bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diel patterns in coastal‐stream nitrate concentrations linked to evapotranspiration in the riparian zone of a low‐relief, agricultural catchment
Authors: Flewelling Samuel A. , Hornberger George M. , Herman Janet S. , Mills Aaron L. , Robertson Wendy M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) can cause diel fluctuations in the elevation of the water table and the stage in adjacent streams. The diel fluctuations of water levels change head gradients throughout the day, causing specific discharge through near‐stream sediment to fluctuate at the same time scale. In a previous study, we showed that specific discharge controls the residence time of groundwater in streambed sediment that, in turn, exerted the primary control on removal from groundwater passing through the streambed. In this study, we examine the magnitude of diel specific discharge patterns through the streambed driven by ET in the riparian zone with a transient numerical saturated–unsaturated groundwater flow model. On the basis of a first‐order kinetic model for removal, we predicted diel fluctuations in stream concentrations. Model results indicated that ET drove a diel pattern in specific discharge through the streambed and riparian zone (the removal zones). Because specific discharge is inversely proportional to groundwater travel time through the removal zones and travel time determines the extent of removal, diel changes in ET can result in a diel pattern in concentration in the stream. The model predictions generally matched observations made during summertime base‐flow conditions in a small coastal plain stream in Virginia. A more complicated pattern was observed following a seasonal drawdown period, where source components to the stream changed during the receding limb of the hydrograph and resulted in diel fluctuations being superimposed over a multi‐day trend in concentrations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of AC@ZSM‐5 core‐shell particles and their performance in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Chen Fengqiu , Jin Weiyang , Cheng Dang‐guo , Zhan Xiaoli , Lin Y.S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundBecause of its rough surface and the hydrophobic property of porous activated carbon (AC) particles, it is more difficult to grow a zeolite layer on an AC surface than on metal oxides. The aim of the present study is the in situ hydrothermal synthesis of continuous ZSM‐5 zeolite layer encapsulated porous AC particles (AC@ZSM‐5) through an alumina intermediate layer strategy. To evaluate the effects of the zeolite layer on its catalytic application, active species (Co and Zr) were introduced into the AC and used for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.ResultsA continuous zeolite layer cannot be formed on the surface of the irregular AC particles, even when pretreated by air oxidation or concentrated nitric acid, but can be synthesized using the alumina intermediate layer method. A catalytic test of CoZr/AC@ZSM‐5 indicates that the zeolite layer shell has a marked effect on product distributions.ConclusionAided by the alumina intermediate layer, zeolite crystals nucleate at the support/solution interface rather than in solution. For Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over CoZr/AC@ZSM‐5, the product distributions are shifted to methane and light hydrocarbon compared with that of CoZr/AC. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Entrepreneurial Thinking and Your Resolve
Authors: Taulbert Clifton L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTaulbert finds that since the financial crisis of 2008, workplaces are faced with financial pressures and restraints, increased competitiveness, and “in some cases a lack of employee commitment and accountability.” Yet bottom‐line success still must be achieved, and how the leader articulates the vision and mission continues to matter. Leaders must embrace and model entrepreneurial thinking, and the “growth mind‐set” articulated by Stanford University's Dr. Carol Dweck. With this way of thinking, one's abilities are capable of continued growth and learning, not fixed and unchangeable. This mind‐set represents, he writes, “the path of opportunity and success.”
