bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting‐state glutamatergic neurotransmission is related to the peak latency of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) for duration deviants: An 1H‐MRS‐EEG study
Authors: Kompus Kristiina , Westerhausen René , Craven Alex R. , Kreegipuu Kairi , Põldver Nele , Passow Susanne , Specht Karsten , Hugdahl Kenneth , Näätänen Risto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMismatch negativity (MMN), an ERP elicited by a deviant stimulus in a train of standard stimuli, has been suggested to be associated to glutamatergic neurotransmission, mediated by glutamatergic NMDA receptors. In this study, we examined the relationship between interindividual variation of 1H‐MRS‐measured glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in the superior temporal gyrus and MMN for duration and frequency deviants in 19 healthy young adults (9 male). We found a significant relationship between the peak latency of the duration‐MMN peak and creatine‐scaled Glx (p = .0003, η2 = .43), with increased Glx level being associated to earlier peak of the duration‐MMN (r = −.63). In contrast, the amplitude of the duration‐MMN was not related to Glx. There was no significant relationship between Glx and the frequency‐MMN. The present study is the first to demonstrate that interindividual variation in the glutamatergic neurotransmission affects the MMN response in healthy individuals.
Experimental Analysis of the Errors due to Polynomial Interpolation in Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Baldi A. , Bertolino F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDigital image correlation attempts to estimate displacement fields by digitally correlating two images acquired before and after motion. To do so, pixel intensity has to be interpolated at non‐integer locations. The ideal interpolator is the sinc, but as it requires infinite support, it is not normally used and is replaced by polynomials. Polynomial interpolation produces visually appealing results but introduces positional errors in the signal, thus causing the digital image correlation algorithms to converge to incorrect results. In this work, an experimental campaign is described, that aims to characterise the errors introduced by interpolation, focusing in particular on the systematic error and the standard deviation of displacements.
Functional outcome of prolonged refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Lai Alexandre , Outin Hervé D , Jabot Julien , Mégarbane Bruno , Gaudry Stéphane , Coudroy Rémi , Louis Guillaume , Schneider Francis , Barbarot Nicolas , Roch Antoine , Lerolle Nicolas , Luis David , Fourrier François , Renault Anne , Argaud Laurent , Sharshar Tarek , Gibot Sébastien , Bollaert Pierre-Edouard 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
To characterize etiology, clinical course and outcomes of patients in prolonged refractory status epilepticus (PRSE) and looking for prognostic factors.

Methods
Retrospective study conducted in patients hospitalized from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2011 in 19 polyvalent intensive care units in French university and general hospitals. Patients were adults with a generalized convulsive refractory status epilepticus that lasted more than seven days, despite treatment including an anesthetic drug and mechanical ventilation. Patients with anoxic encephalopathy were excluded. Follow-up phone call was used to determine functional outcome using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) with mRS 0–3 defining good and mRS 4–6 poor outcome.

Results
78 patients (35 female) were included. Median age was 57 years. Causes of status epilepticus were various, mainly including prior epilepsy (14.1%), CNS infection (12.8%), and stroke (12.8%). No etiology was found in 27 (34.6%) patients. PRSE was considered controlled in only 53 (67.9%) patients after a median duration of 17 (IQR 12–26) days. The median length of ICU stay was 28 (19–48) days. Forty-one (52.5%) patients died in the ICU, 26 from multiple organ failure, 8 from care withdrawal, 2 from sudden cardiac arrest, 1 from brain death and 4 from unknown causes. PRSE was previously resolved in 20 patients who died in the ICU. At one-year follow-up, there were 12 patients with good outcome and 58 with poor outcome and 8 lost of follow-up. On multivariate analysis, only vasopressor use was a predictor of poor outcome (OR 6.54; 95%CI 1.09-39.29; p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Poor outcome was observed in about 80% of this population of PRSE. Most patients died from systemic complications linked to their ICU stay. Some patients can recover satisfactorily over time though we did not identify any robust factor of good outcome.
Kallistatin treatment attenuates lethality and organ injury in mouse models of established sepsis
Authors: Li Pengfei , Guo Youming , Bledsoe Grant , Yang Zhi-Rong , Fan Hongkuan , Chao Lee , Chao Julie 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Kallistatin levels in the circulation are reduced in patients with sepsis and liver disease. Transgenic mice expressing kallistatin are resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality. Here, we investigated the effect of kallistatin on survival and organ damage in mouse models of established sepsis.

Methods
Mice were rendered septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or endotoxemic by LPS injection. Recombinant human kallistatin was administered intravenously six hours after CLP, or intraperitoneally four hours after LPS challenge. The effect of kallistatin treatment on organ damage was examined one day after sepsis initiation, and mouse survival was monitored for four to six days.

