bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collateral damage to the ureter and Nitinol stone baskets during thulium fiber laser lithotripsy
Authors: Wilson Christopher R. , Hardy Luke A. , Irby Pierce B. , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe experimental Thulium fiber laser (TFL) is currently being studied as a potential alternative lithotripter to the clinical gold standard Holmium:YAG laser. Safety studies characterizing undesirable Holmium:YAG laser‐induced damage to ureter tissue and stone baskets have been previously reported. Similarly, this study characterizes TFL induced ureter and stone basket damage.MethodsA TFL beam with energy of 35 mJ per pulse, pulse duration of 500 µs, and variable pulse rates of 50–500 Hz, was delivered through 100‐µm‐core optical fibers, to either porcine ureter wall, in vitro, or a standard 1.9‐Fr Nitinol stone basket wire. Ureter perforation times were measured and gross, histological, and optical coherence tomography images of the ablation area were acquired. Stone basket damage was graded as a function of pulse rate, number of pulses, and working distance.ResultsTFL operation at 150, 300, and 500 Hz produced mean ureter perforation times of 7.9, 3.8, and 1.8 seconds, respectively. Collateral damage widths averaged 510, 370, and 310 µm. Nitinol wire damage decreased with working distance and was non‐existent at distances greater than 1.0 mm. In contact mode, 500 pulses delivered at pulse rates ≥300 Hz (≤1.5 seconds) were sufficient to cut Nitinol wires.ConclusionsThe TFL, operated in low pulse energy and high pulse rate mode, may provide a greater safety margin than the standard Holmium:YAG laser for lithotripsy, as evidenced by longer TFL ureter perforation times and shorter non‐contact working distances for stone basket damage than previously reported with Holmium:YAG laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:403–410, 2015. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:???–???, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Σ‐algebraically compact modules and ‐compact cardinals
Authors: Šaroch Jan 
Published: April 2015

We prove that the property characterizes Σ‐algebraically compact modules if is not ω‐measurable. Moreover, under a large cardinal assumption, we show that over any ring R where is not ω‐measurable, any free module M of ω‐measurable rank satisfies , hence the assumption on cannot be dropped in general (e.g., over small non‐right perfect rings). In this way, we extend results from a recent paper by Simion Breaz .
Accelerated and motion‐robust in vivo T2 mapping from radially undersampled data using bloch‐simulation‐based iterative reconstruction
Authors: Ben‐Eliezer Noam , Sodickson Daniel K. , Shepherd Timothy , Wiggins Graham C. , Block Kai Tobias 
Published: April 2015

PurposeDevelopment of a quantitative transverse relaxation time (T2)‐mapping platform that operates at clinically feasible timescales by employing advanced image reconstruction of radially undersampled multi spin‐echo (MSE) datasets.MethodsData was acquired on phantom and in vivo at 3 Tesla using MSE protocols employing radial k‐space sampling trajectories. In order to overcome the nontrivial spin evolution associated with MSE protocols, a numerical signal model was precalculated based on Bloch simulations of the actual pulse‐sequence scheme used in the acquisition process. This signal model was subsequently incorporated into an iterative model‐based image reconstruction process, producing T2 and proton‐density maps.ResultsT2 maps of phantom and in vivo brain were successfully constructed, closely matching values produced by a single spin‐echo reference scan. High‐resolution mapping was also performed for the spinal cord in vivo, differentiating the underlying gray/white matter morphology.ConclusionThe presented MSE data‐processing framework offers reliable mapping of T2 relaxation values in a ∼5‐minute timescale, free of user‐ and scanner‐dependent variations. The use of radial k‐space sampling provides further advantages in the form of high immunity to irregular physiological motion, as well as enhanced spatial resolutions, owing to its inherent ability to perform alias‐free limited field‐of‐view imaging. Magn Reson Med 75:1346–1354, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of reactive oxygen species generated in vivo
Authors: Togashi Hitoshi , Aoyama Masaaki , Oikawa Kazuo 
Published: April 2015

