bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining the hadronic properties of star-forming galaxies above 1 GeV with 15-years Fermi-LAT data
Authors: Ambrosone A. , Chianese M. , Marinelli A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Star-forming and starburst galaxies (SFGs and SBGs) are considered to be powerful emitters of non-thermal γ-rays and neutrinos, due to their intense phases of star-formation activity, which should confine high-energy Cosmic-Rays (CRs) inside their environments. On this regard, the Fermi-LAT collaboration has found a correlation between the γ-ray and infrared luminosities for a sample of local sources. Yet, the physics behind these non-thermal emission is still under debate. We provide novel constraints on the tight relation between γ-rays and star formation rate (SFR) exploiting 15 years of public Fermi-LAT data. Thus, we probe the calorimetric fraction Fcal of high-energy protons in SFGs and SBGs, namely, the fraction of high-energy protons actually producing high-energy γ-rays and neutrinos. Further, we extrapolate this information to their diffuse γ-ray and neutrino emissions constraining their contribution to the extra-galactic gamma-ray background (EGB) and the diffuse neutrino flux. Using the publicly-available fermitools, we analyse 15.3 years of γ-ray between 1-1000 GeV data for 70 sources, 56 of which were not previously detected. We relate this emission to a theoretical model for SBGs in order to constrain Fcal for each source and then study its correlation with the star formation rate of the sources. Firstly, we find at 4σ level an indication of γ-ray emission for other two SBGs, namely M 83 and NGC 1365. By contrast, we find that, even with the new description of background, the significance for the γ-ray emission of M 33 (initially reported as discovered) still stands at ~ 4σ (as already reported by previous works).
Along with previous findings, the flux of each detected source is consistent with a ~ E
-2.3/2.4 spectrum, compatible with the injected CR flux inferred in the Milky-Way. We also notice that the correlation between Fcal and the SFR is in accordance with the expected scaling relation for CR escape dominated by advection. We remark that undiscovered sources strongly constrain Fcal at 95% CL, providing fundamental information when we interpret the results as common properties of SFGs and SBGs. Finally, we find that these sources might contribute (12 ± 3)% to the EGB, while the corresponding diffuse neutrino flux strongly depends on the spectral index distribution along the source class.
Shadows, rings and optical appearance of a magnetically charged regular black hole illuminated by various accretion disks
Authors: Zare Soroush , Nieto Luis M. , Feng Xing-Hui , Dong Shi-Hai , Hassanabadi Hassan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) imaging of the supermassive black holes at the centers
of Messier 87 galaxy (M87) and the Milky Way galaxy (Sgr A) marks a significant step in observing
the photon rings and central brightness depression that define the optical appearance of black
holes with an accretion disk scenario. Inspired by this, we take into account a static and
spherically symmetric magnetically charged regular black hole (MCRBH) metric characterized by its
mass and an additional parameter q, which arises from the coupling of Einstein gravity and
nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) in the weak field approximation. This parameterized model
offers a robust foundation for testing the coupling of Einstein gravity and NLED in the
weak-field approximation, using the EHT observational results. In this study, we investigate the
geodesic motion of particles around the solution, followed by a discussion of its fundamental
geometrical characteristics such as scalar invariants. Using null geodesics, we examine how the
model parameter influences the behavior of the photon sphere radius and the associated shadow
silhouette. We seek constraints on q by applying the EHT results for supermassive black holes
M87* and Sgr A*. Furthermore, it is observed that the geodesics of time-like particles are
susceptible to variations in q, which can have an impact on the traits of the innermost stable
circular orbit and the marginally bounded orbit. Our primary objective is to probe how the free
parameter q affects various aspects of the accretion disk surrounding the MCRBH using the
thin-disk approximation. Next, we discuss the physical characteristics of the thin accretion
disk as well as the observed shadows and rings of the MCRBH, along with its luminosity, across
various accretion models. Ultimately, variations in accretion models and the parameter q yield
distinct shadow images and optical appearances of the MCRBH.
Cosmic purity lost: perturbative and resummed late-time inflationary decoherence
