bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate‐specific antigen response after short‐term hormone therapy plus external‐beam radiotherapy and outcome in patients treated on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study 9413
Authors: Cury Fabio L. , Hunt Daniel , Roach Mack , Shipley William , Gore Elizabeth , Hsu I‐Chow , Krisch Robert E. , Seider Michael J. , Sandler Howard , Lawton Colleen 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) complete response (PSA‐CR), measured at the end of external‐beam radiotherapy and short‐term hormone therapy, on treatment outcomes.METHODSThe phase 3 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413 trial, as part of its original protocol, used the assessment of PSA‐CR (ie, PSA ≤0.3 ng/mL) at the end of short‐term HT as a secondary endpoint. Short‐term HT consisted of futamide plus a lutenizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonist for 4 months. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival. Cumulative incidence was used to estimate biochemical failure, distant metastasis, and disease‐specific survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to correlate PSA‐CR after short‐term hormone therapy with all endpoints, and the following variables were considered for analysis: PSA at baseline, Gleason score, treatment arm, age, and baseline testosterone status. Phoenix consensus definition was used to define PSA failure.RESULTSFor 1070 evaluable patients, the median PSA at the end of short‐term hormone therapy was 0.2 ng/mL. In total, 744 patients (70%) had a PSA‐CR. At a median follow‐up of 7.2 years, failure to obtain a PSA‐CR was associated significantly with worse disease‐specific survival (P= .0003; hazard ratio [HR], 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38‐2.97), with worse disease‐free survival (P= .003; HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.50), and with a higher incidence of distant metastasis (P= .0002; HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.69) and biochemical failure (P< .0001; HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29‐1.91). Other factors that were associated with worse disease‐specific survival were Gleason scores from 8 to 10 (P= .0002; HR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.71‐5.47) and PSA levels >20 ng/mL (P= .04; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02‐2.30).CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicated that failure to obtain a PSA‐CR (PSA ≤0.3 ng/mL) after short‐term hormone therapy and external‐beam radiotherapy appears to be an independent predictor of unfavorable outcomes and could help identify patients who may benefit from the addition of long‐term androgen ablation. Cancer 2013;119:1999–2004. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Efficient parallel implementation of incompressible pipe flow algorithm based on SIMPLE
Authors: Zhang Ji‐Lin , Yuan Jun‐Feng , Wan Jian , Mao Jie , Zhu Li‐Ting , Zhou Li , Jiang Cong‐Feng , Di Peng , Wang Jue 
Published: March 2013

SummaryParallel semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equations(SIMPLE) algorithm is used to solve the 3‐D incompressible pipe flow problem. In this paper, we proposed a novel parallel SIMPLE algorithm that uses the alternate tiling technique. Firstly, a parallel SIMPLE algorithm based on domain decomposition method was established, and the implementation of domain partition and data exchange was presented. Then, we presented serial finite difference stencil algorithm based on alternate tiling. Furthermore, an iteration space parallel two‐way finite difference stencil algorithm based on alternate tiling was proposed, introducing the sequence of iterative space tiles as the sequence of execution and using time skewing technique to partition the iteration space, thus to improve the data locality of algorithm. The cache misses and the cost of communication and synchronization are reduced by reordering the tiles of iteration space. Finally, the effectiveness of the two parallel SIMPLE algorithms were compared. The results showed that the parallel SIMPLE algorithm that uses the two‐way finite difference stencil algorithm based on alternate tiling has good data locality, performance, and scalability in the Deepcomp7000 cluster computing environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential physiological responses to environmental change promote woody shrub expansion
