bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetics and Astronomy: How Museum Labels Affect the Understanding and Appreciation of Deep‐Space Images
Authors: Smith Lisa F. , Smith Jeffrey K. , Arcand Kimberly K. , Smith Randall K. , Bookbinder Jay A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHow can we best communicate to museum visitors the science that underlies the incredible images of space that are generated through the data collected from satellites and observatories? The Aesthetics and Astronomy Group, a collection of astrophysicists, space image developers, science communication experts, and research psychologists, has studied how individuals respond to space‐image descriptions when viewing images on websites such as the Astronomy Picture of the Day and the Chandra telescope site. In this article, we turn our attention to the communication of scientific information in museum settings, in particular where the exhibit is comprised solely of images. We developed a traveling exhibition of space images expressly for this purpose, and interviewed 167 visitors to the exhibition at four major science museums. We asked the visitors what types of labels they preferred, what they would like to see in labels, and what impressed them about the images. The results of our efforts are presented here.
Delayed Match Retrieval: a novel anticipation‐based visual working memory paradigm
Authors: Kaldy Zsuzsa , Guillory Sylvia B. , Blaser Erik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe tested 8‐ and 10‐month‐old infants’ visual working memory (VWM) for object‐location bindings – what is where – with a novel paradigm, Delayed Match Retrieval, that measured infants’ anticipatory gaze responses (using a Tobii T120 eye tracker). In an inversion of Delayed‐Match‐to‐Sample tasks and with inspiration from the game Memory, in test trials, three face‐down virtual ‘cards’ were presented. Two flipped over sequentially (revealing, e.g. a swirl pattern and then a star), and then flipped back face‐down. Next, the third card was flipped to reveal a match (e.g. a star) to one of the previously seen, now face‐down cards. If infants looked to the location where the (now face‐down) matching card had been shown, this was coded as a correct response. To encourage anticipatory looks, infants subsequently received a reward (a brief, engaging animation) presented at that location. Ten‐month‐old infants performed significantly above chance, showing that their VWM could hold object‐location information for the two cards. Overall, 8‐month‐olds’ performance was at chance, but they showed a robust learning trend. These results corroborate previous findings (Kaldy & Leslie, 2005; Oakes, Ross‐Sheehy & Luck, 2006) and point to rapid development of VWM for object‐location bindings. However, compared to previous paradigms that measure passive gaze responses to novelty, this paradigm presents a more challenging, ecologically relevant test of VWM, as it measures the ability to make online predictions and actively localize objects based on VWM. In addition, this paradigm can be readily scaled up to test toddlers or older children without significant modification.
Responsiveness of clinical outcome measures in Charcot−Marie−Tooth disease
Authors: Piscosquito G. , Reilly M. M. , Schenone A. , Fabrizi G. M. , Cavallaro T. , Santoro L. , Manganelli F. , Vita G. , Quattrone A. , Padua L. , Gemignani F. , Visioli F. , Laurà M. , Calabrese D. , Hughes R. A. C. , Radice D. , Solari A. , Pareyson D. ,   the CMT‐TRIAAL and CMT‐TRAUK Group
Published: July 2015

Background and purposeCharcot−Marie−Tooth disease (CMT) is a very slowly progressive neuropathy which makes it difficult to detect disease progression over time and to assess intervention efficacy. Experience from completed clinical trials with ascorbic acid and natural history studies confirm difficulties in detecting such changes. Consequently, sensitive‐to‐change outcome measures (OMs) are urgently needed.MethodsThe relative responsiveness of clinical scales of the Italian−UK ascorbic acid trial (placebo arm) were assessed by using the standardized response mean (SRM), which is the ratio of the paired scores mean change over time to the standard deviation of the score change (0 is worst responsiveness).ResultsLittle worsening of OM scores was found over 2 years. In detail, the primary OM of the trial, the CMT Neuropathy Score version 1 (CMTNSv1), showed low responsiveness (SRM 0.13). Some CMTNS items showed slightly greater responsiveness (CMT Examination Score 0.17; CMTNS Signs 0.19). Myometric assessments of handgrip and foot dorsiflexion strength were the most responsive (SRM −0.31 and −0.38, respectively). Amongst the other measures, the nine‐hole peg test, which assesses upper limb functioning, showed the best sensitivity to change (SRM 0.28).ConclusionsOverall these OMs showed low or negligible responsiveness, confirming the need to improve current OMs and to develop novel ones for prognostic and interventional studies. However, handgrip and foot dorsiflexion myometry are worth retaining for future trials as they were the most responsive and are likely to be clinically relevant for patients.
