bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond-Impregnated Drillbit Performance in the Lower Basalt Series Offshore the Faroe Islands. A Case Study Based on Basalt Outcrop Testing
Authors: Huusgard Palli , Caycedo Alberto , Cai Mingdong , Bits Smith 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Exploratory drilling in the Faroe-Shetland Basin of the northeast Atlantic Ocean has been ongoing for several years. One of the greatest challenges of such drilling programs is cost-effectively drilling through the thick layers of Paleogene volcanic rock, which has thicknesses and depths that vary depending on the location of the regional tectonic geography. With the high expense inherent to remote offshore operations, total drilling costs will increase when expected penetration rates and interval lengths are limited due to drillbit inefficiency.
An operator planned to drill a second well in the Brugdan prospect, which lies in License 006, Block 6104/21 off the Faroe Islands. The challenge of drilling through a hard, long section of basalt/volcanic sequence presented a great opportunity for investigating and implementing new drillbit materials and design changes to diamond-impregnated bits. A study for materials testing was focused on diamond grit/matrix combinations for wear, durability, and ROP on two representative basalt outcrop columns provided by the customer. The analysis of the physical characteristics of the rock provided an insight of the matrix and diamond combinations for blade material and grit hot-pressed inserts (GHIs) that would offer a reliable product to meet the challenge and drill the long section. Materials testing followed at the drillbit manufacturing facility to find the appropriate diamond-impregnated recipe.
A competitive diamond-impregnated bit was developed for the 12¼-in section, resulting in an internal world record and an unprecedented drilling performance in the extremely hard and long volcanic sequence.
Impact of malocclusion on affective/romantic relationships among young adults
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , dos Santos Camila Rangel , Lima Santos Nathalia de , Aguiar Sales Lima Stefanni Olga , da Silva Coqueiro Raildo , dos Santos Rogério Lacerda 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the extent to which different types of malocclusion influence the development of affective/romantic relationships among young adults of both sexes.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 360 men and women ranging in age from 18 years to 25 years. Criteria for exclusion from the sample were the following: participants could not be married, visually impaired, or students of a higher education course in the area of health. In this study, images of young adult men and women in the same age range as that of the evaluators were used. These images were manipulated to create different types of malocclusion: diastema, open bite, crowding, gingival (or gummy) smile, little exposure of teeth. Six groups of images containing six images each were formed and consisted of two experimental images (digitally manipulated) and four control images. These images were provided to the participants, who evaluated them by means of a questionnaire and a visual analog scale. The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests were used for data analysis.

Results:
All malocclusions had a negative impact on acceptance by the evaluators for the purposes of affective/romantic relationships, with crowding being the type of malocclusion that led to the highest level of rejection (P &lt; .01).

Conclusion:
Malocclusions have a negative influence on the development of affective/romantic relationships among young adults. Individuals with good occlusion are seen in a more positive light, from the perspective of affective life.
La relation thérapeutique dans le traitement des traumatismes précoces
Authors: Noé Anne 
Published: September 2015

S’appuyant sur de nombreux auteurs tels que Freud, Bowlby, Winnicott, R. Roussillon, D.N. Stern et d’autres, Anne Noé décrit l’impact des traumatismes précoces sur la constitution de l’être comme sujet. Articulant sa compréhension sur les courants récents en AT, principalement sur la théorie de J. Grégoire sur les états du moi, elle enrichit et approfondit la compréhension de la constitution du protocole et du scénario et jette par là un nouveau regard sur les origines des troubles identitaires et sur la psychothérapie des patients qui souffrent de « manque à être ». B.E.
L’orientation professionnelle et l’école dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Un exemple d’application de la psychologie
Authors: Martin Jérome 
Published: September 2015

