bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of Feldspar Intergrowth Microtextures from Paleoproterozoic Granitoids in Central India: Implications to Exsolution Processes in Granitic System
Authors: Pandit Dinesh 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Various forms of feldspar intergrowth microtextures occurred in granitic rocks. Characteristically, two distinct types of microtextures formed due to intergrowth between K-feldspar and plagioclase i.e. perthites and myrmekites. Malanjkhand and Dongargarh granitoids are two contemporaneous units of Paleoproterozoic granitoids in central India. Three varieties of perthites have been identified in these granitoids i.e. flame, braid, and vein types. Flame perthite bearing K-feldspar is common. Braid and vein perthites occur occasionally. Paleopiezometry estimation indicates that flame perthite formed under the influence of low to moderate differential stress on granitoids. Most of the perthites occurs in these granitoids are compositionally albite to oligoclase in nature. The composition ranges XAb: 0.98-0.49 for the Malanjkhand and XAb: 0.96-0.49 for Dongargarh granitoids. Binary feldspar thermometry calculation indicates that perthites have formed at moderate to high temperature conditions in the Malanjkhand granitoid whereas low to moderate temperature conditions in Dongargarh granitoids during sub-solidus phase. Myrmekites is another feldspar intergrowth microtexture found in these granitoids. Myrmekites are identified in these granitoids based on their characteristic morphologies such as ghost, bulbous, rim, etc. These myrmekites were formed under moderate temperature conditions during magmatic-hydrothermal transition phase. Formation of flame perthite can be explained by replacement reaction mechanism (Na-K exchange) between K-feldspar and plagioclase under low to moderate differential stress condition during rapid cooling. Further, extensive deuteric alteration results in the formation of braid and vein perthites. Formation of myrmekites can be assumed by couple of replacement mechanisms (Na-K and Ca-K exchange) between K-feldspar and plagioclase. Paleopiezometry and feldspar thermometry results infer that orthomagmatic-hydrothermal transition in the Malanjkhand and Dongargarh granitoids were favored at upper or shallow levels in the continental crust.
Morphometric Studies Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Bah Tehsil, Agra District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Rao Liaqat A. K. , Ansari Ziaur Rehman , Mirza M. Sadiq , Yusuf A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Morphometric analysis of four sub-watersheds namely Pidhaura, Batesar, Balapur and Pariar forming parts of Yamuna River around Bah Tahsil of Agra district have been carried out using Geocoded FCC of bands 2, 3 and 4 of IRS-1D, LISS-III, SOI toposheets number 54 J/5 and 54 J/9 and GIS softwares - ArcGIS, Arcview and 3Dem software for preparation of DEM. The present study shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern, stream order ranges from third to fourth order; drainage density varies slightly and has very coarse to coarse texture in Pidhaura and Balarpur sub-watersheds and fine drainage texture in Batesar and Pariar sub-watersheds. The other parameters determined and discussed include bifurcation ratio, elongation ratio, stream frequency, infiltration number, length of overland flow and relief aspects of the watersheds. The mean bifurcation ratio depicts that the basin falls under normal basin category. The elongation ratio shows that Balarpur sub-watershed mark elongation pattern, whereas, Pidhaura, Batesar and Pariar sub-watersheds possess circular shape. The present study concludes that remote sensing techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis of drainage basin and channel network.
Time Series Analysis of Groundwater Levels and Projection of Future Trend
Authors: Patle G. T. , Singh D. K. , Sarangi A. , Rai Anil , Khanna Manoj , Sahoo R. N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A study was under taken for identifying the trends in pre and post-monsoon groundwater levels using Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator, and for time series modelling of groundwater levels for forecasting the pre and post-monsoon water levels in Karnal district of Haryana. Results showed that the groundwater levels had significantly declined during 1974 to 2010. Average rates of water level decline were 0.228 and 0.267 m/yr during pre and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. There was rapid decline in water level between 2001 and 2010. The ARIMA (0, 1, 2) was identified as the appropriate model for time series modelling and forecasting. Results showed that the pre and post-monsoon groundwater level in 2050 would decline by 12.97 m and 12.00 m over the observed water level in 2010, and reach to a level of 29.95 m and 28.14 m below ground surface. The average rate of decline of pre and post-monsoon groundwater level in the district during this period would be 0.32 and 0.30 m/yr, respectively.
