bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrity of white matter microstructure in alcoholics with and without Korsakoff's syndrome
Authors: Segobin Shailendra , Ritz Ludivine , Lannuzel Coralie , Boudehent Céline , Vabret François , Eustache Francis , Beaunieux Hélène , Pitel Anne‐Lise 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlcohol dependence results in two different clinical forms: “uncomplicated” alcoholism (UA) and Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). Certain brain networks are especially affected in UA and KS: the frontocerebellar circuit (FCC) and the Papez circuit (PC). Our aims were (1) to describe the profile of white matter (WM) microstructure in FCC and PC in the two clinical forms, (2) to identify those UA patients at risk of developing KS using their WM microstructural integrity as a biomarker. Tract‐based spatial statistics and nonparametric voxel‐based permutation tests were used to compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in 7 KS, 20 UA, and 14 healthy controls. The two patient groups were also pooled together and compared to controls. k‐means classifications were then performed on mean fractional anisotropy values of significant clusters across all subjects for two fiber tracts from the FCC (the middle cerebellar peduncle and superior cerebellar peduncle) and two tracts from the PC (fornix and cingulum). We found graded effects of WM microstructural abnormalities in the PC of UA and KS. UA patients classified at risk of developing KS using fiber tracts of the PC from DTI data also had the lowest scores of episodic memory. That finding suggests that WM microstructure could be used as a biomarker for early detection of UA patients at risk of developing KS. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2795–2808, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatio‐temporal variability of dryness/wetness in the Danube River Basin
Authors: Ionita M. , Scholz P. , Chelcea S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe present study focuses on the analysis of dryness/wetness conditions in the Danube River catchment area from 1901 to 2013 based on reanalysis data. The spatio‐temporal variability of dryness/wetness conditions is analyzed by means of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for an accumulation periods of 6 months. To characterize the spatial variability of SPI6 at monthly time scales, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was applied. The leading mode of SPI variability captures in‐phase variability of SPI over the entire catchment area of Danube River. The leading mode of dryness/wetness variability was found to be strongly related to the different phases of the Arctic Oscillation. The second and third modes of variability show a more regional character of the dryness/wetness variability over the Danube River catchment area. Based on a composite map analysis, between the time series corresponding to the first three leading modes of dryness/wetness variability and the geopotential height at 850 mb and precipitation totals, it is shown that dryness (wetness) conditions over the Danube catchment area are associated with an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation, transport of dry (humid) air towards the Danube catchment area and reduced (enhanced) number of rain days. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into Atomic Resolution of the Cross‐Seeding between Tau/Mutated Tau and Amyloid‐β in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Atsmon‐Raz Yoav , Miller Yifat 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTau and amyloid‐β (Aβ) are the primary components of amyloid plaques in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17). Cross‐seeding between Aβ and tau, or Aβ and mutated tau, is a key phenomenon observed in these neurodegenerative diseases. This review addresses the importance of investigating Aβtau and Aβmutated tau oligomeric complexes at atomic resolution. It also provides an overview of both experimental and computational studies performed on cross‐seeding between tau/mutated tau and Aβ, and addresses further directions for future studies. The cross‐seeding phenomenon could contribute to explaining, at least in part, the still unknown origins of the pathological conditions and may assist in preventing aggregation in amyloidogenic diseases with drug design and other therapeutic approaches.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between palifermin and heparin
Authors: Yang Bing‐Bing , Gillespie Brad , Smith Brian , Smith William , Lissmats Agneta , Rudebeck Mattias , Kullenberg Torbjörn , Olsson Birgitta 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOral mucositis, a severe complication during chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy, is prevented with palifermin treatment, a recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (KGF/FGF‐7). The FGF family belongs to the larger family of heparin‐binding growth factors. Because it has been shown that heparin modulates binding of KGF to the KGF receptor and subsequently affects cellular proliferation induced by the KGF mitogenic signal, it is critical to understand the drug–drug interactions between palifermin and heparin, particularly because of heparin's narrow therapeutic margin. Two studies were performed in healthy subjects to characterize the effect of palifermin on the pharmacodynamics of heparin (activated partial thromboplastin time) and evaluate the impact of heparin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (Ki67 staining of buccal mucosal tissue) of palifermin. Results demonstrated a pronounced pharmacokinetic interaction; heparin coadministration increased the palifermin AUC 4‐ to 5‐fold and decreased its half‐life by 40%–45%, suggesting an approximate 70%–80% decrease in palifermin clearance and volume of distribution. These changes in the pharmacokinetics of palifermin during coadministration of heparin, however, did not affect the pharmacodynamic effect of palifermin, or the anticoagulant activity of heparin, and did not lead to increased safety findings. Therefore, these results suggest that dose adjustments for heparin and palifermin are not warranted when administered concurrently.
