bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal injuries in a resource-constrained environment: comparing diagnostic accuracy of on-the-spot ultrasonography and conventional radiography for bone fracture screening during the Paris–Dakar rally raid
Authors: Dallaudière Benjamin , Larbi Ahmed , Lefere Mathieu , Perozziello Anne , Hauger Olivier , Pommerie Florence , Fraboulet Bénédicte , Jacob Denis 
Published: May 2015

Background Ultrasound (US) is a good first-line alternative for the diagnosis of bone fractures in adults as well as children. Our study shows that, compared to X-ray, in a resource-constrained environment, on-site US has a high sensitivity (98%) and specificity (96%) in the diagnosis of bone fractures. Purpose To compare the accuracy of on-the-spot US with conventional radiography in the screening for bone fractures during the Paris–Dakar rally raid. Material and Methods Eighty-three patients (81 men, 2 women) with clinically suspected bone fractures were included in 2013 and 2014. They underwent X-ray and US on the spot, blindly interpreted by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Using X-ray as gold standard, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for US, for each anatomic location. The accuracy of US and radiography were also assessed, as were the number of fragments and their degree of displacement (Student’s t-test). Results Compared with X-ray, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of on-site US were, respectively, for the presence (or absence) of fractures: 98%, 98%, 100%, and 95%. The accuracy of US was 99%. Only one radial styloid process fracture was misdiagnosed with US. There was no significant difference between US and X-ray ( P > 0.93) concerning the number of fragments and their degree of displacement. Conclusion Bedside musculoskeletal ultrasound performed by trained musculoskeletal radiologists is a useful method in determining and assessing bone fractures in a resource constrained environment.
Variable content of von Willebrand factor mutant monomer drives the phenotypic variability in a family with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Chen Junmei , Hinckley Jesse D. , Haberichter Sandra , Jacobi Paula , Montgomery Robert , Flood Veronica H. , Wong Randall , Interlandi Gianluca , Chung Dominic W. , López José A. , Di Paola Jorge 
Published: May 2015

Key PointsVWD is characterized by variable expressivity, even within families with the same VWF mutation. The content of mutant monomers in the final multimeric structure may explain the observed variability.
Characteristics of the Energetic Igniters Through Integrating B/Ti Nano-Multilayers on TaN Film Bridge
Authors: Yan YiChao , Shi Wei , Jiang HongChuan , Cai XianYao , Deng XinWu , Xiong Jie , Zhang WanLi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The energetic igniters through integrating B/Ti nano-multilayers on tantalum nitride (TaN) ignition bridge are designed and fabricated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) results show that nitrogen content has a great influence on the crystalline structure and TCR. TaN films under nitrogen ratio of 0.99 % exhibit a near-zero TCR value of approximately 10 ppm/°C. The scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that the layered structure of the B/Ti multilayer films is clearly visible with sharp and smooth interfaces. The electrical explosion characteristics employing a capacitor discharge firing set at the optimized charging voltage of 45 V reveal an excellent explosion performance by (B/Ti)
n
/TaN integration film bridge with small ignition delay time, high explosion temperature, much more bright flash of light, and much large quantities of the ejected product particles than TaN film bridge.
Comprehensive treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Boot Brendon P 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies is an under-recognized disease; it is responsible for up to 20 % of all dementia cases. Accurate diagnosis is essential because the management of dementia with Lewy bodies is more complex than many neurodegenerative diseases. This is because alpha-synuclein, the pathological protein responsible for dementia with Lewy bodies (and Parkinson’s disease), produces symptoms in multiple domains. By dividing the symptoms into cognitive, neuropsychiatric, movement, autonomic, and sleep categories, a comprehensive treatment strategy can be achieved. Management decisions are complex, since the treatment of one set of symptoms can cause complications in other symptom domains. Nevertheless, a comprehensive treatment program can greatly improve the patient’s quality of life, but does not alter the progression of disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors are effective for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms; rivastigmine has the widest evidence base. Special care needs to be taken to avoid potentially fatal idiopathic reactions to neuroleptic medications; these should be used for short periods only when absolutely necessary and when alternative treatments have failed. Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin 5-HT2A inverse agonist, holds promise as an alternative therapy for synuclein-associated psychosis. Levodopa/carbidopa treatment of parkinsonism is often limited by dopa-induced exacerbations of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. Autonomic symptoms are under-recognized complications of synucleinopathy. Constipation, urinary symptoms and postural hypotension respond to standard medications. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is highly specific (98 %) to the synucleinopathies. Nonpharmacological treatments, melatonin and clonazepam are all effective.
Timing for intracoronary administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a pilot study
Authors: Huang Rongchong , Yao Kang , Sun Aijun , Qian Juying , Ge Lei , Zhang Yiqi , Niu Yuhong , Wang Keqiang , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Most studies on intracoronary bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation for acute myocardial infarction involve treatment 3–7 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, the optimal timing is unknown. The present study assessed the therapeutic effect at different times after ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods
The present trial was not blinded. A total of 104 patients with a first ST-elevation myocardial infarction and a left ventricular ejection fraction below 50 %, who had PCI of the infarct-related artery, were randomly assigned to receive intracoronary infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells within 24 hours (group A, n = 27), 3 to 7 days after PCI (group B, n = 26), or 7 to 30 days after PCI (group C, n = 26), or to the control group (n = 25), which received saline infusion performed immediately after emergency PCI. All patients in groups A, B and C received an injection of 15 ml cell suspension containing approximately 4.9 × 108 bone marrow mononuclear cells into the infarct-related artery after successful PCI.

