bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Cerebral Blood Flow Associated with Better Response Inhibition in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Dev Sheena I. , McKenna Benjamin S. , Sutherland Ashley N. , Shin David D. , Liu Thomas T. , Wierenga Christina E. , Eyler Lisa T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractImpairment on inhibitory tasks has been well documented in bipolar disorder (BD). Differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) between BD patients and healthy comparison (HC) participants have also been reported. Few studies have examined the relationship between cognitive performance and regional CBF in this patient population. We hypothesized that group differences on an inhibitory task (the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Scale’s Color-Word Inhibition task) would be associated with differential CBF in bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) regions. Whole brain resting CBF was measured using Multiphase Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin Labeling MR imaging for 28 euthymic BD and 36 HC participants. Total gray matter (GM) CBF was measured, and regional CBF values were extracted for each region of interest (ROI) using Freesurfer-based individual parcellations. Group, CBF, and group-by-CBF interaction were examined as predictors of inhibition performance. Groups did not differ in age, gender or education. BD patients performed significantly worse on Color-Word inhibition. There were no significant group differences in CBF in either total GM or in any ROI. There was a group by CBF interaction in the bilateral ACC, right IPL and right DLPFC such that better inhibitory performance was generally associated with higher resting state CBF in BD subjects, but not HC participants. Although CBF was not abnormal in this euthymic BD sample, results confirm previous reports of inter-episode inhibitory deficits and indicate that the perfusion-cognition relationship is different in BD compared to HC individuals. (JINS, 2015, 21, 105–115)
Reversed oxygen sensing using colloidal quantum wells towards highly emissive photoresponsive varnishes
Authors: Lorenzon Monica , Christodoulou Sotirios , Vaccaro Gianfranco , Pedrini Jacopo , Meinardi Francesco , Moreels Iwan , Brovelli Sergio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractColloidal quantum wells combine the advantages of size-tunable electronic properties with vast reactive surfaces that could allow one to realize highly emissive luminescent-sensing varnishes capable of detecting chemical agents through their reversible emission response, with great potential impact on life sciences, environmental monitoring, defence and aerospace engineering. Here we combine spectroelectrochemical measurements and spectroscopic studies in a controlled atmosphere to demonstrate the ‘reversed oxygen-sensing’ capability of CdSe colloidal quantum wells, that is, the exposure to oxygen reversibly increases their luminescence efficiency. Spectroelectrochemical experiments allow us to directly relate the sensing response to the occupancy of surface states. Magneto-optical measurements demonstrate that, under vacuum, heterostructured CdSe/CdS colloidal quantum wells stabilize in their negative trion state. The high starting emission efficiency provides a possible means to enhance the oxygen sensitivity by partially de-passivating the particle surfaces, thereby enhancing the density of unsaturated sites with a minimal cost in term of luminescence losses.
Bottom-up formation of robust gold carbide
Authors: Westenfelder Benedikt , Biskupek Johannes , Meyer Jannik C. , Kurasch Simon , Lin Xiaohang , Scholz Ferdinand , Gross Axel , Kaiser Ute 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA new phenomenon of structural reorganization is discovered and characterized for a gold-carbon system by in-situ atomic-resolution imaging at temperatures up to 1300 K. Here, a graphene sheet serves in three ways, as a quasi transparent substrate for aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, as an in-situ heater and as carbon supplier. The sheet has been decorated with gold nanoislands beforehand. During electron irradiation at 80 kV and at elevated temperatures, the accumulation of gold atoms has been observed on defective graphene sites or edges as well as at the facets of gold nanocrystals. Both resulted in clustering, forming unusual crystalline structures. Their lattice parameters and surface termination differ significantly from standard gold nanocrystals. The experimental data, supported by electron energy loss spectroscopy and density-functional theory calculations, suggests that isolated gold and carbon atoms form – under conditions of heat and electron irradiation – a novel type of compound crystal, Au-C in zincblende structure. The novel material is metastable, but surprisingly robust, even under annealing condition.
Contact Bubble Bilayers with Flush Drainage
Authors: Iwamoto Masayuki , Oiki Shigetoshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlanar lipid bilayers have been used to form stable bilayers into which membrane proteins are reconstituted for measurements of their function under an applied membrane potential. Recently, a lipid bilayer membrane is formed by the apposition of two monolayers that line an oil-electrolyte interface. Here, a bilayer membrane system is developed with picoliter bubbles under mechanically and chemically manipulable conditions. A water bubble lined with a phospholipid monolayer is blown from a glass pipette into an oil phase. Two blowing pipettes are manipulated and bubbles (each with a diameter of ~ 50 μm) are held side by side to form a bilayer, which is termed a contact bubble bilayer. With the electrode implemented in the blowing pipette, currents through the bilayer are readily measured. The intra-bubble pressure is varied with the pressure-controller, leading to various sizes of the bubble and the membrane area. A rapid solution exchange system is developed by introducing additional pressure-driven injection pipettes and the blowing pipette works as a drain. The solution is exchanged within 20 ms. Also, an asymmetric membrane with different lipid composition of each leaflet is readily formed. Example applications of this versatile method are presented to characterize the function of ion channels.
