bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Ugi—Smiles and Passerini—Smiles Couplings: A Story About Phenols in Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: El Kaim Laurent , Grimaud Laurence 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReview: [scope, mechanistic studies, and use of the title couplings for a variety of routes to fused aromatic systems; 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Functionalized Lithium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Zinc, Manganese~, and Indium Organometallics from Functionalized Organic Halides.
Authors: Dagousset Guillaume , Francois Cyril , Leon Thierry , Blanc Romain , Sansiaume‐Dagousset Elodie , Knochel Paul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReview: [149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 2α‐(Tetrazolylethyl)‐1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 as a High Affinity Ligand for Vitamin D Receptor
Authors: Matsuo Miki , Hasegawa Asami , Takano Masashi , Saito Hiroshi , Kakuda Shinji , Takagi Kenichiro , Ochiai Eiji , Horie Kyohei , Takimoto‐Kamimura Midori , Takenouchi Kazuya , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReview: 10 refs.
Wichard von Moellendorff
Authors: Evers Jürgen , Möckl Leonhard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUntersuchungen über die Vorgänge, die beim Verformen von Metallen und Legierungen ablaufen, waren im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts zentrales Forschungsthema. Wichard von Moellendorff baute dazu im Kabelwerk Oberspree (KWO) der “Allgemeinen Elektricitätsgesellschat” (AEG) ein neues Industrie‐Labor auf. So konnte er sich mit systematischen metallographischen und mechanischen Untersuchungen an der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung über die Verformungsvorgänge beteiligen. 1913 leitete er zusammen mit Czochralski erste Vorstellungen über die Auswirkungen der Kristallinität auf die Verformungvorgänge ab. Seine Deutungen waren zunächst im Widerspruch zu gängigen wissenschaftlichen Auffassungen, setzten sich dann aber als richtig durch. Nach einer Auszeit während des Ersten Weltkriegs setzte er diese Forschung als Direktor des Staatlichen Materialprüfungsamtes und gleichzeitig des Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Instituts für Metallforschung in Berlin‐Dahlem fort und untersuchte die Form der Fließkegel, die beim mechanischen Zerreißen von Metallstäben entstehen. Diese Vorgänge ließen sich 1929 durch “Drehung, Verzerrung und Gleitung kristallographischer Gleitebenen” deuten. Polany befasste sich ab 1923 mit röntgenographischen und mechanischen Untersuchungen der Verformungsvorgänge. 1932 gelang ihm der wissenschaftliche Durchbruch über einen Versetzungsmechanismus. Demnach werden einzelne Atome auf Zwischenpositionen verschoben und bewegen sich dann schrittweise durch den Kristall. 1933 verließ Polanyi wegen seiner jüdischen Abstammung Nazi‐Deutschland; Moellendorff gehört zu den wenigen der deutschen wissenschaftlichen und technischen Elite, die sich mutig dem Nazi‐Regime entgegengestellten.
Stochastic sensitivity analysis for timing and amplitude of pressure waves in the arterial system
Authors: Eck V. G. , Feinberg J. , Langtangen H. P. , Hellevik L. R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn the field of computational hemodynamics, sensitivity quantification of pressure and flow wave dynamics has received little attention. This work presents a novel study of the sensitivity of pressure‐wave timing and amplitude in the arterial system with respect to arterial stiffness. Arterial pressure and flow waves were simulated with a one‐dimensional distributed wave propagation model for compliant arterial networks. Sensitivity analysis of this model was based on a generalized polynomial chaos expansion evaluated by a stochastic collocation method. First‐order statistical sensitivity indices were formulated to assess the effect of arterial stiffening on timing and amplitude of the pressure wave and backward‐propagating pressure wave in the ascending aorta, at the maximum pressure and inflection point in the systolic phase. Only the stiffness of aortic arteries was found to significantly influence timing and amplitude of the backward‐propagating pressure wave, whereas other large arteries in the systemic tree showed marginal impact. Furthermore, the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and infrarenal abdominal aorta had the largest influence on amplitude, whereas only the thoracic aorta influenced timing. Our results showed that the non‐intrusive polynomial chaos expansion is an efficient method to compute statistical sensitivity measures for wave propagation models. These sensitivities provide new knowledge in the relative importance of arterial stiffness at various locations in the arterial network. Moreover, they will significantly influence clinical data collection and effective composition of the arterial tree for in‐silico clinical studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should the Woodward–Hoffmann Rules be Applied to Mechanochemical Reactions?
