bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient limitation along the Jurien Bay dune chronosequence: response to Uren & Parsons ()
Authors: Laliberté Etienne , Turner Benjamin L. , Zemunik Graham , Wyrwoll Karl‐Heinz , Pearse Stuart J. , Lambers Hans 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Uren & Parsons () criticize our nutrient addition experiment and question the integrity of the Jurien Bay dune chronosequence. Their primary criticisms relate to (i) inconsistencies in parent material along the chronosequence and (ii) the lack of consideration of micronutrients in our glasshouse experiment.

We reaffirm that the Quindalup–Spearwood succession is a consistent Holocene–Middle (possibly Early) Pleistocene soil chronosequence in which parent material, topography, and present‐day climate and vegetation type (i.e. Mediterranean shrubland) are held relatively constant. The older (Early Pleistocene–Late Pliocene) Bassendean Sand probably contained less carbonate initially, but nevertheless represents the endpoint of an exceptionally strong gradient in soil nutrient availability.

The claim that we did not consider the potential importance of micronutrients is unfounded. We included a micronutrient treatment in our experiment and discussed the importance of micronutrient availability in young calcareous substrates.

Synthesis. We restate that our experimental results support predictions about changes in nutrient limitation during long‐term pedogenesis, and affirm that the Jurien Bay chronosequence is a valuable model system for addressing ecological questions related to pedogenesis, plant diversity and plant–soil interactions.
Spatial models for distance sampling data: recent developments and future directions
Authors: Miller David L. , Burt M. Louise , Rexstad Eric A. , Thomas Len 
Published: July 2013

SummaryOur understanding of a biological population can be greatly enhanced by modelling their distribution in space and as a function of environmental covariates. Such models can be used to investigate the relationships between distribution and environmental covariates as well as reliably estimate abundances and create maps of animal/plant distribution.Density surface models consist of a spatial model of the abundance of a biological population which has been corrected for uncertain detection via distance sampling methods.We review recent developments in the field and consider the likely directions of future research before focussing on a popular approach based on generalized additive models. In particular, we consider spatial modelling techniques that may be advantageous to applied ecologists such as quantification of uncertainty in a two‐stage model and smoothing in areas with complex boundaries.The methods discussed are available in anRpackage developed by the authors (dsm) and are largely implemented in the popular Windows software Distance.
Calibrating indices of avian density from non‐standardized survey data: making the most of a messy situation
Authors: Sólymos Péter , Matsuoka Steven M. , Bayne Erin M. , Lele Subhash R. , Fontaine Patricia , Cumming Steve G. , Stralberg Diana , Schmiegelow Fiona K. A. , Song Samantha J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe analysis of large heterogeneous data sets of avian point‐count surveys compiled across studies is hindered by a lack of analytical approaches that can deal with detectability and variation in survey protocols.We reformulated removal models of avian singing rates and distance sampling models of the effective detection radius (EDR) to control for the effects of survey protocol and temporal and environmental covariates on detection probabilities.We estimated singing rates andEDRfor 75 boreal forest songbird species and found that survey protocol, especially point‐count radius, explained most of the variation in detectability. However, environmental and temporal covariates (date, time, vegetation) affected singing rates andEDRfor 73% and 59% of species, respectively.Unadjusted survey counts increased by an average of 201% from a 5‐min, 50‐m radius survey to a 10‐min, 100‐m radius survey (n= 75 species). This variability was decreased to 8·5% using detection probabilities estimated from a combination of removal and distance sampling models.Our modelling approach reduced computation when fitting complex models to large data sets and can be used with a wide range of statistical techniques for inference and prediction of avian densities.
Analysis of spectral domain optical coherence tomography measurements in optic neuritis: differences in neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, isolated optic neuritis and normal healthy controls
Authors: Park Kyung‐Ah , Kim Jaeryung , Oh Sei Yeul 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the retinal layer thickness of eyes with optic neuritis (ON) and that of control eyes and ON eyes with and without neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:  Horizontal and vertical SD‐OCT scans of the fovea were undertaken for 56 patients with ON with and without NMO or MS and for 24 healthy controls. Patients with ON were divided into three groups: NMO, MS and isolated ON without NMO or MS. The thickness of each retinal layer was compared between ON and healthy control eyes, and between ON eyes with and without NMO or MS.Results:  Compared with healthy control eyes, ON eyes showed significant thinning of the ganglion cell layer plus the inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) at all eight inner and outer macular locations. Significant differences in thickness were observed for the retinal layers of NMO, MS and isolated ON without NMO or MS at several retinal locations.Conclusions:  Our SD‐OCT data revealed a notable difference in the GCL + IPL thickness between ON and healthy control eyes. It also showed differences in the thickness of several retinal layers for ON subgroups including NMO, MS and isolated ON. This may be helpful for distinguishing the aetiology of ON.
Immune-monitoring in Kawasaki disease patients treated with infliximab and intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Burns J C , Song Y , Bujold M , Shimizu C , Kanegaye J T , Tremoulet A H , Franco A 
Published: July 2013

