bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cancer in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann , Reider Nadia , Cohen Jeffrey , Stuve Olaf , Trojano Maria , Sorensen Per Soelberg , Reingold Stephen C , Cutter Gary 
Published: December 2014

Background: Studies of cancer incidence and prevalence in multiple sclerosis (MS) have produced conflicting results. Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of cancer in persons with MS and review the quality of included studies. Methods: We searched the PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge, and EMBASE databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of all articles retrieved. Abstracts were screened for relevance by two reviewers. Data from included articles were captured using a standardized form, and the abstraction was verified by a second reviewer. We assessed quality of the included studies. We quantitatively assessed studies using the I2 statistic, and conducted meta-analyses for population-based studies. Results: We identified 38 studies. Estimates for incidence and prevalence varied substantially for most cancers. In population-based studies, cervical, breast, and digestive cancers had the highest incidence. The risk of meningiomas and urinary system cancers appeared higher than expected, while the risks of pancreatic, ovarian, prostate and testicular cancer were lower than expected.Conclusion: The complexity of understanding cancer risk in MS is augmented by inconsistencies in study design, and the relative paucity of age, sex and ethnicity-specific risk estimates from which the strong impact of age on the incidence of cancers can be assessed.
Short Term Effects of Mobilization Techniques on Neck Pain and Deep Neck Flexor Muscle Endurance in Patients with Mechanical Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Kılınç Hasan Erkan , Harput Gülcan , Baltacı Gül , İnce Deniz İnal 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate short term effects of cervical and scapular mobilization techniques on neck pain and deep cervical muscles endurance in chronical mechanical neck pain patients. Methods: 22 chronical mechanic neck pain patients four male 18 female (mean age: mean±sd 35.59± 15.85) were included. Before treatment, neck pain level (visual analog scale) and deep neck flexor muscles endurance (in supine position with digital chronometer) of all patients were evaluated. Cyriax cervical mobilization for 10 minutes and scapular mobilization for 10 repetition 10 sets were performed to patients as treatment protocol. After treatment, 24 hours after and a week after evaluations of neck pain and deep cervical muscles endurance were repeated. Results: Before treatment Neck pain Visual Analog Scale scores was 5.78±1.43 point, 2.80±1.99 point after treatment, 24 hours later 3.36±2.12 point, one week later 3.91±2.24 point. This alteration was found significant statistically (p<0.01). Before treatment deep cervical flexor muscle endurance score was 27.25±17.74 sec, after treatment 39.46±25.20 sec, 24 hours later 38.67±28.43 and one week later 40.11±27.82 sec. This alteration was also found significant statistically (p=0.01). Conclusion: Initially neck pain scores in our subjects decreased quickly, after 24 hours these scores increased but last scores were below first neck pain level in a week follow-up. Deep neck cervical flexor muscles test scores also increased quickly, after 24 hours later this scores were stable along a week. Mobilization techniques are effective methods on neck pain and endurance in chronical mechanic neck pain patients.
A Comparison of Dynamic Postural Stability Between Asymptomatic Controls and Male Patients One Year After ACL Reconstruction (Pilot Study)
Authors: Ataoglu Muhammed Baybars , Hazar Zeynep , Kafa Nihan , Özer Mustafa , Citaker Seyit 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if dynamic postural stability gained one year after ACL reconstruction in patients who received rehabilitation. Methods: Seven male patients (mean age=32,66 ±6,47) who had previously undergone ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) and 7 sex-and general physical activity matched uninjured controls included to study. Mean time since original injury was 13±3,31 months. Dynamic postural control was assessed with 20° knee flexion with Star Excursion Balance test. Each participant performed 3 trials of the anterior, posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral directional components of the SEBT. Reach distances for each directional component were compared with non-injured leg and healthy controls’. Results: There was no significant difference in all directions of Star Excursion Balance test between neither the operated and uninjured knees of patients nor between patients and healthy controls (p>0,05). Conclusion: No deficits in dynamic postural stability were present average one year after ACL reconstruction in patients who received rehabilitation. It can be said that rehabilitation is effective in the recovery of dynamic postural stability.
Influence of bioaugmentation on biodegradation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil by earthworm in lab scale
Authors: Asgharnia Hosseinali , Jonidi Jafari Ahmad , Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak , Nasseri Simin , Mahvi Amirhossein , Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Esrafili Ali , Dadban Shahamat Yousef 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Use of earthworm to eliminate the phenanthrene from the soil (bioaccumulation) is developed as an economical method. Bioaugmentation of microorganism was used for promotion of bioaccumulation by earthworm. The aim of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation or biodegradation of phenanthrene by Eisenia fetida and bacterial consortium in polluted soil.