Results
Compared to control and group C patients, group A and B patients had a significantly higher absolute increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to 12 months (change: 3.4 ± 5.7 % in control, 7.9 ± 4.9 % in group A, 6.9 ± 3.9 % in group B, 4.7 ± 3.7 % in group C), a greater decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volumes (change: −6.4 ± 15.9 ml in control, −20.5 ± 13.3 ml in group A, −19.6 ± 11.1 ml in group B, −9.4 ± 16.3 ml in group C), and significantly greater myocardial perfusion (change from baseline: −4.7 ± 5.7 % in control, −7.8 ± 4.5 % in group A, −7.5 ± 2.9 % in group B, −5.0 ± 4.0 % in group C). Group A and B patients had similar beneficial effects on cardiac function (p = 0.163) and left ventricular geometry (left ventricular end-distolic volume: p = 0.685; left ventricular end-systolic volume: p = 0.622) assessed by echocardiography, whereas group C showed similar results to those of the control group. Group B showed more expensive care (p < 0.001) and longer hospital stays during the first month after emergency PCI (p < 0.001) than group A, with a similar improvement after repeat cardiac catheterization following emergency PCI.

Conclusion
Cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction patients that is given within 24 hours is similar to 3–7 days after the primary PCI.

Trial registration
NCT02425358, registered 30 April 2015
Patient and Stone Characteristics Associated with Surgical Intervention in Pediatrics
Authors: Jun Esther , Metcalfe Peter , Mandhane Piush J. , Alexander R. Todd 
Published: May 2015

