bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication Administration in Critical Care Transport of Adult Patients with Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Wilcox Susan R. , Saia Mark S. , Waden Heather , McGahn Susan J. , Frakes Michael , Wedel Suzanne K. , Richards Jeremy B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionCritical care transport (CCT) teams must manage a wide array of medications before and during transport. Appreciating the medications required for transport impacts formulary development as well as staff education and training.ProblemAs there are few data describing the patterns of medication administration, this study quantifies medication administrations and patterns in a series of adult CCTs.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of medication administration during CCTs of patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure from October 2009 through December 2012 from referring hospitals to three tertiary care hospitals.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-nine charts were identified for review. Medications were administered by the CCT team to 98.7% of these patients, with only three patients not receiving any medications from the team. Fifty-nine medications were administered in total with 996 instances of administration. Fifteen drugs were each administered to only one patient. The mean number of medications per patient was 4.2 (SD=1.8) with a mean of 1.9 (SD=1.1) drug infusions per patient.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that, even within a relatively homogeneous population of patients transferred with hypoxemic respiratory failure, a wide range of medications were administered. The CCT teams frequently initiated, titrated, and discontinued continuous infusions, in addition to providing numerous doses of bolused medications.WilcoxSR, SaiaMS, WadenH, McGahnSJ, FrakesM, WedelSK, RichardsJB. Medication administration in critical care transport of adult patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1-5.
Theory and New Applications ofEx SituLift Out
Authors: Giannuzzi Lucille A. , Yu Zhiyang , Yin Denise , Harmer Martin P. , Xu Qiang , Smith Noel S. , Chan Lisa , Hiller Jon , Hess Dustin , Clark Trevor 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTheex situlift out (EXLO) adhesion forces are reviewed and new applications of EXLO for focused ion beam (FIB)-prepared specimens are described. EXLO is used to manipulate electron transparent specimens on microelectromechanical systems carrier devices designed forin situelectron microscope analysis. A new patented grid design without a support film is described for EXLO. This new slotted grid design provides a surface for holding the specimen in place and also allows for post lift out processing. Specimens may be easily manipulated into a backside orientation to reduce FIB curtaining artifacts with this slotted grid. Large EXLO specimens can be manipulated from Xe+plasma FIB prepared specimens. Finally, applications of EXLO and manipulation of FIB specimens using a vacuum probe lift out method are shown. The vacuum probe provides more control for placing specimens on the new slotted grids and also allows for easy manipulation into a backside configuration.
INTEGRAL MEANS AND DIRICHLET INTEGRAL FOR CERTAIN CLASSES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: ALI MD FIROZ , VASUDEVARAO A. 
Published: July 2015

For a normalized analytic function$f(z)=z+\sum _{n=2}^{\infty }a_{n}z^{n}$in the unit disk$\mathbb{D}:=\{z\in \mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$, the estimate of the integral means$$\begin{eqnarray}L_{1}(r,f):=\frac{r^{2}}{2{\it\pi}}\int _{-{\it\pi}}^{{\it\pi}}\frac{d{\it\theta}}{|f(re^{i{\it\theta}})|^{2}}\end{eqnarray}$$is an important quantity for certain problems in fluid dynamics, especially when the functions$f(z)$are nonvanishing in the punctured unit disk$\mathbb{D}\setminus \{0\}$. Let${\rm\Delta}(r,f)$denote the area of the image of the subdisk$\mathbb{D}_{r}:=\{z\in \mathbb{C}:|z|<r\}$under$f$, where$0<r\leq 1$. In this paper, we solve two extremal problems of finding the maximum value of$L_{1}(r,f)$and${\rm\Delta}(r,z/f)$as a function of$r$when$f$belongs to the class of$m$-fold symmetric starlike functions of complex order defined by a subordination relation. One of the particular cases of the latter problem includes the solution to a conjecture of Yamashita, which was settled recently by Obradovićet al.[‘A proof of Yamashita’s conjecture on area integral’,Comput. Methods Funct. Theory13(2013), 479–492].
