bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Corporate Environmental Performance: A Methodology for Sustainable Development
Authors: Escrig‐Olmedo Elena , Muñoz‐Torres María Jesús , Fernández‐Izquierdo María Ángeles , Rivera‐Lirio Juana María 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAssessing corporate environmental performance (CEP) that is both comprehensive and consistent with sustainable development both for society and companies, while at the same time taking heed of the facts and interests of each stakeholder, is not a simple feat.Due to the multidimensional character of the sustainability concept, several questions must be considered in the evaluation process: (i) the qualitative nature of indicators and the complexity of developing a synthetic index; (ii) the difficulty of choosing properly statistical techniques for aggregation and (iii) the difficulty of introducing stakeholders’ preferences in the assessment models.This paper is an attempt to address this challenge by developing a framework for the assessment of CEP, based on the application of a fuzzy multi‐criterion decision‐making (MCDM) method.To achieve positive scores in a CEP assessment, an organization should be strategically committed and engage in environmental management and governance structures that are translated into good results in terms of both engagement and operational performance. Unless such premises are explicitly incorporated into the assessment criteria, the results would reveal that the CEP measurement could not be brought into a line with an earnest ambition of achieving true sustainable development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Head Start's Impact on Cognitive Outcomes for Children in Foster Care
Authors: Lee Kyunghee 
Published: August 2015

Using the Head Start Impact Study data, this secondary data analysis examines Head Start's impact on cognitive outcomes for children in foster care. Out of 4442 children, 162 children in foster care were selected to examine the following study questions. (1) Do children in foster care who enrol in Head Start have different child and family characteristics than those who do not participate in Head Start? (2) Do children in foster care who participate in Head Start have higher reading and math scores at ages five to six? (3) Do child and family characteristics moderate Head Start's impact on reading and math scores of children in foster care at ages five to six? There was no main Head Start impact on reading and math scores for children in foster care. However, Head Start impact was found for the child's gender and the caregiver's age. Girls who participated in Head Start obtained higher reading and math scores than boys. Children cared for by older caregivers had higher math scores than those cared for by younger caregivers. Baseline variables such as ethnicity, special needs status and cognitive skills prior to Head Start enrolment were directly associated with math and reading scores at ages five to six. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Examines Head Start's impact on cognitive outcomes for children in foster care’Key Practitioner MessagesChild welfare workers should consider enrolling more children who are in foster care in the Head Start programme.Head Start should address and implement programme performance standards and regulation specifically targeting children in foster care.Head Start should consider various family characteristics to maximise programme benefits for children in foster care.‘Child welfare workers should consider enrolling more children who are in foster care in the Head Start programme’
Microdomain Formation Controls Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cell‐Surface Glycoproteins
Authors: Möckl Leonhard , Horst Andrea K. , Kolbe Katharina , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Bräuchle Christoph 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe effect of galectin‐mediated microdomain formation on the spatiotemporal dynamics of glycosylated membrane proteins in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) was studied qualitatively and quantitatively by high‐resolution fluorescence microscopy and artificially mimicked by metabolic glycoprotein engineering. Two types of membrane proteins, sialic acid‐bearing proteins (SABPs) and mucin‐type proteins (MTPs), were investigated. For visualization they were metabolically labeled with azido sugars and then coupled to a cyclooctyne‐conjugated fluorescent dye by click chemistry. Both spatial (diffusion) and temporal (residence time) dynamics of SABPs and MTPs on the membrane were investigated after treatment with exogenous galectin‐1 or ‐3. Strong effects of galectin‐mediated lattice formation were observed for MTPs (decreased spatial mobility), but not for SABPs. Lattice formation also strongly decreased the turnover of MTPs (increased residence time on the cell membrane). The effects of galectin‐mediated crosslinking was accurately mimicked by streptavidin‐mediated crosslinking of biotin‐tagged glycoproteins and verified by single‐molecule tracking. This technique allows the induction of crosslinking of membrane proteins under precisely controlled conditions, thereby influencing membrane residence time and the spatial dynamics of glycans on the cell membrane in a controlled way.
