bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade union membership and paid vacation in Germany
Authors: Goerke Laszlo , Jeworrek Sabrina , Pannenberg Markus 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn Germany, dependent employees take almost 30 days of paid vacation annually. We enquire whether an individual’s trade union membership affects the duration of vacation. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the period 1985 to 2010 and employing pooled OLS-estimators, we find that being a union member goes along with almost one additional day of vacation per year. Estimations exploiting the panel structure of our data suggest that a smaller part of this vacation differential can be due to the union membership status, while self-selection effects play a more important role.
Borderline personality disorder: patterns of self-harm, reported childhood trauma and clinical outcome
Authors: McFetridge Mark Andrew , Milner Rebecca , Gavin Victoria , Levita Liat 
Published: September 2015

SummaryConsecutive admissions of 214 women with borderline personality disorder were investigated for patterns of specific forms of self-harm and reported developmental experiences. Systematic examination of clinical notes found that 75% had previously reported a history of childhood sexual abuse. These women were more likely to self-harm, and in specific ways that may reflect their past experiences. Despite this, treatment within a dialectical behaviour therapy-informed therapeutic community leads to relatively greater clinical gains than for those without a reported sexual abuse trauma history. Notably, greater behavioural and self-reported distress and dissociation were not found to predict poor clinical outcome.
Unpacking externalising problems: negative parenting associations for conduct problems and irritability
Authors: Oliver Bonamy R. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundReciprocal associations between negative parenting and child externalising problems are well documented, but measures commonly include child irritability, masking potential distinct associations for irritability and conduct problems.AimsTo illuminate links between negative parenting, child conduct problems and irritability over time.MethodA cross-lagged monozygotic (MZ) twin differences design was used in a UK sample (3154 twin pairs) at 4, 7 and 9 years.ResultsWithin-pair MZ differences in negative parenting were found to relate longitudinally to differences in conduct problems and irritability. Of note, negative parenting at age 7 was found to relate particularly to increased irritability at 9 years.ConclusionsOnce genetics are taken into account, irritability in middle childhood may be particularly vulnerable to negative parenting, suggesting support for its malleability to parent-based intervention.
Unrecognised psychopathology in patients with difficult asthma: major mental and personality disorders
Authors: Prins Lonneke C.J. , van Son Maarten J.M. , van Keimpema Anton R.J. , Meijer Jan-Willem G. , Bühring Martina E.F. , Pop Victor J.M. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundDifficult asthma is a severe subgroup of asthma in which the main feature is uncontrollability of symptoms. Psychopathology is suggested to be prominent in patients with difficult asthma and considered important in its treatment; however, the evidence is scarce.AimsTo describe psychopathology in difficult asthma, both major mental and personality disorders, based on diagnostic interviews.MethodThis study was conducted in a specialised asthma care centre. A total of 51 patients with difficult asthma were diagnosed at the start of the treatment programme using two structured clinical interviews for both major mental (SCID-I) and personality disorders (SCID-II) according to DSM-IV-TR.ResultsAbout 55% of the patients with difficult asthma had a psychiatric disorder of which 89% was undiagnosed and untreated before being interviewed. About 49% had a minimum of one major mental disorder of which the cluster of anxiety disorders was the most common cluster of major mental disorders, followed by somatoform disorders. About 20% were diagnosed with a personality disorder. Of the 10 patients with a personality disorder, 9 had an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that more than half of patients with difficult asthma had a psychiatric disorder of which 89% was unrecognised. This study highlights the importance of offering patients with difficult asthma a psychiatric diagnostic interview and/or a psychiatric consultation as part of their routine medical examination and provision of appropriate psychiatric treatment. Moreover, it highlights the urgency of further research into the role of psychopathology in the development of difficult asthma.
Self-harm and suicidal acts: a suitable case for treatment of impulsivity-driven behaviour with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
Authors: Tracy Derek K. , Shergill Sukhwinder S. , David Anthony S. , Fonagy Peter , Zaman Rashid , Downar Jonathan , Eliott Emma , Bhui Kamaldeep 
Published: September 2015

SummarySuicidal thinking, self-harm and suicidal acts are common, although determining their precise prevalence is complex. Epidemiological work has identified a number of associated demographic and clinical factors, though, with the exception of past acts of self-harm, these are non-specific and weak future predictors. There is a critical need shift focus from managing ‘suicidality-by-proxy’ through general mental health treatments, to better understand the neuropsychology and neurophysiology of such behaviour to guide targeted interventions. The model of the cognitive control of emotion (MCCE) offers such a paradigm, with an underlying pan-diagnostic pathophysiology of a hypoactive prefrontal cortex failing to suitably inhibit an overactive threat-responding limbic system. The result is a phenotype – from any number of causative gene-environment interactions – primed to impulsively self-harm. We argue that such neural dysconnectivity is open to potential therapeutic modification from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The current evidence base for this is undoubtedly extremely limited, but the societal and clinical burden self-harm and suicide pose warrants such investigation.
Improving quality of care among patients hospitalised with schizophrenia: a nationwide initiative
Authors: Jørgensen Mette , Mainz Jan , Svendsen Marie Louise , Nordentoft Merete , Voldsgaard Inge , Baandrup Lone , Bartels Paul , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe effectiveness of systematic quality improvement initiatives in psychiatric care remains unclear.AimsTo examine whether quality of care has changed following implementation of a systematic monitoring programme of hospital performance measures.MethodIn a nationwide population-based cohort study, we identified 14 228 patients admitted to psychiatric departments between 2004 and 2011 from The Danish Schizophrenia Registry. The registry systematically monitors the adherence to guideline recommended processes of care.ResultsThe overall proportion of all relevant recommended processes of care increased from 64 to 76% between 2004 and 2011. The adherence to individual processes of care increased over time, including assessment of psychopathology using a diagnostic interview (relative risk (RR): 2.01, 95% CI: 1.51–2.68), contact with relatives (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27–1.62), psychoeducation (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19–1.48), psychiatric aftercare (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11) and suicide risk assessment (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.21–1.42).ConclusionsQuality of care improved from 2004 to 2011 among patients hospitalised with schizophrenia in Denmark.
Ethical considerations in placebo-controlled randomised clinical trials
Authors: Kaufman Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEthical considerations in standard medical care and clinical research are underpinnings to quality medicine. Similarly, the placebo-controlled double-blind randomised clinical trial is the gold standard for medical research and fundamental to the development of evidence-based medicine. Researchers and clinicians are challenged by ethical concerns in the informed consent with a need to maximise understanding and minimise therapeutic misconception. This editorial expands on themes raised by Chen et al's article ‘Disclosing the Potential Impact of Placebo Controls in Antidepressant Trials' and serves as an invitation for further submissions to BJPsych Open on ethics, research design and informed consent.
Open Sesame: a new generation journal
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Malhi Gin S. , Kaufman Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Royal College of Psychiatrists welcomes you to its newest peer-reviewed research journal, British Journal of Psychiatry Open (BJPsych Open), which has been created to maximise the College's efforts to publish and disseminate the most exciting and progressive research in psychiatry and allied disciplines. BJPsych Open will maintain the same high quality standards established by the British Journal of Psychiatry (BJPsych). As an online journal without print restrictions, BJPsych Open will be able to publish many more excellent articles and article types not currently accommodated within BJPsych. The breadth of BJPsych Open is outlined in ‘What we publish’ and its strength is realised in our first issue, ‘Powerful papers'. As editors, we welcome both your submissions and comments as our new generation journal grows.
Atg9 is required for intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes and autolysosomes
Authors: Bader C. A. , Shandala T. , Ng Y. S. , Johnson I. R. D. , Brooks D. A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAutophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation process, which is important for energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, physiological stress response and organism development. During Drosophila development, autophagy is up-regulated in fat body and midgut cells, to control metabolic function and to enable tissue remodelling. Atg9 is the only transmembrane protein involved in the core autophagy machinery and is thought to have a role in autophagosome formation. During Drosophila development, Atg9 co-located with Atg8 autophagosomes, Rab11 endosomes and Lamp1 endosomes-lysosomes. RNAi silencing of Atg9 reduced both the number and the size of autophagosomes during development and caused morphological changes to amphisomes/autolysosomes. In control cells there was compartmentalised acidification corresponding to intraluminal Rab11/Lamp-1 vesicles, but in Atg9 depleted cells there were no intraluminal vesicles and the acidification was not compartmentalised. We concluded that Atg9 is required to form intraluminal vesicles and for localised acidification within amphisomes/autolysosomes, and consequently when depleted, reduced the capacity to degrade and remodel gut tissue during development.
Ultrafast Microwave Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Enteromorpha prolifera and Its Electrochemical Capacitive Behavior
Authors: Gai Yansong , Wang Longqiang , Gong Liangyu , Su Linghao , Shang Yuanyuan , Dong Fengying , Chen Ping , Xia Yun 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The cost-effective activated carbons derived from Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) were obtained via a single-step, quick microwave irradiation method. The activated carbon (AC-4) obtained at the radiation power of 800 W and the ZnCl2/E. prolifera mass ratio of 4 shows the maximum specific capacitance of 214 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and offers a good capacitance retention of ca. 91.2% after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, suggesting its potential application in supercapacitors.
Emergency care within hospitals: can it be done more efficiently?
Authors: Borgert Marjon , Goossens Astrid , Adams Rob , Binnekade Jan , Dongelmans Dave 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Cardiac Arrest Teams (CATs) are frequently activated by nurses when patients experience ‘false arrests’ (FAs). In those cases activation of the Rapid Response Team (RRT) might be more efficient. The authors determined the level of urgency of FAs to find a scope for improvement in efficiency within emergency care. Methods: CAT-activations for FAs in a university hospital from September 2009 to 2012 were retrospectively analysed and classified as urgent or less-urgent. Results: In 26% (107/405) the CAT was activated for FAs. Calls were classified as urgent in 43% (46/107). Less urgent calls comprised 57% (61/107) of the FAs, difference 14% (95%CI: 1% to 26%). Conclusions: A significant part of the CAT-activations for FAs were less urgent and an RRT-activation might be more efficient. To minimise the CAT-activations for FAs, nurses need to recognise early patients who clinically deteriorate. Therefore, nurses should use the Modified Early Warning Score correctly.
ADEUS PAPEL, MARCA-TEXTOS, TESOURA E COLA: INOVANDO O PROCESSO DE ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO POR MEIO DO ATLAS.TI
Authors: Walter Silvana Anita , Bach Tatiana Marceda 
Published: September 2015

<p>O <em>software</em> Atlas.ti consiste em uma ferramenta para a análise de dados qualitativos que pode facilitar o gerenciamento e a interpretação desses dados. Entretanto, o emprego desse <em>software</em> tem sido bem menos frequente em estratégia, apesar da crescente utilização da análise de conteúdo nessa área. Este estudo<strong> </strong>objetivou apresentar, por meio de um exemplo, a aplicabilidade do <em>software</em> Atlas.ti na realização de análise de conteúdo temática na área de estratégia. O exemplo usado é o de uma pesquisa com dois escritórios de contabilidade de Curitiba, Paraná (PR), a cujos dirigentes se aplicou, como instrumento de coleta de dados, entrevista semiestruturada. Empregou-se, com o auxílio do <em>software</em> Atlas.ti 5.0, análise de conteúdo do tipo temática a qual deixou perceptível que os dois escritórios possuem uma trajetória similar; caracterizam-se como familiares; possuem ou possuíam centralização de poder; realizaram inovações; não possuem planos formalizados; e a maior parte de suas estratégias é emergente. O exemplo apresentado permitiu apresentar o processo de codificação, a criação de notas de pesquisa e de comentários, o estabelecimento de relações entre os elementos analisados e o agrupamento e gerenciamento de tais elementos. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para o estímulo da utilização do <em>software</em> Atlas.ti e auxilie na melhoria da consistência e do aperfeiçoamento das pesquisas qualitativas por meio da facilidade de verificação empírica.<strong></strong></p>