Au tournant du XX e siècle, l’orientation professionnelle (l’OP) émerge à la confluence de plusieurs pratiques sociales : le placement des jeunes travailleurs, la formation professionnelle et la psychologie expérimentale convergent alors pour constituer sa matrice. Bien que née en dehors de l’école et malgré les réticences de ses promoteurs, l’OP se tourne vers les instituteurs. Se pose alors une série de questions sur le rôle des instituteurs et sur l’usage de la psychotechnique (tests). À partir de la fin des années 1920, sous des formes diverses, les instituteurs participent de plus en plus à l’OP. L’entrée de l’OP dans l’école s’accompagne d’un accommodement de l’orientation aux normes et aux pratiques scolaires.
Gilbert Robin (1893-1967) : un médecin pour enfants difficiles et éducateurs en détresse
Authors: Gutierrez Laurent 
Published: September 2015

Promoteur d’une « orthopédie mentale » fondée sur l’étude psychiatrique de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, le docteur Gilbert Robin a longtemps milité pour une meilleure compréhension des troubles caractériels enfantins et juvéniles. Auteur d’un Précis de neuro-psychiatrie infantile (1939), ce médecin laisse derrière lui une œuvre importante qui nous semble aujourd’hui digne d’être interrogée au regard des informations qu’elle nous livre sur l’histoire de la psychiatrie infantile en France.
La dyslexie, une nouvelle catégorie pour l’enseignement spécialisé (1950-1970)
Authors: Dorison Catherine 
Published: September 2015

Les travaux menés dans les années cinquante par des psychologues et des psychiatres sur les enfants dyslexiques conduisent à une remise en cause de l’extension de la catégorie de débilité. Les enseignants spécialisés et les psychologues scolaires s’approprient ces travaux pour proposer des rééducations scolaires et éviter des orientations abusives en classes de perfectionnement destinées aux élèves catégorisés comme « débiles ». Une nouvelle catégorie d’enseignants spécialisés est créée : des enseignants chargés de rééducations psychopédagogiques et psychomotrices. Ces enseignants introduisent à l’école primaire une approche nouvelle, clinique et individuelle, de la difficulté scolaire très différente de l’approche collective et susceptible de favoriser une « naturalisation » de l’échec scolaire.
La productivité d’une réception
Authors: Ruvituso Clara Inès 
Published: September 2015

Cet article propose une approche socio-historique de la réception de Heidegger en Argentine avec une mise au point sur les usages et les formes de circulation dans le contexte du « péronisme classique » (1943-1955). Nous prêterons d’abord attention aux « contextes » et « textes » de la circulation heideggérienne dans le champ philosophique argentin, pour analyser le contexte politique et culturel péroniste dans lequel se déroula la réception argentine de Heidegger. Nous pourrons ensuite analyser les « paramètres intrinsèques » qui influencèrent l’acceptation et la productivité de l’existentialisme heideggérien en Argentine, en mettant en particulier l’accent sur la pertinence des thèmes et des styles d’écriture, sur la complexité des textes, sur les niveaux d’abstraction et de généralisation, et sur la traductibilité des concepts heideggériens.
El choque de dos imaginarios geopolíticos en Bolivia. La “Guerra del Gas”
Authors: Garay Vera Cristian , Mendoza Pinto Juan E. 
Published: September 2015

