bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Structures and Spectral Properties of Mononuclear CuII and Dimeric ZnII Complexes Based on an Asymmetric Salamo‐type N2O2 Ligand
Authors: Xu Li , Zhu Li‐Chun , Ma Jian‐Chun , Zhang Yang , Zhang Jing , Dong Wen‐Kui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric Salamo‐type N2O2 ligand H2L and its corresponding CuII and ZnII complexes [CuL] and [{ZnL}2]·2CH3CN were synthesized and structurally characterized. Crystallographic data of the CuII complex revealed that the CuII ion is tetracoordinate with a slightly distorted square planar arrangement forming a 2D supramolecular plane structure by hydrogen bonding and π···π stacking interactions. In the ZnII complex, the ZnII ions are pentacoordinate in N2O2 tetradentate fashion and intermolecular contacts between ZnII and oxygen atoms result in a head‐to‐tail dimer. The ZnII ions were found to have slightly distorted square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal arrangements, respectively. Hydrogen bonding interactions stabilized the ZnII complex to facilitate self‐assembly to a 1D linear chain. The CuII and ZnII complexes show intense photoluminescence with maximum emissions at approx. 426 and 411 nm upon excitation at 360 and 350 nm, respectively.
The B–N Bond in Some Aminoboranes and an Iminoborane, Studied by 11B and 15N NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Methods
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: September 2015

Abstract15N NMR spectra of several aminoboranes (Me2B–NMe2, Cl2B–NMe2, Br2B–NMe2, OCH2CH2OB–NMe2), three N‐pyrrolylboranes, and an iminoborane (tBu–B≡N–tBu) was measured. The spin‐spin coupling constants 1J(15N, 11B) were resolved at elevated temperatures. In the case of the iminoborane at 105 °C, the coupling constant 1J(14N,11B) = 57 Hz could also be determined from the 11B NMR spectrum [from 15N NMR 1J(15N,11B) = 81 Hz]. Generally, there is no correlation between the magnitude of 1J(15N,11B) and the bond length dBN. The values 1J(15N,11B) indicate that changes in σ bonding affect their magnitude, and the nature of the lone pair of electrons at nitrogen is of great importance. The calculated NMR parameters of an adduct of the iminoborane with an N‐heterocyclic carbene, show that the bonding situation around the BN double bond in the adduct is comparable with imines.
Extracurricular Participation and Course Performance in the Middle Grades: A Study of Low‐Income, Urban Youth
Authors: Schwartz Kate , Cappella Elise , Seidman Edward 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe transition to middle/junior high school is associated with declines in students’ academic performance, especially among low‐income, urban youth. Developmental psychologists posit such declines are due to a poor fit between the needs of early adolescents—industry, identity, and autonomy—and the environment of their new schools. Extracurricular participation during these years may act as a buffer for youth, providing a setting for development outside the classroom. The current study examines participation within and across activity settings among low‐income, urban youth in New York City over this transition. Using the Adolescent Pathways Project data, this study explores how such participation relates to course performance. We find that a large percentage of youth are minimally or uninvolved in extracurricular activities during these years; that participation varies within youth across time; and that the association between participation and course performance varies by activity setting. Youth who participate frequently in community or athletic settings or have high participation in two or more settings are found to have higher GPAs in the year in which they participate and youth who participate frequently in the religious setting are found to have lower GPAs. High participation in more than two settings may be detrimental.
