bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles (POSS–PEG(n = 4)) on Thermal, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties of PEO‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Polu Anji Reddy , Rhee Hee‐Woo 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAdding organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles is a potential way to enhance room temperature ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). In this work, a new nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte (NSPE) based on poly(ethylene oxide)–lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (PEO12–LiTFSI) incorporating polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane–poly(ethylene glycol) (POSS–PEG(n = 4)) hybrid nanoparticles has been prepared and reported the effect of POSS–PEG(n = 4) hybrid nanoparticles on thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of (PEO12–LiTFSI) SPE. Results from X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies indicated that the conductivity increase was due to the decrease in crystallinity upon the addition of lithium salt and POSS–PEG hybrid nanoparticles into the SPE system. The mechanical properties of PEO12–LiTFSI SPE tended to increase with the addition of POSS–PEG(n = 4) nanoparticles up to 10 wt% and decreased afterwards. The NSPEs having solid state show quite high ionic conductivity (1.45 × 10−4 S/cm at 30°C), which is about 7.44 times of magnitude larger than that of the matrix polymer (PEO12–LiTFSI) electrolyte (1.95 × 10−5 S/cm at 30°C).
Konformationsanalyse, thermische Umlagerung und EI‐MS‐Fragmentierungsmechanismus von (1(10)E,4E,6S,7R)‐Germacradien‐6‐ol durch 13C‐Markierungsexperimente
Authors: Rabe Patrick , Barra Lena , Rinkel Jan , Riclea Ramona , Citron Christian A. , Klapschinski Tim A. , Janusko Aron , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEine uncharakterisierte Terpenzyklase aus Streptomyces pratensis wurde als (+)‐(1(10)E,4E,6S,7R)‐Germacradien‐6‐ol‐Synthase identifiziert, deren Produkt als zwei ineinander konvertierbare Konformere existiert, wodurch komplexe NMR‐Spektren resultieren. Für eine komplette Zuordnung der NMR‐Daten wurden alle fünfzehn Isotopomere des (13C1)FPP sowie (13C15)FPP synthetisiert und enzymatisch umgesetzt und die Produkte durch diverse NMR‐Methoden einschließlich 13C,13C‐COSY analysiert. Die (13C)FPP‐Isotopomere wurden weiterhin für die Untersuchung der thermischen Umlagerung und des EI‐Fragmentierungsmechanismus des Enzymprodukts verwendet.
High glass transition temperature bismaleimide‐triazine resins based on soluble amorphous bismaleimide monomer
Authors: Ren Zhidong , Cheng Yuanrong , Kong Lingqiang , Qi Tianke , Xiao Fei 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA novel bismaleimide (DOPO‐BMI) with unsymmetrical chemical structure and DOPO pendant group has been prepared. The particular molecular structure makes DOPO‐BMI show an intrinsic amorphous state with a Tg about 135°C and excellent solubility in most organic solvents, which is beneficial to the processability of bismaleimide composite materials. A series of bismaleimide‐triazine (BT) resins have been prepared based on DOPO‐BMI and 2,2‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)propane at various weight ratios. The prepared BT resins show outstanding solubility in organic solvent and low viscosity about 10–671 mPa s at 180°C. The cured BT resins exhibit high glass transition temperature (Tg) over 316°C. As the weight ratio of DOPO‐BMI increases to 80% (BT80), the Tg can rise to 369°C (tan δ). The cured BT resins also show good thermal stability with the 5% weight loss temperature over 400°C under both nitrogen and air atmosphere. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42882.
Viscoelastic properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/clay nanocomposites in solid and in melt state
Authors: Nikolic Marija S. , Mitric Miodrag , Dapcevic Aleksandra , Djonlagic Jasna 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTViscoelastic properties in solid and in melt state of poly(ε‐caprolactone), PCL, nanocomposites with organomodified clays (Cloisite30B and Cloisite15A) are thoroughly investigated. Although WAXD is insensitive to the difference in the nanocomposites structure, the melt rheology reveals pronounced differences between the two series. Melt yield stress values, obtained from fittings by the Carreau–Yasuda model, are used as a measure of partial exfoliation of the clay. Temperature dependence of the shift factors, used for time–temperature superposition of the modulus curves, yields similar values of the flow activation energies for all the samples. Temperature dependences of the dynamic modulus and loss factor of solid nanocomposites were correlated to the structural differences deduced from the melt rheology. The increase in the storage modulus is compared to the theoretical predictions from the Halpin–Tsai model. The effective aspect ratio obtained from this comparison agrees reasonably with the value estimated from the melt rheology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42896.
