bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Reperfusion and Cooling in Cerebral Acute Ischemia (ReCCLAIM I)
Authors: Horn Christopher M , Sun Chung-Huan J , Nogueira Raul G , Patel Vishal N , Krishnan Arun , Glenn Brenda A , Belagaje Samir R , Thomas Tommy T , Anderson Aaron M , Frankel Michael R , Schindler Kiva M , Gupta Rishi 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe efficacy of hypothermia as a neuroprotectant has yet to be demonstrated in acute ischemic stroke. We conducted a phase I pilot study to assess the feasibility and safety of performing intravascular hypothermia after definitive intra-arterial reperfusion therapy (IAT).MethodsReCCLAIM (Reperfusion andCooling inCerebralAcuteIschemia) is a prospective single-arm open-label clinical trial conducted between May and August 2012 at Grady Memorial Hospital. Twenty patients with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) 5–7 and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score > 13 were enrolled and treated with intravascular cooling immediately after IAT. The incidence of pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, cardiac arrhythmias and postoperative hemorrhages was documented for the entire length of stay. Secondary outcomes included blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown on gadolinium-enhanced MRIs and 90-day modified Rankin scores (mRS).ResultsThe mean age, median NIHSS score and median final infarct volume were 59.7±14.6 years, 19 (IQR16–22) and 78 cm3(IQR 16–107), respectively. The average time to the target temperature (33°C) was 64±50 min. Intracranial hemorrhages were found in three patients, of which one was symptomatic. Evidence of BBB breakdown was observed on 3 of 14 MRIs (21%). Six patients died due to withdrawal of care, whereas six patients (30%) achieved mRS of 0–2 at 90 days. In a binary logistical regression model comparing ReCCLAIM patients with 68 historical controls at our institution, hypothermia was protective against intracerebral hemorrhages (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.56; p<0.01).ConclusionsHypothermia can be safely performed after definitive IAT in patients with large pretreatment core infarcts. A phase II study randomizing patients to hypothermia or normothermia is needed to properly assess the efficacy of hypothermia as a neuroprotectant for reperfusion injury.Trial registration numberNCT01585597.
Arkadia Regulates Tumor Metastasis by Modulation of the TGF-β Pathway
Authors: Briones-Orta Marco A. , Levy Laurence , Madsen Chris D. , Das Debipriya , Erker Yigit , Sahai Erik , Hill Caroline S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
TGF-β can act as a tumor suppressor at early stages of cancer progression and as a tumor promoter at later stages. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Arkadia (RNF111) is a critical component of the TGF-β signaling pathway, being required for a subset of responses, those mediated by Smad3–Smad4 complexes. It acts by mediating ligand-induced degradation of Ski and SnoN (SKIL), which are 2 potent transcriptional repressors. Here, we investigate the role of Arkadia in cancer using model systems to address both potential tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles. Stable reexpression of Arkadia in lung carcinoma NCI-H460 cells, which we show contain a hemizygous nonsense mutation in the Arkadia/RNF111 gene, efficiently restored TGF-β–induced Smad3-dependent transcription, and substantially decreased the ability of these cells to grow in soft agar in vitro. However, it had no effect on tumor growth in vivo in mouse models. Moreover, loss of Arkadia in cancer cell lines and human tumors is rare, arguing against a prominent tumor-suppressive role. In contrast, we have uncovered a potent tumor-promoting function for Arkadia. Using 3 different cancer cell lines whose tumorigenic properties are driven by TGF-β signaling, we show that loss of Arkadia function, either by overexpression of dominant negative Arkadia or by siRNA-induced knockdown, substantially inhibited lung colonization in tail vein injection experiments in immunodeficient mice. Our findings indicate that Arkadia is not critical for regulating tumor growth per se, but is required for the early stages of cancer cell colonization at the sites of metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1800–10. ©2012 AACR.
Alkaline Phosphatase ALPPL-2 Is a Novel Pancreatic Carcinoma-Associated Protein
Authors: Dua Pooja , Kang Hye Suk , Hong Seung-Mo , Tsao Ming-Sound , Kim Soyoun , Lee Dong-ki 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a very low median survival rate. The lack of early sensitive diagnostic markers is one of the main causes of PDAC-associated lethality. Therefore, to identify novel pancreatic cancer biomarkers that can facilitate early diagnosis and also help in the development of effective therapeutics, we developed RNA aptamers targeting pancreatic cancer by Cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) approach. Using a selection strategy that could generate aptamers for 2 pancreatic cancer cell lines in one selection scheme, we identified an aptamer SQ-2 that could recognize pancreatic cancer cells with high specificity. Next, by applying 2 alternative approaches: (i) aptamer-based target pull-down and (ii) genome-wide microarray-based identification of differentially expressed mRNAs in aptamer-positive and -negative cells, we identified alkaline phosphatase placental-like 2 (ALPPL-2), an oncofetal protein, as the target of SQ-2. ALPPL-2 was found to be ectopically expressed in many pancreatic cancer cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. RNA interference-mediated ALPPL-2 knockdown identified novel tumor-associated functions of this protein in pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. In addition, the aptamer-mediated identification of ALPPL-2 on the cell surface and cell secretions of pancreatic cancer cells supports its potential use in the serum- and membrane-based diagnosis of PDAC. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1934–45. ©2012 AACR.
