bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of psoriatic arthritis classification criteria in Turkish patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Nas Kemal , Karkucak Murat , Durmuş Bekir , Ulu Mehmet Ali , Karatay Saliha , Çapkin Erhan , Ulusoy Hasan , Gülkesen Arif , Sula Bilal , Akgöl Gürkan , Çevik Remzi , Özgöçmen Salih 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate performance of some of the published psoriatic arthritis (PsA) classification criteria as well as Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA) in Turkish patients with PsA (in early and late disease subgroups).MethodsPatients were recruited using case report forms and physical examination methods proposed by the Anatolian Group for the Assessment in Rheumatic Diseases (ANGARD). The Moll and Wright (MW), modified Fournie (MF), modified McGonagle (mMG), Vasey and Espinoza (VE), classification of PsA (CASPAR) criteria and ASAS criteria were assessed in patients with PsA who were diagnosed based on expert opinion.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐eight patients with PsA (58 male, 70 female, mean age 41.8 years) were included. Thirty patients were in the early PsA and 98 patients were in the late PsA groups. Diagnostic delay was 2.6 years. In the 15.6% of patients arthritis developed before the skin findings. The proportion of patients fulfilling the MW, MF, mMG, VE, CASPAR and ASAS criteria were at a ratio of 90.6%, 82.8%, 62.5%, 84.4%, 96.1% and 76.5%, respectively. In early PsA (< 12 months disease duration) the proportions were 93.4%, 83.3%, 76.7%, 76.7%, 96.7% and 66.6%, respectively. On the other hand, in late PsA the proportions were 89.8%, 82.6%, 57.1%, 86.7%, 95.9%, 79.5%, respectively.ConclusionsEven though the sensitivity of PsA classification criteria in Turkish patients changes, the CASPAR criteria seems to be more prominent among all criteria for both early and late cases with its high sensitivity.
Genetic biomarkers of the sterol‐biosynthetic pathway in microalgae
Authors: Villanueva Laura , Rijpstra W. Irene C. , Schouten Stefan , Damsté Jaap S. Sinninghe 
Published: October 2013

