bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ideally parameterized unscented Kalman filter for the inverse problem of electrocardiography
Authors: Ritter Christian , Schulze Walther H. W. , Potyagaylo Danila , Dössel Olaf 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
ECG imaging as noninvasive method is aiming to reconstruct the distribution of the transmembrane voltage amplitudes (TMVs) from the body surface potential map (BSPM). Due to the ill-posedness, standard approaches like the Tikhonov regularization method cause blurring and artefacts in the solution. To suppress blurring and artefacts, this work investigated a model based approach, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The intention of this paper is to show the potential of an UKF approach by using an idealized parametrization.
Realtime assessment of foot orientation by Accelerometers and Gyroscopes
Authors: Seel Thomas , Graurock David , Schauer Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Foot orientation can be assessed in realtime by means of a foot-mounted inertial sensor. We consider a method that uses only accelerometer and gyroscope readings to calculate the foot pitch and roll angle, i.e. the foot orientation angle in the sagittal and frontal plane, respectively. Since magnetometers are avoided completely, the method can be used indoors as well as in the proximity of ferromagnetic material and magnetic disturbances. Furthermore, we allow for almost arbitrary mounting orientation in the sense that we only assume one of the local IMU coordinate axes to lie in the sagittal plane of the foot. The method is validated with respect to a conventional optical motion capture system in trials with transfemoral amputees walking with shoes and healthy subjects walking barefoot, both at different velocities. Root mean square deviations of less than 4° are found in all scenarios, while values near 2° are found in slow shoe walking. This demonstrates that the proposed method is suitable for realtime application such as the control of FES-based gait neuroprostheses and active orthoses.
Image based reconstruction for cystoscopy
Authors: Brischwein Matthias , Wittenberg Thomas , Bergen Tobias 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper summarizes our initial efforts to reconstruct the urinary bladder from endoscopic images acquired in the clinical routine. We found that up to now, only very few attempts have been reported which achieve a true 3D reconstruction of the human bladder. One promising approach which yields a geometric reconstruction up to scale from a monocular stream of images is highlighted and our initial results obtained from adapting the method for its use in clinical cystoscopy are presented.
Smartphone supported upper limb prosthesis
Authors: Hepp D. , Kirsch J. , Capanni F. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
State of the art upper limb prostheses offer up to six active DoFs (degrees of freedom) and are controlled using different grip patterns. This low number of DoFs combined with a machine-human-interface which does not provide control over all DoFs separately result in a lack of usability for the patient. The aim of this novel upper limb prosthesis is both offering simplified control possibilities for changing grip patterns depending on the patients’ priorities and the improvement of grasp capability. Design development followed the design process requirements given by the European Medical Device Directive 93/42 ECC and was structured into the topics mechanics, software and drive technology. First user needs were identified by literature research and by patient feedback. Consequently, concepts were evaluated against technical and usability requirements. A first evaluation prototype with one active DoF per finger was manufactured. In a second step a test setup with two active DoF per finger was designed. The prototype is connected to an Android based smartphone application. Two main grip patterns can be preselected in the software application and afterwards changed and used by the EMG signal. Three different control algorithms can be selected: “all-day”, “fine” and “tired muscle”. Further parameters can be adjusted to customize the prosthesis to the patients’ needs. First patient feedback certified the prosthesis an improved level of handling compared to the existing devices. Using the two DoF test setup, the possibilities of finger control with a neural network are evaluated at the moment. In a first user feedback test, the smartphone based software application increased the device usability, e.g. the change within preselected grip patterns and the “tired muscle” algorithm. Although the overall software application was positively rated, the handling of the prosthesis itself needs to be proven within a patient study to be performed next. The capability of the neural network to control the hand has also to be proven in a next step.
