bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of volumetric bone mineral density in the operated and contralateral knee after anterior cruciate ligament and reconstruction: A 1‐year follow‐up study using peripheral quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Mündermann Annegret , Payer Nina , Felmet Gernot , Riehle Hartmut 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to quantify changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the tibial plateau of the operated and contralateral leg measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) before and 3, 6, and 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The ACL was reconstructed with a hamstring tendon autograft using press‐fit fixation. pQCT measurements of the proximal tibia were obtained in 61 patients after ACL reconstruction, and total, cortical, and trabecular vBMD were calculated. vBMD in the operated leg decreased from baseline to 3 months (−12% [total], −11% [cortical], and −12.6% [trabecular]; p < 0.001) and remained below baseline for 12 months after surgery (6 months: −9.5%, −9.4%, and −9.6%, p < 0.001; 12 months: −8%, −5%, and −11%, p < 0.001). vBMD in the contralateral leg was slightly reduced only 6 months after surgery. Including age and sex as covariates into the analysis did not affect the results. ACL reconstruction contributed to loss in bone mineral density within the first year after surgery. The role of factors such as time of weight‐bearing, joint mechanics, post‐traumatic inflammatory reactions, or genetic predisposition in modulating the development of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis after ACL injury should be further elucidated. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1804–1810, 2015.
Complementary Therapies for Parkinson's Disease: What's Promoted, Rationale, Potential Risks and Benefits
Authors: Rabin Marcie L. , Stevens‐Haas Claire , Havrilla Emilyrose , Rosenstein Adam , Toffey Brittany , Devi Tanvi , Earnhardt Mary Cathryn , Kurlan Roger 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundNearly half of all patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) utilize some form of complementary therapy often identified on the Internet and frequently not reported to their physicians. Treating physicians are sometimes unaware of such treatments, including their rationale, mechanisms, potential efficacy, and potential adverse effects.MethodsMethods for this study included systematic Internet search of products recommended for PD, medical literature review to determine scientific rationale, any evidence of efficacy, and potential risks.ResultsA large number of complementary therapies are recommended for patients with PD, generally falling into the following categories: dietary and nutritional; chelation; and physical. Most have reasonable justifications based on mechanism of action and current theories on causes of neurodegeneration in PD, but few have documented evidence of benefit. Fortunately, most have few risks and side effects, although some are very expensive. The protein redistribution diet has substantial evidence of symptomatic benefit. Some antioxidative or ‐inflammatory supplements, aerobic exercise, Tai chi, and dance and music therapy have preliminary evidence of symptomatic benefit or potential neuroprotective effects, but more research is needed to establish efficacy.ConclusionsPatients with PD are faced with many recommendations for complementary therapies. Physicians should know about these in order to have informed discussions with their patients. Some deserve further study.
Spectral recycling strategies for the solution of nonlinear eigenproblems in thermoacoustics
Authors: Salas Pablo , Giraud Luc , Saad Yousef , Moreau Stéphane 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn this work, we consider the numerical solution of large nonlinear eigenvalue problems that arise in thermoacoustic simulations involved in the stability analysis of large combustion devices. We briefly introduce the physical modeling that leads to a nonlinear eigenvalue problem that is solved using a nonlinear fixed point iteration scheme. Each step of this nonlinear method requires the solution of a complex non‐Hermitian linear eigenvalue problem. We review a set of state‐of‐the‐art eigensolvers and discuss strategies to recycle spectral information from one nonlinear step to the next. More precisely, we consider the Jacobi–Davidson algorithm, the Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi method, the Krylov–Schur solver and its block‐variant, and the subspace iteration method with Chebyshev acceleration. On a small test example, we study the relevance of the different approaches and illustrate on a large industrial test case the performance of the parallel solvers best suited to recycle spectral information for large‐scale thermoacoustic stability analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of functionality on direct arylation of model systems as a route toward fluorinated copolymers via direct arylation polymerization (DArP)
Authors: Livi Francesco , Gobalasingham Nemal S. , Bundgaard Eva , Thompson Barry C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA screening of direct arylation conditions on a model small molecule system is carried out to develop suitable conditions for the direct arylation polymerization (DArP) of fluorinated copolymers, which are incompatible with conditions previously utilized successfully for nonfluorinated systems. The model system features a coupling between a 2‐substituted thiophene and a pentafluorobenzene, where one of the partners was brominated. A substantial difference in reactivity is observed, demonstrating that the optimal functionalization for direct arylation between a thiophene‐based donor and a highly fluorinated acceptor is a halogenated thiophene and an unfunctionalized fluorinated unit, which is opposite of typical cross coupling reactions, where the acceptor is typically halogenated. The best conditions are applied to the copolymerization of 1,2,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzene and 2,2'‐(2,5‐bis((2‐hexyldecyl)oxy)−1,4‐phenylene)dithiophene. Polymers are free of β‐defects and significant homocoupling. This work further underscores the attractive simplicity, relevance, and ease of DArP while reconfirming its broad compatibility with increasingly popular fluorinated copolymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2598–2605
