bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated expansion from cosmological holography
Authors: van Putten Maurice H. P. M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
It is shown that holographic cosmology implies an evolving Hubble radius $c^{-1}\dot{R}_{\rm H} = -1 + 3\Omega _{\rm m}$ in the presence of a dimensionless matter density Ωm scaled to the closure density 3H2/8πG, where c denotes the velocity of light and H and G denote the Hubble parameter and Newton's constant. It reveals a dynamical dark energy and a sixfold increase in gravitational attraction to matter on the scale of the Hubble acceleration. It reproduces the transition redshift zt ≃ 0.4 to the present epoch of accelerated expansion and is consistent with (q0, (dq/dz)0) of the deceleration parameter q(z) = q0 + (dq/dz)0z observed in Type Ia supernovae.
Constraining the extension of a possible gamma-ray halo of 3C 279 from 2008–2014 solar occultations
Authors: Kotelnikov Egor , Rubtsov Grigory , Troitsky Sergey 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The angular extension of the gamma-ray image of 3C 279 may be constrained by studying its solar occultations as suggested by Fairbairn et al. We perform this kind of analysis for seven occultations observed by Fermi-LAT in 2008–2014, using the Fermi-LAT solar system tools. The results are interpreted in terms of models with extended gamma-ray halo of 3C 279; first constraints on the size and the flux of the halo are reported.
Discovery of GRS 1915+105 variability patterns in the Rapid Burster
Authors: Bagnoli T. , in 't Zand J. J. M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We report the discovery of two new types of variability in the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary MXB 1730−335 (the ‘Rapid Burster’). In one observation in 1999, it exhibits a large-amplitude quasi-periodic oscillation with a period of about 7 min. In another observation in 2008, it exhibits two 4-min-long 75 per cent deep dips 44 min apart. These two kinds of variability are very similar to the so-called ρ or heartbeat variability and the θ variability, respectively, seen in the black hole low-mass X-ray binaries GRS 1915+105 and IGR J17091−3624. This shows that these types of behaviour are unrelated to a black hole nature of the accretor. Our findings also show that these kinds of behaviour need not take place at near-Eddington accretion rates. We speculate that they may rather be related to the presence of a relatively wide orbit with an orbital period in excess of a few days and about the relation between these instabilities and the type II bursts.
Assessment and Frameworks in Collegiate Composition Studios
Authors: Simon Gregory 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This essay examines how undergraduate composition teachers assess growth in their students’ work, and shows how assessment frameworks (such as rubrics) can be useful for college composition students and professors alike. The essay presents interviews with university composition faculty to establish the assessment strategies generally used in lessons. Next, it looks critically at existing frameworks and assessment philosophies, considering their strengths and shortcomings for departments whose students are growing ever more diverse in musical style and voice. Finally, it considers the composer’s task of designing an assessment framework for his or her studio, including areas of concern and possible starting points for organization.
American Foundations for the Arts
Authors: Vandagriff Rachel S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This essay provides an overview of American private foundational support for American contemporary music between 1952 and 1983. Beginning in the early 1950s during the Cold War, the Rockefeller, Ford, and Fromm Music foundations began giving grants to symphony orchestras, opera houses, colleges and universities, chamber music ensembles, and composers to create and perform more contemporary American music, thus playing the traditional role of patrons of music updated for the twentieth century. The Ph.D. degree in composition was established, significantly altering American composers’ careers and the new music scene such that the academy became patron of American composers. This essay seeks to merge these two narratives. First summarizing tax incentives for American charitable organizations such as private foundations, it gives an overview of the Rockefeller and Ford Foundation grants to music, discusses the Fromm Music Foundation’s activities, and relates all of their work to the increasing academicization of composition.
The Paris Conservatoire in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Holoman D. Kern 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Founded to populate the new French Republic with bandsmen and theater artists, theorized as a branch of public education, the Paris Conservatoire developed into and through the nineteenth century with sagacity and prescience. Effective leadership, committed teacher-performers and capable students, an excellent physical location in a historic quarter, and a direct link between music composition and its performance all strengthened the institution. By the late nineteenth century the name alone enabled the Conservatoire to prosper even as it became entrenched in its ways and prone to elitist behaviors and considerable unfairness. The appointment in 1905 of a director from the outside, Gabriel Fauré, led the institution to address these problems and withstand the upheavals that occurred in the new century. For the Conservatoire had carved out for itself a secure place in the national patrimony, a heritage widely recognized as contributing to the fundamental strength of the nation.
Ecphrasis
Authors: Squire Michael 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This essay explores the intersections between ancient and modern notions of ecphrasis (defined by Imperial Greek rhetoricians as “a descriptive speech” that “brings the subject shown before the eyes with visual vividness”). After surveying recent comparative literary approaches to ecphrastic “intermediality,” the essay first analyzes theories of ecphrasis in the Progymnasmata. Second, by relating these Imperial Greek rhetorical discussions back to literary and literary critical traditions, the essay posits a closer relationship between ancient and modern ideas of ecphrasis than is often assumed. Third, it surveys “self-standing” ecphrasis in epigrammatic poetry, paying particular attention to epigram’s paragonal pitching of vision against voice (and vice versa). Finally, the Elder Philostratus’ Imagines is introduced as antiquity’s most sophisticated meditation on words and images—at once resonating with earlier literary traditions and anticipating some of the most pressing questions about ecphrasis in contemporary literary critical theory.
Egyptian Archaeology and Social Anthropology
Authors: Bussmann Richard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe article explores anthropological perspectives on pharaonic Egypt (ca. 3300–332 BCE). Central authority absorbed economic resources via local temples but had no interest in penetrating the minds of the people. The body horizon was the scale within the reach of individuals, underpinned by the organization of thought toward the ego in the center. It is typical of life in villages, where the physical and social experiences of intimacy converged in magical practices. Funerary culture epitomizes the body horizon, and its importance in Egypt reflects the village nature of early Egypt. Kingship is the center of Egypt’s Great Tradition, a term sometimes conflated with elite culture, learned tradition, or literacy. Communication of kingship changes from a funerary-based to a temple-based template reflecting the transition to a more urban society. Diachronic change in the archaeological record is seen as pivotal for exploring the nature of Egyptian society anthropologically.
Surgical Injury in the Neonatal Rat Alters the Adult Pattern of Descending Modulation from the Rostroventral Medulla
Authors: Walker Suellen M. , Fitzgerald Maria , Hathway Gareth J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbstract
In rats, neonatal incisional surgery to the paw resulted in reduced sensitivity to mechanical or thermal stimuli in adulthood and changed the effect of rostroventral medulla stimulation from a bimodal pattern of facilitation and inhibition, to only inhibition. Regional anesthesia at the time of neonatal surgery prevented these changes in adulthood.

