bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anatomical evaluation of the mandibular buccal shelf: A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Shrivastava Rockey , Sah Madhurendra Prasad , Shrestha Basanta Kumar , GC Anjal , Gahatraj Smita 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
The objectives of this article were to analyze the bone thickness and bone depth in the mandibular buccal shelf area at four sites, that is, a mesiobuccal section of mandibular first and second molar and distobuccal section of first and second molar and to analyze the bone thickness and bone height with respect to the spatial position of inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC) at the right and left side and in males and females.

Material and Methods
Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 34 individuals were analyzed at four sites, that is, mesiobuccal section of the mandibular first and second molar and distobuccal section of first and second molar at both right and left sides and bone thickness as well as the bone depth of buccal shelf and IANC was measured and compared between right and left side and in between males and females.

Results
Bone thickness increased progressively in the distal direction. The highest bone depth was recorded in the distobuccal section of the second molar. IANC was also mapped and the result showed that the bone height from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to IANC decreased posteriorly but the bone depth was >18 mm at all sites. Very few parameters showed statistically significant differences between the right and left sides. Bone height to IANC from CEJ showed statistically significant differences between genders at a few sites with male subjects having higher values. Bone thickness in the IANC region showed no gender dimorphism.

Conclusion
The appropriate site for mandibular buccal shelf mini-implant placement is the distobuccal region of the mandibular second molar.
The effects of the twin arch bracket system in class 1 orthodontic patients for a control of orthodontic tooth movement: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Farahat Mohammed B. M. , Aboelmahasen Mahmoud M. Fathy , Elghetany Rafaat 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
Regarding the orthodontic appliance type or design, many factors play a role in the desired tooth movement (slot size, inter-bracket span, archwire size, material, etc.). The double slot bracket’s system is a pre-adjusted edgewise bracket featuring two horizontal slot sizes (0.022 and 0.018). The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the twin arch bracket system during the leveling and alignment stage of orthodontic treatment.

Material and Methods
The present study was conducted on 20 patients who were recruited between 2022 and 2024. Patients were divided randomly into two equal groups: The experimental group (group I), which included 10 patients who were treated using the twin arch brackets system, while the Control group (group II) included 10 patients who were treated using the conventional pre-adjusted edgewise brackets system. Patients have been assessed for the first 5 months (T0-T10). The primary outcome is Little’s Index of irregularity and percentage of change, while the secondary outcomes are pain evaluation and assessment of oral hygiene status.

Results
By comparing a percentage of change in little’s irregularity index for both arches between the two groups, the experimental group recorded values that were significantly greater than that recorded in the control group at all-time intervals (T0-T9) but at T10. Both groups recorded (100 ± 0%), with no significant difference between groups (P = 1).

Conclusion
The twin arch bracket system can produce a greater effect for correction of crowding than the conventional pre-adjusted edgewise brackets system during the leveling and alignment stage, but it can induce a higher pain level and offends the oral hygiene status more than the conventional one.
Relationship between malocclusion and state of the upper respiratory tract, position of the tongue and hyoid bone
Authors: Stasiuk Oleksii , Kuroiedova Vira , Sokolohorska-Nykina Yuliya , Vyzhenko Yevhenii , Korobov Pavlo 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
Malocclusions are among the main dental diseases and take second place after dental caries. The etiological factors for the occurrence of malocclusion include genetic factors, environmental and socioeconomic factors, as well as various bad childhood habits. Diseases of the upper respiratory tract deserve special attention, which can lead to oral breathing and the formation of malocclusion. Studying the relationship between craniofacial skeletal characteristics, position of the tongue and hyoid bone, and state of the upper respiratory tract, as a complex of interrelated factors, can become a new tool for diagnosing the etiopathogenesis of malocclusions and contribute to increasing the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment.

Material and Methods
We performed 67 cone beam computed tomography of the facial skeleton of orthodontic patients. The average age was 16.7 ± 5.1 years. Research of the respiratory tract was carried out at the level of standard anatomical landmarks on mid-sagittal sections at the level of the palatal plane, the base of the soft palate, and the base of the epiglottis. The position of the hyoid bone was studied by linear and angular parameters. The size and position of the tongue were measured on a mid-sagittal section along the residual space of Donders.

Results
It has been reliably established that in the II class, upper and middle airways are significantly narrower than in the III class. The Donders space is the largest in the I class - 5.91 ± 4.5 mm, the smallest in the III class - 2.99 ± 3.3 (P = 0.049), that is, the tongue occupies a higher position in the III class than in the I class. The vertical position of the hyoid bone, both in terms of distance from the palatal plane and relative to the C3Me plane, is significantly lower in the I class than in the III class. Therefore, retroposition of the mandible may narrow the pharyngeal airway by moving the hyoid bone backward, while forward displacement of the mandible may increase this space.

