bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting what (employers think) you’re worth
Authors: Bredtmann Julia , Otten Sebastian 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on the gender wage differential of labor market entrants and the determinants of their starting wages.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper makes use of a unique data set on graduates in economics from a large German university that contains detailed information on the graduates’ course of study, their additional qualifications and their transition from university to the labor market. Based on these data, Mincer-type earnings functions as well as wage decompositions as proposed by Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) are performed.

Findings
– The paper finds a significant gender wage differential of 7 percent. Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions suggest that the major part of this gap remains unexplained by gender differences in observable characteristics.

Research limitations/implications
– The main feature of our analysis – having a highly homogeneous sample of graduates from a single university – comes at the costs of reduced ability to draw generalized conclusions from our findings.

Originality/value
– This paper investigates the determinants of entry wages for a homogeneous group of high-skilled workers using a unique data set of graduates in business and economics from a large German university. Concentrating on a highly homogeneous sample limits the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, which results in an overestimation of the unexplained component of standard decompositions analyses. Hence, the finding that a large part of the gender pay gap remains unexplained can be considered as an indicator for gender discrimination in the labor market for economics graduates.
Dialogic peer coaching as teacher leadership for professional inquiry
Authors: Charteris Jennifer , Smardon Dianne 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Dialogic peer coaching as leadership can enable teachers to influence each other's professional learning. The purpose of this paper is to shift the emphasis from the role associated with the designated title of leader to the purpose and relevance of teacher leadership in the context of dialogic peer coaching.Design/methodology/approach– The research was undertaken as a small qualitative case study embedded in a school-based, teacher professional development project. Nine groups of peer coaches from five unrelated schools engaged in a formal process of collaborative inquiry over two years. Interview data from 13 volunteer teacher participants were analysed using the constant comparison method and themes determined.Findings– The study revealed that there was growth in teacher leadership capabilities as they become dialogic peer coaches to each other.Practical implications– Through their collaborative peer coaching dialogue teachers have the transformative space to articulate their thinking. They can engage in dialogic feedback where they are positioned as experts in their own practice.Social implications– The teachers in this study are positioned within communities of practice as co-constructers of knowledge and co-learners. On the basis of the findings the authors suggest that this can support the development of high capacity leadership in schools. This stance contrasts with a technicist approach to teacher professional learning in which teachers are situated as absorbers or recipients of knowledge constructed elsewhere.Originality/value– The research reported in this paper addresses three key elements of leadership: individual development; collaboration or team development; and organisational development. It outlines a means by which teacher leadership can be strengthened to address these elements in schools.
A new sustainability model: engaging the entire firm
Authors: McPhee Wayne 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The sustainable activity model re-envisions Porter's value chain to reflect the emerging impact of sustainability on firm strategy. The model helps to convert high level sustainability vision statements into a new set of actions that can create value from emerging issues like climate change, resource constraints, and a smaller, more connected world.

Design/methodology/approach
– The emergence and growth of sustainability, provides an opportunity to rethink traditional business models to better reflect current and emerging market conditions. Porter's value chain was adapted to reflect that: the value of a firm is based on more than just the profit margin and includes reputation, brand value and license to operate; sustainability can generate value by improving both internal and external engagement and collaboration; and the impact that the firm has on the outside world need to be included in firm strategy and decision making.

Findings
– The sustainable activity model is useful for focusing strategy on the material impacts of the firm rather than focusing on the issues that are most prevalent in the media or where managers have a particular interest. The model allows the firm to clearly set out new actions and new behaviors that change how the firm interacts with the world and how value is created.

Originality/value
– The sustainable activity model adapts the traditional value chain model to better fit the business issues that have emerged over the last 25 years and to prepare for a future that will continue to change at an ever increasing rate. Applying the model to strategy and business decisions will encourage new ways of thinking about value and generate new activities for creating value and enhancing the resilience of the firm against future changes as the sustainability trend continues to evolve.
A charter for trainers in the prevention and management of workplace violence in mental health settings
Authors: Paterson Brodie , McKenna Kevin , Bowie Vaughan 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a Delphi study of trainers in the prevention and safer management of violence in mental health settings that sought to identify and clarify what represents best practice at a European level.

Design/methodology/approach
– A Delphi method was used to garner the views of a sample of 54 trainers involved in the training of managing violence and aggression on a draft charter of best practice.

