bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' expectations of osteopathic care: a qualitative study
Authors: Cross Vinette , Leach C. M. Janine , Fawkes Carol A. , Moore Ann P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown that patients' expectations of health care and health‐care practitioners are complex and may have a significant impact on outcomes of care. Little is known about the expectations of osteopathic patients.ObjectivesTo explore osteopathic patients' expectations of private sector care.DesignFocus groups and individual interviews with purposively selected patients; this was the qualitative phase of a mixed methods study, the final phase being a patient survey.Setting and participantsA total of 34 adult patients currently attending for treatment at private osteopathic practices across the United Kingdom.InterventionFocus group discussions and individual interviews around expectations before, during and after osteopathic care.Outcome measuresThematic analysis of text data to identify topics raised by patients and to group these into broad themes.ResultsMany components of expectation were identified. A preliminary conceptual framework describing the way the therapeutic encounter is approached in osteopathy comprised five themes: individual agency, professional expertise, customer experience, therapeutic process and interpersonal relationship.Discussion and ConclusionThe components of expectation identified in this phase of the study provided potential question topics for the survey questionnaire in the subsequent phase of the investigation. The model developed in this study may add a new perspective to existing evidence on expectations. Further research is recommended to test the findings both within private practice and the National Health Service.
Parties, Parliament and Pride's Purge: David Underdown as Political Historian
Authors: Peacey Jason 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis piece reassesses the work of the late David Underdown, one of the most important historians of the early modern period of the last 50 years. In particular, it concentrates upon his work on political history, with specific reference to what is probably his most important book, Pride's Purge (1971). This book has had a profound effect on the historiography of the civil wars, and the aim of this article is not to question its overall narrative relating to the Independent faction, to the events surrounding the trial of Charles I, and to the broader Puritan revolution, but rather to assess Underdown's approach and methodology, and his treatment of sources. It discusses and critiques his prosopographical methodology, while at the same time arguing that scholars still have much to learn from the way in which Underdown analysed parliament and high politics, from the way in which he connected local and national aspects of the revolution and the disciplines of social and political history, and from his willingness to adopt a creative approach to the use of contemporary pamphlets and newspapers.
David Underdown and Cricket
Authors: Cust Richard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article recalls some of the author's discussions with David Underdown about cricket. It then goes to review his book about the early development of the game, State of Play, setting it in the context of his work on early modern social history and his abiding concerns about the impact of money and gambling on cricket, and the dangers of the game losing touch with its local grass roots.
The role of the non‐collagenous matrix in tendon function
Authors: Thorpe Chavaunne T. , Birch Helen L. , Clegg Peter D. , Screen Hazel R.C. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryTendon consists of highly ordered type I collagen molecules that are grouped together to form subunits of increasing diameter. At each hierarchical level, the type I collagen is interspersed with a predominantly non‐collagenous matrix (NCM) (Connect. Tissue Res.,6, 1978, 11). Whilst many studies have investigated the structure, organization and function of the collagenous matrix within tendon, relatively few have studied the non‐collagenous components. However, there is a growing body of research suggesting theNCMplays an important role within tendon; adaptations to this matrix may confer the specific properties required by tendons with different functions. Furthermore, age‐related alterations to non‐collagenous proteins have been identified, which may affect tendon resistance to injury. This review focuses on theNCMwithin the tensional region of developing and mature tendon, discussing the current knowledge and identifying areas that require further study to fully understand structure–function relationships within tendon. This information will aid in the development of appropriate techniques for tendon injury prevention and treatment.
