bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Polaris a HOG? A Case Study*
Authors: Krause Michael J. , Wilson Michael S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe main usefulness of a general purpose financial statement centers on its comparability to the financials produced by an entity's competition. This case works for both undergraduate and graduate students because it offers comparisons between two well known recreation industry companies. Financial statement analysis is a lesson which serves as an appropriate capstone to financial accounting education. Analyzing the financial statements of competing entities explains “why” accountants must implement the intricate “how” which produces the statements and the resulting decision models such as ratios and common‐sized statements. Compared to previous generations, current students will be more responsible for managing their own retirement funds. This case can help students start to appreciate investment analysis by providing enough detail for any level student to conduct financial statement evaluations that make comparisons to find successful fundamental business strategies.
Predictors of Initial and Sustained Remission from Alcohol Use Disorders: Findings from the 30‐Year Follow‐Up of the San Diego Prospective Study
Authors: Trim Ryan S. , Schuckit Marc A. , Smith Tom L. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundIndividuals who report problematic drinking early in life often recover from alcohol‐related disorders, with or without formal treatment. While risk factors associated with developing alcohol use disorders (AUDs), such as a family history of alcoholism and the genetically influenced low level of response (LR) to alcohol, have been identified, less is known about characteristics that relate to remission from AUDs.MethodsThe male subjects (98% Caucasian) for this study were 129 probands from the San Diego Prospective Study who were first evaluated at age 20 as drinking but not alcohol‐dependent young men, most of whom were college graduates by follow‐up. The individuals evaluated here met criteria for an AUD at their first follow‐up at ages 28 to 33 and were followed every 5 years for the next 2 decades. Discrete‐time survival analysis was used to examine rates of initial and sustained AUD remission and to evaluate the relationships of premorbid characteristics and other risk factors to these outcomes.ResultsSixty percent of the sample met criteria for an initial AUD remission of 5 or more years, including 45% with sustained remission (i.e., no subsequent AUD diagnosis). Higher education, lower drinking frequency, and having a diagnosis of alcohol abuse (rather than dependence) were associated with higher rates of initial AUD remission. A lower LR to alcohol at age 20, as well as lower drinking frequency, having received formal alcohol treatment, and older age at the first follow‐up all predicted a greater likelihood of sustained AUD remission.ConclusionsThis study identified key factors associated with initial and sustained AUD remission in subjects diagnosed with AUD in young adulthood. Characteristics associated with better outcomes early in the life span, such as lower drinking frequency and early treatment, appear to have a lasting impact on remission from AUD across adulthood.
QTL and association analysis for skin and fibre pigmentation in sheep provides evidence of a major causative mutation and epistatic effects
Authors: Raadsma H. W. , Jonas E. , Fleet M. R. , Fullard K. , Gongora J. , Cavanagh C. R. , Tammen I. , Thomson P. C. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe pursuits of white features and white fleeces free of pigmented fibre have been important selection objectives for many sheep breeds. The cause and inheritance of non‐white colour patterns in sheep has been studied since the early 19th century. Discovery of genetic causes, especially those which predispose pigmentation in white sheep, may lead to more accurate selection tools for improved apparel wool. This article describes an extended QTL study for 13 skin and fibre pigmentation traits in sheep. A total of 19 highly significant, 10 significant and seven suggestive QTL were identified in a QTL mapping experiment using an Awassi × Merino × Merino backcross sheep population. All QTL on chromosome 2 exceeded a LOD score of greater than 4 (range 4.4–30.1), giving very strong support for a major gene for pigmentation on this chromosome. Evidence of epistatic interactions was found for QTL for four traits on chromosomes 2 and 19. The ovine TYRP1 gene on OAR 2 was sequenced as a strong positional candidate gene. A highly significant association (P < 0.01) of grandparental haplotypes across nine segregating SNP/microsatellite markers including one non‐synonymous SNP with pigmentation traits could be shown. Up to 47% of the observed variation in pigmentation was accounted for by models using TYRP1 haplotypes and 83% for models with interactions between two QTL probabilities, offering scope for marker‐assisted selection for these traits.