En el presente artículo se intentará dilucidar los aspectos más relevantes de los dos imaginarios geopolíticos presentes en el Estado de Bolivia, referentes a las regiones de Oriente y Occidente, que se mueven en parámetros históricos, sociales, económicos y políticos diferentes a lo largo del tiempo, que han motivado ciertos conflictos y enfrentamientos, los cuales fueron evidentes durante la llamada guerra del gas, entre el 2003 y 2005, durante la cual, los movimientos de ambas regiones – tanto el Occidente indigenista con fuerte presencia en movimientos sociales y sindicales con el Oriente marcado por el discurso regionalista del gas - demostraron sus diferencias, las que provocaron la caída de gobiernos sucesivos, primero de Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada y luego de Carlos Mesa Gisbert, las cuales llevaron al ascenso al poder de Evo Morales, quien hasta el día de hoy ocupa la presidencia de Bolivia. Por ello, a través de las sucesivas páginas será necesario comprender los códigos geopolíticos que mueven a ambos sectores, como también a sus líderes y las situaciones que influyeron en la toma de decisión de los principales actores de esta crisis donde los factores internos y externos fueron determinantes.
Modelling and Numerics for Respiratory Aerosols
Authors: Boudin Laurent , Grandmont Céline , Lorz Alexander , Moussa Ayman 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work, we present a model for an aerosol (air/particle mixture) in the respiratory system. It consists of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the air and the Vlasov equation for the particles in a fixed or moving domain, coupled through a drag force. We propose a discretization of the model, investigate stability properties of the numerical code and sensitivity to parameter perturbation. We also focus on the influence of the aerosol on the airflow.
On the Finite Differences Used in Reacting Flow Simulations
Authors: Prosser Robert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere exist many spatial discretization schemes that are well able to provide accurate and stable approximations for isothermal turbulent flows. Comparatively little analysis has been made of the performance of these schemes in the presence of temperature gradients driven by combustion. In this paper, the effects of temperature gradients on numerical stability are explored. A surprising result is that temperature gradients in the flow have a tendency to impinge on left half plane (LHP) stability of the spatial discretization scheme. Reasons for this tendency are explored and two remedies are proposed: one based on the particular class of finite difference schemes, and one based on an alternative method of boundary condition specification.
Introduction: Special Issue on Afro-Americanophilia in Germany
Authors: Ege Moritz , Hurley Andrew Wright 
Published: September 2015

From a ‘provincial’ and (hopefully) self-aware European perspective, it is clear that cultural forms or practices that originated among African Americans have, beyond their value to African Americans themselves and people elsewhere, contributed tremendously to life on the European continent. Those contributions include everything from the political imaginaries of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, through philosophical thought, to literature, film, television, theatre, dance, sports, visual culture and everyday aesthetics. Most prominent, perhaps, have been forms of music—blues and jazz to r’n’b, rap, and hybrid electronic music forms—all of which have ‘furnished’ European listeners’ lives, whatever their so-called race. While deeply embedded racism can run through these processes of cultural flow, transfer, and appropriation, and numerous forms of exploitation are at work, in many cases there is also an ambiguous love for Black diasporic culture, at least according to the appropriating subjects’ view of themselves, which manifests itself in admiration, desire, a sense of affinity or connection, and sometimes in fantasies of ‘becoming black.’ This issue’s papers, which present case studies of what we will call Afro-Americanophilia, address the forms, ambiguities and politics involved in these cultural processes in 20th-century Germany.
Survey Essay 2. Periodizing and Historicizing German Afro-Americanophilia: From Counterculture to Post-soul (1968-2005)
Authors: Ege Moritz , Hurley Andrew 
Published: September 2015

In our second periodizing essay, we begin with the ‘turning point’ of the late 1960s, when German Afro-Americanophilia modulated and intensified, and we then contemplate the rise of interest in the Black Diaspora amongst the new social movements, second-wave feminists, and Afro-German activists in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as various important moments in the German reception and re-contextualisation of African-American coded popular music such as disco (in the 1970s), and techno and hip-hop since the 1980s. We discuss the impact of migration and activism on heretofore unquestioned equivalences between Germanness and whiteness and contemplate the triangulation of desire within the reception and appropriation of U.S. hip-hop by diverse groups of young people in Germany. We argue that Afro-Americanophile subject positions diversified and that, especially since the 1980s, some new dynamics have emerged that seem to leave behind ideas of racial ‘authenticity.’ Finally, we query what a timeframe-based overview may not address so well, namely the question of structural continuities in the patterns of twentieth-century Afro-Americanophilia in Germany.
'Rasse' und Gesellschaft. Ernest Bornemans Ethnografie des Jazz ('Race' and Society. Ernest Borneman's Ethnography of Jazz)
Authors: Siegfried Detlef 
Published: September 2015

