bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal‐group membership influences children's responses to novel experience with group members
Authors: Schug Mariah G. , Shusterman Anna , Barth Hilary , Patalano Andrea L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChildren, like adults, tend to prefer ingroup over outgroup individuals, but how this group bias affects children's processing of information about social groups is not well understood. In this study, 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children were assigned to artificial groups. They observed instances of ingroup and outgroup members behaving in either a positive (egalitarian) or a negative (stingy) manner. Observations of positive ingroup and negative outgroup behaviors reliably reduced children's liking of novel outgroup members, while observations of negative ingroup and positive outgroup behaviors had little effect on liking ratings. In addition, children successfully identified the more generous group only when the ingroup was egalitarian and the outgroup stingy. These data provide compelling evidence that children treat knowledge of and experiences with ingroups and outgroups differently, and thereby differently interpret identical observations of ingroup versus outgroup members.
Is Foreign Immigration the Solution to Rural Depopulation? The Case of Catalonia (1996–2009)
Authors: Bayona‐i‐Carrasco Jordi , Gil‐Alonso Fernando 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article analyses, from a demographic perspective, how foreign immigration has affected Catalan municipalities under 1000 inhabitants. After decades losing population, this group of villages is, despite its on‐going negative natural growth rate, recently regaining population due to immigration. Nevertheless, not all these municipalities have followed the same path. The local population register or Padrón has been used to build a typology which classifies these villages on the basis of their Spanish and foreign population growth between 1996 and 2009. Results show that, despite practically all of them receiving foreign immigrants, approximately half still decrease in population or have poor increases. Therefore, the international immigration boom has emphasised the spatial dichotomy between a few dynamic rural areas and the rest, which largely occupy inland Catalonia. Only tourist municipalities, mainly receiving foreign immigrants, and those located near urban centres, basically benefiting from Spanish nationality suburban flows, have been able to clearly put an end to depopulation.
Religiosity and Social Network Diversity: Decomposing the “Divided by Faith” Theoretical Framework
Authors: Porter Jeremy R. , Emerson Michael O. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesOur objective is to extend previous structural explanations of religious belonging and denominational variations concerning “closed communities” and the “divided by faith” thesis to the individual level by testing the effect of religious affiliation and church membership on levels of self‐reported social network diversity among a nationally representative sample.MethodsSurvey data from the Panel Study—American Religion and Ethnicity (PS‐ARE) were used to examine individual‐level variations in social network diversity. A multifaceted measure of diversity was decomposed to examine racial, gender, educational, and occupational variations in network diversity using a series of hierarchical linear models.ResultsOur results show that while previous structural explanations suggest that religious belonging is likely to lower the diversity of one's close social network at the individual level, the current findings indicate a positive relationship between religious membership and the diversity of one's close friendship network above and beyond the effects of denominational affiliation.ConclusionsThe results of the decomposition component analyses along with the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) strategy highlight the relatively distinct role of race in understanding the differing dynamics associated with the many indicators of diversity and religious belonging.
Migration and the Gendered Origin of Migrant Networks Among Couples in Mexico
Authors: Creighton Mathew J. , Riosmena Fernando 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesWe investigate how the matrilineal versus patrilineal origin of Mexican couples’ migrant networks are associated with the aspirations to migrate and the subsequent migration behavior of each spouse.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (2002–2005) on 3,923 married couples across 139 municipalities, we estimate multilevel logistic regressions predicting aspirations to migrate to the United States for each spouse and the subsequent migration behavior of the couple in the interwave period.ResultsThe networks of both ego and spouse are associated with U.S. migration aspirations although they matter more for the person from which they originate. Only matrilineal networks predicted a subsequent move to the United States. for men and women/couples who were assessed jointly.ConclusionMatrilineal networks are instrumental in the migration process, particularly of the couple. As such, they could prove instrumental in helping understand the migration motivations and dynamics of individuals and families.
Pushing “Reset”: The Conditional Effects of Coaching Replacements on College Football Performance
Authors: Adler E. Scott , Berry Michael J. , Doherty David 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesWe assess the effects of coaching replacements on college football team performance.MethodsUsing data from 1997 to 2010, we use matching techniques to compare the performance of football programs that replaced their head coach to those where the coach was retained. The analysis has two major innovations over existing literature. First, we consider how entry conditions moderate the effects of coaching replacements. Second, we examine team performance for several years following the replacement to assess its effects.ResultsWe find that for particularly poorly performing teams, coach replacements have little effect on team performance as measured against comparable teams that did not replace their coach. However, for teams with middling records—that is, teams where entry conditions for a new coach appear to be more favorable—replacing the head coach appears to result in worse performance over subsequent years than comparable teams who retained their coach.ConclusionsThe findings have important implications for our understanding of how entry conditions moderate the effects of leadership succession on team performance, and suggest that the relatively common decision to fire head college football coaches for poor team performance may be ill advised.
