bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetics and genomics generate new insights into invertebrate pest invasions
Authors: Kirk Heather , Dorn Silvia , Mazzi Dominique 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvertebrate pest invasions and outbreaks are associated with high social, economic, and ecological costs, and their significance will intensify with an increasing pressure on agricultural productivity as a result of human population growth and climate change. New molecular genetic and genomic techniques are available and accessible, but have been grossly underutilized in studies of invertebrate pest invasions, despite that they are useful tools for applied pest management and for understanding fundamental features of pest invasions including pest population demographics and adaptation of pests to novel and/or changing environments. Here, we review current applications of molecular genetics and genomics in the study of invertebrate pest invasions and outbreaks, and we highlight shortcomings from the current body of research. We then discuss recent conceptual and methodological advances in the areas of molecular genetics/genomics and data analysis, and we highlight how these advances will further our understanding of the demographic, ecological, and evolutionary features of invertebrate pest invasions. We are now well equipped to use molecular data to understand invertebrate dispersal and adaptation, and this knowledge has valuable applications in agriculture at a time when these are critically required.
Lost in hospital: a qualitative interview study that explores the perceptions of NHS inpatients who spent time on clinically inappropriate hospital wards
Authors: Goulding Lucy , Adamson Joy , Watt Ian , Wright John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrior research suggests that the placement of patients on clinically inappropriate hospital wards may increase the risk of experiencing patient safety issues.ObjectiveTo explore patients' perspectives of the quality and safety of the care received during their inpatient stay on a clinically inappropriate hospital ward.DesignQualitative study using semi‐structured interviews.Participants and settingNineteen patients who had spent time on at least one clinically inappropriate ward during their hospital stay at a large NHS teaching hospital in England.ResultsPatients would prefer to be treated on the correct specialty ward, but it is generally accepted that this may not be possible. When patients are placed on inappropriate wards, they may lack a sense of belonging. Participants commented on potential failings in communication, medical staff availability, nurses' knowledge and the resources available, each of which may contribute to unsafe care.ConclusionsPatients generally acknowledge the need for placement on inappropriate wards due to demand for inpatient beds, but may report dissatisfaction in terms of preference and belonging. Importantly, patients recount issues resulting from this placement that may compromise their safety. Hospital managers should be encouraged to appreciate this insight and potential threat to safe practice and where possible avoid inappropriate ward transfers and admissions. Where such admissions are unavoidable, staff should take action to address the gaps in safety of care that have been identified.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: role of nuclear survivin (BIRC5) as a prognostic marker
Authors: Mulay Kaustubh , Puthyapurayil Fairooz M , Mohammad Javed Ali , Hasnat Ali Mohammad , Honavar Santosh G , Reddy Vijay Anand P 
Published: April 2013

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the expression of nuclear survivin in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland and to determine if this expression is associated with histopathological features, markers of apoptosis and proliferation or clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical staining for survivin, p53, Ki‐67 and Bcl‐2 was analyzed in 55 cases of ACC of lacrimal gland. Thirty‐one cases (56.3%) expressed nuclear survivin. All cases expressed p53, Ki‐67 and Bcl‐2. Eleven cases (35.5%) had a high nuclear survivin score (NS‐SCORE) and 20 cases (64.5%) had a low NS‐SCORE. Cases with a high NS‐SCORE had a shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) (P < 0.0001), higher expression of Ki‐67 (P < 0.005) and a solid tumour pattern >30% (P < 0.005).ConclusionNuclear expression of survivin impacts prognosis significantly and is thus a promising prognostic marker in ACC of the lacrimal gland.
