bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holistic Approach in Dealing with Accelerated Plug and Abandonment (P&A) Project to Mitigate Gas Leak
Authors: Razak M. N. Abdul , Hamid A. Abdul , Zawawi A. , Khalid M. , Shah S. Masroll , Ezani F. S. , Sellapan S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An incident of a gas leak was reported on an offshore platform in Malaysia. Observers noticed a gas cloud emerging from a well on the platform, accompanied by water and mud returning to the conductor and surface casing of the wellhead. At the same time, a drilling rig was operating on an adjacent platform. As a result of this incident, an immediate evacuation was carried out on the platform, and incident control measures were implemented on the drilling rig. The management made the decision to address the gas leak problem by plugging and abandoning (P&A) the well before resuming production and drilling activities on the platform. Production was halted, and drilling operations were suspended until the well was secured, causing financial and production losses for the company.
Within a month of preparation, the HWU Rig, along with well services, was mobilized to an offshore location. This paper discusses on the comprehensive planning, challenges, steps, and arrangements involved in the execution of the plug and abandonment (P&A) project. The topics covered range from rig readiness and acceptance to engineering planning, contracts, manpower, services, governance, and more. Various stakeholders, such as Facilities, Production, Intervention, and others, collaborated to make this endeavour feasible. All these parties were brought together as a cohesive team to ensure its success.
The traditional approach to project execution, which has been widely accepted in the industry for many years, is being strongly challenged by fast-track projects. This project demanded added flexibility in decision-making processes, without compromising governance and safety. The project team encountered various challenges and devised solutions to achieve project success. Some of these challenges and solutions include:
HWU Rig Readiness and Acceptance – Partial acceptance was conducted at different locations to meet the project timeline. Acceptance requirements were innovatively engineered to suit the time constraints. Stakeholder Management – Multiple stakeholders were integrated to enable concurrent activities and resource sharing, thereby minimizing costs and improving efficiency. Engineering & Technology – Offline jobs were performed on the well to gather more information and optimize time. New technologies (First In the world Technology Application – Perf, Wash & Bismuth) were explored and deployed to enhance assurance and ensure the secure P&A of the well.
This paper highlights the significance of meticulous planning, engineering, and an innovative approach in successfully executing a time and cost-constrained fast-track project. The collaborative efforts of numerous stakeholders were essential in ensuring that the project was accomplished while upholding governance and safety standards. This approach facilitated the implementation of cutting-edge technology at each stage, setting a benchmark for excellence.
Enhancing Red Zone Safety in the Drilling Industry: A New Metric for Quantifying Risk Exposure
Authors: McGuire T. , McCormick C. A. , Martin T. , Reixach D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There can never be enough useful tools in the offshore drilling industry's safety management systems when pursuing the furtherance of crew safety while improving operational performance. As Transocean worked on this goal, it was determined the exposure rate of personnel during critical operations was not being taken into consideration to show the overall impact technology has in reducing personnel risk. Additionally, no industry established metric existed to quantify personnel exposure and reduction once a new technology was introduced.
To address this, Transocean established a new metric called the Red Zone Exposure Rate (RZER) to assist in quantifying the baseline and reduced risk once new technologies are introduced. Utilizing real-time location systems, such as HaloGuard®, paves the way to further minimize personnel exposure to the red zone by evaluating the adherence and effectiveness of operational procedures and automates the measurement of the RZER metric. Other technologies designed to automate operations and move personnel away from the red zone, include Robotic Riser System and Rotary Multi-Tool, all of which reduce the need for manual intervention in high-risk zones. The RZER metric can now be utilized to quantify the benefit each of these technologies provide in reducing the red zone exposure rate to personnel on the rig on which the technology is deployed.
This paper covers the development of the new RZER metric that offers industry-wide application, how the new metric can be leveraged and practical applications for the metric across the industry to help achieve the goal of minimizing red zone exposure.
Rig with MPD Single Choke Integrated Solution and Advanced Drilling Automation Delivers a Record in the Delaware Basin
Authors: Kocsis A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Operator desired to keep Mud Weight (MW) as low as possible to avoid potential losses in the Brushy Canyon formation. Once passed the Brushy Canyon intermediate section they needed Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) to maintain higher Equivalent Mud Weight (EMW) in the production curve and lateral to maintain wellbore stability and mitigate influxes by applying Surface Back Pressure (SBP) to increase Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) at the base of the curve.
