bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10.2.2 Research on a Framework for Systems Engineering Tools for Australian Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Tran Xuan‐Linh , Ferris Timothy , Huynh Thomas V. , Shoval Shraga 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo be self‐reliant and competitive in winning and maintaining defence contracts, the Australian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) need to improve their systems capability. By systems capability it is meant effectual use of sound systems engineering (SE) processes and effective use of SE tools. Unlike most large organisations, the Australian SMEs have not widely employed SE processes and tools in their endeavour. In addition, the SE software tools the Australian SMEs are currently using do not appear to have effectively aided them with their work. This paper describes research to develop a framework for aiding Australian SMEs in effectively acquiring and applying SE processes and tools and thereby improving their systems capability. Specifically, the research involves a collection and analysis of information about the fundamental nature of SMEs; an exploration of relationships between SE process and tools and the Australian SMEs; the development of requirements for SE tools functionality appropriate for SME needs; and the development of framework for acquiring and applying SE tools for SMEs. It also discusses the current outcomes of this research, which consist of a comprehensive research plan, a mapping of SE activities reported in INCOSE Symposia Proceedings (1994–2006) to the Hitchins‐Kasser‐Massie (HKM) framework, and a preliminary view of relationships between SMEs and SE tools. Finally, the final results of this research may be extendable to commercial and overseas SMEs.
10.3.2 Functional Capabilities In Complex Project Engineering
Authors: Jacobs Robert , Schenker Fred 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent performance in the acquisition of large scale defense systems has not met expectations. The acquisition community in the U.S. Department of Defense has been challenged by the department's transition to network‐centric warfare, which leverages complex system collaborations to achieve significant new capabilities. Developing systems of systems or systems of services requires evolved system engineering and project management practices, and better integration of both. This paper presents early learning in this regard from one ongoing system‐of‐systems development program, the Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP). A “functional capability” concept evolved to become a potentially unique definition of a project that has proved useful in a system‐of‐systems development context. This paper then explains a recommended structured‐development approach built on Functional Capabilities that yields artifacts promoting communication, specification, and work phasing. It also compares the approach to the CMMI™ to demonstrate the wide process applicability of Functional Capabilities.
11.2.1 Factors Related to the Implementation of ISSE: A Quality Perspective
Authors: Cline Bryan S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract‘Bolting on’ security functionality in Information Technology (IT) systems late in the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) can be expensive and adversely affect system functionality and usability. Information Systems Security Engineering (ISSE) is a specialized application of systems engineering that addresses the identification of security requirements and their successful translation into IT system design. Yet experience has shown that security is often the “sacrificial lamb” when project managers seek to trade scope to meet cost and schedule requirements despite increasing security and privacy regulation in multiple industries. Given the proper application of ISSE would preclude such choices, overcoming barriers to implementation of ISSE in the SDLC would help project managers provide targeted application of scarce resources; facilitate proper security engineering; reduce overall risk to project scope, cost and schedule; and address the most critical IT security compliance issues affecting their project.
11.3.3 A Case for System Acceptance ‐ Progressive Assurance Practices on the East London Line Project
Authors: Knott Alan , Hodges Barry 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe final product of the East London Line Project (ELLP), and hence the ‘ELL System’ to be accepted, is a fully operational railway comprising an infrastructure, rolling stock and operational resources and processes. The project has defined a structure for progressively decomposing the ELL System into ‘Levels’ as first the requirements and then products are developed and has also defined a comprehensive argument structure for collecting systems assurance evidence which builds up a robust ‘Technical Case’ as the project progresses through its engineering lifecycle towards final system acceptance. This paper describes some of the fundamental systems engineering concepts and principles, which provide an important structured framework for ‘Progressive Assurance’. To conclude the paper lessons learned to date are reported and recommendations for future application of the methodology are made.
KR06 A Systems Engineering Approach to Innovation Management
Authors: Davies Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTraditional approaches to innovation management have generally been ‘bottom‐up’, starting from suggestion schemes centred on existing, steady‐state processes and incremental product development. This lacks a holistic view of the business, and needs reconciliation with long‐term strategy that may include disruptive technology and business model changes. This paper covers a more balanced approach to innovation management, allowing both bottom‐up and top‐down ideas generation, prioritisation, and alignment with business strategy.