Conclusion
Thus, assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients with malocclusion is important for determining the orthodontic treatment plan.
Preferences for orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery in Class III malocclusion cases: A questionnaire study
Authors: Akpınar Meryem , Özkan Serkan 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate treatment strategies preferred by orthodontists for correcting Class III malocclusion.

Material and Methods
A survey comprising 19 questions was administered to 1904 members of the Turkish Orthodontic Society, with 200 orthodontists responding. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, and comparisons based on demographic variables were performed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
Orthodontists expressed diverse views on treatment strategies for Class III malocclusion. Facial mask therapy was the most frequently employed method in early interventions, with most orthodontists recommending its initiation between the ages of 9 and 11. A significant proportion of respondents indicated that orthognathic surgery provided the lowest relapse rates. Public institution orthodontists cited insufficient physical infrastructure as the primary barrier to performing orthognathic surgery, while clinic owners refrained from surgery due to concerns about complications. Furthermore, professional experience was significantly associated with longer post-treatment follow-up periods (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The findings indicate that orthodontists’ clinical approaches are influenced by contextual factors, including the workplace environment, years of professional experience, and professional status. These factors significantly impact treatment strategies, appliance preferences, and mechanical techniques.
Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of lingual bonded retainers coated with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gnansekharan Devishree , Padmanabhan Sridevi , Rajan Sharada T. , Narsimhan Malathi 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
The popularity of fixed retainers is also challenged by the heightened chance of plaque and calculus accumulation which can lead to carious lesions, gingival inflammation, and periodontal disease. Nanotechnology has been used to coat the surface of orthodontic appliances to control the biofilm with promising results although the information on toxicity is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of lingual bonded retainers coated with silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles and compare them with conventional uncoated fixed retainers.

Material and Methods
60 subjects of which 45 patients requiring retainers were randomly allocated to three experimental groups of 15 each (retainers coated with Ag, TiO2 nanoparticles, and uncoated retainers, respectively). A fourth group of 15 patients not orthodontically treated was taken as baseline control. Oral mucosal scrapings from the tongue were taken at three time intervals: At debonding (T0), at 3 months (T1), and at 6 months (T2). The smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain and studied under a light microscope for micronuclei (MN).

Results
All three experimental groups showed an increase in MN counts over a period of 6 months. Group I showed the highest count at T1 and this was significantly greater than Group 3. Group 2 showed the highest count at T2 but this was not significantly different from the other groups.

Conclusion
Lingual bonded retainers coated with Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles are biocompatible and can be used clinically.
Exploration of immunocytochemical biomarkers related to central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Rong Lulu , Wang Jie , Wang Qian , Zhu Yanli , Ren Wenhao 
Published: February 2025

Objective
The presence of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) represents a critical determinant in ascertaining the necessity for surgical intervention in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). However, the predominant current methodologies for confirming the central lymph node status in clinical practice are hampered by the low predictive accuracy of preoperative ultrasound examination and the high risk of preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA). Consequently, the objective of this study is to investigate and identify specific immunocytochemical biomarkers for predicting CLNM in PTMC patients based on preoperative thyroid FNA samples.

Material and Methods
In this study, the messenger ribonucleic acid sequencing data of pathological tumor stage 1 (pT1) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accompanied by pathological node stage information were initially retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The differential expression genes (DEGs) between the pT1N1-PTC group and the pT1N0-PTC group were ascertained through bioinformatics methodology. Subsequently, these DEGs were imported into Cytoscape software to identify hub genes. Ultimately, immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining were employed to validate whether the biomarkers corresponding to the main hub genes demonstrated statistical significance in predicting CLNM within propensity score-matched PTMC samples.

Results
In this study, a total of 292 DEGs and 10 hub genes were successfully identified. Subsequently, immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining were conducted on 208 PTMC cases selected through propensity score matching. Among these 208 cases, the biomarkers (Cytokeratin 5/6 [CK5/6], Chromogranin A [CgA], and Pair box gene 2 [Pax-2]) corresponding to the main hub genes (Cytokeratin 5 [KRT5], Cytokeratin 6 [KRT6A], Chromogranin A [CHGA], and PAX2) were subjected to immunohistochemical staining in postoperative thyroidectomy specimens, the immunohistochemical staining results revealed a statistically significant difference in CK5/6 expression between PTMCs with and without CLNM (P = 0.002). Subsequently, CK5/6 immunocytochemical staining performed on preoperative thyroid FNA liquid-based samples further corroborated that CK5/6 expression was more prone to being positive in PTMCs with CLNM (P = 0.010).