Psychopathological comorbidities in medication‐overuse headache: a multicentre clinical study
Authors: Sarchielli P. , Corbelli I. , Messina P. , Cupini L. M. , Bernardi G. , Bono G. , Di Piero V. , Petolicchio B. , Livrea P. , Prudenzano M. P. , Pini L. A. , Sandrini G. , Allena M. , Tedeschi G. , Russo A. , Caproni S. , Beghi E. , Calabresi P. ,   the SAMOHA Study Group
Published: July 2015

Background and purposeIn medication‐overuse headache (MOH) patients, the presence of psychopathological disturbances may be a predictor of relapse and poor response to treatment. This multicentre study aimed to assess the occurrence of psychopathological disorders in MOH patients by comparing the incidence of psychopathological disturbances with episodic migraine (EM) patients and healthy controls (HC).MethodsThe psychopathological assessment of patients and HC involved the administrations of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Modified Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M‐MINI), the Yale−Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) and the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire.ResultsThe MOH, EM and HC groups (88, 129 and 102 subjects, respectively) differed significantly from each other for the presence of moderate/severe anxiety, whereas mood disorder and depression were revealed in similar proportions for both MOH and EM patients. By stratifying the M‐MINI questionnaire results according to the number of psychiatric disorders, it was found that MOH patients had a more complex profile of psychiatric comorbidity. Furthermore, clinically relevant obsessive−compulsive disturbances for abused drugs assessed by Y‐BOCS appeared to be more represented in the MOH group, whilst the prevalence of this trait in the EM group was comparable to that of HC (12.5%, 0.8% and 0%, respectively).ConclusionsOur study indicates the multiple presence of psychopathological comorbidities in patients with MOH. In light of this, it is recommended that the assessment of the psychopathological profile be included in an evaluation of MOH patients, allowing the clinician to more rapidly start an appropriate behavioural treatment, which would greatly improve MOH management.
Correlates of disability related to seizures in persons with epilepsy
Authors: Sajobi Tolulope T. , Jette Nathalie , Fiest Kirsten M. , Patten Scott B. , Engbers Jordan D. T. , Lowerison Mark W. , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveSeizure‐related disability is an important contributor to health‐related quality of life in persons with epilepsy. Yet, there is little information on patient‐centered reports of seizure‐related disability, as most studies focus on specific constructs of health‐related disability, rather than epilepsy. We investigated how patients rate their own disability and how these ratings correlate with various clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 250 adults with epilepsy consecutively enrolled in the Neurological Disease and Depression Study (NEEDs), we obtained a broad range of clinical and patient‐reported measures, including patients' ratings of seizure‐related disability and epilepsy severity using self‐completed, single‐item, 7‐point response global assessment scales. Spearman's correlation, multiple linear regression, and mediation analyses were used to examine the association between seizure‐related disability scores and clinical and demographic characteristics of persons with epilepsy.ResultsThe mean age and duration of epilepsy was 39.8 and 16.7 years, respectively. About 29.5% of the patients reported their seizures as “not at all disabling,” whereas 5.8% of the patients reported them as “extremely disabling.” Age, seizure freedom at 1 year, anxiety, and epilepsy severity were identified as statistically significant predictors of disability scores. The indirect effects of age and seizure freedom, attributable to mediation through epilepsy severity, accounted for 25.0% and 30.3% of the total effects of these determinants on seizure‐related disability, respectively.SignificanceMeasuring seizure‐related disability has heuristic value and it has important correlates and mediators that can be targeted for intervention in practice. Addressing modifiable factors associated with disability (e.g., seizure freedom and anxiety) could have a significant impact on decreasing the burden of disability in people with epilepsy.
