bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustering of simple aminosulfonic acids – electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study
Authors: Haupa Karolina , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Mielke Zofia 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEAminosulfonic acids are structurally related to amino acids as bifunctional compounds. Some of them like taurine and homotaurine play important roles in biology. Although there is a vast literature devoted to the electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI‐MS) study of amino acid aggregation, no such study has been performed so far for aminosulfonic acids.METHODSA gas‐phase clustering study was performed for aminomethanesulfonic acid (AMS), taurine (Tau), homotaurine (HT), and cysteic acid (CA) from water and methanol/water solutions, using a Bruker TOF‐Q spectrometer equipped with an ESI source, in the negative‐ion mode. For selected anionic clusters the tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra were recorded and the breakdown curves were obtained. The cluster formation abilities (ACS parameter) of the studied molecules were calculated.RESULTSBoth singly and doubly charged clusters were formed when the acids were electrosprayed from water solutions; they may be described as [(H3N‐R‐SO3)n–zH]z–, where z = 1 or 2. The largest identified clusters are built of 20, 22, 20 and 4 monomers of AMS, Tau, HT and CA, respectively. The doubly negatively charged clusters were observed for n ≥9, 12, 14 in the case of AMS, Tau and HT. AMS pentamers and Tau, HT tetramers and hexamers show higher stabilities than the other clusters.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that aminosulfonic acids form large stable clusters, similarly to aminocarboxylic acids. The cluster formation ability decreases with an increase in CH2 chain length within the series of the studied compounds. The large singly and doubly charged aggregates are formed under the conditions of the experiment, possibly in the droplets. Taurine dissolved in water seems to be a good calibrant for electrospray instruments in negative ion mode. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representation Reaction Abilities of Structural Units and Related Thermodynamic Properties in Fe–P Binary Melts Based on the Atom–Molecule Coexistence Theory
Authors: Yang Xue‐min , Li Peng‐cheng , Li Jin‐yan , Zhang Meng , Zhang Jian‐liang , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA thermodynamic model for calculating the mass action concentrations of structural units in Fe–P binary melts based on the atom–molecule coexistence theory, i.e., AMCT–Ni model, has been developed and verified through comparing with the reported activities of both P and Fe in Fe–P binary melts with mole fraction xP of P <0.33 in a temperature from 1406 K to 1973 K. The calculated mass action concentration NP of P or NFe of Fe has a very good 1:1 corresponding relationship with the reported activity aR,P of P or aR,Fe of Fe relative to pure liquid P(l) or Fe(l) as standard state, and can be applied to substitute the measured activity aR,P of P or aR,Fe of Fe in Fe–P binary melts. The Raoultian activity coefficient of P and of Fe in the infinitely dilute solution of Fe–P binary melts in a temperature from 1406 K to 1973 K have been determined from the calculated mass action concentrations Ni of structural units in Fe–P binary melts. The activity aR,i, a%,i, and aH,i of P or Fe relative to three standard states have been obtained. The values of the first‐order activity interaction coefficient or or of P and Fe related with activity coefficients γi or f%,i or fH,i of P and Fe in Fe–P binary melts are also determined.
Three‐stage evolution of lower crustal gneiss domes at Breaksea Entrance, Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: Betka Paul M. , Klepeis Keith A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNew structural analyses reveal the presence of several kilometer‐scale gneiss domes and many subdomes within an exhumed section of Cretaceous lower crust in SW Fiordland. The domes are defined by complex, nearly concentric trajectories of foliations and steep high‐strain zones in migmatitic, granulite, and eclogite facies orthogneiss. Structural patterns combined with evidence of deformation that was synchronous with partial melting and high‐grade metamorphism, steep mineral lineation orientations, sense of shear indicators, and near‐isothermal decompression suggest that buoyancy‐driven diapiric flow of hot, partially molten crust aided initial dome formation. Mafic‐intermediate magmatism appears to have enhanced this process. Superimposed on all high‐grade structures are upper amphibolite facies shear zones that record a change in the style and conditions of lower crustal flow. Lineation orientations, sense of shear, evidence of cooling with decompression, and other patterns suggest that the retrograde shear zones record bulk horizontal flow and crustal thinning driven by regional tectonic forces. A preferred sequence begins with the initial emplacement of mafic‐intermediate magma into the lower crust at depths up to 70 km (D1). Diapirism and initial dome formation occurred during a period of waning arc magmatism and episodic partial melting and high‐grade metamorphism (D2). Following melt crystallization, dominantly horizontal flow of a cooler, strain‐hardened lower crust occurred during Late Cretaceous continental extension (D3). This example highlights the interplay between mechanisms of horizontal and vertical flow at the root of a continental arc and illustrates their roles in the formation of gneiss domes.
