bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentially expressed proteins in the skin mucus of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) upon natural infection with Vibrio anguillarum
Authors: Rajan Binoy , Lokesh Jep , Kiron Viswanath , Brinchmann Monica F 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Vibriosis caused by V. anguillarum is a commonly encountered disease in Atlantic cod farms and several studies indicate that the initiation of infection occurs after the attachment of the pathogen to the mucosal surfaces (gut, skin and gills) of fish. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the role of different mucosal components in fish upon V. anguillarum infection. The present study has two parts; in the first part we analyzed the differential expression of skin mucus proteins from Atlantic cod naturally infected with V. anguillarum using two dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. In the second part, a separate bath challenge experiment with V. anguillarum was conducted to assess the mRNA levels of the genes in skin tissue, corresponding to the selected proteins identified in the first part.

Results
Comparative proteome analysis of skin mucus of cod upon natural infection with V. anguillarum revealed key immune relevant proteins like calpain small subunit 1, glutathione-S-transferase omega 1, proteasome 26S subunit, 14-kDa apolipoprotein, beta 2-tubulin, cold inducible RNA binding protein, malate dehydrogenase 2 (mitochondrial) and type II keratin that exhibited significant differential expression. Additionally a number of protein spots which showed large variability amongst individual fish were also identified. Some of the proteins identified were mapped to the immunologically relevant JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) signalling pathway that is connected to cellular events associated with pathogenesis. A bath challenge experiment with V. anguillarum showed differential expression of beta 2-tubulin, calpain small subunit 1, cold inducible RNA binding protein, flotillin1, and glutathione S-transferase omega 1 transcripts in the skin tissue of cod during early stages of infection.

Conclusions
Differentially expressed proteins identified in the cod skin mucus point towards their possible involvement in V. anguillarum pathogenesis. The role of some of these proteins in vibriosis in cod described in this paper can be considered unconventional with respect to their established functions in higher vertebrates. Based on the differential expression of these proteins they are possibly important components of fish defence against bacteria and innate immunity at large. The feasibility of utilizing these proteins/genes as markers of bacterial infection or stress in cod needs to be explored further.
Diminished rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during trauma-unrelated emotional interference in PTSD
Authors: Offringa Reid , Handwerger Brohawn Kathryn , Staples Lindsay K , Dubois Stacey J , Hughes Katherine C , Pfaff Danielle L , VanElzakker Michael B , Davis F Caroline , Shin Lisa M 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Previous research suggests that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) preferentially attend to trauma-related emotional stimuli and have difficulty completing unrelated concurrent tasks. Compared to trauma-exposed control groups, individuals with PTSD also exhibit lower rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) activation during tasks involving interference from trauma-related stimuli. However, it is not clear whether relatively diminished rACC activation in PTSD also occurs during interference tasks involving trauma-unrelated emotional stimuli. The present study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an interference task that involves emotional facial expressions and elicits rACC activation in healthy participants.