Authors: Wollenhaupt Miriam , Krupička Martin , Marx Dominik 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSince decades, pericyclic reactions have been well‐understood by means of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules and their classification as thermally or photochemically “allowed” or “forbidden”. Recently, stunning results on such reactions subject to mechanochemical activation by external forces instead of heat or light have revealed reaction pathways at sufficiently large forces, which are not expected from the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. This led to the much reiterated idea that the “Woodward–Hoffmann rules are broken in mechanochemistry”. Here, by studying ring‐opening of cyclopropane, we show that the electronic structure underlying the dis‐ and conrotatory pathways, which are greatly distorted upon applying forces to an extent that eventually the “thermally forbidden” process becomes “mechanochemically allowed”, does not change along both pathways. It is rather the mechanical work that lowers the activation barrier of the thermally forbidden conrotatory process relative to the disrotatory one at large forces.
Symbolic factorization methodology for multistage amplifier transfer functions
Authors: Grasso A. D. , Marano D. , Pennisi S. , Vazzana G. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we discuss a symbolic simplification methodology to derive approximated factorized forms of the transfer function of multistage amplifiers in the complex frequency domain. The developed approach is useful for hand calculation and is also suitable to be implemented in symbolic computer‐aided design tools. Although the proposed methodology is mainly intended for the analysis and design of operational transconductance amplifiers, it can straightforwardly be applied to the small‐signal analysis of any analog linear circuit. Design examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach implemented through a Matlab function. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Relationship between the Mg‐Containing Nitridosilicates Ca2Mg[Li4Si2N6] and Li2Ca2[Mg2Si2N6]
Authors: Schmiechen Sebastian , Nietschke Frederik , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCa2Mg[Li4Si2N6] and Li2Ca2[Mg2Si2N6] were synthesized in sealed tantalum ampules with Li as a fluxing agent. Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/m (no. 12). The crystal structures were solved and refined on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data [Z = 2; Ca2Mg[Li4Si2N6]: a = 5.9059(12), b = 9.817(2), c = 5.6109(11) Å, β = 94.90(3)°, R1 = 0.015, wR2 = 0.049; Li2Ca2[Mg2Si2N6]: a = 5.5472(11), b = 9.844(2), c = 5.9978(12) Å, β = 97.13(3)°, R1 = 0.024, wR2 = 0.053]. Ca2Mg[Li4Si2N6] is isomorphic to Ca3[Li4Si2N6] and its crystal structure is homeotypic to that of Li2Ca2[Mg2Si2N6]. Both structures are built up of edge‐sharing [Si2N6]10– tetrahedra (bow‐tie units). In the nitridolithosilicate Ca2Mg[Li4Si2N6] the bow‐tie units are connected via pairs of LiN4 tetrahedra, whereas in the nitridomagnesosilicate Li2Ca2[Mg2Si2N6] the nitridosilicate substructure is connected by chains of MgN4 tetrahedra. Ca2Mg[Li4Si2N6] is only the second example of fourfold planar rectangular coordinated Mg2+ in a nitridosilicate. Li2Ca2[Mg2Si2N6] is the first nitridosilicate with Li+ in threefold coordination. The crystal structures were confirmed by lattice‐energy calculations (MAPLE), EDX measurements, and powder X‐ray diffraction.
