bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNAs with multiple personalities
Authors: Maute Roy L. , Dalla‐Favera Riccardo , Basso Katia 
Published: August 2013

In the last decade, advances in sequencing technology and a renewed focus on the regulatory potential of RNA molecules have combined to stimulate an enormous expansion in the catalog of known eukaryotic RNAs. Beyond the sheer numerical diversity of RNA species, recent studies have begun to uncover hints of even greater functional complexity. An increasing number of RNA molecules, including those from classic, well‐studied classes, have been found to act in previously unanticipated regulatory roles, or as substrate for the biogenesis of functionally distinct RNA molecules, or both. Thus, these molecules can fulfill multiple, parallel functions, compounding the already rich landscape of RNA biology, and potentially connecting disparate biological regulatory networks in unexpected ways. In this article, we review recently discovered instances of RNA multifunctionality, with a particular focus on regulatory small RNAs. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:1–13. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1193This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Shifting From Laparotomy to Thoracoscopic Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonates: Early Experience
Authors: Nam So Hyun , Cho Min Jeong , Kim Dae Yeon , Kim Seong Chul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is now widely performed by pediatric surgeons. We compare our experience with this operation versus the results for a group of CDH patients treated by laparotomy at the same center over the same period.MethodsFrom January 2008 to December 2011, we reviewed the medical records of 50 neonates who underwent surgery for posterolateral CDH (34 by laparotomy, 16 by thoracoscopy). Two thoracoscopic operations (12.5 %) were converted to thoracotomy. Eight patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) underwent laparotomy.ResultsThere were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. Both nitric oxide (p = 0.13) and high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (p = 0.06) tended to be required more frequently in the laparotomy group than in the thoracoscopy group. A patch was applied to nine patients (five laparotomy, four thoracoscopy, p = 0.42). Mean operation time was longer for the thoracoscopy group, but not significantly so (p = 0.06). Times to feeding and lengths of hospital stays were similar, as were days of postoperative ventilator use and of total ventilator use. CDH recurred in two patients, both in the thoracoscopy group (p = 0.08), and intestinal obstruction occurred in five patients in the laparotomy group. Of eight patients who received ECMO treatment, only three survived.ConclusionsExcept in patients receiving ECMO treatment, thoracoscopic repair is useful and feasible regardless of defect size or need for patching. Operation time is longer, but cosmetic appearance is better and intestinal obstruction uppers to be less frequent. However, intensive training is needed to prevent the recurrence.
Is Mode of Presentation of B3 Breast Core Biopsies (Screen‐Detected or Symptomatic) a Distinguishing Factor in the Final Histopathologic Result or Risk of Diagnosis of Malignancy?
Authors: MacLean Gael M. , Courtney Stephen P. , Umeh Hilary , Sanjeev Siriathan , McCormick Colin , Smith Brendan M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe relation between histopathologic subclassification and mode of patient presentation (with a screen‐detected vs. symptomatic lesion) with an abnormality in the breast core biopsy classified as having uncertain malignant potential (B3) has not been previously examined. We compared the histopathologic subclassification of these lesions and the frequency of malignancy in screen‐detected and symptomatic patient groups.MethodsAll B3 core biopsies from one breast unit at the Royal Berkshire Hospital over a 5‐year period (2006–2010) were analyzed (n = 131). After dividing the B3 biopsies into screen‐detected and symptomatic groups, the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme histopathologic subclassification was used to further divide the groups into six subtypes. After surgery, a final diagnosis of invasive or in situ carcinoma was also noted.ResultsB3 classification comprised 3.8 % (131/3,440) of all core biopsies during that time period. There were 78 specimens from symptomatic (59 %) and 53 from screen‐detected (41 %) patients. There was no statistically significant difference between papillary and fibroepithelial diagnoses between the two groups (47 vs. 42 %, p = 0.59, NS). There was no difference between the groups for atypia, lobular neoplasia, or sclerosing lesions (49 vs. 51 %, p = 0.8, NS). Cancer was found in 20 % of the symptomatic patients and in 17 % of the screen‐detected group (p = 0.65, NS).ConclusionsMode of patient presentation (with a screen‐detected or symptomatic lesion) was not a distinguishing factor for breast histopathologic subclassification or for the final cancer diagnosis in patients whose breast core biopsy was classified as B3.