Involvement of ER‐α36 in the malignant growth of gastric carcinoma cells is associated with GRP94 overexpression
Authors: Fu Zhengqi , Deng Hao , Wang Xuming , Yang Xiuping , Wang Zhaoyi , Liu Lijiang 
Published: April 2013

AimsThis study aimed to examine the involvement of glucose‐regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in oestrogen receptor‐α36 (ER‐α36)‐mediated oestrogen signalling in gastric cancer development.Methods and resultsA total of 130 formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded gastric tumour samples with corresponding normal gastric and tumour‐adjacent tissues were used. High levels of GRP94 expression (2+ or 3+) were observed in 109 of 130 gastric carcinomas (83.85%) by immunohistochemistry, and in 13 of 18 tumour specimens (72.22%) with Western blot analysis. GRP94 expression was correlated positively with gender, tumour stage, lymph node metastasis and ER‐α36 expression (P < 0.05). Oestrogen treatment up‐regulated both GRP94 and ER‐α36 expression in gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. In addition, steady state levels of GRP94 protein were decreased in established gastric cancer SGC7901 cells with knocked‐down levels of ER‐α36 expression and in xenograft tumours formed by these cells. Forced expression of recombinant ER‐α36 in SGC7901 cells, however, up‐regulated the levels of GRP94 expression.ConclusionsGlucose‐regulated protein 94 is a downstream effector of ER‐α36‐mediated oestrogen signalling, and may be involved in ER‐α36 function during gastric carcinogenesis.
Secretory carcinoma of the breast and its histopathological mimics: value of markers for differential diagnosis
Authors: Osako Tomo , Takeuchi Kengo , Horii Rie , Iwase Takuji , Akiyama Futoshi 
Published: April 2013

AimsSecretory carcinoma (SC) is a rare histological type of breast cancer, and ETV6–NTRK3 gene fusion is highly specific to it. The differential diagnoses of SC include acinic cell carcinoma (ACCA) and cystic hypersecretory carcinoma (CHC), as well as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). For patients with these rare but distinctive histological subtypes, SC and its histopathological mimics should be differentiated from each other. However, differential markers have not yet been assessed systematically, and we aimed to identify and evaluate novel and existing markers.Methods and resultsWe reviewed 19 cases diagnosed initially as SC using integrated diagnostic techniques, including morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology, and validated promising markers in 445 breast cancers. We reclassified 19 formerly diagnosed ‘SCs’ into nine SCs, three ACCAs, three CHCs, three IDCs and one microglandular adenosis. We confirmed that ETV6–NTRK3 gene rearrangement and amylase positivity are good diagnostic markers for SC and ACCA, respectively. Vacuolar staining for adipophilin, positivity for α‐lactalbumin and negativity for ETV6 rearrangement are diagnostic markers for CHC.ConclusionsIn this study, we propose a panel of four markers (ETV6 rearrangement, amylase, α‐lactalbumin and adipophilin) for distinguishing SC, ACCA, CHC and IDC. This simple but robust panel will serve pathologists well as a practical guide for reaching an appropriate diagnosis.
Factors associated with gingival inflammation among adults with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Yuen HK , Weng Y , Reed SG , Summerlin LM , Silver RM 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors associated with increased gingival inflammation in adults with systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, forty‐eight adults with SSc received assessment of gingival inflammation using Löe and Silness gingival index (LSGI), measurement of oral aperture and evaluation of manual dexterity to perform oral hygiene using the Toothbrushing Ability Test, as well as completion of an oral health‐related questionnaire.ResultsThree explanatory variables in the final multiple predictor models for the LSGI outcome were statistically significant – manual dexterity to perform oral hygiene, flossing in the evening and SSc subtype, with higher (i.e., worse) LSGI score among those with impaired manual dexterity, not flossing in the evening and diffuse form of SSc. In addition, posterior teeth had higher LSGI scores compared with that of the anterior teeth after adjusting for other variables.ConclusionsResults suggest that dental health professionals take manual dexterity into consideration when educating patients with SSc to improve their oral hygiene and educate them on paying more attention on cleaning their posterior teeth and the importance of flossing in the evening – especially those who only floss once a day or less often.
