bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Frequency of Anastomotic Leakage with Stapled Compared to Hand‐Sewn Ileocolic Anastomosis in a Large Population‐Based Study
Authors: Gustafsson Pontus , Jestin Pia , Gunnarsson Ulf , Lindforss Ulrik 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe stapling technique was recommended in a recent Cochrane analysis based on relatively small randomized trials between 1970 and 2009. Data from a large Swedish population‐based quality register were analyzed in order to compare the leakage frequency between stapled and hand‐sewn ileocolic anastomoses in colon cancer surgery.MethodsThree‐thousand four‐hundred and twenty‐eight patients with an ileocolic anastomosis were entered in a Swedish regional quality register for colon cancer, including the type of anastomosis used. The patients were analyzed by logistic regression regarding risk for leakage, and Cox proportional hazard regression for survival associated with the technique used for anastomosis. Analyses were made for gender, age, elective or emergency surgery, duration of surgery, bleeding, cancer stage, and local radicality.ResultsMost anastomoses were hand sewn (1,908 of 3,428, 55.7 %, p < 0.001), whereas stapling was more common among emergency cases (342 of 618, 55.3 %, p < 0.001). Clinically relevant leakage appeared in 58 patients (1.7 %), of whom 51 (87.9 %) were re‐operated. Leakage was found to be more frequent after stapled anastomosis (2.4 vs. 1.2 %, p = 0.006), and in multivariate analysis, stapled anastomosis was the only risk factor (OR = 2.04 95 % CI 1.19–3.50). There was no difference in overall survival related to the technique.ConclusionHand‐sewn anastomosis is not associated with a higher leakage rate when comparing to a stapling procedure and is recommended for routine and emergency right‐sided colon cancer surgery. This recommendation is based on what appears to be a lower leakage rate, similar survival and lower material cost.
Concentration- and roughness-dependent antibacterial and antifungal activities of CuO thin films and their Cu ion cytotoxicity and elution behavior
Authors: Shim Gyu-In , Kim Seong-Hwan , Eom Hyung-Woo , Choi Se-Young 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties, cytotoxicity, and elution behavior of copper oxide (CuO) thin films with varying concentrations and roughness values. CuO films greater than 0.2 mol % showed 99.9 % antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, and Penicillium funiculosum. Cu ions were found to be noncytotoxic in New Zealand white rabbits. The concentration of Cu ions from CuO thin films eluted in drinking water in 24 h at 100 °C was 0.014 μg L−1, which was below the standard acceptable level of 0.02 μg L−1. The transmittance of CuO thin film-coated glass was similar to that of parent glass. The antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, elution behavior, and transmittance of CuO deposited on glass suggest that these films could be useful in household devices and display devices.
The Surgical Management of Hand Enchondroma without Postcurettage Void Augmentation: Authors' Experience and a Systematic Review
Authors: Bachoura Abdo , Rice Ian S. , Lubahn Andrew R. , Lubahn John D. 
Published: February 2015

Background Postcurettage void augmentation in the management of hand enchondroma is a debated practice. The objectives of this study are to present the outcomes of hand enchondroma treatment by curettage without void augmentation at the authors' institution and to systematically review the literature pertinent to this aspect of management. Methods Initially, a retrospective case series of patients treated for hand enchondroma at the authors' institution was conducted to assess postoperative complications and radiographic consolidation. All patients were treated by curettage without void augmentation. Next, a systematic review was conducted. Postcurettage void management was categorized into four groups: (1) curettage alone, (2) curettage followed by augmentation with cancellous autograft, (3) curettage followed by augmentation with bioactive and osteoconductive materials other than autograft, and (4) curettage followed by augmentation with bone cements. Complication and recurrence rates were compared. Results The authors' series was composed of 24 patients with 26 lesions. The mean age was 38.9 years (range 14–61), and the mean follow-up was 26 months (range 3–120). There was one recurrence but no postoperative fractures or nonunions. As for the systematic review, a total of 22 studies involving 591 patients and 609 lesions were assessed. Complications occurred at an incidence of 0.7 % following curettage alone, 3.5 % following autograft, 0 % following augmentation with bioactive/osteoconductive materials, and 2.0 % following cement augmentation. No statistical differences were noted for complication or recurrence rates. Conclusions Simple curettage is an effective and inexpensive technique that does not lead to increased complication rates in the treatment of most hand enchondromas.
