bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history and outcome of nonketotic hyperglycinemia in China
Authors: Zhou Zhizi , Cai Yanna , Li Xiuzhen , Liu Zongcai , Peng Minzhi , Lin Yunting , Mao Xiaojian , Zeng Chunhua , Liu Li , Zhang Wen 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a rare, life-threatening genetic disorder. The patients usually show heterogeneous and nonspecific symptoms, resulting in diagnosis challenges using conventional approaches. Here, the clinical presentation and genetic features of 20 Chinese patients were examined and reported in order to clarify the natural history and prognosis of NKH in China.MethodsThe Human Gene Mutation Database and literature regarding NKH in China were reviewed. Age of onset, clinical characteristics, genetic analysis, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) examinations, and outcome of the patients were analyzed. Natural history experiences and follow-up assays for five patients who were followed in our center were described.ResultsAmong all 20 NKH patients, 17 (85%) had the neonatal type and 3 (15%) had the infantile type, no late-onset cases were detected. Patients showed up for admission with a history of seizures (15/20), lethargy (14/20), hypotonia (11/20), apnea (9/20), and feeble sobbing (4/20). Brain MRI findings included abnormal signals in the internal capsule, cerebellum, or brainstem (6/14), dysplasia of the corpus callosum (5/14), and white matter abnormalities (3/14). EEG evaluations showed anomalies such as burst suppression (4/8) and hypsarrhythmia and/or epileptic activity (6/8). Median values of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycine levels, plasma glycine levels and CSF/plasma glycine ratios were135.2 (range, 6.3–546.3) μmol/L, 998.2 (range,75–3,084) μmol/L, 0.16 (range, 0.03–0.60) respectively. Genetic analyses revealed four new variations and GLDC, AMT gene abnormalities in 13 (65%), 7 (35%) case, respectively. Prognosis information was available for 18 cases: nine patients died, eight in the neonatal period. Among the nine survivors, varying developmental disorders were observed.DiscussionDifferent disease processes and outcomes were found in Chinese NKH patients, according to this study. The initial clinical presentations, CSF glycine levels and CSF to plasma glycine ratios do not reliably predict prognosis, while MRI and EEG abnormalities may indicate a poor outlook. NKH diagnosis should be considered for neonates presenting specific symptoms. The present survey provides clinical data that support the development of a standardized protocol for diagnosing and treating NKH in China.
Protective role of serum albumin in dementia: a prospective study from United Kingdom biobank
Authors: Cui Yiyuan , Li Chunyu , Ke Bin , Xiao Yi , Wang Shichan , Jiang Qirui , Zheng Xiaoting , Lin Junyu , Huang Jingxuan , Shang Huifang 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundA number of studies have explored the link between neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and albumin, the main protein in human plasma. However, the results have been inconsistent, highlighting the necessity for a detailed systemic analysis.MethodsUtilizing data from the United Kingdom Biobank, we investigated the relationship between baseline levels of serum and urine albumin and the occurrence of common NDDs, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and dementia, employing Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.ResultsOur results reveal that elevated baseline serum albumin levels are linked to a decreased risk of developing dementia (beta = −0.024, SE = 0.004, p &lt; 0.001). Subgroup and interaction analyses highlighted the impact of factors like body mass index (BMI), age, and alcohol consumption on this relationship. Specifically, participants with higher BMI, younger age, or lower alcohol intake exhibited a stronger protective effect. On the other hand, a higher baseline level of urine microalbumin was connected to a slight increase in dementia risk (beta = 0.003, SE = 3.30E-04, p &lt; 0.001). No significant associations were found between albumin levels and the risk of PD or ALS.ConclusionOur study underscores the potential role of serum albumin as a biomarker associated with reduced dementia risk. These findings contribute valuable insights into the understanding of albumin’s impact on NDDs, suggesting its utility as a biomarker for dementia in clinical settings and informing future therapeutic strategies in clinical trials.
