bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support, self‐efficacy and motivation: a qualitative study of the journey through HEALD (Healthy Eating and Active Living for Diabetes)
Authors: Mladenovic Ana B , Wozniak Lisa , Plotnikoff Ronald C , Johnson Jeffrey A , Johnson Steven T 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the influence of social support on participants’ self‐efficacy and motivation to perform physical activity before, during and after the Healthy Eating and Active Living for Diabetes in primary care networks (HEALD) programme.HEALD was a controlled trial of a 24‐week primary care‐based walking programme for people with type 2 diabetes, proven effective in increasing physical activity. Data used in this qualitative sub‐study were derived from semi‐structured interviews with purposefully selected HEALD completers (n = 13) six months after the programme ended. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.Prior to HEALD, participants reported feeling a lack of social support for diabetes management and fear of diabetes consequences. During the programme, they reported feeling supported by exercise specialists and peers in general and specifically to do physical activity; they reported weakening social support after HEALD ended. Accordingly, participants reported having self‐efficacy and motivation to increase their physical activity during HEALD, but these did not persist after HEALD ended; many relapsed into former behaviours. Participants recommended a longer programme, with more contacts.Our findings are congruent with Social Cognitive Theory. Participants’ reported self‐efficacy and motivation to adopt physical activity during HEALD were tied to feeling supported by the exercise specialists who led the programme and peers participating in the programme. However, these perceived improvements were compromised when social support was no longer available through HEALD. Periodic contacts with a health care provider post‐programme may promote maintenance of positive behaviour changes following diabetes self‐management programmes. Furthermore, an optimal mode of peer support requires study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DC‐sputtered ZnO:Al as transparent conductive oxide for silicon heterojunction solar cells with µc‐Si:H emitter
Authors: Madani Ghahfarokhi Omid , Chakanga Kambulakwao , Geissendoerfer Stefan , Sergeev Oleg , von Maydell Karsten , Agert Carsten 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSilicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells are highly interesting, because of their high efficiency and low cost fabrication. So far, the most applied transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is indium tin oxide (ITO). The replacement of ITO with cheaper, more abundant and environmental friendly material with texturing capability is a promising way to reduce the production cost of the future SHJ solar cells. Here, we report on the fabrication of the SHJ solar cells with direct current‐sputtered aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) as an alternative TCO. Furthermore, we address several important differences between ITO and the ZnO:Al layers including a high Schottky barrier at the emitter/ZnO:Al interface and a high intrinsic resistivity of the ZnO:Al layers. To overcome the high Schottky barrier, we suggest employing micro‐crystalline silicon (µc‐Si:H) emitter, which also improves temperature threshold and passivation of the solar cell precursor. In addition, we report on the extensive studies of the effect of the ZnO:Al deposition parameters including layer thickness, oxygen flow, power density and temperature on the electrical properties of the fabricated SHJ solar cells. Finally, the results of our study indicate that the ZnO:Al deposition parameters significantly affect the electrical properties of the obtained solar cell. By understanding and fine‐tuning all these parameters, a high conversion efficiency of 19.2% on flat wafer (small area (5 × 5 mm2) and without any front metal grid) is achieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population‐, intervention‐ and methodology‐related characteristics of clinical trials impact exercise efficacy during adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: a meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Carayol Marion , Delpierre Cyrille , Bernard Paquito , Ninot Grégory 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveSignificant heterogeneity was highlighted in recent meta‐analyses examining exercise effects in cancer patients, suggesting that some characteristics may moderate exercise efficacy. The objectives of this meta‐analysis are (1) to investigate the influence of methodology, population and intervention studies' characteristics on the association of exercise with fatigue, quality‐of‐life (QoL), anxiety and depression; (2) to identify exercise intervention characteristics that may maximize efficacy and evaluate the level of evidence about exercise efficacy in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.MethodsThirty‐three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating exercise were systematically identified. Population, intervention and methodology characteristics were extracted, coded by two independent investigators and tested as moderators of exercise effect in meta‐regression models. Psychological outcomes summary effects were then computed by pooling subgroup of RCTs based on categorized moderators.ResultsIndications of selection bias (random sequence generation) or attrition bias (high attrition rate, no intent‐to‐treat analysis) were associated with better exercise efficacy on QoL, anxiety and depression. Low total prescribed exercise doses (<140 METs.h) or short duration (<16 weeks) interventions yielded fatigue, anxiety and depression reductions whereas higher doses or duration did not. Mind–body interventions led to greater decrease of fatigue and anxiety rather than aerobic/resistance‐based interventions.ConclusionOur findings indicated that exercise‐based interventions may improve fatigue, QoL, anxiety and depression, but the evidence mainly rely on studies prone to methodological biases. A prescription of approximately 100 MET.h, e.g. ~120 min of weekly moderate physical exercise for 10 weeks involving mind–body activities, could be advised to maximize fatigue reduction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of HFNC, bubble CPAP and SiPAP on aerosol delivery in neonates: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Sunbul Fatemah S. , Fink James B. , Harwood Robert , Sheard Meryl M. , Zimmerman Ralph D. , Ari Arzu 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAerosol drug delivery via high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and synchronized inspiratory positive airway pressure (SiPAP) has not been quantified in spontaneously breathing premature infants. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare aerosol delivery via HFNC, bubble CPAP, and SiPAP in a model of a simulated spontaneously breathing preterm infant. Working hypothesis: The types of CPAP systems and nebulizer positions used during aerosol therapy will impact aerosol deposition in simulated spontaneously breathing infants. Study design: Quantitative, comparative, in‐vitro study. Methodology: A breath simulator was set to preterm infant settings (VT: 9 ml, RR: 50 bpm and Ti: 0.5 sec) and connected to the trachea of an anatomical upper airway model of a preterm infant via collecting filter distal to the trachea. The HFNC (Optiflow; Fisher & Paykel), Bubble CPAP (Fisher & Paykel), and SiPAP (Carefusion) were attached to the nares of the model via each device's proprietary nasal cannula and set to deliver a baseline of 5 cm H2O pressure. Albuterol sulfate (2.5 mg/0.5 ml) was aerosolized with a mesh nebulizer (Aeroneb Solo) positioned1 proximal to the patient and2 prior to the humidifier (n = 5). The drug was eluted from the filter with 0.1 N HCl and analyzed via spectrophotometry (276 nm). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t‐tests, and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with P < 0.05 significant. Results: At position 1, the trend of lower deposition (mean ± SD%) across devices was not significant (0.90 ± 0.26, 0.70 ± 0.16 and 0.59 ± 0.19, respectively; P = 0.098); however, in position 2, drug delivery with SiPAP (0.79 ± 0.11) was lower compared to both HFNC (1.30 ± 0.17; P = 0.003) and bubble CPAP (1.24 ± 0.24; p = 0.008). Placement of the nebulizer prior to the humidifier increased deposition with all devices (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Aerosol can be delivered via all three devices used in this study. Device selection and nebulizer position impacted aerosol delivery in this simulated model of a spontaneously breathing preterm infant. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1099–1106. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromium Copper Catalysts for LiClO4 Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Yanwei , Yan Ke , Qiu Kunzan , Liu Jianzhong , Wang Yang , Zhou Junhu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChromium copper (CrCu) catalysts are well‐known burning rate catalysts for solid propellants, which were used as energy source for rocket propulsion [1]. The present work reports the enhancement of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) by employing copper chromium as a catalyst. The LiClO4 decomposition rate depends on the catalyst characteristics, such as chemical composition, specific surface, and crystalline structure. Scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction analyses were used to characterize CrxCu(1−x)O(1+0.5x) catalysts. The samples are prepared using the sol‐gel method with different mole ratios. Furthermore, the samples are tested to evaluate their effect on the LiClO4 decomposition at various temperatures. The blank tests comparison shows that the CrxCu(1−x)O(1+0.5x) catalysts strongly enhance the LiClO4 decomposition. Moreover, CuCr2O4 is formed in the CrxCu(1−x)O(1+0.5x) catalysts. The CrCu binary composite catalysts show smaller crystallites, larger surface area, and better catalytic performance than the pure CuO samples because of the interaction of Cr and Cu ions. This study proposes a hypothetical reaction mechanism for the LiClO4 catalytic decomposition of the CrxCu(1−x)O(1+0.5x) catalysts.
Oxytocin does not directly alter cardiac repolarization in rabbit or human cardiac myocytes
Authors: Qu Yusheng , Fang Mei , Gao BaoXi , Amagasu Shanti , Crumb William J. , Vargas Hugo M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOxytocin, a nine amino acid peptide, is highly conserved in placental mammals, including humans. Oxytocin has a physiological role in parturition and parenteral administration of the synthetic peptide is used to induce labor and control postpartum hemorrhage. Endogenous levels of oxytocin before labor are ~20 pg/mL, but pharmacological administration of the peptide can achieve levels of 110 pg/mL (0.1 nmol/L) following intravenous administration. Cardiac arrhythmia and premature ventricular contractions have been associated with oxytocin administration in addition to QTc interval prolongation. In the conscious rabbit model, intravenous oxytocin produced QT and QTc prolongation. The mechanism of oxytocin‐induced QTc prolongation is uncertain but could be the result of indirect changes in autonomic nervous tone, or a direct effect on the duration of cardiomyocyte repolarization. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of oxytocin to alter cardiac repolarization directly. Two conventional models were used: QTc interval evaluation in the isolated rabbit heart (IRH) and assessment of action potential duration (APD) in human ventricular myocytes (HVM). Oxytocin did not prolong QTc intervals in IRH or APD in HVM when tested at suprapharmacological concentrations, for example, up to 1 μmol/L. The results indicate that oxytocin has very low risk for eliciting QTc and APD prolongation directly, and infer that the QTc changes observed in vivo may be attributed to an indirect mechanism.
Gene expression changes caused by the p38 MAPK inhibitor dilmapimod in COPD patients: analysis of blood and sputum samples from a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Betts Joanna C. , Mayer Ruth J. , Tal‐Singer Ruth , Warnock Linda , Clayton Chris , Bates Stewart , Hoffman Bryan E. , Larminie Christopher , Singh Dave 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) intracellular signaling pathway responds to a variety of extracellular stimuli, including cytokines, Toll‐like receptor agonists, and components of cigarette smoke to influence the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Activation of p38 MAPK is increased within the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. In clinical trials, treatment of COPD patients with p38 MAPK inhibitors has been shown to reduce systemic inflammation plasma biomarkers C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. As CRP and fibrinogen have been associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD patients, such as mortality, exacerbation, and hospitalization, we analyzed gene expression data from COPD subjects treated with dilmapimod with the aim of understanding the effects of p38 MAPK inhibition on the inflammatory genome of immune cells within the systemic circulation. Whole blood and induced sputum samples were used to measure mRNA levels by gene array and PCR. Pathway and network analysis showed STAT1, MMP‐9, CAV1, and IL‐1β as genes regulated by dilmapimod that could also influence fibrinogen levels, while only IL‐1β was identified as a gene regulated by dilmapimod that could influence CRP levels. This suggests that p38 MAPK inhibits specific inflammatory pathways, leading to to differential effects on CRP and fibrinogen levels in COPD patients.
Low‐temperature transport of charge carriers in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Prudaev Ilya , Tolbanov Oleg , Khludkov Stanislav 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe results of experimental investigation of forward current‐voltage characteristics of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well light‐emitting diodes are presented. A new model for explaining the complex current dependence on voltage is proposed. The model is based on the assumption of space charge limited current, and ballistic overflow of electrons through the multiple quantum well region. It is shown that electrons are captured in the shallow traps while transferring through the active region. The results of measurements indicate that the activation energy of traps decreases with a temperature decrease, which corresponds to the theory of hopping in exponential band tails.
A novel three‐dimensional guidance law implementation using only line‐of‐sight azimuths
Authors: Liao Fei , Ji Haibo , Xie Yongchun 
Published: December 2014

SummaryA novel three‐dimensional guidance law using only line‐of‐sight azimuths based on input‐to‐state stability and robust nonlinear
observer is proposed for interception of maneuvering targets. The proposed guidance law does not need any prior information of unknown bounded target maneuvers and uncertainties. Since in practice the line‐of‐sight rate is difficult for a pursuer to measure accurately, a nonlinear robust
observer is introduced to estimate it. A three‐dimensional guidance law with bearing only measurement is obtained for interception of maneuvering targets. The presented algorithm is tested using computer simulations against a maneuvering target. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis of ampullary segment of oviduct during estrous cycle in caprines
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Singh R. , Bhardwaj J. K. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe ampullary segment of the mammalian oviduct provides suitable milieu for fertilization and development of zygote before implantation into uterus. It is, therefore, in the present study, the cyclic changes in the morphology of ampullary segment of goat oviduct were studied during follicular and luteal phases using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Topographical analysis revealed the presence of uniformly ciliated ampullary epithelia, concealing apical processes of non‐ciliated cells along with bulbous secretory cells during follicular phase. The luteal phase was marked with decline in number of ciliated cells with increased occurrence of secretory cells. The ultrastructure analysis has demonstrated the presence of indented nuclear membrane, supranuclear cytoplasm, secretory granules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, large lipid droplets, apically located glycogen masses, oval shaped mitochondria in the secretory cells. The ciliated cells were characterized by the presence of elongated nuclei, abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, oval or spherical shaped mitochondria with crecentric cristae during follicular phase. However, in the luteal phase, secretory cells were possessing highly indented nucleus with diffused electron dense chromatin, hyaline nucleosol, increased number of lipid droplets. The ciliated cells had numerous fibrous granules and basal bodies. The parallel use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques has enabled us to examine the cyclic and hormone dependent changes occurring in the topography and fine structure of epithelium of ampullary segment and its cells during different reproductive phases that will be great help in understanding major bottle neck that limits success rate in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology. SCANNING 37:36–41, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect from surface treatment of nickel‐titanium rotary files on the fracture resistance
