bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iraqi, Syrian, and Palestinian Refugee Adolescents' Beliefs About Parental Authority Legitimacy and Its Correlates
Authors: Smetana Judith G. , Ahmad Ikhlas , Wray‐Lake Laura 
Published: October 2015

This study examined intra‐ and interindividual variations in parental legitimacy beliefs in a sample of 883 Arab refugee adolescents (Mage = 15.01 years, SD = 1.60), 277 Iraqis, 275 Syrians, and 331 Palestinians in Amman, Jordan. Confirmatory factor analyses showed distinct latent factors for moral–conventional, prudential, and personal legitimacy items. Older adolescents rated legitimacy lower for personal issues, but higher for prudential issues. Beliefs were associated with socioeconomic status (fathers' education, family size), particularly for personal issues, but were more pervasively associated with displacement‐related experiences. Greater war trauma was associated with less prudential legitimacy for all youth and more authority legitimacy over moral–conventional issues for Syrian youth. Greater hopefulness was associated with more authority legitimacy over all but personal issues.
A comprehensive review of the nasal microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)
Authors: Mahdavinia M. , Keshavarzian A. , Tobin M. C. , Landay A. L. , Schleimer R. P. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been known as a disease with strong infectious and inflammatory components for decades. The recent advancement in methods identifying microbes has helped implicate the airway microbiome in inflammatory respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Such studies support a role of resident microbes in both health and disease of host tissue, especially in the case of inflammatory mucosal diseases. Identifying interactive events between microbes and elements of the immune system can help us to uncover the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CRS. Here we provide a review of the findings on the complex upper respiratory microbiome in CRS in comparison with healthy controls. Furthermore, we have reviewed the defects and alterations of the host immune system that interact with microbes and could be associated with dysbiosis in CRS.
Comparable actions of omalizumab on mast cells and basophils
Authors: Serrano‐Candelas E. , Martinez‐Aranguren R. , Valero A. , Bartra J. , Gastaminza G. , Goikoetxea M. J. , Martín M. , Ferrer M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundOmalizumab (OmAb) has recently been approved for the treatment of diseases other than allergic asthma, including chronic urticaria. The exploration of the use of OmAb in chronic urticaria was based on the presence of IgE autoantibodies against autoantigens such as anti‐IgE, anti‐FcεRI, and IgE antibodies against thyroid peroxidase in certain patients with chronic urticaria. OmAb recognizes and sequesters free IgE to prevent its interaction with FcεRI. However, OmAb is equally and rapidly effective against autoimmune and non‐autoimmune urticaria, suggesting the possible involvement of additional mechanisms of IgE.ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the in vitro mechanism of action of OmAb in mast cells and basophils.MethodsBoth LAD2 human mast cell line, previously sensitized with IgE, and ex vivo basophils were incubated with OmAb at different doses, analysing its effect on IgE‐dependent events (e.g., degranulation, phosphorylation‐mediated signalling, and eicosanoid release).ResultsWe found that OmAb dissociates pre‐bound IgE from mast cells and basophils, resulting in a reduction of proximal phosphorylation‐mediated signalling events (Syk, PLCγ, and LAT) and in a decrease in degranulation and leukotriene synthesis.ConclusionOur data prove the existence of common mechanisms of action of OmAb in mast cells and basophils that would explain its effectiveness and rapid effect in chronic urticaria and provide a basis for its use in other diseases mediated by these cells.
