bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of postprandial blood glucose fluctuations by addition of glucagon like polypeptide‐analog administration to intensive insulin therapy
Authors: Ogawa Susumu , Nako Kazuhiro , Okamura Masashi , Sakamoto Takuya , Ito Sadayoshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe nature of the action of concomitant liraglutide to stabilize postprandial blood glucose level (PBG) in patients on intensive insulin therapy with unstable PBG remains unclear. The aim was to identify the nature of liraglutide's actions to stabilize PBGs.Materials and MethodsThe study participants consisted of 20 diabetes patients showing unstable PBGs after dinner despite undergoing intensive insulin therapy. The dose of bolus insulin was reduced by three units for each meal, and 0.9 mg/day of liraglutide was added and used in combination. We evaluated the participants' data after the first evaluation (immediately before using liraglutide in combination) and the second evaluation (16 weeks after starting concomitant therapy). PBGs after dinner were measured every day for a period of 28 days immediately before carrying out both evaluations. The mean value of the 28 sets of blood glucose data and their standard deviation (SD) values were established as PBGs after dinner, as well as the SD for each participant. The changes in the mean values of the 20 participants, as well as their SD between before and after concomitant therapy, were evaluated.ResultsThe mean value of PBGs (12.0 ± 1.0 to 10.1 ± 0.9 mmol/L) and SD values (5.1 ± 0.7–3.5 ± 0.8) after dinner both declined. A multiple regression analysis showed that the combined use of liraglutide was a significant independent variable of the SD values of PBGs after dinner.ConclusionThe treatment of reducing the dose of insulin and using liraglutide in combination not only suppresses PBGs, but also stabilizes their blood glucose fluctuations.
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides: clinicopathological analysis of 17 patients
Authors: Marschalkó M. , Erős N. , Kontár O. , Hidvégi B. , Telek J. , Hársing J. , Jókai H. , Bottlik G. , Rajnai H. , Szepesi Á. , Matolcsy A. , Kárpáti S. , Csomor J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundFolliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) represents a variant of MF characterized by hair follicle invasion of mature, CD4‐positive small lymphoid cells with cerebriform nuclei. The disease displays resistance to standard treatment modalities and has an unfavourable course.ObjectiveClinical analysis of 17 patients with FMF collected between 2005 and 2012, investigation of tumour cells and involved hair follicle.MethodsRe‐evaluation of clinical data, wide panel immunohistochemistry investigation on paraffin‐embedded biopsy material, T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis of the samples.ResultsMale and older age group predominance, frequent head–neck involvement, acneiform lesions, keratotic plugs, cysts, nodules, follicular papules, alopecia and classic mycosis fungoides‐like plaques represented the main clinical characteristics. Treatment response showed a wide range from transient complete response to therapy resistance and death due to the disease. The pathological alterations: folliculotropism, mild epidermotropism, follicular plugging, mucinous degeneration of hair follicle, basaloid hyperplasia, syringotropism were similar to those observed previously. The first case of a CD8‐positive folliculotropic mycosis fungoides – with unusual clinical presentation – is reported here. Nestin overexpression of mesenchymal cells of the isthmic and suprabulbar regions of hair follicle and the reappearance of dermal nestin‐expressing cells were observed in association with immature dendritic cell hyperplasia. Altered CK19 expression was detected suggesting a potential role of follicular keratinocytes in the disease process. It was found that a proportion of neoplastic T cells constantly express programmed death‐1 receptor in our patients contrary to classic mycosis fungoides.ConclusionThe spectrum of the clinical manifestation and the course of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides are broad and differ from classic mycosis fungoides. Folliculotropic neoplastic T‐cell proliferation is associated with activation of inflammatory reactive T‐ and B‐lymphoid cells, mesenchymal cells and changes in the hair follicle.
