bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychoneuroendocrinology of Stress
Authors: Gunnar Megan R. , Doom Jenalee R. , Esposito Elisa A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDevelopmental psychology is rapidly becoming a neuropsychobiological field concerned with understanding how the genes we are born with, the experiences we have that modify gene expression, and the physiological responses in our brains and bodies all come together to write the story of our lives. Nowhere is the importance of a multilevel, multidisciplinary, genes‐to‐society perspective more apparent than in the study of stress and its role in development. This chapter focuses on a key stress‐mediating system, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis, its development and regulatory processes, its effects on brain systems involved in emotion and cognition, and its interactions with other stress‐mediating systems. The normative development of theHPAaxis is described, along with the role of temperament as a moderator of stress responding and stress effects. The majority of the chapter summarizes evidence that theHPAaxis plays a role in the biological embedding of experience during development, including questions about developmental plasticity and developmental programming in relation to poverty, prenatal stress, parental loss, risky family environments, and maltreatment. The role of theHPAaxis in developmental psychopathology is also discussed. Future directions and fruitful areas of research are considered with each topic.
Relationships, Regulation, and Early Development
Authors: Thompson Ross A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe influence of early parent–child relationships on the development of self‐regulation has yielded a rich research literature on socialization. This chapter broadens that view by discussing early relational influences on two processes relevant to regulation: developing biological systems and emerging representations of the social world. Concerning the first, research on fetal programming, developing stress neurobiology, molecular gene–environment interaction, and behavioral epigenetics underscores the influence of early adversity and the social buffering of stress, mediated by caregiving relationships, on developing reactivity and self‐regulation. Concerning the second, developmental social cognition research and studies of relationship‐based mental representations highlight the importance of social experience for developing understanding of human mental states and motivation, cooperation and fairness, and other constituents of developing self‐regulation. A discussion of the development of emotion regulation follows that emphasizes the value of a multilevel analysis of developmental processes of self‐regulation that integrates behavior, biology, representation, and relationships. Finally, directions for future research are identified.
Children and the Law
Authors: Lamb Michael E. , Malloy Lindsay C. , Hershkowitz Irit , La Rooy David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this chapter, we review the developmental science of “Children and the Law” and our understanding of the diverse and broad array of cognitive, social, and emotional factors that developmental scientists have studied. To allow children to participate as fully as their abilities allow in legal decisions affecting their lives, it is important to understand their capabilities and strengths, as well as their cognitive and social limitations. We review the developmental science that provides an appropriate evidence base to thus improve decision‐making and outcomes for children and families within many aspects of the legal system. Since the previous edition was published in 2006, research has become increasingly “convincing” to nonpsychologists because basic laboratory research has been complemented by methods that have clear ecological validity, yielding findings that are better understood, accepted, and applied in legal contexts. This knowledge thus permits scholars to offer useful suggestions to practitioners and foster a more complete understanding of developmental processes. We first review the developmental trajectories in the principal domains of development known or likely to affect children in legal contexts—neurophysiological development, memory and suggestibility, cognitive development, language development, social and emotional development, and the development of social relationships with parents and peers. Secondly, we turn attention to the implications of normative developmental processes for children in a variety of legal contexts—investigative interviews with alleged victims, witnesses, and suspects, as well as for those children who are the focus of actions in family and dependency court. The chapter ends with an examination of the key questions to which researchers should turn their attention to further our understanding and practices concerning children and the law.
Aggressive and Violent Behavior
Authors: Eisner Manuel P. , Malti Tina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter reviews research and theory on the development of aggressive behavior and violence from childhood to adolescence. We also summarize and discuss research on correlates, risk factors, markers, causal mechanisms, and consequences of aggressive behavior and violence. Due to space constraints, our review focuses on more recent developmental research and theoretical advancements in the past decade. In the introductory section, we present definitions and dimensions of aggression across development. Then we discuss current theories on adaptive and maladaptive functions of human aggression, and we identify cross‐cutting theoretical issues. Next, we describe subtypes of aggression, clinical classification, and measurement issues. Then the empirical literature related to the epidemiology of aggression from infancy to adolescence is reviewed, with a focus on normative developmental change and stability. The subsequent sections review the biological, individual, and socialization processes that are related to the development of aggressive behavior and violence. Lastly, we review macro‐level comparative research on aggression and violence. Finally, we discuss challenges in current research and identify areas for future research.
