bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative and nitrative alpha‐synuclein modifications and proteostatic stress: implications for disease mechanisms and interventions in synucleinopathies
Authors: Schildknecht Stefan , Gerding Hanne R. , Karreman Christiaan , Drescher Malte , Lashuel Hilal A. , Outeiro Tiago F. , Di Monte Donato A. , Leist Marcel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlpha‐synuclein (ASYN) is a major constituent of the typical protein aggregates observed in several neurodegenerative diseases that are collectively referred to as synucleinopathies. A causal involvement ofASYNin the initiation and progression of neurological diseases is suggested by observations indicating that single‐point (e.g., A30P, A53T) or multiplication mutations of the gene encoding forASYNcause early onset forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The relative regional specificity ofASYNpathology is still a riddle that cannot be simply explained by its expression pattern. Also, transgenic over‐expression ofASYNin mice does not recapitulate the typical dopaminergic neuronal death observed inPD. Thus, additional factors must contribute toASYN‐related toxicity. For instance, synucleinopathies are usually associated with inflammation and elevated levels of oxidative stress in affected brain areas. In turn, these conditions favor oxidative modifications ofASYN. Among these modifications, nitration of tyrosine residues, formation of covalentASYNdimers, as well as methionine sulfoxidations are prominent examples that are observed in post‐mortemPDbrain sections. Oxidative modifications can affectASYNaggregation, as well as its binding to biological membranes. This would affect neurotransmitter recycling, mitochondrial function and dynamics (fission/fusion),ASYN's degradation within a cell and, possibly, the transfer of modifiedASYNto adjacent cells. Here, we propose a model on how covalent modifications ofASYNlink energy stress, altered proteostasis, and oxidative stress, three major pathogenic processes involved inPDprogression. Moreover, we hypothesize thatASYNmay act physiologically as a catalytically regenerated scavenger of oxidants in healthy cells, thus performing an important protective role prior to the onset of disease or during aging.
A single in vivo cocaine administration impairs 5‐HT1B receptor‐induced long‐term depression in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Huang Chiung‐Chun , Yeh Che‐Ming , Wu Mei‐Ying , Hsu Kuei‐Sen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a crucial forebrain nucleus implicated in reward‐based decision‐making. While NAc neurons are richly innervated by serotonergic fibers, information on the functional role of serotonin 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in the NAc is still sparse. Here, we demonstrate that brief application of 5‐HT or 5‐HT1B receptor agonist CP 93129 induced a long‐term depression (LTD) of glutamatergic transmission in NAc neurons. This LTD was presynaptically mediated and inducible by endogenous 5‐HT. Remarkably, a single cocaine exposure impaired the induction of LTD by 5‐HT or CP 93129. The inhibition was blocked when a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 was coadministered with cocaine. Cocaine treatment resulted in increased phosphorylation of presynaptic proteins, rabphilin 3A and synapsin 1, and significantly attenuated CP 93129‐induced decrease in rabphilin 3A and synapsin 1 phosphorylation. Application of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase inhibitor KT5720 caused a prominent synaptic depression in NAc neurons of mice with a history of cocaine exposure. Our results reveal a novel 5‐HT1B receptor‐mediated LTD in the NAc and suggest that cocaine exposure may result in elevated phosphorylation of presynaptic proteins involved in regulating glutamate release, which counteracts the presynaptic depressant effects of 5‐HT1B receptors and thereby impairs the induction of LTD by 5‐HT.
A taxonomic revision of Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China
Authors: LI Zhong‐Yang , HE Zhao‐Rong , ZHANG Xian‐Chun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper deals with species of the genus Cyclosorus subgenus Cyclosoriopsis (Thelypteridaceae) from China, which is characterized by goniopteroid venation and unicellular glands on sporangial stalks. Morphological study of specimens and living plants reveals that venation and glands/glandular hairs on laminae are the most important diagnostic characters for species identification. Twenty‐two species are recognized, including seven species endemic to China. Fifty species names are newly reduced to synonyms. A key to species from China, description, and distribution map of each species are provided. Three species are treated as dubious species, and 22 species are treated as putative hybrids.
