bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gubernatorial Endorsements and Ballot Measure Approval
Authors: Burnett Craig M. , Parry Janine A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVoters often make decisions on ballot measures with limited information. Research shows, however, that elite endorsements can help voters overcome their information deficiencies. Using survey experiments, we evaluate the effect of a gubernatorial endorsement on three recent ballot measures. We find that identifying the governor as a proponent of a particular measure has a significant effect on respondents' support for only one of the three ballot measures we examine: a highly publicized health initiative in 2000. For two lower profile referendums on bonds supporting higher education (in 2006) and roads (in 2011), a gubernatorial endorsement proved ineffective. These results hold even when we restrict our sample to respondents who are the most likely to be influenced by the treatment. As a result, we tentatively conclude that gubernatorial endorsements, while valuable to some voters, are highly conditional.
Perivascular adipose tissue-derived leptin promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in metabolic syndrome rats
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Ya-Ping , Zhang Li-Na , Tian Gang 
Published: April 2014

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)-derived leptin is a detrimental adipocytokine and plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in metabolic syndrome (MetS). During vascular remodeling, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo phenotypic switching into a synthetic phenotype characterized by decreased expression of differentiation markers (smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, α-smooth muscle actin, and calponin) and increased proliferation. We aimed to determine whether PVAT-derived leptin influences VSMC phenotypic switching and to explore the underlying mechanisms in MetS rats. In vivo, 32 Wistar rats were divided into two groups that received either a normal diet (control rat) or a high-fat diet (MetS rats). After 16 weeks, rat aortas were stained using hematoxylin–eosin and imaged. VSMC differentiation markers and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PVAT-derived leptin, aortic leptin receptor (ObR), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were detected. In vitro, aortic VSMCs were incubated with MetS rat PVAT conditioned medium (PVAT-CM) to mimic in vivo conditions and were pretreated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB 203580) or leptin antagonist. Differentiation marker expression, including PCNA and p38 MAPK, was detected. MetS rats exhibited pronounced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and an associated increase in PVAT weight. VSMCs underwent phenotypic switching in MetS rat aorta and contributed to vascular remodeling. PVAT-derived leptin expression was higher in MetS rats than in control rats ( P < 0.01). ObRa expression and p38 MAPK phosphorylation were upregulated in MetS rat aorta. In vitro, VSMCs incubated with MetS rat PVAT-CM underwent phenotypic switching, associated with increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. This VSMC phenotypic switching was inhibited by pretreatment with SB 203580 or a leptin antagonist. These results suggest that in MetS rats, PVAT-derived leptin promotes VSMC phenotypic switching via a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway to exacerbate vascular remodeling.
Innovative approaches to promoting cervical health and raising cervical cancer awareness by use of existing cultural structures in resource-limited countries: experiences with traditional marriage counseling in Zambia
Authors: Kapambwe Sharon , Parham Groesbeck , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Chirwa Susan , Mwanza Jacob , Amuyunzu-Nyamongo Mary 
Published: April 2014

The Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia (CCPPZ) has increasingly used community-level structures to increase the uptake and ensure the sustainability of the program. Traditional marriage counselors, the alangizi, who have existed in the Zambian society for many years, are one of the structures used by the program to impart cervical cancer knowledge and increase access to screening and care using an existing community structure. Several steps were followed in developing this intervention: (a) ensuring the alangizi understood the process of screening by encouraging them to go through the screening process; (b) workshops were arranged for the alangizi to meet and share experiences during which lessons were given on cervical cancer by health workers as well; and (c) eight alangizi were chosen to help document the lessons as part of ensuring that cervical cancer information is accurate and passed in a consistent manner. Over 70 alangizi, who had undergone cervical cancer screening, were trained by CCPPZ. A ‘Cervical Cancer Training Manual for Marriage Counsellors’ was developed to help the alangizi integrate cervical cancer lessons in their routine teachings. An evaluation was conducted during the training of the alangizi that forms the basis for this paper. The results show that although the alangizi face key challenges in their work (e.g. changing social contexts), they are still considered relevant by most communities in Zambia and are potentially an important avenue for cervical cancer and other health information. This paper shows that it is possible to integrate sexual and reproductive health messages into existing structures in the community. However, it is important to design culturally specific and sensitive healthcare strategies that embrace locally accepted good practices.
The Scientific Method after Next
Authors: Stein David E. 
Published: April 2014

