bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Properties and van der Waals–London Dispersion Interactions in Berlinite Aluminum Phosphate from Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Authors: Dryden Daniel M. , Tan Guolong L. , French Roger H. 
Published: December 2013

The interband optical properties of single‐crystal berlinite AlPO4 have been investigated in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range using VUV spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The complex optical properties were directly determined from 0.8 to 45 eV. Band gap energies, index of refraction and complex dielectric functions, oscillator index sum rule, and energy loss functions were calculated through Kramers–Kronig transformation. Direct and indirect band gap energies of AlPO4 over the absorption coefficient range of 33–11 000 cm−1 are 8.06 and 7.89 eV, respectively. The index of refraction at 2 eV, nvis, is 1.51. The interband transition features at 10.4, 11.4, 14.2, 16.2, 17.3, 21, 22.5, 24.5, and 31 eV were indexed and correlated with the electronic structure of AlPO4. Strong similarities were observed between AlPO4 and its structural isomorph SiO2 in the exciton and interband transitions, resulting from the similarity of their constituent tetrahedra and the strong electron localization therein. The London dispersion spectrum for AlPO4 was calculated, and the Hamaker coefficients for AlPO4 with various interlayers were calculated using the Lifshitz method. These results elucidate the role of phosphate complex anions on the electronic structure and van der Waals forces in important organic and inorganic systems.
Structural/Optical Properties and CO Oxidation Activities of SnO2 Nanostructures
Authors: Sohn Youngku 
Published: December 2013

Tetragonal SnO2 nanostructures with different sizes, band gaps, and defects were synthesized by varying the amounts of ammonia and polyethylene glycol (PEG) used during production and their structural and optical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography, BET surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence imaging, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the CO oxidation activity was examined by temperature‐programmed reduction and temperature‐programmed CO oxidation measurements. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that the particle size decreased with increasing PEG, but increased with increasing ammonia. Additionally, the band gaps decreased with increasing ammonia, but not with increasing PEG. Tetragonal SnO formed when larger amounts of ammonia were used, and this was converted to SnO2 upon annealing at temperatures up to 700°C. The SnO2 showed a unique strong green emission at 560 nm, which was attributed to a new oxygen deficiency. In addition, a sharp (328 nm) and two broad (390 and 460 nm) photoluminescence peaks corresponding to gap emission and the oxygen vacancies, respectively, were observed. The difference in CO oxidation activity with SnO2 was attributed to varying sizes and defects formed in response to preparation under different reaction conditions.
Luminescence and Quantum Efficiencies of Eu3+‐Doped Vanadate Garnets
Authors: Xie Hongde , Tsuboi Taiju , Huang Wei , Huang Yanlin , Qin Lin , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: December 2013

Nondoped and 5.0 mol% Eu3+‐doped vanadate garnets Ca5Mg4(VO4)6, NaCa2Mg2[VO4]3, KCa2Mg2[VO4]3, and NaSr2Mg2[VO4]3 were synthesized by solid‐state reactions. The formation of single‐phase compound with garnet structure is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra are investigated together with color coordinates. The luminescence process is discussed on the charge‐transfer transitions in [VO4]3− ions and the crystal structure. The PL quantum efficiencies (QE) are measured for nondoped and Eu3+‐doped samples. The Eu3+‐doped samples have higher QEs than the corresponding nondoped ones although the energy transfer occurs from [VO4]3− to Eu3+. Broad emission band due to [VO4]3− with intense sharp lines due to Eu3+, which gives white color, is observed in Eu3+‐doped NaCa2Mg2[VO4]3 and NaSr2Mg2[VO4]3 under excitation with UV light. These materials are suggested to be useful for lighting under the excitation with near‐UV LED.
Intense Red Photoluminescence Emission of Sol–Gel‐Derived Nanocrystalline Mg2TiO4 Thin Films
Authors: Ho Yi‐Da , Su Chia‐Hui , Huang Cheng‐Liang 
Published: December 2013

In this work, undoped Mg2TiO4 thin films were fabricated on p‐type Si(111) substrates by the sol–gel method, and the red photoluminescence (PL) of the films is introduced and discussed. According to the experimental results, the red emission appears when the films have been thermally treated at higher temperatures, which have a long range and well‐organized crystalline arrangement. Furthermore, to have better realization of the red emission mechanism of Mg2TiO4 films, the optical band gap of Mg2TiO4 (EgMg2TiO4) was estimated at ~3.7 eV; furthermore, 325 nm (corresponding energy, hν = 3.82 eV > EgMg2TiO4) and 633 nm (corresponding energy, hν = 1.96 eV < EgMg2TiO4) excited light sources were used to clarify the position of the defect levels. In addition, the influence of annealing atmospheres (O2, air, and vacuum) on the red emission of our samples is also discussed. A significant variety of red emissions can be found between these annealing conditions: the red emission can be effectively enhanced by O2 annealing, but weakened by vacuum annealing. Results reveal that the red emission of Mg2TiO4 thin films may be highly dependent on the completeness of the O–X–O (X = Mg, Ti) bonds.
