bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive impairments in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Who will really convert?
Authors: Bang Minji , Kim Kyung Ran , Song Yun Young , Baek Seoyeon , Lee Eun , An Suk Kyoon 
Published: November 2014

Objective: Impairments in neurocognitive function are considered as core features of schizophrenia. Individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, the ‘putative’ prodrome of schizophrenia, generally show levels of impairments intermediate between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. We investigated the neurocognitive performance of individuals at UHR for psychosis, comparing them with patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HC), and explored the predictivity of baseline neurocognitive function in the UHR group for transition to overt psychosis. Method: Individuals at UHR for psychosis ( n = 60), patients with FES ( n = 39), and HC subjects ( n = 94) participated in the present study. All participants performed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, consisting of tests for five separate neurocognitive domains (executive function, attention/working memory, processing speed, verbal memory, and spatial memory). UHR subjects were assessed for transition every month during 24 months of follow-up. Results: Neurocognitive performance in the UHR group was largely at intermediate levels. Attention/working memory and verbal memory were significantly different from both the FES and HC groups. In the UHR group, processing speed was decreased to the level of the FES group, while executive function and spatial memory were relatively preserved. In the Cox regression model, spatial memory significantly predicted the transition to overt psychosis in the UHR group. Conclusions: The present study showed that neurocognitive impairments were evident in UHR individuals prior to the onset of overt psychosis. Our findings generally support the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and suggest that there could be different developmental trajectories between converters and non-converters.
Dietary patterns according to headache and migraine status: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rist Pamela M , Buring Julie E , Kurth Tobias 
Published: November 2014

Background Several potential dietary trigger factors for migraine have been proposed. However, few studies have examined the intake pattern of these dietary items compared to adequate control populations and whether intake levels may vary by migraine aura status or attack frequency. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among participants in the Women’s Health Study. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between migraine and headache status and low intake of foods commonly reported to affect migraine. Results A total of 25,755 women reported no history of migraine or headache, 5573 reported non-migraine headache and 7042 reported any migraine. Those with non-migraine headache or any migraine were more likely to have low intake of total alcohol (OR = 1.22, 95% CI:1.14–1.29 and OR = 1.17, 95% CI:1.11–1.24, respectively). Migraineurs with aura were more likely to have low intake of chocolate, ice cream, hot dogs, and processed meats. Those who experience migraine at least once per week were more likely to have low intake of skim/low-fat milk and white and red wine. Conclusion Intake of most suggested migraine dietary triggers differs by migraine aura status and attack frequency, a pattern not found for non-migraine headache.
Wound healing potential of scaffolds prepared from porcine jejunum and urinary bladder by a non-detergent/enzymatic method
Authors: Revi Deepa , Vineetha Vadavanath P , Muhamed Jaseer , Surendran Geetha C , Rajan Akhila , Kumary TV , Anilkumar Thapasimuthu V 
Published: November 2014

Scaffolds prepared using extracellular matrices of mammalian organs/tissues, when used as grafts, have wound healing potential. This paper evaluated the physical properties and in vivo wound healing potential of jejunum-derived scaffold (JDS) and urinary bladder-derived scaffold (UDS) of porcine origin prepared by a non-detergent/enzymatic method. The former had higher flexural rigidity and suture retention strength compared to the latter, but both of them had the essential flexural rigidity and suture retention strength required for skin grafts. Full thickness skin-wounds on rabbit dorsum were treated with these scaffolds and the wound healing ability was compared by studying histomorphology parameters such as re-epithelialisation, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, proliferation of cells, mesenchymal cell infiltration and myofibroblast response. The extent of these reactions was assessed using histomorphometry. The results indicated that both grafts initiated healing faster than those wounds without any graft, as evidenced by the extent of cell proliferation and mesenchymal cell infiltration. The myofibroblast response persisted longer in the non-graft assisted wound healing reaction compared to the healing in the graft assisted wounds. Moreover, the JDS induced higher cell proliferation and greater angiogenesis than UDS probably indicating better healing by the former. The results suggested that JDS and UDS prepared by non-detergent/enzymatic method have potential clinical applications.
Analysis of Cost Reduction Techniques Adopted in Hospitals in and Around Pune
Authors: Kulkarni Meenal , Pandit Anil 
Published: November 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the various techniques implemented with respect to cost reduction in privately owned hospitals in and around Pune. Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 30 privately owned hospitals were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. The methodology comprised administering the questionnaire along with a personal interview with the administrative/finance officer. The hospitals included for the study were selected based on the following characteristics: Hospitals with capacity of 50–100 beds were termed as small hospitals and hospitals with more than 100 beds were termed as large hospitals. Further they were segregated as general hospitals (<100 beds) and speciality and super speciality hospital in multiple urban locations. These organizations were for-profit hospitals. Findings: The results predominantly highlight the key techniques required to be used by most of the hospitals as the cost reduction method, and also the various aspects on which improvement and further development is required to keep on providing better health care service delivery with effective cost containment in the city of Pune.
Intravenous Fentanyl for Dyspnea at the End of Life
Authors: Pang G. S. , Qu L. M. , Tan Y. Y. , Yee A. C. P. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) Fentanyl in dyspnoeic patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Dyspnoeic patients with advanced cancer satisfying the selection criteria received (IV) Fentanyl and were evaluated for response 24 hours post-administration in a prospective observational study. Results: Altogether 36 patients were enrolled into the study. However, data from only 16 patients could be analysed as 20 patients had died or were too sick to self-report scores. Seven out of 16 patients responded to IV Fentanyl although the result was not statistically significant (non-responders versus responders: 56.3% vs 43.8%, p = 0.33). The strongest correlations for variables predictive of responder status were the absence of anxiety and lung metastases. Conclusions: This exploratory study shows that IV Fentanyl can alleviate dyspnea in some patients but is an example of the difficulties conducting dyspnea research. Future studies would benefit from novel developments in the areas of measuring dyspnea in dying patients and statistical analysis of small sample sizes.
Smoking uptake among Saudi adolescents: tobacco epidemic indicators and preventive actions needed
Authors: Mohammed Mutaz , Eggers Sander Matthijs , Alotaiby Fahad Falah , de Vries Nanne , de Vries Hein 
Published: November 2014

