bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic layer deposition of biobased nanostructured interfaces for energy, environmental and health applications
Authors: Bechelany Mikhael , Balme Sebastien , Miele Philippe 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The most fundamental phenomena in the immobilising of biomolecules on the nanostructured materials for energy, environmental and health applications are the control of interfaces between the nanostructures/nanopores and the immobilized biomaterials. Thus, the throughput of all those biobased nanostructured materials and devices can be improved or controlled by the enhanced geometric area of the nanostructured interfaces if an efficient immobilization of the biomolecules is warranted. In this respect, an accurate control of the geometry (size, porosity, etc.) and interfaces is primordial to finding the delicate balance between large/control interface areas and good immobilization conditions. Here, we will show how the atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used as a tool for the creation of controlled nanostructured interfaces in which the geometry can be tuned accurately and the dependence of the physical-chemical properties on the geometric parameters can be studied systematically in order to immobilize biomolecules. We will show mainly examples of how these methods can be used to create single nanopores for mass spectroscopy and DNA sequencing, and membrane for gas separation and water treatment in which the performance varies with the nanostructure morphologies/interfaces and the immobilization conditions.
Biofabrication of 3D constructs: fabrication technologies and spider silk proteins as bioinks
Authors: DeSimone Elise , Schacht Kristin , Jungst Tomasz , Groll Jürgen , Scheibel Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Despite significant investment in tissue engineering over the past 20 years, few tissue engineered products have made it to market. One of the reasons is the poor control over the 3D arrangement of the scaffold’s components. Biofabrication is a new field of research that exploits 3D printing technologies with high spatial resolution for the simultaneous processing of cells and biomaterials into 3D constructs suitable for tissue engineering. Cell-encapsulating biomaterials used in 3D bioprinting are referred to as bioinks. This review consists of: (1) an introduction of biofabrication, (2) an introduction of 3D bioprinting, (3) the requirements of bioinks, (4) existing bioinks, and (5) a specific example of a recombinant spider silk bioink. The recombinant spider silk bioink will be used as an example because its unmodified hydrogel format fits the basic requirements of bioinks: to be printable and at the same time cytocompatible. The bioink exhibited both cytocompatible (self-assembly, high cell viability) and printable (injectable, shear-thinning, high shape fidelity) qualities. Although improvements can be made, it is clear from this system that, with the appropriate bioink, many of the existing faults in tissue-like structures produced by 3D bioprinting can be minimized.
Photophysical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical investigation of electronicpush–pullbenzothiadiazole fluorophores
Authors: Wałęsa-Chorab Monika , Tremblay Marie-Hélène , Ettaoussi Mohamed , Skene William G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo electronicpush–pullfluorophores consisting of a benzothiadiazole core and a terminalN,N-dimethylamino electron donating group were prepared. The effect of the terminal electron withdrawing group (–NO2and –CN) on the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties were examined. The fluorophores were solvatochromic with Stokes shifts upward of 9000 cm−1being observed in aprotic solvents of varying polarity. It was found that the fluorophores fluoresced appreciably (86 % > Φfl> 18 %) in hexane, toluene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and THF. The fluorescence was quenched in acetonitrile, acetone, and DMSO. The fluorophores also fluoresced appreciably in thin films when embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrices. Protonating the terminal amine with trifluoroacetic acid quenched the intramolecular charge transfer band, although the fluorophores remained fluorescent. The fluorophores could also be reversibly oxidized electrochemically. The resulting oxidized state was visually different than the neutral form. Electrochemical oxidation also led to reversible changes in both the fluorescence wavelength and intensity.
The Literary Refugees of Timbuktu: How a Group of Unlikely Allies Thwarted Al Qaeda and Organized One of the Most Brazen Cultural Heritage Evacuations Ever Attempted
Authors: Commisso Corrie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFor centuries, Timbuktu, Mali, has quietly housed some of the greatest treasures of the ancient world: hundreds of thousands of scientific, literary, and religious manuscripts. But when Al Qaeda jihadists seized control of the city in the wake of a coup in 2012, the manuscripts found themselves in dire threat of destruction. To save them, a group of unlikely allies worked together to organize one of the most brazen evacuations of cultural heritage ever attempted . . . and succeeded in rescuing 95 % of Timbuktu’s ancient written heritage. In examining the story of the manuscripts, this article considers three areas—preparation, evacuation, and continued preservation—in which cultural heritage institutions can gain insight into the preservation of historical treasures in the midst of conflict.
Viscosity and Analytical Differences between Raw Milk and UHT Milk of Czech Cows