Methods
The amount of 0.4 kg of the polluted soil in the ratio of 10 and 30 mg phenanthrene per kg of dry soil was transferred into each pot. Afterwards, bacteria and earthworms were added to each pot in separate and combination. The samples were kept under field conditions, and the retention concentrations of phenanthrene were analyzed after 8 weeks.

Results
Results showed that the Eisenia fetida was able to significantly remove phenanthrene from the polluted soil samples. Bioaccumulation and bioaugmentation alone have the removal efficiency of 60.24% and 50.3%, respectively. In the combined mode, phenanthrene removal efficiency was 63.81%.

Conclusions
The current study indicated that the use of earthworms, could improve both phenanthrene bioavailability and microbial activity, which led to enhancing removal of carbon-based pollutants.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Improves Breast Screening Sensitivity in BRCA Mutation Carriers Age ≥ 50 Years: Evidence From an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Phi Xuan-Anh , Houssami Nehmat , Obdeijn Inge-Marie , Warner Ellen , Sardanelli Francesco , Leach Martin O. , Riedl Christopher C. , Trop Isabelle , Tilanus-Linthorst Madeleine M.A. , Mandel Rodica , Santoro Filippo , Kwan-Lim Gek , Helbich Thomas H. , de Koning Harry J. , Van den Heuvel Edwin R. , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: December 2014

