bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with sensitization to hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Geier Johannes , Schnuch Axel , Gefeller Olaf 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundHydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) is a synthetic fragrance chemical and an important contact allergen, at least in Europe. Despite this importance, little is known about risk factors associated with this allergen.ObjectiveTo examine factors from the history and clinical presentation of patch tested patients associated with HICC sensitization.MethodsContact allergy surveillance data of 95 637 patients collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK,
www.ivkd.org) in 2002–2011 were analysed. Point and interval estimates of the relative risk were derived from multifactorial logistic regression modelling.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HICC sensitization was 2.24%. The strongest risk factors were polysensitization and dermatitis of the axillae, followed by dermatitis at other sites. No consistent and significant time trend was observed in this analysis. As compared with the youngest patients, the odds of HICC sensitization increased approximately three‐fold in the 52–67‐year age group, and strongly declined with further increasing age.ConclusionsThe risk pattern with regard to age and affected anatomical site differed from that observed with other fragrance screening allergens. Cosmetic exposure, as broadly defined here, was a stronger and more prevalent individual risk factor than occupational exposure.
Eczema and ceramides: an update
Authors: Jungersted Jakob Mutanu , Agner Tove 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAlthough normal epidermal barrier function depends on numerous factors, including corneocytes, lipids, enzymes, pH, and calcium gradient, the key players are lipids and proteins in the stratum corneum. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by barrier abnormalities, such as the presence of filaggrin mutations in almost 50% of patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis, and lipid disturbances, mainly expressed as insufficient ceramides. In this review, with an emphasis on human studies, we consider the latest research on ceramides, on ceramides in different types of eczema and following various types of treatment. We also consider the genetic influence on stratum corneum lipids. The review is an update on research indexed in PubMed following the discovery of the filaggrin mutations in atopic dermatitis in 2006, but when newer publications cannot stand alone, we include publications from before 2006.
A century of indicator dilution technique
Authors: Henriksen Jens H. , Jensen Gorm B. , Larsson Henrik B. W. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis review imparts the history and the present status of the indicator dilution technique with quantitative bolus injection. The first report on flow measurement with this technique appeared 100 years ago. In 1928, the use of intravascular dyes made possible a widespread application in animals and human during the next decades. Multiple indicators, radioactive tracers, inlet–outlet detection and residue detection were introduced in the 1950s and 1960s, and refined along with the development of indicator kinetics. From the 1970s, a wide clinical use in the study of heart, brain, lungs, liver and kidneys developed, and powerful computers in the 1980s and 1990s accorded the technique a new dimension. Today, the indicator dilution technique, on one hand, is applied in the same way as 100 years ago, on the other hand it forms the basis of quantitative SPECT, positron emission tomography, and dynamic MR scans. The technique still undergoes refinement and elaboration as a lasting concept with a high potential for further development.
5‐aminolaevulinic acid/photo‐dynamic therapy and gefitinib in non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines: a potential strategy to improve gefitinib therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Postiglione I. , Chiaviello A. , Aloj S. M. , Palumbo G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesOften, non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) respond only poorly to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), these poor responders EGFRs lacking activating mutations. In this study, we have attempted to improve TKI response of NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H1299) devoid of EGFR mutations, by combination of gefitinib and 5‐ALA/photodynamic therapy (PDT).Materials and methodsCells of the two lines were incubated with gefitinib (from 0.5 to 50 mm, for 48 h) then irradiated at doses ranging from 4 to 20 J/cm2; 5‐ALA concentration and incubation time were kept constant (1 mm for 3 h). We analysed cell viability, colony‐forming efficiency, cell cycle parameters, proteasome and NF‐κB activity and expression patterns of specific proteins, after individual or combined treatments.ResultsEffects (antagonistic, additive or synergistic) of combination treatment were evaluated using a predictive model (combination index) for expected interactive effects and results are consistent with mutual potentiation exceeding simple additivity. Investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying cytotoxic effects indicated that combination treatment impaired proteasome function, inhibited NF‐κB transcriptional activity and hampered AKT pro‐survival signalling.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that poor response of cells devoid of EGFR activating mutations to TKIs, can be overcome by combining gefitinib with 5‐ALA/photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Oxygen consumption in T‐47D cells immobilized in alginate
Authors: Larsen B. E. , Sandvik J. A. , Karlsen J. , Pettersen E. O. , Melvik J. E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesEncapsulation or entrapment of cells is increasingly being used in a wide variety of scientific studies for tissue engineering and development of novel medical devices. The effect on cell metabolism of such systems is, in general, not well characterized. In this work, a simple system for monitoring respiration of cells embedded in 3‐D alginate cultures was characterized.Materials and methodsT‐47D cells were cultured in alginate gels. Oxygen concentration curves were recorded within cell‐gel constructs using two different sensor systems, and cell viability and metabolic state were characterized using confocal microscopy and commercially available stains.ResultsAt sufficient depth within constructs, recorded oxygen concentration curves were not significantly influenced by influx of oxygen through cell‐gel layers and oxygen consumption rate could be calculated simply by dividing oxygen loss in the system per time, by the number of cells. This conclusion was supported by a 3‐D numeric simulation. For the T‐47D cells, the oxygen consumption rate was found to be 61 ± 6 fmol/cell/h, 3–4 times less than has previously been found for these cells, when grown exponentially in monolayer culture.ConclusionsThe experimental set‐up presented here may be varied in multiple ways by changing the cell‐gel construct 3‐D microenvironment, easily allowing investigation of a variety of factors on cell respiration.
Effects of human epidermal growth factor gene‐transfected mesenchymal stem cells on fibroblast migration and proliferation
Authors: You D. H. , Nam M. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesWe were interested in determining whether epidermal growth factor gene‐transfected mesenchymal stem cells (EGF‐MSC) would accelerate fibroblast migration and proliferation.Materials and methodsFibroblasts were cultured in serum‐free conditioned media from EGF‐MSC; RT‐PCR was performed to detect expression of EGF gene in EGF‐MSCs. EGF protein levels in cell culture supernatants from EGF‐MSC were assayed by ELISA and proliferation of EGF‐MSC‐treated fibroblasts was performed using MTT assay. Effects of EGF‐MSC on fibroblast migration were evaluated using scratch wound and transmigration assays. Cell adhesion molecules, cell dynamics molecules and phospho‐(Ser) kinase substrate expressions of EGF‐MSC‐treated fibroblasts were evaluated by western blotting.ResultsEGF gene expression increased in EGF‐MSCs and viability of EGF‐MSC‐treated fibroblasts was elevated. EGF‐MSC‐treated fibroblasts showed increased migration compared to controls. Expressions of cell adhesion molecules (β‐catenin, N‐cadherin), cell dynamics molecules (cofilin, ezrin) and phospho‐(Ser) kinase substrates (phospho‐MAPK/CDK substrate, phospho‐Arg‐(Ser)‐X‐Tyr/Phe‐X‐pSer motif) increased in EGF‐MSC‐treated fibroblasts. These results imply that EGF‐MSCs contributed to enhancing the wound healing process by increased cell adhesion, dynamic effects, fibroblast migration, and proliferation.ConclusionsThis study indicates that EGF‐MSCs had a positive influence on fibroblast migration and proliferation and EGF‐MSC may provide a useful strategy for wound healing.
