bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seeding and pH Conditions on the Size and Shape of Au Nanoparticles in Reduction Crystallization
Authors: Akiba Hiroko , Ichiji Masumi , Nagao Hideyuki , Hirasawa Izumi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEfficient and simple methods for gene integration into various plants have been studied by many researchers. The particle gun method using fine metal particles is one of the most potent technologies. However, it is difficult to control the particle size distribution and shape of the metal particles and, thus, to design and create adequate particles of suitable quality for the gene‐supporting media. Here, reduction crystallization of nanometer‐ and submicron‐sized Au was investigated in order to clarify the effects of the seeding and reaction conditions on the sizes and shapes of Au particles. The seed size has an influence on the surface roughness of the Au nanoparticles. Experiments to form Au particles were also performed using pH‐controlled ascorbic acid. The pH has a great influence on the size and shape of nano/submicron Au particles and the mechanism of reduction crystallization.
Highly Fluorescent Flavins: Rational Molecular Design for Quenching Protection Based on Repulsive and Attractive Control of Molecular Alignment
Authors: Suzuki Haruka , Inoue Ryo , Kawamorita Soichiro , Komiya Naruyoshi , Imada Yasushi , Naota Takeshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnprecedented intense fluorescent emission was observed for a variety of flavin compounds bearing a perpendicular cyclic imide moiety at the C7 position of an isoalloxazine platform. A series of alloxan‐substituted flavins was prepared selectively by reduction of the corresponding N‐aryl‐2‐nitro‐5‐alkoxyanilines with zinc dust and subsequent reaction with alloxan monohydrate in the presence of boric acid. Analogues bearing oxazolidine‐2,4‐dione functionality were obtained on methylation of the alloxan‐substituted flavins with methyl iodide and subsequent rearrangement in the presence of an inorganic base. The flavin compounds exhibit intense white‐green fluorescent emission in the solution state under UV excitation at 298 K, with emission efficiencies Φ298 K greater than 0.55 in CH3CN, which are higher than the values for all reported flavin compounds under similar conditions. The highest Φ298 K value of 0.70 was obtained in CH3CN for isoalloxazine bearing C7‐alloxan and N10‐2,6‐diisopropylphenyl groups. The temperature dependence of the emission intensities indicates that the pronounced emission properties at 298 K are attributable to the highly heat resistant properties towards emission decay with increasing temperature. Mechanistic studies, including X‐ray diffraction analysis, revealed that the good emission properties and high heat resistance of the alloxan‐substituted flavins are due to a synergetic effect of the associative nature of the C7‐alloxan unit and the repulsive nature of the perpendicular bulky substituents at the C7 and N10 positions.
Coordination Polymer Flexibility Leads to Polymorphism and Enables a Crystalline Solid–Vapour Reaction: A Multi‐technique Mechanistic Study
Authors: Vitórica‐Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Libri Stefano , Loader Jason R. , Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo , Hippler Michael , Fletcher Ashleigh J. , Thompson Stephen P. , Warren John E. , Musumeci Daniele , Ward Michael D. , Brammer Lee 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite an absence of conventional porosity, the 1D coordination polymer [Ag4(O2C(CF2)2CF3)4(TMP)3] (1; TMP=tetramethylpyrazine) can absorb small alcohols from the vapour phase, which insert into AgO bonds to yield coordination polymers [Ag4(O2C(CF2)2CF3)4(TMP)3(ROH)2] (1‐ROH; R=Me, Et, iPr). The reactions are reversible single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformations. Vapour‐solid equilibria have been examined by gas‐phase IR spectroscopy (K=5.68(9)×10−5 (MeOH), 9.5(3)×10−6 (EtOH), 6.14(5)×10−5 (iPrOH) at 295 K, 1 bar). Thermal analyses (TGA, DSC) have enabled quantitative comparison of two‐step reactions 1‐ROH→1→2, in which 2 is the 2D coordination polymer [Ag4(O2C(CF2)2CF3)4(TMP)2] formed by loss of TMP ligands exclusively from singly‐bridging sites. Four polymorphic forms of 1 (1‐ALT, 1‐AHT, 1‐BLT and 1‐BHT; HT=high temperature, LT=low temperature) have been identified crystallographically. In situ powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) studies of the 1‐ROH→1→2 transformations indicate the role of the HT polymorphs in these reactions. The structural relationship between polymorphs, involving changes in conformation of perfluoroalkyl chains and a change in orientation of entire polymers (A versus B forms), suggests a mechanism for the observed reactions and a pathway for guest transport within the fluorous layers. Consistent with this pathway, optical microscopy and AFM studies on single crystals of 1‐MeOH/1‐AHT show that cracks parallel to the layers of interdigitated perfluoroalkyl chains develop during the MeOH release/uptake process.