Hospital admissions in poorly nourished, compared with well‐nourished, older South Australians receiving ‘Meals on Wheels’: Findings from a pilot study
Authors: Luscombe‐Marsh Natalie , Chapman Ian , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: March 2013

AimTo evaluate whether ‘Meals on Wheels’ (MOW) improves health and reduces hospital admissions in poorly nourished (PN) older people.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty older South Australians were retrospectively classified: (i) PN (MNA score <24) receiving MOW (MOW PN); (ii) PN not receiving MOW (non‐MOW PN); and (iii) well‐nourished (WN). Data regarding their health were compared.ResultsHealth outcomes at baseline for MOW PN and non‐MOW PN were not different, but both were worse than the WN. Over 12 months, weight loss was ∼2–3 times greater in both PN than WN groups. Hospital admissions were not different for MOW PN compared with non‐MOW PN and WN, but non‐MOW PN had 2.9 as many admissions and spent 5 days more in hospital than WN (all Ps < 0.05).ConclusionProviding MOW to nutritionally vulnerable older people may not prevent age‐related decline in health, although a potential reduction in hospital admissions warrants investigation.
Prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during pregnancy and the puerperium: Current standards of care
Authors: Giles Michelle L. , Grace Ruth , Tai Amy , Michalak Katarzyna , Walker Susan P. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundMother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus continues to occur despite the interventions of hepatitis B vaccination and immunoglobulin. The most significant risk factor in transmission is high maternal viral load. Being aware of viral replicative activity permits risk stratification and allows the opportunity for additional preventative measures such as antiviral therapy.MethodsRetrospective audit of investigations and clinical management among hepatitis B surface antigen–positive pregnant women from three maternity services across Victoria over a five‐year period from 2006 to 2011.ResultsOver the study period at the three institutions, there were 46,855 births, and 398 hepatitis B‐positive pregnant women. 87% of the women were non‐Australian‐born. Viral load testing was performed in <20% of all pregnancies, and hepatitis B e antigen status assessed in 33%. Only 18% of the women with hepatitis B were referred for specialist care, but if referred, they were more likely to have an assessment of viral replicative status performed. Compliance with administration of neonatal hepatitis B immunoglobulin and birth‐dose vaccination was high (>90%).ConclusionThere is scope for considerable improvement in referral and assessment of pregnant women with hepatitis B infection. Guidelines addressing the issue of maternal viral replicative status and the need for antiviral therapy may assist in guiding clinical management.
Smoking is accompanied by a suppressed cervical nitric oxide release in women with high‐risk human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Rahkola‐Soisalo Päivi , Mikkola Tomi S. , Vuorento Saara , Ylikorkala Olavi , Väisänen‐Tommiska Mervi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveBoth smoking and the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the uterine cervix are determinants for high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. We compared the cervical NO release between smoking and non‐smoking women with and without hrHPV infection.DesignOpen clinical cohort study.SettingUniversity Hospital in Finland.PopulationOne hundred and twenty‐five smoking and 301 non‐smoking women, with (n = 244) and without (n = 182) hrHPV infection. In total, 264 women showed cytological and/or histological cervical epithelial changes.MethodsThe presence of hrHPV was tested by an HPV DNA test and the release of NO was assessed from NO metabolites in the cervical fluid by the Griess reaction.Main outcome measuresThe difference in cervical NO release between smoking and non‐smoking women with and without hrHPV.ResultsInfection with hrHPV in smokers (70%) was more frequent (p = 0.001) than in non‐smokers (52%). As a whole, smoking was accompanied by a 35% decrease (p = 0.04) in NO release in hrHPV‐infected women (35.9 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval 27.0–44.2) compared with non‐smoking hrHPV‐ infected women (48.3 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval 38.0–56.2). No difference in NO release between smokers and non‐smokers was seen in women with healthy cervical epithelium, but smoking was accompanied by a suppressed (26%) NO release (p = 0.03) in women with either cytological or histological changes.ConclusionsSmoking may suppress NO release in the uterine cervix in women with hrHPV infection.
Artificial Organs 2012: A Year in Review
Authors: Malchesky Paul S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this editor's review, articles published in 2012 are organized by category and briefly summarized. We aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ replacement, recovery, and regeneration. As the official journal of the International Federation for Artificial Organs, the International Faculty for Artificial Organs, and the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders “to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level.” Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ replacement, recovery, and regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide such meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected, and especially to those whose native tongue is not English. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers, the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our publisher, Wiley Periodicals, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.
