bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transsphenoidal surgery for malignant pituitary lesions: an analysis of inpatient complications
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Pines Morgan J. , Raikundalia Milap D. , Folbe Adam J. , Baredes Soly , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundFewer than 4% of pituitary tumors are malignant lesions. These tumors predominantly represent metastatic disease from elsewhere. This study evaluates inpatient complications, demographics, and hospitalization characteristics of patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for malignant pituitary lesions.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample was evaluated for TSS patients from 1998 to 2010. Demographics, hospitalization characteristics, and complications were evaluated among patients with malignant lesions and compared to those with benign tumors.ResultsThere were 17,425 inpatient records, 1.0% of which involved malignant pituitary tumors. There was no difference in age between these cohorts (p = 0.378). Patients with malignant tumors had greater length of stay (6.7 days vs 4.5 days, p = 0.003) and higher trending charges ($55,371 vs $40,550 p = 0.091). The most common postoperative complications among patients with malignant lesions included diabetes insipidus (DI) (17.9%), fluid/electrolyte abnormalities (14.0%), neurological complications (5.6%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea (2.2%), and iatrogenic pituitary disorders (2.2%). Patients with malignant lesions had a significantly greater rates of postoperative DI and fluid/electrolyte abnormalities (odds ratio = 2.0 and 1.7, respectively), whereas no statistical difference was noted in the rates of CSF rhinorrhea (p = 0.372).ConclusionIn this analysis of inpatient hospitalizations for TSS patients, malignant pituitary disease was associated with a greater rate of postoperative DI and fluid/electrolyte abnormalities, but no differences in the rates of postoperative CSF rhinorrhea and other complications were found. Patients with malignant pituitary lesions undergoing TSS had significantly longer hospitalizations and higher trending charges than those with benign lesions. This analysis is, however, subject to the limitations of the database.
Intradermal testing after negative skin prick testing for patients with high suspicion of allergy
Authors: Larrabee Yuna C. , Reisacher William 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundSkin testing is a widely accepted method for identifying inhalant allergies. Intradermal (ID) testing is often performed after negative skin prick testing (SPT) when a practitioner has a high level of clinical suspicion for a particular allergen.MethodsA retrospective chart review study was performed over a 5‐year period in patients with negative SPT for airborne allergens who also underwent ID testing based on a high level of suspicion for clinical allergy.ResultsEighty‐seven patients had negative SPT and went on to receive an average of 7 ID tests per patient. A total of 592 ID tests were performed after negative SPT. Of these, 20.8% (123/592) had a positive ID result with negative SPT. The allergens with the greatest percentage of positive ID results with negative SPTs were dog, cat, D. farinae, and D. pteronyssinus (33.3%, 34.3%, 39.4%, and 39.6%, respectively). The allergens least likely to test positive on ID testing after negative SPT were red maple, Cladosporium, and Alternaria (0%, 6.3%, and 6.5%, respectively).ConclusionApproximately 20% of all negative results on SPT will have a positive ID test, more likely for indoor allergens. If a high suspicion for allergy exists in a patient with a negative SPT result, it may be useful to proceed with ID testing. However, the clinical significance of a positive ID test after negative SPT still needs to be elucidated.
Stereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloadditions of Ene‐Allenes
Authors: Noucti Njamkou N. , Alexanian Erik J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA stereoselective nickel‐catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition of ene‐allenes is reported. This transformation encompasses a broad range of ene‐allene substrates, thus providing efficient access to fused cyclobutanes from easily accessed π‐components. A simple and inexpensive first‐row catalytic system comprised of [Ni(cod)2] and dppf was used in this process, thus constituting an attractive approach to synthetically challenging cyclobutane frameworks under mild reaction conditions.
