bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency domain characteristics and optimization of image generation for GANs
Authors: Ye Xueyi , Sui Mingcong , Zeng Maosheng , Han Zhuo , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In recent years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated enormous promise in areas connected to image generation. As the model generation performance continues to improve and the generated images become more realistic, it is difficult to effectively distinguish between the real image and the generated image. Therefore, the problem of discriminating and optimizing the generated images (adversarial discrimination) has become necessary, and subsequent optimization plans are proposed based on the discrimination strategy. However, due to the nature of convolution, the two-dimensional power spectrum curve of the generated image is low overall; that is, compared with the real image, there is energy loss at each frequency (without other processing), and the curve drops rapidly and approaches zero, which is obviously different from the real image. In particular, the curve of the image generated by transposed convolution has a clear upward trend at the very high-frequency part, which is contrary to the characteristic of the real image, which is that the energy decreases with increasing frequency. Based on the discussion of the characteristics and inducements of the two-dimensional power spectrum curve of the generated image, we present a discrimination approach based on curve warping at high frequency and energy loss to improve the discrimination capacity of the generated image and realize the effective discrimination between the real image and the generated image. Based on this, we present the power spectrum loss function to improve the upward warping characteristics of the very high-frequency part of the two-dimensional power spectrum curve without degrading the quality of the generated image and the high-frequency feature loss function to improve the quality of the generated image. The value and efficiency of the proposed discrimination approach in this study are demonstrated on multiple GANs models, including WGAN, WGAN-GP, and SAGAN, with the dataset celeba, and the GANs model with encoder-decoder as the generator with the dataset CelebA-HQ. The two loss functions proposed are also demonstrated on multiple GANs models, including WGAN, WGAN-GP, and SAGAN with the dataset FFHQ. After adding the high-frequency feature loss, the FID decreases by 5.97, 5.15, and 6.56, respectively. After adding the power spectrum loss, the above models can improve the upward warping characteristics of the two-dimensional power spectrum curve in the very high-frequency part of the generated image to a certain extent. The FID decreases by 17.4, 11.55 and 12.27 when the weight is fixed, and 12.66, 8.15 and 4.46 when the weight is variable, respectively.
Clinical analysis of pediatric recurrent autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy
Authors: Fang Hongjun , Hu Wenjing , Zhang Xiao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of recurrent autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A).
Methods
The data of 17 pediatric patients with recurrent autoimmune GFAP-A who were treated in the neurology department of Hunan Children’s Hospital from January 2015 to January 2024 were collected, and the clinical presentation, laboratory tests, neuroradiology results, electroencephalograms, treatment regimens, and prognosis of these patients were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.
Results
These 17 patients included 6 males and 11 females. A total of 28 recurrences occurred, with a median of 1 (1, 2) recurrence per patient. Patients experienced 1–5 symptoms on recurrence, with 3 recurrences exhibiting new symptoms. The median number of symptoms at recurrence was 1 (1, 2), with a median mRS score at recurrence of 3 (2, 4) and a median length of hospitalization of 10 (8, 16) days per recurrence episode. The mean number of symptoms, mRS, and length of hospitalization at recurrence were all lower than at initial disease onset (P < 0.05). The serum GFAP antibody positivity rate was 50% and the cerebrospinal fluid GFAP antibody positivity rate was 14.3% at recurrence. The cerebrospinal fluid abnormality rate was 28.6% at recurrence. Abnormal electroencephalograms were observed in 14 (50%) recurrences. There were 16 (57.1%) recurrences with an increased number of lesions visible on head MRI compared with pre-recurrence levels, while there were 8 (66.7%) recurrences with an increased number of lesions visible on spinal cord MRI compared with pre-recurrence levels. First-line immunotherapy was used at initial disease onset with second-line immunotherapy used only in 1 patient. Second-line immunotherapy was used in 11 recurrences.
Conclusion
Pediatric GFAP-A tends to recur. The condition at recurrence is milder than at initial disease onset. In most cases, the symptoms seen at recurrence are among those that occurred at initial onset, while new symptoms may occur on recurrence in a small number of patients. In addition to new symptoms and disease worsening during recurrence, abnormal antibody levels, cerebrospinal fluid routine biochemistry test results, electroencephalography results, and radiology findings may also be observed. First-line immunotherapy or long-term combined second-line immunotherapy can be used during recurrence.
