bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MILD Procedure
Authors: Racz Gabor B. , Heavner James E. , Bosscher Hemmo , Helm Standiford 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe are following with great interest the increasing generally favorable impressions of the long‐term results of the MILD (minimally invasive lumbar decompression) procedure for treating spinal stenosis due to hypertrophied ligamentum flavum (LF). We are also influenced by the cautionary surgical observations and opinions of Tumialan et al and publications about the lack of efficacy or placebo effect. The impression indeed has been virtual safety of the MILD procedure, but Tumialan et al describe some major complications resulting from the procedure. An algorithm for clinical use is needed.
A Separable Model for Dynamic Networks
Authors: Krivitsky Pavel N. , Handcock Mark S. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryModels of dynamic networks—networks that evolve over time—have manifold applications. We develop a discrete time generative model for social network evolution that inherits the richness and flexibility of the class of exponential family random-graph models. The model—a separable temporal exponential family random-graph model—facilitates separable modelling of the tie duration distributions and the structural dynamics of tie formation. We develop likelihood-based inference for the model and provide computational algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation. We illustrate the interpretability of the model in analysing a longitudinal network of friendship ties within a school.
A Test for Second-Order Stationarity and Approximate Confidence Intervals for Localized Autocovariances for Locally Stationary Time Series
Authors: Nason Guy 
Published: March 2013

SummaryMany time series are not second order stationary and it is not appropriate to analyse them by using methods designed for stationary series. The paper introduces a new test for second-order stationarity that detects kinds of departures from stationarity that are different from those based on Fourier methods. The new test is also computationally fast, designed to work with Gaussian and a wide range of non-Gaussian time series, and can locate non-stationarities in time and scale. The test is demonstrated on earthquake, explosion, infant electrocardiogram and simulated time series showing varying degrees of stationarity. The second main contribution develops approximate confidence intervals for time varying autocovariances for locally stationary series as the usual bands computed for stationary series are not appropriate. Our new bands enable practitioners to assess time varying autocovariances statistically and are exhibited on localized autocovariances of explosion and simulated time series.
Intrinsic and extrinsic controls of spatial and temporal variations in modern fluvial tufa sedimentation: A thirteen‐year record from a semi‐arid environment
Authors: Arenas Concha , Vázquez‐Urbez Marta , Auqué Luis , Sancho Carlos , Osácar Cinta , Pardo Gonzalo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSedimentological and hydrochemical parameters of the River Piedra (north‐east Spain) were monitored every six months (from 1999 to 2012) at 24 sites, at which tablets were installed all along the river. The river water is of HCO3–SO4–Ca type and is notably influenced by inputs from upstream karstic springs. Tufa deposition was first detected 8 km downstream of these springs and greatly increased from there, primarily along the steeper stretch (i.e. within the Monasterio de Piedra Natural Park); then, deposition decreased through the most downstream stretch, with smaller ground water inputs. The spatial evolution of the tufa thickness, with parallel variations of PWP (Plummer, Wigley, Parkhurst) rates, was thus determined by the river water pCO2 which was controlled by ground water inputs and by the river bed slope. Five fluvial subenvironments and seven sedimentary facies were characterized. The water flow conditions are the primary factor responsible for the distinct deposition rates of facies, mainly through CO2‐outgassing. Stromatolites and moss‐tufa and alga‐tufa had the highest rates, whereas loose tufa formed in slow‐flowing water and tufa of spray areas had thinner deposition. A six‐month pattern in the deposition rate was detected through thickness measurements. That pattern was parallel to the seasonal PWP rates. The increased deposition during warm periods (spring and summer; mean: 5·08 mm) compared with cool periods (autumn and winter; mean: 2·77 mm) is linked chiefly to temperature, which controlled the seasonal changes in the physico‐chemical and biological processes; this finding is supported by a principal components analysis. Seasonal variations of insolation and day duration also contributed to such a deposition pattern. Large discharge events, which provoked erosion of tufa deposits and dilution of water, caused the reversal of the seasonal deposition rate pattern. Stromatolites are likely to preserve the most complete sedimentary record. Although tufas are a potentially sensitive record of climate‐related parameters, erosion is an intrinsic process that may overwhelm the effects of such parameters. This issue should be considered in palaeoclimatic studies based on the tufa record, particularly in semi‐arid conditions.