The prevalence of retinopathy in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Olafsdottir Eydis , Andersson Dan K. G. , Dedorsson Inger , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: March 2013

Abstract.Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for, retinopathy in a geographically defined population with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with a control group of subjects without diabetes, matched by age, sex and residence in order to find the retinopathy attributable to type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study populations are, on one hand, a prevalence cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes resident in the community of Laxå, Sweden, and on the other a control group, matched by age, gender and residence with those with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy was graded from fundus photographs using a modification of the Early Treatment Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) adaptation of the modified Airlie House classification of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Results: Any retinopathy was found in 34.6% in the type 2 diabetes cohort and in 8.8% in the control group without diabetes. Among the diabetic patients, any retinopathy was significantly associated with duration of diabetes (p = 0.0001), HbA1c (p = 0.0056), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0091) and lower serum cholesterol (p = 0.0197) in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Having retinopathy in the control group was associated only with systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0014) in logistic regression analysis.Conclusions: The prevalence of retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes in Laxå, Sweden, was similar or somewhat lower compared with other studies in the Nordic countries. The prevalence of retinopathy in a control group without diabetes equalled numbers from population studies worldwide. Our study indicates that the retinopathy that can be attributed to hyperglycaemia in the diabetic state is less common than is usually accounted for. A considerable fraction of retinopathy in subjects with diabetes may instead be due to other factors such as hypertension and should thus be treated correspondingly.
Behaviours related to executive functions and learning skills at 11 years of age after extremely preterm birth: a Swedish national prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Farooqi Aijaz , Hägglöf Bruno , Serenius Fredrik 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimWe investigated a national cohort of children born extremely immature (<26 weeks gestation, EI) regarding the nature, frequency and severity of the behavioural problems related to the executive functions (EF) and concerning learning skills, from the perspectives of parents and teachers.MethodsAt 11 years of age 86 of 89 survivors of this cohort were studied and compared with an equal number of controls. Behaviours related to EF, and learning skills were assessed by a validated instrument, namely the Five to Fifteen questionnaire sent by mail to parents and teachers.ResultsCompared with controls, parents of EI children reported significantly more problems in behaviours related to EF in all areas assessed (Attention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, Hypoactivity, Planning/Organizing, and Working Memory). Teachers′ ratings showed a similar pattern. EI children also displayed deficient skills in the 4 standard measures of learning skills. Multivariate analysis revealed that prematurity, gender and behavioural composite score was associated with learning skills. Only a relatively small proportion of EI children (10–30%) exhibited clinically significant impairments.ConclusionDespite a favourable outcome in many school‐age children born at the threshold of viability, these are at increased risk of developing behavioural problems related to EF.
Reticulocytes: Plasmodium vivax target cells
Authors: Moreno‐Pérez Darwin A. , Ruíz Jhenniffer A. , Patarroyo Manuel A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReticulocytes represent the main invasion target for Plasmodium vivax, the second most prevalent parasite species around the world causing malaria in humans. In spite of these cells' importance in research into malaria, biological knowledge related to the nature of the host has been limited, given the technical difficulties present in working with them in the laboratory. Poor reticulocyte recovery from total blood, by different techniques, has hampered continuous in vitro P. vivax cultures being developed, thereby delaying basic investigation in this parasite species. Intense research during the last few years has led to advances being made in developing methodologies orientated towards obtaining enriched reticulocytes from differing sources, thereby providing invaluable information for developing new strategies aimed at preventing infection caused by malaria. This review describes the most recent studies related to obtaining reticulocytes and discusses approaches which could contribute towards knowledge regarding molecular interactions between target cell proteins and their main infective agent, P. vivax.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Liu Jinbing , Chen Changhong , Wu Fengyan , Zhao Liangzhong 
Published: March 2013

A series of chalcones and their derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase were evaluated. The results showed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity, and four compounds exhibited more potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the reference standard inhibitor kojic acid (5‐hydroxy‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one). Specifically, 1‐(‐1‐(4‐methoxyphen‐ yl)‐3‐phenylallylidene)thiosemicarbazide (18) exhibited the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.274 μm. The inhibition mechanism analysis of 1‐(‐1‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐3‐phenylallylidene) thiosemicarbazide (16) and 1‐(‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐phenylallylidene) thiosemicarbazide (18) demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of the two compounds on the tyrosinase were irreversible. Preliminary structure activity relationships' analysis suggested that further development of such compounds might be of interest.
