bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Katherine Philips
Authors: Wright Gillian , Challinor Jennie 
Published: August 2014

Katherine Philips (b. 1632–d. 1664) is one of the most important figures in English women’s literary history. She is also a key figure within the history of 17th-century English-language poetry, irrespective of gender. Archival evidence indicates that Philips began to write while young: some of her juvenilia may have been written during her mid-teens, while the earliest items in her autograph collection of her own poems date from her late teens and early twenties. Throughout the remainder of her short life she kept writing, responding to literary fashions (such as the vogue for French neoclassical drama in the early 1660s), the downfall and restoration of the monarchy, and events within her local community and literary coteries. She formed productive acquaintances with some of the leading literary and cultural figures in contemporary London and Dublin, and was the first woman to see her work performed on the commercial stage in Britain or Ireland. Her writing shows a deep engagement with the English literary canon, and was to be an inspiration to later 17th-century and early-18th-century poets and dramatists, both male and female. After their early popularity, Philips’s writings faded from view and were little known in the later 18th and throughout the 19th centuries. (Keats, an important exception, admired her poetry and recommended it to a friend in 1817.) Her critical fortunes began to revive at the outset of the 20th century, when her poetry was re-edited and made available to a scholarly readership. Though curiously neglected in Virginia Woolf’s feminist classic, A Room of One’s Own (1929), her work has benefited greatly from the growth of scholarly interest in early modern women’s writing since the late 1980s. Her writings on female friendship have retained their popularity for feminist scholars and have also been read as key texts in the history of female literary homoeroticism. Her avid interest in politics has been discussed in relation both to literary cultures of the interregnum and Restoration and to women’s engagement with the public sphere. The survival of numerous early manuscripts of her writing a fairly detailed tracing of the production, circulation, and reception of her writing, while the issue of her involvement (or otherwise) in the publication of her 1664 Poems is still an area of lively critical disagreement. Renewed interest in the formal qualities of women’s writing, as well as attention to such issues as literary archipelagism and epistolarity, should ensure that Philips’s writing continues to speak to current critical debates and to attract high levels of scholarly attention.
Li Bai and Du Fu
Authors: Varsano Paula 
Published: August 2014

The tradition of pairing poets—long a staple in the Chinese literary historical imagination—is something that has come and, for the most part, gone. Until recently, most people educated in the tradition would have no trouble reeling off a number of such pairs, some of them involving social connections, but all of them constructed to highlight either complementary or reinforcing sets of poetic aesthetics. Of all the poetic pairs that populate Chinese literary history, it is perhaps Li Bai 李白 (b. 701–d. 762, whose name is also transliterated as Li Po, Li Bo, and occasionally Li Taibai 李太白) and Du Fu 杜甫 (b. 712–d. 770) who form the most compelling one, not least because, from the beginning, theirs was uniquely conceived in evaluative terms; in the literary imagination they were, and remain, the Two Greatest Poets of the Tang—or even of China. Yet, as is inevitable when discussions turn to qualitative rankings, the pair as such became an object of contention. Inevitably, one or the other of the two poets would be construed as being “greater” than the other. From the earliest moment of their pairing, which we can date to the Middle Tang writings of Han Yu and Bai Juyi, there developed what we can rightly call the “Li-Du debate,” the terms of which became so deeply ingrained in the critical discourse surrounding these two poets that almost any characterization of the one implicitly critiqued the other. Remarkably, no argument attempting to reverse the terms or discredit this practice has quite succeeded in dissolving the cultural ties that bind Li Bai and Du Fu. The bibliography presented here is organized in three parts: the section devoted to Li Bai, the elder of the two, is first; Du Fu is next; and the Li Bai and Du Fu section is last. This organization encourages researchers to think of the poets separately before attempting to understand them as a pair. Still, notwithstanding this precaution, scholars will most certainly notice the chicken-and-egg genesis of much of the relevant critical terminology. Thus, it is advisable to consult the reception histories and surveys-of-the-field pertaining to both poets to have a fuller understanding of the scholarship pertaining to each.
Evaluation of Fungicides to Control Loquat Scab Caused by Fusicladium eriobotryae
Authors: González-Domínguez Elisa , Rodríguez-Reina José M. , García-Jiménez José , Armengol Josep 
Published: August 2014