Neuronal regulation of tendon homoeostasis
Authors: Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe regulation of tendon homoeostasis, including adaptation to loading, is still not fully understood. Accumulating data, however, demonstrates that in addition to afferent (sensory) functions, the nervous system, via efferent pathways which are associated with through specific neuronal mediators plays an active role in regulating pain, inflammation and tendon homeostasis. This neuronal regulation of intact‐, healing‐ and tendinopathic tendons has been shown to be mediated by three major groups of molecules including opioid, autonomic and excitatory glutamatergic neuroregulators. In intact healthy tendons the neuromediators are found in the surrounding structures: paratenon, endotenon and epitenon, whereas the proper tendon itself is practically devoid of neurovascular supply. This neuroanatomy reflects that normal tendon homoeostasis is regulated from the tendon surroundings. After injury and during tendon repair, however, there is extensive nerve ingrowth into the tendon proper, followed by a time‐dependent emergence of sensory, autonomic and glutamatergic mediators, which amplify and fine‐tune inflammation and regulate tendon regeneration. In tendinopathic condition, excessive and protracted presence of sensory and glutamatergic neuromediators has been identified, suggesting involvement in inflammatory, nociceptive and hypertrophic (degenerative) tissue responses. Under experimental and clinical conditions of impaired (e.g. diabetes) as well as excessive (e.g. tendinopathy) neuromediator release, dysfunctional tendon homoeostasis develops resulting in chronic pain and gradual degeneration. Thus there is a prospect that in the future pharmacotherapy and tissue engineering approaches targeting neuronal mediators and their receptors may prove to be effective therapies for painful, degenerative and traumatic tendon disorders.
Challenges in relating to mental health professionals: Perspectives of persons with severe mental illness
Authors: Ådnøy Eriksen Kristin , Arman Maria , Davidson Larry , Sundfør Bengt , Karlsson Bengt 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA previous analysis showed that mental health service users experienced profound loneliness, struggled to relate to other people, and were careful in considering what to share with health‐care professionals. Being recognized by professionals in relationships may contribute to recovery processes characterized by ‘connectedness’, ‘hope and optimism’, ‘identity’, ‘meaning’, and ‘empowerment’. This paper regards people as mainly seeking contact and meaning (relational perspective) and aims to describe service users' understanding of being in relationships with professionals, and how these relationships may limit or enhance recovery. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze data from in‐depth interviews. Participants described three levels of connectedness with professionals: (i) being detached; (ii) being cautious; and (iii) being open and trusting. Level of connectedness seemed to be associated with opportunities for promoted recovery. Trusting relationships may strengthen identity, provide opportunities for meaning and hope, and contribute to opening new perspectives, and lessen significance of internal voices. Adopting a relational perspective may assist professionals in recognizing the service user as a person involved in making sense of life experiences and in the process of connecting to other people.
An Assessment Methodology for Domestic Systemically Important Banks in Australia
Authors: Brämer Patrick , Gischer Horst 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article serves as a response to the assessment methodology of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to identify systemically important banks. The official technique requires an extensive collection of bank data, which can hardly be accessed in full by the general public. By contrast, our article develops a practicable modification that utilises only readily available indicators and thus provides a helpful tool for banks' stakeholders and the public. For the period 2002–2011, we determine the domestic systemic importance of every licensed bank in Australia. Our quantitative results do not only uncover high levels of systemic impact of the four major banks, but their rising dominance during the Global Financial Crisis.
Household Preference and Financial Commitment to Flood Insurance in South‐East Queensland
Authors: Lo Alex Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMany Queenslanders who were affected by the severe flood events in 2011 failed to recover their losses. Arrangements for flood insurance are under federal reviews in response to mounting public pressure. Against this backdrop, a household survey was conducted to solicit residents' preferences. The majority of interviewed residents favoured optional purchase of flood insurance. Non‐insurance was associated with expectations of liberal assistance, indicating the possibility of ‘moral hazard’. Willingness to pay for flood insurance was related to social influence. The non‐insured households would spend more if they expected positive responses from people around. Attempts to reduce non‐insurance should address aspects of social influence.
