bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walrus optimizer-based optimal fractional order PID control for performance enhancement of offshore wind farms
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed A. M. , Hasanien Hany M. , Mekhamer S. F. , Talaat Hossam E. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOffshore wind farms (OWFs) play a crucial role in producing renewable energy in modern electrical power systems. However, to ensure that these facilities operate smoothly, they require robust control systems. As a result, this paper employed the newly developed Walrus Optimization algorithm (WaOA) to optimize the design parameters of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers in the power electronic interface circuits of the studied wind energy conversion system (WECS). In contrast to conventional optimization techniques like GA and PSO, the suggested approach proves more effective. The paper validates the WaOA application in optimizing FOPID controllers within a WECS comprising two, onshore and offshore, VSC stations at the two ends of an HVDC transmission system connecting OWFs to the mainland. The study shows that the WaOA outperforms GA and PSO, improving system stability and enabling quick recovery after disturbances. The study carried out using MATLAB/Simulink highlights the significance of newly recently introduced optimization techniques to ensure efficient and reliable operation of offshore wind energy systems, thereby expediting the transition to sustainable energy sources.
Perivascular spaces around arteries exceed perivenous spaces in the mouse brain
Authors: Smets Nina G. , van der Panne Shakira A. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Bakker Erik N. T. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe perivascular space (PVS) surrounds cerebral blood vessels and plays an important role in clearing waste products from the brain. Their anatomy and function have been described for arteries, but PVS around veins remain poorly characterized. Using in vivo 2-photon imaging in mice, we determined the size of the PVS around arteries and veins, and their connection with the subarachnoid space. After infusion of 70 kD FITC-dextran into the cerebrospinal fluid via the cisterna magna, labeled PVS were evident around arteries, but veins showed less frequent labeling of the PVS. The size of the PVS correlated with blood vessel size for both pial arteries and veins, but not for penetrating vessels. The PVS around pial arteries and veins was separated from the subarachnoid space by a thin meningeal layer, which did not form a barrier for the tracer. In vivo, FITC-dextran signal was observed adjacent to the vessel wall, but minimally within the wall itself. Post-mortem, there was a significant shift in the tracer's location within the arterial wall, extending into the smooth muscle layer. Taken together, these findings suggest that the PVS around veins has a limited role in the exchange of solutes between CSF and brain parenchyma.
Optical measurements of the twist constant and angle in nematic liquid crystal cells
Authors: Bankova Denitsa , Podoliak Nina , Kaczmarek Malgosia , D’Alessandro Giampaolo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a reliable optical method for measuring the twist elastic constant $$\text {K}_2$$

K
2

and for assessing the total twist angle in a standard nematic twist cell. The method relies on the use of a non-standard configuration of crossed polarisers and a twist cell, which allows us to measure accurately the twist-cell parameters by reducing the degeneracy between them. Grid patching and an efficient beam propagation method are utilised in the numerical models used for fitting the experimental data. The modelling shows that the polarisation dynamics in a twist cell is non-trivial and much more complex than in a planar cell. The twist elastic constant of three commonly used liquid crystals (5CB, 6CHBT and E7) was successfully extracted from cross-polarised intensity measurements.
Climate justice and policy analysis: still a reserved relationship
Authors: Pollex Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate justice issues have been propelled onto political agendas by the recent wave of climate activism, which emphasizes the need for more equitable development. Although a substantial body of research identifies injustices related to climate change, policy research has yet to adequately address this topic. This contribution aims to bridge this gap by advocating for a stronger connection between climate justice and policy analysis. It reviews existing literature, highlighting key focal points in the research, and identifies avenues for future study. The review underscores the need for a more thorough examination of the intersection between policy measures and climate justice.