ABSTRACTIONIST CATEGORIES OF CATEGORIES
Authors: LOGAN SHAY ALLEN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIf${\cal C}$is a category whose objects are themselves categories, and${\cal C}$has a rich enough structure, it is known that we can recover the internal structure of thecategoriesin${\cal C}$entirely in terms of thearrowsin${\cal C}$. In this sense, the internal structure of the categories in a rich enough category of categories is visible in the structure of the category of categories itself.In this paper, we demonstrate that this result follows as a matter of logic – given one starts from the right definitions. This is demonstrated by first producing an abstraction principle whose abstracts are functors, and then actually recovering the internal structure of the individual categories that intuitively stand at the sources and targets of these functors by examining the way these functors interact. The technique used in this construction will be useful elsewhere, and involves providing an abstract corresponding not to everyobjectof some given family, but to all the relevantmappingsof some family of objects.This construction should settle, in particular, questions about whether categories of categories qualify asautonomousmathematical objects – categories of categories are perfectly acceptable autonomous objects and thus, in particular, suitable for foundational purposes.
Shear stress regulates endothelial cell autophagy via redox regulation and Sirt1 expression
Authors: Liu J , Bi X , Chen T , Zhang Q , Wang S-X , Chiu J-J , Liu G-S , Zhang Y , Bu P , Jiang F 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDisturbed cell autophagy is found in various cardiovascular disease conditions. Biomechanical stimuli induced by laminar blood flow have important protective actions against the development of various vascular diseases. However, the impacts and underlying mechanisms of shear stress on the autophagic process in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are not entirely understood. Here we investigated the impacts of shear stress on autophagy in human vascular ECs. We found that shear stress induced by laminar flow, but not that by oscillatory or low-magnitude flow, promoted autophagy. Time-course analysis and flow cessation experiments confirmed that this effect was not a transient adaptive stress response but appeared to be a sustained physiological action. Flow had no effect on the mammalian target of rapamycin-ULK pathway, whereas it significantly upregulated Sirt1 expression. Inhibition of Sirt1 blunted shear stress-induced autophagy. Overexpression of wild-type Sirt1, but not the deacetylase-dead mutant, was sufficient to induce autophagy in ECs. Using both of gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we showed that Sirt1-dependent activation of FoxO1 was critical in mediating shear stress-induced autophagy. Shear stress also induced deacetylation of Atg5 and Atg7. Moreover, shear stress-induced Sirt1 expression and autophagy were redox dependent, whereas Sirt1 might act as a redox-sensitive transducer mediating reactive oxygen species-elicited autophagy. Functionally, we demonstrated that flow-conditioned cells are more resistant to oxidant-induced cell injury, and this cytoprotective effect was abolished after inhibition of autophagy. In summary, these results suggest that Sirt1-mediated autophagy in ECs may be a novel mechanism by which laminar flow produces its vascular-protective actions.
Interneuron- and GABAA receptor-specific inhibitory synaptic plasticity in cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: He Qionger , Duguid Ian , Clark Beverley , Panzanelli Patrizia , Patel Bijal , Thomas Philip , Fritschy Jean-Marc , Smart Trevor G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInhibitory synaptic plasticity is important for shaping both neuronal excitability and network activity. Here we investigate the input and GABAA receptor subunit specificity of inhibitory synaptic plasticity by studying cerebellar interneuron–Purkinje cell (PC) synapses. Depolarizing PCs initiated a long-lasting increase in GABA-mediated synaptic currents. By stimulating individual interneurons, this plasticity was observed at somatodendritic basket cell synapses, but not at distal dendritic stellate cell synapses. Basket cell synapses predominantly express β2-subunit-containing GABAA receptors; deletion of the β2-subunit ablates this plasticity, demonstrating its reliance on GABAA receptor subunit composition. The increase in synaptic currents is dependent upon an increase in newly synthesized cell surface synaptic GABAA receptors and is abolished by preventing CaMKII phosphorylation of GABAA receptors. Our results reveal a novel GABAA receptor subunit- and input-specific form of inhibitory synaptic plasticity that regulates the temporal firing pattern of the principal output cells of the cerebellum.
