bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transformative Effects of Stigma: Coping Strategies as Meaning‐Making Efforts for Immigrants Living in Greece
Authors: Kadianaki Irini 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe present article examines the strategies that immigrants living in Greece use to cope with stigma that arises in their interaction with both Greek society and their communities of origin. Drawing on interviews and focus groups conducted with immigrants from a variety of countries, a dialogical analysis illuminates the ways in which immigrants actively negotiate stigmatizing perspectives and transform themselves. Strategies include the deployment of social categories such as those of ‘human being’ and ‘crazy’ person, and concepts such as those of ‘lawfulness’ and ‘fate’. These were used to construct meanings of equality and inclusion into society, to deny responsibility for stigma and to discredit stigma as absurd. They enabled participants to see themselves as proud, equal, self‐dependent individuals who plan actions for social change. The article suggests that coping with stigma should not only be understood in terms of stress regulation, leading to positive or negative outcomes, as suggested by current literature, but as a meaning‐making effort, through which individuals transform the way they see themselves and act within their world. A meaning‐making approach moves away from individualistic, outcome‐oriented explanations to a socially situated perspective on stigma that studies the processes through which social meanings are subjectively perceived as stigmatizing and are used to challenge stigma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resisting and Conforming to the ‘Lesbian Look’: The Importance of Appearance Norms for Lesbian and Bisexual Women
Authors: Huxley Caroline , Clarke Victoria , Halliwell Emma 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAppearance is one way in which lesbian and bisexual identities and affiliation to lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) subculture can be demonstrated. ‘Butch’ and ‘androgynous’ styles have been used by lesbian women to communicate a non‐heterosexual identity. However, some LGB appearance researchers have argued that there has been a mainstreaming and diversification of lesbian style in the last couple of decades, which has resulted in less distinction between lesbian and straight looks. This research draws on the Social Identity approach to explore contemporary style in lesbian and bisexual communities. Fifteen lesbian and bisexual women took part in semi‐structured interviews which were analysed using thematic analysis. Although some participants reported a diversification of lesbian style, most used the term ‘butch’ to describe lesbian style, and a ‘boyish’ look was viewed as the most common contemporary lesbian style. By contrast, most participants could not identify distinct bisexual appearance norms. The data provide evidence of conflicting desires (and expectations) to visibly project social identity by conforming to specific lesbian styles, and to be an authentic, unique individual by resisting these subcultural styles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Topology, in Model Membranes, of the Core Peptide Derived from the T‐Cell Receptor Transmembrane Domain
Authors: Matalon Erez , Faingold Omri , Eisenstein Miriam , Shai Yechiel , Goldfarb Daniella 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe T‐cell receptor–CD3 complex (TCR–CD3) serves a critical role in protecting organisms from infectious agents. The TCR is a heterodimer composed of α‐ and β‐chains, which are responsible for antigen recognition. Within the transmembrane domain of the α‐subunit, a region has been identified to be crucial for the assembly and function of the TCR. This region, termed core peptide (CP), consists of nine amino acids (GLRILLLKV), two of which are charged (lysine and arginine) and are crucial for the interaction with CD3. Earlier studies have shown that a synthetic peptide corresponding to the CP sequence can suppress the immune response in animal models of T‐cell‐mediated inflammation, by disrupting proper assembly of the TCR. As a step towards the understanding of the source of the CP activity, we focused on CP in egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (9:1, mol/mol) model membranes and determined its secondary structure, oligomerization state, and orientation with respect to the membrane. To achieve this goal, 15‐residue segments of TCRα, containing the CP, were synthesized and spin‐labeled at different locations with a nitroxide derivative. Electron spin‐echo envelope modulation spectroscopy was used to probe the position and orientation of the peptides within the membrane, and double electron–electron resonance measurements were used to probe its conformation and oligomerization state. We found that the peptide is predominantly helical in a membrane environment and tends to form oligomers (mostly dimers) that are parallel to the membrane plane.
Molecular‐Scale Imaging of Water Near Charged Surfaces
Authors: Mehlhorn Michael , Schnur Sebastian , Groß Axel , Morgenstern Karina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe orientation of water molecules on water bilayers is investigated on Cu(111) by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. Theory predicts that the application of a field reorients the adsorbed water molecules at a distance of close to a nanometer from the surface. Experimental evidence is presented for this prediction. Furthermore, the process differs strongly between adsorption on two and on three ordered layers. We propose that these results give insight into the behavior of the diffusive layer close to electrodes.
