bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel peroxiredoxin of the plant Sedum lineare is a homologue of Escherichia coli bacterioferritin co-migratory protein (Bcp)
Authors: KONG Wei , SHIOTA Susumu , SHI Yixin , NAKAYAMA Hiroaki , NAKAYAMA Koji 
Published: August 2015

We cloned a gene encoding a 17-kDa protein from a cDNA library of the plant Sedum lineare and found that its deduced amino acid sequence showed similarities to those of Escherichia coli bacterioferritin co-migratory protein (Bcp) and its homologues, which comprise a discrete group associated with the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family. Studies of the recombinant 17-kDa protein produced in E. coli cells revealed that it actually had a thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity, the hallmark of the Prx family. PrxQ, as we now designate the 17-kDa protein, had two cysteine residues (Cys-44 and Cys-49) well conserved among proteins of the Bcp group. These two cysteines were demonstrated to be essential for the thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity by analysis of mutant proteins, suggesting that these residues are involved in the formation of an intramolecular disulphide bond as an intermediate in the reaction cycle. Expression of PrxQ suppressed the hypersensitivity of an E. coli bcp mutant to peroxides, indicating that it might exert an antioxidant activity in vivo.
The sequence data presented have been deposited in the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ nucleotide sequence databases under the accession number AB037598.
Credential and Skill Mismatches Among Tertiary Graduates: The effect of labour market institutions on the differences between fields of study in 18 countries
Authors: Assirelli Giulia 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
This study provides new empirical evidence about tertiary graduates’ overeducation, by analysing the influence of labour market institutions on the incidence and distribution of the phenomenon across fields of study. In particular, the analyses focus on the level of employment protection, the regulation of access to the so-called liberal professions, and the propensity of welfare states to hire skilled workers. Data from two comparative surveys – REFLEX and HEGESCO – are used, and a wide set of information is employed to split overeducation in two forms of suboptimal allocation of individuals in the labour market: credential and skill mismatches. The first term refers to the mismatch between formal educational credentials and job requirements, whereas the second term refers to the mismatch between the skills acquired through education and those needed to perform a job. Results suggest that field of study differentials vary by country and that welfare and labour market institutions illuminate these cross-national variations. Moreover, the results support the claim that it is necessary to distinguish between credential and skill mismatches, showing that these institutional factors do not always affect them similarly.
Conflict and cooperation over sex: the consequences of social and genetic polyandry for reproductive success in dunnocks
Authors: Santos Eduardo S. A. , Santos Luana L. S. , Lagisz Malgorzata , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: August 2015

SummaryConflict and cooperation within and between the sexes are among the driving forces that lead to the evolution of mating systems. Among mating strategies, female genetic polyandry and male reproductive cooperation pose challenging evolutionary questions regarding the maintenance of systems where one sex suffers from reduced fitness.Here, we investigate the consequences of social and genetic polyandry for reproductive success of females and males in a population of the dunnock,Prunella modularis.We show that female multiple mating ameliorates the negative effects of inbreeding. We, however, found little evidence that females engage in extra‐group (pair) mating with less related or more heterozygous males.Breeding in socially polyandrous groups reduced the amount of paternity lost to extra‐group males, such that, on average, cobreeding and monogamous males fledged a similar number of young. Importantly,c. 30% of cobreeding male dyads were related, suggesting they could gain indirect fitness benefits. Taken together, cobreeding males achieve equivalent reproductive success to monogamous counterparts under most circumstances.Our study has revealed unexpected complexities in the variable mating system of dunnocks in New Zealand. Our results differ from the well‐known Cambridge dunnock study and can help our understanding of the evolution and maintenance of various breeding systems in the animal kingdom.
Priority threat management of non‐native plants to maintain ecosystem integrity across heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Firn Jennifer , Martin Tara G. , Chadès Iadine , Walters Belinda , Hayes John , Nicol Sam , Carwardine Josie 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Invasive non‐native plants have negatively impacted on biodiversity and ecosystem functions world‐wide. Because of the large number of species, their wide distributions and varying degrees of impact, we need a more effective method for prioritizing control strategies for cost‐effective investment across heterogeneous landscapes.

