bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La vue, la preuve et le droit : les vues figurées de la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Dumasy-Rabineau Juliette 
Published: January 2014

Au cours des deux derniers siècles du Moyen Âge, apparaît un genre de documents entièrement nouveau et assez spectaculaire : les vues figurées. Comparables à des vues en perspective cavalière, de plans ou encore de cartes, elles représentent des lieux ou des territoires disputés au cours d’un procès, et sont exhibées afin de mieux définir le droit de chacun. Les fondements juridiques de leur usage sont repérables du côté de la théorie et de la pratique du droit, qui affirment toutes deux l’excellence de la preuve par la vue. Mais leur nature, en tant que pièces de procédure, reste inclassable, parce qu’elles appartiennent à la fois au domaine du témoignage, de l’expertise et de la preuve.
Les docteurs régents de la Faculté de médecine de Paris et la fourniture de soins aux « bons pauvres malades » dans les paroisses parisiennes (1644-1791)
Authors: Coquillard Isabelle 
Published: January 2014

Élite médicale, les docteurs régents de la Faculté de médecine de Paris possèdent le privilège exclusif d’exercer leur art dans la capitale. À ce titre, la Faculté de médecine parvient à faire interdire la tenue des consultations charitables mises en place par Théophraste Renaudot, docteur de Montpellier, mais le Parlement lui donne l’ordre d’y suppléer en 1644. Si la Faculté de médecine peine à imposer la tenue de ces consultations gratuites aux docteurs régents, ceux-ci s’adonnent aux activités charitables dans le cadre des Compagnies de Charité de paroisse tenues par les Filles de la Charité de Saint-Vincent-de-Paul. Devenu médecin de paroisse, aux appointements fixes et réguliers, le docteur régent explore son territoire d’exercice, accumule un savoir spécifique sur un groupe, « consommateur de la charité », exprimant une demande de soin spécifique et pouvant, à tout moment, retrouver une position économique stable. Acteur de la nouvelle politique d’assistance du pouvoir royal, les docteurs régents cherchent à dominer ce « marché de la charité », dont l’implantation paroissiale tend progressivement à s’élargir au Royaume.
Strong Asymptotic Freeness for Free Orthogonal Quantum Groups
Authors: Brannan Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt is known that the normalized standard generators of the free orthogonal quantum groupO+Nconverge in distribution to a free semicircular system as N → ∞. In this note, we substantially improve this convergence result by proving that, in addition to distributional convergence, the operator normof any non-commutative polynomial in the normalized standard generators ofO+Nconverges asN→ ∞ to the operator norm of the corresponding non-commutative polynomial in a standard free semicircular system. Analogous strong convergence results are obtained for the generators of free unitary quantum groups. As applications of these results, we obtain a matrix-coefficient version of our strong convergence theorem, and we recover a well-knownL2-L∞norm equivalence for noncommutative polynomials in free semicircular systems.
The Rasmussen Invariant, Four-genus, and Three-genus of an Almost Positive Knot Are Equal
Authors: Tagami Keiji 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn oriented link is positive if it has a link diagram whose crossings are all positive. An oriented link is almost positive if it is not positive and has a link diagram with exactly one negative crossing. It is known that the Rasmussen invariant, 4-genus, and 3-genus of a positive knot are equal. In this paper, we prove that the Rasmussen invariant, 4-genus, and 3-genus of an almost positive knot are equal. Moreover, we determine the Rasmussen invariant of an almost positive knot in terms of its almost positive knot diagram. As corollaries, we prove that all almost positive knots are not homogeneous, and there is no almost positive knot of 4-genus one.
The efficiency and spectral photon dose dependence of photochemically induced changes to the bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Reader Heather E. , Miller William L. 
Published: January 2014

