bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbe Profile: Bacteriophage ϕ6: a model for segmented RNA viruses and the evolutionary consequences of viral ‘sex’
Authors: Turner Paul E. , Chao Lin 
Published: July 2024

Graphical abstract
Phage ϕ6 is a model for segmented RNA viruses, and for testing evolutionary biology. (a) Phage ϕ6 attaches to type-IV pili of susceptible host bacteria and selects for phage-resistance via altered/deleted pili, causing a ‘trade-off’ that should reduce pathogenicity (leaf adherence and plant invasion) of Pseudomonad bacteria in the wild. (b) Muller’s ratchet predicts that asexual populations of small size should accrue harmful mutations that reduce mean fitness over time, depicted as rightward shift in a hypothetical histogram (blue bars) of individuals harbouring greater average genetic load. Whereas ϕ6 studies showed segment reassortment (viral sex) can create hybrids with fewer mutations (horizontal red bars on RNA segments) than those carried by co-infecting ‘parent’ viruses, causing leftward shift of histogram, and reduced average genetic load over time. (c) Wild-type phage (black) is advantaged in particle production, relative to a cheater phage (red). But frequent co-infection can favour selection for cheater variants of ϕ6 that outcompete the wild-type; overall productivity decreases but cheaters are over-represented among the viral progeny compared to their production when infecting cells alone. This result is consistent with the Prisoner’s Dilemma outcome in evolutionary game theory, which shows a cheating strategy (red line depicting cheater fitness) can invade a population at any initial starting frequency (exceeding horizontal black line for wild-type fitness defined as 1.0) despite causing mean fitness to decline through time (red arrow pointing down and to the right as cheaters approach fixation when frequency equals 1.0).
SciMind: A Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts Model for Advancing Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: Xiong Zhaoping , Fang Xintao , Chu Haotian , Wan Xiaozhe , Liu Liwei , Li Yameng , Xiang Wenkai , Zheng Mingyue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have made substantial strides, but their use in reliably tackling issues within specialized domains, particularly in interdisciplinary areas like pharmaceutical sciences, is hindered by data heterogeneity, knowledge complexity, unique objectives, and a spectrum of constraint conditions. In this area, diverse modalities such as nucleic acids, proteins, molecular structures, and natural language are often involved. We designed a specialized token set and introduced a new Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) pre-training and fine-tuning strategy to unify these modalities in one model. With this strategy, we’ve created a multi-modal mixture-of-experts foundational model for pharmaceutical sciences, named SciMind. This model has undergone extensive pre-training on publicly accessible datasets including nucleic acid sequences, protein sequences, molecular structure strings, and biomedical texts, and delivers good performance on biomedical text comprehension, promoter prediction, protein function prediction, molecular description, and molecular generation.
From gavels to algorithms: The Vidhii Partners GenAI evolution
Authors: Wadehra Siddharth , Anand Ambuj 
Published: July 2024

Learning outcomes
This case study exposes students to the process of decision-making given the market uncertainty, evolving shareholder expectations and other variables that executives and managers must consider ensuring business continuity and growth and helps students develop an appreciation of the impact emerging technologies are having on organizational digital transformation. This case study evaluates the strategic considerations for whitespace digital solutions into existing organizational operations, balancing innovation with core operating principles; exposes the students to the drivers of fostering a culture of innovation and employee buy-in during strategic digital transformation initiatives; and evaluates and appreciates the role of key stakeholders, such as customers, employees and executive management, in shaping a successful digital transformation strategy and promoting sustained business growth.

Case overview/synopsis
Vidhii Partners, a leading Indian law firm, grapples with the burgeoning demand for legal services in a rapidly evolving market. Traditional methods may struggle to keep pace, prompting Vikram Wadehra, a partner, to champion the adoption of Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technology. Vidhii Partners embarks on the development of two GenAI tools: VidAI, an AI-powered chatbot designed to democratize access to legal information, and VidAI Pro, a business-to-business offering aimed at streamlining legal research and drafting. Wadehra envisions these tools not only enhancing efficiency but also fostering a culture of legal awareness and generating new business opportunities. However, crucial decisions remain. Can Vidhii Partners bridge the potential gap between innovation and the firm’s established practices? How can they effectively integrate GenAI into their operations while ensuring user trust and employee buy-in? This case study presents a rich opportunity to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with digital transformation in the legal sector. Students will grapple with themes such as navigating market uncertainty, fostering a culture of innovation within a traditional organization and developing effective strategies for stakeholder management during change initiatives. Through the lens of Vidhii Partners’ GenAI journey, students gain valuable insights into the complexities of embracing disruptive technologies within a dynamic business landscape.

