bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcutaneous Treatment with Vetdrop® Sustains the Adjacent Cartilage in a Microfracturing Joint Defect Model in Sheep
Authors: Sidler M , Fouché N , Meth I , von Hahn F , von Rechenberg B , Kronen PW 
Published: March 2013

The significance of the adjacent cartilage in cartilage defect healing is not yet completely understood. Furthermore, it is unknown if the adjacent cartilage can somehow be influenced into responding after cartilage damage. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the adjacent cartilage can be better sustained after microfracturing in a cartilage defect model in the stifle joint of sheep using a transcutaneous treatment concept (Vetdrop®).Carprofen and chito-oligosaccharids were added either as single components or as a mixture to a vehicle suspension consisting of a herbal carrier oil in a water-in-oil phase. This mixture was administered onto the skin with the aid of a specific applicator during 6 weeks in 28 sheep, allocated into 6 different groups, that underwent microfracturing surgery either on the left or the right medial femoral condyle. Two groups served as control and were either treated intravenously or sham treated with oxygen only. Sheep were sacrificed and their medial condyle histologically evaluated qualitatively and semi-quantitatively according to 4 different scoring systems (Mankin, ICRS, Little and O’Driscoll).The adjacent cartilage of animals of group 4 treated transcutaneously with vehicle, chito-oligosaccharids and carprofen had better histological scores compared to all the other groups (Mankin 3.3±0.8, ICRS 15.7±0.7, Little 9.0±1.4).Complete defect filling was absent from the transcutaneous treatment groups.The experiment suggests that the adjacent cartilage is susceptible to treatment and that the combination of vehicle, chitooligosaccharids and carprofen may sustain the adjacent cartilage during the recovery period.
The Effect of Evidence Strength and Internal Rewards on Intentions to Report Fraud in the Dodd-Frank Regulatory Environment
Authors: Brink Alisa G. , Lowe D. Jordan , Victoravich Lisa M. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARY:
There are many unanswered questions and concerns regarding the consequences of the fraud whistleblowing environment created by the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and Dodd-Frank Acts. While SOX requires audit committees to implement anonymous internal reporting channels, the Dodd-Frank Act offers substantial monetary incentives that encourage reporting to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). To mitigate concerns that employees might bypass internal channels, some companies are considering offering internal whistleblowing incentives. However, it is unclear how internal incentives will affect employee whistleblowing behavior. We experimentally examine the impact of an internal incentive on employees' intentions to report fraud. Across treatments, we find a greater likelihood of reporting internally than to the SEC. Evidence strength interacts with the presence of an internal incentive such that SEC reporting intentions are greatest when evidence is strong and an internal incentive is present. When evidence is weak, the presence of an internal incentive decreases SEC reporting intentions.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from the authors upon request.
Release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliance: An in vitro study in continuous flow system
Authors: Mikulewicz Marcin , Chojnacka Katarzyna , Wołowiec Paulina 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:
A new system for in vitro testing of dental materials was constructed and consisted of a thermostatic glass reactor that enabled immersion of the studied material. Experimental conditions reflected the human oral cavity, with a temperature of 37°C and a saliva flow rate of 0.5mL/min. The simulated fixed orthodontic appliance made of stainless steel was evaluated. Sampling was performed at several time points during the 28-day study, and the metal ion concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.

Results:
The total mass of released metal ions from the appliance during 4 weeks of the experiment was as follows nickel 18.7 μg, chromium 5.47 μg, copper 31.3 μg.