Loss of Elp3 blocks intestinal tuft cell differentiation via an mTORC1-Atf4 axis
Authors: Wathieu Caroline , Lavergne Arnaud , Xu Xinyi , Rolot Marion , Nemazanyy Ivan , Shostak Kateryna , El Hachem Najla , Maurizy Chloé , Leemans Charlotte , Close Pierre , Nguyen Laurent , Desmet Christophe , Tielens Sylvia , Dewals Benjamin G , Chariot Alain 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntestinal tuft cells are critical for anti-helminth parasite immunity because they produce IL-25, which triggers IL-13 secretion by activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to expand both goblet and tuft cells. We show that epithelial Elp3, a tRNA-modifying enzyme, promotes tuft cell differentiation and is consequently critical for IL-25 production, ILC2 activation, goblet cell expansion and control of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis helminth infection in mice. Elp3 is essential for the generation of intestinal immature tuft cells and for the IL-13-dependent induction of glycolytic enzymes such as Hexokinase 1 and Aldolase A. Importantly, loss of epithelial Elp3 in the intestine blocks the codon-dependent translation of the Gator1 subunit Nprl2, an mTORC1 inhibitor, which consequently enhances mTORC1 activation and stabilizes Atf4 in progenitor cells. Likewise, Atf4 overexpression in mouse intestinal epithelium blocks tuft cell differentiation in response to intestinal helminth infection. Collectively, our data define Atf4 as a negative regulator of tuft cells and provide insights into promotion of intestinal type 2 immune response to parasites through tRNA modifications.
Therapeutic targeting ERRγ suppresses metastasis via extracellular matrix remodeling in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Hong , Sun Huizi , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhenhua , Cai Guodi , Wang Chaofan , Xiao Kai , Xiong Xiaofeng , Zhang Jian , Liu Peiqing , Lu Xiaoyun , Feng Weineng , Wang Junjian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive and lethal type of lung cancer, characterized by limited treatment options, early and frequent metastasis. However, the determinants of metastasis in SCLC are poorly defined. Here, we show that estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is overexpressed in metastatic SCLC tumors, and is positively associated with SCLC progression. ERRγ functions as an essential activator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cell adhesion, two critical steps in metastasis, by directly regulating the expression of major genes involved in these processes. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ERRγ markedly reduces collagen production, cell-matrix adhesion, microfilament production, and eventually blocks SCLC cell invasion and tumor metastasis. Notably, ERRγ antagonists significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis and restored SCLC vulnerability to chemotherapy in multiple cell-derived and patient-derived xenograft models. Taken together, these findings establish ERRγ as an attractive target for metastatic SCLC and provide a potential pharmacological strategy for treating this lethal disease.
Communication Public Health: An Integration of Audiology, Speech-Language Pathology, and Public Health
Authors: Warren Sarah E. , Lopez Leslie C. , Anthony Teresa , Coco Laura 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Health care is advancing toward a collaborative and integrative approach that promotes general health and wellness while addressing health inequities through the consideration of broader social and economic factors that influence the well-being of the entire population. Recently, there has been growing evidence of public health concept applications in fields related to speech, language, and hearing. However, there is an outstanding need to explicitly define the intersection of public health, including prevention and health promotion, and the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) across the areas of education, clinical practice, research, and policy. The authors propose a definition for this intersection using the new term
communication public health
.

Method:
This tutorial provides guidance on how to conceptualize communication public health and invites refinement and expansion of the intersection between public health and CSD. Because readers are experts in CSD, this tutorial aims to supplement existing knowledge with information on public health to achieve three main objectives: (a) increase knowledge of the application of public health concepts among speech, language, hearing, and related professionals (SLHP+); (b) introduce the concept of communication public health; and (c) discuss the relevance of communication public health across domains within CSD. The authors utilize the socioecological model to provide examples of applications.

Results:
The concept of communication public health is proposed as the collaborative area of CSD and public health, which encompasses prevention and promotion of equity in communication health through individual-, community-, and population-level efforts. The goals of communication public health are achieved through applications of public health principles in CSD education, clinical practice, research, and policy.

Conclusion:
Communication public health defines an area of collaboration between public health and CSD in which SLHP+ can apply public health concepts to both advance communication health and address health disparities.