Pristine Carbon‐Nanotube‐Included Supramolecular Hydrogels with Tunable Viscoelastic Properties
Authors: Mandal Subhra Kanti , Kar Tanmoy , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch investigations involving pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their applications in diversified fields have been gathering enormous impetus in recent times. One such emerging domain deals with the hybridization of CNTs within hydrogels to form soft nanocomposites with superior properties. However, till now, reports on the inclusion of pristine CNTs within low‐molecular‐weight hydrogels are very scarce due to their intrinsic feature of remaining in the bundled state and strong repulsive behavior to the aqueous milieu. Herein, the synthesis of a series of amino acid/dipeptide‐based amphiphilic hydrogelators having a quaternary ammonium/imidazolium moiety at the polar head and a C16 hydrocarbon chain as the hydrophobic segment is reported. The synthesized amphiphiles exhibited excellent hydrogelation (minimum gelation concentration (MGC) ≈0.7–5 % w/v) as well as single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) dispersion ability in aqueous medium. Interestingly, the dispersed SWNTs were incorporated into the supramolecular hydrogel formed by amphiphiles with an imidazolium moiety at the polar end through complementary cation–π and π–π interactions. More importantly, the newly synthesized hydrogelators were able to accommodate a significantly high amount of pristine SWNTs (2–3.5 % w/v) at their MGCs without affecting the gelating properties. This is the first time that such a huge amount of SWNTs has been successfully incorporated within hydrogels. The efficient inclusion of SWNTs to develop soft nanocomposites was thoroughly investigated by spectroscopic and microscopic methods. Remarkably, the developed nanocomposites showed manifold enhancement (≈85‐fold) in their mechanical strength compared with native hydrogel without SWNTs. The viscoelastic properties of these nanocomposites were readily tuned by varying the amount of incorporated CNTs.
Effect of Statin Pretreatment on Myocardial Perfusion in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Lyu Ting , Zhao Yichao , Zhang Tuo , Zhou Wen , Yang Fan , He Qing , Yuan Ancai , Yao Tianbao , Pu Jun , He Ben 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo achieve sufficient myocardial perfusion in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), many adjunctive therapies have been proposed. Previous trials have reported variances in myocardial perfusion improvement for statin pretreatment, which made it inconvincible to confirm the beneficial effects of statins. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine whether statin pretreatment was effective in improving myocardial perfusion.HypothesisStatin pretreatment could improve myocardial perfusion in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library databases for studies evaluating the impact of statin pretreatment on myocardial perfusion in STEMI patients receiving PPCI.ResultsTwelve trials were finally included in our meta‐analysis. There were no significant differences in patients' baseline characteristics between the statin pretreatment and control groups. Overall pooled analysis showed that patients in the statin pretreatment groups had significantly better epicardial coronary blood flow (measured by Thrombosis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade, odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28 to 0.84; measured by corrected TIMI frame count, mean difference: −5.63; 95% CI: −9.66 to −1.6). A trend toward myocardial tissue level perfusion improvement was seen in the statin pretreatment arm rather than the control arm (measured by myocardial blush grade, OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.09).ConclusionsThis present meta‐analysis suggests that statin pretreatment might be effective in improving myocardial perfusion in STEMI patients.
The Cell’s Nucleolus: an Emerging Target for Chemotherapeutic Intervention
Authors: Pickard Amanda J. , Bierbach Ulrich 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe transient nucleolus plays a central role in the up‐regulated synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to sustain ribosome biogenesis, a hallmark of aberrant cell growth. This function, in conjunction with its unique pathohistological features in malignant cells and its ability to mediate apoptosis, renders this sub‐nuclear structure a potential target for chemotherapeutic agents. In this Minireview, structurally and functionally diverse small molecules are discussed that have been reported to either interact with the nucleolus directly or perturb its function indirectly by acting on its dynamic components. These molecules include all major classes of nucleic‐acid‐targeted agents, antimetabolites, kinase inhibitors, anti‐inflammatory drugs, natural product antibiotics, oligopeptides, as well as nanoparticles. Together, these molecules are invaluable probes of structure and function of the nucleolus. They also provide a unique opportunity to develop novel strategies for more selective and therefore better‐tolerated chemotherapeutic intervention. In this regard, inhibition of RNA polymerase‐I‐mediated rRNA synthesis appears to be a promising mechanism for killing cancer cells. The recent development of molecules targeted at G‐quadruplex‐forming rRNA gene sequences, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, seems to attest to the success of this approach.
Intermolecular Spin Relaxation and Translation Diffusion in Liquids and Polymer Melts: Insight from Field‐Cycling1H NMR Relaxometry
Authors: Meier Roman , Kruk Danuta , Rössler Ernst A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWith the advent of commercial field‐cycling (FC) spectrometers, NMR relaxometry has gained new momentum as a method of investigating dynamics in liquids and polymers. The outcome of FC NMR experiments is spin–lattice relaxation time versus frequency (relaxation dispersion). In the case of protons, due to the intra‐ and intermolecular origin of dipolar interactions, the relaxation dispersion reflects rotational as well as translational dynamics. The latter shows a universal dispersion law at low frequencies, which allows determination of the diffusion coefficientD(T) in addition to the rotational correlation timeτrot(T), that is, FC1H NMR becomes an alternative to field‐gradient NMR spectroscopy. Subdiffusive translation found in polymers can be accessed by singling out the intermolecular relaxation through isotope dilution experiments, and the mean square displacement can then be revealed as a function of time, thus complementing neutron scattering experiments. Likewise, information on reorientational dynamics is provided by the intramolecular relaxation. Assuming frequency–temperature superposition the corresponding correlation functions can be monitored up to eight decades in amplitude and time, which allows thorough testing of current polymer theories.
