bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degree Conditions for H-Linked Digraphs
Authors: FERRARA MICHAEL , JACOBSON MICHAEL , PFENDER FLORIAN 
Published: August 2013

Given a (multi)digraph H, a digraph D is H-linked if every injective function ι:V(H) → V(D) can be extended to an H-subdivision. In this paper, we give sharp degree conditions that ensure a sufficiently large digraph D is H-linked for arbitrary H. The notion of an H-linked digraph extends the classes of m-linked, m-ordered and strongly m-connected digraphs.First, we give sharp minimum semi-degree conditions for H-linkedness, extending results of Kühn and Osthus on m-linked and m-ordered digraphs. It is known that the minimum degree threshold for an undirected graph to be H-linked depends on a partition of the (undirected) graph H into three parts. Here, we show that the corresponding semi-degree threshold for H-linked digraphs depends on a partition of H into as many as nine parts.We also determine sharp Ore–Woodall-type degree-sum conditions ensuring that a digraph D is H-linked for general H. As a corollary, we obtain (previously undetermined) sharp degree-sum conditions for m-linked and m-ordered digraphs.
Cancer patients and spiritual experiences: Redefining the self through initiatory ordeals
Authors: Vonarx Nicolas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectives:When one explores the paths that sick people follow in search of meaning and a cure, one is quite likely to encounter religious knowledge and practices. Examining this facet and the spiritual experiences that arise therein leads us to the subject of identity, which systematically comes up as soon as we consider the impact of serious illness on people's lives. We need to follow the identity-building process that occurs in the disease, ruptures, and redefinitions if we are to understand how religious practices and knowledge contribute to the process.Methods:This article discusses these elements using data collected in a qualitative research study of 10 cancer patients, carried out in Québec. Drawing on the sociology of religions, particularly the contemporary transformation of the religious and the spiritual, we attempted to understand the patients' spiritual experiences by focusing on the self-discovery that occurred through the initiatory ordeal of their illness.Results:We observe that these resources are particularly helpful when the patients use them to turn inwards, to pay attention to themselves, to unite the mind and body, to connect with something greater than themselves, and to transform their values so as to develop a new psychosocial version of themselves.Significance of results:Our analysis shows that there is a complementary relationship between religion and illness at the crossroad of the identity-building process. This relevance demands to be attentive to the initiatory process that leads to the self-discovery and a renewal of the relationship with the self.
Prolonged grievers: A qualitative evaluation of a support group intervention
Authors: Friedrichsen Maria , Hajradinovic Yvonne , Jakobsson Maria , Sundberg Lars , Jonsson Monica Axmacher , Milberg Anna 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:The aim of this project was to study prolonged grievers psychosocial processes and experience during participation in a group intervention and 6–8 weeks after discontinuation. The intervention in this study was a group therapy with the aim of getting in contact with their pain and loss and confronting and working with this loss.Methods:Data was collected by using diaries and tape-recorded interviews, analyzed with grounded theory. The participants were 11 females between the ages of 33 and 71.Results:The main process that was found in the qualitative data was: Ambivalence when struggling and learning through work and rest towards a balance. Sub-processes were: To share and be confirmed in the group through sense of cohesion; To dare/venture to discover problems and solutions; To react when you get emotionally involved, and to compare and discover.Significance of results:This study gives insight into prolonged grievers' thinking, which is valuable knowledge. Rather than assuming that all individuals suffering from prolonged grief need the same treatment, we suggest that there should be a range of different therapies.
Bacterial profiling of White Plague Disease in a comparative coral species framework
Authors: Roder Cornelia , Arif Chatchanit , Bayer Till , Aranda Manuel , Daniels Camille , Shibl Ahmed , Chavanich Suchana , Voolstra Christian R 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Coral reefs are threatened throughout the world. A major factor contributing to their decline is outbreaks and propagation of coral diseases. Due to the complexity of coral-associated microbe communities, little is understood in terms of disease agents, hosts and vectors. It is known that compromised health in corals is correlated with shifts in bacterial assemblages colonizing coral mucus and tissue. However, general disease patterns remain, to a large extent, ambiguous as comparative studies over species, regions, or diseases are scarce. Here, we compare bacterial assemblages of samples from healthy (HH) colonies and such displaying signs of White Plague Disease (WPD) of two different coral species (Pavona duerdeni and Porites lutea) from the same reef in Koh Tao, Thailand, using 16S rRNA gene microarrays. In line with other studies, we found an increase of bacterial diversity in diseased (DD) corals, and a higher abundance of taxa from the families that include known coral pathogens (Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Vibrionaceae). In our comparative framework analysis, we found differences in microbial assemblages between coral species and coral health states. Notably, patterns of bacterial community structures from HH and DD corals were maintained over species boundaries. Moreover, microbes that differentiated the two coral species did not overlap with microbes that were indicative of HH and DD corals. This suggests that while corals harbor distinct species-specific microbial assemblages, disease-specific bacterial abundance patterns exist that are maintained over coral species boundaries.