To quantify the effects of photochemistry on the biological lability of dissolved organic carbon in a terrestrially influenced system, a quarterly sampling effort was undertaken at three estuarine locations along the coast of Georgia, producing a total of 15 apparent quantum yield (AQY) spectra for biologically labile products (BLPs). Prefiltered samples were irradiated and then inoculated with natural microbial communities isolated from the same sample. Oxygen consumption was used as a proxy for community carbon utilization over 10–12 d dark incubations. Seasonal microbial response to irradiated samples ranged from ‒21% to +155% relative to dark controls. AQY spectral shapes were not consistent over the data set, nor were there any apparent patterns in season or location. Progressive photon dose experiments showed that increasing irradiation length strongly decreased the total biolabile product as assayed with microbial community oxygen consumption, as well as altering the spectral shape of the AQY spectra. A conceptual model is presented to explain this dependence on photon dose, by illustrating the competition between the photochemical production and photochemical destruction of BLPs. The varying dependence on photon dose is fundamentally different from published results for other photochemical products and further complicates attempts to quantify the total effect of photochemistry on organic carbon cycles in natural environments.
Consequences of UV‐enhanced community respiration for plankton metabolic balance
Authors: Agustí Susana , Regaudie-de-Gioux Aurore , Arrieta Jesús M. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: January 2014

The net community production (NCP) of plankton communities affects their role as sources or sinks of atmospheric CO2. Most estimates of NCP have been made by enclosing communities in bottles, generally glass borosilicate, that remove ultraviolet (UV)B and part of UVA wavelengths. A series of experiments were conducted to test whether NCP values from communities incubated excluding UVB (+ part of UVA) radiation (i.e., in glass borosilicate) differ from those of communities receiving the full solar radiation spectrum (i.e., incubated with quartz bottles) and to explore the effect of UV radiation on the respiration rates and bacterial production in these communities. Plankton NCP tended to be 43% lower, on average, when the rates were measured under full solar radiation than when UVB (+ part of UVA) was removed. Dark respiration was significantly enhanced after exposure to the full solar spectrum for most communities, showing lower values when previously incubated in a light environment free of UVB (‒50%) or in the dark (‒62%). Bacterial production was inhibited by natural sunlight but increased, as observed for community respiration, when transferred to the dark. Communities previously exposed to full solar spectrum showed the greatest increase in bacterial production when allowed to recover in the dark. The net result of these responses were an increase in community respiration and decline in net community production over 24 h, indicating that UVB radiation plays a major role in the metabolic balance of the ocean's surface ecosystem.
Micro‐aerobic bacterial methane oxidation in the chemocline and anoxic water column of deep south‐Alpine Lake Lugano (Switzerland)
Authors: Blees Jan , Niemann Helge , Wenk Christine B. , Zopfi Jakob , Schubert Carsten J. , Kirf Mathias K. , Veronesi Mauro L. , Hitz Carmen , Lehmann Moritz F. 
Published: January 2014

We measured seasonal variations in the vertical distribution of methane concentration, methane oxidation rates, and lipid biomarkers in the northern basin of Lake Lugano. Methane consumption below the oxic—anoxic interface co‐occurred with concentration maxima of 13C‐depleted C16 fatty acid biomarkers (with δ13C values as low as −70‰) in the anoxic water column, as well as characteristic δ13CCH4 profiles. We argue that the conspicuous methane concentration gradients are primarily driven by (micro‐)aerobic methane oxidation (MOx) below the chemocline. We measured a strong MOx potential throughout the anoxic water column, while MOx rates at in situ O2 concentration > 10 nmol L−1 were undetectable. Similarly, we found MOx‐related biomarkers and gene sequences encoding the particulate methane monooxygenase in the anoxic, but not the oxic, water. The mechanism of (episodic) oxygen supply sustaining the MOx community in anoxic waters is still uncertain. Our results indicate that a bacterial methanotrophic community is responsible for the methane consumption in Lake Lugano, without detectable contribution from archaeal methanotrophs. Bacterial populations that accumulated both at the suboxic—anoxic interface and in the deeper anoxic hypolimnion, where maximum potential MOx rates were observed throughout the year (1.5–2.5 µmol L−1 d−1) were mainly related to Methylobacter sp. Close relatives are found in lacustrine environments throughout the world, and their potential to thrive under micro‐ and anoxic conditions in Lake Lugano may imply that micro‐aerobic methane oxidation is important in methane cycling and competition for methane and oxygen in stratified lakes worldwide.
Long‐term study of minerogenic particle optics in Cayuga Lake, New York
Authors: Effler Steven W. , Peng Feng 
Published: January 2014

