bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferation Conditions Promote Intrinsic Changes in NK Cells for an IL-10 Response
Authors: Tarrio Margarite L. , Lee Seung-Hwan , Fragoso Maria F. , Sun Hong-Wei , Kanno Yuka , O’Shea John J. , Biron Christine A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Constitutively found at high frequencies, the role for NK cell proliferation remains unclear. In this study, a shift in NK cell function from predominantly producing IFN-γ, a cytokine with proinflammatory and antimicrobial functions, to producing the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 was defined during extended murine CMV infection. The response occurred at times subsequent to IL-12 production, but the NK cells elicited acquired responsiveness to IL-12 and IL-21 for IL-10 production. Because neither IL-12 nor IL-21 was required in vivo, however, additional pathways appeared to be available to promote NK cell IL-10 expression. In vitro studies with IL-2 to support proliferation and in vivo adoptive transfers into murine CMV-infected mice demonstrated that NK cell proliferation and further division enhanced the change. In contrast to the sustained open profile of the IFN-γ gene, NK cells responding to infection acquired histone modifications in the IL-10 gene indicative of changing from a closed to an open state. The IL-10 response to IL-12 was proliferation dependent ex vivo if the NK cells had not yet expanded in vivo but independent if they had. Thus, a novel role for proliferation in supporting changing innate cell function is reported.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisKeto-Mycolic Acid and Macrophage Nuclear Receptor TR4 Modulate Foamy Biogenesis in Granulomas: A Case of a Heterologous and Noncanonical Ligand-Receptor Pair
Authors: Dkhar Hedwin Kitdorlang , Nanduri Ravikanth , Mahajan Sahil , Dave Sandeep , Saini Ankita , Somavarapu Arun Kumar , Arora Ashish , Parkesh Raman , Thakur Krishan Gopal , Mayilraj Shanmugam , Gupta Pawan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is configured of bioactive lipid classes that are essential for virulence and potentially involved in the formation of foamy macrophages (FMs) and granulomas. Our recent work established crosstalk between M. tuberculosis cell wall lipids and the host lipid-sensing nuclear receptor TR4. In this study, we have characterized, identified, and adopted a heterologous ligand keto-mycolic acid from among M. tuberculosis lipid repertoire for the host orphan NR TR4. Crosstalk between cell wall lipids and TR4 was analyzed by transactivation and promoter reporter assays. Mycolic acid (MA) was found to transactivate TR4 significantly compared with other cell wall lipids. Among the MA, the oxygenated form, keto-MA, was responsible for transactivation, and the identity was validated by TR4 binding assays followed by TLC and nuclear magnetic resonance. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that keto-MA binding to TR4 is energetically favorable. This keto-MA–TR4 axis seems to be essential to this oxygenated MA induction of FMs and granuloma formation as evaluated by in vitro and in vivo model of granuloma formation. TR4 binding with keto-MA features a unique association of host nuclear receptor with a bacterial lipid and adds to the presently known ligand repertoire beyond dietary lipids. Pharmacologic modulation of this heterologous axis may hold promise as an adjunct therapy to frontline tuberculosis drugs.
Early Lymphoid Responses and Germinal Center Formation Correlate with Lower Viral Load Set Points and Better Prognosis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Hong Jung Joo , Amancha Praveen K. , Rogers Kenneth A. , Courtney Cynthia L. , Havenar-Daughton Colin , Crotty Shane , Ansari Aftab A. , Villinger Francois 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We have investigated the dynamics of germinal center (GC) formation in lymphoid tissues following acute SIV infection. SIV induces a marked follicular hyperplasia, associated with an aberrant accumulation of nonproliferating T follicular helper cells within GCs, but with an abundance of cells producing IL-21, demonstrating that the mechanisms involved for these two events appear independent. IL-21–stimulated T follicular helper cells are considered a critical element for GC formation, a physiological process that seems dysregulated and excessive during HIV/SIV infection, contributing to lymphoid pathogenesis. However, the data suggest that the kinetics by which such GCs are formed may be an important predictor of the host–pathogen equilibrium, as early GC hyperplasia was associated with better control of viral replication. In contrast, monkeys undergoing fast disease progression upon infection exhibited an involution of GCs without local IL-21 production in GCs. These results provide important clues regarding GC-related hyperimmune responses in the context of disease progression within various individuals during HIV/SIV infection and may open novel therapeutic avenues to limit lymphoid dysfunction, postinfection.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Oocyte Aneuploidy in Women Undergoing IVF-ICSI Treatment
Authors: Bentov Yaakov , Hannam Thomas , Jurisicova Andrea , Esfandiari Navid , Casper Robert F. 