Background:
Neonatal pain and injury can alter long-term sensory thresholds. Descending rostroventral medulla (RVM) pathways can inhibit or facilitate spinal nociceptive processing in adulthood. As these pathways undergo significant postnatal maturation, the authors evaluated long-term effects of neonatal surgical injury on RVM descending modulation.

Methods:
Plantar hind paw or forepaw incisions were performed in anesthetized postnatal day (P)3 Sprague-Dawley rats. Controls received anesthesia only. Hind limb mechanical and thermal withdrawal thresholds were measured to 6 weeks of age (adult). Additional groups received pre- and post-incision sciatic nerve levobupivacaine or saline. Hind paw nociceptive reflex sensitivity was quantified in anesthetized adult rats using biceps femoris electromyography, and the effect of RVM electrical stimulation (5–200 μA) measured as percentage change from baseline.

Results:
In adult rats with previous neonatal incision (n = 9), all intensities of RVM stimulation decreased hind limb reflex sensitivity, in contrast to the typical bimodal pattern of facilitation and inhibition with increasing RVM stimulus intensity in controls (n = 5) (uninjured vs. neonatally incised, P < 0.001). Neonatal incision of the contralateral hind paw or forepaw also resulted in RVM inhibition of hind paw nociceptive reflexes at all stimulation intensities. Behavioral mechanical threshold (mean ± SEM, 28.1 ± 8 vs. 21.3 ± 1.2 g, P < 0.001) and thermal latency (7.1 ± 0.4 vs. 5.3 ± 0.3 s, P < 0.05) were increased in both hind paws after unilateral neonatal incision. Neonatal perioperative sciatic nerve blockade prevented injury-induced alterations in RVM descending control.

