bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uranyl–Organic Hybrids Designed from Hydroxyphosphonate
Authors: Adelani Pius O. , Martinez Nicholas A. , Cook Nathaniel D. , Burns Peter C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of phosphonate‐based uranyl–organic hybrids has been assembled based on the reaction of uranyl cations with 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzenediphosphonic acid in the presence of a variety of alkali metal and organoammonium cations: K[(UO2)2F2{H0.5O3PC6H2(OH)2PO3H0.5}](H2O)2 (1), Cs[(UO2)2{H0.75O3PC6H2(OH)2PO3H0.75}](H2O)4·2H2O (2), [(CH3)4N]2[UO2{HO3PC6H2(OH)2PO3H}2] (3), [(CH3CH2)4N][UO2F{HO3PC6H2(OH)2PO3H}] (4), and [(CH3CH2)2N(CH3)2][UO2F{HO3PC6H2(OH)2PO3H}] (5). In compounds 1, 4, and 5, chains of UO5F2 pentagonal bipyramids are linked by the hydroxyphosphonate moiety into three‐dimensional frameworks, and compound 4 is isostructural with 5. However, the structures of 2 and 3 are composed of monomeric UO7 pentagonal bipyramids assembled to form layered structural units. Additional steric influences from the –OH groups appended on the diphosphonate species play a vital role in directing the structure topologies.
Organocatalytic Synthesis of Optically Active Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors: Dzięgielewski Marek , Pięta Jakub , Kamińska Elżbieta , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOwing to their wide reactivity profile, as well as a broad range of biological activity, organophosphorus compounds play a pivotal role in modern organic chemistry. Recently, much effort has been devoted to their preparation in an enantioselective fashion. This microreview summarizes the use of chiral organic molecules as catalysts in the synthesis of optically active organophosphorus compounds. Particular attention is given to the catalytic activation modes employed in the devised synthetic strategies, with special emphasis on factors governing stereochemical reaction outcomes. Furthermore, the importance of the products obtained and their selected applications are discussed.
CuSO4·5H2O‐H‐Phosphonate‐Catalyzed Intermolecular C–S Bond Formation: Synthesis of (E)‐Vinyl Alkylsulfones from Alkynes­ and DMSO
Authors: Chen Jian‐Yu , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Li Xu , Qu Ling‐Bo , Zhang Qing , Duan Li‐Kun , Xia Ying‐Ya , Chen Xin , Sun Kai , Liu Zhi‐Dong , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA CuSO4·5H2O‐H‐phosphonate‐catalyzed synthesis of (E)‐vinyl alkylsulfones from alkynes and widely available DMSO was developed. The present protocol provides an alternative approach to various vinyl sulfones, with the advantages of cheap catalysts, readily available starting materials, operational simplicity and high stereo‐ and regioselectivity.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Hydrogenation of α,β‐Enones by in situ Generated Dihydrogen from Paraformaldehyde and Water
Authors: Li Wanfang , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNotwithstanding that the highly selective hydrogenation of α,β‐enones to allylic alcohols can be realized by using Noyori's Ru bifunctional system, the selective reduction of the C=C bonds in α,β‐enones without touching the C=O bonds still lacks a general, simple, and efficient procedure. Ruthenium‐catalyzed conjugate hydrogenation of various α,β‐enones to saturated ketones with high selectivity was investigated. The most important feature of this procedure was that hydrogen in situ generated from paraformaldehyde (or formalin) and water was employed as the reductant.
Convenient Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Salts for the Production of [18F]F‐DOPA
Authors: Edwards Richard , Westwell Andrew D. , Daniels Stephen , Wirth Thomas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract[18F]F‐DOPA is an important radiotracer that is used in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and neuroendocrine tumours. We describe a simple synthesis for a number of diaryliodonium salt precursors that are suitable for the production of [18F]F‐DOPA through reaction with no carrier added (n.c.a.) nucleophilic [18F]fluoride. The simple procedure gives bench‐stable, complex iodonium precursors in good yields without the need for laborious anhydrous conditions. Further alteration to the precursor counterion can be readily achieved for a range of halides and pseudo halides by a simple modification of the workup. Preliminary “hot” and “cold” fluorination results show the suitability of the compounds for the production of [18F]F‐DOPA.
