bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive Adhesions in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pahari Hirak , Li Wei‐Feng , Lin Tsan‐Shiun , Wang Chih‐Chi , Yong Chee‐Chien , Lin Ting‐Lung , Lin Chih‐Che , Liu Yueh‐Wei , Lin Yu‐Hung , Concejero Allan M. , Jawan Bruno , Chen Chao‐Long 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdhesions are abnormal fibrous bands of scar tissue between internal organs and tissues. With respect to recipient hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), we defined extensive adhesions as adhesions in at least two separate locations that required more than 5 % of the total surgical time to lyse. We aimed to identify the etiology and consequences of this preventable burden.MethodsA simple retrospective case–control study of all cases with extensive adhesions from August 2011 to September 2014 matched by age, sex, and diagnosis at surgery.ResultsA total of 380 cases were studied. Thirty‐eight and five patients had extensive adhesions from surgical and non‐surgical causes, respectively. The incidence and complications in pediatric patients were far less than in adults. In the adult group, the mean operative time was increased by 75 min (12.3 %) and blood loss by 2.5 L.The incidence of bowel perforation and biliary infections were increased in adults, while there was no significant difference in the rate of ascitic or wound infections. The 1‐year survival was slightly less (92 %) than the control group (100 %).ConclusionsThe most common cause of extensive adhesions at LDLT was prior liver resection. Extensive adhesions caused increased morbidity by increased blood loss, transfusion requirements, and increased cold ischemia time. There is also a higher risk of bowel perforation during enterolysis. The use of commercially available barrier techniques is advisable in adults at high risk of developing adhesions with a possibility of liver transplantation, such as liver resection for HCC.
A Social Ecological Model of Syndemic Risk affecting Women with and At‐Risk for HIV in Impoverished Urban Communities
Authors: Batchelder A. W. , Gonzalez J. S. , Palma A. , Schoenbaum E. , Lounsbury D. W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSyndemic risk is an ecological construct, defined by co‐occurring interdependent socio‐environmental, interpersonal and intrapersonal determinants. We posited syndemic risk to be a function of violence, substance use, perceived financial hardship, emotional distress and self‐worth among women with and at‐risk for HIV in an impoverished urban community. In order to better understand these interrelationships, we developed and validated a system dynamics (SD) model based upon peer‐reviewed literature; secondary data analyses of a cohort dataset including women living with and at‐risk of HIV in Bronx, NY (N = 620); and input from a Bronx‐based community advisory board. Simulated model output revealed divergent levels and patterns of syndemic risk over time across different sample profiles. Outputs generated new insights about how to effectively explore multicomponent multi‐level programs in order to strategically develop more effective services for this population. Specifically, the model indicated that effective multi‐level interventions might bolster women’s resilience by increasing self‐worth, which may result in decreased perceived financial hardship and risk of violence. Overall, our stakeholder‐informed model depicts how self‐worth may be a major driver of vulnerability and a meaningful addition to syndemic theory affecting this population.
Older Age as a Prognostic Factor of Attenuated Pain Recovery After Shoulder Arthroscopy
Authors: Simon Corey B. , Riley Joseph L. , Coronado Rogelio A. , Valencia Carolina , Wright Thomas W. , Moser Michael W. , Farmer Kevin W. , George Steven Z. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundShoulder pain and surgery are common among older adults. However, the extent to which older age affects recovery after shoulder surgery is not well understood.ObjectiveTo assess influence of older age on postoperative recovery factors 3 and 6 months after shoulder arthroscopy.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUniversity‐affiliated outpatient orthopedic surgical center.PatientsA convenience sample of 139 persons between 20 and 79 years of age who experienced shoulder pain, had musculoskeletal dysfunction based on imaging and physician assessment, and were scheduled for an arthroscopic shoulder procedure.Main Outcome MeasuresPostoperative outcomes were compared among younger, middle‐aged, and older adults before surgery and at 3 and 6 months after surgery using analysis of variance modeling. Movement‐evoked pain and an experimental laboratory correlate of pain processing were assessed at each time point. The influence of older age on 3‐ and 6‐month pain outcomes were determined via multivariate regression analyses after accounting for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative prognostic factors.ResultsOlder adults had higher movement‐evoked pain intensity (F2,108 = 5.18, P = .007) and experimental pain response (F2,111 = 7.24, P = .001) at 3 months compared with young and middle‐aged adults. After controlling for key prognostic factors, older age remained a positive predictor of 3‐month movement‐evoked pain (R2 = 0.05; standardized [St.] β = 0.263, P = .031) and experimental pain response (R2 = 0.07; St. β = 0.295, P = .014). Further, older age remained a positive predictor of movement‐evoked pain at 6 months (R2 = 0.04; St. β = 0.231, P = .004), despite no age group differences in outcome. Older age was found to be the strongest predictor of 3‐ and 6‐month movement‐evoked pain.ConclusionOlder adults may experience more pain related to movement, as well as endogenous pain excitation, in the first few months after shoulder arthroscopy. Future age‐related research should consider use of movement‐evoked pain intensity and experimental pain response as pain outcomes, as well as the utility of such measures in clinical care.