Findings
– A high level of agreement was found with the suggested indicators of best practice but the levels of agreement varied in some key areas and respondents identified a series of omissions from the charter and a number of potential challenges to its implementation.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample was restricted to Europe and further research is planned to seek the views of a wider sample.

Practical implications
– The charter will provide a reference document for best practice in the interim.

Social implications
– Its implementation will require trainers to consciously identify the ethical implications not just of the content of their training buts its overall approach.

Originality/value
– The study is presently unique in its focus and context but further research in this area is underway designed to complement this study.
Australian overseas trained psychiatrists’ perspective of up-skilling programme
Authors: McGrath Pam , Henderson Saras , Cabral Sidney , Crompton David 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report research findings on the perspectives of overseas trained psychiatrists (OTPs) on the “The Overseas Trained Specialist Up-Skilling Programme” (OTSUP), initiated in Queensland, Australia to assist OTP's to prepare for the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrist (RANZCP) Fellowship examination. Ascertaining and utilisation of OTP's views about the programme will enable improvements to be made to the programme and better implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
– An exploratory qualitative design was utilised for the study in order to provide insights on the quality and effectiveness of the OTSUP.

Findings
– Centred around two main themes. The first theme included participant's knowledge about the up-skilling programme with its subthemes of “finding out about the programme”; “perceived aims of the programme”; and “educational events supporting the programme”. The second theme revolved around participants’ perceived benefits of the up-skilling programme with its four subthemes such as, first, individualised support, second, the opportunity to improve practical and communication skills through OTSUP educational events, third, access to peer support and fourth, provision of specific information on the RANZCP examination process.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations as this was a qualitative study, the findings can only be applicable to a similar context. Nevertheless, the findings do provide support for an educational initiative that assisted the OTS to better prepare for the RANZCP examination. To gain further insight into challenges faced by OTS with successfully passing the examination in less frequent attempts, programmes such as the OTSUP need to be improved and sustained.

Originality/value
– The findings provide valuable insight into how OTPs view the up-skilling programme. Moreover, the findings pave the way forward in how the programme can be improved in the future to assist OTPs prepare for the RANZCP examination.
A lifestyle analysis of young consumers: a study in Italian context
Authors: Santisi Giuseppe , Platania Silvia , Hichy Zira 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– This study aims to identify the life styles of adolescents through a reading of the dimensions which are seen in purchasing behavior. The dimensions investigated were: cognitive associations that adolescents attribute to known and established brands, and the evaluative and emotional attitudes towards the brand, and intentional purchase behavior.Design/methodology/approach– The study was conducted in south of Italy (Sicily). The sample consisted in 150 participants aged between 15 and 17 (47 Male, 103 Female). The questionnaire was based on established scales. Regression linear stepwise, Chi-Squared and T test analysis was undertaken to test the hypotheses.Findings– The results showed that there is a good degree of satisfaction towards the use of cash. Therefore, the youths interviewed were able to develop a model on spending and consumption which combined personal needs to the financial sphere. The adolescents' desire to repurchase known and established brands is determined by a process of identification the adolescents have with the brand.Practical implications– The analysis of consumption practices among adolescents can be considered one of the landmarks aimed at analyzing contemporary society and the universe of youth so as to understand and learn how to construct identity, define lifestyles and develop intra and intergenerational relations. Consumption, therefore, has become outstandingly striking and obvious in contemporary culture, as it defines the vision of the world constellated with specific value orientations, behavior, identities, languages and social meanings that emerge through action.Originality/value– Research proposals are presented which outline theoretical relationships between the socialization and social structural agents and the development of consumption symbolism with adolescents.
Strategies of children and parents during shopping for groceries
Authors: Haselhoff Vanessa , Faupel Ulya , H. Holzmüller Hartmut 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Only a limited number of studies have examined the behaviour and the strategies of children and parents during shopping. This ethnographical study aims at thoroughly understanding family decision-making when shopping for groceries, especially children's and parents' negotiation strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a qualitative ethnographical approach, seven known families were accompanied on 19 grocery shopping trips. Their behaviour, their interactions and their strategies during shopping were observed. Analysis was conducted by coding relevant information, defining categories, comparing data and identifying patterns.

Findings
– The results show that children constantly influence their parents, directly and indirectly. They do this by displaying various behaviours in the grocery store. Their negotiation tactics are diverse, as are parents' reactions to their children's negotiation strategies. Children aim at fulfilling spontaneous desires while parents want to restrain their children's requests.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations of the study can be found in their qualitative methodology.

