bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Dynamics of Black Leaf Mould (Pseudocercospora fuligena) on Greenhouse‐Grown Fresh Market Tomatoes
Authors: Mersha Zelalem , Zhang Shouan , Hau Bernhard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBlack leaf mould (BLM), caused by Pseudocercospora fuligena, is a major fungal foliar disease of greenhouse‐grown tomatoes in the humid tropics. Quantifying the disease and yield loss from seasonal plantings will help mitigate the heavy reliance on frequent sprays of curative fungicides. In this study, severity of BLM was investigated in sequential plantings of tomatoes in two 50‐mesh BioNet greenhouses in central Thailand from June 2005 to January 2007. Each planting consisted of a block of six plants that received two applications of mancozeb and another block of six plants with no fungicide application at all. Two BLM peak epidemic periods were identified, that is, from plantings that were started in August–September and in January. On average, a yield loss of 30.6% was recorded from the two peak epidemic periods based on comparison of fungicide‐sprayed and non‐sprayed plants. Two sprays of mancozeb resulted in 71.6% reduction in disease severity during these peak epidemic periods. Mean disease severity (DS*) was highly correlated with a favourability index of relative humidity (RH), which was quantified on a scale of 0 (<85%, non‐favourable) to 1 (≥85%, extremely favourable). A three‐parameter logistic function explained the data well (R2 = 0.81, P < 0.0001). Marketable yield (MY) was positively correlated with maximum plant height (PHmax) but negatively correlated with DS*. In addition, MY was higher from plantings during October to December. It was predicted well (R2 = 0.60; P < 0.0001) using the model MY = (a + b × PHmax) × (1‐c × DS*), which combined both PHmax and DS*. Using this model, a reduction of 1.05% in marketable yield was predicted for each 1% increase in mean disease severity. The outcomes of this study implicated the need for management of RH and critical relevance of protecting tomato plants against BLM when they are grown during the peak epidemic periods.
Size-dependent internalisation of folate-decorated nanoparticles via the pathways of clathrin and caveolae-mediated endocytosis in ARPE-19 cells
Authors: Suen Wai-Leung Langston , Chau Ying 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objectives
We aim to quantify the effect of size and degree of folate loading of folate-decorated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) on the kinetics of cellular uptake and the selection of endocytic pathways in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.

Methods
In this study, methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polycaprolactone (mPEG-b-PCL) and folate-functionalized PEG-b-PCL were synthesized for assembling into nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 50 nm to 250 nm. These nanoparticles were internalized into ARPE-19 (human RPE cell line) via receptor-mediated endocytosis. A two-step endocytosis process mathematical model was adopted to quantify binding affinity and uptake kinetics of nanoparticles in RPE cells in uptake and inhibition studies.

Key findings
Nanoparticles with 100% folate loading have highest binding affinity and uptake rate in RPE cells. Maximum uptake rate (Vmax) of nanoparticles increased as the size of particles decreased from 250 nm to 50 nm. Endocytic pathway study was studied by using chlorpromazine and methyl-β-cyclodextran (MβCD), which are clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitors, respectively. Both chlorpromazine and MβCD inhibited the uptake of folate-decorated nanoparticles. Inhibition constant (Ki) and maximum uptake rate (Vmax) revealed that 50 nm and 120 nm folate-decorated nanoparticles were found to be internalized via both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The 250 nm folate-decorated nanoparticles, however, were only internalized via caveolae-mediated pathway.

Conclusions
Increased uptake rate of folate-decorated NPs into RPE cells is observed with increasing degree of folate modification. These NPs utilize both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways to enter RPE cells upon size variation. The 50 nm NPs are internalized the fastest, with clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the preferred route. Uptake of 250 nm particles is the slowest and is dominated by caveolae-mediated endocytosis.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of cefquinome against Pasteurella multocida in a tissue‐cage model in yellow cattle
Authors: Shan Q. , Yang F. , Wang J. , Ding H. , He L. , Zeng Z. 
