bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Efficiency with Optimized Power Routing and Dedicated Path Protection in Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Chandra Jaiswal Deo , Asthana Rachna 
Published: July 2024

In the current era, the power consumption increases as per increased demand. So it creates the necessity to reduce power consumption wherever feasible. Â Due to the flexible nature of bandwidth allocation and efficient spectral design, elastic optical networks (EONs) are leading transmitter of traffic data. To ensure the seamless flow of these traffic data, network survivability is the quintessential requirement. In order to achieve the high level of survivability, dedicated path structures due to fast switching time are utilized with additional backup resources. The power consumed by these backup resources is also increased. Shortest path routing (SPR) is the prominent method applied to achieve power efficiency in EONs against single link failure. Power efficient dedicated path protection with optimized power routing (OPR) in single link failure is elaborated in this paper to resolve the power saving issues. An Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model is formed to optimize the required power that needs to concern the optimized power path and power efficient dedicated path allocation. The maximum network components that are in an idle state switch into sleep / off mode optimizes required power. The evaluation results strongly illustrate that applied OPR improves power saving during low traffic than SPR with the dedicated path protection. In addition, overall required power saturates when there are enormous traffic demands.Â Â
Optimization of Parameters in WEDM Using CCF Design
Authors: P. Bharathi. , G. Srinivasara , P. Gopalakrishnaiah 
Published: July 2024

The research work is to investigate the influence of WEDM process parameters such as pulse on time(Ton),pulse off time(Toff), peak current (IP), servo voltage (SV), and wire feed (WF) on response parameters as Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface roughness(SR). Experimentation work carried out on Titanium 5 Grade work material with tool electrode as annealed brass wire.Â Every process parameter was set at three levels and the output variables were Surface roughness (SR) and Material removal rate (MRR). Central Composite Face centered (CCF) design was used to conduct the experiments. According to the experimental results the model equations for SR and MRR were developed using multiple linear regression.Â Modeling and optimization of process parameters had been performed with the help of model equations, level means and response graphs. From the analysis it was identified that the effect of servo voltage on surface roughness Â and pulse on time for Â MRR is more significant.Â Â
Numerical Scheme Based on Operational Matrices for Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Singh C. , K. Singh A. , K. Sahoo J. 
Published: July 2024

An effective numerical tool based on wavelets and orthogonal polynomials are presented for the solution of a class of system of singular Voltera integro-differential equations (SSVIDEs). We also presented the convergence analysis for the derivative of the approximation in terms of Legendre wavelets. In this paper, we propose a numerical wavelet and polynomial methods for solving SSVIDEs of second kind. The method is based on the operational and almost operational matrix of integration based on wavelet and orthogonal polynomials. We use the concept of operation matrix of integration to convert the main problem into linear system of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples along with error evaluation are given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. The advantage of the proposed technique is computationally most simple, low cost of setting the algebraic equations without using artificial smoothing factors.Â Â
Design of Power Supply for RGB LED Based Lamp Source
Authors: Shetty Divya , Dave Smit , Shah Siddhant 
Published: July 2024

LED lighting is replacing the conventional lighting system at a very fast pace. RGB LED lighting fixtures offer convenient options of color changes to enhance our environment. The forward characteristics of Red, Green and Blue LEDâ€™s indicate the region of control to produce acceptable level of light intensities. As the intensity of light produced by an LED is proportional to its forward current, a suitable region is identified to obtain distinctive colors and to explore the energy saving options. The objective of the paper was to provide a suitable control for dimming in the linear region as well as in the nonlinear region of the diode graph. The RGB LEDs have been powered from three push pull converters. Different control methods have been explored and simulated in PSPICE to switch the LEDs as to produce distinctive colors. Every method seems to have its pros and cons. Eventually Voltage mode control is adopted to provide control over the entire region of the diode graph which includes both linear and nonlinear regions which will serve the purpose of dimming. Accordingly, a multi-colored lamp source using RGB LEDs has been designed and the hardware has been developed.Â Â Â
Handwriting Analysis Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sadana Tushar , Jain Monika , Saxena Rahul , Kumar Aashis , Jain Vidhyanshu , Gupta Saurabh 
Published: July 2024

Convolution is the technique to blend or overlap two or more functions. This technique when provided to artificial neural networks, works together to learn the features of different categories of objects and detects them based on its features instead of the shape and edges. This helps to detect the objects even in unusual positions. Since, features of an object remains constant, CNN provides high efficiency significantly better than traditional cascade methods. CNN networks follow convolution, max pooling, flattening. These process combines preprocess the image for training and then the image is transferred to artificial neural networks.Â Â
Interactive Digital Learning Content of Healthy Food for Children
Authors: Mohamed Hasiah , Hidayah Fatihah Rohan Nur , Nur Balqis Lokman Siti , Syuhada Hasan Nur , Adilin Mohd Abd Majid Hayati , Aziz Nurulnadwan 
Published: July 2024

