bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An imputation‐based genome‐wide association study on traits related to male reproduction in a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 population
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Zhao Kewei , Ren Jun , Zhang Feng , Jiang Chao , Hong Yuan , Jiang Kai , Yang Qiang , Wang Chengbin , Ding Nengshui , Huang Lusheng , Zhang Zhiyan , Xing Yuyun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBoar reproductive traits are economically important for the pig industry. Here we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for 13 reproductive traits measured on 205 F2 boars at day 300 using 60 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data imputed from a reference panel of 1200 pigs in a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 intercross population. We identified 10 significant loci for seven traits on eight pig chromosomes (SSC). Two loci surpassed the genome‐wide significance level, including one for epididymal weight around 60.25 Mb on SSC7 and one for semen temperature around 43.69 Mb on SSC4. Four of the 10 significant loci that we identified were consistent with previously reported quantitative trait loci for boar reproduction traits. We highlighted several interesting candidate genes at these loci, including APN, TEP1, PARP2, SPINK1 and PDE1C. To evaluate the imputation accuracy, we further genotyped nine GWAS top SNPs using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism or Sanger sequencing. We found an average of 91.44% of genotype concordance, 95.36% of allelic concordance and 0.85 of r2 correlation between imputed and real genotype data. This indicates that our GWAS mapping results based on imputed SNP data are reliable, providing insights into the genetic basis of boar reproductive traits.
Addiction, Voluntary Choice, and Informed Consent: A Reply to Uusitalo and Broers
Authors: Henden Edmund 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn an earlier article in this journal I argued that the question of whether heroin addicts can give voluntary consent to take part in research which involves giving them a choice of free heroin does not – in contrast with a common assumption in the bioethics literature – depend exclusively on whether or not they possess the capacity to resist their desire for heroin. In some cases, circumstances and beliefs might undermine the voluntariness of the choices a person makes even if they do possess a capacity for self‐control. Based on what I took to be a plausible definition of voluntariness, I argued that the circumstances and beliefs typical of many vulnerable heroin addicts are such that we have good reasons to suspect they cannot give voluntary consent to take part in such research, even assuming their desire for heroin is not irresistible. In a recent article in this journal, Uusitalo and Broers object to this on the grounds that I misdescribe heroin addicts' options set, that the definition of voluntariness on which I rely is unrealistic and too demanding, and, more generally, that my view of heroin addiction is flawed. I think their arguments derive from a misunderstanding of the view I expressed in my article. In what follows I hope therefore to clarify my position.
Ambiguities and Asymmetries in Consent and Refusal: Reply to Manson
Authors: Lawlor Rob 
Published: October 2015

AbstractJohn Harris claims that is it ‘palpable nonsense’ to suggest that ‘a child (or anyone) might competently consent to a treatment but not be competent to refuse it.’In ‘Transitional Paternalism: How Shared Normative Powers Give Rise to the Asymmetry of Adolescent Consent and Refusal’ Neil Manson aims to explain away the apparent oddness of this asymmetry of consent and refusal, by appealing to the idea of shared normative powers, presenting joint bank accounts as an example.In this article, I will argue that Manson's account fails to explain away the oddness. Rather, I will argue that there are ambiguities to which Manson has not paid sufficient attention. In fact, as odd as it may sound, I argue that Manson actually agrees with Harris (at least in relation to the asymmetry of competence). He fails to recognize that he agrees with Harris because he is not careful enough to distinguish between different asymmetries, which I have labelled the asymmetries of choice, permissibility and competence.
Avoiding the Personhood Issue: Abortion, Identity, and Marquis's ‘Future‐Like‐Ours’ Argument
Authors: Reitan Eric 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOne reason for the persistent appeal of Don Marquis' ‘future like ours’ argument (FLO) is that it seems to offer a way to approach the debate about the morality of abortion while sidestepping the difficult task of establishing whether the fetus is a person. This essay argues that in order to satisfactorily address both of the chief objections to FLO – the ‘identity objection’ and the ‘contraception objection’ – Marquis must take a controversial stand on what is most essential to being the kind of entity that an adult human being is. Such a stand amounts to a controversial account of personhood. To the extent that FLO's success depends on accepting such a controversial metaphysical view, one apparent attraction of FLO proves illusory.