Nutrient and functional properties of composite flours processed from pregelatinised barley, sprouted faba bean and carrot flours
Authors: Neme Kumera , Bultosa Geremew , Bussa Negussie 
Published: July 2015

SummaryMixture response surface methodology was used to study the effects of blending ratio (barley, faba bean and carrot) and faba bean sprout durations (1, 2 and 3 days) to improve nutrients and functional properties of bassoo (a traditional food in Ethiopia). Addition of sprouted and roasted faba bean and dried carrot flours significantly (P < 0.05) increased iron, zinc, total carotenoid (TC), water solubility index (WSI), water hydration capacity (WHC) and aw. Models generated were fitting with high coefficient of determination R2: 0.74, 0.94, 0.99, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.94, 0.96 and 0.99 for iron, zinc, TC, condensed tannin, ferric reducing power, aw, WAI, WSI and WHC, respectively. The study showed blending of pregelatinised barley, sprouted and roasted faba bean and dried carrots flours from 50% to 65%, 25% to 35% and 10% to 15%, respectively, led to achieve desired functional and nutritional quality studied.
Rheology and modelling of aqueous gum solutions commonly used in the food industry
Authors: Torres María D. , Vázquez‐Vila María J. , Pereira‐Gonçalvez Gerardo 
Published: July 2015

SummaryRheological properties of solutions prepared using xanthan (XG), locust bean (LBG) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gums, and their binary mixtures were studied. The influence of shear rate, total gum content, measurement time and temperature on the apparent viscosity was investigated. In the binary mixtures, the presence of different gum ratios at several total gum content was also analysed. XG solutions were always the most stable, providing high viscosity values which rose notably with increasing gum content. XG/LBG and CMC/XG mixtures depicted high values of viscosity for very low gum amounts. Viscosity did not change with measurement time in mixtures containing XG, whereas varied with measurement temperature. This variation was lower for samples with larger total gum content. The viscosity was also modified when different gum ratios were tested. A mathematical model was proposed to evaluate the combined effect of temperature, concentration and shear rate on the apparent viscosity.
Oxygen Ion Conduction in Bulk and Grain Boundaries of Nominally Donor‐Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT): A Combined Impedance and Tracer Diffusion Study
Authors: Slouka Christoph , Holzlechner Gerald , Andrejs Lukas , Navickas Edvinas , Hutter Herbert , Fleig Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

Oxygen ion conduction in Nd3+‐doped Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) was investigated by impedance spectroscopy and 18O‐tracer diffusion with subsequent secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis. Ion blocking electrodes lead to a second relaxation feature in impedance spectra at temperatures above 600°C. This allowed analysis of ionic and electronic partial conductivities. Between 600°C and 700°C those are in the same order of magnitude (10−5–10−4 S/cm) though very differently activated (2.4 eV vs. 1.2 eV for ions and electron holes, respectively). Oxygen tracer experiments showed that ion transport mainly takes place along grain boundaries with partly very high local ionic conductivities. Numerical analysis of the tracer profiles, including a near‐surface space charge zone, revealed bulk and grain‐boundary diffusion coefficients. Calculation of an effective ionic conductivity from these diffusion coefficients showed good agreement with conductivity values determined from impedance measurements. Based on these data oxygen vacancy concentrations in grain boundary and bulk could be estimated. Annealing at high temperatures caused a decrease in the grain‐boundary ionic conductivity and onset of additional defect chemical processes near the surface, most probably due to cation diffusion.
