bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skorohod’s representation theorem for sets of probabilities
Authors: Dumav Martin , Stinchcombe Maxwell 
Published: September 2015

We characterize sets of probabilities,

Π
\boldsymbol {\Pi }

, on a measure space

(
Ω
,

F

)

(\Omega ,\mathcal {F})

, with the following representation property: for every measurable set of Borel probabilities,

A
A

, on a complete separable metric space,

(
M
,
d
)

(M,d)

, there exists a measurable

X
:
Ω
→
M

X:\Omega \rightarrow M

with

A
=
{
X
(
P
)
:
P
∈
Π
}

A = \{X(P): P \in \boldsymbol {\Pi }\}

. If

Π
\boldsymbol {\Pi }

has this representation property, then: if

K
n

→

K
0

K_n \rightarrow K_0

is a sequence of compact sets of probabilities on

M
M

, there exists a sequence of measurable functions,

X
n

:
Ω
→
M

X_n:\Omega \rightarrow M

such that

X
n

(
Π
)
≡

K
n

X_n(\boldsymbol {\Pi }) \equiv K_n

and for all

P
∈
Π

P \in \boldsymbol {\Pi }

,

P
(
{
ω
:

X
n

(
ω
)
→

X
0

(
ω
)
}
)
=
1

P(\{\omega : X_n(\omega ) \rightarrow X_0(\omega )\}) = 1

; if the

K
n

K_n

are convex as well as compact, there exists a jointly measurable

(
K
,
ω
)
↦
H
(
K
,
ω
)

(K,\omega ) \mapsto H(K,\omega )

such that

H
(

K
n

,
Π
)
≡

K
n

H(K_n,\boldsymbol {\Pi }) \equiv K_n

and for all

P
∈
Π

P \in \boldsymbol {\Pi }

,

P
(
{
ω
:
H
(

K
n

,
ω
)
→
H
(

K
0

,
ω
)
}
)
=
1

P(\{\omega : H(K_n,\omega ) \rightarrow H(K_0,\omega )\}) = 1

.
Computational modeling of development by epithelia, mesenchyme and their interactions: a unified model
Authors: Marin-Riera Miquel , Brun-Usan Miguel , Zimm Roland , Välikangas Tommi , Salazar-Ciudad Isaac 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Motivation: The transformation of the embryo during development requires complex gene networks, cell signaling and gene-regulated cell behaviors (division, adhesion, polarization, apoptosis, contraction, extracellular matrix secretion, signal secretion and reception, etc.). There are several models of development implementing these phenomena, but none considers at the same time the very different bio-mechanical properties of epithelia, mesenchyme, extracellular matrix and their interactions.
Results: Here, we present a new computational model and accompanying open-source software, EmbryoMaker, that allows the user to simulate custom developmental processes by designing custom gene networks capable of regulating cell signaling and all animal basic cell behaviors. We also include an editor to implement different initial conditions, mutations and experimental manipulations. We show the applicability of the model by simulating several complex examples of animal development.
Availability and implementation: The source code can be downloaded from: http://www.biocenter.helsinki.fi/salazar/software.html.
Contact: isalazar@mappi.helsinki.fi
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Differentiation and diversity of subsets in group 1 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Seillet Cyril , Belz Gabrielle T. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
NK cells were first identified in 1975 and represent the prototypical group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC). More recently, the discovery of new members of the ILC family has highlighted the complexity of this innate lymphoid lineage. Importantly, it has been recognized that different subsets exist within the group 1 ILC, which have potential roles in mediating immune protection and immunosurveillance, and in regulating tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we review the developmental relationships between the different group 1 ILC, which have been identified to date and discuss how heterogeneity within this expanding family may have arisen.
Dynamic Selection: An Idea Flows Theory of Entry, Trade, and Growth
*
Authors: Sampson Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article develops an idea flows theory of trade and growth with heterogeneous firms. Entrants learn from incumbent firms, and the diffusion technology is such that learning depends not on the frontier technology, but on the entire distribution of productivity. By shifting the productivity distribution upward, selection causes technology diffusion, and in equilibrium this dynamic selection process leads to endogenous growth without scale effects. On the balanced growth path, the productivity distribution is a traveling wave with a lower bound that increases over time. The free entry condition implies trade liberalization must increase the dynamic selection rate to offset the profits from new export opportunities. Consequently, trade integration raises long-run growth. Dynamic selection is a new source of gains from trade not found when firms are homogeneous. Calibrating the model implies dynamic selection approximately triples the gains from trade compared to heterogeneous firm economies with static steady states.
Exact solutions of coupled multispecies linear reaction–diffusion equations on a uniformly growing domain
Authors: Simpson Matthew J , Sharp Jesse A , Morrow Liam C , Baker Ruth E 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEmbryonic development involves diffusion and proliferation of cells, as well as diffusion and reaction of molecules, within growing tissues. Mathematical models of these processes often involve reaction–diffusion equations on growing domains that have been primarily studied using approximate numerical solutions. Recently, we have shown how to obtain an exact solution to a single, uncoupled, linear reaction–diffusion equation on a growing domain, 0< x < L(t), whereL(t) is the domain length. The present work is an extension of our previous study, and we illustrate how to solve a system of coupled reaction–diffusion equations on a growing domain. This system of equations can be used to study the spatial and temporal distributions of different generations of cells within a population that diffuses and proliferates within a growing tissue. The exact solution is obtained by applying an uncoupling transformation, and the uncoupled equations are solved separately before applying the inverse uncoupling transformation to give the coupled solution. We present several example calculations to illustrate different types of behaviour. The first example calculation corresponds to a situation where the initially–confined population diffuses sufficiently slowly that it is unable to reach the moving boundary atx=L(t). In contrast, the second example calculation corresponds to a situation where the initially–confined population is able to overcome the domain growth and reach the moving boundary atx=L(t). In its basic format, the uncoupling transformation at first appears to be restricted to deal only with the case where each generation of cells has a distinct proliferation rate. However, we also demonstrate how the uncoupling transformation can be used when each generation has the same proliferation rate by evaluating the exact solutions as an appropriate limit.
Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model
Authors: Schaufeli Wilmar B. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to integrate leadership into the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Based on self-determination theory, it was argued that engaging leaders who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers would reduce employee’s levels of burnout and increase their levels of work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
– An online survey was conducted among a representative sample of the Dutch workforce (n=1,213) and the research model was tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
– It appeared that leadership only had an indirect effect on burnout and engagement – via job demands and job resources – but not a direct effect. Moreover, leadership also had a direct relationship with organizational outcomes such as employability, performance, and commitment.