Differential evolution of peripheral cytokine levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic responses to experimental influenza virus challenge
Authors: McClain M T , Henao R , Williams J , Nicholson B , Veldman T , Hudson L , Tsalik E L , Lambkin-Williams R , Gilbert A , Mann A , Ginsburg G S , Woods C W 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Exposure to influenza virus triggers a complex cascade of events in the human host. In order to understand more clearly the evolution of this intricate response over time, human volunteers were inoculated with influenza A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2), and then had serial peripheral blood samples drawn and tested for the presence of 25 major human cytokines. Nine of 17 (53%) inoculated subjects developed symptomatic influenza infection. Individuals who will go on to become symptomatic demonstrate increased circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-15, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and interferon (IFN) gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 as early as 12–29 h post-inoculation (during the presymptomatic phase), whereas challenged patients who remain asymptomatic do not. Overall, the immunological pathways of leucocyte recruitment, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signalling, innate anti-viral immunity and fever production are all over-represented in symptomatic individuals very early in disease, but are also dynamic and evolve continuously over time. Comparison with simultaneous peripheral blood genomics demonstrates that some inflammatory mediators (MCP-1, IP-10, IL-15) are being expressed actively in circulating cells, while others (IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α and IFN-γ) are probable effectors produced locally at the site of infection. Interestingly, asymptomatic exposed subjects are not quiescent either immunologically or genomically, but instead exhibit early and persistent down-regulation of important inflammatory mediators in the periphery. The host inflammatory response to influenza infection is variable but robust, and evolves over time. These results offer critical insight into pathways driving influenza-related symptomatology and offer the potential to contribute to early detection and differentiation of infected hosts.
Endobronchial plasmacytoma in patient with multiple myeloma
Authors: Sunnetcioglu Aysel , Ekin Selami , Bayram Irfan , Ekinci Omer , Bugday Inci Bahadır 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEndobronchial plasmacytoma is a rare manifestation of extramedullary plasmacytoma. A 49‐year‐old woman with a history of multiple myeloma consulted to our pulmonary service with progressive dyspnoea and cough and abnormal chest X‐ray. A lesion measuring 6 × 5 cm in size existed in anterior baseline of the right lung's lower lobe in thoracic computed tomography in addition to right bronchial narrowing and atelectasis distal in lesions. Diagnostic bronchoscopy was performed previously for the obstruction and biopsy was taken from the lesion in the right middle lobe bronchus. Endobronchial biopsies showed extensive tumour infiltration with plasmocytoid cells. Immunohistochemistry was positive CD138 and Lamda. Microscopic and immunohistochemical findings supported the diagnosis of extramedullary endobronchial plasmacytoma.
815. WISTERIA SINENSIS ON THE SLOW BOAT FROM CHINA: THE JOURNEY OF WISTERIA TO ENGLAND
Authors: Compton James A. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe discovery of Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC., its introduction from China to England and subsequent dispersal is fully discussed. Biographical information is provided on the key figures connected with its introduction. A lectotype is designated for the name W. praecox Hand.‐Mazz. and a neotype is designated for the name W. sinensis f. alba (Lindl.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson.
Cross‐resistance, mode of inheritance, synergism, and fitness effects of cyantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Liu Xia , Ning Yubo , Wang Hongyan , Wang Kaiyun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), has evolved resistance to various types of insecticides in the field. In the present study, the resistance of P. xylostella (designated Cya‐SEL) to cyantraniliprole increased to 30.6 and 326‐fold after 26 generations of selection, compared with the field population (TA) and susceptible population (LAB), respectively. The resistant population also had developed low to moderate levels of resistance to abamectin (3.3‐fold), flubendiamide (14.1‐fold), and chlorantraniliprole (24.3‐fold). Synergism tests indicated that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) increased the toxicity of cyantraniliprole in the selected strain, i.e., synergism ratio was 2.8 and 3.3‐fold, respectively. Reciprocal crosses were made between the susceptible (LAB) and resistant strain collected from Zengcheng (ZC). The degree of dominance and overlapping confidence intervals of LC50 values of F1 progenies (ZC♀ × LAB♂ and LAB♀ × ZC♂) suggested an autosomal and incompletely recessive mode of resistance to cyantraniliprole. The test of monogenic inheritance based on a backcross of F1 progeny with the ZC population indicated that resistance to cyantraniliprole was controlled by multiple genes. Additionally, Cya‐SEL had a lower reproductive ability and relative fitness than the other tested populations. These findings provide useful information for effective resistance management strategies against P. xylostella.
