bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of photosynthesis in chromist algae through serial endosymbioses
Authors: Stiller John W. , Schreiber John , Yue Jipei , Guo Hui , Ding Qin , Huang Jinling 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChromist algae include diverse photosynthetic organisms of great ecological and social importance. Despite vigorous research efforts, a clear understanding of how various chromists acquired photosynthetic organelles has been complicated by conflicting phylogenetic results, along with an undetermined number and pattern of endosymbioses, and the horizontal movement of genes that accompany them. We apply novel statistical approaches to assess impacts of endosymbiotic gene transfer on three principal chromist groups at the heart of long-standing controversies. Our results provide robust support for acquisitions of photosynthesis through serial endosymbioses, beginning with the adoption of a red alga by cryptophytes, then a cryptophyte by the ancestor of ochrophytes, and finally an ochrophyte by the ancestor of haptophytes. Resolution of how chromist algae are related through endosymbioses provides a framework for unravelling the further reticulate history of red algal-derived plastids, and for clarifying evolutionary processes that gave rise to eukaryotic photosynthetic diversity.
Toward Prospective Prediction of Pharmacokinetics in OATP1B1 Genetic Variant Populations
Authors: Li R , Barton H A , Maurer T S 
Published: December 2014

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are increasingly being used to provide human pharmacokinetic (PK) predictions for organic anion‐transporting polypeptide (OATP) substrates based on in vitro assay data. As a natural extension in the application of these models, in this study, we incorporated in vitro information of three major OATP1B1 genetic variants into a previously reported PBPK model to predict the impact of OATP1B1 polymorphisms on human PK. Using pravastatin and rosuvastatin as examples, we showed that the predicted plasma concentration–time profiles in groups carrying different OATP1B1 genetic variants reasonably matched the clinical observations from multiple studies. This modeling and simulation approach may aid decision making in early pharmaceutical research and development as well as patient‐specific dose adjustment in clinical practice.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e151; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.50; published online 10 December 2014
Driving ferromagnetic resonance frequency of FeCoB/PZN-PT multiferroic heterostructures to Ku-band via two-step climbing: composition gradient sputtering and magnetoelectric coupling
Authors: Li Shandong , Xue Qian , Duh Jenq-Gong , Du Honglei , Xu Jie , Wan Yong , Li Qiang , Lü Yueguang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRF/microwave soft magnetic films (SMFs) are key materials for miniaturization and multifunctionalization of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and their components, which demand that the SMFs should have higher self-bias ferromagnetic resonance frequency fFMR and can be fabricated in an IC compatible process. However, self-biased metallic SMFs working at X-band or higher frequency were rarely reported, even though there are urgent demands. In this paper, we report an IC compatible process with two-step superposition to prepare SMFs, where the FeCoB SMFs were deposited on (011) lead zinc niobate–lead titanate substrates using a composition gradient sputtering method. As a result, a giant magnetic anisotropy field of 1498 Oe, 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than that by conventional magnetic annealing method and an ultrahigh fFMR of up to 12.96 GHz reaching Ku-band, were obtained at zero magnetic bias field in the as-deposited films. These ultrahigh microwave performances can be attributed to the superposition of two effects: uniaxial stress induced by composition gradient and magnetoelectric coupling. This two-step superposition method paves a way for SMFs to surpass X-band by two-step or multi-step, where a variety of magnetic anisotropy field enhancing methods can be cumulated together to get higher ferromagnetic resonance frequency.
Selective electrochemical decomposition of outgrowths and nanopatterning in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 perovskite thin films
Authors: Cavallini Massimiliano , Graziosi Patrizio , Calbucci Marco , Gentili Denis , Cecchini Raimondo , Barbalinardo Marianna , Bergenti Ilaria , Riminucci Alberto , Dediu Valentin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe outgrowth formation in inorganic thin films is a dramatic problem that has limited the technological impact of many techniques and materials. Outgrowths are often themselves part of the films, but are detrimental for vertical junctions since they cause short-circuits or work as defects, compromising the reproducibility and in some cases the operation of the corresponding devices. The problem of outgrowth is particularly relevant in ablation-based methods and in some complex oxides, but is present in a large variety of systems and techniques. Here we propose an efficient local electrochemical method to selectively decompose the outgrowths of conductive oxide thin films by electrochemical decomposition, without altering the properties of the background film. The process is carried out using the same set-up as for local oxidation nanolithography, except for the sign of the voltage bias and it works at the nanoscale both as serial method using a scanning probe and as parallel method using conductive stamps. We demonstrated our process using La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 perovskite as a representative material but in principle it can be extended to many other conductive systems.
Biomimetic Transferable Surface for a Real Time Control over Wettability and Photoerasable Writing with Water Drop Lens
Authors: Zillohu Ahnaf Usman , Abdelaziz Ramzy , Homaeigohar Shahin , Krasnov Igor , Müller Martin , Strunskus Thomas , Elbahri Mady 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate a transferable device that can turn wettability of surfaces to sticky or slippy, as per requirement. It is composed of polymeric yarn with a fibrous structure, which can be lifted and placed on any surface to render it the unique wettability properties. We introduce Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) random fiber as biomimetic rose petal surface. When it is decorated with PVDF nanofibers yarns, the random mesh transform from rose petal sticky state into grass leaf slippy state. When it is placed on sticky, hydrophilic metal coin, it converts the surface of the coin to super hydrophobic. Adjustments in the yarn system, like interyarn spacing, can be done in real time to influence its wettability, which is a unique feature. Next, we load the polymer with a photochromic compound for chemical restructuring. It affects the sliding angle of water drop and makes the fibers optically active. We also demonstrate a “water droplets lens” concept that enables erasable writing on photochromic rose petal sticky fibrous surface. The droplet on a highly hydrophobic surface acts as a ball lens to concentrate light onto a hot spot; thereby we demonstrate UV light writing with water lenses and visible light erasing.
Movement and Spatial Distribution of Common Carp in a South Dakota Glacial Lake System: Implications for Management and Removal
Authors: Hennen Matthew J. , Brown Michael L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Common Carp Cyprinus carpio form dense populations that often negatively impact water quality and clarity, native fish communities, and aquatic plant growth in aquatic ecosystems outside their native range, including the U.S. Midwest. In an attempt to guide future management and control activities, we used acoustic telemetry to quantify monthly spatial distributions and movement patterns for adult Common Carp in Brant and Round lakes, South Dakota, during open-water periods for 2 years. During a span of 12 months of manual tracking in the spring, summer, and fall seasons, we obtained 530 locations from 19 acoustically tagged fish. In general, fish displayed a clear tendency to aggregate in shallow depths close to shore during the spawning period in May and June and also postspawn during August. In contrast, fish dispersed offshore into deeper water during July. Mean hourly movement rates during 24-h tracking sessions ranged from 100.3 m/h to 165.9 m/h. Although nonsignificant, the highest movement rates occurred in June and October and during the dusk period. Our results, along with similar studies in the region, indicate predictable and repeatable seasonal aggregations and distributions of Common Carp that will likely aid in the development of sampling protocols and control programs for temperate lakes. These results can be used to develop integrated control techniques that would target adult fish during periods of seasonal aggregations and dispersions, which is critical for effective population control.
Received March 26, 2014; accepted August 23, 2014
The perceptions of high‐level officers in Cyprus about intercultural education and their underlying assumptions
Authors: Hajisoteriou Christina , Neophytou Lefkios , Angelides Panayiotis 
Published: December 2014

