bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Coenzyme a Ester Content: Comparison between Reye's Syndrome and Control Subjects
Authors: Kang Ellen S. , Capaci Mary T. , Korones David N. , Tekade Nilima 
Published: August 2015

1. The concentrations of the acid soluble and insoluble coenzyme A (CoA) esters were measured in samples of liver obtained at autopsy from Reye's syndrome and control subjects because the long chain fatty CoA compounds which make up the bulk of the acid insoluble CoA esters are known to inhibit a number of mitochondrially located enzymes, several of which may be affected in Reye's syndrome.
2. Concentrations of the acid insoluble esters varied widely in both control and Reye's liver samples. The difference between the mean values was not statistically significant (1·06 ± sem 0·33 nmol/g wet weight in Reye's samples vs 0·88 ± 0·21 in control samples).
3. Concentrations of the acid soluble CoA esters, which include the short chain fatty CoA compounds, were higher in Reye's liver samples than in samples from controls. The mean value for Reye's samples was 104·8 ± sem 29·4 nmol/g of liver compared with 26·4 ± 10·1 nmol/g for control samples (P &lt; 0·05).
4. Studies with rats designed to assess postmortem change indicate that the liver concentration of the acid insoluble CoA compounds does not change during a 4 h period at 4°C. This finding suggests that the observations made in Reye's liver was probably due to a premorbid abnormality.
5. These findings implicate a block in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and could account for the reported relative increase in the concentrations of the short to medium chain fatty acids in the plasma of Reye's syndrome patients.
Inhibition of Adrenaline-Forming Enzyme in the Brain Prevents One-Kidney, One-Clip Hypertension and Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Hypertension in the Rabbit
Authors: Rosendorff C. , Melamed J. R. , Hurwitz M. L. , Coull A. , Jarvis A. 
Published: August 2015

1. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) converts noradrenaline into adrenaline and brain PNMT is elevated in spontaneously hypertensive and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. In view of the evidence for the involvement of central adrenergic neurons in renal hypertension, we measured the blood pressure response in one-clip, one-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive and DOCA-salt hypertensive rabbits to the PNMT inhibitor SK&F 64139, injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles.
2. Intracerebroventricular injection of SK&F 64139 (10 μg/kg) significantly attenuated the mean arterial blood pressure rise in one-clip, one-kidney and DOCA-salt rabbits, at 4 and 8 weeks.
3. These findings support the idea that hypertension in this animal model requires an intact adrenaline biosynthetic process, and that central catecholaminergic neurons may be involved in the pathogenesis of low-renin volume dependent forms of hypertension.
Erythrocyte Membrane and Renal Function in Relation to Hypertension in Rats of the Milan Hypertensive Strain
Authors: Ferrari P. , Cusi D. , Barber B. , Barlassina C. , Vezzoli G. , Duzzi L. , Minotti E. , Bianchi G. 
Published: August 2015

1. The aim of this study was to compare certain renal and erythrocyte functions in the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) of rats and in normotensive control animals (MNS).
2. Under experimental conditions close to those in conscious unmanipulated animals, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per g kidney weight was higher and the kidney weight/body weight ratio lower in MHS than in MNS rats (P &lt; 0.001). This suggests that there is increased transtubular ion transport in MHS animals.
3. The MHS rats had a higher rate constant for outward Na+-K+ cotransport than the MNS animals (P &lt; 0.02), their intra-erythrocyte sodium concentrations were lower (P &lt; 0.05) and their erythrocyte volume was smaller (P &lt; 0.001). Therefore, accelerated cell membrane sodium outward cotransport seems to reset the volume and the sodium content of the erythrocytes of MHS rats at a lower level.
4. We speculate that increased transport of ions across the cell membrane may be an abnormality common to erythrocytes and renal tubular cells in MHS rats.
Peripheral Vascular Changes after Treatment of Severe Hypertension
Authors: Gudbrandsson T. , Hansson L. , Herlitz H. , Sivertsson R. 
Published: August 2015

