bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic hydration of poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide: a matter of the mean energetic state of water
Authors: Bischofberger I. , Calzolari D. C. E. , De Los Rios P. , Jelezarov I. , Trappe V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe enthalpically favoured hydration of hydrophobic entities, termed hydrophobic hydration, impacts the phase behaviour of numerous amphiphiles in water. Here, we show experimental evidence that hydrophobic hydration is strongly determined by the mean energetics of the aqueous medium. We investigate the aggregation and collapse of an amphiphilic polymer, poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNiPAM), in aqueous solutions containing small amounts of alcohol and find that the thermodynamic characteristics defining the phase transitions of PNiPAM evolve relative to the solvent composition at which the excess mixing enthalpy of the water/alcohol mixtures becomes minimal. Such correlation between solvent energetics and solution thermodynamics extends to other mixtures containing neutral organic solutes that are considered as kosmotropes to induce a strengthening of the hydrogen bonded water network. This denotes the energetics of water as a key parameter controlling the phase behaviour of PNiPAM and identifies the excess mixing enthalpy of water/kosmotrope mixtures as a gauge of the kosmotropic effect on hydrophobic assemblies.
Three conserved histidine residues contribute to mitochondrial iron transport through mitoferrins
Authors: Brazzolotto Xavier , Pierrel Fabien , Pelosi Ludovic 
Published: March 2014

Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms. In eukaryotes, it is mainly used in mitochondria for the biosynthesis of iron–sulfur clusters and haem group maturation. Iron is delivered into the mitochondrion by mitoferrins, members of the MCF (mitochondrial carrier family), through an unknown mechanism. In the present study, the yeast homologues of these proteins, Mrs3p (mitochondrial RNA splicing 3) and Mrs4p, were studied by inserting them into liposomes. In this context, they could transport Fe2+ across the proteoliposome membrane, as shown using the iron chelator bathophenanthroline. A series of amino acid-modifying reagents were screened for their effects on Mrs3p-mediated iron transport. The results of the present study suggest that carboxy and imidazole groups are essential for iron transport. This was confirmed by in vivo complementation assays, which demonstrated that three highly conserved histidine residues are important for Mrs3p function. These histidine residues are not conserved in other MCF members and thus they are likely to play a specific role in iron transport. A model describing how these residues help iron to transit smoothly across the carrier cavity is proposed and compared with the structural and biochemical data available for other carriers in this family.
Vocabulary Gain Among Children With Language Disorders: Contributions of Children’s Behavior Regulation and Emotionally Supportive Environments
Authors: Schmitt Mary Beth , Justice Laura M. , O’Connell Ann 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
Behavior regulation is a positive predictor of language outcomes for children with typically developing language skills, and children with language disorders are at greater risk for difficulties with behavior regulation. This study investigated the unique role of behavior regulation on vocabulary gain for children receiving language therapy in the public schools as well as the unique and moderating influence of emotional support within therapy sessions on outcomes.

Method
A total of 121 kindergarten and 1st-grade students with language disorders, nested within 42 speech-language pathologists (SLPs), participated in the study. Direct child measures, indirect child measures, and therapy session videotapes were used for all analyses.

Results
Hierarchical linear modeling indicated a positive association between children’s behavior regulation and vocabulary gain. The emotional support of therapy sessions was not a significant predictor of vocabulary gain.

Conclusions
Results from this study suggest that children’s behavior regulation is a significant predictor of vocabulary gain for children with language disorders; children with higher behavior regulation gain more over the academic year than do peers with lower behavior regulation. Findings highlight the importance of SLPs considering children’s behavior regulation when planning and implementing therapy.
Algorithm for Identifying Nursing Home Days Using Medicare Claims and Minimum Data Set Assessment Data
Authors: Wei Yu-Jung , Simoni-Wastila Linda , Zuckerman Ilene H. , Brandt Nicole , Lucas Judith A. 
Published: March 2014

Background:
No consensus exists about methods of measuring nursing home (NH) length-of-stay for Medicare beneficiaries to identify long-stay and short-stay NH residents.

