bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Engineering of Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Metal Oxides for Real‐Time Visualization of Oxygen Vacancy Dynamics
Authors: Jiang Lei , Cao Wenjun , Li Zijian , Wang Chunchang , Bi Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOxygen vacancy (Vo), as one of the most common surface defects, significantly influence the physiochemical properties of metal oxides. However, it remains a challenge for existing techniques to visualize the evolution of Vo during redox process due to its heterogeneous distribution, small size, and dynamic nature. Herein, the real‐time monitoring of such microscopic interfacial events is reported by advantage of the high‐contrast fluorescence response of carbon dots (H‐CDs) to Vo. The green emissive H‐CDs possess a unique disc‐shaped structure and exceptional hydrophilicity, allowing their tight adhesion to the surfaces of Vo‐rich MgO by simple mixing. Subsequently, a water involved interfacial reaction occurred between H‐CDs and Vo, resulting in gradual quenching of the original green emission and simultaneously emergence of bright red fluorescence. Moreover, the spatiotemporal diffusion dynamics and reaction kinetics are investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, revealing the time‐dependent reorganization and structural heterogeneity at the interface. The finding provides a new toolbox for in situ imaging of Vo‐triggered phenomena at a microscopic level, which will be helpful in promoting the rational design of oxide materials.
Copper as an Electron Hunter for Enhancing Bi2O2CO3 Electrocatalytic CO2 Conversion to Formate
Authors: Lu Jun , Ren Yanhan , Liang Jing , Zou Lie , Gao Yan , Li Fei , Gao Junfeng , Liu Jinxuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCu‐doped Bi2O2CO3 catalyst with copper (Cu) acting an electron hunter for conversion of carbon dioxide into formate is developed. The Cu‐Bi2O2CO3 catalyst with hollow microsphere structure extends the duration of CO2 retention on the catalyst, providing a greater number of active sites. It exhibits remarkable performance with conversion efficacy of 98.5% and current density of 800 mA cm−2 across a wide potential window (−0.8 to −1.3 V vs RHE). Density functional theory investigations reveal that the presence of copper (Cu) significantly enhances the charge density at the active sites and influences the local electronic structure of bismuth (Bi), thereby reducing the energy barrier associated with the transformation of *OCHO species into formate.
Liquid Metal Interlayer for Ultrastable Solid‐State Sodium Metal Battery
Authors: Gu Yifan , Tao Huachao , Yang Xuelin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolid‐state sodium metal batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density, remarkable safety, and abundant sodium resources. However, the growth of Na dendrites and poor interfacial contact between Na metal anode and Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) solid‐state electrolytes severely limit their practical application. Herein, a wettable liquid metal (GaIn) interlayer significantly reduces the interfacial resistance and avoids the formation of voids at the Na/NZSP interface. Moreover, the Ga4Na and NaIn alloys at the interface caused by the spontaneous reaction of GaIn with Na metal enhance the bond of NZSP with Na anode, which provides a continuous Na+ diffusion pathway and homogeneous Na+ flux to suppress Na dendrite growth. The symmetric cell can cycle stably for over 6500 h at 0.05 mA cm−2 and over 3000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, with a critical current density of 0.8 mA cm−2 at 25 °C, and the interfacial resistance is significantly reduced to 21.6 Ω from 1095.1 Ω. The full cell coupled with NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 also shows outstanding cycling performance, maintaining 85.1% capacity after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This work demonstrates that the liquid metal interlayer has a large potential for the practical application of solid‐state metal batteries.
Electrocatalytic Valorization of Nitrate and Polyester Plastic for Simultaneous Production of Ammonia and Glycolic Acid
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Song Jiale , Zhang Hugang , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrochemical upcycling of nitrate and polyester plastic into valuable products is an ideal solution to realize the resource utilization. Here, the co‐production of ammonia (NH3) and glycolic acid (GA) via electrochemical upcycling of nitrate and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics over mesoporous Pd3Au film on Ni foam (mPd3Au/NF), which is synthesized by micelle‐assisted replacement method, is proposed. The mPd3Au/NF with well‐developed mesoporous structure provides abundant active sites and facilitated transfer channels and strong electronic effect. As such, the mPd3Au/NF exhibits high Faraday efficiencies of 97.28% and 95.32% at 0.9 V for the formation of NH3 and GA, respectively. Theoretical results indicate that the synergistic effect of Pd and Au can optimize adsorption energy of key intermediates *NOH and *OCH2‐CH2OH on active sites and increase bond energy of C─C band, thereby improving the activity and selectivity for the formation of NH3 and GA. This work proposes a promising strategy for the simultaneous conversation of nitrate and PET plastic into high‐value NH3 and GA.
