bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
228a - How can biomonitoring support occupational hygiene in a further reduction of exposure to hexavalent chromium? – Results from the HBM4EU chromate study
Authors: Scheepers Paul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr6) deserves attention because of the evidence for an associated health risk, including cancer. As part of HBM4EU a study was conducted with the main aim to find out what biomonitoring can add to further improve work practices to reduce exposure to Cr6. In 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 399 chrome workers and 203 controls in nine European countries. Total chromium (TCr) blood and urine was measured and TCr in erythrocytes was used as a measure of intracellular Cr6. Cr3 and Cr6 were analysed in inhalable and respirable dust collected from the breathing zone and for the assessment of dermal exposure hand wipes were collected. The biomonitoring results showed that production workers were higher exposed than controls. The highest exposures were found in chrome plating. Urinary TCr was associated with inhalation Cr6 exposure in a group of 57 plating workers (Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.783). An air concentration of 1 µg Cr6/m3 in the breathing zone corresponds to approx. 2 µg TCr/g creatinine in urine. Mechanisation of chrome baths was associated with lower TCr levels in urine compared to manual operation. An association was observed between TCr contamination on the hands and urinary TCr. Storing (used) work cloths in lockers was associated with higher urine TCr. In conclusion, biomonitoring results indicate that Cr6 can also be absorbed via other and indirect routes than (only) inhalation. There may be opportunities for occupational hygiene interventions leading to a further reduction of exposure to Cr6.
Presented on behalf of the HBM4EU occupational study project team.
315c - Control of exposure to aircraft emissions at airports
Authors: Terwoert, Jeroen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Workers at airports may be exposed to the exhaust of both Diesel Engine Emissions (DEE) from a wide variety of equipment, such as ground power units and tow trucks, as well as to Aircraft Engine Exhaust (AEE). Workers on the ramps where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refuelled and boarded may be particularly highly exposed. Particle number concentrations of up to several 100.000/cm3 over several hours and up to several millions/cm3 during short term peaks were measured.
Effective control of exposure to AEE is a complex issue. While DEE is a formally WHO IARC-classified carcinogen, for AEE this is less clear, and specific literature is relatively scarce. This affects the extent of employers’ obligations to minimise exposure. Early investigations of the literature show that AEE contain various components that are formally classified carcinogens, in relatively low amounts. This means, that limiting the exposure as much as possible is desirable. Options for control measures include for example the use of electric powered aircraft facilities, implementation of emission-free taxiing (by electric equipment), departure procedures in which the jet stream towards ramp workers is prevented, departure procedures in which the distance between aircraft engines and ramp workers is maximized, and procedures that prevent unnecessarily long running main jet engines close to the gate. Potential divers and bottle-necks for these measures will be presented.
381c - The Physical Activity Health Paradox: Is physical activity at work health enhancing?
Authors: Quinn, Tyler 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested a ‘Physical Activity Health Paradox’ where occupational physical activity may be harmful for cardiovascular health which is in contrast to the health enhancing effects of physical activity during leisure time. Such a paradox would have significant implications for physical activity recommendations, surveillance, research, and workplace health promotion practices, especially for workers accumulating high amounts of physical activity at work. This talk will deliver the state of the science on the physical activity health paradox, highlight existing research gaps, and discuss implications for future research and practice. Specific discussion will include an overview of the foundational epidemiological evidence suggesting paradoxical cardiovascular health risks from occupational physical activity as well as discuss hypotheses and supporting empirical evidence on explanatory physiological mechanisms. The talk will conclude by highlighting the implications on workplace health practice, research, surveillance, and guidelines.
43 Airborne proteins - A new specific marker for occupational exposure in the food industry?
Authors: Darbakk Christine , Olsen Raymond , Graff Pål 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Workers in the food industry are exposed to a wide range of substances that might elicit immunological reactions leading to occupational diseases such as rhinitis and asthma. It’s challenging to regulate the occupational exposure due to the wide variety of components present in these work environments.
Gravimetric measurements have served as the foundation for the occupational exposure limits (OEL) for these exposures. However, gravimetric measurements do not consider which compounds that are present in the dust and will thus also include harmless substances such as sugar dust. It is difficult to carry out preventive work in the food industry for occupational health services and enterprises when there is a lack of knowledge about both the degree and content of dust exposure. A more precise OEL for the food industry to better describe exposure and enable evidence-based risk assessments is therefore needed.
