bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake of liquid-based cytology as an adjunct to conventional cytology for cervical screening in NSW, Australia: a cross-sectional and population-based cohort analysis
Authors: Aminisani Nayyereh , Armstrong Bruce K , Canfell Karen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Cervical screening is currently recommended every two years in sexually active women aged 18-20 to 69 years in Australia. Direct replacement of conventional cytology with liquid-based cytology (LBC) for cervical screening was rejected for public funding on grounds of cost-effectiveness, first in 2002 and again in 2009, but LBC is performed as an adjunct to conventional cytology in women who elect to pay. The objective of this study was to describe prevalence and predictors of use of LBC in Australia’s most populous state, New South Wales (NSW).

Methods
We performed cross-sectional and population-based cohort analyses using data from the state Pap Test Register in NSW. We calculated the age-adjusted proportion of women aged 20-69 years electing to have adjunctive LBC over the period from 2006-2010. We also calculated the fully-adjusted odds ratios for the association between subsequent LBC use and age, socioeconomic status, place of residence, previous cytological history and provider type in a cohort of 360,247 women who had an index cervical cytology test in 2006–8.

Results
Uptake of LBC varied between 29.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 29.5-30.0%) in 2006/7 and 26.6% (95% CI: 26.4-26.9%) in 2009/10. LBC was more likely to be used in women aged 30-44 years, if it had been used previously (OR13.58, 95% CI: 13.33-13.84), if the previous test result was abnormal (OR2.62, 95% CI:2.53-2.72) or unsatisfactory (OR2.37, 95% CI:2.27-3.47), or if a gynaecologist requested the test (OR1.50, 95% CI:1.46-1.54). Uptake was least for women in remote/very remote areas (OR0.68; 95% CI:0.57-0.80 referenced to those in major cities) and in lower socioeconomic groups (OR 0.41, 95% CI:0.40-0.42 for lowest versus highest SES quintile).

Conclusion
In the current environment in NSW, Australia, in which public funding for LBC has not been available, adjunctive uptake of LBC depends strongly on a woman’s age, her screening history and socioeconomic factors. These findings provide important context for a current review of technologies used in the National Cervical Screening Program in Australia.
Rivastigmine in moderately severe-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease: Severe Impairment Battery factor analysis
Authors: Ferris Steven , Karantzoulis Stella , Somogyi Monique , Meng Xiangyi 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) is validated for assessing cognition in patients with severe dementia. The current analysis aimed to further investigate the cognitive efficacy of rivastigmine capsules, as assessed by SIB factor scores, in patients with moderately severe-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of a 26-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral rivastigmine conducted in Spain. Previously reported outcome measures included the full SIB. Current analyses examined calculated scores and effect sizes for the change from baseline at Week 26 on: newly defined SIB subscales (derived by a factor analysis of the 40 SIB items, using the PROC FACTOR function (SAS)); previously defined memory, language and praxis subscales (derived by previous analysis of the nine SIB domains); and the individual SIB items. Treatment differences were assessed.

Results
SIB data were provided by 104 rivastigmine-treated patients and 106 patients receiving placebo (Intent-To-Treat Last Observation Carried Forward population). Significantly less decline was observed on the previously defined memory and language subscales, and the newly defined working memory/memory subscale in rivastigmine-treated patients (all P < 0.05 versus placebo). Calculation of effect sizes demonstrated numerically greater efficacy of rivastigmine versus placebo on each of the subscales, and a broad range of SIB items; greatest effect sizes were observed on SIB items assessing the current month (effect size = 0.30) and digit span series (effect size = 0.33).

Conclusions
These data suggest the observed efficacy of rivastigmine in moderately severe-to-severe AD is likely a cumulative effect across a range of tasks. Rivastigmine demonstrates broad cognitive efficacy in this patient population.
