bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Thermal and Dielectric Loss Features of Lunar Regolith Considering Real‐Time Effect Solar Irradiance
Authors: Chen Shurui , Feng Yongjiu , Tong Xiaohua , Tang Panli , Yang Qiquan , Xiao Changjiang , Xu Xiong , Wang Chao , Jin Yanmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolar irradiance received at the lunar surface is crucial for interpreting brightness temperatures detected by orbiters and for understanding the thermal, physical, and dielectric properties of the lunar regolith. We developed a real‐time effect solar irradiance (ESI) model that accounts for the influence of surface relief and terrain shading. This model was integrated with a standard thermal model to examine ESI fluctuations and their impacts on the diurnal physical temperature variations. To assess the effects of spatial resolution, we selected four locations with significant ESI disparities for simulation, then compared lunar surface temperatures at various spatial scales, ranging from 20 m to 25 km. Utilizing brightness temperature data obtained from the Chang'E‐2 (CE‐2) microwave radiometer (MRM), we integrated the shallow physical temperature profiles with the radiative transfer equation to simulate brightness temperatures and determine dielectric loss at different frequencies. In the Von Kármán crater, the received ESI exhibits a cyclical pattern of approximately 18 years and areas with rugged topography may exhibit larger ESI variations (∼7%). We found that the spatial resolution of ESI has a minimal effect on the physical and brightness temperatures at resolutions of 10 km or coarser. At the shallow layer, the average dielectric loss values are 0.0128–0.0170, 0.0083–0.0110, 0.0055–0.0073, and 0.0061–0.0081 for the CE‐2 frequencies of 3, 7.8, 19.35, and 37 GHz, respectively. The integration of real‐time ESI modeling, thermal dynamics, radiative transfer equations, and observational data enhances our comprehension of the physical temperature profile and thermal characteristics of shallow regolith.
A Machine Learning Method to Retrieve Global Rainfall and Snowfall Rates From the Passive Microwave Observations of FY‐3E
Authors: Zhao Runze , Wang Kaicun , Xu Xiangde 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPassive microwave radiometers onboard satellites rely on the received upwelling radiation to retrieve precipitation, which is a mixed signal from the surface, atmosphere and precipitation hydrometeors. Liquid precipitation droplets increase the upwelling radiation from the surface at lower frequencies, while ice particles cause a decrease in upwelling radiation at higher frequencies. The task of the retrieval algorithm is to identify the precipitation phase and to isolate the signal of precipitation from that of the surface. This study develops a machine learning method to retrieve rainfall and snowfall rates based on observations from the Microwave Hydrometer Sounder and Microwave Temperature Sounder onboard FY‐3E. Self‐organized mapping (SOM) is selected to classify the precipitation and underlying surface types, and an artificial neural network (ANN) is subsequently used to relate the brightness temperature to the precipitation rate for the clusters derived from the SOM. The half‐hour product of the Integrated Multi‐Satellite Retrieval for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) is used to train the ANN. To address the issue that number of heavy precipitation samples are not enough for training, the simulation of radiative transfer for TOVS is used as a supplement to heavy rain samples. The SOM‐ANN algorithm outperforms the IMERG and Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF) retrieval products in both rainfall and snowfall retrieval. Compared with the hourly observations at ∼4,400 stations during a 2‐year period, the root mean square errors of SOM‐ANN proposed here are 1.06 and 0.34 mm/hr for the rainfall and snowfall rates, which are better than those of IMERG (1.23 and 0.42 mm/hr) and GPROF (1.22 and 0.44 mm/hr).
On the Gravity Wave‐Seeded Ionospheric Irregularities in the Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Tian Rong , Jiang Chunhua , Sánchez‐Cano Beatriz , Yin Wenjie , Yang Guobin , Liu Tongxin , Hu Yaogai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor the past few decades, it has been demonstrated that gravity waves (GWs) and neutral winds can drive ionospheric irregularities on Earth. Still, as far as we know, the formation of ionospheric irregularities on Mars due to GWs has not been well studied. In this study, we use data from the NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission to show evidence of an irregularity event in the Martian ionosphere, potentially seeded by the GWs break (GWB). Statistical findings indicate that the observed ratio of GWB‐related irregularity events varies from ∼0.25 to ∼0.47 each year, and the average ratio in 2015–2020 is ∼0.37. We perform a numerical simulation to provide further insight into the processes behind irregularity formation, which employs neutral wind shear as a source of perturbation in the context of the GWB. The simulations yield results fundamentally aligned with the observed characteristics of ionospheric irregularities in the 2018 event by considering the wind shear as the disturbance source. This study provides supplementary insights into the perturbation sources involved in shaping irregularities within the Martian ionosphere and presents valuable information about the coupling between the Martian ionosphere and the lower atmosphere.
