bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating Ideally:
Authors: Madden Etta M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The astronomical growth in food studies during the last decade as well as technological advances in communication, in food production, and in studies of climate change have contributed to increased diversity in the strands of interest in foodways as they intersect with utopian studies. This introductory essay to the special issue on utopian foodways acknowledges specific details of some of these changes and intersections, explains the origin of the issue in a 2013 workshop at the University of Kansas, and provides an overview of the essays included. These essays range chronologically and geographically from studies of seventeenth-century America (and earlier European influences) through nineteenth-century France, to American locales of the twentieth century, to imagined settings in fictional literature, and finally, to imagined communities created through diet books in the present. Thematically, they include analyses of images of abundance and lack in the past, “real” practices in the past and present, and imagined eating in the future. The essay concludes with a call for “speculative” futures in research, writing, and teaching about utopian food practices.
The American Cockaigne from the Sixteenth Century to the Shmoo and Beyond
Authors: Sargent Lyman Tower 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The Cockaigne (sometimes spelled Cockayne or Cokaygne), also known as Lubberland, predates the coinage of the word utopia, with its earliest expression found in classical Greek literature and some of its best-known expressions from the Middle Ages. Sometimes known as the peoples' or peasants' utopia, it was most famously depicted in the 1567 painting known as The Land of Cockaigne by Pieter Breughel the Elder (ca. 1525–1569) or, in English, the medieval poem of that name. A major focus throughout the various examples is an abundance of food. While there have been references to the American depression song “The Big Rock Candy Mountains” as related to the Cockaigne, American expressions of the form have generally not been discussed in the literature. Here I survey the form from the early seventeenth-century immigrant experience through African American responses to slavery and poverty, Native American Indian responses to their oppression, folktales, some children's literature, depressionera songs, the character of the Shmoo in the comic strip Li'l Abner, and some continuations in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
“To Live Consciously Is to Sow the Whirlwind”:
Authors: Moylan Tom 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Like utopianism, nonviolence is frequently feared, misunderstood, and/or underestimated. Rather than the passive stance that many attribute to it, nonviolence requires a robust agency that speaks truth to power in the service of radically transforming society. Drawing on my studies and my personal and political experience, in this essay I reflect on the utopian qualities of nonviolence: first in terms of its general characteristics (especially as a form of political agency expressed as witness and intervention and as a way of life) and then in light of the specific lineage that developed in the United States (with a focus on post–World War II radical nonviolence as it developed in the U.S. civil rights and antiwar movements).
Cities of the Warriors, Cities of the Sages
Authors: Thein Karel 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Ancient discourses on utopia range from nostalgic evocations of a peaceful Golden Age to the forward-looking projects of a well-ordered society free of internal violence. It is this second perspective that connects to the issue of how to maintain the fragile equilibrium between war and civil war. The idea of using the former as a remedy against the latter is present in the blueprint of the just city whose hypothetical generation is depicted in Plato's Republic. Reading Plato with Thucydides enables us to see how both the diagnosis of civil strife's causes and the (impossibly utopian) remedy connect to a certain underlying conception of man. Not unlike Platonic utopia, conceived as an artificial remedy to natural inner conflicts, some Hellenistic and Greco-Roman philosophies of peace share in the vision of an ever-expanding “circle” of the city. However, their understanding of human nature is different, and despite some complicity between cosmopolitanism and imperialism, they are more optimistic in considering the perfectible community not as an imposed artificial structure of justice but as a structure whose germ is naturally present in our individual constitution.
Performance in Measurement of Serum Cystatin C by Laboratories Participating in the College of American Pathologists 2014 CYS Survey
Authors: Eckfeldt John H. , Karger Amy B. , Miller W. Greg , Rynders Gregory P. , Inker Lesley A. 
Published: April 2015

Context
Cystatin C is becoming an increasingly popular biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate, and accurate measurements of cystatin C concentrations are necessary for accurate estimates of glomerular filtration rate.

Objective
To assess the accuracy of cystatin C concentration measurements in laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists CYS Survey.

Design
Two fresh frozen serum pools, the first from apparently healthy donors and the second from patients with chronic kidney disease, were prepared and distributed to laboratories participating in the CYS Survey along with the 2 usual processed human plasma samples. Target values were established for each pool by using 2 immunoassays and ERM DA471/IFCC international reference material.