Dependence of Distance Distributions Derived from Double Electron–Electron Resonance Pulsed EPR Spectroscopy on Pulse‐Sequence Time
Authors: Baber James L. , Louis John M. , Clore G. Marius 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPulsed double electron–electron resonance (DEER) provides pairwise P(r) distance distributions in doubly spin labeled proteins. We report that in protonated proteins, P(r) is dependent on the length of the second echo period T owing to local environmental effects on the spin‐label phase memory relaxation time Tm. For the protein ABD, this effect results in a 1.4 Å increase in the P(r) maximum from T=6 to 20 μs. Protein A has a bimodal P(r) distribution, and the relative height of the shorter distance peak at T=10 μs, the shortest value required to obtain a reliable P(r), is reduced by 40 % relative to that found by extrapolation to T=0. Our results indicate that data at a series of T values are essential for quantitative interpretation of DEER to determine the extent of the T dependence and to extrapolate the results to T=0. Complete deuteration (99 %) of the protein was accompanied by a significant increase in Tm and effectively abolished the P(r) dependence on T.
Recovery and characterization of lignin from alkaline straw pulping black liquor: As feedstock for bio‐oil research
Authors: Tian Zhengbin , Zong Lei , Niu Rujie , Wang Xiao , Li Yan , Ai Shiyun 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTConversion of lignin derived from lignocellulosic biomass to bio‐oil has the promising potential to significantly reduce petroleum dependence. For that purpose, it is necessary to search for a low‐cost lignin source. In this study, lignin sample was separated from straw pulping black liquor by HCl‐precipitation, followed by extraction with a mixture of dioxane and water. The content of lignin in the total black liquor solid reached up to 34.8%, determined by UV spectroscopy, and the yield could account for 74.4% of the total lignin composition. The structure of lignin was investigated by various spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H‐NMR, XRD, and XPS. The structural analysis revealed that recovered lignin preserved basic lignin structure, but had relatively lower amount of β‐O‐4 linkages. The molecular weights were studied through THF‐eluted GPC showing that separated lignin had the low Mn, which was favorable for the full degradation process during conversion of lignin to bio‐oil. Therefore, a feasible solution for effective utilization of lignin in straw pulping black liquor as feedstock for bio‐oil was proposed in the study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42057.
Tensile mechanical properties and constitutive model for HTPB propellant at low temperature and high strain rate
Authors: Wang Zhejun , Qiang Hongfu , Wang Guang , Huang Quanzhang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTo investigate the mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant at low temperature and high strain rate, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted over the range of temperatures 233 to 298 K and strain rates 0.4 to 14.14 s−1 using an INSTRON testing machine, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the tensile fracture surfaces. The experimental results indicate that the deformation properties of HTPB propellant are remarkably influenced by temperature and strain rate. The characteristics of stress–strain curves at low temperatures are different from that at room temperature, and the effects of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties are closely related to the changes of properties and the fracture mechanisms of HTPB propellant. The dominating fracture mechanism depends much on the temperature and changes from the dewetting and matrix tearing at room temperature to the particle brittle fracture at low temperature, and the effect of strain rate only alters the mechanism in a quantitative manner. Finally, a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model incorporating the damage evolution and the effects of temperature and strain rate was developed to describe the stress responses of this propellant under the test conditions. During this process, the Schapery‐type constitutive theories were applied and one damage variable was considered to establish the damage evolution function. The overlap between experimental results and predicted results are generally good, which confirms that the developed constitutive model is valid, however, further researches should be done due to some drawbacks in describing the deformation behaviors at very large strain. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42104.