Loquat scab caused by Fusicladium eriobotryae is the main disease affecting the loquat crop. The fungus can infect leaves and fruits, reducing the marketable quality of the latter. The efficacy of 13 fungicides against F. eriobotryae was evaluated in vitro by testing their effect on mycelial growth and conidial germination. Boscalid, chlorothalonil, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, and pyraclostrobin were able to reduce both conidial germination and mycelial growth of F. eriobotryae. Moreover, a growth chamber experiment was conducted to determine the pre- and post-infection activity of five selected fungicides. Difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin applications resulted in relative disease severity (RDS) values lower than 5%, even when applied 7 days before or after the inoculation. Boscalid and mancozeb applied before F. eriobotryae inoculation resulted in RDS values lower than 15%, whereas values up to 20% of RDS were obtained with copper oxychloride. Results indicate that the fungicides currently recommended in southeastern Spain against loquat scab provide adequate disease control, and new active ingredients could be added to the present management strategies. Accepted 7 May 2014. Published 27 July 2014.
Life Expectancy and Metastatic Spine Scoring Systems
Authors: Ragel Brian T. , Mendez Gustavo A. , Reddington Justin , Ferachi David , Kubicky Charlotte D. , Philipp Travis C. , Zusman Natalie L. , Klimo Paul , Hart Robert , Yoo Jung , Ching Alex C. 
Published: August 2014

Study Design:
A retrospective data collection study with application of metastatic spine scoring systems.

Objectives:
To apply the Tomita and revised Tokuhashi scoring systems to a surgical cohort at a single academic institution and analyze spine-related surgical morbidity and mortality rates.

Summary of Background Data:
Surgical management of metastatic spine patients requires tools that can accurately predict patient survival, as well as knowledge of morbidity and mortality rates.

Methods:
An Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Spine Center surgical database was queried (years 2002–2010) to identify patients with an ICD-9 code indicative of metastatic spine disease. Patients whose only surgical treatment was vertebral augmentation were not included. Scatter plots of survival versus the Tomita and revised Tokuhashi metastatic spine scoring systems were statistically analyzed. Spine-related morbidity and mortality rates were calculated.

Results:
Sixty-eight patients were identified: 45 patients’ (30 male patients, mean age 45 y) medical records included operative, morbidity, and mortality statistic data and 38 (26 male patients, mean age 54 y) contained complete metastatic spine scoring system data. Of the 38 deceased spine metastatic patients, 8 had renal cell, 7 lung, 4 breast, 2 chondrosarcoma, 2 prostate, 11 other, and 4 unknown primary cancers. Linear regression analysis revealed R
2 values of 0.2570 and 0.2009 for the revised Tokuhashi and Tomita scoring systems, respectively. Overall transfusion, infection, morbidity, and mortality rates were 33% and 9%, and 42% and 9%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Application of metastatic prognostic scoring systems to a retrospective surgical cohort revealed an overall poor correlation with the Tomita and revised Tokuhashi predictive survival models. Morbidity and mortality rates concur with those in the medical literature. This study underscores the difficulty in utilizing metastatic spine scoring systems to predict patient survival. We believe a scoring system based on cancer type is needed to account for changes in treatment paradigms with improved patient survival over time.
Association of Graded Folic Acid Supplementation and Total Plasma Homocysteine Levels With Hematological Toxicity During First-line Treatment of Nonsquamous NSCLC Patients With Pemetrexed-based Chemotherapy
Authors: Singh Navneet , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Kaur Jyotdeep , Behera Digambar 
Published: August 2014