Published: June 2014

Background The age-related reduction in live-birth rate is attributed to a high rate of aneuploidy and follicle depletion. We showed in an animal model that treatment with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) markedly improved reproductive outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the post-meiotic oocyte aneuploidy rate in in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients treated with CoQ10 or placebo. Methods We conducted a double blind placebo controlled randomized trial that included IVF-ICSI patients 35-43 years of age. The patients were treated with either 600 mg of CoQ10 or an equivalent number of placebo caps. We compared the post-meiotic aneuploidy rate using polar body biopsy (PBBX) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). According to the power calculation, 27 patients were needed for each arm. Results Owing to safety concerns regarding the effects of polar body biopsy on embryo quality and implantation, the study was terminated before reaching the target number of participants. A total of 39 patients were evaluated and randomized (17 CoQ10, 22 placebo), 27 were given the study medication (12 CoQ10, 15 placebo), and 24 completed an IVF-ICSI cycle including PBBX and embryo transfer (10 CoQ10, 14 placebo). Average age, base line follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), peak estradiol and progesterone serum level, as well as the total number of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) units–-did not differ between the groups. The rate of aneuploidy was 46.5% in the CoQ10 group compared to 62.8% in the control. Clinical pregnancy rate was 33% for the CoQ10 group and 26.7% for the control group. Conclusion No significant differences in outcome were detected between the CoQ10 and placebo groups. However, the final study was underpowered to detect a difference in the rate of aneuploidy.
Moisture profiles of the upper soil layer during evaporation monitored by NMR
Authors: Merz Steffen , Pohlmeier Andreas , Vanderborght Jan , van Dusschoten Dagmar , Vereecken Harry 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNear‐surface soil moisture profiles contain important information about the evaporation process from a bare soil. In this study, we demonstrated that such profiles could be monitored noninvasively and with high spatial resolution using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Soil moisture profiles were measured in a column exposed to evaporation for a period of 67 days using a stationary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) high field scanner and a unilateral NMR sensor. The column was packed with medium sand and initially saturated. Two distinct shapes of soil moisture profiles that are characteristic for stage I (evaporation rate is controlled by atmospheric demand) and stage II (evaporation rate is controlled by the porous medium) of the evaporation process were followed by both MRI and unilateral NMR. During stage I, an approximately uniform decrease of soil moisture over time was monitored, whereas during stage II, S‐shaped moisture profiles developed which receded progressively into the soil column. These promising results and the specific design of the unilateral NMR system make it very well suited for determining soil moisture profiles in the field.
