bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEADING WORKPLACE SAFETY
Authors: Ellis C 
Published: October 2012

Leading workplace safety demands a different approach from most other business functions. Safety performance relies on minute by minute decisions by individuals in a workforce. A moment of distraction may cause an incremental reduction in productivity, but that same inattention has the potential to cause a serious workplace injury or fatality. While the individual drivers of workplace safety behaviour are complex many businesses have been successful by addressing safety culture as a whole. Workplace health and safety must be led as well as managed.Today most leaders of large businesses recognise the engagement, productivity and cost benefits from actively leading workplace health and safety. The challenge is that while they have a desire to improve workplace health and safety, many business leaders are uncertain what their role is and where their effort will be most effective.The Business Leaders Health and Safety Forum brings together leaders of over 100 of New Zealand's largest companies with the vision of Zero Harm Workplaces. Members acknowledge that they are in a unique position to improve workplace health and safety in their own businesses and across the wider business community. The goal is to lead a step change in health and safety performance over the next 2 years by:• developing and growing world-class safety leadership in New Zealands business leaders• using the individual and collective influence of business leaders to positively contribute to changes in health and safety in New Zealand• providing opportunities for business leaders to share resources to overcome common challenges.
CHILDHOOD DROWNING PREVENTION: WHAT APPROACHES WORK?
Authors: Rahman AKMF 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDrowning is a global public health problem of children. Drowning affects all age groups, but children 1–4 years appear the greatest risk. In high-income countries (HICs) various child drowning prevention measures have been advocated. However, prevention efforts in low- and middle-income countries are almost non-existent.ObjectivesThe objectives of the paper are to review different child drown prevention approaches of both high and low- and middle-income countries and to recommend global strategies.MethodsAn extensive literature review, both scientific articles and gray reports, was carried out to document effective approaches for childhood drowning prevention in both high and low income countries.ResultsIn HICs various drowning prevention measures including pool fencing, pool fencing legislation, parent education, close supervision of young children, use of personal devices, laws on alcohol use, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and swimming instruction have been proven effective. However, in LMICs there is scarcity of proven interventions. The recent intervention study ‘PRECISE’ in Bangladesh generated some evidence of child drowning prevention; where the crèche for young children 1–4 years and survival swimming for 4–10-year-old children were found 80% and 96% protective respectively.SignificanceChild drowning is preventable even in resource poor settings. Considering the socio-economic and geographical differences many of the prevention approaches of HICs are not applicable to LMIC settings Therefore, interventions need to be set according to individual country context.
APPROACHES TO DROWNING PREVENTION IN HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES (HIC'S)
Authors: Moran K 
Published: October 2012

Drowning as a consequence of aquatic recreation is a significant cause of unintentional death worldwide, high income countries (HIC's) being no exception. In most developed countries, a multifaceted approach, consisting of many layers of protection from drowning, has been widely promoted. Recent landmarks in the field of drowning prevention (such as the world conferences in 2002, 2007 and 2011) have precipitated research activity. New publications (such as theHandbook on Drowning, 2006 and an international journal on aquatic research and education [IJARE], 2007) have stimulated dissemination of research findings.From the plethora of associated safety messages, an international task force of 18 drowning prevention advocates identified 8 key generic messages for both ‘care of self’ and ‘care of others’ around open water. In each category,the learning of swimming and water survival skillswere the highest priority message. Other messages focussed on the value of lifeguard supervision, obeying safety rules and signage, alcohol avoidance, lifejacket use, close and constant supervision for the young, first aid and CPR skills, safe entry skills, and safe rescue techniques. The guidelines helped inform expert opinion, identified gaps in the research where evidence is weak or non-existent, and made recommendations for a research agenda to inform future drowning prevention interventions.This presentation presents recent research addressing many of these issues including: defining swimming and water competence; water safety education in HIC's; parental understanding of child water safety and supervision; high-risk behaviours, activities and groups, and drowning risk perception.
GETTING RESEARCH PUBLISHED: WRITING FOR BIOMEDICAL JOURNALS
Authors: Johnston B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPeer review and publication in biomedical journals is an important component of injury prevention research and dissemination.PurposeIn this workshop, facilitated by editorial board members from the journalInjury Prevention, participants will become familiar with the process of writing for scientific publication, including a discussion of common mistakes, useful resources and strategies to improve the writing process and acceptance rates.MethodsDidactic presentation followed by small group discussion and exercises.OutcomeAttendees will understand the structure of scientific manuscripts, be able to recognise attributes of a good introduction and discussion section, describe the use of checklists and guidelines as an aid to writers, and be able to outline the process of peer review and editorial decision-making.
