bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Differences of Foot-Strike Patterns During Running: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Almeida Matheus O. , Davis Irene S. , Lopes Alexandre D. 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Objectives To determine the biomechanical differences between foot-strike patterns used when running. Background Strike patterns during running have received attention in the recent literature due to their potential mechanical differences and associated injury risks. Methods Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, and SPORTDiscus) were searched through July 2014. Studies (cross-sectional, case-control, prospective, and retrospective) comparing the biomechanical characteristics of foot-strike patterns during running in distance runners at least 18 years of age were included in this review. Two independent reviewers evaluated the risk of bias. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to combine the data from the included studies. Results Sixteen studies were included in the final analysis. In the meta-analyses of kinematic variables, significant differences between forefoot and rearfoot strikers were found for foot and knee angle at initial contact and knee flexion range of motion. A forefoot-strike pattern resulted in a plantar-flexed ankle position and a more flexed knee position, compared to a dorsiflexed ankle position and a more extended knee position for the rearfoot strikers, at initial contact with the ground. In the comparison of rearfoot and midfoot strikers, midfoot strikers demonstrated greater ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and decreased knee flexion range of motion compared to rearfoot strikers. For kinetic variables, the meta-analysis revealed that rearfoot strikers had higher vertical loading rates compared to forefoot strikers. Conclusion There are differences in kinematic and kinetic characteristics between foot-strike patterns when running. Clinicians should be aware of these characteristics to help in the management of running injuries and advice on training. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):738–755. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6019
Calculations of 3D full-scale VVER fuel assembly and core models using MCU and BIPR-7A codes
Authors: Aleshin S. S. , Bikeev A. S. , Bolshagin S. N. , Kalugin M. A. , Kosourov E. K. , Pavlovichev A. M. , Pryanichnikov A. V. , Sukhino-Khomenko E. A. , Shcherenko Anna I. , Shcherenko Anastasia I. , Shkarovskiy D. A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two types of calculations were made to compare BIPR-7A and MCU results for 3D full-scale models. First EPS (emergency protection system) efficiency and in-core power distributions were analyzed for an equilibrium fuel load of VVER-1000 assuming its operation within an 18-month cycle. Computations were performed without feedbacks and with fuel burnup distributed over the core. After 3D infinite lattices of full-scale VVER-1000 fuel assemblies (FA's) with uranium fuel 4.4 % enrichment and uranium-erbium fuel 4.4 % enrichment and Er2O3 1 % wt were considered. Computations were performed with feedbacks and fuel burnup at the constant power level. For different time moments effective multiplication factor and power distribution were obtained. EPS efficiency and reactivity effects at chosen time moments were analyzed.
Prospects of subcritical molten salt reactor for minor actinides incineration in closed fuel cycle
Authors: Alekseev P. N. , Balanin A. L. , Blandinsky V. Yu. , Dudnikov A. A. , Fomichenko P. A. , Nevinitsa V. A. , Frolov A. A. , Lubina A. S. , Sedov A. A. , Subbotin A. S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A subcritical molten salt reactor is proposed for minor actinides (separated from spent fuel VVER-1000 light water reactor) incineration and for 233U conversion from 232Th. Here the subcritical molten salt reactor with fuel composition of heavy nuclide fluorides in molten LiF–NaF–KF salt and with external neutron source, based on 1 GeV proton accelerator and molten salt cooled tungsten target is considered. The paper presents the results of parametrical analysis of equilibrium nuclide composition of molten salt reactor with minor actinides feed in dependence of core dimensions, average neutron flux and external neutron source intensity. Reactor design is defined; requirements to external neutron source are posed; heavy nuclides equilibrium and fuel cycle main parameters are calculated.
Neutron-kinetic and thermo-hydraulic uncertainties in the study of Kalinin-3 benchmark
Authors: Pasichnyk I. , Zwermann W. , Velkov K. , Nikonov S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The effects of nuclear data covariance on important reactor parameters are investigated. The analyses are performed on the base of the OECD/NEA coolant transient Benchmark (K-3) on measured data at Kalinin-3 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). For this purpose the GRS uncertainty and sensitivity software package XSUSA is applied to propagate uncertainties in nuclear data libraries to the full core coupled transient calculations. Moreover, based on the previous thermo-hydraulic studies a set of most important thermo-hydraulic parameters is chosen and added to the uncertain input vector. A statistically representative set of coupled ATHLET-PARCS code steady state calculations is analyzed and both integral and local output quantities are compared with the measurements available in the benchmark. The work is a step forward in establishing a “best-estimate calculations in combination with performing uncertainty analysis” methodology for coupled full core calculations.
Physical health and health behavior
Authors: Adler Nancy , Bachrach Christine , Prather Aric A. 
Published: August 2015