Concurrent validity of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory profiles: A secondary analysis of data from the United Kingdom
Authors: Worrell Frank C. , McKay Michael T. , Andretta James R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examined the association between membership in profiles based on a shortened form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI‐S; McKay, Andretta, McGee, & Worrell, 2014) and other temporal and psychosocial variables. Participants consisted of 1620 adolescents attending high school in Northern Ireland. ZTPI‐S scores had correlations with other temporal and psychosocial variables that were similar to those reported for ZTPI scores in previous studies. Four ZTPI‐S profiles were identified—Balanced, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, and Future—and results indicated that these profiles had theoretically meaningful relationships with self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, aggression, parental attachment, consideration of future consequences, and future temporal focus. Unlike studies of college students where the Balanced profile was related to more adaptive functioning, the Future profile was related to more adaptive functioning. Future studies are needed to establish the generalizability of these profiles and to determine if there are developmental differences in which profiles are more adaptive.
Relation of peer effects and school climate to substance use among Asian American adolescents
Authors: Ryabov Igor 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTUsing a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of Asian American late adolescents/young adults (ages 18–26), this article investigates the link between peer effects, school climate, on the one hand, and substance use, which includes tobacco, alcohol, and other illicit mood altering substance. The sample (N = 1585) is drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Waves I and III). The study is set to empirically test premises of generational, social capital and stage‐environment fit theories. The exploratory variables include individual‐level (immigrant generation status, ethnic origin, co‐ethnic and co‐generational peers – peers from the same immigrant generation) as well as school‐level measures (average school socio‐economic status and school climate). Multilevel modeling (logistic and negative binomial regression) was used to estimate substance use. Results indicate that preference for co‐generational friends is inversely associated with frequency of cannabis and other illicit drug use and preference for co‐ethnic peers is inversely associated with other illicit drug use. We also find that school climate is a strong and negative predictor of frequency of cannabis and other illicit drug use as well as of heavy episodic drinking. In terms of policy, these findings suggest that Asian American students should benefit from co‐ethnic and co‐generational peer networks in schools and, above all, from improving school climate.
Carolingian Religion
Authors: Noble Thomas F. X. 
Published: May 2015

The Carolingian period, roughly the eighth and ninth centuries, was dynamic and decisive in European religious history. The ruling dynasty and the clerical elite promoted wave after wave of reform that I call “unifying,” “specifying,” and “sanctifying.” This presidential address argues that religion was the key unifying and universalizing force in the Carolingian world; that the Carolingians were obsessed with doing things the right way—usually the Roman way; and that the Carolingians sought to inculcate Christian behavior more than religious knowledge. The address concludes by arguing that the Carolingians put a markedly European stamp on Christianity and that they Romanized Christianity well before the papacy attempted to do so.
HARMONISING HARMONY
Authors: TRANCHINI LUCA 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe term ‘harmony’ refers to a condition that the rules governing a logical constant ought to satisfy in order to endow it with a proper meaning. Different characterizations of harmony have been proposed in the literature, some based on the inversion principle, others on normalization, others on conservativity. In this paper we discuss the prospects for showing how conservativity and normalization can be combined so to yield a criterion of harmony equivalent to the one based on the inversion principle: We conjecture that the rules for connectives obeying the inversion principle are conservative over normal deducibility. The plausibility of the conjecture depends in an essential way on how normality is characterized. In particular, a normal deduction should be understood as one which is irreducible, rather than as one which does not contain any maximal formula.
Ubiquity of Kelvin–Helmholtz waves at Earth’s magnetopause
Authors: Kavosi Shiva , Raeder Joachim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMagnetic reconnection is believed to be the dominant process by which solar wind plasma enters the magnetosphere. However, for periods of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) reconnection is less likely at the dayside magnetopause, and Kelvin–Helmholtz waves (KHWs) may be important agents for plasma entry and for the excitation of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves. The relative importance of KHWs is controversial because no statistical data on their occurrence frequency exist. Here we survey 7 years of in situ data from the NASA THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macro scale Interactions during Substorms) mission and find that KHWs occur at the magnetopause ∼19% of the time. The rate increases with solar wind speed, Alfven Mach number and number density, but is mostly independent of IMF magnitude. KHWs may thus be more important for plasma transport across the magnetopause than previously thought, and frequently drive magnetospheric ULF waves.
Structural optimization of 3D-printed synthetic spider webs for high strength
Authors: Qin Zhao , Compton Brett G. , Lewis Jennifer A. , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSpiders spin intricate webs that serve as sophisticated prey-trapping architectures that simultaneously exhibit high strength, elasticity and graceful failure. To determine how web mechanics are controlled by their topological design and material distribution, here we create spider-web mimics composed of elastomeric filaments. Specifically, computational modelling and microscale 3D printing are combined to investigate the mechanical response of elastomeric webs under multiple loading conditions. We find the existence of an asymptotic prey size that leads to a saturated web strength. We identify pathways to design elastomeric material structures with maximum strength, low density and adaptability. We show that the loading type dictates the optimal material distribution, that is, a homogeneous distribution is better for localized loading, while stronger radial threads with weaker spiral threads is better for distributed loading. Our observations reveal that the material distribution within spider webs is dictated by the loading condition, shedding light on their observed architectural variations.