Small-Molecule Inhibitor BMS-777607 Induces Breast Cancer Cell Polyploidy with Increased Resistance to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Agents
Authors: Sharma Sharad , Zeng Jun-Ying , Zhuang Chun-Mei , Zhou Yong-Qing , Yao Hang-Ping , Hu Xing , Zhang Ruiwen , Wang Ming-Hai 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The RON receptor tyrosine kinase is a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Here, we report therapeutic effect and phenotypic change of breast cancer cells in response to BMS-777607, a RON tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Treatment of breast cancer cells with BMS-777607 at therapeutic doses inhibited cancerous clonogenic growth but had only minimal effect on cell apoptosis. Significantly, BMS-777607 induced extensive polyploidy with multiple sets of chromosomes in cancer cells. This effect is independent of RON expression. Knockdown of RON in T-47D and ZR-75-1 cells by specific siRNA did not prevent polyploid formation. Immunofluorescent analysis of α-tubulin and γ-tubulin expression in polyploid cells revealed that BMS-777607 disrupts bipolar spindle formation and causes multipolar-like microtubule assembly. Also, both metaphase equatorial alignment and chromosomal segregation were absent in polyploid cells. These results suggest that cellular mitosis arrests at prophase/pro-metaphase and fails to undergo cytokinesis. By analyzing kinase-inhibitory profiles, aurora kinase B was identified as the target molecule inhibited by BMS-777607. In BMS-777607–treated cells, aurora kinase B was inhibited followed by protein degradation. Moreover, BMS-777607 inhibited Ser10 phosphorylation of histone H3, a substrate of aurora kinase B. Chemosensitivity analysis indicated the resistance of polyploid cells toward chemotherapeutics. Treatment with doxorubicin, bleomycin, methotrexate, and paclitaxel significantly increased cellular IC50 values. These findings highlight the theory that BMS-777607 acts as a multikinase inhibitor at therapeutic doses and is capable of inducing polyploidy by inhibiting aurora kinase B. Increased resistance of polyploid cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics could have a negative impact on targeted cancer therapy using BMS-777607. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(5); 725–36. ©2013 AACR.
Early-Phase Development of Cancer Prevention Agents: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Perloff Marjorie , Steele Vernon E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Chemoprevention is the administration of agents (drugs, biologics, dietary supplements, or nutrients) to reduce the risk of developing cancer or prevent the recurrence of cancer. The National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention (NCI, DCP), is a major sponsor of cancer preventive preclinical and clinical research. As such, it has developed a comprehensive drug development program specifically designed to meet the requirements needed for cancer preventive drugs to achieve initial regulatory approval. Clinical development of cancer prevention agents presents unique challenges that are not encountered with most cancer therapeutic agents. To meet these challenges, NCI, DCP has implemented new approaches and programs, including phase 0 clinical trial designs and microdose studies. In addition, the PREVENT Cancer Program was recently implemented by NCI, DCP to offer a formalized structure for moving drugs forward in the prevention pipeline using a continue/not continue decision process. Likewise, DCP has implemented a Clinical Trials Consortium to further develop these agents. These and other approaches will be discussed in this commentary. Cancer Prev Res; 6(5); 379–83. ©2013 AACR.
Anarchic Souls: Plato’s Depiction of the ‘Democratic Man’
Authors: Johnstone Mark 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In books 8 and 9 of Plato’s Republic, Socrates provides a detailed account of the nature and origins of four main kinds of vice found in political constitutions and in the kinds of people that correspond to them. The third of the four corrupt kinds of person he describes is the ‘democratic man’. In this paper, I ask what ‘rules’ in the democratic man’s soul. It is commonly thought that his soul is ruled in some way by its appetitive part, or by a particular class of appetitive desires. I reject this view, and argue instead that his soul is ruled by a succession of desires of a full range of different kinds. I show how this view helps us better understand Plato’s depiction of corrupt souls in the Republic more generally, and with it his views on the rule of the soul, appetitive desire, and the nature of vice.
Analysis of Context, Structure, and Process in Relation to Reformist Demands on Education
Authors: Fitzgerald R. T. 
Published: March 2013

