bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Backing our men »
Authors: Belot Céline 
Published: February 2014

Intervenir ou non, telle est la question qui se trouve désormais posée pour les forces occidentales à chaque nouveau conflit. Si la décision d’engager des troupes est une prérogative des dirigeants, le soutien des citoyens apparaît désormais comme l’un des éléments pris en compte dans la décision. Dans cette perspective, le présent article propose d’évaluer le soutien des citoyens en France et au Royaume-Uni aux interventions armées, d’en saisir les variations et de s’interroger sur le processus dont il découle à travers l’analyse d’un double jeu de données : l’enquête sur les valeurs des Européens ( evs ) autour de la question de la confiance en l’armée et des corpus médiatiques ( Le Monde, Ouest-France, The Independent et The Sun ). Nos résultats indiquent que si l’armée nationale est désormais perçue très positivement, ce qui permet d’envisager plus facilement son déploiement hors des frontières nationales, ses actions sont cependant justiciables des valeurs en vigueur dans les démocraties occidentales et elle ne saurait s’en abstraire sans risquer d’être blâmée. L’armée apparaît donc à la fois comme investie de fortes demandes et sous le contrôle des citoyens.
De la professionnalisation à la reconnaissance professionnelle
Authors: Jorro Anne , Wittorski Richard 
Published: February 2014

La question des liens entre professionnalisation et reconnaissance professionnelle conduit à discuter une conception d’ensemble sur ce que font les individus en situation de formation ou de travail, à partir de qualités attendues ou attribuées dans des dispositifs spécifiques, et la manière dont ils sont reconnus dans ces mêmes situations. L’intention de ce texte est de relier les éléments fondateurs de la professionnalisation aux processus de valorisation et de légitimation auxquels conduit la reconnaissance professionnelle. Nous chercherons à étudier une double question : comment penser les liens entre environnements-sujets-activités ? Comment penser les liens entre activités et compétences, et notamment comment concevoir la reconnaissance professionnelle des acteurs ? À partir de ce double questionnement, nous proposerons une conceptualisation du parcours du sujet agissant, de la professionnalisation à la reconnaissance professionnelle.
La reconnaissance du « travail » des malades : un enjeu pour le champ de l'éducation et de la formation
Authors: Tourette-Turgis Catherine , Thievenaz Joris 
Published: February 2014

Cette contribution interroge les rapports entre « reconnaissance » et « développement professionnel » à partir de recherches conduites sur plusieurs années dans le champ du soin et de l’éducation thérapeutique et prenant pour objet le « travail des malades » (Tourette-Turgis, 1996, 2007 et 2013 ; Tourette & Thievenaz, 2013). Les résultats de nos travaux mettent en évidence les enjeux entourant la « reconnaissance » (Jorro, 2011) de la singularité du travail du sujet malade mais aussi des dynamiques de « professionnalisation » (Wittorski, 2007) qui en découlent. En nous appuyant sur le postulat théorique de Strauss (1982), nous identifions trois dimensions du travail du malade, sur lesquelles nous reviendrons plus particulièrement.
La marque, levier stratégique dans le monde des affaires du sport
Authors: Richelieu André 
Published: February 2014

Cet article permet de tirer cinq enseignements sur la marque comme levier stratégique des organisations sportives. Premièrement, une marque sportive prend naissance dans un produit concurrentiel qui entretient l’espoir des fans. Deuxièmement, pour ne pas diluer la marque, il convient de trouver un équilibre entre le noyau et les caractéristiques auxiliaires du produit sportif. Troisièmement, plus les supporters sont impliqués, plus ils se sentent attachés à leur équipe, au point de l’internaliser et de se l’approprier, et ainsi de devenir des « fans-acteurs ». Quatrièmement, avec la mondialisation du sport, de nouvelles occasions s’offrent aux organisations occidentales, que certaines tardent malheureusement à saisir. Enfin, la mondialisation du sport ouvre ses portes aux pays émergents; ces nouveaux acteurs redéfinissent les contours de l’écosystème des affaires du sport ( sport business ).
La participation des consommateurs aux campagnes publicitaires : ses formes, ses avantages et ses limites
Authors: Divard Ronan 
Published: February 2014

