bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifacial Base‐Pairing Behaviors of 5‐Hydroxyuracil DNA Bases through Hydrogen Bonding and Metal Coordination
Authors: Takezawa Yusuke , Nishiyama Kotaro , Mashima Tsukasa , Katahira Masato , Shionoya Mitsuhiko 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA novel bifacial ligand‐bearing nucleobase, 5‐hydroxyuracil (UOH), which forms both a hydrogen‐bonded base pair (UOH–A) and a metal‐mediated base pair (UOH–M–UOH) has been developed. The UOH–M–UOH base pairs were quantitatively formed in the presence of lanthanide ions such as GdIII when UOH–UOH pairs were consecutively incorporated into DNA duplexes. This result established metal‐assisted duplex stabilization as well as DNA‐templated assembly of lanthanide ions. Notably, a duplex possessing UOH–A base pairs was destabilized by addition of GdIII ions. This observation suggests that the hybridization behaviors of the UOH‐containing DNA strands are altered by metal complexation. Thus, the UOH nucleobase with a bifacial base‐pairing property holds great promise as a component for metal‐responsive DNA materials.
Didecarboxylative Iron‐Catalyzed Bidirectional Aldolization towards Diversity‐Oriented Ketodiol Synthesis
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: September 2015

Abstract1,3‐Acetonedicarboxylic acid was selectively activated by Fe(acac)3, providing a synthetic platform for rapid synthesis of keto‐3,3′‐diols. The bidirectional aldol reaction was efficient for challenging aliphatic aldehydes, providing a rapid route to potentially bioactive complex structures.
Synthesis of Aryl Tri‐ and Difluoromethyl Thioethers via a CH‐Thiocyanation/Fluoroalkylation Cascade
Authors: Jouvin Kévin , Matheis Christian , Goossen Lukas J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn AlCl3‐catalyzed CH thiocyanation was discovered and combined with a Langlois‐type trifluoromethylation to afford aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers directly from arenes, N‐thiocyanatosuccinimide (NTS) and Ruppert–Prakash reagent. An analogous combination with a copper‐mediated difluoromethylation gives access to aryl difluoromethyl thioethers. Both processes proceed with exceptional regioselectivity for the most electron‐rich, sterically least hindered position of the arene. The sulfur and fluoroalkyl groups originate from different sources, so that the use of expensive, preformed fluoroalkylthiolation reagents is avoided.
Salicylketoximes That Target Glucose Transporter 1 Restrict Energy Supply to Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Granchi Carlotta , Qian Yanrong , Lee Hyang Yeon , Paterni Ilaria , Pasero Carolina , Iegre Jessica , Carlson Kathryn E. , Tuccinardi Tiziano , Chen Xiaozhuo , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Hergenrother Paul J. , Minutolo Filippo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe glucose transporter GLUT1 is frequently overexpressed in most tumor tissues because rapidly proliferating cancer cells rely primarily on glycolysis, a low‐efficiency metabolic pathway that necessitates a very high rate of glucose consumption. Because blocking GLUT1 is a promising anticancer strategy, we developed a novel class of GLUT1 inhibitors based on the 4‐aryl‐substituted salicylketoxime scaffold. Some of these compounds are efficient inhibitors of glucose uptake in lung cancer cells and have a notable antiproliferative effect. In contrast to their 5‐aryl‐substituted regioisomers, the newly synthesized compounds reported herein do not display significant binding to the estrogen receptors. The inhibition of glucose uptake in cancer cells by these compounds was further observed by fluorescence microscopy imaging using a fluorescent analogue of glucose. Therefore, blocking the ability of tumor cells to take up glucose by means of these small molecules, or by further optimized derivatives, may be a successful approach in the development of novel anticancer drugs.
