bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiband power amplifier with a tunable transmission line for mobile LTE applications
Authors: Lee G. , Jung J. , Song J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA power amplifier (PA) for multiband applications implemented with a tunable load modulation technique is presented. The broadband output matching can be done by load modulation implemented by modification of the characteristic impedance (ZC) of the tunable transmission line. The multiband PA delivered a gain of more than 10.5 dB, an adjacent‐channel‐leakage ratio of evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access adjacent channel leakage ratio (E‐UTRA) lower than −30 dBc, and a power added efficiency of 28–31% at the output power of 26‐dBm and the frequency range of 1.5–2.05 GHz with a 10‐MHz 16QAM long‐term evolution signal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1175–1178, 2014
Radar cross‐section reduction design for a microstrip antenna
Authors: Shang Yuping , Xiao Shaoqiu , Wang Bing‐Zhong 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA microstrip antenna with reduced monostatic radar cross section (RCS) is presented. The RCS reduction is realized by replacing the solid ground plane of the reference antenna with a complex ground plane composed of bandstop frequency selective surface unit cells. In the mean time, the radiation performances are properly maintained. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1200–1204, 2014
A compact printed triangular monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Manohar Murli , Kshetrimayum Rakhesh S. , Gogoi Anup K. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a printed triangular‐shaped monopole antenna is proposed for emerging ultrawideband application. The proposed antenna uses a triangular radiating patch which is directly fed by a 50‐Ω microstrip feed line. To improve the impedance bandwidth, a round‐corner ground plane has been used. To further improve the impedance bandwidth for the entire band, a microstrip transition (near the antenna front end) has been introduced between the microstrip feed line and the triangular radiator that provides a wide impedance bandwidth from 1.8 to 15.0 GHz for
≤ −10 dB. The proposed antenna has been realized using the FR‐4 printed circuit board substrate and occupies a small size of about 24 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 compared to conventional antenna structures. The proposed antenna has nearly omni‐directional radiation pattern and moderate gain throughout the operating frequency region. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1155–1159, 2014
Food inspection system using terahertz imaging
Authors: Lee Won‐Hui , Lee Wangjoo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA terahertz (THz) transmission imaging system using a 0.2 and 0.4 THz gyrotron as a high power source was evaluated. In the gyrotron, 0.2 THz is the first main mode and 0.4 THz is the second harmonic mode. The output power of gyrotron is about 100 W at 0.2 THz and 1 W at 0.4 THz. For fast imaging, the source output was shaped into a line beam and an array detector was used. Two reflecting mirrors were utilized for a reflective imaging system. A 0.8 mm resolution was obtained using a 0.4 THz transmission image. The feasibility of fast THz imaging for the inspection of foreign substances in food is demonstrated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1211–1214, 2014
A novel offset‐fed inverted‐L antenna for 2.4/5‐GHz dual‐band operation
Authors: Li Ching‐Lieh , Chang Hsi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel offset‐fed technique to achieve impedance matching for a planar inverted‐L antenna (ILA). The offset‐fed ILA exhibits dual band characteristic (fre. ratio ∼ 3:1) similar as the straight monopole antenna. For dual‐band operation with frequency ratio other than (3:1) a parasitic rectangular strip is introduced for the offset‐fed ILA antenna. Dual‐band ILA antennas operate both at 2.4 and 5 GHz (5.2 or 5.8 GHz) bands are successfully designed. The simulated and measured results are very consistent. Moreover, the designated two bands can be adjusted independently by simply varying the corresponding lengths. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1244–1248, 2014
