bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil factors involved in the diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities in commercial organic olive orchards in Southern Spain
Authors: Landa B. B. , Montes‐Borrego M. , Aranda S. , Soriano M. A. , Gómez J. A. , Navas‐Cortés J. A. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryNowadays, there is a tendency in olive production systems to reduce tillage or keep a vegetative cover to reduce soil erosion and degradation. However, there is scarce information on the effects of different soil management systems (SMS) in soil bacterial community composition of olive groves. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of soil type and different SMS implemented to control weeds in the structure and diversity of bacterial communities of 58 soils in the two geographic areas that best represent the organic olive production systems in Spain. Bacterial community composition assessed by frequency and intensity of occurrence of terminal restriction profiles (TRFs) derived from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis of amplified 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid were strongly correlated with soil type/field site (Eutric/Calcaric) that differed mainly in soil particle size distribution and soil pH, followed by a strong effect of SMS, in that order. Canonical discriminant (CD) analysis of TRFs properly classified all of the olive orchard soils as belonging to their respective soil type or SMS. Furthermore, only a small set of TRFs were enough to clearly and significantly differentiate soil samples according to soil type or SMS. Those specific TRFs could be used as bioindicators to assess the effect of changes in SMS aimed to enhance soil quality in olive production systems.
Longing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Pehler Shelley‐Rae , Sjostrom Stephanie , Markwardt Michelle 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThis paper uses Rodgers' evolutionary view of concept analysis to define the human response of longing. The purpose is to develop a definition of longing as the first step in diagnosis development.Data SourceA literature review was conducted by searching the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, American Theological Library Association Religion, JSTOR Philosophy, JSTOR Religion, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases to yield an across‐discipline sample of articles.Data SynthesisThree researchers identified the attributes, antecedents, consequences, situational context, and surrogate terms of longing.ConclusionsAn operational definition was developed.Implications for Nursing PracticeLonging is clearly a human response to loss, crossing illness and situations in which nurses encounter patients in multiple settings. This supports the need to further develop longing into a nursing diagnosis.
2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) Increases Bilirubin Formation but Hampers Quantitative Hepatic Conversion of Biliverdin to Bilirubin in Rats with Wild‐Type AH Receptor
Authors: Niittynen Marjo , Simanainen Ulla , Pohjanvirta Raimo , Sankari Satu , Tuomisto Jouni T. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn haem degradation, haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) first cleaves haem to biliverdin, which is reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin IXα reductase (BVR‐A). The environmental pollutant 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) causes hepatic accumulation of biliverdin in moderately TCDD‐resistant line B (Kuopio) rats. Using line B and two TCDD‐sensitive rat strains, the present study set out to probe the dose–response and biochemical mechanisms of this accumulation. At 28 days after exposure to 3–300 μg/kg TCDD in line B rats, already the lowest dose of TCDD tested, 3 μg/kg, affected serum bilirubin conjugates, and after doses ≥100 μg/kg, the liver content of bilirubin, biliverdin and their conjugates (collectively ‘bile pigments’) as well as HO‐1 was elevated. BVR‐A activity and serum bile acids were increased only by the doses of 100 and 300 μg/kg TCDD, respectively. Biliverdin conjugates correlated best with biliverdin suggesting it to be their immediate precursor. TCDD (100 μg/kg, 10 days) increased hepatic bilirubin and biliverdin levels also in TCDD‐sensitive Long‐Evans (Turku/AB; L‐E) rats. Hepatic bilirubin and bile acids, but not biliverdin, were increased in feed‐restricted L‐E control rats. In TCDD‐sensitive line C (Kuopio) rats, 10 μg/kg of TCDD increased the body‐weight‐normalized biliary excretion of bilirubin. Altogether, the results suggest that at acutely toxic doses, TCDD induces the formation of bilirubin in rats. However, concurrently, TCDD seems to hamper the quantitative conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin in line B and L‐E rats' liver. Biliverdin conjugates are most likely formed as secondary products of biliverdin.
