bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessors or Popular Jury? Variations around Citizen Participation in the Chinese Justice System
Authors: Li Bin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCitizen participation in Chinese justice may take the shape of assessors sitting alongside professional judges, or, as it is sometimes the case on an experimental basis, of the introduction of a people's jury in local courts. Yet, these forms of participation do not alter the fundamental features of Chinese governance: the lack of legal autonomy of law, and the lack of independence of judges with respect to the political authority. These remain the main obstacles to the extablishment of the rule of law in China. In fact, the changes in the system of assessors and jurors have failed to legitimate the judicial power through participation and transparency. Experience has shown, on the contrary, that assessors and jurors remain fully subordinate to professional judges, who continue to have the controlling hand over the justice system. Nevertheless Chinese citizens, along with the parties involved in trials, are not duped by such arrangements. Once the limits of the practical utility of assessors and jurors becomes apparent, the question of the relationship between the people and judicial authority will inevitably be posed anew. The reply to the question will be even more pressing, since it will no longer be possible to use the same subterfuge. That is why citizen participation in justice is so crucial in a China in search of democracy.
Culinary efficacy: an exploratory study of skills, confidence, and healthy cooking competencies among university students
Authors: Murray Douglas W , Mahadevan Meena , Gatto Kelsey , O’Connor Kaitlyn , Fissinger Alexis , Bailey Dylan , Cassara Eric 
Published: September 2015

Aims: This study was conducted to determine whether a group of college-age students in New Jersey, USA, had the requisite culinary skills, knowledge, and confidence to take personal control of their meal planning and production. The long-term threat to the public health systems posed by high rates of obesity among young adults in higher education institutions has garnered widespread attention across the world. Studies have shown that assuming personal responsibility over preparing and consuming food can play a key role in addressing the problem of poor nutrient intakes. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with students ( N = 24) who fit the eligibility criteria of not having a university meal plan, and living independently at the time of the study (not with family members). The sessions were recorded, transcribed, and then coded into themes. Two trained research assistants tested the results and inter-rater reliability was confirmed. Results: Content analysis revealed three major themes: Health Perceptions, Life influences, and Barriers to Cooking and Eating Healthy. The students’ comments indicated that while they had a basic knowledge of the key principles of eating a balanced diet, it may not have necessarily translated into actual food choices and cooking practices. Several students reported an overreliance on processed and prepared foods, and they consumed few fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: Factors such as lack of culinary knowledge and skill, financial instability, inadequate access to healthy food options, and other time/lifestyle constraints may have played a significant role in limiting their ability to prepare and consume healthy meals. The findings of this study highlight the importance of designing programmes with effective strategies to motivate and encourage college students to improve their food behaviours and practices.
A Nationwide Analysis of Outcomes of Weekend Admissions for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Shows Disparities Based on Hospital Teaching Status
Authors: Patel Achint A. , Mahajan Abhimanyu , Benjo Alexandre , Pathak Ambarish , Kar Jitesh , Jani Vishal B. , Annapureddy Narender , Agarwal Shiv Kumar , Sabharwal Manpreet S. , Simoes Priya K. , Konstantinidis Ioannis , Yacoub Rabi , Javed Fahad , El Hayek Georges , Menon Madhav C. , Nadkarni Girish N. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose: With the “weekend effect” being well described, the Brain Attack Coalition released a set of “best practice” guidelines in 2005, with the goal to uniformly provide standard of care to patients with stroke. We attempted to define a “weekend effect” in outcomes among patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) over the last decade, utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data. We also attempted to analyze the trend of such an effect. Materials and Methods: We determined the association of ICH weekend admissions with hospital outcomes including mortality, adverse discharge, length of stay, and cost compared to weekday admissions using multivariable logistic regression. We extracted our study cohort from the NIS, the largest all-payer data set in the United States. Results: Of 485 329 ICH admissions from 2002 to 2011, 27.5% were weekend admissions. Overall, weekend admissions were associated with 11% higher odds of in-hospital mortality. When analyzed in 3-year groups, excess mortality of weekend admissions showed temporal decline. There was higher mortality with weekend admissions in nonteaching hospitals persisted (odds ratios 1.16, 1.13, and 1.09, respectively, for 3-year subgroups). Patients admitted during weekends were also 9% more likely to have an adverse discharge (odds ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.11; P < .001) with no variation by hospital status. There was no effect of a weekend admission on either length of stay or cost of care. Conclusion: Nontraumatic ICH admissions on weekends have higher in-hospital mortality and adverse discharge. This demonstrates need for in-depth review for elucidating this discrepancy and stricter adherence to standard-of-care guidelines to ensure uniform care.
Partial reconstitution of humoral immunity and fewer infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with ibrutinib
Authors: Sun Clare , Tian Xin , Lee Yuh Shan , Gunti Sreenivasulu , Lipsky Andrew , Herman Sarah E. M. , Salem Dalia , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance , Kardava Lela , Moir Susan , Maric Irina , Valdez Janet , Soto Susan , Marti Gerald E. , Farooqui Mohammed Z. , Notkins Abner L. , Wiestner Adrian , Aue Georg 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsIbrutinib allows for partial reconstitution of normal B cells and humoral immunity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Infection rate decreased with time on ibrutinib and was inversely correlated with improvements in serum IgA.
Influence ofN-acetylcysteine on chronic bronchitis or COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cazzola Mario , Calzetta Luigino , Page Clive , Jardim Josè , Chuchalin Alexander G. , Rogliani Paola , Gabriella Matera Maria 
Published: September 2015