Multi‐objective optimisation framework for standalone DC‐microgrids with direct load control in demand‐side management
Authors: Jayasinghe Hasith , Gunawardane Kosala , Zamora Ramon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRenewable energy‐powered DC microgrids have emerged as a sustainable alternative for standalone power systems in remote locations, which were traditionally reliant on diesel generators (DIG) only. To ensure power quality and reliability, energy storage systems (ESS) and demand‐side management (DSM) techniques are employed, addressing the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RES). This manuscript presents a novel multi‐objective optimisation framework to determine the equipment sizing, depth of discharge (DoD) of ESS, and share of controllable loads contributing to DSM in a standalone DC microgrid incorporated with RES as a primary energy source and a backup DIG. The proposed optimisation strategy utilises genetic algorithm with the objectives of minimizing lifecycle cost and carbon footprint. A novel battery energy storage system (BESS) management criterion is introduced, which accounts for battery degradation in the lifecycle cost calculation. The minimum allowable DoD of the BESS is considered a decision variable in the optimisation problem to assess the impact of higher DoD on lifecycle cost improvement. MATLAB simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimisation model significantly reduces the levelized cost of electricity and per unit carbon footprint compared to previous models. Additionally, it identifies an optimal range of DoD for the BESS to enhance the lifecycle cost of a standalone DC microgrid.
Neural network‐based integrated reactive power optimization study for power grids containing large‐scale wind power
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Chenhao , Zhao Biao , Du Xiao , Zhang Huaixun , Shang Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe high uncertainty of wind power output greatly affects the rapid reactive power optimization of power systems. This paper proposes a neural network‐based comprehensive reactive power optimization method for large‐scale wind power grids, effectively addressing the challenges of rapid reactive power optimization in power systems. Firstly, by constructing typical wind‐power‐load scenarios, the generalization ability of the neural network is improved. Then, focusing on the comprehensive reactive power optimization problem after integrating typical wind‐power‐load scenarios into the system, the improved Harris hawks optimization algorithm (HHO) is compared with the particle swarm optimization algorithm and traditional HHO algorithm, highlighting its advantages. Finally, HHO is utilized for solving, thereby constructing a comprehensive reactive power optimization strategy tag set. Furthermore, through deep fitting of the neural network between the power grid operating state and the comprehensive reactive power optimization strategy, the computational complexity and decision‐making time of reactive power optimization are reduced.
VVV catalog of ab-type RR Lyrae in the inner Galactic bulge
Authors: Zoccali M. , Quezada C. , Contreras Ramos R. , Valenti E. , Valenzuela-Navarro A. , Olivares Carvajal J. , Rojas Arriagada A. , Minniti J. H. , Gran F. , De Leo M. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Observational evidence has accumulated in recent years, showing that the Galactic bulge includes two populations, a metal-poor one and a metal-rich one, which in addition to having different metallicities show different alpha over iron abundances, spatial distribution, and kinematics. While the metal-rich, barred component has been fairly well characterized, the metal-poor, spheroidal component has been more elusive and harder to describe. RR Lyrae variables are clean tracers of the old bulge component, and they are, on average, more metal-poor than red clump stars.
Aims. In the present paper, we provide a new catalog of 16488 ab-type RR Lyrae variables in the bulge region within |l|≲10° and |b|≲2.8°, extracted from multi-epoch Point Spread Function photometry performed on VISTA Variable in the Vía Láctea survey data. We used the catalog to constrain the shape of the old, metal-poor, bulge stellar population.
Methods. The identification of ab-type RR Lyrae among a large sample of candidate variables of different types has been performed via a combination of a Random Forest classifier and visual inspection. We optimized this process in such a way to extract a clean catalog with high purity, although for this reason its completeness, close to the midplane, is lower compared to a few other near-infrared catalogs covering the same region of the sky.
Results. We used the present catalog to derive the shape of their distribution around the Galactic center, resulting in an elongated spheroid with projected axis ratio of b/a~0.7 and an inclination angle of ϕ~20 degrees. We discuss how observational biases, such as errors on the distances and a nonuniform sampling in longitude, affect both the present measurements and previous ones, especially those based on red clump stars. Because the latter have not been taken into account before, we refrain from a quantitative comparison between these shape parameters and those derived for the main Galactic bar. Nonetheless, qualitatively, taking into account observational biases would lower the estimated ellipticity of the bar derived from red clump stars, and hence reduce the difference with the present results.
