bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Infections and Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Assessing the Roles of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Interleukin-6
Authors: Abbas Sarah Kadhim , Omran Dakhel Ghani , Abdulazeem Lubna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are severe complications of diabetes, leading to osteomyelitis, gangrene, and limb amputation. These outcomes increase mortality risk and bacterial resistance in surviving patients. The selection of the most effective antibiotics for DFUs remains a growing challenge.

Objectives:
The study aimed to identify risk factors, bacterial pathogens, and drug resistance in DFU patients, and explore the correlation between interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and DFUs.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty isolates of bacteria were isolated aerobically from 100 samples of DFU (30 isolates from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 30 isolates from Staphylococcus aureus). All isolates were identified by biochemical tests, then confirmation diagnosis was done by using VITEK-2. Determination multiple drug resistance isolates by susceptibility tests, then estimation of the activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial with different concentrations were done. VEGF and IL-6 levels were determined by using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Results:
The study revealed that many bacteria-resistant antibiotics, but AgNPs significantly inhibit multi-drug resistant bacteria, suggesting their potential as an alternative treatment. VEGF and IL-6 levels were significantly higher (P-value < 0.001) in DFU patients, with IL-6 negatively correlating with VEGF.

Conclusion:
Diabetic foot infections, caused by various bacteria, require understanding of antibiotic sensitivity for effective treatment. AgNPs showed strong antimicrobial effects against common bacteria, suggesting potential as an alternative treatment. The study also found elevated VEGF and IL-6 levels in DFU patients, with IL-6 potentially inhibiting VEGF, thus impairing healing.
Dental and Periodontal Findings in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Meizel Mudhfar Mohammed , Mohammed Nawres Bahaa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) are more to infections due to their decrease in immune systems and general debilitated health, most of patients with renal failure showing oral symptoms.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to assessment the kind and severity of oral symptoms in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis and compare these results with healthy, disease-free persons.

Materials and Methods:
The study involved 40 individuals, comprising 20 hemodialysis patients and 20 healthy control. The patient group was randomly chosen from ESRD patients, while the control group consisted of disease-free persons with normal glomerular filtration rates. The symptoms such as dry mouth, taste changes, halitosis, and mucosal pain, and were oral changes like tongue coating, pallor, ulceration, and enamel hypoplasia.

Results:
The ESRD patients established significantly more oral changes compared to the control group. These due to metabolic disorders caused by renal failure.

Conclusion:
there is significant impact of ESRD on the oral health of the patients, with correlation between oral health and ESRD.
Molecular Detection of Psts Antibiotic-Resistant Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: Wadi Fatima Rheem , Ali Maryam Kareem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Otitis media is a very common infection among people of different age groups.

Objective:
The goal of the current work was to determine the existence of PstS gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from otitis media cases in Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 ear swabs were collected from patients suffering from otitis media attending the ENT outpatient clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital from July 2022 to the end of December 2022. The age range was 18-75 years. Detection of morphology and biochemical testing by Vitek 2 system. The antibiotic sensitivity test of the bacteria spp. was the detection of 18 antibiotics for different types using Vitek2 system. Identify the genes for antibiotic resistance mechanisms. DNA was extracted from samples, and resistance genes PstS were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:
This study showed 80 out of 100 swabs revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, and 71 (89%) isolates out of these 80 exhibited PstS genes. Age groups of the patients were 38-47, 48-57, and 58-67 years with percentages of 22.5%, 25%, and 25%, respectively. The highest resistance percentages of strains to tested antibiotics were for Ceftoriaxone, Cefpodoxime (100%), and the lowest resistant percentage was 22.5% for colistin, which determined the relationship between the presence of Psts and resistance to 18 antibiotics for different types. Colistin was the most effective antibiotic and can be considered as the drug of choice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusions:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients suffering otitis media show the prevalence rate appears to be higher among the elderly and high virulence and antibiotic resistance due to the presence of PstS antibiotic resistance gene and ability to form biofilms, thus aggressive antimicrobial therapy is highly recommended in such conditions.
Serological Diagnosis of Acute Tonsillitis in Salah Al-Din Province
Authors: Khuder Huda Saleh , Al-dorri Alaa Zanzal Ra’ad , Yaseen Wisal R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tonsillitis is one of the most important diseases in the community, especially in children, but its complications can affect adults at any age. The most bacterial causative agent is group A streptococci (GAS) infections, like tonsillitis, can progress into rheumatic fever and lead to complications like heart, kidney, and joint damage, known as poststreptococcal diseases. In Iraq, rheumatism is diagnosed based on antistreptolysin O titer (ASO) antigen serological titers.

