bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: More than a Frontostriatal Dysfunction
Authors: Galtier Iván , Nieto Antonieta , Lorenzo Jesús N. , Barroso José 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCognitive deficit in Parkinson’s disease has been traditionally considered as being mainly related to executive dysfunction secondary to frontostriatal affectation. However, this traditional consideration has recently been challenged. Forty-three nondemented PD patients (mean age = 59.19; SD = 9.64) and twenty control group subjects (mean age = 60.85; SD = 12.26) were studied. They were assessed on a wide range of cognitive functions. Patients showed motor slowing (p = .012), along with alterations in visuoperceptive (p = .001), visuospatial (p = .007) and visuoconstructive functions (p = .017), as well as in visual span (direct: p = .008; inverse: p = .037). Regarding executive functions, differences were not observed in classical measures for verbal fluency (phonetic: p = .28; semantic: p = .27) or in response inhibition (Stroop test: p = .30), while execution was altered in other prefrontal tasks (Wisconsin Test: p = .003; action fluency: p = .039). Patients showed altered performance in verbal learning processes (p = .005) and delayed memory (free: p = .032; cued: p = .006), visuospatial learning (p = .016) and linguistic functions (naming: p < .001; comprehension: p = .007). Poor performance in visuospatial memory is predicted by deficits in working memory and visuospatial perception. Taken together, the observed alterations not only suggest prefrontal affectation, but also temporal and parietal systems impairment. Thus, cognitive dysfunction in nondemented PD patients cannot be exclusively explained by frontostriatal circuit affectation and the resulting executive dysfunction.
Noncovalently assembled nanotubular porous layers for delaying of heating surface failure
Authors: Zhang Bong June , Hwang Taeseon , Nam Jae-Do , Suhr Jonghwan , Kim Kwang Jin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThermal management to prevent extreme heat surge in integrated electronic systems and nuclear reactors is a critical issue. To delay the thermal surge on the heater effectively, we report the benefit of a three dimensional nanotubular porous layer via noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds). To observe the contribution of individual noncovalent interactions in a porous network formation, pristine carbon nanotubes (PCNTs) and oxidatively functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) were compared. Hydrogen-bonded interwoven nanotubular porous layer showed approximately two times critical heat flux (CHF) increase compared to that of a plain surface. It is assumed that the hydrophilic group-tethered nanotubular porous wicks and enhanced fluidity are the main causes for promoting the CHF increase. Reinforced hydrophilicity assists liquid spreading and capillarity-induced liquid pumping, which are estimated by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Also, shear induced thermal conduction, thermal boundary reduction and rheology of nanoparticles could attribute to CHF enhancement phenomena.
Modulation of CD112 by the alphaherpesvirus gD protein suppresses DNAM-1–dependent NK cell-mediated lysis of infected cells
Authors: Grauwet Korneel , Cantoni Claudia , Parodi Monica , De Maria Andrea , Devriendt Bert , Pende Daniela , Moretta Lorenzo , Vitale Massimo , Favoreel Herman W. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Herpesviruses have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade elimination by key elements of the host immune system, allowing these pathogens to cause lifelong infections with periods of recurrent virus spread. Natural killer (NK) cells are central in the innate antiviral response. Here, we report that the gD glycoprotein of the alphaherpesviruses, pseudorabies virus and herpes simplex virus-2, displays previously uncharacterized immune evasion properties toward NK cells. Expression of the gD protein leads to degradation of CD112/nectin-2, a ligand for the NK-activating receptor DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1). This impairs binding of DNAM-1 to the cell surface, thereby suppressing NK-mediated killing of virus-infected (or gD-transfected) cells. Identification of this previously unidentified immune evasion mechanism may contribute to the design of improved herpesvirus vaccines and herpesvirus-based therapeutic vectors.
Comparative Study of C-arms for Intraoperative 3-dimensional Imaging and Navigation in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Part I
Authors: Klingler Jan-Helge , Sircar Ronen , Scheiwe Christian , Kogias Evangelos , Volz Florian , Krüger Marie T. , Hubbe Ulrich 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
This was a retrospective analysis.

Objective:
This study compares 2 different 3-dimensional (3D) C-arm devices for intraoperative imaging and navigation with regard to clinical applicability and image quality.

Summary of Background Data:
Minimally invasive spine surgery requires intraoperative imaging techniques to adequately visualize the unexposed spine. For this purpose, mobile 3D C-arms became available along with the evolution of intraoperative navigation techniques.

