bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of reservoirs related to salt structure and its experimental simulation in the southern margin of Precaspian Basin
Authors: Tai Yang , Liangjie Tang , Yixin Yu , Junzhang Zheng , Zhen Wang , Linghong Kong , Yankun Wang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Based on the interpretation of seismic profiles and hydrocarbon accumulation simulation, the characteristics of salt-related structures and reservoirs in the southern margin of Precaspian Basin are analyzed. Salt diapirs and salt walls are the main structure types in the study area, with welds, rolls or bedded layers of salt playing a connecting role between them. There are two hydrocarbon accumulation mode types, one associated with salt welds in the postsalt formations and the one with heterogeneous reservoirs in the presalt formations, divided by the salt layer. The 2D experimental modeling of oil migration and accumulation indicates that salt welding is the key of oil accumulation in the postsalt formations, while faults and interlayer heterogeneity control the distribution of oil in the presalt formations. The result is significant for understanding the oil migration and accumulation in salt-related structures and guiding oil exploration and development of salt-bearing basins.
Effective parameterizations of three nonwetting phase relative permeability models
Authors: Yang Zhenlei , Mohanty Binayak P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDescribing convective nonwetting phase flow in unsaturated porous media requires knowledge of the nonwetting phase relative permeability. This study was conducted to formulate and derive a generalized expression for the nonwetting phase relative permeability via combining with the Kosugi water retention function. This generalized formulation is then used to flexibly investigate the Burdine, Mualem, and Alexander and Skaggs models' prediction accuracy for relative nonwetting phase permeability. The model and data comparison results show that these three permeability models, if used in their original form, but applied to the nonwetting phase, could not predict the experimental data well. The optimum pore tortuosity and connectivity value is thus obtained for the improved prediction of relative nonwetting phase permeability. As a result, the effective parameterization of (
) parameters in the modified Burdine, modified Mualem, and modified Alexander and Skaggs permeability models were found to be (2.5, 2, 1), (2, 1, 2), and (2.5, 1, 1), respectively. These three suggested models display the highest accuracy among the nine relative permeability models investigated in this study. However, the corresponding discontinuous nonwetting phase and the liquid film flow should be accounted for in future for the improved prediction of nonwetting phase relative permeability at very high and very low water saturation range, respectively.
Diferrocenophosphaborin: A Planar‐Chiral, Redox‐Active and Anion‐Responsive Ambiphilic Ligand
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Murillo Parra Didier A. , Lalancette Roger A. , Jäkle Frieder 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new class of Janus‐like ambiphilic ligands is introduced. The rigid diferrocene backbone in heterocycles 4‐SnP and 4‐BP creates an unprecedented chiral environment as demonstrated by multinuclear NMR and single‐crystal X‐ray studies. In addition, the ligands are redox‐responsive and the Lewis acidic borane moiety in 4‐BP can be exploited to further tune the properties: a clear decrease in the CO stretching frequency of a Vaska‐type RhI complex 5‐BP is observed upon addition of fluoride ions. Thus, the Lewis acid and Lewis base sites influence each other and their strength can be modulated by redox chemistry and anion binding.
Synergy between Palladium and Potassium Species for Efficient Activation of Carbon Monoxide in the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Shen Yongli , Zhao Yujun , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA potassium ion containing Pd/NaY catalyst is introduced that effectively activates the CO molecule for the carbonation of methyl nitrite to synthesize dimethyl carbonate. The potassium ions play a dual role during the activation of CO. Doping the catalyst with potassium enhances the electron density of Pd active species, which strengthens the PdC atoms interaction and thus more strongly activates the CO molecule. Further, the charge‐balancing potassium cations in the zeolite interact with the O atom of linear adsorbed carbonyls to form a PdCO⋅⋅⋅K+ structure, which further activates the CO bond. Both experimental analyses and density functional theory calculations indicated that the combination of potassium and Pd species facilitates the activation of CO in the carbonylation reaction.