Cortical response characteristics of passive, active, and resistance movements: a multi-channel fNRIS study
Authors: Li Wenxi , Zhu Guangyue , Jiang Yichen , Miao Cheng , Zhang Guohui , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the impact of exercise training modes on sensory and motor-related cortex excitability using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology (fNIRS) and reveal specific cortical effects.Materials and methodsTwenty participants with no known health conditions took part in a study involving passive, active, and resistance tasks facilitated by an upper-limb robot, using a block design. The participants wore functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) devices throughout the experiment to monitor changes in cortical blood oxygen levels during the tasks. The fNIRS optode coverage primarily targeted key areas of the brain cortex, including the primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and premotor cortex (PMC) on both hemispheres. The study evaluated cortical activation areas, intensity, and lateralization values.ResultsPassive movement primarily activates M1 and part of S1, while active movement mainly activates contralateral M1 and S1. Resistance training activates brain regions in both hemispheres, including contralateral M1, S1, SMA, and PMC, as well as ipsilateral M1, S1, SMA, and PMC. Resistance movement also activates the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex (S1, SMA, PMC) more than active or passive movement. Active movement has higher contralateral activation in M1 compared to passive movement. Resistance and active movements increase brain activity more than passive movement. Different movements activate various cortical areas equally on both sides, but lateralization differs. The correlation between lateralization of brain regions is significant in the right cortex but not in the left cortex during three movement patterns.ConclusionAll types of exercise boost motor cortex excitability, but resistance exercise activates both sides of the motor cortex more extensively. The PMC is crucial for intense workouts. The right cortex shows better coordination during motor tasks than the left. fNIRS findings can help determine the length of treatment sessions.
Heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 and inulin protect against high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Sun Siyuan , Zhang Qi , Li Dongdong , Li Hongliang , Ma Hairan , Wu Xiuying , Li Yixuan , Wang Pengjie , Liu Rong , Feng Haihong , Zhang Yongxiang , Sang Yue , Fang Bing , Wang Ran 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionObesity, a pervasive global epidemic, has heightened susceptibility to chronic ailments and diminished the overall life expectancy on a global scale. Probiotics and inulin (IN) have been documented to mitigate obesity by exerting an influence on the composition of the gut microbiota. Whether heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 (MN68) and IN have an anti-obesity effect remains to be investigated.MethodsIn this study, Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and orally administered heat-killed MN68 (2 × 1011 CFU/kg) and/or inulin (0.25 kg/kg) for 12 weeks. Histological analysis, serology analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed.ResultsHeat-killed MN68 + IN treatment showed an enhanced effect on preventing weight gain, diminishing fat accumulation, and regulating lipid metabolism, compared to either heat-killed MN68 treatment or inulin treatment. Gut microbiota results showed that heat-killed MN68 + IN treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Oscillospira, Intestinimonas, Christensenella, and Candidatus_Stoquefichus, and reduced the relative abundance of Enterococcus. Furthermore, heat-killed MN68 + IN significantly increased the SCFA levels, which were correlated with changes in the gut microbiota.DiscussionThis research provides support for the application of heat-killed MN68 and IN in the treatment of obesity, and highlights the combination of heat-killed BBMN68 and IN as functional food ingredients.