The aim of this cross-sectional school-based study was to assess smoking prevalence, indicators for the smoking epidemic and determinants of smoking among Saudi adolescents. The study included 695 male adolescents from 11 to 16 years of age who filled out self-report questionnaires based on the European Smoking Framework Approach questionnaire, which uses the I-Change model to assess attitude, social influence and the self-efficacy of the participants. Smokers were 275 (39.6%) adolescents. Smokers tended to receive more daily pocket money, live in more affluent families and show lower academic performance. Non-smokers were inclined to believe that smoking may help people to feel relaxed and confident, encountered less social influences to smoke than smokers, but reported low self-efficacy not to smoke when with smoker friends and when offered a cigarette. Smokers reported the lowest self-efficacy not to smoke in all situations assessed. The results suggest the smoking epidemic among male Saudi adolescents may still be in the early stages, providing ample opportunity for preventive actions aimed at halting the further progress of this epidemic. Secondly, smoking prevention programs in Saudi Arabia need to reinforce non-smoking attitudes, address how to resist pressure to smoke, and how to develop high self-efficacy towards non-smoking in various situations.
Psychological distress in out-patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy for the investigation of bladder cancer
Authors: Ellis G , Pridgeon S , Lamb BW , Awsare NS , Osaghae S , Smith SG , McNicholas TA , Green JSA 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: Flexible cystoscopy can cause patients significant psychological distress, especially when utilised in the diagnostic pathway for suspected bladder cancer. We aimed to assess the prevalence of general anxiety and depression, as well as procedure-related worry and pain in patients undergoing local anaesthetic flexible cystoscopy and to determine whether these conditions occur more frequently in subsets of the population. Patients and methods: Patients referred for flexible cystoscopy were invited to participate. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire containing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a worry score and a question regarding the most stressful event in the diagnostic pathway. Following the procedure patients were also asked to complete a pain score. Results: A total of 175 patients participated in the study. The prevalence of significant anxiety was 15% and depression 3.5%. This was higher in younger, female and unmarried patients. Procedure-related worry and pain were generally low. Conclusions: We found the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy to be raised compared to a similar cohort of patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. We have identified subgroups more likely to experience these symptoms and have also identified the sections of the diagnostic pathway that are most likely to cause anxiety and depression. By doing this we can target those patients who are more likely to suffer during the diagnostic process and aim to improve their experience. We can also implement targeted changes to the pathway to reduce the impact it may have on patients’ mental health.
The Use of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Complex Antituberculous and Antiretroviral Drug Dosing in HIV/Tuberculosis-Coinfected Patients
Authors: Newman Michael , Foisy Michelle M. , Ahmed Rabia A. 
Published: November 2014

