bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience From Field Life Extension
Authors: Tveit Egil , Sivertsen Håkon , Hernæs Sigurd 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
As the offshore industry is maturing we see an increased ability to find and produce more oil from established fields and their surrounding areas. The challenge for the operator and the suppliers is to find ways of safely and economically extracting this upside. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience gained while working on these challenges and to summarise the main challenges with respect to cost, technical and safety, and to provide an overview of our experience from extending the life of the existing subsea equipment beyond the original design brief. This includes obsolescence, changing operating condition, availability of documentation and risk mitigating actions such as condition monitoring. The paper also discusses the technical innovations that allow us to solve or bypass the limitations of the existing facilities, including subsea separation and boosting as well as condition and performance monitoring. The paper also touches on the economics of late life investment for extending the field life and comments on the diminishing returns the longer the investment is delayed.
Key Aspects of Deepwater Appraisal
Authors: Reid David , Wilson Thomas , Dekker Martijn 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Projects in the global deepwater environment are increasingly complex, costly and often face significant schedule pressures to reach both a "commitment to develop" decision and "first oil/gas milestone". Typical industry deepwater project costs ranges from USD$1 billion for a small scale subsea tie-back to upward of USD$10 billion for a custom design standalone hub class development. Therefore ensuring that the appraisal campaign addresses the data acquisition required to reduce both key subsurface, and key development uncertainties as well as enable a robust development decision is critical. The appraisal phase of the project (post discovery) is the most important early phase in the development cycle which sets the stage for the remainder of the concept selection, detailed design, execution and production phases of the development.
This paper explores and discusses, with the use of relevant examples, the key aspects of appraisal planning and execution specifically related to reducing uncertainties and determining the ultimate development scope for deepwater oil and gas development projects. The paper does not attempt to expand on building understanding or managing the non-technical aspects of early phase deepwater project management which can have an equally significant role in shaping the ultimate deepwater development project.
Applications Of Detailed Velocity Field Studies From High Resolution Seismic (HRS) Data
Authors: Stennett I. A. , Wakefield N. D. , Games K. P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Seismic processing of HRS data has advanced rapidly over recent years. It has become fairly standard to consider such processes as pre-stack time and depth migration, SRME demultiple and AVO studies using near, mid and far traces. Less common has been the use of detailed velocity field analysis to tackle specific interpretation problems, especially in the very shallow sub-seabed data, which can prove difficult to resolve using single channel or conventional exploration seismic data.
This paper outlines the theory behind this technique, which allows for very fine detail to be analysed due to the higher resolution of these data compared with conventional exploration data, and presents two case studies showing the type of problems that have been solved by its use.
The first problem was one of identifying a layer of weathered chalk just below seabed which could not be identified from the character of the seismic data alone. This was successfully accomplished by a combination of the velocity studies with the assistance of borehole data for ground truthing. The second was to produce an accurate velocity model of a shallow channel feature which was producing a push down effect on all the deeper data, affecting both the HRS and the 3D datasets, and which could not be removed by the 3D processing. The resulting model was able to remove the push down effect and be effectively applied to both the 2D and 3D data.
The successful application of detailed velocity field studies to HRS data has great potential covering a variety of problems which may not be able to be resolved in any other way.
New Kinetic Model to Characterize the Filter Cake Formation and Fluid Loss in HPHT Process
Authors: Vipulanandan C. , Raheem A. , Basirat B. , Mohammed A. S. , Richardson D. A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Drilling muds are used in oil, gas, and geothermal well drilling, and fluid loss and filter cake formation are critical issues related to successful operations. Also, the filter cake formation and fluid loss are affected by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) in the borehole. Rate and total fluid loss from drilling mud can affect the performance of the drilling mud and well safety. Hence, it is critical to quantify not only the rate of fluid loss process but also the changes in the filter cake formation during the fluid loss process. Past studies have assumed that the permeability and solid fraction in the filter cake remained unchanged during the formation of the cake and the fluid loss was directly propositional to the square-root of time (API Model).
In the experimental part of this study, fluid loss tests were performed for 420 minutes on 2 percent and 8 percent bentonite drilling muds at 100 psig pressure and 100°C temperature. A new kinetic hyperbolic model was developed based on satisfying the basic governing conditions during fluid loss and assuming that the permeability and solid content during the filter cake formation changes with time, temperature and pressure. The new kinetic model was verified with results from various HPHT fluid loss studies reported in the literature and HPHT experiments performed during this study. The new kinetic model prediction was also compared to the API model, and it predicted both short-term (up to 30 minutes) and longterm fluid losses very well. Hence, the new kinetic model can be used to better model the filter cake formation and filter loss in real time as functions of changes in permeability and solid content in the filter cake.
