bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rat cortex and hippocampus‐derived soluble factors for the induction of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron‐like cells
Authors: Han Chao , Song Lin , Liu Yang , Zou Wei , Jiang Chen , Liu Jing 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTo simulate brain microenvironment, adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) were induced to differentiate to neuronal‐like cells in rat cortex and hippocampus medium (Cox + Hip). First, isolated AMSC were characterized by flow cytometer and the capacity of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. After induction in rat cortex and hippocampus conditioned medium, the cell morphological change was examined and neural marker proteins (β‐Ш‐Tubulin, NSE, Nissl body) expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. A variety of synaptic marker proteins, including GAP43, SHANK2, SHANK3 and Bassoon body, were detected. ELISA was used to measure brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion at different time‐points. AMSCs positively expressed CD13, CD44 and CD90 and could differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes. After induction in Cox + Hip medium for 14 days, cells had a typical neuronal perikaryal appearance, which was suggestive of neuronal differentiation. After 14 days of Cox + Hip treatment, the percentage of cells expressing β‐Ⅲ‐Tubulin, NSE and Nissl was 53.9 ± 0.8%, 51.3 ± 1.7% and 16.4 ± 2.1%, respectively. Expression of GAP43, SHANK2, SHANK3 and Bassoon body was detected, indicating synapse formation after treatment in Cox + Hip medium. Differentiated AMSCs secreted neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF. Thus rat cortex and hippocampus‐derived soluble factors can induce AMSCs to a neuronal‐like phenotype, suggesting that AMSCs have a dual role in supplementing newborn neurons and secreting neurotrophic factors, and therefore could be help as a potential treatment for nervous system diseases.
High Catalytic Performance of MoO3‐Bi2SiO5/SiO2 for the Gas‐Phase Epoxidation of Propylene by Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Pang Yijun , Chen Xiaohui , Xu Chengzhi , Lei Yangjun , Wei Kemei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMoO3‐Bi2SiO5/SiO2 catalysts with a Mo/Bi molar ratio of 5, prepared by a two‐step hydrothermal and simple impregnation method, were investigated for the epoxidation of propylene by O2 and characterized by XRD, N2 absorption–desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature‐programmed reduction, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD), and IR, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On MoO3‐Bi2SiO5/SiO2 with Mo/Bi=5 calcined at 723 K, a propylene conversion of 21.99 % and a propylene oxide selectivity of 55.14 % were obtained at 0.15 MPa, 673 K, and flow rates of C3H6/O2/N2=1/4/20 cm3 min−1. XRD, IR spectroscopy, and XPS results show that Bi2SiO5 and MoO3 are crystalline nanoparticles. NH3‐TPD results indicate that the surface acid sites are necessary for the high catalytic activity. The results of TGA and N2 absorption–desorption isotherms reveal that a reasonable calcination temperature is 723 K. The reaction mechanism of propylene epoxidation on MoO3‐Bi2SiO5/SiO2 catalysis is hypothesized to involve an allylic radical generated at the molybdenum oxide species and the activation of O2 at the bismuth oxide cations.
Efficient Biocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants by Enzyme‐Releasing Self‐Propelled Motors
Authors: Orozco Jahir , Vilela Diana , Valdés‐Ramírez Gabriela , Fedorak Yuri , Escarpa Alberto , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael , Wang Joseph 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe first example of a self‐propelled tubular motor that releases an enzyme for the efficient biocatalytic degradation of chemical pollutants is demonstrated. How the motors are self‐propelled by the Marangoni effect, involving simultaneous release of SDS surfactant and the enzyme remediation agent (laccase) in the polluted sample, is illustrated. The movement induces fluid convection and leads to the rapid dispersion of laccase into the contaminated solution and to a dramatically accelerated biocatalytic decontamination process. The greatly improved degradation efficiency, compared to quiescent solutions containing excess levels of the free enzyme, is illustrated for the efficient biocatalytic degradation of phenolic and azo‐type pollutants. The high efficiency of the motor‐based decontamination approach makes it extremely attractive for a wide‐range of remediation processes in the environmental, defense and public health fields.