Recent progress of SiC power devices and applications
Authors: Li Lijuan , Li Canbing , Cao Yijia , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDevices made of the wide‐bandgap semiconductor silicon carbide are capable of not only providing excellent performance for higher voltages, higher switching frequencies, higher junction temperatures, and higher power than silicon devices, but also leading to drastic reduction in system complexity, volume, and weight, as well as higher efficiency and better reliability of power electronics systems. The newly emerged technology has made rapid progress during the past decade, and we can expect even greater advantages and potential for energy savings and emission reduction in the coming years. In this paper, the research on SiC material and device technologies, the benefits, and some remaining issues are discussed. Recent progress (since 2007) in applications such as DC–DC, AC–DC, DC–AC, and AC–AC converters is discussed. Also, future applications and perspectives are analyzed. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Anterior compartment mesh: a descriptive study of mesh anchoring failure
Authors: Shek K. L. , Wong V. , Lee J. , Rosamilia A. , Rane A. J. , Krause H. , Goh J. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo define types of support failure after anterior compartment mesh placement and to investigate any association with predictors of recurrence.MethodsThis was a retrospective study on patients ≥ 3 months after anterior mesh placement. All patients underwent a standardized interview, clinical examination using the International Continence Society Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (ICS POP‐Q) and three‐dimensional/four‐dimensional (3D/4D) translabial ultrasound. Mesh failure was defined as recurrence of anterior/central compartment prolapse seen on ultrasound. Failures were classified as anterior, global and apical. Their association with hiatal area on Valsalva maneuver and levator avulsion was tested.ResultsThree hundred and one patients were seen initially, of whom five were excluded because of missing data, leaving 296. Mean follow‐up was 1.8 (range, 0.3–5.6) years. Mean age was 65 (range, 32–88) years. One hundred and thirty-nine (47%) women were fitted with a PerigeeTM mesh, 66 (22%) with an Anterior ProliftTM mesh and 91 (31%) with an Anterior ElevateTM mesh. Recurrent symptoms (lump/drag) were reported in 65 (22%), a recurrent cystocele was noted in 128 clinically (43%) and in 105 on ultrasound (35%). Avulsion was diagnosed in 117 patients (40%). Mean hiatal area on Valsalva was 33.3 (range, 14.1–60.0) cm2. Mesh failure was diagnosed in 112 patients (38%), comprising global failure in 81 (27%), apical failure in 23 (8%) and anterior failure in eight (3%). Apical and global failures were significantly associated with hiatal area, associations that remained after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionsMesh failure, i.e. anterior or central compartment recurrent prolapse, was noted in 38% of patients on average 1.8 years after placement of anterior compartment mesh. Global and apical failures together constituted 93% of all mesh failures, both types of failure being significantly associated with hiatal area on Valsalva maneuver. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Brief report: Affluence and college alcohol problems: The relevance of parent‐ and child‐reported indicators of socioeconomic status
Authors: Harrell Zaje A.T. , Huang Jason L. , Kepler Dawn M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA mediational model predicting alcohol problems was tested in a sample of college students (n = 130) and their parents (n = 115). The indirect effect of substance‐use coping and the age of onset of alcohol use were examined in the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and alcohol problems. Findings indicated that parent‐reported SES was associated with increased alcohol problems; the age of onset of alcohol use partially mediated this relationship. Substance‐use coping was not a significant mediator in the model. Student‐reported SES was not associated with alcohol problems. Implications for examining social status in relation to college drinking behaviors are discussed.
