bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coltiviruses
Authors: Guirakhoo Farshad , Guirakhoo Susanne M , Monath Thomas P 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Coltivirus (‘Colti’ from Colorado tick fever (CTF)) (family
Reoviridae
) is a genus of viruses that consist of 12 segments of
double‐stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA)
. CTF is the most important tick‐borne human pathogen occurring in the mountain forest habitats at altitudes from 4000 to 10 000 ft in the Rocky Mountain region of the USA. Human infections are caused by the bite of Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)‐infected adult ticks, mainly
Dermacentor
spp., with a 90% occurrence rate during the months of April to July. First described by Becker in 1930, at least 22 strains of CTFV are known, many of which cause disease in humans. The disease is easily confused with other infections, and is extensively underreported. The European Eyach virus, isolated in Germany and France, is the second species in the genus Coltivirus. Salmon River virus is considered a tentative species.

Key Concepts:

CTFV is the most important tick‐borne human pathogen in the USA, especially in the Rocky Mountain region.

Coltiviruses are considered ‘emerging infections’ owing to their high frequency in RNA segment reassortments, both in tissue cultures and in tick vectors.

Clinical features of CTFV infections in humans are consistent with pathological changes observed in animals.

There is no specific treatment for human coltivirus infections. Antiviral agents, ribavirin and 3‐deazauridine significantly inhibit the growth of CTFV
in vitro
and ribavirin administered to mice intraperitoneally protected them against intracerebral challenge with CTFV.

Coltivirus particles are nonenveloped, approximately 80 nm in diameter and consist of two capsid layers, with icosahedral symmetry, that appear smooth.

Each virion contains a full‐length copy of 12 segments of linear, double‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA.

Coltiviruses are sensitive to low pH and anionic detergents, such as sodium deoxycholate, both of which abolish virus infectivity.

Mycoreoviruses recently isolated from fungi may be used to reduce virulence of fungi as biocontrol agents.

Seadornaviruses may not be correctly classified within the genus Coltivirus mainly due to low amino acid similarity differences in their invertebrate vectors and their geographical distributions.

There is an evolutionary link between the 11‐segmented aquareoviruses and the 12‐segmented coltiviruses.
Plant Virus Movement
Authors: Tilsner Jens , Taliansky Michael E , Torrance Lesley 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Plant virus movement is the process of the spread of virus genetic material from the initially infected cells to the rest of the plant. There are several distinct stages including intracellular movement from sites of virus replication to plasmodesmata (PD) (plant‐specific intercellular nanopores), cell‐to‐cell trafficking through PD and long‐distance movement between organs through the phloem (the specialized vascular system used by plants for the transport of assimilates and macromolecules). Transport is mediated by virus‐encoded ‘movement’ proteins. Several different types of movement proteins can be distinguished, which share properties such as nucleic acid binding, targeting and dilation of PD, and intercellular movement. These functions can be distributed amongst several movement proteins. Some movement proteins form a hollow tubule through PD which allows the passage of virus particles, but for the majority of viruses, the precise mechanism of transport through PD is still unknown.

Key Concepts:

Plant viruses need to overcome the barrier of the cell wall to spread from the initially infected cells to the rest of the plant.

Local cell‐to‐cell movement occurs through PD which are plant‐specific membrane‐lined nanopores that connect adjoining cells.

Long‐distance movement between plant organs occurs through the phloem, one of the two components of the plant's vasculature.

Viral cell‐to‐cell movement constitutes an extreme population bottleneck and needs to stay ahead of plant defence signals trafficking through the same channels.

Movement is mediated by one or several virus‐encoded movement proteins, which facilitate transport of virus genomes or virus particles between cells.

The transported form of the viral genome is usually either a virus particle that can be modified, or a nonvirion ribonucleoprotein complex containing RNA and movement proteins. Local and long‐distance movement forms can be different.

Two different movement mechanisms are observed: insertion of a MP‐comprised tubule into PD that forms a conduit for virus particles, or tubule‐less movement by an unknown mechanism.

