bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIC DYNAMICS ON RANDOM AND SCALE-FREE NETWORKS
Authors: BARTLETT J. , PLANK M. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRandom networks were first used to model epidemic dynamics in the 1950s, but in the last decade it has been realized that scale-free networks more accurately represent the network structure of many real-world situations. Here we give an analytical and a Monte Carlo method for approximating the basic reproduction number${R}_{0} $of an infectious agent on a network. We investigate how final epidemic size depends on${R}_{0} $and on network density in random networks and in scale-free networks with a Pareto exponent of 3. Our results show that: (i) an epidemic on a random network has the same average final size as an epidemic in a well-mixed population with the same value of${R}_{0} $; (ii) an epidemic on a scale-free network has a larger average final size than in an equivalent well-mixed population if${R}_{0} \lt 1$, and a smaller average final size than in a well-mixed population if${R}_{0} \gt 1$; (iii) an epidemic on a scale-free network spreads more rapidly than an epidemic on a random network or in a well-mixed population.
Multi-modality: a new approach for the treatment of major depressive disorder
Authors: Richelson Elliott 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Effective treatment with antidepressants is currently limited by factors that affect treatment compliance, including delay in onset of therapeutic effects and intolerable side-effects. Recent data suggest that use of antidepressant combinations with different mechanisms of action may be a better first-line strategy prior to augmentation with other drug classes. The rationale for this approach is that combining multiple pharmacological actions affecting multiple monoamine targets produces greater efficacy. Several new multi-modal compounds are in development and early results for the most advanced agents indicate shorter onset of therapeutic effects and improved tolerability. By modulating multiple receptors and transmitter systems, it is hoped that these new agents may also treat some of the associated symptoms of major depressive disorder, such as anxiety and cognitive dysfunction.
Anti-anhedonic activity of long-term lithium treatment in rats exposed to repeated unavoidable stress
Authors: Marchese Giovanna , Scheggi Simona , Secci Maria Elena , De Montis Maria Graziella , Gambarana Carla 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Behavioural and neurochemical responses to palatable food exposure represent an index of hedonic competence. In rats, a palatable meal increases extra-neuronal dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) that confers to it incentive salience and reinforcing value. Repeated stress exposure decreases dopamine output and impairs the NAcS dopaminergic response to palatable food and the competence to acquire a vanilla sugar (VS)-reinforced instrumental behaviour [VS-sustained appetitive behaviour (VAB)]. Moreover, chronic stress exposure disrupts reactivity to aversive stimuli. A 3-wk treatment with lithium, the gold-standard treatment in bipolar disorder, tonically reduces NAcS dopamine output and the reactivity to aversive stimuli. However, it does not affect the dopaminergic response to VS and the competence to acquire VAB. This study investigated whether repeated lithium administration is endowed with anti-anhedonic activity. The NAcS dopaminergic response to VS and the competence to acquire VAB and sucrose self-administration (SA), in terms of fixed-ratio (FR)1, FR5 and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, were studied in saline or lithium-treated groups of non-food-deprived rats exposed or not to repeated unavoidable stress. Chronic stress exposure impaired the NAcS dopaminergic response to VS, acquisition of VAB and sucrose SA, in terms of FR1 and FR5 schedules of reinforcement and breaking point score. Repeated lithium treatment restored these parameters to control group values, even when treatment began in rats already showing an anhedonia-like condition. Since the breaking point defines the reinforcement efficacy of a hedonic stimulus, the present data suggest that lithium treatment is endowed with anti-anhedonic activity in rats.
Dome Fuji Seeing -the Summer Results and the Future Winter-over Observations
Authors: Okita Hirofumi , Takato Naruhisa , Ichikawa Takashi , Bonner Colin S. , Ashley Michel C. B. , Storey John W. V. ,   the 51st and 52nd JARE Dome Fuji teams
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe carried out the first seeing measurements at Dome Fuji in the 2010–2011 austral summer. From these observations, we found that the summer seeing at Dome Fuji was 1.2″ (mean), 1.1″ (median), 0.83″ (25th percentile) and 1.5″ (75th percentile), respectively. We also found that the seeing changed continuously and had a minimum around 0.7″ at ~18:00 hours daily. We compared the seeing with some weather parameters obtained from the 16 m mast, and found that the seeing had good correlations with atmosphere temperature and wind shear. These results suggest that the seeing is degraded by turbulence near the surface boundary layer. Because the data were obtained only over a short duration in summer, the general characteristics of Dome Fuji's seeing could not be evaluated. We plan to observe the seeing in winter with a stand-alone DIMM telescope. This new DIMM, which we named the Dome Fuji Differential Image Motion Monitor (DF–DIMM), will be installed at Dome Fuji in January 2013.
