bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilient Information Networks for Coordination of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Hossain Liaquat , Hassan Muhammad Rabiul , Wigand Rolf T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFoodborne disease outbreaks are increasingly being seen as a greater concern by public health authorities. It has also become a global research agenda to identify improved pathways to coordinating outbreak detection. Furthermore, a significant need exists for timely coordination of the detection of potential foodborne disease outbreaks to reduce the number of infected individuals and the overall impact on public health security. This study aimed to offer an effective approach for coordinating foodborne disease outbreaks. First, we identify current coordination processes, complexities, and challenges. We then explore social media surveillance strategies, usage, and the power of these strategies to influence decision-making. Finally, based on informal (social media) and formal (organizational) surveillance approaches, we propose a hybrid information network model for improving the coordination of outbreak detection. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:186-198)
A Sex Disparity Among Earthquake Victims
Authors: Ardagh Michael , Standring Sarah , Deely Joanne M. , Johnston David , Robinson Viki , Gulliver Pauline , Richardson Sandra , Dierckx Alieke , Than Martin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding who is most vulnerable during an earthquake will help health care responders prepare for future disasters. We analyzed the demography of casualties from the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand.MethodsThe demography of the total deceased, injured, and hospitalized casualties of the Christchurch earthquake was compared with that of the greater Christchurch population, the Christchurch central business district working population, and patients who presented to the single acute emergency department on the same month and day over the prior 10 years. Sex data were compared to scene of injury, context of injury, clinical characteristics of injury, and injury severity scores.ResultsSignificantly more females than males were injured or killed in the entire population of casualties (P<0.001). Most of the deceased and hospitalized casualties were injured in the central business district (171/182 deceased [94%]; 33/91 hospitalized [36.2%]). Approximately half of both sexes were injured at home (1002/2032 males [49%]; 2390/4627 females [52%]) and >20% were injured at commercial or service localities (444/2032 males [22%]; 1105/4627 females [24%]). Adults aged between 20 and 69 years (1639/2032 males [81%]; 3717/4627 females [80%]) were most frequently injured.ConclusionWhere people were and what they were doing at the time of the earthquake influenced their risk of injury. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:67-73)
Risk Factors for Recurrent Colonization With Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Community-Dwelling Adults and Children
Authors: Cluzet Valerie C. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Nachamkin Irving , Metlay Joshua P. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Davis Meghan F. , Julian Kathleen G. , Linkin Darren R. , Coffin Susan E. , Margolis David J. , Hollander Judd E. , Bilker Warren B. , Han Xiaoyan , Mistry Rakesh D. , Gavin Laurence J. , Tolomeo Pam , Wise Jacqueleen A. , Wheeler Mary K. , Hu Baofeng , Fishman Neil O. , Royer David , Lautenbach Ebbing 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVETo identify risk factors for recurrent methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonization.DESIGNProspective cohort study conducted from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012.SETTINGFive adult and pediatric academic medical centers.PARTICIPANTSSubjects (ie, index cases) who presented with acute community-onset MRSA skin and soft-tissue infection.METHODSIndex cases and all household members performed self-sampling for MRSA colonization every 2 weeks for 6 months. Clearance of colonization was defined as 2 consecutive sampling periods with negative surveillance cultures. Recurrent colonization was defined as any positive MRSA surveillance culture after clearance. Index cases with recurrent MRSA colonization were compared with those without recurrence on the basis of antibiotic exposure, household demographic characteristics, and presence of MRSA colonization in household members.RESULTSThe study cohort comprised 195 index cases; recurrent MRSA colonization occurred in 85 (43.6%). Median time to recurrence was 53 days (interquartile range, 36–84 days). Treatment with clindamycin was associated with lower risk of recurrence (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29–0.93). Higher percentage of household members younger than 18 was associated with increased risk of recurrence (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02). The association between MRSA colonization in household members and recurrent colonization in index cases did not reach statistical significance in primary analyses.CONCLUSIONA large proportion of patients initially presenting with MRSA skin and soft-tissue infection will have recurrent colonization after clearance. The reduced rate of recurrent colonization associated with clindamycin may indicate a unique role for this antibiotic in the treatment of such infection.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;36(7):786–793
Mad, bad, and dangerous to know: psychiatric illness in film and theatre
Authors: Conway C. 
Published: July 2015

AimsTo describe and discuss the portrayal of psychiatric illness in film and theatre.MethodA review of psychiatric literature on psychiatric illness and stigma was carried out. This was combined with a review of selected films and plays. The dramatic function of mental illness, and the manner of its portrayal, were considered in a discursive manner.ResultsFrom Ancient Greek theatre to modern film, psychiatric illness has been used to exemplify “otherness”. This has frequently had connotations of danger and violence, either to others or to societal norms. Occasionally psychiatric illness is depicted as transformative, or an understandable reaction to an insane environment, and there is a trend towards more nuanced depictions of mental illness. However, the disproportionate association of mental illness with violence and danger is reflected in the public's perception of mental illness, and contributes to self-stigmatisation.ConclusionOngoing communication between psychiatry, service users and the arts may help to challenge the stereotype of “mad, bad and dangerous to know”.
