bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Switching From Sevelamer Hydrochloride to Bixalomer on Laboratory Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Furukawa Kazunori , Ikawa Tomoyoshi , Yokoi Sayuri , Yokouchi Shuhei , Kato Kieko , Ueno Miki , Takahashi Junichiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn Japan, the clinical use of bixalomer, a new polymer preparation like sevelamer hydrochloride, became possible from 2012. In our study, in order to investigate the clinical characteristics of this new phosphorus (P) binder, bixalomer in a clinical practice, for 18 cases of hemodialysis patients at our hospital being treated with sevelamer hydrochloride, we switched the P binder to bixalomer, and compared the laboratory parameters before and after switching. Subjects used for analysis were nine cases in which it was possible to use bixalomer continuously for 10 months. The laboratory parameters measured were the concentrations of serum P, corrected calcium (Ca), whole parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as indicators of mineral and bone disorder, and serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and triglyceride (TG) as indicators of lipid metabolism. Regarding the results after switching to bixalomer and starting treatment using the same dosage as the dosage previously used for sevelamer hydrochloride, there were many cases that showed increasing P concentrations that required increasing the dosage of bixalomer, the dosage after switching was increased significantly (P = 0.002). In the comparison of laboratory parameters before and after switching, the concentrations of serum P and albumin decreased significantly (P = 0.035 and 0.033). From these results, it was considered that the decreases in serum P concentrations were due not only to the effects of bixalomer, but that suppression of food intake by patients was another reason. There were no significant changes in corrected Ca, whole PTH or ALP. In addition, after changing the P binder, serum HDL‐C concentration decreased significantly (P = 0.015) and LDL‐C increased significantly (P < 0.001), and serum TG concentration showed no significant changes. This indicated that the beneficial effects of bixalomer on lipid metabolism may be less than those of sevelamer hydrochloride.
Clinical Effects of the New Phosphorus Binder, Bixalomer in Hemodialysis Patients Switched From Sevelamer Hydrochloride
Authors: Gen Shikou , Sasaki Takaya , Saito Kanako , Nobe Kanako , Nodaira Yuka , Ikeda Naofumi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt has been reported that sevelamer hydrochloride, which is often used as a polymer phosphorus (P) binder for managing serum P concentration in dialysis patients, causes gastrointestinal adverse effects such as constipation, etc. The reason for this is thought to be that sevelamer hydrochloride has high water absorption, causing it to absorb water and swell in the gastrointestinal tract. In June 2012, the new polymer P binder bixalomer was launched in Japan. Since bixalomer has low swelling due to water absorption, it can be expected to alleviate adverse effects in the gastrointestinal system. In our study, for 21 cases of maintenance hemodialysis patients undergoing treatment with sevelamer hydrochloride at our hospital, the P binder was switched from sevelamer hydrochloride to the same dosage of bixalomer, and the concentrations of serum P, corrected calcium (Ca) and whole parathyroid hormone (PTH) before and one month after the switch were compared. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms (acid reflux, abdominal pain, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation) were evaluated before and after the switch using a questionnaire based on the Japanese version of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). By switching to bixalomer, serum P concentration was significantly reduced (P = 0.024), but there were no significant changes observed for serum corrected Ca and whole PTH. Furthermore, there were no significant changes observed for all five of the evaluation items of the GSRS, before and after the switch. These results suggest that although bixalomer can more potently reduce the serum P concentration than sevelamer hydrochloride, there were no significant differences in the effects of both P binders on the gastrointestinal symptoms.
