bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socialism, Community, and Limiting Leviathan
Authors: Browning Gary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Murdoch’s non-fiction exploration of the political is matched by the inclusion within her novels of a number of political themes. In the early novels Murdoch’s radical utopianism is explored. For instance, in Under the Net, the nature of socialism is debated by the major protagonist, Jake Donaghue, and a political radical, Lefty Todd. Their conversation raises major questions about the popularity and character of socialism in the post-war world. Freedom is discussed by the character Bill Mor in The Sandcastle, and a radical community experimenting with non-capitalist modes of work is described in The Bell. Revolutionary Irish Nationalism is explored in The Red and the Green, along with more moderate Anglo-Irish sentiments. In subsequent novels more pessimistic readings of the political are offered, notably in The Book and the Brotherhood where a great critical work of political theory is being written, and characters discuss its prospects and meaning. Notwithstanding her increasing criticism of radical politics, the novel appears to support lively debate on politics, in which radicalism is espoused alongside more conservative views.
Cause-specific survival analysis of gynecological cancers among a non-White population: a SEER-based study
Authors: Priyadarshini Subhadra , Swain Prafulla Kumar , Padhee Sourav , Agarwal Khushi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gynecological cancers are the most prevalent cancers in women, making them a major public health concern for decades. Health disparities and inequalities in access to care among different racial groups have been a major concern in the US healthcare system. This study was aimed at investigating cause-specific survival rates among non-White women with gynecological cancer and to identify risk factors associated with gynecological cancer mortality by race. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate 5-year survival estimates and various risk factors for gynecological cancer among non-White women were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard model. The findings of this study highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve access to care and reduce health disparities for non-White women with gynecological cancer.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Gynecological Cancer.
Long-Term Effects of Intensive Rehabilitation on Memory Functions in Acquired Brain-Damaged Patients
Authors: Anaki David , Devisheim Haim , Goldenberg Rosalind , Feuerstein Rafael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Memory difficulties after brain injury are a frequent and concerning outcome, affecting a wide range of daily activities, employment, and social reintegration. Despite the importance of functional memory capacities throughout life, most studies examined the short-term effects of memory interventions in brain-damaged patients who underwent a rehabilitation program. In the present study, we investigated the long-term outcomes and intensity of memory interventions in acquired (traumatic brain injury [TBI] and non-TBI) brain-damaged patients who participated in an intensive cognitive rehabilitation program and either suffered or did not suffer from memory impairments.

Method
We measured pre-post-treatment memory performance of patiients (N = 24) suffering from memory deficits in four common and validated memory tasks (e.g. ROCFT). We compared them to other acquired brain injury patients treated at the same rehabilitation facility who did not suffer from memory impairments (N = 16).

Results
Patients with memory deficits showed long-term improvements in three out of four tasks, while patients without memory deficits showed memory enhancements in only one task. In addition, rehabilitation intensity and type of brain damage predicted the extent of the memory change over time.

Discussion
Long-term improvements in objective memory measures can be observed in patients suffering from brain injury. These improvements can be enhanced by intensifying the treatment program. Findings also suggest that these memory improvements are more pronounced in non-TBI than TBI patients. We discuss the implications of these results in designing optimal memory rehabilitation interventions.
Interplay between subthalamic nucleus and spinal cord controls parkinsonian nociceptive disorders
Authors: Charles Keri-Ann , Molpeceres Sierra Elba , Bouali-Benazzouz Rabia , Tibar Houyam , Oudaha Khalid , Naudet Frédéric , Duveau Alexia , Fossat Pascal , Benazzouz Abdelhamid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pain is a non-motor symptom that impairs quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. Pathological nociceptive hypersensitivity in patients could be due to changes in the processing of somatosensory information at the level of the basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), but the underlying mechanisms are not yet defined. Here, we investigated the interaction between the STN and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (DHSC), by first examining the nature of STN neurons that respond to peripheral nociceptive stimulation and the nature of their responses under normal and pathological conditions. Next, we studied the consequences of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN on the electrical activity of DHSC neurons. Then, we investigated whether the therapeutic effect of STN-DBS would be mediated by the brainstem descending pathway involving the rostral ventromedial medulla. Finally, to better understand how the STN modulates allodynia, we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) expressed in the STN.