Background:
Pemetrexed is the preferred treatment of nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (ns-NSCLC). Folic acid supplementation (FAS) (350 to 1000 μg daily PO) is recommended to minimize hematological toxicity (HTox). Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tpHcy) predicts increased risk of HTox with pemetrexed in absence of FAS. The current study aimed to assess prevalence of elevated tpHcy levels at baseline and after pemetrexed treatment. Association of graded tpHcy levels/FAS with toxicity was also assessed.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of all ns-NSCLC patients undergoing first-line treatment with pemetrexed-containing platinum doublet over 3½ years was carried out. All eligible patients received pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (65 mg/m2) each on D1 of a 3-week cycle. FAS was 400 μg for tpHcy< upper limit of normal (ULN), 700 μg for tpHcy 1 to 2 ULN, and 1000 μg for tpHcy>2 ULN. All patients also received oral ferrous sulphate and injectable vitamin B12. Exact 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for comparison with previously published studies.

Results:
75.7% of 111 patients had stage IV disease. Prevalence of tpHcy levels <ULN, 1 to 2 ULN and >2 ULN were 47.8%, 41.4%, and 10.8% pretreatment and 78.9%, 21.1%, and 0% posttreatment, respectively (P<0.0001). Incidence of any grade and grade 3/4 HTox was 87.4% and 17.1% (anemia), 53.2% and 7.2% (leukopenia), 36.9% and 10.8% (neutropenia), and 39.6% and 7.2% (thrombocytopenia), respectively. HTox, non-HTox, and radiologic responses did not differ among patient groups based upon baseline tpHcy levels or upon graded baseline FAS. Incidence of grade 3/4 anemia was higher in current (17.1%; 95% CI, 11.3%-25.2%) as compared with previous studies.

Conclusions:
Prevalence of elevated tpHcy levels posttreatment as compared with baseline was reduced significantly with FAS. Among ns-NSCLC patients treated with pemetrexed and with FAS of 400 to 1000 μg daily, HTox was not associated with either baseline tpHcy levels or with graded baseline FAS.
Identification and characterization of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) demethylase and TMAO permease in Methylocella silvestris BL2
Authors: Zhu Yijun , Jameson Eleanor , Parslow Rosemary A. , Lidbury Ian , Fu Tiantian , Dafforn Timothy R. , Schäfer Hendrik , Chen Yin 
Published: August 2014

