bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of diisocyanate on pyridine containing shape memory polyurethanes based on N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxylethyl)isonicotinamide
Authors: Yuan Hongming , Ge Zaochuan , Chen Shaojun , Chen Shiguo , Yang Haipeng , Zhuo Haitao 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis article demonstrates a comparative investigation about the effect of diisocyanate on pyridine containing shape memory polyurethanes (Py‐SMPUs), which are synthesized with N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxylethyl)isonicotinamide (BINA) and four different diisocyanates: 1,6‐hexanediisocyante (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and tolylene diisocyanate (TDI). Results show that all BINA–SMPU systems have amorphous reversible phase. Comparatively, the MDI–BINA and TDI–BINA systems show higher Tg; and the HDI–BINA and IPDI–BINA systems show better thermal stability. In addition, the HDI–BINA and the IPDI–BINA systems exhibit good thermal‐induced shape memory effect and good moisture‐sensitive shape memory effect due to their better moisture absorption properties. Particularly, the HDI–BINA system has better response speed and better shape recovery. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40721.
High‐temperature resistance water‐soluble copolymer derived from acrylamide, DMDAAC, and functionalized sulfonamide for potential application in enhance oil recovery
Authors: Gou Shaohua , Yin Ting , Ye Zhongbin , Jiang Wenchao , Yang Cheng , Ma Yongtao , Feng Meilin , Xia Qiang 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTA water‐soluble poly(AM‐AA‐DMDAAC‐TCAP) was prepared using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), and N‐allyl‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (TCAP), and the synthesis conditions were investigated. The obtained copolymer was characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, SEM, TG, and XRD. The temperature resistance and thickening function of the copolymer are improved significantly compared with that of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. It is found that the viscosity of copolymer could achieve up to 53.3% retention rate at 120°C compared to that at 30°C. About 16.6% for enhanced oil recovery is obtained by poly(AM‐AA‐DMDAAC‐TCAP) brine solution at 65°C. In addition, the results of XRD show that 3000 mg/L copolymer combined with 10 wt % KCl solution could reduce the d‐spacing of sodium montmorillonite from 18.94 to 14.86 Å exhibiting remarkable effect on inhibiting hydration of clays. All the results demonstrate that poly(AM‐AA‐DMDAAC‐TCAP) have excellent performance for potential application in enhance oil recovery. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40727.
Translational and rotational diffusion of flexible PEG and rigid dendrimer probes in sodium caseinate dispersions and acid gels
Authors: Salami Souad , Rondeau‐Mouro Corinne , Barhoum Myriam , van Duynhoven John , Mariette François 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe dynamics of rigid dendrimer and flexible PEG probes in sodium caseinate dispersions and acid gels, including both translational diffusion and rotational diffusion, were studied by NMR. Above the onset of the close‐packing limit (C ∼ 10 g/100 g H2O), translational diffusion of the probe depended on its flexibility and on the fluctuations of the matrix chains. The PEG probe diffused more rapidly than the spherical dendrimer probe of corresponding hydrodynamic radius. The greater conformational flexibility of PEG facilitated its motion through the crowded casein matrix. Rotational diffusion was, however, substantially less hindered than the translational diffusion and depended on the local protein–probe friction which became high when the casein concentration increased. The coagulation of the matrix led to the formation of large voids, which resulted in an increase in the translational diffusion of the probes, whereas the rotational diffusion of the probes was retarded in the gel, which could be attributed to the immobilized environment surrounding the probe. Quantitative information from PFG‐NMR and SEM micrographs have been combined for characterizing microstructural details in SC acid gels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 959–965, 2014.