Findings
While performing a trauma-unrelated emotional interference task, participants with PTSD (n=17) showed less rACC activation than trauma-exposed non-PTSD (TENP; n=18) participants. In the PTSD group, rACC activation was negatively correlated with the severity of re-experiencing symptoms. The two groups did not significantly differ on behavioral measures (i.e., response times and error rates).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that relatively diminished rACC activation in PTSD can be observed in interference tasks involving trauma-unrelated emotional stimuli, indicating a more general functional brain abnormality in this disorder. Future neuroimaging studies need not employ trauma-related stimuli in order to detect rACC abnormalities in PTSD.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells Harboring a Unique ALK Rearrangement in ALK-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Pailler Emma , Adam Julien , Barthélémy Amélie , Oulhen Marianne , Auger Nathalie , Valent Alexander , Borget Isabelle , Planchard David , Taylor Melissa , André Fabrice , Soria Jean Charles , Vielh Philippe , Besse Benjamin , Farace Françoise 
Published: May 2013

Purpose The diagnostic test for ALK rearrangement in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for crizotinib treatment is currently done on tumor biopsies or fine-needle aspirations. We evaluated whether ALK rearrangement diagnosis could be performed by using circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Patients and Methods The presence of an ALK rearrangement was examined in CTCs of 18 ALK-positive and 14 ALK-negative patients by using a filtration enrichment technique and filter-adapted fluorescent in situ hybridization (FA-FISH), a FISH method optimized for filters. ALK-rearrangement patterns were determined in CTCs and compared with those present in tumor biopsies. ALK-rearranged CTCs and tumor specimens were characterized for epithelial (cytokeratins, E-cadherin) and mesenchymal (vimentin, N-cadherin) marker expression. ALK-rearranged CTCs were monitored in five patients treated with crizotinib. Results All ALK-positive patients had four or more ALK-rearranged CTCs per 1 mL of blood (median, nine CTCs per 1 mL; range, four to 34 CTCs per 1 mL). No or only one ALK-rearranged CTC (median, one per 1 mL; range, zero to one per 1 mL) was detected in ALK-negative patients. ALK-rearranged CTCs harbored a unique (3′5′) split pattern, and heterogeneous patterns (3′5′, only 3′) of splits were present in tumors. ALK-rearranged CTCs expressed a mesenchymal phenotype contrasting with heterogeneous epithelial and mesenchymal marker expressions in tumors. Variations in ALK-rearranged CTC levels were detected in patients being treated with crizotinib. Conclusion ALK rearrangement can be detected in CTCs of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC by using a filtration technique and FA-FISH, enabling both diagnostic testing and monitoring of crizotinib treatment. Our results suggest that CTCs harboring a unique ALK rearrangement and mesenchymal phenotype may arise from clonal selection of tumor cells that have acquired the potential to drive metastatic progression of ALK-positive NSCLC.
Insulin and IGF-I Inhibit GH Synthesis and Release in Vitro and in Vivo by Separate Mechanisms
Authors: Gahete Manuel D. , Córdoba-Chacón José , Lin Qing , Brüning Jens C. , Kahn C. Ronald , Castaño Justo P. , Christian Helen , Luque Raúl M. , Kineman Rhonda D. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
IGF-I is considered a primary inhibitor of GH secretion. Insulin may also play an important role in regulating GH levels because insulin, like IGF-I, can suppress GH synthesis and release in primary pituitary cell cultures and insulin is negatively correlated with GH levels in vivo. However, understanding the relative contribution insulin and IGF-I exert on controlling GH secretion has been hampered by the fact that circulating insulin and IGF-I are regulated in parallel and insulin (INSR) and IGF-I (IGFIR) receptors are structurally/functionally related and ubiquitously expressed. To evaluate the separate roles of insulin and IGF-I in directly regulating GH secretion, we used the Cre/loxP system to knock down the INSR and IGFIR in primary mouse pituitary cell cultures and found insulin-mediated suppression of GH is independent of the IGFIR. In addition, pharmacological blockade of intracellular signals in both mouse and baboon cultures revealed insulin requires different pathways from IGF-I to exert a maximal inhibitory effect on GH expression/release. In vivo, somatotrope-specific knockout of INSR (SIRKO) or IGFIR (SIGFRKO) increased GH levels. However, comparison of the pattern of GH release, GH expression, somatotrope morphometry, and pituitary explant sensitivity to acute GHRH challenge in lean SIRKO and SIGFRKO mice strongly suggests the primary role of insulin in vivo is to suppress GH release, whereas IGF-I serves to regulate GH synthesis. Finally, SIRKO and/or SIGFRKO could not prevent high-fat, diet-induced suppression of pituitary GH expression, indicating other factors/tissues are involved in the decline of GH observed with weight gain.