Thermalizing a telescope in Antarctica – analysis of ASTEP observations
Authors: Guillot T. , Abe L. , Agabi A. , Rivet J.‐P. , Daban J.‐B. , Mékarnia D. , Aristidi E. , Schmider F.‐X. , Crouzet N. , Gonçalves I. , Gouvret C. , Ottogalli S. , Faradji H. , Blanc P.‐E. , Bondoux E. , Valbousquet F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe installation and operation of a telescope in Antarctica represent particular challenges, in particular the requirement to operate at extremely cold temperatures, to cope with rapid temperature fluctuations and to prevent frosting. Heating of electronic subsystems is a necessity, but solutions must be found to avoid the turbulence induced by temperature fluctuations on the optical paths. ASTEP 400 is a 40cm Newton telescope installed at the Concordia station, Dome C since 2010 for photometric observations of fields of stars and their exoplanets. While the telescope is designed to spread star light on several pixels to maximize photometric stability, we show that it is nonetheless sensitive to the extreme variations of the seeing at the ground level (between about 0′′.1 and 5′′) and to temperature fluctuations between –30°C and –80 °C. We analyze both day‐time and night‐time observations and obtain the magnitude of the seeing caused by the mirrors, dome and camera. The most important effect arises from the heating of the primary mirror which gives rise to a mirror seeing of 0′′.23 K–1. We propose solutions to mitigate these effects. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stellar science from a blue wavelength range
Authors: Hansen C. J. , Ludwig H.‐G. , Seifert W. , Koch A. , Xu W. , Caffau E. , Christlieb N. , Korn A. J. , Lind K. , Sbordone L. , Ruchti G. , Feltzing S. , de Jong R. S. , Barden S. , Schnurr O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFrom stellar spectra, a variety of physical properties of stars can be derived. In particular, the chemical composition of stellar atmospheres can be inferred from absorption line analyses. These provide key information on large scales, such as the formation of our Galaxy, down to the small‐scale nucleosynthesis processes that take place in stars and supernovae. By extending the observed wavelength range toward bluer wavelengths, we optimize such studies to also include critical absorption lines in metal‐poor stars, and allow for studies of heavy elements (Z ≥ 38) whose formation processes remain poorly constrained. In this context, spectrographs optimized for observing blue wavelength ranges are essential, since many absorption lines at redder wavelengths are too weak to be detected in metal‐poor stars. This means that some elements cannot be studied in the visual‐redder regions, and important scientific tracers and science cases are lost. The present era of large public surveys will target millions of stars. It is therefore important that the next generation of spectrographs are designed such that they cover a wide wavelength range and can observe a large number of stars simultaneously. Only then, we can gain the full information from stellar spectra, from both metal‐poor to metal‐rich ones, that will allow us to understand the aforementioned formation scenarios in greater detail. Here we describe the requirements driving the design of the forthcoming survey instrument 4MOST, a multi‐object spectrograph commissioned for the ESO VISTA 4 m‐telescope. While 4MOST is also intended for studies of active galactic nuclei, baryonic acoustic oscillations, weak lensing, cosmological constants, supernovae and other transients, we focus here on high‐density, wide‐area survey of stars and the science that can be achieved with high‐resolution stellar spectroscopy. Scientific and technical requirements that governed the design are described along with a thorough line blending analysis. For the high‐resolution spectrograph, we find that a sampling of ≥2.5 (pixels per resolving element), spectral resolution of 18000 or higher, and a wavelength range covering 393–436 nm, is the most well‐balanced solution for the instrument. A spectrograph with these characteristics will enable accurate abundance analysis (±0.1 dex) in the blue and allow us to confront the outlined scientific questions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the angular distribution of IceCube high‐energy events