Effects of bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) on adipocyte differentiation from mouse adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Wei X. , Li G. , Yang X. , Ba K. , Fu Y. , Fu N. , Cai X. , Li G. , Chen Q. , Wang M. , Lin Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesAs mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated easily from adipose tissues while retaining their self‐renewal and multi‐potential differentiation capacities, they hold promising possibilities for being applied extensively in tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family members have been reported to provide instructive signals to MSCs for them to differentiate into several different cell lineages. The study described here aims to investigate whether BMP‐4 could promote adipose‐derived stem cell (ASC) differentiation into adipocytes under various concentrations.Materials and methodsASCs were isolated from mouse inguinal adipose pads and cultured in vitro. 10 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml BMP‐4 were added to adipogenic media for 8 days. Oil red‐O staining, reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and immunocytofluorescence staining were performed to examine differentiation of the ASCs.ResultsAs indicated by increased expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes (PPAR‐γ, APN and LPL) and proteins, 50 ng/ml BMP‐4 seemed to induce mASCs to differentiate into the adipo‐lineage compared to 10 ng/ml BMP‐4, and control groups. In addition, lipid droplets accumulated within the adipocytes under 50 ng/ml BMP‐4 stimulation, as shown by oil red‐O staining.ConclusionsOur present study suggests that BMP‐4, as an adipo‐inducing factor, promoted adipogenesis of ASCs at higher concentrations (50 ng/ml) and can perhaps be considered as a candidate for use in adipose tissue engineering.
Interleukin‐6‐induced satellite cell proliferation is regulated by induction of theJAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway through cyclin D1 targeting
Authors: Kurosaka M. , Machida S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) stimulates rat muscle satellite cell proliferation in culture, and if so, to clarify the signalling mechanisms.Materials and methodsPrimary satellite cells were isolated from thirty male F344 rats, 11 weeks of age.IL‐6 at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml was added to culture media.ResultsIL‐6 at 0.01–1 ng/ml induced dose‐dependent increase in cell proliferation. After treatment with 1 ng/ml IL‐6, cell proliferation increased by 31%, and p‐STAT3+/MyoD+cells increased in number compared to those in control media (P < 0.05). Inhibitors of JAK2 (AG 490) and STAT3 (STAT3 peptide) blocked the increase in BrdUrd+cell numbers at 6 h post stimulation with 1 ng/ml IL‐6 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, cyclin D1mRNAexpression and cyclin D1+/MyoD+cell numbers significantly increased in cultures treated with 1 ng/ml IL‐6 compared to those in control media (P < 0.05). In contrast, treatment with 10 and 100 ng/ml IL‐6 did not stimulate cell proliferation. Treatment with 10 ng/ml IL‐6 induced greater SOCS3mRNAexpression than with 1 ng/ml IL‐6 and control media. Moreover, co‐localization of SOCS3 and myogenin was observed after treatment with 10 ng/ml IL‐6.ConclusionsIL‐6 induced dose‐dependent increase in satellite cell proliferation by activating theJAK2/STAT3/cyclin D1 pathway.
FGF‐2 addition during expansion of human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells alters MSC surface marker distribution and chondrogenic differentiation potential
Authors: Hagmann S. , Moradi B. , Frank S. , Dreher T. , Kämmerer P. W. , Richter W. , Gotterbarm T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesAlthough clinical applications using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are becoming more frequent, procedures for their in vitro culture are far from standardized. Growth factors such as FGF‐2 are frequently added during expansion to improve population growth and differentiation characteristics. However, up to now its influence on surface marker distribution of MSCs has been close to unknown. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyse effects of FGF‐2 supplementation on pre‐selection of MSC subpopulations.Materials and methodsMesenchymal stromal cells were harvested from bone marrow of six patients and expanded in alpha‐MEM or DMEM‐LG. Starting in passage 2, 10 ng/ml FGF‐2 was administered and non‐supplemented media were used as controls. Growth indices were calculated from P0 to P4. After P4, fluorescence cytometry for common MSC surface markers was performed and standard chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation protocols were applied.ResultsCell population growth indices were higher for those in FGF‐2 supplemented media. Significant differences in surface marker distribution were observed for CD13, CD14, CD49, CD90, CD340 and STRO‐1 depending on respective culture conditions. FGF‐2 suppressed CD146 expression in both alpha‐MEM and DMEM‐LG. No differences in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential could be observed, while FGF‐2 significantly improved chondrogenic differentiation in DMEM‐LG.ConclusionsWhile holding the benefit of improving MSC chondrogenic differentiation potential, FGF‐2 pre‐selects certain MSC subtypes. Our data clearly show that expansion culture conditions have a significant effect on distribution of a number of MSC surface markers.
