Abstract 3632: Synergistic interaction of auranofin with PARP inhibitors in ATM-proficient mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Ganguly Siddhartha , Home Trisha , Gunewardena Sumedha , Weir Scott , McGuirk Joseph , Rao Rekha M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Auranofin (AF) (Ridaura®) is an oral, FDA-approved, lipophilic, gold-containing compound that was used for treating arthritis. Its primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TRR) activity. It consequently induces oxidative/ER stress and also inhibits Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 chaperone function. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR), Brca1, Chk1 and DNA-PK are Hsp90 client proteins that participate in DNA repair pathways. Based on our observation that AF induces DNA damage, we evaluated whether treatment with AF also impairs Hsp90-dependent DNA damage repair pathways in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cells. It has been reported that ATM mutations are found in about 50% cases of MCL. Earlier studies have shown that ATM mutant MCL cells are more sensitive to poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that by inhibiting Hsp90-dependent DNA repair pathways (such as the ATR pathway), AF would sensitize ATM-proficient MCL cells to PARP inhibition by ABT-888. We demonstrate that treatment of ATM-proficient MCL cell lines, JeKo-1, MO2058 and Z138C with AF induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and resulted in a concomitant decrease in TRR activity. Microarray analysis of AF-treated primary MCL cells revealed that AF significantly altered heat shock response genes, ER and oxidative stress-inducible genes and a subset of genes that were regulated by ATM or Brca1. Treatment with AF also induced Hsp90 hyperacetylation and resulted in the depletion of Hsp90 client proteins including ATR, AKT and Cyclin D1 in MCL cells. Exposure to AF induced significantly more apoptosis in primary MCL cells, as compared to CD19+ normal B cells, CD34+ human cord blood and bone marrow progenitor cells (&lt; 15% apoptosis) (p &lt; 0.01). Co-treatment of MCL cells with AF and the PARP inhibitor ABT-888 resulted in synergistic increase in apoptosis of ATM-proficient MCL cells, with an increase in the induction of γH2AX foci and depletion of p-Chk1 (a downstream target of ATR signaling). This was accompanied with a concomitant increase in the levels of the ER stress-induced transcription factor CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), cleaved Caspase 3 and PARP. Collectively, our data suggests the synthetic lethal effects observed by the simultaneous inhibition of DNA repair pathway(s) and PARP activity can be extended to ATM-proficient MCL cells. These pre-clinical studies create a strong rationale to determine the in vivo activity of the combination ABT-888 with AF in MCL.
Citation Format: Siddhartha Ganguly, Trisha Home, Sumedha Gunewardena, Scott Weir, Joseph McGuirk, Rekha M. Rao. Synergistic interaction of auranofin with PARP inhibitors in ATM-proficient mantle cell lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3632. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3632