bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Technology Acceptance in Health Information Management
Authors: Abdekhoda M. , Dehnad A. , Hosseini A. F. , Ahmadi M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryObjective: User acceptance of information technology has been a significant area of research for more than two decades in the field of information technology. This study assessed the acceptance of information technology in the context of Health Information Management (HIM) by utilizing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which was modified and applied to assess user acceptance of health information technology as well as viability of TAM as a research construct in the context of HIM.Methods: This was a descriptive- analytical study in which a sample of 187 personnel from a population of 363 personnel, working in medical records departments of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, was selected. Users’ perception of applying information technology was studiedby a researcher-developed questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version16) using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.Results: The results suggest that TAM is a useful construct to assess user acceptance of information technology in the context of HIM. The findings also evidenced the per -ceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PE) were positively associated with favorable users’ attitudes towards HIM. PU was relatively more associated ( r= 0.22, p = 0.05) than PEOU (r = 0.014, p = 0.05) with favorable user attitudes towards HIM.Conclusions: Users’ perception of usefulness and ease of use are important determinants providing the incentive for users to accept information technologies when the application of a successful HIM system is attempted. The findings of the present study suggest that user acceptance is a key element and should subsequently be the major concern of health organizations and health policy makers.
Soil nitrogen, and not phosphorus, promotes cluster‐root formation in a South American Proteaceae, Embothrium coccineum
Authors: Piper Frida I. , Baeza Gabriela , Zúñiga‐Feest Alejandra , Fajardo Alex 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Cluster roots are a characteristic root adaptation of Proteaceae species. In South African and Australian species, cluster roots promote phosphorus (P) acquisition from poor soils. In a South American Proteaceae species, where cluster roots have been scarcely studied and their function is unknown, we tested whether cluster‐root formation is stimulated by low soil nutrition, in particular low P‐availability.• Methods: Small and large seedlings (< 6‐ and > 6‐months old, respectively) of Embothrium coccineum and soil were collected across four different sites in Patagonia (Chile). We determined cluster‐root number and relative mass, and leaf Pi concentration per mass (Pimass) and per area (Piarea) for each seedling, and tested relationships with Olsen–P (OP), sorbed–P (sP) and total nitrogen (N) using generalized linear mixed‐effects models and model selection to assess the relative strength of soil and plant drivers.• Key results: Best‐fit models showed a negative logarithmic relationship between cluster‐root number and soil nitrogen (N), and between cluster‐root relative mass and both leaf Piarea and soil N, and a positive logarithmic relationship between cluster‐root number and leaf Piarea. Cluster‐root relative mass was higher in small than in large seedlings.• Conclusions: Contrary to that found in South African and Australian Proteaceae, cluster roots of E. coccineum do not appear to be driven by soil P, but rather by soil N and leaf Piarea. We suggest that cluster roots are a constitutive and functional trait that allows plants to prevail in poor N soils.
Distribution, transport, and production of volatile halocarbons in the upper waters of the ice‐covered high Arctic Ocean
Authors: Karlsson A. , Theorin M. , Abrahamsson K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVolatile halogenated compounds (CHBr3, CH2Br2, CHBr2Cl, and CH2ClI) were measured in the water column and in sea ice brine across the Arctic Ocean, from Barrow, Alaska, to Svalbard, during the Beringia 2005 expedition (August–September) with RV/IB Oden. High concentrations of brominated compounds (up to 42 pmol kg−1 of bromoform) were found under multiyear ice in the surface waters over the Makarov Basin and the Lomonosov Ridge, near the North Pole. Even higher concentrations (bromoform up to 160 pmol kg−1) were found in sea ice brine. We propose that the high load of riverine dissolved organic matter that is transported in the Transpolar Drift is a main factor responsible for the high concentration of brominated volatile compounds found in sea ice brine and upper waters and that cycles of freezing and thawing during the transport enhance the transfer of halocarbons to the seawater. The iodinated compound (CH2ClI) showed a completely different distribution with highest concentrations in water of Pacific origin in the mixed layer and upper halocline of the northern Canada Basin and over the Alpha Ridge. In the southern Canada Basin, low concentrations of halocarbons were found in upper waters. Higher concentrations in water of Pacific origin, especially on the continental shelf, indicate production in the shelf regions, likely in the Chukchi Sea and the East Siberian Sea.
