bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Shoulder Plyometric Training on Amortization Time and Upper-Extremity Kinematics
Authors: Swanik Kathleen A. , Thomas Stephen J. , Struminger Aaron H. , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel , Kelly John D. , Swanik Charles B. 
Published: July 2015

Context:Plyometric training is credited with providing benefits in performance and dynamic restraint. However, limited prospective data exist quantifying kinematic adaptations such as amortization time, glenohumeral rotation, and scapulothoracic position, which may underlie the efficacy of plyometric training for upper-extremity rehabilitation or performance enhancement.Objective:To measure upper-extremity kinematics and plyometric phase times before and after an 8-wk upper-extremity strength- and plyometric-training program.Design:Randomized pretest–posttest design.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 recreationally active men (plyometric group, age 20.43 ± 1.40 y, height 180.00 ± 8.80 cm, weight 73.07 ± 7.21 kg; strength group, age 21.95 ± 3.40 y, height 173.98 ± 11.91 cm, weight 74.79 ± 13.55 kg).Intervention:Participants were randomly assigned to either a strength-training group or a strength- and plyometric-training group. Each participant performed the assigned training for 8 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Dynamic and static glenohumeral and scapular-rotation measurements were taken before and after the training programs. Dynamic measurement of scapular rotation and time spent in each plyometric phase (concentric, eccentric, and amortization) during a ball-toss exercise were recorded while the subjects were fitted with an electromagnetic tracking system. Static measures included scapular upward rotation at 3 different glenohumeral-abduction angles, glenohumeral internal rotation, and glenohumeral external rotation.Results:Posttesting showed that both groups significantly decreased the time spent in the amortization, concentric, and eccentric phases of a ball-toss exercise (P < .01). Both groups also exhibited significantly decreased static external rotation and increased dynamic scapular upward rotation after the training period (P < .01). The only difference between the training protocols was that the plyometric-training group exhibited an increase in internal rotation that was not present in the strength-training group (P < .01).Conclusion:These findings support the use of both upper-extremity plyometrics and strength training for reducing commonly identified upper-extremity-injury risk factors and improving upper-extremity performance.
Comparison of FilmArray and Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR for Detection of Zaire Ebolavirus from Contrived and Clinical Specimens
Authors: Southern Timothy R. , Racsa Lori D. , Albariño César G. , Fey Paul D. , Hinrichs Steven H. , Murphy Caitlin N. , Herrera Vicki L. , Sambol Anthony R. , Hill Charles E. , Ryan Emily L. , Kraft Colleen S. , Campbell Shelley , Sealy Tara K. , Schuh Amy , Ritchie James C. , Lyon G. Marshall , Mehta Aneesh K. , Varkey Jay B. , Ribner Bruce S. , Brantly Kent P. , Ströher Ute , Iwen Peter C. , Burd Eileen M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Rapid, reliable, and easy-to-use diagnostic assays for detection of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) are urgently needed. The goal of this study was to examine the agreement among emergency use authorization (EUA) tests for the detection of ZEBOV nucleic acids, including the BioFire FilmArray BioThreat (BT) panel, the FilmArray BT-E panel, and the NP2 and VP40 quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (qRT) PCR assays from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Specimens used in this study included whole blood spiked with inactivated ZEBOV at known titers and whole-blood, plasma, and urine clinical specimens collected from persons diagnosed with Ebola virus disease (EVD). The agreement for FilmArray and qRT-PCR results using contrived whole-blood specimens was 100% (6/6 specimens) for each ZEBOV dilution from 4 × 10
7
to 4 × 10
2
50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID
50
)/ml, as well as the no-virus negative-control sample. The limit of detection for FilmArray and qRT-PCR assays with inactivated ZEBOV, based on duplicate positive results, was determined to be 4 × 10
2
TCID
50
/ml. Rates of agreement between FilmArray and qRT-PCR results for clinical specimens from patients with EVD were 85% (23/27 specimens) for whole-blood specimens, 90% (18/20 specimens) for whole-blood specimens tested by FilmArray testing and matched plasma specimens tested by qRT-PCR testing, and 85% (11/13 specimens) for urine specimens. Among 60 specimens, eight discordant results were noted, with ZEBOV nucleic acids being detected only by FilmArray testing in four specimens and only by qRT-PCR testing in the remaining four specimens. These findings demonstrate that the rapid and easy-to-use FilmArray panels are effective tests for evaluating patients with EVD.
