bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head to head comparisons in performance of CD4 point-of-care assays: a Bayesian meta-analysis (2000–2013)
Authors: Wilkinson Samantha , Chiavegatti Tiago , Nauche Bénédicte , Joseph Lawrence , Pai Nitika Pant 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Timely detection, staging, and treatment initiation are pertinent to controlling HIV infection. CD4+ cell-based point-of-care (POC) devices offer the potential to rapidly stage patients, and decide on initiating treatment, but a comparative evaluation of their performance has not yet been performed. With this in mind, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. For the period January 2000 to April 2014, 19 databases were systematically searched, 6619 citations retrieved, and 25 articles selected. Diagnostic performance was compared across devices (i.e., PIMA, CyFlow, miniPOC, MBioCD4 System) and across specimens (i.e., capillary blood vs. venous blood). A Bayesian approach was used to meta-analyze the data. The primary outcome, the Bland–Altman (BA) mean bias (which represents agreement between cell counts from POC device and flow cytometry), was analyzed with a Bayesian hierarchical normal model. We performed a head-to-head comparison of two POC devices such as PIMA and PointCareNOW CD4. PIMA appears to perform better vs. PointCareNOW with venous samples (BA mean bias: –9.5 cells/μL; 95% CrI: –37.71 to 18.27, vs. 139.3 cells/μL; 95% CrI: –0.85 to 267.4, mean difference = 148.8, 95% CrI: 11.8, 285.8); however, PIMA's best performed when used with capillary samples (BA mean bias: 2.2 cells/μL; 95% CrI: –19.32 to 23.6). Sufficient data were available to allow pooling of sensitivity and specificity data only at the 350 cells/μL cutoff. For PIMA device sensitivity 91.6 (84.7–95.5) and specificity was 94.8 (90.1–97.3), respectively. There were not sufficient data to allow comparisons between any other devices. PIMA device was comparable to flow cytometry. The estimated differences between the CD4+ cell counts of the device and the reference was small and best estimated in capillary blood specimens. As the evidence stands, the PointCareNOW device will need to improve prior to widespread use and more data on MBio and MiniPOC are needed. Findings inform implementation of PIMA and improvements in other CD4 POC device prior to recommending widespread use.
Formation of NaZn13-type phase in LaFe11.5Si1.5 alloy during solidification process
Authors: HOU Xueling , LIU Chunyu , Xue Yun , Han Ning , Xu Hui , Ma Chunwei , Phan M.H. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLow-cost La(FexSi1-x)13 alloys exhibiting the large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) are one of the most promising magnetic refrigerant candidates for room temperature magnetic refrigeration. The NaZn13-type phase (hereinafter 1:13 phase) is believed to play a key role in the MCE of these alloys. While the formation of the 1:13 phase directly from the melt upon cooling was challenging, in this paper we demonstrate that the 1:13 phase can be formed directly during solidification. We found that three kinds of solidification microstructure were formed because a competitive nucleation occurred between the 1:13 and α-(Fe,Si) phase during the solidification of LaFe11.5Si1.5 alloy. In case of a high cooling speed, a large amount of NaZn13–type phase with equiaxed grains and a small amount of α-(Fe,Si) phase were formed because of a dominant nucleation rate of 1:13 phase. When the cooling rate was small, a large number of α-(Fe,Si) phase with dendrites were formed because the nucleation rate of α-(Fe,Si) phase is larger than that of the 1:13 phase. These results revealed that nucleation rates of phases is very important to the composition formation and microstructure of LaFe11.5Si1.5 alloys.
