bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpredictable chronic stress decreases inhibitory avoidance learning in Tuebingen Long-Fin zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton): stronger effects in the resting phase than in the active phase
Authors: Manuel Remy , Gorissen Marnix , Zethof Jan , Ebbesson Lars O.E. , van de Vis Hans , Flik Gert , van den Bos Ruud 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton) are increasingly used as model to study effects of chronic stress on brain and behaviour. In rodents unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) has a stronger effect on physiology and behaviour during the active phase than the resting phase. Here, we applied UCS during day-time (active phase) for 7 and 14 days or during the night-time (resting phase) for 7 nights in an in-house reared Tuebingen Long-Fin (TLF) zebrafish strain. Following UCS, inhibitory avoidance learning was assessed using a 3-day paradigm where fish learn to avoid swimming from a white to a black compartment where they will receive a 3V shock. Latencies of entering the black compartment were recorded before training (day 1; first shock) and after training on day 2 (second shock) and day 3 (no shock, tissue sampling). Fish were sacrificed to quantify whole-body cortisol content and expression levels of genes related to stress, fear and anxiety in the telencephalon. Following 14 days UCS during the day, inhibitory avoidance learning decreased (lower latencies on day 2 and 3); minor effects were found following 7 days UCS. Following 7 nights UCS inhibitory avoidance learning decreased (lower latency on day 3). Whole-body cortisol levels showed a steady increase compared to controls (100%) from 7 days UCS (139%), 14 days UCS (174%l) to 7 nights UCS (231%), suggestive of an increasing stress load. Only in the 7 nights UCS group expression levels of corticoid receptor genes (mr, gr-alpha, gr-beta) and of bdnf were increased. These changes are discussed as adaptive mechanisms to maintain neuronal integrity and prevent overload, and indicative of a state of high stress load. Overall, our data suggest that stressors during the resting phase have a stronger impact than during the active phase. Our data warrant further studies on the effect of UCS on stress-axis related genes, especially gr-beta; in mammals this receptor has been implicated in glucocorticoid resistance and depression.
The amphibious fishKryptolebias marmoratususes alternate strategies to maintain oxygen delivery during aquatic hypoxia and air exposure
Authors: Turko Andy J. , Robertson Cayleih E. , Bianchini Kristin , Freeman Megan , Wright Patricia A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDespite the abundance of oxygen in atmospheric air relative to water, the initial loss of respiratory surface area and accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood of amphibious fishes during emersion may result in hypoxemia. Given that the ability to respond to low oxygen conditions predates the vertebrate invasion of land, we hypothesized that amphibious fishes maintain O2 uptake and transport while emersed by mounting a co-opted hypoxia response. We acclimated the amphibious fish Kryptolebias marmoratus, which are able to remain active for weeks in both air and water, for 7d to normoxic brackish water (15‰, ~21 kPa O2; control), aquatic hypoxia (~3.6 kPa), normoxic air (~21 kPa), or aerial hypoxia (~13.6 kPa). Angiogenesis in the skin and bucco-opercular chamber was pronounced in air- versus water-acclimated fish, but not in response to hypoxia. Aquatic hypoxia increased blood O2 carrying capacity via a large (40%) increase in red blood cell density and a small increase in hemoglobin-O2 affinity (P50 decreased 11%). In contrast, air exposure increased hemoglobin-O2 affinity (decreased P50) by 25% without affecting the number of red blood cells. Acclimation to aerial hypoxia both increased O2 carrying capacity and decreased hemoglobin-O2 affinity. These results suggest that O2 transport is regulated both by O2 availability and also independently by air exposure. The ability of the hematological system to respond to air exposure independently of O2 availability may allow extant amphibious fishes and also primitive tetrapods to cope with the complex challenges of aerial respiration during the invasion of land.
Methods forIn SituSIMS Microanalysis of Boron and its Isotopes in Palagonite
Authors: Pauly Bruce D. , Williams Lynda B. , Hervig Richard L. , Schiffman Peter , Zierenberg Robert A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBoron has been shown to be a useful trace element in clay-mineralization reactions, raising the possibility that B studies may provide a means to investigate environmental controls on palagonitization. The objective of the present study was to address calibration, matrix effects, and B exchangeability issues such that meaningful secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) microanalysis of B in thin sections of palagonite will be feasible. Silver Hill illite (IMt-1) was found to be a suitable calibration reference material, based on compositional similarity, relatively high B content, and ease of mounting on thin-section samples for SIMS microanalysis. Matrix effects of borated sideromelane and illite were compared and found to be similar, confirming previous studies which showed no matrix effects for B among minerals. Boron substitutes for Si in tetrahedral sites and also can be adsorbed in exchangeable sites of 2:1 clay minerals. Similarly, B can be found in tetrahedral and exchangeable sites within palagonite, which consists of both layered and amorphous volumes. In order to measure tetrahedral B content and isotopic ratio in the palagonite, exchangeable B was removed by soaking sample thin sections in a 1 M NH4Cl solution until exchangeable cation concentrations were constant. Treated samples showed decreases in B content and isotopic ratio with exchange. Extraction of exchangeable B permits the direct measurement of tetrahedral B content and isotopic ratio. The exchange technique devised and tested here should have broad applicability to thin-section microanalysis of B in clay and clay-like materials where cation exchange can be used for surface-analytical techniques. The present study represents an initial attempt to address samplepreparation, calibration, and potential matrix-effects problems for analyses by SIMS. Further refinements may improve the accuracy of the measurements, but the results presented here indicate that meaningful measurements are possible.
Two felling methods in final cutting of shelterwood, single-grip harvester productivity and damage to the regeneration
Authors: Glöde Dan , Sikström Ulf 
Published: September 2014

