bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and clay stabilization of a water‐soluble copolymer based on acrylamide, modular β‐cyclodextrin, and AMPS
Authors: Liu Xiangjun , Jiang Wenchao , Gou Shaohua , Ye Zhongbin , Luo Cheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA modular β‐cyclodextrin copolymer for clay stabilization was prepared from 2‐O‐(allyloxy‐2‐hydroxyl‐propyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (XBH), acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and sodium acrylate (NaAA) via redox free‐radical copolymerization. The effects of reactive conditions (such as initiator concentration, monomer ratio, reaction temperature, and pH) on the apparent viscosity of the copolymer were investigated and the optimal conditions for the copolymerization were established. The copolymer obtained was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, viscosity measurements, rheological measurement, core stress test, and X‐ray diffractometry. The crystalline interspace of MMT could be reduced from 18.95323 Å to 15.21484 Å by copolymer AM/NaAA/AMPS/XBH. And this water‐soluble copolymer also showed remarkable anti‐shear ability, temperature resistance, and salt tolerance (1000 s−1, viscosity retention rate: 35%; 120°C, viscosity retention rate: 75%; 10,000 mg/L NaCl, viscosity retention rate: 50.2%; 2000 mg/L CaCl2, viscosity retention rate: 48.5%; 2000 mg/L MgCl2, viscosity retention rate: 42.9%). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Syntheses of cyclic poly(lactones) by zwitterionic ring opening polymerization catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbene
Authors: Vishwa Prasad Aitha , Yinghuai Zhu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSynthesis of cyclic biopolymers from renewable monomers remains a big challenge because of lack of efficient catalysts. The organocatalyst of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), (+)‐1‐methyl‐3‐menthoxymethyl imidazol‐2‐ylidene, is used to prepare cyclic polylactones including poly(ε‐caprolactone) (poly(ε‐CL)), poly(δ‐valearolactone) (poly(δ‐VL)), and poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐δ‐valearolactone) (poly(ε‐CL‐co‐δ‐VL)) via zwitterionic ring opening polymerization. The NHC catalyst is founded a highly efficient organic catalyst for the polymerization. The resulting cyclic polymers show a melting temperature (Tm) in a range of 20–60°C, which is dramatically lower than the Tm of cyclic poly(lactide) (Tm = 120–150°C). The resulting copolymer, cyclic poly(ε‐CL‐co‐δ‐VL) owns high molecular weight comparing with corresponding linear poly(ε‐CL‐co‐δ‐VL) produced by other catalysts. The synthesized cyclic homo and copolymers were characterized by 1H‐, 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetric analysis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Positive Inotropic Evaluation of (E)‐2‐(4‐Cinnamylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐N‐(1‐substituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)acetamides
Authors: Wu Yan , Ma Long‐Xu , Niu Tian‐Wei , Meng Fan‐Ling , Cui Xun , Piao Hu‐Ri 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of (E)‐2‐(4‐cinnamylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐N‐(1‐substituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)acetamides were synthesized and evaluated for their positive inotropic activity by measuring the left atrium stroke volume on isolated rabbit heart preparations. This class of compounds presented favorable in vitro activity compared with the standard drug, milrinone, among which N‐(1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)‐2‐(4‐cinnamylpiperazin‐1‐yl)acetamide 5e was found to be the most potent with 16.58 ± 0.11% increased stroke volume (milrinone: 2.46 ± 0.07%) at a concentration of 3 × 10−5 M. The chronotropic effects of the compounds having inotropic effects were also evaluated.
