bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self make-up: the influence of self-referential processing on attention orienting
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Uono Shota , Yoshimura Sayaka , Toichi Motomi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor humans, both eye gaze and arrows serve as powerful signals for orienting attention. Recent studies have shown important differences between gaze and arrows in attention orienting; however, the mechanisms underlying these differences are not known. One such mechanism may be self-referential processing. To investigate this possibility, we trained participants to associate two cues (a red and green arrow in Experiment 1A and two different faces in Experiment 1B) with distinct words (“self” and “other”). Then, we manipulated two types of sound (voice and tone) as targets to investigate whether the cueing effect to self- and other-referential cues differs in a manner similar to that reported for gaze and arrows. We found that self-, but not other-, referential cues induced an enhanced cueing effect to the voice target relative to the tone target regardless of the cue characteristic (i.e., biological or non-biological). Our results suggest that the difference between gaze and arrows in orienting attention can be explained, at least in part, by the self-referentiality of gaze. Furthermore, in Experiment 2, we found a reverse cueing pattern between gaze and arrow cues by manipulating subjects’ experiences, suggesting that differences in the self-referentiality of gaze and arrow cues are not inherent.
Combining Small-Vertebrate, Marine and Stable-Isotope Data to Reconstruct Past Environments
Authors: Rofes Juan , Garcia-Ibaibarriaga Naroa , Aguirre Mikel , Martínez-García Blanca , Ortega Luis , Zuluaga María Cruz , Bailon Salvador , Alonso-Olazabal Ainhoa , Castaños Jone , Murelaga Xabier 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThree very different records are combined here to reconstruct the evolution of environments in the Cantabrian Region during the Upper Pleistocene, covering ~35.000 years. Two of these records come from Antoliñako Koba (Bizkaia, Spain), an exceptional prehistoric deposit comprising 9 chrono-cultural units (Aurignacian to Epipaleolithic). The palaeoecological signal of small-vertebrate communities and red deer stable-isotope data (δ13C and δ15N) from this mainland site are contrasted to marine microfaunal evidence (planktonic and benthic foraminifers, ostracods and δ18O data) gathered at the southern Bay of Biscay. Many radiocarbon dates for the Antoliña’s sequence, made it possible to compare the different proxies among them and with other well-known North-Atlantic records. Cooling and warming events regionally recorded, mostly coincide with the climatic evolution of the Upper Pleistocene in the north hemisphere.
Post-conflict affiliation as conflict management in captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Yamamoto Chisato , Morisaka Tadamichi , Furuta Keisuke , Ishibashi Toshiaki , Yoshida Akihiko , Taki Michihiro , Mori Yoshihisa , Amano Masao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPost-conflict affiliation between former opponents or between one of the former opponents and bystanders might have the function of conflict management, which reduces the costs associated with aggressions. One of the suggested functions of post-conflict affiliation is decreased renewed aggressions directed from aggressors to victims. However, the effect of post-conflict affiliation on renewed aggressions by victims has not been investigated. We examined whether post-conflict affiliations decreased the number of renewed aggressions initiated by winners or losers in captive bottlenose dolphins. Both winners and losers initiated renewed aggressions. However, these aggressions decreased after post-conflict affiliation between former opponents, initiated by bystanders to winners, initiated by losers to bystanders and initiated by bystanders to losers. Post-conflict affiliation between former opponents is suggested to function as reconciliation. Post–conflict affiliation initiated by losers to bystanders is suggested to function as the protection of losers. Post-conflict affiliations initiated by bystanders to one of former opponents are suggested to function as both appeasement and protection of the opponent who affiliates with bystanders.
