bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of humic acid onto a kaolinitic clay studied by high-resolution argon adsorption volumetry
Authors: Saada A. , Gaboriau H. , Cornu S. , Bardot F. , Villiéras F. , Croué J . P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe mechanisms governing the adsorption of a commercial humic acid (HA) on a kaolinitic clay were determined. The amount of HA fixed increased with the ionic strength of the medium and the presence of divalent ions (Ca2+). The effect of Ca2+ is due to its ability to establish (1) intramolecular bridges causing condensation of the HA, and (2) intermolecular bridges between the clay and the HA. A stable clay-humic complex containing only the fraction of HA that withstands washing with water was prepared and characterized by high-resolution Ar adsorption volumetry. The overall results show that (1) HA interacts strongly with the basal surfaces of the clay, (2) Ca serves to establish Ca2+ bridges between HA and clay, and (3) HA and clay interact via at least two distinct adsorption mechanisms.
Contrast enhanced computed tomography is indicative for angiogenesis pattern and display prognostic significance in breast cancer
Authors: Li Jianyi , Zhang Yang , Zhang Wenhai , Gao Yang , Jia Shi , Guo Jiao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Prognostic value of microvessel density in cancer remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that the uneven distribution of microvessels in tumours caused the variation in sample selection which led to different prognostic outcome. The enhancement pattern of Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is determined in part by the microvessel distribution in solid tumors. Therefore, survival analysis of tumors grouping by the enhancement pattern and the pattern of microvessel distribution is important.MethodsSurvival analysis grouped by the tumor enhancement pattern and the microvessel distribution was carried out in 255 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma.ResultsThere were significant differences in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among the homogeneous, heterogeneous and peripheral enhancement groups. There were significant differences between OS and DFS groups with uniform and uneven distributions of microvessels.ConclusionsThe distribution of microvessels in a tumor is a potential prognostic indicator in patients with breast cancer, and can be assessed by CECT prior the operation.
Joint source and relay design for MIMO multi-relay systems using projected gradient approach
Authors: Toding Apriana , Khandaker Muhammad RA , Rong Yue 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we develop the optimal source precoding matrix and relay amplifying matrices for non-regenerative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay communication systems with parallel relay nodes using the projected gradient (PG) approach. We show that the optimal relay amplifying matrices have a beamforming structure. Exploiting the structure of relay matrices, an iterative joint source and relay matrices optimization algorithm is developed to minimize the mean-squared error (MSE) of the signal waveform estimation at the destination using the PG approach. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Glucocorticoids promote neural progenitor cell proliferation derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ninomiya Eiichi , Hattori Taeka , Toyoda Masashi , Umezawa Akihiro , Hamazaki Takashi , Shintaku Haruo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used for treating and preventing chronic lung disease and circulatory dysfunction in premature infants. However, there is growing concern about the detrimental effects of systemic GC administration on neurodevelopment. The first choice of GCs to minimize the adverse effects on the developing brain is still under debate. We investigated the effect of commonly used GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX), betamethasone (BET) and hydrocortisone (HDC) on the proliferation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs). In this study, NPCs were treated with various concentrations of GCs and subjected to cell proliferation assays. Furthermore, we quantified the number of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) positive neurons in NPCs by immunostaining. All GCs promoted NPC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. We also confirmed that MAP2-positive neurons in NPCs increased upon GC treatment. However, differential effects of GCs on MAP2 positive neurons were observed when we treated NPCs with H2O2. The total numbers of NPCs increased upon any GC treatment even under oxidative conditions but the numbers of MAP2 positive neurons increased only by HDC treatment. GCs promoted human iPSCsâ€“derived NPC proliferation and the differential effects of GCs became apparent under oxidative stress. Our results may support HDC as the preferred choice over DEX and BET to prevent adverse effects on the developing human brain.
Water mass transport through the northern Bashi Channel in the northeastern South China Sea affects copepod assemblages of the Luzon Strait
Authors: Lo Wen-Tseng , Dahms Hans-Uwe , Hwang Jiang-Shiou 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
It is controversial to what extent the intrusion of the Kuroshio Branch Current to the Luzon Strait and the South China Sea circulation can shape copepod assemblages around southern Taiwan. We tested the hypothesis that currents such as the Kuroshio Current bring marine zooplankton and copepods from subtropical and tropical waters to the south of Taiwan. We studied copepod assemblages from the Bashi Channel in the northeastern South China Sea at the coast of southwest Taiwan during early October 1996.