Atmospheric Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deposition at Three Sites in Nanjing, China, and Possible Links to Nitrogen Deposition Sources
Authors: Sun Liying , Liu Yinglie , Wang Jinyang , Khalil Mohammad Aslam K. , Zou Jianwen , Xiong Zhengqin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAtmospheric deposition is a global and increasing threat to ecosystem function. Here, we analyzed bulk and wet deposition of inorganic N, total phosphorus (TP) and δ15N of NH4–N and NO3–N at three sites in Nanjing from March 2010 to February 2012. Results showed that bulk deposition fluxes of inorganic N and TP averaged 54.82 kg N ha–1 year–1 and 1.82 kg P ha–1 year–1, respectively. The N/P bulk deposition ratio reached 30/1, leading ecosystems toward P‐limitation. Wet deposition fluxes of inorganic N and TP were 25.65 kg N ha–1 year–1 and 1.29 kg P ha–1 year–1, respectively, suggesting the potential contribution of inorganic N from dry deposition. Based on the δ15N values of NH4–N and NO3–N and model results, we found that chemical fertilizers and animal manures contributed to the reduced N deposition and fossil fuel and soil emissions contributed to the oxidized N deposition, depending upon the time and site. Agriculture sector contributed almost twice as industry while animal manures contributed significantly within agriculture.
Mutational analysis and clinical correlation of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Russo Andrea L. , Borger Darrell R. , Szymonifka Jackie , Ryan David P. , Wo Jennifer Y. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Kwak Eunice L. , Allen Jill N. , Wadlow Raymond C. , Zhu Andrew X. , Murphy Janet E. , Faris Jason E. , Dias‐Santagata Dora , Haigis Kevin M. , Ellisen Leif W. , Iafrate Anthony J. , Hong Theodore S. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDEarly identification of mutations may guide patients with metastatic colorectal cancer toward targeted therapies that may be life prolonging. The authors assessed tumor genotype correlations with clinical characteristics to determine whether mutational profiling can account for clinical similarities, differences, and outcomes.METHODSUnder Institutional Review Board approval, 222 patients with metastatic colon adenocarcinoma (n = 158) and rectal adenocarcinoma (n = 64) who underwent clinical tumor genotyping were reviewed. Multiplexed tumor genotyping screened for >150 mutations across 15 commonly mutated cancer genes. The chi‐square test was used to assess genotype frequency by tumor site and additional clinical characteristics. Cox multivariate analysis was used to assess the impact of genotype on overall survival.RESULTSBroad‐based tumor genotyping revealed clinical and anatomic differences that could be linked to gene mutations. NRAS mutations were associated with rectal cancer versus colon cancer (12.5% vs 0.6%; P < .001) and with age ≥56 years (7% vs 0.9%; P = .02). Conversely, v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations were associated with colon cancer (13% vs 3%; P = .024) and older age (15.8% vs 4.6%; P = .006). TP53 mutations were associated with rectal cancer (30% vs 18%; P = .048), younger age (14% vs 28.7%; P = .007), and men (26.4% vs 14%; P = .03). Lung metastases were associated with PIK3CA mutations (23% vs 8.7%; P = .004). Only mutations in BRAF were independently associated with decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.09‐5.27; P = .029).CONCLUSIONSThe current study suggests that underlying molecular profiles can differ between colon and rectal cancers. Further investigation is warranted to assess whether the differences identified are important in determining the optimal treatment course for these patients. Cancer 2014;120:1482–1490. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Height, body mass index (BMI), BMI change, and the risk of estrogen receptor‐positive, HER2‐positive, and triple‐negative breast cancer among women ages 20 to 44 years
Authors: Kawai Masaaki , Malone Kathleen E. , Tang Mei‐Tzu C. , Li Christopher I. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDThe evidence regarding correlations between various anthropometric characteristics and breast cancer risk among young women is mixed, and few studies have assessed these associations by subtype.METHODSThis was a population‐based, case‐control study of 779 women with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer; 182 women with ER‐negative/human epidermal growth factor‐2 (HER2)‐negative/progesterone receptor‐negative (triple‐negative [TN]) breast cancer; and 60 women with ER‐negative/HER2‐overexpressing, invasive breast cancer ages 20 to 44 years who were diagnosed from 2004 to 2010 in the Seattle‐Puget Sound metropolitan area; as well as 939 cancer‐free controls. Associations between height and body mass index (BMI) at different time points in relation to breast cancer risk were assessed using polytomous logistic regression.RESULTSHeight, BMI at age 18 years, and BMI at the reference date were not related to the risks of ER‐positive, TN, or HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer. Changes in BMI from age 18 years to the reference date were not related to the risk of either ER‐positive or HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer. However, compared with women who had a BMI change from 0 to 4.9 kg/m2 from age 18 years to the reference date, those who experienced a BMI increase ≥10 kg/m2 during the same interval had a 2.0‐fold (95% confidence interval, 1.2‐fold to 3.3‐fold increase) increased risk of TN breast cancer. For women with ER‐positive disease, there was some evidence that parity modified the effect of BMI change (Pinteraction = .002), because a BMI increase of ≥10 kg/m2 was associated with a reduced risk of ER‐positive disease only among nulliparous women (odds ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2‐0.6).CONCLUSIONSThe correlations appear to differ substantially between BMI change and the risks of TN breast cancer and ER‐positive breast cancer. Cancer 2014;120:1548–1556. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Cortical hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly of p73‐deficient mice: Developmental and adult analysis