Patient asthma networks: understanding who is important and why
Authors: Cheong Lynn H. , Armour Carol L. , Bosnic‐Anticevich Sinthia Z. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundMultidisciplinary care (MDC) has been proposed as an essential component to the delivery of effective and efficient health care. However, patients have shown to establish their own sources of health advice and support outside the professional domain. It remained unclear as to how patients' choices may impact on MDC.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of patients in MDC, specifically (i) how and why patients select sources of health services, information and support, that is, their health connections and (ii) the key elements contributing to the nature and development of patients' health connections.MethodsIn‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with asthma participants from Sydney, Australia. Participants were recruited from a broad range of primary health‐care access points. Face‐to‐face and telephone interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, independently reviewed by two authors and analysed using a qualitative approach.ResultsA total of 47 interviews were conducted. Participants established health connections around their asthma needs and selected a combination of professional, personal and impersonal health connections for advice and support. Several key elements were reported to contribute towards the nature and development of patients' health networks. These included participants' perceptions of the role of HCPs, their level of trust in relationships, the convenience of accessing health advice and their perceptions of asthma.ConclusionBy exploring patients' sources of health advice and support, this research provided new insight into how patients choose to manage asthma, particularly the way in which they selected health connections and their potential impact on MDC.
Sex and age‐related differences in perceived, desired and measured percentage body fat among adults
Authors: Campisi J. , Finn K. E. , Bravo Y. , Arnold J. , Benjamin M. , Sukiennik M. , Shakya S. , Fontaine D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundBody image distortion/discrepancy leads to psychological stress, disordered eating and mental and physical disease. To begin to assess body image distortion/discrepancy, we compared perceived, desired and measured percentage body fat in male versus female and college‐aged versus non‐college aged individuals. In addition, we assessed the acute stress response to body composition measurement.MethodsBody fat percentage of 15 college aged (‘College Students’; CS) (mean = 19 years) and 16 non‐college aged (‘Non‐College Aged Students’; NCS) (mean = 39 years) males and females was assessed with the BodPod Body Composition Tracking System (Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, CA, USA). Participants indicated their perception of body fat and their desired body fat using a somatomorphic matrix. Salivary cortisol, heart rate and blood pressure were also measured. Data were analysed by analysis of variance and alpha was set at 0.05.ResultsMean (SD) percentage body fat of males [15.2% (6.1%] was significantly lower than that of females [28.4% (6.4%)] (P < 0.0001). Both CS and NCS females perceived their body fat to be lower (5%) than measured body fat and desired their body fat to be lower (12%) than measured (P < 0.05). CS and NCS male participants demonstrated the opposite result; both CS and NCS male populations perceived their body fat to be higher (5%) than measured body fat and desired their body fat to be higher (4%) than measured (P < 0.05). No differences between any groups were observed in heart rate, blood pressure or cortisol response to body fat measurement.ConclusionsSex‐related but not age‐related differences in perceived, desired and measured percentage body fat were observed.
A Markov model for Selmer ranks in families of twists
Authors: Klagsbrun Zev , Mazur Barry , Rubin Karl 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe study the distribution of 2-Selmer ranks in the family of quadratic twists of an elliptic curve $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}E$ over an arbitrary number field $K$. Under the assumption that ${\rm Gal}(K(E[2])/K) \ {\cong }\ S_3$, we show that the density (counted in a nonstandard way) of twists with Selmer rank $r$ exists for all positive integers $r$, and is given via an equilibrium distribution, depending only on a single parameter (the ‘disparity’), of a certain Markov process that is itself independent of $E$ and $K$. More generally, our results also apply to $p$-Selmer ranks of twists of two-dimensional self-dual ${\bf F}_p$-representations of the absolute Galois group of $K$ by characters of order $p$.