Mechanisms contributing to PD dilation may include breakdown of the polysaccharide callose in the surrounding cell wall and severing of actin filaments.

Viruses use elements of the cell's cytoskeleton and/or endomembrane system to get from replication sites to PD, or replication and movement can be spatially linked at PD.

Nuclear host factors are required for long‐distance movement of some viruses.
Morphological influence of carbon modifiers on the electromagnetic shielding of their linear low density polyethylene composites
Authors: Villacorta Byron S. , Ogale Amod A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe influence of morphology of carbon modifiers on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of their polyethylene‐matrix composites is reported. Four heat‐treated (HT) carbon modifiers were investigated: PR‐19‐HT carbon nanofibers, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT‐HT), helical multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HCNT‐HT), and mesophase pitch‐based P‐55 carbon fibers as a control. These were melt‐mixed with linear low density polyethylene at 10 vol %, which was above the percolation threshold. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EM SE) of the composites exhibits significant dependence on the modifier morphology. Thus, MWHTs, with the highest aspect ratio, lead to the highest composite electrical and thermal conductivities (34 Sm−1 and 1 Wm−1 K−1) and EM SE (∼24 dB). In contrast, HCNT, due to their coiled shape and low aspect ratio, lead to segregated microstructure and low EM SE (<1 dB). However, these composites display the highest ductility (∼250%) and flexibility, probably due to matrix‐modifier mechanical bonding provided by the helical morphology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41055.
Simultaneous determination of seven ginsenosides in rat plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics of Shenfu injection
Authors: Li Zhengguang , Zhang Rui , Wang Xiuping , Hu Xiaofei , Chen Yuguo , Liu Qingfei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐TOF MS) method was successfully developed and validated for the identification and determination of seven ginsenosides, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Ro and Rd, in a Chinese herbal preparation, Shenfu injection, and rat plasma. Based on the method, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the seven ginsenosides were investigated following intravenous administration of single dose of Shenfu injection to six rats. The established method had high linearity, selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The pharmacokinetic results showed that Rb1, Rc and Rb2 had similar pharmacokinetic profiles and relatively long half‐life values (19.29 ± 6.36, 29.54 ± 22.91 and 35.60 ± 30.66 h). The half‐lives of Rf and Rd were 4.21 ± 3.68 and 8.49 ± 5.20 h, respectively, indicating that they could be metabolized more rapidly than Rb1, Rc and Rb2. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facetons: face primitives for building 3D architectural models in virtual environments
Authors: Sasaki Naoki , Chen Hsiang‐Ting , Sakamoto Daisuke , Igarashi Takeo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present facetons, geometric modeling primitives designed for building architectural models especially effective for a virtual environment where six degrees of freedom input devices are available. A faceton is an oriented point floating in the air and defines a plane of infinite extent passing through the point. The polygonal mesh model is constructed by taking the intersection of the planes associated with the facetons. With the simple interaction of faceton, users can easily create 3D architecture models. The faceton primitive and its interaction reduce the overhead associated with standard polygonal mesh modeling, where users have to manually specify vertexes and edges which could be far away. The faceton representation is inspired by the research on boundary representations (B‐rep) and constructive solid geometry, but it is driven by a novel adaptive bounding algorithm and is specifically designed for 3D modeling activities in an immersive virtual environment. We describe the modeling method and our current implementation. The implementation is still experimental but shows potential as a viable alternative to traditional modeling methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Pd3Co1@Pt/C Core‐Shell Catalysts for Methanol‐Tolerant Cathodes of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Aricò Antonino S. , Stassi Alessandro , D'Urso Claudia , Sebastián David , Baglio Vincenzo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA composite Pd‐based electrocatalyst consisting of a surface layer of Pt (5 wt. %) supported on a core Pd3Co1 alloy (95 wt. %) and dispersed as nanoparticles on a carbon black support (50 wt. % metal content) was prepared by using a sulphite‐complex route. The structure, composition, morphology, and surface properties of the catalyst were investigated by XRD, XRF, TEM, XPS and low‐energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LE‐ISS). The catalyst showed an enrichment of Pt on the surface and a smaller content of Co in the outermost layers. These characteristics allow a decrease the Pt content in direct methanol fuel cell cathode electrodes (from 1 to 0.06 mg cm−2) without significant decay in performance, due also to a better tolerance to methanol permeated through the polymer electrolyte membrane.