PurposeWe sought to image the biodistribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the living body using an in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging system using a spin probe, 1‐acetoxy‐3‐carbamoyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrroline (ACP) that produces ESR‐detectable nitroxide upon reaction with ROS.MethodsAcute hepatic injury was induced in mice by priming with heat‐killed Corynebacterium parvum followed by injection of a low dose of lipopolysaccharide. ACP was administered intravenously and an in vivo ESR imaging system was used to visualize hepatic oxidative stress.ResultsIn this immune‐mediated hepatic injury model, significant oxidative stress was evident at 3 h after lipopolysaccharide administration before the onset of massive hepatic injury. ACP was administered intravenously at 3 h after lipopolysaccharide injection when significant hepatic oxidative stress had been observed, and the ESR imaging system detected a high signal for 3‐carbamoyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine (carbamoyl‐PROXYL), which had originated from the ACP‐derived hydroxylamine and produced large amount of ROS within the living body. Using the ESR imaging system with ACP, we were able to visualize ROS in the abdomen before onset of hepatic injury.ConclusionWe have succeeded in visualizing ROS within the body before onset of organ damage, representing a significant development in imaging for toxic molecules. Magn Reson Med 75:1375–1379, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical application of IUGA/ICS classification system for mesh erosion
Authors: Batalden Rebecca Posthuma , Weinstein Milena M. , Foust‐Wright Caroline , Alperin Marianna , Wakamatsu May M. , Pulliam Samantha J. 
Published: April 2015

AimsOur aim was to assess the usability of the IUGA/ICS classification system for mesh erosion in a tertiary clinical practice and to determine if assigned classification is associated with patient symptoms, treatment, and outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively identified women who had mesh erosion after prolapse or incontinence surgery. Each erosion was classified using the IUGA/ICS category time site (CTS) system. Associations between classification and presenting symptom (asymptomatic, pain, bleeding, voiding, or defecatory dysfunction, infection, prolapse), treatment type, and outcome were evaluated with chi‐squared test, student's t‐test, and univariate logistic regression.ResultsWe identified 74 subjects with mesh erosion; only 70% were classifiable. Asymptomatic patients (n = 19) (Category A) were more likely to be managed conservatively (P = 0.001). Symptomatic patients (n = 55) (Category B) were more likely to be managed surgically (P = 0.003). Other variables had no association with treatment. No variables were associated with outcome. Presenting symptom was associated with both treatment (P = 0.005) and outcome (P = 0.03). Asymptomatic subjects were more likely to have satisfactory outcome (P = 0.03). Urinary frequency and urgency were highly correlated with surgical management (P = 0.02).ConclusionsOne third of mesh erosions could not be retrospectively coded using the IUGA/ICS classification. The components of the system were not predictive of treatment nor outcome with exception of the Category A (asymptomatic) and Category B (symptomatic). Asymptomatic women with mesh erosion can be successfully managed with conservative measures. Use of a classification system may be enhanced if the system is simplified by limiting the number of variables to those associated with interventions and patient outcome. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:589–594, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semiquantitative analysis of hypothalamic damage on MRI predicts risk for hypothalamic obesity
Authors: Roth Christian L. , Eslamy Hedieh , Werny David , Elfers Clinton , Shaffer Michele L. , Pihoker Catherine , Ojemann Jeffrey , Dobyns William B. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveExcessive weight gain frequently occurs in patients with hypothalamic tumors and lesions leading to hypothalamic obesity (HO).MethodsDigital brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical outcomes were studied retrospectively in a single center, including 45 children with postoperative lesions in the sellar region (41 craniopharyngiomas, 4 with Rathke's cleft cysts), ∼5 years post‐surgery, mean age 13.9 years. Four standard sections covering hypothalamic areas critical to energy homeostasis were used to assess lesions and calculate a hypothalamic lesion score (HLS); the association with HO was examined.ResultsCompared to subjects who did not develop HO (n = 23), subjects with HO (n = 22) showed more frequently lesions affecting the third ventricular floor, mammillary bodies, and anterior, medial (all P < 0.05), and most importantly posterior hypothalamus (P < 0.01). The HLS correlated significantly with BMI z‐score changes 12 and 30 months post‐surgery, even after adjusting for potential confounders of gender, age at surgery, surgery date, surgery BMI z‐score, hydrocephalus, and residual hypothalamic tumor (r = 0.34, P = 0.03; r = 0.40, P = 0.02, respectively). Diabetes insipidus was found to be an endocrine marker for HO risk.ConclusionsThe extent of damage following surgery in the sellar region can be assessed by MRI using a novel scoring system for early HO risk assessment.