Single Dual‐Trained Surgeon for Breast Care Leads to Higher Reconstruction Rates After Mastectomy
Authors: Shaterian Ashkaun , Saba Salim C. , Yee Brittany , Tokin Christopher , Mailey Brian , Dobke Marek K. , Wallace Anne M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground
Breast reconstruction improves the quality of life for mastectomy patients but is underutilized in the United States. This study investigated reconstruction rates for a dual‐trained oncologic plastic surgeon to explore how provider‐based factors influence reconstruction.MethodsWe evaluated consecutive mastectomy patients treated at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center between 2009 and 2012. We identified mastectomy patients based on Current Procedural Terminology codes and evaluated them for patient‐ and disease‐specific variables. We evaluated reconstruction rates for the traditional team model of collaborating plastic and oncologic surgeons versus a single surgeon, dual trained in surgical breast oncology and plastic surgery. A multivariate regression analysis was then used to identify the significant predictors of reconstruction.ResultsMastectomy was performed in 344 patients. The surgeon group was a significant predictor of postmastectomy reconstruction (p < 0.05). The traditional team of oncologic and plastic surgeons reconstructed 93 (63.3 %) of 147 mastectomy patients, whereas the single dual‐trained surgeon reconstructed 140 (71.1 %) of 197 mastectomy patients. Race and insurance status did not influence the receipt of reconstruction in our single‐surgeon model, however, patients of older age [odds ratio (OR) 0.93, confidence interval (CI) 0.89–0.98, p < 0.01], higher body mass index (OR 0.89, CI 0.82–0.97, p < 0.01), or more advanced disease (p < 0.01) were less likely to undergo reconstruction.ConclusionsA single dual‐trained surgeon for breast care influences reconstruction rates. A dual‐trained surgeon increases the likelihood of reconstruction and obtains rates higher than previously reported. This may reflect the comprehensive care provided by a multidisciplinary‐trained professional. A single surgeon providing care in oncology and reconstruction represents a comprehensive approach to breast care and demonstrates a relationship between provider practice and breast reconstruction.
Awareness of Genetic Counseling and Perceptions of its Purpose: A Survey of the Canadian Public
Authors: Maio Melissa , Carrion Prescilla , Yaremco Elyse , Austin Jehannine C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGenetic counseling can result in better outcomes when clients understand what to expect, and at least theoretically, at some point in their lifespan, anyone could be referred for or benefit from genetic counseling. Thus, in order to identify (and ultimately address) issues around awareness of genetic counseling and perceptions of its purpose, we surveyed the Canadian general population. We acquired 1,000 telephone numbers corresponding to a demographically representative sample of Canada from Survey Sampling International, and invited individuals to participate in a telephone‐based survey. We administered a purpose‐designed survey (in either French or English) comprising questions regarding: demographics, whether or not the individual had heard of genetic counseling, and 15 Likert scale‐rated (strongly disagree—strongly agree) items about the possible purposes of genetic counseling. Responses to these 15 items were used to generate a total “knowledge score”. Of the 1,000 numbers, n = 372 could not be reached, and the survey was successfully administered to n = 188 individuals (response rate 30 %). Most respondents (n = 129, 69 %) had not heard of genetic counseling, and substantial proportions thought that genetic counseling aims to prevent genetic diseases and abnormalities, help couples have children with desirable characteristics, and help people to understand their ancestry. These data could be used to inform the strategy for development of future awareness efforts, and as a baseline from which to measure their effects.