Depuis l’avènement du Web 2.0 s’est développé le marketing participatif, qui vise à faire des consommateurs des acteurs du marketing des organisations. On observe notamment un fort développement des opérations qui ont pour but de faire participer les consommateurs à la création ou au choix des publicités. Cet article tente de répondre à deux questions fondamentales : pourquoi s’engager dans une opération publicitaire participative et comment le faire de manière efficace? Après avoir présenté les différentes formes que peut revêtir une opération de publicité participative, nous mettons en évidence les avantages potentiels, mais également les limites et les risques d’une telle opération, ainsi que ses conditions de succès.
Comment transmettre l'entreprise familiale à plusieurs enfants ?
Authors: Cisneros Martinez Luis Felipe , Deschamps Bérangère 
Published: February 2014

Transmettre son entreprise à tous ses enfants peut sembler la solution rêvée pour un dirigeant, dans la mesure où ces derniers sont compétents et volontaires. Mais la manière de procéder n’est pas si simple : s’agit-il de transférer de manière égale la propriété et la direction ? Comment le prédécesseur transmet-il l’entreprise à plusieurs successeurs ? Comment ces successeurs s’organisent-ils pour diriger ensemble l’entreprise ? Cet article décrit les difficultés qu’une telle situation entraîne, illustre celles-ci au moyen de neuf minicas et propose cinq conseils susceptibles d’aider les praticiens, les consultants et les dirigeants d’entreprise à optimiser le succès de tels transferts d’entreprise à plusieurs membres d’une fratrie.
Combined Inhibition of Complement and CD14 Efficiently Attenuated the Inflammatory Response Induced byStaphylococcus aureusin a Human Whole Blood Model
Authors: Skjeflo Espen W. , Christiansen Dorte , Espevik Terje , Nielsen Erik W. , Mollnes Tom E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe complement and TLR systems are activated in sepsis, contributing to an unfavorable inflammatory “storm.” Combined inhibition of these systems has been documented to efficiently attenuate the inflammatory responses induced by Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we hypothesized that the combined inhibition would attenuate the inflammatory responses induced by Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (strains Cowan and Wood), as well as S. aureus cell wall lipoteichoic acid (LTA), were incubated in thrombin-inhibited human whole blood. Complement was inhibited at the level of C3 and C5, and the TLRs by inhibiting CD14 and TLR2. Thirty-four inflammatory markers were measured by multiplex technology and flow cytometry. Thirteen markers increased significantly in response to Cowan and Wood, and 12 in response to LTA. Combined inhibition with the C3 inhibitor compstatin and the anti-CD14 Ab 18D11 significantly reduced 92 (Cowan, LTA) and 85% (Wood) of these markers. Compstatin alone significantly reduced 54 (Cowan), 38 (Wood), and 83% (LTA), whereas anti-CD14 alone significantly reduced 23, 15, and 67%, respectively. Further experiments showed that the effects of complement inhibition were mainly due to inhibition of C5a interaction with the C5a receptor. The effects on inhibiting CD14 and TLR2 were similar. The combined regimen was more efficient toward the bacterial effects than either complement or anti-CD14 inhibition alone. Complement was responsible for activation of and phagocytosis by both granulocytes and monocytes. Disrupting upstream recognition by inhibiting complement and CD14 efficiently attenuated S. aureus–induced inflammation and might be a promising treatment in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive sepsis.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of RORγt Regulates Th17 Signature Gene Expression and Suppresses Cutaneous Inflammation In Vivo
Authors: Skepner Jill , Ramesh Radha , Trocha Mark , Schmidt Darby , Baloglu Erkan , Lobera Mercedes , Carlson Thaddeus , Hill Jonathan , Orband-Miller Lisa A. , Barnes Ashley , Boudjelal Mohamed , Sundrud Mark , Ghosh Shomir , Yang Jianfei 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
IL-17–producing CD4+Th17 cells, CD8+Tc17 cells, and γδ T cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune psoriasis. RORγt is required for the differentiation of Th17 cells and expression of IL-17. In this article, we describe a novel, potent, and selective RORγt inverse agonist (TMP778), and its inactive diastereomer (TMP776). This chemistry, for the first time to our knowledge, provides a unique and powerful set of tools to probe RORγt-dependent functions. TMP778, but not TMP776, blocked human Th17 and Tc17 cell differentiation and also acutely modulated IL-17A production and inflammatory Th17-signature gene expression (Il17a, Il17f, Il22, Il26, Ccr6, and Il23) in mature human Th17 effector/memory T cells. In addition, TMP778, but not TMP776, inhibited IL-17A production in both human and mouse γδ T cells. IL-23–induced IL-17A production was also blocked by TMP778 treatment. In vivo targeting of RORγt in mice via TMP778 administration reduced imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like cutaneous inflammation. Further, TMP778 selectively regulated Th17-signature gene expression in mononuclear cells isolated from both the blood and affected skin of psoriasis patients. In summary, to our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that RORγt inverse agonists: 1) inhibit Tc17 cell differentiation, as well as IL-17 production by γδ T cells and CD8+ Tc17 cells; 2) block imiquimod-induced cutaneous inflammation; 3) inhibit Th17 signature gene expression by cells isolated from psoriatic patient samples; and 4) block IL-23–induced IL-17A expression. Thus, RORγt is a tractable drug target for the treatment of cutaneous inflammatory disorders, which may afford additional therapeutic benefit over existing modalities that target only IL-17A.
