bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The many faces of Wadjak Man
Authors: Storm Paul , Nelson Andrew J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn 1888, ‘Wadjak Man’ became the first fossil hominid to be found in southeast Asia. It has generally been believed (following Dubois 1922) that ‘Wadjak Man’ was ancestral to the Australian Aborigines. This view has been repeatedly challenged, mostly through differing interpretations of morphometric data. However, there have been three reconstructions of the Wadjak I skull and there are at least five sets of cranial measurements in the literature.A critical problem has been the fact that no absolute dates are available for this site. Faunal and elemental analyses can only suggest that the material is sub‐recent. Now that dates for the first occupation of Australia are well into the Pleistocene, the role of Proto‐Australian for ‘Wadjak Man’ no longer appears tenable.Additional skeletal material excavated by Dubois from rockshelters in the Wadjak area has recently been described and may be of similar age to the original fossil.To securely place ‘Wadjak Man’ in southeast Asian prehistory a reevaluation of the attributes of fossil and modern hominid material and a reconsideration of many methods of analysis will be required.
The impact of tropical cyclones on the archaeological record : an Australian example
Authors: Bird Michele K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the impact of two recent tropical cyclones on the coast and archaeological record at Upstart Bay, North Queensland. Resurveys of Upstart Bay following cyclone 'Charlie' in 1988 and cyclone 'Aivu' in 1989 indicate that considerable damage and even total destruction of late Holocene shell middens has occurred as a direct result of the destructive winds and storm surges associated with these cyclones. Of a total of 93 archaeological sites recorded at Upstart Bay during baseline studies in 1987, more than 50% have now been destroyed. This research raises questions about the effect of cyclones on site preservation throughout prehistory and their likely impact in the future under 'greenhouse' conditions. This study has important implications for the future management of cultural resources in the coastal zone.
The dental bridge between Australia and Asia: following Macintosh into the East Asian hearth of humanity
Authors: Turner Christy G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn many of Macintosh's scholarly works he made comparisons between the physical anthropology of Australian Aborigines and East Asians in order to identify Aboriginal origins. One of his last papers (with Larnach, 1976) ended with the remarkable and unexplained speculation that it was out of South China, some 70,000 years ago, that modern humans explosively radiated overland to Europe, the Americas, SE Asia, and by watercraft to Australmelanesia. The present paper is sympathetic to that speculation and offers some dental morphological data in its support, and a preliminary suggestion for defining dentally modern humans. At the same time, these data can be interpreted differently, but nevertheless show the great mportance of native Australians and Melanesians for eventually understanding where and how anatomically modern humans originated and evolved.
Regionalism in the recent rock art of western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory
Authors: Tacon Paul S.C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor at least a thousand years various areas within western Arnhem Land have been associated with a relative abundance of freshwater food resources. Aboriginal groups were thus able to subsist within the confines of territories that are much smaller than in many other parts of the Australian continent. As a consequence, the first Europeans to visit the area observed numerous regional language boundaries, many of which were associated with particular bands, clans and/or families. My recent research has found a strong correlation between forms and sub‐styles of recent rock paintings, linguistics and mythology associated with Ancestral Beings, the landscape and events of the past. This relationship adds a new dimension to interpreting the prehistory of the region. I outline many of the most significant trends in the rock art body and then rock paintings and myths are examined to throw light on major events of the prehistoric record that are further removed in time. I conclude that there are implications for other areas of Australia.
Pacific island avian extinctions: the taphonomy of human predation
Authors: Weisler Marshall I. , Gargett Robert H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe propose a strategy for evaluating the contribution of human predation to the depletion of endemic birds on Pacific islands. Humans reduced avian populations indirectly through habitat alteration, for which there is much archaeological evidence. However, direct evidence of human predation and its role in avian extinctions has seldom been critically evaluated. Because many archaeological sites containing bird bones occur in nesting locales such as coastal dunes and rockshelters, distinguishing naturally from culturally deposited material is crucial. We address this problem by analyzing bird bones from nine archaeological sites on Moloka'i, Hawaiian Islands. Species composition, weathering, non‐human predation, burning, element frequencies, and modification are considered. Similarity between archaeological and replicated breakage suggests human consumption of some extirpated bird species. We couple these results with converging, independent lines of evidence to identify human predation in avian assemblages from Moloka'i. We stress that determining the chronology of avian extinctions is best accomplished by directly dating bird bones with butchering marks and other evidence of human consumption.
Mennge‐ya and the origins of points: new insights into the appearance of points in the semi‐arid zone of the Northern Territory
Authors: Attenbrow Val , David Bruno , Flood Josephine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDates for the initial appearance of points in the semi‐arid zone of the Northern Territory are discussed in the light of archaeological excavations in a rockshelter near Katherine. Analysis of the stone artefacts from Mennge‐ya indicates the presence of a two‐phased sequence of stone artefact assemblages, with points restricted to the upper levels. A comparison of dates for the first appearance of unifacial and bifacial points in different parts of northern Australia suggests a movement from the northeast (Arnhem Land) to the southwest (Victoria River and the Kimberley), and then later to the arid interior. Relationships between the introduction of points and the arrival and expansion of new languages are briefly explored.
