bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidly adherent placenta: evaluation of ultrasound diagnostic criteria and differentiation of placenta accreta from percreta
Authors: Calì G. , Giambanco L. , Puccio G. , Forlani F. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two‐dimensional (2D) gray‐scale and color Doppler and three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler sonographic criteria for morbidly adherent placenta (MAP), and to identify criteria to help distinguish placenta accreta from placenta percreta.MethodsWe enrolled 187 patients with placenta previa and history of uterine surgery and performed transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound examination for early detection of MAP. With 2D gray‐scale transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography, we investigated loss/irregularity of the echolucent area between the uterus and the placenta (‘clear space’), thinning or interruption of the hyperechoic interface between the uterine serosa and the bladder wall and the presence of turbulent placental lacunae with high‐velocity flow (>15 cm/s). Using transabdominal 3D power Doppler, we evaluated the hypervascularity of the uterine serosa–bladder wall interface and irregular intraplacental vascularization. Ultrasound findings were reviewed against the final diagnosis made during Cesarean section (CS).ResultsMAP was detected on CS in 41 patients. All of them had an anterior placenta previa (34 major and seven minor) and had undergone at least one previous CS. The evaluated sonographic criteria showed good diagnostic performance; in MAP patients at least two out of five criteria were detected, with at most one of the criteria present in patients without MAP. Loss/irregularity of clear space used as a single criterion was responsible for the most false positives, demonstrating a low positive predictive value. Irregular intraplacental vascularization with tortuous confluent vessels affecting the entire width of the placenta, and hypervascularity of the entire uterine serosa–bladder wall interface, were only detected, on 3D power Doppler, in cases of placenta percreta.ConclusionsThe reviewed ultrasound criteria may be useful for the prenatal diagnosis of MAP and to differentiate between placenta accreta and placenta percreta; 3D power Doppler techniques were an important aid in the diagnosis. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Placental hyperinflation and the risk of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Porat S. , Fitzgerald B. , Wright E. , Keating S. , Kingdom J. C. P. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the pathological basis and clinical associations of excessively thick placentae observed at second‐trimester ultrasound examination.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort of 19 singleton high‐risk second‐trimester pregnancies noted to have a placental length‐to‐maximum thickness ratio ≤ 2.0, maximum sonographic placental thickness was correlated with clinical outcome, maximum placental thickness after delivery and placental pathological findings. Results were compared with those of an intermediate group of 21 high‐risk pregnancies with normal placental dimensions and a control group of 18 low‐risk pregnancies also with normal placental dimensions. Increased maximum placental thickness (> 28 mm) and abnormal placental deflation following delivery (pathology − sonography difference in maximum placental thickness < −2 mm) were defined by the upper and lower quartile values, respectively, in the control group.ResultsThe study group exhibited significantly more adverse outcomes and gross pathological placental features compared with both intermediate and control groups. Despite increased sonographic maximum placental thickness in the study group (median, 55 (range, 40–75) mm compared with both the intermediate group (median, 27 (range, 22–41) mm, P < 0.0001) and the control group (median 26 (range, 23–36) mm, P < 0.0001)), all three groups had similar maximal placental thickness following delivery (study group: median, 24 (range, 10–50) mm vs intermediate group: median, 27 (range, 15–40) mm, P = 0.82 and vs control group: median, 28.5 (range, 18–44), P = 0.42). Pathology − sonography difference in maximum placental thickness in the study group (median, –30 (range, –42 to 0) mm) was significantly greater than that in either the intermediate (median, –2 (range, –11 to 9) mm, P < 0.0001) or the control (median, 1.5 (range, –10 to 18) mm, P < 0.0001) group and was significantly associated with abnormal development of the gas‐exchanging placental villi (distal villous hypoplasia) (P = 0.0001).ConclusionsIncreased second‐trimester sonographic maximum placental thickness represents a pathological finding associated with severe adverse perinatal outcome. This observation is due to overinflation of the intervillous space by maternal blood rather than to adaptive formation of functional placental tissue. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Childhood cognitive development after fetal growth restriction
