bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal lobe arteriovenous malformations: anatomical subtypes, surgical strategy, and outcomes
Authors: Gabarrós Canals Andreu , Rodríguez-Hernández Ana , Young William L. , Lawton Michael T. , _ _ 
Published: July 2013

Object
Descriptions of temporal lobe arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are inconsistent. To standardize reporting, the authors blended existing descriptions in the literature into an intuitive classification with 5 anatomical subtypes: lateral, medial, basal, sylvian, and ventricular. The authors' surgical experience with temporal lobe AVMs was reviewed according to these subtypes.

Methods
Eighty-eight patients with temporal lobe AVMs were treated surgically.

Results
Lateral temporal lobe AVMs were the most common (58 AVMs, 66%). Thirteen AVMs (15%) were medial, 9 (10%) were basal, and 5 (6%) were sylvian. Ventricular AVMs were least common (3 AVMs, 3%). A temporal craniotomy based over the ear was used in 64%. Complete AVM resection was achieved in 82 patients (93%). Four patients (5%) died in the perioperative period (6 in all were lost to follow-up); 71 (87%) of the remaining 82 patients had good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores 0–2); and 68 (83%) were unchanged or improved after surgery.

Conclusions
Categorization of temporal AVMs into subtypes can assist with surgical planning and also standardize reporting. Lateral AVMs are the easiest to expose surgically, with circumferential access to feeding arteries and draining veins at the AVM margins. Basal AVMs require a subtemporal approach, often with some transcortical dissection through the inferior temporal gyrus. Medial AVMs are exposed tangentially with an orbitozygomatic craniotomy and transsylvian dissection of anterior choroidal artery and posterior cerebral artery feeders in the medial cisterns. Medial AVMs posterior to the cerebral peduncle require transcortical approaches through the temporo-occipital gyrus. Sylvian AVMs require a wide sylvian fissure split and differentiation of normal arteries, terminal feeding arteries, and transit arteries. Ventricular AVMs require a transcortical approach through the inferior temporal gyrus that avoids the Meyer loop. Surgical results with temporal lobe AVMs are generally good, and classifying them does not offer any prediction of surgical risk.
Comparative effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of local application of vancomycin powder in posterior spinal fusion for spine trauma
Authors: Godil Saniya S. , Parker Scott L. , O'Neill Kevin R. , Devin Clinton J. , McGirt Matthew J. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectSurgical site infection (SSI) is a morbid complication with high cost in spine surgery. In this era of health care reforms, adjuvant therapies that not only improve quality but also decrease cost are considered of highest value. The authors introduced local application of vancomycin powder into their practice of posterior spinal fusion for spine trauma and undertook this study to determine the value and cost benefit of using vancomycin powder in surgical sites to prevent postoperative infections.MethodsA retrospective review of 110 patients with traumatic spine injuries treated with instrumented posterior spine fusions over a 2-year period at a single institution was performed. One group (control group) received standard systemic prophylaxis only, whereas another (treatment group) received 1 g of locally applied vancomycin powder (spread over the surgical wound) in addition to systemic prophylaxis. Data were collected on patient demographic characteristics, clinical variables, surgical variables, and 90-day morbidity. Incidence of infection was the primary outcome evaluated, and billing records were reviewed to determine total infection-related medical cost (cost of reoperation/wound debridement, medications, and diagnostic tests). The payer's cost was estimated to be 70% of the total billing cost.ResultsA total of 110 patients were included in the study. The control (n = 54) and treatment groups (n = 56) were similar at baseline. Use of vancomycin powder led to significant reduction in infection rate (13% infection rate in the control group vs 0% in the treatment group, p = 0.02). There were no adverse effects noted from the use of vancomycin powder. The total mean cost of treating postoperative infection per patient was $33,705. Use of vancomycin powder led to a cost savings of $438,165 per 100 posterior spinal fusions performed for traumatic injuries.ConclusionsThe use of adjuvant vancomycin powder was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative infection as well as infection-related medical cost. These findings suggest that use of adjuvant vancomycin powder in high-risk patients undergoing spinal fusion is a cost-saving option for preventing postoperative infections, as it can lead to cost-savings of $438,165 per 100 spinal fusions performed.
Intracranial hemorrhage after spine surgery
Authors: Kaloostian Paul E. , Kim Jennifer E. , Bydon Ali , Sciubba Daniel M. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Witham Timothy F. 
Published: July 2013

Object
The authors describe the largest case series of 8 patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after spinal surgery and identify associated pre-, intra-, and postoperative risk factors in relation to outcome.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 8 patients treated over 16 years at a single institution and also reviewed the existing literature and collected demographic, treatment, and outcome information from 33 unique cases of remote ICH after spinal surgery.

