bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite markers isolated from Cabomba aquatica s.l. (Cabombaceae) from an enriched genomic library
Authors: Barbosa Tiago D. M. , Trad Rafaela J. , Bajay Miklos M. , Amaral Maria C. E. 
Published: November 2015

Premise of the study:Microsatellite primers were designed for the submersed aquatic plant Cabomba aquatica s.l. (Cabombaceae) and characterized to estimate genetic diversity parameters.Methods and Results:Using a selective hybridization method, we designed and tested 30 simple sequence repeat loci using two natural populations of C. aquatica s.l., resulting in 13 amplifiable loci. Twelve loci were polymorphic, and alleles per locus ranged from two to four across the 49 C. aquatica s.l. individuals. Observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and fixation index varied from 0.0 to 1.0, 0.0 to 0.5, and −1.0 to −0.0667, respectively, for the Manaus population and from 0.0 to 1.0, 0.0 to 0.6, and −1.0 to 0.4643 for the Viruá population.Conclusions:The developed markers will be used in further taxonomic and population studies within Cabomba. This set of microsatellite primers represents the first report on rapid molecular markers in the genus.
Visual Outcomes and Optical Quality After Femtosecond Laser Small Incision Lenticule Extraction: An 18-Month Prospective Study
Authors: Miao Huamao , Tian Mi , Xu Ye , Chen Yingjun , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: November 2015

PURPOSE:
To investigate the long-term visual outcomes and optical quality after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for moderate to high myopia correction.

METHODS:
Fifty-four patients (37 women, 17 men) who underwent SMILE were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. Patient ages ranged from 18 to 40 years, with a mean spherical equivalent of −6.50 ± 1.64 diopters. Data including refractive parameters, retinal image quality, intraocular scattering, and aberrations were collected at 6 and 18 months after surgery. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated.

RESULTS:

At 18 months after surgery, both the mean safety index and the efficacy index were 1.23 ± 0.23 (range: 0.80 to 1.50); there was no significant difference with indices measured at 6 months (
P
> .05). No patient lost two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity. Total higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and coma significantly increased after SMILE (
P
< .05), whereas total spherical aberrations and trefoil changed only slightly. The mean modulation transfer function cutoff frequency was 36.66 ± 8.54 cycles per degree (cpd) before surgery and 37.81 ± 6.89 cpd at 18 months postoperatively; the mean objective scatter index was 0.62 ± 0.33 before surgery and 0.71 ± 0.38 at 18 months postoperatively. No significant difference was found between the three time points (
P
> .05). Mean patient satisfaction was 9.31 ± 0.64 (with a maximum score of 10).

CONCLUSIONS:
SMILE showed good safety, efficacy, and stability in correcting moderate to high myopia, and patients were highly satisfied. HOAs increased after SMILE, mainly due to the increase of coma, whereas retinal image quality and intraocular scattering barely changed.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(11):726–731.]
Lenticule Quality After Continuous Curvilinear Lenticulerrhexis in SMILE Evaluated With Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Meiyan , Sun Ling , Zhao Jing , Chen Yingjun , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: November 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the surface characteristics of lenticules extracted by continuous curvilinear lenticulerrhexis (CCL) in small incision lenticule extraction.

METHODS:
Twelve eyes treated with small incision lenticule extraction were included in the study and divided into two groups: the CCL and traditional groups. The extracted lenticules were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Both the anterior and the posterior surfaces of the lenticules were accessed. A scoring system was used to evaluate surface characteristics of the lenticules with a full mark of 16.

