bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared Study of Chlorophyllins in Alkali‐Halide Disks
Authors: Kaufherr N. , Yariv S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCommercial K chlorophyllin from three different manufacturers was studied by IR spectroscopy. All samples contained some keto form of chlorophyllin. Chemical analysis showed that they also contain impurities of carboxylic acid salt. The hydration and coordination of the keto and the carboxyl groups was investigated by comparing the spectra obtained in disks of different alkali‐halides. The spectra of the insoluble chlorophyllin salts of Mg, Al, Co and Cu were also studied.
Some Aspects of Thermal and Photochemical Autoxidation
Authors: Uri N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFollowing an outline of the pioneering work of Haber's School, emphasis is placed on a critical review of the most important recent achievements. These embrace, in the area of thermal autoxidation: the concept of critical antioxidant concentration, the multiple effects of heavy metals (including catalyst‐inhibitor conversion), the development of new synergistic antioxidant combinations composed of free radical acceptor and peroxide decomposer and, finally, Denisov's direct experimental evidence for the reaction of heavy metals with molecular oxygen in organic media in support of Uri's trace metal hypothesis of the general mechanism of the initiation of autoxidation. The following recent advances in the field of photochemical autoxidation are described: photosensitized initiation by trace metals and its inhibition, the singlet oxygen hypothesis, the inadequacy of phenolic antioxidants and the reliance on UV absorbers, the importance of energy transfer in photochemical protection leading to new stabilizers. A very recent innovation which is relevant to both thermal and photochemical autoxidation is highlighted, i.e., the development of new α‐dithidiketone chelates, particularly bis (stilbenedithiolate) nickel (= NiS4C4Ph4or, abbreviated, NiSDT) as antioxidants which combine in a unique way the properties of free radical acceptors, peroxide decomposers and UV stabilizers. They were then found to be the most powerful antioxidants for polyethylene and polypropylene.
Synthesis and Polymerization of p‐Vinyl‐β‐Phenylethylamine
Authors: Tahan M. , Lender N. , Zilkha A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstractp‐Vinyl benzyl chloride was converted to p‐vinyl benzyl cyanide which was reduced to p‐vinyl‐β‐phenyl‐ethylamine with lithium aluminium hydride. The amine gave an insoluble polymer on heating with azo initiator, but soluble polymer was obtained on polymerizing p‐vinyl‐β‐phenylethylamine hydrochloride in aqueous solution by bisulfite/persulfate initiator. Preliminary pharmacological tests carried out on poly‐p‐vinyl‐β‐phenylethylamine hydrochloride and its monomer, showed that the polymer was much more toxic, it showed a tranquilizer/sedative action compared to the monomer which showed excitor symptoms.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF TRADER COGNITIVE ABILITIES ON STOCK MARKET PROPERTIES
Authors: Manahov Viktor , Soufian Mona , Hudson Robert 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYMarket structure and individual rationality remain at the centre of a debate as to which is the main driving force in market performance. We examine the role of individual rationality, comparing zero‐intelligence traders with traders with different levels of intelligence using a special adaptive form of strongly typed genetic programming‐based learning algorithm. We use this approach with real data: historical quotes of the S&P 500 and Coca‐Cola stock prices. We find a mixture of positive and negative impacts from intelligence on market performance. Because the concept of market structure as a driving force has been significantly challenged in the literature, we suggest that the inclusion of both intelligence and market structures is important when examining the driving forces of market performance. This inclusion is consistent with the research of Todd and Gigerenzer (Journal of Economic Psychology,24(2003) 143–165), which asserts that both environment (market structure) and agents’ cognition play important roles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo whole‐brain T1‐rho mapping across adulthood: Normative values and age dependence
