bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Chemical Composition and Microcleanliness of the Steel Samples from the Heavy Forging Ingot
Authors: Michałek K. , Tkadleckova M. , Gryc K. , Machovcak P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper presents new results obtained from the evaluation of the chemical composition, microcleanliness and structure of the 90-ton heavy ingot cast in two successive heats, in which the content of Cu and Ni was intentionally modified in order to assess the degree of mutual mixing of the two heats in the ingot volume during the steel casting and solidification. For determination of chemical composition, spectral analysis and LECO were used. Microcleanliness evaluation was carried out on a Hitachi microanalytical complex equipped with the energy-dispersive spectrometer Vantage. To assess the composition of oxide non-metallic inclusions ternary diagrams were used. Structure of the basic steel matrix was induced by etching. The evaluation showed that in the casting of two successive heats, a certain degree of inhomogeneity of chemical composition, especially in the lower part of the ingot can be assumed in case of different composition. A greater segregation of sulphur in the central top part of the ingot was also detected. However, microcleanliness of the entire ingot is in general very good with low proportions of non-metallic inclusions.
The Role of MW Plasma Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels
Authors: Kasprzyk D. , Stypuła B. , Kustrowski P. , Drozdek M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Two stainless steels (S32404 duplex and S32615 austenitic) were subject to the carbon/nitrogen plasma treatment to examine the role of alloy composition and structure in the behavior of surface during modification. The modification process was performed in the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) micro wave plasma system, with the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the generator power of 350 W, and with the use of reactive gas mixtures containing CH4 and N2, at the low temperature of 400°C and under pressure of 0.2Tr. The treated surface was analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of the samples was determined on the basis of LSV polarization curves in 3% sodium chloride solution at 37°C. The treated steel surfaces showed a higher tendency for passivation and higher pitting corrosion resistance compared to the non-modified surfaces.
An Analysis of The Influence of Viscosity on The Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution, as Demonstrated by the CC Process
Authors: Milkowska-Piszczek K. , Korolczuk-Hejnak M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The numerical modelling of casting processes is based on complex software packages, which most often use the finite element method. But the degree of complexity of the applied model may cause an occurrence of numerical errors. These errors may be generated both by an incorrect finite element mesh and by the use of incorrect material characteristics. The ProCAST numerical software package was used for numerical calculations. A 3D model was developed on the basis of the process parameters of an actual continuous steel casting process. The temperature distribution of a solidifying strand, with dimensions of 220x1100mm, was analysed for two steel grades: F320 and S235. A series of numerical simulations were performed where the influence of the applied viscosity values on the solidifying strand temperature distribution was presented. Viscosity values from rheological examinations that were performed with an FRS1600 high-temperature rheometer were used in the numerical simulations of the CC process. The aforementioned rotational measurements were carried out for the F320 and S235 steels in the liquid and in the semi-solid statesto examine the influence of temperature on the viscosity value changes obtained. A concentric cylinder systems working in accordance with Searle’s method was used for the measurements. Numerical calculations that were based on the viscosity values from the CompuTherm LLC, thermodynamic database were compared with one other in the project. The calculated temperature distribution of the solidifying CC strand was verified on the basis of a database that was created during measurements which were conducted in industrial conditions.
The Results Of Consolidation Of Sinters Being Deformed Under Complex Loading Condition
Authors: Rosiak M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the analysis of the possible application of deformation to sinters under uniaxial compression combined with oscillatory torsion. The main problem of the technology relating to the manufacturing of heavy duty machine components using metal powders is associated with the difficulty to obtain sufficiently high, homogeneously distributed densities across the product volume. The tests were carried out using a test stand allowing the deformation under uniaxial compression combined with torsion. The sintered test specimens were made from the NC 100.24 iron powder. The fabricated sintered test specimens were subject to deformation under the uniaxial compression combined with oscillatory torsion, at three different torsion angle values α = ±30; ±50; ±70 respectively. In order to investigate the effect of different torsion frequencies, each test was made at each torsion angle α for at three different frequencies f = 1 Hz; 0.71Hz; 0.32Hz, respectively, and at the same compression velocity. The results obtained allow to conclude that the application of the combined uniaxial compression and oscillatory torsion (for the preset value of draft) during the tests permitted to obtain the average density of the sinters greater than that obtainable in the case of only unconstrained uniaxial compression. The effect of increased density was enhanced by both the additional torsion-induced deformation, and the tangential stress which would promote the closing of pores.
