bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of ischaemic stroke amongst patients with chronic osteomyelitis: a population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng C.‐H. , Chen J.‐H. , Muo C.‐H. , Chang Y.‐J. , Sung F.‐C. , Hsu C. Y. 
Published: March 2014

Background and purposeInflammatory processes, which kindle endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, may facilitate the development of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic stroke. Evident stroke risk factors may not be identified in up to 40% of stroke patients, especially in the younger population. Inflammation remains to be established as a stroke risk factor. In this study, it was assessed whether chronic osteomyelitis (COM), an infectious disease with chronic inflammation, increases stroke risk.MethodsA national insurance claim data set of 22 million enrollees in Taiwan was used to identify 18 509 patients with COM and 74 034 randomly selected age‐ and gender‐matched controls for a follow‐up period of 11 years starting 1 January 2000 and ending 31 December 2010. Stroke risk was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsComorbidities known to increase stroke risk, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial disease, were more frequently noted in the COM group who had significantly greater stroke risk than the control cohort. Comparing only those without comorbidities, COM carried greater stroke risk than the control group [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.62, P < 0.001]. The younger population carried even greater risk (age < 45, HR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.71–4.35; age > 65, HR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.31).ConclusionsThis is the first report linking COM to an increased risk of developing stroke. Results suggest that COM is a significant stroke risk factor and call for closer attention to this group of patients for more rigorous stroke prevention, especially in the younger age group.
Transcranial sonography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism: a head‐to‐head comparison
Authors: Hellwig S. , Reinhard M. , Amtage F. , Guschlbauer B. , Buchert R. , Tüscher O. , Weiller C. , Niesen W. D. , Meyer P. T. 
Published: March 2014

Background and purposeBrain imaging with positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG‐PET) and transcranial B‐mode sonography (TCS) improves the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. The diagnostic merits of these approaches in identifying and differentiating atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) are compared.MethodsData were included from 36 patients with clinically suspected APS who underwent PET and TCS. FDG‐PET scans were analyzed by visual assessment (including voxel‐based statistical maps) of a priori defined disease‐specific metabolic patterns. Sonographers achieved diagnoses according to pre‐defined criteria for echogenicities of the substantia nigra and lenticular nucleus, and third ventricle diameter. Patients with APS were identified and allocated to the subgroups multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or corticobasal degeneration (CBD).ResultsAfter a median follow‐up period of 9 months, the final clinical diagnoses (reference standard) were Parkinson's disease, n = 15; MSA, n = 9; PSP, n = 7; and CBD, n = 5 (n = 21 APS in total). Six patients (4 APS) showed an insufficient bone window for TCS. In the remaining 30 patients, sensitivity/specificity for diagnosing APS were 82%/100% and 82%/85% for FDG‐PET and TCS, respectively. Diagnostic accuracies did not differ between FDG‐PET (90%) and TCS (83%; P = 0.69). Likewise, overall accuracy of subgroup classification (non‐APS, MSA, PSP and CBD) did not differ between modalities (FDG‐PET 87% and TCS 83%; P = 1.00).ConclusionsFDG‐PET and TCS show comparable accuracies for differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism. This preliminary study supports the use of TCS and warrants further prospective validation.
Thyroid antibodies are associated with stenotic lesions in the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Tanaka M. , Sakaguchi M. , Yagita Y. , Gon Y. , Yoshikawa K. , Takahashi T. , Fukunaga R. , Mochizuki H. , Kitagawa K. 
Published: March 2014

Background and purposeSeveral studies have reported moyamoya syndrome associated with thyroid disease, and the mechanism involved in this relationship is unknown. This study aimed to clarify the involvement of thyroid antibodies and thyroid function in intracranial arterial stenosis.MethodsThe study included 30 patients <65 years of age with intracranial arterial steno‐occlusion. Patients with definitive moyamoya disease were excluded. Thyroid function and thyroid antibody levels were evaluated. The steno‐occlusive site and the presence of moyamoya vessels were evaluated using digital subtraction angiography. The characteristics of intracranial arterial lesions were compared between patients with and without elevated thyroid antibody levels, and between patients with increased thyroid function and those with normal thyroid function.ResultsFive patients had increased thyroid function and seven had elevated thyroid antibody levels. Four were diagnosed with Graves' disease, 13 with atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis, two with intracranial arterial dissection, one with vasculitis syndrome and 10 with intracranial stenosis of unknown cause. All patients with Graves' disease and patients with elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibody levels had steno‐occlusion in the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries, whereas most of the patients with normal thyroid function or without elevated thyroid antibody levels had stenosis in the middle cerebral arteries.ConclusionsIn young and middle‐aged patients, a lesion in the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery was associated with elevated thyroid antibody levels and increased thyroid function. Stenoses found in the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and immune‐mediated thyroid diseases may share a common background.
