bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Crystal Structures, and Behavior in Solution of Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing 2-Cyanoethylphosphines: trans-[Co(Me2dtc)2{P(CH2CH2CN)nPh3−n}]BF4 (n = 1–3; Me2dtc−: N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate)
Authors: Kihara Keiko , Suzuki Takayoshi , Kita Masakazu , Sunatsuki Yukinari , Kojima Masaaki , Takagi Hideo D 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A series of cobalt(III) complexes containing 2-cyanoethylphosphines, [Co(Me2dtc)2{P(CH2CH2CN)nPh3−n}2]BF4 {Me2dtc−: N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate; n = 1 (1), 2 (2), and 3 (3)} have been prepared, and their molecular structures in the crystals and in solution have been characterized. X-ray analysis revealed that all complexes isolated as single-crystals were the trans-isomers. The Co–P bond lengths for the 2-cyanoethylphosphines in complexes 1–3 are almost invariant to the number of 2-cyanoethyl substituent groups. Unlike related complexes with other monodentate P-donor ligands, complexes 1–3 in solution showed dissociation and isomerization equilibriums, which were achieved immediately after dissolving the crystals. These characteristic features of the complexes would result from the weak σ-donor and π-acceptor abilities of 2-cyanoethylphosphines. Furthermore, mixing of complex 1 and NaN3 in acetonitrile gave cis-[Co(Me2dtc)2(N3){P(CH2CH2CN)Ph2}] quantitatively, and refluxing the mixture resulted in the phosphine–tetrazolate complex, [Co(Me2dtc)2(Ph2PCH2CH2CN4-κ2P,N1)] (4).
Overlapping ETS and CRE Motifs (G/CCGGAAGTGACGTCA) Preferentially Bound by GABPα and CREB Proteins
Authors: Chatterjee Raghunath , Zhao Jianfei , He Ximiao , Shlyakhtenko Andrey , Mann Ishminder , Waterfall Joshua J , Meltzer Paul , Sathyanarayana B K , FitzGerald Peter C , Vinson Charles 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Previously, we identified 8-bps long DNA sequences (8-mers) that localize in human proximal promoters and grouped them into known transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). We now examine split 8-mers consisting of two 4-mers separated by 1-bp to 30-bps (X4-N1-30-X4) to identify pairs of TFBS that localize in proximal promoters at a precise distance. These include two overlapping TFBS: the ETS⇔ETS motif (C/GCCGGAAGCGGAA) and the ETS⇔CRE motif (C/GCGGAAGTGACGTCAC). The nucleotides in bold are part of both TFBS. Molecular modeling shows that the ETS⇔CRE motif can be bound simultaneously by both the ETS and the B-ZIP domains without protein-protein clashes. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) shows that the ETS protein GABPα and the B-ZIP protein CREB preferentially bind to the ETS⇔CRE motif only when the two TFBS overlap precisely. In contrast, the ETS domain of ETV5 and CREB interfere with each other for binding the ETS⇔CRE. The 11-mer (CGGAAGTGACG), the conserved part of the ETS⇔CRE motif, occurs 226 times in the human genome and 83% are in known regulatory regions. In vivo GABPα and CREB ChIP-seq peaks identified the ETS⇔CRE as the most enriched motif occurring in promoters of genes involved in mRNA processing, cellular catabolic processes, and stress response, suggesting that a specific class of genes is regulated by this composite motif.
Use of Thiazolidinediones and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Chen Shih-Wei , Tsan Yu-Tse , Chen Jong-Dar , Hsieh Hui-I , Lee Chang-Hsing , Lin Hsien-Ho , Wang Jung-Der , Chen Pau-Chung ,   Health Data Analysis in Taiwan Research Group
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
Preclinical data suggest that peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists have antineoplastic effects in colorectal cancer. We aimed to assess the association between the use of synthetic PPARγ agonists, represented by thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a nationwide, population-based, case-control study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Case subjects were defined as patients who were diagnosed with diabetes at least 365 days prior to a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2008. We randomly selected diabetic control subjects for each case subject, which were matched by sex, age, and the duration of diabetes. Among the 24,496 eligible case subjects and control subjects, we used conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of colorectal cancer in association with the use of TZDs. An additional analysis was conducted to assess the effects of concomitant use of TZDs and low-dose aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of colorectal cancer.

