bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: center-of-mass recoil effects
Authors: Biondini S. , Brambilla N. , Qerimi G. , Vairo A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For non-relativistic thermal dark matter, close-to-threshold effects largely dominate the evolution of the number density for most of the times after thermal freeze-out, and hence affect the cosmological relic density. A precise evaluation of the relevant interaction rates in a thermal medium representing the early universe includes accounting for the relative motion of the dark matter particles and the thermal medium. We consider a model of dark fermions interacting with a plasma of dark gauge bosons, which is equivalent to thermal QED. The temperature is taken to be smaller than the dark fermion mass and the inverse of the typical size of the dark fermion-antifermion bound states, which allows for the use of non-relativistic effective field theories. For the annihilation cross section, bound-state formation cross section, bound-state dissociation width and bound-state transition width of dark matter fermion-antifermion pairs, we compute the leading recoil effects in the reference frame of both the plasma and the center-of-mass of the fermion-antifermion pair. We explicitly verify the Lorentz transformations among these quantities. We evaluate the impact of the recoil corrections on the dark matter energy density. Our results can be directly applied to account for the relative motion of quarkonia in the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy-ion collisions. They may be also used to precisely assess thermal effects in atomic clocks based on atomic transitions; the present work provides a first field theory derivation of time dilation for these processes in vacuum and in a medium.
Regional Language Speech Recognition from Bone Conducted Speech Signals Through CCWT Algorithm
Authors: Putta Venkata Subbaiah , Priyadharson A. Selwin Mich 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpeech enhancement, or SE, is a method of converting an input speech signal into a target signal with improved quality of voice and readability. To hear the voice, the skeleton bone vibrates ultra smooth thanks to bone conduction. The benefits of Bone-Conducted Microphone (BCM) speech include noise reduction and enhanced communication quality in high-noise environments. To acquire signals and precisely model word phonemes, BCM relies on the placement of bones. Certain computer techniques are expensive and ineffective in simulating signal phonemes. Three wavelet transform techniques are presented in this work: complex continuous wavelet transforms (CCWT), steady wavelet transforms (SWT), and discrete wavelet transforms (DWT). The right ramp, the voice box, and the mastoid were the three distinct bony locations for which the speech intelligibility of the BCM signal was evaluated. The listener evaluated the comprehension of the speech after obtaining the BCM signal for Tamil words. Speech quality is enhanced by the location of the larynx bone in comparison to alternative calculation methods.
Mechanisms of microbial co-aggregation in mixed anaerobic cultures
Authors: Doloman Anna , Sousa Diana Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCo-aggregation of anaerobic microorganisms into suspended microbial biofilms (aggregates) serves ecological and biotechnological functions. Tightly packed aggregates of metabolically interdependent bacteria and archaea play key roles in cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Additionally, in biotechnological applications, such as wastewater treatment, microbial aggregates provide a complete metabolic network to convert complex organic material. Currently, experimental data explaining the mechanisms behind microbial co-aggregation in anoxic environments is scarce and scattered across the literature. To what extent does this process resemble co-aggregation in aerobic environments? Does the limited availability of terminal electron acceptors drive mutualistic microbial relationships, contrary to the commensal relationships observed in oxygen-rich environments? And do co-aggregating bacteria and archaea, which depend on each other to harvest the bare minimum Gibbs energy from energy-poor substrates, use similar cellular mechanisms as those used by pathogenic bacteria that form biofilms? Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of why and how mixed anaerobic microbial communities co-aggregate and discuss potential future scientific advancements that could improve the study of anaerobic suspended aggregates.Key points• Metabolic dependency promotes aggregation of anaerobic bacteria and archaea• Flagella, pili, and adhesins play a role in the formation of anaerobic aggregates• Cyclic di-GMP/AMP signaling may trigger the polysaccharides production in anaerobes
Classification of variant portal vein anatomy based on three-dimensional CT: surgical implications
Authors: Liu Zheyu , Shen Tianni , Xia Kexin , He Junye , Rui Tianhao , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purposes
The purpose of this study was to develop a new and more comprehensive classification system for portal vein (PV) variations using three-dimensional visualization and evaluation (3DVE) and to discuss the prevalence rates and clinical implications of the variants.

Methods
The anatomies of PVs were tracked and analyzed by using three-dimensional visualization of CT images acquired between 2013 and 2022. Scans from 200 adults were evaluated and a total of 178 patients (N = 178) were included in the study. The new classification system, named BLB classification, was developed based on the level of the absent PV branch in each variant anatomy.

