bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind turbine blade vibration at standstill conditions—the effect of imposing lag on the aerodynamic response of an elastically mounted airfoil
Authors: Skrzypiński Witold , Gaunaa Mac 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe present study investigated physical phenomena related to stall‐induced vibrations potentially existing on wind turbine blades at standstill conditions. The study considered two‐dimensional airfoil sections while it omitted three‐dimensional effects. In the study, a new engineering‐type computational model for the aeroelastic response of an elastically mounted airfoil was used to investigate the influence of temporal lag in the aerodynamic response on the aeroelastic stability in deep stall. The study indicated that even a relatively low lag significantly increases the damping of the model. A comparison between the results from a model with lag imposed on all force components with the results from a model with lag imposed exclusively on the lift showed only marginal difference between the damping in the two cases. A parameter study involving positions of the elastic hinge point and the center of gravity indicated that the stability is relatively independent of these parameters. Another parameter study involving spring constants showed that the stability of each mode is dependent only on the spring constant acting in the direction of the leading motion of the mode. An investigation of the influence of the added mass terms showed that only the pitch‐rate and flapwise‐acceleration terms have any influence on the stability. An investigation of three different profiles showed that the stability is heavily dependent on the aerodynamic characteristics of the profiles—mainly on the lift. It was also shown that only the edgewise mode is unstable in deep stall. Moreover, independent of the amount of temporal lag in the aerodynamic response of the model, the inflow‐angle region in the vicinity of 180° remains unstable in the edgewise mode. Therefore, this inflow‐angle region may create stability problems in real life. The other type of vibrations potentially present at standstill conditions is vortex‐induced, being outside the scope of the present study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plantar Pressures and Ground Reaction Forces During Walking of Individuals With Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation
Authors: de Castro Marcelo Peduzzi , Soares Denise , Mendes Emília , Machado Leandro 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo describe and compare the plantar pressures, temporal foot roll‐over, and ground reaction forces (GRFs) between both limbs of subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputation and with those of able‐bodied participants during walking. We also verify the relevance of a force plate and a pressure plate to discriminate changes in gait parameters of subjects with limb loss.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingBiomechanics laboratory.SubjectsA total of 14 subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputation and 21 able‐bodied participants.MethodsWe used a force plate and a pressure plate to assess biomechanical gait parameters while the participants were walking at their self‐selected gait speed.Main Outcome MeasurementsWe measured plantar pressure peaks in 6 foot regions and the instant of their occurrence (temporal foot roll‐over); and GRF peaks and impulses of anterior‐posterior (braking and propulsive phases), medial‐lateral, and vertical (load acceptance and thrust phases) components.ResultsThe thrust, braking, and propulsive peaks, and the braking and propulsive impulses, were statistically significantly lower in the amputated limb than in the sound limb (P < .05) and in able‐bodied participants (P < .05). In the amputated limb, we observed higher pressure peaks in the lateral rearfoot and medial and lateral midfoot, and lower values in the forefoot regions compared to those in the other groups (P < .05). The temporal foot roll‐over showed statistically significant differences among the groups (P < .05).ConclusionsThe plantar pressures, temporal foot roll‐over, and GRFs in subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputation showed an asymmetric gait pattern, and different values were observed in both of their lower limbs as compared with those of able‐bodied subjects during walking. The force plate and pressure plate were able to determine differences between participants in gait pattern, suggesting that both plantar pressure and GRF analyses are useful tools for gait assessment in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation. Because of the convenience of pressure plates, their use in the clinical context for prosthetic management appears relevant to guide the rehabilitation of subjects with lower limb amputation.
Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern and mortality in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) Project: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gea Alfredo , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Toledo Estefania , Garcia-Lopez Martin , Beunza Juan J. , Estruch Ramon , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A. 
Published: January 2014

Moderate alcohol intake has been related to lower mortality. However, alcohol use includes other dimensions beyond the amount of alcohol consumed. These aspects have not been sufficiently studied as a comprehensive entity. We aimed to test the relationship between an overall alcohol-drinking pattern and all-cause mortality. In a Mediterranean cohort study, we followed 18 394 Spanish participants up to 12 years. A validated 136-item FFQ was used to assess baseline alcohol intake. We developed a score assessing simultaneously seven aspects of alcohol consumption to capture the conformity to a traditional Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern (MADP). It positively scored moderate alcohol intake, alcohol intake spread out over the week, low spirit consumption, wine preference, red wine consumption, wine consumed during meals and avoidance of binge drinking. During the follow-up, 206 deaths were identified. For each 2-point increment in a 0–9 score of adherence to the MADP, we observed a 25 % relative risk reduction in mortality (95 % CI 11, 38 %). Within each category of alcohol intake, a higher adherence to the MADP was associated with lower mortality. Abstainers (excluded from the calculations of the MADP) exhibited higher mortality (hazard ratio 1·82, 95 % CI 1·14, 2·90) than participants highly adherent to the MADP. In conclusion, better adherence to an overall healthy alcohol-drinking pattern was associated with reduced mortality when compared with abstention or departure from this pattern. This reduction goes beyond the inverse association usually observed for moderate alcohol drinking. Even moderate drinkers can benefit from the advice to follow a traditional MADP.
