bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of overweight/obesity on response to periodontal treatment: systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Reichert Christoph , Jäger Andreas , Deschner James 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to investigate whether the response to periodontal treatment differs among obese, overweight or normal‐weight patients.Materials & MethodsBoth randomized and non‐randomized studies were identified from searches up to July 2013. Risk of bias was assessed with the Downs‐Black checklist, the Cochrane tool and the GRADE framework. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with random‐effects meta‐analyses in subgroups for systemically healthy and diabetic patients.ResultsA total of 15 studies including 867 patients were included. No significant difference was found for any clinical periodontal parameter between overweight/obese and normal‐weight patients. Periodontal treatment in systemically healthy overweight/obese patients was associated with higher decrease in TNFα levels (1 study) and higher decrease in HbA1c levels (1 study) compared to systemically healthy normal‐weight patients. Contrary to diabetic normal‐weight patients, periodontal treatment in diabetic overweight/obese patients was associated with an increase in adiponectin levels (2 studies) and a decrease in leptin levels (2 studies). However, the quality of existing evidence is low due to inconsistency, imprecision and lack of studies.ConclusionsWhereas no difference was found in clinical periodontal parameters, significant differences in inflammatory or metabolic parameters were found between overweight/obese and normal‐weight patients, but existing evidence is weak.
Conditions simulating androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Rossi A. , Iorio A. , Di Nunno D. , Priolo L. , Fortuna M.C. , Garelli V. , Carlesimo M. , Calvieri S. , Mari E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss, characterized by a progressive hair follicular miniaturization, caused by androgen hormones on a genetically susceptible hair follicle, in androgenic‐dependent areas. Characteristic phenotype of androgenetic alopecia is also observed in many other hair disorders. These disorders are androgenetic‐like diseases that cause many differential diagnosis or therapeutic error problems. The objective of this review was to systematically analyse the greatest number of conditions that mimic the AGA pattern and explain their disease pathogenesis.
Obesity and its association with comorbidities and hospital charges among patients hospitalized for dental conditions
Authors: Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Rampa Sankeerth , Anamali Sindhura , Lee Min Kyeong , Allareddy Veerajalandhar , Nalliah Romesh P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to examine the impact of obesity on hospitalization charges and comorbid burden following hospitalization due to dental conditions.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2004–2010 was used. All hospitalizations due to dental conditions were selected. The prevalence of obesity was estimated among these hospitalizations. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the impact of obesity on outcomes.ResultsA total of 11 965 hospitalizations were attributed to dental conditions; 5.6% were related to obesity. The proportion of those who were obese increased over the study period (ranging from 3.7% in 2004 to 7.3% in 2010). The mean age of those who were obese was 45 years (compared to 38.7 years for those who were not obese). Close to 41% of those who were obese were males (compared to 51% who were not obese). Whites comprised 62.4% of those who were obese (compared to 59.2% of those who were not obese). Those who were obese had a higher comorbid burden compared to those who were not obese (83.5% of those who were obese had at least one comorbid condition, whereas 56.4% of those who were not obese had at least one comorbid condition). Those who were obese had higher hospitalization charges ($US2225 more, P = 0.0001).ConclusionsObesity is associated with high comorbid burden and hospital charges among patients hospitalized due to dental conditions.
Criticality of the Geological Zinc, Tin, and Lead Family
Authors: Harper E. M. , Kavlak Goksin , Burmeister Lara , Eckelman Matthew J. , Erbis Serkan , Sebastian Espinoza Vicente , Nuss Philip , Graedel T. E. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryConcerns about the future availability and continuity of metal supplies have triggered research efforts to define and assess metal criticality. In this study, we apply a comprehensive methodology to the elements of the geological zinc, tin, and lead family: zinc (Zn); germanium (Ge); cadmium (Cd); indium (In); tin (Sn); and lead (Pb). Zn, Sn, and Pb have played important roles in various technological sectors for centuries, whereas Ge, Cd, and In are by‐product metals that are increasingly utilized in emerging and strategic technologies. Criticality assessments are made on national (i.e., the United States) and global levels for 2008. The results are presented with uncertainty estimates in three‐dimensional “criticality space,” comprised of supply risk (SR), environmental implications, and vulnerability to supply restriction (VSR) axes. SR is the highest for In for both the medium (i.e., five to ten years) and long term (i.e., a few decades). Pb and Zn have the lowest SR for the medium term and Pb the lowest SR for the long term. In and Ge production have the highest environmental burdens, mainly as a result of emissions from Zn smelting and subsequent metals purification and recovery from Zn leaching residues. VSR is highest for Pb at the global and national levels.