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos R. , de la Fuente Marcos C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe detection of high‐energy astro‐physical neutrinos of extraterrestrial origin by the IceCube neutrino observatory in Antarctica has opened a unique window to the cosmos that may help to probe both the distant Universe and our cosmic backyard. The arrival directions of these high‐energy events have been interpreted as uniformly distributed on the celestial sphere. Here, we revisit the topic of the putative isotropic angular distribution of these events applying Monte Carlo techniques to investigate a possible anisotropy. A modest evidence for anisotropy is found. An excess of events appears projected towards a section of the Local Void, where the density of galaxies with radial velocities below 3000 km s–1 is rather low, suggesting that this particular group of somewhat clustered sources are located either very close to the Milky Way or perhaps beyond 40 Mpc. The results of further analyses of the subsample of southern hemisphere events favour an origin at cosmological distances with the arrival directions of the events organized in a fractal‐like structure. Although a small fraction of closer sources is possible, remote hierarchical structures appear to be the main source of these very energetic neutrinos. Some of the events may have their origin at the IBEX ribbon. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Green synthesis of fluorescence carbon nanoparticles from yum and application in sensitive and selective detection of ATP
Authors: Zhan Zixuan , Cai Jiao , Wang Qi , Su Yingying , Zhang Lichun , Lv Yi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CPs), a fascinating class of recently discovered nanocarbons, have been widely known as some of the most promising sensing probes in biological or chemical analysis. In this study, we demonstrate a green synthetic methodology for generating water‐soluble CPs with a quantum yield of approximately 24% via a simple heating process using yum mucilage as a carbon source. The prepared carbon nanoparticles with an ~10 nm size possessed excellent fluorescence properties, and the fluorescence of the CPs was strongly quenched by Fe3+, and recovered by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thus, an ‘off’ and ‘on’ system can be easily established. This ‘CPs‐Fe3+‐ATP’ strategy was sensitive and selective at detecting ATP with the linear range of 0.5 µmol L−1 to 50 µmol L−1 and with a detection limit of 0.48 µmol L−1. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the interaction of β‐carotene and astaxanthin with trypsin and pepsin by spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Li Xiangrong , Li Peihong 
Published: September 2015

Abstractβ‐Carotene and astaxanthin are two carotenoids with powerful antioxidant properties, but the binding mechanisms of β‐carotene/astaxanthin to proteases remain unclear. In this study, the interaction of these two carotenoids with trypsin and pepsin was investigated using steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence measurements, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The experimental results indicated that the quenching mechanisms of trypsin/pepsin by the two carotenoids are static processes. The binding constants of trypsin and pepsin with these two carotenoids are in the following order: astaxanthin–trypsin > astaxanthin–pepsin > β‐carotene–trypsin > β‐carotene–pepsin, respectively. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the interaction between the two carotenoids and trypsin/pepsin is synergistically driven by enthalpy and entropy, and hydrophobic forces and electrostatic attraction have a significant role in the reactions. In addition, as shown by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and CD, the two carotenoids may induce conformational and microenvironmental changes in trypsin/pepsin. The study provides an accurate and full basic data for clarifying the binding mechanisms of the two carotenoids with trypsin/pepsin and is helpful in understanding their effect on protein function and their biological activity in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐free protein synthesis enables high yielding synthesis of an active multicopper oxidase
Authors: Li Jian , Lawton Thomas J. , Kostecki Jan S. , Nisthal Alex , Fang Jia , Mayo Stephen L. , Rosenzweig Amy C. , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMulticopper oxidases (MCOs) are broadly distributed in all kingdoms of life and perform a variety of important oxidative reactions. These enzymes have potential biotechnological applications; however, the applications are impeded by low expression yields in traditional recombinant hosts, solubility issues, and poor copper cofactor assembly. As an alternative to traditional recombinant protein expression, we show the ability to use cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) to produce complex MCO proteins with high soluble titers. Specifically, we report the production of MCOs in an Escherichia coli‐based cell‐free transcription‐translation system. Total yields as high as 1.2 mg mL−1 were observed after a 20‐h batch reaction. More than 95% of the protein was soluble and activity was obtained by simple post‐CFPS addition of copper ions in the form of CuSO4. Scale‐up reactions were achieved from 15 to 100 µL without a decrease in productivity and solubility. CFPS titers were higher than in vivo expression titers and more soluble, avoiding the formation of inclusion bodies. Our work extends the utility of the cell‐free platform to the production of active proteins containing copper cofactors and demonstrates a simple method for producing MCOs.
