bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to guideline‐concordant antibiotic use among inpatient physicians: A case vignette qualitative study
Authors: Livorsi Daniel , Comer Amber R. , Matthias Marianne S. , Perencevich Eli N. , Bair Matthew J. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDGreater adherence to antibiotic‐prescribing guidelines may promote more judicious antibiotic use, which could benefit individual patients and society at large.OBJECTIVETo assess physician knowledge and acceptance of antibiotic‐prescribing guidelines through the use of case vignettes.DESIGNWe conducted semistructured interviews with 30 inpatient physicians. Participants were asked to respond to 3 hypothetical case vignettes: (1) a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), (2) suspected hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP), and (3) asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). All participants received feedback according to guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and were asked to discuss their level of comfort with following these guidelines.SETTINGTwo acute care teaching hospitals for adult patients.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSData from transcribed interviews were analyzed using emergent thematic analysis.RESULTSParticipants were receptive to guidelines and believed they were useful. However, participants' responses to the case vignettes demonstrated that IDSA guideline recommendations were not routinely followed for SSTI, HAP, and ASB. We identified 3 barriers to guideline‐concordant care: (1) physicians' lack of awareness of specific guideline recommendations; (2) tension between adhering to guidelines and the desire to individualize patient care; and (3) skepticism of certain guideline recommendations.CONCLUSIONSCase vignettes may be useful tools to assess physician knowledge and acceptance of antibiotic‐prescribing guidelines. Using case vignettes, we identified 3 barriers to following IDSA guidelines. Efforts to improve guideline‐concordant antibiotic prescribing should focus on reducing such barriers at the local level. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:174–180. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effect of adipose‐derived stromal cells and BMP12 on intrasynovial tendon repair: A biomechanical, biochemical, and proteomics study
Authors: Gelberman Richard H. , Shen Hua , Kormpakis Ioannis , Rothrauff Benjamin , Yang Guang , Tuan Rocky S. , Xia Younan , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly , Silva Matthew J. , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe outcomes of flexor tendon repair are highly variable. As recent efforts to improve healing have demonstrated promise for growth factor‐ and cell‐based therapies, the objective of the current study was to enhance repair via application of autologous adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) and the tenogenic growth factor bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 12. Controlled delivery of cells and growth factor was achieved in a clinically relevant canine model using a nanofiber/fibrin‐based scaffold. Control groups consisted of repair‐only (no scaffold) and acellular scaffold. Repairs were evaluated after 28 days of healing using biomechanical, biochemical, and proteomics analyses. Range of motion was reduced in the groups that received scaffolds compared to normal. There was no effect of ASC + BMP12 treatment for range of motion or tensile properties outcomes versus repair‐only. Biochemical assays demonstrated increased DNA, glycosaminoglycans, and crosslink concentration in all repair groups compared to normal, but no effect of ASC + BMP12. Total collagen was significantly decreased in the acellular scaffold group compared to normal and significantly increased in the ASC + BMP12 group compared to the acellular scaffold group. Proteomics analysis comparing healing tendons to uninjured tendons revealed significant increases in proteins associated with inflammation, stress response, and matrix degradation. Treatment with ASC + BMP12 amplified these unfavorable changes. In summary, the treatment approach used in this study induced a negative inflammatory reaction at the repair site leading to poor healing. Future approaches should consider cell and growth factor delivery methods that do not incite negative local reactions. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:630–640, 2016.
