bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of anatomical abnormalities in patients with limited and diffuse chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jain Ravi , Stow Nick , Douglas Richard 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe role of anatomical abnormalities in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. We hypothesized that anatomical abnormalities causing obstruction of mucus drainage would be more prevalent in patients with limited CRS than in patients with pansinusitis, who are more likely to have a generalized mucosal abnormality.MethodsThe computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with limited sinusitis (maxillary sinus and/or the ostiomeatal unit), patients with diffuse bilateral disease, and asymptomatic controls were studied. Lund‐Mackay scores were calculated and the frequency of anatomical abnormalities that could affect mucus drainage of the ostiomeatal region was determined.ResultsThe limited disease group comprised 22 patients with 96 total anatomical variants (4.4 ± 2.0; mean number of variants per patient ± standard deviation [SD]). The diffuse disease group comprised 28 patients with 70 anatomical variants (2.6 ± 2.0). The control group had 27 patients with 68 variants (2.5 ± 1.4). The frequency of total anatomical variants in the limited group was significantly higher than in the pansinusitis and control groups (p < 0.003). There was no significant difference in the total number of anatomical variations between the diffuse disease and control groups. Concha bullosae and accessory ostia were more prevalent in the local disease group than the diffuse disease group. (p < 0.01).ConclusionThese results suggest that patients with limited CRS may be predisposed by anatomical variants impairing drainage of the ostiomeatal region, and pansinusitis (likely resulting from generalized mucosal abnormality) is associated with a lower frequency of anatomical variants similar to the general population.
Cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A autoimmunity in sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Benjamin Larman H. , Salajegheh Mohammad , Nazareno Remedios , Lam Theresa , Sauld John , Steen Hanno , Won Kong Sek , Pinkus Jack L. , Amato Anthony A. , Elledge Stephen J. , Greenberg Steven A. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveWe previously identified a circulating autoantibody against a 43 kDa muscle autoantigen in sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) and demonstrated the feasibility of an IBM diagnostic blood test. Here, we sought to identify the molecular target of this IBM autoantibody, understand the relationship between IBM autoimmunity and muscle degeneration, and develop an IBM blood test with high diagnostic accuracy.MethodsIBM blood samples were screened using mass spectrometry and a synthetic human peptidome. Plasma and serum samples (N=200 patients) underwent immunoblotting assays, and results were correlated to clinical features. Muscle biopsy samples (n=30) were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Exome or whole genome sequencing was performed on DNA from 19 patients.ResultsBoth mass spectrometry and screening of a 413,611 human peptide library spanning the entire human proteome identified cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (cN1A; NT5C1A) as the likely 43 kDa IBM autoantigen, which was then confirmed in dot blot and Western blot assays using recombinant cN1A protein. Moderate reactivity of anti‐cN1A autoantibodies was 70% sensitive and 92% specific, and high reactivity was 34% sensitive and 98% specific for the diagnosis of IBM. One to 3 major cN1A immunodominant epitopes were identified. cN1A reactivity by immunohistochemistry accumulated in perinuclear regions and rimmed vacuoles in IBM muscle, localizing to areas of myonuclear degeneration.InterpretationAutoantibodies against cN1A are common in and highly specific to IBM among muscle diseases, and may provide a link between IBM's dual processes of autoimmunity and myodegeneration. Blood diagnostic testing is feasible and should improve early and reliable diagnosis of IBM. Ann Neurol 2013;73:408–418
Alzheimersche Demenz, Cholesterin und Statine: Berührungspunkte wichtiger Stoffwechselwege
Authors: Silva Tiago , Teixeira José , Remião Fernando , Borges Fernanda 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren hat die Zahl an Publikationen, in denen über die positiven Wirkungen der Statine auf neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, insbesondere die Alzheimersche Demenz, berichtet wird, stark zugenommen. Statine entfalten ihre neuroprotektive Aktivität durch eine Kombination verschiedener zellulärer und systemischer Mechanismen, die auf die Hemmung der Biosynthese von Cholesterin und von Isoprenoid‐Nebenprodukten zurückgehen. Die aussichtsreichen Ergebnisse aus In‐vivo‐Versuchen und epidemiologischen Studien stehen meist nicht in Übereinstimmung mit placebokontrollierten, randomisierten klinischen Studien. Dennoch lassen sich die Statine anhand dieser Daten als wertvolle Mittel für die Vorbeugung einordnen, weniger dagegen als Therapeutika, wenn die Krankheitssymptome bereits sichtbar werden. Daher kann eine Veränderung der Cholesterin‐ und/oder der Statinzufuhr in der Lebensmitte vor Auftreten von Demenz oder kognitiver Beeinträchtigung die Aussichten auf ein gesundes Alter verbessern.
