bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation des pratiques d’ingénierie en Asie du Sud
Authors: Trevelyan James 
Published: November 2014

L’article compare les pratiques d’ingénierie dans le premier monde aux difficultés rencontrées par les ingénieurs dans le tiers monde, dans les rues des mégapoles asiatiques. Il postule que l’ingénierie peut être considérée comme un levier qui amplifie l’effet des investissements économiques. L’ingénierie étant conçue comme l’application de principes scientifiques et mathématiques, l’hypothèse implicite est qu’un investissement donné en ingénierie devrait produire les mêmes avantages partout où elle est mise en œuvre. Observant les pratiques d’ingénierie en Asie du Sud et en Australie, l’auteur montre que cette hypothèse est discutable. L’hétérogénéité sociale des pratiques d’ingénierie et l’économie politique (l’enchevêtrement des réseaux de l’ingénierie avec les structures sociales et politiques), dont fait partie l’ingénierie, influencent les performances des investissements en ingénierie, provoquant de grandes différences en termes de service rendu. L’article passe brièvement en revue l’observation des pratiques d’ingénierie en comparant trois types de situation : les services publics d’approvisionnement en eau, la construction métallique et les télécommunications. Les performances dans les deux premiers secteurs semblent moindres en Asie du Sud qu’en Australie. Cependant, le succès inattendu de l’ingénierie en télécommunications donne une lueur d’espoir et soulève des questions concernant les différences de pratiques d’ingénierie d’une situation à l’autre. L’article affirme que nous devrions mieux comprendre les pratiques d’ingénierie et l’influence des facteurs sociaux, économiques et politiques, rarement mentionnés que ce soit dans la formation ou dans les discours managériaux. Il conclut que les enjeux liés aux pratiques d’ingénierie fournissent une partie au moins de l’explication de la pauvreté qui perdure.
Verrouillage professionnel
Authors: Chilvers Andrew , Bell Sarah 
Published: November 2014

Les ingénieurs seraient aujourd’hui plus que jamais contraints de traiter de problématiques sociétales. Pour autant, comme le montre cette étude de cas ethnographique portant sur un projet d’ingénierie des structures, les arrangements professionnels propres au domaine de la construction réduisent la marge de manœuvre des ingénieurs lorsqu’ils tentent de mettre en pratique certains de leurs objectifs normatifs. En effet, les réseaux sociotechniques auxquels ils prennent part tendent à les pousser vers les marges et les persuadent de s’adapter à des demandes pourtant incompatibles avec leurs préceptes normatifs. La persistance de cette mise à l’écart des ingénieurs au sein du processus de conception suggère ainsi un « verrouillage professionnel » qui pourrait bien être aussi envahissant et immuable que le « verrouillage technologique » souvent considéré comme l’obstacle le plus important à l’instauration d’écologies sociotechniques plus soutenables.
L’apprentissage technologique dans les pays émergents
Authors: Arvanitis Rigas , Villavicencio Daniel , Wei Zhao 
Published: November 2014

L’article propose une réflexion théorique fondée sur des travaux empiriques menés en Amérique latine et en Chine visant à identifier et caractériser l’apprentissage technologique des entreprises. Nous rappelons les différentes conceptions de l’apprentissage dans la littérature sur les entreprises et le travail et présentons une définition de l’apprentissage technologique. Abandonnant les perspectives fondées sur une caractérisation basée sur l’entreprise dans son ensemble, notre interprétation se démarque des travaux précédents en ce qu’elle propose de fixer la focale sur l’identification des activités technologiques à la fois internes et externes ainsi que sur les connaissances qualifiées de « techniques » qui les accompagnent, plutôt que sur la gestion ou les décisions économiques qui les concernent. Fonder ce point de vue permet un réexamen des questions concernant la mondialisation et l’irruption d’entreprises innovantes dans les pays émergents.
Pre-hospital care among victims of road traffic accident in a rural area of Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Pandian Pradeep , Shrivastava Prateek S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: The World Health Organization has estimated that globally almost 1.24 million people die annually on the world’s roads. The aim of the study was to assess the attributes of pre-hospital care in road traffic accidents (RTAs) victim brought to the health care establishment and to evaluate the pre-hospital trauma care provided in the rural areas of Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 3 months duration (June 2014 to August 2014) was conducted in the Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram. The method of sampling was universal sampling and all RTA victims satisfying the inclusion criteria were included in the study. During the entire study duration, total 200 RTA victims were included. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit the desired information after the victims of RTAs are stabilized. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee prior to the start of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from the study participants (patient/guardian of children) before obtaining any information from them. Data entry and statistical analysis were done using SPSS version 18. Frequency distributions and percentages were computed for all the variables. Results: Majority of the RTA victims 158 (79%) were from the age-group of 15-45 years. Most of the accidents were reported in night time [77 (38.5%)], on week-ends [113 (56.5%)], and involved two-wheelers [153 (76.5%)]. Almost 66 (33%) of the victims were not aware of the existence of emergency ambulance services. Also, only 15 (7.5%) victims were brought to the hospital in the emergency ambulance, of which only 3 victims were accompanied by a doctor. Conclusion: To conclude, the study indicates that a significant proportion of people were unaware about the emergency trauma ambulance services and the existing pre-hospital care services lack in multiple dimensions in a rural area of South India.