Disasters as Crisis Triggers for Critical Junctures? The 1976 Guatemala Case
Authors: Gawronski Vincent T. , Olson Richard Stuart 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on the 1976 Guatemala earthquake disaster as a possible crisis trigger, in a relatively strict application of the critical juncture analytical approach. It expands to include the broader question of what conditions might cause disasters to trigger crises that open critical junctures for nation-states. The research concludes that the 1976 Guatemala disaster led to a high degree of community self-organizing and alliance-building across Guatemala, which the Guatemalan national security state at that time perceived as a fundamental crisis requiring a response. This reaction generated significant debate and policy conflict within the state; the resulting decision was massively repressive violence, with legacies that continue to this day. Another conclusion is that strictly applied, critical juncture analysis can untangle often very complicated disaster postimpact emergency, recovery, and reconstruction situations.
Giant Magnetoelectric Effect in Thin‐Film Composites
Authors: Jahns Robert , Piorra Andre , Lage Enno , Kirchhof Christine , Meyners Dirk , Gugat Jascha Lukas , Krantz Matthias , Gerken Martina , Knöchel Reinhard , Quandt Eckhard 
Published: May 2013

Highly sensitive AC magnetic field sensors are presented using magnetoelectric composites consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases. They are offering passive nature, high sensitivity, large effect enhancement at mechanical resonance, and large linear dynamic range. Thin‐film magnetoelectric 2‐2 composites benefit from perfect coupling between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases and from the reduction in size which is essential for high spatial resolution. Their design uses AlN and a plate capacitor or PZT with interdigital electrodes and magnetostrictive amorphous FeCoSiB single layers or exchanged biased multilayers. At mechanical resonance and depending on the geometry, extremely high ME coefficients of up to 9.7 kV/cm Oe in air and up to 19 kV/cm Oe under vacuum were obtained. To avoid external DC magnetic bias fields, composites consisting of exchanged biased multilayers serving as the magnetostrictive component with a maximum magnetoelectric coefficient at zero magnetic bias field are employed. Furthermore, the anisotropic response of these exchanged biased composites can be utilized for three‐dimensional vector field sensing. Sensitivity and noise of the sensors revealed limits of detection as good as to 2.3 pT/Hz1/2 at mechanical resonance. Sensitivity between 0.1 and 1000 Hz outside resonance can be enhanced through frequency conversion using AC magnetic bias fields.
Effect of Dopants on the Distribution of Aluminum and Oxygen Fluxes in Polycrystalline Alumina Under Oxygen Potential Gradients at High Temperatures
Authors: Matsudaira Tsuneaki , Wada Masashi , Kitaoka Satoshi 
Published: May 2013

The oxygen permeability of Lu‐, Y‐, and Hf‐doped polycrystalline alumina wafers under steep oxygen potential gradients was evaluated at temperatures above 1773 K. Oxygen permeation occurred by the grain‐boundary (GB) diffusion of oxygen from the higher oxygen partial pressure (PO2) surface to the lower PO2 surface, and was coincident with GB diffusion of aluminum in the reverse direction. Lu‐ and Y‐doping both suppressed oxygen permeation to the same extent, owing to the decrease in oxygen mobility, but neither had any significant effect on aluminum mobility. Hf‐doping had the opposite effect. The fluxes of oxygen and aluminum at the inflow side in all wafers were significantly smaller than those at the outflow side, regardless of whether or not these dopants were added. Consequently, the intersection of the fluxes shifted to the lower PO2 side upon Lu‐ and Y‐doping, and to the higher PO2 side upon Hf‐doping. Furthermore, the effect of dopants on the mass transfer in scales formed by oxidation of FeCrAl‐based alloys at 1300–1500 K was analyzed through predictions of the flux distributions of oxygen and aluminum in the scales.
