bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Spleen‐Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy: Comparative Study of Spleen Preservation with Splenic Vessel Resection and Splenic Vessel Preservation
Authors: Zhou Zun Qiang , Kim Song Cheol , Song Ki Byung , Park Kwang‐Min , Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Young‐Joo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundSpleen‐preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (SPLDP) can be performed with splenic vessel resection (SVR) or splenic vessel preservation (SVP). The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent SPLDP with SVR or SVP at a single institution.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 246 patients who underwent SPLDP at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, for benign or low‐grade malignant tumors found in the body or tail of the pancreas between November 2005 and November 2011.ResultsIn total, 206 patients (83.7 %) were managed by SVP. SVR was performed in the remaining 40 (16.3 %) cases. There were no significant differences between the SVP and SVR groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss (378 ± 240 vs. 328 ± 204 ml, respectively; P = 0.240) and operating time (193.4 ± 59.1 vs. 204.4 ± 51.8 min, respectively; P = 0.492). Sixty‐seven (32.5 %) and 10 patients (25 %) had complications in the SVP and SVR groups, respectively (P = 0.347). At 3 days after surgery, the rates of splenic infarction were 16.0 % (33/206) in the SVP group and 52.5 % (21/40) in the SVR group, but all recovered within 12 months on postoperative computed tomography. The time of recovery from splenic infarction was 3.6 ± 3.1 and 4.7 ± 3.7 months in the SVP and SVR groups, respectively. At 6 months, the rates of gastric varices were 1.9 % in the SVP group and 35 % in the SVR group (P < 0.001) with no progression at 12 months. No gastrointestinal bleeding occurred at a median follow‐up of 34 months (range = 12–84).ConclusionsSPLDP with SVR can be used for patients with large and benign or low‐grade malignant tumors that distort and compress vessel course, as the higher rate of early splenic ischemia and perigastric varices is acceptable.
Is preimplantation genetic diagnosis the ideal embryo selection method in aneuploidy screening?
Authors: Sahin Levent , Bozkurt Murat , Sahin Hilal , Gürel Aykut , Yumru Ayse Ender 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo select cytogenetically normal embryos, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) aneuploidy screening (AS) is used in numerous centers around the world. Chromosomal abnormalities lead to developmental problems, implantation failure, and early abortion of embryos. The usefulness of PGD in identifying single‐gene diseases, human leukocyte antigen typing, X‐linked diseases, and specific genetic diseases is well‐known. In this review, preimplantation embryo genetics, PGD research studies, and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology PGD Consortium studies and reports are examined. In addition, criteria for embryo selection, technical aspects of PGD‐AS, and potential noninvasive embryo selection methods are described. Indications for PGD and possible causes of discordant PGD results between the centers are discussed. The limitations of fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the advantages of the array comparative genomic hybridization are included in this review. Although PGD‐AS for patients of advanced maternal age has been shown to improve in vitro fertilization outcomes in some studies, to our knowledge, there is not sufficient evidence to use advanced maternal age as the sole indication for PGD‐AS. PGD‐AS might be harmful and may not increase the success rates of in vitro fertilization. At the same time PGD, is not recommended for recurrent implantation failure and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.
NONSTANDARD MODELS IN RECURSION THEORY AND REVERSE MATHEMATICS
Authors: CHONG C. T. , LI WEI , YANG YUE 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe give a survey of the study of nonstandard models in recursion theory and reverse mathematics. We discuss the key notions and techniques in effective computability in nonstandard models, and their applications to problems concerning combinatorial principles in subsystems of second order arithmetic. Particular attention is given to principles related to Ramsey’s Theorem for Pairs.