Association between changes in lean mass, muscle strength, endurance, and power following resistance or concurrent training with differing high protein diets in resistance-trained young males
Authors: Bagheri Reza , Karimi Zohreh , Camera Donny M. , Scott David , Bashirzad Mahdi Ziaee , Sadeghi Ramin , Kargarfard Mehdi , Dutheil Fred 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundWe assessed the relationship of changes in upper and lower body lean mass with muscle strength, endurance and power responses following two high protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g.kg-1.d−1) during 16 weeks of either concurrent training (CT) or resistance training (RT) in resistance-trained young males.MethodsForty-eight resistance-trained young males (age: 26 ± 6 yr., body mass index: 25.6 ± 2.9 kg.m−2) performed 16 weeks (four sessions·wk.−1) of CT or RT with either 1.6 g.kg-1.d−1 protein (CT + 1.6; n = 12; RT + 1.6; n = 12) or 3.2 g.kg-1.d−1 protein (CT + 3.2; n = 12; RT + 3.2; n = 12). Relationships between upper (left arm + right arm + trunk lean mass) and lower body (left leg + right leg lean mass) lean mass changes with changes in muscle performance were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients.ResultsFor upper body, non-significant weak positive relationships were observed between change in upper body lean mass and change in pull-up (r = 0.183, p = 0.234), absolute chest press strength (r = 0.159, p = 0.302), chest press endurance (r = 0.041, p = 0.792), and relative chest press strength (r = 0.097, p = 0.529) while non-significant weak negative relationships were observed for changes in absolute upper body power (r = −0.236, p = 0.123) and relative upper body power (r = −0.203, p = 0.185). For lower body, non-significant weak positive relationships were observed between the change in lower body lean mass with change in vertical jump (r = 0.145, p = 0.346), absolute lower body power (r = 0.109, p = 0.480), absolute leg press strength (r = 0.073, p = 0.638), leg press endurance (r &lt; 0.001, p = 0.998), relative leg press strength (r = 0.089, p = 0.564), and relative lower body power (r = 0.150, p = 0.332).ConclusionChanges in muscle strength, endurance and power adaptation responses following 16 weeks of either CT or RT with different high protein intakes were not associated with changes in lean mass in resistance-trained young males. These findings indicate that muscle hypertrophy has a small, or negligible, contributory role in promoting functional adaptations with RT or CT, at least over a 16-week period.
Associations of sugar-related food parenting practices and parental feeding styles with prospective dietary behavior of children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature from 2017 to 2023
Authors: Hübner Hannah Leonike , Bartelmeß Tina 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHigh consumption of sugar-rich foods and beverages has been associated with increased overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Dietary behavior is influenced by learned mechanisms that originate in childhood and is associated with food parenting practices (FPP) and parental feeding styles (PFS). This systematic review aimed to narratively synthesize FPP and PFS concerning sugar-rich foods and beverages and their associations with the prospective dietary behavior of children and adolescents to derive evidence-based recommendations for health professionals and parents to promote healthy behaviors.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases covering the publication years 2017–2023. The results were narratively synthesized, and exposure-outcome matrices were used for visual representation. The review included 15 peer-reviewed studies from different geographical regions that investigated FPP or PFS regarding the handling of sugar-rich foods and beverages in children’s diets and reported the associations with the prospective dietary behavior of children and adolescents.ResultsThe findings indicate that highly controlling parental practices were associated with the development of unhealthy eating behaviors and preferences for sugar-rich foods and beverages over time. Conversely, parental practices that emphasized structure and balance in dietary choices yielded more positive long-term outcomes, associated with reduced preferences for sugar-rich foods and drinks.DiscussionThe results underscore the significance of fostering a healthy home environment and active parental role modeling in promoting healthier dietary behaviors among children and adolescents.
Do male and female heads of households have different beliefs about gender equity among young people in Nigeria?
Authors: Nwankpa Ozioma Patricia , Ekwueme Chinazom N. , Akamike Ifeyinwa , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionGender-transformative approaches (GTAs) have been successfully carried out to address harmful gender norms and power imbalances to promote more gender equitability. However, to improve the health and wellbeing of young people, it is necessary to involve household heads by positively transforming their beliefs on gender equity and norms.MethodsThis study was cross-sectional quantitative research undertaken in six local government areas in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study population consisted of household heads in households with young people aged 15–24 years. Data were collected for 15 days using paper and electronic copies of the questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata.ResultsThe results showed that 46.32% of male and 62.81% of female heads of households disagreed with the statement “a good woman never questions her husband’s opinions, even if she is not sure she agrees with them.” Female heads of households aged 50 years and below with an odds ratio of 0.47 (p-value = 0.02) suggest they were 0.47 times more likely to have a positive attitude toward the rights and privileges of young girls. Male heads of households aged 50 years and below with an odds ratio of 1.05 (p-value = 0.84) suggest that they were 1.05 times more likely to have a positive attitude toward the rights and privileges of young girls.ConclusionThis paper provides new knowledge on the gender norm attitude of male and female heads of households on the rights, privileges, and equity promotion of young boys and young girls, as well as its associated factors.