Results
A total of 77 copepod species were identified from 34 genera that included calanoids, cyclopoids, harpacticoids, and poecilostomatoids. Several indicator species suggest that the study area is highly influenced by water masses from the northern South China Sea as well as from the Kuroshio Current. Acrocalanus gracilis (Paracalanidae, Calanoida) was most abundant (with a relative abundance (RA) of 22.07 and an occurrence rate (OR) of 100%), followed by Paracalanus aculeatus (Paracalanidae, Calanoida) and Oncaea venusta (Cyclopoida). The stations close to the Kuroshio Current showed a higher species diversity (H') and a higher species richness with 3.9 to 4.6 at moderate abundance, whereas station 11 showed lowest species diversity (H') with (2.1), accompanied by the far lowest species number (14) and abundance (880 ind./100 m3).

Conclusions
Several indicator species suggest that the study area is highly influenced by water masses from the northern South China Sea as well as from the Kuroshio Current.
Bone Mass and Hormone Analysis in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury:
Evidence for a Gonadal Axis Disruption
Authors: Gaspar Alexandra Passos , Brandão Cynthia M. A. , Lazaretti-Castro Marise 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Context:
Bone loss is a constant finding in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objective:
We sought to evaluate potential modifiable factors that could lead to bone loss in complete motor paraplegia by examining gonadal axis hormones, vitamin D status, and bone markers.

Design:
This is a cross sectional.

Setting:
It includes SCI Outpatient.

Patients and other Participants:
Twenty-nine chronic male patients with SCI were compared with 17 age-matched, able-bodied men.

Main Outcome Measure:
The bone mineral density (BMD) of lower limbs and lumbar spine were measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Parathormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), and sexual hormone were measured.

Results:
Patients with SCI had lower BMD at the inferior limbs sites. CTX showed an inverse relationship with the time since injury. Patients had lower free T levels (SCI, 12.00 ± 2.91 vs controls, 19.51 ± 5.72; P ≤ .001), and the majority (72%) had normal/low levels of gonadotropins. Low T, however, was not related to low bone mass in patients with SCI. In the controls, the 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with the T and with the lumbar spine BMD, but these correlations were not observed in the SCI.

