bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context
Authors: Chanda Chiseni Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the twentieth century, Africa became one of the most missionized regions. However, the experiences of the missionaries when settling in Africa varied based on the geographical, cultural, political, and economic context of the various regions. Consequently, studying long-term missionary influence is contingent on understanding the local conditions in which they settled. In this study, I emphasize that case studies provide a better understanding of the context; therefore, this chapter provides a clearer view of Zambia by introducing the geographical, pre-colonial, and colonial context.
Results and Discussion
Authors: Chanda Chiseni Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter unveils the primary outcomes. The study reveals that economic, geographical, and agricultural elements played pivotal roles in shaping the pace of missionary expansion in Zambia. While the progression of missionary education was gradual and unequal between genders during the colonial era. Moreover, medical missionaries notably addressed the healthcare needs of the African populace, leveraging local auxiliaries. Additionally, the evidence underscores that historical exposure to missionaries continues to exert a substantial influence on education and health outcomes in Zambia.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Chanda Chiseni Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a concise overview of the primary findings presented in the book, which are derived from a comprehensive analysis encompassing four key aspects. These include the factors influencing the selection of missionary locations, the contributions of missionaries in establishing educational institutions and the subsequent long-term effects, the collaborative efforts of both missionaries and Africans in pioneering the colonial healthcare system, and lastly, the influence of Christian missionaries on HIV and associated sexual behaviors in Zambia. Additionally, the chapter highlights potential avenues for further investigation in this field.
Prediction of Construction Water Inflow of Karst Water-Rich Tunnel Without Drainage Tunnel
Authors: Li Wei , Hao Shiquan , Wang Ju , Zou Junpeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe construction of infrastructure in China faces substantial challenges due to the complex geological conditions and groundwater in karst areas, particularly in tunnel construction. The construction of the Maoping Port railway tunnel in the Three Gorges Hub area has been accompanied by the emergence of caves and faults. The excavation process for the tunnel has been found to expose caves and cavities, leading to sudden surges of water and mud, which can pose a risk. Hence, there is a pressing need to precisely forecast the water inflow in the karst region of Yangmuling Tunnel, in order to furnish guidance for the tunnel’s drainage and to avert surging water disasters in the absence of a relief hole. This study focuses on the water-rich karst issue in Yangmuling Tunnel. The research employed on-site hydraulic pressure monitoring and finite element numerical simulation to investigate the seepage and water influx properties of the tunnel without water relief hole. The outcomes of the study reveal that a low water pressure zone forms near the tunnel after excavation, and water pressure gradually increases outward. When the tunnel reaches the karst pipe, there is a sharp increase in water influx. Simultaneously, the low water pressure zone in the karst area sharply expands, resulting in an irregular shape. Excavation of the tunnel exposed the karst pipe, causing a rise in flow velocity in the karst zone towards the front of the tunnel face, but it subsequently declined rapidly. The alteration in flow velocity within the rock section surrounding the tunnel face was comparatively uniform.
Numerical Analysis of High-Performance Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Eccentric Loading
Authors: Peng Yuxuan , Sun Dezhang , Dai Junwu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article is based on the eccentric compression test of HRB650E reinforced high-strength concrete columns. ABAQUS finite element software is used to conduct finite element analysis on HRB650E reinforced high-strength concrete column specimens. Comparing the simulation results with the experimental results, it can be found that the two fit well. By observing the patterns of experimental and simulation results, it can be concluded that the bearing capacity of HRB650E grade reinforced high-strength concrete columns is good, and improving the concrete strength can enhance the bearing capacity of the specimens.