Association between Th17‐related cytokines and risk of non–small cell lung cancer among patients with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Liao Chen , Yu Zu-Bin , Meng Gang , Wang Li , Liu Qing-Yun , Chen Liu-Tong , Feng Shuang-Shuang , Tu Hong-Bo , Li Ya-Fei , Bai Li 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDCD4 + T helper 17 (Th17) cells play critical roles in inflammation and tumor development. The involvement of Th17 cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)‐type inflammation‐associated lung cancer has also been confirmed in animal models. However, to the authors' knowledge, it is unknown whether the role of Th17 cells is different in patients with lung cancer complicated with COPD compared with those without COPD. In the current study, the authors attempted to determine the association between the circulating levels of Th17‐related cytokines and the clinical characteristics of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with or without COPD.METHODSThe authors designed a matched case‐control study that included 70 patients with NSCLC with COPD, 148 patients with NSCLC without COPD, and 148 healthy controls. The data regarding the clinicopathological features of these participants were collected. Circulating levels of Th17‐related cytokines, including interleukin (IL) 23 (IL‐23), IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐22, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, were measured.RESULTSThe circulating levels of IL‐23, IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐22, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were found to be significantly higher in the patients with NSCLC compared with the healthy controls (P<.05). The elevated levels were found to be significantly associated with lung cancer risk (P<.05). However, no significant differences were found between patients with NSCLC with COPD and patients without COPD. It is interesting to note that, among patients with NSCLC without COPD, the levels of these cytokines were consistently higher among patients with stage I to stage IIIA disease compared with those with stage IIIB to stage IV disease (P<.05). In addition, the 5 Th17‐related cytokines demonstrated pairwise correlations, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of 0.646 to 0.888 (P<.05).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study indicate a clear association between the Th17‐related cytokine profile and the risk of NSCLC complicated by the presence or absence of COPD. Cancer 2015;121:3122‐9. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Antineoplastic effects of 15(S)‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 13‐S‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Ming‐Yue , Yuan Hui-Ling , Ko Fanny W. S. , Wu Bin , Long Xiang , Du Jing , Wu Jun , Ng Calvin S. H. , Wan Innes Y. P. , Mok Tony S. K. , Hui David S. C. , Underwood Malcolm J. , Chen George G. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have shown that the levels of 15‐lipoxygenase 1 (15‐LOX‐1) and 15‐LOX‐2 as well as their metabolites 13‐S‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13(S)‐HODE) and 15(S)‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)‐HETE) are significantly reduced in smokers with non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Furthermore, animal model experiments have indicated that the reduction of these molecules occurs before the establishment of cigarette smoking carcinogen–induced lung tumors, and this suggests roles in lung tumorigenesis. However, the functions of these molecules remain unknown in NSCLC.METHODSNSCLC cells were treated with exogenous 13(S)‐HODE and 15(S)‐HETE, and then the ways in which they affected cell function were examined. 15‐LOX‐1 and 15‐LOX‐2 were also overexpressed in tumor cells to restore these 2 enzymes to generate endogenous 13(S)‐HODE and 15(S)‐HETE before cell function was assessed.RESULTSThe application of exogenous 13(S)‐HODE and 15(S)‐HETE significantly enhanced the activity of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and activated caspases 9 and 3. The overexpression of 15‐LOX‐1 and 15‐LOX‐2 obviously promoted the endogenous levels of 13(S)‐HODE and 15(S)‐HETE, which were demonstrated to be more effective in the inhibition of NSCLC.CONCLUSIONSThis study has demonstrated that exogenous or endogenous 13(S)‐HODE and 15(S)‐HETE can functionally inhibit NSCLC, likely by activating PPARγ. The restoration of 15‐LOX activity to increase the production of endogenous 15(S)‐HETE and 13(S)‐HODE may offer a novel research direction for molecular targeting treatment of smoking‐related NSCLC. This strategy can potentially avoid side effects associated with the application of synthetic PPARγ ligands. Cancer 2015;121:3130‐45. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Role of a serum‐based biomarker panel in the early diagnosis of lung cancer for a cohort of high‐risk patients
