bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional breadth and home‐field advantage generate functional differences among soil microbial decomposers
Authors: Fanin Nicolas , Fromin Nathalie , Bertrand Isabelle 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn addition to the effect of litter quality (LQ) on decomposition, increasing evidence is demonstrating that carbon mineralization can be influenced by the past resource history, mainly through following two processes: (1) decomposer communities from recalcitrant litter environments may have a wider functional ability to decompose a wide range of litter species than those originating from richer environments, i.e., the functional breadth (FB) hypothesis; and/or (2) decomposer communities may be specialized towards the litter they most frequently encounter, i.e., the home‐field advantage (HFA) hypothesis. Nevertheless, the functional dissimilarities among contrasting microbial communities, which are generated by the FB and the HFA, have rarely been simultaneously quantified in the same experiment, and their relative contributions over time have never been assessed. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a reciprocal transplant decomposition experiment under controlled conditions using litter and soil originating from four ecosystems along a land‐use gradient (forest, plantation, grassland, and cropland) and one additional treatment using 13C‐labelled flax litter allowing us to assess the priming effect (PE) in each ecosystem. We found substantial effects of LQ on carbon mineralization (more than two‐thirds of the explained variance), whereas the contribution of the soil type was fairly low (less than one‐tenth), suggesting that the contrasting soil microbial communities play only a minor role in regulating decomposition rates. Although the results on PE showed that we overestimated litter‐derived CO2 fluxes, litter–microbe interactions contributed significantly to the unexplained variance observed in carbon mineralization models. The magnitudes of FB and HFA were relatively similar, but the directions of these mechanisms were sometimes opposite depending on the litter and soil types. FB and HFA estimates calculated on parietal sugar mass loss were positively correlated with those calculated on enzymatic activity, confirming the idea that the interaction between litter quality and microbial community structure may modify the trajectory of carbon mineralization via enzymatic synthesis. We conclude that although litter quality was the predominant factor controlling litter mineralization, the local microbial communities and interactions with their substrates can explain a small (<5%) but noticeable portion of carbon fluxes.
Variable Clinical Presentations of ABO Incompatibility in Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Mundy Cynthia A. , Bhatia Jatinder 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNewborns with ABO blood group incompatibility can have a spectrum of clinical presentations from remaining asymptomatic to severe hemolytic anemia with jaundice. This case presentation discusses dizygotic twins who demonstrated both ends of the clinical spectrum. Similar cases in which there is such extreme variation between twins were not attainable in the current literature, which prompted the authors to present it as a rare occurrence and one that was unexpected based on their past experience with ABO incompatibility both in singletons and in twins.
High-Fidelity Simulation for Neonatal Nursing Education: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Cooper Allyson 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe lack of safe avenues to develop neonatal nursing competencies using human subjects leads to the notion that simulation education for neonatal nurses might be an ideal form of education. This integrative literature review compares traditional, teacher-centered education with high-fidelity simulation education for neonatal nurses. It examines the theoretical frameworks used in neonatal nursing education and outlines the advantages of this type of training, including improving communication and teamwork; providing an innovative pedagogical approach; and aiding in skill acquisition, confidence, and participant satisfaction. The importance of debriefing is also examined. High-fidelity simulation is not without disadvantages, including its significant cost, the time associated with training, the need for very complex technical equipment, and increased faculty resource requirements. Innovative uses of high-fidelity simulation in neonatal nursing education are suggested. High-fidelity simulation has great potential but requires additional research to fully prove its efficacy.
Willingness of Future Nursing Workforce to Report for Duty During an Avian Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Ben Natan Merav , Zilberstein Shirley , Alaev Diana 
Published: November 2015