Results
Using the BLB classification system, PVs were divided into thirteen subtypes. Only 82.6–84.8% of the portal veins of the 178 patients were depicted in Atri’s, Cheng’s or Covey’s classification, compared with 100% identified by the BLB classification. The BLB classification was validated against external data sets from previous studies, with 97.0-98.9% of patients classified by the BLB system.

Conclusion
Variant PV anatomies are more commonly seen based on 3DVE than in previous reports. The BLB classification covers almost all portal vein variants and may be used for planning liver surgery.
Retroperitoneum revisited: a review of radiological literature and updated concept of retroperitoneal fascial anatomy with imaging features and correlating anatomy
Authors: Boekestijn B. , Wasser M. N.J.M. , Mieog J. S.D. , DeRuiter M. C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Spread of disease in the retroperitoneum is dictated by the complex anatomy of retroperitoneal fasciae and is still incompletely understood. Conflicting reports have led to insufficient and incorrect anatomical concepts in radiological literature.

Methods
This review will discuss previous concepts prevalent in radiological literature and their shortcomings will be highlighted. New insights from recent anatomical and embryological research, together with imaging examples, will be used to clarify patterns of disease spread in the retroperitoneum that remain unexplained by these concepts.

Results
The fusion fascia and the renal fascia in particular give rise to planes and spaces that act as vectors for spread of disease in the retroperitoneum. Some of these planes and structures, such as the caudal extension of the renal fascia, have previously not been described in radiological literature.

Conclusion
New insights, including the various fasciae, potential spaces and planes, are incorporated into an updated combined retroperitoneal fascial concept.
Bone marrow cells contribute to seven different endothelial cell populations in the heart
Authors: Shabani Parisa , Ohanyan Vahagn , Alghadeer Ammar , Gavazzi Daniel , Dong Feng , Yin Liya , Kolz Christopher , Shockling Lindsay , Enrick Molly , Zhang Ping , Shi Xin , Chilian William 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying vascular regeneration in the heart is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for myocardial ischemia. This study investigates the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to endothelial cell populations in the heart, and their role in cardiac function and coronary circulation following repetitive ischemia (RI). Chimeric rats were created by transplanting BM cells from GFP female rats into irradiated male recipients. After engraftment chimeras were subjected to RI for 17 days. Vascular growth was assessed from recovery of cardiac function and increases in myocardial blood flow during LAD occlusion. After sorting GFP+ BM cells from heart and bone of Control and RI rats, single-cell RNA sequencing was implemented to determine the fate of BM cells. Our in vivo RI model demonstrated an improvement in cardiac function and myocardial blood flow after 17 days of RI with increased capillary density in the rats subjected to RI compared to Controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing of bone marrow cells isolated from rats' hearts identified distinct endothelial cell (EC) subpopulations. These ECs exhibited heterogeneous gene expression profiles and were enriched for markers of capillary, artery, lymphatic, venous, and immune ECs. Furthermore, BM-derived ECs in the RI group showed an angiogenic profile, characterized by upregulated genes associated with blood vessel development and angiogenesis. This study elucidates the heterogeneity of bone marrow-derived endothelial cells in the heart and their response to repetitive ischemia, laying the groundwork for targeting specific subpopulations for therapeutic angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
Advanced techniques for automated emotion recognition in dogs from video data through deep learning
Authors: Franzoni Valentina , Biondi Giulio , Milani Alfredo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInter-species emotional relationships, particularly the symbiotic interaction between humans and dogs, are complex and intriguing. Humans and dogs share fundamental mammalian neural mechanisms including mirror neurons, crucial to empathy and social behavior. Mirror neurons are activated during the execution and observation of actions, indicating inherent connections in social dynamics across species despite variations in emotional expression. This study explores the feasibility of using deep-learning Artificial Intelligence systems to accurately recognize canine emotions in general environments, to assist individuals without specialized knowledge or skills in discerning dog behavior, particularly related to aggression or friendliness. Starting with identifying key challenges in classifying pleasant and unpleasant emotions in dogs, we tested advanced deep-learning techniques and aggregated results to distinguish potentially dangerous human--dog interactions. Knowledge transfer is used to fine-tune different networks, and results are compared on original and transformed sets of frames from the Dog Clips dataset to investigate whether DogFACS action codes detailing relevant dog movements can aid the emotion recognition task. Elaborating on challenges and biases, we emphasize the need for bias mitigation to optimize performance, including different image preprocessing strategies for noise mitigation in dog recognition (i.e., face bounding boxes, segmentation of the face or body, isolating the dog on a white background, blurring the original background). Systematic experimental results demonstrate the system’s capability to accurately detect emotions and effectively identify dangerous situations or signs of discomfort in the presence of humans.
On the optimality and decay of p-Hardy weights on graphs
Authors: Fischer Florian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe construct optimal Hardy weights to subcritical energy functionals h associated with quasilinear Schrödinger operators on infinite graphs. Here, optimality means that the weight w is the largest possible with respect to a partial ordering, and that the corresponding shifted energy functional $$h-w$$