RESULTS:
All of the lenticules in the CCL group exhibited smoothness and regularity on both sides and received scores of 14 or 15. The average score of anterior surfaces was 14.83 ± 0.41 for the CCL group and 14.00 ± 2.45 for the traditional group. The average score for the posterior surfaces was 14.50 ± 0.55 for the CCL group and 14.83 ± 0.41 for the traditional group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The surfaces of lenticules extracted by the CCL technique in small incision lenticule extraction are of good quality.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(11):732–735.]
CD Nomenclature 2015: Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen Workshops as a Driving Force in Immunology
Authors: Engel Pablo , Boumsell Laurence , Balderas Robert , Bensussan Armand , Gattei Valter , Horejsi Vaclav , Jin Bo-Quan , Malavasi Fabio , Mortari Frank , Schwartz-Albiez Reinhard , Stockinger Hannes , van Zelm Menno C. , Zola Heddy , Clark Georgina 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
CD (cluster of differentiation) Ags are cell surface molecules expressed on leukocytes and other cells relevant for the immune system. CD nomenclature has been universally adopted by the scientific community and is officially approved by the International Union of Immunological Societies and sanctioned by the World Health Organization. It provides a unified designation system for mAbs, as well as for the cell surface molecules that they recognize. This nomenclature was established by the Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens Workshops. In addition to defining the CD nomenclature, these workshops have been instrumental in identifying and determining the expression and function of cell surface molecules. Over the past 30 y, the data generated by the 10 Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens Workshops have led to the characterization and formal designation of more than 400 molecules. CD molecules are commonly used as cell markers, allowing the identification and isolation of leukocyte populations, subsets, and differentiation stages. mAbs against these molecules have proven to be essential for biomedical research and diagnosis, as well as in biotechnology. More recently, they have been recognized as invaluable tools for the treatment of several malignancies and autoimmune diseases. In this article, we describe how the CD nomenclature was established, present the official updated list of CD molecules, and provide a rationale for their usefulness in the 21st century.
Long-Term Anatomical and Functional Results in Patients Undergoing Observation for Idiopathic Nontractional Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Rouvas Alexandros , Chatziralli Irini , Androu Aggeliki , Papakonstantinou Sotirios , Kouvari Maria S. , Alonistiotis Dimitrios , Theodossiadis Panagiotis 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To evaluate the anatomical and functional course without surgical intervention in patients with nontractional epiretinal membrane (ERM) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a long-term follow-up of 38.2 ± 30.6 months. Methods Participants were 58 patients with nontractional ERM, which was defined as a tear or rip of the ERM in at least one line of OCT scan. All patients were observed without any surgical intervention. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, funduscopy, and SD-OCT. Routine follow-up visits were performed every 6 months or earlier at the discretion of the investigator. Results There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA or central foveal thickness (CFT) at all time points of the follow-up. About 84.4% of patients presented improvement or stabilization in BCVA at the end of the follow-up, while 53.4% of patients had a decrease in CFT. All patients had intact ellipsoid zone and none of them needed surgical intervention at the end of the follow-up of 38.2 ± 30.6 months. Conclusions In patients with nontractional ERM, BCVA and CFT may remain stable in a long-term follow-up. Therefore, if ellipsoid zone is intact and there is a tear or rip of ERM in at least one OCT scan, patients can be monitored and surgery may be deferred because of high percentage of structural and functional stability.
Helicoid Peripapillary Chorioretinal Degeneration Complicated by Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Triantafylla Magdalini , Panos Georgios D. , Dardabounis Doukas , Nanos Panagiotis , Konstantinidis Aristeidis 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Helicoid peripapillary chorioretinal degeneration (HPCD) is a hereditary disease of the fundus that is characterized by atrophic chorioretinal areas that appear early in life and expand gradually from the optic disc towards the macula and the periphery. Methods We describe the case of an elderly man with a known diagnosis of HPCD who developed choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) in both eyes during the course of the disease. Results The patient was treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, to which he had excellent response. The CNV subsided with 2 injections in the right eye and 1 in the left. Two years after the initial diagnosis of CNV in the right eye, visual acuity was 5/10 OD and 9/10 OS. Conclusions Helicoid peripapillary chorioretinal degeneration is rarely complicated by CNV as the fundus lacks the trigger factors that would sustain this process. Although rare, HPCD complicated by CNV can be seen bilaterally, but responds well to few ranibizumab injections.