Dosing of dabigatran etexilate in relation to renal function and drug interactions at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Chin P. K. L. , Vella‐Brincat J. W. A. , Walker S. L. , Barclay M. L. , Begg E. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPlasma concentrations of the anticoagulant dabigatran are correlated with clinical outcomes, and are affected by renal function, intestinal P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) activity and stomach acidity.AimsTo determine the adherence to dabigatran etexilate renal dosing guidelines, the frequency of co‐prescription of potentially interacting drugs in patients on dabigatran, and how these related to dabigatran dosing.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 204 patients discharged from a tertiary hospital on dabigatran etexilate over a 12‐month period. Creatinine clearance, using the Cockcroft–Gault equation, was used as the surrogate of renal function in the 86 patients where this was calculable.ResultsPrescribed dabigatran etexilate dose rates in relation to creatinine clearance and the manufacturer's guidelines were classified as ‘standard’, ‘low’ and ‘high’ in 47% (40/86), 49% (42/86) and 5% (4/86) of patients respectively. Co‐prescribed drugs that potentially interact with dabigatran etexilate were present in 75% (154/204) of patients and included strong P‐gp inhibitors (16%, 32/204), proton‐pump inhibitors (46%, 94/204) and anti‐platelet drugs (47%, 95/204). Co‐prescription of strong P‐gp inhibitors was associated with the prescription of ‘low’ dose rates relative to renal function (P = 0.025).ConclusionsFew patients were dosed excessively in relation to creatinine clearance. Around 50% was prescribed with ‘low’ dose rates in relation to creatinine clearance, which because of the association with co‐prescription of strong P‐gp inhibitors may be clinically appropriate. Most patients were co‐prescribed with drugs that potentially interact with dabigatran etexilate.
Students coached for an admission test perform less well throughout a medical course
Authors: Griffin B. , Yeomans N. D. , Wilson I. G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground: Undertaking commercial coaching to improve one's chance of selection into medical school is widespread. Although its effect on selection test performance appears to be relatively minimal, its impact on the predictive validity of the tests is unknown.AimsTo examine whether commercial coaching for the Undergraduate Medical and Health Sciences Admissions Test (UMAT) changes its ability to predict the subsequent academic performance of medical students.Methods: The first two cohorts to enrol in a new Australian medical school provided information at the time of their selection interview about whether or not they had undertaken a commercial coaching course to help prepare for the UMAT. Final academic grades for each year of the degree and overall grade point average (GPA) of coached students were compared with those of non‐coached students. Moderated regression analyses examined differences in the relationship between UMAT scores and examination results while controlling for entry UMAT scores and past academic performance.Results: Coached students had a lower GPA than those who were not coached. In cohort 1, coached students performed more poorly than non‐coached students in every year of their degree. This effect, while similar, was not statistically significant in cohort 2.Conclusions: Differences in selection process and learning context between the two cohorts may explain why coaching was only significantly related to the performance of one cohort. Further research is required to ascertain if coached students develop a learning style that hinders ongoing acquisition of knowledge, which might have serious implications for job performance after graduation.
Ultrastructural Changes in Phloem Cells of Leaf Curl‐Affected Tomato from India
Authors: Saikia A. K. , Muniyappa V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUltrastructural changes were observed in phloem tissue of tomato leaves infected with tomato leaf curl disease. Virus‐like particles were found in nuclei of phloem parenchyma cells. In the cytoplast of mature sieve elements massive, regular aggregates of virus like particles occurred.ZusammenfassungUltrastrukturelle Veränderungen in Phloemzellen Leaf‐Curl infizierter Tomatenpflanzen aus IndienUltrastrukturelle Veränderungen wurden in Phloemgewebe von Tomatenblättern, die mit der Tomato‐Leaf‐Curl‐Krankheit infiziert waren, und virusähnliche Partikeln in den Kernen von Phloemparenchymazellen beobachtet. Im Zytoplast reifer Siebelemente wurden massive, gleichmäßige Aggregate von virusähnlichen Partikeln gefunden.
