bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einstellungen von Medizinischen Fachangestellten und Hausärzt:innen zum geriatrischen Assessment in der Hausarztpraxis
Authors: Rost Liliana , Bleidorn Jutta , Döpfmer Susanne , Jung Paul , Krause Markus , Kümpel Lisa , Kuschick Doreen , Toutaoui Kahina , Wolf Florian 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das hausärztlich-geriatrische Basisassessment (hGBA) wird bei hausärztlichen Patient:innen ab dem vollendeten 70. Lebensjahr und geriatrietypischer Morbidität durchgeführt, um Alltagsprobleme und Funktionseinschränkungen strukturiert zu erfassen. Zum Nutzen des hGBA sowie zur Wahrnehmung, Akzeptanz und Anwendung auf hausärztlicher Versorgungsebene ist wenig bekannt.

Ziel der Arbeit und Fragestellungen
Welche Inhalte eines geriatrischen Assessments werden von Hausärzt:innen (HÄ) und Medizinischen Fachangestellten (MFA) als sinnvoll erachtet, welche werden nach Angabe der Befragten erbracht und wer führt welche Maßnahmen durch?

Material und Methode
Die Erhebung erfolgte unter KV-gelisteten HÄ und deren MFA in Thüringen, Berlin und Brandenburg mittels selbst konzipiertem und pilotiertem Fragebogen. Inhaltliche Grundlage waren das Manageable Geriatric Assessment (MAGIC) sowie das geriatrische Screening nach LACHS. Zur Einschätzung wurden ein fiktives Fallbeispiel und dichotome Antwortmöglichkeiten vorgegeben.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Es nahmen 890 HÄ (Rücklauf 16,1 %) sowie 566 MFA an der Befragung teil. Bezogen auf das Fallbeispiel wird das hGBA in teilnehmenden Hausarztpraxen unterschiedlich durchgeführt und bewertet. Beurteilungen von psychosozialer Situation (50,8 %) und Medikationsstatus (62,6 %) wurden laut den Befragungsteilnehmer:innen überwiegend von HÄ, standardisierte Tests häufiger von MFA durchgeführt. Nicht alle empfohlenen Inhalte und erbrachten Leistungen des hGBA werden von HÄ und MFA als sinnvoll erachtet.
The Periodic Cyclonic Eddy in Southwestern Taiwan and Its Interannual Variation Related to Large‐Scale Climate Variations
Authors: Gao Ziyang , Chu Xiaoqing , Chen Gengxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeriodic eddies are a type of eddy that occur almost annually in fixed timeframes with similar patterns and trajectories. Nearly every year from April to June, under the combined effect of the barotropic instability of the mean flow and wind work, a cyclonic eddy (the Taiwan Cyclonic Eddy, TCE) forms in the southwest of Taiwan, then propagates westward, and finally dissipates near the Dongsha Islands. TCE exerts a significant impact on the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea (SCS) and water exchange. Based on multi‐year in situ and satellite observations, this study reveals the thermohaline structure and evolutionary process of the TCE. The evolutions of the three‐dimensional structures of temperature, salinity, and geostrophic velocity of the TCE are analyzed based on reconstructed data. The TCE shows important interannual variations associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the relationship between ENSO and the TCE is modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In the negative phase of the PDO, the intensity of the TCE is significantly correlated with the Niño‐3.4 index. In contrast, in the positive phase, the ENSO–TCE relationship becomes weak and non‐significant. Further investigations indicate that these differences are related to the establishment of the low‐latitude Pacific–East Asian Teleconnection, influencing local wind stress curl in the region. This offers a new perspective on understanding the interannual variation of periodic mesoscale eddies in the SCS.
