bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing of Words Related to the Demands of a Previously Solved Problem
Authors: Kowalczyk Marek 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Earlier research by the author brought about findings suggesting that people in a special way process words related to demands of a problem they previously solved, even when they do not consciously notice this relationship. The findings concerned interference in the task in which the words appeared, a shift in affective responses to them that depended on sex of the participants, and impaired memory of the words. The aim of this study was to replicate these effects and to find out whether they are related to working memory (WM) span of the participants, taken as a measure of the individual’s ability to control attention. Participants in the experimental group solved a divergent problem, then performed an ostensibly unrelated speeded affective classification task concerning each of a series of nouns, and then performed an unexpected cued recall task for the nouns. Afterwards, a task measuring WM span was administered. In the control group there was no problem-solving phase. Response latencies for words immediately following problem-related words in the classification task were longer in the experimental than in the control group, but there was no relationship between this effect and WM span. Solving the problem, in interaction with sex of the participants and, independently, with their WM span, influenced affective responses to problem-related words. Recall of these words, however, was not impaired in the experimental group.
Individual Differences in Coping with Mortality Salience in Germany vs. Poland: Cultural World View or Personal View Defense?
Authors: Wojdylo Kamila , Kazén Miguel , Kuhl Julius , Mitina Olga 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We investigated the influence of personality and culture on effects of mortality salience (MS) over cultural worldview defense (CWVD). We hypothesized that CWVD reactions to MS differ between Germany and Poland because of the higher conservatism of the latter country, and that they are moderated by action vs. state orientation. In this study German (N=112) and Polish (N=72), participants were exposed either to MS or to a control condition (dental pain). Punishment ratings to trivial offences and serious social transgressions were measures of CWVD. Results showed that social transgressions in both conditions were more strongly punished in Poland than in Germany. Additionally, compared to the control condition, under MS action oriented punished serious transgressions more strongly in Germany whereas state oriented punished serious transgressions more strongly in Poland. That is, the effects of MS on CWVD are moderated by personality and culture. We interpret the opposite pattern of punishment to serious social transgressions given by action and state orientedin in Germany and Poland, respectively, according to the higher emotional autonomy of action-oriented persons in either culture.
Resource potential of bioethanol and biodiesel production in Ukraine
Authors: Kaletnik Grygorii , Prutska Olena , Pryshliak Natalia 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Recently the biofuel production has significantly increased all over the world. In Ukraine this trend is increasing under the influence of such factors as the need to overcome the energy shortage, reduce dependence on oil imports and availability of powerful natural resource potential. The aim of the article is assessment of the resource potential of bioethanol and biodiesel production in Ukraine both for domestic needs and for export. Data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on production and exports volumes of major bioenergy crops is analyzed and the potential volume of biofuels production in Ukraine is calculated for achievement the research objectives. The importance of shift from exportoriented agriculture to energy crops production for their processing into biofuels within the country is described
Ensuring Operators-Drivers Transport of Agricultural Machinery Safety in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Ovcharenko Marina , Ovcharenko Andrey , Ovchinnikova Elena , Arefiev Alexey 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The number and severity of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation is not reduced from year to year. It is established that one of the common causes of traffic accidents is sleep at the wheel, it is especially typical for operators-drivers of transport agricultural machinery. According to the experimental data were derived mathematical dependences of operator reaction time of the driver at the beginning and end of the work shift by his age, which proved that with increasing age operator reaction time in an emergency increases
Functional Outcomes After Surgical Management of Articular Cartilage Lesions in the Knee: A Systematic Literature Review to Guide Postoperative Rehabilitation
Authors: Schmitt Laura C. , Quatman Carmen E. , Paterno Mark V. , Best Thomas M. , Flanigan David C. 
Published: June 2014

