bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of developmental toxicity using undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Jung Eui‐Man , Choi Yeo‐ul , Kang Hong‐Seok , Yang Hyun , Hong Eui‐Ju , An Beum‐Soo , Yang Jun‐young , Choi Ki. Hwan , Jeung Eui‐Bae 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAn embryonic stem cell test (EST) has been developed to evaluate the embryotoxic potential of chemicals with anin vitrosystem. In the present study, novel methods to screen toxic chemicals during the developmental process were evaluated using undifferentiated human embryonic stem (hES) cells. By using surface marker antigens (SSEA‐4, TRA‐1‐60 and TRA‐1‐81), we confirmed undifferentiated conditions of the used hES cells by immunocytochemistry. We assessed the developmental toxicity of embryotoxic chemicals, 5‐fluorouracil, indomethacin and non‐embryotoxic penicillin G in different concentrations for up to 7 days. While expressions of the surface markers were not significantly affected, the embryotoxic chemicals influenced their response to pluripotent ES cell markers, such as OCT‐4, NANOG, endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2), teratocarcinoma‐derived growth factor 1 (TDGF1), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Most of the pluripotent ES cell markers were down‐regulated in a dose‐dependent manner after treatment with embryotoxic chemicals. After treatment with 5‐fluorouracil, indomethacin and penicillin G, we observed a remarkable convergence in the degree of up‐regulation of development, cell cycle and apoptosis‐related genes by gene expression profiles using an Affymetrix GeneChips. Taken together, these results suggest that embryotoxic chemicals have cytotoxic effects, and modulate the expression of ES cell markers as well as development‐, cell cycle‐ and apoptosis‐related genes that have pivotal roles in undifferentiated hES cells. Therefore, we suggest that hES cells may be useful for testing the toxic effects of chemicals that could impact the embryonic developmental stage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Claw‐Free Graphs, Skeletal Graphs, and a Stronger Conjecture on ω, Δ, and χ
Authors: King Andrew D. , Reed Bruce A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe second author's (B.A.R.) ω, Δ, χ conjecture proposes that every graph satisfies . In this article, we prove that the conjecture holds for all claw‐free graphs. Our approach uses the structure theorem of Chudnovsky and Seymour. Along the way, we discuss a stronger local conjecture, and prove that it holds for claw‐free graphs with a three‐colorable complement. To prove our results, we introduce a very useful χ‐preserving reduction on homogeneous pairs of cliques, and thus restrict our view to so‐called skeletal graphs.
Uterine epithelial cell changes during pregnancy in a marsupial (Sminthopsis crassicaudata; Dasyuridae)
Authors: Laird Melanie K. , Thompson Michael B. , Murphy Christopher R. , McAllan Bronwyn M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFormation of a placenta requires intimate contact between the embryonic and maternal uterine epithelia in early pregnancy. Contact is accompanied by a characteristic suite of changes to the plasma membranes of uterine epithelial cells, termed the plasma membrane transformation. The plasma membrane transformation occurs in eutherian mammals and in viviparous (live‐bearing) squamate reptiles, and may be fundamental to the evolution of viviparity in amniotes. Marsupials provide an excellent opportunity to test the generality of this phenomenon. Here, we present the first detailed study of the plasma membrane transformation in a marsupial. We combine electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to describe morphological and molecular features of uterine epithelial cells during pregnancy in the fat‐tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata; Dasyuridae). Cell morphology changes dramatically in S. crassicaudata during pregnancy. Apical microvilli are replaced by irregular blunt projections, then by spiky projections postimplantation. Cell surfaces flatten and ciliated cells are lost. Junctional complexes between adjacent cells increase in depth, then decrease just before implantation, which is consistent with junctional protein localization in this region of the cell membrane. The uterine cellular changes in S. crassicaudata are consistent with a plasma membrane transformation, and support the idea that this phenomenon is fundamental to the evolution of viviparity in amniote vertebrates. J. Morphol. 275:1081–1092, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can managers compensate for coyote predation of white‐tailed deer?
