bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing in the northern European ferry industry: An overview of on-board activity
Authors: Gilmore Audrey 
Published: September 2014

Initially this paper considers the dimensions of service quality relevant to the marketing activity of the ferry industry. Based on a review of the literature and an exploratory study of ferry industry marketing it argues that service quality will incorporate both the tangible and intangible dimensions of ferry service delivery. The findings from an empirical study of Northern European ferry operators' marketing activity carried out between 1991 and 1993 are presented in the context of both the tangible and intangible dimensions offered. The study provides an overview of the similarities and differences of the ferry industry's marketing activity in different geographical regions in northern Europe during this period.
The role of tour operators' promotional material in the formation of destination image and consumer expectations: The case of the People's Republic of China
Authors: Santos Jessica 
Published: September 2014

Image formation has been seen as important in destination marketing. However, image formation and development is a complex process that is intricately entwined with the destination selection process. A variety of sources helps to form the image of a destination in the mind of a potential holidaymaker. Similar factors will also influence consumer expectations. This paper uses the People's Republic of China as an example, and explores the role tour operators play in creating and developing image and expectations when there is lack of personal experience or word-of-mouth communications. Content analysis is used to examine the role of promotional materials used by tour operators in forming image and expectations. Results indicate that tour operators use their promotional material to create a heritage tourism image in China. This image may also result in inappropriate expectations of the holiday experience overall and hence potentially result in elements of dissatisfaction.
Use of Microdialysis-Based Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Drive Real-Time Semi-Closed-Loop Insulin Infusion
Authors: Freckmann Guido , Jendrike Nina , Pleus Stefan , Buck Harvey , Bousamra Steven , Galley Paul , Thukral Ajay , Wagner Robin , Weinert Stefan , Haug Cornelia 
Published: September 2014

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery may make diabetes management substantially easier, if the quality of the resulting therapy remains adequate. In this study, a semi-closed-loop control algorithm was used to drive insulin therapy and its quality was compared to that of subject-directed therapy. Method: Twelve subjects stayed at the study site for approximately 70 hours and were provided with the investigational Automated Pancreas System Test Stand (APS-TS), which was used to calculate insulin dosage recommendations automatically. These recommendations were based on microdialysis CGM values and common diabetes therapy parameters. For the first half of their stay, the subjects directed their diabetes therapy themselves, whereas for the second half, the insulin recommendations were delivered by the APS-TS (so-called algorithm-driven therapy). Results: During subject-directed therapy, the mean glucose was 114 mg/dl compared to 125 mg/dl during algorithm-driven therapy. Time in target (90 to 150 mg/dl) was approximately 46% during subject-directed therapy and approximately 58% during algorithm-driven therapy. When subjects directed their therapy, approximately 2 times more hypoglycemia interventions (oral administration of carbohydrates) were required than during algorithm-driven therapy. No hyperglycemia interventions (delivery of addition insulin) were necessary during subject-directed therapy, while during algorithm-driven therapy, 2 hyperglycemia interventions were necessary. Conclusions: The APS-TS was able to adequately control glucose concentrations in the subjects. Time in target was at least comparable or moderately higher during closed-loop control and markedly fewer hypoglycemia interventions were required, thus increasing patient safety.
Calcaneal Avulsion Fractures
Authors: Gitajn I. Leah , Abousayed Mostafa , Toussaint Rull James , Vrahas Mark , Kwon John Y 
Published: September 2014

