bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering philosophical questions and neuroscientific answers: Two pillars of inquiry
Authors: Tschaepe Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
I propose the next steps in the neuropragmatic approach to philosophy that has been advocated by Solymosi and Shook (2013). My focus is the initial process of inquiry implicit in addressing philosophical questions of cognition and mind by utilizing the tools of neuroscientific research. I combine John Dewey’s pattern of inquiry with Charles Peirce’s three forms of inference in order to outline a methodological schema for neuropragmatic inquiry. My goal is to establish ignorance and guessing as well-defined pillars of methodology upon which to build a neuropragmatic approach to inquiry. First, I outline Dewey’s pattern of inquiry, highlighting the initial problematic phase in which recognized ignorance provides the basis upon which to frame a philosophical problem and initiate the trajectory by which philosophical questions may be addressed with the assistance of neuroscientific evidence. Second, I provide an outline of Peirce’s three forms of inference, focusing upon the first phase of abduction: guessing. Third, I explain the transition between ignorance and guessing, urging the benefit of attending to these two aspects of inquiry. Finally, I provide an initial sketch indicating the next steps concerning a pragmatic reconstruction of neurophilosophy, pointing towards the need for a more thorough examination of scientific methodology within and following analyses of philosophical problems and neuroscientific evidence.
Inquiry, vision and objects: Foraging for coherence within neuroscience
Authors: Schulkin Jay 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
We come prepared to track events and objects, building our knowledge base while foraging for coherence. Classical pragmatism recognizes that the acquisition of knowledge is in part a contact sport (e.g. Peirce, Dewey). One of the aims of neuroscience is to capture human experience. One route to perhaps achieve this may be through the study of the visual system and its expansion in our evolutionary history. Embodied cephalic systems, as Dewey knew well, are tied to self-corrective inquiry. A philosophy of neuroscience needs to capture how such events are tracked, tested through experience, and subsequently modified in the brain to comprise a knowledge base.
Constructive realism: In defense of the objective reality of perspectives
Authors: Madzia Roman 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper proposes an outline of a reconciliatory approach to the perennial controversy between epistemological realism and anti-realism (constructionism). My main conceptual source in explaining this view is the philosophy of pragmatism, more specifically, the epistemological theories of George H. Mead, John Dewey, and also William James’ radical empiricism. First, the paper analyzes the pragmatic treatment of the goal-directedness of action, especially with regard to Mead’s notion of attitudes, and relates it to certain contemporary epistemological theories provided by the cognitive sciences (Maturana, Rizzolatti, Clark). Against this background, the paper presents a philosophical as well as empirical justification of why we should interpret the environment and its objects in terms of possibilities for action. In Mead’s view, the objects and events of our world emerge within stable patterns of organism-environment interactions, which he called “perspectives”. According to pragmatism as well as the aforementioned cognitive scientists, perception and other cognitive processes include not only neural processes in our heads but also the world itself. Elaborating on Mead’s concept of perspectives, the paper argues in favor of the epistemological position called “constructive realism.”
Philosophical counselling based on dialogical critical thinking
Authors: Šulavíková Blanka 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Various approaches and methods are used in philosophical counselling. Two main trends can be observed: the first is the use of contemplative methods and the second constitutes approaches based on dialogical critical thinking. The author defends the idea that developing philosophical counselling on the basis of critical thinking presupposes that it is possible for counsellor and client to hold a philosophical dialogue where the relationship is one of expert/lay person. J. Šulavík has described this relationship in greater detail. In the Socratic model, the philosopher and the lay person hold a dialogue whereby they ascertain opinions via inductive comparison and by defining things, creating a shared concept. While the Platonic and Enlightenment models were grounded in the authority of the expert philosopher, in the Socratic and postmodern models, the expert philosopher loses the power to manipulate those who know “less”. Lay people are not passive consumers of a particular “optimal” philosophy but through their own “philosophising” create philosophy and tailor it for themselves. While philosophising, therefore, the philosopher does not take on the role of “producer” of philosophy but of “adviser” (consultant). It is therefore supposed that people have a general need for philosophy and that ultimately they should create and reflect upon their own philosophy.
Substitute nesting by Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca) in Slovakia
Authors: Danko Štefan , Mihók Jozef , Chavko Jozef , Prešinský Leoš 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
During consistent monitoring of nesting pairs of Imperial Eagles primarily in Eastern Slovakia it was found that if for some reason the first clutch of eggs was destroyed at the very beginning of nesting, i.e. in late March or the first half of April, the eagles proceeded with substitute nesting. They built a replacement nest, so far always in a different place, in which a new clutch was laid. If the nesting was successful, then as a rule they raised one, and in two cases two offspring.
Role of Gamma Knife surgery for intracranial atypical (WHO Grade II) meningiomas
Authors: Hanakita Shunya , Koga Tomoyuki , Igaki Hiroshi , Murakami Naoya , Oya Soichi , Shin Masahiro , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: September 2013

Object
Atypical meningioma often recurs even after resection. As a salvage modality, radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is attempted for this aggressive tumor. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of SRS that involved Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for atypical meningioma.

Methods
The authors reviewed records from 22 patients with histologically proven atypical meningioma who underwent GKS for 28 lesions at the authors' institute. The median patient age was 70 years (range 24–91 years), and the median tumor volume for each procedure was 6.0 cm3 (range 1.6–38.7 cm3). The margin dose ranged from 14 to 20 Gy (median 18 Gy). Follow-up periods ranged from 3 months to 98 months (median 23.5 months).

Results
In total, 39 GKS procedures were performed for 28 lesions. The local control rates at 1, 2, and 5 years were 74%, 39%, and 16%, respectively. Volume less than 6 cm3 (p = 0.01), a margin dose higher than 18 Gy (p = 0.02), and a Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 90 or more (p = 0.02) were factors associated with a longer duration of tumor control in the univariate analysis.

Conclusions
Atypical meningioma could be more successfully controlled when a higher margin dose was used to treat patients with a good performance (KPS score of ≥ 90) status and smaller tumor volumes. It would be desired if patients are treated with a relatively higher margin dose, ideally as high as the dose applied for malignant tumor. A boost SRS after fractionated radiotherapy may be effective to achieve better local control.
Tumor shrinkage after transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
Authors: Berkmann Sven , Schlaffer Sven , Buchfelder Michael 
Published: September 2013

Object
Volume reduction of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas has been described, for example, after radiotherapy and pituitary tumor apoplexy. Even when considerable remnants remain after surgery, spontaneous shrinkage and relief of mass lesion symptoms can sometimes occur. The aim of this study was to assess shrinkage of tumor residues after transsphenoidal surgery and to identify predictors of tumor shrinkage.

Methods
A total of 140 patients with postoperative remnants of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, were included in this study. All patients underwent transsphenoidal procedures with guidance by 1.5-T intraoperative MRI. The intraoperative images of remnants were compared with images taken at 3 months and at 1 year after surgery. The possible predictors analyzed were age; sex; preoperative and intraoperative tumor dimensions; tumor growth pattern; endocrinological, ophthalmological, and histological characteristics; and history of previous pituitary surgery. For statistical analyses, the Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multivariate regression table analysis were used.

Results
Follow-up imaging 3 months after surgery showed tumor remnant shrinkage of 0.5 ± 0.6 cm3 for 70 (50%) patients. This reduction was 89% ± 20% of the residual volume depicted by intraoperative MRI. In 45 (64%) patients, the remnants disappeared completely. Age, sex, and preoperative tumor volume did not significantly differ between the shrinkage and no-shrinkage groups. Positive predictors for postoperative shrinkage were cystic tumor growth (p = 0.02), additional resection of tumor remnants guided by intraoperative MRI (p = 0.04), smaller tumor volume (p = 0.04), and smaller craniocaudal tumor diameter of remnants (p = 0.0014). Negative predictors were growth into the cavernous sinus (p = 0.009), history of previous pituitary surgery (p = 0.0006) and tumor recurrence (p = 0.04), and preoperative panhypopituitarism (p = 0.04). Multivariate regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between tumor shrinkage and smaller tumor remnants (p < 0.0001) and no history of previous pituitary surgery (p = 0.003). No spontaneous change in tumor remnant volume was detected between 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. During a mean follow-up time of 2.7 years, 1 (2%) patient with postoperative tumor shrinkage had to undergo another operation because of tumor progression.

Conclusions
Spontaneous volume reduction of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma remnants can occur within 3 months after surgery. Predictors of shrinkage are smaller tumor remnant volume and no history of previous pituitary surgery.
Cavitation-based third ventriculostomy using MRI-guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Alkins Ryan , Huang Yuexi , Pajek Dan , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: September 2013

Object
Transcranial focused ultrasound is increasingly being investigated as a minimally invasive treatment for a range of intracranial pathologies. At higher peak rarefaction pressures than those used for thermal ablation, focused ultrasound can initiate inertial cavitation and create holes in the brain by fractionation of the tissue elements. The authors investigated the technical feasibility of using MRI-guided focused ultrasound to perform a third ventriculostomy as a possible noninvasive alternative to endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus.

Methods
A craniectomy was performed in male pigs weighing 13–19 kg to expose the supratentorial brain, leaving the dura mater intact. Seven pigs were treated through the craniectomy, while 2 pigs were treated through ex vivo human skulls placed in the beam path. Registration and targeting was done using T2-weighted MRI sequences. For transcranial treatments a CT scan was used to correct the beam from aberrations due to the skull and maintain a small, high-intensity focus. Sonications were performed at both 650 kHz and 230 kHz at a range of intensities, and the in situ pressures were estimated both from simulations and experimental data to establish a threshold for tissue fractionation in the brain.

Results
In craniectomized animals at 650 kHz, a peak pressure ≥ 22.7 MPa for 1 second was needed to reliably create a ventriculostomy. Transcranially at this frequency the ExAblate 4000 was unable to generate the required intensity to fractionate tissue, although cavitation was initiated. At 230 kHz, ventriculostomy was successful through the skull with a peak pressure of 8.8 MPa.

Conclusions
This is the first study to suggest that it is possible to perform a completely noninvasive third ventriculostomy using ultrasound. This may pave the way for future studies and eventually provide an alternative means for the creation of CSF communications in the brain, including perforation of the septum pellucidum or intraventricular membranes.
Cervical myelopathy caused by invagination of anomalous lamina of the axis
Authors: Sakaura Hironobu , Yasui Yukihiko , Miwa Toshitada , Yamashita Tomoya , Ohzono Kenji , Ohwada Tetsuo 
Published: September 2013

The authors report a case of cervical myelopathy caused by invagination of the bilaterally separated lamina of the axis. They also present a literature review.
The patient was a previously healthy 68-year-old man with a 1-year history of slowly progressive gait disturbance, right-hand clumsiness, and right dominant sensory disturbance in his trunk and extremities. Both MRI and CT showed that the spinal cord was markedly compressed at the C2–3 level, on the right side, by a deeply invaginated anomalous lamina of the axis. A bilaterally separated lamina was also visible. The patient underwent removal of the anomalous invaginated fragment of the separated lamina and the spinous process of the axis. One year after surgery, his myelopathic symptoms had almost completely resolved.
Here, the authors present the case of a patient with an extremely rare anomaly of the lamina of the axis. The underlying pathogenesis of this anomaly could be the failure of the 2 chondrification centers on either side to fuse into a single ossification center. Surgical removal of the anomalous invaginated lamina produced a satisfactory outcome.
Les pères, entre travail et familles [Les enseignements de quelques enquêtes]
Authors: Méda Dominique , Cette Gilbert , Dromel Nicolas 
Published: September 2013

Fathers caught between work and family. Some survey findings.
In all countries, time use is differentiated between the sexes. While the disparity in the time men and women spend on domestic activities has narrowed, this trend owes little to increased input from men. This is especially true for household tasks and for time spent with the children. The arrival of a child affects fathers in their working lives much less than mothers. However, a proportion of fathers, notably those with the highest educational level, are observed to be adopting discourses and behaviour similar to those of the mothers-reporting notably that they reduced their working time when a child arrived-and also complaining about a lack of time to spend with their children and about the conflict of responsibilities. Do men''s professional commitments, in particular, « force » them to look after the children less than the mothers do, and would they increase their involvement if they had more time ? Experience in France of the statutory reduction in working hours supplies some answers to this question. One of the main findings is that when fathers have experienced a reduction in their working time, they look after their children more, especially when their partners work full-time and have had no reduction in their own working time.
L’aide sociale départementale en direction des personnes âgées
Authors: Mauguin Jocelyne 
Published: September 2013

As a complement to the article by Manuela Grévy, «Family solidarity at the centre of social assistance » published in the present issue of
Recherches et Prévisions, this article presents the forms of social assistance for dependent elderly people provided by the French departments and details the levels of funding involved.
Composition of Cypripedium calceolus (Orchidaceae) seeds analyzed by attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy: In search of understanding longevity in the ground
Authors: Barsberg Søren , Rasmussen Hanne N. , Kodahl Nete 
Published: September 2013

• Premise of the study: Orchid seeds are minute and covered with a thin coat, yet they often have a long life after dispersal. They are notorious for low and irregular germination, in nature as well as in vitro. Since orchids are often rare species of conservational and commercial interest, reproduction by seeds is an important concern. The purpose of this study was to learn more about the resilience of these highly specialized seeds and stimulatory processes toward germination.• Methods: We studied testa and embryos of Cypripedium calceolus to identify natural components in intact seeds and the impact of 7 yr in soil in its natural habitat. We also analyzed the effects of Ca(OCl)2, used technically to enhance germination for cultivation in vitro. For the first time with this kind of plant material, we used attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, an ideal method for minute sample sizes and surface selectivity. Thus, we could link treatments with changes in seed surface chemistry.• Key results: A lignin‐like polymer is an essential testa component that undergoes degradation by soil or hypochlorite processes. In both cases, we found a build‐up of CaCO3 on the testa, which could interact with lignin to enhance germination. Very minor changes occurred in embryo reserve nutrient content after a long sojourn underground, which supports their continued viability.• Conclusions: We suggest that degradation of lignin and enrichment of the testa surface with CaCO3 are important stimulants of germination both in the habitat and during laboratory sowing.
Quelle hospitalité pour la folie en addictologie ?
Authors: Brenon Estelle , Le Breton Julien 
Published: September 2013

Notre expérience clinique comme plusieurs études internationales ont montré la forte prévalence du double diagnostic ainsi que ses conséquences néfastes tant aux niveaux médical, psychiatrique, socioprofessionnel et judiciaire. Le système de soins ne semble pas répondre de façon satisfaisante aux besoins complexes de cette population, à cause, notamment, du clivage historique entre les deux champs d’intervention concernés. Le centre médical Marmottan est spécialisé dans l’accueil et le suivi des usagers de drogues. Nous y avons mené une étude sur 100 dossiers tirés au sort, avec comme objectifs principaux d’évaluer la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques comorbides, d’étudier les modalités et les difficultés de leurs prises en charge au sein de cette structure. Il ressort que 69 % ont ou ont eu un trouble psychiatrique associé, dont 18,5 % de troubles psychotiques. La prise en charge (= PEC) « intégrée » est le plus souvent privilégiée, et a montré une supériorité significative sur l’évolution. L’orientation vers une autre structure et la PEC « parallèle » est plus souvent utilisée pour les patients psychotiques. L’amélioration de l’articulation des soins entre les champs psychiatriques et addictologiques semble indispensable, en luttant contre les représentations négatives des soignants vis-à-vis de ces patients difficiles par le développement d’un réel travail de collaboration interinstitutionnel et d’une formation spécifique des équipes soignantes et médicales.
La dépression anaclitique de la Personnalité Limite Addictive : l'influence des mécanismes de défense immatures
Authors: Lecointe Perrine , Bernoussi Amal , Masson Joanic , Wawrzyniak Michel 
Published: September 2013

