bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convexity characteristic of Calderón–Lozanovskiĭ sequence spaces
Authors: Yan Yaqiang , Hou Zhentao 
Published: February 2014

Hudzik, Kamińska and Mastyło obtained some geometric properties of Calderón–Lozanovskiĭ function spaces which are defined on a nonatomic σ‐measure space in Houston. J. Math. 22 (1996), but left the case of atomic measure unsolved. We studied the relevant problems for the sequence spaces and obtained the following main results:

For the Calderón–Lozanovskiĭ sequence spaces , is order continuous if and only if and e is order continuous.
Let Φ be strictly convex on , then the convex characteristic whenever e is not order continuous or ; if e is uniformly monotone and , then .
For the Orlicz‐Lorentz sequence space , if or , or ω is not regular; if Φ is strictly convex on , and ω is regular.
Mutation spectrum and genotype‐phenotype correlations in a large French cohort of MYH9‐Related Disorders
Authors: Saposnik Béatrice , Binard Sylvie , Fenneteau Odile , Nurden Alan , Nurden Paquita , Hurtaud‐Roux Marie‐Françoise , Schlegel Nicole ,   the French MYH9 network
Published: February 2014

AbstractMYH9‐Related Disorders are a group of rare autosomal dominant platelet disorders presenting as nonsyndromic forms characterized by macrothrombocytopenia with giant platelets and leukocyte inclusion bodies or as syndromic forms combining these hematological features with deafness and/or nephropathy and/or cataracts. They are caused by mutations in the MYH9 gene encoding the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II‐A (NMMHC‐IIA). Until now, at least 49 MYH9 mutations have been reported in isolated cases or small series but only rarely in large series. We report the results of an 8‐year study of a large cohort of 109 patients from 37 sporadic cases and 39 unrelated families. We have identified 43 genetic variants, 21 of which are novel to our patients. A majority, 33 (76.7%), were missense mutations and six exons were preferentially targeted, as previously published. The other alterations were three deletions of one nucleotide, one larger deletion of 21 nucleotides, and one duplication. For the first time, a substitution T>A was found in the donor splice site of intron 40 (c.5765+2T>A). Seven patients, four from the same family, had two genetic variants. The analysis of the genotype‐phenotype relationships enabled us to improve the knowledge of this heterogeneous but important rare disease.
Enhanced water and cryoprotectant permeability of porcine oocytes after artificial expression of human and zebrafish aquaporin‐3 channels
Authors: Morató Roser , Chauvigné François , Novo Sergi , Bonet Sergi , Cerdà Joan 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYOne of the major obstacles for the vitrification of mature porcine oocytes with ethylene glycol is their low permeability to this cryoprotectant, which results in osmotic stress‐induced cell damage and low survival. Pig blastocysts, on the other hand, show enhanced water and cryoprotectant permeability, which has been related to the transcriptional activation of aquaporin‐3 (AQP3) channels at this stage of development. In this study, we asked if expression of cRNAs encoding two aquaglyceroporins, human AQP3 (hAQP3) or the zebrafish Aqp3b‐T85A mutant, in porcine oocytes can increase their permeability. Microinjection of germinal‐vesicle‐stage oocytes with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or AQP3 cRNAs resulted in the expression of the corresponding proteins in ∼26% of the metaphase‐II stage oocytes at 40–44 hr of in vitro culture; co‐injection of EGFP cRNA appeared to be a suitable marker for oocyte selection since all EGFP‐positive oocytes also expressed the corresponding aquaporin. Using this method, we found that mature oocytes co‐expressing EGFP and hAQP3 or EGFP and Aqp3b‐T85A showed approximately a twofold increase of the hydraulic conductivity (Lp) with respect non‐injected or EGFP alone‐injected oocytes in a 0.43 M sucrose or 1.3 M ethylene glycol solution, whereas the ethylene glycol permeability (PEG) of EGFP + hAQP3 and EGFP + Aqp3b‐T85A oocytes was 6.7‐ and 12‐fold higher, respectively, than control oocytes. These data demonstrate that the artificial expression of aquaglyceroporins in porcine metaphase‐II oocytes improves their permeability, and that the zebrafish Aqp3b‐T85A mutant is more efficient than the human channel at increasing the oocyte permeability to ethylene glycol. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: ???–???, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nrf2 Regulates Neurogenesis and Protects Neural Progenitor Cells Against Aβ Toxicity
Authors: Kärkkäinen Virve , Pomeshchik Yuriy , Savchenko Ekaterina , Dhungana Hiramani , Kurronen Antti , Lehtonen Sarka , Naumenko Nikolay , Tavi Pasi , Levonen Anna-Liisa , Yamamoto Masayuki , Malm Tarja , Magga Johanna , Kanninen Katja M. , Koistinaho Jari 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferate and produce new neurons in neurogenic areas throughout the lifetime. While these cells represent potential therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, regulation of neurogenesis is not completely understood. We show that deficiency of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a transcription factor induced in response to oxidative stress, prevents the ischemia-induced increase in newborn neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Consistent with this finding, the growth of NPC neurospheres was increased by lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 gene or by treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an Nrf2 activating compound. Also, neuronal differentiation of NPCs was increased by Nrf2 overexpression or PDTC treatment but reduced by Nrf2 deficiency. To investigate the impact of Nrf2 on NPCs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we treated NPCs with amyloid beta (Aβ), a toxic peptide associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive abnormalities in AD. We found that Aβ1–42-induced toxicity and reduction in neurosphere proliferation were prevented by Nrf2 overexpression, while Nrf2 deficiency enhanced the Aβ1–42-induced reduction of neuronal differentiation. On the other hand, Aβ1–40 had no effect on neurosphere proliferation in wt NPCs but increased the proliferation of Nrf2 overexpressing neurospheres and reduced it in Nrf2-deficient neurospheres. These results suggest that Nrf2 is essential for neuronal differentiation of NPCs, regulates injury-induced neurogenesis and provides protection against Aβ-induced NPC toxicity. Stem Cells 2014;32:1904–1916