Systemic sclerosis – focus on dermatological aspects. Part 2: Diagnostics, therapy
Authors: Sticherling Michael 
Published: October 2012

SummarySystemic sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory multiorgan disease which may involve the skin and internal organs to a varying extent. Pathogenetically the vasculature, connective tissue and the immune system are involved in a yet to be defined sequence and impact. Case history and results of physical as well as laboratory examinations will determine individually adapted further organ imaging or invasive procedures. Based on their results therapy is initiated which may include supportive measures such as physiotherapy as well as basic skin care and avoidance of any trauma. Many agents are available for the circulatory problems including Raynaud phenomenon and digital ulcers such as calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors and intravenous prostacyclin derivatives, as well as endothelin receptor blockers and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents are of varying efficacy depending on organ involvement. Though various therapeutic measures are available, beneficial effects are limited and associated with various unwanted effects. In any case, the therapy has to be individually adapted to the disease stage and course of the disease.
Cell‐based therapies for epidermolysis bullosa – from bench to bedside
Authors: Uitto Jouni , Has Cristina , Bruckner‐Tuderman Leena 
Published: October 2012

SummarySignificant progress has been made over the past two decades in molecular genetics of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a group of heritable blistering disorders, with diagnostic and prognostic implications. More recently, novel molecular approaches have been developed towards potential treatment of EB, with emphasis on gene‐, protein‐, and cell‐based strategies. This overview highlights cell‐based approaches that have recently been tested in pilot clinical trials, attesting to the potential of regenerative medicine for blistering skin diseases.
Disparate Outcomes: The Quest for Uniform Treatment of Immigrant Children
Authors: Mandelbaum Randi , Steglich Elissa 
Published: October 2012

Increasingly, immigrants and immigration issues are present in family court practice. One underutilized protection available to provide relief to abused, abandoned, and neglected immigrant youth is Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS). After providing an overview of the law and regulations concerning SIJS, this article presents the challenges that immigrant youth face in seeking SIJS. By focusing on one hypothetical child, we illustrate how children are treated differently based upon how the child came to this country, what happened once the child arrived here, and whether and when child welfare agency involvement was triggered. Often children who lived through very similar abuse or neglect circumstances will have very different immigration outcomes depending on whether they were found to be in need of state care, as compared to those outside the system (residing with a relative caregiver, homeless, or simply unable to access the child welfare system). In short, a youth's ability to access state courts and secure the necessary state court findings is often left to chance and happenstance. We propose several strategies to increase both flexibility and uniformity as to how these matters are handled by our state courts. Among our recommendations are the need for increased training (both general and SIJS focused), the development of model and standardized policies and tools, and legislative reform.
Practitioner's Key Points:
Provides a definition and overview of Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS)
Explains the challenges of immigrant youth, practitioners and judges in establishing eligibility for SIJS for children in need
Offers concrete scenarios to illustrate the problem
Explores solutions that have been implemented in certain jurisdictions, such as training programs, uniform court practices, and special legislation, to facilitate the state court role in SIJS

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
SIJS provides immigration relief to abused, abandoned, neglected, and other children in need—eligibility depends on special state court findings
All SIJS‐eligible children do not have the same ability to access the state courts for relief and to secure the special findings, which leads to many children remaining vulnerable to deportation
Several states have used training, uniform screening tools, model orders, and legislation to reduce the disparate treatment of eligible children depending on their custody circumstances
Additional state and federal reforms can further ensure that all eligible children have access to the state courts and are identified as SIJS‐eligible
Ethical Advocacy for Immigrant Survivors of Family Crisis
Authors: Liebmann Theo 
Published: October 2012

The involvement of family courts in the lives of youth and families creates significant opportunities for advocates to assist their clients with immigration‐related issues. Informed and effective advocacy on these issues in family court can make life‐changing, and even life‐saving, differences for immigrants. More specifically, immigration issues are germane to family court because certain vital avenues of immigration relief available to survivors of abuse, neglect, abandonment, and other forms of family crisis explicitly depend on findings, orders, and certifications that are issued in the context of family court proceedings. After describing these forms of relief, and the family court's role in immigrants’ access to them, this essay analyzes how ethical mandates related to client counseling, representational goals, and competence affirmatively require family court practitioners to provide advice and advocacy related to these collateral benefits to family court proceedings.
