bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rest and the associated benefits in restorative sleep: a concept analysis
Authors: Helvig Ashley , Wade Sonya , Hunter‐Eades Lee 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of rest.BackgroundConsistency in the literature to describe the concept and use of rest is limited. Concept analysis may be advantageous in rendering an operational definition in the health care setting. This analysis is important to examine the concept of rest for structure and function to promote an understanding of the phenomenon. Rest is a vital component of restorative sleep which has implications for physical, mental and spiritual well‐being.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesA literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, ProQuest and an online Internet search with the majority of articles published between 1995–2015.MethodsThis concept analysis was implemented using the eight step approach developed by Walker and Avant.ResultsIn health care, rest incorporates the cessation of activity used to promote physical and mental health. Defining attributes of rest include a pathway to calm, inner tranquillity and mental health; base of support; and stillness. Antecedents for rest are time, suitable environment and willingness. Resulting consequences include renewed physical energy, mental clarity and improved health.ConclusionRest is a concept that is used frequently in the discipline of nursing but also in various other disciplines. Rest is a basic necessity for restorative sleep to enhance well‐being through the restoration of the body, mind and spirit. Defining the concept of rest in the practice of patient care is necessary for consistent use of the term in the development of holistic, patient‐centred therapies.
Use of biologics for psoriasis in Central and Eastern European countries
Authors: Rencz F. , Kemény L. , Gajdácsi J.Z. , Owczarek W. , Arenberger P. , Tiplica G.S. , Stanimirović A. , Niewada M. , Petrova G. , Marinov L.T. , Péntek M. , Brodszky V. , Gulácsi L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the use of biological agents for the treatment of psoriasis and to explore country‐specific differences within six Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, namely Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania.MethodsA literature overview on the epidemiology and disease burden of psoriasis in CEE was conducted. The number of patients treated with biologics was obtained from patient registries, ministries of health, national professional societies and health insurance funds. Biological treatment rates were estimated by two different methods: (i) as a proportion of all psoriasis patients of a country (assuming a common prevalence of psoriasis 2%) and (ii) per 100 000 population. Moreover, we provide a detailed comparison of drug coverage policies and guidelines regulating the treatment with biologics in psoriasis.ResultsOn average 0.25% of all psoriasis patients, or five psoriasis patients out of 100 000 inhabitants are treated with biologics embedding a 14.6‐fold difference between the six countries. Bulgaria, Croatia and Poland lag behind the other three countries in the use of biologics. The significant differences among CEE countries cannot be explained by variations in prices of biologics, cost‐effectiveness or budget impact of biologics. It seems that the time since coverage decision, the fewer number of covered biologics, the more restrictive criteria to be eligible for covered treatment in terms of baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores, and the maximum duration of treatment allowed are responsible for the majority of the differences.ConclusionsThere exists a disconnect between the European psoriasis treatment guidelines and the various CEE country‐specific biologic coverage eligibilities. The cost of biologic therapy for psoriasis is not solely and directly responsible for the different use rates amongst the CEE countries. Psoriasis may not be perceived by all payers as a serious disease that can be successfully treated in a cost‐effective manner.
A patient‐centred approach to biological treatment decision making for psoriasis: an expert consensus
Authors: Strohal R. , Prinz J. C. , Girolomoni G. , Nast A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundEach individual psoriasis patient has different expectations and goals for biological treatment, which may differ from those of the clinician. As such, a patient‐centred approach to treatment goals remains an unmet need in psoriasis.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review available data on patients’ and physicians’ decision criteria and expectations of biological treatment for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis with the aim of developing a core set of questions for clinicians to ask patients routinely to understand what is important to them and thus better align physicians’ and patients’ expectations of treatment with biologics and its outcomes.MethodsA literature search was conducted to identify key themes and data gaps. Aspects of treatment relevant when choosing a biological agent for an individual patient were identified and compared to an existing validated instrument. A series of questions aimed at helping the physician to identify the particular aspects of treatment that are recognised as important to individual psoriasis patients was developed.ResultsKey findings of the literature search were grouped under themes of adherence, decision‐making, quality of life, patient/physician goals, communication, patient‐reported outcomes, satisfaction and patient benefit index. Several aspects of treatment were identified as being relevant when choosing a biological agent for an individual patient.The questionnaire is devised in two parts. The first part asks questions about patients’ experience of psoriasis and satisfaction with previous treatments. The second part aims to identify the treatment attributes patients consider to be important and may as such affect their preference for a particular biological treatment. The questionnaire results will allow the physician to understand the key factors that can be influenced by biological drug choice that are of importance to the patient. This information can be used be the physician in clinical decision making.ConclusionThe questionnaire has been developed to provide a new tool to better understand and align patients’ and physicians’ preferences and goals for biological treatment of psoriasis.
