bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the use of data from national childhood obesity surveillance programmes in primary care: a conceptual synthesis
Authors: Henderson E. J. , Ells L. J. , Rubin G. P. , Hunter D. J 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis study reviewed the use in primary care of national surveillance data for children to determine the data's potential utility to inform policy and practice decisions on how to prevent and treat childhood obesity. We reviewed the 28 countries identified by the World Obesity Federation as having high‐quality comparable body mass index data for children. Literature published from any period up to December 2013 was included. Peer review literature was searched using Web of Science (Core Collection, MEDLINE). Grey literature was searched using the Internet by country name, programme name and national health and government websites. We included studies that (i) use national surveillance obesity data in primary care, or (ii) explore practitioner or parent perspectives about the use of such data. The main uses of national surveillance data in primary care were to identify and recruit obese children and their parents to participate in school and general practice‐based research and/or interventions, and to inform families of children's measurements. Findings indicate a need for school staff and practitioners to receive additional training and support to sensitively communicate with families. Translation of these findings into policy and practice could help to improve current uses of national child obesity surveillance data in primary care.
Sensitization to milk, egg and peanut from birth to 18 years: A longitudinal study of a cohort at risk of allergic disease
Authors: Alduraywish Shatha A. , Lodge Caroline J. , Vicendese Don , Lowe Adrian J. , Erbas Bircan , Matheson Melanie C. , Hopper John , Hill David J. , Axelrad Christine , Abramson Michael J. , Allen Katrina J. , Dharmage Shyamali C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal data on the natural history of food sensitization beyond early childhood are scarce. We aimed to investigate the natural history of milk, egg and peanut sensitization from infancy to 18 years and assess whether early food sensitization predicted adolescent food allergy.MethodsSensitization to cow's milk, hen's egg and peanut was measured by skin prick testing at ages 6 months, 1, 2, 12 and 18 years in a high‐risk allergy birth cohort (n = 620). Generalized additive models investigated interactions with sex, eczema and aeroallergen sensitization in infancy. Logistic regression assessed the relationships between early food sensitization and adolescent sensitization and probable food allergy up to 18 years.ResultsThe prevalence of egg and peanut sensitization peaked at 12 months, while milk sensitization peaked at both 1 and 12 years. Boys with early eczema had the highest prevalences of milk and egg sensitization throughout follow‐ups. However, neither sex nor eczema influenced the prevalence of peanut sensitization over time. New onset food sensitization beyond the age of 2 was observed in 7% of participants.Food sensitization at 12 months was associated with increased risk of adolescent food sensitization and adolescent probable food allergy, with sensitization to more than one food allergen had the strongest predictor.ConclusionsFood sensitization prevalence is highest in infancy and declines after 12 months of age. Boys with early‐life eczema have the highest prevalence of milk and egg sensitization. Food sensitization at 12 months can predict children at greater risk of adolescent sensitization and probable food allergy at 12 and 18 years.
Preferred Presentation of the Visual Analog Scale for Measurement of Postoperative Pain
Authors: Kjeldsen Helle Birgitte , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate differences in pain scores with different visual analog scale (VAS) presentations and to compare those differences with a numeric rating scale. We also asked the patients for preference of the different methods.MethodsPrior to the trial, we performed power calculations to estimate a preferred sample size, and 62 postoperative patients supplied a complete set of data to the study. Inclusion criteria were newly operated patients within the first 5 days after surgery. Every patient included was with 1‐minute intervals and presented with one of the following 100‐mm VAS lines: VAS horizontal with or without stop lines at the endings, or VAS vertical with or without stop lines. They also completed a numeric rating scale (NRS).ResultsWe did not find differences in pain scores between the four VAS measures. The NRS had slightly higher pain scores than VAS, especially at low levels of pain. Patients preferred the NRS as compared to the VAS, and when choosing between the four different VAS presentations, they preferred the horizontal VAS with stop lines at the ends.ConclusionFor daily clinical practice for guiding postoperative analgesic treatment, the NRS seems to be a good option measuring pain reliably with good patient understanding and acceptance. For pain research, where there may be more time to explain the method and when a scale with more data points may be preferred, a VAS horizontal including stop lines at the ends can be recommended.
