bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular findings in alopecia areata
Authors: Ergin Can , Acar Mutlu , Kaya Akış Havva , Gönül Müzeyyen , Gürdal Canan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlopecia areata is a T cell mediated disease with which many disorders may be associated. There are few studies reporting ocular findings in alopecia areata. The aim of the study is to assess tear function and ocular surface pathologies in alopecia areata. Thirty‐two patients with alopecia areata and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Ocular surface disease index questionnaire, Schirmer, tear break‐up time, and corneal staining stage tests were done. The data was analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. One‐way variance analysis and Chi‐square tests were used as tests of significance. The patient group had significantly higher ocular surface disease index questionnaire and corneal staining stage test scores and lower tear break‐up time test scores compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Dry eye disease (DED) was diagnosed in 27 (84%) of 32 alopecia areata patients and in only 3 (15%) of 20 controls, and there was a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.01). T cell mediated autoimmunity has a prominent role in the etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata and dry eye disease. We think that inflammatory mechanisms causing alopecia areata may trigger dry eye disease or vice versa. All patients with AA should be referred to an ophthalmologist for the evaluation of DED and other possible eye pathologies.
Oral lichen planus: an update on its pathogenesis
Authors: Nogueira Patrícia A. , Carneiro Sueli , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common T cell‐mediated mucocutaneous disease of unknown etiology. A great number of factors have been suggested as relevant to the etiology of this disease. In this article, the authors assemble recent knowledge about the pathogenesis of OLP, discuss some proposed hypotheses, and compare OLP with oral lichenoid lesions.
Serum levels of alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein and pentraxin 3 in patients with Behçet's disease and relationship with disease activity
Authors: Yazmalar Levent , Batmaz İbrahim , Sula Bilal , Alpaycı Mahmut , Aydın Fatma , Türkçü Fatih , Yıldız Mehmet , Kaplan İbrahim , Bozkurt Mehtap , Dağlı Abdullah Zubeyr , Burkan Yahya Kemal , Sarıyıldız Mustafa Akif 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the relationship between disease activity and levels of alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein and pentraxin 3 in patients with Behçet's disease (BD).MethodsForty‐eight patients with BD and 29 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum pentraxin 3 levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ng/ml), and alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein levels were measured using nephelometry (mg/dl). Disease activity was assessed using the BD Current Activity Form (BDCAF).ResultsSerum alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein levels were significantly higher in patients with BD compared to the control group (P = 0.048). There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of levels of pentraxin 3 (P = 0.697). According to Pearson's analysis, alpha 1‐acid levels are significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein, and skin lesions and arthritis of BDCAF scores. Pentraxin 3 levels did not correlate with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein, or any domains of BDCAF scores.ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrate that serum levels of alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein were significantly higher in patients with BD relative to the control group. Alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein is greatly associated with skin lesions and arthritis in patients with BD. We did not find high serum levels of PTX3 in patients with BD compared to healthy controls, and pentraxin 3 is not associated with disease activity in BD.
Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase depletes tryptophan, activates general control non‐derepressible 2 kinase and down‐regulates key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis in primary human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Pissas Georgios , Antoniadi Georgia , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Stefanidis Ioannis 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is expressed in antigen‐presenting cells and exerts immunosuppressive effects on CD4+ T cells. One mechanism is through the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis. Another prerequisite for T‐cell proliferation and differentiation into effector cells is increased fatty acid (FA) synthesis. The effect of IDO on enzymes involved in FA synthesis was evaluated in primary human cells both in mixed lymphocyte reactions in the presence or not of the IDO inhibitor 1‐dl‐methyl‐tryptophan, and in stimulated CD4+ T cells in the presence or not of the general control non‐derepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase activator tryptophanol (TRP). IDO or TRP inhibited cell proliferation. By assessing the level of GCN2 kinase or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 substrates along with a kynurenine free system we showed that IDO exerts its effect mainly through activation of GCN2 kinase. IDO or TRP down‐regulated ATP‐citrate lyase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1, key enzymes involved in FA synthesis. Also, IDO or TRP altered the expression of enzymes that control the availability of carbon atoms for FA synthesis, such as lactate dehydrogenase‐A, pyruvate dehydrogenase, glutaminase 1 and glutaminase 2, in a way that inhibits FA synthesis. In conclusion, IDO through GCN2 kinase activation inhibits CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and down‐regulates key enzymes that directly or indirectly promote FA synthesis, a prerequisite for CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and differentiation into effector cell lineages.