Evaluation Of The Ml Lute Hypothesis In Respect Of Electrotec Hnical Porcelains
Authors: Ranachowski P. , Rejmund F. , Ranachowski Z. , Pawełek A. , Piątkowski A. , Kudela Jr S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the evaluation of the mullite hypothesis explaining the strength of porcelains. There was researched the influence of the mullite phase on the short- and long-term mechanical strength of electrotechnical porcelain of different types (C 110, C 112, C 120 and C 130). The total mullite phase content, the size and distribution of precipitates and dispersed single crystals in the glassy matrix were considered. Mechanoacoustic and microscopic techniques as well as ultrasonic testing were used during the investigation. The role of the mullite phase in the increase of strength and resistance to aging processes of electrical porcelain of various types was described. Mullite hypothesis is valid in reference to siliceous (C 110), cristobalite (C 112) and aluminous C 120 type materials of a typical raw components content and phase composition. In the case of modern strengthened C 120 and C 130 type aluminous materials advantageous are only dispersed fine mullite needles. The precipitates of mullite phase, especially of bigger size, are undesirable.
Modified Ceramic Porous Materials Intended for Retention Viruses Imitating Particles from Water
Authors: Zalewska M. , Szafran M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to perform ceramic composite materials with active filter layers which could be applied in the process of elimination viruses imitating particles from water. In this study, the method of obtaining the active layer on the surface of the ceramic porous materials was developed and simulation of the filtration process using polymer dispersion characterized by similar size of particles to the size of viruses and negative charge at the pH of drinking water as it is in the case of viruses was carried out. In order to obtain ceramic composite materials, two types of zinc oxide were used. Application of ZnO is also beneficial because of their low toxicity to human and antibacterial properties.
Styrene Oxidation by Copper(II) Complexes Salen-Type Encapsulated into Nay Zeolite
Authors: Kuźniarska-Biernacka I. , Carvalho M.A. , Neves I. Correia , Fonseca A. M. , Lisińska-Czekaj A. , Czekaj D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The copper(II) complex with a Schiff-base salen-type ligand has been encapsulated in the nanopores of a NaY zeolite by using two different methodologies, the flexible ligand and in situ complex preparation methods. The encapsulated and non-encapsulated copper(II) complexes were screened as catalysts for styrene oxidation by using TBHP as the oxygen source in acetonitrile solvent. Under the optimized conditions, the catalysts exhibited moderate activity with higher selectivity to benzaldehyde. Both heterogeneous catalysts were found to be reusable after the catalytic cycle, but with some loss of activity
Gelcasting of Alumina with Application of New Monomer Synthesised from Xylitol
Authors: Szudarska A. , Guryniuk D. , Mizerski T. , Szafran M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A new monomer for application in the gelcasting process has been designed and synthesized, following the green chemistry trend to use non toxic and renewable compounds. Xylitol was the main substrate for the synthesis that included 3 stages. The final product, named 1-O-acryloylxylitol, was tested regarding its effectiveness as the processing agent for fabrication of alumina elements by gelcasting method. Rheological properties of the ceramic slurries were studied as well as the properties of shaped elements before and after sintering. The results are compared to those obtained by applying commercial monomer 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.