Summary
The expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) controls inflammation in children with acute Kawasaki disease (KD). Blockade of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is an emerging therapy for KD patients with refractory inflammation, but there is concern that this therapy could impede the host immune regulation. To define the effect of TNF-α blockade, we conducted ex-vivo immune-monitoring in KD subjects who participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the addition of infliximab to standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. We enumerated circulating myeloid and plasmocytoid dendritic cells (DC), regulatory T cells (Treg) and memory T cells (Tmem) in 14 consecutive, unselected KD patients (seven treated with IVIG, seven with IVIG + infliximab) at three time-points: (i) acute phase prior to treatment, (ii) subacute phase and (iii) convalescent phase. Myeloid DC (mDC), but not plasmacytoid DC (pDC), were numerous in the peripheral blood in acute KD subjects and decreased in the subacute phase in both IVIG− and IVIG + infliximab-treated groups. The co-stimulatory molecule for antigen presentation to T cells and CD86 decreased in mDC from acute to subacute time-points in both treatment groups, but not in the single patient who developed coronary artery aneurysms. We also defined tolerogenic mDC that expand in the subacute phase of KD not impaired by infliximab treatment. Treg and Tmem expanded after treatment with no significant differences between the two groups. Treatment of KD patients with infliximab does not adversely affect generation of tolerogenic mDC or the development of T cell regulation and memory.
Early morning salivary cortisol and cortisone, and adrenal responses to a simplified low‐dose short Synacthen test in children with asthma
Authors: Blair Joanne , Lancaster Gillian , Titman Andrew , Peak Matthew , Newlands Paul , Collingwood Catherine , Chesters Christine , Moorcroft Teresa , Wallin Naomi , Hawcutt Daniel , Gardner Christopher , Didi Mohammed , Lacy David , Couriel Jonathan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine serum cortisol responses to a simplified low‐dose short Synacthen test (LDSST) in children treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for asthma and to compare these to early morning salivary cortisol (EMSC) and cortisone (EMSCn) levels.DesignEarly morning salivary cortisol and EMSCn samples were collected for three consecutive days. On day three, Synacthen 500 ng/1·73 m2 was administered intravenously. Samples were collected at 0, 15, 25, 35 min.ResultsA total of 269 subjects (160 M: 109 F), median (range) age 10·0 (5·1–15·2) years were studied. Peak cortisol in the LDSST was <500 nmol/l in 101 subjects (37·5%) and <350 nmol/l in 12 subjects (4·5%). Basal cortisol correlated with peak cortisol: r = 0·55, (95% CI: 0·46, 0·63, P < 0·0001). Time at which peak cortisol concentration was achieved was significantly related to the value of peak cortisol (P < 0·0001), with higher cortisol peaks occurring later in the test and lower cortisol peaks occurring earlier. EMSC and EMSCn had no predictive value for the identification of patients with a peak cortisol <500 nmol/l. EMSCn was superior to EMSC in identifying patients with a peak cortisol <350 nmol/l: a minimum EMSCn cut‐off value of 12·5 nmol/l gave a negative predictive value of 99·2% and positive predictive value of 30·1%.ConclusionOur data illustrate that basal measures of cortisol are likely to be of value in screening populations for patients at greatest risk of adrenal crisis. EMSCn shows promise as a screening tool for the identification of patients with severe adrenal insufficiency.
Immediate Loading of Trabecular Metal‐Enhanced Titanium Dental Implants: Interim Results from an International Proof‐of‐Principle Study
Authors: Schlee Marcus , van der Schoor W. Peter , van der Schoor Alexandra R. M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesA 3‐year proof‐of‐principle study was initiated to evaluate the clinical efficacy of immediately loading titanium dental implants with surfaces enhanced with porous tantalum trabecular metal (PTTM). First‐year interim results are presented.Materials and MethodsHealthy, partially edentulous patients (n = 30) were enrolled and treated per protocol (minimum insertion torque: ≥35 Ncm) with 37 implants placed in one or two premolar or molar locations in either jaw (study group). Implants were immediately provisionalized out of occlusion with single acrylic crowns. After 7 to 14 days of soft tissue healing, implants were definitively restored in occlusion with ceramometal crowns. Because most study group implants (54.1%, n = 20) had less than 1 year of clinical follow‐up, this interim analysis was limited to the first 22 consecutively placed implants in 17 subjects (10 women and 7 men) who completed 1 year of clinical follow‐up to date (focus group).ResultsTo date, one implant failed to integrate in the study group (survival = 97.3%, n = 36/37). Focus group implants achieved 100% (n = 22/22) survival with 0.43 ± 0.41 mm of mean marginal bone loss. There were no serious complications.ConclusionEarly clinical findings indicated that immediate loading of PTTM implants was safe and effective under the controlled study conditions.