Nursing students are the future nursing workforce. Exploring factors associated with nursing students’ willingness to report for duty during an avian influenza (flu) pandemic, might help nurse managers develop strategies in advance for efficient management of personnel during a pandemic of avian flu.Aim: To examine the factors associated with the willingness of future nursing workforce to report for duty during an avian flu pandemic, using the theory of self-efficacy. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative correlational design. A convenience sample of 200 Israeli nursing students completed a questionnaire based on the theory and the literature review. Results: Approximately one-half (49%) of the students intended to report for duty during an avian flu pandemic in the future. Perceived self-efficacy and working conditions were found associated with this willingness. Male students and students from the Arab Muslim sector were more willing to report for duty during a pandemic than female students or students from the Jewish sector. Discussion: These finding may have implications for disaster planning and staffing management in health care settings during an avian flu pandemic, with the aim to ensure optimal nursing care and an efficient functioning of the entire health care system.
Perioperative outcomes and adverse events of minimally invasive versus open posterior lumbar fusion: meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Goldstein Christina L. , Macwan Kevin , Sundararajan Kala , Rampersaud Y. Raja 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
The objective of this study was to determine the clinical comparative effectiveness and adverse event rates of posterior minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared with open transforaminal or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF/PLIF).

METHODS
A systematic review of the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed. A hand search of reference lists was conducted. Studies were reviewed by 2 independent assessors to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or comparative cohort studies including at least 10 patients undergoing MIS or open TLIF/PLIF for degenerative lumbar spinal disorders and reporting at least 1 of the following: clinical outcome measure, perioperative clinical or process measure, radiographic outcome, or adverse events. Study quality was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) protocol. When appropriate, a meta-analysis of outcomes data was conducted.

RESULTS
The systematic review and reference list search identified 3301 articles, with 26 meeting study inclusion criteria. All studies, including 1 RCT, were of low or very low quality. No significant difference regarding age, sex, surgical levels, or diagnosis was identified between the 2 cohorts (856 patients in the MIS cohort, 806 patients in the open cohort). The meta-analysis revealed changes in the perioperative outcomes of mean estimated blood loss, time to ambulation, and length of stay favoring an MIS approach by 260 ml (p < 0.00001), 3.5 days (p = 0.0006), and 2.9 days (p < 0.00001), respectively. Operative time was not significantly different between the surgical techniques (p = 0.78). There was no significant difference in surgical adverse events (p = 0.97), but MIS cases were significantly less likely to experience medical adverse events (risk ratio [MIS vs open] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.69, p = 0.001). No difference in nonunion (p = 0.97) or reoperation rates (p = 0.97) was observed. Mean Oswestry Disability Index scores were slightly better in the patients undergoing MIS (n = 346) versus open TLIF/PLIF (n = 346) at a median follow-up time of 24 months (mean difference [MIS – open] = 3.32, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The result of this quantitative systematic review of clinical comparative effectiveness research examining MIS versus open TLIF/PLIF for degenerative lumbar pathology suggests equipoise in patient-reported clinical outcomes. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of adverse event data suggests equivalent rates of surgical complications with lower rates of medical complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive TLIF/PLIF compared with open surgery. The quality of the current comparative evidence is low to very low, with significant inherent bias.
Risk factors for neurological worsening and symptomatic watershed infarction in internal carotid artery aneurysm treated by extracranial-intracranial bypass using radial artery graft
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Tanikawa Rokuya , Kamiyama Hiroyasu , Tsuboi Toshiyuki , Noda Kosumo , Ota Nakao , Miyata Shiro , Oda Jumpei , Takeda Rihee , Tokuda Sadahisa , Kamada Kyousuke 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
The revascularization technique, including bypass created using the external carotid artery (ECA), radial artery (RA), and M2 portion of middle cerebral artery (MCA), has remained indispensable for treatment of complex aneurysms. To date, it remains unknown whether diameters of the RA, superficial temporal artery (STA), and C2 portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and intraoperative MCA blood pressure have influences on the outcome and the symptomatic watershed infarction (WI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors for the symptomatic WI and neurological worsening in patients treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass for complex ICA aneurysm with therapeutic ICA occlusion.

METHODS
The authors measured the sizes of vessels (RA, C2, M2, and STA) and intraoperative MCA blood pressure (initial, after ICA occlusion, and after releasing the RA graft bypass) in 37 patients. Symptomatic WI was defined as presence of the following: postoperative new neurological deficits, WI on postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging, and ipsilateral cerebral blood flow reduction on SPECT. Neurological worsening was defined as the increase in 1 or more modified Rankin Scale scores. First, the authors performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for continuous variables and the binary end point of the symptomatic WI. The clinical, radiological, and physiological characteristics of patients with and without the symptomatic WI were compared using the log-rank test. Then, the authors compared the variables between patients with and without neurological worsening at discharge and at the 12-month follow-up examination or last hospital visit.