Isokinetic Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Strength after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison between Single-bundle and Double-bundle Reconstruction
Authors: Emily Yip Ka-Yan , Wai-Lam Chan , Chester Lie Wai-Hung , Kevin Wong Kwun-Hung , Siu-Bon Woo , Wing-Cheung Wong 
Published: July 2013

Introduction Clinical studies have not yet proven whether single-bundle (SB) or double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is superior. Nonetheless, quadriceps and hamstring muscle deficit is common after ACL reconstruction and it may affect the final outcome. The purpose of this study was to compare the isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after SB-ACL and DB-ACL reconstruction. Materials and methods We recruited 40 patients with ACL reconstruction (20 SB and 20 DB) by the same team of surgeons from 2006 to 2009. Demographic data of both groups were comparable. Lower extremity concentric isokinetic peak extension and flexion torques were assessed at angular velocities of 60°/second, 180°/second, and 300°/second preoperatively and at least 1 year postoperatively. Clinical evaluation was performed, including anterior stability with an arthrometer (model KT-1000), Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, single leg hop test, and International Knee Documentation Committee score. Data were analysed statistically. Results The isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring peak torque values in both the SB and DB groups did not show any significant difference. The maximum displacement upon KT-1000 arthrometer measurement appeared lower in the DB group but the difference was not significant. The side-to-side percentage deficits in quadriceps and hamstring peak torque at postoperative assessment were comparable in both groups. Conclusion Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after SB-ACL or DB-ACL reconstruction was comparable.
III. On a Nearly Perfect Specimen of Eurypterus lanceolatus (Salter) from the Upper Ludlow Rock at Lesma-hagow, Lanarkshire.
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: July 2013

This species (under the generic name of Himantopterus)was first noticed by Mr J. W. Salter in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for 1856 (vol. xii. p. 28, fig. 5); but only the penultimate segment and telson were then known.In vol. xv. of the same Journal (1859), Mr, Salter described eight species of Eurypterus, from the Upper Ludlow Rocks and the Old Red Sandstone; but he did not refer to E. lanceolatus in that paper. Of these eight species of Eurypterus, E. pygmceus, from its smaller size, is the best preserved species. It occurs in the Downton Sandstone of Kington, in the Basement-beds of the Old Red Sandstone at the Ludlow Railway, and in the Upper Ludlow Rock of Ludford; and I have lately seen an entire specimen (in the cabinet of Mr. Jas. Powrie, F.G.S.), only one inch in length, from the Old Red Sandstone of Petterden in the Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire.
Using mental models in the analysis of human–wildlife conflict from the perspective of a social–ecological system in Namibia
Authors: Mosimane Alfons Wabahe , McCool Stephen , Brown Perry , Ingrebretson Jane 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts occur within the context of a complex social–ecological system influenced by a wide variety of social, economic and political forces. Management responses to human–wildlife conflict are based on certain assumptions and perceptions that form the mental models of this system. Understanding these mental models provides opportunity for various stakeholders to engage management staff based on shared components and direct attention to areas of disagreement, and involve organizations that are normally considered to be outside the domain of human–wildlife conflict. Mind mapping was used in this study to identify mental models that people hold about human–wildlife conflict in Namibia, a country that has seen rapid increases in conflict, and to describe the principal factors and variables leading to such conflict. The results indicate that mind mapping is a useful tool for uncovering mental models of conflict and can reveal significant variables in reduction of conflict such as land-use planning and livelihood enhancement.
Assessing the Control-Theory
Authors: OHLIN JENS DAVID , VAN SLIEDREGT ELIES , WEIGEND THOMAS 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAs the first cases before the ICC proceed to the Appeals Chamber, the judges ought to critically evaluate the merits and demerits of the control-theory of perpetratorship and its related doctrines. The request for a possible recharacterization of the form of responsibility in the case ofKatangaand the recent acquittal of Ngudjolo can be taken as indications that the control-theory is problematic as a theory of liability. The authors, in a spirit of constructive criticism, invite the ICC Appeals Chamber to take this unique opportunity to reconsider or improve the control-theory as developed by the Pre-Trial Chambers in theLubangaandKatangacases.