Key Points for Family Court Community:
The involvement of family courts in the lives of youth and families creates significant opportunities for advocates to assist their clients with immigration‐related issues
Certain vital avenues of immigration relief available to survivors of abuse, neglect, abandonment, and other forms of family crisis explicitly depend on findings, orders, and certifications that are issued in the context of family court proceedings
The substance of immigration‐related findings in family court, and their ultimate affect on family stability, are consistent with the core family court goal of supporting safety, well‐being, and permanency for children and families
Ethical mandates related to client counseling, representational goals, and competence affirmatively require family court practitioners to provide advice and advocacy related to these collateral benefits to family court proceedings
Transformation: the Progression of Immigration Petitions for Transgender Spouses
Authors: Cintron Elanie J. 
Published: October 2012

U.S. citizens who marry foreign nationals may petition for their spouses so that the couple can reside permanently together in the United States. The guidelines set forth in the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Adjudicator's Field Manual provide guidance to immigration officials for determining whether to grant or deny spousal petitions. Previously, the Adjudicator's Field Manual imposed a requirement that transgender individuals undergo costly and dangerous sex reassignment surgery in order to qualify as married for the purposes of a spousal petition. However, revisions to the Adjudicator's Field Manual issued in April 2012 provide transgender binational couples the opportunity to remain together in the United States without forcing one partner to undergo sex reassignment surgery. Given the history of discrimination against transgender individuals under U.S. immigration law, these revisions are a significant step in equality for transgender couples. Although these revisions provide many transgender binational couples with a means to remain together in the United States, this Note proposes that, to continue on the path toward equality for transgender couples, special guidelines should not be applied to marriages involving transgender partners if their marriage is deemed a valid heterosexual marriage in the state where solemnized. The goals of U.S. immigration law and compliance with the federal definition of marriage can be achieved without implementing individualized guidelines for transgender binational couples.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Transgender spouses of a binational couple should not be subjected to additional guidelines when submitting spousal petitions that, if granted, would afford the couple the opportunity to reside together in the United States
Transgender individuals should not be subjected to disparate treatment solely because the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services seeks to enforce discriminatory provisions of the Defense of Marriage Act
A marriage should be recognized by immigration law if it is a valid marriage under the law of the state where the marriage was celebrated
In order to achieve U.S. immigration law's mission of family unification, nontraditional couples should be afforded the same opportunity to remain together in the United States without additional scrutiny
Influence of Genotypic Variations on Antioxidant Properties in Different Fractions of Tomato
Authors: Chandra Harish Mani , Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan , Srinivasan Balamurugan , Ramalingam Sathishkumar 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant potential of phytochemicals present in 15 commercially important tomato genotypes specifically developed for growing in different geographical regions (high altitude and plain). Antioxidant components of tomatoes, namely lycopene, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, quenching capacity of free radicals, and titratable acidity were analyzed in skin, pulp and seed fractions of the tomato fruits. Results of our study revealed that the antioxidant potency of tomato fruit fractions were in the order of Skin>Pulp>Seeds. Lycopene, anthocyanin content and free radical quenching ability was higher in the high altitude cultivars, whereas total phenolics, ascorbic acid and titratable acidity were seen higher in the plain region cultivars. In general, the outcome of this study showed that, the high altitude cultivars (Sindhu and Shalimar) were superior in antioxidant capacities. In conclusion, with this study it could be established that genetic factors play an important role in determining the antioxidants level and activity of the tomato genotypes and hence it is very important to select the right genotype to get the maximum health benefit.Practical Application:  Phytochemicals present in the tomatoes are the major determinants of antioxidant potency of the fruits. To study the effect of genotype, it is necessary to grow the cultivars in ideal condition to assess the antioxidants level and activity, to select the right genotype for human consumption that gives better physiological benefit to the consumer.