Conclusions:
The estimated doses of nickel, chromium, and copper determined by extrapolation of experimental data released during the treatment period were far below the toxic dose to humans. This shows that orthodontic treatment might not be a significant source of exposure to these metal ions.
Prion protein and its role in signal transduction
Authors: Didonna Alessandro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrion diseases are a class of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that can be sporadic, genetic or iatrogenic. They are characterized by the unique nature of their etiologic agent: prions (PrPSc). A prion is an infectious protein with the ability to convert the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrPC) into new prion molecules by acting as a template. Since Stanley B. Prusiner proposed the “protein-only” hypothesis for the first time, considerable effort has been put into defining the role played by PrPC in neurons. However, its physiological function remains unclear. This review summarizes the major findings that support the involvement of PrPC in signal transduction.
Catalytic gasification of pyrolytic oil from tire pyrolysis process
Authors: Gašparovič Lukáš , Šugár Lukáš , Jelemenský Ľudovít , Markoš Jozef 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe present work deals with thermo-catalytic decomposition of pyrolytic oil from the scrap tire pyrolysis process. Such oil can be used as a model tar in an experimental study of tar removal from pyrolysis or gasification process gas. Several experiments under different conditions were carried out in order to determine conditions of the gasification and pyrolysis processes. Influence of the oil to steam ratio, temperature, and of the presence of dolomite catalyst was studied. Addition of water steam has positive effect on the hydrogen content in the outgoing process gas as well as on the conversion of the injected oil. The catalytic gasification experiment in a quasi steady state produced process gas with the composition: 61 mole % of H2, 6.4 mole % of CO, and 11.7 mole % of CH4. At temperatures lower than 800°C, the amount of process gas decreased resulting also in a decrease of the oil conversion. A comparison of gasification experiments using fresh calcined dolomite with experiments proceeding with regenerated dolomite was done under the same conditions. There was a decrease in the process gas volumetric flow when regenerated catalyst was used.
Multi-Level Analysis of Authentic Leadership from a Turkish Consruction Engineers Perspective
Authors: Özkan Semra , Ceylan Adnan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Authentic leaders are leaders who when called upon by the hand of fate, will be the ones who take a stand that changes the course of history for others, be they organizations, departments or just other individuals (May, Chan, Hodges & Avolio, 2003). That’s the answer of why authentic leadership? In this study we explore authentic leadership in Turkey from a multilevel perspective. We used the authentic leadership measure developed by Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing and Peterson in 2008. We also tested the generalizability and validity of the AL measure in a different cultural context.
Protective role of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 on oxidative stress, hematological and enzymatic parameters in cadmium toxicity induced rat model
Authors: Dwivedi Vivek Kumar , Bhatanagar Anuj , Chaudhary Manu 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
We investigated the protective role of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 (Elores) on hematological, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymatic activities and Cd levels in the blood and tissues of cadmium exposed rats. Twenty-four male rats were divided into three groups of eight rats each. The control group received distilled water whereas group II received CdCl2 (1.5 mg/4 ml/body weight) through gastric gavage for 21 days. Group III received CdCl2 and was treated with ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 for 21 days. The hematological, biochemical, lipid per-oxidation levels and enzymatic parameters were measured in plasma and tissues (brain, liver and kidney) of all groups. The Cd, Zn and Fe levels were measured in blood and tissues of all groups. Our findings showed significantly decreased cadmium (p<0.001), malonaldialdehyde (p<0.001) and myloperoxidase (MPO) levels along with significantly increased hemoglobin (p<0.01), RBC (p<0.05), hematocrit (p<0.05) levels and all antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx) in plasma and tissues of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 treated group as compared to cadmium exposed group. Delta aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity was significantly (p<0.001) increased in the blood of ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 treated group as compared with cadmium exposed group. The levels of hepatic and renal parameters were significantly (p<0.001) decreased in ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 treated group as compared to cadmium exposed group. These findings indicate that ceftriaxone plus sulbactam with VRP1034 acts as a potent free radical scavenger and exhibits metal chelating properties that reduce free radical mediated tissue injury and prevent dysfunction of hepatic and renal organs during metal intoxication.
Assessment of genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of an aqueous extract of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala in in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Charoensin Suphachai , Taya Sirinya , Wongpornchai Sugunya , Wongpoomchai Rawiwan 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, an edible fruit found in Northern Thailand, contains high amounts of phenolic compounds with invitro antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract of the ripe fruit was evaluated for its safety and beneficial effects using genotoxicity and toxicity tests. The C. nervosum extract was not only non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, but exhibited also moderate antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1 and 2-amino- 3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline-induced mutagenesis. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analysis revealed the major anthocyanins, which included cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-5-glucoside. The administration of C.nervosum at concentration of 5,000 mg/kg bw did not induce acute toxicity in rats. A liver micronucleus test was performed to detect clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity. The extract in the dose of 1,000 mg/kg did not cause micronucleus formation in the liver of rats. Furthermore, in rats administered 100-1,000 mg/kg of the extract, no anticlastogenic effect against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic micronucleus formation was observed. These studies provide data concerning the safety and antimutagenic potency of an aqueous extract of C. nervosum fruit.
A Far-reaching Shift in Argumentation: Parliamentary Debates on (post-)socialist Agricultural Cooperatives in the 1990s
