bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atividades investigativas sobre energia termoelétrica no sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Alves de Souza Janaina , Moraes Braga Martin Maria da Graça 
Published: August 2024

Ensino por investigação se destaca pelo protagonismo dos estudantes na resolução de problemas, promove a autonomia intelectual, a criticidade e o conhecimento científico. Por meio da reflexão e discussão com os colegas, o aluno é instigado a relacionar os conceitos estabelecidos ao seu cotidiano e ao fazer científico. As transformações de energia são processos químicos, físicos e biológicos que podem ser abordados de forma interdisciplinar, e permitem uma gama de enfoques de acordo com a habilidade a ser desenvolvida pelos alunos, com o conteúdo pedagógico em questão e com o interesse da turma. A partir disso, o presente estudo expõe atividades pautadas no Ensino por investigação, implementadas em uma turma do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental com o tema energia termoelétrica. O estudo teve o objetivo de analisar de que forma as atividades implementadas atendem os alicerces do Ensino por investigação, entre eles: apropriação do problema pelos alunos, busca de informações em diferentes fontes e interação entre os alunos e entre alunos e o professor. Como resultados, a apropriação do problema foi verificada através da participação ativa dos alunos nas atividades, isto é, através da elaboração de hipóteses, discussões e reflexões sobre o problema. Durante as atividades, os alunos consultaram diferentes fontes de informações, como: textos e vídeos, indicados pela professora; livros e sites online, explorados pelos próprios estudantes. Por meio desse processo, reconheceram a importância da pesquisa em diferentes fontes. Além disso, a comunicação entre os envolvidos esteve presente em todas as etapas. Portanto, a partir da análise das transcrições das aulas e da produção dos alunos, observou-se que as atividades realizadas atendem aos critérios propostos.
Competing Reactions Limit Production of Sugars in Hydrothermal Hydrolysis of Grass Silage: An Assessment of the Effect of Temperature on Sugar Production and Parasitic Energy Demand
Authors: Lin Richen , Deng Chen , Rajendran Karthik , Bose Archishman , Kang Xihui , Murphy Jerry D. 
Published: August 2024

Grass represents a major renewable feedstock in temperate climate zones, but its efficient utilization is challenging in biorefineries and advanced biofuels due to its structural recalcitrance. Here hydrothermal hydrolysis (100–180°C, for up to 40 min duration) was investigated to improve sugar yields from grass silage. The optimal conditions (140°C for 20 min duration) showed the highest sugar yield of 0.29 g/g volatile solid (VS) of grass silage. Further increasing the temperature to 180°C favored degradation of sugars (such as glucose, xylose) to by-products (such as furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural). A first-order reaction model confirmed a two-step reaction with the first step hydrolysis and the second step degradation. An energy balance calculation indicated that pre-treatment at 140°C required an energy input of 16.5 kJ/g VS, which could be significantly reduced to 5.1 kJ/g VS through efficient heat recovery. This research assists in understanding of the hydrolysis mechanism and provides a practical solution to produce grass-based sugars for further advanced biofuel and biorefinery applications.
Allelic variations of HMW-GS and LMW-GS and quality analysis in Yannong series wheat cultivars/derivative lines
Authors: Sun Nina , Mu Yanjun , Wang Dongmei , Li Jiatong , Yuan Tangyu , Liu Wei , Yu Ningning , Xu Xiaozhe , Li Linzhi , Jin Yuli , Ma Pengtao 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionGluten quality is one of the most important traits of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In Chinese wheat production, Yannong series cultivars/derivative lines possess unique characteristics and play an important role in both yield and quality contribution.MethodsTo dissect their genetic basis of the gluten quality, in this study, allelic variations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) in 30 Yannong series wheat cultivars/derivative lines and three check cultivars were evaluated using the allele-specific molecular markers, and six crucial quality indexes were also further measured and analyzed.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the frequencies of HMW-GSs By8, Dx5+Dy10 and Dx5+Dy10+Dy12 in these 30 genotypes and three check cultivars accounted for 87.9%, 24.2% and 9.1%, respectively. For the allelic variations of LMW-GSs, Glu-A3a, Glu-A3b, Glu-A3c, Glu-A3f, and Glu-A3g were identified in 18, 9, 13, 11, and 2 genotypes, respectively; Glu-B3d, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3f were identified in 13, 23 and 4 genotypes, respectively. Notably, Yannong 999, containing By8 + Dx5 + Dy10, and Jinan 17 containing By8 + Dy12 both meet the national standard for high-quality wheat and belong to the category of first-class high-quality strong gluten wheat.DiscussionThese findings can provide reference for wheat quality improvement and popularization in the production.
