bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Cattle Fattening Practices in Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Fufa Fekadu , Kenea Mesfin , Kerorsa Gemechu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Beef cattle are one of a few agricultural commodities in Ethiopia and the cattle fattening is an effective tool for poverty alleviation, good opportunity for employment and income generation as a whole via utilizing seasonally available feed resources. This research was carried out in Kellem Wollega Zone of Oromia Regional state, Western Ethiopia, with the objective of the assessment of cattle fattening practices in the zone. It was carried out using structured and semi-structured questionnaire by interviewing a total of 378 cattle fattener households who were proportionally selected from high land, midland and lowland agro-ecologies. The result of the study indicated that, only local cattle breeds were used for fattening where there was highest preference for adult bulls (70.1%), that is followed by oxen (24.1%), old and infertile female cow (5.8%). The major feeding practices of cattle fattening in the study area were (48.4%) stall feeding only, (31.5%) combination of stall feeding and free gazing and (20.1%) free grazing system. The major feed resources used for cattle fattening during dry season in order of commonly used were crop-residues, stubble grazing, non-conventional feeds, grains, hay, natural pasture and browse trees, while during wet season, cut and carry forages, natural grazing, non-conventional feeds, crop residues, grain, stubble grazing and hay were ranking 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th, respectively in order of commonly used. The overall feeding duration of fattening cattle were three months (36.5%), four months (27%), five months (28.6%) and six months and above (7.9%). Separated house types (47.3%) for the animals were the commonest housing system in the study area. It can be concluded that cattle fattening could be one potential strategy to enhance the income of smallholder farmers. Moreover detailed on station research work of cattle fattening practices are required.
Wheat breeding to better feed a growing world: historic insights and future potential elaborated using a diverse cultivars collection and extended phenotyping.
Authors: Hassouni Khaoula El , Afzal Muhammad , Boeven Philipp , Dörnte Jost , Koch Michael , Pfeiffer Nina , Pfleger Franz , Rapp Matthias , Schacht Johannes , Spiller Monika , Sielaff Malte , Tenzer Stefan , Thorwarth Patrick , Longin Friedrich 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important staple crops playing a pivotal role to sustainably feed the growing world population. Wheat breeding mainly focused on improving agronomy and techno-functionality for bread or pasta production, but nutrient content is becoming increasingly more important to fight malnutrition. We therefore investigated 282 bread wheat cultivars from seven decades of wheat breeding in Central Europe on 63 different traits related to agronomy, quality and nutrients under multiple field trials. Wheat breeding has tremendously increased grain yield, resistance against diseases and lodging as well as baking quality across last decades. Whereas, mineral content slightly decreased without selection on it, probably due to its negative correlation with grain yield. The significant genetic variances determined for almost all traits show the potential for further improvement but significant negative correlations among grain yield and baking quality as well as grain yield and mineral content complicate their combined improvement. Thus, compromises in improvement of these traits are necessary to feed a growing global population.
Immunotherapy Response and Resistance in Patients with Advanced Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Maurer Alexander , Clerici Giulio , Schaab Jan , Cheng Phil , Mihic Daniela , Mader Caecilia , Messerli Michael , Huellner Martin , Dummer Reinhard , Dimitriou Florentia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is associated with poor prognosis. Treatment with ipilimumab/nivolumab has shown antitumor efficacy. Tebentafusp resulted in longer overall survival (OS) compared to investigator`s choice in a phase III study. The aim of this study is to describe the radiological response patterns with both treatments in association with the treatment outcome.
Methods
Patients with mUM treated with ipilimumab/nivolumab or tebentafusp with available radiological assessment per RECISTv1.1 and/or imPERCIST5. Disease outcome, landmark progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were reported. The same criteria were used to assess the liver-specific response.