Theoretical Model for the Carboxylic Group Acidity Constant Based on Connectivity Index 3χv
Authors: Milicevic Ante , Raos Nenad 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We developed a regression model for prediction of COOH acidity constant on 19 amino and 16 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. As variables we employed two subsummations of 3χv index terms, 3χv(chain) and 3χv(side). The calculation of 3χv(chain) includes only atoms constituting the main chain in a molecule, whereas the calculation of 3χv(side) includes atoms from the side chains. The model yielded r = 0.998, S.E. = 0.053 and r = 0.974, S.E. = 0.017, for amino and aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, respectively. As a test set we used three amino acids, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, predicting their pKa values with root-mean-square error, rms = 0.07 (I = 0) and 0.10 (I = 0.1 mol kg−1).
Formation of Au Nanostructure by Electrodeposition in a Mesoporous Silica Film with Interconnected Cage-Type Mesopores
Authors: Kanno Yosuke , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A mesoporous silica film with interconnected cage-type mesopores is found to work as a scaffold to construct a novel nanostructured Au by electrodeposition. The nanostructure consists of Au nanoparticles located in the mesopores and they are connected to each other, which induces a red shift in the visible absorption band.
Ab Initio QM/MM-MC Study on Hydrogen Transfer of Glycine Tautomerization in Aqueous Solution: Helmholtz Energy Changes along Water-mediated and Direct Processes
Authors: Miyamoto Hidenori , Aida Misako 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Helmholtz free-energy changes in aqueous solution along two paths of glycine tautomerization were investigated by using an ab initio QM/MM-MC method with the thermodynamic perturbation theory. Glycine and one water molecule were treated at the quantum mechanics (QM) level of MP2/6-31G(d); these were surrounded by 100 water molecules at the molecular mechanics (MM) level of TIP3P. AIM (atoms-in-molecules) analysis showed that the transfer of two hydrogen atoms occurs simultaneously along the water-mediated path. The free-energy barrier height of this path in aqueous solution was higher than that of the direct path.
Dehydrative Esterification of Acetic Acid by Ethanol as a Model Reaction for Polyester Synthesis Catalyzed by Scandium Perfluoroalkanesulfonates and Bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imides
Authors: Nomura Naoki , Takasu Akinori 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Scandium perfluoroalkanesulfonates and perfluoroalkanesulfonimides act as catalysts for the polyesterification of dicarboxylic acids by diols. We performed the model esterification between ethanol and acetic acid to measure the extent of the conversions and equilibrium constants for each scandium catalyst. According to the Arrhenius and Eyring constants, the activity of each scandium catalyst depends on its fluorine content and type of ligand, as reflected in the activation entropy values.
Genetic Bypass of Aspergillus nidulans crzA Function in Calcium Homeostasis
Authors: Almeida Ricardo S , Loss Omar , Colabardini Ana Cristina , Brown Neil Andrew , Bignell Elaine , Savoldi Marcela , Pantano Sergio , Goldman Maria Helena S , Arst Herbert N , Goldman Gustavo H 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
After dephosphorylation by the phosphatase calcineurin, the fungal transcription factor CrzA enters the nucleus and activates the transcription of genes responsible for calcium homeostasis and many other calcium-regulated activities. A lack of CrzA confers calcium-sensitivity to the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. To further understand calcium signaling in filamentous fungi and to identify genes that interact genetically with CrzA, we selected for mutations that were able to suppress crzAΔ calcium intolerance and identified three genes. Through genetic mapping, gene sequencing, and mutant rescue, we were able to identify these as cnaB (encoding the calcineurin regulatory subunit), folA (encoding an enzyme involved in folic acid biosynthesis, dihydroneopterin aldolase), and scrC (suppression of crzA-, encoding a hypothetical protein). By using a calcium indicator, Fluo-3, we were able to determine that the wild-type and the suppressor strains were either able to regulate intracellular calcium levels or were able to take up and or store calcium correctly. The increased expression of calcium transporters, pmcA and/or pmcB, in suppressor mutants possibly enabled tolerance to high levels of calcium. Our results suggest that a cnaB suppressor mutation confers calcium tolerance to crzAΔ strains through restoration of calcium homeostasis. These results stress that in A. nidulans there are calcineurin-dependent and CrzA-independent pathways. In addition, it is possible that CrzA is able to contribute to the modulation of folic acid biosynthesis.