Background: The incidence of kidney stones in children is increasing. While guidelines exist for acute surgical intervention, there is limited data to inform the decision as to when to intervene non-urgently. Objectives: To identify patient and stone characteristics predicting stone surgery in children. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada from 1990 to 2013. Patients: Sixty-three children aged 0–18 years old who presented with a total of 142 stones. Measurements: Patient's surgical history, demographics, metabolic measures, and stone number, type, and location. Methods: Univariate and multivariate analysis, controlling for presentation number and individual-level variation by repeated measures analysis were conducted to assess for patient and stone characteristics associated with surgical intervention. Results: Sixty-five percent (41/63) required surgery during a mean follow-up of 19 months. Stone characteristics associated with surgical intervention by multivariate analysis included larger stone size (>6 mm), and stone composition of calcium oxalate. Limitations: Single center study with a limited sample size and duration of follow up, thereby limiting predictive power. There were some missing data ( i,e. stone type was not always available). Despite this, stone type remained significant in multivariate modeling. Conclusion: Stone size > 6mm and composition with calcium oxalate but not patient age or symptoms associated with presentation predicted surgical intervention. These observations can be used to inform decisions as to whether urolithiasis should be surgically managed electively or observed.
Controlled Cannabis Vaporizer Administration: Blood and Plasma Cannabinoids with and without Alcohol
Authors: Hartman Rebecca L , Brown Timothy L , Milavetz Gary , Spurgin Andrew , Gorelick David A , Gaffney Gary , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Increased medical and legal cannabis intake is accompanied by greater use of cannabis vaporization and more cases of driving under the influence of cannabis. Although simultaneous Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and alcohol use is frequent, potential pharmacokinetic interactions are poorly understood. Here we studied blood and plasma vaporized cannabinoid disposition, with and without simultaneous oral low-dose alcohol.

METHODS
Thirty-two adult cannabis smokers (≥1 time/3 months, ≤3 days/week) drank placebo or low-dose alcohol (target approximately 0.065% peak breath-alcohol concentration) 10 min before inhaling 500 mg placebo, low-dose (2.9%) THC, or high-dose (6.7%) THC vaporized cannabis (6 within-individual alcohol-cannabis combinations). Blood and plasma were obtained before and up to 8.3 h after ingestion.

RESULTS
Nineteen participants completed all sessions. Median (range) maximum blood concentrations (Cmax) for low and high THC doses (no alcohol) were 32.7 (11.4–66.2) and 42.2 (15.2–137) μg/L THC, respectively, and 2.8 (0–9.1) and 5.0 (0–14.2) μg/L 11-OH-THC. With alcohol, low and high dose Cmax values were 35.3 (13.0–71.4) and 67.5 (18.1–210) μg/L THC and 3.7 (1.4–6.0) and 6.0 (0–23.3) μg/L 11-OH-THC, significantly higher than without alcohol. With a THC detection cutoff of ≥1 μg/L, ≥16.7% of participants remained positive 8.3 h postdose, whereas ≤21.1% were positive by 2.3 h with a cutoff of ≥5 μg/L.

