.
Activity Increase in Respiratory Chain Complexes by Rubella Virus with Marginal Induction of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Claus C. , Schönefeld K. , Hübner D. , Chey S. , Reibetanz U. , Liebert U. G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMitochondria are important for the viral life cycle, mainly by providing the energy required for viral replication and assembly. A highly complex interaction with mitochondria is exerted by rubella virus (RV), which includes an increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential as a general marker for mitochondrial activity. We aimed in this study to provide a more comprehensive picture of the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV. Their activities were compared among three different cell lines. A strong and significant increase in the activity of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II) and a moderate increase of ubiquinol:cytochromecoxidoreductase (complex III) were detected in all cell lines. In contrast, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme cytochromecoxidase (complex IV) was significantly decreased. The effects on mitochondrial functions appear to be RV specific, as they were absent in control infections with measles virus. Additionally, these alterations of the respiratory chain activity were not associated with an elevated transcription of oxidative stress proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were induced only marginally. Moreover, protein and/or mRNA levels of markers for mitochondrial biogenesis and structure were elevated, such as nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). Together, these results establish a novel view on the regulation of mitochondrial functions by viruses.
Effect of argillic alteration on rock mass stability
Authors: Watters Robert J. , Delahaut Warren D. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The role of hydrothermal alteration in producing clay-rich rocks is discussed. Hydrothermal fluids derived from magmatic sources change rock lithologies to argillic rocks as a result of temperature, pressure and chemical effects. The grade of the argillization can vary from one in which only trace amounts of clay minerals are present to one in which there has been complete alteration into clay. Detailed geologic surface mapping and subsurface drilling are required to accurately delineate the extent and grade of alteration. Suggestions are presented for assessing the grade and amount of alteration. Two examples illustrate the effects of argillic alteration on the engineering design of excavated slopes. One example demonstrates a successful design where alteration effects were incorporated into the initial design stage. The second example illustrates where an inadequate geologic model underestimated the grade and extent of alteration, and a landslide of over four million tons of material resulted. Reappraisal of the geologic model enabled a successful mitigation and incorporation of the clay-rich lithologies to be designed, and permitted continued safe excavation at the site.
Groundwater flow and the stability of heterogeneous infinite slopes underlain by impervious substrata
Authors: Haneberg William C. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The effects of steady groundwater flow on the stability of heterogeneous infinite slopes underlain by impervious substrata were investigated using a series of computer simulations. A preliminary one-dimensional analysis shows that the magnitude of hydraulic head perturbation that can be attributed to flow across an idealized heterogeneity is controlled by both the size of the heterogeneity and the hydraulic conductivity contrast. In the limit, a perfectly impermeable heterogeneity will give rise to hydraulic gradients that are controlled by the normalized length of the heterogeneity, whereas an infinitely permeable heterogeneity will cause the hydraulic gradient to vanish across the heterogeneity. A series of two-dimensional finite-difference models shows that individual heterogeneities occupying 10% of the slope area can significantly perturb flow fields and influence local factors of safety in hypothetical slopes. Although local factors of safety are reduced enough to indicate the development of small secondary slides as a consequence of flow through or around heterogeneities, overall factors of safety remain unchanged. When heterogeneities are closely spaced, however, their effects on the stability of the model slopes are cumulative and in one case the overall factor of safety was increased by about 2%.
Playas and military operations
Authors: Neal James T. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Playas are among the most common of desert landforms, with more than 50,000 worldwide and with great variation in size and physical characteristics. They range from a hectare or less to hundreds of square kilometers, and they may support aircraft landings or be totally impassable to land vehicles. Because they possess distinctive physical attributes and are common elements of arid and semiarid landscapes, which occupy nearly 30% of the Earth's land surface, they have had significant effects on military history and operations for centuries. This significance is not apt to diminish.
The single most important determinant of playa-surface conditions is the combination of surface and ground-water hydrology. Playas with ground water that is sufficiently deep to preclude capillary rise favor hard surface crusts. Prolonged capillary or direct ground-water discharge in arid environments readily builds up evaporite mineral assemblages including halite, gypsum, and calcite. Changing hydrologic conditions resulting either naturally or from human activity, for example, ground-water extraction, can result in alteration of relief and surface hardness of playas over both short- and longer-time spans.
Military use by ground forces includes both expeditious and evasive maneuvering of ground vehicles. Air and spaceborne vehicles, including fixed and rotary wing craft and spacecraft, have used numerous playas in their natural state as landing platforms, and many other playas are readily available in remote, unpopulated areas of the globe. Future uses are apt to take advantage of the unique attributes of this arid-region feature—the flattest of all landforms.
Role of geology in assessing vulnerability of underground fortifications to conventional weapons attack
Authors: Eastler Thomas E. , Percious Donald J. , Fisher Paul R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The military use of subsurface geologic environments dates back at least 5,000 years to Mesopotamia and Egypt, and continues to be a critical element in planning for both tactical and strategic military activities worldwide. In the context of present-day concerns of “proliferation,” the concept of geologic barriers and how best to defeat them has taken on new meaning. Characterization of the geology and the engineering properties of materials surrounding and constituting a deeply buried bedrock underground military facility (UGF) is of great military interest The degree of success of employing conventional munitions against such UGFs will be limited by our ability to understand the matter/energy interactions between penetrating conventional warheads and rock environments. Geotechnical information that can be used strategically to evaluate the vulnerability of UGFs is herein defined as “strategic geologic intelligence” and includes lithologic characterization; intact mechanical, weight/volume, penetrability; and interpreted in situ engineering properties of geologic units proximal to UGFs. Geologic vulnerability of UGFs can be considered primarily a function of three variables: depth, rock-mass strength, and surface-layer penetrability.
To the degree that any bedrock UGF is vulnerable to conventional weapons attack, the availability of appropriate site characterization data significantly increases one's ability to choose optimal weapons and tactics to defeat UGFs. Thus the role of “strategic geologic intelligence” in future war planning cannot be overstated.
Military Geology Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey during World War II
Authors: Terman Maurice J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
On June 24, 1942, the temporary Military Geology Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey was formalized after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requested them to prepare terrain intelligence studies to meet wartime priorities. The entire Military Geology Unit wartime roster was 114 professionals, including 88 geologists, 11 soil scientists, and 15 other specialists; 14 were women. Assisting staff (illustrators, typists, photographers, and others) totaled 43. The unit produced 313 studies, including 140 major terrain folios, 42 other major special reports, and 131 minor studies. These reports contain about 5,000 maps, 4,000 photographs and figures, 2,500 large tables, and 140 terrain diagrams. Most products were designed in the beginning for general strategic planning in Washington and later for detailed strategic planning overseas; they utilized graphics and nontechnical, telegraphic-style tabular texts.
The Military Geology Unit's principal effort was the preparation of the terrain folios titled Strategic Engineering Studies. They varied somewhat in content and format, but the key components usually were introduction, terrain appreciation, rivers, road and airfield construction, construction materials, and water resources. The folios, produced at an average rate of about one per week and at an average cost of $2,500, were compiled from scientific journals, books, maps, and photographs available in the Washington area by a team of 3 to 8 scientists; 8 to 12 teams might be working concurrently. MGU personnel took great pride in never having missed a delivery deadline.
In 1944, 5 Military Geology Unit consultants were sent to Europe and 5-man teams were assigned to the Southwest Pacific Area and to the Central Pacific Area. Each team produced large-scale terrain reports, mostly from aerial photographs, and consulted with engineer units and tactical officers in the field. By the end of the war, a consolidated 20-man team worked in Manila at the headquarters of the Armed Forces Pacific.