bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological Behavior Study of Cationic Surfactant‐Polyelectrolyte Complex (AD37/P4VP‐DPC) in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Tennouga Lahcene , Mansri Ali , Bentrar Rachid , Grassl Bruno 
Published: May 2014

SummaryPolyelectrolyte 27% hydrolyzed polyacrylamide‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (AD37‐P4VP) complex with cationic surfactant dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) interactions in aqueous solution, is investigated by rheological measurements, at 20 °C with a fixed neutralization degree α = 0.1. The results show that the interaction of complex (AD37‐P4VP) is favored in the presence of the DPC where the electrostatic interactions are dominant. This interaction is governed by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In the presence of salt, it is more cooperative.Three rheological behaviors are determined of this system show a shear thinning behavior, shear thickening for the strong shear rate and a newtonian behavior.Then, we determine the rheological models of the system to different concentration of P4VP in the presence and absence of salt to justify the rheological behavior of the complex.
Upregulation of dopamine D3, not D2, receptors correlates with tardive dyskinesia in a primate model
Authors: Mahmoudi Souha , Lévesque Daniel , Blanchet Pierre J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a delayed and potentially irreversible motor complication arising in patients chronically exposed to centrally active dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, including antipsychotic drugs and metoclopramide. The classical dopamine D2 receptor supersensitivity hypothesis in TD, which stemmed from rodent studies, lacks strong support in humans. To investigate the neurochemical basis of TD, we chronically exposed adult capuchin monkeys to haloperidol (median, 18.5 months; n = 11) or clozapine (median, 6 months; n = 6). Six unmedicated animals were used as controls. Five haloperidol‐treated animals developed mild TD movements, and no TD was observed in the clozapine group. Using receptor autoradiography, we measured striatal dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptor levels. We also examined the D3 receptor/preprotachykinin messenger RNA (mRNA) co‐expression, and quantified preproenkephalin mRNA levels, in striatal sections. Unlike clozapine, haloperidol strongly induced dopamine D3 receptor binding sites in the anterior caudate‐putamen, particularly in TD animals, and binding levels positively correlated with TD intensity. Interestingly, the D3 receptor upregulation was observed in striatonigral neurons. In contrast, D2 receptor binding was comparable to controls, and dopamine D1 receptor binding was reduced in the anterior putamen. Enkephalin mRNA widely increased in all animals, but to a greater extent in TD‐free animals. These results suggest for the first time that upregulated striatal D3 receptors correlate with TD in nonhuman primates, adding new insights to the dopamine receptor supersensitivity hypothesis. The D3 receptor could provide a novel target for drug intervention in human TD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Listening to music during electromyography does not influence the examinee's anxiety and pain levels
Authors: Abraham Alon , Drory Vivian E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Listening to music is a low‐cost intervention that has demonstrated ability to reduce pain and anxiety levels in various medical procedures. Methods: Subjects undergoing electrophysiological examinations were randomized into a music‐listening group and a control group. Visual analog scales were used to measure anxiety and pain levels during the procedure. Results: Thirty subjects were randomized to each group. No statistically significant difference was found in anxiety or pain levels during the procedure between groups. However, most subjects in the music‐listening group reported anxiety and pain reduction and would prefer to hear music in a future examination. Conclusions: Although listening to music during electrophysiological examinations did not reduce anxiety or pain significantly, most subjects felt a positive effect and would prefer to hear music; therefore, we suggest that music may be offered optionally in the electromyography laboratory setting. Muscle Nerve 50: 445–447, 2014
Persistence or change in leisure‐time physical activity habits and waist gain during early adulthood: A twin‐study
Authors: Rottensteiner Mirva , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Kaprio Jaakko , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between persistence or change in leisure‐time physical activity habits and waist gain among young adults.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study among 3383 Finnish twin individuals (1578 men) from five birth cohorts (1975‐1979), who answered questionnaires at mean ages of 24.4 y (SD 0.9) and 33.9 y (SD 1.2), with reported self‐measured waist circumference. Persistence or change in leisure‐time physical activity habits was defined based on thirds of activity metabolic equivalent h/day during follow‐up (mean 9.5 y; SD 0.7).ResultsDecreased activity was linked to greater waist gain compared to increased activity (3.6 cm, P < 0.001 for men; 3.1 cm, P < 0.001 for women). Among same‐sex activity discordant twin pairs, twins who decreased activity gained an average 2.8 cm (95%CI 0.4 to 5.1, P = 0.009) more waist than their co‐twins who increased activity (n = 85 pairs); among MZ twin pairs (n = 43), the difference was 4.2 cm (95%CI 1.2 to 7.2, P = 0.008).ConclusionsAmong young adults, an increase in leisure‐time physical activity or staying active during a decade of follow‐up was associated with less waist gain, but any decrease in activity level, regardless baseline activity, led to waist gain that was similar to that associated with being persistently inactive.