Treatment‐Resistant Depression and Risk of Suicide
Authors: Pfeiffer Paul N. , Kim Hyungjin M. , Ganoczy Dara , Zivin Kara , Valenstein Marcia 
Published: March 2013

We evaluated whether treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) as measured by the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) staging method was associated with suicide in a large U.S. health system. Data from the Veterans Health Administration and the National Death Index were used to conduct a case–control study of patients newly diagnosed with depression who received antidepressant treatment between 2003 and 2006. Suicide cases (N = 499) were matched with nonsuicide controls (N = 1994). Conditional logistic regression was used to assess whether MGH stage at time of suicide (or matched date) was associated with case status, adjusting for patient demographic characteristics, comorbidity, and service use. Results indicated 11.6% of suicide cases had MGH stage 3 or greater (indicating at least two antidepressant trials) compared to 6.4% of controls (p < .001). In adjusted analyses, suicide was not significantly more likely among patients with stage 3 or greater (OR 1.52; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.37) or stages 1.5–2.5 (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.55) compared to patients with stage 1 or less (<10 weeks of antidepressant medication). Staging TRD using MGH criteria is unlikely to substantially improve suicide risk assessment of depressed patients beyond existing measures contained in health system records.
Some retrospectives on early studies of plant microtubules
Authors: Hepler Peter K. , Pickett‐Heaps Jeremy D. , Gunning Brian E.S. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryWe pay tribute to the seminal paper ‘A microtubule in plant cell fine structure’ by Myron C. Ledbetter and Keith R. Porter (1963) by summarizing the very limited knowledge of plant cell ultrastructure that we had prior to that publication, and, by way of our three retrospective accounts, show how this paper stimulated and influenced subsequent research on plant microtubules. Micrographs of historical interest are presented that are either previously unpublished or from primary publications.
Function of type–2 Arabidopsis hemoglobin in the auxin‐mediated formation of embryogenic cells during morphogenesis
Authors: Elhiti Mohamed , Hebelstrup Kim H. , Wang Aiming , Li Chenlong , Cui Yuhai , Hill Robert D. , Stasolla Claudio 
Published: March 2013

SummarySuppression of Arabidopsis GLB2, a type–2 nonsymbiotic hemoglobin, enhances somatic embryogenesis by increasing auxin production. In the glb2 knock‐out line (GLB2−/−), polarization of PIN1 proteins and auxin maxima occurred at the base of the cotyledons of the zygotic explants, which are the sites of embryogenic tissue formation. These changes were also accompanied by a transcriptional upregulation of WUSCHEL (WUS) and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK1), which are markers of embryogenic competence. The increased auxin levels in the GLB2−/− line were ascribed to the induction of several key enzymes of the tryptophan and IAA biosynthetic pathways, including ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE (α subunit; ASA1), CYTOCHROME P79B2 (CYP79B2) and AMIDASE1 (AMI1). The effects of GLB2 suppression on somatic embryogenesis and IAA synthesis are mediated by increasing levels of nitric oxide (NO) within the embryogenic cells, which repress the expression of the transcription factor MYC2, a well‐characterized repressor of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. A model is proposed in which the suppression of GLB2 reduces the degree of NO scavenging by oxyhemoglobin, thereby increasing the cellular NO concentration. The increased levels of NO repress the expression of MYC2, relieving the inhibition of IAA synthesis and increasing cellular IAA, which is the inductive signal promoting embryogenic competence. Besides providing a model for the induction phase of embryogenesis in vitro, these studies propose previously undescribed functions for plant hemoglobins.