Predicting Cataract Surgery Time Based on Preoperative Risk Assessment
Authors: Achiron Asaf , Haddad Fady , Gerra Mohammed , Bartov Elisha , Burgansky-Eliash Zvia 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Operating room (OR) time is an expensive resource that should be optimized to reduce costs. Individual preoperative risk parameters (PORS) assessment may aid in predicting cataract surgery time. Methods Dedicated software was developed and known risk factors for cataract surgery were integrated into it. Preoperative risk parameters were assigned to each patient in the preoperative meeting and the risk score was calculated. A total of 153 patients were divided according to a standard classification into low-risk group (PORS ≤2) and high-risk group (PORS >5). Duration of surgery for each group was compared by Student t test and linear regression analysis was used to calculate the relation between change in OR time and change in risk score. Results Patients in the high PORS group had longer surgery times when compared with patients in the low PORS group (37.6 vs 19.6, p<0.001). Risk scores positively correlated with surgery time (r = 0.30, p<0.001). Prediction equations for the OR time demonstrated for 2 surgeons that every increase in 1 risk point added 2.2 or 3.3 minutes to the OR time. Outliers (more than 1 standard deviation [SD] from each surgeon's surgery mean time) had more than twice the risk score of cases within 1 SD from the mean. Conclusions The PORS system may be a useful tool for predicting OR time based on individual patient risk and may improve OR scheduling.
Big-Bubble Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty using Central vs Peripheral Air Injection: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Feizi Sepehr , Daryabari Seyed-Hashem , Najdi Danial , Javadi Mohammad Ali , Karimian Farid 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To compare 2 sites of air injection to achieve Descemet membrane (DM) detachment in big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). Methods In this prospective, randomized study, 48 eyes of 48 keratoconus-affected patients who underwent DALK by cornea fellows were enrolled. Each patient was randomly assigned into one of 2 groups. After trephination to approximately 80% of the corneal thickness, a 27-G needle was inserted into the stroma from the trephination site. The needle was moved radially inside the trephination site and advanced to the central or paracentral cornea in group 1. In group 2, the needle was inserted into the deep stroma from the trephination site and advanced into the peripheral cornea to approximately 1.5 mm anterior to the limbus. Air was gently injected into the deep stroma until a big bubble was formed. The rates of DM separation and complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results Big-bubble formation was successful in 79.2% of the eyes in the study group. A bare DM was achieved by central injection in 68.0% of group 1 and by peripheral injection in 69.6% of group 2 (p = 0.68). This rate was increased to 80.0% and 78.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, after the injection site was shifted when injections failed. The study groups were comparable in terms of complications including DM perforation and bubble bursting. Conclusions Both injection sites were equivalent in their rates of big-bubble formation and complications. Less experienced surgeons are advised to initially inject air outside the trephination.
Influence of Hyperopia and Amblyopia on Choroidal Thickness in Children
Authors: Öner Veysi , Bulut Asker , Büyüktarakçı Şeyma , Kaim Muhammet 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To compare subfoveal choroidal thicknesses (ChTs) of anisometropic hyperopic amblyopic, hyperopic nonamblyopic, and emmetropic control eyes and to investigate the associations between ChT and ambylopia, spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length in the pediatric population. Methods Forty-six hyperopic nonamblyopic (hyperopic group), 33 anisometropic hyperopic amblyopic (amblyopic group), and 42 emmetropic (emmetropic group) eyes were enrolled in this cross-sectional comparative study. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used for quantitative analysis of subfoveal ChT. ChT was quantified manually as the distance between the hyperreflective line corresponding to the retinal pigment epithelium and the chorioscleral interface at the subfoveal area. Results The mean age was 10.6 ± 3.3 years (range 5-17) in the hyperopic group, 10.7 ± 3.3 years (range 5-17) in the amblyopic group, and 11.2 ± 3.3 years (range 5-17 years) in the emmetropic group (p = 0.627). The hyperopic and amblyopic groups had significantly thicker choroid compared to the emmetropic group (p1 = 0.005 and p2 = 0.006, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the hyperopic and amblyopic groups concerning subfoveal ChT (p = 0.857). In addition, covariance analysis showed that although SE was independently associated with subfoveal ChT (p = 0.014), amblyopia had no significant independent effect on subfoveal ChT (p = 0.671). Further, subfoveal ChT had weak correlations with the axial length (r = −0.297, p = 0.001) and SE (r = 0.274, p = 0.002). Conclusions Hyperopia was associated with subfoveal ChT, whereas amblyopia had no independent significant effect on subfoveal ChT in our study population.
A 5-Year Survival Analysis of 160 Biomet Magnum M2 metal-on-Metal Total Hip Prostheses
Authors: Koper Maarten C. , Mathijssen Nina M.C. , Vehmeijer Stephan B.W. 
Published: November 2015