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic predictors of complications and need for secondary surgery in a series of calcaneal avulsion fractures. Methods. Thirty-three patients who sustained extra-articular calcaneal avulsion fractures from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively identified. Main outcome measurement was need for secondary surgical procedures. Secondary complications such as soft tissue complications and loss of fixation were noted. Prognostic factors for outcome measures were identified. Results. There was a need for secondary operations in 12 cases. Of those, 10 (83%) had wound complications and 5 (41.7%) had failure of fixation. Two subjects required below knee amputation. Of the entire cohort of 33 patients, 13 (39.4%) had soft tissue complications. Of the 22 that underwent surgery, 6 (27%) had failure of fixation. Increased age was significantly associated with wound complications (P = .029). Hypothyroidism (P = .003), peripheral vascular disease (P = .022), and presence of more than one comorbidity (P = .005) were significantly associated with need for secondary surgical intervention. Skin compromise at presentation was significantly associated with soft tissue complication (P = .036) and failure of fixation (P = .046). Conclusions. Calcaneal avulsion fractures have a high incidence of soft tissue problems, failure of fixation, and need for additional surgeries. Comorbid conditions and increased age portend a poor prognosis with a significant association with wound complications and need for additional surgeries. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level II: Retrospective Analysis
Effect of UV/ozone treatment on polystyrene dielectric and its application on organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Huang Wei , Fan Huidong , Zhuang Xinming , Yu Junsheng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The influence of UV/ozone treatment on the property of polystyrene (PS) dielectric surface was investigated, and pentacene organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the treated dielectric was fabricated. The dielectric and pentacene active layers were characterized by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, at short UVO exposure time (<10 s), the chemical composition of PS dielectric surface remained the same. While at long UVO exposure time (>60 s), new chemical groups, including alcohol/ether, carbonyl, and carboxyl/ester groups, were formed. By adjusting the UVO exposure time to 5 s, the hole mobility of the OFETs increased to 0.52 cm2/Vs, and the threshold voltage was positively shifted to -12 V. While the time of UVO treatment exceeded 30 s, the mobility started to shrink, and the off-current was enlarged. These results indicate that, as a simple surface treatment method, UVO treatment could quantitatively modulate the property of PS dielectric surface by controlling the exposure time, and thus, pioneered a new way to modulate the characteristics of organic electronic devices.
Evaluation of oral mucosal epithelium in diabetic male patients by exfoliative cytology method
Authors: Seifi Safoura , Feizi Farideh , Moazzezi Zoleikhah , Mehdizadeh Mohammad , Zamani Babak 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
The goal of present study is to examine comparatively the epithelium of oral mucosa in persons with diabetes types I and II and the healthy persons by cytomorphometric method.

Methods
Cytology smear was prepared from oral mucosa epithelium in 24 persons with diabetes and 30 healthy persons were stained by papanicolao method. Its before, from patients were requested acquiring written. The quantitative cytomorphometric characteristics were measured in each group by motic plus 2 software. Also, the qualitative evaluation of cytology slides are performed in three groups.

Results
There were decrease in the nuclear and cytoplasmic size, (P < 0.001) and increase in the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasm size in buccal mucosal areas (P = 0.001) and tongue (P = 0.011) of diabetic persons compared to the healthy persons. There was no significantly statistical difference in diabetic persons types I and II in buccal mucosal area (P = 0.15) and tongue (P = 0.86) in quantitative characteristics of cytomoerphometry. In nuclear and cytoplasm size, there was a significant statistical difference in persons with diabetes type I and persons of control I and persons with diabetes type II and persons of control II in buccal mucosa and the tongue (P < 0.001). Bilobed or multi-lobed nuleous, karyorrhexis and vacuolization of cytoplasm were more in diabetic persons compared to the healthy ones (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Diabetes are effective in creating some quantitative and qualitative cytometric alterations in the oral mucosa but the type of diabetes doesn’t seem to be effective on these changes.
Role competences of professionals engaged in child-with-special-needs-raising-family follow-up activities
Authors: Карасева Валентина , Karaseva Valentina 
Published: September 2014

The article is devoted to the issues of personnel training for the sphere of social and pedagogical followup of families raising children with special needs, especially the issues of role competences (those of an adviser providing metholodological recommendations to parents in relation to child up-bringing; a consultant on family law and arranging for the support of experts in other fields; a defender responsible for the protection of children’s rights in cases of careless discharge of duties by the parents) of professionals providing assistance and support to children with special needs and their families. Each role requires a complex of professional knowledge and competences acquired in the course of professional training. The author puts forward practical suggestions concerning improvements of professional education and training of personnel for this field.
As the major responsibility of social counselors is currently the provision of pedagogical, social, psychological, diagnostic and medical assistance, the article elaborates the types of activities to be carried out in the framework of each of the above-mentioned branches of activity. Drawing on personal experience in the field of personnel training, the author emphasizes the fact that none of these lines of activity are followed in isolation, thus, it seems possible to identify a certain pattern of interdependence, with pedagogy underpinning each pattern.
The article takes into account the democratic reforms providing for the prerequisites for social adaptation of children with special needs.
Major repairs of tenement buildings and its role for sustaining the human living environment
Authors: Михайленко Сергей , Mikhaylenko Sergey 
Published: September 2014

The article is devoted to the role and contribution of major repairs of tenement buildings for sustaining a comfortable human living environment, which is directly linked to a region’s living standards. The
author identifies the constituents of a living environment and the factors influencing its maintenance in the framework of normative regulation. Major repairs include the maintenance of the performance properties — eliminating the physical deterioration and obsolescence of a tenement building, as well as ensuring the tenants’ and other persons’ safety (in terms of a wide variety of microclimate-creating factors like the quality of breathing air, lighting, noise, vibration, etc.) during and after the repair works. However, it does not target the principal technical and economic characteristics. In compliance with legal and normative regulations, major repairs programs target parts of hard assets and public premises of a tenement building.
The author proposes a methodological approach to the assessment of the factors affecting the quality of life during and after the major repairs. The approach is based on the well-known method of socio-economic
research involving a systemic analysis, which incorporates the multitude of interdependent and interrelated living-environment-forming factors.
Loss of femininity by Medea: Reasons and an ethical evaluation
Authors: Иванова Ирина , Ivanova Irina 
Published: September 2014