Evaluation of adhesion promoters for Parylene C on gold metallization
Authors: Radun V. , von Metzen R. P. , Stieglitz T. , Bucher V. , Stett A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDelamination of thin film polymeric coatings from metallization layers is a common cause of failure in biomedical implants. To address the problem, different adhesion promotion techniques can be applied which include surface pre-treatment with oxygen and argon plasma and the use of different adhesion promoters. In this paper the applicability of titanium (Ti), silicon oxide (SiOx), diamond-like carbon (DLC), tetramethylsilane (TMS) and aluminium oxide (AlOx) as adhesion promoters is evaluated. A cross cut, peel and scratch test are used to qualify and quantify the adhesion before and after storage in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 °C. Promising results could be achieved by a combination of Ti and DLC as well as by AlOx.
The influence of metallic ions from CoCr28Mo6 on the osteogenic differentiation and cytokine release of human osteoblasts
Authors: Jonitz-Heincke A , Schröder M , Hansmann D , Utzschneider S. , Kretzer J.P. , Bader R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Inflammatory reactions associated with osteolysis and implant loosening can be the result of generated CoCr particles and the simultaneous release of ions, which are the consequence of wear at the articulating surfaces of metallic implants. By now, there is little knowledge about the influence of CoCr ions on the viability of human osteoblasts (hOB).
Therefore, metallic ions were generated from solid CoCr28Mo6 alloys using electric potentials against hydrogen bridge electrodes. For the cell experiments, hOBs (n ≥ 4) in the third passage were used. Cells were cultured for 24 h before incubated with the generated ion solution in two different concentrations (100 µg/l and 500 µg/l in DMEM with 10 % FCS). Cells incubated without ions served as controls. After 48 h and 96 h cell viability was determined (WST-1 assay, live-dead-stainings). Additionally, gene expression levels of osteogenic markers and cytokines were analysed.
A significant increase of metabolic activity and vital cells could be shown for both ion concentrations. Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase and Col1 was highly induced after 96 h for 100 µg/l whereas Col1 protein was significantly reduced on both time points (48 h: p=0.008 (100 µg/l, 500 µg/l); 96 h: p=0,029 (500 µg/l)) compared to the control. Additionally, MMP1 expression was decreased after 48 h and 96 h. IL6 mRNA was concentration-dependent increased after 48 h whereas a significant decrease could be shown for the highest ion concentration (p=0.029). Compared to the lower ion concentration, IL8, MCP1 (p=0.029) and TNF mRNA were clearly reduced for the higher ion solution after 96 h. Our results suggest that ions from CoCr28Mo6 alloys have only marginal effects on osteoblast viability whereas Col1 expression is reduced and cytokine release is induced. In further studies, the effects of metallic ions and particles from CoCr28Mo6 on other cells will be examined.
Development of a bending test procedure for the characterization of flexible ECoG electrode arrays
Authors: Kohler Fabian , Michiels Rebecca , Schuettler Martin , Stieglitz Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An automatized mechanical test has been developed to characterize flexible ECoG and grid electrode arrays under cyclic bending load. Electrodes with different test structures were designed and the bending cycle dependant failure rate was found to follow a Weibull distribution. A corresponding failure mode analysis revealed a characteristic lifetime of more than 25000 bending cycles for some designs. However, design parameters as e.g. a smaller track width reduced this lifetime by a factor of two. In comparison to a similar BMI grid electrode array which was implanted for several months in an animal, failure patterns were comparable to those simulated with the bending test.
Investigation of the dynamic diameter deformation of vascular stents during fatigue testing with radial loading
Authors: Boeck Maria , Kamke F. , Grabow N. , Schmidt W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Endovascular stents are exposed to cyclic loads resulting from daily activity and pulsatile arterial blood pressure. DIN EN ISO 25539-2 and FDA guideline 1545 recommend durability testing, exposing stents to physiological cyclic loads for a 10 year equivalent. For accelerated testing, the simulated deformation has to be comparable to physiological in-vivo deformation. A new test setup is presented to determine diameter deformation of vascular stents during fatigue testing with radial loading.