Stellar populations of the bulges of four spiral galaxies
Authors: Morelli L. , Pizzella A. , Corsini E. M. , Bontà E. Dalla , Coccato L. , Méndez‐Abreu J. , Parmiggiani M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractKey information to understand the formation and evolution of disk galaxies are imprinted in the stellar populations of their bulges. This paper has the purpose to make available new measurements of the stellar population properties of the bulges of four spiral galaxies. Both the central values and radial profiles of the line strength of some of the most common Lick indices are measured along the major‐ and minor‐ axis of the bulge‐dominated region of the sample galaxies. The corresponding age, metallicity, and α /Fe ratio are derived by using the simple stellar population synthesis model predictions. The central values and the gradients of the stellar population properties of ESO‐LV 1890070, ESO‐LV 4460170, and ESO‐LV 5140100 are consistent with previous findings for bulges of spiral galaxies. On the contrary, the bulge of ESO‐LV 4500200 shows peculiar chemical properties possibly due to the presence of a central kinematically‐decoupled component. The negative metallicity gradient found in our bulges sample indicates a relevant role for the dissipative collapse in bulge formation. However, the shallow gradients found for the age and α /Fe ratio suggests that merging can not be completely ruled out for the sample bulges. This is confirmed by the properties of ESO‐LV 4500200 which can hardly be explained without invoking the capture of external material. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Infrastrukturbauwerken am Beispiel der Helgoländer Südkaje
Authors: Jäppelt Ulrich , Schadow Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAm Beispiel der Helgoländer Südkaje wird der ökologische Aspekt einer Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Infrastrukturbauwerken an unterschiedlichen Vorplanungsvarianten einer Ufereinfassung dargestellt.Evaluation of Sustainable Infrastructure Using the Southern Quay of Helgoland as an ExampleDrawing on the planning of the Southern Quay of Heligoland, this article shows an opportunity to evaluate sustainable infrastructure. The analysis of different planning variants allows to rate the ecological aspect of sustainability.
Integration – Partizipation – Diversifikation: Städtische Mobilität und Infrastrukturen der Zukunft
Authors: Hertzsch Eckhart , Vobruba Martha 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDie städtische Mobilität der Zukunft ist Nachhaltigkeitszielen verpflichtet; dies im Sinne der Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen, Schmutz, Hitze‐ und Lärmbelastung und der Schaffung bzw. Wiederbelebung lebenswerter Stadträume. Dieses Ziel interagiert mit der vorhandenen Infrastruktur insofern als Stadtraum und Verkehr einander bedingen. Auch innovative Mobilitätskonzepte stehen in enger Wechselwirkung mit dem Stadtraum. Es bedarf mutiger Entscheidungen und intelligenter Ansätze, um die Stadt und ihre Wegenetzte, Verkehrskonzepte und Gebäude‐ sowie Energieinfrastrukturen an die Erfordernisse der Zukunft anzupassen. Städtebauliche Entwicklungen fördern insbesondere die Verkehrslenkung und ‐reduktion – Prämissen, der sich urbane Zentren vermehrt stellen müssen. Die Vernetzung von Gebäude‐, Energie‐ und Verkehrsinfrastruktur bietet große Potenziale, alternative Antriebsformen in der Stadt ubiquitär verfügbar zu machen. Hier sind Stadtverwaltungen und ‐planer sowie Forschungseinrichtungen verschiedener Disziplinen dazu angehalten, gemeinsam und unter Einbezug der Stadtbewohnerinnen und ‐bewohner als gleichberechtigte Partner, Lösungen zu generieren. Indem den Anforderungen der Energiewende und des Klimawandels Rechnung getragen wird, ist ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Schonung der Umwelt geleistet. Dabei ist das System Stadt als ganzheitlicher Handlungsansatz zu begreifen, wodurch entsprechende Maßnahmen planerisch und wissenschaftlich sektorübergreifenden Charakter besitzen müssen.Integration – Participation – Diversification: Urban mobility and infrastructures of the futureUrban mobility of the future commits itself to sustainability goals; this, in the sense of reducing CO2 emissions, dirt, heat and noise as well as protecting, creating and rejuvenating liveable urban spaces. These objectives interact with the existing infrastructure, in so far as urban space and transportation are entwined with each other. Also innovative mobility concepts interconnect with the city space. Courageous decisions and intelligent approaches are needed, to adapt the cities' road and path networks, transportation concepts as well as building and energy infrastructures to future needs. Urban developments are pushing towards traffic control and reduction. Linking building, energy and traffic infrastructure is offering a high potential to provide alternative forms of drive mechanisms in the entire urban space. Municipalities, city planners and research institutions of various disciplines are admonished to develop solutions together with the citizens as equal partners. By allowing the requirements for energy transformation and climate change, a significant contribution towards protection of our environment is fulfilled. The city system needs to be understood holistically, causing planning and research activities to be dealt with in a transdisciplinary and cross‐sectoral manner.
