bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyranosides with 2,3‐trans Carbamate Groups: Exocyclic or Endocyclic Cleavage Reaction?
Authors: Manabe Shino , Ito Yukishige 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPyranosides with 2,3‐trans carbamate groups exhibit high 1,2‐cis selectivity in glycosylation reactions. Using glycosyl donors with N‐benzyl 2,3‐trans carbamate groups, an anti‐Helicobacter pylori oligosaccharide was synthesized in an efficient manner. Moreover, pyranosides with 2,3‐trans carbamate groups readily undergo anomerization from the β to the α configuration under mild acidic conditions via endocyclic cleavage. Acyclic cations generated during the endocyclic cleavage reaction were captured using reduction and intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction. By exploiting this anomerization, multiply aligned 1,2‐trans glycosyl bonds can be transformed to 1,2‐cis glycosyl bonds in a single operation.
High‐throughput selective cooperation with complex field network coding in multiuser networks
Authors: Wang Gengrun , Guo Daoxing , Liu Aijun , Zhang Bangning 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a cooperation system suitable for networks with multiple users is proposed. In the first phase of the cooperation, the user who has correctly decoded the source signal and has the best channel condition is selected as the relay. Given that the best relay selected by one source–destination (s‐d) pair may also be selected by other pairs, complex field network coding (CFNC) is adopted by the relay in the second phase, to provide diversity gains for the s‐d pairs simultaneously. The number of channels used is reduced, thus increasing the network throughput. Additionally, this system makes up for the performance loss of the traditional CFNC cooperation in large‐scale networks by achieving more diversity gains. Especially, a closed‐form expression of the average signal error probability (SEP) is derived for small‐scale networks, while an upper‐bound estimation is given for larger networks. It is demonstrated that the system achieves full diversity and is robust. To improve the SEP performance of the system, the receiver is modified, and the results demonstrate desirable average SEP performance. Finally, the analytical results are validated by numerical simulations. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Digital Storytelling Revisited
Authors: Shelby‐Caffey Crystal , Úbéda Edwin , Jenkins Bethany 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDigital storytelling has emerged as an innovative practice that allows students deeper engagement with content while encouraging the use of critical thinking and technological skills needed to navigate the ever changing digital terrain of the 21st century. The integration of traditional and new literacy practices is evident throughout the process of creating a digital story. Students use and enhance their reading and writing skills during the creation of a story that ultimately plays out as a digital movie. Within this article, the authors describe how a traditionally trained fifth grade teacher moved beyond her initial avoidance of technology and reframed literacy instruction in her classroom to incorporate digital storytelling. The article provides an illustration of how traditional literacy practices can be merged with new literacy practices to enhance teaching and learning.
Influence of contact point location on dynamical and electrical responses of impact‐type vibration energy harvester based on piezoelectric transduction
Authors: Milasauskaite Ieva , Dauksevicius R. , Ostasevicius V. , Gaidys R. , Janusas G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis research work considers a more efficient vibro‐impacting piezoelectric energy harvester (VIPEH) structure, which is intended both to prevent the device from excessive displacements as well as to increase its operational bandwidth in actual excitation conditions. Multi‐physics finite element model of the VIPEH was developed in Comsol with the objective to analyze influence of stopper location on the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the piezoelectric transducer, followed by the experimental study of two device configurations. Numerical and experimental results revealed that stopper location influences the magnitude of generated voltage since, at certain stopper location points, higher vibration modes are excited during the impact.