Conflict Between Fracture Toughness and Tensile Strength in Determining Fracture Strength of Rock Samples with a Circular Hole
Authors: Lakirouhani Ali , Jolfaei Somaie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, using a two-dimensional numerical model based on the finite element method, the fracture pressure of rock samples with a circular hole in the center is obtained. In this model, a mixed criterion is used to determine the fracture pressure, which is a combination of the tensile strength criterion and the fracture toughness criterion. The superiority of this model over the tensile strength criterion or the fracture toughness criterion is that it shows well the effect of the size of the hole in the middle of the sample on the fracture stress. The main and innovative finding of this article is that if the radius of the hole in the center of the sample is more than 70 mm, the fracture strength of the sample is dependent on the tensile strength of the rock material, and if the radius of the hole is less than 70 mm, the fracture strength is dependent on the fracture toughness. According to other results, the fracture strength decreases with the increase of the radius of the hole in the center of the sample, the decrease rate is high at first and then decreases with the increase of the radius of the hole.
Analysis the Causes of the Slip Embankment Protecting the Slope of Lien Chieu Aviation Petroleum Depot
Authors: Nguyen Hong Nam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe slope protection embankment of Lien Chieu aviation petroleum depot was built in 2001. The embankment is responsible for ensuring safety for the oil tank area and dispensing area, with the capacity of dispensing 13,800 m3 of fuel serving airports in the central region, from Hue to Binh Dinh provinces. In 2008, due to the occurrence of floods, a landslide has destroyed the entire 59.7 m middle segment of longitudinal embankment, leaving the foundation inert. The rest of the embankment body in the North was cracked on the entire surface; the embankment body fell inward; the weight relief plate was cut entirely from the embankment body and collapsed downwards. The collapse of the slope embankment led to the destruction of the oil tanks, causing the operation to stop. It was urgent at that time to investigate the causes of the slope failure and suggest the safe remedial design for the structure. The site investigation and numerical analyses show that the reasons for the failure could be due to the insufficiency of drainage holes to drain groundwater during the flood season characterized by heavy rain, which made the lateral pressure acting on the wall increase significantly, possibly causing the wall structure to be damaged. The proposed design which consists of a low retaining wall and upper slope embankment, both reinforced by geotextiles, could be stable according to numerical modelling with many loading cases. Attention must be paid to the stability of the excavation slope during construction and the difficulties of narrow space for the excavation.
Redesign of a Non-electrified Urban Railway Line with Hydrogen-Fuelled Trains
Authors: Fabri Giuseppe , Ometto Antonio , Li Haitao , D’Ovidio Gino 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe passenger rail transportation system is of strategic importance to the decarbonization of the transportation sector. The use of green hydrogen is an environmentally sustainable option where highly polluting diesel trains currently operate on non-electrified rail lines. This paper proposes a novel adaptive power flow management strategy for urban railway trains powered by a hydrogen fuel cell stack and electrochemical batteries. The fuel cell stack is not dynamically controlled as usual, but it operates in on-off conditions to improve its overall efficiency. It always operates at the maximum efficiency operating point when it provides electrical power (on state) without following the load power variations. Furthermore, the state of the fuel cell stack depends on the state of charge of the electrochemical batteries which is the controlled quantity. As a case study, it is proposed a simulation of a suitably redesigned hydrogen-fuelled railway train operating, over an existing non-electrified line, for the L’Aquila (Italy) urban transportation service. The main components of the railway line and vehicle powertrain are designed, and the hydrogen consumption for railway operation is estimated.
Applications of Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) to Tenth Order Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Shah Qayyum 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to apply the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM), a semi-numerical and semi-analytic technique for solving linear and nonlinear Tenth order boundary value problems. The approximate solution of the problem is calculated in terms of a rapidly convergent series. Two bench mark examples have been considered to illustrate the efficiency and implementation of the method and the results are compared with the Variational Iteration Method (VIM). An interesting result of the analysis is that, the OHAM solution is more accurate than the VIM. Moreover, OHAM provides us with a convenient way to control the convergence of approximate solutions. The obtained solutions have shown that OHAM is effective, simpler, easier and explicit.
