bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico‐pathological factors influencing lymph node yield in colorectal cancer and impact on survival: Analysis of new zealand cancer registry data
Authors: Ahmadi Omid , Stringer Mark D. , Black Michael A. , McCall John L. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundLymph node yield (LNY) and lymph node ratio (LNR) are recognized as independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer (CRC).ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between LNY and other clinico‐pathological variables, and the prognostic value of LNY and LNR on patient survival in CRC.MethodsThe clinico‐pathological and survival data for patients diagnosed from January 2000 to July 2012 were retrieved from the New Zealand Cancer Registry. Multiple linear regression was used to identify clinico‐pathological factors influencing LNY, and Cox regression was used to determine the association between LNY and LNR and patient survival.Results14,646 patients were included in the study (mean age 70.3 years, 50.1% male). Mean LNY was 17.4. Younger age, right‐sided disease, higher T stage, female sex and no neoadjuvant radiotherapy (rectal cancer) were all associated with higher LNY (P ≤ 0.001). Overall survival in Stage I‐III disease increased with higher LNY (for LNY ≥ 12, HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.64–0.72; P < 0.001). Survival in Stage III‐IV disease was inversely related to LNR (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.51–0.62; P < 0.001).ConclusionLNY is influenced by patient age, site of disease and T stage. LNY (Stage I‐II) and LNR (Stage III‐IV) have independent prognostic value in CRC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:451–458. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The short‐ and long‐term outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer in child a patients are acceptable: A patient‐control study from the Surgical French Association report for pancreatic surgery
Authors: Regimbeau Jean‐Marc , Rebibo Lionel , Dokmak Safi , Boher Jean‐Marie , Sauvanet Alain , Chopin‐Laly Xavier , Adham Mustapha , Lesurtel Mickaël , Bigourdan Jean‐Marc , Truant Stéphanie , Pruvot François‐René , Ortega‐Deballon Pablo , Paye François , Bachellier Philippe , Delpero Jean‐Robert 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundOn the basis of now dated studies, cirrhosis is usually considered to be a contraindication in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head (APH).ObjectiveExamine the outcomes of PD for APH in the presence of cirrhosis.MethodsRetrospective, multicenter study of cirrhotic patients with APH having undergone PD between January 2004 and March 2012. Cirrhotic patients were matched 1:2 for demographic, surgical and histologic criteria with non‐cirrhotic patients. Primary endpoint was morbidity and mortality. Secondary endpoints were surgical parameters, morbidity related to pancreatic surgery and cirrhosis, and follow‐up.ResultsWe included 35 patients with cirrhosis. Twenty‐four patients (69%) were Child A and none were Child C. The Child A cirrhotic patients and non‐cirrhotic patients respectively had complication rates of 79% vs. 43% (P  = 0.002), major complication rates of 33% vs. 21% (P = 0.26), pancreatic fistula rates of 13% vs. 9% (P  = 0.57), post‐operative mortality of 4% vs. 5% (P  = 0.94), 3‐year overall survival rates of 44% vs. 50% (P  = 0.46). All Child B cirrhotic patients experienced post‐operative complications.ConclusionPancreatoduodenectomy for APH was possible in Child A cirrhotic patients with a mortality and long‐term outcomes equivalent to non‐cirrhotic patients. Child B cirrhosis remains a clear contraindication to surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:776–783. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:776–783. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Choroid plexus carcinoma in children: The Head Start experience
Authors: Zaky Wafik , Dhall Girish , Khatua Soumen , Brown Robert J. , Ginn Kevin F. , Gardner Sharon L. , Yildiz Vedat O. , Yankelevich Maxim , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundChoroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare aggressive intracranial neoplasm with a predilection for young children and a historically poor outcome. Currently, no defined optimal therapeutic strategy exists. The Head Start (HS) regimens have included irradiation‐avoiding strategies in young children with malignant brain tumors using high dose chemotherapy to improve survival and minimize neurocognitive sequelae.ProcedureThree sequential HS studies have been conducted from 1991 to 2009. HS treatment strategy has consisted of maximal surgical resection followed by five cycles of intensive induction followed by consolidation myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue (AuHCR). Irradiation was given following recovery from consolidation based on the patient's age and evidence of residual disease.ResultsTwelve children with CPC (median age of 19.5 months) have been treated with HS regimens. Ten patients had >95% resection. Three patients had disseminated disease at diagnosis. Ten patients completed consolidation of whom five are alive, irradiation and disease free at 29, 43, 61, 66 and 89 months from diagnosis. Seven patients experienced tumor recurrence/progression at a median time of 13 months (range 2–43 months). Five patients received irradiation, one for residual disease and four upon progression or recurrence, of whom one is alive at 61 months. The 3‐ and 5‐year progression‐free survivals are 58% and 38% and overall survivals 83% and 62% respectively. Late deaths from disease beyond 5 years were also noted.ConclusionHead Start strategies may produce long‐term remission in young children with newly diagnosed CPC with avoidance of cranial irradiation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:784–789. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone marrow‐derived cells contribute to regeneration of injured prostate epithelium and stroma
Authors: Nakata Wataru , Nakai Yasutomo , Yoshida Takahiro , Sato Mototaka , Hatano Koji , Nagahara Akira , Fujita Kazutoshi , Uemura Motohide , Nonomura Norio 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDRecent studies have reported that bone marrow‐derived cells (BMDCs), which are recruited to sites of tissue injury and inflammation, can differentiate into epithelial cells, such as liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and skin cells. We investigated the role of BMDCs in contributing to regeneration of injured prostate epithelium.METHODSUsing chimera rats that received allogenic bone marrow grafts from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic rats after lethal whole‐body irradiation, we investigated the existence of epithelial marker‐positive BMDCs in injured prostate tissue caused by transurethral injection of lipopolysaccharide.RESULTSProstate tissues were harvested 2 weeks after transurethral lipopolysaccharide injection. Immunofluorescence staining showed that some cells in the stroma co‐expressed GFP and pan‐cytokeratin, which suggested the existence of epithelial marker‐positive BMDCs. To confirm the existence of such cells, we collected bone marrow‐derived non‐hematopoietic cells (GFP+/CD45− cells) from the prostate by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis and analyzed the characteristics of the GFP+/CD45− cells. The number of cells in this population significantly increased from 0.042% to 0.492% compared with normal prostate tissue. We found by immunofluorescent analysis and RT‐PCR that GFP+/CD45− cells expressed cytokeratin, which suggested that these cells have some features of epithelial cells. In the prostate obtained from the chimera rats 34 weeks after lipopolysaccharide injection, GFP‐ and cytokeratin‐positive cells were observed in the prostate gland, which suggested that some of the cells in the prostate gland regenerated after prostate inflammation derived from bone marrow.CONCLUSIONSBMDCs might be able to differentiate into prostate epithelial cells after prostatic injury. Prostate 75:806–814, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liposomal delivery of dexamethasone attenuates prostate cancer bone metastatic tumor growth In Vivo
Authors: Kroon Jan , Buijs Jeroen T. , van der Horst Geertje , Cheung Henry , van der Mark Maaike , van Bloois Louis , Rizzo Larissa Y. , Lammers Twan , Pelger Rob C. , Storm Gert , van der Pluijm Gabri , Metselaar Josbert M. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and more specifically the tumor‐associated macrophages, plays an essential role in the development and progression of prostate cancer towards metastatic bone disease. Tumors are often characterized by a leaky vasculature, which ‐ combined with the prolonged circulation kinetics of liposomes ‐ leads to efficient tumor localization of these drug carriers, via the so‐called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) ‐effect. In this study, we evaluated the utility of targeted, liposomal drug delivery of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in a model of prostate cancer bone metastases.MethodsTumor‐bearing Balb‐c nu/nu mice were treated intravenously with 0.2–1.0–5.0 mg/kg/week free‐ and liposomal DEX for 3–4 weeks and tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescent imaging.ResultsIntravenously administered liposomes localize efficiently to bone metastases in vivo and treatment of established bone metastases with (liposomal) dexamethasone resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth up to 26 days after initiation of treatment. Furthermore, 1.0 mg/kg liposomal dexamethasone significantly outperformed 1.0 mg/kg free dexamethasone, and was found to be well‐tolerated at clinically‐relevant dosages that display potent anti‐tumor efficacy.ConclusionsLiposomal delivery of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone inhibits the growth of malignant bone lesions. We believe that liposomal encapsulation of dexamethasone offers a promising new treatment option for advanced, metastatic prostate cancer which supports further clinical evaluation. Prostate 75: 815–824, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. The Prostate, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel technique using three‐dimensionally documented biopsy mapping allows precise re‐visiting of prostate cancer foci with serial surveillance of cell cycle progression gene panel