Complexity academic level
This case study is designed for masters level (MBA).

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Kavak: a Latin American startup aiming to disrupt the used-car market across emerging economies
Authors: Ikrama Syeda , Qumer Syeda Maseeha 
Published: July 2024

Learning outcomes
This case study is intended to help students to evaluate Kavak’s business model, examine the global expansion strategy of Kavak, analyze the competitive strategy adopted by Kavak, recognize the ways in which Kavak leveraged technology in all its business operations, examine the key challenges faced by Kavak in the fragmented Latin American as well as global used car market and explore strategies that Kavak can adopt in future to maintain its dominance in the global used car market.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study is about the meteoric rise of Kavak, a Mexican used car retailer that aimed to disrupt the emerging pre-owned car markets with its unique value propositions and compelling global expansion strategy. Co-founded in 2016 by Carlos García Ottati (Ottati), in Mexico City, Kavak emerged as an end-to-end solution to buy, manage, sell and finance pre-owned cars. Using pricing algorithms driven by artificial intelligence and machine learning-based inspection tools and personalized recommendations, Kavak reshaped the mobility sector in the Latin American and Middle Eastern regions. In a mere six years of operation, the company established its presence in nine countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Turkey, the UAE and Oman. Kavak’s innovative yet simple business model ensured transparency and guarantees in all its transactions where reconditioned vehicles were sold to thousands of customers through its e-commerce platform as well as a network of brick-and-mortar hubs. Its in-house financing arm Kavak Capital was at the core of its business model, as it offered affordable leasing options, making car ownership possible for both first- and second-time car owners within just a few minutes of applying. The platform had an inventory of 40,000 vehicles as of 2023 with more than 50% of Kavak’s sales being financed by Kavak Capital. The case study discusses the challenges faced by Kavak in the fragmented used car market including rising interest rates for vehicle loans, managing capital-intensive operations, rising competition and external economic headwinds such as inflation and slowing economic growth. Going forward, the challenge before Ottati and his team was how to make profits, build customer trust, attract customers and achieve global success.

Complexity academic level
This case study is suitable for MBA/MS level and is designed to be a part of the business strategy/and international business curriculum.

Subject code
CSS: 5: International business.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.
Assessment of user awareness of electricity consumption based on norm activation model: the study of a public university in Ghana
Authors: Abbas Jannat , Alhassan Tahiru , Ohene Adu Augustine , Mohammed Abubakar Sadiq 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to assess user awareness of electricity consumption at a public university in Ghana based on the norm activation model (NAM).

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a survey design, using closed-ended questionnaires as the main data collection instruments. Data was collected from 300 respondents (staff and students) of the university and analysed descriptively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Findings
The study found that the level of user awareness (as defined by NAM) of electricity consumption among staff and students is moderate. Therefore, the more energy campaigns users are exposed to the higher their level of user awareness (awareness of consequence, ascription of responsibility and personal norm).

Practical implications
The findings of this study can assist university management boards and other organisations in recognising the potential for reducing electricity use by increasing user knowledge. Ultimately, this can result in added value.

Originality/value
The study makes a significant contribution to the literature on the NAM by exclusively focusing on the variables of NAM to assess the level of user awareness of electricity consumption in a university setting.
Unravelling late adolescents’ addiction to social media: a unified theory perspective
Authors: Tan Christine Nya-Ling , Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to explore the intricate connections among late adolescents in Malaysia by considering their attachment patterns, attitudes towards technology acceptance, malevolent psychological and emotional traits and addiction to social media. This is achieved by integrating and refining the attachment theory (AT), the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the dark triad (DT) personality traits.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 217 quantitative data were gathered from adolescents between 17 and 19 years of age. The data was analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling with established constructs, including TAM (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude), DT traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, fear of missing out), AT (attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety) and social media addiction.