Practical implications
– This study has several implications for marketers. By learning about the joint decision-making process, companies as well as public policy makers will be able to address families more successfully and market healthy food more effectively.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to existing research on family decision-making by presenting different ways of children and parents behaviour during shopping trips. It applied an unusual technique of observing well-known families on their shopping trips.
Fuel, fire and cattle in African highlands: traditional management maintains a mosaic heathland landscape
Authors: Johansson Maria U. , Granström Anders 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Shrubland ecosystems are often inherently flammable due to a canopy structure favourable for fire propagation. At the same time, the fuel bed is not spatially uniform, but a complex mix of shrubs and herbaceous vegetation that will change with time since fire. These patterns are further influenced by megaherbivores capable of consuming large quantities of biomass that otherwise would enter the fuel bed, but the net effects for temporal thresholds of flammability are poorly known.

We quantified post‐fire fuel succession and effects of free‐ranging cattle in high‐elevation Erica shrublands in Ethiopia where traditional fire management is still practised above the treeline at 3500 m, despite being challenged by authorities.

We found a near‐linear accumulation of canopy fuel at 2·6 Mg ha−1 year−1, but stands <5 years old did not burn due to spatial separation of individual Erica shrubs before canopy closure and lack of fine dead fuels.

Inside cattle exclosures, Erica height growth was nearly three times faster and reached the assumed flammability threshold c. 3 years earlier than in browsed/grazed stands, where cattle also kept herbaceous vegetation between shrubs short, thus eliminating litter that could otherwise bridge the discontinuous fuel bed in early succession.

Modelling of fire behaviour indicated progressively higher fire intensity and rate of spread for stands >5 years. But if stands escape fire for several decades, flammability again decreases as canopy fuels become increasingly separated from the ground. This may be the ultimate reason for sharp treelines on many tropical mountains where fire is confined mainly to higher elevations.

Synthesis and applications. In shrublands where dominant plants can outgrow consumption by large herbivores, provision of good cattle habitat typically requires fire. We found that fire and cattle interact to maintain a relatively stable system, where fuel limitation in early succession creates fire breaks that prevent landscape‐wide wildfires. The same negative feedback protects the Erica from degradation by too frequent fires. As shrublands can have widely different compositions, the response to variation in fire frequency and herbivore pressure is likely to differ, but for sustainable management fire and grazing have to be treated in consort.
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ruscus aculeatus
Authors: Thomas Peter A. , Mukassabi Tarek A. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ruscus aculeatus L. (Butcher's broom) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.

Ruscus aculeatus is a multistemmed monocotyledonous shrub with leaves functionally replaced by cladodes and photosynthetic stems. It is native to southern England primarily in dry shaded woodland and hedgerows (but widely planted elsewhere) often, but not exclusively, on base‐rich soil. It is rarely abundant in any habitat, usually forming widely spread discrete clumps.

Ruscus aculeatus is remarkably shade tolerant and drought resistant with low water conductance and transpiration, and water storage in the cladodes. Yet unusually for a drought‐tolerant stem‐photosynthetic plant, it prefers shady environments.

The flowers have few if any pollinating mechanisms, low seed production and fruit/seed dispersal are largely ineffective, which may be a relict of its evolution in a tropical Tertiary climate. Population survival primarily depends upon vegetative spread from stout rhizomes, aided by the plant's general unpalatability.