Like the religions and creation myths that predated it, contemporary science provides a framework for attempting to understand the universe. Replacing faith-based dogma with a new consensus-based authority grounded in repeatable experiment and observation, science itself is based on a protocol known as the scientific method. Yet now, science, mathematics, and even logic are shaking their own foundations, with profound implications not only for the scientific method as a means of understanding the universe, but also for the relationship between science, religion, and mysticism. For example, recent advances in quantum physics, and continual reinterpretations of earlier findings, are calling into question the notion of the detached observer—a notion fundamental to the contemporary scientific method—as well as the reductionistic approach of attempting to understand an entirety in terms of its components. Other findings indicate that uncertainty, randomness, and inconsistency may be basic to nature, with pervasive implications to the predictive and descriptive capability of science. Science, in turn, is underpinned by mathematics and logic, which are axiomatic in nature and thus limited by Gödel's theorem, an implication of which is that axioms are ultimately unprovable. In a striking parallel with some Western religions, the axioms themselves are accepted by consensus and “on faith.” Beyond these gatekeepers to knowledge lies yet another. Stated differently, “This far and no further.” Like religion, science may hold mysteries that are beyond human reach. Increasing studies of consciousness, intuitive processes, and some of the healing modalities can be expected to magnify the self-impacts of scientific research. This is because these studies generally do not yield the repeatable results that the scientific method demands. It is envisioned that the scientific method will need to evolve to encompass subjective experiences that have traditionally been regarded as outside its realm—perhaps starting with a framework that recognizes the interconnectedness of the observer and the observed. This paper explores the scientific findings that will shape the research protocols of tomorrow and the parallel and synergistic cultural, social, and academic trends.
Expression of a structurally constrained von Willebrand factor variant triggers acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in mice
Authors: Morioka Yoko , Casari Caterina , Wohner Nikolett , Cho Sungyun , Kurata Sachiko , Kitano Ayumi , Christophe Olivier D. , Lenting Peter J. , Li Renhao , Denis Cécile V. , Prévost Nicolas 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
Introduction of a disulfide bond within the A2 domain renders VWF highly thrombogenic and resistant to proteolysis. Expression of mVWF/p.S1494C-p.A1534C in mice triggers an acute onset of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Oscillation of solutions of some generalized nonlinear α-difference equations
Authors: Manuel Mariasebastin Maria Susai , Kılıçman Adem , Srinivasan K , Babu G Dominic 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the authors discuss the oscillation of solutions of some generalized nonlinear α-difference equation

Δ

α
(
ℓ
)

(
p
(
k
)

Δ

α
(
ℓ
)

u
(
k
)
)

+
q
(
k
)
f

(
u

(
k
−
τ
(
k
)
)

)

=
0
,

k
∈
[
a
,
∞
)

, where the functions p, q, f and τ are defined in their domain of definition and

α
>
1

, ℓ is a positive real. Further,

u
f
(
u
)
>
0

for

u
≠
0

,

p
(
k
)
>
0

and

lim

k
→
∞

(
k
−
τ
(
k
)
)
=
∞

, where

R
k

=

∑

r
=
0

[

k
−
ℓ

ℓ

]

1

α
r

p
(
r
ℓ
)

→
∞

as

k
→
∞

and

u
(
k
)

is defined for

k
≥

min

i
≥
0

(
i
−
τ
(
i
)
)

for all

k
∈
[
a
,
∞
)

for some

a
∈
[
0
,
∞
)

.