Multisite musculoskeletal pain predicts medically certified disability retirement among Finns
Authors: Haukka E. , Kaila‐Kangas L. , Ojajärvi A. , Saastamoinen P. , Holtermann A. , Jørgensen M.B. , Karppinen J. , Heliövaara M. , Leino‐Arjas P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal pain at several sites (multisite pain) is more common than single‐site pain. Little is known on its effects on disability pension (DP) retirement.MethodsA nationally representative sample comprised 4071 Finns in the workforce aged 30 to 63. Data (questionnaire, interview, clinical examination) were gathered in 2000–2001 and linked with national DP registers for 2000–2011. Pain during the preceding month in 18 locations was combined into four sites (neck, upper limbs, low back, lower limbs). Hazard ratios (HR) of DP were estimated by Cox regression.ResultsThe HR of any DP (n = 477) was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.2–2.1) for one, 2.5 (1.9–3.3) for two, 3.1 (2.3–4.3) for three and 5.6 (4.0–7.8) for four pain sites, when adjusted for age and gender. When additionally adjusted for clinically assessed chronic diseases, the HRs varied from 1.4 (1.0–1.8) to 3.5 (2.5–4.9), respectively. When further adjusted for physical and psychosocial workload, education, body mass index, smoking, exercise and sleep disorders, the HRs were 1.3 (0.9–1.7), 1.6 (1.2–2.2), 1.8 (1.3–2.5) and 2.5 (1.8–3.6). The number of pain sites was especially strong in predicting DPs due to musculoskeletal diseases (HRs in the full model; 3.1 to 4.3), but it also predicted DPs due to other somatic diseases (respective HRs 1.3 to 2.3); pain in all four sites was also predictive of DPs due to mental disorders (full model HR 2.2).ConclusionsThe number of pain sites independently predicted DP retirement. Employees with multisite pain may need specific support to maintain their work ability.
Different relational models underlie prototypical left and right positions on social issues
Authors: Simpson Ain , Laham Simon M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSocial issues are important dividing lines in the “culture wars” between the political left and right. Despite much research into social issue stance and ideology, little research has explored these with Relational Models Theory (RMT). RMT proposes four distinct models that people use to construe social relations, each entailing distinct moral considerations. In two studies, participants read summaries of the models, rated how relevant each was to their positions on several social issues (e.g., capital punishment), and expressed issue positions. In Study 1, Communal Sharing and Equality Matching construals predicted prototypical liberal positions across a range of issues; Authority Ranking and Market Pricing construals predicted prototypical conservative positions. By using multilevel modelling in Study 2, individual differences in average Communal Sharing and Authority Ranking construals predicted prototypical liberal and conservative positions, respectively, independent of several factors known to predict social issue stance. In issue‐specific analyses (e.g., focusing on euthanasia), all models showed effects independent of self‐reported ideology, while for certain issues (same‐sex marriage, animal testing, gun control, and flag burning), issue construal using different models predicted opposing positions, implicating relational models in moral disagreement. This paper provides novel tests of Relationship Regulation Theory and suggests that RMT is relevant in understanding political ideology, social issue stance, and moral judgement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltammetric Determination of Folic Acid Using a Graphite Paste Electrode
Authors: Gonçalves de Araújo Eliane , Fernandes Nedja Suely , da Silva Solon Lilian Grace , Soares Aragão Cícero Flavio , Martinez‐Huitle Carlos A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA simple differential pulse voltammetric method based on a graphite paste electrode (GPE) was developed for the quantitative determination of folic acid (FA) in tablets. The electrode exhibits a clear improvement of the current response. A linear response in the electroanalytical approach exists from 4.97×10−6 to 2.94×10−5 mol L−1 with a limit of detection of about 2.67×10−6 mol L−1 in KCl solutions. The developed procedure was tested by recovery studies and compared with spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. The results are described and discussed in the light of existing literature.