This project will provide new knowledge about the relationship between the amount of inhalable dust and the amount of total inhalable protein present in air in connection with various types of food production. In addition, the study will provide new knowledge about the relationship between the amount of dust, total protein, total inflammatory potential of the dust and specific allergens where possible. The study’s findings will make it easier for companies to prioritize where exposure-reducing measures should be implemented. In the long term, the findings may help to replace the current unspecified gravimetric exposure limits in the food industry with better and more specific OELs.
153 Performance testing of cordless handheld vacuum cleaners
Authors: Li Hui-Jing , Lin Jason , Huang Sheng-Hsiu , Lin Chih-Wei , Chen Chih-Chieh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The cordless handheld vacuum cleaners market is expanding rapidly and is expected to reach $10 billion by 2027, raising concerns about indoor air quality. Despite growing demand, there is limited research into the aerosol emissions from these devices and their impact on respiratory health, which is a current concern for everyone. Our study aimed to investigate particulate matter (PM) emissions from these vacuum cleaners and identify the key factors contributing to such emissions. Two custom-built devices were designed to quantify upstream and downstream PM concentrations and suction pressure with and without filter cartridge and motor exhaust. We tested six popular cordless vacuum cleaner models under different conditions and found that filter cartridge sealing, motor design, and dust load can affect PM emissions. In contrast to previous research, brushless motors (manufacturer claims) do not necessarily emit fewer particles than brushed motors. We also found that some filter cartridges are not airtight and will cause PM concentration to rise significantly, especially under heavy load conditions. While leaking cartridges result in higher suction and clean air delivery rates, we still recommend regulating airtight filter cartridges due to elevated PM emissions. Our findings also suggest the need for regulations controlling motor assembly and design standards, not just motor type. For immediate mitigation, users should ventilate areas and use respiratory protection. Our work is a foundation for understanding the health risks of vacuum cleaner aerosol emissions and informs consumer choices and potential regulatory measures.
163 Validations of the sampling and analysis techniques for the co-existing airborne chemicals in occupational settings
Authors: Yu Ya-Lun , Tsai Shih-Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, more harmful volatile organic compounds are found in the workplace and exposed to them has many adverse health effects. Various occupational exposure limits are available to protect workers’ health for toxic substances. Nevertheless, air sampling and analysis methods have also been developed to detect harmful substances. Regarding health risk assessment, compared with only knowing the concentrations of fewer substances, it’ll be more beneficial if we can detect multiple compounds simultaneously. Therefore, there’s a need to develop more comprehensive and convenient way to sample and analyze air samples. In this study, we established the qualitative and quantitative conditions of co-existing airborne chemicals through taking air samples by gas bags, followed by SPME extraction, solvent-free technique, and GC/MS analysis. The findings from validation procedure showed it provides convenient and sensitive method to determine various chemicals in workplace’s air concurrently.
To prepare known concentrations standard vapors, we used zero-air system and air sampling bags with the VOCs standard containing 54 different substances. Moreover, we used the micro-injection needle to inject 0.16mL liquid, which was 200μg/mL, into the bags, followed by vaporizing to produce vapor with the concentration of each VOC of about 1ppm. Carboxen-PDMS SPME fiber was selected in this study then adsorbed and extracted for 40 minutes.
The results showed 49 different VOCs can be identified, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o,p,m-xylene, etc. Besides, linear ranges and sample stabilities were also validated. Furthermore, the established method was applied to determine the airborne chemicals in hairdressing and nail salons.
175 The characteristic of aerosol emission from motors
Authors: Hsu Chao-chun , Chen Chih-chieh , Huang Sheng-Hsiu , Lin Chih-wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A motor plays a crucial role in household appliances, such as fans, hair driers, cleaning robots and electric shavers. However, varies studies have showed that the motors inside the household appliances, such as vacuum cleaners and toy cars, generate the ultrafine particle, which have been proven to be harmful to human health. So, we will test the particle number concentration and particle size, and know about the main mechanisms by which motors generate particles. Ultimately, find an effective way to control motor-generated particles
We establish an experimental chamber with a volume of 2 liters. Test motor would be placed inside the chamber, and the chamber were supplied with particle free air to bring out the particles. We use a Condensation Particle Counter and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer to monitor the particulate concentration and particle size range over time. A brushed DC motor and a brushless DC motor with a rated output power of 64 W commonly used indoors, will be utilized for testing.
