bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crosslinked epoxy microspheres: Preparation, surface‐initiated polymerization, and use as macroporous silica porogen
Authors: Yu Xiangping , Zhang Chongyin , Ni Yong , Zheng Sixun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this article, we report the preparation of crosslinked epoxy microspheres with diameters of 5–10 μm prepared via phase‐inverted phase separation induced by polymerization in the thermosetting blend of epoxy and poly(ε‐caprolactone). The surfaces of the epoxy microspheres were functionalized to bear 2‐bromopropionyl groups, which were further used as initiators to obtain poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) grafted epoxy microspheres via the surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization approach. The PGMA‐grafted epoxy microspheres were then employed to react with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (APTMS) to obtain the functionalized epoxy microspheres, the surface of which contained a great number of trimethoxysilane groups. A co‐sol–gel process between the APTMS‐functionalized epoxy microspheres and tetraethoxysilane was performed, and organic–inorganic glassy solids were obtained. The organic–inorganic glasses were used as precursors for accessing macroporous silica materials via pyrolysis at elevated temperatures. The hierarchical porosity of the resulting macroporous silica was investigated by means of field emission scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, and surface‐area Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements. We found that the macroporous silica possessed BET surface areas in the range 183.9–235.2 m2/g, depending on the compositions of their precursors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Pharmacokinetic interactions among major bioactive components in Radix Scutellariae via metabolic competition
Authors: Li Chen‐Rui , Zhang Li , Wo Siu‐Kwan , Zhou Li‐Min , Lin Ge , Zuo Zhong 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBaicalein (B), wogonin (W) and oroxylin A (OA) are major components in Radix Scutellariae with similar pharmacokinetic properties. Due to the co‐presence of these three flavones in herbal formulations for Radix Scutellariae, they are likely consumed together. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the pharmacokinetics of individual flavones is influenced by each other and the underlying mechanism of the interaction. Various systems were utilized in the current study including a rat in vivo study, a Caco‐2 cell monolayer model and a rat in situ single‐pass intestinal perfusion as well as in vitro enzymatic kinetics studies. The B, W and OA given singly as well as in a mixture were administered and the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared. After co‐administration of the three flavones to rats, OA absorption increased significantly in comparison with when OA was administered alone. Mechanistic studies on the Caco‐2 cell monolayer and rat in situ single‐pass intestinal perfusion models revealed that co‐administration of B, W and OA could significantly enhance their absorption and decrease the extent of phase II metabolism. Further in vitro enzymatic study and a transport study in transfected MDCK cells revealed that metabolic competition rather than membrane transporters might contribute to the pharmacokinetic interactions. The co‐presence of multiple active components would result in metabolic interactions, which may induce further changes in pharmacodynamics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Phosphine–Diolefin‐Promoted Copper‐Catalysed N‐Arylation of Pyrazoles with (Hetero)aromatic Bromides: The Case of Chloroarenes Revisited
Authors: Rampazzi Vincent , Massard Alexandre , Richard Philippe , Picquet Michel , Le Gendre Pierre , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA molecularly defined new phosphine–diolefin cubane copper pre‐catalyst used at 1.25 mol % under mild conditions promotes the coupling of pyrazoles to functionalised aryl and heteroaryl bromides, which hold a variety of functional groups. This versatile phosphorus‐based system was thus successfully used, under identical conditions, for the coupling of a large scope of heteroaromatics to selectively produce pyridinyl‐ and pyrimidinyl‐pyrazoles, as well as several novel furyl‐, thienyl‐ and thiazolyl‐substituted pyrazoles. The careful investigation of coupling with the analogous aryl and heteroaryl chlorides clearly indicated that for specifically activated chloroarenes a direct nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is easily achieved in the absence of any copper and ligand. These results are pertinent with regards to the reported protocols in which copper–ligand systems have been claimed as useful for coupling activated chloroarenes.
Efficient NIR‐Light Emission from Solid‐State Complexes of Boron Difluoride with 2′‐Hydroxychalcone Derivatives
Authors: D'Aléo Anthony , Gachet David , Heresanu Vasile , Giorgi Michel , Fages Frédéric 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article describes a series of nine complexes of boron difluoride with 2′‐hydroxychacone derivatives. These dyes were synthesized very simply and exhibited intense NIR emission in the solid state. Complexation with boron was shown to impart very strong donor–acceptor character into the excited state of these dyes, which further shifted their emission towards the NIR region (up to 855 nm for dye 5 b, which contained the strongly donating triphenylamine group). Strikingly, these optical features were obtained for crystalline solids, which are characterized by high molecular order and tight packing, two features that are conventionally believed to be detrimental to luminescence in organic crystals. Remarkably, the emission of light from the π‐stacked molecules did not occur at the expense of the emission quantum yield. Indeed, in the case of pyrene‐containing dye 4, for example, a fluorescence quantum yield of about 15 % with a fluorescence emission maximum at 755 nm were obtained in the solid state. Moreover, dye 3 a and acetonaphthone‐based compounds 1 b, 2 b, and 3 b showed no evidence of degradation as solutions in CH2Cl2 that contained EtOH. In particular, solutions of brightly fluorescent compound 3 a (brightness: ε×Φf=45 000 M−1 cm−1) could be stored for long periods without any detectable changes in its optical properties. All together, these new dyes possess a set of very interesting properties that make them promising solid‐state NIR fluorophores for applications in materials science.
