bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Numerical Study of Compositional Displacements in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Alhamdan Mohammed R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental and numerical simulation study to investigate the effects of driving forces on non-equilibrium compositional displacements in naturally fractured reservoirs. A quasi 2-D glass bead pack is used to represent a cross section of small sector in a fractured reservoir. The matrix and fracture of the reservoir are represented by glass beads and a grooved glass strip, respectively. Conductive, isolated and inclined fractures are studied. A complex fracture network is also investigated by building two fractures crossing each other. An analogue ternary fluid system (isooctane, brine and isopropanol) is used to control the interfacial tension (IFT) between the phases at ambient conditions. Immiscible, near-miscible and miscible floods are conducted. Recovery of phases, compositional analysis and snapshots of saturation distributions are reported. Numerical simulations are used to interpret experimental observations.
In all fractured models, capillary forces are found to be the main controlling factor in immiscible displacements. However, in miscible displacements, the balance between gravity and viscous forces leads to higher swept area and may be higher recovery in some of the cases. The position of a fracture affects the displacement performance significantly. Compositional analysis of the effluent indicates that the compositional path changes between tie-lines of initial and injection liquids based on saturation profile development. Force-balance scaling criteria (i.e. capillary, gravity and Bond numbers) were used to diagnose flow regimes during displacements. Then experimental results have been interpreted by black oil simulator. Experimental observations of immiscible displacements were sufficiently predicted. However, in order to accurately predict the results of miscible displacements, a fully compositional simulator is recommended.
Validity of Meta-analysis in Diabetes: Meta-analysis Is an Indispensable Tool in Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Golden Sherita Hill , Bass Eric B. 
Published: September 2013