RESULTS
A decreased risk of colorectal cancer was observed in patients who had used TZDs compared with those who had never used TZDs (adjusted odds ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.79–0.94]). Furthermore, the benefit of a decreased colorectal cancer risk was also found with concomitant use of TZDs and low-dose aspirin or NSAIDs.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of TZDs may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization of Carotid Plaque Improves the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Katakami Naoto , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Kaneto Hideaki , Sakamoto Ken’ya , Yoshiuchi Kazutomi , Irie Yoko , Kubo Fumiyo , Katsura Takashi , Yamasaki Yoshimitsu , Kosugi Keisuke , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether noninvasive ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid plaque using integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis can be a predictor of future cardiovascular events (CVE) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively evaluated the association between Calibrated-IBS value, an ultrasonic marker for tissue characteristics of carotid plaque, and CVE in 85 asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with carotid plaque.

RESULTS
The median follow-up period was 7.9 years, and there were 20 new CVE. The risk of CVE was significantly higher in the subjects with low Calibrated-IBS values (&lt;−17.1 dB; n = 42) as compared with those with high values (≥−17.1 dB; n = 43) (P = 0.004, log-rank test). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that both Calibrated-IBS value (hazard ratio [HR] 0.802 [95% CI 0.710–0.906]; P &lt; 0.0001) and plaque thickness (1.938 [1.170–3.213]; P = 0.010) were independently associated with CVE, even after adjustment for the 10-year risk for a general cardiovascular disease estimated by Framingham risk scoring (FRS). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for CVE at 10 years after the baseline examinations revealed that area under the curve for Calibrated-IBS was 0.76 (0.60–0.90) and substantially higher than those for plaque thickness (0.60 [0.45–0.79]) and FRS (0.60 [0.40–0.78]). These analyses also revealed that the addition of both plaque thickness and Calibrated-IBS value to conventional risk factors significantly improved the event prediction.

CONCLUSIONS
Calibrated-IBS value could improve the risk prediction of CVE in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with carotid plaque.
Early Childhood Infections and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity
Authors: Snell-Bergeon Janet K. , Smith Jennifer , Dong Fran , Barón Anna E. , Barriga Kathy , Norris Jill M. , Rewers Marian 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVEType 1 diabetes is a common chronic childhood disease, and the incidence is increasing globally. Childhood infections are considered a potential environmental trigger of type 1 diabetes. Alternatively, improved hygiene and reduced childhood infections could explain the increase in type 1 diabetes in developed countries. The association of reported illnesses during infancy and later development of islet autoimmunity (IA) were examined in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSComplete illness interviews through 9 months of age were collected for 1,729 children—1,174 without a family history of type 1 diabetes and 555 with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes. Persistent IA was defined as positive antibodies to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, or tyrosine phosphatase on at least two consecutive study visits.RESULTSThere were 109 children with persistent IA among the 1,729 children with illness records. A greater number of gastrointestinal illnesses were associated with an increased risk of IA, but only among children who were exposed to gluten-containing grains (wheat or barley) either &lt;4 months of age (hazard ratio 1.37 [95% CI 1.22–1.55]; P &lt; 0.0001) or ≥7 months of age (1.12 [1.05–1.19]; P = 0.0005) compared with 4–6 months of age (P for interaction = 0.02). There were no associations of upper respiratory symptoms, respiratory illnesses, or fevers with IA.CONCLUSIONSSpecific pathogens such as enteroviruses or rotavirus may increase the risk of IA in the presence of existing inflammation induced by diet.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Insulin Action for Three Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs Injected Subcutaneously With and Without Hyaluronidase
Authors: Morrow Linda , Muchmore Douglas B. , Hompesch Marcus , Ludington Elizabeth A. , Vaughn Daniel E. 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
To compare the pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of three rapid-acting insulin analogs (aspart, glulisine, and lispro) injected subcutaneously with or without recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This double-blind six-way crossover euglycemic glucose clamp study was conducted in 14 healthy volunteers. Each analog was injected subcutaneously (0.15 units/kg) with or without rHuPH20.

RESULTS
The commercial formulations had comparable insulin time-exposure and time-action profiles as follows: 50% exposure at 123–131 min and 50% total glucose infused at 183–186 min. With rHuPH20, the analogs had faster yet still comparable profiles: 50% exposure at 71–79 min and 50% glucose infused at 127–140 min. The accelerated absorption with rHuPH20 led to twice the exposure in the first hour and half the exposure beyond 2 h, which resulted in 13- to 25-min faster onset and 40- to 49-min shorter mean duration of insulin action.

CONCLUSIONS
Coinjection of rHuPH20 with rapid-acting analogs accelerated insulin exposure, producing an ultra-rapid time-action profile with a faster onset and shorter duration of insulin action.
Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zinman Bernard , Philis-Tsimikas Athena , Cariou Bertrand , Handelsman Yehuda , Rodbard Helena W. , Johansen Thue , Endahl Lars , Mathieu Chantal ,   on behalf of the NN1250-3579 (BEGIN Once Long) Trial Investigators
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
To compare ultra-long-acting insulin degludec with glargine for efficacy and safety in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this 1-year, parallel-group, randomized, open-label, treat-to-target trial, adults with type 2 diabetes with A1C of 7−10% taking OADs were randomized 3:1 to receive once daily degludec or glargine, both with metformin. Insulin was titrated to achieve prebreakfast plasma glucose (PG) of 3.9−4.9 mmol/L. The primary end point was confirmation of noninferiority of degludec to glargine in A1C reduction after 52 weeks in an intent-to-treat analysis.

RESULTS
In all, 1,030 participants (mean age 59 years; baseline A1C 8.2%) were randomized (degludec 773, glargine 257). Reduction in A1C with degludec was similar (noninferior) to that with glargine (1.06 vs. 1.19%), with an estimated treatment difference of degludec to glargine of 0.09% (95% CI −0.04 to 0.22). Overall rates of confirmed hypoglycemia (PG &lt;3.1 mmol/L or severe episodes requiring assistance) were similar, with degludec and glargine at 1.52 versus 1.85 episodes/patient-year of exposure (PYE). There were few episodes of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia in the overall population, and these occurred at a lower rate with degludec versus glargine (0.25 vs. 0.39 episodes/PYE; P = 0.038). Similar percentages of patients in both groups achieved A1C levels &lt;7% without hypoglycemia. End-of-trial mean daily insulin doses were 0.59 and 0.60 units/kg for degludec and glargine, respectively. Adverse event rates were similar.

CONCLUSIONS
Insulins degludec and glargine administered once daily in combination with OADs provided similar long-term glycemic control in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes, with lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia with degludec.
The Vessel Traffic Management System at the Batangas Baseport: Basis of Enhancing Vessel Traffic Services at the Batangas Bay
Authors: Javier Flora V. , Aguado Carlos 
Published: October 2012

This study assessed the status of implementation of the Vessel Traffic Management System at the Batangas Baseport. Specifically, it determined the previous and current state of marine traffic in Batangas Bay, identified the marine hazards that have become evident at the Batangas Bay Area and determined the vessels ‘compliance with the rules or provisions of the VTMS and the subsequent imposition of penalty fees for non-compliance. The study utilized the descriptive method of research. Personal interviews were conducted with the management and concerned offices. The gathered data were analyzed using frequency, rank, sum, mean, percentage and ratio. Results showed that there was heavy marine traffic during the period under study. Most marine accidents involved collisions and grounding while spill incidents were mainly oil or oil products of small manufacturing companies, cargo ships or tankers were relatively small in quantity compared to world record of oil spills. There was an effective implementation of the Vessel Traffic Management System at the Baseport evidenced by the vessels’ compliance with the provisions of the VTMS that has resulted to avoidance of accidents. The reasons of non-compliance are generally minor in nature which requires minimal penalty fees. Keywords - Vessel, Base port, Traffic, maritime
Technical/Vocational Training Needs in Loon, Bohol
Authors: Angel Dominique M. , Hormiguera Faustino Rey T. , Pangiligan Ruel B. , Laniba Amelia T. 
Published: October 2012

