bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of odontoid fractures: a study from the Swedish fracture register
Authors: Baranto Dawid , Steinke Julia , Blixt Simon , Gerdhem Paul , Beck Joel , Westin Olof , Horvath Alexandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study is to characterize the occurrence of odontoid fractures within a Swedish population.

Methods
Prospective data of adults diagnosed with an odontoid fracture between 2015 and 2021 were retrieved from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR). Epidemiologic data including age, sex, injury mechanism, injury type, fracture type (Anderson and D’Alonzo classification), neurological status and treatment type were requested from the SFR. Data pertinent to osteoporosis was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register.

Results
A total of 1,154 odontoid fractures were identified, of which 30 were type I fractures, 583 type II fractures, and 541 type III fractures. The mean (Standard Deviation [SD]) age was 77.2 (13.8) years. The prevalence of osteoporosis and neurological deficits did not differ between the fracture types. The majority of patients were treated non-surgically (81%). Male sex and patient age 18–30 years were commonly associated with a high-injury mechanism, especially motor vehicle accidents. In the type II fracture group, significantly more patients had fallen from standing height or less than in the type III group (66% vs. 58%, p = 0.01) while in contrast, motor vehicle accidents were more common in the type III fracture group (12% vs. type II: 8%, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Based on the SFR, the typical odontoid fracture patient is older and suffers a type II fracture. Most injuries were caused by low-energy trauma although in younger patients and males, they were associated with motor vehicle accidents. Across the patient population, odontoid fractures were usually treated non-surgically.
Explicitly Correlated Gaussians with Tensor Pre-factors: Analytic Matrix Elements
Authors: Fedorov D. V. , Teilmann A. F. , Østerlund M. C. , Norrbohm T. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider a specific form of explicitly correlated Gaussians—with tensor pre-factors—which appear naturally when dealing with certain few-body systems in nuclear and particle physics. We derive analytic matrix elements with these Gaussians—overlap, kinetic energy, and Coulomb potential—to be used in variational calculations of those systems. We also perform a quick test of the derived formulae by applying them to p- and d-waves of the hydrogen atom.
Algebraic Varieties in Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Faulstich Fabian M. , Sturmfels Bernd , Sverrisdóttir Svala 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe develop algebraic geometry for coupled cluster (CC) theory of quantum many-body systems. The high-dimensional eigenvalue problems that encode the electronic Schrödinger equation are approximated by a hierarchy of polynomial systems at various levels of truncation. The exponential parametrization of the eigenstates gives rise to truncation varieties. These generalize Grassmannians in their Plücker embedding. We explain how to derive Hamiltonians, we offer a detailed study of truncation varieties and their CC degrees, and we present the state of the art in solving the CC equations.
Trajectory planning with multiplatform spacetime RRT*
Authors: Burzyński Wojciech , Stecz Wojciech 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article presents a method of planning the flight trajectory of a swarm of drones using a modified RRT (Rapidly-exploring Random Tree) algorithm. The version of the RRT algorithm presented in the article is called Multiplatform Spacetime RRT*. The proposed modifications make it possible to determine the flight trajectory of UAVs taking into account time constraints related to the area occupied by each platform. Additionally, the proposed algorithm ensures the avoidance of potential collisions of platforms in the air by using a collision avoidance algorithm used in practice based on geometric methods. Two designed and tested modifications of RRT were presented, based on the basic RRT* and Informed RRT* algorithms. The algorithm used in both tested versions guarantees the determination of the optimal flight path for unmanned platforms in a finite, small number of steps, which solely depends on the number of UAVs involved. This algorithm takes into account the dynamic model of the fixed-wing UAV. The simulation results presented by planning the flight trajectory of a swarm, consisting of three and four UAVs using the Multiplatform Spacetime RRT* algorithm, are significantly better than the algorithms that were compared to achieve these results.