Here, we develop a prioritization framework that synthesizes scientific data, elicits knowledge from experts and stakeholders to identify control strategies, and appraises the cost‐effectiveness of strategies. Our objective was to identify the most cost‐effective strategies for reducing the total area dominated by high‐impact non‐native plants in the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB).

We use a case study of the ˜120 million ha Lake Eyre Basin that comprises some of the most distinctive Australian landscapes, including Uluru‐Kata Tjuta National Park. More than 240 non‐native plant species are recorded in the Lake Eyre Basin, with many predicted to spread, but there are insufficient resources to control all species.

Lake Eyre Basin experts identified 12 strategies to control, contain or eradicate non‐native species over the next 50 years. The total cost of the proposed Lake Eyre Basin strategies was estimated at AU$1·7 billion, an average of AU$34 million annually. Implementation of these strategies is estimated to reduce non‐native plant dominance by 17 million ha – there would be a 32% reduction in the likely area dominated by non‐native plants within 50 years if these strategies were implemented.

The three most cost‐effective strategies were controlling Parkinsonia aculeata, Ziziphus mauritiana and Prosopis spp. These three strategies combined were estimated to cost only 0·01% of total cost of all the strategies, but would provide 20% of the total benefits. Over 50 years, cost‐effective spending of AU$2·3 million could eradicate all non‐native plant species from the only threatened ecological community within the Lake Eyre Basin, the Great Artesian Basin discharge springs.