Objectives:
To develop an algorithm measuring NH days of stay to differentiate between residents with long and short stay (≥101 and <101 consecutive days, respectively) and to compare the algorithm with Minimum Data Set (MDS) alone and Medicare claims data.

Research Design:
We linked 2006–2009 MDS assessments to Medicare Part A skilled nursing facility (SNF) data. This algorithm determined the daily NH stay evidence by MDS and SNF dates. NH length-of-stay and characteristics were reported in the total, long-stay, and short-stay residents. Long-stay residents identified by the algorithm were compared with the NH evidence from MDS-alone and Medicare parts A and B data.

Results:
Of 276,844 residents identified by our algorithm, 40.8% were long stay. Long-stay versus short-stay residents tended to be older, male, white, unmarried, low-income subsidy recipients, have multiple comorbidities, and have higher mortality but have fewer hospitalizations and SNF services. Higher proportions of long-stay and short-stay residents identified by the MDS/SNF algorithm were classified in the same group using MDS-only (98.9% and 100%, respectively), compared with the parts A and B data (95.0% and 67.1%, respectively). NH length-of-stay was similar between MDS/SNF and MDS-only long-stay residents (mean±SD: 717±422 vs. 720±441 d), but the lengths were longer compared with the parts A and B data (approximately 474±393 d).

Conclusions:
Our MDS/SNF algorithm allows the differentiation of long-stay and short-stay residents, resulting in an NH group more precise than using Medicare claims data only.
Marketing artistic careers: Pablo Picasso as brand manager
Authors: M. Muñiz Jr Albert , Norris Toby , Alan Fine Gary 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– In recent years, scholars have begun suggesting that marketing can learn a lot from art and art history. This paper aims to build on that work by developing the proposition that successful artists are powerful brands.Design/methodology/approach– Using archival data and biographies, this paper explores the branding acumen of Pablo Picasso.Findings– Picasso maneuvered with consummate skill to assure his position in the art world. By mid-career, he had established his brand so successfully that he had the upper hand over the dealers who represented him, and his work was so sought-after that he could count on selling whatever proportion of it he chose to allow to leave his studio. In order to achieve this level of success, Picasso had to read the culture in which he operated and manage the efforts of a complex system of different intermediaries and stakeholders that was not unlike an organization. Based on an analysis of Picasso's career, the authors assert that in their management of these powerful brands, artists generate a complex, multifaceted public identity that is distinct from a product brand but shares important characteristics with corporate brands, luxury brands and cultural/iconic brands.Originality/value– This research extends prior work by demonstrating that having an implicit understanding of the precepts of branding is not limited to contemporary artists and by connecting the artist to emerging conceptualizations of brands, particularly the nascent literatures on cultural, complex and corporate brands.
Subdural hygroma accompanied by parenchymal and subarachnoid haemorrhage after epidural analgesia in an obstetric patient
Authors: DEL‐RIO‐VELLOSILLO M. , GARCIA‐MEDINA J. J. , FERNANDEZ‐RODRIGUEZ L. E. , MARTIN‐GIL‐PARRA R. , LOPEZ‐PEREZ J. , ALMAGRO‐NAVARRO M. J. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAnaesthetists need to know the different causes of persistent headache or a change in level of consciousness following epidural analgesia for labour. Failure to recognise these neurological complications can lead to delayed diagnoses, with subsequent serious implications.MethodsWe present a patient who was re‐admitted for postural headache resulting from an unrecognised dural puncture during an epidural for pain relief while in labour. During the interview, the patient confirmed drug use (cocaine), so she was evaluated by a psychiatrist with possible post‐partum psychosis or drug withdrawal syndrome. Afterwards, the patient deteriorated neurologically, showing impaired consciousness and seizures.ResultsThe cranial computed tomography showed bilateral frontoparietal subdural collections with intraparenchymal and subarachnoid haemorrhaging. She improved by burr hole drainage of subdural hygroma and a blood patch.ConclusionsNeurological signs should alert the clinician to the possibility of subdural collection and other possible complications such as sinking of the brain in order not to delay the request for imaging tests for diagnoses and effective treatments.
Body composition in late preterm infants in the first 10 days of life and at full term
Authors: Olhager Elisabeth , Törnqvist Caroline 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate changes in body weight, fat‐free mass, fat mass and percentage of body fat during early life and at full‐term postconceptional age (PCA) in preterm infants born after 32 gestational weeks and before 37.MethodsTwenty‐nine late preterm infants underwent growth and body composition assessment by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) at the age of 4 days and at full‐term PCA. In 25 of these infants, body composition was assessed three times between days four and nine of life. The preterm infants were compared with 29 full‐term infants, matched for gestational age, sex and body weight.ResultsThere was a significant increase in birth weight and fat‐free mass between days four and nine of life. Preterm infants had significantly more body fat 382 ± 180 g vs 287 ± 160 g than full‐term infants at full‐term PCA. Preterm infants showed poor linear growth between birth and full‐term PCA.ConclusionWeight gain after the initial postnatal weight loss consists of gain in fat‐free mass. At full‐term PCA, preterm infants were stunted. When compared with full‐term new born infants matched for body weight and gestational age, preterm infants had more body fat and a higher percentage of body fat.
S‐Nitrosoglutathione improves haemodynamics in early‐onset pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Everett Thomas R. , Wilkinson Ian B. , Mahendru Amita A. , McEniery Carmel M. , Garner Stephen F. , Goodall Alison H. , Lees Christoph C. 
Published: March 2014

