bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden Convexity, Optimization, and Algorithms on Rotation Matrices
Authors: Ramachandran Akshay , Shu Kevin , Wang Alex L. 
Published: July 2024

This paper studies hidden convexity properties associated with constrained optimization problems over the set of rotation matrices [Formula: see text]. Such problems are nonconvex because of the constraint [Formula: see text]. Nonetheless, we show that certain linear images of [Formula: see text] are convex, opening up the possibility for convex optimization algorithms with provable guarantees for these problems. Our main technical contributions show that any two-dimensional image of [Formula: see text] is convex and that the projection of [Formula: see text] onto its strict upper triangular entries is convex. These results allow us to construct exact convex reformulations for constrained optimization problems over [Formula: see text] with a single constraint or with constraints defined by low-rank matrices. Both of these results are maximal in a formal sense. Funding: A. Ramachandran was supported by the H2020 program of the European Research Council [Grant 805241-QIP]. A. L. Wang was supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [Grant OCENW.GROOT.2019.015 (OPTIMAL)]. K. Shu was supported by the Georgia Institute of Technology (ACO-ARC fellowship).
Research priorities of members of the British Association for Surgery of the Knee
Authors: Ahmed Imran , Metcalfe Andrew 
Published: July 2024

AimsThis study aims to identify the top unanswered research priorities in the field of knee surgery using consensus-based methodology.MethodsInitial research questions were generated using an online survey sent to all 680 members of the British Association for Surgery of the Knee (BASK). Duplicates were removed and a longlist was generated from this scoping exercise by a panel of 13 experts from across the UK who provided oversight of the process. A modified Delphi process was used to refine the questions and determine a final list. To rank the final list of questions, each question was scored between one (low importance) and ten (high importance) in order to produce the final list.ResultsThis consensus exercise took place between December 2020 and April 2022. A total of 286 clinicians from the BASK membership provided input for the initial scoping exercise, which generated a list of 105 distinct research questions. Following review and prioritization, a longlist of 51 questions was sent out for two rounds of the Delphi process. A total of 42 clinicians responded to the first round and 24 responded to the second round. A final list of 24 research questions was then ranked by 36 clinicians. The topics included arthroplasty, infection, meniscus, osteotomy, patellofemoral, cartilage, and ligament pathologies. The management of early osteoarthritis was the highest-ranking question.ConclusionA Delphi exercise involving the BASK membership has identified the future research priorities in knee surgery. This list of questions will allow clinicians, researchers, and funders to collaborate in order to deliver high-quality research in knee surgery and further advance the care provided to patients with knee pathology.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):662–668.
Above-knee amputation shows higher complication and mortality rates in line with lower functional outcome compared to knee arthrodesis in severe periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Schnetz Matthias , Maluki Roman , Ewald Larissa , Klug Alexander , Hoffmann Reinhard , Gramlich Yves 
Published: July 2024

AimsIn cases of severe periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee, salvage procedures such as knee arthrodesis (KA) or above-knee amputation (AKA) must be considered. As both treatments result in limitations in quality of life (QoL), we aimed to compare outcomes and factors influencing complication rates, mortality, and mobility.MethodsPatients with PJI of the knee and subsequent KA or AKA between June 2011 and May 2021 were included. Demographic data, comorbidities, and patient history were analyzed. Functional outcomes and QoL were prospectively assessed in both groups with additional treatment-specific scores after AKA. Outcomes, complications, and mortality were evaluated.ResultsA total of 98 patients were included, 52 treated with arthrodesis and 47 with AKA. The mean number of revision surgeries between primary arthroplasty and arthrodesis or AKA was 7.85 (SD 5.39). Mean follow-up was 77.7 months (SD 30.9), with a minimum follow-up of two years. Complications requiring further revision surgery occurred in 11.5% of patients after arthrodesis and in 37.0% of AKA patients. Positive intraoperative tissue cultures obtained during AKA was significantly associated with the risk of further surgical revision. Two-year mortality rate of arthrodesis was significantly lower compared to AKA (3.8% vs 28.3%), with age as an independent risk factor in the AKA group. Functional outcomes and QoL were better after arthrodesis compared to AKA. Neuropathic pain was reported by 19 patients after AKA, and only 45.7% of patients were fitted or were intended to be fitted with a prosthesis. One-year infection-free survival after arthrodesis was 88.5%, compared to 78.5% after AKA.ConclusionAbove-knee amputation in PJI results in high complication and mortality rates and poorer functional outcome compared to arthrodesis. Mortality rates after AKA depend on patient age and mobility, with most patients not able to be fitted with a prosthesis. Therefore, arthrodesis should be preferred whenever possible if salvage procedures are indicated.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):669–679.
Clinical evaluation of new bone formation during limb lengthening in children using ultrasound combined with superb microvascular imaging
Authors: Yaxier Nijiati , Zhang Yuan , Song Jun , Ning Bo 
Published: July 2024

