bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Dissection of Hurthle Cell Carcinoma Reveals a Unique Class of Thyroid Malignancy
Authors: Ganly Ian , Ricarte Filho Julio , Eng Stephanie , Ghossein Ronald , Morris Luc G. T. , Liang Yupu , Socci Nicholas , Kannan Kasthuri , Mo Qianxing , Fagin James A. , Chan Timothy A. 
Published: March 2013

Context:Hurthle cell cancer (HCC) is an understudied cancer with poor prognosis.Objective:Our objective was to elucidate the genomic foundations of HCC.Design and Setting:We conducted a large-scale integrated analysis of mutations, gene expression profiles, and copy number alterations in HCC at a single tertiary-care cancer institution.Methods:Mass spectrometry-based genotyping was used to interrogate hot spot point mutations in the most common thyroid oncogenes: BRAF, RET, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, PIK3CA, MAP2K1, and AKT1. In addition, common oncogenic fusions of RET and NTRK1 as well as PAX8/PPARγ and AKAP9-BRAF were also assessed by RT-PCR. Global copy number changes and gene expression profiles were determined in the same tumor set as the mutational analyses.Results:We report that the mutational, transcriptional, and copy number profiles of HCC were distinct from those of papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer, indicating HCC to be a unique type of thyroid malignancy. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression showed the 3 groups of Hurthle tumors (Hurthle cell adenoma [HA], minimally invasive Hurthle cell carcinoma [HMIN], and widely invasive Hurthle cell carcinoma [HWIDE] clustered separately with a marked difference between HWIDE and HA. Global copy number analysis also indicated distinct subgroups of tumors that may arise as HWIDE and HMIN. Molecular pathways that differentiate HA from HWIDE included the PIK3CA-Akt-mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, potentially providing a rationale for new targets for this type of malignancy.Conclusions:Our data provide evidence that HCC may be a unique thyroid cancer distinct from papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.
Variations in the Size of the Major Omentum Are Primarily Determined by Fat Cell Number
Authors: Arner Peter , Andersson Daniel Peter , Thörne Anders , Wirén Mikael , Hoffstedt Johan , Näslund Erik , Thorell Anders , Rydén Mikael 
Published: March 2013

Objective:
Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly linked to insulin resistance. Variations in the size of any adipose depot are determined by alterations in adipocyte volume and/or number. The individual contribution of each of the latter factors was determined in the major omentum, a fully resectable VAT depot.

Subjects:
Total removal of the major omentum (omentectomy) was performed in conjunction with bariatric surgery in 55 obese patients. Tissue weight as well as mean adipocyte size and number in the omentum were determined. In subgroups, total VAT was estimated by computerized tomography (n = 17) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n = 34).

Results:
The weight of the major omentum (on average 0.6 kg) correlated significantly with total VAT mass estimated by computerized tomography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (r = 0.48-0.7; P &lt; .01). Omental weight in relation to total body fat correlated with several features of the metabolic syndrome and inversely with serum-leptin (P &lt; .001). Mean adipocyte size and total adipocyte number correlated strongly with omental weight (r = 0.6-0.8; P &lt; .0001), irrespective of body mass index and total body fat mass, and accounted almost in total for interindividual variations in omental size. However, stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that adipocyte number was significantly (P &lt; .0001) more important (62%) than adipocyte size (35%).