Results
Human kallistatin was detected in mouse serum of kallistatin-treated mice. Kallistatin significantly reduced CLP-induced renal injury as well as blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels. In the lung, kallistatin decreased malondialdehyde levels and HMGB1 and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) synthesis, but increased suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) expression. Moreover, kallistatin attenuated liver injury, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis. Furthermore, delayed kallistatin administration improved survival in CLP mice by 38%, and LPS-treated mice by 42%. In LPS-induced endotoxemic mice, kallistatin attenuated kidney damage in association with reduced serum creatinine, IL-6 and HMGB1 levels, and increased renal SOCS3 expression. Kallistatin also decreased liver injury in conjunction with diminished serum ALT levels and hepatic TNF-α and TLR4 expression. In cultured macrophages, kallistatin through its active site increased SOCS3 expression, but this effect was blocked by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), indicating that kallistatin stimulates a tyrosine-kinase-protein kinase C-ERK signaling pathway.

Conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate that delayed human kallistatin administration is effective in attenuating multi-organ injury, inflammation and mortality in mouse models of polymicrobial infection and endotoxemia. Thus, kallistatin therapy may provide a promising approach for the treatment of sepsis in humans.
Mutation signatures implicate aristolochic acid in bladder cancer development
Authors: Poon Song Ling , Huang Mi Ni , Choo Yang , McPherson John R , Yu Willie , Heng Hong Lee , Gan Anna , Myint Swe Swe , Siew Ee Yan , Ler Lian Dee , Ng Lay Guat , Weng Wen-Hui , Chuang Cheng-Keng , Yuen John SP , Pang See-Tong , Tan Patrick , Teh Bin Tean , Rozen Steven G 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a natural compound found in many plants of the Aristolochia genus, and these plants are widely used in traditional medicines for numerous conditions and for weight loss. Previous work has connected AA-mutagenesis to upper-tract urothelial cell carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas. We hypothesize that AA may also contribute to bladder cancer.

Methods
Here, we investigated the involvement of AA-mutagenesis in bladder cancer by sequencing bladder tumor genomes from two patients with known exposure to AA. After detecting strong mutational signatures of AA exposure in these tumors, we exome-sequenced and analyzed an additional 11 bladder tumors and analyzed publicly available somatic mutation data from a further 336 bladder tumors.

Results
The somatic mutations in the bladder tumors from the two patients with known AA exposure showed overwhelming AA signatures. We also detected evidence of AA exposure in 1 out of 11 bladder tumors from Singapore and in 3 out of 99 bladder tumors from China. In addition, 1 out of 194 bladder tumors from North America showed a pattern of mutations that might have resulted from exposure to an unknown mutagen with a heretofore undescribed pattern of A > T mutations. Besides the signature of AA exposure, the bladder tumors also showed the CpG > TpG and activated-APOBEC signatures, which have been previously reported in bladder cancer.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the utility of inferring mutagenic exposures from somatic mutation spectra. Moreover, AA exposure in bladder cancer appears to be more pervasive in the East, where traditional herbal medicine is more widely used. More broadly, our results suggest that AA exposure is more extensive than previously thought both in terms of populations at risk and in terms of types of cancers involved. This appears to be an important public health issue that should be addressed by further investigation and by primary prevention through regulation and education. In addition to opportunities for primary prevention, knowledge of AA exposure would provide opportunities for secondary prevention in the form of intensified screening of patients with known or suspected AA exposure.
Comparison and evaluation of lupus nephritis response criteria in lupus activity indices and clinical trials
Authors: Corapi Kristin M , Dooley Mary Anne , Pendergraft William F 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations. Although the approval of new therapies includes only one agent in 50 years, a number of promising new drugs are in development. Lupus nephritis is a dreaded complication of SLE as it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Advancing the treatment of lupus nephritis requires well-designed clinical trials and this can be challenging in SLE. The major obstacles involve identifying the correct population of patients to enroll and ensuring that a clinically appropriate and patient-centered endpoint is being measured. In this review, we will first discuss the clinical utility of endpoints chosen to represent lupus nephritis in global disease activity scales. Second, we will review completed and active trials focused on lupus nephritis and discuss the endpoints chosen. There are many important lessons to be learned from existing assessment tools and clinical trials. Reviewing these points will help ensure that future efforts will yield meaningful disease activity measures and well-designed clinical trials to advance our understanding of lupus management.
Validated predictive computational methods for surface charge in heterogeneous functional materials: HeteroFoaM™
Authors: Reifsnider Kenneth L , Cacuci Dan G , Baker Jeffrey , Adkins Jon Michael , Rabbi Fazle 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Essentially all heterogeneous materials are dielectric, i.e., they are imperfect conductors that generally display internal charge displacements that create dissipation and local charge accumulation at interfaces. Over the last few years, the authors have focused on the development of an understanding of such behaviour in heterogeneous functional materials for energy conversion and storage, called HeteroFoaM (www.HeteroFoaM.com). Using paradigm problems, this work will indicate major directions for developing generally applicable methods for the multiphysics, multi-scale design of heterogeneous functional materials.

