bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium longum GT15: Unique Genes for Russian Strains
Authors: Zakharevich Natalia V. , Averina Olga V. , Klimina Ksenia M. , Kudryavtseva Anna V. , Kasianov Artem S. , Makeev Vsevolod J. , Danilenko Valery N. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

In this study, we report the first completely annotated genome sequence of the Russian-origin
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp.
longum
strain GT15. We discovered 35 unique genes (UGs) which were detected from only the
B. longum
GT15 genome and were absent from other
B. longum
strain genomes (not of Russian origin).
Impact of Australia's introduction of tobacco plain packs on adult smokers’ pack-related perceptions and responses: results from a continuous tracking survey
Authors: Dunlop Sally M , Dobbins Timothy , Young Jane M , Perez Donna , Currow David C 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of Australia's plain tobacco packaging policy on two stated purposes of the legislation—increasing the impact of health warnings and decreasing the promotional appeal of packaging—among adult smokers.DesignSerial cross-sectional study with weekly telephone surveys (April 2006–May 2013). Interrupted time-series analyses using ARIMA modelling and linear regression models were used to investigate intervention effects.Participants15 745 adult smokers (aged 18 years and above) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Random selection of participants involved recruiting households using random digit dialling and selecting the nth oldest smoker for interview.InterventionThe introduction of the legislation on 1 October 2012.OutcomesSalience of tobacco pack health warnings, cognitive and emotional responses to warnings, avoidance of warnings, perceptions regarding one's cigarette pack.ResultsAdjusting for background trends, seasonality, antismoking advertising activity and cigarette costliness, results from ARIMA modelling showed that, 2–3 months after the introduction of the new packs, there was a significant increase in the absolute proportion of smokers having strong cognitive (9.8% increase, p=0.005), emotional (8.6% increase, p=0.01) and avoidant (9.8% increase, p=0.0005) responses to on-pack health warnings. Similarly, there was a significant increase in the proportion of smokers strongly disagreeing that the look of their cigarette pack is attractive (57.5% increase, p<0.0001), says something good about them (54.5% increase, p<0.0001), influences the brand they buy (40.6% increase, p<0.0001), makes their pack stand out (55.6% increase, p<0.0001), is fashionable (44.7% increase, p<0.0001) and matches their style (48.1% increase, p<0.0001). Changes in these outcomes were maintained 6 months postintervention.ConclusionsThe introductory effects of the plain packaging legislation among adult smokers are consistent with the specific objectives of the legislation in regard to reducing promotional appeal and increasing effectiveness of health warnings.
Safety, Correlative Markers, and Clinical Results of Adjuvant Nivolumab in Combination with Vaccine in Resected High-Risk Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Gibney Geoffrey T. , Kudchadkar Ragini R. , DeConti Ronald C. , Thebeau Melissa S. , Czupryn Maria P. , Tetteh Leticia , Eysmans Cabell , Richards Allison , Schell Michael J. , Fisher Kate J. , Horak Christine E. , Inzunza H. David , Yu Bin , Martinez Alberto J. , Younos Ibrahim , Weber Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurpose: The anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody nivolumab (BMS-936558) has clinical activity in patients with metastatic melanoma. Nivolumab plus vaccine was investigated as adjuvant therapy in resected stage IIIC and IV melanoma patients.Experimental Design: HLA-A*0201 positive patients with HMB-45, NY-ESO-1, and/or MART-1 positive resected tumors received nivolumab (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg i.v.) with a multi-peptide vaccine (gp100, MART-1, and NY-ESO-1 with Montanide ISA 51 VG) every 2 weeks for 12 doses followed by nivolumab maintenance every 12 weeks for 8 doses. Primary objective was safety and determination of a maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary objectives included relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and immunologic correlative studies.Results: Thirty-three patients were enrolled. Median age was 47 years; 55% were male. Two patients had stage IIIC disease; 31 patients had stage IV disease. Median follow-up was 32.1 months. MTD was not reached. Most common related adverse events (&gt;40%) were vaccine injection site reaction, fatigue, rash, pruritus, nausea, and arthralgias. Five related grade 3 adverse events [hypokalemia (1), rash (1), enteritis (1), and colitis (2)] were observed. Ten of 33 patients relapsed. Estimated median RFS was 47.1 months; median OS was not reached. Increases in CTLA-4+/CD4+, CD25+Treg/CD4+, and tetramer specific CD8+ T-cell populations were observed with treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Trends for lower baseline myeloid-derived suppressor cell and CD25+Treg/CD4+ populations were seen in nonrelapsing patients; PD-L1 tumor status was not significantly associated with RFS.Conclusions: Nivolumab with vaccine is well tolerated as adjuvant therapy and demonstrates immunologic activity with promising survival in high-risk resected melanoma, justifying further study. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 712–20. ©2014 AACR.
Persistent Cerebrovascular Damage After Stroke in Type Two Diabetic Rats Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ding Guangliang , Yan Tao , Chen Jieli , Chopp Michael , Li Lian , Li Qingjiang , Cui Chengcheng , Ning Ruizhuo , Jiang Quan 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Diabetes mellitus is a disease with vascular components. Consequently, the blood–brain barrier disruption after stroke may differ between diabetic and nondiabetic animals. However, few studies have documented the longitudinal blood–brain barrier disruption afte stroke in diabetic animals. In this study, using MRI, we noninvasively evaluated the blood–brain barrier damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.

