bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinases, their receptors and inflammatory signalling: the Oxford South Parks Road connection
Authors: Hollenberg M D 
Published: December 2014

In keeping with the aim of the Paton Memorial Lecture to ‘facilitate the historical study of pharmacology’, this overview, which is my distinct honour to write, represents a ‘Janus‐like’ personal perspective looking both backwards and forwards at the birth and growth of ‘receptor molecular pharmacology’ with special relevance to inflammatory diseases. The overview begins in the Oxford Department of Pharmacology in the mid‐1960s and then goes on to provide a current perspective of signalling by proteinases. Looking backwards, the synopsis describes the fruitful Oxford Pharmacology Department infrastructure that Bill Paton generated in keeping with the blueprint begun by his predecessor, J H Burn. Looking forwards, the overview illustrates the legacy of that environment in generating some of the first receptor ligand‐binding data and providing the inspiration and vision for those like me who were training in the department at the same time. With apologies, I mention only in passing a number of individuals who benefitted from the ‘South Parks Road connection’ using myself as one of the ‘outcome study’ examples. It is also by looking forward that I can meet the complementary aim of summarizing the lecture presented at a ‘BPS 2014 Focused Meeting on Cell Signalling’ to provide an overview of the role of proteinases and their signalling mechanisms in the setting of inflammation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on 5th BPS Focused Meeting on Cell Signalling. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐13
The Enduring Predictive Significance of Early Maternal Sensitivity: Social and Academic Competence Through Age 32 Years
Authors: Raby K. Lee , Roisman Glenn I. , Fraley R. Chris , Simpson Jeffry A. 
Published: December 2014

This study leveraged data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 243) to investigate the predictive significance of maternal sensitivity during the first 3 years of life for social and academic competence through age 32 years. Structural model comparisons replicated previous findings that early maternal sensitivity predicts social skills and academic achievement through midadolescence in a manner consistent with an enduring effects model of development and extended these findings using heterotypic indicators of social competence (effectiveness of romantic engagement) and academic competence (educational attainment) during adulthood. Although early socioeconomic factors and child gender accounted for the predictive significance of maternal sensitivity for social competence, covariates did not fully account for associations between early sensitivity and academic outcomes.
Physical and cardiovascular performance in cases with acromegaly after regular short‐term exercise
Authors: Hatipoglu Esra , Topsakal Nuri , Erkut Atilgan Oya , Camliguney Asiye Filiz , Ikitimur Baris , Ugurlu Serdal , Niyazoglu Mutlu , Cotuk Hasan Birol , Kadioglu Pinar 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectiveImpaired physical performance is a disturbing complication of acromegaly. We aimed to evaluate the role of regular exercise in amelioration of the impaired physical performance in acromegaly.MethodsPatients with acromegaly were divided into two groups according to their participation in a prescheduled programme of exercise. Participants in the study group were exercised 3 days a week for 3 consecutive months. Exercise tolerance was evaluated by maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and time (T) taken to complete the Bruce protocol, muscle flexibility by the sit and reach test (SRT) and muscle strength by the hand grip strength test (HGST). Concomitantly, anthropometric assessment was performed using body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), skinfold measurements from 8 points, percentage body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM).ResultsAfter 3 months of exercise, VO2max and T were higher in cases that exercised than in cases that did not (P = 0·004 and P = 0·001). Over 3 months, within the exercise group, VO2max and T of the Bruce protocol increased (P = 0·003 and P = 0·004) and heart rate during warming decreased (P = 0·04). SRT increased within the exercise group after 3 months (P = 0·004). HGSRT did not change significantly (right P = 0·06 and left P = 0·2). The sum of skinfolds, BMI, WHR and LBM remained stable over the study period (P = 0·1, P = 0·08, P = 0·3 and P = 0·09). PBF decreased slightly and FM decreased significantly over 3 months (P = 0·05 and P = 0·03).ConclusionEven short‐term exercise may improve impaired physical performance, muscle activity and disturbed body fat composition in acromegaly.
