bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring expressed emotion and its influencing factors among family caregivers of dementia people: a 3‐month study in Japan
Authors: Liu Xiaoji , Kanaya Reiko , Shigenobu Kazue , Takiue Keigo , Mo Wenping , Koujiya Eriko , Takeya Yasushi , Yamakawa Miyae 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFamily caregivers of dementia patients face significant challenges, including managing their own emotional responses. Understanding factors influencing expressed emotion (EE) is crucial for effective support interventions. The aim of this study was to explore and describe changes in EE among family caregivers of dementia and its associated factors at different time points over 3 months.MethodsA 3‐month observational study was conducted in Japan. We collected demographically detailed data on family caregivers currently providing care, including care burden, relationship closeness, and depression. We assessed EE using the validated Family Attitude Scale (FAS). After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess factors affecting EE at various time points. Linear regression analysis with generalised estimating equations was used to assess associations between 3‐month time‐varying EE and burden, intimacy, and depression.ResultsFifty‐six family caregivers completed the study. Changes in FAS scores did not show statistical differences over 3 months. It is worth noting that the degree of relationship closeness and care burden are important influencing factors of EE in both cross‐sectional analysis and longitudinal analysis.ConclusionsEarly identification of risk factors can aid in developing interventions aimed at preventing high levels of EE in the dementia family, thereby mitigating their detrimental effects. Tailored interventions are essential to enhance caregiver well‐being and cultivate positive caregiver–patient relationships.
Can transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation mitigate vigilance loss? Examining the effects of stimulation at individualized versus constant current intensity
Authors: Luna Fernando G. , Lupiáñez Juan , König Stefanie , Garscha Ulrike , Fischer Rico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccording to the arousal model of vigilance, the locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine (LC‐NE) system modulates sustained attention over long periods by regulating physiological arousal. Recent research has proposed that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) modulates indirect physiological markers of LC‐NE activity, although its effects on vigilance have not yet been examined. Aiming to develop a safe and noninvasive procedure to prevent vigilance failures in prolonged tasks, the present study examined whether taVNS can mitigate vigilance loss while modulating indirect markers of LC‐NE activity. Following a preregistered protocol (https://osf.io/tu2xy/), 50 participants completed three repeated sessions in a randomized order, in which either active taVNS at individualized intensity set by participant, active taVNS set at 0.5 mA for all participants, or sham taVNS, was delivered while performing an attentional and vigilance task (i.e., ANTI‐Vea). Changes in salivary alpha‐amylase and cortisol concentrations were measured as markers of LC‐NE activity. Self‐reports of feelings associated with stimulation and guessing rate of active/sham conditions supported the efficacy of the single‐blind procedure. Contrary to our predictions, the observed vigilance decrement was not modulated by active taVNS. Pairwise comparisons showed a mitigation by active taVNS on cortisol reduction across time. Interestingly, Spearman's correlational analyses showed some interindividual effects of taVNS on indirect markers of LC‐NE, evidenced by positive associations between changes in salivary alpha‐amylase and cortisol in active but not sham taVNS. We highlight the relevance of replicating and extending the present outcomes, investigating further parameters of stimulation and its effects on other indirect markers of LC‐NE activity.
Exposed Aquaculture Operations: Strategies for Safety and Fish Welfare
Authors: Bjelland Hans Vanhauwaert , Folkedal Ole , Føre Heidi Moe , Grøtli Esten Ingar , Holmen Ingunn Marie , Lona Eivind , Slette Hans Tobias , Størkersen Kristine Vedal , Thorvaldsen Trine 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe expansion of aquaculture production into more exposed harsh and remote ocean environments presents both new opportunities and challenges. To manage the complexities of exposed operations, research into fish welfare, personnel safety, and facilitating technology is thus of key importance. This paper reviews recent research advances in the areas of safety, fish welfare, and technology, while the focus is on the Norwegian salmon farming industry, the results could benefit exposed fish farming internationally. Regarding fish welfare, the study summarizes the current knowledge status of salmon coping abilities and welfare indicators in strong currents and waves. On the safety front, there has been significant progress in operational safety management, accident analysis, and emergency preparedness, all of which are crucial for human personnel in these demanding settings. Human safety and fish welfare also rely on structures and equipment, and recent research results include advances in environmental load analysis, vessel design, simulations of fish farms. Notably, the development of contact‐free, autonomous lifting operations, and hole detection methods represents a significant leap in maintaining aquaculture infrastructure. This multidisciplinary study underscores the need for integrated research approaches to address exposed aquaculture, emphasizing that while recent innovations have enhanced safety and robustness, ongoing research and new strategies are critical for safety and fish welfare in exposed aquaculture operations.
