bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non Typical Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Onset in a Child With Salt-Wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Rodofile Federica , Franco Francesca , Buccino Nicoletta , Cogo Paola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are 2 complex endocrine disorders with neighboring genetic loci. We present a case of T1DM onset in a 6-year-old child, already affected by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (salt-wasting CAH) diagnosed at 18 days of age, who was referred to our clinic because of typical symptoms of diabetes despite nondiagnostic fasting blood glucose values. Further analysis revealed elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low C-peptide, and specific autoantibodies suggesting the diagnosis of T1DM. Although he only started with rapid-acting insulin analogue before meals, he presented spontaneous episodes of hypoglycemia just before the morning hydrocortisone dose, due to an underdosed glucocorticoid intake. Based on continuous glycemic monitoring (CGM), his morning dose was increased and given earlier; then we decided to apply an advanced hybrid closed-loop insulin pump to maintain glycemic time in range above 70%. Fasting glucose in CAH patients can be lower due to underdosed glucocorticoid replacement therapy. HbA1c and CGM can help recognize T1DM onset and evaluate the correct dosage of corticosteroid therapy in CAH patients. New studies are needed to understand the therapeutic approach for a more specific treatment in case of coexistence of these diseases.
Resistance to Thyroid Hormone Beta Due to THRB Mutation in a Patient Misdiagnosed With TSH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Liao Wenjun , Waisayanand Nipawan , Fanhchaksai Kanda , Visser W Edward , Meima Marcel E , Wejaphikul Karn 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Elevated concentrations of T3 and T4 concomitant with nonsuppressed TSH are found in both TSH-producing tumors and resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ), posing a diagnostic challenge. We demonstrate here a 54-year-old female who presented with palpitations, goiter, and elevated free T4 with nonsuppressed TSH concentrations (TSH 2.2 mIU/L [normal range, NR 0.27-4.2 mIU/L] and FT4 59.08 pmol/L [NR 12.0-22.0 pmol/L]). Because magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary microadenoma (4 mm), she was diagnosed with TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Pathological reports showed no tumor cells. Subsequent genetic testing revealed a pathogenic variant in the THRB gene resulting in a His435Arg amino acid substitution in the T3 receptor isoform beta 1 (TRβ1), suggestive of RTHβ. In vitro and ex vivo studies revealed that the His435Arg mutated TRβ1 (TRβ1-H435R) completely abolishes the T3-induced transcriptional activation, nuclear receptor corepressor 1 release, steroid receptor coactivator 1 recruitment, and T3-induced thyroid hormone target gene expression, confirming the pathogenicity of this variant. The identification of a pituitary microadenoma in a patient with RTHβ led to a misdiagnosis of a TSH-producing tumor and unnecessary surgery. Genetic testing proved pivotal for an accurate diagnosis, suggesting earlier consideration in similar clinical scenarios.
Supramassive dark objects with neutron star origin
Authors: Vikiaris Michael , Moustakidis Charalambos , Vlasios Petousis  , Veselsky Martin  
Published: August 2024

Till today, the nature of dark matter remains elusive despite all our efforts. This missing matter of the universe has not been observed by the already operating dark matter direct-detection exper- iments, but we can infer its gravitational effects. Galaxies and clusters of galaxies are most likely to contain dark matter trapped to their gravitational field. This leads us to the natural assumption that compact objects might contain dark matter too. Among the compact objects exist in galaxies, neutron stars considered as natural laboratories, where theories can be tested, and observational data can be received. Thus, many models of dark matter they have proposed it’s presence in those stars. By employing the two fluid model, we discovered a stable area in the M-R diagram of a celestial formation consisting of neutron and dark matter that is substantial in size and vast in di- mensions. This formation spans hundreds of kilometers in diameter and possesses a mass equivalent to 100 or more times that of our sun. To elucidate, this entity resembles an enormous celestial body of dark matter, with a neutron star at its core. This implies that a supramassive stellar compact entity can exist without encountering any issues of stability and without undergoing a collapse into a black hole. In any case, the present theoretical prediction can, if combined with corresponding observations, shed light on the existence of dark matter and even more on its basic properties.
Microdosimetric Modelling of Neutron Capture Therapy Effectiveness
Authors: Georgiou Sofia , Kalef-Ezra John , Kalamara Antigoni , Karavasilis Efstratios , Stamatelatos Ion Evangelos 
Published: August 2024

Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using the MCNP 6.1 code to predict the energy deposition at microscopic level in in vitro Neutron Capture Therapy studies. Irradiations with neutron beams of energies from 25 meV to 14.2 MeV of small spherical targets loaded with either 1000 ppm natB (200 ppm 10B) or natGd (156 ppm 157Gd) and located at the center of a small phantom were simulated. ENDF/B-VII.1 and TENDL-2017 libraries, as well as INCL4/ABLA and Bertini models were tested using published experimental data as benchmark, i.e. a spherical proportional counter that simulated a 1 μm in diameter tissue equivalent site irradiated with 13.9 MeV neutrons. The methodology, as developed, was applied to assess the microdistribution spectra to the target in terms of yd(y), yF, yD and the kerma to flux ratio for the prediction of the biological response of in vitro cells irradiations.
Proposta de uma Sequência Didática da Atividade Laboratorial da Queda Livre de um Corpo para Estudantes do Ensino à Distância.
Authors: Machado Natália , Carvalho Paulo , Alan de Oliveira Cruz Frederico 
Published: August 2024

Nos cursos de graduação relacionados com temas de ciências da natureza, como física, química e biologia, as atividades experimentais desempenham um papel essencial na compreensão dos diversos fenómenos apresentados ao longo das disciplinas. Essas atividades são componentes fundamentais presentes nas grades curriculares. Nos cursos ministrados na modalidade de ensino à distância, essas práticas ocorrem num ambiente inicialmente pouco conhecido pelos estudantes, conduzidas geralmente por tutores em horários pré-determinados. Em muitos casos, há limitações que impedem a repetição da atividade, dificultando uma compreensão mais aprofundada do conteúdo abordado. Dentro dessa perspetiva, uma vez que, nos cursos de ensino à distância, as atividades laboratoriais devem ser realizadas presencialmente, torna-se crucial pensar em propostas que preparem os estudantes para essas atividades, utilizando recursos complementares. Neste artigo, propomos uma sequência didática para a atividade experimental de queda livre de um corpo, que incorpora vídeos e simulações. Essa abordagem visa contribuir de maneira eficaz para a construção do conhecimento do estudante, capacitando-o melhor para a realização da atividade prática.
The power of motivational interviewing in healthcare
Authors: Butler Sarah 
Published: August 2024