Nanodiamond Foils for H- Stripping to Support the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and Related Applications
Authors: Vispute RD , Ermer Henry K. , Sinsky Phillip , Seiser Andrew , Shaw Robert W. , Wilson Leslie L. , Harris Gary , Piazza Fabrice 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThin diamond foils are needed in many particle accelerator experiments regarding nuclear and atomic physics, as well as in some interdisciplinary research. Particularly, nanodiamond texture is attractive for this purpose as it possesses a unique combination of diamond properties such as high thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and high radiation hardness; therefore, it is a potential material for energetic ion beam stripper foils. At the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), the installed set of foils must be able to survive a nominal five-month operation period, without the need for unscheduled costly shutdowns and repairs. Thus, a single nanodiamond foil about the size of a postage stamp is critical to the entire operation of SNS and similar sources in U.S. laboratories and around the world. We are investigating nanocrystalline, polycrystalline and their admixture films fabricated using a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) system for H- stripping to support the SNS at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Here we discuss optimization of process variables such as substrate temperature, process gas ratio of H2/Ar/CH4, substrate to filament distance, filament temperature, carburization conditions, and filament geometry to achieve high purity diamond foils on patterned silicon substrates with manageable intrinsic and thermal stresses so that they can be released as free standing foils without curling. An in situ laser reflectance interferometry tool (LRI) is used for monitoring the growth characteristics of the diamond thin film materials. The optimization process has yielded free standing foils with no pinholes. The sp3/sp2 bonds are controlled to optimize electrical resistivity to reduce the possibility of surface charging of the foils. The integrated LRI and HFCVD process provides real time information on the growth of films and can quickly illustrate growth features and control over film thickness. The results are discussed in the light of development of nanodiamond foils that will be able to withstand a few MW proton beam and hopefully will be able to be used after possible future upgrades to the SNS to greater than a 3MW beam.
New Species of Demodex (Acari: Demodecidae) With Data on Parasitism and Occurrence of Other Demodecids of Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Izdebska Joanna N , Rolbiecki Leszek 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article describes the morphological features and occurrence of Demodex ponderosus n. sp. on brown rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout), in Poland. D. ponderosus n. sp. is a small demodecid, adults average 152 µm in length, and are oval in shape. They were found in the skin of nearly hairless regions, tail and paws, of rats. Adult mites exhibit sexual dimorphism in terms of body size and proportions. The study also compared the features of the new species with those of the four species of Demodex described previously from this host. Demodex spp. were observed in 100% of the rats examined; however, despite high infestation levels, no symptoms of parasitosis were observed in the hosts.
Oviposition and Reproductive Performance ofHabrobracon hebetor(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Six Different Pyralid Host Species
Authors: Ghimire Mukti N , Phillips Thomas W 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHabrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a gregarious ecto-parasitoid that attacks larvae of several species of Lepidoptera, mainly pyralid moths infesting stored products. Host quality strongly influences the reproductive success of the parasitoid. In this study, we assessed the reproductive performance of the parasitoid, H. hebetor in a series of laboratory experiments using six different pyralid host species: Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker), rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton), navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), and greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. Experiments were conducted using petri dishes (100 by 15 mm) as experimental arenas at 29 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. Two-day-old H. hebetor females were introduced singly into experimental arenas and given a single host larva every day throughout their lifetime. The numbers of hosts paralyzed and parasitized, numbers of eggs laid each day on each host, egg-to-adult survivorship, and progeny sex ratio were used as parameters for assessing host suitability. Paralysis of hosts by H. hebetor females was significantly affected by host species. H. hebetor paralyzed &gt;95% of the preferred host larvae that were offered and also used ≈90% of those for oviposition. Daily fecundity was highest on G. mellonella (22.1 ± 0.4) and C. cephalonica (21.6 ± 0.3), and lowest on E. cautella (13.4 ± 0.2). The egg-to-adult survivorship and progeny sex ratio were also significantly affected by the host species. The highest percentage of parasitoid survival was on A. transitella (75.7 ± 2.0) and C. cephalonica (75.4 ± 2.5), and lowest on G. mellonella (49.7 ± 4.8). Our studies clearly showed that H. hebetor females can paralyze and lay eggs on several pyralid species, but it cannot necessarily develop and reproduce optimally on all host species that it can paralyze and parasitize.
