bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overused and Unpredictable: A Study of Unfractionated Heparin Treatment Including Appropriateness, Safety, and Bolus Dosing
Authors: Hahn Logan , Beresh Christopher , Goubran Hadi A , Semchuk William , Nicholson Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple recent guidelines advocate a preference for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) over unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusions to reduce the risk of major bleeding (MB), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and improve cost-effectiveness (1–6). This study analyzed UFH use at a tertiary centre in Canada to identify cases in which UFH could have been avoided, identify characteristics associated with bleeding, and examine the efficacy and safety of infusions where the initial bolus was administered or withheld.
Methods
We identified adults who received between 48 to 96 hours of a UFH infusion in a single tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. Consecutive patients were reviewed for bleeding events, patient factors known to influence bleeding, and whether patients had a contraindication to LMWH or another anticoagulant. Patients were deemed to have “appropriate” use of UFH in preference to more desirable anticoagulants if they had recent or ongoing bleeding, required an imminent procedure or surgery, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 30mL/min, or could foreseeably require thrombolysis.
Results
Of 127 patients, 16 (13%) were identified to have bleeding complications, including 14 episodes of MB. Bleeding episodes were significantly associated with any measured aPTT greater than 150 seconds (s) during treatment (p = 0.0285). Omission of initial bolus dosing was not associated with reduced bleeding events or the incidence of any aPTT measurement greater than 150s. Omission of initial bolus dosing was associated with subtherapeutic aPTT measurement at 6 hours (46%) and 12 hours (25%) post-UFH administration. We identified high rates (42%) of UFH selection where an alternative anticoagulant could have been used.
Conclusion
Use of intravenous UFH is associated with a high risk of MB, and bleeding complications are associated with markedly elevated aPTT (> 150s). An elevated risk of bleeding does not appear to be mitigated by omitting the initial bolus. Delivery of an initial UFH bolus decreases time to therapeutic anticoagulation.
Multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri outbreak associated with a high-mortality spillover event into nonhuman primates
Authors: Domman Daryl , Davis Sarah Shrum , Salazar-Hamm Paris , Edge Karen , Hanosh Tim , Houston Jessica , Griego-Fisher Anastacia , Lugo Francelli , Wenzel Nicholas , Malone D’Eldra , Bradford Carol , Plymesser Kelly , Baker Michael , Schwalm Kurt , Lathrop Sarah , Smelser Chad , Dinwiddie Darrell 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Shigellosis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by species of Shigella. A large outbreak of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a occurred in Albuquerque, New Mexico (NM) between May 2021 and November 2023 that involved humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) from a local zoo. We analyzed the genomes of 202 New Mexico isolates as well as 15 closely related isolates from other states, and four from NHP. The outbreak was initially detected within men who have sex with men (MSM) but then predominantly affected people experiencing homelessness (PEH). Nearly 70% of cases were hospitalized and there was one human death. The outbreak extended into Albuquerque's BioPark Zoo, causing high morbidity and six deaths in NHPs. The NHP isolates were identical to those in the human outbreak. All isolates were multidrug-resistant, including towards fluoroquinolones, a first line treatment option which led to treatment failures in human and NHP populations. We demonstrate the transmission of this S. flexneri strain between humans and NHPs, causing fatalities in both populations. This study demonstrates the threat of antimicrobial resistant organisms to vulnerable human and primate populations and emphasizes the value of vigilant genomic surveillance within a One Health framework.
What comes together wires together – Gender Differences in Sexual Function and Satisfaction depending on when People believe Sexual Intercourse ends and Orgasm Latency in a Chilean Sample
Authors: Quintana Gonzalo R. , Santibáñez-Palma Francisco , Escudero-Pastén Javier , Consortium CSSS Research , Barrientos Jaime 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Sexual intercourse (SI) is a prevalent sexual behavior with significant implications for sexual health, function, and satisfaction. While extensive research has focused on the duration of SI, particularly intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), the nuances of when SI ends remain underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate how different interpretations of SI ending cues (SEC) and orgasm latency (OL) time influence sexual function (SF) and sexual satisfaction (SS) among Chilean adults. A cross-sectional design was employed with sexually active men (n= 650;Mage= 33.7,SD= 12.0) and women (n= 1905;Mage= 32.1,SD= 10.0). SF was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for men and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for women. Participants indicated their preferred SEC from four options: “it's uncertain”, “when my partner reaches an orgasm”, “when I reach an orgasm”, or “when both reach an orgasm, even if at different times”. Results indicated a typical OL of 10–20 minutes, with a preference for mutual orgasm as the SEC. Gender differences emerged, with women more likely to focus on their partner's orgasm and men on their own. Variations in SF and SS were more pronounced among women, particularly in dimensions of desire, arousal, and satisfaction. OL also influenced women's orgasm function and men's erectile and orgasm functions. This study provides insights into the gender-specific impacts of SEC and OL on SF and SS, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in sexual health research and interventions.
Board characteristic and Indonesian Islamic bank’s credit risk
Authors: Putri Fitri Anisa Nusa , Haryono Slamet , Hassanee Narong 
Published: July 2024