Crowding Out in the Labor Market: A Prosocial Setting Is Necessary
Authors: Hossain Tanjim , Li King King 
Published: December 2013

Recent studies, mostly from prosocial settings, suggest that monetary rewards may crowd out effort exertion by economic agents. We design a field experiment with data entry workers to investigate the extent of such crowding-out effects in a labor market. Using simple variations in the job description of a task, we induce a natural work setting under the work frame and emphasize social preference under the social frame. We find that crowding out of labor participation critically depends on framing—whereas small monetary rewards reduce the participation rate under the social frame, the participation rate is nondecreasing in the wage rate under the work frame. Moreover, among the workers who participate in the task, those who receive a positive wage perform a considerably higher amount of work than those who are paid zero wage under either frame. Thus, there is weak evidence of crowding out only when the task is explicitly given a prosocial flavor and not under a regular work setting. Furthermore, emphasizing social preference in the labor market in such a way reduces the overall labor supply and seems to have an adverse effect on the quality of work. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1807 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
The rise of temporal expressions in the history of Japanese: A preliminary account
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshiko 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn cognitive linguistics, a widely accepted and highly influential approach to the notion of time is conceptual metaphor. This states that the abstract concept time should be understood in terms of a concrete concept such as space. This paper challenges this notion by proposing that time exhibits independent experience. Using diachronic data, the paper investigates how temporal expressions in Japanese have emerged that are also employed as spatial expressions, and demonstrates how they conform to theoretical standpoints that are postulated in synchronic studies. First, I refer to the insights of Fraisse (1963), who singles out from a psychological point of view two fundamental perspectives of time: succession and duration. Second, I provide 10 examples from the eighth century to the fourteenth century that comply with five aspects of psychological reality (succession, duration, causation, organization, and anticipation). Third, I evaluate Evans’ (2004) cognitive complex models that champion temporal independence. The paper makes two claims. First, the rise of Japanese temporal expressions does not rely on external experience but on internal, that is, psychological perspectives. Second, the three attributes central to Evans’ models (motion, agency, and sequence) were not absolutely fundamental when Japanese temporal expressions emerged. While this last point downgrades Evans’ models, the paper tentatively suggests an alternative approach, namely that a diachronic development should embrace indexical, iconic, and symbolic evidence for the construction of linguistic signs.
Reshaping biological membranes in endocytosis: crossing the configurational space of membrane-protein interactions
Authors: Simunovic Mijo , Bassereau Patricia 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Lipid membranes are highly dynamic. Over several decades, physicists and biologists have uncovered a number of ways they can change the shape of membranes or alter their phase behavior. In cells, the intricate action of membrane proteins drives these processes. Considering the highly complex ways proteins interact with biological membranes, molecular mechanisms of membrane remodeling still remain unclear. When studying membrane remodeling phenomena, researchers often observe different results, leading them to disparate conclusions on the physiological course of such processes. Here we discuss how combining research methodologies and various experimental conditions contributes to the understanding of the entire phase space of membrane-protein interactions. Using the example of clathrin-mediated endocytosis we try to distinguish the question ‘how can proteins remodel the membrane?’ from ‘how do proteins remodel the membrane in the cell?’ In particular, we consider how altering physical parameters may affect the way membrane is remodeled. Uncovering the full range of physical conditions under which membrane phenomena take place is key in understanding the way cells take advantage of membrane properties in carrying out their vital tasks.
Controlling Perimeters, Controlling Lives:Israel and Gaza
Authors: Bashi Sari 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article analyzes the way in which the Israeli military exercises control over life in Gaza by regulating who and what may enter or leave. Using primary source documents obtained via the Freedom of Information Act proceedings, the article details a military bureaucracy that micro-manages requests to move people and goods through Gaza’s crossings. For example, the transfer of chickpea paste requires approval from a senior military official holding the rank of major general, and soldiers evaluate the quality of care offered to an orphan by his or her surviving parent, as a condition of authorizing the child’s passage to his parent’s home. The article discusses the effects of such control on the lives of those inside Gaza, including their exercise of rights and their social and economic choices. It then explores the motivations behind the restrictions, relying on statements and actions by Israeli officials. The article extends the current literature on deliberately nonrational bureaucracies in the context of rule by a foreign power by showing how the Israeli military bureaucracy maintains some functions of control over the local population in Gaza, despite its withdrawal and dismantling of its military government. It concludes by noting that the effects of the travel restrictions and their purpose are relevant to the normative debate over their legitimacy and suggests areas for further research.
