bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Thyroid Disease and Preterm Birth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sheehan Penelope M. , Nankervis Alison , Araujo Júnior Edward , Da Silva Costa Fabricio 
Published: September 2015

Context:
Thyroid disease in pregnancy is increasing with rising average maternal ages in developed countries. The evidence for an association between preterm birth and thyroid disease has been confounded by small studies with varying outcomes and methodology.

Objective:
The aim of this meta-analysis is to review the literature regarding thyroid disease including subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and isolated hypothyroxinemia and the specific outcome of preterm birth.

Data Sources:
A search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed in May 2015. A fixed-effects model was used to calculate the overall combined odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to evaluate the relationship between thyroid disease and preterm delivery.

Study Selection:
Studies were considered eligible if they met the following criteria: prospective cohort study or a case control study; the exposure of interest was maternal thyroid disease, including subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or isolated hypothyroxinemia; the outcome of interest was preterm delivery; and data regarding numbers of preterm births in each cohort were reported.

Data Extraction:
Data were recorded in a database evidence table including any incidence data for maternal thyroid disease and preterm birth compared to a reference group.

Data Synthesis:
Fourteen cohort studies and one case control study involving 2 532 704 participants were included. The combined OR of preterm delivery for pregnant women with overt hypothyroidism compared with the reference group was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.12–1.26; P &lt; .00001). There was also a significant risk of preterm birth in women with hyperthyroidism (OR, 1.24 [95%, CI 1.17–1.31]; P &lt; .00001). Subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated hypothyroxinemia showed no significant increase in OR. Sensitivity analysis made no change to these results.

Conclusion:
Both overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with a small but statistically significant increase in OR for preterm birth not seen in subclinical hypothyroidism or isolated hypothyroxinemia.
Nanotube Reactor with a Lipase Wall Interior for Enzymatic Ring-opening Oligomerization of Lactone
Authors: Amano Yusuke , Komatsu Teruyuki 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Protein nanotubes having an inner surface wall of Candida antarctica lipase B were synthesized by alternating layer-by-layer assembly in a porous polycarbonate membrane. Scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed the formation of uniform hollow cylinders with an outer diameter of 393 ± 9 nm. Enzymatic ring-opening oligomerization of 12-dodecanolactone was achieved in the one-dimensional pore space interior of nanotube in aqueous medium.
Al16-hydroxide Cluster-containing Tetrameric Polyoxometalate, [{α-Al3SiW9O34(µ-OH)6}4{Al4(µ-OH)6}]22−
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Matsunaga Satoshi , Nomiya Kenji 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A novel Al16-hydroxide cluster-containing polyoxometalate tetramer, [{α-Al3SiW9O34(µ-OH)6}4{Al4(µ-OH)6}]22− (Al16-tetramer), was obtained as a potassium salt and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis, TG/DTA, and (29Si, 183W) NMR. The Al16-tetramer adopts a nanosized structure containing an Al16-hydroxide cluster, and maintains its structure in solution. Therefore, the Al16-tetramer is a model compound for aluminum-containing clusters.
A home-based comprehensive care model in patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A study pre-protocol
Authors: Young Lufei , Healey Kathleen , Charlton Mary , Schmid Kendra , Zabad Rana , Wester Rebecca 
Published: September 2015

Background Disability is prevalent in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), leading to difficulty in care access, significant caregiver burden, immense challenges in self-care and great societal burden. Without highly coordinated, competent and accessible care, individuals living with progressive MS experience psychological distress, poor quality of life, suffer from life-threatening complications, and have frequent but avoidable healthcare utilizations. Unfortunately, current healthcare delivery models present severe limitations in providing easily accessible, patient-centered, coordinated comprehensive care to those with progressive MS. We propose a home-based comprehensive care model (MAHA) to address the unmet needs, challenges, and avoidable complications in individuals with progressive MS with disabling disease.Objective The article aims to describe the study design and methods used to implement and evaluate the proposed intervention. Method The study will use a randomized controlled design to evaluate the feasibility of providing a 24-month, home-based, patient-centered comprehensive care program to improve quality of life, reduce complications and healthcare utilizations overtime (quarterly) for 24 months. A transdisciplinary team led by a MS-Comprehensivist will carry out this project. Fifty MS patients will be randomly assigned to the intervention and usual care program using block randomization procedures. We hypothesize that patients in the intervention group will have fewer complications, higher quality of life, greater satisfaction with care, and reduced healthcare utilization. The proposed project is also expected to be financially sustainable in fee-for-service models but best suited for and gain financial success in valued-based care systems. Discussion This is the first study to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based comprehensive care management program in MS patients living with progressive disability. If successful, it will have far-reaching implications in research, education and practice in terms of providing high quality but affordable care to population living with severe complex, disabling conditions.
Optimal Sparse Designs for Process Flexibility via Probabilistic Expanders
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Yuan 
Published: September 2015