Results
14 patients were treated with ipilimumab/nivolumab; treatment efficacy for best overall response (BOR) per RECIST v1.1 and imPERCIST5 was similar for the PFS (p=0.37 and p=0.23) and OS (p=0.14 and p=0.23). Patients with complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response (PMR) and partial response (PR) had longer PFS by trend. Treatment efficacy at the liver was concordant with the overall treatment efficacy for the PFS and OS.
22 patients were treated with tebentafusp; BOR per imPERCIST5 and RECISTv1.1 did not differ for the PFS (p=0.48 and p=0.21, respectively) and OS (p=0.63 and p=0.32, respectively). The hepatic treatment efficacy was concordant with the overall treatment efficacy. Patients with liver SD as best response showed a significant OS benefit (p=0.045).
Conclusion
Comprehensive radiological response evaluation with both RECIST v1.1 and imPERCIST5 can synergistically provide with an accurate assessment of immunotherapy efficacy in mUM, but both methods display limitations. Further studies to investigate the mechanisms of response and resistance are required.
Does the use of Acellular Dermal Matrices (ADM) in women undergoing pre-pectoral implant-based breast reconstruction increase operative success versus non-use of ADM in the same setting? A systematic review
Authors: Cook Hannah , Glynou Sevasti P , Sousi Sara , Zargaran David , Hamilton Stephen , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the UK. Reconstruction – of which implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most common – forms a core part of surgical management of breast cancer. More recently, pre-pectoral IBBR has become common as technology and operative techniques have evolved.
Many surgeons use acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in reconstruction however there is little evidence in literature that this improves surgical outcomes. This review will assess available evidence for surgical outcomes for breast reconstructions using ADM versus non-use of ADM.
Methods
A database search was performed of Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012-2022). Studies were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of Bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale and ROBIS tools. Analysis and meta-analysis were performed.
Results
This review included 25 studies (4045 breast reconstructions). No significant difference between overall complications and failure rates between ADM and non-ADM use was demonstrated. Capsular contracture, wound dehiscence and implant rippling had significant differences however these results demonstrated high heterogeneity thus wider generalisation may be inaccurate. Patient quality of life scores were not recorded consistently or comparably between papers.
Conclusions
This review suggests a lack of significant differences in most complications between ADM use and non-use for pre-pectoral IBBR. If no increase in complications exists between groups, this has significant implications for surgical and legislative decision-making. There is, however, inadequate evidence available on the topic and further research is required.
Bead Layout and Error Rectification of Groove Weld at Intersecting Structures
Authors: Chen Changrong , Guo Yukai , Zhou Sunsheng , Zhou Jingxin , Lian Guofu , Huang Xu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The welding of intersecting structures requires multi-layer multi-pass welding. Manual welding of intersecting curves is being replaced by robotic welding due to its low efficiency and poor consistency. To enhance weld accuracy in intersecting structures and optimize multi-layer multi-pass planning in robot welding of large components, a realistic groove model is devised to address discrepancies between theoretical and actual groove surfaces. This include determining the size of the actual error angle, and the modeling of the actual groove in the intersecting structure. A method for groove error correction is then proposed based on this model. Firstly, the total and the error areas of the actual groove are calculated. Subsequently, the errors for each layer of the groove are computed from the total error area of the groove. Error correction for the groove layout is implemented layer by layer, resulting in an algorithm for multi-layer multi-pass groove layout correction. Additionally, a fitting function that closely approximates the groove profile is derived. This procedure finalizes the groove error correction, and through MATLAB simulation, the corrected intersecting structure groove is modeled, with results aligning with the error correction algorithm. Finally, further simulation and experimentation validate the feasibility, accuracy and effectiveness of the error correction algorithm for multi-layer multi-pass weld planning the actual intersecting structure groove, offering a theoretical foundation for the intricate weld planning required in robotic welding of intersecting components.