TNFAIP3 and IL12B gene polymorphisms associated with psoriasis vulgaris in an Egyptian cohort
Authors: Haase O. , Mosaad H. , Eldarouti M.A. , Elramly A.Z. , Samir N. , Abdelhady M.M. , Samir M. , El‐Gharib I. , Salah S. , El‐Shennawy F.A. , Mosaad Y. , Elwan N. , Salem H. , Abdelgaber S. , Recke A. , Möller S. , Zillikens D. , Ibrahim S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Development of early onset psoriasis is, to some extent, genetically determined and a strong association with the major histocompatibility complex HLA‐Cw6 has been demonstrated. The use of genome‐wide association studies has highlighted novel genes associated with the development of psoriasis as IL12B, IL23R, TNFAIP3 and IL13 for instance. The majority of these studies were performed on cohorts of European descent.ObjectiveTo determine whether inter‐ethnic differences exist in the genetic susceptibility to psoriasis, we genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphism variations in the vicinity of candidate genes in 132 Egyptian patients and 175 healthy controls.MethodsBlood samples of patients and controls were screened for nucleotide polymorphisms in four candidate genes by TaqMan single‐nucleotide polymorphisms Genotyping Assays.ResultsWe found a significant association between psoriasis and the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs610604, within the TNFAIP3 gene. The TNFAIP3 gene is involved in the TNF‐α signalling cascade (P‐value: 0.004952), a key step in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Although there was no significant association found between rs610604 (IL12B) and rs11209026 (IL23R) in this population, the interaction of these two genes showed a significant association with psoriasis (P‐value: 0.025). Moreover, when selecting the patients with early disease onset (less than 30 years), we also found that the association of IL12B and psoriasis was highly significant (P‐value 1.14 × 10−12). No association between rs20541 (IL13) and psoriasis was observed in our Egyptian cohort.ConclusionReplicating the association of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the TNFAIP3, IL12B and IL23R genes with psoriasis vulgaris, in subjects from different ethnic backgrounds, underlines their importance in the pathogenesis of the disease. In contrast, the lack of any association between rs20541 (IL13) and psoriasis in our Egyptian cohort suggests the existence of important inter‐ethnic genetic differences in psoriasis susceptibility.
Kinetic Extraction of Total Polyphenols from Pitanga (Eugenia Uniflora L.): Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment, Modeling and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Filippi Débora , Bilibio Denise , Bender João Paulo , Carniel Naira , Priamo Wagner Luiz 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to investigate the extraction kinetics of total polyphenol content (TPC) from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) through conventional maceration with solvent, evaluating the effect of temperature, plant‐to‐solvent ratio and ethanol percentage. In parallel, the mathematical modeling of experimental data was performed and a model that represents the kinetics profile of extraction with their respective response surface has been proposed. Ultrasound‐assisted technology was used to maximize the conditions that promote higher polyphenol content extracted using the conventional method, verifying posteriorly the antioxidant activity of the extract by DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical‐scavenging assay. The results indicated that based on the regression coefficient (R2), it can be observed that the model predicted satisfactorily the extraction process and the use of ultrasound treatment promoted an increase of about 80.34% in TPC extracted compared with conventional method (from 16.79 to 30.28 mg GAE/g of plant). Extracts enriched with polyphenols showed antioxidant activity up to 48.84% for a concentration of 0.01 g/mL. In general, we concluded that use of ultrasound‐assisted technology is important to maximize the amount of total polyphenols extracted and accredits pitanga as a natural antioxidant source for use in food preservation and in human health.Practical ApplicationsThis work describes the practical procedures to obtain a new extract from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.), which can be used in different segments of food industry, as in bread baking, edible oils and among others. The results presented can guide the improvement of technique and proposes an interesting alternative for partial or full substitution of synthetic ingredients, increasing the quality of food.
Postsecondary Education in Industrial Ecology Across the World
Authors: Finlayson Ashley , Markewitz Karine , Frayret Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIn recent years, industrial ecology (IE) has become increasingly integrated into formal education as a distinct body of work. The aim of this article is to describe the state of IE in postsecondary education across the world by providing an inventory of programs and courses offered from a search conducted during the summer of 2012. Although some interpretation of the results is conducted, the aim of this article is to provide a snapshot of the state of IE in higher education in 2012 and serve as a starting point for future work. Data were collected on IE courses and programs across the world by Internet search in order to determine the prevalence of IE in postsecondary curricula. Subsequently, 190 universities and colleges from 46 countries were identified as offering courses and/or programs in IE. From this research, a total of 409 courses and 78 programs were inventoried and course content was analyzed (where available). The results indicate that IE is mainly studied at the graduate level within engineering and environmental disciplines, although undergraduate‐level curricula are emerging. In terms of disciplinary departments offering said curricula, IE is presented as a topic of instruction in varied fields of study, such as business and administration, and the arts. From the course syllabi analyzed, the main subjects being taught within IE education are introductory principles and general tools. Advanced or specialized aspects of the field are also covered, however, less frequently.
What Is Engagement? Proactivity as the Missing Link in the HEXACO Model of Personality
Authors: de Vries Reinout E. , Wawoe Kilian W. , Holtrop Djurre 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that proactivity represents the engagement vector in the HEXACO model of personality. Questionnaire data were obtained in five studies, three of which consisted (mostly) of students: Study 1 (N = 188, Mage = 20.0, 89.4% women), Study 3 (N = 315, Mage = 20.4, 80.6% women), and Study 4 (N = 309 self‐ratings, Mage = 20.0, 78.3% women; N = 307 other‐ratings, Mage = 24.5, 62.2% women). Participants in the other two studies came from an ISO‐certified representative community panel: Study 2 (N = 525, Mage = 51.2, 52.0% women) and Study 5 (N = 736, Mage = 42.2, 48.0% women). Proactive Personality and Proactivity were positively related to Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience, but only weakly related or unrelated to Honesty‐Humility, Emotionality, and Agreeableness, supporting the alignment of Proactive Personality/Proactivity with the hypothesized HEXACO engagement vector. Additionally, Proactivity explained incremental variance in self‐rated job performance on top of the HEXACO facets that were most closely associated with Proactive Personality/Proactivity, that is, Social Boldness (an Extraversion facet), Diligence (a Conscientiousness facet), and Creativity (an Openness to Experience facet), but not in entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. Proactivity is the missing engagement link in the HEXACO model of personality. The results are discussed in light of higher‐order factors (e.g., general factor of personality and Alpha and Beta) of personality and bandwidth‐fidelity controversies.
Constrained Inefficiency and Optimal Taxation with Uninsurable Risks
Authors: GOTTARDI PIERO , KAJII ATSUSHI , NAKAJIMA TOMOYUKI 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhen individuals' labor and capital income are subject to uninsurable idiosyncratic risks, should capital and labor be taxed, and if so how? In a two‐period general equilibrium model with production, we derive a decomposition formula of the welfare effects of these taxes into insurance and distribution effects. This allows us to determine how the sign of the optimal taxes on capital and labor depend on the nature of the shocks and the degree of heterogeneity among consumers' income, as well as on the way in which the tax revenue is used to provide lump‐sum transfers to consumers. When shocks affect primarily labor income and heterogeneity is small, the optimal tax on capital is positive. However, in other cases a negative tax on capital is welfare‐improving.
The offender's narrative: Unresolved dissonance in life as a film (LAAF) responses
Authors: Youngs Donna , Canter David , Carthy Nikki 
Published: November 2014

PurposeA growing body of literature indicates the value of exploring the accounts offenders give of their lives. This raises questions about whether offenders’ narratives, distinctive from those of non‐offenders, elucidate the identity and agency processes that facilitate continued offending.MethodTo explore this, 61 offenders and 90 non‐offenders described their life as a film (LAAF).ResultsSignificant differences between the two samples are revealed across content categories relating to Implicit Content, Explicit Processes, Complexity, and Agency. These relate to a central focus on criminality as a dominant aspect of identity, a generally negative undertone, a concern with the materialistic within the narrative and the significant, yet problematic nature, of relations with others. These four features capture a meta‐narrative of Unresolved Dissonance sustaining offending.ConclusionThe findings open the way for the use of the LAAF in order to explore ways of resolving offenders Unresolved Dissonance, through reconstructing their narratives, complementing the Good Lives approach.
