bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blow‐up phenomena for a system of semilinear parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Baghaei Khadijeh , Hesaaraki Mahmoud 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the blow‐up phenomena for a system of parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. We show that under some conditions on the nonlinearities, blow‐up occurs at some finite time. We also obtain upper and lower bounds for the blow‐up time when blow‐up occurs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A subspace approach to high‐resolution spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Lam Fan , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo accelerate spectroscopic imaging using sparse sampling of
‐space and subspace (or low‐rank) modeling to enable high‐resolution metabolic imaging with good signal‐to‐noise ratio.MethodsThe proposed method, called SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation, exploits a unique property known as partial separability of spectroscopic signals. This property indicates that high‐dimensional spectroscopic signals reside in a very low‐dimensional subspace and enables special data acquisition and image reconstruction strategies to be used to obtain high‐resolution spatiospectral distributions with good signal‐to‐noise ratio. More specifically, a hybrid chemical shift imaging/echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging pulse sequence is proposed for sparse sampling of
‐space, and a low‐rank model‐based algorithm is proposed for subspace estimation and image reconstruction from sparse data with the capability to incorporate prior information and field inhomogeneity correction.ResultsThe performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using both computer simulations and phantom studies, which produced very encouraging results. For two‐dimensional spectroscopic imaging experiments on a metabolite phantom, a factor of 10 acceleration was achieved with a minimal loss in signal‐to‐noise ratio compared to the long chemical shift imaging experiments and with a significant gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio compared to the accelerated echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging experiments.ConclusionThe proposed method, SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation, is able to significantly accelerate spectroscopic imaging experiments, making high‐resolution metabolic imaging possible. Magn Reson Med 71:1349–1357, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different quantification algorithms may lead to different results: a comparison using proton MRS lipid signals
Authors: Mosconi E. , Sima D. M. , Osorio Garcia M. I. , Fontanella M. , Fiorini S. , Van Huffel S. , Marzola P. 
Published: February 2014

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a sensitive method for investigating the biochemical compounds in a tissue. The interpretation of the data relies on the quantification algorithms applied to MR spectra. Each of these algorithms has certain underlying assumptions and may allow one to incorporate prior knowledge, which could influence the quality of the fit. The most commonly considered types of prior knowledge include the line‐shape model (Lorentzian, Gaussian, Voigt), knowledge of the resonating frequencies, modeling of the baseline, constraints on the damping factors and phase, etc.In this article, we study whether the statistical outcome of a biological investigation can be influenced by the quantification method used. We chose to study lipid signals because of their emerging role in the investigation of metabolic disorders. Lipid spectra, in particular, are characterized by peaks that are in most cases not Lorentzian, because measurements are often performed in difficult body locations, e.g. in visceral fats close to peristaltic movements in humans or very small areas close to different tissues in animals. This leads to spectra with several peak distortions.Linear combination of Model spectra (LCModel), Advanced Method for Accurate Robust and Efficient Spectral fitting (AMARES), quantitation based on QUantum ESTimation (QUEST), Automated Quantification of Short Echo‐time MRS (AQSES)‐Lineshape and Integration were applied to simulated spectra, and area under the curve (AUC) values, which are proportional to the quantity of the resonating molecules in the tissue, were compared with true values. A comparison between techniques was also carried out on lipid signals from obese and lean Zucker rats, for which the polyunsaturation value expressed in white adipose tissue should be statistically different, as confirmed by high‐resolution NMR measurements (considered the gold standard) on the same animals. LCModel, AQSES‐Lineshape, QUEST and Integration gave the best results in at least one of the considered groups of simulated or in vivo lipid signals. These outcomes highlight the fact that quantification methods can influence the final result and its statistical significance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of anthropometric indices to abdominal and total body fat in youth: Sex and race differences
Authors: Barreira Tiago V. , Broyles Stephanie T. , Gupta Alok K. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the influence of sex and race on relationships between anthropometry (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], waist‐to‐height ratio [W/Ht]) and adiposity (fat mass [FM], abdominal subcutaneous [SAT] and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]) in African American and white youth.MethodsThe sample included 382 youth 5‐18 years of age. FM and abdominal adiposity were assessed using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Regression was used to examine sex and race effects in the relationship between independent (BMI, WC, and W/Ht) and dependent (FM, SAT and VAT) variables.ResultsBMI and WC were highly related to adiposity while W/Ht was moderately related. The association of BMI with FM and SAT was independent of sex and race, while the relationships of WC and W/Ht with FM and SAT were influenced by both sex and race. In contrast, the association between BMI and VAT was influenced by sex and race, while the relationships of WC and W/Ht with VAT were not.ConclusionsWC and W/Ht have similar relationships with adiposity; however, WC presented stronger relationships. BMI is a predictor of overall adiposity but sex and race play a role in its relationship with VAT.