Single‐Walled TiO2 Nanotubes: Enhanced Carrier‐Transport Properties by TiCl4 Treatment
Authors: Hwang Imgon , So Seulgi , Mokhtar Mohamed , Alshehri Abdelmohsen , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Mazare Anca , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the present work we report significant enhancement of the photoelectrochemical properties of self‐ organized TiO2 nanotubes by a combined “de‐coring” of classic nanotubes followed by an appropiate TiCl4 treatment. We show that, except for the expected particle decoration, a key effect of the TiCl4 treatment is that the electron transport characteristics in TiO2 nanotubes can be drastically improved, for example, we observe an enhancement of up to 70 % in electron‐transport times.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation of Aromatic and Vinylic Carboxylic Acids with Allenes: An Efficient Method Towards Vinyl‐Substituted Phthalides and 2‐Furanones
Authors: Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted phthalides from aryl carboxylic acids and allenes using a rhodium(III) catalyst has been demonstrated. The reaction features broad functional group tolerance and provides a simple and straightforward route to the synthesis of various 3‐vinyl‐substituted phthalides. Furthermore, the catalytic reaction can also be applied to the synthesis of biologically active 5‐vinyl‐substituted 2‐furanones from α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and allenes. The reactions proceed through a carboxylate‐assisted ortho‐CH activation and [4+1] annulation. The preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a CH cleavage is the rate‐determining step.
The influence of brand personality and relative brand identification on brand loyalty in the European mobile phone market
Authors: Chung Sunghun , Park Jooyoung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of brand personality on consumer loyalty and the moderating role of relative brand identification for multiple brands in the same product category. Survey data were collected from 1,651 respondents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Results indicate that dimensions of brand personality that are positively associated with consumer brand loyalty vary across brands in the mobile phone category. Furthermore, relative brand identification not only positively affects consumer loyalty, it also moderates the relationship between brand personality and consumer loyalty. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and clinical factors associated with obesity among adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Wilson Carmen L. , Liu Wei , Yang Jun J. , Kang Guolian , Ojha Rohit P. , Neale Geoffrey A. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Gurney James G. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to identify treatment and genetic factors associated with obesity among childhood cancer survivors.METHODSParticipants included 1996 survivors who previously received treatment for cancer at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and who survived ≥10 years from diagnosis (median age at diagnosis, 7.2 years; median age at follow‐up, 32.4 years). Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. The factors associated with adult obesity were identified by subgroup‐specific (cranial radiation [CRT] exposure status) multivariable logistic regression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity were identified by subgroup‐specific, exploratory, genome‐wide association analyses using a 2‐stage resampling approach with a type I error rate of 5 × 10−6.RESULTSForty‐seven percent of survivors who received CRT and 29.4% of those who did not receive CRT were obese at evaluation. In multivariable analyses, abdominal/pelvic radiation exposure was associated with decreased prevalence of obesity among survivors regardless of CRT status (P < .0001). The odds of obesity were increased among survivors who received CRT who had also received glucocorticoids (P = .014) or who were younger at diagnosis (P = .013). Among the survivors who had received