A CMB B-mode Search with Three Years of BICEP Observations
Authors: Bischoff Colin ,   for the BICEP Collaboration
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe search for B-mode, or curl-type, polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background is the most promising technique to constrain or detect primordial gravitational waves predicted by the theory of inflation. The Bicep telescope, which observed from the South Pole for three years from 2006 through 2008, is the first experiment specifically designed to target this signal. We review the observational motivations for inflation, the advantages of B-mode observations as a technique for detecting the gravitational wave background, and the design features of Bicep that optimize it for this search. The final analysis of all three seasons of Bicep data is in progress, representing a 50% increase in integration time compared to the result from Chiang et al. (2010). A preview of the three year result includes E-mode and B-mode maps, as well as the projected constraint on r, the tensor-to-scalar ratio.
CMB Polarization with BICEP2 and Keck-Array
Authors: Pryke Clement ,   for the BICEP2 and Keck-Array Collaborations
Published: January 2013

AbstractBICEP2 is an evolution from the highly successful BICEP CMB polarization experiment. In turn Keck-Array is an array of BICEP2 like receivers to achieve an additional increase in sensitivity. All these experiments are located at the South Pole in Antarctica and target the CMB B-mode polarization signal which is predicted to exist in many simpler models of Inflation at angular scales of several degrees. The design and performance of BICEP2 and Keck-Array is described and some preliminary polarization maps are presented.
The South Pole Telescope: Latest Results and Future Prospects
Authors: Benson Bradford ,   the SPT Collaboration (pole.uchicago.edu)
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe South Pole Telescope is a 10 meter telescope optimized for sensitive, high-resolution measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy and millimeter-wavelength sky. In November 2011, the SPT completed the 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ survey. The survey has led to several major cosmological results, derived from measurements of the fine angular scale primary and secondary CMB anisotropies, the discovery of galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and the resulting mass-limited cluster catalog, and the discovery of a population of distant, dusty star forming galaxies (DSFGs). In January 2012, the SPT was equipped with a new polarization sensitive camera, SPTpol, which will enable detection of the contribution to the CMB polarization power spectrum from lensing by large scale structure (the so-called “lensing B-modes”) and, on larger angular scales, a detection or improved upper limit on the primordial inflationary signal (“gravitational-wave B-modes”), thereby constraining the energy scale of Inflation. Development is underway for SPT-3G, the third-generation camera for SPT. The SPT-3G survey will cross the threshold from statistical detection of B-mode CMB lensing to imaging the fluctuations at high signal-to-noise; enabling the separation of lensing and inflationary B-modes and improving the constraint on the sum of the neutrino masses Σmν to a level relevant for exploring the neutrino mass hierarchy.
Toward a 10,000-element B-Mode Experiment
Authors: Kuo Chao-Lin ,   for the BICEP3 and POLAR1 Collaborations
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce two compact, large-throughput CMB polarimeter designs (POLAR1 and BICEP3). These pathfinder experiments will pave the way for a comprehensive multi-frequency South Pole B-mode survey that, when jointly analyzed with arcminute-scale polarization data, can conclusively answer the question whether there is an appreciable fraction (>1%) of the primordial perturbations in the form of tensor modes (gravitational waves).