Role of the Boreal Autumn Antarctic Oscillation in Controlling the Winter Frequency of Severe Pollution Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China
Authors: Wang Yajuan , Qin Jun , Li Shuanglin , Huang Sijing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), which is the main mode of extratropical circulation in the Southern Hemisphere, also has a substantial effect on the Northern Hemisphere climate. We investigated the influence of the early AAO on the frequency of late severe pollution events (SPEF) in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region (SPEFBTH) of China during winter. The results show that the winter (December–January–February) SPEFBTH is negatively correlated with the AAO from the previous autumn (August–September–October). The controlling mechanism can be briefly described as follows: the autumn AAO is positively correlated with the mid‐latitude sea surface temperature (SST) in the South Atlantic Ocean. The SST preserves the autumn anomaly signal into the following winter. This anomalous SST regulates changes in the tropical western Indian Ocean–Intertropical Convergence Zone (IN–ITCZ) via air–sea coupling. Subsequently, as a response to the IN–ITCZ anomalies, anomalous wave trains are excited in the upper troposphere from the tropical western Indian Ocean to East Asia. In addition, the local meridional circulation is modulated; therefore, the circulation field and other meteorological elements favorable for the SPEFBTH appear and exacerbate the SPEFBTH. This study describes a new physical mechanism for the pathway of the AAO influence on subsequent SPEFBTH and finds a predictable source in the Southern Hemisphere air–sea system.
Coded Aperture Imaging for Electron Pitch Angle Observations
Authors: Reid Riley A. , Berland Grant , Marshall Robert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the coded aperture imaging method for pitch angle observations of magnetospheric energetic electrons in the solar, Earth, and planetary space environments. We present a review of key previous energetic electron instruments with pitch angle‐resolved observations across a range of electron energies. We describe the coded aperture imaging method, typically used for high angular resolution X‐ray and gamma ray observations, and evaluate design parameters in the context of energetic electron observations. We present the results of simulations of energetic electrons in Geant4 and evaluate the method's ability to resolve sources with high angular and temporal resolution. We also evaluate the impact of secondary radiation produced from electron interactions in the tungsten coded aperture, as well as the impact of artifacts from the decoding process. With these simulated results, we identify key areas in magnetospheric science that would benefit from high angular resolution observations of energetic electrons. We find that coded aperture imaging may be well‐suited for high‐resolution observations of intense localized structures, such as low energy (tens of eV to several keV) field‐aligned electron beams or the electron strahl wind.
Retrospective study of preterm infants exposed to inhaled nitric oxide in Kaiser Permanente Southern California: morbidity, mortality and follow-up
Authors: Bhatt Dilip R. , Braun David , Dizon Roman Angelo , Shi Jiaxiao M. , Weerasinghe Sunjeeve , Sabio Alex , Reddy Siva , Lee Henry C. , Ramanathan Rangasamy , Lakshminrusimha Satyan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
Describe characteristics of preterm infants exposed to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in Kaiser Permanente Southern California.

Study design
Case review of preterm infants <34-weeks exposed to iNO during 2010–2020 including respiratory and echocardiographic status, NICU course, and 12-month follow-up.

Results
270 infants, 2.63% of births<34 weeks, (median, range: 26.1, 225/7–336/7 weeks gestation) were exposed to iNO. Median FiO2 at iNO initiation was 1.0 (IQR 0.94-1.0). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was not associated with risk-adjusted 2 h oxygenation response or improved survival. Mortality to NICU discharge was 37.4%. Median cost of iNO was $7,695/patient. Discharged survivors experienced frequent rehospitalization (34.9%), use of supplemental oxygen, sildenafil, diuretics, bronchodilators, and steroids. Four infants had persistent PH. Five infants died after NICU discharge.

Conclusions
Preterm infants receiving iNO have high mortality and 1st year morbidity. As currently used, iNO may be an indicator of respiratory disease severity rather than mediator of improved outcomes.
