bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Ferrous Carbonate/Iron Oxides Scaling Risk under High Temperature in the Absence and Presence of Scale Inhibitors
Authors: Yan Chao , Huang Jin , Guraieb Paula , Tomson Ross C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Scale control in ultra-deepwater under high temperature, high pressure and high total dissolved solids (TDS) is critical for efficient and safe oil and gas production. With the continued development of offshore production in ultra-deepwater, more and more wells are exposed to extremely high temperature (&gt;150 °C) and pressure (&gt;15,000 psig) under anoxic condition. However scale testing, prediction and control under these extreme conditions is often challenging due to the limitation of testing equipment to accurately simulate these environments.
The dynamic tube blocking test is a widely applied test approach for evaluating scale risk and scale inhibition efficiency in the laboratory. However, little information has been reported for studying control and inhibition of siderite (FeCO3), a major product from corrosion. Furthermore, very few studies assess the scaling risk of iron oxides under extremely high temperatures.
In this research, the kinetics of siderite nucleation and precipitation has been studied in the absence and presence of scale inhibitors including sulphonated polycarboxylic acid (SPCA), polyvinyl sulphonate (PVS), carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) and sodium citrate. Scale inhibitors have been evaluated at high temperature (up to 250 °C) to determine if they are applicable for siderite (or iron oxide) inhibition. Inhibition of iron oxide precipitation under 250 °C and 600 psig was observed.
All solutions used in this research are strictly anoxic with ≪ 1 parts per billion (ppb) of dissolved oxygen and in the absence of added reducing reagents, that might alter the reaction. This strictly anoxic condition is critical for evaluating inhibition efficiency and degradation of scale inhibitors due to the interferences and reactions between dissolved oxygen and scale inhibitors.
Polyethersulfone (PES)/Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB) Hybrid Hollow Fiber Membranes for Organic Matter Removal from Produced Water
Authors: Zha Shangwen , Yu Jianjia , Zhang Guoyin , Liu Ning , Lee Robert 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In the United States, for every barrel of oil, approximately seven barrels of water are produced. Produced water consists of various amounts of organic and inorganic constituents from the source geologic formation and associated hydrocarbons. Produced water handling has become a major effort of all waterflood operations. Membrane technology has been widely used for produced water purification due to its economic and portable properties. However, the presence of organic matter in produced water causes serious membrane fouling, which shortens membrane life and increases operation costs. In this study, to reduce organic components in produced water, we fabricated a series of polyethersulfone (PES)/cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) hybrid hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) for the removal of organic matters (benzene, toluene, octanoic acid and hexanoic acid) from produced water. The morphology of the hybrid PES/CAB hollow fiber membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The performance of the hybrid PES/CAB hollow fiber membranes was evaluated in terms of pure water flux, organic matter separation efficiency, flux decline ratio and flux recovery ratio. The results of our study reveal that the PES/CAB hybrid hollow fiber membranes showed an open-ended selective layer with homogenous CAB distribution. Compared to the pure PES hollow fiber membrane, the hybrid hollow fiber membranes improved the pure water flux by 20.3%. Separation tests showed that the hybrid PES/CAB hollow fiber membranes exhibited high separation efficiency of up to 99.8%. With 1.74 wt. % of CAB presented in the PES dope solution, the hybrid PES/CAB hollow fiber membranes possessed the lowest flux decline ratio and highest flux recovery ratio, indicating the excellent antifouling ability of the PES/CAB hollow fiber membranes. Based on these results, the PES/CAB hybrid hollow fiber membranes could serve as an attractive alternative for removing organic matter from produced water.
Effective Scale Prevention Using Chemically Infused Proppant - A Uinta Basin Case History
Authors: Leasure Joshua G. , Duenckel Robert J. , Hebert Jeff 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Scale deposition down hole is a well-known and common production problem throughout the industry. Successful treatment of scale where it is first deposited near wellbore can be challenging in many cases, and sometimes impossible in others. While production assurance and scale inhibition chemicals have traditionally been added as a liquid in the fracturing fluid, this approach is often not very efficient or effective as a standalone inhibition strategy. Quite often a significant fraction of the chemical immediately returns during the initial flow back with only a small portion remaining for future inhibition. This then typically necessitates reapplication of the inhibitor chemicals using a squeeze treatment or continuous injection.
The chemical delivery system described here utilizes porous ceramic proppant, which has been infused with the appropriate production chemical(s) and encapsulated. The infused ceramic proppant is added at a designed small weight fraction to the rest of the proppant volume in the fracture treatment. It is manufactured to perform as both a proppant and a chemical delivery system so it replaces an equivalent volume of standard proppant in its dual function as a proppant [Duenckel, 2014]. After placement in the fracture the chemical slowly releases from the proppant over the designed treatment period. This chemical delivery system allows for a large amount of chemical to be placed within the fracture, releasing slowly, without negatively impacting conductivity. The proppant is encapsulated with a semipermeable membrane which controls the release of production chemicals during placement and production. This provides long term scale protection and production assurance which eliminates the need for additional costly well treatments and lowers overall lease operating expense.
In addition to describing the chemical delivery system, this paper will present a case history in which five wells in the Uinta Basin were treated with scale inhibitor using this new delivery system. In this application the infused porous ceramic was added in at a design fraction to natural frac sand treatments. Inhibitor returns will be presented which illustrate the efficient, long term protection of the entire production system from both barium sulfate and calcium carbonate scale.
This paper will be useful for all production and completions engineers and technicians who are engaged in providing long term scale prevention and production assurance.
Prevalence and change of malocclusions from primary to early permanent dentition: A longitudinal study
Authors: Dimberg Lillemor , Lennartsson Bertil , Arnrup Kristina , Bondemark Lars 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To follow a group of children from primary to early permanent dentition and determine the prevalence, self-correction, and new development of malocclusions; the need for orthodontic treatment; and the possible influences of habits, breathing disturbances, and allergies.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and seventy-seven children were followed at 3, 7, and 11.5 years of age. Malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need were determined by clinical examinations. Data on sucking habits, breathing disturbances, allergies, dental trauma, and orthodontic treatments were collected from a questionnaire and dental records.

