bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room‐Temperature Decarboxylative Couplings of α‐Oxocarboxylates with Aryl Halides by Merging Photoredox with Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Cheng Wan‐Min , Shang Rui , Yu Hai‐Zhu , Fu Yao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEnabled by merging iridium photoredox catalysis and palladium catalysis, α‐oxocarboxylate salts can be decarboxylatively coupled with aryl halides to generate aromatic ketones and amides at room temperature. DFT calculations suggest that this reaction proceeds through a Pd0–PdII–PdIII pathway, in which the PdIII intermediate is responsible for reoxidizing IrII to complete the IrIII–*IrIII–IrII photoredox cycle.
Global Dynamics of the Lotka‐Volterra Competition‐Diffusion System: Diffusion and Spatial Heterogeneity I
Authors: He Xiaoqing , Ni Wei‐Ming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the first part of this series of three papers, we investigate the combined effects of diffusion, spatial variation, and competition ability on the global dynamics of a classical Lotka‐Volterra competition‐diffusion system. We establish the main results that determine the global asymptotic stability of semitrivial as well as coexistence steady states. Hence a complete understanding of the change in dynamics is obtained immediately. Our results indicate/confirm that, when spatial heterogeneity is included in the model, “diffusion‐driven exclusion” could take place when the diffusion rates and competition coefficients of both species are chosen appropriately.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Online optimization scheduling for scientific workflows with deadline constraint on hybrid clouds
Authors: Lin Bing , Guo Wenzhong , Lin Xiuyan 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe tremendous parallel computing ability of cloud computing encourages investigators to research its drawbacks and advantages on processing large‐scale scientific applications such as workflows. The current cloud market is composed of numerous diverse public clouds and a local private cloud, and workflow scheduling is one of the biggest challenges on hybrid clouds due to the highly fragmented cloud market with respect to service provisions, pricing models, and bandwidths. In this paper, we propose an online‐scheduling strategy for continuous submitted scientific workflows on hybrid clouds, which aims to complete the deadline‐constrained applications as more as possible at a lower price. Firstly, a hierarchical iterative application partition (HIAP) algorithm is proposed to partition the application into a set of dependent tasks. Moreover, many online‐scheduling algorithms cooperated with HIAP are presented to finish the workflows with a low average payment. Our strategy takes into account the basic characteristics on hybrid clouds such as bandwidth constraints, data transfer cost and computational cost. Various well‐known workflows are used for evaluating the multiple scheduling algorithms and the results show that the MLF_ID approach can achieve a promising performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards optimized scheduling for data‐intensive scientific workflow in multiple datacenter environment
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Wang Mingjun , Luo Junzhou , Dong Fang , Zhang Junxue 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn the big data era, scientific workflow exhibits the characteristics of data intensity and becomes increasingly popular in scientific domains. Efficient scheduling of data‐intensive scientific workflow in a multiple datacenter (DC) environment has been a long‐standing challenge. Most of previous work on data‐intensive scientific workflow scheduling primarily focused on the optimization of reducing the volumes of data transfer between workflow tasks. In this paper, novel scheduling strategies for the execution of data‐intensive scientific workflow in multi‐DC environment are proposed aiming at the optimization of the overall data transfer time. A novel DC selection approach is proposed to minimize the number of DCs having enough storage capacity for the execution of scientific workflow as well as optimized inter‐DC network bandwidth for efficient data transfer between workflow tasks. A k‐means clustering‐based data placement strategy is adopted to intelligently place the initial data of scientific workflow thereby reducing the volume of initial data transfer between different DCs. A multilevel task replication scheduling strategy is invented to reduce the volumes of intermediate data transfer between DCs during the runtime of the scientific workflow. Simulations spanning a broad range of scientific workflow and multi‐DC settings are performed in order to verify the proposed approaches. The numerical results show that our combined scheduling strategy significantly reduces the overall data transfer time and data transfer volume when scientific workflow is scheduled in multi‐DC environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An agent‐oriented, trust‐aware approach to improve the QoS in dynamic grid federations
