bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of acid red dye 1 from textile wastewater by heterogenous photocatalytic ozonation employing titanium dioxide and iron zeolite
Authors: Raashid Muhammad , Kazmi Mohsin , Ikhlaq Amir , Sulaiman Muhammad , Akram Adeela , Afaf Aliha , Shafaqat Sidra , Masood Zafar , Zafar Abdul Mannan , Al-Farraj Saleh , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClean water is a necessity for all life to survive and flourish. However, natural waters are being continuously contaminated due to the release of waste streams in water. Hence, it is important to remove pollutants from wastewater to fulfill human needs. Conventional treatment methods are neither efficient nor economical for wastewaters that especially contain refractory toxic pollutants. This requires novel techniques like Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), that may successfully degrade persistent micropollutants more efficiently. In this study, an azo dye Acid Red 1 was removed by three AOPs, namely Photocatalytic oxidation, Ozonation and Photocatalytic Ozonation, by employing heterogenous catalysts. TiO2 was used as photocatalyst, whereas Fe-Zeolite has been further added as Ozonation catalyst. The study revealed that photocatalysis degraded only 28% Acid red dye after 15 min, whereas for ozonation, the degradation percentage was 95% in same time. In combined photocatalytic ozonation process using TiO2, 95% degradation was achieved in just 9 min and treatment time further reduced to 5 min when Fe-zeolite was added. Optimization studies for initial concentration, UV intensity and catalyst loading were performed. Finally, rate constants and Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) values were determined for all AOPs, and mechanism was proposed.
Brief report: assessment of barriers to mental health services among caregivers of children with rare disease
Authors: Hager Kim , Calderon Maria Martinez , Rothschild Allison W. , Luiselli James K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Caregivers of children with rare disease experience obstacles to securing medical care including mental health treatment services. The question posed in this study was whether barriers to accessing mental health treatment services reported by caregivers of children with rare disease differed from caregivers of children with common medical and mental health conditions, and children with mental health conditions alone.

Method
An online survey combining both quantitative and qualitative outcome measures was distributed to caregivers (n = 305) who were biological, step, foster, and adoptive parents of 374 children under 18-years-old residing at home in the United States.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences among the caregiver groups concerning barriers to accessing mental health services based on quantified measures from the Barriers to Treatment Participation Scale. Statistically significant main and interaction effects were found on three scale items (scheduling appointments, life stress, understanding treatment). Qualitative responses among caregivers of children with rare disease emphasized difficulty finding mental health treatment, lack of competent professionals, financial burden, and problems with insurance coverage.