Chemical Bonding and Electronic Localization in a GaIAmide
Authors: Thomsen Maja K. , Dange Deepak , Jones Cameron , Overgaard Jacob 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe electron density in a one‐coordinate [GaIN(SiMe3)R] complex has been determined from ab initio calculations and multipole modeling of 90 K X‐ray data. The topologies of the Laplacian distribution and the ELI‐D match a situation having an sp3‐hybridized nitrogen with a tetrahedral arrangement of two single σ‐bonds (to carbon and silicon) and two lone pairs pointing towards gallium in a scissor‐grasping fashion. The analysis of the Laplacian distribution furthermore reveals a ligand‐induced charge concentration (LICC) in the outer core of gallium oriented directly towards the nitrogen atom, and thus in between the two lone pairs. These observations might suggest that the trigonal planar nitrogen geometry result from a dative GaN bond, in which the roles of the metal and the ligand have been reversed with respect to a “standard” metal–ligand interaction, that is, the metal is here electron‐donating. The ELI‐D reveals a diffuse and directional lone pair on gallium, suggesting that this complex could serve as a σ‐donor.
Effect of Substituents in Catechol Dye Sensitizers on Photovoltaic Performance of Type II Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Kanda Masahiro , Uenaka Koji , Ohshita Joji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn order to provide a direction in molecular design of catechol (Cat) dyes for type II dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the dye‐to‐TiO2 charge‐transfer (DTCT) characteristics of Cat dyes with various substituents and their photovoltaic performance in DSSCs are investigated. The Cat dyes with electron‐donating or moderately electron‐withdrawing substituents exhibit a broad absorption band corresponding to DTCT upon binding to TiO2 films, whereas those with strongly electron‐withdrawing substituents exhibit weak DTCT. This study indicates that the introduction of a moderately electron‐withdrawing substituent on the Cat moiety leads to not only an increase in the DTCT efficiency, but also the retardation of back electron transfer. This results in favorable conditions for the type II electron‐injection pathway from the ground state of the Cat dye to the conduction band of the TiO2 electrode by the photoexcitation of DTCT bands.
Inception of Acetic Acid/Water Cluster Growth in Molecular Beams
Authors: Bende Attila , Perretta Giuseppe , Sementa Paolo , Di Palma Tonia M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe influence of carboxylic acids on water nucleation in the gas phase has been explored in the supersonic expansion of water vapour mixed with acetic acid (AcA) at various concentrations. The sodium‐doping method has been used to detect clusters produced in supersonic expansions by using UV photoionisation. The mass spectra obtained at lower acid concentrations show well‐detected Na+AcA(H2O)n and Na+AcA2(H2O)n clusters up to 200 Da and, in the best cooling expansions, emerging Na+AcAm(H2O)n signals at higher masses and unresolved signals that extend beyond m/e values >1000 Da. These signals, which increase with increasing acid content in water vapour, are an indication that the cluster growth taking place arises from mixed water–acid clusters. Theoretical calculations show that small acid–water clusters are stable and their formation is even thermodynamically favoured with respect to pure water clusters, especially at lower temperatures. These findings suggest that acetic acid may play a significant role as a pre‐nucleation embryo in the formation of aerosols in wet environments.
Walk the Talk? How Symbolic and Substantive CSR Actions Affect Firm Performance Depending on Stakeholder Proximity
Authors: Schons Laura , Steinmeier Maria 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDrawing on neo‐institutional and stakeholder theory, this study examines the link between a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions and its financial performance. The authors investigate whether and how a firm's symbolic (“talk”) and substantive (“walk”) CSR actions, alone or combined, affect financial performance depending on the main stakeholder group they are directed at (i.e., high‐proximity internal stakeholders such as employees versus low‐proximity external stakeholders such as customers or the wider society). In a comparison of two domains targeting either high‐ or low‐proximity stakeholders, results show that substantive/symbolic CSR actions have a positive impact/no impact on financial performance if directed toward high‐proximity stakeholders, and that the opposite is true of actions directed at low‐proximity stakeholders. Further, results show that low‐proximity stakeholders have greater difficulty distinguishing between mere talk and real walk. The study relies on an international, cross‐industry dataset from Thomson Reuters’ Asset4ESG and Datastream from 2002 to 2011. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Flow cytometry screening for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: A single‐center experience in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlGhasham Nahlah , Abulkhair Yasmeen , Khalil Salem 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by the deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) that anchors proteins in cell membranes. PNH is manifest variously with hemoglobinuria, thrombosis, or bone marrow failure. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing the incidence and characteristics of patients diagnosed with PNH in the King Fisal Specialist Hospital and research center.MethodsPatients referred for PNH diagnosis at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, during the 2‐year period (2012–2013) were included in the analysis. Peripheral blood samples were used for multi‐parametric flow cytometry analysis based on fluorescent inactive aerolysin (FLAER), and the markers, CD235a and CD59 on red blood cells (RBCs), and CD14, CD45, CD64, CD24, and CD15 on white blood cells (WBCs) exclusively monocytes and granulocytes. Univariate analysis of the disease characteristics was performed.ResultsOf the 366 samples submitted for PNH screening, 14 were positive (4%) and 11 were evaluable. Of the 11 patients analyzed, 8 patients (73%) presented with aplastic anemia, 1 patient (9%) each with pancytopenia, Budd‐Chiari syndrome, and immune thrombocytopenia purpura. All samples showed type II and III GPI‐deficient clones with a median clone size of 15% (range, 0.7%–56%) in the RBCs, and 63% (range, 3.8%–100%) in WBCs (monocytes and granulocytes).ConclusionsThis study confirms the rarity of PNH and its predominant presentation as aplastic anemia or thrombosis in a Saudi Arabian population, similar to the worldwide incidence. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Mathematical modeling of receptor occupancy data: A valuable technology for biotherapeutic drug development
Authors: Spilker Mary E. , Singh Pratap , Vicini Paolo 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundIn drug development, in vivo assessment of target engagement provides confidence when testing the drug's mechanism of action and improves the likelihood of clinical success. For biologics, receptor occupancy (RO) determined from circulating cells can provide evidence of target engagement. Integrating this information with mathematical modeling can further enhance the understanding of drug‐target interactions and the biological factors that are critical to the successful modulation of the target and ultimately the disease state.MethodsThis mini‐review presents two specific types of mathematical models used to describe antibody‐receptor systems and highlights how experimental data can inform the model parameters. Simulations are used to illustrate how various mechanisms influence RO, PK and total cellular receptor profiles.ResultsThe simulations demonstrate the effect antibody‐receptor internalization, affinity and receptor turnover have on commonly acquired data in drug development.ConclusionsIntegrating RO data with mathematical models such as the two presented here (target‐mediated drug disposition and site‐of‐action models) can provide a more comprehensive view of the biological system, which can be used to test hypotheses, extrapolate preclinical findings to humans and impact clinical study designs and risk assessments for the successful development of biotherapeutics. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Ablation of the 14‐3‐3gamma Protein Results in Neuronal Migration Delay and Morphological Defects in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Wachi Tomoka , Cornell Brett , Marshall Courtney , Zhukarev Vladimir , Baas Peter W. , Toyo‐oka Kazuhito 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT14‐3‐3 proteins are ubiquitously‐expressed and multifunctional proteins. There are seven isoforms in mammals with a high level of homology, suggesting potential functional redundancy. We previously found that two of seven isoforms, 14‐3‐3epsilon and 14‐3‐3zeta, are important for brain development, in particular, radial migration of pyramidal neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. In this work, we analyzed the function of another isoform, the protein 14‐3‐3gamma, with respect to neuronal migration in the developing cortex. We found that in utero 14‐3‐3gamma‐deficiency resulted in delays in neuronal migration as well as morphological defects. Migrating neurons deficient in 14‐3‐3gamma displayed a thicker leading process stem, and the basal ends of neurons were not able to reach the boundary between the cortical plate and the marginal zone. Consistent with the results obtained from in utero electroporation, time‐lapse live imaging of brain slices revealed that the ablation of the 14‐3‐3gamma proteins in pyramidal neurons slowed down their migration. In addition, the 14‐3‐3gamma deficient neurons showed morphological abnormalities, including increased multipolar neurons with a thicker leading processes stem during migration. These results indicate that the 14‐3‐3gamma proteins play an important role in radial migration by regulating the morphology of migrating neurons in the cerebral cortex. The findings underscore the pathological phenotypes of brain development associated with the disruption of different 14‐3‐3 proteins and will advance the preclinical data regarding disorders caused by neuronal migration defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 600–614, 2016
Crispld2 is required for neural crest cell migration and cell viability during zebrafish craniofacial development
Authors: Swindell Eric C. , Yuan Qiuping , Maili Lorena E. , Tandon Bhavna , Wagner Daniel S. , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe CAP superfamily member, CRISPLD2, has previously been shown to be associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) in human populations and to be essential for normal craniofacial development in the zebrafish. Additionally, in rodent models, CRISPLD2 has been shown to play a role in normal lung and kidney development. However, the specific role of CRISPLD2 during these developmental processes has yet to be determined. In this study, it was demonstrated that Crispld2 protein localizes to the orofacial region of the zebrafish embryo and knockdown of crispld2 resulted in abnormal migration of neural crest cells (NCCs) during both early and late time points. An increase in cell death after crispld2 knockdown as well as an increase in apoptotic marker genes was also shown. This data suggests that Crispld2 modulates the migration, differentiation, and/or survival of NCCs during early craniofacial development. These results indicate an important role for Crispld2 in NCC migration during craniofacial development and suggests involvement of Crispld2 in cell viability during formation of the orofacies. genesis 53:660–667, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Jun N‐terminal kinase activity is required for invagination but not differentiation of the sea urchin archenteron