Relationship between Survival Rate of Avian Artificial Nests and Forest Vegetation Structure along a Tropical Altitudinal Gradient on Mount Cameroon
Authors: Djomo Nana Eric , Sedláček Ondřej , Doležal Jiří , Dančák Martin , Altman Jan , Svoboda Miroslav , Majeský Ľuboš , Hořák David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNest predation is assumed to be an important factor driving avian life histories. Altitudinal gradients offer valuable study systems to investigate how avian nest predation risk varies between bird populations. In this study, a hypothesis postulating an increase in avian nest survival rate with elevation as a result of decreasing predation pressure was experimentally tested along an altitudinal gradient (300‐2250 m) in West‐Central Africa. Three types of artificial nests (cup‐shrub, cup‐ground and bare‐ground) were used along the altitudinal gradient. Overall, elevation had no effect on the daily survival rate (DSR) of the artificial nests. However, there was a significant elevation‐nest type interaction. Daily survival rate for cup‐shrub nests decreased significantly with elevation, but for cup‐ground and bare‐ground nests, elevation had no significant effect. We tested the effects of the same vegetation parameters (tree density, herb and shrub layer coverage, and canopy openness) on the DSR of different nest types to understand how different vegetation layers or combinations of them affect DSR. Daily survival rate for bare‐ground nests significantly decreased with increasing canopy openness, and was positively influenced by coverage of herb layer and tree density. For cup‐shrub nests, DSR increased significantly with increasing shrub layer coverage. Finally, for cup‐ground nests, we found a positive effect of shrub coverage and canopy openness on DSR. In summary, we found that different forest vegetation layers affect predation risk of different nest types along elevations on Mt. Cameroon.
A telephone interview version of the middle childhood HOME Observation Measurement of the Environment
Authors: Lai W. W. , O'Mahony M. , Mulligan A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME) is a 59‐item observation and interview tool used to measure how suitable a child's home is for a child of his or her developmental age and has been used extensively in research. The HOME is usually performed in the child's home, which has cost implications. We wished to develop a telephone version of the HOME.MethodsWe developed a 54‐item telephone interview version of the HOME and used it to measure the home environment in 77 children aged 6–10 years inclusive attending a child and adolescent mental health clinic, followed by a home visit and HOME assessment. The results of the telephone home assessment were then compared with the results of the original HOME.ResultsOur sample had a mean HOME score of 47.6, standard deviation (SD) = 5.5 and a mean telephone home score of 42.6, SD = 5.1. No difference was found in comparison of the subscale mean scores of the HOME with the telephone home assessment. The agreement of 54 items in common between the HOME and telephone home assessment ranged from 73% agreement to 100% agreement. Forty‐three of 50 items had moderate to almost perfect agreement using kappa analysis (kappa = 0.41–0.99); three had 100% agreement.ConclusionsThe telephone version of the HOME compares favourably with the HOME.