EXTENSION OF FUNCTORS FOR ALGEBRAS OF FORMAL DEFORMATION
Authors: MARTINS ANA RITA , MONTEIRO FERNANDES TERESA , RAIMUNDO DAVID 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSuppose we are given complex manifoldsXandYtogether with substacks$\mathcal{S}$and$\mathcal{S}'$of modules over algebras of formal deformation$\mathcal{A}$onXand$\mathcal{A}'$onY, respectively. Also, suppose we are given a functor Φ from the category of open subsets ofXto the category of open subsets ofYtogether with a functorFof prestacks from$\mathcal{S}$to$\mathcal{S}'\circ\Phi$. Then we give conditions for the existence of a canonical functor, extension ofFto the category of coherent$\mathcal{A}$-modules such that the cohomology associated to the action of the formal parameter$\hbar$takes values in$\mathcal{S}$. We give an explicit construction and prove that when the initial functorFis exact on each open subset, so is its extension. Our construction permits to extend the functors of inverse image, Fourier transform, specialisation and micro-localisation, nearby and vanishing cycles in the framework of$\mathcal{D}[[\hbar]]$-modules. We also obtain the Cauchy–Kowalewskaia–Kashiwara theorem in the non-characteristic case as well as comparison theorems for regular holonomic$\mathcal{D}[[\hbar]]$-modules and a coherency criterion for proper direct images of good$\mathcal{D}[[\hbar]]$-modules.
ATaenia crassicepsmetacestode factor enhances ovarian follicle atresia and oocyte degeneration in female mice
Authors: Solano S. , Zepeda N. , Copitin N. , Fernandez A.M. , Tato P. , Molinari J.L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe histopathological effects ofTaenia crassicepsinfection orT. crassicepsmetacestode factor inoculation on the mouse ovary were determined using six female mice in three groups: infected mice, mice inoculated with the metacestode factor and control mice. The control group was subcutaneously inoculated with healthy peritoneal fluid. The infected group was intraperitoneally inoculated with 40T. crassicepsmetacestodes, and the metacestode factor group was subcutaneously inoculated withT. crassicepsmetacestode factor (MF). Light and electron microscopy and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) assays revealed a significant increase in ovarian follicular atresia (predominantly in antral/preovulatory stages of development), oocyte degeneration (P< 0.05), and a decrease in the amount of corpus luteum in follicles of mice infected and inoculated with MF compared with the control group. Significant abnormalities of the granulosa cells and oocytes of the primordial, primary and secondary ovarian follicles occurred in both treated mouse groups (P< 0.05) compared with no degeneration in the control group. These pathological changes in female mice either infected withT. crassicepsmetacestodes or inoculated withT. crassicepsMF may have consequences for ovulation and fertility.
Diet composition and food habits ofDiplodus puntazzo(Sparidae) from the Gulf of Gabès (Central Mediterranean)
Authors: Chaouch Houda , Hamida Olfa Ben Abdallah-Ben Hadj , Ghorbel Mohamed , Jarboui Othman 
Published: August 2013

The diet and feeding habits of the sharpsnout seabream,Diplodus puntazzo, from the Gulf of Gabès were investigated using stomach contents of 490 specimens ranging from 12.6 cm to 26.1 cm total length in size and from 29.95 g to 230.83 g in weight collected from commercial catches between April 2008 and March 2009. Of the total number of examined stomachs, 279 were empty (%VI = 56.94). This percentage varied significantly with months, attaining a maximum in spring (74.88%) and a minimum in autumn (37.38%). Eight major taxa were identified (Plantae, Spongia, Tunicata, Echinodermata, Crustacea, Annelida, Mollusca and Teleostei) in stomach contents ofD. puntazzo. Plants were the most important food source, constituting 89.88% of the total Index of relative importance. The other groups, such as teleosts, molluscs, crustaceans and annelids represented accessory food. Significant differences in diet were observed in relation to season. Plants were the most important food source item in all seasons, especially during the autumn. The estimation of trophic level gave an average of 2.57 ± 0.2 for the whole population ofD. puntazzoin the Gulf of Gabès. Based on the composition of its diet, this species may be considered as an omnivorous fish with a preference for vegetable material, and showing specialist feeding strategy.
