bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clients’ experiences of formulation in cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Redhead Susannah , Johnstone Lucy , Nightingale Jim 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo explore clients’ experiences of formulation in cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and/or anxiety, as reported after the end of therapy.DesignA qualitative study using inductive thematic analysis.MethodTen clients who had completed a course of cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and/or anxiety participated in semi‐structured interviews within a month of finishing therapy.ResultsFour overarching themes were identified: Formulation helps me to understand my problems; formulation leads to feeling understood and accepted; formulation leads to an emotional shift and formulation enables me to move forward.ConclusionsFormulation is a powerful therapeutic tool that can be highly beneficial to clients, leading to an increased understanding of their difficulties, feeling understood and accepted and a sense of relief. The process of formulation can also result in distress, however, when associated with an increased awareness of the nature of one's difficulties, the implications of the formulation for one's sense of identity and being presented with a formulation that is perceived to be inaccurate. In some cases, this distress decreased during therapy, while for others, distress lasted beyond the end of therapy. Formulation enabled many participants to move forwards from their difficulties, leading them to feel empowered, helping them to cope, enabling them to talk more openly, in contrast to previous therapy which had not focused on formulation. Clinical implications indicate that formulation should be undertaken in a sensitive and collaborative way to maximize its benefits and minimize any possible negative effects.Practitioner points

Formulation can be highly beneficial for clients enabling them to move forwards from their difficulties.

It is important to be mindful of clients’ possible adverse reactions to the formulation, so that these can be resolved during therapy.

Formulation should be undertaken attentively sensitively and collaboratively to maximize its benefits and minimize negative effects.
Engineering soya bean seeds as a scalable platform to produce cyanovirin‐N, a non‐ARV microbicide against HIV
Authors: O'Keefe Barry R. , Murad André M. , Vianna Giovanni R. , Ramessar Koreen , Saucedo Carrie J. , Wilson Jennifer , Buckheit Karen W. , da Cunha Nicolau B. , Araújo Ana Claudia G. , Lacorte Cristiano C. , Madeira Luisa , McMahon James B. , Rech Elibio L. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThere is an urgent need to provide effective anti‐HIV microbicides to resource‐poor areas worldwide. Some of the most promising microbicide candidates are biotherapeutics targeting viral entry. To provide biotherapeutics to poorer areas, it is vital to reduce the cost. Here, we report the production of biologically active recombinant cyanovirin‐N (rCV‐N), an antiviral protein, in genetically engineered soya bean seeds. Pure, biologically active rCV‐N was isolated with a yield of 350 μg/g of dry seed weight. The observed amino acid sequence of rCV‐N matched the expected sequence of native CV‐N, as did the mass of rCV‐N (11 009 Da). Purified rCV‐N from soya is active in anti‐HIV assays with an EC50 of 0.82–2.7 nM (compared to 0.45–1.8 nM for E. coli‐produced CV‐N). Standard industrial processing of soya bean seeds to harvest soya bean oil does not diminish the antiviral activity of recovered rCV‐N, allowing the use of industrial soya bean processing to generate both soya bean oil and a recombinant protein for anti‐HIV microbicide development.
Chromodomain, Helicase and DNA‐binding CHD1 protein, CHR5, are involved in establishing active chromatin state of seed maturation genes
Authors: Shen Yuan , Devic Martine , Lepiniec Loïc , Zhou Dao‐Xiu 
Published: January 2015

SummaryChromatin modification and remodelling are the basis for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. LEAFY COTYLEDON 1 (LEC1), LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2), ABSCISIC ACID‐INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and FUSCA3 (FUS3) are key regulators of embryo development and are repressed after seed maturation. The chromatin remodelling CHD3 protein PICKLE (PKL) is involved in the epigenetic silencing of the genes. However, the chromatin mechanism that establishes the active state of these genes during early embryo development is not clear. We show that the Arabidopsis CHD1‐related gene, CHR5, is activated during embryo development. Mutation of the gene reduced expression of LEC1, ABI3 and FUS3 in developing embryo and accumulation of seed storage proteins. Analysis of double mutants revealed an antagonistic function between CHR5 and PKL in embryo gene expression and seed storage protein accumulation, which likely acted on the promoter region of the genes. CHR5 was shown to be associated with the promoters of ABI3 and FUS3 and to be required to reduce nucleosome occupancy near the transcriptional start site. The results suggest that CHR5 is involved in establishing the active state of embryo regulatory genes by reducing nucleosomal barrier, which may be exploited to enhance seed protein production.