Conclusions. We publish a high-purity RRab sample for future studies of the oldest Galactic bulge population, close to the midplane. We explore different choices for the period-luminosity-metallicity relation, highlighting how some of them introduce spurious trends of distance with either the period or the metallicity, or both. We provide evidence that they trace a structure that is less elongated than the main bar, though we also highlight some biases of these kind of studies not discussed before.
Risiken diabetesassoziierter Komorbiditäten in Subgruppen des Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Marx Nikolaus , Kelm Malte , Roden Michael 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDiabetes mellitus ist eine vielfältige Erkrankung, die sich in ihren klinischen Merkmalen sowie im Risiko für begleitende Krankheiten und Komplikationen unterscheidet. Bisherige Klassifikationen haben sich hauptsächlich auf die Unterscheidung zwischen Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes konzentriert, abgesehen von Gestationsdiabetes und anderen spezifischen Formen mit bekannter Ursache. Durch die Nutzung einfacher Variablen ist es nun möglich, die verschiedenen Typen von Diabetes in Subgruppen/Cluster einzuteilen. Diese Einteilung ermöglicht eine genauere Bewertung spezifischer Patientengruppen und könnte in Zukunft personalisierte Ansätze für Prävention, Diagnose und Therapie ermöglichen.
Lipidmanagement bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus – Strategien zur Risikoreduktion
Authors: Brandts Julia 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) weisen ein doppelt so hohes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse auf wie die Allgemeinbevölkerung, ein Risiko, das teilweise durch Senkung von Apolipoprotein-B100-haltigen Lipoproteinen reduziert werden könnte. Allerdings erreichen wenige die empfohlenen LDL-Cholesterin-Zielwerte aufgrund hoher Ausgangswerte, Therapieunverträglichkeiten und ärztlicher Risikounterschätzung. Der SCORE2-Diabetes bietet eine präzise Risikobewertung, indem er konventionelle und diabetesspezifische Faktoren einbezieht. Behandlungsbasis bilden weiterhin Statine, doch oft sind Kombinationstherapien mit Ezetimib oder Bempedoinsäure nötig. PCSK9-Inhibitoren sind eine effektive Option für Hochrisikopatienten. Durch den strategischen Einsatz dieser Therapieansätze kann das Management von Lipiden bei T2D-Patienten erheblich verbessert und damit das Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse reduziert werden.
Leitlinienempfehlungen für den klinischen Alltag: die 2023-ESC-Leitlinien zum Management kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Marx Nikolaus , Roden Michael , Kelm Malte , Grandoch Maria 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Diabetes mellitus haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für die Entwicklung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen, und das Vorliegen beider Komorbiditäten hat nicht nur einen massiven Einfluss auf die Prognose der Patienten, sondern ist auch entscheidend für die Implementierung einer evidenzbasierten Therapie zur Reduktion des kardiovaskulären Risikos. Die neuen Leitlinien der europäischen Kardiologengesellschaft ESC wurden im August 2023 veröffentlich und geben Empfehlungen zum Management kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen bei Patienten mit Diabetes. Die wesentlichen Aspekte dieser Leitlinien werden in der folgenden Übersichtsarbeit zusammengefasst.
