bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in reporting serious adverse events in industry sponsored clinical trial registries and journal articles on antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hughes Shannon , Cohen David , Jaggi Rachel 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the degree of concordance in reporting serious adverse events (SAEs) from antidepressant and antipsychotic drug trials among journal articles and clinical trial summaries, and to categorise types of discrepancies.DesignCross-sectional study of summaries of all antidepressant and antipsychotic trials included in an online trial registry and their first associated stand-alone journal articles.SettingClinicalstudyresults.org, sponsored by Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America; clinicaltrials.gov, administered by the US National Institutes of Health.Main outcome measure3 coders extracted data on the numbers and types of SAEs.Results244 trial summaries for six antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs were retrieved, 142 (58.2%) listing an associated article. Of 1608 SAEs in drug-treated participants according to trial summaries, 694 (43.2%) did not appear in associated articles. Nearly 60% of SAEs counted in articles and 41% in trial summaries had no description. Most cases of death (62.3%) and suicide (53.3%) were not reported in articles. Half or more of the 142 pairs were discordant in reporting the number (49.3%) or description (67.6%) of SAEs. These discrepancies resulted from journal articles’ (1) omission of complete SAE data, (2) reporting acute phase study results only and (3) more restrictive reporting criteria. Trial summaries with zero SAE were 2.35 (95% CI, 1.58 to 3.49; p<0.001) times more likely to be published with no discrepancy in their associated journal article. Since clinicalstudyresults.org was removed from the Internet in 2011, only 7.8% of retrieved trial summaries appear with results on clinicaltrials.gov.ConclusionsSubstantial discrepancies exist in SAE data found in journal articles and registered summaries of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug trials. Two main scientific sources accessible to clinicians and researchers are limited by incomplete, ambiguous and inconsistent reporting. Access to complete and accurate data from clinical trials of drugs currently in use remains a pressing concern.
Pharmacists’ response to anaphylaxis in the community (PRAC): a randomised, simulated patient study of pharmacist practice
Authors: Salter Sandra M , Delfante Brock , de Klerk Sarah , Sanfilippo Frank M , Clifford Rhonda M 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate how community pharmacists manage patients with anaphylaxis.DesignA randomised, cross-sectional, simulated patient study of community pharmacist practice.Setting300 metropolitan pharmacies located in Perth Australia, randomised to three groups of 100 pharmacies. Each group corresponded to a different epinephrine autoinjector: original EpiPen, new-look EpiPen or Anapen.Participants300 pharmacies were visited with 271 simulated patient visits included in the final analysis (88=original EpiPen, 92=new-look EpiPen, 91=Anapen).Outcome measuresPrimaryanaphylaxis preparedness (readiness to treat acute anaphylaxis).Secondaryanaphylaxis engagement (willingness to engage the patient in a discussion about their anaphylaxis).MethodsSimulated patients approached pharmacists, using a standardised scenario, for assistance with epinephrine autoinjector use and advice about the use of antihistamines in anaphylaxis. Scores for each outcome were obtained based on the number of predefined statements addressed by the pharmacist during the consultation (maximum score=5 for preparedness and 8 for engagement).ResultsThe mean anaphylaxis preparedness score was 2.39 points (SD 1.17). Scores for new-look EpiPen were significantly higher than for original EpiPen and Anapen (2.75 vs 2.38 points, p=0.027; 2.75 vs 2.03 points, p<0.001, respectively). Overall, 17.3% of pharmacists correctly demonstrated the epinephrine autoinjector. The mean anaphylaxis engagement score was 3.11 points (SD 1.73). Scores for new-look EpiPen were similar to original EpiPen and Anapen (3.11 vs 3.32 points; 3.11 vs 2.90 points, both p=0.42). Engagement was associated with preparedness. For each additional engagement point, preparedness increased by 7% (0.357 points; 95% CI 0.291 to 0.424; p<0.001).ConclusionsPharmacists demonstrated reasonable knowledge of anaphylaxis symptoms and emergency care, but had poor epinephrine autoinjector technique and rarely discussed anaphylaxis action plans. Pharmacists who had a more comprehensive discussion about anaphylaxis with patients, were more prepared for anaphylaxis emergencies. Future research should evaluate the nature and significance of errors in pharmacists’ autoinjector technique.
Periodic Solutions of Second Order Nonlinear Difference Equations with Singularϕ-Laplacian Operator
Authors: Ma Ruyun , Lu Yanqiong 
Published: July 2014

