bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollinator response to livestock grazing: implications for rangeland conservation in sagebrush ecosystems
Authors: Goosey Hayes B , Blanchette Gabrielle E , Naugle David E 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWorld food supplies rely on pollination, making this plant–animal relationship a highly valued ecosystem service. Bees pollinate flowering plants in rangelands that constitute up to half of global terrestrial vegetation. Livestock grazing is the most widespread rangeland use and can affect insect pollinators through herbivory. We examined management effects on bee abundance and other insect pollinators on grazed and idle sagebrush rangelands in central Montana, USA. From 2016 to 2018, we sampled pollinators on lands enrolled in rest-rotation grazing, unenrolled grazing lands, and geographically separate idle lands without grazing for over a decade. Bare ground covered twice as much area (15% vs. 7) with half the litter (12% vs. 24) on grazed than idle regardless of enrollment. Bee pollinators were 2–3 times more prevalent in grazed than idle in 2016–2017. In 2018, bees were similar among grazed and idled during an unseasonably wet and cool summer that depressed pollinator catches; captures of secondary pollinators was similar among treatments 2 of 3 study years. Ground-nesting bees (94.6% of total bee abundance) were driven by periodic grazing that maintained bare ground and kept litter accumulations in check. In contrast, idle provided fewer nesting opportunities for bees that were mostly solitary, ground-nesting genera requiring unvegetated spaces for reproduction. Managed lands supported higher bee abundance that evolved with bison grazing on the eastern edge of the sagebrush ecosystem. Our findings suggest that periodic disturbance may enhance pollinator habitat, and that rangelands may benefit from periodic grazing by livestock.
The emerging role of cysteine-rich peptides in pollen–pistil interactions
Authors: Xue Jiao , Du Qian , Yang Fangfang , Chen Li-Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unlike early land plants, flowering plants have evolved a pollen tube that transports a pair of non-motile sperm cells to the female gametophyte. This process, known as siphonogamy, was first observed in gymnosperms and later became prevalent in angiosperms. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the male–female interactions remain enigmatic. From the landing of the pollen grain on the stigma to gamete fusion, the male part needs to pass various tests: how does the stigma distinguish between compatible and incompatible pollen? what mechanisms guide the pollen tube towards the ovule? what factors trigger pollen tube rupture? how is polyspermy prevented? and how does the sperm cell ultimately reach the egg? Successful male–female communication is essential for surmounting these challenges, with cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) playing a pivotal role in this dialogue. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of four distinct classes of CRPs, systematically review recent progress in the role of CRPs in four crucial stages of pollination and fertilization, consider potential applications of this knowledge in crop breeding, and conclude by suggesting avenues for future research.
Dihydropyrimidinase enzyme deficiency and congenital isolated adrenocorticotrophin deficiency: dual genetic diagnosis in a Sri Lankan boy
Authors: Mohideen Shifaniya Banu , Fernando Pitipanage Mihika Samindi , Beetz Christian , Schroder Sabine , Pereira Catarina , Gunatilleke Senaka , Rathnayake Pyara , Jasinge Eresha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report on a male patient who was investigated for frequent apneic episodes, feeding problems, hypotonia, and left-sided middle cerebral artery infarction in the magnetic resonance imaging at 2 weeks of age. Primary diagnosis of dihydropyrimidinase (DPYS) deficiency was suspected following the analysis of urine for organic acid; DPYS deficiency was strongly suggested by the presence of dihydrouracil, thymine, and uracil. Subsequent genetic evaluation by whole exome sequencing revealed 2 separate mutations, homozygous pathogenic variant c.1010T&gt;C p.Leu337Pro of the DPYS gene, resulting in DPYS deficiency, and homozygous pathogenic variant c.535C&gt;T p.Arg179* of TBX19 gene, which is associated with autosomal recessive congenital isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency. Currently, the patient is 2 years old, and he has gross motor retardation and seizure disorder. We suggest that the clinical phenotype of the proband can be a result of mixed expression of both mutations.