Results:
Malocclusions were found in 71% of participants at 3 years of age, 56% at 7 years of age, and 71% at 11.5 years of age. Self-correction was noted for anterior open bite, sagittal malocclusions, and posterior crossbite, while deep bite developed. A high number of contact point displacements and spacings contributed to the prevalence of malocclusion rate of 71% at 11.5 years. Severe or extreme orthodontic treatment need was apparent in 22%. Habits, allergies, or breathing disturbances found at 3 years of age had no associations with malocclusions at 11.5 years of age.

Conclusions:
This sample revealed a significant percentage of malocclusions and orthodontic treatment need. A substantial number of self-corrections and establishment of new malocclusions occurred during the transition from primary to early permanent dentition.
TIRADS for sonographic assessment of hypofunctioning and indifferent thyroid nodules
Authors: Rink T. , Zimny M. , Schenke S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAim: To test the feasibility of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System (TIRADS) according to Horvath and Kwak for the assessment of thyroid nodules. Patients, method: Retrospective analysis of patients with thyroid nodules applying the following inclusion criteria: B-mode-ultrasound, surgery and histological results. Thyroid nodules were classified as TIRADS 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 4C, 5 and 6. Results: A total of 172 patients were included (133 women, 48 ± 13 years, 39 men, 49 ± 11 years) with 222 thyroid nodules (24.9 ± 11.5 mm). Final histological diagnosis revealed 203 benign nodules (91%) and 19 malignant nodules (9%; 18 papillary thyroid carcinoma, PTC, and one medullary thyroid carcinoma, MTC). One hundred and sixty thyroid nodules were hypofunctioning in 99mTc-pertechnetate-scintigraphy, 14 nodules were hyperfunctioning and 46 nodules were classified as indifferent. In two cases with small carcinoma < 1 cm 99mTc-pertechnetate- scintigraphy was not performed. According to Horvath, the prevalence of malignancy was 6.7% in TIRADS 2, 0% in 3, 1.9% in 4A, 33% in 4B, 12.5% in 5 and 100% in 6; 73 nodules (39%) were not clearly classifiable, including 3 carcinoma (4.1%). According to Kwak, the prevalence of malignancy was 6.9% in TIRADS 2, 0% in 3, 2% in 4A, 4.1% in 4B, 23.1% in 4C, and 100% in 5 and 6, respectively. Notably, in the subgroup of hot nodules, 11 (79%) were graded as TIRADS 4A or higher, and thus advisable for fine-needle aspiration biopsy in both TIRADS. Conclusion: The TIRADS described by Horvath is not practicable due to numerous unclassifiable nodules. The revised TIRADS published by Kwak is feasible and suitable to assess the prevalence of malignancy, but it cannot replace scintigraphic imaging. Fine-needle-biopsy is not necessary in nodules categorized as (K)TIRADS 3, 4A and 5.
Adherence of doctors to a clinical guideline for hypertension in Bojanala district, North-West Province, South Africa
Authors: Adedeji Asafa R. , Tumbo John , Govender Indiran 
Published: April 2015