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors in children following solid organ transplantation: A review
Authors: Jossen Jacqueline , Chu Jaime , Hotchkiss Hilary , Wistinghausen Birte , Iyer Kishore , Magid Margret , Kamath Amita , Roayaie Sasan , Arnon Ronen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEBV‐SMT are a rare entity following organ transplantation. Given the rarity of the tumor, there is no standard approach to diagnosis and treatment. A literature search identified 28 reported cases of EBV‐SMT in addition to our own experience with one case. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Creating a Bridge of Understanding between Two Worlds: Community‐Based Collaborative‐Action Research with Sudanese Refugee Women
Authors: Baird Martha B. , Domian Elaine Williams , Mulcahy Ellyn R. , Mabior Rebecca , Jemutai‐Tanui Gladys , Filippi Melissa K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the process of partnership between university researchers, students, and South Sudanese refugee women to address the health challenges associated with their resettlement transition to the United States.Design and SampleThis qualitative study used a community‐based collaborative action research (CBCAR) framework in the design, collection, and analysis of the qualitative data. Twenty refugee women participated in this study.InterventionFive health education seminars followed by an audio‐recorded focus group were held over 9 months. A final focus group was held to confirm derived themes and develop an action plan.ResultsThe partnership between the refugee women and researchers resulted in awareness of how power structures and differing expectations affected the process. The dialog in the focus groups provided an opportunity for refugee women to voice challenges to their health in resettlement. A pattern was recognized about how political and sociocultural events affected the process of CBCAR. Dialog and sharing differing worldviews and perspectives led to insights about ways to improve the health of the South Sudanese refugee community.ConclusionsCBCAR is a useful framework to address health concerns of a refugee community. Insights from this study provided a foundation for a future intervention research project with the refugee women.
Persistence of Toxoplasma gondii in the central nervous system: a fine‐tuned balance between the parasite, the brain and the immune system
Authors: Blanchard N. , Dunay I. R. , Schlüter D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryUpon infection of humans and animals with Toxoplasma gondii, the parasites persist as intraneuronal cysts that are controlled, but not eliminated by the immune system. In particular, intracerebral T cells are crucial in the control of T. gondii infection and are supported by essential functions from other leukocyte populations. Additionally, brain‐resident cells including astrocytes, microglia and neurons contribute to the intracerebral immune response by the production of cytokines, chemokines and expression of immunoregulatory cell surface molecules, such as major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens. However, the in vivo behaviour of these individual cell populations, specifically their interaction during cerebral toxoplasmosis, remains to be elucidated. We discuss here what is known about the function of T cells, recruited myeloid cells and brain‐resident cells, with particular emphasis on the potential cross‐regulation of these cell populations, in governing cerebral toxoplasmosis.
“[L]abels of Themselves Condition Our Perceptions”: The DSM and the Diagnostic Sign of Schizophrenia
Authors: Flexer Michael J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been partitioning mental illnesses into discrete disease entities for over 60 years. The diagnostic class of schizophrenia has undergone several different labels and some profound changes to its criteria over all these iterations. In trying to develop the least‐imperfect pragmatic description, the DSM has had to make several assumptions about the disease, and over the various iterations several critics – from within and without psychiatry – have increasingly felt that the APA have accepted their own assumptions as truth, creating a self‐justifying and self‐perpetuating ideology of schizophrenia. The latest edition, DSM‐5, has incorporated some of this criticism, but it is unclear whether the dominant ideology of the diagnostic labels will be over‐turned or will simply incorporate this challenge to its authority into its own “continuity myth” of ever‐improving diagnostic criteria.
Police Crime: The Criminal Behavior of Sworn Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Stinson Philip Matthew 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis essay examines the criminological conceptualizations and research on police crime, that is, the criminal behavior of sworn law enforcement officers. It starts with an overview of the conceptualization of police crime as it relates to organizational and scholarly perspectives of social deviance. Police deviance is often conceptualized to include various misconduct, corruption, and/or crime committed by police organizations and police officers. This essay focuses on police crime resulting in the arrest of a sworn law enforcement officer and is organized within a conceptual framework that incorporates five types of police crime: sex‐related police crime, alcohol‐related police crime, drug‐related police crime, violence‐related police crime, and profit‐motivated police crime.
Race, Gender, Hollywood: Representation in Cultural Production and Digital Media's Potential for Change
Authors: Erigha Maryann 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSince its inception, the Hollywood industry has played an instrumental role in the mass dissemination of popular culture, both within the United States and globally. Yet, White men have almost exclusively created the narratives and myths that comprise Hollywood cultural production, while narratives by women and racial/ethnic minorities are fewer and less prominent. This article gives an overview of current research on racial and gender inequality in representation in the production of Hollywood film and television in the United States, with a focus on the contemporary era. Research on Hollywood cultural production points to a problematic trend of disadvantages in opportunities and outcomes facing women and racial/ethnic minorities, leading to the prevalence of stereotypes and a lack of diversity on‐screen. However, transformations in technology that alter the production and dissemination of media present the possibility of decreasing inequality for women and racial/ethnic minorities.
