bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified immune algorithm with spatial filtering for multiobjective topology optimisation of electromagnetic devices
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Watanabe Kota , Igarashi Hajime 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– In the development of electromagnetic devices, multiobjective topology optimisation is effective to obtain diverse design candidates for production models. However, multiobjective topology optimisation has not widely been performed because it is difficult to obtain resultant shapes for engineering realisation due to large search spaces. The purpose of this paper is to present a new multiobjective topology optimisation method.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents a new multiobjective topology optimisation method in which the Immune Algorithm is modified for multiobjecrive optimisation and a shape modification process based on spatial filtering is employed.

Findings
– The present method shows that better Pareto solutions can be found in comparison with the conventional methods.

Originality/value
– A new effective multiobjective topology optimisation is presented. This method enables to diverse design candidates for production models.
Adaptive level set method for accurate boundary shape in optimization of electromagnetic systems
Authors: Hyouk Lee Kang , Geon Hong Seung , Ki Baek Myung , Soon Choi Hong , Sun Kim Young , Han Park Il 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a new numerical technique, called adaptive level set method, for use with the finite element method.

Design/methodology/approach
– A conventional level set method using the smeared Heaviside function has been employed for shape and topology optimizations. The smeared Heaviside function yields an indistinct interface boundary, and so can increase computational time and cause numerical errors. The adaptive level set method does not use the smeared Heaviside function. To coincide with the material interface, it processes the zero level as the boundary data of element meshing.

Findings
– Usefulness and accuracy of shape optimization using the adaptive level set method are shown by comparison to the conventional level set method. A shape optimization procedure using the adaptive level set method is introduced. Numerical examples are employed to explain how the adaptive level set method is applied.

Originality/value
– The adaptive level set method is proposed to relieve the interface problem of the conventional level set method. Shape variation in the optimization is calculated from the continuum sensitivity analysis.
Mixed convection boundary layer flow from a vertical truncated cone in a nanofluid
Authors: Pătrulescu F.O. , Groşan T. , Pop I. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady mixed convection boundary layer flow from a vertical frustum of a cone in water-based nanofluids. The problem is formulated to incorporate three kinds of nanoparticles: copper, alumina and titanium oxide. The working fluid is chosen as water with the Prandtl number of 6.2. The mathematical model used for the nanofluid incorporates the particle volume fraction parameter, the effective viscosity and the effective thermal diffusivity. The entire regime of the mixed convection includes the mixed convection parameter, which is positive for the assisting flow (heated surface of the frustum cone) and negative for the opposing flow (cooled surface of the frustum cone), respectively.Design/methodology/approach– The transformed non-linear partial differential equations are solved numerically for some values of the governing parameters. The derivatives with respect to? were discretized using the first order upwind finite differences and the resulting ordinary differential equations with respect to? were solved using bvp4c routine from Matlab. The absolute error tolerance in bvp4c was 1e-9.Findings– The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the governing parameters are analysed and discussed. The effects of the particle volume fraction parameter \phi, the mixed convection parameter \lambda and the dimensionless coordinate? on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are determined only for the Cu nanoparticles. It is found that dual solutions exist for the case of opposing flows. The range of the mixed convection parameter for which the solution exists increases in the presence of the nanofluids.Originality/value– The paper models the mixed convection from a vertical truncated cone using the boundary layer approximation. Multiple (dual) solutions for the flow reversals are obtained and the range of existence of the solutions was found. Particular cases for ?=0 (full cone), ? >>1 and (free convection limit) \lambda>>1were studied. To the authors best knowledge this problem has not been studied before and the results are new and original.
Predicting detailed body sizes by feature parameters
Authors: Liu Zheng , Li Jituo , Chen Guang , Lu Guodong 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Detailed body sizes are prerequisite for made to measure or customized manufacture. Nowadays, detailed body sizes can be precisely obtained by using 3D scanners, however, the high prices of the scanners block the population for such approaches. The purpose of this paper is to provide an economical and accurate data-driven method which can predict detailed body sizes with a small number of feature sizes.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the representative body sizes are extracted from dozens of detail body sizes by using factor analysis and garment knowledge. Among the representative body sizes, those that are easy to be measured are selected as the feature parameters (FPs). Second, by mining the database of the body sizes, mapping from the FPs to the detailed body sizes is expressed by a combination of radial basis function and multiply linear regression. Thus, for an individual human body, his/her detailed body sizes can be predicted by a small number of FPs.