Exploring the Nexus of Steroidal Hormone Receptor, Uterine VEGF Expression and NADPH‐d Interaction in Buffalo Uterus During Oestrous Cycle With Seasonal Variation
Authors: Dehury Sagarika , Uppal Varinder , Pathak Devendra , Gupta Anuradha 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe reproductive efficiency in buffalo is highly influenced by seasonal variability. Angiogenesis in the reproductive cycle is important for optimal physiological functioning of uterus. Estrogen receptor‐α (ERα), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase diaphorase (NADPH‐d) are vital indicators for the uterine angiogenic process. This study was conducted to see the effect of season on the expression of different uterine angiogenic factors. Season wise (winter and summer) and phase wise (follicular and luteal), immune staining intensity of buffalo uterus was measured by calculating the optical density value (OD) for ERα and VEGF. Percentage of immuno‐positive cell count for ERα was done. Histoenzymic NADPH‐d expression was analysed. Expression of all these factors increased during follicular phase of oestrous cycle in order to support the angiogenesis; however, the expression was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in term of OD value as well as percentage count of immuno‐positive cells during summer season indicating lower angiogenic activity that subsequently affected reproduction in buffalo.
Genotyping of Holstein Cows by SELL, MX1 and CXCR1 Gene Loci Associated With Mastitis Resistance
Authors: Muslimova Zhadyra , Abdualiyeva Assem , Shaugimbayeva Nurzhan , Orynkhanov Kanat , Ussenbekov Yessengali 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMastitis is a significant factor that decreases milk production in cows of different breeds in Kazakhstan. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic makeup of Holstein cows by analysing specific gene loci (SELL, MX1, CXCR1+291C>T and CXCR1+1093C>T) that are linked to resistance against mastitis. The goal was to identify cows with favourable genotypes that are less prone to udder diseases. At the SELL gene locus c.567T>C, all three genetic variants were identified in the control population with the respective frequencies: TT (0.20), CT (0.44), and CC (0.36). Genetic variation was also detected at the MX1 gene c.567T>C, CXCR1 c.+291C>T and CXCR1+1093C>T loci. Deviation from the expected Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed for two gene loci, MX1 g.143182088 and CXCR1+1093C>T, with increased chi‐square values of 10.6261 and 9.7137, respectively. The analysis of subclinical mastitis incidence indicates that cows carrying the heterozygous CT genotype at the L‐selectin gene locus exhibit greater resistance to the disease. Animals carrying the CCCCCT genotype at the MX1 c.567T>C, CXCR1 c.+291C>T and CXCR1+1093C>T gene loci were discovered to have a significant likelihood of developing subclinical mastitis. This suggests that these genes could serve as potential indicators of susceptibility to the condition. The practical significance of this study lies in determining the frequency of genotypes linked to mammary gland morbidity in Holstein breeding farms in Kazakhstan.
Religion and female labor force participation in India
Authors: Kar Sujata 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper primarily aims to identify the impact of religion on currently working women in India by considering the National Family Health Survey 2015–2016 data. It also incorporates several socioeconomics variables as controls. The models are estimated with aggregate as well as disaggregated urban–rural as well as zonal data. The results suggest that compared to the Hindus, Christian and Buddhist women have higher odds of labor force participation and Muslim and Sikh women have lower odds. Extensive analysis of the data indicates that economic well‐being among the Sikhs and the status of being married among the Muslims could be the primary factors responsible for their lower workforce participation. Additionally, lower age, lower education, better economic well‐being, the status of being married, large family size, having only one child, male household heads, and younger children are associated with lower workforce participation. Furthermore, education seems to be more accessible to women from urban areas and wealthier sections. Based on these observations, the study recommends devising policies for greater provisions for higher education in rural areas and among the poorer sections of society. Also, imparting awareness and developing an understanding of the importance of female labor force participation is crucial to improve women's labor force participation in India.
Determinants and international transmission of interest rates: Do foreign reserves and sovereign debt matter?
Authors: Afonso António , Huart Florence , Jalles João Tovar , Stanek Piotr 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe analyze the role of international reserves and sovereign debt in the determination and international transmission of interest rates. We develop a model that describes the money market equilibrium with capital account openness. It predicts that higher levels of international reserves lead to lower interest rates whereas the effect of higher government debt is ambiguous. We then test empirically these predictions on a panel of 128 countries over 1985–2019. We find that: (i) the transmission of U.S. interest rates to domestic interest rates is stronger in emerging market economies (EMEs) than in advanced economies (AEs) for short‐term interest rates (STIR), and vice versa for long‐term interest rates (LTIR); (ii) international reserves help counteract the transmission of the U.S. policy rate on STIR in EMEs; (iii) a higher sovereign debt level is associated with lower interest rates in EMEs (liquidity effect), but higher interest rates in developing economies (risk premium effect).