Results
The risk factors most correlated with ICH postoperatively were the presence of a CSF leak intraoperatively and the use of drains postoperatively with moderate hourly serosanguineous output in the early postoperative period.

Conclusions
Intracranial hemorrhage is a rare complication of spinal surgery that is associated with CSF leakage and use of drains postoperatively, with moderate serosanguinous output. These associations do not justify a complete avoidance of drains in patients with CSF leakage but may guide the treating physician to keep in mind drain output and timing of drain removal, while noting any changes in neurological examination status in the meantime. Additionally, continued and worsening neurological symptoms after spinal surgery may warrant cranial imaging to rule out intracranial hemorrhage, usually within the first 24 hours after surgery. The presence of cerebellar hemorrhage and hydrocephalus indicated a trend toward worse outcome.
Le visage et le masque. Ellie Papadimitriou, une intellectuelle de gauche
Authors: Petropoulou Ioanna 
Published: July 2013

Ce texte traite les rapports entre création littéraire et engagement politique à travers le cas d’Ellie Papadimitriou (1900-1993). D’origine bourgeoise de Smyrne, Papadimitriou s’installa à Athènes après 1922. Dans les années 1930, elle a adhéré au Parti Communiste de Grèce, ce qui ne l’empêcha pas de travailler plus tard pour les Services Secrets Britanniques au Moyen Orient. Pour comprendre l’itinéraire de cette femme, il faut tenir compte des conditions dans lesquelles les communistes ont vécu en Grèce tout au long du xxe siècle. Militante et poétesse de gauche, Ellie Papadimitriou a connu les persécutions et la censure des régimes de droite de l’après-guerre. Elle a été la première à se servir de l’histoire orale en Grèce dans son ouvrage Le Discours commun, un recueil de témoignages oraux des « vaincus » de la défaite de l’Asie Mineure, de l’Occupation nazie et de la Guerre civile grecque. En raison de son double engagement politique, Ellie Papadimitriou a tenté de dissimuler sa vie et ne pas laisser de traces ni à ses contemporains ni aux générations futures. En guise de fouille archéologique, sa biographie met en évidence une grande partie de cette « vie occulte »
Identification and Isolation of Small CD44-Negative Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells From Human Bone Marrow Using Elutriation and Polychromatic Flow Cytometry
Authors: Hall Sean R.R. , Jiang Yajuan , Leary Elizabeth , Yavanian Greg , Eminli Sarah , O'Neill David W. , Marasco Wayne A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe method of isolation of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is a limiting factor in their study and therapeutic use. MSCs are typically expanded from BM cells selected on the basis of their adherence to plastic, which results in a heterogeneous population of cells. Prospective identification of the antigenic profile of the MSC population(s) in BM that gives rise to cells with MSC activity in vitro would allow the preparation of very pure populations of MSCs for research or clinical use. To address this issue, we used polychromatic flow cytometry and counterflow centrifugal elutriation to identify a phenotypically distinct population of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) within human BM. The MSPC activity resided within a population of rare, small CD45−CD73+CD90+CD105+ cells that lack CD44, an antigen that is highly expressed on culture-expanded MSCs. In culture, these MSPCs adhere to plastic, rapidly proliferate, and acquire CD44 expression. They form colony forming units-fibroblast and are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes under defined in vitro conditions. Their acquired expression of CD44 can be partially downregulated by treatment with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, a response not found in BM-MSCs derived from conventional plastic adherence methods. These observations indicate that MSPCs within human BM are rare, small CD45−CD73+CD90+CD105+ cells that lack expression of CD44. These MSPCs give rise to MSCs that have phenotypic and functional properties that are distinct from those of BM-MSCs purified by plastic adherence.
Blood Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Free of Reprogramming Factors Generated by Sendai Viral Vectors
Authors: Ye Lin , Muench Marcus O. , Fusaki Noemi , Beyer Ashley I. , Wang Jiaming , Qi Zhongxia , Yu Jingwei , Kan Yuet Wai 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for regenerative medicine since it is possible to produce patient-specific pluripotent stem cells from affected individuals for potential autologous treatment. Using nonintegrating cytoplasmic Sendai viral vectors, we generated iPSCs efficiently from adult mobilized CD34+ and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After 5–8 passages, the Sendai viral genome could not be detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Using the spin embryoid body method, we showed that these blood cell-derived iPSCs could efficiently be differentiated into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells without the need of coculture with either mouse or human stromal cells. We obtained up to 40% CD34+ of which ∼25% were CD34+/CD43+ hematopoietic precursors that could readily be differentiated into mature blood cells. Our study demonstrated a reproducible protocol for reprogramming blood cells into transgene-free iPSCs by the Sendai viral vector method. Maintenance of the genomic integrity of iPSCs without integration of exogenous DNA should allow the development of therapeutic-grade stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Design, Generation, and Experimental Procedures