1. Blood flow resistance was studied in two peripheral vascular beds in 15 patients with previous malignant hypertension and in a matched group of patients with treated ‘benign’ hypertension and in matched control subjects. Studies were made during rest and after the induction of maximal vasodilatation.
2. In the hand (representing mainly a skin vessel bed), both hypertensive groups had significantly higher resistance at maximal dilatation than the normotensive group (2.5 and 2.5 units respectively as compared with 1.9 units, P &lt; 0.01).
3. In the calf muscle vascular bed the patients with previous malignant hypertension had the most severe changes. Resistance at maximal dilatation was 2.4 units as compared with 1.9 units in the group with ‘benign’ hypertension (P &lt; 0.05) and 1.6 units in the control group (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.05 respectively).
4. These findings indicate structural changes in the resistance vessels of both hypertensive groups, which means that, in spite of substantial long-term lowering of blood pressure, arteriolar vascular changes remain. Accordingly, these changes may not be entirely reversible. The degree of reversibility also appears to be different in the two vascular beds studied.
Reduced Synthesis of [Arginine]Vasopressin in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Rascher W. , Lang R. E. , Fink B. , Ganten D. , Unger TH. , Gross F. 
Published: August 2015

1. In 12 week-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SPSH) rats and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats plasma concentration of [arginine]vasopressin (AVP) and the AVP content in various brain areas were measured by radioimmunoassay.
2. In hydrated SPSH rats plasma AVP was lower than in WKY rats. In the hypothalamus and in the brain stem, but not in the pituitary, the content of AVP was reduced.
3. After a dehydration period of 48 h plasma AVP rose similarly in both SPSH and WKY rats. However, in the pituitary the AVP content was significantly lower in SPSH than in WKY rats. In the hypothalamus and in the brain stem, AVP content was not significantly influenced by dehydration.
4. It is concluded that in the hydrated stage the secretion of AVP and its synthesis in the hypothalamus are reduced in SPSH rats. However, the SPSH rats still respond satisfactorily to the strong stimulus of severe dehydration.
Identification of Bacterial Colonies Expressing Cloned Recombinant DNA Coding for Renin
Authors: Morris B. J. , Catanzaro D. F. , Cam G. R. , Charnock P. P. , Baker A. R. , Shine J. 
Published: August 2015

1. Affinity purified anti-renin was used to detect renin-immunoreactive proteins in cloned colonies of Escherichia coli containing recombinant mouse submandibular gland cDNA inserted at the PstI site of plasmid pBR322.
2. Two colonies were detected which reacted positively with anti-renin.
3. These colonies contained a single protein that could be immunoprecipitated with anti-renin and cDNA of more than 500 base-pairs in length which was capable of inter-colony hybridization in the single-stranded form and had similar HinfI restriction sites.
4. Sequencing is being performed on the cDNA after having been subcloned in M13mp 7.1.
Effect of Captopril on the Blood Pressure and Renal Responses to Acute Saline Loading in Normal and Essential Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Mimran A. , Ribstein J. 
Published: August 2015

1. Systemic, humoral and renal responses to isotonic volume expansion (1800 ml in 3 h) were assessed in normal subjects and patients with normal renin essential hypertension before and during captopril administration.
2. Essential hypertensive subjects had a greater natriuretic and diuretic response to volume expansion than had normotensive subjects.
3. Captopril induced a fall in pre-saline mean arterial pressure more marked in hypertensive (20 ± 3 mmHg) than in normotensive subjects (9 ± 2 mmHg) and did not produce any change in sodium balance.
4. Captopril exaggerated the response of arterial pressure to volume expansion since mean arterial pressure increased more markedly after than before captopril in both normotensive (18.7 ± 3.8%) and hypertensive subjects (16.9 ± 3.7%).
5. Captopril blunted the exaggerated natriuretic response to volume expansion observed in patients with essential hypertension, whereas the renal response was unchanged in normotensive subjects.
Research Policies in Mild Hypertension and the Role of the WHO/ISH Liaison Committee
Authors: Strasser T. 
Published: August 2015

1. A number of major therapeutic trials in mild hypertension were conducted from 1972 to 1980. With one exception, there was little or no coordination between the trials, although they were dealing with the same problem.
2. A Joint WHO/ISH Mild Hypertension Liaison Committee was set up after most of the trials had started. The objective of the Committee, to promote information exchange and comparisons among the trials, was attained. Certain similarities and disparities between the trials were also identified.
3. Some of the disparities proved useful because they made it possible to analyse the problem from different points of view. Others did not introduce any new elements but, on the contrary, hampered inter-trial comparability.
4. Early standardization of methodological details in such trials is essential, particularly if several studies are to investigate the same problem. This would be possible only if prior agreement were reached concerning research policy, especially in rapidly developing fields of hypertension research.
Captopril: Evaluation of Low Doses, Twice-Daily Doses and the Addition of Diuretic for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Hypertension
Authors:   Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents, Materson Barry J. 
Published: August 2015