Baseline map of organic carbon in Australian soil to support national carbon accounting and monitoring under climate change
Authors: Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. , Webster Richard , Bui Elisabeth N. , Baldock Jeff A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe can effectively monitor soil condition—and develop sound policies to offset the emissions of greenhouse gases—only with accurate data from which to define baselines. Currently, estimates of soil organic C for countries or continents are either unavailable or largely uncertain because they are derived from sparse data, with large gaps over many areas of the Earth. Here, we derive spatially explicit estimates, and their uncertainty, of the distribution and stock of organic C in the soil of Australia. We assembled and harmonized data from several sources to produce the most comprehensive set of data on the current stock of organic C in soil of the continent. Using them, we have produced a fine spatial resolution baseline map of organic C at the continental scale. We describe how we made it by combining the bootstrap, a decision tree with piecewise regression on environmental variables and geostatistical modelling of residuals. Values of stock were predicted at the nodes of a 3‐arc‐sec (approximately 90 m) grid and mapped together with their uncertainties. We then calculated baselines of soil organic C storage over the whole of Australia, its states and territories, and regions that define bioclimatic zones, vegetation classes and land use. The average amount of organic C in Australian topsoil is estimated to be 29.7 t ha−1with 95% confidence limits of 22.6 and 37.9 t ha−1. The total stock of organic C in the 0–30 cm layer of soil for the continent is 24.97 Gt with 95% confidence limits of 19.04 and 31.83 Gt. This represents approximately 3.5% of the total stock in the upper 30 cm of soil worldwide. Australia occupies 5.2% of the global land area, so the total organic C stock of Australian soil makes an important contribution to the global carbon cycle, and it provides a significant potential for sequestration. As the most reliable approximation of the stock of organic C in Australian soil in 2010, our estimates have important applications. They could support Australia's National Carbon Accounting System, help guide the formulation of policy around carbon offset schemes, improve Australia's carbon balances, serve to direct future sampling for inventory, guide the design of monitoring networks and provide a benchmark against which to assess the impact of changes in land cover, land management and climate on the stock of C in Australia. In this way, these estimates would help us to develop strategies to adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change.
Factors associated with cognitive decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus during a 6‐year observation
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Kawamura Takahiko , Umemura Toshitaka , Kawano Naoko 
Published: March 2014

AimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk for cognitive decline in older adults. The current study was carried out to determine the factors associated with cognitive decline.MethodsThe older T2DM patients (aged ≥65 years, mean age 79.2 ± 5.1 years) were observed for 6 years, and the mean values in clinical indicators of participants with and without cognitive decline over a 6‐year period were compared. Then, multiple logistic analysis was carried out to determine the factors associated with cognitive decline. Separate analyses were also carried out for each of five cognitive assessments (Mini‐Mental State Examination, word immediate and delayed recall, Stroop test, digit symbol substitution).ResultsIn the composite of several cognitive assessments, higher age and a lower level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with cognitive decline in older T2DM patients. Lower systolic blood pressure was associated with a decline in delayed word list recall. Higher plasma insulin level was associated with a decline in the Stroop test performance.ConclusionLower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly associated with general cognitive decline in older T2DM patients during our 6‐year observation. Several other factors were also associated with cognitive assessments of various cognitive domains. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 302–310.
Leukemia‐associated aberrant immunophenotype in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: changes at refractory disease or first relapse and clinicopathological findings
Authors: Cui W. , Zhang D. , Cunningham M. T. , Tilzer L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIntroductionMultiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is commonly used to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) during the course of chemotherapy or relapse. Only one study addressed the immunophenotypic changes in refractory disease. We studied changes in leukemia‐associated aberrant immunophenotype (LAIP) in patients with refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodWe analyzed 47 patients (refractory = 22; relapsed = 25) by MFC, morphology, and cytogenetic studies.ResultsThirty‐five patients (74%) showed variably changed LAIPs. The frequently altered LAIPs were lack of lineage‐specific antigen and lineage infidelity. The most frequently changed marker was CD13, followed by CD33, CD56, CD7, CD4, and CD11b. Cytogenetic clonal evolution at persistence/relapse was observed in 15 patients (32%). Morphologically, three patients (6%) showed significant changes at relapse. Patients with refractory AML had a higher association with poor cytogenetic risk and classification of AML with myelodysplasia‐related changes. Positive MRD at postinduction was of prognostic significance. Allogeneic stem cell transplant improved overall survival.ConclusionsLAIP alterations in refractory/relapsed AMLs are common findings. Presence of persistent disease indicates a poor prognosis, regardless of cytogenetic risk or expression of CD7 or CD56. Discordance between cytogenetic and LAIP changes suggests that gross cytogenetic clonal evolution during disease progression only partly contributes to immunophenotypic instability.