Steady‐state functional MRI using spoiled small‐tip fast recovery imaging
Authors: Sun Hao , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Noll Douglas C. , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo determine whether a recently proposed steady‐state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, “small‐tip fast recovery” (STFR), can be used for functional brain imaging. Compared to existing functional MRI (fMRI) based on
‐contrast and long echo time, STFR has the potential for high‐resolution imaging with reduced B0 artifacts such as geometric distortions, blurring, or local signal dropout.MethodsWe used Monte Carlo Bloch simulations to calculate the voxel‐averaged steady‐state signal during rest and activation, for blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) and STFR. STFR relies on a tailored “tip‐up” radiofrequency pulse to align the spins with the longitudinal axis after each data readout segment, and here we performed proof‐of‐concept in vivo STFR fMRI experiments using a tip‐up pulse tailored to a two‐dimensional region‐of‐interest in motor cortex. Experiments were performed on multiple subjects to test reliability of the functional activation maps.ResultsBloch simulations predict a detectable functional signal that depends mainly on intravoxel dephasing, and only weakly on spin diffusion. STFR produces similar activation maps and signal change as BOLD in finger‐tapping experiments, and shows reliability comparable to BOLD.ConclusionSTFR can produce functional contrast (even with short TE), and is a potential alternative to long‐TE (
) fMRI. The functional contrast arises primarily from the interaction between
‐like dephasing and the tailored tip‐up pulse, and not from spin diffusion. Magn Reson Med 73:536–543, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrakurzpulslaser — „Bohrmaschinen”︁ für die Fertigung
Authors: Paff Katja 
Published: March 2014

AbstractJens König von Bosch, Stefan Nolte von der FSU Jena und dem Fraunhofer IOF und Dirk Sutter von Trumpf erhielten gemeinsam für das Projekt „Ultrakurzpulslaser für die industrielle Massenfertigung — produzieren mit Lichtblitzen”︁ den Deutschen Zukunftspreis.
Prophylactic Use of Pegfilgrastim in Patients Treated with a Nitrosourea and Teniposide for Recurrent Glioma
Authors: Thiepold Anna‐Luisa , Lemercier Sophie , Franz Kea , Atta Johannes , Sulzbacher Annette , Steinbach Joachim P. , Rieger Johannes 
Published: March 2014

Study ObjectiveAs chemotherapy with teniposide and a nitrosourea is commonly used for the treatment of patients with recurrent glioma but can be associated with severe myelotoxicity, we sought to determine if prophylactic administration of pegfilgrastim could reduce leukopenia or infectious complications in patients receiving this chemotherapeutic regimen.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingUniversity‐affiliated neurooncology hospital in Frankfurt, Germany.PatientsSixty‐four patients who received at least one cycle of a nitrosourea agent (nimustine or lomustine) and teniposide for recurrent glioma between 2008 and 2012; of these patients, 28 did not receive prophylactic pegfilgrastim (cohort A), and 36 patients received prophylactic pegfilgrastim (cohort B).Measurements and Main ResultsBlood counts, hospitalizations due to infection or myelosuppression, use of intravenous antibiotics, and survival parameters were analyzed. Leukopenia was more frequently observed before day 30 (early nadir) versus from 30 days until the next cycle (late nadir). In cohort B, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 leukopenia in the early nadir occurred less often compared with cohort A (9% in cohort B vs 31% in cohort A). However, the frequency of grade 4 leukopenia, number of days in the hospital due to infection or myelosuppression, days on intravenous antibiotics, progression‐free survival, and overall survival were similar between the cohorts.ConclusionModerate, but not severe, leukopenia or related complications could be prevented by prophylactic pegfilgrastim in patients treated with a nitrosourea and teniposide for recurrent glioma. Our results, therefore, do not support routine prophylactic use of pegfilgrastim in these patients.
