bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen engagement in climate adaptation surveyed: Identifying challenges in education and capacity building
Authors: Skarzauskiene Aelita , Mačiulienė Monika , Kovaitė Kristina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe accelerating impacts of climate change present significant challenges to sustainable urban development, testing the resilience of current governance frameworks and stakeholder responsibilities. In alignment with the EU's Green Deal, robust adaptation strategies and proactive climate risk anticipation are essential. Traditional discussions emphasize overcoming technological, financial and institutional barriers; however, social and individual factors also significantly hinder adaptation. This study explores the pivotal role of citizen engagement in climate risk management and adaptation, focusing on the Lithuanian context and comparing the results with a survey in Sweden. The research evaluates both external influences, such as experiences with climate‐related hazards and adaptation actions, and internal factors, including beliefs, values and individual adaptive capacity. Key findings reveal that adaptation behaviour in Lithuania and in Sweden is deeply influenced by past experiences with extreme weather events and economic considerations, with a significant portion of the population having faced such events recently. Factors such as economic considerations (low costs, financial benefits) are identified as critical motivators for future adaptation actions in Lithuania. On the other hand, in Sweden, respondents first preferred ecological factors (such as contributing to climate change mitigation) when considering future adaptation actions. The study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance community resilience, highlighting the importance of socio‐cultural contexts in shaping adaptation strategies. It emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive, inclusive educational programmes that address local climate impacts and promote proactive community involvement. The findings advocate for further comparative studies across diverse socio‐cultural settings to deepen insights into effective adaptation measures and to support the development of resilient communities worldwide.
Examining pre‐service teachers' teaching anxiety during student teaching: A Chinese perspective
Authors: Ao Narentuya , Zhang Manman , Tian Guoxiu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo better understand pre‐service teachers' teaching anxiety in specific cultural contexts and promote their overall anticipatory socialisation process, this study investigated the level, dimensions and causality of Chinese pre‐service teachers' teaching anxiety during student teaching. We conducted a survey of 426 Chinese pre‐service teachers who were at the end of their bachelor or master programmes to become primary or secondary school teachers. The results of this study revealed that the participants experienced moderate anxiety (M = 25.51), with more concerns about their professional teaching competencies (M = 10.75) and teaching management ability (M = 7.66) than personal image, personal affairs and evaluation (M = 2.92, 2.35, 1.82). Moreover, gender, educational background, self‐concept, student ability, job demands and job resources were correlated with teaching anxiety. Among these, self‐concept and job demands best explained teaching anxiety with estimated regression weights of −0.541 for self‐concept and 0.079 for job demands (p < .001). This study contributes to the literature on teaching anxiety by exploring culturally specific elements in China and offers valuable implications for interventions to reduce anxiety among pre‐service teachers.
Myelofibrosis and anemia: A German claims data analysis to describe epidemiology and current treatment
Authors: Slowley Alexander , Weinmann Sofie , d'Estrube Tim , Phiri Kelesitse , Karl Florian M. , Gleißner Erika , Mueller Sabrina , Junker Sophia , Göthert Joachim R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThere is limited data on the incidence, prevalence, and treatments for myelofibrosis (MF) in Germany. This retrospective study examined claims data from 3.3 million insured individuals, spanning from 2010 to 2021.MethodsFour sensitivity scenarios were explored to identify cases of MF. Point prevalence and cumulative incidence of MF were determined as of December 31, 2021, and within 2021, respectively. A cross‐sectional analysis used the main scenario definition of MF to identify cases and evaluate the period prevalence of patients receiving treatment for symptoms and/or splenomegaly, including first‐line (1L) Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), second‐line, or further (2L+) MF‐related treatment therapies during 2021. The prevalence of anemia treatment was also reported.ResultsThe estimated standardized point prevalence of MF on December 31, 2021, was 9.9–12.4 cases per 100 000 persons, and cumulative incidence in 2021 was 1.2–1.8 cases per 100 000 persons. Standardized period prevalence in 2021 for MF patients receiving 1L JAKi and/or 2L+ MF‐related treatment was 4.0 cases per 100 000. Among these patients, 47.1%–53.7% required treatment for anemia, resulting in a period prevalence of 1.9–2.2 cases per 100 000 individuals.ConclusionThe data reveal gaps in MF treatments and the need to improve patient quality of life.
