bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between blood pressure and mortality risk in an older population: role of chronological and biological age
Authors: Post Hospers G. , Smulders Y. M. , Maier A. B. , Deeg D. J. , Muller M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe relation between high blood pressure (BP) and mortality risk in older individuals (above 65 years of age) is still debated. Some data suggest that this relation is inverted in certain subgroups of (biologically) older individuals. We therefore investigated whether the association between BP and mortality is dependent on chronological age and on physical and cognitive function as indicators of biological age.MethodsThe relationship between BP and all‐cause mortality was investigated in 1466 older participants (aged 65 years and older; mean age 75.8 years) of the Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam using multiple adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were stratified for age, gait speed and mini mental state examination score.ResultsA total of 1008 participants died after a median (range) follow‐up of 10.6 (0.2; 15.9) years. Low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was associated with an increased all‐cause mortality risk: hazard ratio (HR) of low DBP (≤70 mmHg) compared to normal DBP (71–90 mmHg) was 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15; 1.61]. This relation was particularly strong in the oldest old (individuals aged >80 years) and in those who had lower levels of both physical and cognitive functioning: HRs (95% CIs) of low versus normal DBP were 1.58 (1.26; 1.98) and 1.45 (1.18; 1.77), respectively.ConclusionIn a large population‐based cohort of older adults, low DBP was associated with an increased all‐cause mortality risk, especially in the oldest old and in biologically old individuals.
Self‐Adhesive Resin Cements: A Clinical Review
Authors: Weiser Felix , Behr Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeTo review the performance of self‐adhesive luting agents to determine their clinical evidence.Materials and MethodsIn March 2013, we conducted a literature search by means of PubMed and manually searched German and English medical journals using general search terms (e.g., “self‐adhesive resin cements”), detailed search terms (e.g., clinical study “self‐adhesive resin cement”), and brand name search terms (clinical study AND “brand name of the cement”). The resulting lists of articles were manually searched for clinical studies. Because of the low number of relevant articles, we decided to broaden our search by including in vitro studies based on a thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) design.ResultsThe search using the six general search terms yielded a list with over 100 studies with only 13 in vivo studies and 6 in vitro studies based on a TCML design. The other studies either did not comply with the requirements or were not in vitro studies based on a TCML design. Two more in vivo studies could be added after the brand name search. Altogether, 15 in vivo studies and 6 in vitro studies were included in our analysis.ConclusionBecause of the low number of studies available, the clinical evidence of self‐adhesive luting agents cannot be assessed in a sufficient manner.
Measurement of the S‐adenosyl methionine (SAMe) content in a range of commercial veterinary SAMe supplements
Authors: Sturgess C. P. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVESTo measure the percentage of the stated amount of S‐adenosyl methionine present in a range of commercially available S‐adenosyl methionine supplements for veterinary use.METHODSixty‐four samples of products containing S‐adenosyl methionine marketed to support liver function were obtained from five manufacturers via three commercial wholesalers. The amount of S‐adenosyl methionine in each product was measured using high‐pressure liquid chromatography.RESULTSThere were greater than threefold variation in the percentage of measured S‐adenosyl methionine compared to the stated amount on the packaging which was significantly (P < 0 · 001) related to the product group being measured.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDifferences in received dose of S‐adenosyl methionine between different products were marked and this could have a profound influence on studies that evaluate any variation in absorption of S‐adenosyl methionine between different product formulations, the effectiveness of S‐adenosyl methionine‐based products in clinical cases or when translating the results of studies that have used a specific S‐adenosyl methionine product to those produced by a different manufacturer.