Population based characteristics of fatalities and hospital admissions for acute poisoning in Fiji
Authors: Peiris-John R , Wainiqolo I , Kafoa B , McCaig E , Ameratunga S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundGlobally, the burden of acute poisoning is disproportionately borne by low- and middle-income countries. Culturally mediated factors have been suggested to account for the variations in the epidemiology of poisoning within countries.AimTo investigate the incidence and demographic characteristics of poisoning fatalities and hospital admissions among indigenous Fijians and Indians in Viti Levu, Fiji.MethodsIndividuals with a mechanism of injury classified as poisoning were identified using the Fiji Injury Surveillance in Hospitals system, a population-based trauma registry established for 12-months in Viti Levu. Relevant data were extracted and analysed.ResultsThe 17 fatalities and 169 primary hospital admissions accounted for mean annual rates of 2.3 and 26.0/100 000 respectively. Overall, more than two-thirds of the poisonings occurred among people of Indian ethnicity. The annual rate of hospital admissions among Indians was 3.1 times that of Fijians (41.2 cf 13.3/100 000). Unintentional poisoning admission rates were highest among Indian males aged 0–14 years (36.1/100 000). Most intentional poisoning admissions occurred among females (n=50, 59.5%) and in 15–29 year olds (n=65, 79.3%). The annual hospital admission rate in this age group was 9.8/100 000, with a seven-fold excess rate among Indians compared with Fijians. Over 75% of poisoning events occurred at home.SignificanceThis population-based study identifies important differences in the socio-demographic characteristics associated with poisoning in Fiji. These differences indicate the need for culturally relevant strategies that consider the specific contexts for suicide and self-harm among the Indian population in Fiji, as well as broader implications for hazards at home for the population in Fiji more generally.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of home safety interventions (education and provision of safety equipment) for child injury prevention
Authors: Kendrick D , Wynn P , Young B , Mason-Jones A , Ilyas N , Achana F , Cooper N. , Hubbard S , Sutton A , Smith S , Mulvaney C , Watson M , Coupland C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries are the leading cause of childhood death in industrialised countries with steep social gradients in morbidity and mortality. Most injuries in pre-school children occur at home, however there is little meta-analytic evidence that home safety interventions (HSI) reduce injury rates, improve safety practices or impact on injury inequalities.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo investigate effectiveness of HSI in increasing home safety practices and reducing child injury rates and whether the effect varied by social group.MethodsBibliographic databases, relevant websites, conference proceedings, bibliographies of relevant studies, and previously published reviews were searched.Results/Outcome54 studies were included in at least one meta-analysis. HSI were effective in promoting safe hot tap water temperatures (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86), functional smoke alarms (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.52), fire escape plans (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1,45 to 2.77), storing medicines (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.84) and cleaning products (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.96) out of reach, having syrup of ipecac (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.50 to 7.44) and poison control centre numbers accessible (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.70 to 6.39) and fitted stair gates (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.17). HSI may reduce injury rates especially when delivered at home (IRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.91). There was no consistent evidence that HSI were less effective in those at greater risk of injury.Significance/Contribution to the FieldHSI are effective in increasing a range of safety practices and may reduce injury rates without widening existing inequalities.
Can lay educators be used to integrate injury prevention messages into home visitation programmes?
Authors: Stephens-Stidham S , Colunga I , Mowell C , Johnson U , Istre G 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHome visitation programmes by professionals have been proven effective at reducing certain injuries, yet there are limited data about the efficacy of the use of non-professionals in these programmes. The Injury Prevention Center (IPC) partnered with an established education-oriented home visitation programme, to include burn prevention messages, and evaluated its impact on two measurable prevention behaviors: smoke alarm (SA) prevalence and hot water temperature (H2O temp).Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo measure the impact of the intervention on working SA prevalence and H2O temp in Irving, TX.MethodsHome visitors provided literature and verbal educational messages about the importance of SAs and appropriate H2O temp (ie, <120 F) to parents. Trained IPC staff assessed working SA status and tap H2O temp in each intervention home initially and 2 months later.Results/OutcomeNinety-six homes were included in analysis. Twelve (13%) had both optimal SA coverage and optimal H2O temp. Of the remaining 84, 23 (27%) either acquired a SA or lowered H2O temp by >5° on follow-up assessment. Of those who still lacked optimal SA or H2O temp, 38 (62%) reported trying to make one of the changes. Participants reported that the most important factor for making a change was having an individual check the SA and H2O temp.Significance/Contribution to the FieldUsing non-professional educators to incorporate injury prevention messages into an existing home visitation programme may be an effective way to increase working SA prevalence and improving H2O temp, especially if it includes physically checking the status of SAs and H2O temp.
