bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of previous bleeding and C-reactive protein improve assessment of bleeding risk in elderly patients (≥80 years) with myocardial infarction
Authors: Koller Lorenz , Rothgerber David-Jonas , Sulzgruber Patrick , El-Hamid Feras , Forster Stefan , Wojta Johann , Goliasch Georg , Maurer Gerald , Niessner Alexander 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe aimed to assess whether the CRUSADE risk score represents a robust instrument for stratification of bleeding risk in elderly myocardial infarction (MI) patients (≥80 years) and further aimed to identify age-specific predictors of major bleeding events. Binary logistic regression models were applied to assess the effect of variables on the occurrence of bleeding events during hospital stay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory power. Out of 387 patients in the final study cohort, 74 patients (19.1 %) experienced a major bleeding event according to the definition of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. The CRUSADE risk score demonstrated only a weak discriminatory power to predict bleeding in this group of patients (area under the ROC curve: 0.57 [0.51–0.65]; p=0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, history of bleeding with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 3.21(95 % confidence interval: 1.29–8.03, p=0.01) and C-reactive protein with an adjusted HR per increase of 10 mg/l of 1.05 (1.01–1.10) were independent predictors of major bleeding. Integration of both variables into the CRUSADE score demonstrated a significantly improved performance for bleeding as indicated by a significant increase in the ROC analysis (area under the curve: 0.64 vs 0.57; for comparison p<0.045), net reclassification index (35.6 0 %; p=0.006) and integrated discrimination increment (0.0242; p=0.02). In conclusion, bleeding history and C-reactive protein significantly improve the modest predictive power of the CRUSADE risk score in elderly patients with MI. These results point towards a specific risk profile for bleeding events in this high-risk group of patients.
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Post-error Slowing
Authors: Sellaro Roberta , van Leusden Jelle W. R. , Tona Klodiana-Daphne , Verkuil Bart , Nieuwenhuis Sander , Colzato Lorenza S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
People tend to slow down after they commit an error, a phenomenon known as post-error slowing (PES). It has been proposed that slowing after negative feedback or unforeseen errors is linked to the activity of the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC–NE) system, but there is little direct evidence for this hypothesis. Here, we assessed the causal role of the noradrenergic system in modulating PES by applying transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), a new noninvasive and safe method to stimulate the vagus nerve and to increase NE concentrations in the brain. A single-blind, sham-controlled, between-group design was used to assess the effect of tVNS in healthy young volunteers (n = 40) during two cognitive tasks designed to measure PES. Results showed increased PES during active tVNS, as compared with sham stimulation. This effect was of similar magnitude for the two tasks. These findings provide evidence for an important role of the noradrenergic system in PES.
Superrotation in Terrestrial Atmospheres
Authors: Laraia Anne L. , Schneider Tapio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Atmospheric superrotation with prograde equatorial winds and an equatorial angular momentum maximum is ubiquitous in planetary atmospheres. It is clear that eddy fluxes of angular momentum toward the equator are necessary to generate it. But under what conditions superrotation arises has remained unclear. This paper presents simulations and a scaling theory that establish conditions under which superrotation occurs in terrestrial atmospheres. Whether superrotation arises depends on the relative importance of factors that favor or disfavor superrotation. Convection preferentially generates Rossby waves near the equator, where the Rossby number is O(1). Since the Rossby waves transport angular momentum toward their source regions, this favors superrotation. Meridional temperature gradients preferentially lead to baroclinic instability and wave generation away from the equator. Eddy transport of angular momentum toward the baroclinic source region implies transport out of low latitudes, which disfavors superrotation. Simulations with an idealized GCM show that superrotation tends to arise when the equatorial convective generation of wave activity and its associated eddy angular momentum flux convergence exceed the baroclinic eddy angular momentum flux divergence. Convective and baroclinic wave activity generation is related through scaling arguments to mean-flow properties, such as planetary rotation rates and meridional temperature gradients. The scaling arguments show, for example, that superrotation is favored when the off-equatorial baroclinicity and planetary rotation rates are low, as they are, for example, on Venus. Similarly, superrotation is favored when the convective heating strengthens, which may account for the superrotation seen in extreme global warming simulations.
