bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of sleep on adolescent depressed mood, alertness and academic performance
Authors: Short Michelle A. , Gradisar Michael , Lack Leon C. , Wright Helen R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe present study developed and tested a theoretical model examining the inter‐relationships among sleep duration, sleep quality, and circadian chronotype and their effect on alertness, depression, and academic performance. Participants were 385 adolescents aged 13–18 years (M = 15.6, SD = 1.0; 60% male) were recruited from eight socioeconomically diverse high schools in South Australia. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires during class time and recorded their sleep patterns in a sleep diary for 8 days. A good fit was found between the model and the data (χ2/df = 1.78, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04). Circadian chronotype showed the largest association with on adolescent functioning, with more evening‐typed students reporting worse sleep quality (β = .50, p < .001) and diminished alertness (β = .59, p < .001). Sleep quality was significantly associated with poor outcomes: adolescents with poorer sleep quality reported less sleep on school nights (β = −.28, p < .001), diminished daytime alertness (β = .33, p < .001), and more depressed mood (β = .47, p < .001). Adolescents with poor sleep quality and/or more evening chronotype were also more likely to report worse grades, through the association with depression. Sleep duration showed no direct effect on adolescent functioning. These results identified the importance of two lesser‐studied aspects of sleep: circadian chronotype and sleep quality. Easy‐to‐implement strategies to optimize sleep quality and maintain an adaptive circadian body clock may help to increase daytime alertness, elevate mood, and improve academic performance.
Automatic temporal lobe atrophy assessment in prodromal AD: Data from the DESCRIPA study
Authors: Chincarini Andrea , Bosco Paolo , Gemme Gianluca , Esposito Mario , Rei Luca , Squarcia Sandro , Bellotti Roberto , Minthon Lennart , Frisoni Giovanni , Scheltens Philip , Frölich Lutz , Soininen Hilkka , Visser Pieter‐Jelle , Nobili Flavio ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the framework of the clinical validation of research tools, this investigation presents a validation study of an automatic medial temporal lobe atrophy measure that is applied to a naturalistic population sampled from memory clinic patients across Europe.MethodsThe procedure was developed on 1.5‐T magnetic resonance images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, and it was validated on an independent data set coming from the DESCRIPA study. All images underwent an automatic processing procedure to assess tissue atrophy that was targeted at the hippocampal region. For each subject, the procedure returns a classification index. Once provided with the clinical assessment at baseline and follow‐up, subjects were grouped into cohorts to assess classification performance. Each cohort was divided into converters (co) and nonconverters (nc) depending on the clinical outcome at follow‐up visit.ResultsWe found the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.81 for all co versus nc subjects, and AUC was 0.90 for subjective memory complaint (SMCnc) versus all co subjects. Furthermore, when training on mild cognitive impairment (MCI‐nc/MCI‐co), the classification performance generally exceeds that found when training on controls versus Alzheimer's disease (CTRL/AD).ConclusionsAutomatic magnetic resonance imaging analysis may assist clinical classification of subjects in a memory clinic setting even when images are not specifically acquired for automatic analysis.
On continuous spectra of the Orr–Sommerfeld/Squire equations and entrainment of free-stream vortical disturbances
Authors: Dong Ming , Wu Xuesong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSmall-amplitude perturbations are governed by the linearized Navier–Stokes equations, which are, for a parallel or nearly parallel shear flow, customarily reduced to the Orr–Sommerfeld (O-S) and Squire equations. In this paper, we consider continuous spectra (CS) of the O-S and Squire operators for the Blasius and asymptotic suction boundary layers, and address the issue of whether and when continuous modes can represent free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment into the shear layer. For the Blasius boundary layer, we highlight two particular properties of the CS: (i) the eigenfunction of a continuous mode simultaneously consists of two components with wall-normal wavenumbers $\pm {k}_{2} $, a phenomenon which we refer to as ‘entanglement of Fourier components’; and (ii) for low-frequency disturbances the presence of the boundary layer forces the streamwise velocity in the free stream to take a much larger amplitude than those of the transverse velocities. Both features appear to be non-physical, and cast some doubt about the appropriateness of using CS to characterize free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment into the boundary layer, a practice that has been adopted in some recent studies of bypass transition. A high-Reynolds-number asymptotic description of continuous modes and entrainment is present, and it shows that the entanglement is a result of neglecting non-parallelism, which has a leading-order effect on the entrainment. When this effect is included, entanglement disappears, and moreover the streamwise velocity is significantly amplified in the edge layer when ${R}^{- 1} \ll \omega \ll 1$, where $R$ is the Reynolds number based on the local boundary-layer thickness. For the asymptotic suction boundary layer, which is an exactly parallel flow, both temporal and spatial CS may be defined mathematically. However, at a finite $R$ neither of them represents the physical process of free-stream vortical disturbances penetrating into the boundary layer. The latter must instead be characterized by a peculiar type of continuous modes whose eigenfunctions increase exponentially with the distance from the wall. In the limit $R\gg 1$, all three types of CS are identical at leading order, and hence can be used to represent free-stream vortical disturbances and their entrainment. Low-frequency disturbances are found to generate a large-amplitude streamwise velocity in the boundary layer, which is reminiscent of longitudinal streaks.
No heartbreak at Hilbert's Hotel: a reply to Landon Hedrick