Deactivation of excitatory neurons in the prelimbic cortex via Cdk5 promotes pain sensation and anxiety
Authors: Wang Guo-Qiang , Cen Cheng , Li Chong , Cao Shuai , Wang Ning , Zhou Zheng , Liu Xue-Mei , Xu Yu , Tian Na-Xi , Zhang Ying , Wang Jun , Wang Li-Ping , Wang Yun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in processing sensory-discriminative and affective pain. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate a role for excitatory neurons in the prelimbic cortex (PL), a sub-region of mPFC, in the regulation of pain sensation and anxiety-like behaviours. Using a chronic inflammatory pain model, we show that lesion of the PL contralateral but not ipsilateral to the inflamed paw attenuates hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviours in rats. Optogenetic activation of contralateral PL excitatory neurons exerts analgesic and anxiolytic effects in mice subjected to chronic pain, whereas inhibition is anxiogenic in naive mice. The intrinsic excitability of contralateral PL excitatory neurons is decreased in chronic pain rats; knocking down cyclin-dependent kinase 5 reverses this deactivation and alleviates behavioural impairments. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the role of PL excitatory neurons in the regulation of sensory and affective pain.
Determination of band alignment in the single-layer MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction
Authors: Chiu Ming-Hui , Zhang Chendong , Shiu Hung-Wei , Chuu Chih-Piao , Chen Chang-Hsiao , Chang Chih-Yuan S. , Chen Chia-Hao , Chou Mei-Yin , Shih Chih-Kang , Li Lain-Jong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe emergence of two-dimensional electronic materials has stimulated proposals of novel electronic and photonic devices based on the heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides. Here we report the determination of band offsets in the heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides by using microbeam X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy. We determine a type-II alignment between MoS2 and WSe2 with a valence band offset value of 0.83 eV and a conduction band offset of 0.76 eV. First-principles calculations show that in this heterostructure with dissimilar chalcogen atoms, the electronic structures of WSe2 and MoS2 are well retained in their respective layers due to a weak interlayer coupling. Moreover, a valence band offset of 0.94 eV is obtained from density functional theory, consistent with the experimental determination.
Parallel circuits control temperature preference in Drosophila during ageing
Authors: Shih Hsiang-Wen , Wu Chia-Lin , Chang Sue-Wei , Liu Tsung-Ho , Sih-Yu Lai Jason , Fu Tsai-Feng , Fu Chien-Chung , Chiang Ann-Shyn 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe detection of environmental temperature and regulation of body temperature are integral determinants of behaviour for all animals. These functions become less efficient in aged animals, particularly during exposure to cold environments, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we identify an age-related change in the temperature preference of adult fruit flies that results from a shift in the relative contributions of two parallel mushroom body (MB) circuits—the β′- and β-systems. The β′-circuit primarily controls cold avoidance through dopamine signalling in young flies, whereas the β-circuit increasingly contributes to cold avoidance as adult flies age. Elevating dopamine levels in β′-afferent neurons of aged flies restores cold sensitivity, suggesting that the alteration of cold avoidance behaviour with ageing is functionally reversible. These results provide a framework for investigating how molecules and individual neural circuits modulate homeostatic alterations during the course of senescence.
Towards tailored and targeted adherence assessment to optimise asthma management
Authors: van Boven Job FM , Trappenburg Jaap CA , van der Molen Thys , Chavannes Niels H 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to emphasise the need for a more comprehensive and tailored approach to manage the broad nature of non-adherence, to personalise current asthma management. Although currently several methods are available to measure the extent of asthma patients’ adherence, the vast majority do not incorporate confirmation of the actual inhalation, dose and inhalation technique. Moreover, most current measures lack detailed information on the individual consequences of non-adherence and on when and how to take action if non-adherence is identified. Notably, one has to realise there are several forms of non-adherence (erratic non-adherence, intelligent non-adherence and unwitting non-adherence), each requiring a different approach. To improve asthma management, more accurate methods are needed that integrate measures of non-adherence, asthma disease control and patient preferences. Integrating information from the latest inhaler devices and patient-reported outcomes using mobile monitoring- and feedback systems (‘mHealth’) is considered a promising strategy, but requires careful implementation. Key issues to be considered before large-scale implementation include patient preferences, large heterogeneity in patient and disease characteristics, economic consequences, and long-term persistence with new digital technologies.
