bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morris Hansen Lecture 2023: Model Selection and Its Important Roles in Surveys
Authors: Jiang Jiming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We discuss some fundamental issues regarding the roles that statistical models play in surveys. Many survey applications “borrow strength” from statistical models such as regression models and mixed effects models, even though these popular statistical models rarely hold exactly, if at all, in the real world. Yet, the idea of borrowing strength carries on, and the practice proves to be useful in many cases. We discuss basic ideas of borrowing strength via a statistical model and suggest practical criteria for evaluating a model, knowing that it is likely to be incorrect in a strict sense. Furthermore, we discuss a model selection strategy, known as the fence methods, which can incorporate practical interests into the selection criterion. Examples are used for illustration. Further remarks on challenging problems are offered.
Isolation and identification of antimicrobial multicyclic terpenoids from the medicinal plant Salvia officinalis and development of a formulation against clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains
Authors: Purgato Gislaine Aparecida , Píccolo Mayra Soares , Moreira Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo , Pizziolo Virgínia Ramos , Diaz-Muñoz Gaspar , Rossi Ciro César , Diaz Marisa Alves Nogueira 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, particularly multi-drug resistant strains, presents significant challenges in dairy farming due to its role in causing bovine mastitis, which leads to substantial economic losses and limited treatment options. Seeking alternative therapies, we investigated the potential of a topical formulation derived from the medicinal herb Salvia officinalis to combat S. aureus growth and biofilms associated with bovine mastitis. Through systematic extraction in different solvents and fractionation by column chromatography, we isolated and identified three key multicyclic terpenoids—ferruginol, sugiol, and sclareol—exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity. The formulation effectively inhibited biofilm formation, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.09 to 0.74 mg ml−1 against clinical S. aureus strains, comparable to or lower than those of the pure compounds. Moreover, it displayed robust anti-adhesive properties, reducing biofilm formation by 20%–79% at subinhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, the formulation successfully disrupted pre-existing biofilms, achieving reductions ranging from 30% to 82%. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed the safety of the formulation on mammary epithelial cells, with cell viability maintained at 100% at MIC. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of Sa. officinalis-derived compounds in managing bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus, emphasizing their antimicrobial efficacy and safety profile.
Two successive EUV waves and a transverse oscillation of a quiescent prominence
Authors: Zhang Q M , Lin M S , Yan X L , Dai J , Hou Z Y , Li Y , Qiu Y 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we carry out multiwavelength observations of two successive extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) waves originating from active region (AR) NOAA 13575 and a transverse oscillation of a columnar quiescent prominence on 2024 February 9. A hot channel eruption generates an X3.4 class flare and the associated full-halo coronal mass ejection (CME), which drives the first EUV wave front (WF1) at a speed of $\sim$835 km s$^{-1}$. WF1 propagates in the south-east direction and interacts with the prominence, causing an eastward displacement of the prominence immediately. Then, a second EUV wave front (WF2) is driven by a coronal jet at a speed of $\sim$831 km