Synthesis, Microstructure and the Crystalline Structure of the Barium Titanate Ceramics Doped with Lanthanum
Authors: Wodecka-Duś B. , Plońska M. , Czekaj D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the present study BaTiO3 and Ba1-xLaxTiO3 (0.1-0.4mol.% La) ceramic powders were synthesized by the conventional mixed oxide method (MOM). The characterization of the ceramic powders was carried out using a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), with a combined DTA/TG/DTG system (Netzsch STA409). The results of thermal analysis allowed to determine the optimal temperature of synthesis. Microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystalline structure was studied by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The EDS investigations showed that samples exhibited conservation of stoichiometry according to the chemical composition formula. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed formation of the desired crystalline structure both pure and La3+-doped BaTiO3 ceramics exhibiting a perovskite-type structure ABO3 with tetragonal symmetry P4 mm.
The Effect of Synthesis Parameters on Luminescence Properties of Ca-α-Sialon:Eu2+
Authors: Michalik D. , Sopicka-Lizer M. , Pawlik T. , Lisiecki R. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate influence of the synthesis parameters on the luminescence properties of Ca- α -Sialon doped with Eu2+. The compound of Eu0:07Ca0:73Si9:6Al2:4O0:8N15:2 was prepared by the solid state reaction method from the mixture of the relevant oxides, Si3N4 and CaCO3. Synthesis was carried out in the temperature range of 1600-1700°C for 2-8 h in a reduction atmosphere (N2+CO). The structure and morphology of obtained powders were analyzed by XRD and SEM/EDS methods, respectively. Content of nitrogen/oxygen was also measured. Optical properties were investigated by excitation, emission and reflection spectra. Obtained results show strong influence of synthesis temperature on the phase composition and intensity of emission of Ca- -Sialon:Eu2+ powder compound.
Internal Friction in the Ferroelectric – Ferromagnetic Composites
Authors: Zachariasz R. , Bartkowska J.A. , Bochenek D. , Niemiec P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the work, temperature Q-1(T) and amplitude Q-1(") dependences of internal friction for ferroelectric - ferromagnetic composites on the base of the PZT and ferrite were determined. The temperature dependences of internal friction Q-1 reveal the peak in the range of high temperatures. We have investigated the peak associated with the viscous-elastic mobility of ferroelectric domain walls. The internal friction due to the viscous-elastic mobility of ferroelectric domain walls was calculated and compared with the experimental data in the reference to the Wang’s theory. Based on internal friction measurements and theoretical considerations, the peak was described. Additionally the amplitude (isothermal) Q-1(") dependences for the composites were made. This allowed for the interpretation of the maximum observed on the temperature dependences of the internal friction Q-1(T).
Study of Properties of Expanded Graphite – Polymer Porous Composite by Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Berdowski J. , Berdowska S. , Aubry F. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of compressed expanded graphite (CEG) and their porous derivatives after impregnation, polymerization; and carbonization by the use of acoustic emission method (AE). The mechanical and structural characteristics of compressed expanded graphite and their three groups of porous composites after each technological process are presented and discussed. The measurements of acoustic emission parameters in these materials were carried out at wide range of frequency of the waves (0.1÷2.5 MHz). The changes of two of parameters: - AE pulses counts rate and spectrum distribution of AE waves - are presented in this paper. The analysis of the respective parameters AE also gives possibility to determine the micro- and macro structural changes of materials at different levels of technological processes. Applications of these materials as catalysts with high specific surface make them very interesting subject of study. Also compressed expanded graphite composite membranes prepared from furfuryl alcohol polymers are promising for gas separation.
Composite Ag-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ Cathode Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Preparation and Characteristic
Authors: Mosialek M. , Tatko M. , Dudek M. , Bielańska E. , Mordarski G. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Composite cathodes Ag-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ were obtained by two different procedures. In the first procedure porous La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) matrix was prepared by sintering the LSCF paste, the matrix was then saturated with AgNO3 solution and sintered again. Introduced silver crystalized in the form of 10 nm crystallites in the whole LSCF matrix. In the second procedure the paste of silver powder was deposited on the surface of electrolyte and dried. The layer of silver paste was then covered by a layer of the LSCF paste and sintered at 850°C. The following cells were tested: H2|Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9|Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 LSCF|O2, H2|Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9|Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9|LSCF-Ag|O2 and H2|Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9|Ce0.8Sm-O1.9|Ag|LSCF|O2. Introduction of silver interlayer between cathode and electrolyte increased output power by 18-28% whereas introduction of metallic silver into porous LSCF caused increase in power by 14-18%.