Epikardiales Fett: kardiovaskuläre Risiken und Manifestation einer veränderten Fettverteilung
Authors: Balfanz Paul , Müller-Wieland Dirk 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz einer chronischen Herzinsuffizienz (heart failure, HF) ist in der westlichen Bevölkerung sehr hoch. Bei der HF spielen neben einer koronaren Herzerkrankung gerade bei den Patienten mit einer erhaltenen Pumpfunktion (Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction, HFpEF) weitere metabolische Faktoren, wie z. B. Übergewicht und Diabetes, eine wichtige Rolle.Ektopes Fettgewebe, insbesondere epikardiales Fett (epicardial adipose tissue, EAT), könnte ein neues Bindeglied zwischen ischämischer Herzerkrankung inklusive Remodeling, Übergewicht/Adipositas und der Entwicklung einer HFpEF sein. EAT besitzt eine dichotome Funktion als Energiepuffer oder Risikofaktor der Koronarkalzifizierung und beeinflusst als endokrines Gewebe insbesondere durch Adipokine wie Adiponectin den weiteren Krankheitsprogress nach Myokardinfarkt. Seneszenzvorgänge im Fettgewebe verändern dessen endokrines Verhalten sowie dessen immunzelluläre Zusammensetzung, was den Krankheitsprogress und auch die Entwicklung einer HFpEF begünstigen könnte. Interessanterweise reduziert körperliche Aktivität Prozesse der Seneszenz und Gewichtsreduktion die Menge an EAT.
Recreational Cannabis Legalization: No Contribution to Rising
Prescription Stimulants in the USA
Authors: Alexander Garrett D. , Cavanah Luke R. , Goldhirsh Jessica L. , Huey Leighton Y. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction There have been substantial increases in the use of Schedule
II stimulants in the United States. Schedule II stimulants are the gold standard
treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but also carry
the risk of addiction. Since the neurocognitive deficits seen in ADHD resemble
those of chronic cannabis use, and the rise in stimulant use is incompletely
understood, this study sought to determine if recreational cannabis (RC)
legalization increased distribution rates of Schedule II stimulants.
Methods The distribution of amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and
methylphenidate were extracted from the ARCOS database of the Drug Enforcement
Administration. The three-year population-corrected slopes of distribution
before and after RC sales were evaluated.
Results Total stimulant distribution rates were significantly higher in
states with RC sales after (p=0.049), but not before (p=0.221),
program implementation compared to states without RC. Significant effects of
time (p<0.001) and RC sales status (p=0.045) were observed,
while time x RC sales status interaction effects were not significant
(p=0.406).
Discussion RC legalization did not contribute to a more pronounced rise in
Schedule II stimulant distribution in states. Future studies could explore the
impact of illicit cannabis use on stimulant rates and the impact of cannabis
sales on distribution rates of non-stimulant ADHD pharmacotherapies and ADHD
diagnoses.
Der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Menstruationsgesundheit: Überblick über 20 bio-psycho-soziale Aspekte
Authors: Döring Nicola , Shevtsova Anastasiia , Schumann-Doermer Claudia 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit dem Jahr 2022 hat die Weltgesundheitsorganisation die Menstruationsgesundheit als zentrales Gesundheits- und Menschrechtsthema anerkannt. Bei der Menstruationsgesundheit geht es um ein ganzheitliches physisches, psychisches und soziales Wohlbefinden rund um die Monatsblutung. Regierungen sollen aktiv dazu beitragen, durch sachgerechte Menstruationsaufklärung, Bereitstellung von Menstruationsprodukten sowie medizinische Menstruationsversorgung, der tradierten Tabuisierung des Themas sowie der Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung von menstruierenden Menschen in den einzelnen Staaten entgegenzuwirken. Das individuelle Menstruationserleben ist oftmals negativ, geprägt von Schmerz, Stress und Scham. Dabei kann die Periode auch als Zeichen reproduktiver Gesundheit und guter Allgemeingesundheit sowie als Ausdruck weiblicher Potenz gewürdigt und mit Stolz verbunden werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag fächert die verschiedenen Dimensionen der Menstruation vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Debatten um Menstruationsgesundheit auf. Es werden 20 verschiedene Aspekte in einem bio-psycho-sozialen Modell strukturiert. So geht es unter anderem um Menstruations-Apps, nachhaltige Monatshygiene, menstruationsfreundliche Arbeitsplätze, Menstruationssex, mediale Menstruationsdarstellungen und Menstruationsaktivismus. Der Beitrag präsentiert aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse, Praxisbeispiele und Visualisierungen, um sowohl die sexualpädagogische Praxis als auch die sexualwissenschaftliche Forschung zur weiteren Auseinandersetzung mit dem facettenreichen Phänomen der Menstruation zu inspirieren.