Impact of Aviation on Climate: FAA’s Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI) Phase II
Authors: Brasseur Guy P. , Gupta Mohan , Anderson Bruce E. , Balasubramanian Sathya , Barrett Steven , Duda David , Fleming Gregg , Forster Piers M. , Fuglestvedt Jan , Gettelman Andrew , Halthore Rangasayi N. , Jacob S. Daniel , Jacobson Mark Z. , Khodayari Arezoo , Liou Kuo-Nan , Lund Marianne T. , Miake-Lye Richard C. , Minnis Patrick , Olsen Seth , Penner Joyce E. , Prinn Ronald , Schumann Ulrich , Selkirk Henry B. , Sokolov Andrei , Unger Nadine , Wolfe Philip , Wong Hsi-Wu , Wuebbles Donald W. , Yi Bingqi , Yang Ping , Zhou Cheng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Under the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI), non-CO2 climatic impacts of commercial aviation are assessed for current (2006) and for future (2050) baseline and mitigation scenarios. The effects of the non-CO2 aircraft emissions are examined using a number of advanced climate and atmospheric chemistry transport models. Radiative forcing (RF) estimates for individual forcing effects are provided as a range for comparison against those published in the literature. Preliminary results for selected RF components for 2050 scenarios indicate that a 2% increase in fuel efficiency and a decrease in NOx emissions due to advanced aircraft technologies and operational procedures, as well as the introduction of renewable alternative fuels, will significantly decrease future aviation climate impacts. In particular, the use of renewable fuels will further decrease RF associated with sulfate aerosol and black carbon. While this focused ACCRI program effort has yielded significant new knowledge, fundamental uncertainties remain in our understanding of aviation climate impacts. These include several chemical and physical processes associated with NOx–O3–CH4 interactions and the formation of aviation-produced contrails and the effects of aviation soot aerosols on cirrus clouds as well as on deriving a measure of change in temperature from RF for aviation non-CO2 climate impacts—an important metric that informs decision-making.
The Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE): An Airborne and Ground-Based Exploration of Gravity Wave Propagation and Effects from Their Sources throughout the Lower and Middle Atmosphere
Authors: Fritts David C. , Smith Ronald B. , Taylor Michael J. , Doyle James D. , Eckermann Stephen D. , Dörnbrack Andreas , Rapp Markus , Williams Bifford P. , Pautet P.-Dominique , Bossert Katrina , Criddle Neal R. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Reinecke P. Alex , Uddstrom Michael , Revell Michael J. , Turner Richard , Kaifler Bernd , Wagner Johannes S. , Mixa Tyler , Kruse Christopher G. , Nugent Alison D. , Watson Campbell D. , Gisinger Sonja , Smith Steven M. , Lieberman Ruth S. , Laughman Brian , Moore James J. , Brown William O. , Haggerty Julie A. , Rockwell Alison , Stossmeister Gregory J. , Williams Steven F. , Hernandez Gonzalo , Murphy Damian J. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Reid Iain M. , Ma Jun 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) was designed to quantify gravity wave (GW) dynamics and effects from orographic and other sources to regions of dissipation at high altitudes. The core DEEPWAVE field phase took place from May through July 2014 using a comprehensive suite of airborne and ground-based instruments providing measurements from Earth’s surface to ∼100 km. Austral winter was chosen to observe deep GW propagation to high altitudes. DEEPWAVE was based on South Island, New Zealand, to provide access to the New Zealand and Tasmanian “hotspots” of GW activity and additional GW sources over the Southern Ocean and Tasman Sea. To observe GWs up to ∼100 km, DEEPWAVE utilized three new instruments built specifically for the National Science Foundation (NSF)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Gulfstream V (GV): a Rayleigh lidar, a sodium resonance lidar, and an advanced mesosphere temperature mapper. These measurements were supplemented by in situ probes, dropsondes, and a microwave temperature profiler on the GV and by in situ probes and a Doppler lidar aboard the German DLR Falcon. Extensive ground-based instrumentation and radiosondes were deployed on South Island, Tasmania, and Southern Ocean islands. Deep orographic GWs were a primary target but multiple flights also observed deep GWs arising from deep convection, jet streams, and frontal systems. Highlights include the following: 1) strong orographic GW forcing accompanying strong cross-mountain flows, 2) strong high-altitude responses even when orographic forcing was weak, 3) large-scale GWs at high altitudes arising from jet stream sources, and 4) significant flight-level energy fluxes and often very large momentum fluxes at high altitudes.
