bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Distortion of Seismic Imaging in the Presence of Mesoscale Eddies and Analysis of Influencing Factors
Authors: Li‐Li JI , Mian LIN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCombined with seismic simulation methods, the parabolic equation method is used to investigate the distortion of seismic imaging of the target stratum caused by mesoscale eddies. Seismic wave fields for different frequencies and water depths are simulated. It is found that the seismic imaging of the target stratum, due to the perturbation of eddies, does not agree with the real stratum and the distortions increase with the water depth and the frequency. Analysis of the mechanism of distortions suggests that the perturbation of temperature gradient caused by eddies is one of the most important reasons. To facilitate engineering application, we deduce a relationship among the maximum distorted rate of seismic imaging, the temperature difference and the effective intensity of eddies. The results of this paper could provide guidance for enhancement of accuracy of seismic imaging in deep sea.
Anomalous Tremor Waves in Tidal Observations
Authors: Jun JIANG , Yan‐Bin ZHANG , Gang LIN , De‐Cong CHEN , Chang LI , Yun‐Peng ZHANG , Xiao‐Fei MA , Xiao‐Hui WAN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn observations of the earth tide, there are often some anomalous microseisms in tidal signals. These microseisms are observed by broadband digital seismographs at the same time. Some of these microseisms are generated by tropical cyclones in the western Pacific, and others are mostly accompanied by major earthquakes, called anomalous tremor waves. This article outlines the earthquake and tide observation station of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), and reports the anomalous tremor waves recorded by the DZW gravimeter and VS‐1 tiltmeter at this station. A lot of observations show that the anomalous tremor waves appeared in the records of the low‐pass 1 channel (LP1) of the DZW gravimeter and VS‐1 tiltmeter, but were rare in that of the low‐pass 2 channel (LP2) of the instruments and other tidal instruments. The envelope of the anomalous tremor waves is mostly like a spindle or tail, with a duration of 1 to 3 days. The research of the anomalous tremor waves and the tidal instruments suggests that these anomalous tremor waves are actually micro‐tremor signals originated from complex sources, which have a wide response range, and can be recorded by broadband digital seismographs and tidal instruments. The main periods of the anomalous tremor waves aroused by the tropical cyclone in the western Pacific are about 3∼7 s, and the tremor waves before earthquakes have not only a main period of 3∼7 s but also 10∼60 s or longer periods. The differences of the responses of tidal instruments to anomalous tremor waves are mainly decided by the transfer function and property of the instruments. The DZW gravimeter and VS‐1 tiltmeter take samples per minute, so the anomalous tremor waves are the aliasing or mapping of the real signals. Whether the anomalous tremor waves before earthquakes are related to the earthquakes, or a seismic precursor needs more detailed and deeper analysis.
Determination of the Ionospheric Electron Density Profile from FUV Remote Sensing Measurements
Authors: Jing WANG , Yi TANG , Zhi‐Ge ZHANG , Xu‐Li ZHENG , Guo‐Qiang NI 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:A limb viewing model is established in this paper based on GUVI measurements of OI 135.6 nm nightglow and a method with Chapman function describing the distribution of ionospheric electron density is presented to obtain the ionospheric electron density profile. We apply the regularization and Newton iteration method to calculate ionospheric peak electron density and peak height with GUVI measurements, eliminating the ill condition of the weighted matrix. The ionospheric electron density profile is obtained using the calculated peak electron density and peak height as inputs. To evaluate the fidelity of the proposed algorithm in this paper, the retrieved electron density profiles are compared with those from ground‐based observations. The results show that the retrieved electron density profiles agree well with those from ISR. Afterwards, the effects of magnetic storms on EDP are studied with the retrieved EDPs of the period between Sep 29 and Oct 3, 2002.