A Comparative Study of Long‐Term Effects on Fire‐Affected Volcanic Soils in Two Different Ecosystems in the Canary Islands
Authors: Mora Juan Luis , Armas‐Herrera Cecilia M. , Guerra José Asterio , Arbelo Carmen D. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Antonio , Notario del Pino Jesús S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVolcanic soils have unique properties that can be specifically affected by fire. In this work, we use a chronosequence approach to investigate the long‐term effects of wildfires on the surface and topsoil (0–30 cm) of volcanic soils in two different ecosystems: the Canary pine forest (dry and fire‐adapted) and the laurel forest or monteverde (subhumid and not prone to fire). Redundancy analysis and partial Kendall's correlation were used to analyse the relationship between soil characteristics and the wildfire chronosequences, controlling most significant environmental variables. No long‐term effects of fire were observed on the pine forest topsoil, but strongly persistent erosion‐related features were found on the soil surface, suggesting that chronic erosion might occur as a result of increased wildfire frequency. The soils of the monteverde were affected over the long term by severe losses of organic matter including highly humified and complexed forms. Organic losses appeared to be mainly due to erosion and associated with decreases in water‐holding capacity and in the levels of organo‐complexed metals and bioavailable nutrients such as boron or zinc. Fire also led to decreased bioavailability of some nutrients (e.g. phosphorus) and increased release of other elements (e.g. silicon), most likely by exposing surfaces of short‐range‐order minerals. Better management is needed to reduce irreversible effects of severe wildfires on these soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil Erosion in Steep Road Cut Slopes in Palencia (Spain)
Authors: Navarro‐Hevia Joaquín , Lima‐Farias Teresa Raquel , de Araújo José Carlos , Osorio‐Peláez Catalina , Pando Valentín 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConstruction associated to land development, such as roads and railroads, promote severe land degradation. Cutslope sediment yield is one of the major pollutants on waters close to the road and railroad network. To estimate road impact, soil erosion (E), sediment yield (SY) and morphological evolution of a railroad cut in Palencia (Spain), were studied using erosion nails, during the periods 1998–1999, 1999–2000 and 2000–2010. Data from two sample plots were analyzed by an ANOVA for repeated measures. Slope morphological evolution was estimated using a cubic polynomial regression, while E and SY were calculated by integration. The top and the toe of the slope eroded and accumulated 0·5 m respectively, evolving into a concave/convex slope profile. The mean measured E was 220 Mg ha−1 y−1. SY was 31 Mg ha−1 y−1, ranging from 109 Mg ha−1 y−1 to 24 Mg ha−1 y−1. Sediment yield was 4·5 times higher during the first year, than in all subsequent years. Results showed a decreasing trend and a stabilization in E and SY rates. However, both rates remain high and critical over the analyzed time, with regards to soil formation, water protection, land degradation and infrastructure maintenance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The NINDS Parkinson's disease biomarkers program
Authors: Rosenthal Liana S. , Drake Daniel , Alcalay Roy N. , Babcock Debra , Bowman F. DuBois , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Dawson Ted M. , Dewey Richard B. , German Dwight C. , Huang Xuemei , Landin Barry , McAuliffe Matthew , Petyuk Vladislav A. , Scherzer Clemens R. , Hillaire‐Clarke Coryse St. , Sieber Beth‐Anne , Sutherland Margaret , Tarn Chi , West Andrew , Vaillancourt David , Zhang Jing , Gwinn Katrina ,   on behalf of the PDBP consortium
