bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling range dynamics under global change: which framework and why?
Authors: Lurgi Miguel , Brook Barry W. , Saltré Frédérik , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

To conserve future biodiversity, a better understanding of the likely effects of climate and land‐use change on the geographical distributions of species and the persistence of ecological communities is needed. Recent advances have integrated population dynamic processes into species distribution models (SDMs), to reduce potential biases in predictions and to better reflect the demographic nuances of incremental range shifts. However, there is no clear framework for selecting the most appropriate demographic‐based model for a given data set or scientific question.

We review the computer‐based modelling platforms currently used for the development of either population‐ or individual‐based species range dynamics models. We describe the features and requirements of 20 software platforms commonly used to generate simulations of species ranges and abundances. We classify the platforms according to particular capabilities or features that account for user requirements and constraints, such as (i) ability to simulate simple to complex population dynamics, (ii) organism specificity or (iii) their computational capacities.

Using this classification, we develop a protocol for choosing the most appropriate framework for modelling species range dynamics based in data availability and research requirements. We find that the main differences between modelling platforms are related to the way in which they simulate population dynamics, the type of organisms they are able to model and the ecological processes they incorporate. We show that some platforms can be used as generic modelling software to investigate a broad range of ecological questions related to the range dynamics of most species, and how these are likely to change in the future in response to forecast climate and land‐use change. We argue that model predictions will be improved by reducing usage to a smaller number of highly flexible freeware platforms.

Our approach provides ecologists and conservation biologists with a clear method for selecting the most appropriate software platform that meets their needs when developing SDMs coupled with population‐dynamic processes. We argue that informed tool choice will translate to better predictions of species responses to climate and land‐use change and improved conservation management.
Partitioning the relative contribution of one‐phase and two‐phase seed dispersal when evaluating seed dispersal effectiveness
Authors: Culot Laurence , Huynen Marie‐Claude , Heymann Eckhard W. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) is a conceptual framework that aims at quantifying the contribution of seed dispersal vectors to plant fitness. While it is well recognized that diplochorous dispersal systems, characterized by two successive dispersal steps performed by two different vectors (Phase I = primary seed dispersal and Phase II = secondary seed dispersal) which are common in temperate and tropical regions, little attention has been given to distinguishing the relative contribution of one‐phase and two‐phase dispersal to overall SDE. This conceptual gap probably results from the lack of a clear methodology to include Phase II dispersal into the calculation of SDE and to quantify its relative contribution.

We propose a method to evaluate the relative contribution of one‐phase and two‐phase dispersal to SDE and determine whether two seed dispersers are better than one. To do so, we used the SDE landscape and an extension of the SDE landscape, the Phase II effect landscape, which measures the direction and magnitude of the Phase II dispersal effect on overall SDE. We used simulated and empirical data from a diplochorous dispersal system in the Peruvian Amazon to illustrate this new approach.

Our approach provides the relative contribution of one‐phase SDE (SDE1) and two‐phase SDE (SDE2) to overall SDE and quantifies how much SDE changes with the addition of Phase II dispersal. Considering that the seed dispersal process is context dependent so that Phase II depends on Phase I, we predict the possible range of variation of SDE according to the variation of the probability of Phase II dispersal. In our specific study system composed of two primate species as primary dispersal vectors and different species of dung beetles as secondary dispersal vectors, the relative contribution of SDE1 and SDE2 to overall SDE varied between plant species. We discuss the context dependency of the Phase II dispersal and the potential applications of our approach.