The number of chews and meal duration affect diet‐induced thermogenesis and splanchnic circulation
Authors: Hamada Yuka , Kashima Hideaki , Hayashi Naoyuki 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of the number of chews and meal duration on diet‐induced thermogenesis (DIT) and splanchnic blood flow (BF).MethodsHealthy normal‐weight subjects (11 subjects in the 100‐kcal test and 10 subjects in the 300‐kcal test) participated in two trials: a rapid‐eating trial and a slow‐eating trial. The meal duration and the number of chews were recorded. DIT was calculated from oxygen uptake and body mass, and splanchnic BF was calculated from the diameters of and blood velocities in the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery, which were recorded until 90 min after consuming the food samples.ResultsFor the 100‐kcal and 300‐kcal food samples, DIT and postprandial splanchnic BF in both the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery were significantly larger in the slow‐eating trial than in the rapid‐eating trial. There were significant correlations among meal duration, the number of chews, DIT, and postprandial splanchnic BF, with the exception of the relationship between DIT and splanchnic BF in the 300‐kcal trial.ConclusionsThese results suggest that fewer chews and/or shorter meal duration decreases DIT and the postprandial splanchnic BF, and that the increased DIT is at least partially due to the postprandial splanchnic circulation.
An optimal control approach to spacecraft rendezvous on elliptical orbit
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Teo Kok Lay , Duan Guang‐Ren 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we consider a linear quadratic regulator control problem for spacecraft rendezvous in an elliptical orbit. A new spacecraft rendezvous model is established. On the basis of this model, a linear quadratic regulator control problem is formulated. A parametric Lyapunov differential equation approach is used to design a state feedback controller such that the resulting closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable, and the performance index is minimized. By an appropriate choice of the value of a parameter, an approximate state feedback controller is obtained from a solution to the periodic Lyapunov differential equation, where the periodic Lyapunov differential equation is solved on the basis of a new numerical algorithm. The spacecraft rendezvous mission under the controller obtained will be accomplished successfully. Several illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control design method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample Preparation Issues in NMR‐based Plant Metabolomics: Optimisation for Vitis Wood Samples
Authors: Halabalaki Maria , Bertrand Samuel , Stefanou Anna , Gindro Katia , Kostidis Sarantos , Mikros Emmanuel , Skaltsounis Leandros A. , Wolfender Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most commonly used analytical techniques in plant metabolomics. Although this technique is very reproducible and simple to implement, sample preparation procedures have a great impact on the quality of the metabolomics data.ObjectiveInvestigation of different sample preparation methods and establishment of an optimised protocol for untargeted NMR‐based metabolomics of Vitis vinifera L. wood samples.MethodsWood samples from two different cultivars of V. vinifera with well‐defined phenotypes (Gamaret and 2091) were selected as reference materials. Different extraction solvents (successively, dichloromethane, methanol and water, as well as ethyl acetate and 7:3 methanol‐water (v/v)) and deuterated solvents (methanol‐d4, 7:3 chloroform‐d‐methanol‐d4 (v/v), dimethylsulphoxide‐d6 and 9:1 dimethylsulphoxide‐d6‐water‐d2 (v/v)) were evaluated for NMR acquisition, and the spectral quality was compared. The optimal extract concentration, chemical shift stability and peak area repeatability were also investigated.ResultsEthyl acetate was found to be the most satisfactory solvent for the extraction of all representative chemical classes of secondary metabolites in V. vinifera wood. The optimal concentration of dried extract was 10 mg/mL and 7:3 chloroform‐d‐methanol‐d4 (v/v) was the most suitable solvent system for NMR analysis. Multivariate data analysis was used to estimate the biological variation and clustering between different cultivars.ConclusionClose attention should be paid to all required procedures before NMR analysis, especially to the selection of an extraction solvent and a deuterated solvent system to perform an extensive metabolomic survey of the specific matrix. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of associations between influenza vaccines and increased risks of seizures, Guillain–Barré syndrome, encephalitis, or anaphylaxis in the 2012–2013 season
Authors: Kawai Alison Tse , Li Lingling , Kulldorff Martin , Vellozzi Claudia , Weintraub Eric , Baxter Roger , Belongia Edward A. , Daley Matthew F. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Naleway Allison , Nordin James D. , Lee Grace M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeWe conducted weekly surveillance for pre‐specified adverse events following receipt of the 2012–2013 influenza vaccines in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD).MethodsFor each outcome, risk intervals (i.e., period after vaccination with a potentially increased risk) were defined on the basis of biologic plausibility and prior literature. Seizures following inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) were monitored in children in three age groups (6–23 months, 24–59 months, and 5–17 years) using a self‐controlled risk interval design. We also monitored for Guillain–Barré syndrome, encephalitis, and anaphylaxis following IIV in patients ≥6 months of age using a cohort design with historical controls. In the risk intervals following live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), we collected weekly counts of Guillain–Barré syndrome, encephalitis, and anaphylaxis in patients ages 2–49. Among LAIV vaccinees, numbers of expected events based on rates in historical controls were calculated, adjusted for age and site.ResultsAt the end of surveillance, approximately 3.6 million first doses of IIV and 250 000 first doses of LAIV had been administered in the VSD. No elevated risks were identified in risk intervals following 2012–2013 IIV, as compared with a self‐matched control interval or to historical controls. For each outcome, fewer than three events occurred in the risk interval following 2012–2013 LAIV, and we thus were unable to estimate measures of relative risks.ConclusionsNo increased risk was identified for any of the pre‐specified outcomes following 2012–2013 influenza vaccinations in the VSD. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Triallyl monomer bearing adamantane‐like core derived from naturally occurring myo‐inositol: Synthesis and polyaddition with dithiols