Enhanced Fluorescent Assignment of Protein Aggregates by an Oligothiophene–Porphyrin‐Based Amyloid Ligand
Authors: Arja Katriann , Sjölander Daniel , Åslund Alma , Prokop Stefan , Heppner Frank L. , Konradsson Peter , Lindgren Mikael , Hammarström Per , Åslund K. O. Andreas , Nilsson K. Peter R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFluorescent probes identifying protein aggregates are of great interest, as deposition of aggregated proteins is associated with many devastating diseases. Here, we report that a fluorescent amyloid ligand composed of two distinct molecular moieties, an amyloidophilic pentameric oligothiophene and a porphyrin, can be utilized for spectral and lifetime imaging assessment of recombinant Aβ 1‐42 amyloid fibrils and Aβ deposits in brain tissue sections from a transgenic mouse model with Alzheimer's disease pathology. The enhanced spectral range and distinct lifetime diversity of this novel oligothiophene–porphyrin‐based ligand allow a more precise assessment of heterogeneous amyloid morphology compared with the corresponding oligothiophene dye.magnified image
Performance and aviation applications of minisodars at Hong Kong International Airport
Authors: Chan P. W. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe performance and aviation application of minisodars at Hong Kong International Airport are discussed in this paper. There are two minisodars at the airport and they have been in use for more than 2 years. The data availability at various measurement heights shows that the minisodars in general provide reasonably good coverage for aviation applications. The minisodar's wind data compare well with other measurements, including the anemometer data and LIDAR (light detection and ranging) data. The applications of minisodar data are then described. They are found to provide useful indications of low‐level windshear, mechanical turbulence associated with complex terrain, and downburst associated with a thunderstorm. Through these case studies, the minisodars are found to provide good supplementary data to other remote sensing meteorological instruments, such as LIDAR and radar, in the monitoring of low‐level wind changes that may be encountered by the aircraft.
Hypocholesterolemic effect of capsaicinoids by increased bile acids excretion in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhou Min , Fang Guoshan , Tang Yan , Chen Zongdao , Liu Xiong 
Published: March 2013

ScopeThis study investigated the interaction of dietary capsaicinoids with the mRNA and protein expressions of key receptors and enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.Methods and resultsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation or ovariectomy. The sham group and OVX control group were fed with high‐cholesterol diets, whereas the treatment group (control diet containing 0.01% capsaicinoids) was fed with high‐cholesterol plus 0.01% capsaicinoids diet for 21 days. Capsaicinoids significantly decreased the body weight gain, plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol without affecting the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the OVX rats. The change in plasma lipoprotein profile was accompanied by a greater excretion of total bile acid in feces and small intestinal contents. Western blot and real‐time PCR analyses revealed that capsaicinoids significantly enhanced the expressions of hepatic cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase and transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 but did not affect the expression of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase in the OVX rats.ConclusionCapsaicinoids have cholesterol‐lowering effects in OVX rats. The hypocholesterolemic activity of capsaicinoids is caused by the stimulating conversion of cholesterol to bile acids by upregulation of cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase expression and the increase in fecal total bile acid excretion.
Acute Myocardial Infarction During Regadenoson Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Shah Sachil , Parra David , Rosenstein Robert S. 
Published: March 2013

Pharmacologic stress testing uses vasodilators to provide objective evidence of myocardial ischemia. Adenosine and dipyridamole are nonselective adenosine receptor agonists that have been associated with myocardial infarction (MI) during intravenous infusion. Mechanisms postulated for this effect include coronary steal, transmural steal, global hypotension, and direct vasoconstriction. Regadenoson, a direct A2A agonist, was approved for use in stress testing in 2008. We describe a 68‐year‐old man who presented to our institution with typical angina, relieved by nitroglycerin. He did not have electrocardiogram (ECG) changes suggestive of myocardial pathology, and laboratory testing did not reveal a significant rise in troponin‐I levels. To further assess the etiology of his symptoms, he underwent a pharmacologic stress test with regadenoson followed by technetium 99 m sestamibi. Six minutes after regadenoson infusion, the patient developed severe retrosternal chest pain accompanied by ST elevations on ECG. Sublingual nitroglycerin was administered that resolved both the pain and ECG changes. The patient subsequently underwent urgent coronary angiography and was found to have a 95% critical stenosis involving the left anterior descending artery. We conclude this case represents a MI secondary to coronary steal phenomenon induced by regadenoson infusion. Clinicians should be aware this adverse effect can occur despite the improved side‐effect profile of regadenoson. Continuous monitoring of vital signs and the ECG with regular assessment of symptoms is imperative to identify this rare but potentially devastating adverse event.
