bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicuticular Flavonoids of Some Scrophulariaceae
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard , Dörr Marion , Roitman James N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Twenty-two species of Scophulariaceae have been found to accumulate flavonoid aglycones externally on their leaves and stems. They belong to the genera Anarrhinum , Antirrhinum , Asarina, Calceolaria, Mimulus, and Odontites. Most of the flavonoids are methylated flavones and flavonols, some with 6-O and/or 8-O -substitution. One of them is the natural isobutyryl ester of a rare flavone.
Participation of the Tightly-Bound (Putative Cytoskeleton-Bound) Polysomes in Translation during Germination of Dormant and Non-Dormant Cereal Caryopses
Authors: Weidner Stanisław , Łukaszewicz Dorota , Amarowicz Ryszard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Research was done on dormant and non-dorm ant barley cv. Ars caryopses and triticale cv. Grado caryopses treated and non-treated with abscisic acid (ABA). During germination higher participation of populations of so-called tightly-bound polysom es (TBP) in embryos of dormant barley caryopses was observed, as well as their high metabolic activity. In embryos of triticale caryopses of which dormancy was imposed in an artificial way by ABA (100 μM), the strongest incorporation of 14C -amino acids into nascent polypeptide chains in vivo was found in population of TBP, as well as the highest participation among three of the studied fractions (free polysomes, membrane-bound polysom es and tightly-bound polysomes). These results may indicate the significant role of TBP (putative cytoskeleton-bound polysomes - CBP) in maintaining dormancy during imbibition of cereal caryopses.
Extracellular Xylanase Production by Two Thermophilic Alkali-Tolerant Bacillus Strains in Batch and Continuous Cultures
Authors: Emanuilova Elka I. , Dimitrov Plamen L. , Mandeva Rossica D. , Kambourova Margarita S. , Engibarov Stefan A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Xylanase production of newly isolated thermophilic alkali-tolerant Bacillus sp. strain SP and strain BC was investigated in batch and continuous cultures. Enzyme synthesis was inducible with both strains and was observed only in xylan-containing media. Xylan from oat spelt is a better inducer than xylan from birch for strain Bacillus sp. BC while such difference was not observed for strain SP Compared with batch cultures xylanase production of both strains increased about two times and its rate became more than four times faster in continuous cultures at a dilution rate of 0.2 h-1.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of European Propolis
Authors: Hegazi Ahmed G. , Abd El Hady Faten K. , Abd Allah Fayrouz A. M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Three propolis samples from Austria, Germany and France were investigated by GC/MS, where eleven compounds were being new for propolis. The samples showed some similarities in their qualitative composition. Phenylethyl-trans-caffeate, benzyl ferulate and galangin were predominant in German propolis. Benzyl caffeate was predominant in French sample. Pinocembrin was predominant in French and Austrian propolis and trans-p-coumaric acid was predominant in all samples.
The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was evaluated. German propolis showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. While Austrian propolis has the highest activity against Candida albicans. French propolis was effective against all pathogens but less than German and Austrian propolis.
Evalution of Phenolic Compounds in Brazilian Propolis from Different Geographic Regions
Authors: Marcucci Maria Cristina , Ferreres Federico , Custódio Angela Ramalho , Ferreira Marcia M.C. , Bankova Vassya Stefanova , García-Viguera Cristina , Bretz Walter Antonio 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Chemometrics has been shown quite efficient to uncover relationships between chemical composition of a sample and its geographical origin. Forty propolis samples originated from the the South and South East of Brazil were analyzed by HPLC and 18 compounds of interest were studied which included: caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and some of their derivatives, pinobanksin, a derivative of kaempferol and five phenolic compounds (assigned as 3-prenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (PHCA ); 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethnyl-2H-l-benzopyran (DCBE); 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA ); compound E (still unknown) and 6-propenoic-2,2-dimethyl-8-prenyl-2H-l-benzopyran acid (DPB). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated three different groups of propolis samples, having the same typical chromatogram, evaluated by HPLC. Samples from the South East group were rich in derivatives of kaempferol. Samples from the South group I had a high content of DPB compound, but a low concentration of kaempferol derivatives and of DCBEN compound. Samples from the South group II were characterized by a high concentration of DCBEN , DHCA , p-coum-aric and DPB compounds. Therefore, the identification of new compounds in Brazilian propolis can give useful information about the plant sources of a given geographic region.
