bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New perspectives on vitamin D food fortification based on a modeling of 25(OH)D concentrations
Authors: Brown Jonathan , Sandmann Arne , Ignatius Anita , Amling Michael , Barvencik Florian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn Germany, vitamin D intake from food and synthesis in the skin is low, which leads to low 25(OH)D serum concentrations. In contrast to many other countries, general vitamin D food fortification is still prohibited in Germany, although the European Commission published a regulatory framework to harmonize addition of vitamins to foods. Thus the purpose of our study was to develop a vitamin D fortification model, taking into account all vitamin D sources with the goal to fulfill requirements of intake recommendations or preferable 25(OH)D serum concentrations. Finally, the aim was to assess the suitability of different carriers and associated risks.MethodsWe developed a mathematical bottom-up model of 25(OH)D serum concentrations based on data about vitamin D sources of the German population such as sunlight, food and supplements for all federal states taking seasonal and geographical variations into account. We used this model to calculate the optimal fortification levels of different vitamin D carriers in two approaches. First we calculated required fortification levels based on fixed intake recommendations from e.g. the IOM or the DGE and second based on achieving certain 25(OH)D serum concentrations.ResultsTo lift 25(OH)D serum concentration in Germany to 75 nmol/L, e.g. 100 g bread has to be fortified with 11.3 μg during winter, resulting in a daily vitamin D intake of 23.7 μg. Bread seems to be a suitable carrier for base supply. However, overdose risk with a single fortified product is higher than the risk with several fortified carriers.ConclusionsWith the model in hand, it is possible to conceive vitamin D fortification strategies for different foodstuffs and model its impact on 25(OH)D serum concentrations.
High mitochondria content is associated with prostate cancer disease progression
Authors: Grupp Katharina , Jedrzejewska Karolina , Tsourlakis Maria Christina , Koop Christina , Wilczak Waldemar , Adam Meike , Quaas Alexander , Sauter Guido , Simon Ronald , Izbicki Jakob Robert , Graefen Markus , Huland Hartwig , Schlomm Thorsten , Minner Sarah , Steurer Stefan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Mitochondria are suggested to be important organelles for cancer initiation and promotion. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of MTC02, a marker for mitochondrial content, in prostate cancer.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry of using an antibody against MTC02 was performed on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 11,152 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared to histological phenotype, biochemical recurrence, ERG status and other genomic deletions by using our TMA attached molecular information.

Results
Tumor cells showed stronger MTC02 expression than normal prostate epithelium. MTC02 immunostaining was found in 96.5% of 8,412 analyzable prostate cancers, including 15.4% tumors with weak, 34.6% with moderate, and 46.5% with strong expression. MTC02 expression was associated with advanced pathological tumor stage, high Gleason score, nodal metastases (p < 0.0001 each), positive surgical margins (p = 0.0005), and early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001) if all cancers were jointly analyzed. Tumors harboring ERG fusion showed higher expression levels than those without (p < 0.0001). In ERG negative prostate cancers, strong MTC02 immunostaining was linked to deletions of PTEN, 6q15, 5q21, and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). Moreover, multiple scenarios of multivariate analyses suggested an independent association of MTC02 with prognosis in preoperative settings.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates high-level MTC02 expression in ERG negative prostate cancers harboring deletions of PTEN, 6q15, and 5q21. Additionally, increased MTC02 expression is a strong predictor of poor clinical outcome in ERG negative cancers, highlighting a potentially important role of elevated mitochondrial content for prostate cancer cell biology.
High performance of graphene oxide-doped silicon oxide-based resistance random access memory
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chang Kuan-Chang , Chang Ting-Chang , Tsai Tsung-Ming , Chen Kai-Huang , Lou Jen-Chung , Chen Jung-Hui , Young Tai-Fa , Shih Chih-Cheng , Yang Ya-Liang , Pan Yin-Chih , Chu Tian-Jian , Huang Syuan-Yong , Pan Chih-Hung , Su Yu-Ting , Syu Yong-En , Sze Simon M 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this letter, a double active layer (Zr:SiO
x
/C:SiO
x
) resistive switching memory device with outstanding performance is presented. Through current fitting, hopping conduction mechanism is found in both high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS) of double active layer RRAM devices. By analyzing Raman and FTIR spectra, we observed that graphene oxide exists in C:SiO
x
layer. Compared with single Zr:SiO
x
layer structure, Zr:SiO
x
/C:SiO
x
structure has superior performance, including low operating current, improved uniformity in both set and reset processes, and satisfactory endurance characteristics, all of which are attributed to the double-layer structure and the existence of graphene oxide flakes formed by the sputter process.