Graphene Quantum Dots Interfaced with Single Bacterial Spore for Bio-Electromechanical Devices: A Graphene Cytobot
Authors: Sreeprasad T. S. , Nguyen Phong , Alshogeathri Ahmed , Hibbeler Luke , Martinez Fabian , McNeil Nolan , Berry Vikas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe nanoarchitecture and micromachinery of a cell can be leveraged to fabricate sophisticated cell-driven devices. This requires a coherent strategy to derive cell's mechanistic abilities, microconstruct and chemical-texture towards such microtechnologies. For example, a microorganism's hydrophobic membrane encapsulating hygroscopic constituents allows it to sustainably withhold a high aquatic pressure. Further, it provides a rich surface chemistry available for nano-interfacing and a strong mechanical response to humidity. Here we demonstrate a route to incorporate a complex cellular structure into microelectromechanics by interfacing compatible graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a highly responsive single spore microstructure. A sensitive and reproducible electron-tunneling width modulation of 1.63 nm within a network of GQDs chemically-secured on a spore was achieved via sporal hydraulics with a driving force of 299.75 Torrs (21.7% water at GQD junctions). The electron-transport activation energy and the Coulomb blockade threshold for the GQD network were 35 meV and 31 meV, respectively; while the inter-GQD capacitance increased by 1.12 folds at maximum hydraulic force. This is the first example of nano/bio interfacing with spores and will lead to the evolution of next-generation bio-derived microarchitectures, probes for cellular/biochemical processes, biomicrorobotic-mechanisms and membranes for micromechanical actuation.
Ultra-high dispersion of graphene in polymer composite via solvent freefabrication and functionalization
Authors: Noh Ye Ji , Joh Han-Ik , Yu Jaesang , Hwang Soon Hyoun , Lee Sungho , Lee Cheol Ho , Kim Seong Yun , Youn Jae Ryoun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe drying process of graphene-polymer composites fabricated by solution-processingfor excellent dispersion is time consuming and suffers from a restacking problem.Here, we have developed an innovative method to fabricate polymer compositeswith well dispersed graphene particles in the matrix resin by using solventfree powder mixing and in-situ polymerization of a low viscosity oligomerresin. We also prepared composites filled with up to 20 wt% of grapheneparticles by the solvent free process while maintaining a high degree of dispersion.The electrical conductivity of the composite, one of the most significantproperties affected by the dispersion, was consistent with the theoreticallyobtained effective electrical conductivity based on the mean field micromechanicalanalysis with the Mori-Tanaka model assuming ideal dispersion. It can be confirmedby looking at the statistical results of the filler-to-filler distance obtainedfrom the digital processing of the fracture surface images that the variousoxygenated functional groups of graphene oxide can help improve the dispersionof the filler and that the introduction of large phenyl groups to the graphenebasal plane has a positive effect on the dispersion.
Direct Evidence of Anomalous Interfacial Magnetization in Metamagnetic Pd doped FeRh Thin Films
Authors: Bennett S. P. , Ambaye H. , Lee H. , LeClair P. , Mankey G. J. , Lauter V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPalladium doped iron rhodium is a magnetic material of significant interest for it's close to room temperature magnetostructural phase transition from antiferromagnetic (AF) to ferromagnetic (FM) ordering. Here we report on the peculiarities of the magnetization distribution in thin films of FeRh(Pd) probed by Polarized Neutron Reflectometry. Remarkably, we've found thin interfacial regions with strong magnetization that have unique thermomagnetic properties as compared to the rest of the system. These regions exist at the top and bottom interfaces of the films while the central regions behave similarly to the bulk with a clear AF-FM order transition. Further we explore the impact of an additional Pt interlayer introduced in the middle of the FeRh(Pd) film and reveal that it serves to replicate the strong interfacial magnetization found at the top and bottom interfaces. These results are of great value both in understanding the fundamental physics of such an order transition and in considering FeRh(Pd) for magnetic media and spintronics applications.