AimsTo determine the effects of in vivo S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) infusion on cardiovascular function, platelet function, proteinuria and biomarker parameters in early‐onset pre‐eclampsia.MethodsWe performed an open‐label dose‐ranging study of GSNO in early‐onset pre‐eclampsia. Six women underwent GSNO infusion whilst receiving standard therapy. The dose of GSNO was increased incrementally to 100 μg min−1 whilst maintaining blood pressure of >140/80 mmHg. Aortic augmentation index, aortic pulse wave velocity, blood pressure and maternal–fetal Doppler parameters were measured at each dose. Platelet P‐selectin, protein‐to‐creatinine ratio and soluble anti‐angiogenic factors were measured pre‐ and postinfusion.ResultsAugmentation index fell at 30 μg min−1 S‐nitrosoglutathione (−6%, 95% confidence interval 0.6 to 13%), a dose that did not affect blood pressure. Platelet P‐selectin expression was reduced [mean (interquartile range), 6.3 (4.9–7.6) vs. 4.1 (3.1–5.7)% positive, P = 0.03]. Soluble endoglin levels showed borderline reduction (P = 0.06). There was a borderline significant change in pre‐to‐postinfusion protein‐to‐creatinine ratio [mean (interquartile range), 0.37 (0.09–0.82) vs. 0.23 (0.07–0.49) g mmol−1, P = 0.06]. Maternal uterine and fetal Doppler pulsatility indices were unchanged.ConclusionsIn early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, GSNO reduces augmentation index, a biomarker of small vessel tone and pulse wave reflection, prior to affecting blood pressure. Proteinuria and platelet activation are improved at doses that affect blood pressure minimally. These effects of GSNO may be of therapeutic potential in pre‐eclampsia, a condition for which no specific treatment exists. Clinical studies of GSNO in early‐onset pre‐eclampsia will determine whether these findings translate to improvement in maternal and/or fetal outcome.
Neurogenic Contraction Induced by the Antiarrhythmic Compound, AVE 0118, in Rat Small Mesenteric Arteries
Authors: Kun Attila , Seprényi György , Varró András , Papp Julius Gy. , Pataricza János 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the vasoactivity of two inhibitors of potassium ion (K+) channels, a potential antiarrhythmic compound, AVE 0118, and 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP). Basal and stimulated tones of rat small mesenteric arteries as well as the possible involvement of KV1.5 ion channel in the mechanism of vascular effect induced by the compounds were analysed. The standard organ bath technique for vascular tone and immunohistochemistry for the localization of ion channels in the arterial tissue were performed. Third‐ or fourth‐order branch of arterial segments was mounted in myographs for recording the isometric tension. AVE 0118 (10−5 M) and 4‐AP (10−5 M) modulated neither the basal tone nor the contraction induced by noradrenaline but increased the contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation, sensitive to the block of alpha‐1 adrenergic receptors. KV1.5 ion channel‐specific immunostaining demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive nerves, and Schwann‐cell‐specific (S100) immunostaining confirmed the presence of myelin sheath in rat small mesenteric arteries. The study supports an indirect, sympathetic effect of AVE 0118 similar to that of 4‐AP, which is mediated, at least in part, by blocking neuronal KV1.5 type potassium ion channels in the medio‐adventitial layer of rat small mesenteric artery.
Effect of Platform Shift on Crestal Bone Levels and Mucosal Profile Following Flap Surgery and Subcrestal Implant Placement in Presence/Absence of Gap Defects
Authors: Wenzel Brent A. , Gamborena Inãki , Lee Jaebum , Fiorini Tiago , Schüpbach Peter , Wikesjö Ulf ME , Susin Cristiano 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPhysiologic remodeling resulting in crestal bone loss appears a common corollary to dental implant surgery. Several hypotheses and clinical strategies have been advanced to explain and avert crestal remodeling; however, causative mechanisms remain unclear and the efficacy of clinical protocols uncertain.PurposeThe objective of the present study was to provide a histologic account of crestal bone levels and mucosal profile at implant sites receiving platform shift/switch and standard