bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of recombinant porcine factor VIII in Japanese patients with acquired hemophilia A
Authors: Seki Yoshinobu , Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Kikuchi Takahide , Sakaida Emiko , Mizuta Yuki , Kitagawa Tadayuki , Takemura Kazuhiko , Miyaguchi Yasuo , Nogami Keiji , Matsushita Tadashi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies inhibiting human factor VIII (hFVIII). This phase II/III open-label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of recombinant porcine factor VIII (rpFVIII, susoctocog alfa) in adults with AHA and severe bleeding episodes in Japan (NCT04580407). The initial rpFVIII dose was 200 U/kg, with subsequent doses based on clinical measures including plasma FVIII activity. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of severe bleeding episodes with a positive response to rpFVIII therapy 24 h after treatment initiation. Five patients were eligible for, and completed, rpFVIII treatment (age group: 60s–80s; median hFVIII inhibitor: 52 BU/mL; porcine FVIII [pFVIII] inhibitor: 3/5 patients). The median (range) total dose/patient was 548.4 (198–1803) U/kg with a median 3.0 infusions/patient. All patients responded positively to rpFVIII therapy at 24 h regardless of baseline pFVIII inhibitor status. rpFVIII treatment was well tolerated with no adverse events of special interest such as thromboembolic events or de novo pFVIII inhibitors. This study supports the use of rpFVIII as a novel therapy in the clinical management of patients with AHA in Japan. rpFVIII was approved for treating bleeding episodes in adults with AHA in Japan in 2024.
Hemoparasitism in grazing cattle and risk factors associated with husbandry management in an endemic area of Eastern Colombia
Authors: Mor Natalie Hell , Tavera Julieth Viviana Montenegro , Tobón Julio César , Guzmán Barragán Blanca Lisseth , López Giovanny Beltran , Vargas Duarte Jimmy Jolman , Corredor Danny Wilson Sanjuanelo , Tafur-Gómez Gabriel Andrés 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVector-borne pathogens induce hemoparasitism in cattle causing substantial economic losses in tropical and subtropical areas. Infectious cattle actively contribute to maintaining the transmission cycle, and the presence of these animals must be associated with husbandry management and environmental changes. In the present study, we conducted a cross-sectional study sampling 1,000 bovines to identify infectious cattle diagnosed by a direct technique and employed a dichotomic questionnaire for association analyses, hierarchical clustering, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Overall prevalence with infectious cattle was 34.99%, where 97% of the farms had at least one infectious animal per genera, and the prevalence in properties ranged between 16.39 and 53.85%. Of these animals, 26.20% tested positive for Anaplasma sp., 8.40% for Babesia spp., and 1.30% for Trypanosome spp. The main co-infection showed 5% Anaplasma sp. – Trypanosome spp., followed by 4% Babesia spp. – Trypanosome spp. These bovines showed association with the use of the Jersey breed (OR = 2.016 C.I:1.188–3.419), selling animals for replacement (OR = 1.417 CI:1.022–1.965), participation in livestock exhibitions (OR = 2.009 CI:1.262–3.199), premises with burials (OR = 2,064 CR: 1.414–3.011), use of palm kernel (OR = 1.935 C.I:1.198–3.124), and the use of ivermectin (OR = 1.548 CI: 1.085–2.210) as a susceptibility. The hierarchical clustering revealed clusters among properties with different hemoparasite prevalence, with notable co-infections observed. The subsequent PCA identified that significant risk factors contributed to hemoparasitism positivity. We conclude that infectious cattle in the endemic area showed an association with husbandry management that permits the success of vector and maintenance of the enzootic or epizootic cycle in the herds.