Pleistocene sea level fluctuations and the phylogeography of the dugong in Australian waters
Authors: Blair David , McMahon Adrian , McDonald Brenda , Tikel Daniela , Waycott Michelle , Marsh Helene 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigated phylogeography, demography, and population connectivity of the dugong (Dugong dugon) in Australian waters using mitochondrial control region DNA sequences from 177 Australian dugongs and 11 from elsewhere. The dugong is widespread in shallow Indo‐West Pacific waters suitable for growth of its main food, seagrass. We hypothesized that the loss of habitat and creation of a land barrier (the Torres Strait landbridge) during low sea level stands associated with Pleistocene glacial cycles have left a persisting genetic signature in the dugong. The landbridge was most recently flooded about 7,000 yr ago. Individual dugongs are capable of traveling long distances, suggesting an alternative hypothesis that there might now be little genetic differentiation across the dugong's Australian range. We demonstrated that Australian dugongs fall into two distinct maternal lineages and exhibit a phylogeographic pattern reflecting Pleistocene sea‐level fluctuations. Within each lineage, genetic structure exists, albeit at large spatial scales. We suggest that these lineages diverged following the last emergence of the Torres Strait landbridge (ca. 115 kya) and remained geographically separated until after 7 kya when passage through Torres Strait again became possible for marine animals. Evidence for population growth in the widespread lineage, especially after the last glacial maximum, was detected.
Aspergillus terreus complex: an emergent opportunistic agent of Onychomycosis
Authors: Fernández Mariana S. , Rojas Florencia D. , Cattana María E. , de los Ángeles Sosa María , Mangiaterra Magdalena L. , Giusiano Gustavo E. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe incidence of onychomycosis due to non‐dermatophyte moulds (NDM) is increasing. Aspergillus terreus is relatively undocumented as an agent of this fungal infection. The aim of this work is to show the prevalence of onychomycosis caused by A. terreus and to describe its clinical features. Nail samples were collected for microscopic examination and culturing in selective media. All cases of onychomycosis due to NDM were confirmed by a second sample. Aspergillus terreus isolates were identified through their morphological characteristics and using molecular methods. A total of 2485 samples were obtained. Positive cultures were obtained in 1639 samples. From 124 NDM confirmed cultures, 23 were identified as A. terreus (18.5%). Superficial white onychomycosis was the most frequent clinical pattern. A high percentage was found in fingernails. The prevalence of A. terreus in this study considerably exceeded the percentages reported by other authors. Onychomycosis due to A. terreus presents similar clinical patterns to those caused by dermatophytes, but is difficult to eradicate and is associated with less predictable treatment outcomes. Better knowledge of the aetiology of A. terreus may be important for accomplishing more accurate and effective treatment.
Threading a needle: Kazakhstan between civic and ethno‐nationalist state‐building
Authors: Ó Beacháin Donnacha , Kevlihan Rob 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the state‐building project in Kazakhstan since independence in 1991. It argues that both civic and ethno‐nationalistic tendencies in state‐building can be identified but that it is not any particular trajectory of nationalism in Kazakhstan that is of significance so much as the tensions between two very different trajectories. We argue that, at least to date, the government has succeeded in managing these tensions quite effectively both at the policy level and in its relations with different ethnic groups and neighbouring states. Whether Kazakhstan can continue to manage these tensions in the post‐Nazarbayev era is one of the most significant questions facing the country.
Dry night cough as a marker of allergy in preschool children: the PARIS birth cohort
Authors: Rancière Fanny , Nikasinovic Lydia , Momas Isabelle 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of children at risk for developing allergy is an important challenge. Our first analyses in infants from the Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study (PARIS) birth cohort suggested that dry night cough was associated with parental‐reported allergic disorders. The aim of the present study was to refine this finding by investigating the time course of dry night cough from birth to age 4 yr in relation to blood markers of atopy and allergic morbidity.MethodsHealth outcomes were regularly assessed by parental self‐administered questionnaires. Blood markers of atopy were measured at age 18 months. Children with similar patterns of dry night cough over the first 4 yr of life were grouped together using k‐means clustering. Associations with atopy/allergy were studied using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThree trajectories of dry night cough were identified in 1869 children. Besides the never/infrequent pattern (72.4%), the transient pattern (8.8%) was composed of children who coughed in the first year and recovered by age 4 yr, while the rising pattern (18.8%) included all symptomatic children at age 4 yr, whether they were persistent or late coughers. Compared with the never/infrequent pattern, the rising pattern was significantly associated with elevated total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level (odds ratio [OR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21–2.39) and inhalant allergens sensitization (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.26–5.61) at age 18 months, and with doctor‐diagnosed allergic diseases over the first 4 yr such as hay fever (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.49–4.26) and eczema (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.00–1.66).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that persistent/late dry night cough may indicate allergy in preschool children.
Morphology, ontogeny and affinities of the Hirnantian triplisiid brachiopod Streptis undifera from Baltoscandia
Authors: Hints Linda , Popov Leonid , Holmer Lars E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNew silicified topotypic material of the Upper Ordovician Streptis undifera (Schmidt, 1858) from the stratotype of the Porkuni Regional Stage in Estonia provides important data on triplesiid morphology and ontogeny, which has substantial implications for our understanding of the affinity of this group of brachiopods. In particular, the new material shows that the early ontogeny of Streptis includes evidence for a cicatrix attachment and colleplax‐like structure in the ventral valve. It is likely also that a lecithotrophic feeding habit evolved in triplesiidines sometime in the Ordovician, which sets them apart from all other known strophomenates. A neotype is selected among the specimens of Streptis undifera from the type locality in Porkuni. In Baltoscandia, Streptis undifera appears first in Norway in late Katian below the strata with the pentamerid brachiopod Holorhynchus. In Estonia, Streptis undifera is an index species of the early Hirnantian and occurs in association with stromatoporoid‐coral reefs and related inter‐reef deposits, which overly the strata with Holorhynchus. In Baltoscandia, the distribution areas of Streptis and Holorhynchus are more or less identical in spite of some differences in age.