Methods:
The C-arm devices Siremobil Iso-C 3D (Siemens) and Vision FD Vario 3D (Ziehm) perform an automated orbital rotation around the patient acquiring a 3D image set out of multiple successive fluoroscopic images. We report on technical specifications of the C-arms and our daily experience regarding clinical applicability. Furthermore, 5 spine surgeons evaluated blinded triplanar planes of 40 cervical, thoracic, and lumbar 3D scans that were obtained during routine surgery regarding usability for navigation. We assessed the delineation of cortical bone, artifacts, and overall image quality using a 0–10 numeric rating scale.

Results:
The Siremobil Iso-C 3D requires 128 seconds for its 190-degree scanning arc with equidistant isocenter. The Vision FD Vario 3D performs an elliptical scanning arc and completes its 135-degree scan in 64 seconds; furthermore, it features a flat panel detector and fully digital imaging. The smaller dimensions of the Vision FD Vario 3D made it easier to maneuver in the operating room compared with the more bulky Siremobil Iso-C 3D. With respect to image quality in cervical 3D scans, the Siremobil Iso-C 3D reached significantly higher scores in all categories. The Vision FD Vario 3D revealed less artifacts in lumbar 3D scans.

Conclusions:
The Siremobil Iso-C 3D provides high-quality 3D scans in slender spine regions (eg, cervical spine), whereas the Vision FD Vario 3D appears to have advantages in the lumbar spine. Further evolution and novel devices are needed to optimize image quality and handling.
Promoter-Based Integration in Plant Defense Regulation
Authors: Li Baohua , Gaudinier Allison , Tang Michelle , Taylor-Teeples Mallorie , Nham Ngoc T. , Ghaffari Cyrus , Benson Darik Scott , Steinmann Margaret , Gray Jennifer A. , Brady Siobhan M. , Kliebenstein Daniel J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA key unanswered question in plant biology is how a plant regulates metabolism to maximize performance across an array of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. In this study, we addressed the potential breadth of transcriptional regulation that can alter accumulation of the defensive glucosinolate metabolites in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A systematic yeast one-hybrid study was used to identify hundreds of unique potential regulatory interactions with a nearly complete complement of 21 promoters for the aliphatic glucosinolate pathway. Conducting high-throughput phenotypic validation, we showed that &gt;75% of tested transcription factor (TF) mutants significantly altered the accumulation of the defensive glucosinolates. These glucosinolate phenotypes were conditional upon the environment and tissue type, suggesting that these TFs may allow the plant to tune its defenses to the local environment. Furthermore, the pattern of TF/promoter interactions could partially explain mutant phenotypes. This work shows that defense chemistry within Arabidopsis has a highly intricate transcriptional regulatory system that may allow for the optimization of defense metabolite accumulation across a broad array of environments.
Green Care: social entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector
Authors: Heike Johansen Pia 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a sector-based analysis of the drivers for social entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses qualitative data from two studies in the Danish region of Northern Jutland. The data include responses from 38 farmers who offered or had considered offering social services. The analytical framework is taken from a review of the limited literature on Green Care and Social Farming and social entrepreneurship theory.

Findings
– Strong and consistent tools for the categorisation of farmers’ social entrepreneurship have been developed. However, these tools have merely been used descriptively rather than to create proactive agriculture policies to facilitate social entrepreneurship. In Region Northern Jutland social entrepreneurship in farming is driven by a combination of tradition, close relationships and coincidence. It is ad hoc, with each initiative starting from scratch because no knowledge or experience has been gathered or distributed.

Research limitations/implications
– The agricultural sector-based approach to social entrepreneurship will not be discussed against other approaches to social entrepreneurship. This would be a suggestion for another more conceptual kind of article in the future.