s$^{-1}$. WF2 follows WF1 and decelerates from $\sim$788 to $\sim$603 km s$^{-1}$ before arriving at and touching the prominence. After reaching the maximum displacement, the prominence turns back and swings for 1–3 cycles. The transverse oscillation of horizontal polarization is most evident in 304 Å. The initial displacement amplitude, velocity in the plane of the sky, period, and damping time fall in the ranges of 12–34 Mm, 65–143 km s$^{-1}$, 18–27 min, and 33–108 min, respectively. There are strong correlations among the initial amplitude, velocity, period, and height of the prominence. Surprisingly, the oscillation is also detected in 1600 Å, which is totally in phase with that in 304 Å.
Optimal Resilience in Multitier Supply Chains
Authors: Grossman Gene M , Helpman Elhanan , Sabal Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Forward-looking investments determine the resilience of firms’ supply chains. Such investments confer externalities on other firms in the production network. We compare the equilibrium and optimal allocations in a general equilibrium model with an arbitrary number of vertical production tiers. Our model features endogenous investments in protective capabilities, endogenous formation of supply links, and sequential bargaining over quantities and payments between firms in successive tiers. We derive policies that implement the first-best allocation, allowing for subsidies to input purchases, network formation, and investments in protective capabilities. The first-best policies depend only on production function parameters of the pertinent tier. When subsidies to transactions are infeasible, the second-best subsidies for resilience depend on production function parameters throughout the network, and subsidies are larger upstream than downstream whenever the bargaining weights of buyers are nonincreasing along the chain.
Local IPOs and household stock market participation
Authors: Jiang Feng , Lowry Michelle , Qian Yiming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The decrease in companies going public has received widespread attention, and the associated costs are widely debated. We document that high local initial public offering (IPO) activity leads to increases in stock market participation of 5–6 percent. This is striking, given that such participation represents a key factor toward building wealth. Local IPOs increase both households’ propensity to own stock and their percent equity holdings. The attention channel drives effects: local IPOs attract attention to the market, through increased information production and publicity. The wealth channel has little influence, consistent with local IPOs not generating wealth shocks for most households.
Sex-specific age-related worsening of pathological endotypic traits in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Hang Liang-Wen , Tsai Yi-Chen , Finnsson Eysteinn , Ágústsson Jón S , Sands Scott A , Cheng Wan-Ju 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more prevalent in men and older adults. Few studies have explored variations in pathological endotypic traits by age and sex using a large patient sample, offering insights into the development of the disease. Our study aims to examine how endotype characteristics of OSA vary across ages in different sex.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 2296 adult patients referred for in-laboratory diagnostic polysomnography at a single sleep center in Taiwan. Among them, 1374 had an apnea–hypopnea index ≥5. Using the “Phenotyping Using Polysomnography” method, we estimated four endotypic traits—arousal threshold, upper airway collapsibility, loop gain, and upper airway muscle compensation. Demographic and polysomnographic characteristics were compared between sexes and age groups. Generalized linear regression and generalized additive models were employed to explore the associations of sex and age with endotypic traits.