Authors: Watts Richard , Andrews Trevor , Hipko Scott , Gonyea Jay V. , Filippi Christopher G. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo report a systematic investigation of variations in brain T1ρ (T1‐rho) values over adulthood, and present normative values for cortical gray matter, juxtacortical white matter, selected white matter tracts and subcortical structures.Materials and MethodsForty‐one healthy control subjects (23 males aged 18–76 years and 18 females aged 21–73 years) were imaged at 3.0 Tesla (T) using a novel whole‐brain T1ρ‐weighted fluid suppressed three‐dimensional turbo spin echo technique. T1ρ maps were calculated and atlas‐based segmentation used to determine regional T1ρ values. Linear regression was used to determine changes in T1ρ with age.ResultsT1ρ values showed significant decreases with age in cortical gray matter (P < 0.001), left and right caudate (P = 0.004/0.006), putamen (P = 0.001, P < 0.001), hippocampus (P = 0.039/0.010), amygdala (P = 0.002/0.001), and nucleus accumbens (P = 0.001/0.002). Significant increases with age (P < 0.05) were observed in all the white matter tracts considered, except the corticospinal tracts and forceps major.ConclusionT1ρ demonstrates changes related to the processes of normal aging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:376–382. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo relaxation behavior of liver compounds at 7 tesla, measured by single‐voxel proton MR spectroscopy
Authors: Gajdošík Martin , Chmelík Marek , Just‐Kukurová Ivica , Bogner Wolfgang , Valkovič Ladislav , Trattnig Siegfried , Krššák Martin 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo assess the proton T1 and T2 relaxation of in vivo hepatic water, choline and lipid resonances with possible J‐coupling behavior of lipids in healthy volunteers at 7 Tesla (T).Materials and MethodsRelaxation measurements were conducted on corn oil phantoms and on the hepatic tissue of 11 healthy volunteers at 7 T using a surface coil and a STEAM sequence. T1's were determined by monoexponential fitting, and T2's by both monoexponential and enhanced‐exponential fitting (empirically designed to consider J‐coupling of lipid resonances).ResultsIn vivo T1's at 7 T were estimated as follows: water (4.70 ppm), 1362 ± 83 ms; methyl‐ (0.90 ppm), 1026 ± 162 ms; methylene‐ (1.30 ppm), 514 ± 25 ms; α‐olefinic‐ (2.02 ppm), 488 ± 220 ms; α‐carboxyl‐ (2.24 ppm), 476 ± 89 ms; diacyl‐ (2.77 ppm), 479 ± 260 ms group of lipid chains; and choline compounds (3.22 ppm), 1084 ± 52 ms. The T2's calculated with enhanced fitting were as follows: water, 15 ± 2 ms; methyl‐, 34 ± 10 ms; methylene‐, 41 ± 8 ms; α‐olefinic‐, 44 ± 19 ms; α‐carboxyl‐, 39 ± 15 ms; diacyl‐, 44 ± 5 ms group of lipid chains; and choline compounds, 32 ± 9 ms.ConclusionAn accurate knowledge of in vivo relaxation and J‐coupling behavior will significantly improve the quantification of an extended number of resolved liver metabolites at 7 T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1365–1374. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related changes of hyoid bone position in healthy older adults with aspiration
Authors: Feng Xin , Todd Tee , Hu Yunping , Lintzenich Catherine R. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Browne James D. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Butler Susan G. 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAspiration, the passage of a bolus below the vocal folds, increases morbidity and mortality in the elderly by increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia and other conditions. We hypothesized that altered position of the hyoid bone associated with aging may negatively affect airway protection during swallowing (i.e., aspiration) in older adults.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe re‐reviewed computed tomography (CT) scans of the head from 40 older adults (65–80 years old), comprised of 20 aspirators and 20 nonaspirators, obtained from a previous cohort study. In addition, CT scans of the head from 40 young adults (20–40 years old) were retrieved from a medical records database. Three‐dimensional reconstruction and 2‐dimensional sagittal views were used to measure the distance between the mandible and hyoid bone. Comparisons between age groups, genders, and aspiration status were made.ResultsOlder adults had a larger distance between the hyoid and mandible in both latitude and longitudinal positions compared to the young adults. Among older males, there was evidence that the hyoid bone in the aspirators tended to be positioned more posterior compared to the nonaspirators.ConclusionsThe distance between the hyoid and mandible is increased with aging, and a more posterior position of the hyoid bone is correlated with aspiration in older males. These findings suggest that age‐related changes in hyoid bone position may be a component of decreased swallowing safety and aspiration in older adults and warrant further investigation.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:E231–E236, 2014
