bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel strategy to produce sweeter tomato fruits with high sugar contents by fruit‐specific expression of a single bZIP transcription factor gene
Authors: Sagor G. H. M. , Berberich Thomas , Tanaka Shun , Nishiyama Manabu , Kanayama Yoshinori , Kojima Seiji , Muramoto Koji , Kusano Tomonobu 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEnhancement of sugar content and sweetness is desirable in some vegetables and in almost all fruits; however, biotechnological methods to increase sugar content are limited. Here, a completely novel methodological approach is presented that produces sweeter tomato fruits but does not have any negative effects on plant growth. Sucrose‐induced repression of translation (SIRT), which is mediated by upstream open reading frames (uORFs), was initially reported in Arabidopsis AtbZIP11, a class S basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor gene. Here, two AtbZIP11 orthologous genes, SlbZIP1 and SlbZIP2, were identified in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlbZIP1 and SlbZIP2 contained four and three uORFs, respectively, in the cDNA 5′‐leader regions. The second uORFs from the 5′ cDNA end were conserved and involved in SIRT. Tomato plants were transformed with binary vectors in which only the main open reading frames (ORFs) of SlbZIP1 and SlbZIP2, without the SIRT‐responsive uORFs, were placed under the control of the fruit‐specific E8 promoter. Growth and morphology of the resulting transgenic tomato plants were comparable to those of wild‐type plants. Transgenic fruits were approximately 1.5‐fold higher in sugar content (sucrose/glucose/fructose) than nontransgenic tomato fruits. In addition, the levels of several amino acids, such as asparagine and glutamine, were higher in transgenic fruits than in wild‐type fruits. This was expected because SlbZIP transactivates the asparagine synthase and proline dehydrogenase genes. This ‘sweetening’ technology is broadly applicable to other plants that utilize sucrose as a major translocation sugar.
ERP evidence for hemispheric asymmetries in abstract but not exemplar‐specific repetition priming
Authors: Küper Kristina , Liesefeld Anna M. , Zimmer Hubert D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImplicit memory retrieval is thought to be exemplar‐specific in the right hemisphere (RH) but abstract in the left hemisphere (LH). Yet, conflicting behavioral priming results illustrate that the level at which asymmetries take effect is difficult to pinpoint. In the present divided visual field experiment, we tried to address this issue by analyzing ERPs in addition to behavioral measures. Participants made a natural/artificial decision on lateralized visual objects that were either new, identical repetitions, or different exemplars of studied items. Hemispheric asymmetries did not emerge in either behavioral or late positive complex (LPC) priming effects, but did affect the process of implicit memory retrieval proper as indexed by an early frontal negativity (N350/(F)N400). Whereas exemplar‐specific N350/(F)N400 priming effects emerged irrespective of presentation side, abstract implicit memory retrieval of different exemplars was contingent on right visual field presentation and the ensuing initial stimulus processing by the LH.
Longitudinal stability and predictive utility of the visual P3 response in adults with externalizing psychopathology
Authors: Yoon Henry H. , Malone Stephen M. , Iacono William G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe determined whether time‐domain P3 amplitude and time‐frequency principal component (TF‐PC) reductions could serve as stable and predictive developmental endophenotypes of externalizing psychopathology. Participants from the Minnesota Twin Family Study were assessed at age 17 and again at age 29 for lifetime externalizing (EXT) disorders. Comparisons of P3 amplitude and TF‐PCs at delta and theta frequencies were made between EXT and unaffected comparison subjects. P3 amplitude and all five extracted TF‐PCs were significantly reduced in those presenting lifetime EXT disorders at both ages 17 and 29 and showed substantial 12‐year rank‐order stability. P3 amplitude and delta TF‐PCs measured at age 17 also predicted subsequent development of EXT by age 29, with every 1‐microvolt decrease in age 17 amplitude associated with an approximately 5% increase in risk for an EXT diagnosis by age 29. Overall, results from this study further confirm that these P3‐derived brain measures maintain their potential as putative EXT endophenotypes through the third decade of life.