Beyond the Rotational Deathline: Radio Emission from Ultra-long Period Magnetars
Authors: Cooper A J , Wadiasingh Z 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Motivated by the recent detection of ultralong-period radio transients, we investigate new models of coherent radio emission via low-altitude electron–positron pair production in neutron stars (NSs) beyond rotationally powered curvature radiation deathlines. We find that plastic motion (akin to ‘continental drift’) and qualitatively similar thermoelectric action by temperature gradients in the crusts of slowly rotating, highly magnetized NSs could impart mild local magnetospheric twists. Regardless of which mechanism drives twists, we find that particle acceleration initiates pair cascades across charge-starved gaps above a mild critical twist. Cascades are initiated via resonant inverse-Compton scattered photons or curvature radiation, and may produce broad-band coherent radio emission. We compute the pair luminosity (maximum allowed radio luminosity) for these two channels, and derive deathlines and ‘active zones’ in $P-\dot{P}$ space from a variety of considerations. We find these twist-initiated pair cascades only occur for magnetar-like field strengths $B \gtrsim 10^{14}$ G and long periods: $P_{\rm RICS} \gtrsim 120 \,\, (T/10^{6.5} {\rm K})^{-5} \, {\rm s}$ and $P_{\rm curv} \gtrsim 150 \,\, ({\rm v_{\rm pl}}/10^{3} {\, \rm cm \, yr^{-1}})^{-7/6} \, {\rm s}$. Using a simplified geometric model, we find that plastic motion or thermoelectrically driven twists might naturally reproduce the observed luminosities, time-scales, and timing signatures. We further derive ‘active zones’ in which rotationally powered pair creation occurs via resonantly scattered photons, beyond standard curvature deathlines for pulsars. All cascades are generically accompanied by simultaneous (non-)thermal X-ray/UV counterparts which might be detectable with current instrumentation.
Relationship between microwave and metre ranges during an impulsive solar flare
Authors: Shamsutdinova J N , Kashapova L K , Zhang J , Reid H , Zhdanov D A 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
An analysis of solar flares with simple temporal structures can help us to understand the features and mechanisms of energy and particle propagation. A weak impulsive solar flare that occurred on 2021 June 3 provided such opportunity. For the purposes of the study, we used microwave observations with spatial resolution from the Siberian Radioheliograph (3–6 GHz) combined with various spectral radio and X-ray data. Flare topology analysis revealed a configuration consisting of a small loop or dome-like structure associated with a compact bright source, and a long high loop system associated with the diffuse source. This indicates a compact and relatively low-lying site of acceleration and initial energy release. The radio metre and the microwave emission demonstrated a peak-to-peak correlation in three of the four bursts. The delays obtained from comparing microwave and metre radio ranges are in good agreement with the delays from the metre dynamic spectrum analysis, but the different radio bursts had different delays. We found that the electron energies derived from metre dynamic spectrum analysis are lower than those shown by hard X-ray emissions. According to the results of theoretical simulations, this can be explained by the expansion of magnetic loops with altitude. The difference in drift velocities for various radio bursts can be the result of the different size of the loop where the electron beams are propagated. This can be a feature related to the configuration type of the studied flare.
Magnesium isotope ratios in Milky Way and dwarf galaxy stars
Authors: McKenzie M , Monty S , Yong D , Kobayashi C , Karakas A I , Nissen P E , Norris J E , Rains A , Mura-Guzmán A , Wang E X , Martell S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Under the assumption of hierarchical galaxy formation, dwarf galaxies are the closest existing analogues to the high-redshift protogalaxies that merged to form the Milky Way. These low-mass systems serve as unique laboratories for studying nucleosynthetic channels given that the chemical compositions of their stars play a pivotal role in constraining their chemical enrichment history. To date, stellar abundances in dwarf galaxies have focused almost exclusively on elemental abundance ratios. While important, elemental abundances omit critical information about the isotopic composition. Here, we compute the Mg isotopic ratios of six accreted dwarf galaxy stars (low $\alpha$) and seven Milky Way stars (high $\alpha$) using a set of high-resolution (65 000 &lt; R &lt; 160 000) and high signal-to-noise ratio ($\rm {S/N} \gt 250$) optical spectra. We show, for the first time, that at a given [Fe/H] stars born in a dwarf galaxy differ in their Mg isotopic ratios from stars born in the Milky Way. However, when comparing isotopic ratios at a given [Mg/H] rather than [Fe/H], a powerful diagnostic emerges that suggests nucleosynthesis processes are consistent across different stellar environments. This universality of Mg isotopic abundances provides additional dimensionality for chemical evolution models and helps to constrain massive star nucleosynthesis across cosmic time.