Broadband and fabrication-tolerant 3-dB couplers with topological valley edge modes
Authors: Tang Guo-Jing , Chen Xiao-Dong , Sun Lu , Guo Chao-Heng , Li Meng-Yu , Tian Zhong-Tao , Chen Hou-Hong , Wang Hong-Wei , Sun Qi-Yao , Pan Ying-Di , He Xin-Tao , Su Yi-Kai , Dong Jian-Wen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract3-dB couplers, which are commonly used in photonic integrated circuits for on-chip information processing, precision measurement, and quantum computing, face challenges in achieving robust performance due to their limited 3-dB bandwidths and sensitivity to fabrication errors. To address this, we introduce topological physics to nanophotonics, developing a framework for topological 3-dB couplers. These couplers exhibit broad working wavelength range and robustness against fabrication dimensional errors. By leveraging valley-Hall topology and mirror symmetry, the photonic-crystal-slab couplers achieve ideal 3-dB splitting characterized by a wavelength-insensitive scattering matrix. Tolerance analysis confirms the superiority on broad bandwidth of 48 nm and robust splitting against dimensional errors of 20 nm. We further propose a topological interferometer for on-chip distance measurement, which also exhibits robustness against dimensional errors. This extension of topological principles to the fields of interferometers, may open up new possibilities for constructing robust wavelength division multiplexing, temperature-drift-insensitive sensing, and optical coherence tomography applications.
Association between oral hygiene knowledge and practices among older dental patients attending private dental clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mulatu Yemisrach , Mehdi Mohammed , Abaynew Yeshewas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Ensuring optimal oral hygiene is crucial for preserving the well-being of hard and soft tissues within the oral system. A lack of proper oral hygiene can have a detrimental impact on an individual’s health, leading to conditions such as caries and periodontitis. Therefore, this study investigated the association between the knowledge and practices of older patients in oral hygiene in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 111 older patients who presented at purposively selected dental clinics in Addis Ababa. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit study participants. The data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included information related to the patient’s knowledge and practices related to oral hygiene. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations between independent and dependent variables. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated, and variables with a p value < 0.05 in the multivariate analysis were considered significant.

Results
The median age of the study participants was 70.31 years (65–100). Inadequate oral hygiene knowledge was found in 53.15% of the participants, while more than three-quarters (83.78%) of the older participants practiced poor oral hygiene. Older patients with good oral hygiene knowledge were 7.6 times more likely to practice good oral hygiene practices (AOR, 7.6; 95% CI (2.05–27.9)).

Conclusions
Poor oral health is significantly associated with various health problems, particularly in older people. This study examined the relationship between oral health knowledge and practices in older dental patients and revealed insufficient knowledge and practices among participants. The results showed a notable link between oral health knowledge and practices in this demographic group, highlighting the need for support to improve oral health status. Organizations should increase awareness among older patients to improve their oral health status.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells-induced exhaustion of CD8 + T-cell participates in rejection after liver transplantation
Authors: Zhou Liu-Xin , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Li Xin-Qiang , Zhang Jin-Ming , Li Shi-Peng , Wei Lin , Zhang Hai-Ming , Zhou Guang-Peng , Chen Xiao-Jie , Sun Li-Ying , Zhu Zhi-Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLiver transplantation (LT) rejection remains the most pervasive problem associated with this procedure, while the mechanism involved is still complicated and undefined. One promising solution may involve the use of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the immunological mechanisms underlying the effects of MDSC after LT remain unclear. This study is meant to clarify the role MDSCs play after liver transplantation. In this study, we collected liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from LT patients showing varying degrees of rejection, as well as liver and spleen tissue samples from mice LT models. These samples were then analyzed using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence. M-MDSCs and CD8 + T-cells extracted from C57/BL6 mice were enriched and cocultured for in vitro experiments. Results, as obtained in both LT patients and LT mice model, revealed that the proportion and frequency of M-MDSC and PD-1 + T-cells increased significantly under conditions associated with a high degree of LT rejection. Within the LT rejection group, our immunofluorescence results showed that a close spatial contiguity was present between PD-1 + T-cells and M-MDSCs in these liver tissue samples and the proportion of CD84/PD-L1 double-positive M-MDSC was greater than that of G-MDSC. There was a positive correlation between the activity of CD84 and immunosuppressive function of M-MDSCs including PD-L1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as demonstrated in our in vitro model. M-MDSCs treated with CD84 protein were able to induce co-cultured CD8 + T-cells to express high levels of exhaustion markers. We found that CD84 regulated M-MDSC function via expression of PD-L1 through activation of the Akt/Stat3 pathway. These results suggest that the capacity for CD84 to regulate M-MDSC induction of CD8 + T-cell exhaustion may play a key role in LT rejection. Such findings provide important, new insights into the mechanisms of tolerance induction in LT.