Soft computing techniques for compressive strength prediction of concrete cylinders strengthened by CFRP composites
Authors: Jalal Mostafa 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study presents the application of soft computing techniques, namely, as multiple regressions (MRs), neural networks (NNs), genetic programming (GP), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for modeling of compressive strength of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined concrete cylinders. The proposed soft computing models are based on experimental results collected from literature. They represent the ultimate strength of concrete cylinders after confinement with CFRP composites, which is in terms of diameter and height of the cylindrical specimen, ultimate circumferential strain in the CFRP jacket, elastic modulus of CFRP, unconfined concrete strength, and total thickness of CFRP layer used. The accuracy of the proposed soft computing models is very satisfactory compared to experimental results. Moreover, the results of proposed soft computing models are compared with five models existing in the literature proposed by various researchers so far and are found to be, by far, more accurate.
Crystal structure and spectral properties of complexes of tetravalent Th, U,
Np and Pu nitrates with trimethyl phosphate and dimethyl phosphate
Authors: Charushnikova I. A. , Budantseva N. A. , Fedosseev A. M. , Moisy P. , Den Auwer C. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Single crystals of [Th(TMP)6(NO3)2][Th(TMP)2(NO3)5]2 (1),
[Th(TMP)4(NO3)3][Th(TMP)2(NO3)5] (2),
[U(DMP)3(NO3)] (3), [Np(DMP)3(NO3)] (4), and
[Pu(DMP)2(NO3)2(H2O)]·H2O (5) have been synthesized and their structures have been
determined by X-ray analysis. IR and optical spectra of polycrystalline compounds 3 and 4 were measured at
room temperature. The Th(IV) is crystallized as two complexes with TMP molecular ligands and NO3 anions in coordination
environment. The Th atoms in cationic moieties of 1 and 2 are characterized by coordination number of 10 and
in the anionic moieties by coordination number of 12. Compounds of U(IV), Np(IV) and Pu(IV) were obtained with two different
anions (NO3 and DMP) in coordination environment of the central atom. U(IV) and Np(IV) compounds are isostructural and the
main motif of structure is made of infinite chains of [An(DMP)3(NO3)]
n
, twisted around hexagonal axes. In the
structure of Pu(IV) the main structural motif is made of infinite chains [Pu(DMP)2(NO3)2(H2O)]
n
,
extending along the b axis. The coordination numbers of An(IV) are equal to 8 for U and Np, and 9 for Pu. The difference in
the structure and composition of formed compounds Th and U, Np, Pu could be explained by hydrolysis of TMP at the synthesis
conditions.
Development of a radiothallium (III) labeld porphyrin complex as a potential
imaging agent
Authors: Fazaeli Y. , Jalilian A. R. , Feizi S. , Shadanpour N. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Since 201Tl is widely used in SPECT and porphyrins are important biological carriers, we tried to obtain a stable
complex between thallium and porphyrins. The thallium porphyrin complex was synthesized by reaction of 201Tl(III)
with porphyrin at 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (H2PFPP) for 60 min at 100°C. The
complex was analysed via TLC and HPLC stability (in the final formulation and human serum) and the partition
coefficient of the complex was determined. The biodistribution of the labeled compound in vital organs of wild-type rats was
investigated. The complex was prepared with high radiochemical purity (> 99% ITLC, > 99% HPLC, specific
activity: 13–14 GBq/mmol) (log P = 1.92). The stability of the Tl+3-complex seems to be low since the
complex or free thallium is rapidly cleared through the kidneys and the liver.