APPROXIMATING BEPPO LEVI’S PRINCIPIO DI APPROSSIMAZIONE
Authors: BRUNI RICCARDO , SCHUSTER PETER 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe try to recast in modern terms a choice principle conceived by Beppo Levi, who called it the Approximation Principle (AP). Up to now, there was almost no discussion about Levi’s contribution, due to the quite obscure formulation of AP the author has chosen. After briefly reviewing the historical and philosophical surroundings of Levi’s proposal, we undertake our own attempt at interpreting AP. The idea underlying the principle, as well as the supposed faithfulness of our version to Levi’s original intention, are then discussed. Finally, an application of AP to a property of metric spaces is presented, with the aim of showing how AP may work in contexts where other forms of choice are commonly at use.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Testing of the Environmental Distress Scale With Indonesian Survivors of a Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Warsini Sri , Buettner Petra , Mills Jane , West Caryn , Usher Kim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe Mt Merapi volcanic eruption in October 2010 claimed more than 386 lives, injured thousands of survivors, and devastated the surrounding environment. No instrument was available in Indonesia to assess the psychosocial impact on survivors of environmental degradation caused by such natural disasters. We developed, translated, and tested an Indonesian version of the Environmental Distress Scale (EDS) for use as a tool to reliably measure environmental distress related to environmental damage in Indonesia.MethodThe EDS, a prospective translation and psychometric study, was modified for use in a volcano disaster setting in Indonesia; translated into Indonesian; and pilot tested to determine meaning and cultural appropriateness. A test-retest study with 80 survivors of the 2010 Mt Merapi volcanic eruption measured the reliability of the tool.ResultsThe Indonesian version of the EDS (I-EDS) captured the content of the original EDS with appropriate adaptations for cultural differences of Indonesian natural disaster survivors.ConclusionsThe I-EDS can be considered a reliable tool for assessing the psychosocial impact of environmental degradation from natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, which might be useful for Indonesian researchers. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–10)
Beneficial effects of soluble dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the prevention of the onset of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose diet-fed rats
Authors: Chang Wan-Ching , Jia Huijuan , Aw Wanping , Saito Kenji , Hasegawa Sumio , Kato Hisanori 
Published: June 2014

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) has the potential to attenuate lipid disturbances and insulin resistance (IR), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we elucidated the physiological responses and mechanisms of JA intervention with a comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Wistar rats were fed a control diet, a 60 % fructose-enriched diet (FRU), or a FRU with 10 % JA (n6–7) for 4 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on day 21. Liver samples were collected for biochemical and global gene expression analyses (GeneChip®Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, Affymetrix). Fructose feeding resulted in IR and hepatic TAG accumulation; dietary JA supplementation significantly improved these changes. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that the expression of malic enzyme 1 (Me1), associated with fatty acid synthesis; decorin (Dcn), related to fibrosis; and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 (Cyp1a2) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), associated with inflammation, was differentially altered by the FRU, whereas dietary JA supplementation significantly improved the expression of these genes. We established for the first time the molecular mechanisms driving the beneficial effects of JA in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We propose that 10 % JA supplementation may be beneficial for the prevention of the onset of these diseases.
The size selectivity of whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) caught by gillnet in the eastern Black Sea of Turkey
Authors: Kalaycı Ferhat , Yeşılçıçek Tuncay 
Published: June 2014

The size selectivity of traditional gillnets for whiting, (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) was investigated in the eastern Black Sea between June 2010 and June 2011. Experimental fishing operations were carried out by using gillnets of 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh size. A total of 2038 specimens belonging to 16 different fish species were caught during the experiment. The Share Each Length's Catch Total method was used to fit gillnet selectivity curves. Gillnet selectivity was best described by a bi-modal selectivity curve. The modal catch sizes were estimated as 14.81, 15.74, 16.66, 18.51 and 20.37 cm for 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh sizes, respectively. Modal lengths and spread values increased with increasing mesh size. The majority of fish (71.8%) caught by 16 mm mesh size were less than the length at first sexual maturity.
Fundamental conditions of human existence as the ground of life's meaning: reply to Landau
Authors: METZ THADDEUS 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTaking the good (generosity), the true (enquiry), and the beautiful (creativity) as exemplars of what can make a life noticeably meaningful, elsewhere I have advanced a principle that entails and plausibly explains all three. Specifically, I have proffered the view that great meaning in life, at least in so far as it comes from this triad, is a matter of positively orienting one's rational nature towards fundamental conditions of human existence, conditions of human life responsible for much else about it. Iddo Landau has raised important objections to this principle, arguing in particular that contouring one's rationality towards fundamentality is neither necessary nor sufficient for great meaning in life. In this article, I reply to Landau's objections to the fundamentality account of what makes life very meaningful. I thereby aim to enrich reflection about what it is about the lives of Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso that made them so significant as well as to indicate how fundamentality implicitly plays a key role in theistic conceptions of meaning in life.
