bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent evolution of equine influenza and the origin of canine influenza
Authors: Collins Patrick J. , Vachieri Sebastien G. , Haire Lesley F. , Ogrodowicz Roksana W. , Martin Stephen R. , Walker Philip A. , Xiong Xiaoli , Gamblin Steven J. , Skehel John J. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Equine influenza viruses of the H3N8 subtype have caused outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses throughout the world since their discovery in 1963 in Florida. In 2004 an equine virus in circulation was transmitted to dogs and subsequently spread throughout the United States and to Europe. Comparative analyses of the structures of hemagglutinin glycoproteins of equine and canine viruses by X-ray crystallography locate the sites of variation on the molecules, indicate a role in determining binding specificity for an amino acid sequence difference in the receptor binding site, and describe a unique structural difference in the membrane fusion region in recent equine and canine virus HAs by comparison with all other known HAs. These differences are proposed to have facilitated cross-species transfer.
Paradoxical thinking as a new avenue of intervention to promote peace
Authors: Hameiri Boaz , Porat Roni , Bar-Tal Daniel , Bieler Atara , Halperin Eran 
Published: July 2014

SignificanceThe premise of most interventions that aim to promote peacemaking is that information that is inconsistent with held beliefs causes tension, which may motivate alternative information seeking. However, individuals—especially during conflict—use different defenses to preserve their societal beliefs. Therefore, we developed a new paradoxical thinking intervention that provides consistent—though extreme—information, with the intention of raising a sense of absurdity but not defenses. We examined our hypotheses in a longitudinal field experiment and found that participants who were exposed to the intervention expressed more conciliatory attitudes regarding the conflict, even 1 y after the intervention, which also manifested in their voting (self-report measure) to more dovish parties in the Israeli 2013 elections.
Platelets guide the formation of early metastatic niches
Authors: Labelle Myriam , Begum Shahinoor , Hynes Richard O. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Specialized microenvironments (or “niches”) are essential for metastasis, but how cancer cells and host cells contribute to their establishment remains poorly understood. Our study reveals that platelets and granulocytes are sequentially recruited to disseminated tumor cells to form “early metastatic niches” that promote metastatic progression. Importantly, the recruitment of granulocytes is not primarily due to tumor cell-derived signals but rather relies on platelet-derived CXCL5/7 chemokines. Prevention of granulocyte recruitment via inhibition of the CXCL5/7 receptor CXCR2, or depletion of either platelets or granulocytes inhibits metastasis, thereby uncovering a key role for platelet-to-granulocyte signaling in the establishment of metastases. Specific inhibition of platelet-to-granulocyte interactions may thus represent a valuable antimetastatic therapy in addition to cancer cell-centered treatments.
Copy number alteration burden predicts prostate cancer relapse
Authors: Hieronymus Haley , Schultz Nikolaus , Gopalan Anuradha , Carver Brett S. , Chang Matthew T. , Xiao Yonghong , Heguy Adriana , Huberman Kety , Bernstein Melanie , Assel Melissa , Murali Rajmohan , Vickers Andrew , Scardino Peter T. , Sander Chris , Reuter Victor , Taylor Barry S. , Sawyers Charles L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Prostate cancer is a major health burden with significant overtreatment because of difficulty segregating high- and low-risk disease. Discovery of biomarkers that stratify risk could have a broad public health impact but requires cohorts with comprehensive molecular and clinical follow-up. We characterize two independent prostate cancer cohorts with genomic and clinical data that include biochemical recurrence and metastasis. We demonstrate that copy number alteration (CNA) burden, a measure of the fraction of a tumor genome that is copy number altered, is prognostic for recurrence and metastasis. CNA burden is also associated with cancer recurrence in an intermediate risk population, and can be identified in biopsies. This work provides a clinicogenomic resource and highlights oncogenomics' potential to identify needed prognostic factors.
Stromal response to Hedgehog signaling restrains pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Lee John J. , Perera Rushika M. , Wang Huaijun , Wu Dai-Chen , Liu X. Shawn , Han Shiwei , Fitamant Julien , Jones Phillip D. , Ghanta Krishna S. , Kawano Sally , Nagle Julia M. , Deshpande Vikram , Boucher Yves , Kato Tomoyo , Chen James K. , Willmann Jürgen K. , Bardeesy Nabeel , Beachy Philip A. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Preclinical studies have suggested that Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibition reduces growth and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), but ensuing clinical trials of Hh pathway antagonists combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy have not succeeded. Here, we find in three distinct genetically engineered mouse models that genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Hh pathway activity actually accelerates PDA progression. Furthermore, we find that the acute modulation of pathway activity regulates the balance between epithelial and stromal elements, with inhibition causing suppression of desmoplasia and accelerated growth of epithelial elements and activation causing stromal hyperplasia and reduced growth of the neoplastic epithelium. Our study explains previous clinical trial results and suggests the possibility of novel types of therapeutic interventions.
Disrupted coupling of gating charge displacement to Na+ current activation for DIIS4 mutations in hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Authors: Mi Wentao , Rybalchenko Volodymyr , Cannon Stephen C. 
Published: July 2014