Height, its components, and coagulability among olderChinese: TheGuangzhoubiobank cohort study
Authors: Zhong Y. , Jiang C.Q. , Cheng K.K. , Zhang W.S. , Liu B. , Jin Y.L. , Lam T.H. , Leung G.M. , Schooling C.M. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesThe causal role of some cardiovascular risk factors, such as HDL cholesterol, has been increasingly challenged and attention is returning to all elements of Virchow's triad, i.e., hypercoagulability (including viscosity) as well as endothelial function and blood flow. We examined the life course origins of coagulability.MethodsWe used multivariable linear regression to assess whether childhood influences, proxied by height and its components, were associated with hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (HGB), and other hematological parameters in 28,595 older Chinese adults (mean age = 61.8 years) from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.ResultsAdjusted for age, sex, and recruitment phase, leg length was negatively associated with platelets (PLT) (−0.83 × 109/l per centimeter (cm), 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.01 to −0.65). Sitting height and height were positively associated with Hct (0.05% per cm, 95% CI 0.04–0.07 for sitting height; 0.02% per cm, 95% CI 0.01–0.02 for height), HGB (0.21 g/l per cm, 95% CI 0.17–0.25; 0.07 g/l per cm, 95% CI 0.04–0.09) and negatively associated with PLT (−1.2 × 109/l per cm, 95% CI −1.4 to −1.0; −0.83 × 109/l per cm, 95% CI −0.95 to −0.70). Further adjustment for potential confounders did little to change the estimates.ConclusionsFor the first time we provide anthropometric evidence for the different roles of prepubertal and pubertal influences in relation to Hct and HGB. Whether factors that promote leg growth but reduce growth of sitting height may help to prevent cardiovascular events, via effects on hypercoagulability or viscosity, overall or in specific subgroups, remains to be determined. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:603–608, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tailoring of Deep‐Red Luminescence in Ca2SiO4:Eu2+
Authors: Sato Yasushi , Kato Hideki , Kobayashi Makoto , Masaki Takaki , Yoon Dae‐Ho , Kakihana Masato 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe report a new dicalcium silicate phosphor, Ca2−xEuxSiO4, which emits red light in response to blue‐light excitation. When excited at 450 nm, deep‐red emission at 650 nm was clearly observed in Ca1.2Eu0.8SiO4, the external and internal quantum efficiencies of which were 44 % and 50 %, respectively. The red emission from Ca2−xEuxSiO4 was strongly related to the peculiar coordination environments of Eu2+ in two types of Ca sites. The red‐emitting Ca2SiO4:Eu2+ phosphors are promising materials for next‐generation, white‐light‐emitting diode applications.
Dynamics of Intact Immunoglobulin G Explored by Drift‐Tube Ion‐Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Pacholarz Kamila J. , Porrini Massimiliano , Garlish Rachel A. , Burnley Rebecca J. , Taylor Richard J. , Henry Alistair J. , Barran Perdita E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCollision cross‐sections (CCS) of immunoglobulins G1 and G4 have been determined using linear drift‐tube ion‐mobility mass spectrometry. Intact antibodies and Fc‐hinge fragments present with a larger range of CCS than proteins of comparable size. This is rationalized with MD simulations, which indicate significant in vacuo dynamics between linked folded domains. The IgG4 subclass presents over a wider CCS range than the IgG1 subclass.
A Biocompatible Alkene Hydrogenation Merges Organic Synthesis with Microbial Metabolism
Authors: Sirasani Gopal , Tong Liuchuan , Balskus Emily P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOrganic chemists and metabolic engineers use orthogonal technologies to construct essential small molecules such as pharmaceuticals and commodity chemicals. While chemists have leveraged the unique capabilities of biological catalysts for small‐molecule production, metabolic engineers have not likewise integrated reactions from organic synthesis with the metabolism of living organisms. Reported herein is a method for alkene hydrogenation which utilizes a palladium catalyst and hydrogen gas generated directly by a living microorganism. This biocompatible transformation, which requires both catalyst and microbe, and can be used on a preparative scale, represents a new strategy for chemical synthesis that combines organic chemistry and metabolic engineering.
Covalent Hypercoordination: Can Carbon Bind Five Methyl Ligands?
Authors: McKee William C. , Agarwal Jay , Schaefer Henry F. , Schleyer Paul von R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractC(CH3)5+is the first reported example of a five‐coordinate carbon atom bound only to separate (that is, monodentate) carbon ligands. This species illustrate the limits of carbon bonding, exhibiting Lewis‐violating “electron‐deficient bonds” between the hypercoordinate carbon and its methyl groups. Though not kinetically persistent under standard laboratory conditions, its dissociation activation barriers may permit C(CH3)5+fleeting existence near 0 K.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Unstabilized Enolates Derived from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Chen Ming , Hartwig John F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe report Ir‐catalyzed, enantioselective allylic substitution reactions of unstabilized silyl enolates derived from α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Asymmetric allylic substitution of a variety of allylic carbonates with silyl enolates gave allylated products in 62–94 % yield with 90–98 % ee and >20:1 branched‐to‐linear selectivity. The synthetic utility of this method was illustrated by the short synthesis of an anticancer agent, TEI‐9826.
