bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse Problem for Looped River Networks – Lower oder River Case Study
Authors: Kurnatowski Jacek 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Identification of coefficients determining flow resistance, in particular Manning’s roughness coefficients, is one of the possible inverse problems of mathematical modeling of flow distribution in looped river networks. The paper presents the solution of this problem for the lower Oder River network consisting of 78 branches connected by 62 nodes. Using results of six sets of flow measurements at particular network branches it was demonstrated that the application of iterative algorithm for roughness coefficients identification on the basis of the sensitivity-equation method leads to the explicit solution for all network branches, independent from initial values of identified coefficients.
Comparison of Landfill Leachate Treatment Efficiency Using the Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Pieczykolan Barbara , Płonka Izabela , Barbusiński Krzysztof , Amalio-Kosel Magdalena 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Treatment of leachate from an exploited since 2004 landfill by using two methods of advanced oxidation processes was performed. Fenton’s reagent with two different doses of hydrogen peroxide and iron and UV/H2O2 process was applied. The removal efficiency of biochemically oxidizable organic compounds (BOD5), chemically oxidizable compounds using potassium dichromate (CODCr) and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) was examined. Studies have shown that the greatest degree of organic compounds removal expressed as a BOD5 index and CODCr index were obtained when Fenton’s reagent with greater dose of hydrogen peroxide was used - efficiency was respectively 72.0% and 69.8%. Moreover, in this case there was observed an increase in the value of ratio of BOD5/CODCr in treated leachate in comparison with raw leachate. Application of Fenton’s reagent for leachate treatment also allowed for more effective removal of nutrients in comparison with the UV/H2O2 process.
Modelling of Pollution Transport with Sediment on the Example of the Widawa River
Authors: Kasperek Robert , Mokwa Marian , Wiatkowski Mirosław 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the contamination transport condition with sediment in the Widawa River, which inflows to the Odra River below Wrocław city. The transport simulations have been performed by means of HEC-RAS model, which was calibrated. Study and geochemical analyses indicate that pollutions are cumulated mainly in sediment of grain size, less than 0,20 mm. It was stated that the main sources of contaminations occurring in the Widawa River bottoms are: superficial run-off, municipal and industrial wastes. Sediment bed quality from the Widawa River in selected cross-sections has been analyzed. Samples of suspended load were collected and divided into eight fractions, for which the phosphorus concentration P was calculated. Deposit particles less than 0,20 mm contained most phosphorus, i.e. 73% (3,52 ppm), and particles greater than 0,20 mm about 27% (1,30 ppm) for the whole sample volume. Relationship between the phosphorus concentration P and the sediment grain size was determined. Analysis showed that the initiation of contamination-sediment suspension in the Widawa River is well described by Engelund criterion. Simulations of the migration of pollutions together with deposits in the Widawa River showed that during average flow discharge, the transport intensity of pollution was equal 2 mg/s, and sediments 6 kg/s. In the present work the water quality of the Widawa River has been also presented.
Over 200 years of drainage practices and lake level drawdown in the Uściwierskie Lowering (Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland)
Authors: Kowalewski Grzegorz 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMeliorations of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland have considerably determined its water relations within the last more than 200 years. The analysis of the map by Anton Mayer von Heldensfeld, so far not applied in studies on the drainage network of this lakeland, executed in the years 1801-04, revealed the drainage of the Uściwierskie Lowering already at the turn of the 18th and 19th century. This shifts the commencement of strong anthropogenic impact on this area to a considerably earlier period than was previously assumed. The lakes subject to analysis (Rotcze, Uściwierz, Bikcze, and Lakes Piaseczno and Łukie neighbouring with the Lowering) were incorporated into the drainage system in various periods. Such incorporation of a water body involved water level drawdown. The water level decreased first in Lake Bikcze, and the latest in Lake Rotcze. More detailed information on changes in the water level in the lakes of the Uściwierskie Lowering since 1882 was obtained based on calculation and on comparison with current data of measurements conducted by Rostworowski. The analysis revealed that the water level in Lakes Bikcze and Piaseczno, although fluctuating, has not changed within the last 130 years, whereas the water level in Lake Uściwierz decreased by 33 cm, and in Lake Rotcze by 90 cm.