Roles of retinoic acid signaling in normal and abnormal development of the palate and tongue
Authors: Okano Junko , Udagawa Jun , Shiota Kohei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPalatogenesis involves various developmental events such as growth, elevation, elongation and fusion of opposing palatal shelves. Extrinsic factors such as mouth opening and subsequent tongue withdrawal are also needed for the horizontal elevation of palate shelves. Failure of any of these steps can lead to cleft palate, one of the most common birth defects in humans. It has been shown that retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles during palate development, but excess RA causes cleft palate in fetuses of both rodents and humans. Thus, the coordinated regulation of retinoid metabolism is essential for normal palatogenesis. The endogenous RA level is determined by the balance of RA‐synthesizing (retinaldehyde dehydrogenases: RALDHs) and RA‐degrading enzymes (CYP26s). Cyp26b1 is a key player in normal palatogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the study of the pathogenesis of RA‐induced cleft palate, with special reference to the regulation of endogenous RA levels by RA‐degrading enzymes.
Poaching is more than an Enforcement Problem
Authors: Challender Daniel W. S. , MacMillan Douglas C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractToday record levels of funding are being invested in enforcement and antipoaching measures to tackle the “war on poaching,” but many species are on the path to extinction. In our view, intensifying enforcement effort is crucial, but will ultimately prove an inadequate long‐term strategy with which to conserve high‐value species. This is because: regulatory approaches are being overwhelmed by the drivers of poaching and trade, financial incentives for poaching are increasing due to rising prices and growing relative poverty between areas of supply and centers of demand, and aggressive enforcement of trade controls, in particular bans, can increase profits and lead to the involvement of organized criminals with the capacity to operate even under increased enforcement effort. With prices for high‐value wildlife rising, we argue that interventions need to go beyond regulation and that new and bold strategies are needed urgently. In the immediate future, we should incentivize and build capacity within local communities to conserve wildlife. In the medium term, we should drive prices down by reexamining sustainable off‐take mechanisms such as regulated trade, ranching and wildlife farming, using economic levers such as taxation to fund conservation efforts, and in the long‐term reduce demand through social marketing programs.
Small‐bowel dislocation during long‐term MRI observation – insights in intestinal physiology
Authors: Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Froehlich Johannes M. , Wentz Klaus‐Ulrich , von Weymarn Constantin , Patak Michael A. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen is a widely established imaging modality in the diagnostic workup of patients suffering from abdominal disorders. Small‐bowel motility analyses using MRI have recently been introduced to provide functional information about the intestine not provided by morphological analyses. This is of clinical importance as motility disorders correlate with inflammation. Yet motility analyses mainly rely on a series of acquisitions in coronal orientation. Temporal displacement of small‐bowel loops out of the coronal slice could falsify qualitative and quantitative motility analyses. Thus, our study quantified three‐dimensional (3D) dislocation of small‐bowel loops during abdominal MRI examinations with the patient lying in prone position to investigate its influence on motility analyses. Our study revealed segmental small‐bowel displacement during MRI examinations in prone position to predominantly occur in craniocaudal orientation and in a smaller extent in lateral and ventrodorsal orientation. However, the displacement amplitudes are rather small and might not significantly influence small‐bowel motility analyses in 2D coronal plane in general.
