bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The latest evidence and clinical guidelines for use of meal replacements in very‐low‐calorie diets or low‐calorie diets for the treatment of obesity
Authors: Edwards‐Hampton Shenelle A. , Ard Jamy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObesity is a complex chronic disease with increasing prevalence across the globe. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is an important component of obesity treatment, and low‐calorie diets (LCDs) and very‐low‐calorie diets (VLCDs) are part of the MNT toolbox. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence and clinical guidelines regarding the use and impact of meal replacements (MRs) as part of LCDs/VLCDs for the treatment of obesity and some associated complications. MRs can be used in conjunction with food as partial diet replacement (PDR) or can be used exclusively to serve as the sole source of dietary energy (total diet replacement [TDR]). Use of MR may be associated with better control of cravings and hunger typically observed during reduced calorie intake through effects of ketosis or stimuli narrowing, although the exact mechanisms for these effects remain unclear. Several clinical guidelines have endorsed the use of MRs as a part of MNT for obesity, primarily based on evidence that shows an average weight reduction of ~10 kg or more with TDR over at least 12 months in large, randomized controlled trials. When compared to usual care controls, these effects are 6–8 kg greater, and when compared to food‐based diets, the effects are nearly twice the effect of a food‐based diet. MR‐based diets have been found to be safe and associated with improvements in quality of life. These diets are also effective for improving key cardiometabolic health outcomes, including dysglycaemia, blood pressure, lipids, and metabolic associated fatty liver. The effectiveness, safety, and associated health improvement makes MRs use a valuable strategy for several higher risk clinical scenarios where weight reduction is indicated.
Comparing the effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir in non‐hospitalized and hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with type 2 diabetes: A target trial emulation study
Authors: Wan Eric Y. F. , Wong Zoey C. T. , Yan Vincent K. C. , Chui Celine S. L. , Lai Francisco T. T. , Li Xue , Wong Ian C. K. , Chan Esther W. Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo compare the effectiveness of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir for non‐hospitalized and hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and MethodsTerritory‐wide electronic health records in Hong Kong were used to perform target trial emulation using a sequential trial approach. Patients (1) aged ≥18 years, (2) with T2DM, (3) with COVID‐19 infection, and (4) who received molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir within 5 days of infection between 16 March 2022 and 31 December 2022 in non‐hospital and hospital settings were included. Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir initiators were matched using one‐to‐one propensity‐score matching and followed for 28 days. Risk of outcomes was compared between groups by Cox regression adjusted for baseline characteristics. Subgroup analyses were performed on age (<70 years, ≥70 years), sex, Charlson comorbidity index (<4, ≥4), and number of COVID‐19 vaccine doses (<2 doses, ≥2 doses).ResultsTotals of 17 974 non‐hospitalized (8987 in each group) and 3678 hospitalized (1839 in each group) patients were identified. Non‐hospitalized nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir initiators had lower risk of all‐cause mortality (absolute risk reduction [ARR] at 28 days 0.80%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–1.04; hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.73) and hospitalization (ARR at 28 days 4.01%, 95% CI 3.19–4.83; HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.66–0.82) as compared with molnupiravir initiators. Hospitalized nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir initiators had reduced risk of all‐cause mortality (ARR at 28 days 2.94%, 95% CI 1.65–4.23; HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40–0.80) as compared with molnupiravir initiators. Consistent findings were found across all subgroups.ConclusionsThe use of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir may be preferred to molnupiravir for COVID‐19 patients with T2DM and without contraindication to either treatment.
Understanding decision‐making processes of prospective adoptive parents: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Willis Bethany , Hrapczynski Katie , Fortner Cheryl 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores prospective adoptive parents' conceptions by testing hypotheses based on a decision‐making model proposed by Willis Hepp and colleagues grounded in symbolic interaction.BackgroundMultiple factors inform decisions to adopt. However, little is known about the decision‐making process as prospective adoptive parents consider this option.MethodSeventeen prospective adoptive parents were recruited using purposive sampling. An advanced concurrent mixed‐methods design was used to integrate findings from semistructured interviews and a survey using the FACES IV to generate more complete conclusions regarding the model.ResultsTen themes emerged related to prospective parents' conceptions of self and generalized others, including internalization of adoption as part of one's self, referencing families of origin in family formation thinking, and personal histories informing future visions. Pronatal, biological social pressures echo in families of origin that, combined with religious and other social experiences, impact decision‐making. Family cohesion, flexibility, and communication vary based on where they fall along a spectrum of decision‐making.ConclusionConceptions of self and others inform decision‐making, where some choose, and others wait or opt out of, adoptive parenthood.ImplicationsIt behooves practitioners to differentiate supports for individuals thinking about transition to adoptive parenthood based on their conceptions of self and generalized others.