CRT, 166 SNPs were associated with obesity. The strongest association was observed with reference SNP rs35669975 (P = 3.3 × 10−8) on segment 33.3 of the long arm of chromosome 13 (13q33.3), approximately 30 kb downstream of FAM155A (family with sequence similarity 155, member A). SNPs within the glycine receptor α3 (GLRA3) gene and near the sex‐determining region Y box 11 (SOX11) and cadherin 18 type 2 (CDH18) genes also were identified. These genes have been implicated in neural growth, repair, and connectivity.CONCLUSIONSObesity in childhood cancer survivors remains associated with previous exposure to CRT and glucocorticoids. Genetic variants related to neural connectivity may modify the risk of obesity among survivors who receive CRT. Validation of these findings in independent cohorts is required. Cancer 2015;121:2262–2270. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
S‐phase duration is the main target of cell cycle regulation in neural progenitors of developing ferret neocortex
Authors: Turrero García Miguel , Chang YoonJeung , Arai Yoko , Huttner Wieland B. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe evolutionary expansion of the neocortex primarily reflects increases in abundance and proliferative capacity of cortical progenitors and in the length of the neurogenic period during development. Cell cycle parameters of neocortical progenitors are an important determinant of cortical development. The ferret (Mustela putorius furo), a gyrencephalic mammal, has gained increasing importance as a model for studying corticogenesis. Here, we have studied the abundance, proliferation, and cell cycle parameters of different neural progenitor types, defined by their differential expression of the transcription factors Pax6 and Tbr2, in the various germinal zones of developing ferret neocortex. We focused our analyses on postnatal day 1, a late stage of cortical neurogenesis when upper‐layer neurons are produced. Based on cumulative 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling as well as Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunofluorescence, we determined the duration of the various cell cycle phases of the different neocortical progenitor subpopulations. Ferret neocortical progenitors were found to exhibit longer cell cycles than those of rodents and little variation in the duration of G1 among distinct progenitor types, also in contrast to rodents. Remarkably, the main difference in cell cycle parameters among the various progenitor types was the duration of S‐phase, which became shorter as progenitors progressively changed transcription factor expression from patterns characteristic of self‐renewal to those of neuron production. Hence, S‐phase duration emerges as major target of cell cycle regulation in cortical progenitors of this gyrencephalic mammal. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:456–470, 2016. © 2015 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformational Structures of a Decapeptide Validated by First Principles Calculations and Cold Ion Spectroscopy
Authors: Roy Tapta Kanchan , Kopysov Vladimir , Nagornova Natalia S. , Rizzo Thomas R. , Boyarkin Oleg V. , Gerber R. Benny 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCalculated structures of the two most stable conformers of a protonated decapeptide gramicidin S in the gas phase have been validated by comparing the vibrational spectra, calculated from first‐ principles and measured in a wide spectral range using infrared (IR)–UV double resonance cold ion spectroscopy. All the 522 vibrational modes of each conformer were calculated quantum mechanically and compared with the experiment without any recourse to an empirical scaling. The study demonstrates that first‐principles calculations, when accounting for vibrational anharmonicity, can reproduce high‐resolution experimental spectra well enough for validating structures of molecules as large as of 200 atoms. The validated accurate structures of the peptide may serve as templates for in silico drug design and absolute calibration of ion mobility measurements.