Dietary long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent allergic sensitization to cow's milk protein in mice
Authors: van den Elsen L. W. J. , van Esch B. C. A. M. , Hofman G. A. , Kant J. , van de Heijning B. J. M. , Garssen J. , Willemsen L. E. M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundCow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children and no treatment is available. Dietary lipid composition may affect the susceptibility to develop allergic disease.ObjectiveAssess whether dietary supplementation with long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFA) prevents the establishment of food allergy.MethodsMice were fed a control or fish oil diet before and during oral sensitization with whey. Acute allergic skin response, serum immunoglobulins as well as dendritic cell (DC) and T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and/or small intestine were assessed.ResultsThe acute allergic skin response was reduced by more than 50% in sensitized mice fed the fish oil diet compared to the control diet. In addition, anti‐whey‐IgE and anti‐whey‐IgG1 levels were decreased in the fish oil group. Serum transfer confirmed that the Th2‐type humoral response was suppressed since sera of fish oil fed sensitized mice had a diminished capacity to induce an allergic effector response in naïve recipient mice compared to control sera. Furthermore, the acute skin response was diminished upon passive sensitization in fish oil fed naïve recipient mice. In addition, the percentage of activated Th1 cells was reduced by fish oil in spleen and MLN of sham mice. The percentage of activated Th2 cells was reduced in both sham‐ and whey‐sensitized mice. In contrast, whey‐sensitized mice showed an increased percentage of CD11b+CD103+CD8α‐ DC in MLN in association with enhanced FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in spleen and intestine of fish oil fed whey‐sensitized mice compared to sham mice.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceDietary n‐3 LCPUFA largely prevented allergic sensitization in a murine model for cow's milk allergy by suppressing the humoral response, enhancing local intestinal and systemic Treg and reducing acute allergic symptoms, suggesting future applications for the primary prevention of food allergy.
A Novel BMP2‐Coprecipitated, Layer‐by‐Layer Assembled Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Particle: A Biodegradable and Highly Efficient Osteoinducer
Authors: Zheng Yuanna , Wu Gang , Liu Tie , Liu Yi , Wismeijer Daniel , Liu Yuelian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeTo repair large‐size bone defects, most bone‐defect‐filling materials in clinic need to obtain osteoinductivity either by mixing them with particulate autologous bone or adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). However, both approaches encounter various limitations. In this study, we hypothesized that our novel particles of biomimetic BMP2‐coprecipitated calcium phosphate (BMP2‐cop.BioCaP) could serve as an independent and biodegradable osteoinducer to induce bone formation efficiently for these bone‐defect‐filling materials, for example, deproteinized bovine bone (DBB).Materials and MethodsWe alternately layer‐by‐layer assembled amorphous and crystalline CaP triply to enable a “bamboo‐like” growth of the particles. We functionalized BioCaP by coprecipitating BMP2 into the most outer layer of BioCaP. We monitored the degradation, osteoinductivity, and foreign‐body reaction of either BMP2‐cop.BioCaP or its combination with DBB in an ectopic site in rats.ResultsAfter 5 weeks, the BMP2‐cop.BioCaP significantly induced new bone formation not only alone but also when mixed with DBB. Its osteoinductive efficiency was 10‐fold higher than the adsorbed BMP2. Furthermore, BMP2‐cop.BioCaP also reduced significantly the host foreign‐body reaction to DBB in comparison with the adsorbed BMP2. After a 5‐week implantation, more than 90% of BMP2‐cop.BioCaP degraded.ConclusionsThese findings indicate a promising clinical potential for BMP2‐cop.BioCaP in the repair of large‐size bone defects.
Nonremoval of Immediate Abutments in Cases Involving Subcrestally Placed Postextractive Tapered Single Implants: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Daprile Giuseppe , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this trial was to assess if the nonremoval of abutments placed at the time of surgery would improve bone and gingival healing around single immediately restored implants placed in postextraction sockets.Materials and MethodsAll patients received a single square‐threaded tapered implant placed in postextraction sockets and immediately restored. All the implants were placed 2.0 mm below the bone crest, avoiding any contact with the coronal portion of the buccal wall. Six months after surgery, 35 patients were treated following the control standard prosthetic protocol: the abutments were removed and impressions were made directly on the implant platform. Thirty‐three patients underwent the “one abutment at one time” test protocol: impressions were made of the abutments using snap‐on abutment copies. The dimensional changes of the soft and hard tissues were assessed using digital photography and cone beam computed tomography radiographs immediately after surgery and at 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐month follow‐up examinations.ResultsAll implants were osseointegrated and clinically stable at the follow‐up examinations. No statistically significant difference was evidenced between the two groups regarding the measurement of vertical bone healing. After the placement of the final restoration, a significant horizontal loss in the hard tissue portion over the implant platform was assessed (p = .03 mesial sites; p = .04 distal sites). An 87% increase of the mean recession of the buccal soft tissue was observed in the control group (+0.27 mm) in the same time frame.ConclusionsThe nonremoval of abutments placed at the time of the surgery improves the stability of healed soft and hard tissues around the immediately restored, subcrestally placed tapered single maxillary implant.