bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Fluorescence Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis – Animal Studies and Clinical Applications
Authors: Wunder Andreas , Ebert Bernd 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionNon‐Invasive Fluorescence Imaging Techniques and Fluorescent Imaging AgentsExperimental Studies in Arthritis ModelsNonspecific Fluorescent Imaging Agents in Arthritis ModelsTargeted Fluorescent Imaging Agents in Arthritis ModelsActivatable Fluorescent Imaging Agents in Arthritis ModelsMonitoring Cell Migration in Arthritis ModelsClinical ApplicationsCritical Overview of Fluorescence Imaging in Arthritis
Diffuse Optical Tomography of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Jiang Huabei 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Motivation

Diffuse Optical Tomography Imaging of Osteoarthritis in the Hands

DOT
and Hybrid
X
‐Ray–
DOT
Systems

DOT
Reconstruction Methods

Reconstructed Results

Diffuse Model Versus Transport Model

Image‐Guided Optical Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of
OA

Future Directions
Early Detection of Cataracts
Authors: Ansari Rafat R. , Datiles Manuel B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areVisual Acuity TestingOphthalmologic Clinical ExaminationsHand‐Held Light ExaminationOphthalmoscopySlit‐Lamp ExaminationSlit‐Lamp Photography of the Lens and Grading of CataractsModified Slit‐Lamp PhotographyScheimpflug CamerasRetroilluminationNew Methods Under DevelopmentOptical Coherence TomographyRaman Spectroscopy for the Detection of CataractAutofluoresence for the Detection of CataractWavefront in Cataract DetectionMagnetic Resonance Imaging and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the LensDynamic Light Scattering (DLS)Conclusion
Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Salam Adzura , Wolf Sebastian , Framme Carsten 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are common microvascular complications in patients with diabetes.

DR and DME are the leading causes of blindness in the adult population.

The traditional method diagnosing DME is based on slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and stereo fundus photography.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to access various pathologic findings on qualitative and quantitative levels, and also abnormal morphology of retinal layers.

Pathologic changes in DME can be assessed by OCT. These include epiretinal membrane formation, retinal swelling, cystoid macular edema, subretinal fluid accumulation, and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy.

High‐resolution spectral‐domain OCT (SD‐OCT) imaging allows one not only to analyze structural changes in DME, but also to differentiate as many as 11 structural characteristic layers within the retina.

SD‐OCT imaging enables us to assess the status of the photoreceptor layers in DME and appears to be a good prognostic feature for visual improvement after treatment for DME.
Assessment of Infant Brain Development
Authors: Roche‐Labarbe Nadege , Grant P. Ellen , Franceschini Maria Angela 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTechniquesMeasurement of Local Oxy‐ and Deoxyhemoglobin ConcentrationsLocal Cerebral Blood Flow MeasurementEstimates of Cerebral Metabolic Rate of OxygenFunctional and Cognitive StudiesBaseline Hemodynamic Assessment and Clinical ApplicationsConclusion and Perspectives
Endovenous Laser Therapy – Application Studies, Clinical Update, and Innovative Developments
Authors: Sroka Ronald , Schmedt Claus‐Georg 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Endovenous laser therapy (ELT) was introduced in clinical practice as a therapy for incompetent veins about 10 years ago. One characteristic of ELT is the broad spectrum of different treatment protocols by means of a variety of laser systems together with manifold application forms. A variety of light dosimetric concepts are under investigation. Endoluminal laser treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins of patients suffering from varicosis is a promising new procedure offering fewer side effects than conventional surgical stripping methods. Clinical results with effective, relatively pain‐free occlusion of incompetent varicose veins have been observed, and also undesired side effects such as ecchymosis, phlebitis, and recanalization. In recent years, systematic experimental investigations and the analysis of clinical results have increased the understanding of the interrelation between the clinical and physical aspects, followed by continuous optimization of ELT. The use of infrared wavelengths and radial irradiation concepts, together with continuous moving of the optical fiber, seems to reduce possible side effects. In this way, ELT treatment becomes a more standardized effective method for the treatment of varicose veins. In future, randomized controlled studies are required to compare optimized ELT treatment with other endoluminal modalities and conventional surgery.
Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Caldas Diogo L. , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionCurrent Lasers Used in Refractive SurgeryThe Excimer LaserThe Femtosecond LaserRefractive Surgery TechniquesSurface AblationPRKTransepithelialPRKLASEKEpiLASIKLASIKMechanical MicrokeratomeLASIKFemtosecond LaserLASIKCustom Corneal Ablations
Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Eckert Stephan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Laser Systems