Definitions and evolutions of the terms “flowing and stagnant waters” in the context of the proprietorship of the lakes in Poland
Authors: Kubiak-Wójcicka Katarzyna , Marszelewski Michał 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the problem of property and use of waters and the legal aspects of the definitions of lakes in particular. To achieve this, the authors reviewed the acts on Water Law from 1922 up to the present day. They proved consistency in the application of the water law. From the hydrological point of view the lake belongs to stagnant waters. The definition included in the Water Law act is contrary to this depiction of the lake. The act reads that the lake may be classified as stagnant or flowing water depending upon the existence of the natural, permanent or seasonal, inflow (or outflow) of the lake. This obviously constitutes a discrepancy between the scientific and legal definition of the lake.
Microglia: roles and rules in brain traumatic injury
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Microglia are a special type of supporting cells in the nervous system. between the functions they perform are myelin production, structural support, regulation of extracellular fluid, glial scar formation among others. This cell type for its versatility, is also related to pathological events, where his multiple roles and the release of proinflammatory factors can contribute to understand especially in traumatic brain injury, as secondary injury and the healing process, important aspects the context of brain injury.
Total resection in a giant left frontal arteriovenous malformation, grade V Spetzler-Martin - Case report
Authors: Sandu Aurelia Mihaela , Gorgan Mircea Radu 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: Giant arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital lesions, with nidus sizing more than 6 cm. According to Spetzler-Martin scale, grade V AVMs have a nidus larger than 6 cm in diameter, profound venous drainage and are located in eloquent areas.
Method: We report a case of a 39 years old woman, with giant left frontal AVM, grade V Spetzler-Martin, who was admitted for generalized seizures, with onset 32 years ago, refractory to full dose antiepileptic polytherapy, which severely impaired the patient’s quality of life.
Results: The patient underwent surgery and we performed total resection of the AVM. We emphasize on surgical technique, intraoperative difficulties and outcome.
Conclusions: Surgery is the therapy of choice in AVMs, because it provides cure of the lesion, and is the only treatment capable of preventing hemorrhage and controlling seizures. Management in grade V AVMs is challenging, because of their large size, multiple dilated arterial feeders from anterior and posterior circulation and external carotid arteries, high blood flow, vascular steel from the surrounding brain, enlarged draining veins, profound venous drainage and location in eloquent area. Giant AVMs with high flow nidus, causing a great degree of vascular steel in the surrounding brain, with hypoperfusion of normal parenchyma may develop early normal perfusion pressure breakthrough. Total resection in grade V AVMs can be performed with minimal transient morbidity and favorable outcome. Total resection permits control of intractable seizures with reduced dose of antiepileptic therapy.
Cerebral Vasospasm – A serious obstacle in a successful aneurysm surgery
Authors: Stefanescu Florin , Dima Stefanita , Vakilnejad Ram , Radoi Mugurel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground: Cerebral vasospasm that occurs after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be an important cause of mortality and morbidity for patients successfully operated for a cerebral aneurysm.Methods: Five cases of prompt diagnostic and surgical treatment of a cerebral aneurysm, with important SAH on cerebral computed tomography (CT) at onset, are presented. All patients were admitted in a poor neurological state and developed severe vasospasm. Both, the correct clipping of the aneurysm and the cerebral vasospasm were angiographic demonstrated in all cases. Two patients showed complete obliteration of one carotid artery.Results: Postoperatory, four of the patients were treated with intrathecally administered nimodipine (10mg/50ml). In three cases, the procedure caused the reverse of the vasospasm and clinical improvement of the patients. Their clinical outcomes were very good and were discharged with minimal neurological deficits. In one case, repeated intraarterial administration of nimodipine, showed no reduction of the vasospasm, and no improvement of patient’s clinical status. The patient was conscious, but presented focal neurological deficits (hemiplegia and aphasia). One patient did not benefit from this treatment and had a poor clinical outcome, remaining in a vegetative state.Conclusions: Cerebral vasoconstriction after SAH could be an important obstacle in obtaining very good results in aneurysm surgery. Intra-arterial administration of nimodipine is an important and useful treatment, but good results in reversal severe cerebral vasospasm are not always mandatory.