PRL2/PTP4A2 Phosphatase Is Important for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Authors: Kobayashi Michihiro , Bai Yunpeng , Dong Yuanshu , Yu Hao , Chen Sisi , Gao Rui , Zhang Lujuan , Yoder Mervin C. , Kapur Reuben , Zhang Zhong-Yin , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is tightly controlled by cytokines and other signals in the microenvironment. While stem cell factor (SCF) is an early acting cytokine that activates the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT and promotes HSC maintenance, how SCF/KIT signaling is regulated in HSCs is poorly understood. The protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A (PTP4A) family (aka PRL [phosphatase of regenerating liver] phosphatases), consisting of PTP4A1/PRL1, PTP4A2/PRL2, and PTP4A3/PRL3, represents an intriguing group of phosphatases implicated in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. However, the role of PTP4A in hematopoiesis remains elusive. To define the role of PTP4A in hematopoiesis, we analyzed HSC behavior in Ptp4a2 (Prl2) deficient mice. We found that Ptp4a2 deficiency impairs HSC self-renewal as revealed by serial bone marrow transplantation assays. Moreover, we observed that Ptp4a2 null hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are more quiescent and show reduced activation of the AKT and ERK signaling. Importantly, we discovered that the ability of PTP4A2 to enhance HSPC proliferation and activation of AKT and ERK signaling depends on its phosphatase activity. Furthermore, we found that PTP4A2 is important for SCF-mediated HSPC proliferation and loss of Ptp4a2 decreased the ability of oncogenic KIT/D814V mutant in promoting hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. Thus, PTP4A2 plays critical roles in regulating HSC self-renewal and mediating SCF/KIT signaling. Stem Cells 2014;32:1956–1967
Barx2 and Pax7 Have Antagonistic Functions in Regulation of Wnt Signaling and Satellite Cell Differentiation
Authors: Zhuang Lizhe , Hulin Julie-Ann , Gromova Anastasia , Tran Nguyen Thi Diem , Yu Ruth T. , Liddle Christopher , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. , Makarenkova Helen P. , Meech Robyn 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is critical for myogenesis and can induce muscle progenitors to switch from proliferation to differentiation; how Wnt signals integrate with muscle-specific regulatory factors in this process is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that the Barx2 homeobox protein promotes differentiation in cooperation with the muscle regulatory factor (MRF) MyoD. Pax7, another important muscle homeobox factor, represses differentiation. We now identify Barx2, MyoD, and Pax7 as novel components of the Wnt effector complex, providing a new molecular pathway for regulation of muscle progenitor differentiation. Canonical Wnt signaling induces Barx2 expression in muscle progenitors and perturbation of Barx2 leads to misregulation of Wnt target genes. Barx2 activates two endogenous Wnt target promoters as well as the Wnt reporter gene TOPflash, the latter synergistically with MyoD. Moreover, Barx2 interacts with the core Wnt effectors β-catenin and T cell-factor 4 (TCF4), is recruited to TCF/lymphoid enhancer factor sites, and promotes recruitment of β-catenin. In contrast, Pax7 represses the Wnt reporter gene and antagonizes the activating effect of Barx2. Pax7 also binds β-catenin suggesting that Barx2 and Pax7 may compete for interaction with the core Wnt effector complex. Overall, the data show for the first time that Barx2, Pax7, and MRFs can act as direct transcriptional effectors of Wnt signals in myoblasts and that Barx2 and Wnt signaling participate in a regulatory loop. We propose that antagonism between Barx2 and Pax7 in regulation of Wnt signaling may help mediate the switch from myoblast proliferation to differentiation. Stem Cells 2014;32:1661–1673
Game playing
Authors: Rosin Christopher D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGame playing has been a core domain of artificial intelligence research since the beginnings of the field. Game playing provides clearly defined arenas within which computational approaches can be readily compared to human expertise through head‐to‐head competition and other benchmarks. Game playing research has identified several simple core algorithms that provide successful foundations, with development focused on the challenges of defeating human experts in specific games. Key developments include minimax search in chess, machine learning from self‐play in backgammon, and Monte Carlo tree search in Go. These approaches have generalized successfully to additional games. While computers have surpassed human expertise in a wide variety of games, open challenges remain and research focuses on identifying and developing new successful algorithmic foundations. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:193–205. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1278This article is categorized under:

