bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Application of MOOCs Based on Reinforcement Learning in College English Teaching
Authors: Gu Yu 
Published: August 2024

In the field of teaching college English, this study explores the integration of reinforcement learning concepts with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). ”LearnFlex,” the suggested framework, is intended to support an environment that is dynamic and flexible for learning. By offering thorough English language courses and utilizing reinforcement learning techniques LearnFlex leverages the inherent benefits of MOOCs to customize and enhance the learning process for every student. This study’s main goal is to assess how well LearnFlex works in the context of teaching college English to improve student performance, engagement, and general satisfaction. Through the integration of educational technology, machine learning, and pedagogical methodologies, LearnFlex aims to offer significant insights that support the ongoing development of efficient and customized online learning. The study contributes to the larger objective of improving teaching strategies by utilizing cutting-edge technologies to build a learning ecosystem that is more adaptable and focused on the needs of students. This study aims to provide insights for future improvements in online education, specifically in the area of language training, by conducting a thorough examination of LearnFlex’s effects.
The symptoms, diagnosis, and management of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Daly Rachel , Rickards Emma , Woodward Kerry 
Published: August 2024

Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder that is strongly linked to asthma and conjunctivitis. It is usually a long-standing condition that often goes undetected in the primary care setting Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a very common, under recognised problem in the UK with symptoms significantly impacting on quality of life, work and school performance, social life and is a risk factor for developing asthma. Treatment options for AR include allergen avoidance, antihistamines and intra-nasal pharmacological therapies.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 among diarrheic patients in Shashemene, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalneh Shimelis Teshome , Beshah Biruk Yeshitela , Jeon Yeonji , Teshome Seifegebriel , Getahun Tomas , Gebreselassie Solomon , Park Se Eun , Teferi Mekonnen , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku 
Published: August 2024

Background
The worldwide increase in multidrug resistance is a major threat to public health. One particular concern is the presence of Escherichia coli strains that carry Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase enzymes, which can make multiple antibiotics ineffective. This complicates treatment strategies and raises the risk of illness and death. The aim of this study was to isolate E. coli O157:H7, assess its susceptibility against antimicrobial agents, and determine the presence of ESBL and Carbapenemase production in stool samples collected from diarrheic patients in Shashemene, west Arsi, Ethiopia from July to November 2022.

Methods
The samples were cultured McConkey Agar and E. coli were isolated and identified by standard biochemical tests using API 20E. E. coli O157:H7 was further identified using sorbitol McConkey Agar and antisera for O157 antigen test. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method using different antibiotics. Each identified isolate was screened and tested for phenotypical ESBL and Carbapenemase production using combined disc method and modified carbapenem inactivation method, respectively. Bivariant and multivariant analyses were employed using a logistic regression model for further analysis and were interpreted based on the odds ratio and level of statistical significance at a p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval.

Results
E. coli O157:H7 strain was found from 9% (38/423) study participants. The majority of the participants [61.9% (262/423)] were males; and 19.1% (81/ 423) of the participants were under five children. Living in urban areas, having domestic animals, and ≥5 family size in the household were identified as statistically significant factors associated with E. coli O157:H7. Twenty-seven (71.1%) and 12 (31.6%) of the 38 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were phenotypically confirmed to be ESBL and carbapenemase producers, respectively. All isolates were resistant against Ampicillin, but sensitive to ciprofloxacin. High resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid was observed among the ESBL and carbapenemase producing isolates also. The extent of detection of multidrug resistant E. coli O157:H7 isolates against three or more classes of antimicrobial agents tested was alarmingly very high (84%).

Conclusion
The E. coli O157:H7 isolates in this study showed a significant resistance to certain antimicrobials that were tested. The level of ESBL and Carbapenemase production among these isolates was found to be quite high. We observed a high resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid among the ESBL and carbapenemase producing isolates. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective drug against both the ESBL producers and nonproducers.
Magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: An umbrella review
Authors: Ayele Mulat , Yilak Gizachew , Alamrew Abebaw , Lake Eyob Shitie , Tilahun Befkad Derese 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The World Health Organization defines women with an unmet need for family planning as individuals who are fecund, sexually active, and wanting to either to limit childbirth or postpone their next birth but are not utilizing any form of contraception. Previous meta-analyses and systematic reviews have focused on this topic, but no comprehensive summary of the evidence was available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a summary of the findings on the unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia.

