bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality of Dandy-Walker syndrome in the United States: Analysis by race, gender, and insurance status
Authors: McClelland Shearwood , Ukwuoma Onyinyechi I. , Lunos Scott , Okuyemi Kolawole S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS) is a congenital disorder often diagnosed in early childhood. Typically manifesting with signs/symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, DWS is catastrophic unless timely neurosurgical care can be administered via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. The rates of mortality, adverse discharge disposition (ADD), and CSF drainage in DWS may not be uniform regardless of race, gender or insurance status; such differences could reflect disparities in access to neurosurgical care. This study examines these issues on a nationwide level. Materials and Methods: The Kids’ Inpatient Database spanning 1997-2003 was used for analysis. Only patients admitted for DWS (ICD-9-CM = 742.3) were included. Multivariate analysis was adjusted for several variables, including patient age, race, sex, admission type, primary payer, income, and hospital volume. Results: More than 14,000 DWS patients were included. Increasing age predicted reduced mortality (OR = 0.87; P < 0.05), ADD (OR = 0.96; P < 0.05), and decreased likelihood of receiving CSF drainage (OR = 0.86; P < 0.0001). Elective admission type predicted reduced mortality (OR = 0.29; P = 0.0008), ADD (OR = 0.68; P < 0.05), and increased CSF drainage (OR = 2.02; P < 0.0001). African-American race (OR = 1.20; P < 0.05) and private insurance (OR = 1.18; P < 0.05) each predicted increased likelihood of receiving CSF drainage, but were not predictors of mortality or ADD. Gender, income, and hospital volume were not significant predictors of DWS outcome. Conclusion: Increasing age and elective admissions each decrease mortality and ADD associated with DWS. African-American race and private insurance status increase access to CSF drainage. These findings contradict previous literature citing African-American race as a risk factor for mortality in DWS, and emphasize the role of private insurance in obtaining access to potentially lifesaving operative care.
Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa: Killer disease with sparse data
Authors: Assogba Komi , Belo Mofou , Wateba Majeste Ihou , Gnonlonfoun Dieu Donné , Ossou-Inguiet Paul M. , Tsanga Berenger B.C. , Ndiaye Moustapha , Grunitzky Eric K. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The extent of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis (NMC) has increased since the advent of HIV/AIDS. It has non-specific clinical signs but marked by high mortality. Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the NMC in sub-Saharan Africa. Materials and Methods: We have conducted a literature reviewed on the NMC in sub-Saharan Africa from the publications available on the basis of national and international data with keywords such as “Cryptococcus, Epidemiology, Symptoms, Outcomes and Mortality” and their equivalent in French in July 2011. All publications from 1990 to 2010 with 202 references were analyzed. The following results are the means of different studied variables. Results: We selected in final 43 publications dealing with the NMC which 24 involved 17 countries in Africa. The average age was 36 years old. The average prevalence was 3.41% and the average incidence was 10.48% (range 6.90% to 12%). The most common signs were fever (75%), headaches (62.50%) and impaired consciousness. Meningeal signs were present in 49% of cases. The mean CD4 count was 44.8cells/mm3. The India ink and latex agglutination tests were the most sensitive. The average time before the consultation and the hospital stay was almost identical to 27.71 days. The average death rate was 45.90%. Fluconazole has been the most commonly used molecule. Conclusion: The epidemiological indicators of NMC varied more depending on the region of sub-Saharan Africa. Early and effective taking care of patients to reduce diagnostic delay and heavy mortality remains the challenges.