Purpose There is no consensus on whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be included in breast screening protocols for women with BRCA1/2 mutations age ≥ 50 years. Therefore, we investigated the evidence on age-related screening accuracy in women with BRCA1/2 mutations using individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. Patients and Methods IPD were pooled from six high-risk screening trials including women with BRCA1/2 mutations who had completed at least one screening round with both MRI and mammography. A generalized linear mixed model with repeated measurements and a random effect of studies estimated sensitivity and specificity of MRI, mammography, and the combination in all women and specifically in those age ≥ 50 years. Results Pooled analysis showed that in women age ≥ 50 years, screening sensitivity was not different from that in women age < 50 years, whereas screening specificity was. In women age ≥ 50 years, combining MRI and mammography significantly increased screening sensitivity compared with mammography alone (94.1%; 95% CI, 77.7% to 98.7% v 38.1%; 95% CI, 22.4% to 56.7%; P < .001). The combination was not significantly more sensitive than MRI alone (94.1%; 95% CI, 77.7% to 98.7% v 84.4%; 95% CI, 61.8% to 94.8%; P = .28). Combining MRI and mammography in women age ≥ 50 years resulted in sensitivity similar to that in women age < 50 years (94.1%; 95% CI, 77.7% to 98.7% v 93.2%; 95% CI, 79.3% to 98%; P = .79). Conclusion Addition of MRI to mammography for screening BRCA1/2 mutation carriers age ≥ 50 years improves screening sensitivity by a magnitude similar to that observed in younger women. Limiting screening MRI in BRCA1/2 carriers age ≥ 50 years should be reconsidered.
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the endolithic lichen genus Bagliettoa (Ascomycota: Verrucariaceae)
Authors: Yuzon Jennifer , Roux Claude , Lendemer James C. , Gueidan Cécile 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite their importance in bio‐deterioration, the taxonomy of the calcicolous endolithic lichen genus Bagliettoa is still problematic, mostly because of difficult identifications and unsettled species concepts. In this study, the traditional morphology‐based species and genus delimitations were tested using the phylogenetic markers ITS, mcm7 and mtSSU. Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches were used on a dataset of 82 specimens to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between the eight most common species of Bagliettoa. Molecular data confirmed the placement of B. limborioides, the type of the generic name, within the clade including species usually considered as part of Bagliettoa. Five other species were monophyletic and well supported (B. baldensis, B. calciseda, B. cazzae, B. marmorea, B. parmigerella). Relationships within a clade including B. parmigera, B. steineri and specimens with intermediate characters (here referred to as B. cf. suzaeana) were not resolved and weakly supported. This species complex (also called B. parmigera s.l.) is in need of a further revision. After revision of the type material, a lectotype is chosen for Bagliettoa parmigerella. Additionally, the new combinations Bagliettoa rubrocincta and Bagliettoa suzaeana are proposed based on their morphological similarity to other species of Bagliettoa. A key to the 12 currently recognized species is provided, which will hopefully help ecologists and biogeologists to identify species from this difficult genus of endolithic lichens.
Molecular phylogenetics and morphology of Beaucarnea (Ruscaceae) as distinct from Nolina, and the submersion of Calibanus into Beaucarnea
Authors: Rojas-Piña Vanessa , Olson Mark E. , Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O. , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite the economic importance and longstanding worldwide commercialization of representatives of the Beaucarnea lineage, it remains poorly known systematically. One of the main systematic problems is lack of certainty regarding the validity of the genus itself. Some authors consider Beaucarnea a synonym of its close relative Nolina, whereas others consider Beaucarnea a distinct genus. In addition to the Beaucarnea vs. Nolina controversy, the boundary between Beaucarnea and Calibanus is an issue that has not yet been addressed. Here we show that Beaucarnea is a well‐supported entity, distinct from Nolina on molecular and morphological grounds. Additionally, we demonstrate the absence of reciprocal monophyly between Beaucarnea and Calibanus and formally include Calibanus within Beaucarnea. These decisions were based on maximum parsimony, Bayesian, and maximum likelihood analyses of datasets including ten species of Beaucarnea, two species of Calibanus, six species of Nolina, and five species of Dasylirion, with sequences from the nuclear ITS and plastid trnL‐F and ycf1 regions. Our taxonomic decisions were also based on morphological observations of herbarium specimens and on the literature. We illustrate the diagnostic features of the genera with phylogenetic character mapping. Finally, we offer a redescription of Beaucarnea to accommodate the former Calibanus species and give a key to the taxonomically valid Beaucarnea species.
Science of international law in the post-Soviet space
Authors: Стародубцев Григорий , Starodubtsyev Grigoriy 
Published: December 2014

The article is dedicated to review of scientific and educational
literature on the theory of international law during the period
from 1991 to the present time. The article covers the main trends of
studying and researching of problems of international law in Russia
as well as in former Soviet republics, which today are independent
States.
Review: Emulsification properties of soy bean protein
Authors: CHEN WENPU , LI XIANG , RAHMAN MD. RAMIM TANVER , AL-HAJJ NABIL QAID M. , DEY KAMALESH CHANDRA , RAQIB SALEH MUHAMMED 
Published: December 2014

