bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Course of Blood Parameters in Printing Workers with Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kumagai Shinji , Kurumatani Norio , Arimoto Akira , Ichihara Gaku 
Published: May 2014

Time Course of Blood Parameters in Printing Workers with Cholangiocarcinoma: Shinji KUMAGAI, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan—ObjectivesWe previously reported a cluster of cholangiocarcinoma patients among proof‐printing workers who were exposed to 1,2‐DCP for a long term. The present study was conducted to evaluate blood parameters in these proof‐printing workers during and after exposure.MethodsHealth examination records during employment and after retirement were obtained for ten cholangiocarcinoma patients to analyze their blood parameters. The patients and/or their relatives were also interviewed about lifestyle and occupational history.ResultsAll study patients were exposed to 1,2‐DCP for 6−17 years. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose were within the standard ranges for almost all patients, but the γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GTP) levels exceeded the standard range during 1,2‐DCP exposure for six patients. Two of the six patients were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma during 1,2‐DCP exposure, and the other four patients were diagnosed 1−9 years after termination of exposure. The remaining four patients had γ‐GTP levels within the standard range during 1,2‐DCP exposure, but had increased γ‐GTP levels thereafter, and were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma 4−10 years after termination of exposure. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels started to increase following the increase in γ‐GTP levels.ConclusionsWorkers exposed to 1,2‐DCP should be provided with periodic health examinations during and after exposure. In the examination, even small increases in γ‐GTP levels should be considered a signal of early development of cholangiocarcinoma.
A Dislocation Pile-Up Computation for Adiabatic Shear Banding
Authors: Antolovich Stephen D. , Armstrong Ronald W. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA model is presented for computing the temperature increase associated with the formation of an adiabatic shear band. The hypothesis is that the heating is supplied by the difference in energy of a pile-up of n dislocations and the energy of n individual dislocations. The heating is assumed to occur within a volume determined by the grain size (i.e. slip band length) and an effective thermal length determined by the dislocation velocity. The model predicts increases in temperature with increasing shear modulus (G), increasing numbers of piled up dislocations (n), increasing Burgers vector (b), increased grain size (d), and increased dislocation velocity (vd). Increasing temperature is also predicted with decreasing heat capacity (c*) and thermal diffusivity (α) as would be expected. The model was applied to low carbon steel for which considerable data are available. Application to low carbon steel gives a temperature increase of about 1400K. The implied result that untempered martensite should be observed after adiabatic shear banding is in agreement with examples cited in the literature. Further investigation into the dynamics of pile-up release and the associated heat transfer mechanisms is discussed.
A Metabolic–Epidemiological Microsimulation Model to Estimate the Changes in Energy Intake and Physical Activity Necessary to Meet the Healthy People 2020 Obesity Objective
Authors: Basu Sanjay , Seligman Hilary , Winkleby Marilyn 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We combined a metabolic and an epidemiological model of obesity to estimate changes in calorie intake and physical activity necessary to achieve the Healthy People 2020 objective of reducing adult obesity prevalence from 33.9% to 30.5%. Methods. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2010) to construct and validate a microsimulation model of the US population aged 10 years and older, for 2010 to 2020. Results. Obesity prevalence is expected to shift toward older adults, and disparities are expected to widen between White, higher-income groups and minority, lower-income groups if recent calorie consumption and expenditure trends continue into the future. Although a less than 10% reduction in daily calorie intake or increase in physical activity would in theory achieve the Healthy People 2020 objective, no single population-level intervention is likely to achieve the target alone, and individual weight-loss attempts are even more unlikely to achieve the target. Conclusions. Changes in calorie intake and physical activity portend rising inequalities in obesity prevalence. These changes require multiple simultaneous population interventions.