Composing Europe’s Fundamental Rights Area: A Case for Discursive Pluralism
Authors: HALLESKOV STORGAARD Louise 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article offers a perspective on how the objective of a strong and coherent European protection standard pursued by the fundamental rights amendments of the Lisbon Treaty can be achieved, as it proposes a discursive pluralistic framework to understand and guide the relationship between the EU Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. It is argued that this framework – which is suggested as an alternative to the EU law approach to the Strasbourg system applied by the CJEU inOpinion 2/13and its Charter-based case law – has a firm doctrinal, case law and normative basis. The article ends by addressing three of the most pertinent challenges to European fundamental rights protection through the prism of the proposed framework.
The Flaws and Human Harms of Animal Experimentation
Authors: AKHTAR AYSHA 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:Nonhuman animal (“animal”) experimentation is typically defended by arguments that it is reliable, that animals provide sufficiently good models of human biology and diseases to yield relevant information, and that, consequently, its use provides major human health benefits. I demonstrate that a growing body of scientific literature critically assessing the validity of animal experimentation generally (and animal modeling specifically) raises important concerns about its reliability and predictive value for human outcomes and for understanding human physiology. The unreliability of animal experimentation across a wide range of areas undermines scientific arguments in favor of the practice. Additionally, I show how animal experimentation often significantly harms humans through misleading safety studies, potential abandonment of effective therapeutics, and direction of resources away from more effective testing methods. The resulting evidence suggests that the collective harms and costs to humans from animal experimentation outweigh potential benefits and that resources would be better invested in developing human-based testing methods.
The sigillata manufactories of Pergamon and Sagalassos
Authors: Poblome Jeroen , Bounegru Octavian , Degryse Patrick , Viaene Willy , Waelkens Marc , Erdemgil Selahattin 
Published: September 2015

The Late Hellenistic period saw the intensification of pottery mass-production processes, of which Eastern Sigillata may be considered the pearl in the crown. Reddish tableware had a long tradition in the Levant and its evolution culminated around 150 B.C., in the region between Tarsos and Laodikeia, with the production of Eastern Sigillata A (ESA). More or less simultaneously, but independently, the manufacturing of Eastern Sigillata C (ESC) was initiated at Pergamon. Within a couple of decades the new range of tableware would establish itself in both regions of production, and other pottery production centres picked up the trend with, for instance, the production of Eastern Sigillata D (ESD) in SW Cyprus and the Late Hellenistic predecessor of Sagalassos red slip ware (SRSW) at Pisidian Sagalassos. No doubt, many more regional centres followed suit.The new tableware only gradually made its way, starting to replace other common Late Hellenistic types of fine ware. Only by the end of the Hellenistic period did sigillata become common on most Eastern tables. ESA was clearly in a league of its own, predominating through out the E Mediterranean and beyond. ESD was mainly restricted to Cyprus and the Levant, whereas ESC and Late Hellenistic SRSW remained of regional importance. More research is needed to evaluate the supra-regional demand for ESA in a social context, how this demand may have formed part of wider-ranging commercial activities of Levantine merchants in the E Mediterranean, how the geo-political shifts orchestrated by Rome may have influenced the exchange patterns, and how the other types of Eastern Sigillata and Late Hellenistic tablewares fit into this pattern and relate to prototypes in precious metal, For instance, the island emporion of Delos, handed over to Athens in 167 B.C. and especially favoured by the Romans after the destruction of Corinth in 146 B.C., may have been of crucial importance in establishing the distribution pattern of early ESA. Delos catered to the needs of Italy, which had grown powerful and rich in the 2nd c. B.C., by funnelling large numbers of slaves and a wide variety of luxury products, mainly from the Near East, to Rome. Levantine merchants contributed greatly to the success of Delos by controlling the supply mechanisms. As a result, ESA may have grown into a desirable surrogate for Eastern precious metal plate and thus acquired an esteemed position in the tableware market (cf. Cic, ad Att. 115 [VI.1] 13, dated 50 B.C., on vasa Rhosica).
