bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐house–validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for survey of acrylamide in various processed foods from Korean market
Authors: Lee Sanghee , Yoo Miyoung , Koo Minseon , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Meehye , Park Sung‐Kug , Shin Dongbin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAcrylamide (AA) is a chemical found in starchy foods that have been cooked at high temperatures. The objective of this study is to monitor the levels of AA in a total of 274 samples of potato chips, chips (except potato chips), biscuits, French fries, breakfast cereals, chocolate products, tea, seasoned laver, and nut products sampled in Korean market. These processed foods include (1) potato chips, (2) chips (except potato chips), (3) biscuits, (4) French fries, (5) breakfast cereals, (6) chocolate products, (7) tea, (8) seasoned laver, and (9) nut products. Samples used for this study were cleaned up using HLB Oasis polymeric and Accucat mixed‐mode anion and cation exchange solid‐phase extraction cartridge. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS/MS) was validated in‐house as an efficient analytical method for the routine analysis of AA in various food products. AA was detected with a Fortis dC18 (1.7 μm, 100 mm × 2.1 mm) column using 0.5% methanol/0.1% acetic acid in water as the mobile phase. Good results were obtained with respect to repeatability (RSDs < 5%). The recoveries obtained for a variety of food matrices ranged between 94.5% and 107.6%. Quantification during routine monitoring was sensitive enough to detect AA at a concentration of 10 μg/kg. A total of 274 food samples were analyzed for AA. The AA levels in the food groups were in the following order: potato chips > French fries > biscuits > tea > chips (except potato chips) > seasoned laver > breakfast cereals > chocolate products > nut products. AA was detected at levels ranging from not detectable to 1435 μg/kg.
Assessing Your Leadership Style to Achieve Organizational Objectives
Authors: Rubin Eileen Newman 
Published: August 2013