Mechanism of action of montmorillonite powder on injury and repair factors in Stage II pressure ulcers in model mice
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Zhao Jinying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of montmorillonite powder on wound healing in mice with Stage II pressure ulcers, thereby providing a robust foundation for its clinical application in the treatment of such ulcers.Materials and methodsSixty 8‐week‐old specific pathogen‐free male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into three groups: a model group (where Stage II pressure ulcers were induced using the magnet pressure method and the wounds were dressed with gauze soaked in 0.9% sodium chloride solution), a treatment group (where, following the induction of Stage II pressure ulcer models, wounds were uniformly treated with montmorillonite powder), and a control group (where magnets were placed in the same location without exerting magnetic pressure). Skin histopathology was assessed via light microscopy. Wound healing progress over various intervals was quantified utilizing Image‐Pro Plus software. Histopathological alterations in the wounds were examined through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of growth factor proteins within the wound tissue was analyzed using the streptavidin–peroxidase method. Furthermore, the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen types I and III (COL‐I, COL‐III) proteins were quantified via Western blotting, serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators in mice were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the levels of oxidative stress markers in wound tissues were measured using UV‐visible spectrophotometry.ResultsThe treatment group exhibited significantly reduced serum levels of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and elevated levels of interleukin‐4 compared to the model group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of transforming growth factor‐beta1, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, VEGF, COL‐I, and COL‐III proteins in wound tissues was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the model group (p < 0.05). Levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in wound tissues were higher, and levels of malondialdehyde were lower in the treatment group compared to the model group (p < 0.05).ConclusionMontmorillonite powder facilitates wound healing and augments the healing rate of Stage II pressure ulcers in model mice. Its mechanism of action is likely associated with mitigating wound inflammation, reducing oxidative stress damage, promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing the synthesis of growth factors and collagen.
Molecular insights into OPR gene family in Saccharum identified a ScOPR2 gene could enhance plant disease resistance
Authors: Sun Tingting , Wu Qibin , Zang Shoujian , Zou Wenhui , Wang Dongjiao , Wang Wenzhi , Shen Linbo , Zhang Shuzhen , Su Yachun , Que Youxiong 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY12‐Oxo‐phytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) perform vital functions in plants. However, few studies have been reported in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and it is of great significance to systematically investigates it in sugarcane. Here, 61 ShOPRs, 32 SsOPRs, and 36 SoOPRs were identified from R570 (Saccharum spp. hybrid cultivar R570), AP85‐441 (Saccharum spontaneum), and LA‐purple (Saccharum officinarum), respectively. These OPRs were phylogenetically classified into four groups, with close genes similar structures. During evolution, OPR gene family was mainly expanded via whole‐genome duplications/segmental events and predominantly underwent purifying selection, while sugarcane OPR genes may function differently in response to various stresses. Further, ScOPR2, a tissue‐specific OPR, which was localized in cytoplasm and cell membrane and actively response to salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate, and smut pathogen (Sporisorium scitamineum) stresses, was cloned from sugarcane. In addition, both its transient overexpression and stable overexpression enhanced the resistance of transgenic plants to pathogen infection, most probably through activating pathogen‐associated molecular pattern/pattern‐recognition receptor‐triggered immunity, producing reactive oxygen species, and initiating mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade. Subsequently, the transmission of SA and hypersensitive reaction were triggered, which stimulated the transcription of defense‐related genes. These findings provide insights into the function of ScOPR2 gene for disease resistance.
Evaluation of the Amount of Compounded Chemotherapy Drugs: A Comparison Between Nine Compounding Pharmacies
Authors: Bajorek Samantha R. , Hazzah Trina N. , Chretin John D. , Mills Tracy N. , McKee Talon S. , Frank Jennifer R. , Benvin‐Guzzo Jessica L. , Clifton Kary A. , Bergman Philip J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of compounded formulations of chemotherapy in veterinary medicine is common. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drug amount of two compounded chemotherapeutics (chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide) from multiple veterinary compounding pharmacies, to determine if there was a difference in drug amounts between those that came from 503A versus 503B pharmacies, and finally to determine heterogeneity in drug amounts within each individual pharmacy. Nine veterinary compounding pharmacies (eight 503A, one 503B) were sampled in total, with two different batches sampled from each pharmacy. Each capsule's actual concentration was compared to the intended (prescribed) concentration. Of the 68 total samples obtained, 20 (29%) tested outside the FDA‐acceptable discrepancy of ±10%. Of these, 12 (60%) were chlorambucil and 8 (40%) were cyclophosphamide. 503A cyclophosphamide samples had an average discrepancy of 6.6% from the intended dose while samples from the 503B pharmacy had a discrepancy of 1.8%. 503A chlorambucil samples had an average discrepancy of 10.4% from the intended dose while samples from the 503B pharmacy had a discrepancy of 9.6%. Heterogeneity within the same pharmacy and batch ranged from 0.1% to 51% for the 503A pharmacies and 2.6% to 7.5% for the 503B pharmacy. Heterogeneity between different batches within the same pharmacy ranged from 0.4% to 58.3% for the 503A pharmacies and 5% to 14.8% for the 503B pharmacy. Although the drug amounts of compounded cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil manufactured by the 503B compounding pharmacy was more reliably maintained compared to that compounded by the 503A pharmacies, there was ultimately still potential for variability in drug amounts regardless of the pharmacy designation.