Authors: Heskel Mary , Greaves Heather , Kornfeld Ari , Gough Laura , Atkin Owen K. , Turnbull Matthew H. , Shaver Gaius , Griffin Kevin L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDirect and indirect effects of warming are increasingly modifying the carbon‐rich vegetation and soils of the Arctic tundra, with important implications for the terrestrial carbon cycle. Understanding the biological and environmental influences on the processes that regulate foliar carbon cycling in tundra species is essential for predicting the future terrestrial carbon balance in this region. To determine the effect of climate change impacts on gas exchange in tundra, we quantified foliar photosynthesis (Anet), respiration in the dark and light (RD and RL, determined using the Kok method), photorespiration (PR), carbon gain efficiency (CGE, the ratio of photosynthetic CO2 uptake to total CO2 exchange of photosynthesis, PR, and respiration), and leaf traits of three dominant species – Betula nana, a woody shrub; Eriophorum vaginatum, a graminoid; and Rubus chamaemorus, a forb – grown under long‐term warming and fertilization treatments since 1989 at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Under warming, B. nana exhibited the highest rates of Anet and strongest light inhibition of respiration, increasing CGE nearly 50% compared with leaves grown in ambient conditions, which corresponded to a 52% increase in relative abundance. Gas exchange did not shift under fertilization in B. nana despite increases in leaf N and P and near‐complete dominance at the community scale, suggesting a morphological rather than physiological response. Rubus chamaemorus, exhibited minimal shifts in foliar gas exchange, and responded similarly to B. nana under treatment conditions. By contrast, E. vaginatum, did not significantly alter its gas exchange physiology under treatments and exhibited dramatic decreases in relative cover (warming: −19.7%; fertilization: −79.7%; warming with fertilization: −91.1%). Our findings suggest a foliar physiological advantage in the woody shrub B. nana that is further mediated by warming and increased soil nutrient availability, which may facilitate shrub expansion and in turn alter the terrestrial carbon cycle in future tundra environments.
Di(4‐pyridyl) Sulfoxide as an Angled Building Block for Zigzag‐Chain Silver(I) Complexes Stabilized by Supramolecular O=S···π Interactions
Authors: Wan Chong‐Qing , Wang Zi‐Wei , Wang Guo , Li Ai‐Min , Jin Qiong‐Hua , Deng Yu‐Heng , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe angled ligand di‐4‐pyridyl sulfoxide (L1) and five of its silver(I) complexes that bear various counteranions, namely, {[Ag(L1)](BF4)·(CH3CN)}∞ (1), {[Ag(L1)(CF3SO3)]·(CH3CN)}∞ (2), {[Ag(L1)(CF3CO2)]·CH3CN}∞ (3), {[Ag(L1)(NO3)]·H2O}∞ (4), and {[Ag2(L1)2(SO4)]·6H2O}∞ (5), have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and luminescent emission measurements. Complexes 1–5 exhibit a common [Ag(L1)]nn+ zigzag‐chain motif generated by the μ2‐N,N‐bridging L1 ligand. The common dominant intermolecular O=S(sulfinyl)···π(pyridyl) interaction with the S=O group embraced by the pyridyl wings of an adjacent butterfly‐like L1 ligand plays a crucial role in the supramolecular aggregation of 1–5. Replacement of the sulfinyl (S=O) group of L1 by a sulfonyl (O=S=O) group to yield related ligand L2 led to {[Ag(L2)](NO3)}∞ (6) (L2 = di‐4‐pyridyl sulfone), which exhibits a markedly different supramolecular architecture from those of 1–5 because of the absence of the O=S(sulfinyl)···π(pyridyl) contact. Density functional calculations confirm that there is a π orbital interaction between the sulfinyl S atom and the intermolecular pyridyl rings, which significantly contributes to the O=S···π affinity.
Toward improved models for predicting bioconcentration of well-metabolized compounds by rainbow trout using measured rates of in vitro intrinsic clearance
Authors: Nichols John W. , Huggett Duane B. , Arnot Jon A. , Fitzsimmons Patrick N. , Cowan-Ellsberry Christina E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Models were developed to predict the bioconcentration of well-metabolized chemicals by rainbow trout. The models employ intrinsic clearance data from in vitro studies with liver S9 fractions or isolated hepatocytes to estimate a liver clearance rate, which is extrapolated to a whole-body biotransformation rate constant (kMET). Estimated kMET values are then used as inputs to a mass-balance bioconcentration prediction model. An updated algorithm based on measured binding values in trout is used to predict unbound chemical fractions in blood, while other model parameters are designed to be representative of small fish typically used in whole-animal bioconcentration testing efforts. Overall model behavior was shown to be strongly dependent on the relative hydrophobicity of the test compound and assumed rate of in vitro activity. The results of a restricted sensitivity analysis highlight critical research needs and provide guidance on the use of in vitro biotransformation data in a tiered approach to bioaccumulation assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1611–1622. © 2013 SETAC
The spring runoff in nebraska's (USA) Elkhorn River watershed and its impact on two sentinel organisms
Authors: Knight Lindsey A. , Christenson Matthew K. , Trease Andrew J. , Davis Paul H. , Kolok Alan S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to determine 1) if temporal variability influenced the toxicity of Elkhorn River, Nebraska, USA, water, and 2) if the toxic effect was consistent between 2 sentinel organisms, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens). During spring 2012, atrazine indicator strips were used to document the occurrence of agrichemical pulses in the Elkhorn River. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were deployed for 14 d during both a pulse and a postpulse period as indicated by the atrazine strips. Pesticide concentrations detected in the POCIS extracts ranged from 1.6-fold to 281-fold higher during the pulse period compared to the postpulse period. Fish and frog bioassays were conducted for 7 d, and hepatic mRNA expression of vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with lab water controls, fish exposed to water collected during an agrichemical pulse experienced significant reductions in VTG and ERα, whereas exposed female frogs did not. Male leopard frogs, in contrast, experienced significant increases in the expression of ERα, whereas pulse-exposed male minnows did not. The significant effects observed following agrichemical pulse exposure demonstrate that episodic agrichemical runoff adversely impacts sentinel organisms, and that the adverse impacts observed depend on the sex and species of the sentinel organism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1544–1551. © 2013 SETAC
An extended Peng‐Robinson equation of state for carbon dioxide solid‐vapor equilibrium
Authors: Martynov Sergey , Brown Solomon , Mahgerefteh Haroun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Peng‐Robinson equation of state (PR EoS) for liquid‐vapor equilibrium is extended to model the solid‐vapor (sublimation) and solid‐liquid (melting) phase equilibria for carbon dioxide (CO2). The sublimation behavior is modeled through the re‐formulations of the empirically based analytical expressions for the two temperature dependent parameters, a and b in the PR EoS. The melting phase behavior on the other hand is modeled by the coupling of the original and the extended PR EoS and equalization of solid and liquid phase fugacities. Analytical expressions derived based on the extended PR EoS are used to determine thermodynamic and phase equilibrium derivative properties for solid/vapor CO2. These include internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, thermal expansion, and isothermal compressibility coefficients as well as the adiabatic speed of sound. In most cases good agreement with the available experimental data is obtained covering the pressure and temperature ranges 0.1–100 MPa and 100–300 K. A pressure/temperature phase equilibrium diagram for solid‐liquid‐vapor CO2 is constructed to demonstrate the overall performance and the limitations of the two EoS as compared to the experimental data spanning the triple point up to 100 MPa pressure. It is shown that the application of the PR EoS along the CO2 sublimation line gives rise to significant errors. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The role of moist convection in the West African monsoon system: Insights from continental‐scale convection‐permitting simulations
Authors: Marsham John H. , Dixon Nick S. , Garcia‐Carreras Luis , Lister Grenville M. S. , Parker Douglas J. , Knippertz Peter , Birch Cathryn E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPredicting the West African monsoon (WAM) remains a major challenge for weather and climate models. We compare multiday continental‐scale simulations of the WAM that explicitly resolve moist convection with simulations which parameterize convection. Simulations with the same grid spacing but differing representations of convection isolate the impact of the representation of convection. The more realistic explicit convection gives greater latent and radiative heating farther north, with latent heating later in the day. This weakens the Sahel‐Sahara pressure gradient and the monsoon flow, delaying its diurnal cycle and changing interactions between the monsoon and boundary layer convection. In explicit runs, cold storm outflows provide a significant component of the monsoon flux. In an operational global model, biases resemble those in our parameterized case. Improved parameterizations of convection that better capture storm structures, their diurnal cycle, and rainfall intensities will therefore substantially improve predictions of the WAM and coupled aspects of the Earth system.
Employing lidar to detail vegetation canopy architecture for prediction of aeolian transport
Authors: Sankey Joel B. , Law Darin J. , Breshears David D. , Munson Seth M. , Webb Robert H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe diverse and fundamental effects that aeolian processes have on the biosphere and geosphere are commonly generated by horizontal sediment transport at the land surface. However, predicting horizontal sediment transport depends on vegetation architecture, which is difficult to quantify in a rapid but accurate manner. We demonstrate an approach to measure vegetation canopy architecture at high resolution using lidar along a gradient of dryland sites ranging from 2% to 73% woody plant canopy cover. Lidar‐derived canopy height, distance (gaps) between vegetation elements (e.g., trunks, limbs, leaves), and the distribution of gaps scaled by vegetation height were correlated with canopy cover and highlight potentially improved horizontal dust flux estimation than with cover alone. Employing lidar to estimate detailed vegetation canopy architecture offers promise for improved predictions of horizontal sediment transport across heterogeneous plant assemblages.
Six Novel Eudesmane‐Like Sesquiterpenes from Illicium spathulatum
Authors: Dong Xu‐Jun , Luo Shi‐De 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe four diastereoisomeric gorgonane sesquiterpenes 1–4 and the two diastereoisomeric forfugane sesquiterpenes 6 and 7, which all have the same molecular formula C15H28O3 and belong to the same eudesmane‐like sesquiterpenes, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Illicium spathulatum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.
Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Smilacina henryi
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Su Yan‐Fang , Chen Lei , Huang Xiong , Yan Shi‐Lun , Chai Xin , Gao Xiu‐Mei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFive steroidal saponins, namely henryiosides A–E (1–5), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the rhizomes of Smilacina henryi. Their structures were elucidated by the extensive use of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, along with HR‐MALDI‐MS analysis and the results of acid hydrolysis. The aglycones of henryiosides A–E possess a C(7)C(8) or C(9)C(11) bond and were not previously found in saponins.
Synthesis of the Aziridinomitosene Skeleton by Application of Guanidinium Ylide‐Mediated Aziridination
Authors: Kojima Hiroyuki , Takahata Chisato , Lemin David , Takahashi Masato , Kumamoto Takuya , Nakanishi Waka , Suzuki Noriyuki , Ishikawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn aziridinomitosene skeleton, a basic core of mitomycin antibiotics, was straightforwardly prepared from N‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)indole‐2‐carboxaldehyde in 16% overall yield by successive reactions of guanidinium ylide‐mediated aziridination, InCl3‐catalyzed epimerization of trans‐3‐(indol‐2‐yl)aziridine‐2‐carboxylate, leading to the cis‐derivative, and dehydrative cyclization.
New Cytotoxic Metabolites from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. ZLN29
Authors: Gao Huquan , Zhou Lina , Li Dehai , Gu Qianqun , Zhu Tian‐Jiao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOne new penicillide derivative, prenpenicillide (1), and one new xanthone derivative, prenxanthone (2), were isolated from the culture extract of the marine‐derived fungus Penicillium sp. ZLN29, together with six known polyketide compounds, 3–8. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The cytotoxicities of these eight compounds were evaluated on four tumor‐cell lines by SRB (=sulforhodamine B) or MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) methods. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicities against HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of 9.9 and 9.7 μM, respectively.
Probabilistic approaches to accounting for data variability in the practical application of bioavailability in predicting aquatic risks from metals
Authors: Ciffroy Philippe , Charlatchka Rayna , Ferreira Daniel , Marang Laura 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The biotic ligand model (BLM) theoretically enables the derivation of environmental quality standards that are based on true bioavailable fractions of metals. Several physicochemical variables (especially pH, major cations, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved metal concentrations) must, however, be assigned to run the BLM, but they are highly variable in time and space in natural systems. This article describes probabilistic approaches for integrating such variability during the derivation of risk indexes. To describe each variable using a probability density function (PDF), several methods were combined to 1) treat censored data (i.e., data below the limit of detection), 2) incorporate the uncertainty of the solid-to-liquid partitioning of metals, and 3) detect outliers. From a probabilistic perspective, 2 alternative approaches that are based on log-normal and Γ distributions were tested to estimate the probability of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) exceeding the predicted non-effect concentration (PNEC), i.e., pPECPNEC&gt;1. The probabilistic approach was tested on 4 real-case studies based on Cu-related data collected from stations on the Loire and Moselle rivers. The approach described in this article is based on BLM tools that are freely available for end-users (i.e., the Bio-Met software) and on accessible statistical data treatments. This approach could be used by stakeholders who are involved in risk assessments of metals for improving site-specific studies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:508–516. © 2013 SETAC
Alcoholic fermentation of high‐gravity corn mashes with the addition of supportive enzymes
Authors: Sapińska Ewelina , Balcerek Maria , Pielech‐Przybylska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe main problem encountered during processing of cereals in distilleries, in particular by pressureless methods, is the relatively high viscosity of mashes that in turn retards their fermentation. It is caused by the extraction (along with starch) of pentosans, ß‐glucans, cellulose and hemicelluloses from cereal grains.ResultsExperiments carried out within this work centered on the determination of the effect of treatment of corn mashes with xylanase, pullulanase, cellulase enzyme complex and cellobiase on chemical composition, viscosity of these mashes and yield of fermentation. The treatment with xylanase caused the greatest decrease in viscosity of the corn mash, by c. 41% in relation to the reference mash (9.08 ± 0.45 mPa s). In the mash digested with pullulanase the ethanol yield was increased from 70.85 ± 0.71% (reference mash) to 76.09 ± 0.76% of theoretical. The most beneficial impact on the synthesis of ethanol was afforded by the treatment of mashes with cellulase enzyme complex preparation. The yield of ethanol reached 79.59 ± 0.8% of theoretical productivity and the intake of sugars was 92.85 ± 0.93%.ConclusionUnder the optimal conditions found in these experiments, i.e. in corn mash supported with cellulase enzyme complex (CeluStar XL preparation) 61.69 ± 0.62 L of absolute ethanol could be obtained from 100 kg of starch. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Carotid intima‐media thickness increase in patients with habitual simple snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Apaydin Melda , Ayik Sibel O. , Akhan Galip , Peker Sule , Uluc Engin 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesSleep disorders are emerging risk factors for atherosclerosis. Increased carotid intima‐media thickness (CCA‐IMT) is a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between CCA‐IMT and habitual simple snoring or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and the other cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsSleep disorders were diagnosed and staged by polysomnography. Patients were then classified into either habitual simple snoring (n = 20, group 1) or OSAS (n = 67, group 2), which was subclassified as mild‐moderate (n = 27) or severe (n = 40). CCA‐IMT was measured by B‐mode ultrasonography. The other major risk factors were investigated.ResultsThe mean CCA‐IMT was 0.65 ± 0.02 mm (mean ± SD) in group 1 versus 0.75 ± 0.02 mm in group 2 (p = 0.03). Using CCA‐IMT ≥ 0. 9 mm as the threshold value also yielded significant results between the two groups (p = 0.03). The mean CCA‐IMT did not differ between patients with mild‐moderate and severe OSAS, whereas metabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MS) were more prominent in the latter. Age, MS, neck and waist circumference, waist/ hip circumference, and fasting glucose level were higher in patients with CCA‐IMT ≥ 0.9 mm.ConclusionsCCA‐IMT increase was associated with OSAS, but did not correlate with its severity, which could be due to the higher incidence of MS in this group. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 41:290–296, 2013
Evaluation of the antitumor immune response to C60 fullerene
Authors: Didenko G. , Prylutska S. , Kichmarenko Y. , Potebnya G. , Prylutskyy Y. , Slobodyanik N. , Ritter U. , Scharff P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn vitro experiments have shown that C60 fullerenes exhibit cytotoxic effects against tumor cells and modulate the cytotoxic activity of immune cells. In vivo therapeutic experiments on the model of Lewis lung carcinoma showed that C60 fullerenes exhibit an antimetastatic effect (reduction of metastases by 27%), which is realized by activating macrophages and stimulating the synthesis of humoral factors, which significantly increase the cytotoxicity of treated animals serum.