Missense mutations at arginine residues in the S4 voltage-sensor domains of NaV1.4 are an established cause of hypokalemic periodic paralysis, an inherited disorder of skeletal muscle involving recurrent episodes of weakness in conjunction with low serum K+. Expression studies in oocytes have revealed anomalous, hyperpolarization-activated gating pore currents in mutant channels. This aberrant gating pore conductance creates a small inward current at the resting potential that is thought to contribute to susceptibility to depolarization in low K+ during attacks of weakness. A critical component of this hypothesis is the magnitude of the gating pore conductance relative to other conductances that are active at the resting potential in mammalian muscle: large enough to favor episodes of paradoxical depolarization in low K+, yet not so large as to permanently depolarize the fiber. To improve the estimate of the specific conductance for the gating pore in affected muscle, we sequentially measured Na+ current through the channel pore, gating pore current, and gating charge displacement in oocytes expressing R669H, R672G, or wild-type NaV1.4 channels. The relative conductance of the gating pore to that of the pore domain pathway for Na+ was 0.03%, which implies a specific conductance in muscle from heterozygous patients of ∼10 µS/cm2 or 1% of the total resting conductance.
Unexpectedly, our data also revealed a substantial decoupling between gating charge displacement and peak Na+ current for both R669H and R672G mutant channels. This decoupling predicts a reduced Na+ current density in affected muscle, consistent with the observations that the maximal dV/dt and peak amplitude of the action potential are reduced in fibers from patients with R672G and in a knock-in mouse model of R669H. The defective coupling between gating charge displacement and channel activation identifies a previously unappreciated mechanism that contributes to the reduced excitability of affected fibers seen with these mutations and possibly with other R/X mutations of S4 of NaV, CaV, and KV channels associated with human disease.
Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in South America (2013 Grover Conference Series)
Authors: Lopes Antonio Augusto , Flores Patricia C. , Diaz Gabriel F. , Mesquita Sonia M. F. 
Published: July 2014