Conformity in the lab
Authors: Goeree Jacob K. , Yariv Leeat 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe use a revealed preference approach to disentangle conformity, an intrinsic taste to follow others, from information-driven herding. We provide observations from a series of sequential decision-making experiments in which subjects choose the type of information they observe before making their decision. Namely, subjects choose between observing a private (statistically informative) signal or the history of play of predecessors who have not chosen a private signal (i.e., a statistically uninformative word-of-mouth signal). In our setup, subjects choose the statistically uninformative social signal 34% of the time and, of those, 88% follow their observed predecessors’ actions. When allowing for payoff externalities by paying subjects according to the collective action chosen by majority rule, the results are amplifed and the social signal is chosen in 51% of all cases, and 59% of those who pick the social signal follow the majority choice. The results from the majority treatment demonstrate that conformist behavior is not driven by inequality aversion, nor by strategic voting behavior in which voters balance others who are uninformed. Raising the stakes five-fold does not eliminate conformist behavior; in both treatments, the social signal is chosen nearly 50% of the time. Individual level analysis yields the identification of rules of thumb subjects use in making their decisions.
Transforming Food Systems Through Food Sovereignty: An Australian Urban Context
Authors: Davila Federico , Dyball Robert 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article draws on La Via Campesina's definition of food sovereignty and its potential for reconceptualising food as a basic human right within the dominant Australian food discourse. We argue that the educative value that emerges from urban food production in Australia stems from the action of growing food and its capacity to transform individuals’ social and environmental concerns over food systems. Community participation in urban food production can promote a learning process that generates political understanding and concerns over food systems. We use the education theories of transformative learning and critical consciousness to discuss how Australian urban food production systems can create this social and environmental support for alternative food systems. By having control over food production practices and building collective understandings of how food choices impact global food systems, elements of food sovereignty can develop in an Australian urban context.
A new approach using high-resolution computed tomography to test the buoyant properties of chambered cephalopod shells
Authors: Lemanis Robert , Zachow Stefan , Fusseis Florian , Hoffmann René 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe chambered shell of modern cephalopods functions as a buoyancy apparatus, allowing the animal to enter the water column without expending a large amount of energy to overcome its own weight. Indeed, the chambered shell is largely considered a key adaptation that allowed the earliest cephalopods to leave the ocean floor and enter the water column. It has been argued by some, however, that the iconic chambered shell of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ammonoids did not provide a sufficiently buoyant force to compensate for the weight of the entire animal, thus restricting ammonoids to a largely benthic lifestyle reminiscent of some octopods. Here we develop a technique using high-resolution computed tomography to quantify the buoyant properties of chambered shells without reducing the shell to ideal spirals or eliminating inherent biological variability by using mathematical models that characterize past work in this area. This technique has been tested onNautilus pompiliusand is now extended to the extant deep-sea squidSpirula spirulaand the Jurassic ammoniteCadocerassp. hatchling.Cadocerasis found to have possessed near-neutral to positive buoyancy if hatched when the shell possessed between three and five chambers. However, we show that the animal could also overcome degrees of negative buoyancy through swimming, similar to the paralarvae of modern squids. These calculations challenge past inferences of benthic life habits based solely on calculations of negative buoyancy. The calculated buoyancy ofCadocerassupports the possibility of planktonic dispersal of ammonite hatchlings. This information is essential to understanding ammonoid ecology as well as biotic interactions and has implications for the interpretation of geochemical data gained from the isotopic analysis of the shell.