Findings
The findings indicate that the perceived ease of use and usefulness are significantly positively related to attitude. Additionally, both attitude and FOMO were found to have a significant positive relationship with social media addiction. Notably, attachment anxiety was found to have a significant positive impact on FOMO, whereas attachment avoidance did not. Furthermore, among the dark triad traits, only narcissism showed a positive relationship with FOMO.

Originality/value
This study is novel because it integrates and expands unified theoretical perspectives to uncover the multifaceted factors contributing to late adolescents’ social media addiction. Moreover, introducing new concepts such as FOMO lays the groundwork for future research. Additionally, it proposes interventions that target specific vulnerabilities associated with attachment styles, technology acceptance and personality traits.
Reconciliation of wire woven mesh porous media in controlling the desired heat transfer and pressure drop
Authors: G. Trilok , Gnanasekaran N. , Mobedi Moghtada 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Despite the reputation of the metal-based porous media for their ability to augment heat transfer as widely witnessed in the literature and practically operating heat exchanging applications, the coexisting penalty of the increased pressure drop demanding increased pumping power poses a major concern that invites the need for an alternate solution to handle this unsought outcome. Therefore, this study aims at providing a better solution to the existing cost and benefit scenarios to benefit a plethora of engineering applications including energy transfer, energy storage and energy conversion.

Design/methodology/approach
This work highlights on the property of stacked woven wire mesh porous media such as their stacking types, porous conditions and thickness scenarios that can potentially result in distinct trade-off scenarios. A vertical channel is numerical modelled by using REV scaled modelling technique using Darcy-Forchheimer and local thermal non-equilibrium models to illustrate the possibilities of this variety of trade off scenarios between the desirable heat transfer and the unsought flow resistance.

Findings
This work illustrates the advantages of wire mesh-based porous medium and its distinct potential in controlling the existing trade-offs between the cost and benefit aspects. It is found that by varying the features of wire mesh porous media, the interplay between the conflictingly existing characteristics can be much easily handled specific to distinct requirements associated with variety of engineering applications.

Originality/value
The study emphasizes on a new solution or methodology to handle the penalty of pressure drop associated with metal-based porous media. Through this study, a novel approach to control the ultimately costing pumping power at the benefit of increased heat transfer is provided considering various requirements that could be associated with any thermal management systems. Various possibilities and potentials of wire mesh porous media are illustrated highlighting on their benefit of ease with which the mentioned goals can be achieved.
Impact of government expenditure on unemployment in Asian countries: does institutional quality matter?
Authors: Tran Pham Toan Khanh 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Asian countries have had persistent unemployment levels. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of government spending on unemployment. Furthermore, this paper investigates the moderating role of institutional quality on the government spending–unemployment nexus.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data from 35 Asian countries from 2000 to 2022, the dynamic ordinary least squares and fully modified ordinary least squares technique is used to tackle with aforementioned issue. In addition, pooled mean group estimation is applied to verify the robustness of the findings.

Findings
The results show that an increase in government expenditure and better institutions reduce the unemployment rate. Interestingly, the negative impact of government expenditure on unemployment will enhance and intensify with better institutional quality. Furthermore, trade openness and foreign direct investment decrease unemployment in Asian countries. The results are robust to various specifications.

Practical implications
Findings from this study provide important implications for governments. Governments should use public expenditure efficiently and enhance and improve institutional quality to reduce unemployment.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study pioneers the investigation of the moderating role of institutional quality in the relationship between government expenditure and unemployment in Asian countries.
The role of artificial intelligence in auditing and fraud detection in accounting information systems: moderating role of natural language processing
Authors: Qatawneh Adel M. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the moderating role of natural language processing natural language processing (NLP) on the relationship between AI-empowered AIS (data gathering, data analysis, risk assessment, detection, prevention and Investigation) and auditing and fraud detection.

Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative methodology was adapted through a questionnaire. In total, 221 individuals represented the population of the study, and SPSS was used to screen primary data. The study indicated the acceptance of the hypothesis that “Artificial Intelligence in AIS has a statistically significant influence on auditing and fraud detection,” showing a strong correlation between auditing and fraud detection. The study concluded that NLP moderates the relationship between AI in AIS and auditing and fraud detection.

Findings
The study’s implications lie in its contribution to the development of theoretical models that explore the complementary attributes of AI and NLP in detecting financial fraud.

Research limitations/implications
A cross-sectional design is a limitation.