Ultrafluorogenic Coumarin–Tetrazine Probes for Real‐Time Biological Imaging
Authors: Meimetis Labros G. , Carlson Jonathan C. T. , Giedt Randy J. , Kohler Rainer H. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe have developed a series of new ultrafluorogenic probes in the blue‐green region of the visible‐light spectrum that display fluorescence enhancement exceeding 11 000‐fold. These fluorogenic dyes integrate a coumarin fluorochrome with the bioorthogonal trans‐cyclooctene(TCO)–tetrazine chemistry platform. By exploiting highly efficient through‐bond energy transfer (TBET), these probes exhibit the highest brightness enhancements reported for any bioorthogonal fluorogenic dyes. No‐wash, fluorogenic imaging of diverse targets including cell‐surface receptors in cancer cells, mitochondria, and the actin cytoskeleton is possible within seconds, with minimal background signal and no appreciable nonspecific binding, opening the possibility for in vivo sensing.
A General Copper‐Mediated Nucleophilic 18F Fluorination of Arenes
Authors: Tredwell Matthew , Preshlock Sean M. , Taylor Nicholas J. , Gruber Stefan , Huiban Mickael , Passchier Jan , Mercier Joël , Génicot Christophe , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMolecules labeled with fluorine‐18 are used as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. An important challenge is the labeling of arenes not amenable to aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) with [18F]F−. In the ideal case, the 18F fluorination of these substrates would be performed through reaction of [18F]KF with shelf‐stable readily available precursors using a broadly applicable method suitable for automation. Herein, we describe the realization of these requirements with the production of 18F arenes from pinacol‐derived aryl boronic esters (arylBPin) upon treatment with [18F]KF/K222 and [Cu(OTf)2(py)4] (OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate, py=pyridine). This method tolerates electron‐poor and electron‐rich arenes and various functional groups, and allows access to 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐DOPA, 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine, and the translocator protein (TSPO) PET ligand [18F]DAA1106.
Demonstration of the Heterolytic OO Bond Cleavage of Putative Nonheme Iron(II)OOH(R) Complexes for Fenton and Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Bang Suhee , Park Sora , Lee Yong‐Min , Hong Seungwoo , Cho Kyung‐Bin , Nam Wonwoo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOne‐electron reduction of mononuclear nonheme iron(III) hydroperoxo (FeIIIOOH) and iron(III) alkylperoxo (FeIIIOOR) complexes by ferrocene (Fc) derivatives resulted in the formation of the corresponding iron(IV) oxo complexes. The conversion rates were dependent on the concentration and oxidation potentials of the electron donors, thus indicating that the reduction of the iron(III) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo complexes to their one‐electron reduced iron(II) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo species is the rate‐determining step, followed by the heterolytic OO bond cleavage of the putative iron(II) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo species to give the iron(IV) oxo complexes. Product analysis supported the heterolytic OO bond‐cleavage mechanism. The present results provide the first example showing the one‐electron reduction of iron(III) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo complexes and the heterolytic OO bond cleavage of iron(II) (hydro/alkyl)peroxo species to form iron(IV) oxo intermediates which occur in nonheme iron enzymatic and Fenton reactions.
A facile one‐step method for spherical support preparation of Ziegler‐Natta catalyst
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Weili , Xia Xianzhi , Mao Bingquan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis study reports a novel one‐step method to synthesize a new spherical support for Ziegler‐Natta catalyst under moderate condition. The support is obtained from a dispersion system where the particle stabilizer polyvinylpyrrolidone plays a main role to stabilize the spherical particles. The new chemical of the support is CH3CH2OMgOCH(CH2Cl)2, which is first reported here, has been approved by newly filed patents and also confirmed by solution NMR, solid state NMR, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (Py‐GC‐MS), and ICP‐MS. The support and catalyst particles have uniform distributions. The catalyst prepared from this support has been evaluated with high activity. The polypropylene obtained has high isotacticity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41014.
