bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Employment and Queues for Wage Work: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Contreras Dante , Gillmore Roberto , Puentes Esteban 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSelf‐employment can be considered as either the result of a self‐selection process or a reflection of rigidities and skill mismatch in the labour market or both. We estimate a double selection model where individuals queue for wage work instead of being self‐employed in the first stage, followed by employers selecting from the queue in the second. We find statistical support for the double selection model, implying that some individuals are self‐employed because they cannot find wage work, while other self‐select to be self‐employed. Individuals with higher education are more often chosen as wage workers, and belonging to an ethnic group decreases the likelihood of being chosen. Additionally, earnings equations suggest that high ability individuals perform better in both the wage work and self‐employment sectors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projections of aridity and its regional variability over China in the mid‐21st century
Authors: Yin Yunhe , Ma Danyang , Wu Shaohong , Pan Tao 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe effects of aridity on ecosystems and water cycles are pronounced and have received considerable attention. However, aridity changes due to future warming and its regional variability over China remain uncertain. This paper aims to identify the spatiotemporal variations in aridity and its key influencing factors over China in the mid‐21st century based on five general circulation models (GCMs) and four representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. An aridity index (AI), defined as the ratio of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to precipitation (P), was calculated. We show that the GCM ensemble means are able to reproduce the variation of aridity during the baseline period. Generally, ETo anomalies are consistently positive. Other than for the RCP2.6 low‐emission scenario, precipitation and aridity are both projected to increase. There are pronounced regional differences in aridity changes; i.e. wetter across most of western China and drier across most of eastern China in the mid‐21st century. Negative AI anomalies in western China can be attributed mainly to the projected increase in precipitation. In eastern China, the AI was higher despite positive precipitation anomalies, due mainly to the greater effect of climate change on increasing atmospheric moisture demand. This suggests that evapotranspiration demand should be incorporated into aridity changes under future warming.
Production of novel vinegar having antioxidant and anti‐fatigue activities from Salicornia herbacea L.
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Dong , Lee Ju‐Hye , Jeong Ji‐Hye , Kim Jae‐Yong , Yee Sung‐Tae , Park Seok‐Kyu , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Seo Kwon‐Il 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDSalicornia herbacea L. is a halophyte that grows in salt marshes and contains significant amounts of salts and minerals. Because it is known as a folk medication to treat diseases, various processed products such as powder, globular type of powder, laver and extract have been developed. However, it is difficult to process as a drink because of its high salinity. In the present study, glasswort vinegar (GV) containing high amounts of organic acids and minerals was developed via two‐step fermentation with unpolished rice substrates and investigated its antioxidant and anti‐fatigue activities.RESULTSGV showed various free radical scavenging effects, reducing power, oxidized‐LDL inhibition and superoxide dismutase‐like activities. Compared with the control group (orally administered 7 g kg−1 distilled water), the GV supplementation group showed increased running endurance and had higher glycogen accumulation in liver and muscles of rats exhausted by exercise. Furthermore, the GV‐administered group demonstrated significantly elevated lactate and ATP metabolism, promoting enzyme activities such as muscle creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas serum fatigue biomarkers such as ammonia, lactate and inorganic acid were markedly decreased.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that GV can be used as a functional food for the development of a dietary beverage to alleviate fatigue. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Rice bran protein hydrolysates exhibit strong in vitro α‐amylase, β‐glucosidase and ACE‐inhibition activities