MSC:39A12.
Evolving systemic functional linguistics: beyond the clause
Authors: Martin James R 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this autobiographical essay I reflect on my training in linguistics and the way it affected my interpretation and development of SFL theory. In particular I am concerned to show how I tried to help SFL evolve, accumulating previous understandings into a model with additional theoretical architecture taking descriptive responsibility for a wider range of linguistic data. This evolution is illustrated with respect to my work on discourse semantics (as part of stratified content plane), genre (as part of a stratified context plane) and appraisal (a discourse semantic framework for analysing feeling).
Subclinical inflammation on MRI of hand and foot of anticitrullinated peptide antibody–negative arthralgia patients at risk for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van Steenbergen Hanna W , van Nies Jessica AB , Huizinga Tom WJ , Reijnierse Monique , van der Helm-van Mil Annette HM 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
It is known that anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)–positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a preclinical phase. Whether this phase is also present in ACPA-negative RA is unknown. To determine this, we studied ACPA-negative arthralgia patients who were considered prone to progress to RA for local subclinical inflammation observed on hand and foot magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Methods
We studied a total of 64 ACPA-negative patients without clinically detectable arthritis and with arthralgia of the small joints within the previous 1 year. Because of the character of the patients’ symptoms, the rheumatologists considered these patients to be prone to progress to RA. For comparisons, we evaluated 19 healthy, symptom-free controls and 20 ACPA-negative RA patients, who were identified according to the 1987 American Rheumatism Association criteria. All participants underwent MRI of unilateral wrist, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. Synovitis and bone marrow oedema (BME) were scored according to the OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging scoring system, and the scores were summed to yield the ‘MRI inflammation score’. Scores were compared between groups. Among the ACPA-negative arthralgia patients, MRI inflammation scores were related to C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the tenderness of scanned joints.

Results
MRI inflammation scores increased progressively among the groups of controls and ACPA-negative arthralgia and RA patients (median scores = 0, 1 and 10, respectively; P < 0.001). The MRI inflammation scores of ACPA-negative arthralgia patients were significantly higher than those of controls (P = 0.018). In particular, the synovitis scores were higher in ACPA-negative arthralgia patients (P = 0.046). Among the ACPA-negative arthralgia patients, inflammation was observed predominantly in the wrist (53%). The synovitis scores were associated with CRP levels (P = 0.007) and joint tenderness (P = 0.026). Despite the limited follow-up duration, five patients developed clinically detectable arthritis. These five patients had higher scores for MRI inflammation (P = 0.001), synovitis (P = 0.002) and BME (P = 0.003) compared to the other patients.

Conclusion
Subclinical synovitis was observed in the small joints of ACPA-negative arthralgia patients, and especially in patients whose conditions progressed to clinically detectable arthritis. This finding suggests the presence of a preclinical phase in ACPA-negative RA. Further longitudinal studies of these lesions and patients are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Intensive care unit depth of sleep: proof of concept of a simple electroencephalography index in the non-sedated
Authors: Reinke Laurens , van der Hoeven Johannes H , van Putten Michel JAM , Dieperink Willem , Tulleken Jaap E 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are known to experience severely disturbed sleep, with possible detrimental effects on short- and long- term outcomes. Investigation into the exact causes and effects of disturbed sleep has been hampered by cumbersome and time consuming methods of measuring and staging sleep. We introduce a novel method for ICU depth of sleep analysis, the ICU depth of sleep index (IDOS index), using single channel electroencephalography (EEG) and apply it to outpatient recordings. A proof of concept is shown in non-sedated ICU patients.

Methods
Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings of five ICU patients and 15 healthy outpatients were analyzed using the IDOS index, based on the ratio between gamma and delta band power. Manual selection of thresholds was used to classify data as either wake, sleep or slow wave sleep (SWS). This classification was compared to visual sleep scoring by Rechtschaffen & Kales criteria in normal outpatient recordings and ICU recordings to illustrate face validity of the IDOS index.

Results
When reduced to two or three classes, the scoring of sleep by IDOS index and manual scoring show high agreement for normal sleep recordings. The obtained overall agreements, as quantified by the kappa coefficient, were 0.84 for sleep/wake classification and 0.82 for classification into three classes (wake, non-SWS and SWS). Sensitivity and specificity were highest for the wake state (93% and 93%, respectively) and lowest for SWS (82% and 76%, respectively). For ICU recordings, agreement was similar to agreement between visual scorers previously reported in literature.