Sports injury prevention in your pocket?! Prevention apps assessed against the available scientific evidence: a review
Authors: van Mechelen Daan M , van Mechelen Willem , Verhagen Evert A L M 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundHigh costs and personal burden follow sports and physical activity-related injuries (SPRI). The last decades’ knowledge on how to prevent SPRIs has grown. Past years’ eHealth is emerging and mobile applications (apps) helping to prevent SPRIs are appearing.AimTo review the content of iPhone and iPad apps containing a claim to prevent sports and physical activity-related injuries and to appraise this claim against best available scientific evidence.MethodsThe US iTunes App Store was searched using the keywords ‘injury’, ‘prevention’ and ‘rehabilitation’. Apps within the categories ‘health & fitness’, ‘sports’ and ‘medical’ containing a preventive claim in the app name, description or screenshots were included. Claims were extracted and a search for best available evidence was performed.ResultsEighteen apps met our inclusion criteria. Four of these apps contained claims for which evidence was available: three apps covered ankle sprains and provided information on taping or neuromuscular training. Of these three apps, one app also provided information on prevention of dental injury with mouth guards. One app provided a routine to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury. The main focus of the five apps was running injury prevention; for their content evidence of absence of efficacy was found. For nine apps no evidence supporting their content was found.Conclusionsf 18 apps included, only four contained claims that could be supported by available literature and five apps contained false claims. This lack of scientifically sound apps provides an opportunity for caretakers to develop apps with evidence-based claims to prevent SPRIs.
Spectrum of novel mutations found in Waardenburg syndrome types 1 and 2: implications for molecular genetic diagnostics
Authors: Wildhardt Gabriele , Zirn Birgit , Graul-Neumann Luitgard M , Wechtenbruch Juliane , Suckfüll Markus , Buske Annegret , Bohring Axel , Kubisch Christian , Vogt Stefanie , Strobl-Wildemann Gertrud , Greally Marie , Bartsch Oliver , Steinberger Daniela 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTill date, mutations in the genesPAX3andMITFhave been described in Waardenburg syndrome (WS), which is clinically characterised by congenital hearing loss and pigmentation anomalies. Our study intended to determine the frequency of mutations and deletions in these genes, to assess the clinical phenotype in detail and to identify rational priorities for molecular genetic diagnostics procedures.DesignProspective analysis.Patients19 Caucasian patients with typical features of WS underwent stepwise investigation ofPAX3andMITF. When point mutations and small insertions/deletions were excluded by direct sequencing, copy number analysis by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed to detect larger deletions and duplications. Clinical data and photographs were collected to facilitate genotype–phenotype analyses.SettingAll analyses were performed in a large German laboratory specialised in genetic diagnostics.Results15 novel and 4 previously published heterozygous mutations inPAX3andMITFwere identified. Of these, six were large deletions or duplications that were only detectable by copy number analysis. All patients withPAX3mutations had typical phenotype of WS with dystopia canthorum (WS1), whereas patients withMITFgene mutations presented without dystopia canthorum (WS2). In addition, one patient with bilateral hearing loss and blue eyes with iris stroma dysplasia had a de novo missense mutation (p.Arg217Ile) inMITF.MITF3-bp deletions at amino acid position 217 have previously been described in patients with Tietz syndrome (TS), a clinical entity with hearing loss and generalised hypopigmentation.ConclusionsOn the basis of these findings, we conclude that sequencing and copy number analysis of bothPAX3andMITFhave to be recommended in the routine molecular diagnostic setting for patients, WS1 and WS2. Furthermore, our genotype–phenotype analyses indicate that WS2 and TS correspond to a clinical spectrum that is influenced byMITFmutation type and position.