The author of the article seeks to reveal the reasons for the loss of femininity by heroines’ suffering from the Medea complex. To this end, the author considers the various developments of the plot featuring a betrayed woman taking revenge on her husband to be found in mythology, Euripides’ tragedies, Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh’s dramas, Yuri Petrovich Lyubimov’s theatrical performances at the Taganka Theatre. The author demonstrates that the revenge of mythological Medea is extolled and sanctified by Helios. In «Medea» created in a patriarchy-dominated period, Euripides shows a different attitude: his sympathy for the heroine reveals itself in Medea’s monologue, however, his condemnation of children-destruction by Medea is evident through the chorus cues. The image of the heroine is still elevated and stirs up sympathy. Lyubimov theatrical performance is inspired by Euripides’ tragedy, but the director gives a broad hint at the Medea tragedy repeating itself in the contemporary context. Kama Ginkas’ theatrical performances, emphasis is laid on Medea’s villainy, rather than on a feat of love. The author of the article claims that
the evolution of the interpretation of Medea’s image is in tune with the evolution of cultural values over time. The view of Medea as alien to femininity is related by the author to the dominance of patriarchy and
Christianity, which the author is agreed with and concludes that currently the image of Medea is to be seen as a negative example which serves to demonstrate that revenge, murder, and lack of maternal duty are incompatible with the concept of femininity. The author proves that the Medea complex identification and its ethics- and aesthetics-informed interpretation are currently of utmost importance.
Economocentrism as a dominant world outlook pattern of modern society
Authors: Семерник Снежана , Semernik Snezhana 
Published: September 2014

The article deals with economocentrism as a current social phenomenon. Economocentrism is a world outlook pattern which regards economy and economy-related phenomena as pivotal for all the major spheres of life. Such a pattern reflects a purely material orientation of the public and private conscience, with cultural, spiritual, moral, and interpersonal relationship-building principles relegated. By giving absolute
priority to economocentrism, scientific theory reduces a vast range of causal baseline socio-economic development-shaping factors to mathematically calculated regularities and patterns which do not take into
account the specifics — differing views on the natural and geographical heterogeneity of economic systems, and, hence, differing mentality of economic agents, as well as ethical, social, and political aspects — of the environment they describe. Exclusive reliance on the principles of economocentrics is socially destructive and results in crises, thus, breaking the current economocentric paradigm of social development is a vital issue. A possible solution could be a reverse to culture, ethics, human personality, and, most importantly, a contextual approach to economic problems.
The problem of normative regulation in the context of private-social interaction (case study: the phenomenon of morals)
Authors: Дмитриева Ирина , Dmitrieva Irina , Ивахнов Василий , Ivakhnov Vasiliy 
Published: September 2014

Based on the analysis of the public conscience as demonstrated in the context of private and social behaviour control patterns, the authors identify mechanisms and principles of normative regulation. For the purpose of the analysis, the authors compare the platforms of Russian and non-Russian researchers and make conclusions about the subject-object nature of moral oughtness.
The authors use an integrative approach to morals as ontology-based normative regulation, rather than a will-constraining norm. A critical review of the works by Russian and Soviet philosophers reveals that,
when considering the issue of the correlation between the moral and the social, Russian/ Soviet philosophy tends to emphasize and, not infrequently, intentionally exaggerate the determination of the moral oughtness by the social.
The authors hold that one of the key aspects of moral determination is the source and the foundation of the moral claim, which, in turn, involves a number of interrelated issues: first, the correlation of the subjective
and the objective in the moral plane; second, the correlation of the personal free will and choice of action and behaviour in the framework of moral function.
Raczej koniunkturalizm niż idealizm. Kilka refleksji na temat „realizmu” Zjednoczonego Stronnictwa Ludowego i jego członków
Authors: Szpytma Mateusz 
Published: September 2014