abutments following conventional flap surgery and subcrestal implant placement in presence or absence of crestal gap defects using a dog model.Materials and MethodsFour dental implants were placed into the left/right edentulated posterior mandible in five adult male Hound Labrador mongrel dogs using flap surgery including subcrestal placement with/without a 1 × 5 mm (width × depth) gap defect, and using platform shift/switch and standard abutments. Block biopsies were collected for histological/histometric analysis following an 8‐week healing interval.ResultsNo significant differences in crestal resorption were observed among experimental groups; crestal resorption being significantly more advanced at buccal than at lingual sites (p < .001). Similarly, crestal bone‐implant contact was not significantly different among groups; crestal bone‐implant contact being consistently below the implant platform at buccal sites (p < .01). Moreover, the peri‐implant mucosal profile was not statistically different among groups, the mucosal height being significantly greater at buccal than at lingual sites (p < .001). Also, no significant differences among groups were observed for the apical extension of the epithelial attachment, the epithelial attachment being arrested more than 2 mm above the implant platform at both platform shift/switch and standard abutments.ConclusionsUsing a clinical strategy including flap surgery and subcrestal implant placement, implant technology comparing platform shift/switch with standard abutments, surgical approach, and abutment selection seems to have a limited impact on crestal remodeling, associated bone loss, and mucosal profile.
Contact and photocontact allergy to octocrylene: a review
Authors: de Groot Anton C. , Roberts David W. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryOctocrylene is an ultraviolet (UV)BandUVAIIabsorber that was introduced some 15 years ago, and is now widely used in sunscreen agents and skin care cosmetics. Since 2003, several studies, notably fromFrance,Belgium,Spain, andItaly, have reported an increasing number of patients with photocontact allergy to octocrylene. This reaction is seen mainly in adult patients who have previously used topical products containing the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen. Photosensitization to ketoprofen leads, in many cases, to photocontact allergy to octocrylene; the mechanism of this reaction is unknown. Contact allergy to octocrylene also occurs, but is far less frequent, and is seen, in most cases, in children, resulting from the use of octocrylene‐containing sunscreen products. In this article, (photo)contact allergy to octocrylene is fully reviewed.
Productive Failure in Learning Math
Authors: Kapur Manu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWhen learning a new math concept, should learners be first taught the concept and its associated procedures and then solve problems, or solve problems first even if it leads to failure and then be taught the concept and the procedures? Two randomized‐controlled studies found that both methods lead to high levels of procedural knowledge. However, students who engaged in problem solving before being taught demonstrated significantly greater conceptual understanding and ability to transfer to novel problems than those who were taught first. The second study further showed that when given an opportunity to learn from the failed problem‐solving attempts of their peers, students outperformed those who were taught first, but not those who engaged in problem solving first. Process findings showed that the number of student‐generated solutions significantly predicted learning outcomes. These results challenge the conventional practice of direct instruction to teach new math concepts and procedures, and propose the possibility of learning from one's own failed problem‐solving attempts or those of others before receiving instruction as alternatives for better math learning.
Large‐scale, seasonal habitat use and movements of yellow American eels in the St. Lawrence River revealed by acoustic telemetry