The dynamics of light scattering by minerogenic particles in the upper waters of Cayuga Lake, New York, were characterized for the spring—autumn interval of 8 yr (1999–2006) at pelagic and nearshore sites with a scanning electron microscope interfaced with automated image and x‐ray analyses (SAX). SAX results were used to estimate the minerogenic scattering coefficient (bm) through Mie theory calculations. SAX—Mie supported a two‐component model for particulate scattering (bp) that included an organic component of scattering (bo), estimated from a bio‐optical model. The credibility of the bm estimates and the two‐component modeling approach was demonstrated through good closure of the modeling results with bulk values of bp (estimated from measurements of the beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm). The average of the ratio bp : (bm + bo) was 1.03 (average relative error 19.4%). Two minerogenic particle types were important in regulating the dynamics of bm—clay minerals that increased in concentration in response to runoff events, and calcium carbonate precipitated mostly on small organic particles during short‐term late‐summer whiting events. bm was attributed to particles in the size range of 1–10 µm. Variations in bm dominated the overall variations in bp and Secchi disk depth; differences in bo explained well those observed in bp during dry weather intervals of low bm. Higher bm values, mainly associated with clay mineral particles, were observed at the nearshore site as opposed to the pelagic location; there was a positive linkage between these levels and tributary flow rate.
Le printemps contre l’hégémonie
Authors: Martin Éric 
Published: January 2014

À partir d’entrevues avec des protagonistes du mouvement étudiant, ce texte cherche à identifier les conditions qui ont permis l’émergence d’un mouvement étudiant et populaire d’une ampleur sans précédent lors du printemps 2012. L’émergence d’un pôle étudiant organisé autour du syndicalisme de combat et de la démocratie directe est identifié comme l’un des facteurs importants de consolidation et de persistance du mouvement. Dans un deuxième temps, les revendications en faveur du changement social portées par ce mouvement sont resituées dans le contexte de l’impasse ou du « blocage institutionnel » qui caractérise la société québécoise sous l’empire du néolibéralisme, et qui a pour effet de neutraliser les tentatives d’objectiver de nouvelles formes institutionnelles traversées par des finalités de justice sociale.
Tout voir et tout entendre, mais sans comprendre !
Authors: Sauvageau Florian , Thibault Simon 
Published: January 2014

Sans surprise, le conflit étudiant du printemps 2012 a été abondamment couvert par les médias. Est-ce à dire que les Québécois ont été bien informés ? Rien n’est moins certain. Une étude menée par le Centre d’études sur les médias révèle que si les faits (manifestations, violences, négociations, etc.) étaient bien connus des citoyens interviewés, plusieurs d’entre eux estimaient en savoir peu sur les enjeux de fond, que les médias n’avaient pas clarifié à leur satisfaction. À cet égard, le conflit étudiant semble constituer une autre illustration des difficultés qu’ont les médias traditionnels à offrir « a truthful, comprehensive and intelligent account of the day’s events in a context which gives them meaning », selon les mots de la célèbre Commission on Freedom of the Press de 1947, aux États-Unis. À l’aide d’une analyse de données et de propos recueillis lors de rencontres avec des citoyens et un groupe d’intellectuels québécois, nous analysons le contexte de cette couverture médiatique et les enjeux peu ou mal couverts par les médias québécois. Nous proposons également quelques constats qui pourraient expliquer les difficultés des médias à informer adéquatement le public sur ces enjeux de fond durant le conflit étudiant, ainsi que quelques pistes de solution.
« Les enfants gâtés d’une province parasite. »
Authors: Lacombe Sylvie 
Published: January 2014