A Soft Copper(II) Porous Coordination Polymer with Unprecedented Aqua Bridge and Selective Adsorption Properties
Authors: Quartapelle Procopio Elsa , Fukushima Tomohiro , Barea Elisa , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Horike Satoshi , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHerein, the synthesis, crystal structure, and full characterization of a new soft porous coordination polymer (PCP) of ([Cu2(dmcapz)2(OH2)]DMF1.5)n (1) formulation, which is easily obtained in the reaction of CuX2 (X=Cl, NO3) salts with 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐carboxypyrazole (H2dmcapz) is present. Compound 1 shows a copper(II) dinuclear secondary building unit (SBU), which is supported by two pyrazolate bridges and an unprecedented H2O bridge. The dinuclear SBUs are further bridged by the carboxylate ligands to build a diamondoid porous network. The structural transformations taking place in 1 framework upon guest removal/uptake has been studied in detail. Indeed, the removal of the bridging water molecules gives rise to a metastable evacuated phase (1 b) that transforms into an extremely stable porous material (1 c) after freezing at liquid‐nitrogen temperature. The soaking of 1 c into water allows the complete and instantaneous recover of the water‐exchanged material (1 a′). Remarkably, 1 b and 1 c materials possess structural bistability, which results in the switchable adsorptive functions. Therefore, the gas‐adsorption properties of both materials have been studied by means of single‐component gas adsorption isotherms as well as by variable‐temperature pulse‐gas chromatography. Both materials present permanent porosity and selective gas‐adsorption properties towards a variety of gases and vapors of environmental and industrial interest. Moreover, the flexible nature of the coordination network and the presence of highly active convergent open metal sites confer on these materials intriguing gas‐adsorption properties with guest‐triggered framework‐breathing phenomena being observed. The plasticity of CuII metal center and its ability to form stable complexes with different coordination numbers is at the origin of the structural transformations and the selective‐adsorption properties of the studied materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbamoylacetates from α‐Iodoacetate, CO, and Amines under Pd/Light Combined Conditions.
Authors: Sumino Shuhei , Fusano Akira , Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe optimized conditions produce the desired target compounds as key intermediates for biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds.
Polymorphism M55V in gene encoding small ubiquitin‐like modifier 4 (SUMO4) protein associates with susceptibility to type 1 (and type 2) diabetes
Authors: Tang Song‐tao , Peng Wen‐jia , Wang Chang‐jiang , Tang Hai‐qin , Zhang Qiu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe association between small ubiquitin‐like modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been investigated in several studies. We conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association of SUMO4 gene polymorphism with T1DM and T2DM susceptibility.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed on the published studies before August 2011. The association of SUMO4 M55V polymorphism with T1DM and T2DM was evaluated. Meta‐analysis was performed for genotypes AA versus GG, AA versus AG, AA versus AG + GG and A allele versus G allele in a fixed/random effect model. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association.ResultsSixteen case–control studies including 9190 cases and 10 456 healthy controls were included. T1DM patients were divided into Asian and Caucasian subgroup. We detected a significant association of SUMO4 M55V polymorphism with T1DM in Asian population (A versus G: OR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.72–0.86, p = 0.000) and a significant association of SUMO4 M55V polymorphism with T1DM in Caucasian population (A versus G: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.73–0.97, p = 0.007). Included T2DM patients were all Asian. Meanwhile, a significant association of SUMO4 M55V polymorphism with T2DM was also found (A versus G: OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.79–0.94, p = 0.001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates significant associations of SUMO4 M55V polymorphism with T1DM in Asian and Caucasian population and with T2DM in Asian population. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols Using an Iron(III)/Phenanthroline Complex: Structural Studies and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Biswas Bhaskar , Al‐Hunaiti Afnan , Räisänen Minna T. , Ansaloni Simone , Leskelä Markku , Repo Timo , Chen Yen‐Tung , Tsai Hui‐Lien , Naik Anil D. , Railliet Antoine P. , Garcia Yann , Ghosh Rajarshi , Kole Niranjan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn efficient catalytic system for the oxidation of alcohols has been developed by using iron(III) catalyst [Fe(phen)2Cl2]NO3 (1) (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) and H2O2 as terminal oxidant. A series of primary and secondary alcohols were oxidized into aldehydes and ketones in good yields and excellent selectivities after a short reaction time. The mononuclear iron(III) complex [Fe(phen)2Cl2]NO3 was characterized by several independent methods. The X‐ray structure shows distorted octahedral geometry around the FeIII center, which is in a high‐spin state (S = 5/2) according to Mössbauer study.