Children at School
Authors: Crosnoe Robert , Benner Aprile D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn schools, children develop the human capital that they will need for socioeconomic attainment, participate in ongoing interactions with adults and other children that will shape their future social and emotional development, and are socialized into the prevailing norms and values of their communities, cultures, and the larger society. As such, schools are an important piece of the developmental ecology, one that is also a major focus of policy, practice, and intervention. This chapter, therefore, explores the significance of schools in child development. It begins with a discussion of key themes in developmental research on schooling, including the place of schools in major theories, the developmental effects of schooling, and the links between schooling and inequality. Next, it explains how schools are societal institutions, structurally organized to facilitate tangible cognitive, academic, and vocational skills among children and to grant key academic credentials. This discussion is followed by a description of schools as developmental contexts, interpersonally organized to shape human interaction and socialization and to influence social and emotional development. These two sides of schooling are brought together in the final section of the chapter, which discusses how schools can be viewed more holistically using several specific examples of controversy in educational policy, such as desegregation and high‐stakes testing. Throughout the chapter, we discuss future directions of research and the translation between research and practice.
Children at Work
Authors: Staff Jeremy , Mont'Alvao Arnaldo , Mortimer Jeylan T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this chapter we consider childhood employment in a life course perspective. We seek to understand how family background, childhood experiences and orientations, and macrolevel changes (e.g., economic shocks such as the Great Recession) influence the timing of entry into the world of work and the characteristics of first jobs; how childhood and adolescent work experiences are linked to school achievement, other work activities, and problem behaviors; and the potential long‐term consequences of early involvements in paid work for health and well‐being, as well as engagement and success in work, school, and family. The chapter is divided into three parts: In the first part we discuss research on the correlates and consequences of youth work in the United States, highlighting four major perspectives on this topic. In the second section, we review the literature on child and adolescent employment in an international context, discussing some major themes in this diverse literature. Our goal here is not to provide an exhaustive review of this literature, but instead to highlight some of the unique situations that young workers in developing countries face as they leave school and enter the labor market. In the final section, we discuss potential areas of new research on youth employment, such as the impact of the global recession on child and youth work in both the United States and worldwide, further examination of how different types and qualities of work relate to children and adolescent outcomes, and more studies that consider diverse trajectories of school and work involvement during the early occupational career.
Authenticity
Authors: Grayson Kent , Corciolani Matteo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
An authentic market offering is something that is sold in the marketplace, and whose market value is based wholly or partly on a belief that the offering has a particular kind of real, truthful, or genuine connection with something that is important or special to the consumer. Judgments of authenticity are inherently subjective. One kind of authenticity relates to whether the market offering has a factual and physical link with something important to the consumer. For example, an article of clothing may be deemed authentic because a celebrity actually wore it. Another perceived factual connection that influences perceptions of authenticity is between personality and behavior. For example, a product may be deemed authentic because it reflects the true personality of a company's founder. Products that are unique and/or consistent over time are also more likely to be viewed as reflecting the company's true personality. A second kind of authenticity relates to whether the market offering physically resembles something valuable to the consumer. Here, the connection is not physical but is perceptual. This meaning of authenticity is frequently used when describing replica art objects and facsimiles of brands and products.
Bricolage
Authors: Garlitz Dustin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Bricolage is a type of construction achieved by using whatever materials are at hand, or the act of creating something from a diverse range of available materials. More generally, bricolage essentially stands for do‐it‐yourself, and in the field of contemporary consumer studies it can be thought of a theoretical foundation of do‐it‐yourself (
DIY
) culture. The individual who practices bricolage is known as a bricoleur, and is regarded as a sort of Jack‐of‐all‐trades.
