bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal for a sub‐classification of hepato‐biliary‐pancreatic operations for surgical site infection surveillance following assessment of results of prospective multicenter data
Authors: Nakahira Shin , Shimizu Junzo , Miyamoto Atsushi , Kobayashi Shogo , Umeshita Koji , Ito Toshinori , Monden Morito , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) surveillance in Japan is based on the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system, which categorizes all hepato‐biliary‐pancreatic surgeries, except for cholecystectomy, into “BILI.” We evaluated differences among BILI procedures to determine the optimal subdivision for SSI surveillance.MethodsWe conducted multicenter SSI surveillance at 20 hospitals. BILI was subdivided into choledochectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, hepatectomy, hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction, pancreatoduodenectomy with hepatectomy, distal pancreatectomy and total pancreatectomy to determine the optimal subdivision. The outcome of interest was SSI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive significance of variables in each type of surgery.Results1,926 BILI cases were included in this study. SSI rates were 23.2 % for all BILI; for choledochectomy 23.6 %, pancreatoduodenectomy 39.3 %, hepatectomy 12.8 %, hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction 41.9 %, pancreatoduodenectomy with hepatectomy 27.3 %, distal pancreatectomy 31.8 %, and total pancreatectomy 20.0 %. SSI rates for hepatectomy were significantly lower than those for non‐hepatectomy BILI. Risk factors for developing SSI with hepatectomy were drain placement and long operative duration, while for non‐hepatectomy BILI, risk factors were use of intra‐abdominal silk sutures, SSI risk index and long operative duration.ConclusionsHepatectomy and non‐hepatectomy BILI differ with regard to the incidence of and risk factors for developing SSI. These surgeries should be assessed separately when conducting SSI surveillance.
Toward a sex‐specific relationship between muscle strength and appendicular lean body mass index?
Authors: Barbat-Artigas Sébastien , Plouffe Stéphanie , Pion Charlotte H. , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundIn spite of some dissociation between muscle mass and strength, muscle strength is often used as a proxy to identify individuals with low muscle mass (sarcopenia). Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between muscle strength and the appendicular lean body mass index (app LBMI).MethodsOne hundred and five individuals were recruited. Knee extension and handgrip strength were measured. Body composition was assessed by DXA. App LBMI was calculated as appendicular lean body mass divided by height squared.ResultsAt le level of the entire cohort, both handgrip (r = 0.73; p < 0.001) and knee extension strength (r = 0.57; p < 0.001) were associated with app LBMI. However, in women, knee extension strength (r = 0.32; p < 0.05) but not handgrip strength (r = 0.14; p = 0.35) was associated with app LBMI; while in men, handgrip strength (r = 0.43; p < 0.01) but not knee extension strength (r = 0.27; p = 0.09) was associated with app LBMI.ConclusionsMuscle strength appears to be associated with lean body mass; however, handgrip strength may be preferentially used in men and knee extension strength in women to detect sarcopenic individuals. Future larger studies are now needed to confirm our findings and their clinical relevance.
Liver and muscle glycogen repletion using13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy following ingestion of maltodextrin, galactose, protein and amino acids
Authors: Detko Eva , O'Hara John P. , Thelwall Peter E. , Smith Fiona E. , Jakovljevic Djordje G. , King Roderick F. G. J. , Trenell Michael I. 
Published: February 2013

The present study evaluated whether the inclusion of protein (PRO) and amino acids (AA) within a maltodextrin (MD) and galactose (GAL) recovery drink enhanced post-exercise liver and muscle glycogen repletion. A total of seven trained male cyclists completed two trials, separated by 7 d. Each trial involved 2 h of standardised intermittent cycling, followed by 4 h recovery. During recovery, one of two isoenergetic formulations, MD–GAL (0·9 g MD/kg body mass (BM) per h and 0·3 g GAL/kg BM per h) or MD–GAL-PRO+AA (0·5 g MD/kg BM per h, 0·3 g GAL/kg BM per h, 0·4 g whey PRO hydrolysate plusl-leucine andl-phenylalanine/kg BM per h) was ingested at every 30 min. Liver and muscle glycogen were measured after depletion exercise and at the end of recovery using1H-13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Despite higher postprandial insulin concentations for MD–GAL-PRO+AA compared with MD–GAL (61·3 (se6·2)v. 29·6 (se3·0) mU/l, (425·8 (se43·1)v.205·6 (se20·8) pmol/l)P= 0·03), there were no significant differences in post-recovery liver (195·3 (se2·6)v. 213·8 (se18·0) mmol/l) or muscle glycogen concentrations (49·7 (se4·0)v. 51·1 (se7·9) mmol/l). The rate of muscle glycogen repletion was significantly higher for MD–GAL compared with MD–GAL-PRO+AA (5·8 (se0·7)v. 3·7 (se0·6) mmol/l per h,P= 0·04), while there were no significant differences in the rate of liver glycogen repletion (15·0 (se2·5)v. 13·0 (se2·7) mmol/l per h). PRO and AA within a MD–GAL recovery drink, compared with an isoenergetic mix of MD–GAL, did not enhance but matched liver and muscle glycogen recovery. This suggests that the increased postprandial insulinaemia only compensated for the lower MD content in the MD–GAL-PRO+AA treatment.