Since past, parents facing difficulties in introducing the healthy food for their children. Usually, the children setting their mind that healthy food contain a bad taste. The similar situation also faces by teachers in kindergarten or child-care institution, in educating and encouraging the children to eat healthy food. Naturally, most of the children were more attracted to unhealthy food particularly junk food which contains high calories and sugar. Due to that, eating healthy food has to be taught to children since they are in young age particularly in kindergarten to ensure they are keep healthy. Thus, to overcome the problem this study proposes an interactive digital content of healthy food for children namely Saya Sihat. The design science research methodology which consists of five (5) phases: (i) problem identification, (ii) content analysis, (iii) design and development, (iv) evaluation, and (v) documentation have been adopted. Meanwhile, user-centered design approach has been utilized throughout the development of the proposed application since it is important for this study to obtain the optimum input from parents and teachers as well as children as the main target users. Testing has been conducted to 30 respondents in terms of the usefulness of multimedia elements integrated in the proposed interactive digital content. It was found that all the integrated elements meet the user needs and the proposed interactive digital content able to evoke the positive mindset of healthy food to children.Â Â Â Â
Porous TiO2 Thin Film for Egfet pH Sensing Application
Authors: A. Zulkefle M. , A. Rahman R. , Rusop M. , F. H. Abdullah W. , H. Herman S. 
Published: July 2024

Porous TiO2 thin film with nanostructure networks were produced through post-deposition etching-immersion method. TiO2 thin film was first fabricated using sol-gel spin coating and immersed in 5 M NaOH solution to obtain the porous structure. The nanostructure network exhibit branches with the size ranging from 9.01 nm to 11.39 nm while the distance between the branches varied between 16.64 nm to 83.04 nm. From the atomic force microscopy image, the surface roughness of the porous film was 5.049 nm, as expected, higher than the un-etched TiO2 sample. The porous film was then applied as the sensing membrane for an extended-gate field effect transistor (EGFET) pH sensor. The pH sensitivity of the porous film was 19.30 mV/pH with linearity of 0.9550, indicating that the porous film also has the ability as the sensing membrane of an EGFET pH sensor.Â Â
Inhibitory Effect of 5-Aza-2â€™-Deoxytidine on Cell Viability of the Oral Cancer Cell Line, ORL-48T
Authors: M.S Rawaidah N. , S Syairah N. , H Khor G. , M. Amin I. , Harun N. , Y.P.M. Yusof M. , R.A Froemming G. 
Published: July 2024

Oral cancer is recorded as the sixth highest malignancy globally. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) has been applied as an inhibitory agent in various tumourous cells. Previous studies showed that 5-Aza-dC can inverse genes silencing resulting from hypermethylation process. Inhibitory effects of 5-Aza-dC on oral cancer cell lines, ORL-48T proliferation was studied using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-based assay in this study. The results demonstrated the treatment with 20 ÂµM 5-Aza-dC for 144 h and 40 ÂµM with 72 h respectively, revealed a significantly decreased percentage of viable tumour cells (p= 0.03). This current study provides an evidence of the inhibitive effect of 5-Aza-dC on the ORL-48T cells proliferation.Â Â
Terengganu State Decision Support System for School-leavers (TeSDeSS)
Authors: Raju Rajeswari , Nurulhikmah Syed Yasin Sharifah , Adilin Mohd Abdul Majid Hayati , â€˜Aisyah Saâ€™dan Siti , Ismail Abd Wahab Zawawi , Sabapathy Elangkeeran , Subramaniam Geetha 
Published: July 2024

Year after year, the numbers of school-leavers increase significantly. Some of them continue their journey by furthering their studies in higher education. The ones that can further their study usually are the ones that know their interests and have achieved good results in government examinations, and hence are qualified to apply to government universities or tertiary institutions such as matriculation, polytechnic, and others withÂ their targeted or desired academic degrees. But, this differs for school-leavers who have dismal grades in government examination (dropout students), most of whom just give up on their first application to government tertiary institutions. The Terengganu state government hence wanted to come out with a system that can help to minimize this problem. In this proposed research,it was found that school drop-outs from Terengganu are not aware of the existing opportunities to further their studies with moderate or low grades, and currently there is no platform that unites all education and skills institutes inone single platform. This proposed research will cater for all the identified problems, to make this research feasible, and the rule-based system will be used as the theoretical proponent.Â Â
Effect of Heat Stress on Pregnancy Outcomes in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Akmar Nadhirah Mohd Nor Nur , Nizam Haron Mohd , . . 
Published: July 2024