Conclusions:
Impairment of testicular function after SCI was indicated by the low levels of T and the loss of correlation between T and 25(OH)D levels; this correlation was present in the able-bodied controls. Inappropriate levels of gonadotropins were identified in most patients, featuring a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and suggesting a disruption of the pituitary-gonadal axis. T concentrations might not be an effective target for bone loss therapy.
Crossing thresholds: Hospitality and professionalism in Aotearoa New Zealand social work
Authors: Cockburn-Wootten Cheryl , Brewis Joanna 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article aims to offer a consideration of hospitality in organizations, occupations and thresholds to illustrate the sociocultural dimensions of hospitality spaces. Our aim is to open up thinking around spaces of hospitality offered by organizational members, particularly those employees who work with the vulnerable ‘other’, across thresholds into homes and organizational spaces. Community social workers illustrate the practice of hospitality as they offer advocacy and inclusion for those individuals excluded from the wider community. The move towards professionalism has been argued as one way of establishing value, authority and confidence in the role of the community social worker and the decisions these individuals make in their work. However, critics have indicated that professionalism emphasizes practices of ideological control, norms and exclusion, in effect undermining key social work values, ethos and practice. Our results illustrate that community social workers developed asymmetric relationships of trust within their community and negotiated with other organizational members in order to create spaces for their work and inclusion.
Unwelcome guests: Hospitality, asylum seekers and art at the 19th Biennale of Sydney
Authors: Stephens Murdoch , Te Ao Shannon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article gives the background to the controversy around the 19th Biennale of Sydney as a way of discussing issues of hospitality and the unwelcome guest. Specifically, we contrast the figure of the asylum seeker as the unwelcome guest in Australia with the activists and artists who co-opted and reframed the Biennale. Our account draws from our mutual experiences as: a refugee advocate who was the guest in the original artist’s space; and a New Zealand artist invited to the festival. The article first offers a background to the Biennale, Transfield and the controversy. We then reproduce ‘The animals and the rulers’, Murdoch’s text that was included in Shannon’s portion of the exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. We will then go into more depth on the conceptual and methodological thinking behind the text. Finally, Shannon reflects on the experience of being a foreign guest caught up in the controversy and trying to respond in a highly charged environment.
Die gute Regel als Weg des guten Lebens
Authors: Rendtorff Trutz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Present discussions regarding »prominent« ethical issues time and again focus on the question whether firm ethical and religious beliefs should be privileged vis a vis the democratic rules of the distribution of power and the formation of majorities. The »ethics of the structure of power« teach us to consider the seemingly only formal rules to be »good«, for they allow to have open discussions between different views of»the good life«. The distinction between these two realms of»good« pose a problern to religious ethics and need to be considered in the ethics of democracy.
Soziobiologie und Ethik
Authors: Engels Eve-Marie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author discusses the question, if sociobiology can be relevant for the conceptual foundations of ethics. She comes to the conclusion that sociobiology cannot reduce the meaning of moral terms to that of sociobiological discourse, but that sociobiology might nevertheless be able to shed light on the complex phenomenon of morality by demonstrating the presence of traces of our evolutionary past in our behavior. Thereby sociobiology might be relevant for elucidating the relation between »can« and »ought«, that is, for the question of practicability of moral norms.
Schöpfung und Schöpfungsethik
Authors: Deuser Hermann 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
American philosophy of religion (seit., of pragmatism and process) makes possible a theological cosmology which allows us to conceive a foundation for the reality ofthe symbolism ofGod and creation, the processual integration of subject-object perspectives, the connections between nature and spirit, and those between faith and action. This raises the possibility of amending the deficit in the German theological tradition as regards theology of creation, that is, as the presupposition for a necessary ethics of creation. Constitutive factors in this connection are the christological elements of the love of God which are made concrete via faith, thought, and act in a metaphysically and evolutionistically understood world-process.
Die Identität eines Christenmenschen – Im Anschluß an Paulus
Authors: Breytenbach Cilliers 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this Germantranslation of an essay published 1988 in Afrikaans, the South African author criticizes the views ofthe influential Dutch Reformed New Testament scholar, E. P. Groenewald. In 1947 Groenewald published an essay on the nature ofthe Early Church and Pauline theology, in an effort to justify apartheid ideologically. The views expressed in that essay are still alive among concervatives in the DRC. From the perspective of Pauline soteriology, so Breytenbach argues, Apartheid is principally incompatible with Christian baptism.
Zur Embryonenforschung aus evangelischer Sicht
Authors: Schubart Hartwig von 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A wider than just a biological approach to the human embryo provides a relational perception of it, which may open a dialogue between those who plead for the protection of the embryo and those who seek to help their patients with therapies developed through embryo research. According to all german speaking protestant churches and theologians riskful research on human embryos shall be prohibited, some theologians however concede, that for high ranking therapeutical goals the law should provide an exception. The author shows that it is impossible to define any therapeutical goals unless one allows non-therapeutical research in advance. This dilemma so far is unsolved
Die Zwei-Reiche-Lehre bei John Locke
Authors: Zimmermann Gunter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Expecting the imminent triumph of religious and political absolutism Locke tries, in »A Letter concerning Toleration«, to define the true Christian and the true church. He invites his readers to differentiale between civil goverment and religious communities. A church is a voluntary association, the members of which are hold together by the common hope of salvation. In this association there is no need for power and force, which are necessary in civil government. Pursuing this theme in a subtile way Locke develops the reformatorical doctrine of the two kingdoms.
Menschenwürde als das Menschenrecht - Zur Grundlegung eines theologischen Begriffs des Rechts
Authors: Koch Traugott 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
On the basic of a critique of the conventional theological ethic it is shown that the unconditional dignity of every human being, independent of status, thought and religion is grounded theologically in the freedom offaith. Human dignity, however, is wholly inconceivable ifit does not include the right oflife and human rights for every human being also. From this principle a theological term of modern )formal< law is developed and a critical comment is given on the current debate on the various charters of human rights
Ethische Aspekte der Kapitalismus-Deutung Max Webers