So far the educational bureaucracies have managed to adjust their procedures to continuing change without having to transform their basic structures. They easily met the post-war challenge by reformists because the theories put forward did not clearly match the cultural pattern. The stimulus to change originated from outside the social system. More recently, however, the challenge has come from within. Assertive tactics by teachers' bodies seeking more power and influence, the evolution of the local culture and radical change in the learning process threaten the traditional order of things. Viable ways of limiting the consequent tensions and creating a new equilibrium have yet to be worked out.
Manual Training Teachers and other Teachers—A Comparison of Their Perceptions and Satisfactions and a Commentary
Authors: Grassie McCrae C. 
Published: March 2013

This paper reports on an investigation into fourteen Queensland high schools with instruments measuring perceptions of school climate, bureaucratization, satisfaction and professionalism. The factor scores of manual training teachers and those of teachers of general subjects are compared and five significant differences found. Manual training teachers believe less in the importance of autonomy and more in the importance of service. They perceive in their schools more evidence of leadership and more opportunities for participation in decision-making and they are more satisfied with their colleagues than are other teachers in the schools. The relative lack of supervision they experience appears to be “a healthy neglect”.
Relationship of Print Size to Visual Distance in Silent Reading of Infants School Children
Authors: Parker James L. 
Published: March 2013

Interrelationships of size of print, visual distance (ViD) and speed of reading of young children were investigated. Silent reading of 5–8 year olds was focussed upon, yielding results which supplemented and replicated those of an earlier investigation by the author dealing with the oral reading of 9–13 year olds. A central hypothesis that ViD varies inversely with size of print was advanced to account for the finding that speed of reading bears no relation to size of print being read. The hypothesis was supported and implications were discussed.
Retention of Linked and Ordered Sentences
Authors: White Richard T. 
Published: March 2013

Several studies were made of the degree to which free recall of meaningful information is a function of the perceived linking and ordering of the information. Substantive result: information in sentences that are perceived to be linked and ordered is recalled better than information in sentences that are perceived to be unrelated; this effect is greater than can be accounted for by simple cueing through associations between constituent words. Methodological recommendation: to ensure that participants in a study process information into semantic memory, they should be required to write an answer to a question about the information; oral answers are insufficient. Clinical observation: some secondary school students follow a marked strategy of storing information verbatim; they appear to be inferior at recalling.
Variations in the Environment of Self-Paced Classrooms: Their Nature, Determinants and Effects
Authors: Power Colin , Tisher Richard 
Published: March 2013