Authors: Davydova Julia , Yamamoto Masato 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOncolytic adenoviruses are designed to take advantage of the virus' native ability to replicate in cancer cells to induce oncolysis. Subsequently, the released viral progeny spread and kill the neighboring cancer cells. These characteristics, together with the ability of adenovirus to infect a broad spectrum of cells, its well understood replication machinery, and relative ease of manufacture have led to the intensive use of adenovirus as an anticancer agent. This unit describes cloning strategies, procedures to turn the intended design into virus, and quality analyses of resultant adenoviral vectors. Most of these procedures were optimized especially for oncolytic adenoviral vectors. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 78:12.14.1‐12.14.21. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fractals
Authors: Meakin Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFractal structures have been observed in a variety of polymers and polymer composites. Their fractal character is associated with the scale invariance of polymer morphology or other properties. This article introduces basic aspects of fractal theory and models of polymer properties such as the percolation model for gelation. Methods to measure fractal dimensionalities and practical applications of fractal polymers are also presented.
A Distributed Ground: The Unknown Fields Division
Authors: Young Liam , Davies Kate 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAs leaders of the Unknown Fields Division at the Architectural Association (AA) School of Architecture in London, Liam Young and Kate Davies take their students on trips to the end of the earth. Cataloguing extreme territories, they investigate the role of design in developing new cultural relationships. Fictional speculation is used as an instrument for understanding emerging environmental and technological futures, in a process of experiencing, chronicling and, ultimately, reimagining the urban and the remote, and charting global flows and trajectories. Here they describe a speculative supply chain that begins below the surface of the Western Desert in outback Australia, and continues to the Arctic ‘Northwest Passage’ and on to London.
Scales of Metabolic Flows: Regional, Urban and Building Systems Design at SOM
Authors: Besserud Keith , Sarkisian Mark , Enquist Phil , Hartman Craig 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBy likening the process of urban design to the diagnostics and intervention of the routine blood test, Keith Besserud, Mark Sarkisian, Phil Enquist and Craig Hartman of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) provide a powerful biological metaphor for the city and its metabolic flows. Through their descriptions of SOM's work on the Great Lakes Vision (2009), Chicago Lakeside (2012) and the Pin‐Fuse Joint (2009), they illustrate the impact of metabolic flows of energy, information and matter at the scale of the regional, urban and architectural.
Metasystems of Urban Flow: Buro Happold's Collaborations in the Generation of New Urban Ecologies
Authors: Mangelsdorf Wolf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhen regarded as a whole, the flows of a city – made up of people, water, energy, information, materials and waste – constitute a large and complex ‘metasystem’. Wolf Mangelsdorf, Head of Structural Engineering at Buro Happold, describes a number of projects that Buro Happold has collaborated on with architects, urban planners and landscape architects that mark a significant shift in the design of urban infrastructures, recognising the importance of the metasystems of flow.
Ex Silico Ad Vivo: Computational Simulation and Urban Design at Foster + Partners
Authors: Aish Francis , Davis Adam , Tsigkari Martha 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhat makes a successful city? Can this be replicated simply by following tried‐and‐tested urban typologies? Francis Aish, Adam Davis and Martha Tsigkari of Foster + Partners' Applied Research + Development (ARD) group argue that technology allows other approaches to urban design. They explain that computational simulation is increasingly valuable in predicting how the dynamic and complex systems of a city might play out in an urban context, forging an exciting new alliance between computation and intuition.
The City Beyond Analogy
Authors: Fournier Colin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIs the city really all that complex? Can urban social behaviour be explained in the evolutionary drama of cross‐species competition? Is urban self‐organisation in fact the urban norm? Is the emphasis on systems that the ‘system city’ tag conjures up unduly restrictive? Colin Fournier, Emeritus Professor of Architecture and Urbanism at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London (UCL), prods and probes the precepts behind the System City issue, while being simultaneously fascinated and enthralled by it.
In Situ Formed Bifunctional Primary Amine‐Imine Catalyst: Application to the Construction of Chiral Tertiary Alcohols through Asymmetric Aldol‐Type Reaction
Authors: Mao Zhijie , Zhu Xi , Lin Aijun , Li Weipeng , Shi Yan , Mao Haibin , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn in situ formation method to obtain chiral bifunctional primary amine‐imine catalysts from the C2‐symmetric chiral diimines has been developed. The efficiency of this method in the construction of chiral tertiary alcohols which are valuable pharmaceutical intermediates is proved by its application to the asymmetric aldol‐type reaction of cyclic ketones with other activated ketone compounds as the enamine acceptors, i.e., β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters and isatins. In general, good to excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities (up to 96/4 dr, 96% ee for β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters and up to 91/9 dr, 94% ee for isatins) were obtained. The active primary amine‐imine catalylst and enamine intermediate in the reaction process could be demonstrated by ESI‐MS analysis.