CHILD MARRIAGE IN BANGLADESH: TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS
Authors: KAMAL S. M. MOSTAFA , HASSAN CHE HASHIM , ALAM GAZI MAHABUBUL , YING YANG 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis study examines the trends and determinants of child marriage among women aged 20–49 in Bangladesh. Data were extracted from the last six nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys conducted during 1993–2011. Simple cross-tabulation and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were adopted. According to the survey conducted in 2011, more than 75% of marriages can be categorized as child marriages. This is a decline of 10 percentage points in the prevalence of child marriage compared with the survey conducted in 1993–1994. Despite some improvements in education and other socioeconomic indicators, Bangladeshi society still faces the relentless practice of early marriage. The mean age at first marriage has increased by only 1.4 years over the last one and half decades, from 14.3 years in 1993–1994 to 15.7 years in 2011. Although the situation on risk of child marriage has improved over time, the pace is sluggish. Both the year-of-birth and year-of-marriage cohorts of women suggest that the likelihood of marrying as a child has decreased significantly in recent years. The risk of child marriage was significantly higher when husbands had no formal education or little education, and when the wives were unemployed or unskilled workers. Muslim women living in rural areas have a greater risk of child marriage. Women's education level was the single most significant negative determinant of child marriage. Thus, the variables identified as important determinants of child marriage are: education of women and their husbands, and women's occupation, place of residence and religion. Programmes to help and motivate girls to stay in school will not only reduce early marriage but will also support overall societal development. The rigid enforcement of the legal minimum age at first marriage could be critical in decreasing child marriage.
Simultaneous, unilateral plugging of superior and posterior semicircular canal dehiscences to treat debilitating hyperacusis
Authors: Dang P T , Kennedy T A , Gubbels S P 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective:To describe a case of bilateral superior and posterior semicircular canal dehiscences, and the use of a unilateral transmastoid approach to address both right-sided defects simultaneously.Case report:In a patient with right-sided hyperacusis, bilateral dehiscence of both the superior and the posterior semicircular canals was identified, located adjacent to the common crus, together with a right-sided, anterosuperiorly positioned sigmoid sinus and a high-riding jugular bulb. Results for audiography and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing were consistent with right-sided semicircular canal dehiscence. At surgery, a right-sided transmastoid approach provided access to plug both defects simultaneously, following posterior mobilisation of the sigmoid sinus. The patient's hyperacusis was completely resolved, with a 10–30 dB improvement in his right ear air conduction hearing, without decrement in bone conduction.Conclusion:In properly selected patients, a transmastoid approach can be used to effectively manage superior semicircular canal dehiscence and posterior semicircular canal dehiscence simultaneously. Pre-operative computed tomography is recommended to evaluate the dehiscence sites and to identify complicating vascular anatomy.
Cough after laryngeal herpes zoster: a new aspect of post-herpetic sensory disturbance
Authors: Ling B , Novakovic D , Sulica L 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective:Although neurogenic cough is increasingly recognised, its pathophysiology remains obscure. We describe two cases of chronic cough following laryngeal herpes zoster, a rarely described manifestation of varicella-zoster virus reactivation, and suggest that this may be analogous to post-herpetic neuralgia. The same mechanisms may cause both phenomena.Case reports:We describe two cases of chronic cough persisting for more than three months following an acute attack of laryngeal herpes zoster.Conclusion:Neuronal damage by varicella-zoster virus results in irritable nociceptors and deafferentation, mechanisms known to cause post-herpetic neuralgia. When the vagus nerve is affected, as in laryngeal herpes zoster, the result may be a chronic cough. Similar damage may underlie chronic neurogenic cough in other contexts.
Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve identification during robotic thyroidectomy
Authors: Wang C-C , Wu C-H 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective:A non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is a rare anomaly in which the nerve enters the larynx directly off the cervical vagus nerve, without descending to the thoracic level. It is very susceptible to damage during surgery. This report describes the important pre-operative radiological evaluations and surgical landmarks in a case of a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve, identified during the recently developed technique of robotic thyroidectomy.Case report:A 38-year-old woman presented with suspected papillary microcarcinoma, as indicated by aspiration cytology. Pre-operative computed tomography showed a right aberrant subclavian artery that indicated a possible right non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. Using robotic thyroidectomy methods, it was possible to carefully dissect along the thyroid capsule. The laryngeal entrance point of the right non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (a constant anatomical landmark) was successfully identified via the three-dimensional, high-magnification views provided by the robotic endoscope.Conclusion:With proper knowledge of radiological and surgical anatomy, and the benefits of high-magnification endoscopic views, a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve can be safely preserved during robotic surgery.