Synthesis and cationic photopolymerization of fluorine‐containing vinyl ether monomers for the hydrophobic films
Authors: Li Wei , Feng Ping , Zou Yingquan , Hai Bo 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTFluorine‐containing vinyl ether monomer is a combination of UV‐curing technology and low surface energy materials. In this article, a type of fluorine‐containing vinyl ether monomer was synthesized by the reaction of fluorinated alcohols, hexafluorobenzene, 2‐vinyloxy ethanol, and sodium hydride. These monomers exhibit low viscosity and good fluidity. The effect of the fluorine content of the monomers on their UV‐curing behavior was monitored by photo‐differential scanning calorimetry. The photo‐polymerization process was efficient because the double‐bond conversed sufficiently (>85%) and the curing rate was fast (<20 s). In addition, the surface energy of homopolymer and copolymer films was researched. The surface free energy was very low and could even reach 0.92 mJ m−2. The low surface energy was due to high fluorine content and the diffusion of uncured monomers, which was on the basis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and observed conversions. The structure of homopolymers and copolymers was one of the most important influences on the surface free energy and the thermal properties. The copolymers exhibited better thermal stability than the homopolymers. All of these results demonstrated that these monomers are suitable for a wide range of practical applications such as UV coatings, UV inks, and photoresists. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41019.
Phase separation to create hydrophilic yet non‐water soluble PLA/PLA‐b‐PEG fibers via electrospinning
Authors: Buttaro Larissa M. , Drufva Erin , Frey Margaret W. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn moisture wicking fabrics, fibers with hydrophilic surfaces that are also non‐water soluble are desirable. In poly(lactic acid), PLA, fibers it is expected that the addition of poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, will monotonically increase their wicking rates. In this paper, phase separation was used to create biocompatible, biodegradable, hydrophilic yet non‐water soluble fibers by electrospinning PLA with PEG and PLA‐b‐PEG copolymers. By tuning the thermoelectric parameters of the apparatus, and the chemical properties of the dopes, the amount of PEG in the fibers was improved over prior work; concentration increased by 60% (by weight, wt %) to 16 wt % in the PLA fiber. Instead of the expected increasing wicking rates with PEG concentration, there is a peak at 12 wt %; at greater concentrations, wicking decreases due to PEG crystallization within the PLA (verified via DSC). At 12 wt % PEG from copolymers, the nanofabric's wettability increases to 1300% its original weight. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41030.
Silk fibroin‐chondroitin sulfate‐alginate porous scaffolds: Structural properties and in vitro studies
Authors: Naeimi Mitra , Fathi Mohammadhossein , Rafienia Mohammad , Bonakdar Shahin 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe development of porous biodegradable scaffolds is of great interest in tissue engineering. In this regard, exploration of novel biocompatible materials is needed. Silk fibroin‐chondroitin sulfate‐sodium alginate (SF‐CHS‐SA) porous hybrid scaffolds were successfully prepared via lyophilization method and crosslinked by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide‐ethanol treatment. According to the scanning electron microscopy studies, mean pore diameters of the scaffolds were in the range of 60–187 μm. The porosity percentage of the scaffold with SF‐CHS‐SA ratio of 70 : 15 : 15 (w/w/w %) was 92.4 ± 3%. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed the transition from amorphous random coil to crystalline β‐sheet in treated SF‐CHS‐SA scaffold. Compressive modulus was significantly improved in hybrid scaffold with SF‐CHS‐SA ratio of 70 : 15 : 15 (3.35 ± 0.15 MPa). Cytotoxicity assay showed that the scaffolds have no toxic effects on chondrocytes. Attachment of chondrocytes was much more improved within the SF‐CHS‐SA hybrid scaffold. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed a significant increase in gene expression of collagen type II, aggrecan, and SOX9 and decrease in gene expression of collagen type I for SF‐CHS‐SA compared with SF scaffold. This novel hybrid scaffold can be a good candidate to be utilized as an efficient scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41048.