Predictions of redox potentials of Sg in acid solutions as a function of pH
Authors: Pershina V. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Redox potentials of Sg in acid solutions as a function of pH are predicted. The work is based on earlier estimates of standard
redox potentials via a correlation with multiple ionization potentials of group-6 elements calculated using
a multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock method. As expected, most of the potentials, except for those from the M3+ to the M2+
and M (M = Cr, Mo, W and Sg) states, decrease with increasing pH, with the most pronounced effect for the
M
IV
/M
III
couple. The obtained values show that the reduction of Sg to the IV and III states should be
feasible in HCl solutions in a pH range from 0 to 3 or 4.
Effects of raloxifene and estrogen on bioactive IGF1 in GH-deficient women
Authors: Birzniece Vita , Magnusson Nils Erik , Ho Ken K Y , Frystyk Jan 
Published: December 2013

ContextGH action is attenuated by estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) administered orally. During GH therapy in hypopituitary women, co-treatment with raloxifene, a SERM, induced a smaller gain in lean body mass (LBM) compared with estrogen, despite an equal reduction in IGF1. As a higher IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) level was observed with raloxifene co-treatment, we hypothesize that an increase in IGFBP3 reduced IGF1 bioactivity causing the attenuated anabolic effect.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and raloxifene on bioactive IGF1.DesignIn study 1, 12 GH-deficient (GHD) women were randomized to raloxifene 120 mg/day or E24 mg/day for 1 month. In study 2, 16 GHD women were randomized to 1 month GH treatment alone (0.5 mg/day) and in combination with raloxifene (60 mg/day) or E2(2 mg/day). We measured bioactive IGF1, immunoreactive IGF1 and IGF2, and IGFBP3 immunoreactivity and fragmentation.ResultsRaloxifene and estrogen suppressed (P<0.05) total IGF1 equally in GHD and GH-replaced hypopituitary women. In GHD patients, neither raloxifene nor estrogen affected bioactive IGF1. GH significantly increased IGF1 bioactivity, an effect attenuated by co-treatment with raloxifene (Δ −23±7%,P<0.01) and estrogen (Δ −26±3%,P=0.06). Total IGF1 correlated (r2=0.54,P<0.001) with bioactive IGF1, which represented 3.1±0.2% of the total IGF1, irrespective of the treatments. Total IGF2 was unchanged by raloxifene and estrogen treatment. IGFBP3 was significantly higher during raloxifene administration, whereas no differences in IGFBP3 fragmentation were observed.ConclusionRaloxifene effect on bioactive IGF1 is similar to that of estrogen despite higher IGFBP3 levels during raloxifene administration. We conclude that the observed different effects on LBM between raloxifene and estrogen treatments cannot be explained by differences in IGF1 bioactivity.
Characterization of Mortar with Mineral Additives
Authors: Mejía Durán M. R. , Torres Acosta A. A. , Arroyo Contreras M.G. , Rendón Belmonte M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been an increase on the number of concrete structures with corrosion induced damage in Mexico in recent years. It is also well known that cathodic protection (CP) is the only method that stops corrosion in an efficient way. Since the 1990’s Florida and other USA states have been installing in concrete pile substructures, in bridges and piers, a three part hybrid galvanic CP system. This hybrid galvanic CP system includes a thermal sprayed part (located at the aerial zone of the pile), a zinc mesh encapsulated in mortar and inside a glass fiber jacket (located at the change in ties zone), and a submerged zinc bulk anode (in the submerged zone). From a previous investigation performed by the present authors, it has been found that the mortar inside the fiberglass form may decrease the mesh anode activation and thus decrease the CP system efficiency. Therefore, this investigation includes an evaluation of different additions placed in mortar to increase its electrical and ionic conductivity to increase the efficiency of the entire hybrid system. Additions include carbon, zinc and alumina powders, and this investigation presents preliminary experimental results obtained from the tested mortars (i.e. mortar physical characterization: electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and total void content).