Research limitations/implications
– The study used a cross-sectional design and all variables were based on self-reports. Hence, results should be replicated in a longitudinal study and using more objective measures (e.g. for work performance).

Practical implications
– Since engaged leaders, who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers, provide a work context in which employees thrive, organizations are well advised to promote engaging leadership.

Social implications
– Leadership seems to be a crucial factor which has an indirect impact – via job demands and job resources – on employee well-being.

Originality/value
– The study demonstrates that engaging leadership can be integrated into the JD-R framework.
The role of the spouse in managers’ family-related career sensemaking
Authors: Lysova Evgenia I. , Korotov Konstantin , Khapova Svetlana N. , Jansen Paul G. W. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a growing body of literature on the role of family in managers’ career decision making. Specifically, the authors offer an empirical elaboration on a recently proposed concept of the “family-relatedness of work decisions” (FRWD) by illuminating the role of the spouse in managers’ career sensemaking.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 88 managers who were in the final stage of their EMBA program took part in the study. The data were gathered through a personal career inventory.Findings– The findings revealed that next to family-career salience and parent role identification, spouses also play an important role in shaping managers’ family-related career sensemaking.Research limitations/implications– Future research should examine the supportive role of spouses in contexts other than that of an international EMBA. Moreover, researchers should examine the role of managers’ boundary management styles in shaping the degree of their family-related career sensemaking.Practical implications– The paper suggests that when designing and implementing developmental initiatives, organizations should consider that managers’ decisions about their next career steps may be guided by family-related concerns, and the spouse may play a specific role.Originality/value– This paper offers the first empirical exploration and a refinement of the nascent theory of the “FRWD.” It also introduces a new construct into the theory – spousal career support – that opens new avenues for future research.
Service learning in an Indigenous not-for-profit organization
Authors: Young Suzanne , Karme Tina 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of how service learning pedagogy assists in student and organizational learning.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use case study reflection and ethnography approaches.Findings– The key to the success of the internship was time spent on relationship building between the parties, clear documentation of roles and responsibilities, the selection and matching process and open communication between all parties. Using Mezirow’s (1991) transformational learning approach, and Kolb’s (1984) learning framework, it demonstrates an example of perspective transformation where the “unfamiliar” helps participants to question the “familiar”; through embedding learning in relation to culture, values, ownership and identity. Service learning relies on collaborative pedagogy where reflection and relationships with community and educators provide a platform to test students’ values and moral reasoning and build community cultural understanding.Research limitations/implications– The paper includes a single case study and autoethnographic research methodology only.Practical implications– Community-learning activities supplement the course content and embeds learning, broadening the students’ experiences, providing them with an understanding of context, and dealing with complexity to question their own cultural values. In practical terms it provides students with different career opportunities such as in the not-for-profit sector or in advocacy work. Service learning pedagogy enhances graduate capabilities, across many areas including problem solving, values development and community engagement and thinking of the other.Originality/value– The paper reports on and analyses the learning of a service learning internship between a business school and an Indigenous organization. The paper uses a reflection methodology and is written by the University internship co-ordinator (teacher) and an international student intern, whilst drawing on reflections of the Indigenous leader of the not-for-profit organization.
Students’ experiences of ability-based streaming in vocational education
Authors: Tanggaard Lene , Nielsen Klaus , Jørgensen Christian Helms 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Since 2007, it has been mandatory for all vocational schools in Denmark to assess the prior qualifications of all students when they begin at the school and to use this assessment to divide students into different ability-based courses (streaming) with the aim of increasing the retention of students. The purpose of this paper is to explore students’ experiences of being placed on a low-ability course by using case studies of two classes from separate vocational schools in Denmark with different practices regarding the streaming of students.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study draws on theories of student drop-out and engagement (Rumberger, 1993; Finn, 1989) and on the differentiation-polarization theory (Gamoran, 2010) concerning the effects of streaming students into ability-based classes. Two cases are described, representing on the one hand predominately positive experiences of streaming (better relations to teachers and peers) and on the other hand predominately negative experiences of streaming (low teacher expectations and negative peer-learning).