Results
Men with OSA exhibited higher collapsibility and lower compensation than women (difference: 4.32 %eupnea and 4.49 %eupnea, respectively). Younger patients with OSA had a higher prevalence of obesity, more snoring symptoms, and lower loop gain compared to older patients. For men, age was correlated with increased collapsibility, increased loop gain, and decreased arousal threshold after 37 years old. Whereas in women, endotypic traits were not associated with age, except for an increase in loop gain with advancing age.

Conclusions
Personalized treatment options for OSA should take into consideration age and sex. Reducing loop gain could be a treatment objective for older patients with OSA.
Electronic enforcement in the digital era: Themis without a sword
Authors: Lozada Nicolás , Talero Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digital transformation, prompting businesses to expedite the digitization of customer interactions. However, enforcing digital obligations faces challenges in judicial systems, with courts hesitating due to public policy concerns and issues related to unconscionability. This article explores the landscape of enforcing digital obligations, providing an explanation of the types of enforcements that can be used to this purpose. The article questions the suitability of the judicial stage and explores alternative external mechanisms like online dispute resolution (ODR) systems and specifical cases of study. Lastly, the article analyses internal solutions for enforcement that can be encompassed into contractual, social, or State-sponsored solutions and delivers a practical example of these types of systems.
The update obligation for smart products under the EU Sale of Goods Directive: the seller’s right of redress and the CISG
Authors: Kryla-Cudna Katarzyna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article examines the issue of the overlap between the 1980 UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the rules governing the final seller’s right of redress adopted in the European Union’s (EU) 2019 Sale of Goods Directive (SGD). In this context, the article focuses on the seller’s update obligation introduced by the SGD. Under the SGD, the final seller has an obligation to ensure that the consumer who purchases goods with digital elements is supplied with the updates that are necessary for the goods to perform their functions. This update obligation has been imposed on the final seller even though they are normally not the party responsible for the supply of updates. It has been assumed that the interests of the final seller are sufficiently protected if they are granted a right of redress against the persons liable in the distribution chain. However, this article argues that the right of redress may not be available to the final seller in cases in which the CISG applies to the contract based on which they purchased the goods from their supplier. Still, this article argues that, even though the text of the CISG was finalized in 1980, the Convention can accommodate the seller’s update obligation as understood under the SGD. Nevertheless, the interests of the final seller cannot be satisfactorily protected because of limits imposed by Article 39(2) of the CISG.
“When You’re in It, It Feels Like It’s Everything”: Medical Students’ Experience of Failure and Remediation in the United States and the Netherlands
Authors: Mills Lynnea M. , Stenfors Terese , Duffy Melissa , Young John Q. , Boscardin Christy , ten Cate Olle , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Medical training institutions worldwide must be prepared to remediate struggling learners, but there is little empirical evidence around learners’ perspectives on remediation efforts. Research shows that emotion has a significant effect on learning, but it has not been well studied in remediation in medical education. Given the high stakes of remediation, understanding more about learners’ emotional experience could lead to improvements in remediation programs. This study aimed to explore medical students’ emotional experience of failure and remediation to offer opportunities to improve remediation.

Method
This study is a thematic analysis of data collected from July to September 2022 from one-to-one interviews with students from 4 institutions (2 in the United States and 2 in the Netherlands) who had not met expectations on 1 or more medical school assessment(s). Interview questions explored students’ experiences with learning of and responding to a performance that was below expected standards, with probes around any mentions of emotions.

Results
Fourteen students participated: 9 from schools in the United States and 5 from schools in the Netherlands. The students perceived the failure and remediation event to be highly significant, reflecting negatively on their suitability for a career as a physician. We identified 5 themes: (1) shame was pervasive and only retrospectively perceived as unwarranted; (2) self-doubt was common and weighty; (3) resentment, blame, and other external-facing emotions were present but softened over time; (4) worry and stress related to perceived career effect differed across countries; and (5) students had mixed emotional reactions to the remediation process.

Conclusions
Medical students have strong emotional responses to failure and remediation. Expecting and considering emotions such as shame, self-doubt, and anger could help educators design better remediation programs. Differences across countries may be at least partially explained by different degrees of time variability and flexibility within the curricula.
Ophthalmologic Symptoms in a Patient With Autosomal Dominant Multicentric Carpotarsal Osteolysis
Authors: Nijs Jeffrey , Debeuf Valérie , Van Eijgen Jan , Delbeke Heleen 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this case report was to provide a detailed description of the ocular manifestations, in a patient with multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis (MCTO), with particular emphasis on bilateral corneal opacities.

Methods:
A 43-year-old woman with a history of MCTO was followed with visual acuity assessment and slit-lamp examination at the Department of Ophthalmology in the University Hospitals of Leuven.

Results:
The patient was found to have bilateral subepithelial haze, along with anterior stromal corneal opacities, and small central lens opacities upon examination. There was a slight corneal thickening. A progression of the corneal opacities was observed, without a further drop in visual acuity.

Conclusions:
This case report shows a rare association between MCTO and corneal opacities in adulthood. Interdisciplinary care involving an ophthalmologist is beneficiary for patients with MCTO.
Recurrence of spinal schwannomas in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report
Authors: Bhandari Hardik , Dahal Alok , Khadka Grishma 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and importance:
Spinal schwannomas are benign tumors usually attached to peripheral nerves, consisting of a clonal population of Schwann cells. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder that predominantly affects the skin, bone and nervous system. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a clinically and genetically distinct from neurofibromatosis type 2. This case report highlights the rare association between spinal schwannoma and neurofibromatosis type 1.

