bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the PADME positron beam for the X17 measurement
Authors:   The PADME collaboration, Bertelli S. , Bossi F. , Buonomo B. , De Sangro R. , Di Giulio C. , Di Meco E. , Dimitrova K. , Domenici D. , Ferrarotto F. , Finocchiaro G. , Foggetta L. G. , Frankenthal A. , Garattini M. , Georgiev G. , Gianotti P. , Ivanov S. , Ivanov Sv. , Kozhuharov V. , Leonardi E. , Long E. , Mancini M. , Organtini G. C. , Raggi M. , Sarra I. , Simeonov R. , Spadaro T. , Spiriti E. , Valente P. , Variola A. , Vilucchi E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed characterization of the positron beam delivered by the Beam Test Facility at Laboratori Nazionali of Frascati to the PADME experiment during Run III, which took place from October to December 2022. It showcases the methodology used to measure the main beam parameters such as the position in space, the absolute momentum scale, the beam energy spread, and its intensity through a combination of data analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. The results achieved include an absolute precision in the momentum of the beam to within ~1–2 MeV/c, a relative beam energy spread below 0.25%, and an absolute precision in the intensity of the beam at the level of 2%.
Can you hear the Planck mass?
Authors: De Luca G. Bruno , De Ponti Nicolò , Mondino Andrea , Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For the Laplacian of an n-Riemannian manifold X, the Weyl law states that the k-th eigenvalue is asymptotically proportional to (k/V)2/n, where V is the volume of X. We show that this result can be derived via physical considerations by demanding that the gravitational potential for a compactification on X behaves in the expected (4+n)-dimensional way at short distances. In simple product compactifications, when particle motion on X is ergodic, for large k the eigenfunctions oscillate around a constant, and the argument is relatively straightforward. The Weyl law thus allows to reconstruct the four-dimensional Planck mass from the asymptotics of the masses of the spin 2 Kaluza-Klein modes. For warped compactifications, a puzzle appears: the Weyl law still depends on the ordinary volume V, while the Planck mass famously depends on a weighted volume obtained as an integral of the warping function. We resolve this tension by arguing that in the ergodic case the eigenfunctions oscillate now around a power of the warping function rather than around a constant, a property that we call weighted quantum ergodicity. This has implications for the problem of gravity localization, which we discuss. We show that for spaces with Dp-brane singularities the spectrum is discrete only for p = 6, 7, 8, and for these cases we rigorously prove the Weyl law by applying modern techniques from RCD theory.
Noncommutative gauge symmetry in the fractional quantum Hall effect
Authors: Du Yi-Hsien , Mehta Umang , Son Dam Thanh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We show that a system of particles on the lowest Landau level can be coupled to a probe U(1) gauge field $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
μ in such a way that the theory is invariant under a noncommutative U(1) gauge symmetry. While the temporal component $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
0 of the probe field is coupled to the projected density operator, the spatial components $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
i are best interpreted as quantum displacements, which distort the interaction potential between the particles. We develop a Seiberg-Witten-type map from the noncommutative U(1) gauge symmetry to a simpler version, which we call “baby noncommutative” gauge symmetry, where the Moyal brackets are replaced by the Poisson brackets. The latter symmetry group is isomorphic to the group of volume preserving diffeomorphisms. By using this map, we resolve the apparent contradiction between the noncommutative gauge symmetry, on the one hand, and the particle-hole symmetry of the half-filled Landau level and the presence of the mixed Chern-Simons terms in the effective Lagrangian of the fractional quantum Hall states, on the other hand. We outline the general procedure which can be used to write down effective field theories which respect the noncommutative U(1) symmetry.
More axion stars from strings
Authors: Gorghetto Marco , Hardy Edward , Villadoro Giovanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We show that if dark matter consists of QCD axions in the post-inflationary scenario more than ten percent of it efficiently collapses into Bose stars at matter-radiation equality. Such a result is mostly independent of the present uncertainties on the axion mass. This large population of solitons, with asteroid masses and Earth-Moon distance sizes, might plausibly survive until today, with potentially interesting implications for phenomenology and experimental searches.
Graph Hörmander Systems
Authors: Li Haojian , Junge Marius , LaRacuente Nicholas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper extends the Bakry-Émery criterion relating the Ricci curvature and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities to the noncommutative setting. We obtain easily computable complete modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities of graph Laplacians and Lindblad operators of the corresponding graph Hörmander systems. We develop the anti-transference principle stating that the matrix-valued modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities of sub-Laplacian operators on a compact Lie group are equivalent to such inequalities of a family of the transferred Lindblad operators with a uniform lower bound.
Non-coercive Neumann Boundary Control Problems
Authors: Apel Thomas , Mateos Mariano , Rösch Arnd 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe article examines a linear-quadratic Neumann control problem that is governed by a non-coercive elliptic equation. Due to the non-self-adjoint nature of the linear control-to-state operator, it is necessary to independently study both the state and adjoint state equations. The article establishes the existence and uniqueness of solutions for both equations, with minimal assumptions made about the problem’s data. Next, the regularity of these solutions is studied in three frameworks: Hilbert–Sobolev spaces, Sobolev–Slobodeckiĭ spaces, and weighted Sobolev spaces. These regularity results enable a numerical analysis of the finite element approximation of both the state and adjoint state equations. The results cover both convex and non-convex domains and quasi-uniform and graded meshes. Finally, the optimal control problem is analyzed and discretized. Existence and uniqueness of the solution, first-order optimality conditions, and error estimates for the finite element approximation of the control are obtained. Numerical experiments confirming these results are included.
New Asymptotic Evaluations for Sequences of Linear Positive Operators on $$C_{2\pi }\left( {{\mathbb {R}}}\right) $$
Authors: Popa Dumitru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the paper we give new asymptotic evaluations for sequences of linear positive operators $$V_{n}:C_{2\pi }\left( {{\mathbb {R}}}\right) \rightarrow C_{2\pi }\left( {{\mathbb {R}}}\right) $$