Achieving the Impossible: Making Factory Style Offshore Asset Retirement a Reality
Authors: Peerapat Sinlawat , Aaftaab Kharbanda 
Published: August 2024

Chevron Thailand has been operating in the Gulf of Thailand for over 50 years. Several thousands of wells were developed and provided the energy foundation to the Kingdom of Thailand. Plug and Abandonment (P&A) is an obligation and part of the decommissioning activity at the end of these wells’ life. With aging wells and facilities together with the approaching of production ending period in Block 10-13, Chevron Thailand were looking at the seemingly impossible task of carrying out well P&A programs of a vast amount of offshore depleted wells with a very limited timeframe.
While envisioning the project, standardization of the planning process, Customization of the drilling rig, selecting performance-oriented service partners and building a culture of continuous improvement during the execution phase were setup to be the key drivers for success. From Jan 2020 to Apr 2022, amid the COVID19 pandemic, Chevron Thailand performed Plug and Abandonment on more than 3500 wells, with continuously improving efficiency, and returned the G1 concession to the Thai government.
This paper reviews the planning, technical and process aspects of this incredible project that led to this remarkable outcome.
Drill Out Long Interval Hard Cement and Metal Plug Using Coiled Tubing at Sidetracked Well: Lesson Learned from Mahakam Offshore Campaign, Indonesia
Authors: Bogianto R. W. , Rahmadhani M. I , Kristanti F. Y. , Kurniawati P. S. , Tampubolon H. F. , Panjaitan R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
With the current mature production environment, massive drilling campaign is subject for cost efficiency to unlock marginal reserve in Mahakam Offshore Field which also lead to unexpected problem and restrict the production of the well, such as under displace problem during cementing job which result cement presence inside production tubing. A rigless intervention job such as drill out cement operation is required to regain access from restriction and unlock well potential.

Method, Procedures, Process
The decision to utilize coiled tubing for cement removal was driven by its ability to offer small equipment footprint & cheaper drill out cement cost from snubbing or electricline. Maximum coiled tubing yield strength (up to 53,000 lbs) and circulating pressure (up to 4,500 psi) will limit the pumping rate that can be applied, thus it will be the challenge to reach critical annular velocity for lifting cuttings so periodical long sweep need to be done. The simulation shows maximum net of WOB that can be applied to bit around 3881 lb, to compensate low WOB it is proposed to gradually increase the flow rate until got optimum ROP.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The operation used cement mills, such as turbo scale mills and junk metal muncher mills, to clear wellbore access until float collar depth. Mill bit several times got stopped at downhole safety valve depth and needed to be pumped to be able to pass through without damaging the downhole valve. Mill bit inspection result after the operation shows the rubber of the stator got damaged and plugged the bit nozzle, thus, decreasing the rate of penetration. High pulling weight occurred frequently due to annular velocity not being achieved and cuttings locked up at the tangential section, thus, many long sweep is needed and prolong the operation. The drill-out operation of approximately 2,200 ft of hard cement and metal plug using coiled tubing was successfully done with a cost of about 500,000 USD and a duration of 24 days, with a production gain of 11 million cubic feet gas per day and 800 barrels of condensate per day. The successful of pilot well, the engineering review and the implementation of specific mitigation strategies set a strong foundation for considering the very shallow reservoir as a development target and industrialized. This determination can be solidified by evaluating the results from multiple trial campaigns to give solid safe conclusion in producing very shallow reservoir with robust and comprehensive data.
Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) Drilling & Completion Well Integrity Lifecycle Challenges & Mitigations
Authors: Picha Mahesh S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The growing global awareness of international climate change has compelled the global industry to take responsibility for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As part of an Oil and Gas Operator's strategy to address this issue, a roadmap has been developed to capture and store carbon dioxide (CCS). This paper provides insights into CCS projects that employ a Storage Development Plan (SDP), which involves separation of CO2 from existing oil and gas producing fields with high CO2 content, and then reinjecting it into reservoirs with essential caprock geological seals for containment. Injector wells, either newly drilled or retro-fitted from existing fields, will be utilized to inject and store the produced CO2. Ensuring the integrity of all wells is crucial for preventing CO2 leakage and ensuring long-term containment sustainability along the wellpath, including both existing Plug and Abandonment (P&A) wells and active ones that intersect the chosen CO2 storage reservoir, as illustrated in Figure 1
The development wells within the identified depleted gas field have exceeded 30 years in age and were originally designed without considering the presence of high CO2 concentrations in the reservoir. The possibility of leakage along the wellbores due to accelerated corrosion, channeling, and cracks cannot be overlooked and necessitates thorough evaluation. A meticulous process has been implemented to assess the viability of converting existing producers into CO2 injectors. Discrepancies between the prescribed designs for gas production wells and CO2 injection wells dictate whether they can be repurposed for CO2 injection or need to be decommissioned. The determination of the optimal number of required CO2 injectors involves a screening process from fat to slim design approaches, utilizing corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) materials and CO2-resistant cement to ensure lifecycle integrity. Maintaining an optimum angle between 40 to 60 degrees and sustaining the necessary injection pressure at the required rate for injecting supercritical CO2 over a 25-year period are critical considerations. Additionally, challenges during well execution, such as anti-collision risks and total loss scenarios while drilling in carbonate reservoirs, must be addressed. Completion design focuses on minimizing the number of completion components to reduce pressure differentials and potential leak paths from the tubing hanger down to the lower completion's end. Well design optimization from fat to slim has been conducted based on sensitivity analysis outputs from Software. Monitoring the well integrity lifecycle involves utilizing the latest-generation fiber optic technology for in-country value as well as acquiring seismic data for CO2 plume development.