Comparison of cryoablation with 3D mapping versus conventional mapping for the treatment of atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia and right-sided paraseptal accessory pathways
Authors: Russo Mario S. , Drago Fabrizio , Silvetti Massimo S. , Righi Daniela , Di Mambro Corrado , Placidi Silvia , Prosperi Monica , Ciani Michele , Naso Onofrio Maria T. , Cannatà Vittorio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTranscatheter cryoablation is a well-established technique for the treatment of atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia and atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia in children. Fluoroscopy or three-dimensional mapping systems can be used to perform the ablation procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the success rate of cryoablation procedures for the treatment of right septal accessory pathways and atrioventricular nodal re-entry circuits in children using conventional or three-dimensional mapping and to evaluate whether three-dimensional mapping was associated with reduced patient radiation dose compared with traditional mapping.MethodsIn 2013, 81 children underwent transcatheter cryoablation at our institution, using conventional mapping in 41 children – 32 atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia and nine atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia – and three-dimensional mapping in 40 children – 24 atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia and 16 atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia.ResultsUsing conventional mapping, the overall success rate was 78.1 and 66.7% in patients with atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia or atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia, respectively. Using three-dimensional mapping, the overall success rate was 91.6 and 75%, respectively (p=ns). The use of three-dimensional mapping was associated with a reduction in cumulative air kerma and cumulative air kerma–area product of 76.4 and 67.3%, respectively (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe use of three-dimensional mapping compared with the conventional fluoroscopy-guided method for cryoablation of right septal accessory pathways and atrioventricular nodal re-entry circuits in children was associated with a significant reduction in patient radiation dose without an increase in success rate.
Class Anxiety in Secondary Education: Exploring Structural Relations with Perceived Control, Engagement, Disaffection, and Performance
Authors: González Antonio , Faílde Garrido José María , Rodríguez Castro Yolanda , Carrera Rodríguez María Victoria 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the relationships between class-related anxiety with perceived control, teacher-reported behavioral engagement, behavioral disaffection, and academic performance. Participants were 355 compulsory secondary students (9th and 10th grades; Mean age = 15.2 years; SD = 1.8 years). Structural equation models revealed performance was predicted by perceived control, anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Perceived control predicted anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Anxiety predicted disaffection and engagement, and partially mediated the effects from control on disaffection (β = –.277, p < .005; CI = –.378, –.197) and engagement (β = .170, p < .002; CI = .103 .258). The negative association between anxiety and performance was mediated by engagement and disaffection (β = –.295, p < .002; CI = –.439, –.182). Anxiety, engagement, and disaffection mediated the effects of control on performance (β = .352, p < .003; CI = .279, .440). The implications of these results are discussed in the light of current theory and educational interventions.