KR08 Achieving Sustainable Development in Southern California: Collaborative Learning through System Dynamics Modeling
Authors: Madachy Raymond , Haas Benjamin , Bradbury Hilary , Newell Josh , Rahimi Mansour , Vos Robert , Wolch Jennifer 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSouthern California's gateway to international commerce is through major ports in the San Pedro Bay. The University of Southern California is working with local business and other port stakeholders to enable collaborative learning about sustainable business practices. We are using system dynamics‐based models for participants to locate leverage points that yield the highest CO2 footprint reduction for the lowest cost for the shipping of goods from China through one of the ports. As goods movement is a process in which numerous business entities connect, it also offers an opportunity for a collaborative learning approach. We model key leverage points in the supply chain to explore the affects of potential business decisions on the CO2 footprint of shipping containers. These include options for global route choices and clean technologies for ships, rails and trucks. We are expanding the models for refined route options, adding cost functions, and composite clean technology choices across the transport modalities.
KR10 An Effective Collaboration of a Modeling Tool and a Simulation and Evaluation Framework
Authors: Fernández José L. , Mármol Gloria 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSystem modeling tools contribute to the preparation of design artifacts for subsequent stages of the system development but frequently they failed to their contribution to the evaluation of the system modeled.In the paper, we describe the approach we developed for real‐time systems modeling and models evaluation. This approach is named PPOOA‐Cheddar because it combines the PPOOA method and tool for architecting real‐time systems with the Cheddar framework for simulation and evaluation of real‐time systems. PPOOA and Cheddar tools were developed by independent groups, so we have to adapt PPOOA, the modeling tool we developed, to be integrated with the Cheddar evaluation framework.
KR13 Extended System Engineering – ESE: Integrating Usability Engineering in System Engineering
Authors: Zonnenshain Avigdor , Harel Avi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsers waste time trying to recover from their errors, resulting in productivity loss, reduced satisfaction and accidents. Common system engineering (SE) practices typically disregard system usability. The first part of this article presents real examples of the costs of having the user outside the system boundaries. Recently, researchers have proposed a new framework for complex system engineering (CSE), in which the users are included in the Extended System (ES). CSE considers the users as special cases of cognitive, self‐adaptive system elements. With this framework, the human factors (HF) may dominate the system performance and reliability. Current CSE methodology focuses on operability of systems with fuzzy boundaries, and it does not provide the means to solve the exemplified problems of simple, well defined interactive systems. The article presents a methodology for extended system engineering (ESE), a sub discipline of CSE specializing in the features and limitations of the human operators. Typically, usability professionals are concerned about ease of use during the initial stage more than about user errors. The multidisciplinary approach of having a usability expert in the development team falls short of solving the problems, unless the interface of the information flow between the usability experts and the system engineers is well defined. The article presents the principles and means for integrating usability in system engineering, so that user errors are eliminated, and their negative effects are reduced. Part of the principles and means presented here are applicable to the interaction between any elements of any system, regardless of their intelligence.
KR15 System Development With Virtual Teams In Collaborative Development Environments
Authors: Hause Matthew , Hause Martha 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTechnology has developed such that it allows for effective remote collaboration on system development in a team‐based environment. Two avionics examples of systems developed in such a way are the Airbus 380, and the Eurofighter, with development split between several European countries. Additionally, outsourcing has become endemic in the industry, providing advancement and much needed revenue for developing countries, but complicating development and integration issues. To illustrate the issues involved in remote collaboration, this paper investigates a study of the interactions of high and low performing distributed student teams on a development project. Results indicate that not only is communication crucial to a team's success but the process and timing of specific actions can have an impact on a team's performance. The paper also examines the system development lifecycle and how collaboration changes during the different phases of the project, and lessons to be applied to systems engineering.
KR20 From Process‐Driven to Knowledge‐Driven Requirements Engineering Using Domain Ontology
Authors: Kossmann Mario , Odeh Mohammed , Gillies Andrew , Wong Richard 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe present paper discusses possible ways of how ontologies could be used to drive requirements and the requirements engineering (RE) process itself in an attempt to overcome many of the problems that large engineering‐focused companies encounter in trans‐national and multi‐disciplinary business contexts.The current use of ontologies in the context of systems engineering (SE) is explored with an emphasis on applications in the RE domain, followed by concurrent approaches to RE. Then, the scope of RE is discussed and how it should be widened horizontally and vertically in order to more fully benefit from the positive impact of this discipline in relation to cost, schedule and quality, leading to knowledge‐driven RE rather than only process‐driven RE.An example of a knowledge‐driven approach to RE in the form of OntoREM – a comprehensive, ontology‐driven RE methodology – is introduced, which is currently being developed at the University of the West of England in close cooperation with Airbus. Although this methodology is not yet mature enough and tested to be deployed operationally, some promising results can be expected from a series of applications of aspects of the methodology that are scheduled to be conducted in the context of the Integrated Wing Aerospace Technology Validation Programme, a GBP 34 million, multidisciplinary UK research undertaking, in the first two quarters of 2008.