The IceCube Neutrino Telescope
Authors: Gaisser Thomas K. ,   for the IceCube Collaboration
Published: January 2013

AbstractConstruction of IceCube at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station was completed at the end of 2010 after eight construction seasons. The detector consists of 5,160 digital optical modules on 86 cables with 60 modules each, viewing in total a cubic kilometer of ice between 1,450 and 2,450 meters below the surface. IceCube includes a sub-array called DeepCore consisting of 8 special cables, and providing a more densely instrumented region with a lower energy threshold in the deep center of the array. IceCube also includes an air shower array called IceTop directly above the deep detector. Optical modules in all three components of the detector are fully integrated into a single data acquisition system. Data taking and analysis began during construction and continues with the completed detector. This paper describes recent results from IceCube.
The Exploration of the ISM from Antarctica
Authors: Wolfire Mark G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAntarctica presents a unique environment for the exploration of the interstellar medium. The low column of water vapor opens windows for sub-mm and THz astronomy from ground and sub-orbital observatories while the stable atmosphere holds promise for THz interferometry. Various current and potentially future facilities occupy a niche not available to current space or stratospheric instruments. These allow line and continuum observations addressing key questions in e.g., star formation, galactic evolution, and the life-cycle of interstellar clouds. This review presents scientific questions that can be addressed by the suite of current and future Antarctic observatories.
Winterover scientists in Antarctic Astrophysics
Authors: Tothill N. F. H. , Martin C. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAstronomy in Antarctica is largely carried out in winter, and so winterover scientists are required to run the instruments. A winterover appointment is a unique opportunity for a scientist, but brings challenges for both the scientist and the larger instrument team. We give a brief review of how winterovers work and their experiences. Although recent projects have required less support from winterover scientists, we believe that they will be a feature of Antarctic astronomy and astrophysics into the future.
Astronomy from 80 Degrees North on Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Steinbring Eric 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSite testing carried out on Ellesmere Island over recent years has shown that mountainous coastal terrain there can provide high clear-sky fractions in the long dark season, with low precipitable water-vapour column and prospects for excellent seeing. This presents new possibilities for time-domain and survey-mode science in the northern hemisphere, allowing uninterrupted high-precision photometry in the optical/near-infrared, but also gains in the submillimetre/millimetre. Efforts underway at the Eureka research station, at 80 degrees latitude, are reviewed. This location provides year-round access to a nearby site being developed as a pathfinder observatory. A program of variable-star and transient searches involving a wide-field imaging system has begun, with some early results. Plans include extrasolar-planet hunting via transit surveys, and future directions are discussed.
Precision CMB measurements with long-duration stratospheric balloons: activities in the Arctic
Authors: de Bernardis P. , Masi S. ,   for the OLIMPO and LSPE teams
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report on the activities preparing long duration stratospheric flights, suitable for CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) measurements, in the Arctic region. We focus on pathfinder flights, and on two forthcoming experiments to be flown from Longyearbyen (Svalbard islands): the OLIMPO Sunyaev-Zeldovich spectrometer, and the Large-Scale Polarization Explorer (LSPE).
Present and Future Observations of the Earthshine from Antarctica
Authors: Briot Danielle , Arnold Luc , Jacquemoud Stéphane 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt is likely that images of Earth-like planets will be obtained in the next years. The first images will actually come down to single dots, in which biomarkers can be searched. Taking the Earth as a example of planet providing life, Earthshine observations showed that the spectral signature of photosynthetic pigments and atmospheric biogenic molecules was detectable, suggesting that, in principle, life on other planets could be detected on a global scale, if it is widely spread and distinguishable from known abiotic spectral signatures. As for the Earth, we already showed that the Vegetation Red Edge which is related to chlorophyll absorption features was larger when continents, versus oceans, were facing the Moon. It proved that an elementary mapping of a planet was even possible. In the frame of the LUCAS (LUmière Cendrée en Antarctique par Spectroscopie) project, the Earthshine has been measured in the Concordia Research Station (Dome C, Antarctica) long enough to observe variations corresponding to different parts of the Earth facing the Moon. An extension of this project, called LUCAS II, would allow long-term observations to detect seasonal variations in the vegetation signal. These data, together with precise measurements of the Earth's albedo, will help to validate a model of global and spectral albedo of our planet.