A molecular understanding of d‐homoestrone‐induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells
Authors: Minorics Renáta , Bózsity Noémi , Molnár Judit , Wölfling János , Mernyák Erzsébet , Schneider Gyula , Ocsovszki Imre , Zupkó István 
Published: July 2015

Abstract2‐Methoxyestradiol (ME), one of the most widely investigated A‐ring‐modified metabolites of estrone, exerts significant anticancer activity on numerous cancer cell lines. Its pharmacological actions, including cell cycle arrest, microtubule disruption and pro‐apoptotic activity, have already been described in detail. The currently tested d‐ring‐modified analogue of estrone, d‐homoestrone, selectively inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces a G2/M phase cell cycle blockade, resulting in the development of apoptosis. The question arose of whether the difference in the chemical structures of these analogues can influence the mechanism of anticancer action. The aim of the present study was therefore to elucidate the molecular contributors of intracellular processes induced by d‐homoestrone in HeLa cells. Apoptosis triggered by d‐homoestrone develops through activation of the intrinsic pathway, as demonstrated by determination of the activities of caspase‐8 and ‐9. It was revealed that d‐homoestrone‐treated HeLa cells are not able to enter mitosis because the cyclin‐dependent kinase 1‐cyclin B complex loses its activity, resulting in the decreased inactivation of stathmin and a concomitant disturbance of microtubule formation. However, unlike 2‐ME, d‐homoestrone does not exert a direct effect on tubulin polymerization. These results led to the conclusion that the d‐homoestrone‐triggered intracellular processes resulting in a cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells differ from those in the case of 2‐ME. This may be regarded as an alternative mechanism of action among steroidal anticancer compounds.
Effect of gestational age and blood glucose on C‐peptide excretion rate and clearance in neonates
Authors: Salis Emma R , Soelbeck Mikkel K , Reith David M , Wheeler Benjamin J , Broadbent Roland S , Medlicott Natalie J 
Published: July 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to measure urinary C‐peptide concentrations, and then calculate C‐peptide clearance (Cl), and excretion rate (UER) in neonates. In addition, the effect of gestational age (GA) and blood glucose levels (BGL) on C‐peptide UER were investigated.MethodsInsulin concentrations in plasma and C‐peptide concentrations were measured in plasma and urine, in 20 neonates. Chemiluminescent immunoassays were used for insulin and C‐peptide measurements, with urine diluted to 40% with bovine serum albumin 1% in phosphate buffered saline. Urine volume and time of collection were recorded and used to calculate UER and Cl.ResultsThe mean Cl of C‐peptide was 0.309 ± 0.329 mL/min/kg, and UER was 0.0329 ± 0.0342 pmol/min/kg. Correlations between Cl or UER and GA were not significant (P > 0.05). No significant correlation was shown between Cl or UER and BGL (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth Cl and UER were highly variable in neonates, but were not correlated with GA. Additionally, BGL did not appear to affect C‐peptide UER and Cl. As GA and BGL did not appear to affect Cl and UER, urinary C‐peptide may provide a non‐invasive method of measuring insulin production in neonates.
Retrospective assessment of caries experience among US Naval Academy midshipmen
Authors: Stratmeyer Matthew S. , Diefenderfer Kim E. , Leiendecker Thomas M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the 4‐year caries incidence among US Naval Academy midshipmen.MethodsDental records (n = 300) from a total population of 1,016 midshipmen from the 2011 graduating class at US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, were randomly selected for review. Patients were assigned a caries risk status based on the number of caries lesions recorded at initial examination (low = 0 lesions; moderate = 1‐2 lesions; high = 3+ lesions). For each risk category, caries prevalence (DMFS, DMFT) and caries incidence were calculated based on findings recorded at the initial (E1), third year (E2), and fourth year (E3) examinations. The most significant predictors for caries incidence were determined for each risk category.ResultsMean DMFS and DMFT were significantly different for each risk group at each examination (low < moderate < high; one‐way ANOVA, P < 0.05). Within each caries risk category, mean DMFS and DMFT increased significantly from E1 to E3 (repeated measures ANOVA, all P < 0.05). Compared with low‐risk patients, total caries incidence was over 2× greater for moderate‐risk and nearly 4× greater for high‐risk patients (one‐way ANOVA, P < 0.05). “Filled surfaces” was the most significant predictor for caries incidence among low‐risk patients; among high‐risk and all risk groups combined, the most significant predictors were “decayed surfaces” and “decayed surfaces plus incipient surfaces” (linear regression; all P < 0.047).ConclusionsCaries experience was consistently greater for moderate‐ and high‐risk patients at all examinations. The magnitude of increase in caries experience was greater for moderate‐ and high‐risk patients. Caries history and current disease status reliably predict future caries experience in this young adult population.