Sexual differences in electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Cydia molesta to peach and pear volatiles
Authors: Lu Peng‐Fei , Wang Rong , Wang Chen‐Zhu , Luo You‐Qing , Qiao Hai‐Li 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe oriental fruit moth (OFM), Cydia (= Grapholita) molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious invasive pest. The stone fruit peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, is its primary host, and the pome fruit pear, Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder (both Rosaceae), is its secondary host. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of C. molesta females and males to peach shoot and pear fruit volatiles were compared in laboratory and field bioassays. Based on gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) activity, 13 compounds in the headspaces of peach and pear volatiles elicited female antennal responses. Of these, eight compounds also elicited male antennal response. Four lures were developed based on male and female EAD responses to pear and peach‐derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs). More males than females were captured for all four lures during field trials, even in traps with lures that emitted VOCs based on female EAD responses. Lures based on female EAD responses to pear fruit VOCs consistently caught more females than lures based on male EAD responses to pear fruit VOCs in either peach or pear orchards. Peach shoot VOC lures based on female EAD responses did not attract more females than lures based on male EAD response to peach shoots. The two pear‐derived VOC lures were highly attractive to both sexes in peach orchards, whereas conversely, the two peach‐derived VOC lures showed stronger attraction in pear orchards. Seasonal population monitoring indicated both sexes made inter‐orchard flights during the late peach‐ and pear‐fruiting periods. A possible hypothesis that could explain different response profiles in females and males and seasonal migration for herbivores with multiple generations per year is discussed.
Screening of Corymbia and Eucalyptus species for resistance to Calonectria pteridis leaf blight
Authors: Alfenas R. F. , Freitas R. G. , Pereira O. L. , Coutinho M. M. , Zarpelon T. G. , Cândido T. S. , Alfenas A. C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCalonectria leaf blight (CLB), caused by Calonectria pteridis, is a major foliar disease of eucalypt plantations in warm and high rainfall regions in Brazil. The use of resistant genotypes is the best method for disease control in the field, so identification of sources of resistance is strategic for the long‐term genetic breeding programmes of eucalypt. In this study, resistance of 13 species of Eucalyptus and 3 species of Corymbia to CLB was evaluated by spray inoculation of a spore suspension (1 × 104 conidia ml−1) of the pathogen, under controlled conditions. Eucalyptus brassiana, E. saligna, E. scias and E. agglomerata were the most resistant, while E. robusta, E. urophylla, E. camaldulensis, E. longirostrata and C. toreliana were moderately resistant and E. cloeziana, E. pellita, E. tereticornis, E. pilularis, C. maculata, E. grandis, E. dunnii and C. citriodora were the most susceptible. The broad inter and intraspecific variability of the species tested demonstrates the potential for introgression of resistance genes into valuable genotypes as a strategy for the breeding programmes and commercial plantation of eucalypt.
Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: combining metabolomic and clinical parameters to define disease progression
Authors: Blasco H. , Nadal‐Desbarats L. , Pradat P.‐F. , Gordon P. H. , Madji Hounoum B. , Patin F. , Veyrat‐Durebex C. , Mavel S. , Beltran S. , Emond P. , Andres C. R. , Corcia P. 
Published: October 2015

Background and purposeThe objectives of this study were to define the metabolomic profile of cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, to model outcome through combined clinical and metabolomic parameters and independently to validate predictive models.MethodsIn all, 74 consecutive newly diagnosed patients were enrolled into training (Tr, n = 49) and test (Te, n = 25) cohorts. Investigators recorded clinical data and the metabalomic profile of cerebrospinal fluid at baseline was analyzed with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Markers of disease progression, collected in 1‐year prospective follow‐up, included change in ALS Functional Rating Scale (var_ALSFRS), change in weight (var_weight) and survival time. Stepwise multiple regression selected from metabolomic and clinical parameters to model rate of progression in the Tr cohort. Best fit models were validated independently in the Te cohort.ResultsThe best‐fit statistical models, using both metabolomic and clinical covariates, predicted outcome with 70.8% (var_weight), 72% (var_ALSFRS) and 76% (survival) accuracy in the Te cohort. Models that used metabolomics or clinical data alone predicted outcome less well. Highlighted metabolites are involved in pathophysiological pathways previously described in ALS.ConclusionCerebrospinal fluid metabolomics can aid in predicting the clinical course of ALS and tap into pathophysiological processes. The precision of predictive models, independently reproduced in this study, is enhanced through inclusion of both metabolomic and clinical parameters. The findings bring the field closer to a clinically meaningful disease marker.
