bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant action of SMe1EC2, the low-basicity derivative of the pyridoindole stobadine, in cell free chemical models and at cellular level
Authors: Balcerczyk Aneta , Bartosz Grzegorz , Drzewinska Joanna , Piotrowski Łukasz , Pulaski Łukasz , Stefek Milan 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant action of SMe1EC2, the structural analogue of the hexahydropyridoindole antioxidant stobadine. The antiradical activity of SMe1EC2 was found to be higher when compared to stobadine, as determined both in cell-free model systems of AAPH-induced oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and 2´,7´-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate, and in the cellular system of stimulated macrophages RAW264.7. Analysis of proliferation of HUVEC and HUVEC-ST cells revealed absence of cytotoxic effect of SMe1EC2 at concentrations below 100 μM. The antioxidant activity of SMe1EC2, superior to the parent drug stobadine, is accounted for by both the higher intrinsic free radical scavenging action and by the better bioavailability of the low-basicity SMe1EC2 relative to the high-basicity stobadine.
Subordination and superordination results associated with the generalized hypergeometric function
Authors: Magesh Nanjundan , Jothibasu Jagadeesan , Murthy Sami 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In the present investigation, we obtain some subordination and superordination results involving Hadamard products for certain normalized analytic functions in the open unit disk. Relevant connections of the results, which are presented in this paper, with various other known results are also pointed out.
Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joints of a hindlimb in a heifer
Authors: Weidmann E. , Bruderer A. , Nuss K. , Muggli E. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryA two-year-old Braunvieh heifer was presented with a traumatic luxation of the second phalanx of the medial digit and concurrent subluxation of the second phalanx of the lateral digit of the right hindlimb. Closed reduction of both luxations was possible. Surgical arthrodesis was achieved using one narrow 4.5 mm three-hole equine locking compression plate for each joint. Placement of the bone plates resulted in stable arthrodesis of both proximal interphalangeal joints of the right hindlimb but there was persistent residual lameness. The heifer delivered a healthy calf but was slaughtered eight months after surgery because of varus deformity of the contralateral limb. Radio-graphs taken post-mortem revealed pronounced periosteal reactions involving both proximal interphalangeal joints and only partial bony bridging of the joint spaces.
Single Step Test for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dahiya Krishna , Sahu Jyoti 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical disorders found in pregnancy. Clinical recognition of GDM is important because timely intervention by dietary measures or insulin and fetal surveillance can reduce the well described associated maternal and fetal complications. This observational study was done in PGIMS, Rohtak during period from January 2011 to December 2011. Single step test using 75 gm oral glucose was used as screening and diagnostic test for GDM. Fetomaternal outcome was studied in all the subjects. Prevalence of GDM was 7%. In Indian context with a high prevalence of GDM the Universal screening is superior to selective screening in detecting more cases, facilitating early diagnosis and associated with improved pregnancy outcome with appropriate management. Present study concurs with the WHO recommendation of 2 hours 75 gm OGTT as single step procedure for both screening as well as diagnosis of GDM. Hence, we suggest the adaptation of 75 gm glucose single step test for screening and diagnosis of GDM.

How to cite this article
Dahiya K, Sahu J. Single Step Test for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):88-92.
Infrared Coagulation of Benign Erosions of Cervix
Authors: Sortey Kanchan 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Cervical erosion is the commonest problem encountered in gynecological practice. Various methods have been used uptil now to treat benign cervical erosion, such as electrocautery, cryotherapy and laser. All have some advantages and disadvantages. Aim: To evaluate the utility of infrared coagulator in conservative treatment of benign cervical erosions.

Methods and results
This is a study of 1000 cases. Nine hundred and seventy cases (97%) were done on outpatient basis. Healing was much faster and postprocedure discharge was minimal. Out of above cases only 20 (2%) required repeat procedure due to polyp like ectopias. In 30 cases (3%) of cases concomitant endocervical erosion was treated with electrocautery under short GA.