Methods—
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in adult male Wistar rats by administration of a high-fat diet in combination with a single intraperitoneal injection (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin. T2DM rats (n=9) and nondiabetic wild-type (WT) rats (n=9) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours using the filament model. MRI was performed 1 day and then weekly for 5 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion for all rats.

Results—

The ischemic lesion volumes after stroke as measured using T
2
maps were not significantly different between the T2DM and WT rats. Compared with the WT rats, the volumes of blood–brain barrier disruption evaluated using contrast-enhanced T
1
-weighted imaging with gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid and the cerebral hemorrhagic volumes measured with susceptibility-weighted imaging were significantly (
P
<0.05) larger in the T2DM rats from 1 to 5 weeks after stroke; values of diffusion fractional anisotropy were significantly lower in T2DM rats (
P
<0.03) than in WT rats after stroke. These MRI measurements were consistent with histological data.

Conclusions—

Using MRI, T
2
-weighted imaging did not detect significant differences of the ischemic lesion volumes between T2DM and WT rats. In contrast to the WT rats, however, contrast-enhanced T
1
-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging identified much more severe ischemic vascular damage, whereas fractional anisotropy demonstrated lower axonal density in the T2DM rats after stroke.
First Branchial Cleft Anomalies
Authors: Shinn Justin R. , Purcell Patricia L. , Horn David L. , Sie Kathleen C. Y. , Manning Scott C. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThis study describes the presentation of first branchial cleft anomalies and compares outcomes of first branchial cleft with other branchial cleft anomalies with attention to otologic findings.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingPediatric tertiary care facility.MethodsSurgical databases were queried to identify children with branchial cleft anomalies. Descriptive analysis defined sample characteristics. Risk estimates were calculated using Fisher’s exact test.ResultsQueries identified 126 subjects: 27 (21.4%) had first branchial cleft anomalies, 80 (63.4%) had second, and 19 (15.1%) had third or fourth. Children with first anomalies often presented with otologic complications, including otorrhea (22.2%), otitis media (25.9%), and cholesteatoma (14.8%). Of 80 children with second branchial cleft anomalies, only 3 (3.8%) had otitis. Compared with children with second anomalies, children with first anomalies had a greater risk of requiring primary incision and drainage: 16 (59.3%) vs 2 (2.5%) (relative risk [RR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4‐5; P <. 0001). They were more likely to have persistent disease after primary excision: 7 (25.9%) vs 2 (2.5%) (RR, 3; 95% CI, 1.9‐5; P =. 0025). They were more likely to undergo additional surgery: 8 (29.6%) vs 3 (11.1%) (RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8‐4.7; P =. 0025). Of 7 persistent first anomalies, 6 (85.7%) were medial to the facial nerve, and 4 (57.1%) required ear‐specific surgery for management.ConclusionsChildren with first branchial cleft anomalies often present with otologic complaints. They are at increased risk of persistent disease, particularly if anomalies lie medial to the facial nerve. They may require ear‐specific surgery such as tympanoplasty.
High-flow nasal cannula oxygen versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure undergoing flexible bronchoscopy - a prospective randomised trial
Authors: Simon Marcel , Braune Stephan , Frings Daniel , Wiontzek Ann-Kathrin , Klose Hans , Kluge Stefan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Critically ill patients with respiratory failure undergoing bronchoscopy have an increased risk of hypoxaemia-related complications. Previous studies have shown that in awake, hypoxaemic patients non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is helpful in preventing gas exchange deterioration during bronchoscopy. An alternative and increasingly used means of oxygen delivery is its application via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). This study was conducted to compare HFNC with NIV in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure undergoing flexible bronchoscopy.

