bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitions, Risks, and Actions in Coronary Events—Center for Outcomes Research and Education (TRACE-CORE)
Authors: Waring Molly E. , McManus Richard H. , Saczynski Jane S. , Anatchkova Milena D. , McManus David D. , Devereaux Randolph S. , Goldberg Robert J. , Allison Jeroan J. , Kiefe Catarina I. ,   for the TRACE-CORE Investigators
Published: September 2012

Background—
Cardiovascular disease continues to cause significant morbidity, mortality, and impaired quality of life, with unrealized health gains from the underuse of available evidence. The Transitions, Risks, and Actions in Coronary Events Center for Outcomes Research and Education (TRACE-CORE) aims to advance the science of acute coronary syndromes by examining the determinants and outcomes of the quality of transition from hospital to community and by quantifying the impact of potentially modifiable characteristics associated with decreased quality of life, rehospitalization, and mortality.

Methods and Results—
TRACE-CORE comprises a longitudinal multiracial cohort of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes, 2 research projects, and development of a nucleus of early stage investigators. We are currently enrolling 2500 adults hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes at 6 hospitals in the northeastern and southeastern United States. We will follow these patients for 24 months after hospitalization through medical record abstraction and 5 patient interviews focusing on quality of life, cardiac events, rehospitalizations, mortality, and medical, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics. The Transitions Project studies determinants of and disparities in outcomes of the quality of patients’ transition from hospital to community. Focusing on potentially modifiable factors, the Action Scores Project will develop and validate action scores to predict recurrent cardiac events, death, and quality of life, describe longitudinal variation in these scores, and develop a dashboard for patient and provider action on the basis of these scores.

Conclusions—
In TRACE-CORE, sound methodologic principles of observational studies converge with outcomes and effectiveness research approaches. We expect that our data, research infrastructure, and research projects will inform the development of novel secondary prevention approaches and underpin the careers of cardiovascular outcomes researchers.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Coronary Stenting in Women Versus Men
Authors: Anderson Monique L. , Peterson Eric D. , Brennan J. Matthew , Rao Sunil V. , Dai David , Anstrom Kevin J. , Piana Robert , Popescu Andra , Sedrakyan Art , Messenger John C. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: September 2012

Background—
Conflicting evidence exists on sex-based outcomes after coronary stenting.

Methods and Results—
Data on 426 996 patients ≥65 years old (42.3% women) from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry (2004–2008) were linked to Medicare inpatient claims to compare in-hospital outcomes by sex and long-term outcomes by sex and stent type. In-hospital complications were more frequent in women than in men: death (3869 [2.2%] versus 3737 [1.6%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–1.49), myocardial infarction (2365 [1.3%] versus 2858 [1.2%]; odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11–1.27), bleeding (7860 [4.4%] versus 5627 [2.3%]; odds ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.79–1.93), and vascular complications (2381 [1.3%] versus 1648 [0.7%]; odds ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.73–1.99). At 20.4 months, women had a lower adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.94) but similar rates of myocardial infarction, revascularization, and bleeding. Relative to bare metal stent use, drug-eluting stent use was associated with similar improved long-term outcomes in both sexes: death (women: adjusted HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.76–0.81; men: HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74–0.79), myocardial infarction (women: HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74–0.84; men: HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77–0.85), and revascularization (women: HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90–0.97; men: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88–0.94). There was no interaction between sex and stent type for long-term outcomes.

Conclusions—
In contemporary coronary stenting, women have a slightly higher procedural risk than men but have better long-term survival. In both sexes, use of a drug-eluting stent is associated with lower long-term likelihood for death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization.
E3DVar: Coupling an Ensemble Kalman Filter with Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation in a Limited-Area Weather Prediction Model and Comparison to E4DVar
Authors: Zhang Fuqing , Zhang Meng , Poterjoy Jonathan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This study examines the performance of a hybrid ensemble-variational data assimilation system (E3DVar) that couples an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The performance of E3DVar and the component EnKF and 3DVar systems are compared over the eastern United States for June 2003. Conventional sounding and surface observations as well as data from wind profilers, aircraft and ships, and cloud-tracked winds from satellites, are assimilated every 6 h during the experiments, and forecasts are verified using standard sounding observations. Forecasts with 12- to 72-h lead times are found to have noticeably smaller root-mean-square errors when initialized with the E3DVar system, as opposed to the EnKF, especially for the 12-h wind and moisture fields. The E3DVar system demonstrates similar performance as an EnKF, while using less than half the number of ensemble members, and is less sensitive to the use of a multiphysics ensemble to account for model errors. The E3DVar system is also compared with a similar hybrid method that replaces the 3DVar component with the WRF four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) method (denoted E4DVar). The E4DVar method demonstrated considerable improvements over E3DVar for nearly all model levels and variables at the shorter forecast lead times (12–48 h), but the forecast accuracies of all three ensemble-based methods (EnKF, E3DVar, and E4DVar) converge to similar results at longer lead times (60–72 h). Nevertheless, all methods that used ensemble information produced considerably better forecasts than the two methods that relied solely on static background error covariance (i.e., 3DVar and 4DVar).
Changes over a decade in end-of-life care and transfers during the last 3 months of life: A repeated survey among proxies of deceased older people
Authors: Kaspers Pam J , Pasman H Roeline W , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D , Deeg Dorly JH 
Published: September 2012