Pivotal role of MUC1 glycosylation by cigarette smoke in modulating disruption of airway adherens junctions in vitro
Authors: Zhang Lili , Gallup Marianne , Zlock Lorna , Chen Yu Ting Feeling , Finkbeiner Walter E , McNamara Nancy A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCigarette smoke increases the risk of lung cancer by 20‐fold and accounts for 87% of lung cancer deaths. In the normal airway, heavily O‐glycosylated mucin‐1 (MUC1) and adherens junctions (AJs) establish a structural barrier that protects the airway from infectious, inflammatory and noxious stimuli. Smoke disrupts cell–cell adhesion via its damaging effects on the AJ protein epithelial cadherin (E‐cad). Loss of E‐cad is a major hallmark of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and has been reported in lung cancer, where it is associated with invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis. Using organotypic cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells treated with smoke‐concentrated medium (Smk), we have demonstrated that E‐cad loss is regulated through the aberrant interaction of its AJ binding partner, p120‐catenin (p120ctn), and the C‐terminus of MUC1 (MUC1‐C). Here, we reported that even before MUC1‐C became bound to p120ctn, smoke promoted the generation of a novel 400 kDa glycoform of MUC1's N‐terminus (MUC1‐N) differing from the 230 kDa and 150 kDa glycoforms in untreated control cells. The subsequent smoke‐induced, time‐dependent shedding of glycosylated MUC1‐N exposed MUC1‐C as a putative receptor for interactions with EGFR, Src and p120ctn. Smoke‐induced MUC1‐C glycosylation modulated MUC1‐C tyrosine phosphorylation (TyrP) that was essential for MUC1‐C/p120ctn interaction through dose‐dependent bridging of Src/MUC1‐C/galectin‐3/EGFR signalosomes. Chemical deglycosylation of MUC1 using a mixture of N‐glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin and O‐glycosylation inhibitor benzyl‐α‐GalNAc disrupted the Src/MUC1‐C/galectin‐3/EGFR complexes and thereby abolished smoke‐induced MUC1‐C‐TyrP and MUC1‐C/p120ctn interaction. Similarly, inhibition of smoke‐induced MUC1‐N glycosylation using adenoviral shRNA directed against N‐acetyl‐galactosaminyl transferase‐6 (GALNT6, an enzyme that controls the initiating step of O‐glycosylation) successfully suppressed MUC1‐C/p120ctn interaction, prevented E‐cad degradation and maintained cellular polarity in response to smoke. Thus, GALNT6 shRNA represents a potential therapeutic modality to prevent the initiation of events associated with EMT in the smoker's airway. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deregulation of RB1 expression by loss of imprinting in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Anwar Sumadi Lukman , Krech Till , Hasemeier Britta , Schipper Elisa , Schweitzer Nora , Vogel Arndt , Kreipe Hans , Lehmann Ulrich 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe tumour suppressor gene RB1 is frequently silenced in many different types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, mutations of the RB1 gene are relatively rare in HCC. A systematic screen for the identification of imprinted genes deregulated in human HCC revealed that RB1 shows imprint abnormalities in a high proportion of primary patient samples. Altogether, 40% of the HCC specimens (16/40) showed hyper‐ or hypomethylation at the CpG island in intron 2 of the RB1 gene. Re‐analysis of publicly available genome‐wide DNA methylation data confirmed these findings in two independent HCC cohorts. Loss of correct DNA methylation patterns at the RB1 locus leads to the aberrant expression of an alternative RB1–E2B transcript, as measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. Demethylation at the intron 2 CpG island by DNMT1 knock‐down or aza‐deoxycytidine (DAC) treatment stimulated expression of the RB1–E2B transcript, accompanied by diminished RB1 main transcript expression. No aberrant DNA methylation was found at the RB1 locus in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA, n = 10), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH, n = 5) and their corresponding adjacent liver tissue specimens. Deregulated RB1 expression due to hyper‐ or hypomethylation in intron 2 of the RB1 gene is found in tumours without loss of heterozygosity and is associated with a decrease in overall survival (p = 0.032) if caused by hypermethylation of CpG85. This unequivocally demonstrates that loss of imprinting represents an important additional mechanism for RB1 pathway inactivation in human HCC, complementing well‐described molecular defects. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bevacizumab exposure beyond first disease progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: analyses of the ARIES observational cohort study