Over‐collecting for medicinal steroidal saponins has caused some population declines, particularly in eastern Europe, but it is otherwise facing few conservation problems.
Predictive factors for acute radiation pneumonitis in postoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy of esophageal cancer
Authors: Zhao Yaqin , Chen Lu , Zhang Shu , Wu Qiang , Jiang Xiaoqin , Zhu Hong , Wang Jin , Li Zhiping , Xu Yong , Zhang Ying Jie , Bai Sen , Xu Feng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundRadiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common side reaction in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. There are few reports about RP in esophageal cancer patients receiving postoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). This study aims to analyze clinical or dosimetric factors associated with RP, and provides data for radiotherapy planning.MethodsWe reviewed 68 postoperative esophageal cancer patients who were treated with radiotherapy at the West China Hospital from October 2010 to November 2012 to identify any correlation between the clinical or dosimetric parameters and acute radiation pneumonitis (ARP) or severe acute radiation pneumonitis (SARP) by t‐test, chi‐square test, and logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 68 patients, 33 patients (48.5%) developed ARP, 13 of which (19.1%) developed SARP. Of these 33 patients, 8 (11.8%), 12 (17.6%), 11 (16.2%), and 2 (2.9%) patients were grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 ARP, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that lung infection during radiotherapy, use of VMAT, mean lung dose (MLD), and dosimetric parameters (e.g. V20, V30) are significantly correlated with RP. Multivariate analysis found that lung infection during radiotherapy, MLD ≥ 12 Gy, and V30 ≥ 13% are significantly correlated with an increased risk of RP.ConclusionLung infection during radiotherapy and low radiation dose volume distribution were predictive factors associated with RP and should be accounted for during radiation planning.
Establishment and management of a lung cancer biobank in Eastern China
Authors: Yu Keke , Zhang Jie , Li Xin , Xu Lei , Zhang Ye , Xing Jie , Shao Jinchen , Zhu Lei , Liu Jinguo , Zhao Lanxiang , Han Baohui 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of lung cancer, a highly complex neoplasm, increases annually. Thus, a lung cancer biobank, which stores lung cancer tissue and blood matched according to standard methods, is needed to advance lung cancer research and develop promising therapies.MethodsTo accomplish this aim, we implemented standardized procedures for tissue samples and patient information acquired from consenting donors. The banked tissue includes blood, pleural effusions, and surgical resection samples. An independent information management system was used to match samples and collect data, including clinical cancer manifestation, laboratory tests, and de‐identified data about cancer patients.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2013, more than 2000 lung cancer cases were collected. At this time, we have more than 10 000 biological samples stored in our biobank. DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein quality were confirmed to be appropriate for clinical and basic research.ConclusionOur standardized, large‐scale lung cancer biobank offers high quality cancer research samples for China and the world.
Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and exploratory meta‐analysis
Authors: Prieto M. L. , Cuéllar‐Barboza A. B. , Bobo W. V. , Roger V. L. , Bellivier F. , Leboyer M. , West C. P. , Frye M. A. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo review the evidence on and estimate the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in bipolar disorder.MethodA systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and bibliographies (1946 – May, 2013) was conducted. Case‐control and cohort studies of bipolar disorder patients age 15 or older with myocardial infarction or stroke as outcomes were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed quality. Estimates of effect were summarized using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsFive cohort studies including 13 115 911 participants (27 092 bipolar) were included. Due to the use of registers, different statistical methods, and inconsistent adjustment for confounders, there was significant methodological heterogeneity among studies. The exploratory meta‐analysis yielded no evidence for a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction: [relative risk (RR): 1.09, 95% CI 0.96–1.24, P = 0.20; I2 = 6%]. While there was evidence of significant study heterogeneity, the risk of stroke in bipolar disorder was significantly increased (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29–2.35; P = 0.0003; I2 = 83%).ConclusionThere may be a differential risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with bipolar disorder. Confidence in these pooled estimates was limited by the small number of studies, significant heterogeneity and dissimilar methodological features.
A novel method for direct measurement of complement convertases activity in human serum
Authors: Blom A M , Volokhina E B , Fransson V , Strömberg P , Berghard L , Viktorelius M , Mollnes T E , López-Trascasa M , van den Heuvel L P , Goodship T H , Marchbank K J , Okroj M 
Published: May 2014

SummaryComplement convertases are enzymatic complexes that play a central role in sustaining and amplification of the complement cascade. Impairment of complement function leads directly or indirectly to pathological conditions, including higher infection rate, kidney diseases, autoimmune- or neurodegenerative diseases and ischaemia–reperfusion injury. An assay for direct measurement of activity of the convertases in patient sera is not available. Existing assays testing convertase function are based on purified complement components and, thus, convertase formation occurs under non-physiological conditions. We designed a new assay, in which C5 blocking compounds enabled separation of the complement cascade into two phases: the first ending at the stage of C5 convertases and the second ending with membrane attack complex formation. The use of rabbit erythrocytes or antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes as the platforms for convertase formation enabled easy readout based on measurement of haemolysis. Thus, properties of patient sera could be studied directly regarding convertase activity and membrane attack complex formation. Another advantage of this assay was the possibility to screen for host factors such as C3 nephritic factor and other anti-complement autoantibodies, or gain-of-function mutations, which prolong the half-life of complement convertases. Herein, we present proof of concept, detailed description and validation of this novel assay.