Osmium–Nitrosyl Oxalato‐Bridged Lanthanide‐Centered Pentanuclear Complexes – Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Gavriluta Anatolie , Claiser Nicolas , Kuhn Paul‐Steffen , Novitchi Ghenadie , Tommasino Jean Bernard , Iasco Olga , Druta Vadim , Arion Vladimir B. , Luneau Dominique 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of pentanuclear heterometallic coordination compounds of the general formula (Bu4N)5[Ln{Os(NO)(μ‐ox)Cl3}4(H2O)n] [Ln = Y (for 2) and Dy (for 3′) when n = 0; Ln = Dy (for 3), Tb (for 4), and Gd (for 5) when n = 1] were synthesized by the reaction of the precursor (Bu4N)2[Os(NO)(ox)Cl3] (1) with the respective lanthanide(III) (Gd, Tb, Dy) or yttrium(III) chloride. For the five new complexes, the coordination numbers eight or nine are found for the central metal ion. The compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and ESI mass spectrometry. In addition, compound 1 was studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the anionic complexes consist of a lanthanide or yttrium core bridged through oxalato ligands to four octahedral osmium–nitrosyl moieties. This picture, in which the central ion is eight‐coordinate, holds for lanthanide ions with an ionic radius smaller than that of the dysprosium(III) ion. For larger ionic radii, the central metal ion is nine‐coordinate, as the coordination sphere is completed by one molecule of water. Only in the case of dysprosium(III), it was possible to obtain complexes with both coordination numbers 8 and 9. This implies that dysprosium(III) is the tilt limit between the two coordination numbers in this series. The bond length Ln–O decreases from Dy to Gd. The nine‐coordinate complexes are energetically more favored for lanthanide ions with a radius larger than that of the dysprosium(III) ion, and the eight‐coordinate complexes are favored for smaller ions. Magnetic studies of the series of compounds showed that the osmium precursor 1 as well as the yttrium compound 2 are diamagnetic, whereas the magnetism of the gadolinium, terbium, and dysprosium complexes is due to isolated lanthanide ions.
Bar dynamics and bifurcation evolution in a modelled braided sand‐bed river
Authors: Schuurman Filip , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMorphodynamics in sand‐bed braided rivers are associated with simultaneous evolution of mid‐channel bars and channels on the braidplain. Bifurcations around mid‐channel bars are key elements that divide discharge and sediment. This, in turn, may control the evolution of connected branches, with effects propagating to both upstream and downstream bifurcations. Recent works on bifurcation stability and development hypothesize major roles of secondary flow and gradient advantage. However, this has not been tested for channel networks within a fully developed dynamic braided river. A reason for this is a lack of detailed measurements with sufficient temporal and spatial length, covering multiple bifurcations. Therefore we used a physics‐based numerical model to generate a dataset of bathymetry, flow and sediment transport of an 80 km river reach with self‐formed braid bars and bifurcations. The study shows that bar dissection due to local transverse water surface gradients is the dominant bifurcation initiation mechanism, although conversion of unit bars into compound bars dominates in the initial stage of a braided river. Several bifurcation closure mechanisms are equally important. Furthermore, the study showed that nodal point relations for bifurcations are unable to predict short‐term bifurcation evolution in a braided river. This is explained by occurrence of nonlinear processes and non‐uniformity within the branches, in particular migrating bars and larger‐scale backwater‐effects, which are not included in the nodal point relations. Planform morphology, on the other hand, has predictive capacity: bifurcation angle asymmetry and bar‐tail limb shape are indicators for near‐future bifurcation evolution. Remote sensing data has predictive value, for which we developed a conceptual model for interactions between bars, bifurcations and channels in the network. We conducted a preliminary test of the conceptual model on satellite images of the Brahmaputra. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long- and short-term effects of smothering and burial by drill cuttings on calcareous algae in a static-renewal test