Findings
– First, FPs which are easily measured and represent the main shape information of a human body are extracted. Second, detailed body sizes can be functionally predicted by the FPs.

Originality/value
– Traditionally, measuring dozens of body sizes for each human body is tiresome and the accuracy of the sizes depends on the experience of the gaugers. In this paper, a small number of body sizes are selected as the FPs which are easy to be measured and can functionally express the other body sizes. Thus, by only measuring the FPs, the detailed body sizes can be intelligently and automatically predicted. This approach is meaningful to improve the intelligence and accuracy of the measurement, so that even an inexperienced gauger is competent to obtain accurate detailed body sizes.
Assessment of the human responses to the influence of personal liquid cooling system in the hot environment
Authors: Bartkowiak Grażyna , Dąbrowska Anna , Marszałek Anna 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– People working in the hot environment are constantly exposed to the overheating, that can lead to cardiovascular disorders and as a consequence result in occupational diseases. The purpose of this paper is to present developed personal liquid cooling system that is able to efficiently draw excess heat from the human organism, protecting against thermal stress.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents study concerning the assessment of effect of the coolant temperature in the developed liquid cooling garment (LCG) on physiological parameters of the subjects (heart rate, body temperature, skin temperature) and parameters of the undergarment microclimate, as well as subjective sensations reported by volunteers exercising in hot microclimate while wearing LCG and without LCG.

Findings
– Obtained results of physiological parameters measurements, as well as undergarment physical parameters and volunteers subjective sensations, proved satisfactory level of thermal stress reduction while working in the aluminized protective clothing in hot environment by the developed personal liquid cooling system for the variant with coolant temperature 19°C and the flow rate 0.9 dm3/min.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a new clothing construction intended for LCG that can efficiently support human thermoregulation processes while working in the hot environment.
Energy-based optimal darted pattern for garment design
Authors: Fang Jing-Jing , Ding Yu 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to find the pattern with minimal deformation energy while developing from 3D designed garments. Moreover, darts are generated to further reduce deformation energy. The aims of the energy-based flattening method are to reduce the difference between 3D designed garments and 2D flattened patterns in an accurate and efficient way.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses a mass spring method and iterative optimization to analyze pattern contours with minimal contour deformation while flattening three dimensional draping designs into a plane. Darts are generated to further reduce distortion during surface flattening and the energy method is introduced to verify that the analysis results obtained match the garment darts provided by the Bunka formula which is currently widely used in East Asia.

Findings
– An efficient method for generating optimal darted pattern is presented. It compares the important factors of darts, including position, length and amount. After iterative optimization and darts generation, the maximum energy reduction is about 30 percent.

Originality/value
– This study provides an aggregate to analyze and compare the differences between different patterns and conduct a verification comparison with traditional pattern formula.
Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow field in compact spinning with Hollow Roller
Authors: Liu Xinjin , Su Xuzhong 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Condensing roller is the most key parts of compact spinning system. Hollow Roller is one of the most important kinds of condensing roller, the surface structure of which influences the flow field in condensing zone directly and affects the qualities of spun yarn. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of Hollow Roller surface structure on flow field in condensing zone is investigated by using Fluent Software.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, the effect of Hollow Roller surface structure on flow field in condensing zone is investigated by using Fluent Software. The numerical simulations of the three-dimensional flow field in Hollow Roller compact spinning with two different kinds of roller surface structure, round hole structure and strip groove structure, are given according to the three-dimensional physical model of condensing zone. The flow velocity and static pressure distributions in condensing zone are given.

Findings
– It is shown that the flow velocity streamline distribution is denser with strip groove structure than that of round hole structure, especially on the center line of strand, and flow velocity value is also larger in both Y-Z and X-Y cross-sections, and in X-Z cross-section shows the embracing inlet airflow, which is benefit for fiber condensing directly and improving negative pressure use efficiency. Furthermore, the simulations with three strip groove widths 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mm are given. The theatrical results obtained are illustrated by experiments.