Difference in the Photophysical Properties of a Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide Dimer and a Hexamer Linked by the Same Hexaphenylbenzene Group
Authors: Xue Lin , Shi Yan , Zhang Liangliang , Li Xiyou 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA perylenetetracarboxylic diimide hexamer (6PDI) and a dimer (2PDI) linked with the same hexaphenylbenzene group were prepared, and the structures were fully characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Due to the similar molecular structure of these two compounds, similar interactions between/among the PDI subunits as well as similar photophysical properties are expected. However, the stationary UV/Vis absorption spectra reveal that the interactions among/between the PDI subunits in 6PDI are significantly stronger than those in 2PDI. This can be attributed to blocked rotation along the long axis of the PDI subunits in 6PDI due to steric hindrance of the two neighboring PDI subunits. The stronger interactions among the PDI subunits in 6PDI lead to long‐wavelength emission, which can be assigned to “excimer‐like” excited states. A similar conclusion can also be deduced from the fluorescence quantum yields and the fluorescence lifetimes. Electrochemical studies revealed that interactions between/among the PDI subunits in both 2PDI and 6PDI are still in the range of weak interactions. Ultrafast transient anisotropy decay dynamics revealed that excitation delocalization between the PDI subunits within 2PDI and 6PDI is quick and efficient. More interestingly, delocalization is faster in 6PDI than in 2PDI, probably because of the stronger interactions among the PDI subunits in the former.
Adipocytokine levels in women with anorexia nervosa. Relationship with weight restoration and disease duration
Authors: Terra Ximena , Auguet Teresa , Agüera Zaida , Quesada Isabel Maria , Orellana‐Gavaldà Josep Maria , Aguilar Carmen , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Berlanga Alba , Guiu‐Jurado Esther , Menchón José Manuel , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Richart Cristóbal 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveStarvation‐induced depletion of fat stores in anorexia nervosa (AN) is known to be accompanied by alterations in some circulating adipocytokines. We analyzed a panel of circulating adipocytokines in women with AN compared with normal‐weight controls and their relation with the disease duration and weight restoration.MethodWe analyzed circulating adipocytokine levels in 28 patients with AN and in 33 normal‐weight controls who were eating healthily. We determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay the circulating levels of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, lipocalin‐2 (LCN2), leptin, tumor necrosis factor receptor‐II (TNFRII), interleukin‐6 (IL6), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein‐4 (FABP4), ghrelin, and resistin.ResultsThe two circulating forms of adiponectin are higher in AN women compared with controls. Both total and HMW adiponectin related negatively to the duration of the disease (r = −0.372, p = 0.033; r = −0.450, p = 0.038, respectively). Furthermore, the lipid binding‐proteins LCN2 and FABP4 are lower in AN compared to the control group. Finally, leptin levels are lower in AN against controls and correlated positively with disease duration (r = 0.537, p = 0.007). Resistin, ghrelin, TNFRII, and IL6 have similar values in both groups, although TNFRII and ghrelin related negatively to body mass index variation at the end of treatment (r = −0.456, p = 0.039; r = −0.536, p = 0.015, respectively).DiscussionThese results suggest there is a need to investigate if changes in adipocytokine levels could serve as weight restoration biomarkers. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the specific role of these molecules in the timing of weight restoration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:855–861)
Synthesis of a trans‐Hydrindanone, Precursor for the Preparation of Vitamin D Analogues
Authors: Gándara Zoila , Rivadulla Marcos L. , Pérez Manuel , Gómez Generosa , Fall Yagamare 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe developed a very efficient and practical method for the large‐scale synthesis of a trans‐hydrindan derivative related to vitamin D, based on the Criegee rearrangement. This ketone is a valuable synthon for the preparation of Gemini‐type vitamin D analogues or other calcitriol analogues modified at C‐20, C‐21 or the D‐ring. Our methodology is superior to those previously reported when considering efficiency and expediency.