Objectives:
This study aimed to recognize ASO in patients who had tonsillitis in Salah Al-Din Province, Iraq, where information about the test was lacking.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted in Salah Al-Din Province, with 235 patients aged 5–45 years examined at the Primary Health Care Center. Blood samples were taken and examined for antistreptolysin O using turbidimetry.

Results:
The results showed that ASO tonsillitis often increases in early childhood and decreases in urban areas (32.5%) presenting fever, joint, and loin pain.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, 40% of patients with tonsillitis had elevated antistreptolysin O levels, especially in the 5–14 years age group (47.36%), in urban areas (32.5%), and associated with fever (42.1%), cough (24.2%), and loin with joint pain (33.6%). These cases may progress into rheumatic heart disease, therefore, prompt treatment is necessary. A plan to prevent GAS infection and its complications should be implemented, along with more sensitive and specific investigations.
Evaluation of Ovarian Response Indexes as Predictors to the Outcome of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Kathim Miami Hashim , Al-Taee Hanan Abd Al-Jabbar , Al-Khafaji Zainab Hasan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Knowing predictors of pregnancy in assistant reproductive technology, knowing of predictors of pregnancy is helpful for clinicians to individualize treatment 14 Plans and improve patient counseling, and for patients to decide whether to undergo infertility treatment. Therefore, it is important to evaluate ovarian reserve prediction indexes as an index to predict response to assistant reproductive technology.

Objectives:
To evaluate the ovarian reserve index (AMH*AFC/Age), taking into account the total number of MII oocytes retrieved and the quality of embryo obtained as well as the pregnancy rate.

Materials and Methods:
This study is designed as a cohort prospective study and was conducted in Al-Sadder Teaching Medical City, Al Najaf Province. Sixty couples were enrolled. The gynecological examination was performed on day 2 of the cycle (CD2): vaginal ultrasound (U/S) and blood tests for FSH, LH, AMH, estradiol (E2), serum prolactin, and thyroid function test. The ovarian response prediction index (OPRI) values were measured by multiplying the AMH serum level (ng/mL) by the number of antral follicles with a diameter of 2–9 mm and then dividing the result by the age of the subjects (years).

Results:
The current study showed that the pregnancy rate of the studied group was 33.33%. There was a significant difference between pregnant and nonpregnant women in their AMH level (P value was 0.004). ORPI was significantly higher in pregnant women than nonpregnant women. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that there was a significant positive correlation of ORPI and higher AMH, AFC, lower BMI, MII, oocytes, and embryo number. ROC curve shows that ORPI had an AUC of 1.00 at cutoff point 2, giving a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 100%, respectively, and an AUC of 1.00 at a cutoff point 1, giving a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95%, respectively, which indicate that ORPI is an important predicting factor for ICSI success rate.

Conclusion:
ORPI was significantly higher in pregnant women than in the nonpregnant group; AMH was significantly higher in pregnant women than in the nonpregnant group. Women with higher AMH, AFC, and lower BMI are more likely to have higher ORPI.
Epidemiology of gallbladder cancer in India 2018–2023
Authors: Bhagat Tripta S. , Gulati Gunjan , Bhagat Rohit , Gupta Shalabh 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
India is a high-incidence area for gallbladder cancer (GBC), contributing approximately 10% of the global GBC burden. Within the country, the incidence is notably high in North, North-East, Central, and Eastern regions, whereas it is less common in South and West India. The incidence has been steadily rising in both genders. Patients often present with advanced disease, which carries a dismal prognosis. Unlike the West, GBC in India typically affects younger patients in their fifth and sixth decades of life. Gallstones are present in 80% of Indian GBC patients, increasing the vulnerability of the gallbladder to mucosal injury. However, the incidence of GBC is disproportionate to the prevalence of gallstones in the country. Additional cofactors such as older age, lower socioeconomic status, chronic Salmonella typhi infection, Helicobacter pylori infection, exposure to pollutants, heavy metals, chemicals, adulterated mustard oil, and smoking in patients with gallstones have been identified as promoters of carcinogenesis. These risk factors act additively, resulting in a higher incidence of GBC and accelerating its development. Environmental risk factors, including soil and water contamination by industrial wastes, agricultural effluents, and human sewage, have also been identified as putative risk factors. The combination of a toxic environment, a vulnerable gallbladder, and a susceptible host plays a key role in the pathogenesis of GBC in India. Large multicentric comprehensive studies are required to assess the attributable risk of each identified putative risk factor. This will aid in formulating cost-effective national strategies to prevent GBC-related mortality in the country. Meanwhile, maintaining a high index of suspicion to detect incidental GBC and improving access to health-care facilities for appropriate management of gallstones will help reduce GBC-related mortality.
Unraveling the enigma: Exploring functional neurological symptom disorder
Authors: Bhatti Sachinpal , Saran Brijesh , Nandita  , Kumar Saksham 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Conversion disorder, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by physical symptoms that impair voluntary motor or sensory functions. Although these symptoms may appear to be associated with another medical issue, they are actually caused by psychological factors. Importantly, they are not purposeful or related to substance abuse. The primary benefit of these symptoms is psychological, rather than social, financial, or legal.