Complementary PLS and KNN algorithms for improved 3D-QSDAR consensus modeling of AhR binding
Authors: Slavov Svetoslav H , Pearce Bruce A , Buzatu Dan A , Wilkes Jon G , Beger Richard D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMultiple validation techniques (Y-scrambling, complete training/test set randomization, determination of the dependence of R2teston the number of randomization cycles, etc.) aimed to improve the reliability of the modeling process were utilized and their effect on the statistical parameters of the models was evaluated. A consensus partial least squares (PLS)-similarity based k-nearest neighbors (KNN) model utilizing 3D-SDAR (three dimensional spectral data-activity relationship) fingerprint descriptors for prediction of the log(1/EC50) values of a dataset of 94 aryl hydrocarbon receptor binders was developed. This consensus model was constructed from a PLS model utilizing10 ppm x 10 ppm x 0.5 Åbins and 7 latent variables (R2testof 0.617), and a KNN model using2 ppm x 2 ppm x 0.5 Åbins and 6 neighbors (R2testof 0.622). Compared to individual models, improvement in predictive performance of approximately 10.5% (R2testof 0.685) was observed. Further experiments indicated that this improvement is likely an outcome of the complementarity of the information contained in 3D-SDAR matrices of different granularity. For similarly sized data sets of Aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) binders the consensus KNN and PLS models compare favorably to earlier reports. The ability of 3D-QSDAR (three dimensional quantitative spectral data-activity relationship) to provide structural interpretation was illustrated by a projection of the most frequently occurring bins on the standard coordinate space, thus allowing identification of structural features related to toxicity.
How parrots see their colours: novelty in the visual pigments ofPlatycercus elegans
Authors: Knott Ben , Davies Wayne I. L. , Carvalho Livia S. , Berg Mathew L. , Buchanan Katherine L. , Bowmaker James K. , Bennett Andrew T. D. , Hunt David M. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIntraspecific differences in retinal physiology have been demonstrated in several vertebrate taxa and are often subject to adaptive evolution. Nonetheless, such differences are currently unknown in birds, despite variations in habitat, behaviour and visual stimuli that might influence spectral sensitivity. The parrot Platycercus elegans is a species complex with extreme plumage colour differences between (and sometimes within) subspecies, making it an ideal candidate for intraspecific differences in spectral sensitivity. Here, the visual pigments of P. elegans were fully characterised through molecular sequencing of five visual opsin genes and measurement of their absorbance spectra using microspectrophotometry. Three of the genes, LWS, SW1 and SWS2, encode for proteins similar to those found in other birds; however, both the RH1 and RH2 pigments had polypeptides with carboxyl termini of different lengths and unusual properties that are unknown previously for any vertebrate visual pigment. Specifically, multiple RH2 transcripts and protein variants (short, medium and long) were identified for the first time that are generated by alternative splicing of downstream coding and non-coding exons. Our work provides the first complete characterisation of the visual pigments of a parrot, perhaps the most colourful order of birds, and moreover suggests more variability in avian eyes than hitherto considered.
Toward the Creation of Functionalized Metal Nanoclusters and Highly Active Photocatalytic Materials Using Thiolate-Protected Magic Gold Clusters
Authors: Negishi Yuichi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Advances in developments in nanotechnology have encouraged the creation of highly functionalized nanomaterials. Thiolate-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m) less than 2 nm in size exhibit size-specific physical and chemical properties not observed in bulk metals. Therefore, they have attracted attention as functional units or building blocks in nanotechnology. The highly stable, magic Aun(SR)m clusters possess great potential as new nanomaterials. We are studying the following subjects related to magic Aun(SR)m clusters: (1) establishing methods to enhance their functionality, (2) developing high-resolution separation methods, and (3) utilizing the clusters as active sites in photocatalytic materials. Through these studies, we aim to create highly functional metal nanoclusters and apply them as highly active photocatalytic materials. The results of our efforts to date are summarized in this paper.
