bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of husband perpetuated violence against women on child health and psycho-social state
Authors: Selim Anwar Kazi , Ahad Yasmin , Ayesha Begum , Nurul Gani , Reaz Monwar S , Shah Rahman Mahfuzur M , Khaleda Islam , Afzalul Karim S , Kumar Sengupta Pradip , Ali Molla Azaher 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe UN-Resolution defines violence against women-VAW as any-act of gender-based violence resulting in physical/sexual/psychological-harm/threat to women, coercion or arbitrary-deprivation of liberty, in her life. Despite several national/global initiatives (Nairobi-Strategy‘85,Beijing-Platform'95),promoting/enforcing women's-rights remains slower. In Asia, prevalence/magnitude of VAW is being-rampant. Here, we present preliminary-findings on family-violence (FV) from Bangladesh and its' negative-impact on child's health and psycho-social state.PurposeStudy occurrences of husband-perpetuated FV and assess its effect on child's health and psycho-social state (school-performances).MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted among 72 married-women living-in 64 households in randomly-selected three rural-villages. Adopting a 2-tier-methodology we interviewed all women using a pre-tested structured-questionnaire, and assessed their perception on-VAW, qualitatively (using FGDs, In-depth-Interview/IDIs).OutcomeOf 72 women, 94% were less/ill-literate, 53% poor, majority being 1st wives. Of 68% (n=49) with some-degree of family-violence, 45% tolerated mild-form(mostly verbal and rarely physical abusing/slapping), 37% endured moderate-form (verbal/physical-abusing 3–4 times/year) and 18% sustained severe-form(physical torturing every1–2 weeks-apart) of VAW. While verbal-abusing was confined in rebuking/reprimand; physical-abuse ranged from scolding to battering: fist-hitting/hand-twisting, beating, punching, kicking/knocking. Few severe-cases sustained throat-grabbing/knife-charging/burnt-off body-parts/forced-sex and suicidal attempts. Attesting these findings, post-FGD/IDI-transcript analysis revealed dowry-demand, gross-poverty and/or husband-dependency was prime-causes of FV. But, FV-victims never raised voice to avoid social-chaos/gossip and/or pro-male(husband)-biased unfair-judgment(s). Severity of FV-cases was associated with child's health(pre-set-parameters), (p<0.04) and school-performance(p<0.03) including other psycho-social-state.Significance/ContributionOccurrence of FV in rural-Bangladesh (breeching women-right) and exerting negative-impact on child's health/psycho-social state(violating child-right) remains imperative for immediate intervention towards stopping male-driven socio-cultural-epidemics right now if not possible to combat it instantly.
Increased intimate partner violence in users of Mexican public health services: fact or improved registry?
Authors: Avila L , Barroso A , Valdez R , Hijar M , Del Rio A , Rojas R 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence trends in intimate partner violence (IPV) for the years 2003 and 2006 in Mexico, identifying factors associated with the severity of violence.MethodThe 2006 National Survey on Violence toward Women (ENVIM 2006) was used. This survey is nationally, urban and rural representative of public health service users. 22 318 women above the age of 14 were interviewed. A restricted generalised ordinal regression model was adjusted. The dependant variable was the severity of the IPV index. The same items were used in both surveys (ENVIM 2003 and ENVIM 2006).ResultsNon-severe and severe violence were experienced by 21% and 12% of respondents, respectively. A history of child abuse (ORA3.89) and rape (ORA2.09, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.66) was the most important factor linked to severe violence. A male partner's near daily alcohol consumption increased up to six times the possibility of severe abuse. A female partner's acceptance of the traditional role increased the risk for violence, while higher education in both partners diminished it.ConclusionsIPV in female users of public health services increased to 21% by the year 2006 in comparison 2003. Associated factors were consistent in both surveys. This social problem, with such a high prevalence, requires inter-institutional strategies supporting greater empowerment of women through higher education, early detection, health care, and specific interventions for the prevention of IPV in future generations.
Economic and health consequences in women subject to intimate partner abuse
Authors: Avila L , Barroso A , Rivera G , Salinas G , Aracena B , Cahuana L 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIntimate partner abuse (IPA) has inter-generational effects, cause emotional and physical harm; in addition, affect the women's financial lives. Latin American studies have estimated that at least 30% of GDP is lost due to IPA. In Mexico there has been no official estimate of the economic cost associated with IPA.ObjectiveTo analyse the effects and socio-economic costs of IPA in Mexico.MethodologyData from The 2006 National Survey on Violence against Women (ENVIM II) was used. The Severe Intimate Partner Abuse Index identified physical injuries in women (ages>14) who sought Mexican public health services. Out-of-pocket expenses for injures care were calculate. Lost work days due to IPA were measured and given a monetary value using multivariate imputation models. Likewise, income loss due to IPA was estimated using Propensity Score Matching.ResultsA total of 18 046 women were interviewed. 30% reported partner violence during the previous year. Of those, one third suffered one or more physical lesions and only one third of them sought medical attention. The average medical care expenditure per subject was $50 USD. Nearly 3% of those abused reported missing at least one work day during the previous year as a consequence of IPA. For the year under study, the total number of work days lost was 7003 (378 700 USD). The total effects of IPA on lost income are still under study.ConclusionsIPA has important social costs. Therefore policies and additional resources should be directed to the prevention and abatement of this serious social problem.
Sexual violence during pregnancy and women's perception on current abortion in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Animesh Biswas , Koustuv Dalal , Ma Halim , Fazlur Rahman 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is identified as a public health and a human rights issue in both low and high income countries. In developing countries, prevalence of IPV range from 9.7% to 30%. Fact suggests that abused women encounter reproductive health problems including abortions. IPV in Bangladesh is reported as acute socio medical problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy by the husband and women's perceptions on the current abortion.MethodA rural level hospital based study cross sectional study. A structured pre tested questionnaire was used and 71 women were purposively selected who had admitted in the hospital due to abortion from July to Dec.07. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was performed.ResultsMean age of women was 25, more than 38% didn't have any education and most of them had low socio economic conditions. More over 55% of women and her husband took current aborted fetus without planning. However median age of current abortion was 90 days. Near about 57% women faced sexual violence in last 4 months, moreover 26% faced once a week in where 17% faced sexual violence twice a week. More than 35% women believed that current abortion happened due to husband's sexual violence.SignificanceSexual violence during pregnancy has identified a serious health problem in rural Bangladesh which was connected with mothers‘ perception on current abortion. It has an intense immediate and long-term consequence on women's physical and mental health.
Domestic violence in the city of Beira
Authors: Cebola B , Zacarias A , Virgilio F 
Published: October 2012

IntroductionConsciousness of Gender Violence is lacking among the majority of Mozambican citizens. The campaign against Domestic Violence has begun, but much still needs to be done. We expect to see improvements, but unfortunately we can‘t compare this study with previous studies as none exist.Beira is the second largest city in Mozambique after Maputo.ObjectiveTo characterise Violence and Trauma among women, who were examined by the Forensic Department at the Beira Central Hospital?Material and MethodsThe Forensic Data reviewed, except fatal cases, corresponds to the period from the 1st July to 31st December 2011. The following variants were included: gender, occupation, marital status, reoccurring violence, perpetrator, types of violence, etc; obtained from 1211 sample cases. Epiinfo, word and Excel were used for data input/output.Results and ConclusionThe incidence of injury and violence per gender was 55% and 45%, for male and female respectively; 88% of all domestic violence corresponded to women victimisation; the burden of domestic violence among women was 28%; re-victimisation occurrences—73%; 78% of Domestic Violence was perpetrated by an intimate partner, and 71% of women were unemployed.1. In the home environment there is a higher risk of domestic violence for women, than for males.2. Domestic Violence in Beira is mostly of a gender nature.3. The higher rate of reoccurring violence among unemployed women is most likely to be associated with Gender Inequity.