Authors: Llurba E. , Baschat A. A. , Turan O. M. , Harding J. , McCowan L. M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the relationship between prenatal umbilical artery (UA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) Doppler findings and cognitive development at 3 and 6 years in low‐birth‐weight children.MethodsThis was a study of 209 low‐birth‐weight (< 10th centile) children born after 28 gestational weeks with UA resistance index (RI) measured within 2 weeks before delivery. Children with normal UA‐ and ICA‐RI were defined as small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and those with abnormal UA or ICA Doppler findings as having fetal growth restriction (FGR). Cognitive ability at 3 and 6 years' corrected age was assessed using the fourth edition of the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS) and compared between SGA and FGR groups. An SBIS score < 85 was considered to indicate delayed development.ResultsThe median gestational age at diagnosis of abnormal fetal growth was 36.6 (range, 28–41) weeks. There were 87 (41.6%) children classified as having FGR and 122 (58.4%) as SGA. The mean global SBIS score at 3 years was 109.4 (SD, 22.8) and at 6 years it was 110.5 (SD, 13.9). Overall, 22 (10.5%) children had delayed development at 3 years. Total SBIS scores and individual domain scores did not differ between FGR and SGA groups at 3 or 6 years and similar proportions in each group had delayed development.ConclusionAbnormal prenatal UA and ICA Doppler findings are not associated with lower developmental scores in low‐birth‐weight children delivered in the third trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Trace Metal Anomalies for Recognition of Petroleum Prospects in Surface Sediments of Kutch and Saurashtra Basins, India
Authors: Radha B. Anu , Srinivasa Rao P. L. , Rasheed M. A. , Patil D. J. , Dayal A. M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:
Seepage of hydrocarbons, either as macroseepage or microseepage, can set up near-surface oxidation-reduction zones that favour the development of a diverse array of chemical and mineralogic changes. In this study trace metal alterations were mapped that appear to be associated with hydrocarbon microseepages in the oil/gas fields. A total of 210 soil samples were collected from near surface sediments of Kutch and Saurashtra Basins, India. The soil samples were collected from a depth of 2 - 2.5 m. The paper reports the chemical alterations associated with trace metals in soils that are related to hydrocarbon microseepages above the Kutch and Saurashtra Basins, India. The soil samples for trace metals; Scandium (Sc), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Barium (Ba) and Strontium (Sr) were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of the trace elements ranged between for Sc (12.69 to 21.91 ppm), V (109.20 to 436.05 ppm), Cr (87.15 to 481.57 ppm), Co (18.25 to 64.31 ppm), Ni (57.55 to 263.15 ppm), Cu (44.88 to 143.96 ppm), Zn (137.60 to 502.31 ppm), Ba (149.27 to 921.46 ppm) and Sr (143.93 to 425.63 ppm) were obtained. It was observed that trace elements concentrations were tremendously increased when compared with normal concentration in the soils. The adsorbed soil gas analysis showed the presence of high concentrations of ∑C2+ (C2H6, C3H8 and n-C4H10) ranged between 1 to 121 ppb respectively. Integrated studies of trace elements over adsorbed light gaseous hydrocarbon (∑C2+) anomalies showed good correlation. The carbon isotopic composition of δ13C1 of the samples ranges between – 36.6 ‰ to -22.7‰ (Pee Dee Belemnite) suggest thermogenic source for hydrocarbon gases. The increase in trace metal concentrations near oil/gas producing areas, suggests that soil chemical change to a reducing environment, presumably due to the influence of hydrocarbon microseepage, which could be applied with other geo-scientific data to identify areas of future hydrocarbon exploration in the frontier areas.
Eclogitic Metasediments from Central Qiangtang, Northern Tibet: Evidence for Continental Subduction during the Eastern and Western Qiangtang Collision
Authors: Tang Xian-Chun , Zhang Yu-Xiu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Eclogitic metasediments from the central Qiangtang metamorphic terrane provide new insights into the continental subduction during the eastern and western Qiangtang collision. Petrologic observations show that the metasediments correspond to meta-sandstones of a continental margin. It is characterized by the garnet + omphacite + rutile + phengite + quartz assemblage, and the peak metamorphic temperature and pressure were estimated to be 535 ± 40°C and ∼27 kbar, respectively, by major element partitioning thermobarometry. Subsequent retrogression occurred at ∼472 ± 30°C and ∼6-9 kbar. The occurrence of eclogitized central Qiangtang terrane indicates the subduction of the western Qiangtang passive continental margin beneath eastern Qiangtang when eastern and western Qiangtang collided along the Shuanghu suture.