Results
For the normal fresh frozen pool (ERM-DA471/IFCC–traceable target of 0.960 mg/L), the all-method mean (SD, % coefficient of variation [CV]) reported by all of the 123 reporting laboratories was 0.894 mg/L (0.128 mg/L, 14.3%). For the chronic kidney disease pool (ERM-DA471/IFCC–traceable target of 2.37 mg/L), the all-method mean (SD, %CV) was 2.258 mg/L (0.288 mg/L, 12.8%). There were substantial method-specific biases (mean milligram per liter reported for the normal pool was 0.780 for Siemens, 0.870 for Gentian, 0.967 for Roche, 1.061 for Diazyme, and 0.970 for other/not specified reagents; and mean milligram per liter reported for the chronic kidney disease pool was 2.052 for Siemens, 2.312 for Gentian, 2.247 for Roche, 2.909 for Diazyme, and 2.413 for other/not specified reagents).

Conclusions
Manufacturers need to improve the accuracy of cystatin C measurement procedures if cystatin C is to achieve its full potential as a biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate.
Controls on the diurnal streamflow cycles in two subbasins of an alpine headwater catchment
Authors: Mutzner Raphael , Weijs Steven V. , Tarolli Paolo , Calaf Marc , Oldroyd Holly J. , Parlange Marc B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn high‐altitude alpine catchments, diurnal streamflow cycles are typically dominated by snowmelt or ice melt. Evapotranspiration‐induced diurnal streamflow cycles are less observed in these catchments but might happen simultaneously. During a field campaign in the summer 2012 in an alpine catchment in the Swiss Alps (Val Ferret catchment, 20.4 km2, glaciarized area: 2%), we observed a transition in the early season from a snowmelt to an evapotranspiration‐induced diurnal streamflow cycle in one of two monitored subbasins. The two different cycles were of comparable amplitudes and the transition happened within a time span of several days. In the second monitored subbasin, we observed an ice melt‐dominated diurnal cycle during the entire season due to the presence of a small glacier. Comparisons between ice melt and evapotranspiration cycles showed that the two processes were happening at the same times of day but with a different sign and a different shape. The amplitude of the ice melt cycle decreased exponentially during the season and was larger than the amplitude of the evapotranspiration cycle which was relatively constant during the season. Our study suggests that an evapotranspiration‐dominated diurnal streamflow cycle could damp the ice melt‐dominated diurnal streamflow cycle. The two types of diurnal streamflow cycles were separated using a method based on the identification of the active riparian area and measurement of evapotranspiration.
Effective elastic thickness of the Arabian plate: Weak shield versus strong platform
Authors: Chen Bo , Kaban Mikhail K. , El Khrepy Sami , Al‐Arifi Nassir 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe fan wavelet method has been employed to calculate high‐resolution maps of variations of the effective elastic thickness (EET) for the Arabian plate and surroundings. As the initial data, we use high‐resolution gravity field, topography, and recent models of sedimentary basins. The western part of the plate is generally characterized by low to midvalues of EET (10–30 km) while the eastern one by high values (50 km and more in the core). This finding confirms that the pronounced asymmetry of the plate is rather associated with fundamental structural differences of the lithosphere than with a forced tilt of the plate due to the rifting in the west‐southwest and subduction in the northeast. Therefore, the high topography in the western part of the plate is likely supported by relatively hot mantle that is also responsible for the decrease of EET. These results are generally in agreement with recent seismic tomography models.
Multimodel framework for characterization of transport in porous media
Authors: Ciriello Valentina , Edery Yaniv , Guadagnini Alberto , Berkowitz Brian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe consider modeling approaches to characterize solute transport in porous media, integrating them into a unique theoretical and experimental framework for model evaluation and data interpretation. To date, development of (conservative and reactive chemical) transport models and formulation of model calibration methods grounded on sensitivity‐based collection of measurements have been pursued in parallel. Key questions that remain include: For a given set of measurements, which conceptual picture of the transport processes, as embodied in a mathematical model or models, is most appropriate? What are the most valuable space‐time locations for solute concentration measurements, depending on the model selected? How is model parameter uncertainty propagated to model output, and how does this propagation affect model calibration? We address these questions by merging parallel streams of research—model formulation, reduction, calibration, sensitivity analysis, and discrimination—offering our view on an emerging framework that guides (i) selection of an appropriate number and location of time‐dependent concentration measurements given a transport model and (ii) assessment (through discrimination criteria) of the relative benefit of applying any particular model from a set of several models. Our strategy is to employ metrics to quantify the relative contribution of each uncertain model parameter to the variability of the model output. We evaluate these metrics through construction of a surrogate (or “meta”) transport model that has the additional benefit of enabling sensitivity analysis and model calibration at a highly reduced computational cost. We demonstrate the applicability of this framework, focusing on transport of reactive chemicals in laboratory‐scale porous media.
Religion, sex and
Authors: Haffner Debra W. , Michael Cobb J. 
Published: April 2015

Virtually all of the world's religions understand sexuality as a divinely bestowed capacity for expressing love and generating life, but that it is also vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. Debates on public policy issues related to sexuality regularly include religious overtones.