An approach for mitigating cognitive load in password management by integrating QR codes and steganography
Authors: Balayogi G. , K. S. Kuppusamy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of digital services and the imperative for secure authentication have necessitated the management of an expanding array of passwords, imposing a significant cognitive burden on users. The predominant method for authentication remains the use of passwords. However, a critical issue with this approach is that individuals frequently forget their passwords, particularly when managing multiple accounts. This often results in users creating similar or easily guessable passwords for different accounts or writing them down, compromising security. This article investigates an innovative method to mitigate cognitive burden using steganography‐embedded quick response (QR) codes for streamlined password management. The proposed model, named MASTER (Multi‐device‐based Authentication using STEgged QR Codes), was evaluated for usability using the system usability scale (SUS) and the subjective mental effort scale. The security of the model is evaluated using attack analysis and comparative analysis with image visibility and robustness. The evaluation results indicate that the MASTER model achieved a SUS score of 75.94, with the majority of participants agreeing that the system reduces cognitive effort.
Quercetin alleviates inflammation induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC‐145 cells through the regulation of arachidonic acid and glutamine metabolism
Authors: Guang Qian , Zhang Long‐Ze , Tang Xin , Li Jia‐Kai , Cao Chong , Chen Hong‐Bo , Qiu Long‐Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection causes severe inflammatory response, respiratory disease and sow reproductive failure. Quercetin is among the widely occurring polypheno found abundantly in nature. Quercetin has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative and anti‐viral properties.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of quercetin on PRRSV‐induced inflammation in MARC‐145 cells.MethodsObserving the cytopathic effect and measurements of inflammatory markers in MARC‐145 cells collectively demonstrate that quercetin elicits a curative effect on PRRSV‐induced inflammation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was further used for a non‐targeted metabolic analysis of the role of quercetin in the metabolic regulation of PRRSV inflammation in MARC‐145 cells.ResultsIt was shown that quercetin attenuated PRRSV‐induced cytopathy in MARC‐145 cells. Quercetin treatment inhibited PRRSV replication in MARC‐145 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. We also found that quercetin inhibited PRRSV‐induced mRNA expression and secretion levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6. Metabolomics analysis revealed that quercetin ameliorated PRRSV‐induced inflammation. Pathway analysis results revealed that PRRSV‐induced pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid, glycerophospholipid and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were suppressed by quercetin. Moreover, we confirmed that quercetin inhibited the activation of NF‐κB/p65 pathway, probably by attenuating PLA2, ALOX and COX mRNA expression.ConclusionsThese results provide a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism of quercetin in alleviating PRRSV‐induced inflammation.
Characterization of antimicrobial resistance profiles in Escherichia coli isolated from captive mammals in Ecuador
Authors: Medina Anabell , Vega Yadira , Medina Jennifer , López Rosa N. , Vayas Patricio , Soria Joyce , Velásquez‐Yambay Cristian , Sánchez‐Gavilanes Lissette , Bastidas‐Caldes Carlos , Calero‐Cáceres William 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study focuses on the AMR profiles in E. coli isolated from captive mammals at EcoZoo San Martín, Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador, highlighting the role of wildlife as reservoirs of resistant bacteria.AimsThe aim of this research is to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli strains isolated from various species of captive mammals, emphasizing the potential zoonotic risks and the necessity for integrated AMR management strategies.Materials & MethodsA total of 189 fecal samples were collected from 70 mammals across 27 species. These samples were screened for E. coli, resulting in 90 identified strains. The resistance profiles of these strains to 16 antibiotics, including 10 β‐lactams and 6 non‐β‐lactams, were determined using the disk diffusion method. Additionally, the presence of Extended‐Spectrum Beta‐Lactamase (ESBL) genes and other resistance genes was analyzed using PCR.ResultsSignificant resistance was observed, with 52.22% of isolates resistant to ampicillin, 42.22% to ceftriaxone and cefuroxime, and 27.78% identified as ESBL‐producing E. coli. Multiresistance (resistance to more than three antibiotic groups) was found in 35.56% of isolates. Carnivorous and omnivorous animals, particularly those with prior antibiotic treatments, were more likely to harbor resistant strains.DiscussionThese findings underscore the role of captive mammals as indicators of environmental AMR. The high prevalence of resistant E. coli in these animals suggests that zoos could be significant reservoirs for the spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. The results align with other studies showing that diet and antibiotic treatment history influence resistance profiles.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for an integrated approach involving veterinary care, habitat management, and public awareness to prevent captive wildlife from becoming reservoirs of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Improved waste management practices and responsible antibiotic use are crucial to mitigate the risks of AMR in zoo environments and reduce zoonotic threats.