Methods
Prospective randomised trial randomising 40 critically ill patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure to receive either NIV or HFNC during bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit.

Results
After the initiation of NIV and HFNC, oxygen levels were significantly higher in the NIV group compared to the HFNC group. Two patients were unable to proceed to bronchoscopy after the institution of HFNC due to progressive hypoxaemia. During bronchoscopy, one patient on HFNC deteriorated due to intravenous sedation requiring non-invasive ventilatory support. Bronchoscopy was well tolerated in all other patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding heart rate, mean arterial pressure and respiratory rate. Three patients in the NIV group and one patient in the HFNC group were intubated within 24 hours after the end of bronchoscopy (P = 0.29).

Conclusions
The application of NIV was superior to HFNC with regard to oxygenation before, during and after bronchoscopy in patients with moderate to severe hypoxaemia. In patients with stable oxygenation under HFNC, subsequent bronchoscopy was well tolerated.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01870765. Registered 30 May 2013.
Humanization of the mouse mammary gland by replacement of the luminal layer with genetically-engineered preneoplastic human cells
Authors: Verbeke Stephanie , Richard Elodie , Monceau Elodie , Schmidt Xenia , Rousseau Benoit , Velasco Valerie , Bernard David , Bonnefoi Herve , MacGrogan Gaetan , Iggo Richard D 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The cell of origin for estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer is probably a luminal stem cell in the terminal duct lobular units. To model these cells we have used the murine myoepithelial layer in the mouse mammary ducts as a scaffold upon which to build a human luminal layer. To prevent squamous metaplasia, a common artifact in genetically engineered breast cancer models, we sought to limit activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) during in vitro cell culture before grafting the cells.

Methods
Human reduction mammoplasty cells were grown in vitro in WIT medium. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the medium was replaced with amphiregulin and neuregulin to decrease activation of EGFR and increase activation of EGFR homologs 3 and 4 (ERBB3 and ERBB4). Lentiviral vectors were used to express oncogenic transgenes and fluorescent proteins. Human mammary epithelial cells were mixed with irradiated mouse fibroblasts and matrigel, then injected through the nipple into the mammary ducts of immunodeficient mice. Engrafted cells were visualized by stereomicroscopy for fluorescent proteins and characterized by histology and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Growth of normal mammary epithelial cells in conditions favoring ERBB3/4 signaling prevented squamous metaplasia in vitro. Normal human cells were quickly lost after intraductal injection but cells infected with lentiviruses expressing CCND1, MYC, TERT, BMI1 and a short hairpin RNA targeting TP53 were able to engraft and progressively replace the luminal layer in the mouse mammary ducts, resulting in the formation of an extensive network of humanized ducts. Despite expressing multiple oncogenes, the human cells formed a morphologically normal luminal layer. Expression of a single additional oncogene, PIK3CA-H1047R, converted the cells into invasive cancer cells. The resulting tumors were ERα+, Ki67+ luminal B adenocarcinomas that were resistant to treatment with fulvestrant.