Originality/value
– A study of social entrepreneurship among farmers has not yet been coupled with a sector-based analytical framework. This paper contributes to the literature of social entrepreneurship by supplementing with an agricultural sector-based approach.
Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y duodenojejunostomy for superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 6‐year‐old girl: A case report of a new minimally surgical technique for children
Authors: Sato Masahito , Hattori Kengo , Miyauchi Yuya 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present the first case report of laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y duodenojejunostomy utilizing minimally invasive surgery to treat superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a child. A 6‐year‐old girl presented with a 3‐year history of intermittent postprandial epigastric pain and anorexia. An upper gastrointestinal series revealed dilatation of the first and second parts of the duodenum and an abrupt vertical cut‐off at the third portion. Despite conservative treatment for 7 weeks, there was no resolution of her symptoms, so the decision was made to proceed with a laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y duodenojejunostomy. On follow‐up 9 months later, there had been no recurrence of her symptoms.
Genetic factors explain half of all variance in serum eosinophil cationic protein
Authors: Elmose C. , Sverrild A. , van der Sluis S. , Kyvik K. O. , Backer V. , Thomsen S. F. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundEosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is one of four basic proteins of the secretory granules of eosinophils. It has a variety of functions associated with inflammatory responses. Little is known about the causes for variation in serum ECP levels.AimTo identify factors associated with variation in serum ECP and to determine the relative proportion of the variation in ECP due to genetic and non‐genetic factors, in an adult twin sample.MethodsA sample of 575 twins, selected through a proband with self‐reported asthma, had serum ECP, lung function, airway responsiveness to methacholine, exhaled nitric oxide, and skin test reactivity, measured. Linear regression analysis and variance component models were used to study factors associated with variation in ECP and the relative genetic influence on ECP levels.ResultsSex (regression coefficient = −0.107, P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (0.007, P = 0.028), and airway responsiveness to methacholine (0.074, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with ECP. Adjusted for these factors, ECP correlated 0.53 (P < 0.001) and 0.27 (P = 0.001) in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively (P‐value for difference = 0.05). According to the most parsimonious variance component model, genetic factors accounted for 57% (CI: 42–72%, P < 0.001) of the variance in ECP levels, whereas the remainder (43%) was ascribable to non‐shared environmental factors. The genetic correlation between ECP and airway responsiveness to methacholine was statistically non‐significant (r = −0.11, P = 0.50).ConclusionAround half of all variance in serum ECP is explained by genetic factors. Serum ECP is influenced by sex, BMI, and airway responsiveness. Serum ECP and airway responsiveness seem not to share genetic variance.
Askin's tumour in pregnancy with dismal prognosis
Authors: Sidhu Kiranjit , Kashyap Surender , Negi R. S. , Solanki Anjali 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAskin's tumour is a rare malignant neoplasm of the chest wall. A 23‐year‐old primigravida patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of chest wall swelling, cough and dyspnoea. Radiological examination showed a chest wall mass in right hemithorax with erosion of ribs and moderate pleural effusion. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of malignant small round cell tumour. Immunohistochemical analysis together with the clinical and radiological findings led to the definitive diagnosis of Askin's tumour. Despite receiving multimodality therapy, she had residual soft tissue mass and died after 6 months. Rarity of this malignancy during pregnancy renders the case unique.
Cytokeratin 20 expression in basaloid follicular hamartoma and infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Honarpisheh Hedieh , Glusac Earl J. , Ko Christine J. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundTumors with similar or identical histopathologic features have been termed basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) or infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC typically lacks immunoreactivity with cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and pleckstrin homology‐like domain, family A, member 1 protein (PHLDA1).AimA series of BFH and infundibulocystic BCC were investigated to determine the pattern of CK20 and PHLDA1 labeling in these lesions.Materials and methodsThirty‐six samples of BFH (n = 14) and infundibulocystic BCC (n = 22) were collected. CK20 and PHLDA1 staining was performed and evaluated.ResultsAll the lesions were small (average of 3 mm), well circumscribed, and composed of basaloid to squamoid cells arranged in islands resembling ramifying rootlets with interspersed horn cysts. CK20‐positive cells were present in all 36 cases (average, 22/mm2), throughout the tumor, including deeper portions, irrespective of original diagnosis. Six of thirty cases (20%; 5 infundibulocystic BCC, 1 BFH) were focally PHLDA1 positive.ConclusionsFindings on hematoxylin and eosin staining and those of CK20 staining in BFH and infundibulocystic BCC were similar, and in most cases were indistinguishable. The CK20 labeling was similar to that of trichoepithelioma. The findings add a degree of support to the argument that BFH and infundibulocystic BCC represent the same lesion and, further, a benign one.
Scope of Negative Integration: A Comparative Analysis of Post, Public Transport and Port Services
Authors: Leiren Merethe Dotterud 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere is extensive literature that explains how liberalization policy deepens and widens. In the literature of European integration such reform is commonly considered to be the result of a bias towards liberalization in the treaties, thereby giving the European Commission and the European Court of Justice wide‐ranging leverage to enforce such reform. However, such approaches have been criticized for being de‐politicized – for failing to understand the conflicts inherent in controversial policies. It is therefore of interest to explore the scope conditions of this constitutional bias assumption in areas where liberalization policy is disputed. This article analyzes the EU decision‐making processes across the postal, public transport and port service sectors, highlighting three key conditions, in addition to the treaties' legal foundation. These are: the organization of public services; mobilization by large interests, such as trade unions; and how willing the European Commission is to give in to concessional demands.
The immune microenvironment in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Jabbour M.N. , Issa G. , Charafeddine K. , Simaan Y. , Karam M. , Khalifeh H. , Habib R. , Khalifeh I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis is an infection that has spread to non‐endemic regions, stimulating recent interest for the enhanced understanding of this disease. Downregulation of the CD1a receptor on Langerhans cells has been described in various cutaneous infections.ObjectiveIn this study, the immune response across different Ridley patterns and parasitic indices is outlined in a case series of cutaneous leishmaniasis.MethodsSkin punch biopsies from the interface of normal and lesional cutaneous leishmaniasis were collected from 33 patients with molecularly confirmed Leishmania tropica or L. major infection. Ridley patterns (2–5) were assessed for various clinicopathological features including age, gender, disease duration, parasitic index and constituents of the inflammatory infiltrate. CD1a, CD68, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD138 stains were performed on normal skin tissue, cutaneous leishmaniasis biopsies and cytospin/cell block cytology preparations of cultured leishmania promastigotes. CD1a was quantified per mm² in the epidermis and dermis. The remaining stains were graded according to a 4‐tiered grading system [0 (0–4%); 1 (5–24%); 2 (25–49%); 3 (50–74%) and 4 (75–100%).ResultsTotal CD1a expression significantly decreased (14‐fold) from parasitic indices (0–2) to (5–6); (ρ < 0.001). CD1a expression in the epidermis was at least 5‐fold lower than normal skin (58 vs. 400 cells/mm²), inversely correlating with the parasitic index. There was an increase in dermal CD1a Langerhans cells (33 vs. 0 cells/mm² in the dermis). CD1a and CD68 staining of amastigotes was strong and diffuse, whereas promastigotes were negative. The major inflammatory infiltrate, in all Ridley patterns, consisted of macrophages and double‐negative CD3+CD4−CD8− T lymphocytes. The double‐negative CD3 T cells formed a ring around the parasitic laden macrophages. Apart from CD1a, there was no significant difference in inflammatory markers between the various Ridley patterns and parasitic indices. Disease duration did not correlate with Ridley pattern.ConclusionThe significant decrease in CD1a expression is postulated by two mechanisms; either via direct CD1a receptor uptake by leishmania amastigotes and/or negative feedback inhibition of CD1a Langerhans cells by double‐negative CD3 T‐regulatory cells. Modulation of the immune microenvironment in cutaneous leishmaniasis represents a potential therapeutic and prophylactic target.
Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection for Refractory Somatic Tinnitus
Authors: McCormick Zachary L. , Walega David R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSomatic tinnitus is a common disorder, yet few treatments described in the literature have demonstrated strong efficacy. We report a case of a 61‐year‐old male with refractory somatic tinnitus, temporally related to a prior bacterial otitis media, wherein auditory symptoms were successfully treated with cervical epidural injections of long‐acting corticosteroid. We discuss the proposed mechanism of somatic tinnitus and the means by which neuraxial steroids may inhibit somatic tinnitus symptoms.
Reliability of Corticomotor Excitability in Leg and Thigh Musculature at 14 and 28 Days
Authors: Luc Brittney A. , Lepley Adam S. , Tevald Michael A. , Gribble Phillip A. , White Donald B. , Pietrosimone Brian G. 
Published: October 2014