Progress and Results from the Chinese Small Telescope ARray (CSTAR)
Authors: Zhou Xu , Ashley M. C. B. , Cui Xiangqun , Feng Longlong , Gong Xuefei , Hu Jingyao , Jiang Zhaoji , Kulesa C. A. , Lawrence J. S. , Liu Genrong , Luong-Van D. M. , Ma Jun , Macri Lucas M. , Meng Zeyang , Moore A. M. , Qin Weijia , Shang Zhaohui , Storey J. W. V. , Sun Bo , Travouillon T. , Walker C. K. , Wang Jiali , Wang Lifan , Wang Lingzhi , Wang Songhu , Wu Jianghua , Wu Zhenyu , Xia Lirong , Yan Jun , Yang Ji , Yang Huigen , Yao Yongqiang , Yuan Xiangyan , York D. , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhanhai , Zhou Jilin , Zhu Zhenxi , Zou Hu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn 2008 January the 24th Chinese expedition team successfully deployed the Chinese Small Telescope ARray (CSTAR) to Dome A, the highest point on the Antarctic plateau. CSTAR consists of four 14.5cm optical telescopes, each with a different filter (g, r, i and open) and has a 4.5°×4.5° field of view (FOV). Based on the CSTAR data, initial statistics of astronomical observational site quality and light curves of variable objects were obtained. To reach higher photometric quality, we are continuing to work to overcome the effects of uneven cirrus cloud cirrus, optical “ghosts” and intra-pixel sensitivity. The snow surface stability is also tested for further astronomical observational instrument and for glaciology studies.
Next Generation Deep 2μm Survey
Authors: Mould Jeremy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere is a major opportunity for the KDUST 2.5 m telescope to carry out the next generation IR survey. A resolution of 0.2 arcsec is obtainable from Dome A over a wide field. This opens a unique discovery space during the 2015–2025 decade.A next generation 2μm survey will feed JWST with serendipitous targets for spectroscopy, including spectra and images of the first galaxies.
The SCAR Astronomy & Astrophysics from Antarctica Scientific Research Programme
Authors: Storey John W. V. , Abe Lyu , Andersen Michael , Anderson Philip , Burton Michael , Cui Xiangqun , Ichikawa Takashi , Karle Albrecht , Lloyd James , Masi Silvia , Steinbring Eric , Travouillon Tony , Tuthill Peter , Zhou HongYang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSCAR, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, is, like the IAU, a committee of ICSU, the International Council for Science. For over 30 years, SCAR has provided scientific advice to the Antarctic Treaty System and made numerous recommendations on a variety of matters. In 2010, Astronomy and Astrophysics from Antarctica was recognized as one of SCAR's five Scientific Research Programs. Broadly stated, the objectives of Astronomy & Astrophysics from Antarctica are to coordinate astronomical activities in Antarctica in a way that ensures the best possible outcomes from international investment in Antarctic astronomy, and maximizes the opportunities for productive interaction with other disciplines. There are four Working Groups, dealing with site testing, Arctic astronomy, science goals, and major new facilities. Membership of the Working Groups is open to any professional working in astronomy or a related field.
Dome C site testing: long term statistics of integrated optical turbulence parameters at ground level
Authors: Aristidi E. , Agabi A. , Fossat E. , Ziad A. , Abe L. , Bondoux E. , Bouchez G. , Challita Z. , Jeanneaux F. , Mékarnia D. , Petermann D. , Pouzenc C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present long term site testing statistics based on DIMM and GSM data obtained at Dome C, Antarctica. These data have been collected on the bright star Canopus since the end of 2003. We give values of the integrated turbulence parameters in the visible (wavelength 500 nm). The median value we obtained for the seeing are 1.2 arcsec, 2.0 arcsec and 0.8 arcsec at respective elevations of 8m, 3m and 20m above the ground. The isoplanatic angle median value is 4.0 arcsec and the median outer scale is 7.5m. We found that both the seeing and the isoplanatic angle exhibit a strong dependence with the season (the seeing is larger in winter while the isoplanatic angle is smaller).