Executive functions among youth with Down Syndrome and co‐existing neurobehavioural disorders
Authors: Pritchard A. E. , Kalback S. , McCurdy M. , Capone G. T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundExecutive function (EF) deficits are a recognised component of the cognitive phenotype of youth with Down Syndrome (DS). Recent research in this area emphasises the use of behaviour ratings, such as the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions—Preschool Version (BRIEF‐P), to capture the real‐world applications of executive functions. To account for the intellectual functioning of youth with DS, this measure is used out of age range; however, its psychometric properties when used in this fashion are unknown. The goals of this study are to evaluate psychometric characteristics of the BRIEF‐P among youth with DS and to examine the pattern of EF strengths/weaknesses in children with DS and co‐occurring psychiatric conditions.MethodA total of 188 clinically referred youth with DS, ages 3–13 were rated by their caregivers using the BRIEF‐P. These youth were evaluated by a clinician with expertise in DS and were characterised as having no co‐occurring behavioural disorder (Typical DS group), co‐occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder (DS + ASD) or co‐occurring Disruptive Behaviour Disorder (DS + DBD).ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis of item‐level BRIEF‐P data from clinically referred youth with DS supported the theoretically derived three‐factor structure originally proposed for the BRIEF‐P (Emergent Metacognition, Flexibility and Inhibitory Self‐Control); however, the item composition of each factor varied somewhat in comparison to the original structure of the measure. Group comparisons indicate that, while youth with typical DS evidence fewer executive function difficulties across all domains, youth with DS + ASD show the greatest weaknesses in Emergent Metacognition, and youth with DS + DBD show significant difficulties in both Emergent Metacognition and Inhibition.ConclusionsThese findings offer preliminary support for use of the BRIEF‐P with clinically referred youth with Down Syndrome. Some scoring modifications may be necessary if the theoretically derived index scores are to be used with this population. BRIEF‐P scores may offer an empirical basis for differentiating DS youth with varying behavioural profiles. © 2015 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Inter‐ and intragranular delta phase quantitative characterization in Inconel 718 by means of image analysis
Authors: VANDERESSE N. , ANDERSON M. , BRIDIER F. , BOCHER P. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper describes an image processing method for discriminating the inter‐ and intragranular delta phase precipitates in Inconel 718 (IN 718). The successive practical operations and the motivations of their choices are presented in detail. The method was applied to IN 718 specimens heat treated with different parameters to produce microstructures containing various amounts of both types of precipitates. They were characterized by electron microscopy in backscattered electron imaging. The main difficulty arose from the fact that the brightness distributions of inter‐ and intragranular precipitates partially overlap. Additional information on their morphology and their spatial distribution had to be exploited in order to differentiate them. The shape and the orientation of the precipitates were evaluated using the structure tensor, an operator that quantifies the directionality of the intensity distribution in an image. The distance between parallel precipitates was also used as an additional property to identify clusters of intragranular precipitates.
Can ovarian vein embolization cause more harm than good?
Authors: Hamoodi Ibraheem , Hawthorn Robert , Moss Jonathan G 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOvarian vein embolization using embolic coils is a recognized treatment for chronic pelvic pain caused by pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). Although it is considered a non‐invasive procedure with a good safety record, there have been reported complications resulting from embolic coil migration. We present a case of embolic coil erosion of the ovarian vein discovered on laparoscopy for chronic pelvic pain.
Elevated second‐trimester maternal serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein as indicators of adverse obstetric outcomes in fetal Turner syndrome
Authors: Alvarez‐Nava Francisco , Soto Marisol , Lanes Roberto , Pons Hector , Morales‐Machin Alisandra , Bracho Ana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to determine the ability of biochemical analytes to identify adverse outcomes in pregnancies with Turner syndrome.MethodsMaternal serum and amniotic fluid (AF) marker concentrations were measured in 73 singleton pregnancies with Turner syndrome (10‐22 weeks of gestation). Fetal Turner syndrome was definitively established by cytogenetic analysis. Two subgroups, fetuses with hydrops fetalis versus fetuses with cystic hygroma, were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curves and relative risk were established for a cut‐off multiples of the median ≥3.5 for β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or AF alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP).ResultsForty‐nine (67%) of 73 pregnant women had an abnormal maternal serum. While levels of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and free β‐subunit (fβ)‐hCG were not different to those of the control group, AFP, unconjugated estriol and β‐hCG concentrations were significantly different in the study group (P < 0.05), when compared to those of unaffected pregnancies. Levels of β‐hCG in pregnancies with hydrops fetalis were significantly higher than in those with cystic hygroma (P <0.0001), as were AF‐AFP concentrations (P <0.0015). In addition, abnormalities in both maternal serum β‐hCG and AF‐AFP predicted fetal death. The relative risk of adverse obstetric outcome was 10.667 (P = 0.0004; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.554–73.203) for β‐hCG and 2.19 (P = 0.0256; 95% CI: 1.001 to 4.779), for AF‐AFP.ConclusionMaternal serum β‐hCG and AF‐AFP levels may preferentially identify those Turner syndrome pregnancies with the highest risk of fetal death.