Mechanisms of Action

Methods of Treatment

Indications for Laser Trabeculoplasty

Contraindications for Laser Trabeculoplasty

Effectiveness of Laser Trabeculoplasty

Complications After Laser Trabeculoplasty

Conclusion
Diagnostic Imaging and Spectroscopy
Authors: Fried Daniel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areCaries DetectionOptical Properties of Dental Hard TissueOptical Properties of Dental Hard Tissue in the Visible and Near‐Infrared RegionsOptical Properties of Sound Enamel and DentinOptical Property Changes of Demineralized EnamelOptical Properties of Dental Hard Tissue in theIRregionReflectance SpectroscopyOptical TransilluminationOptical Coherence TomographyFluorescence ImagingQuantitative Light Fluorescence (QLF)DIAGNOdent (Porphyrin Fluorescence)Other Fluorescence‐Based Imaging MethodsThermal ImagingInfrared SpectroscopyRaman Spectroscopy and ImagingUltrasound and Terahertz Imaging
Optical Coherence Tomography in Dentistry
Authors: Gladkova Natalia D. , Fomina Yulia.V. , Kiseleva Elena B. , Karabut Maria M. , Robakidze Natalia S. , Muraev Alexander A. , Radenska‐Lopovok Stefka G. , Maslennikova Anna V. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Hard Tooth Tissues

Periodontal Tissues

Oral Cavity Mucosa

OCT
Images of Labial Salivary Glands in Norm and Pathology

Acknowledgments
Photothermal Radiometry and Modulated Luminescence: Applications for Dental Caries Detection
Authors: Garcia Jose A. , Mandelis Andreas , Abrams Stephen H. , Matvienko Anna 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTheoretical ModelingDepth ProfilometryPits and Fissures Caries DetectionInterproximal Caries DetectionEarly Lesion DetectionRecent DevelopmentsConclusion
Applications of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging in Pharmaceutics
Authors: Gowen Aoife A. , Amigo José M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areThe New Paradigm of Process ControlOverview of Spectroscopic Techniques Commonly UsedThe Need for Multivariate Data AnalysisPre‐ProcessingExploration TechniquesRegression, Resolution and Classification TechniquesImage Processing TechniquesApplications in Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring and Quality ControlSpray FormulationsPowdersPolymorphismSolid Dosage FormsRoot Cause AnalysisAPIDistributionCoatingsCounterfeit IdentificationHigh Throughput AnalysisIssues Facing the Implementation of Spectroscopic Techniques in the Pharmaceutical IndustrySamplingSpatial ResolutionRepresentativeness of the Measured SurfaceIrregularities in the Measured SurfaceConclusionsAcknowledgements
Quality Control in Food Processing
Authors: Fagan Colette C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe application of photonics to quality control in food processing can assist food processors in achieving their goal of a high quality and consistent food product. Technologies which have been employed include near‐infrared, mid‐infrared, Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy. Four broad areas of application of these technologies in food processing are reviewed. They are quality, safety, authenticity and process control applications.
Application of Optical Methods for Quality and Process Control of Topically Applied Actives in Cosmetics and Dermatology
Authors: Lademann Juergen , Meinke Martina C. , Darvin Maxim E. , Fluhr Joachim W. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Laser Scanning Microscopy