Surface-Engineered Graphene Quantum Dots Incorporated into Polymer Layers for High Performance Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Jung Kyu , Kim Sang Jin , Park Myung Jin , Bae Sukang , Cho Sung-Pyo , Du Qing Guo , Wang Dong Hwan , Park Jong Hyeok , Hong Byung Hee 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs), a newly emerging 0-dimensional graphene based material, have been widely exploited in optoelectronic devices due to their tunable optical and electronic properties depending on their functional groups. Moreover, the dispersibility of GQDs in common solvents depending on hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity can be controlled by chemical functionalization, which is particularly important for homogeneous incorporation into various polymer layers. Here we report that a surface-engineered GQD-incorporated polymer photovoltaic device shows enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE), where the oxygen-related functionalization of GQDs enabled good dispersity in a PEDOT:PSS hole extraction layer, leading to significantly improved short circuit current density (Jsc) value. To maximize the PCE of the device, hydrophobic GQDs that are hydrothermally reduced (rGQD) were additionally incorporated in a bulk-heterojunction layer, which is found to promote a synergistic effect with the GQD-incorporated hole extraction layer.
T cell immunity to glatiramer acetate ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating the microenvironment
Authors: Chen Li , Yao Yang , Wei Changjuan , Sun Yanan , Ma Xiaofeng , Zhang Rongxin , Xu Xiaolin , Hao Junwei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive and highly prevalent disorder. However, in a very large majority of cases, a milieu of cellular and molecular events common for multiple neurodegenerative diseases is involved. Our work focused on whether the immunomodulating effect of glatiramer acetate (GA) could restore normalcy to the microenvironment and ameliorate cognitive decline induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We assessed cognitive function by rats’ performance in a Morris water maze (MWM), electrophysiological recordings and by pathologic changes. The results suggest that GA reduced cognitive deficits by reestablishing an optimal microenvironment such as increasing expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and modulating the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in the hippocampus. When microenvironmental homeostasis is restored, cholinergic activity becomes involved in ameliorating cellular damage. Since vaccination with GA can boost “protective autoimmunity” in this way, a similar strategy may have therapeutic potential for alleviating VaD disease.
A novel microtubule de-stabilizing complementarity-determining region C36L1 peptide displays antitumor activity against melanoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Figueiredo Carlos R. , Matsuo Alisson L. , Azevedo Ricardo A. , Massaoka Mariana H. , Girola Natalia , Polonelli Luciano , Travassos Luiz R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractShort peptide sequences from complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of different immunoglobulins may exert anti-infective, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities regardless of the specificity of the original monoclonal antibody (mAb). In this sense, they resemble early molecules of innate immunity. C36L1 was identified as a bioactive light-chain CDR1 peptide by screening 19 conserved CDR sequences targeting murine B16F10-Nex2 melanoma. The 17-amino acid peptide is readily taken up by melanoma cells and acts on microtubules causing depolymerization, stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and intrinsic apoptosis. At low concentrations, C36L1 inhibited migration, invasion and proliferation of B16F10-Nex2 cells with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling axis involving Rho-GTPase and PTEN mediation. Peritumor injection of the peptide delayed growth of subcutaneously grafted melanoma cells. Intraperitoneal administration of C36L1 induced a significant immune-response dependent anti-tumor protection in a syngeneic metastatic melanoma model. Dendritic cells stimulated ex-vivo by the peptide and transferred to animals challenged with tumor cells were equally effective. The C36 VL CDR1 peptide is a promising microtubule-interacting drug that induces tumor cell death by apoptosis and inhibits metastases of highly aggressive melanoma cells.
Visualization of expanding warm dense gold and diamond heated rapidly by laser-generated ion beams
Authors: Bang W. , Albright B. J. , Bradley P. A. , Gautier D. C. , Palaniyappan S. , Vold E. L. , Cordoba M. A. Santiago , Hamilton C. E. , Fernández J. C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith the development of several novel heating sources, scientists can now heat a small sample isochorically above 10,000 K. Although matter at such an extreme state, known as warm dense matter, is commonly found in astrophysics (e.g., in planetary cores) as well as in high energy density physics experiments, its properties are not well understood and are difficult to predict theoretically. This is because the approximations made to describe condensed matter or high-temperature plasmas are invalid in this intermediate regime. A sufficiently large warm dense matter sample that is uniformly heated would be ideal for these studies, but has been unavailable to date. Here we have used a beam of quasi-monoenergetic aluminum ions to heat gold and diamond foils uniformly and isochorically. For the first time, we visualized directly the expanding warm dense gold and diamond with an optical streak camera. Furthermore, we present a new technique to determine the initial temperature of these heated samples from the measured expansion speeds of gold and diamond into vacuum. We anticipate the uniformly heated solid density target will allow for direct quantitative measurements of equation-of-state, conductivity, opacity and stopping power of warm dense matter, benefiting plasma physics, astrophysics and nuclear physics.
