bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High performance one-step grown half-moon shaped YBCO bulk superconductors
Authors: Wang Xuechun , Liu Xiongfang , Wei Dabin , Shi Ya , Cai Chuanbing , Zhang Yibing , Zhang Kai , Zhou Difan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) undulator exploiting the high trapped field of HTS bulk superconductors enables the design of extremely short-period insertion devices for synchrotron light sources and free electron lasers. In such a promising application the trapped field performance and the uniformity of the HTS bulk superconductors are essential. In this study, the half-moon shaped YBa2Cu3O7−δ
(YBCO) single-grain superconductors have been directly grown by the top-seeded melted-growth method. Half-moon shaped samples directly grown from preforms with four different type of seed crystal arrangements were compared with that cut from larger cylindrical bulk superconductors in regarding to the trapped magnetic fields and correspondingly the distribution. We found that the arrangement of seed crystals greatly affects the melt-growth process and hence the homogeneity of the samples. The one-step grown half-moon shaped samples show higher trapped field (B
trap), 0.542 T for a 24 mm and 0.785 T for a 32 mm diameter sample, and better uniformity of trapped field distribution compared to that obtained from machining with B
trap of 0.427 T and 0.528 T. It was found that the growth sectors would be restricted when the seed crystal was placed at the edge of a preform, and the angle of the seed crystal, parallel or 45° to the long edge would influence the melt growth as well.
Mode-pairing quantum key distribution based on wavelength division multiplexing in multi-user networks
Authors: Cui Wei , Yang Chen , Huang Guoqi , Jiao Rongzhen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD), a protocol that combines high performance and flexibility, not only eliminates the need for global phase locking but also beats the rate-transmittance bound. Such remarkable characteristics are poised to further advance the practical application of quantum communication networks. In this paper, MP-QKD is extended to the scenario of multi-user communication networks. MP-QKD enables concurrent operation across multiple channels by integrating wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating secure communication among multiple users. The performance of MP-QKD in multi-channel concurrent operation is analyzed through simulating various experimental conditions. The asymmetric MP-QKD case is also considered and pulse intensity optimization improves performance for asymmetric network channels. These results delineate the performance of MP-QKD with WDM technology, highlighting its significant potential for application in quantum communication networks.
Substrate analysis on the wideband, high gain flower-shaped MIMO antenna
Authors: B Tharini , A Kannammal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents a single-element,flower-shaped two and four-element MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)antenna with enhanced bandwidth and gain. The array consists of identical elements on three commonly used textile substrates- cotton, jeans, and felt material. For each of the three substrates, the impedance bandwidth, reflection coefficient, and gain are used to assess the effectiveness of the recommended antenna.For the felt-based four-element MIMO antenna the outcomes of measurement and modelling are confirmed. Results reveal that the prototype provides a fractional bandwidth of 133.2%, spans the UWB range (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) and X-band (8 GHz to 12.23 GHz), and has a maximum gain of 16.96 dB.To investigate the MIMO performance, MIMO metrics were computed which include Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC).
A Suite of Classical Cepheids Tied to the Binary Cluster Berkeley 58 and NGC 7790
Authors: Majaess Daniel , Turner David G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The classical Cepheids CE Cas A, CE Cas B, CF Cas, and CG Cas are likely members of the binary open cluster comprising NGC 7790 and Berkeley 58. The clusters are of comparable age and in close proximity, as deduced from differentially dereddened UuB

P

BVGR

P
photometry, and Cepheid period-age relations. Gaia DR3 astrometric and spectroscopic solutions for the clusters are likewise consistent. Conversely, the seemingly adjacent open cluster NGC 7788 is substantially younger and nearer.