Notre contribution analyse des articles d’opinion – éditoriaux et chroniques – dans le Toronto Star, le Globe and Mail et le National Post durant les mois de mars à septembre 2012. La perception du Printemps québécois y est, dans l’ensemble, plutôt négative, les revendications des étudiants grévistes restant largement incomprises des éditorialistes et chroniqueurs, qui y voient une défense insensée d’intérêts étroits, un caprice d’enfants déjà choyés du fait de leur situation. Mais commenter les événements qui agitent le Québec au printemps 2012 conduit surtout les commentateurs à juger le « modèle québécois » et à se prononcer sur la différence québécoise dans l’ensemble canadien. Plusieurs chroniqueurs rattachent aussi cette agitation aux désordres que connaissent certains pays européens, notamment la Grèce, pour leur trouver des similitudes. Dans tous les cas, la différence québécoise n’inspire aucune bienveillance : au mieux, elle témoigne de l’inconscience et de l’irrationalité qui imprègnent les politiques publiques dans cette province ; au pire, elle est artificiellement maintenue au détriment de tous les contribuables canadiens. C’est ainsi que les étudiants grévistes apparaissent comme les enfants gâtés d’une province parasite.
Pathologic and Clinical Characteristics of Elderly Patients With Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a Multicenter Study (Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology)
Authors: İnal Ali , Akman Tulay , Yaman Sebnem , Ozturk Selcuk Cemil , Geredeli Caglayan , Bilici Mehmet , İnanc Mevlude , Harputoglu Hakan , Demirci Umut , Balakan Ozan , Cınkır Havva Yesil , Alıcı Suleyman , Colak Dilsen , Sonmez Ozlem Uysal , Goksel Gamze , Dogu Gamze Gokoz , Engin Huseyin , Unal Olcun Umit , Tamozlu Tulay , Buyukberber Suleyman , Boruban Cem Melih , Isıkdogan Abdurrahman 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
There is very little information about breast cancer characteristics, treatment choices, and survival among elderly patients. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to examine the clinical, pathologic, and biologic characteristics of 620 breast cancer patients age 70 years or older. Between June 1991 and May 2012, 620 patients with breast cancer, recruited from 16 institutions, were enrolled in the retrospective study. Patients had smaller tumors at diagnosis; only 15% of patients had tumors larger than 5 cm. The number of patients who had no axillary lymph node involvement was 203 (32.7%). Ninety-three patients (15.0%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Patients were characterized by a higher fraction of pure lobular carcinomas (75.3%). The tumors of the elderly patients were also more frequently estrogen receptor (ER) positive (75.2%) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive (67.3%). The local and systemic therapies for breast cancer differed according to age. An association between age and overall survival has not been demonstrated in elderly patients with breast cancer. In conclusion, the biologic behavior of older patients with breast cancer differs from younger patients, and older patients receive different treatments.
Duplicated Gallbladder
Authors: Shiba Hiroaki , Misawa Takeyuki , Ito Ryusuke , Ohki Kazuyoshi , Igarashi Takao , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Duplication of the gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system with the incidence of 1 in 3800. A 38-year-old woman visited our patient clinic for evaluation of wall thickening of the gallbladder, detected by abdominal ultrasonography during a regular medical checkup. Drip infusion cholecystocholangiography–computed tomography revealed Y-shaped duplicated gallbladders.
Metachronous Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the Stomach and the Breast: Report of Two Cases With Review of Literature
Authors: Karthikeyan Vilvapathy Senguttuvan , Sistla Sarath Chandra , Srinivasan Ramachandran , Basu Debdatta , Panicker Lakshmi C. , Ali Sheik Manwar , Rajkumar Nagarajan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMultiple primary malignant neoplasm is the occurrence of a second primary malignancy in the same patient within 6 months of the detection of first primary (synchronous), or 6 months or more after primary detection (metachronous). Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are not very frequently encountered in clinical practice. The relative risk for a second primary malignancy increases by 1.111-fold every month from the detection of the first primary malignancy in any individual. We present 2 patients treated for carcinoma of the breast who developed a metachronous primary malignancy in the stomach to highlight the rare occurrence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms. These tumors were histologically dissimilar, with distinct immunohistochemical parameters. The importance lies in carefully identifying the second primary malignancies, not dismissing them as metastases, and treating them accordingly.
Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma With Leiomyosarcomatous Differentiation
Authors: Suzuki Masaki , Fukuchi Minoru , Sakurai Shinji , Naitoh Hiroshi , Kiriyama Shinsuke , Fukasawa Takaharu , Tabe Yuichi , Yamauchi Hayato , Yoshida Tomonori , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We herein describe a 60-year-old Japanese man with a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma undergoing leiomyosarcomatous differentiation. He was admitted to our hospital because of a 5-month history of dysphagia and abdominal distention. Abdominal computed tomography showed a giant tumor that occupied the entire retroperitoneal space. The majority of the mass was lipomatous and low density; both a heterogenous and solid mass were also present. A giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma was diagnosed, and tumor resection was performed. At surgery, the tumor was mostly isolated from the retroperitoneum and other organs. Histopathologically, the tumor comprised well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma with heterologous differentiation of the leiomyosarcomatous components, which is a rare phenomenon in liposarcoma. The patient was alive 3 years after the first treatment, although he has had 3 local recurrences (approximately one recurrence yearly) and has been treated by repeated resection and radiotherapy.
Early Versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: A Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Özkardeş Alper Bilal , Tokaç Mehmet , Dumlu Ersin Gürkan , Bozkurt Birkan , Çiftçi Ahmet Burak , Yetişir Fahri , Kılıç Mehmet 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We aimed to compare the clinical outcome and cost of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Sixty patients with acute cholecystitis were randomized into early (within 24 hours of admission) or delayed (after 6–8 weeks of conservative treatment) laparoscopic cholecystectomy groups. There was no significant difference between study groups in terms of operation time and rates for conversion to open cholecystectomy. On the other hand, total hospital stay was longer (5.2 ± 1.40 versus 7.8 ± 1.65 days; P = 0.04) and total costs were higher (2500.97 ± 755.265 versus 3713.47 ± 517.331 Turkish Lira; P = 0.03) in the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded in 8 patients in the early laparoscopic cholecystectomy group, whereas no complications occurred in the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy group (P = 0.002). Despite intraoperative and postoperative complications being associated more with early laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with delayed intervention, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be preferred for treatment of acute cholecystitis because of its advantages of shorter hospital stay and lower cost.
Peripancreatic Soft Tissue Involvement: Independent Outcome Predictor in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jahromi Alireza Hamidian , Zibari Gazi B. , Jafarimehr Elnaz , Chu Quyen , Wellman Gregory P. , Shi Runhua , Johnson Lester W. , Shokouh-Amiri Hosein 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe impact of cancer involving the peripancreatic soft tissue (PST), irrespective of margin status, following a resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not known. The purpose of this study is to determine such an impact on a cohort of patients. Data from 274 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery by our team between 1998 and 2012 was reviewed. Of those 119 patients who had pancreatic resection for adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: Group 1 = R1 resection (N = 39), Group 2 = R0 with involved PST (N = 54), and Group 3 = R0 with uninvolved PST (N = 26). Demographics, operative data, tumor characteristics and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Operations performed were: Whipple (N = 53), pylorus sparing Whipple (N = 41), total pancreatectomy (N = 11), and other (N = 14). Median OS for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 8.5 months, 12 months, and 69.6 months respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Tumor size (P = 0.016), margin status (P = 0.006), grade (P = 0.001), stage (P = 0.037), PST status (P &lt; 0.001), complications (P = 0.046), transfusion history (P = 0.003) were all predictors of survival. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that grade (HR = 3.1), PST involvement (HR = 2.7), transfusion requirement (HR = 2.6) and margin status (HR = 2.0) were the only independent predictors of mortality. PST is a novel predictor of poor outcome for patients with resected pancreatic cancer.