bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Bio-oil from Native Algae of Solani Aquaduct Roorkee
Authors: Soni N. K. , Varma A. K. , Mondal P. , Srivastava M. N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present paper deals with the production of bio-oil from algal biomass collected from Solani aqua-duct, Roorkee. The taxonomy of algal sample shows the dominance of
Effect of HDPE addition on the Pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO by Metallurgical Coke
Authors: Dankwah J.R. , Koshy P. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The effect of high density polyethylene (HDPE) addition on the pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO by metallurgical coke (Coke) has been investigated through experiments conducted in a laboratory horizontal tube furnace coupled with off-gas analysis through an infrared (IR) gas analyser. Composite pellets of Mn3O4 with Coke, HDPE and blends of Coke with HDPE (in three different proportions) were rapidly heated at 1150 °C under pure argon gas and the off gas was analysed continuously for CO, CO2 and CH4. The extent of pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO was then calculated by mass balance for removable oxygen. The results showed improvements in the extent of pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO when coke is blended with HDPE. The time for complete pre-reduction was found to decrease with an increase in the amount of HDPE that was blended with coke. A decrease in CO2 emissions was observed with HDPE addition.
Hot Deformation and Processing Maps of 7005 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Mingliang , Jin Peipeng , Wang Jinhui 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The deformation behavior of 7005 alloy was studied by hot compression tests. The processing map was constructed by superimposing the instability map over the power dissipation map at a strain of 0.7 using the corrected flow stress data to eliminate the effect of friction. Microstructural examination was performed for validation. It can be found that the flow stresses increase with the decrease of deformation temperature or the increase of strain rate. At the relatively high strain rates, the material exhibits flow instability manifesting as adiabatic shear bands or flow localization. A large volume of coarse precipitations distributing in the grain boundaries in one of the peak efficiency domains: 275–325 °C/0.0005–0.001 s−1, which may result in inter-granular corrosion and spalling layer, should be avoided in the final deformed alloy. The optimum hot working domain is the temperature range of 400–450 °C and strain rate range of 0.0005–0.005 s−1, at which DRX is identified.
Targeted Minimum Loss-Based Estimation of Causal Effects in Right-Censored Survival Data with Time-Dependent Covariates: Warfarin, Stroke, and Death in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Brooks Jordan C. , van der Laan Mark J. , Singer Daniel E. , Go Alan S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCausal effects in right-censored survival data can be formally defined as the difference in the marginal cumulative event probabilities under particular interventions. Conventional estimators, such as the Kaplan-Meier (KM), fail to consistently estimate these marginal parameters under dependent treatment assignment or dependent censoring. Several modern estimators have been developed that reduce bias under both dependent treatment assignment and dependent censoring by incorporating information from baseline and time-dependent covariates. In the present article we describe a recently developed targeted minimum loss-based estimation (TMLE) algorithm for general longitudinal data structures and present in detail its application in right-censored survival data with time-dependent covariates. The treatment-specific marginal cumulative event probability is defined via a series of iterated conditional expectations in a time-dependent counting process framework. The TMLE involves an initial estimator of each conditional expectation and sequentially updates these such that the resulting estimator solves the efficient influence curve estimating equation in the nonparametric statistical model. We describe the assumptions required for consistent estimation of statistical parameters and additional assumptions required for consistent estimation of the causal effect parameter. Using simulated right-censored survival data, the mean squared error, bias, and 95% confidence interval coverage probability of the TMLE is compared with those of the conventional KM and the inverse probability of censoring weight estimating equation, conventional maximum likelihood substitution estimator, and the double robustaugmented inverse probability of censoring weighted estimating equation. We conclude the article with estimation of the causal effect of warfarin medical therapy on the probability of “stroke or death” within a 1-year time frame using data from the ATRIA-1 observational cohort of persons with atrial fibrillation. Our results suggest that a fixed policy of warfarin treatment for all patients would result in 2% fewer deaths or strokes within 1-year as compared with a policy of withholding warfarin from all patients.
Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers: technology and applications
Authors: Poletti Francesco , Petrovich Marco N. , Richardson David J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Since the early conceptual and practical demonstrations in the late 1990s, Hollow-Core Photonic Band Gap Fibres (HC-PBGFs) have attracted huge interest by virtue of their promise to deliver a unique range of optical properties that are simply not possible in conventional fibre types. HC-PBGFs have the potential to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of solid fibres promising, for example, reduced transmission loss, lower nonlinearity, higher damage thresholds and lower latency, amongst others. They also provide a unique medium for a range of light: matter interactions of various forms, particularly for gaseous media. In this paper we review the current status of the field, including the latest developments in the understanding of the basic guidance mechanisms in these fibres and the unique properties they can exhibit. We also review the latest advances in terms of fibre fabrication and characterisation, before describing some of the most important applications of the technology, focusing in particular on their use in gas-based fibre optics and in optical communications.
Expression of defence-related genes against Phytophthora cinnamomi in five avocado rootstocks
Authors: Engelbrecht Juanita , Van den Berg Noëlani 
Published: November 2013

Avocado (Persea americana) – a major fruit crop worldwide – is threatened by root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This pathogen is known to infect the plant via the feeder roots leading to branch dieback, and eventually tree mortality. While it is known that different avocado rootstocks have varying degrees of susceptibility to Phytophthora root rot, little research has been done on the avocado–Phytophthora interaction. In this study, transcript abundance levels of defence-related genes coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, lipoxygenase, pathogenesis-related protein 5, endochitinase, gluthathionine S-transferase and metallothionein were characterised and compared among five rootstocks with varying susceptibility to root rot, after exposure to P. cinnamomi. Root samples were collected at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-infection and transcript abundance of the defence-related genes was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. The results indicated the involvement of PR-5 and endochitinase in the defence response of all avocado rootstocks to P. cinnamomi but these genes could not be directly linked to the observed phenotypic resistance. PR-5 and endochitinase were highly upregulated at 72 h post-infection. Differences in transcript abundance of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and lipoxygenase genes were seen when comparing tolerant and less tolerant rootstocks, which may suggest that transcripts of these genes contribute to resistance. These data provide important insights into plant defence and into how different avocado rootstocks may exhibit increased resistance to infection by P. cinnamomi.
Outcome of Enamel Matrix Derivative Treatment in the Presence of Chronic Stress: Histometric Study in Rats
Authors: Corrêa Mônica G. , Gomes Campos Mirella L. , Marques Marcelo Rocha , Bovi Ambrosano Glaucia Maria , Casati Marcio Z. , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A. 
Published: November 2013

Background: Psychologic stress and clinical hypercortisolism have been related to direct effects on bone metabolism. However, there is a lack of information regarding the outcomes of regenerative approaches under the influence of chronic stress (CS). Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used in periodontal regenerative procedures, resulting in improvement of clinical parameters. Thus, the aim of this histomorphometric study is to evaluate the healing of periodontal defects after treatment with EMD under the influence of CS in the rat model.Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups; G1: CS (restraint stress for 12 hours/day) (n = 10), and G2: not exposed to CS (n = 10). Fifteen days after initiation of CS, fenestration defects were created at the buccal aspect of the first mandibular molar of all animals from both groups. After the surgeries, the defects of each animal were randomly assigned to two subgroups: non‐treated control and treated with EMD. The animals were euthanized 21 days later.Results: G1 showed less bone density (BD) compared to G2. EMD provided an increased defect fill (DF) in G1 and higher BD and new cementum formation (NCF) in both groups. The number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts was significantly higher in G1 when compared to G2 and in EMD‐treated sites of both groups.Conclusions: CS may produce a significant detrimental effect on BD. EMD may provide greater DF compared to non‐treated control in the presence of CS and increased BD and NCF in the presence or absence of CS.