Electrochemical Behavior of Calcein and the Interaction Between Calcein and DNA
Authors: Zhang Xuzhi , Li Meng , Cui Yi , Zhao Jun , Cui Zhengguo , Li Qiufen , Qu Keming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of calcein (CA) has been investigated by using a conductive carbon black paste electrode (CCBPE) as working electrode. It exhibits a single well‐defined redox peak in phosphate buffered saline in the range of pH 5.5–8.0, which attributes to the irreversible oxidation with 2 electrons and 2 protons participation. Under the optimized analytical conditions, the proposed linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) method allows the determination of CA in a linear concentration range of 0.64–9.60 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.32 µM. Further, the interaction between CA and DNA were studied by voltammetric and spectrometric methods. Both studies have shown that CA can bind to DNA by the intercalation binding mode. Under the present experimental condition, the binding constant β of CA and dsDNA is 1.10×107. Meanwhile, in the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction mixture there is obvious interaction between CA and dsDNA, resulting in a nonignorable decrease of the indicating sensitivity.
HIGH‐FREQUENCY EXCHANGE‐RATE PREDICTION WITH AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Choudhry Taufiq , McGroarty Frank , Peng Ke , Wang Shiyun 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThis paper examines how market microstructure variables can be used to forecast foreign exchange (FX) rates at frequencies of one to several minutes. We use a unique FX dataset of global inter‐dealer electronic transactions and applied the artificial neural network (ANN) as the predicting model. The immediately preceding bid and ask prices are significant factors in these predictions, which is in keeping with market microstructure theory. These microstructure factors have not been tested in an ANN model before. High‐frequency trading strategies based on the ANN model are shown to be profitable even when transaction costs are included. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure and in vitro degradation performance of Mg–Zn–Mn alloys for biomedical application
Authors: Rosalbino F. , De Negri S. , Scavino G. , Saccone A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractManganese and zinc were selected as alloying elements to develop a Mg‐based ternary alloy for biomedical applications, taking into account the good biocompatibility of these metals. The microstructures of Mg–Zn–Mn alloys containing 0.5 or 1.0 mass% of manganese and 1.0 or 1.5 mass% of zinc were investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Their corrosion properties were assessed by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements performed in Ringer's physiological solution that simulates bodily fluids. All tested samples are two‐phase alloys formed by a Mg‐based matrix, consisting of a Mg–Zn–Mn solid solution, and a Mg–Zn binary phase. The electrochemical results show an improvement of the corrosion behavior of the investigated alloys with increasing Zn and Mn content. This is attributed to the formation of a partially protective Mg(OH)2 surface film whose protective capabilities are increased by the alloying elements. The reduced influence of the Mg–Zn intermetallic compound on the corrosion rate of Mg–Zn–Mn alloys in the presence of a partially protective surface layer can be ascribed to an increasing resistance between the Mg–Zn–Mn solid solution and the second phase, thereby decreasing the effective driving force for microgalvanic corrosion. Owing to its highest corrosion protective ability, the Mg–1.5Zn–1Mn alloy is a promising candidate for the development of degradable implants, such as screws, plates, and rods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 704–711, 2013.