To Frack or Not to Frack? The Interaction of Justification and Power in a Sustainability Controversy
Authors: Gond Jean‐Pascal , Barin Cruz Luciano , Raufflet Emmanuel , Charron Mathieu 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTHow could a de facto moratorium on shale gas exploration emerge in Québec despite the broad adoption of fracking in North American jurisdictions, support from the provincial government and a favourable power position initially enjoyed by the oil and gas industry? This paper analyses this turn of events by studying how stakeholders from government, civil society, and industry mobilized modes of justification and forms of power with the aim to influence the moral legitimacy of the fracking technology during a controversy surrounding shale gas exploration. Combining Boltanski and Thévenot's economies of worth theory with Lukes’ concept of power, we analytically induced the justification of power mechanisms whereby uses of power become justified or ‘escape’ justification, and the power of justification mechanisms by which justifications alter subsequent power dynamics. We finally explain how these mechanisms contribute to explaining the controversy's ultimate outcome, and advance current debates on political corporate social responsibility.
Biomechanics of occlusion – implications for oral rehabilitation
Authors: Peck C. C. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe dental occlusion is an important aspect of clinical dentistry; there are diverse functional demands ranging from highly precise tooth contacts to large crushing forces. Further, there are dogmatic, passionate and often diverging views on the relationship between the dental occlusion and various diseases and disorders including temporomandibular disorders, non‐carious cervical lesions and tooth movement. This study provides an overview of the biomechanics of the masticatory system in the context of the dental occlusion's role in function. It explores the adaptation and precision of dental occlusion, its role in bite force, jaw movement, masticatory performance and its influence on the oro‐facial musculoskeletal system. Biomechanics helps us better understand the structure and function of biological systems and consequently an understanding of the forces on, and displacements of, the dental occlusion. Biomechanics provides insight into the relationships between the dentition, jaws, temporomandibular joints, and muscles. Direct measurements of tooth contacts and forces are difficult, and biomechanical models have been developed to better understand the relationship between the occlusion and function. Importantly, biomechanical research will provide knowledge to help correct clinical misperceptions and inform better patient care. The masticatory system demonstrates a remarkable ability to adapt to a changing biomechanical environment and changes to the dental occlusion or other components of the musculoskeletal system tend to be well tolerated.
Reproducibility, Reliability, and Validity of Fuchsin‐Based Beads for the Evaluation of Masticatory Performance
Authors: Sánchez‐Ayala Alfonso , Farias‐Neto Arcelino , Vilanova Larissa Soares Reis , Costa Marina Abrantes , Paiva Ana Clara Soares , Carreiro Adriana da Fonte Porto , Mestriner‐Junior Wilson 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeRehabilitation of masticatory function is inherent to prosthodontics; however, despite the various techniques for evaluating oral comminution, the methodological suitability of these has not been completely studied. The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility, reliability, and validity of a test food based on fuchsin beads for masticatory function assessment.Materials and MethodsMasticatory performance was evaluated in 20 dentate subjects (mean age, 23.3 years) using two kinds of test foods and methods: fuchsin beads and ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry, and silicone cubes and multiple sieving as gold standard. Three examiners conducted five masticatory performance trials with each test food. Reproducibility of the results from both test foods was separately assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reliability and validity of fuchsin bead data were measured by comparing the average mean of absolute differences and the measurement means, respectively, regarding silicone cube data using the paired Student's t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsIntraexaminer and interexaminer ICC for the fuchsin bead values were 0.65 and 0.76 (p < 0.001), respectively; those for the silicone cubes values were 0.93 and 0.91 (p < 0.001), respectively. Reliability revealed intraexaminer (p < 0.001) and interexaminer (p < 0.05) differences between the average means of absolute differences of each test foods. Validity also showed differences between the measurement means of each test food (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIntra‐ and interexaminer reproducibility of the test food based on fuchsin beads for evaluation of masticatory performance were good and excellent, respectively; however, the reliability and validity were low, because fuchsin beads do not measure the grinding capacity of masticatory function as silicone cubes do; instead, this test food describes the crushing potential of teeth. Thus, the two kinds of test foods evaluate different properties of masticatory capacity, confirming fushsin beads as a useful tool for this purpose.