Molecular Characterization, Compositional Analysis, and Germination Evaluation of a High‐Oleic Soybean Generated by the Suppression ofFAD2‐1Expression
Authors: Brink Kent , Chui Chok‐Fun , Cressman Robert F. , Garcia Patrick , Henderson Nancy , Hong Bonnie , Maxwell Carl A. , Meyer Knut , Mickelson James , Stecca Kevin L. , Tyree Cheri W. , Weber Natalie , Zeng Weiqing , Zhong Cathy X. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] oil is one of the most consumed and highest produced vegetable oils. However, the high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil limits its stability and shelf life. Here we report the generation and characterization of a high oleic acid soybean event (305423 soybean) that has an elevated content of monounsaturated oleic acid and reduced presence of polyunsaturated linoleic acid and linolenic acid. This transgenic event was generated by the insertion of a soybean ω‐6 desaturase (FAD2) gene fragment (gm‐fad2‐1), resulting in the suppression of endogenousFAD2‐1expression, and a modified version of the soybeanacetolactate synthase(ALS) gene (gm‐hra), used as a selectable marker. Molecular characterization revealed that 305423 soybean harbors four DNA inserts containing multiple copies of complete and partialgm‐fad2‐1gene cassettes and a single copy of the intactgm‐hragene cassette. However, these DNA inserts seemed to be inherited together without segregation. The suppression of endogenousFAD2‐1led to an increase of oleic acid (18:1) from 211 to 765 g kg–1along with concurrent reduction of both linoleic acid (18:2) from 525 to 36.2 g kg–1and linolenic acid (18:3) from 93.5 to 53.9 g kg–1out of total fatty acyl groups. The 305423 soybean was also subjected to nutrient composition analyses and phenotypic and agronomic performance evaluations and found to be comparable to the control soybean except for the expected traits.
Genotype × Environment Interaction of Maize Grain Yield Using AMMI Biplots
Authors: Ndhlela Thokozile , Herselman Liezel , Magorokosho Cosmos , Setimela Peter , Mutimaamba Charles , Labuschagne Maryke 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTMaize (Zea mays) is the most important cereal crop in Zimbabwe and is grown by both large‐ and small‐scale farmers who are located in different agro‐ecological zones of the country. The development and dissemination of adapted and high‐yielding maize cultivars to these agro‐ecological zones involves conducting multi‐environment trials (METs). This study was conducted with the objectives of i) understanding complex G × E interaction and stability of single cross hybrids generated using CIMMYT elite drought tolerant lines and Department of Research and Specialist Services (DR&SS) elite drought susceptible lines for grain yield across stress and nonstress environments and ii) to identify genotypes to recommend for further use in the breeding program. Initially, yield data of 80 maize single cross hybrids tested across seven environments during the 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011 seasons were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot method. The analysis was further done for 20 best performing genotypes to facilitate less congested graphical presentation. Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the G × E interaction, indicating the possibility of selection for stable genotypes. The five AMMI interaction principal component analyses (IPCAs; IPCA1, IPCA2, IPCA3, IPCA4, and IPCA5) explained 82.41% of the variation and they were highly significant. The results showed three genotypes with high yield performance and broad adaptability whilst narrow adaptations were also observed. Agricultural Research Trust Farm was the most powerful site in discriminating among genotypes and the most representative environment.
Characterization of a Multiseeded (msd1) Mutant of Sorghum for Increasing Grain Yield
Authors: Burow Gloria , Xin Zhanguo , Hayes Chad , Burke John 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has branched panicles with primary, secondary, and tertiary branches. These inflorescence branches are composed of a terminal triplet spikelet, consisting of one sessile (directly attached to the branch) and two pedicellate (spikelets attached to the branch through a short pedicel), followed by one or more spikelet pairs (one sessile and one pedicellate). In BTx623, and most sorghum lines, only the sessile spikelets can develop into seeds and the pedicellate spikelets, occasionally developing anthers, eventually abort. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a stable multiseeded (msd1) mutant of sorghum (in BTx623 background, referred to as wild‐type [WT]) in which both sessile and pedicellate spikelets are fertile. In addition, this mutant displayed increased length and total number of primary and secondary inflorescence branches. Genetic analysis showed that this multiseeded mutation is a recessive trait. Pedicellate spikelets in msd1 mutants exhibited complete flower with functional ovary and anthers, of which 75 to 95% can develop into viable seeds. The individual msd1 seeds are smaller than WT; however, the results indicated that this reduction in seed weight can be compensated by the increase in seed number. The total seed weight per panicle in msd1 mutants was increased by 30 to 40% as compared to the WT. Further experiments are needed to demonstrate whether the msd1 mutation can increase grain yield under field conditions.
