bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress impairs function and increases redox protein modifications in human spermatozoa
Authors: Morielli Tania , O'Flaherty Cristian 
Published: November 2014

Oxidative stress, generated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or decreased antioxidant defenses (and possibly both), is associated with male infertility. Oxidative stress results in redox-dependent protein modifications, such as tyrosine nitration andS-glutathionylation. Normozoospermic sperm samples from healthy individuals were included in this study. Samples were incubated with increasing concentrations (0–5 mM) of exogenous hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, or diethylamine NONOate (DA-NONOate, a nitric oxide (NO∙) donor) added to the medium. Spermatozoa treated with or without ROS were incubated under capacitating conditions and then levels of tyrosine phosphorylation and percentage of acrosome reaction (AR) induced by lysophosphatidylcholine were determined. Modified sperm proteins from cytosolic, triton-soluble, and triton-insoluble fractions were analyzed by SDS–PAGE immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry with anti-glutathione and anti-nitrotyrosine antibodies. Levels ofS-glutathionylation increased dose dependently after exposure to hydroperoxides (P<0.05) and were localized mainly to the cytosolic and triton-soluble fractions of the spermatozoa. Levels of tyrosine-nitrated proteins increased dose dependently after exposure to DA-NONOate (P<0.05) and were mainly localized to the triton-insoluble fraction. ROS-treated spermatozoa showed impaired motility without affecting viability (hypo-osmotic swelling test). These treated spermatozoa had tyrosine phosphorylation and AR levels similar to that of non-capacitated spermatozoa following incubation under capacitating conditions, suggesting an impairment of sperm capacitation by oxidative stress. In conclusion, oxidative stress promotes a dose-dependent increase in tyrosine nitration andS-glutathionylation and alters motility and the ability of spermatozoa to undergo capacitation.Free Spanish abstractA Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/149/1/113/suppl/DC1.
Adolescent Vaccine Co-administration and Coverage in New York City: 2007–2013
Authors: Sull Monica , Eavey Joanna , Papadouka Vikki , Mandell Rebecca , Hansen Michael A. , Zucker Jane R. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate adolescent vaccination in New York City, we assessed tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), meningococcal conjugate (MCV4), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake, vaccine co-administration, and catch-up coverage over time.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from the Citywide Immunization Registry, a population-based immunization information system, to measure vaccine uptake and co-administration, defined as a Tdap vaccination visit where MCV4 or HPV vaccine was co-administered, among 11-year-olds. Catch-up vaccinations were evaluated through 2013 for adolescents born 1996 to 2000, by birth cohort. HPV vaccination among boys included data from 2010 to 2013.

RESULTS:
Adolescent vaccine administration was greatest during the back-to-school months of August to October and was highest for Tdap. Although MCV4 uptake improved over the study years, HPV vaccine uptake among girls stagnated; boys achieved similar uptake of HPV vaccine by 2012. By 2013, 65.4% had MCV4 co-administered with Tdap vaccine, whereas 28.4% of girls and 25.9% of boys had their first dose of HPV vaccine co-administered. By age 17, Tdap and MCV4 vaccination coverage increased to 97.5% and 92.8%, respectively, whereas ≥1-dose and 3-dose HPV vaccination coverage were, respectively, 77.5% and 53.1% for girls and 49.3% and 21.6% for boys. Age-specific vaccination coverage increased with each successive birth cohort (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
From 2007 to 2013, there were greater improvements in Tdap and MCV4 vaccination than HPV vaccination, for which co-administration with Tdap vaccine and coverage through adolescence remained lower. Parent and provider outreach efforts should promote timely HPV vaccination for all adolescents and vaccine co-administration.