Regulatory gene networks that shape the development of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in a cichlid fish
Authors: Schneider Ralf F. , Li Yuanhao , Meyer Axel , Gunter Helen M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the ability of organisms with a given genotype to develop different phenotypes according to environmental stimuli, resulting in individuals that are better adapted to local conditions. In spite of their ecological importance, the developmental regulatory networks underlying plastic phenotypes often remain uncharacterized. We examined the regulatory basis of diet‐induced plasticity in the lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) of the cichlid fish Astatoreochromis alluaudi, a model species in the study of adaptive plasticity. Through raising juvenile A. alluaudi on either a hard or soft diet (hard‐shelled or pulverized snails) for between 1 and 8 months, we gained insight into the temporal regulation of 19 previously identified candidate genes during the early stages of plasticity development. Plasticity in LPJ morphology was first detected between 3 and 5 months of diet treatment. The candidate genes, belonging to various functional categories, displayed dynamic expression patterns that consistently preceded the onset of morphological divergence and putatively contribute to the initiation of the plastic phenotypes. Within functional categories, we observed striking co‐expression, and transcription factor binding site analysis was used to examine the prospective basis of their coregulation. We propose a regulatory network of LPJ plasticity in cichlids, presenting evidence for regulatory crosstalk between bone and muscle tissues, which putatively facilitates the development of this highly integrated trait. Through incorporating a developmental time‐course into a phenotypic plasticity study, we have identified an interconnected, environmentally responsive regulatory network that shapes the development of plasticity in a key innovation of East African cichlids.
Cytosolic iron‐sulphur protein assembly is functionally conserved and essential in procyclic and bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Basu Somsuvro , Netz Daili J. , Haindrich Alexander C. , Herlerth Nils , Lagny Thibaut J. , Pierik Antonio J. , Lill Roland , Lukeš Julius 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCytosolic and nuclear iron‐sulphur (Fe/S) proteins include essential components involved in protein translation, DNA synthesis and DNA repair. In yeast and human cells, assembly of their Fe/S cofactor is accomplished by the CIA (cytosolic iron‐sulphur protein assembly) machinery comprised of some 10 proteins. To investigate the extent of conservation of the CIA pathway, we examined its importance in the early‐branching eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei that encodes all known CIA factors. Upon RNAi‐mediated ablation of individual, early‐acting CIA proteins, no major defects were observed in both procyclic and bloodstream stages. In contrast, parallel depletion of two CIA components was lethal, and severely diminished cytosolic aconitase activity lending support for a direct role of the CIA proteins in cytosolic Fe/S protein biogenesis. In support of this conclusion, the T. brucei CIA proteins complemented the growth defects of their respective yeast CIA depletion mutants. Finally, the T. brucei CIA factor Tah18 was characterized as a flavoprotein, while its binding partner Dre2 functions as a Fe/S protein. Together, our results demonstrate the essential and conserved function of the CIA pathway in cytosolic Fe/S protein assembly in both developmental stages of this representative of supergroup Excavata.
Do the same traffic rules apply? Directional chromosome segregation by SpoIIIE and FtsK
Authors: Besprozvannaya Marina , Burton Briana M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryOver a decade of studies have tackled the question of how FtsK/SpoIIIE translocases establish and maintain directional DNA translocation during chromosome segregation in bacteria. FtsK/SpoIIIE translocases move DNA in a highly processive, directional manner, where directionality is facilitated by sequences on the substrate DNA molecules that are being transported. In recent years, structural, biochemical, single‐molecule and high‐resolution microscopic studies have provided new insight into the mechanistic details of directional DNA segregation. Out of this body of work, a series of models have emerged and, ultimately, yielded two seemingly opposing models: the loading model and the target search model. We review these recent mechanistic insights into directional DNA movement and discuss the data that may serve to unite these suggested models, as well as propose future directions that may ultimately solve the debate.
Thomas Aquinas and Hans Urs von Balthasar: A Dialogue on Love and
Charity
Authors: Miner Robert 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In Love Alone is Credible (1963), Hans Urs
von Balthasar discusses love in a way that “seeks to be faithful to the
theological tradition of the great saints.” Conspicuously missing from the
set of “great saints” whom Balthasar praises is Thomas Aquinas. Does
Balthasar imply a negative judgment about Thomas's thought on love? If so,
what is the judgment? On what grounds is it made? How might Thomas answer?