Study Design Systematic literature review. Objective To systematically review the literature relative to muscle performance, knee joint biomechanics, and performance-based functional outcomes following articular cartilage repair and restoration surgical procedures in the knee. Background Articular cartilage injuries are associated with functional limitations, poor quality of life, and the potential for long-term disability. This review systematically evaluates evidence related to muscle performance, joint biomechanics, and performance-based functional outcomes following articular cartilage procedures, and discusses their implications for rehabilitation. Methods The online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus were searched (inception to September 2013). Studies pertaining to muscle performance, knee joint biomechanics, and performance-based measures of function following articular cartilage procedure in the knee were included. Results Sixteen articles met the specified inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated muscle performance, all showing persistent deficits in quadriceps femoris muscle strength for up to 7 years postprocedure. Quadriceps femoris strength deficits of greater than 20% were noted in 33% and 26% of individuals at 1 and 2 years following microfracture and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), respectively. Two studies evaluated knee mechanics post-ACI, showing persistent deficits in knee kinematics and kinetics for up to 12 months postprocedure compared to uninjured individuals. Seven studies showed improved functional capacity (6-minute walk test) over time, and 3 studies showed persistent performance deficits during higher-level activities (single-leg hop test) for up to 6 years postprocedure. Five studies comparing weight-bearing protocols (accelerated versus traditional/current practice) following ACI found few differences between the groups in function and gait mechanics; however, persistent gait alterations were observed in both groups compared to uninjured individuals. Conclusion Significant quadriceps femoris strength deficits, gait deviations, and functional deficits persist for 5 to 7 years following ACI and microfracture surgical procedures. Future research regarding rehabilitation interventions to help mitigate these deficits is warranted. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):565–578. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4844
Diagnostic and Procedural Imaging Curricula in Physical Therapist Professional Degree Programs
Authors: Boissonnault William G. , White Douglas M. , Carney Sara , Malin Brittany , Smith Wayne 
Published: June 2014

Study Design Descriptive survey. Objective To describe the status of diagnostic and procedural imaging curricula within United States physical therapist professional degree programs. Background As patient direct access to physical therapy services increases, the ability to refer patients directly for diagnostic imaging could promote more efficient delivery of care. Appropriate patient referral is contingent on physical therapists having the requisite knowledge base and skills. While evidence describing imaging competence of physical therapists with advanced training in military institutions exists, evidence is lacking for other physical therapists, including new graduates of physical therapist professional degree programs. Methods Faculty members teaching imaging at 206 United States physical therapist professional degree programs recognized by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education were recruited via e-mail correspondence. An e-mail attachment included the survey on which faculty reported imaging curricula and faculty qualifications, attitudes, and experiences. Results Faculty from 155 (75.2%) programs responded to the survey, with imaging being included in the curriculum of 152 programs. Content was integrated by required standalone courses or clinical science track courses, and/or through elective courses. The average reported estimate of imaging contact hours was 24.4 hours (range, 2–75 hours). Emphasis was on the musculoskeletal system, including 76.3% of the required standalone course content. Student competence was assessed in 147 (96.7%) programs, primarily by written (66.7%) and practical (19.7%) examinations. Faculty rated student competence on a scale of 1 (not competent) to 5 (competent), with ratings ranging from a high of 4.0 (identifying normal anatomy on plain-film radiography) to a low of 1.9 (identifying common tissue pathological processes/injuries on ultrasound). Conclusion While a majority of programs reported including imaging curricula, variability was noted in all curricular aspects. These results may serve as a benchmark for faculty to assess existing curricula, allow for further development of imaging curricula, and provide a benchmark for the profession regarding current level of training for recent graduates of entry-level physical therapist professional degree programs. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):579–586. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5379
Factors Affecting Callus Induction and Organogenesis in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Authors: Vahedi Maryam , Kalantari Siamak , Salami Seyed Alireza 
Published: June 2014

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) belongs to Iridaceae and is known an important native commercial plants in Iran for its high value of saffron. The best growth regulator composition for callus production from corms and sahoot regeneration from callus were determined. Saffron corms harvested from previous crops are generally used for future cropping cycles. However, this practice causes major yield losses due to the heavy attack by different pathogens. Availability of healthy disease free planting materials is of great importance for successful cultivation of saffron. By this investigation the best composition of growth regulators for callus production from corms and shoot regeneration from callus were determined. Callus induction of Crocus sativus L. was investigated by using different combinations NAA, 2, 4-D and TDZ, BA and Kn. The highest frequency of callus induction was observed in medium containing 2 mg/l 2, 4-D + 1 mg/l BA followed by 1 mg/l 2, 4-D + 0.15 mg/l Kn. However, in case of growth parameters such as diameter and the area of calli the best result was obtained in the medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2, 4-D + 1 mg/l BA. In some treatments, calli were transferred to organogenesis stage after two subcultures. For sprouting of shoots transferred to medium containing 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA. Statistical analyses indicated that the treatment containing 5 mg/l NAA and 5 mg/l TDZ proved to be the best growth regulator treatment for shoot regeneration from the saffron calli. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 1-9, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19184
In vitro Development of Cauliflower Synthetic Seeds and Development of Plantlets In vivo
Authors: Qamar Zahida , Hossain Md. Belal , Nasir Idrees A. , Tabassum Bushra , Husnain Tayyab 
Published: June 2014