Ynamide Carbopalladation: A Flexible Route to Mono‐, Bi‐ and Tricyclic Azacycles
Authors: Campbell Craig D. , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Holton Oliver T. , Walker P. Ross , Chapman Helen A. , Russell C. Adam , Carr Greg , Thomson Amber L. , Anderson Edward A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBromoenynamides represent precursors to a diversity of azacycles by a cascade sequence of carbopalladation followed by cross‐coupling/electrocyclization, or reduction processes. Full details of our investigations into intramolecular ynamide carbopalladation are disclosed, which include the first examples of carbopalladation/cross‐coupling reactions using potassium organotrifluoroborate salts; and an understanding of factors influencing the success of these processes, including ring size, and the nature of the coupling partner. Additional mechanistic observations are reported, such as the isolation of triene intermediates for electrocyclization. A variety of hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions using the product heterocycles are also described, which provide insight into Diels–Alder regioselectivity.
A variable step‐size diffusion affine projection algorithm
Authors: Yoo J. W. , Song I. S. , Shin J. W. , Park P. G. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a new variable step‐size diffusion affine projection algorithm (VSS‐DAPA) to advance the filter performance of the diffusion affine projection algorithm (DAPA). The proposed VSS strategy is developed for the DAPA, which can solve the distributed estimation problem over diffusion networks well. To obtain the optimal step size reasonably, we seek the update recursion of mean‐square deviation (MSD) that is suitable for the DAPA. The step size is optimally given through the minimization for the MSD of the DAPA at each iteration. The derived step size through the MSD minimization improves the filter performance with respect to the convergence and the estimation error in steady state. The results based on simulations demonstrate that the proposed VSS‐DAPA performs better than the existing algorithms with a system‐identification scenario in diffusion network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of Antihyperalgesia by the Coadministration of N‐palmitoylethanolamide and Acetaminophen in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Déciga‐Campos Myrna , Ortíz‐Andrade Rolffy 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological antihyperalgesic interaction between N‐palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and acetaminophen in diabetic rats using the formalin paw test. Streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats received subcutaneous injections in the paw of PEA alone (1–100 μg/paw) or acetaminophen alone (3–300 μg/paw) 15 min before formalin (0.5%) injection. The results revealed concentration‐dependent responses produced by PEA (EC50 = 7.19 ± 0.7 μg/paw) and acetaminophen (EC50 = 57.9 ± 1.9 μg/paw). Isobolographic analysis was used to evaluate the pharmacological interaction between the PEA + acetaminophen using the EC50 value and a fixed 1:1 ratio combination. The isobologram demonstrated that the combination investigated in this study produced a synergistic interaction; the experimental value (EC50= 23.64 ± 1.9 μg/paw) was significantly smaller than those that resulted from theoretical calculations (EC50 = 32.56 μg/paw). These results provide evidence that PEA in combination with acetaminophen could be useful for pain therapy in neuropathic diabetic patients. Drug Dev Res 76 : 228–234, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropsychological and Behavioural Short‐Term Effects of Cognitive Remediation Therapy in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study
Authors: van Noort Betteke Maria , Kraus Manuela Klara Aurelia , Pfeiffer Ernst , Lehmkuhl Ulrike , Kappel Viola 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveCognitive remediation therapy (CRT) aims to strengthen weak cognitive flexibility and central coherence in adult and adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). Currently, there are no studies in adolescents with AN that control for learning effects because of re‐testing while evaluating CRT.MethodTwenty in‐ and outpatients with AN aged 12 to 18 years received CRT. Assessment took place directly before and after the intervention. Performance was compared to 20 age‐, gender‐, IQ‐, and test–retest interval matched healthy controls, which did not receive CRT.ResultsAN patients showed an improvement in flexibility on neuropsychological assessment directly after CRT, whereas HC did not improve over time. Self‐report assessment of flexibility, as well as central coherence, did not show significant improvement after CRT.DiscussionResults suggest that CRT may be beneficial for enhancing flexibility in adolescents with AN. However, randomized controlled studies are essential to determine the actual efficacy of this intervention. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Fibrillin-1 Regulates Skeletal Stem Cell Differentiation by Modulating TGFβ Activity Within the Marrow Niche