Greatest Good for the Greatest Number – the Role of Managers’ Ethical Meaning-Making and Subjective Wellbeing Complexity
Authors: Mishra Archana , Newey Lance , Spee Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the appeal of ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ as an ethical ideal for businesses to pursue, applying this utilitarian principle in practice proves challenging. This is not least due to fundamental disagreements as to what constitutes the ‘greatest good.’ For example, the concept of ‘wellbeing’ now commonly proposed as a way of apprehending the greatest good is itself subject to widely varying interpretations. Drawing on an in-depth qualitative study of 64 managers in different sectors and country contexts, we explore this variation through the lens of constructivist ethics, asking how and why managers systematically differ in their ethical meaning-making around wellbeing. Our theorizing advances constructivist ethics by relating these differences to developmental stages identified in constructivist psychology, finding that systematic variations in ethical meaning-making are shaped by differences in actors’ capacities to process complexity. Our analysis reveals that managers’ ethical meaning-making about wellbeing is subjective, socially constructed, dynamic, and evolutionary, progressing in stages that we differentiate with a novel concept of ‘subjective wellbeing complexity.’ We contribute to practice by discussing how managers’ ability to work with more complex conceptions of wellbeing can be purposefully enhanced through stage-by-stage capacity-building in the form of ‘vertical development.’
Exploring barriers in the transition toward an established e-waste management system in Brazil: a multiple-case study of the formal sector
Authors: Frantz Schneider Alice , Aanestad Margunn , Carvalho Tereza Cristina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrazil is the largest generator of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) in Latin America but faces significant challenges with its management. This study investigates barriers to the growth of the formal sector in transitioning toward an established e-waste management system in the country. Driven by sustainability transitions research, it applies a transition management approach to e-waste management. The study presents the results of field studies conducted in four organizations with different levels of recycling operations. The results show several barriers, for instance, a lack of processes for the complete separation of metals, high reverse logistics cost, a lack of transparency throughout the supply chains, concern with data security, and a lack of financial incentives and policy integration. The study highlights various initiatives from the organizations that assist in tackling some of the identified barriers and shed light on possible transition pathways. The study provides a perspective from e-waste management organizations and policy insights to strengthen e-waste management in the country.
Kinetic analysis of reversible solid-gas reactions in films: application to the decomposition of CaCO$$_3$$ and BaCO$$_3$$ carbonates
Authors: Sanchez-Rodriguez Daniel , Zaidi Sihem , Riera Genis , Planella Anna , Dammak Mohamed , Roura-Grabulosa Pere , Farjas Jordi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo determine the decomposition conditions of carbonates in the form of films, we investigated the dependence of the kinetics on carbon dioxide partial pressure, temperature and film thickness. Three different analyses allow us to determine the functional dependence of the decomposition onset temperature on the CO$$_2$$

2

partial pressure, of the reaction rate on the temperature and of the kinetics on the film thickness. The latter analysis also reveals geometrical aspects of the reaction mechanism. Experiments have been carried out with CaCO$$_3$$

3

and BaCO$$_3$$

3

films. The simple geometry of the films and their relatively fast heat and gas transport allow the reaction kinetics to be easily explored.
DSC of biodegradable plastic composites material
Authors: Nowak Agnieszka J. , Waśkiewicz Sylwia , Baszczeńska Oliwia , Niesporek Kamil , Król Mariusz , Hajnyš Jiří 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article presents the thermal analysis of new, fully biodegradable thermoplastic composites filled with natural additives. The samples were made of thermoplastic material with the trade name BIOPLAST® GS 1289, and the natural filler was powder from walnut shells and chicken egg shells in various mass proportions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used to assess the quality of the new materials obtained. Moreover, it allowed to determine and select technological parameters of processing and explain the occurrence of undesirable phenomena related to the processing of these materials. The thermal properties of the obtained samples were determined using a Mettler-Toledo DSC 3 scanning calorimeter by the ISO 11357 standard. The analysis was carried out using the following method: conditioning the sample for 10 min at − 20 °C and heating from − 20 to 180 °C at a 10 K min−1 speed. Each sample was subjected to three measurements according to the given method, the first and second cycle in a row, and the third cycle was performed after 24 h. The mass melt flow rate (MFR) was also determined. The critical share of filler in the matrix (BIOPLAST® GS 1289) and the influence of natural fillers on signals on the curve were determined, and it was related to the processing properties of the developed materials.