Authors: Ukimura Osamu , Gross Mitchell E , de Castro Abreu Andre Luis , Azhar Raed A. , Matsugasumi Toru , Ushijima So , Kanazawa Motohiro , Aron Manju , Gill Inderbir S. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundConventional systematic biopsy has the shortcoming of sampling error and reveals “no evidence of cancer” with a rate of >50% on active surveillance (AS). The objective of this study is to report our initial experience of applying a 3D‐documented biopsy‐mapping technology to precisely re‐visit geographically documented low‐risk prostate cancer and to perform serial analysis of cell‐cycle‐progression (CCP) gene‐panel.MethodsOver a period of 40 months (1/2010–4/2013), the 3D‐biopsy‐mapping technique, in which the spatial location of biopsy‐trajectory was digitally recorded (Koelis), was carried out. A pair of diagnostic (1st‐look) and surveillance (2nd‐look) biopsy were performed per subject (n = 25), with median interval of 12 months. The documented biopsy‐trajectory was used as a target to guide the re‐visiting biopsy from the documented cancer focus, as well as the targeted field‐biopsy from the un‐sampled prostatic field adjacent to negative diagnostic biopsies. The accuracy of re‐visiting biopsy and biopsy‐derived CCP signatures were evaluated in the pair of the serial biopsy‐cores.ResultsThe 1st‐look‐biopsy revealed a total of 43 cancer lesions (1.7 per patient). The accuracy of re‐visiting cancer was 86% (37/43) per lesion, 76% (65/86) per core, and 80% (20/25) per patient. This technology also provided an opportunity for 3D‐targeted field‐biopsy in order to potentially minimize sampling errors. The CCP gene‐panel of the 1st‐look (−0.59) versus 2nd‐look (−0.37) samples had no significant difference (P = 0.4); which suggested consistency in the molecular signature of the known cancer foci during the short‐time interval of median 12 months. Any change in CCP of the same cancer foci would be likely due to change in sampling location from the less to more significant portion in the cancer foci rather than true molecular progression. The study limitations include a small number of the patients.ConclusionThe 3D‐documented biopsy‐mapping technology achieved an encouraging re‐sampling accuracy of 86% from the known prostate cancer foci, allowing the serial analysis of biopsy‐derived CCP signatures. Prostate 75:863–871, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening of tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids in the alkaloidal fraction of Adhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica leaves by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Singh Awantika , Kumar Sunil , Reddy T. Jagadeshwar , Rameshkumar K. B. , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: February 2015

RATIONALEAdhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica are popular Ayurvedic medicinal plants in India, belonging to the family Acanthaceae. Tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids are found to be the most abundant in these plants which are responsible for broad‐spectrum medicinal properties. This study aims to seek identification and characterization of those alkaloids based on their fragmentation patterns.METHODSA method was developed to elucidate the main fragmentation pathways of tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids in positive ion mode using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was carried on a Supelco Discovery HS C18 column (15 cm × 4.6 mm, 3 µm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as a mobile phase.RESULTSIn full scan mass spectra, protonated molecules were observed for all the quinazoline alkaloids. Ring cleavages of the tricyclic quinazoline moiety were observed in MS2 spectra and the characteristic ions provide valuable structural information of these alkaloids. Fragmentation pathways and fragment ion structures were proposed in two groups of quinazoline alkaloids.CONCLUSIONSThe established fragmentation patterns have been successfully used to identify 23 tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids in the alkaloidal fraction of A. beddomei and A. vasica. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Superficial Vein Reflux Eradication in the Treatment of Venous Ulcer
Authors: Kanchanabat Burapa , Stapanavatr Waigoon , Kanchanasuttiruk Pong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTotal superficial vein reflux eradication in the treatment of venous ulcer.BackgroundOur initial experience with groin–knee vein stripping resulted in recurrent or unhealed venous ulcers prompting us to remove the entire reflux segment with emphasis on the calf superficial vein adjacent to, or underneath the ulcer. This study aims to assess the healing and recurrent rates after treatment with this technique combined with compression therapy.MethodPertinent data of the patients with healed or active venous ulcers (C5‐6) between October 2006 and October 2013 was prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed.