Exploring the tribological impact of micaceous additives in copper‐free automobile brake friction composites
Authors: Sathyamoorthy G. , Raghunathan Vijay , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart , Singaravelu D. Lenin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the tribological impact of incorporating micaceous additives in copper‐free brake friction composites for automotive applications. Four brake pad formulations were created, each containing different amounts of muscovite and phlogopite, ranging from 0% to 10% by weight. A brake pad comparison was conducted by replacing mica with synthetic barites. The physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties of the fabricated brake friction composite were examined. Tribological features were evaluated through inertia brake dynamometer testing following the JASO‐C‐406 schedule. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis delved into contact plateau formations and back transfer patches on the brake pad's surfaces. Notably, phlogopite‐based pads exhibited enhanced thermal stability and efficient heat dissipation, contributing to sustained tribological performance. Overall, the comprehensive evaluation using the multiple objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA) method positioned phlogopite‐based brake pads as the optimal choice for optimized braking performances.Highlights
Exploration of micaceous additives as an ingredient in brake friction composite.
Phlogopite‐based brake pads showed better fade and recovery performance.
Phlogopite‐based brake pads exhibited low pad wear and rotor wear.
MOORA optimization positioned phlogopite‐based brake pads as the optimal choice.
Shear‐driven flow of an ionic fluid in a narrow vertical channel under a Hall electric field
Authors: Das Sanatan , Karmakar Poly , Ali Asgar , Patra Ruma Rani , Jana Rabindra Nath 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on demonstrating the shear‐driven convective flow of an ionic optically thin fluid in a narrow channel formed by two vertical parallel plates subject to a Hall electric field. The Hall electric field induces Hall currents, amending the flow dynamics of the ionic fluid. The setup involves a stationary left wall and a right wall that either undergoes impulsive motion (IM) or accelerated motion (AM), which initiates the fluid flow. A unified closed‐form solution for flow‐regulating equations is derived by harnessing the Laplace transform (LT) approach. The upshots of cardinal parameters on the velocity components and temperature distributions, shear stresses, and rate of heat transfer (RHT) are elucidated via graphics for both IM and AM scenarios. The graphs reveal that an intensification in the Hall parameter notably boosts the velocity components in both IM and AM cases. The primary and secondary velocities are consistently higher for IM than AM. The magnitude of shear stresses at the moving wall is always greater for IM than AM. Additionally, the shear stresses at the moving wall are notably greater for IM than AM, and the RHT at the moving wall reduces as the radiation parameter amplifies. The significant findings of this research have potential applications in electromagnetic propulsion systems, like plasma or ion thrusters, commonly employed in propelling spacecraft.
Radlogistik und ihre Wirkung auf Verkehr, Umwelt und Stadtentwicklung
Authors: Knese Dennis 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungMit den zunehmenden Mengen im Wirtschaftsverkehr, die u. a. durch die steigende Zahl von Online-Bestellungen einhergehen, nehmen auch die potenziell negativen Wirkungen auf Klima- und Umweltaspekte zu. Die Radlogistik bietet Potenzial, diese Negativeffekte zu reduzieren, wenn dadurch Kfz-Fahrten ersetzt werden, da beim Transport mit Fahrrädern und Lastenrädern weniger Treibhausgase, Luftschadstoffe und Lärm emittiert werden. Zudem sinken der Flächenverbrauch, die Staugefahr und das Risiko von Unfällen mit schwerwiegenden Folgen für die Verkehrsteilnehmenden. Genaue Wirkungsabschätzungen liegen bislang nur begrenzt vor und fallen je nach Anwendungskontext und lokalen Rahmenbedingungen unterschiedlich aus.