How ‘il caffé sospeso’ became ‘suspended coffee’: The neo-liberal re-‘invention of tradition’ from Bourdieu to Bourdieu
Authors: Buscemi Francesco 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article analyses the way in which il caffè sospeso, an old Italian tradition of giving needy people a free coffee, has become ‘suspended coffee’, a current trend in the United States. This study explains the Italian phenomenon through Bourdieu’s ‘classic’ theory linked to food as provider of social distinction, distance from reality and culinary capital. To explain the new American model, this article builds on Bourdieu’s later work on neo-liberalism. This double theoretical approach enables a double methodological approach. The old Italian practice is investigated through Bourdieu’s historical field analysis. The American, neo-liberal model is studied through political economy analysis of websites owned by the companies supporting suspended coffee. The results show that in Italy il caffè sospeso was an opportunity for the donor to gain social distinction thanks to distance from reality, not providing the poor with something more necessary than a coffee. In the United States, private companies have taken hold of this tradition and altered the old relationship between donor and receiver. Giving is no longer spontaneous. Companies advise/force their clients to donate and confer culinary capital to ‘elected’ customers on their websites, with texts aiming to advertise rather than to inform. In conclusion, neo-liberalism exploits old traditions for commercial reasons.
Consumed: Food in The Hunger Games
Authors: Parks Lori L. , Yamashiro Jennifer P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In the futuristic dystopia of The Hunger Games, food divides rich and poor, empowered and oppressed, pure and putrid. It also provides a lens to analyse power and rebellion through theory, surveillance, and the art historical genre of memento mori. This article considers the following: How does food represent and enact power? How does food send moral and political messages? How does the government control and, in fact, author the lives of the citizens? How do Katniss’ rebellions reflect, represent and magnify the crisis of the state?
Head to head comparisons in performance of CD4 point-of-care assays: a Bayesian meta-analysis (2000–2013)
Authors: Wilkinson Samantha , Chiavegatti Tiago , Nauche Bénédicte , Joseph Lawrence , Pai Nitika Pant 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Timely detection, staging, and treatment initiation are pertinent to controlling HIV infection. CD4+ cell-based point-of-care (POC) devices offer the potential to rapidly stage patients, and decide on initiating treatment, but a comparative evaluation of their performance has not yet been performed. With this in mind, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. For the period January 2000 to April 2014, 19 databases were systematically searched, 6619 citations retrieved, and 25 articles selected. Diagnostic performance was compared across devices (i.e., PIMA, CyFlow, miniPOC, MBioCD4 System) and across specimens (i.e., capillary blood vs. venous blood). A Bayesian approach was used to meta-analyze the data. The primary outcome, the Bland–Altman (BA) mean bias (which represents agreement between cell counts from POC device and flow cytometry), was analyzed with a Bayesian hierarchical normal model. We performed a head-to-head comparison of two POC devices including the PIMA and PointCareNOW CD4. PIMA appears to perform better vs. PointCareNOW with venous samples (BA mean bias: –9.5 cells/μL; 95% CrI: –37.71 to 18.27, vs. 139.3 cells/μL; 95% CrI: –0.85 to 267.4, mean difference = 148.8, 95% CrI: 11.8, 285.8); importantly, PIMA performed well when used with capillary samples (BA mean bias: 2.2 cells/μL; 95% CrI: –19.32 to 23.6). Sufficient data were available to allow pooling of sensitivity and specificity data only at the 350 cells/μL cutoff. For PIMA device sensitivity 91.6 (84.7–95.5) and specificity was 94.8 (90.1–97.3), respectively. There were not sufficient data to allow comparisons between any other devices. PIMA device was comparable to flow cytometry. The estimated differences between the CD4+ cell counts of the device and the reference was small and best estimated in capillary blood specimens. As the evidence stands, the PointCareNOW device will need to improve prior to widespread use and more data on MBio and MiniPOC are needed. Findings inform implementation of PIMA and improvements in other CD4 POC device prior to recommending widespread use.