Authors: Yang Da-Wei , Zhang Yong , Hong Qun-Ying , Hu Jie , Li Chun , Pan Bai-Shen , Wang Qun , Ding Fei-Hong , Ou Jia-Xian , Liu Fang-Lei , Zhang Dan , Zhou Jie-Bai , Song Yuan-Lin , Bai Chun-Xue 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDThis study applied a combined cancer biomarker panel to clinically identify small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a high‐risk population.METHODSThe serum levels of 4 biomarkers (progastrin‐releasing peptide [ProGRP], carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCC], and cytokeratin 19 fragment [CYFRA21‐1]) were determined in 153 patients with a high risk of lung cancer (12 with a new diagnosis of SCLC, 52 with NSCLC, and 89 without lung cancer). Information about diagnosis delays was collected through interviews of all participants.RESULTSSignificantly higher serum levels of ProGRP (P < .0001) were found among the SCLC patients versus the rest of the population. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis established the cutoff values of ProGRP, CEA, SCC, and CYFRA21‐1 as 300 pg/mL, 7.3 ng/mL, 3 ng/mL, and 6.5 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ProGRP in diagnosing SCLC were 75% and 100%, respectively. Among the 14 lung cancer patients with a false‐negative computed tomography (CT) result, the diagnostic panel detected 8 additional cancers.CONCLUSIONSThis panel increased the diagnostic specificity for high‐risk subjects (those with renal failure being excluded), and auxiliary to a CT scan, it increased the sensitivity for patients with lung cancer. These results might be applied to shorten the diagnosis delay at health care institutions in China. Cancer 2015;121:3113‐21. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Detection of the Elusive Triazane Molecule (N3H5) in the Gas Phase
Authors: Förstel Marko , Maksyutenko Pavlo , Jones Brant M. , Sun Bing‐Jian , Chen Shih‐Hua , Chang Agnes. H.‐H. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report the detection of triazane (N3H5) in the gas phase. Triazane is a higher order nitrogen hydride of ammonia (NH3) and hydrazine (N2H4) of fundamental importance for the understanding of the stability of single‐bonded chains of nitrogen atoms and a potential key intermediate in hydrogen–nitrogen chemistry. The experimental results along with electronic‐structure calculations reveal that triazane presents a stable molecule with a nitrogen–nitrogen bond length that is a few picometers shorter than that of hydrazine and has a lifetime exceeding 6±2 μs at a sublimation temperature of 170 K. Triazane was synthesized through irradiation of ammonia ice with energetic electrons and was detected in the gas phase upon sublimation of the ice through soft vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization coupled with a reflectron‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. Isotopic substitution experiments exploiting [D3]‐ammonia ice confirmed the identification through the detection of its fully deuterated counterpart [D5]‐triazane (N3D5).
Ultrafast Photogeneration of a Tetrazolinyl Radical
Authors: Kanal Florian , Schleier Domenik , Nuernberger Patrick 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRadicals in solution are crucial for many chemical processes. In this work, we unveil the photoreaction sequence leading to radical formation from tetrazolium salts, which are extensively used in enzyme assays and also exhibit a rich photochemistry. Upon UV irradiation, the tetrazolium ion turns into the tetrazolinyl radical via two intermediates on a nanosecond timescale. The solvent's polarity governs the rate of formation, but the reaction pathway towards the tetrazolinyl radical is identical for aqueous and alcoholic solutions, although the final photoproduct distribution differs. These observations provide new insight into the versatile reactivity of tetrazolium salts and ultrafast radical formation in the liquid phase.
Chemical‐Bath‐Deposited Indium Oxide Microcubes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Mali Mukund G. , Yoon Hyun , Kim Hayong , Joshi Bhavana , Al‐Deyab Salem S. , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe fabricated films of cubic indium oxide (In2O3) by chemical bath deposition (CBD) for solar water splitting. The fabricated films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis, Raman scattering, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, and the three‐dimensional microstructure of the In2O3 cubes was elucidated. The CBD deposition time was varied, to study its effect on the growth of the In2O3 microcubes. The optimal deposition time was determined to be 24 h, and the corresponding film exhibited a photocurrent density of 0.55 mA cm−2. Finally, the film stability was tested by illuminating the films with light from an AM 1.5 filter with an intensity of 100 mW cm−2.