Atomistic mechanisms of nonstoichiometry-induced twin boundary structural transformation in titanium dioxide
Authors: Sun Rong , Wang Zhongchang , Saito Mitsuhiro , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGrain boundary (GB) phase transformations often occur in polycrystalline materials while exposed to external stimuli and are universally implicated in substantially affecting their properties, yet atomic-scale knowledge on the transformation process is far from developed. In particular, whether GBs loaded with defects due to treatments can still be conventionally considered as disordered areas with kinetically trapped structure or turn ordered is debated. Here we combine advanced electron microscopy, spectroscopy and first-principles calculations to probe individual TiO2 GB subject to different atmosphere, and to demonstrate that stimulated structural defects can self-assemble at GB, forming an ordered structure, which results in GB nonstoichiometry and structural transformations at the atomic scale. Such structural transformation is accompanied with electronic transition at GB. The three-dimensional transformations afford new perspectives on the structural defects at GBs and on the development of strategies to manipulate practically significant GB transformations.
Strain induced fragility transition in metallic glass
Authors: Yu Hai-Bin , Richert Ranko , Maaß Robert , Samwer Konrad 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRelaxation dynamics are the central topic in glassy physics. Recently, there is an emerging view that mechanical strain plays a similar role as temperature in altering the relaxation dynamics. Here, we report that mechanical strain in a model metallic glass modulates the relaxation dynamics in unexpected ways. We find that a large strain amplitude makes a fragile liquid become stronger, reduces dynamical heterogeneity at the glass transition and broadens the loss spectra asymmetrically, in addition to speeding up the relaxation dynamics. These findings demonstrate the distinctive roles of strain compared with temperature on the relaxation dynamics and indicate that dynamical heterogeneity inherently relates to the fragility of glass-forming materials.
Comparative effect of intraduodenal and intrajejunal glucose infusion on the gut–incretin axis response in healthy males
Authors: Wu T , Thazhath S S , Marathe C S , Bound M J , Jones K L , Horowitz M , Rayner C K 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe region of enteral nutrient exposure may be an important determinant of postprandial incretin hormone secretion and blood glucose homoeostasis. We compared responses of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin and glucagon, and blood glucose to a standardised glucose infusion into the proximal jejunum and duodenum in healthy humans. Ten healthy males were evaluated during a standardised glucose infusion (2 kcal min−1 over 120 min) into the proximal jejunum (50 cm post pylorus) and were compared with another 10 healthy males matched for ethnicity, age and body mass index who received an identical glucose infusion into the duodenum (12 cm post pylorus). Blood was sampled frequently for measurements of blood glucose and plasma hormones. Plasma GLP-1, GIP and insulin responses, as well as the insulin:glucose ratio and the insulinogenic index 1 (IGI1) were greater (P<0.05 for each) after intrajejunal (i.j.) than intraduodenal glucose infusion, without a significant difference in blood glucose or plasma glucagon. Pooled analyses revealed direct relationships between IGI1 and the responses of GLP-1 and GIP (r=0.48 and 0.56, respectively, P<0.05 each), and between glucagon and GLP-1 (r=0.70, P<0.001). In conclusion, i.j. glucose elicits greater incretin hormone and insulin secretion than intraduodenal glucose in healthy humans, suggesting regional specificity of the gut–incretin axis.
Optogenetic control of nerve growth
Authors: Park Seongjun , Koppes Ryan A. , Froriep Ulrich P. , Jia Xiaoting , Achyuta Anil Kumar H. , McLaughlin Bryan L. , Anikeeva Polina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDue to the limited regenerative ability of neural tissue, a diverse set of biochemical and biophysical cues for increasing nerve growth has been investigated, including neurotrophic factors, topography and electrical stimulation. In this report, we explore optogenetic control of neurite growth as a cell-specific alternative to electrical stimulation. By investigating a broad range of optical stimulation parameters on dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) expressing channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), we identified conditions that enhance neurite outgrowth by three-fold as compared to unstimulated or wild-type (WT) controls. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of ChR2 expressing DRGs induces directional outgrowth in WT DRGs co-cultured within a 10 mm vicinity of the optically sensitive ganglia. This observed enhancement and polarization of neurite growth was accompanied by an increased expression of neural growth and brain derived neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF). This work highlights the potential for implementing optogenetics to drive nerve growth in specific cell populations.
