bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic analysis reveals versatile heterotrophic capacity of a potentially symbiotic sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium in sponge
Authors: Tian Ren‐Mao , Wang Yong , Bougouffa Salim , Gao Zhao‐Ming , Cai Lin , Bajic Vladimir , Qian Pei‐Yuan 
Published: August 2014

SummarySulfur‐reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria (SOB) play essential roles in marine sponges. However, the detailed characteristics and physiology of the bacteria are largely unknown. Here, we present and analyse the first genome of sponge‐associated SOB using a recently developed metagenomic binning strategy. The loss of transposase and virulence‐associated genes and the maintenance of the ancient polyphosphate glucokinase gene suggested a stabilized SOB genome that might have coevolved with the ancient host during establishment of their association. Exclusive distribution in sponge, bacterial detoxification for the host (sulfide oxidation) and the enrichment for symbiotic characteristics (genes‐encoding ankyrin) in the SOB genome supported the bacterial role as an intercellular symbiont. Despite possessing complete autotrophic sulfur oxidation pathways, the bacterium developed a much more versatile capacity for carbohydrate uptake and metabolism, in comparison with its closest relatives (Thioalkalivibrio) and to other representative autotrophs from the same order (Chromatiales). The ability to perform both autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism likely results from the unstable supply of reduced sulfur in the sponge and is considered critical for the sponge–SOB consortium. Our study provides insights into SOB of sponge‐specific clade with thioautotrophic and versatile heterotrophic metabolism relevant to its roles in the micro‐environment of the sponge body.
The risk of uterine rupture is not increased with single‐ compared with double‐layer closure: a Swedish cohort study
Authors: Hesselman S , Högberg U , Ekholm‐Selling K , Råssjö E‐B , Jonsson M 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo compare single‐ with double‐layer closure of the uterus for the risk of uterine rupture in women attempting vaginal birth after one prior caesarean delivery.DesignCohort study.SettingSweden.PopulationFrom a total of 19 604 nulliparous women delivered by caesarean section in the years 2001–2007, 7683 women attempting vaginal birth in their second delivery were analysed.MethodsData from population‐based registers were linked to hospital‐based registers that held data from maternity and delivery records. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of uterine rupture after single‐ or double‐layer closure of the uterus. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Main outcome measureUterine rupture.ResultsUterine rupture during labour occurred in 103 (1.3%) women. There was no increased risk of uterine rupture when single‐ was compared with double‐layer closure of the uterus (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.78–1.76). Maternal factors associated with uterine rupture were: age ≥35 years and height ≤160 cm. Factors from the first delivery associated with uterine rupture in a subsequent delivery were: infection and giving birth to an infant large for gestational age. Risk factors from the second delivery were induction of labour, use of epidural analgesia, and a birthweight of ≥4500 g.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the rate of uterine rupture when single‐layer closure was compared with double ‐layer closure of the uterus.
Interpreting the Effects of Burning on Pre‐incineration Saw Marks in Bone
Authors: Robbins Samantha C. , Fairgrieve Scott I. , Oost Tracy S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study examined the effects of fire on the features associated with saw marks in bone. Both class and individual characteristics were examined using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty‐four semifleshedSus scrofaL. tibiae were sawed into three sections with the middle section having deep and shallow false starts. Twelve saw blades of varying age and type were each used to cut two tibiae. In each case, the first tibia was burned in an outdoor open fire to the point of partial calcination. The second tibia, our control, was macerated using a heated enzyme solution. Controls and burned specimens were examined for the following characteristics: breakaway spur, tooth hop, false start, exit chipping, tooth imprint, breakaway notch, pull out striae, kerf flare, and blade drift. In general, there was parity in the observed characteristics in the burned samples using theSEMand the stereomicroscope.SEMobservation, however, provided enhanced images, with the addition of observing individual tooth imprints, previously not visible. Therefore, this study recommends using anSEMfor the examination of saw cuts in burnt bone.