Predictive diagnosis of the risk of breast cancer recurrence after surgery by single-particle quantum dot imaging
Authors: Gonda Kohsuke , Miyashita Minoru , Higuchi Hideo , Tada Hiroshi , Watanabe Tomonobu M. , Watanabe Mika , Ishida Takanori , Ohuchi Noriaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn breast cancer, the prognosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients (20–25%) has been dramatically improved by the clinical application of the anti-HER2 antibody drugs trastuzumab and pertuzumab. However, the clinical outcomes of HER2-negative cases with a poor prognosis have not improved and novel therapeutic antibody drugs or diagnostic molecular markers of prognosis are urgently needed. Here, we targeted protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) as a new biomarker for HER2-negative patients. The developed anti-PAR1 antibody inhibited PAR1 activation by matrix metalloprotease 1 and thereby prevented cancer-cell migration and invasion. To estimate PAR1 expression levels in HER2-negative patient tissues using the antibody, user-friendly immunohistochemistry with fluorescence nanoparticles or quantum dots (QDs) was developed. Previously, immunohistochemistry with QDs was affected by tissue autofluorescence, making quantitative measurement extremely difficult. We significantly improved the quantitative sensitivity of immunohistochemistry with QDs by using an autofluorescence-subtracted image and single-QD imaging. The immunohistochemistry showed that PAR1 expression was strongly correlated with relapse-free survival time in HER2-negative breast cancer patients. Therefore, the developed anti-PAR1 antibody is a strong candidate for use as an anticancer drug and a prognostic biomarker for HER2-negative patients.
Shared functional defect in IP3R-mediated calcium signaling in diverse monogenic autism syndromes
Authors: Schmunk G , Boubion B J , Smith I F , Parker I , Gargus J J 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 2% of children, and is characterized by impaired social and communication skills together with repetitive, stereotypic behavior. The pathophysiology of ASD is complex due to genetic and environmental heterogeneity, complicating the development of therapies and making diagnosis challenging. Growing genetic evidence supports a role of disrupted Ca2+ signaling in ASD. Here, we report that patient-derived fibroblasts from three monogenic models of ASD—fragile X and tuberous sclerosis TSC1 and TSC2 syndromes—display depressed Ca2+ release through inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). This was apparent in Ca2+ signals evoked by G protein-coupled receptors and by photoreleased IP3 at the levels of both global and local elementary Ca2+ events, suggesting fundamental defects in IP3R channel activity in ASD. Given the ubiquitous involvement of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling in neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, gene expression and neurodevelopment, we propose dysregulated IP3R signaling as a nexus where genes altered in ASD converge to exert their deleterious effect. These findings highlight potential pharmaceutical targets, and identify Ca2+ screening in skin fibroblasts as a promising technique for early detection of individuals susceptible to ASD.
The Effects of Aquatic Plyometric Training on Repeated Jumps, Drop Jumps and Muscle Damage
Authors: Jurado-Lavanant A. , Alvero-Cruz J. , Pareja-Blanco F. , Melero-Romero C. , Rodríguez-Rosell D. , Fernandez-Garcia J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of land- vs. aquatic based plyometric training programs on the drop jump, repeated jump performance and muscle damage. Sixty-five male students were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: aquatic plyometric training group (APT), plyometric training group (PT) and control group (CG). Both experimental groups trained twice a week for 10 weeks performing the same number of sets and total jumps. The following variables were measured prior to, halfway through and after the training programs: creatine kinase (CK) concentration, maximal height during a drop jump from the height of 30 (DJ30) and 50 cm (DJ50), and mean height during a repeated vertical jump test (RJ). The training program resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01–0.001) in RJ, DJ30, and DJ50 for PT, whereas neither APT nor CG reached any significant improvement APT showed likely/possibly improvements on DJ30 and DJ50, respectively. Greater intra-group Effect Size in CK was found for PT when compared to APT. In conclusion, although APT seems to be a safe alternative method for reducing the stress produced on the musculoskeletal system by plyometric training, PT produced greater gains on reactive jumps performance than APT.