Multiplexing of receptor occupancy measurements for pharmacodynamic biomarker assessment of biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Vainshtein Inna , Schneider Amy K. , Sun Bo , Schwickart Martin , Roskos Lorin K. , Liang Meina 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundReceptor occupancy (RO) assays measure drug target engagement, and are used as pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers. RO assays are commonly performed by flow cytometry and often require multiplexing for assessment of multiple PD biomarkers when specimen volumes are limited. We present multiplexed RO assays for an IGF1R‐EGFR bispecific antibody (Bs‐Ab) and a CTLA4‐Ig recombinant fusion protein to demonstrate key considerations for accurate RO assessment.MethodsRO in cynomolgus monkeys was determined in whole blood using flow cytometry. Free and total receptors were measured using anti‐receptor fluorescence‐labeled detection reagents, competitive and noncompetitive to drug, respectively.ResultsRO of IGF1R was examined as PD for Bs‐Ab, since IGF1R was expressed on blood cells. Multiplexed measurements of free and total IGF1R showed that IGF1R expression measured by total receptor was highly variable, impacting interpretation of free‐IGF1R. Normalization of free‐over‐total IGF1R measurements compensated for variability of receptor expression allowing for accurate RO assessment. RO of CTLA4‐Ig, a recombinant fusion protein targeting CD80 and CD86 receptors, was multiplexed to simultaneously measure target engagements for both receptors. Both RO methods demonstrated specificity of receptor measurements without cross‐reactivity to each other in multiplexed formats. RO methods were used for evaluation of PD activity of Bs‐Ab and CTLA4‐Ig in cynomolgus monkeys. In both cases, RO results showed dose‐dependent target engagement, corresponding well to the pharmacokinetics.ConclusionsMultiplexed RO methods allowed accurate assessment of PD activity for Bs‐Ab and CTLA4‐Ig, facilitating development of these biopharmaceuticals from preclinical to clinical stages. © 2015 The Authors Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression, correlation, and prognostic value of TRAF2 and TRAF4 expression in malignant plural effusion cells in human breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Juan , Ren Hua‐Yan , Yang Fan , Wang Jian , Wu Guang‐Ping , Mi Xiao‐Yi 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundTRAF2 and TRAF4, members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor‐ associated factor family of intracellular signal transduction proteins, are associated with breast cancer progression and metastasis.MethodsWe collected malignant serous effusion cells from the patients with breast cancer (n = 46). Cell blocks prepared from plural effusions (n = 46) and primary breast cancer (n = 50), lymph node metastases (n = 50), and normal breast tissue specimens (n = 30). The immunohistochemistry was performed for the detection of TRAF2 and TRAF4 expression with the correlation of their expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival rate analyzed.ResultsCompared with normal breast tissues, TRAF2 expression was upregulated, and nuclear TRAF4 expression was downregulated in malignant pleural effusion cells, primary tumors, and lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed TRAF2 expression in pleural effusions was associated with the molecular/pathological type, venous invasion, and lymph node metastasis, while nuclear TRAF4 expression was associated with age, tumor size, venous invasion, and lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, molecular/pathological subtype and p53 status (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between TRAF2 and TRAF4 expression levels in malignant pleural effusion cells (r = 0.937; P < 0.01). Kaplan‐Meire analysis demonstrated a close correlation of TRAF2 and TRAF4 expression in malignant pleural effusion cells with cumulative overall survival (P < 0.05).ConclusionTRAF2 and nuclear TRAF4 expression in malignant pleural effusion cells may represent potential prognostic factors and biomarkers of invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:897–903. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anorexia nervosa, emotional go/no‐go, and the distinct effect of testosterone
Authors: Hildebrandt Tom , Grotzinger Andrew , Schulz Kurt 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveBehavioral disinhibition in the context of negative emotion (e.g., disgust, fear, etc.) may promote the core psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN). Affective models of AN position a number of clinical behaviors as functioning to reduce negative affect. Gonadal hormone dysregulation, in particular testosterone, likely plays some role in this process.MethodAdolescent and young adult AN (n = 32) and healthy control (HC; n = 20) participants completed an emotional go/no‐go task—a valenced measure of behavioral disinhibition—and had blood drawn to assess gonadal steroid hormone concentrations.ResultsAnalyses indicated that patients with AN committed significantly more commission errors, which measures the tendency to respond to nontarget stimuli. This effect was qualified by the valence of the stimulus; the higher relative level of error was true for disgust and happy stimuli, but not neutral stimuli. Hormone analyses revealed a testosterone by group interaction. Testosterone was associated with decreased commission errors for patients with AN, but had no discernible relationship with task outcome for HCs. These effects were not confounded by weight, pubertal status, or self‐reported anxiety or depression.DiscussionThese findings suggest patients with AN have difficulty inhibiting behavior in the context of emotional stimuli, and that this disinhibition is negatively related to levels of circulating androgens. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:69–76).