Temporal Lineage Tracing of Aire-Expressing Cells Reveals a Requirement for Aire in Their Maturation Program
Authors: Nishikawa Yumiko , Nishijima Hitoshi , Matsumoto Minoru , Morimoto Junko , Hirota Fumiko , Takahashi Satoru , Luche Hervé , Fehling Hans Joerg , Mouri Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Mitsuru 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Understanding the cellular dynamics of Aire-expressing lineage(s) among medullary thymic epithelial cells (AEL-mTECs) is essential for gaining insight into the roles of Aire in establishment of self-tolerance. In this study, we monitored the maturation program of AEL-mTECs by temporal lineage tracing, in which bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under control of the Aire regulatory element were crossed with reporter strains. We estimated that the half-life of AEL-mTECs subsequent to Aire expression was ∼7–8 d, which was much longer than that reported previously, owing to the existence of a post-Aire stage. We found that loss of Aire did not alter the overall lifespan of AEL-mTECs, inconsistent with the previous notion that Aire expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) might result in their apoptosis for efficient cross-presentation of self-antigens expressed by AEL-mTECs. In contrast, Aire was required for the full maturation program of AEL-mTECs, as exemplified by the lack of physiological downregulation of CD80 during the post-Aire stage in Aire-deficient mice, thus accounting for the abnormally increased CD80high mTECs seen in such mice. Of interest, increased CD80high mTECs in Aire-deficient mice were not mTEC autonomous and were dependent on cross-talk with thymocytes. These results further support the roles of Aire in the differentiation program of AEL-mTECs.
A Stakeholder–Human Capital Perspective on the Link between Social Performance and Executive Compensation
Authors: Madsen Peter M. , Bingham John B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT:The link between firm corporate social performance (CSP) and executive compensation could be driven by a sorting effect (a firm’s CSP is related to the initial levels of compensation of newly hired executives), or by an incentive effect (incumbent executives are rewarded for past firm CSP). Existing empirical work focuses exclusively on the incentive effect. In contrast, in this paper we explore the sorting effect of firm CSP on the initial compensation of newly hired executives. In doing so, we develop a novel theoretical approach based on an integration of stakeholder theory and human capital theory, suggesting a positive association between the initial compensation of executives and firm CSP strengths and concerns. It also suggests that the strength of this relationship varies between different executive roles (as a function of stakeholder-management responsibilities). We find support for this theoretical framework in a large sample of newly-hired executives employed by Standard & Poor 1500 firms.
The Oncological Outcome of HIFU for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Francesco Ziglioli  , Umberto Maestroni  
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Prostate cancer is considered one of the most important health problems. Due to the increased number of diagnosed patients and the inability to distinguish aggressive tumors, minimally-invasive procedures have become increasingly interesting. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an alternative option to radical surgery to treat prostate cancer. To date, however, no data are available on the efficacy of this technique in comparison to standard treatment. Methods and Results: We reviewed the literature to concentrate on the oncological outcome of HIFU treatment of prostate cancer with the following key words: hifu, high intensity focused ultrasound, ultrasonic therapy, transrectal hifu, prostate ablation. MedLine and Embase via Ovid database were searched. Selection criteria were: English language, articles published between 2006 and 2013, case series including more than 150 participants and reported data on oncological outcome. Thirteen uncontrolled studies were identified. No randomized controlled trials (RCT) were found in the literature comparing HIFU to other routine approaches to prostate cancer treatment. Conclusion: HIFU seems to be a promising minimally-invasive treatment for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, especially for patients who are unfit for radical surgery. Prospective studies with longer follow-up periods and RCT are required to properly assess the benefits of HIFU and to compare this treatment with standard treatment.
Le quatuor à cordes : une géométrie sociale
Authors: Merkel Clemens , Huetz de Lemps Hélène 
Published: February 2014