Conclusion
CK5/6 is a valuable immunocytochemical biomarker capable of predicting the occurrence of CLNM in PTMC patients prior to surgery.
Chloride intracellular channel 6 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating immune cell balance and promoting tumor cell apoptosis
Authors: Zhou He , Xi Yue , Chen Xueyang 
Published: February 2025

Objective
Chloride intracellular channel 6 (CLIC6) is essential for the development of cancer, and it is widely studied for the treatment of various cancers. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of CLIC6 in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Material and Methods
Initially, a subcutaneous xenograft model of HCC was established. The model groups were treated with varying levels of CLIC6 recombinant protein. After 21 days, tumor and liver tissues were harvested. Tumor size and weight were measured, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to assess histopathological changes in the tumor tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate nick-end labeling staining was employed to evaluate apoptosis in tumor tissue cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were utilized to analyze cytokine messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA) levels in the liver or tumor tissues, and immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess cytokine expression.

Results
CLIC6 significantly inhibits tumor proliferation and enhances apoptosis in tumor tissue cells. CLIC6 markedly reduces the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-17A in liver tissue when increasing transforming growth factor-β and IL-4 mRNA levels. CLIC6 potentially modulates Th cell balance by regulating forkhead box protein P3, GATA-binding protein 3, T-box expressed in T cell, and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (ROR-γt) expression, thereby restraining HCC progression in mice. Moreover, CLIC6 mitigates hepatic oxidative damage via the Janus tyrosine kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of the transcription pathway, attenuates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and modulates apoptosis-related proteins, effectively hindering HCC development.

Conclusion
CLIC6 demonstrates potent antitumor effects in HCC through inhibition of proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, modulation of cytokine levels, regulation of immune cell balance, and attenuation of oxidative stress pathways.
Exploring miR-3148’s impact on Krüppel-like factor 6-driven mitophagy and apoptosis in myocardial ischemic injury
Authors: Huang Chusheng , Li Lipeng , Deng Hailong , Su Jincheng , Wei Qingjun , He Ying , Xian Lei 
Published: February 2025

Objective
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for millions of fatalities annually. The injury and repair of cardiomyocytes are closely associated with the changes in gene expression. MicroRNAs could serve as a potential target for MI treatment. This work aims to investigate the role of miR-3148 in mitochondrial dynamics during acute MI (AMI) with a specific focus on its regulatory mechanisms in mitophagy and apoptosis, which could reveal potential therapeutic targets for AMI treatment.

Material and Methods
MiR-3148 levels in patients with AMI and experimental models were measured to assess the effects of miR-3148 on cardiomyocyte viability under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). The present investigation involved monitoring mitophagy markers, including PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (Parkin), Beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 II/I (LC3 II/I) ratio, as well as apoptotic markers such as cysteine-aspartic acid protease (Caspase) 9, Caspase 3, and cytochrome C (Cyt C). In addition, Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) was examined as a target of miR-3148.

Results
MiR-3148 was significantly elevated in patients with AMI and models. MiR-3148 overexpression reduced cardiomyocyte viability, whereas miR-3148 knockdown protected against OGD injury. The inhibition of miR-3148 activated mitophagy, as shown by the increased PINK1, Parkin, Beclin1 levels, and LC3 II/I ratios, and reduced sequestosome 1 (p62), and apoptotic markers levels. MiR-3148 directly targeted KLF6, reducing its expression. The suppression of KLF6 aggravated OGD injury by disrupting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and enhancing apoptosis. Attenuating KLF6 expression reversed the protective effects of miR-3148 inhibition, indicating reciprocal regulation.

Conclusion
In myocardial ischemic injury, miR-3148 modulates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis through KLF6 regulation. This finding highlights miR-3148 as a key factor in the pathogenesis of AMI and as a potential therapeutic target.
Impact of lifestyle modification on type 2 diabetes outcomes
Authors: Mandloi Ashish , Bisani K G , Verma Rani 
Published: February 2025

Objectives
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder with increasing global incidence, contributing to significant healthcare costs. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, physical activity, and behavioral interventions, are critical in managing T2DM. This study evaluates the impact of lifestyle modifications on glycemic control and clinical outcomes in individuals with T2DM.

Material and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 272 T2DM patients aged 30–70 years recruited from a tertiary care hospital. Participants were divided into two groups: those who adhered to lifestyle modifications (n = 141) and a control group (n = 131). Data on demographic details, medical history, lifestyle practices, clinical parameters, and laboratory tests were collected. Primary outcomes included HbA1c levels and fasting blood glucose, while secondary outcomes involved BMI (body mass index), lipid profiles, and diabetes-related complications.