In order to clarify the possible role ofN-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we have carried out a meta-analysis testing the available evidence that NAC treatment may be effective in preventing exacerbations of chronic bronchitis or COPD and evaluating whether there is a substantial difference between the responses induced by low (≤600 mg per day) and high (>600 mg per day) doses of NAC.The results of the present meta-analysis (13 studies, 4155 COPD patients, NAC n=1933; placebo or controls n=2222) showed that patients treated with NAC had significantly and consistently fewer exacerbations of chronic bronchitis or COPD (relative risk 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.84; p<0.01), although this protective effect was more apparent in patients without evidence of airway obstruction. However, high doses of NAC were also effective in patients suffering from COPD diagnosed using spirometric criteria (relative risk 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.82; p=0.04). NAC was well tolerated and the risk of adverse reactions was not dose-dependent (low doses relative risk 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.97; p=0.40; high doses relative risk 1.11, 95% CI 0.89–1.39; p=0.58).The strong signal that comes from this meta-analysis leads us to state that if a patient suffering from chronic bronchitis presents a documented airway obstruction, NAC should be administered at a dose of ≥1200 mg per day to prevent exacerbations, while if a patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, but is without airway obstruction, a regular treatment of 600 mg per day seems to be sufficient.
Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: where do we stand?
Authors: Cappelli Susanna , Bellando Randone Silvia , Camiciottoli Gianna , De Paulis Amato , Guiducci Serena , Matucci-Cerinic Marco 
Published: September 2015