Dual Biosensing Device for the Speciation of Arsenic
Authors: del Torno‐de Román Lorena , Alonso‐Lomillo M. Asunción , Domínguez‐Renedo Olga , Arcos‐Martínez M. Julia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (ACh) and acid phosphatase (AcP) have been simultaneously cross‐linked onto an array of SPCEs, which was set up by a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a carbon counter electrode and two carbon working electrodes. The detection of As(III) and As(V) is based on their enzymatic inhibitory effect. Different immobilization conditions, substrates, supporting electrolytes and chronoamperometric experimental conditions have been studied for the sensitive and selective detection of both species of arsenic in complex matrices, such as tap water and wine, at once.
Analysis of the role of the particle–wall interaction on the separation efficiencies of field flow fractionation dielectrophoretic devices
Authors: Camarda Massimo , Scalese Silvia , La Magna Antonino 
Published: December 2014

In this paper we have used both analytical models and finite element simulations to analyze the role of the particle–wall dipole interaction in field‐flow fractionation dielectrophoretic (FFF‐DEP) devices. We identify the existence of “anomalous” regions where the dielectrophoretic response is altered, independently of the complex dielectric permittivity of the particles and suspending medium. In these regions the interaction between the particle and the conductive (isolating) walls induces cohesive (repulsive) forces, independently of the Clausius–Mossotti term. We quantify the impact of such an effect, which can critically decrease the specificity and sensitivity of both continuous‐ and batch‐mode FFF‐DEP. We find a scale invariant relation correlating the particles radius (Rp) and the electrodes width (Wel), which permits the design of dielectrophoretic schema capable of avoiding the generation of such regions. Specifically, to avoid the generation of the anomalous DEP regions, Wel should be chosen smaller than ∼5.2 Rp. For this reason, interdigitate schema with electrode widths of 14 μm and gaps of 50 μm could improve the separation efficiency of FFF‐DEP devices in the case of rare cells separation in blood samples.
Inter- and intraspecies chemical sensitivity: A case study using 2,4-dinitroanisole
Authors: Kennedy Alan J. , Laird Jennifer G. , Lounds Chris , Gong Ping , Barker Natalie D. , Brasfield Sandra M. , Russell Amber L. , Johnson Mark S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Insensitive munitions offer increased safety because of their “insensitivity” to unintended detonation relative to historically used formulations such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is an insensitive munition constituent, and its solubility and stability warrant investigations of potential toxicological hazard related to manufacturing discharges and training ranges. Although ecotoxicology data are available for other insensitive munition constituents, few data are available for DNAN. In the present study, acute and chronic exposures of a fish (Pimephales promelas) and 2 cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia pulex) were conducted. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of DNAN ranged from 14.2 mg/L to 42.0 mg/L, depending on species. In chronic exposures, fish survival (LC50 = 10.0 mg/L) was more sensitive than cladoceran survival (LC50 = 13.7 to &gt;24.2 mg/L). However, cladoceran reproduction was equally or more sensitive to DNAN (50% inhibition values 2.7–10.6 mg/L, depending on species) than fish endpoints. Daphnia pulex was the most sensitive species, with only slight differences between the 3 populations tested. Although the aquatic toxicity of DNAN was lower than previously reported in the literature for TNT, future research is needed to determine the potential synergistic toxicity of all the constituents in insensitive munition mixtures and the implications of photo-oxidation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–10. © 2014 SETAC
GEMAS: Prediction of solid-solution phase partitioning coefficients (Kd) for oxoanions and boric acid in soils using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Janik Leslie J. , Forrester Sean T. , Soriano-Disla José M. , Kirby Jason K. , McLaughlin Michael J. , Reimann Clemens ,   The GEMAS Project Team
Published: December 2014

Abstract