Air mobility of people and airport growth potential in regions of Russia
Authors: Ryazanov Vlas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe article is about Russian regional airports, air mobility of people in regions of Russia, geographical distribution and results of econometric forecasting of these figures based on demographic and economic factors. Also some historical reviews, a description of the current situation and international comparisons are provided. The research revealed that people’s income and investment (both current and accumulated) are the main factors affecting air transportation growth in the studied airports. In the long-term perspective air traffic of Russian airports can triple by 2030, while Russian air mobility figures can exceed the present ones in Western Europe.
Regulation of NLRP3 activation by the ubiquitin system
Authors: López-Castejón Gloria 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInflammasomes, molecular complexes activated in response to pathogens or injury, are involved in the activation and release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. Inflammasome activation is tightly controlled and its dysregulation is associated with the development of inflammatory disorders. Ubiquitination, the conjugation of ubiquitin to a protein, is a post-translational protein modification essential for a wide variety of cellular processes. What was initially considered to be just a signal for protein degradation has become a major regulator for signalling pathways that is also involved in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Similarly to the inflammasome, dysregulation of ubiquitin signalling is associated with the initiation and development of pathologies including immune disorders such as arthritis or lupus erythematous, highlighting the relevance of these systems in the inflammatory processes. How the ubiquitin system regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome is discussed here
Oxyhumolite influence on adsorption and desorption of phosphate on blast furnace slag in the process of two-stage selective adsorption of Cu(II) and phosphate
Authors: Kohutová Hana , Kostura Bruno , Kukutschová Jana , Matýsek Dalibor 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo-stage adsorption was used for selective removal of Cu(II) and phosphate from aqueous solutions. In the first stage, adsorption of Cu(II) and phosphate on oxyhumolite (OX) was examined. The pseudo second-order equation was found to be the best fit for the kinetic adsorption data. The adsorption capacity of OX for Cu(II) and phosphate depends on the adsorption time, the equilibrium pH influences only the adsorption of Cu(II). The high adsorption efficiency (E = 95 %, pH 3.5, 0.5 g of the solid sorbent and 50 cm3 of the solution, c = 4 mmol dm−3) of OX for Cu(II) is caused by the presence of humic acids (HA). In the second stage, blast furnace slag (BFS) and activated blast furnace slag (BFS-A) were used to remove phosphates. The presence of OX in the first stage positively influences the adsorption efficiency of sorbents in the second stage due to the soluble humic compounds and residues of humic acids (HA) which support the precipitation of Ca-phosphates on BFS and the ions exchange reactions on BFS-A. Adsorption equilibrium of phosphate on both slags at 298 K can be well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation. Desorption of Cu(II) from OX was around 70 %. The presence of OX in the first stage also influences the desorption of phosphate bound in the second stage. Desorption efficiency of both slags for phosphate was about 60 %.
Selection of surfactants as main components of ecological wetting agent for effective extinguishing of forest and peat-bog fires
Authors: Rakowska Joanna , Prochaska Krystyna , Twardochleb Bożena , Rojewska Monika , Porycka Bożenna , Jaszkiewicz Anna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe results of research into obtaining an ecological wetting agent for wildfires are presented. First, measurements of the equilibrium and dynamic surface tension for anionic and non-ionic commercial surfactants and their binary mixtures were conducted. Next, the parameters of adsorption facilitating a quantitative description of the process in both binary systems as well as single-component solutions were estimated. In addition, the static and dynamic contact angles on model surfaces with different hydrophobicity were studied (glass, polyethylene, pressed peat). In a few mixed systems, a synergism in reducing the critical micelle concentration and/or a synergy of the ability to wetting model surfaces was identified. Next, research into the sorptivity and wettability of peat (loose and pressed) was conducted. It was found that non-ionic and anionic surfactants exhibit different abilities in respect of foaming and moistening of peat. From an analysis of the preliminary results, the surface-active components were selected to obtain a wetting agent composition. The wettability and adsorption characteristics and an evaluation of the foaming ability using solutions of the prepared compositions were tested. The effectiveness of the wetting composition thus obtained was confirmed in the laboratory and in field firefighting. The test results confirmed the better wettability and sorptivity on peat and the effectivity for combating wildfires, compared with some typical commercial products.