Little tern breeding success in artificial and natural habitats: modelling population growth under uncertain vital rates
Authors: Pakanen Veli‐Matti , Hongell Harri , Aikio Sami , Koivula Kari 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs a consequence of habitat loss, breeding in man‐made habitats has become increasingly common for many coastal breeding bird species. While artificial sites provide valuable substitutes, they may also be more attractive, and importantly, differ in quality from natural sites. Therefore, information on habitat specific breeding success and their potential for supporting stable populations are needed. We compared little tern (Sternula albifrons) breeding success (nest and hatching success) between natural habitat (sandy beaches) and artificial port habitat at Bothnian Bay, Finland from 2006 to 2011. We further reviewed published estimates on pre‐fledging and adult survival for little terns and least terns (Sternula antillarum), and used these ranges to estimate plausible parameter spaces for population growth rates given our estimates of breeding success. Nest success was among the highest reported for little terns in the artificial habitat (82 %) while being lower in the natural habitat (58 %). This difference may have resulted from differences in colony sizes and levels of disturbance. Hatching success did not differ significantly, but the percentage of successful nests containing unhatched eggs was twice as high in the natural habitat. The parameter spaces for population growth rates indicated that the artificial habitat has good potential to sustain stable populations (66 % positive growth rate) while for the natural habitat this potential was lower (37 % positive growth rate). While our results suggest that artificial habitats can be very productive breeding sites for habitat deprived tern populations, management should concentrate on improving both habitats with emphasis on natural sites.
Detection of downy and powdery mildew resistance QTL in a ‘Regent’ × ‘RedGlobe’ population
Authors: van Heerden Carel J. , Burger Phyllis , Vermeulen Abraham , Prins Renée 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOne hundred and eighty six F1plants from a ‘Regent’ × ‘RedGlobe’ cross were used to generate a partial linkage map with 139 microsatellite markers spanning all 19 chromosomes. Phenotypic scores for downy mildew, taken over two years, confirmed a major resistance QTL (Rpv3) against downy mildew in the interval VVIN16-cjvh to UDV108 on chromosome 18 of ‘Regent’. This locus explained up to 62 % of the phenotypic variance observed. Additionally a putative minor downy mildew resistance locus was observed on chromosome 1 in one season. A major resistance locus against powdery mildew (Ren3) was also identified on chromosome 15 of ‘Regent’ in the interval UDV116 to VChr15CenGen06. This study established the efficacy of and validated the ‘Regent’-derived downy and powdery mildew major resistance genes/QTL under South African conditions. Closely linked SSR markers for marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding strategies were identified.
Characterization of Phosphate‐Free Detergent Powders Incorporated with Palm C16 Methyl Ester Sulfonate (C16MES) and Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (LABSA)
Authors: Siwayanan Parthiban , Aziz Ramlan , Bakar Nooh Abu , Ya Hamdan , Jokiman Ropien , Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLaboratory and pilot scale investigations were carried out on phosphate‐free detergent (PFD) formulations comprising binary anionic surfactants of C16 palm methyl ester sulfonates (C16MES) and linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (LABSA) with the aim of maximizing the incorporation of C16MES into low density detergent powders without compromising the detergency and other significant properties. Initial laboratory experiments revealed that the detergent powder resulting from C16MES/LABSA with a 50:50 ratio and pH 7–8 has acceptable detergency stability over 1 week of accelerated ageing test at 50 °C and 85 % relative humidity. Subsequent experiments were carried out in a 5‐kg/h‐capacity pilot spray dryer using PFD formulations of C16MES/LABSA over the whole range of weight ratios under the same pH of 7–8. The concentration of the detergent slurry and cleaning performance (detergency, foaming ability and wetting power) of the resulting spray dried detergent powder (SDDP) were evaluated. C16MES/LABSA in a 40:60 ratio was selected as the ideal formulation based on its optimum detergent slurry concentration and comparable cleaning performance against the control formulation. Further environmental tests have confirmed that SDDP obtained from the ideal formulation is readily biodegradable (60 % in 13 days) and exhibits low eco‐toxicity properties (LC50 of 11.3 mg/L).