Conclusions
Besides the most satisfying visual resemblance with manually scored normal PSG recordings, the established face-validity of the IDOS index as an estimator of depth of sleep was excellent. This technique enables real-time, automated, single channel visualization of depth of sleep, facilitating the monitoring of sleep in the ICU.
Placental mesenchymal stem cells of fetal and maternal origins demonstrate different therapeutic potentials
Authors: Zhu Yongzhao , Yang Yinxue , Zhang Yaolin , Hao Guiliang , Liu Ting , Wang Libin , Yang Tingting , Wang Qiong , Zhang Guangyi , Wei Jun , Li Yukui 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources have been evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Although MSCs from different sources share MSC-specific characteristics and functions, inconsistent or controversial results of pre-clinical and clinical applications of such cells are frequently reported. This may be partially due to the fact that MSCs isolated from different origins may differentially express some functions not typical for MSCs, and hence have different therapeutic potentials. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in human placental MSCs (P-MSCs) of fetal and maternal origins in the aspects of clinical importance.

Methods
P-MSCs of fetal and maternal origins isolated from normal term placentas were characterized for their typical phenotype as well as their expression of receptors and growth factors of clinic interests. P-MSCs that preferentially express hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and CD200 were evaluated for their therapeutic potentials in models of angiogenesis and allogeneic skin transplantation, in comparison with their HGF and CD200 negative partners.

Results
Although all P-MSCs express typical MSC phenotype, fetal but not maternal P-MSCs express high levels of CD200 and HGF. Compared with HGF and CD200 negative P-MSCs, HGF and CD200 positive cells demonstrated significantly high potentials in promoting angiogenesis in vitro and increasing immunosuppressive function in vivo. These therapeutic potentials were at least in part due to their differences in HGF and CD200 expression, respectively.

Conclusions
We conclude that MSC origins may have significant impact on the therapeutic potentials of such cells, and should be taken into consideration in clinical applications.
Reactions of Molybdenum Hydrides with Organochlorosilanes: Silicon–Silicon Bond Formation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Asaeda Takahiro , Lee Joo Yeon , Watanabe Kyosuke , Minato Makoto 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Reactions of molybdenum hydrides containing polydentate phosphinoalkylsilyl ligands with a number of chlorosilanes have been investigated; this has led to the discovery of a novel type of a dechlorinative Si–Si coupling reaction.
Criteria for preserving posterior cruciate ligament depending on intra-operative gap measurement in total knee replacement
Authors: Kaneyama R. , Otsuka M. , Shiratsuchi H. , Oinuma K. , Miura Y. , Tamaki T. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesBecause posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) resection makes flexion gaps wider in total knee replacement (TKR), preserving or sacrificing a PCL affects the gap equivalence; however, there are no criteria for the PCL resection that consider gap situations of each knee. This study aims to investigate gap characteristics of knees and to consider the criteria for PCL resection.MethodsThe extension and flexion gaps were measured, first with the PCL preserved and subsequently with the PCL removed (in cases in which posterior substitute components were selected). The PCL preservation or sacrifice was solely determined by the gap measurement results, without considering other functions of the PCL such as ‘roll back.’ResultsWide variations were observed in the extension and flexion gaps. The flexion gaps were significantly larger than the extension gaps. Cases with 18 mm or more flexion gap and with larger flexion than extension gap were implanted with cruciate retaining component. A posterior substitute component was implanted with the other cases.ConclusionsIn order to make adequate gaps, it is important to decide whether to preserve the PCL based on the intra-operative gap measurements made with the PCL intact. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:95–100.
Hands2Help – Ein App-basiertes Konzept zur Koordination Freiwilliger Helfer/ Hands2Help – An App-based Concept for Coordination of Disaster Response Volunteers
Authors: Hofmann Marlen , Betke Hans , Sackmann Stefan 
Published: April 2014