Investigation of photocatalytic degradation of phenol by Fe(III)-doped TiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Hemmati Borji Saeedeh , Nasseri Simin , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Nabizadeh Ramin , Javadi Amir Hossein 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this study Fe (III)-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method at two atomic ratio of Fe/Ti, 0.006 and 0.034 percent. Then the photoactivity of them was investigated on degradation of phenol under UV (<380 nm) irradiation and visible light (>380 nm). Results showed that at appropriate atomic ratio of Fe to Ti (% 0.034) photoactivity of Fe(III)–doped TiO2 nanoparticles increased. In addition, the effects of various operational parameters on photocatalytic degradation, such as pH, initial concentration of phenol and amount of photocatalyst were examined and optimized. At all different initial concentration, highest degradation efficiency occurred at pH = 3 and 0.5 g/L Fe(III)–doped TiO2 dosage. With increase in initial concentration of phenol, photocatalytic degradation efficiency decreased. Photoactivity of Fe (III)-doped TiO2 under UV irradiation and visible light at optimal condition (pH = 3 and catalyst dosage = and 0.5 g/L) was compared with P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. Results showed that photoactivity of Fe(III)-doped TiO2 under visible light was more than P25 TiO2 photoactivity, but it was less than P25 TiO2 photoactivity under UV irradiation. Also efficiency of UV irradiation alone and amount of phenol adsorption on Fe(III)-doped TiO2 at dark condition was investigated.
Computer Aided Design of Wires Extrusion from Biocompatible Mg-Ca Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Milenin A. , Gzyl M. , Rec T. , Plonka B. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Mathematical model of small-diameter wires extrusion from biocompatible MgCa08 (Mg - 0.8% Ca) magnesium alloy was developed in the current paper in order to determine window of allowable technological parameters. Compression and tensile tests were carried out within temperature range 250-400°C and with different strain rates to determine the fracture conditions for the studied alloy. Finite element (FE) analysis was used to predict the billet temperature evolution and material damage during processing. The extrusion model takes into account two independent fracture mechanisms: a) surface cracking due to exceeding of the incipient melting temperature and b) utilization of material formability. FE simulations with different initial billet temperatures and pressing speeds were performed in order to determine the extrusion limit diagram (ELD) for MgCa08 magnesium alloy. The developed ELD was used to select the parameters for the direct extrusion of wires with diameter of 1 mm. Then, the extrusion of twelve wires was conducted at 400°C with pressing speed 0.25 mm/s. It was reported that the obtained wires were free from defects, which confirmed the good agreement between numerical and experimental results.
Comparative Characteristics of the AlZr Alloy Materials Electrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Knych T. , Piwowarska-Uliasz M. , Uliasz P. , Wiecheć J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The subject of the present article consists in obtaining the wire production material with the controlled, during the heat treatment, level of electrical and mechanical properties. In the case of the AlZr alloys the appropriate strength properties are obtained in the technological process through the introduction of the specified value of the cold working (work-hardening). In turn,the AlZr alloy resistivity value is dependent on both the amount of the zircon additive and its placement characteristics in the aluminium structure (solid solution or emissions). The paper presents comparative resistivity and hardness tests of the AlZr alloy material with the zircon content ranging from 0.05 to 0.32% mas. Zr produced in the continuous casting technology as well as in the continuous casting and rolling technology.
Proposal of Method of Removal of Mould Material from the Fine Structure of Metallic Foams used as Filters
Authors: Kroupová I. , Bednářová V. , Elbel T. , Radkovský F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Metallic foams are materials that are subject of an ongoing research with the broad applicability in many different areas (e.g. automotive industry, building industry, medicine, etc.). These metal materials contain in their structure artificially created pores. These pores give them specific properties, such as: large rigidity at low density, high thermal conductivity, capability to absorb energy, etc. Since the discovery of porous metallic materials numerous methods of production have been developed. The aim of the paper is to introduce effective casting methods of manufacturing of metallic foams, namely cast metal filters from the aluminum alloy. Research deals with investment casting with use of pattern made of polymeric foam, which is used for production of metallic foam with open pores. The main disadvantage of this procedure consists in removing the mould material without damaging the fine structure of the cast filter. Plaster is used as the mould material and the most important result of this paper is the presentation of the effective procedure of plaster removal from the porous structure of cast filters.