Lethal Attribute of Serine Protease Secreted by Vibrio alginolyticus Strains in Kuruma Prawn Penaeus japonicus
Authors: Chen Ferng-Ruey , Liu Ping-Chung , Lee Kuo-Kau 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Toxicity of the extracellular products (ECP) and the lethal attribute of serine protease secreted by five pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus strains from various sources in kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus were studied. The ECPs of organisms originally isolated from diseased kuruma prawn or small abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were more lethal (LD50 value of 0.48 or 0.41 μg protein/g prawn) than those from diseased tiger prawn P.monodon, yellowfin porgy Acanthopagrus latus or horse mackerel (LD50 value of 0.98 -1.17 μg protein/g prawn). All the ECPs manifested strong, weak and no activities against gelatin, sheep erythrocytes and chitin, respectively. In immunodiffusion tests using rabbit antiserum to a purified 33 kDa serine protease of strain Swy against ECP of each tested strain produced one single precipitation band in each treatment. Furtherm ore, the serine protease was suggested to be the dominant protease secreted by V. alginolyticus strains tested since the majority of enzymatic activity of the respective ECP was inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). A higher inhibition of serine protease activity by PMSF resulted in lower mortality rate of the ECPs injected into the prawns suggesting that the protease is one of the major lethal factor(s) secreted by Valginolyticus.
Interrelation between Cyanophycin Synthesis, L-Arginine Catabolism and Photosynthesis in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp. Strain PCC 6803
Authors: Stephan Dirk Paul , Ruppel Hans Georg , Pistorius Elfriede K. 
Published: February 2015

ʟ
Ultrastructural and imm unocytochemical investigations gave evidence that cyanophycin (multi--arginyl-poly-ʟ-aspartate) granules accumulate in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 under nutrient deficient growth conditions, especially under phosphate limitation. Besides nutrient deficiency, growth of Synechocystis PCC 6803 on ʟ-arginine or ʟ-asparagine as sole N-source also led to high increase of cyanophycin synthesis, while growth on the combination of ʟ-arginine or ʟ-asparagine with nitrate only caused minor cyanophycin accum ulation. Growth of Synechocystis PCC 6803 on ʟ-arginine as sole N-source caused substantial morphological and physiological changes, such as severe thylakoid membrane degradation with partial loss of pigments and photosynthetic activity leading to a phenotype almost like that seen under nutrient deficiency. In contrast to the wild type, the PsbO-free Synechocystis PCC 6803 mutant could grow on ʟ-arginine as sole N-source with only minor morphological and physiological changes. Due to its fairly balanced growth, the mutant accumulated only few cyanophycin granules. ʟ-arginine degrading activity (measured as ornithine and ammonium formation) was high in the PsbO-free mutant but not in the wild type when cells were grown on ʟ-arginine as sole N-source. In both cells types the ʟ-arginine degrading activity was high (although in the PsbO-free mutant about twice as high as in wild type), when cells were grown on ʟ-arginine in combination with nitrate, and as expected very low when cells were grown on nitrate as sole N-source. Thus, net cyanophycin accumulation in Synechocystis PCC 6803 is regulated by the relative concentration of ʟ-arginine to the total nitrogen pool, and the intracellular ʟ-arginine concentration is greatly influenced by the activity of the ʟ-arginine degrading enzyme system which in part is regulated by the activity status of photosystem II. These results suggest a complex interrelation between cyanophycin synthesis, ʟ-arginine catabolism , and in addition photosynthesis in Synechocystis PCC 6803.
Succinopyoverdins - a New Variety of the Pyoverdin Chromophore
Authors: Lenz Christof , Amann Cordula , Briskot Gernot , Taraz Kambiz , Budzikiewicz Herbert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. of the fluorescent group produce siderophores (so-called pyoverdins) consisting of a peptide chain attached to a pyrimidoquinoline ring system which is derived from a condensation product of L-Dab and D-Tyr. Commonly several related compounds are found to accompany the pyoverdins having the same peptide chain, but differing in the heterocyclic part. The structure elucidation of a new variety (succinopyoverdin) is described here.