South America is a territory of 17,819,100 km2, where ∼388 million people live in 13 countries. In the region, access to medical assistance (e.g., for treatment of cardiovascular disorders) is relatively easy in metropolitan areas but difficult in remote places such as the Andes and the Amazon. Altitudes up to ∼6,700 m influence the prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In tertiary centers, CHD is now treated earlier in life but remains an important etiology of PAH. In adolescents and adults with PAH assisted at institutions devoted to treatment of cardiovascular disorders, the relative frequency of PAH‐CHD (∼50%–60%) is even higher than that of idiopathic PAH. In one big tertiary center in São Paulo, Brazil, the prevalence of advanced PAH in children and adults with CHD is 1.2% and 4.2%, respectively. In young patients with cardiac septal defects (aged up to 2 years), pulmonary vascular abnormalities are a matter of concern in the decision about operability in 4.9% of cases. Access to specific PAH drugs is not uniform in South America, being unrealistic in remote places. In big cities, there are real possibilities for management of complex CHD, neonatal disorders, and even cardiac transplantation. Research activities have been implemented at clinical, translational, and basic levels. However, because of social and economic inequalities and political issues, access to best standards of medical care remains a problem in the region as a whole.
An improved method for computing q-values when the distribution of effect sizes is asymmetric
Authors: Orr Megan , Liu Peng , Nettleton Dan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMotivation : Asymmetry is frequently observed in the empirical distribution of test statistics that results from the analysis of gene expression experiments. This asymmetry indicates an asymmetry in the distribution of effect sizes. A common method for identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes in a gene expression experiment while controlling false discovery rate (FDR) is Storey’s q -value method. This method ranks genes based solely on the P -values from each gene in the experiment.Results: We propose a method that alters and improves upon the q -value method by taking the sign of the test statistics, in addition to the P -values, into account. Through two simulation studies (one involving independent normal data and one involving microarray data), we show that the proposed method, when compared with the traditional q -value method, generally provides a better ranking for genes as well as a higher number of truly DE genes declared to be DE, while still adequately controlling FDR. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing two microarray datasets, one from an experiment of thale cress seedlings and the other from an experiment of maize leaves.Availability and implementation : The R code and data files for the proposed method and examples are available at Bioinformatics online.Contact : megan.orr@ndsu.eduSupplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
IgG4-related disease and its pathogenesis—cross-talk between innate and acquired immunity
Authors: Umehara Hisanori , Nakajima Akio , Nakamura Takuji , Kawanami Takafumi , Tanaka Masao , Dong Lingli , Kawano Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a novel clinical entity proposed in Japan in the 21th century and is attracting strong attention over the world. The characteristic manifestations of IgG4-RD are increased serum IgG4 concentration and tumefaction by IgG4+ plasma cells. Although the clinical manifestations in various organs have been established, the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is still unknown. Recently, many reports of aberrant acquired immunity such as Th2-diminated immune responses have been published. However, many questions still remain, including questions about the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD and the roles of IgG4. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD by focusing on the cross-talk between innate and acquired immunity.
The hepatitis B virus-associated tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Pengyuan , Markowitz Geoffrey J. , Wang Xiao-Fan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn contrast to a majority of cancer types, the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is intimately associated with a chronically diseased liver tissue, with one of the most prevalent etiological factors being hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transformation of the liver in HBV-associated HCC often follows from or accompanies long-term symptoms of chronic hepatitis, inflammation and cirrhosis, and viral load is a strong predictor for both incidence and progression of HCC. Besides aiding in transformation, HBV plays a crucial role in modulating the accumulation and activation of both cellular components of the microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, and non-cellular components of the microenvironment, such as cytokines and growth factors, markedly influencing disease progression and prognosis. This review will explore some of these components and mechanisms to demonstrate both underlying themes and the inherent complexity of these interacting systems in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of HBV-positive HCC.
Abundances in the ejecta of core-collapse supernova remnants G350.1−0.3 and G349.7+0.2
Authors: Yasumi Masato , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Nakashima Shinya , Uchida Hiroyuki , Sugawara Ryusuke , Tsuru Takeshi Go , Tanaka Takaaki , Koyama Katsuji 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We present Suzaku results of the two Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) G350.1−0.3 and G349.7+0.2. We find Al and Ni Kα lines from both the SNRs for the first time, in addition to previously detected K-shell lines of Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe. The spectra are well described by two optically thin thermal plasmas: a low-temperature (low-kT) plasma in collisional ionization equilibrium and a high-temperature (high-kT) plasma in non-equilibrium ionization. Since the low-kT plasma has solar metal abundances, it is thought to be of interstellar medium origin. The high-kT plasma has super-solar abundances, hence it is likely to be of ejecta origin. The abundance patterns of the ejecta components are similar to those of core-collapse supernovae with progenitor masses of ∼ 15–25 M⊙ for G350.1−0.3 and ∼ 35–40 M⊙ for G349.7+0.2. We find extremely high abundances of Ni compared to Fe (ZNi/ZFe ∼ 8). Based on the measured column densities between the SNRs and the near sky background, we propose that G350.1−0.3 and G349.7+0.2 are located at distances of 9 ± 3 kpc and 12 ± 5 kpc, respectively. Then the ejecta masses are estimated to be ∼ 13 M⊙ and ∼ 24 M⊙ for G350−0.3 and G349.7+0.2, respectively. These values are consistent with the progenitor masses of ∼ 15–25 M⊙ and ∼ 35–40 M⊙ for G350.1−0.3 and G349.7+0.2, respectively.
Risk Factors for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Associated With Dual-rod Growing-rod Surgery for Early-onset Scoliosis
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Uno Koki , Suzuki Teppei , Kawakami Noriaki , Tsuji Taichi , Yanagida Haruhisa , Ito Manabu , Hirano Toru , Yamazaki Ken , Minami Shohei , Taneichi Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro , Takeshita Katsushi , Yamamoto Takuya , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: July 2014