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence
bwtool: a tool for bigWig files
Authors: Pohl Andy , Beato Miguel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
BigWig files are a compressed, indexed, binary format for genome-wide signal data for calculations (e.g. GC percent) or experiments (e.g. ChIP-seq/RNA-seq read depth). bwtool is a tool designed to read bigWig files rapidly and efficiently, providing functionality for extracting data and summarizing it in several ways, globally or at specific regions. Additionally, the tool enables the conversion of the positions of signal data from one genome assembly to another, also known as ‘lifting’. We believe bwtool can be useful for the analyst frequently working with bigWig data, which is becoming a standard format to represent functional signals along genomes. The article includes supplementary examples of running the software.
Availability and implementation: The C source code is freely available under the GNU public license v3 at http://cromatina.crg.eu/bwtool.
Contact: andrew.pohl@crg.eu, andypohl@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CoNtRol: an open source framework for the analysis of chemical reaction networks
Authors: Donnell Pete , Banaji Murad , Marginean Anca , Pantea Casian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Summary: We introduce CoNtRol, a web-based framework for analysis of chemical reaction networks (CRNs). It is designed to be both extensible and simple to use, complementing existing CRN-related tools. CoNtRol currently implements a number of necessary and/or sufficient structural tests for multiple equilibria, stable periodic orbits, convergence to equilibria and persistence, with the potential for incorporation of further tests.
Availability and implementation: Reference implementation: reaction-networks.net/control/. Source code and binaries, released under the GPLv3: reaction-networks.net/control/download/. Documentation: reaction-networks.net/wiki/CoNtRol.
Contact: pete.donnell@port.ac.uk
Successful Gastrostomy Tube Weaning Program Using an Intensive Multidisciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Brown Jessica , Kim Cindy , Lim Audrey , Brown Shonda , Desai Hema , Volker Leigh , Katz Mitchell 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary intensive inpatient model for gastrostomy tube (GT) weaning.Methods:A retrospective chart review was completed on 30 GT‐dependent children, ages 3.9 (±1.4) years, admitted to the inpatient feeding program (length of stay 19 days) from May 2009 to December 2011. Administered GT calories were decreased on admission by an average of 73% from home regimen. Patients were offered 3 meals and 2 to 3 snacks/day, including 3 intensive feeding therapy sessions (Monday to Friday), along with psychosocial support, nutrition guidance, and behavioral therapy. Daily calorie counts and weights were recorded. Patients returned for a postdischarge feeding evaluation at an average of 4 months and a clinic visit at 1 year. Data were analyzed using paired samples t tests.Results:Before admission, patients received 69% (±25) of goal calories by GT and 22% (±19) of goal calories orally. During admission, average caloric intake by mouth as a percentage of goal increased during the course of weeks 1, 2, and 3 (68%, 77%, and 82%, respectively), with a statistically significant increase between weeks 1 and 2 (P = 0.001) and 1 and 3 (P = 0.011). At discharge, 90% had discontinued GT feedings. Average percent weight change during admission was 0.2% (±4). At 1 year follow‐up, 83% remained successfully off GT feedings.Conclusions:Children who are GT dependent can be weaned off GT feedings during a 3‐week admission using a multidisciplinary feeding model. The therapeutic gains were maintained at 1 year postdischarge.
The Coordination of C4 Photosynthesis and the CO2-Concentrating Mechanism in Maize and Miscanthus × giganteus in Response to Transient Changes in Light Quality
Authors: Sun Wei , Ubierna Nerea , Ma Jian-Ying , Walker Berkley J. , Kramer David M. , Cousins Asaph B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Unequal absorption of photons between photosystems I and II, and between bundle-sheath and mesophyll cells, are likely to affect the efficiency of the CO2-concentrating mechanism in C4 plants. Under steady-state conditions, it is expected that the biochemical distribution of energy (ATP and NADPH) and photosynthetic metabolite concentrations will adjust to maintain the efficiency of C4 photosynthesis through the coordination of the C3 (Calvin-Benson-Bassham) and C4 (CO2 pump) cycles. However, under transient conditions, changes in light quality will likely alter the coordination of the C3 and C4 cycles, influencing rates of CO2 assimilation and decreasing the efficiency of the CO2-concentrating mechanism. To test these hypotheses, we measured leaf gas exchange, leaf discrimination, chlorophyll fluorescence, electrochromatic shift, photosynthetic metabolite pools, and chloroplast movement in maize (Zea mays) and Miscanthus × giganteus following transitional changes in light quality. In both species, the rate of net CO2 assimilation responded quickly to changes in light treatments, with lower rates of net CO2 assimilation under blue light compared with red, green, and blue light, red light, and green light. Under steady state, the efficiency of CO2-concentrating mechanisms was similar; however, transient changes affected the coordination of C3 and C4 cycles in M. giganteus but to a lesser extent in maize. The species differences in the ability to coordinate the activities of C3 and C4 cycles appear to be related to differences in the response of cyclic electron flux around photosystem I and potentially chloroplast rearrangement in response to changes in light quality.
In-house and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, protonated salts, complexes with gold(III) and copper(II), and an orthometallation product with palladium(II)
Authors: Krause Jeanette A. , Zhao Daoli , Chatterjee Sayandev , Falcon Roland , Stoltz Kristen , Warren John C. , Wiswell Sara E. , Connick William B. , Collins Sibrina N. 
Published: February 2014

