bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Alternative Approach to the Bedside Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in the Emergency Department: Displacement of the Aortic Root
Authors: Ünlüer Erden Erol , Karagöz Arif , Bayata Serdar , Akoğlu Haldun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a crucial parameter in the management of patients with dyspnea in the emergency department (ED). The use of techniques other than echocardiography such as nuclear or magnetic resonance imaging to measure LVEF is unsuitable in the ED because of time constraints. This study aimed to compare echocardiographic aortic root (AR) excursion and LVEF measurement using the modified Simpson's method (biplane method of disks) as recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography.MethodsAfter 2 hours of theoretical video and hands‐on training with 20 patients by an experienced echocardiographer, two emergency physicians prospectively evaluated patients with dyspnea. Two‐dimensional echocardiograms of the parasternal long‐axis view were obtained, and the displacement of the aortic root (DAR) was studied. M‐mode DAR recordings were obtained, and distances were measured as the maximized anterior displacement of the AR from the horizontal axis at end‐systole by using the leading‐edge methodology. LVEF was measured by an experienced cardiologist using the modified Simpson's rule. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR–), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were analyzed. A new formula for the prediction of the ejection fraction (EF) with the aid of DAR was then created.ResultsThe mean (±SD) age with of the 70 study patients was 69.7 (±11.91) years. In these patients, DAR was highly correlated with EF (point biserial correlation coefficient = 0.79, p < 0.001) and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results were significant (F = 115.9; p < 0.001). The sensitivity was 94.4; specificity, 94.1; LR+, 16.6; LR–, 0.059; PPV, 94.4; and NPV, 94.1.ConclusionsThe results indicate that DAR is a sensitive index of left ventricular systolic function (SF) and can be used to reliably predict EF values using the rough formula of EF = 20 + 44 (DAR).
Role of personality in medical students' initial intention to become rural doctors
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Eley Diann , Lampe Lisa , Coulston Carissa M. , Malhi Gin S. , Wilson Ian , Kelly Brian , Talley Nicholas J. , Owen Cathy , Corrigan Gerry , Griffin Barbara , Humphreys John , Alba Beatrice , Stagg Pamela 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveRecent efforts to redress the deficit of rural medical practitioners have considered the problem of recruitment and retention of rural doctors as one of influencing individuals’ career choices. Exposure to rural medical environments during basic medical training is one long‐standing example of an initiative aimed in this direction and there is some evidence that it is effective. This study sought to determine whether or not various domains of personality are related to medical students’ attitude to practising as rural doctors after graduation.DesignThe sample comprised 914 students commencing medical studies in Australian universities. They were recruited as part of the Medical Schools Outcomes Database project and indicated intended location of future medical practice.SettingSeven Australian basic medical training programs.Main outcome measuresAll students completed the NEO five‐factor index (NEO‐FFI) and Adjective Checklist (ACL) personality instruments.ResultsA preference for a rural practice location was associated with a combination of six domains of personality. The probability of rural preference was greater with higher scores on openness to experience, agreeableness and self‐confidence but lower with higher scores on extraversion, autonomy and intraception. Taken together these six domains of personality provide useful although imperfect discrimination between students with a rural versus urban location preference. After controlling for student age the associations with extraversion and agreeableness failed to reach statistical significance.ConclusionsWhile personality does not fully explain medical students' attitude towards practicing as a rural doctor, the data suggest it is an important factor and that some individuals may be better suited to a rural medical career than others. Considering personality along with other characteristics of the individual might allow targeted ‘marketing’ of rural practice.