Fronto - temporal approach in sellar and parasellar tumors
Authors: Pintea Bianca , Mogyoros Andreea , Andrasoni Zorinela , Florian I.St. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The fronto-temporal approach represent the shortest distance to the ipsilateral optic nerve and carotid artery, and allow the direct verification of the optical nerves, the carotid arteries, the pituitary stalk, the tumor and its relationship with the suprasellar structures.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to advocate an available cranial base technique for removing these tumors and to delineate the technique’s advantages that aid in achieving an improved extent of tumor resection and enhancing the patients’ overall outcome.
Materials and methods: We present a retrospective study of a single surgeon experience on 355 consecutive cases with sellar and parasellar tumors admitted and operated by transcranial approaches in our department between January 2000 and December 2012.
Results: Tumors in the sellar region represent 11, 8% of all tumors operated in our department. The most common type of tumor was pituitary adenomas, 165 of cases, followed by sellar and parasellar meningiomas, 128 of cases. Craniopharyngioma represent 12% of cases encountered in this region.
All our cases underwent surgery by transcranial approach, unilateral frontotemporal in 252 of cases (71%). In pituitary adenomas total and near total resection was achieved in 100% of patients operated by transcranial approaches. For resection of craniopharyngiomas we have frequently chosen the extended fronto-temporal approach.
The most common surgical related complications were: postoperative hematomas 9 of cases; wound infections, 6 of cases and CSF leakage, 12 of cases; transient visual alteration in 12 cases, transient third cranial nerve palsy in 6 of cases, transient motor deficit in 7 cases, hydrocephalus, 6 cases; transient diabetes insipidus in the large majority of pituitary adenomas and craniopharingiomas. Only 4 cases of pituitary adenomas and 6 of craniopharingiomas recurred after subtotal resection, requiring re-intervention. The mortality rate in our study was 2%.
Conclusions: Our experience demonstrated that the management of the large suprasellar tumors via fronto-temporal approach remains the main route for these tumors with significant extrasellar extension, fibrous tumors, cases with unrelated pathology that might complicate a transsphenoidal approach and recurrent tumors after previous transsphenoidal surgery. In our opinion there is no need for larger osteotomies or extensive drilling of cranial base. “Instead of bone, remove the tumor; it's easier even for the patient”.
Surgical management of tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale meningiomas
Authors: Bălașa Adrian Florian , Chinezu Rareș , Gherasim Dorin Nicolae 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculum sellae and planum sfenoidale meningiomas represent 5% to 10% of intracranial meningiomas and represent a subgroup of anterior skull base meningiomas. Approximately two thirds of patients complain of failing vision in one eye as the first symptom, and monocular blindness may be present in half of patients before surgery. Due to the constant antomical relationship of these tumors with the optic nerves there is a classic presentation of these tumors represented by the chiasmal syndrome.
Material and methods: In this study, we have retrospectively analyzed 18 cases consecutively operated between 2006 and 2012 at the Targu Mures Neurosurgery Department. Considering the length of the visual disturbances we have divided the study group in two categories: early decompression with visual distubances expressed within at most 12 months prior to surgery, and late decompression with visual disturbances of more than 1 year.
Surgical technique: Sugical approach has been performed on the side with the most visual deficit, and if visual deterioration was found to be approximative on both sides we chose the right side for surgical approach. In all the patients, we have performed a fronto-pterional craniotomy. In all the cases we chose a subfrontal approach. Tumor has been further resected using standard microsurgical techniques, total tumoral resection being the preoperative goal in all surgical interventions
Results: Out of the 18 cases operated, 13 cases were of tuberculum sellae meningiomas, while 5 cases were of planum sphenoidale meningiomas.