Stereoselective Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of α‐Acetamido‐β‐enamino Esters: Straightforward Approach for the Construction of α,β‐Diamino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Yan , Chen Xing , Hu Xiao‐Yan , Shu Chang , Zhang Yong‐Hong , Zheng Yong‐Sheng , Lian Chun‐Xia , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Lewis base‐organocatalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of α‐acetamido‐β‐enamino esters was investigated. Among various chiral Lewis base catalysts, a novel catalyst derived from L‐serine was found to be the most efficient one which can promote the reaction to afford a series of α,β‐diamino acid derivatives with high yields (up to 99%), excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) and moderate diastereoselectivities (up to 80:20 dr). The absolute configuration of one of the products was determined by the X‐ray crystallographic analysis. In addition, the mechanism and the transition state of the reaction were proposed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Route to Three‐Component, One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclazines: 2,2a1,4‐Triazacyclopenta[cd]indenes
Authors: Yang Anjiang , Jiang Ruwei , Khorev Oleg , Yu Ting , Zhang Yongliang , Ma Lanping , Chen Guohua , Shen Jingkang , Meng Tao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn efficient tandem route to the synthesis of 2,2a1,4‐triazacyclopenta[cd]indene derivatives of the cyclazine family has been developed. The target compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields by an ytterbium(III) triflate/palladium(II) acetate‐catalyzed three‐component domino reaction involving a palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation of an α‐aminocarbonyl functionality. This in turn will set the stage for a wide application of this useful reaction for the synthesis of structurally diverse polyheterocyclic skeletons containing the privileged imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine structure.
Synthesis of Functionalized Azetidines through Chemoselective Zinc‐Catalyzed Reduction of β‐Lactams with Silanes
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Gómez‐Campillos Gonzalo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn efficient method for the one‐step conversion of β‐lactams to their corresponding functionalized azetidines has been developed. This approach takes advantage of the selective reduction of the 2‐azetidinone nucleus with hydrosilanes in the presence of a zinc‐based catalyst. The methodology is tolerant towards sensitive groups such as allene, ester, and cyanohydrin moieties. In addition, the process allows the preparation of enantiopure azetidines without erosion of the stereochemical integrity. A catalytic cycle involving an azetidinium salt intermediate has been proposed.
Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Stabilized Vinyl Diazo Derivatives and Nitriles
Authors: Lonzi Giacomo , López Luis A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe reaction of nitriles with alkenyldiazo compounds in the presence of gold catalysts provides functionalized pyrrole derivatives in moderate to high yields. This formal [3+2] cyclization reaction takes place with complete regioselectivity. The observed regiochemical outcome suggests the attack of the nitrile to the terminal position of the alkenylgold carbenoid (vinylogous reactivity). A broad range of nitriles (including those bearing functional groups) is compatible with this cyclization reaction.
Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Reduction of α‐Imino Esters with Catecholborane
Authors: Enders Dieter , Rembiak Andreas , Stöckel Bianca Anne 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe chemo‐ and enantioselective reduction of α‐imino esters with catecholborane has been developed employing 10 mol% of an enantiopure BINOL‐based phosphoric acid as organocatalyst. Various differently substituted aromatic α‐amino acid derivatives can be achieved in almost quantitative yields and very good to excellent enantioselectivities of up to 96% ee under mild reaction conditions.
Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs: An update after almost 20 years of research
Authors: Fabbri Chiara , Di Girolamo Giulia , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is an emergent cause of personal and socio‐economic burden, both for the high prevalence of the disorder and the unsatisfying response rate of the available antidepressant treatments. No reliable predictor of treatment efficacy and tolerance in the single patient is available, thus drug choice is based on a trial and error principle with poor clinical efficiency. Among modulators of treatment outcome, genetic polymorphisms are thought to explain a significant share of the inter‐individual variability. The present review collected the main pharmacogenetic findings primarily about antidepressant response and secondly about antidepressant induced side effects, and discussed the main strengths and limits of both candidate and genome‐wide association studies and the most promising methodological opportunities and challenges of the field. Despite clinical applications of antidepressant pharmacogenetics are not available yet, previous findings suggest that genotyping may be applied in the clinical practice. In order to reach this objective, further rigorous pharmacogenetic studies (adequate sample size, study of better defined clinical subtypes of MDD, adequate covering of the genetic variability), their combination with the results obtained through complementary methodologies (e.g., pathway analysis, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics), and finally cost‐effectiveness trials are required. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.