AbstractResearch has shown that there are more than 30 differently named leadership styles, ranging from micro‐management to hands‐off, each with its own proponents. Six, however, stand out as most commonly found in business: authoritarian, democratic, transformational, laissez‐faire, servant, and situational. A review of the experiences of six leaders who embody these styles reveals that each mode of operating has its pros and cons; there is no single best approach. Being aware of one's leadership style and that of others makes it possible to leverage strengths and compensate for weaknesses and to properly match individuals to a particular role or task—for the good of the entire organization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Multivariate Curve Resolution Approach to the Study of the Degradation Kinetics of Valsartan under Photolytic and Acid Conditions
Authors: Bianchini Romina M. , Kaufman Teodoro S. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe analysis of UV‐spectrophotometric data with second‐order chemometrics techniques, including multivariate curve resolution with alternating least‐squares (MCR‐ALS) and hybrid hard‐ and soft MCR (HS‐MCR), was examined as an alternative tool for studying the kinetics of drug degradation under stress conditions, employing valsartan (VAL) as a model drug. Despite small structural and spectroscopic differences between VAL and its degradation products, MCR‐ALS and HS‐MCR were able to detect the generation of two photoneutral degradation products (DP‐1 and DP‐2) and a single acid hydrolysis product (DP‐3), providing good approximations to their pure spectra and concentration profiles, from which estimations of the kinetic profiles and rate constants were obtained. Kinetic models based on first‐order reactions explained the degradation processes. MCR‐ALS and HS‐MCR analyses yielded similar rate constants; however, the latter was capable of more properly fitting the experimental data to a kinetic model in the case of drug photolysis. The results were confirmed by comparison with data obtained by HPLC analysis of the degraded samples.
Summary of Existing Models of the Ni‐P Coating Electroless Deposition Process
Authors: Stankiewicz A. , Szczygieł I. , Szczygieł B. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTElectroless nickel‐phosphorous plating is a technique often employed in preparation of protective, decorative, and functional coatings. Several feasible mechanisms are discussed in the literature. The influence of process parameters on metal coating deposition is analyzed and described. Nevertheless, some basics of the process and the fundamental aspects of plating still not explained. A number of research groups make an effort to provide a description of the process with a physical model. The aim is to design a theoretical model that could be valid under operating conditions on a practical scale. This work gives a short review of the published data on the mechanism and kinetics of the electroless Ni‐P deposition process. The review also touches a novel approach—proposition to analyze data using artificial intelligence tools.
Nitrogen regulation of protein–protein interactions and transcript levels of GlnK PII regulator and AmtB ammonium transporter homologs in Archaea
Authors: Pedro‐Roig Laia , Lange Christian , Bonete María José , Soppa Jörg , Maupin‐Furlow Julie 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGene homologs of GlnK PII regulators and AmtB‐type ammonium transporters are often paired on prokaryotic genomes, suggesting these proteins share an ancient functional relationship. Here, we demonstrate for the first time in Archaea that GlnK associates with AmtB in membrane fractions after ammonium shock, thus, providing a further insight into GlnK‐AmtB as an ancient nitrogen sensor pair. For this work, Haloferax mediterranei was advanced for study through the generation of a pyrE2‐based counterselection system that was used for targeted gene deletion and expression of Flag‐tagged proteins from their native promoters. AmtB1‐Flag was detected in membrane fractions of cells grown on nitrate and was found to coimmunoprecipitate with GlnK after ammonium shock. Thus, in analogy to bacteria, the archaeal GlnK PII may block the AmtB1 ammonium transporter under nitrogen‐rich conditions. In addition to this regulated protein–protein interaction, the archaeal amtB‐glnK gene pairs were found to be highly regulated by nitrogen availability with transcript levels high under conditions of nitrogen limitation and low during nitrogen excess. While transcript levels of glnK‐amtB are similarly regulated by nitrogen availability in bacteria, transcriptional regulators of the bacterial glnK promoter including activation by the two‐component signal transduction proteins NtrC (GlnG, NRI) and NtrB (GlnL, NRII) and sigma factor σN (σ54) are not conserved in archaea suggesting a novel mechanism of transcriptional control.
Risk of severe and refractory postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing diep flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Manahan Michele A. , Basdag Basak , Kalmar Christopher L. , Shridharani Sachin M. , Magarakis Michael , Jacobs Lisa K. , Thomsen Robert W. , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are commonly feared after general anesthesia and can impact results. The primary aim of our study was to examine incidence and severity of PONV by investigating complete response, or absence of PONV, to prophylaxis used in patients undergoing DIEP flaps. Our secondary aims were definition of the magnitude of risk, state of the art of interventions, clinical sequelae of PONV, and interaction between these variables, specifically for DIEP patients.MethodsA retrospective chart review occurred for 29 patients undergoing DIEP flap breast reconstruction from September 2007 to February 2008. We assessed known patient and procedure‐specific risks for PONV after DIEPs, prophylactic antiemetic regimens, incidence, and severity of PONV, postoperative antiemetic rescues, and effects of risks and treatments on symptoms.ResultsThree or more established risks existed in all patients, with up to seven risks per patient. Although 90% of patients received diverse prophylaxis, 76% of patients experienced PONV, and 66% experienced its severe form, emesis. Early PONV (73%) was frequent; symptoms were long lasting (average 20 hours for nausea and emesis); and multiple rescue medications were frequently required (55% for nausea, 58% for emesis). Length of surgery and nonsmoking statistically significantly impacted PONV.ConclusionWe identify previously undocumented high risks for PONV in DIEP patients. High frequency, severity, and refractoriness of PONV occur despite standard prophylaxis. Plastic surgeons and anesthesiologists should further investigate methods to optimize PONV prophylaxis and treatment in DIEP flap patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:112–121, 2014.
