bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halido‐Bridged 1D Mixed‐Valence CuI–CuII Coordination Polymers Bearing a Piperidine‐1‐carbodithioato Ligand: Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Conductive Properties, and Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Tanaka Naoya , Okubo Takashi , Anma Haruho , Kim Kyung Ho , Inuzuka Yoshie , Maekawa Masahiko , Kuroda‐Sowa Takayoshi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNew mixed‐valence CuI–CuII 1D coordination polymers of the structure [CuI2CuIIX2(Pip‐dtc)2(CH3CN)2]n [Pip‐dtc = piperidine‐1‐carbodithioate; X = Br (1a), I (1b)] containing a dithiocarbamate derivative have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The 1D infinite chains were formed from mononuclear copper units [Cu(Pip‐dtc)2] connected by bromido‐ or iodido‐bridged copper dinuclear units that include acetonitrile ligands {i.e., [Cu2X2(CH3CN)2]}. Evaluation of the magnetic properties of 1a and 1b revealed that these complexes displayed relatively strong antiferromagnetic interactions [J = –20.4 cm–1 (1a) and J = –18.8 cm–1 (1b)] between unpaired electrons of the copper(II) ions through the dinuclear halido–copper(I) units. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that complexes 1a and 1b exhibit intriguing semiconducting properties at activation energies of Ea = 0.78 eV (1a) and Ea = 0.62 eV (1b). Coordination polymers 1a and 1b were then adopted as the sensitizing material in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of a New Prussian Blue Type Material
Authors: Qu Jianying , Kang Shiping , Du Xueping , Lou Tongfang , Qu Jianhang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis work reports on a material synthesized via 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate and K3[Fe(CN)6]. Its structure and properties were characterized by IR, XPS, AFM and CV, which was inferred as Prussian Blue Type (PBT) material with particle size distribution between 80–120 nm and spike‐like aggregation from the characterization results. PBT is insoluble in acetone, water and ethanol uniformly, which gives magnetic properties. It can be reacted with 30 % H2O2, and produce gas bubbles when a voltage is applied. Modified on the glassy carbon electrode, the material showed obviously electrocatalytic activity to sodium nitrite, which has potential application prospect for sensors.
Multianalyte Microphysiometry of Macrophage Responses to Phorbol Myristate Acetate, Lipopolysaccharide, and Lipoarabinomannan
Authors: Kimmel Danielle W. , Meschievitz Mika E. , Hiatt Leslie A. , Cliffel David E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study examined the hypothesis that mycobacterial antigens generate different metabolic responses in macrophages as compared to gram‐negative effectors and macrophage activators. To this end, we utilized platinum electrodes and a light addressable potentiometric sensor to observe dynamic electrochemical changes in metabolic flux, as well as extracellular acidification. While phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is commonly used to study macrophage activation, the concentration used to create this physiological response varies. The response of RAW‐264.7 macrophages is concentration‐dependent, where the metabolic response to high concentrations of PMA decreases suggesting deactivation. The gram‐negative effector, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was seen to promote oxygen production which was used to produce a delayed onset of oxidative burst. Pre‐incubation with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) allowed a synergistic effect between IFN‐γ and LPS, allowing immediate initiation of oxidative burst. These studies exhibited a stark contrast with lipoarabinomannan (LAM), an antigenic glycolipid component associated with the bacterial genus Mycobacterium. The presence of LAM effectively inhibits any metabolic response preventing consumption of glucose and oxygen for the promotion of oxidative burst and to ensure pathogenic proliferation. This study demonstrates for the first time the immediate inhibitory metabolic effects LAM has on macrophages, suggesting implications for future intervention studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Wavelet‐based data compression for flow simulation on block‐structured Cartesian mesh