Different salts of the 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium cation, (pnpH)+, are obtained by reacting 2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (pnp), C18H12N2, (I), with a variety of anions, such as hexafluoridophosphate, C18H13N2+·PF6−, (II), trifluoromethanesulfonate, C18H13N2+·CF3SO3−, (III), tetrachloridoaurate, (C18H13N2)[AuCl4], (IV), and bromide (as the dihydrate), C18H13N2+·Br−·2H2O, (V). Compound (I) crystallizes withZ′ = 2, with both independent molecules adopting a coplanar conformation. In (II)–(IV), a hydrogen bond exists between the cation and anion, while one of the lattice water molecules serves as a hydrogen-bonded bridge between the cation and anion in (V). Reaction of (I) with HAuCl4gives the salt complex (IV); however, reaction with KAuCl4produces the monodentate complex trichlorido(2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κN10)gold(III), [AuCl3(C18H12N2)], (VI). Dichlorido(2-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)copper(II), [CuCl2(C18H12N2)], (VII), results from the reaction of CuCl2·2H2O and (I), in which the CuIIcenter adopts a tetrahedrally distorted square-planar geometry. The pendent phenyl ring twists to a bisecting position relative to the phenanthroline plane. The square-planar PdIIcomplex, bromido[2-(phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl-κ3C1,N,N′]palladium(II), [PdBr(C18H11N2)], (VIII), is obtained from the reaction of (I) with [PdCl2(cycloocta-1,5-diene)], followed by addition of bromine. A coplanar geometry for the pendent ring is adopted as a result of the tridentate bonding motif.
Life span in the wild: the role of activity and climate in natural populations of bees
Authors: Straka Jakub , Černá Kateřina , Macháčková Lenka , Zemenová Monika , Keil Petr 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Animal life span is constrained by ecology and physiology. The latter has been studied under controlled conditions, but little is known about determinants of life span under natural conditions.