Chen W, Li X, Rahman MRT, Al-Hajj NQM, Dey KC, Raqib SM. 2014. Emulsification properties of soy bean protein. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 196-202. Emulsion stability and emulsifying ability are two important factors in food industry. Soy protein has the great of interest because of its amphilic structure. Î²-Conglycinnin and glycinin are main components in soy protein which can be used as emulsifiers in food processing. However, due to its size and molecular weight, the emulsifying ability of soy protein is limited. By chemical, physical and enzymatic modification, the emulsifying ability of soy protein can be improved. The addition of polysaccharides in emulsion is common. The interaction of polysaccharides and proteins are being discussed in this review. In some complex food emulsion, the function of soy protein molecules and emulsifier at the interface need to be investigated in the future study.
Electronic Medical Record–Based Performance Improvement Project to Document and Reduce Excessive Cardiac Troponin Testing
Authors: Love Sara A , McKinney Zeke J , Sandoval Yader , Smith Stephen W , Kohler Rebecca , Murakami MaryAnn M , Apple Fred S 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We assessed the utilization rationale behind provider ordering of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) testing for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction after implementation of a hospital-wide serial order protocol.

METHODS
During 2 months in 2013, any request for additional cTnI testing within 30 days of the initial serial cTnI order prompted an electronic health record best practice alert (BPA), which included clinical decision support that could be bypassed by giving a clinical indication. cTnI orders were not limited (timing, number), and upon BPA, trigger data was collected for clinical indications and actions, patient stay (duration, location), International Classification of Diseases, Revision 9 diagnosis, cTnI orders, and timing of cTnI measurements.

RESULTS
The BPA was triggered 1477 times by 423 providers who cared for 702 patients. There were a mean of 3.6 cTnI results per patient, 2.1 BPAs per patient, and 1.2 visits per patient. Providers (42% of whom were residents) acknowledged and overrode the BPA 97% of the time. In response to the BPA, 65% of providers selected a prepared rationale: 64% acute coronary syndrome/ST-elevation myocardial infarction/non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction; 30% demand ischemia; and 6% non-ACS myocardial necrosis. Of the remaining 35% of providers, 71% listed no rationale for their additional cTnI orders. Of patients with a BPA, 93% had non–ACS-related primary International Classification of Diseases, Revision 9 diagnosis, and 58% of the time, patients' cTnI results never increased during their stay. In 53% of cases, BPAs were generated by a request for an additional cTnI series when &lt;2 results were available.

CONCLUSIONS
Providers largely ignored the BPA that warned of potential overutilization of cTnI testing independent of diagnosis, including ACS.
Compliance of blood sampling procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines: An observational study by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PRE)
Authors: Simundic Ana-Maria , Church Stephen , Cornes Michael P. , Grankvist Kjell , Lippi Giuseppe , Nybo Mads , Nikolac Nora , van Dongen-Lases Edmee , Eker Pinar , Kovalevskaya Svjetlana , Kristensen Gunn B.B. , Sprongl Ludek , Sumarac Zorica 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn observational study was conducted in 12 European countries by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (EFLM WG-PRE) to assess the level of compliance with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines.A structured checklist including 29 items was created to assess the compliance of European phlebotomy procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guideline. A risk occurrence chart of individual phlebotomy steps was created from the observed error frequency and severity of harm of each guideline key issue. The severity of errors occurring during phlebotomy was graded using the risk occurrence chart.Twelve European countries participated with a median of 33 (18–36) audits per country, and a total of 336 audits. The median error rate for the total phlebotomy procedure was 26.9 % (10.6–43.8), indicating a low overall compliance with the recommended CLSI guideline. Patient identification and test tube labelling were identified as the key guideline issues with the highest combination of probability and potential risk of harm. Administrative staff did not adhere to patient identification procedures during phlebotomy, whereas physicians did not adhere to test tube labelling policy.The level of compliance of phlebotomy procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines in 12 European countries was found to be unacceptably low. The most critical steps in need of immediate attention in the investigated countries are patient identification and tube labelling.
Solvent extraction of Nd(III) in a Y type microchannel with 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester
Authors: Zhang Libo , Xie Feng , Li Shiwei , Yin Shaohua , Peng Jinhui , Ju Shaohua 
Published: December 2014