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab in advanced high-grade serous carcinoma: the randomized phase II NeoPembrOV clinical trial
Authors: Ray-Coquard Isabelle L. , Savoye Aude-Marie , Schiffler Camille , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Derbel Olfa , Kalbacher Elsa , LeHeurteur Marianne , Martinez Alejandra , Cornila Corina , Martinez Mathilde , Bengrine Lefevre Leila , Priou Frank , Cloarec Nicolas , Venat Laurence , Selle Frédéric , Berton Dominique , Collard Olivier , Coquan Elodie , Le Saux Olivia , Treilleux Isabelle , Gouerant Sophie , Angelergues Antoine , Joly Florence , Tredan Olivier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis open-label, non-comparative, 2:1 randomized, phase II trial (NCT03275506) in women with stage IIIC/IV high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) for whom upfront complete resection was unachievable assessed whether adding pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks) to standard-of-care carboplatin plus paclitaxel yielded a complete resection rate (CRR) of at least 50%. Postoperatively patients continued assigned treatment for a maximum of 2 years. Postoperative bevacizumab was optional. The primary endpoint was independently assessed CRR at interval debulking surgery. Secondary endpoints were Completeness of Cytoreduction Index (CCI) and peritoneal cancer index (PCI) scores, objective and best response rates, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety, postoperative morbidity, and pathological complete response. The CRR in 61 pembrolizumab-treated patients was 74% (one-sided 95% CI = 63%), exceeding the prespecified ≥50% threshold and meeting the primary objective. The CRR without pembrolizumab was 70% (one-sided 95% CI = 54%). In the remaining patients CCI scores were ≥3 in 27% of the standard-of-care group and 18% of the investigational group and CC1 in 3% of the investigational group. PCI score decreased by a mean of 9.6 in the standard-of-care group and 10.2 in the investigational group. Objective response rates were 60% and 72%, respectively, and best overall response rates were 83% and 90%, respectively. Progression-free survival was similar with the two regimens (median 20.8 versus 19.4 months in the standard-of-care versus investigational arms, respectively) but overall survival favored pembrolizumab-containing therapy (median 35.3 versus 49.8 months, respectively). The most common grade ≥3 adverse events with pembrolizumab-containing therapy were anemia during neoadjuvant therapy and infection/fever postoperatively. Pembrolizumab was discontinued prematurely because of adverse events in 23% of pembrolizumab-treated patients. Combining pembrolizumab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is feasible for HGSC considered not completely resectable; observed activity in some subgroups justifies further evaluation to improve understanding of the role of immunotherapy in HGSC.
