bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and morphological evidence for a new grass genus, Dupontiopsis (Poaceae tribe Poeae subtribe Poinae s.l.), endemic to alpine Japan, and implications for the reticulate origin of Dupontia and Arctophila within Poinae s.l.
Authors: SORENG Robert J. , GILLESPIE Lynn J. , KOBA Hidehisa , BOUDKO Ekaterina , BULL Roger D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses within Poaceae tribe Poeae subtribes Puccinellinae (=Coleanthinae), Phleinae, Poinae s.l. (including Alopecurinae), and Miliinae (PPAM clade), revealed that one species formerly placed in Poa represents a new monotypic genus belonging to subtribe Poinae s.l., Dupontiopsis gen. nov., D. hayachinensis comb. nov. (based on Poa hayachinensis), endemic to wet, gravelly, serpentine, alpine habitats in northern Japan. This genus forms a strongly supported clade (DAD) with two circumarctic Poinae genera, Arctophila and Dupontia, in phylogenetic analyses of plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data. Both morphology and DNA sequence analyses provide support for D. hayachinensis as a lineage distinct from either Arctophila or Dupontia, with moderate DNA support for a position as sister to these two genera. Dupontiopsis resembles these other monotypic genera in its several‐flowered spikelets, lemmas usually 3‐nerved, with frequently awned attenuate scarious apices (as in Dupontia) and calluses with a crown of hairs around the base of the lemma, but differs in its keeled lemmas, scabrous palea keels, glumes shorter than the first lemma. Our investigation suggests that the most recent shared ancestor of the DAD clade evolved from a single hybridization event, as a hexaploid, probably in western Beringia. The probable parentage of the ancestor is considered to be within the Poinae–Alopecurinae clade excluding Poa. We provide evidence for possible secondary hybridization and introgression of duodecaploid Dupontia fisheri with Puccinellia. A key to perennial genera of PPAM with hairy calluses, and a supplemental table of morphological characters in the genera accepted in PPAM are provided.
Angiotensin and Neurovascular Coupling: Beyond Hypertension
Authors: Bloch Sherri , Obari Dima , Girouard Hélène 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBrain homeostasis is dependent upon the constant perfusion of oxygen and nutrients through CBF. The mechanism responsible to couple CBF to neuronal activity is termed NVC. Ang II, a key player in hypertension, impairs NVC and has been found to be of significant importance in neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. The presence of Ang II and its metabolites, as well as their receptors have been detected in many areas of the brain. Findings indicate that disruption of NVC by Ang II is mediated by its AT1R and NADPH oxidase (NOX)‐dependent ROS production independently of its effect on blood pressure. Although the process causing ROS to interfere with NVC has yet to be elucidated, data label peroxynitrite as the leading ROS to do so. The same common pathway is involved in NVC impairment in AD experimental models. This review investigates recent data concerning the effects of Ang II on NVC with the intent of exploring new treatment perspectives for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Osteonecrosis of the mandible in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma undergoing anti‐angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab
Authors: Tzermpos F. , Ismail A. , Pavli M. , Tosios K.I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBevacizumab is a recombinant monoclonal humanised antibody, designed to inhibit the binding ability of vascular endothelial growth factor to its receptor. Recently bevacizumab has been implemented in the treatment protocols against certain types of cancer. A 63‐year‐old Caucasian male patient with lung adenocarcinoma, presented in the OMFS clinic with a non‐healing lesion of the mucosa at the region of tooth 17 including areas of exposed bone and presence of pus along with paraesthesia, distributed to the left side of the lower lip. The patient had undergone two chemotherapy cycles including IV bevacizumab which was administered once every 3 weeks in a dose of 15 mg/kg. The radiographic examination (Orthopantomogram, ConeBeamComputedTomography) revealed cortical erosion of the lingual plate on the posterior left mandibular region with involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve. A diagnosis of stage II osteonecrosis was established that was later confirmed by the histopathological evaluation and ruled out possible bone metastases. After 2 weeks of treatment with an empiric antibiotic regimen, the necrotic lesion was removed with surgical debridement and without complications. In the 6 months follow‐up the diseased area was fully healed and the paraesthesia was improved.