1. We randomized 475 men whose diastolic blood pressure was 92–109 mmHg to either placebo- or captopril-treated (37.5, 75 and 150 mg/day) groups for 7 weeks.
2. After 7 weeks, the placebo-treated patients were given hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg twice daily), as were two-thirds of each captopril-treated group, and they were observed for 7 additional weeks.
3. Captopril reduced blood pressure by 12.2 ± 0.8/9.4 ± 0.4 mmHg at 7 weeks (n = 323) and captopril plus placebo by 10.3 ± 1.9/10.2 ± 0.9 at 14 weeks (n = 83); placebo by 20 ± 1.7/3.4 ± 0.8 (n = 76); captopril plus hydrochlorothiazide by 24.4 ± 1.1/16.2 ± 0.6 (n = 173). The effect of low-dose captopril was similar to that of a high dose. The effect of twice-daily captopril appeared to be equal to that of thrice-daily treatment but monitoring studies are needed to confirm this.
4. Only 15 out of 384 (3.9%) of patients were dropped from the study because of adverse effects.
5. Low-dose captopril may be useful in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
Prevention and Reversal of Malignant Hypertension in Dahl S Rats by Nifedipine
Authors: Garthoff B. , Kazda S. , Luckhaus G. , Nash G. 
Published: August 2015

1. Addition of nifedipine to a high salt diet prevented the development of malignant hypertension in the Dahl salt-sensitive strain (Brookhaven) of rats (DS rats).
2. In DS rats with a pre-existent malignant hypertension nifedipine normalized blood pressure, which then correlated with a lower incidence and degree of vasculopathy.
3. Nifedipine appeared to counteract the effect of a supposed humoral pressor agent in DS rats.
Acute Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of Sublingual Nifedipine: A Clinical Study
Authors: Wasir Harbans S. , Rao Seshagiri P. 
Published: August 2015

1. Nifedipine, a slow-channel calcium blocker, causes smooth muscle relaxation and thereby results in falls in peripheral vascular resistance and systemic arterial pressure.
2. In an uncontrolled open study nifedipine was given sublingually to 10 patients with blood pressures of 180/120 mmHg or above.
3. After a single dose of 10 mg, all patients showed a significant reduction in blood pressure within 10 min. The maximum effect was seen at around 1 h and blood pressure was reduced for up to 6 h or more.
4. Two patients with chronic renal failure and one with phaeochromocytoma also showed a similar antihypertensive response.
Effects of Myeloid Leukaemic Blast Cell Extract on Sodium Transport in Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Mir M. Afzal 
Published: August 2015

1. Previous studies have shown that leukaemic plasma inhibits sodium efflux from erythrocytes. In this study the effect of an extract of myeloid leukaemic blast cells on sodium efflux was investigated.
2. Blast cell extract decreased the sodium efflux rate constant in erythrocytes from 0.395 ± sem 0.028 to 0.310 ± 0.018 (P &lt; 0.02), whereas a leucocyte extract had no significant effect.
3. The extract had an inhibitory effect after heating at 80° C for 30 min, and in the presence of ouabain and frusemide alone or in combination.
4. These studies suggest that myeloid leukaemic blast cells contain a heat stable factor which inhibits the efflux of sodium at least in part through a pathway which is not inhibited by ouabain or frusemide.
Sex Differences of Hepatic Conjugation of Bilirubin Determine its Maximal Biliary Excretion in Non-Anaesthetized Male and Female Rats
Authors: Muraca Maurizio , De Groote Jan , Fevery Johan 
Published: August 2015

1. Hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity was higher in female than in male rats; gonadectomy decreased enzyme activity in females and increased it in males. This sex difference in bilirubin conjugation was further used to evaluate the effect of differences in conjugation on the maximal biliary excretion of bilirubin in the non-anaesthetized rat.
2. After infusion of bilirubin, the maximal biliary excretory rate (Tm) and maximal concentration of bilirubin in bile were respectively 70% and 40% higher in female than in male rats; these values were decreased in females after ovariectomy and increased in males after orchiectomy. A linear relationship was found (r = 0.86; P &lt; 0.001) between bilirubin Tm and hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in the four groups of rats, suggesting that conjugation was the rate-limiting step for the maximal hepatic transport of bilirubin.
3. At the end of bilirubin infusion, bilirubin conjugates in serum, determined by alkaline methanolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography, ranged from 0.5 to 1.4% of total bilirubin. Therefore no significant reflux of conjugated bilirubin occurred during saturation of the hepatic transport of the pigment, once more suggesting that the secretory step was not rate-limiting.
4. The composition of bilirubin conjugates in bile was similar in the four groups of rats, despite significant differences in transferase activity. This suggests that the relative proportion of bilirubin mono- and di-conjugates in bile is affected by factors other than transferase activity alone. Relatively more monoconjugates were excreted under the bilirubin load than in basal conditions.
Whole-Body Protein Turnover before and after Resection of Colorectal Tumours
Authors: Glass R. E. , Fern E. B. , Garlick P. J. 
Published: August 2015

1. The rate of whole-body nitrogen flux; protein synthesis and protein breakdown were measured in patients with colorectal cancer (Dukes A—C) just before and 12 weeks after surgical removal of the tumour. The rates were determined from the urinary excretion of 15N in ammonia and in urea over a 9 h period after an oral dose of [15N]glycine.
2. The food intake during the 2 study days was identical for individual patients. The amount each received was determined from measurement of their intake of food ad libitum on the day preceding the pre-operative study and was consumed in six equal portions every 2 h during the experimental period.
3. No significant differences in the rates of nitrogen flux, protein synthesis and protein breakdown were found before and after tumour resection, whether calculated from the excretion of 15N in ammonia or in urea. Some changes in flux, both increases and decreases, were observed in individual patients after tumour removal but these could not be related to classification of the tumour, or to the presence of pre-operative anorexia or weight loss.
4. The results suggest that the primary tumour itself does not alter the overall rate of protein metabolism in the whole body.
Effect of Hypokalaemia on the Ouabain-Sensitive Sodium Transport and the Ouabain-Binding Capacity in Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Rubython E. Jill , Morgan D. B. 
Published: August 2015

1. The sodium content, the ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux and efflux rate constant and the ouabain-binding capacity were measured in the erythrocytes of 53 patients with hypokalaemia and in 37 healthy controls. The sodium content alone was measured in a further 57 patients with hypokalaemia.
2. In the patients with hypokalaemia there was an increase in the average sodium content of the erythrocytes, which was entirely due to a reduction in the ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constant.
3. The ratio of the ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constant to the number of sodium pumps was decreased in the patients with hypokalaemia, and was directly related to the plasma potassium.
4. Many patients with moderate hypokalaemia had normal erythrocyte sodium and potassium contents and normal ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constant. These patients had an increased number of sodium pumps, which compensated for the inhibitory effect of hypokalaemia on each sodium pump.
5. This increase in the number of sodium pumps was common even in patients who had probably had hypokalaemia for less than 2 weeks. This finding suggests that there are latent sodium pumps within the circulating erythrocytes.
Effects of Dietary Sodium on Circadian Rhythm and Physiological Responses of 18-Hydroxycorticosterone
Authors: Sowers James R. , Martin Victor I. , Beck Frances W. J. 
Published: August 2015