Development of a Dynamics-Based Statistical Prediction Model for the Changma Onset
Authors: Park Hae-li , Seo Kyong-Hwan , Son Jun-Hyeok 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The timing of the changma onset has high impacts on the Korean Peninsula, yet its seasonal prediction remains a great challenge because the changma undergoes various influences from the tropics, subtropics, and midlatitudes. In this study, a dynamics-based statistical prediction model for the changma onset is proposed. This model utilizes three predictors of slowly varying sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the northern tropical central Pacific, the North Atlantic, and the North Pacific occurring in the preceding spring season. SSTAs associated with each predictor persist until June and have an effect on the changma onset by inducing an anticyclonic anomaly to the southeast of the Korean Peninsula earlier than the climatological changma onset date. The persisting negative SSTAs over the northern tropical central Pacific and accompanying anomalous trade winds induce enhanced convection over the far-western tropical Pacific; in turn, these induce a cyclonic anomaly over the South China Sea and an anticyclonic anomaly southeast of the Korean Peninsula. The diabatic heating and cooling tendency related to the North Atlantic dipolar SSTAs induces downstream Rossby wave propagation in the upper troposphere, developing a barotropic anticyclonic anomaly to the south of the Korean Peninsula. A westerly wind anomaly at around 45°N resulting from the developing positive SSTAs over the North Pacific directly reduces the strength of the Okhotsk high and gives rise to an anticyclonic anomaly southeast of the Korean Peninsula. With the dynamics-based statistical prediction model, it is demonstrated that the changma onset has considerable predictability of r = 0.73 for the period from 1982 to 2014.
Kelvin Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Global Survey
Authors: Schreck Carl J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Convectively coupled atmospheric Kelvin waves are among the most prominent sources of synoptic-scale rainfall variability in the tropics, but large uncertainties surround their role in tropical cyclogenesis. This study identifies the modulation of tropical cyclones relative to the passage of a Kelvin wave’s peak rainfall (i.e., its crest) in each basin. Tropical cyclogenesis is generally inhibited for 3 days before the crest and enhanced for 3 days afterward. Composites of storms forming in the most favorable lags illustrate the dynamical impacts of the waves. In most basins, the tropical cyclone actually forms during the convectively suppressed phase of the wave. The 850-hPa equatorial westerly anomalies provide the cyclonic vorticity for the nascent storm, and 200-hPa easterly anomalies enhance the outflow. The wind anomalies persist at both levels longer than the Kelvin wave’s period and are often related to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The onset of these wind anomalies occurs with the Kelvin wave passage, while the MJO apparently establishes their duration. Many of the composites also show evidence of an easterly wave from which the tropical cyclone develops. The composite easterly wave amplifies or even initiates within the Kelvin wave crest. These results show the importance of Kelvin waves interacting with the MJO and easterly waves during tropical cyclogenesis. Given that Kelvin waves often circumnavigate the globe, these results show promise for long-range forecasting of tropical cyclogenesis in all basins.
An integrative pan-cancer-wide analysis of epigenetic enzymes reveals universal patterns of epigenomic deregulation in cancer
Authors: Yang Zhen , Jones Allison , Widschwendter Martin , Teschendorff Andrew E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Background
One of the most important recent findings in cancer genomics is the identification of novel driver mutations which often target genes that regulate genome-wide chromatin and DNA methylation marks. Little is known, however, as to whether these genes exhibit patterns of epigenomic deregulation that transcend cancer types.