Influence of Storage on Physicochemical and Volatile Features of Enriched and Aromatized Wax Organogels
Authors: Öğütcü Mustafa , Yılmaz Emin , Güneşer Onur 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, virgin olive oil (VOO) organogels were produced with beeswax (BW) and sunflower wax (SW) and enriched with β‐carotene, vitamin D3 and E as well as aromatized with strawberry, banana, and butter aromas. The physicochemical, thermal, structural, and sensorial properties of the fresh organogel samples were determined. The peroxide values, antioxidant activities, firmness, and volatile compositions of the fresh samples and those stored for 3 months were also determined. The organogels were not only stable, uniform, and homogenous during the storage period but also the added components did not affect the organogel properties. The panel defined three appearance, four texture, three mouthfeel, four aroma, and four flavor terms to describe the organogels sensorially. Moreover, the added aroma (banana, strawberry, and diacetyl‐butter) components of the fresh and stored organogels were quantified by GC/MS‐SPME. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that beeswax and sunflower wax are very suitable to preserve the aromatic characteristics of these types of spreadable products.
Repair of post polypectomy colonic perforation by Endoclip: a case report
Authors: Hormati Ahmad , Ghadir Mohmad Reza , Alavinejad Pezhman , Sarkeshikian Seyed Saeed , Modares Mahdi Pezeshki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA 73-year-old woman was admitted to evaluate for iron deficiency anemia, increased serum creatinine, and ascites. Her colonoscopy revealed a polyp at the junction of sigmoid and descending colon, and after polypectomy, a 6 mm colonic perforation was seen. The perforation was detected by radiography and CT scan; and beside conservative management and antibiotics, her perforation was closed by using Endoclip. The patient was observed and discharged from hospital without any surgery 5 days later, and in follow-up there was no problem regarding perforation.
REHABILITATING DEMOCRACY: RESTORING CIVIL RIGHTS AND LEADING THE NEXT HUMAN RIGHTS REVOLUTION
Authors: Franklin Robert M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article describes the culture of activist black Christian congregations that propelled campaigns to dismantle legalized racial segregation and advocate for equal justice. Historically, as the imperfections of American democracy were exposed, the most marginal people in the society acted persistently and repeatedly to extend the benefits of democracy to all citizens. The article highlights the distinctive social and intellectual contributions of the secular activist W. E. B. Du Bois and social gospel minister Martin Luther King. The author sees the contemporary discussion and faith-based mobilization around reversing mass incarceration as an outgrowth of the civil rights movement. Finally, the article suggests that leadership for the next global human rights revolution is likely to emerge from students and young leaders who are committed to radically inclusive conceptions of democracy, equality, and social justice.
New trepostomate bryozoans from the Upper Ordovician of Morocco and the temperature influence on zooid size
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Andrea , Villas Enrique , Vennin Enmanuelle 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNew Upper Ordovician trepostomate bryozoans from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco have been identified. They have been collected from the lower and intermediate units of the Khabt-el-Hajar Formation, late Katian in age, representing, respectively, bryozoan-pelmatozoan meadows with siliciclastic input, degraded by wave activity in a mid-ramp setting, and outer-ramp environments with marly substrates. Ten species of the generaCyphotrypa,Calloporella,Diplotrypa,Parvohallopora,Dekayia, andAostiporaare described. Of them, three species are new:Cyphotrypa regularisJiménez-Sánchez,Parvohallopora cystataJiménez-Sánchez, andAostipora elongataJiménez-Sánchez. Univariate statistical analyses of the sub-polar Moroccan species, in addition to other congeneric species of high, middle, and low latitudes, corroborate that for the trepostomate bryozoan the temperature of the ambient water was a primary control on zooecium size variations. Nevertheless, other environmental factors, besides temperature, must have also influenced significantly the zooid size, at least in low latitudes. Our data also give further support for considering the zooecium wall thickness as a limiting factor for the zooid size increment with latitude in the trepostomates.