Authors: Grothey Axel , Flick E. Dawn , Cohn Allen L. , Bekaii‐Saab Tanios S. , Bendell Johanna C. , Kozloff Mark , Roach Nancy , Mun Yong , Fish Susan , Hurwitz Herbert I. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThis analysis from Avastin® Registries: Investigation of Effectiveness and Safety (ARIES) examined the association between exposure to bevacizumab after disease progression (PD) and postprogression survival (PPS) in bevacizumab‐exposed metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) through the application of time‐dependent and time‐fixed analytical methods.MethodsPatients with mCRC who were treated with first‐line bevacizumab and who survived first PD (PD1) were included. A time‐dependent Cox regression model was fitted to assess the effect of cumulative bevacizumab exposure on PPS, while controlling for potential confounders. In addition to support findings from previous studies, a modified intent‐to‐treat (mITT) analysis compared PPS in patients who received bevacizumab beyond disease progression (BBP) with those who did not (No‐BBP).ResultsOf 1550 patients, 1199 survived PD1 and had a median PPS of 13.4 months. Cumulative bevacizumab exposure was associated with improved PPS (p = 0.0040). After adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratios (HRs) for PPS decreased, on average, by 1.2% (range, 1.1–1.3%) with each additional dose of bevacizumab. In the mITT analysis, the median PPS for BBP (n = 438) was 14.4 months vs 10.6 months with for No‐BBP (n = 667). BBP was found to be independently associated with longer PPS in a multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.97). Protocol‐specified adverse events suspected to be associated with bevacizumab occurred in 13.0% of patients with BBP.ConclusionThis analysis supports the observation that bevacizumab exposure after PD1 is associated with longer PPS in mCRC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of psychological responses in parents of children that underwent stem cell transplantation
Authors: Riva Roberto , Forinder Ulla , Arvidson Johan , Mellgren Karin , Toporski Jacek , Winiarski Jacek , Norberg Annika Lindahl 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is curative in several life‐threatening pediatric diseases but may affect children and their families inducing depression, anxiety, burnout symptoms, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms, as well as post‐traumatic growth (PTG). The aim of this study was to investigate the co‐occurrence of different aspects of such responses in parents of children that had undergone HSCT.MethodsQuestionnaires were completed by 260 parents (146 mothers and 114 fathers) 11–198 months after HSCT: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Questionnaire, the post‐traumatic stress disorders checklist, civilian version, and the PTG inventory. Additional variables were also investigated: perceived support, time elapsed since HSCT, job stress, partner‐relationship satisfaction, trauma appraisal, and the child's health problems. A hierarchical cluster analysis and a k‐means cluster analysis were used to identify patterns of psychological responses.ResultsFour clusters of parents with different psychological responses were identified. One cluster (n = 40) significantly differed from the other groups and reported levels of depression, anxiety, burnout symptoms, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms above the cut‐off. In contrast, another cluster (n = 66) reported higher levels of PTG than the other groups did.ConclusionsThis study shows a subgroup of parents maintaining high levels of several aspects of distress years after HSCT. Differences between clusters might be explained by differences in perceived support, the child's health problems, job stress, and partner‐relationship satisfaction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiences of paradox: a qualitative analysis of living with cancer using a framework approach