Superluminal Spot Pair Events in Astronomical Settings: Sweeping Beams
Authors: Nemiroff Robert J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSweeping beams of light can cast spots moving with superluminal speeds across scattering surfaces. Such faster-than-light speeds are well-known phenomena that do not violate special relativity. It is shown here that under certain circumstances, superluminal spot pair creation and annihilation events can occur that provide unique information to observers. These spot pair events are not particle pair events—they are the sudden creation or annihilation of a pair of relatively illuminated spots on a scattering surface. Real spot pair illumination events occur unambiguously on the scattering surface when spot speeds diverge, while virtual spot pair events are observer dependent and perceived only when real spot radial speeds cross the speed of light. Specifically, a virtual spot pair creation event will be observed when a real spot’s speed toward the observer drops below c, while a virtual spot pair annihilation event will be observed when a real spot’s radial speed away from the observer rises above c. Superluminal spot pair events might be found angularly, photometrically, or polarimetrically, and might carry useful geometry or distance information. Two example scenarios are briefly considered. The first is a beam swept across a scattering spherical object, exemplified by spots of light moving across Earth’s Moon and pulsar companions. The second is a beam swept across a scattering planar wall or linear filament, exemplified by spots of light moving across variable nebulae including Hubble’s Variable Nebula. In local cases where the sweeping beam can be controlled and repeated, a three-dimensional map of a target object can be constructed. Used tomographically, this imaging technique is fundamentally different from lens photography, radar, and conventional lidar.
WATER SAVING, WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD OUTPUTS OF FINE-GRAIN RICE CULTIVARS UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND WATER-SAVING RICE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: JABRAN K. , ULLAH E. , HUSSAIN M. , FAROOQ M. , HAIDER N. , CHAUHAN B. S. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYIn this study, we compared the weed emergence, water input, water saving, water productivity, panicle sterility, yield outputs and economic returns of transplanting with alternate wetting and drying (TRAWD) and dry direct seeding (DSR) with transplanting under continuous flooding (TRCF) using three fine-grain rice cultivars: Super Basmati; Basmati 2000; and Shaheen Basmati. Higher weed infestation was recorded in DSR than in TRCF and TRAWD. Raising rice as TRAWD and DSR had considerable water savings but a lower grain yield than TRCF. High panicle sterility was primarily responsible for low grain yield in TRAWD and DSR systems. Nonetheless, water productivity was better in DSR and TRAWD than TRCF. Shaheen Basmati in the DSR system and Basmati 2000 in TRCF fetched the highest economic returns during 2008 and 2009, respectively. In conclusion, fine-grain rice cultivars can be grown in water-saving production systems (e.g. TRAWD and DSR); however, these water-saving production systems might incur a yield penalty.
Inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum TF711 against Clostridium sporogenes when used as adjunct culture in cheese manufacture
Authors: González Lorena , Zárate Victoria 
Published: February 2015

Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria are of great interest to the food-processing industry as natural preservatives. This work aimed to investigate the efficacy of bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum TF711, isolated from artisanal Tenerife cheese, in controlling Clostridium sporogenes during cheese ripening. Cheeses were made from pasteurised milk artificially contaminated with 104 spores m/l C. sporogenes. Experimental cheeses were manufactured with Lb. plantarum TF711 added at 1% as adjunct to commercial starter culture. Cheeses made under the same conditions but without Lb. plantarum TF711 served as controls. Evolution of microbiological parameters, pH and NaCl content, as well as bacteriocin production was studied throughout 45 d of ripening. Addition of Lb. plantarum TF711 did not bring about any significant change in starter culture counts, NaCl content and pH, compared with control cheese. In contrast, clostridial spore count in experimental cheeses were significantly lower than in control cheeses from 7 d onwards, reaching a maximum reduction of 2·2 log units on day 21. Inhibition of clostridia found in experimental cheeses was mainly attributed to plantaricin activity, which in fact was recovered from these cheeses.