Photoluminescence of Ag Nanoparticles and Tm3+ Ions in the Bismuth Germanate Glasses for the Blue Light‐Excited W‐LED
Authors: Qi Jiani , Xu Yinsheng , Huang Fei , Chen Liyan , Han Ying , Xue Bing , Zhang Shaoqian , Xu Tiefeng , Dai Shixun 
Published: December 2013

Materials containing rare‐earth ions and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied due to prior demonstration of increase in their luminescence properties. Here, Tm3+ ions‐doped bismuth germanate glasses were synthesized by a chemical reduction method based on the conventional melting‐quenching technique. The Ag NPs were facilely precipitated in the glass matrix by the chemical reduction method during the annealing process. TEM image shows that the Ag NPs are closely dispersed in the glass matrix. The luminescence properties and energy‐transfer mechanism were systematically investigated by means of absorption, emission, and excitation spectra. Significant enhancements of Tm3+ ions emission and a broad emission band centered at 568 nm caused by Ag NPs are observed upon 474‐nm excitation. Our research may illustrate the interactions between Tm3+ ions and Ag NPs and provide a simplified way to synthesize the high‐efficiency luminescent materials for the blue light‐excited W‐LEDs.
New graduate separations from New Zealand's nursing workforce in the first 5 years after registration: a retrospective cohort analysis of a national administrative data set 2005–2010
Authors: North Nicola , Leung William , Lee Rochelle 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo describe workforce separation rates and its relationship with demographic and work characteristics in the 2005 new graduate cohort's first 5 years as practising RNs in NZ.BackgroundRetaining new graduate RNs is critical to nursing workforce sustainability; one study showed that if an RN is still employed in a hospital setting 5 years after graduation, he/she tends to remain active in the health industry.DesignRetrospective analysis using the Nursing Council of New Zealand's registration data set for years 2005–2010.MethodsAll newly registered NZ graduates practising in NZ in 2005 (n = 1236) were tracked for 5 years.ResultsWithin 5 years of graduation, 26% of the cohort had separated from the NZ nursing workforce, 18% in the first year. The under‐25s (n = 517), 42% of the cohort, had the highest loss, 32%, in 5 years. Separations were significantly lower for graduates in their 30s vs. their 20s and for those who gained postgraduate tertiary qualifications post‐registration (10%) vs. those who did not (29%). Hospitals were the most frequent employment setting over 5 years, the largest increase being community settings. Five‐year retention rates in the four largest practice areas were surgical 26%, medical 16%, mental health 60% and continuing care 10%. After 5 years, 24% of those still practising (n = 920) worked in a different health board region.ConclusionsNew graduate RN losses were higher than in previous research, with younger RNs at most risk, threatening future sustainability of the nursing workforce and highlighting the need for evidence‐based targeted strategies to retain them.
Establishment of a new cell line from the heart of giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and its application in toxicology and virus susceptibility
Authors: Guo C Y , Huang Y H , Wei S N , Ouyang Z L , Yan Y , Huang X H , Qin Q W 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA new marine fish cell line, derived from the heart of giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), was established and characterized. The cell line was designated as ELGH and subcultured with more than 60 passages. The ELGH cells were mainly composed of fibroblast‐like cells and multiplied well in Leibovitz's L‐15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) at 28 °C. Chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48. The fluorescent signals were detected in ELGH when transfected with green fluorescent protein reporter plasmids. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the extracellular products (ECPs) from Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio alginolyticus E333 on ELGH cells was 60.02 and 12.49 μg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, the ELGH cells showed susceptibility to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), but not to soft‐shelled turtle iridovirus (STIV), red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), which was demonstrated by the presence of a severe cytopathic effect (CPE) and increased viral titres. In addition, electron microscopy observation showed that abundant virus particles were present in the infected cells. Taken together, our data above provided the potential utility of ELGH cells for transgenic and genetic manipulation, as well as cytotoxicity testing and virus pathogenesis.