Use of preoperative erythropoietin‐stimulating agents is associated with decreased thrombotic adverse events compared to red blood cell transfusion in surgical patients with anaemia
Authors: Choi Una E. , Nicholson Ryan C. , Frank Steven M. , Cha Stephanie , Cho Brian C. , Lawton Jennifer S. , Lester Laeben C. , Hensley Nadia B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPreoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusions increase post‐operative venous thromboembolic (VTE) events. Erythropoietin‐stimulating agents (ESAs) increase VTE risk in cancer patients; we aimed to assess ESA versus RBC‐associated VTE risks in a broad population of surgical patients.Materials and MethodsWe queried TriNetX Diamond Network from 2006 to 2023, comparing patients with anaemia within 3 months preoperatively who received preoperative ESAs with or without intravenous (IV) iron to patients who received preoperative RBCs. Sub‐analyses included (1) all surgeries and (2) cardiovascular surgeries.We propensity score matched for demographics, comorbidities, medical services, post‐treatment haemoglobin (g/dL) and, for all‐surgery comparisons, surgery type. Outcomes included 30‐day post‐operative mortality, VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and haemoglobin.ResultsIn our 19,548‐patient cohorts, compared with preoperative RBC transfusion, ESAs without IV iron were associated with lower mortality (relative risk [RR] = 0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45–0.59]), VTE (RR = 0.57 [0.50–0.65]) and PE (RR = 0.67 [0.54–0.84]). Post‐operative haemoglobin was higher in the ESA without IV iron cohort compared with the transfusion cohort (10.0 ± 1.4 vs. 9.4 ± 1.8 g/dL, p = 0.002). Cardiac surgical patients receiving ESAs with or without IV iron had lower risk for post‐operative mortality, VTE and PE (p < 0.001) than those receiving RBCs. Post‐operative haemoglobin differed between patients receiving ESAs with IV iron versus RBCs (10.1 ± 1.5 vs. 9.4 ± 1.9 g/dL, p = 0.0009).ConclusionCompared with surgical patients who were transfused RBCs, ESA recipients had reduced 30‐day post‐operative risk of mortality, VTE, PE and DIC and increased haemoglobin levels. IV iron given with ESAs improved mortality.
Use of cannulated screws in the treatment of unicondylar humeral condylar fractures in dogs
Authors: Whyte MacKenzie A. , Murphy Sean M. , Won Wade W. , Weng Hsin‐Yi , Malek Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe unicondylar humeral fracture (UHF) repair using cannulated transcondylar screws, report postoperative fracture reduction, healing, and complication rates.Study designRetrospective.AnimalsA total of 49 client owned dogs with UHF.MethodsSurgical technique and approach (i.e., open, limited open, or minimally invasive) were recorded. Articular step defect (ASD) and gap (Gap) at the humeral condylar articular surface were measured on pre‐ and postoperative images and reported as percentages. Fracture healing was graded on follow‐up radiographs. Functional outcome was based on client questionnaire over the phone. General linear models were used to assess the impact of surgical approach on %ASD, %Gap, whereas Cox regression was used to assess prognostic factors of full fracture healing.ResultsA total of 49 fractures repaired with a transcondylar screw with or without an antirotational pin(s) were included. Surgical approach did not have an impact on postoperative %ASD, %Gap or development of complications. The overall complication rate was 26% (11/42), with no revision surgery necessary. Of the dogs that encountered complications, 50% required pin and/or screw removal after fracture healing. For 29 dogs with a minimum of four‐month owner telephone questionnaire follow‐up, 90% reported no lameness and only three reported intermittent lameness. Achieving complete fracture healing was affected by increased postoperative %ASD (p = .033).ConclusionThe UHFs repaired by transcondylar cannulated screws had acceptable outcomes and fracture reduction with complication rates being similar regardless of the surgical approach.Clinical significanceCannulated screws can be implanted with varying surgical approaches to successfully repair UHFs with comparable clinical outcome to previous reports.