Methods
The present paper outlines the foundation for developing validated predictive computational methods that can be used in the design of multi-phase heterogeneous functional materials, or HeteroFoaM, as a genre of materials. Such methods will be capable of designing not only the constituent materials and their interactions, but also the morphology of the shape, size, surfaces and interfaces that define the heterogeneity and the resulting functional response of the material system.

Results
Relationships to applications which drive this development are identified. A paradigm problem based on dielectric response is formulated and discussed in context.

Conclusions
We report an approach that defines a methodology for designing not only the constituent material properties and their interactions in a heterogeneous dielectric material system, but also the morphology of the shape, size, surface, and interfaces that defines the heterogeneity and the resulting functional response of that system.
Beneficial Effect of Pentoxifylline on Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO)*: a pilot study
Authors: Balazs Cs. , Kiss E. , Vamos A. , Molnar I. , Farid N.R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We have previously found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) inhibited cytokine induced HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by retroorbital fibroblasts. We have now tested the clinical efficacy of Ptx in treating TAO. Ten patients with moderately severe ophthalmopathy were selected for study. All patients were euthyroid before and during the 12 weeks of the Ptx therapy. Serum GAG, TNF-alpha, anti-TSH-receptor, anti-eye muscle, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were determined sequentially. At the end of 12 weeks eight of the ten patients showed improvement in soft tissue but not in proptosis or extraocular muscle involvement. At baseline the levels of GAG (5.2±0.92 mg/dl v.s. 0.7±0.14 mg/dl, p&lt;0.001) and TNF-alpha (33.6±6.6 pg/ml v.s. 5.4±1.3 pg/ml, p&lt;0.001) were increased in patients compared to controls. They gradually decreased in the eight patients who responded to Ptx: after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of therapy serum GAG was 3.4±0.42 mg/dl, 2.5±0.77 mg/dl (p&lt;0.01) and 1.1±0.2 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001), respectively and serum TNF-alpha was 20.9±4.8 pg/ml, 14.9±2.2 pg/ml (p&lt;0.05) and9.7±1.8 pg/ml (p&lt;0.01), respectively. Serum GAG and TNF alpha did not fall in the two patients who did not respond. The titre of anti-eye muscle antibodies but not anti-thyroid antibodies were lower at 12 weeks. Ptx has a beneficial effect on inflammatory symptoms of TAO and associated laboratory parameters in the majority of patients.
Synthesis of 2,3-Benzodiazepines and 2,3-Benzodiazepin-4-ones from Arynes and β-Diketones
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Tanabe Yukiko , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
2,3-Benzodiazepines were synthesized by two-step or one-pot reactions from aryne precursors. Reaction of 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates with β-diketones in the presence of CsF gave ortho-substituted benzophenones. Treatment of benzophenones with hydrazine hydrate resulted in the formation of 2,3-benzodiazepines in moderate yields. Tofisopam, a well known anxiolytic, could be synthesized via C–C bond insertion of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyne with 2-ethyl-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butane-1,3-dione, followed by the reaction with hydrazine hydrate in one-pot operation. 2,3-Benzodiazepin-4-ones were also synthesized by the reaction of β-keto esters with triflates in the presence of CsF, followed by the addition of hydrazine hydrate. Substituted isoquinolines were synthesized by the reaction of ortho-substituted benzophenones with ammonium hydroxide.
Comparison of oesophageal, rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in anaesthetised client-owned cats
Authors: Watson FCE , Brodbelt DC , Gregory SP 
Published: April 2015