The hemodynamic response to co‐occurring interictal epileptiform discharges and high‐frequency oscillations localizes the seizure‐onset zone
Authors: Wilson William , Pittman Daniel J. , Dykens Perry , Mosher Victoria , Gill Laura , Peedicail Joseph , George Antis G. , Beers Craig A. , Goodyear Bradley , LeVan Pierre , Federico Paolo ,   the Calgary Comprehensive Epilepsy Program collaborators
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo use intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) to characterize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation maps associated with high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) (80–250 Hz) and examine their proximity to HFO‐ and seizure‐generating tissue.MethodsForty‐five patients implanted with intracranial depth electrodes underwent a simultaneous EEG‐fMRI study at 3 T. HFOs were detected algorithmically from cleaned EEG and visually confirmed by an experienced electroencephalographer. HFOs that co‐occurred with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were subsequently identified. fMRI activation maps associated with HFOs were generated that occurred either independently of IEDs or within ±200 ms of an IED. For all significant analyses, the Maximum, Second Maximum, and Closest activation clusters were identified, and distances were measured to both the electrodes where the HFOs were observed and the electrodes involved in seizure onset.ResultsWe identified 108 distinct groups of HFOs from 45 patients. We found that HFOs with IEDs produced fMRI clusters that were closer to the local field potentials of the corresponding HFOs observed within the EEG than HFOs without IEDs. In addition to the fMRI clusters being closer to the location of the EEG correlate, HFOs with IEDs generated Maximum clusters with greater z‐scores and larger volumes than HFOs without IEDs. We also observed that HFOs with IEDs resulted in more discrete activation maps.SignificanceIntracranial EEG‐fMRI can be used to probe the hemodynamic response to HFOs. The hemodynamic response associated with HFOs that co‐occur with IEDs better identifies known epileptic tissue than HFOs that occur independently.
Fluoxetine accelerates epileptogenesis and magnifies disease severity in a rat model of acquired epilepsy
Authors: Dezsi Gabi , Ozturk Ezgi , Wong Davy , Hudson Matthew R. , Martello Gabriella , Gomes Flavia M. M. , Salzberg Michael R. , Morris Margaret J. , O'Brien Terence J. , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveMany people with epilepsy experience comorbid anxiety and depression, and antidepressants remain a primary treatment for this. Emerging evidence suggests that these agents may modulate epileptogenesis to influence disease severity. Here, we assessed how treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant fluoxetine impacts epileptogenic, behavioral, and pathological sequelae following status epilepticus.MethodsMale Wistar rats received kainic acid to induce status epilepticus (SE) or vehicle (sham). Animals then received either fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 8 weeks via subcutaneous osmotic pump. Video‐electroencephalography was recorded continuously until behavioral testing at day 56, including assessments of anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior and spatial cognition. Postmortem immunocytochemistry studies examined mossy fiber sprouting.ResultsFluoxetine treatment significantly accelerated epileptogenesis following SE, reducing the average period to the first spontaneous seizure (from 32 days [vehicle] to 6 days [fluoxetine], p < .01). Also, fluoxetine exposure magnified the severity of the resultant epilepsy, increasing seizure frequency compared to vehicle (p < .01). Exposure to fluoxetine was associated with improved anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors but significantly worsened cognition. Mossy fiber sprouting was more pronounced in fluoxetine‐treated rats compared to vehicle (p < .0001).SignificanceOur studies demonstrate that, using a model exhibiting spontaneous seizures, epileptogenesis is accelerated and magnified by fluoxetine, an effect that may be related to more severe pathological neuroplasticity. The differential influence of fluoxetine on behavior indicates that different circuitry and mechanisms are responsible for these comorbidities. These findings suggest that caution should be exercised when prescribing SSRI antidepressants to people at risk of developing epilepsy.
The role of the gut microbiota in regulating responses to vaccination: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Rossouw Charné , Ryan Feargal J. , Lynn David J. 
Published: August 2024

Antigen‐specific B and T cell responses play a critical role in vaccine‐mediated protection against infectious diseases, but these responses are highly variable between individuals and vaccine immunogenicity is frequently sub‐optimal in infants, the elderly and in people living in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although many factors such as nutrition, age, sex, genetics, environmental exposures, and infections may all contribute to variable vaccine immunogenicity, mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is an important and targetable factor shaping optimal immune responses to vaccination. In this review, we discuss evidence from human, preclinical and experimental studies supporting a role for a healthy gut microbiota in mediating optimal vaccine immunogenicity, including the immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccines. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms through which this could occur and discuss strategies that could be used to target the microbiota to boost vaccine immunogenicity where it is currently sub‐optimal.