Prediction of Dry Matter Yield of Hybrid Forage Corn Grown for Silage
Authors: Islam M.R. , Garcia S.C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPredicting yield at an early growth stage will allow producers to optimize the amount and timing of N to maximize crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of individual measurements and combinations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and plant height (PH) as early stage predictors of corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter (DM) yield for silage. Corn was grown during 2 yr in Camden, Australia with different rates of pre‐and post‐sown N fertilizer, with or without irrigation, and harvested for silage at physiological maturity. In both years, NDVI and PH data were collected at 3‐, 5‐, 6‐ and 8‐leaf stages (V) and their relative values were calculated by using the reference treatment (nonlimiting N and water). In contrast to the actual data, the relative DM yield data in both years settled on the same regression line against relative NDVI indicating that expressing DM yield and NDVI in relative terms reduces the variation due to year and may be more useful than the actual values for prediction purposes. The accuracy of prediction was higher for PH than NDVI data. However, the best accuracy in DM yield prediction at V6 stage was obtained with combinations of relative PH × NDVI (r2 ≥ 0.78). As slopes of all indicators were similar in stages from V6 to V8 stages, all indicators may be used to predict DM yield of forage corn grown for silage as early as V6 stage. Plant height and PH × NDVI can be used to predict DM yield of forage corn at V5 stage because slopes of these indicators were similar from V5 to V8 stages.
Intercropping Wheat and Beans: Effects on Agronomic Performance and Land Productivity
Authors: Chapagain Tejendra , Riseman Andrew 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDeclining land productivity associated with soil degradation is a significant issue for intensive wheat production. An intercropping system combining wheat and grain legumes may provide a farmwide production system that fulfills both economic and environmental concerns. We grew spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Scarlet’) as a monoculture and intercropped with either a common bean cultivar (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Red Kidney’ or ‘Black Turtle’) or a fava bean cultivar (Vicia faba L. ‘Bell’) without fertilizer in rows of wheat/bean 1:1 and 2:1 as well as broadcast arrangements during 2011 and 2012 to assess the impact of different genera (Vicia and Phaseolus) and cultivars (Red kidney or Black Turtle) on the wheat performance, land productivity, N and C accumulation in aboveground biomass, and soil mineral N balance. As baseline, the monoculture wheat plots yielded 3.2 t ha−1. However, wheat–fava bean plots displayed higher land equivalent ratio (LER) and total land outputs (TLO) with increased land productivity of 50% in the 1:1 and 32% in the 2:1 arrangements. Intercropped plots in row arrangements also improved wheat biomass nitrogen and grain protein content compared with monoculture plots. Wheat–fava bean in the 1:1 arrangement accumulated the highest N (34 kg ha−1, i.e., 176% higher) and organic C (2138 kg ha−1, i.e., 26% higher) in shoot biomass compared with monocultured wheat. Both NH4+ and NO3− pools were higher in intercrop plots with the highest mineral N balance in wheat‐fava bean in the 1:1 arrangement (+0.2 mg NH4+ and +1.1 mg NO3−kg‐1 dry soil). This study demonstrates that intercropping wheat with fava bean is an efficient strategy to increase land productivity while also increasing forage and soil quality.
Stocking Method, Animal Behavior, and Soil Nutrient Redistribution: How are They Linked?
