bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of molecular hydrogen against oxidative stress caused by peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide in rat retina
Authors: Yokota Takashi , Kamimura Naomi , Igarashi Tsutomu , Takahashi Hiroshi , Ohta Shigeo , Oharazawa Hideaki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundOxidative and nitrative processes have an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress occurs when cellular production of reactive oxygen species outweighs the protective capacity of antioxidant defences. Reactive oxygen species are generated as by‐products of cellular metabolism, primarily in the mitochondria. Herein, we present a novel investigation of the effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) on retinal cells exposed to oxidative stress.MethodsWe cultured adult rat retinal tissues in an organotypic culture system with a nitric oxide donor, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine, in the presence or absence of H2. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of retinal cells were analysed using a MitoTMRE detection kit and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Tyrosine nitration levels and oxidative stress damage in the retina were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Retinal damage was quantified by measuring the numbers of cells in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers and the thickness of the retina.ResultsH2 suppressed loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis in retinal cells. Moreover, H2 decreased the tyrosine nitration level and suppressed oxidative stress damage in retinal cells. S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine treatment decreased the cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, but the presence of H2 inhibited this reduction. These findings suggest that H2 has a neuroprotective effect against retinal cell oxidative damage, presumably by scavenging peroxynitrite.ConclusionsH2 reduces cellular peroxynitrite, a highly toxic reactive nitrogen species. Thus, H2 may be an effective and novel clinical tool for treating glaucoma and other oxidative stress‐related diseases.
Promoting quality parent–child visits: the power of the parent–foster parent relationship
Authors: Nesmith Ande , Patton Ruth , Christophersen Kaitlin , Smart Claire 
Published: March 2015