Wage Inequality and Performance in Nonprofit and For‐Profit Organizations
Authors: Hamann Darla J. , Ren Ting 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article examines the effects of several forms of wage inequality on service quality and employee effort. We suggest that two popular theories, tournament and fair wage/equity, are not necessarily competing. Each theory accurately describes aspects of employee behavior, but because of sectoral differences in organizational objectives and employee attitudes, tournament theory's predictions are relatively stronger in the for‐profit sector, while fair wage/equity theory's predictions are relatively stronger in the nonprofit sector. Using an employer–employee matched data set of nursing homes linked to a federal regulatory database and a resident survey, we found that ownership moderates the relationship between wage inequality and service quality. Although wage inequality positively affects service quality in the for‐profit sector, the reverse is true among nonprofit organizations. We also found that overall wage inequality in the workplace has a more pronounced influence on employee discretionary effort than does the employee's place in the distribution of wages.
Flexible docking and refinement with a coarse‐grained protein model using ATTRACT
Authors: de Vries Sjoerd , Zacharias Martin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA coarse‐grained (CG) protein model implemented in the ATTRACT protein–protein docking program has been employed to predict protein–protein complex structures in CAPRI Rounds 22–27. For six targets, acceptable or better quality solutions have been submitted corresponding to ∼60% of all targets. For one target, promising results on the prediction of the hydration structure at the protein–protein interface have been achieved. New approaches for the rapid flexible refinement have been developed based on a combination of atomistic representation of the bonded geometry and a CG description of nonbonded interactions. Possible further improvements of the docking approach in particular at the scoring and the flexible refinement steps are discussed. Proteins 2013; 81:2167–2174. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrochemical oxidation of sulphamerazine at boron‐doped diamond electrodes: Influence of boron concentration
Authors: Fabiańska Aleksandra , Bogdanowicz Robert , Zięba Patrycja , Ossowski Tadeusz , Gnyba Marcin , Ryl Jacek , Zielinski Artur , Janssens Stoffel D. , Haenen Ken , Siedlecka Ewa M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with different boron concentrations have been tested as electrode material for sulphamerazine (SRM) oxidation in water solution. An investigation of the electrode morphology and molecular structure was carried out using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical results showed clearly that the kinetics and efficiency of sulphonamide oxidation were dependent on the amount of boron incorporated in a diamond film. The mechanism of sulphonamide oxidation was also analysed by cycle voltammograms and by identifying oxidative species (•OH radicals) which take part in the degradation process. The aging of the material during the operation was also studied.
Afterglow and thermoluminescence properties in HPHT diamond crystals under beta irradiation
Authors: Chernov V. , Meléndrez R. , Gastélum S. , Pedroza‐Montero M. , Piters T. , Preciado‐Flores S. , Barboza‐Flores M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe behaviour of afterglow (AG) and thermoluminescence (TL) in nine beta‐irradiated HPHT Ib type diamond crystals is presented. The transparent yellow synthetic crystals (Sumicrystal, UP‐3510) were purchased from ProDiamond, Germany. Immediately after irradiation, the crystals exhibit pronounced AG (phosphorescence) caused by thermal emptying of the traps responsible for the low temperature TL peaks. All AG decay curves are well fitted with the sum of one, two or three exponential decays with the same decay lifetimes of 6.73, 12.8 and 145 s for the fast, medium and slow decay components, respectively. Two different groups of AG decay curves can be distinguished. The first group (three crystals) exhibits intense AG related to fast emptying of some shallow traps. The initial AG intensity of other crystals (second group) is 2–3 order lower than those of the first group crystals. This difference is due to the absence (or very low intensity) of the shallow traps in these crystals. TL glow curves consist of two sets of peaks. The first one with peak maxima at about 50, 70, 180 and 280 °C has high sensitivity but saturates at doses higher 1 Gy. The second set looks like several strongly overlapped TL peaks that exhibit linear–sublinear behaviour. The intensity of the TL peaks of the second set correlates with the intensity of TL below 100 °C.TL glow curves recorded immediately after beta irradiation with indicated doses; the initial part of the curves (below 30 °C) corresponds to AG at room temperature. The inset shows the dose growth of integrated TL between 30 and 330 °C.
Identification of intra‐grain and grain boundary defects in polycrystalline Si thin films by electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Sontheimer Tobias , Schnegg Alexander , Steffens Simon , Ruske Florian , Amkreutz Daniel , Lips Klaus , Rech Bernd 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe investigate the characteristics of intra‐grain and grain boundary defects in polycrystalline Si films, by employing quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on liquid phase crystallized layers with an average grain size of 200 µm and tailored solid phase crystallized Si layers with similar intra‐grain morphology but systematically varied grain sizes between 0.25 µm and 1 µm. The defect characteristics are found to be composed of two distinctive g ‐values of g = 2.0055 and 2.0032, which are attributed to grain boundary defects and intra‐grain defects, respectively. Additional hydrogenation leads to a reduction of the overall defect concentration, while a rapid thermal annealing process primarily heals intra‐grain defects.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lightweight key management on sensitive data in the cloud