Uniform infinite planar quadrangulations with a boundary
Authors: Curien Nicolas , Miermont Grégory 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe introduce and study the uniform infinite planar quadrangulation (UIPQ) with a boundary via an extension of the construction of Curien et al. (Curien et al., Lat Am J Probab Math Stat 49 (2013) 340–373). We then relate this object to its simple boundary analog using a pruning procedure. This enables us to study the aperture of these maps, that is, the maximal graph distance between two points on the boundary, which in turn sheds new light on the geometry of the UIPQ. In particular we prove that the self‐avoiding walk on the UIPQ is at most diffusive. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 47, 30–58, 2015
Comparative assessment of in vitro and in vivo toxicity of azinphos methyl and its commercial formulation
Authors: Güngördü Abbas , Uçkun Miraç 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe toxic effects of Gusathion (GUS), which is a commercial organophosphate (OP) pesticide, and also its active ingredient, azinphos methyl (AzM), are evaluated comparatively with in vitro and in vivo studies. Initially, the 96‐h LC50 values of AzM and GUS were estimated for two different life stages of Xenopus laevis, embryos, and tadpoles. The actual AzM concentrations in exposure media were monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Also, the sub‐lethal effects of these compounds to tadpoles were determined 24 h later at exposure concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/L using selected biomarker enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CaE), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotrasferase. Differences in AChE inhibition capacities of AzM and GUS were evaluated under in vitro conditions between frogs and fish in the second part of this study. The AChE activities in a pure electrical eel AChE solution and in brain homogenates of adult Cyprinus carpio, Pelophylax ridibundus, and X. laevis were assayed after in vitro exposure to 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/L concentrations of AzM and GUS. According to in vivo studies AChE, CaE and GST are important biomarkers of the effect of OP exposure while CaE may be more effective in short‐term, low‐concentration exposures. The results of in vitro studies showed that amphibian brain AChEs were relatively more resistant to OP exposure than fish AChEs. The resistance may be the cause of the lower toxicity/lethality of OP compounds to amphibians than to fish. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1091–1101, 2015.
Trapping efficiency and associated mortality of incidentally captured small mammals during herpetofaunal surveys of temporary wetlands
Authors: Edwards Katherine E. , Jones Jeanne C. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPitfall‐trapping used in conjunction with drift‐fence arrays is a common and effective means for detecting herpetofauna and small terrestrial mammals. A concern when using less‐selective trapping methods is the impact of capture on target and non‐target species. We compared capture and mortality rates of non‐target species during a herpetofaunal study of temporary wetlands on forested lands in Mississippi, USA, March 2004–March 2006. We compared rates from pitfall traps, double‐ended funnel traps, and pitfall traps combined with anti‐predator wire exclusions along drift‐fence arrays in 4 isolated upland and 6 floodplain ephemeral pools. We monitored traps daily for 23 5–10‐day trap periods over a 2‐year period. We captured 10 small mammal species (216 captures) on upland sites and 8 species (256 captures) on floodplain sites. Southern short‐tailed shrews (Blarina carolinensis) and mice (Peromyscus spp.) accounted for 94% of total captures. Southern short‐tailed shrews and mice suffered 76% and 52% mortality. Capture and mortality rates for small mammals were similar in un‐excluded pitfall traps and excluded pitfall traps. Because of potential impact of pitfall‐trapping on small mammals, we recommend researchers either alter trapping methods to address mortality in non‐target species or work cooperatively using an integrated survey approach for both herpetofauna and small mammals. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Lentiviral vectors for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Farinelli Giada , Capo Valentina , Scaramuzza Samantha , Aiuti Alessandro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the last years important progress has been made in the treatment of several primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) with gene therapy. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy indeed represents a valid alternative to conventional transplantation when a compatible donor is not available and recent success confirmed the great potential of this approach. First clinical trials performed with gamma retroviral vectors were promising and guaranteed clinical benefits to the patients. On the other hand, the outcome of severe adverse events as the development of hematological abnormalities highlighted the necessity to develop a safer platform to deliver the therapeutic gene. Self‐inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors (LVVs) were studied to overcome this hurdle through their preferable integration pattern into the host genome. In this review, we describe the recent advancements achieved both in vitro and at preclinical level with LVVs for the treatment of Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (WAS), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), ADA deficiency (ADA‐SCID), Artemis deficiency, RAG1/2 deficiency, X‐linked severe combined immunodeficiency (γchain deficiency, SCIDX1), X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) and immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked (IPEX) syndrome.