We study the problem of how to design a sparse flexible process structure in a balanced and symmetrical production system to match supply with random demand more effectively. Our goal is to provide a sparsest design to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality relative to the fully flexible system. In a balanced system with n plants and n products, Chou et al. (2011) proved that there exists a graph expander with O(n/ϵ) arcs to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality for every demand realization. Wang and Zhang (2015) showed that the simple k-chain design with O(n/ϵ) arcs can achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in expectation. In this paper, we introduce a new concept called probabilistic graph expanders. We prove that a probabilistic expander with O(n ln(1/ϵ)) arcs guarantees (1 − ϵ)-optimality with high probability (w.h.p.), which is a stronger notion of optimality as compared to the expected performance. Easy-to-implement randomized and deterministic constructions of probabilistic expanders are provided. We show our bound is best possible in the sense that any structure should need at least Ω(n ln(1/ϵ)) arcs to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in expectation (and hence w.h.p.). We also show that in order to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in the worst case, any design would need at least Ω(n/ϵ) arcs; and in order to achieve (1 − ϵ)-optimality in expectation, k-chain needs at least Ω(n/ϵ) arcs.
¡Surge Peruano, Surge! Towards a cartography of independent fashion design in Peru
Authors: Cuba Lucia 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article explores notions of independent fashion design in Peru, addressing two actors within the local fashion design and textile systems that have played an important and relational role in its emergence: independent fashion designers and the Gamarra Commercial Emporium (or Gamarra) in Lima. Notions of independent fashion are explored in terms of their impact in contemporary fashion practices in Peru, aiming to go beyond a singular notion of independent fashion design. I will argue that a cartography of independent fashion design in Peru should account for the multiple voices and trajectories of the actors that shape it, considering independent fashion design as a movement of economic and affective dimensions. The article presents the story of Amapolay: Independent Manufacturers as a case study and one of many paths that shape the emerging fashion systems of independent design in Peru. It highlights the need to produce empirical research on emerging and independent design practices in the region, considering the experience of Peru as one of several national routes of independent design in Latin America that merit further study and theorization.
Of civil and social contracts: Azoulay after Hobbes
Authors: Fardy Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Ariella Azoulay’s concept of ‘the civil contract of photography’ innovatively responds to the long tradition of social contract theory inaugurated by Thomas Hobbes. I argue that a comparative analysis between Hobbes and Azoulay (through a Schmittian lens) exposes both Azoulay’s debt to ‘the monster of Malmesbury’, while simultaneously exposing to view the profound limits this debt imposes on Azoulay’s ethical project to wrest the concept of citizenship free from the ideology of the nation state.
The Dynamics of Incentives, Productivity, and Operational Risk
Authors: Anglin Paul , Gao Yanmin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper develops a dynamic principal-agent model and applies it to understand changes in labor productivity and operational risk. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of matching the terms of the job contract to the technology. Such issues would be especially important in service industries and in the knowledge-based economy where discretionary effort tends to play a greater role. We show that the production technology needs to be characterized by at least two parameters: one parameter which measures output independent of the worker’s effort and a second parameter which measures the effect of the effort. We solve for the Renegotiation-Proof Nash Equilibrium. We show that there can be a tension between increasing expected productivity and controlling costs per worker. Our analysis also adds to the growing interest in “operational risk”, which is associated with human actions. The closed form solutions provided by our model provide a natural way to consider the impact and possibility of this type of risk. Our analysis demonstrates why the effect of a negative event should be considered relative to a concept of normal which is based on an equilibrium, that uncertainty in the external environment enables (but does not cause) operational risk events and that both the equilibrium and the effects vary with the production technology.
Pre-exposure embrittlement of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy, AA2024-T351
Authors: Holroyd N.J. Henry , Evans J.T. , Scamans Geoffrey M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
When Al-Cu-Mg (AA2024-T351) alloy plate is immersed in 0.53 m NaCl solution, intergranular corrosion occurs, which initially takes the form of narrow fissures at the surface. Although growth of these fissures is initially rapid, it soon slows and the penetration depth is limited. However, these intergranular fissures can give rise to intergranular subcritical crack growth and eventual catastrophic fracture if specimens are strained slowly in laboratory air after pre-exposure to the NaCl solution. In our experiments, tensile specimens of the alloy were strained at strain rates in the range 10-7–10-4/s, and the cracking propensity was found to increase with pre-exposure times up to around 300 h. However, cracking was much reduced with longer pre-exposure times and became negligible after 500 h. This rather unexpected result can be explained by the observation that the intergranular corrosion fissure becomes increasingly broad and un-crack-like with extended pre-exposure times, failing to meet the prerequisite initiation conditions required for intergranular stress corrosion cracking. A further unexpected result was that straining specimens in the same 0.53 m NaCl solution after pre-exposure produced no intergranular crack growth. To investigate this further, tensile tests were conducted under electrochemical control, and this showed that the free corrosion potential in the test solution was too low in 0.53 m NaCl to allow cracking to proceed.
Reduction of triangulated categories and maximal modification algebras
for cAn
singularities
Authors: Iyama Osamu , Wemyss Michael 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper we define and study triangulated categories in which the Hom-spaces have Krull dimension at most one over some base ring (hence they have a natural 2-step filtration), and each factor of the filtration satisfies some Calabi–Yau type property.
If