Infant psychiatry viewed from a world perspective
Authors: OSOFSKY JOY D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInfant psychiatry, a relatively new and growing field, recognizing that clinically relevant problems can be identified in infants and young children. Infant mental health emphasizes the importance of both preventive intervention and treatment approaches. The World Association for Infant Mental Health is an interdisciplinary and international organization devoted to furthering our understanding of infant psychiatry with the following goals: (i) to promote education, research and study of the effects of emotional development during infancy on later normal and pathological development; (ii) to promote research and study of the mental health of parents, families, and other caregivers of infants; (iii) to promote the development of scientifically based programs of care, intervention, and prevention of mental impairment in infancy; and (iv) to facilitate international cooperation among individuals concerned with promoting optimal development of individuals. In this paper, I will present current work on major areas of concern for infant psychiatry and relate them to psychoanalytic perspectives in this area.
Theoretical and treatment issues of personality disorders in individualistic and collectivistic societies
Authors: KIM HAEAHM 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe author will attempt to equate so‐called personality disorders with what used to be called psychoneurosis. Some suggestions for theoretical and technical modifications to apply psychoanalysis and psychotherapy on selective cases within the current managed care environment have been offered. In order to develop a comprehensive and effective psychotherapy system, a collaboration of psychotherapists both in collectivistic and individualistic societies is highly desirable. Furthermore, the differences of personality disorder and neurosis in both social structure are either minimal or insignificant from a psychotherapeutic point of view.
Human rights of psychiatrically disturbed persons in the tropical Pacific
Authors: WILSON LAWRENCE G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe management of acutely disturbed patients in smaller Pacific island communities presents many clinical challenges as well as ethical and human rights questions. The aggressive, excited, sexually inappropriate, and possibly violent disturbed person frequently will need physical restraint and possible seclusion in a secure environment. In practical terms, on many Pacific islands the only physically secure room is a jail cell. This environment will protect others and possibly protect the out‐of‐control person from themselves. After protection, the next requirements are adequate information about the person and clinically informed individuals who can make a diagnosis and commence treatment in the jail environment. Adequately trained people who can diagnose and suggest initial treatment are few and widely dispersed in Pacific island communities. Two representative case vignettes from the author's experience as a World Health Organization short‐term consultant in Tonga and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana islands illustrate the tension between a disturbed person's right to adequate treatment and the right of a citizen/patient to be free of coercion.
An investigation of adult outcome of hyperactive children in Shanghai
Authors: YAN WEN‐WEI 
Published: March 2014

AbstractApproximately 1–5% of school children have been diagnosed as hyperactive but little is known about their outcome. Children diagnosed as hyperactive in 1979 were followed up for 15 years in order to evaluate their outcome. The manifestations of 197 hyperactive children and 103 normal controls were investigated through follow up with their parents, and the differences were analyzed. Subjects who were diagnosed as MBD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder) in 1979 continued to reveal typical symptoms in 70% of cases and completed less than formal schooling, while only 85% could go through middle school and were less often employed in higher‐level professions, and did not exhibit significantly more conduct problems as a whole group compared with normal controls. About 30% of formerly hyperactive children are able to succeed in their academic or occupational performance. However, the adult lives of the others are influenced by such a development deficit.
Traditional Chinese medical treatment to invigorate blood and relieve stasis treatment of schizophrenia: Comparison with antipsychotics treatment
Authors: WANG BIN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this study, 80 schizophrenic patients, divided into two groups of 40, were treated with traditional Chinese medicine to invigorate the blood and relieve stasis and antipsychotic drugs, and were observed by the rating methods of BPRS, TESS, CGI scale and hemorheology test. The results show that such traditional Chinese medicine to invigorate blood and relieve stasis has fewer side effects on schizophrenic patients than do antipsychotic drugs, and there is objective evidence of hemorheology changes. Traditional Chinese medicine is superior to antipsychotic drugs in the effects of anti‐anxiety–depression and antipsychomotor inhibition, but it is less effective in controlling psychomotor excitation compared with antipsychotic drugs.
Introduction of the treatment method of Thai traditional medicine: Its validity and future perspectives
Authors: DISAYAVANISH CHAMLONG , DISAYAVANISH PRIMPROA 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThai traditional medicine is one of the most valuable heritages handed down from Thai ancestors. In spite of increasing popularity of Western modern medicine, Thai traditional medicine is still widely used in taking care of health in daily life especially among the rural Thais. For the past decade, the government and private organizations have worked in collaboration to restore the values and popularity of Thai traditional medicine. Recently, the Ministry of Public Health has promoted the use of herbal medicine, and the Center for Herbal Information has collected data and performed scientific studies on this matter. Thai Massage Restoration Project has also revised the text on Thai traditional massage, which is now widely practised. The future prospects of Thai traditional medicine are rather positive because the Foundation for Restoring Thai Traditional Medicine and the College of Ayurvedic Medicine have the program and curriculum to produce personnel on traditional medicine. They have also attempted to integrate the basic knowledge of Western medicine into the study and practice of Thai traditional medicine.
