bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupling the climate walk from the climate talk: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Morrison Leanne J. , Jia Jing , Arora Mitali Panchal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA lack of regulation around greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led Australian companies to employ arbitrary targets for measuring GHG emissions reduction, which are not translating to the level of emissions reduction required to meet global targets. Despite the well accepted urgency of climate change action, there is a gap in literature with no studies discussing the effectiveness of the various targets for measuring GHG emissions to meet global emission reduction goal. Using correlation and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, our study of Australian Stock Exchange listed companies shows that the targets suggested by Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) are the most closely associated with the required emissions reduction. The findings from this study advocate that organisations adopt TCFD recommendations for achieving optimal reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to meet the global targets. Our findings should inform policymakers and practice to align targets to the TCFD recommendations to meet the global emissions reduction commitments and mitigate the most severe impacts of climate change.
Axonal profiling of the common fibular nerve and its branches: Their functional composition and clinical implications
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Cho Tae‐Hyeon , Kim Shin Hyung , Yang Hun‐Mu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe articular branch (Arb) from the common fibular nerve (CFN) plays a pivotal role in procedures such as genicular nerve blocks since it extensively innervates the anterolateral knee joint. It remains unclear whether the Arb can be classified as purely sensory, and understanding its axonal composition is critical to prevent muscle weakness during nerve blocks. We conducted a histological analysis on six cadaveric nerve specimens (four males and two females; mean age at death, 81.3 years old). The axonal composition of the main trunk of the CFN, the deep and superficial fibular nerves (DFN and SFN), and the Arb was verified through double immunofluorescence labeling with antibodies against neurofilament 200 and choline acetyltransferase. We revealed that the DFN contains motor and sensory fascicles that serve the anterior muscular compartment of the leg, including the fibularis longus and the first web space of the foot. Moreover, we showed that the SFN includes a major sensory branch innervating the skin of the lateral leg and the dorsum of the foot and a minor motor branch for the lateral muscular compartment of the leg. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Abr contains a major sensory branch that targets the infrapatellar fat pad, the knee joint, and a minor motor branch innervating the superior part of the anterior muscular compartment of the leg. Thus, our study proves that the Arb is a motor–sensory mixed nerve, suggesting that an Arb block may significantly weaken the anterior leg muscles.
Main pulmonary artery diameter related to pneumonia severity
Authors: Lozano‐Carrillo Luis Carlos , Alvarez‐Lozada Luis Adrian , Fernández‐Reyes Bernardo Alfonso , Rodríguez‐Alanís Karla V. , Montemayor‐Martinez Alberto , de‐la‐Garza‐Castro Oscar , Quiroga‐Garza Alejandro , Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe diameter (mPAD) of the main pulmonary artery (pulmonary artery trunk) is a crucial indicator for cardiovascular health and prognoses in various conditions. Its enlargement is associated with increased mortality and severity in COVID‐19‐related pneumonia. However, its relevance to non‐COVID pneumonia remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to establish an association between mPAD and the severity of non‐COVID pneumonia. Eligible participants with qualified Chest Computed Tomography scans from November 2019 to February 2023 were recruited to a cross‐sectional retrospective study. They were stratified into pneumonia and non‐pneumonia cohorts. Exclusion criteria included pulmonary hypertension, polytrauma, lung neoplasia, or a history of pulmonary stenosis repair. The mPAD was measured in both groups, and medical records were reviewed to identify comorbidities. Pulmonary CT data were classified by pattern and severity, and the mPAD was measured perpendicularly to the long axis of the artery at the point of bifurcation on an axial slice. Analysis of 380 CT scans (52.6% men, 47.4% women; mean age 52.88 ± 17.58) revealed a significant difference in mPAD between pneumonia and non‐pneumonia cases (mean difference: 1.19 mm, 95% CI [0.46, 1.92], p = 0.001). Age correlated positively with mPAD (r = 0.231, 95% CI [0.028, 0.069], p < 0.0001), and this correlation persisted after adjusting for confounders (r = 0.220, 95% CI [0.019, 0.073], p = 0.001). Ordinal logistic regression indicated 1.28 times higher odds of severe pneumonia with a larger diameter. The study highlights associations between mPAD, pneumonia, and severity, suggesting clinical relevance. Furthermore, the mPAD should be carefully considered in defining severity criteria for adverse outcomes in pneumonia patients. Further research is needed to refine clinical criteria on the basis of these findings.