Published: August 2013

The cephalosporin antimicrobial drug cefquinome was administered to yellow cattle intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight in a two‐period crossover study. The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of cefquinome in serum, inflamed tissue‐cage fluid (exudate), and noninflamed tissue‐cage fluid (transudate) were studied using a tissue‐cage model. The in vitro and ex vivo activities of cefquinome in serum, exudate, and transudate against a pathogenic strain of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) were determined. A concentration‐independent antimicrobial activity of cefquinome was confirmed for levels lower than 4 × MIC. Integration of in vivo pharmacokinetic data with the in vitro MIC provided mean values for the time that drug levels remain above the MIC (T > MIC) in serum was 14.10 h after intravenous and 14.46 h after intramuscular dosing, indicating a likely high level of effectiveness in clinical infections caused by P. multocida of MIC 0.04 μg/mL or less. These data may be used as a rational basis for setting dosing schedules, which optimize clinical efficacy and minimize the opportunities for emergence of resistant organisms.
Interactions of bacteria with diatoms: influence on natural marine biofilms
Authors: Khandeparker Lidita , D'Costa Priya M. , Anil Arga C. , Sawant Subhash S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInteractions between microfouling components influence the biofilm community and the cascading events, thus playing an important role in the biofouling process. Bacteria and diatoms are among the dominant forms reported in biofilms. Experiments were carried out with natural marine biofilms from a tropical monsoon‐influenced environment to evaluate the interactions between bacteria and diatoms through application of antibiotics (streptomycin and chloramphenicol). Overall, chloramphenicol inhibited diatom communities, whereas streptomycin did not. These antibiotic‐mediated changes in the fouling diatom community were consistent across the seasons. However, the rates at which the fouling communities changed depended on the initial species composition. It was also observed that elevated nutrient concentrations overrode the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol. Maximum Vibrio enhancement was observed in the enriched conditions during the pre‐monsoon and unenriched conditions during the monsoon (with naturally elevated background nutrient concentrations), highlighting the relevance of nutrient concentrations for Vibrio spp. This has interesting implications for antibiotic‐mediated interactions between fouling diatom and bacterial communities under differing nutrient regimes. Although this study indicates the relevance of ‘cross‐talk’ at the microfouling level, understanding the effects of additional microbial products (e.g. bacteriocins and peptidoglycan) on these community‐level interactions will represent a step forward.
A Pavement Crack Detection Method Combining 2D with 3D Information Based on Dempster‐Shafer Theory
Authors: Huang Jianping , Liu Wanyu , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: August 2013

Abstract Pavement cracking is one of the main distresses presented in the road surface. Objective and accurate detection or evaluation for these cracks is an important task in the pavement maintenance and management. In this work, a new pavement crack detection method is proposed by combining two‐dimensional (2D) gray‐scale images and three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanning data based on Dempster‐Shafer (D‐S) theory. In this proposed method, 2D gray‐scale image and 3D laser scanning data are modeled as a mass function in evidence theory, and 2D and 3D detection results for pavement cracks are fused at decision‐making level. The experimental results show that the proposed method takes advantage of the respective merits of 2D images and 3D laser scanning data and therefore improves the pavement crack detection accuracy and reduces recognition error rate compared to 2D image intensity‐based methods.