The fabrication and optical detection of a vertical structure organic thin film transistor
Authors: Zhang H. , Wang D. , Jia P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUsing vacuum evaporation and sputtering process, we prepared a photoelectric transistor with the vertical structure of Cu/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/Al/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/ITO. The material of CuPc semiconductor has good photosensitive properties. Excitons will be generated after the optical signal irradiation in semiconductor material, and then transformed into photocurrent under the built-in electric field formed by the Schottky contact, as the organic transistor drive current makes the output current enlarged. The results show that the I–V characteristics of transistor are unsaturated. When device was irradiated by full band (white) light, its working current significantly increased. In full band white light, when Vec = 3 V, the ratio of light and no light current was ranged for 2.9–6.4 times. Device in the absence of light current amplification coefficient is 16.5, and white light amplification coefficient is 98.65.
A robust SVD-based image watermarking using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization
Authors: Loukhaoukha K. , Nabti M. , Zebbiche K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe major objective in developing a robust digital watermarking algorithm is to obtain the highest possible robustness without losing the visual imperceptibility. To achieve this objective, we proposed in this paper an optimal image watermarking scheme using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and singular value decomposition (SVD) in wavelet domain. Having decomposed the original image into ten sub-bands, singular value decomposition is applied to a chosen detail sub-band. Then, the singular values of the chosen sub-band are modified by multiple scaling factors (MSF) to embed the singular values of watermark image. Various combinations of multiple scaling factors are possible, and it is difficult to obtain optimal solutions. Thus, in order to achieve the highest possible robustness and imperceptibility, multi-objective optimization of the multiple scaling factors is necessary. This work employs particle swarm optimization to obtain optimum multiple scaling factors. Experimental results of the proposed approach show both the significant improvement in term of imperceptibility and robustness under various attacks.
Agenesis of Third Molars in Orthodontic Patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital
Authors: Upadhyaya Chandan , Adhikari Bhoj Raj , Kafle Dashrath , Humagain Manoj 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objective: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the prevalence of agenesis or congenitally missing third molars in orthodontic patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital.
Materials & Methods: A retrospective study of a total of 294 patients, of both genders ranging from 12 to 34 years of age who were orthodontically treated between August, 2010 to May 2012, were reviewed from the files of the Department of Orthodontics, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. The records included panoramic radiographs and study models of all patients with intra oral photographs at the beginning of treatment.
Results: It shows that agenesis of one to four third molars was present in male group in 63 cases out of 94, i.e, 67.02% and in the female group in 85 cases out of 200, i.e. in 42.5%. In the group of male and female together, we found the agenesis of one to four third molars in 148 cases, which is 50.34 %.
Conclusions: Data concerning the incidence of third molars agenesis belong to the essential characteristics of the dentition's status of the given population. Dental developmental anomalies can indicate the degree of genetic load of individuals and relatives. By analyzing the global term "agenesis of one to four third molars" it is possible to receive data, which are quite significant for the orthodontic treatment plan.
O direito à memória: a história oral de mulheres que lutaram contra a ditadura militar (1964-84)
Authors: Rovai Marta Gouveia de Oliveira 
Published: December 2013

Este artigo tem como proposta apresentar trabalhos historiográficos que trataram de testemunhos femininos sobre a luta contra a ditadura militar brasileira. Dentre eles, apresento também minha pesquisa de doutorado, desenvolvida a partir das histórias de vida de mulheres que resistiram contra a opressão, de forma silenciosa, tendo poucas vezes sido reconhecidas pela sociedade como sujeitos históricos. A história oral testemunhal exerce hoje um grande papel de denúncia e de direito à memória de grupos ainda pouco visíveis no cenário público, inclusive de mulheres, muitas vezes vistas como estranhas ao espaço político. Seus relatos revelam múltiplas formas de ações na luta contra o autoritarismo, mostrando que público e privado não são excludentes nem se opõem.Palavras-chave: História oral testemunhal. Direito à memória. Mulheres. Ditadura militar.