Use of Janus kinase inhibitors before and after European Medicines Agency safety recommendations: a retrospective study
Authors: Strunz Patrick-Pascal , Risser Linus Maximilian , Englbrecht Matthias , Witte Torsten , Froehlich Matthias , Schmalzing Marc , Gernert Michael , Hueper Sebastian , Bartz-Bazzanella Peter , von der Decken Cay , Karberg Kirsten , Gauler Georg , Späthling-Mestekemper Susanna , Kuhn Christoph , Vorbrüggen Wolfgang , Welcker Martin , Kleinert Stefan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundSafety recommendations for Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) issued by the European Medical Agency (EMA) in 2023 could potentially influence treatment patterns for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drugs, but little is known about the impact of these recommendations in routine clinical care.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the German RHADAR rheumatology database for adult patients with RA and documentation of a new therapy with a JAKi, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi), or interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor (IL-6Ri). Data were grouped into half-yearly intervals from quarter (Q)2/2020 to Q3/2023. The period from Q4/2022 to Q1/2023 immediately followed the initial EMA endorsement of Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) recommendations and Q2/2023-Q3/2023 immediately followed the direct healthcare provider communication (DHPC) containing the new safety JAKi recommendations.ResultsBetween April 1, 2020 and September 23, 2023, 3008 newly initiated therapies for TNFi (1499 [49.8%]), JAKi (1126 [37.4%]), and IL-6Ri (383 [12.7%]) were documented by the treating physicians. JAKi were increasingly used in the first two half-year periods (from 29.7% of these therapies in Q2/2020-Q3/2020 to 46.7% in Q2/2021-Q3/2021; odds ratio [OR] 2.08; p&lt;0.001). The proportion of initiated JAKi therapies decreased significantly after the PRAC recommendations (32.9%; OR vs peak 0.56; p=0.001) and the DHPC letter (26.1%; OR vs peak 0.40; p&lt;0.001). JAKi were more likely to be used as &gt;3rd-line therapy in later time periods.ConclusionsThis exploratory study suggests that EMA safety recommendations for JAKi influenced treatment patterns of RA patients who received JAKi in Germany. Additional studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
Predictive value analysis of the interaction network of Tks4 scaffold protein in colon cancer
Authors: Tilajka Álmos , Kurilla Anita , László Loretta , Lovrics Anna , Novák Julianna , Takács Tamás , Buday László , Vas Virag 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundColorectal carcinoma (CRC) has emerged as one of the most widespread cancers and was the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in 2020. The role of the podosomal protein Tks4 in tumor formation and progression is well established, including its involvement in gastric carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma; however, exploration of Tks4 and its associated EMT-regulating interactome in the context of colon cancer remains largely unexplored.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis to investigate the mRNA and protein expression levels of Tks4 and its associated partner molecules (CD2AP, GRB2, WASL, SRC, CTTN, and CAPZA1) across different tumor types. We quantified the expression levels of Tks4 and its partner molecules using qPCR, utilizing a TissueScan colon cancer array. We then validated the usefulness of Tks4 and its associated molecules as biomarkers via careful statistical analyses, including Pearson’s correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), multiple logistic regression, confusion matrix analysis, and ROC analysis.ResultsOur findings indicate that the co-expression patterns of the seven examined biomarker candidates better differentiate between tumor and normal samples compared with the expression levels of the individual genes. Moreover, variable importance analysis of these seven genes revealed four core genes that yield consistent results similar to the seven genes. Thus, these four core genes from the Tks4 interactome hold promise as potential combined biomarkers for colon adenocarcinoma diagnosis and prognosis.ConclusionOur proposed biomarker set from the Tks4 interactome shows promising sensitivity and specificity, aiding in colon cancer prevention and diagnosis.
Chronic subdural hematoma that may be caused by nephrotic syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xue Hang , Xue Kun , Wang Xiaohui , Xu Weidong , Zhang Weitao , Xia Guangwen 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common complication of neurosurgery. Craniocerebral trauma is the likely cause. There are no reports relating CSDH with nephrotic syndrome. Its pathogenesis is very rare, and there are no previous reports on treatments for this disease. We report a case of chronic subdural hematoma that may be caused by nephrotic syndrome and review the previous literature on this subject.Case summaryWe report a rare case of chronic subdural hematoma that may be caused by nephrotic syndrome. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, relevant laboratory tests were conducted, and a large amount of protein was detected in the patient’s urine, indicating hypoproteinaemia and hyperlipidemia. The patient was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. After the exclusion of related surgical contraindications, the patient underwent trepanation and drainage of the chronic subdural hematoma. Subsequent treatment with oral atorvastatin was provided after surgery. The patient was transferred to the nephrology department for further treatment of nephrotic syndrome if his neurological condition improved. No neurological sequelae were detected at the follow-up visit 3 months after the operation.ConclusionChronic subdural hematomas are rarely caused by nephrotic syndrome. Trepanation and drainage may be considered for patients confirmed to have adequate hematoma liquefaction on imaging and who can tolerate craniotomy. Atorvastatin should be supplemented as prophylactic treatment after the operation. Nephrotic syndrome should be treated as soon as the patient’s neurological condition is stable.