Role of rescue 1122 in the development of safer communities in Pakistan
Authors: Naseer R , Tahir N , Akbar AH 
Published: October 2012

Until recent past, people of the Pakistan were deprived of their basic human right of availability of timely pre-hospital emergency care. There were 95% chances that an injured person dying on the road, shall not get an ambulance in time. Similarly, emergency services like fire, rescue and disaster response teams were virtually non-existent in the country.Rescue 1122 was initially launched as an ambulance service from Lahore in 2004. Successively, the service was not only extended to all 36 districts of the Province Punjab, but also crossed the provincial boundaries. Presently, it has developed into a comprehensive system of emergency care and safety promotion that is offering ambulance, fire, rescue, water rescue, disaster emergency response teams and safer community programme to over 80 Million inhabitants of Pakistan. So far, the service has rescued over 1.4 million victims of various emergencies.Today, Rescue 1122 has become a largest humanitarian organisation in the country, but the job has not been completed yet, because the mission of the service is to develop an efficient system of emergency care and build safer communities. Therefore, we look forward with the vision Saving Lives: Changing Minds, and every effort is going on to work for injury prevention and safety promotion. Injury prevention research and emergency data is regularly presented to policy makers at local and national levels to formulate an evidence based strategies to bring down the rate of various emergencies. These initiatives are providing basis for the establishment of safer communities in Pakistan.
Epidemiological study on disability causes by injury in the Chinese population
Authors: Dai Dai Jinfang 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo describe and analyse the prevalence and epidemiological feature of people with disability caused by injury in the Chinese population, and then to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control of injury.MethodThe statistical description and inference were used to analyse the data of the Second China National Sample Survey on injury-caused Disability. Cluster analysis was used to analyse the differences in regions.ResultThe overall prevalence of disability caused by injury was 99.68/10 000 which occupied 15.59% of all disability (multiple disability was excluded). Physical disability and hearing disability account for 65.59% and 23.35% of all the injury-caused disability respectively, while those ranked Grade IV and III make up the overwhelming majority (55.14% and 25.83% respectively). There were significant differences in the distribution of injury-caused disability among different age groups (χ2=23 106.14, p<0.001) and gender (χ2=2 161.74, p<0.001). Agedness and men have a higher risk of encountering an injury-caused disability. Five clusters were identified by cluster analysis which injury-caused disability were severe in the fifth (Sichuan province) and. the fourth cluster (Hunan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Ningxia province).ConclusionThe problem raised by injury-caused disability in the Chinese population cannot be ignored. Physical disability and hearing disability were the two main types. Age, gender and region were related to injury-caused disability and different-aimed strategy should be worked out to decrease the injury-caused disability in China.
Perceptions of ‘emergency’ between health care providers and community
Authors: Chantarasiri J , Nuntaboot K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAccording to the pilot study, it was found that there were various emergency cases. Such phenomena showed that apart from the different definition of emergency given by the Health Care Provider and Community.ObjectivesTo discover perceptions of ‘Emergency’ between Health care providers and community.MethodsThe qualitative ethnographic research was used and conducted in the rural area. The data were collected by in-depth interviews and focus groups. The key informants were 84 persons and the general informants were 137 persons. Content analysis was used.ResultsThe definition given was presented as both a biological and a social dimension. The community gave the definition of an emergency as it was not only about illnesses, but it was also a social issue affecting lifestyle of individual, family and community. Emergency cases of this aspect included disturbances, controversy, urgent issues and disasters. The severity of the symptoms are difference between Health care providers and community. The Health care providers cited ‘Emergency’ follow through medical criterions and assess the severity according to the medical investigations but the community are more sensational.Contribution to the FieldIf the Health care providers use the view of social perspective towards emergency cases to fulfil the biomedical perspective, the demands of the people will actually be met and it will help the management system of assistance for emergency cases of the community to be completed and will cover all problems especially when using social perspective view. This will lead to the happiness in the community.