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Sakue Tomio 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with a triallyl monomer bearing a rigid adamantane‐like core derived from myo‐inositol, a naturally occurring cyclic hexaol. The core structure of the monomer can be readily constructed by orthoesterification of myo‐inositol. The polyaddition of the triallyl monomer with dithiols based on the thermally induced radical thiol‐ene reaction gives the corresponding networked polymers. These networked polymers exhibit much higher thermal stability than the comparative networked polymers obtained from a triallyl monomer bearing less rigid cyclohexyl core. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1193–1199
XG‐102 administered to healthy male volunteers as a single intravenous infusion: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalating study
Authors: Deloche Catherine , Lopez‐Lazaro Luis , Mouz Sébastien , Perino Julien , Abadie Claire , Combette Jean‐Marc 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe aim of the study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the JNK inhibitor XG‐102 in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, sequential ascending dose parallel group Phase 1 Study. Three groups of male subjects received as randomly assigned ascending single XG‐102 doses (10, 40, and 80 μg/kg; 6 subjects per dose) or placebo (2 subjects per dose) as an intravenous (IV) infusion over 60 min. Safety and tolerability were assessed by physical examination, vital signs, electrocardiography, eye examination, clinical laboratory tests and adverse events (AEs). PK was analyzed using noncompartmental methods. All reported AEs were mild to moderate and neither their number nor their distribution by System Organ Class suggest a dose relationship. Only headache and fatigue were considered probably or possibly study drug related. Headache frequency was similar for active and placebo, consequently this was not considered to be drug related but probably to study conditions. The other examinations did not show clinically relevant deviations or trends suggesting a XG‐102 relationship. Geometric mean half‐life was similar among doses, ranging from 0.36 to 0.65 h. Geometric mean XG‐102 AUC0–last increased more than linearly with dose, 90% confidence intervals (CIs) did not overlap for the two highest doses. Geometric mean dose normalized Cmax values suggest a more than linear increase with dose but 90% CIs overlap. It may be concluded that XG‐102 single IV doses of 10–80 μg/kg administered over 1 h to healthy male subjects were safe and well tolerated.
Glyphosate‐resistant and glyphosate‐susceptible Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.): hyperspectral reflectance properties of plants and potential for classification
Authors: Reddy Krishna N , Huang Yanbo , Lee Matthew A , Nandula Vijay K , Fletcher Reginald S , Thomson Steven J , Zhao Feng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is a troublesome agronomic weed in the southern United States, and several populations have evolved resistance to glyphosate. This paper reports on spectral signatures of glyphosate‐resistant (GR) and glyphosate‐sensitive (GS) plants, and explores the potential of using hyperspectral sensors to distinguish GR from GS plants.RESULTSGS plants have higher light reflectance in the visible region and lower light reflectance in the infrared region of the spectrum compared with GR plants. The normalized reflectance spectrum of the GR and GS plants had best separability in the 400–500 nm, 650–690 nm, 730–740 nm and 800–900 nm spectral regions. Fourteen wavebands from within or near these four spectral regions provided a classification of unknown set of GR and GS plants, with a validation accuracy of 94% for greenhouse‐grown plants and 96% for field‐grown plants.CONCLUSIONSGR and GS Palmer amaranth plants have unique hyperspectral reflectance properties, and there are four distinct regions of the spectrum that can separate the GR from GS plants. These results demonstrate that hyperspectral imaging has potential application to distinguish GR from GS Palmer amaranth plants (without a glyphosate treatment), with future implications for glyphosate resistance management. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Toward single‐step anodic fabrication of monodisperse TiO2 nanotube arrays on non‐native substrates
Authors: Farsinezhad Samira , Dalrymple Ashley N. , Shankar Karthik 
Published: February 2014

Shape irregularity and size dispersion exhibited by TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) is a disadvantage for size‐selective applications such as flow‐through membranes, cell differentiation and drug delivery, and for photonic applications such as photonic crystals and metallodielectric metamaterials, where size and shape dispersity are sources of defects and scattering. We show that achieving extremely smooth Ti films is more critical than a large Ti grain size in attaining highly ordered nanotube arrays with minimal dispersity in shape and size, and obtain the insight that uniform pore nucleation is determinative of the quality of the nanostructures that result following electrochemical anodization. TiO2 nanotubes formed by anodization of highly smooth Ti films on single crystal silicon wafers in electrolytes with high water concentrations had only circular pores with a narrow dispersion of pore diameters, and exhibited uniform cross‐sections along the tube‐axis. Pattern order was evaluated using 2D‐FFT analysis .TiO2 nanotubes on Si wafers with a (a) narrow and (b) wide dispersion in shape and size.