Different patterns of lipid droplet and mitochondria contacts mediate lipid metabolism during T2DM-induced NAFLD
Authors: Xu Ye , Zhang Yuan , Sun Wen , Tang Qiang , Feng Wanyu , Xiao Hongjian , Yuan Xinmeng , Xiang Mengqi , Gao Yaran , Lu Jiao , Zhang Hanyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Mitochondrial function is crucial for hepatic lipid metabolism. Current research identifies two types of mitochondria based on their contact with lipid droplets: peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) and cytoplasmic mitochondria (CM). This work aimed to investigate the alterations of CM and PDM in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by spontaneous type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in db/db mice. It was found that insulin resistance increased both the number and size of lipid droplets in the liver by enhancing the accumulation of free fatty acids, which is accompanied by an increase in contacts with mitochondria. By examining the oxidation states and morphological characteristics of CM and PDM, the different patterns of tight contacts between small lipid droplets and mitochondria in purified CM and PDM were described. In CM, enhanced fatty acid oxidation resulted in elongated mitochondria that surrounded single small lipid droplets and was responsible for lipid droplet consumption, while in PDM, increased substrates for lipid synthesis promoted lipid droplet expansion with the assistance of the endoplasmic reticulum. These data show the different ways in which mitochondrial contact with lipid droplets could provide new insights for future research on liver lipid metabolism.
Inequalities in health care use among patients with arthritis in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liu Jinyao , Chen Mingsheng , Tang Yi , Zheng Peiyao , Si Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Bakcground
This study sought to assess socioeconomic-related inequalities in health care use among arthritis patients in China and to analyze factors associated with this disparity.
Methods
This study used data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. 3255 arthritis patients were included. The annual per capita household expenditure was used to divide individuals into five categories. We calculated actual, need-predicted, and need-standardized distributions of health care use by socioeconomic groups among people with arthritis. The concentration index (Cl) was used to assess inequalities in health service use. Influencing factors of inequalities were measured with the decomposition method.
Results
The outpatient and inpatient service use rates among 3255 arthritis patients were 23.1% and 21.4%, respectively. The CIs for actual outpatient visits and inpatient service use were 0.0449 and 0.0985, respectively. The sandardized CIs for both outpatient and inpatient services increase (CI for outpatient visits = 0.0537; CI for inpatient services = 0.1260), indicating the emergence of a significant pro-rich inequity. Annual per capita household expenditure was the chief positive contributor to inequity for both outpatient (104.45%) and inpatient services (105.74%), followed by infrequently social interaction (22.60% for outpatient services) and Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI) (11.90% for inpatient services). By contrast, UEBMI also provided a high negative contribution to outpatient services (-15.99%).
Conclusions
There are significant pro-rich inequalities in outpatient and inpatient service use among patients with arthritis, which are exacerbated by widening economic gaps. Interventions to address inequalities should start by improving the economic situation of lower socioeconomic households.
Comparative analysis of root-associated fungal diversity and community composition of two Satyrium species
Authors: Poudel Brihaspati , Li Taiqiang , Anbazhakan Rengasamy , Gao Jiangyun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Root-associated endophytic fungi (REFs) residing within the host plant can significantly impact on the distribution and abundance of host species. The diversity and community composition of endophytic fungi connected to the roots of two terrestrial orchid species with contrasting distribution patterns, remain little explored. Therefore, we used amplicon sequencing method to explore and analyze the diversity and community composition of fungi associated with the roots of two Satyrium Sw. species, including the widely distributed Satyrium nepalense D. Don. and the narrowly distributed Satyrium yunnanense Rolfe. Our study has illuminated that REFs communities did not show significant difference according to the distribution pattern of host species statistically, because the S. yunnanense was rich in different endophytic fungi than S. nepalense. Anyway, S. yunnanense was dominated by uncul-tured_hygrocybe and S. nepalense was dominated by uncultured_fungus species separately. The result of beta-diversity indicated that there were significant differences in fungal com-munities between the two sample species with (P=0.003) value. It provides the strong evidence against the null hypothesis. Similarly, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) scored the two sample species as crucial by different biomarkers separately and significantly over the sample groups Satyrium nepalense (SN) and Satyrium yunnanense (SY) for their distribution and population stability. Therefore, the diversity and community composition of endophytic fungi are found to be independent on distribution pattern of host alone.
Design and Development of High Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors for Glucose Detection
Authors: Rahman Kazi Mustafizur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A high-glucose diet may increase the probability of developing diabetes. Currently, instead of checking blood samples, bio-photonic sensors are used to detect glucose levels. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors limit the need to prick patients' skin to draw blood samples whose glucose levels need to be determined. The motivation is to design a high-sensitivity and optimum resulting SPR biosensor for this purpose based on the Kretschmann configuration. In this configuration, multilayers are vertically stacked together to improve the optical and electronic properties of the proposed surface plasmon resonance sensor. MATLAB simulations were performed to determine the performance parameters, taking 633 nm as the operating wavelength. The CaF2/Ag/ZnSe/BP/SM-based structure has the highest sensitivity of 511 𝒅𝒆𝒈/𝑹𝑰𝑼 for the optimized thickness of the layers used in this structure. The performance parameters, including the sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), figure of merit (FoM), and detection accuracy (DA), were measured, and the results were compared to evaluate the findings. We strongly believe that employing such a structure would make glucose detection easier and more effective using SPR biosensors.