AbstractParent–child visits for children in foster care are often fraught with tension, particularly between foster parents and parents. Qualitative interviews with 42 social workers, foster parents and parents revealed more positive relations when foster parents recognized parent fears and shared power over parenting decisions with them. Social workers can support the process by clarifying visiting expectations and encouraging foster parents to reach out to parents.
A Retrospective Clinical Study with Regard to Survival and Success Rates of Zirconia Implants up to and after 7 Years of Loading
Authors: Roehling Stefan , Woelfler Henriette , Hicklin Stefan , Kniha Heinz , Gahlert Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeThe study aims to retrospectively investigate the clinical performance of first‐generation zirconia implants with a sandblasted surface up to and after 7 years of loading.Materials and MethodsClinical records of patients treated with zirconia implants between 2004 and 2009 were screened. Consequently, adequate patients were invited to a clinical and radiographic investigation to classify each implant according to strict success criteria.ResultsSeventy‐one patients receiving 161 implants were available for the evaluation. Overall, 36 implants (22.4%) were lost due to early (n = 14) and late failures (n = 4) or fractures (n = 18). All surviving 125 implants fulfilled the success criteria. None of the investigated implants had a history of peri‐implant infections. Mean values with regard to gingival index, plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, and probing depth were 0.03, 0.23, 0.59, and 2.80 mm, respectively. The radiographically evaluated mean crestal bone loss was 0.97 ± 0.07 mm. Diameter‐reduced implants (3.25 mm) showed lower survival (58.5%) compared with implants with a diameter of 4.0 mm (88.9%) and 5.0 mm (78.6%). The overall longitudinal survival rate was 77.3%.ConclusionsFirst‐generation zirconia implants showed low overall survival and success rates. The evaluated clinical and radiographic parameters were consistent with healthy peri‐implant tissues. Additionally, nonfractured failures were not associated with peri‐implant infections.
Analyzing the Influence of a New Dental Implant Design on Primary Stability
Authors: da Costa Valente Mariana Lima , de Castro Denise Tornavoi , Shimano Antonio Carlos , Lepri César Penazzo , dos Reis Andréa Cândido 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe macrogeometry of dental implants strongly influences the primary stability and hence the osseointegration process.PurposeCompare the performance of conventional and modified implant models in terms of primary stability.Materials and MethodsA total of 36 implants (Neodent®) with two different formats (n = 18): Alvim CM (Conical CM, Ø 4.3 mm × 10 mm in length) and Titamax Ti (Cylindrical HE, Ø 4.0 mm × 11 mm in length) were inserted into artificial bone blocks. Nine implants from each set were selected to undergo external geometry changes. The primary stability was quantified by insertion torque and resonance frequency using an Osstell device and the pullout test. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical evaluation.ResultsThe comparative analysis of the implants showed a significant increase of the insertion torque for the modified Conical CM implants (p = 0.000) and Cylindrical HE (p = 0.043); for the resonance frequency the modified Cylindrical HE showed a lower statistical mean (p = 0.002) when compared to the conventional model, and in the pullout test both modified implants showed significant reduction (p = 0.000).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, the proposed modification showed good stability levels and advantages when compared to the conventional implants.
Talking Deeper about Cultural Difference: A Digital Interactive from Melbourne
Authors: Henry David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Talking Difference Portable Studio from the Immigration Museum in Melbourne, Australia provides a unique example of an installation that facilitates intercultural dialogue beyond the walls of the museum. The Studio is a custom‐designed digital interactive that tours public libraries, schools, and community centers, encouraging participants to engage with one another's ideas about racism and cultural diversity by creating and responding to video questions. This essay applies a theoretical framework informed by dialogic theory and contemporary intercultural and museum studies to examine digital content produced in the Studio. The analysis indicates that there is a high degree of thematic consistency in content produced across a diverse range of touring locations. While responses vary in the extent to which they demonstrate critical engagement, the project affords participants a sense of ownership over their representations, and their responses generally support a broadly conceived openness to cultural difference. On this basis, the project furthers a promising form of intercultural dialogue.
Construction of Nest Defensive Structure According to Offspring Value and Its Effect on Predator's Attack Decision in Paper Wasps
Authors: Furuichi Sho , Kasuya Eiiti 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVarious organisms are known to build nests with defensive structures to protect their offspring from predation, but our understanding of plasticity in the nest structure remains poor. In this study, we investigated whether a paper wasp, Polistes chinensis antennalis, adjusted the construction of nest defensive structure according to the value of their offspring, and we also analysed the effect of adjusting the construction of the structure on predator's decision to attack. P. chinensis antennalis foundresses start a colony and maintain her nest alone until the emergence of workers. During this stage, foundresses often construct a defensive structure on cocoon caps of pupae using nest materials (pulp), which prevents predation of pupae by conspecifics from other nests. The value of pupae to the foundress varies among those in a nest, where the value is higher in pupae that spun the cocoon (and initiated pupation) earlier than other pupae in the nest. From field observations, we found that foundresses constructed a larger pulp structure on the cocoons of pupae that cocooned earlier in the order of cocoon spinning, even after considering confounding factors. We also found that the probability of a pupa being attacked by conspecific intruders decreased with the size of pulp structure on the cocoon. This indicates that intruders avoid attacking cocoons with larger pulp structures. Our study indicates that foundresses adjust the construction of nest defensive structures according to their offspring value, and this allows them to protect the high‐value offspring efficiently and effectively.
Patterns of Sperm Transfer in the Golden Orb‐WeaverNephila edulis
Authors: Ceballos Leonor , Jones Therésa M. , Elgar Mark A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSperm competition studies typically identify copulation duration as an important predictor of paternity as it may determine the quantity of sperm transferred and thus paternity success. This study explores the relationship between copulation duration, male body size, male age and sperm transfer in the golden orb‐weaving spider,Nephila edulis. Paternity in this species is strongly associated with the relative frequency and duration of copulation, which is also influenced by male size. We determined the number of sperm transferred during copulation, by performing sperm counts in both the male copulatory organs (palps) and female sperm receptacle (spermatheca) of recently mated pairs. The total number of sperm recorded (the sum in the male palps and female spermathecae) was greater for younger males than older males, but did not vary with male body size. In general, younger males transferred more sperm and a greater proportion of their sperm supplies than older males and, among these younger males, larger individuals transferred more sperm. However, there were no significant size effects for older males. More sperm was transferred with longer copulations, but in contrast with previous studies, we found that larger males copulated for longer. The rate of sperm transferred was negatively correlated with the duration of copulation, suggesting that the variation in copulation duration inN. edulismay represent strategic investment by males to alter patterns of paternity, in addition to transferring additional sperm.
First Evidence of Inclusive Sexual Selection in the Ant Cataglyphis cursor: Worker Aggressions Differentially Affect Male Access to Virgin Queens
Authors: Helft Florence , Monnin Thibaud , Doums Claudie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSexual selection typically shapes the traits of individuals capable of reproduction. However, in social species, it may also affect the behaviour of non‐reproductive individuals if this increases their inclusive fitness. We examined the potential role of workers during mating in the polyandrous ant Cataglyphis cursor. In this species, mating takes place on the ground near the nest entrance, and workers chase away foreign males trying to mate with young queens (gynes). We investigated the effects of worker aggression on male mating attempts by placing three or four males in the presence of one foreign gyne and 20 of her nestmate workers and contrasted this with a second group of 3–4 males in the presence of another gyne without nestmate workers (n = 8 paired replicates). Workers strongly attacked males (more than 20 aggressions per minute), although this did not affect the total number of mating attempts by the 3–4 males or the skew in the number of mating attempts among these males. However, there was an interaction between worker aggression and relative male weight, as relatively heavy males attempted to mate more often than lighter males in the absence of worker whereas the reverse occurred in the presence of workers. Our study is the first to experimentally test the potential role of non‐reproductive individuals in sexual selection. It shows that workers could potentially change male mating success by disfavouring heavier males.
Taxonomic aggregation does not alleviate the lack of consistency in analysing diversity in long‐term phytoplankton monitoring data: a rejoinder to Pomati et al. (2015)
Authors: Straile Dietmar , Jochimsen Marc C. , Kümmerlin Reiner 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Long‐term phytoplankton monitoring provides an important resource for studying the effects of environmental change on communities and testing ecological hypotheses. However, because of identification difficulties, maintaining consistency in the data over long periods is extremely difficult. It is usually assumed that consistency is improved when only one taxonomist is responsible throughout, and/or when data are aggregated to a coarser taxonomic level. Neither assumption has been critically tested. We address the comment of Pomati et al. (2015) on our earlier Opinion paper (Straile et al, 2013) and test these assumptions with the long‐term data from Lake Zurich.