Effects of prenatal chronic mild stress exposure on hippocampal cell proliferation, expression of GSK‐3α, β and NR2B in adult offspring during fear extinction in rats
Authors: Li Min , Li Xiaobai , Zhang Xinxin , Ren Jintao , Jiang Han , Wang Yan , Ma Yuchao , Cheng Wenwen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractStress during pregnancy has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of many mental disorders; however, the influence of prenatal stress on the fear or anxiety‐related behaviors, especially the fear extinction in adult offspring has been little investigated. In order to investigate how prenatal stress affects fear extinction, which is regarded as a form of new learning that counteracts the expression of Pavlovian's conditioned fear, a rat model of prenatal chronic mild stress (PNS) was used to evaluate the effects of PNS on fear extinction in adult offspring. The expression of hippocampal glycogen synthase kinase‐3s (GSK‐3α, β), N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs)‐2B and the hippocampal cell proliferation in dentate gyrus in the adult offspring during fear extinction were studied. Our results showed that PNS significantly reduced body weight of pups, indicating PNS might induce growth retardation in offspring. Moreover, PNS significantly enhanced the freezing behavior of offspring at the phase of extinction, suggesting PNS impaired the abilities of fear extinction learning. In addition, PNS significantly increased the levels of GSK‐3α, β and NR2B, but reduced hippocampal cell proliferation during fear extinction. Taken together, our findings suggest that maternal stress during pregnancy can impair the fear extinction of adult offspring, probably by affecting the neural plasticity of brain.
VALUATION OF MORTGAGE INSURANCE CONTRACTS WITH COUNTERPARTY DEFAULT RISK: REDUCED-FORM APPROACH
Authors: Chang Chia-Chien 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the recent subprime mortgage crisis, which has caused banks and insurance companies to go bankrupt or into acquisition, the lender and insurer have exhibited not only correlated defaults when exposed to common risk factors but also counterparty default risk, which is triggered by mortgage defaults. Given the correlated defaults and the counterparty default risk, we use the reduced-form approach to derive the closed-form formulas of mortgage insurance contracts with premium refunds, annual premiums and upfront premiums. Regardless of the nature of the premium structures, the numerical analysis with parameter calibration demonstrates that both the correlated defaults and the counterparty default risk significantly impact mortgage insurance premiums, particularly in long-term mortgage loans.
Vorticity generation due to cross-sea
Authors: Postacchini M. , Brocchini M. , Soldini L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSimilarly to shore-parallel waves interacting with submerged obstacles, two wave trains, approaching the shore with different angles, generate breakers of finite cross-flow length and an intense vorticity at their edges. The dynamics of crossing wave trains in shallow waters is studied by means of a simple theoretical approach that is used to inspect the flow characteristics at breaking. The post-breaking dynamics, with specific focus on the vorticity generation and evolution processes, is described on the basis of the analytical results of Brocchini et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 507, 2004, pp. 289–307). Ad hoc numerical simulations, performed by means of a nonlinear shallow-water equations (NSWE) solver, are used to support the analytical findings and detail the post-breaking flow evolution. Comparisons between numerical and analytical findings confirm that: (i) the cross-sea theory successfully predicts the breaking position when a finite-length breaker stems from two crossing wave trains and (ii) the dynamics induced by such a breaking (i.e. vorticity generation, mutual-advection and self-advection mechanisms) is similar to that occurring after the breaking event of a shore-parallel wave over a submerged obstacle: vortices generated at the breaker edges are first subjected to wave forcing and self-advection, these pushing the vortices shoreward; then, oppositely-signed vortices pair and the mutual interaction enables them to invert the motion and move seaward. Useful relationships have been found to describe the main features of such a dynamics (i.e. breaker length, vortex trajectories, etc.).
Constraining a Possible Variation of G with Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Mould Jeremy , Uddin Syed A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAstrophysical cosmology constrains the variation of Newton’s Constant in a manner complementary to laboratory experiments, such as the celebrated lunar laser ranging campaign. Supernova cosmology is an example of the former and has attained campaign status, following planning by a Dark Energy Task Force in 2005. In this paper, we employ the full SNIa data set to the end of 2013 to set a limit on G variation. In our approach, we adopt the standard candle delineation of the redshift distance relation. We set an upper limit on its rate of change $|\dot{G}/G|$ of 0.1 parts per billion per year over 9 Gyrs. By contrast, lunar laser ranging tests variation of G over the last few decades. Conversely, one may adopt the laboratory result as a prior and constrain the effect of variable G in dark energy equation of state experiments to δw < 0.02. We also examine the parameterisation G ~ 1 + z. Its short expansion age conflicts with the measured values of the expansion rate and the density in a flat Universe. In conclusion, supernova cosmology complements other experiments in limiting G variation. An important caveat is that it rests on the assumption that the same mass of 56Ni is burned to create the standard candle regardless of redshift. These two quantities, f and G, where f is the Chandrasekhar mass fraction burned, are degenerate. Constraining f variation alone requires more understanding of the SNIa mechanism.