Authors: Smaldone Silvia , Clayton Nicholas P , del Solar Maria , Pascual Gemma , Cheng Seng H , Wentworth Bruce M , Schaffler Mitchell B , Ramirez Francesco 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

A full understanding of the microenvironmental factors that control the activities of skeletal stem cells (also known as mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) in the adult bone marrow holds great promise for developing new therapeutic strategies to mitigate age-related diseases of bone and cartilage degeneration. Bone loss is an understudied manifestation of Marfan syndrome, a multisystem disease associated with mutations in the extracellular matrix protein and TGFβ modulator fibrillin-1. Here we demonstrate that progressive loss of cancellous bone in mice with limbs deficient for fibrillin-1 (Fbn1Prx1–/– mice) is accounted for by premature depletion of MSCs and osteoprogenitor cells combined with constitutively enhanced bone resorption. Longitudinal analyses of Fbn1Prx1–/– mice showed incremental bone loss and trabecular microarchitecture degeneration accompanied by a progressive decrease in the number and clonogenic potential of MSCs. Significant paucity of marrow fat cells in the long bones of Fbn1Prx1–/– mice, together with reduced adipogenic potential of marrow stromal cell cultures, indicated an additional defect in MSC differentiation. This postulate was corroborated by showing that an Fbn1-silenced osteoprogenitor cell line cultured in the presence of insulin yielded fewer than normal adipocytes and exhibited relatively lower PPARγ levels. Consonant with fibrillin-1 modulation of TGFβ bioavailability, cultures of marrow stromal cells from Fbn1Prx1–/– limb bones showed improper overactivation of latent TGFβ. In line with this finding, systemic TGFβ neutralization improved bone mass and trabecular microarchitecture along with normalizing the number of MSCs, osteoprogenitor cells, and marrow adipocytes. Collectively, our findings show that fibrillin-1 regulates MSC activity by modulating TGFβ bioavailability within the microenvironment of marrow niches. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Novel Epoxy Resins with Unsaturated Ester Chains Derived from Sodium Lignosulfonate
Authors: Hirose Shigeo 
Published: July 2015

SummaryNovel epoxy resins with unsaturated ester chains (maleate, M‐series) were synthesized from sodium lignosulfonate and maleic anhydride. Epoxy resins with saturated ester chains (succinate, S‐series) were also synthesized from succinic anhydride. Thermal properties of the obtained epoxy resins were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The glass transition temperatures (Tg's) increased with increasing ligosulfonate content in epoxy resins for both M‐ and S‐series. Tgvalues of epoxy resins in M‐series were ca. 15 °C higher than those in S‐series. The activation energies of curing reaction in M‐ and S‐series were ca. 59.6 and 66.1 kJ mol−1, respectively. Thermal degradation temperatures (Td's) were almost constant at 350 °C regardless of lignosulfonate contents in epoxy resins in both M‐ and S‐series. Mass residues at 500 °C increased with increasing lignosulfonate contents in epoxy resins in both M‐ and S‐series.
Effect of Grafting with Maleic Anhydride on Interfacial Bonding of Rubber Wood Flour Filled Poly(propylene) Composite
Authors: Zulfia Anne , Mohar R. S. , Saptoraharjo A. W. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe process of making wood‐plastic composites with poly(propylene) as a matrix and rubber wood flour with particle size of 0.709 mm as a filler has been carried out by combination of the dry blending method and the extrusion treatment using twin screw extruder. The content of rubber wood flour was adjusted as 10wt% for each composite formula. Maleic anhydride grafted poly(propylene) (PP‐g‐MA) was added as a coupling agent at four concentrations, 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt%. Melt flow rate (MFR), crystalisation temperature and mechanical properties of composites indicate that increase in PP‐g‐MA generated decrease in melt viscosity significantly, which reversed MFR is increased, while mechanical properties increased due to interfacial bonding improved. Based on the differential scanning calorimetric analysis it was found that the mechanical properties and crystallization temperature increased with increasing PP‐g‐MA content, due to increase in interfacial bonding between matrix and sawdust fillers. In addition, fracture surface imaging analysis showed that good adhesion was present in the interface of composites between 10wt% and 15wt% PP‐g‐MA.