Research Participation by Low‐Income and Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups: How Payment May Change the Balance
Authors: Walter Jennifer K. , Burke James F. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMinorities are underenrolled in clinical research trials, and one‐third of trials are underenrolled overall. The role of payment has not been studied at the national level as an explanation for enrollment patterns. Our objective was to examine the distribution of self‐reported previous research participation across different sociodemographic groups; to assess the public's perception of fair payment for a low‐risk medicine trial and the association between requested payment and sociodemographic characteristics; to estimate the amount of payment for a medication trial to achieve proportional representation of minorities and different socioeconomic groups. This was a cross‐sectional study with nationally representative data collected in 2011 by the C.S. Mott Children's Hospital National Poll on Children's Health. To determine the relationship between perceived fair payment and individual‐level characteristics, we used multivariable linear regression.With 60% participation rate, in a sample of 2,150 respondents 11% (n = 221) of the sample had previously participated in medical research. Requested payment differed significantly by racial/ethnic group with Hispanics requesting more payment than non‐Hispanic whites (0.37 [95%CI 0.02, 0.72]) In contrast to payment at $49, $149, and $249, payment at $349 yielded proportional representation of racial/ethnic minority groups.Hispanics requested higher payment for research participation, suggesting a possible explanation for their underenrollment.
Did the EU Summits Succeed in Convincing the Markets during the Recent Crisis?
Authors: Smeets Dieter , Zimmermann Marco 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUsing an event study approach, this article examines whether crisis meetings of European heads of state and government, as well as their agreed and communicated results, had a significant impact on Europe's financial markets. The analysis is based on daily data for seven Member States of the eurozone (France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain), starting in autumn 2008 and covering the time period until April 2012. To summarize the findings, the high‐profile meetings appear to have only minor effects that ceased quickly. Therefore, it can be concluded that investors consider Europe's economic and political crisis management insufficient and its communication strategy little convincing. While controlling for additional effects, it was found that European Central Bank policy measures may have had short‐run effects on bond returns and the exchange rate, but no intended influence on stock prices, except for Italy.
The accuracy of cone‐beam computed tomography in assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement
Authors: Qiao Jing , Wang Shiying , Duan Jinyu , Zhang Yong , Qiu Yun , Sun Changzhou , Liu Denggao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement (FI).Materials and MethodsFifteen patients with generalized chronic periodontitis after initial therapy were recruited. CBCT was performed in maxillary molars with probing pocket depths of ≥6 mm and advanced FI, and CBCT images were analysed. Furcation surgery was performed in 20 maxillary molars. Lastly, intra‐surgical FI assessments were compared with CBCT‐based data.ResultsIntra‐surgical findings confirmed 82.4% of the CBCT data, with a weighted kappa of 0.917. The agreement between both assessments was the highest in buccal furcation entrances, followed by distopalatal and mesiopalatal furcation entrances. Of the four parameters tested of detailed root anatomy and furcation morphology, the mean length of the root trunk and the width of the furcation entrance revealed by CBCT were consistent with their respective intra‐surgical values (p > 0.05). Horizontal bone loss and vertical bone loss were underestimated by CBCT relative to their respective intra‐surgical classifications (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsCone‐beam computed tomography images demonstrate a high accuracy in assessing the loss of periodontal tissue of the FI and root morphologies in maxillary molars.
New insights on cytotoxic activity of group 3 and lanthanide compounds: complexes with [N,N,N]-scorpionate ligands
Authors: Saturnino Carmela , Bortoluzzi Marco , Napoli Mariagrazia , Popolo Ada , Pinto Aldo , Longo Pasquale , Paolucci Gino 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Objectives
In this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of a series of monomeric group 3 and lanthanide (N,N,N)-heteroscorpionate-triflate complexes (M (OTf) 2 (cybpamd) (THF)) (Ln = Sc (2), Y (3), La (4), Nd (5), Sm (6), Dy (7), Yb (8); OTf = SO3CF3; cybpamd = N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetamidinate) having octahedral geometry around the metal atoms on the human epithelial lung adenocarcinoma (A549), human melanoma (A375), human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma, human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and murine macrophages (J774.A1) cell lines.

