bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self, Physician, and Specialty: A Qualitative Exploration of Medical Students’ Specialty Identity Formation During Undergraduate Medical Training
Authors: Schrepel Caitlin , Amick Ashley E. , Bann Maralyssa , Watsjold Bjorn , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Jauregui Joshua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
A physician’s specialty is an integral part of their professional identity formation (PIF), not only determining the role they play in patient care but also shaping group interactions in the workplace. Prior work on PIF in medical students has focused on the development of a physician identity. However, little is known about how medical students might begin to develop divergent specialty-specific identities during medical school. Consequently, the authors aimed to explore how the process of specialty selection shapes PIF during undergraduate medical training and to develop a construct of specialty identity formation (SIF) as an important aspect of PIF.

Method
The authors used a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore SIF in senior medical students at the University of Washington between August 2022 and January 2023. The author team consisted of 6 attending physicians. Two investigators conducted hour-long, semistructured interviews, which were audio recorded, transcribed, and deidentified. After analysis, member checking was completed with 2 participants.

Results
The authors interviewed 14 students and categorized the data into 3 phases: nascent understanding, experiential grounding, and projecting forward. Participants reflected on considering their personal values, while simultaneously exploring the values and defining features of various specialty groups. Early impressions were formed based on ideas influenced by peers and mentors and later integrated with experiences on clinical rotations. Finally, participants noted engaging in a process projecting forward as they attempted to envision their potential futures as both physicians and members of a specialty group.

Conclusions
As students explore their specialty identity, they use self-anchoring and self-stereotyping to integrate components of their evolving specialty identity into their professional identity. However, uncertainty regarding their fit with a specialty persists for many. Many sociocultural aspects of the learning environment affect SIF, including threats to psychological and identity safety.
Unveiling the Invisible: Challenges Faced by Arab Women International Medical Graduates in U.S. Academia
Authors: Alkhatib Maram , Hasan Inaya , Ali Ayra , Zaidi Zareen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The Arab experience is understudied because until 2024 Arabs were categorized as White on the U.S. Census, leading to diminished documentation of their personal experiences. There is also little understanding of the Arab experience and its intersectionality with gender, being an international medical graduate (IMG), and working in academia. The authors studied the experience of Arab women IMGs working in the U.S. academic system.

Method
This qualitative study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze in-depth interview data from 20 first-generation U.S. immigrant Arab women who were IMGs. Interpretative phenomenologicalanalysis involved data familiarization, immersion, and coding. Codes were grouped into potential themes on the participants’ experience. The authors explored connections between the themes and engaged in reflexive practice through memo writing and team meetings. The study was performed from November 2022–May 2023.

Results
The experiences of the 20 first-generation U.S. immigrant Arab women IMGs were as diverse as the Arab identity itself but congruent with some documented IMG experiences. Political turmoil, desire for new opportunities, and career goals were all reasons that led them to emigrate, but cultural differences, isolation from their home countries, and missing family were central to their experiences. Muslim women wearing the hijab or those with heavy accents faced more microaggressions and xenophobia in academic clinical settings. Those in environments that embraced their differences and supported them described less discrimination. They all felt, nonetheless, that they benefited from training in the United States. However, they noted room for improving cultural humility in residencies and the need for a more inclusive workplace.

Conclusions
This study highlights the visible and invisible challenges that affect Arab women IMGs’ experience in the United States. Program directors and department leaders should try to learn about the backgrounds of IMGs and current geopolitical events that might affect IMGs and extend support.
“Making Space for More People, More Perspectives, and More Ideas”: How Medical Education Journal Editors View Their Role in Capacity Building
Authors: Cheung Jeffrey J.H. , Balmer Dorene F. , Bierer S. Beth , Cianciolo Anna T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Medical education journal editors work to improve scholarly rigor and expand access to scholarship. How editors conceptualize these dual roles is unknown and holds implications for the kinds of scholarship that are valued and made visible through publication. The authors applied the concept of capacity building to examine how medical education journal editors conceptualize and operationalize capacity building and to identify the contextual factors that support or constrain these efforts.

Method
Using a reflexive thematic approach, the authors interviewed 13 editors of 11 medical education journals between February 2022 and March 2023. Data collection and analyses were performed iteratively. Interview transcripts were coded by 2 authors to generate initial codes, which were then refined by the research team until final themes were created.

