bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights on cold atmospheric plasma treatment of ethidium bromide and its binding to protein BSA
Authors: Reema  , Kakati Nishanta , P Radhakrishnanand , Sankaranarayanan Kamatchi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ethidium bromide (Et-Br) is a dye prevalently used in microbiology laboratories to visualize its binding to DNA under UV light. After usage, the Et-Br thrown from the lab as waste can reach waterbodies and it is toxic not only to aquatic life but also to humankind. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel technology used to degrade various hazardous chemicals as it produces reactive species (ROS/ RNS) which work synergistically to degrade these hazardous chemicals. Molecular docking studies show that Et-Br has strong binding affinity with BSA. Here, to test the efficacy of CAP treatment, the binding interaction of Et-Br with protein Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) before and after CAP treatment has been studied. Herein, various biophysical techniques were used to study interaction of Et-Br with BSA before and after CAP treatment. Our investigation provides insight into the applicability of CAP to degrade hazardous chemicals such as Et-Br with potential environmental applications.
Emergent particles of de Sitter: thermal interpretation of the stochastic formalism and beyond
Authors: Kim TaeHun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A thermal interpretation of the stochastic formalism of a slow-rolling scalar field in de Sitter (dS) is given. We construct a correspondence between Hubble patches of dS and particles living in another space called an abstract space. By assuming a dual description of scalar fields and classical mechanics in the abstract space, we show that the stochastic evolution of the infrared part of the field is equivalent to the Brownian motion in the abstract space filled with a heat bath of massless particles. The 1st slow-roll condition and the Hubble expansion are also reinterpreted in the abstract space as the speed of light and a transfer of conserved energy, respectively. Inspired by this, we sketch quantum emergent particles, which may realize the Hubble expansion by an exponential particle production. This gives another meaning of dS entropy as entropy per Hubble volume.
Analysis of the thermal control system for the 3U CubeSat nanosatellite – “IXAYA”
Authors: Zuñiga-Contreras F D , Farah-Simón A , Ferrer-Perez J A , Gaviria-Arcila D , Valdés-Galicia J F , Sänchez-Guzmán J A , Romo-Fuentes C , Ramírez-Aguilar J A , Chavez-Moreno R G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, space exploration has become increasingly accessible to a diverse array of countries, facilitated in part by CubeSat nanosatellites. These versatile nanosatellites find applications in a wide spectrum of fields, from forest fire detection and meteorological observation to communication systems, particle analysis, and hot spot identification. This article delves into the outcomes of a comprehensive thermal analysis conducted on the IXAYA nanosatellite. The primary mission of this nanosatellite is to identify hot spots in the vicinity of Mexico City. The thermal analysis process entails a meticulous review of each subsystem along with the associated boundary conditions. This study commences with the definition of an optical payload and a thorough assessment of subsystem requirements. Subsequently, we calculate both external and internal thermal loads. With these foundational data points, we progress to ascertain the temperature distribution across the entirety of the satellite, ensuring that all constituent elements remain within their designated operational temperature ranges. In the closing section, we present our findings and conclusions.
Detailed height mapping of trees and buildings (HiTAB) in Chicago and its implications to urban climate studies
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Sharma Ashish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The vertical dimensions of urban morphology, specifically the heights of trees and buildings, exert significant influence on wind flow fields in urban street canyons and the thermal environment of the urban fabric, subsequently affecting the microclimate, noise levels, and air quality. Despite their importance, these critical attributes are less commonly available and rarely utilized in urban climate models compared to planar land use and land cover data. In this study, we explicitly mapped the height of trees and buildings (HiTAB) across the city of Chicago at 1 m spatial resolution using a data fusion approach. This approach integrates high-precision light detection and ranging (LiDAR) cloud point data, building footprint inventory, and multi-band satellite images. Specifically, the digital terrain and surface models were first created from the LiDAR dataset to calculate the height of surface objects, while the rest of the datasets were used to delineate trees and buildings. We validated the derived height information against the existing building database in downtown Chicago and the Meter-scale Urban Land Cover map from the Environmental Protection Agency, respectively. The co-investigation on trees and building heights offers a valuable initiative in the effort to inform urban land surface parameterizations using real-world data. Given their high spatial resolution, the height maps can be adopted in physical-based and data-driven urban models to achieve higher resolution and accuracy while lowering uncertainties. Moreover, our method can be extended to other urban regions, benefiting from the growing availability of high-resolution urban informatics globally. Collectively, these datasets can substantially contribute to future studies on hyper-local weather dynamics, urban heterogeneity, morphology, and planning, providing a more comprehensive understanding of urban environments.
Nonlinear wave propagation in large extra spatial dimensions and the blackbody thermal laws
Authors: Soares I , Turcati R , Duarte S B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear wave propagation in large extra spatial dimensions (on and above d = 2) is investigated in the context of nonlinear electrodynamics theories that depend exclusively on the invariant