Conclusions:
Neonatal surgical injury alters the postnatal development of RVM descending control, resulting in a predominance of descending inhibition and generalized reduction in baseline reflex sensitivity. Prevention by local anesthetic blockade highlights the importance of neonatal perioperative analgesia.
Rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging with Bayesian estimation
Authors: Koller Jonathan M. , Vachon M. Jonathan , Bretthorst G. Larry , Black Kevin J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe recently described rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging, a novel method for estimating sensitivity of a biological system to a drug. We tested its accuracy in simulated biological signals with varying receptor sensitivity and varying levels of random noise, and presented initial proof-of-concept data from functional MRI (fMRI) studies in primate brain. However, the initial simulation testing used a simple iterative approach to estimate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) parameters, an approach that was computationally efficient but returned parameters only from a small, discrete set of values chosena priori.Here we revisit the simulation testing using a Bayesian method to estimate the PKPD parameters. This improved accuracy compared to our previous method, and noise without intentional signal was never interpreted as signal. We also reanalyze the fMRI proof-of-concept data. The success with the simulated data, and with the limited fMRI data, is a necessary first step toward further testing of rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging.
Concurrent origins of the genetic code and the homochirality of life, and the origin and evolution of biodiversity. Part II: Technical appendix
Authors: Li Dirson Jian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHere is Part II of my two-part series paper, which provides technical details and evidence for Part I of this paper (see “Concurrent origins of the genetic code and the homochirality of life, and the origin and evolution of biodiversity. Part I: Observations and explanations” on bioRxiv).
The African wolf is a missing link in the wolf-like canid phylogeny
Authors: Rueness Eli K. , Trosvik Pål , Atickem Anagaw , Sillero-Zubiri Claudio , Trucchi Emiliano 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHere we present the first genomic data for the African wolf (Canis aureus lupaster) and conclusively demonstrate that it is a unique taxon and not a hybrid between other canids. These animals are commonly misclassified as golden jackals (Canis aureus) and have never been included in any large-scale studies of canid diversity and biogeography, or in investigations of the early stages of dog domestication. Applying massive Restriction Site Associated DNA (RAD) sequencing, 110481 polymorphic sites across the genome of 7 individuals of African wolf were aligned and compared with other wolf-like canids (golden jackal, Holarctic grey wolf, Ethiopian wolf, side-striped jackal and domestic dog). Analyses of this extensive sequence dataset (ca. 8.5Mb) show conclusively that the African wolves represent a distinct taxon more closely related to the Holarctic grey wolf than to the golden jackal. Our results strongly indicate that the distribution of the golden jackal needs to be re-evaluated and point towards alternative hypotheses for the evolution of the rare and endemic Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). Furthermore, the extension of the grey wolf phylogeny and distribution opens new possible scenarios for the timing and location of dog domestication.
Bayesian Modeling of Epigenetic Variation in Multiple Human Cell Types
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yue Feng , Hardison Ross C 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith massive amount of sequencing data generated for many epigenetic features in a variety of cell and tissue types, the chief challenges are to build effective and quantitative models explaining how the dynamics in multiple epigenomes lead to differential gene expression and diverse phenotypes. We developed a unified Bayesian framework for jointly annotating multiple epigenomes and detecting differential regulation among multiple tissues and cell types over regions of varying sizes. Our method, called IDEAS (integrative anddiscriminativeepigenomeannotationsystem), achieves superior power and accuracy over existing methods by modeling both position and cell type specific regulatory activities. Using 84 ENCODE epigenetic data sets in 6 cell types, we identified epigenetic variation of different sizes that are strongly associated with differential gene expression. The detected regions are significantly enriched in genetic variants associated with complex phenotypes. Our results yielded much stronger enrichment scores than achievable by existing approaches, and the enriched phenotypes are highly relevant to the corresponding cell types. IDEAS is a powerful statistical tool for integrative annotation of regulatory elements and detection of multivariate epigenetic variation in many tissues and cell types, which could be of important utility in elucidating the interplay between genetic variants, gene regulation and diseases.The states generated by IDEAS can be visualized or downloaded from the “Regulation” section ofhttp://main.genome-browser.bx.psu.edu/
Local overheating of transformers with high currents
Authors: Sitar Robert , Janić Žarko , Štih Željko 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to compare losses and temperatures in power transformer tanks for different high current lead arrangements.

Design/methodology/approach
– 3D computational tools MagNet and ThermNet based on the finite element method are used to calculate magnetic field distribution in 3D models of power transformers. Eddy current losses in conducting metal parts are induced by the stray magnetic field of transformer windings and high current leads. From loss distribution and appropriate cooling condition temperature values are calculated.

Findings
– From calculation results it is possible to understand advantages and disadvantages of different lead arrangements. The analysis is finalized with a short presentation of the influence of magnetic shielding height on temperature and loss values.

Originality/value
– Results give transformer designer clearer understanding of precautions that should be taken for avoiding high temperatures on the tank wall of a transformer.
Design of permanent magnet synchronous motors including thermal aspects
Authors: Lefik Marcin 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to include thermal analysis in the design process of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The additional objective is a comparison of PMSM with induction motor (IM) in terms of thermal phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach
– Numerical investigation using commercial software MotorSolve was performed. Parameterized models of PMSM and IM were used. Calculations of motor parameters and temperature distribution were made using Finite Element Method.