Scattered atypical melanocytes with hyperchromatic nuclei in the nail matrix: diagnostic clue for early subungual melanoma in situ
Authors: Park Se‐Won , Jang Kee‐Taek , Lee Jae‐Ho , Park Ji‐Hye , Kwon Ghee Young , Mun Goo‐Hyun , Lee Dong‐Youn , Lee Jason B. , Park Kelly K. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe lack of highly specific clinical and histopathological criteria has contributed to the delay in diagnosis of subungual melanoma in situ in its early stages.MethodsEighteen cases of subungual melanoma in situ, the largest series reported to date, were analyzed to characterize the clinical and histopathological findings of early stages of subungual melanoma in situ along with five cases of nail matrix nevus and five cases of subungual lentigo serving as histologic control.ResultsClinically, longitudinal melanonychia was present in all 18 cases of subungual melanoma in situ, consisting of irregular dark brown to black streaks within a brown background with (11 cases) or without Hutchinson's sign. Histopathologically, variable shaped and sized, hyperchromatic nuclei surrounded by retraction artifact were present in all cases. Nine cases showed a significant increase in the number of atypical melanocytes with marked nuclear atypia, while the rest of the cases showed less noticeable changes in nail matrix including lower density of melanocytes and/or mild nuclear atypia. In 15 cases, the nuclear enlargement in some of the melanocytes was greater than two times that of the neighboring matrix cells. In the remaining three cases, the nuclei were enlarged to a much lesser degree. All cases displayed areas of haphazard and uneven distribution of solitary melanocytes and, although not observed in all cases, some degree of pagetoid spread was present in majority of the cases. In contrast, nail matrix nevi showed well‐formed nests consisting of relatively monomorphous melanocytes with abundant cytoplasm and subungual lentigos consisted of subtle increase in the number of dendritic melanocytes in solitary units within the lower layers of the nail matrix.ConclusionIncrease in the number of scattered atypical melanocytes with large hyperchromatic nuclei in a partial nail matrix may provide a diagnostic clue to subungual melanoma in situ in concert with its clinical suspicion.
Concomitant use of benzodiazepine and alcohol in methadone‐maintained patients from the ANRS–Methaville trial: Preventing the risk of opioid overdose in patients who failed with buprenorphine
Authors: Roux Perrine , Lions Caroline , Michel Laurent , Vilotitch Antoine , Mora Marion , Maradan Gwenaelle , Marcellin Fabienne , Spire Bruno , Alain Morel , Patrizia Carrieri M. ,   ANRS Methaville Study Group
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsConcomitant elevated alcohol consumption and use of benzodiazepines (BZD) during methadone treatment is widespread and particularly worrying because of the increased risk of overdose. Using concomitant binge drinking and use of BZD as a proxy of overdose risk, we aimed to study whether buprenorphine switchers were at higher risk of overdose during methadone treatment.Design and MethodsThe French National Agency for Research for Aids and Viral Hepatitis –Methaville multisite randomised trial enrolled 195 patients to assess the feasibility of initiating methadone in primary care by comparing it with methadone initiation in specialised centres. We selected 174 patients with available data on BZD use and alcohol binge drinking at baseline and 12 months, accounting for 318 visits. The outcome was defined to take into account an overdose risk gradient as follows: no BZD use, BZD use without and with binge drinking during the previous month. To identify factors associated with the outcome, we performed a mixed multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsAt baseline, 26% of the sample reported BZD use alone while 16% reported BZD use and binge drinking. Half of the sample (51%) was switching from buprenorphine treatment. After multivariate analysis, employment, depressive symptoms and switching treatment from buprenorphine to methadone [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 5.38 (1.74–16.62)] remained associated with BZD use and binge drinking.Discussion and ConclusionsAs well as the importance of identifying socially vulnerable and depressed methadone‐maintained patients, clinicians should be aware that patients who fail buprenorphine treatment and switch to methadone require greater clinical monitoring and management to avoid the risk of overdose. [Roux P, Lions C, Michel L, Mora M, Maradan G, Marcellin F, Spire B, Alain M, Patrizia CM, the ANRS Methaville Study Group. Concomitant use of benzodiazepine and alcohol in methadone‐maintained patients from the ANRS Methaville trials: Preventing the risk of opioid overdose in patients who failed with buprenorphine. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; ●●:●●–●●]
Marine reserves can enhance ecological resilience
Authors: Barnett Lewis A. K. , Baskett Marissa L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe goals of ecosystem‐based management (EBM) include protecting ecological resilience, the magnitude of a perturbation that a community can withstand and remain in a given state. As a tool to achieve this goal, no‐take marine reserves may enhance resilience by protecting source populations or reduce it by concentrating fishing in harvested areas. Here, we test whether spatial management with marine reserves can increase ecological resilience compared to non‐spatial (conventional) management using a dynamic model of a simplified fish community with structured predation and competition that causes alternative stable states. Relative to non‐spatial management, reserves increase the resilience of the desired (predator‐dominated) equilibrium state in both stochastic and deterministic environments, especially under intensive fishing. As a result, spatial management also increases the feasibility of restoring degraded (competitor‐dominated) systems, particularly if combined with culling of competitors or stock enhancement of adult predators.