AimsGiven the possible radiation damage and inaccuracy of radiological investigations, particularly in children, ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) may offer alternative methods of evaluating new bone formation when limb lengthening is undertaken in paediatric patients. The aim of this study was to assess the use of ultrasound combined with SMI in monitoring new bone formation during limb lengthening in children.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, ultrasound and radiograph examinations were performed every two weeks in 30 paediatric patients undergoing limb lengthening. Ultrasound was used to monitor new bone formation. The number of vertical vessels and the blood flow resistance index were compared with those from plain radiographs.ResultsWe categorized the new bone formation into three stages: stage I (early lengthening), in which there was no obvious callus formation on radiographs and ultrasound; stage II (lengthening), in which radiographs showed low-density callus formation with uneven distribution and three sub-stages could be identified on ultrasound: in Ia punctate callus was visible; in IIb there was linear callus formation which was not yet connected and in IIc there was continuous linear callus. In stage III (healing), the bone ends had united, the periosteum was intact, and the callus had disappeared, as confirmed on radiographs, indicating healed bone. A progressive increase in the number of vertical vessels was noted in the early stages, peaking during stages IIb and IIc, followed by a gradual decline (p < 0.001). Delayed healing involved patients with a prolonged stage IIa or those who regressed to stage IIa from stages IIb or IIc during lengthening.ConclusionWe found that the formation of new bone in paediatric patients undergoing limb lengthening could be reliably evaluated using ultrasound when combined with the radiological findings. This combination enabled an improved assessment of the prognosis, and adjustments to the lengthening protocol. While SMI offered additional insights into angiogenesis within the new bone, its role primarily contributed to the understanding of the microvascular environment rather than directly informing adjustments of treatment.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):751–758.
Resolving residual acetabular dysplasia following successful brace treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants
Authors: Saeed Ayesha , Bradley Catharine S. , Verma Yashvi , Kelley Simon P. 
Published: July 2024

AimsRadiological residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD) has been reported in up to 30% of children who had successful brace treatment of infant developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Predicting those who will resolve and those who may need corrective surgery is important to optimize follow-up protocols. In this study we have aimed to identify the prevalence and predictors of RAD at two years and five years post-bracing.MethodsThis was a single-centre, prospective longitudinal cohort study of infants with DDH managed using a published, standardized Pavlik harness protocol between January 2012 and December 2016. RAD was measured at two years’ mean follow-up using acetabular index-lateral edge (AI-L) and acetabular index-sourcil (AI-S), and at five years using AI-L, AI-S, centre-edge angle (CEA), and acetabular depth ratio (ADR). Each hip was classified based on published normative values for normal, borderline (1 to 2 standard deviations (SDs)), or dysplastic (> 2 SDs) based on sex, age, and laterality.ResultsOf 202 infants who completed the protocol, 181 (90%) had two and five years’ follow-up radiographs. At two years, in 304 initially pathological hips, the prevalence of RAD (dysplastic) was 10% and RAD (borderline) was 30%. At five years, RAD (dysplastic) decreased to 1% to 3% and RAD (borderline) decreased to < 1% to 2%. On logistic regression, no variables were predictive of RAD at two years. Only AI-L at two years was predictive of RAD at five years (p < 0.001). If both hips were normal at two years’ follow-up (n = 96), all remained normal at five years. In those with bilateral borderline hips at two years (n = 21), only two were borderline at five years, none were dysplastic. In those with either borderline-dysplastic or bilateral dysplasia at two years (n = 26), three (12%) were dysplastic at five years.ConclusionThe majority of patients with RAD at two years post-brace treatment, spontaneously resolved by five years. Therefore, children with normal radiographs at two years post-brace treatment can be discharged. Targeted follow-up for those with abnormal AI-L at two years will identify the few who may benefit from surgical correction at five years’ follow-up.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):744–750.
Are there patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip who may benefit from an uncemented hemiarthroplasty?
Authors: Bolbocean Corneliu , Hattab Zaid , O'Neill Stephen , Costa Matt L. 
Published: July 2024