Change is in the air: key questions on the ‘Treatable Traits’ model for chronic airway diseases in primary care
Authors: Agusti Alvar , Gibson Peter G. , Heaney Liam G. , Thomas Mike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite great advancements in the treatment of chronic airway diseases, improvements in morbidity and mortality have stalled in recent years. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are complex and heterogeneous diseases that require tailored management based on individual patient characteristics and needs. The Treatable Traits (TTs) approach aims to personalise and improve patient care through the identification and targeting of clinically relevant and modifiable pulmonary, extra-pulmonary and behavioural traits. In this article, we outline the rationale for TTs-based management and provide practical guidance for its application in primary care. To aid implementation, seven potential ‘prime’ traits are proposed: airflow obstruction, eosinophilic inflammation, adherence, inhaler technique, smoking, low body mass index/obesity and anxiety and depression—selected for their prevalence, recognisability and feasibility of use. Some of the key questions among healthcare professionals, that may be roadblocks to widespread application of a TTs model of care, are also addressed.
Standardized immunological assays for assessing COVID-19 vaccines by the CEPI-Centralized Laboratory Network
Authors: Azizi Ali , Ogbeni Deborah , Kamuyu Gathoni , Schwartz Lauren M. , Clark Carolyn , Spencer Peter , Bernasconi Valentina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe CEPI Centralized Laboratory Network implemented key steps in the transfer and monitoring of the developed immunological SARS-CoV-2 assays to ensure standardization across all the facilities of the network. This comprehensive evaluation reinforces the reliability of the generated data and establishes a solid foundation for a standardized approach, enabling precise inter-laboratory comparisons and contributing to the overall integrity of our network’s clinical results. Herein, we will provide a brief elaboration on the specific measures and procedures implemented to standardize the transfer of assays across our network.
Gα13 restricts nutrient driven proliferation in mucosal germinal centers
Authors: Nguyen Hang T. , Li Moyi , Vadakath Rahul , Henke Keirstin A. , Tran Tam C. , Li Huifang , Yamadi Maryam , Darbha Sriranjani , Yang Yandan , Kabat Juraj , Albright Anne R. , Centeno Enoc Granados , Phelan James D. , Roulland Sandrine , Huang Da Wei , Kelly Michael C. , Young Ryan M. , Pittaluga Stefania , Difilippantonio Simone , Muppidi Jagan R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGerminal centers (GCs) that form in mucosal sites are exposed to gut-derived factors that have the potential to influence homeostasis independent of antigen receptor-driven selective processes. The G-protein Gα13 confines B cells to the GC and limits the development of GC-derived lymphoma. We discovered that Gα13-deficiency fuels the GC reaction via increased mTORC1 signaling and Myc protein expression specifically in the mesenteric lymph node (mLN). The competitive advantage of Gα13-deficient GC B cells (GCBs) in mLN was not dependent on T cell help or gut microbiota. Instead, Gα13-deficient GCBs were selectively dependent on dietary nutrients likely due to greater access to gut lymphatics. Specifically, we found that diet-derived glutamine supported proliferation and Myc expression in Gα13-deficient GCBs in the mLN. Thus, GC confinement limits the effects of dietary glutamine on GC dynamics in mucosal tissues. Gα13 pathway mutations coopt these processes to promote the gut tropism of aggressive lymphoma.
CoRRE Trait Data: A dataset of 17 categorical and continuous traits for 4079 grassland species worldwide
Authors: Komatsu Kimberly J. , Avolio Meghan L. , Padullés Cubino Josep , Schrodt Franziska , Auge Harald , Cavender-Bares Jeannine , Clark Adam T. , Flores-Moreno Habacuc , Grman Emily , Harpole W. Stanley , Kattge Jens , Kimmel Kaitlin , Koerner Sally E. , Korell Lotte , Langley J. Adam , Münkemüller Tamara , Ohlert Timothy , Onstein Renske E. , Roscher Christiane , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Taylor Benton N. , Tedersoo Leho , Terry Rosalie S. , Wilcox Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn our changing world, understanding plant community responses to global change drivers is critical for predicting future ecosystem composition and function. Plant functional traits promise to be a key predictive tool for many ecosystems, including grasslands; however, their use requires both complete plant community and functional trait data. Yet, representation of these data in global databases is sparse, particularly beyond a handful of most used traits and common species. Here we present the CoRRE Trait Data, spanning 17 traits (9 categorical, 8 continuous) anticipated to predict species’ responses to global change for 4,079 vascular plant species across 173 plant families present in 390 grassland experiments from around the world. The dataset contains complete categorical trait records for all 4,079 plant species obtained from a comprehensive literature search, as well as nearly complete coverage (99.97%) of imputed continuous trait values for a subset of 2,927 plant species. These data will shed light on mechanisms underlying population, community, and ecosystem responses to global change in grasslands worldwide.