Der Artikel untersucht die Tätigkeit des deutschen Emigranten Ernest Borneman als Jazzkritiker. Der Autodidakt betrachtete den Jazz nicht als autonome Sphäre, als ästhetische Form, die von Individualgenies oder ‘Rassen’ geschaffen wurde, sondern führte ihn grundsätzlich auf die gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen seiner Entstehung zurück. Borneman argumentierte damit anti-essentialistisch, interessierte sich aber für die kulturellen Komponenten des Jazz, für die Verbindungen, die die in verschiedenen Kontexten entstandenen Kulturelemente unter jeweils konkreten Umständen eingingen. Dieses Interesse konstituierte seine ethnologische Perspektive auf einen Gegenstand, der, als er mit seinen Forschungen begann, noch kaum in den Blick der Wissenschaft gerückt war. In den 40er bis 60er Jahren war Borneman ein wichtiger Propagandist des Jazz auf beiden Seiten des Atlantik, der sich, u.a. als Kolumnist des „Melody Maker“, auch bei der Popularisierung des Blues, nach seiner Auffassung das „Herz“ des Jazz, in Großbritannien verdient gemacht hat. [This article examines the German emigrant Ernest Borneman’s activities as a jazz critic. An autodidact, Borneman did not regard jazz at an autonomous sphere, as an aesthetic form that had been created by individual geniuses or ‘races,’ but rather he took the music back to the social circumstances of its origins. In doing so, Borneman made an anti-essentialist argument, whilst taking an interest in the diverse cultural components of jazz, and in the connections concretely contributed by cultural elements that had arisen in diverse contexts. This interest constituted Borneman’s ethnographic perspective on an object that, at the time that he began his research, had scarcely been scientifically analysed. Between the 1940s and the 1960s, Borneman was an important propagandist of jazz on both sides of the Atlantic, who, as a columnist for Melody Makerand other papers, also contributed to the popularisation in the UK of the blues, something which for him was the ‘heart’ of jazz.]
Proposta de um modelo de maturidade para sítios de governo eletrônico
Authors: Lechakoski Rafael De Mello , Tsunoda Denise Fukumi 
Published: September 2015

