bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of soil microbiology and metabolomics to elucidate the mechanism of the accelerated infestation of tobacco by the root-knot nematode
Authors: Sang Yinghua , Ren Ke , Chen Yi , Wang Bin , Meng Yufang , Zhou Wenbing , Jiang Yonglei , Xu Junju 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionTobacco root-knot nematode (TRKN) disease is a soil-borne disease that presents a major hazard to the cultivation of tobacco, causing significant reduction in crop quality and yield, and affecting soil microbial diversity and metabolites. However, differences in rhizosphere soil microbial communities and metabolites between healthy tobacco soils and tobacco soils with varying degrees of TRKN infection remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, diseased rhizosphere soils of tobacco infected with different degrees of TRKN [severally diseased (DH) soils, moderately diseased (DM) soils, and mildly diseased (DL) soils] and healthy (H) rhizosphere soils were collected. Here, we combined microbiology with metabolomics to investigate changes in rhizosphere microbial communities and metabolism in healthy and TRKN-infected tobacco using high-throughput sequencing and LC-MS/MS platforms.ResultsThe results showed that the Chao1 and Shannon indices of bacterial communities in moderately and mildly diseased soils were significantly higher than healthy soils. The Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Burkholderia, Bradyrhizobium and Dyella were enriched in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco. Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Pseudeurotiaceae and Ralstonia were enriched in severally diseased soils. Besides, healthy soils exhibited a relatively complex and interconnected network of bacterial molecular ecologies, while in severally and moderately diseased soils the fungal molecular networks are relatively complex. Redundancy analysis showed that total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, significantly affected the changes in microbial communities. In addition, metabolomics results indicated that rhizosphere soil metabolites were significantly altered after tobacco plants were infected with TRKNs. The relative abundance of organic acids was higher in severally diseased soils. Spearman’s analyses showed that oleic acid, C16 sphinganine, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, D-erythro-3-methylmalate were positively correlated with Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Ralstonia.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study revealed the relationship between different levels of TRKN invasion of tobacco root systems with bacteria, fungi, metabolites and soil environmental factors, and provides a theoretical basis for the biological control of TRKN disease.
Simulating combined monoaminergic depletions in a PD animal model through a bio-constrained differential equations system
Authors: Carli Samuele , Brugnano Luigi , Caligiore Daniele 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHistorically, Parkinson's Disease (PD) research has focused on the dysfunction of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is linked to motor regulation in the basal ganglia. Therapies have mainly aimed at restoring dopamine (DA) levels, showing effectiveness but variable outcomes and side effects. Recent evidence indicates that PD complexity implicates disruptions in DA, noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT) systems, which may underlie the variations in therapy effects.MethodsWe present a system-level bio-constrained computational model that comprehensively investigates the dynamic interactions between these neurotransmitter systems. The model was designed to replicate experimental data demonstrating the impact of NA and 5-HT depletion in a PD animal model, providing insights into the causal relationships between basal ganglia regions and neuromodulator release areas.ResultsThe model successfully replicates experimental data and generates predictions regarding changes in unexplored brain regions, suggesting avenues for further investigation. It highlights the potential efficacy of alternative treatments targeting the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus, though these preliminary findings require further validation. Sensitivity analysis identifies critical model parameters, offering insights into key factors influencing brain area activity. A stability analysis underscores the robustness of our mathematical formulation, bolstering the model validity.DiscussionOur holistic approach emphasizes that PD is a multifactorial disorder and opens promising avenues for early diagnostic tools that harness the intricate interactions among monoaminergic systems. Investigating NA and 5-HT systems alongside the DA system may yield more effective, subtype-specific therapies. The exploration of multisystem dysregulation in PD is poised to revolutionize our understanding and management of this complex neurodegenerative disorder.