Quality of life assessment in patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis treated with montelukast and/or intranasal steroids: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Goh B-S , Ismail M I M , Husain S 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjective:This study investigated improvements in quality of life associated with eight weeks of montelukast and/or intranasal steroid treatment for moderate to severe allergic rhinitis.Methods:A single-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out. Assessments were made using the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and symptom scales.Results:A total of 128 patients (aged 13–51 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the montelukast group, patients were treated with montelukast tablets and fluticasone propionate nasal spray (n = 64). In the placebo group, treatment comprised a placebo and fluticasone propionate. The results showed significant improvements in symptom scores and quality of life scores for both groups after one month and two months of treatment, compared with baseline values; these improvements were significantly greater for the montelukast group compared with the placebo group. The mean number of loratadine tablets taken by each patient during the study period was only 0.73 for the montelukast group compared with 9 for the placebo group.Conclusion:The combination of montelukast tablets and fluticasone propionate nasal spray improved symptom control and overall quality of life for moderate to severe allergic rhinitis patients.
Crystal chemistry of birefringent spessartine
Authors: Antao Sytle M. , Round Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2014

The crystal structure of one isotropic [(1) Brazil] and three birefringent spessartine samples [(2) California, (3) Tanzania, and (4) Colorado] were refined using the Rietveld method, cubic space group$Ia\overline 3 d$, and monochromatic synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data. The results of electron-microprobe analysis (EMPA) indicate homogeneous compositions, in terms of end-members, as follows: (1) Sps54Alm43, (2) Sps90Alm8, (3) Sps64Prp27Grs3, and (4) Sps73Alm19. Their crystal structures were modeled well as indicated by the Rietveld refinement statistics where the reducedχ2and overallR(F2) values for each sample are: (1) 1.395 and 0.0329, (2) 1.082 and 0.0354, (3) 1.025 and 0.0347, and (4) 1.016 and 0.0413. Two cubic phases occur in samples 2–4, and a single cubic phase occurs in sample-1. The dominant cubic phase-1 with locality, weight fraction (%), unit-cell parameter (Å), distances (Å), and site occupancy factors (sofs) are as follows: (1) Brazil: 100%,a = 11.581 54 (1), average <Mn–O> = 2.3156, Al–O = 1.8949 (3), Si–O = 1.6376 (3) Å, Mn(sof) = 0.961(1), Al(sof) = 0.945(1), and Si(sof) = 0.936(1); (2) California: 96.67(7)%,a = 11.613 32(1), average <Mn–O> = 2.3249, Al–O = 1.8956 (4), Si–O = 1.6416 (4) Å, Mn(sof) = 0.951(1), Al(sof) = 0.946(1), and Si(sof) = 0.927(1); (3) Tanzania: 69.46(6)%,a = 11.598 45(1), average <Mn–O> = 2.3199, Al–O = 1.8964 (5), Si–O = 1.6398 (5) Å, Mn(sof) = 0.808(1), Al(sof) = 0.942(1), and Si(sof) = 0.922(1); and (4) Colorado: 98.58(6)%,a = 11.606 89(1), average <Mn–O> = 2.3204, Al-O = 1.8948 (6), Si–O = 1.6450 (6) Å, Mn(sof) = 0.949(1), Al(sof) = 0.967(2), and Si(sof) = 0.913(2). The two-phase intergrowth causes strain that arises from mismatch of the structural parameters and gives rise to strain-induced birefringence.