Evaluation of the treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer using combined magnetic resonance vascular maps and apparent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Wu Li‐An , Chang Ruey‐Feng , Huang Chiun‐Sheng , Lu Yen‐Shen , Chen Hong‐Hao , Chen Jo‐Yu , Chang Yeun‐Chung 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the treatment response of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using magnetic resonance (MR) vascular maps and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) at 3T.Materials and Methods Thirty‐one patients with LABC who underwent breast MR studies before, after the first course, and after completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Vascular morphology was retrieved via Hessian matrix and the voxels of the vessels and volume of vessels were measured automatically. Whole tumor mean ADC values were calculated. Clinical responders were defined as >50% tumor reduction in the final MR studies. Pathologically complete responders were also recorded.ResultsThere were 21 clinical responders and 10 nonresponders. Compared to the nonresponders after the first course, the responders were characterized by more vascular reduction of the breast lesion and decreased bilateral vascular discrepancy (voxels and volume), and increments in the ADC value and ADC percentage of the lesions (all P < 0.05). There were three pathological complete responders who showed more apparent early vascular reduction of the lesion breast (voxels and volume) and increments in the ADC value than others (P = 0.02, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively).ConclusionThe early changes of MR vascular maps and ADC are associated with the final treatment response of LABC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1407–1420.
Value of MRI and MRS fat measurements to complement conventional screening methods for childhood obesity
Authors: Lange Thomas , Buechert Martin , Baumstark Manfred W. , Deibert Peter , Gerner Sarah , Rydén Henric , Seufert Jochen , Korsten‐Reck Ulrike 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo evaluate a protocol combining abdominal fat–water magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and liver single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for studies of childhood obesity.Materials and MethodsSix obese male children and five age‐matched normal‐weight controls underwent abdominal fat–water Dixon MRI based on a gradient echo sequence with multiple echo times and single voxel liver MRS at a field strength of 3T. The MRI/MRS data were compared with data previously acquired from an obese adult cohort and with anthropometric and blood parameters that are typically acquired for screening in childhood obesity.ResultsThere was a very strong correlation (r = 0.96) between the body mass index standard deviation score (BMI‐SDS) and the subcutaneous fat volume fraction in the examined children, but only a moderate correlation (r = 0.62) between the BMI‐SDS index and the intraabdominal fat volume fraction, which is much lower in the obese children (5.3 ± 1.1%) than in the obese adult cohort (19.4 ± 2.9%). Furthermore, a significant difference between the two child cohorts was observed in the intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content as obtained with MRS (P = 0.017). However, even the obese child cohort shows an IHL content that is 1–2 orders of magnitude lower (1.0 ± 0.5%) than in the obese adult cohort (17.0 ± 8.7%).ConclusionThe proposed method was successfully applied in children and may complement traditional clinical screening methods for childhood obesity such as anthropometry and laboratory tests to better characterize the obesity‐associated metabolic risk. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1214–1222.
The Relative Importance of Social and Personal Norms in Explaining Intentions to Choose Eco‐Friendly Travel Options
Authors: Doran Rouven , Larsen Svein 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChanges in current travel patterns are important in order to move towards a more sustainable future of tourism. This paper reports findings from a study (N = 762) investigating the relative importance of social and personal norms in explaining intentions to choose eco‐friendly travel options. Personal norms showed the strongest association with behavioural intentions and further mediated the link between injunctive social norms and behavioural intentions. Overall findings indicate that social and personal norms seem both related to travel choices but that a particular emphasis should be given to the role of personal norms. Further implications of these findings are discussed. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Tourism Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The corrected Uzawa method for solving saddle point problems
Authors: Ma C. F. , Zheng Q. Q. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the solution of linear systems of saddle point type by correcting the Uzawa algorithm, which has been proposed in [K. Arrow, L. Hurwicz, H. Uzawa, Studies in nonlinear programming, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 1958]. We call this method as corrected Uzawa (CU) method. The convergence of the CU method is analyzed for solving nonsingular saddle point problem as well as the semi‐convergence for the singular case. First, the corrected model for the Uzawa algorithm is established, and the CU algorithm is presented. Then we study the geometric meaning of the CU model. Moreover, we introduce the overall reduction coefficient α to measure the effect of the CU process. It is shown that the CU method converges faster than the Uzawa method and several other methods if the overall reduction coefficient α satisfies certain conditions. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical results and examine the numerical effectiveness of the CU method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sol‐Gel Microspheres Doped with Glycerol: A Structural Insight in Light of Forthcoming Applications in the Polyurethane Foam Industry
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Fidalgo Alexandra , Ilharco Laura M. , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInvited for this months cover are the groups of Professor Mario Pagliaro at the Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati in Palermo and Professor Laura Ilharco at the Instituto Superior Técnico in Lisboa. The cover picture shows a­ GreenCaps­ microcapsule breaking and releasing encapsulated glycerol after the organosilica microspheres are sprayed from a pressurized polyurethane foam can. This shows how glycerol acts as a solid curing agent, promoting crosslinking of partially polymerized diphenylmethane diisocyanate. For more details, see the Full Paper on p. 120 ff.