Molecular Population Genetics of Inversion Breakpoint Regions inDrosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Wallace Andre G , Detweiler Don , Schaeffer Stephen W 
Published: May 2013

AbstractParacentric inversions in populations can have a profound effect on the pattern and organization of nucleotide variability along a chromosome. Regions near inversion breakpoints are expected to have greater levels of differentiation because of reduced genetic exchange between different gene arrangements whereas central regions in the inverted segments are predicted to have lower levels of nucleotide differentiation due to greater levels of genetic flux among different karyotypes. We used the inversion polymorphism on the third chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura to test these predictions with an analysis of nucleotide diversity of 18 genetic markers near and away from inversion breakpoints. We tested hypotheses about how the presence of different chromosomal arrangements affects the pattern and organization of nucleotide variation. Overall, markers in the distal segment of the chromosome had greater levels of nucleotide heterozygosity than markers within the proximal segment of the chromosome. In addition, our results rejected the hypothesis that the breakpoints of derived inversions will have lower levels of nucleotide variability than breakpoints of ancestral inversions, even when strains with gene conversion events were removed. High levels of linkage disequilibrium were observed within all 11 breakpoint regions as well as between the ends of most proximal and distal breakpoints. The central region of the chromosome had the greatest levels of linkage disequilibrium compared with the proximal and distal regions because this is the region that experiences the highest level of recombination suppression. These data do not fully support the idea that genetic exchange is the sole force that influences genetic variation on inverted chromosomes.
Generalized Admixture Mapping for Complex Traits
Authors: Zhu Bin , Ashley-Koch Allison E , Dunson David B 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAdmixture mapping is a popular tool to identify regions of the genome associated with traits in a recently admixed population. Existing methods have been developed primarily for identification of a single locus influencing a dichotomous trait within a case-control study design. We propose a generalized admixture mapping (GLEAM) approach, a flexible and powerful regression method for both quantitative and qualitative traits, which is able to test for association between the trait and local ancestries in multiple loci simultaneously and adjust for covariates. The new method is based on the generalized linear model and uses a quadratic normal moment prior to incorporate admixture prior information. Through simulation, we demonstrate that GLEAM achieves lower type I error rate and higher power than ANCESTRYMAP both for qualitative traits and more significantly for quantitative traits. We applied GLEAM to genome-wide SNP data from the Illumina African American panel derived from a cohort of black women participating in the Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby study and identified a locus on chromosome 2 associated with the averaged maternal mean arterial pressure during 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Texting While Driving and Other Risky Motor Vehicle Behaviors Among US High School Students
Authors: Olsen Emily O’Malley , Shults Ruth A. , Eaton Danice K. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the prevalence of texting/e-mailing while driving (TWD) and association of TWD with other risky motor vehicle (MV) behaviors among US high school students.

METHODS:
Data were used from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which assessed TWD during the 30 days before the survey among 8505 students aged ≥16 years from a nationally representative sample of US high school students. TWD frequency was coded into dichotomous and polychotomous variables. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between TWD and other risky driving behaviors, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and sex.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of TWD on ≥1 days during the 30 days before the survey was 44.5% (95% confidence interval: 40.8%–48.2%). Students who engaged in TWD were more likely than their non-TWD counterparts to not always wear their seatbelt (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.16; 1.07–1.26), ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol (1.74; 1.57–1.93), and drink alcohol and drive (5.33; 4.32–6.59). These other risky MV behaviors were most likely to occur among students who frequently engaged in TWD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nearly half of US high school students aged ≥16 years report TWD during the past 30 days; these students are more likely to engage in additional risky MV behaviors. This suggests there is a subgroup of students who may place themselves, their passengers, and others on the road at elevated risk for a crash-related injury or fatality by engaging in multiple risky MV behaviors.
