bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of electromyographic fatigue threshold during treadmill running
Authors: Crozara Luciano F. , Castro Alex , De Almeida Neto Antonio F. , Laroche Dain P. , Cardozo Adalgiso C. , Gonçalves Mauro 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We investigated 2 different methods for determining muscle fatigue threshold by electromyography (EMG). Methods: Thirteen subjects completed an incremental treadmill running protocol for EMG fatigue threshold (EMGFT) determination based on the critical power concept (EMGFT1) and the breakpoint in the linear relationship between EMG amplitude and exercise intensity (EMGFT2). Then, both the EMGFT1 and EMGFT2 were tested in a continuous treadmill running protocol. EMG was recorded from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles. Results: For BF, EMGFT2 was higher than EMGFT1, and EMGFT1 for BF was lower than EMGFT1 for LG. EMG of RF was higher at EMGFT2 than at EMGFT1, and LG EMG was lower at EMGFT2. Conclusions: EMGFT can be determined during a single treadmill running test, and EMGFT1 may be the most appropriate method to estimate the muscle fatigue threshold during running. Muscle Nerve 52: 1030–1039, 2015
Neurocognitive evaluation of long term survivors of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT): The Canadian registry experience
Authors: Lafay‐Cousin Lucie , Fay‐McClymont Taryn , Johnston Donna , Fryer Chris , Scheinemann Katrin , Fleming Adam , Hukin Juliette , Janzen Laura , Guger Sharon , Strother Douglas , Mabbott Donald , Huang Annie , Bouffet Eric 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundBecause atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor(ATRT) is a rare disease of infancy carrying a grim prognosis, focus on long‐term outcome, especially neurocognitive remained very limited. With new era of multimodality therapy, an increasing proportion of patients are now long‐term survivors.ProcedureRetrospective review of neuropsychological (NP) status of survivors from the Canadian ATRT registry.ResultsAmong 77 patients diagnosed between 1995–2012, 16(22%) were survivors. Formal NP assessments were available in eight patients. Partial information on academic achievement was available on three additional patients. There were four girls and seven boys diagnosed at a median age of 27.5 months. Seven patients underwent complete resection and three had metastatic disease. All but one received sequential high dose chemotherapy. Five patients received intrathecal chemotherapy. Three patients underwent radiation. Median age at time of formal NP assessment was 7.6 years (3.9–9.8). Full Scale Intellectual Quotient (FSIQ) ranged from less than 50–119 (mean 78). Simple expressive and receptive language appeared relatively preserved. Three recently diagnosed patients (median time assessment from diagnosis 2.6 years (1.6–4.7)) had average to high average FSIQ, academic and visual spatial skills, visual, and verbal memory. Five other patients diagnosed earlier and tested at a median time of 4.9 years (3.3–8.3) post‐diagnosis had a FSIQ ranging from <50 to 71. Approximately 50% of their scores were in the impaired range.ConclusionOverall this cohort appears significantly impaired at school age despite the absence of systematic radiotherapy. Larger series focusing on neurocognitive outcome are needed in the current context where treatment strategies include adjuvant radiation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1265–1269. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile preparation of highly conductive, flexible, and strong carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite films
Authors: Xiao Hong‐Mei , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Na Li , Huang Gui‐Wen , Liu Yu , Fu Shao‐Yun 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn general, the high electrical conductivity (EC) comes into conflict with the good flexibility and high strength of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyaniline (PANI) composites. In other words, a high CNT content will bring about a high EC but lead to a low flexibility and strength due to the CNT‐constrained matrix deformation and CNT aggregation. In this work, a highly conductive, flexible and strong CNT/PANI composite film prepared via a facile solvent‐evaporation method is readily obtained by a cold stretching. The cold stretching is conducted at room temperature for the CNT/PANI film. It is observed that the cold stretching process leads to an unexpectedly enhanced EC. The as‐obtained EC of 231 S/cm is much higher than that (2–50 S/cm) of the previously reported CNT/PANI composite films. Meanwhile, the strength is obviously improved over that of the pure PANI film and the good flexibility is maintained to a high degree by the introduction of a proper CNT content. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1575–1585
Attracting and Retaining Foreign Highly Skilled Staff in Times of Global Crisis: a Case Study of Vancouver, British Columbia's Biotechnology Sector
