bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10‐Hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid, a unique medium‐chain fatty acid, activates 5'‐AMP‐activated protein kinase in L6 myotubes and mice
Authors: Takikawa Masathito , Kumagai Aya , Hirata Harumi , Soga Minoru , Yamashita Yoko , Ueda Manabu , Ashida Hitoshi , Tsuda Takanori 
Published: June 2013

Scope10‐Hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid (10H2DA) is one of the unique medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) specifically found in royal jelly. We hypothesize that 10H2DA has multiple biological functions and may aid in 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and affect the glucose transport system in skeletal muscle.Methods and resultsWe examined whether various MCFAs present in royal jelly activated AMPKα. Treatment of L6 myotubes with various MCFAs showed that 10H2DA administration resulted in a significant increase in phosphorylated AMPKα. 10H2DA activates AMPK independently of insulin and significantly increased glucose uptake into L6 myotubes following translocation of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) to the plasma membrane (PM). The activation was induced by the upstream kinase Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase kinase β, but was independent of changes in AMP:ATP ratio and the liver kinase B1 pathway. Oral administration of 10H2DA significantly stimulated phosphorylation of AMPK and Glut4 translocation to the PM in mouse skeletal muscle.ConclusionThese findings indicate that (i) 10H2DA activates AMPK, and insulin independently enhances glucose uptake following translocation of Glut4 to PM, (ii) activation of AMPKα by 10H2DA is mediated via extracellular Ca2+‐dependent Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase kinase β, without alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio, and liver kinase B1 was not involved in the activation.
Living with advanced heart failure or COPD: Experiences and goals of individuals nearing the end of life
Authors: Lowey Susan E. , Norton Sally A. , Quinn Jill R. , Quill Timothy E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe last phase of life of patients with end‐stage heart failure (HF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is marked by high symptom burden and uncertainty about the future. Few enroll in hospice, and their preferences for care remain unknown. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experiences and goals for care of patients with end‐stage HF and COPD who were recently discharged from the hospital. Forty semi‐structured interviews were completed with 20 participants. Despite conditions considered life‐threatening by clinicians, participants believed they still had time. They hoped that their illnesses would remain stable, although specific experiences made them think they might be worsening. All expected that their doctors would tell them when their illnesses became life‐threatening. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 349–358, 2013
Solution NMR resonance assignment strategies for β‐barrel membrane proteins
Authors: Fox Daniel A. , Columbus Linda 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMembrane proteins in detergent micelles are large and dynamic complexes that present challenges for solution NMR investigations such as spectral overlap and line broadening. In this study, multiple methods are introduced to facilitate resonance assignment of β‐barrel membrane proteins using Opa60 from Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a model system. Opa60 is an eight‐stranded β‐barrel with long extracellular loops (∼63% of the protein) that engage host receptors and induce engulfment of the bacterium. The NMR spectra of Opa60 in detergent micelles exhibits significant spectral overlap and resonances corresponding to the loop regions had variable line widths, which interfered with a complete assignment of the protein. To assign the β‐barrel residues, trypsin cleavage was used to remove much of the extracellular loops while preserving the detergent solubilized β‐barrel. The removal of the loop resonances significantly improved the assignment of the Opa60 β‐barrel region (97% of the resonances corresponding to the β‐barrel and periplasmic turns were assigned). For the loop resonance assignments, two strategies were implemented; modulating temperature and synthetic peptides. Lowering the temperature broadened many peaks beyond detection and simplified the spectra to only the most dynamic regions of the loops facilitating 27 loop resonances to be assigned. To further assign functionally important and unstructured regions of the extracellular loops, a synthetic 20 amino acid peptide was synthesized and had nearly complete spectral overlap with the full‐length protein allowing 17 loop resonances to be assigned. Collectively, these strategies are effective tools that may accelerate solution NMR structure determination of β‐barrel membrane proteins.