Treiber und Hemmnisse der Radlogistik
Authors: Gruber Johannes , Bachmann Robin 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag befasst sich tiefer gehend mit den von Nutzenden wahrgenommenen Treibern und Hemmnissen der gewerblichen Lastenradnutzung, ihrer Veränderung im Zeitverlauf und den dahinterliegenden Faktorenstrukturen. Damit können Barrieren für die weitere Verbreitung der Radlogistik identifiziert und Implikationen für Politik und Lastenradhersteller abgeleitet werden.
Gewerblicher Einsatz von Lastenrädern – Vielfalt der Nutzungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Gruber Johannes , Plener Martin , Rudolph Christian , Seiffert Robert 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Vielfalt der Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von Lastenrädern im gewerblichen Einsatz, welche sich am stetig wachsenden Interesse von privatwirtschaftlichen und öffentlichen Organisationen an der Lastenradnutzung zeigt. Am Beispiel der rund 750 Teilnehmenden an einem deutschlandweiten Lastenrad-Testprogramm werden gewerbliche Nutzer charakterisiert. Des Weiteren bietet der Beitrag einen Vorschlag zur Segmentierung der äußerst heterogenen Anwendungsfelder, die sich nicht nur auf Logistik- und Dienstleistungsbranchen beschränken.
On the anomaly interpretation of amplitudes in self-dual Yang-Mills and gravity
Authors: Doran George , Monteiro Ricardo , Wikeley Sam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate the integrability anomalies arising in the self-dual sectors of gravity and Yang-Mills theory, focusing on their connection to both the chiral anomaly and the trace anomaly. The anomalies in the self-dual sectors generate the one-loop all-plus amplitudes of gravitons and gluons, and have recently been studied via twistor constructions. On the one hand, we show how they can be interpreted as an anomaly of the chiral U(1) electric-magnetic-type duality in the self-dual sectors. We also note the similarity, for the usual fermionic chiral anomaly, between the 4D setting of self-dual Yang-Mills and the 2D setting of the Schwinger model. On the other hand, the anomalies in the self-dual theories also resemble the trace anomaly, sharing the same type of non-local effective action. We highlight the role of a Weyl-covariant fourth-order differential operator familiar from the trace anomaly literature, which (i) explains the conformal properties of the one-loop amplitudes, and (ii) indicates how this story may be extended to non-trivial spacetime backgrounds, e.g. with a cosmological constant. Moving beyond the self-dual sectors, and focusing on the gravity case, we comment on an intriguing connection to the two-loop ultraviolet divergence of pure gravity, whereby cancelling the anomaly at one-loop eliminates the two-loop divergence for the simplest helicity amplitudes.
Mobilität, Autofahren und funktionale Kompetenz bei älteren Menschen – Ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer Längsschnittstudie zur Alterung urbaner Kohorten (LUCAS)
Authors: von Renteln-Kruse Wolfgang , Püschel Klaus 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungMobilität ist auch im höheren Alter maßgeblich für die selbstständige Lebensführung. Ältere Menschen beginnen bei geringerer körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit (Gebrechlichkeit, engl. Frailty) ihren persönlichen Aktionsradius auf das nähere Wohnumfeld und schließlich die unmittelbare Häuslichkeit zu begrenzen. Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates, neurologische, psychische, kognitive, Sinnes- oder Kreislaufstörungen können die funktionale Kompetenz (Fähigkeit, unabhängig zu leben) einschränken.In einer Längsschnittstudie zur Alterung urbaner Kohorten (LUCAS), aus der in diesem Artikel ausgewählte Ergebnisse berichtet werden, wurden die Teilnehmenden mittels des LUCAS-Funktions-Index unterschiedlichen Funktionsklassen zugeordnet (Robust, postRobust, preFrail und Frail). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zunehmende Verluste funktionaler Kompetenz mit abnehmender Mobilität und weniger häufigem selbstständigen Autofahren verknüpft waren. Beeinträchtigungen der Mobilität engten den Aktionsradius ein.Das Ziel der gesundheitlichen Versorgung im Alter ist es, Unabhängigkeit und Lebensqualität der Menschen lange zu erhalten. Autofahren ist ein wichtiger Teil der Alltagsaktivitäten älterer Menschen. Deshalb sollte insbesondere hausärztlich auch regelmäßig wiederholt die Frage nach dem Autofahren gestellt werden, denn präventive Maßnahmen zum Erhalt funktionaler Gesundheit dienen auch dem Erhalt der Fahreignung älterer Menschen.