What about forensic psychiatry as a career? Undergraduate and early post‐graduate medical perspectives
Authors: Thomas Alec 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundMedical students in the UK are encouraged to plan their career earlier than ever before. What do they need to do that?AimTo explore the roles of the undergraduate curriculum and the foundation programme from the perspective of a foundation trainee looking towards a career in forensic psychiatry, and to conduct a pilot survey of undergraduates and early trainees about their knowledge and wishes with respect to forensic psychiatry.FindingsA fifth of those given a questionnaire responded. Among 36 responders, 14 were considering a career in forensic psychiatry. Some of the remainder did not know about the option at all; no one felt that they had sufficient information about this career option.Conclusions and implications for practiceThis was a pilot study with a low response rate, and confined to Wales, so the findings must be regarded with caution. Nevertheless, it does appear that a concerted effort by medical schools and relevant professional bodies to provide more information and encouragement to trainees at an early stage would be likely to support recruitment to the specialty of forensic psychiatry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training in forensic psychiatry when no nationally recognised scheme exists
Authors: Gómez‐Durán Esperanza L , García‐Largo Leticia Muñoz 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn some European countries, forensic psychiatric training is formalised within a psychiatric framework. In others, the approach is radically different, but the end result may be a practitioner who is qualified to practise forensic psychiatry in all European jusrisdictions.AimThe aim of this study is to describe the context of training to work with offender‐patients in Spain.Information and discussionThere is no nationally recognised training scheme in forensic psychiatry in Spain but rather a dichotomy between legal doctors, trained to assess offenders and provide reports for the courts but not necessarily in psychiatry, and psychiatrists, trained in clinical management and treatment but not necessarily in relation to offender patients. This dichotomy arose as training pathways diverged historically, legal medicine being the older discipline. In this system, the courts are always assured of an independent medical opinion, although treating psychiatrists would generally advise on release decisions. Almost all offender‐patient treatment is in prisons. The system is heavily dependent on the goodwill and drive of practitioners who seek to provide themselves with dual skills in the absence of national guidance and support for such training. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The treating psychiatrist as expert in the courts: is it necessary or possible to separate the roles of physician and expert?
Authors: Taylor Pamela J. , Graf Marc , Schanda Hans , Völlm Birgit 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundCertified medical specialists, including forensic psychiatrists, from the 27 member states of the European Union (EU) may practise in each other's countries, but there are professional and legal differences between them. One may lie in whether a patient's treating doctor/clinician may give expert evidence about that person in court.AimsTo examine similarities and differences between EU jurisdictions in law and practice in combining or separating such roles and to review the evidence in support of either position.MethodsA psychiatrist with court experience was contacted in each EU country about law, practice and guidance on division of clinician–expert roles. Published literature was searched for an evidence base for practice in the field. Additional material is from discussion at a residential meeting of practising forensic psychiatrists from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK.ResultsAll acknowledge that a treating clinician can never be an independent expert in that case, but the 22 (of 27) EU countries responding vary in law and practice on whether the dual role may be assumed. There has been almost no research interest in factors relevant to separation of roles. International discussion revealed that ethical and practice issues are not straightforward.ConclusionsOn current evidence, either separation or combination of clinical and expert roles in a particular case may be acceptable. Insofar as there are national legal or professional guidelines on this issue, anyone practising in that country must follow them and may safely do so, regardless of practice in their native country. The most important ethical issue lies in clarity for all parties on the nature and extent of roles in the case. This paper has additional material online. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of the Cementation Process for the Removal of Copper in Process Effluent Discharges
Authors: Nazim M. , Pal P. , Al Shoaibi A. , Elkamel A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCementation is an effective process that meets the requirements of process cleanliness. The performance of the cementation reaction is dictated by a number of variables. In this study, the effects of various parameters on the yields of copper‐iron cementation (wire and powder) were investigated. Statistical full factorial designs were used to produce appropriate mixture models for the yields. The experimental designs were done at three different levels of three operating variables, namely initial concentration, temperature, and pH. The optimization studies were carried out with MATLAB 7.0 software. The optimum yields obtained from the predicted models were found to be 0.9916 and 0.9088 for iron wire and powder, respectively, under optimized conditions, and these were in accordance with the experimental observations.