Passive Restoration of Atlantic Forest Following Pinus taeda Harvesting in Southern Brazil
Authors: Ferracin Talita P. , Medri Paulo S. , Batista Angela C. R. , Mota Mariana C. , Bianchini Edmilson , Torezan José M. D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe understory of exotic tree plantations can have non‐negligible native species richness. Ecological restoration of these sites may include the harvest of trees, depending on the tradeoff between timber income and harvest impacts on biodiversity. This study aimed to investigate how a site can recover from harvest disturbance, by comparing the regeneration of woody species in the understory of two types of 37‐year‐old Pinus taeda plantation (P1 and P2, high and low relative density of pine seedlings in the understory, respectively), with stands that were similar to P2 but subjected to harvest and then abandoned for 15 years (R sites). Secondary forests (SF) were used as references. We sampled three different sites for each stand condition; soil chemical properties, estimations of litter mass, and canopy cover were measured. P1 had low species diversity, and P2 and R had 50 and 46% of SF richness, respectively. The R site contained few pine saplings and was floristically similar to P2; this indicated that 15 years was sufficient for the recovery of plant diversity to near pre‐harvesting levels. Soil fertility was highest in SF and lowest in P1. Thus old plantations of P. taeda with low relative density of pine juveniles can be cost‐effective starting points for restoration. Despite the destructive effects of pine harvest, recovery of native species can occur rapidly. In situations in which clearcutting of pine stands is not planned or possible, modest thinning of P. taeda adults and/or intensive thinning of juveniles could expedite restoration.
The Colon: An Overlooked Site for Therapeutics in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Poesen Ruben , Meijers Björn , Evenepoel Pieter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMorbidity and mortality related to chronic kidney disease remain unacceptably high, despite tremendous progress in its prevention and treatment. In an ongoing quest to improve outcome in chronic kidney disease patients, the colon might be an appealing, but largely underexplored, therapeutic target. A clear bi‐directional functional relationship exists between the colon and kidney, also referred as to the colo–renal axis. Uremia has an important impact on the colonic microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, is an important source of uremic toxins, withp‐cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate as important prototypes. These co‐metabolites accumulate in the face of a falling kidney function, and may accelerate the progression of renal and cardiovascular disease. Several therapeutic interventions, including prebiotics and adsorbants, specifically target these colon‐derived uremic toxins originating from bacterial metabolism. As kidney function declines, the colon also gains importance in the homeostasis and disposal of potassium and oxalate. Their colonic secretion may be increased by drugs increasing the expression ofcAMPand by probiotics (e.g.,Oxalobacter formigenes).
Berkeley's Doctrine of Mind and the “Black List Hypothesis”: A Dialogue
Authors: Daniel Stephen H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractClues about what Berkeley was planning to say about mind in his now‐lost second volume of the Principles seem to abound in his Notebooks. However, commentators have been reluctant to use his unpublished entries to explicate his remarks about spiritual substances in the Principles and Dialogues for three reasons. First, it has proven difficult to reconcile the seemingly Humean bundle theory of the self in the Notebooks with Berkeley's published characterization of spirits as “active beings or principles.” Second, the fact that Berkeley did not publish his Notebooks insights on mind has led some to claim that he later rejected his early views. Third, many of the Notebooks entries on mind have a ‘+’ sign next to them, which has been understood for decades to comprise a Black List of views about which Berkeley had doubts or subsequently rejected. In my dialogue, I describe how Berkeley's “congeries” account of mind (1) differs from Hume's bundle theory in a way that complements Berkeley's published remarks and (2) undercuts the claim that he later rejected his early views. Most importantly, (3) I show how a careful analysis of the British Library manuscript of the Notebooks refutes the Black List hypothesis.