Inspection of Old Brick-Concrete Structure Buildings for Remodeling: A Case Study on an Office Building in Yunnan
Authors: Pan Shaohong , Zhao Yanfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAiming at the problems of old brick-concrete structure houses built for a long time, the safety cannot meet the requirements of normal use, and the overall seismic performance of the house is poor, we use the comparison of the testing and appraisal data before and after the reinforcement and transformation, to analyze the feasibility and reasonableness of the reinforcement design scheme. Taking an office building as an example, the theoretical and empirical results show that: by choosing the appropriate ‘method, it can effectively improve the comprehensive seismic capacity and use function of the house and guarantee the normal and safe use of the house.
Study on Axial Compressive Performance of Prefabricated FRP-Steel-Concrete Composite Column
Authors: Hou Dong-Xu , Liu Xiao , Wang Liu-Jie , Wang Bing , Wang Zi-Jian , Wang Qing-Hai , Lv Liang-Xiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper adopts the method by combining the experimental research and theoretical analysis to study the axial compressive performance of prefabricated composite columns. The research is mainly focus on two type of composite column, called ISFTC and IFSTC, composed by FRP, steel tube and concrete. Finite element analysis was carried out to study the influence of inner and outer tubular diameter on the constraining effect. Based on the unified strength theory of double shear and experimental data collected from former literature, the bearing capacity of composite column and the sectional optimization design method was proposed.
Effect of Cyclic Loading on Mechanical Properties of Lap Joints of Prefabricated Steel Fiber Pavement Slabs
Authors: Wang Zijian , Rong Baosheng , Zhang Xin , Fan Hanxiu , Wu Liming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn This paper establishes a finite element model of an assembled steel fiber reinforced concrete pavement slab with lap joints under cyclic loading to analyze the mechanical performance of the slab after 200 and 500 cycles of a vehicle speed of 50 km/h and an axle load of 200 kN. Through finite element software analysis, the curve of the deflection value of the fabricated steel fiber reinforced concrete pavement slab over time is obtained, and a comparative analysis is conducted on the deflection value of the pavement slab under different cycle numbers. The study found that the bending deflection curve of the plate neutralized joints after 200 and 500 vehicle load cycles showed similar patterns, with a maximum deflection value of approximately 0.35 mm; The variation in the plate and joint areas becomes more and more obvious with the increase in the number of cycles, indicating that vibration has an impact on the pavement plate. These conclusions have certain reference value for the design and maintenance of road pavement panels.
Research on the Promotion of Characteristic Prefabricated Buildings Under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Dong Yuan , Zhang Yunlai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNew rural construction is a key part of the rural revitalization strategy. Prefabricated buildings can greatly improve the living quality of buildings and meet the needs of production, life and environmental protection. This paper puts forward the dilemma of traditional architecture and current prefabricated buildings in rural development, puts forward how to promote and develop prefabricated buildings in rural areas with a problem-oriented approach, and puts forward suggestions in terms of economy, technology, policy and publicity guidance. In order to promote the development of characteristic prefabricated farm house building to provide beneficial ideas.
Conformally related vacuum gravitational waves and their symmetries
Authors: Zhao Q. L. , Zhang P. M. , Horváthy P. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A special conformal transformation which carries a vacuum gravitational wave into another vacuum one is built by using Möbius-redefined time. It can either transform a globally defined vacuum wave into a vacuum sandwich wave, or carry the gravitational wave into itself. The first type, illustrated by linearly and circularly polarised vacuum plane gravitational waves, permutes the symmetries and the geodesics. Our second type is a pp wave with conformal O(1, 2) symmetry. An example inspired by molecular physics which seems to have escaped attention so far is an anisotropic generalisation of the familiar inverse-square profile and is reminiscent of Aichelburg-Sexl ultraboosts. The particle can escape, or perform circular periodic motion, or fall into the singularity.