Authors: Lindbloom Jana 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The debate as to whether Slovak post-socialist agricultural cooperatives are cooperatives or not represents one of the focal points of their post-1989 development. The answer to this question determined and/or legitimized the rationale for the legislative framework concerning their post-socialist transformation. This analysis draws mainly on data from the parliamentary debates that preceded the enactment of three pivotal laws. In comparing the debates in 1991/1992 and 1995, the examination focuses on the shift in the argumentation put forward by representatives speaking on behalf of cooperative farms. A dramatic shift in reasoning about the character of cooperative enterprises and appropriate voting rights is interpreted as a pragmatic, effect-oriented action. It is argued that both delicate work with the hybrid nature of post-socialist cooperative farms as well as the initial withholding of cooperative principles contributed to the preservation of the specific kinds of agricultural cooperative, and consequently also large corporate farm, which now exist in Slovakia.
Amino acids content and basic chemical composition of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) meat
Authors: Cygan-Szczegielniak D. , Janicki B. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of roe deer meat considering the animals’ sex and age and to estimate the content of amino acids in the meat from two selected groups of the animals, i.e. 2-3-year-old males and females. A further goal was to assess the biological value of proteins as compared to the FAO standard. The study has revealed that in proteins from the roe deer muscle tissue the content of exogenous amino acids (in g/100g) is higher by 20-30% on average comparing to the level of amino acids, in the FAO/WHO (1973) standard protein. Among the endogenous amino acids, the highest (in g/100 g of protein) and the lowest concentrations were found for glutamic acid and proline, respectively. The research has also shown that roe deer meat possesses a high content of protein and a relatively low content of fat.
Clinical study on the application of tacrolimus and DMSO in the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs
Authors: Balicki I. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) in dogs with the use of tacrolimus and DMSO.
The study was conducted on 16 dogs - 7 males and 9 females, aged 3 to 11 years, diagnosed with CSK. The disease was treated with ophthalmic drops containing 0.02% tacrolimus and 50% DMSO, administered to the ocular surface three times a day. Prior to the treatment and after 5 weeks of therapy, the corneal neovascularisation, pigmentation, and also the redness and depigmentation of the third eyelid margin were assessed. The percentage of the corneal surface afflicted with inflammatory processes was calculated on the basis of photographs taken with the use of IsoCalc.com’s Get Area software for Corel DRAW 12.
It was found that the application of tacrolimus and DMSO caused a reduction of inflammatory process and neovascularisation in the cornea. The mean corneal surface afflicted with inflammatory processes was statistically significantly reduced from 69.9% to 43.9% (p ≤ 0.01) - in case of the right corneas, and from 58.9% to 38.6% in case of the left corneas. Of 32 corneas diagnosed with the pigmentation, the reduction of the pigmentation was observed in 14, while in 16 the pigmentation increased.
The treatment of CSK with the use of tacrolimus and DMSO causes the reduction in terms of inflammatory processes and neovascularisation, but in many cases does not inhibit the progress of the pigmentation.
The effect of low-dose experimental zearalenone intoxication on the immunoexpression of estrogen receptors in the ovaries of pre-pubertal bitches
Authors: Gajęcka M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin that often contaminates plant material used in the production of feeds for companion animals. Small daily doses of ingested zearalenone - a competitive substrate modulating the activity of enzymes participating in estrogen biosynthesis at the pre-receptor level - can induce subclinical symptoms of hyperestrogenism in bitches. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low zearalenone doses on the presence of estrogen receptors in the ovaries of pre-pubertal Beagle bitches. The bitches were divided into three groups of 10 animals each: experimental group I - 50 μg zearalenone/kg body weight administered once daily per os; experimental group II - 75 μg zearalenone/kg body weight administered once daily per os; control group - placebo containing no ZEN administered per os. The animals were ovariorectomized at the end of the experiment, at 112 days of age. Estrogen receptors were detected in ovarian specimens by immunohistochemical methods. The results revealed an absence of estrogen receptors alpha in all groups. In both experimental groups a decrease in the positive response of estrogen receptors beta in specified structures of ovaries was observed. Very low α-zearalenol levels probably attested to the slowing down (hypostimulation) of the biotransformation process. Overall, zearalenone intoxication led to hyperestrogenism during a specific developmental stage of pre-pubertal bitches. As regards hormesis, the threshold dose of zearalenone (adaptive capability) was exceeded in the ovaries of experimental group II animals. The results obtained in both experimental groups suggest that long-term exposure to low-dose zearalenone intoxication decreased the degree of estrogen receptors beta staining in particular structures of ovaries in the experimental bitches, which initiated epigenetic modification mechanisms that inhibited ovarian development.
Late embryonic and foetal losses in eight dairy herds in north-east Poland
Authors: Barański W. , Zduńczyk S. , Janowski T. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The information about the occurrence of embryonic and fetal losses in dairy herds in Poland is limited. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the pregnancy loss between days 30 and 45 (late embryonic mortality) and between days 45 and 260 after artificial insemination (AI) (foetal loss). The study was carried out in 8 dairy herds in north-east Poland. In total 954 cows were examined for pregnancy on day 30 after AI using an ultrasound scanner. Cows diagnosed pregnant were re-examined on day 45 and 260 after AI using transrectal palpation. The pregnancy rate on day 30 after AI was 62.0%, after re-examination on day 45 after AI the pregnancy rate was 56.4%. The late embryonic loss rate was on an average 9.1%. The occurrence of late embryonic mortality differed not significantly (p > 0.05) among herds and ranged from 13.1% to 19.3%. The pregnancy rate on day 260 after AI was 53.5%. The average foetal loss after day 45 of pregnancy was 5.0%, ranged between herds from 0 to 9.2% (p > 0.05) and was significantly lower than embryonic loss rate (p < 0.05). The study revealed that in 8 dairy herds in north-east Poland the overall pregnancy loss between days 30 and 260 averaged 13.7% and therefore it is an important factor affecting economic efficiency of dairy production. The foetal loss was less prevalent than the late embryonic loss. Future strategies to minimizing late embryonic loss are needed.
Determination of sperm acrosin activity in the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus L.) – using method developed for human spermatozoa
Authors: Stasiak K. , Janicki B. , Glogowski J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to adapt a method to determine acrosin activity of human spermatozoa to arctic fox (Alopex lagopus L.) spermatozoa. We modified this method by reducing sperm count per sample from 1÷10 × 106 to 25÷200 × 103, incubation time from 180 minutes to 60 minutes, and Triton X-100 concentration in the reaction mixture from 0.01% to 0.005% per 100 cm3. It has also confirmed that arctic fox seminal plasma is rich in proteinases and their inhibitors. To completely abolish the inhibitory effect of seminal plasma on acrosin activity it is recommended to wash the spermatozoa four times. Benzamidine served an inhibitor of acrosin activity.
Nutritive value of three fodder species at different stages of maturity
Authors: Kanak AR , Khan MJ , Debi MR , Pikar MK , Aktar M 
Published: March 2013