Myoarchitectonic advancement of the C2 spinous process for C1-C2 posterior fusion: A novel technique
Authors: Sinha Ajit Kumar , Goyal Sumit 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study of an innovative surgical technique. Objective: To assess the feasibility of using a large C2 spinous process as a vascularized bone graft donor with muscles attached to it in C1-C2 posterior fusion with evaluation of post operative fusion and pain in these cases. Summary of Background Data: C1-C2 posterior fusion essentially requires a bone graft and for this a separate incision is needed at the donor site with its associated morbidity. The procedure also entails detachment of muscles attached to the C2 spinous process. Due to the detachment of these muscles with important functions, postoperative nuchal pain is common in these patients. We developed a novel technique of harvesting the vascularized C2 spinous process as a bone graft to minimize the above-mentioned complications. Materials and Methods: Five patients with atlanto-axial dislocation due to various pathologies underwent C1-C2 posterior arthrodesis with the present technique. They were followed up for 6 to 18 months and were evaluated for feasibility of procedure, post operative fusion and post operative complications, especially pain. Results: The procedure was accomplished successfully in all patients without any perioperative complications. All patients were pain free 3 months after surgery—mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 0.4. Fusion (confirmed by plain radiography in three and by CT scan in two patients) was achieved in all five patients (100%). Conclusion: Myoarchitectonic advancement of C2 spinous process is a novel technique of C1-C2 posterior fusion in which a local vascularized bone graft is used avoiding donor site morbidity and at the same time preservation of dynamic function of muscles attached reduces the post operative pain.
Is in utero Fetal Neurological Assessment Comparable to Postnatal Neurological Assessment?
Authors: Vasilj Oliver 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
The traditional concept that brain damage is caused during birth or early neonatal period has been challenged. This is supported by the fact that the incidence of cerebral palsy stayed unchanged despite the global increase of cesarean sections. Consequently, the medicolegal importance of fetal neurological research is essential and needed. Years of research have provided us with important knowledge about association of fetal movements with brain development. The basic studies were done by two-dimensional ultrasound. The implementation of four-dimensional ultrasound in evaluation of fetal behavior has opened new and unexplored possibilities of evaluating the quality of fetal movements and a detailed assessment of fetal facial expressions. It is known that early postnatal neurological assessment, regarding future prediction of neurological optimality, has great limitations do to wonderful brain plasticity. Taking this very important limitation in to the account we could conclude that the preliminary studies comparing prenatal and postnatal neurological assessment are comparable. More importantly they emphasize the fact that the study of fetal behavior is most probably the right path in the study of fetal neurological development.

How to cite this article
Vasilj O. Is in utero Fetal Neurological Assessment Comparable to Postnatal Neurological Assessment? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 9(1):91-95.
First Experience in Clinical Application of KANET
Authors: Tikvica Luetic Ana 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction of three- and four-dimensional ultrasound into clinical practice enabled qualitative and quantitative assessment of fetal movements, including the analysis of fetal face expression which is considered to be the mirror of the maturational processes of upper motor neuron. Since, prenatal fetal behavioral patterns are reflections of developmental and maturational processes within the fetal central nervous system, the findings about changes in fetal movements and behavior could leed to the prenatal diagnosis of neurological impairment. Kurjak's antenatal neurodevelopment test (KANET) is the first prenatal test based on the three- and four-dimensional ultrasound examination of the fetus that could be used for the evaluation and prediction of the fetal neurologic status.How to cite this articleLuetic AT. First Experience in Clinical Application of KANET. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(1):96-99.
STUDY OF AMINO ACID MODIFIERS IN GUAYULE NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: McMahan Colleen , Lhamo Dhondup 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Guayule, a desert shrub indigenous to the United States, is under development as a source of natural rubber that can be used in place of petroleum-based rubber or Hevea rubber. In natural rubbers, physical and chemical properties can be strongly affected by nonrubber constituents, typically proteins and lipids, present in the material, depending on the plant species and postharvest processing. Hevea natural rubber typically contains high levels of nonrubber constituents that contribute to thermal-oxidative stability, cure acceleration, and especially strain-induced crystallization. The latter has been attributed to compound properties that render Hevea natural rubber uniquely suited for the most demanding rubber applications (e.g., aircraft tires). Hevea proteins are susceptible to hydrolysis, releasing free amino acids into the latex, which can affect rubber and compound properties. Here, low-protein guayule latex was blended with a series of amino acids varying in chemical structure. Bulk viscosity was reduced, thermal-oxidative stability was improved, and cure rate was influenced by the addition of amino acids. Generally, gel formation, green strength, and tensile strength were not affected. The results introduce a new perspective for amino acids as biobased rubber compound additives and provide insights into naturally occurring nonrubber constituents' interaction with natural rubber polymers.