Efficient eco-friendly synthesis of carbon nanotubes over graphite nanosheets from yellow corn: a one-step green approach
Authors: Duraia El-shazly M. , Opoku Mikael , Beall Gary W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present work reports the synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) over graphite nanosheets by an easy and simple approach without using any external catalyst. Simply, yellow corn seeds were thermally annealed in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1050 °C for 3 h without any pretreatments. Notably, the growth of MWCNTs was observed to preferentially occur on the outer surface of the corn shell. This uncomplicated approach not only emphasizes the feasibility of synthesizing carbon nanomaterials using agricultural by-products but also underscores the potential applications of these synthesized materials in various fields. Samples were examined through a comprehensive analysis employing various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The findings unveiled the formation of rolled graphene accompanied by the presence of vertical multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) positioned over stacked graphene sheets. This detailed characterization provides insights into the structural features and arrangement of the synthesized materials, paving the way for a deeper understanding of their potential applications. The pyrolysis temperature is a crucial factor in the morphological characteristics of the synthesized carbon nanostructures. While graphene cage-like structures were obtained at 800 °C, small carbon nanotubes were grafted to larger ones and formed three-dimensional hierarchical morphologies when the annealing temperature increased to 900 °C. The growth mechanism of the carbon nanotubes was explained based on the jet self-extrusion of the generated gases through the inherent pores of the corn seeds. The current technique employed in manufacturing MWCNTs shows significant promise as a green synthesis method for producing catalyst-free MWCNTs suitable for industrial applications including sensors and energy storage materials.
Image classification and reconstruction from low-density EEG
Authors: Guenther Sven , Kosmyna Nataliya , Maes Pattie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent advances in visual decoding have enabled the classification and reconstruction of perceived images from the brain. However, previous approaches have predominantly relied on stationary, costly equipment like fMRI or high-density EEG, limiting the real-world availability and applicability of such projects. Additionally, several EEG-based paradigms have utilized artifactual, rather than stimulus-related information yielding flawed classification and reconstruction results. Our goal was to reduce the cost of the decoding paradigm, while increasing its flexibility. Therefore, we investigated whether the classification of an image category and the reconstruction of the image itself is possible from the visually evoked brain activity measured by a portable, 8-channel EEG. To compensate for the low electrode count and to avoid flawed predictions, we designed a theory-guided EEG setup and created a new experiment to obtain a dataset from 9 subjects. We compared five contemporary classification models with our setup reaching an average accuracy of 34.4% for 20 image classes on hold-out test recordings. For the reconstruction, the top-performing model was used as an EEG-encoder which was combined with a pretrained latent diffusion model via double-conditioning. After fine-tuning, we reconstructed images from the test set with a 1000 trial 50-class top-1 accuracy of 35.3%. While not reaching the same performance as MRI-based paradigms on unseen stimuli, our approach greatly improved the affordability and mobility of the visual decoding technology.
Measuring system resilience through a comparison of information- and flow-based network analyses
Authors: Hyde Graham , Fath Brian D. , Zoller Hannah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantifying the properties of complex, self-organizing systems is increasingly important for understanding the development and state of modern systems. Case studies have recommended sustainability frameworks predominately in literature, but little emphasis has been placed on methodological evaluation. Data availability is often an obstacle that constrains conventional flow-based network analysis, but a novel information-based technique (QtAC) developed by zu Castell and Schrenk overcomes these constraints by modelling interactions between agents as information transfers. This study compares the QtAC method to conventional flow analysis by applying both to the same 90-year dataset containing socio-economic data from the island of Samothraki, Greece. Resilience indicators, based on Ulanowicz’s ascendency analysis, are derived on both the information- and flow-based networks. We observe that the resulting dynamics of the information-based networks align closer with complex system dynamics as theorized by the adaptive cycle model. Additionally, we discuss how QtAC offers different interpretations of network indicators when compared to usual interpretations of flow analysis. Ultimately, QtAC is shown to provide an alternative for complex systems analysis if the data situation does not allow for conventional flow-analysis. Furthermore, we show that the combination of both approaches can yield valuable new insights.