Authors: LOKE ANDREW 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn his article, ‘Heartbreak at Hilbert's Hotel’, Landon Hedrick argues that the ‘Hilbert's Hotel Argument’ (HHA) proposed by William Lane Craig is ineffective against proponents of presentism, who include Craig himself. I show that there is no heartbreak if the Hotel and persons are constructed and generated in a certain way: there exists a ‘hotel room builder’ and a ‘customer generator’, they have been building hotel rooms and generating customers at regular time intervals as long as time exists, and the hotel rooms and customers have continued existing after they have been built and generated respectively.
Molecular prevalence ofTrypanosomaspp. in wild rodents of Southeast Asia: influence of human settlement habitat
Authors: PUMHOM P. , POGNON D. , YANGTARA S. , THAPRATHORN N. , MILOCCO C. , DOUANGBOUPHA B. , HERDER S. , CHAVAL Y. , MORAND S. , JITTAPALAPONG S. , DESQUESNES M. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThis study investigated the molecular prevalence ofTrypanosoma lewisiandT. evansiin wild rodents from Cambodia, Lao PDR and Thailand. Between 2008 and 2012, rodents (and shrews) were trapped in nine locations and 616 of these were tested using three sets of primers: TRYP1 (amplifying ITS1 of ribosomal DNA of all trypanosomes), TBR (amplifying satellite genomic DNA ofTrypanozoonparasites) and LEW1 (amplifying ITS1 of ribosomal DNA ofT. lewisi). Based on the size of the PCR products using TRYP1, 17% were positive forT. lewisiand 1·0% positive forTrypanozoon. Results were confirmed by sequencing PCR products and by using more specific primers (LEW1 and TBR). The specificity of TRYP1 primers, however, failed as rodent DNA was amplified in some instances, giving unexpected product sizes. Using LEW1 primers, 13·3% of the samples were confirmed positive forT. lewisi, both by PCR and sequencing. In Thailand,T. lewisiwas found inRattus tanezumi,R. exulansandBerylmys; in Lao PDR, inR. tanezumiandR. exulans, and in Cambodia inR. tanezumi,R. exulansandR. norvegicus.Using TBR, 1·3% of the samples tested positive forTrypanozoonby PCR and sequencing;T. evansiis the only species of theTrypanozoonsubgenus possibly present in wild Asian rodents. These results confirmed its presence in rodents from Thailand (R. tanezumi), Lao PDR (R. tanezumi,R. nitidus) and Cambodia (R. tanezumi,Niviventer fulvescens,Maxomys surifer). Based on the information related to rodent trapping, it was found that rodent species trapped in and around human dwellings had a higher prevalence ofT. lewisiinfection.R. tanezumiandR. exulans, two synanthropic species, were mainly found infected in this habitat suggesting a role as a reservoir and thus a potential source ofT. lewisifor human infection.
What the Beneventans heard and how they sang
Authors: PLANCHART ALEJANDRO ENRIQUE 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTSingers from the area south of Rome kept the Gregorian repertory received in the ninth century, including a few early tropes and proses, and their traditional Old Beneventan repertory alive side by side with remarkable consistency in oral tradition for nearly two hundred years. This might explain why the received Gregorian repertory retained its archaic traits in Benevento rather than in northern Europe. For the ‘new music’ of the tenth and eleventh centuries, mostly locally composed tropes, proses, and Latin Kyrieleison, south Italian singers adopted the musical surface of Gregorian chant, albeit Italianised (that is, moving largely in stepwise motion), but for the large-scale formal structures they harked back to the nearly obsessive repetition of extended passages that are the hallmark of Old Beneventan.
Frail Elderly as Disaster Victims: Emergency Management Strategies
Authors: Fernandez Lauren S. , Byard Deana , Lin Chien-Chih , Benson Samuel , Barbera Joseph A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPurpose:To identify the vulnerabilities of elderly to disasters, and to develop strategies to address these vulnerabilities.Methods:A relevant literature search of journal articles, government training materials, news reports, and materials from senior organizations was conducted.Results:The vulnerability of the elderly to disasters is related to their impaired physical mobility, diminished sensory awareness, chronic health conditions, and social and economic limitations that prevent adequate preparation for disasters, and hinder their adaptability during disasters. Frail elderly, those with serious physical, cognitive, economic, and psycho-social problems, are at especially high risk.Conclusions:This segment of the population is growing rapidly. Therefore, it is important that emergency management recognize the frail elderly as a special needs population, and develop targeted strategies that meet their needs. Several management strategies are presented and recommendations for further action are proposed.
Network analysis of narrative content in large corpora
Authors: SUDHAHAR SAATVIGA , DE FAZIO GIANLUCA , FRANZOSI ROBERTO , CRISTIANINI NELLO 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe present a methodology for the extraction of narrative information from a large corpus. The key idea is to transform the corpus into a network, formed by linking the key actors and objects of the narration, and then to analyse this network to extract information about their relations. By representing information into a single network it is possible to infer relations between these entities, including when they have never been mentioned together. We discuss various types of information that can be extracted by our method, various ways to validate the information extracted and two different application scenarios. Our methodology is very scalable, and addresses specific research needs in social sciences.
When a repellent becomes an attractant: harmful saponins are kairomones attracting the symbiotic Harlequin crab
Authors: Caulier Guillaume , Flammang Patrick , Gerbaux Pascal , Eeckhaut Igor 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMarine organisms have developed a high diversity of chemical defences in order to avoid predators and parasites. In sea cucumbers, saponins function as repellents and many species produce these cytotoxic secondary metabolites. Nonetheless, they are colonized by numerous symbiotic organisms amongst which the Harlequin crab, Lissocarcinus orbicularis, is one of the most familiar in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. We here identify for the first time the nature of the molecules secreted by sea cucumbers and attracting the symbionts: saponins are the kairomones recognized by the crabs and insuring the symbiosis. The success of this symbiosis would be due to the ability that crabs showed during evolution to bypass the sea cucumber chemical defences, their repellents becoming powerful attractants. This study therefore highlights the complexity of chemical communication in the marine environment.
Ertel's vorticity theorem and new flux surfaces in multi-fluid plasmas
Authors: Hameiri Eliezer 
Published: September 2013