Risk factors for invasive mold diseases in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Atalla A. , Garnica M. , Maiolino A. , Nucci M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology of and risk factors for invasive mold disease (IMD) among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients may vary according to the region. In this study, we sought to evaluate risk factors for IMD in our patient population.MethodsBetween May 2007 and July 2009, all HCT recipients from 8 Brazilian centers were followed prospectively until 1 year post transplant. Cases of IMD were classified as early (before day +40) or late (after day +40). Patients with IMD (cases) were compared with controls (patients without IMD) using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsAmong 345 HCT recipients, 28 IMDs were diagnosed. Risk factors for early IMD were acute myeloid leukemia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13–7.68, P = 0.03) and transplant with a human leukocyte antigen‐mismatched donor (HR 3.38, 95% CI 1.18–9.68, P = 0.02), and for late IMD risk factors were lymphoma (HR 8.49, 95% CI 2.35–30.68, P = 0.001), cytomegalovirus reactivation (HR 5.51, 95% CI 1.15–26.47, P = 0.03), and neutropenia (HR 3.49, 95% CI 1.01–12.13, P = 0.049).ConclusionThe variables identified in this study may help to define risk groups, and to tailor special preventive measures to patients at higher risk to develop IMD.
Staphylococcus aureus infections among children receiving a solid organ transplant: clinical features, epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: McNeil J.C. , Munoz F.M. , Hultén K.G. , Mason E.O. , Kaplan S.L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is among the most common causes of healthcare‐associated infection (HAI) in the United States. Patients who have received a solid organ transplant (SOT) represent a unique population for the acquisition of HAIs, given their preoperative organ failure, immunosuppression, and need for invasive procedures. However, limited literature is published on S. aureus infections among children with SOT. We describe the epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical features of S. aureus infections among pediatric SOT recipients.DesignAn ongoing prospective S. aureus surveillance database from 2001 to 2012 was searched for infections in patients with a history of SOT at Texas Children's Hospital. Medical records and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were reviewed; specific attention was applied to the time since transplantation to infection.ResultsOut of the total of 696 transplants performed during the study period, 38 pediatric SOT recipients developed 41 S. aureus infections; the highest incidence of infection was among heart recipients. Overall, the most common infectious diagnoses were skin‐and‐soft‐tissue infections (66.1%), followed by bacteremia (15.3%). Among isolates in SOT patients, 47.5%, 16.9%, and 6.7% were resistant to methicillin, clindamycin, or mupirocin, respectively. Three infections (7.3%) occurred in the early post‐transplant period (<1 month), all of which were bacteremia (P = 0.007) and all caused by methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The majority of infections (90.2%) occurred in the late post‐transplant period (>6 months). In 10 cases (16.9%), S. aureus infection was associated with graft rejection during the same admission.ConclusionsS. aureus represents an important cause of morbidity in pediatric SOT recipients. While the majority of infections occurred late after transplant (>6 months), those acquired in the early post‐transplant period were more often invasive and caused by MSSA in our hospital. Physicians caring for SOT recipients should be aware of the risks posed by this pathogen and the potential concomitant morbidity including graft rejection.
Disseminated adenovirus disease in heart transplant recipient presenting with conjunctivitis
Authors: Bruminhent J. , Athas D.M. , Hess B.D. , Flomenberg P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report a 65‐year‐old heart transplant recipient who presented with conjunctivitis, likely acquired from a family member who worked at a daycare center during an outbreak of conjunctivitis. He developed a severe adenoviral pneumonitis, which was successfully treated with intravenous cidofovir combined with a reduction of immunosuppression.
How do I implement a more restrictive transfusion trigger of hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL at my hospital?
Authors: Boral Leonard I. , Bernard Andrew , Hjorth Todd , Davenport Daniel , Zhang Daoping , MacIvor Duncan C. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe red blood cell (RBC) transfusion trigger is a major driver of transfusion practice and affects health care costs and in some instances patient outcomes. Reducing the transfusion threshold will decrease RBC utilization and hospital costs.Study Design and MethodsThe hospital transfusion committee, endorsed by the medical staff executive committee, developed an educational program for physicians, nurses, and blood bank staff focusing on the scientific basis for a transfusion trigger of hemoglobin (Hb) of 7 g/dL rather than 8 g/dL as well as a program to discourage the routine 2‐unit RBC transfusion. RBC transfusion practice review was performed and those physicians transfusing outside of the new variables were questioned as to the necessity for the transfusion.ResultsA total of 4492 RBC units were saved and 662 patients were not transfused over the three fiscal years (FYs), 2010, 2011, and 2012, compared to 2009 baseline. Direct cost savings over 3 years with a transfusion trigger of Hb of 7 g/dL was $943,320. If activity‐based costing is used, the savings may have reached as high as $5,314,036. The number of single‐unit RBC transfusions increased steadily over the course of the study while the number of 2‐unit transfusions remained relatively stable over the three FYs 2010 to 2012.ConclusionA Hb level of 7 g/dL is the transfusion threshold which is being adopted by many hospitals. Institutional culture change to a Hb level of 7 g/dL can be implemented with the right champion when endorsed by upper echelon medical leadership and hospital administration.