This paper examines the potential contributions of a new longitudinal household survey that assesses physical health and the social and behavioral factors that impinge on it. It considers how such a survey could inform efforts to reduce health disparities in the United States and improve population health. Health is multiply determined by the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, behavior, social conditions and environmental exposures over the life course. While the mapping of the human genome focused attention on the biological underpinnings of disease, social and behavioral determinants play an equally essential role. Our failure as a nation to adequately address these determinants may help to explain why the US spends more per capita on health care than do other countries, but compared to the other nations, our population is less healthy and has a shorter life expectancy. This paper describes why achieving better health for the population requires data on individual, family and community conditions and their link to disease risk, onset and progression. It reviews limitations of current surveys in capturing this information and argues for a multi-level life course perspective spanning: macro-environmental exposures (e.g., environmental contaminants, institutional structures), meso-environmental factors (e.g., family and social ties, neighborhood and work conditions), psychological states and traits (e.g., anxiety, mastery, stress), health-related behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise), and physiological processes and risk (e.g., cortisol, HbA1c, telomeres). We consider challenges to data collection and sample considerations such as oversampling of high SES blacks and sampling based on place as well as person. We note that technological advances that may increasingly enable direct collection of cognitive and emotional states, behavior, biology, and placement in space. Finally, we acknowledge that a single survey cannot address all the relevant questions, point to opportunities to leverage other studies, and identify key elements for a new survey.
The State of MathML in K-12 Educational Publishing
Authors: Cuellar Autumn , Kaplansky Jean 
Published: August 2015

Educational publishers are moving to modern, single-source XML production workflows and are embracing MathML as part of the process. The development of single-source publishing workflows is part of a much larger digital evolution aimed at enabling publishers to make content available both as traditional print products and digital content as ebooks.
Furthermore, K-12 publishers are becoming more competitive by including supplemental materials available through digital-only learning management systems that implement a combination of ebook content, teacher lecture material, assignments, assessments, and automatically graded homework assignments.
However, educational publishers face challenges in producing math content through modern single-source multiple output publishing workflows including:

Support for constructs unique to K-12, such as geometry and visual, mathematical representations (e.g., diagrams, charts).

Government regulated accessibility requirements and lack of multiple assistive technology tool support for students (e.g., support for print content disabilities that are not necessarily a matter of physical disability).

Inconsistent or non-existent MathML support across the major web browser rendering engines that are the basis of popular desktop and mobile web browsers.

Competing educational publisher business requirements and management priorities.

Assessment and adaptive learning limitations due to inconsistent or non-existent MathML support within browsers.

The purpose of this article is to review various publishing challenges specific to K-12 educational content publishers. A further goal of the article is to provide insight into cooperative solutions mitigating current K-12 MathML publishing challenges. The assertions and recommendations in this article require the fully engaged participation of K-12 educational publishing production management and staff, XML-based markup subject matter experts, and the web browser rendering engine development community.
Neighborhood Attributes Associated With the Social Environment
Authors: Child Stephanie T. , Schoffman Danielle E. , Kaczynski Andrew T. , Forthofer Melinda , Wilcox Sara , Baruth Meghan 
Published: August 2015

Purpose. To examine the association between specific attributes of neighborhood environments and four social environment measures. Design. Data were collected as part of a baseline survey among participants enrolling in a walking intervention. Setting. Participants were recruited from a metropolitan area in a Southeastern state. Subjects. Participants (n = 294) were predominantly African-American (67%) and female (86%), with some college education (79%) and a mean age of 49. Measures. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environment Module assessed perceptions about neighborhood attributes. The social environment was assessed using three distinct scales: social cohesion, social interactions with neighbors, and social support for physical activity from family and friends. Analysis. Multiple regression models examined associations between neighborhood attributes and social environment measures, adjusting for demographic variables. Results. Having walkable destinations and having access to amenities and transit stops were associated with increased interactions with neighbors (b = 1.32, 1.04, and 1.68, respectively, p < .05). Attributes related to structural support for physical activity (sidewalks, street connectivity, recreation facilities) were associated with increased interactions with neighbors (b = 1.47, 1.34, and 1.13, respectively, p < .05). Bicycling facilities that were maintained (i.e., bike lanes, racks) were associated with social support for physical activity from family and friends (b = .43 and .30, respectively, p < .05). Conclusion. The study highlights key attributes of neighborhood environments that may be associated with the social context of such settings.
Early Childhood Disadvantage for Sons of Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Lawrence Elizabeth , Mollborn Stefanie , Riosmena Fernando 
Published: August 2015