Facile Phase‐Separation Approach to Encapsulate Functionalized Polymers in Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Yi , Döhler Diana , Lv Li‐Ping , Binder Wolfgang H. , Landfester Katharina , Crespy Daniel 
Published: November 2013

Core–shell nanoparticles filled with a reactive hydrophobic azide‐terminated polyisobutylene are prepared by a combination of miniemulsion and solvent evaporation techniques. Successful encapsulation is achieved by the rational selection of the polymer pair that displays a large difference in solubility parameters (δ) and interfacial tensions with water (γpolymer/water). By labeling the two polymers with different fluorescent dyes, core–shell structures can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. After extraction of the polymer present in the core, hollow morphologies are observed by transmission electronic microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency of the reactive polymer increases with decreasing surfactant concentration, with values as high as 90%. This study presents a simple and reaction‐free method to encapsulate reactive polymers. Considering the drawbacks of self‐healing agents with low molar mass, such as volatility and higher propensity for leakage from nanocapsules, the encapsulation of reactive polymers in nanocontainers is an interesting and new alternative for self‐healing materials.
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Influence of welding parameters on the fatigue behaviour of high strength steels
Authors: Horn A. , Panzenböck M. , Clemens H. , Posch G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn den verschiedensten Bereichen des Maschinenbaus kommen hochfeste mikrolegierte Baustähle zur Anwendung. Als Verbindungstechnik werden vorwiegend Schmelzschweißverfahren eingesetzt. Solche Konstruktionen werden im Wesentlichen dynamischen Beanspruchungen unterworfen. Durch den Einsatz thermischer Fügeverfahren kommt es zur Beeinflussung der Festigkeits‐ und Zähigkeitseigenschaften. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Streckenenergie auf die Änderung der Mikrostruktur eines hochfesten Baustahls (S690) untersucht. Des Weiteren erfolgt die Charakterisierung des Schwingfestigkeitsverhaltens unter Einbeziehung von Rissinitiierung und Rissfortschritt.
The Avifauna of Southern Istria (Croatia) During the Late Pleistocene: Implications for the Palaeoecology and Biodiversity of the Northern Adriatic Region
Authors: Oros Sršen A. , Brajković D. , Radović S. , Mauch Lenardić J. , Miracle P. T. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents palaeoecological and taphonomic analyses of bird remains from Late Pleistocene sediments from two caves in southern Istria, Šandalja II and Ljubićeva pećina. Most of the identified species are found today in Istria and along the Adriatic coast, although the presence of ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) and willow grouse (L. lagopus) indicates colder conditions than those characteristic of the region today. Taxa from both sites are characteristic of open, forest‐steppe, rocky, forest, and mixed biotopes. These sites differ somewhat in avifaunal composition — aquatic‐adapted taxa are only found at Šandalja II, probably reflecting differences in human activities and in their geographic settings. Likewise, only Šandalja's assemblages show an increase in the representation of forest‐adapted taxa over time. These data from the bird remains complement reconstructions based on mammalian assemblages from these sites. Different taphonomic agents accumulated the bird bones, and bone surface modifications show that birds of prey, small carnivores, and Late Upper Palaeolithic people helped accumulate these remains. The important Late Pleistocene avifaunal assemblages from southern Istria indicate that a mosaic of habitats was present during the Late Pleistocene and a deep time depth to the rich biodiversity of the region today. Furthermore they suggest that the exposed Adriatic Plain supported a diverse and rich biome. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Species‐specific Standardisation of Licorice by Metabolomic Profiling of Flavanones and Chalcones