Case presentation:
The patient with a past medical history of spinal schwannoma, operated 1 year back, presented with back pain, weakness of lower limbs and urge incontinence. On examination, she had cutaneous features suggestive of neurofibromatosis type 1 and there was impairment of all sensory modalities below hip region. MRI revealed spinal schwannoma at D9 level for which laminectomy with removal of schwannoma was performed.

Clinical discussion:
The occurrence and recurrence of spinal schwannoma in neurofibromatosis type 2 is a common finding. But such an association has not been established between spinal schwannoma and neurofibromatosis type 1. In this case, the recurrence of spinal schwannoma has been linked to neurofibromatosis type 1 in the absence of other well-defined etiologies.

Conclusion:
The occurrence of spinal schwannoma can be genetic or sporadic. The recurrence is usually associated with familial tumor syndrome. The available literature has not established association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and spinal schwannoma, thus, emphasizing the need of more focused studies.
Lung carcinoma with adrenal metastasis and inferior vena cava thrombosis in an elderly patient with decompensated chronic liver disease: a case report
Authors: Yadav Pramodman Singh , Dev Abinash , Shah Leeza , Khadka Ashish , Adhikari Pratik , Pyakurel Arash 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Managing patients with complex comorbidities poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report details a 65-year-old male with a history of decompensated chronic liver disease (CLD) and portal hypertension, who presented with symptoms suggestive of liver disease exacerbation. He was later diagnosed with primary lung malignancy and extensive thrombosis, including the inferior vena cava (IVC) and heart chambers, a rare finding.

Case presentation:
A 65-year-old man with a history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic liver disease presented with severe pain in the upper right quadrant, dyspnea, weakness, loss of appetite, and unintentional weight loss. Medical assessments revealed decompensated CLD with elevated bilirubin levels, low albumin, and an elevated INR. Imaging showed lung cancer with metastasis to the adrenal gland and a large IVC thrombus extending to the heart chambers. The patient decided to pursue palliative care.