Synthetic seeds of cauliflower cv. Chillout were developed by encapsulating mature somatic embryos in neutral gel media. Somatic embryos were obtained by optimizing callus and cell suspension cultures of cauliflower. Friable, yellowish embryogenic calli were obtained on MS supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP using hypocotyl as explants, while calli were regenerated in media consisting of 5 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l Kn and 6 mg/l GA3. Somatic embryo-genesis was induced in cell suspension culture where auxins were removed in successive steps triggering conversion of globular cells into the heart, torpedo stage (71%) and finally into cotyledonary/somatic embryos (28%). The mature somatic embryos were encapsulated by mixing mature cell suspension with sodium alginate and calcium chloride mixture (1 : 4). Developed synthetic seeds germinated into complete plantlets when placed in neutral gel media. Germination efficiency of synthetic seeds decreased to about 50 per cent after 12 weeks of storage at 4ºC followed by a rapid decrease to zero per cent after 16 weeks. It was also observed that cauliflower plantlets from synthetic seeds survived successfully when transferred to soil demonstrating that cauliflower synthetic seeds is a promising step towards their in vivo direct use. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 27-36, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19193
Direct Organogenesis and Genetic Characterization of Solanum pseudocapsicum L. in vitro Regenerated Plants
Authors: Nath Sayantani , Das Anusree 
Published: June 2014

Solanum pseudocapsicum L. is an unexplored plant of Solanaceae having horticultural and medicinal importance. Earlier the in vitro morphogenic potential of this plant species has not been explored. Induction of direct organogenesis was obtained from internodes, leaf bases and root explants from in vitro grown seedlings and plants in MS supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BAP (0.44 - 8.88 µM/l) and IAA (0.29 - 2.85 µM/l). Direct organogenesis was achieved in 90% of internodes, 65% of leaf bases and 75% of root explants. The optimum regeneration medium was MS supplemented with 4.44 µM/l BAP and 1.43 µM/l IAA. The regeneration rate observed six weeks after culture was approximately 20, 9 and 12 shoot buds/explants from internodes, leaf bases and root explants, respectively. cDNA RAPD analysis from organogenic stages was carried out and revealed distinct gene expression pattern. In vitro rooting in 100% shoots was achieved on MS within ten days of culture. Successfully hardened rooted plants (R0) on transfer to the field produced flowers, fruits and viable seeds (R1). Genetic characterization of R0 and R1 plants revealed stability and uniformity at the chromosomal and genomic DNA level. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 65-76, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19201
Micropropagation of Environmental Stress Tolerant Local Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Fazlima , Khatun Mahmuda , Islam Aparna 
Published: June 2014

In vitro response of four explants namely, leaf, shoot apex, nodal and internodal, in three stress tolerant Bangladeshi potato varieties, viz. Zaubilati, Shadaguti and Challisha were tested. Of all the varieties, Shadaguti responded best for all the explants. Among the explants nodal segment responded best, followed by shoot apex. For all these explants and varieties, shoot regeneration response was tested in response to two cytokines, BAP and Kn. When compared between BAP and Kn supplementation, Kn treatment performed better than that of BAP for nodal and shoot apex, while opposite was observed for remaining explants. Interestingly, hormone free basal PROP medium was found to be best for nodal explants of both Zaubilati and Challisha varieties. While nodal explants of Shadaguti showed the best result in 0.5 mg/l Kn. Shoot apex performed best in 0.5 mg/l Kn for all the varieties. As an explant both internode and leaf did not perform well. Direct regeneration from these explants was found best in PROP + 0.2 mg/l GA3 + 0.5 mg/l IAA; 1.0 mg/l BAP, 1.5 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l BAP for Zaubilai, Challisha and Shadaguti, respectively. For rooting, of the in vitro grown shoots half strength of PROP medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA was found to be best. Cent percent survival of transplanted plantlets was recorded. The successful protocol for in vitro regeneration was developed which can be used for large scale production of these abiotic stress tolerant potato varieties. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 101-109, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19218
Clinical Data Integration Model
Authors: Curcin V. , Barton A. , McGilchrist M. M. , Bastiaens H. , Andreasson A. , Rossiter J. , Zhao L. , Arvanitis T. N. , Taweel A. , Delaney B. C. , Burgun A. , Ethier J. -F. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems”.Background: Primary care data is the single richest source of routine health care data. However its use, both in research and clinical work, often requires data from multiple clinical sites, clinical trials databases and registries. Data integration and interoperability are therefore of utmost importance.Objectives: TRANSFoRm’s general approach relies on a unified interoperability framework, described in a previous paper. We developed a core ontology for an interoperability framework based on data mediation. This article presents how such an ontology, the Clinical Data Integration Model (CDIM), can be designed to support, in conjunction with appropriate terminologies, biomedical data federation within TRANSFoRm, an EU FP7 project that aims to develop the digital infrastructure for a learning healthcare system in European Primary Care.Methods: TRANSFoRm utilizes a unified structural / terminological interoperability frame work, based on the local-as-view mediation paradigm. Such an approach mandates the global information model to describe the domain of interest independently of the data sources to be explored. Following a requirement analysis process, no ontology focusing on primary care research was identified and, thus we designed a realist ontology based on Basic Formal Ontology to support our framework in collaboration with various terminologies used in primary care.Results: The resulting ontology has 549 classes and 82 object properties and is used to support data integration for TRANSFoRm’s use cases. Concepts identified by researchers were successfully expressed in queries using CDIM and pertinent terminologies. As an example, we illustrate how, in TRANSFoRm, the Query Formulation Workbench can capture eligibility criteria in a computable representation, which is based on CDIM.Conclusion: A unified mediation approach to semantic interoperability provides a flexible and extensible framework for all types of interaction between health record systems and research systems. CDIM, as core ontology of such an approach, enables simplicity and consistency of design across the heterogeneous software landscape and can support the specific needs of EHR-driven phenotyping research using primary care data.
Systematic Review of High-volume Multimodal Wound Infiltration in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Banerjee Purnajyoti , Rogers Benedict A. 
Published: June 2014