Synthesis of poly(2‐oxazoline)s with side chain methyl ester functionalities: Detailed understanding of living copolymerization behavior of methyl ester containing monomers with 2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazolines
Authors: Bouten P. J. M. , Hertsen Dietmar , Vergaelen Maarten , Monnery Bryn D. , Catak Saron , van Hest Jan C. M. , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(2‐oxazoline)s with methyl ester functionalized side chains are interesting as they can undergo a direct amidation reaction or can be hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid, making them versatile functional polymers for conjugation. In this work, detailed studies on the homo‐ and copolymerization kinetics of two methyl ester functionalized 2‐oxazoline monomers with 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline, 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline, and 2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazoline are reported. The homopolymerization of the methyl ester functionalized monomers is found to be faster compared to the alkyl monomers, while copolymerization unexpectedly reveals that the methyl ester containing monomers significantly accelerate the polymerization. A computational study confirms that methyl ester groups increase the electrophilicity of the living chain end, even if they are not directly attached to the terminal residue. Moreover, the electrophilicity of the living chain end is found to be more important than the nucleophilicity of the monomer in determining the rate of propagation. However, the monomer nucleophilicity can be correlated with the different rates of incorporation when two monomers compete for the same chain end, that is, in copolymerizations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2649–2661
Complement C4a inhibits the secretion of hepatitis B virus screened by surface‐enhanced laser desorption ionization time‐flight mass spectrometry‐based ProteinChip analysis
Authors: Song Ya‐Nan , Zhang Gui‐Biao , Hu Xue‐Qing , Lu Yi‐Yu , Zhao Yu , Yang Yang , Yang Yi‐Fu , Zhang Yong‐Yu , Hu Yi‐Yang , Su Shi‐Bing 
Published: June 2015

PurposeChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a kind of chronic liver disease caused by persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The study aims to seek the factors of host resistance to HBV and investigate their roles.Experimental designProtein profiles of 58 healthy controls and 121 CHB patients were obtained by SELDI‐TOF/MS. Predicted protein was validated by ELISA. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot in the persistently HBV expressing cell line HepG2.2.15 and non‐HBV expressing cell line HepG2. The level of HBV DNA was subsequently detected by quantitative real‐time PCR in HepG2.2.15 cells with complement C4a treatment.ResultsSignificantly altered protein peaks were found through statistical analysis, and m/z 4300 was predicted by databases and successfully matched with the fragment of complement C4a. According to ELISA, serum complement C4a was found to be significantly lower in CHB patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001) and the area under receiver operating characteristics curve is 0.78. Furthermore, complement C4a showed lower expression in HepG2.2.5 cells and the secretion of HBV DNA was inhibited by complement C4a.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe present study implied the important role of complement C4a in inhibiting the HBV DNA secretion in CHB.
High‐resolution forest canopy height estimation in an African blue carbon ecosystem
Authors: Lagomasino David , Fatoyinbo Temilola , Lee Seung‐Kuk , Simard Marc 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMangrove forests are one of the most productive and carbon dense ecosystems that are only found at tidally inundated coastal areas. Forest canopy height is an important measure for modeling carbon and biomass dynamics, as well as land cover change. By taking advantage of the flat terrain and dense canopy cover, the present study derived digital surface models (DSMs) using stereo‐photogrammetric techniques on high‐resolution spaceborne imagery (HRSI) for southern Mozambique. A mean‐weighted ground surface elevation factor was subtracted from the HRSI DSM to accurately estimate the canopy height in mangrove forests in southern Mozambique. The mean and H100 tree height measured in both the field and with the digital canopy model provided the most accurate results with a vertical error of 1.18–1.84 m, respectively. Distinct patterns were identified in the HRSI canopy height map that could not be discerned from coarse shuttle radar topography mission canopy maps even though the mode and distribution of canopy heights were similar over the same area. Through further investigation, HRSI DSMs have the potential of providing a new type of three‐dimensional dataset that could serve as calibration/validation data for other DSMs generated from spaceborne datasets with much larger global coverage. HSRI DSMs could be used in lieu of Lidar acquisitions for canopy height and forest biomass estimation, and be combined with passive optical data to improve land cover classifications.