Impulse self‐gifting: An exploration of motivations, contexts, and the role of self‐control
Authors: Seo Sukyung , Nelson Hodges Nancy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the motivations and contexts that prompt consumers' impulse self‐gifting behaviors (ISGB). A thematic analysis of interview data collected from 20 consumers revealed that motivations for ISGB were prompted by specific contexts and that attempts to avoid ISGB through self‐control were typical among the participants. Mood states and marketing promotions also emerged as contexts prompting ISGB. Findings were viewed through the conceptual lens of stimulus‐organism‐response to frame the experience of ISGB as a process. This study expands the literature by considering the implications of impulse purchasing for self‐gifting and offering strategic insights for practitioners.
Linkage between temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition and microbial communities depends on soil fractions
Authors: Qin Shuqi , Fang Kai , Song Yutong , Kang Luyao , Wang Siyu , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe magnitude of terrestrial carbon (C)‐climate feedback largely depends on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition (Q10). However, our understanding of determinants of Q10 for SOM fractions such as particulate and mineral‐associated organic matter (POM and MAOM, respectively) is still inadequate. Particularly, it remains unclear whether microbial effects on Q10 are fraction‐dependent, which induces large uncertainties in projecting soil C dynamics. Here, we conducted large‐scale topsoil sampling on the Tibetan Plateau, in combination with SOM fractionation and 300‐day laboratory incubation to assess SOM fraction‐dependent linkages between Q10 and microbial properties. We found that compared with MAOM, POM had larger Q10 and greater microbial diversity, and also structured distinct microbial communities as well as their co‐occurrence patterns. Furthermore, associations of Q10 with microbial properties differed between the two SOM fractions. Bacterial community composition and relative abundance of bacterial keystone taxa affected Q10 for POM and MAOM respectively, while bacterial alpha diversity showed opposite relationships with Q10 for POM and MAOM. These findings highlight the necessity of incorporating SOM fraction‐dependent microbial properties and their linkages with Q10 into Earth system models to accurately predict terrestrial C‐climate feedback.
Are biomass feedstocks sustainable? A systematic review of three key sustainability metrics
Authors: Knight David R. , Goldsworthy Michael , Smith Pete 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiomass feedstocks are growing in importance due to their ability to serve as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels for large scale energy generation, with bioenergy projected to be a growing part of the UK's energy mix. Combined with technologies such as carbon capture and storage, sustainable bioenergy has the potential to produce negative emissions with including counterbalancing residual emissions. This paper presents a systematic review of the sustainability impacts of wood biomass (forestry/SRC) andMiscanthus, which are grown as energy fuels, comparing the three key indicators of sustainability: soil organic carbon sequestration rates, biodiversity, and water use efficiency (WUE). Analysis has shown significant influence from primary soil composition (p < 0.001) and previous land use (p < 0.001) on soil organic carbon sequestration rates following conversion to biomass feedstock production. Conversion from arable to forestry can have positive rates of sequestration of 1.4 ± 0.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1on mineral soils, while similar conversions on a highly organic soils can lead to losses of −25 Mg C ha−1 year−1. This indicates a strong need for careful site selection for future forestry plantations.Miscanthusshowed no preference under mineral or organic soils for carbon sequestration rate. Biodiversity at different trophic scales is impacted differently by biomass feedstock production. No significant impact on invertebrates was demonstrated between feedstocks but there is a significant difference between crops (p < 0.001) for vertebrates at higher trophic levels. A limited dataset was collected for WUE from the review, but analysis showed comparable WUE rates forMiscanthusand short rotation coppice, while forestry had significantly lower (p < 0.001) WUE. With global temperatures increasing and changes to climate, water stress is likely to increase. WUE will play an important role in the considerations dfor long term biomass feedstock planning and sourcing.
Animal Models of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Vaccines: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Liu Zhili , Li He , Huang Xiaotian , Liu Qiong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer, making it a threat to human health. Despite the use of antibiotic therapy, the global prevalence of H. pylori infection remains high, necessitating early eradication measures. Immunotherapy, especially vaccine development, is a promising solution in this direction, albeit the selection of an appropriate animal model is critical in efficient vaccine production. Accordingly, we conducted a literature, search and summarized the commonly used H. pylori strains, H. pylori infection‐related animal models, and models for evaluating H. pylori vaccines. Based on factors such as the ability to replicate human diseases, strain compatibility, vaccine types, and eliciting of immune responses, we systematically compared the advantages and disadvantages of different animal models, to obtain the informed recommendations. In addition, we have proposed novel perspectives on H. pylori–related animal models to advance research and vaccine evaluation for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as gastric cancer.
Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (SLD) and alcohol‐associated liver disease, but not SLD without metabolic dysfunction, are independently associated with new onset of chronic kidney disease during a 10‐year follow‐up period
Authors: Mori Kazuma , Tanaka Marenao , Sato Tatsuya , Akiyama Yukinori , Endo Keisuke , Ogawa Toshifumi , Suzuki Toru , Aida Hiroki , Kawaharata Wataru , Nakata Kei , Hosaka Itaru , Umetsu Araya , Hanawa Nagisa , Furuhashi Masato 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThe new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease (SLD) including metabolic dysfunction‐associated SLD (MASLD), MASLD and increased alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) has recently been proposed. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between each category of SLD and chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsWe investigated the effects of various SLDs on the development of CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or positive for urinary protein, during a 10‐year period in 12 138 Japanese subjects (men / women, 7984/4154; mean age, 48 years) who received annual health examinations including abdominal ultrasonography.ResultsThe prevalences of SLD without metabolic dysfunction (SLD‐MD[−]), MASLD, MetALD, and ALD were 1.7%, 26.3%, 4.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. During the follow‐up period, 1963 subjects (16.2%) (men / women, 1374 [17.2%]/589 [14.2%]) had new onset of CKD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model analyses after adjustment of age, sex, eGFR, current smoking habit, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia showed that the hazard ratios (HR [95% confidence interval]) for the development of CKD in subjects with MASLD (1.20 [1.08–1.33], p = 0.001) and those with ALD (1.41 [1.05–1.88], p = 0.022), but not those with MetALD (1.11 [0.90–1.36], p = 0.332), were significantly higher than the HR in subjects with non‐SLD. Interestingly, subjects with SLD‐MD[−] had a significantly lower HR (0.61 [0.39–0.96], p = 0.034) than that in subjects with non‐SLD. The addition of the novel classification of SLDs into traditional risk factors for the development of CKD significantly improved the discriminatory capacity.ConclusionsMASLD and ALD, but not SLD‐MD[−], are independently associated with the development of CKD.
Perceptions of women of Turkish origin living abroad on being a migrant: Existence as a woman
Authors: Çitil‐Akyol Canan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the migration decisions and experiences of Turkish‐origin women living abroad from a feminist perspective. In this qualitative study grounded in phenomenology and utilizing a purposive sampling approach, data were collected online from 82 women living abroad through a structured interview form, and thematic analysis was employed for evaluation. The participants' migration decisions revealed six sub‐themes and two main themes. Perceptions of the participants regarding their immigrant woman identities resulted in also five sub‐themes and five sub‐themes. Based on our findings, understanding the migration decisions and experiences of Turkish‐origin women living abroad can contribute to a better comprehension of migration policies and society from a gender perspective. These findings can guide policymakers and social service professionals in developing practical solutions to address the specific needs and challenges of women in the context of migration.
Dietary human milk oligosaccharides reduce allergic airway inflammation by modulating SCFAs level and ILC2 activity
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Zhongjie , Cao Hongchuan , Liu Weiwei , Sun Lijie , Xiao Qiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a crucial role in the progression of asthma, yet the regulatory mechanisms modulating ILC2 responses in asthma remain underexplored. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), vital non‐nutritive components of breast milk, are known to significantly shape immune system development and influence the incidence of allergic diseases. However, their impact on ILC2‐driven asthma is not fully understood. Our research reveals that dietary HMOs act as potent inhibitors of ILC2 responses and allergic airway inflammation. Treatment with 2′‐fucosyllactose (2'‐FL) and 6′‐sialyllactose (6'‐SL) significantly reduced ILC2‐related airway inflammation induced by papain or Alternaria alternata in mice, evidenced by decreased eosinophil (EOS) infiltration and lower IL‐5 and IL‐13 levels in BALF. Notably, while ILC2 expresses HMO receptors, HMO did not act directly on ILC2 but potentially modulated their activity through alterations in gut microbiota derived SCFAs. HMO treatments alleviated airway inflammation in SCFA‐dependent manners, with SCFA depletion or receptor blocking reversing these beneficial effects. This study reveals the potential of dietary HMOs in managing asthma through modulation of ILC2 activity and the gut‐lung axis, proposing a new therapeutic avenue that utilises the immunomodulatory capacities of nutritional components to combat respiratory diseases.
Orthodontic aligner therapy outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Meuffels Stephanie A. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne Marie , Tjoa Stephen T. H. , Carvajal Monroy Paola L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges in oral care. Aligner therapy offers a promising alternative to conventional approaches for this patient group.AimTo evaluate orthodontic aligner therapy outcomes in children with ASD using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index and the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON), and to investigate whether concomitant disorders affect ICON, PAR scores, and treatment duration.DesignTwo calibrated observers assessed digital dental casts and intraoral pictures of 37 children with ASD before (T0) and after (T1) their treatment. At T0, the participants' average age was 12.9 years (SD = 1.68); at T1, post‐therapy, the average age was 14.9 years (SD = 1.51). All participants underwent orthodontic aligner therapy. Statistical methods employed in this study included descriptive analysis, Wilcoxon tests, and univariate linear regression.ResultsPosttreatment, median ICON scores decreased significantly from 74 to 14, and median PAR scores from 36 to 8 (p < .0001), demonstrating “excellent to substantial” improvement in 89.2% (n = 33) of the children. Comorbidities, present in 62% of patients, did not significantly affect treatment duration (22.6 ± 11.02 months).ConclusionChildren with ASD significantly benefit from orthodontic aligner therapy, emphasizing the need for tailored orthodontic care.