Rapid radiative platinisation for dye‐sensitised solar cell counter electrodes
Authors: Charbonneau Cecile , Hooper Katherine , Carnie Matthew , Searle Justin , Philip Bruce , Wragg David , Watson Trystan , Worsley David 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe successful transition of dye‐sensitised solar cell (DSC) manufacture from laboratory to factory requires new thinking in terms of lowering cost and removing time consuming manufacturing process. Platinisation of the fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass counter electrode is essential for the operation of a conventional DSC and is usually carried out by thermal decomposition of chloroplatinic acid at 385 °C for 30 min. Here, near infrared radiation is used to directly heat the FTO layer resulting in full platinisation in 12.5 s. These platinised electrodes behave identically to those produced via conventional static thermal treatment in assembled DSC devices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutual coupling of antennas in a meteor radar interferometer
Authors: Younger J.P. , Reid I.M. , Vincent R.A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMeteor radars have become common and important tools in the study of the climate and dynamics of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region. These systems depend on accurate angle‐of‐arrival measurements to locate the positions of meteor trails in the atmosphere. Mutual coupling between antennas, although small, produces a measurable error in the antenna pair phase differences used to deduce the angle of arrival of incident radiation. Measurements of the scattering parameter matrix for antennas in an interferometric meteor radar array have been made and applied to the existing angle‐of‐arrival calculation algorithm. The results indicate that mutual coupling of antennas in the array produces errors in the zenith angle estimate of less than ± 0.5°. This error is primarily in the form of a gradient across the field of view of the radar, which can be removed using existing phase calibration methods. The remaining error is small but will produce small systematic variations in the height estimates for detected meteors.
The Role of Surface Chemistry on the Toxicity of Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Xiong Yujie , Brunson Mark , Huh Juyoung , Huang Aaron , Coster Adam , Wendt Kristy , Fay Justin , Qin Dong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe role of surface chemistry on the toxicity of Ag nanoparticles is investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast as a platform for evaluation. Combining the shape‐controlled synthesis of Ag nanoparticles with a comprehensive characterization of their physicochemical properties, an understanding is formed of the correlation between the physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles and the inhibition growth of yeast cells upon the introduction of nanoparticles into the cell culture system. Capping agents, surface facets, and sample stability—the three experimental parameters that are inherent from the wet‐chemical synthesis of Ag nanoparticles—have a strong impact on toxicity evaluation. Hence, it is important to characterize surface properties of Ag nanoparticles in the nature of biological media and to understand the role that surface chemistry may interplay to correlate the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles with their biological response upon exposure. This work demonstrates the great importance of surface chemistry in designing experiments for reliable toxicity evaluation and in mitigating the toxicity of Ag nanoparticles for their safe use in future commercialization.
Recent Developments in Samarium Diiodide Promoted Organic Reactions
Authors: Gopalaiah Kovuru , Kagan Henri B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the early eighties, we introduced samarium diiodide for the transformation of various functional groups. Since then, this reducing agent has been extensively used for the reductive cleavage of single bonds, C‐C bond formations, C‐N bond formations, and β‐elimination reactions. In this Personal Account, we highlight our initial results, as well as some of the contributions from various research groups. Because of space limitations, we arbitrarily select some useful results that have recently been described in literature.