Rapid modification of cloud‐nucleating ability of aerosols by biogenic emissions
Authors: Ma Yan , Brooks Sarah D. , Vidaurre German , Khalizov Alexei F. , Wang Lin , Zhang Renyi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough secondary organic aerosol formation is well studied, the extent to which oxidation products of biogenic volatile organic compounds condense onto primary aerosols and modify their cloud‐nucleating properties remains highly uncertain. Here we show that water‐soluble organic acids produced from the reaction between α‐pinene and ozone rapidly accumulate onto preexisting particles forming coatings of organic materials that reach a mass fraction of 80–90% within a time period of 30 to 60 min for the reactant conditions of 7 to 37 ppbv α‐pinene and 20 ppbv ozone. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements reveal that the initially hydrophobic aerosols are rapidly converted to efficient CCN at a supersaturation of 0.22%. Our results imply that changes in the activation potential of a significant fraction of the atmospheric aerosol population are controlled by the formation and composition of coatings formed during the aging process, rather than by the original particle size or composition.
TETRA observation of gamma‐rays at ground level associated with nearby thunderstorms
Authors: Ringuette Rebecca , Case Gary L. , Cherry Michael L. , Granger Douglas , Guzik T. Gregory , Stewart Michael , Wefel John P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTerrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs)—very short, intense bursts of electrons, positrons, and energetic photons originating from terrestrial thunderstorms—have been detected with satellite instruments. TGF and Energetic Thunderstorm Rooftop Array (TETRA), an array of NaI(Tl) scintillators at Louisiana State University, has now been used to detect similar bursts of 50 keV to over 2 MeV gamma‐rays at ground level. After 2.6 years of observation, 24 events with durations 0.02–4.2 ms have been detected associated with nearby lightning, three of them coincident events observed by detectors separated by ~1000 m. Nine of the events occurred within 6 ms and 5 km of negative polarity cloud‐to‐ground lightning strokes with measured currents in excess of 20 kA. The events reported here constitute the first catalog of TGFs observed at ground level in close proximity to the acceleration site.
Characterization of high‐latitude ionospheric scintillation of GPS signals
Authors: Jiao Yu , Morton Yu T. , Taylor Steven , Pelgrum Wouter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents statistical analysis of arctic auroral oval ionospheric scintillation events during the current solar maximum based on high‐rate Global Positioning System data collected in Gakona, Alaska (62.39°N, 145.15°W) from August 2010 to March 2013. The objective is to gain a better understanding of the climatology and morphology of ionospheric scintillation in high‐latitude regions. A scintillation event filter, multipath identification procedures, and other processes are applied to exclude nonscintillation related signal intensity and phase fluctuation and to extract scintillation events with S4 index above 0.12 and phase sigma above 6° from over 657 days of data. A total of over 5800 scintillation events were identified; most of them show phase fluctuations, only 10% of the phase fluctuations are accompanied by weak amplitude scintillation. Based on the occurrence time, signal direction of arrival, intensity, and duration of these scintillation events and the solar and geomagnetic activities associated with these events, diurnal, seasonal, spatial, and solar activity dependencies are derived and presented in the paper.