In order to find an efficient and careful way of final-cutting shelterwoods, two felling methods, in a single-grip harvester system, were compared with respect to productivity and damage caused to the regeneration. The shelterwood (140â165 m3/ha) consisted of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the natural regeneration (9530â11Â 780 seedlings/ha) mostly of Norway spruce. Treatments were: (i) conventional felling on both sides of the harvester striproad, preferably in blanks of the regeneration; (ii) felling of the trees top-end first into the striproad using a method named âtossing the caberâ. Both treatments included forwarding after felling. Conventional felling had a non-significantly higher productivity (27.4 m3/E15âh) and lower cost (25.9 SEK/m3) than tossing the caber (26.1 m3/E15âh and 27.2 SEK/m3). However, tossing the caber was significantly more efficient in the felling and processing of pine trees compared with conventional felling. The mean proportions of the disappeared and damaged seedlings were approximately 40% after both treatments. The logging-related damage to the regeneration decreased with increased distance to the striproad in the tossing the caber treatment but not in conventional felling. The conclusions were that there were no differences between the treatments regarding productivity, cost and total damage to the regeneration in mixed conifer shelterwoods but that tossing the caber could be a more productive method than conventional felling in pine dominated stands. Tossing the caber could also be beneficial at a regeneration height of 2â3 m since at this height the damage to the regeneration seems less than at conventional felling.
Análisis del Desempeño Estudiantil en las Pruebas de Estado para Educación Media en Colombia mediante Modelos Jerárquicos Lineales
Authors: Orjuela Jaime 
Published: September 2014

