bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Eye and Adnexal Tissues in Dogs and Wolves: A Histological and Lectin-Histochemical Approach
Authors: López Abel Diz , Torres Mateo V. , Gómez Fabio Martínez , López-Beceiro Ana , Fidalgo Luis , Sanchez-Quinteiro Pablo , Ortiz-Leal Irene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the ocular anatomy and glandular components of domestic dogs compared to their ancestor, the wolf, with the aim of identifying evolutionary changes due to domestication and their implications for ocular pathologies. Utilizing histological and histochemical techniques, including hematoxylin-eosin, PAS, Alcian Blue, and lectins, this research conducts a detailed analysis of the canine and wolf ocular systems, particularly focusing on the eyelids, tarsal glands, and conjunctival tissues. Results indicate significant histological differences between the two species, particularly in the thickness and secretion levels of the conjunctival epithelia and the structure of the tarsal glands. Dogs exhibit a thicker epithelium with greater PAS and Alcian Blue positive secretion, suggesting enhanced ocular protection and lubrication adapted to domestic environments. Conversely, wolves display more concentrated glandular secretions and a predominance of acidic mucopolysaccharides, aligning with their adaptation to natural habitats. This study also highlights the translational value of dogs as models for human ocular diseases, given their anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. Such comparisons are essential as they provide insights that can lead to advancements in medical research and clinical applications, especially in the development of treatments for ocular surface disorders.
Rapid oxygen titration following cardiopulmonary resuscitation mitigates cerebral overperfusion and striatal mitochondrial dysfunction in asphyxiated newborn lambs
Authors: Badurdeen Shiraz , Galinsky Robert , Roberts Calum T. , Crossley Kelly J. , Zahra Valerie A. , Thiel Alison , Pham Yen , Davis Peter G. , Hooper Stuart B. , Polglase Graeme R. , Camm Emily J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAsphyxiated neonates must have oxygenation rapidly restored to limit ongoing hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, the effects of transient hyperoxia after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) are poorly understood. We randomly allocated acutely asphyxiated, near-term lambs to cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 100% oxygen (“standard oxygen”, n=8) or air (n=7) until 5 minutes after ROSC, or to resuscitation in 100% oxygen immediately weaned to air upon ROSC (“rapid-wean”, n=7). From 5 minutes post-ROSC, oxygen was titrated to target preductal oxygen saturation between 90-95%. Cerebral tissue oxygenation was transiently but markedly elevated following ROSC in the standard oxygen group compared to the air and rapid-wean groups. The air group had a delayed rise in cerebral tissue oxygenation from 5 minutes after ROSC coincident with up-titration of oxygen. These alterations in oxygen kinetics corresponded with similar overshoots in cerebral perfusion (pressure and flow), indicating a physiological mechanism. Transient cerebral tissue hyperoxia in the standard oxygen and air groups resulted in significant alterations in mitochondrial respiration and dynamics, relative to the rapid-wean group. Overall, rapid-wean of oxygen following ROSC preserved striatal mitochondrial respiratory function and reduced the expression of genes involved in free radical generation and apoptosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to limit cerebral reperfusion injury.
Imaging of developing human brains with ex vivo PSOCT and dMRI
Authors: Wang Hui , Blanke Nathan , Gong Dayang , Ortug Alpen , Alatorre Warren Jose Luis , Clickner Christopher , Ammon William , Nolan Jackson , Cotronis Zoe , van der Kouwe Andre , Takahashi Emi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe human brain undergoes substantial developmental changes in the first five years of life. Particularly in the white matter, myelination of axons occurs near birth and continues at a rapid pace during the first 2 to 3 years. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has revolutionized our understanding of developmental trajectories in white matter. However, the mm-resolution ofin vivotechniques bears significant limitation in revealing the microstructure of the developing brain. Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) is a three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging technique that uses polarized light interferometry to target myelinated fiber tracts with micrometer resolution. Previous studies have shown that PSOCT contributes significantly to the elucidation of myelin content and quantification of fiber orientation in adult human brains. In this study, we utilized the PSOCT technique to study developing brains during the first 5 years of life in combination with ex vivo dMRI. The results showed that the optical properties of PSOCT quantitatively reveal the myelination process in young children. The imaging contrast of the optic axis orientation is a sensitive measure of fiber orientations in largely unmyelinated brains as young as 3-months-old. The micrometer resolution of PSOCT provides substantially enriched information about complex fiber networks and complements submillimeter dMRI. This new optical tool offers great potential to reveal the white matter structures in normal neurodevelopment and developmental disorders in unprecedented detail.