Dans cet article, le violoniste Clemens Merkel, membre du Quatuor Bozzini, parle des caractéristiques propres de cette formation musicale à nulle autre pareille, qui existe depuis 250 ans : le quatuor à cordes. Il en décrit le caractère immuable (toujours les quatre mêmes instruments, et jamais un de plus) et démocratique, en l’opposant notamment à d’autres formations issues du passé, comme l’orchestre symphonique, à la structure hiérarchique lourde et socialement dépassée. Après un survol de la symbolique du chiffre quatre, Merkel entreprend un bref historique, avec un détour obligé par le père de la tradition, Beethoven, et les grands innovateurs du xxe siècle. À la faveur d’une discussion sur l’éclatement des normes, avec les Kagel et autres Crumb, il conclut sur la bonne santé de la formation et ses chances de survie pour les 250 prochaines années.
L’Échelle québécoise de comportements adaptatifs au Maroc
Authors: Daoudi Hassan , Haelewyck Marie-Claire 
Published: February 2014

Les personnes handicapées sont beaucoup plus prédisposées à vivre des difficultés au niveau de l’intégration scolaire que la population ordinaire. De plus, elles ont tendance à ne pas être diagnostiquées par les professionnels qui les encadrent. Au Maroc, l’évaluation de ces personnes est considérée actuellement comme le principal point faible. Le présent article répond à deux objectifs : l’adaptation au contexte scolaire marocain de l’Échelle québécoise de comportements adaptatifs – version scolaire et un essai de validation sociale, auprès des parents et des enseignants. Il ressort que cet outil adapté au contexte marocain est intéressant, répond à la demande du milieu et reçoit un accueil positif. Il peut donner une base de travail, éclairer les équipes éducatives sur les compétences acquises par chaque enfant et contribuer à l’élaboration d’un projet pédagogique individualisé.
INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND COOPERATION IN SLOVENIA
Authors: Meško Maja , Pungeršek Maja , Sulkan Jana , Meško Štok Zlatka 
Published: February 2014

Population ageing and the current crisis require a new solidarity betweengenerations. With low birth rate and the prolongation of life, the classic intergenerationalrelationships in Slovenia are quickly changing, therefore it is demandedfrom policymakers, that in cooperation with experts and civil society, they re-definethem. The purpose of the research is to study and analyse intergenerationalconnectedness by way of reviewing the current situation. The prevalence of oldergeneration is increasing more and more. Older people often encounter problems likeloneliness, depression, loss of motor and functional abilities. They are also prone tovarious illnesses. For elderly, loneliness especially can represent a common problemwhich makes their past rich lives empty and unworthy. On the basis of the surveyconducted, activities that could bring together different generations are suggested.The study focuses on two groups: the young and the old generation. Thequestionnaires were designed for each of these groups separately. Thus we managedto compile the needs and wishes of both target groups. The complementaryknowledge of our study contributes to a new level of quality in the field ofintergenerational cooperation and health improvement. Moreover, it contributes to a better integration of lonely elderly people as well as young people deprived ofphysical social integration due to the negative influence of advanced technologies.
ISKUSTVO PRETPRISTUPNIH FONDOVA // EXPERIENCE WITH PRE-ACCESSION FUNDS
Authors: Knežević Sanja , Kulaš Anita , Stanić Milan 
Published: February 2014