𝒞

\mathcal{C}

is such a category, we say that

𝒞

\mathcal{C}

is Calabi–Yau with

dim
⁡
𝒞

≤
1

\dim\mathcal{C}\leq 1

. We extend the notion of Calabi–Yau reduction to this setting, and prove general results which are an analogue of known results in cluster theory.
Such categories appear naturally in the setting of Gorenstein singularities in dimension three as the stable categories

CM
¯

R

\mathop{\underline{\textup{CM}}}R

of Cohen–Macaulay modules. We explain the connection between Calabi–Yau reduction of

CM
¯

R

\mathop{\underline{\textup{CM}}}R

and both partial crepant resolutions and

ℚ

\mathbb{Q}

-factorial terminalizations of

Spec
⁡
R

\operatorname{Spec}R

, and we show under quite general assumptions that Calabi–Yau reductions exist.
In the remainder of the paper we focus on complete local

c
⁢

A
n

cA_{n}

singularities R. By using a purely algebraic argument based on Calabi–Yau reduction of

CM
¯

R

\mathop{\underline{\textup{CM}}}R

, we give a complete classification of maximal modifying modules in terms of the symmetric group, generalizing and strengthening results in
[I. Burban, O. Iyama, B. Keller and I. Reiten,
Cluster tilting for one-dimensional hypersurface singularities,
Adv. Math. 217 2008, 6, 2443–2484],
[H. Dao and C. Huneke,
Vanishing of Ext, cluster tilting and finite global dimension of endomorphism rings,
Amer. J. Math. 135 2013, 2, 561–578],
where we do not need any restriction on the ground field. We also describe the mutation of modifying modules at an arbitrary (not necessarily indecomposable) direct summand. As a corollary when

k
=
ℂ

k=\mathbb{C}

we obtain many autoequivalences of the derived category
of the

ℚ

\mathbb{Q}

-factorial terminalizations of

Spec
⁡
R

\operatorname{Spec}R

.
Leadership and mentorship: service leaders as mentors of the followers
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Lin Li 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAccording to the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management, an effective service leader serves as a mentor for his/her followers. Aside from promoting their followers’ professional and personal growth, mentoring also contributes to the development of the service leaders themselves. In this paper, a lecture addressing the concept and functions of mentoring is outlined, along with its relationship with service leadership. The professional and psychosocial functions of mentoring to service leaders and followers and various ways to promote mentoring in service leadership are highlighted. Students are also encouraged to reflect on the potential harmful effects of mentoring on the leader-follower relationship.
Effects of thermal processing combined with sucrose on the vitamin C content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and sensory characteristics of arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) purée during frozen storage
Authors: Narváez-Cuenca Carlos Eduardo , Silva-Bustos Kelly Johanna , Restrepo-Sánchez Luz Patricia 
Published: September 2015

The effects of a 80°C, 1 minute thermal treatment (H treatment) and of the same treatment combined with sucrose (SH treatment) on the chemical and sensory qualities of arazá purée were evaluated during 4 months of storage at -20°C. For the control, an untreated sample (C) was included. The chemical qualities evaluated were vitamin C content, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AoA), which were measured with the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while a trained panel was used for the sensory quality evaluation. After 4 months of frozen storage, SH was more effective than H at controlling the loss of chemical quality. SH provided a similar FRAP-AoA (89%) and vitamin C content (87%), as well as a higher TPC (145%), ABTS-AoA (272%), and DPPH-AoA (115%), when compared to C before frozen storage. The total sensory qualities in both the SH purée (15±1) and the H purée (16±1) after 4 months at -20°C were comparable to those of the C purée before the frozen storage (18±2). Therefore, using sucrose combined with a thermal treatment and subsequent frozen storage preserves the chemical and sensory qualities of arazá purée.
Reuse of degraded Pleurotus ostreatus substrate through supplementation with wheat bran and Calprozime® quantitative parameters
Authors: Picornell Mª Raquel , Pardo Arturo , De Juan-Valero† José Arturo 
Published: September 2015