‘The One Jesus Christ’: Romans 5:12–21 and the development of Karl Barth's christology
Authors: McFarland Orrey 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough many Barth scholars have begun to argue for the necessity of evaluating Barth's theology as an interpretation of scripture, so far these efforts have focused more on hermeneutical questions and less on the specifics of Barth's exegesis, the specific ways his conclusions derive from that exegesis, and the interplay between his exegetical work and his theology. Accordingly, this article seeks to contribute to Barth studies by tracing the development of Barth's christology through his exegesis of Romans 5:12–21 in the first edition of theRomanscommentary and Barth's later essayChrist and Adam– specifically how he understands the function of Christ's particularity in relation to his universal soteriological significance. These works have been selected not only because they give extended treatments of the text but also because there is a wide timespan between them. Furthermore, in contrast to the second edition ofRomansand theChurch Dogmatics, these texts remain relatively untapped, and will consequently provide a unique entry-point into Barth's exegetical work. By looking at Barth's theological development through his exegesis of Paul's text, we have a benchmark by which both to trace Barth's development and to critique it: does Barth do justice to both the particular and universal aspects of the christology of Romans 5:12–21? In this way, I intend to take seriously Barth's recurring assertion that his project succeeded or failed by how well it functioned as biblical interpretation. It will be demonstrated that the early Barth was unable to allow Christ's particularity to have much of a soteriological function in his interpretation of Romans 5:12–21, and was thus compelled to downplay the particularity of Christ which is emphasised in the text and instead emphasise his universality as the only aspect of soteriological value. By contrast, the later Barth grounded Christ's universality precisely in his particularity; that is, the Christ-event only had universal soteriological consequence because it was the action of a particular, historical Jesus. Yet, despite any problems we might find with Barth's interpretations, both works display Barth as aninterpreterseeking to grapple with the nuances of scripture and with one of the central issues of the biblical text, and of soteriology in general: the relation of the one to the many.
Fast ignition driven by quasi-monoenergetic ions: Optimal ion type and reduction of ignition energies with an ion beam array
Authors: Honrubia J.J. , Fernández J.C. , Hegelich B.M. , Murakami M. , Enriquez C.D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFast ignition of inertial fusion targets driven by quasi-monoenergetic ion beams is investigated by means of numerical simulations. Light and intermediate ions such as lithium, carbon, aluminum and vanadium have been considered. Simulations show that the minimum ignition energies of an ideal configuration of compressed Deuterium-Tritium are almost independent on the ion atomic number. However, they are obtained for increasing ion energies, which scale, approximately, as Z2, where Z is the ion atomic number. Assuming that the ion beam can be focused into 10 µm spots, a new irradiation scheme is proposed to reduce the ignition energies. The combination of intermediate Z ions, such as 5.5 GeV vanadium, and the new irradiation scheme allows a reduction of the number of ions required for ignition by, roughly, three orders of magnitude when compared with the standard proton fast ignition scheme.
Immunity from Seizure and Suit in Australia: The Protection of Cultural Objects on Loan Act 2013
Authors: Forrest Craig 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Australia has, like many other states over the past few years, introduced a statute that provides immunity from seizure for cultural objects on loan from abroad and immunity from suit for certain parties. This article explores the historical context that lead to the adoption of this statute and comprehensively explores the legislative regime, highlighting its peculiarities.
Whose World Heritage? Dresden’s Waldschlößchen Bridge and UNESCO’s Delisting of the Dresden Elbe Valley1
Authors: Schoch Douglas 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:This article examines the events leading up to, surrounding, and following UNESCO’s controversial removal of Germany’s Dresden Elbe Valley from the World Heritage List in 2009. At the heart of the controversy lay the construction of a new four-lane bridge, the Waldschlößchen Bridge, that would cut through scenic meadows, destroying long-protected vistas and changing the city’s cultural landscape. Although supported by German court decisions and local public opinion polls, the bridge has been denounced by many as an eyesore and an affront to the ideals of World Heritage. Yet despite the bridge, Dresden supposedly maintains World Heritage worthiness, even if it no longer enjoys that title. The author attempts to make sense of these contradictions in order to discover lessons applicable to the World Heritage program as a whole.
Formal analysis of model transformations based on triple graph grammars
Authors: HERMANN FRANK , EHRIG HARTMUT , GOLAS ULRIKE , OREJAS FERNANDO 
Published: June 2014

Triple graph grammars (TGGs) are a well-established concept for the specification and execution of bidirectional model transformations within model driven software engineering. Their main advantage is an automatic generation of operational rules for forward and backward model transformations, which simplifies specification and enhances usability as well as consistency. In this paper we present several important results for analysing model transformations based on the formal categorical foundation of TGGs within the framework of attributed graph transformation systems.Our first main result shows that the crucial properties of correctness and completeness are ensured for model transformations. In order to analyse functional behaviour, we generate a new kind of operational rule, called aforward translation rule. We apply existing results for the analysis of local confluence for attributed graph transformation systems. As additional main results, we provide sufficient criteria for the verification of functional behaviour as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for strong functional behaviour. In fact, these conditions imply polynomial complexity for the execution of the model transformation. We also analyse information and complete information preservation of model transformations, that is, whether a source model can be reconstructed (uniquely) from the target model computed by the model transformation. We illustrate the results for the well-known model transformation example from class diagrams to relational database models.
Analysis of permutation equivalence in -adhesive transformation systems with negative application conditions
Authors: HERMANN FRANK , CORRADINI ANDREA , EHRIG HARTMUT 
Published: June 2014

$\mathcal{M}$-adhesive categories provide an abstract framework for a large variety of specification frameworks for modelling distributed and concurrent systems. They extend the well-known frameworks of adhesive and weak adhesive HLR categories and integrate high-level constructs such as attribution as in the case of typed attributed graphs.In the current paper, we investigate$\mathcal{M}$-adhesive transformation systems including negative application conditions (NACs) for transformation rules, which are often used in applications. For such systems, we propose an original equivalence on transformation sequences, calledpermutation equivalence, that is coarser than the classical switch equivalence. We also present a general construction of deterministic processes for$\mathcal{M}$-adhesive transformation systems based on subobject transformation systems. As a main result, we show that the process obtained from a transformation sequence identifies its equivalence class of permutation-equivalent transformation sequences. Moreover, we show how the analysis of this process can be reduced to the analysis of the reachability graph of a generated Place/Transition Petri net. This net encodes the dependencies between rule applications of the transformation sequence, including the inhibiting effects of the NACs.
‘Woe Betide Us If They Win!’: National Socialist Treatment of the Spanish ‘Volunteer’ Workers
Authors: I MIRET MARICIÓ JANUÉ 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDuring 1941 the need for workers in Germany increased. As a result, the National Socialists requested allied and neutral countries to recruit volunteer workers. The total number of volunteers from these countries employed by the Nazis during the Second World War was similar to the total number of the civilian workers from occupied Poland. In spite of the better conditions offered to these volunteers and the efforts to indoctrinate them, the National Socialists failed to attract them to their cause. This article examines the reasons for this failure, taking as an example the case of the Spanish volunteers. The research is mainly based on the documents of the German-Spanish Society (Deutsch-Spanische Gesellschaft, DSG) of Berlin, which was the principal intermediary between the Spanish volunteers, and the National Socialist and Spanish authorities.
Anti-Semitism and Urban Development in France in the Second World War: The Case ofÎlot16 in Paris
Authors: BACKOUCHE ISABELLE , GENSBURGER SARAH 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExamining an ordinary town-planning decision made during an extraordinary period, this article highlights the interaction between the local urban redevelopment policy and the state policy of racial persecution in 1941. However, it argues that this interaction was far more complex than the implementation of an anti-Semitic ideology by two separate administrations to which it is usually reduced. Instead of trying to assess the ‘reality’ of the ‘representation’ of the housing area (îlot) as a ‘Jewish quarter’ the article takes as fact the notion that representations are realities, and vice versa, and attempts to understand if, and by what mechanisms, an ethno-religious characterisation of the îlot played a role in the redevelopment operations under consideration here.In 1921 a memo from the Seine prefecture had been presented to the city council, identifying seventeen insanitary îlots in Paris as having above-average mortality rates from tuberculosis. These îlots were to be razed to the ground and rebuilt. The sixteenth îlot on the list was located in the southern section of the fourth arrondissement. This ‘îlot 16’ was apparently known as an area where the majority of its inhabitants were foreign Jews. In October 1941, when the persecution of the Jews was at its height, the Seine prefecture began a massive redevelopment of this urban space. The issue of areas of bad housing had been nagging at officials since the beginning of the century: but how are the actions of the Seine prefecture to be explained from 1941 onwards? Why, during the Second World War, were city officials so determined to prioritise, indeed to focus exclusively on, îlot 16? Why was it that a Paris construction project of a scale not seen since Baron Haussmann's time was planned at this point, when the actors themselves described the economic and political situation as unfavourable?
City Mayors, Raion Chiefs and Village Elders in Ukraine, 1941–4: How Local Administrators Co-operated with the German Occupation Authorities
Authors: EIKEL MARKUS , SIVAIEVA VALENTINA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDuring the occupation of Ukraine, city mayors, raion chiefs and village elders played a substantial role in implementing occupation policies. Based in large part on primary sources from regional archives in Ukraine, the current article analyses the role of these local administrators, so far largely neglected in research on the occupation of Ukraine. Whatever their original motives were for joining the local administration (Hilfsverwaltung) – economic, nationalistic, or ethnic reasons, or a desire for better governance, local administrators nevertheless supported forced labour measures and the murder of the local Jewish population by identifying the local Jewish inhabitants, by administering the property of the murdered Jews or by facilitating Jewish forced labour duties. The article treats the city administration in Kamenets-Podol’sk in Podolia as a case study of the involvement of the local administration in the crimes committed under the occupation regime.