Overview of Current and Alternative Therapies for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Tran Tran H. , J. Hughes Gregory , Greenfeld Chuck , Pham Jacqueline T. 
Published: April 2015

Membranous nephropathy is one of the leading causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults, which is characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, and proteinuria. Determination of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) disease progression risk is important for guiding initial therapy, with immunosuppressive therapy being reserved for high‐risk patients. Because IMN may spontaneously remit in approximately 30% of patients, it is important to carefully select which patients should begin immunosuppressive therapy so as to maximize clinical benefit while limiting toxicity. An observation period of at least 6 months with conservative management that includes the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers is recommended. Initial treatment in high‐risk IMN is a 6‐month course of alternating steroids and alkylating agents. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) represent an alternative first‐line therapeutic option for high‐risk patients who refuse treatment with steroid or alkylating agent therapy or for whom these treatments are contraindicated. Additional options are essential for patients with IMN who fail to adequately respond to initial therapies or who cannot use recommended therapies due to contraindications or intolerance, risks associated with repetitive dosing with alkylating agents, or potential exacerbation of impaired renal function with CNIs. While evidence for the use of alternative therapies in IMN is modest at best, our review summarizes the available literature for rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, adrenocorticotropic hormone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and azathioprine. Rituximab has generally demonstrated beneficial outcomes with limited toxicity. Evidence supports a role for mycophenolate mofetil, although the evidence is of low quality and limited duration. Results from ongoing studies are required before adrenocorticotropic hormone can be recommended as therapy for treatment‐resistant patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin and azathioprine are unlikely to have a role in IMN. With the advent of new tools and biomarkers measuring disease activity combined with new data regarding possible treatment options, the management and prognosis of IMN are likely to improve.
Capacity of Physiotherapy Workforce Production in Thailand: Public–Private Mix, Secular Trend and Geographic Distribution
Authors: Kaewsawang Sarinee , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi , Vongsirinavarat Mantana 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn Thailand, the shortage of physiotherapists has been an increasing concern because of increased health burden from demographic and epidemiologic changes. This study aims to analyse the current situation of the physiotherapy workforce production system, secular trend, geographical distribution and comparison of public and private physiotherapy training institutes.MethodsLongitudinal data related to production capacity of the physiotherapy institutes were applied. Data from 2008 to 2012 were obtained from all 16 physiotherapy institutes in Thailand. Data during 2000–2007 were also retrieved from annual reports from the Ministry of Education. Descriptive statistics were initially used. Comparison was made between public and private physiotherapy institutes in terms of the number of students admitted and graduated, number of teachers, annual tuition fee, student–teacher ratio and dropout rate within 1 year. Predictive factors for graduation within 4 years were determined using logistic regression.ResultsIn Thailand, there was an average of 800 physiotherapy graduates per year. New private institutes have been recently established and have steadily increased student admission rates. However, this has resulted in a high student–teacher ratio (median 7.1, inter‐quartile range (IQR) 5.9–10.0). The first‐year dropout rate in 2012 was 29.1%. Geographically, the majority of the institutes are clustered in the central region. Multivariate analysis revealed significantly lower probability of graduation within 4 years among students admitted to the private institutes and those in non‐north‐east region.ConclusionThe production capacity of the physiotherapy workforce is below an estimated need. Private physiotherapy institutes need more support to improve the situation of staff shortages and student graduation rates. The non‐central regions should be encouraged to produce more physiotherapists. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controllable thermal expansion of large magnitude in chiral negative Poisson's ratio lattices
Authors: Ha Chan Soo , Hestekin Eric , Li Jianheng , Plesha Michael E. , Lakes Roderic S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLattices of controlled thermal expansion are presented based on planar chiral lattice structure with Poisson's ratio approaching . Thermal expansion values can be arbitrarily large positive or negative. A lattice was fabricated from bimetallic strips and the properties analyzed and studied experimentally. The effective thermal expansion coefficient of the lattice is about K. This is much larger in magnitude than that of constituent metals. Nodes were observed to rotate as temperature was changed corresponding to a Cosserat thermoelastic solid.