An evaluation of asthma education project targeting the Traveller and Roma community
Authors: Brady Anne-Marie , Keogh Brian 
Published: July 2015

Objective: The aim of this evaluation was to determine the cultural and educational appropriateness of a pilot asthma education programme developed for the Traveller and Roma community in Ireland. Design: A participatory multi-stakeholder and qualitative approach. Setting: Prevalence and inadequate control of asthma have been found to be high among members of the Traveller and Roma community. Barriers to health care among these groups have been reported. A train-the-trainer approach was undertaken to build capacity among Traveller Community Health Workers around specialist asthma knowledge. Method: A total of 29 Traveller community health care workers completed and graduated successfully with a certificate of attendance. Interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders ( n = 8) and focus groups ( n = 24) with participants. Results: The train-the-trainer approach was shown to be an effective, transferable and cost effective strategy to building capacity to outreach specialist asthma education to a wider population. There was a very positive response to the programme among the stakeholders, facilitators and the participants generally. Participants felt confident in their ability to teach other health care workers about what they had learned during the programme. Conclusion: The cascade provided by the pilot work offers an economical approach to building capacity and outreach specialist asthma knowledge to Community Health Workers and to families affected by asthma in the Traveller community. The use of energisers and the approach to local evaluation should be adapted to respond to the requirements of the group. It is recommended that regular evaluation and reporting of outcome indicators be undertaken.
Correction factors for self-selection when evaluating screening programmes
Authors: Spix Claudia , Berthold Frank , Hero Barbara , Michaelis Jörg , Schilling Freimut H. 
Published: July 2015

Objective In screening programmes there is recognized bias introduced through participant self-selection (the healthy screenee bias). Methods used to evaluate screening programmes include Intention-to-screen, per-protocol, and the “post hoc” approach in which, after introducing screening for everyone, the only evaluation option is participants versus non-participants. All methods are prone to bias through self-selection. We present an overview of approaches to correct for this bias. Methods We considered four methods to quantify and correct for self-selection bias. Simple calculations revealed that these corrections are actually all identical, and can be converted into each other. Based on this, correction factors for further situations and measures were derived. The application of these correction factors requires a number of assumptions. Results Using as an example the German Neuroblastoma Screening Study, no relevant reduction in mortality or stage 4 incidence due to screening was observed. The largest bias (in favour of screening) was observed when comparing participants with non-participants. Conclusions Correcting for bias is particularly necessary when using the post hoc evaluation approach, however, in this situation not all required data are available. External data or further assumptions may be required for estimation.
Elective endovascular vs. open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm in octogenarians
Authors: Morisaki Koichi , Matsumoto Takuya , Matsubara Yutaka , Inoue Kentaro , Aoyagi Yukihiko , Matsuda Daisuke , Tanaka Shinichi , Okadome Jun , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the operative mortality and short-term and midterm outcomes of treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm in Japanese patients over 80 years of age. Methods Between January 2007 and December 2011, 207 patients underwent elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Comorbidities, operative morbidity and mortality, midterm outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results The average age (endovascular aneurysm repair, 84.4 ± 0.3; open, 82.8 ± 0.3, P < 0.01) and the percentage of hostile abdomen (endovascular aneurysm repair, 22.2%; open repair, 11.1%, P < 0.05) were higher in the endovascular aneurysm repair group. Percentage of outside IFU was higher in open repair (endovascular aneurysm repair, 38.5%; open repair, 63.3%, P < 0.01). The cardiac complication (endovascular aneurysm repair, 0%; open repair, 5.6%, P < 0.01) and length of postoperative hospital stay (endovascular aneurysm repair, 10.3 ± 0.8 days; open, 18.6 ± 1.6 days, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the endovascular aneurysm repair group. There were no differences in operative mortality (endovascular aneurysm repair, 0%; open, 1.1%, P = 0.43) and the aneurysm-related death was not observed. The rate of secondary interventions (EVAR, 5.1%; open repair, 0%, P < 0.01) and midterm mortality rate were much higher in the endovascular aneurysm repair group. Conclusions Endovascular aneurysm repair is less invasive than open repair and useful for treating abdominal aortic aneurysm in octogenarians; however, open repair can be acceptable treatment in the inappropriate case treated by endovascular aneurysm repair.