Characterization and classification of kinesthetic motor imagery levels
Authors: Martinez-Peon D , Garcia-Hernandez N V , Benavides-Bravo F G , Parra-Vega V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) represents a robust brain paradigm intended for electroencephalography (EEG)-based commands in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, ensuring high accuracy in multi-command execution remains challenging, with data from C3 and C4 electrodes reaching up to 92% accuracy. This paper aims to characterize and classify EEG-based KMI of multilevel muscle contraction without relying on primary motor cortex signals. Approach. A new method based on Hurst exponents is introduced to characterize EEG signals of multilevel KMI of muscle contraction from electrodes placed on the premotor, dorsolateral prefrontal, and inferior parietal cortices. EEG signals were recorded during a hand-grip task at four levels of muscle contraction (0%, 10%, 40%, and 70% of the maximal isometric voluntary contraction). The task was executed under two conditions: first, physically, to train subjects in achieving muscle contraction at each level, followed by mental imagery under the KMI paradigm for each contraction level. EMG signals were recorded in both conditions to correlate muscle contraction execution, whether correct or null accurately. Independent component analysis (ICA) maps EEG signals from the sensor to the source space for preprocessing. For characterization, three algorithms based on Hurst exponents were used: the original (HO), using partitions (HRS), and applying semivariogram (HV). Finally, seven classifiers were used: Bayes network (BN), naive Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), random tree (RT), multilayer perceptron (MP), and k-nearest neighbors (kNN). Main results. A combination of the three Hurst characterization algorithms produced the highest average accuracy of 96.42% from kNN, followed by MP (92.85%), SVM (92.85%), NB (91.07%), RF (91.07%), BN (91.07%), and RT (80.35%). of 96.42% for kNN. Significance. Results show the feasibility of KMI multilevel muscle contraction detection and, thus, the viability of non-binary EEG-based BCI applications without using signals from the motor cortex.
A Need for Sufficiency in the Built Environment: Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of the Austrian Building Stock
Authors: Alaux N , Obrecht TP , Saade MRM , Passer A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Around 38% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are related to buildings. In Austria, most building-related industries designed roadmaps to net zero GHG emissions by 2050. However, there is little evidence whether this will be enough to stay within the climate limits, or if a more drastic approach is needed. In this paper we investigate the potential need for sufficiency in the built environment to stay within the latest 1.5-2°C carbon budget, including expected future technological developments. We implement a set of energy and industry transition scenarios to a building stock model, including an increase in circularity, and compare the resulting carbon emissions (both operational and embodied) with the carbon budget. Results show that, even with ambitious decarbonization pathways for Austrian industry, the projected rates of construction do not allow for staying within the carbon budget. On the contrary, additional sufficiency measures such as slightly reducing the average living area per person are a great lever for reducing GHG emissions and, with carbon removal, might be the only options left to comply with the climate targets.
Lessons learnt from a regional workshop to develop a transformational plan for the built and urban environment to meet the UNSDGs in 2030
Authors: Wallbaum H , Fudge C , Hagy S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Urgent transformational change and action within the built environment is needed as it accounts for a large proportion of CO2 emissions and is rapidly growing. A partnership with UN Habitat and Mistra, the Swedish foundation for strategic environmental research, was established to lead a high-level expert workshop for Northwest Europe to develop transformative roadmaps to lead us from current practice to a built and urban environment scenario where the 2030 UNSDGs are achieved. The workshop, aiming to act as a pilot for similar workshops to be held in other parts of the world, was organized around four worksheet sessions that guided the participants through a co-creative process to share and draw on their expertise generating and iteratively narrowing down ideas to actions. The workshop was held over 2 days with 30 participants from various countries and disciplines engaged in the built environment. A wide range of topics was identified to be focused on for action, however, 6 key themes were agreed upon as priorities: Renovation and adaptive reuse, Process and methods, Social sustainability, Nature and biodiversity, Infrastructure, and Sustainable livelihoods. The work towards realizing sustainable cities and buildings is ongoing and the pilot workshop is one step towards building collaborative capacity and facilitating regional, context-based action towards a sustainable transformation of the built environment.
Beyond Survival: Developing Sustainable and Resilient Refugee Shelters through Biomimicry
Authors: Al-Sehail N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study explores the use of biomimicry as a vital response to the urgent demand for sustainable and resilient refugee shelters. Recognizing the challenges faced by displaced populations due to climate disasters, it emphasizes the critical need for substantial improvements in shelter solutions. By embracing biomimicry principles that emulate nature’s efficiency, resilience, and adaptability, the study proposes environmentally conscious and resource-efficient shelter structures under a practical framework that meets immediate needs, contributes to climate mitigation, and harnesses nature’s innovative potential. The research methodology involves a comprehensive investigation utilizing architectural modelling, drawings, and the comparative analysis of various shelters. Through the meticulous assessments of photographs, structures, and diagrams, alongside extensive data aggregation, an informed analysis is presented. Utilizing computational tools and drawing inspiration from nature’s resilient strategies, this study presents a design methodology that applies the sustainable principles of biomimicry to effectively balance the construction of new settlements with the preservation of existing ecologies. By analysing diverse refugee shelter designs, including tarp-based tents, traditional shelters using local and industrial materials, transitional shelters, shelter kits, and climate-adapted tents, the study presents a practical biomimetic framework that responds to their limitations. Addressing challenges such as structural integrity, insulation, and adaptability, biological strategies are abstracted and applied through computational design processes to provide a tailored framework to assist designers in the development of refugee shelters. Amidst the exacerbating effects of climate change, this research highlights the untapped potential of biomimicry in creating sustainable and resilient refugee shelter settlements. By integrating advanced computational tools and a nuanced understanding of biological models, it establishes a framework for effective shelter development that prioritize sustainable and resilient shelter solutions worldwide.