Response of low‐angle dunes to variable flow
Authors: Hendershot Megan L. , Venditti Jeremy G. , Bradley Ryan W. , Kostaschuk Ray A. , Church Michael , Allison Mead A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCurrent understanding of bedform dynamics is largely based on field and laboratory observations of bedforms in steady flow environments. There are relatively few investigations of bedforms in flows dominated by unsteadiness associated with rapidly changing flows or tides. As a consequence, the ability to predict bedform response to variable flow is rudimentary. Using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetric data, this study explores the dynamics of a dune field developed by tidally modulated, fluvially dominated flow in the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada. The dunes were dominantly low lee angle features characteristic of large, deep river channels. Data were collected over a field ca 1·0 km long and 0·5 km wide through a complete diurnal tidal cycle during the rising limb of the hydrograph immediately prior to peak freshet, yielding the most comprehensive characterization of low‐angle dunes ever reported. The data show that bedform height and lee angle slope respond to variable flow by declining as the tide ebbs, then increasing as the tide rises and the flow velocities decrease. Bedform lengths do not appear to respond to the changes in velocity caused by the tides. Changes in the bedform height and lee angle have a counterclockwise hysteresis with mean flow velocity, indicating that changes in the bedform geometry lag changes in the flow. The data reveal that lee angle slope responds directly to suspended sediment concentration, supporting previous speculation that low‐angle dune morphology is maintained by erosion of the dune stoss and crest at high flow, and deposition of that material in the dune trough.
A Decline in the Quality of Debate? The Evolution of Cognitive Complexity in Swiss Parliamentary Debates on Immigration (1968–2014)
Authors: Wyss Dominik , Beste Simon , Bächtiger André 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article explores the evolution of debate quality in the Swiss parliament. Focusing on immigration debates, we employ a psychological construct—cognitive complexity (CC)—which captures both epistemic and accommodative dimensions of political argumentation. We find a decrease in CC in parliamentary immigration debates over time, but this decrease was driven by the rise of the SVP (Swiss People's Party). However, there was almost no “spillover” of this new communication style to other parties. Moreover, we also find a constant difference between the Ständerat and the Nationalrat, with the former scoring higher on CC and thus asserting its role as a “chambre de réflexion” in immigration debates. Our diachronic focus on the quality of political debate takes a novel perspective on the dynamics of consensus democracy as well as on elite political culture. While our results indicate that the rise of the SVP has transformed the traditional consensual and deliberative pattern of Swiss policy‐making style into one which is geared towards less accommodation and a higher simplicity of political talk, there is still remarkable resilience against this new style of political interaction.
Division of Labor in Vocabulary Structure: Insights From Corpus Analyses
Authors: Christiansen Morten H. , Monaghan Padraic 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPsychologists have used experimental methods to study language for more than a century. However, only with the recent availability of large‐scale linguistic databases has a more complete picture begun to emerge of how language is actually used, and what information is available as input to language acquisition. Analyses of such “big data” have resulted in reappraisals of key assumptions about the nature of language. As an example, we focus on corpus‐based research that has shed new light on the arbitrariness of the sign: the longstanding assumption that the relationship between the sound of a word and its meaning is arbitrary. The results reveal a systematic relationship between the sound of a word and its meaning, which is stronger for early acquired words. Moreover, the analyses further uncover a systematic relationship between words and their lexical categories—nouns and verbs sound differently from each other—affecting how we learn new words and use them in sentences. Together, these results point to a division of labor between arbitrariness and systematicity in sound‐meaning mappings. We conclude by arguing in favor of including “big data” analyses into the language scientist's methodological toolbox.
Transfusion‐induced alloimmunization and platelet refractoriness in a mouse model: mechanisms and interventions
Authors: Waterman Hayley R. , Kapp Linda M. , Munday Adam , Odem‐Davis Katherine , Zimring James C. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDPlatelet (PLT) transfusions can be an essential therapy for patients with thrombocytopenia to maintain hemostasis. However, some patients become alloimmunized to antigens on PLTs (typically HLA), which can prevent efficacy of PLT transfusion due to antibody‐mediated clearance. In extreme cases, patients with alloimmunization to multiple HLAs can become “refractory” to PLT transfusion, such that insufficient compatible PLT units can be found to meet transfusion needs.MATERIALS AND METHODSAn in vivo murine model of PLT‐induced alloimmunization was refined so as to include both transfusion with allogeneic leukoreduced PLTs and studies of posttransfusion PLT recoveries, allowing assessment of alloimmunization and refractoriness. Basic mechanisms of antibody‐mediated PLT clearance were investigated using recipients missing either the C3 complement gene or the common gamma chain for Fc receptors. In addition, the efficacy of using costimulatory blockade as a therapeutic intervention was assessed by testing CTLA4‐Ig administration before PLT transfusion.RESULTSFcγ receptors (but not complement C3) are required for alloantibody‐mediated PLT refractoriness. In addition, levels of anti‐MHC predict the extent of refractoriness in a given animal. Finally, costimulatory blockade as a therapeutic modality prevents transfusion‐induced PLT refractoriness.CONCLUSIONSTogether these findings introduce new experimental methods, basic mechanistic understanding, and a potential therapeutic intervention for alloimmunization to MHC‐based antigens on transfused PLTs.