Histone Acetylation in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Modulates Ethanol‐Induced Locomotor Activity inDBA/2JMice
Authors: Sprow Gretchen M. , Rinker Jennifer A. , Thiele Todd E. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundA growing body of literature suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, including histone acetylation, may play key roles in drug abuse and the development of addiction. Experiments in this study were designed to investigate the role of histone acetylation in ethanol (EtOH)‐induced locomotor sensitization.MethodsImmunohistochemical, Western blotting, and site‐directed pharmacological techniques were used to explore the roles of histone acetylation at histone H3 (acH3K9) in both the expression of and acquisition of EtOH‐induced locomotor sensitization. A commonly used sensitization protocol, in which animals were exposed to repeated injections of a low dose of EtOHwhile in their home cage, was used to examine this behavioral phenomenon. Additionally, site‐directed administration of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Trichostatin A (TSA), in the absence of repeated EtOHinjections, was used to examine the role of hyperacetylation in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) shell in EtOH‐induced locomotor sensitization.ResultsSensitized mice displayed elevated acH3K9 immunoreactivity (IR) localized to the shell of theNAC. This augmentation in acH3K9IRwas confirmed, in a separate experiment, using Western blot analyses. Next, repeated intra‐accumbal infusions ofTSA, in the absence of repeated EtOHinjections, were sufficient to induce an augmented locomotor response to a later injection of a low dose (2.0 g/kg, intraperitoneally) of EtOH, indicative of cross‐sensitization to this locomotor stimulation betweenTSAand EtOH. Finally, a local infusion ofTSAinto the shell of the accumbens was also associated with a significant increase in acH3K9IRwithin this region.ConclusionsTogether, the present observations suggest that histone acetylation, particularly within the shell of theNAC, is important for the development and expression of EtOH‐induced locomotor sensitization.
The importance of olfactory and visual cues in developing better monitoring tools forSirex noctilio(Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Sarvary Mark A. , Cooperband Miriam F. , Hajek Ann E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo improve the monitoring of the invasive European woodwasp, both sexes ofSirex noctiliowere studied in a walk‐in wind tunnel. We evaluated three trap types: unbaited traps, traps baited with a three‐component pheromone lure and traps baited with a commercialSirexkairomone lure and ultraviolet light.When no lure was present, the black intercept trap caught more females than the clear jar trap. The increase in pheromone concentration from 0.1 to 1 mg increased the capture of females, and not males, in the black intercept panel trap. Both of these findings suggest that the visual cues provided by the black intercept trap play an important role in attraction for females.Capture rates between unbaited clear versus black intercept traps did not differ but the addition of aultravioletlight increased trap efficacy. Intercept traps baited with light were more attractive than the commercial kairomone lure.Both olfactory and visual cues were found to play important roles in the response ofS. noctilioto traps. A black trap may enhance the capture of females, whereas the addition ofultravioletlight could enhance capture for both sexes. Integrating these different components may help in developing an improved species‐specific trap forS. noctilio.