Give it a rest: a systematic review with Bayesian meta-analysis on the effect of inter-set rest interval duration on muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Singer Alec , Wolf Milo , Generoso Leonardo , Arias Elizabeth , Delcastillo Kenneth , Echevarria Edwin , Martinez Amaris , Androulakis Korakakis Patroklos , Refalo Martin C. , Swinton Paul A. , Schoenfeld Brad J. 
Published: August 2024

We systematically searched the literature for studies with a randomized design that compared different inter-set rest interval durations for estimates of pre-/post-study changes in lean/muscle mass in healthy adults while controlling all other training variables. Bayesian meta-analyses on non-controlled effect sizes using hierarchical models of all 19 measurements (thigh: 10; arm: 6; whole body: 3) from 9 studies meeting inclusion criteria analyses showed substantial overlap of standardized mean differences across the different inter-set rest periods [binary: short: 0.48 (95%CrI: 0.19–0.81), longer: 0.56 (95%CrI: 0.24–0.86); Four categories: short: 0.47 (95%CrI: 0.19–0.80), intermediate: 0.65 (95%CrI: 0.18–1.1), long: 0.55 (95%CrI: 0.15–0.90), very long: 0.50 (95%CrI: 0.14–0.89)], with substantial heterogeneity in results. Univariate and multivariate pairwise meta-analyses of controlled binary (short vs. longer) effect sizes showed similar results for the arm and thigh with central estimates tending to favor longer rest periods [arm: 0.13 (95%CrI: −0.27 to 0.51); thigh: 0.17 (95%CrI: −0.13 to 0.43)]. In contrast, central estimates closer to zero but marginally favoring shorter rest periods were estimated for the whole body [whole body: −0.08 (95%CrI: −0.45 to 0.29)]. Subanalysis of set end-point data indicated that training to failure or stopping short of failure did not meaningfully influence the interaction between rest interval duration and muscle hypertrophy. In conclusion, results suggest a small hypertrophic benefit to employing inter-set rest interval durations &gt;60 s, perhaps mediated by reductions in volume load. However, our analysis did not detect appreciable differences in hypertrophy when resting &gt;90 s between sets, consistent with evidence that detrimental effects on volume load tend to plateau beyond this time-frame.
Systematic Review Registration: OSF, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YWEVC.
Mammary gland, skin and soft tissue tumors in pet cats: findings of the feline tumors collected from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Giugliano Roberta , Dell'Anno Filippo , De Paolis Livia , Crescio Maria Ines , Ciccotelli Valentina , Vivaldi Barbara , Razzuoli Elisabetta 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionCancer is a leading cause of death in cats, and the rate of such disease has been increasing recently. Nonetheless, feline oncology represents an important area of study not only for the health and wellbeing of cats but also for human health since various types of cancer in cats share similarities to those found in humans. Therefore, epidemiological studies on feline oncology may suggest environmental and genetic factors contributing to cancer in cats, which can eventually be translated to improve human cancer care.MethodTo provide an initial understanding of the epidemiology of feline neoplasms, a descriptive study was undertaken using a dataset documenting cases of feline cancer gathered from the Liguria region (northwest Italy) spanning from 2002 to 2022. The database includes tumor location, morphological codes of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition (ICD-O-3), feline's breed, sex, neuter status, date of birth, date of diagnosis, national territorial unit code of the town of the owner's residence, and an alphanumeric string uniquely identifying the owner's surname.Results and discussionThe dataset involves a population of 4,399 cats, including 3,195 females (1,425 neutered) and 1,204 males (750 neutered). Our results indicate that mammary gland tumors are the most represented tumors in the female population, while soft tissue and skin cancers appear to have a higher abundance in the male population during the periods investigated (2002–2022). Moreover, Poisson regression analysis showed that not neutered female cats have a significantly increased risk of developing mammary gland tumors compared to the neutered female population [proportional morbidity ratio (PMR) neutered vs. not neutered = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47–0.72]; meanwhile, for both sexes, for soft tissue and skin tumors, being neutered appears to be a risk factor (PMR neutered vs. not neutered = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.86–2.73; PMR neutered vs. not neutered = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89–1.51). Finally, the evaluation of the Ligurian municipalities pollution, based on wild boars data (i.e., biomonitors), which coexisted with cats, was correlated to cancer development for all the tumors investigated (in polluted areas, estimated PMRs ranged from 42.61 to 80.13, 95% CI: 29.94–105.11). Overall, the data presented here suggest the use of the feline population as a possible animal model for human health, i.e., sentinel.