Gene Expression of Medicago sativa Inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti as Modulated by the Xenobiotics Cadmium and Fluoranthene
Authors: Neumann Heike , Werner Dietrich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa cv. Europe) inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti 2011 (formerly Rhizobium meliloti, de Lajudie et al., 1994) were cultivated for 14 days under standardized growth conditions in mineral medium with addition of the heavy metal cadmium or the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene. These xenobiotics significantly reduced the numbers of root nodules before any visible damage to the plant could be detected. EC10. EC50, and EC90 (effective concentrations reducing nodulation, shoot and root fresh weight by 10, 50, or 90% compared to the control without pollutant) were calculated. EC50 for cadmium ranged from 5.8 jam (nodulation) to more than 20 μᴍ (root fresh weight). Testing fluoranthene resulted in an EC50 of 2.5 μg cm-2 for nodulation, and EC50 values of more than 35 μg cm-2 for shoot and root biomass production, indicating that the effect parameter nodulation is 10-fold more sensitive than shoot and root fresh weight. With m RNA differential display techniques the effects of both xenobiotics on gene expression in alfalfa root systems were studied. 37 differentially displayed transcripts were detected. Two of them, called DDMs1 and DDMs2, were confirmed by northern hybridization to be down-regulated in the presence of the xenobiotics. The expression of transcript DDMs1 was enhanced in alfalfa control plants inoculated with rhizobia, the transcript level was increased 2.5-3-fold compared to non-inoculated plants. This positive effect of nodulation was suppressed, partly by 35 μg cm-2 fluoranthene and totally by 20 μᴍ cadmium. The decrease in DDMsl transcription was highly affected by the cadmium concentration with an EC50 of 5.9 μᴍ . Compared to nodulation, almost identical EC10, EC50. and EC90 values were found for DDMsl expression. Sequence analysis of DDMsl revealed a significant overall homology (50% identity) to a hypothetical protein from Arabidopsis thaliana with high similarity to a copper transporting ATPase. High levels of transcript DDMs2 were observed in control plants with a 50% decrease in the xenobiotic-treated plants. DDM s2 gave a strong homology (82% identity) to the cytoplasmatic 60S ribosomal protein L18 from Arabidopsis thaliana.
Metabolic Transformation of the Brassinosteroid 24-Epi-castasterone by the Cockroach Periplaneta americana
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen , Richter Klaus , Voigt Brunhilde , Adam Günter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
After feeding of 24-epi-castasterone to the cockroach Periplaneta americana an organspecific epimerization of the brassinosteroid to 2,24-depi-castasterone could be detected in female insects. The metabolite being observed only in the ovaries and not in the testes of the insect was identified by GC/MS in comparison with a synthesized authentic sample. Contrary, 24-epi-brassinolide is not metabolized in the sexual organs of Periplaneta americana. This is the first evidence of a metabolic transformation of a brassinosteroid in insects.
Phospholipids in Mediterranean Cephalopods
Authors: Sinanoglou Vassilia J. , Miniadis-Meimaroglou Sofia 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Polar lipids of the cephalopods Eledone moschata, Sepia officinalis and Todarodes sagittatus mantle, represent 50.5%, 66.1% and 74.2% of wet tissue respectively. On the other hand the polar lipids of these three species of cephalopods constitute of 80.8%, 94.8% and 93.7% of phospholipids, respectively. The main phospholipids identified were phosphatidylcholine (52.2, 51.3 and 58.4% of total phospholipids respectively in the above mentioned species), phosphatidylethanolamine (18.1, 19.7 and 23.9%), sphingomyelin (10.7, 15.2 and 6.7%), lysophosphatidylcholine (3.1, 3.8 and 1.8%) and the unusual lipid ceramide aminoethylphosphonic acid (15.9, 10 and 9.2%).
The 56.8% of phosphatidylcholine in Eledone moschata, the 46% in Sepia officinalis and the 74.1% in Todarodes sagittatus refer to the structure of 1,2-diacyl-glycerocholine and the remaining percentage refer to the structure of 1-o-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerocholine or 1-o-alkyl-lenyl- 2-acyl-glycerocholine.