Improving eye care for Indigenous Australians in primary health care settings
Authors: Boudville Andrea I. , Anjou Mitchell D. , Taylor Hugh R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis paper aims to assess the barriers and solutions to the delivery of eye care in primary care settings and solutions to improve the use of comprehensive eye care among Indigenous Australians.Design, setting, participantsQualitative, mixed method study participants include Aboriginal community members, and health and eye care providers in urban, rural and remote settings.Main outcome measuresPresent evidence for health care providers to better understand and address some of the barriers that limit access to eye care in primary care settings.ResultsPatient perspectives on barriers to accessing eye care and reasons they choose to seek care or not are presented. Health system barriers identified by health and eye care providers are also presented. Additionally, key enablers for improving access to eye care through primary care services are identified.ConclusionPrimary health care services have an important role in Indigenous eye health. There is a critical role for primary care in the coordination of the patient journey and cooperating with other services to improve access to comprehensive eye care. Through improved provision of primary eye care, monitoring of Indigenous eye health indicators and supporting patients to access eye care, it is possible to close the gap for vision.
Indigenous perspectives on the desired attributes of medical graduates practising in remote communities: A Northwest Queensland pilot study
Authors: Woolley Torres , Sivamalai Sundram , Ross Simone , Duffy Glenda , Miller Adrian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionProviding an emphasis on Indigenous health in medical undergraduate education is seen as a high priority by Australian medical organisations. A regional North Queensland medical school asked local Indigenous people to list personal attributes they want to see in graduate doctors who choose to practise in their remote community.MethodsThis 2011 pilot study used a participatory action research design, with 13 local Indigenous health professionals, elders and community members from Mount Isa participating as co‐researchers in ‘Yarning Circles’ discussing desired medical graduate attributes. Medical school co‐researchers inductively extracted themes from the discussions via a qualitative ‘grounded theory’ approach.ResultsEight major subtopics were identified by the Mount Isa Indigenous community around desired skills, knowledge and attitudes for graduate doctors: provision of quality patient care; culturally appropriate communication; medical knowledge; culturally appropriate knowledge; knowing the local health system; a positive personality; a positive attitude to working with Indigenous peoples; and a desire to engage with the Indigenous community.DiscussionEffective communications with Indigenous patients and working in remote Indigenous communities requires doctors to have appropriate clinical skills, medical knowledge, knowledge about how local health systems operate, familiarity with significant Indigenous health issues such as child safety and alcohol management, and positive attitudes to working with, learning about and providing an advocacy role for Indigenous peoples.ConclusionsFindings have implications for enhancing the professional behaviours and engagement of James Cook University medical students in Indigenous communities while on rural placement and after graduation, and for Australian medical and health practitioners more broadly.
Helping policy‐makers address rural health access problems
Authors: Russell Deborah J. , Humphreys John S. , Ward Bernadette , Chisholm Marita , Buykx Penny , McGrail Matthew , Wakerman John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the key dimensions of access and their significance for the provision of primary health care and a framework that assists policy‐makers to evaluate how well policy targets the dimensions of access. Access to health care can be conceptualised as the potential ease with which consumers can obtain health care at times of need. Disaggregation of the concept of access into the dimensions of availability, geography, affordability, accommodation, timeliness, acceptability and awareness allows policy‐makers to identify key questions which must be addressed to ensure reasonable primary health care access for rural and remote Australians. Evaluating how well national primary health care policies target these dimensions of access helps identify policy gaps and potential inequities in ensuring access to primary health care. Effective policies must incorporate the multiple dimensions of access if they are to comprehensively and effectively address unacceptable inequities in health status and access to basic health services experienced by rural and remote Australians.
Factors affecting parents' presence with their extremely preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care room
Authors: Heinemann Ann‐Britt , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Hedberg Nyqvist Kerstin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo describe parents' experiences of factors that influenced their stay with their extremely preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsThis study has a qualitative descriptive design based on semistructured interviews conducted with seven mothers and six fathers.ResultsOpportunities to stay overnight together with their infant facilitated parental presence, and opportunities for taking over their infant's care empowered the parents in their parental role and increased their motivation to stay. Kangaroo mother care helped them to feel in control and feel needed, which increased their presence. High levels of illumination and noise rendered it difficult for parents to sleep and stay overnight with the infant. Low staffing levels limited their use of kangaroo mother care when they had to wait for assistance to transfer the infant from the incubator. Several participants perceived the performance of painful procedures on their child as stressful and as an obstacle to their presence.ConclusionKangaroo mother care and active involvement in the infant's care gave parents a sense of control and strengthened their motivation to be with their infant. High levels of noise and illumination and a dismissive staff attitude were obstacles to parents' presence.