Conclusion
Infrared coagulation is at the moment the best suited method. In this necrosis is not caused by electric current but rather by heat of infrared light energy. This treatment is practically painless, does not require anesthesia and can be performed on outpatient basis. Healing time is short and postprocedure secretions are minimal.

How to cite this article
Sortey K. Infrared Coagulation of Benign Erosions of Cervix. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):104-106.
A Case of Endometriosis in Episiotomy Scar with Anal Sphincter Involvement and Extension into Ischiorectal Fossa
Authors: Kumar Mohan , Ghoshal Soma , Jain Shuchi , Jain Madhu 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Episiotomy scar endometriosis is characterized by presence of endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) and is a rare condition. It may also extend and involve the anal sphincter. The ideal treatment is wide excision to prevent recurrence but it may cause fecal incontinence, if the anal sphincter is involved. We describe here a case with much deeper extension into ischiorectal fossa. She was treated with wide local excision and primary sphincteroplasty. She has remained free of recurrence up to 12 months follow-up.

How to cite this article
Jain S, Ghoshal S, Kumar M, Jain M. A Case of Endometriosis in Episiotomy Scar with Anal Sphincter Involvement and Extension into Ischiorectal Fossa. J South Asian Feder Obst Gyne 2014;6(2):123-125.
Climatological diurnal variation of negative CG lightning peak current over the continental United States
Authors: Chronis T. , Cummins K. , Said R. , Koshak W. , McCaul E. , Williams E. R. , Stano G. T. , Grant M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study provides an 11 year climatology of the diurnal variability of the cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning peak current. The local diurnal variation of peak current for negative polarity CG (−CG) flashes exhibits a highly consistent behavior, with increasing magnitudes between the late night to early morning hours and decreasing magnitudes during the afternoon. Over most regions, an inverse relationship exists between the −CG peak current and the corresponding −CG activity, although specific details can depend on region and time of day. Overall, the diurnal variation of the −CG peak current appears to reflect fundamental differences between morning and afternoon storms, but additional studies are required to clearly identify the primary cause(s).
Projected increases in intensity and frequency of rainfall extremes through a regional climate modeling approach
Authors: Wang Xiuquan , Huang Guohe , Liu Jinliang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGlobal warming is changing the hydrological cycle in multiple ways such as increased cloudiness, latent heat fluxes, and intense precipitation events. How extreme rainfall events will be influenced by the changing climate is becoming one of the most important problems for hydrological risk analysis and engineering design. In this study, a regional climate modeling approach based on the Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies modeling system is proposed for investigating the potential impacts of climate change induced by increased greenhouse gases on the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events in the context of Ontario, Canada. An ensemble of high‐resolution climate projections is first developed under both current and future forcing conditions. Validation of the ensemble simulations is then conducted through comparing the simulated rainfall annual extremes for 1960–1990 to the observed ones. Following that, the rainfall projections for future periods are used to develop projected intensity‐duration‐frequency curves and their plausible changes in 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s for the City of Toronto. The results suggest that intensities of rainfall extreme events versus various durations with different return periods are all likely to increase over time: [5, 17]% in 2030s, [11, 22]% in 2050s, and [25, 50]% in 2080s. Such a consistent increase would lead to an overall uplift in the exceedance values of rainfall intensity of extreme events, implying that intense rainfall events are likely to occur more frequently in the future. In addition, more significant changes in the rainfall intensity are projected for extreme events with longer return periods at all given durations.
Drosophila melanogasterGerm‐line Transformation
Authors: Atkinson Peter W , Michel Kristin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ability to genetically transform and modifyDrosophila melanogasterwas originally made possible through the use of transposable elements (TEs). These proved to be efficient mutagens leading to the generation of many libraries containing TE‐tagged genes and enhancers throughout much of the genome. TEs were also efficient at introducing genes into this insect. A limitation of this technology was the inability to direct where transposons insert in the genome. However, recent advances made with the development of targeting systems based on protein‐based and RNA‐based guidance of endonucleases to specific target sites have provided a solution to this problem. As a consequence, the genetic toolbox of Drosophila geneticists have considerably expanded and will have a dramatic impact on our ability to understand genetic pathways in this insect.Key Concepts:Class II transposable elements form the basis of versatile genetic technology.Homologous recombination technologies have been problematic but progress has been made.Site‐specific recombinases add an additional dimension to the genetic toolbox.Homologous recombination technologies have been problematic but progress has been made.Zinc finger nucleases provide an alternate approach to site‐specificity.TALENs facilitate another approach to directed integration into the genome.CRISPRs will lead to a new generation of approaches to site‐specific medication inDrosophila.
Dam, Carl Peter Henrik
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Danish biochemist Henrik Dam (1895–1976) discovered vitamin K while investigating the cause of why chicks on a fat‐free diet exhibited haemorrhages. In 1935, he concluded that the cause was a new fat‐soluble vitamin, and during the next years he and others studied the chemistry of the vitamin, its role in the coagulation process and its medical uses. In 1944, Dam received the Nobel Prize in medicine for the year 1943. After having stayed 1940–1946 in the United States, he returned to Denmark to take up a position as professor of biochemistry and nutrition science.
From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neurons: Promises and Pitfalls
Authors: Nehme Ralda , Madison Jon M 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons represent a potentially limitless supply of human neurons to model diseases, replace diseased or dysfunctional tissue and to identify novel therapeutics to treat disease. Despite the incredible potential that human stem cell‐derived neurons represent, genetic, cellular and developmental obstacles represent substantial roadblocks to realizing this potential. Current schemes used to generate neurons from pluripotent stem cells rely on incomplete knowledge of human brain development, and often generate heterogeneous and immature neuronal populations. Recent technological advances in synthetic biology, genome engineering and single cell analysis have provided new tools for biologists to advance both our understanding and use of stem cell‐derived neurons. These advances should help overcome the pitfalls of pluripotent stem cells to generate homogeneous, mature neuronal subtypes relevant to disease and to realise the therapeutic promise of human stem cell‐derived neurons.