IMPACTS OF CROP IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH ON FARMERS' LIVELIHOODS: THE CASE OF WINTER-SOWN CHICKPEA IN SYRIA
Authors: MAZID AHMED , SHIDEED KAMIL , EL-ABDULLAH MOHAMED , ZYADEH GHASSAN , MOUSTAFA JUMA'A 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThis study presents farmers’ evaluations of the performance of winter-sown chickpea technology developed by ICARDA relative to traditional spring planting, and assesses impacts of this technology on farmers’ livelihoods in Syria. Ascochyta blight, insects and weeds were the most important factors affecting productivity of winter-sown chickpea, according to 480 farmers. Among package components, crop varieties were widely adopted and most farmers adopted other components. The winter-sown chickpea area is expanding, particularly in drier regions that do not traditionally grow chickpea. Adoption was higher for better-off farmers – poorer farmers generally prefer to see positive effects first. Adoption over time is accelerating, with obvious benefits: yields have increased by 18% in drier areas and 32% elsewhere in Syria. Winter-sown chickpea technology increased incomes for all adopting households with greatest impact among poorer farmers. All gains are important because chickpea contributes 22% of total household income and should increase with further increases in package adoption.
Neurocognitive predictors of transition to psychosis: medium- to long-term findings from a sample at ultra-high risk for psychosis
Authors: Lin A. , Yung A. R. , Nelson B. , Brewer W. J. , Riley R. , Simmons M. , Pantelis C. , Wood S. J. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundIndividuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis show reduced neurocognitive performance across domains but it is unclear which reductions are associated with transition to frank psychosis. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in baseline neurocognitive performance between UHR participants with (UHR-P) and without transition to psychosis (UHR-NP) and a healthy control (HC) group and examine neurocognitive predictors of transition over the medium to long term.MethodA sample of 325 UHR participants recruited consecutively from the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) Clinic in Melbourne and 66 HCs completed a neurocognitive assessment at baseline. The UHR group was followed up between 2.39 and 14.86 (median = 6.45) years later. Cox regression was used to investigate candidate neurocognitive predictors of psychosis onset.ResultsThe UHR group performed more poorly than the HC group across a range of neurocognitive domains but only performance on digit symbol coding and picture completion differed between the groups. The risk of transition was only significantly associated with poorer performance on visual reproduction [hazard ratio (HR) 0.919, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.876–0.965, p = 0.001] and matrix reasoning (HR 0.938, 95% CI 0.883–0.996, p = 0.037). These remained significant even after controlling for psychopathology at baseline.ConclusionsThis study is the longest follow-up of an UHR sample to date. UHR status was associated with poorer neurocognitive performance compared to HCs on some tasks. Cognition at identification as UHR was not a strong predictor of risk for transition to psychosis. The results suggests the need to include more experimental paradigms that isolate discrete cognitive processes to better understand neurocognition at this early stage of illness.
Remapping Hong Kong popular music: covers, localisation and the waning hybridity of Cantopop
Authors: Chu Yiu-Wai , Leung Eve 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEver since its sovereignty reverted to China, Hong Kong has been torn between its national (in terms of China and its ‘soft’ power) and global status (as ‘Asia's World City’). In this special context, Hong Kong's singular, ambiguous but prolific existence ceased. This paper endeavours to map ‘Cantopop’ (Chinese popular songs) on the new media landscape and examine its decline in the context of the rise and fall of cover versions. Cantopop was once very popular, not only in Hong Kong but also in its neighbouring regions. Its rise in the 1970s was a result of its typical hybridity, an important aspect of which was influenced by the use of cover versions that changed its soundscape. In the mid-1990s, the Cantopop market started to shrink significantly. A radio campaign for localisation advocated the release of original songs aimed at enhancing the development of Cantopop, but in the end proved to have the opposite effect. In the new millennium, ‘Mandapop’ (Mandarin popular songs) has taken on the role as the trend setter of the Chinese popular music industry. We argue in this paper that Cantopop's decline is the result of Hong Kong's loss of hybridity.