We report 2 cases coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (HIV/TB), requiring drug dose adjustments guided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and/or serum drug concentrations. Case 1: Over the course of the 9-months of TB treatment, drugs that required increased doses due to low concentrations included efavirenz (800 mg), rifampin (900 mg), and isoniazid (450 mg). Higher drug doses were well tolerated until the end of treatment. Case 2: Over the 12-month course of TB therapy, drugs that required increased doses due to incomplete and/or delayed absorption were rifampin (1500 mg), moxifloxacin (800 mg), and ethambutol (1600 mg). Higher drug doses were well tolerated until the end of treatment. Due to delayed/incomplete drug absorption and weight gain during therapy, higher antituberculous doses may be required in patients coinfected with HIV/TB. A daily dose of efavirenz 800 mg was well tolerated in both patients (weight over 70 kg). Managing patients coinfected with HIV/TB is complex, and, therefore, TDM of drug concentrations can help guide clinical decision making.
Common fixed point results under a new contractive condition without using continuity
Authors: Gu Feng , Shen Yunjuan , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, using the concept of the common

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property, we prove a common fixed point theorem for a class of twice power type weakly compatible mappings in generalized metric space. Our results do not rely on any commuting or continuity condition of the mappings. We also state some examples to illustrate our new results in symmetric and nonsymmetric generalized metric spaces. It should be pointed out that this is the first time to use common

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properties to discuss common fixed point problems of contractive mappings for twice power type in generalized metric spaces.
Modification of crystal anisotropy and enhancement of magnetic moment of Co-doped SnO2 thin films annealed under magnetic field
Authors: Loya-Mancilla Sagrario M , Poddar Pankaj , Das Raja , Ponce Hilda E Esparza , Templeton-Olivares Ivan L , Solis-Canto Oscar O , Ornelas-Gutierrez Carlos E , Espinosa-Magaña Francisco , Olive-Méndez Sion F 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Co-doped SnO2 thin films were grown by sputtering technique on SiO2/Si(001) substrates at room temperature, and then, thermal treatments with and without an applied magnetic field (HTT) were performed in vacuum at 600°C for 20 min. HTT was applied parallel and perpendicular to the substrate surface. Magnetic M(H) measurements reveal the coexistence of a strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) signal and a ferromagnetic (FM) component. The AFM component has a Néel temperature higher than room temperature, the spin axis lies parallel to the substrate surface, and the highest magnetic moment m =7 μB/Co at. is obtained when HTT is applied parallel to the substrate surface. Our results show an enhancement of FM moment per Co+2 from 0.06 to 0.42 μB/Co at. for the sample on which HTT was applied perpendicular to the surface. The FM order is attributed to the coupling of Co+2 ions through electrons trapped at the site of oxygen vacancies, as described by the bound magnetic polaron model. Our results suggest that FM order is aligned along [101] direction of Co-doped SnO2 nanocrystals, which is proposed to be the easy magnetization axis.
Bipotent mammary stem cells: now in amazing 3D
Authors: van Amerongen Renée 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor many decades, developmental biologists and cancer researchers alike have been trying to understand the relationship between the basal and luminal cell compartments in the mouse mammary epithelium. Delineating the mammary stem and progenitor cell hierarchy will provide fundamental knowledge of how cell proliferation and differentiation are orchestrated to build, maintain and regenerate a complex mammalian tissue. Moreover, it is expected to offer insight into the cells of origin for human breast cancer. A new lineage-tracing study has fuelled the discussion as to the existence of bipotent stem cells in the basal layer of the mouse mammary epithelium.
Disheartened consumers: impact of malevolent apparel business practices on consumer’s heart rates, perceived trust, and purchase intention
Authors: Ha-Brookshire Jung , Bhaduri Gargi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn response to consumers’ increasing desires to know about apparel businesses’ ethical/responsible practices and the importance of trust between a firm and its consumers in today’s marketplace, this study investigated how distrustful messages, specifically malevolent messages, affect consumers’ perceived trust and purchase intention. The results of 67 participants’ heart rate deceleration patterns and psychometric responses from a randomized experimental design showed that participants experienced greater heart rate deceleration during exposure to messages about a firm’s malevolent business practices, than during messages about benevolence. Indeed, consumers seemed to get more disheartened when they were exposed to messages about malevolent business activities, and these messages seemed to affect consumers’ perceived trust and purchase intention. The study concludes with important business implications for building and strengthening trust, or reducing and eliminating distrust, with consumers.
Tackling non-adherence in dialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia
Authors: Rakov Viatcheslav , Chong Edward , Parker Jennifer 
Published: November 2014