SegVir: Reconstruction of Complete Segmented RNA Viral Genomes from Metatranscriptomes
Authors: Tang Xubo , Shang Jiayu , Chen Guowei , Chan Kei Hang Katie , Shi Mang , Sun Yanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Segmented RNA viruses are a complex group of RNA viruses with multisegment genomes. Reconstructing complete segmented viruses is crucial for advancing our understanding of viral diversity, evolution, and public health impact. Using metatranscriptomic data to identify known and novel segmented viruses has sped up the survey of segmented viruses in various ecosystems. However, the high genetic diversity and the difficulty in binning complete segmented genomes present significant challenges in segmented virus reconstruction. Current virus detection tools are primarily used to identify nonsegmented viral genomes. This study presents SegVir, a novel tool designed to identify segmented RNA viruses and reconstruct their complete genomes from complex metatranscriptomes. SegVir leverages both close and remote homology searches to accurately detect conserved and divergent viral segments. Additionally, we introduce a new method that can evaluate the genome completeness and conservation based on gene content. Our evaluations on simulated datasets demonstrate SegVir’s superior sensitivity and precision compared to existing tools. Moreover, in experiments using real data, we identified some virus segments missing in the NCBI database, underscoring SegVir’s potential to enhance viral metagenome analysis. The source code and supporting data of SegVir are available via https://github.com/HubertTang/SegVir.
Possible usefulness of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in diagnosing polyarteritis nodosa: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yukishima Toshitaka , Ohmura Shin-ichiro , Yonezawa Haruka , Katayama Motoyuki , Otsuki Yoshiro , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Ogawa Noriyoshi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic rheumatic disease that affects medium-sized arteries. PAN is typically not associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and has no serological surrogate markers. Therefore, its diagnosis requires pathological findings. However, the positive rate of biopsy in diagnosing PAN is not high, and the biopsy area is often limited. Several investigators have reported the usefulness of imaging findings in diagnosing PAN, independent of pathological findings. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET)/CT has recently been approved for the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis in Japan. Several studies have also demonstrated the usefulness of FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing medium-vessel vasculitis. However, no studies have evaluated the usefulness of FDG-PET/CT for diagnosing PAN compared to other modalities, and it is not clear whether FDG-PET/CT is superior to other modalities for diagnosing PAN. Herein, we report a case of PAN and compare the usefulness of FDG-PET/CT with other modalities in diagnosing PAN.
DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of a replicative DNA helicase results in inhibition of DNA replication through attenuation of helicase function
Authors: Homiski Caleb , Dey-Rao Rama , Shen Shichen , Qu Jun , Melendy Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A major function of the DNA damage responses (DDRs) that act during the replicative phase of the cell cycle is to inhibit initiation and elongation of DNA replication. It has been shown that DNA replication of the polyomavirus, SV40, is inhibited and its replication fork is slowed by cellular DDR responses. The inhibition of SV40 DNA replication is associated with enhanced DDR kinase phosphorylation of SV40 Large T-antigen (LT), the viral DNA helicase. Mass spectroscopy was used to identify a novel highly conserved DDR kinase site, T518, on LT. In cell-based assays expression of a phosphomimetic form of LT at T518 (T518D) resulted in dramatically decreased levels of SV40 DNA replication, but LT-dependent transcriptional activation was unaffected. Purified WT and LT T518D were analyzed in vitro. In concordance with the cell-based data, reactions using SV40 LT-T518D, but not T518A, showed dramatic inhibition of SV40 DNA replication. A myriad of LT protein-protein interactions and LT’s biochemical functions were unaffected by the LT T518D mutation; however, LT’s DNA helicase activity was dramatically decreased on long, but not very short, DNA templates. These results suggest that DDR phosphorylation at T518 inhibits SV40 DNA replication by suppressing LT helicase activity.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pediatric and Adult Patients Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Comparison Across Age Strata
Authors: Li Grace X , Gopchandani Komal , Brazer Noah , Tippett Ashley , Choi Chris , Hsiao Hui-Mien , Oseguera Miriam , Foresythe Abiodun , Bhattacharya Sanchita , Servellita Venice , Sotomayor Gonzalez Alicia , Spinler Jennifer K , Gonzalez Mark D , Gulick Dalia , Kraft Colleen , Kasinathan Vyjayanti , Wang Yun F (Wayne) , Dien Bard Jennifer , Chen Pei Ying , Flores-Vazquez Jessica , Odom John Audrey R , Planet Paul J , Devaraj Sridevi , Annapragada Ananth V , Luna Ruth Ann , Chiu Charles Y , Rostad Christina A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause hospitalizations and severe disease in children and adults.