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundNeuroprotection for Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. Biomarkers hold the promise of removing roadblocks to therapy development. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has therefore established the Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program to promote discovery of PD biomarkers for use in phase II and III clinical trials.MethodsUsing a novel consortium design, the Parkinson's Disease Biomarker Program is focused on the development of clinical and laboratory‐based biomarkers for PD diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. Standardized operating procedures and pooled reference samples were created to allow cross‐project comparisons and assessment of batch effects. A web‐based Data Management Resource facilitates rapid sharing of data and biosamples across the research community for additional biomarker projects.ResultsEleven consortium projects are ongoing, seven of which recruit participants and obtain biosamples. As of October 2014, 1,082 participants have enrolled (620 PD, 101 with other causes of parkinsonism, 23 essential tremor, and 338 controls), 1,040 of whom have at least one biosample. Six thousand eight hundred ninety‐eight total biosamples are available from baseline, 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month visits: 1,006 DNA, 1,661 RNA, 1,419 whole blood, 1,382 plasma, 1,200 serum, and 230 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Quality control analysis of plasma, serum, and CSF samples indicates that almost all samples are high quality (24 of 2,812 samples exceed acceptable hemoglobin levels).ConclusionsBy making samples and data widely available, using stringent operating procedures based on existing standards, hypothesis testing for biomarker discovery, and providing a resource that complements existing programs, the Parkinson's Disease Biomarker Program will accelerate the pace of PD biomarker research. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
ERK5/HDAC5‐mediated, resveratrol‐, and pterostilbene‐induced expression of MnSOD in human endothelial cells
Authors: Gan Woting , Dang Yanqi , Han Xin , Ling Shuang , Duan Ju , Liu Jun , Xu Jin‐Wen 
Published: October 2015

ScopeMitochondrial oxidative stress is closely correlated with numerous cardiovascular diseases. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria. Although polyphenols can induce the expression of MnSOD, their corresponding mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that resveratrol and pterostilbene can activate the expression of MnSOD through an AMPK‐ERK5/HDAC5‐KLF2 pathway.Methods and resultsOur results revealed that two stilbenes reduced mitochondrial superoxide‐free radicals, and endothelial cell senescence, and increased the mRNA expression of several genes related to mitochondrial function, including MnSOD. Moreover, two stilbenes upregulated the activation of human MnSOD promoter luciferase reporter gene and protein level in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Similarly, two stilbenes also stimulated LKB1, AMPKα, extracellular‐signal related kinase 5 (ERK5) phosphorylation, and histone acetylase 5 (HDAC5) and Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) expression. The knockdown of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), ERK5, and HDAC5 by using short‐hairpin RNA blocked pterostilbene‐induced phosphorylation of their downstream signaling proteins and the expression of KLF2. Furthermore, using a chromatin immunoprecipitation‐PCR detection method, we found that resveratrol and pterostilbene promoted KLF2 binding to CACCC sites of the human MnSOD promoter.ConclusionResveratrol and pterostilbene can activate MnSOD expression through ERK5/HDAC5 pathway, thus alleviating mitochondrial oxidative stress in endothelial cells that relates to cardiovascular disease.
Mit Salzschmelzen zu neuen Designerkohlen
Authors: Fellinger Tim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUnkonventionelle Methoden liefern Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit unterschiedlichen Porengrößen und zum Teil sehr großen Oberflächen. Ausgangsstoffe dafür sind organische Materialien, die sich in anorganischen Salzschmelzen lösen. Die Produkte eignen sich etwa als Brennstoffzellkatalysatoren.
Wegweisende Oberflächen
Authors: Rink Ina , Schmitz Katja 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMolekulare Signale steuern, wohin die Zellen des Immunsystems wandern, wenn sie Pathogene und Entzündungen bekämpfen. Dabei beeinflussen Proteinmuster die patrouillierenden Zellen. Die Frage ist nur: Wie?