Active eukaryotes in microbialites from Highborne Cay, Bahamas, and Hamelin Pool (Shark Bay), Australia
Authors: Edgcomb Virginia P , Bernhard Joan M , Summons Roger E , Orsi William , Beaudoin David , Visscher Pieter T 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Microbialites are organosedimentary structures that are formed through the interaction of benthic microbial communities and sediments and include mineral precipitation. These lithifying microbial mat structures include stromatolites and thrombolites. Exuma Sound in the Bahamas, and Hamelin Pool in Shark Bay, Western Australia, are two locations where significant stands of modern microbialites exist. Although prokaryotic diversity in these structures is reasonably well documented, little is known about the eukaryotic component of these communities and their potential to influence sedimentary fabrics through grazing, binding and burrowing activities. Accordingly, comparisons of eukaryotic communities in modern stromatolitic and thrombolitic mats can potentially provide insight into the coexistence of both laminated and clotted mat structures in close proximity to one another. Here we examine this possibility by comparing eukaryotic diversity based on Sanger and high-throughput pyrosequencing of small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes. Analyses were based on total RNA extracts as template to minimize input from inactive or deceased organisms. Results identified diverse eukaryotic communities particularly stramenopiles, Alveolata, Metazoa, Amoebozoa and Rhizaria within different mat types at both locations, as well as abundant and diverse signatures of eukaryotes with &lt;80% sequence similarity to sequences in GenBank. This suggests the presence of significant novel eukaryotic diversity, particularly in hypersaline Hamelin Pool. There was evidence of vertical structuring of protist populations and foraminiferal diversity was highest in bioturbated/clotted thrombolite mats of Highborne Cay.
Allying with armored snails: the complete genome of gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont
Authors: Nakagawa Satoshi , Shimamura Shigeru , Takaki Yoshihiro , Suzuki Yohey , Murakami Shun-ichi , Watanabe Tamaki , Fujiyoshi So , Mino Sayaka , Sawabe Tomoo , Maeda Takahiro , Makita Hiroko , Nemoto Suguru , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro , Watanabe Hiromi , Watsuji Tomo-o , Takai Ken 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Deep-sea vents harbor dense populations of various animals that have their specific symbiotic bacteria. Scaly-foot gastropods, which are snails with mineralized scales covering the sides of its foot, have a gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont in their enlarged esophageal glands and diverse epibionts on the surface of their scales. In this study, we report the complete genome sequencing of gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont. The endosymbiont genome displays features consistent with ongoing genome reduction such as large proportions of pseudogenes and insertion elements. The genome encodes functions commonly found in deep-sea vent chemoautotrophs such as sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation. Stable carbon isotope (13C)-labeling experiments confirmed the endosymbiont chemoautotrophy. The genome also includes an intact hydrogenase gene cluster that potentially has been horizontally transferred from phylogenetically distant bacteria. Notable findings include the presence and transcription of genes for flagellar assembly, through which proteins are potentially exported from bacterium to the host. Symbionts of snail individuals exhibited extreme genetic homogeneity, showing only two synonymous changes in 19 different genes (13 810 positions in total) determined for 32 individual gastropods collected from a single colony at one time. The extremely low genetic individuality in endosymbionts probably reflects that the stringent symbiont selection by host prevents the random genetic drift in the small population of horizontally transmitted symbiont. This study is the first complete genome analysis of gastropod endosymbiont and offers an opportunity to study genome evolution in a recently evolved endosymbiont.
Listeners' Attitudes Toward Children With Voice Problems
Authors: Ma Estella P.-M. , Yu Camille H.-Y. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeTo investigate the attitudes of school teachers toward children with voice problems in a Chinese population.MethodThree groups of listeners participated in this study: primary school teachers, speech-language pathology students, and general university students. The participants were required to make attitude judgments on 12 voice samples using a semantic differential scale with 22 bipolar adjective pairs. The voice samples were collected from 6 children with healthy voices and 6 children with dysphonia. The 22 bipolar adjective pairs were intended to cover nonspeech characteristics about the child's personality, social characteristics, and physical appearance.ResultsThe mean attitude ratings received by children with dysphonic voice were significantly lower (i.e., less favorable) than those received by children with healthy voices in all of the 22 adjective pairs (allps < .002). The attitude ratings made by the 3 groups of listeners were not significantly different from one another (ps > .05).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study in which the authors examine listeners' perception toward children with voice problems in the Chinese population. The results suggest that voice problems in children warrant attention, and their effects on the child should not be underestimated. The findings also highlight the importance of early identification and intervention for children with voice problems.