Alfalfa‐bermudagrass mixtures managed under contrasting harvest strategies in the southeastern US
Authors: Burt Justin C. , Baxter Lisa L. , Silva Liliane S. , Vasco Carol M. , Prevatt Christopher G. , Mullenix M. Kimberly , Lawton Stewart R. , Tucker Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of dual‐purpose alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars into bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is a viable option to extend the grazing season in Southern forage systems. However, data are limited on which harvest management strategy (HMS) optimizes the use of alfalfa‐bermudagrass (ABG) mixtures in the Southern US. A two‐year study evaluated ABG mixtures under three HMS [cut only (CO), graze only (GO), or cut and graze (CG)].in Headland, AL and Tifton, GA. Alfalfa‐bermudagrass mixtures utilized in this evaluation were ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa that was interseeded into ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass. Treatments were evaluated for forage, animal, and total system performance. Herbage accumulation varied by year and location (p < .01), but the number of harvests ultimately determined the total forage produced. Forage allowance was never limiting but did differ among treatments at Tifton, GA (p = .02). The CG HMS allowed for similar daily (p > .06) and liveweight gains (p > .56) on fewer days of grazing as compared to the GO treatments. The greater alfalfa percentage in the CG HMS translated to greater total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP), though not always statistically different. The CO HMS maximized system performance when evaluated for total gain (actual gains + predicted gains). However, the CG management allowed for more production opportunities across the season, thereby reducing economic risk. Future research should focus on evaluating the economic implications of introducing each HMS into ABG systems.
Acute neuromuscular and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction exercise in adults with severe haemophilia: A pilot study
Authors: Ogrezeanu Daniel C. , Calatayud Joaquín , Rodríguez Sergi , Carrasco Juan J. , Martinez‐Valdes Eduardo , Casaña José , Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Andersen Lars L. , Aagaard Per , López‐Bueno Rubén , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionNo previous studies have implemented a standard blood flow restriction (BFR) training session in people with severe haemophilia (PwH), where this type of training has been contraindicated.AimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability, adverse events, and neuromuscular and perceptual responses to an acute session of low load (LL) knee extensions with BFR in PwH under prophylaxis.MethodsEight PwH performed one LL‐BFR session with 40% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). Perceptual responses and adverse effects were assessed, together with high‐density surface electromyography of vastus medialis (VM) and lateralis (VL).ResultsSignificant normalized root mean square differences were found within each set, but not between sets. Spatial distribution (centroid displacement (p > .05), modified entropy (VM, set two, cycles three and five, p = .032) and coefficient of variation (VM, set two, cycles four and five lower than cycle three (p = .049; p = .036)) showed changes within each set. Median frequency showed a slight increase during cycle four of set four (p = .030). Rate of perceived exertion slightly increased with each set while tolerability slightly decreased in the last set and fear of training with BFR generally decreased after the session.ConclusionsIn PwH, a LL‐BFR session at 40% AOP is safe and feasible. Our results suggest that potential muscle impairments may blunt neuromuscular adaptations induced by BFR.
Information and health literacy policies during pandemics: A narrative review
Authors: Danaei Mehrabad Shabnam , Panahi Sirous , Sedghi Shahram , Aryankhesal Aidin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has compelled governments globally to formulate policies addressing the unique needs of their populations. These policies are critical in disseminating accurate information and enhancing health literacy during crises.ObjectiveThis narrative review aims to identify and assess effective information and health literacy policies implemented during pandemics.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed across five electronic information sources (PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Emerald Insight, Scopus), supplemented by Google Scholar. The analysis employed Walt and Gilson's health policy triangle framework to categorize and evaluate the findings.ResultsThe review revealed that the policies could be grouped into several key categories: educational programs, laws and regulations, knowledge sharing, national programs, and different information sources. The development of these policies involved multifaceted processes influenced by political, scientific, economic, cultural and social factors, as well as the involvement of multiple stakeholders.ConclusionsThis review offers significant insights and actionable recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. By understanding the dimensions and components of effective information and health literacy policies, stakeholders can better prepare for and respond to future pandemics and similar health crises.
Effects of curdlan on the quality of frozen steamed bread: quality changes, water state and starch crystallinity
Authors: Hou Liuyu , Zhao Beibei , Fu Shijian , Liu Ting , Liu Xinru , Li Hua 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to explore the effects of curdlan on the textural and sensory qualities of frozen steamed bread (FSB), as well as water state and starch properties during freezing. The results showed that incorporation of curdlan improved the springiness and resilience, while it reduced the hardness and chewiness of FSB. The quality deterioration of FSB was largely caused by the growth and recrystalisation of ice crystals. However, incorporation of curdlan mitigated this adverse impact by regulating water state. Specifically, it increased water content, inhibited water migration, and significantly decreased freezable water content. Additionally, curdlan also decreased starch relative crystallinity, which hindered its retrogradation and thus maintained the overall quality of FSB. Notably, inclusion of 0.5% curdlan exhibited optimal effectiveness in improving quality as evidenced by the highest sensory score obtained.