Immunomic longitudinal profiling of the NeoPembrOv trial identifies drivers of immunoresistance in high-grade ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Le Saux Olivia , Ardin Maude , Berthet Justine , Barrin Sarah , Bourhis Morgane , Cinier Justine , Lounici Yasmine , Treilleux Isabelle , Just Pierre-Alexandre , Bataillon Guillaume , Savoye Aude-Marie , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Coquan Elodie , Derbel Olfa , Jeay Louis , Bouizaguen Suliman , Labidi-Galy Intidhar , Tabone-Eglinger Séverine , Ferrari Anthony , Thomas Emilie , Ménétrier-Caux Christine , Tartour Eric , Galy-Fauroux Isabelle , Stern Marc-Henri , Terme Magali , Caux Christophe , Dubois Bertrand , Ray-Coquard Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPD-1/PD-L1 blockade has so far shown limited survival benefit for high-grade ovarian carcinomas. By using paired samples from the NeoPembrOv randomized phase II trial (NCT03275506), for which primary outcomes are published, and by combining RNA-seq and multiplexed immunofluorescence staining, we explore the impact of NeoAdjuvant ChemoTherapy (NACT) ± Pembrolizumab (P) on the tumor environment, and identify parameters that correlated with response to immunotherapy as a pre-planned exploratory analysis. Indeed, i) combination therapy results in a significant increase in intraepithelial CD8+PD-1+ T cells, ii) combining endothelial and monocyte gene signatures with the CD8B/FOXP3 expression ratio is predictive of response to NACT + P with an area under the curve of 0.93 (95% CI 0.85-1.00) and iii) high CD8B/FOXP3 and high CD8B/ENTPD1 ratios are significantly associated with positive response to NACT + P, while KDR and VEGFR2 expression are associated with resistance. These results indicate that targeting regulatory T cells and endothelial cells, especially VEGFR2+ endothelial cells, could overcome immune resistance of ovarian cancers.
Laser nanofabrication inside silicon with spatial beam modulation and anisotropic seeding
Authors: Asgari Sabet Rana , Ishraq Aqiq , Saltik Alperen , Bütün Mehmet , Tokel Onur 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanofabrication in silicon, arguably the most important material for modern technology, has been limited exclusively to its surface. Existing lithography methods cannot penetrate the wafer surface without altering it, whereas emerging laser-based subsurface or in-chip fabrication remains at greater than 1 μm resolution. In addition, available methods do not allow positioning or modulation with sub-micron precision deep inside the wafer. The fundamental difficulty of breaking these dimensional barriers is two-fold, i.e., complex nonlinear effects inside the wafer and the inherent diffraction limit for laser light. Here, we overcome these challenges by exploiting spatially-modulated laser beams and anisotropic feedback from preformed subsurface structures, to establish controlled nanofabrication capability inside silicon. We demonstrate buried nanostructures of feature sizes down to 100 ± 20 nm, with subwavelength and multi-dimensional control; thereby improving the state-of-the-art by an order-of-magnitude. In order to showcase the emerging capabilities, we fabricate nanophotonics elements deep inside Si, exemplified by nanogratings with record diffraction efficiency and spectral control. The reported advance is an important step towards 3D nanophotonics systems, micro/nanofluidics, and 3D electronic-photonic integrated systems.
Rational correction of pathogenic conformational defects in HTRA1
Authors: Beaufort Nathalie , Ingendahl Linda , Merdanovic Melisa , Schmidt Andree , Podlesainski David , Richter Tim , Neumann Thorben , Kuszner Michael , Vetter Ingrid R. , Stege Patricia , Burston Steven G. , Filipovic Anto , Ruiz-Blanco Yasser B. , Bravo-Rodriguez Kenny , Mieres-Perez Joel , Beuck Christine , Uebel Stephan , Zobawa Monika , Schillinger Jasmin , Malik Rainer , Todorov-Völgyi Katalin , Rey Juliana , Roberti Annabell , Hagemeier Birte , Wefers Benedikt , Müller Stephan A. , Wurst Wolfgang , Sanchez-Garcia Elsa , Zimmermann Alexander , Hu Xiao-Yu , Clausen Tim , Huber Robert , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Schmuck Carsten , Giese Michael , Kaiser Markus , Ehrmann Michael , Dichgans Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLoss-of-function mutations in the homotrimeric serine protease HTRA1 cause cerebral vasculopathy. Here, we establish independent approaches to achieve the functional correction of trimer assembly defects. Focusing on the prototypical R274Q mutation, we identify an HTRA1 variant that promotes trimer formation thus restoring enzymatic activity in vitro. Genetic experiments in Htra1R274Q mice further demonstrate that expression of this protein-based corrector in trans is sufficient to stabilize HtrA1-R274Q and restore the proteomic signature of the brain vasculature. An alternative approach employs supramolecular chemical ligands that shift the monomer-trimer equilibrium towards proteolytically active trimers. Moreover, we identify a peptidic ligand that activates HTRA1 monomers. Our findings open perspectives for tailored protein repair strategies.