Rare combination of congenital heart disease and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Miyamoto Takashi , Yoshitake Shuichi , Naito Yuji , Kobayashi Tomio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHere, we describe a case of total anomalous pulmonary venous return with coarctation of the aorta that was diagnosed as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis at autopsy in a male infant. Surgical repair was performed at 1 day of age, but the infant died on postoperative day 51 due to respiratory insufficiency without any evidence of pulmonary venous obstruction. He had been unexpectedly diagnosed with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary hypoplasia on autopsy. Congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a serious condition with a high mortality rate, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a clinical picture of pulmonary venous obstruction, because most patients are unable to survive without proper treatment. In this report, we address specific issues that should be discussed in such cases based on our recent experience.
Deglycosylation of Toxocara excretory–secretory antigens improves the specificity of the serodiagnosis for human toxocariasis
Authors: Roldán W.H. , Elefant G. R. , Ferreira A. W. 
Published: August 2015

SummarySerodiagnosis of human toxocariasis is difficult in tropical areas where other helminthiasis are endemic. Many studies have shown that glycans from helminths may be the responsible for cross‐reactions in the immunoassays. In this study, we have evaluated the deglycosylation of the Toxocara canis excretory–secretory (TES) antigens for the detection of IgG antibodies using a panel of 228 serum samples (58 patients with toxocariasis, 75 patients with other helminth infections and 95 healthy individuals) by ELISA and Western blot assays. Our results showed that the deglycosylation of TES antigens resulted in a single fraction of 26 kDa (dTES) and was able to detect IgG antibodies with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in both above‐mentioned assays. The rate of cross‐reactions, observed in ELISA with TES (13·3%), was significantly reduced (5·3%) when the dTES antigens were used. Likewise, the cross‐reactivity observed with the fractions of 32, 55 and 70 kDa of the TES antigens was totally eliminated when the dTES were used in the Western blot. All these results showed that the deglycosylation of the TES antigens really improves the specificity of the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis in endemic areas for helminth infections.
Stress Response of Veterinary Students to Gynaecological Examination of Horse Mares – Effects of Simulator‐Based and Animal‐Based Training
Authors: Nagel C , Ille N , Erber R , Aurich C , Aurich J 
Published: August 2015

ContentsInvasive procedures in animals are challenging for veterinary students who may perceive a gynaecological examination of mares as stressful. Simulator‐based training may reduce stress. In this study, students received equine gynaecology training 4 times either on horses (group H; n = 14) or a teaching simulator (group SIM; n = 13). One day and 14 days thereafter, their diagnostic skills were tested on horses (skills tests 1 and 2). During the skills tests, the students’ stress response was analysed by heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) parameters SDRR (standard deviation of beat‐to‐beat [RR] interval) and RMSSD (root‐mean‐square of successive RR differences), and salivary cortisol. In addition, students answered a questionnaire on their perceived stress. Sympathetic activation with increased heart rate (p < 0.001) occurred in both skills tests. In test 1, this increase was more pronounced in SIM than in H students (time × group p < 0.01). HRV decreased in students of both groups (p < 0.001). In skills test 1, this decrease was more pronounced for SIM than for H students (between groups and time × group p < 0.01 for SDRR and p < 0.05 for RMSSD). High cortisol concentrations before the skills tests may indicate an anticipatory stress response. Subjective stress perception of students was higher in skills test 1 vs 2 (p < 0.01). In skills test 2, H students felt more stressed than SIM students (p < 0.01). Self‐assessment thus differed from physiological stress parameters. In conclusion, gynaecological examination of mares evoked a moderate stress response in veterinary students, which was more evident after simulator‐based than animal‐based training.