The longitudinal effect of a multi‐strain probiotic on the intestinal bacterial microbiota of neonatal foals
Authors: Schoster A. , Guardabassi L. , Staempfli H. R. , Abrahams M. , Jalali M. , Weese J. S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryReasons for performing the studyThe microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Probiotics are a potential way to therapeutically modify the intestinal microbiota and prevent disease.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the bacterial microbiota of foals during and after administration.Study designRandomised placebo controlled field trial.MethodsThirty‐eight healthy neonatal foals enrolled in a previous study were selected. The foals had received a multi‐strain probiotic (four Lactobacillus spp. 3–4 × 103 colony‐forming units (cfu)/g each, Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis, 1 × 103–4 cfu/g) or placebo once daily for 3 weeks. A total of 3 faecal samples were collected from each foal at 2‐week intervals and assessed via metagenomic sequencing. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare data between treatment groups.ResultsThere were no changes on the phylum, order or class level between treatment groups at any age (all P>0.05) but some significant changes in relative abundance of families. Probiotic administration did not result in an increased relative abundance of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria at any age (Lactobacillus: P = 0.9, P = 0.1 and P = 0.2, Bifidobacterium: P = 0.3, P = 0.6 and P = 0.1 for Weeks 2, 4 and 6, respectively). Lactobacillus was enriched in the probiotic group at Week 6 on LEfSe analysis (linear discriminant analysis score 0.34, P = 0 .02). There was no effect on alpha diversity (all P>0.2) or community structure when parsimony and unifrac analysis were applied (all P>0.6).ConclusionsThere were limited effects of probiotic treatment on the bacterial microbiota of foals. The studied probiotic based on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has a limited potential for therapeutic modification of the gastrointestinal microbiota.
Negative impacts of high temperatures on growth of black spruce forests intensify with the anticipated climate warming
Authors: Girardin Martin P. , Hogg Edward H. , Bernier Pierre Y. , Kurz Werner A. , Guo Xiao Jing , Cyr Guillaume 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn increasing number of studies conclude that water limitations and heat stress may hinder the capacity of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees, a dominant species of Canada's boreal forests, to grow and assimilate atmospheric carbon. However, there is currently no scientific consensus on the future of these forests over the next century in the context of widespread climate warming. The large spatial extent of black spruce forests across the Canadian boreal forest and associated variability in climate, demography, and site conditions pose challenges for projecting future climate change responses. Here we provide an evaluation of the impacts of climate warming and drying, as well as increasing [CO2], on the aboveground productivity of black spruce forests across Canada south of 60°N for the period 1971 to 2100. We use a new extensive network of tree‐ring data obtained from Canada's National Forest Inventory, spatially explicit simulations of net primary productivity (NPP) and its drivers, and multivariate statistical modeling. We found that soil water availability is a significant driver of black spruce interannual variability in productivity across broad areas of the western to eastern Canadian boreal forest. Interannual variability in productivity was also found to be driven by autotrophic respiration in the warmest regions. In most regions, the impacts of soil water availability and respiration on interannual variability in productivity occurred during the phase of carbohydrate accumulation the year preceding tree‐ring formation. Results from projections suggest an increase in the importance of soil water availability and respiration as limiting factors on NPP over the next century due to warming, but this response may vary to the extent that other factors such as carbon dioxide fertilization, and respiration acclimation to high temperature, contribute to dampening these limitations.