To deliver high-quality clinical care to patients with diabetes and other chronic conditions, clinicians must understand the evidence available from studies that have been performed to address important clinical management questions. In an evidence-based approach to clinical care, the evidence from clinical research should be integrated with clinical expertise, pathophysiological knowledge, and an understanding of patient values. As such, in an effort to provide information from many studies, the publication of diabetes meta-analyses has increased markedly in the recent past, using either observational or clinical trial data. In this regard, guidelines have been developed to direct the performance of meta-analysis to provide consistency among contributions. Thus, when done appropriately, meta-analysis can provide estimates from clinically and statistically homogeneous but underpowered studies and is useful in supporting clinical decisions, guidelines, and cost-effectiveness analysis. However, often these conditions are not met, the data considered are unreliable, and the results should not be assumed to be any more valid than the data underlying the included studies. To provide an understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In the point narrative preceding the counterpoint narrative below, Dr. Home provides his opinion and review of the data to date showing that we need to carefully evaluate meta-analysis, and we need to learn what results are reliable. In the counterpoint narrative here, Drs. Golden and Bass emphasize that an effective system exists to guide meta-analysis and that rigorously conducted, high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses using established guidelines are an indispensable tool in evidence synthesis despite their limitations.
—William T. Cefalu, MD
Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Effect of large colon ischemia and reperfusion on concentrations of calprotectin and other clinicopathologic variables in jugular and colonic venous blood in horses
Authors: Grosche Astrid , Morton Alison J. , Graham A. Sarah , Polyak Maximilian M. R. , Freeman David E. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of large colon ischemia and reperfusion on concentrations of the inflammatory neutrophilic protein calprotectin and other clinicopathologic variables in jugular and colonic venous blood in horses.
Animals—6 healthy horses.
Procedures—Horses were anesthetized, and ischemia was induced for 1 hour followed by 4 hours of reperfusion in a segment of the pelvic flexure of the large colon. Blood samples were obtained before anesthesia, before induction of ischemia, 1 hour after the start of ischemia, and 1, 2, and 4 hours after the start of reperfusion from jugular veins and veins of the segment of the large colon that underwent ischemia and reperfusion. A sandwich ELISA was developed for detection of equine calprotectin. Serum calprotectin concentrations and values of blood gas, hematologic, and biochemical analysis variables were determined.
Results—Large colon ischemia caused metabolic acidosis, a significant increase in lactate and potassium concentrations and creatine kinase activities, and a nonsignificant decrease in glucose concentrations in colonic venous blood samples. Values of these variables after reperfusion were similar to values before ischemia. Ischemia and reperfusion induced activation of an inflammatory response characterized by an increase in neutrophil cell turnover rate in jugular and colonic venous blood samples and calprotectin concentrations in colonic venous blood samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested that large colon ischemia and reperfusion caused local and systemic inflammation in horses. Serum calprotectin concentration may be useful as a marker of this inflammatory response.
Relative metabolite concentrations and ratios determined by use of 3-T region-specific proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain of healthy Beagles
Authors: Warrington Christopher D. , Feeney Daniel A. , Ober Christopher P. , Jessen Carl R. , Steward Susan M. , Armién Aníbal G. , Fletcher Thomas F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine relative concentrations of selected major brain tissue metabolites and their ratios and lobar variations by use of 3-T proton (hydrogen 1 [1H]) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain of healthy dogs.
Animals—10 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—3-T 1H MRS at echo times of 144 and 35 milliseconds was performed on 5 transverse slices and 1 sagittal slice of representative brain lobe regions. Intravoxel parenchyma was classified as white matter, gray matter, or mixed (gray and white) and analyzed for relative concentrations (in arbitrary units) of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, and creatine (ie, height at position of peak on MRS graph) as well as their ratios (NAA-to-choline, NAA-to-creatine, and choline-to-creatine ratios). Peak heights for metabolites were compared between echo times. Peak heights for metabolites and their ratios were correlated and evaluated among matter types. Yield was calculated as interpretable voxels divided by available lobar voxels.
Results—Reference ranges of the metabolite concentration ratios were determined at an echo time of 35 milliseconds (NAA-to-choline ratio, 1.055 to 2.224; NAA-to-creatine ratio, 1.103 to 2.161; choline-to-creatine ratio, 0.759 to 1.332) and 144 milliseconds (NAA-to-choline ratio, 0.687 to 1.788; NAA-to-creatine ratio, 0.984 to 2.044; choline-to-creatine ratio, 0.828 to 1.853). Metabolite concentration ratios were greater in white matter than in gray matter. Voxel yields ranged from 43% for the temporal lobe to 100% for the thalamus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Metabolite concentrations and concentration ratios determined with 3-T 1H MRS were not identical to those in humans and were determined for clinical and research investigations of canine brain disease.
Evaluation of mRNA expression levels and electrophysiological function of neuron-like cells derived from canine bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Nakano Rei , Edamura Kazuya , Sugiya Hiroshi , Narita Takanori , Okabayashi Ken , Moritomo Tadaaki , Teshima Kenji , Asano Kazushi , Nakayama Tomohiro 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the in vitro differentiation of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into functional, mature neurons.
Sample—Bone marrow from 6 adult dogs.
Procedures—BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow and chemically induced to develop into neurons. The morphology of the BMSCs during neuronal induction was monitored, and immunocytochemical analyses for neuron markers were performed after the induction. Real-time PCR methods were used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of markers for neural stem or progenitor cells, neurons, and ion channels, and western blotting was used to assess the expression of neuronal proteins before and after neuronal induction. The electrophysiological properties of the neuron-like cells induced from canine BMSCs were evaluated with fluorescent dye to monitor Ca2+ influx.
Results—Canine BMSCs developed a neuron-like morphology after neuronal induction. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that these neuron-like cells were positive for neuron markers. After induction, the cells’ mRNA expression levels of almost all neuron and ion channel markers increased, and the protein expression levels of nestin and neurofilament-L increased significantly. However, the neuron-like cells derived from canine BMSCs did not have the Ca2+ influx characteristic of spiking neurons.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although canine BMSCs had neuron-like morphological and biochemical properties after induction, they did not develop the electrophysiological characteristics of neurons. Thus, these results have suggested that canine BMSCs could have the capacity to differentiate into a neuronal lineage, but the differentiation protocol used may have been insufficient to induce development into functional neurons.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of silibinin in horses
Authors: Hackett Eileen S. , Mama Khursheed R. , Twedt David C. , Gustafson Daniel L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the oral bioavailability, single and multidose pharmacokinetics, and safety of silibinin, a milk thistle derivative, in healthy horses.
Animals—9 healthy horses.
Procedures—Horses were initially administered silibinin IV and silibinin phospholipid orally in feed and via nasogastric tube. Five horses then consumed increasing orally administered doses of silibinin phospholipid during 4 nonconsecutive weeks (0 mg/kg, 6.5 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg, and 26 mg/kg of body weight, twice daily for 7 days each week).
Results—Bioavailability of orally administered silibinin phospholipid was 0.6% PO in feed and 2.9% via nasogastric tube. During the multidose phase, silibinin had nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Despite this, silibinin did not accumulate when given twice daily for 7 days at the evaluated doses. Dose-limiting toxicosis was not observed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Silibinin phospholipid was safe, although poorly bio-available, in horses. Further study is indicated in horses with hepatic disease.
High-throughput powder X-ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy and ion chromatography analysis of urinary stones: A comparative study
Authors: Yusenko Elena , Yusenko Kirill , Korolkov Ilya , Shubin Alexandr , Kapsargin Fedor , Efremov Alexandr , Yusenko Maria 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The instrumental qualitative analysis of urinary stones is a critical step in clinical practice and urological research. A powder X-ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy and ion chromatography have been applied for the qualitative analysis of 20 urinary stones. Suggestions for a sample preparation and an optimal measurement strategy were formulated. The main difficulties for the powder X-ray diffraction qualitative analysis are a limiting amount of the sample and a preferential orientation of crystals, both issues should be minimized by the special sample preparation. Urinary stones samples have been clustered into four groups using different sets of numerical input data (cation and anion content, phase composition). At the same time a high-throughput multivariate clustering has been applied for powder X-ray diffraction and IR-spectroscopy data. The multivariate whole-profile approach can be used as a tool for a high-throughput time reducing technique for clinical practice, when a quick and stable classification of samples is required. All three sets of the data can be automatically separated into three clusters: oxalate-reach, oxalate-pure and non-oxalate samples. Uricite-pure and uricite-rich samples can be easily clustered.
Magnetic resonance study of annealed and rinsed N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Guskos Niko , Typek Janusz , Guskos Aleksander , Zolnierkiewicz Grzegorz , Berczynski Pawel , Dolat Diana , Grzmil Barbara , Morawski Antoni 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Nanoparticles of nitrogen-modified TiO2 (N-doped TiO2) calcined at 300°C and 350°C, have been prepared with and without water rinsing. Samples were characterized by x-ray diffractrometry (XRD) and optical spectroscopy. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra from centers involving oxygen vacancies were recorded for all samples. These could be attributed to paramagnetic surface centers of the hole type, for example to paramagnetic oxygen radicals O−, O2−etc. The concentration of these centers increased after water rising and it further increased for samples annealed at higher temperature. Additionally, for samples calcined at 300°C, and calcined at 350°C and rinsed, the EPR spectra evidenced the presence of magnetic clusters of Ti3+ ions. The photocatalytic activity of samples was studied towards phenol decomposition under unltraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) irradiation. It was found that, in comparison to the starting materials, the rinsed materials showed increased photocatalytic activity towards phenol oxidation. The light absorption (UV-Vis/DRS) as well as surface Fourier transform infrared/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR/DR) studies confirmed a significantly enhanced light absorption and the presence of nitrogen groups on the photocatalysts surfaces, respectively. A significant increase of concentration of paramagnetic centers connected with oxygen vacancies after water rising has had an essential influence on increasing their photocatalytic activity.
Characterization of Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria under Various Conditions
Authors: Shrivastava Umesh Prasad 
Published: September 2013