A novel technique for bedside anorectal manometry in humans
Authors: Bharucha A. E. , Stroetz R. , Feuerhak K. , Szarka L. A. , Zinsmeister A. R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, anorectal manometry (ARM), which is used to diagnose defecatory disorders and identify anal weakness in fecal incontinence (FI) is generally conducted in specialized laboratories. Our aims were to compare anorectal functions measured with high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and a novel portable manometry device.MethodsAnal pressures at rest, during squeeze, and simulated evacuation, and rectal sensation were evaluated with portable and HRM in 20 healthy women, 19 women with constipation, and 11 with FI. The relationship between anal pressures measured with portable and HRM was assessed by the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland Altman test, and paired t‐tests.Key ResultsAnal pressures at rest (CCC 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.58) and during squeeze (CCC 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.72) measured with portable and HRM were correlated and inversely associated with the risk of FI. During simulated evacuation, the CCC for rectal pressure (0.62; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.76) was greater than that for anal pressure (CCC 0.22; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.39) and the rectoanal gradient (CCC 0.22; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.41). Rectal sensory thresholds for first sensation, the desire to defecate, and urgency measured by portable and HRM were also significantly correlated between techniques. For several parameters, differences between portable and HRM were statistically significant and the Bland Altman test was positive.Conclusions & InferencesAnorectal pressures and rectal sensation can be conveniently measured by portable manometry and are significantly correlated with high‐resolution manometry.
The Fear‐avoidance Components Scale (FACS): Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a New Measure of Pain‐related Fear Avoidance
Authors: Neblett Randy , Mayer Tom G. , Hartzell Meredith M. , Williams Mark J. , Gatchel Robert J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPain‐related fear avoidance (FA), a common problem for patients with painful medical conditions, involves pain‐related catastrophizing cognitions, hypervigilance, and avoidance behaviors, which can ultimately lead to decreased functioning, depression, and disability. Several patient‐reported instruments have been developed to measure FA, but they have been criticized for limited construct validity, inadequate item specificity, lack of cutoff scores, and missing important FA components. The Fear‐Avoidance Components Scale (FACS) is a new patient‐reported measure designed to comprehensively evaluate FA in patients with painful medical conditions. It combines important components of FA found in prior FA scales, while trying to correct some of their deficiencies, within a framework of the most current FA model. Psychometric evaluation of the FACS found high internal consistency (α = 0.92) and high test/retest reliability (r = 0.90–0.94, P < 0.01). FACS scores differentiated between 2 separate chronic pain patient samples and a nonpatient comparison group. When clinically relevant severity levels were created, FACS severity scores were highly associated with FA‐related patient‐reported psychosocial and objective lifting performance variables. These results suggest that the FACS is a psychometrically strong and reliable measure that can help healthcare providers assess FA‐related barriers to function and recovery.
Embolism spread in the primary xylem of Polystichum munitum: implications for water transport during seasonal drought
Authors: Brodersen Craig R. , Rico Christopher , Guenni Orlando , Pittermann Jarmila 
Published: July 2015

AbstractXylem network structure and function have been characterized for many woody plants, but less is known about fern xylem, particularly in species endemic to climates where water is a limiting resource for months at a time. We characterized seasonal variability in soil moisture and frond water status in a common perennial fern in the redwood understory of a costal California, and then investigated the consequences of drought‐induced embolism on vascular function. Seasonal variability in air temperature and soil water content was minimal, and frond water potential declined slowly over the observational period. Our data show that Polystichum munitum was protected from significant drought‐induced hydraulic dysfunction during this growing season because of a combination of cavitation resistant conduits (Air‐seeding threshold (ASP) = −1.53 MPa; xylem pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50) = −3.02 MPa) and a soil with low moisture variability. High resolution micro‐computed tomography (MicroCT) imaging revealed patterns of embolism formation in vivo for the first time in ferns providing insight into the functional status of the xylem network under drought conditions. Together with stomatal conductance measurements, these data suggest that P. munitum is adapted to tolerate drier conditions than what was observed during the growing season.