Hip Dislocation following Minor Trauma in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dearden Paul M. , Lowery Kathryn A. , Bates Joanna , Datir Sandeep P. 
Published: March 2015

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder which is known to have associated skeletal manifestations. There are documented cases of hip dislocation in NF-1, although it is a rare occurrence. Previous cases have been associated with intra-articular neurofibromas, acetabular protrusio and femoral deformities such as coxa valga and in one case increased femoral offset. The authors review the literature on pelvic manifestations and report a case of hip dislocation in a 19-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis-one following minor trauma believed to be secondary to markedly increased femoral offset. This case illustrates the effect the NF-1 can have on the anatomy of the proximal femur and one of the complications that can present to the orthopaedic surgeon, without the presence on an intra-articular neurofibroma. In a review of the literature the authors found only two other cases of hip dislocation associated with NF-1 that occurred without the presence of an intra-articular neurofibroma.
Efficacy and Safety of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in Patients with Previous Pneumonectomy
Authors: Levra Niccolò Giaj , Filippi Andrea Riccardo , Guarneri Alessia , Badellino Serena , Mantovani Cristina , Ruffini Enrico , Ricardi Umberto 
Published: March 2015

Background Thoracic surgery for a newly diagnosed primary lung tumor following a previous pneumonectomy is rarely indicated. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) might represent a curative option. This report focuses on outcomes, toxicity and quality of life (QoL) after SABR. Methods Nine patients were treated with SABR between 2004 and 2011; median time since surgery was 8.4 years. In 4 cases, a histological confirmation was possible with bronchoscopy. In 5 cases, the clinical proof of malignancy was based on radiological criteria. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were tested in all patients. A SABR biologically equivalent dose of >100 Gy was prescribed in all cases. QoL questionnaire forms were administered before SABR and during follow-up. Results Median follow-up was 41.8 months. We did not observe grade >3 acute toxicity, and concerning late toxicity, we registered 2 cases. QoL was decreased during the first 12 months of follow-up, followed by a progressive improvement after this time. One patient had a local relapse at 7.4 years; 1 developed a new nodule at 5.5 years, associated with metastases; and 1 developed a new nodule without any systemic disease at 3 years. There were 2 cancer-related deaths (18.2%) at 3 and 12 months after progression. Conclusions Data support efficacy and safety of SABR in patients with a new primary lung cancer following previous pneumonectomy, with acceptable acute, late toxicity profile and without significant impairment of QoL. Our results were comparable to those in the literature.
Contracteren in de cloud – ken uw risico’s
Authors: Daniëls K. , Kits P. 
Published: March 2015

Contracteren in de cloud – ken uw risico’s
Cloud computing is het via het internet altijd, overal en op elk ‘device’ gebruik kunnen maken van applicaties en online diensten. Het begrip ‘cloud’ verwijst naar de computers waarop gebruikers werken die feitelijk ‘onzichtbaar’ zijn geworden. Er kleven risico’s aan deze diensten. Dit artikel beschrijft de belangrijkste juridische en contractuele risico’s en aandachtspunten.