Synthesis of new eburnamine-type alkaloid via direct hydroalkoxylation
Authors: Liu Xiong , Yang Dong-Liang , Liu Jia-Jia , Zhou Jing , Zhao Nana 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study concerns the preparation of a new eburnamine-type alkaloid, methyl (3α,14β,15β,16α)-17,18-didehydro-14,15-dihydroeburnamine-15-methoxy-14-carboxylate (VIII). This alkaloid was prepared from (+)-17,18-dehydroapovincamine (V) using Lewis acid and/or ion exchange resin as catalyst. The hydroalkoxylation reaction of V with methanol was investigated in terms of catalyst, solvent, temperature, and time of reaction. A one-pot method for synthetising this alkaloid was established. The optimal conditions for the reaction are discussed.
Effects of overseas adaption on job satisfaction of expatriates in textile industry
Authors: Chien-Hsiung Lin , Chich-Jen Shieh 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Opening a factory overseas requires a large amount of capitals and technical experiences, and the number of
native cadres expatriated overseas is also considerable. The relationships between Overseas Adaption and Job
Satisfaction of expatriates are worth research and exploration. This study, therefore, aims to discuss the effects of
Overseas Adaption on Job Satisfaction of expatriates in textile industry. The questionnaires for expatriates of Far
Eastern New Century are distributed and collected through mails. With convenience sampling, a total of 400 copies
are distributed and 263 valid ones are retrieved, with the retrieval rate of 66%. Based on the statistical analyses
with SPSS, the sample data are further proceeded with factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis,
and analysis of variance. The research findings show the significantly positive correlations between (1) Overseas
Adaption and Needs for Survival, (2) Overseas Adaption and Needs for Relatedness, and (3) Overseas Adaption
and Needs for Growth; and (4) the correlations between Overseas Adaption and Job Satisfaction show remarkable
differences in personal attributes.
A severe case of Hirayama disease successfully treated by anterior cervical fusion
Authors: Paredes Igor , Esteban Jesus , Ramos Ana , Gonzalez Pedro , Rivas Juan José 
Published: November 2013

Hirayama disease, or juvenile amyotrophy of distal upper extremity, is a benign, self-limiting cervical myelopathy consisting of selective unilateral weakness of the hand and forearm. The weakness slowly progresses until spontaneous arrest occurs within 5 years of onset. The condition predominantly affects Asian males and is thought to be secondary to spinal cord compression during neck flexion, because of a forward displacement of the posterior dural sac.
The authors present what is to their knowledge the first reported case of a Caucasian male with a severe form of Hirayama disease, suffering from weakness of the leg as well as the forearm. An abnormal range of cervical flexion was observed at the C5–6 level. The patient was successfully treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
Pinaceae‐like reproductive morphology inSchizolepidopsis canicularissp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian‐Albian) of Mongolia
Authors: Leslie Andrew B. , Glasspool Ian , Herendeen Patrick S. , Ichinnorov Niiden , Knopf Patrick , Takahashi Masamichi , Crane Peter R. 