Design and field testing of the Fish-Eye lens for optical atmospheric observations
Authors: Syniavskyi Ivan , Ivanov Yuriy , Chernous Sergey , Sigernes Fred 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Fish-Eye lens MAO-08 is intended for observations of weak extended objects (aurora, twilight and dawn phenomena, stratospheric clouds, etc.) in narrow spectral bands with variable passband filters VARISPEC and in white light. It is valuable for astronomical observation for the target – background problem when we need to estimate the spectral transparence of the atmosphere. Besides having high power this lens can be used for meteor observations. It has been tested during the winter field conditions.
SCIDAR: an optical turbulence profiler for Dome A
Authors: Liu Li-Yong , Yao Yong-Qiang , Vernin Jean , Chadid Merieme , Wang Hong-Shuai , Wang Yi-Ping 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces a plan to detect turbulence profiles at Dome A with a Single Star Scidar (SSS), to enhance our understanding of the characteristics of the site. The development of a portable monitor for profiling vertical atmospheric optical turbulence and wind speed is presented. By analyzing the spatial auto and cross-correlation functions of very short exposure images of single star scintillation patterns, the SSS can provide the vertical profiles of turbulence intensity C2n(h) and wind speed V(h). A SSS prototype is already operational at Ali in Tibet which will be improved in order to become fully robotic and adapted to extreme weather conditions that prevail at Dome A in Antarctica.
SONG China project – participating in the global network
Authors: Deng Licai , Xin Yu , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Yan , Jiang Xiaojun , Wang Guomin , Wang Kun , Zhou Jilin , Yan Zhengzhou , Luo Zhiquan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSONG (Stellar Observations Network Goup) is a low-cost ground based international collaboration aimed at two cutting edge problems in contemporary astrophysics in the time-domain: 1) Direct diagnostics of the internal structure of stars and 2) looking for and studying extra solar planets, possibly in the habitable zone. The general plan is to set up a network of 1m telescopes uniformly distributed in geographic latitude (in both hemispheres). China jointed the collaboration (initiated by Danish astronomers) at the very beginning. In addition to SONG's original plan (http://song.phys.au.dk), the Chinese team proposed a parallel photometry subnet work in the northern hemisphere, namely 50BiN (50cm Binocular Network, previously known as mini-SONG), to enable a large field photometric capability for the network, therefore maximising the potential of the network platform. The network will be able to produce nearly continuous time series observations of a number of selected objects with high resolution spectroscopy (SONG) and accurate photometry (50BiN), and to produce ultra-high accuracy photometry in dense field to look for micro-lensing events caused by planetary systems. This project has great synergy with Chinese Astronomical activities in Antarctica (Dome A), and other similar networks (e.g. LCOGT). The plan and current status of the project are overviewed in this poster.
Electron-antineutrino disappearance seen by Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment
Authors: Wang Ruiguang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a non-zero value for the neutrino mixing angle θ13 with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GWth reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near and one far underground experimental halls. With a 116.8 kton-GWth-day live-time exposure in 139 days, 28,909 (205,308) electron-antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near hall). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is R = 0.944 ± 0.007 ± 0.003 (syst). A rate-only analysis finds sin22θ13 = 0.089 ± 0.010 (stat) ± 0.005 (syst) in a three-neutrino framework.
Test and Commissioning of the AST3-1 Control System
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Wang Daxing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe first of three Antarctic Survey Telescopes (AST3-1), a 50/68cm Schmidt-like equatorial-mount telescope, is the first trackable Chinese telescope operating on the Antarctic plateau. It was installed at Dome A (80°22′, 77°21′E, 4,093m), the highest place on the Antarctic plateau, in 2012. The telescope is unmanned during night-time operations through the Austral winter. The telescope optics and mechanics, as well as the motors and position sensors, are exposed to a harsh environment. The mechanics is enclosed with a foldable tent-like dome to prevent snow, diamond dust and ice. While the control cabinet containing drive boxes, circuit board boxes, power converters and the Telescope Control Computer (TCC) is located inside the warm instrumental module. In about 15 weeks remote testing and commissioning, from January 24 when the expedition team left there to May 8, when the communication failed, we obtained images with the best FWHM of less than 2″. We also recorded the telescope movement performance and fine-tuned the dynamic properties of the telescope control system. Some experiences and lessons will be disscussed in this paper.