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Understand the high-quality evidence regarding the use of multimodal high-volume local wound infiltration in total knee arthroplasty.

2.
Understand the contents of the drugs used, intraoperative infiltration techniques, and postoperative placement and use of a wound catheter.

3.
Explain the effects of using wound infiltration in immediate postoperative pain relief, early mobilization, and length of hospital stay after total knee arthroplasty.

4.
Understand the safety and complications associated with this technique.

Pain relief following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is challenging because early mobilization and rehabilitation are essential for a successful outcome. Postoperative pain can limit recovery, leading to reduced mobility and prolonged hospitalization. There are potential benefits of infiltrating high volumes of local anesthetics around the soft tissues of replaced hip and knee joints. The risk of systemic toxicity is minimized with diluted local anesthetic solution, which also allows a high volume to be used. One of the principal advantages is that analgesia agents are administered intraoperatively by the surgeon, thereby minimizing the need for additional invasive procedures. The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate whether high-volume multimodal wound infiltration reduces pain and opiate intake while enhancing early rehabilitation and discharge when used in patients undergoing TKA. Only randomized controlled studies were included. Although better pain relief in the immediate postoperative period with wound infiltration is gained after TKA, there is no definite evidence that this leads to a reduction in opiate consumption, the achievement of early milestones, or a reduction in hospital stay. The roles of individual agents in achieving pain relief and the use of percutaneous wound catheter for postoperative doses are also unclear. There are few reports of complications, including falls and delayed mobilization, when femoral nerve blocks are used. Wound infiltration analgesia should be used at the preference of the surgeon and anesthetist provided regular review of their practice is undertaken to identify any untoward side effects. Further randomized trials with sufficient sample size comparing each outcome, including pain scores, opiate consumption, and length of hospital stay, should be undertaken. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(6):403–412.]
Attraction ofEpilachna dodecastigma(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) toMomordica charantia(Cucurbitaceae) leaf volatiles
Authors: Sarkar Nupur , Mukherjee Abhishek , Barik Anandamay 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEpilachna dodecastigma(Wiedemann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important herbivorous pest of bitter gourd,Momordica charantiaLinnaeus (Cucurbitaceae) plant in India and Bangladesh. Volatiles were collected from undamaged bitter gourd plants, and from plants 24 and 120 hours following the initiation of continuous adult female feeding damage, and subsequently identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography flame ionisation detector analyses. Of the 24 volatiles identified in the study, 22 were present in all three treatments (undamaged plants, 24 hours after feeding, and 120 hours after feeding), and all plants significantly increased emissions of these compounds following insect attack. In all plants, the compound 1-tridecanol was the most abundant, followed by phytol. Only two compounds were unique to insect damaged plants: methyl palmitate was characteristic of insect damaged plants, while nerolidol was only detected from plants 120 hours following insect attack, however neither of these insect-damage specific volatiles, when tested individually, elicited attraction in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassays.Epilachna dodecastigmashowed significant preference for the whole volatile blends from insect damaged plants compared with whole volatile blends from undamaged plants. Further, the insect elicited attraction to three individual synthetic compounds: geraniol, 1-tridecanol, and phytol, which had significantly higher emissions from insect damaged leaves compared with those from undamaged plants.