Prevalence of asthma–COPD overlap syndrome among primary care asthmatics with a smoking history: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kiljander Toni , Helin Timo , Venho Kari , Jaakkola Antero , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Background:
The overlap between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important clinical phenomenon. However, the prevalence of asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) is not known.

Aims:
To investigate the prevalence of ACOS among asthmatic patients with a smoking history, and evaluate the factors predicting ACOS in this patient group.

Methods:
We investigated 190 primary care asthma patients with no previous diagnosis of COPD, but who were either current or ex-smokers, with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years. Spirometry was performed on all the patients while they were taking their normal asthma medication. Patients were considered to have ACOS if their postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity was <0.70.

Results:
Fifty-two (27.4%) of the patients were found to have ACOS. Age ⩾60 years and smoking for ⩾20 pack-years were the best predictors of ACOS. If both of these criteria were met, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for ACOS was 6.08 (2.11–17.49), compared with the situation where neither of these criteria were fulfilled.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of ACOS among primary health care asthmatics with a positive smoking history but no previous diagnosis of COPD. In this population, age over 60 years and a smoking history of more than 20 pack-years were the best predictors of ACOS.
The mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 1 gene GhmMDH1 is involved in plant and root growth under phosphorus deficiency conditions in cotton
Authors: Wang Zhi-An , Li Qing , Ge Xiao-Yang , Yang Chun-Lin , Luo Xiao-Li , Zhang An-Hong , Xiao Juan-Li , Tian Ying-Chuan , Xia Gui-Xian , Chen Xiao-Ying , Li Fu-Guang , Wu Jia-He 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCotton, an important commercial crop, is cultivated for its natural fibers and requires an adequate supply of soil nutrients, including phosphorus, for its growth. Soil phosporus exists primarily in insoluble forms. We isolated a mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) gene, designated as GhmMDH1, from Gossypium hirsutum L. to assess its effect in enhancing P availability and absorption. An enzyme kinetic assay showed that the recombinant GhmMDH1 possesses the capacity to catalyze the interconversion of oxaloacetate and malate. The malate contents in the roots, leaves and root exudates was significantly higher in GhmMDH1-overexpressing plants and lower in knockdown plants compared with the wild-type control. Knockdown of GhmMDH1 gene resulted in increased respiration rate and reduced biomass whilst overexpression of GhmMDH1 gave rise to decreased respiration rate and higher biomass in the transgenic plants. When cultured in medium containing only insoluble phosphorus, Al-phosphorus, Fe-phosphorus, or Ca-phosphorus, GhmMDH1-overexpressing plants produced significantly longer roots and had a higher biomass and P content than WT plants, however, knockdown plants showed the opposite results for these traits. Collectively, our results show that GhmMDH1 is involved in plant and root growth under phosphorus deficiency conditions in cotton, owing to its functions in leaf respiration and P acquisition.
Nanoscale characterization of PM2.5 airborne pollutants reveals high adhesiveness and aggregation capability of soot particles
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Ji Yanfeng , Sun Hui , Hui Fei , Hu Jianchen , Wu Yaxi , Fang Jianlong , Lin Hao , Wang Jianxiang , Duan Huiling , Lanza Mario 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn 2012 air pollutants were responsible of seven million human death worldwide and among them particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) are the most hazardous because they are small enough to invade even the smallest airways and penetrate to the lungs. During the last decade the size, shape, composition, sources and effect of these particles on human health have been studied. However, the noxiousness of these particles not only relies on their chemical toxicity, but particle morphology and mechanical properties affect their thermodynamic behavior, which has notable impact on their biological activity. Therefore, correlating the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of PM2.5airborne pollutants should be the first step to characterize their interaction with other bodies but, unfortunately, such analysis has never been reported before. In this work, we present the first nanomechanical characterization of the most abundant and universal groups of PM2.5airborne pollutants and, by means of atomic force microscope (AFM) combined with other characterization tools, we observe that fluffy soot aggregates are the most sticky and unstable. Our experiments demonstrate that such particles show strong adhesiveness and aggregation, leading to a more diverse composition and compiling all possible toxic chemicals.