“Teach like you do in America”—personal reflections from teaching across borders in Tanzania and Germany
Authors: Waters Tony 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article is a personal commentary about experiences teaching across national and disciplinary borders in the United States, Tanzania and Germany. Highlighted are national differences in learning, teaching, testing and writing. The article concludes that the ferment in such “provincial” universities where the author taught is likely to drive developments in how disciplines continue to develop in the world’s rapidly expanding university systems.
Compared to men, women view professional advancement as equally attainable, but less desirable
Authors: Gino Francesca , Wilmuth Caroline Ashley , Brooks Alison Wood 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceWe identify a profound and consistent gender gap in people’s core life goals. Across nine studies using diverse sample populations (executives in high-power positions, recent graduates of a top MBA program, undergraduate students, and online panels of working adults) and over 4,000 participants, we find that, compared to men, women have a higher number of life goals, place less importance on power-related goals, associate more negative outcomes (e.g., time constraints and tradeoffs) with high-power positions, perceive power as less desirable, and are less likely to take advantage of opportunities for professional advancement. Women view high-level positions as equally attainable as men do, but less desirable. Our findings advance the science of gender, goals, organizational behavior, and decision making.
Core formation and core composition from coupled geochemical and geophysical constraints
Authors: Badro James , Brodholt John P. , Piet Hélène , Siebert Julien , Ryerson Frederick J. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
We combine, for the first time to our knowledge, two approaches to study Earth’s core composition: a geochemical approach based on trace element depletion in the mantle and a geophysical approach based on a seismically lighter and faster (than pure iron−nickel) core. The joint approach allows making strong statements; first of all, as opposed to the current belief, Earth must have accreted material that is more oxidized than the present-day mantle, similar to that of planetesimals such as 4-Vesta, and got reduced to its present state during core formation. Secondly, core light-element concentrations in those conditions are 2.7% to 5% oxygen alongside 2% to 3.6% silicon; the oxygen concentrations in the core are higher than previously thought, and, conversely, silicon concentrations are lower than previous estimates.
Formation of interference-sensitive meiotic cross-overs requires sufficient DNA leading-strand elongation
Authors: Huang Jiyue , Cheng Zhihao , Wang Cong , Hong Yue , Su Hang , Wang Jun , Copenhaver Gregory P. , Ma Hong , Wang Yingxiang 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceMeiosis is essential for eukaryotic sexual reproduction, and meiotic recombination redistributes genetic variations among progeny. Homologous recombination is also important for DNA repair and genome stability. Current recombination models include DNA synthesis, particularly leading-strand synthesis, but its role has not been tested experimentally. Here, we showed that mutations in a DNA polymerase required for leading-strand elongation caused reduced fertility, defects in meiotic chromosome fragmentation and segregation, and reduction of interference-sensitive cross-overs (COs). Because the majority of meiotic COs are produced from the interference-sensitive pathway in budding yeast, mammals, and flowering plants, the discovery of leading-strand elongation in the differentiation of meiotic recombination pathways has important implications in understanding of human reproductive health and crop breeding.