SummarySterols are cyclic isoprenoid lipids present in all eukaryotes. These compounds have been used to determine the composition of algal communities in marine and lake environments, and because of their preservation potential have been used to reconstruct the evolution of eukaryotes. In the last years, there have been major advances in understanding the sterol biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes involved. Here, we have explored the diversity and phylogenetic distribution of the gene coding the cycloartenol synthase (CS), a key enzyme of the phytosterol biosynthetic pathway. We propose a gene‐based approach that can be used to assess the sterol‐forming potential of algal groups. CS coding gene was annotated in genomes of microalgae using protein homology with previously annotated CS sequences. Primers for the detection of CS gene sequences of diatoms, one of the most dominant groups of microalgae, were designed and evaluated in cultures and environmental samples. A comparison of the phylogeny of the recovered CS sequences in combination with sequence data of the gene rbcL coding for the large subunit of the ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) demonstrates the potential of the CS gene as phylogenetic marker, as well as an indicator for the identity of sterol‐producing organisms in the environment.
Co‐occurrence of phycocyanin‐ and phycoerythrin‐rich Synechococcus in subtropical estuarine and coastal waters of Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Jing Hongmei , Wong Thomas H. C. , Chen Bingzhang 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPhylogenetic diversity of Synechococcus with different pigmentation in subtropical estuarine and coastal waters of Hong Kong was revealed by the phylogeny of cpcBA and cpeBA operons encoding for phycocyanin (PC) and phycoerythrin (PE). Synechococcus containing only PC (PC‐rich Synechococcus) dominated at the estuarine station in summer, whereas PE‐rich marine Synechococcus containing both PC and PE (PE‐rich Synechococcus) dominated in the coastal waters. Our PC sequences are closely related to freshwater strains but differed from Baltic Sea strains, implying that they were from river discharge. Among PE‐rich Synechococcus, clones grouping with strains containing only phycoerythrobilin (PEB‐only) were abundant in July, while clones grouping with strains possessing a low content of phycourobilin (PUB) in addition to PEB (low PUB/PEB) were more abundant in January at both stations. Clones of high PUB/PEB types were only presented at the coastal station, but were not detected at the estuarine station. The much higher diversity of both PC‐rich and PE‐rich Synechococcus, as compared with the Baltic Sea, and the occurrence of the high PUB/PEB strains indicate the high dynamic nature of this subtropical estuarine‐coastal environment with strong mixing of water masses ranging from Pearl River plume to oceanic South China Sea water. Our results of phylogenetic study agreed well with flow cytometric counts, which revealed the coexistence of PC‐rich and PE‐rich Synechococcus in the subtropical coastal waters and the dominance of the former type in the estuarine waters during summer high freshwater discharge. These results indicate that picocyanobacteria, particularly PC‐rich Synechococcus, which has long been overlooked, are an important part of the primary production, and they could play an important role in the microbial food web in estuarine ecosystems.
The Influence of Ownership and Compensation Practices on Charitable Activities
Authors: Eldenburg Leslie G. , Gaertner Fabio B. , Goodman Theodore H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecent accounting research provides evidence that similar profit‐based compensation incentives are used in for‐profit and nonprofit hospitals. Because charity care reduces profits, such incentives should lead for‐profit hospital managers to reduce charity care levels. Nonprofit hospital managers, however, may respond differently to the same incentives because they face a different set of institutional pressures and constraints. We compare the association between pay‐for‐performance incentives and charity care in for‐profit and nonprofit hospitals. We find a negative and significant association between charity care and our proxy for profit‐based incentives in for‐profit hospitals, and no significant association in nonprofit hospitals. These results suggest that linking manager pay to profitability does not appear to discourage charity care in nonprofit hospitals. Apparently, the nonprofit mission, institutional pressures, and ownership constraints moderate the potentially negative effects of profit‐based incentives. Because this evidence partially alleviates concerns over nonprofit compensation arrangements that mirror those used in for‐profit hospitals, it should be of interest to regulators and policymakers. In addition, this study provides insights into accounting researchers about institutional and organizational influences that affect managerial responses to financial incentives in compensation contracts.
The Effect of Using a Lattice Model to Estimate Reported Option Values
Authors: Bratten Brian , Jennings Ross , Schwab Casey M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStatement of Financial Accounting Standards 123R suggests that lattice valuation models may improve the estimates of reported employee stock option values relative to the more commonly used Black–Scholes (BS) model. However, lattice model critics have expressed concerns that managers may use lattice models' flexibility to opportunistically understate option values. In this study, we investigate a sample of firms that recently adopted a lattice model to value employee stock options to provide evidence on this issue by identifying the determinants of lattice model adoption and examining the effect of lattice model use on reported option values. We report three main results. First, we find that firms are more likely to adopt a lattice model when it is more likely to produce lower values than the BS model and when managers have incentives to lower stock option expense. Second, we find that firms adopting a lattice model increase understatement of reported option values more than firms that continue to use the BS model and that the incremental understatement is due to use of the lattice model. Third, we conduct several tests to examine whether the valuation effect of lattice model use is consistent with efforts to correct for documented shortcomings in the BS model and find no evidence that this is the case. Taken together, the evidence in this study suggests that firms adopt and implement lattice models primarily to lower reported option values.
Financial Accounting Effects of Tax Aggressiveness: Contracting and Measurement
Authors: de Waegenaere Anja , Sansing Richard , Wielhouwer Jacco L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examines a setting in which a tax‐reporting decision is delegated to a firm's tax manager. Using financial accounting measures of tax expense to evaluate the tax manager allows the firm to efficiently attain the level of tax avoidance it prefers, despite the fact that the consequences of the tax‐reporting decision will occur in the future. The study also examines how well two accounting measures of tax aggressiveness — cash taxes paid and the unrecognized tax benefit — distinguish between conservative and aggressive firms.
Managers' Discretionary Adjustments: The Influence of Uncontrollable Events and Compensation Interdependence
Authors: Bol Jasmijn C. , Hecht Gary , Smith Steven D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDiscretionary bonus adjustments allow managers to restore the alignment of employee effort and compensation when bonus amounts are based on noisy objective performance measures. The implications of discretionary adjustments for employees' future efforts and fairness perceptions present important trade‐offs for managers to consider. Adjustments may be used to motivate different types of effort in future periods, but may also create perceptions of unfairness among employees who are not affected by negative events. This study examines the joint influence of the likelihood of future negative uncontrollable events and compensation interdependence (i.e., the extent to which one employee's compensation influences others' compensation) on managers' willingness to make adjustments for the effect of a negative uncontrollable event on a single employee. In our experiment, we manipulate the likelihood of future uncontrollable events and whether bonuses are determined individually or are drawn from a shared bonus pool. Results show that managers are less willing to adjust when the likelihood of future events is high to avoid setting a precedent, thereby motivating employees to adapt to changing conditions. We also find that managers are less willing to adjust, regardless of event likelihood, when compensation interdependence is high, to avoid demotivating unaffected employees. Finally, we find that participants' general attitudes toward compensation significantly influence their adjustment decisions beyond the effects of our independent variables. Our results highlight the unique nature of discretionary adjustments, help explain findings from previous research, and demonstrate important considerations managers must make when using the flexibility provided to them in pay‐for‐performance contracts.
Legal Regime and Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: Filip Andrei , Labelle Réal , Rousseau Stéphane 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article uses the Canadian environment, where French civil law (FCL) in the province of Quebec coexists with common law (CL) in the Rest of Canada (denoted as bijural), to test the thesis of the neutrality of the legal system with regard to financial reporting quality (FRQ). This single‐country design allows for a better control over other factors that influence FRQ. The FCL environment appears to encourage firms to publish accounting data of better quality due to the greater liability risk faced by auditors and corporate directors under that regime. These findings, based on 10 years of data and seven attributes of FRQ, are robust to different matching procedures and model specifications. This research contributes to the current debates in Canada as to whether financial market regulation under FCL and CL jurisdictions should be unified under a single CL national securities regulator. At the broader level, the results support claims that a more in‐depth understanding of the implementation of civil law and CL is needed rather than gross generalization about the two systems. These results especially call into question that CL regimes are unambiguously superior to civil law regimes in encouraging high‐quality financial reports.
Animal social network inference and permutations for ecologists in R using asnipe
Authors: Farine Damien R. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

