bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric acoustic and gravity waves associated with midlatitude thunderstorms
Authors: Lay Erin H. , Shao Xuan‐Min , Kendrick Alexander K. , Carrano Charles S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAcoustic waves with periods of 2–4 min and gravity waves with periods of 6–16 min have been detected at ionospheric heights (250–350 km) using GPS total electron content measurements. The area disturbed by these waves and the wave amplitudes have been associated with underlying thunderstorm activity. A statistical study comparing Next Generation Weather Radar thunderstorm measurements with ionospheric acoustic and gravity waves in the midlatitude U.S. Great Plains region was performed for the time period of May–July 2005. An increase of ionospheric acoustic wave disturbed area and amplitude is primarily associated with large thunderstorms (mesoscale convective systems). Ionospheric gravity wave disturbed area and amplitude scale with thunderstorm activity, with even small storms (i.e., individual storm cells) producing an increase of gravity waves.
Spatiotemporal characterization of land subsidence and uplift in Phoenix using InSAR time series and wavelet transforms
Authors: Miller Megan Marie , Shirzaei Manoochehr 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effects of land subsidence pose a significant hazard to the environment and infrastructure in the arid, alluvial basins of Phoenix, Arizona. Improving our understanding of the source and mechanisms of subsidence is important for planning and risk management. Here we employ multitemporal interferometric analysis of large synthetic aperture radar data sets acquired by ERS and Envisat satellites to investigate ground deformation. The ERS data sets from 1992 to 1996 and Envisat, 2003–2010, are used to generate line of sight (LOS) time series and velocities in both the ascending and descending tracks. The general deformation pattern is consistent among data sets and is characterized by three zones of subsidence and a broad zone of uplift. The multitrack Envisat LOS time series of surface deformation are inverted to obtain spatiotemporal maps of the vertical and horizontal deformation fields. We use observation wells to provide an in situ, independent data set of hydraulic head levels. Then we analyze vertical interferometric synthetic aperture radar and hydraulic head level time series using continuous wavelet transform to separate periodic signal components and the long‐term trend. The isolated signal components are used to estimate the elastic storage coefficient, the inelastic skeletal storage coefficient, and compaction time constants. Together these parameters describe the storage response of an aquifer system to changes in hydraulic head and surface elevation. Understanding aquifer parameters is useful for the ongoing management of groundwater resources.
Improving Route Directions: The Role of Intersection Type and Visual Clutter for Spatial Reference
Authors: Baltaretu Adriana , Krahmer Emiel , Maes Alfons 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn this study, we ask whether references to paths and landmarks in route directions (RDs) are influenced by environmental complexity, zooming in on two aspects of the visual surroundings, namely intersection structure and visual clutter. Speakers are asked to produce (Experiment 1), understand (Experiment 2) and evaluate (Experiment 3) turn‐by‐turn RDs in a naturalistic setting (Google Street View panoramic pictures). We find that increased levels of visual clutter and intersections with complex structures trigger more references to landmarks and paths when participants produce RDs, longer decision times to determine what the next correct step in a route is and increased preference for landmarks. Finally, we discuss possible implications for automatic RD generation.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruptive Individual Experiences Create Lifetime Periods: a Study of Autobiographical Memory in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Uzer Tugba , Brown Norman R. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryPrevious research showed that transitional events causing catastrophic and long‐lasting changes in group of people's lives (e.g., wars) create autobiographical periods. We investigated whether spinal cord injury (SCI), an involuntary and externally driven disruptive event at the individual level, would also act as a temporal landmark and spawn personal periods and whether these periods have comparable functions and temporal characteristics as those generated at the group level. Thirteen volunteers with SCI recalled a cue‐related autobiographical event for each of 22 cue words. Later, participants thought aloud when dating each event. We used the prevalence of injury‐related references as an index of the degree to which spinal cord injury affects people's lives. We found frequent references to injury for the period neighboring injury event. Unexpectedly, we also found that SCI resulted in post‐injury decrease in event memory. Results imply that SCI provides a temporal landmark and creates an autobiographical period.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoking patterns, quit behaviors, and smoking environment of workers in small manufacturing companies
Authors: Pinsker Erika A. , Hennrikus Deborah J. , Hannan Peter J. , Lando Harry A. , Brosseau Lisa M. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThis study describes smokers employed at 47 small manufacturing companies in Minnesota, USA.MethodsSmokers (n = 713) participating in a group‐randomized trial completed a baseline survey on their smoking patterns, quit behaviors, smoking environment, workplace attitudes about smoking, and correlates of smoking. These characteristics were examined by job type and a latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to group workers with similar characteristics.ResultsProduction workers had the highest prevalence of daily smoking (88% vs. 68% among managers), and addiction (61% vs. 26% among managers), and the highest mean level of perceived stress (6.4 vs. 4.9 among managers). The LCA identified three subgroups of smokers that differed in levels of barriers to cessation. Production workers were most likely to be in the group with greater barriers (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThese results underscore the importance of targeting interventions to production workers and those who exhibit the greatest barriers to cessation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:996–1007, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EV@LUTIL: An open access database on occupational exposures to asbestos and man‐made mineral fibres
Authors: Orlowski Ewa , Audignon‐Durand Sabyne , Goldberg Marcel , Imbernon Ellen , Brochard Patrick 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of Evalutil is to document occupational exposure to asbestos and man‐made mineral fibers.MethodsThese databases provide grouped descriptive and metrological data from observed situations of occupational exposure, collected through the analysis of scientific articles and technical reports by industrial hygienists.ResultsOver 5,000 measurements were collected. We describe the occupations, economic activities, fiber‐containing products, and operations on them that have been documented most often. Graphical measurement syntheses of these data show that the situations presented for asbestos and RCF, except mineral wools, report fiber concentrations mainly above historical occupational exposure limits.ConclusionFree access to these data in French and in English on the Internet (https://ssl2.isped.u-bordeaux2.fr/eva_003/) helps public health and prevention professionals to identify and characterize occupational exposures to fibers. Extended recently to nanoscale particles, Evalutil continues to contribute to the improvement of knowledge about exposure to inhaled particles and the health risks associated with them. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1059–1074, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diet and gender in the Tiwanaku colonies: Stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen and apatite from Moquegua, Peru
Authors: Somerville Andrew D. , Goldstein Paul S. , Baitzel Sarah I. , Bruwelheide Karin L. , Dahlstedt Allisen C. , Yzurdiaga Linda , Raubenheimer Sarah , Knudson Kelly J. , Schoeninger Margaret J. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Gender and other facets of social identity play important roles in the organization of complex societies. This study reconstructs dietary practices within the Middle Horizon (AD 500–1000) Tiwanaku colonies in southern Peru to increase our knowledge of gendered patterns of consumption within this early expansive state.Methods:We use stable isotope analysis of 43 human bone samples representing 14 females, 20 males, 8 juveniles, and 1 indeterminate individual recovered from burial excavations at the sites of Rio Muerto and Omo in the Moquegua Valley. Data are contextualized by comparisons with previously published Tiwanaku isotope data from the period.Results:Our results find mean values of δ13Capatite = −7.3 ± 1.6% (N = 36, 1SD), δ13Ccollagen = −12.3 ± 1.5% (N = 43, 1SD), and δ15Ncollagen = 8.4 ± 1.6% (N = 43, 1SD). Between the sexes, Mann‐Whitney U tests demonstrate significant differences in δ13Ccollagen (U = 74, P = 0.021), but no differences in δ13Capatite (U = 58, P = 0.095) or δ15Ncollagen (U = 116, P = 0.755) values.Conclusions:These data indicate relatively high C4 plant consumption among the Tiwanaku colonies, and support paleobotanical and archaeological evidence that maize (Zea mays) was the staple crop. Dietary values are similar overall between the sexes, but significantly higher δ13Ccollagen values in males is consistent with a model of gendered norms of consumption similar to that of the later Inca (AD 1438–1533), where males consumed more maize than females, often in the form of beer (chicha). Results provide new insights on social dynamics within the Tiwanaku colonies and suggest the increased importance maize consumption for males during the Tiwanaku expansion. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:408–422, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The adaptive value of secondary males in the polygynous multi‐level society of hamadryas baboons
Authors: Chowdhury Shahrina , Pines Mathew , Saunders Julian , Swedell Larissa 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesOne‐male social systems are usually characterized by polygyny and reproductive exclusion by a single resident male. Sometimes, however, secondary males join these groups, and this may carry fitness costs and/or benefits to the resident male. In hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas), which live in one‐male units (OMUs) with female defense polygyny within a multi‐level social system, secondary “follower” males often reside in OMUs. Our aim here is to examine possible benefits of these secondary males to hamadryas resident males.Materials and MethodsUsing 6 years of data from 65 OMUs in a band of wild hamadryas baboons in Ethiopia, we compared demographic and reproductive parameters of OMUs with and without secondary “follower” males to assess whether their presence conferred any reproductive benefits to resident “leader” males.ResultsLeaders with followers had tenure lengths almost twice as long, acquired more than twice as many females, retained females longer, and had three times as many infants during their tenure compared to leaders without followers.DiscussionHamadryas follower males enabled leaders to retain females for longer periods of time—likely through unit defense, social relationships with OMU members, and/or infant protection. Hamadryas leaders appear to be able to monopolize access to females despite the presence of followers, and as such any enhanced reproduction derived from the presence of followers likely increases the fitness of the leader rather than the follower. Thus the relationship between leaders and followers in hamadryas society appears to be a mutually beneficial one and tolerance of secondary males may be an adaptive reproductive strategy characterizing hamadryas leader males. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:501–513, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energetic responses to variation in food availability in the two mountain gorilla populations (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Authors: Wright Edward , Grueter Cyril C. , Seiler Nicole , Abavandimwe Didier , Stoinski Tara S. , Ortmann Sylvia , Robbins Martha M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveHere, we compare food availability and relate this to differences in energy intake rates, time spent feeding, and daily travel distance of gorillas in the two populations.Comparative intraspecific studies investigating spatiotemporal variation in food availability can help us understand the complex relationships between ecology, behavior, and life history in primates and are relevant to understanding hominin evolution. Differences in several variables have been documented between the two mountain gorilla populations in the Virunga Massif and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, but few direct comparisons that link ecological conditions to feeding behavior have been made.Materials and MethodsUsing similar data collection protocols we conducted vegetation sampling and nutritional analysis on important foods to estimate food availability. Detailed observations of feeding behavior were used to compute energy intake rates and daily travel distance was estimated through GPS readings.ResultsFood availability was overall lower and had greater temporal variability in Bwindi than in the Virungas. Energy intake rates and time spent feeding were similar in both populations, but energy intake rates were significantly higher in Bwindi during the period of high fruit consumption. Daily travel distances were significantly shorter in the Virungas.ConclusionsOverall, despite the differences in food availability, we did not find large differences in the energetics of gorillas in the two populations, although further work is needed to more precisely quantify energy expenditure and energy balance. These results emphasize that even species with high food availability can exhibit behavioral and energetic responses to variable ecological conditions, which are likely to affect growth, reproduction, and survival. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:487–500, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Craniomandibular signals of diet in adapids
Authors: Perry Jonathan M.G. , St Clair Elizabeth M. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe craniomandibular morphology of the adapid primates of Europe, especially Adapis and Leptadapis (sensu lato), suggests that they possessed enormous jaw adductor muscles. The goal of this study is to estimate jaw adductor muscle mass, physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA), and fiber length in adapid primates from the Eocene of Europe. We also estimated muscle leverage, bite force, and gape parameters.Materials and MethodsWe use bony morphology and osteological correlates of soft tissues in a sample of extant strepsirrhines to estimate these soft‐tissue and performance variables in Adapis and Leptadapis.ResultsOur results suggest that, compared to a broad sample of extant strepsirrhines, Adapis and Leptadapis had relatively great jaw adductor muscle mass, PCSA, and bite force. They had moderately great jaw adductor leverage but no sign of adaptation for wide gapes. There is no support for the hypothesis that either adapid was a gouger.DiscussionOur estimates support the inference that Adapis and Leptadapis were primarily folivorous, perhaps also consuming small to medium‐sized tough fruits, nuts, and seeds. Explanations for the likely extreme development of the jaw adductor muscles in adapids remain speculative. These include (1) foods that were generally tougher and/or of higher yield strength than those eaten by strepsirrhines today, (2) using the muscles “in shifts” to avoid muscle fatigue in the context of an obdurate diet, and (3) potential constraints on reshaping of the skull for more efficient food processing. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:646–662, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isoform‐specific antibodies reveal distinct subcellular localizations of C9orf72 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xiao Shangxi , MacNair Laura , McGoldrick Philip , McKeever Paul M. , McLean Jesse R. , Zhang Ming , Keith Julia , Zinman Lorne , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Robertson Janice 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveA noncoding hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). It has been reported that the repeat expansion causes a downregulation of C9orf72 transcripts, suggesting that haploinsufficiency may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Two protein isoforms are generated from three alternatively spliced transcripts of C9orf72; a long form (C9‐L) and a short form (C9‐S), and their function(s) are largely unknown owing to lack of specific antibodies.MethodsTo investigate C9orf72 protein properties, we developed novel antibodies that recognize either C9‐L or C9‐S. Multiple techniques, including Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and coimmunoprecipitation, were used to determine the expression levels and subcellular localizations of C9‐L and C9‐S.ResultsInvestigation of expression of C9‐L and C9‐S demonstrated distinct biochemical profiles, region‐specific changes, and distinct subcellular localizations in ALS tissues. In particular, C9‐L antibody exhibited a diffuse cytoplasmic staining in neurons and labeled large speckles in cerebellar Purkinje cells. In contrast, C9‐S antibody gave very specific labeling of the nuclear membrane in healthy neurons, with apparent relocalization to the plasma membrane of diseased motor neurons in ALS. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction of the C9‐isoforms with both Importin β1 and Ran‐GTPase, components of the nuclear pore complex.InterpretationUsing these antibodies, we have shown that C9orf72 may be involved in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and this may have relevance to pathophysiology of ALS/FTLD. Our antibodies have provided improved detection of C9orf72 protein isoforms, which will help elucidate its physiological function and role in ALS/FTLD. Ann Neurol 2015;78:568–583
Bioinduzierte Methanolreformierung
Authors: Heim Leo E. , Thiel Daniel , Gedig Christian , Deska Jan , Prechtl Martin H. G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFür die Nachahmung des natürlichen Prozesses der durch Nukleophile aktivierten Formaldehyddehydrierung haben sich luftstabile Rutheniumkomplexe als exzellente Katalysatoren hervorgetan, welche bereits bei Beladungen von 0.5 Mol‐% sowohl die Dehydrierung von Formaldehydhydrat als auch die Transferhydrierung auf ungesättigte organische Substrate effizient unterhalten. Durch die Verknüpfung der chemischen Wasserstofffixierung mit einer oxidasevermittelten Methanolaktivierung gelang der Aufbau eines künstlichen methylotrophen In‐vitro‐Stoffwechsels, bei dem die aus Methanol gewonnen Reduktionsäquivalente für synthetische Prozesse genutzt werden können. Darüber hinaus wurde auf Grundlage dieses enzymgekoppelten Dehydriersystems erstmalig wässrige Methanollösung bei Raumtemperatur im Sinne einer Reformierung zu Wasserstoffgas zersetzt.
Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte Klick‐Chemie
Authors: Mueller Jan O. , Schmidt Friedrich G. , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWir berichten über eine schnelle und katalysatorfreie Cycloaddition, die die Grundlage für lichtinduzierte Klick‐Chemie bildet. Hierfür wurde eine leicht zugängliche, photoaktive und auf 2H‐Azirinen basierende Spezies entwickelt, die Licht jenseits der Wellenlänge von 400 nm absorbiert. Die Bestrahlung mit einer niederenergetischen Lichtquelle ermöglicht daher die effiziente Synthese kleiner Moleküle durch Umsetzung einer Vielfalt an Mehrfachbindungskomponenten. Um die Effizienz des hier vorgestellten Ansatzes zu demonstrieren, wurde der photoaktivierbare Chromophor mit funktionalisierten polymeren Substraten umgesetzt, wobei bei Raumtemperatur vollständige Ligation in nur einer Minute Bestrahlungszeit erreicht wurde. Wir stellen somit eine höchst effiziente Methode vor, die sich für Anwendungen eignet, bei denen eine selektive Cycloaddition an Materialien mit elektronenarmen Mehrfachbindungen gefordert ist.
Rotational molding of biodegradable composites obtained with PLA reinforced by the wooden backbone of opuntia ficus indica cladodes
Authors: Greco Antonio , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis work is aimed to study the suitability of the wooden backbone of opuntia ficus indica cladodes as reinforcement for the production of biodegradable composites by rotational molding. The wooden backbone is extracted from opuntia ficus indica cladodes, which constitute a very relevant agricultural scrap, and is characterized by a thick‐walled cellular structure. In view of the potential of poly‐lactic acid (PLA) for the production of hollow components by rotational molding, the use of the wooden backbone is expected to increase the stiffness of the material. The wooden backbone of opuntia cladodes can be readily incorporated in the wall thickness of rotational molding products, in contrast to other natural fibers in the form of filaments and/or bundles, which are very difficult to use in the rotational molding. The results obtained showed that, although being characterized by lower properties compared with compression‐molded PLA, the bio‐composites are characterized by adequate mechanical properties, higher than those previously found for PLA processed by rotational molding. In view of a potential application for the production of fully biodegradable hollow parts, an increase of stiffness and strength can therefore be attained adopting materials and procedure developed in this work. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42447.
In vitro evaluation of biopolymer networks based on crosslinked cellulose with various diamines
Authors: Movagharnezhad Nasim , Najafi Moghadam Peyman 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated some hydrogels based on natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible polysaccharides and cellulose, as sustained release carriers and evaluated their controlled drug release. The crosslinking of bromoacetylated cellulose with various aliphatic and aromatic diamines, such as ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, and paraphenylene diamine, were carried out in N,N‐dimethylformamide in the presence of triethylamine as a base. On the other hand, the synthesized hydrogels were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and CHN elemental analysis. Also, the equilibrium swelling behavior of the hydrogels in water was calculated, and this indicated their sustained expansion. The loading of ceftizoxime antibiotic was carried out on the prepared hydrogels, and the in vitro and drug‐release behaviors were investigated in three different media (HCl solution at pH 3 and bicarbonate buffer solutions at pH 6 and 8). Finally, the release profiles of ceftizoxime from the hydrogels and their loading capacities were determined by ultraviolet–visible absorption measurements at λmax 295 nm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42568.