Authors: Richardson Kathrine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHow cities attract and retain hard‐won foreign talent in times of economic crisis is an under‐researched theme. This paper draws on surveys of firms and allied professionals in the Vancouver biotechnology sector to examine the strategies used to attract and retain highly skilled staff over a 10‐year period up to 2012. It argues that the foreign highly skilled within Vancouver's biotechnology sector were more prone to crisis at the level of the firm than they were directly vulnerable to the global financial recession of the early 2000s and 2008. In fact, these crises required firms interviewed to become highly dependent on local and regional auxiliary professionals such as human resource managers and professional immigration attorneys, in addition to spouses, in order to retain these highly skilled foreign professionals within the host city of Vancouver. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of spin–orbit coupling on actinium under pressure
Authors: Rubio‐Ponce A. , Rivera J. , Olguí n D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractActinium (Ac) is a radioactive metal and the first element of the actinide series. At ambient conditions Ac crystallizes in the fcc lattice, however, up to date its phase diagram is unknown. In the present work, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of Ac under hydrostatic pressure assuming the fcc structure as well as three hypothetical structures, namely the hcp, bcc, and sc, and for pressures up to 100 GPa. From our calculations, we found only one structural transition allowed, from the fcc to hcp, our calculated pressure was 39.85 GPa. The calculations were performed by means of the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange–correlation energy, where we have included in our study the spin–orbit coupling which is important for heavy elements. The total energy results were fitted to the third order Birch–Murnaghan's equation of state.
Investigation of stress, defect structure and electrical conduction in large diameter III‐nitride epitaxy on silicon substrates
Authors: Chung G. , Loboda M. J. , Carlson E. , Ewoldt D. , Ng T. , Shepherd D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe results of studies focused on understanding materials‐electrical correlations for GaN‐based films deposited on 150 mm diameter Si wafers in a batch MOCVD system are reported. A wide range of film stress and electrical conduction is observed at consistent and good X‐ray FWHM values. The vertical leakage currents show a strong asymmetry on the polarity of the bias voltage. Film stress (wafer bow) and impurity variations in the buffer layers show no correlation with leakage currents. Surface pit formation and conductive interfaces are critical to determine the leakage currents in buffer layers. TEM image confirms that surface pit stems from voids in Si substrate. The vertical leakage currents follow the Frenkel‐Poole conduction model at the trap energy of 0.7 eV. Vertical leakage currents measured in films can be reduced by a novel, post‐growth process. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High power blue AlGaInN LED chips with two‐level metallization
Authors: Zakheim D. A. , Itkinson G. V. , Kukushkin M. V. , Markov L. K. , Osipov O. V. , Pavluchenko A. S. , Smirnova I. P. , Bauman D. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we report on the development and fabrication of high power LED chips based on AlGaInN. These chips are meant for flip‐chip mounting and have novel contact pad topology utilizing two‐level metallization with the intermediate dielectric isolation. The size and shape of highly reflective ITO/Ag‐based p‐type and Ti/Ag based n‐type contact pads were adjusted with the use of the numerical simulations of current spreading. As a result, the developed chip has 1 mm2 active area and series resistance as low as 0.3 Ω. The fabricated LEDs demonstrate emission power of 542 mW at 350 mA and the maximum external quantum efficiency equal to 60%. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of bulk Mg‐doped GaN grown by high nitrogen pressure solution method
Authors: Dashdorj J. , Willoughby W. R. , Zvanut M. E. , Bockowski M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn acceptor‐related impurity was studied in bulk free standing GaN using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both undoped and Mg‐doped substrates grown by the high nitrogen pressure solution method were examined, but only the doped sample revealed the presence of an EPR‐detected center. Comparison with earlier work on p ‐type GaN films suggests that the defect is an acceptor, heavily compensated during growth. Photo‐EPR studies revealed a photo‐ionization threshold of 2.8 eV, which is interpreted as excitation of an electron from the acceptor to the conduction band. Based on the concentration and photo‐threshold, the EPR center detected in the HNPS doped samples is tentatively identified as Be, which SIMS measurements indicate is a trace impurity in the doped GaN sample. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of epitaxial growth of wurtzite GaN(0001)
Authors: Chugh Manjusha , Ranganathan Madhav 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA lattice based kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation is developed to describe growth of GaN(0001) in conditions typical of a molecular beam epitaxy unit. Deposition and surface diffusion via attachment and detachment of atoms are the main processes considered in this model. The energy barriers for surface diffusion are estimated from ab‐initio density functional theory calculations.From the ab‐initio calculations, we identify a rapid motion of N atoms attached to Ga adatoms. Preliminary kMC simulation results indicate that this motion allows N adatoms to move towards their preferred positions and thereby facilitate smooth growth prior to the formation of the protective Ga adlayer which is believed to promote smooth growth under Ga rich conditions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SCM and SIMS investigations of unintentional doping in III‐nitrides