Interdependencies and tradeoffs in embodied and operational energy use, carbon emissions, and embodied water use of buildings
Authors: Kamazani M A , Dixit M K , Shanbhag S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Buildings exert substantial influence on worldwide energy consumption, carbon emissions, and the depletion of freshwater resources. The endeavor to formulate ecologically conscious and energy-efficient building designs constitutes a multifaceted optimization, owing to the intricate interdependencies within the building energy-carbon-water nexus. This paper proposes an innovative multi-phase and multi-objective genetic framework that combines Energy Plus with databases containing embodied energy, embodied carbon, and embodied water data. This integrated approach enables the holistic assessment and optimization of operational and embodied energy and resulting carbon emissions and embodied water footprint under weather condition. By manipulating design variables such as geometrical and envelope-related parameters, the framework identifies the optimal building configuration. This methodology is applied to an office building model located in Dulles, Virgina, achieving optimization across three phases for present weather data: operational energy-embodied energy trade-off, operational carbon-embodied carbon trade-off, and total carbon and embodied water reduction. The results show a conflict between total carbon emissions and embodied water consumption. In the initial optimization stage, total operational energy decreases by 6.8 %, whereas its embodied energy by 1.8%, compared to the original design. In the second phase, there are reductions of 8% and 12.2% in operational and embodied carbon footprint, respectively. The third optimization phase leads to an 8.7 % reduction in total carbon emissions and 43.7% increase in embodied water.
The Challenge of Modeling Tracked Electricity Consumption in EPDs: An Example for Building Materials
Authors: Alaux N , Treyer K , Passer A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In life cycle assessment, electricity consumption can be modeled with a “physical mix,” reflecting regional electricity generation and trade, or with a “virtual mix” based on guarantees of origin (GO). For environmental product declarations, modeling the electricity mix based on GOs is sometimes the preferred approach taken by program operators. However, this is currently only applied to foreground data, while background electricity mixes rely on databases typically providing physical mixes. This simultaneous use of mix modeling methods not only raises a consistency issue but also a double-counting problem, because renewable electricity claimed in the foreground by GOs can still be used in the physical electricity mix used in the background. We propose a first exploration of how the environmental impacts of building material production could change with a partially consistent virtual mix approach. In the foreground, we assume that material producers cover their electricity demand with renewable electricity tracked with GOs. In the background, only the remaining untracked electricity (residual mix) is left and applied where data availability allows. High variations are observed in the impact indicators climate change (biogenic, land use and land use change) and ionizing radiation. Our analysis is a first step towards more consistent electricity consumption modeling.
Driving cross-sector synergies through holistic building decarbonization in Hong Kong – AIRSIDE: a landmark grade A office & retail development
Authors: Wu J , Au S , Wong V , Chow C , Chan H , Lam T , Cheng V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper examines how a collaborative and holistic design and operation framework can drive building decarbonization through case study. In Hong Kong’s evolving real estate landscape, developers of new commercial developments are striving to be carbon-efficient by incorporating sustainable infrastructure from the early stages. However, tenant participation is crucial for successful decarbonization, as they consume up to 50% of electricity in the building life cycle and contribute to significant carbon footprint through water usage and debris waste. The case study of AIRSIDE, a 178,000m2 commercial development in Hong Kong’s central business district, demonstrates an approach to accelerate decarbonization. AIRSIDE goes beyond traditional measures by implementing tenant-focused strategies like smart waste sorting and utility sub-metering. Furthermore, AIRSIDE adopts the net positive lease incentive scheme and a carbon-tracking smart platform to track and quantify tenant emissions, fostering a common goal of carbon reduction. The building’s collaborative spirit in decarbonization is evident through partnerships with cross-sector green practitioners, which create win-win opportunities such as developing upcycled fabric as fit-out material. AIRSIDE stands out as a unique decarbonization pioneer, constantly testing on innovations from design to operations. This paper emphasizes the critical role of awareness and momentum in achieving effective carbon reduction within the built environment, adopting a cross-sectoral approach to decarbonization.