HOMOSEXUALITY AND EPISTEMIC CLOSURE IN MODERN ARABIC LITERATURE
Authors: Hadeed Khalid 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper I argue that representations of homosexuality in modern Arabic literature have tended to isolate it and contain its threat through a conceptual strai(gh)tjacket that I term “epistemic closure.” I begin by analyzing Saʿd Allah Wannus's playTuqus al-Isharat wa-l-Tahawwulatas an essentialist paradigm of closure, where a language of interiority and essence identifies male homosexuality with passivity and femininity, subordinated a priori to a sexually and socially dominant masculinity. Then, I examine ʿAlaʾ al-Aswani's novelʿImarat Yaʿqubyanas a constructionist example of the same closure, in which homosexuality is explained through a narrative of abnormal development that circumscribes its diffuse potential. Finally, I read Huda Barakat'sSayyidi wa-Habibias a “queer” novel that links homosexuality to the continuum of male homosocial desire, thereby disrupting the normative distribution of center and margin and suggesting a way out of the epistemic closure imposed on homosexuality.
Laser wakefield compression and acceleration of externally injected electron bunches in guiding structures
Authors: ANDREEV N. E. , BARANOV V. E. , CROS B. , MAYNARD G. , MORA P. , VEYSMAN M. E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor the considered scheme of the external electron bunch injection in front of a laser pulse, the influence of the nonlinear driving laser pulse dynamics and electron bunch self-action to the processes of electron bunch compression and acceleration in the laser wakefield is analyzed. Self-consistent modelling results confirm that the nonlinear laser pulse dynamics limits the bunch compression due to variations of the phase velocity of the wake. A growth of the injected bunch charge leads to some extent to an increase of the trapped and accelerated bunch charge and to decrease of the trapped bunch radius and emittance due to increased self-focusing bunch. The three-dimensional theoretical model is elaborated and used to describe the propagation of laser pulses in dielectric capillary waveguides under imperfect coupling and focusing conditions with broken cylindrical symmetry. The role of cone entrances to the cylindrical part of a capillary is analyzed, and it is demonstrated that matching cones can considerably increase the transmission of laser pulses through the capillary, but cannot mitigate the requirements on the precision of the laser pulse focusing into a capillary. In order to avoid a speckle structure and strong transverse gradients of the fields, which can prevent the process of regular electron bunch acceleration, one has to ensure a small laser angle of incidence into the capillary not exceeding 1 mrad.
Soft X-ray continuum radiation from low-energy pinch discharges of hydrogen
Authors: MILLS R. , BOOKER R. , LU Y. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUnder a study contracted by GEN3 Partners, spectra of high current pinch discharges in pure hydrogen and helium were recorded in the extreme ultraviolet radiation region at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in an attempt to reproduce experimental results published by BlackLight Power, Inc. (BLP) showing predicted continuum radiation due to hydrogen in the 10–30 nm region (Mills, R. L. and Lu, Y. 2010 Hydrino continuum transitions with cutoffs at 22.8 nm and 10.1 nm. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy35, 8446–8456, doi:10.1016?j.ijhydene.2010.05.098). Alternative explanations were considered to the claimed interpretation of the continuum radiation as being that emitted during transitions of H to lower-energy states (hydrinos). Continuum radiation was observed at CfA in the 10–30 nm region that matched BLP's results. Considering the low energy of 5.2 J per pulse, the observed radiation in the energy range of about 120–40 eV, reference experiments and analysis of plasma gases, cryofiltration to remove contaminants, and spectra of the electrode metal, no conventional explanation was found in the prior or present work to be plausible including contaminants, electrode metal emission, and Bremsstrahlung, ion recombination, molecular or molecular ion band radiation, and instrument artifacts involving radicals and energetic ions reacting at the charge-coupled device and H2 re-radiation at the detector chamber. Moreover, predicted selective extraordinarily high-kinetic energy H was observed by the corresponding Doppler broadening of the Balmer α line.