Effects of Soil Solarization on Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea
Authors: Arora D. K. , Pandey A. K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe effect of soil solarization on chickpea wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, was examined during the summer of 1985 and 1986. Preplant solarization for 45 days in 1985 significantly (P = 0.5) decreased the incidence of wilt in two subsequent chickpea crops. Additional solarization of sub‐plots of the same soil during the summer of 1986 further reduced the disease and the pathogen. Yield and nodulation in the solarized plots were significantly (P = 0.05) higher than untreated plots. No pronounced differences in maximum temperature, percentage of diseased plants, plant height at maturity, and xylem discoloration indices were observed between solarized irrigated and non‐irrigated treatments. However, the above parameters differed significantly (P = 0.05) between solarized irrigated and nonsolarized non‐irrigated soil. Solarization significantly reduced both the population of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, and viability of conidia and chlamydospores. These reductions were proportional to soil temperatures achieved during solarization.ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß einer Bodensolarisation auf die Fusarium‐Welke bei KichererbsenIm Sommer 1985 und 1986 wurde der Einfluß einer Bodensolarisation auf die Kichererbsenwelke, verursacht durch Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, beobachtet. Eine Präpflanzensolarisation über 45 Tage in 1985 verringert das Auftreten einer Welke in zwei nachfolgenden Kichererbsenbeständen deutlich (P = 0,5). Eine zusätzliche Solarisation von einigen Parzellen innerhalb dieser Fläche während des Sommers 1986 reduzierte die Krankheit und den Krankheitserreger weiter. Der Ertrag und die Knöllchenbildung in solarisierten Parzellen waren deutlich (P = 0,05) größer als in unbehan‐delten Parzellen. Signifikante Unterschiede der maximalen Temperatur, Prozentsatz erkrankte Pflanzen, Pflanzengröße bei der Reife, und Xylemverfärbung wurden zwischen solarisierten, bewässerten und nichtbewässerten Behandlungen nicht beobachtet. Jedoch unterschieden sich diese Parameter deutlich (P = 0,05) zwischen soiarisierten, bewässerten und nichtsolarisierten, nichtbewässerten Behandlungen. Eine Solarisation senkte sowohl die F. oxysporum f. sp. acm‐Population als auch die Lebensfähigkeit von Konidien und Chlamydosporen deutlich. Diese Reduzierungen waren proportional zu den Bodentemperaturen, die während der Solarisation erreicht wurden.
The Expression of Adult‐Plant Resistance in Wheat to Puccinia striiformis
Authors: Hyde P. M. , Elahinia S. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe adult‐plant resistance of wheat to infection by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici was studied. The expression of resistance controlled by the resistance factor YR 14, in the spring wheat cvs Solitaire and Wembley, and the durable resistance of cv. Hybride de Bersee, were investigated over a range of plant ages. Neither resistance type affected urediniospore germination, but both involved increased latent periods at adult plant stages. Assessment of infection type suggested that the durable resistance of Hybride de Bersee may be recognized at earlier plant growth stages than the resistance attributable to the factor YR 14.ZusammenfassungDie Ausprägung der Resistenz ausgewachsenen Weizens gegen Puccinia striiformisUntersucht wurde die Resistenz ausgewachsenen Weizens gegen eine Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici‐Infektion. Die Ausprägung einer Resistenz, die durch den Resistenzfaktor YR 14 bei den Sommerweizensorten Solitaire und Wembley kontrolliert wird, und die dauerhafte Resistenz der Sorte Hybride Bersée de, wurde bei unterschiedlichem Pflanzenalter ermittelt. Die Urediniosporen‐keimung wurde durch beide Resistenztypen nicht beeinflußt, aber bei erwachsenen Pflanzen wurden verlängerte Latentperioden beobachtet. Eine Beurteilung des Infektionstyps deutete darauf hin, daß die dauerhafte Resistenz der Sorte Hybride de Bersée in jüngeren Wachstumsstadien erkannt werden kann als die Resistenz durch den Faktor YR 14.
Assessment of Intensity of Cercospora Disease on Sugarbeet. I.
Authors: Rossi V. , Battilani P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA method to evaluate intensity of Cercospora disease on sugarbeet, based on severity of leaf area symptoms was elaborated.This method is valid because of good repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy of assessments.ZusammenfassungEinschätzung der Cercospora‐Befallsintensität in Zuckerrüben. I.Um die Intensität des Cercospora‐Befalls in Zuckerrüben zu schätzen, wurde eine Methode ausgearbeitet, die auf der Stärke der Blattfleckensymptome basiert.Diese Methode läßt sich gut anwenden, da die Einschätzungen sich gut wiederholen und reproduzieren lassen und sie genau sind.
Assessment of Intensity of Cercospora Disease on Sugarbeet. II.
Authors: Rossi V. , Battilani P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIndications are given about sampling in assessment of intensity of Cercospora disease on sugarbeet.The number of samples vary with the accuracy required in the assessment. It can be reduced with heavy intensity of disease. A table is given that can help in defining the dimension of the sample.ZusammenfassungEinschätzung der Cercospora‐Befallsintensität in Zuckerrüben. II.Angegeben werden Anweisungen zur Probeentnahme bei der Einschätzung der Cercospora‐Befallsintensität in Zuckerrüben.Die Anzahl der Proben ändert sich mit der gewünschten Genauigkeit der Einschätzung. Die Zahl läßt sich bei einer hohen Befallsintensität reduzieren. Aus einer Tabelle können Hinweise entnommen werden, die bei der Entscheidung der Probengröße angewandt werden können.