Context:Alterations in corticomotor excitability are observed in a variety of patient populations, including the musculature surrounding the knee and ankle after joint injury. Active motor threshold (AMT) and motor-evoked-potential (MEP) amplitudes elicited through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are outcome measures used to assess corticomotor excitability and have been deemed reliable in upper-extremity musculature. However, there are few studies assessing the reliability of TMS measures in lower-extremity musculature.Objective:To determine the intersession reliability of AMT and MEP amplitudes over 14 and 28 d in the quadriceps and fibularis longus (FL).Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:University laboratoryParticipants:20 able-bodied volunteers (10 men, 10 women; 22.35 ± 2.3 y, 1.71 ± 0.11 m, 73.61 ± 16.77 kg).Main Outcome Measures:AMT and MEP amplitudes were evaluated at 95%, 100%, 105%, 110%, 120%, 130%, and 140% of AMT in the dominant and nondominant quadriceps and FL. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess reliability for absolute agreement and internal consistency between baseline and 2 follow-up sessions at 14 and 28 d postbaseline. Each ICC was fit with the best-fit straight line or parabola to smooth out noise in the observations and best determine if a pattern existed in determining the most reliable MEP value.Results:All muscles yielded strong ICCs between baseline and both time points for AMT. MEPs in both the quadriceps and FL produced varying degrees of reliability, with the greatest reliability demonstrated on day 28 at 130% and 140% of AMT in the quadriceps and FL, respectively. The dominant FL muscle showed a significant pattern; as TMS intensity increased, MEP reliability increased.Conclusion:TMS can be used to reliably identify corticomotor alterations after therapeutic interventions, as well as monitor disease progression.