Poly(benzoxazine)s Modified with Osmium Complexes as a Class of Redox Polymers for Wiring of Enzymes to Electrode Surfaces
Authors: Alsaoub Sabine , Barwe Stefan , Andronescu Corina , Pöller Sascha , Ruff Adrian , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBenzoxazine‐based redox polymers bearing Os complexes are synthesized and used as an immobilization matrix for glucose oxidase (GOx) as a model system for a reagentless biosensor. The polymers are formed by electrochemically induced anodic polymerization of the corresponding benzoxazine monomers modified with Os complexes. The precursors are synthesized in a Mannich‐type reaction between bisphenol A, formaldehyde, and the corresponding Os complexes or ligands, which contain free amino groups. The Os complexes are redox active within the polymer films, and thus, can be used as redox relays for the electron transfer between the electrode surface and the prosthetic group within the enzyme. Entrapment of GOx within the poly(benzoxazine) film is achieved successfully, as shown by the biocatalytic activity of the poly(benzoxazine)/GOx films upon the addition of glucose.
A 3D ex vivo mandible slice system for longitudinal culturing of transplanted dental pulp progenitor cells
Authors: Colombo John S. , Howard‐Jones Rachel A. , Young Fraser I. , Waddington Rachel J. , Errington Rachel J. , Sloan Alastair J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHarnessing mesenchymal stem cells for tissue repair underpins regenerative medicine. However, how the 3D tissue matrix maintains such cells in a quiescent state whilst at the same time primed to respond to tissue damage remains relatively unknown. Developing more physiologically relevant 3D models would allow us to better understand the matrix drivers and influence on cell‐lineage differentiation in situ. In this study, we have developed an ex vivo organotypic rat mandible slice model; a technically defined platform for the culture and characterization of dental pulp progenitor cells expressing GFP driven by the β‐actin promoter (cGFP DPPCs). Using confocal microscopy we have characterized how the native environment influences the progenitor cells transplanted into the dental pulp. Injected cGFP‐DPPCs were highly viable and furthermore differentially proliferated in unique regions of the mandible slice; in the dentine region, cGFP‐DPPCs showed a columnar morphology indicative of expansion and lineage differentiation. Hence, we demonstrated the systematic capacity for establishing a dental pulp cell‐micro‐community, phenotypically modified in the tooth (the “biology”); and at the same time addressed technical challenges enabling the mandible slice to be accessible on platforms for high‐content imaging (the biology in a “multiplex” format). © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gastroprotective Properties of Cashew Gum, a Complex Heteropolysaccharide of Anacardium occidentale, in Naproxen‐Induced Gastrointestinal Damage in Rats
Authors: Carvalho Nathalia S. , Silva Mônica M. , Silva Renan O. , Nicolau Lucas A. D. , Sousa Francisca Beatriz M. , Damasceno Samara R. B. , Silva Durcilene A. , Barbosa André L. R. , Leite José Roberto S. A. , Medeiros Jand Venes R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Long‐term use nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) lesion formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective activity of cashew gum (CG), a complex heteropolysaccharide extracted from Anacardium occidentale on naproxen (NAP)‐induced GI damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with vehicle or CG (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily for 2 days; after 1 h, NAP (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were euthanized on the 2nd day of treatment, 4 h after NAP administration. Stomach lesions were measured using digital calipers. The medial small intestine was used for the evaluation of macroscopic lesion scores. Samples of the stomach and the intestine were used for histological evaluation, and assays for glutathione (GSH), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Additional rats were used to measure gastric mucus and secretion. Pretreatment with CG reduced the macroscopic and microscopic damage induced by NAP. CG significantly attenuated NAP‐induced alterations in MPO, GSH, and MDA levels. Furthermore, CG returned adherent mucus levels to normal values. These results suggest that CG has a protective effect against GI damage via mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammation and increasing the amount of adherent mucus in mucosa. Drug Dev Res 73 : 143–151, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of pioglitazone on plasma ceramides in adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Warshauer Jeremy T. , Lopez Ximena , Gordillo Ruth , Hicks Jessica , Holland William L. , Anuwe Estelle , Blankfard Martin B. , Scherer Philipp E. , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) appears closely linked with ceramide