The main thrust of this study was to determine the Technical/Vocational training needs and available training facilities of the residents of Loon, Bohol. Specifically, this study sought to determine the technical/vocational training program that can be proposed to alleviate poverty in the municipality. This study used the descriptive-survey design and utilized the questionnaire as a tool for gathering data. The data were tabulated and interpreted using the percentage of measurement, ranked and were presented using pie graph. The findings showed that among the 11 technical/vocational training options, Food Technology was the respondents’ primary choice. The survey revealed that the most abundant training facilities available were also for the same trade. The researchers concluded that the residents of Loon are more inclined to preparing and cooking food. Evidently, the highest percentage of available training facilities is also for Food Technology. They found this discipline significant to learn and they believed this could alleviate the economic crisis that they are currently suffering from. The researchers recommend that the Office of Extension Services ought to utilize the findings of the study for its Community Extension Program. Keywords - vocational training needs, food technology, discipline
Rhodium interaction with human NRG1 gene of Schizophrenia
Authors: NAWAZ RUKHSANA , ZAHIR ERUM , SHAD K FATIMA 
Published: October 2012

Rhodium (II) acetate [Rh2 (O2CCH3)4] couldbe used as an indicator for single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs) involved in the onset of schizophrenia. Rhodium(Rh1) has affinity to make covalent interactions withneuregulin (NRG1) gene at SNPs mutation. Binding effects ofRh1 has been studied under different molar concentrationsat different time periods. In this study we used Rh1 toevaluate its interaction with NRG1 gene in Schizophrenicpatients of Pakistan. Rh-NRG1 adduct were amplified by PCR and visualized on agarose gel electrophoresis. Herewe show Rh1 binding with NRG1 gene was inhibited withincreasing concentration ranges from 0.5 -3 μM. It has beennoted that upon binding with NRG1 gene Rh1 decreasedthe mobility and intensity of the DNA bands. Noticeably Rh1didn’t inhibit the activity of Mun1 restriction enzyme havingspecific CAAA cleavage site. After the digestion of NRG1gene having SNPs mutation combining with Rh1 proves itscovalent binding only with Guanine or Thymine and notwith Adenine or Cytosine. This is a novel study that showsrhodium can covalently binds with human dsDNA and caninhibit its amplification. The effect of Rh1 to target differentSNPs mutations (normally occurs in genetic diseases suchas schizophrenia) can be identified by using this technique.There are variations between human populations, so a SNPallele that is common in one geographical or ethnic groupmay be much rarer in another, and Rh1 can act as a usefultool to identify SNPs of schizophrenic genes. Keywords - Pakistani Population, Schizophrenia, SingleNucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Neuregulin (NRG1),Rhodium (Rh)
Problem-Based and Activity-Based Approach: Their Influence to Students’ Achievement and Retention Scores in Introductory Probability and Statistics
Authors: Herrera Fernando T. 
Published: October 2012