Conclusion:
The size of the major omentum is representative for VAT mass and correlates with a pernicious metabolic profile. Variations in omental weight are primarily determined by adipocyte number and to a lesser degree by adipocyte size, suggesting that increased VAT mass in obesity is predominantly dependent on adipocyte proliferation.
Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins Are Regulators of the NIS Gene in Thyroid Cells
Authors: Ringseis Robert , Rauer Christine , Rothe Susanne , Gessner Denise K. , Schütz Lisa-Marie , Luci Sebastian , Wen Gaiping , Eder Klaus 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe uptake of iodide into the thyroid, an essential step in thyroid hormone synthesis, is an active process mediated by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). Despite its strong dependence on TSH, the master regulator of the thyroid, the NIS gene was also reported to be regulated by non-TSH signaling pathways. In the present study we provide evidence that the rat NIS gene is subject to regulation by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which were initially identified as master transcriptional regulators of lipid biosynthesis and uptake. Studies in FRTL-5 thyrocytes revealed that TSH stimulates expression and maturation of SREBPs and expression of classical SREBP target genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and uptake. Almost identical effects were observed when the cAMP agonist forskolin was used instead of TSH. In TSH receptor-deficient mice, in which TSH/cAMP-dependent gene regulation is blocked, the expression of SREBP isoforms in the thyroid was markedly reduced when compared with wild-type mice. Sterol-mediated inhibition of SREBP maturation and/or RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SREBPs reduced expression of NIS and NIS-specific iodide uptake in FRTL-5 cells. Conversely, overexpression of active SREBPs caused a strong activation of the 5′-flanking region of the rat NIS gene mediated by binding to a functional SREBP binding site located in the 5′-untranslated region of the rat NIS gene. These findings show that TSH acts as a regulator of SREBP expression and maturation in thyroid epithelial cells and that SREBPs are novel transcriptional regulators of NIS.
Approximations for Monotone and Nonmonotone Submodular Maximization with Knapsack Constraints
Authors: Kulik Ariel , Shachnai Hadas , Tamir Tami 
Published: March 2013

Submodular maximization generalizes many fundamental problems in discrete optimization, including Max-Cut in directed/undirected graphs, maximum coverage, maximum facility location, and marketing over social networks. In this paper we consider the problem of maximizing any submodular function subject to d knapsack constraints, where d is a fixed constant. We establish a strong relation between the discrete problem and its continuous relaxation, obtained through extension by expectation of the submodular function. Formally, we show that, for any nonnegative submodular function, an α-approximation algorithm for the continuous relaxation implies a randomized (α − ε)-approximation algorithm for the discrete problem. We use this relation to obtain an (e−1 − ε)-approximation for the problem, and a nearly optimal (1 − e−1 − ε)-approximation ratio for the monotone case, for any ε > 0. We further show that the probabilistic domain defined by a continuous solution can be reduced to yield a polynomial-size domain, given an oracle for the extension by expectation. This leads to a deterministic version of our technique.
Depression Ratings and Antidepressant Use among Outpatient Heart Failure Patients: Implications for the Screening and Treatment of Depression
Authors: Jiménez Jessica A. , Redwine Laura L. , Rutledge Thomas R. , Dimsdale Joel E. , Pung Meredith A. , Ziegler Michael G. , Greenberg Barry H. , Mills Paul J. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of antidepressant use among heart failure (HF) outpatients. Methods: Self-reported data on antidepressant use, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) ratings, and demographics, as well as HF diagnosis severity, was collected from 218 New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classes I–IV HF outpatients (mean age 57.29 years). Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms (BDI ⩾ 10) was 43.1% ( n = 94); 23.4% had a prior diagnosis of depression. Thirty-three percent of patients were taking antidepressants but, despite this treatment, 64% still showed at least mild-moderate depressive symptoms (BDI ⩾ 10) compared to 34% of patients not currently receiving antidepressants ( p = 0.05). When asked if their mood had improved as a result of antidepressant therapy, 45% reported responses ranging from “halfway back to normal” to no improvement at all; BDI scores were related to self-reports of how well antidepressant therapy affected patient's mood ( p < .01). Among patients receiving antidepressants (primarily SSRIs), 26% did not have a formal depression diagnosis prior to receiving antidepressants, and 39.1% reported never having had a dose adjustment in antidepressant medication. Similar numbers of patients were prescribed antidepressants by primary care physicians as mental health providers, while much fewer cardiologists prescribed antidepressants. Conclusions: Findings provide insight into practice and provider patterns related to antidepressant use in HF. HF patients treated with antidepressants still show high rates of depressed mood, and follow-up and monitoring of effectiveness of antidepressant therapy needs attention. Effective treatment of depression could support improved clinical outcomes and better quality of life for HF patients.
Variable Clinical Presentations of Secondary Delusional Infestation: An Experience of Six Cases from a Psychodermatology Clinic
Authors: Altunay Ilknur K. , Ates Bilge , Mercan Sibel , Demirci Gulsen Tukenmez , Kayaoglu Semra 
Published: March 2013