Spatial entropy as an inductive bias for vision transformers
Authors: Peruzzo Elia , Sangineto Enver , Liu Yahui , De Nadai Marco , Bi Wei , Lepri Bruno , Sebe Nicu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent work on Vision Transformers (VTs) showed that introducing a local inductive bias in the VT architecture helps reducing the number of samples necessary for training. However, the architecture modifications lead to a loss of generality of the Transformer backbone, partially contradicting the push towards the development of uniform architectures, shared, e.g., by both the Computer Vision and the Natural Language Processing areas. In this work, we propose a different and complementary direction, in which a local bias is introduced using an auxiliary self-supervised task, performed jointly with standard supervised training. Specifically, we exploit the observation that the attention maps of VTs, when trained with self-supervision, can contain a semantic segmentation structure which does not spontaneously emerge when training is supervised. Thus, we explicitly encourage the emergence of this spatial clustering as a form of training regularization. In more detail, we exploit the assumption that, in a given image, objects usually correspond to few connected regions, and we propose a spatial formulation of the information entropy to quantify this object-based inductive bias. By minimizing the proposed spatial entropy, we include an additional self-supervised signal during training. Using extensive experiments, we show that the proposed regularization leads to equivalent or better results than other VT proposals which include a local bias by changing the basic Transformer architecture, and it can drastically boost the VT final accuracy when using small-medium training sets. The code is available at https://github.com/helia95/SAR.
Methodology and evaluation in sports analytics: challenges, approaches, and lessons learned
Authors: Davis Jesse , Bransen Lotte , Devos Laurens , Jaspers Arne , Meert Wannes , Robberechts Pieter , Van Haaren Jan , Van Roy Maaike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere has been an explosion of data collected about sports. Because such data is extremely rich and complex, machine learning is increasingly being used to extract actionable insights from it. Typically, machine learning is used to build models and indicators that capture the skills, capabilities, and tendencies of athletes and teams. Such indicators and models are in turn used to inform decision-making at professional clubs. Designing these indicators requires paying careful attention to a number of subtle issues from a methodological and evaluation perspective. In this paper, we highlight these challenges in sports and discuss a variety of approaches for handling them. Methodologically, we highlight that dependencies affect how to perform data partitioning for evaluation as well as the need to consider contextual factors. From an evaluation perspective, we draw a distinction between evaluating the developed indicators themselves versus the underlying models that power them. We argue that both aspects must be considered, but that they require different approaches. We hope that this article helps bridge the gap between traditional sports expertise and modern data analytics by providing a structured framework with practical examples.
Corporate carbon accounting: balance sheets and flow statements
Authors: Reichelstein Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent corporate disclosures regarding carbon emissions lack generally accepted accounting rules. The transactional carbon accounting system described here takes the rules of historical cost accounting for operating assets as a template for generating carbon emissions (CE) statements comprising a balance sheet and a flow statement. The asset side of the CE balance sheet reports the carbon emissions embodied in operating assets. The liability side conveys the firm’s cumulative direct emissions into the atmosphere as well as the cumulative emissions embodied in goods acquired from suppliers less those sold to customers. Flow statements report the company’s annual corporate carbon footprint calculated as the cradle-to-gate carbon footprint of goods sold during the current period. Taken together, balance sheets and flow statements generate key performance indicators of a company’s past, current, and future performance in the domain of carbon emissions.