Authors: De Meo Pasquale , Messina Fabrizio , Rosaci Domenico , Sarné Giuseppe M. L. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a distributed approach aimed at improving the quality of service in dynamic grid federations is presented. Virtual organizations (VO) are grouped into large‐scale federations in which the original goals and scheduling mechanisms are left unchanged, while grid nodes can be quickly instructed to join or leave any VO at any time. Moreover, an agent‐oriented framework is designed to observe and characterize past behaviors of nodes in terms of resource sharing and consumption, as well as to determine the trust relationships occurring between each pair of nodes. By combining trust and historical behaviors into a unified convenience measure, software agents are able to evaluate the (i) advantages of node's membership with VOs and (ii) whether a specific set of nodes is able to meet the actual requirements, in terms of resource sharing and consumption of a specific VO. The convenience measure has been exploited to design a fully decentralized, greedy procedure, aimed at controlling the grid formation process. Extensive simulations have shown that the coordinated and decentralized process of grid formation provides a powerful means to improve the overall quality of service of the grid federation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P3‐Type Layered Sodium‐Deficient Nickel–Manganese Oxides: A Flexible Structural Matrix for Reversible Sodium and Lithium Intercalation
Authors: Kalapsazova Maria , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Tirado Jose L. , Dolotko Oleksandr , Zhecheva Ekaterina , Nihtianova Diana , Mihaylov Lyuben , Stoyanova Radostina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSodium‐deficient nickel–manganese oxides exhibit a layered structure, which is flexible enough to acquire different layer stacking. The effect of layer stacking on the intercalation properties of P3‐NaxNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (x=0.50, 0.67) and P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2, for use as cathodes in sodium‐ and lithium‐ion batteries, is examined. For P3‐Na0.67Ni0.5Mn0.5O2, a large trigonal superstructure with 2√3 a×2√3 a×2 c is observed, whereas for P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 there is a superstructure with reduced lattice parameters. In sodium cells, P3 and P2 phases intercalate sodium reversibly at a well‐expressed voltage plateau. Preservation of the P3‐type structure during sodium intercalation determines improving cycling stability of the P3 phase within an extended potential range, in comparison with that for the P2 phase, for which a P2–O2 phase transformation has been found. Between 2.0 and 4.0 V, P3 and P2 phases display an excellent rate capability. In lithium cells, the P3 phase intercalates lithium, accompanied by a P3–O3 structural transformation. The in situ generated O3 phase, containing lithium and sodium simultaneously, determines the specific voltage profile of P3‐NaxNi0.5Mn0.5O2. The P2 phase does not display any reversible lithium intercalation. The P3 phase demonstrates a higher capacity at lower rates in lithium cells, whereas in sodium cells P3‐NaxNi0.5Mn0.5O2 operates better at higher rates. These findings reveal the unique ability of sodium‐deficient nickel–manganese oxides with a P3‐type structure for application as low‐cost electrode materials in both sodium‐ and lithium‐ion batteries.
Composite Noble‐Metal Films/H+‐Conducting Solid‐Polymer Electrolyte Assemblies: The Nitrate‐Reduction Activity in an Asymmetric Sandwich‐Type Reactor
Authors: Hasnat Mohammad A. , Islam Muhammad Amirul , Aoun S. Ben , Safwan Jamil A. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAsymmetric (Pt|Nafion|Pt–Pd–Cu) assemblies were fabricated to study the nitrate‐reduction reaction (NRR) at the cathode surface. The influence of the material composition, supplied current, and applied potential on the reactivity, kinetics, and product selectivity were thoroughly investigated. The cathode assembly consisting of 54 atom % Pt showed enhanced reactivity both in binary (Pt–Pd; k1≈10.7×10−3 min−1) and ternary (Cu–Pt–Pd; k1≈28.6×10−3 min−1) states. This composition was found to be highly nitrite‐selective (80 % in the binary state and 53 % in the ternary state). The mechanistic studies revealed that the reduction of nitrate ions to ammonia proceeded through a catalytic hydrogenation reaction followed by electrochemical hydrogen generation.