Analyzing the process for design of media campaign against drunk driving—road safety in ten countries (RS 10 project) in India
Authors: Arora A 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the process for development of creative for print, radio and television campaign against drunk driving.MethodsThe media campaign was designed to target audience aged between 18 and 45 years. Focus group discussions were organised with different groups comprising of the targeted segment.Prepared visuals with varying messages were shared with the audience to gauge their reaction. In-person interviews were also conducted to remove any bias arising out of shared responses from the group. Same theme was used for content development for different media. This was critical to reinforce the message among the audience, through radio, television and print.ResultsSome of the key findings from the focus group were:• The campaign message has to be clear, concise and catchy. The audience related more with existing tag lines. It helps reinforce the message which they have already been receiving and are aware of.• The visual should be extreme (hard hitting images showing blood and a badly injured person) to register and have any impact. There was no aversion to the use of gory images, which may be due to the fact that the audience is exposed, through TV soaps and movies.• The recall of enforcement related messaging and visuals was relatively weak. This was partly due to the poor image of the police for on ground implementation.SignificanceThe investigation provided pointers for the development of the media campaign. Effectiveness of the campaign was ascertained by an independent third party, which validated the findings and confirmed the results.
Evaluating the reach of youth-focused drinking and driving reduction interventions in two Mexican cities
Authors: Híjar MM , Santoyo D , Chandran A , Pérez-Núñez R , Lunnen JC , Hyder AA 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad crashes are a leading cause of death for Mexicans aged 15–34 years. This population is one of the targets for drinking and driving (DWI) related campaigns and interventions instituted as part of a large road safety intervention programme.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate the reach of DWI reduction interventions in a random sample of high school and university students from Guadalajara-Zapopan and León by assessing their knowledge related to DWI, their awareness of various interventions and campaigns, and their self-reported behaviour change as a result.MethodsA close-ended questionnaire was applied in-person to a random sample of students at both public and private institutions in October–December 2011.Results/OutcomeA total of 5114 students were surveyed: 2478 in Guadalajara-Zapopan, and 2636 in León. Only 17.3% and 14.3%, respectively, correctly identified a maximum number of alcoholic beverages one can ingest before driving. In the two cities, ∼40% reported exposure to a wide-spread campaign; accurate knowledge of campaign phrases ranged from 1–60% and 45% reported resulting attitude/behaviour change. 30–35% had experienced individualised intervention, and 50% reported attitude/behaviour change as a result.Significance/Contribution to the FieldStudents self-reported having had exposure to various targeted road safety interventions in both cities; ∼50% of those noted resulting attitude/behaviour changes as a result of these exposures. There was a marked knowledge deficit regarding the number of alcoholic drinks one could consume prior to driving safely. This study highlights an opportunity both for targeted education and continued intense interventions in order to reduce DWI in Mexican youth.
Risk of injurious road traffic crash after prescription of antidepressants
Authors: Lagarde E , Queinec R , Philip P , Gadegbeku B , Delorme B , Moore N , Suissa S , Salmi L -R , Orriols L ,   on behalf of the CESIR research group
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAntidepressants are commonly used worldwide. Experimental studies have suggested that antidepressants may impair driving abilities.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe study aims to estimate the risk of road traffic crash associated with prescription of antidepressants.MethodsData from three French national databases were extracted and matched: the national health care insurance database, police reports, and the national police database of injurious crashes. A case-control analysis comparing 34 896 responsible versus 37 789 non-responsible drivers was conducted. Case-crossover analysis was performed to investigate the acute effect of medicine exposure.Results/Outcomes72 685 drivers identified by their national healthcare number, involved in an injurious crash in France over the July 2005 to May 2008 period, were included. 2936 drivers (4.0%) were exposed to at least one antidepressant on the day of the crash. The results showed a significant association between the risk of being responsible for a crash and prescription of antidepressants (OR=1.34 (1.22 to 1.47)). The case-crossover analysis showed no association with treatment prescription but the risk of road traffic crash increased after an initiation of an antidepressant treatment (OR=1.49 (1.24 to 1.79)) and after a change in antidepressant treatment (OR=1.32 (1.09 to 1.60)).Significance/Contribution to the FieldPatients and prescribers should be warned about the risk of crash during periods of antidepressant medication and particularly high vulnerability periods such as those when a treatment is initiated or modified.