F

(
=
−
(
1

/

4
)

F

μ
ν

F

μ
ν

)

. In this vein, we consider propagating waves under the influence of external uniform electric and magnetic fields. Features related to the blackbody radiation in the presence of a background constant electric field such as the generalization of the spectral energy density distribution and the Stefan–Boltzmann law are obtained. Interestingly enough, anisotropic contributions to the frequency spectrum appear in connection to the nonlinearity of the electromagnetic field. In addition, the long wavelength regime and Wien’s displacement law in this situation are studied. The corresponding thermodynamics quantities at thermal equilibrium, such as energy, pressure, entropy, and heat capacity densities are contemplated as well.
Risk management program implementation on low and medium-risk processed food manufacturers to enhance food safety control in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyaningrum F , Priyandani R , Gusti S A A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Risk Management Program (RMP) on food safety is an Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (FDA) initiative to stimulate the self-regulatory control system of food manufacturers. The study was conducted to analyze the association between RMP in low and medium-risk processed food manufacturers through Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) implementation and food testing. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Indonesia through the Indonesian FDA food control in 2022-2023, involving 328 samples of low and medium-risk processed food from 7 food types and identified from a total of 131 manufacturers grouped by RMP implementation. Most of the manufacturers (95.1%) complied with GMP requirements. In line with this, the food test results showed that most of the samples (94.5%) met the standards, as well as the samples from RMP-implemented manufacturers (97.7%). Chi-square analysis revealed there was a significant association between GMP implementation and food test results (p-value<0.05), whereas the RMP implementation did not show a significant association with the food test results (p-value=0.314). Since the RMP was a prestige for manufacturers to gain the trust and recognition of the Indonesian FDA as a regulator in implementing a self-regulatory control system, low and medium-risk processed food manufacturers still implemented RMP.
The morphological performance of indonesian cacao plant as a result of mutation using gamma-ray
Authors: Tresniawati C , Ajijah N , Izzah N K , Firdaus N K , Randriani E , Ibrahim M S D , Puspitasari M , Susilawati  , Sakiroh  , Indriati G , Hasibuan A M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genetic resources can be increased through mutation breeding. The study aimed to determine the LD20 and LD50 information of gamma-ray irradiation on cacao seeds. The research was conducted from January to December 2020 in the greenhouse and the Integrated Laboratory of The Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI). The cacao seeds were obtained from a prospective mother garden belonging to the IIBCRI. Seeds were applied at the Isotope and Radiation Application Center (PAIR) BATAN. Five bulk cacao clone seeds, including Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, MCC 01, MCC 02, and SCA 6, were irradiated at doses of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy. The observed characteristics include the percentage of germination, root length, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, plant height, and leaf shape. Each clone exhibited different LD20 and LD50 values based on the percentage of germination. The LD20 ranged from 5.83 Gy (Sulawesi 1) to 11.79 Gy (SCA 6) and LD50 ranged from 19.58 Gy (Sulawesi 1) to 25.07 Gy (SCA 6). Morphological changes in leaf shape were also observed. Increasing the dose of gammarays decreased the average values of root length, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, and plant height of five cacao clones. The optimal dose of gammaray irradiation for cacao seeds was found to be 20Gy. In the future, cacao mutants will be used as parents in a plant breeding program.
In-vitro test of five cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) F1 hybrids to Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Puspitasari M , Susilawati  , Amaria W , Izzah N K , Tresniawati C , Firdaus N K , Rubiyo  , Pranowo D , Sasmita K D , Aunillah A , Tarigan E Br. , Randriani E , Martono B , Ajijah N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Phytophthora palmivora causes black pod diseases (BPD) in cacao pods and reduces up to 25% of cacao yield. Cacao plant breeding aims to produce superior plants resistant to BPD. This research intended to confirm the pathogen through morphological characteristics and molecular identification, as well as evaluate the resistance level of five cacao F1 hybrids against P. palmivora in-vitro. The morphology of colonies was observed visually and microscopically, while sequencing analysis was performed using primer-specific pairs YPh1F/2R, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Resistance studies were using five cacao F1 hybrids: 8-7 (1), 9-7 (1), 1-11 (1), 5-1 (2), 2-8 (3), and BL 50 as the comparison variety using leaf disc methods. The research findings were Phytophthora sp. colonies on carrot medium showed faster growth than on potato dextrose agar. The microscopic observation showed the presence of pear-shaped spores. Likewise, the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that this pathogen was P. palmivora, with a high similarity of 98.78%. In the in-vitro study, two clones categorized as resistant, with clones 2-8 (3) having the lowest severity score. Other clones, including comparison varieties, have moderately resistant levels. The results are important information in assembling superior cacao clones resistant to P. palmivora.
Valley landau level crossings in weakly coupled bilayer WSe2
Authors: Li Shiwei , Cao Xinyu , Zhang Qi , Huang Yan , Kuang Guangli , Xi Chuanying , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yu Geliang , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
WSe2 is a p-type 2D-semiconductor that can be mechanically exfoliated down to atomic layers. Unlike the Bernal stacked bilayer graphene, the two layers in a bilayer WSe2 flake are weakly coupled. The electric displacement field can easily break the layer degeneracy of the bilayer WSe2. Together with the strong spin–orbit coupling, it exhibits many novel quantum physical properties. In this work, we fabricate high quality dual-gated bilayer WSe2 devices and observe twofold degenerate Landau levels(LLs) and density-dependent quantum Hall states which show transitions between even and odd filling. When introducing carriers into the system from the valence band edge by gating, two WSe2 layers are filled independently and the bottom layer WSe2 shows negative compressibility at the crossover point. Above 9 T, we observe the degeneracy of LLs is completely broken and there are two sets of LL crossings in the top WSe2 layer at Zeeman-to-cyclotron energy ratio

