bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proprioceptive engagement of the human cerebellum studied with 7T-fMRI
Authors: Brouwer Emma J.P. , Priovoulos Nikos , Hashimoto Julie , van der Zwaag Wietske 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Proprioception, the process of perceiving our bodies in space, is a key aspect of self-perception. The cerebellar cortex is believed to play a critical role in proprioception. However, our understanding of the functional involvement of the cerebellum in proprioception remains limited due to the intricate, thin, and highly folded structure of the human cerebellar cortex, which is more challenging to resolve using in-vivo MRI compared to the cerebral cortex. In this study, we employed high-resolution, B1-shimmed, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 7T to investigate proprioceptive involvement of the cerebellum in humans. We used two tasks designed to differentially require proprioceptive information processing: midline-contralateral-finger-touch and simultaneous-unilateral-finger-flexing. We assessed responses to these tasks across three gradient directions inspired by the mesoscale cerebellar functional organisation, akin to laminar and columnar fMRI approaches in the cerebral cortex. Movements requiring higher proprioceptive engagement, in the midline-contralateral-finger-touch task, elicited stronger activations in both anterior and posterior lobe motor areas of the cerebellum (lobules V and VIIIa/b). We identified distinct activation patterns for the two tasks within these cerebellar motor regions, which may reflect differing functional roles of these motor areas. Midline-contralateral-finger-touch responses were found more medial than simultaneous-unilateral-finger-flexing responses in lobule V and deeper into the cerebellar fissures in lobule VIII. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cerebellar functional organisation, the cerebellar involvement in proprioception and may offer insights into addressing proprioceptive deficits associated with neurological conditions.
Evaluating the effect of denoising submillimeter auditory fMRI data with NORDIC
Authors: Faes Lonike K. , Lage-Castellanos Agustin , Valente Giancarlo , Yu Zidan , Cloos Martijn A. , Vizioli Luca , Moeller Steen , Yacoub Essa , De Martino Federico 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has emerged as an essential tool for exploring human brain function. Submillimeter fMRI, in particular, has emerged as a tool to study mesoscopic computations. The inherently low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at submillimeter resolutions warrants the use of denoising approaches tailored at reducing thermal noise—the dominant contributing noise component in high-resolution fMRI. NOise Reduction with DIstribution Corrected Principal Component Analysis (NORDIC PCA) is one of such approaches, and has been benchmarked against other approaches in several applications. Here, we investigate the effects that two versions of NORDIC denoising have on auditory submillimeter data. While investigating auditory functional responses poses unique challenges, we anticipated NORDIC to have a positive impact on the data on the basis of previous applications. Our results show that NORDIC denoising improves the detection sensitivity and the reliability of estimates in submillimeter auditory fMRI data. These effects can be explained by the reduction of the noise-induced signal variability. However, we did observe a reduction in the average response amplitude (percent signal change) within regions of interest, which may suggest that a portion of the signal of interest, which could not be distinguished from general i.i.d. noise, was also removed. We conclude that, while evaluating the effects of the signal reduction induced by NORDIC may be necessary for each application, using NORDIC in high-resolution auditory fMRI studies may be advantageous because of the large reduction in variability of the estimated responses.
Thermal Imprints of Mesoscale Eddies in the Global Ocean
Authors: He Qingyou , Mo Danhong , Zhan Weikang , Cai Shuqun , Tang Shilin , Zha Guozhen , Zhan Haigang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mesoscale eddies have been widely documented for their significant role in regulating oceanic heat absorption and redistribution. However, our understanding of their thermal impacts on a global scale has been hampered by the scarcity of eddy-targeted observations. Here, we perform a comprehensive global analysis of over 2 million historical hydrographic profile measurements collocated with satellite-based eddy observations between 1993 and 2019, revealing rich geographical variability in the intensity, vertical extent, and asymmetry of the temperature anomalies induced by eddies. In tropical and subtropical oceans, temperature anomalies within eddies are dominated by eddy pumping and heavily influenced by near-surface vertical stratification, resulting in a relatively shallow extent of eddy effects (around 500 m) with subsurface maximum temperature anomalies occurring near 100 m. In midlatitude main current systems with sharp horizontal temperature gradients, the impact of eddy trapping becomes evident, leading to temperature anomalies extending to depths of 1000 m, with vertical peak values exceeding 4°C between 300 and 700 m, equivalent to perturbations in the local mean-state temperature of nearly 30%. This process also results in substantial temperature anomalies on isopycnal surfaces, indicating notable cross-frontal transport of heat and water mass with varying properties. The estimated meridional heat transport by eddy movement is on the order of O(1) MW, generally one order of magnitude smaller than previous estimates of the time-varying meridional heat transport (). However, this does not imply that they are unimportant, as this long-range cross-frontal heat transport may have significant consequences on regional temperature extremes and biogeochemical environments.