Identification of organs of origin of macrophages that produce presepsin via neutrophil extracellular trap phagocytosis
Authors: Kondo Akihiro , Morinishi Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Ikegame Akishige 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPresepsin (P-SEP) is a specific biomarker for sepsis. Monocytes produce P-SEP by phagocytosing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Herein, we investigated whether M1 macrophages (M1 MΦs) are the primary producers of P-SEP after NET phagocytosis. We co-cultured M1 MΦs and NETs from healthy participants, measured P-SEP levels in the culture medium supernatant, and detected P-SEP using western blotting. When NETs were co-cultured with M1 MΦs, the P-SEP level of the culture supernatant was high. Notably, we demonstrated, for the first time, the intracellular kinetics of P-SEP production by M1 MΦs via NET phagocytosis: M1 MΦs produced P-SEP intracellularly 15 min after NET phagocytosis and then released it extracellularly. In a sepsis mouse model, the blood NET ratio and P-SEP levels, detected using ELISA, were significantly increased (p < 0.0001). Intracellular P-SEP analysis via flow cytometry demonstrated that lung, liver, and kidney MΦs produced large amounts of P-SEP. Therefore, we identified these organs as the origin of M1 MΦs that produce P-SEP during sepsis. Our data indicate that the P-SEP level reflects the trend of NETs, suggesting that monitoring P-SEP can be used to both assess NET-induced organ damage in the lungs, liver, and kidneys during sepsis and determine treatment efficacy.
MGLEP: Multimodal Graph Learning for Modeling Emerging Pandemics with Big Data
Authors: Tran Khanh-Tung , Hy Truong Son , Jiang Lili , Vu Xuan-Son 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate forecasting and analysis of emerging pandemics play a crucial role in effective public health management and decision-making. Traditional approaches primarily rely on epidemiological data, overlooking other valuable sources of information that could act as sensors or indicators of pandemic patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, MGLEP, that integrates temporal graph neural networks and multi-modal data for learning and forecasting. We incorporate big data sources, including social media content, by utilizing specific pre-trained language models and discovering the underlying graph structure among users. This integration provides rich indicators of pandemic dynamics through learning with temporal graph neural networks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in pandemic forecasting and analysis, outperforming baseline methods across different areas, pandemic situations, and prediction horizons. The fusion of temporal graph learning and multi-modal data enables a comprehensive understanding of the pandemic landscape with less time lag, cheap cost, and more potential information indicators.
Exploring the dynamics and trends of carbon emission spatiotemporal patterns in the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Zone, China, from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Che Lu , Guo Sidai , Li Yangli , Zhu Yihao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnalysis of the spatial–temporal pattern and trend of carbon emissions provides an important scientific basis for the development of a low-carbon economy. Based on the corrected NPP-VIIRS and DMSP/OLS nighttime light data, a carbon emission model for the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Zone (CCEZ) in China is constructed. Furthermore, the article establishes an integrated qualitative and quantitative research system. The qualitative results show that at the city and county scales, the high carbon emission areas and counties are mainly distributed in Chengdu and Chongqing, while the low carbon emission areas are concentrated in the marginal cities of the CCEZ and the counties with low levels of industrialization around the Sichuan Basin. The high-carbon emission zone tended to expand to the north, and the low-carbon emission zone tended to expand to the south. At the grid scale, the carbon emissions of the CCEZ fluctuated and increased from 2000 to 2020, forming a trend connected with those of the central city, with high carbon emissions at the core and radiating outward expansion. Quantitative analysis revealed that carbon emissions at the county and grid scales exhibited a significant positive global spatial correlation, and the overall correlation degree exhibited an increasing trend.