Luminescence enhancement of colloidal quantum dots by strain compensation
Authors: Lu Y. , Zhang Y.Q. , Cao X. A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the effects of two different strain-relief bilayer shell structures on the luminescent properties of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs). CdSe QDs with a strain-compensated ZnS/ZnCdS bilayer shell were synthesized using the successive ion layer adsorption and reaction technique and their crystallinity of was examined by X-ray diffraction. The QDs enjoyed the benefits of excellent exciton confinement by the ZnS intermediate shell and strain compensation by the ZnCdS outer shell. The resulting CdSe/ZnS/ZnCdS QDs exhibited 40% stronger photoluminescence and a smaller peak redshift upon shell growth compared to conventional CdSe/ZnCdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with an intermediate lattice adaptor. CdSe/ZnS/ZnCdS QD light-emitting diodes (LEDs) had a luminance of 558 cd/m2 at 20 mA/cm2, 28% higher than that of CdSe/ZnCdS/ZnS QD-LEDs. The former also had better spectral purity. These results suggest that nanocrystal shells may be strain-engineered in a different way to achieve QDs of high crystalline and optical quality well suited for full-color display applications.
Strong light emission from stress-activated perovskite-related oxides
Authors: Kamimura Sunao , Yamada Hiroshi , Xu Chao-Nan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe report mechanoluminescence (ML) in Sm3+-doped Sr3Sn2O7 phosphors with perovskite-related structure. The ML from Sr3Sn2O7:Sm3+, emitted strong reddish-orange light upon compression, is clearly observable by naked eyes. Based on the comparison between ML spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum, the ML emission was identified to be due to electron transition from an excited state 4G5/2 to the ground state 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2) in Sm3+ ions. Although the ML emission was gradually decayed as compressive load was applied repeatedly, it recovered completely upon irradiation with UV light (254 nm). This behavior indicating that ML of Sr3Sn2O7:Sm3+ is intimately related to the charge traps. The charge transfer state (CTS) band in the PL excitation spectra was observed for Sr3Sn2O7:Sm3+, indicating that the efficient energy transfer from the host to the Sm3+ ions. The formation of CTS and the charge traps may be responsible for this ML performance.
Changes in Body Fat Distribution and Fitness Are Associated With Changes in Hemoglobin A1c After 9 Months of Exercise Training
Authors: Sénéchal Martin , Swift Damon L. , Johannsen Neil M. , Blair Steven N. , Earnest Conrad P. , Lavie Carl J. , Church Timothy S. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the associations between changes in body composition and fitness after exercise training and changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants (n = 201) were randomized to aerobic, resistance, or combined training for 9 months. HbA1c, waist circumference, total and trunk fat mass, appendicular fat mass, lean body mass, isokinetic leg muscle strength, peak O2 uptake, and estimated METs were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Change in HbA1c was evaluated across quartiles of change in body composition and fitness.

RESULTS
Change in HbA1c was associated with changes in body weight (r = 0.13, P = 0.052), waist circumference (r = 0.17, P = 0.013), trunk fat mass (r = 0.19, P = 0.005), and estimated METs (r = −0.16, P = 0.023). There was a trend in change in HbA1c across quartiles of waist circumference (P = 0.011), trunk fat mass (P = 0.020), and estimated METs (P = 0.011). Participants with increased estimated METs and reduced trunk fat mass had greater odds of having reduced HbA1c after training (3.48, 1.46–8.31). Finally, participants with increased estimated METs and reduced waist circumference were 2.81 (1.13–6.98) times more likely to have reduced HbA1c and type 2 diabetes medication use than those without improved fitness and central adiposity.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes, a reduction in central adiposity and increase in fitness were the most prominent predictors of the change in HbA1c in response to exercise training.