Sarah Butler outlines the basic principles of MI, highlighting its effectiveness and highlighting the importance of a collaborative and non-judgemental approach in facilitating positive changes in health care. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a pivotal approach in healthcare, utilising collaboration, empathy, and individual empowerment. This article focuses on the foundational principles of MI, focusing on its effectiveness in promoting positive outcomes by acknowledging resistance to force, addressing the elements of positive change, and fostering collaborative relationships. MI recognizes the importance of capability, opportunity, and motivation in achieving sustainable outcomes, highlighting the role of healthcare professionals as guides rather than authoritative figures.
Kinematic alignment recreates femoral trochlear geometry more closely than mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Borukhov Ilya , Ismailidis Petros , Esposito Christina I. , LiArno Sally , Lyon Jenna , McEwen Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate if total knee arthroplasty (TKA) femoral components aligned in either mechanical alignment (MA) or kinematic alignment (KA) are more biomimetic concerning trochlear sulcus orientation and restoration of trochlear height.MethodsBone surfaces from 1,012 CT scans of non-arthritic femora were segmented using a modelling and analytics system. TKA femoral components (Triathlon; Stryker) were virtually implanted in both MA and KA. Trochlear sulcus orientation was assessed by measuring the distal trochlear sulcus angle (DTSA) in native femora and in KA and MA prosthetic femoral components. Trochlear anatomy restoration was evaluated by measuring the differences in medial, lateral, and sulcus trochlear height between native femora and KA and MA prosthetic femoral components.ResultsFemoral components in both MA and KA alignments exhibited a more valgus DTSA compared to native femora. However, DTSA deviation from native was significantly less in KA than in MA (4.8° (SD 2.2°) vs 8.8° (SD 1.8°); p < 0.001). DTSA deviation from native orientation correlated positively with the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) in KA and negatively in MA (r = 0.53, p < 0.001; r = -0.18, p < 0.001). Medial trochlear height was not restored with either MA or KA, with MA resulting in lower medial trochlear height than KA in the proximal 20% of the trochlea. Lateral and sulcus trochlear height was not restored with either alignment in the proximal 80% of the trochlea. At the terminal arc point, KA replicated sulcus and lateral trochlear height, while MA led to over-restoration.ConclusionFemoral components aligned in KA demonstrated greater biomimetic qualities than those in MA regarding trochlear sulcus orientation and trochlear height restoration, particularly in valgus femora. Variability across knees was observed, warranting further research to evaluate the clinical implications of these findings.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(8):817–825.
Functional assessment in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rivera Richard J. , Karasavvidis Theofilos , Pagan Cale , Haffner Rowan , Ast Michael P. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Debbi Eytan M. 
Published: August 2024

AimsConventional patient-reported surveys, used for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), are limited by subjectivity and recall bias. Objective functional evaluation, such as gait analysis, to delineate a patient’s functional capacity and customize surgical interventions, may address these shortcomings. This systematic review endeavours to investigate the application of objective functional assessments in appraising individuals undergoing THA.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied. Eligible studies of THA patients that conducted at least one type of objective functional assessment both pre- and postoperatively were identified through Embase, Medline/PubMed, and Cochrane Central database-searching from inception to 15 September 2023. The assessments included were subgrouped for analysis: gait analysis, motion analysis, wearables, and strength tests.ResultsA total of 130 studies using 15 distinct objective functional assessment methods (FAMs) were identified. The most frequently used method was instrumented gait/motion analysis, followed by the Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUG), 6 minute walk test, timed stair climbing test, and various strength tests. These assessments were characterized by their diagnostic precision and applicability to daily activities. Wearables were frequently used, offering cost-effectiveness and remote monitoring benefits. However, their accuracy and potential discomfort for patients must be considered.ConclusionThe integration of objective functional assessments in THA presents promise as a progress-tracking modality for improving patient outcomes. Gait analysis and the TUG, along with advancing wearable sensor technology, have the potential to enhance patient care, surgical planning, and rehabilitation.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(8):764–774.
Managing more than bones: the psychological impact of a recurrent fracture-related infection
Authors: Walter Nike , Loew Thomas , Hinterberger Thilo , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus 
Published: August 2024

AimsFracture-related infections (FRIs) are a devastating complication of fracture management. However, the impact of FRIs on mental health remains understudied. The aim of this study was a longitudinal evaluation of patients’ psychological state, and expectations for recovery comparing patients with recurrent FRI to those with primary FRI.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted at a level 1 trauma centre from January 2020 to December 2022. In total, 56 patients treated for FRI were enrolled. The ICD-10 symptom rating (ISR) and an expectation questionnaire were assessed at five timepoints: preoperatively, one month postoperatively, and at three, six, and 12 months.ResultsRecurrent FRI cases consistently exceeded the symptom burden threshold (0.60) in ISR scores at all assessment points. The difference between preoperative-assessed total ISR scores and the 12-month follow-up was not significant in either group, with 0.04 for primary FRI (p = 0.807) and 0.01 for recurrent FRI (p = 0.768). While primary FRI patients showed decreased depression scores post surgery, recurrent FRI cases experienced an increase, reaching a peak at 12 months (1.92 vs 0.94; p < 0.001). Anxiety scores rose for both groups after surgery, notably higher in recurrent FRI cases (1.39 vs 1.02; p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with primary FRI reported lower expectations of returning to normal health at three (1.99 vs 1.11; p < 0.001) and 12 months (2.01 vs 1.33; p = 0.006).ConclusionThe findings demonstrate the significant psychological burden experienced by individuals undergoing treatment for FRI, which is more severe in recurrent FRI. Understanding the psychological dimensions of recurrent FRIs is crucial for comprehensive patient care, and underscores the importance of integrating psychological support into the treatment paradigm for such cases.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(7):621–627.
Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections among school-aged children in five districts in Uganda
Authors: Tinkitina Benjamin , Beinamaryo Prudence , Kyarisiima Hilda , Nabatte Betty , Arinaitwe Moses , Mubangizi Alfred , Emerson Paul , M. Sullivan Kristin 
Published: August 2024