Modeling earthquake effects on groundwater levels: evidences from the 2012 Emilia earthquake (Italy)
Authors: Nespoli M. , Todesco M. , Serpelloni E. , Belardinelli M. E. , Bonafede M. , Marcaccio M. , Rinaldi A. P. , Anderlini L. , Gualandi A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChanges in water level are commonly reported in regions struck by a seismic event. The sign and amplitude of such changes depend on the relative position of measuring points with respect to the hypocenter, and on the poroelastic properties of the rock. We apply a porous media flow model (TOUGH2) to describe groundwater flow and water‐level changes associated with the first ML5.9 mainshock of the 2012 seismic sequence in Emilia (Italy). We represent the earthquake as an instantaneous pressure step, whose amplitude was inferred from the properties of the seismic source inverted from geodetic data. The results are consistent with the evolution recorded in both deep and shallow water wells in the area and suggest that our description of the seismic event is suitable to capture both timing and magnitude of water‐level changes. We draw some conclusions about the influence of material heterogeneity on the pore pressure evolution, and we show that to reproduce the observed maximum amplitude it is necessary to take into account compaction in the shallow layer.
Sex‐specific and race/ethnicity‐specific disparities in cholangiocarcinoma incidence and prevalence in the USA: An updated analysis of the 2000–2011 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry
Authors: Mosadeghi Sasan , Liu Benny , Bhuket Taft , Wong Robert J. 
Published: October 2015

AimCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon but lethal malignancy with an increasing worldwide incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), but decreasing incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). To evaluate age‐specific, sex‐specific, race/ethnicity‐specific variations in CCA incidence in the USA.MethodsUsing population‐based cancer registry data from the 2000–2011 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry, we retrospectively evaluated age‐specific, sex‐specific, race/ethnicity‐specific variations in incidence and prevalence of CCA stratified by ICC and ECC subtypes among adults in the USA.ResultsA total of 11 296 patients with ICC and 8672 patients with ECC were identified. ICC incidence was significantly higher than ECC incidence (1.6 vs 1.3 per 100 000/year, P < 0.01). Among all race/ethnic groups and among both ICC and ECC, Asians had the highest cancer incidence. When stratified by age, CCA incidence increased with age among all groups; however, the rising incidence was most rapid among Asians. For example, among patients aged 80 years and over, the incidence of ICC among Asians was nearly twice the incidence among non‐Hispanic whites (13.8 vs 7.2 per 100 000/year). Overall, CCA incidence was higher among men compared with women, and with increasing age, this sex‐specific disparity was more pronounced. For example, among patients aged 80 years and over, the incidence of ICC was 9.8 per 100 000/year among men and 6.9 per 100 000/year among women.ConclusionAmong adults with CCA in the USA, increasing age was associated with increasing incidence of CCA. In addition, sex‐specific and race/ethnicity‐specific disparities were seen with the highest incidence of CCA among men and among Asians.
TESTING FOR MULTIPLE BUBBLES: HISTORICAL EPISODES OF EXUBERANCE AND COLLAPSE IN THE S&P 500
Authors: Phillips Peter C. B. , Shi Shuping , Yu Jun 
Published: October 2015

Recent work on econometric detection mechanisms has shown the effectiveness of recursive procedures in identifying and dating financial bubbles in real time. These procedures are useful as warning alerts in surveillance strategies conducted by central banks and fiscal regulators with real‐time data. Use of these methods over long historical periods presents a more serious econometric challenge due to the complexity of the nonlinear structure and break mechanisms that are inherent in multiple‐bubble phenomena within the same sample period. To meet this challenge, this article develops a new recursive flexible window method that is better suited for practical implementation with long historical time series. The method is a generalized version of the sup augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test of Phillips et al. (“Explosive behavior in the 1990s NASDAQ: When did exuberance escalate asset values?” International Economic Review 52 (2011), 201–26; PWY) and delivers a consistent real‐time date‐stamping strategy for the origination and termination of multiple bubbles. Simulations show that the test significantly improves discriminatory power and leads to distinct power gains when multiple bubbles occur. An empirical application of the methodology is conducted on S&P 500 stock market data over a long historical period from January 1871 to December 2010. The new approach successfully identifies the well‐known historical episodes of exuberance and collapses over this period, whereas the strategy of PWY and a related cumulative sum (CUSUM) dating procedure locate far fewer episodes in the same sample range.