Effect of Cocopeat Addition to Some Properties of Cassava Starch‐Based Foam
Authors: Sunarti Titi Candra , Integrani Hemas , Syamsu Khaswar 
Published: July 2015

SummaryStarch‐based foam is a packaging materials made mainly from starchy materials which, as renewable resources, have the prospect of substituting synthetic styrofoam. Starch alone produced foam with poor mechanical properties. For that reason, cocopeat was added as a fiber reinforcement and blended with polyvinyl alcohol for improving the foam properties. This research investigated the effect of cassava starch and cocopeat ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of the biofoams prepared by addition of one part of cocopeat to 2, 3, and 4 parts of cassava starch followed by thermopressing technique at 150 °C for 6 min. Addition of cocopeat caused an increase in foam thickness (1.796–1.909 mm) but reduced its density (0.965–0.888 g/cm3), and the mixture produced foams with moderate modulus of elasticity (134–169 MPa) and high modulus of rupture (4.28–4.42 MPa). The biofoams had good mechanical properties and also had a high capability to absorb water (25.1–34.5%) in 3 min. This made the biofoams only suitable for packing low moisture products. Its high water absorption capability also influenced its biodegradability.
Surface Coating of Acrylate Polymer on Sengon Wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) Using UV Irradiation
Authors: Darsono  
Published: July 2015

SummaryAn experiment on surface coating of sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) using ultra violet (UV) irradiation has been conducted. Epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate resins were used as coating materials after addition of tripropylene glycol diacrylate and a photoinisiator, Darocure 1173. Irradiation was conducted using UV light at the conveyor speed of 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/min. Parameters observed were glossyness, adhesion, hardness, abrasion resistance and chemical, solvent and stain resistance. The superior results of the epoxy acrylate films were obtained to show excellent adhesion on the surface of wood meeting with the standard because of greater remaining values than 50% (ASTM 2571‐71), together with the high degrees of abrasion, hardness, glossyness and torelance against chemicals, solvent, and stain except against 10% NaOH solution.
Biexponential longitudinal relaxation in white matter: Characterization and impact on T1 mapping with IR‐FSE and MP2RAGE
Authors: Rioux James A. , Levesque Ives R. , Rutt Brian K. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeMagnetization transfer in white matter (WM) causes biexponential relaxation, but most quantitative T1 measurements fit data assuming monoexponential relaxation. The resulting monoexponential T1 estimate varies based on scan parameters and represents a source of variation between studies, especially at high fields. In this study, we characterized WM T1 relaxation and performed simulations to determine how to minimize this deviation.MethodsTo characterize biexponential relaxation, four volunteers were scanned at 3T and 7T using inversion recovery fast spin echo (IR‐FSE) with 13 inversion times (TIs). Three volunteers were scanned with IR‐FSE using TIs chosen by simulations to reduce T1 deviation, and with MP2RAGE.ResultsAt 3T, the biexponential relaxation has a short component of T1 = 48 ms (9%) and a long component of T1 = 939 ms. At 7T the short component is T1 = 57 ms (11%) and the long component is 1349 ms (89%). For IR‐FSE, acquiring four TIs with a minimum of 150 ms (3T) or 200 ms (7T) yielded monoexponential T1 estimates that match the long component to within 10 ms. For MP2RAGE, significant differences (90 ms at 3T, 125 ms at 7T) remain at all parameter values.ConclusionMany T1 mapping sequences yield robust estimates of the long T1 component with suitable choice of TIs, allowing reproducible, sequence‐independent T1 values to be measured. However, this is not true of MP2RAGE in its current implementation. Magn Reson Med 75:2265–2277, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification and Characterization of a Lipase with High Thermostability and Polar Organic Solvent‐Tolerance from Aspergillus niger AN0512
Authors: Liu Guang , Hu Songqing , Li Lin , Hou Yi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn extracellular lipase (EC 3.1.1.3, AN0512Lip) from Aspergillus niger AN0512 was purified and its characteristics were investigated. After the process of ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion‐exchange chromatography and gel filtration, the purified lipase was achieved with 203.6‐fold purification and 22.1 % recovery. AN0512Lip exhibited the highest activity at 50 °C and pH 5.0. It was thermostable and pH‐stable, as indicated by that more than 50 % activity retained at 60 °C for 20 h and more than 90 % activity retained at pH 3.0 for 20 h, respectively. AN0512Lip activity was stimulated by some divalent metal ions (especially Cu2+, Ca2+), while greatly suppressed by EDTA, indicating that AN0512Lip was a metal‐activated enzyme. Moreover, AN0512Lip exhibited high tolerance for various polar organic solvents with log P < 0.8, and the highest lipase activity (476 % of its original activity) was achieved after addition of 90 % (V/V) isopropanol to the reaction mixture. AN0512Lip also displayed 3‐regiospecificity and great affinity for the long‐chain fatty ester. The preliminary test showed that AN0512Lip was a candidate for enriching EPA and DHA in fish oil. All the unique properties, such as thermostability, Cu2+‐dependent, 3‐regiospecificity, and polar organic solvent‐tolerance, indicated that AN0512Lip could have potential applications in the food industry, even in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry.