Objective: Delusional Infestation (DI) is a relatively rare condition with a fixed belief of being infested with living organisms, despite a lack of medical evidence of such infestation. Although it seems to be a psychiatric disease, patients commonly are admitted to dermatology clinics because of skin findings. Psychiatrists can underestimate its prevalance, whereas dermatologists can miss the diagnosis. It should be managed as a psychodermato-logical disease. Our aim in the study was to evaluate six patients with different clinical presentations of DI and to emphasize some clinical features. Method: All patients were internalized in the psychodermatology clinic for this study. Medical history and clinical data from dermatologic and psychiatric examinations were noted; Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) and laboratory investigations including blood and urine analyses, microscopic analysis of so-called pathogens, and skin biopsy if needed, were performed. The diagnosis was made based on detailed history, dermatologic and psychiatric examinations, and laboratory investigations. Results: All patients had symptoms of itching, burning, or crawling sensations dermatologically and thus were admitted to dermatology clinic. They were all considered secondary DI to another medical condition or to psychiatric illness. Vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes, and hypothyroidism were the underlying medical conditions. Related psychiatric illnesses were trichotillomania and schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, shared pychotic disorder, and brief psychotic disorder. Two patients had delusions of inanimate materials; four patients had partial and complete remissions; and two patients have dropped out. Conclusion: Each patient had different clinical characteristics creating diagnostic challenges. All complaints were related to the infestation of the skin. The presence of different psychiatric comorbidities is remarkable. It seems that both psychiatrists and dermatologists can face diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this complex disease in clinical settings, particularly if there are unusual clinical features of DI. Therefore, both psychiatrists and dermatologists should be well aware of DI.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a Nigerian Boy Presenting as Depression: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Adebayo Kazeem Olaide , Gureje Oye , Nuhu Tajudeen Folorunsho 
Published: March 2013

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has been described widely in the Western world as relatively common yet under-recognized, but rarely in Africans and none in Nigeria to the best of our knowledge. Aim: To report a case of BDD in a Nigerian boy presenting with depression to the psychiatric unit of a teaching hospital. Method: A 17-year-old secondary school boy with BDD presenting with depression is reported and relevant literature is reviewed. Conclusion: BDD is rare and hardly reported in this environment and high index of suspicion is necessary in patient presenting with medically unexplained physical complaints and depression.
Book Reviews
Authors: Clarke Ernest , Deutsch Celia , Johnson Matthew , Neelands David , Thaniel George , Haight Roger , Leonard Ellen , Hay J. 
Published: March 2013

J. Alberto Soggin, A History of Ancient Israel. From the Beginnings to the Bar Kochba Revolt, A.D. 135, reviewed by Ernest G. Clarke J. Maxwell Miller and John H. Hayes, A History of Ancient Israel and Judah, reviewed by Ernest G. Clarke H. Jagersma, A History of Israel in the Old Testament Period, reviewed by Ernest G. Clarke Peter Richardson with David Granskou, eds., Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity:Vol. I, Paul and the Gospels, reviewed by Celia Deutsch Cyrille Vogel, Medieval Liturgy: An Introduction to the Sources, reviewed by Matthew Johnson James Gollnick, Flesh as Transformation Symbol in the Theology of Anselm of Canterbury: Historical and Transpersonal Perspectives, reviewed by David Neelands Daniel J. Sahas, Icon and Logos: Sources in Eighth-Century Iconoclasm, reviewed by George Thaniel Schubert M. Ogden, On Theology, reviewed by Roger Haight, S.J. Michael W. Higgins and Douglas R. Letson, eds., Women and the Church: A Sourcebook, reviewed by Ellen Leonard Marie McIntyre, Female and Catholic: A Journal of Mind and Heart, reviewed by Ellen Leonard R. Maurice Boyd, A Lover's Quarrel with the World, reviewed by J.C. Hay
Book Reviews
Authors: Henaut Barry , Steinhauser Michael , McLean Bradley , Wells Harold , Beverly James , Reimer A. , Hutchinson Roger , Hewitt Marsha , Shatzmiller Joseph , Gagan Rosemary , Moody Joseph , Warne R. , Cameron Craig , Fedwick Paul , Clarke Brian , Farris Stephen 
Published: March 2013