Effects of androgen deprivation therapy and bisphosphonate treatment on bone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from the University of Washington Rapid Autopsy Series
Authors: Morrissey Colm , Roudier Martine P , Dowell Alex , True Lawrence D , Ketchanji Melanie , Welty Christopher , Corey Eva , Lange Paul H , Higano Celestia S , Vessella Robert L 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative bone features were determined in nondecalcified and decalcified bone from 20 predetermined bone sites in each of 44 patients who died with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), some of which received bisphosphonate treatment (BP) in addition to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Thirty-nine of the 44 patients (89%) had evidence of bone metastases. By histomorphometric analysis, these bone metastases were associated with a range of bone responses from osteoblastic to osteolytic with a wide spectrum of bone responses often seen within an individual patient. Overall, the average bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) was 25.7%, confirming the characteristic association of an osteoblastic response to prostate cancer bone metastasis when compared with the normal age-matched weighted mean BV/TV of 14.7%. The observed new bone formation was essentially woven bone, and this was a localized event. In comparing BV/TV at metastatic sites between patients who had received BP treatment and those who had not, there was a significant difference (28.6% versus 19.3%, respectively). At bone sites that were not invaded by tumor, the average BV/TV was 10.1%, indicating significant bone loss owing to ADT that was not improved (11%) in those patients who had received BPs. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in the number of osteoclasts present at the metastatic sites between patients treated or not treated with BPs, but in bone sites where the patient had been treated with BPs, giant osteoclasts were observed. Overall, 873 paraffin-embedded specimens and 661 methylmethacrylate-embedded specimens were analyzed. Our results indicate that in CRPC patients, ADT induces serious bone loss even in patients treated with BP. Furthermore, in this cohort of patients, BP treatment increased BV and did not decrease the number of osteoclasts in prostate cancer bone metastases compared with bone metastases from patients who did not receive BP. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Mind‐Body CAM Interventions: Current Status and Considerations for Integration Into Clinical Health Psychology
Authors: Park Crystal 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly used for treating myriad health conditions and for maintaining general health. The present article provides an overview of current CAM use with a specific focus on mind‐body CAM and its efficacy in treating health conditions.MethodCharacteristics of CAM users are presented, and then evidence regarding the efficacy of mind‐body treatments (biofeedback, meditation, guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, hypnosis, yoga, tai chi, and qi gong) is reviewed.ResultsDemographics associated with CAM use are fairly well‐established, but less is known about their psychological characteristics. Although the efficacy of mind‐body CAM modalities for health conditions is receiving a great deal of research attention, studies have thus far produced a weak base of evidence. Methodological limitations of current research are reviewed. Suggestions are made for future research that will provide more conclusive knowledge regarding efficacy and, ultimately, effectiveness of mind‐body CAM. Considerations for clinical applications, including training and competence, ethics, treatment tailoring, prevention efforts, and diversity, conclude the article.ConclusionsIntegration of CAM modalities into clinical health psychology can be useful for researchers taking a broader perspective on stress and coping processes, illness behaviors, and culture; for practitioners seeking to incorporate CAM perspectives into their work; and for policy makers in directing healthcare resources wisely.
Overcoming undernutrition with local resources in Africa, Asia and Latin America
Authors: Krawinkel Michael B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEven in the 21st century, undernutrition is a challenge to be overcome. In the year 2009, 1.02 billion people were reported as food insecure and 180 million children were undernourished. Food insecurity and undernutrition are more than a lack of food energy: they are not reflected countrywide by prevalence means; they are mostly not permanent but seasonal; they are mostly not caused by insufficient amounts of food being produced; and they first affect parents and later children. Food insecurity and undernutrition often manifest themselves as micronutrient deficiency. While undernutrition is still a challenge for global nutrition, a second challenge has arisen: preventing caloric overnutrition. In various countries, food pyramids or food circles have been plotted supporting nutrition education and illustrating the challenge. Such integrative approaches are desirable for all countries of the world, as in all countries, to a smaller or larger extent, undernutrition and caloric overnutrition are the problems of today and tomorrow. The International Assessment of Agriculture for Science Technology and Development (IAASTD) has paid attention to the inescapable interconnectedness of agriculture's different roles and functions in the world and in all societies. Overcoming undernutrition with local resources means first protecting and promoting the use of local resources against imports of low‐priced processed foods from subsidised production in industrialised countries; second, it means developing education and training material for regional food production with a nutrition orientation; and third, the experiences of organic farming can contribute much to support farmers in developing countries in planting their indigenous varieties and applying integrated pest management strategies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Control of Phytophthora nicotianae disease, induction of defense responses and genes expression of papaya fruits treated with Pseudomonas putida MGP1
Authors: Shi Jingying , Liu Aiyuan , Li Xueping , Chen Weixin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biological control is a potential strategy to reduce post‐harvest decay in several fruits. Little research has been carried out on the effects of endophytic bacterium on post‐harvest blight caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in papaya. In this work, the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas putida MGP1 on this disease and its possible mechanisms, including changes of defensive enzyme activities, total phenolic content and mRNA levels of two important genes, were investigated.RESULTS: Fruits treated with MGP1 showed a significant lower disease index and demonstrated increases in chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities and total phenolic content. In addition, the expression levels of pathogenesis related protein 1 gene (PR1) and non‐expressor of PR1 gene (NPR1) in papaya fruits were elevated by MGP1 treatment.CONCLUSION The results indicated that papaya fruits were responsive to the endophytic bacterium Ps. putida, which could activate defensive enzymes and genes and thereby induce host disease resistance. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry