bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Facilitators of and Barriers to Healthful Eating Among University Students
Authors: Garcia Alicia C. , Sykes Lesley , Matthews June , Martin Noelle , Leipert Beverly 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Photovoice, an innovative qualitative research method in health care, has not been used to its full potential in nutrition/dietetics. We explored the use of Photovoice to determine perceived facilitators of and barriers to healthful eating among university students. Methods: The study included 28 students enrolled in a 2008 introductory nutrition class. The students participated in a camera orientation session to review ethics and privacy issues. They took photographs and selected two for discussion in a focus group moderated by a graduate student who used a semi-structured facilitation guide. Researchers coded the transcripts, analyzed the pictures and students’ written comments about the project, and ensured data trustworthiness through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability of data and methods. Results: Six major themes emerged as facilitators and/or barriers: environment, nutrition knowledge, convenience foods, time, media influence, and food cost. More than onethird of the students thought the study “stimulated their critical thinking.” They felt more empowered in sharing their perceptions and “getting their voices heard.” Conclusions: Photovoice was a useful, “motivating,” and “engaging” method for research on nutrition knowledge and dietary patterns of university students. Registered dietitians and other health professionals may benefit from the use of the Photovoice method when they are working with students.
Innu Food Consumption Patterns: Traditional Food and Body Mass Index
Authors: Atikessé Laura , de Grosbois Sylvie Boucher , St-Jean Mélissa , Penashue Basile (Mashen) , Benuen Manipia 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Food consumption patterns of an Innu community were described and the benefits of traditional food (TF) were investigated in relation to body mass index (BMI).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using food frequency and 24-hour recall questionnaires to evaluate consumption patterns (n=118) and to assess energy and nutrient intakes from TF and store-bought food (SBF) (n=161). Body mass index was calculated with a sub-sample of 45 participants.Results: Mean yearly TF meal consumption was significantly related to age (p=0.05). Participants reporting high TF and low SBF consumption presented with a normal body weight (BMI=24.1) at the lower quartile and a slightly overweight status (BMI=25.8) at the median. Mean values for protein and carbohydrate intake were higher than the Dietary Reference Intakes, whereas dietary fibre intake was below these guidelines for both genders. Store-bought food provided higher levels of energy and nutrients, except for protein.Conclusions: Although Innu consume high amounts of TF and SBF, a lack of some essential nutrients was observed. Because TF intake was related to a tendency toward a lower BMI, a combined, targeted diet could be proposed. Health services could reinforce the importance of TF consumption and promote traditional dietary practices that offer advantages at many levels.
Food Purchasing and Food Insecurity: Among Low-income Families in Toronto
Authors: Dachner Naomi , Ricciuto Laurie , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. , Tarasuk Valerie 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Factors underlying food-purchasing decisions were examined among a sample of low-income Toronto families. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was completed among 485 families residing in high-poverty Toronto neighbourhoods. Food-security status was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Open-ended questions were included to examine respondents’ food selection and management practices and their purchasing decisions for six indicator foods. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between factors influencing food-purchasing decisions, perceived food adequacy, and severity of food insecurity. Results: Twenty-two percent of families had been severely food insecure in the past 30 days. Respondents engaged in thrifty food shopping practices, such as frequenting discount supermarkets and budgeting carefully. Price was the most salient factor influencing food-purchasing decisions; the likelihood that families would report this factor increased with deteriorating food security. Preference, quality, and health considerations also guided food-purchasing decisions, but generally to a lesser extent as food insecurity increased. Household food supplies reflected constraints on food purchasing, and they diminished with increasing food insecurity. Conclusions: Despite their resourcefulness, low-income families struggle to feed their families. Dietitians have an important role to play as advocates for adequate income supports to promote food security and nutritional health.
Nutritional Status and Body Composition of Adult Patients with Brain Tumours Awaiting Surgical Resection
Authors: McCall Michele , Leone Ashley , Cusimano Michael D. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: To measure the prevalence of malnutrition, risk factors for poor dietary intake and body composition in patients with brain tumours admitted to hospital for surgical resection.Methods: In this study, 316 patients admitted for brain tumour resection to the Neurosurgical service at St. Michael's Hospital were screened. Assessment tools included the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) for nutritional status and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) for body composition. All measurements were performed by one research dietitian. Information regarding medical history, symptomology, and tumour pathology was recorded.Results: One hundred and nine participants were recruited. Malnutrition was present in 17.6% of patients, of whom 94.7% were moderately malnourished (SGA-B) and 5.3% severely malnourished (SGA-C). Key symptoms contributing to malnutrition included weight loss, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, headaches, and fatigue. Patients with malignant tumors were more likely to have weight loss and lower fat mass.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients admitted for brain tumour resection have a low prevalence of malnutrition compared with other cancer populations. Useful parameters for nutritional screening of inpatient admissions include weight loss >5% of usual weight, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and headaches.
Identification of Healthy Eating and Active Lifestyle Issues through Photo Elicitation
Authors: Joy Phillip , Mann Linda , Blotnicky Karen 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Effective workplace wellness programs, featuring supports for healthy eating and active lifestyle behaviours, have been found to reduce health risks and the associated economic burdens for individuals, organizations, and their communities. As part of a larger study, the purpose of this research was to engage volunteer participants from a university community to identify healthy eating and active lifestyle barriers and supports.Methods: An ethics-approved, action-research design with photo elicitation technique was used to engage employees and students. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis software.Results: Participants identified barriers and both current and future supports for healthy eating and active lifestyle on campus. These were coded under the sub-themes of food environment, food and nutrition quality, physical environment, physical activity, fitness centre, and awareness/communication.Conclusion: Photo elicitation was determined to be an effective technique to engage participants. Despite many supports, members of the university community still found it difficult to follow healthy eating and active lifestyle behaviours; however, a number of practical future supports were identified. This study also provided valuable insight into the role that dietitians can play in the development of successful wellness programs.
Indicators of Pediatric Malnutrition in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Larsen Bodil M. , Luchak Mila , Prenoslo Leslie , Wood Kim Brunet , Mazurak Vera 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malnutrition at a Canadian children's hospital based on medical records and to identify gaps in current practices and rates/reasons for dietitian consult. Methods: A retrospective chart audit of patients admitted during a winter season was completed. Patients with length of stay <4 days were excluded, as were those with fluid retention diseases. Outcome variables included anthropometrics, diet order, rates and reasons for dietitian consult, and biochemical data. Results: Of the 83 charts reviewed (mean ± SD age 7.3 ± 5.6 years of age), weights were recorded less frequently than recommended (45% of patients ≤2 years of age and 85% of patients >2 years of age met or exceeded recommendations). Twenty-nine (36%) patients were identified at potential increased nutrition risk for overweight, 10 (12%) for underweight, and 31 (38%) patients had nutrition-related chart notes. Only 23 patients (28%) received a dietitian consult and, of those, 21 had a nutrition related chart note. Consultation occurred an average 5.4 ± 4.96 days after admission. Conclusions: These data emphasize the need for development of standardized screening and assessment tools to better identify pediatric patients at risk for malnutrition and to improve access to optimal nutrition care.
Calcium, Vitamin D, Iron, and Folate Messages in Three Canadian Magazines
Authors: Cooper Marcia , Zalot Lindsay , Wadsworth Laurie A. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey showed that calcium, vitamin D, iron, and folate are nutrients of concern for females 19–50 years of age. The study objectives were to assess the quantity, format, and accuracy of messages related to these nutrients in selected Canadian magazines and to examine their congruency with Canadian nutrition policies.Methods: Using content analysis methodology, messages were coded using a stratified sample of a constructed year for Canadian Living, Chatelaine, and Homemakers magazines (n = 33) from 2003–2008. Pilot research was conducted to assess inter-coder agreement and to develop the study coding sheet and codebook.Results: The messages identified (n = 595) averaged 18 messages per magazine issue. The most messages were found for calcium, followed by folate, iron, and vitamin D, and the messages were found primarily in articles (46%) and advertisements (37%). Overall, most messages were coded as accurate (82%) and congruent with Canadian nutrition policies (90%).Conclusions: This research demonstrated that the majority of messages in 3 Canadian magazines between 2003 and 2008 were accurate and reflected Canadian nutrition policies. Because Canadian women continue to receive much nutrition information via print media, this research provides important insights for dietitians into media messaging.
Intraoperative high-field MRI for transsphenoidal reoperations of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
Authors: Berkmann Sven , Schlaffer Sven , Nimsky Christopher , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Buchfelder Michael 
Published: August 2014

Object
The loss of anatomical landmarks, frequently invasive tumor growth, and tissue changes make transsphenoidal reoperation of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) challenging. The use of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) may lead to improved results. The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of iMRI on transsphenoidal reoperations for NFA.

Methods
Between September 2002 and July 2012, 109 patients underwent reoperations in which 111 transsphenoidal procedures were performed and are represented in this study. A 1.5-T Magnetom Sonata Maestro Class scanner (Siemens) was used for iMRI. Follow-up iMRI scans were acquired if gross-total resection (GTR) was suspected or if no further removal seemed possible.

Results
Surgery was performed for tumor persistence and regrowth in 26 (23%) and 85 (77%) patients, respectively. On the initial iMRI scans, GTR was confirmed in 19 (17%) patients. Remnants were located as follows: 65 in the cavernous sinus (71%), 35 in the suprasellar space (38%), 9 in the retrosellar space (10%). Additional resection was possible in 62 (67%) patients, resulting in a significant volume reduction and increased GTR rate (49%). The GTR rates of invasive tumors on initial iMRI and postoperative MRI (poMRI) were 7% and 25%, respectively. Additional remnant resection was possible in 64% of the patients. Noninvasive tumors were shown to be totally resected on the initial iMRI in 31% of cases. After additional resection for 69% of the procedures, the GTR rate on poMRI was 75%. Transcranial surgery to resect tumor remnants was indicated in 5 (5%), and radiotherapy was performed in 29 (27%) patients. After GTR, no recurrence was detected during a mean follow-up of 2.2 ± 2.1 years.

Conclusions
The use of iMRI in transsphenoidal reoperations for NFA leads to significantly higher GTR rates. It thus prevents additional operations and reduces the number of tumor remnants. The complication rates do not exceed the incidences reported in the literature for primary transsphenoidal surgery. If complete tumor resection is not possible, iMRI guidance can facilitate tumor volume reduction.
Association of genetic variants in the retinoblastoma binding protein 6 gene with the risk of glioma: a case-control study in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Hu Dezhi , Zhang Shuo , Zhao Yingjie , Wang Shiming , Wang Qihan , Song Xiao , Lu Daru , Mao Ying , Chen Hongyan 
Published: August 2014

Object
The retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) gene plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis and regulation of the cell cycle, and interacts with both p53 and retinoblastoma protein in carcinogenesis. Recently, many studies investigating the function of the RBBP6 gene, including its roles in lung cancer and breast cancer, have been reported. However, the association between RBBP6 variants and glioma was unknown. Therefore, to uncover the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RBBP6 and glioma, a hospital-based case-control study was performed in a Chinese Han population.

Methods
Ten common tagging SNPs of the RBBP6 gene (covering 100% of all SNPs) were genotyped with the Sequenom MassARRY iPLEX platform, including 992 cases and 1008 controls, according to the HapMap database based on a pairwise linkage disequilibrium r2 threshold of 0.8, minor allele frequency of 0.05, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of 0.05.

Results
The authors found that 4 SNPs were significantly associated with glioma (rs2033214, p = 0.013, adjusted OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.18–5.14; rs11860248, p = 8.64 × 10−6, adjusted OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.23–2.05; rs9933544, p = 3.65 × 10−4, adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13–1.87; rs13332653, p = 0.004, adjusted OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14–1.95). Stratification analyses revealed that rs2033214 was only significantly associated with low-grade gliomas; rs9933544 and rs13332653 were only significantly associated with glioblastoma multiforme; and rs11860248 was significantly associated with both low-grade gliomas and glioblastoma multiforme, compared with the common wild-type homozygous genotype. Further stratified analysis revealed that rs11860248 was more pronounced in certain subgroups: adults, males, histological types, and family history of cancer. What's more, the haplotype and diplotype analyses consistently revealed that the subjects carrying 1 copy of haplotype CCGCC had a 53% increased glioma risk compared with their corresponding noncarriers (p = 0.018, adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.17).

Conclusions
The authors' results suggested that RBBP6 gene variants are associated with glioma and contribute to glioma susceptibility, which was first reported elsewhere. Individuals with the so-called risk alleles might have an increased risk of glioma. These results might provide new insight into the occurrence of glioma.
National socioeconomic indicators are associated with outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a hierarchical mixed-effects analysis
Authors: Guha Daipayan , Ibrahim George M. , Kertzer Joshua D. , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: August 2014

Object
Although heterogeneity exists in patient outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) across different centers and countries, it is unclear which factors contribute to such disparities. In this study, the authors performed a post hoc analysis of a large international database to evaluate the association between a country's socioeconomic indicators and patient outcome following aneurysmal SAH.

Methods
An analysis was performed on a database of 3552 patients enrolled in studies of tirilazad mesylate for aneurysmal SAH from 1991 to 1997, which included 162 neurosurgical centers in North and Central America, Australia, Europe, and Africa. Two primary outcomes were assessed at 3 months after SAH: mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. The association between these outcomes, nation-level socioeconomic indicators (percapita gross domestic product [GDP], population-to-neurosurgeon ratio, and health care funding model), and patientlevel covariates were assessed using a hierarchical mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.

Results
Multiple previously identified patient-level covariates were significantly associated with increased mortality and worse neurological outcome, including age, intraventricular hemorrhage, and initial neurological grade. Among national-level covariates, higher per-capita GDP (p < 0.05) was associated with both reduced mortality and improved neurological outcome. A higher population-to-neurosurgeon ratio (p < 0.01), as well as fewer neurosurgical centers per population (p < 0.001), was also associated with better neurological outcome (p < 0.01). Health care funding model was not a significant predictor of either primary outcome.

Conclusions
Higher per-capita gross GDP and population-to-neurosurgeon ratio were associated with improved outcome after aneurysmal SAH. The former result may speak to the availability of resources, while the latter may be a reflection of better outcomes with centralized care. Although patient clinical and radiographic phenotypes remain the primary predictors of outcome, this study shows that national socioeconomic disparities also explain heterogeneity in outcomes following SAH.
Population genetics and origin of the native North American agricultural weed waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus; Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Waselkov Katherine E. , Olsen Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: The evolution of invasiveness has been extensively studied in natural ecosystems; however, far less is known about the evolution of agricultural invasiveness, despite the major economic impact of weeds on crop productivity. Examining the population structure of recently arisen weeds can provide insights into evolutionary avenues to invasion of agroecosystems. Weeds that originate from wild plants are the most common yet least frequently studied type of agricultural invasive. Here we address several questions about the origin of the native North American agricultural weed waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), which invaded corn and soy fields in the midwestern United States in the 20th century.• Methods: We genotyped 38 populations from across the species range with 10 microsatellite markers and used these data to assess genetic diversity and population structure within and outside the geographical region where waterhemp is agriculturally problematic.• Key results: We found evidence for two ancestral genetic lineages in our data, supporting the hypothesis that A. tuberculatus was diverging into two evolutionary lineages prior to the 20th century. However, we found no support for the hypothesis that agricultural weed populations arose from admixture of these two lineages after secondary contact. Our data suggest that eastward movement of the western genetic lineage, facilitated by changing agricultural practices, is the source of the agricultural invasion of waterhemp.• Conclusions: This research demonstrates that agricultural invasion by native, wild plant species can proceed via different evolutionary trajectories from weeds related to domesticated plants, which has implications for evolutionary biology and weed control.
Maize early endosperm growth and development: From fertilization through cell type differentiation
Authors: Leroux Brian M. , Goodyke Austin J. , Schumacher Katelyn I. , Abbott Chelsi P. , Clore Amy M. , Yadegari Ramin , Larkins Brian A. , Dannenhoffer Joanne M. 
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: Given the worldwide economic importance of maize endosperm, it is surprising that its development is not the most comprehensively studied of the cereals. We present detailed morphometric and cytological descriptions of endosperm development in the maize inbred line B73, for which the genome has been sequenced, and compare its growth with four diverse Nested Association Mapping (NAM) founder lines.• Methods: The first 12 d of B73 endosperm development were described using semithin sections of plastic‐embedded kernels and confocal microscopy. Longitudinal sections were used to compare endosperm length, thickness, and area.• Key results: Morphometric comparison between Arizona‐ and Michigan‐grown B73 showed a common pattern. Early endosperm development was divided into four stages: coenocytic, cellularization through alveolation, cellularization through partitioning, and differentiation. We observed tightly synchronous nuclear divisions in the coenocyte, elucidated that the onset of cellularization was coincident with endosperm size, and identified a previously undefined cell type (basal intermediate zone, BIZ). NAM founders with small mature kernels had larger endosperms (0–6 d after pollination) than lines with large mature kernels.• Conclusions: Our B73‐specific model of early endosperm growth links developmental events to relative endosperm size, while accounting for diverse growing conditions. Maize endosperm cellularizes through alveolation, then random partitioning of the central vacuole. This unique cellularization feature of maize contrasts with the smaller endosperms of Arabidopsis, barley, and rice that strictly cellularize through repeated alveolation. NAM analysis revealed differences in endosperm size during early development, which potentially relates to differences in timing of cellularization across diverse lines of maize.