Who Will be More Likely to Seek Help? The Relationship Between Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Literacy, Attitudes Toward Suicide and Help Seeking Intention
Authors: Vu Bich-Phuong , Nguyen Ha-Giang , Dang Hoang-Minh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Suicide is a significant concern globally, although research among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries remains scarce. This study aims to investigate gender differences and the factors that can contribute to Vietnamese adolescents’ intention to seek help when experiencing suicidal thoughts. A total of 2,976 adolescents reported their level of suicidal ideation, suicide literacy, attitudes toward suicidal individuals, and preferred sources of help. One third of them experienced suicidal ideation. Mean suicide literacy was generally low but was lower in males. Low suicide literacy also correlated with higher level of suicide stigmatization, and males reported more stigmatization towards suicidal individuals. As expected, adolescents sought help from families and friends more than from professionals. Contrasting to our hypothesis, being male, having more stigma, and less suicidal ideation predicted more help seeking intention. The results of this study highlight the importance of careful suicide prevention and intervention strategies for this population.
Analysis of spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of water poverty and ecological resilience coupling coordination in Chinese mega cities
Authors: zhang haiqi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Water poverty and ecological resilience in mega cities are not only related to the health and well-being of residents, but also important aspects of achieving sustainable development goals, promoting environmental protection, and international cooperation. This article selects data from 10 mega cities in China from 2013 to 2022 and constructs a coupling coordination model to analyze the coupling relationship and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics between water poverty and ecological resilience in mega cities. In addition, the Tobit model was used to explore the main influencing factors of the above two systems, and the following conclusions were drawn: firstly, from 2013 to 2022, the comprehensive evaluation index of water poverty and ecological resilience in Chinese mega cities showed a dynamic upward trend. Secondly, during the period of 2013-2022, the degree of coupling and coordination between water poverty and ecological resilience in China's mega cities has become increasingly high, with Wuhan being in a highly coordinated area in 20222. Thirdly, in terms of influencing factors, economic development level, industrial structure, and technological innovation have a positive impact on the coupling and coordination level of water poverty and ecological resilience. The negative impact of population density and urbanization level on the coupling and coordination level of water poverty and ecological resilience.
Phylogenetic study of Dipylidium caninum Isolated from cats (Felis domestica) and dogs (Canis familiaris) intestines.
Authors: Al-Ardi Musafer 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Knowing the parasites' genotypes and establishing their phylogenetic tree help to define their route of evolution and determine their origin. On the other hand, understanding the variation in genome sequences aids in the development of techniques for identifying diseases and selecting the best and most efficient treatments. This study used worms isolated from cats and dogs intestines to genotyping and draw phylogenetic tree of Dipylidium caninum. This study approach involved isolating worms directly from the intestines of dogs and cats, and confirming infection through molecular diagnosis using primers designed by the author. Genotyping using primers for the large subunit rRNA gene revealed sequences of DNA products that were deposited in the GenBank. Finally, these sequences were aligned with previous sequences deposited in the GenBank, and gene sequences in cats were compared with their counterparts in dogs. Infection significantly were higher among dogs than cats and among males than females. Three sequences (OQ987885 to OQ987887) isolated from dogs and another (OQ987888 to OQ987890) isolated from cats have been deposited in the Gen Bank. Phylogenetic tree comparing these sequences and showing the genetic distance between them. Sequences deposited from this study recorded high alignment with (MG587892.1) and (OK523385.1) sequences dating back to D. caninum. The host species influences the species and ability of the parasite that will infect it, and possibly the genotypes as well. Canine fleas can infect dogs and cats, while feline fleas can infect cat only. so the parasite must adapt to continue living, and one of the ways to adapt is heterogeneity of genotypes.