Evaluation of an integrated activated partial thromboplastin time (Cephen LS/Cephen) for the detection of lupus anticoagulant
Authors: Thiriet Adrien , Poindron Vincent , Sattler Laurent , Wimmer Jordan , Rolland Delphine , Korganow Anne‐Sophie , Mauvieux Laurent , Herb Agathe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionIt is recommended to use two chronometric assays of different principles for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant (LA), consisting in diluted Russell Viper Venom Time (dRVVT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Yet, there are only a few integrated aPTT assays; this study aims to evaluate one of them: Cephen LS/Cephen (Hyphen Biomed).Method249 samples of patients were included in this study. Normal reference ranges were determined with platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) from healthy blood donors. Performances were then evaluated by comparing Cephen LS/Cephen test results to the results of the laboratory's reference assay for the diagnosis of LA and to clinical data, both on non‐anticoagulated and anticoagulated patients' samples (Unfractioned heparin (UFH), Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) and apixaban). Interference of UFH, LMWH and VKA were also evaluated thanks to spiking experiment of increasing heparin concentrations or factor deficiency.ResultsCephen LS/Cephen test had 48.6% sensitivity towards LA. Although UFH and VKA seemed to interfere with this assay and were likely to cause false negative, LMWH and apixaban did not.Finally, combination of Cephen LS/ Cephen with dRVVT had 89.0% sensitivity.ConclusionCephen LS/Cephen seems relevant for LA diagnosis, in combination with dRVVT, and might be used in patients undergoing LMWH or apixaban therapy.
Diagnostic Overshadowing of Chronic Hepatitis C in People With Mental Health Conditions Who Inject Drugs: A Scoping Review
Authors: Preston Regan , Christmass Michael , Lim Eric , McGough Shirley , Heslop Karen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDiagnostic overshadowing refers to a phenomenon whereby people with mental health conditions encounter inadequate or delayed medical attention and misdiagnosis. This occurs when physical symptoms are mistakenly attributed to their mental health condition. This paper presents a scoping review focusing on direct causes and background factors of diagnostic overshadowing in the context of hepatitis C infection in people who inject drugs and have concurrent mental health conditions. Despite significant strides in hepatitis C treatment with direct‐acting antiviral drugs, the complex interplay of mental health conditions and physical symptoms necessitates a nuanced approach for accurate diagnosis and effective screening. This review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology for scoping reviews. The databases searched included Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Global Health, CINAHL and Scopus. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). The search strategies identified 1995 records. Overall, 166 studies were excluded. Forty‐two (42) studies met the inclusion criteria. Three (n = 3) studies represented direct causes, and 39 (n = 39) with background factors related to diagnostic overshadowing. Studies highlighted six key themes encompassing diagnostic overshadowing, with communication barriers, stigma and knowledge deficiencies being the most prominent. Recognising and addressing diagnostic overshadowing in chronic hepatitis C will lead to increased screening, diagnosis and timely administration of life‐saving antiviral therapy, resulting in profound enhancements in well‐being and health outcomes. Moreover, this proactive approach will play a pivotal role in advancing the global effort towards eliminating hepatitis C by 2030.
A robust optimisation approach for the placement of forest fire suppression resources
Authors: Mendes André Bergsten , e Alvelos Filipe Pereira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research develops an initial attack plan for combating forest fires in any wildland areas susceptible to fire outbreaks. To be eligible for such a plan, the landscape must have been previously mapped and modelled concerning spatial and topographic data and fuel levels. Thus, when ignition occurs, one can predict the expected fire behaviour in terms of spread direction and rate of spread. With such information, decisions can be taken on where and when to position the suppression resources. This paper extends a recent contribution to this subject, generalising each node's resource requirement, allowing a more precise modelling of non‐homogeneous landscapes. Moreover, we treat the cases where the estimated number of resources may not be sufficient to deal with the fire intensity, which becomes revealed only at the fire scene. In such cases, additional resources may be needed to contain the fire effectively. This worst‐case approach is modelled with the support of the robust optimisation paradigm. We propose a deterministic mathematical programming model, a robust optimisation counterpart, and a robust tabu search (RoTS) algorithm. We adapt instances from the literature, which are optimally solved by a commercial solver and used for assessing the quality of the RoTS. The proposed algorithm could optimally solve 94 of 96 instances. Finally, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation as part of a risk analysis assessment of the generated solutions.