Environmental Geochemistry of Selected Elements in Lignite from Barsingsar and Gurha Mines of Rajasthan, Western India
Authors: Singh Prakash K. , Rajak P. K. , Singh M. P. , Naik A. S. , Singh Vijay Kumar , Raju S.V. , Ojha Sanjay 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The present paper contains the result of investigation carried out on selected trace elements in the less studied lignite deposits of Rajasthan, Western India. The study has been made on two new lignite deposits – Barsingsar and Gurha. The former has elevated ash content (mean 20.8%) than the latter one (mean 5.1%) and both of them have high volatile matter (mean 43.7% and 49.9% respectively).
The lignite samples have been studied for selected elements like Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, K, Na, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd and As. The elements like Cd, Co, Ni, Pb and Cu occur in high concentration when compared to the Clarke values for brown coal. Ca and Mg relate positively with organic matter in Barsingsar lignite indicating their organic source while K, Cu, Co, Pb and Cd indicate their inorganic origin. Ca might have come in contact with the organic matter during humification and would have become a part of humate. The elements like Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb showing strong affinity with inertinite could have got associated with the mineral matter present in the fusinite and funginite macerals. In Gurha lignites Pb and Co have shown their affinity with inorganic matter which could have been drawn from sulphides and clay minerals.
A Retrospective Evaluation of Pediatric Major Trauma Related to Sport and Recreational Activities in Nova Scotia
Authors: Green Robert S. , Butler Michael B. , Kureshi Nelofar , Erdogan Mete 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesA small proportion of pediatric sport- and recreation-related injuries are serious enough to be considered “major trauma.” However, the immediate and long-term consequences in cases of pediatric major trauma are significant and potentially life-threatening. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and outcomes of pediatric major traumas related to sport and recreational activities in Nova Scotia.MethodsThis study was a retrospective case series. Data on major pediatric traumas related to sport and recreational activities on a provincial scope were extracted from the Nova Scotia Trauma Program Registry between 2000 and 2013. We evaluated frequency, type, severity, and outcomes of major traumas. Outcomes assessed included length of hospital stay, admission to a special care unit (SCU), and mortality.ResultsOverall, 107 children aged three to 18 years sustained a major trauma (mean age 12.5 [SD 3.8]; 84% male). Most injuries were blunt traumas (97%). The greatest proportion were from cycling (59, 53%), followed by hockey (8, 7%), skateboarding (7, 7%) and skiing (7, 7%). The Nova Scotia Pediatric Trauma Team was activated in 27% of cases. Mean in-hospital length of stay was five days (SD 5.6), and nearly half (49%) of patients required SCU admission. Severe traumatic brain injury occurred in 52% of cases, and mortality in five cases.ConclusionsOver a 13-year period, the highest incidence of pediatric major trauma related to sport and recreational activities was from cycling, followed by hockey. Severe traumatic brain injury occurred in over half of pediatric major trauma patients.