bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of DNA methylation and epigenetic factors on the expression of CD133 in ovarian cancers
Authors: Min Kyung-Jin , So Kyeong A , Ouh Yung-Taek , Hong Jin-Hwa , Lee Jae-Kwan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
To identifying the effects of DNA methylation and epigenetic factors on the expression of CD133, a cancer stem cell marker, in gynecologic cancer cell lines.

Methods
Ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-8 and IGROV-1) and an endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) were treated with 5-aza-2`-deoxycytidine (DAC) or Trichostatin A (TSA). Expression of CD133 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), reverse transcription- PCR, western blot, and FACS analysis. All results are representative of three independent experiments.

Results
CD133 mRNA expression varied among the different cell lines; the weakest expression was observed in OVCAR-8 cells, while it was strongly expressed in Ishikawa cells. The degree of methylation of the CD133 P2 promoter was 61% in OVCAR-8 cells, 53% in IGROV-1 cells, and 43% in Ishikawa cells. CD133 expression was increased at both the mRNA and protein level after DAC treatment. On the contrary, CD133 mRNA expression decreased after TSA treatment decreased in all cell lines except OVCAR-8. In addition, MSP of the CD133 P2 promoter revealed that methylation was reduced after treatment with either DAC or TSA.

Conclusions
The expression of the CD133 antigen in primary ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines is regulated by epigenetics, as indicated by its increased expression following DAC treatment and irregular expression pattern followed by TSA treatment. In addition, the expression of CD133 was negatively correlated with the degree of methylation of the CD133 P2 promoter.
Temperature changes among organophosphate poisoned patients, Tehran- Iran
Authors: Talaie Haleh , Owliaey Hamid , Pajoumand Abdolkarim , Gholaminejad Mona , Mehrpour Omid 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Acute poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPs) is a major global clinical problem in the developing countries. There have been many animal studies and few human surveys on the effects of organophosphorus pesticide (OP) poisoning on thermoregulation. The aim of this prospective study was to document the pattern of tympanic temperature changes among OP poisoned patients throughout the length of their hospital stay.

Methods
60 patients with diagnose of organophosphate poisoning were included in this study. Questioner was filled out by trained nurses including demographic, clinical and paraclinical data. Tympanic temperature and Pulse rate data of the cases were collected on five- occasions after admission.

Results
There were 41 (68.3%) male and 19 (31.7%) female, with a mean age of 34.4 ±19.4 years (range 13–89 years). Forty five patients had intentional poisoning for suicidal attempt. At the time of entry, the mean tympanic temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) of the OP poisoned patients were respectively 37.1+/−0.6°C (36.0- 39.5), 91+/−18 (55–145), 18+/−5.6 (8–44), 116+/−20 mm Hg (70–170) and 75+/−11.6 mm Hg (40–110). 41.7% of the cases had serum butyryl cholinesterase activities (BChE) ≥ 50% normal (≥1600 mU/ml). Our patients had normal temperature at the time entry (mean = 37.1). Tympanic temperature decreasing below 36°C was not detected among the patients during the study period. A rise in mean tympanic temperature was found after atropine administration.

Conclusion
Our study showed hypothermia was not considerable factor among organophosphate poisoned patients, although more studies with similar situations in tropical countries are needed.
Inhibition of HIV and HSV infection by vaginal lactobacilli in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zabihollahi Rezvan , Motevaseli Elahe , Sadat Seyed Mehdi , Azizi-Saraji Ali Reza , Asaadi-Dalaie Sogol , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background and the purpose of the study
The cervico-vaginal mucosa which is populated with microflora (mostly includes lactobacilli) is the portal of entry for sexually transmitted pathogens.

Methods
The in vitro anti-viral effect of vaginal and non-vaginal lactobacillus was evaluated using single cycle HIV-1 replication and HSV-2 plaque reduction assays. The XTT proliferation assay was used to monitor the cellular toxicity. The in vivo anti-HSV-1 activity was evaluated in BALB/c mouse model by monitoring skin lesion and immune response development.