Conclusion
Despite non-significant findings, several implications for families of children with rare disease are noted, namely having access to knowledgeable and experienced practitioners, making in-home services available, integrating disciplines at outpatient settings, and overcoming the costs of mental health treatment to the care required for complex medical conditions.
Quality over quantity? The role of data quality and uncertainty for AI in surgery
Authors: Jogan Matjaž , Kurada Sruthi , Vasisht Shubha , Singh Vivek , Hashimoto Daniel A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurgical Data Science is an emerging scientific discipline that applies advances in data science, machine learning and AI to harness the increasingly large amounts of surgical data to enable AI in surgery [1–4]. Data collection for AI solutions involves both ingestion of contingent data (in case of surgery—medical records, case data, instrument data, medical images, data from OR sensors and surgical video), as well as intentionally collected annotations and expert opinion describing the data. This organized knowledge is then used to train AI models that ultimately generate predictions based on the available training data. Historically, the data science workflow starts with organizing a clean and consistent dataset, with the mantra GIGO—garbage in, garbage out—emphasizing that the quality of the model output is directly related to the quality of data. In surgery, as in healthcare in general, this is not an easy goal to achieve due to the complex logistics of data collection, missing and incomplete data, human error, the lack of measurement standards, as well as subjective differences in data interpretation. In this article, we look at surgical AI from this particular perspective of data quality and uncertainty. We highlight a few topics of which hospitals, surgeons and research teams need to be aware when collecting data for AI that will provide actionable outputs in clinical and educational settings.
Multi-objective Approach for Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch Problem Considering Power System Reliability and Transmission Loss Prediction Using Cascaded Forward Neural Network
Authors: Nagulsamy Nalini , Chandrasekaran Kumar , Manoharan Premkumar , Derebew Bizuwork 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the significant problem of Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch (DEED), a critical consideration in power systems from both economic and environmental protection viewpoints. Reliability stands as another vital facet, impacting maintenance and operation perspectives. The integration of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based transmission loss prediction into the DEED model is also essential to address specific limitations and enhance the overall performance of the dispatch process. Traditionally, the DEED model relies on a single B-loss coefficient to estimate transmission losses. While this approach simplifies calculations, it fails to account for the significant variations in demand that occur throughout the dispatch period and it leads to inaccuracies in loss prediction, especially in dynamic environments. Using a single coefficient, the model cannot adequately capture the complex, non-linear relationships between power generation, load, and transmission losses under different operating conditions. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces an ANN-based loss prediction method integrated into the DEED model and uses trained ANN to replace the process of finding B-loss coefficients during each dispatch period. This paper also introduces a strategy leveraging the multi-objective northern goshawk optimizer algorithm, characterized by a non-dominated sorting and crowding distance mechanism, to enhance DEED considerations incorporating reliability (DEEDR). This novel algorithm improves the solution space effectively, maintains high population diversity and enables an even distribution of individuals sharing the same rank in the objective space. The fundamental objective of this study is to balance fuel cost, emission, and system reliability in power system operations. Compared with a few existing multi-objective optimization algorithms, this study demonstrates superior performance in generating a series of non-dominated solutions. The experimental results highlight its competitive and potential as an efficient tool in the DEED and DEEDR problems, promising a synergistic coordination of economy, environmental protection, and system reliability benefits in power system management.
Evaluating annual thermal discomfort time ratio of indoor occupants caused by solar radiation using a novel model
Authors: Xiang Xingchao , He Yingdong , Li Nianping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThermal comfort of indoor occupants exposed to solar radiation is receiving widespread attention. Researchers have proposed many models to predict solar radiation and related indexes are used to evaluate thermal comfort. However, there are some limitations in the existing solar radiation models and evaluation indexes, such as only applying to sunny weather and requiring intensive modeling work. This study adopts a mathematical model called the improved HNU Solar Model and proposes a new evaluation index called the annual thermal discomfort time ratio by solar radiation (ratiotd, solar) to evaluate thermal comfort of indoor occupants exposed to solar radiation. The effects of different window parameters, i.e. window direction, window transmittance (Tsol) and window-to-wall ratio (WWR) on ratiotd, solar were also analyzed. The results show that the indoor area less than 2.0 m away from the window is easy to have solar discomfort. And for every 0.1 reduction in WWR, the average values of the four directions are reduced by 3% to 4%; and for every 0.1 reduction in Tsol, the ratiotd, solar values of four window directions are reduced by 4% to 6%. This study provides references for evaluating and optimizing the window design to create thermally comfortable environments for indoor occupants.
Lithium niobate/lithium tantalate single-crystal thin films for post-moore era chip applications
Authors: Zhu Yixin , Wan Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLithium niobate (LiNbO3) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) are a class of multifunctional materials with excellent piezoelectric/ferroelectric, electro-optic, and nonlinear optical properties, which have wide applications in high-performance radio frequency filters, optical communications, integrated photonics, quantum information, and other fields. With the advent of the post-Moore era of integrated circuit technology, LiNbO3/LiTaO3 thin-film also shows great potential and advantages in new concept chip applications. High-quality single-crystal thin films lay the foundation for high-performance radio frequency, optoelectronic, and quantum devices and their integration. This review first introduces the main characteristics of LiNbO3/LiTaO3 single-crystal thin films, such as ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, electro-optic effect and nonlinear optical effect, then introduces the preparation methods of LiNbO3/LiTaO3 single-crystal thin films represented by smart-cut and their application progress in different fields such as waveguides, modulators, laterally excited bulk acoustic wave resonators, and quantum devices. The application prospects and challenges of LiNbO3/LiTaO3 single-crystal thin films in post-Moore era chips are also discussed in this article, aiming to provide valuable references for their development and application.
Mechanical response and stress equation of pressure pipe liner passing across circular corrosion
Authors: Zhai Kejie , Wang Kaidong , Hu Deqiang , Fang Hongyuan , Wang Niannian , Li Bin , Sun Mingming , Du Xueming , Xue Binghan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCorrosion is one of the most common forms of damage to pressure pipes. CIPP liner can improve the mechanical properties of the pipe with corrosion. It is very important to study the mechanical response of corrosion pipes rehabilitated by CIPP liner. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a pressure pipe rehabilitated with CIPP liner under the condition of circular corrosion is established, and the model is evaluated by using the experimental and analytical results. Afterward, the influence of each parameter on the stress and displacement of the liner is analyzed. Finally, the liner stress calculation equation is obtained based on 870 sets of data. The results show that the finite element results are in good agreement with the experimental and analytical results. The maximum stress of the liner first occurs at the center of the corroded circle, and as the corrosion diameter increases, the maximum stress gradually shifts to the edge. The maximum stress of the liner increases first and then tends to be stable with the increase of the corrosion diameter, and the friction coefficient has little effect on the liner stress.
The value of viscoelastic platelet function measurements with Sonoclot in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Fathelbab Hany Tawfik , Abdelghany Mahmoud Mohamed , Rizk Amal Foad , Shawky Mohamed Ashraf 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and adequate platelet inhibition is a cornerstone during invasive management with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite this, pivotal role routine measurement of platelet function is not done. We aimed at using the using the Sonoclot device for measuring platelet activity and predicting outcome in patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

Methods
This was a cohort longitudinal study involving 50 patients who were admitted with ACS and undergoing emergent PCI in the critical care department at Cairo University from November 2020 to July 2021. Three parameters will be obtained: platelet function, ACT, and coagulation rate.