Evolução do currículo de Contabilidade no Brasil desde 1809
Authors: Soares Sandro Vieira , Richartz Fernando , Voss Barbara de Lima , Freitas Claudio Luiz de 
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os conteúdos que compuseram os currículos dos cursos de Contabilidade no Brasil desde a instituição das aulas de comércio em 1809. Esta pesquisa está limitada à análise do conteúdo normativo e somente sobre este ângulo ela expõe a evolução curricular. A base teórica desta pesquisa envolve trabalhos científicos de dois eixos: análise da composição curricular e história do curso de Ciências Contábeis no Brasil. Este trabalho é classificado como uma pesquisa descritiva, histórica, documental, qualitativa e pesquisa básica pura. A trajetória metodológica desta pesquisa histórica começou com a identificação da legislação que regulou os cursos de Contabilidade. Posteriormente, foi analisada cada norma e descrito o seu conteúdo, em busca das disciplinas que eram ensinadas. Com isso, os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que algumas disciplinas, como administração, auditoria, atuária, perícia, sistemas contábeis, teoria da contabilidade e análise das demonstrações contábeis, foram incluídas nos currículos dos cursos. Outras, como caligrafia, datilografia, geografia, história e línguas estrangeiras foram eliminadas dos currículos. No entanto, foi percebido que algumas disciplinas se mantiveram constantemente ligadas ao curso, como as de direito comercial, direito processual, direito tributário, matemática financeira, estatística e escrituração mercantil. Outro ponto a ser destacado foi a observação de mudanças ocorridas nas cargas horárias conforme aconteciam as alterações normativas. A duração mínima do curso variou de dois a quatro anos e em alguns momentos foi dividido em um curso preparatório e outro sequencial ou superior. Também se pode verificar que houve um aumento da variedade de disciplinas nos currículos mais recentes.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Material Welded Joints
Authors: Ziewiec A. , Tasak E. , Ziewiec K. , Formowicz K. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper presents results of the mechanical testing and the microstructure analysis of dissimilar welded joint of the R350HT steel and the high-manganese (Hadfield) cast steel using Cr-Ni cast steel spacer. The simulation tests of the welded joint surface deformation were carried out. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation were made using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Content of the magnetic phase was measured using magnetoscope. The quantitative metallographic investigation was used for assessment of ferrite and martensite contents and X-ray diffraction phase analysis was carried out. The results showed that during cooling of the spacer after welding, the transformation of metastable austenite into martensite proceeded. In addition to work hardening, the phase transformation of austenite into martensite occurs during the process of the superficial deformation of the spacer while simulated exploitation. This leads to a substantial increase of hardness, and at the same time, causes the increase of wear resistance of the welded joints of crossovers.
Microstructure and Wear Properties of FeCrC, FeW and Feti Modified Iron Based Alloy Coating Deposited by PTA Process on AISI 430 Steel
Authors: Teker T. , Karataş S , Yilmaz S. O. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The plasma transferred arc (PTA) process was used for developing wear resistance of AISI 430 steel substrate. Appropriate quantities of FeCrC, FeW and FeTi powders were combined to create conditions that synthesized M7C3 particles into reinforced Fe-based composite surface coating. The phase transformations on new created coated surfaces were comprehensively examined by using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microanalysis by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness and abrasive wear tests. The microstructure studies of the superficial layers of the coating revealed presence of a mixture of the dendritic phase structure of austenite (γ) and fine eutectic M7C3 carbides. The results show that; the concentrations of the elements (Cr, W, Ti) added as ferroalloys, the size of dendrites formed in the coated surface, the change of hardness of the coated surfaces, the carbide volume rate and thickness of the coating changed by the variation of the processing parameters (ratio of reinforcement particulates and heat input).
Thermogravimetric Analysis of the Zinc Concentrates Oxidation Containing Various Iron Compounds
Authors: Małecki S. , Jarosz P. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of oxidation of zinc concentrates containing various iron compounds. Using the thermogravimetry and thermal analysis methods it was shown that the influence of the iron form affects the thermal oxidation process. They influence the rate of, oxidation of zinc sulphide and consequently the resulting rate of oxidation of the concentrate.
Effect of Technical Quality of Thermomechanical Die Forging of AA2099 Alloy
Authors: Łukaszek-Sołek A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of investigations of a multicomponent third-generation aluminium alloy, classified as AA2099. The actual forging conditions were determined basing on the assessment of the quality of side surface of specimens subjected to compression in Gleeble 3800 simulator and on flow curves of the alloy, as well as numerical modelling of forging process performed with application of QForm 3D v.7 software. Compression tests were realized at temperatures 400-500 °C, with a strain rate of 0.001-100 s-1, up to a specified constant true strain value of 0.9. Microstructure examination in as-delivered state was performed with application of Leica DM 4000M optical microscope. The obtained results of isothermal deformation of specimens were correlated with the analysis of a characteristic layered pancake-type microstructure. The simulation of die forging of a complex-shape forging (high-current contact tip used in power engineering) at the temperature 500 °C, was performed. The shape of a forging makes it possible to fully analyse the influence of thermomechanical process conditions on technical quality of a product. The simulation of forging process showed full correctness of material flow, with no signs of instability. At the same time, the analysis of investigations allowed to prepare and realize the industrial forging trials for a forging of a very complex shape, in a single step, at the temperature 500 °C, with application of thermomechanical treatment. The forging attained high quality of shape and surface. Directional specimens were taken, in order to be subjected to microstructure examination and hardness testing. The data obtained from industrial tests, combined with the results of testing using Gleeble simulator as well as from numerical modelling, make up the guidelines for mechanical processing of AA2099 alloy at the temperatures 470-500 °C.