First Demonstration of the Applicability of the Latent Pigment Approach to Plastic Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Mattiello Sara , Sanzone Alessandro , Brazzo Paolo , Sassi Mauro , Beverina Luca 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPlanar luminescent solar concentrators are slabs of high optical quality materials doped with luminophores. Such devices enable the collection of solar light over a large area, followed by concentrated emission at the slab edges due to total internal reflection. The luminophore plays a central role as it is responsible for light absorption over the largest possible fraction of the solar spectrum and efficient emission. We show how the latent pigment approach makes it possible to prepare bulk‐polymerized single‐layer luminescent solar concentrators doped with the high performance pigments quinacridone and perylenediimide. The process is advantageous in terms of overall synthetic efficiency for both quinacridone and perylendiimide. In the former case a sizeable improvement in photostability is also demonstrated.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cou­pling of Aryl Esters and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: LaBerge Nicole A. , Love Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA variety of functionalized biaryls can be accessed by coupling aryl and heteroaryl esters with boronic acids in Suzuki–Miyaura‐type decarbonylative cross‐coupling catalyzed by an affordable catalyst system composed of Ni(cod)2 and PCy3. The methodology is tolerant of a variety of functional groups and presents an attractive alternative to the use of palladium catalysis currently used in industry to acquire such bis(hetero)aryls, but also reveals challenges associated with nickel catalysis of esters in cross‐coupling chemistry.
Evaluation of approximate methods to estimate residual drift demands in steel framed buildings
Authors: Ruiz‐García Jorge , Chora Carlos 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper presents the evaluation of two approximate methods recently proposed in the literature to estimate residual (permanent) drift demands at the end of earthquake excitation for seismic assessment of buildings. Both methods require an estimate of the peak (maximum) interstory drift demand and the corresponding drift demand at significant yielding of the building. Additionally, an approximate method is proposed as part of this study. The introduced method follows a coefficient‐based approach similar to the Coefficient Method included in several US documents. For evaluating the approximate methods, five moment‐resisting steel framed buildings having different number of stories were analyzed under four sets of earthquake ground motions. Quantification of the accuracy of the approximate methods to estimate residual drift demands with respect to results from nonlinear time‐history analyses was performed through error measures computed for each building and each set of earthquake ground motions. Results show that the mean standard error tends to increase as the seismic hazard level increases. Between the two methods, the method introduced by Erochkoet al. seems more effective in predicting residual drift demands than that proposed in the FEMA P‐58 recommendations in the USA. It is demonstrated that including additional sources of stiffness and strength in the modeling approach constrains the amplitude of residual drift demands. As a beneficial consequence, the accuracy of both approximate methods in predicting residual drift demands is significantly improved (i.e., mean standard error decreases). The introduced method also provides similar accuracy than the approximate methods available in the literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Meta‐Analysis Examining the Influence of Pro‐Eating Disorder Websites on Body Image and Eating Pathology
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Lowy Alice S. , Halperin Daniella M. , Franko Debra L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPrevious research has indicated that exposure to pro‐eating disorder websites might increase eating pathology; however, the magnitude of this effect is unknown. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the effect of exposure to pro‐eating disorder websites on body image and eating pathology. Studies examining the relationship between exposure to pro‐eating disorder websites and eating pathology‐related outcomes were included. The systematic review identified nine studies. Findings revealed significant effect sizes of exposure to pro‐eating disorder websites on body image dissatisfaction (five studies), d = .41, p = .003; dieting (six studies), d = .68, p < .001, and negative affect (three studies), d = 1.00, p < .001. No effect emerged for bulimic symptoms (four studies), d = .22, p = .73. Findings confirmed the effect of pro‐eating disorder websites on body image and eating pathology, highlighting the need for enforceable regulation of these websites. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Cross‐layer routing and optimal radio resource allocation in OFDMA‐based cognitive radio ad‐hoc networks: spectrum sensing strategy