The Ngati Tiare Adze Cache: further evidence of prehistoric contact between West Polynesia and the Southern Cook Islands
Authors: Walter Richard , Sheppard Peter J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBoth morphology and ethnohistory suggest that the adzes in the Ngati Tiare cache (Rarotonga, Southern Cook Islands) are derived from Samoa. If true, this is further documentation of post‐colonisation contact between West and East Polynesia, regions which were generally throught to have remined isolated from one another following human settlement. The results of geochemical analysis and thin section petrography indicate a very high probability that the adzes are Samoan with a close match to the islands of Manu'a. This provides a close correspondence with Rarotongan oral tradition. These sourcing results are discussed along with those available for adzes from other sites in the Southern Cooks. This evidence demonstrates significant interaction with West Polynesia during the early phase of Southern Cooks prehistory.
How does magnetization transfer influence mcDESPOT results?
Authors: Zhang Jing , Kolind Shannon H. , Laule Cornelia , MacKay Alex L. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeA steady‐state approach that was termed multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) has recently been proposed for myelin water fraction (fM) mapping in brain development and demyelinating diseases. However, fMs estimated by mcDESPOT are significantly higher than myelin water fraction derived from multiecho spin echo T2‐decay curve approaches. Magnetization transfer (MT), enhanced by the use of short, relatively high amplitude radiofrequency (RF) pulses in mcDESPOT, may artifactually influence fM maps. Our goal was to investigate the role of MT in mcDESPOT.MethodsmcDESPOT data was collected twice from three healthy volunteers using short RF pulses with higher MT effect and long RF pulses with lower MT effect. MR parameters from 11 white and gray regions were compared using a paired student t‐test. Whole slice difference images were also compared.ResultsMT effects had a substantial influence on the signal generated by the balanced steady‐state free procession sequences used in mcDESPOT. However, these MT effects were not clearly evident in the fM values determined by the conventional two‐pool mcDESPOT analysis.ConclusionThe signal generated from mcDESPOT is sensitive to MT, but the extracted myelin water fractions are relatively insensitive to changes of MT. Magn Reson Med 74:1327–1335, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Primary stroke prevention in Nigerian children with sickle cell disease (SPIN): Challenges of conducting a feasibility trial
Authors: Galadanci Najibah A. , Abdullahi Shehu U. , Tabari Musa A. , Abubakar Shehi , Belonwu Raymond , Salihu Auwal , Neville Kathleen , Kirkham Fenella , Inusa Baba , Shyr Yu , Phillips Sharon , Kassim Adetola A. , Jordan Lori C. , Aliyu Muktar H. , Covert Brittany V. , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of children with sickle cell disease (SCD), approximately 75%, are born in sub‐Saharan Africa. For children with elevated transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocity, regular blood transfusion therapy for primary stroke prevention is standard care in high income countries, but is not feasible in sub‐Saharan Africa.ProcedureIn the first U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) sponsored SCD clinical trial in sub‐Saharan Africa, we describe the protocol and challenges unique to starting a clinical trial in this region. We are conducting a single arm pilot trial of hydroxyurea therapy in children with TCD velocity ≥200 cm/sec in the middle cerebral arteries. Eligible children will be placed on hydroxyurea (n = 40) and followed for 3 years at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Adherence will be measured via the Morisky Scale and adverse events will be determined based on hospitalization.ResultsOriginally, a randomized placebo trial was planned; however, placebo was not approved by the local Ethics Committee. Hence a single arm trial of hydroxyurea will be conducted and five controls per patient with normal TCD measurements will be followed to compare the rate of adverse events to those with abnormal TCD measurements taking hydroxyurea. Using non‐NIH funding, over 9 months, multiple face‐to‐face investigator meetings were conducted to facilitate training.ConclusionA hydroxyurea trial (NCT01801423) for children with SCD is feasible in sub‐Saharan Africa; however, extensive training and resources are needed to build a global patient oriented multi‐disciplinary research team with a common purpose. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:395–401. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethical and Professional Challenges Encountered by Laboratory Genetic Counselors
Authors: Groepper Daniel , McCarthy Veach Patricia , LeRoy Bonnie S. , Bower Matthew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLaboratory‐based genetic counseling is a growing and yet under researched specialty. In this study, 111 laboratory‐based genetic counselors employed in various settings (commercial, academic, etc.) completed an online survey assessing demographics and frequency of encountering 16 domains of ethical and professional challenges encountered by clinical genetic counselors defined previously by McCarthy Veach et al. and validated by Bower et al. Forty‐nine of the laboratory genetic counselors also provided anecdotes of particularly challenging situations and strategies for their resolution. Most respondents had less than 5 years’ experience as laboratory counselors (71 %), worked full‐time (75 %) in industry‐based laboratories (91 %) with a focus on molecular diagnostics (84 %), and had limited patient contact (91 %). Similar to clinical counselors, every ethical and professional challenge was endorsed as occurring frequently by some respondents. The most common frequently occurring domains for the sample were: facing uncertainty, time and financial resource allocation, attaining and maintaining proficiency, and informed consent. Content analysis of respondents’ anecdotes yielded themes that most commonly concerned: professional identity issues, value conflicts, confidentiality, and colleague error. One unique domain labeled professional communication (educating professionals with limited genetics knowledge), and three salient categories within the professional identity domain ‐ gatekeeping, conflicts of interest, and professional image ‐ were extracted from the anecdotes. The most prevalent strategy for resolving challenging situations was inform health care professional. Results suggest laboratory‐based genetic counselors generally face similar ethical and professional challenges as clinical genetic counselors but their exact nature and relative frequency differ. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of common and unique experiences of genetic counselors in different professional specialties.