E
Z

/

E
N

≈ 4 and

E
Z

/

E
N

≈ 5. The interplay between two LLs from the two WSe2 layers confirms the weak coupling between them. Our results show that the bilayer WSe2 behave like two closely packed independent electronic systems under electric displacement fields.
Dielectrophoretic direct assembling of Mxene flakes at the level of screen-printed interdigitated microelectrodes and their evaluation in gas sensing applications
Authors: Turcan Ina , Filip Tudor Alexandru , Vlad-Bubulac Tăchiță , Rusu Daniela , Olariu Marius Andrei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Controlling, orientating, and assembling 2D materials is critical for their successful exploitation as active elements in various applications, particularly for sensors. Despite the increased interest in exploiting the properties of MXenes, to date, the direct dielectrophoretic assembly of this category of materials has not been reported. Thus, this work presents an experimental study on dielectrophoretic assembly of pristine MXene flakes at the level of screen-printed interdigitated microelectrodes. The development of MXene uniaxial ‘bridges’ across electrode micro-gaps can be controlled by convenient dielectrophoretic parameters such as voltage and frequency, which are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, appropriate frequencies for avoiding parasitic electrokinetic phenomena (AC electro-osmosis, electrothermal effect) that hamper the application of dielectrophoresis were identified. Finally, the proposed methodology for assembling MXene flakes demonstrates its feasibility of being used for development of chemiresistors as of satisfactory response of pristine MXene ‘bridges’ to ethanol atmosphere.
ZnO/TiO2 photocatalytic nanocomposite for dye and bacteria removal in wastewater
Authors: Truong Hanh Thi , Truong Hai Bang , Nguyen Thuan Chi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites synthesized by the sol–gel method for their potential application in textile wastewater treatment. The physicochemical properties of these materials were comprehensively characterized using various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and UV–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD and XRF analyses confirmed the formation of a ZnO/TiO2 heterostructure. TEM images revealed a quasi-spherical morphology with slight agglomeration. The ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite with a 1:5 molar ratio of Zn(II):Ti(IV) showed the highest BET surface area (91.345 m2 g−1) and the narrowest band gap (Eg = 3.06 eV). This composite demonstrated efficient degradation of methylene blue dye under sunlight irradiation and exhibited 100% antibacterial activity against S. typhi and S. aureus at concentrations ≥5 mg ml−1, indicating its potential for treating textile wastewater.
Computational prediction of dielectric breakdown strength of a transformer paper in oil with uncertainty quantification
Authors: Olsen Daniel , San Martin Luis , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The determination of the dielectric breakdown strengths of microstructurally heterogeneous materials has been a primarily experimental endeavor. We report the development of a microstructure-level model for computationally predicting the breakdown strength and analyzing the interactions between electromagnetic pulses (EMP) and the constituents in a composite of cellulose-based paper and mineral oil found in electrical transformers. The model allows explicit simulation of the material breakdown process by tracking the transition of dielectric constituents from non-conductive to conductive states. The focus is on the electric fields induced in the materials and the overall conditions for dielectric breakdown (defined as the onset of avalanche) caused by the electric field induced in the composite. Responses to three distinct pulse shapes, i.e., Steep Front (SF), Lightning (L), and AC with spectra spanning 60–9 × 105 Hz are considered. It is found that the breakdown strength of the material is significantly affected by microstructure heterogeneities, the spatial variations of the constituent properties, and the pulse shapes. A probabilistic characterization of the breakdown strength is computationally obtained and compared with experimental measurements. Although one particular material is analyzed, the model and approach are applicable to other heterogeneous materials as well.
Causes of the extreme cold event in December 2023 on Eastern China