Authors: Kim Bo Hoon , Ha Jung‐Hong , Lee Woo Cheol , Kwak Sang‐Won , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis study was aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance of rotary instruments with and without surface treatment. G6 A2 (Group A2) with and G6 A2 without surface treatment after machining (Group AN) were compared in this study. ProTaper F2 (Group F2) which has similar dimension and shape was also used for comparison. To evaluate the torsional resistance, ultimate torsional strength and distortion angle until fracture were recorded, and the toughness was calculated. The cyclic fatigue resistance was compared by evaluating the number of cycles to failure in a simulated canal. Statistical analysis was performed by one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (p = 0.05). After torsional and cyclic fatigue tests, all fracture fragments were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Group A2 showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the groups AN and F2 (p < 0.05). Although group A2 demonstrated lower ultimate torsional strength than the others, there were no significant differences in toughness among the groups. While obvious machining grooves were seen in groups AN and F2, group A2 showed smooth surface resulting from the surface treatment. The specimens of fracture fragments showed typical features of cyclic failure such as micro‐cracks, overloaded fast fracture zone, and torsional fracture such as unwinding helix, circular abrasion marks and dimples. Under the conditions of this study, the surface treated instruments may improve cyclic fatigue resistance while maintaining the torsional resistances and mechanical properties. SCANNING 37:82–87, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bridging the gap between tracking and detecting changes in XML
Authors: Ciancarini Paolo , Iorio Angelo Di , Marchetti Carlo , Schirinzi Michele , Vitali Fabio 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThere are two main approaches to manage changes in XML documents, change‐tracking and diff. Change‐tracking tools, which record edit actions while they are performed on the source document, are able to capture the exact editing process. That is much more difficult for diff algorithms, which have to reconstruct it by comparing two different versions. Interestingly, these algorithms process both text‐centric and data‐centric XML documents the same way. In this paper, we show that more accurate, clear, and human‐readable results can be achieved on text‐centric resources, by employing specific models and algorithms. We describe and discuss a specialized diff algorithm for such a class of documents. We also compare a Java implementation of the algorithm, named JNDiff, with other general‐purpose or data‐oriented diff tools, focusing on the quality of their output. Copyright © 2014 Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact on obstetric outcome of third‐trimester screening for small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Callec R. , Lamy C. , Perdriolle‐Galet E. , Patte C. , Heude B. , Morel O. ,   the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort Study Group
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of screening for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses by ultrasound biometry at 30–35 weeks' gestation, and to determine the impact of screening on obstetric and neonatal outcomes.MethodsFor this prospective cohort study, pregnant women were recruited from two French university maternity centers between 2003 and 2006. Performance measures of third‐trimester biometry for the prediction of SGA, defined as estimated fetal weight < 10th centile, were analyzed. Obstetric outcomes and neonatal health status were compared, first, between SGA neonates diagnosed correctly at ultrasound examination (true positive (TP); n = 45) and SGA neonates that went undiagnosed (false negative (FN); n = 110) and, second, between non‐SGA neonates identified as normal at ultrasound examination (true negative (TN); n = 1641) and non‐SGA neonates diagnosed incorrectly as SGA (false positive (FP); n = 101).ResultsIn the prediction of SGA, third‐trimester ultrasound had a sensitivity of 29.0% (95% CI, 22.5–36.6%) and specificity of 94.2% (95% CI, 93.0–95.2%). Positive and negative predictive values were 30.8% (95% CI, 23.9–38.7%) and 93.7% (95% CI, 92.5–94.8%), respectively. One hundred and ten SGA neonates went undiagnosed at ultrasound. Compared to the TN neonates considered as of normal weight at ultrasound, planned preterm delivery (before 37 weeks) and elective Cesarean section for a fetal growth indication were 2.4 (P = 0.01) and 2.85 (P = 0.003) times more likely to occur, respectively, in the FP group of non‐SGA neonates, diagnosed incorrectly as SGA during the antenatal period. There was no statistically significant difference in 5‐min Apgar score < 7, cord blood pH at birth < 7.15 and need for neonatal resuscitation between the two subgroups (TN vs FP and TP vs FN).ConclusionsThe performance of third‐trimester ultrasound screening for SGA seems poor, as it misses the diagnosis of a large number of SGA neonates. The consequences of routine screening for SGA in a low‐risk population may lead to unnecessary planned preterm deliveries and elective Cesarean sections in FP pregnancies, without improved neonatal outcome in the FN pregnancies. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.