Significance Statement
Mesoscale eddies with a horizontal scale of O(100) km play a crucial role in modulating oceanic heat absorption and redistribution. However, their activities vary significantly across the global ocean, and our understanding of their thermal impacts remains incomplete. In this study, we conduct a global analysis of the influence of eddies on ocean temperature using over 2 million historical in situ temperature and salinity profile measurements combined with satellite-based eddy observations. Our analysis reveals substantial regional variability in the intensity, vertical extent, and asymmetry of temperature anomalies within eddies of different polarities and discusses the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we estimate the meridional heat transport caused by eddy movement within each 2° × 2° grid, providing insights into the efficient pathways for eddy heat transport in western boundary currents and their extensions. These results enhance our understanding of the global-scale thermal impact of eddies and provide valuable references for assessing their biogeochemical and ecological consequences.
Modulation of Tropical Cyclogenesis by Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves
Authors: Rios-Berrios Rosimar , Tang Brian H. , Davis Christopher A. , Martinez Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tropical cyclone numbers can vary from week to week within a hurricane season. Recent studies suggest that convectively coupled Kelvin waves can be partly responsible for such variability. However, the precise physical mechanisms responsible for that modulation remain uncertain partly due to the inability of previous studies to isolate the effects of Kelvin waves from other factors. This study uses an idealized modeling framework—called an aquaplanet—to uniquely isolate the effects of Kelvin waves on tropical cyclogenesis. The framework also captures the convective-scale dynamics of both tropical cyclones and Kelvin waves. Our results confirm an uptick in tropical cyclogenesis after the passage of a Kelvin wave—twice as many tropical cyclones form 2 days after a Kelvin wave peak than at any other time lag from the peak. A detailed composite analysis shows anomalously weak ventilation during and after (or to the west of) the Kelvin wave peak. The weak ventilation stems primarily from anomalously moist conditions, with weaker vertical wind shear playing a secondary role. In contrast to previous studies, our results demonstrate that Kelvin waves modulate both kinematic and thermodynamic synoptic-scale conditions that are necessary for tropical cyclone formation. These results suggest that numerical models must capture the three-dimensional structure of Kelvin waves to produce accurate subseasonal predictions of tropical cyclone activity.

Significance Statement
Anticipating active tropical cyclone periods several weeks in advance could help mitigate the loss of lives and property due to these phenomena. Recent studies suggest that a type of tropical cloud cluster—known as convectively coupled Kelvin waves—can promote tropical cyclone formation. Kelvin waves travel around the world and can be detected days to weeks in advance. We use a simplified numerical model to isolate the effects of Kelvin waves on tropical cyclone formation. Our unique approach confirms that tropical cyclones are more likely to form 2 days after a Kelvin wave than before the wave. We also demonstrate that—contrary to previous perception—the enhancement of tropical cyclogenesis is due to both more moisture and weaker wind currents following the waves.
Factors Affecting Work–Life Balance of Healthcare Workers During COVID-19: Multi-group Analysis of Private–Public Hospitals Using the Moderation–Mediation Model
Authors: Kaur Paramjeet , Arora Gurminder Kaur , Aggarwal Ankita 
Published: August 2024