Key Concepts

The ability to generate pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells now gives researchers unprecedented access to human neurons for disease modelling, cell replacement therapy and high throughput screening.

Our incomplete understanding of human brain development is an obstacle to deriving human neurons
in vitro
that mimic their
in vivo
counterparts.

Current differentiation schemes allow researchers to derive motor neurons, excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the human cortex and other neuronal subtypes.

Subtle differences in the derivation or differentiation of pluripotent stem cells can have profound functional consequences for neurons derived from them.

Genome editing techniques are poised to allow researchers to generate even more useful cellular tools by engineering mutations and reporters into pluripotent stem cells.
Oxidative Gold Catalysis Meets Photochemistry – Synthesis of Benzo[a]fluorenones from Diynes
Authors: Nösel Pascal , Moghimi Setareh , Hendrich Christoph , Haupt Marten , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDiynes bearing one terminal and one triarylmethyl‐substituted alkyne were converted into complex benzofluorenone derivatives via a one‐pot process involving a gold‐catalyzed step followed by a photocyclization/oxidation. In the first step an N‐oxide was used to position‐selectively generate an α‐oxo carbenoid at the terminal alkyne which after a regioselective 1,6‐carbene transfer along the tethered tritylalkyne and a subsequent aryl 1,2‐shift furnished tetraphenylethylene‐like derivatives. These intermediates were successfully transformed to fluorenones via oxidative photocyclization.magnified image
Naturstoffe mit Anti‐Bredt‐ und Brückenkopf‐Doppelbindung
Authors: Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Pouwer Rebecca H. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVor über hundert Jahren begann Professor Julius Bredt seine Forschungskarriere auf dem Gebiet der verbrückten bicyclischen Systeme, die durch ein Brückenkopf‐Alken unter Ringspannung stehen. Seine kritischen Betrachtungen mündeten in der Formulierung dessen, was wir heute als die Bredtsche Regel kennen. Seitdem versuchen Physikochemiker, Theoretiker und Synthesechemiker gleichermaßen, die Grenzen dieses physikalische Phänomens auszuloten, um es besser kennenzulernen. Der Bauplan der Natur sieht durchaus Brückenkopf‐Doppelbindungen nach der Bredtschen Regel vor. In diesem Aufsatz wird erstmals die Anwendung der Bredtschen Regel auf Naturstoffe umfassend erörtert.
Replication protein A prevents promiscuous annealing between short sequence homologies: Implications for genome integrity
Authors: Deng Sarah K. , Chen Huan , Symington Lorraine S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReplication protein A (RPA) is the main eukaryotic single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, having essential roles in all DNA metabolic reactions involving ssDNA. RPA binds ssDNA with high affinity, thereby preventing the formation of secondary structures and protecting ssDNA from the action of nucleases, and directly interacts with other DNA processing proteins. Here, we discuss recent results supporting the idea that one function of RPA is to prevent annealing between short repeats that can lead to chromosome rearrangements by microhomology‐mediated end joining or the formation of hairpin structures that are substrates for structure‐selective nucleases. We suggest that replication fork catastrophe caused by depletion of RPA could result from cleavage of secondary structures by nucleases, and that failure to cleave hairpin structures formed at DNA ends could lead to gene amplification. These studies highlight the important role RPA plays in maintaining genome integrity.