Clinical predictors of the long‐term social outcome and quality of life in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: 20–65 years of follow‐up
Authors: Schneider‐von Podewils Felix , Gasse Christina , Geithner Julia , Wang Zhong I. , Bombach Paula , Berneiser Julia , Herzer Rosemarie , Kessler Christof , Runge Uwe 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe long‐term social outcome in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is still controversial. The aim of this study was both to investigate the long‐term social outcome in relation to clinical variables and to identify epilepsy‐related factors that affect the quality of life (QoL) in JME patients with a follow‐up of at least 20 years.MethodsA retrospective selection of 33 of 90 patients (21 female) from a tertiary epilepsy center diagnosed with JME and followed for ≥20 years (mean 37.8 years) was studied. All patients were evaluated with a thorough review of their medical records, and a subsequent face‐to‐face or telephone interview. QOLIE‐31‐P questionnaire (QoL In Epilepsy) and Beck Depression Inventory‐II were used to assess the QoL and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, respectively.ResultsOf 33 patients, 18 (54.5%) became seizure‐free; in 4 of the patients (22.2%), antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment was discontinued. Early and long‐term seizure freedom improves both social adjustment (p = 0.02) and occupational integration (p = 0.02) and associates with a better QoL (odds ratio [OR] 2.25). A high seizure burden highly affects both aspects of personal life—family and work; notably the occurrence of frequent and/or late onset generalized tonic–clonic seizures increases the risk of concomitant diseases (p = 0.05) and lifelong AED treatment (p = 0.03), decreases the patient's employability (p = 0.02), increases the rate of employment disability pension (p = 0.05), and considerably increases public/social spending. Seizure freedom significantly increases the QoL (p = 0.001), whereas more severe courses of epilepsy (OR 3.2), AED side effects (p = 0.04), depression (p = 0.02), and sleep disturbances (OR 2.7) considerably decrease the patient's QoL.SignificanceAlthough patients with JME are a heterogeneous group, several predictors for the long‐term social, family, educational, and occupational outcome have been identified in our study and should be considered in the effort to both improve the patient′s QoL as well as preserve economic resources.
The cranial nuchal bursa: Anatomy, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic approach
Authors: Abuja G. A. , García‐López J. M. , Manso‐Díaz G. , Spoormakers T. J. P. , Taeymans O. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyAlthough an uncommon condition, cranial nuchal bursitis can affect the performance of the equine athlete. The anatomy is not well described and there are no reports of diagnostic imaging for endoscopic approaches.ObjectivesTo describe the anatomy, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance features of and endoscopic approach to the cranial nuchal bursa in horses.Study designExperimental cadaver study.MethodsFour cranial nuchal bursae were dissected, 4 specimens were frozen to prepare anatomical sections and 2 were injected with latex to document surface landmarks and topographical anatomy and to identify the possible sites for endoscopic access. Six cadaveric specimens were used to describe the ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance features of the cranial nuchal bursa before and after intrabursal injection. Sixteen cadaver specimens were evaluated with a rigid arthroscope and gross dissection to determine the endoscopic appearance of the bursa.ResultsThe cranial nuchal bursa could be identified consistently in all cadavers, using ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance on both pre‐ and post injection specimens. Cranial and caudal endoscopic approaches and instrument portals were developed for the cranial nuchal bursa. Using either approach, the entire extent of the bursa could be evaluated, but separate approaches for left and right compartments of the bursa were needed owing to the lack of manoeuvrability when examining the contralateral compartment.ConclusionsThe cranial nuchal bursa can be identified on ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance images. An endoscopic approach to the cranial nuchal bursa is clinically feasible and offered an easy, repeatable entry into the cranial nuchal bursa, which allowed adequate observation of the structures within the bursa. This may be of help for diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the cranial nuchal bursa in horses.