Heat stressed animal may cause problem to the farmers as it will drop the production performance and reproductive efficiency such as animalâ€™s fertility and calving interval. In Malaysia, farmers tend to establish an open housing system or let their livestock to roam for grazing. Slightly increase in degree of hyperthermia from the environment factor could induce heat stress in animals. Hence, the aim of this study is to observe the effect of heat stress on pregnancy outcome in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. Upon determination of oestrous, the female rats were mated. Once pregnancy was confirmed, the rats were divided into two groups. The treatment groups were exposed to the heat treatment at 41Â°C. While in control group, the rats were maintained at 24 Â°C. The treatment was given until delivery. Once delivered, the rats were euthanized. The reproductive organs were dissected and weighted. Pregnancy outcomes were observed and were seen to be affected. There was reduction in the reproductive organs weight which were the uterus and ovary, lower number of pup, alteration of offspring sex and also higher percentage of resorption. Although there was no significant finding between the two groups, but there was a pattern in the parameter observed that may indicate the effect of heat stress in pregnant rats. Therefore, heat stress may give negative effect to the pregnancy outcomes and reproductive system in rats.Â Â
Propolis: Traditional uses, Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Suryati Mohd Khamsah , Elani Mat Nafi Nor , Shafiqha Abdul Khadar Ammira , Awanis Mohd Badiazaman Ainur , Rani Annisava Aulia 
Published: July 2024

Propolis is a sticky material manufactured by bees to build and protect their hive. Propolis had been used worldwide for years in folk medicine. The aim of this paper is to give information about traditional uses, phytochemical screening and pharmacological studies of propolis in the world by using secondary references such as journals and articles. The traditional uses of propolis include home remedies, toothpastes, mouthwashes, creams, drops, dietary supplement, anti-putrefactive, anti-pyretic agent, antiseptic, wound healing agent, tuberculosis treatment, cold syndrome, treatment of burns, acne, herpes simplex and genitalis, neurodermatitis, anti-fungal activities in ocular and vaginal infections. Phytochemical screening had shown that propolis contains anthraquinones, alkaloids, fatty acids,Â flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, triterpenes, tannins and volatile oils. Propolis has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant and anti-cancer. Based on this article, propolis has many function and can be used in future as an alternative medicine.Â Â
Pollution Sources Identification of Water Quality Using Chemometrics: a Case Study in Klang River Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Saiful Samsudin Mohd , Azid Azman , Iskandar Khalit Saiful , Milleana Shaharudin Shazlyn , Lananan Fathurrahman , Hafizan Juahir Hafizan 
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this paper are to review the status of Klang River Basin and to investigate the most significant pollutant using chemometric techniques. The extraction of secondary physico-chemical water quality data by Department of Environment, Malaysia from 2003 to 2007 were taken. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to identify the significant water quality parameters and Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) was applied to evaluate which pollution source contributed the most significant from the other factors. Then, Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA) was used to find which monitoring station of Klang River provided the most significant pollutant. The result shows 9 PCs (75% of the total variance) which extracted from PCA. APCS-MLR model revealed anthropogenic activities which NH3-N as the main parameter is the most significant in Klang River. Based on HACA specified 1K16 has the highest amount of NH3-N concentration in Klang River.Â Therefore, the utilization of envirometric techniques achieved the research objectives which will beneficial for present and future river water quality management.Â Â
Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass-Scented Betel Herbal Tea
Authors: Akma Suhaimi Mazaitul , Ho Lee-Hoon , Tang John-Yew-Huat , Ain Mustafa Kamarul â€˜ 
Published: July 2024

