bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic substitution does not seem to affect adherence negatively in elderly polypharmacy patients
Authors: Olesen Charlotte , Harbig Philipp , Barat Ishay , Damsgaard Else Marie 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the association between generic substitutions and medication adherence in elderly patients with prescribed polypharmacy.MethodsOur study included 672 patients aged 65+ years, living at home in the municipality of Aarhus (Denmark), who at the time of enrolment took at least five prescription drugs daily including both short‐term and long‐term treatment independently of kind of administration route but without assistance. In this paper, only oral drugs for long‐term treatment are included in the analysis resulting in median of three drugs per patient.Adherence was assessed by pill counts. Patients with a mean adherence rate <80% across all oral drugs consumed for long‐term treatment were categorised as non‐adherent.The number of generic substitutions during 1 year was retrieved from the National Health Insurance prescription database. Each change in either a drug's or a manufacturer's name was regarded as a substitution. The association between generic substitution and the mean adherence rate to all drugs was analysed by contingency table analyses and a trend test.ResultsDuring 1 year, at least one substitution was experienced by 83.6% of patients (n = 562). Patients non‐adherent to long‐term oral treatment (n = 46) amounted to 8% of all patients who experienced substitutions. Amongst 110 elderly patients (16.4%) who did not experience substitutions, 16% were non‐adherent (odds ratio 0.46; 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.82).ConclusionAs generic substitution in elderly patients undergoing polypharmacy appears not to affect adherence to long‐term drug treatment negatively, there seems to be no obvious reason for avoiding generic substitution in such patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Writing to Learn by Learning to Write During the School Science Laboratory: Helping Middle and High School Students Develop Argumentative Writing Skills as They Learn Core Ideas
Authors: SAMPSON VICTOR , ENDERLE PATRICK , GROOMS JONATHON , WITTE SHELBIE 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examined how students’ science‐specific argumentative writing skills and understanding of core ideas changed over the course of a school year as they participated in a series of science laboratories designed using the Argument‐Driven Inquiry (ADI) instructional model. The ADI model is a student‐centered and writing‐intensive approach to laboratory instruction. The study was conducted in two middle school and two high school courses offered at a university‐affiliated laboratory school located in the southeast USA. The intervention took place over two semesters and consisted of at least eight laboratory activities in each course. Student learning gains were measured using a science content assessment and a science‐specific argumentative writing assessment that were administered at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year. Changes in student performance on the two assessments over time indicate that the students’ science‐specific argumentative writing skills and their understanding of core scientific ideas improved over the course of intervention. Furthermore, students who participated in a greater number of ADI activities demonstrated greater and more consistent improvement in their writing. The implications of the study describe ways to enhance students’ science proficiencies during school science laboratories and include recommendations for future research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:643–670, 2013
The Gay Men Sex Studies: Anodyspareunia Among Belgian Gay Men
Authors: Vansintejan Johan , Vandevoorde Jan , Devroey Dirk 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Anal intercourse is commonly associated with male homosexuality, but not all gay males engage in anal sex. Receptive anal intercourse can cause pain. Little is known about this sexual dysfunction.

Aim
This study aims to determine the 4-week incidence of anodyspareunia (AD) in a sample of Belgian men who have sex with men (MSM) population and to assess the relevance of possible predictors such as age, relationship, and sexual behavior.

Methods
An internet-based survey on sexual behavior and sexual dysfunctions, called GAy MEn Sex StudieS, was administered to the MSM aged 18 years or older, between April and December 2008. A part of the questionnaire was focusing on anal eroticism. The participants, who self-reported being human immunodeficiency virus-positive or not having anal intercourse, were excluded.

Main Outcome Measure
Female Sexual Function Index questions on pain domain adapted for anal intercourse.