We obtain some existence results of solutions for discrete periodic boundary value problems with singularϕ-Laplacian operator∇Δuk/1-κ(Δuk)2+rkuk+mk/(uk)λ=ek, 2≤k≤N-1, u1=uN, and Δu1=ΔuN-1by using the upper and lower solutions method and Brouwer degree theory, whereκ>0is a constant,r=(r2,…,rN-1),m=(m2,…,mN-1),e=(e2,…,eN-1)∈RN-2, andλ>0is a parameter. We also give some examples with singular nonlinearities to illustrate our main results.
Large-Scale Characterization of DNA Methylation Changes in Human Gastric Carcinomas with and without Metastasis
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Zhang Jun , Gao Yanhong , Pei Lirong , Zhou Jing , Gu Liankun , Zhang Lianhai , Zhu Budong , Hattori Naoko , Ji Jiafu , Yuasa Yasuhito , Kim Wooho , Ushijima Toshikazu , Shi Huidong , Deng Dajun 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Metastasis is the leading cause of death for gastric carcinoma. An epigenetic biomarker panel for predicting gastric carcinoma metastasis could have significant clinical impact on the care of patients with gastric carcinoma. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the methylation differences between gastric carcinomas with and without metastasis.
Experimental Design: Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles between 4 metastatic and 4 nonmetastatic gastric carcinomas and their surgical margins (SM) were analyzed using methylated-CpG island amplification with microarray. The methylation states of 73 candidate genes were further analyzed in patients with gastric carcinoma in a discovery cohort (n = 108) using denatured high performance liquid chromatography, bisulfite-sequencing, and MethyLight. The predictive values of potential metastasis-methylation biomarkers were validated in cohorts of patients with gastric carcinoma in China (n = 330), Japan (n = 129), and Korea (n = 153).
Results: The gastric carcinoma genome showed significantly higher proportions of hypomethylation in the promoter and exon-1 regions, as well as increased hypermethylation of intragenic fragments when compared with SMs. Significant differential methylation was validated in the CpG islands of 15 genes (P &lt; 0.05) and confirmed using bisulfite sequencing. These genes included BMP3, BNIP3, CDKN2A, ECEL1, ELK1, GFRA1, HOXD10, KCNH1, PSMD10, PTPRT, SIGIRR, SRF, TBX5, TFPI2, and ZNF382. Methylation changes of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 resulted in up- or downregulation of their transcription. Most importantly, the prevalence of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 methylation alterations was consistently and coordinately associated with gastric carcinoma metastasis and the patients' overall survival throughout discovery and validation cohorts in China, Japan, and Korea.
Conclusion: Methylation changes of GFRA1, SRF, and ZNF382 may be a potential biomarker set for prediction of gastric carcinoma metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4598–612. ©2014 AACR.
Identification and characterisation of novel inhibitors on extrinsic tenase complex from Bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) venom
Authors: Kang Tse Siang , Chen Wan , Goh Leng Chuan , Kini Manjunatha 
Published: July 2014

SummarySnake venoms are excellent sources of pharmacologically active proteins and peptides, and hence are potential sources of leads for drug developments. It has been previously established that krait (Bungarus genus) venoms contain mainly neurotoxins. A screening for anticoagulants showed that Bungarus fasciatus venom exhibits potent anticoagulant effect in standard clotting assays. Through sequential fractionation of the venom by size exclusion and high performance liquid chromatographies, coupled with functional screening for anticoagulant activities, we have isolated and purified two anticoagulant proteins, termed BF-AC1 ( Bungarus fasciatus anticoagulant 1) and BFAC2. They have potent inhibitory activities (IC50 of 10 nM) on the extrinsic tenase complex. Structurally, these proteins each has two subunits covalently held together by disulfide bond(s). The N-terminal sequences of the individual subunits of BF-AC1 and BF-AC2 showed that the larger subunit is homologous to phospholipase A2, while the smaller subunit is homologous to Kunitz type serine proteinase inhibitor. Functionally, in addition to their anticoagulant activity, these proteins showed presynaptic neurotoxic effects in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments. Thus, BF-AC1 and BF-AC2 are structurally and functionally similar to β-bungarotoxins, a class of neurotoxins. The enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2 subunit plays a significant role in the anticoagulant activities. This is the first report on the anticoagulant activity of β-bungarotoxins and these results expand on the existing catalogue of haemostatically active snake venom proteins.
Factor Xa inhibits HMGB1-induced septic responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in mice
Authors: Lee Wonhwa , Ku Sae-Kwang , Bae Jong-Sup 
Published: July 2014

SummaryNuclear DNA-binding protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acts as a late mediator of severe vascular inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis. Activated factor X (FXa) is an important player in the coagulation cascade responsible for thrombin generation, and it influences cell signalling in various cell types by activating protease-activated receptors (PARs). However, the effect of FXa on HMGB1-induced inflammatory response has not been studied. First, we addressed this issue by monitoring the effects of post-treatment with FXa on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated regulation of pro-inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and septic mice. Post-treatment with FXa was found to suppress LPS-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements. FXa also inhibited HMGB1-mediated hyperpermeability and leukocyte migration in septic mice. In addition, FXa inhibited the production of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. FXa also facilitated the downregulation of CLP-induced release of HMGB1, production of IL-6, and mortality. Collectively, these results suggest that FXa may be regarded as a candidate therapeutic agent for treating vascular inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the HMGB1 signalling pathway.
Two new species of the genus Armascirus (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from India and Vietnam, with a description of the preimaginal stage of Armascirus fendai
Authors: KALÚZ Stanislav , ERMILOV SERGEY G. , VRABEC MICHAL 
Published: July 2014