Findings
– The study shows that the two schools have organized streaming differently and that the students have very diverse experiences of being placed in a low-ability class depending on the way the schools organize streaming.

Originality/value
– The paper discusses the basic dilemma that schools face when they have to teach students with very diverse backgrounds and levels of engagement. The study shows that the division of students into separate streams involves a risk of reducing the level of engagement among students in the low-ability courses, but it also suggests how streaming can be organized to increase the engagement of students and possibly reduce their risk of dropping out of vocational education.
The role of senior management in developing and achieving a successful enterprise education programme?
Authors: Lee Kerry , Hebaishi Ghada , Hope John 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The New Zealand Ministry of Education identified that teachers need to be confident they have the support of their school management team before they embrace twenty-first century teaching and learning in enterprise education (Ministry of Education, 2013b). The purpose of this paper is to outline an interpretive case study which investigated the views held by the management of a New Zealand secondary school, well known for enterprise education.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study used semi-structured interviews to investigate what aspects were deemed important by senior management and whether they saw themselves as pivotal in the success of enterprise education.

Findings
– The management team believed their role to be pivotal and that nine aspects were necessary for a successful enterprise programme.

Originality/value
– It is anticipated that the results from this interpretive case study will assist others in their planning, development and success of future quality enterprise education programmes.
Effects of religiosity on consumer attitudes toward Islamic banking in Egypt
Authors: Abou-Youssef Mariam Mourad Hussein , Kortam Wael , Abou-Aish Ehab , El-Bassiouny Noha 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of Islamic religiosity on consumer attitudes toward Islamic banking in Egypt.Design/methodology/approach– The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, employing both qualitative in-depth interviews and quantitative surveys.Findings– The main findings of the study show that religiosity has an impact on consumer attitudes toward Islamic banking in Egypt. Major religiosity clusters were identified from the sample and these were associated with attitudes toward Islamic banking.Practical implications– The findings of this research are of practical importance for marketers in Islamic banks, as they reflect on the likely role religiosity would play in shaping the attitudes of potential customers toward their products. Thus, marketers can use the religiosity scale in measuring intention to use their banking services.Originality/value– The study was implemented in Egypt, where the volume of research on this topic is very limited; thus the context of the study is of value to researchers and practitioners and it can serve as a base for future studies in the Middle East region.
Modeling and analysis of bank customer satisfaction using neural networks approach
Authors: Zeinalizadeh Nooshin , Shojaie Amir Abbas , Shariatmadari Mohammad 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose the application of artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict overall bank customer satisfaction and to prioritize influencing factors on customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data are collected from 436 randomly selected customers at ten different branches of an Iranian bank using a questionnaire consisting of 51 questions. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is done on the collected data to determine those factors that influence customer satisfaction. A multilayer perceptron ANN model is developed using the factor scores from the EFA. The ANN model is trained and validated to predict overall bank customer satisfaction. In addition, a linear regression model is developed to predict customer satisfaction. Prediction accuracy of the ANN model is compared with that of the linear regression model. The developed ANN is then used to compare sensitivity of customer satisfaction to each influencing factor.