Authors: Reynier Márcia V. , Tâmega Frederico T. S. , Daflon Sarah D. A. , Santos Maurício A. B. , Coutinho Ricardo , Figueiredo Marcia A. O. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Discharge of drill cuttings into the ocean during drilling of offshore oil wells can impact benthic communities through an increase in the concentrations of suspended particles in the water column and sedimentation of particles on the seafloor around the drilling installation. The present study assessed effects of water-based drill cuttings, barite, bentonite, and natural sediments on shallow- and deep-water calcareous algae in short-term (30 d) and long-term (90 d) experiments, using 2 species from Peregrino's oil field at Campos Basin, Brazil: Mesophyllum engelhartii and Lithothamnion sp. The results were compared with the shallow-water species Lithothamnion crispatum. Smothering and burial exposures were simulated. Oxygen production and fluorescence readings were recorded. Although less productive, M. engelhartii was as sensitive to stress as Lithothamnion sp. Mesophyllum engelhartii was sensitive to smothering by drill cuttings, barite, and bentonite after 60 d of exposure and was similarly affected by natural sediments after 90 d. These results indicate that smothering by sediments caused physical effects that might be attributable to partial light attenuation and partial restriction on gas exchange but did not kill the calcareous algae in the long term. However, 1-mo burial by either natural sediments or drill cuttings was sufficient after 60 d for both species to reduce oxygen production, and the algae were completely dead under both sources of sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1572–1577. © 2015 SETAC
An HPLC method for hydroperoxides derived from limonene and linalool in citrus oils, using post‐column luminol‐mediated chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Calandra Michael J. , Impellizzeri John , Wang Ying 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLimonene and linalool are unsaturated terpenes commonly found as major components in many essential oils, and both are easily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to form hydroperoxides. The hydroperoxides of both limonene and linalool are known to be sensitizers capable of causing allergic contact dermatitis, but with different potency. In addition, positional isomers of limonene hydroperoxide have been demonstrated to have different allergenic potencies. This creates a need for an analytical method that is capable of differentiating hydroperoxides derived from different terpenes, including the various positional isomers. The standard iodometric titration methods [peroxide value (POV) methods] typically used to measure hydroperoxide levels in essential oils provide only a total level of all oxidizing species, including hydroperoxides. These POV methods are not capable of species differentiation and therefore may not reliably correlate well with the skin sensitizing potency of a particular sample. A high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using a post‐column reaction to produce chemiluminescence via luminol oxidation was developed to address the need for a species‐differentiating method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis Include the Cost of Consumption Activities? AN Empirical Investigation
Authors: Adarkwah Charles Christian , Sadoghi Amirhossein , Gandjour Afschin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThere has been a debate on whether cost‐effectiveness analysis should consider the cost of consumption and leisure time activities when using the quality‐adjusted life year as a measure of health outcome under a societal perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effects of ill health on consumptive activities are spontaneously considered in a health state valuation exercise and how much this matters.The survey enrolled patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Germany (n = 104). Patients were randomized to explicit and no explicit instruction for the consideration of consumption and leisure effects in a time trade‐off (TTO) exercise.Explicit instruction to consider non‐health‐related utility in TTO exercises did not influence TTO scores. However, spontaneous consideration of non‐health‐related utility in patients without explicit instruction (60% of respondents) led to significantly lower TTO scores.Results suggest an inclusion of consumption costs in the numerator of the cost‐effectiveness ratio, at least for those respondents who spontaneously consider non‐health‐related utility from treatment. Results also suggest that exercises eliciting health valuations from the general public may include a description of the impact of disease on consumptive activities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nothing About Us Without Us? A Comparison of Adolescent and Adult Health‐State Values for the Child Health Utility‐9D Using Profile Case Best–Worst Scaling
Authors: Ratcliffe Julie , Huynh Elisabeth , Stevens Katherine , Brazier John , Sawyer Michael , Flynn Terry 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to compare and contrast adolescent and adult values for the Child Health Utility‐9D (CHU9D), a new generic preference‐based measure of health‐related quality of life designed for application in the economic evaluation of treatment and preventive programmes for children and adolescents. Previous studies have indicated that there may be systematic differences in adolescent and adult values for identical health states. An online survey including a series of best–worst scaling discrete choice experiment questions for health states defined by the CHU9D was administered to two general population samples comprising adults and adolescents, respectively. The results highlight potentially important age‐related differences in the values attached to CHU9D dimensions. Adults, in general, placed less weight upon impairments in mental health (worried, sad, annoyed) and more weight upon moderate to severe levels of pain relative to adolescents. The source of values (adults or adolescents) has important implications for economic evaluation and may impact significantly upon healthcare policy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a standard lexicon for ecosystem services