Interdecadal Linkages Between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Interhemispheric Air Mass Oscillation and Their Possible Connections with East Asian Monsoon
Authors: Chu‐Han LU , Zhao‐Yong GUAN , Yong‐Hua LI , Ying‐Ying BAI 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) recently emerged in the literature as a robust signal in the Northern Hemisphere climate variability. Many studies reported that the relationships between PDO and East Asian monsoon (EAM) and climate variability in China are significant. Their possible mechanisms are, however, still unclear. Using the observational NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and Chinese station data during the period of 1969–2008, this study investigates the interdecadal relationship between Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and interhemispheric air mass imbalance or oscillation (IHO) between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The possible connection of PDO and IHO with both East Asian monsoon and climate variability in China are also assessed. It is found that the interdecadal components (11∼38 years) of PDO, IHO, and EAM contribute large variance to low frequency variations, and they are well‐matched with each other on (inter) decadal timescale. In particular, their negative phases mainly appeared in the 1970 s and late 1990 s, while positive phase in period from 1980 s to mid 1990 s. Decadal change of global mean air columnar temperature may be the key factor for the notable difference between PDO and IHO from mid 1970 s to mid 1990 s. The spatial distributions of PDO and IHO associated surface air temperature and surface pressure anomalies exhibit high similarity and large scale characteristics, indicative of their intimate linkage with air mass redistribution over the global domain especially over 30°S–50°N. The PDO associated columnar integral of velocity potential anomalies that maintain the air mass redistribution show a dipole pattern with air mass flux emanating mainly from the eastern hemisphere to the Pacific regions in positive PDO phase. This contributes to hemispherical and land‐sea mass exchange and redistribution, and also leads to the decadal displacement of both upward and downward branch of Walker circulation. In positive phase of PDO, an anomalous anticyclone is found in the Mongolian region in both boreal summer and winter seasons, inducing significant anomalous northerlies in the eastern China, and hence intensifying (weakening) the east Asian winter (summer) monsoon. Consequently, the interdecadal components of temperature and precipitation at most stations in east China are simultaneously correlated with the Pacific decadal oscillation index significantly.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationships of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as TGR5 Agonists
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Ye Yangliang , Ning Mengmeng , Mándi Attila , Feng Ying , Zou Qingan , Kurtán Tibor , Leng Ying , Shen Jianhua 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGiven its role in the mediation of energy and glucose homeostasis, the G‐protein‐coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) is considered a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders. By thorough analysis of diverse structures of published TGR5 agonists, a hypothetical ligand‐based pharmacophore model was built, and a new class of potent TGR5 agonists, based on the novel 3,4,5‐trisubstituted 4,5‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole core, was discovered by rational design. Three distinct synthetic methods for constructing 4,5‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles and extensive structure–activity relationship studies are reported herein. Compound (R)‐54 n, the structure of which was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and quantum chemical solid‐state TDDFT‐ECD calculations, showed the best potency, with an EC50 value of 1.4 nM toward hTGR5. Its favorable properties in vitro warrant further investigation.
Interest of the Precatalyst Design for Olefin Metathesis Operating in a Discontinuous Nanofiltration Membrane Reactor
Authors: Nasser Ghassan , Renouard Thierry , Shahane Saurabh , Fischmeister Cédric , Bruneau Christian , Rabiller‐Baudry Murielle 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study aimed at evaluating the impact of the structure of several new olefin metathesis homogeneous catalysts on the performances of a membrane reactor running in a discontinuous mode and equipped with a nanofiltration membrane that was stable in toluene. A set of tailor‐made ruthenium‐based precatalysts were prepared with a first objective of enhancing the retention of the precatalyst, that is the stable source of the active catalyst, by organic solvent nanofiltration using a commercial polyimide membrane (Starmem 122). These prototype precatalysts were designed taking into account both the molecular weight and the physicochemical characteristics allowing up to 99.6 % retention of the precatalyst in toluene. The new precatalysts were then engaged in a model ring‐closing metathesis reaction in the membrane reactor. Results, expressed as the precatalyst apparent turnover number, showed significant differences according to the selected precatalyst, underlining that the membrane reactor advantages and limitations were closely linked to the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. In addition to the retention of the precatalyst by the membrane, a major parameter was the percentage of the precatalyst really activated during the first load of the substrate since that controls the residual amount of precatalyst to be engaged in the following reaction cycle. The main consequence was the proposal of different running modes consisting of a cascade of synthesis in batch mode and separation by the membrane or a membrane reactor process.