Qualified to speak: Rush Rhees on the (vexed) subject of euthanasia
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kevin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe latest attempt by a determined, well-resourced lobby to introduce a law to permit assisted suicide/euthanasia in the UK was announced 15 May 2013 in the House of Lords. There are many dangerous facets to their arguments, not least of which is the rôle they cast for doctors in this debate.Rush Rhees' remarks on the topic display a depth that is lacking in the current debate in the public square, which needs to be lifted from its current low level.I try to show inter alia why the question of who is ‘qualified to speak’ in this deep moral dilemma is important (doctors are not special moral agents); why resistance is vital against a law, which must be general, permitting assisted suicide/euthanasia (‘hard cases’ make notoriously bad law which can have catastrophic consequences); how one group of (non-disabled) people judging another group of (disabled) people as candidates for elimination, is based on the false notion that a disabled life is ‘not worth living’; that so many of the deep moral questions raised by assisted suicide/euthanasia are not even considered in the contemporary impoverished public debate.
Collimation of hot electron beams by external field from magnetic-flux compression
Authors: Gu Yuqiu , Yu Jinqing , Zhou Weimin , Wu Fengjuan , Wang Jian , Liu Hongjie , Cao Leifeng , Zhang Baohan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion, hot electron beam is considered to be an appropriate energy source for ignition. However, hot electrons are divergent as they are transporting in over-dense plasma. So collimating the hot electrons becomes one of the most important issues in fast ignition. A method to collimate hot electron beam by external magnetic field is proposed in this paper. The external field can be generated by compressing a seed magnetic field at the stage of laser-driven implosion. This method is confirmed by particle-in-cell simulations. The results show that hot electrons are well collimated by external magnetic field from magnetic-flux compression.
Social Position and Frailty
Authors: St. John Philip D. , Montgomery Patrick R. , Tyas Suzanne L. 
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉCette étude visait à déterminer (1) si des mesures de position sociale sont associées à la fragilité, (2) si une association observée entre la position sociale et la fragilité est un effet de seuil ou de gradient, et (3) si une relation observée est indépendante des facteurs de confusion possibles. Les données ont été tirées d’un échantillon de 1 751 adultes, habitants des communautés, âgés de 65 ans et plus, habitant la province canadienne de Manitoba en 1991. On a utilisé, comme mesures de la position sociale l’éducation, et la suffisance et la satisfaction du revenu selon auto-évaluation personnelle. La précarité a été classée selon la perte fontionnelle, la cognition et l’incontinence urinaire. Des analyses de régressions multiples ont révelés, après ajustement pour les facteurs possibles de confusion, que toutes les mesures de la position sociale étaient fortement associées à la fragilité par gradient d’effet, plutôt que d’effet de seuil. Nous concluons que les gradients sociaux de la fragilité sont présents chez les adultes âgés, même si un mécanisme causatif n’est pas encore clair.
Determinants of Health in Discharge Planning for Seniors: Asking the Right Questions
Authors: MacNaughton-Doucet Lisa J. 
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉLes praticiens sont encouragés à envisager un changement de perspective philosophie sur la façon dont les équipes interdisciplinaires interrogent les personnes âgées et leurs soignants au cours du processus de la sortie de l’hôpital. Les équipes engagées dans le planification des congés de l’hôpital peuvent commencer systematiquement à poser des questions qui vont au-delà du mise au point médical traditionnel sur les prescriptions, la réhabilitation et les soins, s’ils sont engagés dans un cadre de la décharge englobant attention aux déterminants sociaux de la santé. Une telle approche pourrait révéler les points forts et aussi pourrait exposer les inégalités sanitaires et sociales que les aînés doivent confronter en arrivant chez eux. Cette information peut ouvrir une porte d’entrée reliant les personnes âgées aux ressources sociales et économiques qui les soutiennes afin qu’elles puissent rester en bonne santé et productives.
Decadal timescale variability in ecosystem properties in the ponds of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Hawes Ian , Howard-Williams Clive , Sorrell Brian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMeltwater ponds are important biodiversity elements in continental Antarctica. Many occupy closed basins and are vulnerable to changes in the balance between water accrual, through melting of ice and snow, and water loss by ablation and evaporation. We use a two-decade long record of ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf to assess temporal variability in key limnological variables. Ponds underwent many-fold change in biologically conservative variables, such as conductivity, and changes were similar in ponds from different catchments but of comparable area. In contrast, biologically active variables (pH, inorganic nutrients and planktonic/benthic biomass) are buffered by in-pond processes and show consistency between years and no coherence across catchments. Coherent behaviour across catchments implies an overarching, climatic effect. However, we could identify no signature of summer air temperature or irradiance in pond dynamics, although winter snow deposition may leave a legacy of low conductivity to the following summer. While ponds are clearly affected by climate, our data show that ecosystem responses are complex and highlight the need for system-appropriate, long-term observation if directional environmental change is to be separated from inherent variability in systems that respond to multiple climatic variables and which have significant biological buffering capacity.