Results
The Lifestyle Modification Group showed significantly improved glycemic control with lower HbA1c (7.2% vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001) and fasting blood glucose (112.4 mg/dL vs. 125.6 mg/dL, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Additionally, the lifestyle group had significantly better lipid profiles, including lower total cholesterol (185.2 mg/dL vs. 198.5 mg/dL, p = 0.003) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (102.5 mg/dL vs. 115.2 mg/dL, p = 0.001) and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (47.3 mg/dL vs. 42.8 mg/dL, p = 0.010). However, the differences in the prevalence of diabetes-related complications were not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion
Lifestyle modification positively impacts glycemic control and lipid metabolism in T2DM. Further research with long-term follow-up and larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings and explore the long-term effects on diabetes-related complications.
Assessing the impact of the Aarambh nurturing care model on the capacity & support structures for caregiver empowerment: A qualitative study
Authors: Sundar R. Naveen Shyam , Kothekar Pranali , Raut Abhishek V. , Gupta Subodh 
Published: February 2025

Background & objectives
The provision of nurturing care during the crucial developing phase from pregnancy to three years is essential for enduring health. The Aarambh project, executed in specific districts of Central India, utilised existing Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) and healthcare facilities to improve nurturing care. This study assessed the influence of loving care interventions on the skills, functionality, and support systems of anganwadi workers (AWWs) to enhance the capabilities of primary carers.

Methods
This qualitative study evaluated the competencies of AWWs by observing house visits and mothers’ meetings in both control (Deoli, Wardha) and intervention blocks (Ralegaon, Yavatmal), Maharashtra. Comprehensive interviews were performed with AWWs, primary carers, ICDS supervisors, CDPOs, ASHAs, and parents.

Results
AWWs in the intervention group exhibited substantial enhancements in providing age-appropriate guidance, play, and communication activities along with effective community-based events.

Interpretation & conclusions
The findings of this study suggest empowerment of beneficiaries and child development through this discussed programme framework. In light of this, it is apparent that the soft skills of service providers hold paramount importance for achieving sustainable outcomes.
Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Exploration of Lived Experiences of Men
Authors: Satapathy Sankalpa , Mukherjee Navonil , Pal Jayita , Mukhopadhyay Bijay Prasad 
Published: February 2025

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health and human rights issue affecting all genders. IPV is overwhelmingly prevalent among women, but it is being increasingly acknowledged that men, too, are IPV victims.

Objectives
This study draws on the lived experiences of ever-married men to explore the various forms and effects of IPV experienced by them from their female partners within the ambit of heterosexual marriages.

Material and Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 ever-married men with a history of having experienced domestic violence from their female partners to reveal the different forms of IPV and how it affected their lives.

Results
Findings suggest the prevalence of physical, emotional, and financial abuse affecting men’s health and financial well-being in myriad ways. Social norms inhibit men from seeking support due to fear of being targets of social ridicule. In addition, skewed legislative measures in favor of women work against the provision of justice to men.

Conclusion
The study adds to the growing body of work on IPV being pervasive among men. It highlights delayed help-seeking behavior among men due to misplaced notions of gendered behavior and identifies the acknowledgment of IPV among men as a social problem to being the first step to its effective redressal.
Role of superficial cervical plexus block with lignocaine and dexamethasone following modified radical mastoidectomy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ahuja Vanita , Indumathi K. , Thapa Deepak , Mitra Sukanya , Gupta Nitin , Mahajan Aastika 
Published: February 2025

Aims and Objectives
The study aimed to compare the worst pain levels following superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) with lignocaine and perineural dexamethasone versus no block using the PAIN OUT patient outcome questionnaire.

Material and Methods
This randomised, placebo-controlled trial included 46 patients, 18–70 years of age, of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I/II scheduled for mastoidectomy. The postoperative maximum pain intensity scores using the PAIN OUT patient outcome questionnaire were considered as the primary outcome. The patients received interventions as per group allocation. In group block (n = 23), an ultrasound-guided (USG) SCPB was administered using 5 ml of 2% lignocaine with 4 mg dexamethasone. In group control (n = 23), no block was performed, and only dressing was done. All patients received intravenous (IV) paracetamol 1 g every 6 h. In case any patient-reported pain, IV diclofenac was administered.

Results
During the study period of 24 hours, patients in group block experienced lower worst pain as compared to group control(p-value = 0.001). Similarly, the visual analogue scale score on movement was lower in group block at the following intervals: 15 min (p-value = 0.02), at 1 hour (p-value = 0.007), at 4 hours (p = 0.03), and 12 hours (p-value = 0.04) following surgery. Rescue analgesia was lower in group block versus group control (p-value < 0.01).

Conclusion
Postoperative SCPB with lignocaine and perineural dexamethasone provided a superior worst pain score during 24 hours using the PAIN OUT patient outcome questionnaire following modified radical mastoidectomy.