CardioMEA: Comprehensive Data Analysis Platform for Studying Cardiac Diseases and Drug Responses
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Duperrex Eliane , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Hohn Alyssa , Saguner Ardan M. , Duru Firat , Emmenegger Vishalini , Cyganek Lukas , Hierlemann Andreas , Ulusan Hasan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, high-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs) have emerged as a valuable tool in preclinical research for characterizing the electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). HD-MEAs enable the capturing of both extracellular and intracellular signals on a large scale, while minimizing potential damage to the cell. However, a gap exists between technological advancements of HD-MEAs and the availability of effective data-analysis platforms. To address this need, we introduce CardioMEA, a comprehensive data-analysis platform designed specifically for HD-MEA data that have been obtained from iPSC-CMs. CardioMEA features scalable data processing pipelines and an interactive web-based dashboard for advanced visualization and analysis. In addition to its core functionalities, CardioMEA incorporates modules designed to discern crucial electrophysiological features between diseased and healthy iPSC-CMs. Notably, CardioMEA has the unique capability to analyze both extracellular and intracellular signals, thereby facilitating customized analyses for specific research tasks. We demonstrate the practical application of CardioMEA by analyzing electrophysiological signals from iPSC-CM cultures exposed to seven antiarrhythmic drugs. CardioMEA holds great potential as an intuitive, user-friendly platform for studying cardiac diseases and assessing drug effects.
Unraveling the Role of Azobenzene-Based Photoswitchable Lipids in Controlling Innate Immune Response
Authors: Delova Anastasiia , Makhloutah Aline , Bernhard Yann , Pasc Andreea , Monari Antonio 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTControlling the activation of the innate immune response, particularly through the use of suitable visible light sources, could pave the way for the development of innovative phototimmunotherapeutic strategies. In this contribution, we investigate the effects of the E/Z isomerization on a phosphatidylserine lipid containing an isomerizable azobenzene moiety, which has recently been shown to regulate the activation of natural killer cells and the production of cytokines [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 3863−3874]. Specifically, we examine how this isomerization affects interactions with the innate immune system’s TIM-3 receptors. Using long-range molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling, we demonstrate that the Z isomer leads to a shallower binding and a less pronounced rigidification of the protein compared to the E isomer and the native lipid, which explains the less pronounced activation of the immune response.TOC GRAPHIC
MicroRNA miR-92b-3p regulation of a cardiovascular gene regulatory network in the developing branchial arches
Authors: Goldsworthy Sian , Losa Marta , Bobola Nicoletta , Griffiths-Jones Sam 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTVertebrate branchial arches (BAs) are a developmental paradigm, undergoing coordinated differentiation and morphogenesis to form various adult derivative tissues. MicroRNAs can strengthen gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to promote developmental stability. To interrogate the contribution of microRNAs to BA development, we generated a novel microRNA-sequencing dataset from mouse BAs. We identified 550 expressed microRNAs, of which approximately 20% demonstrate significant differential expression across BA domains. The three most posterior BAs and the connecting outflow tract (PBA/OFT) are enriched in biological processes linked to cardiovascular development. We identified enriched predicted microRNA-target interactions with PBA/OFT upregulated cardiovascular genes and validated transcripts encoding for two fundamental cardiac transcription factors (TFs),Gata6andTbx20,as targets of miR-92b-3p. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-92b-3p can downregulate endogenousGATA6andTBX20in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) undergoing cardiomyocyte differentiation, consistent with conservation of these microRNA-target interactions in a cardiogenic setting. miR-92b-3p has previously been shown to target two other cardiac TFs,Hand2andMef2D.Therefore, we hypothesise that miR-92b-3p acts to stabilise cardiovascular GRNs during PBA/OFT development, through acting in multiple microRNA-mediated coherent feedforward loops.