The study was carried out on the 6-OHDA rodent model of Parkinson's disease, obtained by stereotactic injection of the neurotoxin into the medial forebrain bundle of rats and mice. In these animals, we used motor and nociceptive behavioural tests, in vivo electrophysiology of STN and wide dynamic range (WDR) DHSC neurons in response to peripheral stimulation, deep brain stimulation of the STN and the selective DREADD approach. Vglut2-ires-cre mice were used to specifically target and inhibit STN glutamatergic neurons.
STN neurons are able to detect nociceptive stimuli, encode their intensity and generate windup-like plasticity, like WDR neurons in the DHSC. These phenomena are impaired in dopamine-depleted animals, as the intensity response is altered in both spinal and subthalamic neurons. Furthermore, as with L-DOPA, STN-DBS in rats ameliorated 6-OHDA-induced allodynia, and this effect is mediated by descending brainstem projections leading to normalization of nociceptive integration in DHSC neurons. Furthermore, this therapeutic effect was reproduced by selective inhibition of STN glutamatergic neurons in Vglut2-ires-cre mice.
Our study highlights the centrality of the STN in nociceptive circuits, its interaction with the DHSC and its key involvement in pain sensation in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, our results provide for the first-time evidence that subthalamic DBS produces analgesia by normalizing the responses of spinal WDR neurons via descending brainstem pathways. These effects are due to direct inhibition, rather than activation of glutamatergic neurons in the STN or passage fibres, as shown in the DREADDs experiment.
Distinct transcriptional alterations distinguish Lewy body disease from Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Olney Kimberly C , Rabichow Benjamin E , Wojtas Aleksandra M , DeTure Michael , McLean Pamela J , Dickson Dennis W , Chang Rui , Ross Owen A , Fryer John D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are leading causes of cognitive impairment, characterized by distinct but overlapping neuropathological hallmarks. Lewy body disease (LBD) is characterized by α-synuclein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies as well as the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques, with many cases also exhibiting neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology. In contrast, AD is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Both conditions often co-occur with additional neuropathological changes, such as vascular disease and TDP-43 pathology.
To elucidate shared and distinct molecular signatures underlying these mixed neuropathologies, we extensively analysed transcriptional changes in the anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region critically involved in cognitive processes. We performed bulk tissue RNA sequencing from the anterior cingulate cortex and determined differentially expressed genes (q-value &lt;0.05) in control (n = 81), LBD (n = 436), AD (n = 53) and pathological amyloid cases consisting of amyloid pathology with minimal or no tau pathology (n = 39). We used gene set enrichment and weighted gene correlation network analysis to understand the pathways associated with each neuropathologically defined group.
LBD cases had strong upregulation of inflammatory pathways and downregulation of metabolic pathways. The LBD cases were further subdivided into either high Thal amyloid, Braak NFT, or low pathological burden cohorts. Compared to the control cases, the LBD cohorts consistently showed upregulation for genes involved in protein folding and cytokine immune response, as well as downregulation of fatty acid metabolism. Surprisingly, concomitant tau pathology within the LBD cases resulted in no additional changes. Some core inflammatory pathways were shared between AD and LBD but with numerous disease-specific changes. Direct comparison of LBD cohorts versus AD cases revealed strong enrichment of synaptic signalling, behaviour and neuronal system pathways. Females had a stronger response overall in both LBD and AD, with several sex-specific changes.
Overall, the results identify genes commonly and uniquely dysregulated in neuropathologically defined LBD and AD cases, shedding light on shared and distinct molecular pathways. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of considering sex-specific changes in understanding the complex transcriptional landscape of these neurodegenerative diseases.