Observed child and parent toothbrushing behaviors and child oral health
Authors: Collett Brent R. , Huebner Colleen E. , Seminario Ana Lucia , Wallace Erin , Gray Kristen E. , Speltz Matthew L. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundParent‐led toothbrushing effectively reduces early childhood caries. Research on the strategies that parents use to promote this behavior is, however, lacking.AimTo examine associations between parent–child toothbrushing interactions and child oral health using a newly developed measure, the Toothbrushing Observation System (TBOS).DesignOne hundred children ages 18–60 months and their parents were video‐recorded during toothbrushing interactions. Using these recordings, six raters coded parent and child behaviors and the duration of toothbrushing. We examined the reliability of the coding system and associations between observed parent and child behaviors and three indices of oral health: caries, gingival health, and history of dental procedures requiring general anesthesia.ResultsReliabilities were moderate to strong for TBOS child and parent scores. Parent TBOS scores and longer duration of parent‐led toothbrushing were associated with fewer decayed, missing or filled tooth surfaces and lower incidence of gingivitis and procedures requiring general anesthesia. Associations between child TBOS scores and dental outcomes were modest, suggesting the relative importance of parent versus child behaviors at this early age.ConclusionsParents' child behavior management skills and the duration of parent‐led toothbrushing were associated with better child oral health. These findings suggest that parenting skills are an important target for future behavioral oral health interventions.
Can the Child Health Utility 9D measure be useful in oral health research?
Authors: Foster Page Lyndie A. , Beckett Deanna M. , Cameron Claire M. , Thomson W. Murray 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCost‐utility analysis using the quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) as an outcome measure to inform healthcare resource allocation is becoming more common. The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) enables the calculation of utility values in children. Children were involved throughout its development to ensure it is child centred.AimTo determine whether the CHU9D is responsive to the changing components of the dmfs+DMFS index score in children receiving dental care over a 1‐year period.DesignThe study sample comprised children aged 6 to 9 years old who were enrolled in a split‐mouth, placebo‐controlled randomised controlled trial. All children had a comprehensive clinical examination including radiographs and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured using the CHU9D at baseline and 1 year. Descriptive statistics was followed by bivariate analyses before effect sizes were calculated. A negative binomial model was fitted to assess whether the utility score predicted the components of decayed and filled teeth (combined primary and permanent teeth).ResultsEighty (92%) children completed the CHU9D at baseline and follow‐up. They presented with a mean baseline d3mfs+D3MFS of 6.7 (SD = 7.1), which rose to 7.3 (SD = 7.0) at follow‐up. The mean CHU9D score improved from 0.88 to 0.90 from baseline to follow‐up. No statistically significant relationships were found between caries status and the CHU9D score.ConclusionThe CHU9D was found to be unresponsive to the changing components of dental caries experience.
‘Volumetric analysis of hand and rotary root canal instrumentation and filling in primary teeth using Spiral Computed Tomography’ – an invitro study
Authors: Poornima Parameswarappa , Disha Patil , Nagaveni Nandanhosur Basavanthappa , Roopa KirishettaR Basavaraj , Bharath Kashetty Panchakshari , Neena Indavara Edagunji 
Published: July 2015

AimTo compare and evaluate the volumetric analysis of pre‐ and post‐root canal instrumentation in primary teeth using hand and rotary files and also to analyse the volume of root canal filling.Materials and methodsA total of 20 primary teeth were divided into two groups randomly and subjected to spiral computed tomography (SCT) analysis before and after instrumentation. For manual technique (Group 1), teeth were prepared using K files and rotary (Group 2) preparation was performed with Mtwo files. Volumetric enlargement was calculated using Osirix software. Root canals were then filled with rotary lentulospiral using zinc oxide–eugenol cement (ZOE). The filled volume in each canal was measured using SCT and the percentage of obturated volume was calculated. The data were statistically analysed using paired t‐tests.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the volume of root canal enlarged in both the groups. Rotary files showed significant increase in the volume compared to K files. Mtwo instrumented root canals showed good obturated volume compared to manual technique, although voids were common in both the groups.ConclusionRotary root canal instrumentation may be indicated for utilization in primary teeth, for enhancing root canal preparation and good quality of root canal filling.