Dumela Mma: an examination of resilience among South African grandmothers raising grandchildren
Authors: DOLBIN-MACNAB MEGAN L. , JARROTT SHANNON E. , MOORE LYN E. , O'HORA KENDRA A. , DE CHAVONNES VRUGT MARIETTE , ERASMUS MYRTLE 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTGrandmothers serve as primary care-givers for a significant number of South African children. Previous research has documented that South African grandmothers experience physical, financial, emotional and social adversity. However, less attention has been given to South African grandmothers' resilience, or their capacity to respond to the challenges associated with raising their grandchildren. Utilising Walsh's (2003; 2012) family resilience model, this qualitative study examined resilience and resilient processes among 75 Black South African grandmothers raising grandchildren. Grandmothers participated in structured interviews during a weekly visit to a local luncheon (social) club. Results indicated that the grandmothers perceived themselves as engaging in a number of resilient processes, including relying on their spirituality, accessing sources of instrumental support, and seeking emotional support and companionship from their grandchildren and larger communities. Grandmothers also believed that focusing on their grandchildren contributed to their sense of resilience. This involved maintaining a sense of responsibility to their grandchildren, having hope for their grandchildren's futures and finding enjoyment in the grandmother–grandchild relationship. The findings reveal that, by engaging in various resilient processes, South African grandmothers raising grandchildren perceive themselves and their families as having strategies they can utilise in order to successfully cope with adversity. Findings also highlight the need for prevention and intervention efforts designed to promote grandmothers' resilience, as well as the resilience of their grandchildren.
In search of Karl Polanyi’s International Relations theory
Authors: Dale Gareth 
Published: September 2015

AbstractKarl Polanyi is principally known as an economic historian and a theorist of international political economy. His theses are commonly encountered in debates concerning globalisation, regionalism, regulation and deregulation, and neoliberalism. But the standard depiction of his ideas is based upon a highly restricted corpus of his work: essentially, his published writings, in English, from the 1940s and 1950s. Drawing upon a broader range of Polanyi’s work in Hungarian, German, and English, this article examines his less well-known analyses of international politics and world order. It sketches the main lineaments of Polanyi’s international thought from the 1910s until the mid-1940s, charting his evolution from Wilsonian liberal, via debates within British pacifism, towards a position close to E. H. Carr’s realism. It reconstructs the dialectic of universalism and regionalism in Polanyi’s prospectus for postwar international order, with a focus upon his theory of ‘tame empires’ and its extension by neo-Polanyian theorists of the ‘new regionalism’ and European integration. It explores the tensions and contradictions in Polanyi’s analysis, and, finally, it hypothesises that the failure of his postwar predictions provides a clue as to why his research on international relations dried up in the 1950s.
Police assistance as foreign policy: Explaining donor practices
Authors: FRIESENDORF CORNELIUS 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPolice assistance is an important, albeit understudied aspect of foreign policy. While many scholars have studied international and transnational policing, it remains largely unknown why donor police forces often support their colleagues in fragile states in different ways. This article discusses a variety of potential explanations of police assistance: a domestic rational actor model; a constructivist focus on international norms; and theories on the use of force by democracies. While all of these explanations are relevant, this article shows that they remain incomplete without studying police organisations and how these implement assistance on the ground. As the organisational cultures of donor police agencies differ, so do their assistance practices. The case of German and Italian police assistance in Afghanistan illustrates the relevance of an organisational approach: despite operating in the same environment, German police officers promoted civilian and Italian Carabinieri militarised policing. The article stresses that explaining security assistance, an important form of indirect intervention in fragile states, requires zooming in on policy implementation and policy implementers.
Population trends in Himalayan Griffon in Upper Mustang, Nepal, before and after the ban on diclofenac
Authors: PAUDEL KHADANANDA , AMANO TATSUYA , ACHARYA RAJU , CHAUDHARY ANAND , BARAL HEM S. , BHUSAL KRISHNA P. , CHAUDHARY ISHWARI P. , GREEN RHYS E. , CUTHBERT RICHARD J. , GALLIGAN TOBY H. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Upper Mustang region of Nepal holds important breeding populations of Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis. Despite this species being considered ‘Least Concern’ on the IUCN Red List, the population in Upper Mustang had declined substantially in the early to mid-2000s. During that period, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac was commonly used to treat illness and injury in domesticated ungulates throughout Nepal. The timing and magnitude of declines in Himalayan Griffon in Upper Mustang resemble the declines in resident populations of the ‘Critically Endangered’ White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis and Slender-billed Vulture Gyps tenuirostris in Nepal, both of which are also known to be highly sensitive to diclofenac. Since 2006, the veterinary use of diclofenac has been banned in Nepal to prevent further vulture declines. In this paper, we analyse the population trend in Himalayan Griffon in Upper Mustang between 2002 and 2014 and show a partial recovery. We conclude that the decline is now occurring at a slower rate than previously observed and immigration from areas where diclofenac was either not or rarely used the probable explanation for the recovery observed.