Recent developments in plant oil based functional materials
Authors: Mosiewicki Mirna A , Aranguren Mirta I 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe increasing interest of academic and industrial sectors in the use of bio‐based materials mirrors the overwhelming need for replacing, as much as possible, petroleum derived chemicals, reducing the negative environmental impact derived from their usage. Vegetable oils fulfill this goal extremely well, because of their worldwide availability, large volume production at comparatively low prices and versatility of the modifications and reactions in which they can participate to produce a large variety of different monomers and polymer precursors. Further reactions of these chemicals can lead to very different types of final materials with varied applications. It is because of this remarkable versatility that many review articles have appeared during the last few years; many of them have dealt with the various routes for vegetable oil modification and options for polymer synthesis, whilst others were dedicated to the analysis of the properties of the derived materials, generally focusing on structural properties. In this review, we focus on the capabilities of vegetable oils to be modified and/or reacted to obtain materials with functional properties suitable for use in coatings, conductive or insulating materials, biomedical, shape memory, self‐healing and thermoreversible materials as well as other special functional applications. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of poly(isopropenylphenoxy propylene carbonate) and its facile side‐chain functionalization into hydroxy‐polyurethanes
Authors: Huang Chun Chieh , Lin Ching Hsuan , Dai Shenghong A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT4‐Isopropenyl phenol (4‐IPP) is a versatile dual functional intermediate that can be prepared readily from bisphenol‐A (BPA). Through etherification with epichlorohydrin to the phenolic group of 4‐IPP, it can be converted into 4‐isopropenyl phenyl glycidyl ether (IPGE). On further reaction with carbon dioxide in the presence of tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as the catalyst, IPGE was transformed into 4‐isopropenylphenoxy propylene carbonate (IPPC) in 90% yield. Cationic polymerization of IPPC with strong acid such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or boron trifluoride diethyl etherate as the catalyst at −40 °C gave a linear poly(isopropenylphenoxy propylene carbonate), poly(IPPC), with multicyclic carbonate groups substituted uniformly at the side‐chains of the polymer. The cyclic carbonate groups of poly(IPPC) were further reacted with different aliphatic amines and diamines resulting in formation of polymers with hydroxy‐polyurethane on side‐chains. Syntheses, characterizations of poly(IPPC) and its conversion into hydroxy‐polyurethane crosslinked polymers were presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 802–808
Human factors considerations: Midstream process safety integration
Authors: Brooks Denise M. 
Published: October 2015

Midstream oil and gas companies are coming into their own. For example, according to Deloitte (2014), “Midstream energy companies’ share of overall market value in the oil and gas industry has already risen, nearly tripling over the last six years.” Midstream operators are becoming the stars of the energy industry, investing $26 billion on new pipelines and facilities in 2012—a drastic increase from the seven billion spent just 6 years earlier [Larsson, Midstream investment in pipeline management solutions, Oil and Gas Monitor, Schneider Electric, 2014].Particularly in the United States due to the success of shale and the increasing possibilities for exportation along with recent accidents and fatalities, more scrutiny is being given to both process safety and the humans in the myriad of midstream systems. In the petroleum industry, midstream activities are often taken for granted. Midstream, the conduit between upstream (retrieval of crude oil) and downstream (the processing of petroleum products), is deceivingly complex and risk‐laden. The process safety issues are many and often the integration of those issues with the elements of crude oil storage and transportation is elusive.“Even the best designed, engineered, maintained, and operated pipelines and modes of transportation can be vulnerable to human failures and organizational complexity” [Smith and Volf, Oil Gas Financ J (2013)]. Human Factors (HFs) is a scientific tool that integrates humans (and their capabilities and limitations) into highly complex processes and systems. This discussion describes how the integration of HFs with process safety in crude oil storage, pipeline management, and transportation preserves human safety, organizational credibility, public goodwill, and infrastructure confidence along with investment maximization and preservation.Each aspect and phase of midstream activities share commonalities with the others and yet each has its own unique aspects and challenges. This article describes HFs integration with process safety in the midstream environment. Issues and considerations common to most facets of midstream enterprises are addressed. In addition, unique components of each of the midstream factors such as pipelines, transportation—rail, ship, and truck—and logistics and technology are discussed from a HFs perspective. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 34: 320–327, 2015
Weakening of the spin density wave gap at low temperatures in single crystals
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Kumar Neeraj , Thamizhavel A. , Gupta Anjan K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report on temperature dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies of undoped SrFeAs single crystals from 6 to 292 K. Resistivity data show spin density wave (SDW) transition at 205 K and the superconducting transition at 21 K while magnetic susceptibility does not show any superconductivity. Tunnel spectra correlate well with the SDW transition with a depression in the density of states near the Fermi energy below . On further lowering the temperature, the width of this partial energy gap associated with the SDW decreases. Using the anti‐correlation of superconducting phase with SDW, we interpret this gap weakening as a precursor to superconductivity. This may give rise to a facile nucleation of superconductivity near defects.