Promoter-level expression clustering identifies time development of transcriptional regulatory cascades initiated by ErbB receptors in breast cancer cells
Authors: Mina Marco , Magi Shigeyuki , Jurman Giuseppe , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Lassmann Timo , Arner Erik , Forrest Alistair R. R. , Carninci Piero , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Daub Carsten O. ,   the FANTOM Consortium, Okada-Hatakeyama Mariko , Furlanello Cesare 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe analysis of CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) time-course has been proposed by the FANTOM5 Consortium to extend the understanding of the sequence of events facilitating cell state transition at the level of promoter regulation. To identify the most prominent transcriptional regulations induced by growth factors in human breast cancer, we apply here the Complexity Invariant Dynamic Time Warping motif EnRichment (CIDER) analysis approach to the CAGE time-course datasets of MCF-7 cells stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or heregulin (HRG). We identify a multi-level cascade of regulations rooted by the Serum Response Factor (SRF) transcription factor, connecting the MAPK-mediated transduction of the HRG stimulus to the negative regulation of the MAPK pathway by the members of the DUSP family phosphatases. The finding confirms the known primary role of FOS and FOSL1, members of AP-1 family, in shaping gene expression in response to HRG induction. Moreover, we identify a new potential regulation of DUSP5 and RARA (known to antagonize the transcriptional regulation induced by the estrogen receptors) by the activity of the AP-1 complex, specific to HRG response. The results indicate that a divergence in AP-1 regulation determines cellular changes of breast cancer cells stimulated by ErbB receptors.
Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Promotes Interplay of Proteins in Chromatoid Body of Male Germ Cells
Authors: Wang Guishuan , Zhang Huijuan , Wang Lu , Wang Yuan , Huang Hefeng , Sun Fei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe chromatoid body is a granule-like structure of male germ cells, containing many proteins and RNAs and is important for spermatogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms for the formation and function of the chromatoid body are still elusive. Here, we report that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) accumulates in the chromatoid body by immunofluorescence staining, indicating that CaMKIV is a new component of the chromatoid body. Furthermore, we find that CaMKIV can interplay with the other components of the chromatoid body by immunoprecipitation: mouse VASA homologue (MVH), mouse homologue of PIWI, PIWIL1 (MIWI) and kinesin KIF17b. Importantly, interplay between KIF17b and MVH or MIWI can be potentially regulated by CaMKIV. These results imply that CaMKIV plays a role in maintenance the structure of chromatoid body by regulating the associations of proteins in it.
Earliest evidence of dental caries manipulation in the Late Upper Palaeolithic
Authors: Oxilia Gregorio , Peresani Marco , Romandini Matteo , Matteucci Chiara , Spiteri Cynthianne Debono , Henry Amanda G. , Schulz Dieter , Archer Will , Crezzini Jacopo , Boschin Francesco , Boscato Paolo , Jaouen Klervia , Dogandzic Tamara , Broglio Alberto , Moggi-Cecchi Jacopo , Fiorenza Luca , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Kullmer Ottmar , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPrehistoric dental treatments were extremely rare and the few documented cases are known from the Neolithic, when the adoption of early farming culture caused an increase of carious lesions. Here we report the earliest evidence of dental caries intervention on a Late Upper Palaeolithic modern human specimen (Villabruna) from a burial in Northern Italy. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy we show the presence of striations deriving from the manipulation of a large occlusal carious cavity of the lower right third molar. The striations have a “V”-shaped transverse section and several parallel micro-scratches at their base, as typically displayed by cutmarks on teeth. Based on in vitro experimental replication and a complete functional reconstruction of the Villabruna dental arches, we confirm that the identified striations and the associated extensive enamel chipping on the mesial wall of the cavity were produced ante-mortem by pointed flint tools during scratching and levering activities. The Villabruna specimen is therefore the oldest known evidence of dental caries intervention, suggesting at least some knowledge of disease treatment well before the Neolithic. This study suggests that primitive forms of carious treatment in human evolution entail an adaptation of the well-known toothpicking for levering and scratching rather than drilling practices.