Results
A total of 1,752 Belgian MSM completed the questionnaire. Of the 1,190 (68%) participants who reported engaging in receptive anal sex in the last 4 weeks, 59% indicated having some degree of anal pain during and after sexual intercourse. For 44%, the level of pain was acceptable. Mild AD was reported by 32%, 17% had mild to moderate AD, 4% had moderate AD, and 2% had severe AD. Independent predictors for the presence of AD were age, having a steady relationship, frequency of sex with their partner, number of sex partners, number of sex partners at the same time, and massaging the anal sphincter before anal sex. The prevalence and severity of AD among the MSM were lower among older participants, the MSM who more frequently had sex with their partner, and participants with a higher number of sex partners. Inadequate lubrication and lack of oral or digitoproctic stimulation prior to penetration were the most important factors predicting pain. Unsafe anal sex was performed by 28%.

Conclusion
One-third of the participants reported not engaging in receptive nor penetrative anal sex. The 59% of participating Belgian MSM, who had anal receptive intercourse, reported some degree of AD. These findings highlight the need for more education about anal eroticism for MSM, and more research into AD is needed.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of a Salamo‐type Tetradentate Chelating Ligand and Its Pentacoordinated Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Dong Wen‐Kui , Wang Zheng‐Kun , Li Gang , Zhao Meng‐Meng , Dong Xiu‐Yan , Liu Sen‐Hua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA Salamo‐type ligand 6,6′‐diethoxy‐2,2′‐[1,1′‐(ethylenedioxydinitrilo)dimethylidyne]diphenol (H2L) and its pentacoordinate copper(II) complex [CuL(H2O)] were synthesized and structurally characterized. The molecule of H2L is located in a crystallographic inversion center and adopts E configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the complex [CuL(H2O)], the CuII atom has a tetragonally elongated square‐pyramidal configuration with donor atoms N2O2 forming a perfect basal plane. And an infinite 2D layer supramolecular structure is formed through intermolecular C1–H1A···O5 and C2–H2A···O3 hydrogen bonding interactions.
A Comparative Study of the Solution Behavior of Iodotrimethylplatinum(IV) Complexes of Pyridines
Authors: Nath Ghosh Biswa , Hausmann Heike , Serafin Michael , Lentz Dieter , Schlecht Sabine 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIodotrimethylplatinum(IV) forms the complexes [PtMe3L2I] [L = 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (4‐DMAP), 3‐bromopyridine (3‐BrPy), and 4‐cyanopyridine (4‐CNPy)] in good yield on treatment with substituted pyridines. The 1H NMR spectrum of [PtMe3(4‐DMAP)2I] (1) in CDCl3 shows no dissociation of the monomeric unit, while both the complexes [PtMe3(3‐BrPy)2I] (2) and [PtMe3(4‐CNPy)2I] (3) undergo dissociation in CDCl3 to a different extent to form the dimeric complexes [{PtMe3(3‐BrPy)I}2] and [{PtMe3(4‐CNPy)I}2], respectively. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined to investigate the binding situation of these mononuclear trimethylplatinum(IV) complexes of pyridines.
Rural parents' messages to their adolescent sons and daughters to leave their home communities
Authors: Tucker Corinna Jenkins , Sharp Erin Hiley , Stracuzzi Nena F. , Van Gundy Karen T. , Rebellon Cesar 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe perceptions of 354 seventh and eleventh graders regarding the frequency and nature of their rural parents' messages to them and their closest‐in‐age sibling to leave their home communities after high school were explored. Survey data showed that almost half (54%) perceived that their parents encouraged them and/or their closest‐in‐age sibling to leave the area and about 19% of that group reported that their parents' messages to leave were inconsistent between them and their closest sibling. Parents' messages did not differ by youths' sex or age. Consistency of parents' messages between siblings was associated with youths' well‐being, family relationship experiences, and future residential preferences. Semi‐structured interviews with a subsample of seventh graders and their mothers highlighted parents' and youths' perspectives on parents' messages. This work highlights the familial processes associated with youth future planning and extends the current work on parents' differential treatment of siblings.