Mechanism of altruism approach to blood donor recruitment and retention: a review and future directions
Authors: Ferguson E. 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYWhy do people donate blood? Altruism is the common answer. However, altruism is a complex construct and to answer this question requires a systematic analysis of the insights from the biology, economics and psychology of altruism. I term this the mechanism of altruism (MOA) approach and apply it here for understanding blood donor motivation. The answer also has enormous implications for the type of interventions we choose to adopt as a society. AMOAapproach so far shows that blood donors are a mixture of (i) warm‐glow givers (donation is emotionally rewarding) and (ii) reluctant altruists (cooperate rather than defect when free‐riding is high). Donors also show ‘saintly sinning’ with the extra ‘moral currency’ form blood donation allowing them to be less generous in other contexts. TheMOAapproach suggests why financial incentives, in terms of gifts/lottery tickets, are effective and suggests a number of novel interventions for donor recruitment: ‘voluntary reciprocal altruism’ and ‘charitable incentivisation’. The MOA approach also highlights the need for an intervention developed specifically for recipients to allow them to show their gratitude to donors and for society to celebrate blood donation. It is suggests a ‘Monument to Blood Donors’ will achieve this. The approach suggests a number of novel research questions into (i) donor self‐selection effects, (ii) conditional cooperation and (iii) construct overlap with Theory of Planned Behaviour (e.g. affective attitudes and warm‐glow). TheMOAoffers a powerful way to understand blood donor motivations around altruism and develop theoretically driven interventions.
A systems biology approach identifies new regulators of poplar root development under low nitrogen
Authors: Dash Madhumita , Yordanov Yordan S. , Georgieva Tatyana , Kumari Sapna , Wei Hairong , Busov Victor 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn Populus, low nitrogen (LN) elicits rapid and vigorous lateral root (LR) proliferation, which is closely mirrored by corresponding transcriptomic changes. Using transcriptomic data, we built a genetic network encompassing a large proportion of the differentially regulated transcriptome. The network is organized in a hierarchical fashion, centered on 11 genes. Transgenic manipulations of only three of the 11 genes had a strong impact on root development under LN. These three genes encoded an F‐box protein similar to Hawaiian Skirt (PtaHWS) and two transcription factors (PtaRAP2.11 and PtaNAC1). Up‐ and downregulation of the three genes caused increased and decreased root proliferation under LN conditions, respectively. The transgenic manipulations had a strong positive effect on growth under greenhouse conditions including increased shoot and root biomass. The three genes appeared to encompass a putative yet‐unknown mechanism that underlies root development under LN. Specifically, the genes are predominantly expressed in roots and have a similar temporal response to LN. More importantly, transgenic manipulation for each of the three genes had a highly significant impact on the expression of the other two. The transgenic manipulations appear to also affect the expression of the regulatory miRNA (PtamiRNA164e) of one of the transcription factors (PtaNAC1), albeit in an opposite fashion. Consistent with a putative function of PtaHWS in proteasome degradation, treatment with proteasome inhibitor reversed the expression changes in the transgenic plants. The insights from this study will allow genetic modifications of root architecture for more efficient and dynamic nitrogen foraging in biofuel crops like poplar.
Determinants of Trade Costs and Trade Growth Accounting between India and the European Union during 1995–2010
Authors: Gaurav Abhishek , Mathur Somesh K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to utilise the micro‐founded measure of trade cost derived by Novy to estimate the relative bilateral trade costs of India with its European Union partners. The advantage of using such a model is that the trade costs can be derived entirely using observable trade data. The results show that Indian tariff equivalent with its major EU trading partners has declined by 20 percentage points between 1995 and 2010, with Malta and Latvia experiencing the greatest decline. The study then decomposes the bilateral trade growth to ascertain whether it is an outcome of increased domestic production or reduction in bilateral and multilateral trade barriers. Novy's model indicates that the decline in relative bilateral trade costs explains the greatest percentage of this trade growth, which is partially offset by decline in multilateral resistance terms that has diverted trade away to other trading partners primarily in South and South‐East Asia and North America.