Comparative study of trichloroacetic acid vs. photodynamic therapy with topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid for actinic keratosis of the scalp
Authors: Di Nuzzo Sergio , Cortelazzi Chiara , Boccaletti Valeria , Zucchi Alfredo , Conti Maria Luisa , Montanari Paola , Feliciani Claudio , Fabrizi Giuseppe , Pagliarello Calogero 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy with 5‐methyl‐aminolevulinate and photodynamic therapy with trichloroacetic acid 50% are the two techniques utilized in the management of actinic keratosis. This study was planned to compare the efficacy, adverse effects, recurrence and cosmetic outcome of these option therapies in patients with multiple actinic keratosis of the scalp.MethodsThirteen patients with multiple actinic keratosis were treated with one of the two treatments on half of the scalp at baseline, while the other treatment was performed on the other half 15 days apart, randomly. Efficacy, adverse effects, cosmetic outcome and recurrence were recorded at follow‐up visit at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.ResultsPhotodynamic therapy with 5 methyl‐aminolevulinate was more effective than trichloroacetic acid although less tolerated by patients as it was more painful. Early adverse effects were almost the same even if trichloroacetic acid leads also to crust formation and to a worse cosmetic outcome characterized by hypopigmentation. Recurrence was lower in the area treated with photodynamic therapy.ConclusionTrichloroacetic acid 50% is less effective than photodynamic therapy with 5 methyl‐aminolevulinate in the treatment of multiple actinic keratosis of the scalp although better tolerated by patients. As this technique is less painful and less expensive than photodynamic therapy, we hypothesize and suggest that more sequential treatments could lead to better results.
Usefulness of in vivo photodiagnosis for the identification of tumor margins in recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the face
Authors: Borroni Riccardo G. , Barruscotti Stefania , Carugno Andrea , Barbaccia Vincenzo , Arbustini Eloisa , Brazzelli Valeria 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignant tumor of the skin. The high prevalence of BCC, the risk of local recurrence, and the difficult clinical identification of the excision margins emphasize the importance of studying new approaches, ensuring complete surgical excision that allows preservation of normal tissue, especially for BCCs located on cosmetically important areas such as the mid face. Photodiagnosis (PD) is a pre‐operative technique that allows a more accurate distinction of neoplastic lesions from surrounding healthy skin in vivo.PurposeThe aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of PD for the evaluation of tumor margins in 10 patients with recurrent BCC of the face.MethodsWe study the red fluorescence emitted by neoplastic tissue under a Wood's lamp irradiation, after accumulation of methyl amino levulinate (MAL) cream in 10 patients with recurrent BCC.ResultsOur histologic analysis of perilesional skin by PD allowed to delineate more precise tumor margins, thus achieving radical excision in 90% of patients.ConclusionPD represents a diagnostic method that helps to distinguish between tumor tissue and surrounding healthy tissue especially in case of recurrent BCC of the face when the clinical delimitation is not clear.
Fulminant endocarditis and disseminated infection caused by carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a renal‐pancreas transplant recipient
Authors: Patel G. , Perez F. , Hujer A.M. , Rudin S.D. , Augustine J.J. , Jacobs G.H. , Jacobs M.R. , Bonomo R.A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of healthcare‐associated infections, and is particularly problematic among patients who undergo organ transplantation. We describe a case of fulminant sepsis caused by carbapenem‐resistant A. baumannii harboring the blaOXA‐23 carbapenemase gene and belonging to international clone II. This isolate led to the death of a patient 6 days after simultaneous kidney‐pancreas transplantation. Autopsy findings revealed acute mitral valve endocarditis, myocarditis, splenic and renal emboli, peritonitis, and pneumonia. This case highlights the severe nature of certain A. baumannii infections and the vulnerability of transplanted patients to the increasingly intractable “high‐risk” clones of multidrug‐resistant organisms.