Synthesis and applications. Our framework, based on a case study of the ˜120 million ha Lake Eyre Basin in Australia, provides a rationale for financially efficient investment in non‐native plant management and reveals combinations of strategies that are optimal for different budgets. It also highlights knowledge gaps and incidental findings that could improve effective management of non‐native plants, for example addressing the reliability of species distribution data and prevalence of information sharing across states and regions.
Microscopic Pattern of Bone Fractures as an Indicator of Blast Trauma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pechníková Marketa , Mazzarelli Debora , Poppa Pasquale , Gibelli Daniele , Scossa Baggi Emilio , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe assessment of fractures is a key issue in forensic anthropology; however, very few studies deal with the features of fractures due to explosion in comparison with other traumatic injuries. This study focuses on fractures resulting from blast trauma and two types of blunt force trauma (manual compression and running over), applied to corpses of pigs; 163 osteons were examined within forty fractures by the transmission light microscopy. Blast lesions showed a higher percentage of fracture lines through the Haversian canal, whereas in other types of trauma, the fractures went across the inner lamellae. Significant differences between samples hit by blast energy and those runover or manually compressed were observed (p < 0.05). The frequency of pattern A is significantly higher in exploded bones than in runover and compressed. Microscopic analysis of the fracture line may provide information about the type of trauma, especially for what concerns blast trauma.
Musculoskeletal disorders of the hand in type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and its associated factors
Authors: Mustafa Khader N. , Khader Yousef S. , Bsoul Amal K. , Ajlouni Kamel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the hand among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their relation to disease duration, glycemic control and microvascular complications.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics in Amman, Jordan.ResultsOne thousand patients with T2DM were included in this study (mean age 57.8 ± 9.5 years, 52.2% females and 47.8% males). Hand disorders were seen in 69.5% of patients, limited joint mobility (LJM) was the most prevalent (63.1%) condition followed by Dupuytren's contracture (DC) (18.6%). Trigger finger, thick skin and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were found in 7.2%, 6.2% and 5.5% of patients, respectively. One disorder was seen in 45.4% of patients, two in18.2%, three in 4.9%, four in 0.9%, while only 0.1% of patients had all disorders. Female gender, age over 60 years and long duration of diabetes were associated with hand abnormalities. Hypertension was significantly associated with DC while retinopathy was associated with increased odds of thick skin, DC and CTS with P‐values 0.037, < 0.005 and 0.002, respectively.ConclusionHand disorders are very common in T2DM. Female gender, old age, duration of diabetes, retinopathy and hypertension were significantly associated with hand disorders in T2DM.
The impact of effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McGrady M. E. , Ryan J. L. , Gutiérrez‐Colina A. M. , Fredericks E. M. , Towner E. K. , Pai A. L. H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the impact of effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions on patients, families and the healthcare system is necessary to inform efforts to improve healthcare quality and control costs. Building on previous research suggesting that improving adherence may have far‐reaching benefits, the objective of this study was to quantify the impact of effective adherence promotion interventions for children and adolescents with a chronic medical condition on patients, families and the healthcare system.MethodsAuthors systematically reviewed articles indexed in PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL to identify randomized controlled trials of paediatric adherence promotion interventions. Interventions that improved paediatric adherence and examined patient‐level, family‐level or healthcare system‐level outcomes in children and adolescents (M age ≤ 18 years) with a chronic medical condition were included. Two authors independently extracted and classified outcome variables as patient‐level (quality of life and disease‐related activity restrictions), micro‐level (family functioning, family conflict, caregiver quality of life, caregiver sleep interruption, caregiver days away from work and patient missed school days) or macro‐level variables (emergency department visits, hospitalizations, outpatient visits and urgent care visits). Outcome variables detailed in previously published reviews (i.e. disease severity) were excluded.ResultsTwenty studies representing 19 unique samples met inclusion criteria. An additional eight articles representing trials that did not significantly improve adherence were included in post hoc analyses. Compared with control interventions, effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions improved patient quality of life and family‐level outcomes and decreased healthcare utilization among children and adolescents with a chronic medical condition.ConclusionsInterdisciplinary efforts to improve healthcare quality and reduce spending among children and adolescents with a chronic medical condition may be enhanced by incorporating effective paediatric adherence promotion interventions. As relatively few chronic medical conditions were represented in included studies, future research should examine the impact of paediatric adherence promotion interventions in other populations.
Robust Articulated‐ICP for Real‐Time Hand Tracking
Authors: Tagliasacchi Andrea , Schröder Matthias , Tkach Anastasia , Bouaziz Sofien , Botsch Mario , Pauly Mark 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present a robust method for capturing articulated hand motions in realtime using a single depth camera. Our system is based on a realtime registration process that accurately reconstructs hand poses by fitting a 3D articulated hand model to depth images. We register the hand model using depth, silhouette, and temporal information. To effectively map low‐quality depth maps to realistic hand poses, we regularize the registration with kinematic and temporal priors, as well as a data‐driven prior built from a database of realistic hand poses. We present a principled way of integrating such priors into our registration optimization to enable robust tracking without severely restricting the freedom of motion. A core technical contribution is a new method for computing tracking correspondences that directly models occlusions typical of single‐camera setups. To ensure reproducibility of our results and facilitate future research, we fully disclose the source code of our implementation.
Homotopic Morphing of Planar Curves
Authors: Dym N. , Shtengel A. , Lipman Y. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper presents an algorithm for morphing between closed, planar piecewise‐C1 curves. The morph is guaranteed to be a regular homotopy, meaning that pinching will not occur in the intermediate curves.The algorithm is based on a novel convex characterization of the space of regular closed curves and a suitable symmetric length‐deviation energy. The intermediate curves constructed by the morphing algorithm are guaranteed to be regular due to the convexity and feasibility of the problem.We show that our method compares favorably with standard curve morphing techniques, and that these methods sometimes fail to produce a regular homotopy, and as a result produce an undesirable morph.We explore several applications and extensions of our approach, including morphing networks of curves with simple connectivity, morphing of curves with different turning numbers with minimal pinching, convex combination of several curves, and homotopic morphing of b‐spline curves via their control polygon.
Fluticasone propionate in clinically suspected asthma patients with negative methacholine challenge test
Authors: Peiman Soheil , Abtahi Hamidreza , Akhondzadeh Shahin , Safavi Enayat , Moin Mostafa , Rahimi Foroushani Abbas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionDespite reports of response to steroid inhaler in some clinically suspected asthma patients with negative methacholine challenge test (CSA/MCT−), treatment in these patients has not been prospectively studied.ObjectiveWe studied the role of a 12 week high dose inhaled fluticasone trial in CSA/MCT− patients.MethodsAfter a 2 week run‐in period, CSA/MCT−patients were treated with 12 weeks of Fluticasone propionate 1000 µg/day. The Asthma Control Test (ACT), numeric cough score (NCS) and bronchodilator use were compared with their pretreatment values.ResultsThirty‐four of 42 CSA/MCT−patients completed the study. Mean pretreatment ACT score (pACT) was significantly increased after treatment (14.7 ± 3.37 to 20.9 ± 3.1, P < 0.001). Posttreatment values of daytime (1.0 ± 1.0) and night‐time (0.6 ± 0.9) NCS decreased compared to their pretreatment values (2.8 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 1.3, respectively; P < 0.001). ACT score change (ΔACT) were significantly greater in those with pACT < 15 than in those ≥15 (P < 0.001) . Fifteen of 21 patients with ΔACT > 5 did not need to use bronchodilator for their symptom relief. Wheeze disappeared in all six patients with ΔACT > 5 after the trial. Six months after the study, steroid inhaler continued to be used by 72.2% of patients.ConclusionA significant portion of CSA/MCT− (especially those with pretreatment ACT score <15) respond to high dose fluticasone inhaler in terms of symptoms relief, disappearance of wheeze and need to bronchodilator use. ΔACT could not be predicted with any individual symptoms or signs before MCT, % FEV1 decline or symptoms during MCT and exhaled nitric oxide.
Multinodule abnormalities of the tracheobronchus: bronchoscopy findings and clinical diagnosis
Authors: An Jian , Yang Hua‐Ping , Hu Cheng‐Ping , Cao Li‐Ming , Zhou Ya‐Fang , Xiao Qi‐Ming , Pan Pin‐Hua , Luo Bai‐Ling , Meng Jie , Zheng Zhi‐Yuan , Su Xiao‐Li , Li Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsBronchoscopy is an important method for diagnosing respiratory disease. Multiple tracheobronchial nodules are rarely reported and their causes remain unclear.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of multiple nodule tracheobronchial abnormalities found under bronchoscopy caused by different diseases.MethodsEighty‐seven patients with multiple tracheobronchial nodules were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of the multinodule lesions and the patient were diagnosed based on the pathology findings in our hospital. Chest computed tomography images were retrospectively reviewed by pulmonologists and radiologist.ResultsIn 55 patients with definite pathological diagnosis, 16 (29%) patients were diagnosed as tuberculosis (TB) granuloma; 23 (41.8%) cases were diagnosed as malignant disease; 12 (21.8%) cases were diagnosed as tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica; 2 (3.6%) cases were diagnosed as sarcoidosis; and one case (1.8%) was diagnosed as lymphoma and one case (1.8%) as fungal infection. There were 32 cases of chronic inflammation. There was no relationship between nodule distribution and the pathological diagnosis. Malignant nodules usually smaller with a pale outlook, while nodules with larger size and smooth and intact mucosa usually turn out to be granuloma of unknown reason.ConclusionThe major causes of mutinodule lesions observed using bronchoscopy are tumor and TB. The presence of multiple endotracheobronchial nodules suggest that pulmonary lesion is present, and biopsy should be performed. Malignant nodules can be diagnosed by appearance and biopsy. Pathology results of TB, sarcoidosis and fungal infection can turn out to be granuloma of unknown reason. Further diagnosis needs other clinical materials.
Electrophysiological evidence of phonetic normalization across coarticulation in infants
Authors: Mersad Karima , Dehaene‐Lambertz Ghislaine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe auditory neural representations of infants can easily be studied with electroencephalography using mismatch experimental designs. We recorded high‐density event‐related potentials while 3‐month‐old infants were listening to trials consisting of CV syllables produced with different vowels (/bX/ or /gX/). The consonant remained the same for the first three syllables, followed (or not) by a change in the fourth position. A consonant change evoked a significant difference around the second auditory peak (400–600 ms) relative to control trials. This mismatch response demonstrates that the infants robustly categorized the consonant despite coarticulation that blurs the phonetic cues, and at an age at which they do not produce these consonants themselves. This response was obtained even when infants had no visual articulatory information to help them to track the consonant repetition. In combination with previous studies establishing categorical perception and normalization across speakers, this result demonstrates that preverbal infants already have abstract phonetic representation integrating over acoustical features in the first months of life.
Mellow Parenting: systematic review and meta‐analysis of an intervention to promote sensitive parenting
Authors: MacBeth Angus , Law James , McGowan Iain , Norrie John , Thompson Lucy , Wilson Philip 
Published: August 2015