Methods
All the tested compounds were incubated with cells for 72 h and their growth inhibition assessed by using MTT assay.

Key findings
On the cell line HEK-293 complexes 5 and 7 show a reasonable activities, while the murine macrophage cell line (J774.A1), only the scandium 2 complex is not very active. All complexes tested are poorly active on human health adenocarcinoma lung epithelial (A549) and human melanoma (A375).

Conclusions
The group 3 and lanthanide (N,N,N)-heteroscorpionate triflate-complexes (M(OTf)2(cybpamd)(THF)) on murine macrophage (J774.A1) cell line, except that of scandium, show a reasonable activity. On human epithelial cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) complexes 3, 5 and 6 are significantly more active than cis-platinum, as well as complex 5 is more active on human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell line. All the tested complexes are poorly active on human epithelial lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human melanoma (A375).
The different behaviour of the complexes examined (2–8) let us hypothesize that the cytotoxic activity is related to the molecule as a whole and not only to the ligand or the metal ion separately.
Incidence and risk factors for incomplete HBV DNA suppression in HIV/HBV‐co‐infected patients initiating tenofovir‐based therapy
Authors: Hafkin J. S. , Osborn M. K. , Localio A. R. , Amorosa V. K. , Kostman J. R. , Stern J. J. , De La Torre P. , Mounzer K. , Frank I. , Gross R. , Chang K.‐M. , Lo Re V. 
Published: July 2013

SummarySuppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐DNA to undetectable levels is an important goal for HIV/HBV‐co‐infected patients receiving anti‐HBV‐active antiretroviral therapy (ART), and current guidelines recommend that this outcome should be reached by 1 year of treatment. However, the proportion of patients that fail to achieve an undetectable HBV DNA at this time point and its determinants remain unknown in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for incomplete HBV suppression following 1 year of tenofovir‐based ART. We performed a cohort study among tenofovir‐treated HIV/HBV‐co‐infected patients. Patients had HBV viraemia, initiated tenofovir‐based ART and had HBV DNA measured at 1 year of therapy. The primary outcome was incomplete HBV suppression (HBV DNA ≥2.6 log IU/mL) at 1 year. Logistic regression determined odds ratio (ORs) of incomplete HBV suppression for risk factors of interest. Among 133 patients, 54% (95% CI, 46–63%) had incomplete HBV suppression at 1 year. Incomplete suppression was associated with higher baseline HBV DNA (OR, 1.46 per log IU/mL increase; 95% CI, 1.1–1.94) and detectable HIV viraemia at 1 year (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.19–5.32). Among 66 patients with suppressed HIV RNA at 1 year, 28 (42%) failed to achieve an undetectable HBV DNA. Failure to suppress HBV DNA by 1 year occurred in a sizeable proportion of tenofovir‐treated HIV/HBV‐co‐infected patients. Higher HBV DNA and detectable HIV viraemia were risk factors for incomplete HBV suppression.
Kraft Foods' 2009 Conflict in Argentina: Turning‐Point Analysis of a Labor–Management Negotiation
Authors: Llorente A. Ariel , Luchi Roberto , Sioli Alejandro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes a 4‐month‐long labor dispute that unfolded in Argentina between Kraft Foods Argentina's (KFTA) management and its workers' union delegation at the firm's largest plant on account of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic outbreak. This crisis included a siege of the firm's headquarters; the inception of a special labor–management negotiation process, a mandatory conciliation, issued by Argentina's Labor Ministry; a 150‐worker layoff; the occupation of the firm's plant by 40 workers and their violent eviction by the provincial police force; the firm's threat to sell off all its assets; and a massive demonstration to pressure the U.S. Ambassador to Argentina. Eventually, the parties reached an agreement and signed Act of Reconciliation to end their conflict. To better understand its complex dynamics, we have used Druckman's turning‐point framework—precipitants, departures, and consequences (Druckman, , ; Druckman, Husbands, & Johnston, ) to examine KFTA's conflict. Our single‐case study explores how negotiators managed their organizational conflict and demonstrates the usefulness of the turning‐point framework to extract practical implications. This may help labor–management negotiators to avoid conflicts or to attain better, enduring agreements.
Extraosseous calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour
Authors: Lanzer M. , Gander T. , Grätz K. , Kruse A. , Lübbers H.‐T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCalcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) represents a very rare entity of odontogenic tumours. Its subform of an extraosseous CEOT is very rarely seen. In this case report, a patient with an extraosseous CEOT is described, treatment algorithm is reported and literature is reviewed for all cases reported on this kind of tumour.
Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in pediatric kidney transplantation: The Dutch experience
Authors: Jongsma Hidde , Bouts Antonia H. , Cornelissen Elisabeth A. M. , Beersma Matthias F. C. , Cransberg Karlien 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMany children receiving a kidney transplant are seronegative for CMV and therefore, highly susceptible to a primary CMV infection. This study aims at evaluating incidence, time of occurrence, and severity of CMV infection in the first year post‐transplantation in relation to different types of CMV prophylaxis. Transplantations in three centers in the Netherlands between 1999 and 2010 were included. Retrospective, observational, multicenter study. Clinical data and PCR measurements of CMV were collected. Prophylaxis in high‐risk patients (CMV serostatus D+R−) consisted of (val)ganciclovir during three months, or acyclovir plus CMV immunoglobulin at a former stage. Intermediate‐risk patients (R+) received (val)acyclovir, or acyclovir plus CMV immunoglobulin at a former stage. Low‐risk patients (D−R−) did not receive prophylaxis. Infection was defined as CMV PCR above 50 geq/mL plasma or whole blood, a clinically relevant infection above 1000 geq/mL. One hundred and fifty‐nine transplantations were included. CMV infection was documented for 41% of high‐risk, 24% of intermediate‐risk, and 13% of low‐risk patients, in the latter two groups typically during the first three months. The infection rate was highest in the high‐risk group after cessation of valganciclovir prophylaxis. Valganciclovir provided better protection than did acyclovir + CMV immunoglobulin. Adding an IL2‐receptor blocker to the immunosuppressive regimen did not affect the infection rate. Acute graft rejection was not related with CMV infection. Valganciclovir prophylaxis effectively prevents CMV infection in high‐risk pediatric kidney recipients, but only during prophylaxis. Valacyclovir prophylaxis in intermediate‐risk patients is less effective.