Authors: Burgess C.P. , Colas Thomas , Holman R. , Kaplanek Greg , Vennin Vincent 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compute the rate with which unobserved fields decohere other fields to which they couple, both in flat space and in de Sitter space, for spectator scalar fields prepared in their standard adiabatic vacuum. The process is very efficient in de Sitter space once the modes in question pass outside the Hubble scale, displaying the tell-tale phenomenon of secular growth that indicates the breakdown of perturbative methods on a time scale parameterically long compared with the Hubble time. We show how to match the perturbative evolution valid at early times onto a late-time Lindblad evolution whose domain of validity extends to much later times, thereby allowing a reliable resummation of the perturbative result beyond the perturbative regime. Super-Hubble modes turn out to be dominantly decohered by unobserved modes that are themselves also super-Hubble. If applied to curvature perturbations during inflation our observations here could close a potential loophole in recent calculations of the late-time purity of the observable primordial fluctuations.
Cosmological coupling of local gravitational systems
Authors: Cadoni Mariano , Pitzalis Mirko , Rodrigues Davi C. , Sanna Andrea P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the cosmological coupling of spherical, local astrophysical systems.
We derive a general formula quantifying the cosmological coupling of the Misner-Sharp mass of these objects. We show that, in the weak-field limit, the cosmological coupling is only allowed if there are pressure anisotropies. We also apply our results to galaxies, modelling them with the Navarro-Frenk-White and Einasto profiles. We show that the galactic mass can be coupled to the cosmological dynamics and examine its dependence on the scale factor of the universe.
Bispectrum non-Gaussian covariance in redshift space
Authors: Salvalaggio Jacopo , Castiblanco Lina , Noreña Jorge , Sefusatti Emiliano , Monaco Pierluigi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We provide an analytical description of the galaxy bispectrum covariance and the power spectrum-bispectrum cross-covariance in redshift space that captures the dominant non-Gaussian contributions at mildly non-linear scales, particularly those arising from the squeezed configurations.
The Gaussian prediction for the variance of the halo bispectrum monopole significantly underestimates numerical estimates particularly for squeezed triangles, that is bispectrum triangular configurations where one side is much smaller than the other two, whereas the effect is relatively less important when considering the quadrupole.
We propose an expression for the missing non-Gaussian contribution valid at mildly non-linear scales in the squeezed limit that requires an accurate modeling of the bispectrum alone. We validate our model against the numerical covariance estimated from a large suite of mock catalogs and find that it accurately predicts the variance as well as the dominant off-diagonal terms. We also present an expression for the cross-covariance between power spectrum and bispectrum multipoles and likewise find it to provide a good description of the numerical results.
In-in formalism for the entropy of quantum fields in curved spacetimes
Authors: Colas Thomas , Grain Julien , Kaplanek Greg , Vennin Vincent 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe show how to compute the purity and entanglement entropy for quantum fields in a systematic perturbative expansion. To that end, we generalize the in-in formalism to non-unitary dynamics (i.e. accounting for the presence of an environment) and to the calculation of quantum information measures, which are not observables in the usual sense. This allows us to reduce the problem to one involving standard correlation functions, and to organize their computation in a diagrammatic expansion for which we construct the corresponding Feynman rules. As an illustration, we apply the formalism to a cosmological setting inspired by the effective field theory of inflation. We find that at late times, non-linear loop corrections share the same time behavior as the linear contribution, and only yield a slight redressing of the purity. In particular, when the environment is heavy compared to the Hubble scale, the phenomenon of recoherence previously encountered is robust to the class of non-linear extensions considered. Bridging the gap between perturbative quantum field theory and open quantum systems paves the way to a better understanding of renormalization and resummation in open effective field theories. It also enables a more systematic exploration of quantum information properties in field theoretic settings.
Diagnosing quantum crosstalk in superconducting quantum chips by using out-of-time-order correlators
Authors: Zhang 张 Yujia 宇佳 , Zhang 张 Yu 钰 , Li 李 Shaoxiong 邵雄 , Zheng 郑 Wen 文 , Yu 于 Yang 扬 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Performance of a scalable quantum processor critically relies on minimizing crosstalk and unwanted interactions within the system, as it is vital for parallel controlled operations on qubits. We present a protocol not only to provide information about residual coupling but also to effectively discriminate it from the influence of classical crosstalk. Our approach utilizes out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) as a signal of quantum crosstalk, making it applicable to various coupling forms and scalable architectures. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocol, we provide a theoretical analysis and simulate its implementation in coupled superconducting qubits.