Authors: Simmler Charlotte , Jones Tristesse , Anderson Jeffrey R. , Nikolić Dejan C. , van Breemen Richard B. , Soejarto Djaja D. , Chen Shao‐Nong , Pauli Guido F. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionMajor phenolics from licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza sp.) are glycosides of the flavanone liquiritigenin (F) and its 2′‐hydroxychalcone isomer, isoliquiritigenin (C). As the F and C contents fluctuate between batches of licorice, both quality control and standardisation of its preparations become complex tasks.ObjectiveTo characterise the F and C metabolome in extracts from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. by addressing their composition in major F–C pairs and defining the total F:C proportion.Material and methodsThree types of extracts from DNA‐authenticated samples were analysed by a validated UHPLC/UV method to quantify major F and C glycosides. Each extract was characterised by the identity of major F–C pairs and the proportion of Fs among all quantified Fs:Cs.ResultsThe F and C compositions and proportions were found to be constant for all extracts from a Glycyrrhiza species. All G. uralensis extracts contained up to 2.5 more Fs than G. glabra extracts. Major F–C pairs were B‐ring glycosidated in G. uralensis, and A‐/B‐ring apiosyl‐glucosidated in the G. glabra extracts. The F:C proportion was found to be linked to the glycosidation site: the more B‐ring F‐C glycosides were present, the higher was the final F:C proportion in the extract. These results enable the chemical differentiation of extracts from G. uralensis and G. glabra, which are characterised by total F:C proportions of 8.37:1.63 and 7.18:2.82, respectively.ConclusionExtracts from G. glabra and G. uralensis can be differentiated by their respective F and C compositions and proportions, which are both useful for further standardisation of licorice botanicals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of nonsyndromic congenital heart defects
Authors: Ailes Elizabeth C. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Riehle‐Colarusso Tiffany , Johnson Candice Y. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Correa Adolfo , Honein Margaret A. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesCongenital heart defects (CHDs) occur in nearly 1% of live births. We sought to assess factors associated with prenatal CHD diagnosis in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS).MethodsWe analyzed data from mothers with CHD‐affected pregnancies from 1998 to 2005. Prenatal CHD diagnosis was defined as affirmative responses to questions about abnormal prenatal ultrasounds and fetal echocardiography obtained during a structured telephone interview.ResultsFifteen percent (1097/7299) of women with CHD‐affected pregnancies (excluding recognized syndromes and single‐gene disorders) reported receiving a prenatal CHD diagnosis. Prenatal CHD diagnosis was positively associated with advanced maternal age, family history of CHD, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, twin or higher‐order gestation, CHD complexity, and presence of extracardiac defects. Prenatal CHD diagnosis was inversely associated with maternal Hispanic race/ethnicity, prepregnancy overweight or obesity, and preexisting hypertension. Prenatal CHD diagnosis varied by time to NBDPS interview and NBDPS study site.ConclusionsFurther work is warranted to identify reasons for the observed variability in maternal reports of prenatal CHD diagnosis and the extent to which differences in health literacy or health system factors such as access to specialized prenatal care and fetal echocardiography may account for such variability. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance comparison of wet‐etched and dry‐etched Geiger‐mode avalanche photodiodes using a single diffusion process
Authors: Lee Kiwon , Yang Kyounghoon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we compare the performances of wet‐etched and dry‐etched Geiger‐mode avalanche photodiodes (GM‐APDs) using a single diffusion process at a wavelength of 1.55‐µm. The single‐diffused GM‐APD based on a wet recess‐etching has demonstrated the good performances of a dark count rate of 0.03 kHz/µm2 and a photon detection efficiency of 17.1% at 240 K. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐Q AlN ladder‐structure photonic crystal nanocavity fabricated by layer transfer
Authors: Sergent Sylvain , Arita Munetaka , Kako Satoshi , Tanabe Katsuaki , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this report, we show how one‐dimensional ladder‐structure photonic crystal cavity design can be used to reduce extrinsic losses in AlN photonic crystal nanocavities. The design is implemented in an AlN epilayer containing GaN QDs by a layer transfer method. Microphotoluminescence characterization of nanocavities reveals resolution‐limited quality factors as high 6900, the highest reported to date in group‐III nitride photonic crystal nanocavities. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of phosphorus addition to poly‐methyl‐phenyl‐silane based photovoltaic devices