Examining the relationship between vegetable intake of mothers and that of their children: a cross-sectional study of 10- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Japan
Authors: Tada Yuki , Tomata Yasutake , Sunami Ayaka , Yokoyama Yuri , Hida Azumi , Furusho Tadasu , Kawano Yukari 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the correlation between mothers’ and children’s vegetable intake and whether children are conscious about their vegetable intake.DesignCross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires for mothers and children, consisting of items regarding diet history, were distributed to children via homeroom teachers. We created dummy exposure variables for each quartile of mothers’ vegetable intake. Multiple regression analysis was performed with children’s vegetable intake as the outcome variable.SettingTwo public elementary schools in a residential district of Tokyo, Japan.SubjectsStudy participants were upper-grade children (aged 10–12 years) and their mothers (332 pairs of mothers and children).ResultsThe mean vegetable intake in mothers and children was 310 (sd145) g/d and 276 (sd105) g/d, respectively. A positive linear relationship was found between mothers’ and children’s vegetable intake even after adjustment for considerable covariates (P<0·001). When stratified by children’s consciousness, the positive linear relationship was more pronounced in children who were conscious of eating all their vegetables (P<0·001 for interaction with children’s consciousness).ConclusionsMothers’ vegetable intake was significantly correlated with children’s vegetable intake. However, this correlation was stronger in children who were conscious of eating all their vegetables. Our findings suggest that enhancing mother’s vegetable intake and health consciousness of children are indispensable prerequisites for increasing vegetable intake among children.
10 Posted Workers in Europe from a Private International Law Perspective
Authors: Merrett Louise 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCases involving the posting of workers will inevitably involve international elements and therefore issues of private international law. Historically, it has been assumed that English employment law is territorial: in particular section 204 of the Employment Rights Act 1996 provides that the provisions of the Act apply irrespective of the law applicable to the contract. This contribution examines this proposition through the perspective of private international law principles, and also considers the compatibility of section 204 with the private international law rules in the Posted Workers Directive and the new definition of overriding mandatory rules in the Rome I Regulation.
The Public Procurement Rules in Action: An Empirical Exploration of Social Impact and Ideology
Authors: Ludlow Amy 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGovernments are increasingly turning to the market to provide public goods, works and (perhaps most controversially) services. Markets, and market values, have come to govern our lives as never before and the financial crisis appears to have done little to dampen governments’ faiths in markets. The public procurement rules define some of the parameters within which governments must engage with the market but the ideology of these rules, particularly how much ‘space’ they afford Member States to pursue non-commercial policies in their procurement decision-making, is deeply contested. This chapter argues that there is a missing empirical dimension to these ideological discussions. It seeks to partially redress this by presenting findings from an ethnographic study of a competitive tendering exercise at a British prison, from which it is argued that a more complex ideological picture emerges than appears from doctrinal analyses of the rules.