Study of the Enantioselectivity and Recognition Mechanism of Allyl‐β‐CD Modified Organic Polymer Monolithic Capillary Column
Authors: Jia Chaoheng , Li Futao , Li Anqi , Li Qiwen , Huang Lu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAllyl‐β‐CD was synthesized and used as the chiral functional monomer to prepare chiral organic polymer monolithic columns in capillary HPLC. First, the enantioselectivity of the prepared allyl‐β‐CD modified organic polymer monolithic capillary columns was investigated. Then, the influences of enantioseparation conditions of chiral drugs were further explored. Finally, the recognition mechanism was studied by molecular docking with AutoDock. Complete enantioseparations of four chiral drugs as well as partial enantioseparations of eight chiral drugs have been achieved. Results showed that the RSD values for run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day, and column‐to‐column variations ranged from 1.2% to 4.6%, 1.4% to 4.7%, and 2.0% to 6.1%, respectively. The enantioselectivity factor rather than resolution is correlated with the binding free energy difference between enantiomers with allyl‐β‐CD. Furthermore, the abundant ether bonds, hydroxyl groups, and hydrophobic cavities in cyclodextrin are responsible for the enantioseparation ability of the chiral monolithic capillary columns.
Der Geschmack des schwarzen Goldes
Authors: Hübner Karl 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungVanille ist eine der bedeutendsten Geschmacks‐ und Duftnoten in der Welt der Lebensmittel und Parfüms. Die wichtigste Aroma‐Komponente der Vanille‐Schote ist dabei Vanillin. 1874 wurde zum ersten Mal ein chemischer Syntheseweg für diese Substanz patentiert. Bis heute hat die Herstellung von Vanillin große industrielle Bedeutung. Die Syntheserouten haben sich dabei im Laufe von 150 Jahren häufig verändert.
Tailoring neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer: “The advent of a personalized approach”—The Breast‐Gynecological and Immuno‐Oncology International Cancer Conference (BGICC) consensus and recommendations
Authors: Elghazaly Hesham , Azim Hamdy A. , Rugo Hope S. , Cameron David , Swain Sandra M. , Curigliano Giuseppe , Harbeck Nadia , Tripathy Debu , Arun Banu , Aapro Matti , Piccart Martine , Cardoso Fatima , Gligorov Joseph , Elghazawy Hagar , El Saghir Nagi S. , Penault‐Llorca Frederique , Perez Edith A. , Poortmans Philip , Abdelaziz Hany , El‐Zawahry Heba M. , Kassem Loay , Sabry Mohamed , Viale Giuseppe , Al‐Sukhun Sana , Gado Neven , Leung Jessica W. T. , Ezz Elarab Lobna , Cardoso Maria João , Abdel Karim Khaled , Foheidi Meteb , Elmaadawy Merit M. , Conte Pierfranco , Selim Ashraf S. M. , Kandil Alaa , Kamal Rasha M. , Paltuev Ruslan M. , Guarneri Valentina , Abulkhair Omalkhair , Zakaria Omar , Golshan Mehra , Orecchia Roberto , ElMahdy Manal , Abdel‐Aziz Ahmed M. , Eldin Nermean Bahie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe management of early breast cancer (BC) has witnessed an uprise in the use of neoadjuvant therapy and a remarkable reshaping of the systemic therapy postneoadjuvant treatment in the last few years, with the evolution of many controversial clinical situations that require consensus.MethodsDuring the 14th Breast‐Gynecological and Immuno‐Oncology International Cancer Conference held in Egypt in 2022, a panel of 44 BC experts from 13 countries voted on statements concerning debatable challenges in the neo/adjuvant treatment setting. The recommendations were subsequently updated based on the most recent data emerging. A modified Delphi approach was used to develop this consensus. A consensus was achieved when ≥75% of voters selected an answer.Results and ConclusionsThe consensus recommendations addressed different escalation and de‐escalation strategies in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy for early BC. The recommendations recapitulate the available clinical evidence and expert opinion to individualize patient management and optimize therapy outcomes. Consensus was reached in 63% of the statements (52/83), and the rationale behind each statement was clarified.
Encapsulated Atomic Hydrogen in Octamethyl‐POSS Cages: A Pulsed EPR Study
Authors: Mitrikas G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEncapsulated atomic hydrogen in polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages is a promising candidate for spin‐based quantum technologies. Key parameters such as spin relaxation times and magnetic interactions with surrounding electron and nuclear spins can be typically probed with advanced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods. Here we present a detailed pulsed EPR study of the species H@Si8O12R8 with R=CH3, namely encapsulated atomic hydrogen in the octamethyl POSS derivative. The temperature dependence of the spin‐lattice relaxation rate 1/
is analyzed in terms of a Raman process with a Debye temperature of
K and a thermally activated process with
(552 cm−1), whereas, the phase memory time
shows the typical shortening behaviour at
K observed for all methyl‐containing derivatives. The hyperfine coupling of the cage
Si nuclei is measured by hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy and is found to fulfil the so‐called “matching condition” at the low‐field EPR transition. The potential of this paramagnetic molecule to perform one‐qubit quantum operations is probed by room‐temperature Rabi oscillations.
Protocol for the Growth and Maturation of hiPSC‐Derived Kidney Organoids using Mechanically Defined Hydrogels
Authors: Krupa Ivan , Treacy Niall J. , Clerkin Shane , Davis Jessica L. , Miller Aline F. , Saiani Alberto , Wychowaniec Jacek K. , Reynaud Emmanuel G. , Brougham Dermot F. , Crean John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith recent advances in the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), gene editing technologies, and protocols for the directed differentiation of stem cells into heterogeneous tissues, iPSC‐derived kidney organoids have emerged as a useful means to study processes of renal development and disease. Considerable advances guided by knowledge of fundamental renal developmental signaling pathways have been made with the use of exogenous morphogens to generate more robust kidney‐like tissues in vitro. However, both biochemical and biophysical microenvironmental cues are major influences on tissue development and self‐organization. In the context of engineering the biophysical aspects of the microenvironment, the use of hydrogel extracellular scaffolds for organoid studies has been gaining interest. Two families of hydrogels have recently been the subject of significant attention: self‐assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs), which are fully synthetic and chemically defined, and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, which are semi‐synthetic. Both can be used as support matrices for growing kidney organoids. Based on our recently published work, we highlight methods describing the generation of human iPSC (hiPSC)‐derived kidney organoids and their maturation within SAPHs and GelMA hydrogels. We also detail protocols required for the characterization of such organoids using immunofluorescence imaging. Together, these protocols should enable the user to grow hiPSC‐derived kidney organoids within hydrogels of this kind and evaluate the effects that the biophysical microenvironment provided by the hydrogels has on kidney organoid maturation. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into kidney organoids and maturation within mechanically tunable self‐assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs)Alternate Protocol: Encapsulation of day 9 nephron progenitor aggregates in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels.Support Protocol 1: Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) culture.Support Protocol 2: Organoid fixation with paraformaldehyde (PFA)Basic Protocol 2: Whole‐mount immunofluorescence imaging of kidney organoids.Basic Protocol 3: Immunofluorescence of organoid cryosections
Analysis of Mucin‐Domain Glycoproteins Using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mahoney Keira E. , Malaker Stacy A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMucin‐domain glycoproteins are characterized by their high density of glycosylated serine and threonine residues, which complicates their analysis by mass spectrometry. The dense glycosylation renders the protein backbone inaccessible to workhorse proteases like trypsin, the vast heterogeneity of glycosylation often results in ion suppression from unmodified peptides, and search algorithms struggle to confidently analyze and site‐localize O‐glycosites. We have made a number of advances to address these challenges, rendering mucinomics possible for the first time. Here, we summarize these contributions and provide a detailed protocol for mass spectrometric analysis of mucin‐domain glycoproteins. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Enrichment of mucin‐domain glycoproteinsBasic Protocol 2: Enzymatic digestion of mucin‐domain glycoprotein(s)Basic Protocol 3: Mass spectrometry data collection for O‐glycopeptidesBasic Protocol 4: Mass spectrometry data analysis of O‐glycopeptides
Design of low‐stress ultrahigh‐gain dc–dc converter with coupled inductor
Authors: Quan Limin , Zhang Min , Zhang Yong , Yuan Chenggong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe dc–dc converter plays a vital role in renewable energy power generation systems. To enhance the boost range and supply stable output voltage for the power grid, This paper propose an improved low‐stress ultrahigh‐gain dc–dc converter. First, a voltage multiplier cell is designed stemming from a three‐winding coupled inductor and a switched capacitor (SC), which can obtain ultrahigh voltage gain. In the improved voltage multiplier cell, the number of semiconductor devices is reduced, resulting in a decrease in capacitor voltage stress. Moreover, a passive clamp circuit uses the new SC, which can suppress oscillation peak voltage and absorb the leakage energy of the coupled winding. Furthermore, we deduce the operating mode of the proposed converter . Compared with other advanced topologies, the proposed topology outperforms boosting capacity, component stress, and efficiency. To stabilize the output voltage, the converter is closed‐loop controlled. Finally, experiments on the 180 W prototype have demonstrated the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed topology.
Temporal and individual variation in the feeding habits of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)
Authors: Mori Tomoki , Mori Saki N. , Izumiyama Shigeyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractForaging plays a vital role in the survival of wildlife, and shifts in food availability can impact species fitness and survival. Ursids are known to consume a wide variety of foods and are known to be opportunistic omnivores. Consequently, seasonal shifts in diet, which correspond to temporal and spatial shifts in the availability of food resources, have long captivated researchers studying the foraging behavior of Ursidae. Nevertheless, comprehensive dietary studies encompassing both the population and individual levels remain scarce. In this study, we investigated the dietary patterns of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) at both the population and individual levels, using data collected through GPS collars and field surveys of individual bear scat samples in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, from 2016 to 2020. From early April to late June, bears mainly foraged on green vegetation. During this period, male and large‐bodied female bears showed a strong preference for green vegetation. Small‐bodied female bears also ate mostly green vegetation but tended to consume more fruit than other bears towards the end of this period. From June to October, bears' diets included a substantial amount of fruit, with notable peaks in fruit consumption in late June and early September. During the summer months, female bears often incorporated social insects into their diet compared to the population‐level trend. In mid‐September, the consumption of seeds from the Fagaceae family surged, becoming the primary dietary component during this period. This trend was consistently observed across the population. These findings underscore the importance conducting in‐depth dietary analyses that take into account individual characteristics such as sex, age, and body weight.
Genetic diversity and shallow genetic differentiation of the endangered scaly‐sided merganser Mergus squamatus
Authors: Shen Yulong , Gong Ye , Solovyeva Diana , Wang Lin , Li Mu , Hu Mengxuan , Jiang Yiwei , Vartanyan Sergey , Wang Haitao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExamining patterns of genetic diversity are crucial for conservation planning on endangered species, while inferring the underlying process of recent anthropogenic habitat modifications in the context potential long‐term demographic changes remains challenging. The globally endangered scaly‐sided merganser (SSME), Mergus squamatus, is endemic to a narrow range in Northeast Asia, and its population has recently been contracted into two main breeding areas. Although low genetic diversity has been suggested in the Russian population, the genetic status and demographic history of these individuals have not been fully elucidated. We therefore examined the genetic diversity and structure of the breeding populations of the SSME and investigated the relative importance of historical and recent demographic changes to the present‐day pattern of genetic diversity. Using 10 nuclear microsatellite (SSR) markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, we found limited female‐inherited genetic diversity and a high level of nuclear genetic diversity. In addition, analysis of both markers consistently revealed significant but weak divergence between the breeding populations. Inconsistent demographic history parameters calculated from mtDNA and bottleneck analysis results based on SSR suggested a stable historical effective population size. By applying approximate Bayesian computation, it was estimated that populations started to genetically diverge from each other due to recent fragmentation events caused by anthropogenic effects rather than isolation during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and post‐LGM recolonization. These results suggest that limited historical population size and shallow evolutionary history may be potential factors contributing to the contemporary genetic diversity pattern of breeding SSME populations. Conservation efforts should focus on protecting the current breeding habitats from further destruction, with priority given to both the Russian and Chinese population, as well as restoring the connected suitable breeding grounds.
Eligibility of Asian and European registry patients for phase III trials in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Lim Yvonne Mei Fong , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Bagheri Ayoub , Denaxas Spiros , Tay Wan Ting , Voors Adriaan , Lam Carolyn Su Ping , Koudstaal Stefan , Grobbee Diederick E. , Vaartjes Ilonca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTraditional approaches to designing clinical trials for heart failure (HF) have historically relied on expertise and past practices. However, the evolving landscape of healthcare, marked by the advent of novel data science applications and increased data availability, offers a compelling opportunity to transition towards a data‐driven paradigm in trial design. This research aims to evaluate the scope and determinants of disparities between clinical trials and registries by leveraging natural language processing for the analysis of trial eligibility criteria. The findings contribute to the establishment of a robust design framework for guiding future HF trials.Methods and resultsInterventional phase III trials registered for HF on ClinicalTrials.gov as of the end of 2021 were identified. Natural language processing was used to extract and structure the eligibility criteria for quantitative analysis. The most common criteria for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were applied to estimate patient eligibility as a proportion of registry patients in the ASIAN‐HF (N = 4868) and BIOSTAT‐CHF registries (N = 2545). Of the 375 phase III trials for HF, 163 HFrEF trials were identified. In these trials, the most frequently encountered inclusion criteria were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (69%), worsening HF (23%), and natriuretic peptides (18%), whereas the most frequent comorbidity‐based exclusion criteria were acute coronary syndrome (64%), renal disease (55%), and valvular heart disease (47%). On average, 20% of registry patients were eligible for HFrEF trials. Eligibility distributions did not differ (P = 0.18) between Asian [median eligibility 0.20, interquartile range (IQR) 0.08–0.43] and European registry populations (median 0.17, IQR 0.06–0.39). With time, HFrEF trials became more restrictive, where patient eligibility declined from 0.40 in 1985–2005 to 0.19 in 2016–2022 (P = 0.03). When frequency among trials is taken into consideration, the eligibility criteria that were most restrictive were prior myocardial infarction, NYHA class, age, and prior HF hospitalization.ConclusionsBased on 14 trial criteria, only one‐fifth of registry patients were eligible for phase III HFrEF trials. Overall eligibility rates did not differ between the Asian and European patient cohorts.