In situ Detection of MLOs for Solanaceae Stolbur and Faba Bean Phyllody by Indirect Immunofluorescence
Authors: Cousin Marie‐Thèrèse , Dafalla Gazim , Demazeau Eric , Theveu Elisabeth , Grosclaude Jeanne 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMLOs of faba bean phyllody and stolbur diseases were detected by a simple sensitive indirect immunofluorescence technique. Antisera prepared against membrane fractions of diseased plants were used with both 40 μm‐thick sections obtained with a freezing microtome and with 7 μm‐thick sections prepared from aldehyde‐fixed paraffin‐embedded plant materials. The technique is highly sensitive, simple to practice and utilizes small quantities of reagents. Specific MLO labeling was obtained using antisera with low titers and containing high proportions of anti‐plant antibodies. The ease of using sections from fresh plant material suggests the potential use of the technique for routine indexing and screening of MLO infections. Immunofluorescence on sections from paraffin‐embedded plant tissues improved the visualization of labeled MLOs, facilitated the accessibility of antigens, reduced non‐specific labeling and allowed more precise localization and interpretation of immunofluorescent reactions.ZusammenfassungIn situ‐Nachweis von Mycoplasma‐ähnlichen Organismen (MLOs) — Erreger von Stolbur bei Nachtschattengewächsen und Phyllodie bei Feldbohnen — durch indirekte ImmunfluoreszenzMLOs, die Stolbur bei Solanaceen und Phyllodie bei Feldbohnen hervorrufen, konnten mit der leicht durchführbaren und genauen Technik der indirekten Immunofluoreszenz nachgewiesen werden. Antiseren aus semi‐gereinigten Extrakten kranker Pflanzen wurden sowohl auf 40 μm dicken, mittels Gefriermikrotom erhaltenen Schnitten, als auch auf 7 μm dicken Schnitten, von mit Parafor‐maldehyd fixiertem und in Paraffin eingebettetem Pflanzenmaterial verwendet. Diese Technik ist sehr genau, leicht durchführbar und benötigt nur geringe Reagenzmengen. Die spezifische Markierung der MLOs wird selbst dann erreicht, wenn Antiseren mit schwachem Titer und hohem Anteil an Anti‐Pflanzen‐Antikörpern verwendet werden. Aufgrund der einfachen Handhabung von Schnitten aus frischem Pflanzenmaterial eignet sich diese Technik besonders für Routineindexierungen und die Unterscheidung von verschiedenen MLO‐Krankheiten. Durch den Gebrauch von in Paraffin eingebetteten pflanzlichen Gewebeschnitten wird eine bessere Sichtbarmachung markierter MLOs erreicht, die Zugänglichkeit zu den Antigenen erleichtert, das Hintergrundgeräusch reduziert und eine genauere Lokalisierung und Bestimmung der Immunfluoreszenzreaktionen ermöglicht.
Partial Stabilization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Induced by a Clay Mineral
Authors: Piazzolla P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent years several reports have been published on the presence of infective plant viruses in the waters of rivers and lakes. Among them, it is interesting the presence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). To explain the reasons of the survival of this virus in conditions surely not optimal for its stability, the existence of a stabilization effect was hypothesized because of the sediments present in the water.Preliminary experiments were carried out with vermiculite, a clay mineral with an efficient absorption capability towards cations, anions and organic molecules, and revealed that this clay increased the resistance to 1 M LiCl of a CMV suspension.ZusammenfassungEine partielle Stabilisierung des Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) induziert durch ein TonmineralIn den letzten Jahren wurde häufig über das Vorhandensein infektiöser Pflanzenviren in Flüssen und Seen berichtet, u. a. das Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV). Um das Überleben dieses Viruses unter sicherlich nicht optimalen Bedingungen zu erklären, wurde die Hypothese der Existenz eines stabilisierenden Faktors aufgestellt, aufgrund der im Wasser vorhandenen Sedimente.Erstversuche wurden mit Vermiculit, ein Tonmineral mit gut absorbierenden Fähigkeiten für Kationen, Anionen und organische Moleküle, durchgeführt. Diese zeigten, daß dieses Tonmineral die Resistenz einer CMV‐Suspension gegen 1 M LiCl erhöhte.