Results
Here we conduct an integrative pan-cancer-wide analysis of matched RNA-Seq and DNA methylation data across ten different cancer types. We identify seven tumor suppressor and eleven oncogenic epigenetic enzymes which display patterns of deregulation and association with genome-wide cancer DNA methylation patterns, which are largely independent of cancer type. In doing so, we provide evidence that genome-wide cancer hyper- and hypo- DNA methylation patterns are independent processes, controlled by distinct sets of epigenetic enzyme genes. Using causal network modeling, we predict a number of candidate drivers of cancer DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation. Finally, we show that the genomic loci whose DNA methylation levels associate most strongly with expression of these putative drivers are highly consistent across cancer types.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that there exist universal patterns of epigenomic deregulation that transcend cancer types, and that intra-tumor levels of genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and hypermethylation are controlled by distinct processes.
Hierarchical distance-based fuzzy approach to evaluate urban water supply systems in a semi-arid region
Authors: Yekta Tahereh Sadeghi , Khazaei Mohammad , Nabizadeh Ramin , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Nasseri Simin , Yari Ahmad Reza 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Hierarchical distance-based fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making was served as a tool to evaluate the drinking water supply systems of Qom, a semi-arid city located in central part of Iran. A list of aspects consisting of 6 criteria and 35 sub-criteria were evaluated based on a linguistic term set by five decision-makers. Four water supply alternatives including “Public desalinated distribution system”, “PET Bottled Drinking Water”, “Private desalinated water suppliers” and “Household desalinated water units” were assessed based on criteria and sub-criteria.
Data were aggregated and normalized to apply Performance Ratings of Alternatives. Also, the Performance Ratings of Alternatives were aggregated again to achieve the Aggregate Performance Ratings. The weighted distances from ideal solution and anti-ideal solution were calculated after secondary normalization. The proximity of each alternative to the ideal solution was determined as the final step. The alternatives were ranked based on the magnitude of ideal solutions.
Results showed that “Public desalinated distribution system” was the most appropriate alternative to supply the drinking needs of Qom population. Also, “PET Bottled Drinking Water” was the second acceptable option. A novel classification of alternatives to satisfy the drinking water requirements was proposed which is applicable for the other cities located in semi-arid regions of Iran.
The health issues were considered as independent criterion, distinct from the environmental issues. The constraints of high-tech alternatives were also considered regarding to the level of dependency on overseas.
Acute Sleep Loss Induces Tissue-Specific Epigenetic and Transcriptional Alterations to Circadian Clock Genes in Men
Authors: Cedernaes Jonathan , Osler Megan E. , Voisin Sarah , Broman Jan-Erik , Vogel Heike , Dickson Suzanne L. , Zierath Juleen R. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Benedict Christian 
Published: July 2015

Context:
Shift workers are at increased risk of metabolic morbidities. Clock genes are known to regulate metabolic processes in peripheral tissues, eg, glucose oxidation.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate how clock genes are affected at the epigenetic and transcriptional level in peripheral human tissues following acute total sleep deprivation (TSD), mimicking shift work with extended wakefulness.

Intervention:
In a randomized, two-period, two-condition, crossover clinical study, 15 healthy men underwent two experimental sessions: x sleep (2230–0700 h) and overnight wakefulness. On the subsequent morning, serum cortisol was measured, followed by skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies for DNA methylation and gene expression analyses of core clock genes (BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1, PER1). Finally, baseline and 2-h post-oral glucose load plasma glucose concentrations were determined.

Main Outcome Measures:
In adipose tissue, acute sleep deprivation vs sleep increased methylation in the promoter of CRY1 (+4%; P = .026) and in two promoter-interacting enhancer regions of PER1 (+15%; P = .036; +9%; P = .026). In skeletal muscle, TSD vs sleep decreased gene expression of BMAL1 (−18%; P = .033) and CRY1 (−22%; P = .047). Concentrations of serum cortisol, which can reset peripheral tissue clocks, were decreased (2449 ± 932 vs 3178 ± 723 nmol/L; P = .039), whereas postprandial plasma glucose concentrations were elevated after TSD (7.77 ± 1.63 vs 6.59 ± 1.32 mmol/L; P = .011).