Catecholaminergic connectivity to the inner ear, central auditory, and vocal motor circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish porichthys notatus
Authors: Forlano Paul M. , Kim Spencer D. , Krzyminska Zuzanna M. , Sisneros Joseph A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough the neuroanatomical distribution of catecholaminergic (CA) neurons has been well documented across all vertebrate classes, few studies have examined CA connectivity to physiologically and anatomically identified neural circuitry that controls behavior. The goal of this study was to characterize CA distribution in the brain and inner ear of the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) with particular emphasis on their relationship with anatomically labeled circuitry that both produces and encodes social acoustic signals in this species. Neurobiotin labeling of the main auditory end organ, the saccule, combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence (TH‐ir) revealed a strong CA innervation of both the peripheral and central auditory system. Diencephalic TH‐ir neurons in the periventricular posterior tuberculum, known to be dopaminergic, send ascending projections to the ventral telencephalon and prominent descending projections to vocal–acoustic integration sites, notably the hindbrain octavolateralis efferent nucleus, as well as onto the base of hair cells in the saccule via nerve VIII. Neurobiotin backfills of the vocal nerve in combination with TH‐ir revealed CA terminals on all components of the vocal pattern generator, which appears to largely originate from local TH‐ir neurons but may include input from diencephalic projections as well. This study provides strong neuroanatomical evidence that catecholamines are important modulators of both auditory and vocal circuitry and acoustic‐driven social behavior in midshipman fish. This demonstration of TH‐ir terminals in the main end organ of hearing in a nonmammalian vertebrate suggests a conserved and important anatomical and functional role for dopamine in normal audition. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2887‐2927, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mammalian epigenetic mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Pradhan Sriharsa 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe mammalian genome is packaged into chromatin that is further compacted into three‐dimensional structures consisting of distinct functional domains. The higher order structure of chromatin is in part dictated by enzymatic DNA methylation and histone modifications to establish epigenetic layers controlling gene expression and cellular functions, without altering the underlying DNA sequences. Apart from DNA and histone modifications, non‐coding RNAs can also regulate the dynamics of the mammalian gene expression and various physiological functions including cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Aberrant epigenetic signatures are associated with abnormal developmental processes and diseases such as cancer. In this review, we will discuss the different layers of epigenetic regulation, including writer enzymes for DNA methylation, histone modifications, non‐coding RNA, and chromatin conformation. We will highlight the combinatorial role of these structural and chemical modifications along with their partners in various cellular processes in mammalian cells. We will also address the cis and trans interacting “reader” proteins that recognize these modifications and “eraser” enzymes that remove these marks. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to discuss the interplay between various epigenetic writers, readers, and erasures in the establishment of mammalian epigenetic mechanisms. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(4):240–256, 2014
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound characterization of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: Report of two cases
Authors: Yan Lixia , Huang Beijian , Xue Liyun , Lu Qing , Wen Jiexian , Wang Wenping 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTMucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney is a relatively rare pathologic entity that has recently been described in the World Health Organization 2004 renal cell carcinoma classification. We report two cases of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma in which contrast‐enhanced ultrasound was used. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:55–58, 2015
Front‐line ordering clinicians: Matching workforce to workload
Authors: Fieldston Evan S. , Zaoutis Lisa B. , Hicks Patricia J. , Kolb Susan , Sladek Erin , Geiger Debra , Agosto Paula M. , Boswinkel Jan P. , Bell Louis M. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDMatching workforce to workload is particularly important in healthcare delivery, where an excess of workload for the available workforce may negatively impact processes and outcomes of patient care and resident learning. Hospitals currently lack a means to measure and match dynamic workload and workforce factors.OBJECTIVESThis article describes our work to develop and obtain consensus for use of an objective tool to dynamically match the front‐line ordering clinician (FLOC) workforce to clinical workload in a variety of inpatient settings.METHODSWe undertook development of a tool to represent hospital workload and workforce based on literature reviews, discussions with clinical leadership, and repeated validation sessions. We met with physicians and nurses from every clinical care area of our large, urban children's hospital at least twice.RESULTSWe successfully created a tool in a matrix format that is objective and flexible and can be applied to a variety of settings. We presented the tool in 14 hospital divisions and received widespread acceptance among physician, nursing, and administrative leadership. The hospital uses the tool to identify gaps in FLOC coverage and guide staffing decisions.DISCUSSIONHospitals can better match workload to workforce if they can define and measure these elements. The Care Model Matrix is a flexible, objective tool that quantifies the multidimensional aspects of workload and workforce. The tool, which uses multiple variables that are easily modifiable, can be adapted to a variety of settings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:457–462. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Outcomes of early versus late Tracheostomy: 2008–2010
Authors: Villwock Jennifer A. , Jones Kristin 