Tannakization in derived algebraic geometry
Authors: Iwanari Isamu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper we begin studying tannakian constructions in ∞-categories and combine them with the theory of motivic categories developed by Hanamura, Levine, and Voevodsky. This paper is the first in a series of papers. For the purposes above, we first construct a derived affine group scheme and its representation category from a symmetric monoidal ∞-category, which we shall call the tannakization of a symmetric monoidal ∞-category. It can be viewed as an ∞-categorical generalization of work of Joyal-Street and Nori. Next we apply it to the stable ∞-category of mixed motives equipped with the realization functor of a mixed Weil cohomology. We construct a derived motivic Galois group which represents the automorphism group of the realization functor, and whose representation category satisfies an appropriate universal property. As a consequence, we construct an underived motivic Galois group of mixed motives, which is a pro-algebraic group and has nice properties. Also, we present basic properties of derived affine group schemes in the Appendix.
Sedimentation of spheroidal bodies near walls in viscous fluids: glancing, reversing, tumbling and sliding
Authors: Mitchell William H. , Spagnolie Saverio E. 
Published: July 2015

The sedimentation of a rigid particle near a wall in a viscous fluid has been studied numerically by many authors, but analytical solutions have been derived only for special cases such as the motion of spherical particles. In this paper the method of images is used to derive simple ordinary differential equations describing the sedimentation of arbitrarily oriented prolate and oblate spheroids at zero Reynolds number near a vertical or inclined plane wall. The differential equations may be solved analytically in many situations, and full trajectories are predicted which compare favourably with complete numerical simulations. The simulations are performed using a novel double-layer boundary integral formulation, a method of stresslet images. The conditions under which the glancing and reversing trajectories, first observed by Russelet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 83, 1977, pp. 273–287), occur are studied for bodies of arbitrary aspect ratio. Several additional trajectories are also described: a periodic tumbling trajectory for nearly spherical bodies, a linearly stable sliding trajectory which appears when the wall is slightly inclined, and three-dimensional glancing, reversing and wobbling.
ON RESURRECTION AXIOMS
Authors: TSAPROUNIS KONSTANTINOS 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe resurrection axioms are forms of forcing axioms that were introduced recently by Hamkins and Johnstone, who developed on earlier ideas of Chalons and Veličković. In this note, we introduce a stronger form of resurrection (which we callunboundedresurrection) and show that it gives rise to families of axioms which are consistent relative to extendible cardinals, and which imply the strongest known instances of forcing axioms, such as Martin’s Maximum++. In addition, we study the unbounded resurrection postulates in terms of consistency lower bounds, obtaining, for example, failures of the weak square principle.
THE UNDECIDABILITY OF THE DEFINABILITY OF PRINCIPAL SUBCONGRUENCES
Authors: MOORE MATTHEW 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFor each Turing machine ${\cal T}$, we construct an algebra $\mathbb{A}$′$\left( {\cal T} \right)$ such that the variety generated by $\mathbb{A}$′$\left( {\cal T} \right)$ has definable principal subcongruences if and only if ${\cal T}$ halts, thus proving that the property of having definable principal subcongruences is undecidable for a finite algebra. A consequence of this is that there is no algorithm that takes as input a finite algebra and decides whether that algebra is finitely based.
LOWER BOUNDS FOR DNF-REFUTATIONS OF A RELATIVIZED WEAK PIGEONHOLE PRINCIPLE
Authors: ATSERIAS ALBERT , MÜLLER MORITZ , OLIVA SERGI 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe relativized weak pigeonhole principle states that if at least 2n out of n2 pigeons fly into n holes, then some hole must be doubly occupied. We prove that every DNF-refutation of the CNF encoding of this principle requires size $2^{\left( {{\rm{log\ }}n} \right)^{3/2 - \varepsilon } } $ for every ε﹥0 and every sufficiently large n. By reducing it to the standard weak pigeonhole principle with 2n pigeons and n holes, we also show that this lower bound is essentially tight in that there exist DNF-refutations of size $2^{\left( {{\rm{log\ }}n} \right)^{O\left( 1 \right)} } $ even in R(log). For the lower bound proof we need to discuss the existence of unbalanced low-degree bipartite expanders satisfying a certain robustness condition.
HOMOGENEITY AND FIX-POINTS: GOING FORTH!