Introdução: Tendo em vista a crescente utilização da tecnologia da informação - em especial a internet - pelo governo como meio de interação com cidadãos, a investigação apresenta estudo bibliográfico acerca de modelos de maturidade para governo eletrônico, abordando os temas de serviços públicos e de maturidade tanto para conceituar a Maturidade em Governo Eletrônico como para propor um modelo de maturidade para sítios de governo eletrônico. Método: Para atendimento ao propósito da pesquisa efetuou-se coleta intencional de 24 modelos de maturidade para governo eletrônico e se procedeu a análise comparativa entre eles verificando-se suas limitações em relação aos serviços prestados; à acessibilidade; à usabilidade e à integração com redes sociais, considerando-se a realidade brasileira e os requisitos previstos no Modelo de Acessibilidade em Governo Eletrônico (e-MAG). Resultados: Propõe-se um modelo de maturidade para sítios de governo eletrônico baseado na convergência dos modelos analisados, o qual é composto por quatro estágios voltados à avaliação de requisitos de serviços, acessibilidade, usabilidade e redes sociais. Diferentemente dos demais analisados, o modelo apresentado considera tanto as recomendações de acessibilidade para internet do World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), como aquelas de acessibilidade e usabilidade do governo brasileiro (e-MAG). Em cada estágio proposto apresentam-se exemplos de requisitos que podem ser avaliados e, potencialmente, transformados em indicadores. Conclusão: A utilização de um modelo para avaliar a maturidade em sítios de governo eletrônico evidencia a situação em que o sítio se encontra em relação ao que é esperado em cada estágio e qual é a linha conceitual de evolução dentro do modelo de maturidade, que reflete em melhorias a seus usuários ou cidadãos de maneira geral.
The influence of natural variability and interpolation errors on bias characterization in RCM simulations
Authors: Addor Nans , Fischer Erich M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractClimate model simulations are routinely compared to observational data sets for evaluation purposes. The resulting differences can be large and induce artifacts if propagated through impact models. They are usually termed “model biases,” suggesting that they exclusively stem from systematic models errors. Here we explore for Switzerland the contribution of two other components of this mismatch, which are usually overlooked: interpolation errors and natural variability. Precipitation and temperature simulations from the RCM COSMO‐Community Land Model were compared to two observational data sets, for which estimates of interpolation errors were derived. Natural variability on the multidecadal time scale was estimated using three approaches relying on homogenized time series, multiple runs of the same climate model, and bootstrapping of 30 year meteorological records. We find that although these methods yield different estimates, the contribution of the natural variability to RCM‐observation differences in 30 year means is usually small. In contrast, uncertainties in observational data sets induced by interpolation errors can explain a substantial proportion of the mismatch of 30 year means. In those cases, we argue that the model biases can hardly be distinguished from interpolation errors, making the characterization and reduction of model biases particularly delicate. In other regions, RCM biases clearly exceed the estimated contribution of natural variability and interpolation errors, enabling bias characterization and robust model evaluation. Overall, we argue that bias correction of climate simulations needs to account for observational uncertainties and natural variability. We particularly stress the need for reliable error estimates to accompany observational data sets.
Signal of central Pacific El Niño in the Southern Hemispheric stratosphere during austral spring
Authors: Yang Chengyun , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang , Xue Xianghui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUsing ERA‐Interim and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis data sets, we investigated the effects of the central Pacific (CP) El Niño on the Southern Hemispheric (SH) stratosphere particularly during the austral spring. SH stratosphere warming is at a maximum in September rather than in November and December, as suggested by previous studies. SH stratospheric temperature anomalies become significant beginning in July and reach a peak of approximately 4 K in September, reflecting a weakened SH vortex and a strengthened SH stratospheric Brewer‐Dobson circulation. The anomalous Eliassen‐Palm flux and its divergence in the SH midlatitudes are most significantly enhanced in August, leading to the SH maximum stratospheric temperature anomalies approximately 1 month later. In the middle latitudes of the SH, the poleward and upward propagation of enhanced planetary waves (PWs) during the austral winter (July–September) causes anomalous SH polar warming and tropical cooling in the stratosphere. The wave number 1 (WN1) pattern is responsible for PW anomalies in August, whereas the WN2 pattern is responsible for those in September. Eddy heat flux during CP El Niño is also anomalously enhanced in extratropical SH stratosphere in both August and September and subsequently weaken during the following months.
GIC due to storm sudden commencement in low‐latitude high‐voltage power network in China: Observation and simulation
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Wang C. , Sun T. R. , Liu C. M. , Wang K. R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe impact of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on the power networks at middle and low latitudes has attracted attention in recent years with the increase of large‐scale power networks. In this study, we report the GIC monitored at two low‐latitude 500 kV substations of China during the large storm of 17 March 2015. The GIC due to the storm sudden commencement (SSC) was much higher than that during the storm main phase. This phenomenon is more likely to happen at low‐latitude locations, highlighting the importance of SSC in inducing GIC in low‐latitude power networks. Furthermore, we ran a global MHD model to simulate the GIC during this SSC event by using the solar wind observation as input. The model results reproduced the main features of the GIC. The study also indicated that the eastward component of the geoelectric field is dominant for low‐latitude locations during the SSC events. Further, topology and electrical parameters of the power grids make significant differences in the GIC levels.
Enzyme‐Instructed Intracellular Molecular Self‐Assembly to Boost Activity of Cisplatin against Drug‐Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Jie , Kuang Yi , Shi Junfeng , Zhou Jie , Medina Jamie E. , Zhou Rong , Yuan Dan , Yang Cuihong , Wang Huaimin , Yang Zhimou , Liu Jianfeng , Dinulescu Daniela M. , Xu Bing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAnticancer drug resistance demands innovative approaches that boost the activity of drugs against drug‐resistant cancers without increasing the systemic toxicity. Here we show the use of enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly (EISA) to generate intracellular supramolecular assemblies that drastically boost the activity of cisplatin against drug‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. We design and synthesize small peptide precursors as the substrates of carboxylesterase (CES). CES cleaves the ester bond pre‐installed on the precursors to form the peptides that self‐assemble in water to form nanofibers. At the optimal concentrations, the precursors themselves are innocuous to cells, but they double or triple the activity of cisplatin against the drug‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. This work illustrates a simple, yet fundamental, new way to introduce non‐cytotoxic components into combination therapies with cisplatin without increasing the systemic burden or side effects.