Practical implications
NLP is a useful tool for developing more efficient methods for detecting fraudulent activities and audit risks.

Originality/value
The study’s originality stems from its focus on the use of AI-empowered AIS, a relatively new technology that has the potential to significantly impact auditing and fraud detection processes within the accounting field.
Unethical pro-organizational behavior: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Mukherjee Ujjal , S.R. Saritha 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The literature on unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPOB) has experienced significant growth in the past decade. However, there is limited research on the effects of organizational, team and malleable individual factors on UPOB. It is also necessary to explore its adverse effects for theoretical advancement and to uncover unexplored opportunities. This study aims to systematically examine the existing body of literature on UPOB, providing thorough theoretical, contextual and methodological insights.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis technique, the authors identified 43 articles on UPOB from journals included in the ABDC-2019 list. The authors conducted an analysis of the identified articles and categorized them using a modified version of Paul and Rosado-Serrano’s (2019) TCCM framework.

Findings
Existing literature primarily focuses on attitudinal and contextual antecedents of UPOB, neglecting individual differences and their consequences. The review suggests that certain desired employee attitudes may also lead to UPOB. In addition, the study highlights underutilization of established behavioral theories, emphasizing the need for a more inclusive theoretical framework. The exploration identifies research gaps, including in multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies, aiming to broaden the research scope in this field.

Research limitations/implications
The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive theoretical framework to understand UPOB.

Practical implications
It cautions organizations fostering positive employee attitudes, such as job satisfaction, workplace spirituality and organizational commitment, as these may inadvertently promote UPOB.

Social implications
Socially, the paper highlights how engaging in UPOB affects the lives of involved employees.

Originality/value
This paper’s originality arises from its methodical review and categorization of prior research on UPOB using a distinctive, multidisciplinary research framework.
From traditional to virtual classrooms: unravelling themes and shaping the future of metaverse education
Authors: Waquar Alisha , Sujood  , Kareem Saima , Yasmeen Nusrat , Hussain Sarah 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of scholarly literature on the educational impacts of the metaverse, systematically identifying emerging themes, challenges and implications for metaverse education.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses systematic literature review techniques using the Scopus database to investigate empirical studies and systematic reviews specifically examining the convergence of the metaverse and education.

Findings
The study shows that the metaverse has a substantial influence on education, emphasising immersive learning, real social interactions and the transformation of traditional frameworks. This paper identifies nine themes, illuminating the growing relevance of metaverse tools in academic institutions, influencing learning methods, outcomes and positive student dispositions.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides a foundation for further investigations into the metaverse’s potential to disseminate knowledge and enhance comprehension of metaverse technologies. It explores the metaverse’s potential in relation to progress, upcoming trends and cultural awareness while highlighting obstacles that must be addressed for effective metaverse teaching.

Originality/value
This research paper makes a substantial scholarly contribution by undertaking a systematic analysis of empirical studies and identifying emerging themes in the area of metaverse education. It offers substantial insights into the transformative potential of metaverse education and its implications for pedagogical and instructional approaches in the digitised era through the analysis of fundamental inquiries.
The effect of modern information technology on corporate payout policy. Evidence from EDGAR implementation
Authors: Trinh Tri 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis study uses the Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval (EDGAR) implementation as an information shock to examine its effect on corporate payout policy.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a generalized difference-in-differences approach to assess the causal impact of EDGAR implementation on the US publicly traded firms’ payout policy for a period from 1990 to 1999. The approach captures the difference between changes in the dividend policy of firms subjected to EDGAR implementation (treated firms) and those not subjected to the implementation (control firms).FindingsFirms increase payout ratios and the likelihood of paying dividends after the implementation of EDGAR. Notably, these effects are more pronounced in firms characterized by high agency problems ex-ante.Practical implicationsPolicies designed to improve a firm’s information environment may yield divergent effects on corporate payout policy. Consequently, in countries aiming to promote cash dividends, policymakers seeking to enhance the firm information environment should carefully consider initiatives that will improve minority investors’ access to corporate information.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to the real effects of EDGAR implementation on firm policies, addressing the ambiguity surrounding the economic consequences of EDGAR adoption. This paper also contributes to the existing literature on the impact of information shock on corporate payouts. The findings emphasize the multifaceted influence of information shock on corporate payouts.