ResultsForty‐three operations were performed on 39 C5‐6 legs (four reoperations for recurrent ulcer of the same legs) among 35 patients who had completed follow‐up. The median follow‐up time was 22 months. Of the 39 operations for active venous ulcers (C6), wound healing was achieved in 35 instances (90 %) with a median healing time of 21 days. The 30‐day healing rate was 64 % and the 14‐day healing rate was 38 %. Only four legs had ulcers which healed beyond 60 days. The post‐operative VCSS and VDS were significantly improved compared with the pre‐operative value (11.6, 3.7, p < 0.0001 and 1.0, 0.7, p = 0.035 for VCSS and VDS, respectively). Recurrent ulceration was found in four legs. The 2‐ and 6‐year recurrence rates were three percent and 22 percent, respectively.ConclusionsVenous ulcer could be satisfactory treated by the total removal of the peri‐ulcer reflux.
Reducing Healthcare Costs Facilitated by Surgical Auditing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Govaert Johannes Arthuur , van Bommel Anne Charlotte Madeline , van Dijk Wouter Antonie , van Leersum Nicoline Johanneke , Tollenaar Robertus Alexandre Eduard Mattheus , Wouters Michael Wilhemus Jacobus Maria 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundSurgical auditing has been developed in order to benchmark and to facilitate quality improvement. The aim of this review is to determine if auditing combined with systematic feedback of information on process and outcomes of care results in lower costs of surgical care.MethodA systematic search of published literature before 21‐08‐2013 was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Articles were selected if they met the inclusion criteria of describing a surgical audit with cost‐evaluation.ResultsThe systematic search resulted in 3608 papers. Six studies were identified as relevant, all showing a positive effect of surgical auditing on quality of healthcare and therefore cost savings was reported. Cost reductions ranging from $16 to $356 per patient were seen in audits evaluating general or vascular procedures. The highest potential cost reduction was described in a colorectal surgical audit (up to $1,986 per patient).ConclusionsAll six identified articles in this review describe a reduction in complications and thereby a reduction in costs due to surgical auditing. Surgical auditing may be of greater value when high‐risk procedures are evaluated, since prevention of adverse events in these procedures might be of greater clinical and therefore of greater financial impact.Implication of key findingsThis systematic review shows that surgical auditing can function as a quality instrument and therefore as a tool to reduce costs. Since evidence is scarce so far, further studies should be performed to investigate if surgical auditing has positive effects to turn the rising healthcare costs around. In the future, incorporating (actual) cost analyses and patient‐related outcome measures would increase the audits’ value and provide a complete overview of the value of healthcare.
The Snow-Fink Technique as an Opposition Tendon Transfer for Children Born with a Hypoplastic or Absent Thumb
Authors: Yoon Alfred P. , Jones Neil F. 