1. The effects of dietary sodium intake on plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB) responses to physiological stimuli and recumbent 24-h-plasma 18-OHB levels have been examined in nine normal male subjects.
2. Basal supine levels of 18-OHB during a 40 mmol of sodium intake period (62.5 ± 6.0 ng/dl) were considerably greater (P &lt; 0.0001) than the levels during a 200 mmol of sodium intake period (9.8 ± 1.2 ng/dl). Further incremental and percentage changes of 18-OHB in response to graded dose infusions of angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were greater during the 40 mmol of sodium intake period.
3. Although the mean 24 h levels of plasma 18-OHB during the 40 mmol of sodium intake period (43.9 ± 4.0 ng/dl) were greater (P &lt; 0.001) than those during the 200 mmol of sodium intake period (9.4 ± 1.2 ng/dl), the circadian rhythm of 18-OHB secretion was similar under the two extremes of sodium intake.
4. Factors which increase angiotensin II levels, such as sodium restriction, isometric exercise and angiotensin infusion, selectively increase 18-OHB and aldosterone, suggesting that angiotensin II increases 18-OHB and aldosterone secretion, in part, by modulation of the 18-hydroxylation reaction involved in conversion of corticosterone into 18-OHB.
Binding of Testosterone and Oestradiol to Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, Human Serum Albumin and other Plasma Proteins: Evidence for Non-Specific Binding of Oestradiol to Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
Authors: Iqbal M. Jawed , Dalton Maureen , Sawers Robert S. 
Published: August 2015

1. The percentage binding of testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2) to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and human serum albumin (HSA) was determined over a range of SHBG concentrations of 16–250 nmol of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) bound/l. It was found that the binding of both T and E2 to HSA was a function of their binding to SHBG and bore an inverse relationship to it. After removal of both SHBG and HSA from plasma by affinity chromatography a ‘residual’ binding of about 11% for T and 12% for E2 was still apparent. in addition to the specific high-affinity, low capacity binding of E2 to SHBG, non-specific low-affinity binding of 7–12% was demonstrated after selective denaturation of the specific binding site of the latter.
2. Competition studies indicated that although at the relatively higher levels of SHBG found in the normal female the physiological concentrations of E2, T and DHT need not be taken into account in estimating the unbound fractions of steroids, at the relatively lower levels of SHBG found in normal men and hirsute women, the physiological concentrations of T and DHT are effective in causing statistically significant displacement of E2 from the common, specific binding site on SHBG.
3. A simple computerized technique is described for the determination of fractions of E2 and T respectively, that are unbound to SHBG, unbound to SHBG and HSA, and unbound to all plasma proteins, when the total plasma levels of E2, T, DHT and SHBG are known.
Alterations in Tyrosine and Protein Kinetics Produced by Injury and Branched Chain Amino Acid Administration in Rats
Authors: Sakamoto Akio , Moldawer Lyle L. , Palombo John D. , Desai Sukumar P. , Bistrian Bruce R. , Blackburn George L. 
Published: August 2015

1. To determine whether the alterations in amino acid metabolism after injury were a result of changes in protein synthesis, whole body tyrosine and individual tissue protein kinetics were estimated 24 h after three different forms of stress in rats.
2. in addition, injured rats were either starved or infused with 180 mg of nitrogen/day (as branched chain amino acids or l-alanine) to ascertain whether the mechanism and degree of nitrogen sparing were unique to branched chain amino acid administration or whether they could be attributed to the infusion of α-amino nitrogen.
3. in the more catabolic types of injury, increased nitrogen loss during starvation appeared to be due to both an increased plasma amino acid appearance and a greater percentage being oxidized. Rates of tyrosine incorporation into whole body protein were also enhanced and could be explained in part by increases in the fractional synthesis rate of hepatic non-secretory protein.
4. Both branched chain amino acid and l-alanine administration reduced endogenous tyrosine oxidation and improved nitrogen balance. However, branched chain amino acid administration significantly increased amino acid incorporation into whole body protein and fractional synthetic rates of skeletal muscle, kidney and hepatic non-secretory protein.
5. It is concluded that the catabolic response to severe injury is consistent with increased rates of plasma amino acid appearance and branched chain amino acid administration spares body protein by improving amino acid utilization for whole body protein synthesis.
Effect of Aspirin on Urinary Excretion of 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1α
Authors: Jones P. B. B. , Russell R. G. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. We studied the effect of oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (1200 mg/day for 3 days) on the urinary excretion of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α in normal human subjects as an index of prostacyclin production in vivo.
2. The concentrations and excretion rate in urine fell to 45% of pretreatment levels in 3 days, but returned to pretreatment values after 7 days.
3. These results suggest that production of prostacyclin in vivo is only partially inhibited by high doses of aspirin and that there are sites of production of prostacyclin which are protected from inhibition by aspirin and which contribute to urinary 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α. The measurement of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α in urine may therefore be of only limited value as an index of the metabolism of vascular tissue in vivo.