Picture – Object Recognition in Kea (Nestor notabilis)
Authors: Wein Amelia , Gajdon Gyula K. , Schwing Raoul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough pictures are widely used as stimuli in cognitive experiments with both humans and animals, the question of how subjects interpret pictures receives less attention. Gaining a better understanding of this is especially important when working with avian subjects, as their visual anatomy and processing is different from that of humans, and even differs from one avian species to another. Successful testing for picture recognition in birds has been carried out mainly with pigeons, but no such research has been explicitly performed with ‘brainy’ birds like parrots, despite the fact that these have been the subject of exciting cognitive research. This study tested kea (Nestor notabilis) mountain parrots for picture–object recognition using a procedure which required the transfer of a learned discrimination task between pictures and objects. Kea successfully showed both picture‐to‐object and object‐to‐picture transfer and performed at a comparable level when pictures were displayed on a touch screen or as printed photographs.
Shifts in functional traits elevate risk of fire‐driven tree dieback in tropical savanna and forest biomes
Authors: Pellegrini Adam F. A. , Franco Augusto C. , Hoffmann William A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNumerous predictions indicate rising CO2 will accelerate the expansion of forests into savannas. Although encroaching forests can sequester carbon over the short term, increased fires and drought‐fire interactions could offset carbon gains, which may be amplified by the shift toward forest plant communities more susceptible to fire‐driven dieback. We quantify how bark thickness determines the ability of individual tree species to tolerate fire and subsequently determine the fire sensitivity of ecosystem carbon across 180 plots in savannas and forests throughout the 2.2‐million km2 Cerrado region in Brazil. We find that not accounting for variation in bark thickness across tree species underestimated carbon losses in forests by ~50%, totaling 0.22 PgC across the Cerrado region. The lower bark thicknesses of plant species in forests decreased fire tolerance to such an extent that a third of carbon gains during forest encroachment may be at risk of dieback if burned. These results illustrate that consideration of trait‐based differences in fire tolerance is critical for determining the climate‐carbon‐fire feedback in tropical savanna and forest biomes.
Incidence of dentinal defects after preparation of severely curved root canals using the Reciproc single‐file system with and without prior creation of a glide path
Authors: Saber S. E. D. M. , Schäfer E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the incidence of dentinal defects after preparation of severely curved root canals using the Reciproc single‐file system with and without prior creation of a glide path.MethodologyMesial roots from extracted mandibular first molars were collected and scanned with CBCT to assess the morphology of the root canal systems. Three groups of 20 anatomically comparable specimens were generated. The control group was left unprepared, whilst the experimental groups were prepared with Reciproc R25 with and without a glide path (groups RG and R, respectively). Roots were then sectioned perpendicular to the long axis at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm from the apex, and coloured photographs of the sections at 40× were obtained. Two blinded examiners registered the presence of dentinal defects twice at 2‐week interval. Data were statistically analysed using the Fisher exact and Cochran's Q tests.ResultsNo defects were observed in the control group. The overall incidence of dentinal defects was 26% in group R and 24% in group RG, with no significant differences between them (P > 0.05). Dentinal defects occurred significantly more often in the middle and coronal thirds compared to the apical third of the canals (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPrior preparation of a glide path had no impact on the incidence of dentinal defects when using Reciproc files.