Authors: Kumbár V. , Nedomová Š. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Viscosity and analytical differences in four milk samples from Czech cows were described. Three samples of UHT milk (0.5%, 1.5%, and 3.5% fat) and one sample of raw milk from a Czech bio-farm were analyzed. The following analytical properties were observed: titratable acidity, fat content, dry matter content, and protein content. Titratable acidity and dry matter content decreased in dependence upon the increasing milk fat content. The protein content ranged 3.51-3.57 g per 100 g milk. The milk flow behaviour represented by density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, as well as the dependence of the milk flow behaviour on temperature were investigated. These properties were measured using a digital densitometer and a rotary viscometer. Milk density was studied at temperatures ranging 0-60 °C and dynamic viscosity at 0-100 °C. With increasing temperature, the density and dynamic viscosity of the studied milk samples decreased. The temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity was manifested in all samples. Kinematic viscosity was calculated from experimental data. Furthermore, mathematical models using Power law and Gaussian fitting were constructed. Determination coefficients achieved high values (0.843-0.997).
Criteria for defining the architectural form of wooden structures
Authors: Sečka Lukáš 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Currently we can see many instances, both new and old, where the roof and roof structure dominates the design concept and becomes an important part of the internal space of a building. Wooden structures in these cases directly define the architectural form and shape of the building. It is therefore a major component of architecture, which includes newly created spaces and is an essential defining element of the interior. To a large extent this influences the parameters defining the volume of space i.e. its form. Wooden roof structures, however, find application in many different positions and relations to the total volume of the construction, exterior and interior,... I will attempt to define the criteria under which wooden beams form an integral part of the architectural concept. And we challenge the facts on specific examples.
Assessing the effect of indoor environmental quality on productivity at office work
Authors: Budaiova Zdenka , Vilcekova Silvia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In a real environment makes it very difficult to evaluate the effect of a single parameter on human productivity, mostly because many of them are present at the same time and act together on each occupant. This study is aimed at investigation of selected office building to determine the presence of polluting agents such as volatile organic compounds, particulate matters and carbon dioxide and to assess the perceived productivity by office occupants. Occupants performed simulated office work consisting of three tasks in three office spaces. The mean values of total volatile organic compounds were in line with those found in other studies; taking into account the guideline value suggested by Molhave (200 μg.m-3). Mean values of PM10 mass concentrations exceeded the indoor limit value (50 μg.m-3) by 62.7% in office 1 and by 46.49% in reception. Concentrations of carbon dioxide in monitored office spaces were under the recommended concentration according to Pettenkofer (1800 mg.m-3).
The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Assess the Capacity of Transport Measures
Authors: Duchaczek Artur , Skorupka Dariusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the area of logistics management both managers and engineers rely primarily on proven computational algorithms, for this reason, it is often difficult to convince them to the use of artificial neural networks in solving decision problems. The paper presents the possibilities of using the FANN library in building of a computer application applied in the area of logistics. The possibilities of the component are presented on the example of applications of artificial neural networks to estimate the capacity of transport vehicles based on their dimensions. The example presented in the work was solved with the use of a multi-network Layered Perceptron. The example depicted not only the possibility of using artificial neural networks for solving poorly structured tasks but also practical application of the TFannNetwork component
Changing Social Structure in Europe calls for Tailor-made, Barrier-free Living and new Interior Design
Authors: Brausch Carsten , Katunský Dušan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Europe is experiencing a demographic change, resulting in a change in social structure. People are living longer and birth rates are declining. This changing structure in Europe poses special challenges for housing designers and builders. A new approach in the design of real estate must be created and implemented that caters for the future needs of the occupants of the living space in all phases and allows residents to remain self-sufficient in their "home" for as long as possible. In the earliest stages of design, the typical requirements for each phase of life of future, potential residents must already be considered. This is especially true for people with special protection needs, such as those with visual or hearing impairments.
Physico-technical measurement of green roof in climate chamber module
Authors: Baláž Richard , Bagoňa Miloslav 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Not for nothing it is said that "a good roof is priceless." Although it may lead to discussions, which roof is good, because there are a lot of requirements and criteria for the functional characterization. It must be understood that the roof structure defines the durability of the building as a unit, therefore it defines lifetime of other parts of the building and also the function of space that is covered by the roof. Therefore it is very important to pay particular attention to the design, as well as the realization of the roof structure. The aim of this publication is to judge the physical and technical parameters in the design of the roof coating module in a climatic chamber.
Electrical Conductivity of Molten SnCl2 at Temperature as High as 1314 K
Authors: Salyulev Alexander B. , Potapov Alexei M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of molten SnCl2 was measured in a wide temperature range (ΔT=763 K), from 551 K to temperature as high as 1314 K, that is, 391° above the boiling point of the salt. The specific electrical conductance was found to reach its maximum at 1143 K, after that it decreases with the temperature rising.
The future of archaeology in Africa
Authors: Pikirayi Innocent 
Published: July 2015