Purpose. To distinguish the origins of higher weight status and determine when and why intra- and interracial/ethnic disparities emerge. Design. The study used a longitudinal analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Setting. The study was conducted in the United States. Subjects. Participants were children of non-Hispanic white mothers and children of U.S.- and foreign-born mothers of Mexican origin from a nationally representative sample of children born in the year 2001 (N ≈ 3700). Measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts determined sex- and age-specific weight status. Covariates were obtained from birth certificate records and parent interviews. Analysis. Frequencies, growth curve trajectories, and ordinary least squares regression examined body mass index (BMI) and obesity across survey waves. Results. Compared to their peers with non-Hispanic white mothers, children of Mexican-heritage mothers have higher average BMI and greater rates of obesity. The BMI of boys with Mexican-born mothers is higher relative to whites and children of U.S.-born Mexican mothers across early childhood, increasing sharply at about age 4.5 years. This divergence is driven by increases in the BMI of boys, as girls do not show the same growth. A number of measures, including descriptors of children's nutritional intake, lifestyle factors, and acculturation, do not explain the increased obesity rates among sons of Mexican mothers. Conclusion. Despite favorable perinatal health and weight, Mexican-American sons of foreign-born mothers show disadvantages in BMI that emerge close to the start of kindergarten.
Healthful Nutrition of Foods in Navajo Nation Stores
Authors: Kumar Gayathri , Jim-Martin Sonlatsa , Piltch Emily , Onufrak Stephen , McNeil Carrie , Adams Laura , Williams Nancy , Blanck Heidi M. , Curley Larry 
Published: August 2015

Purpose. Low availability and affordability of healthier foods in food stores on the Navajo Nation (NN) may be a community-level risk factor for the high prevalence of obesity among the Navajo people. This study assessed the availability and pricing of foods and beverages in supermarkets and convenience stores throughout the NN. Design. Descriptive study design using the Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey in Stores audit tool. Setting. Supermarkets (n = 13) and convenience stores (n = 50) on NN and border-town supermarkets (n = 9). Subjects. Not applicable. Measures. Availability and pricing of healthy and less-healthy foods. Analysis. Descriptive and χ2 analyses. Results. Navajo convenience stores offered fewer healthier food options compared to Navajo supermarkets. In Navajo convenience stores, 100% whole grain products, reduced-fat cheese, lean meats, reduced-fat chips, and fat-free or light hot dogs were available in fewer stores than their corresponding less-healthy versions (all with p < .05). In both Navajo supermarkets and convenience stores, 100% whole wheat bread, lean cold cuts, and reduced-fat cheese were all more expensive per unit than their corresponding less-healthy versions (all with p < .05). Conclusions. According to this study, healthier foods are not as readily available in Navajo convenience stores as they are in Navajo supermarkets. Improving access to and affordability of healthier foods in reservation stores of all sizes may support healthy eating among Navajo residents.
Creating a Common Data Model for Comparative Effectiveness with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership
Authors: Resnic F.S. , Robbins S.L. , Denton J. , Nookala L. , Meeker D. , Ohno-Machado L. , Matheny M.E. , FitzHenry F. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackground: Adoption of a common data model across health systems is a key infrastructure requirement to allow large scale distributed comparative effectiveness analyses. There are a growing number of common data models (CDM), such as Mini-Sentinel, and the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDMs.Objective: In this case study, we describe the challenges and opportunities of a study specific use of the OMOP CDM by two health systems and describe three comparative effectiveness use cases developed from the CDM.Methods: The project transformed two health system databases (using crosswalks provided) into the OMOP CDM. Cohorts were developed from the transformed CDMs for three comparative effectiveness use case examples. Administrative/billing, demographic, order history, medication, and laboratory were included in the CDM transformation and cohort development rules.Results: Record counts per person month are presented for the eligible cohorts, highlighting differences between the civilian and federal datasets, e.g. the federal data set had more outpatient visits per person month (6.44 vs. 2.05 per person month). The count of medications per person month reflected the fact that one system‘s medications were extracted from orders while the other system had pharmacy fills and medication administration records. The federal system also had a higher prevalence of the conditions in all three use cases. Both systems required manual coding of some types of data to convert to the CDM.Conclusion: The data transformation to the CDM was time consuming and resources required were substantial, beyond requirements for collecting native source data. The need to manually code subsets of data limited the conversion. However, once the native data was converted to the CDM, both systems were then able to use the same queries to identify cohorts. Thus, the CDM minimized the effort to develop cohorts and analyze the results across the sites.FitzHenry F, Resnic FS, Robbins SL, Denton J, Nookala L, Meeker D, Ohno-Machado L, Matheny ME. A Case Report on Creating a Common Data Model for Comparative Effectiveness with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6: 536–547http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-12-CR-0121
De bijzondere conflictregel van art. 24 Europese Erfrechtverordening
Authors: Stollenwerck A.H.N. 
Published: August 2015