Objectives:
To explore the comorbidities associated with conversion disorder, to explore the different theories associated with conversion disorder.

Methods:
A review of indexed literature on Conversion disorder or Functional neurological symptom disorder.

Conclusion:
People with conversion disease can have symptoms at any age, including in infancy. At different ages, some symptoms are more common than others. For example, age ranges 20–29 are often linked with seizures related to conversion disorder, but age ranges 30–39 are typically associated with other movement-related symptoms. In summary conversion disorder gives a glimpse into the complicated interplay between conscious and unconscious mind. It demonstrates how mind find inventive ways to express and manage inner problems, even when it means exhibiting physical symptoms.
A brief review of limbic system anatomy, function, and its clinical implication
Authors: Kaushal Parth Sarthi , Saran Brijesh , Bazaz Abhay , Tiwari Harshit 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The limbic system, also known as the paleomammalian cortex, is a complex network of brain regions that plays a crucial role in our behavior, memory, and emotional experiences.

Objective:
This review aims to explore the structure, role, and clinical implications of the limbic system. It also seeks to understand how the concept of the limbic system has evolved over time, from Broca’s large limbic lobe to MacLean’s triune brain theory.

Methods:
The study involves an in-depth exploration of the limbic system’s constituent parts, including the limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal area, and hypothalamus. It also examines the Papez and Yakovlev circuits, which are vital for emotion control.

Result:
The limbic system is involved in various processes, including long-term memory, spatial memory, autonomic function regulation, and the regulation of emotional reactions and behaviors. It is also essential for smell, hunger, sleep, dreams, and memory consolidation. The limbic system plays a significant role in several diseases, including epilepsy, limbic encephalitis, dementia, affective disorders, schizophrenia, KluverBucy syndrome, autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Korsakoff’s psychosis, and anxiety disorders.

Conclusion:
Understanding the functional neuroanatomy of the limbic system is crucial for comprehending human behavior and its anomalies. This review updates the original Papez circuit and emphasizes the role of the limbic system in behavior and neuropsychiatric disorders. It provides valuable insights into a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Research article: Utilization of bronchoalveolar lavage in clinical practice
Authors: Singh Pritam , Sharma Manish Kumar , Mahendran C. S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a pivotal diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in pulmonary medicine.

Objectives:
This research review delves into the multifaceted applications, indications, techniques, and potential advancements of BAL in contemporary medical practice.

Methods:
Drawing on a systematic review of existing literature, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of BAL’s clinical significance.

Results:
The review discusses BAL’s evolving role in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary conditions.