Originality/value
– In this paper, the effect of Hollow Roller surface structure on flow field in condensing zone is investigated by using Fluent Software in detail. A more accurate three-dimensional physical model of condensing zone is given. A new kind of strip groove structure of Hollow Roller is proposed. The theatrical results obtained are illustrated by experiments, and lay a foundation for practical Hollow Roller design.
Glass ceiling or sticky floor? Quantile regression decomposition of the gender pay gap in China
Authors: Xiu Lin , Gunderson Morley 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to analyse how the male-female pay gap in China varies across the pay distribution and to provide evidence on the factors that influence that gap.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use the Recentered Influence Function modification of quantile regressions to estimate how the male-female pay gap varies across the pay distribution. The authors also decompose the pay gaps at different quantiles of the pay distribution into differences in endowments of wage determining characteristics and differences in the returns for the same characteristics. The analysis is based on data from the Life Histories and Social Change in Contemporary China survey.Findings– The authors find evidence of a sticky floor (large pay gaps at the bottom of the pay distribution) and some limited and weaker evidence of a glass ceiling (large pay gaps at the top of the distribution). This pattern prevails based on the overall pay gap as well as on the adjusted or net gap that reflects differences in the pay that males and females receive when they have the same pay determining characteristics. The pattern largely reflects the coefficients or unexplained differences across the pay distribution. Factors influencing the pay gap and how they vary across the pay distribution are discussed. The variation highlights considerable heterogeneity in the Chinese labour market with respect to how pay is determined and different characteristics are rewarded, implying that the conventional Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions that focus only on the mean of the distribution can mask important differences across the full pay distribution.Social implications– At the bottom of the pay distribution most of the lower pay of females reflects their lower returns to job tenure, experience and a greater negative effect of family responsibilities on females’ wages, and to a lesser extent their lower level of education, less likelihood of being CPP members and their concentration in lower paying occupations. At the top of the pay distribution most of their lower pay reflects their lower returns on education, job tenure and work experience, and to a lesser extent their lower levels of experience and lower likelihood of being in managerial and leadership positions.Originality/value– The paper systematically examines the male-female pay gap and its determinants throughout the pay distribution in China, highlighting that the conventional Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions that focus only on the mean of the distribution can mask important differences across the full pay distribution and not capture the considerable heterogeneity in that labour market.
The gender gap of returns on education across West European countries
Authors: Mendolicchio Concetta , Rhein Thomas 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the gender specific private returns on education (RE) in Europe in a comparative perspective. The authors extend the model of de la Fuente (2003) by estimating the parameters by gender and introducing maternity leaves and benefits. The paper analyses the impact of the public policy variables evaluating the elasticities with respect to unemployment benefits, marginal and average tax rates, maternity leave and childcare benefits.Design/methodology/approach– The authors estimate the Mincerian coefficients, with the Heckman’ selection model, for 12 West European countries using the EU-SILC data. The authors then use them as input to calibrate the decision model.Findings– The RE of females tend to be higher than those of males in all the Europeans countries but Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. The gender gap can be explained mainly by the wage premia and labour income taxes which more than compensate the negative effects on females’ returns triggered by higher unemployment rates and maternity-related benefits.Practical implications– The tax system has the most pronounced effect on RE. An increase in the marginal tax rates has a negative impact. An increase in the average tax rates can have a negative or positive impact, depending on the progressivity of the tax system. An increase in unemployment benefits and maternity or child-care benefits has a negative but fairly small impact.Social implications– The analysis considers just one dimension of maternity related policies: the effect on RE and differences across gender. These policies may have aims which are beyond the scope of this paper, for instance to increase fertility. From this viewpoint, the small values of the elasticities presented are reassuring in that they suggest that they can be implemented at a fairly small cost in terms of investment in human capital.Originality/value– The authors compute the RE using a model which allows us to take into account and assess the significance of relevant variables: wage premium, income tax, some public transfers and benefits, costs of the investments. Moreover, the authors estimate the wage premia using relatively recent EU-SILC data. Finally, the paper compares 12 EU countries spanning quite different labour market conditions and institutions.
Gender gap and labour market participation