Inner strength as a mediator of the relationship between disease and self‐rated health among old people
Authors: Viglund Kerstin , Jonsén Elisabeth , Strandberg Gunilla , Lundman Berit , Nygren Björn 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo explore inner strength as a mediator of the relationship between disease and self‐rated health among older people.BackgroundQualitative research has indicated that inner strength is an essential resource for an individual affected by disease. A hypothesis of inner strength as a mediator of the relationship between disease and self‐rated health was proposed. The theoretical framework of inner strength was based on the Model of Inner Strength.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used.MethodThe sample included 6119 participants from Finland and Sweden, in the ages of 65, 70, 75 and 80 years. The GERDA‐Botnia questionnaire, which included the Inner Strength Scale and items related to diseases and self‐rated health, was sent out between October and December 2010. Structural equation modelling was used to test a hypothesized model.ResultsThe result indicated that having a disease was associated with poorer self‐rated health and a lower degree of inner strength and a higher degree of inner strength was associated with better self‐rated health. The result supported the hypothesis by indicating that inner strength partially mediated the relationship between disease and self‐rated health.ConclusionThis large cross‐sectional study with participants from 65 to 80 years of age from Finland and Sweden showed that inner strength can be a resource for older people affected by disease. Increasing inner strength in older people affected by disease may be one intervention to support experiences of health despite disease.
Genetic Interactions Reveal that Specific Defects of Chloroplast Translation are Associated with the Suppression of var2‐Mediated Leaf Variegation
Authors: Liu Xiayan , Zheng Mengdi , Wang Rui , Wang Ruijuan , An Lijun , Rodermel Steve R. , Yu Fei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractArabidopsis thaliana L. yellow variegated (var2) mutant is defective in a chloroplast FtsH family metalloprotease, AtFtsH2/VAR2, and displays an intriguing green and white leaf variegation. This unique var2‐mediated leaf variegation offers a simple yet powerful tool for dissecting the genetic regulation of chloroplast development. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new var2 suppressor gene, SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION8 (SVR8), which encodes a putative chloroplast ribosomal large subunit protein, L24. Mutations in SVR8 suppress var2 leaf variegation at ambient temperature and partially suppress the cold‐induced chlorosis phenotype of var2. Loss of SVR8 causes unique chloroplast rRNA processing defects, particularly the 23S–4.5S dicistronic precursor. The recovery of the major abnormal processing site in svr8 23S–4.5S precursor indicate that it does not lie in the same position where SVR8/L24 binds on the ribosome. Surprisingly, we found that the loss of a chloroplast ribosomal small subunit protein, S21, results in aberrant chloroplast rRNA processing but not suppression of var2 variegation. These findings suggest that the disruption of specific aspects of chloroplast translation, rather than a general impairment in chloroplast translation, suppress var2 variegation and the existence of complex genetic interactions in chloroplast development.
Effect of hepatitis B virus infection on apoptosis of a human choriocarcinoma cell line in vitro
Authors: Bai Guiqin , Fu Fengping , Tang Yao , Wang Yueling 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect and mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the human choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG‐3, in relation to apoptosis and intrauterine infection.Material and MethodsHBV‐DNA serum was used to infect the choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG‐3, in vitro. Real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT‐PCR) was then employed to detect intracellular replication of HBV DNA. Cells were also stained with Annexin‐V and propidium iodide (PI) to identify the stages of apoptosis following infection. In addition, reverse transcription PCR was used to detect intracellular HBx mRNA levels, and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect changes in the intracellular expression of HBxAg and phosphatidylinositol kinase 3 (PI3K). Flow cytometry was also used to detect the intracellular levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT).ResultsAfter JEG‐3 cells were infected with HBV in vitro, HBV DNA was detected. The percentage of cells in early and late stage apoptosis also decreased significantly. Expression of HBx mRNA and HBxAg were detected, and intracellular levels of PI3K and pAKT were observed to significantly increase.ConclusionHBV infected JEG‐3 cells in vitro, resulting in an inhibition of early and late stage apoptosis. In addition, the HBxAg/PI3K/pAKT pathway is a possible mechanism mediating this inhibition of apoptosis, and the infection of the placenta by HBV.