Published: April 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe ideal timing of tracheostomy varies. This study sought to determine demographic, management, and outcome differences in patients undergoing early tracheostomy (ET) versus late tracheostomy (LT) (<10 days vs. >10 days postintubation, respectively).Study DesignRetrospective review of the 2008 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample for patients with extreme severity of illness who underwent tracheostomy.MethodsPatients were subdivided based on the timing of tracheostomy placement (days 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, 21–25). ET and LT were defined using a 10‐day cutoff. Descriptive statistics were obtained for hospital and patient demographics. Multivariate models analyzed the effect of tracheostomy timing on primary outcomes of in‐hospital morbidity/mortality, length of stay (LOS), and charges.ResultsA total of 124,990 tracheostomy cases met inclusion criteria. Of the total cases, 53,749 underwent ET, and 71,244 underwent LT. Significant predictors (P < .01) of ET included patient age <65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.136), admission to a Midwest hospital (OR: 1.430), neurologic disorder (OR: 1.196), paralysis (OR: 1.264), and admission to a government, nonfederal hospital (OR: 1.434). Significant predictors of LT included admission to a small hospital (OR: 1.150), acute respiratory failure (OR: 1.601), and acute chronic respiratory failure (OR: 1.349). The economic outcomes of hospital costs and LOS increased linearly and significantly with time to tracheostomy, as did mortality (P < .001). ET was associated with a significantly increased rate of discharge to home (P < .001) and decreased rate of sepsis (P < .001) and ventilator‐associated pneumonia (P < .001).ConclusionsEfficient and effective healthcare delivery is paramount in today's economic climate. Identification of patients likely to need prolonged ventilator support and ET may prove to be a cost‐ and morbidity‐saving measure and deserves further prospective examination.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 124:1801–1806, 2014
A learner‐centered educational curriculum improves resident performance on the otolaryngology training examination
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Ahmed Aadil , Li Ryan , Laeeq Kulsoom , Bhatti Nasir I. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the effects of a learner‐centered educational curriculum for Johns Hopkins otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residents in improving their otolaryngology training examination (OTE) scores. We hypothesized that trainees who attend a learner‐centered program demonstrate improved performance on OTEs.Study DesignProspective longitudinal study.MethodsIn September 2008, a resident‐designed educational curriculum was implemented to better prepare residents for their OTE. These mandatory sessions, led by faculty members, were held for an hour every week, during in which residents were tested on their knowledge of high‐yield topics. Residents were expected to be prepared on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the selected diseases. In 2011, residents were given responsibility to lead these sessions. OTE scores from 2002 to 2012 were analyzed to see whether there was any improvement after the implementation of this curriculum.ResultsClustered linear regression analysis revealed significant improvement of OTE scores with subsequent interventions. During a 3‐year period (2009–2011) after the first intervention, there was a significant increase (P = .01) of 0.69 in mean national and 0.78 in mean group stanine scoring. Similarly, after the second intervention in 2011, a further increment of 1.36 in mean national and 1.58 in mean group stanine scoring was seen (P = .001).ConclusionsResidents OTE stanines improved significantly after the implementation of a learner‐centered educational curriculum. This finding suggests that trainees are able to perform better when involved in planning and implementing the educational curriculum.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope 124:2262–2267, 2014
Surface Coordination Polymerization of Ethylene by Hydrozirconation‐Immobilized Metallocene
Authors: Zheng Jun , Wang Yanhui , Ye Lin , Lin Yichao , Tang Tao , Zhang Jidong 
Published: April 2014

Hydrozirconation on vinyl‐terminated substrates (silicon wafer and nanosilica sphere) is employed as an efficient way for immobilization of zirconocene catalyst through ZrC bonds, which is applied in surface coordination ethylene polymerization producing surface‐tethered polyethylene (PE). The formation of ZrC σ bond induced by hydrozirconation provides an initiator precursor for growing a layer of PE covalently linked onto substrates. The results from SEM, AFM, and TEM show that the surface polymerization is controlled by hydrozirconation. Surface pattern or core–shell structure with crystalline PE coating can be formed, when silicon wafer is selectively functionalized with vinyl‐groups or vinyl‐modified nanosilica is applied. It is believed that hydrozirconation for the synthesis of zirconocene initiator can be a versatile route to prepare polyolefin hybrid materials.
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Comparison of outcomes of pressure sore reconstructions among perforator flaps, perforator‐based rotation fasciocutaneous flaps, and musculocutaneous flaps
Authors: Kuo Pao‐Jen , Chew Khong‐Yik , Kuo Yur‐Ren , Lin Pao‐Yuan 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPressure sore reconstruction remains a significant challenge for plastic surgeons due to its high postoperative complication and recurrence rates. Free‐style perforator flap, fasciocutaeous flap, and musculocutaneous flap are the most common options in pressure sore reconstructions. Our study compared the postoperative complications among these three flaps at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.MethodsFrom 2003 to 2012, 99 patients (54 men and 45 women) with grade III or IV pressure sores received regional flap reconstruction, consisting of three cohorts: group A, 35 free‐style perforator‐based flaps; group B, 37 gluteal rotation fasciocutaneous flaps; and group C, 27 musculocutaneous or muscle combined with fasciocutaneous flap. Wound complications such as wound infection, dehiscence, seroma formation of the donor site, partial or complete flap loss, and recurrence were reviewed.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period for group A was 24.2 months, 20.8 months in group B, and 19.0 months for group C. The overall complication rate was 22.9%, 32.4%, and 22.2% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The flap necrosis rate was 11.4%, 13.5%, and 0% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. There was no statistical significance regarding complication rate and flap necrosis rate among different groups.ConclusionsIn our study, the differences of complication rates and flap necrosis rate between these groups were not statistically significant. Further investigations should be conducted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:547–553, 2014.