Insecticide susceptibilities in populations of two rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, immigrating into Japan in the period 2005–2012
Authors: Matsumura Masaya , Sanada‐Morimura Sachiyo , Otuka Akira , Ohtsu Reiko , Sakumoto Shinji , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Satoh Masaru 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera are both important pests on rice throughout Asia. The major cause of recent outbreaks is thought to be the development of insecticide resistance. Thus, the authors monitored insecticide susceptibilities in populations of these two insects immigrating into Japan in the period 2005–2012. Ten insecticides were tested, including members of the organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid and phenylpyrazole groups.RESULTSThe LD50 values of N. lugens against imidacloprid increased from 2005 (0.7 µg g−1) to 2012 (98.5 µg g−1). The resistance ratio (LD50 value in 2012/baseline LD50 value in 1992) was 615.5. In contrast, LD50 values of N. lugens against fipronil were <1.0 µg g−1 up to 2012, suggesting that N. lugens had developed no insecticide resistance to this insecticide. However, S. furcifera exhibited resistance against fipronil up to 2012. Except for the case of malathion, the resistances of N. lugens against members of the organophosphate and carbamate groups were closely similar in the period 2005–2012 to earlier determinations in 1984 and 1985.CONCLUSIONSpecies‐specific insecticide resistance (imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens and fipronil resistance in S. furcifera) is ongoing in populations of the two planthoppers immigrating into Japan. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Atomistic simulations on the mechanical properties of silicene nanoribbons under uniaxial tension
Authors: Jing Yuhang , Sun Yi , Niu Hongwei , Shen Jun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe mechanical properties of silicene are investigated using ab initio calculation and molecular dynamics simulations with different empirical potentials. The simulation results show that the calculated Young's modulus of bulk silicene with EDIP model is consistent with the ab initio calculations. The chirality has a significant effect on the critical strain and stress of bulk silicene under uniaxial tension. In addition, the Young's modulus depends strongly on the chirality and size of the silicene nanoribbon due to the edge effects. The fracture process of a silicene nanoribbon is also studied.
Aligned silicon nanowires with fine‐tunable tilting angles by metal‐assisted chemical etching on off‐cut wafers
Authors: Ma Jie , Wen Liping , Dong Zhichao , Zhang Tong , Wang Shutao , Jiang Lei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe morphology control of aligned silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is highly desirable as SiNWs demonstrated high prospect in a variety of applications. Besides the control over length, shape and distribution of aligned SiNWs, the fine‐tuning of tilting angles thereof also attracted intense interest. Up to now, only several discrete tilting angles have been reported. In this Letter, the ability to fine‐tune the tilting angle of SiNWs is demonstrated and the range that can be achieved is identified. Our technique employs the anisotropic characteristic of the etching process using custom‐produced off‐cut Si wafers of various orientations as substrates. With this technique, a uniquely favoured etching direction can result and the tilting angle can be precisely controlled. Tilted SiNWs with tilting angles from 0° to 50° relative to the wafer normal were obtained. The mechanism of the tilting angle manipulation is also discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robotic‐assisted hepatic resection: a systematic review
Authors: Pelletier Jean‐Sébastien , Gill Richdeep S. , Shi Xinzhe , Birch Daniel W. , Karmali Shahzeer 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, hepatic resections are being performed with robotic‐assisted systems. There is little evidence regarding the outcomes of this surgical approach. This study aims to systematically review the outcomes related to robotic‐assisted hepatic resections.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases was completed. All human studies, limited to adults, published between 2000 to August 2011 were included.ResultsEight studies yielded a total of 170 procedures. The overall morbidity rate was 11.6% (range 0–39%). There were no mortalities reported following robotic‐assisted hepatic resection. Mean operative time was 264.8 minutes, with a mean hospital length of stay of 7.8 days. Rate of conversion was 6.6%. Cost was greater than either laparoscopy or open hepatic surgery.ConclusionsOur systematic review suggests robotic‐assisted hepatic resection is safe and feasible, with low mortality and morbidity rates. Further research is needed to determine if oncological outcomes are similar. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Privacy in the Internet of Things: threats and challenges
Authors: Ziegeldorf Jan Henrik , Morchon Oscar Garcia , Wehrle Klaus 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe Internet of Things paradigm envisions the pervasive interconnection and cooperation of smart things over the current and future Internet infrastructure. The Internet of Things is, thus, the evolution of the Internet to cover the real world, enabling many new services that will improve people's everyday lives, spawn new businesses, and make buildings, cities, and transport smarter. Smart things allow indeed for ubiquitous data collection or tracking, but these useful features are also examples of privacy threats that are already now limiting the success of the Internet of Things vision when not implemented correctly. These threats involve new challenges such as the pervasive privacy‐aware management of personal data or methods to control or avoid ubiquitous tracking and profiling. This paper analyzes the privacy issues in the Internet of Things in detail. To this end, we first discuss the evolving features and trends in the Internet of Things with the goal of scrutinizing their privacy implications. Second, we classify and examine privacy threats in this new setting, pointing out the challenges that need to be overcome to ensure that the Internet of Things becomes a reality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contemplative Practices and the Renewal of Legal Education
Authors: Magee Rhonda V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis chapter describes the nascent development of a contemplative approach to law and legal education. It describes some of the notable innovations—inspiring new courses and cocurricular offerings—that have been increasingly observed among law schools and argues that because these reforms respond to a range of criticisms of the legal profession they merit further research and support among legal educators.