Background Large-head metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasties (THA) are associated with high failure rates and possible pseudotumour formation. This study reports the first results of 160 Biomet Magnum M2 large-head MoM total hip articulations. Patients and methods From 2006 to 2010 the Reinier de Graaf Hospital implanted 160 large-head Magnum M2 MoM THAs (Biomet Inc. Warsaw, Indiana, USA) in 150 patients. These patients were recalled after a warning from the Dutch Orthopaedic Association. Patients were offered a clinical and radiographic assessment of the hip prosthesis, serum control on cobalt and chromium ions, and an ultrasound of the hip. If indicated, additional MARS-MRI or CT scan was performed. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlations, t-tests, non-parametric tests and implant survival were calculated. Results The mean follow-up was 6.1 years (4.8-8.4). A cumulative survival rate of 93.1% (95% CI: 88.3-98%) was found after 5 years. Reasons for revision were loosening, pain, infection and pseudotumour formation. The prevalence of pseudotumour formation around the prostheses was 8.75%. Conclusions This study reports the first results of 160 MoM THAs implanted in our clinic from 2006-2010. In total, 13 (8.1%) of the THAs were eligible for revision after the recall. In most patients the reason for revision was pseudotumour formation. A total of 14 (8.75%) pseudotumours were diagnosed at the first recall. These results show that a comprehensive follow-up strategy is essential for MoM THAs to promptly identify and manage early complications.
TNF-α Suppression and Osteoprotegerin Overexpression Inhibits wear Debris-Induced Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis in vitro
Authors: Peng Li , Zhang Haowei , Zhou Yongfei , Li Wenbo , Jiang Peng , Zhang Yunge , Song Keguan 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Periprosthetic osteolysis, involving RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and TNF-α/NFκB signaling, contributes to bone resorption and inflammation. We constructed lentivirus vectors to inhibit TNF-α and enhance OPG expression and assessed their impacts on wear debris-induced inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in an osteoclast/osteoblast coculture system. Methods We transduced mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells with Lenti-negative control (Lenti-NC), Lenti-OPG or Lenti-siTNFα-OPG, and murine macrophage/monocyte RAW264.7 cells with Lenti-NC, Lenti-TNF-α siRNA or Lenti-siTNFα-OPG. Then, TNF-α and OPG protein levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We cocultured transduced MC3T3-E1 and RAW264.7 cells in transwell chambers in the presence of 0.1 mg/mL Ti particles to investigate the capacity of TNF-α inhibition to reduce wear debris-induced inflammation. We also assessed mRNA levels TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and OPG by RT-PCR as well as osteoclastogenesis by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Results Lenti-siTNFα-OPG ameliorated Ti-particle-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in MC3T3-E1/RAW264.7 cocultures, while enhancing mRNA and protein levels of OPG, and reducing the fraction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ cells. Conclusions Lenti-siTNFα-OPG can inhibit the wear debris-induced inflammatory responses and osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment or prevention of wear particle-induced osteolysis.
L’adoption d’un produit alimentaire nouveau face à des freins culturels forts : le cas de l’entomophagie en France
Authors: Séré de Lanauze Gilles 
Published: November 2015