Assessing anthropogenic impact on boreal lakes with historical fish species distribution data and hydrogeochemical modeling
Authors: Valinia Salar , Englund Göran , Moldan Filip , Futter Martyn N , Köhler Stephan J , Bishop Kevin , Fölster Jens 
Published: January 2014

AbstractQuantifying the effects of human activity on the natural environment is dependent on credible estimates of reference conditions to define the state of the environment before the onset of adverse human impacts. In Europe, emission controls that aimed at restoring ecological status were based on hindcasts from process‐based models or paleolimnological reconstructions. For instance, 1860 is used in Europe as the target for restoration from acidification concerning biological and chemical parameters. A more practical problem is that the historical states of ecosystems and their function cannot be observed directly. Therefore, we (i) compare estimates of acidification based on long‐term observations of roach (Rutilus rutilus) populations with hindcast pH from the hydrogeochemical model MAGIC; (ii) discuss policy implications and possible scope for use of long‐term archival data for assessing human impacts on the natural environment and (iii) present a novel conceptual model for interpreting the importance of physico‐chemical and ecological deviations from reference conditions. Of the 85 lakes studied, 78 were coherently classified by both methods. In 1980, 28 lakes were classified as acidified with the MAGIC model, however, roach was present in 14 of these. In 2010, MAGIC predicted chemical recovery in 50% of the lakes, however roach only recolonized in five lakes after 1990, showing a lag between chemical and biological recovery. Our study is the first study of its kind to use long‐term archival biological data in concert with hydrogeochemical modeling for regional assessments of anthropogenic acidification. Based on our results, we show how the conceptual model can be used to understand and prioritize management of physico‐chemical and ecological effects of anthropogenic stressors on surface water quality.
Factor IX oligomerization underlies reduced activity upon disruption of physiological conditions
Authors: Simhadri V. L. , Hamasaki‐Katagiri N. , Tseng S. C. , Bentley A. A. , Zichel R. , Hershko A. Y. , Komar A. A. , Kimchi‐Sarfaty C. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryCoagulation factor IX (FIX) is a serine protease that plays a pivotal role in the blood coagulation cascade. FIX deficiency leads to a blood clotting disorder known as haemophilia B. FIX, synthesized as a prepro‐peptide of 461 amino acids, is processed and secreted into plasma. The protein undergoes numerous modifications, including, but not limited to glycosylation, γ‐carboxylation and disulphide bond formation. Upon processing and limited proteolysis, the protein is converted into an active protease. Under physiological conditions, the FIX zymogen is a monomer. The purpose of this work was to analyse the conditions that may affect FIX monomeric state and promote and/or reduce oligomerization. Using native gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography, we found that under decreased pH and ionic strength conditions, the FIX zymogen can oligomerize, resulting in the formation of higher molecular weight species, with a concomitant reduction in specific activity. Similarly, FIX oligomers formed readily with low bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations; however, increased BSA concentrations impeded FIX oligomerization. We hypothesize that normal blood physiological conditions are critical for maintaining active FIX monomers. Under conditions of stress associated with acidosis, electrolyte imbalance and low albumin levels, FIX oligomerization is expected to take place thus leading to compromised activity. Furthermore, albumin, which is commonly used as a drug stabilizer, may enhance the efficacy of FIX biological drugs by reducing oligomerization.
Phenolic profile and changes in the antioxidant activity of crabapple (Malus domestica cv Royalty) fruit during maturation on the tree
Authors: Chen Fangtian , Li Feng , Lu Lei , Zhang Xing , Xu Xiaoyan , Li Dapeng 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe fruits of crabapple (Malus domestica cv Royalty) harvested at six times during fruit maturation on the tree (60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 day after full bloom, DAFB) were evaluated for their antioxidant potentials by various assays such as DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and ferric reducing power. Total phenolic and flavonoid were analysed and characterised using HPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS. Results showed that the Royalty fruits harvested on 60 DAFB had the strongest scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS and radicals ( = 0.37 mg mL−1, = 0.19 mg mL−1 and = 4906.63 U L−1) and ferric reducing power (FRAP = 2.85 mol Fe2+ per kg dw), which highly correlated with its high amount of total phenolics of 130.17 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram dry weight and total flavonoid of 866.15 mg rutin equivalents (RE) per gram dry weight. Eight phenolic compounds were identified in the Royalty extract of 60 DAFB as caffeic acid, eriodictyol rhamnoside, phloretin hexoside I, coumaroyl guinic acid, quercetin hexoside, phloretin hexoside II, quercetin pentoside and quercetin rhamnoside. These findings suggest that Royalty could be potentially used as a promising source of natural antioxidants in the development of functional foods.