Oral etoposide and oral prednisone for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Ping , Yao Xu‐Dong , Zhang Shi‐Lin , Dai Bo , Zhang Hai‐Liang , Shen Yi‐Jun , Zhu Yao , Shi Guo‐Hai , Lin Guo‐Wen , Ye Ding‐Wei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTreatment options for patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are limited. The purpose of our study was to investigate the safety and efficacy in terms of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response of a low‐dose oral combination of etoposide and prednisone in patients with CRPC. Thirty‐nine patients with prostate cancer (median age, 77.9 years) with progressive disease after standard hormonal therapy were enrolled. Etoposide (25 mg, twice daily) and prednisone (5 mg, twice daily) were administered orally. Each cycle comprised 21 consecutive days of treatment followed by a 7‐day drug holiday. All patients previously treated with an antiandrogen were required to undergo antiandrogen withdrawal prior to entry into the study. A total of 226 cycles were administered with a median of 6.7 cycles per patient (range, 1–18 cycles). Sixteen of 39 patients (41%) with elevated PSA levels at baseline achieved at least a 50% reduction in PSA levels. Median progression‐free survival for all patients was 5.9 months (range, 1–17 months). No Grade 4 toxicities were observed. The predominant toxicities were mucositis, nausea, fatigue, and anemia in twelve, nine, eight, and seven patients, respectively. Hematologic toxicity was infrequent, with no episodes of febrile neutropenia. The combination of low‐dose etoposide and prednisone is an efficacious and reasonably well‐tolerated oral regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with CRPC. This regimen can be easily administered in an outpatient setting and does not require frequent patient visits.
Appointed political staffs and the diversification of policy advisory sources: Theory and evidence from Canada
Authors: Craft Jonathan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAppointed political staffs were featured in the initial elaboration of the ‘policy advisory systems’ (PAS) model yet have received considerably less attention than other components. This article revisits the PAS model and argues that political staffs engage in important procedural advisory activities masked by the PAS focus on location and control. The principle contention being that political staffs influence within advisory systems may also be a product of their procedural brokerage of other sources of policy advice. The article advances a conceptual framework to understand political staffs brokerage as ‘bridging’. Setting out ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ forms that can be arrayed along ‘administrative-technical’ and ‘partisan-political’ types. A Canadian sub-national case study is examined using the framework revealing variance in the type and nature of bridging based on institutional location of political staffs and the specific brokerage tasks they undertake. First minister's office bridging is found to be considerably more limited than that undertaken by minister's office political staffs, particularly in relation to the bridging of exogenous sources of policy advice. The framework and empirical findings enrich the policy advisory systems literature by demonstrating the importance of coupling spatial considerations with attention to the actual tasks of advisory system members. Additionally, highlighting the importance of procedural policy advisory brokerage as a source of influence within advisory systems.
Measurements of the budgets of the subgrid-scale stress and temperature flux in a convective atmospheric surface layer
Authors: Nguyen Khuong X. , Horst Thomas W. , Oncley Steven P. , Tong Chenning 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe dynamics of the subgrid-scale (SGS) stress and scalar flux in the convective atmospheric surface layer are studied through the budgets of the SGS turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), the SGS stress and the SGS temperature flux using field measurements from the Advection Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (AHATS). The array technique, which employs sensor arrays to perform filter operations to obtain the SGS velocity and temperature, is extended to include pressure sensors to measure the fluctuating pressure, enabling separation of the resolvable- and subgrid-scale pressure, and therefore for the first time allowing for measurement of the pressure covariance terms and the full SGS budgets. The non-dimensional forms of the SGS budget terms are obtained as functions of the stability parameter$z/ L$and the ratio of the wavelength of the spectral peak of the vertical velocity to the filter width,${\Lambda }_{w} / {\Delta }_{f} $. The results show that the SGS TKE budget is a balance among the production, transport and dissipation. The SGS shear stress budget and the SGS temperature flux budgets are dominated by the production and pressure destruction, with the latter causing return to isotropy. The budgets of the SGS normal stress components are more complex. Most notably the pressure–strain-rate correlation includes two competing processes, return to isotropy and generation of anisotropy, the latter due to ground blockage of the large convective eddies. For neutral surface layers, return to isotropy dominates. For unstable surface layers return to isotropy dominates for small filter widths, whereas for large filter widths the ground blockage effect dominates, resulting in strong anisotropy. The results in the present study, particularly for the pressure–strain-rate correlation, have strong implications for modelling the SGS stress and flux using their transport equations in the convective atmospheric boundary layer.