Holography for Sp(2Nc) gauge dynamics: from composite Higgs to technicolour
Authors: Erdmenger Johanna , Evans Nick , Liu Yang , Porod Werner 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study Sp(2Nc) gauge dynamics with two Dirac fermion flavours in the fundamental representation. These strongly coupled systems underlie some composite Higgs models with a global symmetry breaking pattern SU(4)→Sp(4), leading to a light quartet of pseudo-Goldstone bosons that can play the role of the Higgs. Including four-fermion interactions can rotate the vacuum to a technicolour breaking pattern. Using gauge/gravity duality, we study the underlying gauge dynamics. Our model incorporates the Nc-specific running of the fermion anomalous dimension and can thus distinguish between specific gauge groups. We determine the bound-state spectrum of the UV SU(4)→Sp(4) symmetry breaking model, also including fermion masses and mass splitting, and display the Nc dependence. The inclusion of a four-fermion interaction shows the emergence of three Goldstone bosons on the path to technicolour dynamics.
Production of electroweak gauge bosons at forward rapidities in the color-dipole S-matrix framework
Authors: Bandeira Yan B. , Gonçalves Victor P. , Schäfer Wolfgang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The cross-section for the production of an electroweak gauge boson (G = W±, Z0, γ) at forward rapidities in pp collisions is derived within the color-dipole S-matrix framework. We present the full expressions for the differential cross-section of the qp → GX process in the impact parameter and transverse momentum spaces, considering the longitudinal and transverse polarizations of the gauge boson. The particular cases associated with the Drell-Yan process and real photon production are discussed. We demonstrate that the final formulae are expressed in terms of the dipole-proton cross-section or the unintegrated gluon distribution, and can be used to estimate the impact of the saturation effects in the gauge boson production at the LHC and future colliders.
Solar neutrinos and leptonic spin forces
Authors: Ansarifard Saeed , Gonzalez-Garcia M. C. , Maltoni Michele , Pinheiro João Paulo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We quantify the effects of light spin-zero particles with pseudoscalar couplings to leptons and scalar couplings to nucleons on the evolution of solar neutrinos. In this scenario the matter potential sourced by the nucleons in the Sun’s matter gives rise to spin precession of the relativistic neutrino ensemble. As such the effects in the solar observables are different if neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. For Dirac neutrinos the spin-flavour precession results into left-handed neutrino to right-handed neutrino (i.e., active-sterile) oscillations, while for Majorana neutrinos it results into left-handed neutrino to right-handed antineutrino (i.e., active-active) oscillations. In both cases this leads to distortions in the solar neutrino spectrum which we use to derive constraints on the allowed values of the mediator mass and couplings via a global analysis of the solar neutrino data. In addition for Majorana neutrinos spin-flavour precession results into a potentially observable flux of solar electron antineutrinos at the Earth which we quantify and constrain with the existing bounds from Borexino and KamLAND.
Beyond Crop-Raiding: Unravelling the Broader Impacts of Human-Wildlife Conflict on Rural Communities
Authors: Galley Wisdom , Anthony Brandon P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the impacts of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in the Kakum Conservation Area (KCA), Ghana. The primary focus is on crop-raiding by elephants. Using ethnographic methodologies, the findings shed light on the broader impacts of HWC in rural communities. These include food insecurity characterized by a notable decline in the quality and quantity of food accessible to individuals and families affected by crop-raiding. The study also underscores the negative impacts on mental and physical wellbeing as residents contend with stress, anxiety and fear due to crop-raiding and encounters with elephants. Furthermore, this research uncovers how coping mechanisms employed by locals in response to these challenges may result in problem drinking. Also, efforts taken to mitigate crop-raiding unintentionally result in health consequences for farmers who face risks of contracting diseases such as malaria and suffer from sleep deprivation due to guarding their fields at night. More importantly, this study provides an in-depth examination of the broader vulnerabilities caused by HWC which are often ignored and underscores the importance of looking beyond the direct impacts in HWC hotspots like KCA.