Authors: Kappers M. J. , Zhu T. , Sahonta S.‐L. , Humphreys C. J. , Oliver R. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCross‐sectional scanning capacitance microscopy measurements of unintentionally doped model structures for InGaN quantum wells, GaN barriers and AlInN electron‐blocking layers showed n ‐type conductivity for the In‐containing layers. Secondary ion mass spectrometry indicated that oxygen impurities are the likely source of the electron density in the model layers. The n ‐type conductivity as well as the oxygen impurity level increases to ∼1018 cm‐3 for AlInN lattice‐matched to GaN. These results suggest that the background electron concentration due to oxygen impurities in indium‐containing layers needs to be considered in the design and theoretical modelling of device structures. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust iterative learning control for systems with norm‐bounded uncertainties
Authors: Li Xuefang , Huang Deqing , Chu Bing , Xu Jian‐Xin 
Published: March 2015

SummaryA new robust iterative learning control scheme is presented for state tracking control of nonlinear MIMO systems. The main characteristic of the proposed controller lies in its ability to deal with unstructured uncertainties that are norm‐bounded but not globally or locally Lipschitz continuous as usual. The classical resetting condition of iterative learning control is removed and replaced with more practical alignment condition. The class of systems to be considered is further extended to more general scenarios, in which input distribution uncertainties are included. In the end, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high capacity data hiding algorithm for H.264/AVC video
Authors: Fallahpour Mehdi , Shirmohammadi Shervin , Ghanbari Mohammad 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article presents an information hiding algorithm for H.264/AVC video stream. It utilizes position of the last nonzero level of quantized discrete cosine transform block to embed information bits. Because only the high‐frequency levels are changed, it can guarantee a high peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and slight increase in bit rate after the watermark embedding. The extraction process is not complex; thus, the proposed technique is an excellent solution for real‐time applications such as broadcasting. Experimental results on several test sequences demonstrate that the proposed approach can realize blind extraction with real‐time performance; it also provides very high capacity, low distortion and increase in bit rate by about 0.5%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activated K-Ras, but Not H-Ras or N-Ras, Regulates Brain Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in a Raf/Rb-Dependent Manner
Authors: Bender R. Hugh F. , Haigis Kevin M. , Gutmann David H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to all the major cell types in the brain, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that govern brain NSC proliferation and differentiation have been incompletely characterized to date. Since some neurodevelopmental brain disorders (Costello syndrome and Noonan syndrome) are caused by germline activating mutations in the RAS genes, Ras small GTPases are likely critical regulators of brain NSC function. In the mammalian brain, Ras exists as three distinct molecules (H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras), each with different subcellular localizations, downstream signaling effectors, and biological effects. Leveraging a novel series of conditional-activated Ras molecule-expressing genetically engineered mouse strains, we demonstrate that activated K-Ras, but not H-Ras or N-Ras, expression increases brain NSC growth in a Raf-dependent, but Mek-independent, manner. Moreover, we show that activated K-Ras regulation of brain NSC proliferation requires Raf binding and suppression of retinoblastoma (Rb) function. Collectively, these observations establish tissue-specific differences in activated Ras molecule regulation of brain cell growth that operate through a noncanonical mechanism. Stem Cells 2015;33:1998–2010
Adult DRG Stem/Progenitor Cells Generate Pericytes in the Presence of Central Nervous System (CNS) Developmental Cues, and Schwann Cells in Response to CNS Demyelination
Authors: Vidal Marie , Maniglier Madlyne , Deboux Cyrille , Bachelin Corinne , Zujovic Violetta , Baron-Van Evercooren Anne 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