Two new mite species from India and Vietnam, viz. Armascirus denheyeri sp. nov. and Armascirus orientalis sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata, Cunaxidae), are described and figured together with the description of the deutonymph of Armascirus fendai from Slovakia.
The Response of the Sea Ice Edge to Atmospheric and Oceanic Jet Formation
Authors: Heorton Harold D. B. S. , Feltham Daniel L. , Hunt Julian C. R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe sea ice edge presents a region of many feedback processes between the atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice (Maslowski et al.). Here the authors focus on the impact of on-ice atmospheric and oceanic flows at the sea ice edge. Mesoscale jet formation due to the Coriolis effect is well understood over sharp changes in surface roughness such as coastlines (Hunt et al.). This sharp change in surface roughness is experienced by the atmosphere and ocean encountering a compacted sea ice edge. This paper presents a study of a dynamic sea ice edge responding to prescribed atmospheric and oceanic jet formation. An idealized analytical model of sea ice drift is developed and compared to a sea ice climate model [the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE)] run on an idealized domain. The response of the CICE model to jet formation is tested at various resolutions.It is found that the formation of atmospheric jets at the sea ice edge increases the wind speed parallel to the sea ice edge and results in the formation of a sea ice drift jet in agreement with an observed sea ice drift jet (Johannessen et al.). The increase in ice drift speed is dependent upon the angle between the ice edge and wind and results in up to a 40% increase in ice transport along the sea ice edge. The possibility of oceanic jet formation and the resultant effect upon the sea ice edge is less conclusive. Observations and climate model data of the polar oceans have been analyzed to show areas of likely atmospheric jet formation, with the Fram Strait being of particular interest.
Sensory impairment after stroke: Exploring therapists’ clinical decision making
Authors: Doyle Susan D. , Bennett Sally , Dudgeon Brian J. 
Published: July 2014

Background. Stroke survivors experience sensory impairments that significantly limit upper-limb functional use. Lack of clear research-based guidelines about their management exacerbates the uncertainty in occupational therapists’ decision making to support these clients. Purpose. This study explores occupational therapists’ clinical decision making regarding upper-limb, post-stroke sensory impairments that can ultimately inform approaches to support therapists working with such clients. Method. Twelve therapists participated in a qualitative descriptive study. Transcripts of semi-structured interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Findings. Three overarching categories were identified: deciding on the focus of interventions (describing intervention choices), it all depends (outlining factors considered when choosing interventions), and managing uncertainty in decision making (describing uncertainty and actions taken to resolve it). Implications. Providing training about post-stroke sensory impairment and decision making may improve therapists’ decision making and ultimately improve client outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the impact of uncertainty on occupational therapy decision making and resulting care practices.
Non-suicidal self-injury among psychiatric outpatient adolescent offspring of Croatian posttraumatic stress disorder male war veterans: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates
Authors: Boričević Maršanić Vlatka , Aukst Margetić Branka , Ožanić Bulić Suzana , Đuretić Irena , Kniewald Hrvoje , Jukić Tatjana , Paradžik Ljubica 
Published: July 2014

Background: The children of male veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at particularly high risk of emotional and behavioral problems. However, no studies have examined non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in this population of youth. Aims: To determine the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of lifetime NSSI in a sample of psychiatric outpatient adolescent offspring of Croatian PTSD male veterans. Method: Consecutive outpatient adolescent offspring of Croatian male PTSD veterans, aged 12 to 18 years, were assessed on the Deliberate Self Harm Inventory, the Youth Self-Report, the Family Assessment Device, the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Demographics Questionnaire. Results: Of the whole sample, 52.7% of adolescents reported NSSI at least once during their lifetime. Lifetime NSSI was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–4.42, p = .040), poor family functioning (adjusted OR = 6.54; 95% CI: 2.02–21.22, p = .002), lower maternal and paternal care (adjusted OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.40–0.56, p = .000 and adjusted OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.91, p = .000, respectively) and higher paternal control (adjusted OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.59–2.14, p = .000) in multivariate analysis. No association was found between lifetime NSSI and any of the socio-demographic variables. Conclusion: NSSI is a significant clinical problem in outpatient adolescent offspring of PTSD male veterans, which may be influenced by clinical and family factors. Interventions aimed at reducing internalizing symptoms and improving family functioning and parental behaviors are needed in the treatment of adolescent offspring of male PTSD veterans engaging in NSSI.
Perspectives on clinical leadership: a qualitative study exploring the views of senior healthcare leaders in the UK
Authors: Nicol Edward D , Mohanna Kay , Cowpe Jenny 
Published: July 2014