Betel (Piper betle) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) are well known medicinal plant that exhibit good antimicrobial properties. This study aims to investigate antibacterial potency of Lemongrass-Scented Betel Tea (LSBT). Four herbal infusions formulations (B-100:L-0, B-95:L-5, B-85:L-15 and B-75:L-25) with different percentage of betel leaves and lemongrass stem powder were prepared. These herbal infusions were tested against four foodborne pathogens, which are Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) (Gram-positive cocci) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218) (Gram negative bacteria) using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were determined by broth dilution method. B-100:L-0 showed strongest antimicrobial properties with inhibition zones of 28.5 Â± 0.71 to 29.0 Â± 1.41 mm and 10.0 Â± 0.00 mm for S. aureus and E.coli, respectively. Moreover, B-100:L-0 infusion also showed the lowest MIC (0.63 mg/mL) and MBC (1.25 mg/mL) values for S. aureus as well as the lowest MIC (5.0 mg/mL) value for E.coli. In conclusion, all four formulations of the herbal tea showed inhibitions against S. aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) and E. coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218). However, Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant to antibacterial effects of the herbal tea. It can be suggested that the use of B-100:L-0 would be hepful in the treatment of infections caused byÂ S. aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) and E. coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218).Â Â
Further development of satellite telecommunications radio signals noise immunity increasing method
Authors: Kozelkov Serhii , Shulha Oleksandr , Shefer Oleksandr , Neliuba Dmytro 
Published: July 2024

The problem of radio communication loss during spacecraft passage at hyperspeed through dense layers of atmosphere at heights of 60-120 km as result of plasma ionization shock wave formation is analyzed. As a result, this part of spacecraft trajectory is the most problematic from navigation and control point of view. A part of this unsolved problem is identified and an innovative method for solving it is proposed â€“ a method of resonant radio signal regeneration developed, which based on interaction of outer ionized layer elementary particles with artificially generated high intensity negative radiation. Technical means for artificial low-temperature plasma energy-efficient formation have been developed. A design for equipotential low-temperature plasma of high intensity, which based on near-cathode region glow discharge and depends on electrodes geometric parameters and gaseous medium physical parameters proposed. This method, in comparison with existing spacecraft radio communication methods, does not introduce changes into spacecraft external design and does not affect flight aerodynamics. High-temperature plasma shell with artificial intense negative radiation interaction simulation confirms the formation of resonant regenerative transport layer that facilitates radio signal passage through plasma ionization shock wave around spacecraft.Â Â
Modeling of the Stress-Strain State of Through-Reinforced Concrete Structures with External Sheeting Reinforcement by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Storozhenko Leonid , Pents Volodymyr , Nesterenko Sr. Tetyana , Mahas Nataliia 
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the research of the stress-strain state of through- reinforced concrete structures with external sheeting reinforcement by the finite element method (FEM), the comparison of the results of numerical modeling with the results of the physical experiment of testing of through- reinforced concrete structures with external sheeting reinforcement for bending and compressionÂ Â
Research on Calculation Methods of Building Envelope Thermal Characteristics
Authors: Farenyuk Gennadiy , Filonenko Olena , Datsenko Volodymyr 
Published: July 2024

Building envelope functional performance largely depends on the temperature fluctuation range on the interior surface. The aim of the calculation is to ensure that building envelope has the necessary thermal characteristics, which ensure maintaining almost stable temperature on the interior surface of the construction, under the periodic changes of environmental parameters. The dynamic thermal characteristics can also be used in the calculation of: the internal temperature in a room; the daily peak power and energy needs for heating or cooling; the effects of intermittent heating or cooling, etc. Exact prediction of building envelope temperature conditions under periodic thermal effects allows avoiding thermal failures. Calculation methods in the Ukraine state construction standards are significantly simplified. Currently, with return to furnace heating and other kinds of periodic heating, international standard calculation method is more important and requires revising the Ukrainian normative base.Â Â
Functional Reliability Assessment of Water Transmission Buildings of Urban Water Supply Systems
Authors: Tkachuk Alexander , Novytska Olha , Shevchuk Anton , Azizova Anna 
Published: July 2024

Continuous operation of water supply systems of settlements, industrial and agricultural objects is one of the topical problems in Ukraine. The most costly, complicated and responsible for reliable water supply in modern water supply systems are the complexes of water transmission buildings, which include pump stations, water mains, pressure and regulation facilities. They are located on a large territory, hydraulically connected with each other and require an integrated assessment of reliability based on their constructive and functional indicators, as well as the normative consolidation of methods and indicators of reliability assessment. It is proposed to assess the functional reliability by constant coefficients of operational availability. They should be complied with the normative values of the operating efficiency factors. The numerical values of the operating efficiency factors for each of three categories of water supply systems in conditions of water supply reduction and limitation are determined on the basis of the present standards. The basic principles of the methodology of engineering calculations of functional reliability of water transmission buildingsâ€™ complexes (WTBC) are theoretically substantiated. The expediency and reliability of the assessment of functional reliability is confirmed by calculations. Improvement of functional reliability of WTBC can be provided by rational design schemes and efficient operation with intensive rehabilitation.Â Â