L’entomophagie – le fait de consommer des insectes – est une pratique tout à fait étrangère à la culture occidentale. Elle est pourtant répandue dans de nombreux pays et est aujourd’hui présentée comme source de nombreux bénéfices nutritionnels, écologiques et durables. Alors que les consommateurs occidentaux développent une sensibilité grandissante à l’égard des questions environnementales et sociétales, les avantages perçus de l’entomophagie peuvent-ils favoriser l’essai et l’adoption d’un nouveau produit en butte à des freins culturels très forts ? L’étude exploratoire menée par entretiens auprès de 60 individus français montre que, si les consommateurs sont conscients des bénéfices de l’entomophagie, les nombreuses résistances envers une pratique si peu familière, seront davantage réduites par des leviers portant sur le produit lui-même et la situation expérientielle que par la prise en compte de ses bénéfices biosphériques.
Characterizing seawater oxygen isotopic variability in a regional ocean modeling framework: Implications for coral proxy records
Authors: Stevenson S. , Powell B. S. , Merrifield M. A. , Cobb K. M. , Nusbaumer J. , Noone D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReconstructions of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are often created using the oxygen isotopic ratio in tropical coral skeletons (δ18O). However, coral δ18O can be difficult to interpret quantitatively, as it reflects changes in both temperature and the δ18O value of seawater. Small‐scale (10–100 km) processes affecting local temperature and seawater δ18O are also poorly quantified and contribute an unknown amount to intercoral δ18O offsets. A new version of the Regional Ocean Modeling System capable of directly simulating seawater δ18O (isoROMS) is therefore presented to address these issues. The model is used to simulate δ18O variations over the 1979–2009 period throughout the Pacific at coarse (O(50 km)) resolution, in addition to 10 km downscaling experiments covering the central equatorial Pacific Line Islands, a preferred site for paleo‐ENSO reconstruction from corals. A major impact of downscaling at the Line Islands is the ability to resolve fronts associated with tropical instability waves (TIWs), which generate large excursions in both temperature and seawater δ18O at Palmyra Atoll (5.9°N, 162.1°W). TIW‐related sea surface temperature gradients are smaller at neighboring Christmas Island (1.9°N, 157.5°W), but the interaction of mesoscale features with the steep island topography nonetheless generates cross‐island temperature differences of up to 1°C. These nonlinear processes alter the slope of the salinity:seawater δ18O relationship at Palmyra and Christmas, as well as affect the relation between coral δ18O and indices of ENSO variability. Consideration of the full physical oceanographic context of reef environments is therefore crucial for improving δ18O‐based ENSO reconstructions.
Structural and geochronological constraints on the Pan‐African tectonic evolution of the northern Damara Belt, Namibia
Authors: Lehmann Jérémie , Saalmann Kerstin , Naydenov Kalin V. , Milani Lorenzo , Belyanin George A. , Zwingmann Horst , Charlesworth Guy , Kinnaird Judith A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Pan‐African Orogen formed by convergence of numerous continental blocks during the Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian. This convergence eventually led to amalgamation of Gondwana, a supercontinent crosscut by a network of highly oblique linear orogenic belts that locally intersect each other, as in NW Namibia, where the NNW trending Kaoko Belt joins the NE trending Damara Belt. The northern Damara Belt has preserved well three regional Pan‐African tectonic events due to the dominance of weak Neoproterozoic marine sediments (Damara Supergroup) that have been affected by low‐grade metamorphism. A newly discovered early N‐S horizontal contraction, dated by 40Ar/39Ar at ~590 Ma, is tentatively linked to convergence between the Congo and Kalahari cratons. This was superseded by collision between the Congo and Rio de la Plata cratons between 580 and 530 Ma that thickened and exhumed the orogenic crust of the Kaoko Belt and produce upper crustal N‐S oriented folds of earlier fold trains and associated axial planar schistosities in the northern Damara Belt. A switch from E‐W to NW‐SE horizontal shortening occurred at ~530 Ma as a result of collision with the Kalahari Craton, triggering extensive syn‐orogenic magmatism in the entire Damara Belt. During this last event, southward indentation and underthrusting of the Congo Craton promontory below the Neoproterozoic cover sequences produced a deformation front in the northern Damara Belt. Our results show that highly oblique convergent processes competed over a period of ~120 Ma to build Gondwana in Namibia during the late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian.
Political Economy
Authors: Mosco Vincent 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Political economy examines power, particularly how it shapes the ways resources are produced, exchanged, and consumed. The central characteristics of a political economy approach include an interest in social change, including major historical transformations such as the transition from industrial to informational capitalism. Political economists also pay close attention to how social totalities are created and disrupted by social class, gender, and racial divisions. The approach focuses as well on social values, particularly freedom and democracy that guide, or should guide, social behavior. Finally, political economists are committed to praxis, or using research to influence society. Political economists of communication have examined the power of media corporations and the impact of commercialism. They also focus on the role of the media and the state in promoting and opposing social divisions.