Dental findings in Brazilian patients with Fanconi syndrome
Authors: Ferreira Shirlene B. P. , de Aquino Sibele N. , Pereira Paula Cristina B. , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundFanconi syndrome (FS) is a generalized dysfunction of renal proximal tubules resulting in impaired reabsorption of amino acids, phosphate, urate, bicarbonate, glucose, and electrolytes. FS can be a primary renal impairment due to genetic origin or secondary to inborn errors of metabolism or systemic diseases. Main clinical findings are polyuria, failure to thrive, rickets/osteomalacia, metabolic acidosis, bone deformities, and, occasionally, nephrocalcinosis. Although dental abnormalities have been reported in patients with tubulopathies, oral manifestations in FS were very rarely described.Case reportTwo patients with FS exhibiting important dental alterations were reported. Oral examination of the first patient revealed teeth with rough surfaces and white opaque areas. Early loss of primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth were also observed. Oral examination of the second patient detected delayed eruption of permanent teeth and X‐ray images revealed loss of contrast between enamel and dentin. In both patients with FS, loss of bone density in maxilla and mandible was observed in X‐ray images.ConclusionsThis study is the first report of dental abnormalities in Brazilian patients with FS. Furthermore, our findings support the general idea that renal tubular disorders might impact on mineralized tissues of the oral cavity.
Pressure production in oral vestibule during gum chewing
Authors: Nishiura M. , Ono T. , Yoshinaka M. , Fujiwara S. , Yoshinaka M. , Maeda Y. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to record oral vestibule pressure (OVP) by the lip and cheek contraction during gum chewing, to examine the characteristics of these pressures and coordination between the OVP and jaw movement. The subjects were eight healthy adult men (mean age of 29·3 ± 3·3 years). An experimental plate that incorporated four pressure sensors on the midline of the upper jaw (Ch. 1), upper right canine (Ch. 2), upper right first molar (Ch. 3) and upper left first molar (Ch. 4) was used for measuring OVP. The right masseter electromyogram (EMG) was recorded simultaneously. Subjects chewed gum on the right side 20 times, and eight consecutive strokes were used for the analysis of the sequential order, maximal magnitude and duration of each OVP. Onset of OVP was observed at the molar on the non‐chewing side (Ch. 4) before chewing side (Ch. 3), and offset was largely simultaneous at each site. On the chewing side (Chs. 1–3), OVP onset during the interval of EMG activity reached to the peak around the end of interval and offset in the duration of EMG activity. The maximal pressure was significantly larger at Chs. 1–3 than at Ch. 4, but no significant differences were observed in duration of pressure among each site. These results suggest that OVP is coordinated with jaw movement during gum chewing, and larger pressure is produced on the chewing side than on the non‐chewing side. Our findings are quantitative indices for the evaluation of lip and cheek function during mastication.
Multi‐species competition experiments with peatland bryophytes
Authors: Udd Daniel , Sundberg Sebastian , Rydin Håkan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractQuestionSpecies interactions are one of the processes determining composition of plant communities. We used the community density series method to study competition in a multi‐species community of bryophytes common in calcareous fens. The succession of mires is driven by Sphagnum species, which are supposedly superior to brown mosses in competition for resources and space, but little is known about the environmental conditions in which brown mosses can prevail when subject to neighbour interactions. How are interactions among peatland bryophytes affected by the environment?LocationField and garden experiments near Uppsala in mid‐eastern Sweden.MethodsTo examine the effects of environment on competition and competitive hierarchies we assembled multi‐species communities of ten bryophyte species from shoot fragments (brown mosses and Sphagnum species) at two densities and grew them on three types of peat (representing poor, intermediate and rich fens) under dry or wet conditions in a garden experiment and along pH and wetness gradients in the field.ResultsA multivariate analysis of the garden experiment showed that community composition was affected by peat type and wetness and their interactions. The brown mosses performed better in wet and rich fens, the Sphagnum species in drier and poorer fens. The Sphagnum species were overall the best competitors.ConclusionsThe experiments demonstrated contrasting responses of brown mosses and Sphagnum to properties of the microhabitat. Sphagnum species were generally less affected by competition than the brown mosses. Sphagnum species were competitive in habitats typically dominated by brown mosses and even responded positively to crowding. This can explain why Sphagnum can invade calcareous fens. In contrast, brown mosses performed poorly in habitats more typical of Sphagnum species.
Establishment and effectiveness of inoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils
Authors: Köhl Luise , Lukasiewicz Catherine E. , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are promoted as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. So far, most researchers have investigated the effects of AMF on plant growth under highly controlled conditions with sterilized soil, soil substrates or soils with low available P or low inoculum potential. However, it is still poorly documented whether inoculated AMF can successfully establish in field soils with native AMF communities and enhance plant growth. We inoculated grassland microcosms planted with a grass–clover mixture (Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium pratense) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare. The microcosms were filled with eight different unsterilized field soils that varied greatly in soil type and chemical characteristics and indigenous AMF communities. We tested whether inoculation with AMF enhanced plant biomass and R. irregulare abundance using a species specific qPCR. Inoculation increased the abundance of R. irregulare in all soils, irrespective of soil P availability, the initial abundance of R. irregulare or the abundance of native AM fungal communities. AMF inoculation had no effect on the grass but significantly enhanced clover yield in five out of eight field soils. The results demonstrate that AMF inoculation can be successful, even when soil P availability is high and native AMF communities are abundant.