Adsorbent Evaluation Based on Experimental Breakthrough Curves: Separation of p‐Xylene from C8 Isomers
Authors: Silva M. S. P. , Moreira M. A. , Ferreira A. F. P. , Santos J. C. , Silva V. M. T. M. , Sá Gomes P. , Minceva M. , Mota J. P. B. , Rodrigues A. E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe search for new adsorbents with enhanced capacity and selectivity, suitable for application on large‐scale simulated moving‐bed units for separation of p‐xylene, requires efficient, reliable, and fast adsorbent characterization methods for this specific separation. Fixed‐bed experiments were carried out under the conditions of the Parex process to evaluate a faujasite‐type zeolite as adsorbent for the separation of p‐xylene from its isomers in the proportions of the real Parex feed stream. The experimental breakthrough curves were used to evaluate the selected adsorbent in terms of nonselective and selective volumes, adsorption capacity, selectivity, and productivity, which can be applied to identify the feasible separation region for different operating conditions.
Non‐covalently Functionalized Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes: A Supramolecular Approach of Selective Zinc Ions Sensing in Living Cells
Authors: Yu Miao , Liu Yuping , Chen Yong , Zhang Ning , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA fluorescent cyclodextrin/carbon nanotube assembly was easily constructed through the non‐covalent attachment of adamantanylpyrene on carbon nanotube and the following association of cyclodextrin derivative bearing fluorescent substituent, and its structure was fully characterized by UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopic and fluorescence microscopic studies showed that the resultant non‐covalently functionalized fluorescent nanotube could be used as a highly selective fluorescent probe for Zn2+ in both water and living cells. Without carbon nanotube, the fluorescence probe was unable to enter the cell but only anchored on the cell membrane. This approach will overcome the disadvantage of many spectral sensors that are unable to enter living cells and greatly improve the application of naotube‐related supramolecular architecture in nanoscience and technology.
Infrared Photodissociation Spectra of Mass‐Selected Homoleptic Dinuclear Palladium Carbonyl Cluster Cations in the Gas Phase
Authors: Cui Jieming , Xing Xiaopeng , Chi Chaoxian , Wang Guanjun , Liu Zhipan , Zhou Mingfei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInfrared spectra of mass‐selected homoleptic dinuclear palladium carbonyl cluster cations Pd2(CO)n+ (n=5–8) are measured via infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching frequency region. The structures are established by comparison of the experimental spectra with simulated spectra derived from density functional calculations. The Pd2(CO)5+ cation is characterized to have two weakly semibridging CO groups with C2 symmetry. The Pd2(CO)6+ and Pd2(CO)7+ cations are determined to involve one weakly semibridging CO group. The Pd2(CO)8+ cation is a CO coordination saturated cluster, which is determined to have a D2d structure with all of the carbonyl groups terminally bonded. Bonding analysis indicates that these cluster cations each has a PdPd half bond. The PdPd distance increases with the number of CO ligands.
Mixed Rare‐Earth Complexes of Eu(III) and Y(III) with Pyridine‐2,4,6‐tricarboxylic Acid and Their Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Zhao Xiaoqing , Liu Mingli , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of rare‐earth luminescent complexes {[Eu(pta)(H2O)3]·H2O}n (1, H3pta=pyridine‐2,4,6‐tricarboxylic acid) and {[EuxY(1−x)(pta)(H2O)3]·H2O}n (2–10) have been synthesized. Complexes 1 and 8 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, while other complexes were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, displaying the similar structural mode. The luminescent properties of complexes 1–10 were investigated and the results show that the emission intensities of mixed rare‐earth complexes 2–10 are the same or even higher than that of homometallic complex 1 with the increasing Y(III) ions.