Conclusions
Injection of preneoplastic human mammary epithelial cells into the mammary ducts of immunodeficient mice leads to replacement of the murine luminal layer with morphologically normal human cells. Genetic manipulation of the injected cells makes it possible to study defined steps in the transformation of human mammary epithelial cells in a more physiological environment than has hitherto been possible.
Bond strength of a universal bonding agent and other contemporary dental adhesives applied on enamel, dentin, composite, and porcelain
Authors: Isolan Cristina P , Valente Lisia L , Münchow Eliseu A , Basso Gabriela R , Pimentel Alice H , Schwantz Jülia K , da Silva Andreza V , Moraes Rafael R 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the bonding ability of a universal dental adhesive (Scotchbond Universal/SBU, 3 M ESPE) and other contemporary dental bonding agents applied to different substrates: enamel, dentin, resin composite, and porcelain. SBU was tested using both the etch-and-rinse/ER and self-etch/SE bonding approaches. The other adhesives tested were Scotchbond Multipurpose/SBMP (3 M ESPE), Single Bond 2/SB (3 M ESPE), and Clearfil SE Bond/CLSE (Kuraray). Specimens of each substrate were prepared for microtensile bond strength test/μTBS (dentin and composite) or shear/SBS test (enamel and porcelain). In composite and porcelain, negative (no treatment) and positive (silane + SB) control groups were tested. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). In enamel, SBU resulted in similar SBS (p ≥ 0.458) compared to all other adhesives (SBMP = 19.0 ± 10.2B; SB = 26.6 ± 9.3A; CLSE = 26.0 ± 8.5A; SBU-SE = 23.5 ± 8.4AB; SBU-ER = 22.6 ± 9.9AB). In dentin, SBU showed similar results to all other materials (p ≥ 0.123), except SB (p ≤ 0.045), which showed the highest μTBS (SBMP = 35.4 ± 10.5AB; SB = 39.4 ± 11.2A; CLSE = 36.6 ± 10.9AB; SB-SE = 28.1 ± 13.7B; SBU-ER = 26.9 ± 7.4B). In resin composite, SBU and the positive control presented similar μTBS (p = 0.963), and were higher than the negative control (p ≤ 0.001) (SBU = 28.4 ± 9.9A; positive control = 29.5 ± 11.7A; negative control = 12.1 ± 8.7B). In porcelain, SBU had higher SBS than the positive control (p = 0.001), which showed higher SBS (p < 0.001) than the negative control (SBU = 29.0 ± 6.9A; positive control = 21.0 ± 7.0B; negative control = 5.3 ± 2.7C). Equilibrium of adhesive and mixed failures occurred in dentin and resin composite, whereas a predominance of adhesive failures was observed in enamel and porcelain. In conclusion, the bonding ability of the universal adhesive was comparable to the other contemporary bonding agents tested, although it was dependent on the substrate evaluated. Universal adhesives seem to have potential applicability in adhesive dentistry.
Internalization of High-density Lipoproteins Bearing Arginine-rich Peptides
Authors: Murakami Tatsuya , Okamoto Haruki , Kim Hyungjin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles were prepared that bore a number of arginine (Arg)-rich peptides (TAT) or related derivatives possessing decreased Arg residues, and their internalization analyzed using three different fluorescent dyes. Substitution of two C-terminal Arg residues of TAT peptide was sufficient to abolish TAT-dependent internalization with HDL, which was essentially the same as the phenomena reported for a single TAT peptide alone. Additionally, high releasability of a dye from the HDLs compensated for this abolishment.
Where have all the old folks gone? A report on access and uptake of NHS sight tests in the over 60s
Authors: Hirji Nizar K , Myers Paulette 
Published: December 2014