Enhanced steroid dosing reduces seizures during antiparasitic treatment for cysticercosis and early after
Authors: Garcia Hector H. , Gonzales Isidro , Lescano Andres G. , Bustos Javier A. , Pretell E. Javier , Saavedra Herbert , Nash Theodore E. ,   The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: August 2014

SummaryObjectiveNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is a major cause of seizures and epilepsy in endemic countries. Antiparasitic treatment of brain cysts leads to seizures due to the host's inflammatory reaction, requiring concomitant steroids. We hypothesized that increased steroid dosing will reduce treatment‐associated seizures.MethodsOpen‐label randomized trial comparing 6 mg/day dexamethasone for 10 days (conventional) with 8 mg/day for 28 days followed by a 2‐week taper (enhanced) in patients with NCC receiving albendazole. Follow‐up included active seizure surveillance and brain imaging. Study outcomes were seizure days and patients with seizures, both measured in days 11–42. Additional analyses compared days 1–10, 11–21, 22–32, 33–42, 43–60, and 61–180.ResultsThirty‐two individuals were randomized into each study arm; two did not complete follow‐up. From days 11 to 42, 59 partial and 6 generalized seizure days occurred in 20 individuals, nonsignificantly fewer in the enhanced arm (12 vs. 49, p = 0.114). The numbers of patients with seizures in this period showed similar nonsignificant differences. In the enhanced steroid arm there were significantly fewer days and individuals with seizures during antiparasitic treatment (days 1–10: 4 vs. 17, p = 0.004, and 1 vs. 10, p = 0.003, number needed to treat [NNT] 4.6, relative risk [RR] 0.1013, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.74) and early after dexamethasone cessation (days 11–21: 6 vs. 27, p = 0.014, and 4 vs. 12, p = 0.021, NNT 4.0, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.92) but not after day 21. There were no significant differences in antiparasitic efficacy or relevant adverse events.SignificanceIncreased dexamethasone dosing results in fewer seizures for the first 21 days during and early after antiparasitic treatment for viable parenchymal NCC but not during the first 11–42 days, which was the primary predetermined time of analysis.
Outcome in Patients Admitted outside Regular Hospital Working Hours: Does Time until Regular Working Hours Matter?
Authors: Nakajima Makoto , Inatomi Yuichiro , Yonehara Toshiro , Watanabe Masaki , Ando Yukio 
Published: August 2014

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether stratifying patients according to the time period from admission to the start of regular working hours would help detect a weekend effect in acute stroke patients. Methods Ischemic stroke patients admitted between October 2002 and March 2012 were analyzed. Working hours were defined as 9:00–17:00 on weekdays. Patients were divided into those admitted during working hours (no-wait group) and three other groups according to the time from admission to working hours: ⩽24 h (short-wait group), 24–48 h (medium-wait group), and >48 h (long-wait group). The modified Rankin Scale score and mortality at three-months were compared among the groups. Results Of 5625 patients, 3323 (59%) were admitted outside working hours. The proportion of patients with an mRS score 0–1 at three-months showed a decreasing trend with the time period before working hours: 47% (no-wait group), 42% (short-wait group), 42% (medium-wait group), and 38% (long-wait group), respectively ( P < 0·001). When the no-wait group was used as a reference, the odds ratio for modified Rankin Scale score 0–1 was 0·88 (95% confidence interval, 0·75–1·04) in the short-wait group, 0·86 (0·69–1·07) in the medium-wait group, and 0·67 (0·53–0·85) in the long-wait group after adjusting for sex, age, premorbid mRS score, previous morbidity, stroke severity, and vascular risk factors. Mortality at three-months was not different between the no-wait group and the other groups. Conclusion A weekend effect might be evident if patients were stratified according to the time period from admission until working hours.
Effects of Root Water Uptake Efficiency on Soil Water Utilization in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Severe Drought Environments
Authors: Kashiwagi J. , Morito Y. , Jitsuyama Y. , An P. , Inoue T. , Inagaki M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractImproving wheat production in drought‐prone areas is the key to meet the increasing global demand. The importance of root traits, especially, the structural traits such as root volume and rooting depth, has been well recognized to confer drought tolerance in wheat. However, generation of knowledge on root water uptake efficiency and its application in drought adaptation breeding had lagged behind. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the root water uptake efficiency to biomass production under acute soil water deficit in six wheat genotypes. Pot experiments were conducted under polythene rainout shelters at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, in 2010 and 2011. Under drought that was measured as smaller critical fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW), the root systems with less reduction water uptake efficiency were found to postpone the relative transpiration decline. This study also showed the existence of substantial genotypic variation on the root water uptake efficiency among the wheat genotypes. The expression of hydrophobic root morphology under drought environments, however, did not explain the results obtained on the relative root water uptake efficiency, indicating other regulative mechanisms in operation for the regulation of transverse water flow in the roots. These findings provide new understanding of drought adaptation in wheat through variations in the root water uptake efficiency.
