bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transbronchial needle aspiration cytology of endobronchial abnormalities: does it increase the positivity rates of bronchoscopy
Authors: Thapa B , Sapkota R , Shrestha KR , Sayami P , Sayami G 
Published: April 2014

Background: Negative results in bronchoscopic sampling techniques increase costs and delay treatment. We analyzed if addition of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) increases the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy. Materials and Methods: Patients with endobronchial abnormalities in whom a full set of sampling techniques (lavage, TBNA, biopsy and brushing) were done and had a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer by one or more methods were included. The positivity rates of each of the sampling techniques and their various combinations were studied. We compared the positivity rates of bronchoscopy with and without TBNA. We also studied if TBNA was more valuable in any specific type, histology or position of endobronchial abnormalities. Results: The overall positivity rate of TBNA was 56%. It was higher than lavage and brushing but lower than biopsy. The addition of TBNA to the routine combination of sampling tachniques (lavage, biopsy and brushing) increased diagnostic yield from 76% to 86.6%. Contrary to previous reports, the increase in diagnostic yields did not differ significantly between types (exophytic vs submucosal), side or location of the endobronchial lesions. TBNA was found to have a significantly better positivity rates in small cell carcinoma than in non-small cell carcinoma cases. Conclusion: TBNA is a safe sampling technique for endobronchial abnormalities during bronchoscopy. It increases the diagnostic yields of bronchoscopy and this increase seems to be uniform amongst different types, histologies and locations of endobronchial abnormalities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10324 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 565-569
Éduquer les mineurs en milieu carcéral en France
Authors: Bailleau Francis , Milburn Philip 
Published: April 2014

Les Établissements pénitentiaires pour mineurs (EPM) ont été créés en 2002 et ouverts entre 2007 et 2008 en France en vue de favoriser l’éducatif en milieu carcéral. À cette fin, ils réunissent dans ces prisons des services éducatif, scolaire et sanitaire très substantiels. L’article repose sur une recherche menée sur plusieurs EPM et montre leur disparité de fonctionnement malgré un projet commun. Les logiques disciplinaires et sécuritaires prennent une place prééminente qui freine les relations interprofessionnelles et limite l’intervention des services non pénitentiaires. L’entreprise éducative destinée aux mineurs s’en voit fragmentée et ne connaît pas de dynamique adaptée à ce milieu contraint.
Norme professionnelle et légitimité de la violence
Authors: Sorignet Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: April 2014

L’asymétrie des rapports entre chorégraphes-employeurs et danseurs-employés s’inscrit dans des rapports de force symboliques spécifiques à la nécessité pour le chorégraphe de se poser comme « créateur » et aux danseurs de se penser comme interprète. Ce semi-jeu de dupe permet à la production chorégraphique de fonctionner, y compris lorsque la légitimité charismatique du chorégraphe est fragilisée, la dimension économique de la relation de travail se retrouvant alors au premier plan. Ce constat nous conduit à tenir compte des différentes expressions de la violence, y compris lorsqu’elle s’exerce de manière douce avec la coopération même de ceux qui la subissent et ne se mesure qu’après coup par le biais d’un retour réflexif sur la situation de travail.
Écrire pour faire écrire au collège et au lycée : la difficile voie de l'écrit réflexif
Authors: Galluzzo-Dafflon Rosine 
Published: April 2014