SummaryMethylocella silvestris, an alphaproteobacterium isolated from a forest soil, can grow on trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) as a sole nitrogen source; however, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underpinning its growth remain unknown. Marker‐exchange mutagenesis enabled the identification of several genes involved in TMAO metabolism, including Msil_3606, a permease of the amino acids‐polyamine (APC) superfamily, and Msil_3603, consisting of an N‐terminal domain of unknown function (DUF1989) and a C‐terminal tetrahydrofolate‐binding domain. Null mutants of Msil_3603 and Msil_3606 can no longer grow on TMAO. Purified Msil_3603 from recombinant Escherichia coli can convert TMAO to dimethylamine and formaldehyde (1 TMAO → 1 dimethylamine + 1 formaldehyde), confirming that it encodes a bona fide TMAO demethylase (Tdm). Tdm of M. silvestris and eukaryotic Tdms have no sequence homology and contrasting characteristics. Recombinant Tdm of M. silvestris appears to be hexameric, has a high affinity for TMAO (Km = 3.3 mM; Vmax = 21.7 nmol min−1 mg−1) and only catalyses demethylation of TMAO and a structural homologue, dimethyldodecylamine N‐oxide. Our study has contributed to the understanding of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms for TMAO degradation in M. silvestris.
Sudden Death as a Complication of Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Das Siddhartha , Badhe Bhawana , Bibi Asma , Mohanty Manoj K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report the case of a young man with a history of sudden death. On autopsy, a large retroperitoneal mass was found along with secondaries in the liver and lungs. No testicular abnormality was detected on palpation. Based on histopathological examination, it was diagnosed to be a case of choriocarcinoma. Unfortunately, it was not definitively determined whether the retroperitoneal mass represents the primary tumor or secondary involvement with testes being the primary source. It is important that forensic pathologists are aware of this disease as a potential cause of sudden death. The main focus of the paper is the approach of a forensic pathologist to a case of a sudden death when an unexpected and undiagnosed tumor is found in the retroperitoneum and not much information is available about the clinical history of the deceased.
Correlation of Molecular Expression with Diel Rhythm of Oviposition in Calliphora vicina (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Implications for Forensic Entomology
Authors: George Kelly A. , Archer Melanie S. , Toop Tes 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study explored the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying blow fly nocturnal oviposition. A behavioral study revealed that Calliphora vicina (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) possesses a diel rhythm of oviposition in light under 12:12 light/dark conditions. Reversal to 12:12 dark/light resulted in oviposition behavior changing to align with the adjusted regime in most females, but four of 59 experimental females lacked a diel rhythm of oviposition (were arrhythmic). Real‐time PCR was used to monitor the molecular expression levels of known circadian genes per and tim in C. vicina to determine whether gene expression and behavior correlated. As with behavior, reversing light/dark conditions changed rhythmic gene expression to align with an adjusted light regime. This suggests that although it is unlikely that C. vicina will colonize dead bodies at night, arrhythmic females and oviposition in the dark was demonstrated.
Usefulness of CT‐guided hookwire marking before video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small pulmonary lesions
Authors: Suzuki Kazushi , Shimohira Masashi , Hashizume Takuya , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Sobue Ryoji , Mimura Mikio , Mori Yuji , Ijima Hidenori , Watanabe Kenichi , Yano Motoki , Yoshioka Hiromu , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the technical and clinical efficacy and safety of CT‐guided hookwire marking before video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for small pulmonary lesions.Materials and MethodsThis procedure was performed on 161 lesions in 154 patients (75 men and 79 women; median age, 62 years; age range 23–89 years). Medical records and images were reviewed, and the technical success rate, surgical success rate and complications were evaluated. Technical success was defined as successful hookwire marking at the target site without marker dropping before VATS. Surgical success was defined as negative surgical margins on pathological examination after VATS.ResultsThere were 97 nodules and 64 ground‐glass opacities, and their mean size was 9.8 mm (range 2–34). The technical success rate was 97.5% (157/161). In three of the four failed cases, another hookwire marker was placed, and in the remaining case, VATS was performed without a marker. The surgical success rate was 98.1% (158/161). In the three failed cases, the margin was positive, so lung lobectomy was performed in one case, and the other two cases were observed carefully. Complication rates were as follows: pneumothorax, 37.9% (61/161); focal intrapulmonary haemorrhage, 34.8% (58/139); haemoptysis, 0.6% (1/161); haemothorax, 0% (0/161); air embolism, 0.6% (1/161); dissemination, 0% (0/161); and death, 0% (0/161).ConclusionCT‐guided hookwire marking appears to be useful for VATS, but the procedure may, although rarely, cause severe complications such as air embolism.
Jordanian Women's Personal Practices Regarding Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Al‐Hussami Mahmoud , Zeilani Ruqayya , AlKhawaldeh Omar Abdelhameed , Abushaika Lubna 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundBreast cancer, as a leading cause of mortality, is responsible for 12.5% of all deaths in Jordan.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe Jordanian women's personal practices and perceptions of breast cancer screening tests.MethodsA quantitative cross‐sectional survey using a proportionate stratified sample of 331 women was conducted. The target population includes all Jordanian women living in high‐ and low‐density neighborhoods. The population involved women from the 12 governorates areas.ResultsPerception of susceptibility, confidence in performing breast self‐examination (BSE) barriers of the group that had previously performed BSE were significantly higher than those who did not practice (t = 8.38, p = .02; t = 9.90, p = .00; t = −0.98, p = .01, respectively).ConclusionThe results of this study provide information to policy makers and healthcare leaders who seek to improve breast cancer prevention and response to cancer control efforts.
Hydrogen sulfide: physiological properties and therapeutic potential in ischaemia
Authors: Bos Eelke M , van Goor Harry , Joles Jaap A , Whiteman Matthew , Leuvenink Henri G D 
Published: August 2014