Germ cell specification and pluripotency in mammals: a perspective from early embryogenesis
Authors: Irie Naoko , Tang Walfred W. C. , Azim Surani M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGerm cells are unique cell types that generate a totipotent zygote upon fertilization, giving rise to the next generation in mammals and many other multicellular organisms. How germ cells acquire this ability has been of considerable interest. In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors of sperm and oocytes, are specified around the time of gastrulation. PGCs are induced by signals from the surrounding extra‐embryonic tissues to the equipotent epiblast cells that give rise to all cell types. Currently, the mechanism of PGC specification in mammals is best understood from studies in mice. Following implantation, the epiblast cells develop as an egg cylinder while the extra‐embryonic ectoderm cells which are the source of important signals for PGC specification are located over the egg cylinder. However, in most cases, including humans, the epiblast cells develop as a planar disc, which alters the organization and the source of the signaling for cell fates. This, in turn, might have an effect on the precise mechanism of PGC specification in vivo as well as in vitro using pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Here, we discuss how the key early embryonic differences between rodents and other mammals may affect the establishment of the pluripotency network in vivo and in vitro, and consequently the basis for PGC specification, particularly from pluripotent embryonic stem cells in vitro.
Are hippocampal size differences in posttraumatic stress disorder mediated by sleep pathology?
Authors: Mohlenhoff Brian S. , Chao Linda L. , Buckley Shannon T. , Weiner Michael W. , Neylan Thomas C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with smaller volumes of the hippocampus, as has been demonstrated by meta‐analyses. Proposed mechanistic relationships are reviewed briefly, including the hypothesis that sleep disturbances mediate the effects of PTSD on hippocampal volume. Evidence for this includes findings that insomnia and restricted sleep are associated with changes in hippocampal cell regulation and impairments in cognition. We present results of a new study of 187 subjects in whom neither PTSD nor poor sleep was associated with lower hippocampal volume. We outline a broad research agenda centered on the hypothesis that sleep changes mediate the relationship between PTSD and hippocampal volume.
SPECTRAL METHODS FOR THE CALCULATION OF RISK MEASURES FOR VARIABLE ANNUITY GUARANTEED BENEFITS
Authors: Feng Runhuan , Volkmer Hans W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSpectral expansion techniques have been extensively exploited for the pricing of exotic options. In this paper, we present novel applications of spectral methods for the quantitative risk management of variable annuity guaranteed benefits such as guaranteed minimum maturity benefits and guaranteed minimum death benefits. The objective is to find efficient and accurate solution methods for the computation of risk measures, which is the key to determining risk-based capital according to regulatory requirements. Our example calculations show that two spectral methods used in this paper are highly efficient and numerically more stable than conventional known methods. Hence these approaches are more suitable for intensive calculations involving death benefits.
Effects of transverse static electric field on terahertz radiation generation by beating of two transversely modulated Gaussian laser beams in a plasma
Authors: Varshnety Prateek , Sajal Vivek , Chauhan Prashant , Kumar Ravindra , Sharma Navneet K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResonant excitation of terahertz (THz) radiation by nonlinear coupling of two filamented spatial-Gaussian laser beams of different frequencies and wave numbers is studied in plasma having transverse static electric field. The static ponderomotive force due to filamented lasers is balanced by the pressure gradient force which gives rise to transverse density ripple, while, the nonlinear ponderomotive force at frequency difference of beating lasers couples with density ripple giving rise to stronger transverse nonlinear current which results into the excitation of THz radiation at resonance. The coupling is further enhanced by the presence of static electric field and spatial-Gaussian nature of laser beams. An increase of six-fold in the normalized amplitude of THz is observed by applying a direct current field of about 50 KV. Effects of frequency, laser beam width, and periodicity factor of modulated laser amplitude are studied for the efficient THz radiation generation. These results can be utilized for generating controlled tunable THz sources for medical applications using low filament intensities (~ 1014 W/cm2) of beating lasers.