This extension to the conceptual framework of SDE enables quantitative evaluation of the effect of Phase II dispersal on plant fitness and can be easily adapted to other biotic and/or abiotic diplochorous dispersal systems.
Enkephalin is essential for the molecular and behavioral expression of cocaine sensitization
Authors: Mongi‐Bragato Bethania , Zamponi Emiliano , García‐Keller Constanza , Assis María Amparo , Virgolini Miriam B. , Mascó Daniel H. , Zimmer Andreas , Cancela Liliana M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBehavioral sensitization to cocaine is associated to neuroadaptations that contribute to addiction. Enkephalin is highly expressed in mesocorticolimbic areas associated with cocaine‐induced sensitization; however, their influence on cocaine‐dependent behavioral and neuronal plasticity has not been explained. In this study, we employed a knockout (KO) model to investigate the contribution of enkephalin in cocaine‐induced behavioral sensitization. Wild‐type (WT) and proenkephalin KO mice were treated with cocaine once daily for 9 days to induce sensitization. Additionally, to clarify the observations in KO mice, the same procedure was applied in C57BL/6 mice, except that naloxone was administered before each cocaine injection. All animals received a cocaine challenge on days 15 and 21 of the treatment to evaluate the expression of locomotor sensitization. On day 21, microdialysis measures of accumbal extracellular dopamine, Western blotting for GluR1 AMPA receptor (AMPAR), phosphorylated ERK2 (pERK2), CREB (pCREB), TrKB (pTrkB) were performed in brain areas relevant for sensitization from KO and WT and/or naloxone‐ and vehicle pre‐treated animals. We found that KO mice do not develop sensitization to the stimulating properties of cocaine on locomotor activity and on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Furthermore, pivotal neuroadaptations such as the increase in pTrkB receptor, pERK/CREB and AMPAR related to sensitized responses were absent in the NAc from KO mice. Consistently, full abrogation of cocaine‐induced behavioral and neuronal plasticity after naloxone pre‐treatment was observed. We show for first time that the proenkephalin system is essential in regulating long‐lasting pivotal neuroadaptations in the NAc underlying behavioral sensitization to cocaine.
BRCA1 mutation site may be linked with nuclear DNA ploidy in BRCA1‐mutated ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Aghmesheh Morteza , Saxena Akshat , Niknam Farshid 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsBRCA1 has a role in maintaining normal nuclear DNA content during cell division and its inactivation may result in DNA aneuploidy and cancer progression. BRCA1‐linked breast cancers are more aneuploid and have a worse prognosis, but this has not been elucidated in ovarian cancers. This study explores the potential difference in ploidy status between BRCA1‐mutated and sporadic ovarian carcinomas. It also explores the potential association between BRCA1 mutation site and DNA ploidy status.MethodsThis study compared DNA ploidy status of tumor blocks from 23 BRCA1‐mutated ovarian carcinomas with that of 23 sporadic ovarian carcinomas matched for histologic subtype, patient age, stage and grade. DNA content of the nuclei was measured by Feulgen–Schiff staining followed by image cytometry and compared.ResultsBRCA1‐linked tumors with a stop codon closer to the N‐terminal (between 1 and 500 aa; 6/6, 100%) had a significantly higher frequency of nondiploidy compared with those with stop codon above 500 aa (7/12, 58%) (P = 0.033). A diploid peak was detected in 28% of BRCA1‐mutated ovarian cancers and in 33% of sporadic ovarian cancers.ConclusionsThe present study concluded that ovarian tumors with mutations closer to the N‐terminal of BRCA1 may have a higher risk of DNA aneuploidy. There is no significant difference between BRCA1‐mutated and sporadic ovarian carcinomas with respect to the DNA content.
Time and the Migrant Other: European Border Controls and the Temporal Economics of Illegality
Authors: Andersson Ruben 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe Western world's borders increasingly seem like a battleground where a new kind of “threat” is repelled—the so‐called “illegal migrant.” At Europe's southern frontiers, sea patrols, advanced surveillance machinery, and fencing keep migrants out, much like at the U.S., Israeli, and Australian borders. Such investments have created a dense web of controls that displaces the border both inward and outward into the borderlands beyond it. Building upon recent border studies and ethnographies of illegality, I explore in this article Europe's migration controls by focusing on their temporal rather than their spatial aspects. I show that, in the borderlands, irregular migrants are not only subjected to extended periods of waiting, as migrants often are, but they also face an active usurpation of time by state authorities through serial expulsions and retentions. The ways in which migrants’ time is appropriated reveal a complex economics of illegality, complementing existing “biopolitical” perspectives on Europe's borders. [migration, illegality, time, borders, temporality]
Varieties of the Primitive: Human Biological Diversity Studies in Cold War Brazil (1962–1970)
Authors: Ventura Santos Ricardo , Lindee Susan , Sebastião de Souza Vanderlei 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years, anthropologists, science scholars, and historians of science have shown growing interest in the history of research in physical anthropology in the post–World War II period, although most of the studies concentrate on North America and Europe. Here we focus on the history of human biological diversity research in South America in the 1960s. We carry out a comparative analysis of the research programs coordinated by two influential North American researchers (the geneticists Newton Morton and James Neel) in Brazil. We analyze the genesis of the two projects in light of the scientific and sociopolitical alignments of the period, and we find that the research was strongly tied to the context of the Cold War. We also address the scientific perspectives and choice of study populations (Indians and mestiços), as well as how the researchers attempted to construct far‐reaching scientific models pertinent to the human species as a whole based on the concept of “primitiveness.” We argue that the research programs that Morton and Neel initiated in the 1960s are basic to the understanding of the history of physical anthropology not only in Brazil but also on a global scale in the decades following World War II. [history of physical–biological anthropology, human population diversity, population genetics, science studies, Newton Morton, James Neel, Brazil]
Phenotype variations of retinal dystrophies caused by mutations in the RLBP1 gene