Authors: Leal Isabel , Engebretson Joan , Cohen Lorenzo , Rodriguez Alma , Wangyal Tenzin , Lopez Gabriel , Chaoul Alejandro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesLife‐threatening diseases such as cancer represent unique traumas—compared with singular, time‐limited traumatic events—given their multidimensional, uncertain, and continuing nature. However, few studies have examined the impact of cancer on patients as a persistent stressor. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore patients' ongoing experiences of living with cancer and the changes encountered in this experience over time.MethodsWritten reflections to three open‐ended questions collected from 28 patients on their experience of cancer at two time points were analyzed to explore participants' experiences and perspectives over time. Content analysis using a framework approach was employed to code, categorize, and summarize data into a thematic framework.ResultsData analysis yielded the thematic framework—living with paradox, consisting of four interrelated themes: sources, experiences, resolution of paradox, and challenges with medical culture/treatment. The primary theme concerned moving through a dualistic and complex cancer experience of concurrently negative and positive emotional states across the course of cancer.ConclusionsRespondents indicated that cycling through this contradictory trajectory was neither linear, nor singular, nor conclusive in nature, but reiterative across time. Recognition that patients' cancer experience may be paradoxical and tumultuous throughout the cancer trajectory can influence how practitioners provide patients with needed support during diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. This also has implications for interventions, treatment, and care plans, and adequately responding to the diversity of patient's psychosocial, physical, existential, and spiritual experience of illness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure–activity relationship studies of the phytotoxic properties of the diterpenic moiety of breviones
Authors: Carrera Ceferino , Chinchilla Nuria , Fronczek Frank R , Galindo Juan CG , Macías Francisco A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBrevianes are a family of bioactive meroterpenoids originally described in fungi of the family Penicillium. These compounds have attracted a great deal of interest not only because of their unusual skeleton, suggesting a mixed mevalonate and polyketide biogenetic pathway, and their unusual oxa‐spiro ring fused to an α‐pyrone, but also because of the bioactivities shown by many members of this family.RESULTSDuring the course of a project aimed at the total synthesis of natural breviones A to E, the authors were able to synthesise the diterpenic moiety of brevianes and abeo‐brevianes. As a result, a collection of 25 compounds were synthesised and tested for bioactivity by two different bioassays. The bioassays used were etiolated wheat coleoptiles (Triticum aestivum) and seedlings in petri dishes. The plant species tested in the seedling bioassay were the commercial dicots lettuce and cress and the monocot weeds Echinochloa crus‐galli and Lolium rigidum.CONCLUSIONSThe results clearly show that expanded phenanthrene‐like compounds corresponding to the diterpenic moiety of abeo‐brevianes are more selective towards E. crus‐galli in comparison with L. rigidum. Such selectivity can reach up to one order of magnitude (200‐fold) and makes some of the compounds good candidates as leads for the development of more specific herbicides. [[ArtCopyrightmsg]]
Spin–orbit interaction in the magnetization of two‐dimensional electron systems
Authors: Wilde M. A. , Rupprecht B. , Herzog F. , Ibrahim A. , Grundler D. 