Results
Editors viewed capacity building “making space” for people and perspectives. Making space for people included efforts to support editors and reviewers, offer feedback to authors, and engage with readers. Making space for perspectives included efforts to promote discussion on diversity and inclusion and to introduce ideas perceived to advance the field. How editors made space was shaped by a journal’s ecosystem, including local features unique to each journal (e.g., aims, scope, readership) and system-level factors that influenced all journals (e.g., English as the language of science, academic promotion and tenure).

Conclusions
Although medical education journal editors’ capacity-building work will inevitably guide future scholars and scholarship, their work should be considered in the context of a larger ecosystem, including such features as institutional academies for scholarship and promotion and tenure policies. Improving rigor and expanding access will require clarifying how editors’ approach and understand capacity building to advance as a field. Future work should clarify how individual journals’ capacity-building efforts can be facilitated and how journals can collectively reimagine spaces for knowledge-building conversations.
Age-related Psychometric Dimensionality Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition Opioid Use Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Falise Alyssa M. , Li Ziying , Huggins-Manley Anne Corinne , Lopez-Quintero Catalina , Cottler Linda B. , Striley Catherine W. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
Age-related psychometric differences in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnostic criteria have been hypothesized, but not been tested. This study investigated DSM-5 OUD diagnostic criteria for age-related measurement noninvariance among younger adults (YAs) and middle/older adults (MOAs) with past 12-month nonmedical use of prescription opioids.

Methods
People who participated in the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III and reported past 12-month nonmedical use of prescription opioids were included. YAs were 18–49 years old, and MOAs were 50+ years old. Item response theory, differential item functioning (DIF), and differential test functioning were used to assess for age-related measurement noninvariance.

Results
One in 5 people met the DSM-5 OUD diagnostic criteria for OUD within the past 12 months, with the most endorsed criteria being tolerance (17.96%). DIF was identified for 3 criteria, including (1) taking opioids for longer or in larger doses than intended, (2) long periods spent obtaining/using/recovering from use, and (3) withdrawal. DIF was associated with the latent OUD severity needed to correctly endorse the criteria, with criteria being correctly endorsed at less severe levels of latent OUD for MOAs when compared with YAs. Differential test functioning analyses showed collectively the criteria had improved detection in MOAs when compared with YAs (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that there may be age-related variations in the DSM-5 OUD diagnostic criteria’s ability to detect latent OUD. Future research should identify contributing factors and the influence it has on the accuracy of age-specific surveillance estimations.
Wound Care Capacity of the Addiction Workforce in the Setting of Xylazine
Authors: Jawa Raagini , Blakemore Samantha , Murray Stephen , Ventura Alicia S. , Hristova Tavita , Wilder Alexa , Shang Margaret , Johnson Tehya , LaBelle Colleen 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
As xylazine increasingly adulterates the unregulated opioid supply, people who use drugs (PWUD) are more likely to experience sequalae from xylazine. Given xylazine exposure is consistently associated with development of wounds which can heal with medically directed wound care, we sought to understand the level of preparedness and ability of front-line addiction professionals who interact with PWUD to provide wound care treatment.

Methods
We administered a 26-item online survey assessing participant and organizational characteristics, level of wound care training, ability to test for xylazine and treat xylazine-associated wounds, and funding and billing characteristics to a national sample of addiction professionals using a listserv of over 11,000 individuals.

Results
We had a response rate of 12.8% in which 1,280 met eligibility criteria and completed the survey, with the majority (23.7%) being nurses. While nearly all participants had cared for patients who had experienced any xylazine-associated harms, less than half (43.6%) had cared for patients with xylazine wounds and 43.4% had any training or certification in wound care, including 26.9% of physicians. Although 75.9% of participants had access to wound care supplies, just 19.5% provided wound care services onsite.

Conclusions
Most addiction professionals, especially physicians, lack wound care training and do not provide onsite treatment for drug-associated wounds at the organizational level. There is a critical need to bridge this gap in knowledge and build capacity to provide evidence-based wound care services to PWUD in areas impacted by xylazine adulteration.
Interspinous Motion Measurement Could Serve as a Quantitative Method for Assessing Bony Fusion After Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion
Authors: Wang Haoxiang , Xia Tian , Qu Ruomu , Sun Yu , Zhang Fengshan , Pan Shengfa , Chen Xin , Zhao Yanbin , Jiang Liang , Zhou Feifei 
Published: July 2024

Study Design.
A retrospective diagnostic test study.

Objective.
To establish quantitative fusion criteria for ACCF.