Interpretable machine learning comprehensive human gait deterioration analysis
Authors: Alharthi Abdullah S. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionGait analysis, an expanding research area, employs non-invasive sensors and machine learning techniques for a range of applications. In this study, we investigate the impact of cognitive decline conditions on gait performance, drawing connections between gait deterioration in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and healthy individuals dual tasking.MethodsWe employ Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) specifically Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation (LRP), in conjunction with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to interpret the intricate patterns in gait dynamics influenced by cognitive loads.ResultsWe achieved classification accuracies of 98% F1 scores for PD dataset and 95.5% F1 scores for the combined PD dataset. Furthermore, we explore the significance of cognitive load in healthy gait analysis, resulting in robust classification accuracies of 90% ± 10% F1 scores for subject cognitive load verification. Our findings reveal significant alterations in gait parameters under cognitive decline conditions, highlighting the distinctive patterns associated with PD-related gait impairment and those induced by multitasking in healthy subjects. Through advanced XAI techniques (LRP), we decipher the underlying features contributing to gait changes, providing insights into specific aspects affected by cognitive decline.DiscussionOur study establishes a novel perspective on gait analysis, demonstrating the applicability of XAI in elucidating the shared characteristics of gait disturbances in PD and dual-task scenarios in healthy individuals. The interpretability offered by XAI enhances our ability to discern subtle variations in gait patterns, contributing to a more nuanced comprehension of the factors influencing gait dynamics in PD and dual-task conditions, emphasizing the role of XAI in unraveling the intricacies of gait control.
MRI scan with the “feed and wrap” technique and with an optimized anesthesia protocol: a retrospective analysis of a single-center experience
Authors: Moltoni Giulia , Lucignani Giulia , Sgrò Stefania , Guarnera Alessia , Rossi Espagnet Maria Camilla , Dellepiane Francesco , Carducci Chiara , Liberi Stefano , Iacoella Elisabetta , Evangelisti Giuliana , Contini Anna , Campi Francesca , Savarese Immacolata , Gandolfo Carlo , Longo Daniela 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMRI examinations in the pediatric population require acquiring motionless images in the safest possible manner. At our institute, we have developed a protocol called “Good Practice” aimed at avoiding anesthesia in newborns and infants through the use of the “feed and wrap” technique, as well as preventing hospitalization for older children requiring anesthesia with an optimized sedation protocol. We evaluated this protocol in terms of patient safety, imaging quality, and parental satisfaction.Materials and methodsPatient data were collected retrospectively. In the feed and wrap group, image quality and the necessity of repeating the examination were evaluated. In the optimized anesthesiologic protocol group, various parameters were analyzed to assess the safety of the protocol. Parental satisfaction was determined through a questionnaire.ResultsA total of 132 patients were included, with 82 undergoing the feed and wrap technique and 50 receiving the optimized anesthesiologic protocol. In the feed and wrap group, images were classified as follows: 4.87% poor, 18.29% sufficient, 37.80% good, and 39.92% excellent. In only 2 cases a new MRI examination was required. In the optimized anesthesiologic protocol group, no adverse effects were observed, and no post-anesthesia hospitalizations were needed. 100% of parents of babies examined with the feed and wrap technique rated it as excellent. Furthermore, 85.6% of parents considered the optimized anesthesiologic protocol excellent, and 13.6% rated it as good.ConclusionAt our institute, the feed and wrap technique proved to be effective in obtaining high-quality images. Anesthesia using propofol showed no adverse effects and proved to be successful in avoiding hospitalization. Parents expressed relief at the avoidance of anesthesia and hospitalization for their children.