Fluorescence Measurements

Remission Measurements

Multiphoton Measurements

Raman Spectroscopic Measurements

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Conclusions
Body Scanner
Authors: May Torsten , Meyer Hans‐Georg 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionX‐Ray TechniquesOverviewPhysical and Technical BackgroundBackscatter ImagingTransmission ImagingMillimeter Wave Electronic TechniquesOverviewPhysical and Technical BackgroundActive ImagingPassive ImagingSub‐Millimeter Wave (Terahertz) Photonic TechniquesOverviewPhysical and Technical BackgroundActive ImagingPassive ImagingConclusion and Outlook
Feasibility study of analgesia via epidural versus continuous wound infusion after laparoscopic colorectal resection
Authors: Boulind C E , Ewings P , Bulley S H , Reid J M , Jenkins J T , Blazeby J M , Francis N K 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
With the adoption of enhanced recovery and emerging new modalities of analgesia after laparoscopic colorectal resection (LCR), the role of epidural analgesia has been questioned. This pilot trial assessed the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing epidural analgesia and use of a local anaesthetic wound infusion catheter (WIC) following LCR.

Methods
Between April 2010 and May 2011, patients undergoing elective LCR in two centres were randomized to analgesia via epidural or WIC. Sham procedures were used to blind surgeons, patients and outcome assessors. The primary outcome was the feasibility of a large RCT, and all outcomes for a definitive trial were tested. The success of blinding was assessed using a mixed-methods approach.

Results
Forty-five patients were eligible, of whom 34 were randomized (mean(s.d.) age 70(11·8) years). Patients were followed up per-protocol; there were no deaths, and five patients had a total of six complications. Challenges with capturing pain data were identified and resolved. Mean(s.d.) pain scores on the day of discharge were 1·9(3·1) in the epidural group and 0·7(0·7) in the WIC group. Median length of stay was 4 (range 2–35, interquartile range 3–5) days. Mean use of additional analgesia (intravenous morphine equivalents) was 12 mg in the WIC arm and 9 mg in the epidural arm. Patient blinding was successful in both arms. Qualitative interviews suggested that patients found participation in the trial acceptable and that they would consider participating in a future trial.

Conclusion
A blinded RCT investigating the role of epidural and WIC administration for postoperative analgesia following LCR is feasible. Rigorous standard operating procedures for data collection are required.
Preoperative detection and predictors of level V lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Shim M J , Roh J-L , Gong G , Choi K-J , Lee J H , Cho S-H , Nam S Y , Kim S Y 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. Metastasis to the posterior neck, level V, is uncommon, and level V lymphadenectomy may lead to spinal accessory nerve injury and associated postoperative morbidities. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficiency of preoperative ultrasonography and to identify predictors of level V metastasis in patients with PTC.

Methods
This study involved patients with previously untreated PTC that had metastasized to the lateral neck, and who underwent total thyroidectomy with central and lateral neck dissection. Histopathological findings were compared with ultrasound results for various neck levels. Clinical and histopathological factors that predicted level V metastasis were identified.