Improved Interfacial Properties of PA6/DE Blends by DE-g-MAH Prepared through Ultrasound Assisted Extrusion
Authors: Bao W. , Wu H. , Xie T. , Guo S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, ultrasound was applied in extrusion reaction processing to graft an Elastomer (DE) with maleic anhydride (MAH), in order to improve the non-polarity of DE. Two types of DE-g-MAH were prepared by different methods and had similar grafting degree about 0.2 % and then they were added into the polyamide-6/elastomer (PA6/DE) blends, respectively. The effect of DE-g-MAH on the interfacial properties of PA6/DE blends was studied. The experimental results showed that, compared to the DE-g-MAH initiated by peroxide, DE-g-MAH initiated by ultrasound had better effect on refining the particle size of the dispersion phase and keeping the stability of the phase in the blends, which could be confirmed through SEM and Molau tests. When 5 % DE-g-MAH initiated by peroxide was added, the particle size of dispersion phase was 3.90 μm, however, when 5 % DE-g-MAH initiated by ultrasound was added, the particle size of dispersion phase was 2.82 μm. The results of TGA and mechanical tests showed the improved interfacial interaction and enhanced interfacial adhesion of the blend by adding DE-g-MAH, respectively.
Experimental and Computational Investigations of Creep Responses of Wood/PVC Composite Members
Authors: Pulngern T. , Kaewkalya P. , Rosarpitak V. , Sombatsompop N. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article reported on finite element simulation to predict the creep responses of wood/poly (vinyl chloride) (WPVC) composite members before and after strengthening by using high carbon steel (HCS) flat bar strips bonded to the tension side of composite members. The short-term properties and creep characteristics, in accordance with power law models of WPVC composites and HCS flat bar materials, were determined individually by extensive experimental investigations. The experimental results indicated that strengthening of WPVC composites with HCS flat bar strips could increase the flexural and creep performances of the WPVC composite members both in flat-wise and edge-wise directions. The improvement in the edge-wise direction was relatively greater than that in the flat-wise direction, representing the loading direction dependence for this composite member. Abaqus finite element analysis (FEA) software was applied to predict the creep responses of WPVC composite members based on the characteristics of the individual component material; these results were then verified by the experimental results. Good correlations between FEA and experimental results were found in all cases, indicating that Abaqus software with the power law creep model can be used as an alternative tool for determining the creep responses of WPVC composites.
Systemic use of corticosteroids in neurological disorders
Authors: D’haeseleer Miguel 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Corticosteroids have been used for almost 60 years in medicine and their roles in patients have always been discussed by researchers and clinicians dedicated in the related field. Now they are still used in treatment of patients with neurological disorders. Usually Corticosteroids are used to decrease inflammations. In this review, we present five key indications, i.e., bacterial meningitis, myasthenia gravis, Bell’s palsy and giant cell (temporal) arteritis for the systemic use of corticosteroids in neurology based on a mix of prevalence, quality of evidence and impact on disease management.
Alterations in the Expression of p53, KLF4, and p21 in Neuroendocrine Lung Tumors
Authors: Naranjo Gómez José Manuel , Bernal Jose Fernando Val , Arranz Pilar García , Fernández Servando Lazuén , Roman Jose Javier Gómez 
Published: June 2014

Context.—Neuroendocrine lung neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors with different clinical behavior and prognosis.
Objectives.—To evaluate the expression of p53, KLF4, and p21 in neuroendocrine lung neoplasms and to analyze the influence that expression has on the prognosis of those tumors.
Design.—All neuroendocrine lung neoplasms (N = 109) resected in our institution were reviewed, with the collection of histologic slides and paraffin blocks of 47 typical carcinoids (43%), 9 atypical carcinoids (8%), 35 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (32%), and 18 small cell lung carcinomas (17%), as well as 10 tumorlets (100%). Four tissue microarrays were performed. Follow-up was assessed in all cases (119 of 119; 100%).
Results.—p53 protein immunostaining results were negative in both the tumorlets and typical carcinoids and were overexpressed in 11% (1 of 9) of the atypical carcinoids and in 68% (36 of 53) of the carcinomas. KLF4 results were positive in all tumorlets (10 of 10; 100%), 32% (15 of 47) of the typical carcinoids, 44% (4 of 9) of the atypical carcinoids, and 62% (33 of 53) of the carcinomas. p21 expression did not differ among the groups. The lack of KLF4 and p21 expression was associated with an accumulation of aggressive features in typical carcinoids (P = .04 and P = .004, respectively, Fisher exact test).