It has been proposed that the adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) harbor neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from the neural crest. However, the thorough characterization of their stemness and differentiation plasticity was not addressed. In this study, we investigated adult DRG-NPC stem cell properties overtime, and their fate when ectopically grafted in the central nervous system. We compared them in vitro and in vivo to the well-characterized adult spinal cord-NPCs derived from the same donors. Using micro-dissection and neurosphere cultures, we demonstrate that adult DRG-NPCs have quasi unlimited self-expansion capacities without compromising their tissue specific molecular signature. Moreover, they differentiate into multiple peripheral lineages in vitro. After transplantation, adult DRG-NPCs generate pericytes in the developing forebrain but remyelinating Schwann cells in response to spinal cord demyelination. In addition, we show that axonal and endothelial/astrocytic factors as well astrocytes regulate the fate of adult DRG-NPCs in culture. Although the adult DRG-NPC multipotency is restricted to the neural crest lineage, their dual responsiveness to developmental and lesion cues highlights their impressive adaptive and repair potentials making them valuable targets for regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2015;33:2011–2024
TGFBIp regulates differentiation of EPC (CD133+c-kit+lin− cells) to EC through activation of the notch signaling pathway
Authors: Maeng Yong-Sun , Choi Yeon Jeong , Kim Eung Kweon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the circulatory system have been suggested to maintain vascular homeostasis and contribute to adult vascular regeneration and repair. These processes require that EPCs recognize the extracellular matrix (ECM), migrate, differentiate, and undergo tube morphogenesis. The ECM plays a critical role by providing biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate cellular behavior. Here, we tested the importance of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp) in regulation of the differentiation and angiogenic potential of human cord blood-derived EPCs (CD133+C-kit+Lin− cells). EPCs displayed increased endothelial differentiation when plated on TGFBIp compared to fibronectin. EPCs also exhibited increased adhesion and migration upon TGFBIp stimulation. Moreover, TGFBIp induced phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling molecules SRC, FAK, AKT, JNK, and ERK in EPCs. Using integrin-neutralizing antibodies, we showed that the effects of TGFBIp on EPCs are mediated by integrins α4 and α5. Furthermore, TGFBIp increased the adhesion, migration, and tube formation of CD34+ mouse bone marrow stem cells in vitro. Gene expression analysis of EPCs plated on TGFBIp revealed that EPCs stimulated by TGFBIp exhibit increased expression of Notch ligands, such as delta-like 1 (DLL1) and Jagged1 (JAG1), through nuclear factor-kappa B signaling activation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that locally generated TGFBIp at either wounds or tumor sites may contribute to differentiation and angiogenic function of EPCs by augmenting the recruitment of EPCs and regulating the expression of endothelial genes DLL1 and JAG1. Stem Cells 2015;33:2052–2062
In situ reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide to improve the tribological behavior of a phenol formaldehyde composite coating
Authors: Yang Mingming , Zhang Zhaozhu , Zhu Xiaotao , Men Xuehu , Ren Guina 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The development of a phenol formaldehyde/graphene (PF-graphene) composite coating with high performance is desirable but remains a challenge, because of the ultrahigh surface area and surface inertia of the graphene. Herein, we synthesized PF-graphene composites by the in situ polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde with the addition of graphene oxide, resulting in improved compatibility between the graphene and phenolic resin (PF) matrix and endowing the phenolic resin with good thermal stability and excellent tribological properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrated that the graphene oxide was reduced during the in-situ polymerization. The PF-graphene composites were sprayed onto steel blocks to form composite coatings. The effects of an applied load and of the sliding speed on the tribological properties of the PF-graphene composite coating were evaluated using a block-on-ring wear tester; in addition, the worn surface and the transfer film formed on the surface of the counterpart ring were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the PF-graphene composite coating exhibited enhanced tribological properties under all tested conditions.
Tribology in metal forming at elevated temperatures
Authors: Dohda Kuniaki , Boher Christine , Rezai-Aria Farhad , Mahayotsanun Numpon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe tribo-characteristics of metal forming at high temperatures have not yet been well understood due to the complex nature of thermal, microstructural, interaction, and process parameters. This is a review paper on the effects of temperature, coating, and lubrication to the tribological characteristics in hot forming as well as the tribometers for different metal forming processes at elevated temperatures mainly based on the experimental work. The tribological behaviors of oxides in hot forming, such as rolling and stamping, were reviewed and presented. Some commonly used surface coatings and lubricants in hot forming were given. Many types of tribometer were selected and presented and some of them provided a great potential to characterize friction and wear at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, more testing conditions should be further investigated by developing new tribometers. Eventually, experimental results obtained from reliable tribometers could be used in theory and model developments for different forming processes and materials at high temperatures. The review also showed the great potential in further investigations and innovation in tribology.