Firm Heterogeneity, Endogenous Quality, and Traded Goods Prices
Authors: Bekkers Eddy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA model with endogenous quality and firm heterogeneity is developed. Firms can invest in quality, and quality investment is relatively skill intensive. The model is used to account for two findings in the empirical literature on traded goods prices, lacking a formal explanation in the theoretical literature thus far. First, the model provides a theoretical explanation for Schott's (Quarterly Journal of Economics 2004, 119, 647) empirical finding that relatively skill‐abundant countries export higher priced goods. Firms in these countries invest more in quality and therefore sell higher quality, higher priced goods. Second, the opposite effects of importer market size on traded goods prices at the firm level (positive) and at the aggregate level (negative) identified in the empirical literature can be explained with the model. In a larger market, the incentive to invest in quality is larger for each firm, leading to higher firm‐level prices. Due to a selection effect, also less productive firms selling goods of lower quality can export to larger markets, implying lower aggregate prices.
The Product Space Revisited: China's Trade Profile
Authors: Ferrarini Benno , Scaramozzino Pasquale 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe concept of product space has encountered broad interest within the development community, as an analytical tool against which to assess countries’ potential to diversify their production and export structures. It has received far less attention in the economics literature, and its assumptions and building blocks have not been put under scrutiny. This paper assesses whether exclusive reliance on export data in product space analysis may limit its value as a tool assessing country capabilities. Reliance on net trade flows—to account for horizontal intra‐industry trade—and on unit values—to capture within‐product differentiation—changes the features of the product space. Based on a highly detailed data set of both trade value and volume and spanning over 144 countries, the amended product space put forth in this paper shows that China has indeed expanded its trade profile to now occupy also product areas that are typically associated with higher‐income countries. However, China's remarkable success in expanding horizontally within the product space is strongly qualified by the introduction of the vertical dimension, which shows the country to be occupying mostly the low‐unit value segment of product categories, more akin to the typical trade profile of a developing country.
Firm Heterogeneity and FDI in Distribution Services
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoyasu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDistribution services play a large role in intermediating production and consumption across borders. Using firm‐level data on Japanese multinationals in wholesale and retail sectors, this study examines FDI decisions of distribution firms for local distribution services at the extensive and intensive margin. Consistent with the model of heterogeneous firms on multinational production, I find that more productive multinationals are more likely than less productive multinationals to enter a larger number of markets, to penetrate less attractive markets and to generate larger sales per each market. While these findings are consistent with previous evidence on manufacturing multinationals, I find some distinctive determinants of FDI in distribution services.
Preoperative findings and visual outcome associated with retinal reattachment surgery in dogs: 217 cases (275 eyes)
Authors: Spatola Ronald A. , Nadelstein Brad , Leber Andrea C. , Berdoulay Andrew 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveReport the correlation of pre‐operative findings with visual outcome in dogs undergoing retinal reattachment surgery for giant retinal tears.ProceduresRetrospective analysis of dogs that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil (SiO) tamponade and endolaser retinopexy at one institution. Recorded parameters included signalment, etiology, and duration of retinal detachment, observable retinal tissue architecture, visual reflexes, lens status, presurgical aqueous flare, visual status postoperatively, and complications.ResultsTwo hundred and seventeen patients (275 eyes) were included. Common etiologies of detachment were primary vitreoretinal disease (50.5%), lens surgery (35.3%), and hypermature cataracts (6.2%). Immediate postoperative anatomic success was noted in 98% of operated eyes. Maintenance or return of vision was noted in 74.2% of patients (72% of eyes) through the last known follow‐up, with return of vision on average 18.5 days postoperatively. In those eyes that regained vision, 71.7% had retained vision at the last known recheck examination, with an average follow‐up time of 550 days. Pre‐operative findings correlated with postoperative vision included presence of a dazzle reflex, presence of a menace response, and retinal tissue architecture. The most common complications included migration of SiO into the anterior chamber (49.4%), corneal ulceration (25.7%), glaucoma (25.7%), and cataract formation (24.5%).ConclusionGiant retinal tears in dogs can be successfully managed viaPPVwith SiO tamponade and endolaser retinopexy. Vision was maintained in the majority of cases with long‐term follow‐up. Patient history and thorough ophthalmic examination with attention to retinal tissue architecture are important in assessing surgical candidacy.