Background: Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements that assist practitioners and patients to make healthcare decisions for specific clinical circumstances. Non-adherence of doctors to guidelines is thought to contribute significantly to poor delivery of clinical care, resulting in poor clinical outcomes.Aim: To investigate adherence of doctors in rural district hospitals to clinical guidelines using the South African Hypertension Guideline 2006 as an example.Setting: Four district hospitals in Bojanala district of North-West Province, South Africa.Methods:A cross-sectional study determined adherence practices of doctors from records of patients with established hypertension seen at the four district hospitals.Results: Of the 490 total records documented by 29 doctors, screening for co-morbidity or associated factors was carried out as follows: diabetes mellitus 99.2%, obesity 6.1%, smoking 53.5%, dyslipidaemia 36.9%, abdominal circumference 3.3%; organ damage: eye 0, kidney 82%, heart 43.5%, chronic kidney disease 38.2%, stroke/transient ischaemic attack 15.9%, heart failure 23.5%, advanced retinopathy 0.2%, coronary heart disease 23.7%, peripheral arterial disease 13.9%. Critical tests/measurements were documented in the following proportions: blood pressure 99.8%, weight 85.3%, height 65.7%, body mass index 3.1%, urinalysis 74.5%, lipogram 76.1%, urea/creatinine 80.4%, electrocardiogram 42.9%, blood glucose 100%; risk determination and grading: diagnosis by hypertension severity 19%, low added risk 57.1%, moderate added risk 64.7%, high added risk 89.6%, very high added risk 89.2%. Adherence to therapies was as follows: first-line guideline drugs 69.4%, second line 84.7%, third line 87.8% and fourth-line 89.6%.Conclusion: Overall adherence of doctors to treatment guidelines for hypertension was found to be low (51.9%). Low adherence rates were related to age (older doctors) and less clinical experience, and differed with regard to various aspects of the guidelines.
A transformation rule for the index of commuting operators
Authors: Kaad Jens , Nest Ryszard 
Published: April 2015

In the setting of several commuting operators on a Hilbert space one defines the notions of invertibility and Fredholmness in terms of the associated Koszul complex. The index problem then consists of computing the Euler characteristic of such a special type of Fredholm complex.
In this paper we investigate transformation rules for the index under the holomorphic functional calculus. We distinguish between two different types of index results:
Our results apply to the example of Toeplitz operators acting on both Bergman spaces over pseudoconvex domains and the Hardy space over the polydisc.
The local index theorem is fundamental for future investigations of determinants and torsion of Koszul complexes.
Coleadership Among Chief Residents: Exploration of Experiences Across Specialties
Authors: Pettit Jeffrey E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Many departments have multiple chief residents. How these coleaders relate to each other could affect their performance, the residency program, and the department.