Environmental control of deep convective clouds on Titan: The combined effect of CAPE and wind shear on storm dynamics, morphology, and lifetime
Authors: Rafkin Scot C. R. , Barth E. L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTitan has deep convective clouds driven by the release of latent from methane condensation. As on Earth, the presence of convective available potential energy (CAPE), which quantifies the amount of energy available through condensation, is required for storms to develop. While CAPE is a requirement for storms, the dynamics, morphology, and longevity of storms on Earth is controlled by both CAPE and wind shear, often expressed as a ratio in the form of the bulk Richardson Number. The impact of CAPE and wind shear on storms in a Titan‐like environment are explored through numerical simulation. Model results indicate that Titan storms should respond to changes in the Richardson Number in a manner similar to storms on Earth. Very long‐lived storms (>24 h) propagating for 1000 km or more might be possible on Titan when CAPE and wind shear are properly balanced. Some of the simulated storms exhibit dynamics similar to squall lines. Varying amounts of shear in the Titan environment might explain the variety of convective cloud expressions—varying from short‐lived single cell storms to longer‐lived linear features and large cloud bursts—identified in Cassini orbiter and ground‐based observations. The varying amounts and spatial distribution of precipitation, as well as surface winds associated with storms, should have implications on the formation of fluvial and aeolian features and on the exchange of methane with the surface and lakes.
Estimating bankfull discharge and depth in ungauged estuaries
Authors: Gisen Jacqueline Isabella Anak , Savenije Hubert H.G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt is difficult to measure river discharge accurately in an estuary, and particularly, in the region where the tidal flow dominates over the river discharge. River discharge is important for the morphology and hydrodynamics of estuaries as it influences the salt intrusion process, tidal dynamics, freshwater supply (water resources management), and the occurrence of floods. Here we try to derive river regime characteristics from the seaward end: the estuary. It is found that there are empirical relationships that link the geometry of an estuary to its river regime, which can be used to estimate river discharge characteristics with the least of data available. The aims of this study are: (1) to derive empirical relations between geometrical characteristics of estuaries and the bankfull discharge; (2) to explore a physical explanation for this relation; and (3) to estimate the bankfull discharge in estuaries. The physical connection between an estuary and its river regime is found by combining estuary shape analysis, tidal dynamic analysis, and Lacey's hydraulic geometry theory. The relationships found between the estuary depth, width, and bankfull river discharge have been tested in 23 estuaries around the world (including seven recently surveyed estuaries). From the analysis, it shows that the depth of an estuary is a function of the bankfull flood discharge to the power of 1/3, which is in agreement with Lacey's formula. This finding not only provides a method to estimate estuary depth, it also allows estimating flood discharge characteristics from readily available estuary shape indicators.
Rupture history of 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake inferred from near‐fault strong motion data and its impact to the practice of ground strong motion prediction
Authors: Ji Chen , Archuleta Ralph J. , Twardzik Cedric 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe spatiotemporal rupture history of the 2014 South Napa earthquake is constrained using near‐fault strong motion records. An aggressive source parameterization with 1372 subfaults is adopted to match the signals in the transverse components up to 4 Hz. The result reveals that the rupture of the Napa earthquake initiated at a depth of 9.84 km and propagated mainly to north‐northwest (NNW) and updip on a 13 km long fault patch. A gradual increase in average rise time when the rupture propagates to shallower depth is observed. However, it is the rupture of a small (Mw 4.9), isolated, and high stress drop fault patch that excited the largest ground acceleration at stations south of the epicenter. Such fine‐scale rupture heterogeneity shall be considered during seismic hazard analysis.