Authors: Uraipong Chatchaporn , Zhao Jian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to systematically examine the in vitro health‐promotion activities of rice bran protein hydrolysates. Rice bran proteins were fractioned into albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin, which were subjected to hydrolysis by four protease preparations, namely Alcalase, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Protamax, and the inhibitory activities of the hydrolysates against α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), were monitored over a hydrolysis period of 240 min. Active peptides in the hydrolysates were isolated by ultra‐filtration and ion‐exchange chromatography and the peptide sequences of the active fractions were identified by LC‐MS/MS.RESULTSHydrolysis of the proteins resulted in significant increases in these bioactivities, which were generally correlated with the degree of protein hydrolysis. In general, the highest bioactivities were found with albumin and glutelin hydrolysates, followed by globulin hydrolysates, while prolamin hydrolysates showed the lowest activities. Of the four enzymes used, Alcalase‐ and Protamax‐catalysed hydrolysates generally had the highest activities while Flavourzyme‐produced hydrolysates had the lowest activity. The MW < 3 kDa fraction of the Alcalase‐catalysed glutelin hydrolysates had the highest β‐glucosidase inhibition activity, which was identified to contain 13 peptides with six to 32 amino acid residues.CONCLUSIONThe α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of albumin and glutelin hydrolysates produced by Alcalase and Protamax were comparable in magnitude to those of the standard anti‐diabetic drug acarbose, and had the potential to be developed into a dietary or nutraceutical supplement for the management of diabetes. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel chelating agents for iron, manganese, zinc, and copper mixed fertilisation in high pH soil‐less cultures
Authors: López‐Rayo Sandra , Nadal Paloma , Lucena Juan J 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies about simultaneous fertilisation with several micronutrients have increased in recent years, as Fe, Mn and Zn deficiencies may appear in the same culture conditions. In fertigation, the replacement of sulfates by synthetic chelates is essential in areas with high pH irrigation water and substrates. Ethylenediamine‐N‐(2‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid)‐N′‐(4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (o,p‐EDDHA) and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) are novel chelating agents whose efficacy in simultaneous fertilisation of Zn, Mn and Cu is unknown. This work evaluates the effectiveness of both ligands compared to traditional ligands (EDTA, HEEDTA and DTPA) applied as micronutrient chelate mixtures to soybean and navy bean plants grown in soil‐less cultures at high pH by analysing the SPAD and micronutrient nutritional status, including the Composition Nutritional Diagnosis (CND) analysis tool.RESULTSThe application of micronutrients using o,p‐EDDHA was more effective in providing Mn and Zn than traditional ligands or sulfates. The application using EDDS increased the Zn nutrition. The results are well correlated with the chemical stability of the formulations.CONCLUSIONThe combined application of Mn and Zn as o,p‐EDDHA chelates can represent a more effective source than traditional chelates in micronutrient fertiliser mixtures in soil‐less cultures at a high pH. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Cathodoluminescence and electron microscopy of red quantum dots used for display applications
Authors: Fern George Robert , Silver Jack , Coe‐Sullivan Seth 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCathodoluminescent imaging of the visible light emitted from quantum dots is reported. The shape and uniformity of individual particles is observed in the scanning transmission electron microscope image, and the image of the particles created from their visible light collected simultaneously is shown. Visible light images of the 13 nm sized particles are reported for clusters of particles. The emission spectrum collected from small clusters of quantum dots is also reported.
Contiguous mutation syndrome in the era of high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Langouët Maéva , Siquier‐Pernet Karine , Sanquer Sylvia , Bole‐Feysot Christine , Nitschke Patrick , Boddaert Nathalie , Munnich Arnold , Mancini Grazia M. S. , Barouki Robert , Amiel Jeanne , Colleaux Laurence 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe investigated two siblings, born to consanguineous parents, with neurological features reminiscent of adaptor protein complex 4 (AP4) deficiency, an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia that progresses to hypertonia and spasticity, severe intellectual disability speech delay, microcephaly, and growth retardation. Yet, both children also presented with early onset obesity. Whole‐exome sequencing identified two homozygous substitutions in two genes 170 kb apart on 7q22.1: a c.1137+1G>T splice mutation in AP4M1 previously described in a familial case of AP4‐deficiency syndrome and the AZGP1 c.595A>T missense variant. Haplotyping analysis indicated a founder effect of the AP4M1 mutation, whereas the AZGP1 mutation arose more recently in our family. AZGP1 encodes an adipokine that stimulate lipolysis in adipocytes and regulates body weight in mice. We propose that the siblings' phenotype results from the combined effects of mutations in both AP4M1 and AZGP1 that account for the neurological signs and the morbid obesity of early onset, respectively. Contiguous gene syndromes are the consequence of loss of two or more adjacent genes sensible to gene dosage and the phenotype reflects a combination of endophenotypes. We propose to broaden this concept to phenotypes resulting from independent mutations in two genetically linked genes causing a contiguous mutation syndrome.
Anthocyanins and their physiologically relevant metabolites alter the expression of IL‐6 and VCAM‐1 in CD40L and oxidized LDL challenged vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Amin Hiren P. , Czank Charles , Raheem Saki , Zhang Qingzhi , Botting Nigel P. , Cassidy Aedín , Kay Colin D. 
Published: March 2015

ScopeIn vitro and in vivo studies suggest that dietary anthocyanins modulate cardiovascular disease risk; however, given anthocyanins extensive metabolism, it is likely that their degradation products and conjugated metabolites are responsible for this reported bioactivity.Methods and resultsHuman vascular endothelial cells were stimulated with either oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40L) and cotreated with cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and 11 of its recently identified metabolites, at 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations. Protein and gene expression of IL‐6 and VCAM‐1 was quantified by ELISA and RT‐qPCR. In oxLDL‐stimulated cells the parent anthocyanin had no effect on IL‐6 production, whereas numerous anthocyanin metabolites significantly reduced IL‐6 protein levels; phase II conjugates of protocatechuic acid produced the greatest effects (>75% reduction, p ≤ 0.05). In CD40L‐stimulated cells the anthocyanin and its phase II metabolites reduced IL‐6 protein production, where protocatechuic acid‐4‐sulfate induced the greatest reduction (>96% reduction, p ≤ 0.03). Similarly, the anthocyanin and its metabolites reduced VCAM‐1 protein production, with ferulic acid producing the greatest effect (>65% reduction, p ≤ 0.04).ConclusionThese novel data provide evidence to suggest that anthocyanin metabolites are bioactive at physiologically relevant concentrations and have the potential to modulate cardiovascular disease progression by altering the expression of inflammatory mediators.
Branched‐chain amino acids modulate the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in female broiler chickens
Authors: Bai Jie , Greene Elizabeth , Li Weifen , Kidd Michael T. , Dridi Sami 
Published: March 2015

ScopeThe effects and roles of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) in hepatic fat metabolism are still unknown.Methods and resultsHere, we used broiler chickens, in which lipogenesis occurs essentially in the liver as in human, to investigate the effects of three levels of BCAAs (control “C,” low “L” and exogenous supplemented diet “L+S”) on growth, carcass traits, immunity, and hepatic fat metabolism. Despite the same productive performance, immunity, and plasma BCAA levels between all groups, low BCAA levels significantly downregulated the hepatic expression of lipogenic genes particularly acetyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα) and stearoyl‐coA desaturase 1 (p = 0.0036 and p = 0.0008, respectively) and upregulated the hepatic expression of mitochondrial β‐oxidation‐ (uncoupling protein and NRF‐1, p < 0.05) and dynamic‐related genes (DNM1, p < 0.05). Concomitant with these changes, low BCAA levels increased the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)αThr172, ACCαSer79, and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1Ser256) and decreased the phosphorylation of mTORSer2481 and P70 S6 kinase Thr389. The mRNA abundance of the transcription factors SREBP1/2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha/beta, and FoxO1 were also increased in the liver of L group compared to the control.ConclusionTogether our data indicate that low BCAA levels inhibit fatty acid synthesis and enhanced fatty acid β‐oxidation in the liver of female broiler chickens and these effects were probably mediated through AMPK‐mTOR‐FoxO1 pathway.
Comprehensive Two‐dimensional Gas Chromatography Time‐of‐flight Mass Spectrometry to Assess the Presence of α,α‐Trehalose and Other Disaccharides in Apple and Peach
Authors: Marsol‐Vall Alexis , Balcells Mercè , Eras Jordi , Canela‐Garayoa Ramon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionCarbohydrates are important constituents in fruits. Among the carbohydrates, disaccharides have rarely been studied in apple and peach. Indeed, the abiotic stress biomarker and preservation agent α,α‐trehalose is a disaccharide.ObjectivesTo establish a comprehensive method based on two‐dimensional gas chromatography combined with time‐of‐flight MS detection (GC × GC–ToF/MS) to analyse the disaccharide composition of apple and peach.MethodsThe sample preparation was based on aqueous‐methanolic extraction of the analytes, followed by oxime formation and trimethylsilylation of the disaccharides. First, three columns were tested with standards on the one‐dimensional system. Next, to perform the sample analysis using GC × GC–MS (which offers significant advantages over conventional GC because it allows higher separation efficiencies), various column configurations were assessed on the two‐dimensional system to obtain enhanced separation and low detection limits. The column sets tested included non‐polar/semi‐polar, semi‐polar/polar and polar/non‐polar.ResultsUsing the method that proved to be more efficient, namely the method developed with the semi‐polar/non‐polar configuration, ten disaccharides were identified, based on analytical standards, retention index and mass spectra. These compounds were quantified in several varieties of apple and peach fruit using the developed GC × GC method and linear curve calibration, resulting in substantial differences among the fruits. However, cultivars within the fruits exhibited no significant differences.ConclusionThe proposed method allowed for the identification and quantification of several disaccharides in apple and peach, including the biomarker α,α‐trehalose. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ablative behavior of high linear chains and its role in the thermal stability of polyethylene: a combined P‐TREF−TGA study
Authors: Kebritchi Abbas , Nekoomansh Mehdi , Mohammadi Fereidoon , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEthylene copolymers contain short chain branches (SCBs) which have great influence on their properties. An ethylene/1‐hexene copolymer distinguished in terms of the number of butyl SCBs was precisely separated based on differences in crystallizability using the preparative temperature‐rising elution fractionation (P‐TREF) method and was then studied via TGA and DSC. A comparison between the results obtained and the literature suggested a short chain branch distribution (SCBD) functionality for a included in the general linear form Tm (°C) = −a(SCBD) × (SCB) + b. P‐TREF−TGA results showed that the highly linear chains acted as ablative layers which could increase the thermal stability and durability of polyethylene in the absence of any mineral additive. Furthermore, the P‐TREF−TGA data displayed an interesting interrelationship between temperature at maximum rate of degradation (Tmax) and the number of butyl SCBs over all the heating rates (10, 25, 50 and 100 °C min‐1). The role of the number of butyl SCBs in thermal degradation was exhausted by higher heating rates, whereas the ablation capability was enhanced. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the activation energy dropped on increase in butyl branch content within the backbone. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of 4‐fluorophenyl pendants in thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐based polymers on the performance of photovoltaics
Authors: Yamamoto Tomoyuki , Ikai Tomoyuki , Katori Shinji , Kuwabara Takayuki , Maeda Katsuhiro , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Takahashi Kohshin , Kanoh Shigeyoshi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPolymers consisting of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene units (PTB‐based polymers), either fully or partially containing 4‐fluorophenyl pendants, are synthesized as electron donor materials for inverted‐type polymer solar cells (PSCs). The influence of the 4‐fluorophenyl pendant content on the thermal and optical properties, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the hole mobilities, and photovoltaic performances are investigated. As the 4‐fluorophenyl pendant content increased, the HOMO and LUMO of the polymers were deepened proportionally and the open‐circuit voltages of the PSCs improved. Incorporation of 4‐fluorophenyl pendants into the polymers also affected the crystallinity, orientation, and compatibility with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester in the active layers, leading to nonlinearities in the short‐circuit current densities, and fill factors. The incorporation of an appropriate number of 4‐fluorophenyl pendants enhanced the power conversion efficiencies of the PSC devices from 2.25 to 3.96% for identical device configurations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1586–1593
Simulating the electromagnetic‐thermal treatment of thin aluminium layers for adhesion improvement
Authors: Jildeh Zaid B. , Wagner Torsten , Schöning Michael J. , Pieper Martin 
Published: March 2015

A composite layer material used in packaging industry is made from joining layers of different materials using an adhesive. An important processing step in the production of aluminium‐containing composites is the surface treatment and consequent coating of adhesive material on the aluminium surface. To increase adhesion strength between aluminium layer and the adhesive material, the foil is heat treated. For efficient heating, induction heating was considered as state‐of‐the‐art treatment process. Due to the complexity of the heating process and the unpredictable nature of the heating source, the control of the process is not yet optimised. In this work, a finite element analysis of the process was established and various process parameters were studied. The process was simplified and modelled in 3D. The numerical model contains an air domain, an aluminium layer and a copper coil fitted with a magnetic field concentrating material. The effect of changing the speed of the aluminium foil (or rolling speed) was studied with the change of the coil current. Statistical analysis was used for generating a general control equation of coil current with changing rolling speed.Cross‐sectional diagram of a suggested electromagnetic heating process for thermal treatment of aluminium foil (with boundary approach), which shows magnetic field lines and their direction around a single‐turn induction coil with magnetic flux concentrator.
Magnon contribution to the magnetoresistance of iron nanowires deposited using pulsed electrodeposition
Authors: Sergelius Philip , Montero Moreno Josep M. , Waleczek Martin , Böhnert Tim , Görlitz Detlef , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: March 2015

Iron nanowires with a square cross section are grown by pulsed electrodeposition within a newly developed nanochannel template that allows for easy characterization. Measurements of the magnetoresistance as a function of magnetic field and temperature are performed within a large parameter window allowing for the investigation of the magnonic contribution to the magnetoresistance of electrodeposited iron nanowires. Values for the temperature dependent magnon stiffness D (T) are extracted:D (T) = D0(1 – d1T2) = 365(1 – 4.4 × 10–6 · T2 · K–2) meV Å2.
magnified image(© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tensor sufficient dimension reduction
Authors: Zhong Wenxuan , Xing Xin , Suslick Kenneth 
Published: March 2015

Tensor is a multiway array. With the rapid development of science and technology in the past decades, large amount of tensor observations are routinely collected, processed, and stored in many scientific researches and commercial activities nowadays. The colorimetric sensor array (CSA) data is such an example. Driven by the need to address data analysis challenges that arise in CSA data, we propose a tensor dimension reduction model, a model assuming the nonlinear dependence between a response and a projection of all the tensor predictors. The tensor dimension reduction models are estimated in a sequential iterative fashion. The proposed method is applied to a CSA data collected for 150 pathogenic bacteria coming from 10 bacterial species and 14 bacteria from one control species. Empirical performance demonstrates that our proposed method can greatly improve the sensitivity and specificity of the CSA technique. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:178–184. doi: 10.1002/wics.1350This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Image Data Mining
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Pattern Recognition
Habitat quality from individual‐ and population‐level perspectives and implications for management
Authors: Boves Than J. , Rodewald Amanda D. , Wood Petra B. , Buehler David A. , Larkin Jeffrey L. , Wigley T. Bently , Keyser Patrick D. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTMany wildlife management prescriptions are either implicitly or explicitly designed to improve habitat quality for a focal species, but habitat quality is often difficult to quantify. Depending upon the approach used to define and identify high‐quality habitat, management decisions may differ widely. Although individual‐level measures of habitat quality based on per capita reproduction (e.g., average nesting success, number of young produced per pair) are most common in the literature, they may not align with population‐level measures that reflect number of young produced within a defined area. Using data on the cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea) collected in the Cumberland Mountains (Tennessee, USA; 2008–2010) as an example, we illustrate how lack of concordance between individual‐ and population‐level measures of habitat quality can have real‐world management implications. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.