MACanalyzeR: scRNA-seq Analysis Tool Reveals PPARγHI Lipid-Associated Macrophages Facilitate Thermogenic Expansion in BAT
Authors: Ninni Andrea , Zaccaria Fabio , Verteramo Luca , Sciarretta Francesca , Silveira Loreana Sanches , Rosa-Neto José Cesar , Grumati Paolo , Rizzo Giuseppe , Cochain Clement , Williams Jesse W. , Ivanov Stoyan , Zhou Beiyan , Aquilano Katia , Lettieri-Barbato Daniele 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTMacrophages in brown adipose tissue (BAT) play a complex role in regulating its activity. However, the role of macrophages in regulating BAT activation/deactivation has not yet been comprehensively characterized. To elucidate this, we developed MACanalyzeR, a scRNAseq-based tool specifically designed to explore the macrophage features at molecular and metabolic level. MACanalyzeR was applied in scRNA-seq datasets obtained from BAT with thermogenic loss (db/db mice) and activation (High Fat Diet, HFD). Our computational approach revealed that macrophages accumulating in BAT upon these conditions resemble lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) with foaming-like features. BAT LAMs also show a significant enrichment of genes associated with mitochondria and lysosomes. Interestingly, LAMs identified in BAT from HFD mice positively correlate with thermogenic genes and exhibit an enrichment in PPARγsignaling pathway, with an activated mitochondrial metabolism. Cell dynamic strategy, revealed that LAM with highPpargexpression levels (PpargHIGH) progressively accumulate during skeletal muscle regeneration, suggesting a potential role for this LAM subcluster in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Our findings suggestPpargHIGHLAMs as a subclass of macrophages potentially contributing in preserving tissue homeostasis associated with high energy demand conditions such as thermogenic and regenerative stimuli.
Understanding the factors that motivate South African home fibre users to protect their home networking devices: a protection motivation theory
Authors: Tekeni Luzuko , Botha Reinhardt A. 
Published: July 2024

PurposeAs home users are increasingly responsible for securing their computing devices and home networks, there is a growing need to develop interventions to assist them in protecting their home networking devices, which are vulnerable to attack. To this end, this paper aims to examine the motivating factors that drive South African fibre users to protect their home networking devices.Design/methodology/approachUsing the protection motivation theory as the primary framework, a measurement instrument comprising 53 questionnaire items was developed to measure 13 constructs. The study collected empirical data from a sample of 392 South African home fibre users and evaluated the research model using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe evaluation showed a good fit, with 12 out of 15 predicted hypotheses being accepted for the final research model, contributing to the understanding of the factors that motivate home users to protect their home networking devices.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to model the factors that drive South African home fibre users to protect their home networking devices. Knowing these factors could help home internet service providers and security software vendors of home products to develop security interventions that could assist home fibre users to secure their home networking devices.
Managing paradoxes in the public sector: a systematic and problematizing review of macro-level concepts
Authors: Schädeli Daniela , Ritz Adrian 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis article investigates different terms and concepts of paradox dimensions in Public Administration because these terms are often used interchangeably. The aim is to reveal the theoretically based macro-level concepts and establish a common ground for a shared dialogue about managing paradoxes in the field.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses a complementary review approach. First, a systematic literature review is executed to identify the macro-level paradox concepts and to capture their theoretical common ground. Second, the problematizing literature review aims to reflect Public Administration literature with literature from outside the field, mainly from Organization Studies and General Management.FindingsFor the most part, the macro-level paradox concepts in Public Administration are used to illustrate the context or situation of another research topic, rather than as standalone theories to be conceptually or empirically explored. In 63 out of 589 articles, we found a theoretical definition of the mentioned macro-level paradox concept. This definition refers mainly to the sources of paradoxical situations and focuses less on the decisions and reactions thereto. Based on the review findings, an analytical model for the management of paradoxical situations in the public sector is provided and applied, followed by recommendations for further research.Originality/valueThis article aims to combine the macro-level paradox concepts in Public Administration with the insights of Paradox Theory and reveals that paradoxes could be a core topic in the field. Scholars in Public Administration could approach paradoxical situations from their own perspective while simultaneously strengthening the field’s identity by encouraging multiperspectivity.
How do firms’ respond during recession – a review and future research agenda
Authors: K.N. Harini , Thomas Manoj T. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Over the years, the impact of the business cycle on firm strategy has been neglected in the area of strategic management and remains one of the most important but least developed research streams in management scholarship. Studies in this area are scattered across time and domains, therefore, there is a need to consolidate this fragmented literature to provide a comprehensive review and thus avenues for further research. This study aims to address this gap.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the systematic literature review (SLR) method is used to select and examine research articles in the area of firm responses and decisions during recession. This SLR examines 127 studies and carries out a thematic synthesis of the literature.