Therapeutic Window for Combination Therapy of A91 Peptide and Glutathione Allows Delayed Treatment After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: del Rayo Garrido María , Silva‐García Raúl , García Elisa , Martiñón Susana , Morales Mariana , Mestre Humberto , Flores‐Domínguez Carmina , Flores Adrian , Ibarra Antonio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractImmunisation with neural‐derived peptides is a promising strategy in models of spinal cord (SC) injury. Recent studies have also demonstrated that the addition of glutathione monoethyl ester (GHSE) to this strategy further improves motor recovery, tissue protection and neuronal survival after SC injury. As it is realistic to envision that this combination therapy could be tested in clinical trials, the therapeutic window should be experimentally explored before implementing its use in SC‐injured human beings. For this purpose, 50 rats (10 per group) were subjected to a moderate SC contusion. The combined therapy was initiated at 10 min., 24, 72 or 120 hr after injury. Motor recovery and the survival of rubrospinal (RS) and ventral horn (VH) neurones were evaluated 60 days after injury. Results showed a significant motor improvement even if the combined therapy was initiated up to 72 hr after injury. BBB scores were as follows: 10 min.: 10.5 ± 0.7, 24 hr: 10.7 ± 0.5, 72 hr: 11.0 ± 1.3 and PBS: 6.7 ± 1 (mean ± S.D.). Initiation of combined therapy 120 hr after injury had no beneficial effect on motor recovery. Survival of RS and VH neurones was significantly higher in animals treated during the first 72 hr than those treated only with PBS. In this case again, animals treated with combined therapy 120 hr after injury did not present significant survival of neurones. Treatment with this combined strategy has a clinically feasible therapeutic window. This therapy provides enough time to transport and diagnose the patient and allows the concomitant use of other neuroprotective therapies.
“Prion‐Like” Templated Misfolding in Tauopathies
Authors: Clavaguera Florence , Lavenir Isabelle , Falcon Ben , Frank Stephan , Goedert Michel , Tolnay Markus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe soluble microtubule‐associated protein tau forms hyperphosphorylated, insoluble and filamentous inclusions in a number of neurodegenerative diseases referred to as “tauopathies.” In Alzheimer's disease, tau pathology develops in a stereotypical manner, with the first lesions appearing in the locus coeruleus and entorhinal cortex, from where they appear to spread to the hippocampus and neocortex. Propagation of tau pathology is also a characteristic of argyrophilic grain disease, where the tau lesions spread throughout the limbic system. Significantly, isoform composition and morphology of tau filaments can differ between tauopathies, suggesting the existence of distinct tau strains. Extensive experimental findings indicate that prion‐like mechanisms underly the pathogenesis of tauopathies.