Over 25-year monitoring of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Lu , Lu Tian , Wang Fei , Xia Yong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bridges in service are subjected to environmental and load actions, but their status and conditions are typically unknown. Health monitoring systems have been installed on long-span bridges to monitor their loads and the associated responses in real time. Since 1997, the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong has been the world’s first of the type equipped with a long-term health monitoring system. For the first time, this study reports the first-hand field monitoring data of the bridge from 1997 to 2022. The 26-year data provide an invaluable and rare opportunity to examine the long-term characteristics of the loads, bridge responses, and their relationships, thereby enabling the assessment of the bridge’s load evolution and structural condition over time. Results show that traffic loads have remained stable after 2007, highway vehicles kept increasing until the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the annual maximum deck temperature continued to increase at a rate of 0.51 °C/decade, typhoon durations increased by 2.5 h/year, and monsoon speeds decreased and became dispersed and variable. For the bridge responses, deck displacement is governed by the varying temperature. Natural frequencies in the past 26 years were almost unchanged. The overall condition of the bridge is very satisfactory. Current status and recent update of the health monitoring system are also reported. Lastly, prospects of bridge health monitoring are discussed. This study is the first to report the over one-quarter century status of a structural health monitoring system and the behavior of a long-span suspension bridge. This research provides a benchmark for many other bridge monitoring systems worldwide.
Polysaccharide fraction from Triplostegia glandulifera Wall and its renoprotective effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by attenuating oxidative stress
Authors: Guo Hai-Hui , Wu Lei , Mi Dan , Zhang Xing-Yu , He Fu-Mei , Lei Ting , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTriplostegia glandulifera Wall (T. glandulifera) is an ethnomedicine commonly used by ethnic minorities in Yunnan, China, to treat kidney disease. However, there are few reports on the renoprotective effects of this substance, and the active ingredients remain unclear. In this study, we extracted the polysaccharide fractions TGB and TGC using the water extraction-alcohol precipitation method and determined their molecular weight (Mw) and monosaccharide composition. The study investigated the protective effects of TGB and TGC fractions against diabetic nephropathy (DN) using an in vitro high glucose-induced HRMCs model and an in vivo STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. HPLC analysis revealed that TGB contained D-galacturonic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-arabinose, and had a lower Mw than TGC. In vitro, TGB showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity and effectively reduced abnormal proliferation and while attenuating oxidative stress in HRMCs. In mice with diabetes, TGB corrected the dysregulation of glucose-lipid metabolism and alleviated oxidative stress in the kidneys. Additionally, it improved renal function and reduced renal tissue damage. The study suggests that the low Mw polysaccharides (TGB) have better activity against DN through the antioxidative stress mechanism.
Graphical Abstract
Apporto nutrizionale di vitamina D in Italia
Authors: Nuti Ranuccio , Gennari Luigi , Cavati Guido , Merlotti Daniela 
Published: August 2024

SommarioIl fabbisogno di vitamina D è garantito per l’80% dall’irraggiamento solare e per il 20% dall’introito alimentare. La vitamina D3 è presente nei pesci, fegato, uova, latte e derivati, funghi. Il carente apporto alimentare di vitamina D può favorire l’ipovitaminosi D. Abbiamo rilevato che l’apporto medio giornaliero di vitamina D in Italia è di 204 IU ± 137 nella donna e 185 IU ± 49 SD nell’uomo. Un’estensione di questo studio, ha potuto confermare questo aspetto. Il carente apporto alimentare di vitamina D contribuisce significativamente alla realizzazione di un insufficiente stato vitaminico D.
Believing in an Enticing World: Testing a Positive Psychological Intervention Aimed at Increasing Character Strengths and Well-Being via World Beliefs
Authors: Hämpke Janna , Diller Sandra J. , Kerry Nicholas , Clifton Jeremy D. W. , Frey Dieter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Enticing world belief factor—encompassing beliefs that the world is interesting, beautiful, abundant, and worth exploring—has been hypothesized to promote subjective well-being and several character strengths (e.g., curiosity). The present pre-registered longitudinal-experimental study tests a 9-day intervention aiming to increase Enticing world belief in 247 high school and university students (aged 14–35). Results show that the intervention increased Enticing world belief from pre to post. However, these changes did not persist at a 2-week follow-up. Although we did not find the predicted positive total effects of the intervention on optimism, life satisfaction, well-being, curiosity or love of learning from pre to post, we did find positive indirect effects on all of these variables via changes in Enticing world belief. We discuss inferential limitations regarding the observed effects as well as possible reasons for the lack of positive total effects on well-being measures and character strengths.