Objectives: To determine the agreement between a veterinary-specific tympanic membrane thermometer and measurement of core oesophageal and rectal temperature in client-owned anaesthetised cats. Methods: A prospective study was performed using 20 cats that were scheduled to undergo general anaesthesia. For each cat, five consecutive temperature recordings were taken from an oesophageal temperature probe (OT), rectal thermometer (RT) and a veterinary-specific tympanic membrane thermometer (TT) prior to surgery. The temperatures were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Mean differences for the TT compared with OT and RT were -0.86°C (SD = 0.62°C, 95% CI [-2.39°C, 0.67°C]) and -0.93°C (SD = 0.57°C, 95% CI [-2.27, 0.44]) respectively; both greater than the accepted maximal clinical tolerance of 0.20°C. The mean difference for the RT compared with the OT was 0.06°C (SD = 0.28°C, 95% CI [-0.56, 0.67]). Clinical significance: The TT does not accurately represent core body temperature in cats under general anaesthesia and should not be used interchangeably with oesophageal thermometers. Rectal temperatures can be used to reliably approximate core temperature in anaesthetised cats.
Biochemical and chemical indices of soil transformations on goose farms in years 1996–2011 / Biochemiczne i chemiczne wskaźniki przeobrażeń gleb na terenie ferm gęsi w latach 1998–2011
Authors: Bielińska Elżbieta Jolanta , Mocek-Płóciniak Agnieszka 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents characterisation of the eco-chemical condition and potential threats to soils of goose farms on the basis of recent monitoring of a 15-year measuring cycle. It was demonstrated that the observed soil enzymatic inactivation progressing with years of investigations on the examined farms was significantly associated with a very high content of mineral nitrogen and available forms of phosphorus. A distinct tendency towards increased content of heavy metals in soils derived from these farms as well as in their direct neighbourhood observed with the passage of time poses a serious hazard to the environment
Association of the Expression Level of the MYBPC1 Gene in Skeletal Muscle With Marbling Trait in Japanese Black Beef Cattle
Authors: Tong Bin , Muramatsu Youji , Ohta Takeshi , Kose Hiroyuki , Yamashiro Hideaki , Sugiyama Toshie , Yamada Takashisa 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Marbling characterized by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat (IMF) in longissimus muscle (LM) and measured as beef marbling score (BMS), is an economically important trait of beef cattle in Japan. The myosin binding protein C, slow type (MYBPC1) gene, involved in efficient energy metabolism and homeostasis during muscle contraction in slow skeletal muscle, has been previously shown to be expressed at different levels in the LM between high-marbled and lowmarbled steer groups using differential-display PCR (ddPCR). In this study, we found that IMF area (%) in the sacrococcygeus muscle (SM) was positively correlated with BMS in the LM in Japanese Black steers (n=22, r=0.941, P<0.0001). This suggested that the IMF area (%) in the SM tends to equate marbling level in the LM. Furthermore, we showed that the MYBPC1 expression level in SM was significantly higher in the Japanese Black steers (n=5) with high BMS than in the Japanese Black steers (n=5) with low BMS (P<0.001). Moreover, correlation analyses showed that the expression level of the MYBPC1 gene was positively correlated with IMF area (%) (n=22, r=0.858, P<0.0001) and BMS (n=22, r=0.769, P<0.0001), indicating the association of MYBPC1 expression level with marbling trait. These results, together with the previous ddPCR result, suggested that high level of MYBPC1 expression may be associated with the development of marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle.
Stepping inside the realm of epigenetic modifiers
Authors: Blum Roy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ability to regulate gene expression in response to environmental alterations is vital for the endurance of all cells. However, unlike bacteria and unicellular organisms, cells of multicellular eukaryotes have developed this competency in a highly sophisticated manner, which ultimately allows for multiple lineages of differentiated cells. To maintain stability and generate progeny, differentiated cells must remain lineage-committed through numerous cell generations, and therefore their transcriptional modus operandi ought to be memorized and transmittable. To preserve the specialized characteristics of differentiated cells, it is crucial that transcriptional alterations that are triggered by specific external or intrinsic stimuli can last also after stimuli fading and propagate onto daughter cells. The unique composition of DNA and histones, and their ability to acquire a variety of epigenetic modifications, enables eukaryotic chromatin to assimilate cellular plasticity and molecular memory. The most well-studied types of epigenetic modifiers are covalently modifying DNA or histones, mostly in a reversible manner. Additional epigenetic mechanisms include histone variant replacement, energy-utilizing remodeling factors, and noncoding transcripts assembled with modifying complexes. Working with multifunctional complexes including transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers have the potential to dictate a variety of transcriptional programs underlying all cellular lineages, while utilizing in each the same source DNA as their substrates.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance of Lactococcus Sp. Strains Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: Ture Mustafa , Boran Halis 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A current profile of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid of 29 Lactococcus garvieae and one Lactococcus lactis strains isolated from rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from farms throughout Turkey were investigated. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin G (90%), ampicillin (86.7%), florfenicol (83.3%), amoxicillin (80.1%), and tetracycline (73.4%), and resistant to trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole (86.6%) and gentamycin (46.6%) by disc diffusion method. Twenty-eight (93%) isolates had two to seven antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) determined by PCR. The most prevalent ARGs were tetracycline (tetB), erythromycin (ereB), and β-lactam (blaTEM). Bacterial strains were also screened for plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis and two strains harboured plasmids, with sizes ranging from 3 to 9 kb.