In this study, the agronomic viability of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) P. Kumm. was studied by reusing spent substrates that were previously used for crops of this mushroom. After the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates, we evaluated the quantitative production parameters for one growing season. The experiment used wheat straw (WS) and spent Pleurotus substrate (SPS) as a base material to generate prepared substrates that could be reutilized for mushroom production. These base substrates were supplemented with wheat bran (WB) (two doses, 300 and 600 g/6 kg) and the commercial supplement Calprozime® (120 g/6 kg). We obtained a biological efficiency (BE) between 50 and 63%, a high quantity of mushrooms (between 26 and 39 mushrooms/bag) and an excellent unit weight of the fruiting bodies (between 24.34 and 39.54 g) with the substrates supplemented with a 120 g/6 kg dose of Calprozime®.
Evaluation of agrochemicals and bioinputs for sustainable bean management on the Caribbean coast of Colombia
Authors: Melo R. Aslenis , Ariza Pedro , Lissbrant Sofía , Tofiño Adriana 
Published: September 2015

The sustainable expansion of bean cultivations requires technologies that do not limit their phyto-recovering properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose agronomic management of conservation for bean cultivation considering the microbiological characteristics of two mega-environments of the Colombian Caribbean coast and the compatibility between agrochemicals and bioinputs. The methodology included rhizospheric microbe population counts, identification of phytopathogenic fungi in plant tissues and soils, compatibility studies of pesticides with biocontrollers, and determination of residual contents of pesticides in bean seeds. The microbial populations corresponded to those previously registered for the lower tropics, but with quantitative differences in the genera. Phytophthora, Colletotrichum and Fusarium were registered in the humid Caribbean, while Colletotrichum and Curvularia affected crops in the dry Caribbean. The Beauveria bioinput was not compatible with the evaluated agrochemicals, while Trichoderma was compatible with chlorpyrifos, thiabendazole and oxycarboxin. Metarhizium was compatible with glyphosate and oxycarboxin at 10% of the recommended dose. Lindane residues were found in the beans harvested at three of the studied locations. The combined use of agrochemicals and bioinputs on bean crops is feasible as long as the time of application of the latter is made according to the half-life of the chemical and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.
Fatty acid content of avocados (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) in relation to orchard altitude and fruit maturity stage
Authors: Carvalho Catarina Pedro , Bernal E. Jorge , Velásquez María Alejandra , Cartagena V. José Régulo 
Published: September 2015

The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the fatty acid content and the altitude of orchards and fruit maturity stage of avocados (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass) at different locations in the department of Antioquia (Colombia). Orchards between 1,340 and 2,420 m a.s.l. were selected and the fatty acid profile and content of the fruits were analyzed. Oleic acid showed the highest percentage for all of the locations and its percentage decreased drastically at lower altitudes, meanwhile the percentage of palmitoleic and linoleic acids increased in these orchards. The oleic/palmitoleic, linoleic/palmitoleic, and oleic/linoleic indexes increased significantly at higher altitudes. Palmitoleic acid increased significantly with the maturity stage (dry matter content) of the avocados for all of the locations. Some fatty acids showed a high linear correlation with the fruit maturity stage, varying the type of acid or index with altitude. The fatty acid content is a variable to consider in future studies for a protected designation of origin (PDO), due to the close relationship observed with the geographical growing area and its importance to human health. More assessments must be taken over the course of years and harvests with more contrasting environments in order to obtain more robust information and feed the model.
Medical Device Safety and Surgical Dissemination of Unrecognized Uterine Malignancy: Morcellation in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Hall Tracilyn , Lee Susanna I. , Boruta David M. , Goodman Annekathryn 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

There is a risk of dissemination of uterine malignancies during minimally invasive hysterectomies when morcellation is used. Although the technique of uterine power morcellation allows timely removal of large benign tumors through small laparoscopic incisions, there are concerns about iatrogenic spread of cancers and reduced survival for women with preoperatively unrecognized malignancies. This review examines the literature on intraperitoneal spread and implantation of mechanically disrupted malignant tissue, discusses the current diagnostic tools for preoperative assessment of uterine tumors, and summarizes the current recommendations of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. Recommendations include informed consent of the risk of disseminating an otherwise contained malignancy, appropriate preoperative evaluation for malignancy, and development of alternatives to intracorporeal morcellation.

Implications for Practice:
Preoperative assessment of uterine masses or abnormal uterine bleeding must include understanding of the limitations of an endometrial biopsy and imaging studies to evaluate the possibility of a uterine malignancy. Minimally invasive surgery using morcellation of benign uterine growths is well established and safe; however, alternative surgical techniques to morcellation must be considered when the malignant potential of a uterine mass is uncertain. Morcellation carries the risk of widespread peritoneal seeding of an unrecognized uterine malignancy. Gynecologic surgeons must weigh the unlikely occurrence of disseminating an undiagnosed uterine sarcoma with the much more common surgical risks of abdominal surgery.