Prije ulaska u Europsku uniju ključno je stvoriti interne kapacitete kojima jeosnovni cilj iskorištavanje financijskih i poslovnih prilika koje se otvaraju kroz EUfondove. Svaka država koja je na putu prema članstvu u Europsku uniju od trenutkapotpisivanja ugovora o pristupanju ima mogućnosti dobiti financijsko-tehničkupomoć od Europske unije. Na taj način joj se želi olakšati proces pridruživanja. To seostvaruje pretpristupnim fondovima, čija je ključna uloga smanjenje gospodarskih isocijalnih razlika na zajedničkom europskom području. Pored toga, pretpristupnifondovi bi trebali pomoći državama brži i djelotvorniji rast i razvitak, olakšatiprivlačenje novih investicija, povećati izvoz, smanjiti zaduženost, itd. Iskustva uiskorištavanju predpristupnih fondova pružaju drugim državama dobru podlogu ipriliku da se na vrijeme pripreme i za ostale instrumente regionalne politike u kojimaće ravnopravno sudjelovati kada postanu punopravne države članice Europske unije.Cilj rada je na konkretnom primjeru izrađenog i odobrenog projekta u sklopu IPA IVmodela koji se financira sredstvima Europske unije prikazati tok najvažnijihkomponenti projekta te način kako se najvažnije komponente povezuju u jedanzajednički projekt koji ima preduvjete da bude prihvaćen od strane Europskekomisije. Projekt je rađen za područje obrazovanja i to naglasak na povezivanjuformalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja sa radom u praksi. // Before entering the European Union it is essential to create internal capacitywhich the main objective is the utilization of financial and business opportunitiesarising through EU funds. Each country which is on the path to membership in theEuropean Union since the signing the Accession Treaty has the possibility to getfinancial and technical assistance from the European Union. In this way, it simplifiesthe process of accession. This is accomplished by pre-accession funds, whose key roleis reducing economic and social disparities in the European Common Area. Inaddition, pre-accession funds should help countries faster and more efficient growthand development, to facilitate attraction of new investment, increase exports, reducedebt, etc. Experiences in using pre-accession funds provide a good basis to othercountries and the opportunity to prepare in time for the other instruments of regionalpolicy in which they will participate equally when they become full members of theEuropean Union. The aim of this paper is on a concrete example, created andapproved project under IPA IV model, which is financed by European Union fundsshow the flow of the most important components of the project and the way how themost important components are connected in joint project that has the prerequisites tobe accepted by the European Commission.
The bathymetry of a Titan sea
Authors: Mastrogiuseppe Marco , Poggiali Valerio , Hayes Alexander , Lorenz Ralph , Lunine Jonathan , Picardi Giovanni , Seu Roberto , Flamini Enrico , Mitri Giuseppe , Notarnicola Claudia , Paillou Philippe , Zebker Howard 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe construct the depth profile—the bathymetry—of Titan's large sea Ligeia Mare from Cassini RADAR data collected during the 23 May 2013 (T91) nadir‐looking altimetry flyby. We find the greatest depth to be about 160 m and a seabed slope that is gentler toward the northern shore, consistent with previously imaged shoreline morphologies. Low radio signal attenuation through the sea demonstrates that the liquid, for which we determine a loss tangent of 3 ± 1·10−5, is remarkably transparent, requiring a nearly pure methane‐ethane composition, and further that microwave absorbing hydrocarbons, nitriles, and suspended particles be limited to less than the order of 0.1% of the liquid volume. Presence of nitrogen in the ethane‐methane sea, expected based on its solubility and dominance in the atmosphere, is consistent with the low attenuation, but that of substantial dissolved polar species or suspended scatterers is not.
Detection and characterization of 0.5–8 MeV neutrons near Mercury: Evidence for a solar origin
Authors: Lawrence David J. , Feldman William C. , Goldsten John O. , Peplowski Patrick N. , Rodgers Douglas J. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractData from the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) Neutron Spectrometer (NS) have been used to identify energetic neutrons (0.5–8 MeV energy) associated with solar events that occurred on 4 June 2011. Multiple lines of evidence, including measurements from the NS and the MESSENGER Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer, indicate that the detected neutrons have a solar origin. This evidence includes a lack of time‐coincident, energetic (>45 MeV) charged particles that could otherwise create local neutrons from nearby spacecraft material and a lack of proton‐induced gamma rays that should be seen if energetic protons were present. NS data cannot rule out the presence of lower‐energy ions (<30 MeV) that can produce local neutrons. However, the ion spectral shape required to produce the measured neutron count rate locally is softer than any known ion spectral shape. The neutron energy spectrum shows a relative enhancement in the energy range 0.8–3 MeV compared with cosmic‐ray‐generated neutrons from the spacecraft or Mercury. The spectral shape of the measured neutron fluence spectrum is consistent with a previously modeled fluence spectrum of neutrons that originate at the Sun and are propagated through the MESSENGER spacecraft to the NS. These measurements provide strong evidence for a solar origin of the detected neutrons and suggest that a large number of low‐energy threshold ion evaporation reactions were taking place on the Sun during the neutron event.