Formation of Medium Carbon TRIP Steel Microstructure During Annealing in the Intercritical Temperature Range
Authors: Kokosza A. , Pacyna J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research conducted on austenite formation in the microstructure of 41MnSi6-5 TRIP steel during annealing in the intercritical temperature range. The influence of the annealing temperature on the volume fraction of retained austenite in the microstructure of the investigated steel after water quenching was also determined.Based on the results of a dilatometric analysis and metallographic investigation it was noted that the pearlite-to-austenite transformation does not occur at a constant temperature, which is referred to as Ac1, but rather within some, possible to determine, temperature range which is bounded by the values Ac1s and Ac1f.Moreover, through X-ray analysis, it was stated that the largest amount of retained austenite remained in the samples which were annealed at the lowest temperatures in the Ac1s-Ac1f range prior to quenching. Increasing the annealing temperature to a two-phase a+g (ferrite + austenite) range, resulted in a decrease of the volume fraction of retained austenite.It was also found that during annealing in Ac1s÷Ac1f temperature range, austenite is also formed from ferrite simultaneously. This could be the reason for the decrease the carbon content in the formed austenite and consequently the decrease in the volume fraction of retained austenite in the microstructure of the investigated steel, which was quenched after having reached temperatures higher than Ac1s + 30°C.
Hypothesis Testing to Confirm the Influence of Technological Parameters on Poor Quality Production
Authors: Lakomá R. , Čamek L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This report addresses some chosen statistical methods that could be used to confirm and set up the required functions of technology in foundry companies where parts are cast by the low-wax casting method, whereas these chosen statistical methods are intended to reduce poor quality of produced parts. This research was made on a practical example. Utilization of hypothesis testing methods was examined in order to confirm technological parameters having some influence on the products quality. The data were compared before and after the implementation of changes aimed at reduction of poor quality produced parts in the wax department. The results confirmed that the implemented change had a statistically conclusive influence.
Characterization of the Parameters of Sand Moulds in Compaction Process by Use of the Industrial Computer Tomography (ICT)
Authors: Kadauw A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
One main problem in moulding is the proper characterization of the local density of the mould, the best without its destroying, for assessment the quality of the mould and to compare results of compaction modeling with experimental results. Industrial computer tomography (ICT) is a technique that allows the non-destructive and contact-free visualization and characterization of the internal and external parts of physical objects including also sand moulds. It is possible to apply ICT technique for the specific research presented here. Moulding sand compaction plays an important role for the quality of the mould and as the consequence for the quality of manufactured casting. The required quality of the castings can be achieved by selecting optimum manufacturing process parameters. The determination of these parameters is often carried out by trial-and-error-method, which is expensive and time consuming. To improve the understanding of the influence of various parameters, mathematical modeling of the compaction processes using numerical solutions was performed. Theoretical results of the compaction simulations have then been compared with practical results of mould compaction obtained by ICT. Itwasfound that simulation results agree well with data from computer tomography and provide insight into the spatial distribution of the density of sand moulds under industrial condition.
Influence of Cumulative Plastic Deformation on Microstructure of the Fe-Al Intermetallic Phase Base Alloy
Authors: Bednarczyk I. , Kuc D. , Niewielski G. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article is part of the research on the microstructural phenomena that take place during hot deformation of intermetallic phase-based alloy. The research aims at design an effective thermo - mechanical processing technology for the investigated intermetallic alloy. The iron aluminides FeAl have been among the most widely studied intermetallics because their low cost, low density, good wear resistance, easy of fabrication and resistance to oxidation and corrosion. There advantages create wide prospects for their industrial applications for components of machines working at a high temperature and in corrosive environment. The problem restricting their application is their low plasticity and their brittle cracking susceptibility, hampers their development as construction materials. Consequently, the research of intermetallic-phase-based alloys focuses on improvement their plasticity by hot working proceses. The study addresses the influence of deformation parameters on the structure of an Fe-38% at. Al alloy with Zr, B Mo and C microadditions, using multi – axis deformation simulator. The influence of deformation parameters on microstructure and substructure was determined. It was revealed that application of cumulative plastic deformation method causes intensive reduction of grain size in FeAl phase base alloy.