Competition and allostery govern substrate selectivity of cyclooxygenase-2
Authors: Mitchener Michelle M. , Hermanson Daniel J. , Shockley Erin M. , Brown H. Alex , Lindsley Craig W. , Reese Jeff , Rouzer Carol A. , Lopez Carlos F. , Marnett Lawrence J. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The cyclooxygenase enzymes perform the initial steps in the synthesis of prostaglandins, potent signaling molecules with diverse physiological functions. Recent data have suggested that these enzymes, although structural homodimers, act as functional heterodimers. Herein, we demonstrate that the heterodimeric nature of cyclooxygenase-2 leads to differential allosteric regulation of the enzyme by two of its substrates, arachidonic acid and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. We provide the first evidence (to our knowledge) that fatty acid-based modulation of COX-2 activity occurs in cellular settings. These findings demonstrate the complexity of the interaction of multiple substrates with COX-2, which involves competition for both the catalytic and allosteric sites in addition to differential allosteric regulation.
Urine excretion strategy for stem cell-generated embryonic kidneys
Authors: Yokote Shinya , Matsunari Hitomi , Iwai Satomi , Yamanaka Shuichiro , Uchikura Ayuko , Fujimoto Eisuke , Matsumoto Kei , Nagashima Hiroshi , Kobayashi Eiji , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Worldwide, the number of patients with end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy is increasing because of the shortage of donor organs. We have successfully generated functional kidneys from human stem cells using the organogenic niche method. However, for these kidneys to have clinical application, a urinary excretion pathway is necessary. Using pigs, we demonstrated our stepwise peristaltic ureter system, showing that it resolves important problems regarding the construction of the urine excretion pathway and the long-term growth of the stem cell-generated embryonic kidneys.
Plasma DNA tissue mapping by genome-wide methylation sequencing for noninvasive prenatal, cancer, and transplantation assessments
Authors: Sun Kun , Jiang Peiyong , Chan K. C. Allen , Wong John , Cheng Yvonne K. Y. , Liang Raymond H. S. , Chan Wai-kong , Ma Edmond S. K. , Chan Stephen L. , Cheng Suk Hang , Chan Rebecca W. Y. , Tong Yu K. , Ng Simon S. M. , Wong Raymond S. M. , Hui David S. C. , Leung Tse Ngong , Leung Tak Y. , Lai Paul B. S. , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Plasma consists of DNA released from multiple tissues within the body. Using genome-wide bisulfite sequencing of plasma DNA, we obtained a bird’s eye view of the identities and contributions of these tissues to the circulating DNA pool. The tissue contributors and their relative proportions are identified by a bioinformatics deconvolution process that draws reference from DNA methylation signatures representative of each tissue type. We validated this approach in pregnant women, cancer patients, and transplant recipients. This method also allows one to identify the tissue of origin of genomic aberrations observed in plasma DNA. This approach has numerous research and diagnostic applications in prenatal testing, oncology, transplantation monitoring, and other fields.
Disease-proportional proteasomal degradation of missense dystrophins
Authors: Talsness Dana M. , Belanto Joseph J. , Ervasti James M. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies occur at a frequency of 1:4,000 live male births. Patients experience progressive muscle weakness and often succumb to cardiac or respiratory failure. Many laboratories are investigating potential treatments, including several therapies that target subsets of patients with certain types of mutations. Yet there are currently no treatments specific to patients with missense mutations in the affected protein, dystrophin. Here, we have shown missense mutant dystrophin is degraded by the cell, which can be prevented by several small molecules targeting the cellular degradation machinery. In addition to determining disease mechanism, this work has generated new cell-based models that may aid in the discovery of personalized medicines for dystrophinopathy patients afflicted with missense mutations.
Kantian fractionalization predicts the conflict propensity of the international system
Authors: Cranmer Skyler J. , Menninga Elizabeth J. , Mucha Peter J. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Many studies in international relations have investigated relationships between pairs of countries and the likelihood of conflict, yet none have connected the overall structure of the network of relationships between countries with the total level of international conflict. Here, we blaze a new path in the study of international conflict by introducing a measure of the overall fractionalization in the network of international relationships which we call Kantian fractionalization and demonstrating that this measure has been closely correlated with the number of new international conflicts in the following year. Moreover, we show that jointly democratic pairs of countries contribute negligibly to Kantian fractionalization, casting doubt on one of the most prominent concepts in international relations and policy prescriptions in Washington.