Conclusions.—p53, KLF4, and p21 showed altered expression patterns in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms. Lack of KLF4 and p21 expression was associated with accumulation of aggressive features in typical carcinoids.
α‐Oxamination of AmidesviaElectrophilic Activation
Authors: Lemmerer Miran , Matyašovský Ján , Tinelli Roberto , Maulide Nuno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the procedure for α‐oxamination of amides via electrophilic activation. Selective oxidation reactions are valuable transformations in organic synthesis. Particularly, the α‐keto amide functionality has observed a spike in popularity in the synthetic chemistry community in recent years. Amide activation using triflic anhydride is a distinctive synthetic approach employed by multiple research groups in order to transform amides via chemoselective cycloaddition or nucleophilic addition processes. Reductive cleavage conditions lead to the corresponding α‐hydroxy amides, thus positioning the tetramethylpiperidine moiety as a “protecting group” for the hydroxy function. The authors have previously developed a chemoselective oxidation of amides to α‐keto amides and α‐hydroxy amides. The utility of such an approach is showcased by further transformations of the oxyaminated amides into synthetically useful building blocks accessible employing commonly used reagents.
Transparent, Bioelectronic, Natural Polymer AgNW Nanocomposites Inspired by Caviar
Authors: Aljarid Adel K. A. , Boland Conor S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in bioelectronic devices have stemmed from developments involving nanocomposites. Sepsis, preeclampsia, vascular dementia, and heart disease are serious conditions that will benefit from the continuous monitoring of pulse pressure (PP) and temperature (T) to improve medical insights and care. However, current clinical instruments are bulky, and lacking discreetness, while nanocomposites currently lack measurement accuracy. A thin (<1 mm) electronic skin (e‐skin) is developed utilizing nanocomposite micro‐caviar (MC), diameter (D) ≈290 µm, based on confined silver nanowire (AgNW) networks and food‐grade brown seaweed (BS). MCs are virtually invisible (transmittance >99%) and extremely electromechanically sensitive (gauge factor, G >200). In addition to a considerable temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 4.58 ± 0.95% °C−1 and excellent signal stability, skin‐interfaced devices measured cuff‐less PP and skin T with an accuracy conducive to clinical instruments.
Targeting Macrophages via Ultrasonic Contrast Microspheres for Monitoring and Treatment of Knee Synovitis
Authors: Han Wang , Guan Mengtong , Ding Xiaoqian , Liao Bo , Shen Jieliang , Li Xinhe , He Yi , Han Xiaoyu , Bai Dingqun , Zhu Ying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe malignant cycle of synovitis considerably impacts the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the precise localization of synovitis, targeted disruption of the inflammatory cycle, and real‐time monitoring of its dynamics are crucial for the effective diagnosis and management of OA. Here, porous HAMA/GelMA microspheres are synthesized using microfluidic technology. Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) nanobubbles, prepared via double emulsification, are grafted with folic acid (FA) via an amide reaction and subsequently impregnated and adsorbed onto the microspheres, thereby constructing an ultrasonic contrast microsphere system. This system facilitates not only ultrasonic imaging for accurate localization of synovitis but also the targeted and controlled delivery of IL‐10 under ultrasound conditions. In vitro, under ultrasound intensities of 0, 0.5, and 1.5 W, the system effectively releases IL‐10 at the rates of 19.95%, 30.95%, and 40.67%, respectively. In vivo, the biodegradability of the system facilitates real‐time tracking and monitoring of synovitis for at least 14 days. In summary, ultrasonic contrast microspheres enable precise localization and real‐time monitoring of synovitis. Under ultrasound conditions, these microspheres enable targeted and controlled drug delivery, effectively disrupting vicious inflammatory cycles. This strategy pioneers new pathways for the management and precise treatment of OA.