Poverty Impacts of the Pakistan Flood 2022
Authors: Knippenberg Erwin , Amadio Mattia , Meyer Moritz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the summer of 2022, devastating floods hit Pakistan with a profound negative impact on lives and livelihoods. Apart from the irreconcilable loss of life, household welfare was negatively impacted through the loss of household income, loss of assets, and rising food prices. Yet, in the absence of just-in-time household survey data, evaluating the welfare impact is challenging, particularly in terms of estimating monetary poverty. This paper demonstrates how real-time satellite data, in combination with administrative data and historical household survey data, can be used to model the impact of floods on Pakistani households. In the context of data and time constraints, we present a practical methodology to simulate the expected impact of a natural disaster on monetary poverty from an ex-ante perspective. Estimates show that, as a direct consequence of the floods, the national poverty rate would increase by 4.0 to 4.3 percentage points, pushing around 9 million people below the national poverty line. Moreover, a spatially disaggregated analysis showed that the magnitude of shocks varied across locations and households depending on the intensity of the flooding and household characteristics. These estimates, which informed the Post Disaster Needs Assessment and were later used to frame the Donor Conference for Pakistan, provide an example of rapid modeling in the absence of real-time household survey data.
Artificial intelligence and its ‘slow violence’ to human rights
Authors: Teo Sue Anne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman rights concerns in relation to the impacts brought forth by artificial intelligence (‘AI’) have revolved around examining how it affects specific rights, such as the right to privacy, non-discrimination and freedom of expression. However, this article argues that the effects go deeper, potentially challenging the foundational assumptions of key concepts and normative justifications of the human rights framework. To unpack this, the article applies the lens of ‘slow violence’, a term borrowed from environmental justice literature, to frame the grinding, gradual, attritional harms of AI towards the human rights framework.The article examines the slow violence of AI towards human rights at three different levels. First, the individual as the subject of interest and protection within the human rights framework, is increasingly unable to understand nor seek accountability for harms arising from the deployment of AI systems. This undermines the key premise of the framework which was meant to empower the individual in addressing large power disparities and calling for accountability towards such abuse of power. Secondly, the ‘slow violence’ of AI is also seen through the unravelling of the normative justifications of discrete rights such as the right to privacy, freedom of expression and freedom of thought, upending the reasons and assumptions in which those rights were formulated and formalised in the first place. Finally, the article examines how even the wide interpretations towards the normative foundation of human rights, namely human dignity, is unable to address putative new challenges AI poses towards the concept. It then considers and offers the outline to critical perspectives that can inform a new model of human rights accountability in the age of AI.
Causal associations of plasma proteins with lung squamous cell carcinoma risk: a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Xue Xiaofei , Ling Xinyu , Lang Yukuan , Wang Suyu , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with a high mortality rate. Identifying causal plasma proteins associated with LUSC could provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to identify plasma proteins causally linked to LUSC risk using proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses.

Methods
Proteome-wide MR analysis was conducted using data from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project and deCODE genetics. Summary-level data for LUSC were obtained from the ILCCO Consortium, the FinnGen study, and a separate GWAS study. A total of 1,046 shared protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) were analyzed. Sensitivity analyses included the HEIDI test for horizontal pleiotropy and colocalization analysis to validate the causal associations.

Results
MR analysis identified six plasma proteins associated with LUSC risk: HSPA1L, PCSK7, POLI, SPINK2, TCL1A, and VARS. HSPA1L (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34–0.65; P = 4.89 × 10–6), SPINK2 (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.58–0.80; P = 3.17 × 10–6), and VARS (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.31–0.63; P = 5.94 × 10–6) were associated with a decreased risk of LUSC. Conversely, PCSK7 (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21–1.56; P = 1.40 × 10–6), POLI (OR = 4.50; 95% CI: 2.25–9.00; P = 2.13 × 10–5), and TCL1A (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.34–2.21; P = 1.89 × 10–5) were associated with an increased risk. The SMR analysis and HEIDI test confirmed the robustness of these associations. HSPA1L, SPINK2, and VARS showed significant inverse associations, with strong colocalization evidence for TCL1A (PPH4 = 0.817).