The sampling of animals for the purpose of measuring associations and interactions between individuals has led to the development of several statistical methods to deal with biases inherent in these data. However, these methods are typically computationally intensive and complex to implement.

Here, I provide a software package that supports a range of these analyses in the R statistical computing environment. This package includes a novel approach to estimating re‐association rates of time between frequently sampled individuals.

I include extended demonstration of the syntax and examples of the ability for this software to interface with existing network analysis packages in R.

This bridges a gap in the tools that are available to biologists wishing to analyse animal social networks in R.
Compound Poisson‐gamma vs. delta‐gamma to handle zero‐inflated continuous data under a variable sampling volume
Authors: Lecomte Jean‐Baptiste , Benoît Hugues P. , Ancelet Sophie , Etienne Marie‐Pierre , Bel Liliane , Parent Eric 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Ecological data such as biomasses often present a high proportion of zeros with possible skewed positive values. The Delta‐Gamma (DG) approach, which models separately the presence–absence and the positive biomass, is commonly used in ecology. A less commonly known alternative is the compound Poisson‐gamma (CPG) approach, which essentially mimics the process of capturing clusters of biomass during a sampling event.

Regardless of the approach, the effort involved in obtaining a sample (henceforth called the sampling volume, but could also include swept areas, sampling durations, etc.), which can potentially be quite variable between samples, needs to be taken into account when modelling the resulting sample biomass. This is achieved empirically for the DG approach (using a generalized linear model with sampling volume as a covariate), and theoretically for the CPG approach (by scaling a parameter of the model). In this study, the consequences of this disparity between approaches were explored first using theoretical arguments, then using simulations and finally by applying the approaches to catch data from a commercial groundfish trawl fishery.

The simulation study results point out that the DG approach can lead to poor estimates when far from standard idealized sampling assumptions. On the contrary, the CPG approach is much more robust to variable sampling conditions, confirming theoretical predictions. These results were confirmed by the case study for which model performances were weaker for the DG.

Given the results, care must be taken when choosing an approach for dealing with zero‐inflated continuous data. The DG approach, which is easily implemented using standard statistical softwares, works well when the sampling volume variability is small. However, better results were obtained with the CPG model when dealing with variable sampling volumes.
Prevalence, thresholds and the performance of presence–absence models
Authors: Lawson Callum R. , Hodgson Jenny A. , Wilson Robert J. , Richards Shane A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe use of species distribution models to understand and predict species' distributions necessitates tests of fit to empirical data. Numerous performance metrics have been proposed, many of which require continuous occurrence probabilities to be converted to binary ‘present or absent’ predictions using threshold transformations. It is widely accepted that both continuous and binary performance metrics should be independent of prevalence (the proportion of locations that are occupied). However, because these metrics have been mostly assessed on a case‐specific basis, there are few general guidelines for measuring performance.Here, we develop a conceptual framework for classifying performance metrics, based on whether they are sensitive to prevalence, and whether they require binary predictions. We use this framework to investigate how these performance metric properties influence the predictions made by the models they select.A literature survey reveals that binary metrics are widely employed and that prevalence‐independent metrics are used more frequently than prevalence‐dependent metrics. However, we show that prevalence‐dependent metrics are essential to assess the numerical accuracy of model predictions and are more useful in applications that require occupancy estimates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in comparison with continuous metrics, binary metrics often select models that have reduced ability to separate presences from absences, make predictions which over‐ or underestimate occupancy and give misleading estimates of uncertainty. Importantly, models selected using binary metrics will often be of reduced practical use even when applied to ecological problems that require binary decision‐making.We suggest thatSDMperformance should be assessed using prevalence‐dependent performance metrics whenever the absolute values of occurrence predictions are important and that continuous metrics should be used instead of binary metrics whenever possible. We thus recommend the wider application of prevalence‐dependent continuous metrics, particularly likelihood‐based metrics such as Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), to assess the performance of presence–absence models.
Nursing Diagnoses Among Kidney Transplant Recipients: Evidence From Clinical Practice
Authors: Ferreira Stephani Amanda Lukasewicz , Echer Isabel Cristina , Lucena Amália de Fátima 
Published: October 2013