Kindred Crimes Poe's “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” and Doyle's The Sign of Four
Authors: Bertman Stephen 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle bestowed high praise on the literary achievements of Edgar Allan Poe, describing him in particular as the father of the modern detective story. Doyle's debt to Poe is most evident in the way he modeled Sherlock Holmes on C. Auguste Dupin, the intellectual detective–hero of three of Poe's tales, “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” “The Mystery of Marie Roget,” and “The Purloined Letter.” While comparative analyses of Poe's and Doyle's writings have rightly focused on the likenesses between the detectives in their stories, a striking similarity also exists between two of the cases those detectives investigated. After identifying numerous parallels between Doyle's The Sign of Four (1890) and Poe's “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841), the article concludes that Doyle, without ever acknowledging his source, took his novel's basic plot from Poe's short story.
Pain therapy in haemophilia in Germany
Authors: Schelle G. , Jost K. , Eberl W. , Tiede A. , Kalnins W. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryOne of many challenges in the treatment of persons with haemophilia is the selection and application of appropriate pain-relieving therapies. The current situation of pain management for persons with haemophilia in Germany was evaluated using a survey with the intention of identifying potential areas for improvement. Results of 685 respondents showed that 86% experienced episodes of pain and that pain was already present in 66% of children and adolescents. Joint pain was the most common type of pain (92%), remarkably so even in 80% of young patients. Half of the patients received pharmacological therapy for the pain and 46% of the patients received physiotherapy. Priority and sequence of the contacted physicians and therapists for diagnosis and therapy is described. Satisfaction with pain therapy was expressed by 56% of participants and 18% felt their pain not treated sufficiently.The results of the survey will be used to develop measures for improvement of long-term care of haemophilia patients regarding pain therapy.
Scale dependence of entrainment‐mixing mechanisms in cumulus clouds
Authors: Lu Chunsong , Liu Yangang , Niu Shengjie , Endo Satoshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis work empirically examines the dependence of entrainment‐mixing mechanisms on the averaging scale in cumulus clouds using in situ aircraft observations during the Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerial Facility Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign. A new measure of homogeneous mixing degree is defined that can encompass all types of mixing mechanisms. Analysis of the dependence of the homogenous mixing degree on the averaging scale shows that, on average, the homogenous mixing degree decreases with increasing averaging scales, suggesting that apparent mixing mechanisms gradually approach from homogeneous mixing to extreme inhomogeneous mixing with increasing scales. The scale dependence can be well quantified by an exponential function, providing first attempt at developing a scale‐dependent parameterization for the entrainment‐mixing mechanism. The influences of three factors on the scale dependence are further examined: droplet‐free filament properties (size and fraction), microphysical properties (mean volume radius and liquid water content of cloud droplet size distributions adjacent to droplet‐free filaments), and relative humidity of entrained dry air. It is found that the decreasing rate of homogeneous mixing degree with increasing averaging scales becomes larger with larger droplet‐free filament size and fraction, larger mean volume radius and liquid water content, or higher relative humidity. The results underscore the necessity and possibility of considering averaging scale in representation of entrainment‐mixing processes in atmospheric models.
What Do People With Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis Need to Know? An International Consensus List of Essential Statements for Osteoarthritis
Authors: French Simon D. , Bennell Kim L. , Nicolson Philippa J. A. , Hodges Paul W. , Dobson Fiona L. , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo establish priority key messages for patients with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA Delphi survey and priority pairwise ranking activity was conducted. Participants included 51 OA experts from 13 countries and 9 patients (consumers) living with hip and/or knee OA. During 3 Delphi rounds, the panel of experts and consumers rated recommendations extracted from clinical guidelines and provided additional statements they considered important. When ≥70% of panel members agreed a statement was “essential,” it was retained for the next Delphi round. The final list of essential statements was reviewed by a consumer focus group and statements were modified for clarity if required. Finally, a priority pairwise ranking activity determined the rank order of the list of essential messages.ResultsEighty‐five experts and 15 consumers were invited to participate; 51 experts and 9 consumers completed round 1 of the Delphi survey, and 43 experts and 8 consumers completed the final priority ranking activity. From an original list of 114 statements, 21 statements were rated as essential. Most statements (n = 17) related to nondrug treatment approaches for OA. Study limitations included that >50% of the panel comprised of physical therapists lead to high rankings of exercise and physical activity statements and also that only English‐language statements were considered.ConclusionOA experts and consumers have identified and prioritized 21 key patient messages about OA. These messages may be used to inform the content of consumer educational materials to ensure patients are educated about the most important aspects of OA and its management.