Authors: Cui Zongmin , Zhu Hong , Chi Lianhua 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAs cloud servers may not be trusted, sensitive data have to be transmitted and stored in an encrypted form. Major challenges for users are from the management (storage, update, protection, backup, and recoverability) of keys that can help users to decrypt authorized data available on the servers. In this paper, we propose a versatile approach for extremely lightweight key management, which is one of the most basic security tasks in cloud systems. In the multiple data owners scenario, each user only needs to manage a single key by our approach. With the help of the single key and a set of public information stored on the server, users can decrypt all authorized data from different data owners. Specifically, our paper proposes a novel access control model, proves the correctness and security, and analyzes the complexity of the model. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms the single‐layer derivation encryption and double‐layer derivation encryption on the lightweight performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure socket layer certificate verification: a learning automata approach
Authors: Krishna P. Venkata , Misra Sudip , Joshi Dheeraj , Gupta Anant , Obaidat Mohammad S. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWith the rapid evolution of the Internet, security has become a major area of concern and, consequently, an interesting research area. Different applications transmit sensitive information over the Internet, which creates increased chances for attackers to look into every piece of data, unless it is secured using secure socket layer (SSL) certificate. However, the present SSL certificates too face challenges because of various attacks, and these certificates need to be verified before transmitting information. In this paper, we show how the concepts of learning automata (LA) can be used to verify SSL certificates. The proposed LA‐based system can detect safe or unsafe SSL certificates. The LA reward/penalty scheme is used to build the trust value for SSL certificates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authenticated key exchange with entities from different settings and varied groups
Authors: Guo Yanfei , Zhang Zhenfeng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAuthenticated key exchange (AKE) is a very important primitive in cryptography. In the last decades, many AKE protocols appeared either in the certificate‐based (cert‐based) setting or in the identity‐based (id‐based) setting. In real applications, entities from different settings may also have the requirement to communicate with each other. Several papers have concentrated on supporting either multiple certification authorities or multiple key generation centers, but very few have considered the interoperability between the two settings. Furthermore, existing approaches are still inadequate in supporting parameters from different algebraic groups.In this paper, we consider AKE protocols integrating cert‐based and id‐based settings with varied groups. Based on two extract algorithms for id‐based entities, we present two AKE protocols where one entity is cert‐based and the other is id‐based, and the parameters of both entities come from different groups. An extended AKE security model of Chatterjee et al. and Ustaoǧlu [1, 2] is proposed to support multiple certification authorities and multiple key generation centers in which the proposed protocols are proved to be secure. Other variant protocols are also presented. Then, extensions to support forward secrecy and resistance to leakage of both ephemeral keys are provided. Finally, we present a more efficient integrating protocol than existing constructions for users who use the same group. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polar bear predatory behaviour reveals seascape distribution of ringed seal lairs
Authors: Pilfold Nicholas W. , Derocher Andrew E. , Stirling Ian , Richardson Evan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRinged seal (Pusa hispida) breeding distribution has been extensively studied across near‐shore habitats, but has received limited attention at a seascape scale due to the difficulty in accessing offshore sea ice environments. Employing highly visible predation attempts by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) on ringed seals in subnivean lairs observed by helicopter, the spatial relationship between predatory behaviour and ringed seal breeding habitat was examined. Resource selection functions were used to determine the relative probability of predation attempts on ringed seals in lairs as a function of habitat during a period of low ringed seal natality (2004–2006). Ringed seal pup kill locations were compared between years of low (2003–2006) and high (2007–2011) natality to assess the effect of reproductive output on habitat use. During years of low natality, polar bear hunting attempts were more likely in near‐shore fast ice, and pup kills were observed predominately in fast ice (fast = 65 %, pack = 29 %, P = 0.002) at a median distance of 36 km from shore. In years of high natality, pup kills were observed farther from shore (median = 46 km, P = 0.03), and there was no difference in the proportion of observations in fast ice and pack ice (fast = 43 %, pack = 52 %, P = 0.29). These results suggest that the facultative use of adjacent offshore pack ice by breeding ringed seals may be influenced by natality. This study illustrates how documenting the behaviour of a predator can facilitate insight into the distribution of a cryptic prey.
Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and short time insemination in the treatment of men with obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Jiang Yan , Cao Qinying , Zhao Xiujun , Li Li , Li Shuxian , Gao Fulu 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objective
To study the efficacy of percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) in combination with short time insemination to treat infertile men with obstructive azoospermia (OA).