We show that aggregation to coarser taxonomic levels does not improve data set consistency because: (i) the proportional effect of misclassification is unlikely to be reduced by lumping taxa since the fewer misclassifications affect the dynamics of an overall lower number of taxa, that is the proportional effect is constant, and (ii) because changes in detection limits will affect all taxonomic levels proportionally.

We also show that, although a single taxonomist supervised phytoplankton recordings, data consistency is undermined by: (i) learning via exchange with other taxonomists and participation in taxonomic workshops, and (ii) a reduction in detection limits of species, presumably due to an increase in the number of taxonomists (allowing an increased processing time per sample).

As a consequence of (i) a reduction in detection limits, (ii) the confirmed taxonomic learning and (iii) the failure of taxonomic aggregation to improve consistency, our new evidence strengthens the view that there are consistency problems in the Lake Zurich data set, and the need for a critical review of the conclusions of Pomati et al. (2012) and Matthews & Pomati (2012).
Habitat mediates the outcome of a cleaning symbiosis for a facultatively burrowing crayfish
Authors: Ames Catlin W. , Helms Brian S. , Stoeckel James A. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Branchiobdellidans are small, symbiotic annelids (Clitellata) that can have positive effects on the survival and growth of the crayfish host. We hypothesised that branchiobdellidans would be particularly beneficial to crayfish that move to underground burrows (characterised by poor water quality) as surface waters recede.

In surface water mesocosms, the symbioses were mutualistic, with worm (Cambarincola barbarae.) density increasing over time and crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) growing faster when worms were present.

Contrary to previous studies, the outcome did not shift from mutualism to parasitism at high worm densities.

In burrowing chambers in the laboratory, the symbiotic relationship was lost, as worm density decreased by 92% and crayfish growth ceased. Similarly, in burrows excavated in field experiments, worm density decreased by 84%.

Rather than the symbiotic relationship increasing survival when crayfish moved underground, this crayfish species may be faced with a trade‐off between the benefits of a mutualism with worms while on the surface and protection from heat stress and desiccation by burrowing when water levels are low.
Seasonal depletion of resources intensifies trophic interactions in subarctic freshwater fish communities
Authors: Hayden Brian , Harrod Chris , Sonninen Eloni , Kahilainen Kimmo K. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Climate change in recent decades has resulted in an increase in both the density and diversity of consumers in subarctic freshwater ecosystems. Despite this, harsh winter conditions in the region limit productivity and may serve as a bottleneck driving trophic interactions within the fish community, potentially determining the outcome of climate change for resident biota. However, due to the difficulties in sampling during winter months, few studies have assessed seasonal variation in the ecological interactions between native and range‐expanding species in subarctic regions.

We examined seasonal variation in activity, diet (stomach content) and resource use (δ13C and δ15N stable isotope ratios) of two fishes: the resident cold‐water‐adapted European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) and the range‐expanding cool‐water‐adapted ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua L.) in lakes with low and high consumer density. Results were contrasted with seasonal availability of benthic and pelagic resources and indirect measures of individual fitness, that is condition, growth and estimated lipid content (muscle elemental C : N ratio) of both species.

The effects of fish density were apparent in both the diet and resource use of whitefish, which altered their diet and displayed reduced stomach fullness during winter in high‐density lakes. This was associated with an overall reduction in whitefish growth, condition and estimated lipid content in high‐density lakes, which was especially pronounced during winter.

Ruffe utilised a greater proportion of profundal resources than whitefish in both summer and winter, potentially exploiting a vacant niche. Ruffe maintained condition and lipid reserves throughout the winter, highlighting the potential for further northward range expansion of the species.