Meta‐Analysis of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and Glucocorticoids on Bone Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Trials
Authors: Siu Stephanie , Haraoui Boulos , Bissonnette Robert , Bessette Louis , Roubille Camille , Richer Vincent , Starnino Tara , McCourt Collette , McFarlane Alexandra , Fleming Patrick , Kraft John , Lynde Charles , Gulliver Wayne , Keeling Stephanie , Dutz Jan , Pope Janet E. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of antirheumatic drugs on bone mineral density (BMD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and psoriasis using a systematic review.MethodsElectronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials. Studies were grouped based on disease, treatment, and site of BMD measurement. Change in BMD (ΔBMD) from baseline to end of study was recorded. Standardized mean difference (SMD) of ΔBMD between treatment and controls was standardized for meta‐analyses and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsTreatment effects on BMD were not the primary outcomes of the trials. Thirteen studies were eligible (11 RA, 2 AS, 0 PsA, and 0 psoriasis). For RA, significantly less hand bone loss was seen with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; SMD ΔBMD 0.33 [95% CI 0.13, 0.53], P = 0.001, I2 = 0%) and glucocorticoids (SMD ΔBMD 0.51 [95% CI 0.20, 0.81], P = 0.001, I2 = 0%). TNFi had no significant effect on lumbar spine and hip BMD. Glucocorticoids were associated with a negative effect on lumbar spine (SMD ΔBMD −0.30 [95% CI −0.55, −0.04], P = 0.02, I2 = 52%), but not hip BMD. For AS, a significant increase in BMD was seen with TNFi at the lumbar spine (SMD ΔBMD 0.96 [95% CI 0.64, 1.27], P < 0.001, I2 = 16%) and hip (SMD ΔBMD 0.38 [95% CI 0.13, 0.62], P = 0.003, I2 = 0%). Data were insufficient to perform meta‐analyses in PsA and psoriasis or for other antirheumatic drugs.ConclusionIn RA, TNFi and glucocorticoids appeared to attenuate hand bone loss. TNFi did not impact lumbar spine and hip BMD and glucocorticoids had negative effects on lumbar spine and no effect on hip BMD. In AS, TNFi was associated with improved lumbar spine and hip BMD.
Multidetector computed tomography to detect ingested press‐through packages: utility of multiplanar reconstruction imaging in the emergency department
Authors: Takeda Munekazu , Yaguchi Arino , Harada Tomoyuki , Gotoh Taijirou , Namiki Mizuho 
Published: November 2014

CaseWe investigated the usefulness of multidetector computed tomography during examination in the emergency department to detect the location of press‐through packages that had been inadvertently swallowed. In three patients, four press‐through packages were detected on multi‐planar reconstruction of multidetector computed tomography images, with three lodged in the esophagus and one in the stomach.OutcomeThe multidetector computed tomography detection rate of press‐through packages was 100% in patients who realized they had swallowed the packages by mistake. After diagnosis, press‐through packages in the esophagus were immediately removed endoscopically.ConclusionThere are few reports on the usefulness of multi‐planar reconstruction images by multidetector computed tomography during examinations in the emergency department for the diagnosis of foreign bodies in patients who have mistakenly swallowed press‐through packages. Detecting the location of the packages provided useful information regarding the strategy for their removal. Therefore, proactive multidetector computed tomography use in the emergency department could be beneficial for patients who have inadvertently swallowed press‐through packages.
MnTaO2N: Polar LiNbO3‐type Oxynitride with a Helical Spin Order
Authors: Tassel Cédric , Kuno Yoshinori , Goto Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Takafumi , Brown Craig M. , Hester James , Fujita Koji , Higashi Masanobu , Abe Ryu , Tanaka Katsuhisa , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a polar and magnetic oxynitride MnTaO2N are reported. High‐pressure synthesis at 6 GPa and 1400 °C allows for the stabilization of a high‐density structure containing middle‐to‐late transition metals. Synchrotron X‐ray and neutron diffraction studies revealed that MnTaO2N adopts the LiNbO3‐type structure, with a random distribution of O2− and N3− anions. MnTaO2N with an “orbital‐inactive” Mn2+ ion (d5; S=5/2) exhibits a nontrivial helical spin order at 25 K with a propagation vector of [0,0,δ] (δ≈0.3), which is different from the conventional G‐type order observed in other orbital‐inactive perovskite oxides and LiNbO3‐type oxides. This result suggests the presence of strong frustration because of the heavily tilted MnO4N2 octahedral network combined with the mixed O2−/N3− species that results in a distribution of (super)‐superexchange interactions.
Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloid Alsmaphorazine D
Authors: Zhu Chenlong , Liu Zhaobo , Chen Guanyu , Zhang Kai , Ding Hanfeng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA concise total synthesis of rac‐alsmaphorazine D has been described for the first time. The efficient synthetic strategy features four key transformations: 1) a catalytic intramolecular oxidative cyclization for the δ‐lactamindole backbone; 2) an oxidative cyclic aminal formation for the hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyrrole framework; 3) a transannular radical cyclization for the construction of the diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane structure; and 4) a one‐pot desilylation/double epimerization reaction that affirms the relative stereochemistry.
Recruitment of SH‐Containing Peptides to Lipid and Biological Membranes through the Use of a Palmitic Acid Functionalized with a Maleimide Group
Authors: Haralampiev Ivan , Mertens Monique , Schwarzer Roland , Herrmann Andreas , Volkmer Rudolf , Wessig Pablo , Müller Peter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study presents a novel and easily applicable approach to recruit sulfhydryl‐containing biomolecules to membranes by using a palmitic acid which is functionalized with a maleimide group. Notably, this strategy can also be employed with preformed (biological) membranes. The applicability of the assay is demonstrated by characterizing the binding of a Rhodamine‐labeled peptide to lipid and cellular membranes using methods of fluorescence spectroscopy, lifetime measurement, and microscopy. Our approach offers new possibilities for preparing biologically active liposomes and manipulating living cells.
Exergy analysis of NGL recovery plant using a hybrid ACOR‐BP neural network modeling: a case study
Authors: Safarvand Danial , Aliazdeh Mostafa , Samipour Giri Mohammad , Jafarnejad Mahtab 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe major objective of the study is to make exergy analysis of natural gas liquid (NGL) process more understandable by coupling it with the use of an artificial neural network modeling. The presented method permits to provide an energy diagnosis of the process under a wide range of operating conditions. As a case study, Siri Island NGL Recovery in Iran is considered. The Aspen Plus process simulator linked with MATLAB Software was used to obtain thermodynamic properties of the process streams and to perform exergy balances. The results are validated with industrial data. The exergy destruction and exergetic efficiency for the main system components and for the entire system were calculated. Major sources of irreversibility in the process are identified, and the best conditions for process improvement are presented. The simulation results reveal that the exergetic losses of the separation towers, heating/cooling equipment, and compression/expansion section obtain the highest rank among the other components of the plant. The results show that the overall exergetic efficiency of the system is about 61%. After proposing new operational conditions, another exergetic analysis was made that caused a decrease of 6% in the exergetic losses of the entire system.Then, the recorded and calculated data are used as inputs for the neural network. The results show that ACOR is highly effective to optimize the performance of the neural networks to predict overall exergy efficiency. This method was compared with other current methods, and the results indicated that the integrated n Ant Colony Optimization‐Back Propagation (ACOR‐BP) provides the least error on the testing dataset. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Marks Activated Genes and Can Induce Target Gene Expression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Shi Lihua , Song Li , Ephrem Elshaddai , Petri Michelle , Sullivan Kathleen E. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveInterferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF‐1) mediates both induction of interferons (IFNs) and responses to type I IFNs. It has been implicated as a critical mediator of inflammation in murine lupus models. In a previous study of chromatin modifications in monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IRF‐1 was implicated as being associated with increased histone acetylation in this disease. The present study was undertaken to directly investigate IRF‐1 binding sites on chromatin.MethodsCells from 9 female SLE patients and 7 female controls were examined. Monocytes were purified from peripheral blood and subjected to library preparation using a validated antibody to IRF‐1. IRF‐1 binding sites on chromatin were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. The effect of IRF‐1 on target gene expression was confirmed using an overexpression system in cell lines, and coimmunoprecipitation was used to identify protein interactions.ResultsIRF‐1 binding around transcribed regions was increased in SLE patient monocytes, but histone modifications at potential IRF‐1 binding sites without detectable IRF‐1 binding were increased as well. Overexpression of IRF‐1 was sufficient to drive transcription of target genes. IRF‐1 overexpression was also able to alter histone modifications at a focus set of target genes, and treatment with an IRF‐1 inhibitor reduced both expression and histone modifications at target genes. IRF‐1 was found to interact with a select set of histone‐modifying enzymes and other transcription factors.ConclusionIRF‐1 is an important signaling protein in the interferon pathway. It not only activates gene expression as a transcription factor, but may perpetuate disease by leading to a dysregulated epigenome.