bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urethra‐sparing high‐intensity focused ultrasound for localized prostate cancer: Functional and oncological outcomes
Authors: Shoji Sunao , Nakano Mayura , Fujikawa Hiroshi , Endo Kazuyuki , Hashimoto Akio , Tomonaga Tetsuro , Terachi Toshiro , Uchida Toyoaki 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate longitudinal changes in urinary function and quality of life, and the oncological outcomes of patients treated with urethra‐sparing high‐intensity focused ultrasound for localized prostate cancer.MethodsPatients with negative findings in the urethra and the anterior urethral zone using transrectal ultrasound‐guided targeted biopsies, and magnetic resonance imaging, received urethra‐sparing or whole‐gland high‐intensity focused ultrasound as the primary therapy for localized prostate cancer without transurethral resection of the prostate. Longitudinal changes in urinary function and quality of life, and the oncological outcomes of the patients were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe median follow‐up times for urethra‐sparing and whole‐gland high‐intensity focused ultrasound were 36 and 30 months, respectively. Comparing the patients treated with urethra‐sparing high‐intensity focused ultrasound (n = 45) with those treated with whole‐gland high‐intensity focused ultrasound (n = 65), there were significant differences in the International Prostate Symptom Score (P = 0.014) at 3 months, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life (P = 0.033) at 3 months, maximum urinary flow rate (mL/s; at 3 months, P = 0.010; at 6 months, P = 0.038) and residual urine volume (mL; at 3 months, P < 0.0001; at 6 months, P = 0.016; at 12 months, P = 0.028). For quality of life, there were significant differences in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (at 3 months, P = 0.022) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Prostate (at 3 months, P = 0.028; at 6 months, P = 0.034). There were no significant differences in oncological outcomes regarding negative biopsy rates on follow up (91% vs 92%; P = 0.8) or biochemical disease‐free survival rates (86.7% vs 89.2%; P = 0.7).ConclusionsUrethra‐sparing high‐intensity focused ultrasound might prevent prolonged bladder outlet obstruction, and could be a treatment option for localized prostate cancer.
Predictors of trifecta outcomes in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for clinical T1a renal masses
Authors: Osaka Kimito , Makiyama Kazuhide , Nakaigawa Noboru , Yao Masahiro 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo assess trifecta outcomes for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for clinical T1a renal masses.MethodsA total of 63 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for clinical T1a renal masses by a single surgeon between January 2007 and December 2012 were evaluated. Demographic and perioperative data were collected and statistically analyzed. We retrospectively evaluated trifecta outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze predictors of trifecta outcomes. Trifecta outcomes were defined as the combination of total ischemia time <25 min, negative surgical margins and no surgical complications.ResultsOf the 63 patients, 39 (62%) achieved trifecta. A total of 21 patients had total ischemia time ≥25 min, four patients had positive surgical margins and two patients had surgical complications. Tumor size (P < 0.001), distance from the urine collecting system or sinus (P < 0.001) and surgeon's learning curve (P < 0.01) were significantly different between the trifecta and no‐trifecta group. Multivariate analysis showed tumor size and surgeon's learning curve to be independent predictors of trifecta outcomes.ConclusionsTumor size and surgeon's learning curve seems to be strong predictors of trifecta outcomes after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in T1a renal masses.
Patient Satisfaction in a One‐Stop Haematuria clinic and Urology Outpatients: A Comparison of Clinics
Authors: King Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTOne‐stop clinics have shown to improve the patient experience in early diagnosis of potentially life threatening conditions, although this service is less evident in Urology, where morbidity and mortality resulting from bladder cancers are increasing. This study will discuss whether or not one‐stop haematuria clinics improve patient satisfaction. A survey analysis comparing patient satisfaction for a one‐stop haematuria clinic and a traditional outpatient service was developed, based around the ‘Determinants and Components’ theory. A convenience sample of 102 haematuria patients attending either the one‐stop clinic (Route A) or an outpatient clinic within the Urology service (Route B), at an assigned National Health Service hospital, were invited to complete a ‘patient satisfaction’ questionnaire. Data were compared between clinic routes according to the patient satisfaction themes of: Time and Availability, Quality of Care, Environment, Accessibility and Convenience and Global Satisfaction. Response rate was 51%; with overall positive patient satisfaction levels for both clinics. Route A patients were most satisfied with Quality of Care; however, reported problems relating to prior information provision and appointment co‐ordination. For Route B, Availability and Time was a primary source of both satisfaction and dissatisfaction, receiving contradictory qualitative and quantitative responses respectively. Both groups rated Environment and Accessibility and Convenience highly overall, yet these were not a primary determinant of satisfaction. The majority of haematuria patients (82%), expressed a preference to attend a one‐stop clinic over several outpatient appointments. Practical recommendations for related service improvements are offered.