Knowledge, attitude, practice on drinking and driving of male motorbike riders in Ha Nam, Ninh Binh provinces 2011
Authors: Van Nguyen Y , Viet Cuong Pham 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad traffic injury is one of the leading cause lead to death and disability in Vietnam. There were 11 000 road traffic injury (RTI) deaths and many thousands injuries in 2009. In order to update drinking and driving situation to contribute to provide an important source of data to make appropriate interventions, we conducted the study ‘Knowledge, attitude, practice on drinking and driving of male motorbike riders in Ha Nam, Ninh Binh provinces 2011’ObjectiveDescribe situation of knowledge, attitude, practice and study about related factors.MethodsThis study was cross-sectional descriptive on 282 male motorbike riders (MMRs) selected randomly at gas stations in Ha Nam, Ninh Binh.ResultsThe results show that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of MMRs were not good, there was only 6.7% of MMRs had right answer on regulation. However, MMRs attitudes were good, most of them had the positive attitudes which proposed that drinking and driving is dangerous and should be banned About 48.2% of MMRs had alcohol and then driving within 2 h, 36.5% of them used to be passenger of drinking and driving users.SignificanceThe study shows a high needs to have strong law regulation on alcohol use among MMRs in these two provinces.
Can blood alcohol concentration of road traffic injury patients decrease after information education communication campaign in Vietnam
Authors: Tran TNL , Nguyen TL , Luong MA , Khieu TQT 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad traffic injury (RTI) is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Drink–driving is one of risk factor of fatal injury related traffic road in the world and in Viet Nam.Objectives and MethodsDetermine blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of RTIs patients in 2 phases in 5 hospitals. Phase 1 (5 months) with 1453 patients, phase 2 (6 months) with 2640 patients was conducted pre and post-intervention of IEC campaign on drinking–driving. RTIs patient was taken blood for BAC testing.ResultsRTIs patients in phase 2 with high BAC in tendency decrease, BAC<50 mg/dl in phase 1 with rate of 16.5% to 33.8% in phase 2, and BAC≥50 mg/dl in phase 1 of 83.5% to 66.2% in phase 2. Rate of motorbike drivers with BAC≥50 mg/dl pre-intervention lower 7.2% than post-intervention. Rate of motorbike drivers with BAC≥50 mg/dl had RTIs from 16:30–19:30 lower 9.1% than pre-intervention. Rate of 20–29 of age drink–driving exceeded the limit of legal and with BAC≥50 mg/dl had RTIs from 19:30 were not decreased.SignificanceIt is vital to continue strengthening interventions; developing regulations of using and selling alcohol, focusing on age of 20–29; monitoring and checking random alcohol on the highways, from 19:00; conducting researches on RTIs and drinking for recommendations.
Kava use and risk of car crash injury: a population-based case control study in Fiji
Authors: Wainiqolo I , Kool B , Kafoa B , Robinson E , Finau S , McCaig E , Ameratunga S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe contribution from kava (a commonly consumed drink with sedative and anaesthetic properties) to the relatively high rates of road crashes in Pacific Island nations has received minimal research or policy attention.Aim/Objectives/PurposeTo quantify the relationship between kava use before driving and car crash injuries in Viti Levu, Fiji.MethodsA population-based case-control study was designed to include all cars involved in crashes where at least one occupant died or was hospitalised (case vehicles) and a random sample of cars being driven on roads in Viti Levu, Fiji (control vehicles). The drivers or their proxies in 154 case and 752control vehicles were administered structured questionnaires eliciting data on putative risk and protective factors including kava use.Results/OutcomesAfter adjustment for major confounders including alcohol use, consuming kava within 12 h of driving was associated with a five-fold increase in the odds of crash involvement (OR=5.23, 95% CI 2.16 to 12.7). Almost 20% of car crashes in Viti Levu could be attributed to the acute consumption of kava (Population Attributable Risk 19%, 95% CI 15% to 23%).SignificanceKava use by drivers is a major contributor to serious injury-involved road crashes in Fiji and should be an explicit target in road safety strategies. While further studies are required to identify concentrations of kava and patterns of use that pose the greatest risk, this study illustrates the importance of investigating context-specific factors that account for a substantially greater burden of road crashes in some less-resourced settings than currently appreciated.
Use of antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Hypnotics/Sedatives and Antipsychotics and road traffic crashes with injuries in elderly drivers. A Swedish population-based register study
Authors: Joel Monárrez-Espino , Lucie Laflamme , Berty Elling , Jette Möller 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad traffic crashes (RTC) are increasing among elderly drivers, often exposed to medical drugs. Data suggests that some psychotropic medications can impair driving skills by affecting motor, sensory and cognitive faculties through various mechanisms resulting in higher crash and injury rates.AimTo determine the association between the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics/sedatives and antipsychotics and the occurrence of RTC in elderly drivers.MethodsWe designed a matched case-control study based on record linkage from five population registers in Sweden. Cases were drivers aged 50–80 year, unexposed to alcohol, which crashed from 1 July 2005 to 31 December 2009. To each case four controls with driving license were randomly selected and matched by sex, age, area of residence and index date of the case. A total of 30 809 cases and 123 236 controls were included. Exposure was defined as dispensed medication and assessed in the 1–8 days prior to the crash. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR (95% CI) adjusting for civil status, occupation and number of medications.ResultsRTC involving >1 vehicle accounted for 85.6%, 71.3% occurred during daylight, 78.8% under clear weather, 54.1% in densely-built areas and 81.4% resulted in mild injuries. Adjusted ORs for antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics/sedatives and antipsychotics were 1.95 (1.63 to 2.33), 1.80 (1.52 to 2.13), 1.75 (1.53 to 1.99) and 1.64 (1.15 to 2.30), respectively. Older drivers (66–80 year) and women consistently had lower odds.SignificanceOlder drivers are at increased risk of RTC after recently receiving psychoactive medications, mainly antidepressants and anxiolytics. Advising patients to desist from driving when taking these psychotropic medications is recommended.
Effectiveness of the 100% motorcycle helmet use campaign in Thailand
Authors: Piyapong Jiwattanakulpaisarn 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlthough motorcycle helmet use has been mandatory in Thailand since the enactment of the helmet law in 1994, the non-compliance in helmet use has been considerably profound. In January 2011, the 100% motorcycle helmet use campaign was launched nationwide, aiming to promote helmet use and reduce road traffic injuries.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to investigate whether and to what extent the nationwide helmet use campaign affects helmet use behaviour among motorcyclists.MethodsEffectiveness of the helmet use campaign is evaluated by comparing helmet use rates observed before and after the campaign. Nationwide observational surveys of motorcycle helmet use were conducted in each of 76 provinces in Thailand. Based on stratified sampling methodology, over 3000 locations in urban and rural areas throughout the country were chosen as sentinel sites. In total, 954 956 and 1 236 568 motorcyclists were observed before and after the campaign, respectively.ResultsOverall, the motorcycle helmet use rate was found to be slightly higher after the campaign, increasing from 44% to 46%. With respect to seating positions, helmet use among motorcycle riders was virtually unchanged (53% vs 54%). However, we find significant changes in helmet use rates among passengers, increasing from 19% to 24%.ConclusionDespite the emerging evidence of increased helmet use after the nationwide motorcycle helmet use campaign, the observed helmet use rates remain very low. More importantly, the magnitude of the effect appears to be marginal, compared with the resources allocated. These suggest that the current approaches of promoting helmet use through education and enforcement need to be reviewed and improved.