Central involvement in peripheral disease: melanopsin pathway impairment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Steiner Oliver L , Klostermann Fabian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) compromises functions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Recently, however, symptoms such as cognitive deficits, visual dysfunction and circadian disorders were reported, compatible with additional involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in CIDP. Against this background, we were interested in the functional state of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) as a potential biomarker for sleep–wake abnormalities and CNS involvement in CIDP. Based on a chromatic pupillometry protocol, we examined the integrity of the melanopsin system in a prospective case–control study in 20 persons with CIDP compared to 20 controls without CIDP. The results were referred to clinical measures of disease severity and sleep behaviour. Patients with CIDP had a significantly reduced melanopsin-mediated post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) compared to healthy controls (25% versus 36%; P &lt; 0.01). This reduction correlated with disease severity (r = 0.478, P &lt; 0.05). Further, patients with CIDP reported diminished sleep quality (P &lt; 0.05); however, there was no significant correlation with the melanopsin-mediated PIPR. The results demonstrate an impairment of mRGC function related to CIDP. Since the PIPR reduction correlated with disease severity, it could be an easily available biomarker for CNS affection in CIDP, a condition defined as PNS disorder.
Repeat traumatic brain injury exacerbates acute thalamic hyperconnectivity in humans
Authors: Woodrow Rebecca E , Menon David K , Stamatakis Emmanuel A ,   CENTER-TBI MRI Sub-study Participants and Investigators, Amrein Krisztina , Andelic Nada , Andreassen Lasse , Anke Audny , Azouvi Philippe , Bellander BoMichael , Benali Habib , Buki Andras , Caccioppola Alessio , Calappi Emiliana , Carbonara Marco , Citerio Giuseppe , Clusmann Hans , Coburn Mark , Coles Jonathan , Correia Marta , Czeiter Endre , De Keyser Véronique , Degos Vincent , Depreitere Bart , Eikenes Live , Ezer Erzsébet , Foks Kelly , Frisvold Shirin , Galanaud Damien , Ghuysen Alexandre , Glocker Ben , Haberg Asta , Haitsma Iain , Helseth Eirik , Hutchinson Peter J , Kornaropoulos Evgenios , Kovács Noémi , Kowark Ana , Laureys Steven , Ledoux Didier , Lingsma Hester , Maas Andrew I R , Manley Geoffrey , Menon David K , Menovsky Tomas , Misset Benoit , Muraleedharan Visakh , Nakken Ingeborg , Newcombe Virginia , Nordhøy Wibeke , Nyirádi József , Ortolano Fabrizio , Parizel Paul M , Perlbarg Vincent , Persona Paolo , Peul Wilco , Posti Jussi P , Puybasset Louis , Richter Sophie , Roe Cecilie , Roise Olav , Rossaint Rolf , Ross Sandra , Rueckert Daniel , Singh Ranjit D , Skandsen Toril , Sorinola Abayomi , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Steyerberg Ewout W , Stocchetti Nino , Takala Riikka , Tamás Viktória , Tenovuo Olli , Thibaut Aurore , Vámos Zoltán , Van der Steen Gregory , van Erp Inge A , Van Hecke Wim , Vande Vyvere Thijs , Verheyden Jan , Vik Anne , Volovici Victor , Westlye Lars T , Whitehouse Daniel , Williams Guy , Winzeck Stefan , Ylén Peter , Zoerle Tommaso 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury is of growing interest regarding public and sporting safety and is thought to have greater adverse or cumulative neurological effects when compared with single injury. While epidemiological links between repeated traumatic brain injury and outcome have been investigated in humans, exploration of its mechanistic substrates has been largely undertaken in animal models. We compared acute neurological effects of repeat mild traumatic brain injury (n = 21) to that of single injury (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 76) using resting-state functional MRI and quantified thalamic functional connectivity, given previous identification of its prognostic potential in human mild traumatic brain injury and rodent repeat mild traumatic brain injury. Acute thalamocortical functional connectivity showed a rank-based trend of increasing connectivity with number of injuries, at local and global scales of investigation. Thus, history of as few as two previous injuries can induce a vulnerable neural environment of exacerbated hyperconnectivity, in otherwise healthy individuals from non-specialist populations. These results further establish thalamocortical functional connectivity as a scalable marker of acute injury and long-term neural dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury.