<p>En este artículo se describe la utilización de los Modelos Jerárquicos Lineales para hallar los determinantes individuales de desempeño en las pruebas de estado para educación media en Colombia, con los datos del año 2009, que son los últimos disponibles públicamente y provistos por el Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior (ICFES).</p><p>Inicialmente se hace la presentación detallada de los datos así como de las exclusiones, consideraciones y justificación del subconjunto de datos finalmente procesados. Posteriormente se expone brevemente el marco teórico de los Modelos Jerárquicos Lineales, así como su aplicación concreta en la investigación de los determinantes de desempeño en las pruebas de estado. El análisis de los resultados permite concluir que existe una relación directa entre algunas características no académicas del estudiante y las competencias evaluadas en la prueba de estado al finalizar su formación media y que dichas características (sociales y económicas) difieren notoriamente entre colegios públicos y privados, y entre jornadas diurnas ordinarias y otras jornadas.</p>
Early indicators of severity and construction of a risk model for prognosis based upon laboratory parameters in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Du Hong , Li Jing , Yu Hai-Tao , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ye , Wang Jun-Ning , Wang Ping-Zhong , Bai Xue-Fan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the role of laboratory parameters as early indicators of severity and as effective predictors of prognosis in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).A total of 356 patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into mild, moderate, severe and critical types according to the clinical classification of HFRS. The levels of 12 routinely tested laboratory parameters during the acute stage among the four types were compared. The predictive values of the laboratory parameters for prognosis were analyzed, and a risk model for prognosis based upon the parameters was constructed.The levels of white blood counts (WBC), platelets (PLT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) demonstrated significant differences among the four types (p<0.001); WBC, AST, PT and fibrinogen (Fib) were major independent risk factors for death; WBC, AST, PT and Fib used in combination were better for predicting prognosis than single parameters used alone (p<0.001).Some routinely tested laboratory parameters can be beneficial as early indicators of severity of HFRS. Using a combination of WBC, AST, PT and Fib to predict the outcome in patients with HFRS exhibited acceptable diagnostic capability.
Adopting European Network for Health Technology Assessments (EunetHTA) core model for diagnostic technologies for improving the accuracy and appropriateness of blood gas analyzers’ assessment
Authors: Franchin Tiziana , Faggiano Francesco , Plebani Mario , Muraca Maurizio , De Vivo Liliana , Derrico Pietro , Ritrovato Matteo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPoint-of-care testing (POCT) is a successful methodology for meeting clinical expectations of rapid and accurate results. Scientific literature has moreover highlighted and confirmed the necessity of individuating the best technological solution, in accordance with clinical requirements and contextualized to the whole health organization, where it will be implemented. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) can assist in reaching an appropriate and contextualized decision on a health technology. The aim of this study is to adapt a HTA core model for improving the evaluation of a POCT technology: blood gas analyzers.The European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) core model for diagnostic technologies was applied for evaluating globally marketed blood gas analyzers. Evaluation elements were defined according to available literature and validated using the Delphi method.A HTA model of 71 issues, subdivided into 26 topics and 10 domains, was obtained by interviewing 11 healthcare experts over two rounds of Delphi questionnaires. Ten context parameters were identified in order to define the initial scenario from which the technology assessment was to begin.The model presented offers a systematic and objective structure for the evaluation of blood gas analyzers, which may play a guidance role for healthcare operators approaching the evaluation of such technologies thus improving, in a contextualized fashion, the appropriateness of purchasing.
Urinary thiosulfate as failed prostate cancer biomarker – an exemplary multicenter re-evaluation study
Authors: Stephan Carsten , Wilkosz Jacek , Różański Waldemar , Ecke Thorsten H. , Lein Michael , Bryś Magdalena , Krześlak Anna , Chwatko Grażyna , Jung Klaus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn 2013, thiosulfate in urine has been proposed as promising prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker. However, a missing comparison with other proven PCa markers suggested a re-evaluation study. Therefore, together with the authors from the initial study, the diagnostic accuracy of thiosulfate was compared with that of urinary prostate cancer associated 3 (PCA3), serum prostate health index (Phi), and percent free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA). Thiosulfate was further measured in a multicenter approach to exclude center-related biases.Thiosulfate, calculated as ratio of thiosulfate to urinary creatinine (TS/Crea ratio), was measured in two cohorts in a total of 269 patients. In the retrospective study (n=160) PCA3, Phi, PSA, and %fPSA were compared with the TS/Crea ratio between patients with and without PCa according to the prostate needle biopsy results. The second prospective cohort included 109 patients from four centers.The median TS/Crea ratio was not statistically different between the patients with and without PCa. The receiver-operating characteristics showed that the TS/Crea ratio was unable to discriminate between patients with and without PCa in contrast to %fPSA, Phi, and PCA3. In all four centers, the low median TS/Crea ratios (<1 mmol/mol) in both patient cohorts were confirmed and thiosulfate was again not able to distinguish between them (p-values, 0.13–0.90).This study could not confirm the previously observed high median TS/Crea ratio in PCa patients in comparison to non-PCa patients. Thiosulfate subsequently failed as PCa biomarker while PCA3 and Phi showed the expected diagnostic improvement.
No effect of CYP3A4 intron 6 C>T polymorphism (CYP3A4*22) on lipid-lowering response to statins in Greek patients with primary hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ragia Georgia , Kolovou Vana , Tavridou Anna , Elens Laure , Tselepis Alexandros D. , Elisaf Moses , Van Schaik Ron H.N. , Kolovou Genovefa , Manolopoulos Vangelis G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background: Interindividual variability exists in statin lipid-lowering response, partially attributed to genetic factors. CYP3A4 intron 6 C>T polymorphism (CYP3A4*22 allele, rs35599367) has been recently identified and was associated with reduced CYP3A4 expression. We analyzed the association of CYP3A4*22 allele with response to atorvastatin and simvastatin.

Methods: A total of 416 statin-treated (207 atorvastatin- and 209 simvastatin-treated) adults with primary hypercholesterolemia were included in the study. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at baseline and on 6 months of treatment. CYP3A4*22 allele was analyzed with TaqMan assay.

Results: In the entire cohort population, 41 individuals carried CYP3A4*22 allele (18 in atorvastatin and 23 in simvastatin treatment). CYP3A4*22 allele was not associated with lipid-lowering response to atorvastatin or simvastatin. No sex-gene or statin dose-gene interaction was observed in either statin-treated patient cohort.