TNFα‐activated stromal COX‐2 signalling promotes proliferative and invasive potential of colon cancer epithelial cells
Authors: Zhu M. , Zhu Y. , Lance P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesUp to now it has been unclear whether stromal/epithelial interaction affects progression of colon cancer. This study was designed to examine effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)‐activated stromal cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) signalling on proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells.Materials and methodsCyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA and protein were determined by real‐time PCR and western blotting and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Cell proliferation and invasiveness were determined by transwell chamber assays and protein kinase C (PKC) was assayed by Biotrak™ PKC Assay System.ResultsOur results indicated that TNFα, a powerful inflammatory cytokine, strongly promoted COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production in colon cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Using in vitro assays for estimating proliferative and invasive potential, we discovered that activation of stromal COX‐2 signalling significantly promoted proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells. In addition, selective COX‐2 inhibitor N‐[2‐(Cyclohexyloxy)‐4‐nitrophenyl]methanesulfonamide, blocked such proliferative and invasive effects on the cancer epithelial cells. In this process, PKC was involved in activation of COX‐2 signalling in the fibroblasts.ConclusionWe conclude that activation of stromal COX‐2 signalling by TNFα played a major role in promoting proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells.
Promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger maintains self‐renewal of male germline stem cells (mGSCs) and its expression pattern in dairy goat testis
Authors: Song W. , Zhu H. , Li M. , Li N. , Wu J. , Mu H. , Yao X. , Han W. , Liu W. , Hua J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have shown that promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (PLZF) is a spermatogonia‐specific transcription factor in the testis, required to regulate self‐renewal and maintenance of the spermatogonia stem cell. Up to now, expression and function of PLZF in the goat testis has not been known. The objectives of this study were to investigate PLZF expression pattern in the dairy goat and its effect on male goat germline stem cell (mGSC) self‐renewal and differentiation.Materials and methodsTestis development and expression patterns of PLZF in the dairy goat were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Furthermore, effects of PLZF overexpression on mGSC self‐renewal and differentiation were evaluated by quantitative RT‐PCR (QRT‐PCR), immunofluorescence and BrdU incorporation assay.ResultsPromyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger was essential for dairy goat testis development and expression of several proliferation and pluripotency‐associated proteins including OCT4, C‐MYC were upregulated by PLZF overexpression. The study demonstrated that PLZF played a key role in maintaining self‐renewal of mGSCs and its overexpression enhanced expression of proliferation‐associated genes.ConclusionsPromyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger could function in the dairy goat as well as in other species in maintaining self‐renewal of germline stem cells and this study provides a model to study the mechanism on self‐renewal and differentiation of mGSCs in livestock.
Paediatric estimated average glucose in children with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: O'Riordan S. M. P. , Danne T. , Hanas R. , Peters C. J. , Hindmarsh P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimEstimated average glucose has been used to transform HbA1c into a glucose measure that might better inform patients of their glycaemic control. The data set used to obtain the estimated average glucose equation was derived in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, along with normal healthy control subjects, and requires testing in children.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 234 children and young people (106 male) with Type 1 diabetes aged 4.0–23.5 years who underwent continuous glucose monitoring over a 5‐day period along with a measure of HbA1c. Regression analysis was used to determine estimated average glucose and agreement was assessed with the average glucose estimated from the Nathan equation: Nathan average glucose equation = 1.59 (HbA1c%) – 2.59.ResultsMean HbA1c was 76 mmol/mol (25.1) [9.1 (2.3)%] and mean continuous glucose monitoring tissue glucose was 10.4 (2.6) mmol/l. The relationship between continuous glucose monitoring tissue glucose and HbA1c was described by the paediatric equation: paediatric estimated average glucose = 0.49 (HbA1c%) + 5.95 (r = 0.45; P < 0.001). The mean paediatric estimated average glucose was 10.4 (1.1) mmol/l compared with that from the Nathan average glucose equation of 11.9 (3.7) mmol/l (P < 0.001). Overall, the paediatric estimated average glucose was 2.7 mmol/l lower than the Nathan estimated average glucose, with a 95% limit of agreement of ± 0.5 mmol/l. The agreement was very close with HbA1c values below 80 mmol/mol (9.5%).ConclusionThese data suggest that the Nathan estimated average glucose could be used in children and young people with Type 1 diabetes. Caution should still be exercised in the estimates derived for average glucose as the data set is skewed in both Nathan and paediatric average glucose estimates in opposite directions because of the differences in average HbA1c.