Methods
This study compared the risk factors, symptoms, and outcomes of children and adults hospitalized for COVID-19 from March 2020 to May 2023 across age strata at 5 US sites participating in the Predicting Viral-Associated Inflammatory Disease Severity in Children with Laboratory Diagnostics and Artificial Intelligence consortium. Eligible patients had an upper respiratory swab that tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by nucleic acid amplification. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of clinical outcomes were determined for children versus adults, for pediatric age strata compared to adolescents (12–17 years), and for adult age strata compared to young adults (22–49 years).

Results
Of 9101 patients in the Predicting Viral-Associated Inflammatory Disease Severity in Children with Laboratory Diagnostics and Artificial Intelligence cohort, 1560 were hospitalized for COVID-19 as the primary reason. Compared to adults (22–105 years, n = 675), children (0–21 years, n = 885) were less commonly vaccinated (14.3% vs 34.5%), more commonly infected with the Omicron variant (49.5% vs 26.1%) and had fewer comorbidities (P &lt; .001 for most comparisons), except for lung disease (P = .24). After adjusting for confounding variables, children had significantly lower odds of receiving supplemental oxygen (aOR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, .35–.92) and death (aOR, 0.011; 95% confidence interval, &lt;.01–.58) compa­­red to adults. Among pediatric age strata, adolescents 12–17 years had the highest odds of receiving supplemental oxygen, high-flow oxygen, and ICU admission. Among adults, those 50–64 years had the highest odds of mechanical ventilation and ICU admission.

Conclusions
Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 differed across pediatric and adult age strata. Adolescents experienced the most severe disease among children, whereas adults 50–64 years experienced the most severe disease among adults.
Opportunities for Enhanced Public Health Surveillance via Molecular Detection and Sequencing of Diverse Respiratory Viruses From Self-collected SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Swabs
Authors: Schmidt Kat , Pollett Simon D , Richard Stephanie A , Hogan Vivian , Hone Emily , Rothenberg Jennifer , Tant Rezalina , Wayman Michele , Friend Chantele , Thapa Kamala , Ulomi Lola , Davies Julian , Michel Amber , Burgess Timothy H , O’Connell Robert J , Simons Mark P , Tilley Drake H , Fries Anthony C , Colombo Rhonda E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We sequenced and genotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, among other pathogens, from residual anterior nasal swabs self-collected for rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing at the US Naval Academy. This is a key proof-of-concept for an acute respiratory infection surveillance approach, which could leverage prevalent SARS-CoV-2 antigen self-testing.
Unique brain injury patterns after proton vs photon radiotherapy for WHO grade 2-3 gliomas
Authors: Winter Sebastian F , Gardner Melissa M , Karschnia Philipp , Vaios Eugene J , Grassberger Clemens , Bussière Marc R , Nikolic Katarina , Pongpitakmetha Thanakit , Ehret Felix , Kaul David , Boehmerle Wolfgang , Endres Matthias , Shih Helen A , Parsons Michael W , Dietrich Jorg 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Central nervous system (CNS) injury following brain-directed radiotherapy remains a major challenge. Proton radiotherapy (PRT) minimizes radiation to healthy brain, potentially limiting sequelae. We characterized CNS radiotoxicity, including radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy (RIL), brain tissue necrosis (TN), and cerebral microbleeds (CMB), in glioma patients treated with PRT or photons (XRT).