Applying software process modeling to improve customer support processes
Authors: Raninen Anu , Merikoski Helena , Ahonen Jarmo J. , Beecham Sarah 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe quality of an organization's support services can be key to maintaining and extending its customer base and to its future survival. As such, support services need to be considered in software process improvement initiatives and not left as an afterthought or stand‐alone effort. However, to identify areas in need of improvement requires a good understanding of the current process. To meet this need, we have developed a process modeling technique called LAPPI that documents current ‘as‐is’ processes.This study explores whether the LAPPI can identify opportunities for improvement in the customer service process. LAPPI is applied, step by step, in a small‐to‐medium‐sized enterprise. Results are validated through an analysis of customer satisfaction questionnaires administered before and after our LAPPI intervention. Applying the LAPPI highlighted several problems with the customer support service, which was subsequently streamlined. The validation shows an improvement in customer satisfaction in several areas, with significant improvement in customer response times and in customer query resolution.Software development organizations can use LAPPI to highlight where improvements are needed in support services. This study shows that making best use of support resources and ensuring customers receive prompt and clear help throughout the product's lifetime can improve an organization's image and future prosperity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charting Our Path With a Web Literacy Map
Authors: Dalton Bridget 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBeing a literacy teacher today means being a teacher of Web literacies. This article features the “Web Literacy Map”, an open source tool from Mozilla's Webmaker project. The map focuses on Exploring (Navigating the Web); Building (creating for the Web), and Connecting (Participating on the Web). Readers are invited to use resources, provide feedback on the map, and become a member of the literacy map community.
Self‐Expanding Metallic Stents Versus Surgical Intervention as Palliative Therapy for Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Takahashi Hidena , Okabayashi Koji , Tsuruta Masashi , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Yahagi Masashi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough self‐expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are useful tools for relieving large bowel obstructions in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), their efficacy in a palliative setting has not been validated. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the feasibility of SEMS as a palliation for unresectable CRC patients with bowel obstructions and to determine their contribution to the prognosis of CRC, compared with surgical intervention.
MethodsWe conducted a literature search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. We selected all controlled trials that compared SEMS with surgical interventions as palliative treatments in unresectable obstructive CRC patients. The primary outcome was early complications, and the secondary outcomes were mortality, other morbidities, and long‐term survival rates.
ResultsTen studies met our inclusion criteria. SEMS significantly reduced the risk of early complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.34; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.20–0.58 %; P < 0.01), mortality (OR 0.31; 95 % CI 0.15 %–0.64 %; P < 0.01), and stoma creation (OR 0.19; 95 % CI 0.12–0.28 %; P < 0.01). Although SEMS placement was significantly associated with a higher risk of perforation of the large bowel (OR 5.25 95 % CI 2.00–13.78 %; P < 0.01) and late complications (OR 1.94; 95 % CI 0.90–4.19 %; P = 0.03), it also contributed significantly to better long‐term survival (hazard ratio 0.46; 95 % CI 0.31–0.68 %; P < 0.01).ConclusionsCompared with surgical intervention, SEMS could provide feasible palliation for patients with bowel obstructions and unresectable CRC, because of their acceptable morbidity rates and better patient prognoses.