ARCHAEOLOGICAL FUTURESIn February's edition ofAntiquityKoji Mizoguchi launched our new feature, ‘Archaeological Futures’, with his thoughts on the regional traditions of archaeology in a globalised world. In this issue, Innocent Pikirayi, Professor of Archaeology at the University of Pretoria, continues the series with his reflections on archaeology in Africa. In particular, he focuses on the barriers that must be broken down in order to secure a relevant and meaningful future for the practice and dissemination of archaeology in this continent that was the cradle of humanity.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Scarre Chris 
Published: July 2015

Nimrud has been described as “not the largest of the ancient capitals of Assyria, but [. . .] undoubtedly one of the most beautiful archaeological sites in northern Iraq”. When Layard first visited it in 1840 “[t]he spring rains had clothed the mound with the richest verdure, and the fertile meadows, which stretched around it, were covered with flowers of every hue [. . .] My curiosity had been greatly excited, and from that time I formed the design of thoroughly examining, whenever it might be in my power, these singular ruins” (Layard 1849). Five years later he began excavations, discovering two royal palaces and some of the famous Nimrud ivories. In his second season, the first of the famous colossal winged bulls and lions came to light, standing at the entrance to the temple of Ninurta. Thus was Nimrud brought back to public gaze, after more than two and a half thousand years of neglect.
Estudio psicosocial sobre las representaciones sociales de género
Authors: Bruel dos Santos Teresa Cristina , Scarparo Helena Beatriz k. , Calvo Hernandez Aline Reis , Herranz Julia Sebastián , Blanco Amalio 
Published: July 2015

<p align="justify">Se presenta un estudio de las representaciones sociales acerca de lo masculino y lo femenino elaboradas por una muestra de 435 estudiantes de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Para el análisis de dichas representaciones se ha utilizado el método de Asociación Libre de Palabras a un conjunto de estímulos inductores. Los resultados del escalamiento multidimensional que asocia los siete estímulos inductores muestran dos claros campos semánticos: el primero, formado por los estímulos inductores desigualdad y violencia; el segundo, formado por los estímulos inductores <em>hombre, masculino, mujer, femenino. </em>La formación del campo semántico indica similitud, una relación de proximidad entre los términos asociados. Los análisis y la discusión de los hallazgos se centran en torno a las representaciones sociales de lo femenino y lo masculino, eje central del debate propuesto.</p><p> </p>
Association Between Hyponatremia and Higher Bronchiolitis Severity Among Children in the ICU With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Stevenson Michelle D. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Schroeder Alan R. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Espinola Janice A. , Piedra Pedro A. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
It remains unclear whether hyponatremia independently predicts a higher severity of bronchiolitis in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hyponatremia and bronchiolitis severity in children hospitalized in the ICU for bronchiolitis.

METHODS:
We conducted a 16-center, prospective cohort study of hospitalized children aged &lt;2 years with bronchiolitis during the winters of 2007 through 2010. Patients were classified into 2 groups (normonatremic [135–145 mEq/L] and hyponatremic [&lt;135 mEq/L]) based on the first-measured serum sodium concentration on the day of hospitalization. Outcomes were use of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay (LOS). To examine the association of sodium status with outcomes, we fit logistic and linear regression models with propensity score adjustment.