The structural and compositional transition of the meniscal roots into the fibrocartilage of the menisci
Authors: Andrews Stephen H. J. , Rattner Jerome B. , Jamniczky Heather A. , Shrive Nigel G. , Adesida Adetola B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe meniscal roots, or insertional ligaments, firmly attach the menisci to tibial plateau. These strong attachments anchor the menisci and allow for the generation of hoop stress in the tissue. The meniscal roots have a ligament‐like structure that transitions into the fibrocartilagenous structure of the meniscal body. The purpose of this study was to carry out a complete analysis of the structure and tissue organization from the body of the meniscus through the transition region and into the insertional roots. Serial sections were obtained from the meniscal roots into the meniscal body in fixed juvenile bovine menisci. Sections were stained for collagen and proteoglycans (PG) using fast green and safranin‐o staining protocols. Unstained sections were imaged used a backlit stereo microscope. Optical projection tomography (OPT) was employed to evaluate the three‐dimensional collagen architecture of the root–meniscus transition in lapine menisci. Tie‐fibres were observed in the sections of the ligaments furthest from the bovine meniscal body. Blood vessels were observed to be surrounded by these tie‐fibres and a PG‐rich region within the ligaments. Near the tibial insertion, the roots contained large ligament‐like collagen fascicles. In sections approaching the meniscus, there was an increase in tie‐fibre size and density. Small tie‐fibres extended into the ligament from the epiligamentous structure in the outermost sections of the meniscal roots, while large tie‐fibre bundles were apparent at the meniscus transition. The staining pattern indicates that the root may continue into the outer portion of the meniscus where it then blends with the more fibrocartilage‐like inner portions of the tissue. In unstained sections it was observed that the femoral side of the epiligamentous structure surrounding the root becomes more fibrous and thickens in the inferior inner portion of the posterior medial root. This thickening changes the shape of the root to more closely resemble the meniscus wedge shape. These observations support the concept of root continuity with the outer portion of the meniscus, thereby connecting with the hoop‐like structure of the peripheral meniscus. OPT identified continuous collagen organization from the root into the meniscal body in longitudinal sections. In the radial direction, the morphology of the root continues into the meniscal body consistent with the serially sectioned bovine menisci. Blood vessels were prevalent on the periphery of the root. These blood vessels then arborized to cover the anterior femoral surface of the meniscus. This is the first study of the structural transition between the insertional ligaments (roots) and the fibrocartilagenous body of the menisci. These new structural details are important to understanding the meniscal load‐bearing mechanism in the knee.
A Socioemotional Wealth Approach to CEO Career Horizons in Family Firms
Authors: Strike Vanessa M. , Berrone Pascual , Sapp Stephen G. , Congiu Lorenzo 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper challenges the predominant view that as CEOs near retirement, they forgo risky long‐term strategic choices and instead focus on decisions that enhance their own short‐term self‐interests. Drawing on the socioemotional wealth (SEW) literature, we argue that unlike near‐retirement CEOs in widely held firms, near‐retirement CEOs in family firms are more concerned about transgenerational control and the legacy that they pass on to future generations. We further contend that the priority of SEW dimensions can change within family firms depending on the CEO's time to retirement. Consequently, near‐retirement CEOs in family firms differ from their counterparts in non‐family firms in that they are willing to continue to engage in international acquisitions as they approach retirement, despite the potential short‐term risks. We further hypothesize that this effect depends on whether the CEO is a family member, whether the CEO is succeeded by another family member, and whether the CEO is the founder. In analysing 3432 family and non‐family firm‐year observations from the S&P 500 for the period between 1997 and 2009, we find support for our hypotheses. Subsequent analyses indicate that near retirement, family CEOs acquire larger and culturally closer targets than their non‐family counterparts. Our paper confirms the need to more fully consider the characteristics of owners and managers in analyses of the CEO career horizon problem.
Effect of the tongue rotation exercise training on the oral functions in normal adults – Part 1 investigation of tongue pressure and labial closure strength
Authors: Arakawa I. , Koide K. , Takahashi M. , Mizuhashi F. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the tongue rotation exercise training on the oral functions using the measurement of maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and labial closure strength (LCS) in normal adults. In experiment 1, the differences in MTP and LCS at the measurement point for both groups with and without tongue rotation exercise training were examined. We instructed subjects to perform the tongue rotation exercise for 2 months. We measured MTP and LCS at the point before training and at the points of 1 and 2 months after the beginning of training. In experiment 2, the changes of MTP and LCS based on the sex differences and the measurement points in training were examined. We instructed subjects to perform the tongue rotation exercise for 3 months, and measured MTP and LCS at the point before training and at the points of 2 weeks and 1, 2 and 3 months after the beginning of training. The results of experiment 1 showed MTP and LCS increased with the progress of continuous training. The results of experiment 2 showed MTP and LCS were always higher in men than in women and increased significantly at 2 weeks of training in both sexes (P < 0.01). These results might be suggested that the tongue rotation exercise training was effective for the recovery of the activity of the stomatognathic system.