Defining a Balanced Maritime Safety and Security System
Authors: Hiemstra Hans 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany systems are developed from a technical perspective. Our system engineers, and system architects have great ideas and normally we try to convince potential costumers to buy our wonderful new product. What we mostly forget is to think from the customers perspective and consider how this new product can be used in their organization. This seems like an open door, but requires a different attitude in thinking. This paper is about how we dealt with the problem of defining a Maritime Safety and Security system (MSS system) that could be sold throughout the world.
Systems Engineering and Tram Projects
Authors: Mason Chris 
Published: November 2014

AbstractComplex interfaces exist in all large engineering projects. Tram projects bring particular complexity through the need to integrate major new infrastructure into an existing dense urban city fabric and engage with a wide variety of stakeholders with interfaces and requirements. This environment lends itself to a structured approach and this paper presents recent experience of applying a Systems Engineering approach to the design of a tram system.Particular features and design challenges of tram systems are described, how they can be characterised in terms of Systems Engineering, the solutions implemented and lessons learned. The paper concludes that Systems Engineering clearly brings benefits in the complex world of trams, but whilst the industry is moving towards this approach there is still a long way to go. Clients and consultants are encouraged to actively promote Systems Engineering activities at all levels, to ensure the benefits are maximized to all.
1.1.1 Automated Metro – Ensuring Safety and Reliability with Minimum Human Intervention
Authors: Seng Yap Kwee , Wai Ng Hon , Chan Samuel , Weng Leong Kwok 
Published: November 2014

AbstractModern transit systems are very complex and have high level of automation. The introduction of fully automated metro system has greatly reduced the dependency on human to drive the train and offered greater flexibility in the system operation. Prior to the implementation of each new automated metro system, extensive study has to be undertaken to ensure that the safety and reliability of the automated system will not be compromised.The paper describes Land Transport Authority (LTA)'s systems engineering process on safety and reliability for the design and construction of automated metro system projects in Singapore. The approach adopted has been proven to be successful through its implementation on several recent projects in achieving a high level of safety and reliability of automated metro systems.
1.1.3 Systemic Safety and Accident Modelling of Complex Socio‐technical Systems
Authors: Qureshi Zahid H. , Campbell Alistair 
Published: November 2014

AbstractModern systems such as transportation, defence, telecommunications, nuclear power plants, robots and autonomous vehicles are increasingly becoming more complex. This is leading to new kinds of system failures, safety issues and severe accidents. The traditional approaches to system design and safety analysis are not adequate to capture the complexities and dynamics of modern socio‐technical systems. This paper focuses on new approaches to safety and accident modelling of socio‐technical systems based on systems theory and cognitive systems engineering. We examine the contributions by organisational sociologists to safety in complex organisations managing and operating high‐risk technological systems. This paper recommends interdisciplinary research encompassing technology, human factors, and organisational sociology, in order to capture the complexity of modern socio‐technical systems from a broad systemic view for understanding the multi‐dimensional aspects of safety and accident causation.
1.3.2 Is There a Complete Project Plan? A Model‐Based Project Planning Approach
Authors: Sharon Amira , de Weck Olivier L. , Dori Dov 
Published: November 2014

AbstractProject planning and control are the essentials of project management. The first steps of the project planning require some knowledge of the concept of the product that the project is expected to deliver. The initial project plan, scope of work, Work Breakdown Structure, and allocation of resources rely on understanding of at least the top‐level product functionality, architecture, and concept of operation. The project planning and control is an iterative process of derivation, refinement, and simulation of the product model, while maintaining traceability and coherence between the product model and the project plan at all levels. Nevertheless, existing representations or views for project planning, such as Gantt, PERT, and DSM, contain only a portion of the entire set of relationships among project entities. This paper outlines a model‐based approach to project planning, in which a joint project‐product OPM model is the basis for the various project management views.