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of the problem-based and activity-based approach to students’ achievement and retention scores in Introductory Probability and Statistics. A pretest- post-testquasi experimental and control group design was used in the study to test the effectiveness of the three approaches of instruction.Three intact sections, with a total of 101 students of Saint Joseph Institute of Technology-Butuan City, were the subjects of this study. Two sections were randomly assigned as experimental groups and the other one, a control group. Experimental groups were exposed to problem-based and activity-based approach, while the control group was exposed to lecture-discussion. All groups were given the pre-testand post-test using the validated teacher-made questionnaire before and after the treatment respectively.The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) of unequal n’s was used to analyze the effect of the three approaches of instruction on students’ achievement. Likewise, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of unequal n’s was used to analyze the effect of the three methods on students’ retention scores. Pre-test was used as a covariate in the study. Based on the analysis, the study revealed the following results: (1) Students who were exposed to problem-based instruction were as good as those who were exposed to lecture-discussion as evidenced by their overall mean post-test scores. (2) There was a significant difference in the students’ achievement scores as influenced by the three methods of instruction. Students exposed in problem-based instruction performed better than the activity method. However, problem-based method was as good as the lecture-discussion approach and the activity approach was as good as the lecture-discussion approach. (3) The students’ retention scores in the three approaches of instruction have decreased as shown in their post-test scores with students exposed in the activity method getting the least decrease in scores, and (4) The difference between the post-test scores and retention scores of the students did not differ significantly as influenced by the three approaches of instruction. Keywords - Problem-based approach, activity-based approach, lecture-discussion approach,achievement and retention scores
Global Predictors of People’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
Authors: Neri Donna Lou E. 
Published: October 2012

This study generally assessed the peoples’ vulnerability and coping to climate change. Vulnerability is a function of exposure, sensitivity (risk) and adaptive capacity or coping. This descriptive and analytic study considered the economic, social, and infrastructure and services vulnerabilities, as well as the adaptive capacity (coping) of each country to climate change through data mining. Data gathered went through Principal Components Analysis (PCA), regression and cluster analysis with the aid of the MINITAB Software. Countries were then grouped according to their extent of vulnerability and theories were developed basing on the statistical results. Stepwise regression was likewise conducted to validate the theories generated. Based on the highlighted results of the study: it can be concluded that majority of the countries (98 countries) are moderately vulnerable to climate change. Nonetheless, a third (44 countries) is already highly vulnerable and one country (Nicaragua) is very highly vulnerable to climate change. Inferentially, it can also be concluded that vulnerability to climate change is influenced by human development and environmental protection factors. Keywords - Climate change, vulnerability, mitigation, adaptation
Conflict Management Styles and Personality Attributes of the Southeast Asian School Managers
Authors: Baliton Fructuoso C. 
Published: October 2012

School managers have to manage conflict in a way that most benefits the organization and do the least harm to conflicting parties (Gannon 1979). A manager brings his people and personality to his office. This theory signifies the indispensability of one’s personality to a leader’s performance in his official job (Davis and Newstrom 1995). This descriptive survey-correlation method of research tried to find out which conflict management styles relate significantly to the personality attributes of the Southeast Asian school managers. The findings may serve as a feedback as to how this group of school managers manages conflict in certain situations and as a partial basis for assessment to determine their conflict management styles and personality attributes. The result indicated non-significant differences between their conflict management styles used in each of the five areas of concern which was established based on the computed value of the Phi-Coefficient since there were only two conflict management styles expressed by them in each area of concern namely, Integratingand Forcing. Point-Biserial Correlation Coefficient resulted to significant relationships between their conflict management styles and personality attributes since conflict management styles of Executive Position and Career have significant relationships with Selfesteem and Risk taking personality attributes. Keywords - Conflict management, personality attribute, educational administration, organizational conflict, and organizational management.
Analysis of Protein and Lipid Dynamics Using Confocal Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP)
Authors: Day Charles A. , Kraft Lewis J. , Kang Minchul , Kenworthy Anne K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a powerful, versatile, and widely accessible tool to monitor molecular dynamics in living cells that can be performed using modern confocal microscopes. Although the basic principles of FRAP are simple, quantitative FRAP analysis requires careful experimental design, data collection, and analysis. In this unit, we discuss the theoretical basis for confocal FRAP, followed by step‐by‐step protocols for FRAP data acquisition using a laser‐scanning confocal microscope for (1) measuring the diffusion of a membrane protein, (2) measuring the diffusion of a soluble protein, and (3) analysis of intracellular trafficking. Finally, data analysis procedures are discussed, and an equation for determining the diffusion coefficient of a molecular species undergoing pure diffusion is presented. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 62:2.19.1‐2.19.29. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.