A prospective cohort study investigating gross motor function, pain, and health‐related quality of life 17 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy
Authors: Tedroff Kristina , Löwing Kristina , Åström Eva 
Published: December 2014

AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the long‐term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), 15 to 20 years after surgery in patients with cerebral palsy.MethodEighteen children (four females, 14 males; mean age at SDR 4y 7mo, SD 1y 7mo) with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP), were prospectively assessed after SDR. This study focuses on the outcome 15 to 20 years after the procedure. The assessments include the Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity, the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM‐88), the Wilson Mobility Scale, The Health‐Related Quality of Life Health Survey, SF‐36v2, and the Brief Pain Inventory.ResultsThe effect of normalized muscle tone in lower extremities after SDR was sustained after a median of 17 years. The best gross motor function capacity, according to the GMFM score, was seen at the 3‐year follow‐up, thereafter a gradual decline followed. Half of the individuals reported low intensity pain and interference. Compared to a norm sample the physical health component of SF‐36v2 was slightly lower and the mental health component slightly higher.InterpretationThe spasticity‐reducing effect of SDR does not improve long‐term functioning, nor prevent contractures, but it can possibly reduce the pain often experienced by individuals with CP.
Validity of laryngeal ultrasonography in reference to endoscopy at rest and during exercise in Warmblood horses
Authors: Karlheim B. , Barton A. K. , Rohn K. , Ohnesorge B. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this study, 59 Warmblood horses were examined endoscopically at rest, during overground endoscopy and by laryngeal ultrasonography to evaluate the validity of ultrasonography as an additional diagnostic tool for left recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in Warmblood horses. Left laryngeal function during endoscopy at rest and overground exercise was scored by 3 blinded examiners. A new semiquantitative subjective‐descriptive score was used for evaluation of ultrasonographic images. Sensitivity and specificity as well as positive and negative predictive values of ultrasonographic images for longitudinal and transverse planes were calculated in reference to endoscopic scoring results. Laryngeal ultrasonography with semiquantitative grading proved to be a very sensitive and specific technique for evaluation of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in Warmblood horses.
Contextual Influences on Political Behavior in Cities: Toward Urban Electoral Geography
Authors: Weaver Russell 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhile there is now appreciable support among electoral geographers and political scientists for the idea that neighborhood context influences political behavior, there remains no consensus on the appropriate scale—i.e., the “true causally relevant” geographic extent—at which to analyze these effects. Importantly, this “uncertain geographic context problem” is not unique to electoral geography. Rather, it arises wherever researchers attempt to analyze contextual influences on individual or group behavior. This article suggests that electoral geographers might find value in the streams of urban studies literature (from outside of political science) that regularly engages in such activities. It accordingly surveys and synthesizes selected research on neighborhoods and neighborhood effects from both bodies of work, with the aim of establishing a research program in urban electoral geography. Advances in open data platforms and geographic information systems technologies are highlighted for their abilities to support empirical investigations into the proposed area of inquiry.