Role of coherent structures in multiple self-similar states of turbulent planar wakes
Authors: Hickey Jean-Pierre , Hussain Fazle , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study the nature of archetypal, incompressible, planar splitter-plate wakes, specifically the effects of the exit boundary layer state on multiple approximate self-similarity. Temporally developing direct numerical simulations, at a Reynolds number of 1500 based on the volume-flux defect, are performed to investigate three distinct wake evolution scenarios: Kelvin–Helmholtz transition, bypass transition in an asymmetric wake, and an initially fully turbulent wake. The differences in the evolution and far-wake statistics are analysed in detail. The individual approximately self-similar states exhibit a relative variation of up to 48 % in the spread rate, in second-order statistics, and in peak values of the energy budget terms. The multiplicity of self-similar states is tied to the non-universality of the large-scale coherent structures. These structures maintain the memory of the initial conditions. In the far wake, two distinct spanwise-coherent motions are identified: (i) staggered, segregated spanwise rollers on either side of the centreplane, dominant in wakes transitioning via anti-symmetric instability modes; and, (ii) larger spanwise rollers spanning across the centreplane, emerging in the absence of a near-wake characteristic length scale. The latter structure is characterized by strong spanwise coherence, cross-wake velocity correlations and a larger entrainment rate caused by deep pockets of irrotational fluid within the folds of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface. The mid-sized structures, primarily vortical rods, are generic for all initial conditions and are inclined at ∼$\pm 3{3}^{\circ } $ to the downstream, shallower than the preferential $\pm 4{5}^{\circ } $ inclination of the vorticity vector. The spread rate is driven by the inner-wake dynamics, more specifically the advective flux of spanwise vorticity across the centreplane, which depends on the large-scale coherent structures.
Riccati-less approach for optimal control and estimation: an application to two-dimensional boundary layers
Authors: Semeraro Onofrio , Pralits Jan O. , Rowley Clarence W. , Henningson Dan S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe control of Tollmien–Schlichting waves in a two-dimensional boundary layer is analysed using numerical simulations. Full-dimensional optimal controllers are used in combination with a setup of spatially localized inputs (actuator and disturbance) and outputs (sensors). The adjoint of the direct-adjoint (ADA) algorithm, recently proposed by Pralits & Luchini (In Seventh IUTAM Symposium on Laminar–Turbulent Transition (ed. P. Schlatter & D. S. Henningson), vol. 18, 2010, Springer), is used to efficiently compute an optimal controller known as a linear quadratic regulator; the method is iterative and allows one to bypass the solution of the corresponding Riccati equation, which is infeasible for high-dimensional systems. We show that an analogous iteration can be made for the estimation problem; the dual algorithm is referred to as adjoint of the adjoint-direct (AAD). By combining the solutions of the estimation and control problem, full-dimensional linear quadratic Gaussian controllers are obtained and used for the attenuation of the disturbances arising in the boundary layer flow. The full-dimensional controllers turn out to be an excellent benchmark for evaluating the performance of the optimal control/estimation design based on reduced-order models. We show under which conditions the two strategies are in perfect agreement by focusing on the issues arising when feedback configurations are considered. An analysis of the finite-amplitude disturbances is also carried out by addressing the limitations of the optimal controllers, the role of the estimation, and the robustness to the nonlinearities arising in the flow of the control design.