An enhanced privacy preserving remote user authentication scheme with provable security
Authors: Chaudhry Shehzad Ashraf , Farash Mohammad Sabzinejad , Naqvi Husnain , Kumari Saru , Khan Muhammad Khurram 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVery recently, Kumariet al.proposed a symmetric key and smart card‐based remote user password authentication scheme to enhance Chunget al.'s scheme. They claimed their enhanced scheme to provide anonymity while resisting all known attacks. In this paper, we analyze that Kumariet al.'s scheme is still vulnerable to anonymity violation attack as well as smart card stolen attack. Then we propose a supplemented scheme to overcome security weaknesses of Kumariet al.'s scheme. We have analyzed the security of the proposed scheme in random oracle model which confirms the robustness of the scheme against all known attacks. We have also verified the security of our scheme using automated tool ProVerif. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The implementation imperative:Why one should implement even imperfect strategies perfectly
Authors: Lee Eucman , Puranam Phanish 
Published: June 2015

Research summary: We propose a theory that explains why the relentless pursuit of perfect implementation of strategy may be useful even in a world in which the strategies being implemented are far from optimal. We formulate a computational model in which an organization's strategy adapts based on performance feedback. However, the distinctive feature of our approach is that we abandon the “organization as a unitary actor” assumption, and model a separation of beliefs and actions. The central insight is that, given this separation, precise implementation has benefits beyond the well‐known effect of enabling exploitation of good strategies. It enables the discovery of better strategies by allowing more effective learning from feedback on the value of current strategies.Managerial summary: Given the reality that the strategies coming from theC‐suite are seldom perfect, is it sensible for managers to place such a heavy emphasis on implementing them precisely? In this paper we develop a theory that explains why the answer may be “yes”. In most organizations, the formulators and implementors of strategy are distinct. Imprecise implementation makes it difficult for the formulators to learn the value of their strategies, as neither success nor failure necessarily indicates something about the value of the strategy itself, when implementation is imprecise. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of glucocorticoid monotherapy for treatment of canine meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology: a prospective study in 16 dogs
Authors: Mercier Miyu , Barnes Heller Heidi L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCanine non‐infectious, inflammatory meningoencephalomyelitis is termed meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE) and may affect dogs of any age, breed or gender. Treatment with immunosuppressive medication has been widely reported, however no prospective clinical trials with a standard glucocorticoid monotherapy are available. The objectives were to compare the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis at diagnosis and after treatment with a standard glucocorticoid (GC) dose and to determine the survival time in dogs withMUE. We hypothesized that abnormalCSFfindings would normalize in dogs withMUE, and survival time would be longer than previously reported for glucocortocoid therapy alone. Inclusion criteria were: (1) normal minimum database, (2) noGCuse within 5 days, (3) magnetic resonance imaging performed, (4) negative infectious disease titres, and (5) abnormalCSFanalysis. All dogs receivedGCtherapy at 1 mg/kgper osq 12 h. Responders had normalCSFanalysis at 1 month. Sixteen dogs met the inclusion criteria. Median total nucleated cell count (TNCC) and protein concentration at time of diagnosis were 39 cells/μL (0–1400 cells/μL), and 49 mg/dL(25–293 mg/dL), respectively. MedianTNCCand protein concentration at 1 month were 1 cell/μL (0–120 cells/μL), and 24 mg/dL (13–175 mg/dL), respectively. Seven of 16 dogs (44%) were responders. There was no significant difference in survival between theCSFresponders andCSFnon‐responders (P = 0.85). Overall median survival was 602 days (45–654 days). This study supports usingGCtherapy in dogs with MUE.
Perovskite‐type Solid Solution SrMo1–xWx(O, N)3 Oxynitrides: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Li Wenjie , Gurlo Aleksander , Riedel Ralf , Ionescu Emanuel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhase‐pure scheelite‐type solid solution SrMo1–xWxO4 oxides (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 0.85, 0.95) were synthesized by solvothermal methods and subsequently thermally treated in ammonia atmosphere at temperatures between 700 and 900 °C. As revealed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron diffraction as well as elemental analysis data, SrMo1–xWxO4 convert into their corresponding solid solution perovskite‐type oxynitrides SrMo1–xWx(O, N)3 only for x ≤ 0.25 and x ≥ 0.6; whereas for 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 the formation of Sr3WO6 with double perovskite structure and of other binary oxides and nitrides was observed. The solid solution oxynitrides were investigated concerning their magnetic properties. Thus, the magnetic susceptibility of the SrMo1–xWx(O, N)3 oxynitride samples was measured by Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). The influence of different parameters (such as phase composition, ratio between Mo and W or nitrogen content) on the magnetic behavior in the solid solution oxynitrides is briefly discussed.