Lipocalin‐2 ensures host defense against Salmonella Typhimurium by controlling macrophage iron homeostasis and immune response
Authors: Nairz Manfred , Schroll Andrea , Haschka David , Dichtl Stefanie , Sonnweber Thomas , Theurl Igor , Theurl Milan , Lindner Ewald , Demetz Egon , Aßhoff Malte , Bellmann‐Weiler Rosa , Müller Raphael , Gerner Romana R. , Moschen Alexander R. , Baumgartner Nadja , Moser Patrizia L. , Talasz Heribert , Tilg Herbert , Fang Ferric C. , Weiss Günter 
Published: September 2015

Lipocalin‐2 (Lcn2) is an innate immune peptide with pleiotropic effects. Lcn2 binds iron‐laden bacterial siderophores, chemo‐attracts neutrophils and has immunomodulatory and apoptosis‐regulating effects.In this study, we show that upon infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Lcn2 promotes iron export from Salmonella‐infected macrophages, which reduces cellular iron content and enhances the generation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Lcn2 represses IL‐10 production while augmenting Nos2, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 expression. Lcn2−/− macrophages have elevated IL‐10 levels as a consequence of increased iron content. The crucial role of Lcn‐2/IL‐10 interactions was further demonstrated by the greater ability of Lcn2−/− IL‐10−/− macrophages and mice to control intracellular Salmonella proliferation in comparison to Lcn2−/− counterparts. Overexpression of the iron exporter ferroportin‐1 in Lcn2−/− macrophages represses IL‐10 and restores TNF‐α and IL‐6 production to the levels found in wild‐type macrophages, so that killing and clearance of intracellular Salmonella is promoted.Our observations suggest that Lcn2 promotes host resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium infection by binding bacterial siderophores and suppressing IL‐10 production, and that both functions are linked to its ability to shuttle iron from macrophages.
Electroanalysis of Pyridoxine at Copper Nanoparticles Modified Polycrystalline Gold Electrode
Authors: Kassem Mohammed A. , Hazazi Omar A. , Ohsaka T. , Awad M. I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPyridoxine is analyzed using square wave voltammetry (SWV) at copper nanoparticles (nano‐Cu) modified poly‐crystalline gold electrode (nano‐Cu/Au). Nano‐Cu/Au is fabricated by a potential scan electrodeosition technique. Nano‐Cu/Au electrode has been characterized morphologically and electrochemically. The analysis of pyridoxine at nano‐Cu/Au electrode is achieved utilizing the quenching of copper voltammetric response due to the complexation with pyridoxine forming an electroinactive complex. Pyridoxine selectively forms complex with copper ions (modifier), but not with Au (underlying substrate) as supported by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Using SWV the calibration curve for pyridoxine analysis was obtained in the concentration range of 0.3–2.7 µM with high correlation coefficient. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of pyridoxine in two dosage forms.
Electrochemiluminescence Quenching by Halide Ions at Bipolar Electrodes
Authors: Fan Sanjun , Shannon Curtis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractQuenching of Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence (ECL) by Cl−, Br−, and I− ions was studied as a function of halide concentration in a bipolar electrochemical cell. All of the halides investigated showed similar qualitative behavior: above a critical concentration, ECL intensity was found to decrease linearly as the halide ion concentration was increased, due to dynamic quenching of Ru(bpy)32+ ECL. Stern‐Volmer slopes (KSV) of 0.111±0.003, 4.2±0.3, and 6.2±0.3 mM−1 were measured for Cl−, Br− and I−, respectively. The magnitude of KSV correlates with halide ion oxidation potential, consistent with an electron transfer quenching mechanism. Using the bipolar platform described herein, aqueous, halide‐containing solutions could be quantified rapidly using the sequential standard addition method. The lower detection limit is determined by a complex mechanism involving the competitive electrooxidation of halide ions and the ECL co‐reactants, as well as the passivation of the surface of the bipolar electrode, and was found to be 0.20±0.01, 0.08±0.01 and 10±1 mM, respectively, for I−, Br−, and Cl−. The performance of the bipolar ECL quenching assay is comparable to previously published fluorescence quenching methods for the determination of halide ions, while being much simpler and less expensive to implement.