Design
Paired randomized controlled trial in which each couple’s cohort of oocytes was divided into two equal groups.

Setting
Center for reproductive care.

Patients
Twenty men with OA.

Interventions
Motile spermatozoa were collected using PESA. Half of the oocytes were used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The rest were inseminated briefly with PESA sperm in vitro fertilization (IVF). After 4–5 h, the remaining cumulus cells were removed mechanically for second polar body observation to decide whether to apply “rescue” ICSI (RE-ICSI).

Main outcome measures
Rates of oocyte maturation, fertilization, cleavage, and good quality embryos. Numbers of available embryos and good quality embryos were compared between PESA-IVF (using a short incubation protocol + rescue ICSI) group and PESA-ICSI group.

Results
In the short time insemination group, cumulus cells were dispersed by PESA spermatozoa. No second polar bodies were found, so RE-ICSI was done. PESA-IVF + RE-ICSI and PESA-ICSI outcomes were comparable in terms of fertilization rates, 2PN cleavage rate and good quality embryo rates with no statistically significant differences.

Conclusions
PESA sperm without centrifugation could disperse the cumulus cells but were infertile and therefore could substitute for synthetic hyaluronidase. The outcomes of PESA-IVF with rescue ICSI were equivalent to PESA-ICSI. Using spermatozoa obtained by PESA and IVF before RE-ICIS is a viable treatment for men with OA.
Is a Physician “Provider Tax” the Solution to Michigan's Medicaid Woes?
Authors: Markel David C. , Sauer Peter J. , Blasier Ralph B. 
Published: August 2013

Background Michigan is facing a Medicaid budget shortfall. Evidence suggests that the underlying factors causing reliance on Medicaid and cost of treatment to increase are getting worse. A tax on Michigan physicians has been proposed by legislators to meet the budget demands of Michigan's Medicaid program. Questions/Purposes This paper looks at the legal basis of such a tax, studies the successes and failures of other states that have implemented similar taxes, and attempts to assess the effect this tax would have on Michigan doctors and patients. Conclusion With current Medicaid rules, such a tax would increase federal matching funds and potentially reimbursement rates. However, the cost of a tax on physicians would not be born equally, and there are no guarantees that the revenue would provide a funding solution.