Phonetic variation in consonants in infant-directed and adult-directed speech: the case of regressive place assimilation in word-final alveolar stops
Authors: DILLEY LAURA C. , MILLETT AMANDA L. , MCAULEY J. DEVIN , BERGESON TONYA R. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPronunciation variation is under-studied in infant-directed speech, particularly for consonants. Regressive place assimilation involves a word-final alveolar stop taking the place of articulation of a following word-initial consonant. We investigated pronunciation variation in word-final alveolar stop consonants in storybooks read by forty-eight mothers in adult-directed or infant-directed style to infants aged approximately 0;3, 0;9, 1;1, or 1;8. We focused on phonological environments where regressive place assimilation could occur, i.e., when the stop preceded a word-initial labial or velar consonant. Spectrogram, waveform, and perceptual evidence was used to classify tokens into four pronunciation categories: canonical, assimilated, glottalized, or deleted. Results showed a reliable tendency for canonical variants to occur in infant-directed speech more often than in adult-directed speech. However, the otherwise very similar distributions of variants across addressee and age group suggested that infants largely experience statistical distributions of non-canonical consonantal pronunciation variants that mirror those experienced by adults.
Effect of the oral vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan on congestive cardiac failure in a child with restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Horibata Yoko , Murakami Tomoaki , Niwa Koichiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTolvaptan, an oral vasopressin receptor antagonist, was administered to a 6-year-old boy with advanced congestive cardiac failure due to restrictive cardiomyopathy. Slow up-titration of the tolvaptan improved the loop diuretic-resistant congestive cardiac failure without hypernatraemia, deterioration of vital signs, and significant complications. Tolvaptan could be useful and safe for children with severe congestive cardiac failure. It is necessary to accumulate clinical data on tolvaptan administration in children in order to determine the optimal method of administration.
WikiLeaks and Iraq Body Count: the Sum of Parts May Not Add Up to the Whole—A Comparison of Two Tallies of Iraqi Civilian Deaths
Authors: Carpenter Dustin , Fuller Tova , Roberts Les 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe number of civilians killed in Iraq following the 2003 invasion has proven difficult to measure and contentious in recent years. The release of the Wikileaks War Logs (WL) has created the potential to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the commonly-cited Iraq Body Count's (IBC's) tally, which is based on press, government, and other public sources.HypothesisThe 66,000 deaths reported in the Wikileaks War Logs are mostly the same events as those previously reported in the press and elsewhere as tallied by iraqbodycount.org.MethodsA systematic random sample of 2500 violent fatal War Log incidents was selected and evaluated to determine whether these incidents were also found in IBC's press-based listing. Each selected event was ranked on a scale of 0 (no match present) to 3 (almost certainly matched) with regard to the likelihood it was listed in the IBC database.ResultsOf the two thousand four hundred and nine War Log records, 488 (23.8%) were found to have likely matches in IBC records. Events that killed more people were far more likely to appear in both datasets, with 94.1% of events in which ≥20 people were killed being likely matches, as compared with 17.4% of singleton killings. Because of this skew towards the recording of large events in both datasets, it is estimated that 2035 (46.3%) of the 4394 deaths reported in the Wikileaks War Logs had been previously reported in IBC.ConclusionsPassive surveillance systems, widely seen as incomplete, may also be selective in the types of events detected in times of armed conflict. Bombings and other events during which many people are killed, and events in less violent areas, appear to be detected far more often, creating a skewed image of the mortality profile in Iraq. Members of the press and researchers should be hesitant to draw conclusions about the nature or extent of violence from passive surveillance systems of low or unknown sensitivity.CarpenterD, FullerT, RobertsL. WikiLeaks and Iraq Body Count: the sum of parts may not add up to the whole—a comparison of two tallies of Iraqi civilian deaths. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-7.