RESULTS:
Of 231 children hospitalized in the ICU for bronchiolitis, 193 (84%) were categorized into the normonatremic group and 38 (16%) into the hyponatremic group. Compared with children with normonatremia, those with hyponatremia had higher risks of mechanical ventilation use (40% vs 58%; P = .04) and longer ICU LOS (median, 3 vs 6 days; P = .007). Likewise, in the adjusted analyses, children with hyponatremia had significantly higher risks of mechanical ventilation use (odds ratio, 2.14 [95% confidence interval, 1.03–4.48; P = .04) and longer ICU LOS (β-coefficient, 2.21 days [95% confidence interval, 0.68–3.73; P = .005]).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this prospective, multicenter study of children hospitalized for bronchiolitis, hyponatremia on the day of hospitalization was associated with a higher severity of disease. Our data support hyponatremia as a prognostic factor that might improve the ability of clinicians to predict the disease course of children with severe bronchiolitis.
Determining Optimal Polypropylene Fiber Dosages In Sprayed Concrete For Mining And Civil Engineering Applications
Authors: Kahraman Bayram 
Published: July 2015

<p>In this study, experimental investigations were carried out on polypropylene fiber (PF), steel mesh (SM) and PF+SMreinforced shotcrete (RS) panels to evaluate performance characteristics of energy absorption and load capacity. Inaddition to this, material cost evaluation of shotcrete mixtures for unit energy absorption and load capacity has been given.The panel tests, along with the European specification for sprayed concrete (EFNARC), were done on 18 prismaticspecimens having the same mix designs and were cured for 28 days but reinforced at varying fiber dosages. Testresults indicate that in terms of unit cost performance for PF, the best dosages were 2 kg/m³ and 5 kg/m³ respectively.When compared with SM, it was determined that PF is more expensive within the range of 37 - 53%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>En este estudio se realizaron investigaciones experimentales en fibras de polipropileno, en mallas de acero y en paneles de hormigón proyectado reforzados con fibra de polipropileno y con mallas de acero para evaluar las características de desempeño en absorción de energía y en capacidad de carga. Adicionalmente, se provee una evaluación del costo de materiales en mezlas de hormigón proyectado por unidad de absorción de energía y por capacidad de carga. Los exámenes en paneles, con las especificaciones europeas para hormigón proyectado (EFNARC, inglés), se realizaron en 18 muestras prismáticas con los mismos diseños de mezcla y se curaron por 28 días con refuerzos de diferentes dosis de fibras. Los resultados de la evaluación indican que, en términos de desempeño por unidad de costo para fibras de polipropileno, las mejores dosis fueron 2 kg/m3 y 5 kg/m3, respectivamente. Cuando se comparó con las mallas de acero, se determinó que las fibras de polipropileno son entre el 37 % y el 53 % más caras.
Gis Based SCS - CN Method For Estimating Runoff In Kundahpalam Watershed, Nilgries District, Tamilnadu
Authors: Raja Viji 
Published: July 2015

<p>Divination and determination of catchment surface runoff are the most important contestable process of hydrology. Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number (SCS – CN) method is employed to estimate the runoff. It is one of the physical based and spatially distributed hydrological models. In this model, the curve number is a primary factor used for runoff calculation. The selection of curve number is based on the land use pattern and HSG (Hydrological Soil Group) present in the study area. Since the spatial distribution of CN estimation by the conventional way is very difficult and time consuming, the GIS (Geographic Information System) based CN method is generated for Kundapallam watershed. With the combination of land use and HSG the estimated composite CN for AMC (Antecedent Moisture Condition) I, AMC II and AMC III for the entire watershed was about 48, 68 and 83 respectively. The average annual runoff depth estimated by SCS-CN method for the average annual rainfall of 173.5 mm was found to be 72.5 mm. The obtained results were comparable to measured runoff in the watershed.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>La predicción y la determinación del caudal de escorrentía de una cuenca son procesos de amplio debate en la hidrología. El método coeficiente de escurrimiento, del Servicio de Conservación de Suelos (SCS-CN, inglés) fue utilizado en este trabajo para estimar la escorrentía. Este es uno de los modelos hidrológicos basados en conceptos físicos y distribución espacial. En este modelo el coeficiente de escurrimiento es un factor de relevancia para el cálculo de la escorrentía. La selección del coeficiente de escurrimiento está basada en los patrones del uso de la tierra y del Grupo de Suelos Hidrológicos (HSG, inglés) relativos a esta área de estudio. Debido a que la estimación del coeficiente de escurrimiento en la distribución espacial es compleja, para la cuenca Kundapallam se implementó un método a partir de un Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS, inglés), y basado en el coeficiente de escurrimiento. Con la combinación del uso de suelos y el HSG, la estimación compuesta del coeficiente de escurrimiento para el Antecedente de Condición de Humedad AMCI, AMCII y AMCIII para toda la cuenca fue de 48, 68 y 83. El promedio anual de escorrentía profunda estimada por el método SCS-CN con una media anual de lluvia de 173,5 mm fue de 72,5 mm. Los resultados fueron comparados con la escorrentía medida en la cuenca.