AMGET, an R‐Based Postprocessing Tool for ADAPT 5
Authors: Guiastrennec B , Wollenberg L , Forrest A , Ait‐Oudhia S 
Published: July 2013

ADAPT 5 is a powerful modeling software for population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic systems analysis, but provides limited built‐in functionality for creating pre‐ and post‐analysis diagnostic plots. ADAPT 5 Model Evaluation Graphical Toolkit (AMGET), an external package written in the open source R programming language, was developed specifically to support efficient postprocessing of ADAPT 5 runs, as well as NONMEM and S‐ADAPT runs. Using interactive navigational menus, users of AMGET are able to rapidly create informative diagnostic plots enriched by the display of numerical and graphical elements with a high degree of customization using a simple settings spreadsheet. This article describes each feature of the AMGET package and illustrates how it allows users to utilize the powerful numerical routines of the ADAPT 5 package in a more efficient manner through the use of a simulated dataset and a simple pharmacokinetic model optimized using the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm of ADAPT 5.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e61; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.36; published online 31 July 2013
Issues in Understanding the Impact of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act on Hospital Sharps Injuries
Authors: Phillips Elayne Kornblatt , Conaway Mark , Parker Ginger , Perry Jane , Jagger Janine 
Published: July 2013

Objective.Measuring the effect of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act (NSPA) is challenging. No agreement exists on a common denominator for calculating injury rates. Does it make a difference? How are the law and safety-engineered devices related? What is the effect on injuries and costs? This study examines those issues in assessing the impact of the legislation on hospital worker percutaneous injuries.Methods.Using a historic prospective design, we analyzed injury data from 85 hospitals. Injury rates were calculated per 100 full-time equivalents, 100 staffed beds, and 100 admissions each year from 1995 to 2005. We compared changes for each denominator. We measured the proportion of the injury rate attributed to safety-engineered devices. Finally, we estimated a national change in injuries and associated costs.Results.For all denominators, a precipitous drop in injury rates of greater than one-third (P<.001) occurred in 2001, immediately following the legislation. The decrease was sustained through 2005. Concomitant with the decrease in rates, the proportion of injuries from safety-engineered devices nearly tripled (P <.001) across all denominators. We estimated annual reductions of more than 100,000 sharps injuries at a cost savings of $69-$415 million.Conclusions.While the data cannot demonstrate cause and effect, the evidence suggests a reduction in hospital worker injury rates related to the NSPA, regardless of denominator. It also suggests an association between the increase in safety-engineered devices and the reduction in overall injury rates. The decreases observed translate into significant reductions in injuries and associated costs.
Predicting the Effects of Sugar‐Sweetened Beverage Taxes on Food and Beverage Demand in a Large Demand System
Authors: Zhen Chen , Finkelstein Eric A. , Nonnemaker James M. , Karns Shawn A. , Todd Jessica E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA censored Exact Affine Stone Index incomplete demand system is estimated for 23 packaged foods and beverages and a numéraire good. Instrumental variables are used to control for endogenous prices. A half‐cent per ounce increase in sugar‐sweetened beverage prices is predicted to reduce total calories from the 23 foods and beverages but increase sodium and fat intakes as a result of product substitution. The predicted decline in calories is larger for low‐income households than for high‐income households, although welfare loss is also higher for low‐income households. Neglecting price endogeneity or estimating a conditional demand model significantly overestimates the calorie reduction.