Magnetic anomalies associated with salt tectonism, deep structure and regional tectonics in the Maritimes Basin, Atlantic Canada
Authors: Hayward N. , Dehler S. A. , Grant A. C. , Durling Paul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe structure and tectonic evolution of an evaporite basin are investigated in this case study, which combines the interpretation of magnetic data with the more commonly applied seismic reflection and gravity methods. The Maritimes Basin contains up to 18 km of Upper Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks resting on the basement of the Acadian orogeny. Carboniferous rocks are intensely deformed to the southeast of the Magdalen Islands as a result of deformation of evaporites of the Viséan Windsor Group. Short‐wavelength (<5 km) magnetic lineations define NNE‐ and ENE‐trending linear belts, coincident with the mapped pattern of salt structures. Magnetic models show that these lineations can be explained by the infill of subsidence troughs by high‐susceptibility sediment and/or the presence of basaltic rocks, similar to those uplifted and exposed on the Magdalen Islands. Additional shallow, magnetic sources are interpreted to result from alteration mineralization in salt‐impregnated, iron‐rich sedimentary rocks, brecciated during salt mobilization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of samples from the Pugwash mine confirm the presence of higher susceptibility carnallite‐rich veins within salt units. Salt tectonism and basin development were influenced by the structure of the base group, the deepest regionally continuous seismic reflections (ca. 5–11 km), associated with an unconformity at the base of the Windsor Group, sampled at the Cap Rouge well. Salt structural evolution, formation of the magnetic lineations and geometry of the base group are associated with regional dextral transpression during basin development (late Carboniferous) and/or Alleghanian Orogeny (late Carboniferous to Permian). In this and similar studies, the effective use of magnetics is dependent upon the presence of rocks of high magnetic susceptibility in contrast to the low‐susceptibility salt bodies. In the absence of high‐susceptibility rocks, magnetic lows over the salt structures may be modelled, similar to commonly applied gravity techniques, to derive the internal structure and geometry.
Anomalous passive subsidence of deep‐water sedimentary basins: a prearc basin example, southern New Caledonia Trough and Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Baur Jan , Sutherland Rupert , Stern Tim 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStratigraphic data from petroleum wells and seismic reflection analysis reveal two distinct episodes of subsidence in the southern New Caledonia Trough and deep‐water Taranaki Basin. Tectonic subsidence of ~2.5 km was related to Cretaceous rift faulting and post‐rift thermal subsidence, and ~1.5 km of anomalous passive tectonic subsidence occurred during Cenozoic time. Pure‐shear stretching by factors of up to 2 is estimated for the first phase of subsidence from the exponential decay of post‐rift subsidence. The second subsidence event occured ~40 Ma after rifting ceased, and was not associated with faulting in the upper crust. Eocene subsidence patterns indicate northward tilting of the basin, followed by rapid regional subsidence during the Oligocene and Early Miocene. The resulting basin is 300–500 km wide and over 2000 km long, includes part of Taranaki Basin, and is not easily explained by any classic model of lithosphere deformation or cooling. The spatial scale of the basin, paucity of Cenozoic crustal faulting, and magnitudes of subsidence suggest a regional process that acted from below, probably originating within the upper mantle. This process was likely associated with inception of nearby Australia‐Pacific plate convergence, which ultimately formed the Tonga‐Kermadec subduction zone. Our study demonstrates that shallow‐water environments persisted for longer and their associated sedimentary sequences are hence thicker than would be predicted by any rift basin model that produces such large values of subsidence and an equivalent water depth. We suggest that convective processes within the upper mantle can influence the sedimentary facies distribution and thermal architecture of deep‐water basins, and that not all deep‐water basins are simply the evolved products of the same processes that produce shallow‐water sedimentary basins. This may be particularly true during the inception of subduction zones, and we suggest the term ‘prearc’ basin to describe this tectonic setting.
A total‐evidence phylogenetic analysis ofHormaphidinae (Hemiptera:Aphididae), with comments on the evolution of galls
Authors: Chen Jing , Jiang Li‐Yun , Qiao Ge‐Xia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis of Hormaphidinae is presented based on a total‐evidence approach. Four genes (two mitochondrial,COIandCytB, and two nuclear,EF‐1αandLWO) are combined with 65 morphological and seven biological characters. Sixty‐three hormaphidine species representing three tribes and 36 genera as well as nine outgroups are included. Parsimony and model‐based approaches are used, and several support values and implied weighting schemes are explored to assess clade stability. The monophyly of Hormaphidinae and Nipponaphidini is supported, but Cerataphidini and Hormaphidini are not recovered as monophyletic. Based on the parsimony hypothesis from the total‐evidence analysis, the phylogenetic relationships within Hormaphidinae are discussed. Cerataphidini is re‐delimited to excludeDoraphisandTsugaphis, and Hormaphidini is redefined to includeDoraphis.CeratocallisQiao & Zhang is established as a junior synonym ofCeratoglyphinavan der Goot, syn. nov.Lithoaphis quercisuctaQiao, Guo & Zhang is transferred to the genusNeohormaphisNoordam asNeohormaphis quercisucta(Qiao, Guo & Zhang) comb. nov. Galls have evolved independently within three tribes of Hormaphidinae. In Cerataphidini, pseudogalls are ancestral, both single‐cavity and multiple‐cavity galls have evolved once, and galls appear to have evolved towards greater complexity. Galling on secondary hosts has evolved twice in hormaphidines.