Conclusion:
BAL holds significant clinical value, with ongoing advancements enhancing its applications in pulmonary medicine.
Tuberculosis in the elderly population
Authors: Gupta Anmol , Sharma Manish Kumar , Mahendran C. S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health challenge, with the elderly population being particularly affected in certain regions. Around 17.5% of TB cases in France, in 2019, occurred in individuals over 65 years old. Aging leads to decreased lung function and structural changes that predispose the elderly to TB infection. Immunosenescence, comorbidities, malnutrition, and communal living situations increase TB risk in the elderly. TB symptoms in the elderly are often nonspecific and overlap with other conditions, complicating diagnosis. Radiological presentations may differ from younger patients, and the elderly may struggle to produce sputum for testing. Elderly patients may experience varying tolerances to TB medications, and age-related physiological changes and comorbidities influence treatment tolerance and outcomes. Careful management of drug interactions is crucial. Elderly TB patients, especially those who are frail or dependent, are at higher risk for infection and complications. Adherence to treatment is critical, often necessitating directly observed therapy and nutritional support.
Assessment of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter measurement in identifying raised ICP in TBI patients
Authors: Tanna Dimple Ajaykumar , Yadav Sakshi , Shrimal Prawal 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement for detecting elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. A comprehensive search identified 1,234 articles, with 10 meeting inclusion criteria. These studies demonstrated high sensitivity (88-95%) and specificity (80-90%) for ultrasonographic ONSD, underscoring its potential as a reliable, non-invasive method for assessing elevated ICP in emergency and critical care settings. However, variability in measurement techniques and operator expertise highlights the need for standardized protocols. Further research with larger sample sizes, standardized protocols, and long-term evaluations is necessary to confirm its diagnostic utility and ensure accuracy across diverse patient populations.
Acute white-out lung in mechanically ventilated patient
Authors: Agarwal Vanshika , Bharadwaj Vidushi , Sharma Manish Kumar , Mahendran C. S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
A 64-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease-5, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypertension presented with syncope and weakness. Initial examination revealed a heart rate (HR) of 18/min and blood pressure (BP) of 140/90 mmHg. Intravenous (iv) atropine was administered, increasing HR to 85/min. Subsequently, the patient became pulseless, unconscious, and unresponsive, necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as per Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) protocol. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved after three CPR cycles, and the patient regained consciousness. He was intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit. The patient, a smoker with a 4.5 pack-year history, experienced increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), elevated plateau pressure, and inadequate tidal volume generation a day later. Auscultation revealed significantly reduced air entry on the right side. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis indicated CO2 retention. Chest X-ray showed a white-out right lung, intercostal narrowing, and mediastinal shift toward the ipsilateral side.
Embarking on the journey of artificial intelligence for teaching surgery to medical students
Authors: Bhagat Tripta S. , Bhagat Rohit , Gulati Gunjan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current and prospective roles of artificial intelligence (AI) in surgical procedures and education. The integration of AI in surgical education has the potential to transform the way medical students learn, offering improved diagnostic accuracy, personalized learning experiences, and effective feedback mechanisms. However, it is crucial to address the challenges and ethical considerations associated with incorporating AI into surgical education to ensure its successful and responsible implementation. The integration of AI into surgical education presents a transformative opportunity to address knowledge deficits among medical students, thereby reinforcing their learning and promoting continuous improvement. This manuscript explores the potential of AI to provide objective assessments, targeted feedback, and personalized learning experiences, while also addressing the challenges and ethical considerations inherent in its implementation.
Papillary carcinoma arising in a throglosal cyst with no associated thyroid lesion: An unusual case
Authors: Sharma Richa , Singh Swati , Nath Navneet , Mittal Adreena , Tyagi Mayurika , Jain Mansi , Gaur Sushil 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Thyroglossal cyst is the most common development anomaly of thyroid gland as well as it represents the most common congenital neck mass. Thyroglossal duct associated malignancy is very rare, and majority is papillary carcinoma.

Case:
A 21-year-old female presented with a painless midline neck swelling. There are no complaints of difficulty in swallowing, breathing, or voice changes. Ultrasonography revealed a multiloculated cystic lesion in midline neck region. The patient underwent Sistrunk procedure. Histopathology revealed foci of papillary carcinoma in association with thyroglossal duct cyst.

Discussion:
Thyroglossal duct cyst remains the most common anomaly of thyroid development. It is also the most common congenital neck swelling. The malignancy associated with thyroglossal duct cyst is very rare. Suspicion of malignancy may arise when the cyst appears irregular, hard, and fixed.

Conclusion:
In our case, the presence of papillary structures in thyroglossal duct support the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma arising from thyroglossal duct rather than a secondary tumor or metastasis from other organs such as thyroid gland. A diagnosis of papillary carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst requires comprehensive surgical management and vigilant follow-up.
Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in orthodontic pain
Authors: Jha Mrigank Shekhar , Ahluwalia Rajiv , Chugh Tina 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Pain experienced during various stages of orthodontic treatment has been clearly outlined in scientific literature. Research has indicated that pain is a significant obstacle to orthodontic treatment and a common cause for discontinuation of treatment. Surprisingly, this particular area, which necessitates attention in both clinical practice and research, is often overlooked, as evidenced by the limited number of publications on the subject compared to other areas of orthodontic research. Numerous methods have been utilized to address orthodontic pain, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. One nonpharmacological method for pain management is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which has been widely utilized, although its application in orthodontics has not been extensively described. A limited number of studies have been found through a search on PubMed. The use of TENS could potentially be a valuable option in managing orthodontic pain. This review aims to compile the existing published literature on TENS therapy.