Background: In the ageing population, older people are living longer with chronic diseases. Especially in the last year of life, this can result in an increased need for (complex) end-of-life care. Aim: To study potential changes in received end-of-life care and transfers by older people during the last 3 months of life between 2000 and 2010. Design: A repeated survey in 2000 and 2010. Participants: Data were collected from a sample of proxies of deceased sample members of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam in 2000 ( n = 270; response = 79%) and 2010 ( n = 168; response = 59%). Results: Compared to 2000, in 2010, older people had a significantly lower functional ability 3 months before death. Over the 10-year period, people were significantly less likely to receive no care (12% vs 39%) and more likely to receive formal home care (45% vs 15%). Older people aged over 80 years, females, and those in the 2010 sample were more likely to receive formal home and institutional care (formal home care – age > 80 years, odds ratio: 3.7, male odds ratio: 0.74, 2010 – odds ratio: 6.9; institutional care – age > 80 years, odds ratio: 11.6, male odds ratio: 0.34, 2010 – odds ratio: 2.5) than informal or no care. Regardless of the study year, older people receiving informal home care were more likely to die in hospital (odds ratio: 2.3). Conclusion: Two scenarios of care in the last 3 months of life seem to arise: staying at home as long as possible with a higher chance of hospital death or living in a residential or nursing home, reducing the chance of hospital death.
Delirium prevalence, incidence, and implications for screening in specialist palliative care inpatient settings: A systematic review
Authors: Hosie Annmarie , Davidson Patricia M , Agar Meera , Sanderson Christine R , Phillips Jane 
Published: September 2012

Background: Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome frequently experienced by palliative care inpatients. This syndrome is under-recognized by clinicians. While screening increases recognition, it is not a routine practice. Aim and design: This systematic review aims to examine methods, quality, and results of delirium prevalence and incidence studies in palliative care inpatient populations and discuss implications for delirium screening. Data sources: A systematic search of the literature identified prospective studies reporting on delirium prevalence and/or incidence in inpatient palliative care adult populations from 1980 to 2012. Papers not in English or those reporting the occurrence of symptoms not specifically identified as delirium were excluded. Results: Of the eight included studies, the majority (98.9%) involved participants (1079) with advanced cancer. Eight different screening and assessment tools were used. Delirium incidence ranged from 3% to 45%, while delirium prevalence varied, with a range of: 13.3%–42.3% at admission, 26%–62% during admission, and increasing to 58.8%–88% in the weeks or hours preceding death. Studies that used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–Fourth Edition reported higher prevalence (42%–88%) and incidence (40.2%–45%), while incidence rates were higher in studies that screened participants at least daily (32.8%–45%). Hypoactive delirium was the most prevalent delirium subtype (68%–86% of cases). Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of delirium in palliative care inpatient settings supports the need for screening. However, there is limited consensus on assessment measures or knowledge of implications of delirium screening for inpatients and families. Further research is required to develop standardized methods of delirium screening, assessment, and management that are acceptable to inpatients and families.
Reduction in the Number of Animals and the Evaluation Period for the Positive Control Group in Tg.rasH2 Short-Term Carcinogenicity Studies
Authors: Shah Sudhir A. , Paranjpe Madhav. G. , Atkins Philip I. , Zahalka Eias A. 
Published: September 2012