AimTo review and meta‐analyse Mellow Parenting interventions for parent–child dyads at high risk of adverse developmental outcomes.MethodUsing Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we extracted all published evaluations of Mellow Parenting and Mellow Babies programmes. We identified published studies with randomized controlled trials, quasi‐experimental or within‐subject pre–post designs. We incorporated ‘grey literature’ for unpublished publicly available evaluations. Effect sizes were calculated for impact of Mellow Parenting on parental mental health and child behaviour. Data were extracted on demographics, age of participants, country, and potential sources of bias.ResultsWe identified eight papers, representing nine data sets, from five of which we calculated effect sizes. There was evidence of a medium treatment effect of Mellow Parenting compared with comparison groups on maternal well‐being and child problems. Drop‐out from treatment was variable. However, data were heterogeneous and there was evidence of methodological bias.InterpretationOur data give some support to claims for effectiveness of Mellow Parenting as a group intervention for families with multiple indices of developmental adversity. Given the methodological weaknesses of literature in the area, novel approaches are needed in future trials of low‐budget complex interventions in non‐commercial settings.
The manufacturing process should remain the focus for severe febrile reactions in children administered an Australian inactivated influenza vaccine during 2010
Authors: Li‐Kim‐Moy Jean , Booy Robert 
Published: August 2015