Dandyism
Authors: Bonazzi Michele 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The term “dandyism” refers to a British cultural movement of the late nineteenth century, within the Victorian era. It was a doctrine of elegance, finesse, and originality which was primarily concerned with language, sophisticated manners, and dress. An aphorism coined by the writer Gabriele D'Annunzio, one of the leading representatives of the Italian movement, perfectly sums up its essence: “living life as a work of art.” For that reason, “being dandy” became an expression not only of sophisticated dress, but of a proper lifestyle that expressed itself in every aspect of existence, such as attitude and personal tastes, and was superior from the point of view of social and cultural capital. This way of life was driven by a determination to stand out from the stereotype of the ordinary bourgeois man, and its aim was to rise above social conventions and the common way of thinking. In this sense, the dandy played a leading role in the society of its time, as an actor on a theater stage, shocking the audience with his eccentric and provocative style.
de Certeau, Michel
Authors: Desjeux Dominique 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
One of Michel de Certeau's great virtues was the attention he paid to other people, as Luce Giard reminds us in the book she edited in 1987, a year after his death. This is reflected in his work through a never ending search for otherness, his quest for an invisible presence. De Certeau was one of the great experts on mysticism, and his quest was close to that of earlier mystics in their constant search for the hidden presence of God. Himself a Jesuit, he followed the spiritual exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola, by which adherents apply prudence with respect to illusions, discernment of the meaning of life, and liberation of the self as a means of being more available to others. These characteristics are often also demanded of a social science researcher. They are that much more effective in de Certeau's work in that they are associated with physical and intellectual mobility.
Infotainment
Authors: Langman Lauren 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
One crucial aspect of modern life has been concern with broader events and people who live in social worlds beyond our local community or nation. Thus news, information about the people and events outside our limited range, has become a commodity that is provided by organizations and consumed by audiences. Given populations that are highly individualistic and segmented by class, gender, level of education, race, ethnicity, or religion, there are a vast number of sources of information, from the more general and typically serious “hard news” outlets that provide carefully researched information about economics, government, major political events, crises, and natural disasters that impact on people's lives, to those that supply lighter, “soft news” and celebrity gossip.
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Poly(sulfanilic acid)‐Based Triblock Copolymer
Authors: Murugesan A. , Meenarathi B. , Palanikumar S. , Kannammal L. , Anbarasan R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA triblock copolymer consists of sulfanilic acid, tetrahydrofuran and ε‐caprolactone was synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography and conductivity measurements. The percent relative humidity (RH) of poly(sulfanilic acid) (PSA; P1), poly(sulfanilic acid)‐g‐poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PSA‐g‐PTHF; P2), and poly(caprolactone)‐block‐poly(sulfanlic acid)‐g‐poly(tetrahydrofuran)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐b‐PSA‐g‐PTHF‐b‐PCL; P3) were tested at different temperatures. This study infers that the cationically charged polymers exhibited excellent percent RH.
Structures and Biosynthesis of Corvol Ethers—Sesquiterpenes from the Actinomycete Kitasatospora setae
Authors: Rabe Patrick , Pahirulzaman Khomaizon A. K. , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHere we present the functional characterization of a sesquiterpene cyclase from Kitasatospora setae. The enzyme converts the sesquiterpene precursor farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into two previously unknown and unstable sesquiterpene ethers for which we propose the trivial names corvol ethers A and B. Both compounds were purified and their structures were determined by one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A biosynthetic mechanism for the FPP cyclization by the corvol ether synthase was proposed. The results from the incubation experiments of the corvol ether synthase with isotopically labeled precursors were in line with this mechanism, while alternative mechanisms could clearly be ruled out.
Factors Affecting Entry into Supply Chain Trade: An Analysis of Firms inSoutheastAsia
Authors: Wignaraja Ganeshan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article undertakes a comparative, firm‐level analysis of joining supply chain trade in fiveSoutheastAsian economies to improve our understanding of fragmentation of manufacturing across borders. The findings suggests that firm size (reflecting economies of scale to overcome entry costs) matters for joining supply chain trade with large firms playing the dominant role inSoutheastAsian economies. Meanwhile, small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) make a small contribution to supply chain trade relatively to the sectors employment contribution. However, firm size is not the whole story. Efficiency—particularly investment in building technological capabilities and skills—and access to commercial bank credit also influence joining supply chain trade. The article suggests that governments can facilitateSMEsjoining supply chain trade through a market‐oriented strategy, modern physical infrastructure, streamlined regulations and efficient business support services.