Iran's Disaster Risk: Now is the Time for Community-based Public Health Preparedness
Authors: Ardalan Ali , Mowafi Hani , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Bandar Bushehr, Iran earthquake of April 9, 2013 gravely illustrates how disaster-prone areas of the world are compounding their risk of disaster and major public health emergencies when there is a geographical convergence of natural and technological hazards. Scientists must emphasize to policy makers that ever-increasing regional industrialization and the broader introduction of nuclear facilities, especially in the Middle East, must parallel sound prevention and community-level public health preparedness planning.ArdalanA, MowafiH, BurkleFM, Jr. Iran's disaster risk: now is the time for community-based public health preparedness. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-2.
Erratum: Global marine bacterial diversity peaks at high latitudes in winter
Authors: Ladau Joshua , Sharpton Thomas J , Finucane Mariel M , Jospin Guillaume , Kembel Steven W , O’Dwyer James , Koeppel Alexander F , Green Jessica L , Pollard Katherine S 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal advance online publication, 21 March 2013; doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.37 Since the online publication of this article, the authors have noticed that a supplementary file has not been included with the paper. The supplementary file (Supplementary file 4) has now been included, and appears alongside the online version of the original article.
Transgenic mouse model for the study of enterovirus 71 neuropathogenesis
Authors: Fujii Ken , Nagata Noriyo , Sato Yuko , Ong Kien Chai , Wong Kum Thong , Yamayoshi Seiya , Shimanuki Midori , Shitara Hiroshi , Taya Choji , Koike Satoshi 
Published: August 2013

Significance
EV71 infection with severe neurological complications has become a serious public health concern. However, suitable small animal models to study human EV71 pathogenesis are not available. We have generated a Tg mouse model by expressing the human EV71 receptor, Scavenger receptor B2, and found it to be susceptible to EV71 infection. This Tg mouse model exhibits neurological disease and pathology very similar to that observed in humans. The results confirm that the Scavenger receptor B2 receptor is important for EV71 infection in vivo. Further development of this new small animal model should greatly contribute toward investigation of EV71 pathogenesis and development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
Low levels of copper disrupt brain amyloid-β homeostasis by altering its production and clearance
Authors: Singh Itender , Sagare Abhay P. , Coma Mireia , Perlmutter David , Gelein Robert , Bell Robert D. , Deane Richard J. , Zhong Elaine , Parisi Margaret , Ciszewski Joseph , Kasper R. Tristan , Deane Rashid 
Published: August 2013

Significance
The causes of the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are unknown. In this study we show that copper (Cu) critically regulates low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1–mediated Aβ clearance across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in normal mice. Faulty Aβ clearance across the BBB due to increased Cu levels in the aging brain vessels may lead to accumulation of neurotoxic Aβ in brains. In a mouse model of AD low levels of Cu also influences Aβ production and neuroinflammation. Our study suggests that Cu may also increase the severity of AD.
Two distinct forms of functional lateralization in the human brain
Authors: Gotts Stephen J. , Jo Hang Joon , Wallace Gregory L. , Saad Ziad S. , Cox Robert W. , Martin Alex 
Published: August 2013

Significance
This study alters our fundamental understanding of the functional interactions between the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain by establishing that the left and right hemispheres have qualitatively different biases in how they dynamically interact with one another. Left-hemisphere regions are biased to interact more strongly within the same hemisphere, whereas right-hemisphere regions interact more strongly with both hemispheres. These two different patterns of interaction are associated with left-lateralized functions, such as language and motor abilities, and right-lateralized functions, such as visuospatial attention. Importantly, the magnitude of lateralization measured for individual participants in these regions predicted the level of cognitive ability for the respective function, demonstrating that lateralization of function is associated with improved cognitive ability.