Scaffold Hopping with Virtual Screening from IP3 to a Drug‐Like Partial Agonist of the Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor
Authors: Vasudevan Sridhar R. , Singh Nisha , Churchill Grant C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) is a universal signalling molecule that releases calcium from stores within cells by activating the IP3 receptor. Although chemical tools that modulate the IP3 receptor exist, none is ideal due to trade offs between potency, selectivity and cell permeability, and their chemical properties make them challenging starting points for optimisation. Therefore, to find new leads, we used virtual screening to scaffold hop from IP3 by using the program ROCS to perform a 3D ligand‐based screen of the ZINC database of purchasable compounds. We then used the program FRED to dock the top‐ranking hits into the IP3 binding pocket of the receptor. We tested the 12 highest‐scoring hits in a calcium‐release bioassay and identified SI‐9 as a partial agonist. SI‐9 competed with [3H]IP3 binding, and reduced histamine‐induced calcium signalling in HeLa cells. SI‐9 has a novel 2D scaffold that represents a tractable lead for designing improved IP3 receptor modulators.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Isocyanates
Authors: Khan Ajmal , Xing Juxiang , Zhao Jingming , Kan Yuhe , Zhang Wanbin , Zhang Yong Jian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn efficient method for the enantioselective construction of β‐substituted β‐vinylglycinol derivatives through palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative cycloaddition of vinylethylene carbonates with isocyanates was developed. By using a palladium complex generated in situ from [Pd2(dba)3]⋅CHCl3 (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) and (S)‐Segphos as a catalyst under mild reaction conditions, the process provided 4‐substituted‐4‐vinyloxazolidin‐2‐ones in high yields with a high level of enantioselectivity. The stereochemical outcome of the reaction was explained by DFT calculations and the synthetic utility of the process was demonstrated by the gram‐scale transformation and formal synthesis of MK‐0731 as a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor.
Metallofullerenes Encaging Mixed‐Metal Clusters: Synthesis and Structural Studies of GdxHo3−xN@C80 and GdxLu3−xN@C80
Authors: Zhang Zhuxia , Liu Yang , Han Peide , Zhuang Shengyi , Wang Taishan , Luo Shuchang , Xu Bingshe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMetallofullerenes of GdxHo3−xN@C80 and GdxLu3−xN@C80 encapsulating mixed‐metal nitride clusters were synthesized. Spectroscopic characterization of GdxHo3−xN@C80 and GdxLu3−xN@C80 was employed to reveal their structural and vibrational properties. The structural properties of these species were analyzed by using theoretical calculations. The studies of GdxHo3−xN@C80 and GdxLu3−xN@C80 laid the foundations for these species to be used as multifunctional molecules.
Mutation studies in ascidians: A review
Authors: Crocetta Fabio , Marino Rita , Cirino Paola , Macina Alberto , Staiano Leopoldo , Esposito Rosaria , Pezzotti Maria Rosa , Racioppi Claudia , Toscano Francesco , De Felice Elena , Locascio Annamaria , Ristoratore Filomena , Spagnuolo Antonietta , Zanetti Laura , Branno Margherita , Sordino Paolo 
Published: November 2014