Method
A search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and RESEARCH 4 LIFE including Hinari, to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies on the prevalence and determinants of the unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool, and the estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model.

Results
The umbrella review included five studies with a total of 56,169 reproductive-aged women. The pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning was found to be 27.44% (95% CI: 22.32–32.55), with the heterogeneity index (I square = 99.45%, P = 0.000). Failure to discuss with her partner about family planning methods (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.81, 4.00), being illiterate (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.92), age at first marriage (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.44), and educational status of woman’s partner (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 0.83, 4.40) were the factors significantly and positively associated with unmet needs for family planning.

Conclusion
The study concludes that the unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia is a significant issue that can be addressed through increasing the educational levels of women and their partners, promoting open discussions about family planning, and preventing early marriages. Collaboration between families, school administrators, and healthcare providers is essential to mitigating this problem.
Canadian status of “not acceptable” drugs as evaluated by Prescrire: A cohort study
Authors: Lexchin Joel 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The independent French drug bulletin Prescrire International rates the therapeutic innovation of new drug-indications approved for marketing in France using an ordinal scale with the lowest rating being “not acceptable”. This study investigates whether these drugs were approved by Health Canada.

Methods
A list of “not acceptable” drug-indications was generated by handsearching all issues of Prescrire International between January 2013 and December 2022. The generic names, indications and reasons why Prescrire labeled them not acceptable were recorded. The approval date was determined by consulting the website of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The status of these drug-indications in Canada was determined by searching multiple Health Canada websites. Therapeutic Evaluations for new drug-indications done by the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) were recorded.

Results
Prescrire rated 57 new drug-indications and 42 new indications for existing drugs as not acceptable. Seventy of these drug-indications were available in Canada– 42 new drug-indications and 28 new indications for existing drugs. Twenty (90.9%) of the 22 new drugs evaluated by the PMPRB were rated as slight/no therapeutic improvement and 2 as moderate therapeutic improvement. The median difference, in days, between approval times by the EMA/ANSM and Health Canada was 129 (interquartile range -102, 341) in favour of the former.

Discussion
The majority of the not acceptable drug-indications were approved by Health Canada. The difference between when Prescrire and Health Canada examined the evidence for these drug-indications is unlikely to explain the difference in their evaluations. A change in regulatory standards at Health Canada may be one factor behind the presence of these drugs. To what degree those drugs led to more harms than benefits for patients who are taking them needs to be urgently investigated. Finally, the reasoning behind Health Canada’s approval of these drugs should be interrogated.
The crystal structure of N′-(tert-butyl)-N′-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-3-methoxy-N,2-dimethylbenzohydrazide, C23H30N2O3
Authors: Zheng Jiangyu , Tang Wenhao , Pan Haiyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
C23H30N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.4357(14) Å, b = 7.2340(7) Å, c = 21.8274(17) Å, β = 114.881(5)∘, V = 2211.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0492, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1284, T = 293 K.
Ethnomedical Potentials, Phytochemicals, and Medicinal Profile of Alpinia galanga L.: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Priyono Qiara Amelia Putri , Yusniasari Putri Antika , Alifiansyah Mochamad Radika Tory , Suryanto Gerry Yahya , Widyowati Retno , Herdiansyah Mochammad Aqilah , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Purnobasuki Hery , Pratiwi Intan Ayu , Makhmudov Farrukh , Azimova Sanavar , Kizatova Maigul , Rebezov Maksim , Jakhmola Vikash , Sahadewa Sukma , Durry Fara Disa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Exploration of the utilization of plant-based natural materials as raw materials for medicines is still being carried out today. Various secondary metabolite compounds from plants have been found in recent decades, one of which is Alpinia galanga L. (greater galangal). The world community has long recognized the Alpinia galanga L. plant as a raw material for traditional medicinal herbs that can help cure several diseases, such as ulcers, headaches, rheumatism, migraines, and diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of the potential of medicinal ingredients from derivatives of metabolite compounds in Alpinia galanga L. has continued in this modern era by researchers through the science of herbal medicine. Researchers have found that all parts of this plant, including leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and rhizomes, have secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be developed for medicine. One part that contains an abundance of secondary metabolites, such as 1,8-cineole, α-fenchyl acetate, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-bergamotene, β-pinene, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACE), galangin, phenylpropanoid, and β-sitosterol diglucoside (AG-7), is the rhizome. Research related to the bioactivity test of these secondary metabolite compounds is still being conducted by researchers to reveal other amazing potentials of Alpinia galanga L. Therefore, this review article provides information related to the ethnomedicinal profile, phytochemicals, and various medical potentials of Alpinia galanga L.
Efficacy of Antibiotic Regimens for Sepsis or Possible Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Infants Aged 0 to 59 Days: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: North Krysten , Mathias Sitarah , Schmeck Naomi , Kim Yumin , Kehoe Tessa , Folger Lian V. , Hoey Amber , Wade Carrie , Driker Sophie , Chou Roger , Edmond Karen M. , Lee Anne CC 
Published: August 2024