Numerical investigation of airflow through a Savonius rotor
Authors: Jaohindy P. , Ennamiri H. , Garde F. , Bastide A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this report is to present a model of a rigid‐rotor system based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which is applied on a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) research. Its originality results from the use of the average value of the variable rotational speed method taken in a periodic steady‐state (PSS) of the VAWT rotor instead of the classical fixed rotational speed method. This approach was chosen in order to determine the mechanical and aerodynamic parameters of the wind turbine. The modeling method uses an implicit Euler iterative solution strategy, which resolves the coupling between fixed and moving rotor domains. The main methods that were adopted are based on the three‐dimensional modeling of the interaction of the fluid flow with a rigid‐rotor. The strategy consists of using the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations with the standard k‐ ϵ and SST k‐ ω models to solve the fluid flow problem. To perform the rigid‐rotor motion in a fluid, the one degree of freedom (1‐DOF) method was applied. In the present study, the steady‐state and dynamic CFD simulations of the Savonius rotor are adopted to contribute to the validation elements of the VAWT models that are used. The dynamic study allows the investigation of the rotor behavior and the relation between velocity, pressure, and vorticity fields in and around the rotor blades. The flow fields generated by the rotation of the Savonius rotor were investigated in the half revolution period of the rotor angle θ from 0° to 180°. In this range of θ, the focus is on generating and dissipating vortices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Root size and soil environments determine root lifespan: evidence from an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Yibo , Deng Yongcui , Zhang Jing , Wu Jing , Tang Yanhong , Cao Guangmin , Zhang Fawei , Cui Xiaoyong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe used a minirhizotron system to investigate the influence of three major factors—root morphology, root depth, and season of root emergence—on root survivorship and longevity in aKobresia humilismeadow on the Tibetan Plateau during the growing season of 2009. Root longevity was assessed by survival analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression. Root longevity was correlated positively with root diameter. A 17.5 % decrease in the risk of mortality was associated with a 0.1‐mm increase in diameter. Roots distributed in the top 10 cm of the soil had significantly shorter longevities than roots at greater depths, with a 48 % decrease of mortality risk for each 10‐cm increase in soil depth from the surface to 40 cm. Of all the factors examined, the season of root emergence had the strongest effect on root lifespan. Roots that emerged in May and June had shorter longevity than roots that emerged later in the year, and roots that emerged in September and October were more likely to survive over winter. Our findings indicated that life‐history traits of roots inK. humilismeadows are highly heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity should be considered when modeling the contribution of roots to carbon and nitrogen fluxes in this type of meadow ecosystem. Moreover, temporal, spatial, and compositional variations in root longevity must be considered.
The effect of amyloid β on cognitive decline is modulated by neural integrity in cognitively normal elderly
Authors: Wirth Miranka , Oh Hwamee , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Markley Candace , Landau Susan M. , Jagust William J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology of amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and neurodegeneration may be relevant to preclinical cognitive decline. The objective of this study was to relate AD‐sensitive biomarkers of Aβ and neurodegeneration and their interaction to longitudinal cognitive change in cognitively normal elderly.MethodsThirty‐eight older people completed at least three consecutive neuropsychological examinations. Using positron emission tomography (PET), Aβ plaque burden was measured with [11C]Pittsburgh compound B (PiB). PiB retention was dichotomized into a positive (n = 13) and negative (n = 25) PiB status. Neurodegenerative biomarkers were extracted within AD‐vulnerable regions of interest (ROIs)—namely, the hippocampus and temporoparietal cortical areas. Within each ROI, metabolism was quantified with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and the gray matter structure was evaluated using volume (hippocampus) or thickness (cortical regions). ROI‐specific functional and structural biomarkers were combined further into cross‐modality neurodegenerative composite measures. Using hierarchical regression models, PiB and the neurodegenerative biomarkers were related to cognitive trajectories.ResultsPiB positivity was associated with memory and nonmemory worsening. The neurodegenerative biomarkers modified these relationships. Longitudinal cognitive decline was accelerated in those individuals who exhibited both PiB positivity and lower neurodegenerative biomarker scores, although the two measures appeared to be independent. PiB retention interacted predominantly with the cortical neurodegenerative composite for nonmemory change. Memory decline was best explained by the interaction between PiB and the hippocampal neurodegenerative composite, suggesting regional specificity of the neurodegenerative modulations.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that cognitive trajectories deteriorate at a faster rate in cognitively normal individuals expressing Aβ burden and neurodegeneration within specific AD‐sensitive regions.