Background
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, commonly caused by roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale), were widespread among Ugandan schoolchildren in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Since 2003, the Ugandan Ministry of Health has administered biannual preventive chemotherapy to children aged 1–14 years to control these infections. Twenty years after the program’s inception, there is scant data to show the long-term impact of these national deworming efforts.

Methods
To estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH infections among 10–14-year-old primary school children, school-based, cross-sectional surveys were conducted in November 2023 across five districts (Kamwenge, Sheema, Adjumani, Lamwo, and Zombo). Sixty-five children from five schools per district were selected for inclusion. Fecal egg counts were determined using the Kato-Katz microscopy technique, performed in duplicate by trained laboratory technicians.

Results
The survey findings revealed a high prevalence of any STH infection in Kamwenge District (21.2%, 95% confidence limits (CL): 5.7%, 36.6%), while the remaining four districts exhibited lower prevalences, ranging from 0.4% (95% CL: 0.0%, 1.2%) in Adjumani District to 5.6% (95% CL: 0.0%, 11.4%) in Sheema District. The prevalence of moderate-to-heavy-intensity infections was below 1% across all districts. A. lumbricoides was identified infrequently. Hookworm infections were primarily identified in the western districts of Kamwenge and Sheema, while T. trichiura infections were common only in Kamwenge District. Hookworm and T. trichiura infections were uncommon in the northern districts of Adjumani, Lamwo, and Zombo.

Conclusions
These surveys suggest that morbidity due to STH infections among schoolchildren may be well controlled in these five districts, as evidenced by low moderate-to-heavy-intensity infection prevalence. However, the prevalence of any intensity infection remains elevated in some districts, indicating the need for continued preventive chemotherapy distribution. A reduction from biannual treatment may be warranted in four districts, per World Health Organization recommendations.
Optimizing postprandial glucose prediction through integration of diet and exercise: Leveraging transfer learning with imbalanced patient data
Authors: Hotta Shinji , Kytö Mikko , Koivusalo Saila , Heinonen Seppo , Marttinen Pekka 
Published: August 2024

Background
In recent years, numerous methods have been introduced to predict glucose levels using machine-learning techniques on patients’ daily behavioral and continuous glucose data. Nevertheless, a definitive consensus remains elusive regarding modeling the combined effects of diet and exercise for optimal glucose prediction. A notable challenge is the propensity for observational patient datasets from uncontrolled environments to overfit due to skewed feature distributions of target behaviors; for instance, diabetic patients seldom engage in high-intensity exercise post-meal.

Methods
In this study, we introduce a unique application of Bayesian transfer learning for postprandial glucose prediction using randomized controlled trial (RCT) data. The data comprises a time series of three key variables: continuous glucose levels, exercise expenditure, and carbohydrate intake. For building the optimal model to predict postprandial glucose levels we initially gathered balanced training data from RCTs on healthy participants by randomizing behavioral conditions. Subsequently, we pretrained the model’s parameter distribution using RCT data from the healthy cohort. This pretrained distribution was then adjusted, transferred, and utilized to determine the model parameters for each patient.