Deep learning-based 3D quantitative total tumor burden predicts early recurrence of BCLC A and B HCC after resection
Authors: Wei Hong , Zheng Tianying , Zhang Xiaolan , Zheng Chao , Jiang Difei , Wu Yuanan , Lee Jeong Min , Bashir Mustafa R. , Lerner Emily , Liu Rongbo , Wu Botong , Guo Hua , Chen Yidi , Yang Ting , Gong Xiaoling , Jiang Hanyu , Song Bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of deep learning (DL)-assisted automated three-dimensional quantitative tumor burden at MRI to predict postoperative early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and methods
This was a single-center retrospective study enrolling patients who underwent resection for BCLC A and B HCC and preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI. Quantitative total tumor volume (cm3) and total tumor burden (TTB, %) were obtained using a DL automated segmentation tool. Radiologists’ visual assessment was used to ensure the quality control of automated segmentation. The prognostic value of clinicopathological variables and tumor burden-related parameters for ER was determined by Cox regression analyses.

Results
A total of 592 patients were included, with 525 and 67 patients assigned to BCLC A and B, respectively (2-year ER rate: 30.0% vs. 45.3%; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.8; p = 0.007). TTB was the most important predictor of ER (HR = 2.2; p < 0.001). Using 6.84% as the threshold of TTB, two ER risk strata were obtained in overall (p < 0.001), BCLC A (p < 0.001), and BCLC B (p = 0.027) patients, respectively. The BCLC B low-TTB patients had a similar risk for ER to BCLC A patients and thus were reassigned to a BCLC An stage; whilst the BCLC B high-TTB patients remained in a BCLC Bn stage. The 2-year ER rate was 30.5% for BCLC An patients vs. 58.1% for BCLC Bn patients (HR = 2.8; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
TTB determined by DL-based automated segmentation at MRI was a predictive biomarker for postoperative ER and facilitated refined subcategorization of patients within BCLC stages A and B.

Clinical relevance statement
Total tumor burden derived by deep learning-based automated segmentation at MRI may serve as an imaging biomarker for predicting early recurrence, thereby improving subclassification of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer A and B hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy.

Key Points

Total tumor burden (TTB) is important for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging, but is heterogenous.

TTB derived by deep learning-based automated segmentation was predictive of postoperative early recurrence.

Incorporating TTB into the BCLC algorithm resulted in successful subcategorization of BCLC A and B patients.
Low-cord orchidectomy for testicular cancer: what would be different?
Authors: Sarıkaya Ege A. , Şen Volkan , Yörükoğlu Kutsal , Bozkurt Ozan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
High cord radical orchidectomy (HRCO) is accepted as the standard surgical approach in testicular cancer, however low cord orchidectomy (LCRO) can reduce the morbidity of operation without worsening the oncological outcomes.

Methods
We retrospectively re-examined the specimens of men to determine the level of spermatic cord invasion (SCI). Men who had proximal SCI with negative surgical margins after HRCO were assumed to have de-novo residual tumour if LCRO was performed. Others were assumed as oncologically similar. We examined the relation between pre-operative variables and SCI and proximal SCI to determine whether prediction of proximal SCI is possible.

Results
196 patients were included. 22 (11%) had SCI and ten (5%) had proximal SCI. Four patients with proximal SCI had positive surgical margins even after HRCO and didn’t require additional local treatment. Six patients were assumed to have de-novo residual tumour if LCRO was performed. All six patients were metastatic and had systemic chemotherapy. High platelet count, tumour size, N stage, S stage and M stage were all significantly related with both SCI and proximal SCI (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Due to low probability of SCI, we think LCRO can safely be performed to reduce morbidity in Stage 1 patients. Although there is a risk for residual tumour in Stage 2–3 patients, currently there is no data that residual tumour would impair the success of systemic chemotherapy. Therefore we can not assume that these patients would be negatively affected. Pre-operative data can be useful to predict the presence of proximal SCI and select appropriate patients for LCRO.