Sink or swim? the perceptions of return to work coordinators
Authors: Bohatko-naismith J , Rivett D , James C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundReturns to Work Coordinator's (RTW) were introduced to the Australian workplace two decades ago and they are now critical in the facilitation of workplace RTW. Training for the role was developed and is considered mandatory in some states. There is no Australian research available to determine if the current training provided is meeting the needs of RTW Coordinators.PurposeThe study aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of RTW Coordinators with respect to their current training and to ascertain whether it is meeting their requirements.MethodsFocus groups were conducted with RTW Coordinators in five capital cities in Australia. RTW Coordinators with a minimum of two years' experience and who were involved in the development and implementation of relevant policies and procedures were recruited. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and coded using a phenomenological approach.ResultsThree key themes relating to the current training available for RTW Coordinators were identified. These were: professional development, specialised trainers and practical content.Contribution to the FieldRTW Coordinators are pivotal in the RTW process and it is crucial that training they receive provides the necessary skills to perform this role. This study identified the importance of ongoing professional development as a method of supporting RTW Coordinators in the workplace, and providing specialised trainers with a practical approach. The findings will begin to build a body of knowledge in the Australian context and may inform appropriate educational and training standards.
Development and pilot testing of a new acute paediatrics and injury course for ambulance providers in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Chandran A , Kazi G , Eckerle M , Qureshi S , Hyder AA , Razzak J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAppropriate and timely provision of pre-hospital care is critical for improving outcomes to injury and trauma. Pre-hospital providers in Pakistan as in most low and middle income countries do not receive standardised training in evidence-based acute paediatric care.Aims/Objectives/PurposeDevelop an Acute Paediatrics and Injury Care (APIC) course tailored to the local context and pilot test the course in ambulance providers in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsAPIC, a combination didactic and practical exercise-based course, was developed using validated international course materials and modifying them to the local context in collaboration with local paediatric and emergency providers. The course was piloted in 24 ambulance providers who were asked to complete pre and post-course knowledge assessments and a 3 month follow up knowledge retention test.Results/OutcomeUpon course completion, students exhibited a statistically significant knowledge gain (57.9% in the pre-test to 73.9% in the post-test, p=<0.001). Of the 19 students completing the knowledge retention test, students exhibited statistically significant gain in knowledge in the area of airway management/respiratory distress (56% to 74%, p=0.027), and a trend towards increased knowledge in shock (42% to 68%, p=0.06), fluid administration (74% to 95%, p=0.13) and trauma resuscitation (74% to 84%, p=1.0).Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe APIC course provided ambulance providers in Pakistan with important knowledge gains in paediatric-specific emergency care, particularly in the area of airway management and respiratory distress. Further studies are needed for expansion to a wider audience and to assess the impact of such courses on actual outcomes of paediatric illness, injuries and trauma.
Establishing a trauma registry in a level 1 trauma centre in Subsaharan Africa—challenges and local experience
Authors: Ifesanya AO , Afuwape OO , Rukewe A , Alonge TO 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn developing countries, the accurate burden of trauma usually cannot be quantified. Our hospital, the largest in the country does not have a trauma registry.ObjectivesWe share experiences in establishing a trauma registry in our hospital, reviewing the first 103 cases and identifying the challenges.MethodsA trauma study group consisting of emergency physicians and 3 trauma surgeons drew up modalities of the project and funding was from personal contributions. A questionnaire was developed and administered to all trauma patients presenting to the emergency room and updated until discharge. Monthly meetings were held by the group to review progress.ResultsMean age was 34.2±18.2 years with a male: female ratio of 3.1. Most injuries occurred between 13 : 00–18 : 59 h. Average revised trauma score was 11.5±1.1 (range=7–12). Delay before reaching the first hospital was 16.2 h and 24.9 h before arrival at our A&E. Blunt injuries caused 72% and penetrating injuries 14%. About half were traffic crash victims, 12% falls, 7% gunshot and burns 6%. About 62% of injuries occurred on roads. Passers-by provided first aid in 12%, 47% received none. Only one patient received on-scene cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Orthopaedics (41%), Neurosurgery (22%), and Plastic, reconstructive and burns (18%) teams were the most called. Our challenges included duplicate or incomplete documentation, missed cases, cost of registry software, payment of staff, unretrieved questionnaires and cumbersome data spreadsheet.SignificanceThe study shows that personal effort could be successful at developing a trauma registry. The use of expensive software is not always necessary.