ODAM inhibits RhoA‐dependent invasion in breast cancer
Authors: Lee Hye‐Kyung , Choung Han‐Wool , Yang Young‐Il , Yoon Hye‐Jung , Park In Ae , Park Joo‐Cheol 
Published: September 2015

Odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein (ODAM) contributes to cell adhesion. In human cancer, ODAM is down‐regulated, and the overexpression of ODAM results in a favourable prognosis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying ODAM‐mediated inhibition of cancer invasion and metastasis remain unclear. Here, we identify a critical role for ODAM in inducing cancer cell adhesion. ODAM induced RhoA activity and the expression of downstream factors, including Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK). ODAM‐mediated RhoA signalling resulted in actin filament rearrangement by activating PTEN and inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT. When ODAM is overexpressed in MCF7 breast cancer cells and AGS gastric cancer cells that activate RhoA at high levels, it decreases motility, increases adhesion and inhibits the metastasis of MCF7 cells. Conversely, depletion of ODAM in cancer cells inhibits Rho GTPase activation, resulting in increased cancer migration and invasion. These results suggest that ODAM expression in cells maintains their adhesion, resulting in the prevention of their metastasis via the regulation of RhoA signalling in breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.SIGNIFICANCE Breast cancer represents the first most frequent cancer, and the ratio of mortality is high in women. Of utmost importance for reducing risk by breast cancer are their anti‐invasion mechanisms, particularly in the non‐invasive cancer cells because metastasis is the principal cause of death among cancer patients. ODAM induced RhoA activity. ODAM‐mediated RhoA signalling resulted in actin filament rearrangement, increased cell adhesion and inhibited the migration/invasion of MCF7 cells. These results suggest that ODAM expression maintains their adhesion, resulting in the prevention of their metastasis via the regulation of RhoA signalling in breast cancer cells.
Methyl 3‐Hydroxymyristate, a Diffusible Signal Mediating phc Quorum Sensing in Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Kai Kenji , Ohnishi Hideyuki , Shimatani Mika , Ishikawa Shiho , Mori Yuka , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Tabuchi Mitsuaki , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum, a plant pathogenic bacterium causing “bacterial wilt” on crops, uses a quorum sensing (QS) system consisting of phc regulatory elements to control its virulence. Methyl 3‐hydroxypalmitate (3‐OH PAME) was previously identified as the QS signal in strain AW1. However, 3‐OH PAME has not been reportedly detected from any other strains, and this suggests that they produce another unknown QS signal. Here we identify (R)‐methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate [(R)‐3‐OH MAME] as a new QS signal that regulates the production of virulence factors and secondary metabolites. (R)‐3‐OH MAME was synthesized by the methyltransferase PhcB and sensed by the histidine kinase PhcS. The phylogenetic trees of these proteins from R. solanacearum strains were divided into two groups, according to their QS signal types—(R)‐3‐OH MAME or (R)‐3‐OH PAME. These results demonstrate that (R)‐3‐OH MAME is another crucial QS signal and highlight the unique evolution of QS systems in R. solanacearum.
Recyclable Poly‐Zn3(OAc)4–3,3′‐Bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide Catalyst for Asymmetric Iodolactonization
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Kojima Takahiro , Watanabe Ohji , Itoh Tsutomu , Kanoh Hirofumi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOn the basis of the structure of the unimolecular Zn3(OAc)4–3,3′‐bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide complex, a poly‐Zn3(OAc)4–3,3′‐bis(aminoimino)binaphthoxide (poly‐Zn) complex was prepared from 3,3′‐diformylbinaphthol, tetramine, and Zn(OAc)2. The first‐generation poly‐Zn catalyst (poly‐Zn1) was prepared from poly(aminoiminobinaphthol) and Zn(OAc)2. Although poly‐Zn1 showed high catalytic activity for iodolactonization, the catalyst could not be reused. The second‐generation poly‐Zn catalyst (poly‐Zn2) was prepared by the self‐organization of 3,3′‐diformylbinaphthol, tetramine, and Zn(OAc)2. This produced a stable and active poly‐Zn2 catalyst for asymmetric iodolactonization that was reused over five cycles.