Authors: Béguer‐Pon Mélanie , Castonguay Martin , Benchetrit José , Hatin Daniel , Legault Michel , Verreault Guy , Mailhot Yves , Tremblay Valérie , Dodson Julian J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLarge‐scale habitat use and movements of yellow American eels (Anguilla rostrata) from the St. Lawrence River were examined using acoustic telemetry from early summer to late fall in 2010 and 2011. Sixty‐seven eels were tagged, and their passage or presence was recorded using fixed acoustic arrays covering a 400 km distance along the St. Lawrence River and Estuary. Sixty‐four per cent of the 67 tagged eels were detected. Most eels were detected at only one array; the closest to their release location and at several occasions during the tracking period, suggesting a high proportion of freshwater residency in the upstream part of the St. Lawrence River. Downstream movements towards the brackish estuary (63–418 km distance) were demonstrated for 16.4% of the eels, particularly for those caught at the most downstream site that is close to the brackish estuary. Our results strongly suggest a lower activity of freshwater resident yellow eels during summer, a behaviour that may be related to day length, which defines time available for their nocturnal foraging. Indeed, yellow eels were detected primarily at night; no effect of moon phase was revealed. Movements in the vicinity of arrays (up to 116 km in the fluvial estuary) were suggested and smaller‐scale movements within Lac St. Louis were demonstrated, highlighting a yellow‐eel home range far more extensive than previously reported in smaller systems. Evidence for within‐season homing and site fidelity is also reported.
Trophic interactions between introduced lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and native Arctic charr (S. alpinus) in a large Fennoscandian subarctic lake
Authors: Eloranta Antti P. , Nieminen Petri , Kahilainen Kimmo K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroduced fishes may have major impacts on community structure and ecosystem function due to competitive and predatory interactions with native species. For example, introduced lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) has been shown to replace native salmonids and induce major trophic cascades in some North American lakes, but few studies have investigated trophic interactions between lake trout and closely related native Arctic charr (S. alpinus) outside the natural distribution of the former species. We used stomach content and stable isotope analyses to investigate trophic interactions between introduced lake trout and native Arctic charr in large subarctic Lake Inarijärvi in northern Finland. Both salmonids had predominantly piscivorous diets at >280 mm total length and were mainly caught from the deep profundal zone. However, lake trout had a more generalist diet and showed higher reliance on littoral prey fish than Arctic charr, whose diet consisted mainly of pelagic planktivorous coregonids. According to length at age and condition data, lake trout showed slightly faster growth but lower condition than Arctic charr. The results indicate that introduced lake trout may to some extent compete with and prey upon native Arctic charr, but currently have only a minor if any impact on native fishes and food web structure in Inarijärvi. Future monitoring is essential to observe potential changes in trophic interactions between lake trout and Arctic charr in Inarijärvi, as well as in other European lakes where the two salmonids currently coexist.
Identification and molecular characterization of 16SrV group phytoplasmas with flowering cherry in China
Authors: Wang L.‐P. , Hong N. , Xu W.‐X. , Wang Y.‐F. , Chofong G.‐N. , Martini M. , Su J.‐M. , Wang G.‐P. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryFlowering cherry (Prunus serrulata) trees showing symptoms of excessive axillary growth, stunting, short internodes and decline were observed in Yantai City, Shandong province, China. The samples with the flowering cherry decline were designated as FcD‐YT phytoplasma. Sequencing results, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the 1248‐bp R16F2n⁄R16R2 products and partial ribosomal protein operon genes revealed the FcD‐YT phytoplasma as a member of subgroup 16SrV‐B, rpV‐C. Two RFLP patterns were observed in recombinant colonies from the cloned 16S rDNA gene with endonucleases HpaII and MseI. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrV group phytoplasma declining flowering cherry trees in China.