Using Social Network Analysis to Clarify the Role of Obesity in Selection of Adolescent Friends
Authors: Schaefer David R. , Simpkins Sandra D. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We used social network analysis to examine how weight status affects friend selection, with an emphasis on homophily and the social marginalization of overweight youths. Methods. We used an exponential random graph model to assess the effects of body mass index (BMI) on friend selection while controlling for several alternative selection processes. Data were derived from 58 987 students in 88 US middle and high schools who took part in the 1994 to 1996 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results. On average, overweight youths were less likely than nonoverweight youths to be selected as a friend; however, this effect differed according to the BMI of the person initiating the friendship. Nonoverweight youths were 30% more likely to select a nonoverweight friend than an overweight friend, whereas overweight youths were largely indifferent to the weight status of their friends. Friendship ties from overweight youths to nonoverweight peers were more likely than ties in the reverse direction. Conclusions. We found evidence consistent with homophily and social marginalization but only for the selection behavior of nonoverweight youths. We conclude that avoidance of overweight friends is the primary determinant of friendship patterns related to BMI.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Among the Homeless Population of New York City Shelter-Based Clinics
Authors: Asgary Ramin , Garland Victoria , Jakubowski Andrea , Sckell Blanca 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We determined colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates, predictors, and barriers in 2 major New York City shelter-based clinics. Methods. We extracted screening rates, sociodemographic characteristics, and factors associated with homelessness from medical records of domiciled and homeless patients aged 50 years and older (n = 443) with at least 3 clinic visits between 2010 and 2012. Results. The majority of patients were African American or Hispanic, 76% were male, and 60.7% were homeless (mean = 2.4 years; SD = 2.8 years). Domiciled patients were more likely than homeless patients to be screened (41.3% vs 19.7%; P < .001). Homeless and domiciled patients received equal provider counseling, but more homeless patients declined screening (P < .001). In logistic regression, gender, race, duration of homelessness, insurance status, substance and alcohol abuse, chronic diseases, and mental health were not associated with screening, but housing, provider counseling, and older age were. Conclusions. Proposed interventions to improve CRC screening include respite shelter rooms for colonoscopy prepping, patient navigators to help navigate the health system and accompany patients to and from the procedure, counseling at all clinical encounters, and tailored patient education to address misconceptions.
Rates and Predictors of Suicidal Ideation During the First Year After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mackelprang Jessica L. , Bombardier Charles H. , Fann Jesse R. , Temkin Nancy R. , Barber Jason K. , Dikmen Sureyya S. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We examined rates of suicidal ideation (SI) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and investigated whether demographic characteristics, preinjury psychiatric history, or injury-related factors predicted SI during the first year after injury. Methods. We followed a cohort of 559 adult patients who were admitted to Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, Washington, with a complicated mild to severe TBI between June 2001 and March 2005. Participants completed structured telephone interviews during months 1 through 6, 8, 10, and 12 after injury. We assessed SI using item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results. Twenty-five percent of the sample reported SI during 1 or more assessment points. The strongest predictor of SI was the first PHQ-8 score (i.e., PHQ-9 with item 9 excluded) after injury. Other significant multivariate predictors included a history of a prior suicide attempt, a history of bipolar disorder, and having less than a high school education. Conclusions. Rates of SI among individuals who have sustained a TBI exceed those found among the general population. Increased knowledge of risk factors for SI may assist health care providers in identifying patients who may be vulnerable to SI after TBI.
Obesity and the Natural Environment Across US Counties
Authors: von Hippel Paul , Benson Rebecca 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We estimated the association between obesity and features of the natural environment. We asked whether the association is mediated by diet or by physical activity. Methods. Using county-level data from the contiguous United States, we regressed adult obesity prevalence on 9 measures of the natural environment. Our regression model accounted for spatial correlation, and controlled for county demographics and the built environment. We included physical activity and diet (proxied by food purchases) as potential mediators. Results. Obesity was more prevalent in counties that are hot in July or cold in January. To a lesser degree, obesity was more prevalent in counties that are dark in January or rainy (but not snowy) year-round. Other aspects of the natural environment—including wind, trees, waterfront, and hills and mountains—had little or no association with obesity. Nearly all of the association between obesity and the natural environment was mediated by physical activity; none was mediated by diet. Conclusions. Hot summers and cold winters appear to promote obesity by discouraging physical activity. Attempts to encourage physical activity should compensate for the effects of extreme temperatures.
Adding Evidence-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Strategies to a Statewide Wellness Campaign: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Leahey Tricia M. , Thomas Graham , Fava Joseph L. , Subak Leslee L. , Schembri Michael , Krupel Katie , Kumar Rajiv , Weinberg Brad , Wing Rena R. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We determined the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of adding an evidence-based Internet behavioral weight loss intervention alone or combined with optional group sessions to ShapeUp Rhode Island 2011 (SURI), a 3-month statewide wellness campaign.Methods. We randomized participants (n = 230; body mass index = 34.3 ±6.8 kg/m2; 84% female) to the standard SURI program (S) or to 1 of 2 enhanced programs: SURI plus Internet behavioral program (SI) or SI plus optional group sessions (SIG). The primary outcome was weight loss at the end of the 3-month program.Results. Weight losses differed among all 3 conditions (S: 1.1% ±0.9%; SI: 4.2% ±0.6%; SIG: 6.1% ±0.6%; Ps ≤ .04). Both SI and SIG increased the percentage of individuals who achieved a 5% weight loss (SI: 42%; SIG: 54%; S: 7%; Ps < .001). Cost per kilogram of weight loss was similar for S ($39) and SI ($35); both were lower than SIG ($114).Conclusions. Although weight losses were greatest at the end of SURI with optional group sessions, the addition of an Internet behavioral program was the most cost-effective method to enhance weight losses.