Results and major conclusion
DMEM culture supernatant of L. Gasseri and L. fermentum (PH 7.3) did not show toxic effect but inhibited 50% of HIV replication at 12 and 31% concentrations, respectively. Co-culture of L. gasseri (1000 CFU/ target cell) showed mild cytotoxicity but inhibited 68% of HIV replication. The supernatant of L. crispatus inhibited 50% of HSV replication at 4% and also co-culture of L. gasseri, L. rhamnosus and L. crispatus revokes almost all of the HSV multiplication. Culture supernatants of L. gasseri and L. crispatus had significant virucidal effect against the HIV and HSV and inhibited HSV infection in a stage before viral entry to the target cells. Alive L. gasseri cells showed high potential for inhibiting HSV-1 infection in vivo condition. Current data indicates that lactobacilli supernatant encompasses components with neutralizing activity against HIV and HSV and it would be a determinant factor for viral diseases transmission and promising lead for anti-viral probiotic design.
Immunological characterization of recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi FliC protein expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Jindal Gaurav , Tewari Rupinder , Gautam Ankur , Pandey Satish K , Rishi Praveen 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Like any other enteric pathogen, Salmonella also encounters acidic stress in the stomach as well as within the host macrophage milieu. However, the pathogen is reported to combat this stress through acid tolerance response (ATR), expressing a number of genes and eventually the proteins. Recently, an acid induced outer membrane phenotype encoded by fliC gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been identified. In the present study, fliC gene was cloned to study its biological implications. The recombinant FliC (rFliC) protein was observed to stimulate the production of antibodies. These antibodies could also recognize the FliC protein (antigen) in the clinical samples i.e. blood samples from typhoid patents as well as healthy blood samples spiked with serovar Typhi. Moreover, the rFliC also reacted with the sera from patients suffering with typhoid fever indicating its in-vivo immunogenicity. Ex-vivo study revealed that rFliC has the potential to stimulate the macrophages to generate higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite. The inflammatory potential of FliC was also confirmed in-vivo, by the paw oedema test as well as by flicking response of the inflamed paw indicating hyperalgesia occurring during inflammatory response. The findings of the present study indicate that acid induced FliC might be one of the factors enhancing the virulence of serovar Typhi under the host acidic conditions and may prove to be helpful in designing the prophylactic measures.
Does digital X-ray radiogrammetry have a role in identifying patients at increased risk for joint destruction in early rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Forslind Kristina , Kälvesten Johan , Hafström Ingiäld , Svensson Björn ,   for the BARFOT Study Group
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hand bone mineral density (BMD) loss analyzed with digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a predictor for progression of joint damage.

Methods
In 379 patients with early RA, baseline and one-year hand BMD was measured with DXR and the hand bone loss (HBL) was analyzed using the smallest detectable change (HBLsdc) and tertiles (HBLtertiles). Joint damage in hands and feet were scored according to the Sharp van der Heijde (SHS) method at baseline and at one, two, five and eight years. At the same time-points Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was calculated and functional disability assessed. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) were analyzed at baseline.

Results
Sixty-six percent of the patients had hand BMD loss in the first year of RA determined by HBLsdc and 65% by HBLtertiles. Radiographic progression after two, five and eight years was associated with hand bone loss defined by HBLsdc. By HBLtertiles there were significant associations at all time-points except at eight years. The change in DXR at one year (ChDXR1yr) correlated significantly and inversely with the change in SHS (ChSHS) at two, five and eight years. Multivariate analysis showed that only change in SHS during the first year and the presence of anti-CCP were independent predictors of long-term progressive joint damage. If radiographic scores were not included, DXR-BMD loss was an independent predictor. Patients with great bone loss by HBLtertiles had significantly more often high disease activity after two years. However, neither bone loss by HBLsdc or HBLtertiles nor by ChDXR1yr was an independent predictor of remission after two, five and eight years.

Conclusions
This study confirms previous reports of an association of decrease in DXR-BMD during the first disease year with progression of radiographic joint damage over an extended period of time. This association was independent in a regression model only when radiological findings were excluded suggesting a possible predictive role of DXR-BMD in clinical practice when radiographic evaluation is not available. However, further studies are required before this can be established.
The relationship between serum sodium and intracranial pressure when using hypertonic saline to target mild hypernatremia in patients with head trauma
Authors: Wells Diana L , Swanson Joseph M , Wood G Christopher , Magnotti Louis J , Boucher Bradley A , Croce Martin A , Harrison Charles G , Muhlbauer Michael S , Fabian Timothy C 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Limited data suggest mild hypernatremia may be related to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The practice at the study center has been to use hypertonic saline (HTS) to generate a targeted serum sodium of 145 to 155 mEq/l in patients with TBI. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between serum sodium values and ICP, and to evaluate the acute effect of HTS on ICP.