Results
According to the 1st parameter (platelet function), adequate platelet inhibition was achieved in 54% of our cases. To study the impact of this analysis, our population was classified into 2 groups (well-inhibited platelets vs. poorly inhibited platelets). The 2nd and 3rd parameters (ACT, CR) could separate our patients into 2 groups according to whether patients were well anticoagulated or not. Classification 1, well vs. poorly inhibited platelets, both groups were comparable. However, epicardial coronary flow (TIMI flow) and myocardial blush grade post-stenting were better in the well-inhibited platelets group. Classification 2, well vs. poor anticoagulation, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups.

Conclusion
Adequate platelet inhibition as measured by Sonoclot device can predict better outcomes in patients with ACS undergoing PCI.
The clinical usefulness of guideline-based strategies with and without the role of nonspecific symptoms to predict urinary tract infections in nursing homes: a decision curve analysis
Authors: Kuil Sacha , de Jong Menno , Schneeberger Caroline , van Leth Frank 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of urinary tract infections (UTIs) guideline algorithms and the role of nonspecific symptoms to support clinical decision-making in nursing home residents.

Design:
In a preplanned secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study including nursing home residents with a presumed UTI, 2 prediction models were used in a decision curve analysis (DCA): (1) guideline-based and (2) extended: nonspecific symptom(s) added to the guideline model. The stringent outcome definition for “true UTIs” included symptom improvement during adequate antimicrobial therapy, based on susceptibility test results. The outcome of a DCA is the Net Benefit to quantify the performance of the prediction models, visualized in a decision curve.

Setting:
Dutch nursing homes (n = 13).

Patients:
Nursing home residents with a presumed UTI.

Results:
Of the 180 residents with a presumed UTI, 43 fulfilled the definition of “true UTI” (23.9%). The Net Benefit of the guideline-based model was low and the corresponding threshold range was small (21%–28%). The extended model improved the prediction of UTIs. However, the clinical usefulness of the extended model was still limited to a small threshold range (10%–28%).

Conclusions:
The clinical usefulness of the current guideline-based algorithm to diagnose UTI in nursing home residents seems limited, and adding nonspecific symptoms does not further improve decision-making due to the small threshold probability. Given the poor performance of the guideline-based model, refinement of the guidelines may be required.