In a series of studies where units from the Australian Science Education Project (ASEP) were used to guide classroom activities, a number of pre- and posttest measures were administered to assess pupils' understandings, their attitude to science and science concepts, and their perceptions of the learning environment. The Learning Environment Inventory and Class Activities Questionnaire were used to measure pupils' perceptions, and classroom behaviours were classified using a scheme designed especially for the purpose. The data were analysed using correlational, canonical correlational, and multiple regression techniques, and a number of interpretable findings were obtained. The introduction of the ASEP units did have a marked effect on the nature of classroom behaviours and led to changes in how pupils perceived the learning environment. Using the canonical and regression analyses it was possible to predict the class environment more successfully than individual successes in the environment, although the environmental measures contributed little to explaining the variance in the achievements, attitudes and satisfactions of individuals studying the ASEP units. There were some interesting congruences between the results from the behaviour and perception measures, but the findings also raise some queries about the use of both sets of measures in self-paced learning environments.
Papua New Guinea: A New Paternalism
Authors: Young R. E. 
Published: March 2013

Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in a mutually supporting manner to explore the attitudes of educated Papua New Guineans. Data were obtained from a sample of 529 students and 40 middle-level government employees. The results of the study indicate that educated Papua New Guineans possess generally elitist and paternalist attitudes towards the uneducated and favour some restriction of their political participation especially at the national level or in modern matters. The results of multiple regression analysis did not support the hypothesis that those with greatest contact with Europeans would possess the most elitist attitudes. “For many people. Education is the only thing that will make us break through and be treated like human beings. Not to stand up against them, but to become equal. For many people, education is the only thing that will do this, that will make it so that they marry us people and become equal. People ask me when they hear that I work in this Department, “What I do?” and I tell them and they say, “Is that the same sort of job Europeans do?” They have the idea that if a person goes to University that he is equal to a European on educational grounds”.
The Predictive Validity of the Ravens Progressive Matrices Test with Migrant Children
Authors: Johnson E. G. , Hilton S. , MacDonald I. , Sheaffe P. , Stark J. , Stone L. , Waterer B. 
Published: March 2013

The attainments of ninth year migrant pupils whose sixth year assessment had been based on performance on the Ravens Progressive Matrices Test were found to be significantly lower than those of Australians of similar chronological age and intelligence level. Additionally, girls performed better than boys in both groups. The differences, however, were able to be accounted for in terms of performance on a test of Word Knowledge. Implications for the predictive capacity of the Ravens Progressive Matrices Test as well as for the education of non-English speaking migrant children are discussed.
MACOS/SEMP Debate in Queensland, 1978: Some Central Issues
Authors: Duhs L. A. 
Published: March 2013

Following earlier controversies concerning the administration of the police force, the electoral act, and the right to demonstrate, the Queensland Government has recently thrown the education establishment into turmoil by its decision to ban the much-discussed SEMP and MACOS programs. Core features of the anti-SEMP/MACOS arguments are shown to be the presumed supremacy of faith and instinct over reason, and a doctrine of inequality. It is contended that the arguments of both the anti-SEMP/MACOS forces (Section III) and the pro-SEMP/MACOS forces (Section IV) are gravely deficient, the former because of their inclination to unreasoned dogmatism, and the latter because they typically remain on a superficial level at the expense of clear appreciation of underlying metaphysical issues. The context for a consideration of the general relationship between society and the school system is set by offering some comparative points regarding Dewey and Plato.
General Self-Concept, Self-Concept of Academic Ability and School Achievement: Implications for “Causes” of Self-Concept
Authors: West Charles K. , Fish James A. , Stevens Robert J. 
Published: March 2013