Authors: VILLEMAIRE ROGER 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhile the back-and-forth method has been often attributed to Cantor, it turns out that in the original proof of the characterisation of countable linear dense orders, the mapping is constructed in a single direction. Cameron has called this method Forth and has shown that it can fail to build an automorphism for some homogeneous structures. We give in this paper a characterisation of those homogeneous structures for which Forth always builds an automorphism. This generalises results by Cameron and McLeish.
Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota – a randomised controlled trial in obese postmenopausal women
Authors: Brahe Lena K. , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Prifti Edi , Pons Nicolas , Kennedy Sean , Blædel Trine , Håkansson Janet , Dalsgaard Trine Kastrup , Hansen Torben , Pedersen Oluf , Astrup Arne , Ehrlich S. Dusko , Larsen Lesli H. 
Published: July 2015

The gut microbiota has been implicated in obesity and its progression towards metabolic disease. Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions withLactobacillus paracaseiF19 or flaxseed mucilage on the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in obesity. A total of fifty-eight obese postmenopausal women were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of 6-week duration, with a daily intake of eitherL. paracaseiF19 (9·4 × 1010colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10 g) or placebo. Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral glucose tolerance test (P< 0·05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda index (P< 0·05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P< 0·01), including decreased relative abundance of eightFaecalibacteriumspecies. These changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin sensitivity. The intake ofL. paracaseiF19 did not modulate metabolic markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.
Early Cretaceous vertebrates from the Xinlong Formation of Guangxi (southern China): a review
Authors: MO JINYOU , BUFFETAUT ERIC , TONG HAIYAN , AMIOT ROMAIN , CAVIN LIONEL , CUNY GILLES , SUTEETHORN VARAVUDH , SUTEETHORN SURAVECH , JIANG SHAN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe vertebrate assemblage from the Early Cretaceous non-marine Xinlong Formation of the Napai Basin, in the south-western part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (southern China), is reviewed. The assemblage includes chondrichthyans (at least six species of hybodont sharks includingHybodus, Thaiodus, HeteroptychodusandAcrorhizodus), actinopterygians (Halecomorphi and Ginglymodi), turtles (the adocidShachemysand the carettochelyidKizylkumemys), crocodilians (cf.Theriosuchus) and dinosaurs (the sauropodsFusuisaurusandLiubangosaurus, carcharodontosaurid and spinosaurid theropods, iguanodontians and a possible psittacosaurid). This assemblage shows many similarities to those from non-marine formations of the Khorat Group of north-eastern Thailand. It seems to be particularly close to that from the Khok Kruat Formation, considered as Aptian in age, as shown especially by sharks and turtles and by the presence of iguanodontians. An Aptian age is therefore proposed for the Xinlong Formation. A study of the stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of reptile apatite suggests that this part of South China experienced subtropical arid conditions during the deposition of the Xinlong Formation. In its composition, the vertebrate fauna from the Xinlong Formation seems to be more similar to coeval faunas from SE Asia than to assemblages from northern China (including the Jehol Biota). Although this may partly reflect different depositional and taphonomic environments (fluvial for the Xinlong Formation versus lacustrine for the Jehol Biota) it seems likely that, during Early Cretaceous time, southern China and SE Asia were part of a distinct zoogeographical province, different from that corresponding to northern China. This may be the result of both climatic differences (with relatively cool climates in northern China versus a subtropical climate in the south) and geographical barriers such as mountain chains.
Surgical management of medullary thyroid cancer: which guidelines should we follow?
Authors: Bowen A , Mani N , Penney S , Loughran S , Yap B 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:Surgery is currently the only curative treatment for medullary thyroid cancer. Unfortunately, the surgical strategy that will offer patients at each disease stage the best chance of a biochemical cure remains unclear. The American Thyroid Association and British Thyroid Association guidelines offer different strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the surgical management of 47 patients with medullary thyroid cancer diagnosed between 1994 and 2013 was performed. Surgical management was compared with current American Thyroid Association and British Thyroid Association guidelines. Outcome was defined as the first post-operative calcitonin measurement.Results:All patients with stage I–III disease achieved a post-operative biochemical cure regardless of the guidelines followed. The overall biochemical cure rate for patients with stage IVa disease was significantly reduced to 10 per cent (p < 0.01), but the biochemical cure rate for stage IVa disease patients who underwent bilateral lateral lymph node dissection was 33.3 per cent.Conclusion:The conservative, surveillance-driven approach recommended by the American Thyroid Association is appropriate for stage I–III disease. However, the more aggressive approach advocated by the British Thyroid Association might provide stage IVa disease patients a greater chance of achieving a biochemical cure.