Gender-Specific Associations of Objective and Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics With Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Among Older Adults in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Bell Joshua A. , Hamer Mark , Shankar Aparna 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We sought to determine whether objective and perceived neighborhood characteristics are independently associated with obesity indicators among older adults and whether associations differ by gender. Methods. Linear regression was used to examine mutually adjusted associations of objective area-level neighborhood deprivation and perceived individual-level neighborhood disorder in 2002–2003 with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) 2 years later among 6297 community-dwelling older adults in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Results. Associations between neighborhood characteristics and obesity indicators were evident for women only. Being in the most deprived quintile of neighborhood deprivation was associated with a BMI that was 1.18 kilograms per meters squared higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54, 1.83) and a WC that was 2.42 centimeters higher (95% CI = 0.90, 3.94) at follow-up in women after adjustment for baseline health status, socioeconomic factors, and neighborhood disorder. Neighborhood disorder was not independently associated with BMI or WC. Conclusions. Among women, greater objective neighborhood deprivation was independently associated with higher BMI and WC after 2 years. Public efforts to reduce obesity among community-dwelling older women may benefit most from addressing objective residential characteristics, over and above subjective perceptions.
Evaluation of Bias in Estimates of Early Childhood Obesity From Parent-Reported Heights and Weights
Authors: Rendall Michael S. , Weden Margaret M. , Lau Christopher , Brownell Peter , Nazarov Zafar , Fernandes Meenakshi 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We evaluated bias in estimated obesity prevalence owing to error in parental reporting. We also evaluated bias mitigation through application of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s biologically implausible value (BIV) cutoffs. Methods. We simulated obesity prevalence of children aged 2 to 5 years in 2 panel surveys after counterfactually substituting parameters estimated from 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for prevalence of extreme height and weight and for proportions obese in extreme height or weight categories. Results. Heights reported below the first and fifth height-for-age percentiles explained between one half and two thirds, respectively, of total bias in obesity prevalence. Bias was reduced by one tenth when excluding cases with height-for-age and weight-for-age BIVs and by one fifth when excluding cases with body mass–index-for-age BIVs. Applying BIVs, however, resulted in incorrect exclusion of nonnegligible proportions of obese children. Conclusions. Correcting the reporting of children’s heights in the first percentile alone may reduce overestimation of early childhood obesity prevalence in surveys with parental reporting by one half to two thirds. Excluding BIVs has limited effectiveness in mitigating this bias.
Perspectives on the Role of Patient-Centered Medical Homes in HIV Care
Authors: Pappas Gregory , Yujiang Jia , Seiler Naomi , Malcarney Mary-Beth , Horton Katherine , Shaikh Irshad , Freehill Gunther , Alexander Carla , Akhter Mohammad N. , Hidalgo Julia 
Published: May 2014

To strengthen the quality of HIV care and achieve improved clinical outcomes, payers, providers, and policymakers should encourage the use of patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs), building on the Ryan White CARE Act Program established in the 1990s. The rationale for a PCMH with HIV-specific expertise is rooted in clinical complexity, HIV’s social context, and ongoing gaps in HIV care. Existing Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program clinicians are prime candidates to serve HIV PCMHs, and HIV-experienced community-based organizations can play an important role. Increasingly, state Medicaid programs are adopting a PCMH care model to improve access and quality to care. Stakeholders should consider several important areas for future action and research with regard to development of the HIV PCMH.
Double Axis Cephalocondylic Fixation of Stable and Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures: Early Results in 60 Cases with the Veronail System
Authors: Kouzelis Α. , Kravvas A. , Mylonas S. , Giannikas D. , Panagopoulos A. 
Published: May 2014

Introduction:This prospective case-series, without control group, study presents our early experience in the treatment of both stable and unstable peri-trochanteric fractures with a new cephalocondylic implant; the Veronail system.Materials & Methods:Enrolment in our study was from January 2008 through September 2009, with follow-up until October 2011 (at least 1 year). During this period 65 consecutively patients with a fracture in the trochanteric region of the femur (31.A1, A2 and A3 according to AO classification) were surgically managed and prospectively followed up for at least one year. Average age was 78 years old (range 42 to 93) with 40 female and 25 male patients. All patients were surgically treated using the Veronail system. Demographic and nursery data such as pre-existing illness, previous ambulatory status, type of anaesthesia, duration of surgery, volume of blood loss, transfusions, length of hospital stay, time to union and overall complications were systematically recorded and analysed.Results:Mean follow up was 17 months (range, 12 to 23 months). Radiological evaluation was performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, as well as at the last follow up visit. Clinical outcome was assessed using the parameters of Harris Hip score. Solid union was achieved in 57/60 patients (95%) at a mean time of 12.5 weeks. Two fractures did not progress to union. There were 3 superficial infections and 1 deep infection; all were successfully managed with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The Harris hip score at the last follow up visit was excellent or good in 46 (77%) of the patients.Conclusions:In the face of the good clinical and radiological results we consider the Veronail system to be of particular interest and perfectly adapted in primary surgery for both elderly and young patients.