L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence, chez la Personnalité Limite Addictive Tabacologique (P.L.A.T.a), l’influence des mécanismes de défense immatures (clivage, déni, agir) sur la dépression anaclitique (évitement ou décompensation), dans un contexte d’expérience cancéreuse. La population se compose de 5 sujets adultes, âgés de 48 à 64 ans. La P.L.A.T.a est diagnostiquée, à partir de deux entretiens semi-directifs. Les évaluations comportent deux échelles d’évaluation (Defense Style Questionnaire-40 [DSQ-40], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HAD]), complétées par des analyses cliniques, portant sur le discours des sujets, au cours des différents entretiens. Les résultats montrent qu’une utilisation importante et efficiente du clivage et du déni maintient l’évitement de la dépression anaclitique alors qu’une faible utilisation de ces mécanismes de défense, traduisant leur débordement, entraine la décompensation sous le mode de la dépression anaclitique. L’agir participe à l’évitement psychique mais son utilisation n’influence pas, autant que le clivage et le déni, la dépression anaclitique (évitement ou décompensation).
A Lattice Boltzmann Method for the Advection-Diffusion Equation with Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors: Gebäck Tobias , Heintz Alexei 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study a lattice Boltzmann method for the advection-diffusion equation with Neumann boundary conditions on general boundaries. A novel mass conservative scheme is introduced for implementing such boundary conditions, and is analyzed both theoretically and numerically.Second order convergence is predicted by the theoretical analysis, and numerical investigations show that the convergence is at or close to the predicted rate. The numerical investigations include time-dependent problems and a steady-state diffusion problem for computation of effective diffusion coefficients.
Phase Field Models Versus Parametric Front Tracking Methods: Are They Accurate and Computationally Efficient?
Authors: Barrett John W. , Garcke Harald , Nürnberg Robert 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe critically compare the practicality and accuracy of numerical approximations of phase field models and sharp interface models of solidification. Here we focus on Stefan problems, and their quasi-static variants, with applications to crystal growth. New approaches with a high mesh quality for the parametric approximations of the resulting free boundary problems and new stable discretizations of the anisotropic phase field system are taken into account in a comparison involving benchmark problems based on exact solutions of the free boundary problem.
Faire mémoire du Québec et s’ouvrir à la Francophonie
Authors: Hauser Claude 
Published: September 2013

Auguste Viatte, professeur franco-suisse de littérature française à l’Université Laval de 1933 à 1949, pionnier de l’histoire des littératures francophones et animateur du mouvement de la France Libre à Québec durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, découvre le Québec lors des fêtes de Noël 1932 : il relate ce premier voyage dans un récit inédit intitulé « Voyage au Canada ». Établi à Québec dès l’été 1933, il transcrit ses premières impressions après son arrivée dans quelques notes et au travers de ses correspondances. Plus de vingt ans après, de retour en Europe, Viatte entreprend pour la quatrième fois de rédiger ses mémoires, entre 1956 et 1957, sur la base des notes accumulées dans son Journal personnel et ses archives, riches en correspondances. Il intitule ses mémoires jamais publiées « Facettes d’une vie » et y consacre plusieurs longs passages à sa découverte du Québec au début des années 1930. La troisième partie de ce récit, appelé Bonheur du Canada, met en scène dans un style littéraire soigné les souvenirs des premiers voyages effectués par Viatte au Québec, et fait mémoire de sa découverte progressive de la Belle Province. Entretemps, la période de vie la plus foisonnante de l’auteur de ce récit a fait nettement évoluer sa vision de la société québécoise. C’est donc avec l’expérience d’un « retour du Québec », ponctuant une longue période d’acculturation et d’engagement dans son pays d’accueil, que Viatte revient sur ses premières découvertes et sentiments de voyageur découvrant cette terre francophone d’Amérique.