Maximization and Search for Alternatives in Decision Situations With and Without Loss of Options
Authors: Patalano Andrea L. , Weizenbaum Emma L. , Lolli Sydney L. , Anderson Alexandra 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMaximizing tendency has been associated with greater accumulation of choice alternatives prior to selection of a preference. It is not known whether this search behavior extends to situations in which accumulation of new choice alternatives comes with the potential loss of existing ones. In Study 1, we replicate the original finding of greater accumulation of choice alternatives, using a computer‐based laboratory task. We then provide evidence, in Studies 2 and 3, that when potential loss of existing options is incorporated into the task, maximization is associated with less rather than more search for additional options. Maximization components of decision difficulty and alternative search, but not high standards or satisficing, explain this behavior. Other task measures are also collected, but few maximization‐related differences are observed. The findings support an interpretation of maximizers as decision makers who are as concerned with the potential loss of existing options as with the loss of undiscovered future ones. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex renal cysts associated with crizotinib treatment
Authors: Schnell Patrick , Bartlett Cynthia H. , Solomon Benjamin J. , Tassell Vanessa , Shaw Alice T. , de Pas Tommaso , Lee Soo‐Hyun , Lee Geon Kook , Tanaka Kaoru , Tan Weiwei , Tang Yiyun , Wilner Keith D. , Safferman Allan , Han Ji‐Youn 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn apparent causal association between crizotinib treatment and renal cyst development emerged during clinical trials in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serious adverse event (SAE) reports of renal cysts from a safety database of 1375 patients from four clinical trials were reviewed. A blinded, retrospective, independent radiologic review (IRR) was performed using scans from patients on study for ≥6 months in three clinical trials; risk factors for renal cyst development were assessed. Among 17 patients with renal cysts reported as SAEs, evidence of invasion into adjacent structures was noted in seven patients, with no evidence of malignancy found. These patients generally did not require dose reductions, none required permanent crizotinib discontinuation due to this AE, and most continued treatment with clinical benefit. In the blinded IRR, among 255 crizotinib‐treated patients, 22%, 3%, and 2% had preexisting simple cysts, complex cysts, or both, respectively. At the 6‐month tumor assessment, 9% of all patients had acquired new cysts, and 2% of patients with preexisting cysts had developed new cysts and enlargements (>50%) of preexisting simple cysts. Asians appeared to have an increased risk of developing new cysts on treatment; Koreans in particular had 5.18 times higher odds of developing cysts than non‐Asians (95% confidence interval, 1.51–17.78; P = 0.05). Crizotinib treatment appears to be associated with an increased risk of development and progression of renal cysts in patients with ALK‐positive NSCLC. While close monitoring is recommended, dosing modification was not generally necessary, allowing patients to remain on crizotinib treatment.
Refractory immune thrombocytopenia. Successful treatment with repeated cyclosporine A: two case reports
Authors: Hlusi Antonin , Szotkowski Tomas , Indrak Karel 
Published: March 2015

Key Clinical MessageTreatment of chronic, severe refractory immune thrombocytopenia after splenectomy is difficult. Only less data exist on clinical use of cyclosporine A (CyA) in the management of refractory ITP. In this report, we describe two cases in which standard immunosuppressive therapy, other immunosuppression including cyclosporine A or splenectomy had no therapeutic effect. Even after splenectomy, recommended procedures were inefficient and critical thrombocytes count persisted. After repeated administration of cyclosporine A which had been ineffective prior to splenectomy; however, both patients achieved long‐term complete remission of the ITP. Side effects of CyA were moderate. The presented cases have confirmed the potential therapeutic effect of CyA in refractory post‐SE ITP.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Sustainable Access to Functionalized Julolidines through Hydrogen Autotransfer
Authors: Labed Amira , Jiang Fan , Labed Ilhem , Lator Alexis , Peters Marius , Achard Mathieu , Kabouche Ahmed , Kabouche Zahia , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Bruneau Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe straightforward and ecofriendly preparation of functionalized julolidines starting from tetrahydroquinoline, diols, and aldehydes, for which water is produced as the only side product was investigated. To achieve this task, several well‐defined ruthenium and iridium complexes including three new complexes were prepared from the corresponding phosphine–sulfonates, phosphine–carboxylates, and phosphine–phosphonates. The first transformation involved in situ generation of enaminoiminium intermediates, which allowed the formation of the julolidines through formal N,C(sp2)‐cyclization of tetrahydroquinoline and the propane‐1,3‐diols. The influence of the chelate acidity points out that [Cp*IrIII]‐based catalysts (Cp*=C5Me5) featuring phosphine–carboxylate and phosphine–sulfonate ligands were suitable for the cyclization, whereas the acidic phosphinophosphonate‐containing complex favored the formation of reduced N‐alkylated tetrahydroquinoline. We found that substitution of the propane‐1,3‐diols was crucial for the generation of enaminoiminium ions, which accounts for the efficiency and selectivity of the reaction. Applying another hydrogen autotransfer process, the prepared julolidines were easily functionalized at the C2 position.