The results of mechanism experience indicate that both the brushes and the bearings generate particles through mechanical friction, and the particles generated through spark discharge are 100 times more numerous than those generated through mechanical friction. This suggests that spark discharge is the main mechanism for particle generation by the motor. At a rotational speed of approximately 10,000 RPM, the particle emission rate reaches as high as 3.4 x 107 #/sec.However, at 10,000 RPM, the particle emission rate of the brushless DC motor is only 2.2 x104 #/sec, about one-thousandth that of the brushed DC motor.
271 Distribution of Korean safety and health professionals from the perspective of gender equality
Authors: Park Jeongim , Choi Sohyeon , Sung Yeji , Chung Jinjoo , Choi Sangjun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Gender equality in the workplace remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the gender gap of human resources in the field of occupational safety and health (OSH) in Korea.

Methods
Several national statistical data that can confirm the gender distribution of personnel in the OSH sector were reviewed. The gender distribution of industrial technical manpower statistics, professional certificate holders in the OSH field, and the status of the appointment of safety and health managers by industry was analyzed.

Results
The distribution of professionals in the OSH sector in Korea had a large gender gap with a small number of women. In particular, the proportion of women in the safety field was lower than that in the health field. In the younger age group, while the proportion of women is increasing, the gender gap tends to decrease.

Conclusions
Few data are available to understand the gender-related aspects of OSH professions. Nevertheless, our results provide basic information for initiating a discussion on the necessity of establishing gender-sensitive culture and policies in the OSH sector.
312 Diesel engine exhaust emissions occupational exposure in a mine per exposure group
Authors: Tully Claire 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This survey was undertaken to evaluate exposure to diesel engine exhaust emissions (DEEE) measured as elemental carbon in Boliden Tara Mines underground employees working with mobile equipment during their working shift.
In this poster, 44 personnel samples were taken in the underground mine from personnel carrying out a number of tasks from Production, Development, Mine Services, Mechanical Maintenance and Electrical services during normal working activities primarily where diesel propelled mobile equipment was part of the task or job. Particulate samples were analysed for elemental carbon, organic carbon and total carbon using the NIOSH 5040 method. Gas meters readings were taken for nitrogen dioxide using the onsite instrumentation and docking and calibration station. The poster will detail the exposure per occupational exposure group. Survey was taken in March 2021.
60 Modular Exposure Models for OSH Risk Assessment in Chemical Safety – MEMORA
Authors: Schlüter Urs , Meyer Jessica , Dumke Carolin , Papagna Raffaella 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
European chemicals legislation aims to provide the best possible protection for workers when handling chemicals. The regulation of substances, mixtures and products is based on reliable risk assessments. This includes assessing workplace exposure to chemicals, which requires information on, e.g., the route of exposure (dermal/inhalation) and the level and duration of exposure.

Methodology
Exposure assessment requires the use of models, as workplace exposure data are often not available. The practical application of models as well as validation and comparative studies in recent years have led to the conclusion that further development of models is necessary. Key factors include a more user-friendly, transparent design of the tools and the addition of a dermal exposure module. Experiences from other BAuA projects (e.g., ETEAM and SysDEA) provide important insights for model-improvement. The MEMORA-project aims to develop a user-friendly toolbox covering both inhalation and dermal exposure assessment. Existing BAuA tools are examined and improved based on scientific findings, additional models will be included and a systematic tiered approach will be developed.

Results/Conclusion
During the workshop, 4 speakers will present the ongoing developments of different projects within the MEMORA-project-bundle. The aim is to develop solutions to questions that have arisen during the projects. Therefore, the presenters are interested in feedback from the participants to allow for possible adjustments to the chosen approaches. The workshop is intended to support the development of the toolbox in order to tailor it as much as possible to the needs of its users (practitioners, regulators, academics, etc.).