Developmental Change Is Key to Understanding Primary Language Impairment: The Case of Phonotactic Probability and Nonword Repetition
Authors: McKean Cristina , Letts Carolyn , Howard David 
Published: August 2013

PurposeIn this study, the authors aimed to explore the relationship between lexical and phonological knowledge in children with primary language impairment (PLI) through the application of a developmental methodology. Specifically, they tested whether there is evidence for an impairment in the process of phonological abstraction in this group of children over and above that which would be predicted by their vocabulary growth.MethodThe authors measured developmental change in the abilities of typically developing (TD) children (n= 38, chronological age [CA] = 3;0–5;6 [years;months]) and those with PLI (n= 13, CA = 3;0–6;6 and 4;6–8;0) to repeat nonwords with high and low phonotactic probability (PP) to uncover group differences in the process of abstraction of phonological representations.ResultsCross-sectional developmental trajectories of change in nonword repetition abilities were compared across CA and vocabulary growth. Unlike TD children, the children with PLI did not evince a narrowing gap in the influence of PP across development, and they reached a plateau in their development.ConclusionThese results suggest slowed emergence of phonological representations in PLI, with a plateau in the development of lexical–phonological representations. This plateau may represent entrenchment and “fixing” due to a missed critical period and/or atypical word learning biases in PLI.
Information Transmission in Irrigation Technology Adoption and Diffusion: Social Learning, Extension Services, and Spatial Effects
Authors: Genius Margarita , Koundouri Phoebe , Nauges Céline , Tzouvelekas Vangelis 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the role of information transmission in promoting agricultural technology adoption and diffusion through extension services and social learning. We develop a theoretical model of technology adoption and diffusion, which we then empirically apply, using duration analysis, on a micro‐dataset consisting of recall data covering the period 1994–2004 for olive‐producing farms from Crete, Greece. Our findings suggest that both extension services and social learning are strong determinants of technology adoption and diffusion, while the effectiveness of each of the two informational channels is enhanced by the presence of the other.
Decoy-free protein-level false discovery rate estimation
Authors: Teng Ben , Huang Ting , He Zengyou 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Statistical validation of protein identifications is an important issue in shotgun proteomics. The false discovery rate (FDR) is a powerful statistical tool for evaluating the protein identification result. Several research efforts have been made for FDR estimation at the protein level. However, there are still certain drawbacks in the existing FDR estimation methods based on the target-decoy strategy.
Results: In this article, we propose a decoy-free protein-level FDR estimation method. Under the null hypothesis that each candidate protein matches an identified peptide totally at random, we assign statistical significance to protein identifications in terms of the permutation P-value and use these P-values to calculate the FDR. Our method consists of three key steps: (i) generating random bipartite graphs with the same structure; (ii) calculating the protein scores on these random graphs; and (iii) calculating the permutation P value and final FDR. As it is time-consuming or prohibitive to execute the protein inference algorithms for thousands of times in step ii, we first train a linear regression model using the original bipartite graph and identification scores provided by the target inference algorithm. Then we use the learned regression model as a substitute of original protein inference method to predict protein scores on shuffled graphs. We test our method on six public available datasets. The results show that our method is comparable with those state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of estimation accuracy.
Availability: The source code of our algorithm is available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/plfdr/
Contact: zyhe@dlut.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First Report of Broad bean wilt virus-2 in Pepper in the Czech Republic
Authors: Svoboda J. , Leisova-Svobodova L. 