Comparison of lateral microsurgical preauricular and anterior endoscopic approaches to the jugular foramen
Authors: Komune N , Komune S , Matsushima K , Rhoton A L 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroduction:This project compares access to the anterolateral part of the jugular foramen provided by the lateral microsurgical preauricular and the anterior endoscopic approaches, and defines the important landmarks involved in each approach.Study Design:Cadaveric study.Results:The endoscopic transnasal/transmaxillary transpterygoid corridor provides a less invasive route for selected lesions in the jugular foramen than the traditional open route through the preauricular subtemporal infratemporal fossa approach. However, the anterior endoscopic approach provides a smaller channel to the jugular foramen than the preauricular approach.Conclusions:The anterior endoscopic approach to the anterolateral part of the jugular foramen is a useful alternative to the lateral microsurgical preauricular approach in carefully selected cases. The vaginal process of the tympanic part of the temporal bone provides a valuable landmark to aid in accessing the jugular foramen in both procedures and can be drilled to open the foramen in the preauricular approach.
Efficacy of pre-operative computed tomography evaluation of the tympanic cavity for hearing improvement after stapes surgery for tympanosclerosis with stapes fixation
Authors: Kikkawa S , Kubo K , Kawano H , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:Our aim was to determine if stapes surgery is useful for treating inflammatory ear diseases.Materials and methods:Thirteen patients underwent single-stage or staged surgery for stapes fixation due to tympanosclerosis alone or with cholesteatoma. Operative criteria were: no tympanic membrane retraction, perforation or adhesion; middle-ear cavity with aeration >1 year; a fixed stapes. Computed tomography was used to analyse the relation between operative success and pre-operative pneumatisation.Results:Success rate at six months was 75 per cent. Hearing results were stable with little deterioration and no complications. Patients with poor pneumatisation had good results (with improved air–bone gap) only after staged surgery. Well-aerated ears heard better even with single-stage surgery.Conclusions:Pre-operative computed tomography and intra-operative findings are necessary to determine the pneumatisation status of tympanic mastoid cavities. If criteria approved, poorly pneumatised patients underwent staged surgery. Stapedectomy achieved good hearing results for inflammatory middle-ear disease with stapes fixation.
Transnasal endoscopic surgery of post-operative maxillary cysts
Authors: Sawatsubashi M , Murakami D , Oda M , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:The present study investigates the indications for transnasal endoscopic surgery in treating post-operative maxillary cysts.Methods:In this retrospective study, the records of 118 patients with post-operative maxillary cysts (88 unilateral and 30 bilateral) consisting of 148 procedures were reviewed.Results:A transnasal endoscopic approach was performed in 144 lesions (97.3 per cent). A combined endonasal endoscopic and canine fossa (external) approach was performed in 4 of 148 lesions, because the cysts were located distant from the nasal cavity and had a thick bony wall. A ventilation stent was placed in four patients (four cysts) to avoid post-operative meatal antrostomy stenosis. Recurrence was observed in five patients (4.2 per cent), all of whom subsequently underwent transnasal endoscopic revision surgery.Conclusion:Transnasal endoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for post-operative maxillary cyst with the exception of cysts located distant from the nasal cavity.
Endonasal endoscopic surgery with combined middle and inferior meatal antrostomies for fungal maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Sawatsubashi M , Murakami D , Umezaki T , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of inferior and middle meatal antrostomies for treatment of a maxillary sinus fungus ball by functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis including 28 patients with non-invasive fungal maxillary sinusitis was performed. Fourteen patients underwent FESS with both middle and inferior meatal antrostomies (combined group). The remaining 14 patients were treated with FESS through only the middle meatal antrostomy (control group).Results:Post-operative computed tomography showed normal maxillary sinuses in all patients in the combined group. In contrast, in the control group, five patients (36 per cent) exhibited a normal maxillary sinus, seven (50 per cent) showed maxillary mucosal thickening and two (14 per cent) had persistent fungus balls in the maxillary sinus.Conclusion:FESS with a combination of middle and inferior meatal antrostomies proved more effective for treating fungal maxillary sinusitis.