Authors: Barth Ulrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Weber's analysis of capitalism evolved in arguing against Marx's theory. It claims no less than giving a better account of modern capitalism, historically, as weil as categorially, than Marx himself. As a sociological theory of economy, based on an analytical theory ofhuman action, it also offers an approach to a critical ethics of the capitalist economy, which, after the self-induced end of socialism, has become an issue of greater urgency than ever before
Von der »Brüderlichkeit« zur Gerechtigkeitstheorie von John Rawls: Eine Vermittlung von Ethik und Wirtschaft
Authors: Kaiser Helmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
As economic actions generate questions about justice ( =ethically relevant fact), the duty of economicethical reflection consists in contributing to the search for answers to these questions. Justice is a complex ethical term, therefore the question for the ))right« idea of justice needs to asked. In doing so we give reasons for our view that justice cannot be defined without considering aspects of solidarity, thus emphasizing a specific perspective within theological ethics. Thereby we discuss interpretations of justice in utilitarianism als well as J. Rawls's theory of justice, which succeeds in making the principle of brotherliness ( = element of Christian tradition) more tangible. Therefore this paper considers a topical economic-ethical problern - justice with or without aspects of solidarity?; the relation between teleology an deontology? and - offers at the same time a mediation ( = equivalence of both disciplines) between ( theological) ethics an economics which is argumentative al weil as furthering understanding und dialogue
»Wucher muß sein, aber wehe den Wucherern«
Authors: Wieland Josef 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article examines Luther's conception of Economy and Economics. The analysis shows a paradoxially structured religious communication about economic problems (inflation, interest). This form of communication serves to keep contingency available within the economic system. Together with reason, conscience and belief the awareness of contingency is a presupposition of reasonable economical decisions. The most important conclusion is that the relationship of these aspects of action- as discussed by Lutheris also a majorproblern in the contemporary discussion of business and economics effects
Vernunftbegründung und biblische Begründung in der Ethik
Authors: Demmer Klaus 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Ecumenical dialogue in the field of Theological Ethics needs a reflection upon the underlying »Denkforrn«. The present article tries to shed light on recent developments in Catholic Moral Theology insofar as naturallaw and scriptural argument are concerned. Its proper purpose is to show that both foundations of moral judgment are undergirded by theological presuppositions like as christological anthropology and theology of justification.
Vernunftbegründung in der Ethik
Authors: Frey Christofer 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This contribution to a colloquy of Roman-catholic moral theologians and Protestant teachers of ethics challenges the simple juxtaposition of reasonable and biblical foundation of norms and moral systems. The hypothesis of this paper however, presupposes, that >foundation< implies more than a simple deduction from a general point of view or a formal (but a posteriori) Iegitimation of single norms by the principle of universalizability, but it includes transeendental considerations- concerning the problern of human freedom- and the regulating idea of a communion by consensus, integrated into basic perspectives ofconduct oflife. Biblical points ofview regulating ethical systems presuppose such perspectives. Appeals to reason in Protestant ethics transport questions and ideas of the natural-law-tradition even in systems which are deeply linked with a theology of revelation. If this analysis indicates correctly the present situation of Protestant ethics at least in Germany, the often assumed antagonism of a humanist and reason-oriented ethics on the one hand and a heteronomaus ethics relying on revelation on the other tends to be delusive.
Ethische Rechenschaft als Praxis der Freiheit
Authors: Ulrich Hans G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The procedure of ethical justification constitutes the focus for the question of how ethics becomes concrete. This very procedure seems also to be the crystallizing focus on an ernerging tradition in theological ethics. lt neither refers to a »good« reality, nor does it presuppose an ethics on unconditional imperatives. Rather, it belongs to an ethics of creatureliness, which is practiced explicitly as an inherent element of our life with God. The crucial marks of a moraljustification in accordance with this practice of >)life with God« can be concretely described. They are the marks of a Christian freedom which is constituted by the very practice this article talked about.
Kirchenstruktur und »christliche Moral«
Authors: Eid Volker 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Communicative actionist relevant in two senses: (a) It is a constitutive aspect for the actual shaping of moral, (b) it is indispensable for the development ofpersonal moral conviction. Dealing with this subject, the consequences for Christian ethics are as follows: (a) Moral opinions only can work out and develop in the communicative interaction of Christian community, (b) the participation of the members of community is a condition of personal mediation between Christian faith and moral opionion.
Spannungsfelder der Wirtschaftsethik
Authors: Büseher Martin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
What is economic ethics? Instead of delivering simple answers to that manyfold topic it is necessary- as a good doctor does before therapy - to thoroughly look at the conditions, influences and dimensions of a given problem. Thus it is crucial to investigate for the different perspectives of scientific disciplines involved, the understanding of reality, rationality, responsibility, the specific conditions for ethics and economic structures, the specific background of ethics and science in the advanced industrial society. At the time being there are more questions and new horizons to connect than answers.
Eigennutz, Gemeinwohl, Solidarität - Zur anthropologischen Grundlegung der Wirtschaft
Authors: Kaiser Helmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In social market economy as well as in the theory of economics the basic model used to explain human behaviour is methodological individualism which defines man as an individualistic species who rationally calculates his selfinterests. We support the thesis that this anthropological premiss is in need of a thorough revision if we want to find solutions for current problems like social injustice or the destruction of our environment. It is therefore necessary to convert methodological individualism as the dominantmodeland self-interest as an anthropological disposition into the anthropological premiss of solidarity as principle for human individualization. This paper substantiates sucharequest and demonstrates it tobe specific for theological ethics of economy.
Der Einfluß der Religion auf Politik und Gesellschaft in Afrika
Authors: Sundermeier Theo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author explains four patterns concerning the relation between the church and the political institutions in Afrika. Thesepatterns have be seen against the background ofthe original Ontocratic unity in premale societies, which all rulers in Africa favorite in an hidden way. Colonialism promotes the separation between political and religious life, nationalism, however, restores the unity. In South-Afrika a prophetic dualism is turning against the theocratic ideology of the Boers. All in all a relation of criticalloyality is coming into existence in Africa.