Dedicated to Professor Harold Weitzner on the occasion of his retirement
“Say to wisdom ‘you are my sister,’ and to insight ‘you are my relative.’”—Proverbs 7:4
Based on an extension to plasmas of Ertel's classical vorticity theorem in fluid dynamics, it is shown that for each species in a multi-fluid plasma there can be constructed a set of nested surfaces that have this species' fluid particles confined within them. Variational formulations for the plasma evolution and its equilibrium states are developed, based on the new surfaces and all of the dynamical conservation laws associated with them. It is shown that in the general equilibrium case, the energy principle lacks a minimum and cannot be used as a stability criterion. A limit of the variational integral yields the two-fluid Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. A further special limit yields MHD equilibria and can be used to approximate the equilibrium state of a Hall-MHD plasma in a perturbative way.
Empirical analysis of the determinants of environmentally sustainable practices in the UK construction industry
Authors: Oluwole Akadiri Peter , Olaniran Fadiya Olusanjo 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– During the last decade, the practice of sustainability has been gradually adopted in the UK construction industry, with the increasing interest in the discourse of sustainable development. This paper therefore aims to investigate the role and ability of sustainable development-based requirements – top management commitment, government regulations and construction stakeholder pressures – as potential determinants of adoption of proactive environmentally sustainable practices, with a view of promoting sustainable innovation in the UK construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research approach selected for this research comprised of a questionnaire survey of the UK construction industry practitioners – architects and designers, structural engineers, construction managers and quantity surveyors – with the aid of an Adobe Livecycle Designer. Purposive sampling techniques using maximum variation strategy were adopted for selecting the target survey respondents. The Predictive Analysis Software (PASW) Statistics 17.0 (formerly SPSS statistics) was employed to analyse information from the survey.