RESULTS
Symptomatic WI was observed in 2 (5.4%) patients. The mean MCA pressure after releasing the RA graft (< 55 mm Hg; p = 0.017), mean (MCA pressure after releasing the RA graft)/(initial MCA pressure) (< 0.70 mm Hg; p = 0.032), and mean cross-sectional area ratio ([RA/C2 diameter]2 < 0.40 mm [p < 0.0001] and [STA/C2 diameter]2 < 0.044 mm [p < 0.0001]) were related to the symptomatic WI. All preoperatively independent patients remained independent (modified Rankin Scale score < 3). After adjusting for age and sex, left operative side (p = 0.0090 and 0.038) and perforating artery ischemia (p = 0.0050 and 0.022) were related to neurological worsening at discharge (11 [29%] patients) and at the 12-month follow-up or last hospital visit (8 [22%] patients).

CONCLUSIONS
Results of the present study showed that the vessel diameter and intraoperative MCA pressure had impacts on the symptomatic WI and that operative side and perforating artery ischemia were related to neurological worsening in patients with complex ICA aneurysms treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass.
Pituitary macroadenomas with oculomotor cistern extension and tracking: implications for surgical management
Authors: Hoang Nguyen , Tran Diem Kieu , Herde Ryan , Couldwell Genevieve C. , Osborn Anne G. , Couldwell William T. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Oculomotor cistern extension of pituitary adenomas is an overlooked feature within the literature. In this study, 7 cases of pituitary macroadenoma with oculomotor cistern extension and tracking are highlighted, and the implications of surgical and medical management are discussed.

METHODS
The records of patients diagnosed with pituitary macroadenomas who underwent resection and in whom preoperative pituitary protocol MRI scans were available for review were retrospectively reviewed. The patient and tumor characteristics were reviewed along with the operative outcomes and complications.

RESULTS
Seven patients (4.1%) with oculomotor cistern extension and tracking were identified in a cohort of 170 patients with pituitary macroadenoma. The most common presenting symptoms were visual deficit (6 patients; 86%), apoplexy (3 patients; 43%), and oculomotor nerve palsy (3 patients; 43%). Lone oculomotor nerve palsy was seen in 2 patients without apoplexy and 1 patient with an apoplectic event. Gross-total resection was achieved via a microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach with or without endoscopic aid to the sella in 14%, near-total resection in 29%, and subtotal resection in 57% of patients in the data set.

CONCLUSIONS
Pituitary adenoma extension along the oculomotor cistern is uncommon; however, preoperatively recognizing such extension should play an important role in the surgeon’s operative considerations and postoperative clinical management because this extension can limit gross-total resection using the transsphenoidal approach alone.
A novel approach to navigated implantation of S-2 alar iliac screws using inertial measurement units
Authors: Jost Gregory F. , Walti Jonas , Mariani Luigi , Cattin Philippe 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
The authors report on a novel method of intraoperative navigation with inertial measurement units (IMUs) for implantation of S-2 alar iliac (S2AI) screws in sacropelvic fixation of the human spine and its application in cadaveric specimens.

METHODS
Screw trajectories were planned on a multiplanar reconstruction of the preoperative CT scan. The pedicle finder and screwdriver were equipped with IMUs to guide the axial and sagittal tilt angles of the planned trajectory, and navigation software was developed. The entry points were chosen according to anatomical landmarks on the exposed spine. After referencing, the sagittal and axial orientation of the pedicle finder and screwdriver were wirelessly monitored on a computer screen and aligned with the preoperatively planned tilt angles to implant the S2AI screws. The technique was performed without any intraoperative imaging. Screw positions were analyzed on postoperative CT scans.

