bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the ability to produce a defined ‘target pressure’ using the PressCise compression bandage
Authors: Wiklander Kerstin , Andersson Annette Erichsen , Källman Ulrika 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCompression therapy is the cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of leg ulcers related to chronic venous insufficiency. The application of optimal high pressure is essential for a successful outcome, but the literature has reported difficulty applying the intended pressure, even among highly skilled nurses. The PressCise bandage has a novel design, with both longitudinal and horizontal reference points for correct application. In the current experimental study, the results for the general linear model, where the data set is treated optimally, showed that all 95% confidence intervals of the expected values for pressure were, at most, 5 mmHg from the target value of 50 mmHg, independent of the position on the leg and the state of activity. Moreover, even nurses with limited experience were consistently able to reach the targeted pressure goal. Future studies are needed to determine how well the bandage works on legs of different shapes, the optimal way of using the bandage (day only or both day and night) and whether the bandage should be combined with an outer bandage layer. In addition, special attention should be paid to subjective patient experiences in relation to the treatment as pain, discomfort and bulk are factors that can compromise patients' willingness to adhere to the treatment protocol and thereby prolong the healing process.
Characterization of Odor‐Active Compounds in Gabiroba Fruits (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg)
Authors: Ferreira Daniele De Freitas , Garruti Deborah Dos Santos , Barin Juliano Smanioto , Cichoski Alexandre José , Wagner Roger 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHeadspace solid‐phase microextraction was used for isolation of the volatile compounds from gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg) and further quantification by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and identification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O). The odor‐active compounds were evaluated using the Osme technique. Seventy‐nine compounds were identified, from which 39 presented odor activity detected by the judges in GC‐O analysis. The major compounds were (E)‐2‐hexenal, ethanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexanal, ethyl butanoate, hexanoic acid, 1‐hexanol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, linalool, 1‐butanol, methyl acetate and α‐terpineol, but the substances 4‐hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐2(3H)‐furanone, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, an unidentified compound, hexanal, (E,E)‐2,4‐hexadienal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, ethyl hexanoate, γ‐eudesmol, linalool and β‐eudesmol were related to the aroma of this fruit. The green and sweet notes were perceived in high frequency of description and intensity, and they were considered important for the characteristic gabiroba aroma.Practical ApplicationsGabiroba is a native fruit from South America with an intense and pleasant flavor, but there is a few information regarding to its chemical profile of volatile compounds. In this work, the compounds that better represent the gabiroba aroma (odor‐active substances) were determined by olfactometric analysis. This information was crucial for sensory characterization of fruit and could be used as a tool for evaluation of processing and postharvest quality.
Characterization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and prediction of mortality in Asian patients with alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Kim Su Hwan , Kim Byeong Gwan , Kim Won , Oh Sohee , Kim Hwi Young , Jung Yong Jin , Jeong Ji Bong , Kim Ji Won , Lee Kook Lae 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) often accompanies alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics of GIB in AH patients and to identify risk factors for mortality in AH patients with GIB.Methods:Data from 329 patients hospitalized with AH in a single center during 1999–2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with AH were dichotomized into GIB and non‐GIB groups. The GIB group was further divided into portal hypertensive bleeding (PHB) and non‐PHB groups. Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between the groups. Risk factors for mortality were analyzed using Cox regression.Results:Among the 329 AH patients, 132 experienced GIB at admission or during hospitalization. The most common cause of GIB was an esophageal varix. The GIB group had worse survival outcomes than the non‐GIB group (log‐rank test, P = 0.034). The PHB group had worse survival outcomes than the non‐PHB group (log‐rank test, P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, alcohol consumption, ascites, encephalopathy, infection, Maddrey's discriminant function, and the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score independently predicted mortality in the entire AH cohort. The MELD score (hazard ratio, 1.085; 95% confidence interval, 1.052–1.120; P < 0.001) and PHB (hazard ratio, 2.162; 95% confidence interval, 1.021–4.577; P = 0.044) were significant prognosticators for patients with AH and GIB.Conclusions:The presence of PHB and a higher MELD score adversely affected survival in AH patients with GIB. Accordingly, prompt endoscopic examination for exploring the etiologies of GIB may alert physicians to predict the risk of death in AH patients with GIB.