Production of metaluminous melt during fluid‐present anatexis: an example from the Maghrebian basement, La Galite Archipelago, central Mediterranean
Authors: Ferrero S. , Braga R. , Berkesi M. , Cesare B. , Laridhi Ouazaa N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGarnet brought to the surface by late Miocene granitoids at La Galite Archipelago (Central Mediterranean, Tunisia) contains abundant primary melt and fluid inclusions. Microstructural observations and mineral chemistry define the host garnet as a peritectic phase produced by biotite incongruent melting at ~800 °C and 0.5 GPa, under fluid‐present conditions. The trapped melt is leucogranitic with an unexpected metaluminous and almost peralkaline character. Fluid inclusions are one phase at room temperature, and contain aCO2‐dominated fluid, with minor H2O, N2andCH4. Siderite and anOH‐bearing phase were identified by Raman andIRspectroscopy within every analysed inclusion, and are interpreted as products of a post‐entrapment carbonation/hydration reaction between the fluid and the host during cooling. The fluid present during anatexis is therefore inferred to have been originally richer in both H2O andCO2. The production of anatectic melt with a metaluminous signature can be explained as the result of partial melting of relatively Al‐poor protoliths assisted byCO2‐rich fluids.
Thermobarometric constraints on pressure variations across the Plattengneiss shear zone of the Eastern Alps: implications for exhumation models during Eoalpine subduction
Authors: Eberlei T. , Johnson T. E. , White R. W. , Roffeis C. , Stüwe K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractForward and inverse mineral equilibria modelling of metapelitic rocks in the hangingwall and footwall of the Plattengneiss, a major shear zone in the Eastern Alps, is used to constrain their tectonometamorphic evolution and assess models for their exhumation. Forward (pseudosection) modelling of two metapelitic rocks suggests a steep clockwise P–T path with a near‐isothermal decompression segment from a pressure peak at ~18–19 kbar and 670 °C to the metamorphic peak at 680–720 °C and 11–13 kbar. A subsequent decrease to 600–645 °C and 8–9 kbar is inferred from the late growth of staurolite in some samples. Conventional thermobarometric calculations (inverse modelling) on 18 samples with the inferred peak assemblage garnet + plagioclase + muscovite + biotite + quartz + rutile ± ilmenite ± kyanite are associated with large 2σ uncertainties, and absolute pressures calculated for all samples are statistically indistinguishable. However, calculations constraining relative pressure differences (ΔP) between samples sharing a common mineral assemblage are associated with much smaller uncertainties and yield pressure differences that are statistically meaningful. Although the overall pattern is complicated, the results suggest a pressure gradient of up to 3 kbar across the shear zone that is consistent with volume loss and a model of exhumation related to slab extraction for the Plattengneiss shear zone.
Botulinum protease‐cleaved SNARE fragments induce cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Arsenault Jason , Cuijpers Sabine A. G. , Ferrari Enrico , Niranjan Dhevahi , Rust Aleksander , Leese Charlotte , O'Brien John A. , Binz Thomas , Davletov Bazbek 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSoluble N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are crucial for exocytosis, trafficking, and neurite outgrowth, where vesicular SNAREs are directed toward their partner target SNAREs: synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa and syntaxin. SNARE proteins are normally membrane bound, but can be cleaved and released by botulinum neurotoxins. We found that botulinum proteases types C and D can easily be transduced into endocrine cells using DNA‐transfection reagents. Following administration of the C and D proteases into normally refractory Neuro2A neuroblastoma cells, the SNARE proteins were cleaved with high efficiency within hours. Remarkably, botulinum protease exposures led to cytotoxicity evidenced by spectrophotometric assays and propidium iodide penetration into the nuclei. Direct delivery of SNARE fragments into the neuroblastoma cells reduced viability similar to botulinum proteases' application. We observed synergistic cytotoxic effects of the botulinum proteases, which may be explained by the release and interaction of soluble SNARE fragments. We show for the first time that previously observed cytotoxicity of botulinum neurotoxins/C in neurons could be achieved in cells of neuroendocrine origin with implications for medical uses of botulinum preparations.
imageTernary complex formation by synaptobrevin (green) and syntaxin/synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa (red) is necessary for vesicle fusion, membrane trafficking, and cell homeostasis. Botulinum proteases cleave the three SNAREs proteins as indicated, resulting in a loss of cell viability. Lipofection reagents were used to deliver botulinum proteases or short SNARE peptides into neuroblastoma cells, revealing cytotoxic effects of SNARE fragments.