Authors: Sakai Ryotaro , Sasaki Daisuke , Obayashi Shigeru , Nakahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYA data compression method based on image encoding techniques is presented for a flow simulation data set. An input flow field data set is converted into the octree structure by discrete wavelet transform, and then quantized finely or coarsely depending on its importance in the flow field. Embedded zerotree wavelet encoding as the image encoding technique and entropy encoding reduce the data size by making use of the octree structure created previously. The present compression method is incorporated in a block‐structured Cartesian mesh method called Building‐Cube method. The Building‐Cube method gives not only good performance in the flow simulation but also consistency with the embedded zerotree wavelet encoding in the data compression. Three compression cases for incompressible and compressible flow simulations, including a large‐scale simulation with O(10 8) mesh points, demonstrate that the present compression method gives both high compression ratios and good qualities of compressed data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Phenotypic Heterogeneity to Increase the Power of Genome‐Wide Association Studies: Application to Age at Onset of Ischaemic Stroke Subphenotypes
Authors: Traylor Matthew , Bevan Steve , Rothwell Peter M. , Sudlow Cathie , Dichgans Martin , Markus Hugh S. , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying common variants related to complex disorders. However, some disorders have proved resistant to this strategy with few associations confirmed, despite evidence from twin and family studies of a genetic component. Sophisticated strategies that account for phenotypic heterogeneity may be required to uncover these genetic contributions. Age at onset is an example of a potential source of this heterogeneity in ischaemic stroke. We explore the contribution of age at onset in the Wellcome Trust Case‐Control Consortium 2 ischaemic stroke study. We first examine four established stroke loci in younger onset cases. We extend this to all single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genome‐wide, testing for stronger association signals in younger subsets of cases. Finally, we estimate the pseudoheritability accounted for by common SNPs present on genome‐wide genotyping arrays for cases stratified by age at onset. We find evidence for stronger associations in younger onset cases for the four established stroke loci. Genome‐wide, in cardioembolic and small vessel stroke subphenotypes, a significant number of SNPs show stronger association P‐values when the oldest cases are removed. Finally, we show that the pseudoheritability estimated by common SNPs in cardioembolic stroke increased from 16.5% for older onset cases to 28.5% for younger onset cases. Our results indicate that age at onset is a valuable measure for case ascertainment and in analysis of GWAS in ischaemic stroke: focussing on younger cases who may have a stronger genetic predisposition increases power to detect associations.
An ocean coupling potential intensity index for tropical cyclones
Authors: Lin I.‐I. , Black P. , Price J. F. , Yang C.‐Y. , Chen S. S. , Lien C.‐C. , Harr P. , Chi N.‐H. , Wu C.‐C. , D'Asaro E. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTimely and accurate forecasts of tropical cyclones (TCs, i.e., hurricanes and typhoons) are of great importance for risk mitigation. Although in the past two decades there has been steady improvement in track prediction, improvement on intensity prediction is still highly challenging. Cooling of the upper ocean by TC‐induced mixing is an important process that impacts TC intensity. Based on detail in situ air‐deployed ocean and atmospheric measurement pairs collected during the Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) field campaign, we modify the widely used Sea Surface Temperature Potential Intensity (SST_PI) index by including information from the subsurface ocean temperature profile to form a new Ocean coupling Potential Intensity (OC_PI) index. Using OC_PI as a TC maximum intensity predictor and applied to a 14 year (1998–2011) western North Pacific TC archive, OC_PI reduces SST_PI‐based overestimation of archived maximum intensity by more than 50% and increases the correlation of maximum intensity estimation from r2 = 0.08 to 0.31. For slow‐moving TCs that cause the greatest cooling, r2 increases to 0.56 and the root‐mean square error in maximum intensity is 11 m s−1. As OC_PI can more realistically characterize the ocean contribution to TC intensity, it thus serves as an effective new index to improve estimation and prediction of TC maximum intensity.