Authors: Medina‐Bolívar Carolina , González‐Arnay Emilio , Talos Flaminia , González‐Gómez Miriam , Moll Ute M. , Meyer Gundela 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTrp73, a member of the p53 gene family, plays a crucial role in neural development. We describe two main phenotypic variants of p73 deficiency in the brain, a severe one characterized by massive apoptosis in the cortex leading to early postnatal death and a milder, non‐/low‐apoptosis one in which 50% of pups may reach adulthood using an intensive‐care breeding protocol. Both variants display the core triad of p73 deficiency: cortical hypoplasia, hippocampal malformations, and ventriculomegaly. We studied the development of the neocortex in p73 KO mice from early embryonic life into advanced age (25 months). Already at E14.5, the incipient cortical plate of the p73 KO brains showed a reduced width. Examination of adult neocortex revealed a generalized, nonprogressive reduction by 10–20%. Area‐specific architectonic landmarks and lamination were preserved in all cortical areas. The surviving adult animals had moderate ventricular distension, whereas pups of the early lethal phenotypic variant showed severe ventriculomegaly. Ependymal cells of wild‐type ventricles strongly express p73 and are particularly vulnerable to p73 deficiency. Ependymal denudation by apoptosis and reduction of ependymal cilia were already evident in young mice, with complete absence of cilia in older animals. Loss of p73 function in the ependyma may thus be one determining factor for chronic hydrocephalus, which leads to atrophy of subcortical structures (striatum, septum, amygdala). p73 Is thus involved in a variety of CNS activities ranging from embryonic regulation of brain size to the control of cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis in the adult brain via maintenance of the ependyma. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2663–2679, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Lithium–Sulfur Battery and its Components
Authors: Patel Manu U. M. , Arčon Iztok , Aquilanti Giuliana , Stievano Lorenzo , Mali Gregor , Dominko Robert 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism(s) of polysulfide formation and knowledge about the interactions of sulfur and polysulfides with a host matrix and electrolyte are essential for the development of long‐cycle‐life lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. To achieve this goal, new analytical tools need to be developed. Herein, sulfur K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and 6,7Li magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR studies on a Li–S battery and its sulfur components are reported. The characterization of different stoichiometric mixtures of sulfur and lithium compounds (polysulfides), synthesized through a chemical route with all‐sulfur‐based components in the Li–S battery (sulfur and electrolyte), enables the understanding of changes in the batteries measured in postmortem mode and in operando mode. A detailed XANES analysis is performed on different battery components (cathode composite and separator). The relative amounts of each sulfur compound in the cathode and separator are determined precisely, according to the linear combination fit of the XANES spectra, by using reference compounds. Complementary information about the lithium species within the cathode are obtained by using 7Li MAS NMR spectroscopy. The setup for the in operando XANES measurements can be viewed as a valuable analytical tool that can aid the understanding of the sulfur environment in Li–S batteries.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon with Manganese Oxides as Highly Efficient Electrode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Chou Tsu‐chin , Doong Ruey‐an , Hu Chi‐chang , Zhang Bingsen , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA promising energy storage material, MnO2/hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) nanocomposites, with exceptional electrochemical performance and ultrahigh energy density was developed for asymmetric supercapacitor applications. The microstructures of MnO2/HPC nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron dispersive X‐ray elemental mapping analysis. The 3–5 nm MnO2 nanocrystals at mass loadings of 7.3–10.8 wt % are homogeneously distributed onto the HPCs, and the utilization efficiency of MnO2 on specific capacitance can be enhanced to 94–96 %. By combining the ultrahigh utilization efficiency of MnO2 and the conductive and ion‐transport advantages of HPCs, MnO2/HPC electrodes can achieve higher specific capacitance values (196 F g−1) than those of pure carbon electrodes (60.8 F g−1), and maintain their superior rate capability in neutral electrolyte solutions. The asymmetric supercapacitor consisting of a MnO2/HPC cathode and a HPC anode shows an excellent performance with energy and power densities of 15.3 Wh kg−1 and 19.8 kW kg−1, respectively, at a cell voltage of 2 V. Results obtained herein demonstrate the excellence of MnO2/HPC nanocomposites as energy storage material and open an avenue to fabricate the next generation supercapacitors with both high power and energy densities.