The lack of a clear guidance on the adequate number of animals used for positive controls in the short-term (26-weeks) transgenic mouse carcinogenicity studies has resulted in the use of high number of animals. In our earlier Tg.rasH2 studies, 25 mice/sex were used in the urethane-positive control dose groups that were sacrificed by 18 weeks. Based on a robust response, several of our protocols for Tg.rasH2 studies with 15 mice/sex and terminal sacrifice at 17 ± 1 weeks were submitted and accepted by the Carcinogenicity Assessment Committee of the US Food and Drug Administration since we demonstrated close to 100% response for the development of lung and splenic tumors (target organs) in 500 mice/sex. These 500 mice/sex included 17 groups of 25 mice/sex and 5 groups of 15 mice/sex. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether the number of animals can be further reduced along with the shortened duration of exposure to urethane. Accordingly, 10 Tg.rasH2 mice/sex/group were administered a total of 3 intraperitoneal (IP) injections of urethane (1000 mg/kg per day) on study days 1, 3, and 5, and the presence of tumors in the lungs and spleen was evaluated after 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 weeks. Our results demonstrate that 100% of the mice at 8 weeks had developed lung tumors, whereas close to 100% of the mice at 14 weeks had developed splenic tumors. Based on the development of lung tumors alone in 100% of the mice, we recommend that 10 mice/sex are sufficient and that these mice can also be sacrificed as early as 10 ± 1 weeks following the administration of urethane.
The homeodomain region controls the phenotype of HOX-induced murine leukemia
Authors: Breitinger Constanze , Maethner Emanuel , Garcia-Cuellar Maria-Paz , Slany Robert K. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
HOX proteins are widely involved in hematopoietic development. These transcription factors combine a conserved DNA-binding homeobox with a divergent N-terminus that mediates interaction with variable cofactors. The resulting combinatorial diversity is thought to be responsible for mammalian HOX specificity. Contrasting this proposed mechanism for normal HOX function, here we demonstrate that, in the context of hematopoietic immortalization and leukemogenesis, individual HOX properties are governed almost exclusively by the homeodomain. Swap experiments between HOXA1 and HOXA9, 2 members of nonrelated paralog groups, revealed that gene expression patterns of HOX transformed cells in vitro are determined by the nature of the homeodomain. Similar results were seen in vivo during HOX-mediated leukemogenesis. An exchange of the homeodomains was sufficient to convert the slow, low-penetrance phenotype of HOXA1-induced leukemia to the aggressive fast-acting disease elicited by HOXA9 and vice versa. Mutation and deletion studies identified several subregions within the DNA binding domain responsible for paralog specificity. Previously defined binding sites for PBX cofactors within the exchangeable, nonhomeobox segment were dispensable for in vitro oncogenic HOX activity but affected in vivo disease development. The transcriptional activator domain shared by HOXA1 and HOXA9 at the very N-terminus proved essential for all transformation.
Prolonged FGF signaling is necessary for lung and liver induction in Xenopus
Authors: Shifley Emily T , Kenny Alan P , Rankin Scott A , Zorn Aaron M 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundFGF signaling plays numerous roles during organogenesis of the embryonic gut tube. Mouse explant studies suggest that different thresholds of FGF signaling from the cardiogenic mesoderm induce lung, liver, and pancreas lineages from the ventral foregut progenitor cells. The mechanisms that regulate FGF dosein vivoare unknown. Here we useXenopusembryos to examine the hypothesis that a prolonged duration of FGF signaling from the mesoderm is required to induce foregut organs.ResultsWe show that both mesoderm and FGF signaling are required for liver and lung development inXenopus;formally demonstrating that this important step in organ induction is conserved with other vertebrate species. Prolonged contact with the mesoderm and persistent FGF signaling through both MEK and PI3K over an extended period of time are required for liver and lung specification. Inhibition of FGF signaling results in reduced liver and lung development, with a modest expansion of the pancreas/duodenum progenitor domain. Hyper-activation of FGF signaling has the opposite effect expanding liver and lung gene expression and repressing pancreatic markers. We show that FGF signaling is cell autonomously required in the endoderm and that a dominant negative FGF receptor decreases the ability of ventral foregut progenitor cells to contribute to the lung and liver buds.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the liver and lungs are specified at progressively later times in development requiring mesoderm contact for different lengths of time. Our data suggest that this is achieved at least in part through prolonged FGF signaling. In addition to providing a foundation for further mechanistic studies on foregut organogenesis using the experimental advantages of theXenopussystem, these data have implications for the directed differentiation of stem cells into foregut lineages.
Proteomics of Streptococcus gordonii within a model developing oral microbial community
Authors: Hendrickson Erik L , Wang Tiansong , Dickinson Brittany C , Whitmore Sarah E , Wright Christopher J , Lamont Richard J , Hackett Murray 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background

Streptococcus gordonii is one of several species that can initiate the formation of oral biofilms that develop into the complex multispecies microbial communities referred to as dental plaque. It is in the context of dental plaque that periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis cause disease. We have previously reported a whole cell quantitative proteomics investigation of P. gingivalis in a model dental plaque community of S. gordonii, P. gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Here we report the adaptation of S. gordonii to the same model.