Findings
– The results of the calculations show that thermal calculations should be included in the design process because the maximum permissible operating temperature of permanent magnets should not be exceeded. A comparative analysis of PMSM and IM shows that the PMSM has better parameters than the IM which was used as a base of the PMSM construction.

Research limitations/implications
– Computational models should be verified experimentally on a physical model or by using more complex numerical models. In the case of IM thermal calculations, a method of air speed calculation should be proposed. Air speed is a parameter that is necessary in thermal analysis of IM, but during the design process it is unknown.

Originality/value
– This paper presents modelling methodology of 3D transient thermal field coupled with electromagnetic field applied in a three-phase IM at rated load conditions. This paper presents a design strategy which includes thermal analysis of the designed PMSM. Moreover, the paper shows a comparison between PMSM and IM indicating advantages of PMSM over IM.
Inductance calculation of high-speed slotless permanent magnet machines
Authors: Jumayev Sultan , Borisavljevic Aleksandar , Boynov Konstantin , Pyrhönen Juha , Lomonova Elena A. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to give a simple, fast and universal inductance calculation approach of slotless-winding machines and comparison of inductances of toroidal, concentrated and helical-winding machines, since these winding types are widely used among low-power PM machines.

Design/methodology/approach
– Harmonic modeling approach is applied to model the magnetic field of the windings in order to calculate the synchronous inductances. The method is based on distinction between electromagnetic properties of different regions in the machine where each region is represented by its own governing equation describing the magnetic field. The governing equations are obtained from Maxwell’s equations by introducing vector potential in order to simplify the calculations.

Findings
– Results of the inductances of toroidal, concentrated and helical-winding slotless PM machines, which have the same torque and dimensions, obtained by the proposed analytical method are in good agreement with 3D FEM, where the relative difference is smaller than 15 percent. However, the calculation time of the analytical method is significantly less than in 3D FEM: seconds vs hours. Additionally, from the results it is concluded that the toroidal-winding machine has the highest inductance and DC resistance values among considered machines. Helical-winding machine has lowest inductance and DC resistance values. Inductance of concentrated-winding machine is between inductance of helical and toroidal windings; however, DC resistance of the concentrated windings is comparable with resistance toroidal windings.

Originality/value
– In this paper the inductance calculation based on harmonic modeling approach is extended for toroidal and helical-winding machines which makes the method applicable for most of the slotless machine types.
A new analytical approach to determine slotting based eddy current losses in permanent magnets of PMSM taking into account axial and circumferential segmentation
Authors: Bode Cornelius , Canders Wolf-Rüdiger , Henke Markus 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to calculate slotting-based eddy currents in permanent magnet excited synchronous machine (PMSM) taking into account axial and circumferential segmentation of magnets.

Design/methodology/approach
– An analytical approach to calculate eddy current losses in PM caused by slotting harmonics of PMSM is presented. The eddy current reaction field is taken into account as well as axial and circumferential segmentation of the magnets.

Findings
– The analytical model provides results comparable to 3D-FEM calculations even at high frequencies at reduced computation costs. To generalize the results the magnetic Reynold’s number is introduced.

Originality/value
– Taking into account the axial and circumferential segmentation in the PDE; the approach is much more accurate compared to known approaches; accuracy is comparable to 3D-FEA.
Online training helps basketball federation towards its goals
Authors: Little Bob 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Observes how the Federazione Italiana Pallacanestro (FIP), the Italian National Basketball Federation, has concluded that increasing emphasis must be placed on training coaches and players. That means implementing innovative training strategies to improve the competitiveness of all those operating in Italian basketball.

Design/methodology/approach
– Describes the training system adopted, how it is working in practice and the advantages it is expected to bring.

Findings
– Shows how the Docebo’s Cloud-based, software-as-a-service (SaaS) learning management system (LMS) is currently managing and monitoring the learning records of some 2,000 basketball-related learners throughout Italy. The system is helping the FIP to manage a large number of training projects; allow the FIP’s basketball experts to share their knowledge online – especially with the association’s coaches; and enable the FIP’s managers to constantly monitor all the learners’ training records via the system’s in-built reporting tools.

Practical implications
– Reveals that while it is still too early to see the evidence of the new training regime’s success in terms of improved on-court international success, there is every indication that more learning materials are reaching more people under the auspices of the FIP than ever before.

Social implications
– Considers some of the advantages of sportsmanship over gamesmanship.

Originality/value
– Gives an example of e-learning in the sporting area.