Authors: Castellano Rosalia , Rocca Antonella 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The measurement and comparison across countries of female conditions in labour market and gender gap in employment is a very complex task, given both its multidimensional nature and the different scenarios in terms of economic, social and cultural characteristics. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– At this aim, different information about presence and engagement of women in labour market, gender pay gap, segregation, discrimination and human capital characteristics was combined and a ranking of 26 European countries is proposed through the composite indicator methodology. It satisfies the need to benchmark national gender gaps, grouping together economic, political and educational dimensions.Findings– The results show that female conditions in labour market are the best in Scandinavian countries and Ireland while many Eastern and Southern European countries result at the bottom of classification.Research limitations/implications– In order to take into account the subjectivity of some choices in composite indicator construction and to test robustness of results, different aggregation techniques were applied.Practical implications– The authors hope that this new index will stimulate the release of a sort of best practices useful to close labour market gaps, starting from best countries’ scenarios, and the launching of pilot gender parity task forces, as it happened with the Global Gender Gap Index in some countries. Finally, relating gender gap indexes with country policies frameworks for gender inequalities and the connected policy outcomes, it is possible to evaluate their effectiveness and to identify the most adequate initiatives to undertake because policies reducing gender gaps can significantly improve economic growth and standard of living.Social implications– The analysis gives a contribution in the evaluation of the policies and regulations effectiveness at national level considering the existing welfare regimes and the associated gaps in labour market. It can help policy makers to understand the ramifications of gaps between women and men. The Gender Gap Labour Market Index is constrained by the need for international comparability, but limiting its analysis to European countries; it has been based on ad hoc indicators concerning developed economies and could be readily adapted for use at the national and local levels.Originality/value– In this paper the authors propose a new composite indicator index specifically focused on gender gap in labour market. Several papers analysed gender differences in wages, employment or segregation, but few of them consider them together, allowing to get a satisfactory informative picture on gender inequalities in labour market and studying in deep its multiple aspects, including discrimination indicators ad hoc calculated, giving to policy makers an useful tool to evaluate female employees conditions and put them in relation with the different input factors existing within each country.
Integrating trait and ability EI in predicting transformational leadership
Authors: Foster Colm , Roche Frank 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role played by follower's trait emotional intelligence (EI) in the relationship between follower's ability EI and transformational leadership.Design/methodology/approach– The authors hypothesised that there is a positive moderating effect of follower's trait EI on the relationship between follower's ability EI and the transformational leadership rating they receive from their supervisor. Using moderated hierarchical linear regression this hypothesis was tested using a random sample of 208 supervisor-subordinate dyads from three organisations in Ireland covering FMCG, banking and financial Services.Findings– After controlling for the effects of personality, moderated hierarchical regression analysis showed that follower ability EI significantly predicted transformational leadership ratings and that this relationship was positively moderated by follower trait EI.Research limitations/implications– This study presents a path-finding, integrative model linking trait and ability EI which offers an expanded understanding of the phenomenon of EI in relation to leadership.Practical implications– The findings show how trait and ability EI can be used in concert by HR and leadership development professionals to optimally design EI-based leadership development programmes.Originality/value– This is the first study to integrate the trait and ability approaches to EI and to show how they interact in predicting transformational leadership. This study also took the perspective of leadership as assessed by the leader rather than the follower, which has been the norm in most previous studies.
The onset of police misconduct
Authors: Harris Christopher 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors which contribute to, or mitigate against, both the likelihood and timing of the onset of police misconduct.Design/methodology/approach– Research hypotheses were tested examining the first personnel complaint filed against officers, using both all complaints and only substantiated complaints, from data collected on a large cohort of officers followed over a substantial portion of their careers.Findings– Black officers and those exhibiting poor academy performance were at an increased likelihood of onset when compared to white and Hispanic officers and those who did better in the academy, while having a college degree lowered this likelihood. Officers whose first complaints were filed by citizens, and officers working certain patrol zones had quicker onset times. Those officers whose first complaint was related to service, as well as officers with prior military service, had longer onset times.Research limitations/implications– This study relies on personnel complaints to measure onset, was conducted in a very large police department, and does not include arrest data on officers over time.Practical implications– Onset occurs early in officers’ careers. Some factors are consistent across complaint types, while others depend on whether all complaints or only substantiated complaints are used to measure onset, which suggests that future research should consider carefully which measure they employ.Originality/value– This study employs a longitudinal data set which follows a cohort of officers from the start of their careers, and is thus ideal for exploring the onset of misconduct.