Provincializing Geographies of Religion: Muslim Identities Beyond the ‘West’
Authors: Mills Amy , Gökarıksel Banu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMost of the research on Islam and on Muslims, within geographies of religion, focuses on Muslims in diaspora. A trend in geographic research on non‐Western places has emerged, however, illuminating the global variance of Muslim communities and identities. Yet in spite of scholarly efforts to draw attention to the development of research in these ‘other’ contexts, there has been little explicit examination of how studies of Muslim geographies in non‐Euro‐American places contribute to geographies of religion, beyond an empirical or topical diversification of the field. This paper argues that geographic research on religion is situated knowledge that reflects the social and political contexts within which it is conceived and conducted. As such, it reflects particular cultures and priorities of place. The paper begins by situating Anglophone geographic literature about Muslim communities and identities by examining how the ‘West’ operates as a geographic imaginary that implicitly but powerfully conditions research contexts in Europe and the United States. This research responds to the popular and political discursive framing of Muslims as minorities, and as separate from others. As a result, Muslims appear to constitute bounded and distinct (albeit internally diverse and contextually dependent) communities. By contrast, research conducted in predominantly Muslim societies illuminates the relational, historical and cultural dynamics that bring Muslims of different sects, and Muslims and non‐Muslims, into co‐constitutive identity relationships. Indeed, the sites, practices, and things that constitute or represent identity for Jews and Muslims, for Sunni and Shi'a, or for pious and secular people, are the same: what it means to be Muslim is contextually specific and formed through relationships with others. This approach involves a more dynamic and productive theoretical conceptualization of place than operates in most Anglo‐European geographies of religion. By illuminating the specific empirical and theoretical contributions of Muslim/non‐Muslim geographies beyond the West, this paper provincializes geographies of religion and offers observations that may extend the field in new directions.
Clinical Trials Update 2014: Year in Review
Authors: Peroutka Stephen J. 
Published: December 2014

This section of Headache annually reviews the status of recently completed and ongoing major clinical trials involving common headache disorders. The review will focus on multicenter trials of new therapies as well as novel formulations of previously approved therapeutics.Table 1 summarizes the major therapeutic headache trials that were ongoing at the end of 2014, according to data obtained from both the “ClinicalTrials.Gov” website and from corporate press releases and presentations.
Nomogram to predict the likelihood of upgrade of atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed on a core needle biopsy in mammographically detected lesions
Authors: Khoury Thaer , Chen Xiwei , Wang Dan , Kumar Prasanna , Qin Maochun , Liu Song , Turner Bradley 
Published: December 2014

AimsTo estimate the likelihood of the upgrade for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) diagnosed on a core needle biopsy of a mammographically detected lesion.Methods and resultsA total of 203 consecutive ADH cases diagnosed on core biopsy in mammographically detected lesions and having subsequent surgical excision were reviewed. The pathological features of ADH were assessed with multivariable logistic regression to predict the likelihood of upgrade for these patients. A nomogram was created using statistically significant variables. A corresponding formula was created to calculate the risk of upgrade. This risk was divided further into low, intermediate and high. A total of 57 (28.1%) cases had upgrade. A nomogram was created that included age, menopausal status, hormone therapy status, personal history of breast cancer, number of involved cores, solid growth pattern, size of largest focus and mammographic mass versus calcifications. The nomogram had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.775.ConclusionsWe have developed a user‐friendly nomogram that uses easily recognized variables to calculate the likelihood of upgrade for ADH. The nomogram could assist the treating surgeon in decision‐making, particularly when the patient is at risk for surgical intervention.
The Molten Salt Synthesis of (Y1−xEux)4Al2O9 Solid Solution Powders and Their PL Properties
Authors: Ma Junfeng , Yu Zhiqiang , Zhang Dahai , Fan Jinpeng , Fu Wenfeng , Chen Jianhong , Cai Shan , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2014

(Y1−xEux)4Al2O9 solid solution powders can be easily prepared by a simple and convenient method, which effectively combined a molten salt process with a chemical co‐precipitation technique. All the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra techniques. The results show that the incorporation of NaCl salt can greatly promote the formation and crystallization of (Y1−xEux)4Al2O9 crystallites, and lower their synthesizing temperature, and that their particle size and morphology strongly rely on x value, which finally dominates their PL properties. The prominent emission intensity of 5D0→7F2 transition rather than 5D0→7F1 indicates doped Eu3+ cations occupy Y3+ position in monoclinic Y4Al2O9, which is sensitive to Eu3+ local environment, and at x = 0.10, there exist a maximum PL intensity due to the concentration quenching effect.
The Role of Family Phenomena in Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Paidipati Cynthia P. , Deatrick Janet A. 