Summary of Background Data.
Currently, the criteria of fusion after ACCF remains controversial. Evaluation techniques such as observation of continuous bony trabeculae across the fusion site were qualitative and conducted by naked eyes, limiting its accuracy. Dynamic fusion indicators such as interspinous motion (ISM) have been successfully utilized in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for evaluating fusion and detecting pseudarthrosis. However, the accuracy of ISM in ACCF is unclear.

Methods.
Patients who underwent ACCF in our hospital were reviewed. Imaging data including dynamic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were collected. The distance and angle form of ISM (ISM-dis and ISM-ang) were measured on dynamic radiograph, with CT as the gold standard for fusion. The correlation between ISM methods was analyzed using Spearmann correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the accuracy and generate optimal cutoff values. Three observers independently measured the data twice to determine interobserver and intraobserver reliability.

Results.
Our study included 178 imaging datasets. ISM-dis showed positive correlation with ISM-ang (r=0.914). The area under ROC (AUC) for ISM-dis and ISM-ang was 0.926 and 0.893. Applying a cutoff value of 1.50 mm to ISM-dis yielded a sensitivity of 87.8% and specificity of 92.3% for detecting pseudarthrosis. For ISM-ang, a cutoff value of 1.75° resulted in a sensitivity of 79.1% and specificity of 92.3%. Intraobserver reliabilities for ISM-dis (0.986, 0.984, and 0.972) were higher than for ISM-ang (0.935, 0.963, and 0.935), as was interobserver reliability (0.985 for ISM-dis and 0.956 for ISM-ang). Fusion rates calculated using ISM-dis and ISM-ang were 52.4% and 61.9%.

Conclusions.
ISM can serve as an alternative to CT for assessing fusion, with ISM-dis at a 1.50-mm cutoff and ISM-ang at 1.75°, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy.
Reducing language barriers, promoting information absorption, and communication using fanyi
Authors: Wang Difei , Chen Guannan , Li Lin , Wen Shaodi , Xie Zijing , Luo Xiao , Zhan Li , Xu Shuangbin , Li Junrui , Wang Rui , Wang Qianwen , Yu Guangchuang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Interpreting genes of interest is essential for identifying molecular mechanisms, but acquiring such information typically involves tedious manual retrieval. To streamline this process, the fanyi package offers tools to retrieve gene information from sources like National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), significantly enhancing accessibility. Additionally, understanding the latest research advancements and sharing achievements are crucial for junior researchers. However, language barriers often restrict knowledge absorption and career development. To address these challenges, we developed the fanyi package, which leverages artificial intelligence (AI)-driven online translation services to accurately translate among multiple languages. This dual functionality allows researchers to quickly capture and comprehend information, promotes a multilingual environment, and fosters innovation in academic community. Meanwhile, the translation functions are versatile and applicable beyond biomedicine research to other domains as well. The fanyi package is freely available at https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/fanyi.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Emami Seyed Amir Hossein , Khajeh-Mehrizi Ahmad , Safaee-Nodehi Seyed Reza , Dabiri Mohammad Reza , Emami Seyed Amir Mahdi 
Published: July 2024

Although there is limited information on efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), they are increasingly used by patients with cancer. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of CAM use among a sample of Iranian cancer patients. In this cross-sectional study, conducted in an outpatient cancer clinic, patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies in different stages were asked to complete a questionnaire to measure CAM usage. A total of 131 patients with a median age of 58 years (18–86 years) participated in this study. CAM use was reported by 51.9% (n = 68) of the patients. Female gender and higher education level were significantly associated with the use of CAM (OR = 2.47, P value = .01 and OR = 2.55, P value = .02, respectively). Vitamins and minerals were the most frequently used CAM (n = 37, 54.4%). The main reasons for CAM use were to improve immune system and fight cancer (n = 48, 70.6%) followed by relieve side-effects from conventional cancer treatments (n = 26, 38.2%). Although three (4.4%) patients reported side-effects, most patients (n = 53, 77.9%) were satisfied with their CAM use. Among CAM users, 55 (80.9%) patients had reported their CAM use to physician. The CAM use is highly prevalent among adult cancer patients. Health care providers need to raise their awareness on probable disadvantages or benefits of CAMs and discuss these issues with patients.
Exploring the Protective Role of Aspirin Use in Mitigating Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Metastasis
Authors: Paladiya Ruchir , Khoury Neil , Shah Mihir , Moond Vishali , Patel Nishit , Bahirwani Janak , Garg Ayushi , Sohal Aalam , Vaziri Haleh 
Published: July 2024