The 87.2% of phosphatidylethanolamine in Eledone moschata, the 81% in Sepia officinalis and the 90.7% in Todarodes sagittatus refer to the structure of 1,2-diacyl-glyceroethanolamine and the remaining percentage refer to the structure of 1-o-alkyl-2-acyl-glyceroethanolamine or 1-o-alkyl-1-enyl-2-acyl-glyceroethanolamine.
The major saturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were C16:0 (30.3-67.5% and 23.2-54.5% ) and C18:0 (3.6-17% and 15.4-28% ), respectively, while the major unsaturated fatty acids in these lipids were C18:1n-9, n-7 (1.0-7.3% and 5.3-10.5% ), C20:5n-3 (1.5-9.8% and 4,5-15.8% ) and C22:6n-3 (12.5-42.0% and 7 .0 - 11.3%), respectively.
Transfer to in vitro Conditions Influences Expression and Intracellular Distribution of Galectin-3 in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Dumić Jerka , Laue Gordan , Hadžija Mirko , Flögel Mirna 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that has been implicated in numerous physiological processes, including mRNA splicing, cell differentiation, tumor metastasis and the stress response. We have studied effects of transfer of resident murine peritoneal macrophages to in vitro conditions on galectin-3 in different cell compartments. Galectin-3 was purified by immunoprecipitation with rat monoclonal antibody M3/38, and analyzed by immunoblotting using the same antibody. Transfer to in vitro conditions nearly doubled the total amount of galectin-3 in cells, and caused significant alterations in its intracellular distribution, indicating that galectin-3 is involved in the adaptation of peritoneal macrophages to in vitro conditions.
Inhibitory Effect of a Cyclic Urea Derivative on Rubella Virus Replication
Authors: Galabov Angel S. , Mihneva Zefira , Hadjiathanassova Vessela , Zhukovec Vera 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
1-(4-Morpholinomethyl)-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (mopyridone) exhibited a marked activity against rubella virus (Judith and RA27/3 strains), a MIC50 value of 0.9 μᴍ and selectivity ratio of 557.7 been found in the case of Judith strain. These data, in addition to the previous ones about its anti-alphavirus effects suggest the compound to be considered as a broad spectrum inhibitor of togavirus replication.
The Siderophores of Pseudomonas fluorescens 18.1 and the Importance of Cyclopeptidic Substructures for the Recognition at the Cell Surface
Authors: Amann Cordula , Taraz Kambiz , Budzikiewicz Herbert , Meyer Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure of the pyoverdin siderophore of Pseudomonas fluorescens 18.1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical degradation. By cross feeding studies structurally closely related pyoverdins containing a C-terminal cyclopeptidic substructure were tested regarding the mutual recognition by the producing strains. Partial recognition of foreign pyoverdins was observed.
Major Constituents of the Foliar Epicuticular Waxes of Species from the Caatinga and Cerrado
Authors: Oliveira Antonio F. M. , Salatino Antonio 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The epicuticular waxes of leaves of four species (Aspidospermci pyrifolium, Capparis yco, Maytenus rigida and Ziziphus joazeiro) from the Caatinga, (a semi-arid ecosystem of Northeast Brazil) and four species (Aristolochia esperanzae, Didymopanax vinosum, Strychnos pseudoquina and Tocoyena formosa) from the Cerrado, (a savanna ecosystem covering one third of the Brazilian territory), were analyzed. Six species contained a high content (above 60 μg.cm-2) of wax, four of them from the Caatinga. Triterpenoids and n-alkanes were the most frequent and abundant constituents found in the species from both habitats. The distribution of n-alkanes predominated by homologues with 27, 29, 31 and 33 carbon atoms, displayed no consistent differences between species from the two habitats. Lupeol, β-amyrin, epifriedelinol and ursolic acid were the triterpenoids found. Triterpenoids clearly predominate over alkanes in the waxes from the Cerrado species. The waxes of two evergreen species from the Caatinga yielded n-alkanes as predominant constituents. A comparison of foliar epicuticular waxes of native plants from ecosystems with different hydric constraints is discussed.