Socio-economic status, neighbourhood food environments and consumption of fruits and vegetables in New York City
Authors: Jack Darby , Neckerman Kathryn , Schwartz-Soicher Ofira , Lovasi Gina S , Quinn James , Richards Catherine , Bader Michael , Weiss Christopher , Konty Kevin , Arno Peter , Viola Deborah , Kerker Bonnie , Rundle Andrew 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveRecommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption are largely unmet. Lower socio-economic status (SES), neighbourhood poverty and poor access to retail outlets selling healthy foods are thought to predict lower consumption. The objective of the present study was to assess the interrelationships between these risk factors as predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption.DesignCross-sectional multilevel analyses of data on fruit and vegetable consumption, socio-demographic characteristics, neighbourhood poverty and access to healthy retail food outlets.SettingSurvey data from the 2002 and 2004 New York City Community Health Survey, linked by residential zip code to neighbourhood data.SubjectsAdult survey respondents (n 15 634).ResultsOverall 9·9 % of respondents reported eating ≥5 servings of fruits or vegetables in the day prior to the survey. The odds of eating ≥5 servings increased with higher income among women and with higher educational attainment among men and women. Compared with women having less than a high-school education, the OR was 1·12 (95 % CI 0·82, 1·55) for high-school graduates, 1·95 (95 % CI 1·43, 2·66) for those with some college education and 2·13 (95 % CI 1·56, 2·91) for college graduates. The association between education and fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly stronger for women living in lower- v. higher-poverty zip codes (P for interaction < 0·05). The density of healthy food outlets did not predict consumption of fruits or vegetables.ConclusionsHigher SES is associated with higher consumption of produce, an association that, in women, is stronger for those residing in lower-poverty neighbourhoods.
José de Torres and the Spanish Musical Press in the Early Eighteenth Century (1699–1736)
Authors: CARRERAS JUAN JOSÉ 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe history of the Spanish musical press in the eighteenth century has usually been interpreted as an ongoing struggle against a narrow and underdeveloped market. Print itself has been seen as a superior technology that helps to secure stability and clarity of the musical text. In this light, José de Torres, prestigious organist and composer, music director of the Spanish Chapel Royal from 1720 and owner of an important musical press, has appeared to be a heroic modernizing figure. This article challenges this received image, underlining the effectiveness of censorship and the control of individual initiatives in the field of music publishing in early eighteenth-century Spain. This is demonstrated by newly discovered documents concerning a lawsuit brought against Torres, who owned a royal printing privilege from 1700 until his death in 1738, by Francisco Díaz de Guitián, who wanted to establish a music press of his own. Several musicians acted as witnesses, giving a detailed view of how the music press worked at the time, notably how the approbations customarily given by established musicians on behalf of music treatises intended for publication were used to promote or block a career. Based on these new insights, a general study of all the known prints by the Imprenta de Música is presented in a broader editorial, political and cultural context.
Lungenresektionen beim nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchuskarzinom - wann ist auch ein maximalextensiver Ansatz gerechtfertigt?
Authors: Lardinois  
Published: February 2013

Lokal fortgeschrittene Bronchuskarzinome sind nicht selten und bilden eine heterogene Gruppe von Situationen, je nach Lokalisation und infiltrierter Struktur. Ein Behandlungskonzept, in welchem die Chirurgie eine Rolle spielt, sollte nur in ausgewählten Patienten und nach strengen funktionellen Abklärungen in Frage kommen. In den meisten Fällen wird die Therapie multidisziplinär, wobei die Chirurgie mit einer Chemotherapie, einer Radiotherapie oder mit beiden Modalitäten kombiniert wird. Solche interdisziplinäre Behandlungen, in welchen die Chirurgie eine zentrale Rolle spielt, sind sehr häufig die einzigen Konzepte, die zu einer definitiven Heilung des Patienten führen können. Leider haben viele Patienten mit T4-Tumoren zur Zeit der Diagnose-Stellung schon Fernmetastasen oder einen ausgeprägten Lymphknotenbefall. In solchen palliativen Situationen kommt nur eine Chemotherapie, eventuell mit Radiotherapie in Frage. Wichtigste Voraussetzung für eine chirurgische Resektion ist die Möglichkeit, eine radikale komplette Entfernung des Tumors durchzuführen. Als Standard gilt eine en-Block Resektion eines Teiles der Lunge oder der ganzen Lunge mit der tumorbefallenen infiltrierten Struktur. Grundsätzlich ist die Prognose stark abhängig von der Radikalität der Resektion und des Lymphknotenstatus mediastinal. Die besten Resultate werden bei isolierter Infiltration der Thoraxwand, bei Tumoren des Sulcus superior und bei isoliertem Befall der Vena cava superior beobachtet. 5-Jahre Überleben bis zu 40 - 50% können bei N0-Status und kompletter Resektion erreicht werden. Bei Infiltration eines Vorhofes, eines Wirbelkörpers und der Carina ist die Prognose bescheidener mit 20 - 30% Überleben nach 5 Jahren. Die Behandlung solcher lokal fortgeschrittener Bronchuskarzinome sollte nur in Referenz-Zentren durchgeführt werden. Nur in solchen Zentren kann die interdisziplinäre Indikationsstellung und die Durchführung der optimalen Therapie mit einer minimalen Morbidität und Mortalität gewährleistet werden.