Authors: Hipp Stephanie , Zobor Gergely , Glöckle Nicola , Mohr Julia , Kohl Susanne , Zrenner Eberhart , Weisschuh Nicole , Zobor Ditta 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeMutations in the RLBP1 gene encoding the cellular retinaldehyde‐binding protein (CRALBP) cause autosomal recessive progressive retinopathy, such as retinitis punctata albescens (RPA), Bothnia‐type dystrophy (BD), Newfoundland rod‐cone dystrophy (NFRCD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and fundus albipunctatus (FA). We present the clinical heterogeneity and genetic findings of seven patients from five families with RLBP1 mutations, including three novel mutations.MethodsSeven patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination including psychophysical tests (visual acuity, colour vision, visual field, dark adaptation) and electrophysiology (Ganzfeld and multifocal ERG). Additionally, fundus photography, autofluorescence (FAF) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) recordings were performed. Genomic DNA was analysed by high‐throughput sequencing for all RP‐related genes in a diagnostic set‐up.ResultsThe patients presented with variable phenotypes, including RPA, BD, RP and a mild form of NFRCD. No detectable or severely depressed responses in electrophysiological examinations were seen in all cases. Visual field constriction was variable among individuals. Severely reduced visual acuity was only observed in the patient presenting with BD. The other patients retained mild to moderate reduction of visual function. Despite the morphological differences, central retinal thinning – as a common feature – could be observed.ConclusionsThe fact that different mutations in RLBP1 are correlated with quite different morphological and functional characteristics outlines the complexity of the protein. Identifying new mutations and comparing the different phenotypes may help to better understand the function of the protein and the consequences in pathological changes that involve RPE and choroid.
Reproducibility of retinal oximetry measurements in healthy and diseased retinas
Authors: Türksever Cengiz , Orgül Selim , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeRetinal oximetry (RO) has been established as a non‐invasive method to analyse oxygen saturation in retinal vessels. The aim of our study was to determine the reproducibility of RO images in healthy and in diseased retinas.MethodsA total of 61 right eyes (244 RO images) in 61 subjects (35♀, 26♂) were examined: 22 controls, 18 patients with glaucoma and 21 patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). Four test–retest RO images were obtained in each subject. Oxygen saturation was measured with the oxygen saturation measurement tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA; IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). The test–retest standard deviation within the subject's (±SDw) measurements (the mean vessel oxygen saturation in retinal venules and arterioles), its coefficient of variation (CoV) and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were analysed.ResultsThe average test–retest SDw in venules was ±2.52% (CoV = 4.35%) and in arterioles was ±1.67% (CoV = 1.76%). Among controls, glaucoma eyes and eyes with IRDs, the test–retest SDw in venules were ±2.33% (CoV = 4.48%), ±2.85% (CoV = 4.71%) and ±2.43% (CoV = 3.90%) (SDw p = 0.366 (CoV p = 0.452); one‐way anova). The test–retest SDw in arterioles were ±1.65% (CoV = 1.80%), ±1.83% (CoV = 1.92%) and ±1.54% (CoV = 1.56%), respectively [SDw p = 0.762 (CoV p = 0.686)]. The ICCs in venules were 0.76 in controls, 0.69 in patients with glaucoma and 0.82 in patients with IRD. The ICCs in arterioles were, respectively, 0.92, 0.70 and 0.93.ConclusionThe reproducibility of RO in healthy, as well as in diseased retinas, is excellent. In the glaucoma group, the lower standard deviation between subjects (SDb) for arterioles contributes to the lower ICCs. Nevertheless, the measurements of oxygen saturation in arterioles seem more reliable when compared to venules.
Use of a public film event to promote understanding and help seeking for social withdrawal
Authors: Teo Alan Robert , Stufflebam Kyle Whitaker , Lu Francis , Fetters Michael Derwin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to implement a public film event about mental health aspects of social withdrawal. Secondary aims were to assess participants' knowledge, attitudes, and intended behaviors related to social withdrawal.MethodThe event, held at three U.S. sites, consisted of a film screening, question‐and‐answer session, and lecture. Participants completed a post‐event survey.ResultsOf the 163 participants, 115 (70.6%) completed surveys. Most of the sample deemed social withdrawal a significant mental health issue. Regarding post‐event intended behaviors, 90.2% reported intent to get more information, 48.0% to being vigilant for social withdrawal in others, and 19.6% to talking with a health care professional about concerns for social withdrawal in themselves or someone they knew. Asian participants were significantly more likely than non‐Asians to intend to encourage help‐seeking for social withdrawal (p = .001).DiscussionA public film event may be a creative way to improve mental health awareness and treatment‐seeking.
Parents’ help‐seeking processes for early childhood mental health problems
Authors: Oh Elizabeth , Bayer Jordana K. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundMental health problems affect up to one in five children and adolescents. Yet less than one quarter will access the appropriate professional help. This study explored parents’ help‐seeking processes for young children with mental health problems.MethodsThe present study followed up 442 6‐year‐old children of an original 733 infants (60% retention) who had been recruited from routine universal maternal and child health well‐child appointments. An adapted help‐seeking model was applied to a subsample of 84 children with mental health problems.ResultsLess than one third of parents whose child had a mental health problem accessed any type of professional service for their child's mental health. The majority of parents had highly positive help‐seeking intentions, however, only one third of parents whose child had a mental health problem recognised their child's behavioural difficulties. Parents with more positive help‐seeking intentions were more likely to access professional care for their child in need than parents who felt ambivalent about seeking help. Parent recognition that their child's behaviour was more difficult than average was a key barrier to accessing professional help when their child had a mental health problem.ConclusionsWhile most parents have positive help‐seeking intentions, professionals aiding parent recognition of their young child's mental health difficulties could facilitate early intervention for children's mental health.
Evaluation of Novel N‐(piperidine‐4‐yl)benzamide Derivatives as Potential Cell Cycle Inhibitors in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Hou Jin , Zhao Wei , Huang Zhi‐Ning , Yang Shao‐Mei , Wang Li‐Juan , Jiang Yu , Zhou Zhong‐Shi , Zheng Man‐Yi , Jiang Ji‐Li , Li Shan‐Hua , Li Fu‐Nan 
Published: November 2014