Safe and rapid contouring of fibro-osseous lesions in the orbital area using navigation with minimally invasive cranial bone registration
Authors: Kamizono K , Yoshida S , Cho B , Matsumoto N , Fukushima J , Jinnouchi M , Ouchida R , Sawatsubashi M , Hashizume M , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground:Bone contouring is currently the best treatment for fibro-osseous lesions after bone growth arrest. Navigation systems available for this surgery allow intra-operative visualisation with improved cosmetic outcomes. However, conventional navigation systems using superficial skin registration cannot prevent subtle discrepancies.Method:To address this problem, we used a non-invasive cranial bone registration that uses patient-specific dental templates to maintain exact registration. We created the preset goal using the mirror image of the unaffected side for unilateral lesions, and using images obtained before the onset of symptoms for bilateral lesions. This system achieved precise pre-operative simulation. A sound aid in the navigation system provided information regarding proximity to critical structures and to the preset goal.Results:We used this system to contour fibro-osseous lesions in three patients. All patients achieved good facial contours and improvement in symptoms.Conclusions:This method offers a safe, rapid surgical aid in treating orbital fibro-osseous lesions.
Clinical outcomes of tracheoesophageal diversion for intractable aspiration
Authors: Adachi K , Umezaki T , Kiyohara H , Miyaji H , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of the present study was to examine the clinical outcomes of using tracheoesophageal diversion for preventing intractable aspiration.Method:We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients who underwent tracheoesophageal diversion from 2003 to 2009 at our hospital (median age, 25 years; range, 0–78 years). End-to-side anastomosis was used in 16 cases and side-to-side anastomosis was used in 9.Results:The average operative time was 141 minutes for end-to-side anastomosis and 191 minutes for side-to-side anastomosis. Peri-operative complications were observed in only two (8 per cent) cases: one with infection and one with haematoma. No fistulas were observed. Aspiration was prevented in all cases, but the nutritional route depended on the swallowing function of the patient. Oral feeding was the main nutritional route after surgery in only four patients (16 per cent).Conclusion:This procedure is well suited to patients who lack speech communication and are at high risk of aspiration.
Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma in head and neck
Authors: Yasumatsu R , Nakashima T , Yamauchi M , Toh S , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurpose:The management of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma has not been standardised to date. This study reviewed the clinical course, management and survival outcomes of patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma in the head and neck region.Methods:Nine patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma in the head and neck were included in this study.Results:Five patients received radical surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both. Two other patients were treated with chemotherapy consisting of CPT11 plus cisplatin or CPT11 plus cisplatin plus VP-16 three times. Two other patients received chemoradiotherapy consisting of S-1 or CPT11 plus cisplatin. The median overall survival was 14.5 months, with a three-year survival rate of 23.7 per cent.Conclusions:The prognosis of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma is generally poor. Further prospective multicentre studies are required for better understanding of disease entities and response to treatment modalities.
Adenosquamous carcinoma of unknown primary origin: a case report and literature review
Authors: Takeuchi T , Yasui T , Izeki M , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground:Adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare variant of semicircular canal that can affect various regions, including the head and neck. Adenosquamous carcinoma is characterised pathologically by the simultaneous presence of distinct areas of semicircular canal and adenocarcinoma, and usually takes an aggressive course with local recurrences, early lymph node metastases and distant disseminations.Case:We report a rare case of neck adenosquamous carcinoma of unknown primary origin, which was well-controlled by thorough resection without any other additional therapy.Conclusion:We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of adenosquamous carcinoma along with a review of pertinent literature. We also consider the potential differential diagnosis of branchiogenic carcinoma.