Results
Of 143 patients, 26 (18·2 per cent) had lymph node metastasis at level V. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ultrasonography for level V metastasis were 46·2 and 30·0 per cent respectively. Univariable analysis showed that male sex, extranodal disease extension, a metastatic lymph node ratio in the ipsilateral lateral neck of more than 0·2, and simultaneous involvement of ipsilateral levels II–IV or level III were associated with ipsilateral level V metastasis. Multivariable analysis revealed an independent association between macroscopic extranodal disease extension and level V metastasis (odds ratio 26·05, 95 per cent confidence interval 5·63 to 120·56; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Preoperative ultrasonography frequently failed to detect level V metastasis in patients with metastatic PTC. Level V lymphadenectomy may be considered in patients with lymph node metastasis in the ipsilateral lateral neck with macroscopic extranodal extension.
Toward a highly‐detailed 3D pelvic model: Approaching an ultra‐specific level for surgical simulation and anatomical education
Authors: Kraima A.C. , Smit N.N. , Jansma D. , Wallner C. , Bleys R.L.A.W. , Velde C.J.H. van de , Botha C.P. , DeRuiter M.C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe surgical anatomy of the pelvis is highly complex. Anorectal and urogenital dysfunctions occur frequently after pelvic oncological surgery and are mainly caused by surgical damage of the autonomic nerves. A highly‐detailed 3D pelvic model could increase the anatomical knowledge and form a solid basis for a surgical simulation system. Currently, pelvic surgeons still rely on the preoperative interpretation of 2D diagnostic images. With a 3D simulation system, pelvic surgeons could simulate and train different scenes to enhance their preoperative knowledge and improve surgical outcome. To substantially enrich pelvic surgery and anatomical education, such a system must provide insight into the relation between the autonomic network, the lymphatic system, and endopelvic fasciae. Besides CT and MR images, Visible Human Datasets (VHDs) are widely used for 3D modeling, due to the high degree of anatomical detail represented in the cryosectional images. However, key surgical structures cannot be fully identified using VHDs and radiologic imaging techniques alone. Several unsolved anatomical problems must be elucidated as well. Therefore, adequate analysis on a microscopic level is inevitable. The development of a comprehensive anatomical atlas of the pelvis is no straightforward task. Such an endeavor involves several anatomical and technical challenges. This article surveys all existing 3D pelvic models, focusing on the level of anatomical detail. The use of VHDs in the 3D reconstruction of a highly‐detailed pelvic model and the accompanying anatomical challenges will be discussed Clin. Anat., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple Zeolite Structures from One Ionic Liquid Template
Authors: Martínez Blanes José María , Szyja Bartłomiej M. , Romero‐Sarria Francisca , Centeno Miguel Ángel , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Odriozola José Antonio , Ivanova Svetlana 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study reports the use of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium methanesulfonate ionic liquid as a template in the synthesis of zeolites. It is found that the silicon source determines the formation of beta (BEA), mordenite framework inverted (MFI), or analcime (ANA) zeolites. Depending on this source, different preorganized complexes are obtained that drive the formation of the different zeolite structures. In the presence of ethanol, the ionic liquid form preorganized complexes that drive the formation of MFI. In its absence, BEA is obtained. Whereas, the large amount of sodium present when using sodium metasilicate leads to ANA formation. A molecular simulation study of the relative stability of the template‐framework system and location of the template provides further insight into the mechanism of synthesis.
Cooperative Effects in Catalytic Hydrogenation Regulated by both the Cation and Anion of an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Zhu Wenwen , Yu Yinyin , Yang Hanmin , Hua Li , Qiao Yunxiang , Zhao Xiuge , Hou Zhenshan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe use of transition‐metal nanoparticles/ionic liquid (IL) as a thermoregulated and recyclable catalytic system for hydrogenation has been investigated under mild conditions. The functionalized ionic liquid was composed of poly(ethylene glycol)‐functionalized alkylimidazolium as the cation and tris(meta‐sulfonatophenyl)phosphine ([P(C6H4‐m‐SO3)3]3−) as the anion. Ethyl acetate was chosen as the thermomorphic solvent to avoid the use of toxic organic solvents. Due to a cooperative effect regulated by both the cation and anion of the ionic liquid, the nanocatalysts displayed distinguished temperature‐dependent phase behavior and excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, coupled with high stability. In the hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, the ionic‐liquid‐stabilized palladium and rhodium nanoparticles exhibited higher selectivity for the hydrogenation of the CC bonds than commercially available catalysts (Pd/C and Rh/C). We believe that the anion of the ionic liquid, [P(C6H4‐m‐SO3)3]3−, plays a role in changing the surrounding electronic characteristics of the nanoparticles through its coordination capacity, whereas the poly(ethylene glycol)‐functionalized alkylimidazolium cation is responsible for the thermomorphic properties of the nanocatalyst in ethyl acetate. The present catalytic systems can be employed for the hydrogenation of a wide range of substrates bearing different functional groups. The catalysts could be easily separated from the products by thermoregulated phase separation and efficiently recycled ten times without significant changes in their catalytic activity.