Temperature of NiCrBSi Powder Particles Detonation Sprayed – Theory and Practice
Authors: Babul T. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The article compared the results of theoretical calculations with results of actual temperature measurements of detonation sprayed NiCrBSi powder heated by the impact of the detonation products stream. Theoretical distributions of temperature in the powder particle were calculated by the Finite Element Method FEM, using the COSMOS/M program algorithm. In the absence of the heat transfer equations in the solid state being in movement, which is influenced by dynamic heat wave, the conduction mechanism described by Fourier's law was adopted. Experimental temperature measurements as a function of the acceleration path length were conducted using an own construction two-channel pyrometric system. The obtained data confirmed good agreement between the results obtained using FEM calculations method and results of experimental measurements using the pyrometric devices.
The Development of Explosive Metalworking in Poland
Authors: Babul W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The author coordinated the research in Poland by the collaboration with civil and military scientific and research centres. In result they elaborated detonation process of spraying coats designed and constructed stands equipped with detonative devices, they also elaborated the techniques of basic coating parameter measurement and built devices for commercial and scientific services. In the research the author's achievements within the range of explosive welding have been used. The experience of the scientific teams was very effective. It was observed that many phenomena that take place in the processes of detonative layer coating and explosive welding are the same. In order to obtain a required connection the plastic strain of the connected material surfaces has to be achieved and cumulative flows have to be formed. There are a similar range of the connecting process conditions and the mechanisms of plastic strain. The highest connection strength is obtained when an intermediate zone is formed. The zone has to be composed of the two connected materials. The intermediate layer is formed as a result of mechanical alloying of the materials due to large plastic strain. The plastic strain leads to forming meta-stable phases that have properties of pseudo solid solution, chemical compounds, intermetallic phases and fragmentation corresponding to nanomaterials and amorphous states.
Explosive Device for Current Switching
Authors: Bogdanovich P. T. , Komorny A.A. , Tarnopolsky B.A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The present paper deals with explosive devices for switching of kiloampere and megaampere current. The parameters of cumulation from a grooved surface and the parameters of shaped charge jet penetration into a barrier were analyzed depending on the initial properties of the explosive charge, the inert material and the barrier.
Influence of Heat Treatment Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron After Dynamic Deformation Test
Authors: Myszka D. , Cybula L. , Wieczorek A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this article, an attempt was made to determine the effect of dynamic load on the austempered ductile iron resistance obtained under different conditions of heat treatment. Tests were carried out on six types of cylindrical ductile iron samples austempered at 320, 370 and 400oC for 30 and 180 minutes. For each type of material, two samples were collected. As a next step in the investigations, the samples were subjected to a Taylor impact test. The samples after striking a non-deformable, rigid target were deformed on their front face. After Taylor test, a series of material tests was performed on these samples, noting a significant increase of hardness in the deformed part. This was particularly well visible in the ductile iron isothermally quenched at higher temperatures of 370 and 400oC. Inthezone of sample deformation, an increase in the content of ferromagnetic phase was also reported, thus indicating the occurrence of martensitic transformation in the microstructure containing mechanically unstable austenite. A significant amount of deformed graphite was also observed, which was a symptom of the deformation process taking place in samples. The ductile iron was characterized by high toughness and high resistance to the effect of dynamic loads, especially as regards the grade treated at a temperature of 370oC.
Effect of Heating Rate on Accelerated Carbide Spheroidisation (ASR) in 100CrMnSi6-4 Bearing Steel
Authors: Hauserova D. , Dlouhy J. , Novy Z. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Typical processing routes for bearing steels include a soft annealing stage, the purpose of which is to obtain a microstructure containing globular carbides in ferritic matrix. A newly developed process called ASR cuts the carbide spheroidisation times several fold, producing considerably finer globular carbides than conventional soft annealing. The present paper explores the effect of the heating rate and temperature on the accelerated carbide spheroidisation process and on the resulting hardness. Accelerated spheroidisation was achieved by thermal cycling for several minutes around various temperatures close to the transformation temperature at various heating rates applied by induction heating.
Manufacture of Toothed Elements in Nanoausferritic Ductile Iron
Authors: Myszka D. , Skołek E. , Wieczorek A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The technology currently used for the fabrication of toothed wheels, gear couplings and chain drums involves the induction hardening process or hardening and tempering after carburising. All these processes take a long time and cause adverse changes in the dimensions and surface quality of products, requiring post-treatment machining to remove the resulting cavities. The paper proposes the implementation of gear elements made of ductile iron with nanoausferritic matrix obtained by a new appropriate heat treatment process. The new material offers good performance characteristics and nearly no need for the application of other technological processes commonly used in the manufacture of gears.