Identifying the effect of photo-generated carriers on the phonons in rutile TiO2 through Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wang 王 Zheng 征 , Liao 廖 Min 敏 , Wang 王 Guihua 桂花 , Zhang 张 Meng 梦 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Investigating lattice vibrations through Raman spectroscopy is a crucial method for studying crystalline materials. Carriers can interact with lattices and influence lattice vibrations; thus, it is feasible to study the effect of photo-generated carriers on phonons by analyzing changes in the Raman spectra of semiconductors. Rutile is one of the predominant crystalline phases of TiO2, which is a widely utilized metal oxide semiconductor. In this work, rutile TiO2 is coated on a thinned optical fiber to concentrate ultraviolet light energy within the material, thereby enhancing the generation of carriers and amplifying the changes in the Raman spectra. A Raman detection laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is utilized to collect the Raman spectra of rutile TiO2 during irradiation. Using this setup, the impact of photo-generated carriers on the phonons corresponding to Raman vibrational modes is researched. The localization and non-radiative recombination of photo-generated carriers contribute to a reduction in both the frequencies and lifetimes of phonons. This work provides a novel approach to researching the effect of carriers on phonons.
In situ non-destructive measurement of Josephson junction resistance using fritting contact technique
Authors: Du 杜 Lei 磊 , Tao 陶 Hao-Ran 浩然 , Guo 郭 Liang-Liang 亮亮 , Zhang 张 Hai-Feng 海峰 , Chen 陈 Yong 勇 , Tian 田 Xin 昕 , Zhang 张 Chi 驰 , Jia 贾 Zhi-Long 志龙 , Duan 段 Peng 鹏 , Guo 郭 Guo-Ping 国平 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Conventional four-probe methods for measuring the resistance of Josephson junctions can damage superconducting thin films, making them unsuitable for frequency measurements of superconducting qubits. In this study, we present a custom probe station measurement system that employs the fritting contact technique to achieve in situ, non-destructive measurements of Josephson junction resistance. Our experimental results demonstrate that this method allows for accurate prediction of qubit frequency with an error margin of 17.2 MHz. Moreover, the fritting contact technique does not significantly affect qubit coherence time or the integrity of the superconducting film, confirming its non-destructive nature. This innovative approach provides a dependable foundation for frequency tuning and addressing frequency collision issues, thus supporting the advancement and practical deployment of superconducting quantum computing.
Generalized Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering paradox
Authors: Liu 刘 Zhi-Jie 志洁 , Fan 樊 Xing-Yan 星言 , Zhou 周 Jie 洁 , Xie 谢 Mi 汨 , Chen 陈 Jing-Ling 景灵 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum paradoxes are essential means to reveal the incompatibility between quantum and classical theories, among which the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering paradox offers a sharper criterion for the contradiction between local-hidden-state model and quantum mechanics than the usual inequality-based method. In this work, we present a generalized EPR steering paradox, which predicts a contradictory equality “2Q = (1 + δ)C” (0 ≤ δ < 1) given by the quantum (Q) and classical (C) theories. For any N-qubit state in which the conditional state of the steered party is pure, we test the paradox through a two-setting steering protocol, and find that the state is steerable if some specific measurement requirements are satisfied. Moreover, our construction also enlightens the building of EPR steering inequality, which may contribute to some schemes for typical quantum teleportation and quantum key distributions.
Rapid identification of time-frequency domain gravitational wave signals from binary black holes using deep learning*
Authors: Wang 王 Yu-Xin 钰鑫 , Jin 金 Shang-Jie 上捷 , Sun 孙 Tian-Yang 天阳 , Zhang 张 Jing-Fei 敬飞 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent developments in deep learning techniques have provided alternative and complementary approaches to the traditional matched-filtering methods for identifying gravitational wave (GW) signals. The rapid and accurate identification of GW signals is crucial to the advancement of GW physics and multi-messenger astronomy, particularly considering the upcoming fourth and fifth observing runs of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA. In this study, we used the 2D U-Net algorithm to identify time-frequency domain GW signals from stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) mergers. We simulated BBH mergers with component masses ranging from 7 to 50