PurposeIdentify the nursing diagnoses applied to kidney transplant recipients at a Brazilian hospital.MethodsCross‐sectional study with a study sample of 165 patients who underwent transplant from January 2007 through January 2009.ConclusionsSix nursing diagnoses were most prevalent among kidney transplant recipients in the postoperative period: risk for infection, impaired urinary elimination, ineffective protection, bathing self‐care deficit, impaired tissue integrity, and acute pain.Implications for Nursing PracticeProvide information on the priority health needs of these patients and reinforced the importance of the proper development of the nursing care plan.ObjetivoIdentificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem aplicados à receptores de transplante de rim em um hospital brasileiro.MétodosEstudo transversal com uma amostra de 165 pacientes submetidos ao transplante entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2009.ConclusõesSeis diagnósticos de enfermagem foram mais prevalentes entre os receptores de transplante de rim no período pós‐operatório: Risco de infecção, Eliminação urinária prejudicada, Proteção ineficaz, Déficit no auto‐cuidado: banho, Integridade tissular prejudicada e Dor aguda.Implicações Para a Prática de EnfermagemProver informações sobre as necessidades prioritárias desses pacientes e reforçar a importância do desenvolvimento adequado de um plano de cuidados de enfermagem.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates telomerase
Authors: Zhou Junzhi , Mao Beibei , Zhou Qi , Ding Deqiang , Wang Miao , Guo Peng , Gao Yuhao , Shay Jerry W. , Yuan Zengqiang , Cong Yu‐Sheng 
Published: October 2013

SummaryTelomerase contributes to cell proliferation and survival through both telomere‐dependent and telomere‐independent mechanisms. In this report, we discovered that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transiently activates the catalytic components of telomerase (TERT) expression in human cancer cell lines and murine primary neural cells. Importantly, we show that depletion of hTERT sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis under ER stress, whereas increased hTERT expression reduces ER stress‐induced cell death independent of catalytically active enzyme or DNA damage signaling. Our findings establish a functional link between ER stress and telomerase, both of which have important implications in the pathologies associated with aging and cancer.
Acute Alcohol Response Phenotype in Heavy Social Drinkers is Robust and Reproducible
Authors: Roche Daniel J. O. , Palmeri Michael D. , King Andrea C. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundIn 3 previously published works (Brumback et al., 2007, Drug Alcohol Depend 91:10–17; King et al., 2011a, Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:389–399; Roche and King, 2010, Psychopharmacology (Berl) 212:33–44), our group characterized acute alcohol responses in a large group of young, heavy binge drinkers (n = 104) across a variety of subjective, eye‐tracking, and psychometric performance measures.MethodsThe primary goal of the current study was to directly replicate prior findings of alcohol response in heavy social drinkers (HD) in a second independent cohort (n = 104) using identical methodology. A secondary goal was to examine the effects of family history (FH) of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on acute alcohol response in both samples. Participants attended 2 randomized laboratory sessions in which they consumed 0.8 g/kg alcohol or a taste‐masked placebo. At pre‐ and post‐drink time points, participants completed subjective scales, psychomotor performance and eye‐movement tasks, and provided salivary samples for cortisol determination.ResultsResults showed that the second cohort of heavy drinkers exhibited a nearly identical pattern of alcohol responses to the original cohort, including sensitivity to alcohol's stimulating and hedonically rewarding effects during the rising breath alcohol content (BrAC) limb, increases in sedation during the declining BrAC limb, a lack of cortisol response, and psychomotor and eye‐tracking impairment that was most evident at peak BrAC. The magnitude and temporal pattern of these acute effects of alcohol in the second cohort were similar to the first cohort across all measures, with the exception of 3 eye‐movement measures: pro‐ and antisaccade accuracy and antisaccade velocity. FH of AUD did not affect alcohol response in the first cohort, and this was replicated in the second cohort.ConclusionsIn sum, in 2 independent samples, we have demonstrated that HD display a consistent and reliable sensitivity to alcohol's subjective effects and impairment of eye‐tracking and psychomotor performance, which is not affected by FH status. This acute alcohol response phenotype in heavy, frequent binge drinkers appears to be robust and reproducible.