3.1.1 Defining an Integration Readiness Level for Defense Acquisition
Authors: Sauser Brian J. , Long Michael , Forbes Eric , McGrory Suzanne E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThere is a tremendous need to analyze system interoperability within Defense for both government and industry. Part of this challenge is the need for a metric that can be used as a common ontology and assess the state of interoperability in system's development and acquisition. Previous research developments have created an Integration Readiness Level (IRL) that complements the well‐established Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the Department of Defense. This paper expands upon this work with the objective of presenting a verified and validated IRL and supporting guide of critical maturation criteria. We will review the foundations of this IRL, describe our development of a “guide” to support the IRLs, present the results of a survey to assess the criticality of decision criteria in the “guide,” and conclude with a discussion of the results and their implications to defense acquisition.
3.1.2 Interoperability: a reliability challenge across systems and humans; illustrated by health care examples
Authors: Muller Gerrit 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnd‐to‐end functionality is often the result of cooperation between many systems. We will discuss interoperability of systems, including the humans involved. Root causes of interoperability problems are inconsistencies between the models of the world within the system and the actual situation in the world. The dynamics of time complicates interoperability even more.Standards play a crucial role in facilitating interoperability. Unfortunately, compliance to standards is no guarantee for interoperability. Interoperability is required at many levels, from single technical systems to social systems. Abstraction is one of the means to cope with increased interoperability scope. However, rather detailed implementation issues may cause dangerous interoperability problems.Interoperability has many dimensions: technical, applicational, social, and cultural. The ownership for interoperability is unclear. This unclear ownership in such multi‐dimensional problem space explains why interoperability is so difficult to achieve.
3.2.1 Proposal of method to estimate of the probability to fulfillment product's functional requirements
Authors: Semabukuro Rosely , de Paula José Roberto , Taranti Christian Giorgio Roberto , de Sousa Damiani José Henrique 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis work proposes a method to estimate the probability of meeting functional requirements of complex products. The method uses concepts and techniques from Systems Engineering and from Reliability. Functional interactions represented in the Functional Flow Block Diagrams (FFBD) are translated into a correspondent configuration of the reliability block diagram (RBD), according to the method's conventions. After that, a reliability value is attributed to each component block, and using reliability evaluation methods the probability of meeting a particular functional requirement is estimated. An application example is presented by missile's subsystem.
3.2.3 Development of OMS/MP for the System Reliability
Authors: Lee Kyoung‐Haeng , Kwon Yong‐Soo , Kim Chul‐Whan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis work describes an essential process of reliability analysis in weapon systems. The OMS/MP providing essential data of RAM analysis must be prepared by user. However, data acquisition quantified by operational environment of the systems and related instructions are now insufficient to the reliable systems acquisition. OMS/MP based RAM factor is an essential requirements in reliability model analysis. The process of reliability analysis is also often done with an insufficient understanding of OMS/MP. This work proposed the improved reliability analysis process with RELEX. It is shown that the process is a good reasonable by its application of the weapon systems.
3.4.4 Building a Systems Engineering Framework for London Overground using Experiences from the East London Line Project (ELLP)
Authors: Hodges Barry , Knott Alan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLondon Overground is a passenger rail service under the responsibility of the Mayor of London, which is managed by Transport for London (TfL) and is operated by London Overground Rail Operations Limited (LOROL). London Overground forms part of the UK national rail network and Network Rail is the Infrastructure Manager (IM) as defined under the UK railways regulations except for a relatively short section of the East London Railway (ELR), for which Rail for London (RfL) is the IM. The current plan is for RfL to extend its IM duties to new routes such as the extensions of the ELR and to parts of the Crossrail route. The £1bn East London Line Project (ELLP) was responsible for the development of the ELR and the innovative Systems Engineering practices employed on that project have been reported in previous papers.This paper consolidates the experiences and knowledge from the ELLP into a number of ‘lessons learned’. It then proceeds to describe how the development of a framework of systems engineering practices for RfL's new IM role has benefited from the experiences on the ELLP.
4.1.1 A Case Study of the Effects of Platform Software Selection on Information System Maintenance Cost ‐ An Example of Enterprise Search System Establishment ‐
Authors: Shimazu Keiko , Mori Kaoru , Morita Souhei , Okumura Yusuke 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnterprise search systems have been focused on since around 2005. However, there are very few case‐study reports/papers how to build enterprise search systems and how to provide their superior cost performance. We propose an importance of maintenance cost for system management, especially after system launch. Search engines, well known as Internet search, are generally employed as middleware of enterprise search systems. We tried an experimental study of estimating the system maintenance cost, in order to validate our assumption; the maintenance cost of enterprise search systems is based on an installation cost of those middleware search engines whose main characteristic is said to be simplicity of installation. We employed multiple search engines and performed experiments. We acquired results that the maintenance cost required for the installation of search engines. The results confirmed that our assumption is true to some extent.