Geographic mosaics of phenology, host preference, adult size and microhabitat choice predict butterfly resilience to climate warming
Authors: Bennett Nichole L. , Severns Paul M. , Parmesan Camille , Singer Michael C. 
Published: November 2014

The climate‐sensitive butterflyEuphydryas edithaexhibited interpopulation variation in both phenology and egg placement, exposing individuals to diverse thermal environments. We measured ‘eggspace’ temperatures adjacent to natural egg clutches in populations distributed across a range of latitudes (36°8′–44°6′) and altitudes (213–3171 m). Eggs laid > 50 cm above the ground averaged 3.1°C cooler than ambient air at 1 m height, while eggs at < 1 cm height averaged 15.5°C hotter than ambient, ranging up to 47°C. Because of differences in egg height, eggs at 3171 m elevation and 20.6°C ambient air experienced mean eggspace temperatures 7°C hotter than those at 213 m elevation and ambient 33.3°C. Experimental eggs survived for one hour at 45°C but were killed by 48°C. Eggs laid low, by positively geotactic butterflies, risked thermal stress. However, at populations where eggs were laid lowest, higher oviposition would have incurred incidental predation from grazers.Interpopulation variation in phenology influenced thermal environment and buffered exposure to thermal stress. At sites with hotter July temperatures, the single annual flight/oviposition period was advanced such that eggs were laid on earlier dates, with cooler ambient temperatures. The insects possessed two mechanisms for advancing egg phenology; they could advance timing of larval diapause‐breaking and/or shorten the life cycle by becoming smaller adults. Mean weight of newly‐eclosed females varied among populations from 92 to 285 mg, suggesting that variable adult size did influence phenology.Possible options for in situ mitigation of thermal stress include further advancing phenology and raising egg height. We argue that these options exist, as evidenced by current variation in these traits and by failure ofE. edithato conform to restrictive biogeographic constraints, such as the expectation that populations at equatorial and poleward range limits be confined to higher and lower elevations, respectively. This optimistic example shows how complex local adaptation can generate resilience to climate warming.
Diapering, Diaper Technology, and Diaper Area Skin Health
Authors: Odio Mauricio , Thaman Lauren 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDisposable diapers are the most common diaper care practice in Western societies today, and their use continues to increase globally. Improvements in disposable diaper technology have helped to reduce the prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis (DD) over the course of the last few decades. This article reviews how changes in disposable diaper technology interact with the various etiological factors in DD, thus helping to improve overall diaper area skin health for children around the world.
Absorption and Emission Sensitivity of 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole to Solvents and Impurities
Authors: Yuan Zhao , Tang Qing , Sreenath Kesavapillai , Simmons J. Tyler , Younes Ali H. , Jiang De‐en , Zhu Lei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) is known for undergoing intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state to result in the emission of its tautomer. A minor long‐wavelength absorption band in the range 370–420 nm has been reported in highly polar solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). However, the nature of this species has not been entirely clarified. In this work, we provide evidence that this long‐wavelength absorption band might have been caused by base or metal salt impurities that are introduced into the spectral sample during solvent transport using glass Pasteur pipettes. The contamination by base or metal salt could be avoided by using borosilicate glass syringes or nonglass pipettes in sample handling. Quantum chemical calculations conclude that solvent‐mediated deprotonation is too energetically costly to occur without the aid of a base of an adequate strength. In the presence of such a base, the deprotonation of HBO and its effect on emission are investigated in dichloromethane and DMSO, the latter of which facilitates deprotonation much more readily than the former. Finally, the absorption and emission spectra of HBO in 13 solvents are reported, from which it is concluded that ESIPT is hindered in polar solvents that are also strong hydrogen bond acceptors.
Not all parasites are protective
Authors: McKay Derek M. 