Fifty percent of all Americans are in faith traditions that are primarily conservative on a wide range of sexuality issues, teaching that sexuality is to be tightly controlled and restricted to specific acts and relationships. Other faith communities in the United States affirm sexuality as a blessing, and have a commitment to sexual health, education, and justice. Some have a deep commitment to sexual health, but they remain conflicted over how to incorporate gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people into congregational life. Religious belief and involvement impacts decisions about sexual behaviors and relationships throughout the lifespan. The majority of faith communities remain mostly silent on sexuality issues. This has been changing, particularly over the past decade, as more and more faith communities are making a commitment to sexual health and justice. Areas of particular change include women's issues, LGBT inclusion, and sexuality education.
Consistency and Utility of Data Items Across European Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Cohorts and Registers
Authors: Radner Helga , Dixon William , Hyrich Kimme , Askling Johan 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo identify overlaps, discrepancies, and perceived utility of the currently collected data in European clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts and registers. Heterogeneity of data collection and data representation may limit comparative and collaborative RA research. Defining data standards is important and should be informed by which data items are currently collected and their perceived utility in scientific analyses.MethodsA web survey was sent to 27 European RA registers/clinical cohorts, requesting information on which specific data items were collected, how and with what frequency they were collected, how often data were missing, and if the items collected were regarded as useful for research.ResultsTwenty‐five of 27 contacted RA cohorts/registers from 16 different European countries, totaling 189,633 patients (range 130–55,000), completed the survey. Items collected by the majority of data sources and used frequently for research were composite disease activity scores, acute‐phase reactants, joint counts, information on RA‐specific treatments, physical function, and patient global assessment of disease activity. Many of the collected items showed large variability in terms of measurement and time point of collection. Among all items collected, disease activity, RA treatment, and joint counts were regarded as the most important. When not collected, smoking, imaging, and comorbidities were the top‐ranked variables felt to have been worth collecting.ConclusionEven though certain items are regularly collected, the mode of data collection and the data definition are heterogeneous. Harmonization of data collection across European clinical RA data sources is therefore pivotal for future collaborative studies.
Allergic sensitization, rhinitis, and tobacco smoke exposure in U.S. children and adolescents
Authors: Shargorodsky Josef , Garcia‐Esquinas Esther , Navas‐Acien Ana , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundChildhood tobacco exposure has been linked with sinonasal pathology, and may be associated with allergic sensitization. This study evaluates the association between exposure to active smoking or secondhand smoke (SHS) and the prevalence of rhinitis and allergic sensitization in the U.S. pediatric population.MethodsCross‐sectional study in 2714 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2006. Active smoking was defined as self‐reported smoking or serum cotinine concentrations >10 ng/mL. SHS was defined as nonactive smokers who reported living with ≥1 smokers or had serum cotinine ≥0.011 ng/mL. Self‐reported rhinitis was based on symptoms during the past 12 months, and allergen sensitization was defined as a positive response to any of the 19 specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antigens tested.ResultsAbout half of the population (54%) had detectable levels of IgE specific to at least 1 of the tested allergens, and 25% reported a history of rhinitis. After multivariate adjustment, an increased prevalence rate ratio (PRR) of self‐reported rhinitis was seen in individuals in the highest cotinine tertile among active smokers (PRR, 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 2.43), with a significant trend between increasing cotinine levels in individuals exposed to either secondhand smoke or active smoking (p = 0.05 for both analyses). Significantly less food allergen sensitization was observed in participants in the highest cotinine tertile of secondhand smoke (PRR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.85).ConclusionTobacco smoke exposure was associated with increased prevalence of rhinitis symptoms, but decreased prevalence of allergic sensitization. The results highlight the complex relationship between tobacco exposure and sinonasal pathology.