and accounted for the LIGO detector noise. We found that the GW events in the first and second observation runs could all be clearly and rapidly identified. For the third observing run, approximately 80% of the GW events could be identified. In contrast to traditional convolutional neural networks, the U-Net algorithm can output time-frequency domain signal images corresponding to probabilities, providing a more intuitive analysis. In conclusion, the U-Net algorithm can rapidly identify the time-frequency domain GW signals from BBH mergers.
Velocity profile shapes in Alcator C-Mod plasmas
Authors: Rice J.E. , Cao N.M. , Hubbard A.E. , Hughes J.W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Toroidal rotation velocity spatial profiles (

r

/

a

<

0.8) have been obtained from C-Mod over a wide range of operational conditions, including H-mode, I-mode, ICRF-heated L-mode and Ohmic L-mode (LOC and SOC), and in plasmas with ITBs, LH wave injection and MCFD. Peaked, flat and hollow rotation profiles have been observed. In H- and I-mode plasmas, generally with co-current peaked profiles, the peaking is correlated with temperature profile peaking, and both increase with toroidal magnetic field (decrease with

ρ
∗

). Any dependence on density peaking is unclear. For Ohmic L-mode discharges, with LOC, the velocity profiles are usually flat and most often directed co-current, while with SOC the profiles are hollow, mostly co-current at the edge and counter-current in the core. Both of these Ohmic rotation states exist with matched density and temperature profiles (and gradients), indicating that neither gradient is relevant during rotation reversals. For plasmas with LH wave injection and discharges with ITBs, the velocity profiles are hollow while the density and temperature profiles exhibit substantial peaking. Broadly speaking for all operational regimes, there is no unifying ordering of the velocity gradient with plasma parameters.
Cluster-spin-glass behavior in new ternary RE2PtGe3 compounds (RE = Tb, Dy, Ho)
Authors: Litzbarski L S , Winiarski M J , Oshchapovsky I , Skokowski P , Synoradzki K , Klimczuk T , Andrzejewski B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Two new ternary germanides Tb2Pt1.2Ge2.8, Dy2Pt1.15Ge2.85 and one already known germanium Ho2Pt1.1Ge2.9.were synthesized using an arc melting technique. The obtained samples were investigated by powder x-ray diffraction, which indicated that all of them crystallized in a hexagonal structure with P6/mmm (no. 191) space group. This structure is a disordered variant of the AlB2 aristotype that favors the formation of a spin-glass-like state. The physical properties were examined by measuring magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and electrical resistance. Experiments indicated that all of the compounds can be classified as cluster-spin-glasses with the freezing temperature of T
f = 12.0 K, T
f = 6.0 K and T
f = 2.9 K for Tb2Pt1.2Ge2.8, Dy2Pt1.15Ge2.85 and Ho2Pt1.1Ge2.9 respectively.
Investigation of the linear accelerator low dose rate mode for pulsed low-dose-rate radiotherapy delivery
Authors: Abdelgawad Mahmoud H , Eldib Ahmed A , Elsayed Tamer M , Ma CM Charlie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Pulsed volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) was proposed as an advanced treatment that combines the biological benefits of pulsed low dose rate (PLDR) and the dosimetric benefits of the intensity-modulated beams. In our conventional pulsed VMAT technique, a daily fractional dose of 200 cGy is delivered in 10 arcs with 3 min intervals between the arcs. In this study, we are testing the feasibility of pulsed VMAT that omits the need to split into ten arcs and excludes any beam-off gaps. Methods. The study was conducted using computed tomographic images of 24 patients previously treated at our institution with the conventional PLDR technique. Our newly installed Elekta machine has a low dose rate option on the order of 25 MU min−1. PLDR requires an effective dose rate of 6.7 cGy min−1 with attention being paid to the maximum dose received within any point within the target not to exceed 13 cGy min−1. The quality of treatment plans was judged based on dose-volume histograms, isodose distribution, dose conformality to the target, and target dose homogeneity. The dose delivery accuracy was assessed by measurements using the MatriXX