Pd‐Catalyzed Ring Assembly by Vinylation and Intramolecular Heck Coupling: A Versatile Strategy Towards Functionalized Azadibenzocyclooctynes
Authors: Jäger Michael , Görls Helmar , Günther Wolfgang , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new modular approach based on Pd‐catalyzed CC bond formation is presented for the assembly of a benzannulated azocine scaffold, the key intermediate in the synthesis of functionalized azadibenzocyclooctynes (aza‐DIBOs). The intramolecular ring‐closing Heck coupling was investigated by variation of the CX bond. The reaction rate is limited by the initial oxidative addition step and the regiochemistry strongly depends on the auxiliary phosphine. Under optimized conditions, the 8‐endo regioisomer was obtained in 71 % yield over two steps (with no protecting group chemistry) or in one pot, inclusive of CN bond formation. The practical generation of the octyne triple bond of a prototypical N‐benzoyl aza‐DIBO, without the need for chromatographic purification, is also described. The structural features, including those of the ring‐strained cyclic octyne, were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The high reactivity of the N‐benzoyl aza‐DIBO synthesized is demonstrated in a strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction with an alkyl azide (k=0.38 M−1 s−1).
Formation and Characterization of Melam, Melam Hydrate, and a Melam–Melem Adduct
Authors: Wirnhier Eva , Mesch Maria B. , Senker Jürgen , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUntil recently, melam, [C3N3(NH2)2]2NH, has been regarded as a short‐lived intermediate in the condensation process of melamine that is only detectable under special reaction conditions owing to its high reactivity. A new synthetic approach has allowed a closer look at the formation and condensation behavior of melam by using elevated ammonia pressure in autoclaves. Whereas the thermal treatment of dicyandiamide at 450 °C and 0.2 MPa ammonia yielded melam in large amounts, prolonged treatment under these conditions (9 days) led to the formation of a melam–melem adduct, thus enabling the first insight into the condensation process of melam into melem. The hydrothermal treatment of melam at 300 °C (24 h) yields melam hydrate, [C3N3(NH2)2]2NH⋅2 H2O (space group P21/c; a=676.84(2), b=1220.28(4), c=1394.24(4) pm; β=98.372(2)°; V=1139.28(6)×106 pm3; Z=4), which crystallizes as a layered structure that is composed of almost‐planar melam molecules, thereby forming ellipsoidal rosette‐like motifs. The resulting voids are filled with four water molecules, thus forming a dense network of hydrogen bonds.
Pre‐Calibrated Biosensors for Single‐Use Applications
Authors: Moser Isabella , Jobst Gerhard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBioprocess development and fermentation control would benefit from a timely knowledge of metabolic parameters, e.g., glucose, glutamine, and lactate concentration etc., enabling adequate intervention, maximizing product yield, and providing process analytical tools for reliable and traceable bioprocessing in the context of process analytical technology. A polymer laminate technology based microsytem comprising integrated pre‐calibrated electrochemical biosensors for the simultaneous monitoring of lactate, glucose, glutamine, and glutamate in a 0.15‐μL flow‐through cell for process monitoring and control is presented. Flexible manufacturing technologies used for these devices allow a cost effective customization of them.
hMSC Production in Disposable Bioreactors with Regards to GMP and PAT
Authors: Cierpka Katharina , Elseberg Christiane L. , Niss Knut , Kassem Moustapha , Salzig Denise , Czermak Peter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractReactor concepts for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) production are introduced. Thereby, special interest is laid on the realization of these concepts as disposables fulfilling the GMP and PAT requirements. The specialty of the hMSC production process is the cell itself being the product. This results in completely different process requirements compared to e.g. protein production in mammalian cells. Thus, great attention has to be given to the shear sensitivity of the cells. The cultivation and the harvest of the cells have to be very gentle to neither influence cell viability nor cell differentiability. Further, the production process should not cause any undesirable cell changes. For hMSC production, cell harvest is the main challenging process step. The reactor concepts should be suitable for hMSC production for clinical trials as ATMPs. Therefore, disposable systems are especially applicable. The review describes more detailed bone marrow‐derived hMSC production in a disposable stirred tank reactor as promising reactor concept.