Aim Visual impairment affects people of all ages, but its prevalence increases with age. The aim of this initiative was to better understand the uptake of NHS sight tests in Walsall in the over 60s age group. Methods The following data were analysed: i) NHS sight tests for England and Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust; ii) ophthalmic manpower in England and Walsall from April 2008 to March 2013; iii) the location of practices in the borough of Walsall. Results We noted a steady increase in the uptake of NHS sight tests (9%) and domiciliary sight tests (17%) in England from April 2008 to March 2013. In Walsall, the uptake of NHS sight tests was marginally lower for the same period (8%), but showed an increase of 11.7% in domiciliary sight tests. There was a significant reduction in the uptake of NHS sight tests from the over 60s in Walsall, from 42.58% in 2008/09 to 23% in 2012/13. This in contrast to a steady uptake of about 44% over the same period in England for the same age group. We noted fewer practitioners per 100 000 population in Walsall compared with the national picture and a neighbouring statistically equivalent primary care trust. Fewer practices are located in the east of the borough and outside the inner ring road, and considerable areas of Walsall are not within a 15-minute walking distance of an optometric practice—a significant factor for attenuation of attendance. Conclusions There has been a substantial decrease in the uptake of NHS sight tests in the over 60s in Walsall over a five-year period. The low uptake of sight tests among older people is a major shortcoming of present arrangements at meeting the eye health needs of Walsall residents. This is exacerbated by a lower than national average of ophthalmic practitioners per 100 000 population in Walsall.
Interferometric femtosecond laser processing for nanostructuring inside thin film
Authors: Ho Stephen , Kumar Kitty , Lee Kenneth K.C. , Li Jianzhao , Herman Peter R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Femtosecond laser interactions inside transparent dielectric films of refractive index, n
film, with tight focusing presents strong nonlinear interactions that can be preferentially confined at the fringe maxima as formed by Fabry-Perot interference, to generate thin nanoscale plasma disks separated on half-wavelength, λ/2n
film. The nano-thin disk explosions can be controlled inside the film to cleave open subwavelength internal cavities at single or multiple periodic depths at low laser exposure, while higher exposure will eject a quantised number of film segments with segment thickness defined by the laser wavelength. This new method enables high-resolution film patterning for ejecting nanodisks at quantised film depth for colouring and three-dimensional (3D) surface structuring, as well as for fabrication of free-standing nanofilms.
A region-based multiple testing method for hypotheses ordered in space or time
Authors: Meijer Rosa J. , Krebs Thijmen J.P. , Goeman Jelle J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a multiple testing method for hypotheses that are ordered in space or time. Given such hypotheses, the elementary hypotheses as well as regions of consecutive hypotheses are of interest. These region hypotheses not only have intrinsic meaning but testing them also has the advantage that (potentially small) signals across a region are combined in one test. Because the expected number and length of potentially interesting regions are usually not available beforehand, we propose a method that tests all possible region hypotheses as well as all individual hypotheses in a single multiple testing procedure that controls the familywise error rate. We start at testing the global null-hypothesis and when this hypothesis can be rejected we continue with further specifying the exact location/locations of the effect present. The method is implemented in the
Transport Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Effect of Confinement in Thin Liquid Films
Authors: Delacotte Jérôme , Langevin Dominique 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The role of condensed counterions in transport properties, such as
electrical conductivity and viscosity, has been investigated with
solutions of a flexible polyelectrolyte. Comparisons with existing
theories are proposed. Viscosity is strongly affected by confinement
in thin films, depending whether polyelectrolyte chains are adsorbed
or not at the film surfaces. The role of counterion mobility is
however difficult to assess because the measurements are not accurate
enough. It is proposed that this role could be tested by electrical
conductivity measurements.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Flashback of a Swirling, Bluff-Body Stabilised, Premixed Flame
Authors: Karimi Nader , Heeger Christoph , Christodoulou Loizos , Dreizler Andreas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Flashback of an open turbulent, premixed flame in a swirl burner with
central bluff-body is considered. The aim is to obtain further
understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the upstream
flame propagation. Previous studies on the same configuration
hypothesised that there is an adverse pressure gradient in the
direction of flame propagation. In this paper this is further
investigated experimentally and theoretically. Static gauge pressure
is measured on the surface of the bluff-body during flame
flashback. Simultaneously, flame luminosity is imaged at 5 kHz. The
results indicate that the static pressure rises downstream of the
propagating reactive front. This is, then, discussed in the context of
the theory of vortex bursting. An existing theory of flame propagation
in the core flow is extended to a configuration similar to that
investigated experimentally. The theory, although highly simplified,
explains the generation of adverse pressure gradient across the flame
and is qualitatively consistent with the experiment.