The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation outperforms the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate in chronic systolic heart failure
Authors: Valente Mattia A.E. , Hillege Hans L. , Navis Gerjan , Voors Adriaan A. , Dunselman Peter H.J.M. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Damman Kevin 
Published: July 2013

AimsThe Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) formula estimates glomerular filtration rate (GFR) better than the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (sMDRD) formula in numerous populations. It has not previously been validated in heart failure patients.Methods and resultsThe GFR was measured in 120 patients with chronic systolic heart failure (CHF) using [125I]iothalamate clearance (GFRIOTH) and estimated using the sMDRD and CKD‐EPI equations. Accuracy, bias, and prognostic performance were compared. Cockcroft–Gault, CKD‐EPI serum cystatin C, and CKD‐EPI creatinine–serum cystatin C equations were compared in secondary analyses. Mean age was 59 ± 12 years, 80% were male. Mean LVEF was 29 ± 10%. Mean GFRIOTH was 74 ± 27 mL/min/1.73 m2, and mean estimated GFR was 66 ± 23 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD‐EPI) and 63 ± 21 mL/min/1.73m2 (sMDRD). CKD‐EPI showed less bias than sMDRD (–8 ± 15 vs. –11 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001). Both equations underestimate at higher and overestimate at lower GFRIOTH. Eleven patients (9%) were accurately reclassified into lower CKD classes with CKD‐EPI. Cockcroft–Gault showed lower bias (–3 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m2) but worse precision and accuracy. Cystatin C‐based estimation showed the lowest bias (–3 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2) and the best precision and accuracy. Prognostic value did not differ between all GFR estimatesConclusionThe CKD‐EPI equation more accurately estimates measured GFR than the sMDRD equation in CHF patients, with less bias and greater accuracy and precision. The prognostic power of all GFR assessments was equivalent. Based on better performance and equal risk prediction, we believe the CKI‐EPI equation should be the preferred creatinine‐based GFR estimation method in heart failure patients, particularly those with preserved or moderately impaired renal function.
First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Fruit Rot of Pyrus sinkiangensis in China
Authors: Zhang M. , Wu H. Y. , Wang X. J. , Sun B. 
Published: July 2013

Fragrant pear, Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu, is widely cultured in northern China, and is typically sweeter and of higher economic value than other pears. (2,3). In early October 2012, a fruit rot affecting approximately 30% of 300 kg of P. sinkiangersis produced in Korla orchards of Xinjiang was observed in a market of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Early symptoms appeared as small, round, pale yellow-brown lesions on the fruit, which expanded from 10 to 20 mm diameter in 7 days. Later, affected fruit completely rotted and were covered with grey-white mycelium after 20 days. On the surface of mycelium, branched, septate conidiophores (2.0 mm tall and 13 to 15 μm thick) were produced. These were melanized at the base and hyaline near the apex. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to obovoid, with a slightly protuberant hilum and ranged from 7 to 13.5 × 5.5 to 8.5 μm. One isolate of the pathogen (zm120286) was made by dispersing conidia on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, directly removed from the sporulating tissue with thin needle. The colony was gray to white and produced blackish sclerotia at the edge of the colonies, which was 3.0 to 4.0 × 2.0 to 3.0 mm after 2 weeks of incubation at 22°C. The pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr on the basis of the morphology and ITS sequencing of rDNA (1,4). The sequence (GenBank Accession No. KF010847) was 100% identical to the sequences of two Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph: Botrytis cinerea) (e.g., GenBank Accession Nos. KC683713, HM849615). Koch's postulates were performed by placing a 5 mm diameter mycelia plug removed from the periphery of a 7-day-old colony of zm120286 on 10 surface-sterilized fresh fragrant pears collected from Korla orchards. An equal number of fresh fragrant pears were inoculated with 5 mm diameter plugs of PDA medium to serve as controls. All fragrant pears were incubated in clear plastic boxes with a dish of sterile distilled water at 25°C under ambient light. Symptoms identical to those described in the outbreak above were observed after 3 days. From each of the symptomatic pears, B. cinerea was recovered, whereas controls remained symptom-free. To our knowledge, this is the first outbreak of B. cinerea on P. sinkiangersis in China, which may necessitate the development of pre-harvest management practices. References: (1) M. B. Ellis. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, England, 1971. (2) X.W. Li et al. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(15):100-102, 2010. (3) T. Yu and K. Kuan. Acta Phytotaxon. Sin. 8: 202, 1963. (4) Z. Y. Zhang. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 26. Botrytis, Ramularia. Science Press, Beijing, 2006.