h
-
w

is null-critical. Moreover, we show a decay condition of Hardy weights in terms of their integrability with respect to certain integral weights. As an application of the decay condition, we show that null-criticality implies optimality near infinity. We also briefly discuss an uncertainty-type principle, a Rellich-type inequality and examples.
A Liouville theorem for elliptic equations with a potential on infinite graphs
Authors: Biagi Stefano , Meglioli Giulia , Punzo Fabio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate the validity of the Liouville property for a class of elliptic equations with a potential, posed on infinite graphs. Under suitable assumptions on the graph and on the potential, we prove that the unique bounded solution is $$u\equiv 0$$

u
≡
0

. We also show that on a special class of graphs the condition on the potential is optimal, in the sense that if it fails, then there exist infinitely many bounded solutions.
Parametric Analysis of Borehole Breakout and Spalling Phenomena: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Xiang Zizhuo , Oh Joung , Si Guangyao , Canbulat Ismet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigated borehole breakout and spalling phenomena through true-triaxial experiments conducted on cubic Gosford sandstone and yellow mudstone specimens. The experiments were carried out based on the custom-developed borehole breakout testing system, which could enable the pre-stressed (PS) tests (applying stresses onto intact specimens and then drilling). In comparison to the pre-drilled (PD) tests (applying stresses onto specimens with pre-drilled boreholes), the PS tests consistently resulted in wider and deeper breakouts under the same far-field stresses in both rock types, which are attributed to the impacts of excavation-unloading and removal of rock debris. The results from 36 PS tests indicated that the breakout and spalling extent are affected by all three principal stresses, and the impact of each stress was also quantitively assessed and compared. Moreover, analysis of experimental data from this study and the literature revealed that a unique correlation between breakout angle and normalised breakout depth could not be obtained, suggesting deriving two principal stress components from two breakout geometries should be viable. Furthermore, empirical correlations based on the maximum tangential stress (σmax) and out-of-plane stress were developed to characterise the breakout geometries, which outperformed those previous relations based solely on σmax across all datasets. This suggests that while the breakout and spalling phenomena are primarily controlled by σmax, a more accurate representation of failure extent can be achieved by considering the out-of-plane stress.
Phylogenetic relationships and divergence time of Hydrangea sect. Macrophyllae (Hydrangeaceae) revealed by genome-wide SNPs
Authors: Murakami Shoki , Ito Takuro , Uemachi Tatsuya , Fujii Shinji , Matsuo Ayumi , Suyama Yoshihisa , Maki Masayuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrangea sect. Macrophyllae comprises deciduous shrubs including two species with seven infraspecific taxa distributed throughout the Japanese Archipelago and adjacent areas. In this study, we revealed a phylogeny of Hydrangea sect. Macrophyllae by using a larger dataset of genome-wide SNPs than those employed in a previous study and by adding more comprehensive taxa/populations, which cover the entire distribution of the section. We then revised the taxonomic treatment of sect. Macrophyllae based on the higher-resolution phylogenetic trees obtained in this study. The phylogenetic trees estimated in this study showed five major clades, suggesting that H. serrata var. minamitanii and var. yesoensis should be treated as independent species from other H. serrata, that H. serrata var. australis and var. yakushimensis could be subclassified under the major clades and that var. angustata could be a synonym of var. serrata. The divergence time of these major clades was estimated to be in the Pleistocene.
Comparative life cycle assessment of sequential chemical and electrochemical processes for the treatment of industrial textile wastewater
Authors: Salazar-Sogamoso Luis Miguel , Gómez-García Miguel-Ángel , Dobrosz-Gómez Izabela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFenton-based processes, chemical and electrochemical, have attracted the interest of industrial and academic researchers for wastewater treatment. However, the deficiency of rigorous comparison between different methods, including assessment of their impact on the environment, has hindered their large-scale application. This study reports for the first time on the sustainability of raw textile wastewater treatment through two sequential processes, Coagulation-Flocculation-Fenton-Neutralization (CF-F-N) and Coagulation-Flocculation-Electro-Fenton-Neutralization (CF-EF-N), based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The CF-F-N and CF-EF-N were optimized at laboratory scale and compared through LCA, using the IPCC-2013 and ReCiPe-2016 midpoint and endpoint methods. The highest CO2emissions relied on the wastewater primary treatment by CF. This due to the high amount of hazardous sludge generated and the technology necessary for its disposal (i.e., 16.89 kg CO2-Eq/FU for underground deposit in security cells or 47.52 kg CO2-Eq/FU for incineration) as well as the consumption of reagents required for the treatment (alum, 7.72 kg CO2-Eq/FU; and slaked lime, 5.56 kg CO2-Eq/FU). Regarding the sequential processes, the EF-N presented lower carbon footprint (CFP) than the F-N (14.74 kg CO2-Eq/FU vs. 20.74 kg CO2-Eq/FU). Electricity (87.02% of the total CFP) and reagents (88.63% of the total CFP) denoted the main environmental hotspot during the EF-N and F-N, respectively. The EF-N, compared to the F-N, had an inferior incidence in 14 of the 18 impact categories analyzed using the ReCiPe-2016 method at the midpoint level. This is the result of low consumption of reagents and auxiliary chemicals. The electricity was also found as main environmental hotspot of the EF-N. The ReCiPe-2016 method at the endpoint level showed that the EF-N resulted in lower environmental load in all impact categories. The economic performance (11.91 USD/m3for CF-EF-N vs. 13.66 USD/m3for CF-F-N) and LCA demonstrated the competitiveness of the electrochemical sequential process compared to the chemical one. The CF-EF-N can be considered more environmentally sustainable technology.
Relationship between nailfold capillaroscopy findings and the etiology and prognosis of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Acemoğlu Şerife Şeyda Zengin , Türk İpek , Deniz Pelin Pınar , Aşık Mehmet Ali , Arslan Didem , Hanta İsmail , Ünal İlker 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Connective tissue-associated interstitial lung diseases (CTD-ILD) are believed to be caused by microvascular damage. The objective of this study was to assess the nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) pattern in patients diagnosed with both CTD-ILD and non-CTD-ILD to identify microvascular changes and determine the relation between capillaroscopic parameters, clinical variables, and disease-related measurements.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study included 95 patients with interstitial lung disease who applied to our Rheumatology and Chest Clinics between September 2021 and July 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on their diagnosis: non-CTD-ILD (group 1) and CTD-ILD (group 2). Nailfold capillaroscopy was performed.