AimsCemented hemiarthroplasty is an effective form of treatment for most patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip. However, it remains unclear whether there are subgroups of patients who may benefit from the alternative operation of a modern uncemented hemiarthroplasty – the aim of this study was to investigate this issue. Knowledge about the heterogeneity of treatment effects is important for surgeons in order to target operations towards specific subgroups who would benefit the most.MethodsWe used causal forest analysis to compare subgroup- and individual-level treatment effects between cemented and modern uncemented hemiarthroplasty in patients aged > 60 years with an intracapsular fracture of the hip, using data from the World Hip Trauma Evaluation 5 (WHiTE 5) multicentre randomized clinical trial. EuroQol five-dimension index scores were used to measure health-related quality of life at one, four, and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsOur analysis revealed a complex landscape of responses to the use of a cemented hemiarthroplasty in the 12 months after surgery. There was heterogeneity of effects with regard to baseline characteristics, including age, pre-injury health status, and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption. This heterogeneity was greater at the one-month mark than at subsequent follow-up timepoints, with particular regard to subgroups based on age. However, for all subgroups, the effect estimates for quality of life lay within the confidence intervals derived from the analysis of all patients.ConclusionThe use of a cemented hemiarthroplasty is expected to increase health-related quality of life compared with modern uncemented hemiarthroplasty for all subgroups of patients aged > 60 years with a displaced intracapsular fracture of the hip.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(7):656–661.
Structure of reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) tongue using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
Authors: MARINA MARTINA , SARAGIH GOLDA RANI , KUSTIATI ULAYATUL , BUDIPITOJO TEGUH , WIJAYANTO HERY , PANGESTININGSIH TRI WAHYU , ARIANA ARIANA , WENDO WORO DANUR , BUDIARIATI VISTA , KUSINDARTA DWI LILIEK 
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Marina M, Saragih GR, Kustiati U, Budipitojo T, Wijayanto H, Pangestiningsih TW, Ariana, Wendo WD, Budiariati V, Kusindarta DL. 2024. Structure of reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) tongue using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Biodiversitas 25: 1596-1604. Reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus) is the longest snake in the world. It belongs to order Squamata, suborder Serpentes, family Pythonidae, and genus Malayopython. The size of this snake can reach up to 6-8 m, which makes it the largest member of Pythonidae family. The tongue of Malayopython reticulatus (Schneider, 1801) is unique in that it serves the chemosensory process by capturing and carrying airborne chemical particles to Jacobson's or vomeronasal organs, so it would be very interesting to know the morphology of the lingual papillae of the tongue of M. reticulatus. This research aimed to determine the morphological and histological structures of M. reticulatus tongue via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Macroscopically, the tongue was divided into the apex, corpus, and radix. This organ is elongated with bifurcation. The dorsal anterior part tends to be blackish, whereas the posterior part tends to be lighter to reddish in color. SEM observation showed that the reticulated python tongue has microfacets and micropores on the dorsal side but lack papillae and taste buds. Histological results (HE staining) revealed that the tongue is divided into a mucosal layer and a muscular layer. The mucosal layer consists of lamina epithelial mucosa and lamina propria mucosa. Melanin exists in the lamina propria mucosa. The muscular layer comprises longitudinal, transverse, and vertical muscles and also lack papillae and taste buds.
Acceptability of adding a non-contrast abdominal CT scan to screen for kidney cancer and other abdominal pathology within a community-based CT screening programme for lung cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Masson Golnessa , Godoy Angela , Burge Sarah W. , Kitt Jessica , Farquhar Fiona , Cartledge Jon , Kimuli Michael , Burbidge Simon , Crosbie Philip A. J. , Eckert Claire , Hancock Neil , Iball Gareth R. , Rogerson Suzanne , Rossi Sabrina H. , Smith Andrew , Simmonds Irene , Wallace Tom , Ward Matthew , Callister Matthew E. J. , Stewart Grant D. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
The Yorkshire Kidney Screening Trial (YKST) is a feasibility study of adding non-contrast abdominal CT scanning to screen for kidney cancer and other abdominal malignancies to community-based CT screening for lung cancer within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial (YLST). This study explored the acceptability of the combined screening approach to participants and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in the trial.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight HCPs and 25 participants returning for the second round of scanning within YLST, 20 who had taken up the offer of the additional abdominal CT scan and five who had declined. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis, guided by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.

Results
Overall, combining the offer of a non-contrast abdominal CT scan alongside the low-dose thoracic CT was considered acceptable to participants, including those who had declined the abdominal scan. The offer of the additional scan made sense and fitted well within the process, and participants could see benefits in terms of efficiency, cost and convenience both for themselves as individuals and also more widely for the NHS. Almost all participants made an instant decision at the point of initial invitation based more on trust and emotions than the information provided. Despite this, there was a clear desire for more time to decide whether to accept the scan or not. HCPs also raised concerns about the burden on the study team and wider healthcare system arising from additional workload both within the screening process and downstream following findings on the abdominal CT scan.