Percentage of free prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is a useful method in deciding to perform prostate biopsy with higher core numbers in patients with low PSA cut‐off values
Authors: Yilmaz Hasan , Ciftci Seyfettin , Yavuz Ufuk , Ustuner Murat , Saribacak Ali , Dillioglugil Ozdal 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive role of percentage of free prostate‐specific antigen (%fPSA) cut‐points in prostate cancer (PCa) detection in patients with total PSA (tPSA) levels between 2.5 ng/mL and 10.0 ng/mL. In total, 1321 consecutive initial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐guided 12‐core biopsies performed between 2005 and 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Benign pathologies, high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and atypical small acinary proliferations were categorized as noncancerous (benign), and prostate adenocarcinomas were categorized as cancerous (malignant). The patients were categorized according to: Catalona's published %fPSA categories (<10%, 10–15%, 15–20%, 20–25%, or > 25%); digital rectal examination (DRE) results [benign (negative) or suspicious of malignancy (positive)]. There was a significant relationship between the %fPSA cut‐points and detection of PCa in DRE‐negative patients. The presence of a 10% cut‐point increased the probability of PCa threefold. The %fPSA was significantly more related to PCa than the tPSA value in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses (p = 0.001). Based on our findings, a lower %fPSA, especially <10%, is an important parameter when deciding whether to perform a biopsy on patients with a tPSA between 2.5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL.
Naming and Shaming: Trial by Media in Nineteenth-Century Scotland
Authors: Barrie David G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between shame and police court media trial reports. It explores the social and cultural mores that underpinned the construction of shaming practices in trial coverage and assesses the ways in which the media functioned as a judicial and extrajudicial shaming resource. Far from disappearing with changing sensibilities, as has been argued elsewhere, premodern religious and judicial shaming methods shifted into areas of modernity, being relayed, supported, and influenced by new forms of modern print culture. The media, this article contends, served as an extension of the disciplinary apparatus, with editors applying their own assumptions about the guilt of the accused regardless of judicial verdicts and in line with their own notion of “common-sense” lay justice. The use of shame, though, was discriminatory—mirroring, and even helping to define, middle-class notions of shameful behavior and masculine and feminine conduct—which would, crucially, expose the social and cultural confines of media censure.
Intermediary Elites in the Treaty Port World: Tong Mow-chee and His Collaborators in Shanghai, 1873–1897
Authors: ABE KAORI 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article examines the functions of Chinese and foreign intermediary elites in the commercial and political world of Shanghai, an international city in the nineteenth century mainly consisting of British, American, European and Chinese residents. Specifically, it focuses on the formation of the socio-economic network of Tong Mow-chee (Tang Maozhi 唐茂枝) (1828–1897), a well-known Chinese comprador-merchant serving the British firm Jardine Matheson & Co. and other anglophone and Chinese figures, including William Venn Drummond and Tong King-sing who supported Mow-chee's commercial and political activities. My research mainly draws on English and Chinese sources and enables a deeper understanding of the unofficial figures who contributed to the management of the international society of Shanghai in the late nineteenth century, offering new insight into social roles of the middlemen operating in an area of Britain's informal empire in China.
Non-invasive Differentiation of Kidney Stone Types using X-ray Dark-Field Radiography
Authors: Scherer Kai , Braig Eva , Willer Konstantin , Willner Marian , Fingerle Alexander A. , Chabior Michael , Herzen Julia , Eiber Matthias , Haller Bernhard , Straub Michael , Schneider Heike , Rummeny Ernst J. , Noël Peter B. , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTreatment of renal calculi is highly dependent on the chemical composition of the stone in question, which is difficult to determine using standard imaging techniques. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of scatter-sensitive X-ray dark-field radiography to differentiate between the most common types of kidney stones in clinical practice. Here, we examine the absorption-to-scattering ratio of 118 extracted kidney stones with a laboratory Talbot-Lau Interferometer. Depending on their chemical composition, microscopic growth structure and morphology the various types of kidney stones show strongly varying, partially opposite contrasts in absorption and dark-field imaging. By assessing the microscopic calculi morphology with high resolution micro-computed tomography measurements, we illustrate the dependence of dark-field signal strength on the respective stone type. Finally, we utilize X-ray dark-field radiography as a non-invasive, highly sensitive (100%) and specific (97%) tool for the differentiation of calcium oxalate, uric acid and mixed types of stones, while additionally improving the detectability of radio-lucent calculi. We prove clinical feasibility of the here proposed method by accurately classifying renal stones, embedded within a fresh pig kidney, using dose-compatible measurements and a quick and simple visual inspection.