Synthesis and Properties of Branched Oligo(2‐thienyl)‐ and Oligo(2,2′‐bithien‐5‐yl)‐Substituted Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Bera Mrinal K. , Gholap Shivajirao L. , Hommes Paul , Neuthe Katja , Trawny Daniel , Rabe Jürgen P. , Lentz Dieter , Zimmer Reinhold , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStarting from easily accessible precursors we describe the preparation of a series of branched oligo(2‐thienyl)‐ and oligo(2,2′‐bithienyl)‐substituted pyridine derivatives. With palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of pyridyl nonaflates/triflates as key steps we synthesized 2,6‐di(2‐thienyl)pyridines bridged by thiophene or benzene rings. By selective bromination of 2,6‐di(2‐thienyl)pyridine and 2,4,6‐tri(2‐thienyl)pyridine and subsequent coupling reactions an access to oligo(2,2′‐bithien‐5‐yl)‐substituted pyridine derivatives was gained. The constitution and solid state conformation of 2,6‐bis(2,2’‐bithien‐5‐yl)pyridine was determined by X‐ray analysis. This series of new pyridine‐thiophene conjugates was systematically investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy. Large Stokes shifts in the neutral and protonated form were observed. The electrochemical oxidation of two typical compounds was studied, however, these oxidations were irreversible forming a polymeric film at the anode. As a selected example, a thiophene‐bridged 2,6‐di(2‐thienyl)pyridine derivative was also investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy showing an interesting self‐assembly into a highly ordered monolayer on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.magnified image
Ultra‐microstructural features of perborate oxidized starch
Authors: Hebeish A. , El‐Rafie M. H. , Rabie A. M. , El‐Sheikh M. A. , El‐Naggar Mehrez E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTUltrafine structures of low, medium, and highly oxidized starches, symbolized as LOS, MOS, and HOS, respectively, were thoroughly investigated. These oxidized starches were obtained by treatment of native starch (NS) with three different concentrations of sodium perborate (SPB). Thus, obtained products were studied with respect to major chemical and fine physical characteristics vis‐a‐vis these of NS (a) acidic and reduced groups creation along with mode of association, (b) significant increase in solubility, and (c) outstanding decrease in apparent viscosity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed thermal stability of the said substrates follows order: HOS > MOS > LOS > NS. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed polygonal or irregular shape with particle size ranging from 2 to 20 μ. After oxidation, the starch surface became rough and the edges lost their definiteness completely. In conclusion, SPB is an efficient oxidant to produce oxidized starches with useful characteristics, which advocate them to wide applications in textile sizing and medicinal domains. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40170.
Antifungal activity of biogenic tellurium nanoparticles against Candida albicans and its effects on squalene monooxygenase gene expression
Authors: Zare Bijan , Sepehrizadeh Zargham , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Soltany‐Rezaee‐Rad Mohammad , Rezaie Sassan , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of biogenic tellurium nanoparticles (Te NPs) against Candida albicans (ATCC14053). In addition, the effect of these biogenic NPs on squalene monooxygenase activity and the squalene monooxygenase gene (ERG1) expression level was evaluated. Squalene monooxygenase is an important enzyme involved in the synthesis of ergosterol, cholesterol, and phytosterols. Because of the importance of the noted compound, the squalene monooxygenase gene could be considered a good antifungal target. Results showed that biogenic Te NPs had antifungal effect against C. albicans. The minimal fungicidal concentration–minimal inhibitory concentration ratios of the biogenic Te NPs revealed that these NPs exhibited fungicidal effects against the test strain. The results of an enzyme assay using quantitative high‐performance liquid chromatography showed squalene accumulation in C. albicans cells because of enzyme inhibition. Real‐time PCR analysis showed an increase in the expression of the ERG1 gene in C. albicans cells, which were treated with Te NPs (0.2 mg/mL). It is conclution that Te NPs can inhibit the squalene monooxygenase enzyme, and, as a result, this inhibition phenomenon can cause an increase in the expression level of the ERG1 gene. This is the first report of the anti‐Candida effect of biogenic Te NPs and its possible mechanisms.
Cellular responses to individual amino‐acid depletion in antibody‐expressing and parental CHO cell lines
Authors: Fomina‐Yadlin Dina , Gosink John J. , McCoy Rebecca , Follstad Brian , Morris Arvia , Russell Chris B. , McGrew Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDepletion of two nonessential amino acids, asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln), occurred during a fed‐batch production process with a CHO cell line expressing a recombinant antibody. This depletion coincided with growth suppression and the onset of the stationary phase. Experimental withdrawal of Asn led to cell cycle arrest of cell line A in G0/G1 phase. On a mechanistic level, withdrawal of either Asn or Gln stimulated the amino‐acid response (AAR) pathway, indicating that depletion of nonessential amino acids can induce AAR in this cell line. Compared to withdrawal of an essential amino acid, leucine (Leu), withdrawal of either Asn or Gln induced fewer changes in downstream effectors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling involved in regulation of global protein synthesis. Global transcriptional analysis followed by pathway analysis revealed that the cultures experienced a down‐regulation of cell‐cycle progression, DNA replication and nucleotide biosynthesis in an E2F‐dependent manner, as well as a down‐regulation of lipid metabolism in a SREBP1/2‐dependent manner as a result of individual amino‐acid withdrawal. Timing and magnitude of observed phenotypic and transcriptional responses to amino‐acid withdrawal differed between essential (Leu) and nonessential (Asn and Gln) amino acids examined. Observed responses were similar in parental (CS9 and CHOK‐1) and two other antibody‐producing CHO cell lines, but the magnitude of the transcriptional response was both cell‐line and amino‐acid dependent. Overall, these results suggest that depletion of nonessential amino acids in cell culture plays a role in the onset of the stationary phase of production process and offer mechanistic insights into the observed growth attenuation phenotype. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 965–979. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Clinical Predictors and Routine Coronary Artery Disease Testing on Outcome of Patients Admitted to Chest Pain Decision Unit
Authors: Cotarlan Vlad , Ho David , Pineda John , Qureshi Anwer , Shirani Jamshid 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundChest pain decision unit (CDU) evaluation of patients with acute chest pain (ACP) and nondiagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) usually includes noninvasive testing for coronary artery disease (CAD).HypothesisCAD evaluation will not improve clinical outcome in low‐risk ACP patients.MethodsWe studied 459 adults admitted to CDU with ACP and no troponin release who underwent noninvasive CAD testing (stress testing in 396 and coronary computed tomographic angiography in 63). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of adverse outcome over a 3‐year follow‐up period.ResultsInitial noninvasive test was normal in 367 (80%) and abnormal (positive or indeterminate) in 92 (20%). A total of 42 (9%) patients underwent invasive coronary angiography, and 16 (3.5%) underwent revascularization. During follow‐up, 33 patients had a total of 36 major clinical events: 12 revascularizations, 9 myocardial infarctions, and 15 deaths. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified abnormal ECG (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7, P = 0.03), typical chest pain (OR: 3.8, P = 0.002), diabetes (OR: 4.1, P = 0.001), and known CAD (OR: 2.3, P = 0.03) as independent predictors for adverse outcome, but not noninvasive test result. Thus, in 187 patients with no high‐risk features (41% of the cohort), the annualized event rate was 0.5%. In 272 patients with at least 1 high‐risk feature, annualized event rates were 2.8% and 5.7% when noninvasive test was normal or abnormal, respectively (P = 0.04).ConclusionsClinical risk stratification allows identification of patients at low risk of adverse outcome over an intermediate period of follow‐up. Noninvasive testing is not warranted in such patients.
Adding trees to irrigated turfgrass lawns may be a water‐saving measure in semi‐arid environments
Authors: Litvak Elizaveta , Bijoor Neeta S. , Pataki Diane E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEvapotranspiration (ET) of irrigated urban plants is a large yet uncertain component of urban water budgets in semi‐arid regions. A detailed understanding of plot‐scale ET and its sensitivity to plant species composition is necessary to improve estimates of urban water vapour fluxes and water balance. We used portable enclosed chambers and empirical equations to quantify ET from (1) unshaded urban lawns covered exclusively by turfgrass and (2) urban lawns comprised of open‐grown trees and turfgrass groundcover in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area. Turfgrass at all locations had a non‐limiting supply of soil water because of regular sprinkler irrigation. ET of irrigated turfgrass reached a maximum of 10. 4 ± 1·3 mm d−1and was always higher than plot‐scale tree transpiration, which did not exceed 1 mm d−1. In summer, total plot ET of the lawns with trees was lower than lawns without trees by 0·9–3·9 mm d−1. Turfgrass ET was highly sensitive to solar radiation, and the ratio of ET of lawns with trees to ET of lawns without trees decreased with tree canopy cover. Hence, reductions in turfgrass ET caused by shading effects of open‐grown trees were more important in influencing total landscape ET than the addition of tree transpiration. This suggests that low‐density planting of trees that partially shade irrigated urban lawns may be a water‐saving measure in semi‐arid irrigated environments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific and Reversible Alkynyl Transfer Reactions of an N‐Heterocyclic Phosphane
Authors: Gediga Michael , Burck Sebastian , Bender Johannes , Förster Daniela , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: November 2013

AbstractReaction of P‐chloro‐1,3,2‐diazaphospholenes with alkynyllithium or Grignard reagents produced N‐heterocyclic alkynylphosphanes 3a–c. Terminal alkynylphosphane 3c reacted in the presence of a catalytic amount of CuCl with formation of bis‐phosphanylalkyne 4, ethyne and chlorodiazaphospholene 2b, which was converted into the appropriate azide 6 upon addition of LiN3. Detailed studies allowed us to explain the formal alkynyl/Cl metathesis and alkynyl scrambling as arising from a combination of Cu‐catalysed cross‐coupling steps and the reverse processes, which involved Cu‐induced P–C bond breaking. The superposition of individual steps allows the formulation of an equilibrium reaction: 2 3c [lrarr2] 4 + HCCH. Shift of the equilibrium by enforced release of acetylene into the gas phase enabled quantitative conversion of 3c into 4. Traces of P–C bond‐activation products were also detected upon action of CuCl on 3b with an internal triple bond, but alkynylphosphanes with Ph2P or (iPr2N)2P moieties were unreactive. Alkynylphosphanes 3a–c and 4 were characterised by spectroscopic data and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The presence of notably elongated P–C bonds points to a bond‐weakening effect, which is responsible for explaining the unusual P–C bond reactivity.