The significance of serum uric acid level in humans with acute paraquatpoisoning
Authors: Zhang JuanWen , Zhao Ying , Bai YunJuan , Lv GuoCai , Wu JianPing , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHyperuricemia is a strong and independent predictor of all-cause mortalityin cardiovascular disease and has been found to play a role in diseases exacerbatedby oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate whetherserum uric acid (UA) level is an indicator of outcome in patients with acuteparaquat poisoning. A total of 205 subjects who had attempted suicide by oralingestion of paraquat were admitted to the emergency room between January2009 and June 2014. Initial serum UA level and other laboratory parameterswere measured. A total of 66 patients died during the 30 days after admission,corresponding to a 32.2% cumulative incidence of mortality. UA levels werehigher in non-survivors than survivors (P< 0.001) and 30-day mortalityincreased with increasing baseline serum UA level (P< 0.001). Ina prediction analysis for 30-day mortality, the serum UA level had a cut-offconcentration of 284 µmol/L in female patients and 352 µmol/Lin male patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysesshowed that white blood cell counts and UA were independent prognostic factors.In conclusion, we showed that serum UA may be an independent predictor of30-day mortality in patients with paraquat poisoning.
Bisphenol-A Affects Male Fertility via Fertility-related Proteins in Spermatozoa
Authors: Rahman Md Saidur , Kwon Woo-Sung , Lee June-Sub , Yoon Sung-Jae , Ryu Buom-Yong , Pang Myung-Geol 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe xenoestrogen bisphenol-A (BPA) is a widespread environmental contaminant that has been studied for its impact on male fertility in several species of animals and humans. Growing evidence suggests that xenoestrogens can bind to receptors on spermatozoa and thus alter sperm function. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of BPA (0.0001, 0.01, 1 and 100 μM for 6 h) on sperm function, fertilization, embryonic development and on selected fertility-related proteins in spermatozoa. Our results showed that high concentrations of BPA inhibited sperm motility and motion kinematics by significantly decreasing ATP levels in spermatozoa. High BPA concentrations also increased the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on sperm proteins involved in protein kinase A-dependent regulation and induced a precocious acrosome reaction, which resulted in poor fertilization and compromised embryonic development. In addition, BPA induced the down-regulation of β-actin and up-regulated peroxiredoxin-5, glutathione peroxidase 4, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. Our results suggest that high concentrations of BPA alter sperm function, fertilization and embryonic development via regulation and/or phosphorylation of fertility-related proteins in spermatozoa. We conclude that BPA-induced changes in fertility-related protein levels in spermatozoa may be provided a potential cue of BPA-mediated disease conditions.
Reservoir Area of Influence and Implications for Fisheries Management
Authors: Martin Dustin R. , Chizinski Christopher J. , Pope Kevin L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Understanding the spatial area that a reservoir draws anglers from, defined as the reservoir's area of influence, and the potential overlap of that area of influence between reservoirs is important for fishery managers. Our objective was to define the area of influence for reservoirs of the Salt Valley regional fishery in southeastern Nebraska using kernel density estimation. We used angler survey data obtained from in-person interviews at 17 reservoirs during 2009–2012. The area of influence, defined by the 95% kernel density, for reservoirs within the Salt Valley regional fishery varied, indicating that anglers use reservoirs differently across the regional fishery. Areas of influence reveal angler preferences in a regional context, indicating preferred reservoirs with a greater area of influence. Further, differences in areas of influences across time and among reservoirs can be used as an assessment following management changes on an individual reservoir or within a regional fishery. Kernel density estimation provided a clear method for creating spatial maps of areas of influence and provided a two-dimensional view of angler travel, as opposed to the traditional mean travel distance assessment.
Received April 15, 2014; accepted October 6, 2014
Activity of ERK regulates mucin 3 expression and is involved in undifferentiated Caco-2 cell death induced by 3-oxo-C12-homoserine lactone
Authors: Shimizu Hidehisa , Baba Nanako , Nose Takuma , Taguchi Ryoko , Tanaka Shinya , Joe Ga-Hyun , Maseda Hideaki , Nomura Nobuhiko , Hagio Masahito , Lee Ja-Young , Fukiya Satoru , Yokota Atsushi , Ishizuka Satoshi , Miyazaki Hitoshi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The signal molecule, 3-oxo-C12-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), is similar to a mammalian hormone in bacteria. Although most studies have examined the effects of high 3-oxo-C12-HSL concentrations (&gt;200 μM) on mammalian cellular functions because ~600 μM 3-oxo-C12-HSL can be secreted in biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in vitro, we previously showed that a low 3-oxo-C12-HSL concentration (30 μM) induces the apoptosis of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells through suppressing Akt activity. Here, we found that a low concentration of 3-oxo-C12-HSL-activated ERK1/2 in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Incubating cells with the ERK pathway inhibitor U0126 for 30 min alleviated the mucin 3 (MUC3) expression suppressed by 3-oxo-C12-HSL, and the upregulation of MUC3 expression induced by a 48-h incubation with U0126-reduced cell death. Thus, altered MUC3 expression caused by long-term attenuated ERK1/2 activity might correlate with the death of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells induced by 3-oxo-C12-HSL.