Mechanistic study on lowering the sensitivity of positive atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometric analyses: size‐dependent reactivity of solvent clusters
Authors: Ahmed Arif , Choi Cheol Ho , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: October 2015

RationaleUnderstanding the mechanism of atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is important for studies employing APPI liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In this study, the APPI mechanism for polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds dissolved in toluene and methanol or water mixture was investigated by use of MS analysis and quantum mechanical simulation. In particular, four different mechanisms that could contribute to the signal reduction were considered based on a combination of MS data and quantum mechanical calculations.MethodsThe APPI mechanism is clarified by combining MS data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To obtain MS data, a positive‐mode (+) APPI Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer was used to analyze each solution. DFT calculations were performed using the general atomic and molecular electronic structure system (GAMESS).ResultsThe experimental results indicated that methanol significantly reduced the signal in (+) APPI, but no significative signal reduction was observed when water was used as a co‐solvent with toluene. The signal reduction is more significant especially for molecular ions than for protonated ions. Therefore, important information about the mechanism of methanol‐induced signal reduction in (+) APPI‐MS can be gained due its negative impact on APPI efficiency.ConclusionsThe size‐dependent reactivity of methanol clusters ((CH3OH)n, n = 1–8) is an important factor in determining the sensitivity of (+) APPI‐MS analyses. Clusters can compete with toluene radical ions for electrons. The reactivity increases as the sizes of the methanol clusters increase and this effect can be caused by the size‐dependent ionization energy of the solvent clusters. The resulting increase in cluster reactivity explains the flow rate and temperature‐dependent signal reduction observed in the analytes. Based on the results presented here, minimizing the sizes of methanol clusters can improve the sensitivity of LC/(+)‐APPI‐MS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic (RAL) procedures in general surgery
Authors: Alimoglu Orhan , Sagiroglu Julide , Atak Ibrahim , Kilic Ali , Eren Tunc , Caliskan Mujgan , Bas Gurhan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundRobotics was introduced in clinical practice more than two decades ago, and it has gained remarkable popularity for a wide variety of laparoscopic procedures. We report our results of robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) in the most commonly applied general surgical procedures.MethodNinety seven patients underwent RALS from 2009 to 2012. Indications for RALS were cholelithiasis, gastric carcinoma, splenic tumors, colorectal carcinoma, benign colorectal diseases, non‐toxic nodular goiter and incisional hernia. Records of patients were analyzed for demographic features, intraoperative and postoperative complications and conversion to open surgery.ResultsForty six female and 51 male patients were operated and mean age was 58,4 (range: 25‐88). Ninety three out of 97 procedures (96%) were completed robotically, 4 were converted to open surgery and there were 15 postoperative complications. There was no mortality.ConclusionWide variety of procedures of general surgery can be managed safely and effectively by RALS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexaphosphanylamine Ligands: 1,1,4,7,10,10‐Hexakis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐triethylenetetramine Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten
Authors: Majoumo‐Mbe Felicite , Mendoza Lisbeth , Lönnecke Peter , Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe oligophosphanylamine ligand 1,1,4,7,10,10‐hexakis(diphenylphosphanyl)triethylenetetramine (1) was obtained from the reaction of triethylenetetramine with six equivalents of chlorodiphenylphosphine in good yield. Ligand 1 was treated with three equivalents of [Cr(CO)4(MeCN)2], [Mo(CO)4(nbd)] (nbd = norbornadiene), or [W(CO)4(MeCN)2] in toluene to give the trinuclear tetracarbonyl ­complexes [{M(CO)4}3{(PPh2)2N(CH2)2NPPh2(CH2)2NPPh2(CH2)2N(PPh2)2}‐κ6P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6] [M = Cr (2), Mo (3), W (4)]. Compounds 1–4 were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, 31P) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and crystal structure determination (1–3). The molecular structures of 2 and 3 show the formation of tris‐chelate complexes with two M–P–N–P four‐membered rings and one M–P–N–CH2–CH2–N–P seven‐membered ring.