A Chiral Bipyridyl Alcohol for Catalytic Enantioselective Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi Allylation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Chen Rui‐Yu , Dhondge Attrimuni P. , Lee Gene‐Hsian , Chen Chinpiao 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA class of bipyridyl alcohol ligands has been developed. A catalyst synthesized using a chromium(II)‐ligand promotes the enantioselective Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) allylation of aldehydes and ketones with allylic halides. The allylation of various aromatic, α,β‐unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones produces the desired homoallylic alcohols in satisfactory yields (up to 98%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The present method can be applied widely and affords an efficient means of obtaining chiral homoallylic alcohols.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Sulfenylation of Boronic Acids with Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ting , Yang Fu‐Lai , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn unprecedented sulfenylation reaction of carbon‐boron bonds has been developed using sulfonyl hydrazides as sulfenyl sources. A range of sulfonyl hydrazides underwent tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate [Cu(CH3CN)4BF4]/2,2′‐bipyridine‐catalyzed sulfenylation with boronic acids under air to give structurally diverse thioethers in moderate to good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that sulfonyl hydrazides are subjected to decomposition into thiosulfonates and disulfides followed by formation of carbon‐sulfur bonds with boronic acids.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of a Tertiary Iodocyclopropane with Wide Boronic Acid Substrate Scope: Coupling Reaction Outcome Depends on Radical Species Stability
Authors: Yotsuji Keisuke , Hoshiya Naoyuki , Kobayashi Takaaki , Fukuda Hayato , Abe Hiroshi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Shuto Satoshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe describe a nickel‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura arylation of a tertiary iodocyclopropane with arylboronic acids; this is an efficient and convergent strategy for providing various enantioenriched arylcyclopropanes with a quaternary stereogenic center. This is the first metal‐catalyzed coupling between a tertiary alkyl electrophile and a wide range of aromatics, including heteroaromatics. We found that the outcome of the Ni‐catalyzed coupling with halides as electrophiles was dependent on the stability of the radical species formed during the reaction. The use of tert‐butyl alcohol (t‐BuOH) as the reaction solvent was very effective, because of its stability under the radical‐generating reaction conditions.magnified image
Does the year‐end decline in injury risk reflect reporting error?
Authors: Pierce Brooks 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundRelatively little is known about seasonal patterns in occupational injury risk. Injury risk may vary seasonally due to weather‐related factors or changing work exposure. Employer confusion about recordkeeping rules and injury occurrence near year end may also lead to an undercount of year‐end injuries.MethodsCase records from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries were used to determine seasonality for a variety of injury types.ResultsReported injury rates were higher in summer and lower at year end. Difficult‐to‐identify injuries showed greater year‐end incidence declines.ConclusionsEnd‐of‐year injury declines may have reflected reporting errors for some injury types. The summertime increase in injury risk was broad‐based and presumably reflected real seasonal factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:519–527, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polygenic risk of Parkinson disease is correlated with disease age at onset
Authors: Escott‐Price Valentina ,   for the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, Nalls Mike A. , Morris Huw R. , Lubbe Steven , Brice Alexis , Gasser Thomas , Heutink Peter , Wood Nicholas W. , Hardy John , Singleton Andrew B. , Williams Nigel M. ,   on behalf of the IPDGC consortium members
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveWe have investigated the polygenic architecture of Parkinson disease (PD) and have also explored the potential relationship between an individual's polygenic risk score and their disease age at onset.MethodsThis study used genotypic data from 4,294 cases and 10,340 controls obtained from the meta‐analysis of PD genome‐wide association studies. Polygenic score analysis was performed as previously described by the International Schizophrenia Consortium, testing whether the polygenic score alleles identified in 1 association study were significantly enriched in the cases relative to the controls of 3 independent studies. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between an individual's polygenic score for PD risk alleles and disease age at onset.ResultsOur polygenic score analysis has identified significant evidence for a polygenic component enriched in the cases of each of 3 independent PD genome‐wide association cohorts (minimum p = 3.76 × 10−6). Further analysis identified compelling evidence that the average polygenic score in patients with an early disease age at onset was significantly higher than in those with a late age at onset (p = 0.00014).InterpretationThis provides strong support for a large polygenic contribution to the overall heritable risk of PD and also suggests that early onset forms of the illness are not exclusively caused by highly penetrant Mendelian mutations, but can also be contributed to by an accumulation of common polygenic alleles with relatively low effect sizes. Ann Neurol 2015;77:582–591