Outcomes of simultaneous heart–kidney and lung–kidney transplantations: the Australian and New Zealand experience
Authors: Ruderman I. , Sevastos J. , Anthony C. , Ruygrok P. , Chan W. , Javorsky G. , Bergin P. , Snell G. , Menahem S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundHeart or lung transplantation alone in individuals with significant pre‐existing renal impairment results in high mortality and morbidity. Simultaneous heart–kidney (SHK) or simultaneous lung–kidney (SLK) transplantation may be considered in patients with dual organ failure not suitable for single organ transplantation.AimWe aimed to outline the Australian and New Zealand experience of SHK and SLK transplantations, focussing on patient characteristics and survival.MethodsWe analysed all SHK and SLK transplants performed in four centres across Australia and New Zealand between 1990 and 2014.ResultsOver the study period, 35 SHK and 3 SLK transplants were performed across 4 transplant centres. Mean age at transplantation for SHK transplants was 45 years, and for SLK transplant was 27 years. The most common aetiology of renal failure was glomerulonephritis. Most SHK transplant patients (77%) required renal replacement therapy prior to transplantation, with only one of the three patients undergoing SLK transplant, dialysis dependent. One‐year survival for the cohort was 79%, which is lower than reported for single organ transplantation. However, 5‐ and 10‐year survivals of 76% and 68%, respectively, were comparable. Isolated renal graft loss was seen in five patients, with only one patient successfully re‐transplanted and the rest commencing dialysis.ConclusionThe Australian and New Zealand experience of SHK and SLK includes 38 patients with a high 1‐year mortality, but excellent 5‐ and 10‐year survivals. Based on this, it seems reasonable to continue to offer combined organ transplantation to select patients with dual organ failure.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts via transforming growth factor‐β to up‐regulate expression of immunosuppressive CD73 on human CD4+ Foxp3– T cells
Authors: Mann Elizabeth H. , Chambers Emma S. , Chen Yin‐Huai , Richards David F. , Hawrylowicz Catherine M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryVitamin D deficiency is associated with increased incidence and severity of various immune‐mediated diseases. Active vitamin D (1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25(OH)2D3) up‐regulates CD4+ T‐cell expression of the purine ectonucleotidase CD39, a molecule that is associated with the generation of anti‐inflammatory adenosine. Here we aimed to investigate the direct impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on expression of the downstream ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase CD73 by human CD4 T cells, and components of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) pathway, which have been implicated in the modulation of CD73 by murine T cells. At 10−8 to 10−7 m, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased expression of CD73 on peripheral human CD4+ T cells. Although 1,25(OH)2D3 did not affect the mRNA expression of latent TGF‐β1, 1,25(OH)2D3 did up‐regulate expression of TGF‐β‐associated molecules [latency‐associated peptide (LAP), glycophorin A repetitions predominant (GARP), GP96, neuropilin‐1, thrombospondin‐1 and αv integrin] which is likely to have contributed to the observed enhancement in TGF‐β bioactivity. CD73 was highly co‐expressed with LAP and GARP following 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, but unexpectedly, each of these cell surface molecules was expressed primarily on CD4+ Foxp3– T cells, rather than CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells. Notably, neutralization of TGF‐β significantly impaired 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated induction of CD73. Collectively, we show that 1,25(OH)2D3 enhances expression of CD73 on CD4+ Foxp3– T cells in a process that is at least partially TGF‐β‐dependent. These data reveal an additional contributing mechanism by which vitamin D may be protective in immune‐mediated disease.
Patients with pyoderma gangrenosum – analyses of the German DRG data from 2012
Authors: Jockenhöfer Finja , Klode Joachim , Kröger Knut , Roesch Alexander , Al Ghazal Philipp , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rarely diagnosed non‐infectious neutrophil ulcerative dermatosis with only limited knowledge on the underlying auto‐inflammatory process. To unravel common cofactors and comorbidities in patients with PG we analysed Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) cases of all inpatients diagnosed with PG in German hospitals in 2012. We received data of 1227 inpatient cases having PG as primary diagnosis and 985 inpatient cases with PG as secondary diagnosis. The ratio of women to men was 2:1, and the most often registered age was 75–79 years. Common comorbidities were arterial hypertension (50·3%), non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (25·1%) and dysfunction of lipid metabolism (10·8%). In sum, 94·8% of the patients suffered from aspects of metabolic syndrome. Other comorbidities were Crohn's disease (4·5%), ulcerative colitis (4·2%), chronic polyarthritis (5·2%), monoclonal gammopathy or myelodysplastic syndrome (2·5%), leukaemia (1·1%) and lymphoma (0·4%). DRG data do not reflect individual patients, but rather patient cases. We described the worldwide largest PG population and confirmed a wide range of potentially relevant and partly not yet described cofactors and comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome.