ON THE -LENGTH AND THE WIELANDT LENGTH OF A FINITE -SOLUBLE GROUP
Authors: SU NING , WANG YANMING 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe $p$-length of a finite $p$-soluble group is an important invariant parameter. The well-known Hall–Higman $p$-length theorem states that the $p$-length of a $p$-soluble group is bounded above by the nilpotent class of its Sylow $p$-subgroups. In this paper, we improve this result by giving a better estimation on the $p$-length of a $p$-soluble group in terms of other invariant parameters of its Sylow $p$-subgroups.
MASS CONCENTRATION WITH MIXED NORM FOR A NONELLIPTIC SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
Authors: HAM SEHEON 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a mass concentration phenomenon for a two-dimensional nonelliptic Schrödinger equation. It is well known that this phenomenon occurs when the ${L}^{4} $-norm of the solution blows up in finite time. We extend this result to the case where a mixed norm of the solution blows up in finite time.
The central role of selenium in the biochemistry and ecology of the harmful pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens
Authors: Gobler Christopher J , Lobanov Alexei V , Tang Ying-Zhong , Turanov Anton A , Zhang Yan , Doblin Martina , Taylor Gordon T , Sañudo-Wilhelmy Sergio A , Grigoriev Igor V , Gladyshev Vadim N 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is required for the biosynthesis of selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, but its role in the ecology of harmful algal blooms (HABs) is unknown. Here, we examined the role of Se in the biology and ecology of the harmful pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens, through cell culture, genomic analyses, and ecosystem studies. This organism has the largest and the most diverse selenoproteome identified to date that consists of at least 59 selenoproteins, including known eukaryotic selenoproteins, selenoproteins previously only detected in bacteria, and novel selenoproteins. The A. anophagefferens selenoproteome was dominated by the thioredoxin fold proteins and oxidoreductase functions were assigned to the majority of detected selenoproteins. Insertion of Sec in these proteins was supported by a unique Sec insertion sequence. Se was required for the growth of A. anophagefferens as cultures grew maximally at nanomolar Se concentrations. In a coastal ecosystem, dissolved Se concentrations were elevated before and after A. anophagefferens blooms, but were reduced by &gt;95% during the peak of blooms to 0.05 nm. Consistent with this pattern, enrichment of seawater with selenite before and after a bloom did not affect the growth of A. anophagefferens, but enrichment during the peak of the bloom significantly increased population growth rates. These findings demonstrate that Se inventories, which can be anthropogenically enriched, can support proliferation of HABs, such as A. anophagefferens through its synthesis of a large arsenal of Se-dependent oxidoreductases that fine-tune cellular redox homeostasis.
Analysis of Mental Health Substance Abuse–Related Emergency Department Visits from 2002 to 2008
Authors: Chakravarthy Bharath , Tenny Montessa , Anderson Craig L. , Rajeev Sindhya , Istanbouli Tala , Lotfipour Shahram 
Published: March 2013

Background Mental health substance abuse (MHSA)-related visits in the emergency department (ED) are a growing concern. Methods This study analyzed MHSA ED visits by age, gender, ethnicity, region, season, and duration of stay between 2002 and 2008 using the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey (NHAMCS). The authors used descriptive statistics and examined ED length of stay using a generalized linear model with a log link, and compared length of stay for these visits. Results Mental health–related visits increased from 6.4% of visits in 2002 to 7.0% in 2008 ( P = .002). Substance abuse–related visits increased from 1.8% to 2.1% ( P = .004). Substance abuse-related visits accounted for a 49% increase (CI = 0.051–0.23%) in the total mental health visits to the ED. Male visits increased whereas female visits remained unchanged, with non-Latino white males showing the highest increase. The southern United States had the highest increase in MHSA visits. MHSA visits (5.6 hours) were on average 1.2 hours longer than other non–MHSA-related visits (4.4 hours). MHSA-related visits had a higher percentage of all visits on weekends (2.3%) than on weekdays (2.0%; P < .00005). Conclusions Concentrated programmatic efforts to decrease the burden of MHSA visits to the ED may reduce the burden of disease.