Objective
This article reports on how co-chiefs work together during the chief year, and what may allow them to be more effective coleaders.

Methods
A phenomenological research design was used to investigate experiences of outgoing chief residents from 13 specialties at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics over a 2-year period from 2012 through 2013. Thematic analysis of semistructured interviews was conducted to investigate commonalities and recommendations.

Results
Face-to-face interviews with 19 chief residents from 13 different specialties identified experiences that helped co-chiefs work effectively with each other in orienting new co-chiefs, setting goals and expectations, making decisions, managing interpersonal conflict, leadership styles, communicating, working with program directors, and providing evaluations and feedback. Although the interviewed chief residents received guidance on how to be an effective chief resident, none had been given advice on how to effectively work with a co-chief, and 26% (5 of 19) of the respondents reported having an ineffective working relationship with their co-chief.

Conclusions
Chief residents often colead in carrying out their multiple functions. To successfully function in a multichief environment, chief residents may benefit from a formal co-orientation in which they discuss goals and expectations, agree on a decision-making process, understand each other's leadership style, and receive feedback on their efficacy as leaders.
Post-traumatic Complications of Severe Luxations and replanted Teeth
Authors: Lima Thiago Farias Rocha , Nagata Juliana Yuri , de Souza-Filho Francisco José , de Jesus Soares Adriana 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the main posttraumatic complications of severe luxation and replanted teeth using clinical and radiographic analyses.Materials and methodsEighty-three patients aged between 7 and 55 years old presenting 180 traumatized teeth that suffered extrusive luxation (n = 67), lateral luxation (n = 69), intrusive luxation (n = 10) and tooth avulsion (n = 34) followed by replantation were evaluated. The follow-up period was 24 months. The complications examined were: pulp canal obliteration, pulp necrosis and root resorption (inflammatory and replacement). Furthermore, the relationship between time elapsed before receiving dental attendance and development of inflammatory resorption was observed.ResultsPulp necrosis was the main complication, occurring in 147 teeth (82.7%). All of the teeth that suffered intrusive luxation and tooth avulsion were diagnosed with pulp necrosis, with significant difference in comparison with another traumas (p < 0.001/Fisher's exact test). Inflammatory root resorption was observed in 20.5% of the cases and replacement resorption was more related to tooth replantation (94.1%), showing significant prevalence among tooth luxations (p < 0.001/Fisher's exact test). In addition, it was noted that patients who seek treatment 9 weeks after the trauma episode presented 10 times more chance of developing inflammatory resorption when compared with patients who seek treatment soon after dental trauma (Odds ratio test).ConclusionIt may be concluded that pulp necrosis was the main post-traumatic complication observed in traumatized teeth and that delay in seeking treatment may damage the prognosis of severe luxation and replanted teeth.Clinical significanceClinical studies describing the main complications that may affect traumatized teeth present great relevance to make the population aware of the importance of seeking immediate treatment and to alert the professional to the need for follow-up. When traumatic injuries are diagnosed and treated early, post-traumatic complications may be controlled, allowing conservation of the tooth in oral cavity.How to cite this articleLima TFR, Nagata JY, de Souza- Filho FJ, de Jesus Soares A. Post-traumatic Complications of Severe Luxations and replanted Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):13-19.
Comparing Three Different Three-dimensional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: An in vivo Study
Authors: Nosouhian Saeid , Davoudi Amin , Rismanchian Mansour , Razavi Sayed Mohammad , Sadeghiyan Hamidreza 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Three-dimensional Scaffold structure of synthetic biomaterials with their interconnected spaces seem to be a safe and effective option in supporting bone regeneration. The aim of this animal study was to compare the effectiveness of three different biocompatible scaffolds: bioglass (BG), demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and forstrite (FR).