Technical Note: A Monte Carlo study of magnetic‐field‐induced radiation dose effects in mice
Authors: Rubinstein Ashley E. , Liao Zhongxing , Melancon Adam D. , Guindani Michele , Followill David S. , Tailor Ramesh C. , Hazle John D. , Court Laurence E. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:Magnetic fields are known to alter radiation dose deposition. Before patients receive treatment using an MRI‐linear accelerator (MRI‐Linac), preclinical studies are needed to understand the biological consequences of magnetic‐field‐induced dose effects. In the present study, the authors sought to identify a beam energy and magnetic field strength combination suitable for preclinical murine experiments.Methods:Magnetic field dose effects were simulated in a mouse lung phantom using various beam energies (225 kVp, 350 kVp, 662 keV [Cs‐137], 2 MV, and 1.25 MeV [Co‐60]) and magnetic field strengths (0.75, 1.5, and 3 T). The resulting dose distributions were compared with those in a simulated human lung phantom irradiated with a 6 or 8 MV beam and orthogonal 1.5 T magnetic field.Results:In the human lung phantom, the authors observed a dose increase of 45% and 54% at the soft‐tissue‐to‐lung interface and a dose decrease of 41% and 48% at the lung‐to‐soft‐tissue interface for the 6 and 8 MV beams, respectively. In the mouse simulations, the magnetic fields had no measurable effect on the 225 or 350 kVp dose distribution. The dose increases with the Cs‐137 beam for the 0.75, 1.5, and 3 T magnetic fields were 9%, 29%, and 42%, respectively. The dose decreases were 9%, 21%, and 37%. For the 2 MV beam, the dose increases were 16%, 33%, and 31% and the dose decreases were 9%, 19%, and 30%. For the Co‐60 beam, the dose increases were 19%, 54%, and 44%, and the dose decreases were 19%, 42%, and 40%.Conclusions:The magnetic field dose effects in the mouse phantom using a Cs‐137, 3 T combination or a Co‐60, 1.5 or 3 T combination most closely resemble those in simulated human treatments with a 6 MV, 1.5 T MRI‐Linac. The effects with a Co‐60, 1.5 T combination most closely resemble those in simulated human treatments with an 8 MV, 1.5 T MRI‐Linac.
Genome Sequence of
Microbacterium
sp. Strain 3J1, a Highly Desiccation-Tolerant Bacterium That Promotes Plant Growth
Authors: Manzanera Maximino , García-Fontana Cristina , Vílchez Juan Ignacio , Narváez-Reinaldo Juan Jesús , González-López Jesús 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence for
Microbacterium
sp. strain 3J1, a desiccation-tolerant organism isolated from the
Nerium oleander
rhizosphere, is reported here. The genome is estimated to be approximately 3.5 Mb in size, with an average G+C content of 67.7% and a predicted number of protein-coding sequences of 3,310.
Draft Genome Sequence of Alteromonas macleodii Strain MIT1002, Isolated from an Enrichment Culture of the Marine Cyanobacterium
Prochlorococcus
Authors: Biller Steven J. , Coe Allison , Martin-Cuadrado Ana-Belen , Chisholm Sallie W. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Alteromonas
spp. are heterotrophic gammaproteobacteria commonly found in marine environments. We present here the draft genome sequence of
Alteromonas macleodii
MIT1002, which was isolated from an enrichment culture of the marine cyanobacterium
Prochlorococcus
NATL2A. This genome contains a mixture of features previously seen only within either the “surface” or “deep”
Alteromonas
ecotype.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two IMP-4-Producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Isolates in Australia
Authors: Sidjabat Hanna E. , Robson Jennifer , Paterson David L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of two unrelated cases of
Escherichia coli
sequence type 131 (ST131) possessing the carbapenemase gene
bla
IMP-4
. The
E. coli
ST131 SN5 isolate also possessed
bla
SHV-12
and plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance genes. Wider dissemination of
bla
IMP-4
may occur due to the
bla
IMP-4
-carrying L/M or HI2 plasmids among
E. coli
ST131 isolates.