CONCLUSIONS
Vaporization is an effective THC delivery route. The significantly higher blood THC and 11-OH-THC Cmax values with alcohol possibly explain increased performance impairment observed from cannabis-alcohol combinations. Chosen driving-related THC cutoffs should be considered carefully to best reflect performance impairment windows. Our results will help facilitate forensic interpretation and inform the debate on drugged driving legislation.
‘Project XXX’: Using multimedia theatre to explore sexual and emotional health issues
Authors: Wiltshire Kim 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
What if when Romeo met Juliet he was already addicted to Internet porn, and wanted to film their first sexual experience and upload it for all the world to see? ‘Project XXX’ was a four year creative project run by Kim Wiltshire and Paul Hine, the aim of which was to create a piece of multimedia theatre that would explore the effect the availability and mainstreaming of Internet porn might be having on the lives of young people. Through a series of participatory workshops material was collated to create the multimedia play which toured the north of England in 2014, supplemented by further workshops and discussions around the subject, using theatre as a public forum for discussion of a sensitive subject that was very much in the public consciousness at the time. This article explores the process for the artists in researching and creating a piece of work on this subject, as well as considering the outcomes and findings from both the initial stages of the research into the issue and the creative issues faced in bringing this piece of work to the professional stage.
“New speakers” of Gaelic: perceptions of linguistic authenticity and appropriateness
Authors: McLeod Wilson , O’Rourke Bernadette 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article considers the experiences and views of “new speakers” of Gaelic, focusing on how they characterise their language production and its relationship to the language of traditional speakers. In contrast to some other European minority languages, a significant population of new Gaelic speakers in Scotland has emerged only recently, particularly with the development of Gaelic-medium education since 1985, provision that increasingly serves children who do not acquire Gaelic in the home. Given the ongoing decline of Gaelic in traditional “heartland” areas, it is apparent that new speakers of Gaelic emerging from urban Scotland will become increasingly important in coming years. This study of 35 new speakers in the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow builds on emerging research on new speakers of minority languages across other European contexts (see O’Rourke et al. 2015) where traditional communities of speakers are being eroded as a consequence of increased urbanisation and economic modernisation. This article considers issues involving legitimacy, authority and authenticity amongst new speakers of Gaelic and the extent to which new speakers are producing their own set of contexts of language use and their own standards of performance or conversely, if they continue to reproduce ideals of localism, tradition and linguistic purity. Participants expressed contrasting views on these topics, some of them endeavouring to accommodate what they perceived as native speakers’ perceptions and preferences, others expressing a rather more oppositional viewpoint, rejecting practices or assumptions that they view as impeding the modernisation and normalisation of the language.
“Because here we live in the Netherlands”: Languagecultural politics of belonging in a supermarket
Authors: Thissen Lotte 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article unravels how people construct belonging to places through languagecultural practices (Cornips et al. 2012). The tactics of intersubjectivity (Bucholtz and Hall 2004) serve as analytical tools to explain how people justify their belonging through languagecultural ideologies while challenging other people’s belonging. Furthermore, the article scrutinises how nativeness and new speakerness (O’Rourke and Pujolar 2013) manifest themselves within daily practices. Rather than focusing on “old” and “new” speakers, this article perceives nativeness and new speakerness as constructs that can be given meaning by anyone. In this article, I analyse an interaction in a small supermarket that is illustrative of the construction of belonging to places and which in turn exemplifies the dynamicity of new speakerness.
Determination of micelle aggregation numbers
of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium
dodecyl sulfate surfactants using time-resolved
fluorescence quenching
Authors: Pisárčik Martin , Devínsky Ferdinand , Pupák Matúš 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The time-resolved fluorescence quenching
method was applied to determine the micelle
aggregation number of cationic single-chain
surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide
(DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and
anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The
concentration dependence of micelle aggregation number
was found to be linear for all investigated surfactants
in the concentration range 2‒15 × the value of critical
micelle concentration of the respective surfactant. The
values of micelle aggregation number were found in the
range 30‒77. Different trends in the linear concentration
dependence of micelle aggregation number were observed
for cationic surfactants and for the anionic surfactant SDS.
A small slope value was found for cationic surfactants,
while the SDS micelle aggregation number concentration
dependence showed significantly a larger slope value.
The aggregation number increase with the increasing SDS
concentration results in the micellar growth. Results from
a simple analysis based on computer models of cationic
and anionic surfactant molecules with dodecyl chains
supports, the formation of intramicellar hydrogen bonding
between surfactant molecules in SDS micelle shell.
“Biosteel”: an exciting product from nature that is superior to many manmade alternatives