Zusammenfassung
An der erfolgreichen Bewältigung der Jahrhundertflut im Sommer 2013 waren neben den regulären, organisierten Einsatzkräften von Feuerwehr, THW u. a. auch tausende freiwillige Helfer beteiligt. Die Koordination der vielen spontan verfügbaren „vor-Ort Helfer“ kristallisierte sich jedoch als ein zentrales Problem heraus, da sich diese überwiegend dezentral über soziale Netzwerke organisierten. Dies führte nicht nur zu gefährlichen und unnützen Hilfshandlungen, sondern auch zu „Helfernomaden“, die von einem Einsatzort zum nächsten zogen und immer wieder an überfüllten oder bereits abgearbeiteten Einsatzorten eintrafen, während andere Standorte unterbesetzt blieben und dringend zusätzliche Helfer benötigt hätten. Damit solche Koordinationsprobleme in Zukunft gelöst und das vorhandene Freiwilligenpotential effizient und effektiv ausgeschöpft werden kann, werden in diesem Beitrag Anforderungen an IT-Systeme zur Koordination freiwilliger Helfer diskutiert. Mit dem Hands2Help-System wird zudem ein neuartiges, App-basiertes Koordinationssystem vorgestellt, das Einsatzleiter und Leitstellen bei der Freiwilligenkoordination unterstützen kann.
Evaluation der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion in Krisenszenarien / Evaluating human-computer-interaction in crisis scenarios
Authors: Nestler Simon 
Published: April 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Prozesse des Krisenmanagements zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Unsicherheit, Instabilität und Zeitkritikalität aus. Eine Unterstützung der Krisenakteure durch interaktive Systeme stellt in Krisenszenarien eine ganz besondere Herausforderung dar. Bereits kleine Schwachpunkte in der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (MCI) können zu einer vollständigen Unnutzbarkeit der Krisenmanagementsysteme führen. Die regelmäßige Durchführung von Usability-Tests mit den Krisenakteuren ist essentiell. Die Betrachtung der MCI ist eine wichtige Grundlage für die erfolgreiche Einführung von interaktiven Systemen für das Krisenmanagement. Das Testen von interaktiven Systemen für Krisenszenarien ist jedoch besonders komplex: Der Usability-Test muss auf geeignete Weise in das Krisenszenario integriert werden. Usability-Tests in realistischen Krisenszenarien führen zu einem überproportional hohen Ressourcenbedarf. Testmethoden müssen auf geeignete Weise mit dem Krisenprozess verknüpft werden. Diese Publikation gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Ansätze für das Usability-Testing von interaktiven Krisenmanagementsystemen. Diese Ansätze ermöglichen eine iterative Verbesserung der interaktiven Systeme. Dazu gehen diese Ansätze über eine rein methodische Betrachtung des Usability-Testing hinaus. Der Usability-Test wird aus der Perspektive der MCI und aus der Perspektive des Krisenmanagements betrachtet. Erst diese kombinierte Betrachtung führt zu einem systematischen Ansatz für die Durchführung von Usability-Tests in Krisenszenarien. Durch diesen Ansatz lässt sich die Häufigkeit der Usability-Tests bei gleichbleibendem Gesamtaufwand steigern.
GroupAL: ein Algorithmus zur Formation und Qualitätsbewertung von Lerngruppen in E-Learning-Szenarien / GroupAL: an algorithm for group formation and quality evaluation of learning groups in e-learning scenarios
Authors: Konert Johannes , Burlak Dmitrij , Göbel Stefan , Steinmetz Ralf 
Published: April 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der Wissensaustausch Lernender untereinander ist für E-Learning-Systeme und computer-gestütztes Lernen generell ein wichtiger Baustein zur Förderung der Motivation, der Lernzielerreichung sowie der Verbesserung der Problemlösekompetenz. Die positiven Effekte dieses Austausches hängen jedoch stark von der Eignung der Lernpartner in einer gebildeten Lerngruppe ab. In diesem Artikel werden Kriterienkategorien vorgestellt, die ein Gruppenformationsalgorithmus für Lerngruppen berücksichtigen sollte, sowie die existierenden algorithmischen Lösungen verwandter Arbeiten. Für die gleichzeitige Berücksichtigung aller dieser Kriterien wird der Algorithmus GroupAL vorgestellt. Dieser erlaubt beispielsweise die Verwendung mehrdimensionaler Kriterien, die wahlweise homogen oder heterogen ausgeprägt sein sollen, sowie die Bildung einheitlich guter Gruppen einer gesamten Kohorte von Lernenden. Die GroupAL-Architektur ermöglicht die Verwendung verschiedener Algorithmen zur Gruppenformation und definiert ein normiertes Gütemaß für Lerngruppen, welches den Vergleich verschiedener Gruppenformationen über Kriterienvariationen und Kohortenänderungen hinweg erlaubt. Die abschließend dargestellte Evaluation zeigt, dass GroupAL unter den gewählten Bedingungen bessere Ergebnisse liefert als bisherige Ansätze und umfassendere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten zur Lerngruppenbildung bietet.