To address these questions, I construct a dialogue between the two,
privileging Love Alone and the Questions on
charity from the Summa Theologiae. The dialogue
begins with a survey of ground common to Balthasar and Thomas. A second step
shows how three salient aspects of Thomas's treatment of charity appear from
Balthasar's perspective. A third section deepens the critique, showing that
for Balthasar, both divine and human love must be conceived as utterly
gratuitous in ways that Thomas downplays or denies. A fourth section asks
how the account of love given by Balthasar appears from Thomas's viewpoint.
A final section asks what to make of these partly overlapping, partly
clashing perspectives, and suggests why both are necessary.
Unprecedented High-Resolution View of Bacterial Operon Architecture Revealed by RNA Sequencing
Authors: Conway Tyrrell , Creecy James P. , Maddox Scott M. , Grissom Joe E. , Conkle Trevor L. , Shadid Tyler M. , Teramoto Jun , San Miguel Phillip , Shimada Tomohiro , Ishihama Akira , Mori Hirotada , Wanner Barry L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

We analyzed the transcriptome of
Escherichia coli
K-12 by strand-specific RNA sequencing at single-nucleotide resolution during steady-state (logarithmic-phase) growth and upon entry into stationary phase in glucose minimal medium. To generate high-resolution transcriptome maps, we developed an organizational schema which showed that in practice only three features are required to define operon architecture: the promoter, terminator, and deep RNA sequence read coverage. We precisely annotated 2,122 promoters and 1,774 terminators, defining 1,510 operons with an average of 1.98 genes per operon. Our analyses revealed an unprecedented view of
E. coli
operon architecture. A large proportion (36%) of operons are complex with internal promoters or terminators that generate multiple transcription units. For 43% of operons, we observed differential expression of polycistronic genes, despite being in the same operons, indicating that
E. coli
operon architecture allows fine-tuning of gene expression. We found that 276 of 370 convergent operons terminate inefficiently, generating complementary 3′ transcript ends which overlap on average by 286 nucleotides, and 136 of 388 divergent operons have promoters arranged such that their 5′ ends overlap on average by 168 nucleotides. We found 89 antisense transcripts of 397-nucleotide average length, 7 unannotated transcripts within intergenic regions, and 18 sense transcripts that completely overlap operons on the opposite strand. Of 519 overlapping transcripts, 75% correspond to sequences that are highly conserved in
E. coli
(>50 genomes). Our data extend recent studies showing unexpected transcriptome complexity in several bacteria and suggest that antisense RNA regulation is widespread.

IMPORTANCE
We precisely mapped the 5′ and 3′ ends of RNA transcripts across the
E. coli
K-12 genome by using a single-nucleotide analytical approach. Our resulting high-resolution transcriptome maps show that ca. one-third of
E. coli
operons are complex, with internal promoters and terminators generating multiple transcription units and allowing differential gene expression within these operons. We discovered extensive antisense transcription that results from more than 500 operons, which fully overlap or extensively overlap adjacent divergent or convergent operons. The genomic regions corresponding to these antisense transcripts are highly conserved in
E. coli
(including
Shigella
species), although it remains to be proven whether or not they are functional. Our observations of features unearthed by single-nucleotide transcriptome mapping suggest that deeper layers of transcriptional regulation in bacteria are likely to be revealed in the future.
Thyroid storm following suicide attempt by hanging
Authors: Shrum J M , Byers B , Parhar K 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA 19-year-old woman with asphyxiation complicated by cardiac arrest, following an unsuccessful suicide attempt by hanging, developed an uncommon complication of trauma-induced thyroid storm. She was initially admitted to the intensive care unit intubated and mechanically ventilated for postcardiac arrest management. Investigation of thyroid storm was pursued after the patient was noted to be persistently hypertensive, tachycardic and agitated despite high levels of sedation. Thyroid function tests confirmed the clinical suspicion of progressive thyrotoxicosis, with associated imaging consistent with thyroid inflammation secondary to band-like traumatic pressure to the lower half of the thyroid gland. Treatment with β-blockers and a thionamide resulted in the eventual resolution of her thyroid storm state and normalisation of her thyroid function. We conclude that traumatically induced thyroid storm should be considered in all hypermetabolic patients following blunt neck injuries including hanging, and that traditional treatment of hyperthyroidism can be successfully applied.