Many patients with late-stage chronic kidney disease require oral phosphate binders to control serum phosphorus levels. However, non-adherence to phosphate binders remains a major challenge and is affected by a number of factors. Nurses have a pivotal role in the day-to-day management of dialysis patients and are well placed to potentially provide education and information about the importance of treatment adherence. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide is a novel iron-based phosphate binder that has been investigated in clinical studies for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in dialysis patients, where it has demonstrated similar efficacy to sevelamer carbonate, in terms of reducing serum phosphorus levels, but with a significantly lower pill burden and better treatment adherence. This article reviews key Phase 3 clinical data for sucroferric oxyhydroxide and discusses how the attributes of this new phosphate binder may help to address the challenge of patient adherence to phosphate binders in clinical practice. A lot of patients with end-stage renal disease are prescribed phosphate binders to control serum phosphorus levels and treat hyperphosphataemia. However, many studies have demonstrated that adherence to these drugs is low. Viatcheslav Rakov, Edward Chong and Jennifer Parker present a summary of recent research carried out on a new phosphate binder and challenges to adherence.
Removal of the syndesmotic screw after the surgical treatment of a fracture of the ankle in adult patients does not affect one-year outcomes
Authors: Boyle M. J. , Gao R. , Frampton C. M. A. , Coleman B. 
Published: December 2014

Our aim was to compare the one-year post-operative outcomes following retention or removal of syndesmotic screws in adult patients with a fracture of the ankle that was treated surgically. A total of 51 patients (35 males, 16 females), with a mean age of 33.5 years (16 to 62), undergoing fibular osteosynthesis and syndesmotic screw fixation, were randomly allocated to retention of the syndesmotic screw or removal at three months post-operatively. The two groups were comparable at baseline. One year post-operatively, there was no significant difference in the mean Olerud–Molander ankle score (82.4 retention vs 86.7 removal, p = 0.367), the mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score (88.6 vs 90.1, p = 0.688), the mean American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons foot and ankle score (96.3 vs 94.0, p = 0.250), the mean visual analogue pain score (1.0 vs 0.7, p = 0.237), the mean active dorsiflexion (10.2° vs 13.0°, p = 0.194) and plantar flexion (33.6° vs 31.3°, p = 0.503) of the ankle, or the mean radiological tibiofibular clear space (5.0 mm vs 5.3 mm, p = 0.276) between the two groups. A total of 19 patients (76%) in the retention group had a loose and/or broken screw one year post-operatively. We conclude that removal of a syndesmotic screw produces no significant functional, clinical or radiological benefit in adult patients who are treated surgically for a fracture of the ankle. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1699–1705.
Substance use avoidance among Iranian male adolescents: a comparison of three versions of the theory of reasoned action
Authors: Tavousi Mahmoud , Montazeri Ali , Hidarnia Alireza , Hajizadeh Ebrahim , Taremian Farhad , Haerimehrizi Aliasghar 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The theory of reasoned action (TRA) is one of the most common models in predicting health-related behaviors and is used more often in health education studies. This study aimed to add two control constructs (perceived behavioral control – PBC and self-efficacy – SE) to the TRA and compare them using the structural equation modeling (SEM) for substance use avoidance among Iranian male adolescents in order to find out which model was a better fit in predicting the intention. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected from a random sample of high school male students (15–19 years of age) using a questionnaire containing items related to the TRA plus items reflecting two additional constructs (SE and PBC). In all, 433 students completed the questionnaires. The results obtained from SEM indicated a better fit to the data for the TRA with SE compared to the TPB (TRA with PBC) and TRA (χ2/df=2.55, RMSEA=0.072, CFI=0.96, NFI=0.94, NNFI=0.95, SRMR=0.058). Comparing SE and PBC, the results showed that self-efficacy was a better control construct in improving the TRA and predicting substance use avoidance intention (41%). The TRA with SE had a better model fit than TPB and the original version of the TRA.
Fluoxetine effect on gestation and fetal development
Authors: Ösz Bianca Eugenia , Vari C. E. , Dogaru Maria 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is very controversial. There is no conclusive evidence for increased risk of malformations after SSRI use in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine how fluoxetine is affecting gestation and fetal development in rats. Twenty sexually mature female Wistar rats weighting between 250-260 g received 20 mg/kg body weight fluoxetine from the first day of gestation and during the entire gestation period.The drug was administered by oral route. Healthy, primipareus animals were selected along with 20 female Wistar rats, as control group. Mature males were caged with virgin females for an entire week. Rat’s behaviour during gestation, after birth and rats body weight was examined. The number of healthy pups was also noted. The females not giving birth after 21 days to any pup were anesthetized (halothane through gas scavenging apparatus untilled death) and the gravid uterus were dissected out and examined. Compared to the controlled group, in which weight gain was more significant, the animals from the experimental group had a slight increase in body weight. The weight gain normally induced by gestation, is less significant in fluoxetine treated rats due to the increase serotonin levels in the brain. The uteri examination of pregnant rats showed an increase in the number of dead and resorbed rat embryos. Preclinical studies suggest that the inclusion of fluoxetine in pregnancy category C is justified and the appropriateness of its administration in pregnancy is still an unresolved issue.