Published: February 2015

Background A novel opposition tendon transfer, previously described by Snow and Fink in adults but not in children, can provide better functional results and cosmetic appearance than the currently preferred Huber transfer. Methods Thirty-one children were born either without a thumb (17) or with a hypoplastic thumb (14). Thirty-eight thumbs were classified according to the Blauth classification as stages II, IIIA, IIIB, IV, and V respectively. The opposition tendon transfer was performed between the ages of 4 and 10, using the expendable flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon from the ring finger which was passed through a 3-mm-diameter window in the transverse carpal ligament, routed subcutaneously across the palm and attached to the insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis on the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. This creates a vector of pull from the ulnar side of the hand which both abducts and pronates the thumb. Twenty-one hands underwent additional procedures such as four-flap Z-plasty (11), ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (6), joint transfer, full-thickness skin grafting, and distraction lengthening. Results The ability of each child to oppose their thumb to the index finger (score 2), middle finger (score 3), ring finger (score 4), or small finger (score 5) was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by their Kapandji score. Thirty-one children (81.6 %) achieved a postoperative Kapandji score of 5, while 7 children (18.4 %) had a postoperative Kapandji score of 4. No deformities were observed, and the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was stabilized with the other slip of the FDS when necessary. Conclusions An opposition transfer using the FDS tendon of the ring finger through a window in the transverse carpal ligament is a simple and reliable technique for improving thumb function in children born with an absent or hypoplastic thumb. This transfer does not produce a concave deformity in the hypothenar eminence like the Huber transfer, provides better pronation, and affords concurrent stabilization of the MCP joint.
Migrating for the Bank: Housing and Chinese Labour Migration to Ethiopia
Authors: Driessen Miriam 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBy shedding light on the concept of thefangnu(mortgage slave), this paper explains why young men from China migrate to Ethiopia. Young, educated, employed and ambitious, thefangnuis a modern type of slave who is said to have sold his freedom to the bank for the purpose of buying a house. For young men coming from a rural background, temporary migration offers a chance to earn the money so badly needed for a down payment or repayments on mortgage loans for their newly bought residential property. I argue that thefangnuis the child of a Chinese society characterized by high social mobility as well as a growing demographic imbalance owing to the one-child policy. In this context, a house – or in urban China, commonly an apartment in a high-rise building – is increasingly seen as a marker of status, especially in the marriage market. Although the Chinese do not demand a bride price, thehunfang(marriage house) has become the norm in urban Chinese society. Unable to rely on the financial support of their kin, young Chinese men from the countryside migrate to earn the starting capital needed to cope with the socio-economic pressures of settling in the city.
Nitrogen loss by anaerobic oxidation of ammonium in rice rhizosphere
Authors: Nie San’an , Li Hu , Yang Xiaoru , Zhang Zhaoji , Weng Bosen , Huang Fuyi , Zhu Gui-Bing , Zhu Yong-Guan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) is recognized as an important process for nitrogen (N) cycling, yet its role in agricultural ecosystems, which are intensively fertilized, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the presence, activity, functional gene abundance and role of anammox bacteria in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere paddy soils using catalyzed reporter deposition–fluorescence in situ hybridization, isotope-tracing technique, quantitative PCR assay and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Results showed that rhizosphere anammox contributed to 31–41% N2 production with activities of 0.33–0.64 nmol N2 g−1 soil h−1, whereas the non-rhizosphere anammox bacteria contributed to only 2–3% N2 production with lower activities of 0.08–0.26 nmol N2 g−1 soil h−1. Higher anammox bacterial cells were observed (0.75–1.4 × 107 copies g−1 soil) in the rhizosphere, which were twofold higher compared with the non-rhizosphere soil (3.7–5.9 × 106 copies g−1 soil). Phylogenetic analysis of the anammox bacterial 16S rRNA genes indicated that two genera of ‘Candidatus Kuenenia’ and ‘Candidatus Brocadia’ and the family of Planctomycetaceae were identified. We suggest the rhizosphere provides a favorable niche for anammox bacteria, which are important to N cycling, but were previously largely overlooked.