Microemulsion‐based Synthesis of AgSCN Nanoparticles and Its Analogues
Authors: Zurmühl Christian , Wolf Silke , Feldmann Claus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAgSCN nanoparticles were prepared via a water‐in‐oil microemulsion approach, using KSCN and AgNO3 as starting materials. The as‐prepared AgSCN nanoparticles are readily crystalline, exhibit a uniform spherical shape, and have a mean diameter of 25 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm particle size and size distribution. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) prove the phase composition and purity. The particle size can be varied in a range of 25 and 40 nm (according to electron microscopy) by variation of the concentration of AgNO3 (i.e., 2 mL of 0.1 to 0.5 M AgNO3 solution). Optical spectroscopy (UV/Vis) indicates an optical band‐gap of 3.78 eV without a size‐depending shift at this specific particle size. The microemulsion approach can be extended to obtain further nanoscaled thiocyanates like CuSCN, AuSCN, Hg(SCN)2, and Pb(SCN)2.
Inhibition of Cycloartenol Synthase (CAS) Function in Tobacco BY‐2 Cell Suspensions: A Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Gas‐Pascual Elisabet , Simonovik Biljana , Heintz Dimitri , Bergdoll Marc , Schaller Hubert , Bach Thomas J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe effect of an inhibitor of cycloartenol synthase (CAS, EC 5.4.99.8) on the proteome of tobacco BY‐2 cells has been examined. CAS catalyzes the first committed step in phytosterol synthesis in plants. BY‐2 cells were treated with RO 48‐8071, a potent inhibitor of oxidosqualene cyclization. Proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis and spots, that clearly looked differentially accumulated after visual inspection, were cut, in‐gel trypsin digested, and peptides were analyzed by nano‐HPLC–MS/MS. Distinct peptides were compared to sequences in the data banks and attributed to corresponding proteins and genes. Inhibition of CAS induced proteins that appear to mitigate the negative effects of the chemical exposure. However, as all enzymes that are directly involved in phytosterol biosynthesis are low‐abundant proteins, significant changes in their levels could not be observed. Differences could be seen with enzymes involved in primary metabolism (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway etc.), in proteins of the chaperonin family, and those, like actin, that participate in formation and strengthening of the cytoskeleton and have some impact on cell growth and division.
Separation and Identification of Odd Chain Triacylglycerols of the Protozoan Khawkinea quartana and the Mold Mortierella alpina Using LC–MS
Authors: Řezanka Tomáš , Vítová Milada , Nováková Alena , Sigler Karel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLiquid chromatography‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC–MS/APCI) with reversed‐ and chiral phases was used for separation of triacylglycerols (TAG) from protozoan and mold. This study describes the separation and identification of odd numbered chains of regioisomers and enantiomers of triacylglycerols from different natural sources, i.e., the protozoan Khawkinea quartana and the mold Mortierella alpina. Using the above‐mentioned separation methods and the synthesis of appropriate standards of TAG, we identified regioisomers and enantiomers of both even and odd numbered TAG. The biosynthesis of odd numbered TAG was found to be strictly stereospecific and to depend on the production microorganism, one enantiomer predominating in the protozoan and the other in the mold. It was proved that even numbered TAG are synthesized in a higher optical purity, which can be explained by a higher affinity of acyltransferases to the respective substrate, i.e., to even chain PUFA.
Black Shale in Late Jurassic Jhuran Formation of Kutch: Possible Indicator of Oceanic Anoxic Event?
Authors: Arora Ashwin , Banerjee Santanu , Dutta Suryendu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper reports the results of sedimentary facies analysis and organic geochemical investigations of the middle Member of the Jurassic Jhuran Formation of Kutch which is conspicuous by the occurrence of organic-rich shales. Five lithofacies have been identified for lower part of the Middle Member, e.g. Facies A: Black shale, Facies B: Black shale with siltstone inter-bedding, Facies C: shale and siltstone alternations with minor sandstones, Facies D: siltstone-sandstone alternations and Facies E: plane laminated and hummocky cross-stratified sandstone. The average TOC content of the shales decreases from facies A (av. TOC- 3.4%), to facies D (av. 0.6%) through facies B (av. 1.75%) and facies C (av. 1.34%). The Facies E comprises dominantly of hummocky cross-stratified sandstones. The facies study indicates storm-influenced, shallow marine depositional conditions. Organic geochemical study of shale samples collected from several outcrops from Bhuj to Zara suggests a mixture of type III and type IV kerogen, supplied from higher plant sources. Although most organic matters are mildly matured (av. Tmax c. 427°C), some of the samples reflect overheating related to extrusion of Deccan basalt (av. Tmax c. 604°C). V, Ni, and Co concentrations are indicative of anoxic condition within the depositional settings. The Ni/Co ratio (av. 2.5) and V/(V+Ni) ratio (av. 0.82) as well as size of pyrite framboids (7 to 20 micron), advocates intermittent anoxic and sulfidic conditions in the depositional setting. Black shales within the Jhuran Formation possibly suggest intermittent anoxia related to late Jurassic Oceanic anoxic event (OAE). Detailed investigations are needed to explain the factors causing anoxia in shallow marine conditions.