Published: December 2014

TopicPrevious research suggests that families are integral to the understanding of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).PurposeThe purpose of this article is to identify family phenomena related to children and adolescents with ADHD and highlight research findings that intersect family phenomena with the care and treatment of ADHD in youth.SourcesA literature review was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania in spring of 2014 using an online library system. The four major databases utilized are Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Psyc‐INFO.ConclusionsA wide array of family‐related concepts are identified in the literature and represent a multifaceted and dynamic range of family phenomena related to ADHD youth. Four major themes emerged in the literature, including family stress and strain, parenting practices and caregiver health, family relationships, and family processes related to ADHD management. Different cultural and ethnic groups are reflected in the studies, but the majority of participants are self‐identified Caucasian. As a collective, the research findings suggest family‐related phenomena are essential and relevant to the investigation of children and adolescents with ADHD and worthwhile to explore in future research endeavors, especially in diverse populations.
Automated system for characterization and classification of malaria‐infected stages using light microscopic images of thin blood smears
Authors: DAS D. K. , MAITI A. K. , CHAKRABORTY C. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a comprehensive image characterization cum classification framework for malaria‐infected stage detection using microscopic images of thin blood smears. The methodology mainly includes microscopic imaging of Leishman stained blood slides, noise reduction and illumination correction, erythrocyte segmentation, feature selection followed by machine classification. Amongst three‐image segmentation algorithms (namely, rule‐based, Chan–Vese‐based and marker‐controlled watershed methods), marker‐controlled watershed technique provides better boundary detection of erythrocytes specially in overlapping situations. Microscopic features at intensity, texture and morphology levels are extracted to discriminate infected and noninfected erythrocytes. In order to achieve subgroup of potential features, feature selection techniques, namely, F‐statistic and information gain criteria are considered here for ranking. Finally, five different classifiers, namely, Naive Bayes, multilayer perceptron neural network, logistic regression, classification and regression tree (CART), RBF neural network have been trained and tested by 888 erythrocytes (infected and noninfected) for each features’ subset. Performance evaluation of the proposed methodology shows that multilayer perceptron network provides higher accuracy for malaria‐infected erythrocytes recognition and infected stage classification. Results show that top 90 features ranked by F‐statistic (specificity: 98.64%, sensitivity: 100%, PPV: 99.73% and overall accuracy: 96.84%) and top 60 features ranked by information gain provides better results (specificity: 97.29%, sensitivity: 100%, PPV: 99.46% and overall accuracy: 96.73%) for malaria‐infected stage classification.
Comparison of intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system activity in diabetic versus non‐diabetic patients with overt proteinuria
Authors: Park Ji Hyeon , Jang Hye Ryoun , Lee Jong‐Ho , Lee Jung Eun , Huh Wooseong , Lee Kyu‐Beck , Kwon Young‐Joo , Do Jun Young , Kim Hye Young , Kim Yoon‐Goo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported to be activated in chronic proteinuria patients. This study aimed to compare intrarenal RAS activity between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non‐diabetic nephropathy (NDN) patients with overt proteinuria.MethodsA multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted in 116 patients with overt proteinuria (urinary protein/creatinine ratio [uPCR] > 1 mg/mg Cr). To estimate intrarenal RAS activity we measured urinary excretion of angiotensinogen (uAGT) and renin (uRenin) in patients with DN (n = 38) and NDN (n = 78).ResultsBoth natural logarithms of uAGT/urinary creatinine (ln[uAGT/uCr]) and uRenin (ln[uRenin/uCr]) levels were significantly higher in patients with DN compared with those with NDN (ln[uAGT/uCr]: 4.16 ± 1.13 in DN vs. 3.52 ± 1.21 in NDN, P = 0.007; ln[uRenin/uCr]: 5.66 ± 1.60 in DN vs. 4.29 ± 1.48 in NDN, P < 0.001), when estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and uPCR showed no significant difference between the two groups. In a subgroup analysis, according to amount of proteinuria, both uAGT and uRenin were higher in DN in patients with subnephrotic‐range proteinuria (uPCR < 3.5 mg/mg Cr). However, in patients with nephrotic‐range proteinuria (uPCR ≥ 3.5 mg/mg Cr), only uRenin was higher in DN compared to NDN. In a multiple regression analysis, diabetes showed independent association with uRenin.ConclusionConsistently elevated uRenin in DN, regardless of the amount of proteinuria, indicates that intrarenal RAS activity may be higher in DN compared to NDN in patients with overt proteinuria.