Effect of a thrombopoietin receptor agonist on use of intravenous immune globulin in patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zeller Michelle P. , Heddle Nancy M. , Kelton John G. , Hamilton Korinne , Wang Grace , Sholapur Naushin , Carruthers Julie , Hsia Cyrus , Blais Normand , Toltl Lisa , Hamm Caroline , Pearson Marc‐André , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDThrombopoietin receptor agonists are new treatments for patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). How one of these agent, romiplostim, has impacted practice patterns, especially the use of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), has not been evaluated outside of clinical trials.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study of adult ITP patients treated with romiplostim in four Canadian centers. Patients had primary or secondary ITP and were followed for 1 year before starting weekly romiplostim treatment. We compared IVIG use, clinical outcomes, and cost before and after romiplostim.RESULTSTwenty‐nine patients with ITP received romiplostim. Median age was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 45‐63 years) and patients had a median of two prior ITP treatments (IQR, 1‐4) including splenectomy (n = 7). Median platelet (PLT) count was 23 × 109 before and 124 × 109 after romiplostim. Median duration of romiplostim treatment was 3.7 months. Patients used a median of two IVIG infusions per year before and 0.7 per year after starting romiplostim (p = 0.16). For patients who received weekly romiplostim for at least 1 month (n = 19), IVIG infusions were three (IQR, 1‐5) per year before and 0.7 (IQR, 0.4‐1.6) per year after romiplostim. Results were squewed by two high IVIG users. Nineteen (66%) patients discontinued romiplostim treatment during follow‐up because of lack of response (n = 8), sustained response (n = 5), toxicities (n = 4), or response to splenectomy (n = 2). Overall health care costs were similar before and after romiplostim when concomitant treatments, nursing resources, and hospitalizations were considered.CONCLUSIONSRomiplostim was associated with improved PLT counts and fewer IVIG infusions for most ITP patients. In practice, romiplostim was generally not continued long term and was cost neutral for overall ITP management.
Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the Latin American Mediterranean Lineage, Wrongly Identified as Mycobacterium pinnipedii (Spoligotype International Type 863 [SIT863]), Causing Active Tuberculosis in South Brazil
Authors: Dalla Costa Elis R. , Vasconcelos Sidra E. G. , Esteves Leonardo S. , Gomes Harrison M. , Gomes Lia L. , Almeida da Silva Pedro , Perdigão João , Portugal Isabel , Viveiros Miguel , McNerney Ruth , Pain Arnab , Clark Taane G. , Rastogi Nalin , Unis Gisela , Rossetti Maria Lucia R. , Suffys Philip Noel 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

We recently detected the spoligotype patterns of strains of
Mycobacterium pinnipedii
, a species of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex, in sputum samples from nine cases with pulmonary tuberculosis residing in Porto Alegre, South Brazil. Because this species is rarely encountered in humans, we further characterized these nine isolates by additional genotyping techniques, including 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing, verification of the loci TbD1, RD9,
pks15/1
, RD
Rio
, and
fbpC
, the insertion of IS
6110
at a site specific to the
M. tuberculosis
Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) lineage, and whole-genome sequencing. The combined analysis of these markers revealed that the isolates are in fact
M. tuberculosis
and more specifically belong to the LAM genotype. Most of these isolates (
n
= 8) were shown to be multidrug resistant (MDR), which prompted us to perform partial sequencing of the
rpoA
,
rpoB
,
rpoC
,
katG
, and
inhA
genes. Seven isolates (77.8%) carried the S315T mutation in
katG
, and one of these (11%) also presented the C(−17)T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in
inhA
. Interestingly, six of the MDR isolates also presented an undescribed insertion of 12 nucleotides (CCA GAA CAA CCC) in codon 516 of
rpoB
. No putative compensatory mutation was found in either
rpoA
or
rpoC
. This is the first report of an
M. tuberculosis
LAM family strain with a convergent
M. pinnipedii
spoligotype. These spoligotypes are observed in genotype databases at a modest frequency, highlighting that care must be taken when identifying isolates in the
M. tuberculosis
complex on the basis of single genetic markers.
Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus Directly from Positive Blood Cultures by Use of the BD Max StaphSR Assay
Authors: Ellem Justin A. , Olma Tom , O'Sullivan Matthew V. N. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The BD Max StaphSR assay is an automated qualitative
in vitro
diagnostic test for the direct detection and differentiation of methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA) and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA). A total of 460 specimens were tested, and the results were compared with standard culture-based identification. MRSA was detected in 48 samples (sensitivity of 100%; positive predictive value [PPV] of 100%). MSSA was detected in 112 samples (sensitivity of 99.1%; PPV of 100%), and 299 samples containing coagulase-negative staphylococcus and nonstaphylococcal species were negative by the BD Max StaphSR assay (specificity of 100%; negative predictive value [NPV] of 99.7 to 100%).
Comparison of Molecular Characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Specimens Collected from the United States and China
Authors: Yan Chao , Sun Hongmei , Lee Stella , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Qin Xuan , Tang Yi-Wei , Waites Ken B. , Zheng Xiaotian 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-positive clinical specimens obtained from the United States and China during the same period were studied for their molecular characteristics. We found much more diverse genotypes and a lower prevalence of macrolide resistance in the U.S. specimens. Data from the study also showed an association of the resistance with certain genotypes.
Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Inhibits STAT1 Signaling and Requires Accessory Proteins for Resistance to Type I Interferon Activity
Authors: Kint Joeri , Dickhout Annemiek , Kutter Jasmin , Maier Helena J. , Britton Paul , Koumans Joseph , Pijlman Gorben P. , Fros Jelke J. , Wiegertjes Geert F. , Forlenza Maria 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viruses, and type I interferon (IFN) is a critical component of this response. Similar to other viruses, the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has evolved under evolutionary pressure to evade and counteract the IFN response to enable its survival. Previously, we reported that IBV induces a delayed activation of the IFN response. In the present work, we describe the resistance of IBV to IFN and the potential role of accessory proteins herein. We show that IBV is fairly resistant to the antiviral state induced by IFN and identify that viral accessory protein 3a is involved in resistance to IFN, as its absence renders IBV less resistant to IFN treatment. In addition to this, we found that independently of its accessory proteins, IBV inhibits IFN-mediated phosphorylation and translocation of STAT1. In summary, we show that IBV uses multiple strategies to counteract the IFN response.

IMPORTANCE
In the present study, we show that infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is resistant to IFN treatment and identify a role for accessory protein 3a in the resistance against the type I IFN response. We also demonstrate that, in a time-dependent manner, IBV effectively interferes with IFN signaling and that its accessory proteins are dispensable for this activity. This study demonstrates that the gammacoronavirus IBV, similar to its mammalian counterparts, has evolved multiple strategies to efficiently counteract the IFN response of its avian host, and it identifies accessory protein 3a as multifaceted antagonist of the avian IFN system.
Modulation of MicroRNA Cluster miR-183-96-182 Expression by Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1
Authors: Oussaief Lassad , Fendri Ali , Chane-Woon-Ming Béatrice , Poirey Remy , Delecluse Henri-Jacques , Joab Irène , Pfeffer Sébastien 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic human herpesvirus involved in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and various other lymphoproliferative disorders. In BL, EBV protein expression is restricted to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), but small noncoding RNAs such as EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) can also be detected. miRNAs play major roles in crucial processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. It has recently become clear that alterations in the expression profile of miRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of malignancies. During latent infection, EBV expresses 25 viral pre-miRNAs and modulates the expression of specific cellular miRNAs, such as miR-155 and miR-146, which potentially play a role in oncogenesis. Here, we established the small-RNA expression profiles of three BL cell lines. Using large-scale sequencing coupled to Northern blotting and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis validation, we demonstrated the differential expression of some cellular and viral miRNAs. High-level expression of the miR-183-96-182 cluster and EBV miR-BamHI A rightward transcript (miR-BART) cluster was significantly associated with EBV type I latency. This expression was not affected by viral reactivation since transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation did not significantly change the miRNA profiles. However, using several approaches, including
de novo
infection with a mutant virus, we present evidence that the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) triggered downregulation of the expression of the miR-183-96-182 cluster. We further show that this effect involves the Akt signaling pathway.

IMPORTANCE
In addition to expressing their own miRNAs, herpesviruses also impact the expression levels of cellular miRNAs. This regulation can be either positive or negative and usually results in the perturbation of pathways to create a cellular environment that is more “virus-friendly.” For example, EBV induces the expression of miR-155, a well-characterized oncomiR, which leads to increased cell proliferation and decreased cell death. Here, we show that EBV-encoded LMP-1 is also involved in the downregulation of a cluster of three miRNAs, miR-183, -96, and -182, which are known to be also repressed in several cancers. We therefore identify yet another potential player in EBV-induced oncogenesis.