Opportunism instead of idealism. Some reflections about the “realism” of the United Peasant Party and its members
The article deals with the functioning of the United Peasant Party during the years of the “People’s” Republic of Poland. The essays analyses the scholarly literature and the views of the researchers on the statute od the Party, as well as recounts the basic facts from its history between 1949 and 1989. The author based his findings on a detailed historical research on the operating of UPP in the Krakow region (1949‑1956) and concluded that during the Stalinism period the party did not rise to the expectations of the Polish United Worker’s Party (PZPR), although it acted against the peasant’s cause. During the later times (1956‑1989) it gained some independence but still served the interests of the PZPR. According to the author, the party’s membership was based mainly on opportunistic reasons. On the other hand, as an example of the realistic approach may serve the case of Stanisław Mierzwa.
Językowe środki deprecjacji przeciwnika w debatach telewizyjnych między liderami partyjnymi
Authors: Zając Beata 
Published: September 2014

Language means of depreciation of an opponent in television debates between party leaders
The article raises the issue of rhetoric means used in Polish parliamentary campaigns, exemplified by the 2007 campaign. However only an extract of such electoral activities was taken into consideration, namely the televised debates between the party leaders. The basis of the analysis consists of three debates broadcasted in Polish Television between: Donald Tusk and Jarosław Kaczyński (12th October 2007), Donald Tusk and Aleksander Kwaśniewski (15th October 2007), Jarosław Kaczyński and Aleksander Kwaśniewski (7th October 2007). The author focused on the language operations carried out in order to depreciate the opponent in the context of the situation created by media debate. The most common acts of depreciation – both overt and concealable in many ways – their action mechanisms, as well as the defence methods against them were analyzled in the article.
Dyskurs medialny i polityka wobec młodzieży a jej społeczne reprezentacje
Authors: Messyasz Karolina 
Published: September 2014

Media discourse, policy towards youth and its social representations
The article attempts to trace the discourse of the press about youth from the perspective of twenty years of transition appearing in media communications by „Gazeta Wyborcza”, „Dziennik. Polska‑Europa- Świat”, „Tygodnik Powszechny” and „Przegląd Polityczny”. Discursive construction of reality is treated as a social activity. Symbolic activity understood as ways of defining reality for young people, is, in my opinion, a key to try to answer questions about youth identity, position and role in the social world. Analysis were based on eight debates with the participation of young people. The analysis allowed to reconstruct a complete pictures of each debate, which were then presented in the form of graphic diagrams. It helped to restore the views of young people, the world around them, their place in it, subject of their concerns, fears, anxieties, dreams, life goals, values, etc. What is more, that knowledge reveal four collective representation of youth: “Generation ‘68”, “Generation ‘89”, “Generation 2000”, “Generation 2010”: and conditions under which they were created. Analysis are testimony to the progressive deconstruction of cultural tools, by which young people could define themselves in terms of a community. As a result, in discourse there appear a pragmatic and individualistic attitudes to reality and materialization of the awareness of young people.
Podróż jako poszukiwanie tożsamości
Authors: Piwowarska Danuta 
Published: September 2014

Journey as the quest for self‑ identity. European peregrinations of the Russian romantics
The Author of the article concentrates on the role and sense of a journey as functioning in the consciousness of the Russian in the first half of the 19th century. The Russian used to travel to Europe for the sake of education already in the 18th century – in the epoch of Peter I. Travelling became even more popular in the Romantic period. Russian Romantics considered the journey to Europe as “the travel of discovery”, being thus a form of the exploration of the world and other cultures, but also a form of experience aimed at the acquisition of self‑ knowledge and the recognition of self identity. The journey to the West of Europe could be perceived also in terms of a peculiar escape as well as an attempt at self‑ liberation from the gloomy reality of the Russian Empire at the time of tsar Nikolay I.Russian travelers – observing European order and comparing it to their own country – realized that there was a great distance between Russia and Europe in this respect. The juxtaposition of those two worlds – Europe and Russia – was frequently connected with the process of verification of national, religious and cultural identity.
Kultura polityczna elit w miastach partnerskich pogranicza Polski, Słowacji, Węgier i Ukrainy
Authors: Nijander‑Dudzińska Agata 
Published: September 2014

The Influence of the Twinning on the Political Culture of Urban Elites on Borderland of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Ukraine (research concept)
Urban elite political culture can be understood as meanings, symbols and values which determine the types of political activities in the field of political power. It is shaped by many factors, among which worth mentioning are contemporary transnational relations. An interesting form of this relationship is a partnership of cities (twinning). The paper proposes the concept of the research on this factor’s impact on the political culture of the elites in the partner cities of Central Europe, situated on the border of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Ukraine. Research is based on the Victor Turner concept of social field. Knowledge gained as a result of this research can help to understand and explain how political culture of local elitesin this region evolve. Stress will be placed on continuity, autonomy, variety and affinities between different local political cultures. At the end current state of the relations between these political cultures will described and evaluated to give also prognosis for the future cooperation between them.