Methods
A retrospective review of patients who were admitted to the trauma ICU for TBI, had an ICP monitor placed, and received at least one dose of HTS between January 2006 and March 2011 was performed. Data were collected for up to 120 hours after ICP monitor placement. The primary outcome was the relationship between serum sodium and maximum ICP. Secondary outcomes were the relationship between serum sodium and the mean number of daily interventions for ICP control, and the acute effect of HTS on ICP during the 6 hours after each dose. Linear regression was used to analyze the primary outcome. Analysis of variance on ranks and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate the number of interventions and the acute effect of HTS on ICP, respectively.

Results
Eighty-one patients were enrolled with mean ± standard deviation age of 36 ± 15 years and median Glasgow Coma Scale score of 7 (interquartile range, 4 to 7). A total of 1,230 serum sodium values (range, 118 to174 mEq/l) and 7,483 ICP values (range, 0 to 159 mmHg) were collected. There was no correlation between serum sodium and maximum ICP (R2 = 0.0052). The overall mean ± standard deviation number of interventions for elevated ICP per day was 4.2 ± 2.9, 2.9 ± 2.0, and 2.6 ± 2.3 for patients with a mean serum sodium of < 145, 145 to 155, and > 155 mEq/l, respectively (P < 0.001). Regarding the acute effect of HTS on ICP, there was no statistical difference in mean ICP compared with baseline during hours 1 through 6 following HTS doses (baseline, 13.7 ± 8.4 mmHg; hour 1, 13.6 ± 8.3 mmHg; hour 2, 13.5 ± 8.8 mmHg; hour 3, 13.3 ± 8.7 mmHg; hour 4, 13.4 ± 8.7 mmHg; hour 5, 13.4 ± 8.3 mmHg; hour 6, 13.5 ± 8.3 mmHg; P = 0.84).

Conclusions
Serum sodium concentrations did not correlate with ICP values. These results warrant further evaluation and possible reassessment of sodium goals for ICP management in patients with TBI.
Truth and Wisdom: Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsā'ī's Influence on the Bahā'ī Approach to the Understanding and Practice of Religious Ordinances
Authors: Karimi Mazda 
Published: October 2012

Many religious movements have at one time or another had to acknowledge the effect of historical developments and social changes on the applicability of their sacred laws. This has been especially true for Shi’a Islam, whose history was, for long, one of disappointment and defeat.
Throughout the centuries, Shi’a jurists gradually developed a rather distinct set of conceptual tools, and a unique religious structure, to deal with these changes. The implication of these developments for one’s understanding of the nature and meaning of religious truth, though,
remained largely uninvestigated by these jurists.
In the early part of the 19th century, Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa’i (1753–1826) and Siyyid Kazim al-Rashti (1793–1843) embarked on an enterprise to revise popular Shi’a understanding of religious truth. Together, they tried
to show that religious truth was neither static nor could it be reduced to the outward meanings of Qur’anic verses and Islamic traditions. Instead, they portrayed truth as that which would have to unfold through an unceasing dialectic between the worlds of creation and revealed text
(naql), and within the enlightened hearts of illumined souls who have rid themselves of preconceptions and become imbued with spiritual virtues. Shaykh Ahmad and Siyyid Kazim referred to their proposed method of encounter with and search for religious truth as dalil-i-hikmat (lit. the proof
of wisdom).
This paper attempts to portray ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s interpretive style as proof of wisdom par excellence. It begins with a study of the term ‘hikmat’, as commonly used in the Baha’i writings and parlance, to refer to the effect of situational factors
on the shaping and application of Baha’i laws and teachings. It proceeds to show how this particular usage is linked to, and informed by, the Shaykhi approach to truth, and to demonstrate how this approach is endorsed in the writings of ‘Abdu’l-Baha and finds expression in
his encounter with questions regarding the applicability of Baha’i laws. The paper aims to suggest that the Baha’i community’s collective decision-making needs to become better informed by ‘Abdu’l-Baha’s hermeneutical approach to the understanding of the
teachings of the Baha’i Faith.
Authoritarianism, Totalitarianism and the Bahā'ī Faith
Authors: Jones Eugene 
Published: October 2012