Influence of Catalyst Structure and Reaction Conditions on anti‐ versus syn‐Aminopalladation Pathways in Pd‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions of N‐Allylsulfamides
Authors: Fornwald Ryan M. , Fritz Jonathan A. , Wolfe John P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed coupling of N‐allylsulfamides with aryl and alkenyl triflates to afford cyclic sulfamide products is described. In contrast to other known Pd‐catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions, these transformations may be selectively induced to occur by way of either anti‐ or syn‐aminopalladation mechanistic pathways by modifying the catalyst structure and reaction conditions.
Influence of the Side‐Chain Length on the Cellular Uptake and the Cytotoxicity of Rhenium Triscarbonyl Derivatives: A Bimodal Infrared and Luminescence Quantitative Study
Authors: Clède Sylvain , Lambert François , Saint‐Fort Rénette , Plamont Marie‐Aude , Bertrand Hélène , Vessières Anne , Policar Clotilde 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRhenium triscarbonyl complexes fac‐[Re(CO)3(N^N)] with appropriate ancillary N^N ligands are relevant for fluorescent bio‐imaging. Recently, we have shown that [Re(CO)3] cores can also be efficiently mapped inside cells using their IR signature and that they can thus be used in a bimodal approach. To describe them we have coined the term SCoMPIs for single‐core multimodal probes for imaging. In the context of the use of these SCoMPIs in bio‐imaging, the questions of their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity are critical. We report here a series of compounds derived from the [Re(CO)3Cl(pyta)] core (pyta=4‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole). The pyta ligand is of interest because it can be easily functionalized. Aliphatic side chains (C4, C8, and C12) were appended to this core. A correlative study involving IR and luminescence was performed to monitor and quantify their cellular internalization. We studied the relationship between lipophilicity (log P(o/w)), cytotoxicity (IC50), and cellular uptake, and we showed that both uptake and cytotoxicity increase with the length of the side chain, with a higher uptake for the C12 derivative. This study stresses the distinction that has to be made between apparent toxicity, determined as an incubation concentration IC50, and intrinsic toxicity. Indeed, the intrinsic toxicity of a compound can remain hidden if it is not cell permeable. Therefore it must be kept in mind that IC50 values are composite values, reflecting both cellular uptake and intrinsic toxicity.
Concise Multigram‐Scale Synthesis of Push–Pull Tricyanofuran‐Based Hemicyanines with Giant Second‐Order Nonlinearity: An Alternative for Electro‐optic Materials
Authors: Bentoumi Wissam , Mulatier Jean‐Christophe , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Maury Olivier , Barsella Alberto , Vola Jean‐Pierre , Chastaing Evelyne , Divay Laurent , Soyer Françoise , Le Barny Pierre , Bretonnière Yann , Andraud Chantal 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHighly stable and highly soluble push–pull heptamethine hemicyanines based on the tricyanofuran electron‐accepting group can be prepared on a 15 g scale. The compounds display giant second‐order nonlinear figure of merit, μβ of up to 31 000×10−48 esu, and lead to a poled material with a second‐order nonlinear response, r33 of 90 pm V−1 at 1.06 μm
Water‐Mediated Proton Conduction in a Robust Triazolyl Phosphonate Metal–Organic Framework with Hydrophilic Nanochannels