V
n

:

C

2
π

R

→

C

2
π

R

. Our method of the proof is entirely different than those known in this area. As applications we complete and extend known asymptotic evaluations in this topic.
Audio-biofeedback versus the scale method for improving partial weight-bearing adherence in healthy older adults: a randomised trial
Authors: von Aesch Arlene Vivienne , Häckel Sonja , Kämpf Tobias , Baur Heiner , Bastian Johannes Dominik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate how audio-biofeedback during the instruction of partial weight-bearing affected adherence, compared to traditional methods, in older adults; and to investigate the influence of individual characteristics.

Methods
The primary outcome measure of this randomised controlled trial was the amount of load, measured as the ground reaction force, on the partial weight-bearing leg. The secondary outcome was the influence of individual characteristics on the amount of load. Included were healthy volunteers 60 years of age or older without gait impairment. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups; blinding was not possible. Partial weight-bearing of 20 kg was trained using crutches with audio-biofeedback (intervention group) or a bathroom scale (control group). The degree of weight-bearing was measured during six activities with sensor insoles. A mean load between 15 and 25 kg was defined as adherent.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in weight-bearing between the groups for all activities measured. For the sit-stand-sit activity, weight-bearing was within the adherence range of 15–25 kg (audio-biofeedback: 21.7 ± 16.6 kg; scale: 22.6 ± 13 kg). For standing, loading was below the lower threshold (10 ± 7 vs. 10 ± 10 kg). Weight-bearing was above the upper threshold for both groups for: walking (26 ± 11 vs. 34 ± 16), step-up (29 ± 18 vs. 34 ± 20 kg) and step-down (28 ± 15 vs. 35 ± 19 kg). Lower level of cognitive function, older age, and higher body mass index were correlated with overloading.

Conclusion
Audio-biofeedback delivered no statistically significant benefit over the scale method. Lower cognitive function, older age and higher body mass index were associated with overloading.