Since 2004, the Ministry of Education and Culture in Cyprus has launched an educational reform. The Ministry highlighted Cyprus’ participation in the European context and, by extension, the turning‐into‐multicultural character of the Cypriot society as the most important reasons, which necessitated such a reform. This paper seeks to examine the perceived curriculum of intercultural education in Cyprus. To this end, we explore how the conceptual and theoretical framework of the ‘new’ national curriculum influences key stakeholders’ understandings of intercultural education. Do they share similar understandings? Do they use the same terminologies? How consistent is their knowledge with the contemporary literature on Intercultural Education? All these questions will help us establish an understanding about the next level of curriculum development – the implementation level – and illuminate their possible tacit assumptions concerning the role of the teachers in carrying out of the declared policy on Intercultural Education. Most importantly, we will discuss the tacit assumptions that come to light through their expressed perceptions, addressing not only to the practises but also the essence of the term intercultural education and its originating interest in terms of human agency.Within this context we will deliberate how a broadly accepted policy, namely intercultural educational policy, becomes a vehicle that can be used to control, interact with or empower people and in particular those delegated with its implementation‐in our case the teachers.
Tenofovir during pregnancy in rats: a novel pathway for programmed hypertension in the offspring
Authors: Gois Pedro Henrique França , Canale Daniele , Luchi Weverton Machado , Volpini Rildo Aparecido , Veras Mariana Matera , Costa Natália de Souza Xavier , Shimizu Maria Heloisa Massola , Seguro Antonio Carlos 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the occurrence of systemic and renal abnormalities in the offspring of Wistar rats exposed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) during pregnancy.

Methods
Female Wistar rats received a standard diet, with or without addition of tenofovir DF (100 mg/kg diet), 1 week before mating and during pregnancy. Offspring from the tenofovir DF group were placed with an untreated foster mother during breastfeeding and compared with offspring from rats maintained on a standard diet during mating and pregnancy (control). Control and tenofovir DF were followed up at 3 and 6 months of age. Monthly body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP), glomerular counts, renal function, biochemical parameters, angiotensin II, renal renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and renal sodium transporters were analysed.