TSPAN4 Regulates the Effects of Radiation-Induced Pyroptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuni , Wang Qi , Hu Huixiao , Qiu Haiyan , Sun Wenjie , Shen Aihua , Yan Junfang , Du Yarong , Hu Burong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Migrasome, a recently discovered cellular component in migrating cells, are gradually gaining recognition for their role in tumor initiation and development. TSPAN4, identified as a marker protein for migrasome, is deemed essential for their formation. In this study, we present compelling evidence that knockout of TSPAN4 significantly inhibits the migration and proliferative capabilities of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. TSPAN4 depletion enhances the radiation sensitivity of A549 cells. Intriguingly, our findings demonstrate that effective inhibition of TSPAN4 in combination with radiation induces pyroptosis in A549 cells, as evidenced by cell-specific manifestations observed through microscopy (including cell swelling and the formation of large bubbles from the plasma membrane), increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and a higher proportion of Annexin V/PI double-positive cells. Importantly, these effects are associated with caspase 3/GSDME cleavage. Furthermore, we observed the involvement of the ROS pathway in these processes. Our findings unveil, for the first time, previously unacknowledged connections between TSPAN4, radiotherapy (RT), and pyroptosis, thereby substantiating the regulatory role of TSPAN4 in radiation-induced pyroptosis in NSCLC through the ROS-caspase 3-GSDME signaling axis.
Dermal macrophages control tactile perception under physiological conditions via NGF signaling
Authors: Tanaka Tatsuhide , Isonishi Ayami , Banja Mitsuko , Yamamoto Rikuto , Sonobe Masaki , Okuda-Ashitaka Emiko , Furue Hidemasa , Okuda Hiroaki , Tatsumi Kouko , Wanaka Akio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We demonstrated previously that sorting nexin 25 (SNX25) in nerve-associated macrophages plays critical roles in pain sensation by regulating tissue NGF content under both physiological and neuropathic conditions. In the present study, we apply the SNX25–NGF paradigm to tactile perception by showing that Snx25+/- mice or macrophage-specific Snx25 conditional knock-out (mcKO) mice had weaker responses to tactile stimuli in normal conditions. Snx25 mcKO mice responded poorly to transcutaneous electrical stimuli at a frequency of 5 Hz (C fiber responses), but normally to stimuli at a frequency of 250 Hz (Aδ fiber responses) or of 2000 Hz (Aβ fiber responses). CX3CR1-positive dermal macrophages were frequently found near tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive C-low threshold mechano-sensing nerves. We confirmed that the tissue content of NGF was lower in Snx25 mcKO mice than in wild-type mice, and in turn, dermal NGF injection restored tactile sensitivity in Snx25+/- mice and Snx25 mcKO mice to normal levels. These results indicate that TH-positive C fiber-associated dermal macrophages control tactile perception by producing NGF and secreting it into the dermis.
Identification and Expression Analysis of the Magnolia officinalis AP2/ERF Gene Family Based on Different Age Groups
Authors: Tian Hui , Wang Qian , Zhong MingXin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Bainian , Tan Chengjia , Xu Zhuo , Hu Xin , Feng Daren , Xi Zhenpeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the AP2/ERF
gene family in Magnolia officinalis (M. officinalis)
and to examine changes in AP2/ERF gene expression and functional annotation as M. officinalis grows. Methods The transcriptome data of M. officinalis were evaluated and compared to those of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. After screening, 75 distinct AP2/ERF gene family sequences (HoAP2/ERF1 ~ HoAP2/ERF75) were identified and analyzed via bioinformatics methods. The expression levels of XR and DR in the two groups were determined using Heatmap Tree, and genes with substantial expression were examined and functionally annotated. Results The 75 HoAP2/ERF proteins all had one or more conserved AP2 domains. Its protein stability is usually indicative of an unstable protein. HoAP2/ERF family proteins are hydrophilic. Subcellular research revealed that it was primarily located in the nucleus. The expression levels of certain AP2/ERF genes differed considerably across the XR and DR groups, with XR being overexpressed compared to those in the DR group. Conclusion M. officinalis' AP2/ERF gene family is divided into four subfamilies. Its role not only is related to M. officinalis growth and development, as well as secondary metabolism but also affects its stress tolerance. Furthermore, the low-aged group of M. officinalis XR exhibited greater stress tolerance than did the high-aged group of M. officinalis DR. Among the significantly expressed genes, HoAP2/ERF55 controls the activity of imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase, while HoAP2/ERF39 plays a role in plant–pathogen interactions by regulating the expression of PR genes.