AbstractConventional extraction equipment has many problems like a long mixing time, a large factory area occupation, a large amount of organic solvent consumption and so on. In this paper, a micro solvent extraction system for the extraction of Nd(III) was investigated to solve the above issues. The initial aqueous pH 4.0 and saponification rate 40% of 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) were selected as the optimal experimental conditions. The extraction equilibrium was quickly achieved within 1.5 s, without any mechanical mixing in a narrow channel (100 μm in width and 120 μm in depth) at a volumetric flow rate from 5.55×10
Prevalence of bullying in secondary schools in Port Harcourt
Authors: Alex-Hart Balafama Abinye , Okagua Joyce , Opara Peace Ibo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background: School bullying is a global problem involving a high proportion of students worldwide. However, its prevalence and types in secondary schools in Port Harcourt is not yet known.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of bullying in secondary schools in Port Harcourt.

Subjects: A total of 1160 students from six secondary schools in Port Harcourt comprised the sample.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional school-based study conducted in Port Harcourt in March 2014. Two mixed schools, two all-boys schools, and two all-girls schools were selected using purposive sampling technique. Stratified random sampling technique, by class strata (senior secondary 1, 2 and 3) was used to select 1160 students from the six schools. A 22-item self-administered questionnaire adapted from a previous study was modified and used in this study. The questions covered the prevalence, type of bullying, and socio-demographic data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (IBM SPSS Incorporated, Chicago, IL, USA).

Results: About 82.2% reported being victims of bullying, whereas 64.9% reported being bullies. About 9.7% and 11.8% were neither bullies nor bullied, respectively. Bullying was significantly higher in the all-boys (90.8%) and all-girls (82.9%) schools than in the mixed schools (73.5%), p=0.000. More males were victims (53.4%) and bullies (53.3%) but more females (55.4%) were bully-victims. The most common (57.5%) type of bullying was physical bullying.

Conclusion: The rate of bullying was found to be very high in secondary schools in Port Harcourt.
Organocatalytic functionalisation through boron chemistry
Authors: Palau-Lluch Gerard , Sanz Xavier , La Cascia Enrico , Civit Marc G. , Miralles Nuria , Cuenca Ana B. , Fernández Elena 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDiboron reagents can be activated both, from a metal or free-metal context, and consequently the addition of boryl units to unsaturated substrates proceeds sometimes with complementary selectivity. We highlight here the power of boron chemistry to functionalize molecules and provide new routes towards challenging compounds.
Quantitative computed tomographic assessment of bone mineral density changes associated with administration of prednisolone or prednisolone and alendronate sodium in dogs
Authors: Park Seungjo , Oh Juyeon , Son Kyu-Yeol , Cho Kyoung-Oh , Choi Jihye 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a low-dosage regimen of prednisolone induces bone loss and whether administration of alendronate sodium prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in dogs by measuring trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) with quantitative CT.
ANIMALS 8 healthy Beagles.
PROCEDURES In 4 dogs, prednisolone was administered PO at a dosage of 2 mg/kg once daily for 2 weeks, 1 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks, and 0.5 mg/kg once daily for 3 weeks. In the other 4 dogs, alendronate sodium (2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) was whether administered for 9 weeks in addition to the same dosage of prednisolone used in the prednisolone-treated dogs. Before (day 0 [baseline]) and 21, 42, 63, and 150 days after the start of treatment, BMD of the lumbar vertebrae was measured by quantitative CT.
RESULTS BMD in the prednisolone treatment group decreased to 84.7% of the baseline value on day 42, increased to 87.9% on day 63, and recovered to 91.6% on day 150. In the prednisolone-alendronate treatment group, BMD decreased to 91% of the baseline value on day 21, increased to 93.8% on day 63, and then recovered to 96.7% on day 150. Bone mineral density in the prednisolone treatment group was generally lower, albeit not significantly, than that of the prednisolone-alendronate treatment group on each examination day.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE BMD temporarily decreased after low-dosage prednisolone administration; however, it gradually improved during tapering of the prednisolone dosage. These results have suggested that a low dosage of prednisolone can be used with little concern for development of osteopenia in dogs.