The Ferromagnetic Glass State: collapse of the standard ferromagnetic domain structure
Authors: Benini Mattia , Shumilin Andrei , Rakshit Rajib , Sahoo Antarjami , Halder Anita , Droghetti Andrea , Cugini Francesco , Solzi Massimo , Bisero Diego , Graziosi Patrizio , Riminucci Alberto , Bergenti Ilaria , Singh Manju , Gnoli Luca , Sanna Samuele , Mertelj Tomaz , Kabanov Viktor , Sanvito Stefano , Dediu Valentin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We demonstrate that, upon the chemisorption of organic molecules, Co thin films display a novel magnetic phase that we tentatively call Ferromagnetic Glass State. This is characterised by a giant magnetic hardening and by the violation of the Rayleigh law for magnetization reversal. Such new phase originates from the modification of the surface magnetic anisotropy induced by the molecule/film interaction, whose result is to produce a correlated random anisotropy field. The ferromagnetic glass state then emerges when the correlation length of the random anisotropy field is close to the characteristic exchange length that, in our case, is of the order of 10nm. At the microscopic level, the ferromagnetic glass state is defined by blurred pseudo-domains intertwined by diffuse and irregular domain walls. Intriguingly, the magnetization reversal process of such configuration terminates with vortex-like structures, predicted by theory and measured by magnetic-force microscopy. Our work shows how the strong electronic interaction of standard components, Co thin films and readily available molecules, can generate structures with remarkable new magnetic properties, and thus opens a new avenue for the design of tailored-on-demand magnetic composites.
A Reference Ontology for Putting Together Pregnancy and Mental Health
Authors: Teixeira Maria das Graças da Silva , Meireles Luiz Guilherme Rodrigues , Cândido Cássio Pereira , Prado Kelly dos Santos , Hisatugu Wilian Hiroshi , Garcia Anilton Salles , Dias Rodrigo da Silva , Sousa Rafael Teixeira , Mota Amanda Sodré , Galletta Marco Aurélio Knippel , Tavares Hermano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a period characterized by mystique and societal expectations surrounding women. However, it can also be a challenging time for women. The mental well-being of a pregnant woman is influenced, in part, by her obstetric history and the psychosocial context. Detecting stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women is crucial for reducing health problems, particularly mental health issues.
Results: A project named Digital Pregnancy - Grávida Digital in Portuguese - is currently in development to address these aspects within the context of healthcare. To achieve this goal, a reliable methodology is necessary, and a conceptual model called the Ontology of Pregnancy and Mental Health, known in Portuguese as Ontologia da Gravidez e a Saúde Mental (OntoGSM), has been proposed. OntoGSM aims to provide semantic structuring of data generated throughout the project. It was developed based on the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) and followed the Systematic Approach for Building Ontologies (SABiO) as the development process. OntoGSM is the outcome of collaborative efforts from a diverse team of specialists in women's health, mental health, and computer science.
Conclusions: The OntoGSM´s objective is to create a tool that accommodates a broad spectrum of stakeholders, enabling a comprehensive understanding and support for women throughout their pregnancy journey within the healthcare domain. Once this integrated domain is accurately represented, the subsequent step involves constructing a tool that utilizes this representation.
Potential effects of atmospheric pollutants on tuberculosis incidence in specific geographical Settings: a case of dust transmission in Kashgar, China
Authors: Shang Bo , Wei Chengjing , Wang Chenchen , Zheng Yanling , Zhang Liping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Air pollution can impact the human immune system through inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, immune regulation, respiratory health, and various other mechanisms. Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) in the aimay act as a carrier, facilitating the spread of tuberculosis bacilli among populations.However, the complex nature of real-world environments often makes experimentalsimulation challenging.This study starts from the spatial dimension, simulates the transport of pollutants and analyzes the incidence of tuberculosis and the distribution characteristics of pollutants in the typical area of surrounded by three mountains and facing the desert: Kashgar region.