Authors: Long Jason T. , Irwin Leslie , Enomoto Addison C. , Grow Zachary , Ranck Jessica , Peeler Margaret T. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryAlthough sea urchin gastrulation is well described at the cellular level, our understanding of the molecular changes that trigger the coordinated cell movements involved is not complete. Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is a component of the planar cell polarity pathway and is required for cell movements during embryonic development in several animal species. To study the role of JNK in sea urchin gastrulation, embryos were treated with JNK inhibitor SP600125 just prior to gastrulation. The inhibitor had a limited and specific effect, blocking invagination of the archenteron. Embryos treated with 2 μM SP600125 formed normal vegetal plates, but did not undergo invagination to form an archenteron. Other types of cell movements, specifically ingression of the skeletogenic mesenchyme, were not affected, although the development and pattern of the skeleton was abnormal in treated embryos. Pigment cells, derived from nonskeletogenic mesenchyme, were also present in SP600125‐treated embryos. Despite the lack of a visible archenteron in treated embryos, cells at the original vegetal plate expressed several molecular markers for endoderm differentiation. These results demonstrate that JNK activity is required for invagination of the archenteron but not its differentiation, indicating that in this case, morphogenesis and differentiation are under separate regulation. genesis 53:762–769, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐scale spatial variation in feather corticosterone in invasive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Mexico is related to climate
Authors: Treen Gillian D. , Hobson Keith A. , Marchant Tracy A. , Bortolotti Gary R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEcologists frequently use physiological tools to understand how organisms cope with their surroundings but rarely at macroecological scales. This study describes spatial variation in corticosterone (CORT) levels in feathers of invasive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) across their range in Mexico and evaluates CORT–climate relationships with a focus on temperature and precipitation. Samples were collected from 49 sites across Mexico. Feather CORT (CORTf) was measured using methanol‐based extraction and radioimmunoassay. Relationships between CORTf and spatial and climate variables were examined using simple linear regressions. Ordination was used on climate data, CORTf was plotted against the resulting axes, and univariate regression trees were used to identify important predictors of CORTf. Universal kriging interpolation was used to illustrate spatial variation in CORTf across Mexico. Correlations with ordination axes showed that high CORTf was associated with low precipitation during the rainy season and low dry season temperatures. Specifically, CORTf was negatively related to May precipitation and January and July minimum temperatures, and positively related to April deuterium excess and June minimum temperatures. CORTf was higher in second‐year birds compared to after‐hatch years and after‐second years. House sparrows had higher CORTf levels in the hot, dry, north‐central region of Mexico, and CORTf was negatively related to temperature and precipitation. House sparrows molt primarily from August–September but climate conditions throughout the year were important predictors of CORTf, suggesting that conditions outside of molt can carry over to influence energetics during feather growth. These data suggest that dry conditions are challenging for house sparrows in Mexico, supporting previous work showing that precipitation is an important predictor of broad‐scale CORT variation. This work highlights the utility of CORTf for evaluating the influence of physiology on current avian range limits; furthermore, these data may allow us to predict future changes in species distributions.
Evaluating distributional shifts in home range estimates
Authors: Clapp Justin G. , Beck Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA variety of methods are commonly used to quantify animal home ranges using location data acquired with telemetry. High‐volume location data from global positioning system (GPS) technology provide researchers the opportunity to identify various intensities of use within home ranges, typically quantified through utilization distributions (UDs). However, the wide range of variability evident within UDs constructed with modern home range estimators is often overlooked or ignored during home range comparisons, and challenges may arise when summarizing distributional shifts among multiple UDs. We describe an approach to gain additional insight into home range changes by comparing UDs across isopleths and summarizing comparisons into meaningful results. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, we used GPS location data from 16 bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to identify distributional changes before and after habitat alterations, and we discuss advantages in its application when comparing home range size, overlap, and joint‐space use. We found a consistent increase in bighorn sheep home range size when measured across home range levels, but that home range overlap and similarity values decreased when examined at increasing core levels. Our results highlight the benefit of conducting multiscale assessments when comparing distributions, and we encourage researchers to expand comparative home range analyses to gain a more comprehensive evaluation of distributional changes and to evaluate comparisons across home range levels.