Authors: Begum Salma , Wang Zhaoyang , Donnadio Anna , Costantino Ferdinando , Casciola Mario , Valiullin Rustem , Chmelik Christian , Bertmer Marko , Kärger Jörg , Haase Jürgen , Krautscheid Harald 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe development of water‐mediated proton‐conducting materials operating above 100 °C remains challenging because the extended structures of existing materials usually deteriorate at high temperatures. A new triazolyl phosphonate metal–organic framework (MOF) [La3L4(H2O)6]Cl⋅x H2O (1, L2−=4‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)phenyl phosphonate) with highly hydrophilic 1D channels was synthesized hydrothermally. Compound 1 is an example of a phosphonate MOF with large regular pores with 1.9 nm in diameter. It forms a water‐stable, porous structure that can be reversibly hydrated and dehydrated. The proton‐conducting properties of 1 were investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Magic‐angle spinning (MAS) and pulse field gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopies confirm the dynamic nature of the incorporated water molecules. The diffusivities, determined by PFG NMR and IR microscopy, were found to be close to that of liquid water. This porous framework accomplishes the challenges of water stability and proton conduction even at 110 °C. The conductivity in 1 is proposed to occur by the vehicle mechanism.
A 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydrofullerene Derivative Generated from a [60]Fulleroindoline: Regioselective Electrosynthesis and Computational Study
Authors: Xiao Yang , Wang Guanwu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro[60]fullerene with a five‐membered heterocycle fused to a [5,6] junction was obtained with high regioselectivity by electrochemical functionalization of a [60]fulleroindoline. The structure was determined by spectroscopic data. A plausible reaction mechanism supported by computational calculations is proposed.
Control of sub‐harmonic oscillation in peak current mode buck converter with dynamic resonant perturbation
Authors: Lu Weiguo , Jing Fei , Zhou Luowei , Iu Herbert H. C. , Fernando Tyrone 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a dynamic resonant perturbation (DRP) method is proposed to control sub‐harmonic oscillation in a peak current mode controlled buck converter. Different from the traditional non‐feedback resonant parametric perturbation method, the proposed DRP method extracts an approximate sinusoidal control signal from the output voltage. The self‐stabilizing condition for the designed control signal is presented, and its analog circuit implementation is given as well. Furthermore, the system stability boundary is obtained by investigating the system eigenvalues, and the control parameter is effectively determined. The presented simulation and experiment results show that the proposed DRP method eliminates sub‐harmonic oscillation without sacrificing the peak value of the inductor current and features with a self‐stabilizing characteristic for external condition changes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cochrane in context: Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child
Authors: Kramer Michael S. , Kakuma Ritsuko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCochrane Review: Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD000133. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000133.pub3.This companion piece to the review, “Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child,” contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Paediatric Society and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), United Kingdom
Efficient Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Benzothiazine‐Fused Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]coumarins: Cycloaddition Reactions between Coumarin‐Based Dihydrobenzothiazoles and Isocyanides
Authors: Khoobi Mehdi , Ramazani Ali , Mahdavi Mohammad , Foroumadi Alireza , Emami Saeed , Joo Sang Woo , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Lis Tadeusz , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new and unusual synthesis of benzothiazine‐fused pyrrolo[3,4‐c]coumarins, involving the ring‐opening of coumarin‐based dihydrobenzothiazoles and subsequent [4+1] cycloaddition reaction with isocyanides, was described. Thus, simple heating of various 3‐(2,3‐dihydro‐2‐methylbenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)coumarins with isocyanides produced the title compounds in good yields under solvent‐free conditions.
Chemoselective Route for Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐3‐oxochromeno[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐2(3H)‐carbothioamide Derivatives
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Ghanbaripour Rashid 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA chemoselective route for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐2(3H)‐carbothioamide derivatives by a five‐component reaction of salicylaldehyde, malononitrile, NH2NH2⋅H2O, aryl isothiocyanate, and H2O in EtOH/AcOH mixture is reported. This new protocol has the advantages of high yields, short reaction times, ease of operation, and simple purification. All structures were confirmed by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and MS analyses. A plausible mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).