Authors: Majumder Soumyadip , Kaulaskar Mahadev D. , Neogi Sudarsan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBiotechnology continues to offer routes for many exciting and unique products. Researchers genetically altered goats with a spider gene. These goats produce milk that contains a protein that can be extracted to produce biosteel fibers for use in bulletproof vests. It is referred to as “biosteel” to highlight its strength comparable to steel. This review paper describes the important aspects of produced dragline spider silk proteins via cell culture techniques using silk genes derived from two species of weaving spiders. These fibers were tested for a number of mechanical properties and compared to natural spider silk. In effect, fibers of biosteel were able to absorb similar amounts of energy as natural spider silk by stretching further. As opposed to most other synthetic fibers, biosteel is ecofriendly both in terms of its composition and production process.
Group Theoretical Analysis and Invariant Solutions for Unsteady Flow of a Fourth-Grade Fluid over an Infinite Plate Undergoing Impulsive Motion in a Darcy Porous Medium
Authors: Aziz Taha , Fatima Aeeman , Aziz Asim , Mahomed Fazal M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this study, an incompressible time-dependent flow of a fourth-grade fluid in a porous half space is investigated. The flow is generated due to the motion of the flat rigid plate in its own plane with an impulsive velocity. The partial differential equation governing the motion is reduced to ordinary differential equations by means of the Lie group theoretic analysis. A complete group analysis is performed for the governing nonlinear partial differential equation to deduce all possible Lie point symmetries. One-dimensional optimal systems of subalgebras are also obtained, which give all possibilities for classifying meaningful solutions in using the Lie group analysis. The conditional symmetry approach is also utilised to solve the governing model. Various new classes of group-invariant solutions are developed for the model problem. Travelling wave solutions, steady-state solution, and conditional symmetry solutions are obtained as closed-form exponential functions. The influence of pertinent parameters on the fluid motion is graphically underlined and discussed.
Structural, Electronic, Elastic and Thermal Properties of Li2AgSb: First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Li Ji-Hong , Zhu Xu-Hui , Cheng Yan , Ji Guang-Fu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBased on the first-principles density functional theory calculations combined with the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the pressure dependencies of the structural, elastic, electronic and thermal properties of Li2AgSb were systematically investigated. The calculated lattice parameters and unit cell volume of Li2AgSb at the ground state were in good agreement with the available experimental data. The obtained elastic constants, the bulk modulus and the shear modulus revealed that Li2AgSb is mechanically stable and behaves in a ductile manner under the applied pressure. The elasticity-relevant properties, the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio showed that pressure can enhance the stiffness of Li2AgSb and that Li2AgSb is mechanically stable up to 20 GPa. The characteristics of the band structure and the partial density of states of Li2AgSb were analysed, showing that Li2AgSb is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 217 meV at 0 GPa and that the increasing pressure can make the band structure of Li2AgSb become an indirect one. Studies have shown that, unlike temperature, pressure has little effect on the heat capacity and the thermal expansion coefficient of Li2AgSb.
Anti-inflammatory effect and isolation of phenylethanoid and acylated flavone glycosides from Panzeria alaschanica
Authors: Wang Qing-Hu , Wu Jie-Si , Wu Rong-Jun , Han Na-Ren-Chao-Ke-Tu , Dai Na-Yin-Tai 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The phytochemical study of the EtOAc extract from Panzeria alaschanica resulted in the isolation of two new acylated flavone glycosides, 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-(6″-O-[E]-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside (1) and 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-(2″,6″-O-[E]-dicoumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside (2), as well as of a known phenylethanoid (verbascoside, 3). The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including ultraviolet spectrophotometry, infrared absorption spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and by comparison with those reported in the literature. All compounds were investigated for their effect against inflammation induced by egg albumin and carrageenan in rats.
Dialectology, typology, diachrony, and contact linguistics: a multi-layered perspective in Purepecha
Authors: Chamoreau Claudine 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the relations between four domains dealing with linguistic variation: dialectology, typology, diachrony, and contact linguistics. I will contribute to dialectal research that includes syntactic questions by exploring the typological and geographical variations in the position of the indefinite article in the noun phrase in Purepecha. I show that a syntactic focus in dialectal research reveals the dynamic of Purepecha, displaying diachronic change and synchronic variation and revealing social and historical particularities. This dialectal perspective is dynamic and multi-dimensional, with a multi-layered organization.
Linguistic geography of Breton and sociocultural motivations
Authors: Costaouec Denis 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper I discuss various issues directly related to the study of Breton dialects, and to the practice of linguistic geography. Some of the questions that will be considered are: Where does the border pass between two contiguous dialectal areas? How can the geographical distribution of the varieties of a language be explained? What factors (social, economic, cultural, religious, political, etc) can be correlated with this geographic distribution?