Metabolism of acyl‐lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Li‐Beisson Yonghua , Beisson Fred , Riekhof Wayne 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMicroalgae are emerging platforms for production of a suite of compounds targeting several markets, including food, nutraceuticals, green chemicals, and biofuels. Many of these products, such as biodiesel or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), derive from lipid metabolism. A general picture of lipid metabolism in microalgae has been deduced from well characterized pathways of fungi and land plants, but recent advances in molecular and genetic analyses of microalgae have uncovered unique features, pointing out the necessity to study lipid metabolism in microalgae themselves. In the past 10 years, in addition to its traditional role as a model for photosynthetic and flagellar motility processes, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has emerged as a model organism to study lipid metabolism in green microalgae. Here, after summarizing data on total fatty acid composition, distribution of acyl‐lipid classes, and major acyl‐lipid molecular species found in C. reinhardtii, we review the current knowledge on the known or putative steps for fatty acid synthesis, glycerolipid desaturation and assembly, membrane lipid turnover, and oil remobilization. A list of characterized or putative enzymes for the major steps of acyl‐lipid metabolism in C. reinhardtii is included, and subcellular localizations and phenotypes of associated mutants are discussed. Biogenesis and composition of Chlamydomonas lipid droplets and the potential importance of lipolytic processes in increasing cellular oil content are also highlighted.
Microsatellite DNA variation within and among invasive populations of Ambrosia artemisiifolia from the southern Pannonian Plain
Authors: Kočiš Tubić N , Djan M , Veličković N , Anačkov G , Obreht D 
Published: February 2015

SummaryAlthough the Pannonian Plain presents one of the areas in Europe most highly infested by Ambrosia artemisiifolia, previously reported population genetic studies of the invasive species have included only a few populations from this region. Our goal was to determine the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure of A. artemisiifolia populations from the southern Pannonian Plain using microsatellite DNA markers. We documented a high level of genetic diversity within the Pannonian populations, as compared with the genetic diversity parameters previously published for the other invasive populations of A. artemisiifolia in Europe. The mean number of alleles per locus (NA) ranged between 6.8 and 9.4, allelic richness (r) between 6.59 and 8.53 and mean number of rare alleles per locus (NR) ranged between 3.4 and 6.4 per analysed population. A low level of among‐population differentiation was detected, with percentage of variation between populations of 3.3%, generally low pairwise FST values (ranged from −0.007 to 0.152) and also according to principal coordinate analysis. A Bayesian approach revealed that most individuals did not strongly associate with any single genetic cluster, confirming a lack of genetic structuring in the analysed region. Together with the results of quantification of the level of gene flow (Nm = 5.671), these observations indicated a presence of extensive gene exchange and admixture between the populations. Therefore, A. artemisiifolia in the Pannonian Plain region has the potential for rapid expansion.
Segregation of non‐target‐site resistance to herbicides in multiple‐resistant Alopecurus myosuroides plants
Authors: Rosenhauer M , Felsenstein F G , Piepho H‐P , Höfer M , Petersen J 
Published: February 2015

SummaryNon‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) comprises a set of mechanisms conferring resistance to multiple modes of action. Investigation of the number of loci involved in NTSR will aid in the understanding of these resistance mechanisms. Therefore, six different multiple herbicide‐resistant Alopecurus myosuroides plants with different herbicide history were crossed in two generations with a susceptible wild type. Seeds from the backcrossing generation were studied for their segregation rate for resistance to five herbicides with four different modes of action (HRAC groups C2, A, B and K3). Taking into account that NTSR is a set of quantitative traits, the numbers of loci controlling NTSR were estimated using a normal mixture model fitted by the NLMIXED procedure of SAS. Each herbicide was controlled by a different number of loci comparing the six plants. In most of the cases, chlorotoluron resistance was controlled by one locus, whereas resistance to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl needed one or two loci. Resistance to pinoxaden was in all plants conferred by two loci. Cross‐resistance of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl and pinoxaden was found in all backcrossings, indicating that at least one of the two loci is responsible for both resistances. Resistance to mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron was conferred by a minimum of two loci. Results indicated that a minimum of five different loci can be involved in a multiple NTSR plant. Furthermore, the plant‐specific accumulation of NTSR loci was demonstrated. Such behaviour should be taken into account when evaluating the development and further spread of herbicide resistance.