Methods
The new setup allows the investigation of stents (n = 1–10) up to a length of 200 mm using a CCD line camera independent from special configurations. For demonstration, the radial deformation of two peripheral stents (stent 1: 8.0×40 mm, stent 2: 4.5×40 mm) and coronary stents (stent 3: 2.5×22 mm, stent 4: 4.0×40 mm) is determined as a function of the longitudinal measuring position. The stents are implanted in polyurethane tubes and exposed to physiologically relevant pressure at test frequencies 100 Hz.

Results
In addition to the verification of test frequencies for fatigue testing the setup can also be used for the investigation of radial deformation performance. The results show that radial deformation may vary along the stent length. Larger radial deformation was detected at the middle of the stent. For stent 1 a maximum deformation of 0.21 ± 0.07 mm (± 2.65 %) was measured at 50 ± 40 mmHg, 90 Hz. It was also measured that the radial deformation is dependent on stent design, geometric dimension and external loading.

Conclusion
The new setup allows for test frequency verification for accelerated fatigue testing with radial loading. It is also suitable for more detailed investigation of the radial deformation performance of stents along their longitudinal axis. This is necessary for a better understanding of potential mechanical failure especially in the case of long or overlapping stents.
Würde, Selbstachtung und persönliche Identität
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Human dignity is a contested and maybe essentially contested concept. One prominent interpretation links dignity with self-respect, claiming that a violation of dignity is a form of disrespect that erodes the grounds of self-respect. However, this linkage of dignity and self-respect does not immediately solve the difficulty of understanding dignity. Self-respect might turn out to be a similarly contested concept, but it might also be more open to analytical scrutiny than dignity is. Following this possibility, I discuss three different contemporary theories that link dignity with self-respect in different ways, which were developed by Peter Schaber, Arnd Pollmann and Ralf Stoecker respectively. I will then argue that those theories present illuminating interpretations of respect, but somewhat neglect a thorough discussion of the self that is to be respected. However, such a discussion of the self or - to express it in a rather less metaphysical way - identity is necessary, or so I will argue, for a full understating of the relation of dignity and self-respect.
Optimized synthesis of 3′-O-aminothymidine and evaluation of its oxime derivative as an anti-HIV agent
Authors: Solyev Pavel N. , Jasko Maxim V. , Martynova Tatiana A. , Kalnina Ludmila B. , Nosik Dmitry N. , Kukhanova Marina K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of 3′-O-aminothymidine oximes have been optimized. Synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR and UV spectral and analytical data. A mixture of previously not reported syn and anti isomers of acetaldoximes was assessed for anti-HIV activity and the prevention of syncytia formation caused by HIV-1 infection.
The role of a caring disposition in service leadership
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Li Xiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA caring disposition is an important and fundamental attribute of a service leader. At the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a lecture on a caring disposition in the subject “Service Leadership” was designed to help students understand the importance of caring dispositions. The curriculum design with reference to the basic concepts and theories as well as the content of the lecture are presented in this paper. In the first part of the paper, several uncaring cases are presented to serve as negative examples to inspire students’ reflection on caring leaders. Then, the three most important traits of a caring disposition, including awareness, love and nurturing people are introduced. Next, the relationships between a caring disposition and service leadership are analyzed and practical ways of improving a caring disposition are proposed. Finally, the impacts of a caring disposition on the leader-follower relationship are discussed. To provide a general overview of this lecture, the content including detailed lecture sessions and four designed activities relevant to a caring disposition are also presented in the paper.