The ear region of earliest known elephant relatives: new light on the ancestral morphotype of proboscideans and afrotherians
Authors: Schmitt Arnaud , Gheerbrant Emmanuel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOne of the last major clades of placental mammals recognized was the Afrotheria, which comprises all main endemic African mammals. This group includes the ungulate‐like paenungulates, and among them the elephant order Proboscidea. Among afrotherians, the petrosal anatomy remains especially poorly known in Proboscidea. We provide here the first comparative CT scan study of the ear region of the two earliest known proboscideans (and paenungulates), Eritherium and Phosphatherium, from the mid Palaeocene and early Eocene of Morocco. It is helpful to characterize the ancestral morphotype of Proboscidea to understand petrosal evolution within proboscideans and afrotherians. The petrosal structure of these two taxa shows several differences. Eritherium is more primitive than Phosphatherium and closer to the basal paenungulate Ocepeia in several traits (inflated tegmen tympani, very deep fossa subarcuata and ossified canal for ramus superior of stapedial artery). Phosphatherium, however, retains plesiomorphies such as a true crus commune secundaria. A cladistic analysis of petrosal traits of Eritherium and Phosphatherium among Proboscidea results in a single tree with a low level of homoplasy in which Eritherium, Phosphatherium and Numidotherium are basal. This contrasts with previous phylogenetic studies showing homoplasy in petrosal evolution among Tethytheria. It suggests that evolutionary modalities of petrosal characters differ with the taxonomic level among Afrotheria: noticeable convergences occurred among the paenungulate orders, whereas little homoplasy seems to have occurred at intra‐ordinal level in orders such as Proboscidea. Most petrosal features of both Eritherium and Phosphatherium are primitive. The ancestral petrosal morphotype of Proboscidea was not specialized but was close to the generalized condition of paenungulates, afrotherians, and even eutherians. This is consistent with cranial and dental characters of Eritherium, suggesting that the ancestral morphotypes of the different paenungulate orders were close to each other. Specializations occurred rapidly after the ordinal radiation of Paenungulata.
Designing quality of care – contributions from parents
Authors: Gustavsson Susanne , Gremyr Ida , Kenne Sarenmalm Elisabeth 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this article was to explore whether current quality dimensions for health care services are sufficient to capture how parents perceive and contribute to quality of health care.BackgroundNew quality improvement initiatives that actively involve patients must be examined with a critical view on established quality dimensions to ensure that these measures support patient involvement.DesignThis paper used a qualitative and descriptive design.MethodsThis paper is based on interviews with parents participating in two experience‐based co‐design projects in a Swedish hospital that included qualitative content analysis of data from 12 parent interviews in paediatric care.ResultsHealth care professionals often overemphasize their own significance for value creation in care processes and underappreciate parents’ ability to influence and contribute to better quality. However, quality is not based solely on how professionals accomplish their task, but is co‐created by health care professionals and parents. Consequently, assessment of quality outcomes also must include parents’ ability and context.ConclusionsThis paper questions current models of quality dimensions in health care, and suggests additional sub‐dimensions, such as family quality and involvement quality.Relevance to clinical practiceThis paper underscores the importance of involving parents in health care improvements with health care professionals to capture as many dimensions of quality as possible.
Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus infection disease burden – volume 3
Authors: Alfaleh F. Z. , Nugrahini N. , Matičič M. , Tolmane I. , Alzaabi M. , Hajarizadeh B. , Valantinas J. , Kim D. Y. , Hunyady B. , Abaalkhail F. , Abbas Z. , Abdou A. , Abourached A. , Al Braiki F. , Al Hosani F. , Al Jaberi K. , Al Khatry M. , Al Mulla M. A. , Al Quraishi H. , Al Rifai A. , Al Serkal Y. , Alam A. , Alashgar H. I. , Alavian S. M. , Alawadhi S. , Al‐Dabal L. , Aldins P. , Alghamdi A. S. , Al‐Hakeem R. , Aljumah A. A. , Almessabi A. , Alqutub A. N. , Alswat K. A. , Altraif I. , Andrea N. , Assiri A. M. , Babatin M. A. , Baqir A. , Barakat M. T. , Bergmann O. M. , Bizri A. R. , Chaudhry A. , Choi M. S. , Diab T. , Djauzi S. , El Hassan E. S. , El Khoury S. , Estes C. , Fakhry S. , Farooqi J. I. , Fridjonsdottir H. , Gani R. A. , Ghafoor Khan A. , Gheorghe L. , Goldis A. , Gottfredsson M. , Gregorcic S. , Gunter J. , Hamid S. , Han K. H. , Hasan I. , Hashim A. , Horvath G. , Husni R. , Jafri W. , Jeruma A. , Jonasson J. G. , Karlsdottir B. , Kim Y. S. , Koutoubi Z. , Lesmana L. A. , Liakina V. , Lim Y. S. , Löve A. , Maimets M. , Makara M. , Malekzadeh R. , Memon M. S. , Merat S. , Mokhbat J. E. , Mourad F. H. , Muljono D. H. , Nawaz A. , Olafsson S. , Priohutomo S. , Qureshi H. , Rassam P. , Razavi H. , Razavi‐Shearer D. , Razavi‐Shearer K. , Rozentale B. , Sadik M. , Saeed K. , Salamat A. , Salupere R. , Sanai F. M. , Sanityoso Sulaiman A. , Sayegh R. A. , Schmelzer J. D. , Sharara A. I. , Sibley A. , Siddiq M. , Siddiqui A. M. , Sigmundsdottir G. , Sigurdardottir B. , Speiciene D. , Sulaiman A. , Sultan M. A. , Taha M. , Tanaka J. , Tarifi H. , Tayyab G. , Ud din M. , Umar M. , Videčnik‐Zorman J. , Yaghi C. , Yunihastuti E. , Yusuf M. A. , Zuberi B. F. , Blach S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: increased treatment efficacy while holding the annual number of treated patients constant and increased treatment efficacy and an increased annual number of treated patients. Increasing levels of diagnosis and treatment, in combination with improved treatment efficacy, were critical for achieving substantial reductions in disease burden. A 90% reduction in total HCV infections within 15 years is feasible in most countries studied, but it required a coordinated effort to introduce harm reduction programmes to reduce new infections, screening to identify those already infected and treatment with high cure rate therapies. This suggests that increased capacity for screening and treatment will be critical in many countries. Birth cohort screening is a helpful tool for maximizing resources. Among European countries, the majority of patients were born between 1940 and 1985. A wider range of birth cohorts was seen in the Middle East and Asia (between 1925 and 1995).
Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries – volume 3
Authors: Liakina V. , Hamid S. , Tanaka J. , Olafsson S. , Sharara A. I. , Alavian S. M. , Gheorghe L. , El Hassan E. S. , Abaalkhail F. , Abbas Z. , Abdou A. , Abourached A. , Al Braiki F. , Al Hosani F. , Al Jaberi K. , Al Khatry M. , Al Mulla M. A. , Al Quraishi H. , Al Rifai A. , Al Serkal Y. , Alam A. , Alashgar H. I. , Alawadhi S. , Al‐Dabal L. , Aldins P. , Alfaleh F. Z. , Alghamdi A. S. , Al‐Hakeem R. , Aljumah A. A. , Almessabi A. , Alqutub A. N. , Alswat K. A. , Altraif I. , Alzaabi M. , Andrea N. , Assiri A. M. , Babatin M. A. , Baqir A. , Barakat M. T. , Bergmann O. M. , Bizri A. R. , Blach S. , Chaudhry A. , Choi M. S. , Diab T. , Djauzi S. , El Khoury S. , Estes C. , Fakhry S. , Farooqi J. I. , Fridjonsdottir H. , Gani R. A. , Ghafoor Khan A. , Goldis A. , Gottfredsson M. , Gregorcic S. , Hajarizadeh B. , Han K. H. , Hasan I. , Hashim A. , Horvath G. , Hunyady B. , Husni R. , Jafri W. , Jeruma A. , Jonasson J.G. , Karlsdottir B. , Kim D. Y. , Kim Y. S. , Koutoubi Z. , Lesmana L. A. , Lim Y. S. , Löve A. , Maimets M. , Makara M. , Malekzadeh R. , Matičič M. , Memon M. S. , Merat S. , Mokhbat J. E. , Mourad F. H. , Muljono D. H. , Nawaz A. , Nugrahini N. , Priohutomo S. , Qureshi H. , Rassam P. , Razavi H. , Razavi‐Shearer D. , Razavi‐Shearer K. , Rozentale B. , Sadik M. , Saeed K. , Salamat A. , Salupere R. , Sanai F. M. , Sanityoso Sulaiman A. , Sayegh R. A. , Schmelzer J. D. , Sibley A. , Siddiq M. , Siddiqui A. M. , Sigmundsdottir G. , Sigurdardottir B. , Speiciene D. , Sulaiman A. , Sultan M. A. , Taha M. , Tarifi H. , Tayyab G. , Tolmane I. , Ud din M. , Umar M. , Valantinas J. , Videčnik‐Zorman J. , Yaghi C. , Yunihastuti E. , Yusuf M. A. , Zuberi B. F. , Gunter J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDetailed, country‐specific epidemiological data are needed to characterize the burden of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection around the world. With new treatment options available, policy makers and public health officials must reconsider national strategies for infection control. In this study of 15 countries, published and unpublished data on HCV prevalence, viraemia, genotype, age and gender distribution, liver transplants and diagnosis and treatment rates were gathered from the literature and validated by expert consensus in each country. Viraemic prevalence in this study ranged from 0.2% in Iran and Lebanon to 4.2% in Pakistan. The largest viraemic populations were in Pakistan (7 001 000 cases) and Indonesia (3 187 000 cases). Injection drug use (IDU) and a historically unsafe blood supply were major risk factors in most countries. Diagnosis, treatment and liver transplant rates varied widely between countries. However, comparison across countries was difficult as the number of cases changes over time. Access to reliable data on measures such as these is critical for the development of future strategies to manage the disease burden.
Neurologic Deficits Including Auditory Loss and Recovery of Function in Horses with Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Aleman M. , Spriet M. , Williams D.C. , Nieto J.E. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundAuditory loss is a common deficit in horses with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO), however, recovery of function is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate neurologic function with emphasis in audition in horses withTHOafter treatment. To describe anatomical alterations of the petrous temporal bone that might result in auditory loss.AnimalsTwenty‐four horses with a clinical diagnosis ofTHO.MethodsProspective study. A brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) study was done as part of the criteria for inclusion in horses with a clinical diagnosis ofTHOfrom the years of 2005 to 2014. Physical and neurologic status andBAERfindings were recorded. Brainstem auditory evoked response variables were compared by using Wilcoxon sign test. Fisher's exact test was also used. Significance was set atP< 0.05.ResultsThe most common signs included auditory loss (100% of horses), vestibular and facial nerve dysfunction (83%), and exposure ulcerative keratitis (71%). Concurrent left laryngeal hemiparesis was observed in 61% of horses through endoscopy. Auditory dysfunction was bilateral in 50% of the cases (complete and partial), and unilateral affecting more commonly the right ear (R = 8, L = 4). Short‐ and long‐term follow‐up revealed persistent auditory loss in all horses based on abnormal response to sound, and further confirmed through aBAERin 8 horses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAuditory dysfunction appears to be a permanent neurologic deficit in horses diagnosed withTHOdespite overall neurologic improvement.
Effects of glomerular filtration rate estimating equations derived from different reference methods on staging and long term mortality risks of chronic kidney disease in a Southeast Asian cohort
Authors: Yamwong Sukit , Kitiyakara Chagriya , Vathesatogkit Prin , Saranburut Krittika , Chittamma Anchalee , Cheepudomwit Sayan , Vanavanan Somlak , Akrawichien Tawatchai , Sritara Piyamitr 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThere are limited data on the risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Southeast Asian populations. Several GFR estimating equations have been developed in diverse Asian populations, but they produce markedly discrepant results. We investigated the impact of Asian equations on the mortality risk of CKD in a Thai cohort during long term follow‐up, and explored the differences between equations grouped according to the reference GFR methods used to develop them.MethodsEmployees of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (n = 3430) were enrolled in a health survey and followed up for 22 years. The risks for all‐cause mortality for each GFR stage classified by CKD‐EPI or different Asian equations were assessed by using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsEquations derived from DTPA clearance (Chinese MDRD, Thai GFR, Singapore CKD‐EPI) produced higher GFR, whereas equations from inulin clearance (Japanese CKD‐EPI, Taiwan MDRD or Taiwan CKD‐EPI) produced lower GFR compared to CKD‐EPI. (Average ΔGFR: inulin, –14.9 vs. DTPA +5.80 mL/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001). CKD prevalence varied widely (0.7 to 24 %) with inulin‐based equations being higher than DTPA‐based. GFR stage concordance was over 80% for equations using similar reference method compared to less than 40% between inulin and DTPA‐based equations. Low GFR (<45) was an independent mortality risk factor when DTPA‐based equations were used, but not when inulin‐based equations were used.ConclusionChronic kidney disease prevalence and prognosis in Thais varied widely depending on the equation used. Differences in the reference GFR methods could be an important cause for the discrepancies between Asian equations.
MicroRNA‐211 causes ganglion cell dysplasia in congenital intestinal atresia via down‐regulation of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Xia Z.‐q. , Ding D.‐k. , Zhang N. , Wang J.‐x. , Yang H.‐y. , Zhang D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in normal brain functions and nervous system diseases. Some evidence have pointed to the dysregulation of miRNAs in congenital intestinal atresia. In this study, we investigated the differential expression of miRNAs and the posttranscriptional regulation of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) by endogenous miRNA in congenital intestinal atresia.MethodsQuantitative real‐time PCR and a Western blot were performed to determine the regulation of miRNA and GDNF in patients with congenital intestinal atresia. The results were verified in rat model of intestinal atresia and bone marrow derived stem cell BMSCs‐derived into intestinal ganglion cells. The effects of miRNA and GDNF on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of isolated intestinal ganglion cells were detected with an 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively.Key ResultsOnly miR‐211 was greatly up‐regulated in the patients with congenital intestinal atresia. The other miRNAs examined showed no change. Overexpression of miR‐211 suppressed the differentiation of BMSCs into intestinal ganglion cells. In retinal ganglion cells (RGC‐5 cells), miR‐211 regulated the expression of GDNF. The MTT and TUNEL assays revealed that miR‐211 overexpression suppressed the cell proliferation of isolated intestinal ganglion cells and that GDNF overexpression reversed the effect of pre‐miR‐211 on cell proliferation and apoptosis.Conclusions & InferencesOur results indicate that overexpression of miR‐211 suppresses the differentiation of BMSCs into intestinal ganglion cells by directly down‐regulating the expression of GDNF. The findings elucidate the role of miRNA in congenital intestinal atresia.
Higher survival drives the success of nitrogen‐fixing trees through succession in Costa Rican rainforests
Authors: Menge Duncan N. L. , Chazdon Robin L. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

Trees capable of symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation (‘N fixers’) are abundant in many tropical forests. In temperate forests, it is well known that N fixers specialize in early‐successional niches, but in tropical forests, successional trends of N‐fixing species are poorly understood.

We used a long‐term census study (1997–2013) of regenerating lowland wet tropical forests in Costa Rica to document successional patterns of N fixers vs non‐fixers, and used an individual‐based model to determine the demographic drivers of these trends.

N fixers increased in relative basal area during succession. In the youngest forests, N fixers grew 2.5 times faster, recruited at a similar rate and were 15 times less likely to die as non‐fixers. As succession proceeded, the growth and survival disparities decreased, whereas N fixer recruitment decreased relative to non‐fixers. According to our individual‐based model, high survival was the dominant driver of the increase in basal area of N fixers.

Our data suggest that N fixers are successful throughout secondary succession in tropical rainforests of north‐east Costa Rica, and that attempts to understand this success should focus on tree survival.
Reduction of MDHAR activity in cherry tomato suppresses growth and yield and MDHAR activity is correlated with sugar levels under high light
Authors: Truffault Vincent , Gest Noé , Garchery Cécile , Florian Alexandra , Fernie Alisdair R. , Gautier Hélène , Stevens Rebecca G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAscorbate is oxidized into the radical monodehydroascorbate (MDHA) through ascorbate oxidase or peroxidase activity or non‐enzymatically by reactive oxygen species. Regeneration of ascorbate from MDHA is ensured by the enzyme MDHA reductase (MDHAR). Previous work has shown that growth processes and yield can be altered by modifying the activity of enzymes that recycle ascorbate; therefore, we have studied similar processes in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersium L.) under‐ or overexpressing MDHAR. Physiological and metabolic characterization of these lines was carried out under different light conditions or by manipulating the source–sink ratio. Independently of the light regime, slower early growth of all organs was observed in MDHAR silenced lines, decreasing final fruit yield. Photosynthesis was altered as was the accumulation of hexoses and sucrose in a light‐dependent manner in plantlets. Sucrose accumulation was also repressed in young fruits and final yield of MDHAR silenced lines showed a stronger decrease under carbon limitation, and the phenotype was partially restored by reducing fruit load. Ascorbate and MDHA appear to be involved in control of growth and sugar metabolism in cherry tomato and the associated enzymes could be potential targets for yield improvement.