Water Splitting over CaTa4O11 and LaZrTa3O11 Photocatalysts with Laminated Structure Consisting of Layers of TaO6 Octahedra and TaO7 Decahedra
Authors: Matsui Motoki , Iwase Akihide , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
CaTa4O11, Ca1−xSrxTa4O11 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3), and LaZrTa3O11 with laminated structure consisting of MO6 and MO7 (M = Ta and/or Zr) layers were prepared by a polymerized complex method. These tantalates showed photocatalytic activities for water splitting without cocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity of CaTa4O11 was drastically improved by loading RuO2, Ni, and NiO cocatalysts and by partial substitution of Ca with Sr. The apparent quantum yield of the NiO(0.5 wt %)/Ca0.7Sr0.3Ta4O11 photocatalyst for water splitting was 5.8% at 254 nm.
Contribution of Fibroblasts Cultured on 3D Silica Nonwoven Fabrics to Cocultured Hepatocytes Function
Authors: Otsuka Hidenori , Sasaki Kohei , Okimura Saya , Nagamura Masako , Watanabe Rie , Kawabe Masaaki 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
It is worth investigating heterotypic cell–cell interactions by mimicking their in vivo environment. In the present study, the mechanism of functional enhancement was investigated in a hepatocyte–fibroblast coculture with respect to the contributions of soluble factors. The enhanced hepatic functions through heterotypic interactions are effective by increasing fibroblast proliferation separately cocultured in 3D silica fabrics. The important roles of active soluble factors in heterotypic cell communications were suggested by this study using 3D proliferated tissues with satisfactory physiological morphologies in silica fabrics.
Rola etymologii w rekonstrukcji językowego obrazu świata
Authors: Bartmiński Jerzy 
Published: November 2013

The role of etymology in the reconstruction of the linguistic world view
The author assumes that etymological analyses are “ethnolinguistically relevant” because by reconstructing the motivation of names, etymology allows one to reach the methods of linguistic conceptualization of phenomena and objects. He discusses the words świat ‘world’, kwiat ‘flower’, and gwiazda ‘star’ (endorsing Brückner’s and Sławski’s thesis that they all belong to a single etymological nest), and adduces examples of proverbs, riddles, and folk songs where the semantics of ‘world’, ‘flower’, and ‘star’ are joined, to demonstrate the benefits of directing etymological analyses to historically documented texts. Apart from phonetic arguments, the common element is the connotation of ‘brightness’, i.e. what makes it possible to look and to see.
Dispersive mirror technology for ultrafast lasers in the range 220–4500 nm
Authors: Pervak Vladimir , Razskazovskaya Olga , Angelov Ivan B. , Vodopyanov Konstantin L. , Trubetskov Michael 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Nowadays, dispersive mirrors are able to cover the wavelength range of 4.5 optical octaves and can be used from 220 nm up to 4500 nm. Various design approaches to dispersive mirrors in visible and near IR are briefly discussed. We consider in more detail two dispersive mirrors representing extreme cases. The first one is a mirror working in the range of 290−360 nm and providing group delay dispersion of -75 fs2. The second one is a mirror working in the range of 2500−4500 nm and providing +500 fs2 of group delay dispersion.
In situ remediation of leaks in potable water supply systems
Authors: Tang Min , Triantafyllidou Simoni , Edwards Marc 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWater leaks in distribution system mains and premise plumbing systems have very high costs and public health implications. The possible in situ remediation of leaks while a pipeline is in service could reduce leaking at costs orders of magnitude lower than conventional pipe repair, rehabilitation, or replacement. Experiences of Roman engineers and recent field observations suggest that such processes can occur naturally or may even be engineered to ameliorate leaks, including those caused by metallic corrosion. Three mechanisms of in situ leak remediation (i.e., metallic corrosion, physical clogging, and precipitation) are described in this paper, in an effort to understand the role of physical factors (e.g., temperature, pressure, and leak size) and water chemistry (e.g., pH, alkalinity, corrosion inhibitors, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity) in controlling in situ remediation for both inert (plastic and aged concrete) and chemically reactive (new concrete, copper, and iron) pipe materials. Although there are possible limitations and uncertainties with the phenomenon, including the fraction of pipeline leaks to which it might apply and the durability/longevity of remediation, such approaches may prove useful in economically sustaining some aging drinking water infrastructure assets and reducing future failure rates.
