bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grundfragen und Entwicklungspotentiale der ökonomischen Analyse sozialer Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Neumärker K. J. Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with problems economists face in formulating a pure economic theory of justice. It is shown that constitutional economics as an approach giving opportunity to endogenize equity in an economic calculus, is only of limited use. It is criticized furthermore that economists neglect the basic problern of universalistic versus local justice. They have not contributed much to the problems of (equitable) implementation and enforcement of norms of justice either. Yet some applications cover the full range of social relations (altruistic preferences, faimess of contracts, political fairness, intergenerational equity), and Iead to an interdisciplinary design of research where the findings of other disciplines are integrated in economic research and methodological advantages of economic theory contribute to noneconomic disciplines
Zum ethischen Problem nuklearer Abschreckung heute
Authors: Reuter Hans-Richard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
About forty years ago- in 1959- the »Heidelberger Thesen« were published. In (West) German Protestantism, this document was soon accepted as a basis for peace ethics during the Cold War. After the East-West conflict came to an end, nuclear weapons at first appeared irrelevant. But ultimately this did not prove to be the case. One could therefore assume that the Heidelberg compromise formulae would still be valid. The essay disputes this view, referring to the original document's lack of clarity and also to the current political and strategic situation
» ... nicht mit Gold oder Silber«
Authors: Jähnichen Traugott 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The problematic nature of totalitarian monetary system- in theological terms, the problems which arise when the monetary system is seen as an alternative to God - is weil known. But the presupposition that money is universally dominant has itself tobe reviewed. This article discusses the importance of the monetary system in shaping people's attitude to money, in the functional systems of modern societies, and in the corporate world. lt demonstrates that Christian faith can impose a necessary restriction to the dominance of the monetary system
»Verantwortliche Gesellschaft« - Eine Zukunftsvision ökumenischer Sozialethik?
Authors: Strohm Theodor 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
On the occasion of the 1 001h birthday of Heinz-Dietrich Wendland, it's timetoset one of the key thoughts of his social ethics on the public agenda. He developed the term »responsible society« as »imaginal goal of a future society«. He justified it theologically and made it concrete in social ethics. Theseconnections were brought together and tested in regard to their relevance today in Theodor Strohm's paper
»Haushaltsgruppe« und »Familie«
Authors: Koch Traugott 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article deals with different kinds of family life and parenthood that have developed. It is pointed out that for their own and their child's sake the parents should regard their relationship as a Iasting commitment, so that a spirit ofreliability, mutual trust and love can grow. The ethical task in this respect is not so much that ofmeeting a mere demand but- since what is demanded for (reliability, commitment) is, in the first place, a gift-tobe truly aware of one's commitment. The article also reflects upon legal aspects and describes the law's task to support and stabilize the relations people undertake by becoming partners and parents
> ... zum Leben ermutigen<
Authors: Thönissen Wolfgang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
During the past years the project of ecumenical social ethics was initiated without the burden of dogmatic questions. Jointpositions in questionsrelevant to society could be formulated without a prior consensus in fundamental controversial theological issues. Consequently the question arises whether the wished and aspired joint proclamation of social ethics of the churches really rests on a consensus in fundamental issues of the Christian faith or whether public pressure and the changed normative situation cover up differences which could prove themselves to be exclusive. There are agreements in three areas: in the understanding ofthe Gospel as foundational, in the biblical teaching ofman being created in the image of God as a fundamental article of theological anthropology and in a joint proclamation of the churches as an ecumenical task. Returning to a biblical perspective a consensus in the ethical demands of the Gospel andin the universal claim of biblical ethics can be established which does not exclude but rather include the differences between the traditional denaminational positions. This consensus can be called a »differentiated consensus« similar to the case of the »Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification«. Thus ecumenical social ethics has been relieved from the pressure of having to fully agree in language, form and contents in all conceivable questions.
Gemeinsame Erklärungen der katholischen und evangelischen Kirche zur Ethik
Authors: Kreß Hartmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The joint declarations of the Protestant and Catholic Churches concerning ethical questions express the ecumenical progress achieved so far. However, the present ecumenical tension is obvious in issues conceming the understanding of the church, doctrine, and freedom of conscience. The Catholic Church has recently laid a greater emphasis on the hierarchical, authoritative and binding character of ecclesiastical doctrine in moral issues as weiL For the Protestant Church and theology however freedom of conscience is fundamental. In spite of these theological differences the significance of joint declarations for the future must be emphasized. The arguments of Catholic and Protestant ethics can complement each other in joint declarations. The joint declarations reach !arger parts of today's society than texts worded by only one Church.