Physicochemical properties of flour recovered from broken rice noodles during production
Authors: Liu Ya‐Fei , Chaiwanichsiri Saiwarun , Laohasongkram Kalaya 
Published: January 2014

SummaryFlour recovered from broken rice noodles was evaluated by microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, in vitro starch digestibility, pasting and gel texture analyses. Rice noodle making processes destroyed the granular and crystalline structures of rice flour (RF), but the process‐induced recrystallised amylopectin and amylose‐lipid complexes were observed. Higher level of resistant starch in broken rice noodle flour (BRNF) was due to the retrograded amylose, which formed during noodle making. The absence of pasting temperature and low pasting viscosity of BRNF were distinct from those of RF, whereas gel textures of both flours were similar. BRNF‐added rice noodles showed lower hardness, but the other cooking and texture qualities were close to the one without BRNF. Up to 17% of BRNF could be incorporated into composite rice noodle making. This study thus provided an approach to the management and utilisation of food processing wastes.
Patterns of engagement: the relationship between efficacy beliefs and task engagement at the individual versus collective level
Authors: Vera María , Le Blanc Pascale M. , Taris Toon W. , Salanova Marisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between efficacy beliefs and task engagement in and over time, at both the individual and collective levels. We conducted latent growth curve analyses using data from 372 university students (individual level) who were assigned to one of 79 e‐work groups (collective level). The participants carried out three collaborative tasks in a laboratory setting. Results reveal, at both levels, that the level of task engagement of participants and groups with high initial levels of efficacy beliefs remained stable, whereas the level of task engagement of participants and groups with low initial levels of efficacy beliefs decreased significantly over time. Moreover, the relationships linking the parallel constructs were functionally equivalent across levels. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed from the perspective of Bandura's social cognitive theory.
Effective Post‐Signing Market Check or Window Dressing? The Role of Go‐Shop Provisions in M&A Transactions
Authors: Jeon Jin Q , Lee Cheolwoo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the use of go‐shop provisions in M&A. We find that go‐shop deals tend to have higher deal premiums and receive more competing bids while the length of the go‐shop period does not affect deal premium and competition. Also, deals are less likely to be completed when a go‐shop provision is included and when the go‐shop length is longer. However, go‐shops have no effect on the completion of high premium deals. We also find that the presence of a go‐shop provision leads to a positive market reaction to deal announcements. Overall, our findings support the proposition that go‐shops reflect the efforts of target managers to fulfill the Revlon duties in the form of a post‐signing market check, which is consistent with stewardship theory.
Comparative analysis reveals that polyploidy does not decelerate diversification in fish
Authors: Zhan S. H. , Glick L. , Tsigenopoulos C. S. , Otto S. P. , Mayrose I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhile the proliferation of the species‐rich teleost fish has been ascribed to an ancient genome duplication event at the base of this group, the broader impact of polyploidy on fish evolution and diversification remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the association between polyploidy and diversification in several fish lineages: the sturgeons (Acipenseridae: Acipenseriformes), the botiid loaches (Botiidae: Cypriniformes), Cyprininae fishes (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) and the salmonids (Salmonidae: Salmoniformes). Using likelihood‐based evolutionary methodologies, we co‐estimate speciation and extinction rates associated with polyploid vs. diploid fish lineages. Family‐level analysis of Acipenseridae and Botiidae revealed no significant difference in diversification rates between polyploid and diploid relatives, while analysis of the subfamily Cyprininae revealed higher polyploid diversification. Additionally, order‐level analysis of the polyploid Salmoniformes and its diploid sister clade, the Esociformes, did not support a significantly different net diversification rate between the two groups. Taken together, our results suggest that polyploidy is generally not associated with decreased diversification in fish – a pattern that stands in contrast to that previously observed in plants. While there are notable differences in the time frame examined in the two studies, our results suggest that polyploidy is associated with different diversification patterns in these two major branches of the eukaryote tree of life.