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and despite recent advances in the treatment is, at present, the major cause of death. Today, an early diagnosis of ILD is possible, and is mandatory to improve the prognosis of the disease.Pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography remain the mainstay for the diagnosis of SSc-ILD, but there is a growing interest in lung ultrasound. Recently, the correlation between severity of fibrosis and some peripheral blood biomarkers has been described.Nonselective immunosuppressors are still the main treatment for ILD, with cyclophosphamide (CYC) most widely used to obtain remission. Novel therapies towards specific molecular and cellular targets have been suggested; in particular, rituximab (RTX) has shown promising results, but further research is needed. It is of paramount importance to define the severity of the disease and the risk of progression in order to define the need for treatment and the treatment intensity. We propose the division of the treatment strategies at our disposal to induce remission into three categories: high intensity (haematopoietic stem cell transplantation), medium intensity (CYC and RTX) and low intensity (azathioprine (AZA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)). After obtaining remission, maintenance treatment with AZA or MMF should be started.In this review we explore new advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SSc-ILD.
Impact of a cis-associated gene expression SNP
on chromosome 20q11.22 on bipolar disorder susceptibility, hippocampal
structure and cognitive performance
Authors: Li Ming , Luo Xiong-jian , Landén Mikael , Bergen Sarah E. , Hultman Christina M. , Li Xiao , Zhang Wen , Yao Yong-Gang , Zhang Chen , Liu Jiewei , Mattheisen Manuel , Cichon Sven , Mühleisen Thomas W. , Degenhardt Franziska A. , Nöthen Markus M. , Schulze Thomas G. , Grigoroiu-Serbanescu Maria , Li Hao , Fuller Chris K. , Chen Chunhui , Dong Qi , Chen Chuansheng , Jamain Stéphane , Leboyer Marion , Bellivier Frank , Etain Bruno , Kahn Jean-Pierre , Henry Chantal , Preisig Martin , Kutalik Zoltán , Castelao Enrique , Wright Adam , Mitchell Philip B. , Fullerton Janice M. , Schofield Peter R. , Montgomery Grant W. , Medland Sarah E. , Gordon Scott D. , Martin Nicholas G. ,   MooDS Consortium,   The Swedish Bipolar Study Group, Rietschel Marcella , Liu Chunyu , Kleinman Joel E. , Hyde Thomas M. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Su Bing 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundBipolar disorder is a highly heritable polygenic disorder. Recent
enrichment analyses suggest that there may be true risk variants for
bipolar disorder in the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in the
brain.AimsWe sought to assess the impact of eQTL variants on bipolar disorder risk
by combining data from both bipolar disorder genome-wide association
studies (GWAS) and brain eQTL.MethodTo detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence
expression levels of genes associated with bipolar disorder, we jointly
analysed data from a bipolar disorder GWAS (7481 cases and 9250 controls)
and a genome-wide brain (cortical) eQTL (193 healthy controls) using a
Bayesian statistical method, with independent follow-up replications. The
identified risk SNP was then further tested for association with
hippocampal volume (n = 5775) and cognitive performance
(n = 342) among healthy individuals.ResultsIntegrative analysis revealed a significant association between a brain
eQTL rs6088662 on chromosome 20q11.22 and bipolar disorder (log Bayes
factor = 5.48; bipolar disorder P =
5.85×10–5). Follow-up studies across multiple independent
samples confirmed the association of the risk SNP (rs6088662) with gene
expression and bipolar disorder susceptibility (P =
3.54×10–8). Further exploratory analysis revealed that
rs6088662 is also associated with hippocampal volume and cognitive
performance in healthy individuals.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that 20q11.22 is likely a risk region for bipolar
disorder; they also highlight the informative value of integrating
functional annotation of genetic variants for gene expression in
advancing our understanding of the biological basis underlying complex
disorders, such as bipolar disorder.
Phylogenetic relationships among Dorema, Ferula and Leutea (Apiaceae: Scandiceae: Ferulinae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA noncoding sequences
Authors: Panahi Mehrnoush , Banasiak Łukasz , Piwczyński Marcin , Puchałka Radosław , Oskolski Alexei A. , Spalik Krzysztof 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDorema, Ferula and Leutea are genera of Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae, subtribe Ferulinae. Their placement in Scandiceae was established based only on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) sequence variation. Previous molecular studies suggested that Dorema and Leutea are nested within Ferula. To confirm relationships and eventual nomenclatural changes, we increased taxonomic sampling and examined nrDNA ITS and three noncoding cpDNA markers: rpoB‐trnC intergenic spacer and rps16 and rpoC1 introns. Ninety‐one species were included representing 68 species of Ferula, 6 species of Dorema, 9 species of Leutea and 8 outgroup taxa. Nuclear and plastid DNA data were analysed separately and combined using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches; based on the set of Bayesian trees several topological hypotheses on relationships among these genera were tested. As nrDNA and cpDNA gene trees differed somewhat, the degree of topological conflict was assessed using internode certainty (IC) and tree certainty (TC) measures calculated from ML bootstrap analyses. In all analyses, Leutea was monophyletic. In nrDNA trees it was nested within Ferula (with low support), while in cpDNA it was sister to the Ferula + Dorema clade. In all analyses, Dorema species were placed in one subclade of Ferula and intermingled with its members. IC support for the sister position of Leutea to remaining Ferulinae and the TC support were higher in combined analyses than in the analyses of cpDNA data alone, indicating that the gene trees are not significantly different with respect to this internode. Our results do not contradict the taxonomic position of Leutea as a separate genus but suggest that Dorema should be subsumed within Ferula.
The Effective Method of Memorizing, Saving фnd Reproducing Information in Teaching Process of Preschool Age Children
Authors: Головятенко  , Golovyatenko Tatyana 
Published: September 2015

The article devoted to the innovative technique of developing coherent
speech in senior pre-school age – mnemotechnics providing effective
memorization, preservation and reproduction of the information through the
formation of associations (links).
Monitoramento do Programa Academia das Cidades e da Saúde: a experiência de Pernambuco
Authors: Lemos Emmanuelly , Paes Isabella , Abath Marcella , Brainer Mateus , Lima Joana 
Published: September 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: ">O objetivo deste manuscrito é descrever o processo de implantação do monitoramento do Programa Academia das Cidades e da Saúde no Estado de Pernambuco e os principais resultados alcançados com esse processo. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a implantação do monitoramento do Programa Academia das Cidades e da Saúde, no período de outubro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. Os resultados alcançados foram à construção intersetorial do monitoramento mensal dos polos nos municípios, com definição de instrumento para coletar os dados e estabelecimento de rotina e fluxo do processo de trabalho, a produção de um documento oficial para compartilhar as experiências entre os municípios do Estado e fortalecimento e aproximação das relações entre os entes federativos. A implantação do monitoramento dos Programas favoreceu a intersetorialidade, fortalece o vínculo com os municípios e a corresponsabilidade e cogestão entre as secretarias envolvidas e os municípios. </span></p>
Milking the Quality Test: Improving the Milk Supply Chain Under Competing Collection Intermediaries
Authors: Mu Liying , Dawande Milind , Geng Xianjun , Mookerjee Vijay 
Published: September 2015