Effects of V2O5 Additive on Structure and Dielectric Properties of BiNbO4 Ceramics
Authors: Lisińska-Czekaj A. , Czekaj D. , Osińska K. , Adamczyk M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Goal of the present research was to investigate the influence of V2O5 additive on the structure and dielectric properties of BiNbO4 ceramics. To fabricate BiNbO4 ceramics with V2O5 added the solid state reaction route and pressureless sintering was utilized. Thus obtained ceramics was characterized in terms of its microstructure (SEM), chemical composition (EDS), phase composition and crystalline structure (X-ray phase and structural analysis, respectively). Also dielectric properties in both temperature and frequency domains were investigated. The impedance spectroscopy was utilized for dielectric characterization and the measurements of complex impedance were performed within the frequency range ν =10Hz-1MHz and temperature range T =RT-550°C. It was found that V2O5 additive changed slightly lattice parameters of BiNbO4 ceramics, decreased porosity of samples and revealled relaxation phenomena within the frequency ranges ν =102-103 Hz and ν =105-106 Hz at temperature T>285°C.
Numerical Simulation of Deformations in T-Joint Welded by the Laser Beam
Authors: Piekarska W. , Kubiak M. , Saternus Z. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Numerical simulation of deformations in laser welded T-joint is carried out in this study. The analysis is performed using Abaqus FEA engineering software. Additional author’s numerical subroutines, written in FORTRAN programming language are used in computer simulations where models of the distribution of movable laser beam heat source, kinetics of phase transformations in solid state as well as thermal and structural strain are implemented. Thermomechanical properties of welded material changing with temperature are taken into account in the analysis. Presented results of numerical simulations performed for the laser beam welding of two perpendicularly arranged sheets include temperature distribution, kinetics of phase transformations in solid state, thermal and structural strain as well as estimated welding deformations.
Fabrication of 0.95BaTiO3-0.05Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Ceramics by Conventional Solid State Reaction Method
Authors: Nogas-Cwikiel E. , Suchanicz J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The possibility to obtain of ceramic solid solution between barium titanate and lead magnesium niobate by two-step sintering technique through conventional solid-state reaction method has been investigated. In the first step MgNb2O6 has been synthesized. In the second step 0.95BaTiO3-0.05Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 has been obtained using MgNb2O6, PbO and BaTiO3. The two-step sintering technique is effective for the synthesized of 0.95BaTiO3-0.05Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. Single-phase (pyrochlore-free) ceramics with perovskite phase were obtained.
The Determination of the Magnetoelectric Coupling Coefficient in Ferroelectric–Ferromagnetic Composite Based on PZT–Ferrite
Authors: Bartkowska J.A. , Zachariasz R. , Bochenek D. , Ilczuk J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the present work, the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient, from the temperature dependences of the dielectric permittivity for the multiferroic composite was determined. The research material was ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite on the based PZT and ferrite. We investigated the temperature dependences of the dielectric permittivity (") for the different frequency of measurement’s field. From the dielectric measurements we determined the temperature of phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric phase. For the theoretical description of the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, the Hamiltonian of Alcantara, Gehring and Janssen was used. To investigate the dielectric properties of the multiferroic composite this Hamiltonian was expressed under the mean-field approximation. Based on dielectric measurements and theoretical considerations, the values of the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient were specified.