Development of an ic-CLEIA for precise detection of 3-CQA in herbs and patent medicines: ensuring quality control and therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Wu Longjiang , Dang Mei , Wu Rao , Isah Murtala Bindawa , Zhang Xiaoying 
Published: August 2024

Background3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), a member of the chlorogenic acid family, possesses diverse pharmacological properties, such as scavenging, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic activity, rendering substantial value to alimentary consumables and therapeutic substances. However, the pervasiveness of non-standard practices, notably the misuse and abuse of indigenous botanicals, coupled with the inherent susceptibility of 3-CQA to degradation under light and heat exposure, engenders discernible disparateness in the quality profiles of the same kinds of herbs. Consequently, precise quantification of 3-CQA becomes imperative.MethodsIn this context, an artificial antigen was synthesized as a specific conjugate of 3-CQA and bovine serum albumin (3-CQA-BSA), followed by the generation of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the conjugate. Through optimization, a mAb-based indirect competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (ic-CLEIA) was developed.ResultsIt demonstrated an IC50 and the calibration range of 2.97 ng/mL and 0.64–13.75 ng/mL, respectively, outperforming the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Notably, the ic-CLEIA displayed 10.71% cross-reactivity with 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, alongside minimal cross-reactivity toward other isomeric counterparts and analogs. Validation experiments on herbs and Chinese patent medicines using ic-CLEIA, confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, revealed a robust correlation coefficient of 0.9667 between the two modalities.ConclusionThese findings unequivocally demonstrated that the proposed ic-CLEIA represents a viable and reliable analytical method for 3-CQA determination. This method holds significant potential for ensuring the quality control and therapeutic efficacy germane to herbs and patent medicines, spanning diverse therapeutic milieus and applications.
Development of a prognostic nomogram for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients received radiotherapy based on clinical risk factors
Authors: Li Yang , Shao Xian , Dai Li-Juan , Yu Meng , Cong Meng-Di , Sun Jun-Yi , Pan Shuo , Shi Gao-Feng , Zhang An-Du , Liu Hui 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe goal of the study was to create a nomogram based on clinical risk factors to forecast the rate of locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent radiotherapy (RT).MethodsIn this study, 574 ESCC patients were selected as participants. Following radiotherapy, subjects were divided into training and validation groups at a 7:3 ratio. The nomogram was established in the training group using Cox regression. Performance validation was conducted in the validation group, assessing predictability through the C-index and AUC curve, calibration via the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, and evaluating clinical applicability using decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsT stage, N stage, gross tumor volume (GTV) dose, location, maximal wall thickness (MWT) after RT, node size (NS) after RT, Δ computer tomography (CT) value, and chemotherapy were found to be independent risk factors that impacted LRFS by multivariate cox analysis, and the findings could be utilized to create a nomogram and forecast LRFS. the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve and C-index show that for training and validation groups, the prediction result of LRFS using nomogram was more accurate than that of TNM. The LRFS in both groups was consistent with the nomogram according to the H-L test. The DCA curve demonstrated that the nomogram had a good prediction effect both in the groups for training and validation. The nomogram was used to assign ESCC patients to three risk levels: low, medium, or high. There were substantial variations in LRFS between risk categories in both the training and validation groups (p&lt;0.001, p=0.003).ConclusionsFor ESCC patients who received radiotherapy, the nomogram based on clinical risk factors could reliably predict the LRFS.
Prevalence, risk factors, psychological effects of children and adolescents with lower urinary tract symptoms: a large population-based study
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Wang Zhan , Zhou Zhaokai , Yang Shuai , Yang Jing , Wen Yibo , Zhang Yanping , Lv Lei , Hu Jinhua , Wang Qingwei , Lu Wei , Wen Jian Guo 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are clinically frequent and seriously affect the psychological and mental health of children and adolescents. However, most studies on LUTS and its influence on the psychological behavior and mental health have focused on adults. This study aimed to investigate LUTS prevalence and associated factors in children and adolescents and explore its impact on psychological behavior.Materials and methodsFrom October 2019 to November 2021, an epidemiological LUTS survey was carried out on 6,077 children aged 6–15 years old in 12 primary and secondary schools in China by using anonymous questionnaires.ResultsA total of 5,500 valid questionnaires were collected, and the total prevalence of four representative symptoms of LUTS: urgency, frequency, daytime urinary incontinence, and nocturnal enuresis was 19.46%, 14.55%, 9.75%, and 8.4%, respectively. The prevalence decreased with age, which decreased rapidly in children aged 6–12 years old. The incidence of LUTS in those who did not continue to use disposable diapers (DD) and began to perform elimination communication (EC) after the age of 1 was significantly higher than that of those who stopped using DD and started EC before 1 year of age (P &lt; 0.05). There were significant differences in the occurrence of LUTS without toiled training (TT) (P &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of LUTS in males was significantly higher than in females (P &lt; 0.05). LUTS in children and adolescents with constipation was significantly higher compared to those without constipation (P &lt; 0.05). The detection rate of abnormal psychological behavior in the LUTS group was 44.6%, which was significantly higher than that in the no LUTS group (21.4%, P &lt; 0.05). The scores of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer communication problems were significantly higher in the LUTS group than the control group.ConclusionsIn Mainland China, the prevalence of LUTS in children and adolescents is high. Continued use of DD after 1 year of age, history of urinary tract infection, lack of TT, and constipation were risk factors for LUTS. EC before 1 year of age is a protective factor for LUTS. The prevalence of psychological behavioral abnormalities is high in children and adolescents with LUTS, which needs to be more concerned.
The therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of ondansetron in the treatment of critical illness in the ICU
Authors: Tao Lili , Zhang Zhenhui , Li Chuang , Huang Minxuan , Chang Ping 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThere is accumulating evidence regarding the benefits of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron for the treatment of critical illness due to its potential anti-inflammatory effect. This study attempted to determine the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of ondansetron’s action against critical illnesses.MethodsA bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology was conducted to demonstrate screening targets and the signaling pathways of ondansetron action against the most common critical illnesses such as acute kidney injury (AKI), sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Experiments of LPS-stimulated rat neutrophils with ondansetron treatment were conducted to further validate the relevant hypothesis.ResultsA total of 198, 111, and 26 primary causal targets were identified from the data for the action of ondansetron against AKI, sepsis, and ARDS respectively. We found that the pathway of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation is statistically significantly involved in the action of ondansetron against these three critical illnesses. In the pathway of NETs formation, the common drug-disease intersection targets in these three critical illnesses were toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), mitogen-activated protein kinase-14 (MAPK14), nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NFKB1), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Considering these bioinformatics findings, we concluded that ondansetron anti-critical illness effects are mechanistically and pharmacologically implicated with suppression of neutrophils-associated inflammatory processes. It was also showed that after treatment of LPS-stimulated rat neutrophils with ondansetron, the key proteins NE, MPO, and Peptide Arginine Deaminase 4 (PAD4) in the NETs formation were significantly reduced, and the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and chemokine receptor (CXCR4) were also significantly decreased.ConclusionThe excessive formation of NETs may have important research value in the development and progression of critical illness. Ondansetron may reduce excessive inflammatory injury in critical diseases by reducing the formation of NETs via influencing the five targets: TLR8, NFKB1, MAPK14, NE, and MPO. Ondansetron and these primary predictive biotargets may potentially be used to treat critical illness in future clinical practice.
The role of the miR-30a-5p/BCL2L11 pathway in rosmarinic acid-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231-derived breast cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Yuefen , Huang Xiaomin , Li Dan , Lin Qi , Zhuang Hailin , Li Hong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundRosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic acid, exhibits promising anti-cancer properties. The abnormal expression of microRNA (miRNA) regulates the gene expression and plays a role as an oncogenic or tumor suppressor in TNBC. However, the biological role of RA in miR-30a-5p on BCL2L11 during MDA-MB-231 induced breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) progression and its regulatory mechanism have not been elucidated.ObjectiveTo investigate whether RA inhibited the silencing effect of miR-30a-5p on the BCL2L11 gene and promoted apoptosis in BCSCs.Materials and MethodsWe assessed the migration, colony formation, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of BCSCs after RA treatment using the wound-healing assay, colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of mRNA and protein levels of BCL-2, Bax, BCL2L11, and P53 genes in BCSCs after RA treatment was obtained by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Differential miRNA expression in BCSCs was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Targetscan was utilized to predict the targets of miR-30a-5p. The dual luciferase reporter system was used for validation of the miR-30a-5p target.ResultsWound-healing assay, colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle assay results showed that RA inhibited migration, colony formation and viability of BCSCs, and cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1 phase. At the highest dose of RA, we noticed cell atrophy, while the arrest rate at 100 μg/mL RA surpassed that at 200 μg/mL RA. Apoptotic cells appeared early (Membrane Associated Protein V FITC+, PI−) or late (Membrane Associated Protein V FITC+, PI+) upon administration of 200 μg/mL RA, Using high-throughput sequencing to compare the differences in miRNA expression, we detected downregulation of miR-30a-5p expression, and the results of dual luciferase reporter gene analysis indicated that BCL2L11 was a direct target of miR-30a-5p.ConclusionRA inhibited the silencing effect of miR-30a-5p on the BCL2L11 gene and enhanced apoptosis in BCSCs.