CONTEXT
Sepsis is a leading cause of young infant mortality.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens to treat young infant sepsis or possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) on clinical outcomes.

DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials.

STUDY SELECTION
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of young infants 0 to 59 days with sepsis or PBSI (population) comparing the efficacy of antibiotic regimens (intervention) with alternate regimens or management (control) on clinical outcomes.

DATA EXTRACTION
We extracted data and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We performed random-effects meta-analysis, and used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to assess certainty of evidence.

RESULTS
Of 2390 publications, we included 41 RCTs (n = 18 054). Thirty-five trials were hospital-based and 6 were nonhospital-based. Meta-analysis of 4 trials demonstrated similar rates of treatment success with intramuscular/intravenous third generation cephalosporins versus intramuscular/intravenous penicillin or ampicillin + gentamicin (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93–1.13]; n = 1083; moderate certainty of evidence). Meta-analysis of 3 trials demonstrated similar rates of treatment failure with oral amoxicillin + intramuscular gentamicin versus intramuscular penicillin + gentamicin for nonhospital treatment of clinical severe illness (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72–1.02]; n = 5054; low certainty of evidence). Other studies were heterogeneous.

LIMITATIONS
RCTs evaluated heterogeneous regimens, limiting our ability to pool data.

CONCLUSIONS
We found limited evidence to support any single antibiotic regimen as superior to alternate regimens to treat young infant sepsis or PSBI.
How do Regeneration status, Vegetation Diversity, Stand Structure, and Carbon Stock vary across Ecological Regions of Nepal?
Authors: Ayer Santosh , Aman Prabhakar  , Kishor Adhikari  , Subrat Poudel  , Sandhya Basnet  , Manisha Timalsina  , Medha Giri  , Prashant Tarami Magar  , Saru Lamichane  , Anija Singh  
Published: August 2024

This study compared the regeneration status, vegetation diversity, stand structure, and carbon stock of two community-managed forests located in different ecological regions of Nepal. A total of 61 concentric sample plots were investigated by using systematic random sampling with 1 % sampling intensity. The phytosociological parameters of trees and regeneration density were calculated using standard techniques. The aboveground tree carbon was estimated using a non-destructive method. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the variation of carbon stock with biomass, stand density, tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, basal area, and seedling density. Janata community forest had higher regeneration than the Hazare community forest, with a bell-shaped distribution of DBH in Janata and an interrupted curve in Hazare community forest. Both forests were dominated by Shorea robusta. Hazare had higher Shannon diversity index, Simpson's index, and evenness index, while Janata community forest had higher carbon stock. The observed differences in the studied parameters between the two community forests can be attributed to the difference in ecological factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil nutrient availability, and management practices. Future studies focusing on investigating the underlying factors driving the observed patterns and relationships, such as the effects of disturbance, climate, and management practices on forest structure and function are also needed. These findings have important implications for forest management and conservation policies, especially in the context of climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.
The Complex Relationship Between Social and Functional Needs in Frail Older Adults
Authors: Wright Elena , Callahan Kathryn E. , Park Haley , Dunbar Corrinne , Gabbard Jennifer , Lenoir Kristin , Hughes Jaime M. , Woodard Renee , Palakshappa Deepak 
Published: August 2024