Gender, Generational Status, and Parent–Adolescent Sexual Communication: Implications for Latino/a Adolescent Sexual Behavior
Authors: Deutsch Arielle R. , Crockett Lisa J. 
Published: January 2015

There is little research on how specific parent–adolescent sexual communication topics influence Latino/a youth's sexual behaviors, and how gender and generational status may moderate effects. This study examined effects of three different messages on intercourse and condom use among 1,944 Latino/as from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (T1 mean age = 15.46; SD = 1.50). Results indicated discussing health consequences predicted higher odds of intercourse 1 year later across gender and generation groups. Birth control recommendation effects on subsequent intercourse and condom use differed by generational status and gender. Results indicated that message content is important for understanding effects of parent–adolescent sex communication on adolescents' behavior and underscored the need to consider gender and generational status in Latino/a parent–adolescent sexual communication studies.
Antimicrobial Activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides Essential Oils Against Phytophthora megakarya
Authors: Nana Wakam Louise , Eke Pierre , Fokom Raymond , Bakanrga‐Via Issakou , Begoude Didier , Tchana Tertuleine , Tchameni Nguemezi Séverin , Kuate Jean , Menut Chantal , Fekam Boyom Fabrice 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of dried fruits and buds of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides (Z. xanthoxyloides) and Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum or clove), respectively, against Phytophthora megakarya (P. megakarya). Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their composition was determined by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) of the essential oils against P. megakarya were assessed by the Agar dilution method. The in vivo efficacy study consisted of spraying the essential oil emulsions on cocoa pod husk pieces (CPHP), followed by the inoculation with P. megakarya zoospores. The hydrodistillation yielded 10.54 and 1.89% of essential oils for S. aromaticum and Z. xanthoxyloides, respectively. Both oils were mainly made up of oxygenated monoterpenes (89.58 and 88.2%, respectively). Eugenol (83.02%) and eugenyl acetate (9.15%) were the main components of clove oil while α‐citronelol (25.83%) and trans‐geraniol (16.49%) were mostly found in the Z. xanthoxyloides oil. Clove oil exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity with a MIC of 250 μl/l than Z. xanthoxyloides with MIC of 350 μl/l. The symptoms were totally suppressed on pod husk treated with clove oil at 2000 μl/l. The decrease in the growth rate of the necrosis (GRN) and the sporulation of P. megakarya (PS) on cocoa husk after the successful infection was significant after the treatment with essential oils. These results are promising and indicate that the studied essential oils might be further investigated as natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of cocoa black pod diseases.
The Science of Philosophy
Authors: McGinn Colin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIf philosophy consists of conceptual analysis, is it thereby debarred from being a science? This article argues that it is not and that philosophy so conceived is a science. The argument takes the form of careful attention to the meaning of “science,” “experiment,” “empirical,” and related words. Philosophy is a formal science. This does not mean it is not part of the humanities. The role of observation in other kinds of science is investigated. There is more methodological homogeneity in the various sciences, including philosophy, than has been recognized, despite some clear differences. Seeing this helps restore philosophy to its rightful place in the academic firmament.
Which Are the Genuine Properties?
Authors: Rives Bradley 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article considers three views about which properties are genuine. According to the first view, we should look to successful commonsense and scientific explanations in determining which properties are genuine. On this view, predicates that figure in such explanations thereby pick out genuine properties. According to the second view, the only predicates that pick out genuine properties are those that figure in our best scientific explanations. On this view, predicates that figure in commonsense explanations pick out genuine properties only if such explanations are vindicated by the sciences. According to the third view, the only genuine properties are the fundamental, microphysical ones. On this view, although there are “higher‐level” predicates that figure in true commonsense and scientific explanations, there are no “higher‐level” properties corresponding to such predicates. The article argues that the third view is superior to the others.