The IT‐driven ridesharing economy at the base of the pyramid: Unravelling the impact of uncertainty reduction on drivers' engagement in ridesharing
Authors: Cheng Xusen , Zhang Xiaoping , Luo Xin (Robert) 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the potential benefits for drivers at the base of the pyramid (BoP) of IT‐driven ridesharing businesses, drivers are susceptible to uncertainty owing to their low education and incomes, potentially compelling them to engage less in ridesharing over time. Although this important sociotechnical phenomenon has garnered increasing attention, IS studies on this topic are scarce. Drawing on uncertainty reduction theory, we explored mechanisms for reducing BoP drivers' uncertainty and building their trust to enable them to engage in ridesharing. We identified three means of uncertainty reduction at three levels: trust in passengers, trust in ridesharing platforms, and the effectiveness of ridesharing institutional mechanisms. Using a sequential, triangulated mixed‐methods approach, we conducted 30 semi‐structured interviews to explore trust building with drivers and used data provided by 303 ridesharing drivers to quantitatively test the proposed research model. We found that perceived empathy and information congruity increased BoP drivers' trust in passengers, whereas effective escrow services, perceived justice, matching accuracy, and a high level of privacy control increased BoP drivers' perceived trust in ridesharing platforms, motivating them to engage more frequently with ridesharing platforms. Furthermore, the results indicated that increasing trust in both passengers and ridesharing platforms and improving the effectiveness of ridesharing institutional mechanisms can enhance BoP drivers' engagement in ridesharing. We conducted 30 follow‐up interviews with BoP drivers to corroborate the quantitative results and draw robust inferences.
Influence of the biomechanical evaluation of rupture using two shapes of same intramedullary implant after proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis to correct the claw/hammer pathology: A finite element study
Authors: Bayod‐López Javier , Becerro‐de‐Bengoa‐Vallejo Ricardo , Prados‐Frutos Juan Carlos , Losa‐Iglesias Marta , López‐López Daniel , Prados‐Privado María 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe used finite element analysis to study the mechanical stress distribution of a new intramedullary implant used for proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis (PIPJA) to surgically correct the claw‐hammer toe deformity that affects 20% of the population. After geometric reconstruction of the foot skeleton from claw toe images of a 36–year‐old male patient, two implants were positioned, in the virtual model, one neutral implant (NI) and another one 10° angled (10°AI) within the PIPJ of the second through fourth HT during the toe‐off phase of gait and results were compared to those derived for the non‐surgical foot (NSF). A PIPJA was performed on the second toe using a NI reduced tensile stress at the proximal phalanx (PP) (45.83 MPa) compared to the NSF (59.44 MPa; p < 0.001). When using the 10°AI, the tensile stress was much higher at PP and middle phalanges (MP) of the same toe, measuring 147.58 and 160.58 MPa, respectively, versus 59.44 and 74.95 MPa at corresponding joints in the NSF (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found for compressive stresses. The NI reduced compressive stress at the second PP (−65.12 MPa) compared to the NSF (−113.23 MPa) and the 10°AI (−142 MPa) (all p < 0.001). The von Mises stresses within the implant were also significantly lower when using NI versus 10°AI (p < 0.001). Therefore, we do not recommend performing a PIPJA using the 10°AI due to the increase in stress concentration primarily at the second PP and MP, which could promote implant breakage.
CoP electrodeposited on TiO2 nanorod arrays as photoanode for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Muhetaer Maidina , Dong Ling , Wang Yu , Ma Yuhua , Du Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is of great significance to design photoelectrodes with high carrier separation and transport efficiency in photocatalytic water separation systems. In this study, we used a simple electrochemical deposition method to regulate the load of co‐catalyst CoP on TiO2 nanorods to improve the photoelectrochemical properties. The photocurrent density of TiO2/CoP (20) photoanode at 1.23 V increases to 1.57 mA/cm2, which is 3.4 times that of original TiO2. Long‐term photoelectrolysis reveals that this electrode has excellent stability. Mechanistic studies support the role of CoP nanoparticles in improving photoelectrochemical property and imply that the excellent photoelectrochemical property of TiO2/CoP photoanode is mainly ascribed to the suppress of surface photogenerated electrons and holes recombination due to the construction of built‐in electric field between TiO2 and CoP.