Genome Size, Leaf, Fruit and Seed Traits – Taxonomic Tools for Species Identification in the Genus Nasturtium R. Br.
Authors: Morozowska Maria , Czarna Aneta , Jędrzejczyk Iwona , Bocianowski Jan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Flow cytometry estimation of 2C nuclear DNA content of the examined Nasturtium species resulted in taxonomic identification of N. × sterile in eight new localities, N. microphyllum in four new localities and N. officinale in one new locality in western Poland. Scanning electron microscopy proved a few of the micromorphological traits of seeds and fruits (size and shape of cells on the fruit septum surface, their anticlinal walls; secondary sculpture on the outer periclinal walls of cells on the siliqua valve internal surface) to be of taxonomic importance.
Biomechanical effect of different femoral neck blade position on the fixation of intertrochanteric fracture: a finite element analysis
Authors: Lee Pei-Yuan , Lin Kun-Jhih , Wei Hung-Wen , Hu Jin-Jia , Chen Wen-Chuan , Tsai Cheng-Lun , Lin Kang-Ping 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Medial migration or cutout of the neck helical blade has commonly occurred in the treatment of trochanteric fracture of the femur. The position of the helical blade within the femoral head is one of the influencing factors that cause the blade to perforate the intact joint surface; however, the ideal placement of the helical blade is not currently known. A finite element model of a femur/nail construct was utilized to analyze five possible blade positions in the femoral head. Normal strain at the fracture surface, the minimum principal strain in the cancellous bone, and the von Mises stress in the implant itself were calculated and compared between different blade positions. The results showed that a large area of normal compressive strain at the fracture surface was observed in the inferior and posterior blade positions. The volume of cancellous bone strained to yielding in the femoral head and neck was lower for the inferior and posterior positions, whereas it was the highest for the superior position. The inferior and posterior positions had lower von Mises stress in the implant itself. The inferior and posterior positions may be the ideal position for the intramedullary nail with a helical neck blade.
Measurement of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in samples of plasma, serum and urine, under real life conditions. An international study
Authors: Harenberg Job , Du Shanshan , Wehling Martin , Zolfaghari Shabnam , Weiss Christel , Krämer Roland , Walenga Jeanine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe utility of measuring non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in plasma, serum and urine samples and with the point-of-care test (POCT) on urine samples should be analysed in an international laboratory study.The study was performed to determine the inter-laboratory variance of data from two chromogenic assays each for the NOACs rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran, and to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of the POCT assays for factor Xa- and thrombin inhibitors. Plasma, serum and urine samples were taken from six patients in each group on treatment with a NOAC.The inter-laboratory variances, which can be identified best by the coefficient of variation, ranged from 46% to 59% for apixaban, 63% to 73% for rivaroxaban and 39% to 104% for dabigatran using plasma, serum or urine samples and two chromogenic assays for each NOAC. The concentrations were about 20% higher in serum compared to plasma samples for apixaban and rivaroxaban, and 60% lower for dabigatran. The concentration in urine samples was five-fold (apixaban), 15-fold (rivaroxaban) and 50-fold (dabigatran) higher. Sensitivity and specificity of POCT for apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran were all >94%.The inter-laboratory study showed the feasibility of measurement of apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran in plasma, serum and urine samples of patients on treatment. Dabigatran was determined at far lower levels in serum compared to plasma samples. Concentrations of NOACs in urine were much higher compared to plasma. The POCT was highly sensitive and specific for all three NOACs.