Taxonomy, metrics or traits? Assessing macroinvertebrate community responses to daily flow peaking in a highly regulated Brazilian river system
Authors: Tupinambás Taynan H. , Cortes Rui M. V. , Varandas Simone G. , Hughes Samantha J. , França Juliana S. , Callisto Marcos 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDamming disrupts lotic continuity, creating a lentic water body upstream of the dam and a lotic stretch downstream that is highly vulnerable to temporal fluctuations in flow and physiochemical quality depending on the operational regime of the dam. Thus, an essential part of any dam operation programme must take into account a typologically suitable environmental flow regime, in order to maintain downstream structure and function. We assessed the seasonal impact of daily flow peaking regimes on the taxonomic composition, metrics and traits of the macroinvertebrate community in the lotic section situated downstream of the Itutinga reservoir on the Rio Grande in the state of Minas Gerais in southeast Brazil. The flow manipulation experiments were carried out in both wet (January) and dry periods (July) of 2010. The samplings were carried out in two hydraulic situations (fixed flow and daily flow peaking). Benthic macroinvertebrates and sediment were collected in three habitat types (backwater, fluvial beach and running water). Water variables were measured only in the fluvial beach habitat. Both water column and sediment variables downstream were heavily influenced by the retention capacity of the reservoir rather than the daily flow peak value. The trait approach was more sensitive than abundance and metrics and could detect the effects of daily flow peaking. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities sampled downstream of the Itutinga reservoir were more influenced by the sediment composition at each of the three studied habitats, than by the tested daily flow peaking. However, given the short timescale of this study, it may be difficult to the influence of these two interrelated factors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of glacial retreat on proglacial streams and riparian zones in the Coast and North Cascade Mountains
Authors: Cowie Natasha M. , Moore R. Dan , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTProglacial stream development was studied in coastal British Columbia and Washington, focusing on reaches exposed by post‐Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier retreat, to address three principal questions: (i) Does the legacy of LIA glaciation influence the evolution of channel morphology? (ii) How long does it take for riparian forest to establish following glacier retreat? (iii) Can newly exposed proglacial streams provide suitable fish habitat? Channel morphologies were identified by field surveys of 69 reaches in 10 catchments. Riparian forest development and potential fish habitat were characterized in those reaches and an additional 22 catchments using GIS analysis. The landscape template imposed by the Quaternary glaciation appears to override most of the modern effects of the LIA in controlling channel‐reach morphology. Binary logistic regression analysis identified elevation and time since deglaciation as primary controls on the presence of riparian forest. At higher elevations, establishment of morphologically functional riparian forest could take several centuries, prolonged by channel instability associated with post‐LIA sediment inputs. Of the recently deglaciated streams included in this analysis, the majority (86%) of the total length was of suitable gradient for fish and could be accessed either by downstream populations or from adjacent lakes. Predicted maximum weekly average stream temperature (MWAT) indicated that the post‐LIA study streams were thermally suitable for cold‐water fish. A future scenario of glacier loss would cause a 14% decline in accessible cold‐water thermal habitat in post‐LIA streams. Decreased summer flows due to glacier retreat could further limit usable habitat by reducing stream depths and wetted perimeters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OMA DM v1.x compliant lightweight device management for constrained M2M devices
Authors: Chu Nhon , Raouf Djelal , Corlay Bruno , Ammari Mohamed , Gligoric Nenad , Krco Srdjan , Ognjanovic Nemanja , Obradovic Aleksandar 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management (OMA DM) v1.x, an alternative lightweight solution that is fully compatible with the current OMA DM protocol and with all existing OMA Management Objects. This solution aims to enable operators and service providers to leverage their existing OMA DM servers to continue supporting current OMA DM enabled mobile devices and to incrementally support new constrained machine to machine devices through an added proxy server. Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management v1.x reduces the size of OMA DM messages by 89% while optimizing the processing performance and resource consumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing for Rare Variant Associations in the Presence of Missing Data
Authors: Auer Paul L. , Wang Gao , Leal Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFor studies of genetically complex diseases, many association methods have been developed to analyze rare variants. When variant calls are missing, naïve implementation of rare variant association (RVA) methods may lead to inflated type I error rates as well as a reduction in power. To overcome these problems, we developed extensions for four commonly used RVA tests. Data from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute‐Exome Sequencing Project were used to demonstrate that missing variant calls can lead to increased false‐positive rates and that the extended RVA methods control type I error without reducing power. We suggest a combined strategy of data filtering based on variant and sample level missing genotypes along with implementation of these extended RVA tests.
The ratio of the distance irredundance and domination numbers of a graph
Authors: Hattingh Johannes H. , Henning Michael A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLet n ≥ 1 be an integer and let G be a graph. A set D of vertices in G is defined to be an n‐dominating set of G if every vertex of G is within distance n from some vertex of D. The minimum cardinality among all n‐dominating sets of G is called the n‐domination number of G and is denoted by γn(G). A set / of vertices in G is n‐irredundant if for every vertex x ∈ / there exists a vertex y that is within distance n from x but at distance greater than n from every vertex of / ‐ {x}. The n‐irredundance number of G, denoted by irn(G), is the minimum cardinality taken over all maximal n‐irredundant sets of vertices of G. We show that inf{irn(G)/γn(G) | G is an arbitrary finite undirected graph with neither loops nor multiple edges} = 1/2 with the infimum not being attained. Subsequently, we show that 2/3 is a lower bound on all quotients irn(T)/γn(T) in which T is a tree. Furthermore, we show that, for n ≥ 2, this bound is sharp. These results extend those of R. B. Allan and R.C. Laskar [“On Domination and Some Related Concepts in Graph Theory,” Utilitas Mathematica, Vol. 21 (1978), pp. 43–56], B. Bollobás and E. J. Cockayne [“Graph‐Theoretic Parameters Concerning Domination, Independence and Irredundance,” Journal of Graph Theory, Vol. 3 (1979), pp. 241–249], and P. Damaschke [Irredundance Number versus Domination Number, Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 89 (1991), pp. 101–104].