Authors: Oku Takeo , Nakagawa Junya , Suzuki Atsushi , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Yamada Masahiro , Fukunishi Sakiko , Kohno Kazufumi , Sasaki Muneo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEffects of phosphorus addition to poly‐methyl‐phenyl‐silane (PMPS) were investigated for spin‐coating thin films. Microstructures of the PMPS thin films were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. PMPS thin films doped with phosphorus (P) had an amorphous structure after annealing at 300 °C. Decrease of fluorescence intensity of PMPS was observed by phosphorus doping. Desorption of phenyl and methyl groups in doped PMPS thin films was observed after annealing at 300 °C from Raman scattering measurements and theoretical calculations. Solar cells with PMPS (P)/poly[3‐hexylthiophene] bulk heterojunction and heterojunction structures were fabricated, and provided a photovoltaic behavior. Formation mechanism and carrier transport mechanism of the doped PMPS thin films were proposed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and characterization of PCBM:P3HT bulk heterojunction solar cells doped with silicon naphthalocyanine
Authors: Oku Takeo , Yoshida Kazumi , Suzuki Atsushi , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Yamasaki Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2013

Abstract[6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester: poly(3‐hexylthiophene) bulk heterojunction solar cells doped with silicon naphthalocyanine were fabricated and characterized. Photovoltaic properties of the solar cells with inverted structures were investigated by optical absorption, current density‐voltage characteristic, incident photon to current conversion efficiency, and internal quantum efficiency. The silicon naphthalocyanine blended as the third component absorbed near‐infrared light. Microstructure of the solar cells was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, and energy levels of the solar cells were discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability, L2‐gain and asynchronous H ∞  control for continuous‐time switched systems
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Wang Bo , Xie Dehua , Xu Shengyuan , Dang Chuangyin 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the stability and L2‐gain problems for a class of continuous‐time linear switched systems with the existed asynchronous behaviors, where ‘asynchronous’ means that the switching of the controllers to be designed has a lag to the switching of the system modes. Firstly, a new sufficient condition on the asymptotic stability and weighted L2‐gain analysis is obtained by using multiple Lyapunov functions combined with the average dwell time technique. Moreover, a result that is formulated in form of linear matrix inequalities is derived for the problem of asynchronous H ∞  control. Based on the result, the mode‐dependent controllers can be designed. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the relationship between feed and helminthic burden of captive birds of prey in Hong Kong
Authors: Mata Fernando , Lam Alice 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe life cycle of most parasitic helminthes is related to their hosts feeding habits. Thus we need to investigate the impact of diet on the host's helminthic parasite burden. Not many studies in captive raptors have been conducted and published regarding parasitic infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the helminthic burden of raptors kept in captivity and establish a relationship with the feed provided. A total of N = 51 different species of captive birds of prey were fed different diets consisting in different combinations of day old chicks, chicken breast, whole chicken carcass and mice. Their feces were sampled and the parasite burden was determined. A negative binomial model was successfully fitted to the data and the feeds “mice” (P < 0.001) and “whole chicken carcass” (P < 0.001) significantly contributed to an increase in the observed burden. Significant differences were also found between species (P < 0.001). Raptors fed adult animal carcasses and offal may explain the increase in the observed burden as these feeds have a larger probability of being contaminated by a larger variety of helminthic fauna. Zoo Biol. 32:652–654, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.