Trial registry:
Dutch trial registry: NTR6467; date of first registration, 25/05/2017.
Function of maxillipeds and first oostegites in bopyrid isopods inferred from behavioural observations of Bopyrus crangorum infesting Palaemon serrifer
Authors: Burgos Lorelie A. , Itani Gyo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The morphology of female bopyrids is adapted to parasitism, but understanding the function of their thoracic and mouth appendages is hindered by their small size and cryptic lifestyle, limiting detailed examination. This study aimed to clarify the function of the first oostegites and maxillipeds in bopyrid isopods infesting the branchial chamber of caridean shrimp through behavioural observations and morphological examination. We tested whether the movement of these structures was exclusive to ovigerous female parasites during brood ventilation. The results revealed that the beating of the maxillipeds and flapping of the first oostegites were not restricted to ovigerous females. However, the frequency of these movements was significantly higher in ovigerous females than in non-ovigerous females. The frequency of maxilliped beating increased with embryonic development, whereas that of flapping the first oostegites exhibited the opposite trend. Microscopic observation using dye showed that the movements of the maxillipeds and the first oostegites expelled residual dye from the female brood chamber through the dorsal surface or beneath the first oostegites. The dye was then transported by the water current generated by the scaphognathite of the host shrimp. These findings suggest that these structures not only facilitate ventilation but also serve as a grooming mechanism for female parasites, which is critical for embryonic survival. The results of the present study represent the first observation of embryo grooming in bopyrid isopods. This study also provides new information on the functional morphology of bopyrid isopods, which is important for understanding their ecological dynamics and adaptation to parasitism.
Measuring Clear‐Air Vertical Motions From Space
Authors: Poujol Basile , Bony Sandrine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMeasuring vertical velocity in the atmosphere has long been a challenge due to its small magnitude. Taking advantage of the modulation of free tropospheric relative humidity by vertical motions, we derive analytical relationships that allow us to retrieve vertical motions in clear air from geostationary measurements of brightness temperature in the infrared absorption band of water vapor. The new observations have a resolution of 1 hr and 2 km in time and space, respectively. They capture the variability of mesoscale and large‐scale vertical velocity measured during field campaigns. In the mid‐troposphere, clear‐sky vertical motions are mostly subsiding but highly heterogeneous in space and time. Around organized deep convective systems, strong subsidence (>500 hPa·day−1) is observed within a distance of a few hundred kilometers. In contrast, transient upward motions of up to 100 hPa·day−1 can occur at the mesoscale. Vertical motions in the clear‐sky atmosphere appear to be primarily associated with buoyancy and gravity waves at the mesoscale, and with radiative cooling and equatorial waves at larger spatial scales. This new retrieval reveals a rich range of dynamical features that were previously invisible, thus shedding new light on tropical meteorology.
Evidence of Secondary Bedform Controls on River Dune Migration
Authors: Zomer J. Y. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn rivers worldwide, multiple scales of dunes coexist. It is unknown how the larger, primary dunes interact with secondary bedforms that are superimposed. We test the hypothesis that streamwise variability in the sediment flux inferred from the downstream migration of secondary bedforms explains migration of the host dune, based on bathymetric data from a lowland, sand‐bedded river. Results indicate that transport estimated from secondary bedform migration increases along the host dune stoss, eroding the stoss slope. When the superimposed bedforms disintegrate at the primary lee slopes, results indicate that all sediment transport associated to secondary bedform migration is arrested in the lee of the host dune, explaining migration of the host dune. When secondary dunes persist however, only part of the sediments transport linked to secondary dunes contributes to the migration of the host dune. This study gives novel insight into the fundamental mechanisms controlling the kinematics of compound dunes.
Cold Waves Accelerate the Spread of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Lian Xinbo , Huang Jianping , Li Han , Yan Wei , Zhao Yingjie , Wang Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate change is creating a new era of infectious disease crises, further exacerbated by extreme weather. However, the relationship between extreme weather and infectious disease remain unclear. Here, we provide a new quantitative study on the impact of cold wave on COVID‐19 as an example. We found that during cold waves, extreme cold temperatures coupled with rapid aerosol transport accelerated COVID‐19 outbreaks. It directly increased the number of COVID‐19 cases in Beijing by 28.1% in the winter of year 2022. More urgently, cold temperatures led to a higher risk of death during infectious disease outbreaks, with a 7.07% increase in confirmed deaths and a 16.61% increase in excess mortality. Our findings emphasize the urgent need to promote a synergistic policy for responding to infectious diseases during cold wave disasters in order to minimize the risk of death among the elderly and those with underlying diseases.
A Mechanism for Ice Layer Formation in Glacial Firn
Authors: Shadab Mohammad Afzal , Adhikari Surendra , Rutishauser Anja , Grima Cyril , Hesse Marc Andre 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is ample evidence for ice layers and lenses within glacial firn. The standard model for ice layer formation localizes the refreezing by perching of meltwater on pre‐existing discontinuities. Here we argue that even extreme melting events provide insufficient flux for this mechanism. Using a thermomechanical model we demonstrate a different mechanism of ice layer formation. After a melting event when the drying front catches up with the wetting front and arrests melt percolation, conductive heat loss freezes the remaining melt in place to form an ice layer. This model reproduces the depth of a new ice layer at the Dye‐2 site in Greenland. It provides a deeper insight into the interpretation of firn stratigraphy and past climate variability. It also improves the simulation of firn densification processes, a key source of uncertainty in assessing and attributing ice sheet mass balance based on satellite altimetry and gravimetry data.
Evidence of Ecosystem Tipping Point on St. Lawrence Island: Widespread Lake Drainage Events After 2018
Authors: Liu Aobo , Cheng Xiao , Wang Chengxin , Chen Yating 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInfluenced by climate change, numerous lakes in permafrost regions are draining, showing significant spatial variability. This study focuses on St. Lawrence Island, where over the last two decades, 771 of 3,271 lakes have drained—a rate around 40 times higher than across the entire northern permafrost region. The surge in lake drainage began in 2018, coinciding with record low sea ice extent in the Bering Sea and unprecedented bird mortalities. Using satellite imagery and machine learning methods, we analyzed drainage events to identify the climatic drivers and potential climate thresholds affecting the island's lake ecosystems. Our findings indicate that autumn peak temperatures above 6°C more than triple the drainage probability, and warming‐induced permafrost thawing may be the direct driver of lake drainage. This research highlights the vulnerability of Arctic lake ecosystems to climate change and assists in developing predictive models for permafrost response, crucial for mitigating impacts on Arctic communities.