Onlay Tibial Implants Appear to Provide Superior Clinical Results in Robotic Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gladnick Brian P. , Nam Denis , Khamaisy Saker , Paul Sophia , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: November 2014

Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an increasingly popular option for the treatment of single-compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) in adults. Two options for tibial resurfacing during UKA are (1) all-polyethylene inlays and (2) metal-backed onlays. Questions/Purposes The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any differences in clinical outcomes with inlay versus onlay tibial components. Patients and Methods We identified 39 inlays and 45 onlays, with average 2.7- and 2.3-year follow-up, respectively, from a prospective robotic-assisted surgery database. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC), subcategorized by the pain, stiffness, and function subscores, at 2 years postoperatively. The secondary outcome was the need for secondary or revision surgery. Results Postoperative WOMAC pain score was 3.1 for inlays and 1.6 for onlays ( p = 0.03). For 25 inlays and 30 onlays with both preoperative and postoperative WOMAC data, pain score improved from 8.3 to 4.0 for inlays versus from 9.2 to 1.7 for onlays ( p = 0.01). Function score improved from 27.5 to 12.5 for inlays versus from 32.1 to 7.3 for onlays ( p = 0.03). Four inlays and one onlay required a secondary or revision procedure ( p = 0.18). Conclusions We advise using metal-backed onlays during UKA to improve postoperative clinical outcomes.
Timing of First Annulus Formation in White Sucker Otoliths
Authors: Beckman Daniel W. , Calfee John W. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to document the time of formation for the first two otolith annuli for White Sucker Catostomus commersoni. Young-of-the-year and age-1 individuals were sampled monthly from a population in the White River drainage of the Missouri Ozarks. The formation of a single annual opaque region during the months of June–September of the first 2 years of life was documented using edge analysis, whereby the progression of otolith annulus formation is followed throughout the year in the population. The documentation that the first annulus was formed within the first 6 months following birth provides for more accurate and precise age estimations than previously available for this species.
Received May 14, 2014; accepted July 23, 2014
M-path: a compass for navigating potential metabolic pathways
Authors: Araki Michihiro , Cox Robert Sidney , Makiguchi Hiroki , Ogawa Teppei , Taniguchi Takeshi , Miyaoku Kohei , Nakatsui Masahiko , Hara Kiyotaka Y. , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMotivation: Construction of synthetic metabolic pathways promises sustainable production of diverse chemicals and materials. To design synthetic metabolic pathways of high value, computational methods are needed to expand present knowledge by mining comprehensive chemical and enzymatic information databases. Several computational methods have been already reported for the metabolic pathway design, but until now computation complexity has limited the diversity of chemical and enzymatic data used.Results: We introduce a computational platform, M-path, to explore synthetic metabolic pathways including putative enzymatic reactions and compounds. M-path is an iterative random algorithm, which makes efficient use of chemical and enzymatic databases to find potential synthetic metabolic pathways. M-path can readily control the search space and perform well compared with exhaustively enumerating possible pathways. A web-based pathway viewer is also developed to check extensive metabolic pathways with evaluation scores on the basis of chemical similarities. We further produce extensive synthetic metabolic pathways for a comprehensive set of alpha amino acids. The scalable nature of M-path enables us to calculate potential metabolic pathways for any given chemicals.Availability and implementation: The web tool and viewer are available for free at http://bp.scitec.kobe-u.ac.jp/m-path/aa/.Contact: araki@port.kobe-u.ac.jp and akondo@kobe-u.ac.jpSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SNV-PPILP: refined SNV calling for tumor data using perfect phylogenies and ILP
Authors: van Rens Karen E. , Mäkinen Veli , Tomescu Alexandru I. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Recent studies sequenced tumor samples from the same progenitor at different development stages and showed that by taking into account the phylogeny of this development, single-nucleotide variant (SNV) calling can be improved. Accurate SNV calls can better reveal early-stage tumors, identify mechanisms of cancer progression or help in drug targeting.