Electron-density distribution and disordered crystal structure of 12H-SiAlON, SiAl5O2N5
Authors: Banno Hiroki , Hanai Takaaki , Asaka Toru , Kimoto Koji , Nakano Hiromi , Fukuda Koichiro 
Published: June 2014

The crystal structure of SiAl5O2N5was characterized by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction (CuKα1). The title compound is hexagonal with space groupP63/mmc(Z = 2). The unit-cell dimensions area = 0.303153(3) nm,c = 3.28153(3) nm, andV = 0.261178(5) nm3. The initial structural model was successfully derived by the direct methods and further refined by the Rietveld method. The final structural model showed the positional disordering of two of the four (Si,Al) sites. The maximum-entropy method-based pattern fitting (MPF) method was used to confirm the validity of the split-atom model, in which conventional structure bias caused by assuming intensity partitioning was minimized. The reliability indices calculated from the MPF wereRwp = 5.00%,S(=Rwp/Re) = 1.25,Rp = 3.76%,RB = 1.26%, andRF = 0.90%. The disordered crystal structure was successfully described by overlapping four types of domains with ordered atom arrangements. The distribution of atomic positions in each of the domains can be achieved in the space groupP63mc. Two of the four types of domains are related by a pseudo-symmetry inversion, and the two remaining domains also have each other the inversion pseudo-symmetry.
X-ray powder diffraction data for bisacodyl, C22H19NO4
Authors: Li Shan Shan , Wu Xiao Qing , Wang Qing , Tang Pei Xiao , Li Hui 
Published: June 2014

In this paper, X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for bisacodyl, C22H19NO4, are reported [a = 9.081(3) Å,b = 10.631(5) Å,c = 11.549(6) Å,α = 111.492(4)°,β = 108.082(3)°,γ = 101.501(3)°, unit-cell volumeV = 922.368 Å3,Z = 2, and space groupP-1]. All measured lines were indexed, and no detectable impurity was observed.
Abdominal Aortic and Iliac Artery Compression Following Penetrating Trauma: A Study of Feasibility
Authors: Douma Matthew , Brindley Peter George 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionPenetrating junctional trauma is a leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. Similarly challenging in civilian settings, exsanguination from the vessels of the abdomen, pelvis, and groin can occur in moments. Therefore, iliac artery or abdominal aortic compression has been recommended. Based on prior research, 120 lbs (54 kg) or 140 lbs (63 kg) of compression may be required to occlude these vessels, respectively. Whether most rescuers can generate this amount of compression is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine how many people in a convenience sample of 44 health care professionals can compress 120 lbs and 140 lbs.MethodsThis study simulated aortic and iliac artery compression. Consent was obtained from 44 clinicians (27 female; 17 male) from two large urban hospitals in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Participants compressed the abdominal model, which consisted of a medical scale and a 250 ml bag of saline, covered by a folded hospital blanket and placed on the ground. In random order, participants compressed a force they believed maintainable for 20 minutes (“maintainable effort”) and then a maximum force they could maintain for two minutes (“maximum effort”). Compression was also performed with a knee. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data.ResultsCompression was directly proportional to the clinician's body weight. Participants compressed a mean of 55% of their body weight with two hands at a maintainable effort, and 69% at a maximum effort. At maintainable manual effort, participants compressed a mean of 86 lbs (39 kg). Sixteen percent could compress over 120 lbs, but none over 140 lbs. At maximum effort, participants compressed a mean of 108 lbs (48 kg). Thirty-four percent could compress greater than 120 lbs and 11% could compress greater than 140 lbs. Using a single knee, participants compressed a mean weight of 80% of their body weight with no difference between maintainable and maximum effort.ConclusionThis work suggests that bimanual compression following penetrating junctional trauma is feasible. However, it is difficult, and is not likely achievable or sustainable by a majority of rescuers. Manual compression (used to temporize until device application and operative rescue) requires a large body mass. To maintain 140 lbs of compression (for example during a lengthy transport), participants needed to weigh 255 lbs (115 kg). Alternatively, they needed to weigh 203 lbs (92 kg) to be successful during brief periods. Knee compression may be preferable, especially for lower-weight rescuers.DoumaM, BrindleyPG. Abdominal aortic and iliac artery compression following penetrating trauma: a study of feasibility. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-4.