An experiment was conducted to compare the nutritive value of three fodder species: Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) at three different stages of maturity. The grasses were cultivated in 9 plots arranged in completely randomized design having three replications for each fodder. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare, where plant to plant distance was 16 cm and row to row distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all stages of maturity. The fodders were first harvested after 60 d of planting, second and third harvests were done after successive 60 d of re-growth. There was highly significant (p<0.01) variation on DM content among the three fodders in the first and third cuttings and significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in the second cutting. There was also significant (p<0.01) effect on Ash content in the first cutting. Significant difference at 1% and 5% level of probability was observed in NFE content in the third and second cutting, respectively. Crude fiber (CF) content was only significant (p<0.05) in the third cutting. Among the three grasses German grass showed higher value in the proximate components except EE and CP (non-significant) than other grasses. Para, German and Dhal grasses were differed insignificantly (p>0.05) in terms of IVOMD and ME content in all stages of maturity. The highest values (58.35, 59.97 and 61.92 %) of IVOMD were found in German grass compared to those of Para and Dhal grasses in all stages of maturity. The highest ME values (8.18 and 8.42 MJ/kg DM) were also found in German grass than other grasses in the second and third stages of maturity. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodders, German grass showed the best result in respect of nutritive value.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14123Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 90-95
Neglect in Children
Authors: Dubowitz Howard 
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Learn how to manage the complexities of defining neglect in children.

2.
Examine the multiple contributors to neglect.

3.
Understand principles for effectively intervening in a child neglect situation.

Child neglect is by far the most common form of child maltreatment. Approximately two-thirds of reports to child protective services involve neglect.
1
Per a community survey in 2006, the frequency of neglect is 30.6 per 1,000 children, with lower rates of 6.5, 2.4, and 4.1 for physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, respectively.
2
SSRIs for Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Camenisch David R. , Hilt Robert J. 
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Understand which indications are best suited for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) administration in children.

2.
Learn the rationale for monitoring and how to monitor for SSRI medication side effects.

3.
Learn how to manage the reported SSRI risk for suicidality in children.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed medications for pediatric anxiety and depression. Despite widespread use, providers who primarily work with adults can vary widely in their knowledge base about use of this class of medication for children. This article therefore reviews the child-specific indications, side effects, and recommended monitoring parameters that prescribers should know when prescribing this class of medication to young people.