Granular cell tumour of the tongue in a 17‐year‐old orthodontic patient: a case report
Authors: Hita‐Davis P. , Edwards P. , Conley S. , Dyer T.J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo describe the clinical presentation of a granular cell tumour (GCT) in an orthodontic patient, as well as discuss its aetiology and treatment of choice. We present a case of GCT of the tongue in an otherwise healthy 17‐year‐old male patient along with a brief review of literature on GCTs. The lesion was surgically excised and orthodontic treatment was successfully finalised. Clinically, GCTs are indistinguishable from other benign connective tissue and neural tissue neoplasms and may be found in any site, with cases commonly involving the gastrointestinal system, breast and lung. However, over 50% of cases involve the head and neck, with the tongue being the most frequently involved site (65–85% of oral GCTs). GCTs demonstrate a close anatomical relationship with peripheral nerve fibres and demonstrate the presence of myelin and axon‐like structures thus lending credence to their neural origin. The treatment of choice for GCTs is conservative surgical excision. Because GCTs present with a potential for recurrence, follow‐up is recommended. While the primary focus of orthodontic treatment is the position of the teeth within the orofacial complex, the health and wellness of the patient and his/her surrounding oral tissues always take precedence. This case demonstrates the importance of routine physical examination of the intraoral and extraoral tissues during routine orthodontic care.
Assessment of Adequate Safety Margin Using Single Coupling Interval‐Upper Limit of Vulnerability Test
Authors: PATEL MEHUL B. , PANDYA KHYATI , THAKUR RANJAN K. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeUpper limit of vulnerability (ULV) testing using T‐wave scanning shocks at multiple coupling intervals correlates well with defibrillation threshold (DFT), but remains underutilized in clinical practice. We measured DFT and ULV at a single coupling interval (SCI), with the aim to identify adequate safety margin at a coupling interval that correlates best with DFT.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation underwent simultaneous SCI‐ULV and DFT assessment. Following a drive train of 400 ms, a T‐wave‐coupled shock was delivered. To minimize shocks, patients were randomized to programmed shock at 20 ms before peak (Group I), at peak (Group II), or 20 ms after peak (Group III) of T wave. An initial T‐wave test shock at 9 J was followed by ±2 J shocks, until SCI‐ULV was ascertained. Device rescue shocks were programmed at test shock +2 J and +4 J shocks followed by external rescue shock.ResultsThere were 200 patients: 66 patients in Group I, 67 patients each in Groups II and III; mean age was 68.9 ± 12.4 years; 75% of patients men, 66% with ischemic heart disease and mean ejection fraction of 27.1 ± 7.1%. Overall, the mean number of ventricular fibrillation induction was 1.39 ± 0.8, mean SCI‐ULV energy was 7.97 ± 3.39 J, and mean DFT was 8.68 ± 3.19 J. The correlation between SCI‐ULV and DFT improved from Group I to Group III and was best in Group III (r2 = 0.689). There were no major adverse events.ConclusionsSCI‐ULV measured 20 ms after the peak of the T wave correlates well with DFT for assessment of adequate safety margin.
Psychosocial and Cardiac Outcomes of Yoga for ICD Patients: A Randomized Clinical Control Trial
Authors: TOISE STEFANIE C. F. , SEARS SAMUEL F. , SCHOENFELD MARK H. , BLITZER MARK L. , MARIEB MARK A. , DRURY JOHN H. , SLADE MARTIN D. , DONOHUE THOMAS J. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundBecause as many as 46% of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients experience clinical symptoms of shock anxiety, this randomized controlled study evaluated the efficacy of adapted yoga (vs usual care) in reducing clinical psychosocial risks shown to impact morbidity and mortality in ICD recipients.MethodsForty‐six participants were randomized to a control group or an 8‐week adapted yoga group that followed a standardized protocol with weekly classes and home practice. Medical and psychosocial data were collected at baseline and follow‐up, then compared and analyzed.ResultsTotal shock anxiety decreased for the yoga group and increased for the control group, t(4.43, 36), P < 0.0001, with significant differences between these changes. Similarly, consequential anxiety decreased for the yoga group but increased for the control group t(2.86,36) P = 0.007. Compared to the control, the yoga group had greater overall self‐compassion, t(–2.84,37), P = 0.007, and greater mindfulness, t(–2.10,37) P = 0.04, at the end of the study. Exploratory analyses utilizing a linear model (R2 = 0.98) of observed device‐treated ventricular (DTV) events revealed that the expected number of DTV events in the yoga group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.0001). Compared to the control, the yoga group had a 32% lower risk of experiencing device‐related firings at end of follow‐up.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated psychosocial benefits from a program of adapted yoga (vs usual care) for ICD recipients. These data support continued research to better understand the role of complementary medicine to address ICD‐specific stress in cardiac outcomes.