Investigation of Protein Binding With All Solid‐State Ion‐Selective Electrodes
Authors: Prabhu Alok , Bobacka Johan , Ivaska Ari , Levon Kalle 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA potentiometric sensor for studying charge based adsorption of proteins was created using a single‐piece polyaniline‐PVC ion‐selective electrode (ISE). Three different ISEs, two for Na+ and one for Cl− ion determination, were studied. The Na+‐ISEs consisted of a neutral calixarene‐based ionophore and one with a charged carrier dinonylnapthalenesulfonic acid (DNNSA) whereas for the Cl− ISE, an anion exchanger tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDDMA+Cl−), was used. The Na+ ISE with DNNSA as the charged carrier was successfully able to discriminate the binding of two different proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) based on their intrinsic charge.
An All Solid State Potentiometric Sensor for Monohydrogen Phosphate Ions
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Kim Dong‐Min , Hyun Myung Ho , Won Mi‐Sook , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn all solid state potentiometric sensor using anthracene thiourea derivative as ionophore was developed. It exhibited a near‐Nernstian slope of 30.8±1.0 mV/decade of activity for HPO42− ions in the concentration range of 1.0×10−7–1.0×10−3 M at pH 7.4. It displayed excellent selectivity for monohydrogen phosphate over other anions and the selectivity sequence was determined as HPO42−>SO42−>Cl−>NO3−>OAc−>I−>ClO4−. The developed sensor was evaluated for the analysis of monohydrogen phosphate ions in a standard reference material (SRM 1548) as well as in the potentiometric titration of phosphate ions with a barium chloride solution.
A single-parameter logistic equation for fitting concentration-response curves from standard acute ecotoxicity assays
Authors: Trögl Josef , Benediktová Kateřina , Pilařová Věra , Synek Václav 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

A set of 69 concentration–response curves from 5 acute ecotoxicity assays was fitted with a 2-parameter logistic equation. High correlation between values of regression parameters suggested similar slopes of the curves. This enabled derivation of the empirical single-parameter logistic equation with the sole median effective concentration (EC50) parameter. Such an equation might be useful in the evaluation of lower-quality (preliminary) experimental data and for the reduction of the number of test organisms and of testing costs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2412–2416. © 2013 SETAC
Interaction predictability of opportunistic networks in academic environments
Authors: Ciobanu Radu‐Ioan , Marin Radu‐Corneliu , Dobre Ciprian 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe ubiquitousness of mobile devices in recent years has led to an ever‐growing interest in mobile networks. One such example is represented by opportunistic networks, which are composed of mobile devices that interact in a store‐carry‐and‐forward fashion. A mobile node stores data and carries it around; when it encounters another node, it may decide to forward the data if the encountered node is the destination or has a better chance of bringing the data closer to the destination. If the encountered node is likely to have a contact with the destination sooner than the data carrier, the data should be forwarded, in order for it to reach its destination with a lower delivery latency. Because nodes in opportunistic networks are carried by humans, their mobility plays a very important role in the behaviour of the network. Therefore, predicting a node's interactions and mobility patterns is paramount to the implementation of efficient routing algorithms. Thus, in this paper we present a mobile interaction trace collected at the University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest in the spring of 2012 and analyse it in terms of the predictability of encounters and contact durations. We show that there is a regular pattern in the contact history of a node and we prove that by modelling the time series as a Poisson distribution (with the number of contacts being the Poisson events in a fixed one‐hour interval), we can efficiently predict the number of contacts per time unit in the future. These assumptions are demonstrated both on the trace presented here, as well as on a trace recorded in a different environment, showing that predictability doesn't happen only in strict and controlled situations. Moreover, we analyse the predictability of an opportunistic node's sightings of wireless access points, which can help us discover a user's patterns and behaviour. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and stable finite element solver of higher order in space and time for nonstationary incompressible flow
Authors: Hussain S. , Schieweck F. , Turek S. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present fully implicit continuous Galerkin–Petrov (cGP) and discontinuous Galerkin (dG) time‐stepping schemes for incompressible flow problems which are, in contrast to standard approaches like for instance the Crank–Nicolson scheme, of higher order in time. In particular, we analyze numerically the higher order dG(1) and cGP(2) methods, which are super convergent of third, resp., fourth order in time, whereas for the space discretization, the well‐known LBB‐stable finite element pair of third‐order accuracy is used. The discretized systems of nonlinear equations are treated by using the Newton method, and the associated linear subproblems are solved by means of a monolithic (geometrical) multigrid method with a blockwise Vanka‐like smoother treating all components simultaneously. We perform nonstationary simulations (in 2D) for two benchmarking configurations to analyze the temporal accuracy and efficiency of the presented time discretization schemes w.r.t. CPU and numerical costs. As a first test problem, we consider a classical ‘flow around cylinder’ benchmark. Here, we concentrate on the nonstationary behavior of the flow patterns with periodic oscillations and examine the ability of the different time discretization schemes to capture the dynamics of the flow. As a second test case, we consider the nonstationary ‘flow through a Venturi pipe’. The objective of this simulation is to control the instantaneous and mean flux through this device. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.