Cholestasis after Kasai operation predicts portal hypertension in native liver survivors of biliary atresia: a multicenter study
Authors: Chung Patrick Ho Yu , Harumatsu Toshio , Nakagawa Yoichi , Tsuboi Koichi , Chan Edwin Kin Wai , Leung Michael Wai Yip , Yeung Fanny , Muto Mitsuru , Kawano Takafumi , Amano Hizuru , Shirota Chiyoe , Nakamura Hiroki , Koga Hiroyuki , Miyano Go , Yamataka Atsuyuki , Ieiri Satoshi , Uchida Hiroo , Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated portal hypertension (PHT) and its predictors among native liver survivors (NLS) of biliary atresia (BA) after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE).

Methods
This was a multicenter study using prospectively collected data. The subjects were patients who remained transplant-free for 5 years after KPE. Their status of PHT was evaluated and variables that predicted PHT were determined by regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
Six centers from East Asia participated in this study and 320 subjects with KPE between 1980 to 2018 were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 10.6 ± 6.2 years. At the 5th year after KPE, PHT was found in 37.8% of the subjects (n = 121). Patients with KPE done before day 41 of life had the lowest percentage of PHT compared to operation at older age. At 12 months after KPE, PHT + ve subjects had a higher bilirubin level (27.1 ± 11.7 vs 12.3 ± 7.9 µmol/L, p = 0.000) and persistent jaundice conferred a higher risk for PHT (OR = 12.9 [9.2–15.4], p = 0.000). ROC analysis demonstrated that a bilirubin level above 38 µmol/L at 12 months after KPE predicted PHT development (sensitivity: 78%, specificity: 60%, AUROC: 0.75).

Conclusions
In BA, early KPE protects against the development of PHT among NLSs. Patients with persistent cholestasis at one year after KPE are at a higher risk of this complication. They should receive a more vigilant follow-up.

Level of evidence
Level III
Quantitative stakeholder-driven assessment of radiation protection issues via a PIANOFORTE online survey
Authors: Groma Veronika , Madas Balázs , Rauser Florian , Birschwilks Mandy , Blume Andreas , Real Almudena , Murakas Rein , Michalik Boguslaw , Paiva Isabel , Sjømoen Tone-Mette , Tkaczyk Alan H. , Popic Jelena Mrdakovic 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo enhance stakeholder engagement and foster the inclusion of interests of citizens in radiation protection research, a comprehensive online survey was developed within the framework of the European Partnership PIANOFORTE. This survey was performed in 2022 and presented an opportunity for a wide range of stakeholders to voice their opinions on research priorities in radiation protection for the foreseeable future. Simultaneously, it delved into pertinent issues surrounding general radiation protection. The PIANOFORTE e-survey was conducted in the English language, accommodating a diverse range of participants. Overall, 440 respondents provided their insights and feedback, representing a broad geographical reach encompassing 29 European countries, as well as Canada, China, Colombia, India, and the United States. To assess the outcomes, the Positive Matrix Factorization numerical model was applied, in addition to qualitative and quantitative assessment of individual responses, enabling the discernment of four distinct stakeholder groups with varying attitudes. While the questionnaire may not fully represent all stakeholders due to the limited respondent pool, it is noteworthy that approximately 70% of the participants were newcomers to comparable surveys, demonstrating a proactive attitude, a strong willingness to collaborate and the necessity to continuously engage with stakeholder groups. Among the individual respondents, distinct opinions emerged particularly regarding health effects of radiation exposure, medical use of radiation, radiation protection of workers and the public, as well as emergency and recovery preparedness and response. In cluster analysis, none of the identified groups had clear preferences concerning the prioritization of future radiation protection research topics.