Alzheimer’s Disease, Cholesterol, and Statins: The Junctions of Important Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Silva Tiago , Teixeira José , Remião Fernando , Borges Fernanda 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRecent years have seen a significant increase in published data supporting the positive effects of statins on neurodegenerative diseases, in particular on Alzheimer’s disease. Statins show neuroprotective activity by a combination of different cellular and systemic mechanisms that are based on the inhibition of the biosynthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoid by‐products. The promising results obtained in vivo and in epidemiological studies are generally not in accordance with those of placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trials. Nevertheless, these results make statins valuable assets for disease prevention rather than therapeutic agents for use when disease symptoms are already displayed. Thus, the modulation of midlife cholesterol and/or statin administration prior to the appearance of dementia or cognitive impairment may have a better long‐term outcome.
Improved synthesis of a branched poly(ethylene imine)‐modified cellulose‐based adsorbent for removal and recovery of Cu(II) from aqueous solution
Authors: Tang Yinchuan , Ma Qinglin , Luo Yafei , Zhai Li , Che Yuju , Meng Fanjun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study focuses on an improved synthesis of a branched poly (ethylene imine) (PEI)‐modified cellulose‐based adsorbent (Cell‐g‐PGMA‐PEI). We aim to improve the adsorbent capacity by reducing side reaction of epoxide ring opening during graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto cellulose which increases the content of epoxy groups, anchors to immobilize branched PEI moieties. FTIR spectra provided the evidence of successful graft copolymerization of GMA onto cellulose initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and modification with PEI. The amount of epoxy groups of Cell‐g‐PGMA was 4.35 mmol g−1 by epoxy titration. Subsequently, the adsorption behavior of Cu(II) on cell‐g‐PGMA‐PEI in aqueous solution has been investigated. The data from the adsorption kinetic experiments agreed well with pseudo‐second‐order model. The adsorption isotherms can be interpreted by the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 102 mg g−1 which was largely improved compared with the similar adsorbent reported. The dynamic adsorption capacity obtained from the column tests was 119 mg g−1 and the adsorbent could be regenerated by HCl of 0.1 mol L−1. Results indicate that the novel pathway for the synthesis of Cell‐g‐PGMA‐PEI exhibits significant potential to improve the performance of adsorbents in removal and recovery of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Brief Report: Anti–Carbamylated Protein Antibodies Are Present in Arthralgia Patients and Predict the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Shi Jing , van de Stadt Lotte A. , Levarht E. W. Nivine , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Toes René E. M. , Trouw Leendert A. , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveRecently, we discovered a new autoantibody system in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): anti–carbamylated protein (anti‐CarP) antibodies. These antibodies have value in predicting joint destruction; however, it is not clear whether they are present before the diagnosis of RA and whether they have value as predictors of RA development. Therefore, we studied whether anti‐CarP antibodies are present in patients with arthralgia and whether their presence is associated with the development of RA.MethodsSera from 340 arthralgia patients who did not have clinical signs of arthritis but who were positive for IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM‐RF) and/or anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (anti–CCP‐2) and 32 healthy controls were tested for anti‐CarP IgG antibodies. Of the patients with arthralgia, 111 were IgM‐RF positive/anti–CCP‐2 antibody negative and 229 were anti–CCP‐2 antibody positive. Patients were observed for the development of RA (based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria) during a median followup period of 36 months. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to compare the risk of developing RA between arthralgia patients who were positive for anti‐CarP antibodies and those who were negative for anti‐CarP antibodies during followup.ResultsAnti‐CarP antibodies were present in the sera of 39% of the patients. One hundred twenty patients developed RA, after a median of 12 months (interquartile range [IQR] 6–24). The presence of anti‐CarP antibodies was associated with the development of RA in the entire arthralgia cohort after correction for RF and anti–CCP‐2 antibody status (hazard ratio 1.56 [95% confidence interval 1.06–2.29], P = 0.023), as well as in the anti–CCP‐2 antibody–positive subgroup (odds ratio 2.231 [95% confidence interval 1.31–3.79], P = 0.003).ConclusionAnti‐CarP antibodies are present in patients with arthralgia, and their presence predicts the development of RA independent of anti–CCP‐2 antibodies.