Study Design
A retrospective, multicenter study.

Objective:
To identify risk factors for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) when treating early-onset scoliosis (EOS) with dual-rod growing-rod (GR) procedure.

Summary of Background Data:
The risk factors for PJK associated with GR treatment for EOS have not been adequately studied.

Methods:
We evaluated clinical and radiographic results from 88 patients with EOS who underwent dual-rod GR surgery in 12 spine centers in Japan. The mean age at the time of the initial surgery was 6.5±2.2 years (range, 1.5–9.8 y), and the mean follow-up period was 3.9±2.6 years (range, 2.0–12.0 y). Risk factors for PJK were analyzed by binomial multiple logistic regression analysis. The potential factors analyzed were sex, etiology, age, the number of rod-lengthening procedures, coronal and sagittal parameters on radiographs, the type of foundation (pedicle screws or hooks), the uppermost level of the proximal foundation, and the lowermost level of the distal foundation.

Results:
PJK developed in 23 patients (26%); in 19 of these, the proximal foundation became dislodged following PJK. Binomial multiple logistic regression analysis identified the following significant independent risk factors for PJK: a lower instrumented vertebra at or cranial to L3 [odds ratio (OR), 3.32], a proximal thoracic scoliosis of ≥40 degrees (OR, 2.95), and a main thoracic kyphosis of ≥60 degrees (OR, 5.08).

Conclusions:
The significant independent risk factors for PJK during dual-rod GR treatment for EOS were a lower instrumented vertebra at or cranial to L3, a proximal thoracic scoliosis of ≥40 degrees, and a main thoracic kyphosis of ≥60 degrees.
A food‐borne outbreak of gastroenteritis due to genotype G1P[8] rotavirus among adolescents in Japan
Authors: Mizukoshi Fuminori , Kuroda Makoto , Tsukagoshi Hiroyuki , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Funatogawa Keiji , Morita Yukio , Noda Masahiro , Katayama Kazuhiko , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSix high school students in Tochigi prefecture, Japan, developed gastroenteritis after eating at a pork cutlet shop. Molecular epidemiologic analyses showed that the causative agent was genotype G1P[8] rotavirus (RV), this being detected in stool samples from both the patients and the asymptomatic food handlers. The detected RV strains were closely related genetically. The only uncooked food that all victims had eaten was raw sliced cabbage. These findings results suggest that uncooked foods contaminated with RV may be sources of infectious gastroenteritis in adolescents.
Improving abundance estimation by combining capture–recapture and occupancy data: example with a large carnivore
Authors: Blanc Laetitia , Marboutin Eric , Gatti Sylvain , Zimmermann Fridolin , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: July 2014