Published: August 2013

In August 2012, field-grown pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants were inspected for the presence of viral diseases in Moravia, Czech Republic. Leaves taken from plants showing virus-like symptoms were examined for the presence of pepper viruses by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. Of the 80 collected samples, 22 were infected with Cucumber mosaic virus, 17 with Potato virus Y, 13 with Broad bean wilt virus-1, and 11 with Broad bean wilt virus-2 (BBWV-2). The BBWV-2 positive samples were collected near the villages of Hrádek and Tasovice in Znojmo District and Loděnice in Brno-Country District. Six samples positive for BBWV-2 were also infected with one or two other viruses. BBWV-2 was mechanically transmitted from the field-collected samples where it was present alone onto Chenopodium quinoa plants. After systemic mottling emerged on indicator plants, symptomatic leaves were collected and the presence of BBWV-2 was confirmed by electron microscopy and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. Isometric particles of about 25 nm corresponding in size and shape to the BBWV-2 virions (2) were observed. Total RNA was extracted from infected C. quinoa leaves, and RT-PCRs with primer pairs specific to four BBWV-2 genome regions (1) were carried out using oligo-dT and random hexamer mixtures for the cDNA synthesis. Amplicons of expected sizes, ~400 bp for Fab5′R1, ~460 bp for Pol2, ~500 bp for MP4, and ~250 bp for SCP were obtained for all samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural occurrence of BBWV-2 in the Czech Republic. References: (1) R. M. Ferrer et al. Arch. Virol. 156:1445, 2011. (2) V. Lisa and G. Boccardo. The Plant Viruses 5:229. Plenum Press, New York, 1996.
Consumers' expectations and needs towards healthy cereal based snacks
Authors: Crofton Emily C. , Markey Anne , Scannell Amalia G.M. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine consumers' perceptions and expectations towards healthy snacks, with particular emphasis on the cereal snack market, and to explore new areas of opportunities for healthy snacks by identifying consumer needs and wants.Design/methodology/approachSix focus group discussions were conducted to generate attitudinal data across three different adult consumer groups.FindingsResults revealed that consumers expected a healthy snack to contain low levels of calories, fat, salt and sugar, and to contain high levels of whole‐grain, oats, bran, nuts, seeds, pulses and fruit, e.g. blueberries, cranberries, gogi berries. Additionally, healthy snacks were required to be free from any artificial colours, sweeteners and flavours. Major factors encouraging healthy snack consumption included reduced risk of weight gain, diabetes, heart burn and bloating. Conversely, perceived taste, portion size, the lack of available convenient nutritional snacks, accessibility and confusion over the credibility of the “healthy product” tag were the main factors preventing healthy consumption in the adult population examined. Consumers expressed a desire for a wider choice of filling snacks with specific health benefits for a variety of usage occasions, particularly those with associated health claims such as “high fibre”, “omega 3 for mental health” and “reduces cholesterol”.Research limitations/implicationsThe study sample size was not extensive and was limited to a small geographical spread of Dublin and Meath on the East coast of Ireland. A more representative sample of the entire Irish population could be the basis for further research.Practical implicationsThese findings increase the understanding of current expectations of the Irish adult consumer regarding healthy snack foods. They also highlight the potential new product development opportunities for snack food manufacturers to explore.Originality/valueThe present paper focuses specifically on healthy snacks and contributes to a limited amount of existing literature by providing consumer research for the development of new healthy snack foods.
Measurement of oil film thickness between piston ring and liner using strain gauge
Authors: Bulsara Mukesh A. , Bhatt Dhananjay V. , Mistry Kishore N. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a technique to measure the oil film thickness between piston ring and liner throughout the stroke, without impairing the surface properties of the piston ring and liner. Mechanical properties of the piston ring, like ring stiffness, are also not altered. Effect of variation in bore on the movement of piston ring can be studied with the proposed technique.Design/methodology/approachThe gap Hmin between the cylinder liner and the piston ring is formed due to the hydrodynamic pressure generated by the presence of oil film between piston ring and liner. This gap can be inferred by measuring the movement of the inner surface of piston ring with reference to a sensor mounted on the piston at a fixed distance from the piston ring. The piston ring is connected to the sensor through reasonably rigid member. The underlying assumption here is that there is no elastic deformation of the piston ring due to the hydrodynamic pressure. The fundamental sensor to measure oil film thickness used in this setup is a set of strain gauges.FindingsIt is possible to measure oil film thickness by the proposed arrangement for the entire stroke without changing the surface properties. Mechanical properties of the piston ring, like ring tension, are not affected. The results possibly provide the correct picture of the piston ring movement throughout the stroke. The measurement at near zero speed can give information on the movement of the piston ring due to hydrodynamic action and to the variation in the bore. The measurement is not affected by engine vibrations. The proposed technique can be helpful in validating the theoretical models proposed in the literature.Originality/valueThe measurement is possible only in unfired condition. However, this attempt can be considered as the basis to measure OFT in fired condition with necessary improvements. It is not feasible to measure quantity of lubricant/extent of lubricant on leading or trailing edge of piston. Effect of temperature on the oil film thickness cannot be studied as the engine is not fired. It is assumed that the piston ring does not pass through elasto‐hydrodynamic lubrication regime. Debris/worn out particles in the oil may affect the indicated oil film thickness at local points.