We examine operational and incentive issues that conspire to reduce the quality of milk—via deliberate adulteration by milk farmers—acquired by competing collection intermediaries in developing countries. Broadly speaking, three main forces in the milk supply chain lead to the low quality of milk: high testing costs, harmful competition among stations, and free-riding among farmers. The goal of this study is to provide recommendations that address the quality problem with minimal testing. Interestingly, some intuitive interventions—such as providing stations with better infrastructure (e.g., storage and refrigeration facilities) or subsidizing testing costs—could hurt the quality of milk in the presence of competition. To save testing costs we utilize mixed testing, where the milk combined from multiple farmers is tested once. However, mixed testing makes the system vulnerable to free-riding among farmers. We counter free-riding by applying a credible threat of individual testing (although not its actual use in equilibrium). We then propose two interventions to combat the harmful competition among stations. The novelty of our proposals lies in utilizing the force of competition to solve a problem created by competition. The incentives in our proposals provide a new tool for the stations to compete and convert the harmful effect of competition (quality reduction) into a beneficial one (quality improvement), resulting in a socially desirable equilibrium outcome: all the farmers provide high-quality milk and each competing station conducts only one mixed test and no further testing. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Predicting early clinical function after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Poitras S. , Wood K. S. , Savard J. , Dervin G. F. , Beaule P. E. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives Patient function after arthroplasty should ideally quickly improve. It is not known which peri-operative function assessments predict length of stay (LOS) and short-term functional recovery. The objective of this study was to identify peri-operative functions assessments predictive of hospital LOS and short-term function after hospital discharge in hip or knee arthroplasty patients. Methods In total, 108 patients were assessed peri-operatively with the timed-up-and-go (TUG), Iowa level of assistance scale, post-operative quality of recovery scale, readiness for hospital discharge scale, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The older Americans resources and services activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire (OARS) was used to assess function two weeks after discharge. Results Following multiple regressions, the pre- and post-operative day two TUG was significantly associated with LOS and OARS score, while the pre-operative WOMAC function subscale was associated with the OARS score. Pre-operatively, a cut-off TUG time of 11.7 seconds for LOS and 10.3 seconds for short-term recovery yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity, while a cut-off WOMAC function score of 48.5/100 yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. Post-operatively, a cut-off day two TUG time of 31.5 seconds for LOS and 30.9 seconds for short-term function yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions The pre- and post-operative day two TUG can indicate hospital LOS and short-term functional capacities, while the pre-operative WOMAC function subscale can indicate short-term functional capacities. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:145–151.
Temporal Release Pattern of Copeptin and Troponin T in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome and Spontaneous Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Slagman Anna , Searle Julia , Müller Christian , Möckel Martin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The release pattern of copeptin during the initial 36 h of spontaneous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has received relatively little investigation but may provide important information on optimal timing of diagnostic measurements.

METHODS
We investigated the release pattern of copeptin and cardiac troponin T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Blood samples were collected in the ambulance, at admission, and after 2, 4, 6, and 12–36 h. Copeptin and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were measured in heparin plasma samples.

RESULTS
Of 93 patients studied, 37 (39.8%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 20 (21.5%) non-STEMI, 20 (21.5%) unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 16 (17.2%) non-ACS diagnoses. Peak copeptin concentrations were detected during ambulance transport for NSTEMI patients [median 94.0 pmol/L, interquartile range (IQR) 53.3–302.1 pmol/L] and at admission for patients with STEMI (70.0 pmol/L, 22.0–144.8 pmol/L). In patients with AMI, copeptin decreased significantly over time (P &lt; 0.0001). This was true for patients with STEMI (P = 0.005) and non-STEMI (P = 0.021). The diagnostic performance during ambulance transport was similar for hs-cTnT (area under the ROC curve 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.88) and copeptin (0.81, 0.69–0.92). In early presenters (n = 52), no patient with AMI was initially (in ambulance or at admission) negative for copeptin, resulting in an area under the ROC curve of 0.963 for ambulance values and a negative predictive value of 100%. In late presenters, the negative predictive value of copeptin was 50% in ambulance and at admission.

CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis is the first to show a consistent early increase in copeptin at first medical contact in the ambulance and a decrease to routine values within 12–36 h in patients presenting early with spontaneous AMI.
Art-based action research – participatory art for the north
Authors: Jokela Timo , Hiltunen Mirja , Härkönen Elina 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The article will introduce the art-based action research method and the practices and knowledge gained in the fields of art and design education, taking into account contemporary art’s situational, contextual and communal nature. The method is collaboratively created and developed by a small group of artists, educators and researchers with the participation of the students in the Faculty of Art and Design at the University of Lapland to guide the next generation of art and design education scholars. The method, as part of art education and applied visual arts Master’s and Doctoral theses, takes into account the university’s northern circumstances and special features. The article discusses the relevance of the engaging participatory art parallel to developing the art-based research method in visual art education. The article also seeks to introduce a new perspective to the discussion about research in art universities.