Findings
– Empirical results indicate a positive effect of government regulations, top management commitment and construction stakeholder pressures on sustainable construction practices. Government regulation was found to be the most important determinants of sustainable practices. In addition, top management commitment appears to be linked with government regulation as the defining factor increasing managers sustainability awareness, helping sustainable practices to be effectively implemented and appealing to firms.

Originality/value
– The research results provide useful information in understanding the determinant factors of sustainable construction innovation and are particularly essential in aiding better decision-making in implementing sustainable practices, thereby facilitating the sustainability of the construction sector.
Geometric modelling of metallic foams
Authors: Carofalo Alessio , De Giorgi Marta , Morabito Anna 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The aim of this work is the development of a procedure able to model the highly irregular cellular structure of metallic foams on the basis of information obtained by X-ray tomographic analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
– The geometric modelling is based on the feature “pore” characterized by an ellipsoidal shape. The data for the geometric parameters of the instances are obtained with a methodology which is driven by the pore volume distribution curve. This curve shows how much the cells, whose diameter belongs to a given dimensional range, contribute to the reduction of the total volume.

Findings
– The presented methodology has been implemented into a CAD tool consisting of a Matlab routine identifying the instances of the feature “pore” and a CATIA's macro modelling the closed cells foam.

Originality/value
– The presented methodology allows to obtain in an automatic way the CAD model of the complex structure of closed cell aluminium foam approximating by considerable accuracy both the density and the volume distribution of the real foams.
Particle swarm optimization and identification of inelastic material parameters
Authors: Vaz Jr M. , Cardoso E.L. , Stahlschmidt J. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Parameter identification is a technique which aims at determining material or other process parameters based on a combination of experimental and numerical techniques. In recent years, heuristic approaches, such as genetic algorithms (GAs), have been proposed as possible alternatives to classical identification procedures. The present work shows that particle swarm optimization (PSO), as an example of such methods, is also appropriate to identification of inelastic parameters. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– PSO is a class of swarm intelligence algorithms which attempts to reproduce the social behaviour of a generic population. In parameter identification, each individual particle is associated to hyper-coordinates in the search space, corresponding to a set of material parameters, upon which velocity operators with random components are applied, leading the particles to cluster together at convergence.

Findings
– PSO has proved to be a viable alternative to identification of inelastic parameters owing to its robustness (achieving the global minimum with high tolerance for variations of the population size and control parameters), and, contrasting to GAs, higher convergence rate and small number of control variables.

Originality/value
– PSO has been mostly applied to electrical and industrial engineering. This paper extends the field of application of the method to identification of inelastic material parameters.
Who owns the gap? (Part one): Appreciative Inquiry as a diagnostic tool
Authors: Watson Sally 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report on the impact of Appreciative Inquiry on the diagnostic phase of a management development programme. A case study of an organisation delivering both further and higher education will be used to illustrate how the involvement of a management population in the diagnosis and design of the programme resulted in individual, team and organisational learning. The use of Appreciative Inquiry challenges conventional methods of diagnosis and evaluation. One year later a second Appreciative Inquiry was adapted to become an evaluation tool. The outcomes of this work will be reported in part two of this article.

Design/methodology/approach
– Appreciative Inquiry workshops involving 72 managers were used to encourage a collaborative approach to diagnostics prior to the launch of a management development programme. The workshops followed a four-stage structure. Small self-managed teams, with representation from different departments and levels of management, engaged in a diagnostic process with support from Lancaster facilitators.

Findings
– Participants discovered new working practices for exploring and solving organisational issues and challenges. Individuals learned from the teamwork and established new networks and sources of innovation. The benefits of a collaborative approach included greater clarity on strategies, priorities and rigorous alignment of management development needs to the mission of achieving outstanding status.

Research limitations/implications
– Participants of the management development programme were actively engaged in the diagnosis of learning and development needs. The diagnostic phase accelerated engagement with learning across a broad spectrum of managers and key organisational stakeholders.

Practical implications
– The use of Appreciative Inquiry as a diagnostic tool ensures that management development is firmly rooted in strategic priorities of the organisation. The approach ensures that all contributions are respected and this results in a higher quality dialogue across different parts of the organisation.

Originality/value
– The paper is original in presenting a management development programme diagnosed and evaluated by organisational members. The result was practical, cost effective and sustainable development which transferred capability to the organisation. Part two of this article will report on Appreciative Inquiry as an evaluation tool and provide evidence of the sustainability of individual, team and organisational learning.