RESULTS
Seventeen of 18 screws showed a good S2AI screw trajectory. Compared with the postoperatively measured tilt angles of the S2AI screws, the IMU readings on the screwdriver were within an axial plane deviation of 0° to 5° in 15 (83%) and 6° to 10° in 2 (11%) of the screws and within a sagittal plane deviation of 0° to 5° in 15 (83%) and 6° to 10° in 3 (17%) of the screws.

CONCLUSIONS
IMU–based intraoperative navigation may facilitate accurate placement of S2AI screws.
Surface energy and mass balance at Purogangri ice cap, central Tibetan Plateau, 2001–2011
Authors: Huintjes Eva , Neckel Niklas , Hochschild Volker , Schneider Christoph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMost glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau are difficult to assess as they are located in remote regions at high altitude. This study focuses on the surface energy-balance (SEB) and mass-balance (MB) characteristics of Purogangri ice cap (PIC). A ‘COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and MAss balance model’ (COSIMA) is applied without observational data from the ground. The model is forced by a meteorological dataset from the High Asia Refined analysis. Model results for annual surface-elevation changes and MB agree well with the results of a previous remote-sensing estimate. Low surface velocities of 0.026 ± 0.012 m d−1 were measured by repeat-pass InSAR. This finding supports the validation of the steady-state COSIMA against satellite-derived surface changes. Overall MB of PIC for the period 2001–11 is nearly balanced (−44 kg m−2 a−1). Analysis of the model-derived SEB/MB components reveals that a significant amount of snowfall in spring is responsible for high surface albedo throughout the year. Thus, the average surface energy loss through net longwave radiation is larger than the energy gain through net shortwave radiation. The dry continental climate favours mass loss through sublimation, which accounts for 66% of the total mass loss.
High-resolution atmospheric cadmium record for AD 1776–2004 in a high-altitude ice core from the eastern Tien Shan, central Asia
Authors: Wang Chaomin , Liu Yaping , Zhang Wangbin , Hong Sungmin , Hur Soon Do , Lee Khanghyun , Pang Hongxi , Hou Shugui 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo ice cores drilled to the bottom were recovered from Miaoergou flat-topped glacier (43°03'19“N, 94°19'21“E; 4512 ma.s.l.), eastern Tien Shan, central Asia, in 2005. A high–resolution record of cadmium was established by applying inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to one of the ice cores (57.6 m), covering a 228 year period from AD 1776 to 2004. The results showed long-term variations of atmospheric transport and deposition of cadmium at high altitudes. Trend analysis based on the sequential Mann-Kendall test and the analysis of crustal enrichment factors of the cadmium shows that natural contribution, mainly from rock and mineral dust, dominated the atmospheric cycles of cadmium during the period AD 1776–1957, which was confirmed by the significant correlation between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and annual cadmium concentration. The concentration of cadmium increased sharply from AD 1957 to 2004, suggesting increasing influence from human activities, such as metals production. The ice–core record indicated increasing atmospheric cadmium pollution in response to rapid economic growth after AD 1957 in the region.
Assessment of Etravirine Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Paediatric Patients using Population and Deep Sequencing: Final Results of the PIANO Study
Authors: Tambuyzer Lotke , Thys Kim , Hoogstoel Annemie , Nijs Steven , Tomaka Frank , Opsomer Magda , Meyer Sandra De , Vingerhoets Johan 
Published: November 2015