Unravelling the genetic complexity of sorghum seedling development under low‐temperature conditions
Authors: BEKELE WUBISHET A. , FIEDLER KARIN , SHIRINGANI AMUKELANI , SCHNAUBELT DANIEL , WINDPASSINGER STEFFEN , UPTMOOR RALF , FRIEDT WOLFGANG , SNOWDON ROD J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSorghum is a promising alternative to maize for bioenergy production in Europe; however, its use is currently limited by poor adaptation to low temperatures during and after germination. We collected multi‐trait phenotype data under optimal and suboptimal temperatures in a genetically diverse recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population showing contrasting segregation patterns for pre‐ and post‐emergence chilling tolerance. Germination, emergence, seedling development, root architecture and seedling survival were assessed in two different seedlots. Emergence and root establishment were found to be the key determinants of development and survival under chilling stress. Highly interactive epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL) hotspots, including a previously unknown QTL on Sb06 with a significant effect on prolonged chilling survival, were found to regulate different physiological mechanisms contributing to maintenance of growth and development despite the chilling temperatures. The major QTL regions harbour promising candidate genes with known roles in abiotic stress tolerance. Identification of loci in the QTL hotspot regions conferring maintenance of cell division and growth under early chilling stress represents a promising step towards breeding for successful establishment of sorghum in temperate climates.
Competition between isoprene emission and pigment synthesis during leaf development in aspen
Authors: RASULOV BAHTIJOR , BICHELE IRINA , LAISK AGU , NIINEMETS ÜLO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn growing leaves, lack of isoprene synthase (IspS) is considered responsible for delayed isoprene emission, but competition for dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), the substrate for both isoprene synthesis and prenyltransferase reactions in photosynthetic pigment and phytohormone synthesis, can also play a role. We used a kinetic approach based on post‐illumination isoprene decay and modelling DMADP consumption to estimate in vivo kinetic characteristics of IspS and prenyltransferase reactions, and to determine the share of DMADP use by different processes through leaf development in Populus tremula. Pigment synthesis rate was also estimated from pigment accumulation data and distribution of DMADP use from isoprene emission changes due to alendronate, a selective inhibitor of prenyltransferases. Development of photosynthetic activity and pigment synthesis occurred with the greatest rate in 1‐ to 5‐day‐old leaves when isoprene emission was absent. Isoprene emission commenced on days 5 and 6 and increased simultaneously with slowing down of pigment synthesis. In vivo Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) values obtained were 265 nmol m−2 (20 μm) for DMADP‐consuming prenyltransferase reactions and 2560 nmol m−2 (190 μm) for IspS. Thus, despite decelerating pigment synthesis reactions in maturing leaves, isoprene emission in young leaves was limited by both IspS activity and competition for DMADP by prenyltransferase reactions.
Globalization, state, and innovation: An appraisal of networked industrial policy
Authors: Negoita Marian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOne of the most pressing questions in comparative social science is whether, and to what extent, the rapid advance of globalization has negatively affected states’ capacity to initiate successful economic and social policies. This paper puts forward the notion that states continue to be relevant because they have the potential to build and sustain networks of production and learning, which are sorely needed in the current era of globalization when productive arrangements are dominated by decentralized production networks. The paper argues that government efforts aimed at building and sustaining such networks, labeled as “networked industrial policy,” have become predominant. The study features a series of fixed‐effects time series cross‐section (TSCS) regressions linking innovation performance to several networked industrial policies in 17 countries from western and central Europe. The study finds that several of the policies have a robust effect on innovation performance and technology competitiveness, even after controls are included. These findings constitute considerable support for the notion of networked industrial policy. However, the results of the present study must be treated less as a definitive answer to the research question and more as a first step in an ongoing research process.