Background There has been a growing interest in integrating social and function-focused care into health care settings. Little is known about what older adults perceive as the needs that impact their lives, and the resources to address patients’ social and functional needs often exist outside of traditional health care settings. Methods Our objective was to understand frail older adults’ and community organizations’ perspectives on what social and functional needs impact older adults’ health, the support they receive, and how organizations and health systems could partner to address these needs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with patients and community-based organizations. Patients were aged 65 years or older, frail (electronic frailty index greater than 0.21), and at an increased geographic risk of unmet social needs (Area Deprivation Index greater than or equal to the 75th percentile). Staff were from organizations that provided social and/or functional resources to older adults. We used an inductive content analysis approach and the constant comparative method to analyze the data and identify themes. Results We interviewed 23 patients and 28 staff from 22 distinct organizations. We found that social, financial, and functional needs were common and highly intertwined among older adults with frailty, but the support they received at home, from their health care providers, and from community organizations was highly varied. Limitations Our sample was limited to participants from one county, so the results may not be generalizable to other areas. We only inter­viewed organizations and patients with frailty. Conclusions Health systems and community organizations have distinct areas of expertise, and purposeful collaboration between them could be important in addressing the needs of frail older adults.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of salivary gland tumours: An institutional study
Authors: Zanwar Poonam R , Humbe Jayanti G , Mandale Mandakini S , Nandkhedkar Vaishali A , Wagh Savita P 
Published: August 2024

Salivary gland tumour (SGTs) is the complex group of heterogeneous entities that pose serious challenges to the pathologist, surgeons and oncologist SGTs demonstrate wide geographical variation, constituting 2-6% of all head and neck cancers and 0.5% of total body malignancies. Most SGTs are benign with 70% arising in major glands. Malignant SGTs comprise approximately with 15–35% of parotid gland, 41–45% of submandibular and 70–90% of sublingual glands. SGTs have diverse histomorphology with 33 different tumours recognised by WHO, making diagnosis challenging. This study aimed to mitigate by accessing and analysing epidemiological data including demographic, clinical features and histological diagnoses of SGTs from tertiary regional cancer centre and government medical collegeThe retrospective study was included clinically and histopathological diagnosed 243 cases of SGTs from tertiary regional cancer centre, government medical college and government dental college.A total of 243 cases were analysed including 46% benign and 54% malignant tumours. A slight female predilection and peak incidence between the fifth and sixth decade for both benign and malignant tumours was observed. The majority (61%) of the SGT presented in minor and 39% in the major salivary glands. The parotid gland was the most common location for malignant SGT and minor glands for Benign SGT. Pleomorphic adenoma (38%), and Basal cell adenoma (31%), were the most common benign tumours whereas mucoepidermoid carcinoma (41%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (32%) were the most frequent malignant tumours.A morphologic diagnostic approach combined with ancillary immunohistochemical and molecular tests provides a frame work for the differential diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms.
Flatfoot Surgery for Flexible Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity With Inflammatory Joint Diseases
Authors: Okamura Gensuke , Hirao Makoto , Noguchi Takaaki , Etani Yuki , Ebina Kosuke , Kurihara Takuya , Goshima Atsushi , Tsuboi Hideki , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Takami Kenji , Okada Seiji , Hashimoto Jun 
Published: August 2024

Case:
Three cases of inflammatory joint diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus and ongoing juvenile idiopathic arthritis) with painful flexible progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) underwent flatfoot surgery. All cases maintained sufficient radiological correction and achieved good clinical condition at final follow-up.

Conclusion:
Although the prospect for recurrence of the deformity is not clear, even in inflammatory joint diseases, flat foot surgery such as flexor digitorum longs transfer, spring ligament reconstruction, and lateral column lengthening could have a possibility to be indicated against PCFD, as long as disease activity could be well suppressed by drug therapy, subsequently subtalar and talonavicular joints could be preserved.
Study Analyzes Selection of Subsea System Architectures for Offshore CCS
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2024

_
This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 34987, “Selection of Subsea System Architectures for Offshore CCS,” by Ana Requejo Olivan, OneSubsea; Andrew Ripley, Subsea 7; and Ian Pringle, OneSubsea, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 Offshore Technology Conference.

_
Different subsea-control-system architecture scenarios that could be used to inject CO2 offshore from a carbon capture plant onshore were assessed. Each scenario represented a qualification step toward a minimalist, fit-for-purpose configuration, with the final system featuring simple and all-electric subsea architecture. The authors adopted a holistic approach to a hypothetical subsea carbon capture and storage (CCS) project, evaluating the effect of subsea-control-system equipment technical readiness, CCS regulatory requirements, umbilical sizing, and installation strategy.

Introduction
Experience indicates that one of the more-common types of offshore CCS developments comprises a coastal-based carbon capture and compression plant (generally located in a region with high industrial emitters) and an offshore reservoir selected for CO2 injection, typically a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir or an aquifer, which requires a long tieback to shore, often in excess of 100 km.