Block and Hetero Ethyl Cellulose Graft Copolymers Synthesized via Sequent and One‐pot ATRP and "Click" Reactions
Authors: Li Qinmei , Kang Hongliang , Liu Ruigang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEthyl cellulose graft copolymers with block and hetero side chains, ethyl cellulose graft [polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)] [EC‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEG)] and ethyl cellulose graft polystyrene and polyethylene glycol [EC‐g‐(PS‐PEG )] were synthesized by atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and alkyne‐azide "click" reactions and "one‐pot" ATRP and "click" reactions, respectively. For the synthesis of EC‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEG), the macroinitiator for ATRP was first synthesized via the esterification of hydroxyl groups of EC with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to result ethyl cellulose 2‐bromoisobutyryl ester (EC‐Br). The degree of substitution of bromide groups, which determined the graft density, can be tailored by varying the feeding ratios of the hydroxyl groups to 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. Then ATRP was carried out for preparing EC‐g‐PS‐Br with well‐defined length of PS chains. The EC‐g‐PS‐Br copolymers were then converted to EC‐g‐PS‐N3 and then reacted with end alkyne‐functionalized PEG via click to result in EC‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEG). The EC‐g‐(PS‐PEG) copolymers were synthesized by converting bromide groups of EC‐Br to azide groups (EC‐Br‐N3) and then by one‐pot ATRP and "click" reactions. The resultant graft copolymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The results indicate the success of the synthetic procedure of the cellulose graft copolymers with block and hetero side chains.
Exploring Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose as Potential Gene Carriers
Authors: Ding Fei , You Jun , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Jinping , Zhang Xiaolian , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Lina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCationic polysaccharides have been receiving more attentions and used as nonviral gene delivery vectors. In this paper, quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose (QHEC) derivatives were studied as gene carriers for their efficient DNA binding abilities. All QHECs could form stable QHEC/DNA complexes and resist the degradation of DNase I. And the dynamic light scatter (DLS) results showed that all QHEC/DNA complexes could form compact particles. These QHEC/DNA complexes exhibited effective transfection abilities in comparison to the naked DNA. The cytotoxicities of QHEC and QHEC/DNA complexes were also evaluated in four cell lines which were relatively low compared with 25 kDa bPEI. All results indicated that these quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses could be used as potential gene delivery vectors.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Photoluminescent Property of Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Mixed Carboxylate and Imidazole‐Containing Ligands
Authors: Su Zhi , Fan Jian , Okamura Taka‐aki , Sun Weiyin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThree new metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [Zn(tib)(PDC)] (1), [Zn3(tib)2(CHDC)3]·8H2O (2) and [Zn3(tib)2(BTC)2]·4.95H2O (3) were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of ZnCl2 with 1,3,5‐tris(1‐imidazolyl)benzene (tib) and different carboxylate ligands of 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (H2PDC), 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (H2CHDC) and 1,3,5‐benzenetriacetic acid (H3BTC), respectively. The complexes were characterized by IR, thermogravimetric analysis, single crystal and powder X‐ray diffractions. Complex 1 has a binuclear structure, in which one imidazole group of tib is free of coordination, while 2 has three‐dimensional (3D) framework with the CHDC‐Zn microcycles filled into the tib‐Zn 3D net, and 3 is a 2‐fold interpenetrating 3D framework with the interconnection of two one‐dimensional (1D) chains formed by BTC‐Zn and tib‐Zn, respectively. The different structures of 1–3 are resulted from the distinct carboxylate ligands. In addition, complexes 1–3 show obvious emissions at room temperature in the solid state.