All patients in the early decompression group (9 cases) have presented visual improvement, whilst of the late decompression group 5 cases (55,5%) presented constant visual deficit, 2 cases (22,25%) presented visual improvement and 2 cases (22,25%) presented a decrease of the visual deficit.
The visual disturbances have improved in 11 cases (61.1%), in 5 cases (27,7%) the visual deficit has remained constant, and in 2 cases (11,2%) the visual deficit has worsened postoperatively. Conclusions: We consider that the optimal approach should be based on tumor anatomy and surgeon experience and from this point of view frontolateral and pterional approaches provide remarkable improvement compared to the bifrontal approach. Regardless of the selected surgical approach it is essential to avoid injury to the blood supply of the optic apparatus.Endoscopy will have a role in skull base surgery with
Latex and silicon allergy related to cerebrospinal shunt hardware: a review
Authors: Alvis-Miranda Hernando , Alcala-Cerra Gabriel , Castellar-Leones Sandra Milena , Escorcia Hector Farid , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A less frequent complications of shunt systems ventriculoperitoneal used for the management of hydrocephalus is the allergy materials which usually are built, silicone and latex. Patients undergoing multiple changes device may be at risk of developing high rejection to materials. Differential diagnosis should be done with infections and obstructions, usual causes of dysfunction. We present a review updated literature focused neurosurgeon.
Low triiodothyronine syndrome as a predictor of poor outcomes in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery: a pilot study
Authors: Bunevicius Adomas , Deltuva Vytenis , Tamasauskas Sarunas , Tamasauskas Arimantas , Laws Edward R. , Bunevicius Robertas 
Published: March 2013

Object
A low triiodothyronine (T3) state is highly prevalent and is associated with a poor prognosis in critically ill patients. The authors investigated, in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery, the direct association of a perioperative low T3 syndrome with clinical outcomes and also with symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Methods
Ninety consecutive patients (71% women, median age 55 years), on admission for brain tumor surgery, were evaluated for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Their thyroid function profile was assessed on the morning of brain tumor surgery and on the morning after brain tumor surgery. Patients with free T3 concentrations of 3.1 pmol/L or less were considered to have low T3 syndrome. The patients were evaluated for symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before and after surgery and for clinical outcomes using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge.

Results
After brain tumor surgery, free T3 concentrations decreased (p < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with low T3 levels increased from 38% to 54% (p = 0.02). Lower preoperative (rho = 0.30, p = 0.004) and postoperative (rho = 0.33, p = 0.002) free T3 concentrations correlated with low GOS scores at discharge. Preoperative low T3 syndrome (OR 5.49, 95% CI 1.27–23.69, p = 0.02) and postoperative low T3 syndrome (OR 8.73, 95% CI 1.49–51.21, p = 0.02) both increased risk for unfavorable clinical outcomes (GOS scores < 5) at discharge, after adjusting for age, sex, histological diagnosis of brain tumor, preoperative functional impairment, previous treatment for brain tumor, and depressive symptoms. Preoperative low T3 syndrome increased the risk for preoperative (HADS-depression subscale score ≥ 11; OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.16–14.58, p = 0.03) but not postoperative depressive symptoms independently from sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Conclusions
Low T3 syndrome is a strong independent predictor of unfavorable clinical outcomes and depressive symptoms, and its diagnosis and preoperative management should be considered in patients undergoing neurosurgery for the treatment of brain tumors.
A new inventory of mountain glaciers and ice caps for the Antarctic periphery
Authors: Bliss Andrew , Hock Regine , Graham Cogley J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough the glaciers in the Antarctic periphery make up a large fraction of all mountain glaciers and ice caps on Earth, a detailed glacier inventory of the region is lacking. We compile such an inventory, recording areas, area-altitude distributions, terminus characteristics and volume estimates. Glaciers on the mainland are excluded. The inventory is derived from the Antarctic Digital Database and some manual digitization. We additionally rely on satellite imagery, digital elevation models and a flowshed algorithm to classify ice bodies. We find 1133 ice caps and 1619 mountain glaciers covering a total of 132 867 ± 6643 km2. Estimated total volume corresponds to 0.121 ± 0.010 m sea-level equivalent. Of the total glacier area, 99% drains either into ice shelves (63%) or into the ocean (36%). The inventory will provide a database for glacier mass-balance assessments, modelling and projections, and help to reduce the uncertainties in previous studies.