Nitrogenase activity was analysed after supplementation of various carbon and nitrogen sources in the growth medium by Acetylene Reduction Assay methods in selected 9 isolates from 74 diazotrophic isolates. Enhancement in nitrogenase activity was recorded many fold by the addition of different organic carbon sources in which maltose and pyruvate showed better result than others. In case of supplementation of nitrogen sources, reduction of nitrogenase activity was observed. Nitrogenase activity increased from 22.7 to 72.7% in various strains when they are tested in anaerobic condition, Amplification of fragment of 390 bp showed that nitrogenase activity due to presence of nifH gene. Sequences were submitted to NCBI GeneBank and the accession number of nifH sequence of ECI-10A (FJ032023), AF-4B (FJ032024), AF-4C (FJ032022) and BN-2A (FJ032021) has been obtained. Phylogenetic analysis based on showed that these 4 isolates belong to the member of γ-proteobacteria, but show appreciable genetic diversity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i3.8607 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(3) 2013 : 110-117
Estudio de la Microestructura y de las propiedades reológicas de geles de concentrado proteico de sabalo (prochilodus platensis ) en relación a la etapa de lavado con soluciones de H3PO4 y NaHCO
Authors: Reinheimer María Agustina , Medina José R. , Beresvil Luciana , Pérez Gustavo A. 
Published: September 2013