How virtual admission affects coping – telemedicine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Emme Christina , Rydahl‐Hansen Susan , Østergaard Birte , Schou Lone , Svarre Jakobsen Anna , Phanareth Klaus 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe what characterises chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' coping of physical, emotional and social problems before, during and after virtual admission, in interaction with health professionals and relatives.BackgroundTelemedicine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is gaining ground. However, virtual admission using telemedicine in the patients' home as a replacement of hospital admission has received little attention. Furthermore, little is known about how telemedicine affects chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' coping.DesignGrounded Theory study using semi‐structured interviews.MethodsThe study was a part of The Virtual Hospital study, exploring virtual admission for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During virtual admission, patients had access to medical equipment consisting of monitoring devices, medication, nebuliser and a touch screen with built‐in videoconference system.Nine participants were interviewed after virtual admission. Open coding, axial coding and selective coding, using constant comparative analysis, were conducted.ResultsA substantive Grounded Theory was developed, containing the core category – struggling to be in control of life with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – related to four categories: complete powerlessness, dependency, pursuit of regaining autonomy and efforts to remain in control of problems related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Virtual admission supported participants' autonomy. The involvement of health professionals was reduced as participants used the medical equipment to cope with disease‐related problems. Participants' coping was closely linked to the presence of the equipment, making it difficult for them to apply their experiences after discharge from virtual admission.ConclusionsVirtual admission may support chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' coping of physical and emotional problems. However, coping experiences made during virtual admission may not be directly applicable outside a telemedical setting.Relevance to clinical practiceTelemedicine may result in different roles for patients, relatives and health professionals. Clinicians should consider how they can support chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' coping during telemedical interventions, focusing on how to ensure a sustained improvement that patients can benefit from outside the telemedical setting.
Dealing with aggressive behaviour in nursing homes: caregivers’ use of recommended measures
Authors: Zeller Adelheid , Müller Marianne , Needham Ian , Dassen Theo , Kok Gerjo , Halfens Ruud J G 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo identify groups of caregivers in terms of their use of measures for dealing with resident aggression and the differences between these groups related to their characteristics.BackgroundCaregivers in nursing home are confronted with a major challenge when faced with the aggressive behaviour of residents. Therefore, the application of recommended measures is important in supporting caregivers and promoting safety for residents.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsA total of 804 caregivers working in 21 Swiss nursing homes provided data. The questionnaire used was based on published recommendations regarding management of aggressive behaviour and amendments by experts.ResultsThe most widely used measure aimed to calm down the resident and to understand the meaning of aggressive behaviour. Physical activities were applied by around 50% of the respondents, and interdisciplinary case reviews as well as standardised instruments for assessment and documentation were used by <50%. Caregiver characteristics such as employment level, support from superiors, institutionalised support for affected caregivers and training in aggression management are associated with their use of recommended measures. Furthermore, caregivers’ competence in empathising with the residents’ perspective in connection with their professional experience has a positive influence on applying recommended measures.ConclusionCaregivers use multifaceted measures in understanding the meaning of underlying aggression, but there is a certain failure to use standardised instruments. Caregivers differ significantly in the frequency of their application of recommended measures. Support from superiors and assistance for affected caregivers positively influence their use of measures, whereas training in aggression management leads to less use.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings show the importance of support from superiors and institutionalised assistance for affected caregivers. Caregiver competence in empathising with the residents’ perspective is important in using person‐centred approaches in the care of residents with aggressive behaviour.
Comfort vs risk: a grounded theory about female adolescent behaviour in the sun
Authors: Norton Elizabeth , Holloway Immy , Galvin Kathleen 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo generate a grounded theory about female adolescent behaviour in the sun.BackgroundNurses have key roles in health promotion and skin cancer prevention. Adolescents' resistance to sun safety messages and their vulnerability to sunburn are of concern internationally. Understanding why young women do as they do in the sun may enhance skin cancer prevention, but their behaviour has not been explained before in the UK.DesignThe study incorporated a qualitative grounded theory design using the approach of Glaser.MethodsQualitative data were gleaned from group and one‐to‐one, semi‐structured interviews with 20 female participants aged 14–17, research memos and literature. Sampling was purposive and theoretical. Data collection, analysis and theory generation occurred concurrently. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Data collection ended when a substantive theory had been generated.ResultsData analysis revealed five categories of findings: fitting in, being myself, being physically comfortable, slipping up and being comfortable (the core category). The theory generated around the core explains how young women direct their sun‐related activities towards meeting their physical and psychosocial comfort needs.ConclusionsA contribution of this research is the grounded theory explaining the behaviour of young women in the sun. Further, the theory challenges assumptions that female adolescents necessarily take risks; it explains their sun‐related activities in terms of comfort. The theory extends findings from other researchers' descriptive qualitative studies and also appears to apply to young people in countries other than the UK.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the sun‐related activity of young women in terms of physical and psychosocial comfort may help nurses to develop new approaches to skin cancer prevention. These could complement existing messages and humanise health promotion.