Technology and Properties of Ferroelectromagnetic Lead–Free BFN–Ferrite Composites
Authors: Bochenek D. , Niemiec P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A lead free ceramic composite 0.9BaFe0:5Nb0:5O3-0.1Ni0:5Zn0:5Fe2O4 (BFN-NZF) with ferroelectromagnetic properties have been obtained in presented work. Ceramic composite powder obtained from the simple oxides Fe2O3, Nb2O5, ZnO, NiO and barium carbonate BaCO3. The composition of the composite was chosen so that the ratio of the BFN and NZF components was 90:10. The synthesis of components of BFN-NZF composite was performed using the calcination method. Final densification of synthesized powder has been done using free sintering. The XRD, the microstructure, EDS and dielectric investigations were performed. For comparison of the BFN ceramic and the BFN-NZF composites, temperature and frequency impedance research was conducted. Relaxation phenomena were observed at temperatures above 235°C in the BFN ceramic and above 150°C in the BFN-NZF composite. Obtained results show the coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic properties. Such properties of obtained composites give the possibility to use them in magnetoelectric transducers.
PROSPECTION FOR COPPER MINERALIZATION WITH CONTRIBUTION OF REMOTE SENSING, GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGRAPHICAL DATA IN ABHAR 1:100,000 SHEET, NW IRAN / POSZUKIWANIA ZASOBÓW RUD MIEDZI Z ZASTOSOWANIEM ZDALNYCH TECHNIK WYKORZYSTUJĄCYCH DANE GEOCHEMICZNE I MINERALOGICZNE W POKŁADZIE GEOLOGICZNYM ABHAR 1:100,000 W PÓŁNOCNO-ZACHODNIM IRANIE
Authors: Nouri Reza , Jafari Mohammadreza , Arian Mehran , Feizi Faranak , Afzal Peyman 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Abhar 1:100,000 sheet is located within the Cenozoic Tarom volcano-plutonic belt, NW Iran. The present study is based on the integration of remote sensing techniques on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), geochemical data analysis consisting of stream sediment and lithogeochemical samples, within geological field observations and mineralographical studies to identify Cu prospect. On ASTER data; using a number of selected methods including band ratio, Least Square Fit (LS-Fit) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) distinguished alternation zones. These methods revealed that three types of alterations: argillic, phyllic, and iron oxide zones occurring at the NE and SE of Abhar sheet, while the propylitic and silica zones are developed in NW and SW of the studied area. Lineaments were identified by aid of false color composite, high pass filters and hill-shade DEM techniques that two NW-SE and NE-SW major trends were determined. Geochemical anomalies were separated by number-size (N-S) method. Interpretation of N-S log-log plots of Cu in the area may be a result of the three steps of enrichment, i.e., mineralization and later dispersions. Field checks and Mineralgraphical studies also confirm the existence of suitable copper mineralization.
PROGNOSTIC ACCUMULATION ZONES FOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS IN THE CRITERIA FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN THE MAIN DOLOMITE IN GORZOW-PNIEWY AREA / PROGNOSTYCZNE STREFY AKUMULACJI DLA ROPY NAFTOWEJ I GAZU ZIEMNEGO W KRYTERIACH ROZKŁADU PARAMETRÓW PETROFIZYCZNYCH DOLOMITU GŁÓWNEGO W OBSZARZE GORZÓW-PNIEWY
Authors: Semyrka Roman , Maruta Michał , Pasternacki Andrzej 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The carbonate reservoirs are anisotropic environments in terms of both the quantitative and qualitative evaluations of pore space. The oil-and-gas-bearing Main Dolomite horizon shows diversified lithology, facial development and thickness resulting in complicated, fluid capacity-fluid filtration system. This system influences both the evaluation and exploration perspectives in the Zechstein Main Dolomite (Ca2) from the Gorzów-Pniewy area. In order to clarify this problem and to determine the hydrocarbon accumulation perspectives, analysis of petrophysical parameters based upon the porosimetric measurements was carried on for the Main Dolomite in the study area, where oil and gas accumulations were discovered. The results of porosimetric measurements clearly indicate the heterogeneity of petrophysical parameters of the Main Dolomite referred to lithologically diversified palaeogeographic zones distinguished in the study area. Such analysis, including the hydrocarbon storage capacity of the Main Dolomite, enabled us to evaluate the possible hydrocarbon accumulation related to generation potential of this horizon.