Authors: MirMotahhary Navid , Pourmina Mohammad Ali 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a cross‐layer routing and radio resource allocation in an orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access‐based wireless cognitive radio ad hoc networks, where the availability of local spectrum resources may change instantaneously. The main objective is to determine sensing time, the data routes, subcarrier schedules and power allocations that maximize throughput of the data communicated subject to the transmission power, interference, routing and capacity constraints. We propose an iterative algorithm that optimises the subcarrier allocation and the power allocation alternatively routing in spectrum sensing based cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Finally, we provide simulation results to show the performance of the proposed algorithms and validate our theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olanzapine as the ideal “trip terminator”? Analysis of online reports relating to antipsychotics' use and misuse following occurrence of novel psychoactive substance‐related psychotic symptoms
Authors: Valeriani Giuseppe , Corazza Ornella , Bersani Francesco Saverio , Melcore Claudia , Metastasio Antonio , Bersani Giuseppe , Schifano Fabrizio 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe pharmacological self‐management of novel psychoactive substance (NPS)‐induced psychopathological consequences represents a fast growing phenomenon. This is facilitated by the frequent sharing of NPS intake experiences online and by the ease of access to a range of psychotropic medications from both the online and street market. Olanzapine is anecdotally reported by Web users to be the most frequent self‐prescribed medication to cope with NPS‐induced psychoses. Hence, we aimed here at better assessing olanzapine use/misuse for this purpose.MethodsExploratory qualitative searches of 163 discussion fora/specialized websites have been carried out in four languages (English, German, Spanish, and Italian) in the time frame November 2012–2013.ResultsMost NPS‐users allegedly self administer with olanzapine to manage related psychotic crises/“bad trips”. This may be typically taken only for a few days, at a dosage range of 5–50 mg/day.ConclusionsOnly a few research studies have formally assessed the effectiveness of olanzapine and indeed of other second‐generation antipsychotics to treat NPS‐induced psychosis. Olanzapine was suggested here from a range of pro drug websites as being the “ideal” molecule to terminate “bad trips”. Health professionals should be informed about the risks related to olanzapine misuse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Greater sexual risk‐taking in female and male recreational MDMA/ecstasy users compared with alcohol drinkers: a questionnaire study
Authors: May Aimee L. , Parrott Andrew C. 
Published: July 2015

AimsPrevious studies have shown increased sexual risk‐taking in experienced MDMA/ecstasy users. The main objectives of this study were to compare levels of sexual risk‐taking between a young student sample of predominantly heterosexual MDMA users and alcohol‐drinker controls and investigate potential gender differences.MethodsRecreational drug use and sexual risk questionnaires were completed by 20 MDMA users (10 females, 10 males) and 20 non‐user controls (10 females, 10 males). They were predominantly university students, aged between 20–22 years, mainly heterosexual (n = 37), with three bisexual participants.ResultsMDMA users displayed significantly greater levels of sexual risk‐taking than the alcohol‐drinker controls. It involved significantly higher rates of casual sex, non‐condom use during sex, and penetrative sexual risks. This increase in sexual riskiness occurred to a similar extent in males and females.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that both female and male ecstasy/MDMA users reported more risky sexual behaviours, than the non‐user controls. Further research into the sexual behaviour and sexual risk‐taking of heterosexual MDMA users should be conducted because much of the past literature has focused on homosexual participants. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal cocaine exposure and child outcomes: a conference report based on a prospective study from Cleveland