Crown−rump length discordance in the first trimester: a predictor of adverse outcome in twin pregnancies?
Authors: Johansen M. L. , Oldenburg A. , Rosthøj S. , Maxild J. Cohn , Rode L. , Tabor A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the usefulness of first‐trimester crown−rump length (CRL) discordance in predicting adverse outcome in twin pregnancies.MethodsThis retrospective study included a large cohort retrieved from local ultrasound databases at 14 obstetric departments in Denmark, comprising all twin pregnancies with two live fetuses scanned between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation during the period 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2006. The association between CRL discordance ≥ 10 % and adverse outcome was evaluated.ResultsAmong 1993 twin pregnancies, 1733 were dichorionic (156 (9%) discordant; 1577 (91%) concordant) and 260 were monochorionic (32 (12%) discordant; 228 (88%) concordant). In dichorionic twin pregnancies we found an association between CRL discordance ≥ 10% and preterm delivery before 34 weeks' gestation (P = 0.007), birth weight discordance (P = 0.001) and mean birth weight (P = 0.033). In monochorionic twin pregnancies we found an association between CRL discordance ≥ 10% and birth weight discordance (P = 0.02) and mean birth weight (P = 0.03). To evaluate CRL discordance as a predictor of fetal loss and preterm delivery before 34 weeks' gestation, receiver−operating characteristics curves were created for each outcome. For CRL discordance ≥ 10% as a predictor of fetal loss and preterm delivery in dichorionic twin pregnancies, sensitivity was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.06−0.28) and 0.14 (95% CI, 0.10−0.18), respectively, and in monochorionic twin pregnancies it was 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03−0.22) and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.06−0.26), respectively.ConclusionsCRL discordance in twin pregnancies is associated with, but is not a strong predictor of, adverse outcome. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Can rectal endoscopic sonography be used to predict infiltration depth in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum?
Authors: Rossi L. , Palazzo L. , Yazbeck C. , Walker F. , Chis C. , Luton D. , Koskas M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rectal endoscopic sonography (RES) in the prediction of the infiltration depth of rectal endometriosis and to ascertain whether RES could be used to choose between segmental bowel resection and a more conservative approach, such as shaving or discoid resection.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 38 consecutive patients with symptomatic deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection were included. RES results for infiltration depth of rectal endometriosis were compared with results of pathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) and test accuracy were calculated for the presence of infiltration of the muscularis layers and submucosal/mucosal layers, as demonstrated by RES and confirmed by histopathological analysis.ResultsFor the detection of muscularis layer infiltration by endometriosis, the PPV of RES was 100%, whereas for the detection of submucosal/mucosal layer involvement, the sensitivity was 89%, specificity was 26%, PPV was 55%, NPV was 71%, test accuracy was 58% and positive and negative LRs were 1.21 and 0.40, respectively.ConclusionsRES is a valuable tool for detecting rectal endometriosis as endometriotic infiltration of the muscularis layer can be predicted accurately. However, RES is less accurate in detecting submucosal/mucosal layer involvement and cannot, therefore, be used to choose between bowel resection and a more conservative approach. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Non‐mRNA 3′ end formation: how the other half lives
Authors: Peart Natoya , Sataluri Anupama , Baillat David , Wagner Eric J. 