Authors: Chen Baoxu , Cui Hongyan , Qiao Fangli , Zhang Ziqun , Sun Xiaohui , Gao Chang , Song Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An extreme cold event outbreaks in Eastern China (EC) in December 16–22, 2023. Its maximum intensity (−8.30 °C) and duration (7 days) are in the second place in December during 1980–2023. In Early Stage (December 6–10), surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies reach the highest at 6.77 °C, exceeding mean value by two standard deviations. The variation of SAT anomalies (differences of SAT anomalies between the last day and the first day for a given period) is 0.60 °C. In Development Stage (December 11–15), SAT anomalies begin to decline but remain positive. In Outbreak Stage (December 16–22), the variation of SAT anomalies reaches a minimum of −3.17 °C, reflecting the cooling of EC. From December 1, cold air gradually gathers in Siberia under the influence of Arctic high moving southward. Cold air is locked in Siberia due to negative anomalies of geopotiential height (GH) and the westerlies anomalies between 40°–50°N. On December 11, these negative GH anomalies begin to move southeastward, and the westerlies anomalies weaken to a easterlies. From December 16–22, EC experiences an extreme cold event due to the southward of Arctic high and the eastward of Ural and Okhotsk high. On the basis of the zonal wind index (ZI) phase changes from negative to positive and the jet stream moves southeastward, the strong (weak) jet stream is spotted to block (promote) the southward of cold air. Linear regression shows that negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) conducts to the concentration of cold air in Siberia. Positive Siberia High (SH) pushes cold air to EC. SAT anomalies decrease by 2.29 °C in EC with the increase of 1 unit for SH. In empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, EOF1 (28.07%) is characterized by warm Arctic and cold Siberia (WA-CS), which reflects the effect of SH on the occurrence of extreme cold events.
Investigating state-of-the-art planning strategies for electric vehicle charging infrastructures in coupled transport and power networks: a comprehensive review
Authors: Li Jinhao , Chew Arlena , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a pivotal solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions paving a pathway to net zero. As the adoption of EVs continues to grow, countries are proactively formulating systematic plans for nationwide EV charging infrastructure (EVCI) to keep pace with the accelerating shift towards EVs. This comprehensive review aims to thoroughly examine current global practices in EVCI planning and explore state-of-the-art methodologies for designing EVCI planning strategies. Despite remarkable efforts by influential players in the global EV market, such as China, the United States, and the European Union, the progress in EVCI rollout has been notably slower than anticipated in the rest of the world. This delay can be attributable to three major impediments: inadequate EVCI charging services, low utilization rates of public EVCI facilities, and the non-trivial integration of EVCI into the electric grid. These challenges are intricately linked to key stakeholders in the EVCI planning problem within the context of coupled traffic and grid networks. These stakeholders include EV drivers, transport system operators, and electric grid operators. In addition, various applicable charging technologies further complicate this planning task. This review dissects the interests of these stakeholders, clarifying their respective roles and expectations in the context of EVCI planning. This review also provides insights into level 1, 2, and 3 chargers with explorations of their applications in different geographical locations for diverse EV charging patterns. Finally, a thorough review of node-based and flow-based approaches to EV planning is presented. The modeling of placing charging stations is broadly categorized into set coverage, maximum coverage, flow-capturing, and flow-refueling location models. In conclusion, this review identifies several research gaps, including the dynamic modeling of EV charging demand and the coordination of vehicle electrification with grid decarbonization. This paper calls for further contributions to bridge these gaps and drive the advancement of EVCI planning.
A research agenda to support economic resilience in US oil and gas producing communities
Authors: Raimi Daniel , Kaufman Noah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions will require a transition away from fossil fuels, including oil and natural gas. However, little research has examined the implications of such a transition for the workers and communities who depend on these industries to support local and regional economic wellbeing. In this perspective, we lay out a research agenda that can help inform policymakers as they seek to craft effective policies to support affected communities. We focus on the United States, the world’s largest oil and gas producer, and identify three key policy areas where new scholarship is needed to inform policymaking: economic and workforce development, public finances, and environmental remediation. Although it is not a comprehensive research agenda, we identify dozens of distinct research questions that will require a mix of methods and disciplinary lenses, including basic data gathering, community engagement, program evaluation, policy analysis, political analysis, and more. The goal of this article is to encourage scholars to take up these topics and expand them in the years ahead to ensure that oil and gas communities become more economically resilient in the face of deep uncertainty over the future of the domestic and global energy system.