A nationally representative survey of healthcare provider counselling and provision of the female condom in South Africa and Zimbabwe
Authors: Holt Kelsey , Blanchard Kelly , Chipato Tsungai , Nhemachena Taazadza , Blum Maya , Stratton Laura , Morar Neetha , Ramjee Gita , Harper Cynthia C 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesFemale condoms are the only female-initiated HIV and pregnancy prevention technology currently available. We examined female condom counselling and provision among providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe, high HIV-prevalence countries.DesignA cross-sectional study using a nationally representative survey.SettingAll facilities that provide family planning or HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) services.ParticipantsNational probability sample of 1444 nurses and physicians who provide family planning or HIV/STI services.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFemale condom practices with different female patients, including adolescents, married women, women using hormonal contraception and by HIV status. Using multivariable logistic analysis, we measured variations in condom counselling by provider characteristics.ResultsMost providers reported offering female condoms (88%; 1239/1415), but perceived a need for novel female barrier methods for HIV/STI prevention (85%; 1191/1396). By patient type, providers reported less frequent female condom counselling of adolescents (55%; 775/1411), women using hormonal contraception (65%; 909/1409) and married women (66%; 931/1416), compared to unmarried (74%; 1043/1414) or HIV-positive women (82%; 1161/1415). Multivariable results showed providers in South Africa were less likely to counsel women on female condoms than in Zimbabwe (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.68, p≤0.001). However, South African providers were more likely to counsel women on male condoms (OR=2.39, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.65, p≤0.001). Nurses counselled patients on female condoms more frequently than physicians (OR=5.41, 95% CI 3.26 to 8.98, p≤0.001). HIV training, family planning training, location (urban vs rural) and facility type (hospital vs clinic) were not associated with greater condom counselling.ConclusionsFemale condoms were integrated into provider counselling and care, although providers reported a need for new female-initiated multipurpose prevention technologies, suggesting female condoms do not meet all patient/provider needs or are not adequately well known or accessible. Providers should be included in HIV training efforts to raise awareness of new and existing products, and encouraged to educate all women.
Differences between self-reported and verified adverse cardiovascular events in a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Bolland Mark J , Barber Alan , Doughty Robert N , Grey Andrew , Gamble Greg , Reid Ian R 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesIn clinical trials, adverse events are usually self-reported but may be adjudicated if serious or of particular interest. After adjudicating cardiovascular events for a 5-year calcium supplement trial, we observed discrepancies between self-reported and verified events. We systematically analysed those differences to assess their importance.DesignSecondary analysis of adverse cardiovascular events in a 5-year, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of calcium supplementation (1 g calcium daily) in 1471 postmenopausal women (mean age 74 years).SettingClinical research centre.MethodsThe participant's medical records were reviewed for all self-reported myocardial infarctions (MIs) or strokes, and the event independently adjudicated. Cause of death was obtained from hospital records or death certificates. To identify unreported events, the national hospital discharge database was searched and related hospital records were reviewed.Results45 women reported 64 MIs, of which 33 (52%) were verified after adjudication. An additional 25 MIs were identified: 1 during adjudication of other events, 21 from the hospital discharge database, 3 from death certificates. 68 women reported 86 strokes of which 50 (58%) were verified. An additional 13 strokes were identified: 7 during adjudication of reported transient ischaemic attacks, 5 from the hospital discharge database, 1 from death certificates. Therefore, 43% of verified MIs and 21% of verified strokes were not reported to investigators. For non-adjudicated discharge codes, 10% of MIs and 22% of strokes were not verified after adjudication. Nineteen per cent of verified MIs and 27% of verified strokes were not identified in discharge coding or death certificates. Neither the event source nor the level of adjudication altered the relationship between treatment allocation and cardiovascular events.ConclusionsWhen adverse event accuracy is critical, researchers should consider adjudicating self-reported events and hospital discharge codes, and attempt to identify unreported events.Trial registrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials registry: ACTRN 012605000242628.