An Approach to the Carbon Backbone of Bielschowskysin, Part 2: Non‐Photochemical Strategy
Authors: Farcet Jean‐Baptiste , Himmelbauer Martin , Mulzer Johann 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe stereocontrolled synthesis of complex and highly substituted polycyclic synthetic precursor 2 of the diterpene bielschowskysin is presented. Key steps include a regio‐ and stereoselective hydroalumination as well as an optimized Cr/Ni‐mediated carbon–carbon bond formation between two complex fragments to establish the northern hemisphere of the natural product.
Generation and Conjugate Additions of o‐Quinone Methides Under Mild Base Conditions: Rapid Synthesis of N‐Substituted Aryl Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Wang Wei , Zheng Zhong , Wang Xiangmin , Chen Jinchun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA one‐step approach was observed to give N‐substituted aryl glycine derivatives in good to excellent yields (up to 93 %) from (ortho‐hydroxymethyl)aryl benzoates. A cascade mechanism was proposed for the generation and in situ conjugate addition of the ortho‐quinone methides. This mechanism is strongly supported by our subsequent findings that tertiary amines could promote the process. Different functional groups on the (ortho‐hydroxymethyl)aryl benzoates and various amines were investigated to explore the scope of this cascade process. The substituents on the substrates strongly affected the reaction time and yield, and various primary and secondary amines were used as nucleophiles. The addition of tertiary amines enhanced the addition process for less basic nucleophiles.
A Defunctionalization Concept for the Convenient Synthesis of Bis(5‐arylfuran‐2‐yl)methane Scaffolds
Authors: Tiwari Praveen Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Tufan , Aidhen Indrapal Singh 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe bis(5‐arylfuran‐2‐yl)methane framework has been obtained through defunctionalization of aryl ketones, derived from abundantly available L‐(+)‐tartaric acid, under the influence of acid. The stereocomponents present in these starting aryl ketones have been found to be insignificant for this transformation.
Tunable Phosphine‐Triggered Cascade Reactions of MBH Derivatives and 3‐Acyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones: Highly Selective Synthesis of Diverse Chromenones
Authors: Yuan Wei , Zheng Hu‐Fei , Yu Zhi‐Hua , Tang Zi‐Long , Shi De‐Qing 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDiverse chromenones were synthesized through tunable phosphine‐mediated cascade reactions between 3‐acyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones and Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) derivatives. With different phosphine loadings and reaction temperatures, MBH derivatives act either as C1 or C3 synthons for the construction of potential biologically active 3‐dihydrofuran‐fused chromen‐2‐ones, 4‐allyl‐3‐acyl‐chromen‐2‐ones, or 6H‐benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones. This method has the advantages of mild conditions, simple workup, and wide substrate scope, which make it powerful for the synthesis of diverse chromenone derivatives.
The Synthesis of Tetrazoles in Nanometer Aqueous Micelles at Room Temperature
Authors: Xie Aming , Cao Meiping , Liu Yangyang , Feng Liandong , Hu Xinyu , Dong Wei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA newly developed nonionic amphiphile (GPGS‐1500), a diester composed of a Guerbet alcohol (2‐octyldodecan‐1‐ol), poly(ethylene glycol) 1500 (PEG 1500), and succinic acid esters, has been prepared as an effective nanomicelle‐forming species for the synthesis of tetrazoles in water at room temperature.