Early grammatical development in Spanish children with Down syndrome
Authors: GALEOTE MIGUEL , SOTO PILAR , SEBASTIÁN EUGENIA , CHECA ELENA , SÁNCHEZ-PALACIOS CONCEPCIÓN 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to analyze morphosyntactic development in a wide sample of children with Down syndrome (DS) (n = 92) and children with typical development (TD) (n = 92) with a mental age (MA) of 20 to 29 months. Children were individually matched for gender and MA (Analysis 1) and for vocabulary size (Analysis 2). Information about morphosyntax was obtained using an adaptation of the CDI for children with DS. In both analyses, the number of children with DS and with TD who combined words was similar. Analysis 1 showed that children with DS produced shorter utterances, with less morphosyntactic complexity and less morphological suffixes than children with TD, despite having the same mental age. The developmental pattern was similar, although slower in children with DS. Analysis 2 showed that the performance of children with DS was lower than the performance of children with TD in relation to morphosyntactic complexity and morphological suffixes.
Acute myocardial infarctions, strokes and influenza: seasonal and pandemic effects
Authors: FOSTER E. D. , CAVANAUGH J. E. , HAYNES W. G. , YANG M. , GERKE A. K. , TANG F. , POLGREEN P. M. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe incidence of myocardial infarctions and influenza follow similar seasonal patterns. To determine if acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) and ischaemic strokes are associated with influenza activity, we built time-series models using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. In these models, we used influenza activity to predict the incidence of AMI and ischaemic stroke. We fitted national models as well as models based on four geographical regions and five age groups. Across all models, we found consistent significant associations between AMIs and influenza activity, but not between ischaemic strokes and influenza. Associations between influenza and AMI increased with age, were greatest in those aged >80 years, and were present in all geographical regions. In addition, the natural experiment provided by the second wave of the influenza pandemic in 2009 provided further evidence of the relationship between influenza and AMI, because both series peaked in the same non-winter month.
Losses of functional opsin genes, short-wavelength cone photopigments, and color vision—A significant trend in the evolution of mammalian vision
Authors: JACOBS GERALD H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAll mammalian cone photopigments are derived from the operation of representatives from two opsin gene families (SWS1 and LWS in marsupial and eutherian mammals; SWS2 and LWS in monotremes), a process that produces cone pigments with respective peak sensitivities in the short and middle-to-long wavelengths. With the exception of a number of primate taxa, the modal pattern for mammals is to have two types of cone photopigment, one drawn from each of the gene families. In recent years, it has been discovered that the SWS1 opsin genes of a widely divergent collection of eutherian mammals have accumulated mutational changes that render them nonfunctional. This alteration reduces the retinal complements of these species to a single cone type, thus rendering ordinary color vision impossible. At present, several dozen species from five mammalian orders have been identified as falling into this category, but the total number of mammalian species that have lost short-wavelength cones in this way is certain to be much larger, perhaps reaching as high as 10% of all species. A number of circumstances that might be used to explain this widespread cone loss can be identified. Among these, the single consistent fact is that the species so affected are nocturnal or, if they are not technically nocturnal, they at least feature retinal organizations that are typically associated with that lifestyle. At the same time, however, there are many nocturnal mammals that retain functional short-wavelength cones. Nocturnality thus appears to set the stage for loss of functional SWS1 opsin genes in mammals, but it cannot be the sole circumstance.