Authors: Robinson Kelly F. , Diefenbach Duane R. , Fuller Angela K. , Hurst Jeremy E. , Rosenberry Christopher S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTMany studies have documented that coyotes (Canis latrans) are the greatest source of natural mortality for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) neonates (<3 months old). With the range expansion of coyotes eastward in North America, many stakeholders are concerned that coyote predation may be affecting deer populations adversely. We hypothesized that declines in neonate survival, perhaps caused by increasing coyote predation, could be offset by adjusting or eliminating antlerless harvest allocations. We used a stochastic, age‐based population simulation model to evaluate combinations of low neonate survival rates, severe winters, and low adult deer survival rates to determine the effectiveness of reduced antlerless harvest at stabilizing deer populations. We found that even in regions with high winter mortality, reduced antlerless harvest rates could stabilize deer populations with recruitment and survival rates reported in the literature. When neonate survival rates were low (25%) and yearling and adult female survival rates were reduced by 10%, elimination of antlerless harvests failed to stabilize populations. Our results suggest increased deer mortality from coyotes can be addressed through reduced hunting harvest of adult female deer in most circumstances throughout eastern North America. However, specific knowledge of adult female survival rates is important for making management decisions in areas where both neonate and adult survival may be affected by predation and other mortality factors. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Genetic structure of brown and Iberian hare populations in northern Iberia: Implications for conservation of genetic diversity
Authors: Sanz‐Martín María J. , Estonba Andone , Manzano Carmen , Iriondo Mikel , Pérez‐Suárez Gonzalo , Fernández Alfonso , Palacios Fernando 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTHares in the northern Iberian Peninsula have been managed by local authorities primarily as a game species for hunting. Over the last 4 decades, populations have been restocked by means of translocation from other regions. We examined the genetic structure of wild populations of 2 species living in the northern Iberian Peninsula: the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and the Iberian hare (L. granatensis) to assess their genetic uniqueness and distinctiveness, and thus determine if these populations have been altered by anthropogenic translocations. We analyzed 215 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 6 microsatellite markers in 157 individuals from northern Iberia. We detected 3 distinct mtDNA types in L. europaeus (timidus, granatensis, and europaeus mtDNA lineages) and 2 mtDNA types in L. granatensis, (timidus and granatensis lineages). The high and homogeneous prevalence of a north European timidus mtDNA lineage in both L. europaeus and L. granatensis may be the result of an ancient introgression during the last glacial period. The homogeneous distribution of the granatensis mtDNA lineage in L. europaeus may also be the result of gene flow between species in a contact zone. In contrast, both the low prevalence of the europaeus mtDNA lineage and its highly localized presence in the center of Guipúzcoa are strongly indicative of the recent incorporation of non‐Iberian L. europaeus into the local population. The data derived from microsatellite markers revealed that L. europaeus populations from the center of Guipúzcoa had a much higher assignment probability to eastern European populations than the rest of northern Iberian populations, which presented high assignment probabilities to the populations from protected areas of Cantabria and Huesca. Strict adherence to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria strongly suggests that these translocations may not be beneficial, in that they compromise the genetic integrity of the native population of L. europaeus in the northern Iberian Peninsula. For this reason, we strongly recommend 1) translocations of L. europaeus individuals from non‐Iberian populations into Iberian populations be avoided; 2) restocking the center of Guipúzcoa with autochthonous L. europaeus individuals; 3) carrying out periodic genetic surveys of L. europaeus throughout the study area; and 4) increasing our knowledge of the genetic structure of L. granatensis under natural conditions. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Smad3: An emerging target for vocal fold fibrosis