Successfully Curing Dynamic Losses in a Highly Fractured Reservoir Section by Using an Engineered Self-Degradable Lost Circulation Material in a Field Trial in Middle East
Authors: Omer Mohammed , Fragachan Francisco E. , Strickland Samuel K. , Perez Gregory P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lost circulation of drilling fluids costs the oil and gas industry about $1 Billion USD per year, with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region accounting for most of such lost circulation events. Within MENA, these observed losses are due to the prevalence of natural fractures, especially in carbonate reservoirs. In a worst-case scenario, if not mitigated, lost circulation could lead to well control challenges, wellbore instability issues and potential loss of downhole tools and equipment. The challenge in MENA is further complicated by high-temperature reservoir sections, which may cause thermal instability of typically used polymeric lost circulation materials (LCMs).
In this case study, we used a geomechanics-based approach to create bridging and sealing at the fracture aperture using a bi-particle self-degradable lost circulation fluid system. The effectiveness of the system was assessed by considering interactions between particles and slurry fluid, with respect to the wellbore profile. The analysis was performed using an analytical model dictated by fluid density, viscosity, flow rate, and travel distance of LCM slurry, with the aim of minimizing issues related to dispersion and interface instabilities.
This paper discusses the results of our first successful field trial job in Iraq. The well had earlier experienced total losses amounting to 167,250 barrels (bbl), with the 6″ reservoir section only accounting for 9,050 bbl of the observed losses prior to using the bi-particulate self-degradable LCM system. This holistic geomechanics-based approach of designing LCM helped in curing losses in the highly faulted and fractured reservoir section. A 20-bbl pill of the bi-particulate system was pumped at 4.2 bpm and 51 psi via an open-ended pipe then displaced with 110 bbl. of water at 4.2 bpm and 81 psi at a depth of 9317 ft. The operator subsequently filled the string with 87 gpm and then increased flow in successive steps upto 250 gpm and observed no dynamic losses, allowing the well to be drilled ahead successfully. The LCM system was effectively able to stop the losses, allowing the hole section to be drilled successfully, after several attempts using traditional methods.
For the case study highlighted in this paper, the approach and LCM system was successfully able to prevent dynamic losses in the reservoir section without damaging the formation, hence confirming the viability of this technology and material. This model can be applied across the globe where similar challenges present themselves. This paper will provide an insight into ideas revolving around degradable LCM materials, as part of our commitment to make the industry cleaner and greener and minimize unwanted environmental impact.
Revolutionizing Casing Running: Redefining Efficiency with Automation
Authors: Nguyen Dianne Hernandez 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The initial use of power tongs for casing connections has evolved into a more advanced method, involving the tie-in of a CRT (casing running tool) to the top drive in parallel to the rig's operating system to automate the operation. In integrated casing running, the common contributors to flat times have been identified in aligning the CRT tool into the joint, connection makeup, and intermittent filling up of the casing string with drilling fluid. The connection times from slips to slips, can vary from different factors such as the driller’s expertise, visibility of the CRT tool position, and the effectiveness of crew communication. Nabors Drilling Solutions recognized the areas where improvements were attainable through automation and implemented an engineered solution comprised of mechanical and software enhancements. This innovative approach delivered consistent casing connection times while eliminating the human error that can lead to misapplied torque and the risk of joint damage or cross-threading incidents. A field test conducted in West Texas demonstrated a 67% reduction in the time required for CRT alignment when compared to the conventional casing running method. This paper highlights the advancements achieved through automation and optimized processes in integrated casing running, improving performance and increased safety.