Published: June 2013

The release of nascent RNA from transcribing RNA polymerase complexes is required for all further functions carried out by RNA molecules. The elements and processing machinery involved in 3′ end formation therefore represent key determinants in the biogenesis and accumulation of cellular RNA. While these factors have been well‐characterized for messenger RNA, recent work has elucidated analogous pathways for the 3′ end formation of other important cellular RNA. Here, we discuss four specific cases of non‐mRNA 3′ end formation—metazoan small nuclear RNA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae small nuclear RNA, Schizosaccharomyces pombe telomerase RNA, and the mammalian MALAT1 large noncoding RNA—as models of alternative mechanisms to generate RNA 3′ ends. Comparison of these disparate processing pathways reveals an emerging theme of evolutionary ingenuity. In some instances, evidence for the creation of a dedicated processing complex exists; while in others, components are utilized from the existing RNA processing machinery and modified to custom fit the unique needs of the RNA substrate. Regardless of the details of how non‐mRNA 3′ ends are formed, the lengths to which biological systems will go to release nascent transcripts from their DNA templates are fundamental for cell survival.WIREs RNA 2013, 4:491–506. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1181This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
Posttranscriptional regulation of retroviral gene expression: primary RNA transcripts play three roles as pre‐mRNA, mRNA, and genomic RNA
Authors: LeBlanc Jason , Weil Jason , Beemon Karen 
Published: June 2013

After reverse transcription of the retroviral RNA genome and integration of the DNA provirus into the host genome, host machinery is used for viral gene expression along with viral proteins and RNA regulatory elements. Here, we discuss co‐transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of retroviral gene expression, comparing simple and complex retroviruses. Cellular RNA polymerase II synthesizes full‐length viral primary RNA transcripts that are capped and polyadenylated. All retroviruses generate a singly spliced env mRNA from this primary transcript, which encodes the viral glycoproteins. In addition, complex viral RNAs are alternatively spliced to generate accessory proteins, such as Rev, which is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of HIV‐1 RNA. Importantly, the splicing of all retroviruses is incomplete; they must maintain and export a fraction of their primary RNA transcripts. This unspliced RNA functions both as the major mRNA for Gag and Pol proteins and as the packaged genomic RNA. Different retroviruses export their unspliced viral RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by either Tap‐dependent or Rev/CRM1‐dependent routes. Translation of the unspliced mRNA involves frame‐shifting or termination codon suppression so that the Gag proteins, which make up the capsid, are expressed more abundantly than the Pol proteins, which are the viral enzymes. After the viral polyproteins assemble into viral particles and bud from the cell membrane, a viral encoded protease cleaves them. Some retroviruses have evolved mechanisms to protect their unspliced RNA from decay by nonsense‐mediated RNA decay and to prevent genome editing by the cellular APOBEC deaminases. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:567–580. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1179This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Export and Localization > Nuclear Export/Import
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Hard forest edges act as conduits, not filters, for bats
Authors: Kalcounis‐Rueppell Matina C. , Briones Kim M. , Homyack Jessica A. , Petric Radmila , Marshall Matthew M. , Miller Darren A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHigh levels of bat activity have been reported at forest edges worldwide, but few studies have examined the ecological function of edges as a linear landscape feature. Patterns of association of bats at edges between old and young forest stands (hard edges) could be a result of edges acting as either a semi‐permeable barrier or a filter to movement into the forest between different‐aged forest stands for bats (or their insect prey), causing an accumulation of bat activity along the edge. Alternatively, edges may be a linear landscape feature similar to roads and riparian corridors that bats use as flight conduits as they move from one place to another. Using ultrasound microphone arrays and recording equipment, we were able to determine flight patterns of bats at hard edges within a landscape of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation in eastern North Carolina, USA, during 2009. Across edges and species sampled, bats consistently flew parallel to edges, suggesting that edges act as conduits for bats. Feeding rates of bats at edges were low, further supporting use of edges as conduits for bats that are either flying along edges to move to and from roosting and foraging habitat patches or moving among foraging patches. Continuous edges should be maintained between linear and nonlinear landscape features, especially where known roosting and foraging areas are being connected by an edge. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Extended Lymphadenectomy in Colon Cancer is Crucial
Authors: Kessler Hermann , Hohenberger Werner 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNo one doubts that lymph node dissection in colon cancer is necessary, it is just the extent of that dissection that is still under debate. As the individual steps of an oncologic operation cannot be separated from each other, analysis of the significance of lymph node dissection alone is difficult. It has been proven that the T category is directly related to the number and central spread of lymph node metastases. Micrometastases and isolated tumor cells may be detected in lymph nodes by using special staining techniques; their presence may worsen prognosis significantly and approximate it to UICC stage III. The numbers of dissected lymph nodes and the ratio of involved versus dissected lymph nodes have been used as markers for quality of surgery and histopathological evaluation. Recent results underscore the importance of technique and extent of dissection. Dissection must be performed along the embryologic planes of the mesocolon and leave them intact. A high vascular tie with preservation of the central hypogastric nerves must be applied in order to achieve the best oncologic results while preserving quality of life. Extended lymphadenectomy is oncologically relevant only when it is combined with removal of the primary tumor with adequate longitudinal clearance, an intact complete mesocolon, and high vascular tie. It is part of a concept in which the tumor‐bearing specimen is harvested as an enveloped package to minimize the risk of tumor cell spillage and local recurrence.