The effect of dietary protein levels on the expression of genes coding for four selected protein translation initiation factors in muscle tissue of Wujin pig
Authors: Liu L. Y. , Wang J. , Huang Y. , Pan H. B. , Zhang X. , Huang Z. X. , Zhao S. M. , Gao S. Z. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying the increased muscle protein accumulation in pigs while were fed a high protein diet. The eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) have been reported to involve in muscle protein synthesis. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels of eIF2B1, 4A1, 4B and 4E in Wujin pigs fed either a high protein (HP: 18%) or a low protein (LP: 14%) diet at 30, 60 or 100 kg body weight, based on real‐time PCR and western blotting analyses. Our results indicated that the expression levels of eIF2B1 mRNA and protein were increased by HP diet at all body weight. The HP diet showed higher mRNA and protein levels of eIF4B gene at 60 and 100 kg. The protein expression of eIF4E phosphorylation was increased by HP diet only at 30 kg. These data suggested that the HP diet promoted porcine muscle protein accumulation mainly by up‐regulating eIF2B1, 4B and 4E rather than 4A1 expression along the growth stages.
The first fossil Microsoroid fern (Palaeosorum ellipticum gen. et sp. nov.) from the middle Miocene of Yunnan, SW China
Authors: JACQUES Frédéric M. B. , SU Tao , ZHOU Zhe‐Kun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe microsoroid ferns make up a large group in the family Polypodiaceae, easily characterized by the combination of at least partly clathrate rhizome scales and anastomosing reticulate venation. The diversification of this clade is poorly known, both because of unresolved generic delimitations and the lack of fossil records. In this work, we describe the first microsoroid macrofossil: Palaeosorum ellipticum sp. nov. F. M. B. Jacques & Z. K. Zhou. The fossil specimen, represented by part and counterpart, was found in the middle Miocene sediment of the Dajie Formation in Ailsohan, central Yunnan, southwest China. Epiphytic ferns belonging to Drynaria are found in different locations in Yunnan during the Pliocene. The fossil described in this study deepens the occurrence of epiphytic ferns in Yunnan back to the middle Miocene. It demonstrates that forests with complex ecological relationships have existed in southwest China for more than 10 million years.
Rheological Properties of Kefir as Affected by Heat Treatment and Whey Protein Addition
Authors: Dimitreli G. , Gregoriou E.‐A. , Kalantzidis G. , Antoniou K.D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effects of heat treatment and whey protein addition on the fermentation time and the rheological properties of kefir determined using a pneumatic tube viscometer of novel design, were investigated. Kefir samples were prepared with and without the addition of whey protein concentrates (WPC) at varying concentrations, while heat treatment of the milk was made prior or after WPC addition (resulted to native or denatured whey proteins, respectively). Increasing WPC concentration resulted to increased lactic acid concentration and reduced fermentation time. The flow curves of the samples suggested that kefir behaves as a pseudoplastic fluid. The apparent viscosity of kefir samples was increased with increasing WPC concentration. However, the “state” of added whey proteins greatly affected the rheological properties of kefir. Particularly, denatured whey proteins resulted to higher consistency index values and thus apparent viscosity and lower flow behavior index values, when compared with native whey proteins.Practical ApplicationsKefir is a fermented beverage, which is reported of being beneficial to health. The large number of different microorganisms found in it and the variety of bioactive compounds produced during fermentation distinguishes it from other probiotic products. The study of the rheological properties of kefir as well as the factors that have an effect on them is of great scientific and commercial interest, because they can affect the quality of the final product and thus its acceptance by the consumers, the promotion of its standardization, and allow the correct selection of equipments like pumps and filling machines in the industry. The addition of whey protein concentrates (WPC) can enhance rheological properties of kefir and thus improve the quality of the final product. Furthermore, the “state” of the added whey proteins greatly affects the impact degree on the rheological behavior of kefir.