Telephonic advance care planning facilitated by health plan case managers
Authors: Boettcher Iris , Turner Rozanne , Briggs Linda 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:The insurance plan case managers (CMs) of Priority Health, part of a regional healthcare system located in Michigan, work telephonically with frail patients who have multiple comorbidities. However, these CMs have lacked facilitation skills for advance care planning (ACP) discussions in this vulnerable population. In 2012, the findings of a six-month pilot study of telephonic ACP (TACP) with some of the plan's Medicare population were implemented with Medicare members under case management.Method:Case mangers were trained and certified by Respecting Choices® to introduce and facilitate ACP discussions telephonically utilizing both First Steps and Last Steps protocols. The CMs identified appropriate patients using hospitalization and emergency room utilization data, severity of illness, and diagnostic criteria. The primary goal was to complete both the ACP discussion and the documentation for each protocol on identified patients. They also attempted to schedule facilitated conversations with the patients' healthcare advocates present.Results:During a 12-month period, 576 health plan members were offered First Steps discussions, with 198 interested in engaging in further ACP. Some 152 members were identified for Last Steps TACP using established criteria; discussions occurred with 56 members. TACP implementation resulted in 55 new or updated First Steps documents and 4 Last Steps documents. A total of 50 discussions included the designated healthcare advocate.Significance of results:Following TACP implementation with the Medicare CM team and evaluation of the results, processes and methods were instituted to increase engagement and completion of discussions and documents. These included enhancements to the electronic assessment and ongoing support of the CM team to increase the engagement of patients and advocates. Dissemination of the project to the entire Medicare CM team demonstrated opportunities and lessons learned for facilitated TACP discussions. The TACP model has the potential to be successfully utilized by other health insurance companies.
Auswirkungen einer Tanz- und Kraft-Ausdauer-Intervention auf kognitive Fähigkeiten älterer Menschen
Authors: Rehfeld Kathrin , Hökelmann Anita , Lehmann Wolfgang , Blaser Peter 
Published: June 2014

Mentale und körperliche Gesundheit sind eng verbunden mit einem erfolgreichen Altern. Diese Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen eines Tanztrainings im Vergleich zu einem Kraft-/Ausdauertraining sowie der Kombination beider auf die fluide Intelligenz, die allgemeine Intelligenz und das Arbeitsgedächtnis älterer Menschen (M=68 ± 4.16 Jahre). 95 Senioren wurden in folgenden Gruppen randomisiert: 1. Tanz, 2. Sport, 3. Tanz und Sport. Die Gruppe Tanz und die Gruppe Sport trainierten 90 Minuten, die Gruppe Tanz und Sport 180 Minuten für 15 Monate. Die Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Leistungssteigerungen in allen gemessenen Merkmalen in den drei Gruppen. Post Hoc Vergleiche verdeutlichen, dass sich die Leistungssteigerungen zwischen den Gruppen signifikant nicht unterscheiden. Körperliche Bewegung jeglicher Art trägt zum erfolgreichen Altern bei.
Cutting-Edge Analysis of Extracellular Microparticles using ImageStreamX Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Headland Sarah E. , Jones Hefin R. , D'Sa Adelina S. V. , Perretti Mauro , Norling Lucy V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInterest in extracellular vesicle biology has exploded in the past decade, since these microstructures seem endowed with multiple roles, from blood coagulation to inter-cellular communication in pathophysiology. In order for microparticle research to evolve as a preclinical and clinical tool, accurate quantification of microparticle levels is a fundamental requirement, but their size and the complexity of sample fluids present major technical challenges. Flow cytometry is commonly used, but suffers from low sensitivity and accuracy. Use of Amnis ImageStreamX Mk II imaging flow cytometer afforded accurate analysis of calibration beads ranging from 1 μm to 20 nm; and microparticles, which could be observed and quantified in whole blood, platelet-rich and platelet-free plasma and in leukocyte supernatants. Another advantage was the minimal sample preparation and volume required. Use of this high throughput analyzer allowed simultaneous phenotypic definition of the parent cells and offspring microparticles along with real time microparticle generation kinetics. With the current paucity of reliable techniques for the analysis of microparticles, we propose that the ImageStreamX could be used effectively to advance this scientific field.