Purpose - This study aims to analyze factors that influencing credit risk in Indonesian Islamic banks based on the board characteristic.Method - This study is a quantitative method using secondary data from nine Indonesian Islamic banks during 2018 to 2022. The sample of this study was taken by purposive sampling method and the data were analyzed using panel data regression analysis, including the classical assumption, F-test and T-Test.Result - This study povides evidence that sharia supervisor board size and women on board of directors are negative and significantly related to credit risk. However, the education level of board of directors and indepedent commissioners does not influence Indonesian Islamic Bank’s credit risk.Implication - These findings have implications for regulators and policy study to streghthen the internal governance mechanism to protect the Indonesian Islamic banks from financial failures and increseas the trust of stakeholder thorugh the effectiveness of implementation good corporate governance.Originality - This study represents a novel contribution to the literature on the determinants of Indonesian Islamic Bank’s credits risk as it conceptualized the relationship between board characteristic and the credit risk. This study represents the few that adopt comprehensive modeling approach by proposing the role of board of directors’ gender diversity and education level and Islamic governance context represented by sharia supervisory board.
Content Analysis of Patriotic Telegram Channel Readovka: Statistics and Research Prospects
Authors: Kadynceva Polina , Chardymskiy Maksim 
Published: July 2024

Patriotic Telegram channels have been gaining popularity and social influence since February 2022, which makes them a relevant research material. The authors applied the method of statistical analysis to patriotic Telegram channels using the example of Readovka with its 2.3 million subscribers. The channel publishes news related to cultural, social, and political life in the Russian Federation. Readovka’s approach to news presentation differs from other patriotic channels. The authors used TGStat to analyze the popularity and specifics of the content. The program provided a quick and accurate method of content analysis. The material involved statistical results for eight general parameters, the publication coverage for December 1, 2023 (three parameters), and subscribers’ engagement on that day (three parameters). The method proved suitable for a comprehensive analysis of Telegram channels. The prospects include identification and analysis of patriotic discourses and influencers, as well as the effect of patriotic Telegram channels on political activity and mobilization. Other options involve deeper research into the means of communication and manipulation, content moderation, disinformation, cross-cultural comparison, etc.
Predictors of Mortality Following Mitral Valve Replacement: A SystematicReview
Authors: Abuawad Husam , AlShatnawi Mohammad , Shawashreh Rzan , Attarakih Maya , AlHarbi Mahmoud , AlShebli Eman , Twaissi Husam , Sunoqrot Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Valvular heart diseases are some of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The mitral valve is estimated to
be the cause of 15% of deaths in heart valve disease. Mitral valve dysfunction can be treated with a variety of operative options, one of whichis
mitral valve replacement. Although it is less desirable than repair, in some situations, it is the only viable option. Thus, we conducted this
systematic review to help guide future risk assessment for mitral valve replacement patients and help in the construction of pre-operative risk
assessment tools.

Methods:
This is a systematic review of original articles discussing the topic of predictors of mortality for patients undergoing mitral valve replacement
surgery. A systematic search was conducted via independent researchers across a number of databases, starting with PubMed databases utilizing its
MeSH database, followed by a complementary search through Google Scholar.

Results:
In total, 27 original articles were included in a collective cohort of 145005 patients. Older age was the most commonly cited variable as a mortality
predictor, followed by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. EuroSCORE is a well-known scoring system that predicts in-hospital mortality
following major cardiac surgeries. It was found that it overestimated mortality greatly, while another study found that the revised EuroSCORE II
system was a better predictor of mortality. Overall, we note that both versions usually overestimate mortality.

Conclusion:
There seems to be an overall agreement over several factors, including older age, decreased ejection fraction, and the expertise of the surgeon and
the institution on being clear predictors of postoperative mortality. There is also an obvious need for new tools to better predict mortality rates
preoperatively, as the currently used scores often result in greatly inaccurate predictions
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recombinant L-asparaginase: PEGylation with Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycol, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, In vitro and In vivo Serum half-life and Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Alshamy Rawan , El-Nikhely Nefertiti , Nematalla Hisham , Elkewedi Mohamed , Mahran Eman Abdallah , Saeed Hesham 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Microbial L-asparaginase (L-ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1) is a pivotal biopharmaceutical
drug-protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the non-essential amino acid L-asparagine
(L-Asn) into L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) and ammonia , resulting in deplenishing the cellular L-Asn
pool, which leads to the ultimate death of the L-asparagine synthetase (L-ASNS) deficient cancerous
cells.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the impact of conjugating low molecular weight polyethylene
glycol to recombinant P. aeruginosa L-ASNase by examining the pharmacokinetic properties,
affinity towards the substrate, and enzyme stability prior to and following the reaction.