SummaryHistorically, mutations have had a significant impact on the study of developmental processes and phenotypic evolution. Lesions in DNA are created by artificial methods or detected by natural genetic variation. Random mutations are then ascribed to genetic change by direct sequencing or positional cloning. Tunicate species of the ascidian genus Ciona represent nearly fully realized model systems in which gene function can be investigated in depth. Additionally, tunicates are valuable organisms for the study of naturally occurring mutations due to the capability to exploit genetic variation down to the molecular level. Here, we summarize the available information about how mutations are studied in ascidians with examples of insights that have resulted from these applications. We also describe notions and methodologies that might be useful for the implementation of easy and tight procedures for mutations studies in Ciona. genesis 53:160–169, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ZrIV Coordination Polymers Based on a Naturally Occurring Phenolic Derivative
Authors: Cooper Lucy , Guillou Nathalie , Martineau Charlotte , Elkaim Erik , Taulelle Francis , Serre Christian , Devic Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe reactivity under solvothermal conditions of the ZrIV ion with the naturally occurring gallic acid ligand has been evaluated in depth. The study led to the isolation of four microcrystalline hydroxycarboxylate‐based coordination polymers (MIL‐151 to ‐154). Through the use of a combination of solid‐state NMR and high‐resolution X‐ray powder diffraction analyses, the structures of two of these phases (MIL‐153, MIL‐154) were solved. In both cases, the gallol motifs favour the formation of rod‐like inorganic units built up from ZrO8 polyhedra. Although one compound (MIL‐151) was found to be microporous (SBET ≈ 470 m2 g–1), its poor crystallinity prevented comprehensive structural analysis. Nevertheless, a comparison of its physicochemical features with those of the fully characterized solids allows a plausible structural model to be proposed.
Determination of Silver‐Modified Titanium Phosphate Nanoparticles by Voltammetric and Electrocatalytic Methods
Authors: Martín‐Yerga Daniel , Carrasco‐Rodríguez Javier , González‐García María Begoña , García Alonso Francisco Javier , Costa‐García Agustín 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe electrochemical determination of silver‐modified titanium phosphate nanoparticles (Ag‐TiPNPs) was performed using two electrochemical features of this novel kind of nanoparticles. First, a determination using the voltammetric activity of the silver from the Ag‐TiPNPs was carried out. Secondly, the electrocatalytic effect of Ag‐TiPNPs was shown for the first time to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the determination of these nanoparticles was performed by chronoamperometry using this electrocatalysis. Moreover, it was verified that the catalytic effect was due to the electroreduced silver since the unmodified titanium phosphate nanoparticles (TiPNPs) did not exhibit this effect. Detection limits as low as 0.1 and 0.75 ng µL−1 of Ag‐TiPNPs were obtained with the voltammetric and chronoamperometric methods, respectively. 8‐channel screen‐printed electrochemical arrays (8xSPCEs) were employed as transducers to carry out these electrochemical studies, due to its low cost and time saving.