Numerical Simulation of Liquid-Fueled Detonations by an Eulerian–Lagrangian Model
Authors: Shen Hua , Wang Gang , Liu Kaixin , Zhang Deliang 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, an Eulerian–Lagrangian two-phase flow model for liquid-fueled detonations is constructed. The gaseous mixture is described by an Eulerian method, and liquid particles in gaseous mixture are traced by a Lagrangian method. An improved space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) scheme is applied to the simulations of detonations in liquid C
10
H
22
-O
2
/air systems. Different fuel droplet sizes and equivalence ratios are considered in the present study. Interestingly, the numerical results show that liquid-fueled detonations have some difference with gaseous detonations. Especially, a deficit in the propagation velocity compared to the gaseous detonation velocity is observed in mixtures with lean fuel and larger droplet sizes, while an increase in the propagation velocity compared to the gaseous detonation velocity is observed in the mixtures with very rich fuel. The surprising phenomenon is analyzed and discussed with the aid of detailed numerical results. In addition, the formation and propagation of two-phase detonation waves are characterized by series of results and the influence of particle radii is also discussed. All numerical results show that the present model can describe the gas-particle two-phase system accurately, and can be applied to numerical simulations of liquid-fueled detonations.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of a Micro/Nanoscale Hybrid Composite
Authors: Wang Genwei , Zhao Han , Bai Jinbo , Zhao Ya-Pu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Microscale SiC particles with multiwalled carbon nanotubes grow on were filled in epoxy resin to construct multiscale hybrid composite. Static and dynamic compressive responses of composites were investigated. A dynamic experimental technique, split Hopkinson press bar (SHPB), was introduced to study the constitutive laws of materials at high strain rates. SEM observations show good dispersion of carbon nanotubes and SiC particles, but bad link between SiC particles and carbon nanotubes exists. Experimental results of static and dynamic tests verify that increase of strength happens with SiC/CNT as reinforcement Increment of strength under dynamic loading is bigger than under static loading.
Large Mass Protection with Close-celled Metallic Foams Under Low Velocity Impact: Spring-damper-foam Collision Model
Authors: Li Bin Chao , Zhao Gui Ping , Lu Tian Jian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The vibration isolation and energy absorption capability of high porosity metallic foams with closed cells for large mass protection under low velocity impact is theoretically studied. To explore the underlying physical mechanisms of shock attenuation, a double degree of freedom (DDF) spring-damper-foam collision model is developed. The effects of key system parameters (such as spring stiffness, damping ratio, mass ratio, initial velocity and foam thickness) on optimal foam mass and minimum acceleration peak are discussed.
On the Energy of Dynamic Fractures
Authors: Xia Kaiwen , Liu Cangli , Kanopoulos Patrick 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The validity of the constant propagation fracture energy postulation for dynamic fracture is discussed. As shown from existing direct and indirect experimental results, this assumption may not represent the physical reality. For spontaneous fractures, the fracture energy was shown to increase linearly with the crack length, and for dynamic fractures driven by known amplitude impulsive loading (generated by planar impact), the fracture energy was not a constant either. Despite of its phenomenogical origin, the Broberg’s theory developed for self-similar crack growth works well for both spontaneous fractures and dynamic fractures produced by well defined dynamic loading. In this theory, the fracture energy is not a constant. Furthermore, with given far-field loading or equivalent far-field loading, the crack speed is uniquely determined by a strength-like material parameter. This parameter is related to the cohesive strength as proposed by H. J. Gao for hyperelastic materials in the crack-tip process zone. It is proposed in this work that the strength-like parameter (or equivalently the constant fracture speed) is a better material parameter to describe the dynamic fracture propagation process for most dynamic fractures.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Amphibolites, Sericite-quartz Schist and Sandstone under Impact Loadings
Authors: Liu Jun-Zhong , Xu Jin-Yu , Lv Xiao-Cong , Zhao De-Hui , Leng Bing-Lin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In order to investigate rock dynamic mechanical properties of amphibolites, sericite-quartz schist and sandstone under the different strain rates varying from 30 s
-1
to 150 s
-1
, the specimens were subjected to axial impact at different projectile speeds by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of 100 mm in diameter. The optimal experimental size of rock samples is verified by analyzing the stress equilibrium of cylindrical rock samples in different thicknesses. It has studied the mechanic properties of these three rocks which under impact loadings; and analysed the dynamic compressive strength, failure modes, energy dissipation variation with the strain-rate and the strain-rate hardening effect from the perspective of material microstructure. Experimental results show that the dynamic Young’s modulus of rock samples increase with strain-rate slightly. The dynamic failure modes of different rock samples are always different. When at a lower strain-rate, the damage of sandstone takes a peeling off the external radial tensile failure mode, but that of amphibolites takes axial splitting mode; when at a higher strain-rate, sandstone takes granular crushing failure mode, and that of amphibolites and of sericite-quartz schist take massive crushing mode. Significant strain-rate effect can be represented by a linear relation between the specific energy absorption and the strain-rate

, or between the dynamic strength increase factor η and

.