Methods to assess area and volume of wounds – a systematic review
Authors: Jørgensen Line Bisgaard , Sørensen Jens A , Jemec Gregor BE , Yderstræde Knud B 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWound measurement is important in monitoring the healing process of chronic wounds and in evaluating the effect of treatment. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence from the literature on accuracy, agreement, reliability and feasibility of wound measurement techniques described since 1994. Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. Of the 12 013 studies identified, 43 were included in the review. A total of 30 papers evaluated techniques for measuring wound area and 13 evaluated techniques for measuring wound volume. The six approaches for measuring wound area were simple ruler method (10 papers), mathematical models (5 papers), manual planimetry (10 papers), digital planimetry (16 papers), stereophotogrammetry (2 papers) and digital imaging method (20 papers). Of these studies, 10 evaluated accuracy, 15 agreement, 17 reliability and 25 mentioned feasibility. The number of wounds examined in the studies was highly variable (n = 3–260). Studies evaluating techniques for measuring wound volume included between 1 and 50 wounds and evaluated accuracy (4 studies), agreement (6 studies), reliability (8 studies) and feasibility (12 studies). Digital planimetry and digital imaging were considered the most accurate and reliable methods for area measurement, particularly in larger and irregularly shaped wounds. None of the three‐dimensional technologies have so far had a major impact, because of their low accuracy, high cost and complexity in handling the system set‐up.
Double deprivation: a phenomenological study into the experience of being a carer during a mental health crisis
Authors: Albert Rikke , Simpson Alan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo explore carers’ experience of caring during a mental health crisis.BackgroundCommunity mental health care including crisis care relies increasingly on carers. The relationship between carers and professionals is at times fraught due to issues of what constitutes a crisis, confidentiality and a perception of lack of empathy. The caring experience can lead carers to feel isolated and neglected.DesignA qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Eight carers participated and were interviewed individually using a semi‐structured approach.MethodAnalysis used the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis method including transcribing of interviews, initial noting, searching for connections and patterns across the transcripts and cases. The themes were checked with the participants for their views on the emerging themes. The data were collected from November 2011–May 2012.FindingsCarers experienced ‘double deprivation’ by not receiving support from professionals and protecting their social network from the trauma of the crisis. The caring in crisis invoked complex feelings of guilt and loyalty which made discussing aggression difficult. Caring was described as a terrifying experience not just because of the aggression but also because of the perception of abandonment by professionals.ConclusionThe experience was an overwhelmingly negative one with a wish for acknowledgement of the crisis and support from mental health services. For most of the participants the caring during crisis was traumatic which left the carer feeling isolated and unsupported. The study should be used to help educate professionals on the complexities of caring during a crisis.
Lessons from Law About Incomplete Commodification in the Egg Market
Authors: Krawiec Kimberly D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article seeks to illustrate egg donation's incompletely commodified status through an analysis of two cases of first impression, highlighting the tensions that arise from attempts to reconcile egg donation's reality as a robust commercial industry with the nonmarket norms that traditionally underlie reproduction. Antitrust and taxation litigation may seem unlikely sources for guidance in navigating the tensions in egg donation's uncertain place between the worlds of gift and market exchange. Nonetheless, this litigation forces an explicit consideration of how egg donation is perceived, talked about, and operationalized, and where along the gift‐market spectrum it fits. These cases also engage familiar questions of commodification, coercion, and exploitation, which are surprisingly central litigation issues.
Is There a Right to Surrogacy?
Authors: Straehle Christine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAccess to surrogacy is often cast in the language of rights. Here, I examine what form such a right could take. I distinguish between surrogacy as a right to assisted procreation, and surrogacy as a contractual right. I find the first interpretation implausible: it would give rise to claims against the state that no state can fulfil, namely the provision of sufficient surrogates to satisfy the need. Instead, I argue that the right to surrogacy can only be plausibly understood as a contractual right. I then investigate two different sets of harms that are often employed to argue against such a contractual interpretation of the right to surrogacy: (1) harm to women's interests in a gendered society, and (2) harm to the sense of self of the surrogate. I assess both of these through the analytical lens of vulnerability. I find neither of them to be convincing arguments against surrogacy contracts. In conclusion, I agree that surrogacy contracts should be carefully regulated, but I disagree with those who call for prohibition of the right to surrogacy as a contractual right.