Published: November 2014

SummarySuccessful endoparasites of mammals must outwit the sophisticated immune systems of their hosts that have evolved to detect and destroy/eradicate them. Many species of helminth parasite can directly or indirectly manipulate host immunity: helminth‐derived molecules can suppress or skew activity of many immune cell phenotypes, and mobilization of regulatory cells in response to infection can inhibit immune cell activation. Moreover, many investigations, principally in laboratory‐based rodent–helminth systems, demonstrate that infection with helminths (trematode, cestode or nematode) can ameliorate the severity of concomitant disease that model diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. Ongoing analyses in these model systems may uncover novel approaches to the management and cure of inflammatory diseases that are major global health issues. However, the potential of environmentally or experimentally (i.e. ‘therapeutically’) acquired infection with helminth parasites to exaggerate the severity immunopathologies in the host should not be overlooked. Here, examples of infection with helminth parasites exacerbating concomitant disease and commentary on possible adverse effects of helminth therapy are provided – the intent is not to undermine the development of helminth therapy, but to illustrate caveats that may need to be considered should helminth therapy be utilized as a treatment for inflammatory disease.
The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Birth Cohort Study: Biological Samples and Biobanking
Authors: Moraes T. J. , Lefebvre D. L. , Chooniedass R. , Becker A. B. , Brook J. R. , Denburg J. , HayGlass K. T. , Hegele R. G. , Kollmann T. R. , Macri J. , Mandhane P. J. , Scott J. A. , Subbarao P. , Takaro T. K. , Turvey S. E. , Duncan J. D. , Sears M. R. , Befus A. D. ,   CHILD Study Investigators
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt is hypothesised that complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors give rise to allergy and asthma in childhood. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study was designed to explore these factors.MethodsCHILD is a longitudinal, general population birth cohort study following infants from mid‐pregnancy to age 5 years. Over this time period, biological samples, questionnaires, clinical measures and environmental data are collected.ResultsA total of 3624 families have been recruited, and many thousands of samples and questionnaires have been collected, annotated, and archived. This report outlines the rationale and methodology for collecting and storing diverse biological samples from parents and children in this study, and the mechanisms for their release for analyses.ConclusionsThe CHILD sample and data repository is a tremendous current and future resource and will provide a wealth of information not only informing studies of asthma and allergy, but also potentially in many other aspects of health relevant for Canadian infants and children.
Unveiling Variability and Uncertainty for Better Science and Decisions on Cancer Risks from Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Bogen Kenneth T. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe National Research Council 2009 “Silver Book” panel report included a recommendation that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should increase all of its chemical carcinogen (CC) potency estimates by ∼7‐fold to adjust for a purported median‐vs.‐mean bias that I recently argued does not exist (Bogen KT. “Does EPA underestimate cancer risks by ignoring susceptibility differences?,” Risk Analysis, 2014; 34(10):1780–1784). In this issue of the journal, my argument is critiqued for having flaws concerning: (1) intent, bias, and conservatism of EPA estimates of CC potency; (2) bias in potency estimates derived from epidemiology; and (3) human‐animal CC‐potency correlation. However, my argument remains valid, for the following reasons. (1) EPA's default approach to estimating CC risks has correctly focused on bounding average (not median) individual risk under a genotoxic mode‐of‐action (MOA) assumption, although pragmatically the approach leaves both inter‐individual variability in CC–susceptibility, and widely varying CC‐specific magnitudes of fundamental MOA uncertainty, unquantified. (2) CC risk estimates based on large epidemiology studies are not systematically biased downward due to limited sampling from broad, lognormal susceptibility distributions. (3) A good, quantitative correlation is exhibited between upper‐bounds on CC‐specific potency estimated from human vs. animal studies (n = 24, r = 0.88, p = 2 × 10−8). It is concluded that protective upper‐bound estimates of individual CC risk that account for heterogeneity in susceptibility, as well as risk comparisons informed by best predictions of average‐individual and population risk that address CC‐specific MOA uncertainty, should each be used as separate, complimentary tools to improve regulatory decisions concerning low‐level, environmental CC exposures.