Aortic aneurysm trials in octogenarians: Are we really measuring the outcomes that matter?
Authors: Aitken SJ , Naganathan V , Blyth FM 
Published: July 2015

Purpose This study is a systematic review to determine the types of outcomes reported in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) studies of patients aged 80 and over. Specifically, it determines the types of patient-centered outcomes reported. Method MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 2000 to 2014 for studies on AAA surgery with outcome data on patients aged 80 and over. Outcomes were categorized according to Donabedian’s framework for health quality indicators, with further classification as procedural, complication, resource or patient-centered outcome indicators. Findings Forty studies were reviewed. Patient-centered outcomes were infrequently reported (13%, n=5), with limited outcomes specifically relevant to older patients. No studies reported physical function, activities of daily living or cognition using validated assessment methods. Short-term mortality (95%, n=38) and complications (85%, n=34) were reported most frequently. Conclusion Reporting of aortic surgery outcomes in patients aged 80 and over requires a focus upon outcomes of primary importance to people of this age.
Heparin-free continuous vena-venous hemofiltration as a veno-venous bypass in inferior vena cava reconstruction
Authors: Ouyang Sha-Xi , Fu Jia , Liu Ji-Tong , Shi Wen-Jian , Liu Kang-Han 
Published: July 2015

Objective This paper investigated the effects of continuous vena-venous hemofiltration on inferior vena cava reconstruction. Method Totally, 11 patients were observed, vascular access in right internal jugular vein and femoral vein catheterization was established guided by ultrasound, and heparin-free continuous vena-venous hemofiltration was used to substitute for extracorporeal veno-venous bypass. Furthermore, blood pressure, central venous pressure, urine volume, blood platelet, serum albumin, renal function, serum cystatin C, CRP, TBil, AST, ALT, serum amylase, serum lipase, PLT, PT, APTT, Fig, D-mier, and adverse events were determined. Results All operations were completed successfully. Average time of continuous vena-venous hemofiltration was 2.96 ± 0.76 h. No hematoma and blood leakage was occurred when catheters were inserted, and no luminal stenosis and catheter-related infections were observed. Visceral congestion was observed when the inferior vena cava was clamped, but significantly improved immediately after the continuous vena-venous hemofiltration was begun. No hemofilter was changed due to clotting during continuous vena-venous hemofiltration therapy. Blood pressure, central venous pressure, and urine volume of the patients maintained stable. No significant change was observed in blood platelet, serum albumin, and serum creatinin. Serum cystatin and hsCRP increased after operation, but still in normal level. Conclusion Heparin-free continuous vena-venous hemofiltration was an effective mode as veno-venous bypass in the treatment of inferior vena cava interruption and reconstruction.