Methods:
The recombinant P. aeruginosa L-ASNase was affinity purified and then PEGylated
by attaching polyethylene glycol (MW= 330 Da) site-specifically to the protein's N-terminus
end. After which, the PEGylated L-ASNase was examined by SDS-PAGE (15%), FTIR, and
UV/Vis spectrophotometry and subsequently biochemically characterized.

Results:
The Km and Vmax values of free P. aeruginosa rL-ASNase were determined to be 0.318
±1.76 mM and 2915 μmol min-1and following the PEGylation, they were found to be 0.396 ±1.736
mM and 3193 μmol min-1, respectively. Polyethylene glycol (330 Da) has markedly enhanced LASNase
thermostability at 37, 45, 50, and 55°C, as opposed to the free enzyme, which retained
19.5% after 1 h of incubation at 37°C. The PEGylated L-ASNase was found to be stable upon incubation
with human serum for 28 h, in contrast to the sharp decline in the residual bioactivity of
the free rL-ASNase after 4 h incubation. Accordingly, an in vivo study was used for validation, and
it demonstrated that PEGylated rL-ASNase exhibited longer bioactivity for 24 h, while the free
form's activity vanished entirely from the rats' blood sera after 8 h. Molecular dynamics simulation
indicated that PEG (330 Da) has affected the hydrodynamic volume of L-ASNase and increased its
structural stability. Docking analysis has explored the position of PEG with respect to binding sites
and predicted a similar binding affinity to that of the free enzyme.

Conclusion:
For the first time, recombinant L-ASNase was modified by covalently attaching
PEG (330 Da). The resultant novel proposed PEGylated rL-ASNase with remarkably increased
stability and prolonged in vivo half-life duration, could be considered an alternative to mitigate
the high molecular weight of PEGylation's drawbacks.
Effects of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Early Neurologic Deterioration in Patients with Acute Non-Cardioembolism without Hemorrhagic Transformation After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Lei Junjie , Fan Qian , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Wenbin , Peng Yanfang , Cai Yiming , Liu Xudong , Liu Chenhao , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2024

Background:
END (Early Neurologic Deterioration) significantly elevates the risk of
morbidity and mortality. While numerous studies have investigated END following hemorrhagic
transformation post-thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction research on END without hemorrhagic
transformations in patients with acute cerebral infarction due to non-cardiogenic embolism remains
scarce.

Aim:
This study aimed to elucidate the impact of PCSK9 inhibitors on early neurological deterioration
(END) in patients with acute non-cardioembolism cerebral infarction without hemorrhagic
transformation post-intravenous thrombolysis. Additionally it aimed to identify risk factors associated
with END in patients suffering from this type of stroke.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on early
neurologic deterioration (END) in patients with acute non-cardiogenic cerebral infarction without
hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis and identify associated risk factors for
END in this patient population.

Methods:
In this retrospective case-control study the data of consecutive patients who underwent
intravenous thrombolysis after AIS (acute ischemic stroke) without hemorrhagic transformation
during hospitalization at the Stroke Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
between January 2018 to February 2023 were retrieved and assessed. An increase of >2 in the
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within 7 days after admission was defined as
END.

Results:
This study included 250 patients (56 males 22.4%) they were 63.34±12.901 years old.
There were 41 patients in the END group and 209 in the non-END group. The usage rate of PCSK9
inhibitors was significantly different between the END group and non-END group (29.268%
vs 58.852% P<0.001). The White blood cell count (WBC) and homocysteine levels showed a significant
difference between the two groups (all P<0.05). Patients not using PCSK9 inhibitors
(OR=0.282 95%CI: 0.127-0.593) and white blood cell count (OR=1.197, 95%CI: 1.085-1.325)
were independently associated with END. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis
suggested that the sensitivity specificity and area under the curve for PCSK9 inhibitors used for
END were 88.9%, 80.7% and 0.648 respectively.

Conclusion:
The use of PCSK9 inhibitors can reduce the incidence of early neurological deterioration
in patients with acute non-cardioembolism and non-hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous
thrombolysis.
Household Production of Cookies from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with a Low Glycaemic Index in Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Camara Fatoumata , Coulibaly Wahauwouele Hermann , Sakia Mian Tano Marie-Ange , Ahoussi Koua Jean-Brice , Coulibaly Salimata , Varadarajan Vijayakumar , Diguta Camelia , Matei Florentina 
Published: July 2024

Background:
In Côte d’Ivoire, sorghum was most commonly used to produce beer.
However, the population must focus on other sorghum uses. Sorghum possesses numerous
health and nutritional benefits that must be explored, such as its involvement in diabetes management
and prevention. Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is rising. Understanding the glycemic
index (GI) is crucial for managing and preventing it. The GI gauges how quickly or
slowly blood glucose rises in response to a meal.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the glycemic index (GI) of sorghum household
cookies.