Female Genital Mutilation and its Aftermath in a Woman who Wished to “Have a Life:” Submission as a Route to the Preservation of Personal Agency
Authors: Eisold Barbara K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeven women who had suffered female genital mutilation (FGM) as children were referred to me for brief psychological evaluation as part of the process of applying for political asylum in the United States. FGM can cause lifelong infections, pain and dyspareunia, as well as difficulty with child‐bearing. Effects on emotional well‐being can also be considerable. Following an introduction, this paper describes one of my clients (representative of others) who, despite the wide effects of FGM, was able to develop a strong sense of personal agency. This emerged out of a profound desire to “have a life.” She wanted the freedom to pursue her own friends without fear of shame; she wanted to keep her own earnings and not have to turn them over to her husband. It is suggested that this woman achieved agency/her personal goals by subordinating herself to the will of men, both to her step‐father and husband, and finally to “Allah,” whose “voice” she hears regularly at night. With this last support, she has been able to gain the independence deemed “male” in her home culture. The hallucinatory voice is thus discussed as a sign of psychological health, in keeping with recent research. She is presented here as an example of strengths and capabilities beyond previous imaginings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional Associations of Osteoarthritis‐Mediated Loss of Epigenetic Control in Articular Cartilage
Authors: den Hollander Wouter , Ramos Yolande F. M. , Bomer Nils , Elzinga Stefan , van der Breggen Ruud , Lakenberg Nico , de Dijcker Wesley J. , Suchiman H. Eka D. , Duijnisveld Bouke J. , Houwing‐Duistermaat Jeanine J. , Slagboom P. Eline , Bos Steffan D. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo identify osteoarthritis (OA) progression–modulating pathways in articular cartilage and their respective regulatory epigenetic and genetic determinants in end‐stage disease.MethodsTranscriptional activity of CpG was assessed using gene expression data and DNA methylation data for preserved and lesional articular cartilage samples. Disease‐responsive transcriptionally active CpG were identified by means of differential methylation between preserved and lesional cartilage. Transcriptionally relevant genetic determinants were addressed by means of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) proximal to the OA‐responsive transcriptionally active CpG. Statistical analyses were corrected for age, sex, joint, and technical covariates. A random effect was included to correct for possible correlations between paired samples.ResultsOf 9,838 transcribed genes in articular cartilage, 2,324 correlated with the methylation status of 3,748 transcriptionally active CpG; both negative (n = 1,741) and positive (n = 2,007) correlations were observed. Hypomethylation and hypermethylation (false discovery rate of <0.05, |Δβ| > 0.05) were observed for 62 and 25 transcriptionally active CpG, respectively, covering 70 unique genes. Enrichment for developmental and extracellular matrix maintenance pathways indicated possible reactivation of endochondral ossification. Finally, we observed 31 and 26 genes for which methylation and expression, respectively, were additionally affected by genetic variation.ConclusionWe identified tissue‐specific genes involved in OA disease progression, reflected by genetic and pathologic epigenetic regulation of transcription, primarily at genes involved in development. Therefore, transcriptionally active SNPs near these genes may serve as putative susceptibility alleles. Our results constitute an important step toward understanding the reported widespread epigenetic changes occurring in OA articular cartilage and toward subsequent development of treatments targeting disease‐driving pathways.
All biomass is local: The cost, volume produced, and global warming impact of cellulosic biofuels depend strongly on logistics and local conditions
Authors: Kim Seungdo , Dale Bruce E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCurrent models of cellulosic biofuel systems require that the delivered price of the cellulosic biomass feedstock be kept low. Thus the predicted biorefinery size is relatively small, limiting potential economies of scale. However, it is actually the ultimate selling price of the biofuel that largely determines market penetration. We relaxed the constraint of low delivered feedstock price and explored the resulting effects on biofuel price, biofuel volume produced, and global warming impact (GWI). Feedstock price greatly affects the feedstock supply chains that may develop. Increased feedstock price does not affect the final ethanol selling price very much, but higher feedstock prices greatly increase the amount of ethanol produced. Farmers will supply much more cellulosic biomass at higher feedstock prices, leading to shorter transportation distances with reduced transportation costs and enabling larger biorefineries with improved economies of scale, thereby reducing the ethanol selling price.The cellulosic feedstock supply chain systems were studied as a function of feedstock prices by determining potential feedstock supply clusters and the maximum capacity of cellulosic biorefineries across the United States. Supply clusters were determined by minimizing costs associated with ethanol production. The analysis is based on county‐level cellulosic feedstock production data projected in the US Billion‐Ton Update report. Each biomass supply cluster is unique in terms of local and regional characteristics (e.g. area, feedstock types), biorefinery capacity, ethanol selling price, and GWI. Very large‐scale biorefineries (≥20 000 dry Mg day−1) may be feasible in some regions. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Decisions from Experience: From Monetary to Medical Gambles
Authors: Lejarraga Tomás , Pachur Thorsten , Frey Renato , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe description–experience gap refers to the robust finding that learning about uncertain options via description or experience results in systematically different choices. This gap has previously been studied primarily with monetary gambles. Here, we examine search and choice processes in decisions from experience involving medical outcomes (side effects of medication). We compare these processes both to decisions from experience involving monetary gambles and to decisions from description involving the same medical outcomes. As in the monetary domain, we found a description–experience gap in medical choices. Yet we also found four striking differences between medical and monetary choices. First, medical choices were significantly less consistent with the maximization of expected value than were monetary choices from description or experience. Second, medical choices gave rise to more strongly inverse S‐shaped probability weighting functions in decisions from description and experience, suggesting considerably lower probability sensitivity in the medical than the monetary domain. Third, participants gathered considerably less information in medical than in monetary decisions from experience. Finally, we found that minimax—a simple decision rule that aims to minimize the maximum possible loss—predicted medical choices substantially better than monetary choices, in decisions from both description and experience. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.