Evaluation of experimental methods for nitric oxide release from cardiovascular implants; bypass grafts as an exemplar
Authors: Naghavi Noora , Seifalian Alexander M. , Hamilton George , de Mel Achala 
Published: July 2015

Background: There is a great potential for nitric oxide (NO) eluting biomaterials in biomedical applications. These include the development of cardiovascular implants, wound healing products, or applications in cancer and respiratory therapy. While the potential of these materials as a therapy is becoming clearer, the real-time monitoring of NO is not easy and the success in the development of such materials depends on the accurate quantification of NO release. Method: To emphasize on the importance of a measurement technique on the outcome of an experiment, we compared total NO released from S-nitroso- N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) incorporated nanocomposite polymer in the form of bypass grafts under simulated physiological conditions using amperometric and chemiluminescence techniques. Results: We found that the total amount of NO measured by the amperometric technique was 35.8% of the theoretical amount. Similarly, on measuring NO release from the bypass grafts, we demonstrated that the chemiluminesence technique detected NO at a relatively higher level. Conclusions: The results of this study clearly demonstrate the relative difference between analysis techniques for accurate NO detection that can be applied to distinct experimental models associated with NO-eluting cardiovascular implants.
Immunodeficiency and severe susceptibility to bacterial infection associated with a loss-of-function homozygous mutation of MKL1
Authors: Record Julien , Malinova Dessislava , Zenner Helen L. , Plagnol Vincent , Nowak Karolin , Syed Farhatullah , Bouma Gerben , Curtis James , Gilmour Kimberly , Cale Catherine , Hackett Scott , Charras Guillaume , Moulding Dale , Nejentsev Sergey , Thrasher Adrian J. , Burns Siobhan O. 
Published: July 2015

Key PointsMKL1 deficiency results in actin cytoskeletal disruption in myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages. MKL1 deficiency impairs neutrophil migration associated with downregulation of myosin II.
Factors Affecting the Catalytic Performance of La-K-Mn-O Perovskite Oxides for Diesel Soot Oxidation
Authors: Shimokawa Hironobu , Kusaba Hajime , Einaga Hisahiro , Teraoka Yasutake 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Soot combustion performance of K-containing perovskite oxides, La0.8K0.2MnO3 (LKM82), was evaluated under tight- and loose-contact conditions. The perovskite oxides were prepared by evaporation-to-dryness methods using malic acid or citric acid as the complexing reagents. Catalyst surface area, surface K concentration, and morphology of the LKM82 catalysts can be controlled by changing the preparation conditions. The temperature of soot combustion decreased with increasing catalyst surface area and surface K concentration of the LKM82 catalysts, indicating that these are important factors controlling the soot combustion performance. The increase in surface area and surface K concentration of the LKM82 catalysts improved soot ignition activity and promoted the soot combustion reaction after ignition. In the loose-contact mode, the ratio of the amount of catalytically combusted soot to that of non-catalytically combusted soot increased with an increase in catalyst surface area and surface K concentration of the LKM82 catalysts. The apparent activation energy of the catalytic soot combustion with the perovskite oxides that have both high surface area and high surface K concentration was much lower than that of non-catalytic soot combustion.
Les Statues meurent aussi: The death and after-death of African art
Authors: Fraiture Pierre-Philippe 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article focuses on the 1953 film essay Les Statues meurent aussi by Chris Marker, Alain Resnais and Ghislain Cloquet. The film was commissioned by Présence Africaine, the publisher and academic journal, which would radically transform France’s post-war intellectual landscape and pave the way for a wholesale reassessment of the relationship between Africa and the West in the arts, literature, the human sciences and philosophy. Les Statues resonates with the main concerns of the period: it bemoans the commodification of African art in European museums, calls for the establishment of a new humanism but also militates for a more equitable and post-racial world order. The documentary, and the mournful discussion that it conducts on the imminent death of African art, will be appraised against a set of pronouncements by Placide Tempels (La Philosophie bantoue, [1949] 2013), Cheikh Anta Diop (L’Unité culturelle de l’Afrique noire, [1959] 1982) and V. Y. Mudimbe (‘“Reprendre”. Enunciations and strategies in contemporary African arts’, 1991). The article will also examine the long-term legacy of Les Statues and consider the recent response to it by the Irish video artist Duncan Campbell in It for Others, his 2014 Turner Prize-winning essay-film.