Published: May 2014

We review recent experimental and theoretical work on the quantum oscillations of the magnetization M, i.e., the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) effect, in two‐dimensional electron systems (2DESs) with spin–orbit interaction (SOI). We focus first on a theoretical modeling by numerically solving the Hamiltonian including the Rashba (R) and Dresselhaus (D) SOI and the Zeeman term in an arbitrarily tilted magnetic field B. We second present experimental data on the SOI‐modified quantum oscillations of in 2DESs formed in the InGaAs/InP and AlGaAs/GaAs material systems for different tilt angles between the 2DES normal and the direction of B. We find pronounced beating patterns in InGaAs/InP that are described quantitatively by assuming a dominant R‐SOI except for a distinct frequency anomaly in M present in nearly perpendicular B. In AlGaAs/GaAs, beating patterns occur at large tilt angles. Here, anomalies in the dHvA wave form occur. The findings demonstrate that the understanding of the ground state energy of a 2DES is incomplete when SOI is present. Finally, we predict that the amplitude and anisotropy of specific dHvA oscillations with respect to the in‐plane magnetic field component allow one to quantify the magnitude and relative signs of both R‐SOI and D‐SOI when simultaneously present.Calculated fan chart of Landau levels and oscillatory Fermi energy in a 2DES subject to SOI. The beating patterns in contain information on the SOI. They manifest itself in a variety of experimentally accessible observables. In this feature article, we focus on the magnetization M as a thermodynamic state variable. The inset sketches a micromechanical cantilever magnetometer used to measure M using the torque .
Behavioral measure of the light‐adapted visual sensitivity of white‐tailed deer
Authors: Cohen Bradley S. , Osborn David A. , Gallagher George R. , Warren Robert J. , Miller Karl V. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough many aspects of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) biology and physiology have been studied thoroughly, few studies have examined deer perception. We obtained a behavioral measure of light‐adapted visual sensitivity based on performance of 7 deer in forced‐choice discrimination tests. We compared intensity thresholds at the short and long wavelengths of their purported visual spectrum. Utilizing an automated training device, we trained deer to discriminate between lit and unlit light‐emitting diode (LED) lights expressing monochromatic wavelengths, and recorded performance across a series of decreasing intensities for each wavelength until deer could no longer discriminate the light stimulus. We regressed a best‐fit logistic function to each deer's performance as intensity decreased at a single wavelength, demarcated the sensitivity threshold to that wavelength, and compared deer's sensitivity threshold across wavelengths. Our behavior‐based sensitivity measurements agreed with previous estimates of white‐tailed deer's cone photoreceptor sensitivity. We confirm that these cone photoreceptors contribute to deer behavior, and that deer have a greater perceptual sensitivity to shorter wavelengths and lower sensitivity to longer wavelengths. Our findings also suggest the deer have some sensitivity to ultraviolet light. The visual perception of the white‐tailed deer is specialized for sensitivity during their crepuscular patterns, enables detection of predators along their horizon, and is well‐adapted for a prey species. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Applicability of Enhanced Recovery Program for Advanced Liver Surgery
Authors: Takamoto Takeshi , Hashimoto Takuya , Inoue Kazuto , Nagashima Daisuke , Maruyama Yoshikazu , Mitsuka Yusuke , Aramaki Osamu , Makuuchi Masatoshi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery programs (ERPs) have been developed in various surgical fields and have been shown to accelerate postoperative recovery without increasing the incidence of adverse events. Whether ERP can be safely applied to patients undergoing complex liver surgery with a risk of liver failure remains unclear.MethodsWe created an ERP by rearranging our conventional postoperative treatments and applied this program to patients undergoing major hepatectomy between 2008 and 2013. The ERP elements included greater perioperative education, individualized postoperative fluid therapy, and early mobilization. The success of the ERP was evaluated on postoperative day (POD) 6 based on the criterion of independence from continuous medical intervention with the exception of an abdominal drainage tube. Adherence to each item in the ERP was evaluated, and risk factors for delayed accomplishment were analyzed.ResultsAltogether, 200 patients were included, and 165 patients (82.5 %) completed the ERP. Multivariate analyses showed that (1) an age of 65 years or older and (2) a red blood cell transfusion were independent risk factors for delayed accomplishment. The performance of thoracotomy or choledocojejunostomy did not significantly affect accomplishment of the ERP. Oral intake starting on POD 1 was achieved in 179 patients (89.5 %), and termination of intravenous drip infusions on POD 5 was feasible in 72.5 %.ConclusionsAn ERP for major hepatectomy was completed in more than 80 % of the patients. Earlier bowel movement can be challenged. The liquid in–out balance should be adjusted on an individual basis, rather than uniformly, especially for patients over 65 years of age or who required a red blood cell transfusion.