Conclusions
This study identified six plasma proteins potentially causal for LUSC risk. HSPA1L, SPINK2, and VARS are associated with decreased risk, while PCSK7, POLI, and TCL1A are linked to increased risk. These findings provide new insights into LUSC pathogenesis and highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Scientific value and utility of geo(morpho)sites, with a case of the El-Medallat hills in Egypt
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. , Sallam Emad S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGeological and geomorphological heritage (geoheritage) has many aspects, some of which are yet to be fully understood. Particularly, a scientific value of geo(morpho)sites is defined differently and established with not fully satisfying approaches. The attention to the El-Medallat hills, which are a group of small inselbergs in the southern Western Desert of Egypt, required the development of a new approach to focus on a scientific utility. The latter is not equated to the total value of geo(morpho)sites and their scientific value. The El-Medallat hills are put into the context of the international research in inselbergs. The relevant journal articles were collected, and the information from them was extracted to understand the relation of the El-Medallat hills to geographical and lithological foci of the international research in inselbergs. It is established that inselbergs were rarely reported from the Saharan domain of Africa, and sandstone inselbergs were studied much less intensively than granite ones. These lines of evidence imply the relatively high scientific utility of the El-Medallat geomorphosite due to its location in the Saharan domain of Africa and sandstone composition. The proposed approach is distinguished by an emphasis on research potential of geo(morpho)sites in the light of the international research experience.
Treatment of CACNA1A Encephalopathy and Cerebral Edema with Magnesium and Dexamethasone
Authors: Turner Cailey , Campbell Lauren , Fung Ryan , Desai Srirupa , Oyenubi Abimbola , Cayabyab Francisco , Huntsman Richard James 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:Pathogenic CACNA1A mutations can result in paroxysmal attacks of encephalopathy, hemiplegia and cerebral edema. We report two patients with CACNA1A-associated encephalopathy, hemiplegia and contralateral hemispheric cerebral edema treated successfully with intravenous magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone. One patient met the clinical criteria for familial hemiplegic migraine. There is a paucity of guidance in the literature on how to manage these patients. Despite some discrepancies in the treatment protocols in our two cases, they indicate that magnesium and dexamethasone could be part of the treatment algorithm for these patients. Further research to delineate appropriate dosing and duration of therapy is needed.
Unveiling the Mechanisms of the 1819 M 7.7 Kachchh Earthquake, India: Integrating Physics‐Based Simulation and Strong Ground Motion Estimates
Authors: Sunilkumar T. C. , Zhang Zhenguo , Wang Zijia , Wang Wenqiang , He Zhongqiu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study provided a comprehensive understanding of the source process of the 1819 M 7.7 Kachchh Indian earthquake using physics‐based dynamic rupture modeling and strong ground motion simulations. We successfully simulated the spontaneous dynamic rupture along a curved non‐planar fault using the 3‐D curved‐grid finite‐difference method (CGFDM). The estimated earthquake magnitude is around 7.6, consistent with previous estimations. Our simulations accurately replicated macroscopic rupture patterns and surface deformation, showing agreement with observed data along the Allah Bund fault (ABF) with a maximum displacement ∼5.5 m at the Earth's surface. The maximum modeled coseismic slip on the fault was approximately 7.5 m. Notably, the ABF exhibited characteristics of a weak barrier (leaky barrier) at the bending part, allowing the rupture to propagate further. Despite limitations in surface deformation calculations, the modeled values aligned with the trend of surface fault slip, with a slight deviation in the epicenter toward the east compared to earlier studies. We observed a homogeneous principal stress oriented N25°E, consistent with the present day Indian plate motion. The estimated horizontal peak ground velocities (PGVh) and the maximum value of Intensity X+ aligns well with observations. Furthermore, conducting thorough case studies on significant earthquakes and potential seismic scenarios in stable continental regions is crucial. Such studies play a vital role in validating and improving dynamic rupture models. When combined with statistical methods, this research holds great promise for advancing seismic hazard assessments, earthquake engineering, and strategies for disaster management.