Dans cet article, je me pencherai sur le film d’art et essai Les Statues meurent aussi (1953) de Chris Marker, Alain Resnais et Ghislain Cloquet. A l’origine, ce film était une commande de Présence Africaine, la maison d’édition (mais aussi revue éponyme), qui assuma un rôle capital dans la transformation du paysage intellectuel français de l’après-guerre et institua, dans les domaines artistiques, littéraires, philosophiques, ainsi que dans les sciences humaines, de nouveaux rapports entre l’Afrique et l’Occident. Les Statues fait écho aux préoccupations principales de cette période. Le film déplore que les musées européens aient transformé l’art nègre en un objet de consommation; il en appelle à l’établissement d’un nouvel humanisme et milite également pour un ordre planétaire post-racial plus équitable. Les réflexions de Placide Tempels (La Philosophie bantoue, [1949] 2013), Cheikh Anta Diop (L’Unité culturelle de l’Afrique noire, [1959] 1982) et V. Y. Mudimbe (‘“Reprendre”. Enunciations and strategies in contemporary African arts’, 1991) seront mise à profit pour sonder le discours pessimiste que ce documentaire tient sur la fin imminente de l’art africain. Cet article prendra aussi en considération la portée, sur le long terme, du documentaire et évoquera le remake récent, It for Others (2013), du vidéaste irlandais Duncan Campbell, lauréat du Turner Prize en 2014.
L’usage de l’Antiquité chez Cheikh Anta Diop et l’ombre menaçante de Senghor
Authors: Mouralis Bernard 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
From the publication of his first book Nations nègres et culture in 1955, the Senegalese writer Cheikh Anta Diop (1923–1988) sought to demonstrate that Black people had lived in ancient Egypt. This thesis continues to be the subject of debate today. The present article will discuss the broad lines of Diop’s thinking and will explain that this writer, whose work deals with the question of ‘scientific’ truth, was not just an historian but also a philosopher. The article will subsequently focus on meaning in Diop’s writings. In this regard, the extent to which terms such as ‘counter discourse, ‘counter ideology’ and ‘heresy’ contribute to an understanding of the effects of Diop’s thought will be explored. Finally, the historical context of Diop’s writing will be emphasized, i.e the Senegal of Léopold Sédar Senghor. Diop was politically opposed to Senghor. However, the antagonism between the two men can also be explained by differences in their respective intellectual backgrounds: Diop was an academic researcher, whose publications very much reflect the conventions and methods of this profession. Senghor was a poet and an accomplished public speaker whose lectures frequently highlighted the type of broad cultural interests he acquired when he was a student in the Khâgne class of the prestigious Louis-Le-Grand high school in Paris and later in the Sorbonne.
L’écrivain sénégalais Cheikh Anta Diop (1923–1988) a cherché à montrer depuis son premier ouvrage, Nations nègres et culture, paru en 1954, que l’Egypte antique était habitée par un peuple noir, thèse qui devait provoquer des débats toujours très vifs. Après avoir rappelé les grandes lignes de la démonstration, cet article montre que Diop ne fut pas seulement un historien mais aussi un philosophe car ses différents ouvrages contiennent toute une réflexion sur la ‘science’ et la véracité de ses énoncés. Cette étude précisera ensuite ce qui fait sens dans l’oeuvre de Diop et, sur ce plan, on verra dans quelle mesure des termes comme ‘contre-discours’, ‘contre-idéologie’ ou ‘hérésie’ peuvent être envisagés pour éclairer les effets produits par cette oeuvre. Enfin, on se souviendra que Diop produit son oeuvre dans un contexte très particulier: le Sénégal de Léopold Sédar Senghor. Diop fut un opposant politique à Senghor. Mais leur antagonisme tient aussi au fait que Diop et Senghor n’occupaient pas la même place dans le champ académique: le premier fut un chercheur, auteur de nombreux livres savants; le second un poète et un conférencier, profondément marqué par les enseignements de la khâgne de Louis-Le-Grand, et un responsable politique, parfois enclin à abuser de son pouvoir temporel.