Acute Effects of Contract-Relax Stretching vs. TENS in Young Subjects With Anterior Knee Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Valenza Marie C. , Torres-Sánchez Irene , Cabrera-Martos Irene , Valenza-Demet Gerald , Cano-Cappellacci Marcelo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Valenza, MC, Torres-Sánchez, I, Cabrera-Martos, I, Valenza-Demet, G, and Cano-Cappellacci, M. Acute effects of contract-relax stretching vs. TENS in young subjects with anterior knee pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2271–2278, 2016—The aim of this study was to examine the immediate effects on pressure point tenderness, range of motion (ROM), and vertical jump (VJ) of contract-relax stretching vs. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy in individuals with anterior knee pain (AKP). Eighty-four subjects with AKP were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 different intervention groups: a contract-relax stretching group (n = 28), a TENS intervention group (n = 28), and a control group (n = 28). The participants included in the sample were both sex (37.5% men vs. 62.5% women) at a mean age of 21 years, with mean values of height and weight of 169 cm and 64 kg, respectively. The main outcome measures were knee ROM, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and VJ. The participants were assessed at baseline and immediately after treatment. In the case of VJ, at baseline, immediately after the intervention, at 3 and at 6 minutes posttreatment. The data analysis showed that PPT scores of participants in the stretching and TENS group significantly increased from pretest to posttest (p ≤ 0.05). A significant increase pre- to posttreatment in ROM (p < 0.001) was also observed in both treatment groups. In VJ measures, TENS and stretching groups showed significant differences between preintervention and all postintervention values (p ≤ 0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the control group. In conclusion, the results show significant pre-to-post-treatment effects in PPT, ROM, and VJ from both contract-relax stretching and TENS in young subjects with AKP.
Work‐related Risk Factors for Workplace Violence among Korean Employees
Authors: Lee Hye‐Eun , Kim Hyoung‐Ryoul , Park Jung Sun 
Published: November 2013

Work‐related Risk Factors for Workplace Violence among Korean Employees: Hye‐Eun LEE, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea—ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify work‐related risk factors for workplace violence in a representative sample of Korean employees.MethodsWe analyzed the associations between work‐related factors and workplace violence in 29,171 employees using data from the 2011 Korean Working Conditions Survey. The survey included questions about verbal abuse, unwanted sexual attention, threats and behavior that humiliated the victim, physical violence, bullying/harassment and sexual harassment, and a respondent who answered yes to any of these 6 items was considered a victim of workplace violence.ResultsThe prevalences of verbal abuse, unwanted sexual attention and threats/ behavior that humiliated victims in the month preceding the study were 4.8, 1.0 and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalences of physical violence, bullying/harassment and sexual harassment in the year preceding the study were 0.7, 0.3 and 0.4%, respectively. Service workers had higher prevalences of overall workplace violence. Non‐regular workers (OR=2.38, 95% CI=2.01−2.84), working more than 60 hours per week as opposed to 40−48 hours per week (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.45−2.31) and night shift work (OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.54−2.30) were significant risk factors associated with workplace violence.ConclusionsLong working hours, job insecurity and night shift work were associated with a significant increase in workplace violence among Korean employees.