Navigating the Med-Peds Maze: Considerations for the Combined Adult and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Fellowship Application Process
Authors: McCluskey James M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Navigating the combined adult and pediatric infectious disease (ID) fellowship application, interview, and matching process requires careful consideration from applicants and programs alike. Currently, it is functional but not streamlined, and as the ID community is facing recruitment and workforce challenges, it is important to be transparent about this process for applicants while emphasizing areas of potential improvement for fellowship programs. As it stands, this process requires foresight from the applicant and coordination between the adult and pediatric fellowship programs. This perspective article provides an anecdote and discusses issues and suggestions for troubleshooting, including, but not limited to: strategic approach to applications, interviews, and ranking; mentorship; geographic preference; and program saturation.
Risk Factors and Outcome Associated With Fungal Infections in Patients With Severe Burn Injury: 10-year Retrospective IFI-BURN Study
Authors: Dudoignon Emmanuel , Chevret Sylvie , Tsague Sorel , Hamane Samia , Chaouat Marc , Plaud Benoit , Vicault Eric , Mebazaa Alexandre , Legrand Matthieu , Alanio Alexandre , Denis Blandine , Dépret Francois , Dellière Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In burn patients, skin barrier disruption and immune dysfunctions increase susceptibility to invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) like invasive candidiasis (IC) and invasive mold infections (IMI). We provide an in-depth analysis of IFD-related factors and outcomes in a 10-year cohort of severe burn patients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study includes adult patients admitted to the burn intensive care unit (BICU) between April 2014 and May 2023 with total burn surface area (TBSA) ≥15%. Patients were classified as proven IFD according to EORTC/MSGERC criteria applicable for IC. Putative IMIs were defined with: ≥2 positive cultures from a skin biopsy/bronchoalveolar lavage or ≥2 positive blood specific-quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs) or a combination of both.

Results
Among 1381 patients admitted, 276 consecutive patients with TBSA ≥15% were included. Eighty-seven (31.5%; IC n = 30; IMI n = 43; both n = 14) patients fulfilled the criteria for probable/putative IFD. At Day 30 after the burn injury, the estimated cumulative incidence proven/putative (pr/pu) IFD was 26.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.4%–31.8%). Factors independently associated with IFDs were TBSA, severity scores and indoor burn injury (ie, from confined space fire). Overall mortality was 15.3% and 36.8% in the no IFD, pr/pu IFD groups respectively (P &lt; .0001). IFD was independently associated with a risk of death (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.94 for pr/pu IFD; 95% CI, 1.12–3.36; P = .019).

Conclusions
This study describes twenty-first-century characteristics of IFDs in severe burn patients confirming known risk factors with thresholds and identifying the indoor injury as an independent factor associated to IFDs. This suggests a link to contamination caused by fire damage, which is highly susceptible to aerosolizing spores.
Explainable artificial intelligence in deep learning–based detection of aortic elongation on chest X-ray images
Authors: Ribeiro Estela , Cardenas Diego A C , Dias Felipe M , Krieger Jose E , Gutierrez Marco A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Aortic elongation can result from age-related changes, congenital factors, aneurysms, or conditions affecting blood vessel elasticity. It is associated with cardiovascular diseases and severe complications like aortic aneurysms and dissection. We assess qualitatively and quantitatively explainable methods to understand the decisions of a deep learning model for detecting aortic elongation using chest X-ray (CXR) images.