Planar graph coloring with an uncooperative partner
Authors: Kierstead H. A. , Trotter W. T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe show that the game chromatic number of a planar graph is at most 33. More generally, there exists a function f: ℕ → ℕ so that for each n ∈ ℕ, if a graph does not contain a homeomorph of Kn, then its game chromatic number is at most f(n). In particular, the game chromatic number of a graph is bounded in terms of its genus. Our proof is motivated by the concept of p‐arrangeability, which was first introduced by Guantao and Schelp in a Ramsey theoretic setting.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy: Clinicopathologic correlates of outcome
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Lau Valerie H. , Farwell D. Gregory , Luu Quang , Donald Paul J. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine clinical and pathological correlates of outcome among patients treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsThe medical records of 61 patients treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for localized mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland were retrospectively reviewed in an attempt to identify clinicopathologic correlates of overall survival. Secondary endpoints included local‐regional control, distant metastasis‐free survival, and complications.ResultsThe 3‐ and 5‐year estimates of overall survival were 85% and 79%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified high tumor grade (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.92) and T4 disease (HR = 3.35) as independent predictors of decreased survival, with the former also predicting for distant metastasis and the latter predicting for local‐regional recurrence. The 5‐year estimate of overall survival was 83% for patients with non‐high‐grade tumors, compared to 52% for those with high‐grade histology (P = 0.001). Late complications included trismus (2 patients), osteoradionecrosis (1 patient), and hearing loss (1 patient).ConclusionPatients with high‐grade tumors and T4 disease are at increased risk for treatment failure after surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland. Investigative strategies to improve outcome should be considered for these particular patients in the future.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:3049–3055, 2013
Comparison of nasal sprays and irrigations in the delivery of topical agents to the olfactory mucosa
Authors: Lam Kent , Tan Bruce K. , Lavin Jennifer M. , Meen Eric , Conley David B. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSinonasal diseases are often treated with topical agents administered through various application techniques, but few prior studies have examined their distribution to the olfactory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of nasal irrigations to sprays within the olfactory cleft.Study DesignHuman cadaveric study.MethodsEight cadaveric heads, providing a total of 15 nasal sides, underwent treatment with methylene blue solution. Application utilized a pressurized spray device followed by an irrigation squeeze bottle, both used according to manufacturer instructions. Videos and images from six standardized anatomical positions were recorded by rigid nasal endoscopy prior to and following each method of agent delivery. Using the acquired images, three reviewers blinded to the means of application scored the approximate surface area stained. An image‐analysis program was additionally calibrated and used to measure pixel intensity in order to quantify surface delivery of methylene blue.ResultsBased on both blinded reviewer ratings and image pixel intensity measurements, irrigations demonstrated a greater extent and intensity of staining than sprays within the sphenoethmoid recess, superior turbinate, and superior olfactory cleft (all P < 0.05). Sprays and irrigations, however, were comparable in the extent of staining at the nasal vestibule (P > 0.05), inferior turbinate (P = 0.04), and middle turbinate (P > 0.05).ConclusionsCompared to sprays, irrigations provide a more effective method of delivering topical agents to the posterior and superior aspects of the nasal cavity. The thorough distribution of irrigations has important clinical implications for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents to the olfactory mucosa.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2950–2957, 2013
Prospective clinical trial of gelatin‐thrombin matrix as first line treatment of posterior epistaxis
Authors: Kilty Shaun J. , Al‐Hajry Mohammad , Al‐Mutairi Dakheelallah , Bonaparte James P. , Duval Melanie , Hwang Euna , Tse Darren 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the effectiveness of gelatin‐thrombin matrix for first line treatment of posterior epistaxis. Secondarily, we evaluated discomfort during treatment and the cost savings of treatment with gelatin‐thrombin matrix compared to posterior packing, endoscopic, or endovascular treatment at our institution.Study DesignProspective pilot, nonblinded, noncontrolled registered clinical trial (NCT01098578).MethodsTwenty patients with posterior epistaxis were enrolled into this study. Gelatin‐thrombin matrix was used for posterior epistaxis treatment with simultaneous ipsilateral choanal occlusion. Patients were discharged within 2 hours of being successfully treated. A visual analog scale (range 0–10) was used to assess treatment discomfort. Patients were evaluated in clinic 5 and 30 days after treatment to assess for intranasal complications and recurrent epistaxis.ResultsGelatin‐thrombin matrix successfully treated epistaxis in 80% of the patients. The procedure was associated with a mean discomfort of 3.6 (range 0–9.7). The institutional per case cost of treatment of patients with posterior epistaxis with gelatin‐thrombin matrix is 80.3%, 87.4%, and 89.4% less than with endoscopic surgery, posterior packing, or embolization, respectively. There were no complications.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated that gelatin‐thrombin matrix is a safe and both a clinically effective and cost‐saving means of treating posterior epistaxis. In this study, its use is associated with a low level of discomfort. This treatment method may improve the quality of care for patients with posterior epistaxis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:38–42, 2014