The Impact of Early Brain-Dead Donor Detection in the Emergency Department on the Organ Donation Process in Iran
Authors: Hasanzade Arman , Nejatollahi Seyed Mohammad Reza , Mokhber Dezfouli Mojtaba , Hazrati Mahdieh , Sheikholeslami Soheil , Imani Masoud , Mohseni Bardia , Ghorbani Fariba 
Published: August 2024

We aimed to assess the impact of hospital characteristics on the outcomes of detected possible brain-dead donors, in our organ procurement network in Iran. Data was collected through twice-daily calls with 57 hospitals’ intensive care units and emergency departments over 1 year. The donation team got involved when there was suspicion of brain death before the hospital officially declared it. The data was categorized by hospital size, presence of neurosurgery/trauma departments, ownership, and referral site. Out of 813 possible donors, 315 were declared brain dead, and 203 were eligible for donation. After conducting family interviews (consent rate: 62.2%), 102 eligible donors became actual donors (conversion rate: 50.2%). While hospital ownership and the presence of trauma/neurosurgery care did not affect donation, early referral from the emergency department had a positive effect. Therefore, we strongly recommend prioritizing possible donor identification in emergency rooms and involving the organ donation team as early as possible. The use of twice-daily calls for donor identification likely contributed to the consistency in donation rates across hospitals, as this approach involves the donation team earlier and mitigates the impact of hospital characteristics. Early detection of possible donors from the emergency department is crucial in improving donation rates.
Measurement Method of Whole Mechanical Automatic Vertical Drilling Tools
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Ma Chaoqun , Zhang Kai , Liu Baolin 
Published: August 2024

The inaccurate positioning of a plat valve is a crucial factor affecting the efficiency and safety of drilling operations. Because of the complicated structure of vertical drilling, it is difficult to obtain the actual position of a plat valve during the working process. This work effectively addresses the challenge of accurately measuring the deflection angle of a plat valve in mechanical automatic vertical drilling. Initially, a comprehensive mathematical model was proposed for determining the angle range of the plat valve, which was founded on the thrust generated by vertical drilling. Furthermore, this work proposed a precise measurement methodology for acquiring the crucial parameters of the MVDT. The actual deviation angle range for the N-MVDT and O-MVDT vertical drilling was calculated using data obtained from measurements of the tools. At the same time, the influence of TID on the performance of the MVDT was determined. Then, a simulation was carried out to compare the calculation results. From this, it was determined that the deflection angle range of the O-MVDT at a higher rotational speed was [86°, 58°], and the deflection angle range of the N-MVDT was [−14°, 14°]. By comparing the two methods, the error in the angle range was derived. The error of the N-MVDT was less than 16.67%, and the error of O-MVDT was less than 9.43%, proving that the measurement method and the mathematical model can accurately estimate the deflection angle range of a plat valve for mechanical automatic vertical drilling. The experimental and mathematical model results consistently showed that the deflection angle φ of the N-MVDT was significantly smaller than that of the O-MVDT, so the TID significantly improved the stability of the MVDT.