Genetic and epidemiological research at the National Institute on Alcoholism, Kurihama National Hospital
Authors: HIGUCHI SUSUMU , HAYASHIDA MOTOI 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe National Institute on Alcoholism, Kurihama National Hospital, Japan, was designated as a WHO Collaborating Center on Research and Training of alcohol‐related problems in 1988. As part of the collaboration and contribution to the WHO, the institute has made significant efforts for the advancement of alcohol research. This article summarizes recent research activities at the institute, focusing on two areas of research: epidemiological and genetic studies.
Heart Rate Variability Findings as a Predictor of Atrial Fibrillation in Middle‐Aged Population
Authors: PERKIÖMÄKI JUHA , UKKOLA OLAVI , KIVINIEMI ANTTI , TULPPO MIKKO , YLITALO ANTTI , KESÄNIEMI Y. ANTERO , HUIKURI HEIKKI 
Published: March 2014

Heart Rate Variability and Atrial FibrillationBackgroundAutonomic nervous system modifies atrial electrophysiologic properties and arrhythmia vulnerability.MethodsHeart rate (HR) variability, an indicator of cardiac autonomic regulation, was measured in 784 subjects (mean age 51 ± 6 years; 54% males) from a standardized 45‐minute period in a study population (n = 1,045), which consisted of randomly selected hypertensive and age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects at the time of recruitment in 1991–1992 (the OPERA study).ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 16.5 ± 3.5 years, 76 subjects (9.7%) had developed symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), needing hospitalization. HR did not predict the occurrence of AF. Among the various spectral and time‐domain HR variability indexes, only the low‐frequency (LF) spectral component independently predicted AF. In the Cox regression analysis, the hazard ratio of reduced HR corrected LF (LFccv ≤ 1.59%, optimal cutoff from the ROC curve) in predicting the AF was 3.28 (95% CI: 2.06–5.24; P < 0.001). In the multiple Cox regression model, including LFccv and other predictors of AF, such as age, gender, hypertension, history of coronary artery disease, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, β‐blocking, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and aspirin medication, left atrial size, left ventricular mass index, and left ventricular size obtained by echocardiography, only LFccv (hazard ratio 2.81; 95% CI: 1.64–4.81; P < 0.001), age (P = 0.006), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of AF.ConclusionsImpaired LF oscillation of HR predicts new‐onset AF in a middle‐aged population emphasizing the important role of autonomic nervous system in the genesis of symptomatic AF.
Family‐based analysis identified CD2 as a susceptibility gene for primary open angle glaucoma in Chinese Han population
Authors: Liu Ting , Xie Lin , Ye Jian , He Xiangge 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPrimary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by optic disc cupping and irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells. Few genes have been detected that influence POAG susceptibility and little is known about its genetic architecture. In this study, we employed exome sequencing on three members from a high frequency POAG family to identify the risk factors of POAG in Chinese population. Text‐mining method was applied to identify genes associated with glaucoma in literature, and protein–protein interaction networks were constructed. Furthermore, reverse transcription PCR and Western blot were performed to confirm the differential gene expression. Six genes, baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis protein repeat containing 6 (BIRC6), CD2, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), polycystic kidney and hepatic disease gene 1 (PKHD1), phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and fucosyltransferase 7 (FUT7), which might be associated with POAG, were identified. Both the mRNA expression levels and protein expression levels of HSP27 were increased in astrocytes from POAG patients compared with those from normal control, suggesting that mutation in CD2 might pose a risk for POAG in Chinese population. In conclusion, novel rare variants detected by exome sequencing may hold the key to unravelling the remaining contribution of genetics to complex diseases such as POAG.
Mobilising flood risk management services from rural land: principles and practice
Authors: Morris J. , Beedell J. , Hess T.M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIncreased exposure of urban areas to flood risk, especially related to climate change, has promoted interest in sustainable approaches to flood risk management (FRM), including the use of natural processes. In this context, the study set out to review the potential contribution of rural land management to the alleviation of flood risk and the suitability of a range of instruments, such as land sales, leasebacks, easements and annual payments that have been, or can be used to mobilise the provision of FRM services by land managers. Insights from literature, key informants, a review of international experience and a stakeholder workshop were used. Frameworks were developed to conceptualise and guide the selection of mechanisms of exchange between buyers and sellers of rural land‐based FRM services. Key challenges concern the definition of units of FRM service and the design of exchange mechanisms to satisfy the different needs of flood risk managers, land managers and other interests.