We studied the relationships between length of adult life, magnitude of foraging activity, and environmental abiotic conditions in two bee species: a pollen specialist Andrena vaga (Andrenidae) and a pollen generalist Anthophora plumipes (Apidae).

Our research indicates that life span is driven both directly by climate and indirectly through climate‐dependent activity patterns. We found a negative relationship between proportion of active days and length of life; in contrast, a high activity rate within the active days had no negative effect on longevity.

Individuals active during warm and/or wet days lived longer, with precipitation being a more important determinant of life span than temperature.

Timing of the first appearance at the site was also an important predictor of bee life span. Individuals that first appeared closer to the end of season (critical time horizon) lived a shorter time than individuals observed earlier. The first observed active day in the season was also correlated with seasonal temperature and precipitation.

We demonstrate that life span and activity patterns of wild populations of insects are regulated by a tractable interplay of ecological (mostly climatic) variables that were previously studied only in isolation or in vitro.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative lesions of the oral cavity
Authors: Cozzolino I. , Vigliar E. , Todaro P. , Peluso A. L. , Picardi M. , Sosa Fernandez L. V. , Mignogna M. D. , Tuccari G. , Selleri C. , Zeppa P. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveOral cavity non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OCL) is a rare condition that may be clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from other pathologies of the mouth. A complete excision or adequate biopsy of the OCL may be difficult. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been successfully utilized in the pre‐operative diagnosis of oral masses and in lymphoma involving other anatomical areas. Our experience with FNA pre‐operative cytological diagnosis of 16 OCLs is reported herein.MethodsThe results of FNA cytology on 16 consecutive lymphoproliferative lesions of the oral cavity collected over an 8‐year period in three institutions were retrieved. Sampled lesions were submucosal masses of different sizes bulging into the oral cavity. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) and routine cytological staining were performed. Immunocytochemistry (ICC), flow cytometry (FC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the IGH (immunoglobulin heavy) locus were performed on additional passes according to ROSE.ResultsFourteen OCLs, one myeloma and one florid reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (FRLH) were diagnosed by FNA. OCLs were diagnosed as large B‐cell (eight cases) and small B‐cell (six cases) lymphomas. Histology revealed eight diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL), four lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), two follicular lymphomas and one FRLH; no false‐negative or false‐positive results were diagnosed, but accurate subclassification was obtained in four cases only.ConclusionsFNA diagnosis of OCLs may be hampered by the rare incidence, anatomical context and difficulties in obtaining a sufficient amount of cells. Ancillary techniques should be used according to ROSE; a pre‐operative FNA cytology diagnosis can avoid unnecessary extensive surgery and speed up the institution of therapeutic procedures.