SummaryAbundance is a key quantity for conservation and management strategies but remains challenging to assess in the field. Capture–recapture (CR) methods are often used to estimate abundance while correcting for imperfect detection, but these methods are costly. Occupancy, sometimes considered as a surrogate for abundance, is estimated through the collection of presence/absence data and is less costly while allowing gathering of information at a large spatial scale.Building on the recent pieces of work on the combination of different data sources, we showed how abundance data can be complemented by presence/absence data and can be analysed conjointly to improve abundance estimates. Our approach relies on a hierarchical model that makes explicit the link between the abundance and occupancy state variables while formally accounting for imperfect detection.We used a population of Eurasian lynx in France monitored via camera traps and a collection of presence signs as an illustration of our approach.Synthesis and applications.We combined capture–recapture and occupancy data and demonstrated that we can efficiently improve abundance estimates. Our method can be used by managers when estimates of trends in abundance lack power due to sparse data collected during an intensive survey, by simply integrating data collected during non‐systematic survey. Furthermore, combining these two sampling procedures makes full use of all available data and allows the development of conservation and management strategies based on precise abundance estimates. Overall, the combination of different data sources in an integrated statistical framework has great potential, especially for elusive species.
Market Integration and Spatial Price Transmission in Niger Grain Markets
Authors: Zakari Seydou , Ying Liu , Song Baohui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates price transmission from international and regional markets to Niger domestic grain markets using monthly wholesale prices. Cointegration and error correction models were employed to analyze the degree of price transmission. Tests of causality were also performed. In general, the results showed that grain markets in Niger respond to negative and positive shocks in regional and international markets differently. Maize and rice markets have high speed of adjustments to world prices compared to millet and sorghum markets. The speed of adjustment of prices to the long‐run equilibrium varies between 30 percent, 35 percent, 48 percent and 40 percent respectively for millet, sorghum, maize and rice prices. Nigeria, Burkina‐Faso, Mali, Togo and Vietnam markets have shown significant transmission in Niger markets. Supply and demand shocks in these markets will definitely affect Niger food prices. Based on this analysis, we suggest that Niger should develop a proper trade policy with its neighboring countries to facilitate regional market integration. This will enable Niger to import cereals from regional surplus‐producing areas to supply its food shock regions to reduce the negative impacts of price shocks on households. For rice, Niger should encourage local production to limit high dependence on international markets.
Revisiting the Finance–Growth Nexus in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Results from Error Correction‐based Panel Cointegration Tests
Authors: Walle Yabibal M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper re‐examines the long‐run finance‐growth nexus in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) using data from 17 countries over the period 1975–2005. We apply error correction‐based panel cointegration tests that take into account cross‐sectional dependence among countries. Our results — unlike a previous study using the same data — indicate the existence of a long‐run relationship between financial and economic development in SSA countries. Moreover, our results clearly show that the long‐run causality runs from financial to economic development, although a muted support for the reverse causal impact is observed when financial development is measured by the percentage of liquid liabilities in GDP. The estimated long‐run parameters measuring the finance–growth link are positive and statistically significant. Therefore, our results strongly support policies aimed at developing the financial sector in SSA in order to promote long‐run economic development.
Electricity Consumption–Economic Growth–CO2 Emissions Nexus in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Cointegration
Authors: Gao Jing , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study explores the causal relationship among electricity consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions for a group of 14 sub‐Sahara African (SSA) countries from 1980 to 2009 using panel cointegration and panel vector error correction modelling methods. The findings demonstrate that in the long run electricity consumption has a statistically significant positive impact on CO2 emissions. The results also reveal that the inverted U‐shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis exists in the SSA countries' case. The panel causality tests indicate that there is short‐run unidirectional causality running from economic growth to CO2 emissions and electricity consumption respectively. Simultaneously, there is long‐run bidirectional causality between electricity consumption and economic growth, electricity consumption and CO2 emissions, economic growth and CO2 emissions. Depending on the results, relevant policies can be initiated without negatively affecting economic growth.