El concentrado de proteínas de pescado (CPP) es el músculo del pescado desmenuzado y exento de huesos, piel,carne oscura y de espinas, que es lavado varias veces con agua y escurrido hasta la proporción de agua original.Aquí se estudió el efecto en la composición físico-química, sobre la microestructura y las propiedades reológicas degeles de CPP utilizando diferentes soluciones de agua de lavado en la obtención de CPP de sábalo (Prochilodusplatensis). Al mismo tiempo se evaluó la extracción de proteínas durante el lavado, y el análisis de las propiedadesreológicas de los geles obtenidos. Los geles de CPP de sábalo obtenidos mediante el método de lavado (0.05%H3PO4, 0.2% NaHCO3 y 0.2% NaCl) presentaron un contenido aceptable de proteínas, el menor contenido demateria grasa, y la textura más aceptable, confirmada por la reología y la microestructura, mostrando mejorasrespecto de los obtenidos por el método convencional.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v26i1.1210
Influence of Manual Therapy on Functional Mobility After Joint Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Ruhlen Rachel L. , Snider Eric J. , Sargentini Neil J. , Worthington Bart D. , Singh Vineet K. , Pazdernik Vanessa K. , Johnson Jane C. , Degenhardt Brian F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Context: Animal models can be used to investigate manual therapy mechanisms, but testing manipulation in animal models is problematic because animals cannot directly report their pain.

Objective: To develop a rat model of inflammatory joint injury to test the efficacy of manual therapy in reducing nociception and restoring function.

Methods: The authors induced acute inflammatory joint injury in rats by injecting carrageenan into the ankle and then measured voluntary running wheel activity in treated and untreated rats. Treatments included manual therapy applied to the ankle and knee of the injured limb and several analgesic medications (eg, morphine, ketorolac, prednisone).

Results: Intra-articular injection of carrageenan to the ankle produced significant swelling (diameter of the ankle increased by 64% after injection; P=.004) and a robust reduction in voluntary running wheel activity (running distance reduced by 91% compared with controls; P<.001). Injured rats gradually returned to running levels equal to controls over 10 days. Neither manual therapy nor analgesic medications increased running wheel activity relative to untreated rats.

Conclusion: Voluntary running wheel activity appears to be an appropriate functional measure to evaluate the impact of an acute inflammatory joint injury. However, efforts to treat the injury did not restore running relative to untreated rats.
Evaluation of MAGE‐D4 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients
Authors: Takami Hideki , Kanda Mitsuro , Oya Hisaharu , Hibino Soki , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Suenaga Masaya , Yamada Suguru , Nishikawa Yoko , Asai Mikako , Fujii Tsutomu , Nomoto Shuji , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThough Melanoma‐associated antigen (MAGE) family genes have received lots of attention as cancer‐related genes and targets for immunotherapy, MAGE‐D4 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been evaluated.MethodsMAGE‐D4 mRNA expression was assayed in nine HCC cell lines and 94 HCC surgical specimens obtained from Japanese patients by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the correlations between MAGE‐D4 mRNA expression and clinicopathological factors were evaluated. The expression and distribution of MAGE‐D4b protein were evaluated immunohistochemically.ResultsMAGE‐D4 mRNA was overexpressed in five of nine HCC cell lines and 34 of 94 primary HCCs (36.2%). Median overall survival (14.8 vs. 118 months, P < 0.001) and relapse‐free survival (2.7 vs. 18.3 months, P < 0.001) were significantly shorter in patients with high than with low‐moderate MAGE‐D4 expression. Multivariate analysis for overall survival showed that MAGE‐D4 overexpression was independently prognostic for survival (hazard ratio 2.88, P = 0.009) and significantly associated with high alpha‐fetoprotein concentration (P < 0.001), poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.003) and vascular invasion (P = 0.021). MAGE‐D4b protein expression patterns were consistent with those of MAGE‐D4 mRNA.ConclusionsOverexpression of MAGE‐D4 may be a predictive marker of early recurrence and mortality in patients with HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:557–562. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probabilistic wind power forecasts with an inverse power curve transformation and censored regression
Authors: Messner Jakob W. , Zeileis Achim , Broecker Jochen , Mayr Georg J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTForecasting wind power is an important part of a successful integration of wind power into the power grid. Forecasts with lead times longer than 6 h are generally made by using statistical methods to post‐process forecasts from numerical weather prediction systems. Two major problems that complicate this approach are the non‐linear relationship between wind speed and power production and the limited range of power production between zero and nominal power of the turbine. In practice, these problems are often tackled by using non‐linear non‐parametric regression models. However, such an approach ignores valuable and readily available information: the power curve of the turbine's manufacturer. Much of the non‐linearity can be directly accounted for by transforming the observed power production into wind speed via the inverse power curve so that simpler linear regression models can be used. Furthermore, the fact that the transformed power production has a limited range can be taken care of by employing censored regression models.In this study, we evaluate quantile forecasts from a range of methods: (i) using parametric and non‐parametric models, (ii) with and without the proposed inverse power curve transformation and (iii) with and without censoring. The results show that with our inverse (power‐to‐wind) transformation, simpler linear regression models with censoring perform equally or better than non‐linear models with or without the frequently used wind‐to‐power transformation. © 2013 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.