Introduction Clinicians are being asked to play a major role leading the NHS. While much is written on about clinical leadership, little research in the medical literature has examined perceptions of the term or mapped the perceived attributes required for success. Objective To capture the views of senior UK healthcare leaders regarding their perception of the term `clinical leadership' and the cultural backdrop in which it is being espoused. Setting UK Healthcare sector Participants Senior UK Healthcare leaders Methods Twenty senior healthcare leaders including a former Health Minister, NHS Executives, NHS Strategic Health Authority, PCT and Acute Trust chief executives and medical directors, Medical Deans and other key actors in the UK medical leadership arena were interviewed between 2010 and 2011 using a semi-structured interview technique. Using grounded theory, themes were identified and subsequently analysed in an attempt to answer the broad questions posed. Main outcome measures Not applicable for a qualitative research project Results A number of themes emerged from this qualitative study. First, there was evidence of changing attitudes among doctors, particularly trainees, towards becoming involved in clinical leadership. However, there was unease over the ambiguity of the term ‘clinical leadership’ and the implications for the future. There was, however, broad agreement as to the perceived attributes and skills required for success in healthcare leadership. Conclusions Clinical leadership is often perceived to be doctor centric and ‘Healthcare Leadership’ may be a more inclusive term. An understanding of the historical medico-political context of the leadership debate is required by all healthcare leaders to fully understand the challenges of changing healthcare culture. Whilst the broad attributes deemed essential for success as a healthcare leaders are not new, significant effort and investment, including a physical Healthcare Academy, are required to best utilise and harmonise the breadth of leadership talent in the NHS.
Effects of gait training with a cane and an augmented pressure sensor for enhancement of weight bearing over the affected lower limb in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Jung Kyoungsim , Kim Young , Cha Yuri , In Tae-Sung , Hur Young-Goo , Chung Yijung 
Published: July 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gait training when using a cane with an augmented pressure sensor for enhancement of weight-bearing over the affected lower limb on the peak pressure force of the cane, muscle activation, and gait in patients with stroke. Design: Randomized controlled pilot study. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation center. Participants: A total of 22 hemiparetic stroke patients were recruited and randomly divided into an experimental group ( n = 11) and control group, which later had a drop-out ( n = 10). Interventions: Subjects in the experimental group participated in gait training with auditory feedback for 30 minutes, five times a week for four weeks, whereas those in the control group received gait training without auditory feedback for the same amount of time. Main measures: The peak force of cane, muscle activation of gluteus medius, and vastus medialis oblique, single limb support phase of the affected leg, and gait speed before and after training were collected. Results: Significant improvement in the peak force of cane, muscle activation of gluteus medius and vastus medialis oblique, single limb support phase of the affected leg, and gait speed were observed in the experimental group (13.5 ±9.5 cm/s) compared with the control group (3.7 ±8.4 cm/s) ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Gait training using a cane with an augmented pressure sensor to enhance weight bearing over the affected lower limb is beneficial and effective in improving the peak force of cane, muscle activation, and gait in stroke patients.
Feasibility of the modified constraint-induced movement therapy in patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries: a single-subject A-B-A design
Authors: Rostami Hamid Reza , Khayatzadeh Mahany Mohammad , Yarmohammadi Narjes 
Published: July 2014

Objective: The present study aimed to determine feasibility and efficacy of the modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper limb function in patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries. Design: Single subject, A1-B-A2 design. Setting: Occupational therapy outpatient clinic. Subjects: A convenience sample including three patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries. Interventions: Modified constraint-induced movement therapy as follows: an intensive practice with affected hand for one hour daily, five days per week, for four weeks while the healthy hand was immobilised using a splint during waking hours. Main measures: Semmes-weinstein monofilaments, Box and block test, and Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire. A blinded assessor administered the assessments in a random order across sessions, six times for the baseline phase (A1), four times for the intervention phase (B), and four times for the withdrawal phase (A2). Results: Touch perception did not occur after the intervention phase at the pulp of the index and little fingers. Manual dexterity and motor ability significantly improved (Box and block change scores exceeded the minimal detectable change of 5.5 blocks), as well performance in activities of daily living during real life (Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire change scores exceeded the clinically important change value of 20.9 points). These improvements maintained and even enhanced during the withdrawal phase. Conclusions: Modified constraint-induced movement therapy is a feasible and useful adjunct to rehabilitation of the patients with median and ulnar nerve injuries that warrants further research.