A review of the systemic adverse effects of areca nut or betel nut
Authors: Garg Apurva , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Gupta Prakash C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAreca nut is widely consumed by all ages groups in many parts of the world, especially south-east Asia. The objective of this review is to systematically review and collate all the published data that are related to the systemic effects of areca nut. The literature search was performed by an electronic search of the Pubmed and Cochrane databases using keywords and included articles published till October 2012. We selected studies that covered the effect of areca nut on metabolism, and a total of 62 studies met the criteria. There is substantial evidence for carcinogenicity of areca nut in cancers of the mouth and esophagus. Areca nut affects almost all organs of the human body, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and reproductive organs. It causes or aggravates pre-existing conditions such as neuronal injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, asthma, central obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, etc. Areca nut affects the endocrine system, leading to hypothyroidism, prostate hyperplasia and infertility. It affects the immune system leading to suppression of T-cell activity and decreased release of cytokines. It has harmful effects on the fetus when used during pregnancy. Thus, areca nut is not a harmless substance as often perceived and proclaimed by the manufacturers of areca nut products such as Pan Masala, Supari Mix, Betel quid, etc. There is an urgent need to recognize areca nut as a harmful food substance by the policy makers and prohibit its glamorization as a mouth freshener. Strict laws are necessary to regulate the production of commercial preparations of areca nut.
Carboplatin hypersensitivity in relapsed ovarian carcinoma: A therapeutic challenge
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Bhosale Bharat , Pandita Vimal , Singh Ashish , Ghosh Joydeep , Ghosh Jaya , Bajpai Jyoti 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCarboplatin and paclitaxel as doublet are the standard therapeutic option for advanced stage ovarian carcinoma in the first line as well as relapse. Carboplatin with its better toxicity profile has replaced cisplatin as the first line drug. However, increase in incidence of carboplatin hypersensitivity is alarming. Severity of carboplatin hypersensitivity varies from a mild rash to life-threatening reactions. With an increase in the number of cycles the risk of hypersensitivity reactions increase, which jeopardizes the use of this highly effective drug in a significant proportion of patients. Prompt diagnosis and rapid therapeutic rescue are the key in severe life-threatening reactions. Managing patients with carboplatin hypersensitivity and planning subsequent therapy is thus a therapeutic challenge.
Clinicohematological correlation and chromosomal breakage analysis in suspected Fanconi anemia patients of India
Authors: Chowdhry Mohit , Makroo Raj Nath , Srivastava Priyanka , Kumar Manoj , Sharma Sonika , Bhadauria Preeti , Mahajan Amita 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction: The management of patients with aplastic anemia, to an extent, depends on the etiology i.e., inherited or acquired. The classical Chromosomal breakage study involves detection of chromosomal breakage or aberrations (breaks, gaps, rearrangements, radials, exchanges, endoreduplications) in peripheral blood cells after culture with a T-cell mitogen and a DNA clastogenic (cross-linking) agent, such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin C (MMC). The testing needs to be performed in laboratory with appropriate expertise in Fanconi Anemia testing. The present study was undertaken to find out the frequency of inherited aplastic anemia in North India. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Molecular Biology and Transplant Immunology, Indraprastha Apollo hospital, New Delhi. The study includes retrospective analysis of 528 aplastic anemia patients whose samples were tested at our department for Chromosomal breakage study during the period 2007 to 2011. Respective age and sex matched healthy controls were also processed for chromosomal breakage study. Patient′s habitat, clinical symptoms, differential blood count and history of drug exposure were documented for all patients referred to us, whereever available. Relative risk was estimated by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in matched cases and controls. Conclusion: A significant increase in chromosomal breakages was seen in 13.1% patients. The survival data documented for 100 patients suggested 60% mortality.
Incidence of BCR-ABL transcript variants in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: Their correlation with presenting features, risk scores and response to treatment with imatinib mesylate
Authors: Deb Pratik , Chakrabarti Prantar , Chakrabarty Shila , Aich Rajarshi , Nath Uttam , Ray Siddhartha Sankar , Chaudhuri Utpal 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Context: The exact role of the different transcript variants of BCR-ABL in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and their impact on prognosis is yet to be definitely enumerated. Aims: In this study, we have tried to correlate the presenting features, risk scores and treatment response with the BCR-ABL variants detected in our patients. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional unicentric hospital-based study on 80 patients diagnosed to have CML by bone marrow cytogenetics and confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: RT-PCR for BCR-ABL was performed on consecutive patients with CML attending the CML clinic from January 2010 to December 2010.The medical charts of these patients were analyzed after a follow-up of 18 months in a retrospective manner. Statistical Analysis: Box plot and histogram was used to see the distribution of variables. t-test was performed to enumerate the difference between risk scores in two populations of patients carrying two different BCR-ABL transcript variants. Results: Nearly 56.25% of patients had b3a2 (e14a2) while 41.25% of patients showed b2a2 (e13a2) transcripts. The rest 2.5% (two patients) expressed the rare e19b2 variant. Patients with b2a2 presented with higher Sokal, Hasford and European Treatment and Outcomes Study score than their b3a2 counterpart. Different parameters such as the platelet count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin and splenomegaly showed a minor difference between the groups. More patients in the b2a2 group achieved complete hematologic response at 3 months, but it was not significant. Conclusions: Patients with b2a2 variant CML tend to present with higher risk score, but do not behave in a vastly different manner than their b3a2 counterparts.