High-order localized spoof surface plasmon resonances and experimental verifications
Authors: Liao Zhen , Luo Yu , Fernández-Domínguez Antonio I. , Shen Xiaopeng , Maier Stefan A. , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe theoretically demonstrated and experimentally verified high-order radial spoof localized surface plasmon resonances supported by textured metal particles. Through an effective medium theory and exact numerical simulations, we show the emergence of these geometrically-originated electromagnetic modes at microwave frequencies. The occurrence of high-order radial spoof plasmon resonances is experimentally verified in ultrathin disks. Their spectral and near-field properties are characterized experimentally, showing an excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Our findings shed light into the nature of spoof localized surface plasmons and open the way to the design of broadband plasmonic devices able to operate at very different frequency regimes.
Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Long-Term Cryopreserved Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells
Authors: Yong Kar Wey , Pingguan-Murphy Belinda , Xu Feng , Abas Wan Abu Bakar Wan , Choi Jane Ru , Omar Siti Zawiah , Azmi Mat Adenan Noor , Chua Kien Hui , Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman Wan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCryopreservation represents an effective technique to maintain the functional properties of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and allows pooling of cells via long-term storage for clinical applications, e.g., cell-based therapies. It is crucial to reduce freezing injury during the cryopreservation process by loading the ASCs with the optimum concentration of suitable cryoprotective agents (CPAs). In this study, human ASCs were preserved for 3 months in different combinations of CPAs, including 1) 0.25 M trehalose; 2) 5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); 3) 10% DMSO; 4) 5% DMSO + 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS); 5) 10% DMSO + 20% FBS; 6) 10% DMSO + 90% FBS. Interestingly, even with a reduction of DMSO to 5% and without FBS, cryopreserved ASCs maintained high cell viability comparable with standard cryomedium (10% DMSO + 90% FBS), with normal cell phenotype and proliferation rate. Cryopreserved ASCs also maintained their differentiation capability (e.g., to adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes) and showed an enhanced expression level of stemness markers (e.g., NANOG, OCT-4, SOX-2 and REX-1). Our findings suggest that 5% DMSO without FBS may be an ideal CPA for an efficient long-term cryopreservation of human ASCs. These results aid in establishing standardized xeno-free long-term cryopreservation of human ASCs for clinical applications.
Appleby-Operation bei ausgedehntem Pankreaskorpus- und -schwanztumor – Video eines Falles
Authors: Grützmann R. , Distler M. , Weitz J. 
Published: April 2015

Einleitung: Patienten mit einem lokal fortgeschrittenen Pankreaskarzinom und arterieller Infiltration des Truncus coeliacus werden häufig als irresektabel und damit als palliativ eingestuft. Für eine hochselektierte Patientengruppe kann eine R0-Resektion eines Pankreaskarzinoms mit Resektion des Truncus coeliacus ohne arterielle Rekonstruktion einen Überlebensvorteil bedeuten. Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Durchführung dieser komplexen Operationen ist eine entsprechende Expertise des Operateurs, des gesamten chirurgischen und anästhesiologischen Teams sowie eine entsprechende Infrastruktur der Klinik. Ausschlusskriterien sind extrapankreatische Tumormanifestationen vor allem beim duktalen Pankreaskarzinom und ein klinisch nicht ausreichender Zustand des Patienten. Lokal sollten zentral eine Infiltration der Aorta, der A. mesenterica superior und der A. gastroduodenalis sowie der A. hepatica propria ausgeschlossen sein, um technisch die Durchführung der Resektion sowie die Perfusion der Leber nach der Resektion über die A. gastroduodenalis zu gewährleisten. In diesem Film wird das Prinzip der Appleby-Operation anhand eines Fallbeispiels dargestellt. Indikation: Lokal fortgeschrittenes neuroendokrines Pankreaskarzinom mit arterieller Infiltration des Truncus coeliacus ohne Hinweis auf Fernmetastasierung und ohne Hinweis auf Infiltration der Aorta oder der A. mesenterica superior, ggf. nach neoadjuvanter Therapie. Operation: Pankreaskorpus- und -schwanzresektion mit Resektion des Truncus coeliacus, Splenektomie, Resektion der linken Nebenniere, subtotaler Gastrektomie und Übernähung des Pankreaskopfs und Pfortaderresektion. Rekonstruktion als Gastrojejunostomie nach Roux-Y und Duodenojejunostomie mit End-zu-End-Anastomose der Pfortader. Schlussfolgerung: Bei entsprechender Erfahrung ist die Appleby-Operation eine technisch anspruchsvolle Operation ohne arterielle Anastomose beim Pankreaskarzinom. Diese Operation kann für ausgewählte Patienten einen Vorteil gegenüber der palliativen Therapie darstellen.