Zur Begründung einer Ethik der Forschung an nicht einwilligungsfähigen Patienten
Authors: Maio Giovanni 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The justification of non-therapeutic research on incapacitated persons isastill unsolved problem, because in this situation, both legitimising factors of research - informed consent and therapeutic benefit - are absent and the question arises as to whether such research is morally justifiable at all. The paperwill ask if there could be arguments for such research. One argument could be that under certain circumstances, an institutionally decreed global renunciation of any type of research on this group of persons could also be illegitimate. Not doing research can do injury to the Principles of Justice because in this manner the needs of a particular group may unjustifiably be ignored. This would aggravate the disadvantaged position of this group in a groundless manner and, in particular, would deprive its members of the basis of self respect Precisely in view of this aspect of Justice non-therapeutic studies on decisionally impaired persans must also be permitted in order to ensure the preservation of basic social goods in regard to these persons.
Kooperation, Konflikt und Anerkennung
Authors: Anzenbacher Arno 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The systematic development of the concept of justice occurs on the basis of human rights. First, this human rights basis is examined in terms of theories of conflict and cooperation. Furthermore, it is investigated whether wisdom suffices as the basis of human rights or whether moral norms are necessary. With the distinguishing of human rights into negative, active and positive rights, distinctions result with respect to the concept of justice, leading to the concepts of a state under the rule of law, democracy and the welfare state, and explaining the concept of socialjustice through exchange, participation, distribution, and procedural faimess. Overcoming the tension between formal rights of freedom and social rights, reference is made to the principles of subsidiarity and democracy. Finally, issues arising with respect to the theory of justice are considered in relation to the problern of globalisation.
Wie der homo oeconomicus vererbt
Authors: Wink Rüdiger 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Despite a long tradition of dealing with problems of optimal intergenerational allocation, economists are rarely integrated into debates about strategies to cope with decisions with long-term effects. Cost-benefitanalyses as typical economic methods to evaluate long-term investment strategies mostly neglect the need for basic normative decisions, e.g. about the definition of future generations and their interests. This paper presents first steps of an institutional economics' framework to overcorne these shortcornings and to improve the opportunities of an integrated interdisciplinary approach.
Capability-Approach und Decent Minimum
Authors: Dabrock Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Facing the impending rationing in health care and consequently necessary priorisation, this article pleads for primarily following the capability approach of justice. The decent minimum of just health care is onentated to the capability of leading a personally responsible life, functioning in its respective society. The capability approach is on the one band semantically justified by considering different ideas of humankind; on the other band, its capability of application is structurally checked by a network of further criteria conceming justice.
Nur eine kurze Epoche
Authors: Roser Traugott 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Academic resistance in Nazi-Germany between 1941 and 1944 gives a rare example of an exceptional cooperation between scholars of economics, law, history an Protestant theology. Leading representatives of the ordo-liberal Freiburg school of eceonomics (W. Eucken, F. Böhm and others) joined forces with theologians to develop concepts for political, social and economic life in post-war Germany by ordinance of >Bekennende Kirche< represented by Dietrich Bonhoeffer. This outstanding example of interdisciplinary thinking proved tobe influential in founding Germany's Social Market System. It stands as a successful, yet singular, way of dialogue between theology and economics.
Glaubensüberzeugungen und säkulare Gründe
Authors: Schmidt Thomas M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
John Rawls' conception of a reasonable pluralism proceeds on the epistemological assumption that it is not possible to set up one specific notion of justice attached to certain beliefs about the nature ofthe person, the purpose and the goal of human life. The liberal position insists on the principle of moral justification, according to which no norm is legitimate unless it can be accepted in principle by all affected persons. According to this view, it is recommended, in public debates where the legitimacy of laws and state actions is being disputed, citizens should confine themselves to the use of religious arguments for which independent, secular reasons can be given. This conception has elicited an array of critical responses from authors of a religious persuasion. Critics point above all to the unequal terms of entry to public debates. But it can be shown in termsofamodest foundationalist epistemology that the required translation of religious beliefs in secular reasons is not an unfair and unjustified charge. Personally justified basic beliefs can be tested in intersubjective and public procedures of reasoning without requiring believers to sacrifice their religious or confessional identity.
Begleitung und Widerspruch
Authors: Müller Denis 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyse and to reconsider the role of theologians in the public sphere, especially within ethic commissions or committees. First, the author discusses origin and structures of the so-called bioethical paradigm. Then, he compares some theoretical models of how this challenge might be met: theological deduction of ethics, autonomy of ethics, and >re-theologisation<. Finally, he proposes four complementary attitudes theologians in ethic committees should adopt: personal or pastoral accompaniment, contradiction, >decentration< or reformulation, and creative reconstruction.
Der technische Imperativ
Authors: Engelhardt K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Current advances of modern medicine, in our diagnostic procedures and therapeutic options, are rapidly progressing. We often concentrate, however, merely on scientific aspects of medical problems rather than including a patient-centred approach and ethical aspects of a disease. Important for a healthy balance between specialism and integrative medicine are those discussed in the article. Suchare a critical appraisal of medical technology, a re-evaluation of patients and their illness, our detailed history-taking and thorough clinical examination and a better understanding and approach to drug diversities. Drug effects and interactions as well as psychosocial aspects of patients and their lives should be fully acknowledged. These themes of daily medical activities (microethics) as mentioned above are suggested tobe further enriched by macroethics at the beginning and end of life.
Der liebe Gott, die Moral und das zweite Pelikanküken
Authors: Huppenbauer Markus 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author examines whether a theology of creation is compatible with environmental ethics or not. He argues that theological perception of nature as creation of God is neither anthropocentric nor biocentric. It is a theological argument he gives for this position: First of all theology of creation is in itself not made to function as a basis of ethics. Its subject is the creativity of God and not human beings as moral agents. On the other side biblical texts do not perceive living beings as beings with an intrinsic value. The author further on argues for a compassionate God which takes suffering on earth seriously. Therefore theological theories of everything, explaining evil and suffering to be compatible with the will of God have to be refused. The article ends with a discussion of the metaphor of >playing God< and concludes that there are no reasonable theological arguments agairrst improving human beings genetically.
Docta ignorantia oder: Die Freiheit des Endlichen
Authors: Dierken Jörg 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The bio-ethical debate on PGD and embryonie stem-cell research is characterized by many paradoxes, regarding the moral status of earliest human life between ›nature‹ and ›subjectivity‹ . The ›conditio humana‹ , however, is not defined by biological features. As a cultural factor, it focuses on the self-realization of the subject in contexts of social acknowledgement. Against this background, the article deals with the anthropological metaphor of the image-of-god and its peculiar character of not being an image. This allows us to explain a ›negative‹ concept of anthropology, analogaus to the dialectical model of ›docta ignorantia‹ . On the one hand, this concept of a human being avoids a definition of its very beginning as coming tagether of ›nature‹ and ›subjectivity‹ , whereas, on the other hand, the absolute dignity of the human is emphasized. By this line of thought some argurnents are clarified, which have arisen in the bioethical debate for and against PGD and stern-cell research.
Fiktion Patientenautonomie?
Authors: Eibach Ulrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Surveys ofpatients (dialysis, general intemal and oncology patients) show that in crisis situations (especially toward the end of life) decisions about their life are primarily left to physicians and relatives. Only few actually have drawn or wish to draw up a living will, and that the trust in physicians and relatives is rnuch more irnportant to thern than any autonomaus self-deterrnination about their life and the type of their treatrnent. So the author points out that a renaissance of an ethics of care is needed, which places the well-being of the ill and dying at the centre of ethical considerations and which constantly attempts to clarify the proper and good goals at which medical treatment and medical care should aim. Such ethics of care is based on relations of trust between the physician and patient which is not possible to establish without confidence-building talks and acquisition and habitualisation of medical and care virtues such as sympathy, goodwill, recognition of limitations of their own abilities, honesty and others. Just plain specialised information about the diagnosis and prognosis, which leaves the »autonomous enlightened« patients alone with their decision is not a sufficient basis for an ethics of care.
Das Subjekt in Recht und Religion
Authors: Koch Traugott 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The right is founded in the freedom of the individual and cannot be considered as something collectively made up. It has no extemal reason. The positive law which enables the public realization of freedom and therefore can be understood as a gift of God is compulsory upon everybody. At the same time it depends on the consent of the individual. There is no right without consciousness of right and so without conscience.
Religionsunterricht als Werteerziehung?
Authors: Dressler Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Instructing values is being increasingly regarded as an educational goal of religious teaching. However, the concept of value, which forms the basis of this opinion, is problematic from a sociological, philosophical and a theological point of view, and is last, but not least from an educational perspective, equally problematic. It is only partially possible to target attitudes and opinions towards values and define them as educationally intended. Attitudes and opinions towards values are more likely side-etlects of the educational process. Religious education should principally differ from concepts such as the school subject »Lebensgestaltung-Ethik-Religionskunde« (LER) in Brandenburg.
Ethische Implikationen der Ökonomisierung in der Medizin
Authors: Eurich Johannes , Brink Alexander , Langer Andreas , Sehröder Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The health care sector is currently in a process of economization which, undoubtedly, has an impact on the relationship of physician and patient. In this article, elements of the new institutional economics are applied to the physician-patient-relationship in the sense of a descriptive heuristics. The authors find out that based on the principal-agent-theory paradoxical action settings ofthe physician (here paradigmatically subsumed under the paradox of billing and the paradox of neutrality) can be located. 1t is necessary for policy makers involved in health care to consider these paradoxes. Furthermore, health literacy of lay persans supported by widespread information technology lessens the information gap between physician and patient which changes their interaction with a Iasting effect. Based on this analysis the authors recommend not only to focus on individual ethics of the physician but rather to consider approaches of institutional ethics and incentive systems
Religion und Familie in Deutschland
Authors: Wolf Christof 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The first two sections of this article describe central developments in the areas of religion and family in Germany. These developments are interpreted as expressions of more general processes of social differentiation and modernization in the third section. The fourth section investigates how many and which children come into contact with church and religion today. It turns out that only a minority of children is introduced to religion. Especially less well-to-do children have little contact to the church. The fifth section deals with the question if different types ofhouseholds differ according to their affiliation to the church. It is shown that church membership, the attendance of services and membership in religious groups in West-Germany are related to the familial character of households.
Umkämpfte Aufmerksamkeit
Authors: Thomas Günter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article enters into the current discussion about an ernerging economy of attention (M.H. Goldhaber, G. Franck). The author rejects the idea of a substitution of a monetary economy by an economy of attention and instead points out the strong connection between the market and human attention which is established by advertising. Basedon the distinction between perceptive and communicative attention, the dynamic of the media system- which attracts and absorbs large quantities of attention by offering audiovisual spaces of perception - is analysed. In addition to this analysis, the place of the church in this cultural situation is examined. As part of a realistic Christian media ethics the author argues in favor of an ecology of attention which would take into account the preservation and development of a dynamic cultural texture, i.e. a sociocultural as well as an individual polyphony of life.
»Schritte auf dem Weg zum Frieden«
Authors: Delbrück Jost 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Basedon several official pronouncements of the leading organs of the German Evangelical Church in the past decade on the ethical and internationallegal implications of the use of force either as collective action under the authority ofthe United Nations or by individual states, the article critically reviews the positions taken by the Church with regard to their consistency over time. In the early 1990s the Council of the German Evangelical Church clearly stated that peaceful means of conflict resolution generally take priority over forceful means. However, in particular circumstances the use of force as ultima ratio cannot be ruled out. Recently, under the impact of the Iraq crisis, the positions taken were less strict. Due to a lack of a clear distinction between (illegal) unilateral uses of force and (legal) enforcement action by the United Nations it remains unclear whether the Church still unequivocally holds on to its earlier ultima ratio stance. The paper argues that in view of the new challenges posed by global terrorism all social and political forces, including the churches, have to support the United Nations as the central institution for the maintenance of international peace and security which- inter aliis- requires the acceptance of the UN's competence to use enforcement measures in cases of grave breaches of peace including massive human rights violations as ethically and legally legitimate, provided the UN itself stays within the Iimits of the law.
Gerechtigkeit und Effizienz – Optionen für eine gerechte internationale Finanzordnung
Authors: Büseher Martin , Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article about a just interntional financial order is centered on the gap between a normative and a scientific-technical perspective. Instruments of financial policy are connected to concepts of economic ethics to give a more differentiated view about the ethical and economic elements in the discussion about regulating international financial markets. The central issue is in relating economic concepts and the implicit value judgements. This frequent antagonism could also be transferred to sectors of tax-, growthor social policies where economic and ethical aspects are juxtaposed.