Human–carnivore conflict over livestock in the eastern part of the Serengeti ecosystem, with a particular focus on the African wild dogLycaon pictus
Authors: Lyamuya R. D. , Masenga E. H. , Fyumagwa R. D. , Røskaft E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring 2007–2009 we conducted a survey of attacks by wild carnivores on the livestock of the Maasai and Sonjo tribes in the eastern Serengeti ecosystem of northern Tanzania. Local enumerators systematically recorded incidents of carnivore predation on livestock and their data were quantified by us, with the aid of District Game Officers or trusted local people. The annual rate of attack by African wild dogsLycaon pictuswas significantly higher (1.42 animals per 1,000 livestock) in the Sonjo tribal area than in the Maasai tribal area (0.72 animals per 1,000 livestock). In the Maasai tribal area there was a significant amount of predation by leopardsPanthera pardusand spotted hyaenasCrocuta crocuta. In both tribal areas sheepOvis ariesand goatsCapra aegagrus hircuswere subject to predation more frequently than cattle. Attacks on livestock by wild dogs occurred most frequently in the afternoon and evening, whereas other carnivores generally attacked livestock at night. Sheep and goats were most frequently attacked by most carnivores during the long rainy season. CattleBos primigeniuswere most frequently attacked by wild dogs and leopards during the long dry season and by lionsPanthera leoduring the long rainy season, whereas spotted hyaenas killed cattle most frequently during the short rainy season.
Large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever at a military base
Authors: AMBROSE J. , HAMPTON L. M. , FLEMING-DUTRA K. E. , MARTEN C. , McCLUSKY C. , PERRY C. , CLEMMONS N. A. , McCORMIC Z. , PEIK S. , MANCUSO J. , BROWN E. , KOZAK N. , TRAVIS T. , LUCAS C. , FIELDS B. , HICKS L. , CERSOVSKY S. B. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYWe investigated a mixed outbreak of Legionnaires' disease (LD) and Pontiac fever (PF) at a military base to identify the outbreak's environmental source as well as known legionellosis risk factors. Base workers with possible legionellosis were interviewed and, if consenting, underwent testing for legionellosis. A retrospective cohort study collected information on occupants of the buildings closest to the outbreak source. We identified 29 confirmed and probable LD and 38 PF cases. All cases were exposed to airborne pathogens from a cooling tower. Occupants of the building closest to the cooling tower were 6·9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·2–22·0] and 5·5 (95% CI 2·1–14·5) times more likely to develop LD and PF, respectively, than occupants of the next closest building. Thorough preventive measures and aggressive responses to outbreaks, including searching for PF cases in mixed legionellosis outbreaks, are essential for legionellosis control.
A Proposed Universal Medical and Public Health Definition of
Terrorism
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey L. , Örtenwall Per , Birnbaum Marvin L. , Sundnes Knut Ole , Aggrawal Anil , Arantharaman V. , Al Musleh Abdul Wahab , Asai Yasufumi , Burkle Frederick M. , Chung Jae Myung , Vega Felipe Cruz , Debacker Michel , Corte Francesco Della , Delooz Herman , Dickinson Garth , Hodgetts Timothy , James Holliman C. , MacFarlane Campbell , Rodoplu Ulkumen , Stok Edita , Tsai Ming-Che 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The lack of a universally applicable definition of terrorism has
confounded the understanding of terrorism since the term was first coined in
18th Century France. Although a myriad of definitions of terrorism have been
advanced over the years, virtually all of these definitions have been
crisis-centered, frequently reflecting the political perspectives of those
who seek to define it.
In this article, we deconstruct these previously used definitions of
terrorism in order to reconstruct a definition of terrorism that is
consequence-centered, medically relevant, and universally harmonized. A
universal medical and public health definition of terrorism will facilitate
clinical and scientific research, education, and communication about
terrorism-related events or disasters.
We propose the following universal medical and public definition of
terrorism: The intentional use of violence — real or threatened — against
one or more non-combatants and/or those services essential for or protective
of their health, resulting in adverse health effects in those immediately
affected and their community, ranging from a loss of well-being or security
to injury, illness, or death.
The dusty debate: core-collapse supernovae and dust
Authors: Kotak Rubina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDust plays an important role in our understanding of the near and distant Universe. The enormous amounts (≳108M⊙) of dust observed at high redshifts have forced us to revisit the commonly-invoked sites of dust production. Although core-collapse supernovae are the prime candidates for cosmic dust production, their actual contribution to the dust budget has been the subject of much debate in recent years. Here, I will discuss results from several vigorous observational campaigns aimed at quantifying the amount of dust produced by core-collapse supernovae. Although sample sizes are still modest, I will attempt to put the role of supernovae as dust producers into perspective.