A Multiplexed Device Based on Tunable Nanoshearing for Specific Detection of Multiple Protein Biomarkers in Serum
Authors: Vaidyanathan Ramanathan , van Leeuwen Lara Michelle , Rauf Sakandar , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Trau Matt 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMicrofluidic flow based multiplexed devices have gained significant promise in detecting biomarkers in complex biological samples. However, to fully exploit their use in bioanalysis, issues such as (i) low sensitivity and (ii) high levels of nonspecific adsorption of non-target species have to be overcome. Herein, we describe a new multiplexed device for the sensitive detection of multiple protein biomarkers in serum by using an alternating current (ac) electrohydrodynamics (ac-EHD) induced surface shear forces based phenomenon referred to as nanoshearing. The tunable nature (via manipulation of ac field) of these nanoshearing forces can alter the capture performance of the device (e.g., improved fluid transport enhances number of sensor-target collisions). This can also selectively displace weakly (nonspecifically) bound molecules from the electrode surface (i.e., fluid shear forces can be tuned to shear away nonspecific species present in biological samples). Using this approach, we achieved sensitive (100 fg mL−1) naked eye detection of multiple protein targets spiked in human serum and a 1000-fold enhancement in comparison to hydrodynamic flow based devices for biomarker detection. We believe that this approach could potentially represent a clinical diagnostic tool that can be integrated into resource-limited settings for sensitive detection of target biomarkers using naked eye.
Phylogeography of Nanorana parkeri (Anura: Ranidae) and multiple refugia on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Cuimin , Fu Dongli , Hu Xiaoju , Xie Xiangmo , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Qiong , Li Meng-Hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuaternary climatic changes have been recognized to influence the distribution patterns and evolutionary histories of extant organisms, but their effects on alpine species are not well understood. To investigate the Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the genetic structure of amphibians, we sequenced one mitochondrial and three nuclear DNA fragments in Nanorana parkeri, a frog endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, across its distribution range in the southern plateau. Mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) and three nuclear genes (c-Myc2, Rhod and Tyr) revealed two distinct lineages (i.e. the lineages East and West), which were strongly geographically structured. The split of the two divergent lineages was dated back earlier than the Middle Pleistocene, probably being associated with climatic and ecological factors. Species distribution modeling, together with the phylogeographic structuring, supported the hypothesis of multiple refugia for N. parkeri on the Tibetan Plateau during the Pleistocene glaciations and suggested the Yarlung Zangbo valley and the Kyichu catchment to be the potential refugia. Our findings indicate that Pleistocene climatic changes have had a great impact on the evolution and demographic history of N. parkeri. Our study has important implications for conservation of this and other frog species in the Tibetan Plateau.
Single-cell Migration Chip for Chemotaxis-based Microfluidic Selection of Heterogeneous Cell Populations
Authors: Chen Yu-Chih , Allen Steven G. , Ingram Patrick N. , Buckanovich Ronald , Merajver Sofia D. , Yoon Euisik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTumor cell migration toward and intravasation into capillaries is an early and key event in cancer metastasis, yet not all cancer cells are imbued with the same capability to do so. This heterogeneity within a tumor is a fundamental property of cancer. Tools to help us understand what molecular characteristics allow a certain subpopulation of cells to spread from the primary tumor are thus critical for overcoming metastasis. Conventional in vitro migration platforms treat populations in aggregate, which leads to a masking of intrinsic differences among cells. Some migration assays reported recently have single-cell resolution, but these platforms do not provide for selective retrieval of the distinct migrating and non-migrating cell populations for further analysis. Thus, to study the intrinsic differences in cells responsible for chemotactic heterogeneity, we developed a single-cell migration platform so that individual cells’ migration behavior can be studied and the heterogeneous population sorted based upon chemotactic phenotype. Furthermore, after migration, the highly chemotactic and non-chemotactic cells were retrieved and proved viable for later molecular analysis of their differences. Moreover, we modified the migration channel to resemble lymphatic capillaries to better understand how certain cancer cells are able to move through geometrically confining spaces.
Anomalous Spectral Features of a Neutral Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Cheng C.-M. , Xie L.F. , Pachoud A. , Moser H.O. , Chen W. , Wee A.T.S. , Castro Neto A.H. , Tsuei K.-D. , Özyilmaz B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGraphene and its bilayer are two-dimensional systems predicted to show exciting many-body effects near the neutrality point. The ideal tool to investigate spectrum reconstruction effects is angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as it probes directly the band structure with information about both energy and momentum. Here we reveal, by studying undoped exfoliated bilayer graphene with ARPES, two essential aspects of its many-body physics: the electron-phonon scattering rate has an anisotropic k-dependence and the type of electronic liquid is non-Fermi liquid. The latter behavior is evident from an observed electron-electron scattering rate that scales linearly with energy from 100 meV to 600 meV and that is associated with the proximity of bilayer graphene to a two-dimensional quantum critical point of competing orders.