Structure, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, and Ferromagnetic Properties of BiFeO3‐BaTiO3‐Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Lead‐Free Multiferroic Ceramics
Authors: Li Ying , Jiang Na , Lam Kwok Ho , Guo Yongquan , Zheng Qiaoji , Li Qiang , Zhou Wei , Wan Yang , Lin Dunmin 
Published: August 2014

Lead‐free multiferroic ceramics of BiFeO3‐BaTiO3‐Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 have been prepared by a conventional ceramic technique. The microstructure, multiferroic, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics have been studied. The ceramics sintered at 1000°C for 2 h possess a pure perovskite structure and a morphotropic phase boundary of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases is formed at x = 0.02. After the addition of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, two dielectric anomalies are observed at high temperatures (Tm ~ 510°C–570°C and T2 ~ 720°C). The phase transition around Tm becomes wider gradually with increasing x. The ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and ferromagnetism of the ceramics are significantly improved after the addition of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3. High resistivity (~1.3 × 109 Ω·cm), strong ferroelectricity (Pr = 27.4 μC/cm2), good piezoelectricity (d33 =140 pC/N, kp = 31.4%), and weak magnetic properties (Mr =0.19 emu/g) are observed.
Comparative phylogeography of alpine invertebrates indicates deep lineage diversification and historical refugia in the Australian Alps
Authors: Endo Yoshinori , Nash Michael , Hoffmann Ary A. , Slatyer Rachel , Miller Adam D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimComparative phylogeographic analyses of alpine biota from the Northern Hemisphere have linked patterns of genetic diversification to glacial expansion and contraction events in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Furthermore, the extent of diversification across species groups appears to be associated with vagility. In this study we test whether these patterns apply to a geologically stable system from eastern Australia with comparatively shallow elevational gradients and minimal influence from historical glacial activity.LocationThe Australian Alps, Victoria, eastern Australia.MethodsWe considered phylogeographic patterns across five alpine invertebrate species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Bayesian inference methods were used to estimate species phylogenies and divergence times among lineages. GIS tools were used to map interpopulation genetic divergence and intrapopulation genetic diversity estimates and to visualize spatial patterns across species, providing insights into patterns of endemism and demographic history.ResultsPhylogeographic patterns and the timing of lineage diversification were consistent across taxonomic groups. Mountain summits harbour highly differentiated haplogroups, including summits connected by high‐elevational plateaus, pointing to diversifications being maintained since the early to mid‐Pleistocene. These findings are consistent with previous studies of alpine mammals and reptiles, demonstrating a high degree of endemism in this region, regardless of species vagility.Main conclusionsThe fine spatial scales at which deep genetic differentiation among alpine communities was observed in this study are unprecedented. This suggests that glacial periods have had less of an impact on species distributions and genetic diversity than they have in alpine systems in the Northern Hemisphere. Historical gene flow among sky‐island populations has been limited despite connecting snowlines during glacial periods, suggesting that factors other than snow cover have influenced patterns of gene flow in this region. These findings emphasize the unique phylogeographic history affecting Victorian alpine biodiversity, and the importance of conserving biodiversity from multiple mountain summits in this region of high endemism.
Stay in NICU and infantile haemangioma development
Authors: Gey A. , Ezzedine K. , Diallo A. , Prey S. , Dreyfus I. , Maza A. , Mazereeuw‐Hautier J. , Taïeb A. , Léauté‐Labrèze C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundInfantile haemangiomas (IHs) are more frequent in low birth weight babies, especially premature.ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics of infants with IHs who stayed in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) vs. those with IHs who did not.MethodsProspective observational multicentric study. Consecutive infants consulting for IHs in two departments of paediatric dermatology were included and a questionnaire specifically designed was filled for each patient. To identify factors associated with hospitalization in NICU vs. no hospitalization in NICU, we conducted univariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 210 infants with 323 IHs were included (56 boys, 154 girls, F/M sex ratio 2.75/1); 27 stayed in NICU, whereas 183 did not. Limbs involvement and multiple IHs were more frequent in NICU infants. Similarly, infants who had stayed in NICU had an earlier onset of their IH. Multiple IH was more frequent in infants with a history of congenital onset of IH.ConclusionInfants staying in NICU and those with congenital lesion are at risk for specific type and involvement of their IH and should be early addressed to a dermatologist in case of suspicion of IH to provide them an early diagnosis and to start a treatment if necessary as soon as possible.