Results
Ninety-five patients, 49 (51% female, mean age 62.31 ± 11.027 years) in group 1 and 46 (69.6% female, mean age 62.09 ± 10.887 years) in group 2, were included in the study. Abnormal capillary morphologies were both detected in the CTD-ILD group and the non-CTD-ILD groups. In patients with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on chest computed tomography (CT), tortuosity was higher than in patients with non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (P = 0.041), and the proportion of tortuosity increased significantly as the duration of the disease increased (P = 0.016).

Conclusion
Our study highlights capillaroscopic abnormalities alone may not be sufficient to differentiate CTD-ILD (other than systemic sclerosis) from non-CTD-ILD. The presence of NFC abnormalities in non-CTD-ILD may suggest that fibrotic lung disease could potentially play a role in the deterioration of the microvascular structure or abnormal angiogenesis. Our study demonstrated that a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating clinical, morphological, pathological, and serological evaluations, is necessary for interpreting ILD.

Key Points• Capillaroscopic abnormalities can also be seen in non-CTD-ILD.• Capillaroscopy findings do not distinguish the non-Ssc etiology of ILD.• Nailfold capillaroscopy may have the potential to serve as a useful tool in predicting prognosis and monitoring the disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
A comprehensive study on modern optimization techniques for engineering applications
Authors: Selvarajan Shitharth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapid industrialization has fueled the need for effective optimization solutions, which has led to the widespread use of meta-heuristic algorithms. Among the repertoire of over 600, over 300 new methodologies have been developed in the last ten years. This increase highlights the need for a sophisticated grasp of these novel methods. The use of biological and natural phenomena to inform meta-heuristic optimization strategies has seen a paradigm shift in recent years. The observed trend indicates an increasing acknowledgement of the effectiveness of bio-inspired methodologies in tackling intricate engineering problems, providing solutions that exhibit rapid convergence rates and unmatched fitness scores. This study thoroughly examines the latest advancements in bio-inspired optimisation techniques. This work investigates each method’s unique characteristics, optimization properties, and operational paradigms to determine how revolutionary these approaches could be for problem-solving paradigms. Additionally, extensive comparative analyses against conventional benchmarks, such as metrics such as search history, trajectory plots, and fitness functions, are conducted to elucidate the superiority of these new approaches. Our findings demonstrate the revolutionary potential of bio-inspired optimizers and provide new directions for future research to refine and expand upon these intriguing methodologies. Our survey could be a lighthouse, guiding scientists towards innovative solutions rooted in various natural mechanisms.