Authors: Paul Benjamin C. , Rafii Benjamin Y. , Gandonu Sonate , Bing Renjie , Born Hayley , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the efficacy of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Smad3 to mediate fibroplasia in vitro, to investigate the temporal regulation of Smad3 following vocal fold (VF) injury, and to determine the local and distal effects of Smad3 siRNA VF injection.Study DesignIn vitro and in vivo.MethodsIn vitro, Smad3 regulation was examined at both the level of transcription and translation in a human VF cell line in response to Smad3 siRNA ± transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). Collagen transcription was also examined. In vivo, Smad3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was quantified as a function of time following rabbit VF injury. Also, the effects of injected Smad3 siRNA were assessed at local and distal sites.ResultsSmad3 siRNA knocked down Smad3 transcription and translation and limited TGF‐β‐mediated collagen mRNA expression with minimal cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo, Smad3 mRNA increased 1 day following VF injury and remained elevated through day 7. Smad3 siRNA injection into the uninjured vocal fold had no local or distant effect on Smad3 mRNA at multiple organ sites.ConclusionsThese data provide a foundation for further investigation regarding the development of novel RNA‐based therapeutics for the VF, specifically locally delivered siRNA for challenging fibrotic conditions of the VF.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope 124:2327–2331, 2014
4,5‐Ethylene‐2,7‐Carbazole‐Based Medium‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymers with Low‐Lying HOMO Levels Toward Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Sun Jiangman , Zhu Yongxiang , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Chen , Chen Junwu , Chen Hongzheng , Cao Yong 
Published: April 2014

Three medium‐bandgap polymers based on a 4,5‐ethylene‐2,7‐dithienyl carbazole as the electron‐donating unit and different 5,6‐dialkoxy‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazoles as the electron‐accepting units, are synthesized as polymer donors for photovoltaic applications. The three copolymers possess highest occupied molecular oribital (HOMO) levels around −5.47 eV and medium bandgaps of about 1.94 eV. The solar cells with polymer:[6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) = 1:4 as the active layer, show an especially high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.95 V and attain good power conversion efficiency up to 5.91%. The hole mobilities of the active layer films, measured by space‐charge‐limited current (SCLC), are up to 3.5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Given the favorable medium bandgaps, low‐lying HOMO levels, and good hole mobilities, these copolymers are promising candidates for the construction of a highly efficient front cell to harvest the shorter wavelength band of the solar radiation in a tandem solar cell with high Voc.
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Fearful thinking predicts hypervigilance towards pain‐related stimuli in patients with chronic pain
Authors: He Chun‐Hong , Yu Feng , Jiang Zhao‐Cai , Wang Jin‐Yan , Luo Fei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCognitive impairment plays a role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Patients with painful disorders are reported to show attentional biases toward pain‐related information. However, these findings are controversial and rarely has any study examined whether chronic pain patients have attentional biases to pain‐related conditioned stimuli (CS). In this study, 21 patients diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were recruited from the neurosurgical department of a large urban general hospital. Sixteen family members and 21 pain‐free volunteers were included as two separate control groups. Pain ratings, pain‐related anxiety, general anxiety, and depression were measured in all subjects using questionnaires. Two dot probe tests were performed, one which used pictures of painful versus neutral faces as cues, and another that presented three types of CS as cues that predicted certain, uncertain, or no pain. Our results demonstrated that the TN patients showed attentional biases towards painful faces and the CSs that signaled uncertain pain. Moreover, the ratings of negative emotion about their pain conditions correlated significantly with the presence of attentional biases. The patients' close family members, however, displayed biases towards uncertain‐pain CS. This study demonstrates that patients with chronic pain have increased attention towards pain‐related information and that the fearful thinking about pain was positively correlated with this phenomenon.