Background We assessed etravirine resistance in treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected children ( n=41)/adolescents ( n=60) who received twice-daily etravirine 5.2 mg/kg and a background regimen (boosted protease inhibitor plus nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, optional enfuvirtide/raltegravir) in a Phase II, open-label, multicentre trial (PIANO). Methods In addition to phenotypes, viral genotypes were assessed by population and deep sequencing (PS and DS) in virological failures (VFs; baseline and end point) and responders (baseline). Minority resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were defined as those with frequencies above 1% and not detected with PS. Results By week 48, 41/101 (40.6%) patients experienced VF; 17/41 (41.5%) VFs and 22/54 (40.8%) responders had ≥1 baseline etravirine RAM by PS, mainly A98G, K101E, V106I and G190A. Baseline minority etravirine RAMs ( n) were detected in 8/40 VFs (V90I [2], A98G [1], L100I [1], V106I [1], E138G [1] and Y181C [2]) and 5/38 responders (V90I [3], A98G [1], V106I [1] and E138G [1]). The most frequent emerging non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor RAMs detected by PS (≥3 VFs; n) were the etravirine RAMs Y181C (8), V90I (3), L100I (3) and E138A (3). In 15 of 29 (51.7%) VFs with baseline DS/PS and end point PS data, ≥1 emerging etravirine RAM was detected by PS, which was not detected at baseline by DS in most cases (12/15 [80.0%]). In 10/26 (38.5%) VFs with baseline/end point DS data, ≥1 additional emerging minority etravirine RAM was detected. Conclusions Patterns of etravirine resistance in adults, adolescents and children experiencing VF are similar. The presence of minority etravirine RAMs at baseline was not consistently associated with treatment failure. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00665847.
Parler du cadavre
Authors: Courtois Martine 
Published: November 2015

Résumé Si le cadavre est « ce qui n’a de nom en aucune langue » (Bossuet), comment en parle-t‑on ? Les seuls mots corps et cadavre ont des définitions fluctuantes qui témoignent de nos incertitudes. La thanatomorphose, décrite par le vocabulaire médico-légal, n’est pas totalement reconnue par la langue courante ni même par l’argot. La transformation de la personne en chose reste difficile à penser. Mais la langue familière d’aujourd’hui n’a plus la libre inventivité de l’argot du xix e siècle, et méconnaît de plus en plus la réalité du cadavre.
De l’autopsie à la virtopsie
Authors: Souffron Valérie 
Published: November 2015

Résumé La dissection appartient à l’histoire de la médecine. Elle englobe l’autopsie, dont le but est de déterminer les causes du décès, soit dans le cadre de recherches scientifiques, soit dans le cadre judiciaire dit « médico-légal ». Depuis quelques années, un nouveau dispositif technique appelé « virtopsie » vient modifier les représentations et les pratiques professionnelles par l’introduction de l’imagerie médicale pour réaliser des autopsies dites « virtuelles ». Cet article examine les changements dans les perceptions, les sensations, les pratiques et les usages des légistes et des radiologues, aux prises avec des cadavres. Il met en évidence l’importance et les modifications des cultures sensorielles, en particulier autour du toucher et de la vue, l’hypertrophie de l’œil et la mise à distance des corps que suppose la virtopsie.
L’art du cadavre
Authors: Girel Sylvia 
Published: November 2015

Résumé Dans les représentations ordinaires, les dépouilles mortelles font généralement « problème ». Dans les domaines de la création et du divertissement, en revanche, elles acquièrent une présence et une visibilité démultipliées. C’est particulièrement évident dans les arts visuels contemporains. On s’interrogera donc sur la manière dont le cadavre, en totalité ou partie, se livre à nous dans sa plus réaliste, voire sa plus réelle, matérialité.
Le culte des crânes chez les Bamiléké de l’ouest du Cameroun
Authors: Kuipou Roger 
Published: November 2015

Résumé La question de la place du mort parmi les vivants reste pertinente dans toutes les cultures. Chez les Bamiléké de l’ouest du Cameroun, le cadavre est l’objet de rites ayant pour but de conserver la mémoire du disparu tout en éloignant la chair corruptible. À l’issue de doubles funérailles, le culte des crânes octroie au défunt le statut d’ancêtre et lui donne une place dans la communauté des vivants, qu’il ne quittera plus.
La mort chez les Parsis de Bombay
Authors: Charlier Philippe 
Published: November 2015

Résumé À travers le rituel du dokhmenashini pratiqué au sein de la communauté parsie de Bombay (Inde), l’auteur explore avec un regard d’anthropologue médical l’ambivalence du corps mort à la fois respectable et souillé. Le cadavre humain est, lors des funérailles, l’objet d’une lutte entre le bien et le mal, véritable bien disputé par ces deux forces opposées. Si des témoignages de respect sont apportés au défunt par l’interface de son corps désincarné, une relative défiance l’entoure, principalement en raison des forces maléfiques qui cherchent à s’en emparer (Druj-i-Nasush).