Results
1122 S. gordonii proteins were detected in S. gordonii control samples, 915 in communities with F. nucleatum, 849 with P. gingivalis, and 649 with all three organisms. Quantitative comparisons showed extensive proteome changes in association with F. nucleatum or P. gingivalis individually or both P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum together. The changes were species specific, though the P. gingivalis interaction may be dominant, indicated by large differences between the proteomes with F. nucleatum or P. gingivalis but limited changes between communities with P. gingivalis or both P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The results were inspected manually and an ontology analysis conducted using DAVID. Extensive changes were seen in nutrition pathways with increases in energy metabolism and changes in the resulting byproducts, while the acid and sugar repressed PTS (phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system) sugar transport systems showed decreases. These results were seen across all the multispecies samples, though with different profiles according to the partner species. F. nucleatum association decreased proteins for the metabolic end products acetate and ethanol but increased lactate, the primary source of acidity from streptococcal cultures. P. gingivalis containing samples had a reduction in levels of proteins for ethanol and formate but increased proteins for both acetate and lactate production. The communities also showed increases in exopolysaccharide synthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and oxidative stress protection and decreases in adhesion and transporter proteins.

Conclusion
This study showed that S. gordonii demonstrates species specific responses during interactions with F. nucleatum or P. gingivalis. Extensive changes were seen in energy metabolism and byproduct production implicating nutrient transfer as an important community interaction.
Effect of temporal predictability on the neural processing of self-triggered auditory stimulation during vocalization
Authors: Chen Zhaocong , Chen Xi , Liu Peng , Huang Dongfeng , Liu Hanjun 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Sensory consequences of our own actions are perceived differently from the sensory stimuli that are generated externally. The present event-related potential (ERP) study examined the neural responses to self-triggered stimulation relative to externally-triggered stimulation as a function of delays between the motor act and the stimulus onset. While sustaining a vowel phonation, subjects clicked a mouse and heard pitch-shift stimuli (PSS) in voice auditory feedback at delays of either 0 ms (predictable) or 500–1000 ms (unpredictable). The motor effect resulting from the mouse click was corrected in the data analyses. For the externally-triggered condition, PSS were delivered by a computer with a delay of 500–1000 ms after the vocal onset.

Results
As compared to unpredictable externally-triggered PSS, P2 responses to predictable self-triggered PSS were significantly suppressed, whereas an enhancement effect for P2 responses was observed when the timing of self-triggered PSS was unpredictable.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the effect of the temporal predictability of stimulus delivery with respect to the motor act on the neural responses to self-triggered stimulation. Responses to self-triggered stimulation were suppressed or enhanced compared with the externally-triggered stimulation when the timing of stimulus delivery was predictable or unpredictable. Enhancement effect of unpredictable self-triggered stimulation in the present study supports the idea that sensory suppression of self-produced action may be primarily caused by an accurate prediction of stimulus timing, rather than a movement-related non-specific suppression.
ErbB3 mRNA leukocyte levels as a biomarker for major depressive disorder
Authors: Milanesi Elena , Minelli Alessandra , Cattane Nadia , Cattaneo Annamaria , Mora Cristina , Barbon Alessandro , Mallei Alessandra , Popoli Maurizio , Florio Vincenzo , Conca Andreas , Bignotti Stefano , Gennarelli Massimo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
In recent years, the identification of peripheral biomarkers that are associated with psychiatric diseases, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), has become relevant because these biomarkers may improve the efficiency of the differential diagnosis process and indicate targets for new antidepressant drugs. Two recent candidate genes, ErbB3 and Fgfr1, are growth factors whose mRNA levels have been found to be altered in the leukocytes of patients that are affected by bipolar disorder in a depressive state. On this basis, the aim of the study was to determine if ErbB3 and Fgfr1 mRNA levels could be a biomarkers of MDD.

Methods
We measured by Real Time PCR ErbB3 and Fgfr1 mRNA expression levels in leukocytes of MDD patients compared with controls. Successively, to assess whether ErbB3 mRNA levels were influenced by previous antidepressant treatment we stratified our patients sample in two cohorts, comparing drug-naive versus drug-free patients. Moreover, we evaluated the levels of the transcript in MDD patients after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment, and in prefrontal cortex of rats stressed and treated with an antidepressant drug of the same class.

Results
These results showed that ErbB3 but not Fgfr1 mRNA levels were reduced in leukocytes of MDD patients compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, ErbB3 levels were not affected by antidepressant treatment in either human or animal models

Conclusions
Our data suggest that ErbB3 might be considered as a biomarker for MDD and that its deficit may underlie the pathopsysiology of the disease and is not a consequence of treatment. Moreover the study supports the usefulness of leukocytes as a peripheral system for identifying biomarkers in psychiatric diseases.