Natural Antimicrobial – Containing EVOH Coatings on PP and PET Films: Functional and Active Property Characterization
Authors: Cerisuelo Josep Pasqual , Gavara Rafael , Hernández‐Muñoz Pilar 
Published: April 2014

Natural antimicrobials are currently being tested by many researchers for active packaging applications as a response to consumer demands for safer food products. In previous work, several packaging materials consisting of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)‐coated polypropylene (PP) films containing essential oils or their constituents as active agents were successfully developed and tested for antimicrobial activity. In this work, selected films from those materials, namely EVOH coatings with carvacrol, citral, marjoram essential oil, or cinnamon bark essential oil, on PP and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, were subjected to diverse physicochemical analyses in order to assess their suitability for food packaging applications. Concretely, the investigated properties were the stability of EVOH coatings on PP and PET substrates, the retainability of EVOH matrices for active compounds, the mechanical, optical, surface and barrier properties of the final active films and the effects of a matrix modification based on the addition of bentonite nanoclay on the performance of PP/EVOH active packages studied in actual working conditions.Results showed that the application of corona discharge followed by a polyethyleneimine‐based primer was the best anchorage treatment available to stabilize EVOH coatings on PP and PET substrates. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the retention of active agents into EVOH matrices ranged from low to moderate, depending on the embedded substance, and that their presence into an EVOH coating in the final multilayer films did not noticeably affect their mechanical, optical or barrier properties, although it considerably improved their wettability. They also indicated that the inclusion of bentonite nanoparticles into their carrier layers substantially enhanced the performance of the final packages, while maintaining or slightly improving their other physical properties. Hence, as a conclusion, all the assayed multilayer films were considered perfectly valid for food packaging applications, and the incorporation of bentonite nanoclay to their carrier layers was also highly recommended. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The block planning approach for continuous time-based dynamic lot sizing and scheduling
Authors: Günther Hans-Otto 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper calls for a change in paradigm in lot sizing and scheduling. Traditionally, a discrete time scale is chosen to model lot sizing and scheduling. As an alternative, the so-called block planning concept is proposed which is based on a continuous representation of time. A mixed-integer linear optimization model is presented that determines the size and the time phasing of the individual production lots in a single-stage production system under the objective of minimizing the makespan. The modelling approach presented here assumes the grouping of product variants into setup families and the production of product variants within a family in a pre-defined sequence. Numerical results demonstrate the practicability of this approach under experimental conditions which reflect typical settings from a leading company in the European beverage industry.
An Analysis of Mass Casualty Incidents in the Setting of Mass Gatherings and Special Events
Authors: Turris Sheila A. , Lund Adam , Bowles Ronald R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesMass gatherings (MGs) and special events typically involve large numbers of people in unfamiliar settings, potentially creating unpredictable situations. To assess the information available to guide emergency services and onsite medical teams in planning and preparing for potential mass casualty incidents (MCIs), we analyzed the literature for the past 30 years.MethodsA search of the literature for MCIs at MGs from 1982 to 2012 was conducted and analyzed.ResultsOf the 290 MCIs included in this study, the most frequently reported mechanism of injury involved the movement of people under crowded conditions (162; 55.9%), followed by special hazards (eg, airplane crashes, pyrotechnic displays, car crashes, boat collisions: 57; 19.6%), structural failures (eg, building code violations, balcony collapses: 38; 13.1%), deliberate events (26; 9%), and toxic exposures (7; 2.4%). Incidents occurred in Asia (71; 24%), Europe (69; 24%), Africa (48; 17%), North America (48; 27%), South America (27; 9%), the Middle East (25; 9%), and Australasia (2; 1%). A minimum of 12 877 deaths and 27 184 injuries resulted.ConclusionsBased on our findings, we recommend that a centralized database be created. With this database, researchers can further develop evidence to guide prevention efforts and mitigate the effects of MCIs during MGs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-7)
CONCEALED PLEASURE: LUCRETIUS, DE RERUM NATURA 3.237–42
Authors: Shearin W.H. 