Patients and Methods
Thirty-four patients (19 male; median age 39.6 years) with WHO grade 2-3 gliomas treated with partial cranial radiotherapy (XRT [n = 17] vs PRT[n = 17]) were identified and matched by demographic/clinical criteria. Radiotoxicity was assessed longitudinally for 3 years post-radiotherapy via serial analysis of T2/FLAIR- (for RIL), contrast-enhanced T1- (for TN), and susceptibility (for CMB)-weighted MRI sequences. RIL was rated at whole-brain and hemispheric levels using a novel Fazekas scale-informed scoring system.

Results
The scoring system proved reliable (ICC &gt; 0.85). Both groups developed moderate-to-severe RIL (62%[XRT]; 71%[PRT]) within 3 years; however, XRT was associated with persistent RIL increases in the contralesional hemisphere, whereas contralesional hemispheric RIL plateaued with PRT at 1-year post-radiotherapy (t = 2.180; P = .037). TN rates were greater with PRT (6%[XRT] vs 18%[PRT]; P = ns). CMB prevalence (76%[XRT]; 71%[PRT]) and burden (mean #CMB: 4.0[XRT]; 4.2[PRT]) were similar; however, XRT correlated with greater contralesional hemispheric CMB burden (27%[XRT]; 17%[PRT]; X2 = 4.986; P = .026), whereas PRT-specific CMB clustered at the radiation field margin (X2 = 14.7; P = .002).

Conclusions
CNS radiotoxicity is common and progressive in glioma patients. Injury patterns suggest radiation modality-specificity as RIL, TN, and CMB exhibit unique spatiotemporal differences following XRT vs PRT, likely reflecting underlying dosimetric and radiobiological differences. Familiarity with such injury patterns is essential to improve patient management. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and assess their impacts on neurocognitive function.
A one-way ticket: Wheat roots do not functionally refill xylem emboli following rehydration
Authors: Harrison Day Beatrice L , Johnson Kate M , Tonet Vanessa , Bourbia Ibrahim , Blackman Chris J , Brodribb Timothy J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding xylem embolism spread in roots is essential for predicting the loss of function across root systems during drought. However, the lasting relevance of root embolism to plant recovery depends on whether roots can refill xylem emboli and resume function after rehydration. Using MicroCT and optical and dye staining methods, we investigated embolism repair in rehydrated intact roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Krichauff’) exposed to a severe water deficit of −3.5 MPa, known to cause approximately 30% total root network embolism in this species. Air emboli in the xylem vessels of intact roots remained clearly observable using MicroCT after overnight rehydration. This result was verified by xylem staining of the root system and optical quantification of emboli, both of which indicated a lack of functional root xylem recovery 60 h following soil re-saturation. The absence of root xylem refilling in wheat has substantial implications for how we understand plant recovery after drought. Our findings suggest that xylem embolism causes irreversible damage to the soil–root hydraulic connection in affected parts of the root network.
Understanding policy integration through an integrative capacity framework
Authors: Vince Joanna , Fudge Maree , Fullbrook Liam , Haward Marcus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An important aspect of policy integration is the need for policymakers to establish integrative capacity. However, very few scholars who refer to this concept have explained what integrative capacity is and what aspects of the policy process policymakers need to focus on to establish that capacity. In this paper, we define integrative capacity and introduce an “integrative capacity framework” that outlines key components required by public agencies to progress policy integration. Drawing on existing literature, we apply three dimensions of policy—the policy process, program, and politics—to identify where integrative capacity can occur. Within those dimensions, we identify four conditions that can impact integration: coordination and coherence; accountability, transparency, and legitimacy; resourcing and adequate institutional architecture. We argue that by unpacking the integrative capacity concept, scholars and policymakers can utilize the framework to identify what elements of the policy process need to be addressed to increase the likelihood of integrative policy success.