Correlation of oral health of children with acute leukemia during the induction phase
Authors: Dholam Kanchan P. , Gurav Sandeep , Dugad Jinesh , Banavli Shripad 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background: Treatment of acute leukemia′s- a common childhood malignancy, involves intensive and powerful multi-drug chemotherapeutic regime. Oral lesions are a common complication in these patients affecting oral health status. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate and assess the oral health status of newly diagnosed leukemic pediatric patients during induction phase and its correlation to outcome of induction therapy. Material Methods: Oral examinations was done in 33 children between the age group of 5-15 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myloblastic leukemia (AML), who were undergoing chemotherapy. Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified, (OHI-S) decayed missing filled teeth index (def/DMFT), Loe and Sillness index for gingiva, and complete blood count at first and fourth week of induction phase were recorded for each patient. The changes in the oral health status were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: During an induction phase it was observed that level of OHI-S (P = 0.002), Loe and Sillness index (P = 0.003), def/DMFT index (P = 0.076), platelet count (P = 0.00) increased significantly and no significant difference was noted in hemoglobin (P = 0.4) and total leucocytes count (P = 0.11). Conclusion: It was observed that, although oral health status had significantly worsened, the induction outcome was not affected.
A prospective study on the attitude of post graduates in general pediatrics toward pediatric oncology subspeciality as a career
Authors: Thirugnanasambandam Ram Prakash , Latha Magatha Sneha , Moorthy Aravind , Kannan Lakshminarayanan , Paramasivam Venkataraman , Scott Julius Xavier 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objectives: The health care scenario in India is experiencing an increase in the number of children affected with cancer and the number of pediatric oncologists available to treat these children are few and the awareness of childhood cancer is decimally low. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of post-graduate students of general pediatrics towards childhood cancer and to assess their interest in pursuing pediatric oncology as a specialty in their carrier. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 188 post-graduates hailing from various Medical colleges all over South India who were attending a 2 day workshop at Chennai. The survey was a 10 point questionnaire pertaining to their previous training, competence, interest toward the field of hematooncology. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.V software. Results: Among the post-graduates, 74.7% of them reported that they did not have a pediatric oncology unit in their institution. 63.3% reported that they never been posted in pediatric oncology clinical postings before. 62% were not interested in pursuing pediatric oncology as a sub-specialty at all. 45.3% felt that pediatric oncology was too depressing to take as a specialty. 46.7% felt that late diagnosis and referral was the main factor which contributed to the failure of effective treatment of childhood cancers. 52.7% had never attended a class on pediatric oncology. 61.3% felt that they did not have sufficient knowledge to suspect and refer a child with cancer. 92% felt that there was a need to improve pediatric oncology teaching in their curriculum. 56.7% felt that the best way to imprint awareness on childhood malignancies was to improve pediatric oncology teaching in their medical curriculum. Conclusion: The results show that majority of post-graduates in pediatrics were not interested in pursuing pediatric oncology as a sub-specialty. The main reasons may be lack of specialized Pediatric oncology units in the majority of the medical institutions, lack of opportunity of these post-graduates to attend clinical postings and theory classes. They thus lack sufficient information in this field and hence do not want to take up a career in pediatric oncology.
A rare case of translocation (12;22) (p13;Q) in Ewing′s sarcoma
Authors: Jahan S.K. Kousar , Mayanna Mangala Gowri , Kavitha B.L. , Patil Akkamahadevi , Kumari Prasanna 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCytogenetic or immunohistochemical studies are often required to differentiate Ewing′s sarcoma (ES) from other small round cell tumors. Herein we report a case of 13-year-old boy who presented with a large presacral lesion. Hemogram and biochemical parameters were normal except lactate dehydrogenase showing value of 96.40/IU/L, magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a large mass in presacral lesion (8 cm × 7 cm × 9 cm), with destruction of the sacrum (S2 S3 and S4) with interspinal extension. Bone scan showed multiple pelvic bone lesions, radiograph of chest, ultrasound of abdomen, pelvis and electrocardiogram were within normal limits. Bone marrow was not involved. Cells from the fine needle aspirate were cultured for short term using RPMI medium and karyotype obtained showed a t(12;22)(p12;q12) instead of the classic t(11;22). Diagnosis of ES was also confirmed by studies using immunohistochemistry for MIC2 which was positive, synaptophysin was inconclusive and leukocyte common antigen, desmin negative. This case provides evidence of the importance of chromosome 22, in the etiology of the disease.