Materials and methods
Four healthy dogs were anesthetized and the first to fourth premolars were extracted atraumatically in each quadrant. After healing, linear incision was prepared from molar to anterior segment and 4 defects in each quadrant (16 defects in each dog) were prepared. Scaffold blocks of BG, DBM and FR were resized according to size of defects and placed in the 12 defects randomly, 4 defects remained as control group. The dogs were sacrificed in 4 time intervals (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after) and the percentage of different types of regenerated bones (lamellar and woven) and connective tissue were recorded in histological process. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc using SPSS software Ver. 15 at significant level of 0.05.

Results
In day 30th, although the amount of regenerated lamellar bone in control, DBM and BG Scaffold (22.37 ± 3.44; 21.46 ± 1.96; 21.21 ± 0.96) were near to each, the FR Scaffold provided the highest amount of lamellar (29.71 ± 7.94) and woven bone (18.28 ± 2.35). Also, FR Scaffold showed significant difference with BG (p = 0.026) and DBM Scaffolds (p = 0.032) in regenerated lamellar bone.

Conclusion
We recommend paying more attention to FR Scaffold as a biomaterial, but it is better to be compared with other nano biomaterials in future studies.

How to cite this article
Rismanchian M, Nosouhian S, Razavi SM, Davoudi A, Sadeghiyan H. Comparing Three Different Threedimensional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):25-30.
Intramucosal Nevus in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Freitas Daniel Antunes , Bonan Paulo Rogério , Sousa Arlen Almeida , Pereira Mayane Moura , Oliveira Stephany Mendes , Jones Kimberly Marie 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of oral nevus.

Background
Nevus is a congenital or acquired benign neoplasia that can be observed in the skin or mucous membranes. It is an uncommon condition in the oral mucosa. When it does occur, the preferred location is on the palate, followed by the cheek mucosa, lip and tongue.

Case report
In this case study, we relate the diagnosis and treatment of a 23-year-old female patient with an irregular, pigmented lesion of the oral mucosa that underwent excisional biopsy resulting in a diagnosis of intramucosal nevus.

Conclusion
Nevus can appear in the oral mucosa and should be removed.

Clinical significance
It is important for dental professionals to adequately categorize and treat pigmented lesions in the mouth.

How to cite this article
Freitas DA, Bonan PR, Sousa AA, Pereira MM, Oliveira SM, Jones KM. Intramucosal Nevus in the Oral Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):74-76.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Performance and Role Satisfaction in People With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Project
Authors: Ciro Carrie A. , Anderson Michael P. , Hershey Linda A. , Prodan Calin I. , Holm Margo B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated differences in observed performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and self-reported satisfaction with social role performance between people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and age- and gender-matched control participants.
METHOD. We measured observed performance of 14 IADLs using the Independence, Safety, and Adequacy domains of the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) to examine satisfaction with social role performance.
RESULTS. Total PASS scores were significantly lower in participants with a-MCI (median = 40.6) than in control participants (median = 44.2; p = .006). Adequacy scores were also significantly lower. No significant differences were found between groups on the PROMIS measures.
CONCLUSION. IADL differences between groups were related more to errors in adequacy than to safety and independence. Occupational therapy practitioners can play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of subtle IADL deficits in people with MCI.
Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire for Children (HPSQ–C): Development, Reliability, and Validity
Authors: Rosenblum Sara , Gafni-Lachter Liat 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOBJECTIVE. To adapt the Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire (HPSQ), previously designated for adults, into a children’s self-report version (the HPSQ for Children, or HPSQ–C) and to examine its reliability and validity.METHOD. Participants included 230 children ages 7–14 yr from regular schools in Israel. The questionnaire’s content validity, internal consistency, and concurrent and construct validity were assessed.RESULTS. The tool demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .77). We found a significant moderate correlation between final HPSQ–C scores and the HPSQ, r = .51, p &lt; .001, establishing the HPSQ–C’s concurrent validity. Construct validity was also confirmed. Results demonstrated that the HPSQ–C significantly distinguished between children with and without handwriting deficiencies on the basis of measures of handwriting product (Hebrew Handwriting Evaluation) and handwriting process (Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool).CONCLUSION. The HPSQ–C is suitable for identification of handwriting deficiency among school-aged children and is appropriate for varied academic and clinical uses.