Trial registration
Not applicable due not being a clinical trial and due to the cross-sectional design (one measurement point, no health intervention, no change in health of a person).
Deep learning-based image segmentation for defect detection in additive manufacturing: an overview
Authors: Deshpande Sourabh , Venugopal Vysakh , Kumar Manish , Anand Sam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) applications are rapidly expanding across multiple domains and are not limited to prototyping purposes. However, achieving flawless parts in medical, aerospace, and automotive applications is critical for the widespread adoption of AM in these industries. Since AM is a complex process consisting of multiple interdependent factors, deep learning (DL) approaches are adopted widely to correlate the AM process physics to the part quality. Typically, in AM processes, computer vision-based DL is performed by extracting the machine’s sensor data and layer-wise images through camera-based systems. This paper presents an overview of computer vision-assisted patch-wise defect localization and pixel-wise segmentation methods reported for AM processes to achieve error-free parts. In particular, these deep learning methods localize and segment defects in each layer, such as porosity, melt-pool regions, and spattering, during in situ processes. Further, knowledge of these defects can provide an in-depth understanding of fine-tuning optimal process parameters and part quality through real-time feedback. In addition to DL architectures to identify defects, we report on applications of DL extended to adjust the AM process variables in closed-loop feedback systems. Although several studies have investigated deploying closed-loop systems in AM for defect mitigation, specific challenges exist due to the relationship between inter-dependent process parameters and hardware constraints. We discuss potential opportunities to mitigate these challenges, including advanced segmentation algorithms, vision transformers, data diversity for improved performance, and predictive feedback approaches.
Mono-n-hexyl phthalate: exposure estimation and assessment of health risks based on levels found in human urine samples
Authors: Pirow Ralph , Bernauer Ulrike , Blume Annegret , Cieszynski Adrian , Flingelli Gabriele , Heiland Astrid , Herzler Matthias , Huhse Bettina , Riebeling Christian , Rosenthal Esther , Sy Moustapha , Tietz Thomas , Trubiroha Achim , Luch Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMono-n-hexyl phthalate (MnHexP) is a primary metabolite of di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHexP) and other mixed side-chain phthalates that was recently detected in urine samples from adults and children in Germany. DnHexP is classified as toxic for reproduction category 1B in Annex VI of Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 and listed in Annex XIV of the European chemical legislation REACH; thereby, its use requires an authorisation. Health-based guidance values for DnHexP are lacking and a full-scale risk assessment has not been carried out under REACH. The detection of MnHexP in urine samples raises questions about the sources of exposure and concerns of consumer safety. Here, we propose the calculation of a provisional oral tolerable daily intake value (TDI) of 63 µg/kg body weight/day for DnHexP and compare it to intake levels corresponding to levels of MnHexP found in urine. The resulting mean intake levels correspond to less than 0.2% of the TDI, and maximum levels to less than 5%. The TDI was derived by means of an approximate probabilistic analysis using the credible interval from benchmark dose modelling of published ex vivo data on reduced foetal testosterone production in rats. Thus, for the dose associated to a 20% reduction in testosterone production, a lower and upper credible interval of 14.9 and 30.0 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, was used. This is considered a conservative approach, since apical developmental endpoints (e.g. changed anogenital distance) were only observed at higher doses. In addition, we modelled various scenarios of the exposure to the precursor substance DnHexP from different consumer products, taking measured contamination levels into account, and estimated systemic exposure doses. Of the modelled scenarios including the application of sunscreen (as a lotion or pump spray), the use of lip balm, and the wearing of plastic sandals, and considering conservative assumptions, the use of DnHexP-contaminated sunscreen was highlighted as a major contributing factor. A hypothetical calculation using conservative assumptions for the latter resulted in a margin of safety in relation to the lower credible interval of 3267 and 1007 for adults and young children, respectively. Most importantly, it was found that only a fraction of the TDI is reached in all studied exposure scenarios. Thus, with regard to the reported DnHexP exposure, a health risk can be considered very unlikely.
Diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds with boundary and exotic embeddings
Authors: Iida Nobuo , Konno Hokuto , Mukherjee Anubhav , Taniguchi Masaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We define family versions of the invariant of 4-manifolds with contact boundary due to Kronheimer and Mrowka and use these to detect exotic diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds with boundary. Further, we show the existence of the first example of exotic 3-spheres in a smooth closed 4-manifold with diffeomorphic complements.
Exploring visible spectrum wavelengths in light transmission through wood material
Authors: Boivin Juliette , Teyssieux Damien , Froehly Luc , Girardon Stéphane , Denaud Louis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWood is a multiscale heterogeneous natural composite material with properties depending on its growing conditions and its genetic heritage. This variability is challenging for industries that work to perform homogeneous and reliable products. In industry, different non-destructive testing methods are in use to classify, grade, and select wood products to optimize their usage. Among them, the use of lasers to detect fiber orientation with different wavelengths. This orientation significantly influences the mechanical behavior of wood, including stress limits and stiffness. According to our knowledge, the use of laser diffusion still is limited to grain angle measurement. Our objective in this paper is to realize transmission light scattering maps for wood samples from several wood species (poplar, oak, Douglas fir, beech), and then identify the most suitable wavelength to study light diffusion in wood, depending on the property that will be measured. A supercontinuum laser is used over a wavelength range from 500 to 800 nm, allowing precise adjustment of the wavelengths. It was found that near-infrared light better scatters in the studied wood species than lower wavelength. However, the wavelength that gives the best contrast between earlywood and latewood depends on the sample studied and is not necessarily in the near infrared rays.
GTPases of immunity associated proteins in the dinoflagellate Breviolum minutum are involved in the response to thermal stress and low light levels
Authors: Cantrell Brylen M. , Martin Sydney N. , Stiers Sara M. , Taylor Ariel N. , Poole Angela Z. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGuanosine Triphosphate (GTP)ases of Immunity Associated Proteins (GIMAP) are small G proteins that in vertebrates, regulate immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. While previously thought to be limited to vertebrates and plants, this family of proteins was recently characterized in a diversity of dinoflagellates. However, information regarding the function of GIMAPs in dinoflagellates is lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study (conducted from March-November of 2022) was to assess the expression of GIMAPs in the cnidarian symbiont Breviolum minutum (formerly Symbiodinium minutum, referred to as Bm_GIMAPs) in response to low light (25 vs 8 μmol m−2 s−1 for 9 d), thermal stress (22 vs 28 °C for 48 h), and symbiotic state (cultured vs in hospite). These factors were selected due to their importance in the lifestyle of a photosynthetic symbiont and relevance to the ecologically important issue of coral bleaching. The results indicate Bm_GIMAP expression increased under both low light and elevated temperature, suggesting a role in the response to bleaching related stressors. Cultured B. minutum had lower baseline Bm_GIMAP expression than those in association with a cnidarian host, but a stronger response to thermal stress, suggesting their function is influenced by symbiosis. Lastly, further support for the responsiveness of GIMAPs to thermal stress was provided by a comparison with previously published RNA-seq data from cultured Symbiodiniaceae. Collectively, the results presented here represent the first functional investigation of GIMAPs in an ecologically important group of protists and provide a greater understanding of the molecular response of dinoflagellates to stressors related to bleaching.
The benefit of optimizing recanalization during mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke depends on preprocedural tissue-level collateralization
Authors: Wrona Paweł , Wróbel Dominik , Mizera Paweł , Jóźwik Joanna , Jakobschy Klaudia , Zdrojewska Kaja , Homa Tomasz , Sawczyńska Katarzyna , Popiela Tadeusz , Słowik Agnieszka , Turaj Wojciech 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 3 represents the optimal angiographic outcome following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although it is known to yield better outcomes than TICI 2b, the influence of preprocedural cerebral hemodynamics on the clinical advantage of TICI 3 over TICI 2b remains unexplored.