Too busy to think? Essay über die spärliche Theoriebildung der deutschen Pflegewissenschaft
Authors: Moers Martin , Schaeffer Doris , Schnepp Wilfried 
Published: February 2013

Eine Synthetisierung pflegespezifischen Wissens in Gestalt von Theoriebildung fehlt im deutschsprachigen Raum weitgehend. Dies ist bedenklich, da die Pflege als Profession den Überformungsversuchen durch andere Wissenschaftsdisziplinen wenig entgegensetzen kann. Der spezifisch pflegewissenschaftliche Zugriff auf Gesundheitsprobleme kann dadurch nicht deutlich werden. Der Stand der Theorieentwicklung in einer Disziplin stellt einen guten Indikator für die geistige Verfassung dieser Disziplin dar. In allen Theoriesträngen ist festzustellen, dass nach den produktiven Entwicklungen der 1980er- und 1990er-Jahre der theoretische Diskurs im letzten Jahrzehnt beinahe zum Erliegen gekommen ist, während die Zahl empirischer Arbeiten sprunghaft ansteigt. Diese sollten in generalisierender und theoriebildender Absicht diskutiert werden. Ein Theoriediskurs müsste die theoretische Generalisierung von Forschungsbefunden leisten, um zu induktiver Theoriebildung zu gelangen. Induktive Theoriediskurse sollten wiederbelebt und die Patient(inn)enperspektive in Forschung und Theoriebildung gestärkt werden. Neue Aspekte gesundheitlicher Fragestellungen, wie etwa die demografische Entwicklung und ihre epidemiologischen Folgen, die Zunahme und der Gestaltwandel chronischer Krankheiten oder auch die Änderungen der Patientenrolle in Richtung Partizipation und Selbstmanagement verdienen theoretische Aufmerksamkeit. Die Wiederbelebung einer Diskurs- und Debattenkultur setzt jedoch voraus, dass ihr Zeit gewidmet werden kann. Erst dann wird das Lesen und Diskutieren empirischer und theoretischer Ergebnisse verwandter Disziplinen wieder auf der Agenda wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens erscheinen und - last but not least - damit eigene Theorieentwicklung möglich werden.
Vergleich der Gesundheit und Identifizierung von Prädiktoren der Gesundheit in verschiedenen Altersgruppen Pflegender in Deutschland
Authors: Galatsch Michael , Iskenius Mario , Müller Bernd Hans , Hasselhorn Hans Martin 
Published: February 2013

Der zunehmende Bedarf an qualifiziertem Pflegepersonal rückt das gesunde Altern in dieser Profession in den Blickpunkt wissenschaftlicher Betrachtung. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung bestand a) in einer altersdifferenzierten, längsschnittlichen Betrachtung des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustands und b) in einer altersdifferenzierten Identifikation von Variablen, die den Gesundheitszustand der Pflegekräfte nach 12 Monaten prognostizieren. Die Identifikation geeigneter Prädiktoren sollte Hinweise geben, in welchen Bereichen Interventionen ansetzen könnten. Die Untersuchung stützte sich auf Daten der NEXT-Untersuchung. Die Analyse des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustands mittels ANOVA ergab, dass ältere Personen einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand aufwiesen als jüngere und dass dieser bei älteren Pflegekräften nach einem Jahr stärker abnahm. Die Identifikation der Gesundheitsprädiktoren wurde mittels linearer Regressionen durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, dass vor allem der Arbeit-Familien-Konflikt in jeder Altersgruppe ein bedeutsamer Prädiktor war. Während bei jüngeren Pflegenden die Führungsqualität zudem einen wichtigen Faktor darstellte, prognostizierten bei mittelalten Personen die quantitativen Anforderungen und die Beziehung zu den Kollegen das gesundheitliche Befinden. Für ältere Pflegekräfte stellte eine gute Beziehung zu den Vorgesetzten eine wichtige Komponente dar. Die unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse deuten an, dass Interventionsmaßnahmen, die das Ziel haben, den allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand möglichst lange hochzuhalten, altersdifferenziert implementiert werden sollten