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) is important as it directly affects the quality of healthcare services and a nation’s ability to navigate through crises. This study, analysing data collected from 799 healthcare professionals through structural equation modelling and multi-group analysis, identifies five key factors influencing HCWs’ work–life balance (WLB), namely, psychological stress, socio-economic impact, interpersonal relationships, government intervention and fear of exposure to Covid. Key findings reveal that HCWs in private hospitals experience lower stress levels and better WLB. Female and medically trained HCWs report higher stress levels. Those who contracted Covid faced elevated stress and strained interpersonal relations. Negative impacts on WLB are observed for fear of Covid, socio-economic impact, government intervention and psychological stress, with positive influence from interpersonal relationships. Recommendations include fostering positive relationships, stabilising employment, providing socio-economic support in public hospitals, implementing stress-coping training programmes in collaboration with governments, and offering insights for enhancing HCWs’ well-being during healthcare crises. JEL Codes: I12, I18, J28, J81
Chemsex and Beyond: A Study of Factors Associated with Substance Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Southern Vietnam to Develop Informed HIV and STI Prevention and Intervention Programs
Authors: Vi Vu Thi Tuong , Van Tam Vo , Hong Le Huynh Thi Cam , Ngoc Nguyen Viet , Diep Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Trang Nguyen Nhu , Mulvey Kevin P. , Dung Do Van , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh 
Published: August 2024

Background: Amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use is a major public health concern among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in communities worldwide and in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 adult MSM and TGW from 9 community-based organizations in southern Vietnam from March to August 2019. Data on demographics, sexual behaviors, STIs, HIV infection, and substance use were collected with a self-administered questionnaire including the ASSIST tool. Blood and urine samples were collected for HIV and ATS testing. Results: The prevalence of lifetime ATS use in the previous three months was 50.5% and 49.4%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that ATS use was significantly associated with sex with a transactional partner (aOR [29] = 3.06, 95% CI = 2.13–4.39) who engaged in sex and got paid for it (aOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.64–4.73), and purchasing sex (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.06–5.16). The role in sex with a partner with significant association was ‘insertive and receptive equally vs. insertive only’ (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.14–2.76). Conclusion: ATS use is associated with many sexual behaviors that could be associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission among MSM and TGW populations.
Solution-focused Brief Psychological Intervention in Alteration of Compulsive Buying Behavior in an Individual with Compulsive Buying Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Shanbhag Trusha , Ghosh Debaleena , Lenka Priyanka 
Published: August 2024