Findings
Based on the SLR and thematic synthesis of the literature, the themes identified in this study include – severity of recession impact (Theme 1); firm specific characteristics (Theme 2); resource adjustment activities (Theme 3); and firm performance (Theme 4), based on these themes and analysis this paper maps and proposes various relationships and linkages in this research domain that can be explored further for the development of scholarship in this field of study.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills the need for a systematic review of the extant literature on firms’ responses during recession. The study synthesizes literature and carries out a thematic analysis from 1980 till the period February 2024 to provide directions to advance this domain of literature.
Artificial intelligence and unemployment dynamics: an econometric analysis in high-income economies
Authors: Masoud Najeb 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and data science (DS) on unemployment rates across ten high-income economies from 2015 to 2023.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes a unique approach by employing a dynamic panel data (DPD) model with a generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator to address potential biases. The methodology includes extensive validation through Sargan, Hansen, and Arellano-Bond tests, ensuring the robustness of the results and adding a novel perspective to the field of AI and unemployment dynamics.FindingsThe study’s findings are paramount, challenging prevailing concerns in AI, ML, and DS, demonstrating an insignificant impact on unemployment and contradicting common fears of job loss due to these technologies. The analysis also reveals a positive correlation (0.298) between larger government size and higher unemployment, suggesting bureaucratic inefficiencies that may hinder job growth. Conversely, a negative correlation (−0.201) between increased labour productivity and unemployment suggests that technological advancements can promote job creation by enhancing efficiency. These results refute the notion that technology inherently leads to job losses, positioning AI and related technologies as drivers of innovation and expansion within the labour market.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s findings suggest a promising outlook, positioning AI as a catalyst for the expansion and metamorphosis of employment rather than solely a catalyst for automation and job displacement. This insight presents a significant opportunity for AI and related technologies to improve labour markets and strategically mitigate unemployment. To harness the benefits of technological progress effectively, authorities and enterprises must carefully evaluate the balance between government spending and its impact on unemployment. This proposed strategy can potentially reinvent governmental initiatives and stimulate investment in AI, thereby bolstering economic and labour market reliability.Originality/valueThe results provide significant perspectives for policymakers and direct further investigations on the influence of AI on labour markets. The analysis results contradict the common belief of technology job loss. The study’s results are shown to be reliable by the Sargan, Hansen, and Arellano-Bond tests. It adds to the discussion on the role of AI in the future of work, proposing a detailed effect of AI on employment and promoting a strategic method for integrating AI into the labour market.
Validation of erosion wear models for a stainless steel automobile exhaust manifold
Authors: Kona Srikar Sarma , Dugala Navdeep Sharma , Singh Gurmeet 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the erosion wear rate of a stainless steel automobile exhaust manifold, both computationally and physically.

Design/methodology/approach
The experiment was performed on a motorcycle exhaust manifold as well as on a 3D model, created using SolidWorks 2022 CAD software. The analysis was later achieved using ANSYS 19.2 simulation software using Fluent – code.

Findings
The analysis of solid particle erosion in the exhaust manifold revealed that erosion wear is concentrated predominantly at the extrados of the manifold, with the most significant wear occurring at the lowermost bend. The erosion wear rate increases with larger particulate sizes and varies among bends, with negligible wear observed in straight pipes. The SEM analysis further confirmed surface degradation, with rugged textures, pits and grooves indicating abrasive wear. Spine-like structures and fractured soot particles suggest erosive and abrasive forces caused by high-speed contact of exhaust gas compounds. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed significant carbon abundance, indicating carbonaceous compounds from fuel combustion, along with notable amounts of oxygen and iron, typical of oxidized metallic constituents. The discrete phase modeling (DPM) analysis highlighted peak particulate matter deposition at the first bend exit, with maximum concentrations observed at specific angles. This deposition is influenced by centrifugal force, leading to increased PM concentration at outer bend walls. Velocity magnitude contours showed asymmetrical flow profiles, with high turbulence levels and secondary flow induced by centrifugal effects in bend areas. Dynamic pressure contours revealed varying pressures at intrados and extrados, with maximum pressure observed at the intrados of the manifold’s bends. These findings provide valuable insights into erosion wear, particulate dispersion and flow dynamics within the exhaust manifold.

Originality/value
The study investigated an automobile exhaust manifold model using ANSYS Fluent code and DPM to analyze erosion wear rate phenomena and its various constituents. This analysis was conducted in comparison with a physically eroded sample. The study offers insights into the mechanism underlying the exhaust manifold of an automobile.