De bijzondere conflictregel van art. 24 Europese Erfrechtverordening
Voor de toelaatbaarheid en materiële geldigheid van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen geeft art. 24 ErfVo een aparte van de algemene verwijzingsregel van art. 21 ErfVo afwijkende verwijzingsregel. Die bijzondere collisieregel geldt op grond van art. 25 ErfVo ook voor de in het Nederlandse erfrecht niet voorkomende erfovereenkomst. Art. 26 van de verordening leert wat onder de materiële geldigheid van een uiterste wilsbeschikking moet worden verstaan.
Insulin-Producing Endocrine Cells Differentiated In Vitro From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Function in Macroencapsulation Devices In Vivo
Authors: Agulnick Alan D. , Ambruzs Dana M. , Moorman Mark A. , Bhoumik Anindita , Cesario Rosemary M. , Payne Janice K. , Kelly Jonathan R. , Haakmeester Carl , Srijemac Robert , Wilson Alistair Z. , Kerr Justin , Frazier Mauro A. , Kroon Evert J. , D'Amour Kevin A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

The PEC-01 cell population, differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), contains pancreatic progenitors (PPs) that, when loaded into macroencapsulation devices (to produce the VC-01 candidate product) and transplanted into mice, can mature into glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells and other pancreatic endocrine cells involved in glucose metabolism. We modified the protocol for making PEC-01 cells such that 73%–80% of the cell population consisted of PDX1-positive (PDX1+) and NKX6.1+ PPs. The PPs were further differentiated to islet-like cells (ICs) that reproducibly contained 73%–89% endocrine cells, of which approximately 40%–50% expressed insulin. A large fraction of these insulin-positive cells were single hormone-positive and expressed the transcription factors PDX1 and NKX6.1. To preclude a significant contribution of progenitors to the in vivo function of ICs, we used a simple enrichment process to remove remaining PPs, yielding aggregates that contained 93%–98% endocrine cells and 1%–3% progenitors. Enriched ICs, when encapsulated and implanted into mice, functioned similarly to the VC-01 candidate product, demonstrating conclusively that in vitro-produced hESC-derived insulin-producing cells can mature and function in vivo in devices. A scaled version of our suspension culture was used, and the endocrine aggregates could be cryopreserved and retain functionality. Although ICs expressed multiple important β cell genes, the cells contained relatively low levels of several maturity-associated markers. Correlating with this, the time to function of ICs was similar to PEC-01 cells, indicating that ICs required cell-autonomous maturation after delivery in vivo, which would occur concurrently with graft integration into the host.

Significance
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects approximately 1.25 million people in the U.S. alone and is deadly if not managed with insulin injections. This paper describes the production of insulin-producing cells in vitro and a new protocol for producing the cells, representing another potential cell source for a diabetes cell therapy. These cells can be loaded into a protective device that is implanted under the skin. The device is designed to protect the cells from immune rejection by the implant recipient. The implant can engraft and respond to glucose by secreting insulin, thus potentially replacing the β cells lost in patients with T1D.
Developing a Kit and Video to Standardize Changes of Left Ventricular Assist Device Dressings
Authors: Iseler Jackeline , Hadzic Karen G. 
Published: August 2015

Context— Driveline infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Our center developed 2 LVAD dressing change kits and instructional videos for the purpose of standardizing a protocol for the dressing changes. Objective— To develop 2 different types of driveline dressing kits and videos to help in standardizing the education of our patients, caregivers, and staff. Design— A survey to evaluate patient, caregiver, and staff satisfaction and ease of use relating to the newly implemented dressing kits and videos. A comparison of driveline infection rates before and after the quality improvement project also was conducted. Patients/Participants, Settings— LVAD patients, their caregivers, and staff from Spectrum Health in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Results— Surveys were sent to 80 patient/caregiver pairs and 330 staff members. A total of 5 patients, 10 caregivers, and 48 staff members completed the surveys. All participants agreed that patients' driveline sites looked about the same, if not better than, they did before the kits were made available. They also overwhelmingly agreed that the kits were convenient (98%) and easy to use (99%). Patients and their caregivers gave favorable responses to the videos. The project experienced a slight increase in driveline infection rates, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion— Standardizing and producing a driveline kit facilitates the delivery of care in an LVAD program.