Influenza vaccine safety is an ongoing issue. In 2010, inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs), Fluvax® and Fluvax Junior® manufactured by CSL Biotherapies (‘CSL’), Parkville, Australia, were associated with a marked increase in febrile seizures (FS) in children <5 years old. Extensive investigations initially failed to identify a root cause. The company's researchers recently published two papers outlining their latest findings. Cytokine responses to TIV were measured in paediatric whole blood assays (WBA); NF‐κB activation was assessed using a HEK293 cell line reporter assay. CSL suggest that the combination of new influenza strains (H1N1 A/California/7/2009 and B/Brisbane/60/2008), increased complexes of viral RNA and lipid in the vaccine, and inherent sensitivities of some children <5 years old caused elevated inflammatory responses resulting in FS. Whilst the papers provide insight into pathogenesis, much remains unclear. The WBA were from only 10 ‘healthy’ children, potentially affecting generalisability of the results and reliability of these in vitro tests in assessing future influenza vaccine safety. Increased fever rates (without FS) found in CSL TIV studies between 2005 and 2010 suggest a long‐standing contribution to reactogenicity from the manufacturing process. More detailed comparisons with non‐CSL vaccines would have helped elucidate the relative contribution of patient/strain factors and the manufacturing process. The focus remains on manufacturing process differences as the key causative factor of elevated febrile responses. Studies underway, of modified vaccines in young children, will determine whether reactogenicity issues have been successfully addressed and whether CSL TIV can be relicensed in children <5 years of age.