Efficient distance-including integral screening in linear-scaling Møller-Plesset perturbation theory
Authors: Maurer Simon A. , Lambrecht Daniel S. , Kussmann Jörg , Ochsenfeld Christian 
Published: January 2013

Efficient estimates for the preselection of two-electron integrals in atomic-orbital based Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (AO-MP2) theory are presented, which allow for evaluating the AO-MP2 energy with computational effort that scales linear with molecular size for systems with a significant HOMO-LUMO gap. The estimates are based on our recently introduced QQR approach [S. A. Maurer, D. S. Lambrecht, D. Flaig, and C. Ochsenfeld, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 144107 (2012)10.1063/1.3693908], which exploits the asympotic decay of the integral values with increasing bra-ket separation as deduced from the multipole expansion and combines this decay behavior with the common Schwarz bound to a tight and simple estimate. We demonstrate on a diverse selection of benchmark systems that our AO-MP2 method in combination with the QQR-type estimates produces reliable results for systems with both localized and delocalized electronic structure, while in the latter case the screening essentially reverts to the common Schwarz screening. For systems with localized electronic structure, our AO-MP2 method shows an early onset of linear scaling as demonstrated on DNA systems. The favorable scaling behavior allows to compute systems with more than 1000 atoms and 10 000 basis functions on a single core that are clearly not accessible with conventional MP2 methods. Furthermore, our AO-MP2 method is particularly suited for parallelization and we present benchmark calculations on a protein-DNA repair complex comprising 2025 atoms and 20 371 basis functions.
Effects of Waxy Rice Moisture Content and Rate of CO2 Injection on Characteristics of Extruded Pellets and Vacuum‐Puffed Yukwa (a Korean Traditional Snack)
Authors: Shen Xiaojun , Gil Sunkook , Ryu Gihyung 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTExtrusion with CO2 injection was developed to simplify the process of producing vacuum‐puffed yukwa (rice snacks). The effects of feed moisture content and CO2 injection on the characteristics of extruded pellets (maximum viscosity and degree of gelatinization) and vacuum‐puffed yukwa (expansion ratio, bulk density, hardness, and color) were investigated. Higher feed moisture increased the size of vacuum‐puffed yukwa and the degree of gelatinization, whereas the maximum viscosity decreased. Maximum viscosity and gelatinization degree of extruded pellets were highly correlated with expansion ratio, bulk density, hardness, and color values of vacuum‐puffed yukwa. Increasing feed moisture content significantly increased expansion ratio but decreased bulk density and hardness. CO2 injection decreased bulk density and hardness of vacuum‐puffed yukwa.
First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Acalypha australis in China
Authors: Ji Y. H. , Zhang H. , Zhang K. , Li G. , Lian S. , Cheng Z. B. , Zhou Y. J. 
Published: January 2013

Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) can cause serious damage to many crops in China, so an investigation of weed hosts of WTGs was carried out in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2012. Fifty-seven symptomless samples of Acalypha australis L., a common weed known as Asian copperleaf, were randomly collected from seven tomato fields in Nanjing and Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, from July to September. Total DNA of each sample was extracted and PCR was performed using degenerate primers PA and PB to amplify a specific region covering the AV2 gene of DNA-A and part of the adjacent intergenic region (1). DNA fragments were successfully amplified from 27 out of 57 samples and PCR amplicons of 16 samples were sequenced. Alignment results showed that the nucleotide sequence identities ranged from 98 to 100% with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) accessions. The full-length viral circular DNA genome was amplified using primer pair 1AbF (ATGTGGGATCCACTTCTAAATGAATTTCC) and 1AsR (GCGTCGACAGTGCAAGACAAACTACTTGGGGACC) which were designed based on the known sequences amplified by PA and PB. The complete genome sequence (GenBank Accession No. JX910534) was 2,781 nucleotides in length and had 99 to 100% sequence identity with TYLCV accessions (GU434142, GU111505). The dot immunobinding assay using monoclonal antibody against TYLCV confirmed the 27 weed samples positive by PCR were infected by TYLCV. These results demonstrated that A. australis is a host of TYLCV that might play an important role in viral epidemics in tomato fields in China. TYLCV-infected A. australis did not show typical symptoms like leaf curl, chlorosis, and stunting and thus appears to be a symptomless host. In our investigation, the infection rate ranged from 14 to 79% depending on the field sampled, suggesting that the weed may be an important reservoir of TYLCV, especially during the non-tomato planting period. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. australis as a host of TYLCV in China. Reference: (1) D. Deng et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 125:327, 1994.