Association betweenMTHFRC677T polymorphism and neural tube defect risks: A comprehensive evaluation in three groups of NTD patients, mothers, and fathers
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Jie , Wang Beiyu , Ding Chen , Liu Hao 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThe C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) gene has been reported to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects (NTDs). The association of the C677T polymorphism in theMTHFRgene and NTD susceptibility has been widely demonstrated, but the results are inconclusive. In this study, we performed a meta‐analysis in three groups to investigate the association between theMTHFRC677T polymorphism and NTD risk.MethodsA computer retrieval of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM, and Embase for papers on theMTHFRC677T polymorphism and NTD risk was performed. All data were analyzed with STATA (Version 13.0). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the association. A test for heterogeneity, a sensitivity analysis, and an assessment of publication bias were performed in our meta‐analysis.ResultsForty articles were included in this meta‐analysis: 13 studies for Group A: 1329 NTD patients versus 2965 healthy controls; 34 studies for Group B: 3018 mothers with NTD progeny versus 8746 healthy controls; three studies for Group C: 157 fathers with NTD progeny versus 705 healthy controls. The analysis results show: allele contrast in NTD patients: OR = 1.445, 95% CI [1.186, 1.760]; allele contrast in mothers: OR = 1.342, 95% CI [1.166, 1.544]; allele contrast in fathers: OR = 1.062, 95% CI [0.821, 1.374].ConclusionWe found no association between any of the fathers' genotypes and NTDs, whereas a significant correlation betweenMTHFRC677T polymorphism and NTD risk was found in NTD patients and in their mother. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:488–500, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Y‐craniosynostosis by premature fusion of the metopic and coronal sutures: A new nosological entity or a variety of Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome?
Authors: di Rocco Federico , Benoit Alexandra , Vigneron Jacqueline , Segura Pascale Bach , Klein Olivier , Collet Corinne , Arnaud Eric 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundNew forms and varieties of craniosynostoses are continuously identified due to the current increased interest of clinicians and genetists especially since the introduction of microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (Array‐CGH) techniques in the diagnostic setting of patients with craniofacial anomalies.MethodsIn this report, we describe the case of an infant who associated the early fusion of the metopic and both the coronal sutures. The interaction of the early fusion of the anterior group of the main cranial sutures gave the infant a particular clinical phenotypes with a Y configuration of the frontal bone and a globally reduced size of the skull. Such a deformity was observed in utero and was subsequently confirmed by the postnatal imaging of the head.ResultsThis phenotype was never described previously in antenatal period to our knowledge. The array‐CGH showed a heterozygous 9.0 Mb deletion in the chromosomal region 7p21.1p21.3 encompassing approximately 25 other genes, spanning from THSD7A to TWIST1/FERD3L.ConclusionThis case further illustrates the variability of the clinical spectrum of craniofacial disorders associated with TWIST1 abnormalities. It is important to note that the Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome caused by microdeletion is generally characterized by a mental disability. However, of interest, the postoperative psychomotor development of the child considered hereby was within the normal limits. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:306–310, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
U937 cell apoptosis induced by arsenite is prevented by low concentrations of mitochondrial ascorbic acid with hardly any effect mediated by the cytosolic fraction of the vitamin
Authors: Guidarelli Andrea , Fiorani Mara , Azzolini Catia , Cerioni Liana , Scotti Maddalena , Cantoni Orazio 
Published: March 2015

SummaryArsenite directly triggers cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO release in mitochondria isolated from U937 cells. These effects were not observed in mitochondria pre‐exposed for 15 min to 10 µM L‐ascorbic acid (AA). In other experiments, intact cells treated for 24–72 h with arsenite were found to die by apoptosis through a mechanism involving mitochondrial permeability transition. Pre‐exposure (15 min) to low micromolar concentrations of AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), resulting in identical cytosolic levels of the vitamin, had a diverse impact on cell survival, as cytoprotection was only observed after treatment with AA. Also the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin was restricted to AA exposure. An additional indication linking cytoprotection to the mitochondrial fraction of the vitamin was obtained in experiments measuring susceptibility to arsenite in parallel with loss of mitochondrial and cytosolic AA at different times after vitamin exposure. Finally, we took advantage of our recent findings that DHA potently inhibits AA transport to demonstrate that DHA abolishes all the protective effects of AA, under the same conditions in which the mitochondrial accumulation of the vitamin is prevented without affecting the overall cellular accumulation of the vitamin. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(2):101–110, 2015