Discussion:
When dealing with primary lung cancer and adrenal metastasis, it’s important to thoroughly assess atypical presentations for IVC thrombus. Even with advances in imaging and treatments, managing IVC thrombus related to cancer is still difficult and requires a team approach. This case highlights underdiagnosis in areas with limited resources, emphasizing the need for timely advanced diagnostics such as CT and MR imaging.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the complexities of diagnosing and managing patients with multiple conditions. It emphasizes the need for patient-centered care and the importance of ongoing research to develop effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for conditions like IVC thrombus in the context of malignancy.
Eosinophils protect against SARS-CoV-2 following a vaccine breakthrough infection
Authors: Moore Kathryn M. , Foster Stephanie L. , Kar Meenakshi , Floyd Katharine A. , Elrod Elizabeth J. , Williams M. Elliott , Velden Jacob Vander , Ellis Madison , Malik Ansa , Wali Bushra , Lapp Stacey , Metz Amanda , Bosinger Steven E. , Menachery Vineet D. , Seder Robert A. , Amara Rama Rao , Kohlmeier Jacob E. , Grakoui Arash , Suthar Mehul S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWaning immunity and the emergence of immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants jeopardize vaccine efficacy leading to breakthrough infections. We have previously shown that innate immune cells play a critical role in controlling SARS-CoV-2. To investigate the innate immune response during breakthrough infections, we modeled breakthrough infections by challenging low-dose vaccinated mice with a vaccine-mismatched SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. We found that low-dose vaccinated infected mice had a 2-log reduction in lung viral burden, but increased immune cell infiltration in the lung parenchyma, characterized by monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and eosinophils. Single cell RNA-seq revealed viral RNA was highly associated with eosinophils that corresponded to a unique IFN-γ biased signature. Antibody-mediated depletion of eosinophils in vaccinated mice resulted in increased virus replication and dissemination in the lungs, demonstrating that eosinophils in the lungs are protective during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. These results highlight the critical role for the innate immune response in vaccine mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Optimized methods for mapping DNA double-strand-break ends and resection tracts and application to meiotic recombination in mouse spermatocytes
Authors: Kim Soonjoung , Yamada Shintaro , Maekawa Kaku , Keeney Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) made by SPO11 protein initiate homologous recombination during meiosis. Subsequent to DNA strand breakage, endo- and exo-nucleases process the DNA ends to resect the strands whose 5’ termini are at the DSB, generating long 3’-terminal single-stranded tails that serve as substrates for strand exchange proteins. DSB resection is essential for meiotic recombination, but a detailed understanding of its molecular mechanism is currently lacking. Genomic approaches to mapping DSBs and resection endpoints, e.g., S1-sequencing (S1-seq) and similar methods, play a critical role in studies of meiotic DSB processing. In these methods, nuclease S1 or other enzymes that specifically degrade ssDNA are used to trim resected DSBs, allowing capture and sequencing of the ends of resection tracts. Here, we present optimization of S1-seq that improves its signal:noise ratio and allows its application to analysis of spermatocyte meiosis in adult mice. Furthermore, quantitative features of meiotic resection are evaluated for reproducibility, and we suggest approaches for analysis and interpretation of S1-seq data. We also compare S1-seq to variants that use exonuclease T and/ or exonuclease VII fromEscherichia coliinstead of nuclease S1. Detailed step-by-step protocols and suggestions for troubleshooting are provided.
Long-read transcriptomic identification of synaptic adaptation to amyloid pathology in theAppNL-G-Fknock-in mouse model of the earliest phase of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yaman Umran , Banks Gareth , Gustavsson Emil K. , Mumford Paige , Magusali Naciye , Taso Orjona Stella , Macpherson Hannah , Carmona Susana , Murray Malgorzata , Bains Rasneer Sonia , Forrest Hamish , Stewart Michelle , Scott Connor , Lipina Tatiana V. , Cheng Zhao , Tierney Anna L. , Unwin Richard D. , Botia Juan A. , Frigerio Carlo Sala , Wells Sara E. , Hardy John , Soreq Lilach , Wiseman Frances K. , Salih Dervis A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a transcriptional network of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk genes that are primarily expressed in microglia and are associated with AD pathology. However, traditional short-read sequencers have limited our ability to fully characterize how GWAS variants exert their effects on gene expression regulation or alternative splicing in response to the pathology, particularly resulting in inaccurate detection of splicing. To address this gap, we utilized long-read RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in theAppNL-G-Fknock-in mouse model to identify changes in splicing and novel transcript isoforms in response to amyloid-β. We show that long-read RNA-seq can recapitulate the expected induction of microglial expressed risk genes such asTrem2in response to amyloid-β at 9 months of age associated with ageing-dependent deficiencies in spatial short-term memory in theAppNL-G-Fknock-in mice. Our results not only identified novel splicing events and transcript isoform abundance in genes associated with AD, but also revealed the complex regulation of gene expression through splicing in response to amyloid plaques. Surprisingly, the regulation of alternative splicing in response to amyloid was seen in genes previously not identified as AD risk genes, expressed in microglia, neurons and oligodendrocytes, and included genes such asSyngr1that modulate synaptic physiology. We saw alternative splicing in genes such asCtsa,Clta,Dennd2a,Irf9andSmad4in mice in response to amyloid, and the orthologues of these genes also showed transcript usage changes in human AD brains. Our data suggests a model whereby induction of AD risk gene expression associated with microglial proliferation and activation is concomitant with alternative splicing in a different class of genes expressed by microglia and neurons, which act to adapt or preserve synaptic activity in response to amyloid-β during early stages of the disease. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms and effects of the regulation of genes associated with amyloid pathology, which may ultimately enable better disease diagnosis, and improved tracking of disease progression. Additionally, our findings identify new therapeutic avenues for treatment of AD.