Retinoids: Potent regulators of metabolism
Authors: Brun Pierre‐Jacques , Yang Kryscilla Jian Zhang , Lee Seung‐Ah , Yuen Jason J. , Blaner William S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRetinoids (vitamin A and its analogs) are highly potent regulators of cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Because of these activities, retinoids have been most extensively studied in the contexts of embryonic development and of proliferative diseases, especially cancer and skin disease. Recently, there has been considerable new research interest focused on gaining understanding of the roles that retinoids and/or retinoid‐related proteins may have in the development of metabolic diseases, primarily obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. This review will summarize recent advances that have been made in these areas, focusing on the role of retinoids in modulating adipogenesis, the roles of retinoids and retinoid‐related proteins as signaling molecules linking obesity with the development of type II diabetes, the roles of retinoids in pancreatic β‐cell biology/insulin secretion, and the actions of retinoids in hepatic steatosis. © 2012 BioFactors, 2013
Liver damage during organ donor procurement in donation after circulatory death compared with donation after brain death
Authors: Ausania F , White S A , Coates R , Hulme W , Manas D M 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
During the past decade the number of livers recovered and transplanted from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors has increased significantly. As reported previously, injuries are more frequent during kidney procurement from DCD than from donation after brain death (DBD) donors. This aim of this study was to compare outcomes between DCD and DBD with respect to liver injuries.

Methods
Data on liver injuries in organs procured between 2000 and 2010 were obtained from the UK Transplant Registry.

Results
A total of 7146 livers were recovered from deceased donors during the study, 628 (8·8 per cent) from DCD donors. Injuries occurred in 1001 procedures (14·0 per cent). There were more arterial (1·6 versus 1·0 per cent), portal (0·5 versus 0·3 per cent) and caval (0·3 versus 0·2 per cent) injuries in the DBD group than in the DCD group, although none of these findings was statistically significant. Capsular injuries occurred more frequently in DCD than DBD (15·6 versus 11·4 per cent; P = 0·002). There was no significant difference between DCD and DBD groups in liver discard rates related to damage.

Conclusion
There were no differences in terms of vascular injuries between DCD and DBD livers, although capsular injuries occurred more frequently in DCD organs. Continuing the trend for increased frequency of DCD liver recovery, and ensuring that there is an adequately skilled surgical team available for procurement, is vital to improving the utilization of DCD livers.
Optimization of Fischer‐Tropsch Process in a Fixed‐Bed Reactor Using Non‐uniform Catalysts
Authors: Mazidi S. K. , Sadeghi M. T. , Marvast M. A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOptimization of Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) process in a fixed‐bed reactor is carried out using non‐uniform catalysts. The C5+ yield of the reactions is maximized utilizing a combination of non‐uniform catalysts across the bed. A 1D heterogeneous model is developed to simulate the bed containing uniform and non‐uniform catalysts. It is found that the egg‐shell and surface‐layered catalysts result in higher C5+ yield. Moreover, effects of cooling temperature are studied. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) methods are applied. Feed and cooling temperature are selected as decision variables together with distribution of non‐uniform catalysts along the bed. The optimization result shows 14.47 % increase in the C5+ yield with respect to the base condition.
Conceptual Design of Double‐Feed Reactive Distillation Columns
Authors: Avami A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe feasibility and feasible range of operating parameters for double‐feed reactive distillation columns are evaluated, based on the combination of pinch point map analysis for the middle‐section in the compositional space and the feed angle method as an efficient shortcut design method. Limiting bounds for operating parameters are determined where the properties of singular points change. The existence and values of such bounds may vary in double‐feed reactive distillation columns depending on the nature of the system under study. The methodology is illustrated by production of methyl acetate and ethyl acetate. An efficient method is described to identify the most promising candidates of double‐feed reactive distillation columns and to study the design flexibility in terms of operating parameters.
Carbophilic 3‐Component Cascades: Access to Complex Bioactive Cyclopropyl Diindolylmethanes
Authors: Groome Nigel M. , Elboray Elghareeb E. , Inman Martyn W. , Dondas H. Ali , Phillips Roger M. , Kilner Colin , Grigg Ronald 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNaturally occurring indole‐3‐carbinol and 3,3‐diindolylmethane show bioactivity in a number of disparate disease areas, including cancer, prompting substantial synthetic analogue activity. We describe a new approach to highly functionalised derivatives that starts from allene gas and proceeds via the combination of a three‐component Pd0‐catalysed cascade with a one‐pot, three‐component carbophilic PtII cascade linked to a stereoselective acid‐catalysed Mannich–Michael reaction that generates complex cyclopropyl diindolylmethanes which show selective activity against prostate cancer cell lines.