The Functional Complexity of Scientific Evidence
Authors: Brown Matthew J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article sketches the main features of traditional philosophical models of evidence, indicating idealizations in such models that it regards as doing more harm than good. It then proceeds to elaborate on an alternative model of evidence that is functionalist, complex, dynamic, and contextual, a view the author callsdynamic evidential functionalism(DEF). This alternative builds on insights from philosophy of scientific practice,Kuhnian philosophy of science, pragmatist epistemology, philosophy of experimentation, and functionalist philosophy of mind. Along the way, the article raises concerns about the total evidence condition, requirements of certainty or incorrigibility on evidence, and accounts that restrict the type of things that can serve as evidence (to, for example, sense data, facts about particulars).DEFcan also help us see the special value of novel predictions and experiments as evidence, as well as help us think about how to critically evaluate the putative evidence to determine whether itisevidence.
The relationship with the ambulance clinicians as experienced by significant others
Authors: Holmberg Mats , Forslund Kerstin , Wahlberg Anna Carin , Fagerberg Ingegerd 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundInterpersonal relationships between clinicians and patients are important aspects of the ambulance care, requiring a balance between objectified acute medical treatment and a holistic care. Being a significant other (SO) in the ambulance care setting is described as being caught between hope and dread. Little research has focused on SOs' experiences of the relationship with the ambulance clinicians.AimTo elucidate meanings of the relationship with the clinicians in the ambulance care setting as experienced by the patients' SOs.DesignQualitative lifeworld design.MethodsData was collected using open‐ended interviews with nine SOs. The verbatim transcribed interviews were analysed with a phenomenological hermeneutic method.FindingsThe structural analysis resulted in one main theme: ‘Being lonely together’. The main theme comprises three themes: ‘Being in a shared struggle’, ‘To hand over the affected person in trust’ and ‘Being the second person in focus’ and six subthemes. The main theme is for the SOs to share the struggles of the affected person with the ambulance clinicians and to be comforted while handing over the responsibility for the affected person. Hence the SO is excluded and lonely and on his/her own, while not the primary focus of the ambulance clinicians.ConclusionsThe relationship with the ambulance clinicians from the perspective of the SOs can be understood as complex, involving both being lonely and together at the same time. The findings support a holistic approach towards the ambulance care involving SOs.Relevance for clinical practiceThis study outlines the importance of an emergency ambulance care involving SOs as affected persons and supports a balance between emergency medical treatment to the patient and a holistic care, involving the SOs' suffering.
Plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity in an undiagnosed HIV‐positive patient
Authors: Tabbenor O. , Halai T. , Bailey E. , Coulthard P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma is an HIV‐associated non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that has a known effect on the oral cavity and jaws. A case is presented of oral plasmablastic lymphoma in an apparently medically well 38 year old male. The patient presented with a large mass fungating from the upper left second molar socket, 2 weeks following extraction. The presence of an exophytic soft tissue lesion in a socket shortly after extraction is an infrequent occurrence. Such lesions should be investigated appropriately as malignant lesions may clinically mimic the appearance of benign lesions.
Investigating a case of minor salivary malignancy: a report
Authors: Gopalraju P. , Prasad K. , Rau A. , Muniyappa S. , Kumar N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMyoepithelial carcinoma, also known as malignant myoepithelioma, is a rare locally aggressive primary salivary gland neoplasm. It is composed almost exclusively of neoplastic cells with myoepithelial differentiation and characterised by infiltrative growth and potential for distant metastasis. There is limited data on the natural history of this tumour including its metastatic potential due to the lack of large case series. We report a case of myoepithelial carcinoma of minor salivary gland with multiple skeletal metastasis.
Adult attachment insecurity and dyadic adjustment: The mediating role of self‐criticism
Authors: Martins Teresa C. , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Moreira Helena 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesAlthough it is well established that adult attachment is associated with relationship quality, the mechanisms involved in this association are still poorly understood. Individual variables that are shaped in early attachment experiences, such as self‐criticism, may be particularly important. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self‐criticism and self‐reassurance on the association between attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance and dyadic adjustment.Design and methodsAbout 230 individuals from a community sample completed an online battery of self‐report measures of adult attachment, dyadic adjustment, and forms of self‐criticism and self‐reassuring. A parallel mediation model was tested.ResultsData showed that attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with poorer dyadic adjustment through high levels of self‐criticism in the form of an inadequate self.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of targeting feelings of self‐inadequacy in couple therapy to promote better dyadic adjustment and relationship functioning. The innovative contribution of this work is the identification of a new mechanism underlying the association between adult attachment and dyadic functioning.Practitioner points

Self‐criticism in the form of an inadequate self mediates the association between attachment and dyadic adjustment.

Although correlated with attachment dimensions and dyadic adjustment, the hated self and the reassured self do not act as mediators of the relationship between attachment and dyadic adjustment.

It seems important to evaluate and address feelings of inadequacy in the context of couple therapy.