An all-digital RF transmitter architecture based on jitter-enhanced PWM for flexible frequency applications
Authors: Long Biao , Chen Wei , Hu Zhuhua , Bai Yong , Liu Dake 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We propose a novel flexible jitter-enhanced pulse width modulation(PWM) hardware architecture, which aims to improve the modulation resolution while reducing the requirement of PWM frequency.The architecture creatively distributes the jitter effect uniformly to every radio frequency(RF) cycle corresponding to the same baseband cycle by controllable jitter, which provides a new modulation resolution growth method in the time domain. The architecture provides flexibility to adapt to different basebands and radio frequencies. By using jitter, the modulation resolution of this paper can improve 5.32 bit at most, and the EVM performance can reach -40.63db. The architecture proposed in this paper can use lower PWM frequency of 200MHz, which greatly reduces the frequency requirement of switching power amplifier in RF transmitting system. The jitter method proposed in this paper significantly improves the low modulation resolution of the traditional PWM all-digital RF transmitter and greatly changes the efficiency of all digital transmitters in the wireless communication system.
Exploring Patients' Perceptions of Nursing Care and Factors Influencing Satisfaction in Adult Inpatient Departments: A Nursing Perspective, 2023
Authors: Berhie Alemshet Yirga , Yegziabherfenta Aragaw , Zewdu Dagmawit , Adal Ousman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:Patients' perceptions of nursing care reflect their emotions regarding the care they have received, providing essential and holistic information on the overall quality of nursing care. There has been no study conducted in Ethiopia that explores patients' perceptions of nursing care.Methods:An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed, with data collection conducted from March 20, 2023, to April 27, 2023. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling procedure. EpiData version 4.6 was used for data entry, and SPSS version 25 was utilized for analysis, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables.Results:The study included a total of 602 admitted patients. Of these, 50% had a good perception of nursing care. Good perceptions of nursing care were significantly associated with previous hospitalization history (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.29-0.63), admission to medical wards (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.27-0.69), and stays of less than seven days in the hospital (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.03-2.20).Conclusion:This study found a significant association between patients' perceptions of nursing care and prior hospitalization history, admission wards, and the length of hospital stay. Additionally, one in two patients had a poor perception of nursing care. Hence, hospitals should implement methods to improve patients' perceptions of nursing care and frequently evaluate nursing care practices.
Analysis of the Risks, and the Mitigation of Heating and Combustion in Coal Slag Heaps
Authors: Gombert Philippe , Davesne Jean-Marie , Heib Marwan Al 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The coal extraction since 1830 has produced considerable amounts of mining waste. When stored in slag heaps, this waste that can sometimes heat up and then combust. This then results in potentially dangerous phenomena likely to impact humans and the environment: burns, pollution, fire, explosion, instability. This heating and its progression towards combustion can arise from internal causes (self-heating linked to exothermic processes of oxidation and hydration of coal and/or sulphide minerals) or external causes (natural or accidental fires, lightning, short circuits, etc.). In order to quantify the types of risks associated to the heating and combustion a litterature review was carried out. We began by assessing the total number of coal slag heaps built worldwide, and then the proportion that are (or have been) heating or burning. This analysis identified 180,000 coal slag heaps built since the start of coal extraction, of which, according to an international state-of-the-art review and the results of a questionnaire sent to over a hundred people, about a third are (or have been) heating or burning. Here, the main initiating mechanisms of these processes are presented, the feared events they trigger, and the resulting potentially dangerous phenomena for humans and the environment. These include safety issues (burns, explosions, instabilities), health issues (air or water pollution, olfactory pollution) and/or environmental issues (release of ecotoxic compounds, acid mists or greenhouse gas emissions). Then, a risk analysis based on this data is produced, and an inventory of the main mitigation methods (covering, excavation, monitoring, etc.) that make it possible to effectively treat these slag heaps. This data is illustrated by a few examples from two coal-producing European countries (Poland and the Czech Republic) that we visited recently.
Dynamic Behaviours of Two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) Magnetic Spring-based Nonlinear Oscillator System
Authors: Ahamed Raju , Howard Ian , McKee Kristoffer 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper aims to study the dynamic behaviours with various design criteria of the Two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) magnetic spring-based nonlinear oscillator system. The proposed oscillator system contains a nonmagnetic shaft, two floating magnets, and two fixed magnets. All magnets are placed in such a way that they can repel each other. At first, the proposed system's magnetic properties of the proposed system are studied to provide insight into its role in the nonlinear oscillatory behaviour of the system. The magnetic restoring forces are studied, and the linear and nonlinear coefficients of the oscillator system are analysed from the magnetic restoring force. The mathematical model of the proposed system is presented to study the dynamic behaviours such as damping ratio, eigenvalues, and natural frequencies of the oscillator system. The magnetic restoring forces and dynamic behaviours for different oscillator heights are also studied. Finally, the proposed system's energy generation capacity is examined using electromechanical coupling.