Reduced‐intensity conditioning umbilical cord blood transplantation in Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Authors: Woźniak Magdalena , Krzywoń Marta , Hołda Mateusz K. , Goździk Jolanta 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNBS is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder associated with chromosome instability caused by a mutation in the NBN gene (8q21). Clinical manifestations include microcephaly, growth retardation, combined immunodeficiency, and a strong predisposition to develop (mainly lymphatic) malignancies. There is no specific treatment for patients with NBS, and the prognosis is generally poor. The therapeutic option for some patients with NBS may be HSCT. We present a case of safe and successful non‐myeloablative UCB transplantation in the 19th month of the life of a female child with NBS concomitant with SCID.
Fully automatic generation of geoinformation products with chinese zy‐3 satellite imagery
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Wang Bo , Zhang Zuxun , Duan Yansong , Zhang Yong , Sun Mingwei , Ji Shunping 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe advantages of continuously and soundly obtaining large multidimensional, multiscale and multitemporal observation datasets from satellite remote sensing make it indispensable in building a national spatial data infrastructure. This paper introduces the ZY‐3 satellite developed in China and discusses a fully automatic data‐processing system to generate geoinformation products, such as digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital orthophotomaps (DOMs), based on ZY‐3 imagery. The key technologies of automatic geoinformation product generation, including strip image‐based bundle adjustment together with creating DEMs and DOMs, are illustrated. The accuracies of the georeferencing and automatically generated geoinformation products are also discussed. This automatic data‐processing system is shown to provide a good foundation for near real‐time derivation of such geoinformation products and for the promotion and application of Chinese domestic satellites.
Terrestrial laser scanning as a key element in the integrated monitoring of tidal influences on a twin‐tube concrete tunnel
Authors: Nuttens Timothy , Stal Cornelis , De Backer Hans , Schotte Ken , Van Bogaert Philippe , Detry Pierre , De Wulf Alain 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn 2012, for the first time in Belgium, integrated monitoring was carried out to assess the deformations of a twin‐tube tunnel below the River Scheldt in Antwerp under the influence of estuarine tides. Levelling measurements during a tide cycle showed a variation in the height of levelling bolts of up to 10 mm between low and high tide. Simultaneous strain‐gauge measurements also showed a significant difference in strains. A deformation of the tunnel section during each twice‐daily tide cycle, resulting in an eccentric “egg” or “pumpkin” shape, could hold large risks for the strength and durability of the tunnel structure. However, laser scanning results showed that there were no significant deformations of the tunnel's shape during the tide cycle. The laser scanning measurements resulted in a more thorough view of the deformation pattern which was much needed and improved the long‐term risk assessment of the tunnel.
Bayesian Structured Additive Distributional Regression for Multivariate Responses
Authors: Klein Nadja , Kneib Thomas , Klasen Stephan , Lang Stefan 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe propose a unified Bayesian approach for multivariate structured additive distributional regression analysis comprising a huge class of continuous, discrete and latent multivariate response distributions, where each parameter of these potentially complex distributions is modelled by a structured additive predictor. The latter is an additive composition of different types of covariate effects, e.g. non-linear effects of continuous covariates, random effects, spatial effects or interaction effects. Inference is realized by a generic, computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm based on iteratively weighted least squares approximations and with multivariate Gaussian priors to enforce specific properties of functional effects. Applications to illustrate our approach include a joint model of risk factors for chronic and acute childhood undernutrition in India and ecological regressions studying the drivers of election results in Germany.