It Is Not All about Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms: Comparison of Mobile Genetic Elements and Deletions in Listeria monocytogenes Genomes Links Cases of Hospital-Acquired Listeriosis to the Environmental Source
Authors: Wang Qinning , Holmes Nadine , Martinez Elena , Howard Peter , Hill-Cawthorne Grant , Sintchenko Vitali 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

The control of food-borne outbreaks caused by
Listeria monocytogenes
in humans relies on the timely identification of food or environmental sources and the differentiation of outbreak-related isolates from unrelated ones. This study illustrates the utility of whole-genome sequencing for examining the link between clinical and environmental isolates of
L. monocytogenes
associated with an outbreak of hospital-acquired listeriosis in Sydney, Australia. Comparative genomic analysis confirmed an epidemiological link between the three clinical and two environmental isolates. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis showed that only two SNPs separated the three human outbreak isolates, which differed by 19 to 20 SNPs from the environmental isolates and 71 to >10,000 SNPs from sporadic
L. monocytogenes
isolates. The chromosomes of all human outbreak isolates and the two suspected environmental isolates were syntenic. In contrast to the genomes of background sporadic isolates, all epidemiologically linked isolates contained two novel prophages and a previously unreported clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) locus subtype sequence. The mobile genetic element (MGE) profile of these isolates was distinct from that of the other serotype 1/2b reference strains and sporadic isolates. The identification of SNPs and clonally distinctive MGEs strengthened evidence to distinguish outbreak-related isolates of
L. monocytogenes
from cocirculating endemic strains.
Evaluation of Performance of Two Rapid Tests for Detection of HIV-1 and -2 in High- and Low-Prevalence Populations in Nigeria
Authors: Manak Mark M. , Njoku Ogbonnaya S. , Shutt Ashley , Malia Jennifer , Jagodzinski Linda L. , Milazzo Mark , Suleiman Aminu , Ogundeji Amos A. , Nelson Robert , Ayemoba Ojor R. , O'Connell Robert J. , Singer Darrell E. , Michael Nelson L. , Peel Sheila A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
The availability of reliable human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1/2) rapid tests in resource-limited settings represents an important advancement in the accurate diagnosis of HIV infection and presents opportunities for implementation of effective prevention and treatment interventions among vulnerable populations. A study of the potential target populations for future HIV vaccine studies examined the prevalence of HIV infections at six selected sites in Nigeria and evaluated the use of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for HIV. The populations included market workers at sites adjacent to military installations and workers at highway settlements (truck stops) who may have a heightened risk of HIV exposure. Samples from 3,187 individuals who provided informed consent were tested in parallel using the Determine (DT) and Stat-Pak (SP) RDTs; discordant results were subjected to the Uni-Gold (UG) RDT as a tiebreaker. The results were compared to those of a third-generation enzyme immunoassay screen with confirmation of repeat reactive samples by HIV-1 Western blotting. One participant was HIV-2 infected, yielding positive results on both RDTs. Using the laboratory algorithm as a gold standard, we calculated sensitivities of 98.5% (confidence interval [CI], 97.1 to 99.8%) for DT and 98.1% (CI, 96.7 to 99.6%) for SP and specificities of 98.7% (CI, 98.3 −99.1%) for DT and 99.8% (CI, 99.6 to 100%) for SP. Similar results were obtained when the sites were stratified into those of higher HIV prevalence (9.4% to 22.8%) versus those of lower prevalence (3.2% to 7.3%). A parallel two-test algorithm requiring both DT and SP to be positive resulted in the highest sensitivity (98.1%; CI, 96.7 to 99.6%) and specificity (99.97%; CI, 99.9 to 100%) relative to those for the reference laboratory algorithm.