Introduction
Authors: Lloyd Alan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis book attempts to define, analyse, and evaluate the institutional and ideological systems that empowered and sustained one of the most successful civilizations of the ancient world for a period in excess of three and a half millennia. The main chapters are concerned with the definition and analysis of what seem to be the main aspects of Egyptian culture that gave it its particular character and allowed the Egyptians to maintain that character for an extraordinary length of time and through different kinds of cultural shocks.
The Historical Context
Authors: Lloyd Alan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter presents a conspectus of Egyptian prehistory and history down to the Roman Period. It emphasizes that the evolution of proto-Egyptian society and civilization developed with increasing momentum during the Prehistoric Period until the latter half of the fourth millennium, when it took a major leap forward under the influence of three major conurbations: first Naqada, whose culture swept all before it to dominate the entire country; then Hierakonpolis, which played a critical role in developing the ideology of Egyptian kingship; and finally Abydos which, in association with Hierakonpolis, laid the foundations for the Pharaonic Egyptian state.
Violence and the State
Authors: Lloyd Alan B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of violence in the state system. The Egyptian state was created through violence and maintained ultimately by the veiled threat or physical application of force. Institutionalized force was conceptualized and activated within the Egyptian state essentially in two ways, i.e. policing and the theory and practice of war. The chapter focuses on the latter. It discusses the standard motives for military operations: ideology, self-defence, and economic motivation; the methodology of war; and the instruments of war.
Freedmen’s Hospitals
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the bureaucracy and administrative hierarchy of the Medical Division of the Freedmen’s Bureau as well as Freedmen’s Hospitals, which were modeled on nineteenth-century asylums in the North. These hospitals were makeshift institutions that provided access to basic necessities, such as shelter, clothing, and food, after the Civil War. The chapter shows that Freedmen’s Hospitals were not systematically constructed throughout the South, and instead often established in response to a specific medical emergency. It also considers how the arrival of former slaves in almshouses and hospitals called into question the practices of these humanitarian institutions. Finally, it discusses the problem of medical care faced by the Bureau with respect to tending for freedpeople.
The Healing Power of Labor
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the population of former slaves who were most affected by the outbreak of sickness and disease after the Civil War and underscores the relationship between freedpeople’s economic status and their health conditions. It shows that the abrupt and often chaotic organization of the labor force excluded women, the elderly, the physically disabled, and children from opportunities to participate in the burgeoning labor economy in the postwar South. It also examines the impact of the war on cotton cultivation, which was then exacerbated by a crop failure in 1866–1867 that led to a widespread famine.
Conclusion
Authors: Downs Jim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This book has illuminated the various economic, political, social, and medical forces that accounted for the sickness, disease, and death suffered by hundreds of thousands of African Americans following their emancipation from slavery during and after the Civil War. It shows how a plague of lethal diseases such as measles, fever, smallpox, pneumonia, and diphtheria led to the largest biological crisis of the nineteenth century that brought untold misery and suffering to countless freedpeople. The book also highlights the important themes in the history of the Civil War and Reconstruction that came to the fore, from the infighting among the medical community to the unpreparedness of authorities and others for the massive liberation of enslaved people, how society should be reorganized in terms of public health, and the provision of federal health care for freed slaves.
Efficient strategies for calculating blockwise likelihoods under the coalescent
Authors: Lohse Konrad , Chmelik Martin , Martin Simon H. , Barton Nicholas H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe inference of demographic history from genome data is hindered by a lack of efficient computational approaches. In particular, it has proven difficult to exploit the information contained in the distribution of genealogies across the genome. We have previously shown that the generating function (GF) of genealogies can be used to analytically compute likelihoods of demographic models from configurations of mutations in short sequence blocks (Lohseet al.,2011). Although the GF has a simple, recursive form, the size of such likelihood computations explodes quickly with the number of individuals and applications of this framework have so far been limited to small samples (pairs and triplets) for which the GF can be written down by hand. Here we investigate several strategies for exploiting the inherent symmetries of the coalescent. In particular, we show that the GF of genealogies can be decomposed into a set of equivalence classes which allows likelihood calculations from non-trivial samples. Using this strategy, we usedMathematicato automate block-wise likelihood calculations based on the GF for a very general set of demographic scenarios that may involve population size changes, continuous migration, discrete divergence and admixture between multiple populations. To give a concrete example, we calculate the likelihood for a model of isolation with migration (IM), assuming two diploid samples without phase and outgroup information, and compare the power of our approach to that of minimal pairwise samples. We demonstrate the new inference scheme with an analysis of two individual butterfly genomes from the sister speciesHeliconius melpomene rosinaandHeliconius cyndo.