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that a single night of wakefulness can alter the epigenetic and transcriptional profile of core circadian clock genes in key metabolic tissues. Tissue-specific clock alterations could explain why shift work may disrupt metabolic integrity as observed herein.
Open data and co-production of public value of BBC Backstage
Authors: Lin Yuwei 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Openly accessible data sets (open data) have been recognized as valuable assets for creating business opportunities, revitalizing innovation and transparentizing organizational conducts. Public Service Broadcasters (PSB) such as the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) have been motivated to experiment with open data and new forms of innovation in content making, delivery and audience engagement. Through a case study of the BBC Backstage project, this article examines how such open innovation processes of engaging the public in the reuse and remix of open data were conceived, supported, managed and maintained. The research found that BBC Backstage had played an important role in encouraging and motivating people to reuse and repurpose the open data released by the BBC. New forms of outputs have emerged, as seen in the Data Arts visualization project and the R&DTV clips mashups. The article argues that PSB public value can be co-produced through opening up data sets, encouraging reuse and remix, and building up a network of enthusiastic and capable active audiences, the techno-elites, whose status has been encouraged the open data culture and alike. Lessons learned can help understand the meanings of open data from the PSB perspective, and the implications in media industry thereby foster innovation in future media and creative industries.
A Construção do Projeto Político Pedagógico: Contribuições da Pesquisa-Ação Colaborativa
Authors: Sarmento Dirléia Fanfa , Casagrande Cledes Antônio 
Published: July 2015

O texto analisa o processo constitutivo do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) de uma Secretaria Municipal de Educação, situada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), enfatizando as contribuições da pesquisa-ação colaborativa enquanto postura que alimenta o compromisso político, o pensamento crítico e as relações cooperativas para a constituição de comunidades de aprendizagem. Articula as reflexões oriundas de uma análise meta-analítica do próprio processo investigativo com a constituição do Projeto em tela, tendo como protagonistas os profissionais da educação que atuam na Secretaria de Educação. Os achados (decorrentes da análise do conteúdo de documentos, dos registros de observações dos encontros formativos no Diário de Campo e das entrevistas) sinalizam para as seguintes contribuições da pesquisa-ação colaborativa para o processo em foco: a) o empoderamento e o protagonismo dos sujeitos envolvidos na construção do PPP; b) a reflexão sobre a própria práxis; c) a (re)construção de conceitos e a revisão de concepções através da investigação-ação-formação; d) a possibilidade de uma incursão aprofundada no fenômeno investigado na medida em que se dá continuidade ao movimento espiralado típico da pesquisa-ação. Destacamos a questão temporal da pesquisa, pois quando almejamos transformações é necessário um processo longo e constante de reflexão-ação-crítica. Assim, os impactos decorrentes da pesquisa-ação não são imediatos, mas expectáveis com o decorrer do tempo. Tais impactos podem se constituir em fonte geradora de novas investigações.
The status of adolescent medicine: building a global adolescent workforce
Authors: Lee Lana , Upadhya Krishna K. , Matson Pamela A. , Adger Hoover , Trent Maria E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Remarkable public health achievements to reduce infant and child mortality as well as improve the health and well-being of children worldwide have successfully resulted in increased survival and a growing population of young people aged 10–24 years. Population trends indicate that the current generation of 1.8 billion young people is the largest in history. However, there is a scarcity of dedicated resources available to effectively meet the health needs of adolescents and young adults worldwide. Growing recognition of the pivotal roles young people play in the cultures, societies, and countries in which they live has spurred an expanding global movement to address the needs of this special population. Building an effective global workforce of highly-skilled adolescent health professionals who understand the unique biological, psychological, behavioral, social, and environmental factors that affect the health of adolescents is a critical step in addressing the health needs of the growing cohort of young people. In this review, we aim to: 1) define a global assessment of the health needs for adolescents around the world; 2) describe examples of current training programs and requirements in adolescent medicine; 3) identify existing gaps and barriers to develop an effective adolescent health workforce; and 4) develop a call for targeted actions to build capacity of the adolescent health workforce, broaden culturally relevant research and evidence-based intervention strategies, and reinforce existing interdisciplinary global networks of youth advocates and adolescent health professionals to maximize the opportunities for training, research, and care delivery.