Hay Fever and Asthma as Markers of Atopic Immune Response and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Three Large Cohort Studies
Authors: Jacobs Eric J. , Gapstur Susan M. , Newton Christina C. , Turner Michelle C. , Campbell Peter T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground: In a previous analysis of 12 cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort including follow-up from 1982–2000, having both hay fever and asthma was associated with lower colorectal cancer mortality. The combination of these allergic conditions may be a marker for allergy-related immune responses that could inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis.Methods: We examined the association of having both hay fever and asthma with colorectal cancer mortality among 1,023,191 participants in CPS-I, followed from 1959–1972, and 1,102,092 participants in CPS-II, now followed from 1982–2008. We also examined associations with colorectal cancer incidence among 174,917 participants in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a subgroup of CPS-II followed from 1992–2007. During the follow-up, there were 5,644 colorectal cancer deaths in CPS-I, 13,558 colorectal cancer deaths in CPS-II, and 3,365 incident colorectal cancer cases in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: RRs for colorectal cancer mortality associated with having both asthma and hay fever, compared with neither condition, were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.74–1.09) in CPS-I, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69–0.91) in CPS-II, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74–0.92) when results from both cohorts were combined in a meta-analysis. The corresponding RR for colorectal cancer incidence in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.71–1.14).Conclusion: These results support an association between having both hay fever and asthma and modestly lower colorectal cancer mortality.Impact: Research examining other potential markers of allergy-related immune response in relation to colorectal cancer is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 661–9. ©2013 AACR.
Life history and production of pelagic mysids and decapods in the Oyashio region, Japan
Authors: Chikugo Kana , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Matsuno Kohei , Saito Rui , Imai Ichiro 
Published: March 2013

Pelagic Mysidacea and Decapoda have important roles in marine ecosystems. However, information on their life histories is extremely limited. This study aimed to evaluate the life cycles of pelagic Mysidacea and Decapoda in the Oyashio region, Japan. Production of the four dominant species was estimated by combining body mass (DM) data and abundance data. Mysidacea belonging to 5 species from 5 genera occurred in the study area. Their abundance and biomass ranged between 11.7-50.1 ind. m−2 and 1.2-7.9 g wet mass (WM) m−2, respectively. Six species from 6 genera belonged to Decapoda, and their abundance and biomass ranged between 9.0-17.3 ind. m−2 and 3.0-17.3 g WM m−2, respectively. Based on body length histograms, there were two to four cohorts for the three dominant mysids and one dominant decapod on each sampling date. Life histories of the two numerically dominant mysids (Eucopia australis and Boreomysis californica) followed similar patterns: recruitment of young in May, strong growth from April to June, and a longevity of three years. Life cycles of the two minor species (the mysid Meterythrops microphthalma and the decapod Hymenodora frontalis) were not clear because of their low abundance. The timing of recruitment of the young and the strong juvenile growth for the two dominant mysids corresponds with the season when their prey is abundant. The annual production of the dominant mysid species was 14.0 mg DM m−2 (B. californica) and 191.8 mg DM m−2 (E. australis). Annual production/biomass () ratios ranged between 0.242 (H. frontalis) and 0.643 (M. microphthalma). Compared with other regions, the Oyashio region showed high production and low ratios. The high production in the Oyashio region may be related to the high biomass of these species. Because of the low temperature conditions (3°C), pelagic mysids and decapods in the Oyashio region may have slower growth, longer generation times and lower ratios than in other oceans.
Moving Beyond Rights-Based Management: A Transparent Approach to Distributing the Conservation Burden and Benefit in Tuna Fisheries
Authors: Hanich Quentin , Ota Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Determining the distribution of the conservation burden and benefit is a critical challenge to the conservation and management of trans-boundary fish stocks. Given current levels of overfishing and overcapacity in many trans-boundary fisheries, some or all participating States must necessarily reach a compromise with regard to their interests and carry some share of the conservation burden. This article proposes a new approach to distributing the conservation burden and benefit in trans-boundary fisheries, and explores this approach in the world’s largest tuna fishery: the tropical tuna fisheries of the western and central Pacific. Such an approach would enable Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) to transparently ensure that conservation burden and benefit distributions are consistent with international obligations. The article recommends that RFMOs consider developing decision-making frameworks that would enable existing scientific processes to determine the necessary extent of conservation measures, while a new conservation burden methodology would then determine the implementation of the measure and its impact on each member.