Iodo(trisyl)sulfane: Reactivity of a Stable Alkanesulfenyl Iodide towards Antithyroid Drugs
Authors: Wismach Cathleen , Jones Peter G. , du Mont Wolf‐Walther , Mugesh Govindasamy , Papke Ulrich , Linden H. Bernhard , Arca Massimiliano , Lippolis Vito 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIodination of tris(trimethylsilyl)methanethiol (trisylthiol, TsiSH) in tetrahydrofuran provides the new thermally stable alkanesulfenyl iodide [iodo(trisyl)sulfane, TsiSI] as a violet solid. Iodo(trisyl)sulfane exhibits iodine–iodine contacts between pairs of TsiSI molecules in the solid state. Properties of TsiSI were studied by vibrational spectroscopy and with the help of density functional calculations. TsiSI reacts in the presence of triethylamine with the antithyroid drugs 6‐n‐propyl‐ and 6‐methylthiouracil (PTU, MTU) and with N‐methylmethimazole (MMI) to form unsymmetric disulfides that were investigated by means of X‐ray crystallography. In the solid state, the PTU and MTU derivatives exist as hydrogen‐bonded centrosymmetric dimers, whereas the MMI‐derived disulfide is an unsymmetric monomer.
Design and Synthesis of Pironetin Analogue/Combretastatin A‐4 Hybrids and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Torijano‐Gutiérrez Sandra , Vilanova Concepción , Díaz‐Oltra Santiago , Murga Juan , Falomir Eva , Carda Miguel , Marco J. Alberto 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe describe the preparation of a series of hybrid molecules containing a combretastatin A‐4 moiety and a pironetin analogue fragment linked by an ester spacer of variable length. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds have been measured and the relationship between the structure and cytotoxicity is discussed. Some of the tested compounds showed cytotoxicity values of the same order of magnitude as those of the parental molecules, combretastatin A‐4 and pironetin, and were less toxic than the latter for normal cells.
A novel direct activator of AMPK inhibits prostate cancer growth by blocking lipogenesis
Authors: Zadra Giorgia , Photopoulos Cornelia , Tyekucheva Svitlana , Heidari Pedram , Weng Qing Ping , Fedele Giuseppe , Liu Hong , Scaglia Natalia , Priolo Carmen , Sicinska Ewa , Mahmood Umar , Signoretti Sabina , Birnberg Neal , Loda Massimo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract5′AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) constitutes a hub for cellular metabolic and growth control, thus representing an ideal therapeutic target for prostate cancers (PCas) characterized by increased lipogenesis and activation of mTORC1 pathway. However, whether AMPK activation itself is sufficient to block cancer cell growth remains to be determined. A small molecule screening was performed and identified MT 63–78, a specific and potent direct AMPK activator. Here, we show that direct activation of AMPK inhibits PCa cell growth in androgen sensitive and castration resistant PCa (CRPC) models, induces mitotic arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo, AMPK activation is sufficient to reduce PCa growth, whereas the allelic loss of its catalytic subunits fosters PCa development. Importantly, despite mTORC1 blockade, the suppression of de novo lipogenesis is the underpinning mechanism responsible for AMPK‐mediated PCa growth inhibition, suggesting AMPK as a therapeutic target especially for lipogenesis‐driven PCas. Finally, we demonstrate that MT 63–78 enhances the growth inhibitory effect of AR signaling inhibitors MDV3100 and abiraterone. This study thus provides a rationale for their combined use in CRPC treatment.