An unusual case of iatrogenic haemoptysis
Authors: Pal Kavita , Seeram Vandana Kavita , Cury James Davis 
Published: July 2014

SummaryTransbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and lung masses is a powerful tool in the diagnostic evaluation of mediastinal adenopathies including malignancies. As its use becomes more widespread, few cases have been reported with complications. We present a case of a 57-year-old man who was transferred to our institution for uncontrolled haemoptysis following endobronchial ultrasound-guided TBNA. At our institution, emergent bronchoscopy revealed a large clot distal to the right upper lobe bronchus without a visible fistula tract. A CT pulmonary angiogram and a subsequent pulmonary angiogram showed an aneurysm originating from the right superior pulmonary vein. Management was conservative with strict blood pressure control and lowering the left atrial pressure allowed spontaneous resolution of the bleed.
Perspectives of UK Pakistani women on their behaviour change to prevent type 2 diabetes: qualitative study using the theory domain framework
Authors: Penn Linda , Dombrowski Stephan U , Sniehotta Falko F , White Martin 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a debilitating disease, highly prevalent in UK South Asians, and preventable by lifestyle intervention. The ‘New life, New you’ (NLNY) physical activity (PA) and dietary intervention for T2D prevention was culturally adapted to better engage minority ethnic populations and tested for feasibility.ObjectivesTo investigate Pakistani female participants’ perspectives of their behaviour change and of salient intervention features.SettingA community-based 8-week programme of group delivered PA sessions with behavioural counselling and dietary advice, culturally adapted for ethnic minority populations, in an area of socioeconomic deprivation. Participants to NLNY were recruited through screening events in community venues across the town.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with 20 Pakistani female NLNY participants, aged 26–45 (mean 33.5) years, from different parts of town.ResultsWithin the a priori Theoretical Domains Framework (intentions and goals, reinforcement, knowledge, nature of the activity, social role and identity, social influences, capabilities and skills, regulation and decision, emotion and environment), we identified the importance of social factors relating to participants’ own PA and dietary behaviour change. We also identified cross-cutting themes as collateral benefits of the intervention including participants’ ‘psychological health’; ‘responsibility’ (for others’ health, especially family members included in the new PA and diet regimes) and ‘inclusion’ (an ethos of accommodating differences).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that culturally adapted interventions for Pakistani women at risk of T2D, delivered via group PA sessions with counselling and dietary advice, may encourage their PA and dietary behaviour change, and have collateral health and social benefits. The NLNY intervention appeared to be acceptable. We plan to evaluate recruitment, retention and likely effect of the intervention on participant behaviour prior to definitive evaluation.
Comparison of KRAS mutation analysis of colorectal cancer samples by standard testing and next-generation sequencing
Authors: Kothari Nishi , Schell Michael J , Teer Jamie K , Yeatman Timothy , Shibata David , Kim Richard 
Published: July 2014

AimsBased on KRAS testing, the subset of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) that could benefit from anti-EGFR therapy can be better delineated. Though KRAS testing has become significantly more prevalent over the last few years, methods for testing remain heterogeneous and discordance has been reported between methods.MethodsIn this study, we examined a CRC patient population and compared KRAS testing done in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) approved laboratories as part of standard clinical care and by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the Illumina platform. Discordances were further evaluated with manual review of the NGS testing.ResultsOut of 468 CRC patient samples, 77 had KRAS testing done by both CLIA assay and NGS. There were concordant results between testing methodologies in 74 out of 77 patients, or 96% (95% CI 89% to 99%). There were three patient samples that showed discordant results between the two methods of testing. Upon further investigation of the NGS results for the three discordant cases, one sample showed a low level of the mutation seen in the standard testing, one sample showed low tumour fraction and a third did not show any evidence of the mutation that was found with the standard assay. Five patients had KRAS mutations not typically tested with standard testing.ConclusionsOverall there was a high concordance rate between NGS and standard testing for KRAS. However, NGS revealed mutations that are not tested for with standard KRAS assays that might have clinical impact with regards to the role for anti-EGFR therapy.
Effect of Reduction of the Pulse Rates of Fluoroscopy and CINE-Acquisition on X-Ray Dose and Angiographic Image Quality During Invasive Cardiovascular Procedures
Authors: Pyne Christopher T. , Gadey Gautam , Jeon Cathy , Piemonte Thomas , Waxman Sergio , Resnic Frederic 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Reducing digital pulse rates (PR) are known to reduce total energy during invasive cardiovascular procedures, which likely has benefits for patients and staff. Physicians may be reluctant to reduce these parameters because they fear a decline in image quality that could affect procedural outcomes. We sought to assess the effect of default rates of fluoroscopy (Fluoro) and CINE-acquisition (CINE) on total x-ray dose and image quality during invasive cardiovascular procedures.

Methods and Results—

We retrospectively reviewed procedures done with 2 default PRs: a standard dose cohort (PR, 15 for Fluoro and CINE), and a reduced dose cohort (PR, 10 for Fluoro and CINE). Total x-ray dose, Fluoro time, and contrast use were compared between groups. A blinded angiographic image quality assessment was then performed using an objective 10-point angiographic quality score. There were no significant differences between cohorts for fluoroscopy time or contrast use. The reduced dose cohort has a significant reduction in mean total x-ray dose (PR 15, 1763.1 mGy; PR 10, 1179.1 mGy;
P
<0.0001). When adjusted for potential confounders, a 38% reduction in total x-ray dose was identified (
P
<0.0001). There was no difference in adjusted angiographic quality score between the cohorts (PR 15, 7.90; PR 10, 8.00;
P
=0.67), indicating no decline in image quality with PR reduction.

Conclusions—
Reducing default PRs during invasive cardiovascular procedures yields large and significant reductions in total x-ray energy with no decline in angiographic image quality.
Understanding Recent Eastern Horn of Africa Rainfall Variability and Change
Authors: Liebmann Brant , Hoerling Martin P. , Funk Chris , Bladé Ileana , Dole Randall M. , Allured Dave , Quan Xiaowei , Pegion Philip , Eischeid Jon K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Observations and sea surface temperature (SST)-forced ECHAM5 simulations are examined to study the seasonal cycle of eastern Africa rainfall and its SST sensitivity during 1979–2012, focusing on interannual variability and trends. The eastern Horn is drier than the rest of equatorial Africa, with two distinct wet seasons, and whereas the October–December wet season has become wetter, the March–May season has become drier.
The climatological rainfall in simulations driven by observed SSTs captures this bimodal regime. The simulated trends also qualitatively reproduce the opposite-sign changes in the two rainy seasons, suggesting that SST forcing has played an important role in the observed changes. The consistency between the sign of 1979–2012 trends and interannual SST–precipitation correlations is exploited to identify the most likely locations of SST forcing of precipitation trends in the model, and conceivably also in nature. Results indicate that the observed March–May drying since 1979 is due to sensitivity to an increased zonal gradient in SST between Indonesia and the central Pacific. In contrast, the October–December precipitation increase is mostly due to western Indian Ocean warming.
The recent upward trend in the October–December wet season is rather weak, however, and its statistical significance is compromised by strong year-to-year fluctuations. October–December eastern Horn rain variability is strongly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean dipole phenomena on interannual scales, in both model and observations. The interannual October–December correlation between the ensemble-average and observed Horn rainfall 0.87. By comparison, interannual March–May Horn precipitation is only weakly constrained by SST anomalies.