The research on relationships between general self-concept and school achievement and between self-concept of academic ability and school achievement was reviewed. Findings are now sufficient to indicate that school achievement is “causally predominant” over self-concept of academic ability. Demographic research in regard to differences relating to sex, socio-economic status, ethnicity, race, birth order, and age was also examined. Few demographically based conclusions were found to be warranted. The primary contributing factors to self-concept of academic ability are hypothesized to be the child's actual achievement or ability; the social feedback from significant others about that achievement, dissonances between that feedback and the actual ability, and the child's comparison group.
An Analysis of Formative Diffusion Strategies Used by Project Teams Associated with the Social Education Materials Project (SEMP)
Authors: Marsh C. J. , Carter D. 
Published: March 2013

The literature is replete with studies which document curriculum development projects, especially those occurring in North America and the United Kingdom. Few of these accounts of curriculum projects provide an analysis of the diffusion and dissemination strategies incorporated into the respective project designs. The subject of this paper, the Social Education Materials Project (SEMP), is studied in terms of the formative diffusion strategies used by the project teams operating in all states during 1975–76. By comparing uses made of specific strategies with those proposed in diffusion models, an attempt is made to assess their overall influence upon teachers who have adopted (or intend to adopt) and implement SEMP materials.
Student and Parent Attitudes to Music
Authors: Lepherd Laurence 
Published: March 2013

This study demonstrates the wide divergence of attitudes to various aspects of music between students of different levels of education, localities and sex, and also between students and their parents, and between parents of different sex. Differences in attitude between parents of a number of occupational groups, however, are seen to be less marked. The author concludes that recognition of these differences between students must be considered when designing curricula. Because parents have such a low regard for the importance of music in their children's education, it is necessary for music educators to carry out a ‘parent education program’, helping parents to become more aware of the new and more vital approach to music education taking place in many of today's schools.
Genetic diversity and population structure assessed by SSR and SNP markers in a large germplasm collection of grape
Authors: Emanuelli Francesco , Lorenzi Silvia , Grzeskowiak Lukasz , Catalano Valentina , Stefanini Marco , Troggio Michela , Myles Sean , Martinez-Zapater José M , Zyprian Eva , Moreira Flavia M , Grando M Stella 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe economic importance of grapevine has driven significant efforts in genomics to accelerate the exploitation ofVitisresources for development of new cultivars. However, although a large number of clonally propagated accessions are maintained in grape germplasm collections worldwide, their use for crop improvement is limited by the scarcity of information on genetic diversity, population structure and proper phenotypic assessment. The identification of representative and manageable subset of accessions would facilitate access to the diversity available in large collections. A genome-wide germplasm characterization using molecular markers can offer reliable tools for adjusting the quality and representativeness of such core samples.ResultsWe investigated patterns of molecular diversity at 22 common microsatellite loci and 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2273 accessions of domesticated grapevineV. viniferassp.sativa, its wild relativeV. viniferassp.sylvestris, interspecific hybrid cultivars and rootstocks. Despite the large number of putative duplicates and extensive clonal relationships among the accessions, we observed high level of genetic variation. In the total germplasm collection the average genetic diversity, as quantified by the expected heterozygosity, was higher for SSR loci (0.81) than for SNPs (0.34). The analysis of the genetic structure in the grape germplasm collection revealed several levels of stratification. The primary division was between accessions ofV. viniferaand non-vinifera, followed by the distinction between wild and domesticated grapevine. Intra-specific subgroups were detected within cultivated grapevine representing different eco-geographic groups. The comparison of a phenological core collection and genetic core collections showed that the latter retained more genetic diversity, while maintaining a similar phenotypic variability.ConclusionsThe comprehensive molecular characterization of our grape germplasm collection contributes to the knowledge about levels and distribution of genetic diversity in the existing resources ofVitisand provides insights into genetic subdivision within the European germplasm. Genotypic and phenotypic information compared in this study may efficiently guide further exploration of this diversity for facilitating its practical use.