Torsional dynamic response of a large‐diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic saturated soil
Authors: Zheng Changjie , Liu Hanlong , Ding Xuanming , Lv Yaru 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYAn analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the dynamic response of a large‐diameter end‐bearing pipe pile subjected to torsional loading in viscoelastic saturated soil. The wave propagation in saturated soil and pile are simulated by Biot's two‐phased linear theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the outer soil, inner soil, and pile are established. The solutions for the outer and inner soils in frequency domain are obtained by Laplace transform technique and the separation of variables method. Then, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained on the basis of the perfect contacts between the pile and the outer soil as well as the inner soil. The results in this paper are compared with that of a solid pile in elastic saturated soil to verify the validity of the solution. Furthermore, the solution in this paper is compared with the classic plane strain solution to verify the solution further and check the accuracy of the plane strain solution. Numerical results are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics and illustrate the effect of the soil parameters and the geometry size of the pile on the complex impedance and velocity admittance of the pile head. Finally, the displacement of the soil at different depth and frequency is analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐injury in youths who lost a parent to cancer: nationwide study of the impact of family‐related and health‐care‐related factors
Authors: Bylund Grenklo Tove , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Nyberg Tommy , Steineck Gunnar , Fürst Carl Johan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐injury, a manifestation of severe psychological distress, is increased in cancer‐bereaved youths. Little is known about the potential influence on the risk for self‐injury of factors that could be clinically relevant to and modifiable by the health‐care professionals involved in the care of the dying parent.MethodsIn a nationwide population‐based anonymous study, 622 (73.1%) youths (aged 18–26) who, 6 to 9 years earlier at ages 13 to 16, had lost a parent to cancer answered study‐specific questions about self‐injury and factors related to the family and parental health care.ResultsUnivariable analyses showed that the risk for self‐injury was increased among cancer‐bereaved youths who reported poor family cohesion the years before (relative risk [RR], 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–4.6) and after the loss (RR, 3.3, 95% CI, 2.4–4.4), distrust in the health care provided to the dying parent (RR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.2–2.4), perceiving poor health‐care efforts to cure the parent (RR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1–2.1) and poor efforts to prevent suffering (RR, 1.6, 95% CI, 1.1–2.4), that at least one of their parents had been depressed or had troubles in life (RR, 1.5, CI, 1.1–2.1) and believing 3 days before the loss that the treatment would probably cure the parent (RR, 1.6, CI, 1.1–2.3). In the total multivariable models, only poor family cohesion before and after the loss remained statistically significantly associated with self‐injury.ConclusionPoor family cohesion before and after the loss of a parent to cancer is associated with an increased risk of self‐injury in teenage children. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecological momentary assessment of sleep, symptoms, and mood during chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Ratcliff Chelsea G. , Lam Cho Y. , Arun Banu , Valero Vincente , Cohen Lorenzo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the association of sleep before and during a chemotherapy (CT) cycle for breast cancer with symptoms and mood during a CT cycle.MethodsTwenty women undergoing CT for breast cancer completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 1 h prior to a CT infusion. For 3 weeks following infusion, participants estimated sleep efficiency, minutes to sleep (sleep latency), number of nocturnal awakenings (sleep fragmentation (SF)), and sleep quality (SQ) each morning and rated symptoms (nausea, fatigue, numbness, and difficulty thinking) and mood three times daily (morning, afternoon, and evening) via ecological momentary assessments using automated handheld computers.ResultsThe results showed that disturbed sleep (PSQI score > 5) prior to CT infusion was associated with greater fatigue, and more negative and anxious mood throughout the 3‐week CT cycle, and good pre‐CT infusion sleep (PSQI score < 5) buffered anxious mood in the first days following infusion. Time‐lagged analyses controlling for mood/symptom ratings reported the previous evening revealed that longer sleep latency and greater SF were associated with greater daytime fatigue; poorer SQ and greater SF were antecedents of worse morning negative mood, and greater SF was associated with feeling more passive and drowsy. No evening symptom or mood ratings were related to subsequent SQ.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that disturbed sleep before and after a CT infusion exacerbates fatigue, and negative, anxious, and drowsy mood during a CT cycle. Reducing sleep disturbance may be an important way to improve quality of life during CT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.