Regulation of integrin trafficking, cell adhesion, and cell migration by WASH and the Arp2/3 complex
Authors: Duleh Steve N. , Welch Matthew D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWASH is a nucleation‐promoting factor for the Arp2/3 complex that is implicated in multiple endocytic trafficking pathways including receptor recycling, cargo degradation, and retromer‐mediated receptor retrieval. We sought to examine whether WASH plays an important role in trafficking of specialized cargo molecules such as integrins, for which trafficking is highly regulated during cell migration. We observed that subdomains of early/sorting endosomes associated with dynamic WASH and filamentous actin, and α5‐integrins trafficked through this population of endosomes. Depletion of WASH caused accumulation of α5‐integrins in intracellular compartments, reduction of α5‐integrin localization at focal adhesions, and reduction in focal adhesion number. Transport of α5‐integrins from internal endocytic structures to focal adhesions was disrupted upon WASH depletion or Arp2/3 complex inhibition. Furthermore, WASH‐depleted cells displayed greatly reduced affinity for specific extracellular matrix proteins including fibronectin and impaired cell spreading ability. Interestingly, the reduced adhesion capacity of WASH‐depleted cells resulted in their migrating more rapidly than control cells in wound healing assays. Our results define a requirement for WASH, Arp2/3 complex, and actin in specialized trafficking of integrins. These findings highlight a role for actin dynamics in influencing cell adhesion and migration via endocytic trafficking of integrins, in addition to the well‐established role of actin in plasma membrane dynamics and contractility. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Active and passive rotations with Euler angles in NMR
Authors: Millot Yannick , Man Pascal P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEuler angles are commonly used for orientating a coordinate frame relatively to another or for describing the rotation of rigid body about a fixed point. Unfortunately, there is no standard notation for Euler angles and rotation axes in composite rotation matrices. Two types (passive and active) of rotation are possible; each of them can be performed either in rotated or in fixed frames. We suggest a notation harmonization for composite rotation matrices. To this end, we first gather the conditions and conventions available in the literature. Second, the matrices of elementary rotation about basis vectors are identified because they participate in the construction of composite rotation matrices. They allow us to determine the type of composite rotation matrix. Third, we introduce the Euler angles during the description of two composite rotations of bases. This permits us to anticipate the type of the resulting composite rotation matrices. It results the central convention that suggests us to order Euler angles and rotation axes in the definition of composite rotation matrix in the same way as the three elementary rotation matrices. This convention is not always applied in the literature. Fourth, we confirm our anticipation using composite rotation of vector. Fifth, this central convention permits us to define the multiplication order of two composite rotation matrices straightforward. Finally, we apply the matrices of composite active rotation about fixed axes to X‐pulse, spin‐lock pulse, and magnetization inversion pulses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 40A: 215–252, 2012.
Auto‐tuning of level 1 and level 2 BLAS for GPUs
Authors: Sørensen Hans Henrik Brandenborg 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe use of high‐performance libraries for dense linear algebra operations is of great importance in many numerical scientific applications. The most common operations form the backbone of the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS) library. In this paper, we consider the performance and auto‐tuning of level 1 and level 2 BLAS routines on graphical processing units. As examples, we develop single‐precision Compute Unified Device Architecture kernels for three of the most popular operations, the Euclidian norm (SNRM2), the matrix–vector multiplication (SGEMV), and the triangular solution (STRSV). The target hardware is the most recent Nvidia (Santa Clara, CA, USA) Tesla 20‐series (Fermi architecture), which is designed from the ground up for high‐performance computing. We show that it is essentially a matter of fully utilizing the fine‐grained parallelism of the many‐core graphical processing unit to achieve high performance for level 1 and level 2 BLAS operations. We show that auto‐tuning can be successfully employed to kernels for these operations so that they perform well for all input sizes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adapting bioinformatics applications for heterogeneous systems: a case study
Authors: Lanc Irena , Bui Peter , Thain Douglas , Emrich Scott 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe advent of new sequencing technologies has generated extremely large amounts of information. To successfully apply bioinformatics tools to such large datasets, they need to exhibit scalability and ideally elasticity in diverse computing environments. We describe the application of previously obtained lessons to a new workflow with and without shared file storage. Because the original workflows have an intractable sequential running times on large datasets, we propose lessons and results for refactoring bioinformatics tools for elastic scaling on personal clouds. Our case studies describe the various challenges faced when constructing such a workflow, from dealing with failure detection, to managing dependencies, to handling the quirks of the underlying operating systems. The practice of scaling bioinformatics tools is increasingly commonplace. As such, this hands‐on application of refactoring techniques can serve as a valuable guide. Significantly, our customized Makeflow framework enabled generalizable deployment on a wider variety of systems while substantially reducing wall clock runtimes using hundreds of cores. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.