Findings
– Nine different influencing factors are extracted by EFA. The factors include Fees and Loans, Prompt Service, Appearance, Technological Service, Responsiveness, Reliability and Trustworthiness, Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors, Accessibility to Bank and Availability of Service, and Interest Rates. Training and validation results show that the ANN model has 73 percent higher accuracy compared to the linear regression model in predicting overall bank customer satisfaction. Factor prioritization results show that Fees and Loans, Appearance, and Prompt Service have the highest impact on customer satisfaction, respectively; interest rate and accessibility to bank and availability of service are the least dominant factors influencing overall bank customer satisfaction.

Practical implications
– This study proposes a more reliable and accurate methodology to predict customer satisfaction when compared with regression-based methods. ANN can also be utilized by bank management systems to prioritize different influencing factors that affect the satisfaction level of bank customers.

Originality/value
– This paper advances the knowledge on bank customer satisfaction by proposing application of artificial intelligence methods. A case study is discussed and results of the application of an ANN are compared with those of a commonly used statistical regression model.
Inter-organisational relationship trust repair: a ranked Delphi study with UK professionals
Authors: Crossley Benjamin James 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide practical knowledge on how to repair trust within inter-organisational relationships (IORs), and to compare that knowledge to present academic research. IORs have an alarming failure rate upwards of 60 per cent. Although the breakdown of trust is a well-documented critical component of their failure, specific research on IOR trust repair is limited.Design/methodology/approach– The research applied a ranked Delphi study utilising UK professionals’ expertise in IOR management.Findings– The results provide two practical frameworks and several new methods for IOR trust repair; furthermore, they demonstrate consistency between professionally adopted IOR trust repair methods and those proposed academically.Research limitations/implications– The study ' s primary limitations resulted from being conducted at the lower end of its operating window, and only with panellists interested in trust repair. The implications for research are to direct investigations to the new IOR trust repair methods and to test when professionals would undertake trust repair methods.Practical implications– The IOR trust repair frameworks can be utilised retrospectively as a tool kit to repair damaged relationships. Additionally, they can be proactively embedded in IOR contract documentation, whereby parties agree to enact and abide by the frameworks, should relations deteriorate, before proceeding down legal avenues.Originality/value– This paper offers the first contribution from the UK professional community on IOR trust repair; they have provided new research areas for academics as well as practicable, pertinent frameworks for professionals.
When statutes collide: potential recovery of own party adjudication costs
Authors: Hetherton Tony , Charlson Jennifer 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the potential recovery of own party adjudication costs under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Regulations 2013. The investigation directly applies to England and Wales, but may be relevant to other jurisdictions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The interaction between The Late Payment of Commercial Debts Regulations 2013 (derived from European Directive 2011/7/EU on combating late payment in commercial transactions) and the Local Democracy et al. 2009 including reference to case law was explored. A qualitative research framework was used to collect primary data through semi-structured interviews with experienced construction industry adjudication professionals.

Findings
– It was discovered that adjudicators are awarding own party costs under the Regulations, but there was disagreement on the issues in both the literature and amongst the interviewees.

Research limitations/implications
– A definitive judgment is awaited from the Technology and Construction Court.

Originality/value
– This paper will be of value to construction industry adjudication professionals.
The matching of motivations to affordances among Maltese elected local government volunteers
Authors: Bezzina Frank , Cassar Vincent , Azzopardi Joseph G. , McKiernan Peter 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to both understand the motives for volunteering in local government (a strong/structured context) and determine how such motivation and other demographics interact with organisational contexts to influence volunteering outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– The study adopts a functional approach to volunteerism. The Volunteer Functions Inventory is modified to better assess the motivations of elected local government volunteers. The responses of 152 Maltese local councillors were used to answer four research questions empirically.Findings– Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the introduction of a seventh VFI dimension, namely the political function. The study provides evidence that local councillors who received greater amounts of functionally relevant benefits reported more satisfaction and a stronger intention to continue volunteering in local government. The aggregated effect of multiple motives as well as other person-based determinants (marital status and education) produced a significant impact on volunteering outcomes in this strong/structured situational context of this public sector environment.Originality/value– This study contributes to a better understanding and assessment of the motivations of elected local government volunteers. It addresses practical recommendations for sustaining civil society, while acknowledging the potential and contribution of volunteers with various demographic characteristics.