Same Same or Different? Pay Referents and Unfairness Perceptions in Two Employment Arrangements
Authors: Klumb Petra L. , Gahrmann Caroline , Piskernik Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhich reference information do nurses select to evaluate pay and does their employment arrangement matter? To answer these questions, we investigated the role of three types of reference information (perceived responsibility, social appreciation from colleagues and patients) in pay unfairness evaluations of Swiss temporary and staff nurses. Since unfair pay signals a lack of worth, we examined the role of social appreciation from the two sources as boundary condition for the effects of pay unfairness on exhaustion and job satisfaction. We analyzed our time-lagged survey data from 262 staff nurses and 120 temporary nurses using a multi-group framework. The effect of pay unfairness on job satisfaction – but not on exhaustion – was stronger in temporary nurses than in staff nurses. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find evidence that social appreciation from colleagues or patients moderated the effects of pay unfairness on job satisfaction and exhaustion. Follow-up analyses showed, however, that staff nurses rely on perceived responsibility and colleagues’ appreciation to gauge pay unfairness. Temporary nurses, in contrast, considered social appreciation on the output side, consistently for both sources of appreciation. This pattern of findings suggests that the comparison processes underlying fairness evaluations are not uniform across different employment arrangements. From a practical perspective, the findings imply that appreciation will not do as compensation for pay staff nurses perceive as unfair.
Observing logics: revisiting reason in The Brothers Karamazov
Authors: Kim Eric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVery often in frameworks for and presentations of The Brothers Karamazov, the modern reading public attempts to divide characters by their ability to reason. Usually Ivan is remembered for his reason, pitted against Dmitri’s passion. Adapting some terminology from mathematical logic, I propose and trace a different approach to reason in Dostoevsky’s text, to recast its canonical characters into alternative, though still fluid, categories. This exercise aims not to reinscribe or to reinterpret Dostoevsky’s novel but rather to reconsider an aspect of reasoning, specifically modes or forms of logic. With an admittedly imperfect mapping of characters onto these logical structures, this article encourages the ways in which we can trouble notions of stable reason and sound logic as they operate in the novel.
Beliefs, delusions, hinge commitments
Authors: Pritchard Duncan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is argued that in order to properly engage with the debate regarding the ethics of belief one first needs to determine the nature of the propositional attitude in question. This point is illustrated by discussing a related topic from social philosophy, broadly conceived, concerning the nature of, and inter-relationship between, delusions and the Wittgensteinian notion of a hinge commitment. Are we to understand either or both of these notions as beliefs? Are delusions a kind of hinge commitment? In answering these questions we will appeal to a distinction between folk belief and knowledge-apt belief. It is argued that while both delusions and hinge commitments count as beliefs in the former sense, neither is a belief in the latter sense. Moreover, once we understand what is involved in the notion of a hinge commitment, it will also become clear why delusions are not hinge commitments. It is claimed that by gaining an understanding of delusions and hinge commitments, and thereby of two fundamental ways of thinking about belief, we will be in a better position to determine what is at issue in the ethics of belief debate.
Role of UV radiation and oxidation on polyethylene micro- and nanoplastics: impacts on cadmium sorption, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in fish intestinal cells
Authors: Pinto Estefanía Pereira , Scott Justin , Hess Kendra , Paredes Estefanía , Bellas Juan , Gonzalez-Estrella Jorge , Minghetti Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and oxidation in high-density polyethylene microplastics (2–15 μm) and nanoplastics (0.2–9.9 μm) (NMPs) on particle chemistry, morphology, and reactivity with cadmium (Cd). Additionally, toxicity of NMPs alone and with Cd was evaluated using RTgutGC cells, a model of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine. The role on NMPs on Cd bioaccumulation in RTgutGC cells was also evaluated. Dynamic light scattering indicated that after UV radiation NPs agglomerated size increased from 0.8 to 28 µm, and to 8 µm when Cd was added. Oxidized MPs agglomerated size increased from 11 and 7 to 46 and 27 µm in non-UV- and UV-aged oxidized MPs when adding Cd, respectively. Cd-coated particles exhibited generally significantly higher zeta potential than non-Cd-coated particles, while attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the functional chemistry of the particles was oxidized and modified after being exposed to UV radiation. Presence of NMPs resulted in a significant decrease in Cd bioaccumulation in RTgutGC cells (100.5–87.9 ng Cd/mg protein) compared to Cd alone (138.1 ng Cd/mg protein), although this was not quite significant for co-exposures with UV-aged NPs (105.7 ng Cd/mg protein). No toxicity was observed in RTgutGC cells exposed to NMPs alone for 24 h. Moreover, co-exposures with Cd indicated that NMPs reduce the toxicity of Cd. Altogether these results show that UV aging enhances NMP surface reactivity, increasing Cd absorption in solution, which resulted in a reduction in Cd bioavailability and toxicity.