Results: We present SNV-PPILP, a fast and easy to use tool for refining GATK’s Unified Genotyper SNV calls, for multiple samples assumed to form a phylogeny. We tested SNV-PPILP on simulated data, with a varying number of samples, SNVs, read coverage and violations of the perfect phylogeny assumption. We always match or improve the accuracy of GATK, with a significant improvement on low read coverage.
Availability and implementation: SNV-PPILP, available at cs.helsinki.fi/gsa/snv-ppilp/, is written in Python and requires the free ILP solver lp_solve.
Contact: tomescu@cs.helsinki.fi
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Settlement and early survival of southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, under climate-driven decline of kelp habitats
Authors: Hinojosa Iván A. , Green Bridget S. , Gardner Caleb , Jeffs Andrew 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Kelp habitats provide food, refuge, and enhance the recruitment of commercially important marine invertebrates. The southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, supports valuable fisheries in southern Australia and New Zealand. Kelp habitats once covered large areas of inshore reef around Tasmania, Australia, but coverage has reduced over the last few decades due to climate change, especially off the eastern coast of the island. We investigated whether the kelp influences the settlement of lobster post-larvae to artificial collectors and how the presence of kelp affected the overnight predation on the early benthic phase (EBP). Settlement of lobster was tracked over 6 months using crevice collectors that had either natural or artificial giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera attached, or nothing attached (control). Collectors with natural kelp had higher catches than those with artificial kelp or controls (p = 0.003), which suggested enhanced settlement through chemical attraction. Additionally, we measured overnight predation of the EBP in barren and kelp habitats individually tethered to artificial shelters. The kelp habitat was dominated by brown macroalgal species of Ecklonia radiata, Phyllospora comosa, and M. pyrifera, while the barren was devoid of macroalgae. Survival of the EBP was higher (∼40%) in the kelp habitat than in the barren habitat (∼10%) due to differences in predation (p = 0.016). These results suggest that the kelp habitat improves the recruitment of J. edwardsii and that decline in this habitat may affect local lobster productivity along the east coast of Tasmania.
FRIZZY PANICLE Drives Supernumerary Spikelets in Bread Wheat
Authors: Dobrovolskaya Oxana , Pont Caroline , Sibout Richard , Martinek Petr , Badaeva Ekaterina , Murat Florent , Chosson Audrey , Watanabe Nobuyoshi , Prat Elisa , Gautier Nadine , Gautier Véronique , Poncet Charles , Orlov Yuriy L. , Krasnikov Alexander A. , Bergès Hélène , Salina Elena , Laikova Lyudmila , Salse Jerome 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) inflorescences, or spikes, are characteristically unbranched and normally bear one spikelet per rachis node. Wheat mutants on which supernumerary spikelets (SSs) develop are particularly useful resources for work towards understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying wheat inflorescence architecture and, ultimately, yield components. Here, we report the characterization of genetically unrelated mutants leading to the identification of the wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (FZP) gene, encoding a member of the APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor transcription factor family, which drives the SS trait in bread wheat. Structural and functional characterization of the three wheat FZP homoeologous genes (WFZP) revealed that coding mutations of WFZP-D cause the SS phenotype, with the most severe effect when WFZP-D lesions are combined with a frameshift mutation in WFZP-A. We provide WFZP-based resources that may be useful for genetic manipulations with the aim of improving bread wheat yield by increasing grain number.
The business case for diversity and the perverse practice of matching employees to customers
Authors: Bendick Marc , Lou Egan Mary , Lanier Louis 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe typical “business case” for workforce diversity management in the USA implies that matching the demographic characteristics of sellers to buyers increases firms' productivity and profitability. This paper aims to explore the consequences for both employers and employees of following that guidance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper statistically analyzes employment data on African Americans from one large US retailer and from the US advertising industry.FindingsIn both cases analyzed, a badly conceived business case for diversity perversely translated into discriminatory employment practices, starting with stereotype‐based segregation in work assignments and spreading to consequent inequality in other employment outcomes such as earnings and promotions. Such patterns illegally limit employment opportunities for women and race/ethnic minorities. Simultaneously, they fail to promote customer relationships and sales.Practical implicationsTo avoid negative effects on both business and societal objectives, employers need to be guided by a business case promoting workplace inclusion, not “diversity without inclusion”, which buyer‐seller matching represents.Originality/valueThe business case for diversity is often considered unimportant “boilerplate”. This paper alerts employers to the importance of articulating, and then following, a correct business case.