Evolution of the Type IIb SN 2011fu
Authors: Pandey S. B. , Kumar Brajesh , Sahu D. K. , Vinko J. , Moskvitin A. S. , Anupama G. C. , Bhatt V. K. , Ordasi A. , Nagy A. , Sokolov V. V. , Sokolova T. N. , Komarova V. N. , Kumar Brijesh , Bose Subhash , Roy Rupak , Sagar Ram 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe UBVRI photometric follow-up of SN 2011fu has been initiated a few days after the explosion, shows a rise followed by steep decay in all bands and shares properties very similar to that seen in case of SN 1993J, with a possible detection of the adiabatic cooling phase at very early epochs. The spectral modeling performed with SYNOW suggests that the early-phase line velocities for H and Fe ii features were ~ 16000 km s−1 and ~ 14000 km s−1, respectively. Studies of rare class of type IIb SNe are important to understand the evolution of the possible progenitors of core-collapse SNe in more details.
Type Ib Supernova 2007uy – a multiwavelegth perspective
Authors: Roy Rupak , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present the results from a comprehensive analysis of a Type Ib supernova (SN) 2007uy in a nearby galaxy NGC 2770 (~30 Mpc), using data from space-based Swift/UVOT, along with ground-based observations at visible, infrared and radio wave bands.
GLI2 induces genomic instability in human keratinocytes by inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Pantazi E , Gemenetzidis E , Trigiante G , Warnes G , Shan L , Mao X , Ikram M , Teh M-T , Lu Y-J , Philpott M P 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAbnormal Sonic Hedgehog signalling leads to increased transcriptional activation of its downstream effector, glioma 2 (GLI2), which is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic role of GLI2 remain elusive. We demonstrate that overexpression of GLI2-β isoform, which lacks the N-terminal repressor domain (GLI2ΔN) in human keratinocytes is sufficient to induce numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations, including tetraploidy/aneuploidy and chromosomal translocations. This is coupled with suppression of cell cycle regulators p21WAF1/CIP1 and 14-3-3σ, and strong induction of anti-apoptotic signalling, resulting in a reduction in the ability to eliminate genomically abnormal cells. Overexpression of GLI2ΔN also rendered human keratinocytes resistant to UVB-mediated apoptosis, whereas inhibition of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) restored endogenous (genomic instability (GIN)) and exogenous (UVB) DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Thus, we propose that ectopic expression of GLI2 profoundly affects the genomic integrity of human epithelial cells and contributes to the survival of progenies with genomic alterations by deregulating cell cycle proteins and disabling the apoptotic mechanisms responsible for their elimination. This study reveals a novel role for GLI2 in promoting GIN, a hallmark of human tumors, and identifies potential mechanisms that may provide new opportunities for the design of novel forms of cancer therapeutic strategies.
Zinc depletion regulates the processing and secretion of IL-1β
Authors: Summersgill H , England H , Lopez-Castejon G , Lawrence C B , Luheshi N M , Pahle J , Mendes P , Brough D 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSterile inflammation contributes to many common and serious human diseases. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) drives sterile inflammatory responses and is thus a very attractive therapeutic target. Activation of IL-1β in sterile diseases commonly requires an intracellular multi-protein complex called the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome. A number of disease-associated danger molecules are known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. We show here that depletion of zinc from macrophages, a paradigm for zinc deficiency, also activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and induces IL-1β secretion. Our data suggest that zinc depletion damages the integrity of lysosomes and that this event is important for NLRP3 activation. These data provide new mechanistic insight to how zinc deficiency contributes to inflammation and further unravel the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Control of glioma cell death and differentiation by PKM2–Oct4 interaction
Authors: Morfouace M , Lalier L , Oliver L , Cheray M , Pecqueur C , Cartron P-F , Vallette F M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGlioma stem cells are highly resistant to cell death and as such are supposed to contribute to tumor recurrence by eluding anticancer treatments. Here, we show that spheroids that contain rat neural stem cells (NSCs) or rat glioma stem cells (cancer stem cells, CSCs) express isoforms 1 and 2 of pyruvate kinase (PKM1 and PKM2); however, the expression of PKM2 is considerably higher in glioma spheroids. Silencing of PKM2 enhances both apoptosis and differentiation of rat and human glioma spheroids. We establish that PKM2 was implicated in glioma spheroid differentiation through its interaction with Oct4, a major regulator of self-renewal and differentiation in stem cells. The small molecule Dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, increases the amount of PKM2/Oct4 complexes and thus inhibited Oct4-dependent gene expression. Taken together, our results highlight a new molecular pathway through which PKM2 can manage gliomagenesis via the control of glioma stemness by Oct4.