Building European Union capacity to manage transboundary crises: Network or lead‐agency model?
Authors: Boin Arjen , Busuioc Madalina , Groenleer Martijn 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the European continent has witnessed a substantial number of “transboundary crises” – crises that cross geographical borders and affect multiple policy domains. Nation states find it hard to deal with such crises by themselves. International cooperation, thus, becomes increasingly important, but it is not clear what shape or form that cooperation should take. This article explores the growing role of the European Union (EU) in managing transboundary crises. More specifically, it reflects on the different ways in which the expanding contours of the EU's emerging crisis capacity can be organized. Using three “performative dimensions” – sense‐making, coordination, and legitimacy – the article discusses the possible advantages and disadvantages of a decentralized, network model and compares it with a more centralized, lead‐agency model. It concludes that the current network model is a logical outcome of the punctuated and fragmentary process through which EU crisis management capacities have been created. It also notes that the shortcomings of this model may necessitate elements of a lead‐agency model. Such “agencification” of networks for transboundary crisis management may well lead to a hybrid model that is uniquely suited for the peculiar organizational and political creature that the EU is.
Canine transmissible venereal tumour: a review
Authors: Ganguly B. , Das U. , Das A. K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCanine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a contagious venereal tumour of dogs, commonly observed in dogs that are in close contact with one another, or in stray and wild dogs that exhibit unrestrained sexual activity. CTVT represents a unique, naturally transmissible, contagious tumour, where the mutated tumour cell itself is the causative agent and perpetuates as a parasitic allograft in the host. Clinical history, signalment and cytological features are often obvious for establishing a diagnosis though biopsy and histological examination may be needed in atypical cases. Most cases are curable with three intravenous injections of vincristine sulphate at weekly intervals. The role of stray and wild dogs makes the disease difficult to control and necessitates sustained animal birth control in stray dogs along with prompt therapy of the affected dogs. This review captures the manifold developments in different areas embracing this fascinating tumour, including its biology, diagnosis and therapeutic alternatives.
An evaluation of organic light emitting diode monitors for medical applications: Great timing, but luminance artifacts
Authors: Elze Tobias , Taylor Christopher , Bex Peter J. 
Published: August 2013

Purpose:In contrast to the dominant medical liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) monitors control the display luminance via separate light‐emitting diodes for each pixel and are therefore supposed to overcome many previously documented temporal artifacts of medical LCDs. We assessed the temporal and luminance characteristics of the only currently available OLED monitor designed for use in the medical treatment field (SONY PVM2551MD) and checked the authors’ main findings with another SONY OLED device (PVM2541).Methods:Temporal properties of the photometric output were measured with an optical transient recorder. Luminances of the three color primaries and white for all 256 digital driving levels (DDLs) were measured with a spectroradiometer. Between the luminances of neighboring DDLs, just noticeable differences were calculated according to a perceptual model developed for medical displays. Luminances of full screen (FS) stimuli were compared to luminances of smaller stimuli with identical DDLs.Results:All measured luminance transition times were below 300 μs. Luminances were independent of the luminance in the preceding frame. However, for the single color primaries, up to 50.5% of the luminances of neighboring DDLs were not perceptually distinguishable. If two color primaries were active simultaneously, between 36.7% and 55.1% of neighboring luminances for increasing DDLs of the third primary were even decreasing. Moreover, luminance saturation effects were observed when too many pixels were active simultaneously. This effect was strongest for white; a small white patch was close to 400 cd/m2, but in FS the luminance of white saturated at 162 cd/m2. Due to different saturation levels, the luminance of FS green and FS yellow could exceed the luminance of FS white for identical DDLs.Conclusions:The OLED temporal characteristics are excellent and superior to those of LCDs. However, the OLEDs revealed severe perceptually relevant artifacts with implications for applicability to medical imaging.