Synthesis of α‐Chiral Butyrolactones by Highly Stereoselective Radical Transfer or Sequential Asymmetric Alkylations: Concise Preparation of Leupyrrin Moieties
Authors: Schrempp Michael , Thiede Sebastian , Herkommer Daniel , Gansäuer Andreas , Menche Dirk 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInspired by the bioactive natural metabolites leupyrrin A1 and B1, two novel stereoselective methods for the highly concise synthesis of densely substituted α‐chiral butyrolactones are reported. The first approach relies on an innovative three‐step TiIII‐catalyzed radical reaction that proceeds with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity. The alternative route utilizes sequential asymmetric alkylations and enables asymmetric synthesis of the authentic α‐tetrasubstituted butyrolactone motif of the leupyrrins in only four steps from commercially available substrates.
The Electronic Structure of Some Cyanohydrins—A Spectroscopically Under‐Investigated Family of Compounds
Authors: Chrostowska Anna , Darrigan Clovis , Dargelos Alain , Benidar Abdessamad , Guillemin Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCyanohydrins are usually formed by addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehydes or ketones while the elimination of HCN from cyanohydrins is easily observed upon heating. The low thermal stability of these highly boiling compounds leads to difficult studies in the gas phase where partial or complete decomposition is usually observed. Consequently, the reported physicochemical properties of such compounds in the gas phase are still scarce. Keeping with this, four simple cyanohydrins, the glycolonitrile and methyl, vinyl and ethynyl derivatives, have been selected. These are possible candidates for the Interstellar Medium, where the corresponding aldehydes and HCN have been detected, and could have played an important role in prebiotic chemistry, as already proposed for some of them. Three well‐suited spectroscopic techniques, namely, UV photoelectron, infrared, and Raman spectroscopies, in tandem with quantum calculations, have been chosen for the structure analysis. Photoelectron spectroscopy, successfully performed with gaseous compounds, provides the first comparative study on cyanohydrins in the gas phase.
Investigation of the Storage Behavior of Shredded Lithium‐Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles for Recycling Purposes
Authors: Grützke Martin , Krüger Steffen , Kraft Vadim , Vortmann Britta , Rothermel Sergej , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha 
Published: September 2015

AbstractShredding of the cells is often the first step in lithium‐ion battery (LIB) recycling. Thus, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC)/graphite lithium‐ion cells from a field‐tested electric vehicle were shredded and transferred to tinplate or plastic storage containers. The formation of hazardous compounds within, and being released from, these containers was monitored over 20 months. The tinplate cans underwent fast corrosion as a result of either residual charge in the active battery material, which could not fully be discharged because of contact loss to the current collector, or redox reactions between the tinplate surface and metal parts of the shredded material. The headspace compositions of the containers were investigated at room temperature and 150 °C using headspace–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–GC–MS). Samples of the waste material were also collected using microwave‐assisted extraction and the extracts were analyzed over a period of 20 months using ion chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (IC–ESI–MS). LiPF6 was identified as a conducting salt, whereas dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and ethylene carbonate were the main solvent components. Cyclohexylbenzene was also detected, which is an additive for overcharge protection. Diethyl carbonate, fluoride, difluorophosphate and several ionic and non‐ionic alkyl (fluoro)phosphates were also identified. Importantly, dimethyl fluorophosphate (DMFP) and diethyl fluorophosphate (DEFP) were quantified using HS–GC–MS through the use of an internal standard. DMFP, DEFP, and related compounds are known as chemical warfare agents, and the presence of these materials is of great interest. In the case of this study, these hazardous materials are present but in manageable low concentrations. Nonetheless, the presence of such compounds and their potential release during an accident that may occur during shredding or recycling of large amounts of LIB waste should be considered.