Sexual hormones monitoring in surface waters and wastewaters from Northern Italy by thin film microextraction coupled with HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Merlo Francesca , Quarta Valentina , Speltini Andrea , Profumo Antonella , Fontàs Clàudia , Anticó Enriqueta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe occurrence of sex steroid hormones, viz. oestrogens and progestins, in aquatic ecosystems is of global concern due to their role as endocrine disrupting chemicals, even at low concentration (μg L−1 or less). Thus, it is essential to monitor these organic pollutants to get a realistic picture of their presence and to control their contamination levels in environmental water bodies. In this respect, we have explored the use of self-prepared polymeric films as novel sorptive phase for the microextraction of 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, estrone, progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate and hydroxyprogesterone. The thin film microextraction procedure has been developed, evaluating different film compositions, sample volumes and elution conditions to recover the sorbed analytes. The overall method provides good reproducibility (RSD < 12%) and recoveries higher than 60%. The final method has been applied to environmental monitoring in surface waters (river and lake samples) and urban wastewater treatment plant effluents and influents from Northern Italy, to get a contamination snapshot of this highly urbanized area.
Are corporate affiliations conducive to nascent entrepreneurship?
Authors: Hopp Christian , Pruschak Gernot , Krebs Michel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFounding an entrepreneurial venture does not comprise a dichotomous choice between market entry and non-entry; instead, a wide variety of entrepreneurial strategies are available to the nascent entrepreneur. Using data from the second Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED II), a representative sample of nascent entrepreneurial activity in the United States, this study documents that nascent entrepreneurs generally choose between founding an independent new venture and following a type of corporate-affiliated entrepreneurial strategy (CAES), such as a franchise, spin-off, or similar approach. The success of this decision is contingent upon entrepreneurs’ stock of human capital. Relevant industry experiences tend to reduce the likelihood of an entrepreneur employing a CAES, while managerial experience and previous start-up experience increases the probability. Overall, those nascent entrepreneurs who follow a CAES are more likely to achieve a first positive cash-flow; this highlights the benefits of corporate affiliations in the field of new venture founding.
Graphene-Based Field-Effect Photodetector with HgCdTe Absorber
Authors: Sheremet Volodymyr , Rabbe Md Fazle , Jacobs Randy N. , Avrutin Vitaliy , Ӧzgür Ümit , Dhar Nibir K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA field-effect photodetector structure composed of an Al2O3-encapsulated bilayer graphene conductive channel attached to an Al2O3 dielectric layer deposited on a HgCdTe absorbing layer on CdTe/Si <211> was studied. Ti/Au ohmic contacts to the graphene layer were used as drain and source electrodes and back-gate voltage was applied to the Si substrate. It was demonstrated that 80% and 10% modulation of the graphene channel conductivity can be achieved under blue (50 W/cm2) and infrared (IR) (0.02 W/cm2) illumination, respectively, at a gate voltage of 7 V. Detector responsivity was measured as 406 A/W and 1.83 A/W under IR lamp and 405-nm laser irradiation, respectively, with corresponding gain values of 340 and 5.6. The detectivity of the 4 × 4 photodetector arrays was on the order of 1010 Jones for the mid-wave infrared wavelength range (3–5 μm).