Aging aggravates aortic aneurysm and dissection via miR-1204-MYLK signaling axis in mice
Authors: Liu Ze-Long , Li Yan , Lin Yi-Jun , Shi Mao-Mao , Fu Meng-Xia , Li Zhi-Qing , Ning Da-Sheng , Zeng Xiang-Ming , Liu Xiang , Cui Qing-Hua , Peng Yue-Ming , Zhou Xin-Min , Hu Ye-Rong , Liu Jia-Sheng , Liu Yu-Jia , Wang Mian , Zhang Chun-Xiang , Kong Wei , Ou Zhi-Jun , Ou Jing-Song 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe mechanism by which aging induces aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains unclear. A total of 430 participants were recruited for the screening of differentially expressed plasma microRNAs (miRNAs). We found that miR-1204 is significantly increased in both the plasma and aorta of elder patients with AAD and is positively correlated with age. Cell senescence induces the expression of miR-1204 through p53 interaction with plasmacytoma variant translocation 1, and miR-1204 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence to form a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, miR-1204 aggravates angiotensin II-induced AAD formation, and inhibition of miR-1204 attenuates β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-induced AAD development in mice. Mechanistically, miR-1204 directly targets myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), leading to the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) by VSMCs and loss of their contractile phenotype. MYLK overexpression reverses miR-1204-induced VSMC senescence, SASP and contractile phenotypic changes, and the decrease of transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that aging aggravates AAD via the miR-1204-MYLK signaling axis.
Astrocytic metabolic control of orexinergic activity in the lateral hypothalamus regulates sleep and wake architecture
Authors: Braga Alice , Chiacchiaretta Martina , Pellerin Luc , Kong Dong , Haydon Philip G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeuronal activity undergoes significant changes during vigilance states, accompanied by an accommodation of energy demands. While the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle has shown that lactate is the primary energy substrate for sustaining neuronal activity in multiple brain regions, its role in regulating sleep/wake architecture is not fully understood. Here we investigated the involvement of astrocytic lactate supply in maintaining consolidated wakefulness by downregulating, in a cell-specific manner, the expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in the lateral hypothalamus of transgenic mice. Our results demonstrate that reduced expression of MCT4 in astrocytes disrupts lactate supply to wake-promoting orexin neurons, impairing wakefulness stability. Additionally, we show that MCT2-mediated lactate uptake is necessary for maintaining tonic firing of orexin neurons and stabilizing wakefulness. Our findings provide both in vivo and in vitro evidence supporting the role of astrocyte-to-orexinergic neuron lactate shuttle in regulating proper sleep/wake stability.
Rapid meiotic prophase chromosome movements in Arabidopsis thaliana are linked to essential reorganization at the nuclear envelope
Authors: Cromer Laurence , Tiscareno-Andrade Mariana , Lefranc Sandrine , Chambon Aurélie , Hurel Aurélie , Brogniez Manon , Guérin Julie , Le Masson Ivan , Adam Gabriele , Charif Delphine , Andrey Philippe , Grelon Mathilde 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMeiotic rapid prophase chromosome movements (RPMs) require connections between the chromosomes and the cytoskeleton, involving SUN (Sad1/UNC-84)-domain-containing proteins at the inner nuclear envelope (NE). RPMs remain significantly understudied in plants, with respect to their importance in the regulation of meiosis. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic centromeres undergo rapid (up to 500 nm/s) and uncoordinated movements during the zygotene and pachytene stages. These centromere movements are not affected by altered chromosome organization and recombination but are abolished in the double mutant sun1 sun2. We also document the changes in chromosome dynamics and nucleus organization during the transition from leptotene to zygotene, including telomere attachment to SUN-enriched NE domains, bouquet formation, and nucleolus displacement, all of which were defective in sun1 sun2. These results establish A. thaliana as a model species for studying the functional implications of meiotic RPMs and demonstrate the mechanistic conservation of telomere-led RPMs in plants.