Evolution
2D array system. Results. All cases were normalized to cover 95% of the target volume with 100% of the prescription dose. The average conformity index was 1.03 ± 0.08 while the average homogeneity index was 1.05 ± 0.02. The maximum reported dose rate at any point within the target was 10.44 cGy min−1. The mean dose rate for all pulsed VMAT plans was 6.88 ± 0.1 cGy min−1. All cases passed our gamma analysis with an average passing rate of 99.00% ± 0.48%. Conclusion. The study showed the applicability of planning pulsed VMAT using Eclipse and its successful delivery on our Elekta linac. Pulsed VMAT using the machine’s low dose rate mode is more efficient than our previous pulsed VMAT delivery.
Fabrication of solution-processed flexible resistive gas sensors based on carbon-quantum-dots decorating mesoporous ZnO fibres for room temperature sensing
Authors: Martinez-Lopez A G , Avalos-Grajales Y , Hernandez S A , Carmona-Tellez S , Tinoco J C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the gas sensor technology has experimented an interesting growth due to the device improvements driven by nanostructured semiconductor films. Nanostructured sensors have enabled the possibility of reducing the operation temperature at room temperature levels, which implies a significant reduction on the power consumption, as well as the possibility to develop sensors over flexible substrates. Therefore, in this work, the fabrication of flexible gas sensors using solution-processing technologies is presented. Nanostructured ZnO mesoporous fibres decorated with Carbon-Quantum-Dots has been used as active layer, and the electrical response, measured as the ratio between the resistance at the target gas respect the resistance in air, is presented. Furthermore, interdigitated electrode configuration has been used for device fabrication with finger spacing of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mm. A maximum response of 0.016 was achieved.
A study of XLPE insulation failure in power cables under electromagnetic stress
Authors: Gugulothu Babu Naik , Lakshminarayanan Sanjay , Palati Madhu , Haleyur Lakshmegowda Suresh , Bukya Mahipal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Underground cables with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation are integral to medium voltage (MV) power transmission systems, ensuring continuous electricity supply amidst operational challenges and environmental conditions. However, the reliability of these cables can be compromised over time due to aging and installation-related factors, particularly at joints and terminations. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of how various defects, including spherical air voids, pinholes, and irregularities in semiconducting layers, affect electric field and potential distributions within cable end terminations using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Through detailed simulations, the study identifies significant variations in electric field strength caused by these defects, highlighting critical stress concentration areas. In this study, it assumed that the cable and termination have the same cross-section. By analyzing these simulations, the study provides insights into optimizing cable design and installation practices to enhance the reliability and lifespan of underground power transmission systems. This study introduces a novel approach by combining advanced COMSOL Multiphysics simulations with a detailed analysis of defect impacts on electric field distributions, offering new insights into stress concentrations and degradation at cable terminations. Simulation outcomes reveal significant variations in electric field strengths due to air voids and pinholes in cables and terminations: for 2 mm voids, up to

2.45
×

10

6

V mm−1 near the conductor and 56.5 V mm−1 at termination. These findings enhance the understanding of XLPE-insulated cable behavior under electromagnetic stress, providing a basis for mitigating failures and improving overall system performance.