Colorblind or colorful? How diversity approaches affect cultural majority and minority employees
Authors: Jansen Wiebren S. , Vos Menno W. , Otten Sabine , Podsiadlowski Astrid , van der Zee Karen I. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe examined how perceived organizational diversity approaches (colorblindness and multiculturalism) relate to affective and productive work outcomes for cultural majority and minority employees. Using structural equation modeling on data collected in a panel study among 152 native Dutch majority and 77 non‐Western minority employees, we found that perceptions of a colorblind approach were most strongly related to work satisfaction and perceived innovation for majority members, while perceptions of a multicultural approach “worked best” for minority members. Moreover, these effects were fully mediated by the extent to which employees felt socially included in the organization. Thus, while inclusion is an important factor for both groups to enhance work outcomes, it is facilitated by different diversity approaches for majority and minority members.
Non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis at zirconia implants: a prospective case series
Authors: Schwarz Frank , John Gordon , Hegewald Andrea , Becker Jürgen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of non‐surgical therapy for the management of peri‐implant diseases at a two‐piece zirconium implant system.Material & MethodsThirty‐four patients with 45 implants participated in this study. Seventeen patients (24 implants) were diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis and received mechanical debridement + local antiseptic therapy using chlorhexidine digluconate (MD + CXH), while 17 patients (21 implants) diagnosed with peri‐implantitis were assigned to Er:YAG laser therapy. In both groups, post‐operative maintenance care included supramucosal plaque removal and local pocket irrigation using CHX. The primary endpoint was defined as disease resolution at 6 months (i.e. absence of bleeding upon probing (BOP) at mucositis sites/absence of BOP and probing pocket depths (PD) ≥6 mm at peri‐implantitis sites).ResultsResolution of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis was obtained in 9/17 (52.9%) (p = 0.001) and 5/17 (29.4%) (p = 0.02) of the patients respectively.ConclusionNon‐surgical treatment of either peri‐implant mucositis using MD + CHX or peri‐implantitis using ERL at zirconia implants was associated with significant short‐term clinical improvements. A complete disease resolution, however, was not achieved in the majority of the patients.
Practitioner Review: Borderline personality disorder in adolescence – recent conceptualization, intervention, and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Sharp Carla , Fonagy Peter 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThe past decade has seen an unprecedented increase in research activity on personality disorders (PDs) in adolescents. The increase in research activity, in addition to major nosological systems legitimizing the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents, highlights the need to communicate new research on adolescent personality problems to practitioners.ScopeIn this review, we provide up‐to‐date information on the phenomenology, prevalence, associated clinical problems, etiology, and intervention for BPD in adolescents. Our aim was to provide a clinically useful practitioner review and to dispel long‐held myths about the validity, diagnostic utility, and treatability of PDs in adolescents.Findings and conclusionAlongside providing up‐to‐date information on the phenomenology, prevalence, and etiology, we also report on associated clinical problems and interventions for adolescent BPD. It is only through early active assessment and identification of youngsters with these problems that a lifetime of personal suffering and health system burden can be reduced or altogether avoided. A variety of evidence‐based approaches are now available to treat BPD and related clinical problems in young people. Future research should focus on establishing optimal precision in the diagnostic processes in different treatment settings.
Evolution of anuran brains: disentangling ecological and phylogenetic sources of variation
Authors: Liao W. B. , Lou S. L. , Zeng Y. , Merilä J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVariation in ecological selection pressures has been implicated to explain variation in brain size and architecture in fishes, birds and mammals, but little is known in this respect about amphibians. Likewise, the relative importance of constraint vs. mosaic hypotheses of brain evolution in explaining variation in brain size and architecture remains contentious. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we studied interspecific variation in brain size and size of different brain parts among 43 Chinese anuran frogs and explored how much of this variation was explainable by variation in ecological factors (viz. habitat type, diet and predation risk). We also evaluated which of the two above‐mentioned hypotheses best explains the observed patterns. Although variation in brain size explained on average 80.5% of the variation in size of different brain parts (supporting the constraint hypothesis), none of the three ecological factors were found to explain variation in overall brain size. However, habitat and diet type explained a significant amount of variation in telencephalon size, as well in three composite measures of brain architecture. Likewise, predation risk explained a significant amount of variation in bulbus olfactorius and optic tecta size. Our results show that evolution of anuran brain accommodates features compatible with both constraint (viz. strong allometry among brain parts) and mosaic (viz. independent size changes in response to ecological factors in certain brain parts) models of brain size evolution.