Open surgical management of auricular haematoma: incision, evacuation and mattress sutures
Authors: Shakeel M , Vallamkondu V , Mountain R , Hussain A 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:A large variety of techniques have been used for auricular haematoma management. The open surgical management of auricular haematoma involves incision, evacuation and the obliteration of dead space using biodegradable mattress sutures. Our goal was to describe open surgical management for primary, recurrent and spontaneous auricular haematoma.Methods:Auricular haematoma patients who underwent open surgical management were prospectively audited (2010–2013). Information was collected on demographics, clinical presentation, aetiology, examination findings, previous interventions, details of open surgical management and post-operative follow up.Results:In all, 12 male and 3 female patients with a mean age of 33 years (range 16–86 years) were evaluated. Contact sport injury was the most common aetiology. Ten patients had undergone previous unsuccessful interventions to treat auricular haematoma before open surgical management was performed. All patients were managed successfully without significant recurrence. One patient had a minor local reaccumulation which required reinsertion of a mattress suture. One elderly patient developed localised cellulitis which responded well to antibiotics.Conclusion:Open surgical management of auricular haematoma has been successful. The technique is simple and reliable, and can be accomplished in a clinical setting under local anaesthesia.
Hearing loss following myringoplasty – implications for informed consent
Authors: Bewick J , Prinsley P 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:There are many reports of operations performed to successfully close ear drum perforations. Hearing deterioration after myringoplasty is not a widely published topic. This paper presents an audit of this complication.Methods:A six-year retrospective analysis of a series of myringoplasty operations was performed using electronic patient records. Patients with post-operative hearing loss were identified and those with hearing loss greater than 10 dB were further scrutinised.Results:Out of 187 patients who underwent myringoplasty procedures, 44 (23.53 per cent) experienced a reduction in hearing thresholds. In seven cases (3.74 per cent), the hearing loss was greater than 10 dB. A case note review revealed no obvious predictive factors, although posterior perforations and the possibility of ossicular chain manipulation were considered.Conclusion:Hearing loss following myringoplasty is not rare, and this may alter the consent process for this procedure.
Antiviral agents convey added benefit over steroids alone in Bell's palsy; decompression should be considered in patients who are not recovering
Authors: De Ru J A , Brennan P A , Martens E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:The management of Bell's palsy has been the subject of much debate, with corticosteroids being the preferred medication. However, evidence also supports the use of antiviral drugs for severe cases and even decompression surgery in patients who, despite medical treatment, are not recovering.Method:A literature review was conducted on the management of Bell's palsy.Results:This paper describes the background, statistical evidence, study results and pathophysiological theories that support more aggressive treatment for patients with severe palsy and those who have inadequate recovery.Conclusion:Combination therapy including antiviral medication significantly improves outcomes in patients with severe Bell's palsy. Decompression should be considered in patients who have not recovered with drug treatment.
Assessment of upper airway obstruction by measuring peak oral and nasal inspiratory flow
Authors: Bathala S , Eccles R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:We wanted to access upper airway obstruction in patients undergoing tonsillectomy by measuring peak oral and nasal inspiratory airflow.Methods:We recruited study participants from a cohort of patients on the waiting list for tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, at University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK. Fifty patients enrolled on phase I of the study and underwent pre-operative measurement of the rate of peak oral and nasal inspiratory flow; 25 of these patients returned after one month for phase II of the study and underwent post-operative measurement of the rate of both peak oral and nasal inspiratory flow.Results:Of the 25 participants who completed phase II of the study, 17 (68 per cent) showed an increase in post-operative peak oral inspiratory flow rate by an average of 45 per cent, while 18 (72 per cent) showed an increase in post-operative peak nasal inspiratory flow rate by an average of 22 per cent.Conclusion:Both peak oral and nasal inspiratory flow rate measurements may be useful measures of oral and nasal obstruction. Further larger studies are needed to develop these measurements as screening and efficacy measures for adenotonsillectomy to relieve upper airway obstruction.
Sir Harold Delf Gillies, the otolaryngologist and father of modern facial plastic surgery: review of his rhinoplasty case notes
Authors: Spencer C R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:Sir Harold Gillies, born in New Zealand, is widely considered a British icon and the father of modern plastic surgery.Objective:This article provides an overview of his life and the circumstances which led to him laying the foundations of plastic surgery in Britain in the early twentieth century.Methods:A hand search and review of case notes from the Gillies Archives at Queen Mary's Hospital in Sidcup, UK, where he made history, was conducted.Results and conclusion:Gillies' ongoing legacy was found to also include his influence on the development of his cousin Sir Archibald McIndoe's work. Gillies was a talented sportsman who engaged in charitable activities. Additionally, he was a gifted teacher, with his hospital attracting many young surgeons from around the world. He was found to have expressed genius in both the design and execution of the art and science of surgery. He incepted reconstructive techniques ranging from the world's first gender reassignment operation to facial reanimation procedures for the treatment of facial paralysis. His operative work on ex-servicemen in need of complex rhinoplasty and in particular the inception of the tubed pedicle flap are depicted.