Conclusions
Adding a non-contrast abdominal CT scan to community-based CT screening for lung cancer is acceptable to both participants and healthcare professionals. Giving potential participants prior notice and having clear pathways for downstream management of findings will be important if it is to be offered more widely.
The Treuhand and the Treuhanderschaft from the perspective of the specialised combined parallel-comparable corpus
Authors: Gvelesiani Irina 
Published: July 2024

Corpora-based analysis has become one of the major methodologies used in linguistics. However, it has not been widely applied in legalese studies. The paper makes an attempt to discuss the usefulness of the specialized combined parallel-comparable corpus while dealing with the legal language. The effectiveness is presented on the example of the Treuhand and the Treuhänderschaft. The research is based on the comparative analysis as well as the corpus-based analysis of the terms related to the Treuhand and the Treuhänderschaft presented in two varieties of German: Standard German spoken in Germany and Liechtenstein’s German. The corpus-based analysis reveals the juridical-semantic differences and the problematics of the verbal realization of the concepts. These hinder a proper interpretation and complicate the process of translation. The major solution is found through the specification of meaning by renaming. This solution may acquire the greatest importance in today’s world, because the process of globalization widens the area of utilization of the Treuhand and the Treuhänderschaft and any obscurity or incomprehensibility can cause problems during cross-national linguistic and juridical activities.
Serendipität und Open Data. Richtlinien für die Implementierung von Empfehlungssystemen auf Entdeckungsplattformen
Authors: Bertino Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die ständig wachsende Zahl wissenschaftlicher Publikationen zwingt Forschende dazu, viel Zeit zu investieren, um die für ihre akademische Arbeit relevanten Ressourcen zu finden. Unterstützung bieten hier Entdeckungsplattformen (discovery platforms), die Forschungsdaten, Publikationen und andere Forschungsressourcen aggregieren und deren Auffindbarkeit durch sogenannte recommender systems (RS) unterstützen. Der Einsatz solcher Technologien kann jedoch zu gewissen Verzerrungen bei der Selektion der für die Forschung nützlichen Ressourcen führen und sich auf die Auswahl der zu bearbeitenden Themen, die verwendeten Argumente und letztlich auf das Innovationspotenzial der Forschung auswirken. Diese Auswirkungen sind noch nicht hinreichend geklärt und es fehlt an Empfehlungen und Best Practices für die Entwicklung von RS für wissenschaftliche Entdeckungsplattformen. In diesem Beitrag werden Richtlinien für die Anwendung von RS in Discovery-Plattformen für die Forschung formuliert, insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Anwendung im Open Data Navigator, eine Discovery Plattform für Open Data, die im Rahmen des Schweizer Connectome-Projekts entwickelt wird. Als Prüfstein für die Nützbarkeit von RS wird das Konzept der Serendipität vorgeschlagen – das Phänomen, unerwartete, aber dennoch wertvolle Entdeckungen zu machen. Die empfohlenen Richtlinien zielen darauf ab, die Möglichkeit der Erfahrung von Serendipität in einer virtuellen Umgebung als eine der Voraussetzungen für innovative Forschung zu sichern.
The Penalties for the Violation of Separation: A Comparison between the United States and France
Authors: Weil Patrick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How do the United States and France guarantee that their proclamations of non-establishment and separation are respected? These two countries employ different types of tools to preserve and protect separation, directly rooted in the contexts from which they differently emerged – the writing of the Constitution in the U.S. and the 1905 law of separation in France: fiscal or financial in the United States, penal in France. This article analyses in detail how these various tools have emerged and developed throughout the 20th century. Since the 1980s, increasing political and judicial struggles raised by the development of new minority faiths (namely Islam) in France and Christian fundamentalism in the U.S. have caused a\ quasi-abandonment of the tools protecting separation that has contributed to regressions, back to the regimes the framers of the Constitution in the United States and authors of the law of 1905 in France respectively sought to abandon: the establishment or the state control of religion.
Conservative Christianity, Anti-Vaccination Activism, and the Challenge to Secularism in Singapore
Authors: Goh Daniel P. S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A culture war has been brewing in Singapore since 2009 when a conservative Christian group conducted a reverse takeover of a feminist civil society organization and was subsequently expelled from the organization in a publicized meeting between the two groups. Since then, the state has mediated the contestation of values between religious conservatives and liberal groups allied around issues of gender and sexuality. The culture war between the two sides has revolved around creative protests that have evaded state prohibitions against public contestations over what is legally considered private beliefs and affairs. They involve innovative hybridizations of American discourses on values and rights mixed with Asian emphases on family traditions and sentiments. The COVID-19 pandemic has, however, laid bare the adaptation of the American culture war into the Singaporean public sphere. This article looks at and analyzes COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among conservative Christians in Singapore and their incorporation of anti-vaccination views from American Christian nationalism into secular framings, invoking legal rights and responsibilities aligned with the state’s nationalist discourse. I argue that this represents a new phase of contestation by conservatives, refashioning their religious views into secular frames of public good and morality serving the secular nation. By doing so, they implicitly challenge the state’s regulation of religion as private interests and beliefs. This altered religious activism has shifted the terms of secularism and loosened the hegemony of the state in defining these terms.