Methods
The distribution characteristics of pollutants and tuberculosis epidemic areas were analyzed by Kriging interpolation
Immobilization of Bacillus subtilis in biohybrid crosslink chitosan-glutaraldehyde for acid red 88 dye removal: Box–Behnken design optimization and mechanism study
Authors: Agha Hasan M. , Allaq Abdulmutalib , Jawad Ali H. , Aazmi Shafiq , ALOthman Zeid A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Herein, a novel biomaterial of crosslink chitosan-glutaraldehyde combined with Bacillus subtilis biomass (CHS-GLU/BCL) was synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis to effectively remove the anionic dye (Acid red 88; AR88) from synthetic wastewater solution. The features of the CHS-GLU/BCL biomaterial were assessed using SEM-EDX, pHpzc, BET, and FTIR studies. To optimize the adsorption efficiency of CHS-GLU/BCL to remove AR88 dye a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized. The experiment utilized three independent variables including, the dosage of CHS-GLU/BCL (A: 0.02–0.1 g/100 mL), the contact time (B: 5–30 min), and the pH of the AR88 solution (C: 4–10). The investigation of adsorption kinetics confirms that the AR88 dye adsorption onto the CHS-GLU/BCL biomaterial follows the pseudo second order and pseudo first order kinetics models. Moreover, the isotherm data fits the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of AR88 dye onto CHS-GLU/BCL biomaterial was determined to be 148 mg/g in an acidic pH environment (pH = 4). The adsorption mechanism of AR88 and dye onto the biomaterial surface can be related to many connections, such as hydrogen bonding, n-π interactions, and electrostatic attraction. Hence, the biomaterial CHS-GLU/BCL has a good potency affinity for adsorbing anionic dye.
Unveiling Ophiuroid Diversity Across North Atlantic Habitats: an integrative perspective
Authors: Schmidt Lydia Anastasia , Brix Saskia , Rossel Sven , Forster Stefan , Eichsteller Angelina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The depths of the North Atlantic Ocean host a species-rich fauna providing heterogeneous habitats from thermal vent fields to cold-water coral reefs. With the increasing threat of destruction of deep-sea habitats due to human impacts, such as demersal fishing and the beginning of deep-sea mining, an analysis of the diversity and distribution of species is crucial for conservation efforts. Brittle stars occur in high biomasses, contributing to the biodiversity of the seafloor. We collected specimens during several scientific expeditions to gain a more detailed insight into the brittle star diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean. The integrative approach to identify the species with DNA barcoding (mtCOI) in combination with morphological studies revealed 24 species. Most species are previously known from the North Atlantic, but sequences for 13 species are newly added to public repositories. Additionally, we successfully applied the MALDI-TOF-MS proteomic analysis for 196 specimens with known COI barcodes. This results in a congruent species delimitation demonstrating the functionality of proteomics for identification of brittle stars. This dataset significantly expands our understanding of the taxonomic and genetic diversity and contributes to publicly available data. It emphasizes the importance of considering habitat heterogeneity for large scale patterns of biodiversity.
Absorption of Ajwain Essential Oil on Chitosan to Enhance Antibacterial Activity of Polyethylene-based Composite Food Packaging Films
Authors: Shiva Kasra , Soleimani Adel , Morshedian Jalil , Farahmandghavi Farhid , Shokrolahi Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this research, we prepared an antibacterial packaging composite film for food packaging. Ajwan essential oil (AEO) was adsorbed onto chitosan (CS) particles, which were loaded in a combination of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polyethylene graft-maleic anhydride (PEma, 4%). Gas chromatography (GC) results confirmed successful AEO adsorption on chitosan particles, with protection from evaporation during the film formation process. Additionally, inhibition zone (IZ) tests demonstrated increased antibacterial activity in the film. Mechanical tests revealed that AEO incorporation decreased tensile strength but increased elongation at break, while CS reduced elongation at break. CS particles in PE-7.5-0 (910 cm³/m²·day·bar) reduced oxygen permeability compared to PE-0-0 (1680 cm³/m²·day·bar), but adding AEO increased oxygen permeability (PE-0-10, 2200 cm³/m²·day·bar). The antibacterial activity results indicated a synergistic inhibitory effect of CS and AEO. The composite film containing 7.5% chitosan and 10% adsorbed AEO (PE-7.5-10) exhibited suitable mechanical properties and improved antibacterial behavior due to AEO adsorption on CS. Consequently, it can be considered a suitable candidate for food packaging.