Dexmedetomidine: a real-world safety analysis based on FDA adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Shuai Yichun , Chen Zhe , Wan Qiaoqian , Wu Jinzheng , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveUsing the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database to analyze the safety profile of Dexmedetomidine and provide guidance for clinical application.MethodsData from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2023 were collected. Reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) were employed to detect and assess adverse events associated with Dexmedetomidine.ResultsA total of 1910 reports of Dexmedetomidine as the primary suspect drug were obtained. After screening, 892 preferred terms were obtained, including 52 new preferred terms not mentioned in the drug insert. The common adverse events of Dexmedetomidine include bradycardia, cardiac arrest, hypotension, diabetes insipidus, arteriospasm coronary and agitation. Notably, cardiac disorders exhibited the highest number of reports and the highest signal intensity in the system organ class. Among the new preferred terms, those with high signal intensity include transcranial electrical motor evoked potential monitoring abnormal, acute motor axonal neuropathy, trigemino-cardiac reflex, glossoptosis, floppy iris syndrome, phaeochromocytoma crisis, postresuscitation encephalopathy and diabetes insipidus.ConclusionThis study mined and evaluated adverse events associated with Dexmedetomidine and also identified new adverse events. This could help alert clinicians to new adverse events not mentioned in the drug inserts, reducing the risk of drug.
Research on music therapy from 2013 to 2022: a bibliometric and visualized study
Authors: Zhi Liang , Hou Dianrui , Hong Yaqing , Ke Meihua , Zhang Qingfang , Wang Yulong , Long Jianjun 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMusic therapy is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field. But there has been no research analyzing the latest research status and development trends in this research field from a macro perspective. We aim to identify hotspots, knowledge base, and frontiers in the field of music therapy through bibliometric analysis.MethodsAll data were retrieved from the Web of Science core database from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022.CiteSpace and Bibliometrix software were employed for bibliometric analysis and visualization analysis.ResultsA total of 2,397 articles were included. In the past decade, there has been a consistent increase in the number of publications. The countries and institutions with the largest production in this field are the USA and the University of London. Based on the analysis of the total number of citations, centrality, and production, the results show that the most influential journals are PLoS One and Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Keyword co-occurrence analysis and highly cited study analysis are mainly used to analyze research hotspots in the field of music therapy, while the keyword burst analysis is employed to explore frontiers and potential developmental trends. Hot keywords include “interventions”, “anxiety” and “randomized controlled trial”. The burst keywords include “validity”, “preterm infants”, and “mild cognitive impairment”. In the ranking of highly cited study, the top ranked studies are “Music-based interventions in neurological rehabilitation” and “Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients”.ConclusionIn the past decade, the research focus in music therapy was the effect of music therapy on neurological diseases and the improvement of psychological symptoms such as pain and anxiety. The neurophysiological mechanisms that bring about these therapeutic effects need to be future researched.
Overgeneralization of conditioned fear in patients with social anxiety disorder
Authors: Lee YoonJi Irene , Lee Dasom , Kim Haena , Kim Min Joo , Jeong Heekyoung , Kim Dongseob , Glotzbach-Schoon Evelyn , Choi Soo-Hee 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWhile abnormal responses to threat, including overgeneralization to conditioned fear, have been postulated to play a critical role in pathological anxiety, the relevance of previous findings to social anxiety disorder (SAD) is unclear. We investigated conditioned and generalized fear responses in patients with SAD using socially relevant stimuli.MethodsA total of 26 patients with SAD and 25 healthy controls participated in a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm consisting of two neutral faces as conditioned stimuli (CS+ or CS−) and an angry face with contemptuous comments as unconditioned stimuli. Eight morphed faces of two conditioned stimuli in each continuum were given to test generalization. Behavioral data and physiological responses were acquired.ResultsSuccessful conditioning was observed in the risk ratings for both groups, while only a marginal indication of conditioning was noted in physiological measures. During the generalization phase, patients rated the risk higher than CS− when the stimuli close to CS− contained a portion of CS+ features. Larger skin conductance responses to this stimulus were linked to higher fear of negative evaluation. In addition, patients spent a longer time evaluating safe and ambiguous stimuli than healthy controls and exhibited consistently high levels of subjective arousal.DiscussionTaken together, our findings suggest that SAD patients may exhibit a tendency towards overgeneralization of fear responses and show distinct patterns in processing generalized threat stimuli compared to healthy controls. Even though overgeneralization was not evident in physiological measures, it is necessary to consider this behavioral characteristic in the clinical management of patients with SAD.