A Comparison of Linear Demographic Models and Fraction of Lifetime Egg Production for Assessing Sustainability in Sharks
Authors: CHAPPLE TAYLOR K. , BOTSFORD LOUIS W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractConventional methods for management of data‐rich fisheries maintain sustainable populations by assuring that lifetime reproduction is adequate for individuals to replace themselves and accounting for density‐dependent recruitment. Fishing is not allowed to reduce relative lifetime reproduction, the fraction of current egg production relative to unfished egg production (FLEP), below a sustainable level. Because most shark fisheries are data poor, other representations of persistence status have been used, including linear demographic models, which incorporate life‐history characteristics in age‐structured models with no density dependence. We tested how well measures of sustainability from 3 linear demographic methods (rebound potential, stochastic growth rate, and potential population increase) reflect actual population persistence by comparing values of these measures with FLEP for 26 shark species. We also calculated the value of fishing mortality (F) that would allow all 26 species to maintain an accepted precautionary threshold for sharks of FLEP = 60%, expressing F as a fraction of natural mortality (M). Values of stochastic growth rate and potential population growth did not covary in rank order with FLEP (p = 0.057 and p = 0.077, respectively) and neither was significantly correlated with FLEP. Ordinal ranking of rebound potential positively covaried with FLEP (p = 0.00013), but the relative rankings of some species were substantially out of order. Adopting a sustainable limit of F = 0.16M would maintain all 26 species above the precautionary minimum value of FLEP (60%). We concluded that shark‐fishery and conservation policies should rely on calculation of replacement (i.e., FLEP), and that sharks should be fished at a precautionary level that would protect all stocks (i.e., F< 0.16M).Comparación entre Modelos Demográficos Lineales y la Fracción de Producción de Huevos a lo Largo de la Vida para Estudiar la Sustentabilidad en Tiburones Resumen
Parental rearing behavior prospectively predicts adolescents’ risky decision‐making and feedback‐related electrical brain activity
Authors: Euser Anja S. , Evans Brittany E. , Greaves‐Lord Kirstin , Huizink Anja C. , Franken Ingmar H.A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe present study examined the role of parental rearing behavior in adolescents’ risky decision‐making and the brain's feedback processing mechanisms. Healthy adolescent participants (n = 110) completed the EMBU‐C, a self‐report questionnaire on perceived parental rearing behaviors between 2006 and 2008 (T1). Subsequently, after an average of 3.5 years, we assessed (a) risky decision‐making during performance of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART); (b) event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by positive (gain) and negative feedback (loss) during the BART; and (c) self‐reported substance use behavior (T2). Age‐corrected regression analyses showed that parental rejection at T1 accounted for a unique and significant proportion of the variance in risk‐taking during the BART; the more adolescents perceived their parents as rejecting, the more risky decisions were made. Higher levels of perceived emotional warmth predicted increased P300 amplitudes in response to positive feedback at T2. Moreover, these larger P300 amplitudes (gain) significantly predicted risky decision‐making during the BART. Parental rearing behaviors during childhood thus seem to be significant predictors of both behavioral and electrophysiological indices of risky decision‐making in adolescence several years later. This is in keeping with the notion that environmental factors such as parental rearing are important in explaining adolescents’ risk‐taking propensities.