Results
Tenofovir DF offspring showed lower birth weight compared with the control group. After the third month, growth among the tenofovir DF group experienced a rapid catch-up. SBP increased progressively after the second month of age in the tenofovir DF group. Nephron number did not differ between the groups; however, the tenofovir DF group showed glomerular structural changes. Plasma aldosterone was higher in the tenofovir DF group, associated with a significant increase in renal expression of RAAS. The tenofovir DF rats showed up-regulation of renal sodium transporters and consequently lower urinary sodium excretion.

Conclusions
This is the first demonstration using an experimental model that maternal exposure to tenofovir DF during gestation results in overactivation of RAAS, up-regulation of renal sodium transporters and hypertension in the offspring.
In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton violaceum isolated from tinea capitis patients
Authors: Deng S. , de Hoog G. S. , Verweij P. E. , Zoll J. , Ilkit M. , Morsali F. , Abliz P. , Wang X. , Zhan P. , Yang L. , Hasimu H. , Liao W. , Pan W. , Seyedmousavi S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Trichophyton violaceum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that is endemic to parts of Africa and Asia and is sporadic in Europe. T. violaceum mainly causes tinea capitis in both children and adolescents. Although the infections caused by T. violaceum are of considerable medical importance, its antifungal susceptibility profile remains poorly examined.

Methods
In this study, we tested the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of a set of clinical T. violaceum isolates obtained from tinea capitis patients, using the CLSI broth microdilution method. We tested eight antifungals and used isolates collected from Western China (21), Eastern China (12), the Middle East (1), Europe (20), South Africa (7) and Canada (1).

Results
The geometric means of the MICs of the antifungals for all isolates were as follows (in increasing order): posaconazole, 0.021 mg/L; terbinafine, 0.023 mg/L; voriconazole, 0.062 mg/L; amphotericin B, 0.20 mg/L; itraconazole, 0.34 mg/L; caspofungin, 0.56 mg/L; fluconazole, 4.23 mg/L; and flucytosine, 8.46 mg/L. No statistically significant differences in the susceptibility profiles of T. violaceum were detected within the geographical regions tested.

Conclusions
Posaconazole, terbinafine and voriconazole were shown to be the most potent antifungal agents against T. violaceum isolates obtained from tinea capitis patients worldwide. These results might help clinicians in developing appropriate therapies that have a high probability of successfully treating tinea capitis due to T. violaceum.
Application of the time-delay integration method: Survey observations of geosynchronous orbit objects and short-term variability observations
Authors: Okumura Shin-ichiro , Yanagisawa Toshifumi , Nakaya Hidehiko , Tanaka Wataru , Nishiyama Kota , Takahashi Noritsugu , Yoshikawa Makoto 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
“Time-Delay Integration (TDI)” readout technique has been adopted to a mosaic CCD camera equipped with four fully-depleted CCDs. Optical distortion and image deformation due to the TDI operation are discussed. The manner and advantages of the TDI method in survey observations of geosynchronous orbit objects are summarized. We propose a new TDI application method of getting short-term light curves of artificial space objects. This method of detecting a short-term variability can be applied for a variety of objects, ranging from satellites to stars. It can also be used for the light-curve observations of transient objects which might show short-term variability and of which the precise time information is needed.
Unveiling the origin of fast radio bursts by optical follow-up observations
Authors: Niino Yuu , Totani Tomonori , Okumura Jun E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We discuss how we can detect and identify counterparts of fast radio bursts (FRBs) in future optical follow-up observations of FRBs if real-time alerts for FRBs become available. We consider kilonovae as candidates for FRB optical counterparts, as expected in the case that FRBs originate from mergers of double neutron star binaries. Although theoretical predictions on luminosities of kilonovae are still highly uncertain, recent models suggest that kilonovae can be detected at redshifts up to z ∼ 0.3 within the range of the uncertainties. We expect ∼ 1–5 unrelated supernovae (SNe) down to a similar variability magnitude in a five-day interval within the typical error radius of an FRB. We show, however, that a kilonova can be distinguished from these SNe by its rapid decay and/or color evolution, making it possible to verify the existence of a kilonova associated with an FRB. We also discuss the case that SNe Ia are FRB optical counterparts, as might be the case if FRBs originate from double white dwarf binaries. Verification of this scenario is also possible, since the chance probability of finding a SNe Ia having a consistent explosion time with that of an FRB within the FRB error region is small (typically ≲ 0.01).
BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN6 and KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA7 Interact and Regulate Secondary Cell Wall Formation via Repression of REVOLUTA
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , You Shijun , Taylor-Teeples Mallorie , Li Wenhua L. , Schuetz Mathias , Brady Siobhan M. , Douglas Carl J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The TALE homeodomain transcription factor KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA7 (KNAT7) is part of a regulatory network governing the commitment to secondary cell wall biosynthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana, where it contributes to negative regulation of this process. Here, we report that BLH6, a BELL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN protein, specifically interacts with KNAT7, and this interaction influences secondary cell wall development. BLH6 is a transcriptional repressor, and BLH6-KNAT7 physical interaction enhances KNAT7 and BLH6 repression activities. The overlapping expression patterns of BLH6 and KNAT7 and phenotypes of blh6, knat7, and blh6 knat7 loss-of-function mutants are consistent with the existence of a BLH6-KNAT7 heterodimer that represses commitment to secondary cell wall biosynthesis in interfascicular fibers. BLH6 and KNAT7 overexpression results in thinner interfascicular fiber secondary cell walls, phenotypes that are dependent on the interacting partner. A major impact of the loss of BLH6 and KNAT7 function is enhanced expression of the homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor REVOLUTA/INTERFASCICULAR FIBERLESS1 (REV/IFL1). BLH6 and KNAT7 bind to the REV promoter and repress REV expression, while blh6 and knat7 interfascicular fiber secondary cell wall phenotypes are suppressed in blh6 rev and knat7 rev double mutants, suggesting that BLH6/KNAT7 signaling acts through REV as a direct target.
Adult acclimation to combined temperature and pH stressors significantly enhances reproductive outcomes compared to short‐term exposures
Authors: Suckling Coleen C. , Clark Melody S. , Richard Joelle , Morley Simon A. , Thorne Michael A. S. , Harper Elizabeth M. , Peck Lloyd S. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