Published: November 2013

•Premise of the study:Seed cone scales assigned to the genusSchizolepidopsisare widespread in Late Triassic to Cretaceous Eurasian deposits. They have been linked to the conifer family Pinaceae based on associated vegetative remains, but their exact affinities are uncertain. Recently discovered material from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia reveals important new information concerningSchizolepidopsiscone scales and seeds, and provides support for a relationship between the genus and extant Pinaceae.•Methods:Specimens were collected from Early Cretaceous (probable Aptian‐Albian) lignite deposits in central Mongolia. Lignite samples were disaggregated, cleaned in hydrofluoric acid, and washed in water. Specimens were selected for further study using light and electron microscopy.•Key results: Schizolepidopsis canicularisseed cones consist of loosely arranged, bilobed ovulate scales subtended by a small bract. A single inverted seed with an elongate micropyle is borne on each lobe of the ovulate scale. Each seed has a wing formed by the separation of the adaxial surface of the ovulate scale.•Conclusions: Schizolepidopsis canicularisproduced winged seeds that formed in a manner that is unique to Pinaceae among extant conifers. We do not definitively place this species in Pinaceae pending more complete information concerning its pollen cones and vegetative remains. Nevertheless, this material suggests thatSchizolepidopsismay be important for understanding the early evolution of Pinaceae, and may potentially help reconcile the appearance of the family in the fossil record with results based on phylogenetic analyses of molecular data.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers from the transcriptome of Firmiana danxiaensis (Malvaceae s.l.)
Authors: Fan Qiang , Chen Sufang , Li Mingwan , He Shiyang , Zhou Renchao , Liao Wenbo 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Firmiana consists of 12–16 species, many of which are narrow endemics. Expressed sequence tag (EST)–simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and characterized for size polymorphism in four Firmiana species.• Methods and Results: A total of 102 EST‐SSR primer pairs were designed based on the transcriptome sequences of F. danxiaensis; these were then characterized in four Firmiana species—F. danxiaensis, F. kwangsiensis, F. hainanensis, and F. simplex. In these four species, 17 primer pairs were successfully amplified, and 14 were polymorphic in at least one species. The number of alleles ranged from one to 13, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 1 and 0 to 0.925, respectively. The lowest level of polymorphism was observed in F. danxiaensis.• Conclusions: These polymorphic EST‐SSR markers are valuable for conservation genetics studies in the endangered Firmiana species.
Macrophages Are More Potent Immune Suppressors Ex Vivo Than Immature Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Induced by Metastatic Murine Mammary Carcinomas
Authors: Hamilton Melisa J. , Bosiljcic Momir , LePard Nancy E. , Halvorsen Elizabeth C. , Ho Victor W. , Banáth Judit P. , Krystal Gerald , Bennewith Kevin L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are emerging as potential promoters of metastatic tumor growth, and there is interest in targeting immature MDSCs by inducing their differentiation into more mature myeloid cells. We used all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to differentiate MDSCs in mice bearing metastatic 4T1 or 4TO7 murine mammary tumors, and assessed the immune-suppressive mechanisms and potencies of different myeloid cell subpopulations. Metastatic mammary tumors induced the accumulation of distinct populations of immature CD11b+Gr1+F4/80−Ly6CmidLy6G+ MDSCs (“Gr1+ cells”) and mature CD11b+Gr1−F4/80+ cells (“F4/80+ cells”) in metastatic target organs. ATRA triggered the differentiation of Gr1+ cells into F4/80+ cells in the lungs and, unexpectedly, enhanced pulmonary metastatic tumor growth. We found that F4/80+Ly6C−Ly6G− mature macrophages (Mϕs) were up to 30-fold more potent immune suppressors than Gr1+ cells on a per-cell basis, which we postulate may contribute to the increased metastatic growth observed with ATRA treatment. F4/80+ cells and Gr1+ cells used different reactive oxygen species (ROS)–mediated mechanisms of immunosuppression ex vivo, with F4/80+ cells producing higher levels of ROS, which is consistent with their superior immunosuppressive abilities. These data highlight the potent immunosuppressive functions of Mϕs, reveal that Mϕs can suppress T cell responses via ROS production, and suggest that ROS inhibitors may be useful in promoting antitumor immune responses. Our findings also caution against using ATRA to modulate myeloid cell differentiation and function to treat breast cancer metastases in the lung, and support the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance antitumor immunity by targeting myeloid cells as a collective group.