Authors: Dubeux J.C.B. , Sollenberger L.E. , Vendramini J.M.B. , Interrante S.M. , Lira M.A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTChoice of stocking method may impact soil, plant, and animal responses. This 3‐yr study evaluated stocking method effects on animal behavior and soil nutrient concentration in ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures. Stocking methods were continuous stocking and rotational stocking with 1‐, 3‐, 7‐, and 21‐d grazing periods and a 21‐d resting period. Responses were measured in three zones based on distance from shade and water (Zone 1, 0–8 m; Zone 2, 8–16 m; Zone 3, >16 m). Indices were calculated to weight number of dung and urine events and time spent by cattle in a zone by the proportion of the total pasture and paddock area represented by that zone. Indices were most uniform (∼1) across zones for rotational stocking with short grazing periods and generally increased linearly in Zones 1 and 2 with increasing grazing period. Except for N, soil nutrient concentration was not affected by stocking method. In zones closest to shade and water, soil nutrients accumulated for all methods in the surface 8 cm but not in the 8‐ to 23‐cm layer. Air temperature, wind speed, and temperature–humidity index explained 49% of the variation in time cattle spent under shade, confirming the importance of the environment in animal behavior. In warm environments, structural features of stocking method (e.g., the position of shade and water) have a greater effect on animal behavior and distribution in the landscape than do stocking density‐mediated effects on competition for forage.
Stolon Type and Soil Burial Effects on ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass Establishment
Authors: Baseggio M. , Newman Y.C. , Sollenberger L.E. , Fraisse C. , Obreza T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] is a highly productive warm‐season grass, but it must be planted vegetatively using aboveground stems (stolons) or rhizomes. Use of stolons vs. rhizomes provides advantages of reduced cost, greater shoot production, and more planted area per hectare of nursery. However, establishment failures have been reported by producers under challenging environmental conditions common to the Coastal Plain region of the southeastern United States. Thus, strategies for harvesting and planting stolons need to be evaluated further. The objective was to assess the effect of stolon type (length and stolon position) and degree of stolon burial by soil (total or partial) at planting on Tifton 85 bermudagrass establishment. Partial burial of stolons at planting accelerated emergence and increased bermudagrass percentage cover and dry matter harvested at season end. Total burial resulted in only half as many shoots (3.5 vs. 7.8 m−2) as partial burial in 2011; total burial resulted in no emergence in 2012. Partial burial led to as much as 90% bermudagrass soil cover, while total burial provided 66 and 0% in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Also, partially buried stolons yielded 1000 kg ha−1 of forage more than totally buried in both years. This finding suggests the planting equipment should be set to achieve shallow planting, ensuring that some parts of the stolons remain uncovered. Stolon type is not as critical as the degree of soil cover on the stolons, which need to remain only partially but not totally buried.
A comparison of the effect of the ellipticity on the small and large solid-core PCF’s characteristics
Authors: Inci Halime , Ozsoy Sedat 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper we study small and large solid-core PCFs with elliptical shaped air-holes for the hexagonal lattice, which were constructed by omitting one air-hole (small core) and seven air-holes (large core), respectively, and we compare their characteristics with those with circular holes. We use two types of ellipticity: vertical and horizontal. Birefringence, dispersion, and the numerical apertures of the fundamental modes are analyzed using commercial simulation software. Also, the confinement loss is obtained. The effect of ellipticity on these characteristics is investigated in detail. It is found that the type of ellipticity of the air holes affects the numerical aperture and hence confinement loss significantly, but it has no crucial effect on either the dispersion or the birefringence for the small and large core PCFs.
Interference-induced enhancement of field entanglement in a microwave-driven V-type single-atom laser
Authors: Yang Wen-Xing , Chen Ai-Xi , Zha Ting-Ting , Bai Yanfeng , Lee Ray-Kuang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate the generation of two-mode continuous-variable (CV) entanglement in a V-type three-level atom trapped in a doubly resonant cavity using a microwave field driving a hyperfine transition between two upper excited states. By numerically simulating the dynamics of this system, our results show that the CV entanglement with large mean number of photons can be generated even in presence of the atomic relaxation and cavity losses. More interestingly, it is found that the intensity and period of entanglement can be enhanced significantly with the increasing of the atomic relaxation due to the existence of the perfect spontaneously generated interference between two atomic decay channels. Moreover, we also show that the entanglement can be controlled efficiently by tuning the intensity of spontaneously generated interference and the detuning of the cavity field.