Predictors of functioning in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: the role of negative symptoms and neurocognition
Authors: Li Yanhui , Ang Mei San , Yee Jie Yin , See Yuen Mei , Lee Jimmy 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPredictors of functioning are well-studied in schizophrenia, but much less so in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). In this study, we aim to investigate contributions of schizophrenia symptom domains and neurocognition to predict functioning in a TRS population (n = 146). MethodsParticipants were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), to calculate scores for five symptom factors (Positive, Negative, Cognitive, Depressive and Hostility) and two negative symptom constructs (Diminished Expressivity (DE), and Social Anhedonia (SA) as part of the Motivation and Pleasure-related dimension), based on a previously validated model, modified in accordance with EPA guidelines on negative symptoms assessment. Neurocognition was assessed with symbol coding and digit sequencing tasks from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Functioning was assessed with the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), employment status and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Multiple regression analyses were performed on psychopathology scores and BACS scores against all three measures of functioning, controlling for age and sex. For WHODAS, regression with PANSS scores of significant symptom factors were also performed.ResultsA lower severity of negative symptoms in the SA dimension was the strongest predictor of higher functioning across all three functioning measures. Neurocognition, in particular processing speed and attention assessed on the symbol coding task, predicted employment. A lower severity of somatic concerns and depressive symptoms was associated with lesser self-reported disability on WHODAS.DiscussionThis study represents a first attempt at elucidating significant predictors of functioning in TRS. We highlight negative symptoms and neurocognition as important treatment targets to improve functioning in TRS, consistent with previous studies in general schizophrenia.
Effects of intra- and inter-day temperature change on acute upper respiratory infections among college students, assessments of three temperature change indicators
Authors: Jiang Feng , Wang Rensong , Yang Yongli , Jia Xiaocan , Ma Leying , Yuan Mengyang , Liu Kangkang , Bao Junzhe 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAcute upper respiratory infection (AURI) is a significant disease affecting all age groups worldwide. The differences in the impacts of different temperature change indicators, such as diurnal temperature range (DTR), temperature variation (TV), and temperature change between neighboring days (TCN), on AURI morbidity, are not clear.MethodsWe collected data on 87,186 AURI patients during 2014–2019 in Zhengzhou. Distributed lag non-linear model was adopted to examine the effects of different temperature change indicators on AURI. We calculated and compared the attributable fractions (AF) of AURI morbidity caused by various indicators. We used stratified analysis to investigate the modification effects of season and gender.ResultsWith the increase in DTR and TV, the risk of AURI tended to increase; the corresponding AF values (95% eCI) higher than the references (5% position of the DTR or TV distribution) were 24.26% (15.46%, 32.05%), 23.10% (15.59%, 29.20%), and 19.24% (13.90%, 24.63%) for DTR, TV0 − 1, and TV0 − 7, respectively. The harmful effects of TCN on AURI mainly occurred when the temperature dropped (TCN &lt; 0), and the AF value of TCN below the reference (0°C) was 3.42% (1.60%, 5.14%). The harm of DTR and TV were statistically significant in spring, autumn and winter, but not in summer, while the harm of TCN mainly occurred in winter. Three indicators have statistically significant effects on both males and females.ConclusionsHigh DTR and TV may induce AURI morbidity, while the harm of TCN occurs when the temperature drops. The impacts of DTR and TV on AURI are higher than that of TCN, and the impact of few-day TV is higher than that of multi-day TV. The adverse effects of DTR and TV are significant except in summer, while the hazards of TCN mainly occur in winter.