On the tweet arrival process at Twitter: analysis and applications
Authors: González Roberto , Muñoz Alfonso , Hernández José Alberto , Cuevas Rubén 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis work provides a novel measurement‐based analysis of the tweet arrival traffic process at Twitter. The analysis considers more than one million total tweets collected at 48 different times of the day (o'clock and half‐past every hour). We observe a 3.5‐tweet/ms average rate with a valley of 2.5 tweets/ms at 10 AM (GMT+1) and a peak at 3 PM (GMT+1) of about 5 tweets/ms. We further model the traffic pattern as a Gaussian process, and we validate such an assumption with multiple normality tests. Finally, we overview a number of applications where such a model may show its utility, namely infrastructure dimensioning and upgrading, the detection of outlier events, energy efficiency and so on. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BCL2 mutation spectrum in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and patterns associated with evolution of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Burkhard Regula , Bhagat Govind , Cogliatti Sergio B. , Rossi Davide , Gaidano Gianluca , Pasqualucci Laura , Novak Urban 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBCL2 is a target of somatic hypermutation in t(14;18) positive and also in a small fraction of t(14;18) negative diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), suggesting an aberrant role of somatic hypermutation (ASHM). To elucidate the prevalence of BCL2 mutations in lymphomas other than DLBCL, we Sanger‐sequenced the hypermutable region of the BCL2 gene in a panel of 69 mature B‐cell lymphomas, including Richter's syndrome DLBCL, marginal‐zone lymphomas, post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, HIV‐associated and common‐variable immunodeficiency‐associated DLBCL, all known to harbour ASHM‐dependent mutations in other genes, as well as 16 t(14,18) negative and 21 t(14;18) positive follicular lymphomas (FLs). We also investigated the pattern of BCL2 mutations in longitudinal samples from 10 FL patients relapsing to FL or transforming to DLBCL (tFL). By direct sequencing, we found clonally represented BCL2 mutations in 2/16 (13%) of t(14;18) negative FLs, 2/16 (13%) HIV‐DLBCLs, 1/9 (11%) of Richter's syndrome DLBCL, 1/17 (6%) of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders and 1/2 (50%) common‐variable immunodeficiency‐associated DLBCL. The proportion of mutated cases was significantly lower than in FLs carrying the t(14;18) translocation (15/21, 71%). However, the absence of t(14;18) by FISH or PCR and the molecular features of the mutations strongly suggest that BCL2 represents an additional target of ASHM in these entities. Analysis of the BCL2 mutation pattern in clonally related FL/FL and FL/tFL samples revealed two distinct scenarios of genomic evolution: (i) direct evolution from the antecedent FL clone, with few novel clonal mutations acquired by the tFL major clone, and (ii) evolution from a common mutated long‐lived progenitor cell, which subsequently acquired distinct mutations in the FL and in the relapsed or transformed counterpart. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SHALL WE DANCE? MUSIC AS A PORT OF ENTRANCE TO MATERNAL–INFANT INTERSUBJECTIVITY IN A CONTEXT OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION
Authors: Van Puyvelde Martine , Rodrigues Helena , Loots Gerrit , De Coster Lotta , Du Ville Kevin , Matthijs Liesbeth , Simcock David , Pattyn Nathalie 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study introduces the concept of a mother–infant group therapy that makes use of music, singing, and moving to establish maternal–infant intersubjectivity. It was conducted in a residential mother–baby unit for mothers with postnatal depression and their infants over a 5‐week period. Maternal–infant intersubjectivity of four dyads in relation to the group dynamics were microanalyzed for Sessions 1 and 5. We made within‐session (i.e., beginning–middle–end) and between‐session (Session 1 vs. Session 5) comparisons for the number of intersubjectivity moments (ISMs), total time of intersubjectivity (IST), and the mean duration of ISMs on a dyadic (i.e., own mother/infant involved) and a nondyadic level (i.e., own mother/infant not involved). In addition, three ISM levels (degree of group contribution) were distinguished. The results indicated a significant increase of ISMs/IST from Session 1 to Session 5. Within‐session analyses showed that ISMs/IST significantly decreased through Session 1 and remained stable throughout Session 5. Intersubjectivity occurred mainly on ISM Level 1 during Session 1 and on ISM Level 3 during Session 5, suggesting increased dyadic autonomy and self‐efficacy. The results are discussed in relation to the musical characteristics of mother–infant dyads, music improvisation techniques, group processes, and intersubjective development.