Conclusions: The effect of CYP3A4*22 allele on lipid-lowering response to CYP3A metabolized statins, if present, can potentially be masked by relevant confounding or uncontrolled factors; therefore, further population-driven studies are required.
Diagnosis of the Infection of Sunflower by Orobanche cumana Using Multicolour Fluorescence imaging
Authors: Pérez-Bueno María Luisa , Barón Matilde , García-Carneros Ana Belén , Molinero-Ruiz Leire 
Published: September 2014

Abstractis an holoparasite and thus totally dependent on sunflower for fixed carbon. Initial stages of the infection occur in the first weeks after sowing and are critical for the establishment of a continuum between the host and the parasite vascular system. From that moment the parasite obtains its supply of water, mineral nutrients, and assimilates from the host plant. Alterations of plant metabolism can be detected using remote sensing techniques for detection of fluorescence emitted by plants. One of these indirect techniques is multicolour fluorescence imaging. In this work, we assessed the early infection of sunflower by
Post-Resuscitation Care for Neonates Receiving Positive Pressure Ventilation at Birth
Authors: Akinloye Olusegun , O’Connell Colleen , Allen Alexander C. , El-Naggar Walid 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate if postresuscitation care (PRC) is indicated for all infants ≥35 weeks’ gestation who receive positive pressure ventilation (PPV) at birth, explore the aspects of this care and the factors most predictive of it.

METHODS:
Our hospital admits any infant who requires PPV at birth to special (intermediate/intensive) neonatal care unit (SNCU) for observation for at least 6 hours. All infants ≥35 weeks’ gestation born between 1994 and 2013, who received PPV at birth, were reviewed. We examined perinatal factors that could predict the need for PRC after short (&lt;1 minute) and prolonged (≥1 minute) PPV, admission course, neonatal morbidities, and the aspects of care given.

RESULTS:
Among 87 464 infants born, 3658 (4.2%) had PPV at birth with 3305 (90%) admitted for PRC. Of those, 1558 (42.6%) were in the short PPV group and 2100 (57.4%) in the prolonged PPV group. Approximately 59% of infants who received short PPV stayed in the SNCU for ≥1 day. Infants who received prolonged PPV were more likely to have morbidities and require special neonatal care. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the risk factors of placental abruption, assisted delivery, small-for-dates, gestational age &lt;37 weeks, low 5-minute Apgar score, and need for intubation at birth to be independent predictors for SNCU stay ≥1 day and need for assisted ventilation, central lines, and parenteral nutrition.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data support the need for PRC even for infants receiving short PPV at birth.
Functional Status in Children With ADHD at Age 6–8: A Controlled Community Study
Authors: Efron Daryl , Sciberras Emma , Anderson Vicki , Hazell Philip , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Jongeling Brad , Schilpzand Elizabeth J. , Bisset Matthew , Nicholson Jan M. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the functional status (mental health, academic performance, peer problems) of a community-based sample of children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and non-ADHD controls, and to investigate gender and subtype differences.

METHODS:
Children aged 6 to 8 years were recruited through 43 Melbourne schools, using a 2-stage screening (parent and teacher Conners 3 ADHD index) and case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV; [DISC-IV]) procedure. Outcome measures were mental health disorders (DISC-IV), academic performance (Wide Range Achievement Test 4), and peer problems (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire). Unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression were used to compare ADHD and non-ADHD controls.

RESULTS:
A total of 179 children who have ADHD and 212 non-ADHD controls were recruited. Compared with controls, children who had ADHD had higher odds of externalizing (odds ratio [OR], 11.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6–21.6; P &lt; .001) and internalizing (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2–7.2; P = .02) disorders; poorer reading (effect size, −0.66) and mathematics (effect size, −0.69) performance; and more peer problems (P &lt; .001). Boys and girls who had ADHD were equally impaired. Only 17% of children in our ADHD group had been previously diagnosed. Previous diagnosis was higher in the Combined group and for boys.

CONCLUSIONS:
In their second year of school, children who had ADHD performed worse than controls across all functional domains, yet only a minority had been formally diagnosed with ADHD. Findings highlight the need for earlier diagnosis and intervention.
Out-of-Home Placement for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities
Authors: Friedman Sandra L. , Kalichman Miriam A. ,   COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, Norwood Kenneth W. , Adams Richard C. , Brei Timothy , Burke Robert T. , Davis Beth Ellen , Houtrow Amy J. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Levy Susan E. , Turchi Renee M. , Wiley Susan E. , Murphy Nancy A. 
Published: September 2014

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed February 2019 and November 2024.
The vast majority of children and youth with chronic and complex health conditions who also have intellectual and developmental disabilities are cared for in their homes. Social, legal, policy, and medical changes through the years have allowed for an increase in needed support within the community. However, there continues to be a relatively small group of children who live in various types of congregate care settings. This clinical report describes these settings and the care and services that are provided in them. The report also discusses reasons families choose out-of-home placement for their children, barriers to placement, and potential effects of this decision on family members. We examine the pediatrician’s role in caring for children with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities and complex medical problems in the context of responding to parental inquiries about out-of-home placement and understanding factors affecting these types of decisions. Common medical problems and care issues for children residing outside the family home are reviewed. Variations in state and federal regulations, challenges in understanding local systems, and access to services are also discussed.