Background: Compulsive buying (CB) presents itself with uncontrollable or excessive urges and preoccupations with behaviors related to spending money that have detrimental consequences. Compulsive buying disorder (CBD) can result in remorse and regret over purchases, guilt, shame, issues with finances, and interpersonal difficulties. Despite the growing understanding of the phenomenology of CBD, only some evidence-based therapies have been developed that cater to the concerns within a limited time frame. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy for CBD. Methods: This study explored compulsive buying behavior (CBB) and evaluated the clinical effectiveness of a single case intervention study of a 21-year-old male with a CBD. The patient was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Compulsive Buying (Y-BOCS). The data were collected at baseline, treatment termination, and follow-up. The intervention was initiated in October 2022 and continued for two weeks. The intervention was conducted in three phases: psychoeducation, goal setting, solution-building, and relapse prevention. Results: The data analysis showed a decrease in scores on CB between baseline (24), treatment termination (8), and one-year follow-up (4), indicating a significant reduction in the symptoms. Conclusion: The study results suggested the clinical relevance of solution-focused brief therapy for the treatment of CB in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Future studies are needed to develop therapy guidelines for solution-focused brief therapy as a medium of intervention for treating OCD. It is important to establish the effectiveness of a larger sample or case series on a clinically adequate sample size.
Comparative analysis of oxygenator dysfunction in polymethylpentene oxygenators: A pilot study
Authors: Modi Shan P. , D’Aloiso Brandon , Palmer Amber , Smith Stephanie , Arlia Peter , Anselmi Michael , Sanchez Pablo , Ramanan Raj 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Polymethylpentene (PMP) oxygenators serve as the primary oxygenator type utilized for ECMO. With the number of PMP oxygenators available, it has become increasingly important to determine differences among each oxygenator type that can lead to varying metrics of oxygenator dysfunction. Methods This study was a retrospective, single-center analysis of adult patients supported on ECMO between December 2020 to December 2021 with varying PMP oxygenators including the Medtronic Nautilus Smart (Minneapolis, MA), the Eurosets AMG PMP (Medolla, Italy) and Getinge Quadrox-iD and the Getinge Cardiohelp HLS Module Advanced System (Gothenberg, Sweden). Results A total of 19 patients were included in our study. 10 patients (52.6%) were supported with a Medtronic Nautilus Smart oxygenator, 5 patients (26.3%) were supported with an Eurosets AMG PMP Oxygenator, and 4 patients (21.1%) were supported with either a Getinge Quadrox-iD oxygenator or Getinge Cardiohelp HLS system. Patients supported with Eurosets AMG PMP oxygenators experienced higher resistance and lower post-oxygenator PaO2 in comparison to other cohorts ( p < .02 and < .002 respectively). There was no difference in measured oxygen transfer between cohorts ( p = .667). Two patients, both supported by Eurosets AMG PMP, experienced oxygenator failure ( p = .094). Conclusion Radial flow oxygenators are prone to higher resistance and lower post-oxygenator PaO2when compared to transverse flow oxygenators. Future larger multicenter studies are required to fully discern the differences between flow-varying polymethylpentene oxygenators and their appropriate cutoffs for oxygenator dysfunction.
Relationship between indexed surgery and postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support outcomes
Authors: Hohri Yu , Zhao Yanling , Takayama Hiroo , Vinogradsky Alice V , Kurlansky Paul , Fried Justin , Takeda Koji 
Published: August 2024

Objectives Veno-arterial extracorporeal life support (V-A ECLS) is increasingly being utilized for postcardiotomy shock (PCS), though data describing the relationship between type of indexed operation and outcomes are limited. This study compared V-A ECLS outcomes across four major cardiovascular surgical procedures. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study of patients who required V-A ECLS for PCS between 2015 and 2022. Patients were stratified by the type of indexed operation, which included aortic surgery (AoS), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve surgery (Valve), and combined CABG and valve surgery (CABG + Valve). Factors associated with postoperative outcomes were assessed using logistic regression. Results Among 149 PCS patients who received V-A ECLS, there were 35 AoS patients (23.5%), 29 (19.5%) CABG patients, 59 (39.6%) Valve patients, and 26 (17.4%) CABG + Valve patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass times were longest in the AoS group ( p < 0.01). Regarding causes of PCS, AoS patients had a greater incidence of ventricular failure, while the CABG group had a higher incidence of ventricular arrhythmia ( p = 0.04). Left ventricular venting was most frequently utilized in the Valve group ( p = 0.07). In-hospital mortality was worst among CABG + Valve patients ( p < 0.01), and the incidence of acute kidney injury was highest in the AoS group ( p = 0.03). In multivariable logistic regression, CABG + Valve surgery (odds ratio (OR) 4.20, 95% confidence interval 1.30–13.6, p = 0.02) and lactate level at ECLS initiation (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.29; p < 0.01) were independently associated with mortality. Conclusions We demonstrate that indications, management, and outcomes of V-A ECLS for PCS vary by type of indexed cardiovascular surgery.
Hypomethylated leptin receptor reduces cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Xuelou , Wang Zhen , Liu Sha , Feng Yu , Zhang Tingbao , Wu Zhongxiang , Huang Junjie , Zhao Wenyuan 
Published: August 2024