The Stereodynamics of 5,5’‐Disubstituted BIPHEPs
Authors: Maier Frank , Trapp Oliver 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the stereodynamics of 5,5’‐substituted tropos BIPHEP ligands (2,2’‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐biphenyls) by enantioselective dynamic high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to elucidate the influence of the substitution pattern and electronics of the substituents (methyl, methoxy, and hydroxyl groups). By temperature‐dependent dynamic HPLC measurements the activation parameters ΔG╪, ΔH╪, and ΔS╪could be determined with high precision, revealing that the activation barrier of these 5,5’‐substituted BIPHEP ligands ranges in a narrow band between 87.8 and 93.0 kJ mol–1, making them highly attractive as deracemizable dynamic chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Interestingly, the activation parameters are highly influenced by a hydroxyl or methoxy group in the 5,5’‐position of the BIPHEP ligands.Chirality 25:126–132, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Institutional Ownership and Corporate Investment Performance
Authors: Fung Scott , Tsai Shih‐Chuan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the role of institutional investors in improving firm performance through the channel of corporate investment decisions. We find that the interaction effect between institutional ownership and capital expenditures is significantly related to firm performance. We examine this relationship for different types of institutional investors, and find that investment advisors are most effective monitors in improving firm performance through corporate investment. Moreover, we find that the monitoring role of institutional investors becomes more important when internal governance is weak. Institutional ownership and other forms of corporate governance mechanisms (including CEO incentive compensation and control, shareholder right provisions, and board of director monitoring) operate as substitutes, rather than complements, in improving capital expenditure decisions. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An aggregated analysis of hormonal factors and endometrial cancer risk by parity
Authors: Schonfeld Sara J. , Hartge Patricia , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Freedman D. Michal , Greenlee Robert T. , Linet Martha S. , Park Yikyung , Schairer Catherine , Visvanathan Kala , Lacey James V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nulliparity is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. It is less clear whether nulliparity modifies the association between other established hormone‐related risk factors. The proportion of nulliparous women has increased since the mid‐1970s, but most individual studies to date have been too small to test the hypothesis that endometrial cancer risk factors may be associated more strongly with risk among nulliparous women compared with parous women.METHODS:Data were aggregated on 26,936 postmenopausal, Caucasian, nulliparous women (360 endometrial cancers) and 146,583 postmenopausal, Caucasian, parous women (1378 endometrial cancers) from 4 US prospective studies (1979‐2006). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in stratified analyses.RESULTS:The risk of endometrial cancer was higher among nulliparous women than among parous women, as expected (nulliparous vs parous: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.60). Stratified associations between endometrial cancer and hormone‐related risk factors did not differ between nulliparous versus parous women: For both groups, oral contraceptives and earlier menopause were associated with reduced risk. The highest HRs were for obesity: A body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (vs <25 kg/m2) increased the risk of endometrial cancer 3‐fold among nulliparous women (HR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.34‐3.94) and parous women (HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.52‐3.29).CONCLUSIONS:The results from this large, pooled analysis of data from 4 large prospective studies suggested that nulliparity does not modify the risks of endometrial cancer associated with established hormone‐related risk factors. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on recurrence and survival in colon cancer patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Mauldin Patrick D. , Ebeling Myla , Hulsey Thomas C. , Liu Baorui , Thomas Melanie B. , Camp Ernest R. , Esnaola Nestor F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although epidemiologic studies suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of colorectal cancer, its effect on cancer mortality remains controversial.METHODS:The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked database (1998‐2006) to conduct a retrospective cohort study of 36,079 patients with colon cancer to determine the independent effect of MetS and its components on overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free rates (RFRs). Data on MetS and its components were ascertained from Medicare claims. OS and RFRs in patients with and without MetS and its components were compared using multivariate Cox models.RESULTS:MetS had no apparent effect on OS or RFR. Both elevated glucose/diabetes mellitus (DM) and elevated hypertension were associated with worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17 [95% confidence interval, 1.13‐1.21] and 1.08 [95% confidence interval, 1.03‐1.12], respectively) and worse RFRs (aHR, 1.25 [95% confidence interval, 1.16‐1.34] and 1.22 [95% confidence interval, 1.12‐1.33], respectively). In contrast, dyslipidemia was associated with improved survival (aHR, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.75‐0.80) and reduced recurrence (aHR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.66‐0.75). These effects were consistent for both men and women and were more pronounced in patients with early stage disease.CONCLUSIONS:MetS had no apparent effect on colon cancer outcomes, probably because of the combined adverse effects of elevated glucose/DM and hypertension and the protective effect of dyslipidemia in patients with nonmetastatic disease. The authors concluded that patients who have early stage colon cancer with elevated glucose/DM and/or hypertension may benefit from more intensive surveillance and/or broader use of adjuvant therapy and that trials to define the benefits of low‐fat diets, insulin‐lowering agents, and statins on recurrence/survival in patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer are warranted. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.