Gestational diabetes predicts the risk of childhood overweight and abdominal circumference independent of maternal obesity
Authors: Nehring I. , Chmitorz A. , Reulen H. , von Kries R. , Ensenauer R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimGestational diabetes mellitus is believed to be a risk factor for childhood overweight/obesity. We aimed to assess whether this association is either a reflection or independent of confounding by maternal BMI.MethodsData from 7355 mother–child dyads of the German Perinatal Prevention of Obesity cohort with full anthropometric information on mothers and children, gestational diabetes and confounding factors were obtained at school entry health examination. We calculated crude and adjusted logistic regression models for the association of gestational diabetes and childhood overweight/obesity and abdominal adiposity defined by age‐ and sex‐specific percentiles for BMI and waist circumference.ResultsAmong all children (mean age 5.8 years), 8.1% were overweight, 2.6% were obese and 15.5% had abdominal adiposity. The prevalence of overweight (obesity) was 21% (8.2%) in children of mothers with gestational diabetes and 10.4% (2.4%) in children of healthy mothers. Analyses with adjustment for maternal BMI and other potential confounders yielded an odds ratio of 1.81 (95% CI 1.23–2.65) and 2.80 (95% CI 1.58–4.99) for the impact of gestational diabetes on childhood overweight and obesity, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the risk of childhood abdominal adiposity (odds ratio 1.64, 95% CI 1.16–2.33) by maternal gestational diabetes.ConclusionsThe postulated increased risk of overweight and abdominal adiposity in offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes cannot be explained by maternal BMI alone and may be stronger for childhood obesity than for overweight.
Two‐hour post‐load plasma glucose levels are associated with carotid intima‐media thickness in subjects with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Kato K. , Otsuka T. , Kobayashi N. , Kon Y. , Kawada T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsElevated post‐load plasma glucose levels may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, even when they are within the normoglycaemic range. We examined the association of carotid artery intima‐media thickness, a marker of early atherosclerosis, with glycaemic variables, including post‐load plasma glucose levels, in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance.MethodsThe study participants were 663 Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (565 men, mean age 47 ± 9 years) who underwent both a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and carotid artery intima‐media thickness measurement by B‐mode ultrasonography during a health examination. Associations between maximal common carotid artery intima‐media thickness and fasting plasma glucose, 1‐h and 2‐h plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test, and HbA1c were examined.ResultsThe carotid artery intima‐media thickness gradually increased across the tertiles of 1‐h plasma glucose, 2‐h plasma glucose and HbA1c. In multiple linear regression analysis, 2‐h plasma glucose (β = 0.09, P = 0.012), as well as age, male gender, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and current smoking were independent determinants of carotid artery intima‐media thickness. In contrast, other glycaemic variables were not independent determinants of carotid artery intima‐media thickness. The carotid artery intima‐media thickness in hypertensive subjects with the highest tertile of 2‐h plasma glucose [0.70 (95% CI 0.64–0.76) mm] was significantly greater than in normotensive subjects, with the lowest tertile of 2‐h plasma glucose [0.60 (95% CI 0.58–0.63) mm, P = 0.037], even after adjusting for the multiple potential confounders.ConclusionsThe 2‐h plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test was positively and independently associated with carotid artery intima‐media thickness in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. In particular, the combination of elevated 2‐h plasma glucose and hypertension may contribute to an increased carotid artery intima‐media thickness.