Allocation, stress tolerance and carbon transport in plants: how does phloem physiology affect plant ecology?
Authors: Savage Jessica A. , Clearwater Michael J. , Haines Dustin F. , Klein Tamir , Mencuccini Maurizio , Sevanto Sanna , Turgeon Robert , Zhang Cankui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite the crucial role of carbon transport in whole plant physiology and its impact on plant–environment interactions and ecosystem function, relatively little research has tried to examine how phloem physiology impacts plant ecology. In this review, we highlight several areas of active research where inquiry into phloem physiology has increased our understanding of whole plant function and ecological processes. We consider how xylem–phloem interactions impact plant drought tolerance and reproduction, how phloem transport influences carbon allocation in trees and carbon cycling in ecosystems and how phloem function mediates plant relations with insects, pests, microbes and symbiotes. We argue that in spite of challenges that exist in studying phloem physiology, it is critical that we consider the role of this dynamic vascular system when examining the relationship between plants and their biotic and abiotic environment.
The chloroplastic DEVH‐box RNA helicase INCREASED SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT 2 involved in plasmodesmata regulation is required for group II intron splicing
Authors: Carlotto Nicolas , Wirth Sonia , Furman Nicolas , Ferreyra Solari Nazarena , Ariel Federico , Crespi Martin , Kobayashi Ken 
Published: July 2015

AbstractINCREASED SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT 2 (ISE2) encodes a putative DEVH‐box RNA helicase originally identified through a genetic screening for Arabidopsis mutants altered in plasmodesmata (PD) aperture. Depletion of ISE2 also affects chloroplasts activity, decreases accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and alters expression of photosynthetic genes. In this work, we show the chloroplast localization of ISE2 and decipher its role in plastidic RNA processing and, consequently, PD function. Group II intron‐containing RNAs from chloroplasts exhibit defective splicing in ise2 mutants and ISE2‐silenced plants, compromising plastid viability. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation suggests that ISE2 binds in vivo to several splicing‐regulated RNAs. Finally, we show that the chloroplast clpr2 mutant (defective in a subunit of a plastidic Clp protease) also exhibits abnormal PD function during embryogenesis, supporting the idea that chloroplast RNA processing is required to regulate cell–cell communication in plants.
A Unified analysis of existentials and psych‐constructions in Korean as pseudo‐transitives
Authors: Kim Kyumin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper compares the transitivity of existential and psych‐constructions in Korean to canonical transitives and intransitives. It is shown that these constructions are neither transitives nor intransitives. This paper argues that they can be unified as pseudo‐transitives (i.e., somewhere between transitives and intransitives) and provides a structural analysis for pseudo‐transitives using Appl. Pseudo‐transitives provide support for the theory that transitivity is a continuum, and not categorical (Hopper & Thompson 1980).
The Perceived Value of Passive Animal Health Surveillance: The Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Vietnam
Authors: Delabouglise A. , Antoine‐Moussiaux N. , Phan T. D. , Dao D. C. , Nguyen T. T. , Truong B. D. , Nguyen X. N. T. , Vu T. D. , Nguyen K. V. , Le H. T. , Salem G. , Peyre M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryEconomic evaluations are critical for the assessment of the efficiency and sustainability of animal health surveillance systems and the improvement of their efficiency. Methods identifying and quantifying costs and benefits incurred by public and private actors of passive surveillance systems (i.e. actors of veterinary authorities and private actors who may report clinical signs) are needed. This study presents the evaluation of perceived costs and benefits of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) passive surveillance in Vietnam. Surveys based on participatory epidemiology methods were conducted in three provinces in Vietnam to collect data on costs and benefits resulting from the reporting of HPAI suspicions to veterinary authorities. A quantitative tool based on stated preference methods and participatory techniques was developed and applied to assess the non‐monetary costs and benefits. The study showed that poultry farmers are facing several options regarding the management of HPAI suspicions, besides reporting the following: treatment, sale or destruction of animals. The option of reporting was associated with uncertain outcome and transaction costs. Besides, actors anticipated the release of health information to cause a drop of markets prices. This cost was relevant at all levels, including farmers, veterinary authorities and private actors of the upstream sector (feed, chicks and medicine supply). One benefit associated with passive surveillance was the intervention of public services to clean farms and the environment to limit the disease spread. Private actors of the poultry sector valued information on HPAI suspicions (perceived as a non‐monetary benefit) which was mainly obtained from other private actors and media.