Mechanisms Involved in Fe(III) Respiration by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus
Authors: Smith Jessica A. , Aklujkar Muktak , Risso Carla , Leang Ching , Giloteaux Ludovic , Holmes Dawn E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

The hyperthermophilic archaeon
Ferroglobus placidus
can utilize a wide variety of electron donors, including hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds, with Fe(III) serving as an electron acceptor. In Fe(III)-reducing bacteria that have been studied to date, this process is mediated by
c
-type cytochromes and type IV pili. However, there currently is little information available about how this process is accomplished in archaea.
In silico
analysis of the
F. placidus
genome revealed the presence of 30 genes coding for putative
c
-type cytochrome proteins (more than any other archaeon that has been sequenced to date), five of which contained 10 or more heme-binding motifs. When cell extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by heme staining, multiple bands corresponding to
c
-type cytochromes were detected. Different protein expression patterns were observed in
F. placidus
cells grown on soluble and insoluble iron forms. In order to explore this result further, transcriptomic studies were performed. Eight genes corresponding to multiheme
c
-type cytochromes were upregulated when
F. placidus
was grown with insoluble Fe(III) oxide compared to soluble Fe(III) citrate as an electron acceptor. Numerous archaella (archaeal flagella) also were observed on Fe(III)-grown cells, and genes coding for two type IV pilin-like domain proteins were differentially expressed in Fe(III) oxide-grown cells. This study provides insight into the mechanisms for dissimilatory Fe(III) respiration by hyperthermophilic archaea.
TElehealth in CHronic disease: mixed-methods study to develop the TECH conceptual model for intervention design and evaluation
Authors: Salisbury Chris , Thomas Clare , O'Cathain Alicia , Rogers Anne , Pope Catherine , Yardley Lucy , Hollinghurst Sandra , Fahey Tom , Lewis Glyn , Large Shirley , Edwards Louisa , Rowsell Alison , Segar Julia , Brownsell Simon , Montgomery Alan A 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo develop a conceptual model for effective use of telehealth in the management of chronic health conditions, and to use this to develop and evaluate an intervention for people with two exemplar conditions: raised cardiovascular disease risk and depression.DesignThe model was based on several strands of evidence: a metareview and realist synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence on telehealth for chronic conditions; a qualitative study of patients’ and health professionals’ experience of telehealth; a quantitative survey of patients’ interest in using telehealth; and review of existing models of chronic condition management and evidence-based treatment guidelines. Based on these evidence strands, a model was developed and then refined at a stakeholder workshop. Then a telehealth intervention (‘Healthlines’) was designed by incorporating strategies to address each of the model components. The model also provided a framework for evaluation of this intervention within parallel randomised controlled trials in the two exemplar conditions, and the accompanying process evaluations and economic evaluations.SettingPrimary care.ResultsThe TElehealth in CHronic Disease (TECH) model proposes that attention to four components will offer interventions the best chance of success: (1) engagement of patients and health professionals, (2) effective chronic disease management (including subcomponents of self-management, optimisation of treatment, care coordination), (3) partnership between providers and (4) patient, social and health system context. Key intended outcomes are improved health, access to care, patient experience and cost-effective care.ConclusionsA conceptual model has been developed based on multiple sources of evidence which articulates how telehealth may best provide benefits for patients with chronic health conditions. It can be used to structure the design and evaluation of telehealth programmes which aim to be acceptable to patients and providers, and cost-effective.
Earthquake ethics through scientific knowledge, historical memory and societal awareness: the experience of direct Internet information
Authors: de Rubeis Valerio , Sbarra P. , Sebaste B. , Tosi P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The collection of web data on the effects of earthquakes and the diffusion of this information to the public receive growing interest from Italian citizens. Since 2007, more than 650 000 intensity questionnaires, describing more than 7800 earthquakes were collected.