Robert W. Funk, Bernard Brandon Scott and James R. Butts, The Parables of Jesus: Red Letter Edition: A Report of The Jesus Seminar, reviewed by Barry W. Henaut Gerald O'Collins, Interpreting the Resurrection.' Examining the Major Problems in the Stories of Jesus' Resurrection, reviewed by Michael G. Steinhauser Stephen Westerholm, Israel's Law and the Church's Faith: Paul and His Recent Interpreters, reviewed by Bradley H. McLean JosephA. Fitzmyer, Paul and His Theology: A Brief Sketch, 2dEd, reviewed by Bradley H. McLean Irving M. Zeitlin, Jesus and the Judaism of His Time, reviewed by Barry W. Henaut John S. Kloppenborg, Q Parallels: Synopsis, Critical Notes and Concordance, reviewed by Michael G. Steinhauser Paul W. Newman, A Spirit Christology: Recovering the Biblical Paradigm of Christian Faith, reviewed by Harold Wells M. James Penton, Apocalypse Delayed, reviewed by James A. Beverley Gregory Baum, Theology and Society, reviewed by A. James Reimer Albert R. Jonsen and Stephen Toulmin, The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning, reviewed by Roger Hutchinson James P. Hanigan, Homosexuality: The Test Case for Christian Sexual Ethics, reviewed by Marsha A. Hewitt Aaron Gurevich, Medieval Popular Culture: Problems of Belief and Perception, reviewed by Joseph Shatzmiller Cyril Hamilton Powles, Victorian Missionaries in M eiji Japan. The Skiba Sect., reviewed by Rosemary Gagan Margaret O'Gara, Triumph in Defeat: lrifallibility, Vatican I, and the French Minority Bishops, reviewed by Joseph N. Moody Thomas P. Socknat, Witness Against War: Pacifism in Canada, 1900—1945, reviewed by R.R. Warne Harry S. Stout, The New England Soul: Preaching and Religious Culture in Colonial New England, reviewed by Craig B. Cameron Caroline Walker Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women, reviewed by Paul J. Fedwick Patrick W. Carey, ed., American Catholic Religious Thought: The Shaping of a Theological and Social Tradition, reviewed by Brian P. Clarke Richard L. Eslinger, A New Hearing: Living Options in Homiletic Method, reviewed by Stephen Farris
Book Reviews
Authors: Clarke E. , Evers John , Brown Schuyler , Cotter Wendy , Cameron Ron , Kloppenborg John , Steinhauser Michael , Thompson Terry , Waddams S. , Crowley Paul , Nicol Iain , Harink Douglas , Vertin Michael , Slater Peter , Lapierre Michael , Starkloff Carl , McArdle Joe , Fritz Maureena , Kuikman Jackie , O'Regan James 
Published: March 2013