Results
The efficacy of the proposed method was appraised using data from 68 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients in uncontrolled settings. The evaluation underscored the enhanced performance attained through our method. Furthermore, when modeling the joint impact of diet and exercise, the synergetic model proved more precise than its additive counterpart.

Conclusion
An innovative application of the transfer-learning utilizing randomized controlled trial data can improve the challenging modeling task of postprandial glucose prediction for GDM patients, integrating both dietary and exercise behaviors. For more accurate prediction, future research should focus on incorporating the long-term effects of exercise and other glycemic-related factors such as stress, sleep.
The impact of an educational intervention on neonatal intensive care unit nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of parental participation in kangaroo mother care
Authors: Abuhammad Sawsan , Karimeh Roaa , Mahadeen Alia 
Published: August 2024

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the education interventions on NICU nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of parental participation in kangaroo mother care (KMC) in NICU.

Method
A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest nonequivalent group design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the education interventions on NICU nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of parental participation in KMC delivered in the neonatal intensive care units at three hospitals. 160 nurses participated in the study, with a division of 80 in the educational group, and 80 in the non-educational group.

Results
The results showed that the educational group was statistically different in knowledge post-intervention (t = -2.819, df = 79, p≤0.001). The pre-intervention mean attitude for the educational group was 19.81 (SD = 4.3). The findings expressed that the educational group was statistically different in attitude in the post-intervention phase (t = -3.66, df = 79, p≤0.001). The results reflect a significant effect in the educational group regarding nurses’ perspectives of parental participation post-intervention (t = 5.496, df = 79, p≤0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings showed that providing nurses with additional education increased their knowledge, improved their attitudes, and enhanced their perceptions of parental support in NICU. Providing staff with an educational intervention about KMC in NICU can enhance nursing knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of parental participation in neonate care in the NICU.
Knowledge of Tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV: A cross-sectional survey in selected regions of Tanzania
Authors: Alexander Felix Christopher , Mshiu Johnson Jeremia , Rushaigo Anelisa Martin , Mgina Erick Josephat , Wiketye Victor Enock , Mtundi Segere Chacha , Haule Sylvia Thomas , Katende Michael Kipenda , Evarist Esther Manka , Kapama Luciana Charles , Shemdoe Aloisia Ibrahim , Makasi Charles Elias , Lolakeha Majaha Melkisedeck , Minja Victor Kenedy , Kimbute Omary Abdallah , Stephen Kunda John , Range Nyagosya Segere , Maokola Werner Meinrad , Ngowi Bernard James , Nyigo Vitus Alberto , Kilale Andrew Martin 
Published: August 2024

Background
Tuberculosis remains a significant global health concern, especially for People Living with HIV, who are at an increased risk of severe TB disease. Despite the availability of TB Preventive Treatment, knowledge gaps persist among People Living with HIV regarding its importance, accessibility, and administration. The study aimed to assess TPT knowledge levels and determinants among People Living with HIV in Tanzania.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to May 2023 in 12 regions of mainland Tanzania. The study included PLHIV aged 18 years and above, receiving HIV care in selected Care and Treatment Centers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were employed for data analysis.

Results
Out of the 391 People Living with HIV interviewed, 71.4% demonstrated adequate Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge. Female participants, those attending urban health facilities, and individuals with longer durations of HIV care exhibited higher Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge levels. However, knowledge disparities persisted based on demographic characteristics such as gender and location of health facilities.

Conclusion
While a considerable portion of People Living with HIV demonstrated adequate higher Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge, addressing gaps among those with lower understanding is crucial. Targeted education campaigns tailored to the needs of People Living with HIV, especially in rural areas and among male populations, are essential. Collaborative efforts between national health programs and community organizations are vital to integrate Tuberculosis preventive treatment awareness effectively into comprehensive HIV care programs, ultimately reducing the burden of Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV and the general population.