Trout‐Skin Gelatin‐Based Edible Films Containing Phenolic Antioxidants: Effect on Physical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Cod‐Liver Oil Model Food
Authors: Tammineni Nageshwar , Ünlü Gülhan , Rasco Barbara , Powers Joseph , Sablani Shyam , Nindo Caleb 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  Trout‐skin (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gelatin‐based films containing antioxidants (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 50 and 250 ppm w/w) and green tea powder (1% and 20% w/w of gelatin) were tested for tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation, and oxygen and water vapor transmission rates, in vitro antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay and effect on stabilizing cod‐liver oil held under mild thermal abuse conditions. Cod‐liver oil overlaid with films was stored at 40 °C for 20 d and analyzed for peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Antioxidant activity was retained in films containing green tea powder, but was reduced (P < 0.05) in EGCG films (20 d, 23 °C). Water vapor transmission rate of the films incorporated with antioxidants did not change significantly (P > 0.05), but the oxygen transmission rate for films with 50 ppm EGCG and 20% green tea powder was significant (P < 0.05). Other physical properties varied with antioxidant incorporation. The TBARS and PV of control oil increased from 0.05 ± 0.01 to 4.71 ± 0.30 g MDA/kg oil and from 3.6 ± 0.2 to 178.3 ± 24.5 millieq peroxides/kg oil, respectively, after 20 d. For cod‐liver oil covered with control or antioxidant‐containing films, TBARS remained below 0.37 g MDA/kg oil and PV below 7 millieq peroxides/kg oil. Incorporation of antioxidants to the films did not reduce oil oxidation (P > 0.05) at the levels tested and this was confirmed by activation energy calculations. The rate of oil oxidation was more dependent upon the inherent oxygen barrier property of the films than the presence of antioxidants.Practical Application:  This research has the potential to enhance the utilization of fish skins, a valuable food processing by‐product, as edible films with natural antioxidants to extend the shelf life of foods. The film physical properties and barrier to oxygen and water are investigated.
Polyphenols Extracted from Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Residue by Hot‐Compressed Water and Their Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Lipase in vitro
Authors: Yuda Naoki , Tanaka Miyuki , Suzuki Manabu , Asano Yuzo , Ochi Hiroshi , Iwatsuki Keiji 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  Polyphenols, retained in black tea wastes following the commercial production of tea beverages, represent an underutilized resource. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of hot‐compressed water (HCW) for the extraction of pancreatic lipase‐inhibiting polyphenols from black tea residues. Black tea residues were treated with HCW at 10 °C intervals, from 100 to 200 °C. The resulting extracts were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and assayed to determine their inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Four theaflavins (TF), 5 catechins, 2 quercetin glycosides, quinic acid, gallic acid, and caffeine were identified. The total polyphenol content of extracts increased with increasing temperature but lipase inhibitors (TF, theaflavin 3‐O‐gallate, theaflavin 3′‐O‐gallate, theaflavin 3,3′‐O‐gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate) decreased over 150 °C. All extracts inhibited pancreatic lipase but extracts obtained at 100 to 140 °C showed the greatest lipase inhibition (IC50s of 0.9 to 1.3 μg/mL), consistent with the optimal extraction of TFs and catechins except catechin by HCW between 130 and 150 °C. HCW can be used to extract pancreatic lipase‐inhibiting polyphenols from black tea waste. These extracts have potential uses, as dietary supplements and medications, for the prevention and treatment of obesity.Practical Application:  Active forms of lipase inhibitors can be recovered from black tea residues. They could be used as dietary supplements or medications.
Microbiological Properties and Biogenic Amines of Whole Pike‐Perch (Sander Lucioperca, Linnaeus 1758): A Perspective on Fish Safety During Postharvest Handling Practices and Frozen Storage
Authors: Ehsani Ali , Jasour Mohammad Sedigh 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  The biogenic amines (tyramine, histamine, cadaverine, and puterscine) and microbiological properties (mesophilic, psychrotrophic, and Pseudomonas spp.) of whole pike‐perch (Sander lucioperca) was investigated during 2 d prestorage icing and 90 d frozen storage (−24 °C). At the end of ice storage, a noticeable increase only was found for puterscine level (P < 0.05), and microbial loads of fish increased in comparison with fresh fish (P < 0.05). During the frozen storage, as time passed, a continuous increase of biogenic amines and decrease of bacterial load (except for Pseudomonas spp. at the last 30 d) was detected (P < 0.05). The total contents of biogenic amines ranged from 6.24 to 91.76 μg/g during the investigated period. Puterscine was the major amine detected in pike‐perch and its concentration varied between 1.75 and 56.95 μg/g; due to a more step‐wise increase it was a good quality indicator. At the end of storage, all of the obtained values are below the tolerable maximum amounts based on available regulations. Based on biogenic amines content and microbial load, it could be concluded that pike‐perch can be consumed without any health risks after 2 d icing condition and 90 d frozen storage.Practical Application:  Biogenic amines as one of the commonest forms of food intoxication occur in protein‐rich food such as fish. Short‐time icing during transportation is the simplest method to fish preserving for processing or long‐term storage. In this study formation of biogenic amines and bacterial changes in ungutted pike‐perch as highly demanded fish species for human consumption, during transportation and frozen storage was investigated. The results of the research can be advantageously used by fish industry. These findings suggest that the production and storage practices of fish in the retails condition could have acceptable food quality level.