In this study, a series of novel N‐(piperidine‐4‐yl)benzamide derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor activity. Some compounds were found to have potent antitumor activity. In particular, compound 47 showed the most potent biological activity against HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.25 μm. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compound 47 inhibited the expression of cyclin B1 and p‐Rb and enhanced the expression of p21, p53, Rb, and phospho‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (p‐AMPK). Further, cell cycle arrest was observed by flow cytometry (FCM). In summary, compound 47 was screened to have potential activity for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma via the induction of cell cycle arrest by a p53/p21‐dependent pathway.
Influence of placement depth and abutment connection pattern on bone remodeling around 1‐stage implants: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Palaska Iro , Tsaousoglou Phoebus , Vouros Ioannis , Konstantinidis Antonis , Menexes George 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate peri‐implant marginal bone level changes in relation to crestal or subcrestal implant placement and type of fixture/abutment connection 3 months after implant placement.Materials and methodsThe duration of the study was 3 months. A total of 105 implants were placed in 81 subjects following a one‐stage surgical procedure and assigned into four groups. In the first and second groups, implants with a screwed tapered internal connection were placed subcrestally and crestally, respectively, while in the third and fourth groups, implants with an internal conical seal connection were similarly placed. Clinical recordings and standardized periapical digital radiographs were taken the day of implantation and 3 months later, before placement of the final prosthetic restoration. The modified plaque index (mPLI), modified gingival index (mGI), and probing depths (PD) were recorded at four sites around each implant, and the vertical distance between fixture/abutment junction and alveolar crest at the mesial and distal sites of each implant utilizing subtractive radiography were all measured on placement and at 3 months.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the four groups for PD. The highest values of mPLI and mGI were recorded for Group 2. The mean (±SE) peri‐implant bone loss was recorded as follows: Group 1: 0.68 ± 0.07 mm, Group 2: 0.79 ± 0.06 mm, Group 3: 0.49 ± 0.06 mm, and Group 4: 0.40 ± 0.07 mm. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in bone resorption between groups with different abutment connections.ConclusionsThe connection between fixture/abutment rather than vertical implant placement in relation to alveolar bone level seems to affect peri‐implant marginal bone resorption.
Hands4U: the effects of a multifaceted implementation strategy on hand eczema prevalence in a healthcare setting. Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van der Meer Esther W. C. , Boot Cécile R. L. , van der Gulden Joost W. J. , Knol Dirk L. , Jungbauer Frank H. W. , Coenraads Pieter Jan , Anema Johannes R. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundHealthcare workers have an increased risk of developing hand eczema. A multifaceted implementation strategy was developed to implement a guideline to prevent hand eczema among healthcare workers.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of the implementation strategy on self‐reported hand eczema and preventive behaviour.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was performed. A total of 48 departments (n = 1649) were randomly allocated to the multifaceted implementation strategy or the control group. The strategy consisted of education, participatory working groups, and role models. Outcome measures were self‐reported hand eczema and preventive behaviour. Data were collected at baseline, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of follow‐up.ResultsParticipants in the intervention group were significantly more likely to report hand eczema [odds ratio (OR) 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–2.04], and they reported significantly less hand washing (B, − 0.38; 95%CI: − 0.48 to − 0.27), reported significantly more frequent use of a moisturizer (B, 0.30; 95%CI: 0.22–0.39) and were more likely to report wearing cotton undergloves (OR 6.33; 95%CI: 3.23–12.41) than participants in the control group 12 months after baseline.ConclusionsThe strategy implemented can be used in practice, as it showed positive effects on preventive behaviour. More research is needed to investigate the unexpected effects on hand eczema.