As the Baha’i religion has become better known, it has been the target of numerous attacks as well as rational criticisms by non-Baha’is, former Baha’is and by Baha’is who remain in the community but feel that their religion is becoming more authoritarian or
even totalitarian. These criticisms need to be addressed as they are quite valid to those who accept the ideas and institutions of the European Enlightenment. The disparagement tends to fall into three general categories: personal, political and academic.
This paper presents a discussion
of the meaning of the terms ‘authoritarianism’ and ‘totalitarianism’ from the point of view of political theory, then lays out arguments that the Baha’i Faith does not fit either of those classifications but rather that the Baha’i Faith in every way conforms
to the Weberian concept of voluntarism. Further, the relation of the individual Baha’i with his community is a form of social contract predicated on freedom of choice with the responsibility to abide by the conditions of that contract as they are expressed by the institutions of that
Faith. Only those who have freely chosen to enter that community by way of the contract are subject to the laws and ordinances of that community; there is no intention of imposing them on humanity at large.
Book Reviews
Authors: Horton Chelsea , Collins William P. , Hassall Graham , Grolin Daniel , Milani Kavian S. 
Published: October 2012

Transnational Transcendence: Essays on Religion and Globalization, Thomas J. Csordas (ed.), (2009) Berkeley: University of California Press, ix + 338 pp., ill., 23 cm., ISBN 9780520257429 (pbk), $24.95; ISBN 9780520257412 (hbk), $60.00
Commonalities: A Positive Look
at Latter-day Saints from a Bahá’í Perspective, Serge van Neck, (2009) Oxford: George Ronald, xvii + 445 pp., 24 cm., ISBN 9780853985372 (pbk), £19.95/$38.95
Lines that Connect: Rethinking Pattern and Mind in the Pacific, Graeme Were, (2010) Honolulu: University
of Hawaii Press, x + 204 pp., 44 ill., 24 cm., ISBN 9780824833848 (hbk), $38.00
Religious Myths and Visions of America: How Minority Faiths Redefined America’s World Role, Christopher Buck, (2009) Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, xii + 324 pp., 25 cm., ISBN 9780313359590 (hbk),
$49.95
Revelation & Social Reality: Learning to Translate What is Written into Reality, Paul Lample (2009) West Palm Beach, FL: Palabra, vii + 293 pp., 23 cm., ISBN 9781890101701 (pbk) $10.00. Digital download www.palabrapublications.com
Zufall, Koinzidenz und Kontingenz bei Herodot
Authors: Schubert Charlotte , Sier Kurt 
Published: October 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das Phänomen des Zufalls, für Koselleck ein Unterscheidungskriterium in der Gegenüberstellung von antiker und moderner historischer Methodik, ist für die antike Historiographie noch nicht erschöpfend aufgearbeitet worden. Am Beispiel von Herodot wollen wir zeigen, wie eine mit fiktionalen Elementen arbeitende Historiographie zum Ausdruck bringt, dass historische Konsistenzbildung immer schon Konstruktion ist, und wie im Medium der Erzählung eine zwar nicht explizierte, aber durchaus komplexe Theorie geschichtlicher Hermeneutik abgebildet sein kann. Herodot weist dem Zufall und dem Kontingenten eine wichtige heuristische Funktion bei der historischen Urteilsbildung zu. An markanten Stellen seines Werks beschreibt er ‚zufällige‘ Koinzidenzen geographisch getrennter Ereignisse (die Schlachten von Salamis (Griechenland) und Himera (Sizilien) fanden 480 v. Chr. am selben Tag statt, ebenso wie die Schlachten bei Platää und Mykale 479 v. Chr., diese darüber hinaus auch beide an einem Demeter-Heiligtum). Er verschränkt hierbei die Perspektive der Akteure mit der ex post-Perspektive des Historikers, und seine ἱστορίη macht oft genug deutlich, dass Ereignisse, die den ins Geschehen Involvierten unerwartet und überraschend und nur als Zufall erscheinen mögen, aus der Distanz des geschichtlichen Rückblicks ihre Sinnhaftigkeit oder doch eine strukturell wichtige Weichenstellung zu erkennen geben. Was dem mit dem ‚Zufall‘ konfrontierten Akteur als solcher erscheint, überführt der Historiker in ein strukturbildendes (also narrativ sinnvolles) Element seiner Darstellung. Der Zufall wird durch die historiographische Perspektive ex post seines bloß zufälligen Charakters entkleidet und zur geschichtlichen Frage.
William Penn und sein Essay „Towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe“ (1693). Friedensfürst, Vordenker europäischer Einigung oder Machtpolitiker?
Authors: Patel Kiran Klaus 
Published: October 2012