Accès à la parentalité et isolement familial La nouvelle solitude des parents
Authors: Belot Rose-Angélique , Vennat Delphine , Moissenet Annick , Bluon-Vannier Annick , Herse Vanessa , de Montigny Francine , Lacharité Carl , Mellier Denis 
Published: March 2013

Alors que l’anthropologie montre que la naissance est d’abord un événement communautaire, actuellement des parents se retrouvent de plus en plus profondément seuls et démunis devant leur bébé. Ce phénomène est l’objet d’une recherche en cours qui essaie d’évaluer après la naissance les effets de l’isolement familial des parents sur la vie psychique du bébé lors de sa première année. Dans le cas clinique qui illustre ici cette « nouvelle solitude » des parents, les forums d’internet tentent de relayer la faiblesse du soutien familial alors que les anxiétés, bien légitimes autour de la naissance, perdurent quand le bébé grandit. Au-delà des problèmes de la dépression maternelle du postpartum, l’accent est mis sur la place réelle que prend l’entourage comme soutien des processus plus intrapsychiques propres à la construction de la parentalité.
Le mystère de la petite boîte… Représentations de l'incinération chez l'enfant et théories thanatologiques infantiles
Authors: Romano Hélène 
Published: March 2013

Bien que l’incinération soit une pratique funéraire de plus en plus fréquente en France, les enfants endeuillés restent souvent privés d’explication sur ce rituel, comme si celui-ci était plus traumatique et difficile à aborder que l’inhumation. L’article fait l’hypothèse que les théories thanatologiques infantiles présentent des spécificités dans de tels contextes. Cette réflexion s’appuie sur l’expérience clinique de l’auteur auprès d’enfants endeuillés et plus particulièrement sur le suivi de trente-six enfants de moins de 10 ans dont un proche a été incinéré. Après un rappel de la place de l’incinération dans la culture française, l’article montre comment les enfants se représentent l’incinération en fonction de leur âge. Enfin, il aborde des perspectives pour la prise en charge de ces enfants et le soutien à leurs proches.
IL-21 Promotes CD8+ CTL Activity via the Transcription Factor T-bet
Authors: Sutherland Andrew P. R. , Joller Nicole , Michaud Monia , Liu Sue M. , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Grusby Michael J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
CD8+ T cells are fundamental for immune-mediated clearance of viral infections and contribute to immune pathology in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. To execute these functions, CD8+ T cells must differentiate into CTLs, a process that is precisely regulated by a variety of cytokines, costimulatory molecules, and transcription factors. IL-21 is an IL-2 family cytokine and a growth factor for multiple lymphocyte effector lineages, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Recent studies demonstrate that loss of IL-21 signaling results in reduced viral clearance in models of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and also protection from type 1 diabetes in the NOD model. This is most likely the result of impaired CD8+ CTL function in the absence of IL-21 signaling. Currently, the mechanisms by which IL-21 promotes CTL differentiation in CD8+ T cells remain unclear, particularly the identity of the relevant transcription factor(s). We show that IL-21 promotes CTL function in vitro and killing of pancreatic islets in vivo via the use of transgenic mice expressing IL-21 in pancreatic β cells. We demonstrate that IL-21 induces the expression of the transcription factor T-bet in CD8+ T cells, predominantly via STAT1, and that T-bet is required for the induction of cytolytic molecules, including perforin and granzyme B in response to IL-21. Finally, we show that IL-21–induced CTL function is T-bet dependent, as T-bet deficiency results in defective IL-21–dependent cytotoxicity in CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, IL-21 drives CD8+ CTL differentiation via the actions of the transcription factor T-bet.