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has become a molecule of high interest in recent years, and it is now recognized as the third gasotransmitter in addition to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the physiology of endogenous and exogenous H2S, focusing upon the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide in models of hypoxia and ischaemia.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of the Gasotransmitters. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐6
Measurement Issues: Assessing language skills in young children
Authors: Dockrell Julie E. , Marshall Chloë R. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundLanguage and communication skills are central to children's ability to engage in social relationships and access learning experiences. This paper identifies issues which practitioners and researchers should consider when assessing language skills. A range of current language assessments is reviewed.Key findingsCurrent screening measures do not meet psychometric prerequisites to identify language problems. There are significant challenges in the interpretation of language assessments, where socioeconomic status, language status and dialect, hearing impairment and test characteristics impact results.ConclusionsPsychometrically sound assessments of language are an essential component of developing effective and efficient interventions. The language trajectories of preschool children vary substantially; current screening measures have significant limitations. Composite measures of language performance are better indicators of language problems and disorders than single measures of component skills.
Parallel Distributed Processing at 25: Further Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition
Authors: Rogers Timothy T. , McClelland James L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces a special issue ofCognitive Scienceinitiated on the 25th anniversary of the publication ofParallel Distributed Processing(PDP), a two‐volume work that introduced the use of neural network models as vehicles for understanding cognition. The collection surveys the core commitments of thePDPframework, the key issues the framework has addressed, and the debates the framework has spawned, and presents viewpoints on the current status of these issues. The articles focus on both historical roots and contemporary developments in learning, optimality theory, perception, memory, language, conceptual knowledge, cognitive control, and consciousness. Here we consider the approach more generally, reviewing the original motivations, the resulting framework, and the central tenets of the underlying theory. We then evaluate the impact ofPDPboth on the field at large and within specific subdomains of cognitive science and consider the current role ofPDPmodels within the broader landscape of contemporary theoretical frameworks in cognitive science. Looking to the future, we consider the implications for cognitive science of the recent success of machine learning systems called “deep networks”—systems that build on key ideas presented in thePDPvolumes.
Complexity with Heterogeneous Fundamentalists and a Multiplicative Price Mechanism
Authors: Naimzada Ahmad K. , Ricchiuti Giorgio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn contrast with the canonical models of financial markets with heterogeneous agents,, Naimzada and Ricchiuti, (, ) show that the interaction of groups of agents who have the same trading rule but present different beliefs about the fundamental value could be a source of instability. In this paper, differently from, Naimzada and Ricchiuti, (, ), we assume that the market maker employs a so‐called multiplicative price mechanism (Tuinstra, ; Zhu et al., ). We show that the occurrence of heterogeneity has an ambiguous role: it may either stabilize or destabilize the market.
Using surveys of business perceptions as a guide to growth‐enhancing fiscal reforms
Authors: Misch Florian , Gemmell Norman , Kneller Richard 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper assesses the merits of using business perceptions of growth constraints as a guide to growth‐enhancing fiscal policy reforms. Using endogenous growth models in which the government levies an income tax to provide public inputs to the production of private firms, the paper demonstrates that such perceptions of growth constraints may be misleading from a policy perspective. In particular, firms can be expected to systematically overestimate the growth‐enhancing effects of lower tax rates relative to public services and public capital, and underestimate the growth‐enhancing effects of greater provision of public capital relative to taxation and public services. In addition, we show that firms rank different public services and different types of public capital according to the actual costs they impose on firms. It is then shown that these theoretical predictions regarding how firms rank constraints correspond closely to the observed ranking of constraints by firms in the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys.