bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Versus Objectively Assessed Exercise Adherence
Authors: Yuen Hon K. , Wang Ed , Holthaus Katy , Vogtle Laura K. , Sword David , Breland Hazel L. , Kamen Diane L. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined agreement of data between self-reported and objectively assessed exercise adherence among women with systemic lupus erythematosus.
METHOD. Eleven participants completed weekly exercise logs on date and duration of exercise during a 10-wk Wii Fit™ home-based program. Afterward, exercise data from the log were compared with those recorded in the Wii console.
RESULTS. Of the paired data, the mean duration of exercise recorded in the Wii was 29.5 min and that recorded in the log was 33.3 min. The composite intraclass correlation for exercise duration between exercise log and the Wii Fit was 0.4. The 95% limits of agreement indicated large between-subjects variability.
CONCLUSION. Exercise logs exhibit a marginally acceptable agreement with Wii estimation of exercise duration at a group level. However, caution should be applied when using the exercise log as a measure of a person’s exercise behavior because of the tendency to overreport.
Lower Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events Associated with Adherence to Colesevelam HCI
Authors: Ye Xin , Qian Chunlin , Liu Jiannong , St. Peter Wendy L. 
Published: June 2013

Study ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between adherence to colesevelam and the risk of major cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction [AMI] and stroke) among patients newly treated with colesevelam.DesignRetrospective cohort study using administrative claims data.Data SourceMarketScan commercial and Medicare databases (2005–2011).PatientsA total of 42,549 adults with hyperlipidemia and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus who newly started colesevelam between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2011, and who had continuous enrollment in employer‐sponsored commercial health insurance or Medicare supplemental benefit plans for at least 6 months before and 12 months after the date of colesevelam initiation.Measurements and Main ResultsAdherence was measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC) by prescription claims for colesevelam during the 1‐year period after the drug initiation date. Patients were assigned to one of three adherence cohorts: adherent, PDC of 0.8 or more; partially adherent,PDC of 0.5–0.8; or nonadherent, PDC of less than 0.5. The primary outcome was time to the first hospitalization with a primary diagnosis for AMI or stroke during the follow‐up period. Association of colesevelam adherence with the primary outcome was examined by multivariate Cox regression models, adjusting for demographics, comorbidity, and concomitant drugs. A sensitivity analysis between propensity score‐matched cohorts was conducted to compare the outcome between adherent and nonadherent groups. Of the 42,549 patients included in the analysis, 7968 (18.7%) were adherent, 6197 (14.6%) were partially adherent, and 28,384 (66.7%) were nonadherent. Compared with nonadherent patients, adherent patients were older, more likely to be male and from the Northeast or North Central regions of the United States, and had more cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant drugs. Controlling for patient demographic and clinical characteristics, adherent patients were about 43% less likely to experience an AMI or stroke hospitalization during the follow‐up period compared with nonadherent patients (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.44–0.73, p<0.0001). Results of the sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching techniques were consistent.ConclusionAdherence to colesevelam was associated with lower risk of major cardiovascular events (AMI and stroke) among patients with hyperlipidemia and/or type 2 diabetes. Research to assess interventions to improve adherence to colesevelam and subsequently to evaluate the effects of these interventions on cardiovascular outcomes is warranted.
Coastal Flood Inundation Monitoring with Satellite C‐band and L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
Authors: Ramsey Elijah , Rangoonwala Amina , Bannister Terri 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSatellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) was evaluated as a method to operationally monitor the occurrence and distribution of storm‐ and tidal‐related flooding of spatially extensive coastal marshes within the north‐central Gulf of Mexico. Maps representing the occurrence of marsh surface inundation were created from available Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L‐Band SAR (PALSAR) (L‐band) (21 scenes with HH polarizations in Wide Beam [100 m]) data and Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) Advanced SAR (ASAR) (C‐band) data (24 scenes with VV and HH polarizations in Wide Swath [150 m]) during 2006‐2009 covering 500 km of the Louisiana coastal zone. Mapping was primarily based on a decrease in backscatter between reference and target scenes, and as an extension of previous studies, the flood inundation mapping performance was assessed by the degree of correspondence between inundation mapping and inland water levels. Both PALSAR‐ and ASAR‐based mapping at times were based on suboptimal reference scenes; however, ASAR performance seemed more sensitive to reference‐scene quality and other types of scene variability. Related to water depth, PALSAR and ASAR mapping accuracies tended to be lower when water depths were shallow and increased as water levels decreased below or increased above the ground surface, but this pattern was more pronounced with ASAR. Overall, PALSAR‐based inundation accuracies averaged 84% (n = 160), while ASAR‐based mapping accuracies averaged 62% (n = 245).
Even more destructive: cascade dam break floods
Authors: Cao Z. , Huang W. , Pender G. , Liu X. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe present work aims to bridge the gap of knowledge of how and to what extent a cascade dam break flood is distinguished from a single dam break flood over both fixed and mobile beds. A shallow water hydrodynamic model is deployed to resolve the floods because of successive and synchronous break of two cascade dams. A cascade dam break flood features a substantially raised peak stage, advanced timing, or both, at a downstream station as compared with that because of a single dam break irrespective of whether the impacts of sediment transport and bed evolution are considered or not. The dam‐to‐dam spacing and relative dam height in the case of successive break (or initial reservoir water depth in the case of synchronous break) play a central role in dictating the flood, and based on these variables, the threshold conditions for peak‐stage rise are evaluated. The present finding characterises a higher risk of flooding from a cascade dam break than a single dam break, which should be accounted for in flood defence design and alleviation schemes.
Does early tetralogy of Fallot total correction give better final lung volumes?
Authors: Sadeghi Hasan Allah , Miri Seyed Reza , Bakhshandeh Hooman , Mirmesdagh Yalda , Paziraee Nazita 
Published: June 2013

Background: Pulmonary blood flow may affect lung development in adulthood. Early total correction of tetralogy of Fallot may affect development of final lung volumes. We evaluated the effect of age at total correction on lung volumes years after the operation. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study on patients with totally corrected tetralogy of Fallot (mean age, 13.40 years at the time of follow-up), forced vital capacity, slow vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and other parameters were measured 154.8 ± 46.25 months after the operation. Comparison were made of 3 groups: ≤2-, 2–8-, and >8-years old at the time of total correction surgery. Results: Among 322 enrolled patients, the mean values of the follow-up spirometry results in ≤2-, 2–8-, >8-year-olds and the percentage of predicted values were respectively: vital capacity: 4.46 ± 0.57 L (107% ± 10.96%), 3.89 ± 0.58 L (91.10% ± 12.25%), 3.25 ± 0.48 L (82.35% ± 10.62%), p < 0.001; forced vital capacity: 4.28 ± 0.63 L (95.90% ± 18.77%), 3.76 ± 0.58 L (90.83% ± 12.52%), 3.14 ± 0.49 L (83.26% ± 11.71%), p < 0.001; forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 4.22 ± 0.63 L (104.84% ± 13.64%), 3.66 ± 0.58 L (90.61% ± 12.59%), 3.02 ± 0.48 L (84.31% ± 12%), p < 0.001. Conclusion: Early correction of defects or reestablishments of perfusion of tetralogy of Fallot before completion of lung development might improve final adulthood lung volumes and capacities. It is better to consider total correction for all tetralogy of Fallot patients below 2-years old, or at least below 8-years old, if it is technically possible.
Normal aortic valves stay open much longer in systole than porcine substitutes
Authors: Subhani Maboo , Kumar Ramarathnam Krishna , Balakrishnan Komarakshi R 
Published: June 2013

Objective: To compare the opening mechanics of porcine valve substitutes with those of a normal human aortic valve. Background: All commercially available porcine valves are pretreated with glutaraldehyde. This study was undertaken to evaluate the consequences of such treatment on valve mechanics. Methods: The opening mechanics of the aortic valve, especially the time taken to open fully from a closed position, and the duration for which the valve is maximally open, were compared in a normal aortic valve, a stent-mounted porcine valve, and a stentless porcine valve, using a finite element model. Results: Despite a 4-fold higher gradient, stent-mounted porcine valves were slower in attaining the fully open position, and the time for which the valve was fully open was almost 25% less than a normal valve. In stentless valves, the compliant root made the initial opening mechanics similar to those of a normal valve. Once this effect was over, the effect of porcine leaflet properties took over, and there was a corresponding delay in the valve opening. Conclusions: Fixing the root with a stent and stiffening the leaflets with glutaraldehyde result in delayed valve opening and decrease the duration for which the valve is fully open, thus contributing to inferior hemodynamics.
Diabetic control and coronary artery bypass: effect on short-term outcomes
Authors: Strahan Stephen , Harvey Ryan M , Campbell-Lloyd Andrew , Beller Elaine , Mundy Julie , Shah Pallav 
Published: June 2013

Aim: To evaluate the effect of preoperative glycemic control on hospital morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: Data of 3857 patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. There were 1109 (29%) diabetic patients, of whom 712 (64%) had hemoglobin A1c levels recorded. They were categorized by diabetic treatment: diet (179), oral hypoglycemic agent, (718) or insulin (212); and by diabetic control: hemoglobin A1c < 7 (265) or ≥7 (447). Nondiabetic patients (2,748) were used as controls. Results: The preoperative risk factors of hypertension ( p < 0.001), hyperlipidemia ( p < 0.001), renal failure ( p < 0.04), peripheral vascular disease ( p < 0.001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( p < 0.04) were significantly more prevalent in diabetic patients. Major complications were not significantly different between the diabetic and control groups ( p = 0.33), but minor complications were less frequent in diabetic patients ( p = 0.03). Major and minor complications were not significantly different among the treatment subgroups of diabetic patients ( p = 0.74 and p = 0.48) or in those with hemoglobin A1c < 7 and ≥7 ( p = 0.23, p = 0.41). Conclusions: Short-term outcomes were not affected by the degree of preoperative glycemic control or type of treatment used in diabetic patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting. A plausible explanation is strict protocol-driven glycemic control in the perioperative period.
Monitoring pulmonary artery pressure in children undergoing the Fontan procedure
Authors: Vasdev Sumit , Chauhan Sandeep , Talwar Sachin , Pandey Anil , Kiran Usha 
Published: June 2013

Objective: To compare external and internal jugular venous pressures to monitor pulmonary artery pressure during the Fontan procedure. Background: During the Fontan procedure, the internal jugular vein is used to assess pulmonary artery pressure. The risk of venous thrombosis in the low-pressure Fontan circuit may compromise the long-term success of cavopulmonary anastomosis. This study compared external and internal jugular venous pressures, femoral venous pressure, and actual pulmonary artery pressure during the Fontan procedure. Method: 32 children undergoing a single-stage Fontan on cardiopulmonary bypass were monitored for mean external and internal jugular venous pressures and femoral venous pressure pre- and post-cardiopulmonary bypass. Pulmonary artery pressure was also recorded directly after cardiopulmonary bypass. The pressure data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and the coefficient of correlation was found. Results: The differences between external jugular, internal jugular, and femoral venous pressure pre-cardiopulmonary bypass, and between the 3 venous pressures and the pulmonary artery pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass were found to be non-significant. The coefficient of correlation of external jugular venous pressure and internal jugular venous pressure was 0.8163 ( p < 0.0001) pre-cardiopulmonary bypass, and 0.6465 ( p = 0.0001) post-cardiopulmonary bypass. Conclusion: The external jugular venous pressure correlates well with both internal jugular venous pressure and femoral venous pressure as a marker of pulmonary artery pressure in children undergoing the Fontan procedure. The use of external jugular venous pressure may also preclude the risk of thrombosis.
A dynamic time order network for time-series gene expression data analysis
Authors: Zhang Pengyue , Mourad Raphaël , Xiang Yang , Huang Kun , Huang Tim , Nephew Kenneth , Liu Yunlong , Li Lang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Typical analysis of time-series gene expression data such as clustering or graphical models cannot distinguish between early and later drug responsive gene targets in cancer cells. However, these genes would represent good candidate biomarkers.

Results
We propose a new model - the dynamic time order network - to distinguish and connect early and later drug responsive gene targets. This network is constructed based on an integrated differential equation. Spline regression is applied for an accurate modeling of the time variation of gene expressions. Then a likelihood ratio test is implemented to infer the time order of any gene expression pair. One application of the model is the discovery of estrogen response biomarkers. For this purpose, we focused on genes whose responses are late when the breast cancer cells are treated with estradiol (E2).

Conclusions
Our approach has been validated by successfully finding time order relations between genes of the cell cycle system. More notably, we found late response genes potentially interesting as biomarkers of E2 treatment.
Increased frequency of circulating IL-21 producing Th-cells in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
Authors: Abdulahad Wayel H , Lepse Nikola , Stegeman Coen A , Huitema Minke G , Doornbos-van der Meer Berber , Tadema Henko , Rutgers Abraham , Limburg Pieter C , Kallenberg Cees GM , Heeringa Peter 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The present study aimed to explore a possible role for IL-21 producing Th-cells in the immunopathogenesis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).

Methods
Peripheral blood from 42 GPA patients in remission and 29 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were stimulated in vitro, and the frequencies of IL-21 producing Th-cells were determined by flow cytometry. Since Th17-cells produce a low level of IL-21, IL-17 was also included in the analysis. Given that IL-21 is a hallmark cytokine for T follicular helper cells (TFH), we next evaluated the expression of their key transcription factor BCL-6 by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. To investigate the effect of IL-21 on autoantibody-production, PBMCs from GPA patients were stimulated in vitro with BAFF/IL-21 and total IgG and ANCA levels were measured in supernatants. In addition, the expression of IL-21-receptor on B-cells was analyzed.

Results
Percentages of IL-21 producing Th-cells were significantly elevated in GPA-patients compared to HCs, and were restricted to ANCA-positive patients. The expression of BCL-6 was significantly higher in ANCA-positive GPA-patients, as compared with ANCA-negative patients and HCs. IL-21 enhanced the production of IgG and ANCA in vitro in stimulated PBMCs from GPA patients. No difference was found in the expression of the IL-21-receptor on B-cells between ANCA-negative patients, ANCA-positive patients, and HCs.

Conclusion
The increased frequency of circulating IL-21 producing Th-cells in ANCA-positive GPA patients and the stimulating capacity of IL-21 on ANCA-production suggest a role for these cells in the immunopathogenesis of GPA. Blockade of IL-21 could constitute a new therapeutic strategy for GPA.
Amorphous Photonic Crystals with Only Short‐Range Order
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhang Yafeng , Dong Biqin , Zhan Tianrong , Liu Xiaohan , Zi Jian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDistinct from conventional photonic crystals with both short‐ and long‐range order, amorphous photonic crystals that possess only short‐range order show interesting optical responses owing to their unique structural features. Amorphous photonic crystals exhibit unique light scattering and transport, which lead to a variety of interesting phenomena such as isotropic photonic bandgaps or pseudogaps, noniridescent structural colors, and light localization. Recent experimental and theoretical advances in the study of amorphous photonic crystals are summarized, focusing on their unique optical properties, artificial fabrication, bionspiration, and potential applications.
Much of late life cognitive decline is not due to common neurodegenerative pathologies
Authors: Boyle Patricia A. , Wilson Robert S. , Yu Lei , Barr Alasdair M. , Honer William G. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveThe pathologic indices of Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular disease, and Lewy body disease accumulate in the brains of older persons with and without dementia, but the extent to which they account for late life cognitive decline remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that these pathologic indices account for the majority of late life cognitive decline.MethodsA total of 856 deceased participants from 2 longitudinal clinical–pathologic studies, Rush Memory and Aging Project and Religious Orders Study, completed a mean of 7.5 annual evaluations, including 17 cognitive tests. Neuropathologic examinations provided quantitative measures of global Alzheimer pathology, amyloid load, tangle density, macroscopic infarcts, microinfarcts, and neocortical Lewy bodies. Random coefficient models were used to examine the linear relation of pathologic indices with global cognitive decline. In subsequent analyses, random change point models were used to examine the relation of the pathologic indices with the onset of terminal decline and rates of preterminal and terminal decline (ie, nonlinear decline).ResultsCognition declined a mean of about 0.11U per year (estimate = −0.109, standard error [SE] = 0.004, p < 0.001), with significant individual differences in rates of decline; the variance estimate for the individual slopes was 0.013 (SE = 0.112, p < 0.001). In separate analyses, global Alzheimer pathology, amyloid, tangles, macroscopic infarcts, and neocortical Lewy bodies were associated with faster rates of decline and explained 22%, 6%, 34%, 2%, and 8% of the variation in decline, respectively. When analyzed simultaneously, the pathologic indices accounted for a total of 41% of the variation in decline, and the majority remained unexplained. Furthermore, in random change point models examining the influence of the pathologic indices on the onset of terminal decline and the preterminal and terminal components of the cognitive trajectory, the common pathologic indices accounted for less than a third of the variation in the onset of terminal decline and rates of preterminal and terminal decline.InterpretationThe pathologic indices of the common causes of dementia are important determinants of cognitive decline in old age and account for a large proportion of the variation in late life cognitive decline. Surprisingly, however, much of the variation in cognitive decline remains unexplained, suggesting that other important determinants of cognitive decline remain to be identified. Identification of the mechanisms that contribute to the large unexplained proportion of cognitive decline is urgently needed to prevent late life cognitive decline. Ann Neurol 2013;74:478–489
Population pharmacokinetics of tolvaptan in healthy subjects and patients with hyponatremia secondary to congestive heart failure or hepatic cirrhosis
Authors: Van Wart Scott A. , Shoaf Susan E. , Mallikaarjun Suresh , Mager Donald E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTTolvaptan is a selective V2‐receptor antagonist used to treat hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed for tolvaptan in NONMEM® based upon data obtained from three trials conducted in 93 healthy subjects and six trials conducted in 628 congestive heart failure (CHF) patients or 24 hepatic cirrhosis patients receiving oral tolvaptan (5 to 240 mg). A two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination best described tolvaptan PK. Relative oral bioavailability was modeled relative to 100% for a 30 mg dose and ranged from 79.4% to 122%. Body weight and the impact of CHF or hepatic cirrhosis relative to healthy subjects were statistically significant (p < 0.001) predictors of both the apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent central volume of distribution (Vc/F). The CL/F was reduced to 58.2% for New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class 1 or 2 CHF, 45.5% for NYHA Class 3 or 4 CHF, and 58.0% for hepatic cirrhosis relative to healthy subjects. Vc/F was reduced to 59.9% for NYHA Class 1 or 2 CHF and 51.3% for NYHA Class 3 or 4 CHF, and was 64.8% larger for severe hepatic cirrhosis (Child‐Pugh score ≥ 10) relative to healthy subjects. A slight additional decrease in CL/F of 18.3% was also detected for patients with moderate hyponatremia (serum sodium of 115–130 mEq/l) after adjusting for CHF or cirrhosis (p < 0.001). This population PK model enabled assessment of tolvaptan PK with varying degrees of CHF and hepatic cirrhosis with fluid overload and may be used to explore PK‐PD relationships with respect to fluid and electrolyte balance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.