accumulation, inducing insulin resistance and toxicity to multiple cell types. Animal studies demonstrate that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) reduce ceramide concentrations in plasma and skeletal muscle and support lowering of ceramide levels as a potential mediator of TZDs' mechanism of action in reducing insulin resistance; however, studies in humans have yet to be reported. This study investigated the effects of pioglitazone therapy on plasma ceramides to understand the mechanism by which TZDs improve insulin resistance in MetS.MethodsThirty‐seven subjects with MetS were studied in a single‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial comparing pioglitazone to placebo. Data were collected at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in plasma ceramide concentrations.ResultsTreatment with pioglitazone for 6 months, compared with placebo, significantly reduced multiple plasma ceramide concentrations: C18:0 (p = 0.001), C20:0 (p = 0.0004), C24 : 1 (p = 0.009), dihydroceramide C18 :0 (p = 0.005), dihydroceramide C24:1 (p = 0.004), lactosylceramide C16:0 (p = 0.02) and the hexosylceramides C16:0 (p = 0.0003), C18 : 0 (p = 0.00001), C22:0 (p = 0.00002) and C24:1 (p = 0.0006). Additionally, significant reductions were found when ceramides were grouped by species: ceramides (p = 0.03), dihydroceramides (p = 0.02), hexosylceramides (p = 0.00001) and lactosylceramides (p = 0.02). The total of all measured ceramides was also significantly reduced (p = 0.001). Following treatment with pioglitazone, the decrease in some ceramide species correlated negatively with the change in insulin sensitivity (dihydroceramide C16:0, r = −0.54; p = 0.02) and positively with total (lactosylceramide C24:0, r = 0.53; p = 0.02) and high molecular weight (lactosylceramide C24:0, r = 0.48; p = 0.05) adiponectin measurements; however, significant associations with changes in liver fat and glycemic control reduction were not found.ConclusionsPioglitazone in individuals with MetS induces a potent decrease in plasma ceramides, and some of the changes correlate with changes in insulin resistance and adiponectin levels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bariatric surgery: beta cells in type 2 diabetes remission
Authors: Su Yinjie , Zhao Yanling , Zhang Chaojun 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBariatric surgery is a new emerging treatment that demonstrates a favourable effect on type 2 diabetes, although its underlying mechanisms still remain unknown. After receiving bariatric surgery, beta cells undergo the process of rebirth, which involves apoptosis evasion, regeneration and improved beta‐cell function. Therefore, further studies are necessary to elucidate how bariatric surgery can resolve type 2 diabetes. Here, our review focuses mainly on beta cells, the insulin‐generating cells, whose biological features change dramatically after bariatric surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probiotics as beneficial agents in the management of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Razmpoosh Elham , Javadi Maryam , Ejtahed Hanieh‐Sadat , Mirmiran Parvin 
Published: May 2015

SummaryProbiotics have been suggested to play an important role in the management of diabetes. We conducted a systematic review on the role of probiotics in modulating parameters related to diabetes in animal and human experiments. We searched Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane central until June 2014, concerning the effects of probiotics on hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and their anti‐diabetic efficacies by modulating the activities of proinflammatory and antioxidant factors. Our initial search retrieved 1120 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 72 full‐text articles were reviewed for eligibility. Ultimately, 33 articles met our inclusion criteria consisting of five human and twenty eight animal reports. Lactobacillus strains were, in particular, used in all studies with or without other strains. We found that probiotics have beneficial effects on glycemic controls, as all human studies showed significant reductions in at least one of the primary outcome endpoints which were the levels of fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulin, insulin resistance and onset of diabetes; similarly, all the animal reports, except for two, documented significant changes in these parameters. Regarding secondary outcome measures, that is, lipid profiles, pro‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant factors, only one human and one animal study failed to show any significant changes in any of these parameters. This systematic review generally demonstrated beneficial effects of the probiotic administration, especially Lactobacillus sub‐strains, on the management of diabetes‐related blood parameters, although, more evidence, especially from human trials, is needed to confirm these effects and also to conduct a meta‐analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.