Unusual cause of lower extremity wounds: Cobb syndrome
Authors: Abtahi‐naeini Bahareh , Saffaei Ali , Pourazizi Mohsen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCobb syndrome (Cutaneomeningospinal Angiomatosis) is a rare segmental neurocutaneous syndrome associated with metameric cutaneous and spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). In this syndrome, capillary malformation or angiokeratoma‐like lesions are formed in a dermatomal distribution, with an AVM in the corresponding segment of the spinal cord. The spinal cord lesions can cause neurological disorder and paraplegia, which typically develop during young adulthood. We report a 32‐year‐old male with the Cobb syndrome associated with lower extremity painful wounds and acute‐onset paraplegia due to metameric vascular malformations.
Volume Matters: Returning Home After Hip Fracture
Authors: Gozalo Pedro , Leland Natalie E. , Christian Thomas J. , Mor Vincent , Teno Joan M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of the relationship between volume (number of hip fracture admissions during the 12 months before participant's fracture) and other facility characteristics on outcomes.DesignProspective observational study.SettingU.S. skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) admitting individuals discharged from the hospital after treatment for hip fracture between 2000 and 2007 (N = 15,439).ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling fee‐for‐service Medi‐care beneficiaries aged 75 and older admitted to U.S. hospitals for their first hip fracture and discharged to a SNF for postacute care from 2000 to 2007 (N = 512,967).MeasurementsSuccessful discharge from SNF to community, defined as returning to the community within 30 days of hospital discharge to the SNF and remaining in the community without being institutionalized for at least 30 days, was examined using Medicare administrative data, propensity score matching, and instrumental variables.ResultsThe overall rate of successful discharge to the community was 31%. Of the 15,439 facilities, the facility interquartile range varied from 0% (25th percentile) to 42% (75th percentile). An important determinant of variation in discharge rate was SNF volume of hip fracture admissions. Unadjusted successful discharge from SNF to community was 43.7% in high‐volume facilities (>24 admissions/year), versus 18.8% in low‐volume facilities (1–6 admissions/year). This facility volume effect persisted after adjusting for participant and facility characteristics associated with outcomes (e.g., adjusted odds ratio = 2.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.91–2.21 for volume of 25 vs 3 admissions per year).ConclusionIn community‐dwelling persons with their first hip fracture, successful return to the community varies substantially according to SNF provider volume and staffing characteristics.
Toll‐like receptors 2, 4, and 9 in primary, metastasized, and recurrent oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Mäkinen Laura K. , Ahmed Abdirisak , Hagström Jaana , Lehtonen Sanna , Mäkitie Antti A. , Salo Tuula , Haglund Caj , Atula Timo 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pattern‐recognizing proteins involved in innate immunity and they seem to regulate both cancer progression and inhibition. In oral cancer, TLR activation has been linked to invasion. To define the role of TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and TLR‐9 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), we studied their expression in vivo in OTSCC tumor samples, as well as in vitro in cell invasion model.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry to compare the expression of TLR‐2, TLR‐4, and TLR‐9 in 21 primary Stage I‐II OTSCCs, neck metastases, and recurrent tumors. In addition, we used myoma organotypic invasion assay to evaluate the effect of GIT27 (4,5‐dihydro‐3‐phenyl‐5‐isoxasoleaceticacid) on the invasion of the HSC‐3 OTSCC cell line.ResultsTLR‐2, TLR‐4, and TLR‐9 were expressed in most tumors. Nuclear TLR‐2 expression occurred more often in primary tumors than in neck metastases or recurrent tumors of the neck, whereas nuclear TLR‐4 expression and cytoplasmic TLR‐9 expression were higher in primary tumors than in local recurrent tumors. GIT27 did not affect the invasion of HSC‐3 OTSCC cells, but a myoma organotypic invasion assay revealed that the expression of TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 was stronger in deeper‐invading cells.ConclusionsTLR‐2, TLR‐4, and TLR‐9 were expressed in primary tumors, neck metastases as well as in recurrent tumors of OTSCC. Thus, these receptors seem to play a role in both the development and progression of tongue carcinoma. These TLRs may also contribute to the invasive potential of OTSCC.