On the Mutual Effect of the Turbulent Dispersion Model and Thermophoresis on Nanoparticle Deposition
Authors: Mehel Amine , Sagot Benoit , Tanière Anne , Oesterlé Benoit 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Nanoparticles applications, whether for pharmaceuticals, for environmental assessment or for evaluation of global climatic has led to the use of CFD tools to improve the understanding of their dynamical behaviour (transport, deposition and coagulation).
Due to small particle sizes and low Stokes numbers, nanoparticles are typically considered to deposit at the wall as a combined result of Brownian motion and turbulent dispersion. To simulate these mechanisms in this work, the two-phase flow is computed using a RANS model (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) for the mean fluid properties, and a Lagrangian tracking approach for the dispersed phase in which the fluctuating fluid velocity at particle location, that ensures the particle turbulent dispersion, is predicted through a user implemented Langevin-based dispersion model.
When a temperature gradient is present, the aerosol particles experience a thermophoretic force in addition to the drag and the Brownian forces. Depending on the temperature gradient and particle size, the thermophoretic force could become the predominant deposition mechanism. This size dependence makes it important to appropriately choose the turbulent dispersion model in wall-bounded turbulent flows. Actually, in most commercial codes, the turbulent dispersion of particles is predicted using the so-called Eddy Interaction Model (EIM), whose major drawback is that it cannot account for turbulence non-homogeneity, thus leading to some unphysical accumulation of low-inertia particles near the wall and therefore to an overestimation of the deposition velocity which is accentuated by thermophoresis. This study shows that turbulent and thermophoretic depositions are not completely independent, since thermophoresis enhances the deposition of particles which are sensitive to the turbulent dispersion model.
Boiling Shocks and Self-Oscillations in Critical Nozzle Flow
Authors: Ivashniov Oleg , Ivashneva Marina 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Experiments on the depressurization of high-pressure vessels have shown the vaporization to occur in ‘boiling shocks’ moving with the velocity of ∼10 m s−1. This phenomenon was explained by proposing a boiling liquid model accounting for bubble fragmentation. It was shown that an explosive boiling-up was caused by a sharp increase in the interphase area due to a chain process of bubble breakup. In the present study, we use this model, with no change in its free parameters, to simulate the flow in a Laval nozzle. In a critical nozzle flow, boiling occurs to proceed in a shock-type wave as well. It is shown that the formation of boiling shocks may cause autovibrations. The investigation of the shock structure shows that the fulfillment of two conditions is necessary for its realization: Weber number must reach its critical value and the flow velocity must be less than an equilibrium speed of sound. When the conditions cannot be simultaneously realized at a steady-state regime, the flow goes over into a self-oscillation mode.
A Study on Application of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics to Multi-Phase Flows
Authors: Szewc K. , Tanière A. , Pozorski J. , Minier J.-P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a fully Lagrangian, particle-based technique for fluid-flow computations. The main advantage over Eulerian techniques is no requirement of the grid, therefore this is a natural approach to simulate multi-phase flows. The main purpose of this study is an overview and the critical analysis of the SPH variants to see their influence on the flow computations with many components (the historical way of improving the SPH approach). The comparison is performed using common validation (two- and three-dimensional) tests: the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, a square-droplet deformation and a bubble rising in water. The special attention will be given to compare different surface-tension models.