Reticular erythematous mucinosis: histopathological and immunohistochemical features of 25 patients compared with 25 cases of lupus erythematosus tumidus
Authors: Cinotti E. , Merlo V. , Kempf W. , Carli C. , Kanitakis J. , Parodi A. , Rongioletti F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivesReticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) and lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) share similarities. However, to our knowledge no study extensively compared the histological features of these two conditions. The aim of this study is to compare the histological and immunohistochemical features of REM and LET.MethodsWe evaluated epidermal thickness, hyperkeratosis, dermo‐epidermal junction changes, interstitial mucin deposition, vessel dilatation and pattern, type and density of the inflammatory infiltrate in 25 cases of REM and LET. Anti‐CD3, anti‐CD20, anti‐CD68, anti‐CD4, anti‐CD8, anti‐CD123, anti‐CD2AP, anti‐IgG and anti‐C3 antibodies were tested in a subset of patients.ResultsBoth diseases are characterized by perivascular dermal infiltrates of lymphocytes mainly CD4+ positive and increased dermal mucin. However, REM tended to show more scattered and more superficial lymphocytes with more superficial mucin and to have less frequent immunoglobulin and complement depositions along the dermo‐epidermal junction. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) were less represented in REM, and were mainly found as single cells differently from LET.ConclusionsREM and LET present some differences in the infiltrate, including PDCs, the mucin deposition and the immunoreactant deposition at the dermo‐epidermal junction that justify the distinction of the two diseases and suggest different pathogenetic mechanisms.
Identification of Chinese herbal medicines by fluorescence microscopy: fluorescent characteristics of medicinal bark
Authors: HUANG X. , LIANG Z. , CHEN H. , ZHAO Z. , LI P. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryMedicinal bark refers to structures outside the vascular cambium of stems, branches and roots of gymnospermous and dicotyledonous plants that are used as medicinal materials; bark is an important type of Chinese herbal medicine. However, identification of the species from which the bark comes can be very difficult, especially when the bark is dried and sliced. In our previous studies, we have found that fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for the identification of easily confused Chinese herbal medicines, powdered Chinese herbal medicines and decoction dregs. To establish the fluorescent characteristics by which medicinal barks can be identified, for ensuring their safe and effective use, a systematic microscopic investigation by normal light and fluorescence microscope was carried out on transverse section samples of 11 medicinal barks commonly used in China. Specifically, the fluorescent characteristics of mechanical tissues, including stone cells and fibres as well as secretory tissues, have been observed. The microscopic features of medicinal bark are here systematically and comparatively described and illustrated. Under the fluorescence microscope, various tissues emitted fluorescence of different colours, and we found that both the colours and the intensity can be used to distinguish and identify these barks.
Why do they hook up? Attachment style and motives of college students
Authors: SNAPP SHANNON , LENTO RENÉ , RYU EHRI , ROSEN KAREN S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAttachment style may be related to variations in hookup experiences; however, we do not know if attachment style is associated with hookup motives. College students (N = 266) completed questionnaires that assessed attachment style and hookup motives. Avoidant attachment was negatively associated with intimacy motives, while anxious attachment was positively related to intimacy. Insecure attachment styles were positively related to coping motives and self‐affirmation motives, but gender interacted with attachment style. Anxious attachment was positively associated with peer pressure motives in men only. The role of attachment style and hookup motives in understanding young adults' hookup experiences will be discussed.