Zusammenfassung
William Penn’s „An Essay Towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe; by the Establishment of an European Dyet, Parliament, Or Estates“ aus dem Jahr 1693 gehört zu den Schriften, die in keiner ideengeschichtlichen Analyse von Plänen europäischer Einigung fehlt. Dennoch lässt sich das Werk des berühmten Quäkers nur schwer einordnen, vor allem dann, wenn man sich für Penns Motive interessiert und für den spezifischen Erfahrungshorizont, vor dem er seine Überlegungen formulierte. Der Aufsatz geht diesen Problemen nach und verdeutlicht neben den relativ gut bekannten idealistischen Motiven Penns, wie sehr sein Text auf konkrete politische Probleme seiner Zeit reagierte. Bei allem Idealismus offenbart sich so ein zutiefst realistisch-pragmatischer Zug in Penns Denken. Darüber hinaus wird die These vertreten, dass nicht nur die Ideen und politischen Konstellation seiner Zeit erörtert werden müssen, um Penns Motive für den Essay zu verstehen. Vielmehr verfolgte Penn damit auch handfeste eigene Interessen. In diesem Sinne ist der Essay als Versuch zu lesen, seinen Autor nach der „Glorious Revolution“ von 1688 politisch zu rehabilitieren. Weiterhin wird Penns Friedensschrift mit seiner außereuropäischen Erfahrung in Amerika in Beziehung gesetzt. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die amerikanische Erfahrung nur sehr vermittelt in den Essay einfloss und eine wichtige Ambivalenz in Penns Denken aufzeigt. Dieses erweist sich als eurozentrischer, als es die Forschung bisher gesehen hat; es stellt sogar einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu dar, Eurozentrismus als solchen erst zu begründen
Die Sichtbarkeit der Macht. Symbolische Repräsentation von Herrschaft im napoleonischen Kaiserreich
Authors: Rowe Michael 
Published: October 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Phase von 1789 bis 1815 war gekennzeichnet vom Wechsel der Regime. Die neuen Staaten wiesen ein großes Legitimationsdefizit auf. Auf lange Sicht glichen die Nationalismen diesen Mangel aus, indem sie eine Erinnerungskultur erfanden. Während der Umbruchsjahre waren indessen andere Strategien erforderlich. Das traditionelle Zeremoniell war von den Aufklärern unterminiert worden. Für die französischen Revolutionäre waren aufwändige Zeremonien verdächtig, weil sie den Eindruck verstärkten, dass der Staat über seinen Untertanen stehe, was der neuen Idee der Staatsbürgerschaft zuwiderlief. Die praktische Regierungserfahrung nach 1789 erzeugte jedoch eine neue Wertschätzung für ausdifferenzierte Strategien der Repräsentation, wie sie nach 1799 im napoleonischen Staat eingeführt wurden. Inhaltlich wurde das neue Zeremoniell nicht nur von der französischen Geschichte inspiriert, sondern auch von Themen des größeren französischen Empires mit Einschluss des Rheinlandes. „Anleihen“ bei der Peripherie des Empire trugen zur Stabilisierung des Zentrums bei. Es wäre allerdings irreführend, die napoleonische Repräsentationskultur nur als eine von oben verordnete Maßnahme zu betrachten, die darauf abzielte, die Bevölkerung zu beeindrucken. Paradoxerweise gab es nämlich den einfachen administrés, unter ihnen auch marginalisierten Gruppen wie den Frauen und den Juden, die Gelegenheit, einen öffentlichen Status zu bekräftigen, der ihnen ansonsten verwehrt blieb. Letztlich könnte die napoleonische Repräsentationsstrategie als ein Fehlschlag betrachtet werden, denn schließlich ging das Regime im Jahr 1815 unter. Das allein diskreditiert die Methoden Napoleons aber nicht, wie der Vergleich der napoleonischen Periode im Rheinland mit der nachfolgenden preußischen Epoche und ihrem offenkundigen Repräsentationsdefizit zeigt.