Two-way information exchange is important. Everybody records the local observed effects of earthquakes and then a global view can be obtained through the maps of the earthquakes that are generated in real-time. More than 23 000 permanent subscribers distributed throughout Italy are alerted in case of an earthquake, which reinforces participation. People are informed through e-mail, about events occurring in their area. The ‘alert’ service is a reminder that earthquakes are continuously present, but high magnitude events rarely occur.
Every person knows what an earthquake is and this brings fear and the idea of death and destruction. Often there is also a belief that earthquakes are very rare occurrences. This fact feeds refusal and repression. A strong earthquake immediately changes surprised feelings into shock and desperation. A positive approach should comprise the following: (1) a better knowledge of seismicity, (2) constant awareness of seismic activity, (3) an understanding of the meaning of the probability applied to seismicity and (4) a movement towards positive activities such as building reinforcements and earthquake simulation activities. Social and ethical implications need to find an equilibrium point between alarmism and the undervaluation of the hazard.
A revision of the New World species of Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae)
Authors: TUCKER ERIKA M. , CHAPMAN ERIC G. , SHARKEY MICHAEL J. 
Published: February 2015

The New World species of the genus Cremnops are revised. Thirty-three species of Cremnops are treated; five are described as new, i.e., C. bertae sp. nov., C. cluttsis sp. nov., C. nymphius sp. nov., C. wileycoyotius sp. nov. and C. witkopegasus sp. nov. Six species are synonymized, i.e., Cremnops caribensis Berta, 1998, is synonymized under C. guanicanus Wolcott, 1924; C. nigrosternum (Morrison 1917) is synonymized under C. haematodes (Brullé 1846); C. punctatus Berta, 1998, is synonymized under C. marshi Berta, 1998; C. sharkei Berta, 1998, is synonymized under C. montrealensis (Morrison 1917); C. turrialbae Berta de Fernandez, 1998, is synonymized under C. ferrugineus (Cameron 1887); and C. misionensis Berta, 1987, is synonymized under C. slossonae (Morrison 1917). Cremnops florissanticola is transferred to its original combination Bracon florissanticola Cockerell, 1919, st. rev. Included are a molecular phylogeny, a dichotomous key, links to distribution maps, an electronic interactive key, and images of holotypes.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Major and Minor League Baseball Players
Authors: Green Gary A. , Pollack Keshia M. , D’Angelo John , Schickendantz Mark S. , Caplinger Roger , Weber Kathleen , Valadka Alex , McAllister Thomas W. , Dick Randall W. , Mandelbaum Bert , Curriero Frank C. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Although mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is not as common in professional baseball as in collision sports, it does occur and frequently results in significant loss of time away from the sport. To date, no study has investigated MTBI among an entire cohort of professional baseball players. Purpose: To investigate MTBIs in major and minor league baseball players to determine the most common mechanisms of injury, activity at time of injury, position, level of play, and time lost, as well as ultimately inform prevention efforts. A secondary objective was to document the association between MTBI and return to play using several different measures. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: Data were captured from a newly implemented league-wide injury surveillance system that records injuries among all professional baseball players as entered by certified athletic trainers and physicians. The MTBIs were identified with respect to level of play, activity, field location, and mechanism of injury. Time loss was assessed by 3 measures of return to play, and MTBI game rates were reported as injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures. Data were combined over the 2011-2012 seasons for analysis, and results were presented separately for minor and major league players. Chi-square tests were used to test the hypothesis of equal proportions between the various categories of MTBI injury characteristics. Results: There were 41 reported MTBIs in the major leagues and 266 in the minor leagues over the 2-year period under study. The overall MTBI game rate across both major and minor league ball clubs was 0.42 per 1000 athlete-exposures. The median time lost was 9 days. Mild traumatic brain injury accounted for 1% of all injuries resulting in time lost from play. For MTBIs that occurred while fielding, catchers were significantly overrepresented. No differences were noted among the 3 measures of time lost. Conclusion: Mild traumatic brain injury is an important problem in professional baseball players, especially for catchers. This study provides a foundation for future inquiry to reduce the incidence of MTBI in those positions at greatest risk and to provide a baseline as rules and equipment evolve.