Effectiveness and safety of orally administered immunotherapy for food allergies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nurmatov Ulugbek , Devereux Graham , Worth Allison , Healy Laura , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: August 2013

The aim of using oral and sublingual immunotherapy with food allergies is to enable the safe consumption of foods containing these allergens in patients with food allergies. In the present study, a systematic review of intervention studies was undertaken; this involved the searching of eleven international databases for controlled clinical trials. We identified 1152 potentially relevant papers, from which we selected twenty-two reports of twenty-one eligible trials (i.e. eighteen randomised controlled trials and three controlled clinical trials). The meta-analysis revealed a substantially lower risk of reactions to the relevant food allergen in those receiving orally administered immunotherapy (risk ratios (RR) 0·21, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·38). The meta-analysis of immunological data demonstrated that skin prick test responses to the relevant food allergen significantly decreased with immunotherapy (mean difference − 2·96 mm, 95 % CI − 4·48, − 1·45), while allergen-specific IgG4 levels increased by an average of 19·9 (95 % CI 17·1, 22·6) μg/ml. Sensitivity analyses excluding studies at the highest risk of bias and subgroup analyses in relation to specific food allergens and treatment approaches generated comparable summary estimates of effectiveness and immunological changes. Pooling of the safety data revealed an increased risk of local (i.e. minor oropharyngeal/gastrointestinal) adverse reactions with immunotherapy (RR 1·47, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·95); there was a non-significant increased average risk of systemic adverse reactions with immunotherapy (RR 1·08, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·19). There is strong evidence that orally administered immunotherapy can induce immunomodulatory changes and thereby promote desensitisation to a range of foods. However, given the paucity of evidence on longer-term safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, orally administered immunotherapy should not be used outside experimental conditions presently.
Accuracy of flexible versus rigid laryngoscopic photo-documentation in the diagnosis of early glottic cancer
Authors: Makki F M , Hilal A , Fung E , Hart R , Taylor S M , Brown T 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:To compare the image quality provided by rigid laryngoscopes versus flexible distal-chip laryngoscopes when documenting the same laryngeal pathology.Methods:This paper reports a prospective single-blind study. Ten early stage glottic cancer cases were selected. Photographs of the pathologies were taken using both rigid and flexible distal-chip laryngoscopes (a total of 20 photographs). Nineteen clinicians were asked to review the laryngoscopic photographs; the clinicians were provided with a worksheet, which included questions regarding the clinical description, photograph quality and overall satisfaction with the images obtained. Clinicians' responses to the worksheet questions were then analysed.Results:The overall accuracy rate for lesion sidedness, anatomical sub-site involvement, anterior commissure involvement and tumour staging were 94.7 per cent, 46.6 per cent, 53.7 per cent and 47.1 per cent respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of the accuracy rates, photograph quality or overall satisfaction with the photographs obtained by either modality.Conclusion:There were no statistically significant differences demonstrated in overall clinical accuracy or perceived image quality between the use of the rigid or flexible endoscopes when interpreting images of early glottic cancer.
Super rogue waves in ultracold neutral nonextensive plasmas
Authors: EL-TANTAWY S. A. , EL-BEDWEHY N. A. , MOSLEM W. M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe generation of ion-acoustic rogue waves in ultracold neutral plasmas (UNPs) composed of ion fluids and nonextensive electron distribution is investigated. For this purpose, basic equations are reduced to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) using a reductive perturbation technique. The existence region for the rogue waves defined precisely in terms of the critical wavenumber threshold kc. It is found that increasing the nonextensive parameter q would lead to a decrease of kc until q approaches to its critical value qc, then further increase of q beyond qc enhances kc; however, kc shrinks with the increase of the ions effective temperature ratio σ∗. The dependence of the first- and second-order rational solutions profile on the UNP parameters is numerically examined. It is noticed that near to the critical nonextensive parameter qc, the rogue wave amplitude becomes smaller, but it enhances whenever we stepped away from qc. However, the enhancement of the temperature ratio σ∗ and the wavenumber k reduces the envelope rogue wave amplitudes.