Feasibility of the Constrained Free Energy Method for Modeling NO Formation in Combustion
Authors: Kangas Petteri , Koukkari Pertti , Brink Anders , Hupa Mikko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEmissions of nitrogen oxide (NO) from combustion are modeled based on the constrained free energy method (CFE). The CFE method is an extension of the Gibbs' free energy minimization technique, using additional immaterial constraints which allow for the calculation of local thermodynamic equilibria. Chemical reactions, enthalpic effect, and thermochemical state variables are calculated concurrently. Various kinetic constraints were applied in this study for modeling thermal and fuel‐based NO emissions for a number of combustion problems. The results were validated against data obtained from detailed kinetic models. The results indicate that the CFE method can be used for modeling post‐flame thermal and fuel‐based NO emissions. Where more specific estimation of radical buildup, radical overshoot, and ignition delay is needed, however, the accuracy of the applied CFE method was deemed insufficient.
Unique Hydrogen‐Bonded Complex of Hydronium and Hydroxide Ions
Authors: Stapf Manuel , Seichter Wilhelm , Mazik Monika 
Published: March 2015

AbstractH3O+ and OH−, formed by the self‐ionization of two coordinating water molecules during the crystal growing of a host molecule [1,3,5‐tris(hydroxymethyl)2,4,6‐triethylbenzene (1)], could be effectively stabilized by hydrogen‐bonding interactions with the preorganized hydroxy groups of three molecules of 1. The binding motifs observed in the complex (1)3⋅H3O+⋅HO− show remarkable similarity to those postulated for the hydrated hydronium and hydroxide ion complexes, which play important roles in various chemical, biological, and atmospheric processes, but their molecular structures are still not fully understood and remain a subject of intensive research.
The Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐53(Al) Constructed from Multiple Metal Sources: Alumina, Aluminum Hydroxide, and Boehmite
Authors: Li Zehua , Wu Yi‐nan , Li Jie , Zhang Yiming , Zou Xin , Li Fengting 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThree aluminum compounds, namely alumina, aluminum hydroxide, and boehmite, are probed as the metal sources for the hydrothermal synthesis of a typical metal–organic framework MIL‐53(Al). The process exhibits enhanced synthetic efficiency without the generation of strongly acidic byproducts. The time‐course monitoring of conversion from different aluminum sources into MIL‐53(Al) is achieved by multiple characterization that reveals a similar but differentiated crystallinity, porosity, and morphology relative to typical MIL‐53(Al) prepared from water‐soluble aluminum salts. Moreover, the prepared MIL‐53(Al) constructed with the three insoluble aluminum sources exhibit an improved thermal stability of up to nearly 600 °C and enhanced yields. Alumina and boehmite are more preferable than aluminum hydroxide in terms of product porosity, yield, and reaction time. The adsorption performances of a typical environmental endocrine disruptor, dimethyl phthalate, on the prepared MIL‐53(Al) samples are also investigated. The improved structural stability of MIL‐53(Al) prepared from these alternative aluminum sources enables double‐enhanced adsorption performance (up to 206 mg g−1) relative to the conventionally obtained MIL‐53(Al).