Authors: Singer Lynn T. , Minnes Sonia , Min Meeyoung O. , Lewis Barbara A. , Short Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe study aims to describe developmental outcomes from a longitudinal prospective cohort (Cleveland study) of prenatally cocaine‐exposed (CE) infants.MethodsTwo hundred eighteen CE and 197 nonexposed infants were enrolled at birth and followed through mid‐adolescence. Birth CE status was determined by interview and biologic measures. Multiple demographic, drug, and environmental correlates were controlled. Standardized, normative, reliable measures of fetal growth, intelligence quotient (IQ), behavior, executive function, and language were given at each age and risk for substance misuse assessed in adolescence. A subset of children received volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 years and functional MRI at 14 years. The effect of CE was determined through multiple regression analyses controlling for confounders.ResultsCocaine exposed had significant negative effects on fetal growth, attention, executive function, language, and behavior, while overall IQ was not affected. CE had significant negative effects on perceptual reasoning IQ and visual–motor skills and predicted lower volume of corpus callosum and decreased gray matter in the occipital and parietal lobes. CE children had higher risk for substance misuse. Confounding risk factors had additive effects on developmental outcomes.ConclusionsPrenatal exposure to cocaine was related to poorer perceptual organization IQ, visual–spatial information processing, attention, language, executive function, and behavior regulation through early adolescence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting a signal in the noise: monitoring the global spread of novel psychoactive substances using media and other open‐source information
Authors: Young Matthew M. , Dubeau Chad , Corazza Ornella 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and utility of using media reports and other open‐source information collected by the Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN), an event‐based surveillance system operated by the Public Health Agency of Canada, to rapidly detect clusters of adverse drug events associated with ‘novel psychoactive substances’ (NPS) at the international level.Methods and ResultsResearchers searched English media reports collected by the GPHIN between 1997 and 2013 for references to synthetic cannabinoids. They screened the resulting reports for relevance and content (i.e., reports of morbidity and arrest), plotted and compared with other available indicators (e.g., US poison control center exposures). The pattern of results from the analysis of GPHIN reports resembled the pattern seen from the other indicators.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that using media and other open‐source information can help monitor the presence, usage, local policy, law enforcement responses, and spread of NPS in a rapid effective way. Further, modifying GPHIN to actively track NPS would be relatively inexpensive to implement and would be highly complementary to current national and international monitoring efforts. © 2015 The Authors. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel psychoactive substances: use and knowledge among adolescents and young adults in urban and rural areas
Authors: Martinotti Giovanni , Lupi Matteo , Carlucci Leonardo , Cinosi Eduardo , Santacroce Rita , Acciavatti Tiziano , Chillemi Eleonora , Bonifaci Ludovica , Janiri Luigi , Di Giannantonio Massimo 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionNovel psychoactive substances (NPS) are new psychotropic drugs, not scheduled under the International Conventions on Psychotropic Substances, but which may pose a relevant public health threat. In this study, we investigated knowledge and use of NPS in a sample of Italian youth in urban and rural areas.MethodsBetween December 2012 and October 2013, we administered a questionnaire to a sample of 3011 healthy subjects (44.7% men; 55.3% women), aged between 16 and 24 years and recruited in urban, intermediate and rural areas of Italy.ResultsOf the global sample, 53.3% declared to have some knowledge on NPS, with a higher knowledge in urban areas. Mephedrone (26%), desomorphine (22.6%) and methamphetamine (21.7%) were the most commonly known drugs. NPS use was reported by 4.7% of the sample, without significant differences between urban and rural areas; mephedrone (3.3%), synthetic cannabinoids (1.2%) and Salvia divinorum (0.3%) consumption has been identified. NPS use was also predictive of binge‐drinking behaviours (χ2(4) = 929.58, p < .001).DiscussionUrban areas may represent a focal point for preventive strategies, given the presence of higher levels of NPS knowledge. Moreover, the association between binge‐drinking habits and NPS use was really strong. This issue should not be underestimated because of its medical, psychopathological and social consequences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.