‘The Gift that Keeps on Giving’: Unveiling the Paradoxes of Fair Trade Shea Butter
Authors: Elias Marlène , Saussey Magalie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFair trade has garnered the interest of western consumers seeking ‘ethical’ products. Inherent to the movement's success are narratives that foster an attachment between reflexive consumers and the distantly situated producers of their goods. These narratives entice consumers to purchase higher priced, quality fair trade products. Drawing on empirical evidence from a case‐study of fair trade shea butter produced by women in Burkina Faso and consumed by European and North American women, this article considers the extent to which these narratives reflect producer experiences. Fair trade shea butter is depicted as an exotic, traditional, authentic, and ethical product that promotes global female solidarity. Yet, the international commodity differs significantly from the traditional and authentic product that is locally produced and traded. Moreover, the low returns butter producers earn for their product cast doubts on the ‘fairness’ and solidarity aspects of the movement. Hence, we argue that rather than unveiling the conditions of commodity production, fair trade discourses repackage these to appeal to ethically minded consumers likely to purchase fair trade goods.
Long‐term no‐tillage effects on particulate and mineral‐associated soil organic matter under rainfed Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Blanco‐Moure N. , Gracia R. , Bielsa A. C. , López M. V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in the sustainability of natural and agricultural systems. The identification of sensitive SOC fractions can be crucial for an understanding of SOC dynamics and stabilization. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of long‐term no‐tillage (NT) on SOC content and its distribution between particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral‐associated organic matter (Min) fractions in five different cereal production areas of Aragon (north‐east Spain). The study was conducted under on‐farm conditions where pairs of adjacent fields under NT and conventional tillage (CT) were compared. An undisturbed soil nearby under native vegetation (NAT) was included. The results indicate that SOC was significantly affected by tillage in the first 5 cm with the greatest concentrations found in NT (1.5–43% more than in CT). Below 40 cm, SOC under NT decreased (20–40%) to values similar or less than those under CT. However, the stratification ratio (SR) never reached the threshold value of 2. The POM‐C fraction, disproportionate to its small contribution to total SOC (10–30%), was greatly affected by soil management. The pronounced stratification in this fraction (SR>2 in NT) and its usefulness for differentiating the study sites in terms of response to NT make POM‐C a good indicator of changes in soil management under the study conditions. Results from this on‐farm study indicate that NT can be recommended as an alternative strategy to increase organic carbon at the soil surface in the cereal production areas of Aragon and in other analogous areas.
Numerical Architecture
Authors: Mandelbaum Eric 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe idea that there is a “Number Sense” (Dehaene, 1997) or “Core Knowledge” of number ensconced in a modular processing system (Carey, 2009) has gained popularity as the study of numerical cognition has matured. However, these claims are generally made with little, if any, detailed examination of which modular properties are instantiated in numerical processing. In this article, I aim to rectify this situation by detailing the modular properties on display in numerical cognitive processing. In the process, I review literature from across the cognitive sciences and describe how the evidence reported in these works supports the hypothesis that numerical cognitive processing is modular. I outline the properties that would suffice for deeming a certain processing system a modular processing system. Subsequently, I use behavioral, neuropsychological, philosophical, and anthropological evidence to show that the number module is domain specific, informationally encapsulated, neurally localizable, subject to specific pathological breakdowns, mandatory, fast, and inaccessible at the person level; in other words, I use the evidence to demonstrate that some of our numerical capacity is housed in modular casing.
Arabidopsis acyl‐CoA‐binding protein ACBP1 participates in the regulation of seed germination and seedling development
Authors: Du Zhi‐Yan , Chen Mo‐Xian , Chen Qin‐Fang , Xiao Shi , Chye Mee‐Len 
Published: March 2013

SummaryA family of six genes encoding acyl‐CoA‐binding proteins (ACBPs), ACBP1–ACBP6, has been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we demonstrate that ACBP1 promotes abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination and seedling development. ACBP1 was induced by ABA, and transgenic Arabidopsis ACBP1‐over‐expressors showed increased sensitivity to ABA during germination and seedling development, whereas the acbp1 mutant showed decreased ABA sensitivity during these processes. Subsequent RNA assays showed that ACBP1 over‐production in 12‐day‐old seedlings up‐regulated the expression of PHOSPHOLIPASE Dα1 (PLDα1) and three ABA/stress‐responsive genes: ABA‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN1 (AREB1), RESPONSE TO DESICCATION29A (RD29A) and bHLH‐TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MYC2 (MYC2). The expression of AREB1 and PLDα1 was suppressed in the acbp1 mutant in comparison with the wild type following ABA treatment. PLDα1 has been reported to promote ABA signal transduction by producing phosphatidic acid, an important lipid messenger in ABA signaling. Using lipid profiling, seeds and 12‐day‐old seedlings of ACBP1‐over‐expressing lines were shown to accumulate more phosphatidic acid after ABA treatment, in contrast to lower phosphatidic acid in the acbp1 mutant. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that ACBP1 interacts with PLDα1 at the plasma membrane. Their interaction was further confirmed by yeast two‐hybrid analysis. As recombinant ACBP1 binds phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine, ACBP1 probably promotes PLDα1 action. Taken together, these results suggest that ACBP1 participates in ABA‐mediated seed germination and seedling development.