Authors: Munns Wayne R , Rea Anne W , Mazzotta Marisa J , Wainger Lisa A , Saterson Kathryn 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The complex, widely dispersed, and cumulative environmental challenges currently facing society require holistic, transdisciplinary approaches to resolve. The concept of ecosystem services (ES) has become more widely accepted as a framework that fosters a broader systems perspective of sustainability and can make science more responsive to the needs of decision makers and the public. Successful transdisciplinary approaches require a common language and understanding of key concepts. Our primary objective is to encourage the ES research and policy communities to standardize terminology and definitions, to facilitate mutual understanding by multidisciplinary researchers and policy makers. As an important step toward standardization, we present a lexicon developed to inform ES research conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency and its partners. We describe a straightforward conceptualization of the relationships among environmental decisions, their effects on ecological systems and the services they provide, and human well-being. This provides a framework for common understanding and use of ES terminology. We encourage challenges to these definitions and attempts to advance standardization of a lexicon in ways that might be more meaningful to our ultimate objective: informing environmental decisions in ways that promote the sustainability of the environment upon which we all depend. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;9999:XX–XX. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the USA.
Key Points
Issues of sustainability require holistic, transdisciplinary approaches to resolve. The ecosystem services concept-characterized by a broader systems perspective of sustainability-can help science to inform decision making. Lack of standard terminology hinders scientific progress and its policy application. We offer a standard lexicon of ecosystem service terminology, which can promote scientific advancement and application to policy and management.
TSLP is differentially regulated by vitamin D3 and cytokines in human skin
Authors: Landheer Janneke , Giovannone Barbara , Sadekova Svetlana , Tjabringa Sandra , Hofstra Claudia , Dechering Koen , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen Carla , Chang Charlie , Ying Yu , de Waal Malefyt Rene , Hijnen DirkJan , Knol Edward 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in allergic diseases and is highly expressed in keratinocytes in human lesional atopic dermatitis (AD) skin. In nonlesional AD skin TSLP expression can be induced by applying house dust mite allergen onto the skin in the atopy patch test. Several studies have demonstrated that the induction of TSLP expression in mouse skin does not only lead to AD‐like inflammation of the skin, but also predisposes to severe inflammation of the airways. In mice, TSLP expression can be induced by application of the 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) analogue calcipotriol and results in the development of eczema‐like lesions. The objective is to investigate the effect of VD3 (calcitriol) or calcipotriol on TSLP expression in normal human skin and skin from AD patients. Using multiple ex vivo experimental setups, the effects of calci(po)triol on TSLP expression by normal human skin, and skin from AD patients were investigated and compared to effects of calcipotriol on mouse and non‐human primates (NHP) skin. No induction of TSLP expression (mRNA or protein) was observed in human keratinocytes, normal human skin, nonlesional AD skin, or NHP skin samples after stimulation with calcipotriol or topical application of calcitriol. The biological activity of calci(po)triol in human skin samples was demonstrated by the increased expression of the VD3‐responsive Cyp24a1 gene. TSLP expression was induced by cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐13, and TNF‐α) in skin samples from all three species. In contrast to the findings in human and NHP, a consistent increase in TSLP expression was confirmed in mouse skin biopsies after stimulation with calcipotriol. VD3 failed to induce expression of TSLP in human or monkey skin in contrast to mouse, implicating careful extrapolation of this often‐used mouse model to AD patients.