Winter acts as a seasonal bottleneck in subarctic lakes, but assumptions that this bottleneck primarily selects against warmer‐water‐adapted invasive species such as ruffe may be too restrictive. The effects of seasonal resource depletion on fish condition and invertebrate density were most severe in lakes with a high density of fish, and in these conditions, the cold‐water‐adapted resident whitefish was most adversely affected.
Norwegian elderly patients’ need for drug information and attitudes towards medication use reviews in community pharmacies
Authors: Mamen Anette Vik , Håkonsen Helle , Kjome Reidun L S , Gustavsen-Krabbesund Bjørn , Toverud Else-Lydia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Medication use review (MUR) is a community pharmacy service in several countries. Knowledge about what patients want from such a service is limited. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate Norwegian elderly patients’ need for drug information and their attitudes towards MURs.

Methods
In Norway’s two largest cities, 162 patients (72% women; mean age: 78.9 years) who used at least one prescription drug were recruited from 18 senior centres. They were interviewed personally with a structured questionnaire (29 closed and 4 open-ended questions).

Key findings
The average number of prescription drugs used was 4.4. Seventy per cent also used over-the-counter drugs. The main source of drug information was the general practitioner (GP) followed by package inserts and pharmacy staff. For drug-related problems, 62% would contact the GP compared with 24% who preferred the pharmacist. Fifty per cent remembered no information when collecting prescriptions. However, 56% wanted to know more about their medication and 55% were interested in a MUR. The main topics they wished to address were effect/side effects and interactions. Lack of privacy was reported to be a major obstacle in the current situation.

Conclusions
This study shows that community pharmacies in Norway play a minor role regarding drug information to elderly polypharmacy patients. The GP is both their main information source and whom they contact for drug-related problems. However, half of the patients would like to know more about their medication. More than half were positive towards taking part in a MUR.
Easy and cheap way to prepare skin extenders
Authors: Stanizzi Antonio , Tartaglione Caterina , Bolletta Elisa , Gioacchini Matteo , Bottoni Manuela , Talevi Davide , Di Benedetto Giovanni 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSkin extender is a very useful method to repair wounds when oedema and skin retraction make a direct suture impossible. We have developed a new, simple and cheap way to prepare skin extenders based only on elastic vessel loops and metal clips stapler commonly used for skin suture and available in any operating room.This simple method can be performed both in the operating room and at the patient bedside, even under local anaesthesia, causes no bleeding and appears to be inexpensive and rapidly usable and should be made readily available in any hospital.
The nested graft acts by inducing the process of de‐senescence of the fibroblasts in chronic venous ulcers
Authors: Gualdi Giulio , Crotti Silvia , Monari Paola , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , Vitali Massimiliano , Baronio Manuela , Lougaris Vassilios 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSenescent fibroblasts, which are present in chronic ulcers, are the reason for the wound becoming chronic. In this study, we introduce full‐thickness micro skin grafts in the ulcer, a surgical technique known as a ‘nested graft’, which gave encouraging results leading to complete wound healing in all patients. The assessment of fibroblast cultures taken from the wound before and after treatment and comparison with fibroblasts from healthy skin showed that the fibroblasts taken from the ulcer after the nested graft treatment acquire morpho‐functional characteristics overlapping those of fibroblasts from healthy skin. This surgical approach is, therefore, able to lead to the healing of chronic ulcers through the de‐senescence of the fibroblasts.
Fracture Toughness of Porous Material of LSCF in Bulk and Film Forms
Authors: Chen Zhangwei , Wang Xin , Giuliani Finn , Atkinson Alan 
Published: March 2015

Fracture toughness of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3‐δ (LSCF) in both bulk and film forms after sintering at 900°C to 1200°C was measured using both single‐edge V‐notched beam (SEVNB) 3‐point bending and Berkovich indentation. FIB/SEM slice‐and‐view observation after indentation revealed the presence of Palmqvist radial crack systems after indentation of the bulk materials. Based on crack length measurements, the fracture toughness of bulk LSCF specimens was determined to be in the range 0.54–0.99 MPa·m1/2 (depending on sintering temperature), in good agreement with the SEVNB measurements (0.57–1.13 MPa·m1/2). The fracture toughness was approximately linearly dependent on porosity over the range studied. However, experiments on films showed that the generation of observable indentation‐induced cracks was very difficult for films sintered at temperatures below 1200°C. This was interpreted as being the result of the substrate having much higher modulus than these films. Cracks were only detectable in the films sintered at 1200°C and gave an apparent toughness of 0.17 MPa·m1/2 using the same analysis as for bulk specimens. This value is much smaller than that for bulk material with the same porosity. The residual thermal expansion mismatch stress measured using XRD was found to be responsible for such a low apparent toughness.