Despite advancements in treatment strategies, the mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) remains high. Evidence suggests that aspirin (ASA) may have a protective effect on CRC incidence and metastasis through various mechanisms. The 2016 to 2020 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify adult patients (age above 18 y) with the principal diagnosis of CRC. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on ASA use. The outcomes studied were in-hospital mortality and rates of total, gastrointestinal (GI), non-GI, and lymphoid metastasis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of ASA use on outcomes after adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). Of the 814,270 patients, 88,620 (10.8%) used ASA, with the majority being aged above 65 years (78%), male (57%), white (77.6%), and had Medicare insurance (74.5%). There was a higher prevalence of Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Chronic pulmonary disease, Coronary artery disease, Chronic kidney disease, Chronic heart failure, Obesity, and Smoking among aspirin users than among non-ASA users. Patients who used ASA had a lower prevalence of total (47.3% vs. 32.5%,P<0.001), GI (22.2% vs. 32.4%,P<0.001), non-GI (9.9% vs. 15.3%,P<0.001), and lymphoid (9.3% vs. 10.9%,P<0.001) metastasis compared with those who did not use ASA. After adjusting for confounding factors, patients with ASA use had lower odds of total (aOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.72-0.78,P<0.001), GI (aOR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.71-0.77,P<0.001), non-GI (aOR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68-0.77,P<0.1), and statistically insignificant odds of lymphoid (aOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90-1.00,P=0.098) metastasis. The use of ASA is associated with a decrease in the prevalence of metastasis among individuals diagnosed with CRC, but additional studies are required to elucidate the mechanism and duration of therapy needed to be effective.
Engaging Nonphysician Staff in Practice Facilitation-Mediated Quality Improvement to Improve Health Outcomes in Under-Resourced Clinical Practices in New York City
Authors: De Leon Samantha , Tabaei Bahman P. , Glenn Lily , Das Sonali , Fana Ernesto , Pham-Singer Hang 
Published: July 2024

In New York City (NYC), hypertension and high cholesterol disproportionately affect residents with low household income and people of color. The NYC Health Department employed practice facilitation (PF) to help nonphysician staff assume added roles aligned with team-based care. The objective was to improve blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol management in 132 small primary care practices serving mostly patients of color. We categorized practices into higher or lower levels of integrated PF, defined as physicians and nonphysician staff collectively participating in PF. Higher integrated PF was associated with improvements in BP (rate ratio [RR] = 1.09, P-value < .05) and cholesterol management (RR = 1.12, P-value < .01). Nonphysician staff in higher integrated PF practices reported skills enhancement and improved teamwork. Involving nonphysician staff in PF-mediated quality improvement efforts can be an effective strategy to improve health outcomes in small clinical practices serving communities with a higher burden of chronic disease and disproportionately impacted by poverty and structural racism.
Using Online Surveys for Routine Campylobacter Case Investigations in Colorado, September 2020-December 2021
Authors: Hewitson Ingrid , White Alice E. , Walter Elaine Scallan , Jervis Rachel H. 
Published: July 2024

Context:
Routine case investigations are critical for enteric disease control and surveillance. Given limited resources and staffing, public health agencies are exploring more efficient case investigation methods.

Objective:
To identify and describe the advantages and disadvantages of using online surveys to supplement routine enteric disease case investigations.

Design:
We evaluated routine Campylobacter interview data collected via telephone vs online by interviewers with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment.

Setting and Participation:
Colorado laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter cases reported from September 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021.

Main Outcome Measures:
We calculated modality preference, response rates, and data quality (missing and unknown answers) and compared demographics (age, gender, and urban vs rural) by modality. Estimated staff time savings and investigation timeliness were compared.

Results:
Modality preference was split among the 966 contacted Campylobacter cases (46% telephone, 50% online, and 4% refusal). Among online respondents, 57% completed the survey for an overall 63% response rate. Females and those 18 to 44 years of age were most likely to select (55%, 60%) and complete (57%, 66%) the online survey, while those under 18 and over 65 years of age were least likely to select (47%, 45%) or complete (53%, 46%). Those who identified as non-Hispanic Black were most likely to select online (62%), whereas those who identified as mixed-race non-Hispanic and non-Hispanic White had the highest completion (78%, 60%). Modality preference was comparable by geography; however, rural residents had higher completion rates (61%). Data quality and completeness were comparable between modalities. Completing the 274 online surveys via telephone would have taken an estimated 78 hours of additional staff time.

Conclusions:
Online surveys can increase public health efficiency and capacity while maintaining data quality. However, use should be limited to high-burden, low-resource pathogens due to reduced response rates. Understanding implementation best practices and conducting regular evaluation are critical for optimization.