Source‐rupture process of the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki, Japan, earthquake (Mw 7.9) estimated from the joint inversion of strong‐motion and GPS Data: Relationship with seamount and Philippine Sea Plate
Authors: Kubo Hisahiko , Asano Kimiyuki , Iwata Tomotaka 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe source‐rupture process of the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki earthquake was estimated from the joint inversion of the strong‐motion and global positioning system (GPS) data. The estimated seismic moment and maximum slip are 7.8 × 1020 Nm (Mw 7.9) and 6.3 m, respectively. The total rupture duration is approximately 30 s. The derived source model has one large slip area, which is surrounded by the subducted seamount and the northeastern edge of the Philippine Sea plate. From this model, we concluded that the rupture propagation of the 2011 Ibaraki‐oki earthquake was stopped by the seamount and the Philippine Sea plate. We also showed the possibility of the rupture of this event being the reactivation of the preexisting asperity of an event that occurred in 1923.
Blockade of BDNF signaling turns chemically‐induced long‐term potentiation into long‐term depression
Authors: Montalbano A. , Baj G. , Papadia D. , Tongiorgi E. , Sciancalepore M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTLong‐term potentiation (LTP) is accompanied by increased spine density and dimensions triggered by signaling cascades involving activation of the neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytoskeleton remodeling. Chemically‐induced long‐term potentiation (c‐LTP) is a widely used cellular model of plasticity, whose effects on spines have been poorly investigated. We induced c‐LTP by bath‐application of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) coagonist glycine or by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA) chloride in cultured hippocampal neurons and compared the changes in dendritic spines induced by the two models of c‐LTP and determined if they depend on BDNF/TrkB signaling. We found that both TEA and glycine induced a significant increase in stubby spine density in primary and secondary apical dendrites, whereas a specific increase in mushroom spine density was observed upon TEA application only in primary dendrites. Both TEA and glycine increased BDNF levels and the blockade of tropomyosin‐receptor‐kinase receptors (TrkRs) by the nonselective tyrosine kinase inhibitor K‐252a or the selective allosteric TrkB receptor (TrkBR) inhibitor ANA‐12, abolished the c‐LTP‐induced increase in spine density. Surprisingly, a blockade of TrkBRs did not change basal spontaneous glutamatergic transmission but completely changed the synaptic plasticity induced by c‐LTP, provoking a shift from a long‐term increase to a long‐term depression (LTD) in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency. In conclusion, these results suggest that BDNF/TrkB signaling is necessary for c‐LTP‐induced plasticity in hippocampal neurons and its blockade leads to a switch of c‐LTP into chemical‐LTD (c‐LTD). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Writing “Voiced” Arguments About Science Topics
Authors: Monahan Mary Beth 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis teacher‐research study responds to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) call for an integrated model of literacy that simultaneously builds deep content knowledge and develops students' proficiency in writing arguments in science. The author notes that while argument is a cornerstone of the CCSS writing standards, little attention is paid to the issue of “voice.” Asserting that voice is often what makes arguments compelling, the author urges teachers to engage students in the formal study of “voice” while teaching opinion/argumentative writing. The author describes a “science sleuth” simulation unit she implemented to help students perform the production strategies necessary for composing “voiced” scientific arguments. Using grounded theory methodology, the author presents student writing samples to spotlight the challenges, benefits and potential pitfalls of encouraging sixth graders to write scientific arguments with voice—authority, conviction, commitment, and a command of the subject matter.
Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and incident fractures in older men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study
Authors: Lane Nancy E , Parimi Neeta , Corr Maripat , Yao Wei , Cauley Jane A , Nielson Carrie M , Ix Joseph H , Kado Deborah , Orwoll Eric ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Normal mineral metabolism is critical for skeletal integrity, and recently serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels were found to be directly related to overall fracture risk in elderly Swedish men. To confirm this association, we performed a prospective case-cohort study to understand the relation of FGF23 and fracture risk in older white men enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. In the cohort of 5994 men attending the baseline MrOS examination, we evaluated a subgroup of 387 men with incident nonvertebral fracture including 73 hip fractures and a sample of 1385 men randomly selected from the cohort with baseline mineral and calcium hormone measurements. FGF23 was measured in baseline serum samples by ELISA (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Modified Cox proportional hazards models that account for case-cohort study design were used to estimate the relative hazards (RH) of fracture in men across quartiles of FGF23. Subjects were also stratified by renal function, and RH per strata was estimated in men with the highest quartile of FGF23 compared with quartiles 3, 2, and 1. Overall, there was no difference in risk of nonspine or hip fracture by baseline FGF23. However, associations differed by strata of eGFRCrCy. Among men with eGFRCrCys &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 73/313 nonspine fractures), the RH in the highest quartile of FGF23 compared with the rest was 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–3.79), but in men with eGFRCrCy, &gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (304/1370 fractures) the RH was 0.91 (95% CI 0.66–1.25) after adjustment for age, clinic site, body mass index, race, total hip bone mineral density, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, alcohol use, physical activity, fracture history, and serum phosphorus. Serum FGF23 levels are not associated with incident fractures in elderly men overall. However, higher levels of serum FGF23 are associated with fracture risk in those with poor renal function. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hepatitis C Co-infection and Severity of Liver Disease as Risk Factors for Osteoporotic Fractures Among HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Maalouf Naim M , Zhang Song , Drechsler Henning , Brown Geri R , Tebas Pablo , Bedimo Roger 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis is increasingly reported in the aging HIV-positive population, and co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) may further increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, it remains unclear whether HCV-related increased fracture risk is a function of the severity of liver disease. We calculated the time-updated alanine aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score (an indirect marker of hepatic fibrosis) in all HIV-infected patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs' Clinical Case Registry between 1984 and 2009. The association between HCV co-infection and incident osteoporotic fracture (defined as closed wrist, vertebral, or hip fracture) was assessed in univariate and multivariate Cox survival models adjusting for traditional risk factors for osteoporosis and APRI score or the presence of cirrhosis. A total of 772 osteoporotic fractures were identified among 56,660 HIV-infected patients (98.1% male; 31.3% HCV co-infected; median age 44.0 years) contributing 305,237 patient-years of follow-up. Fracture rates were significantly higher among HIV/HCV patients than HIV-only patients (2.57 versus 2.07/1000 patient-years, relative risk = 1.24, p &lt; 0.0001). In a Cox multivariable model including age, race, smoking, drug use, body mass index, and antiretroviral therapy, HCV co-infection remained an independent predictor of osteoporotic fractures after controlling for presence of cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32; p &lt; 0.001) or APRI score (HR = 1.30; p = 0.003). Among HIV/HCV co-infected patients, cirrhosis strongly predicted osteoporotic fractures (HR = 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.44; p = 0.012), but APRI score was a weaker predictor (HR = 1.008; 95% CI 1.002–1.014; p = 0.015). In conclusion, among HIV-infected patients, severity of liver disease partly explains the HCV-associated increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Other determinants of this increased risk remain to be defined. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hox Gene Deformed is likely involved in mandibular regression during presoldier differentiation in the nasute termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis
Authors: Toga Kouhei , Saiki Ryota , Maekawa Kiyoto 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTDivision of labor is a distinguishing characteristic of eusocial insects. To understand the proximate factors underlying caste determination, it is essential to clarify the developmental mechanisms during the differentiation of each caste. Termite soldiers have species‐specific and diverse morphologies that are specialized for colony defense. Soldiers of the subfamily Nasutitermitinae (Termitidae), one of the most derived termite groups, possess a long, horn‐like frontal projection (nasus), an invaginated glandular structure in the head (frontal gland), and regressed mandibles. These morphological changes occur prior to the molt into presoldiers (the preceding stage of soldiers). In Drosophila and other insects, Hox genes determine segment identities; thus they might be involved in such body‐part‐specific modifications during soldier differentiation. Deformed (Dfd) functions not only in the formation of the mandible and maxilla but also in other head parts (e.g., eye‐antennal disc) in other insects. In this study, we examined Dfd functions in nasus/frontal gland formation and mandibular regression in Nasutitermes takasagoensis. Relative expression analyses showed that Dfd expression levels in the mouthparts were significantly higher than those in any other body parts of workers before presoldier molt. Dfd RNA interference resulted in the inhibition of mandibular regression during presoldier differentiation, but nasus and frontal gland formation were not affected. These results suggest that Dfd is involved in the determination of mandibular positional information and specific modification during presoldier differentiation in N. takasagoensis. This is the first work to show the effects of Hox genes on caste‐specific morphogenesis in social insects. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B: 385–392, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of AIRS/AMSU‐A water vapor and temperature data with in situ aircraft observations from the surface to UT/LS from 87°N–67°S
Authors: Diao Minghui , Jumbam Loayeh , Sheffield Justin , Wood Eric F. , Zondlo Mark A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractValidation of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU‐A) data set with in situ observations provides useful information on its application to climate and weather studies. However, different space/time averaging windows have been used in past studies, and questions remain on the variation of errors in space, such as between land/ocean and the Northern/Southern Hemispheres. In this study, in situ aircraft measurements of water vapor and temperature are compared with the AIRS/AMSU‐A retrievals (Version 5 Level 2) from 87°N to 67°S and from the surface to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). By using a smaller comparison window (1 h and 22.5 km) than previous studies, we show that the absolute percentage difference of water vapor (|dH2Operc|) is ~20–60% and the absolute temperature difference (|dTemp|) is ~1.0–2.5 K. The land retrievals show improvements versus Version 4 by ~5% in water vapor concentration and ~0.2 K in temperature at 200–800 mbar. The land (ocean) retrievals are colder and drier (warmer and moister) than the in situ observations in the boundary layer, warmer and drier (warmer and moister) at the UT/LS. No significant differences between hemispheres are noted. Overall, future comparisons are suggested to be done within 4 h and 100 km in order to keep the errors from window sizes within ~10%. To constrain the uncertainties in previous validation results, we show that every 22.5 km (or 1 h) increment in window sizes contributes to ~2% |dH2Operc| and ~0.1 K |dTemp| increases.
Natural land carbon dioxide exchanges in the ECMWF integrated forecasting system: Implementation and offline validation
Authors: Boussetta Souhail , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Beljaars Anton , Panareda Anna‐Agusti , Calvet Jean‐Christophe , Jacobs Cor , van den Hurk Bart , Viterbo Pedro , Lafont Sebastien , Dutra Emanuel , Jarlan Lionel , Balzarolo Manuela , Papale Dario , van der Werf Guido 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts land surface model has been extended to include a carbon dioxide module. This relates photosynthesis to radiation, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, soil moisture, and temperature. Furthermore, it has the option of deriving a canopy resistance from photosynthesis and providing it as a stomatal control to the transpiration formulation. Ecosystem respiration is based on empirical relations dependent on temperature, soil moisture, snow depth, and land use. The CO2 model is designed for the numerical weather prediction (NWP) environment where it benefits from good quality meteorological input (i.e., radiation, temperature, and soil moisture). This paper describes the CO2 model formulation and the way it is optimized making use of off‐line simulations for a full year of tower observations at 34 sites. The model is then evaluated against the same observations for a different year. A correlation coefficient of 0.65 is obtained between model simulations and observations based on 10 day averaged CO2 fluxes. For sensible and latent heat fluxes there is a correlation coefficient of 0.80. To study the impact on atmospheric CO2, coupled integrations are performed for the 2003 to 2008 period. The global atmospheric growth is well reproduced. The simulated interannual variability is shown to reproduce the observationally based estimates with a correlation coefficient of 0.70. The main conclusions are (i) the simple carbon dioxide model is highly suitable for the numerical weather prediction environment where environmental factors are controlled by data assimilation, (ii) the use of a carbon dioxide model for stomatal control has a positive impact on evapotranspiration, and (iii) even using a climatological leaf area index, the interannual variability of the global atmospheric CO2 budget is well reproduced due to the interannual variability in the meteorological forcing (i.e., radiation, precipitation, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture) despite the simplified or missing processes. This highlights the importance of meteorological forcing but also cautions the use of such a simple model for process attribution.