Published: April 2014

As they appear in E.J. Kenney's Cambridge edition, these lines are:iam triplex animi est igitur natura reperta,nec tamen haec sat sunt ad sensum cuncta creandum,nil horum quoniam recipit mens posse crearesensiferos motus et mens quaecumque volutat. 240quarta quoque his igitur quaedam natura necessestadtribuatur …
ON THE DATING OF TERPANDER FR. 2
Authors: Metcalf Christopher 
Published: April 2014

Surveying the ancient biography and work of Terpander, Maarit Kivilo has recently referred to an observation by Martin West on fr. 2 Gostoli:
Ἀμφί μοι αὖτις ἄναχθ' ἑκαταβόλον ἀειδέτω φρήν
Following parallels in Simonides, Pindar and Aeschylus, West would locate Terpander's use of φρήν in the fifth century b.c. While Kivilo realizes that this observation has serious implications for her attribution of fr. 2 to Terpander, whom she places in the early to mid seventh century, she does not make her own position clear. Other recent contributions by Antonia Gostoli, Alexander Beecroft, Luana Quatrocelli, Carlo Brillante and Timothy Power have not taken up the issue at all. Kivilo's study therefore presents an opportunity to revisit this fragment. While I would not venture to suggest a date, I do hope to show that the particular use of φρήν in fr. 2 does not necessarily point to the fifth century.
Gorenstein Isolated Quotient Singularities Over ℂ
Authors: Stepanov D. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper we review the classification of isolated quotient singularities over the field of complex numbers due to Zassenhaus, Vincent and Wolf. As an application, we describe Gorenstein isolated quotient singularities over ℂ, generalizing a result of Kurano and Nishi.
Central Cohomology Operations and K-Theory
Authors: Gálvez-Carrillo Imma , Whitehouse Sarah 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFor stable degree 0 operations, and also for additive unstable operations of bidegree (0, 0), it is known that the centre of the ring of operations for complex cobordism is isomorphic to the corresponding ring of connective complex K-theory operations. Similarly, the centre of the ring of BP operations is the corresponding ring for the Adams summand of p-local connective complex K-theory. Here we show that, in the additive unstable context, this result holds with BP replaced by BP〈n⌰ for any n. Thus, for all chromatic heights, the only central operations are those coming from K-theory.
Integrating fragmented evidence by network meta-analysis: relative effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gerger H. , Munder T. , Gemperli A. , Nüesch E. , Trelle S. , Jüni P. , Barth J. 
Published: April 2014

Background.To summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Method.We searched bibliographic databases and reference lists of relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses for randomized controlled trials that compared specific psychological interventions for adults with PTSD symptoms either head-to-head or against control interventions using non-specific intervention components, or against wait-list control. Two investigators independently extracted the data and assessed trial characteristics.Results.The analyses included 4190 patients in 66 trials. An initial network meta-analysis showed large effect sizes (ESs) for all specific psychological interventions (ESs between −1.10 and −1.37) and moderate effects of psychological interventions that were used to control for non-specific intervention effects (ESs −0.58 and −0.62). ES differences between various types of specific psychological interventions were absent to small (ES differences between 0.00 and 0.27). Considerable between-trial heterogeneity occurred (τ2 = 0.30). Stratified analyses revealed that trials that adhered to DSM-III/IV criteria for PTSD were associated with larger ESs. However, considerable heterogeneity remained. Heterogeneity was reduced in trials with adequate concealment of allocation and in large-sized trials. We found evidence for small-study bias.Conclusions.Our findings show that patients with a formal diagnosis of PTSD and those with subclinical PTSD symptoms benefit from different psychological interventions. We did not identify any intervention that was consistently superior to other specific psychological interventions. However, the robustness of evidence varies considerably between different psychological interventions for PTSD, with most robust evidence for cognitive behavioral and exposure therapies.
With Criminal Intent? Forgers at Work in Roman London
Authors: Hall Jenny 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOver 800 clay coin moulds, excavated from 85 London Wall in 1988, had been used for casting copies of silver denarii and copper-alloy dupondii and asses which dated from Trajan to Trebonianus Gallus. The discovery of the moulds in the ditch ofLondinium's defensive wall led initially to thoughts that this was the concealment of incriminating evidence, but it is now recognised that counterfeiting coins was rife and perhaps even uncontrollable. The wide variety of moulds made it a complicated task to identify the numbers and types of coins used to make the moulds. This article describes the types of moulds found, examines how the moulds were produced, and discusses the prevalence of coin moulds at differing periods and on differing sites in Roman Britain and on the Continent.