This study examined the effects of long‐term culture under altered conditions on the Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri.

Sterechinus neumayeri was cultured under the combined environmental stressors of lowered pH (−0·3 and −0·5 pH units) and increased temperature (+2 °C) for 2 years. This time‐scale covered two full reproductive cycles in this species and analyses included studies on both adult metabolism and larval development.

Adults took at least 6–8 months to acclimate to the altered conditions, but beyond this, there was no detectable effect of temperature or pH.

Animals were spawned after 6 and 17 months exposure to altered conditions, with markedly different outcomes. At 6 months, the percentage hatching and larval survival rates were greatest in the animals kept at 0 °C under current pH conditions, whilst those under lowered pH and +2 °C performed significantly less well. After 17 months, performance was not significantly different across treatments, including controls. However, under the altered conditions urchins produced larger eggs compared with control animals.

These data show that under long‐term culture adult S. neumayeri appear to acclimate their metabolic and reproductive physiology to the combined stressors of altered pH and increased temperature, with relatively little measureable effect. They also emphasize the importance of long‐term studies in evaluating effects of altered pH, particularly in slow developing marine species with long gonad maturation times, as the effects of altered conditions cannot be accurately evaluated unless gonads have fully matured under the new conditions.
The Challenge of Implementing Peer‐Led Interventions in a Professionalized Health Service: A Case Study of the National Health Trainers Service in England
Authors: MATHERS JONATHAN , TAYLOR REBECCA , PARRY JAYNE 
Published: December 2014

Policy Points:
In 2004, England's National Health Service introduced health trainer services to help individuals adopt healthier lifestyles and to redress national health inequalities.
Over time these anticipated community‐focused services became more NHS‐focused, delivering “downstream” lifestyle interventions. At the same time, individuals’ lifestyle choices were abstracted from the wider social determinants of health and the potential to address inequalities was diminished.
While different service models are needed to engage hard‐to‐reach populations, the long‐term sustainability of any new service model depends on its aligning with the established medical system's characteristics.ContextIn 2004, the English Public Health White Paper Choosing Health introduced “health trainers” as new members of the National Health Service (NHS) workforce. Health trainers would offer one‐to‐one peer‐support to anyone who wished to adopt and maintain a healthier lifestyle. Choosing Health implicitly envisaged health trainers working in community settings in order to engage “hard‐to‐reach” individuals and other groups who often have the poorest health but who engage the least with traditional health promotion and other NHS services.MethodsDuring longitudinal case studies of 6 local health trainer services, we conducted in‐depth interviews with key stakeholders and analyzed service activity data.FindingsRather than an unproblematic and stable implementation of community‐focused services according to the vision in Choosing Health, we observed substantial shifts in the case studies’ configuration and delivery as the services embedded themselves in the local NHS systems. To explain these observations, we drew on a recently proposed conceptual framework to examine and understand the adoption and diffusion of innovations in health care systems.ConclusionsThe health trainer services have become more “medicalized” over time, and in doing so, the original theory underpinning the program has been threatened. The paradox is that policymakers and practitioners recognize the need to have a different service model for traditional NHS services if they want hard‐to‐reach populations to engage in preventive actions as a first step to redress health inequalities. The long‐term sustainability of any new service model, however, depends on its aligning with the established medical system's (ie, the NHS's) characteristics.