The authors' aim was to develop rapid and inexpensive regression models for the prediction of partitioning coefficients (Kd), defined as the ratio of the total or surface-bound metal/metalloid concentration of the solid phase to the total concentration in the solution phase. Values of Kd were measured for boric acid (B[OH]30) and selected added soluble oxoanions: molybdate (MoO42–), antimonate (Sb[OH]6–), selenate (SeO42–), tellurate (TeO42–) and vanadate (VO43–). Models were developed using approximately 500 spectrally representative soils of the Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils of Europe (GEMAS) program. These calibration soils represented the major properties of the entire 4813 soils of the GEMAS project. Multiple linear regression (MLR) from soil properties, partial least-squares regression (PLSR) using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance Fourier-transformed (DRIFT) spectra, and models using DRIFT spectra plus analytical pH values (DRIFT + pH), were compared with predicted log Kd + 1 values. Apart from selenate (R2 = 0.43), the DRIFT + pH calibrations resulted in marginally better models to predict log Kd + 1 values (R2 = 0.62–0.79), compared with those from PSLR-DRIFT (R2 = 0.61–0.72) and MLR (R2 = 0.54–0.79). The DRIFT + pH calibrations were applied to the prediction of log Kd + 1 values in the remaining 4313 soils. An example map of predicted log Kd + 1 values for added soluble MoO42– in soils across Europe is presented. The DRIFT + pH PLSR models provided a rapid and inexpensive tool to assess the risk of mobility and potential availability of boric acid and selected oxoanions in European soils. For these models to be used in the prediction of log Kd + 1 values in soils globally, additional research will be needed to determine if soil variability is accounted on the calibration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–12. © 2014 SETAC
Cardiac toxicity by sublethal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin correlates with its anti-proliferation effect on cardiomyocytes in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Chen Jing 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

The cardiac toxicity of zebrafish embryos in response to the lethal dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been well characterized. Dioxin contamination levels in nature are usually lower, however, and sublethal TCDD toxicity is less investigated. The present study found that the nonlethal doses of TCDD for 72-h-postfertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were 25 pg/mL and lower. For the present study, sublethal TCDD concentrations of 10 pg/mL and 25 pg/mL were selected, and their toxicity was then characterized. The results showed that embryos still exhibited acute and subchronic cardiac toxicity at these 2 dosages. The stroke volume and cardiac output of these embryos significantly declined early until 8 d postexposure. Embryos' heart size became smaller, and the hearts contained fewer cardiomyocytes per heart, with decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation. Apoptosis was not detected either in the TCDD-treated or the control hearts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the transcription of a battery of cell-cycle–related genes was suppressed within the sublethal TCDD-treated heart. In contrast, embryonic jaw development seemed not to be affected. The present study suggests that dioxin contamination, even at lower levels, might lead to cardiac toxicity in fish embryos. Such cardiac toxicity presents as disrupted normal heart function, originating from the anti-proliferative effect of sublethal TCDD on cardiomyocytes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–9. © 2014 SETAC
Inhibition effect of Na+ and Ca2+ on the bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances by Daphnia magna in the presence of protein
Authors: Xia Xinghui , Rabearisoa Andry Harinaina , Dai Zhineng , Jiang Xiaoman , Zhao Pujun , Wang Haotian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

The authors investigated the individual effects of Ca2+ and Na+ on the bioaccumulation of 6 types of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), by Daphnia magna in water with 10 mg L−1 bovine albumin or soy peptone. The bioaccumulation factors of PFASs by D. magna decreased linearly with the increase of Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations. The inhibition effect of Ca2+ was stronger than that of Na+, and the decreasing percentages of the body burden of PFASs in D. magna caused by the increment of 1 mmol L−1 Ca2+ and 1 mmol L−1 Na+ were 41% to approximately 48% and 2% to approximately 5%, respectively, in the presence of soy peptone. The partition coefficients (Kp) of PFASs between protein and water increased with rising Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations. The elevated Kp values led to the reduced concentrations of freely dissolved PFASs. This resulted in a decrease of PFAS bioaccumulation in D. magna, and the body burden of each PFAS was positively correlated with its freely dissolved concentration in water. The present study suggests that cations should be considered in the assessment of bioavailability and risk of PFASs in natural waters containing proteinaceous compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–8. © 2014 SETAC
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) as a biomonitor of trace elements along the southern shoreline of Lake Michigan
Authors: Shoults-Wilson W. Aaron , Elsayed Norhan , Leckrone Kristen , Unrine Jason 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

The invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has become an accepted biomonitor organism for trace elements, but it has yet to be studied along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Likewise, the relationships between tissue concentrations of elements, organism size, and sediment concentrations of elements have not been fully explained. The present study found that a variety of allometric variables such as length, dry tissue mass, shell mass, organism condition indices, and shell thickness index were useful in explaining intrasite variability in elemental concentrations. The flesh condition index (grams of tissue dry mass per gram of shell mass) explained variability at the most sites for most elements. Once allometric intrasite variability was taken into account, additional significant differences were found between sites, although the net effect was small. Significant positive relationships between sediment and tissue concentrations were found for Pb and Zn, with a significant negative relationship for Cd. It was also found that Cu and Zn concentrations in tissues increased significantly along the shoreline in the southeasterly direction, whereas Hg increased in a northwesterly direction. Opportunistic sampling found that zebra mussels accumulate significantly higher concentrations of nearly all elements analyzed compared to Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) at the same site. The present study demonstrates the need to fully explain natural sources of variability before using biomonitors to explain spatial distributions of trace elements. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–8. © 2014 SETAC
Influence of water quality on zinc toxicity to the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) and sensitivity of freshwater snails to zinc
Authors: Hoang Tham C. , Tong Xin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

The present study characterized the influence of water-quality characteristics on zinc (Zn) toxicity to the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) and the sensitivity of freshwater snails to Zn. Standard 96-h renewal acute toxicity tests were conducted with Zn and juvenile P. paludosa under 3 conditions of pH and alkalinity, water hardness, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Median lethal effect concentrations (96-h LC50s), no-observed- effect concentrations, lowest-observed-effect concentrations, LC10s, and LC20s were determined for each test. The results showed that Zn toxicity to P. paludosa decreased linearly with increasing hardness, pH, and DOC. A multiple linear regression model based on pH, hardness, and DOC was able to explain 99% of the observed variability in LC50s. These results are useful for the development of a biotic ligand model (BLM) for P. paludosa and Zn. Zinc acute toxicity data were collected from the literature for 12 freshwater snail species in a wide range of water-quality characteristics for species sensitivity distribution analysis. The results showed that P. paludosa is the second most sensitive to Zn. The present study also suggested that aqueous ZnCO3 and ZnHCO3– can be bioavailable to P. paludosa. Therefore, bioavailability models (e.g., BLM) should take these Zn species into consideration for bioavailability when applied to snails. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:545–553. © 2014 SETAC
Kronecker product‐based codebook design and optimisation for correlated 3D channels
Authors: Wang Ying , Jiang Lisi , Chen Yongce 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDiscrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook has been favoured by long term evolution because of its simplicity and effectiveness for two‐dimensional multi‐input multi‐output channels. In order to further explore vertical freedom, a Kronecker product‐based codebook (KPC), which is the Kronecker product of a horizontal DFT codebook and a vertical one, has been proposed. However, how to effectively design the codebook is still a challenge, because neither its effectiveness nor optimisation has been studied. In this paper, we demonstrate that the codewords in the KPC approximately match the distribution of the optimal beamforming vectors under spatially correlated three‐dimensional channels, showing the effectiveness of such codebook structure. Moreover, because the maximal cross‐correlation amplitude (Imax) of the original KPC is high, we investigate the structure of the codebook and then find a criterion of constructing the optimal KPC to achieve the lowest Imax, namely the Welch bound. Furthermore, considering the optimal codebook only exists under certain conditions, a modified discrete stochastic approximation algorithm is used to construct a near‐optimal codebook. Simulation results show that our algorithm greatly reduces Imax and respectively provides 1 and 0.5 dB coding gain compared to the traditional DFT codebook and the original KPC, which confirms the efficiency of the codebook design. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.