The Effectiveness of Applying Different Permissible Exposure Limits in Preserving the Hearing Threshold Level: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sayapathi Balachandar S. , Su Anselm Ting , Koh David 
Published: November 2013

The Effectiveness of Applying Different Permissible Exposure Limits in Preserving the Hearing Threshold Level: A Systematic Review; Balachandar S. SAYAPATHI, et al. Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Malaya, Malaysia—ObjectivesA systematic review was conducted to identify the effectiveness of different permissible exposure limits in preserving the hearing threshold level. This review compared the limits of the US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health with those of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The prevalence of occupational noise induced hearing loss is on an increasing trend globally. This review was performed to reduce the prevalence of noise‐induced hearing loss.MethodsWe searched 3 major databases, i.e., PubMed, Embase and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Journals@Ovid, for studies published up until 1May 2013 without language restrictions. All study designs were included in this review. The studies were identified and retrieved by two independent authors.ResultsOf 118 titles scanned, 14 duplicates were removed, and a total of 13 abstracts from all three databases were identified for full‐text retrieval. From the full text, eight articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. These articles showed acceptable quality based on our scoring system. Most of the studies indicated that temporary threshold shifts were much lower when subjects were exposed to a noise level of 85 dBA or lower.ConclusionsThere were more threshold shifts in subjects adopting 90 dBA compared with 85 dBA. These temporary threshold shifts may progress to permanent shifts over time. Action curtailing noise exposure among employees would be taken earlier on adoption of 85 dBA as the permissible exposure limit, and hence prevalence of noise‐induced hearing loss may be reduced.
The Effect of Integrated Yoga on Labor Outcome: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Maharana Satyapriya , Nagarathna Raghuram , Padmalatha Venkatram , Nagendra Hongasandra Ramarao , Hankey Alex 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:Antenatal yoga has been found to be useful and reported to have many beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga on labor outcome.METHODS:This randomized two-armed active control study recruited 96 women with normal pregnancy. The experimental group practiced integrated yoga and the control group practiced standard antenatal exercises (1 hr/day), from 18 to 20 weeks of gestation until term.RESULTS:The first stage of labor was 4.71 ± 0.59 and 6.19 ± 0.79 hr in yoga and control groups, respectively (p< .001, independent samplesttest); the second stage was 23.41 ± 7.68 min in yoga and 55.19 ± 10.87 min in control group (p< .001); the third stage took 9.07 ± 2.35 min in yoga and 12.96 ± 2.86 min in control group (p< .001). Fewer number of women in yoga group required epidural analgesia (p< .001). The cesarean sections (7/51 in yoga and 18/45 in control;p= .004) and complications of pregnancy (intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR], pregnancy-induced hypertension [PIH], and preterm labor) were fewer (p= .010) in yoga than in control group. Birth weight of babies (p< .001) was higher and Apgar scores (p< .001) were better in yoga as compared to the control group.CONCLUSION:Yoga during pregnancy decreases the duration of all stages of labor, complications of pregnancy, need for epidural analgesia, and cesarean sections; it also improves birth weight and Apgar scores of the infant.
Costs of raccoon rabies incidents in cattle herds in Hampshire County, West Virginia, and Guernsey County, Ohio
Authors: Chipman Richard B. , Cozzens Tyler W. , Shwiff Stephanie A. , Biswas Rita , Plumley Jewell , O'Quin Jeanette , Algeo Timothy P. , Rupprecht Charles E. , Slate Dennis 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine direct and indirect costs associated with raccoon rabies incidents involving cattle herds in Hampshire County, WV, in 2008 and Guernsey County, Ohio, in 2010.
Design—Ex post cost analysis.
Animals—1 cattle herd in Hampshire County, WV, in 2008 and 1 cattle herd in Guernsey County, Ohio, in 2010.
Procedures—Data were collected for each incident through telephone and email interviews with 16 federal, state, and county agency personnel involved in the case investigations and coordinated responses for rabies in the cattle herds. To characterize the economic impact associated with rabies in the 2 cattle herds, cost analysis was conducted with 7 cost variables (salary and benefits for personnel involved in the response, human postexposure prophylaxis, indirect patient costs, rabies diagnostic testing, cattle carcass disposal, market value of euthanized cattle, and enhanced rabies surveillance). Estimates of direct costs were determined on the basis of agency records and other relevant data obtained from notes and reports made by agency staff at the time of the incident and from a review of the literature.
Results—Primary costs included the market value of euthanized cattle ($51,461 in West Virginia; $12,561 in Ohio), human postexposure prophylaxis ($17,959 in West Virginia; $11,297 in Ohio), and salary and benefits for personnel involved in the response ($19,792 in West Virginia; $14,496 in Ohio).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results should provide a basis for better characterization of the economic impact of wildlife rabies in cattle in the United States.