Neurofibromin Deficiency-Associated Transcriptional Dysregulation Suggests a Novel Therapy for Tibial Pseudoarthrosis in NF1
Authors: Paria Nandina , Cho Tae-Joon , Choi In Ho , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Kayembe Kay , Mao Rong , Margraf Rebecca L , Obermosser Gerlinde , Oxendine Ila , Sant David W , Song Mi Hyun , Stevenson David A , Viskochil David H , Wise Carol A , Kim Harry KW , Rios Jonathan J 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in NF1. Among the earliest manifestations is tibial pseudoarthrosis and persistent nonunion after fracture. To further understand the pathogenesis of pseudoarthrosis and the underlying bone remodeling defect, pseudoarthrosis tissue and cells cultured from surgically resected pseudoarthrosis tissue from NF1 individuals were analyzed using whole-exome and whole-transcriptome sequencing as well as genomewide microarray analysis. Genomewide analysis identified multiple genetic mechanisms resulting in somatic biallelic NF1 inactivation; no other genes with recurring somatic mutations were identified. Gene expression profiling identified dysregulated pathways associated with neurofibromin deficiency, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Unlike aggressive NF1-associated malignancies, tibial pseudoarthrosis tissue does not harbor a high frequency of somatic mutations in oncogenes or other tumor-suppressor genes, such as p53. However, gene expression profiling indicates that pseudoarthrosis tissue has a tumor-promoting transcriptional pattern, despite lacking tumorigenic somatic mutations. Significant overexpression of specific cancer-associated genes in pseudoarthrosis highlights a potential for receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors to target neurofibromin-deficient pseudoarthrosis and promote proper bone remodeling and fracture healing. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of 3‐(Pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1,3‐thiazinan(thiazolidin)‐4‐ones
Authors: Bosenbecker Juliano , Bareño Valéria D.O. , Difabio Roberta , Vasconcellos Flávia A. , Dutra Filipe S.P. , Oliveira Pathise S. , Barschak Alethéa G. , Stefanello Francieli M. , Cunico Wilson 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe antioxidant properties of two series of thiazolidinones and thiazinanones were reported. The novel six‐membered thiazinanones were synthesized from the efficient multicomponent reaction of 2‐picolylamine (2‐aminomethylpyridine), arenaldehydes, and the 3‐mercaptopropionic acid in moderate to excellent yields. These novel compounds were fully identified and characterized by NMR and GC‐MS techniques. In vitro antioxidant activities of all compounds were evaluated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) tests. The antioxidant assays of thiobarbituric acid reactive species and total thiol content levels in the cerebral cortex and liver of rats were also performed. Thiazinanone 5a showed the best radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS tests, as well as reduced lipid peroxidation and increased total thiol group in biological systems. Altogether, the results may be considered a good starting point for the discovery of a new radical scavenger.
Concentration–effect modeling based on change from baseline to assess the prolonging effect of drugs on QTc together with an estimate of the circadian time course
Authors: Ferber Georg , Wang Duolao , Täubel Jörg 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs ICH E14 was adopted by the US FDA and the EU CPMC in 2005, thorough QT studies have routinely been analyzed by looking at the time‐matched difference between (baseline corrected) QTcF or QTcI under the supra‐therapeutic dose and placebo. A study is considered negative, if the two‐sided 90% confidence interval for this difference is below 10 ms for all investigated time points. ICH E14 suggests including a positive control, such as moxifloxacin, for assay sensitivity. Concentration–response analysis has been considered a more powerful alternative, but its application to parallel group studies was hampered as a double difference of QTcF per subject cannot be calculated. Recently, a new model based on change from baseline with fixed time and concentration effects has been proposed. It allows for a placebo‐corrected prediction of the drug effect with an unbiased standard error, and the estimate of a time effect can be used for assay sensitivity. We demonstrate this approach, utilizing 2 studies reported elsewhere with a crossover design. We compare the results from a conventional concentration–response analysis based on the difference to placebo with results from the novel analysis based on the change from average baseline that includes a fixed time effect.