Incidencia de la biblioterapia en el estado emocional del adulto mayor
Authors: Arteaga Zambrano Jonathan Javier , Sánchez Rivera María Teresa , Navia Bravo Carla María , Cobacango Villavicencio Jenny Giselle 
Published: August 2024

La Biblioterapia ha evolucionado como un método de apoyo para individuos que enfrentan trastornos físicos, emocionales o familiares. Un ejemplo destacado son los pacientes hospitalizados, donde la Biblioterapia se ha utilizado como una forma de rehabilitación desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, especialmente con soldados con secuelas de guerra. En el caso de adultos mayores, esta práctica ha demostrado beneficios a lo largo del tiempo, requiriendo constancia y una evaluación precisa para un desarrollo efectivo. Proporciona un espacio para el crecimiento emocional y la generación de nuevas ideas. El objetivo general del artículo es establecer talleres de Biblioterapia para mejorar el estado anímico de los adultos mayores en el programa de la Fundación Social Cristo Rey. El estudio se basa en un enfoque descriptivo con un enfoque mixto. Para lograr esto, se empleó el análisis de información en la revisión bibliográfica y el método analítico-sintético. Se utilizaron encuestas con los 30 adultos mayores y entrevistas con especialistas a través de cuestionarios, seguido por el diseño de acciones. La implementación del programa de biblioterapia en la Fundación Social Cristo Rey mejora significativamente el estado emocional de los adultos mayores, reduciendo la ansiedad y depresión, aumentando el bienestar y la satisfacción personal, y fomentando la socialización y las estrategias de afrontamiento.
Chymase Activity in Plasma and Urine Extracellular Vesicles in Primary Hypertension
Authors: Ahmad Sarfaraz , Deep Gagan , Punzi Henry A. , Su Yixin , Singh Sangeeta , Kumar Ashish , Mishra Shalini , Saha Amit K. , Wright Kendra N. , VonCannon Jessica L. , Dell’Italia Louis J. , Meredith Wayne J. , Ferrario Carlos M. 
Published: August 2024

Key Points

Blood and urine extracellular vesicles isolated from hypertensive patients possess high chymase enzymatic activity.Chymase activity was significantly higher in small extracellular vesicles obtained from hypertensive patients with suboptimal BP control.

Background
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry protected cargoes of nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. In this study, we identified and validated the surface proteins and enzymatic activity of chymase, angiotensin converting enzymes 1 (ACE) and 2 (ACE2), and neprilysin (NEP) in EVs isolated from the blood and urine of primary hypertensive patients.

Methods
Peripheral venous blood and spot urine from 34 hypertensive patients were processed to isolate plasma and urinary EVs. Immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy validated the presence of the exosomal marker protein CD63 on the surface of plasma and urinary EVs. Flow cytometry characterized plasma and urinary EVs for CD63, CD9, and CD81 surface markers. In addition, exosomal CD63, TSG101, and Alix were analyzed in urine by western blotting. Urinary EVs did not express the endoplasmic reticulum protein calnexin and Golgi protein GM130. Chymase, ACE, ACE2, and NEP activities on 125I substrates—angiotensin-(1–12) (Ang-[1–12]) and angiotensin II—(1 nmol/L each) were quantified by HPLC. Data were analyzed based on whether the patient's BP was controlled (group 1: <140/80 mm Hg) or noncontrolled (group 2: ≥140/80 mm Hg).

Results
Chymase activity on Ang-(1–12) was significantly higher in plasma and urinary EVs than in ACE, ACE2, and NEP. In addition, chymase activity in urine EVs was more than three-fold higher than in plasma EVs. Chymase activity increased in plasma and urine EVs retrieved from group 2 patients. No comparable differences were found in the enzymatic activities of ACE, ACE2, and NEP urinary EVs between group 1 and group 2.

Conclusions
These studies reveal a differential enzymatic activity of renin angiotensin system enzymes in plasma and urine EVs isolated from hypertensive patients. Demonstrating a comparatively high chymase enzymatic activity in EVs expands a previously documented finding of increased plasma Ang-(1–12) in hypertensive patients.