The Tight Adaptation at Pancreatic Anastomosis Without Parenchymal Laceration: An Institutional Experience in Introducing and Modifying the New Procedure
Authors: Oda Tatsuya , Hashimoto Shinji , Miyamoto Ryoichi , Shimomura Osamu , Fukunaga Kiyoshi , Kohno Keisuke , Ohshiro Yukio , Akashi Yoshimasa , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground
Among the types of pancreatic anastomosis used after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), Blumgart type reconstruction has rapidly been distributed for its theoretical reasonableness, including secure tight adaptation of jejunal wall and pancreatic parenchyma without cause of parenchymal laceration. The clinical appropriateness of our modified Blumgart method was demonstrated by comparing to that of Kakita method.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 156 patients underwent elective open PD, reconstructed former 78 patients with the Kakita method, utilizing a full‐thickness penetrating suture for tight stump adhesion. The later 78 patients were treated with the modified Blumgart method, which involved clamping the pancreatic parenchymal stump by the jejunal seromuscular layers with horizontal mattress‐type penetration sutures. Evaluated variables were the rate of pancreatic fistula (PF) and the length of postoperative hospital stay (POHS).ResultsThe rate of ISGPF grade B + C PF was 29/78 (37.2 %) in the Kakita group and 16/78 (20.5 %) in the Blumgart group (P = 0.033). The median POHS for the Kakita group was 23 days, whereas that for the Blumgart group was 16 days (P < 0.001), one of the shortest value among Japanese high‐volume centers. There was no perioperative intensive hemorrhage or deaths in either group.ConclusionA unique concept of Blumgart pancreatic anastomosis, i.e., utilizing the jejunum as an interstitial cushion to prevent pancreatic laceration at the knot site, has become realistic through a simple “one step” modification. This technique, also providing flexible handling space at main pancreatic duct anastomosis, should contribute to the improved PF prevention and shortening the POHS.
The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to PTSD, Depression, Poly‐Drug Use and Suicide Attempt in Reservation‐Based Native American Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Brockie Teresa N. , Dana-Sacco Gail , Wallen Gwenyth R. , Wilcox Holly C. , Campbell Jacquelyn C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous risk behaviors and mental health outcomes among youth. This study examines the relationship between the number of types of exposures to ACEs and risk behaviors and mental health outcomes among reservation‐based Native Americans. In 2011, data were collected from Native American (N = 288; 15–24 years of age) tribal members from a remote plains reservation using an anonymous web‐based questionnaire. We analyzed the relationship between six ACEs, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, physical and emotional neglect, witness to intimate partner violence, for those <18 years, and included historical loss associated symptoms, and perceived discrimination for those <19 years; and four risk behavior/mental health outcomes: post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression symptoms, poly‐drug use, and suicide attempt. Seventy‐eight percent of the sample reported at least one ACE and 40 % reported at least two. The cumulative impact of the ACEs were significant (p < .001) for the four outcomes with each additional ACE increasing the odds of suicide attempt (37 %), poly‐drug use (51 %), PTSD symptoms (55 %), and depression symptoms (57 %). To address these findings culturally appropriate childhood and adolescent interventions for reservation‐based populations must be developed, tested and evaluated longitudinally.
Sensory and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Cold Press‐Produced Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Seed Oils
Authors: Yilmaz Emin , Aydeniz Buket , Güneşer Onur , Arsunar Emel Sevgi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, roasted and unroasted (control) tomato seeds were cold pressed and the seeds, oils, and seed presscakes (meals) were analyzed. Some physicochemical properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, thermal properties, mineral contents, fatty acids, sterols and tocopherols compositions, volatile compounds and sensory evaluation of the tomato seed oils were determined. The tomato seeds contained 3.3 % of ash, 17.3 % of oil and 27.2 % of protein. The cold press oil recovery rate was 7.2 and 10.28 % for control and roasted seeds, respectively. There were eight sensory terms defining the oils together with 34 different aromatic compounds quantified. The volatile compounds furfural, hexanal, benzaldehyde and 2‐isobutylthiazole were found with the highest frequency in the samples. Roasted, green and tomato were defined as characteristic sensory terms for tomato seeds oils. Fifteen different minerals, melting and crystallization temperatures and enthalpies of the oil samples were also quantified. This study provides important data for the tomato seed oils, and proves that pre‐roasted tomato seed oils are high quality, nutritious and aromatics oils with higher levels of consumer acceptability.