The Legal Framework for New Economic Governance and its Implications for Wage Policy Learning
Authors: Dahan Samuel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis chapter examines the implications of the new European economic governance framework from a policy-learning point of view. It is argued that a new form of EU learning influence has emerged in the wake of the EMU legal and institutional crisis. The author takes the view that an inherent asymmetry in the EMU, namely the presence of a unified monetary policy without a commensurate coordination of social policy and wage-setting mechanisms, contributed to the development of the crisis. The latent consequences of this flaw—diverging (wage) growth and cost competitiveness—were brought into full view when the global financial crisis struck. In response, new wage governance instruments were established in order to exert learning pressure on wage development and wage-setting systems in the EU. The substantive orientation of this new framework is examined with an eye to determining whether it qualifies as a learning process under which wage and spending cuts supplant the role of currency depreciation as a means of addressing external economic shocks and competitiveness gaps. Finally, drawing on recent findings concerning the workings of the ‘European Semester’, the chapter assesses whether the new economic governance reforms are already generating learning outcomes at the domestic level.
Thermodynamic phase transitions in a frustrated magnetic metamaterial
Authors: Anghinolfi L. , Luetkens H. , Perron J. , Flokstra M. G. , Sendetskyi O. , Suter A. , Prokscha T. , Derlet P. M. , Lee S. L. , Heyderman L. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMaterials with interacting magnetic degrees of freedom display a rich variety of magnetic behaviour that can lead to novel collective equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium phenomena. In equilibrium, thermodynamic phases appear with the associated phase transitions providing a characteristic signature of the underlying collective behaviour. Here we create a thermally active artificial kagome spin ice that is made up of a large array of dipolar interacting nanomagnets and undergoes phase transitions predicted by microscopic theory. We use low energy muon spectroscopy to probe the dynamic behaviour of the interacting nanomagnets and observe peaks in the muon relaxation rate that can be identified with the critical temperatures of the predicted phase transitions. This provides experimental evidence that a frustrated magnetic metamaterial can be engineered to admit thermodynamic phases.
Impaired PIEZO1 function in patients with a novel autosomal recessive congenital lymphatic dysplasia
Authors: Lukacs Viktor , Mathur Jayanti , Mao Rong , Bayrak-Toydemir Pinar , Procter Melinda , Cahalan Stuart M. , Kim Helen J. , Bandell Michael , Longo Nicola , Day Ronald W. , Stevenson David A. , Patapoutian Ardem , Krock Bryan L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPiezo1 ion channels are mediators of mechanotransduction in several cell types including the vascular endothelium, renal tubular cells and erythrocytes. Gain-of-function mutations in PIEZO1 cause an autosomal dominant haemolytic anaemia in humans called dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis. However, the phenotypic consequence of PIEZO1 loss of function in humans has not previously been documented. Here we discover a novel role of this channel in the lymphatic system. Through whole-exome sequencing, we identify biallelic mutations in PIEZO1 (a splicing variant leading to early truncation and a non-synonymous missense variant) in a pair of siblings affected with persistent lymphoedema caused by congenital lymphatic dysplasia. Analysis of patients’ erythrocytes as well as studies in a heterologous system reveal greatly attenuated PIEZO1 function in affected alleles. Our results delineate a novel clinical category of PIEZO1-associated hereditary lymphoedema.
Measuring the mechanical properties of molecular conformers
Authors: Jarvis S. P. , Taylor S. , Baran J. D. , Champness N. R. , Larsson J. A. , Moriarty P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractScanning probe-actuated single molecule manipulation has proven to be an exceptionally powerful tool for the systematic atomic-scale interrogation of molecular adsorbates. To date, however, the extent to which molecular conformation affects the force required to push or pull a single molecule has not been explored. Here we probe the mechanochemical response of two tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin conformers using non-contact atomic force microscopy where we find a large difference between the lateral forces required for manipulation. Remarkably, despite sharing very similar adsorption characteristics, variations in the potential energy surface are capable of prohibiting probe-induced positioning of one conformer, while simultaneously permitting manipulation of the alternative conformational form. Our results are interpreted in the context of dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations which reveal significant differences in the diffusion barriers for each conformer. These results demonstrate that conformational variation significantly modifies the mechanical response of even simple porpyhrins, potentially affecting many other flexible molecules.