Increase of Sodium Channels (Nav 1.8 and Nav 1.9) in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Exposed to Autologous Nucleus Pulposus
Authors: Watanabe Kazuyuki , Larsson Karin , Rydevik Björn , Konno Shin-ichi , Nordborg Claes , Olmarker Kjell 
Published: May 2014

Purpose:It has been assumed that nucleus pulposus-induced activation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) may be related to an activation of sodium channels in the DRG neurons. In this study we assessed the expression of Nav 1.8 and Nav 1.9 following disc puncture.Method:Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The L4/L5 disc was punctured by a needle (n=12) and compared to a sham group without disc puncture (n=12) and a naive group (n=6). At day 1 and 7, sections of the left L4 DRG were immunostained with anti-Nav 1.8 and Nav 1.9 antibodies.Result:At day 1 after surgery, both Nav 1.8-IR neurons and Nav 1.9-IR neurons were significantly increased in the disc puncture group compared to the sham and naive groups (p<0.05), but not at day 7.Conclusion:The findings in the present study demonstrate a neuronal mechanism that may be of importance in the pathophysiology of sciatic pain in disc herniation.
Practice effects on fast and accurate spatially constrained movements
Authors: Pereira Carla Ferro , Marques Inara , Okazaki Victor Hugo Alves 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe effects of practice were analyzed in the control of fast and accurate spatially constrained movements.MethodsTwenty men (20–26 years old) evenly divided into an experimental and control group were analyzed in three time periods: pre-test, post-test, and retention. Discrete Aiming Task ver. 2.0 software simulated Fitts’ task (1954) and provided kinematic analysis of mouse cursor movements (displacement, velocity, and acceleration). The task consisted of using the mouse to click on two parallel targets as fast and accurately as possible. Four target widths (W = 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 2.5 inches) and three distances between the targets (D = 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 inches) were used to provide indexes of difficulty (ID) from 1 to 6 bits. The experimental group performed 108 practice trials (three blocks of 36 trials on different days) while the control group had no practice.ResultsMovement time (MT) decreased in the experimental group largely due in part to a reduction of time used for feedback. It is suggested that the improvement in performance as a function of practice occurred through the interdependence of programming and the feedback process. As the task was practiced, there was decreased need for feedback due to better pre-programming of the primary submovement and the improved use of sensorial feedback information. This strategy and a lengthened deceleration phase can help explain the paradigm of fast and accurate movement as a result of practice.ConclusionsDespite the improved performance changes as a consequence of practice, Fitts’ Law proved to be robust enough to predict MT as a function of ID.
Effects of workload level on muscle recruitment in cycling
Authors: Priego Jose I. , Bini Rodrigo R. , Lanferdini F.J. , Carpes Felipe P. 
Published: May 2014

PurposeDespite the volume of studies addressing muscle activation during pedaling, it is unclear whether changes in workload level during cycling could dictate motor unit recruitment. The present study investigated the frequency content of lower limb muscle activation during submaximal workloads.MethodsTwelve male competitive cyclists pedaled at three workload levels: (1) maximum aerobic power output (PO<sub>MAX</sub>), (2) first ventilatory threshold (PO<sub>VT1</sub>), and (3) second ventilatory threshold (PO<sub>VT2</sub>). Muscle activation was recorded from the right vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), long head of biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), and soleus (SOL) muscles. Data from muscle activation were assessed using frequency band analysis. High and low frequencies and overall muscle activation were normalized to that collected at PO<sub>MAX</sub>.ResultsGreater overall activation was observed for VM (27%, <i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>d</i> = 1.22), RF (24%, <i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>d</i> = 0.96), BF (33%, <i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>d</i> = 1.43), GM (10%, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> = 0.91), and SOL (16%, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> = 0.81) at PO<sub>VT2</sub> than PO<sub>VT1</sub>. No differences were observed in the high or low frequencies relative to overall muscle activation.ConclusionsCyclists sustain changes at submaximal workloads via an equally distributed increase in muscle activation with no potential changes in motor unit recruitment.