158 Embracing climate change and an evolving world! Discover global OEHS perspectives in a world cafe conversation
Authors: Alban Ashton , Hiddinga Andrea , Farid Marina Zainal , Laszcz-Davis Chris , Marín David Rodríguez , Anya Ifeyinwa (Okafor) 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Exacerbating novel and known occupational hazards, climate change is threatening the occupational setting and OEHS professionals are being forced to adapt to the quickly changing world. Faced with the question of how to minimize workers exposure to the hazards, many professionals are left wondering if there are others facing similar issues to collaborate with. In this workshop, OEHS professionals from around the world will participate in a world cafe by rotating through 5 tabletop conversations exploring the most pressing challenges addressing climate change exacerbated hazards in the occupational setting. Each table will be representative of a different region of the world and facilitated by an OEHS professional from that region. Facilitators will share their experiences and encourage others to share their experiences and ideas in addressing the hazards. Dialogue will promote collaboration, knowledge sharing that will leave participants with a network of support and new ideas to enact in their workplace. The concerns and ideas taken from the conversation will be used to develop a summary presenting the discussed major occupational hazards exacerbated by climate change and ideas to address occupational hygiene and worker health protection through the minimization of worker exposure to those discussed hazardous agents.
57 Occupational hygiene leadership skills: communicating effectively, emotional intelligence, and managing conflict
Authors: Erdman Joy , Booth Celia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Did you know that research conducted by Harvard University, the Carnegie Foundation and Stanford Research Center found that 85 percent of workplace success is attributed to people skills (also called soft skills), and only 15 percent of job success comes from technical (hard) skills? (Ref: https://stlpolished.com/eight-essential-soft-skills-for-career-success/). This professional development course (PDC) will help you hone your leadership people skills, with special emphasis on communicating effectively, emotional intelligence, and managing conflict.
Using a combination of lecture and group discussion, attendees will get the opportunity to compare good and bad leadership people skills, help each other solve work issues and develop a leadership people skills action plan.
If attendees desire, they will be allowed to submit one or more problems/questions prior to the course, but this will not be required. Input will be sanitized for confidentiality, as appropriate.
While we will be focusing on 3 people skills --Communicating Effectively, Managing Conflict, and Emotional Intelligence -- attendees will find that other skills, such as problem solving, managing teams, time management, adaptability, creativity, working well under pressure, etc., will be woven into the course.
135 Occupational hygiene practice ethics - “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”
Authors: McClellan Nancy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The OH profession typically attracts rather altruistic, well-intentioned scientists concerned with worker health and safety. More often than not OH professionals find themselves in the midst of ethical dilemmas simply because they lack the knowledge and tools to recognize potential dilemmas early in the process and/or struggle to methodically work through a dilemma to find an appropriate solution. This session will provide the practical knowledge and methodology for navigating our sometimes challenging profession. This course has a long history of very high ratings at past OH professional meetings because it is highly interactive, thought provoking, and fun.
141 Start with the end in mind: How to give compelling presentations!
Authors: Apthorpe Linda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As Occupational Hygienists we know that communication is an integral component of the work we do. In many circumstances, we only have limited opportunities to get our message across to implement change or to make important information stick. In these cases, your message delivery counts, and effective communication is essential.
You may need to deliver your message by standing in front of worker groups, OHS committees, management representatives or even delegates at an occupational hygiene conference!
This professional development workshop will help you to communicate your story and build your confidence in presenting. We’ll explore how to plan, design and prepare your presentation, and to engage your audience to get your message across.
There will information on presenter techniques, and plenty of tips and tricks including how to make an impact, how to improve your presentation and communication skills, how to build confidence and how to feel comfortable in presenting.
This workshop is for anyone who wants to improve their presentation preparation and skills to give compelling presentations.
281 Managing exposure to nanoparticles: Understanding the risk
Authors: Chouvet Martine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This session will outline the basic principles of nanoparticles. What is a nanoparticle? Learn the definitions and different vocabulary used in regulatory texts. How do they form? Naturally or manufactured, nanoparticles generation is either intentional or non-intentional and thus, difficult to spot. Where do we find them? Which industries are of concern? A lot of industries now are using nanomaterials intentionally for their physical and chemical properties, discover which ones and how you can get exposed to them within your processes. This CES will end with some insights on what are the health effects, biological interactions with the body and already known risks that has justified some legislations to put in place OELs for dedicated nanomaterials.