Voyage inside the cell: Microsystems and nanoengineering for intracellular measurement and manipulation
Authors: Liu Jun , Wen Jun , Zhang Zhuoran , Liu Haijiao , Sun Yu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractProperties of organelles and intracellular structures play important roles in regulating cellular functions, such as gene expression, cell motility and metabolism. The ability to directly interrogate intracellular structures inside a single cell for measurement and manipulation has significant implications in the understanding of subcellular and suborganelle activities, diagnosing diseases, and potentially developing new therapeutic approaches. In the past few decades, a number of technologies have been developed to study single-cell properties. However, methods of measuring intracellular properties and manipulating subcellular structures have been largely underexplored. Due to the even smaller size of intracellular targets and lower signal-to-noise ratio than that in whole-cell studies, the development of tools for intracellular measurement and manipulation is challenging. This paper reviews emerging microsystems and nanoengineered technologies for sensing and quantitative measurement of intracellular properties and for manipulating structures inside a single cell. Recent progress and limitations of these new technologies as well as new discoveries and prospects are discussed.
Resolution of structure of PIP5K1A reveals molecular mechanism for its regulation by dimerization and dishevelled
Authors: Hu Jian , Yuan Qianying , Kang Xue , Qin Yuanbo , Li Lin , Ha Ya , Wu Dianqing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractType I phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIP5K1) phosphorylates the head group of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) to generate PtdIns4,5P2, which plays important roles in a wide range of cellular functions including Wnt signalling. However, the lack of its structural information has hindered the understanding of its regulation. Here we report the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of zebrafish PIP5K1A at 3.3 Å resolution. This molecule forms a side-to-side dimer. Mutagenesis study of PIP5K1A reveals two adjacent interfaces for the dimerization and interaction with the DIX domain of the Wnt signalling molecule dishevelled. Although these interfaces are located distally to the catalytic/substrate-binding site, binding to these interfaces either through dimerization or the interaction with DIX stimulates PIP5K1 catalytic activity. DIX binding additionally enhances PIP5K1 substrate binding. Thus, this study elucidates regulatory mechanisms for this lipid kinase and provides a paradigm for the understanding of PIP5K1 regulation by their interacting molecules.
LRRK2 G2019S mutation attenuates microglial motility by inhibiting focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Choi Insup , Kim Beomsue , Byun Ji-Won , Baik Sung Hoon , Huh Yun Hyun , Kim Jong-Hyeon , Mook-Jung Inhee , Song Woo Keun , Shin Joo-Ho , Seo Hyemyung , Suh Young Ho , Jou Ilo , Park Sang Myun , Kang Ho Chul , Joe Eun-Hye 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn response to brain injury, microglia rapidly extend processes that isolate lesion sites and protect the brain from further injury. Here we report that microglia carrying a pathogenic mutation in the Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated gene, G2019S-LRRK2 (GS-Tg microglia), show retarded ADP-induced motility and delayed isolation of injury, compared with non-Tg microglia. Conversely, LRRK2 knockdown microglia are highly motile compared with control cells. In our functional assays, LRRK2 binds to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylates its Thr–X–Arg/Lys (TXR/K) motif(s), eventually attenuating FAK activity marked by decreased pY397 phosphorylation (pY397). GS-LRRK2 decreases the levels of pY397 in the brain, microglia and HEK cells. In addition, treatment with an inhibitor of LRRK2 kinase restores pY397 levels, decreased pTXR levels and rescued motility of GS-Tg microglia. These results collectively suggest that G2019S mutation of LRRK2 may contribute to the development of PD by inhibiting microglial response to brain injury.
GITR subverts Foxp3+ Tregs to boost Th9 immunity through regulation of histone acetylation
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Shi Xiaomin , Fan Yihui , Zhang Xiaolong , Wu Minhao , Lan Peixiang , Minze Laurie , Fu Yang-Xin , Ghobrial Rafik M. , Liu Wentao , Li Xian Chang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGlucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) is a costimulatory molecule with diverse effects on effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), but the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that GITR ligation subverts the induction of Foxp3+ Tregs and directs the activated CD4+ T cells to Th9 cells. Such GITR-mediated iTreg to Th9 induction enhances anti-tumour immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, GITR upregulates the NF-κB family member p50, which recruits histone deacetylases to the Foxp3 locus to produce a ‘closed’ chromatin structure. Furthermore, GITR ligation also activates STAT6, and STAT6 renders Il9 locus accessible via recruitment of histone acetyltransferase p300, and together with inhibition of Foxp3, GITR induces strong Th9 responses. Thus, Th9 cells and iTregs are developmentally linked and GITR can subvert tolerogenic conditions to boost Th9 immunity.