Methods
This single-center retrospective analysis involved patients with anterior circulation AIS who underwent successful recanalization during MT at the Comprehensive Stroke Center, University Hospital, Krakow between January 2019 and July 2023. We assessed the benefit of achieving TICI 2c/3 over TICI 2b on the basis of preprocedural computed perfusion imaging results, primarily focusing on early infarct volume (EIV) and tissue-level collaterals indicated by hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR). Good functional outcome (GFO) was defined as a modified Rankin Score < 3 on day 90.

Results
The study comprised 612 patients, of whom 467 (76.3%) achieved TICI 2c/3. GFO was more frequent in the TICI 2c/3 group (54.5% vs 69.4%, p < 0.001). There was interaction between the recanalization status and both HIR (Pi = 0.042) and EIV (Pi = 0.012) in predicting GFO, with disproportionately higher impact of HIR and EIV in TICI 2b group. The benefit from TICI 2c/3 over TICI 2b was insignificant among patients with good collaterals, defined by HIR < 0.3 (odds ratio:1.36 [0.58–3.18], p = 0.483).

Conclusion
TICI 2c/3 improves patient functional outcomes compared to TICI 2b regardless of EIV. However, such angiographic improvement may be clinically futile in patients with good tissue-level collateralization. Our findings suggest that preprocedural HIR should be considered when optimization of recanalization is considered during MT.
Distinguishing glioblastoma progression from treatment-related changes using DTI directionality growth analysis
Authors: van den Elshout R. , Ariëns B. , Esmaeili M. , Akkurt B. , Mannil M. , Meijer F. J. A. , van der Kolk A. G. , Scheenen T. W. J. , Henssen D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
It is difficult to distinguish between tumor progression (TP) and treatment-related abnormalities (TRA) in treated glioblastoma patients via conventional MRI, but this distinction is crucial for treatment decision making. Glioblastoma is known to exhibit an invasive growth pattern along white matter architecture and vasculature. This study quantified lesion development patterns in treated glioblastoma lesions and their relation to white matter microstructure to distinguish TP from TRA.

Materials and methods
Glioblastoma patients with confirmed TP or TRA with T1-weighted contrast-enhanced and DTI MR scans from two posttreatment follow-up timepoints were reviewed. The contrast-enhancing regions were segmented, and the regions were coregistered to the DTI data. Lesion increase vectors were categorized into two groups: parallel (0–20 degrees) and perpendicular (70–90 degrees) to white matter. FA-values were also extracted. To test for a statistically significant difference between the TP and TRA groups, a Mann‒Whitney U test was performed.

Results
Of 73 glioblastoma patients, fifteen were diagnosed with TRA, whereas 58 patients suffered TP. TP had a 25.8% (95% CI 24.1%-27.6%) increase in parallel lesions, and TRA had a 25.4% (95% CI 20.9%-29.9%) increase in parallel lesions. The perpendicular increase was 14.7% for TP (95% CI 13.0%-16.4%) and 18.0% (95% CI 13.5%-22.5%) for TRA. These results were not significantly different (p = 0.978). FA value for TP showed to be 0.248 (SD = 0.054) and for TRA it was 0.231 (SD = 0.075), showing no statistically significant difference (p = 0.121).

Conclusions
Based on our results, quantifying posttreatment contrast-enhancing lesion development directionality with DTI in glioblastoma patients does not appear to effectively distinguish between TP and TRA.