Objective To investigate the cerebroprotective effects of leptin in vitro and in vivo via the Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/transcription factor signal transducer and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway and leptin receptors (LEPR). Methods The study used the cellular oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in PC12 cells and the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) to assess changes in gene expression and protein levels following leptin pretreatment. The methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) assay measured DNA methylation levels. Results The optimal leptin concentration for exerting neuroprotective effects against ischaemia–reperfusion injury in PC12 cells was 200 ng/ml in vitro, but excessive leptin diminished this effect. Leptin pretreatment in the MCAO rat model demonstrated a similar effect to previously reported leptin administration post-CIRI. In addition to regulating the expression of inflammation-related cytokines, Western blot analysis showed that leptin pretreatment upregulated BCL-2 and downregulated caspase 3 levels. The MeDIP analysis demonstrated that DNA methylation regulated LEPR gene expression in the MCAO rat model when leptin pretreatment was used. Conclusion Exogenous leptin might bind to extra-activated LEPR by reducing the methylation level of the LEPR gene promoter region, which leads to an increase in phosphorylated JAK2/STAT3 and apoptotic signalling pathways.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome predictors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a referral neurology hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md. , Been Sayeed S K Jakaria , Das Subir Chandra , Mostafa Md. Golam , Rashid Md. Bazlur , Mahmud Reaz , Akhter Muntrasina , Mehzabin Refat , Hossain Sk. Md. Rubaed , Rahman Md. Mujibur 
Published: August 2024

Objective We aimed to describe clinical and laboratory characteristics and determine the predictors of outcome in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Methods This prospective study was conducted over 2 years among hospitalized patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Patient outcome was assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months. Outcome predictors were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results Eighty-one patients were included in this study. The median mRS outcome at 3 months was 1 (interquartile range 1–3). Poor outcomes were observed in 27.2% of patients, and the mortality rate was 9.8%. Factors associated with poor outcomes were age >60 years (relative risk [RR] 5.1), hemiparesis (RR 5.4), altered level of consciousness (RR 7.1), and transverse sinus involvement (RR 1.1). In general, mRS scores were not associated with D-dimer levels (RR 2.4). However, older patients with elevated D-dimer levels showed a significant association with poor outcomes (1.6) according to mRS scores. Conclusion Older age, hemiparesis, and altered consciousness levels were independent predictors of poor outcomes in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. High D-dimer level showed no association with functional disability, except in older patients.
Fatigue by the Chalder Questionnaire and post-hemodialysis recovery in a population of predominantly African descent: The PROHEMO
Authors: Gutiérrez-Peredo Gabriel Brayan , Silva Martins Márcia Tereza , da Silva Fernanda Albuquerque , Lopes Marcelo Barreto , Lopes Gildete Barreto , James Sherman A , Norris Keith C , Lopes Antonio Alberto 
Published: August 2024

Background/objective: A high prevalence of fatigue and a positive association between fatigue and post-hemodialysis recovery have been reported in predominantly white populations of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The present study evaluates associations between self-reported fatigue by the 11-item Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ-11) and the need for post-hemodialysis recovery in a predominantly African-descent MHD population. Methods: A total of 233 patients (94% Black or Mixed-Race) participating in the “Prospective Study of the Prognosis of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis” (PROHEMO), Salvador, Brazil were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The CFQ-11 was used to measure fatigue: <4 for absent or mild, ⩾4 for moderate to severe. Patients were also asked if they needed some time to recover after the hemodialysis. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) of the association with adjustments for age, sex, race, educational level, economic class level, diabetes, hearth failure, and hemoglobin. Results: Mean age was 51.5 ± 12.5 years. Moderate to severe fatigue (⩾4 points) was observed in 70.8% (165/233), and absent or mild fatigue (<4 points) in 29.2% (68/233). Compared to patients with fatigue scores <4 (20.6%), the need for post-hemodialysis recovery was 2.5 times greater in patients with fatigue scores ⩾4 (52.7%). The covariate-adjusted logistic regression OR was 4.60, 95% CI: 2.27, 9.21. Conclusion: This study in MHD patients of predominantly African descent supports self-reported fatigue assessed by the CFQ-11 as a relevant predictor of the need for post-hemodialysis recovery. The results offer a rationale for investigating whether interventions to prevent fatigue reduce the need of post-hemodialysis recovery.