Chronology of Sedimentation and Landscape Evolution in the Okavango Rift Zone, a Developing Young Rift in Southern Africa
Authors: Vainer S. , Schmidt C. , Garzanti E. , Ben Dor Y. , Pastore G. , Mokatse T. , Prud'homme C. , Leanni L. , King G. ,   ASTER Team, Verrecchia E. P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Kalahari Basin in southern Africa, shaped by subsidence and epeirogeny, features the Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ) as a significant structural element characterized by diffused extensional deformation forming a prominent depocenter. This study elucidates the Pleistocene landscape evolution of the ORZ by examining the chronology of sediment formation and filling this incipient rift and its surroundings. Modeling of cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in surficial eolian sand from distinct structural blocks around the ORZ provides insights into sand's residence time on the surface. Sand formation occurred from ∼2.2 to 1.1 Ma, coinciding with regional tectonic events. Notably, provenance analyses of sand within ORZ's lowermost block where large alluvial fans are found indicate different source rocks and depositional environments than those of the eolian sands found at a higher elevation. This suggests that the major phase of rift subsidence and the following incision of alluvial systems into the rift occurred after eolian dune formation. Luminescence dating reveals that deposition in alluvial fan settings in the incised landscape began not later than ∼250 ka, and that a lacustrine environment existed since at least ∼140 ka. The established chronological framework constrains the geomorphological effects of the different tectono‐climatic forces that shaped this nascent rifting area. It highlights two pronounced stages of landscape development, with the most recent major deformation event in the evolving rift probably occurring during the middle Pleistocene transition (1.2–0.75 Ma). This event is reflected as a striking change in the depositional environments due to the configurational changes accompanying rift progression.
Frequency Bias Causes Overestimation of Climate Change Impacts on Global Flood Occurrence
Authors: Zhao Fang , Lange Stefan , Goswami Bedartha , Frieler Katja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe frequency change of 100‐year flood events is often determined by fitting extreme value distributions to annual maximum discharge from a historical base period. This study demonstrates that this approach may significantly bias the computed flood frequency change. An idealized experiment shows frequency bias exceeding 100% for a 50‐year base period. Further analyses using Monte Carlo simulations, mathematical derivations, and hydrological model outputs reveal that bias magnitude inversely relates to base period length and is weakly influenced by the generalized extreme value distribution's shape parameter. The bias, persisting across different estimation methods, implies floods may exceed local defenses designed based on short historical records more often than expected, even without climate change. We introduce a frequency bias adjustment method, which significantly reduces the projected rise in global flood occurrence. This suggests a substantial part of the earlier projected increase in flood occurrence and impacts is not attributable to climate change.
Forest‐Wide Growth Rates Stabilize After Experiencing Accelerated Temperature Changes Near an Alaskan Glacier
Authors: Gaglioti B. V. , Mann D. H. , Wiles G. C. , Andreu‐Hayles L. , Hansen W. D. , Wiesenberg N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHow forests respond to accelerated climate change will affect the terrestrial carbon cycle. To better understand these responses, more examples are needed to assess how tree growth rates react to abrupt changes in growing‐season temperatures. Here we use a natural experiment in which a glacier's fluctuations exposed a temperate rainforest to changes in summer temperatures of similar magnitude to those predicted to occur by 2050. We hypothesized that the onset of glacier‐accentuated temperature trends would act to increase the variance in stand‐level tree growth rates, a proxy for forest net primary productivity. Instead, dendrochronological records reveal that the growth rates of five, co‐occurring conifer species became less synchronous, and this diversification of species responses acted to reduce the variance and to increase the stability of community‐wide growth rates. These results warrant further inquiry into how climate‐induced changes in tree‐growth diversity may help stabilize future ecosystem services like forest carbon storage.