J.H. Charlesworth, Jesus within Judaism: New Light from Exciting Archeological Discoveries, reviewed by E.G. Clarke Robert W. Funk, The Poetics of Biblical Narrative, reviewed by John D. Evers E.P. Sanders, ed., Jesus, the Gospels, and the Church: Essays in Honor of William R . Farmer, reviewed by Schuyler Brown Rene Latourelle, The Miracles of Jesus and the Theology of Miracles, reviewed by Wendy J. Cotter Marcus J. Borg, Jesus, A New Vision: Spirit, Culture, and the Life of Discipleship, reviewed by Ron Cameron Halvor Moxnes, The Economy of the Kingdom: Social Conflict and Economic Relations in Luke's Gospel, reviewed by John S. Kloppenborg Eldon Jay Epp and George W. MacRae, eds., The New Testament and Its Modern Interpreters: The Bible and Its Modern Interpreters, reviewed by John S. Kloppenborg Stephen Neill and Tom Wright, The Interpretation of the New Testament, 1861-1986, reviewed by Schuyler Brown W.D. Davies and Dale C. Allison, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel according to Saint Matthew, reviewed by Michael G. Steinhauser G.A. Rawlyk, ed., Canadian Baptists and Christian Higher Education, reviewed by Terry Thompson William Kaplan, State and Salvation: the Jehovah's Witnesses and their fight for civil rights, reviewed by S.M. Waddams Lawrence Cunningham, ed., The Catholic Faith: A Reader, reviewed by Paul G. Crowley Thomas P. Rausch, The Roots of the Catholic Tradition, reviewed by Paul G. Crowley Francis R. Smith, The God Question: A Catholic Approach, reviewed by Paul G. Crowley Joseph C. McLelland, Prometheus Rebound: The Irony of Atheism, reviewed by Iain G. Nicol Michel Despland, Jean-Claude Petit, Jean Richard, eds., Religion et Culture, reviewed by Iain G. Nicol James O. Duke and Robert F. Streetman, eds., Barth and Schleiermacher: Beyond the Impasse?, reviewed by Douglas K. Harink Bernard Lonergan, Collection: Papers by Bernard Lonergan,, reviewed by Michael Vertin David Lochhead, The Dialogical Imperative: A Christian Reflection on Interfaith Encounter, reviewed by Peter Slater Walter Brennan, The Sacred Memory of Mary, reviewed by Michael J. Lapierre William Johnson Everett, God's Federal Republic: Reconstructing Our Governing Symbol, reviewed by Carl F. Starkloff Jean Sulivan, Morning Light: The Spiritual Journal of Jean Sulivan, reviewed by Joe McArdle Grace M. Jantzen, Julian of Norwich, Mystic and Theologian, reviewed by Joe McArdle Rabbi Dow Marmur, Walking Towards Elijah, reviewed by Maureena Fritz Maureena Fritz, The Exodus Experience: A Journey in Prayer, reviewed by Jackie Kuikman Miriam Therese Winter, Why Sing? Toward a Theology of Catholic Church Music, reviewed by James O'Regan
Cathepsin K Is Involved in Development of Psoriasis-like Skin Lesions through TLR-Dependent Th17 Activation
Authors: Hirai Toshitake , Kanda Takashi , Sato Kenji , Takaishi Mikiro , Nakajima Kimiko , Yamamoto Mayuko , Kamijima Reiko , DiGiovanni John , Sano Shigetoshi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Cathepsins (CTSs) are lysosomal cysteine proteases that play an important role in the turnover of intracellular proteins and extracellular proteins, such as the degradation of extracellular matrices and the processing of antigenic proteins. A CTS inhibitor, NC-2300, not only suppresses bone erosion by inhibition of cathepsin K (CTSK), but also ameliorates paw swelling at inflamed joints in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. It has been demonstrated that the amelioration of joint inflammation by NC-2300 is mediated by the downregulation of cytokine expression in dendritic cells, which are essential for Th17 activation. In this work, we studied the role for CTSs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis-like lesion in K5.Stat3C mice, a mouse model of psoriasis, in which Th17 contributes to lesion development similar to psoriasis. Psoriatic lesions expressed increased levels of Ctsk and Ctss mRNA compared with uninvolved skin and normal control skin. Similarly, the epidermis and dermis in K5.Stat3C mice demonstrated increased CTSK activities, which were sensitive to NC-2300. Topical treatment with NC-2300 significantly ameliorated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate–induced psoriasis-like lesions in K5.Stat3C mice, and downregulated the expression of IL-12, IL-23, and Th17 cytokines. In vitro experiments revealed that TLR7 activation of bone marrow–derived myeloid dendritic cells led to increase in IL-23 at mRNA and protein levels, which were downregulated by NC-2300. These results suggest that CTSK plays a role in development of psoriatic lesions through TLR7-dependent Th17 polarization.
Cutting Edge: Allergen-Specific CD4 T Cells Respond Indirectly to Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin To Promote Allergic Responses in the Skin
Authors: Larson Ryan P. , Comeau Michael R. , Ziegler Steven F. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that has been implicated in the initiation of allergic responses. CD4 T cells and dendritic cells are able to respond to TSLP in vitro; however, there has not been a careful dissection of the spatiotemporal response to TSLP by CD4 T cells in vivo during an allergic response. Previous work has suggested a requirement for TSLP in amplifying Th2 responses during allergen challenge by direct action on CD4 T cells; however, these studies did not determine whether there is an effect of TSLP on CD4 T cells during allergen sensitization. In this study we demonstrate an indirect role for TSLP on CD4 T cells during sensitization and challenge phases of an allergic response. This indirect effect of TSLP on CD4 T cells is due in part to the presence of TSLP exclusively in the allergen-sensitized and -challenged skin, rather than the draining lymph nodes.