Methods and results
In this study, we evaluated the performance of deep learning models (DenseNet and EfficientNet) for detecting aortic elongation using transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques with CXR images as input. EfficientNet achieved higher accuracy (86.7% ± 2.1), precision (82.7% ± 2.7), specificity (89.4% ± 1.7), F1 score (82.5% ± 2.9), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (92.7% ± 0.6) but lower sensitivity (82.3% ± 3.2) compared with DenseNet. To gain insights into the decision-making process of these models, we employed gradient-weighted class activation mapping and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations explainability methods, which enabled us to identify the expected location of aortic elongation in CXR images. Additionally, we used the pixel-flipping method to quantitatively assess the model interpretations, providing valuable insights into model behaviour.

Conclusion
Our study presents a comprehensive strategy for analysing CXR images by integrating aortic elongation detection models with explainable artificial intelligence techniques. By enhancing the interpretability and understanding of the models’ decisions, this approach holds promise for aiding clinicians in timely and accurate diagnosis, potentially improving patient outcomes in clinical practice.
Left atrial deformation analysis in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ródenas-Alesina Eduard , Lozano-Torres Jordi , Tobías-Castillo Pablo Eduardo , Badia-Molins Clara , Vila-Olives Rosa , Calvo-Barceló Maria , Casas Guillem , Soriano-Colomé Toni , San Emeterio Aleix Olivella , Fernández-Galera Rubén , Méndez-Fernández Ana B , Barrabés José A , Ferreira-González Ignacio , Rodríguez-Palomares José 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common comorbidity in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) affecting conventional measures of left atrial (LA) function. We aimed to determine whether LA function analysis could identify patients at higher risk of major cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Methods and results
A retrospective study of patients with NIDCM in AF referred to a single centre for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) between 2015 and 2019. Peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) was measured along with LA emptying fraction and LA filling index (LAFI = E wave/PALS). Cox regression analysis was conducted. A total of 153 patients were included [median age 74 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 35%], and 57 (37.3%) had MACE after a median follow-up of 3.2 years. LAFI was the only independent TTE parameter associated with MACE after adjustment for age, diabetes, LVEF, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), and LA volume index [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02 per point increase, P = 0.024], with the best cut-off at ≥15. LAFI ≥15 predicted each of MACE components when separately analysed: MACE HR = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–3.30; cardiovascular death HR = 3.68, 95% CI 1.41–9.56, heart failure admission HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.19–3.80, and ventricular arrhythmia HR = 4.72, 95% CI 1.52–14.67. Higher LAFI was associated with worsening LV-GLS, E/e′, systolic pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and right ventricular to PA coupling.

Conclusion
LA deformation analysis is feasible in patients with NIDCM presenting with AF. LAFI may identify patients at higher risk of MACE and correlates with higher pulmonary pressures and worse right ventricular function, suggesting an elevation of left-sided ventricular pressures in patients with higher LAFI.
Testosterone therapy in older men: clinical implications of recent landmark trials
Authors: Grossmann Mathis , Anawalt Bradley D , Yeap Bu B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Testosterone therapy for men with hypogonadism due to identifiable hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) pathology is uncontroversial. However, the risks and benefits of testosterone for men with clinical features of hypogonadism in the absence of identifiable HPT axis pathology have been uncertain. Recent landmark placebo-controlled trials assessed the benefits and risks of testosterone therapy (≤3 years) for middle-aged and older men with symptoms and possible signs of hypogonadism or end-organ androgen deficiency, low or low-normal serum testosterone concentrations, but no HPT pathology: Testosterone therapy (1) had modest—but clinically significant—benefits on average self-reported energy and mood, sexual function, and satisfaction; (2) in conjunction with a lifestyle programme, reversed or reduced incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in men at high risk of or newly diagnosed with T2D; (3) modestly improved objectively assessed muscle strength and timed walking distance; (4) increased bone density and strength, but did not reduce falls or typical osteoporotic fractures and surprisingly increased the risk of fractures typically attributable to trauma; and (5) did not significantly increase the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or prostate cancer. These landmark trials help to inform clinical decision-making about testosterone therapy for men.