Cryptosporidiosis causing severe persistent diarrhea in a patient with multiple myeloma: A Case report and brief review of literature
Authors: Tandon Nidhi , Gupta Sudeep 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is a protozoal infection that leads to self-limited diarrheal disease in immunocompetent individuals and a more severe illness in immunocompromised patients especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Although patients with hematolymphoid malignancies can develop this infection, it is an uncommon cause of diarrhea in these patients. The patient was a 64-year-old woman, a known case of multiple myeloma for 17 years, who had been treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy earlier. She was being treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for active myeloma at the time of this episode. She presented with profuse watery diarrhea of 15 days duration that was proven to be due to Cryptosporidium parvum on stool examination. The diarrheal illness resolved after treatment with nitazoxanide. Although uncommon, cryptosporidial infection should be suspected in patients with hematological malignancies who have persistent diarrhea. Stool examination with the modified acid-fast Kenyoun stain establishes the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Antiparasitic treatment is effective in controlling the infection.
Metastatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor responding to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Arun Indu , Sen Saugata , Mishra Lopamudra 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPerivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are a family of rare mesenchymal tumors composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. Female genital tract and retroperitoneum are common sites of origin of PEComa-not otherwise specified. Diagnosis depends upon characteristic morphology and immunohistochemistry findings. Prognosis of unresectable or metastatic disease is poor. Responses to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition are encouraging but mostly short-lived. We report a case of metastatic PEComa who responded to mTOR inhibition, albeit for a short duration. We also review the existing literature on mTOR inhibitors in PEComa.
Antiretroviral treatment response of HIV‐infected children after prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission in West Africa
Authors: Ndondoki Camille , Dicko Fatoumata , Coffie Patrick Ahuatchi , Eboua Tanoh Kassi , Ekouevi Didier Koumavi , Kouadio Kouakou , Aka Addi Edmond , Malateste Karen , Dabis François , Amani‐Bosse Clarisse , Toure Pety , Leroy Valériane ,   for the Paediatric IeDEA West African Working Group
Published: June 2014

IntroductionWe assessed the rate of treatment failure of HIV‐infected children after 12 months on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the Paediatric IeDEA West African Collaboration according to their perinatal exposure to antiretroviral drugs for preventing mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT).MethodsA retrospective cohort study in children younger than five years at ART initiation between 2004 and 2009 was nested within the pWADA cohort, in Bamako‐Mali and Abidjan‐Côte d’Ivoire. Data on PMTCT exposure were collected through a direct review of children’s medical records. The 12‐month Kaplan‐Meier survival without treatment failure (clinical or immunological) was estimated and their baseline factors studied using a Cox model analysis. Clinical failure was defined as the appearance or reappearance of WHO clinical stage 3 or 4 events or any death occurring within the first 12 months of ART. Immunological failure was defined according to the 2006 World Health Organization age‐related immunological thresholds for severe immunodeficiency.ResultsAmong the 1035 eligible children, PMTCT exposure was only documented for 353 children (34.1%) and remained unknown for 682 (65.9%). Among children with a documented PMTCT exposure, 73 (20.7%) were PMTCT exposed, of whom 61.0% were initiated on a protease inhibitor‐based regimen, and 280 (79.3%) were PMTCT unexposed. At 12 months on ART, the survival without treatment failure was 40.6% in the PMTCT‐exposed group, 25.2% in the unexposed group and 18.5% in the children with unknown exposure status (p=0.002). In univariate analysis, treatment failure was significantly higher in children unexposed (HR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–1.9) and with unknown PMTCT exposure (HR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1) rather than children PMTCT‐exposed (p=0.01). In the adjusted analysis, treatment failure was not significantly associated with PMTCT exposure (p=0.15) but was associated with immunodeficiency (aHR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.4–1.9; p=0.001), AIDS clinical events (aHR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–1.9; p=0.02) at ART initiation and receiving care in Mali compared to Côte d’Ivoire (aHR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0–1.4; p=0.04).ConclusionsDespite a low data quality, PMTCT‐exposed West African children did not have a poorer 12‐month response to ART than others. Immunodeficiency and AIDS events at ART initiation remain the main predictors associated with treatment failure in this operational context.
Putnam’s inequality for p-hyponormal n-tuples
Authors: CHŌ MUNEO , HURUYA TADASI 
Published: July 2002

Dedicated to the memory of Professor Katsutoshi TakahashiIn this paper, we introduce p-hyponormal tuples in the sense of D. Xia. Furthermore we extend Putnam’s inequality to these tuples and show an equivalence relation of two spectra.