Elicitor-Induced Defence Reactions in Cell Suspension Cultures of Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Groten Karin , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Suspension cultured soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cells of four cultivars (Wilis, Lumut, Kalmit, Doko RC) were compared for their response to different fungal and bacterial elicitors. Cells were treated either with crude cell wall extracts of the fungal pathogens Phytophthora sojae (Pmg-elicitor) and Rhizoctonia solani (Riso-elicitor) or with two isolates of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg01/02) and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial defence reactions was measured. Cells of all four cultivars showed the same elicitor-induced rapid (H2O2 accumulation, alkalinization of the culture medium, peroxidative cross-linking of cell wall proteins) and slow (activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, accumulation of phenolic compounds, induction of PR-proteins) defence responses. However, the reactivity of the cultivars was not identical in terms of time courses and intensities. Furthermore, the ability of the various elicitors to induce defence responses varied markedly. These differences indicate that (1) cells of the same species but of different cultivars are equipped with the same array of perception systems to recognise various stimuli but (2 ) the sensitivity of these perception systems or later steps in the signal transduction seem to be stimulated to a different extent in the analysed cultivars.
The Influence of Formamide on Thermal Denaturation Profiles of DNA and Metaphase Chromosomes in Suspension
Authors: Rauch Joachim , Wolf Dietmar , Hausmann Michael , Cremer Christoph 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Systematic photometric studies are presented to analyze the thermal denaturation behaviour with and without formamide of metaphase chromosome suspensions in comparison to DNA solutions. Temperature dependent hyperchromicity measurements at 256 nm and 313 nm were performed using an appropriately designed computer-controlled photometer device. Due to an upright optical axis, this allowed absorbance measurements with negligible sedimentation effects not only for solutions of pure DNA, but also for particle suspensions of isolated metaphase chromosomes. This device has a temperature resolution of ± 0.5 °C and an optical sensitivity of 10-3 to 10-4 optical density. For calf thymus DNA the reduction of the melting point with the increase of formamide in the solution was measured at pH 7.0 and pH 3.2. The good correlation of the theoretical approximation to experimental data indicated the suitability of the apparatus to quantitatively describe DNA conformation changes induced by thermal denaturation. For metaphase chromosome preparations of Chinese hamster culture cells, absorbance changes were measured between 20 °C and 95 °C with a temperature gradient of 1 °C/min. These measurements were performed at pH 7.0 and at pH 3.2. The denaturation profiles (= first derivative of the absorbance curve) resulted in a highly variable peak pattern at 256 nm and 313 nm indicating complex conformation changes. A statistical evaluation of the temperature values of the peak maxima resulted in temperature ranges typical for chromosomal conformation changes during thermal treatment. Especially the range of highest temperature values was independent from pH modifications. For pH 3.2 the influence of formamide on the denaturation behaviour of metaphase chromosome preparations was analyzed. In contrast to pure DNA solutions, a reduction of the “melting point” (i.e. the maximum temperature at which a conformation change takes place) was not found. However, the denaturation behaviour depended on the duration of formamide treatment before the measurement.
Influence of Triphenyllead Chloride on Biological and Model Membranes
Authors: Kleszczyńska Halina , Bielecki Krzysztof , Sarapuk Janusz , Dziamska Anna , Przestalski Stanislaw 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The physiological and hemolytic toxicities of triphenyllead chloride (TPhL) as well as its modyfying influence on model lipid membranes were studied. The experiments allowed the determination of TPhL concentrations causing 50% inhibition of growth of Spirodela oligorrhiza, Lemna minor and Solvinia natans (EC50), 100% hemolysis of pig erythrocytes (C100) and destabilization of planar lipid membranes (CC). Also, fluidity of erythrocyte ghosts was measured by fluorescence technique and osmotic sensitivity of erythrocytes to the presence of TPhL. All parameters studied were found to be dependent on pH, of experimental solutions and the concentration of TPhL. Acidic conditions increased EC50, C100 and CC concentrations of TPhL. Fluorescence and osmotic measurements showed that osmotic stability and fluidity decreased with increasing trimethyllead concentration.
A possible mechanism of TPhL toxicity is discussed. It is assumed that TPhL is interacting with the lipid phase of the models used. It is also assumed that there may exist various, ionic and nonionic, forms of TPhL as a result of its speciation under different experimental conditions. These species, due to their differentiated lipophilicity, may exert different effects on the model membranes studied.