Influence of the intrinsic length on p+‐i‐n+ Si nanowire avalanche photodetectors on flexible plastic substrates
Authors: Yang Kyungwhan , Kwak Kiyeol , Kim Sangsig 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we report the construction of avalanche photodetectors (APDs) consisting of p+‐type/intrinsic/n+‐type (p+‐i ‐n+) Si nanowires (NWs) on a flexible plastic substrate and investigate the photomultiplication characteristics of the APDs with different intrinsic lengths. The maximum avalanche gain and responsivity of the APDs excited by the 633 nm wavelength light are estimated to be 5.9×104 and 1.4×10–3 A/W, respectively, for an intrinsic length of 0.5 μm. The maximum avalanche gain is associated with an improvement of the photomultiplication properties and results in the efficient generation of photogenerated charge carriers in the intrinsic region of the Si NWs. Furthermore, the breakdown phenomena in our APDs in the flat and upwardly bent states are investigated. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excellent uniformity on large diameter GaN on silicon LED wafer
Authors: Pinos Andrea , Tan Wei‐Sin , Chitnis Ashay , Nishikawa Atsushi , Groh Lars , Hu Cheng‐Yu , Murad Saad , Lutgen Stephan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report on the crystal quality and on‐wafer device performance of GaN‐on‐Si LED wafers grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition on Si(111) substrates. Average XRD FWHM of 343 arcsec and 456 arcsec for the 002 and 102 reflections, respectively, are measured for GaN‐on‐Si template wafers and a dislocation density around 5×108 cm–2 is determined via etch pit density. Excellent electroluminescence uniformity for the 150 and 200 mm blue LED wafers was achieved. The standard deviation values measured across the wafer surface are 3.9% for the electroluminescence intensity, 0.6–0.8% for the peak wavelength and 1.3% for the forward voltage. The high uniformity confirms the viability of the GaN‐on‐Si technology on large substrate diameters for next generation LED manufacturing. The feasibility of a two‐step growth process for LED wafers on GaN‐on‐Si templates is demonstrated successfully and the issues of wafer to wafer uniformity and processing yield are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of thick semipolar {11$ \bar 2 $2} GaN by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Furuya Hiroshi , Ueno Motohisa , Yamane Keisuke , Okada Narihito , Tadatomo Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA thick semipolar {11–22} GaN layer was grown on m ‐plane sapphire substrates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). We succeeded in using epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) with a striped SiO2 mask to suppress crack generation, improve the flatness, and reduce the dark spot density in the semipolar {11–22} GaN layer. The ELO was performed at a growth rate of over 100 µm/h, and it was found that ELO using a SiO2 mask could be used to achieve high‐growth rate HVPE. Large hillocks were eliminated by using ELO. The dark spot density of the 2 mm {11–22} GaN layer grown by ELO was 2.7 × 107cm–2, which was one digit lower than that of a conventional GaN layer. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Logic functions based on optical bias controlled SiC tandem devices
Authors: Silva V. , Vieira M. A. , Vieira M. , Louro P. , Fantoni A. , Barata M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is the design of an optoelectronic circuit based on a‐SiC technology, able to act simultaneously as a 4‐bit binary encoder or a binary decoder in a 4‐to‐16 line configurations and show multiplexer‐based logical functions. The device consists of a p‐i′(a‐SiC:H)‐n/p‐i(a‐Si:H)‐n multilayered structure produced by PECVD. To analyze it under information‐modulated wave (color channels) and uniform irradiation (background) four monochromatic pulsed lights (input channels): red, green, blue and violet shine on the device. Steady state optical bias was superimposed separately from the front and the back sides, and the generated photocurrent was measured.Results show that the devices, under appropriate optical bias, act as reconfigurable active filters that allow optical switching and optoelectronic logic functions development providing the possibility for selective removal of useless wavelengths.The logic functions needed to construct any other complex logic functions are the NOT, and both or either an AND or an OR. Any other complex logic function that might be found can also be used as building blocks to achieve the functions needed for the retrieval of channels within the WDM communication link. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)