Enhanced UV Emission From Silver/ZnO And Gold/ZnO Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Photoluminescence, Radioluminescence, And Optically Stimulated Luminescence
Authors: Guidelli E. J. , Baffa O. , Clarke D. R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe optical properties of core-shell nanoparticles consisting of a ZnO shell grown on Ag and Au nanoparticle cores by a solution method have been investigated. Both the ZnO/Ag and ZnO/Au particles exhibit strongly enhanced near-band-edge UV emission from the ZnO when excited at 325 nm. Furthermore, the UV intensity increases with the metal nanoparticle concentration, with 60-fold and 17-fold enhancements for the ZnO/Ag and ZnO/Au, core-shell nanoparticles respectively. Accompanying the increase in UV emission, there is a corresponding decrease in the broad band defect emission with nanoparticle concentration. Nonetheless, the broad band luminescence increases with laser power. The results are consistent with enhanced exciton emission in the ZnO shells due to coupling with surface plasmon resonance of the metal nanoparticles. Luminescence measurements during and after exposure to X-rays also exhibit enhanced UV luminescence. These observations suggest that metal nanoparticles may be suitable for enhancing optical detection of ionizing radiation.
Feasibility of Using Wideband Microwave System for Non-Invasive Detection and Monitoring of Pulmonary Oedema
Authors: Rezaeieh S. Ahdi , Zamani A. , Bialkowski K. S. , Mahmoud A. , Abbosh A. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPulmonary oedema is a common manifestation of various fatal diseases that can be caused by cardiac or non-cardiac syndromes. The accumulated fluid has a considerably higher dielectric constant compared to lungs’ tissues and can thus be detected using microwave techniques. Therefore, a non-invasive microwave system for the early detection of pulmonary oedema is presented. It employs a platform in the form of foam-based bed that contains two linear arrays of wideband antennas covering the band 0.7–1 GHz. The platform is designed such that during the tests, the subject lays on the bed with the back of the torso facing the antenna arrays. The antennas are controlled using a switching network that is connected to a compact network analyzer. A novel frequency-based imaging algorithm is used to process the recorded signals and generate an image of the torso showing any accumulated fluids in the lungs. The system is verified on an artificial torso phantom and animal organs. As a feasibility study, preclinical tests are conducted on healthy subjects to determinate the type of obtained images, the statistics and threshold levels of their intensity to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy subjects.
Spinolaminar Line Test as a Screening Tool for C1 Stenosis
Authors: Oshima Yasushi , Kelly Michael P. , Song Kwang-Sup , Park Moon Soo , Chuntarapas Tapanut , Vo Katie D. , Yeom Jin S. , Takeshita Katsushi , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: September 2015

Study Design Retrospective cohort. Objective To clarify the sensitivity of C3–C2 spinolaminar line test as a screening tool for the stenosis of C1 space available for the cord (SAC). Methods Spine clinic records from April 2005 to August 2011 were reviewed. The C1 SAC was measured on lateral radiographs, and the relative positions between a C1 posterior arch and the C3–C2 spinolaminar line were examined and considered “positive” when the C1 ring lay ventral to the line. Computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were utilized to measure precise diameters of C1 and C2 SAC and to check the existence of spinal cord compression. Results Four hundred eighty-seven patients were included in this study. There were 246 men and 241 women, with an average age of 53 years (range: 18 to 86). The mean SAC at C1 on radiographs was 21.2 mm (range: 13.5 to 28.2). Twenty-one patients (4.3%) were positive for the spinolaminar line test; all of these patients had C1 SAC of 19.4 mm or less. Eight patients (1.6%) had C1 SAC smaller than C2 on CT examination; all of these patients had a positive spinolaminar test, with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97%). MRI analysis revealed that two of the eight patients with a smaller C1 SAC had spinal cord compression at the C1 level. Conclusion Although spinal cord compression at the level of atlas without instability is a rare condition, the spinolaminar line can be used as a screening of C1 stenosis.