Methods:
The macro- and micronutrients and phytochemical compounds content of sorghum cookies
have been determined. Microbiological analysis of sorghum cookies during storage at room
temperature has been carried out by spoilage germ and pathogenic germ enumeration. The glycaemic
index (GI) of sorghum cookies has been investigated by the blood sugar response method.

Results:
In this study, the results showed that the sorghum-based biscuit has an energy value of
515.655 ± 0.5 Kcal/GMS due to its carbohydrate content of 54.95 ± 0.028%, fat content of
30.05 ± 0.05%, and protein content of 6.34 ± 0.0141%. It also contains minerals such as sodium
(3.21 ± 0.014 mg), phosphorus (14 ± 0.41 g), and calcium (122 ± 5.65 mg). The phenolic compound
content was: total phenols 2756.72 ± 294.5 μg EAG/gMS, flavonoids 497.29 ± 13.016
μg EQ/gMS, and condensed tannins 651.59 ± 199.429 μg EC/gMS. The glycaemic index of
household cookies made from sorghum was investigated. The results revealed that sorghum
cookies exhibited a low glycaemic index of 40.82%, which is less than 55% in accordance with
the norm. Also, microbiological analysis showed the total absence of spoilage germs and pathogenic
germs during 30 days of storage at room temperature.

Conclusion:
Sorghum cookies present a low glycaemic index and can be used in diabetes management
and prevention. They are stored at room temperature for 30 days under hygienic conditions.
miR-584-5p is a New Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Donghong , Huang Guanbin , Li Haiwen , Huang Jing , Luo Haiqing , Chen Hualin 
Published: July 2024

Background:
MicroRNA-584-5p (miR-584-5p) plays an important role in certain
types of cancer. However, its precise role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC)
remains unknown.

Objective:
Our aim was to investigate how miR-584-5p influences HNSC.

Methods:
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provided samples for the study. We use statistical
methods to evaluate the diagnostic value, the prognostic value, and the correlation with the clinical
features of miR-584-5p. We analyze the target genes and the regulatory network of miR-
584-5p. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed the expression of miR-
584-5p in HNSC cell lines.

Results:
MiR-584-5p expression of miR-584-5p varied significantly among different types of
cancer. A notable correlation was observed between elevated miR-584-5p expression and gender
(p < 0.001) and histological grade (p < 0.001). Furthermore, high levels of miR-584-5p were
found to be associated with a decrease in overall survival (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.10-1.88; p =
0.007), progression-free survival (HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02-1.79; p = 0.035) and disease-specific
survival (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09-2.18; p = 0.016) in the context of HNSC. miR-584-5p demonstrated
independent prognostic significance in HNSC and potentially contributes to disease progression
through multiple pathways, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
In particular, HNSC cell lines exhibited a substantial upregulation of miR-584-5p
compared to normal epithelial cells.

Conclusions:
It is possible that miR-584-5p could serve as a promising patent for a therapeutic
target and prognostic biomarker for people with HNSC.
Characterization of Carbamide Peroxide: Stability Studies, and Degradation Kinetics under Isothermal Conditions for Industrial Application
Authors: Pessoa Fabiana Vieira Lima Solino , Pereira Rafael Nicolay , Mendes Cassiana , Silva Marcos Antonio Segatto 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Carbamide peroxide (CP) is a hydrogen peroxide derivative bonded with
urea. It is a solid substitute for liquid hydrogen peroxide in the chemical, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical
industries, mainly as a disinfectant and bleaching application. However, it has an unstable
nature, and there are scant studies on CP thermal analysis.

Objective:
This study focuses on CP thermal analysis and degradation behavior.

Methods:
CP was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis,
Fourier-transformed infrared, diffraction by X-ray, as well as, thermal and photodegradation was
determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

Results:
CP was characterized with a sharp endothermic event (88.50 oC; ΔH= -643.20 J.g-1), and
a thermal decomposition behavior in a four-steps process. The pattern diffraction presented sharp
peaks at 2θ: 15.2, 25.1 and 26.0o. The Arrhenius plot obtained by isothermal thermogravimetric
analysis showed a linear relation with temperature in two steps. The first step the activation energy
values was Ea = 45.73 J.mol-1.K-1. The thermal degradation recovery was 3.29% after 5 days,
and 11.31% against 97.4% under the dark control to photostability.

Conclusion:
The study contributed to characterizing the CP and the results suggest that degradation
depends on the surface transition state and the ternary formed system (CP-urea-water) and
that the temperature influenced this system. The data were obtained through quick and easy techniques,
which use wispy raw material and presented a significant result that can be used by the entire
industry in the development of new formulations.