La recherche prend appui sur des écrits réalisés en 2011-2012 par cinq étudiantes en 2 ème année d’un master de lettres modernes, qui se préparent à devenir enseignantes de français au collège ou au lycée. Ces productions – qui participent, dans le cadre du contrôle continu, à l’évaluation d’une unité d’enseignement – donnent lieu à divers écrits réflexifs. Ceux-ci témoignent, de la part des étudiantes, des difficultés de plusieurs ordres : discrétion de la prise de parole en « je », tenue d’un propos général, décontextualisé, enveloppement insuffisant entre théorie et pratique, absence de projection dans un avenir de la formation... L’ensemble de ces écrits questionne les modalités selon lesquelles la réflexivité a été sollicitée, la cohérence et la temporalité censées porter la dynamique de la formation. En effet, les conceptions des étudiantes restent implicitement attachées à la fonction transcriptive de l’écriture. L’article propose in fine quelques « inducteurs » de réflexivité, susceptibles de faire émerger les éléments d’un rapport constructif à l’écriture (scolaire), dans le cadre d’un dispositif plus attentif à faire écrire en formation pour former des enseignants de français qui, à leur tour, fassent écrire.
Rédaction d'une séquence explicative par de futurs enseignants de français au secondaire
Authors: Gagnon Odette 
Published: April 2014

Dans le cadre d’une partie de cours portant sur les séquences textuelles, des étudiants de 3 ème et de 4 ème année du baccalauréat en enseignement du français au secondaire québécois ont été invités à rédiger une séquence explicative à partir d’éléments d’information présentés sous forme de graphiques. L’étude s’attache à décrire les séquences produites, en mettant l’accent sur les difficultés rédactionnelles. Au niveau global, quelques maladresses ont été observées (questionnement absent ou inexact), mais la plupart des productions respectent la macrostructure d’une séquence explicative. Au niveau local, toutefois, plusieurs maladresses sont perceptibles, qui touchent tous les aspects de la cohérence. Plusieurs affectent l’aspect référentiel (ambigüité ou absence de référent) ; mais les plus nombreuses et les plus dommageables ont été observées dans l’établissement de la cohérence au niveau évènementiel : des informations essentielles ont été omises, certaines ont été prises en compte mais de façon inexacte, et surtout, certaines relations attendues entre les informations fournies n’ont pas été établies. Les difficultés observées ont permis de dégager quelques éléments de réflexion quant à une intervention didactique appropriée.
Textes d'élèves et d'étudiants : supports et outils de la formation en didactique du français
Authors: Mosquera Santiago , Surian Marc , Gagnon Roxane , Dolz Joaquim 
Published: April 2014

Partie d’un projet de recherche plus large sur les pratiques de formation à l’enseignement de la production écrite dans les institutions de formation primaire et secondaire en Suisse romande, l’étude s’intéresse à l’usage des textes d’élèves et des textes d’étudiants dans les activités de formation. Il s’agit d’évaluer la place de ces textes, leurs caractéristiques (genres textuels), l’usage et le traitement qu’en font les formateurs. Quand et comment ces textes servent-ils de support au discours du formateur ? Pourquoi ? Au terme de l’analyse, il est possible de voir dans quelle mesure les textes d’apprenants deviennent de véritables outils pour la formation.
A case study for measuring Informal Learning in PLEs
Authors: García-Peñalvo Francisco J. , Conde González Miguel , Alier Marc , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo 
Published: April 2014

The technological support for learning and teaching processes is constantly changing. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) applied to education, cause changes that affect the way in which people learn. This application introduces new software systems and solutions to carry out teaching and learning activities. Connected to ICT application, the emergence of Web 2.0 and its use in learning contexts enables an online implementation of the student-centred learning paradigm. In addition, 2.0 trends provide “new” ways to exchange, making easier for informal learning to become patent.
Given this context, open and user-centered learning environments are needed to integrate such kinds of tools and trends and are commonly described as Personal Learning Environments. Such environments coexist with the institutional learning management systems and they should interact and exchange information between them. This interaction would allow the assessment of what happens in the personal environment from the institutional side.
This article describes a solution to make the interoperability possible between these systems. It is based on a set of interoperability scenarios and some components and communication channels. In order to test the solution it is implemented as a proof of concept and the scenarios are validated through several pilot experiences. In this article one of such scenarios and its evaluation experiment is described to conclude that functionalities from the institutional environments and the personal ones can be combined and it is possible to assess what happens in the activities based on them.
ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (APL): COMPARISON BETWEEN CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Authors: Testi Anna Maria , Lococo Francesco 
Published: April 2014

The outcome of adults and children with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) has dramatically changed since the introduction of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy. Based on the results of several multicenter trials, the current recommendations for the treatment of patients with APL include ATRA and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for the induction of remission and for consolidation, and ATRA combined with low-dose chemotherapy for maintenance. This has improved the prognosis of APL by increasing the complete remission (CR) rate, actually > 90%, decreasing the induction deaths and by reducing the relapse rate, leading to cure rates nowadays exceeding 80% considering both adults and children1-9. More recently the combination of ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO) as induction and consolidation therapy has been shown to be at least not inferior and possibly superior to ATRA plus chemotherapy in adult patients with APL conventionally defined as non-high risk (Sanz score)10. Childhood APL has customarily been treated on adult protocols. Data from several trials have shown that the overall outcome in pediatric APL appears similar to that reported for the adult population, however some clinical and therapeutic aspects differ in the two cohorts which require some important considerations and treatment adjustments.
Cranial index of children with normal and abnormal brain development in Sokoto, Nigeria: A comparative study
Authors: Musa Muhammad Awwal , Zagga Abdullahi Daudu , Danfulani Mohammed , Tadros Aziz Abdo , Hamid Ahmed 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: Abnormal brain development due to neurodevelopmental disorders in children has always been an important concern, but yet has to be considered as a significant public health problem, especially in the low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether abnormal brain development in the form of neurodevelopmental disorders causes any deviation in the cranial index of affected children. Materials and Methods: This is a comparative study on the head length, head width, and cranial index of 112 children (72 males and 40 females) diagnosed with at least one abnormal problem in brain development, in the form of a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), in comparison with that of 218 normal growing children without any form of NDD (121 males and 97 females), aged 0-18 years old seen at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, over a period of six months, June to December, 2012. The head length and head width of the children was measured using standard anatomical landmarks and cranial index calculated. The data obtained was entered into the Microsoft excel worksheet and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: The mean Cephalic Index for normal growing children with normal brain development was 79.82 ± 3.35 and that of the children with abnormal brain development was 77.78 ± 2.95 and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be deduced from this present study that the cranial index does not change in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Hyperdense large artery sign in meningitis: A marker of ominous thrombogenic potential of pneumococcus?
Authors: Mojumder Deb Kumar , Toledo John De 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTHyperdensity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) or posterior cerebral artery (PCA) on non-contrast head CT, suggests the presence of a thrombus inside these vessels, often referred to as the “MCA sign” or “PCA sign” respectively. These two signs are classically associated with strokes secondary to cardiovascular etiologies and are only infrequently reported with other types of stroke. Whereas stroke is a recognized complication of pneumococcal meningitis hyperdense large vessel sign (in this case a combination of MCA and PCA) has not been previously reported. We report a case of rapidly progressive pneumococcal meningitis that presented as acute stroke involving large vessels in the vicinity of the circle of Willis in a patient with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in remission for 6 years. This patient had received a week of high dose steroids before admission. Head CT scan on admission showed the presence of hyperdense MCA and PCA signs. The patient rapidly deteriorated and a follow-up head CT revealed diffuse brain edema and increased density in the basal cisterns without evidence of sub arachnoid hemorrhage.Tc99m exametazime brain flow scan showed no intracerebral blood flow both supra and infratentorially. Steptococcus pneumoniae, NHL cells and high-dose steroid use can upregulate tissue factor synthesis and may have led to a hypercoagulable state via activation of the extrinsic pathway in the large intracerbral arteries.
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus associated with abducens palsy
Authors: Chaker Nibrass , Bouladi Mejda , Chebil Ahmed , Jemmeli Mehdi , Mghaieth Fatma , Matri Leila El 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe extraocular muscle palsies associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) are transient, self-limiting conditions, usually seen in elderly patients. There are different treatment recommendations for paralytic complications, but prognosis has generally reported to be favorable. A 75-year-old male patient presented with diplopia. Clinical history revealed left facial vesicular eruptions and pain treated by oral aciclovir 1 week following symptom onset. On examination, we observed cicatricial lesions with crusts involving left hemiface, a limitation in abduction of the left eye, and a superficial punctuate keratitis (SPK) with decreased visual acuity (4/10). Examination of the right eye was unremarkable. Hess screen test confirmed left six nerve palsy.
Parry-Romberg syndrome with hemimasticatory spasm in pregnancy; A dystonia mimic
Authors: Panda Akhila Kumar , Gopinath Godhavarma , Singh Shaily 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTParry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) with hemimasticatory spasm (HMS) is quite an uncommon overlapping phenomenon which very often mimics jaw closing dystonia. A previously healthy 35-year-old female, during her 5 th month of pregnancy started developing intermittent unilateral painful spasms of jaw while conversation, clinching of teeth, or eating, which led to frequent tongue bites. The spasms were worsened during pregnancy. She used to do certain manoeuvre like sensory tricks in form of touching involved side of the face to relieve the symptoms. Apart from this, she developed progressive hemifacial and hemitongue atrophy. Other medical and neurological examinations were normal. Laboratory investigations as well as neuroimaging were noncontributory. The spasm responded to carbamazepine but hemifacial atrophy persists. To our best knowledge, onset and worsening of this syndrome in pregnancy has not been described earlier which might be correlated either with some hormonal imbalance or some unknown mechanisms.
Epidural hematoma with detachment of the dural sinuses
Authors: Lapadula Gennaro , Federico Caporlingua , Paolini Sergio , Missori Paolo , Domenicucci Maurizio 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTEpidural hematoma (EH) is a neurosurgical emergency that requires early surgical treatment. It is rarely extended bilaterally causing a detachment of the dural sinus or sinuses. The authors present two rare cases of EH with dural sinus detachment and describe how they suspend them. In these cases it is crucial to firmly suspend the dura mater and the dural sinus to the inner skull surface to prevent postoperative rebleeding.
Internet and Video Game Use in Relation to Overweight in Young Adults
Authors: Melchior Maria , Chollet Aude , Fombonne Eric , Surkan Pamela J. , Dray-Spira Rosemary 
Published: April 2014

Purpose. To examine the relationship between interactive media use (Internet and video games) and overweight risk in young adults. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. France (TEMPO study). Subjects. Community sample of 674 young adults aged 22 to 35 in 2009 (response rate to the original mail out: 44.3%). Measures. Data were collected through mail-based questionnaires from study participants in 1999 (juvenile overweight, juvenile TV use) and 2009 (overweight, Internet and video game use, regular physical activity), and from their parents who participated in the GAZEL study from 1989 to 2009 (parental overweight). Analysis. Logistic regression. Results. Participants who engaged in regular video game use (> 1 time/wk) were more likely to be overweight than those who did not (odds ratio [OR] 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–3.42). Adjusting for sex, regular athletic activity, juvenile overweight, juvenile TV use, and parental overweight, the OR associated with video game use decreased but remained statistically significant (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.15–3.28). We found no significant association between Internet use and overweight. Conclusion. Video game use may be a relevant target for interventions aiming to decrease the burden of overweight and associated consequences in young adults.
An Analysis of Clinical Consultation Activities in Clinical Chemistry: Implications for Transformation and Resident Training in Chemical Pathology
Authors: Schmidt Robert L. , Garcia Christopher A. , Panlener Jeanne , Ashwood Edward R. , Jackson Brian R. , Hussong Jerry W. 
Published: April 2014

Context.—Clinical consultation is a key role of pathologists. Many have advocated that pathologists expand their consulting activities to improve laboratory utilization. Although many have suggested that residency programs need to provide experience in clinical consultation, little has been written on the nature of consultation or on the methods of training.Objective.—To characterize the content of consultations and to describe training in consultation in chemical pathology within the residency program at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City.Design.—Retrospective review of the consultation database for the period between July 2011 and July 2012.Results.—Residents performed an average of 159 consultations a month covering 276 topics during the course of a year. Each topic involved 1 or more specific tests. Eighty percent of the topics received fewer than 12 calls. The most common topics involved virus testing (eg, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus). Consultations most often involved test interpretation (53%), selection (38%), and performance characteristics (21%). Twenty-seven percent of consultations involved 2 or more consultation categories (eg, interpretation and performance).Conclusions.—Consultation calls in chemical pathology are widely distributed across topics. Consultations most often involve test interpretation and selection. Methods to assess the effectiveness of consultations and resident teaching should be devised.
Policies and Procedures Related to Testing for Weak D Phenotypes and Administration of Rh Immune Globulin: Results and Recommendations Related to Supplemental Questions in the Comprehensive Transfusion Medicine Survey of the College of American Pathologists
Authors: Sandler S. Gerald , Roseff Susan D. , Domen Ronald E. , Shaz Beth , Gottschall Jerome L. 
Published: April 2014

Context.—Advances in RHD genotyping offer an opportunity to update policies and practices for testing weak D phenotypes and administration of Rh immune globulin to postpartum women.Objectives.—To repeat questions from a 1999 College of American Pathologists proficiency test survey, to evaluate current practices for testing for weak D and administration of Rh immune globulin, and to determine whether there is an opportunity to begin integrating RHD genotyping in laboratory practice.Design.—The College of American Pathologists Transfusion Medicine Resource Committee sent questions from the 1999 survey to laboratories that participated in the 2012 proficiency test survey. The results of the 2012 survey were compared with those from 1999. Results from published RHD genotyping studies were analyzed to determine if RHD genotyping could improve current policies and practices for serological Rh typing.Results.—More than 3100 survey participants responded to the 2012 questions. The most significant finding was a decrease in the number of transfusion services performing a serological weak D test on patients as a strategy to manage those with a weak D as Rh negative (from 58.2% to 19.8%, P &lt; .001). Data from RHD genotyping studies indicate that approximately 95% of women with a serological weak D could be managed safely and more logically as Rh positive.Conclusions.—Selective integration of RHD genotyping policies and practices could improve the accuracy of Rh typing results, reduce unnecessary administration of Rh immune globulin in women with a weak D, and decrease transfusion of Rh-negative red blood cells in most recipients with a serological weak D phenotype.
Auto-Analysis for Ki-67 Indices of Breast Cancer Using Specified Computer Software and a Virtual Microscopy
Authors: Kazuya Kuraoka  , Kiyomi Taniyama  , Miho Tanaka  , Yukari Nakagawa  , Naoko Yasumura  , Tamaki Toda  , Mikie Shitaune  , Akihisa Saito  , Junichi Sakane  , Yoko Kodama  , Toshinao Nishimura  , Nao Morii  , Hirotoshi Takahashi  , Hiroyasu Yamashiro  
Published: April 2014

Ki-67 index is one of important markers that is correlated with chemotherapy response and prognosis of breast cancer patients. However, Ki-67 index is not easily provided and are limited by intra-observer error and potentially subjective decision making. We performed this study to develop an objective auto-analysis system to count Ki-67 indices. A total of185 invasive breast cancer cases were used. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using auto-stainer and MIB-1 antibody. The results were stored digitally by virtual microscopy and auto-analyzed by Genie/Aperio software (Vista, CA, USA). As for Ki-67 indices, a good correlation was observed between direct ocular observations and auto-analysis techniques (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). The index examined by auto-analysis was significantly correlated with nuclear atypia, mitotic counts, and nuclear grade of pT1 breast cancers. Auto-analysis of 5 high power fields was better correlated with nuclear grade than that of whole fields. Further, the Ki-67 index was better correlated with mitotic counts than with nuclear atypia.Auto-analysis can provide results concordant with those obtained by direct ocular observation in a short time. Auto-analysis is more likely to result in an objective observation and provide a means by which to standardize methods for immunohistochemical Ki-67 indices of breast cancer.