Perception of Esthetic Impact of Smile Line in Complete Denture Wearers by Different Age Groups
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Alves Leandro Pereira , da Costa Prado Matheus , Oliveira Rener Leal , Costa Matheus Souza Campos , da Silva Coqueiro Raildo , Gusmão João Milton Rocha , Santos Rogério Lacerda 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate esthetic perceptions based on tooth exposure when smiling of patients wearing complete dentures by evaluators in different age groups.Materials and MethodsAlterations were made to a front view photograph of a smiling patient wearing complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. Alterations in the smile line were simulated to increase or decrease tooth exposure (increments of 0.5 mm). For this purpose, image manipulation software was used. After manipulation, images were printed on photo paper, attached to a questionnaire, and distributed to individuals in three age groups (n = 150). To evaluate the esthetic perception for each image, a visual analog scale was used, with 0 representing least attractive, 5 representing attractive, and 10 representing very attractive. Differences between examiners were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney test. All statistical analyses were performed with a degree of confidence of 95%.ResultsTwo evaluators did not observe any differences between images. The images given the best and worst scores were E and O (alterations of 2 and 7 mm), respectively, in the 15‐ to 19‐year‐old group, B and O (alterations of 0.5 and 7 mm), respectively, in the 35‐ to 44‐year‐old group, and A and M (no alteration and 6 mm alteration), respectively, in the 65‐ to 74‐year‐old group. When the images were presented together (images 1 and 2), the unaltered image was selected by individuals of different age groups as the best, and the image with a change of 7 mm was selected as the worst.ConclusionIn this study, complete dental prostheses with smile lines that coincided with the cervical margins of the anterior teeth were the most acceptable. Less exposure of the maxillary teeth when smiling corresponded with decreased attractiveness.
DALLAPICCOLA'S SECOND THOUGHTS: THE EPILOGUE TO THE CONCERTO PER LA NOTTE DI NATALE DELL'ANNO 1956
Authors: ALEGANT BRIAN 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTDallapiccola revised his Concerto per la notte di Natale dell'anno 1956, a five‐movement work for soprano and sixteen instruments, shortly after completing it. He made small changes to the first, second and fourth movements, bigger changes in the middle movement and extensive changes in the last movement (Epilogue). Building on the work of previous scholars, I re‐examine the two versions of this Epilogue, paying particular attention to row handling, rhythm and texture on the small scale, and the pervasive use of symmetry on the large scale. The analysis paints a fuller picture of the Concerto and provides insight into Dallapiccola's idiosyncratic harmonic praxis and his fondness for palindromic frames.
Remote ischaemic pre‐conditioning for the prevention of acute kidney injury
Authors: Ho Phoebe Wing‐Lam , Pang Wing‐Fai , Szeto Cheuk‐Chun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. One potential mechanism underlying renal injury is ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which attributed the organ damage to the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses induced by a period of renal ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion. Therapeutic strategies that aim at minimizing the effect of IRI on the kidneys may prevent AKI and improve clinical outcomes significantly. In this review, we examine the technique of remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC), which has been shown by several trials to confer organ protection by applying transient, brief episodes of ischaemia at a distant site before a larger ischaemic insult. We provide an overview of the current clinical evidence regarding the renoprotective effect of rIPC in the key clinical settings of cardiac or vascular surgery, contrast‐induced AKI, pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplantation, and discuss key areas for future research.
Characteristics of AA amyloidosis patients in San Francisco
Authors: Lejmi Hiba , Jen Kuang‐Yu , Olson Jean L. , James Sam H. , Sam Ramin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAA amyloidosis due to subcutaneous injection of drugs of abuse has been described in the USA, but all the existing literature is from more than 20 years ago. There is more recent literature from Europe. We have observed a high incidence of AA amyloidosis in the county hospital in San Francisco.DesignHere, we describe 24 patients who had kidney biopsy‐proven AA amyloidosis from our hospital from 1998 to 2013. All the patients were thought to have AA amyloidosis from skin popping of illicit drugs after having exhausted the intravenous route. These patients with biopsy‐proven AA amyloidosis were analysed further.ResultsAll patients were found to have hepatitis C infection, hypertension was not common, most had advanced kidney failure, and acidosis was common as was tubulointerstitial involvement on the kidney biopsy. Other organ involvement included hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in a number of patients; direct myocardial involvement was not seen, but pulmonary hypertension, history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were common. The prognosis of these patients was poor. The mortality rate approached 50% 1 year after biopsy, and most of the patient needed dialysis shortly after diagnosis. Cessation of drug use seemed beneficial but rarely achievable.ConclusionAA amyloidosis from skin popping is common in San Francisco. Most patients with renal involvement end up on dialysis, and mortality rates are exceedingly high.