Optimizing designs for net zero emission buildings – technical and conceptual feasibility in a Norwegian context
Authors: Rasmussen F N , Bohne R A , Kvande T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates how a redesign of five single-family houses can comply with the Norwegian definition of a net zero emission building (ZEB). Central to the ZEB definition used in this study is the assumption that greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) can be compensated by exporting generated electricity from photovoltaic (PV) systems, thus avoiding emissions from grid-mix. The redesigns were made as part of a master’s level course where five student teams followed an iterative process with three main steps, where 1) the energy efficiency of the building was improved with passive and active measures. Results from this showed how energy demand was reduced, on average, by one-third in the building cases. 2) Selection of materials with low GHGe-intensity was in focus. Results showed how the ZEB designs were 1.5-2.5 times more GHGe-intensive than the base case designs, mainly due to the application of PV systems. 3) remaining life-cycle GHGe were compensated via on-site PV electricity generation and exports. Resulting designs included mounted and integrated PV systems and exported, on average, 14,000 kWh annually. Key learnings from the process were the challenges in adapting an existing design without altering the architectural expression. Hence, ZEB design should preferably begin at the conceptual design level. Additional learnings relate to the sensitivity in parameter setting for the in-use scenarios, specifically the degradation rate of the PV panels and the ZEB-factor for GHGe compensation (132 g CO2eq/kWh used in this study). An outlook from the study relates to the ZEB definition itself, internationally developing towards requirements for active GHGe removals from the atmosphere as a more stringent type of emission compensation.
Exploring the Influence of Household Agent-Based Modelling on Whole-life Decarbonisation of Residential Buildings
Authors: Chan M , Foliente G , Seo S , Hui F K P , Aye L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Besides the operational and embodied carbon associated with the physical building, how significant is the influence of the heterogenous nature of household decision making in whole-life decarbonisation of the housing sector? This paper investigates the effects of explicitly considering these factors through agent-based modelling (ABM) of households integrated in bottom-up building stock modelling considering typologies of physical houses (existing and new/future) and different households, and how these might evolve to 2050 in the State of Victoria, Australia. The state population is represented by household typologies based on socio-economic status, tenure, and decisions as influenced by financial, physical/family needs and behavioural factors. The ABM is implemented using Python MESA software and the different house typologies’ whole-life carbon are calculated using the Australian Zero Emission House (AusZEH) modelling software and the Environmental Performance in Construction (EPiC) LCA database, respectively. Considering household decisions yielded higher operational carbon reduction on average across various scenarios, however these have less impact on reducing embodied carbon. And in Victoria, with increasing trends in population and housing demand, embodied carbon dominates whole-life carbon (WLC) outcomes. The heterogeneity of household decisions cannot be ignored and should be further studied along with embodied carbon reduction strategies and a broad range of scenarios that consider the dynamic and uncertain nature of factors that drive and influence the WLC of buildings.
Understanding Household Cooking Fuel Choice of the User Segments in Urban India
Authors: Tiwari V , Jana A , Bandyopadhyay S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The residential sector of India is the second biggest energy consumer globally, amounting to 29% of the net national consumption. In the residential sector, cooking accounts for the highest share of energy consumption. In India, approximately 30% of the urban population used polluting fuels as primary cooking fuels as per the latest consumer survey. Given the projection of the urban population growth in India, it is imperative to understand the variables affecting cooking fuel choices. The current literature, however, assumes the population under the study area to be homogeneous, but in countries like India, the heterogeneity is relatively high. In this study, the urban population was segmented using K-Means Clustering and Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis was applied to each segment to study the variables influencing their cooking fuel choice. The data from the Household Consumer Expenditure Survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) of India was used for the study. The analysis shows that the same variables influence the fuel choices of different socio-economic household segments differently. This research contributes to the existing literature by analysing fuel choice through socio-economic segmentation, thus allowing future trend prediction from a cross-sectional study.