Drilling the Deepest Onshore Directional Well in Asia: Value of Good Planning and Systematic Execution on an Ultra-Extended-Reach Drilling Campaign
Authors: Zongqi Chen , Xianghua Liu , Shuanggui Li , Dengxiang Bai , Goke Akinniranye , Zhaoxiang Fan , Zhong He , Yang Yu , Shiying Liu , Jingfeng Li , Shengquan Wu , Qiang Hu , Fan Yang , Liuwei Li , Xianbing Wang , Ziliang Wang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Yuejin 3-3XC well in the Tahe oilfield, located in the Tarim Basin of China, is more than just a drilling project. It is a scientific endeavor specifically designed to target the carbonate lithology of the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation. Commencing in 1980, the exploration of the field has resulted in over 2,300 wells drilled to date. The well profile of YJ3-3XC presented unique challenges, given the complexity of the geology and the geomechanical risks involved. However, the well was drilled and completed, making it Asia's deepest onshore extended-reach well. The findings from this project are a testament to our technical prowess and a treasure trove of knowledge for the industry. This paper comprehensively summarizes the work and progress in delivering Asia's deepest extended-reach drilling (ERD) project. It covers the technical challenges faced, the design solutions implemented, the operational practices adopted, and the systematic approach to well-planning that led to exceptional results. The paper also discusses the modeling and simulation work to plan and develop a comprehensive well program, real-time data to validate models resulting in significant cost savings, and the processes adopted to ensure team-wide understanding and commitment to delivering successful wells. Completing the YJ3-3XC well is not just a testament to the successful navigation of the region's unique geological and geomechanical challenges associated with deep drilling. It is a significant milestone, marking Asia's deepest onshore extended-reach well. The successful delivery of this project is a source of pride, demonstrating the importance of technical innovation, design solutions, and operational excellence in overcoming technical challenges in complex geological environments.
Blockchain Enabled Solutions for Efficient Drilling Waste Management- A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Krishnan A. Geetha , Thompson C. , Osgouei R. Ettehadi , Martinez J. , Rahman S. 
Published: August 2024

Summary
The oil and gas industry faces significant environmental challenges in drilling waste management, given the risks posed to ecosystems and human health by contaminated drilling cuttings. Various techniques have been developed to manage and dispose of drilling waste, but traditional approaches have fallen short in waste tracking and regulatory compliance. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution by providing an immutable, transparent ledger of transactions, which can greatly enhance the traceability of waste management processes and improve regulatory compliance. This article explores the potential of blockchain to revolutionize waste management practices in the oil and gas sector, addressing long-standing challenges and aligning operations with global environmental sustainability goals.
LED-pumped room-temperature solid-state maser
Authors: Sathian Juna , Long Sophia , Lopez Lisa , Ford Bethan , Balembois François , Montis Riccardo , Ng Wern , Arroo Daan , Alford Neil , Torun Hamdi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Room-temperature MASERs (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) are coherent sources that exploit stimulated emission to amplify electromagnetic waves at microwave frequencies. Here we demonstrate a light-emittting diode (LED)-pumped maser using pentacene-doped para-terphenyl as the gain medium. The LED light is brightness enhanced and guided using a Cerium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet luminescent crystal that uses light recycling for enhanced luminance and increased power levels. We observe stable maser emission at 1.45 GHz using LED pumping with a duration of 200 µs and a microwave output power of up to 0.014 mW. This new maser is cost-effective, safe, outperforms non-laser pumped masers in output power, and environmentally friendly, ensuring various potential uses, including more sensitive magnetic resonance body scanners, quantum optical coherence tomography, advanced quantum computer components, portable atomic clocks, and improved radio astronomy devices for deep space exploration.
Pedestrian Face Recognition using CC Footage
Authors: Raghavendra C. , Reddy M. Purushotham , Reddy R. Obulakonda , Sriniva CH. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Face detection is a difficult job in the field of computer vision and image processing. Various applications are available, including video monitoring, remote device login, passport verification, etc. Based on current criminal histories, we can classify them by CC video in public places such as bus terminals, train stations, airports, pilgrim stations, public parks, shopping malls, etc. Whenever an individual matches a video clip, the machine must indicate the signal. With this experiment, when criminals are walking about in public areas, with the aid of CC cameras, we will recognise the criminals and take the appropriate steps. An individual may be re-identified between a video clip and a photograph, for example, in a case where a single image of him/her is used to re-identify a suspect from a large number of pedestrian recordings. We call this condition a re-identification video picture (IVPR). But basically, video and image are represented with a certain gap in characteristics, where there are, for the most part, immense differences between frames of each file. Such modules can only render matching functionality between video and picture a challenging challenge. To align the image with the video framework first, we need to distinguish the progress of the images from the video at that point, it will be possible to match the image efficiently by identifying the special features of the images. This re-identification proof can be made possible by using Scale-Invariant Function Transform (SIFT) Descriptors.