bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COPD detected with screening: impact on patient management and prognosis
Authors: Bertens Loes C.M. , Reitsma Johannes B. , van Mourik Yvonne , Lammers Jan-Willem J. , Moons Karel G.M. , Hoes Arno W. , Rutten Frans H. 
Published: June 2014

It is uncertain whether screening of older persons for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is worthwhile because the effects on patient management and prognosis are unknown.We aimed to assess the short-term consequences of detecting COPD in frail elderly subjects with dyspnoea, considering pulmonary drug use, hospitalisations and all-cause mortality.Community-dwelling frail elderly subjects, aged 65 years and older, with dyspnoea, participating in a screening study on COPD and heart failure were included. Final diagnoses were assigned by an expert panel based on all data from the screening strategy, including spirometry. Follow-up data were collected from the general practitioners.Of the 386 patients, 84 (21.8%) were received a new diagnosis of COPD. Overall, changes in pulmonary drug prescription during 6 months of follow-up were infrequent (n = 53, 13.7%; among new cases of COPD, 15 (17.9%) out of 84). Of all participants, 25.9% were hospitalised in the first year of follow-up, with the highest rate in patients with newly detected COPD (32.1%).Many new cases of COPD could be detected by screening frail elderly subjects with dyspnoea, but the impact on patient management seems limited. Our study underlines the importance of obtaining follow-up data to assess the true impact of a (screen-detected) diagnosis of COPD on patient management and outcome.
Reliance on end-expiratory wedge pressure leads to misclassification of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: LeVarge Barbara L. , Pomerantsev Eugene , Channick Richard N. 
Published: June 2014

Current guidelines recommend measurement of pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) at end-expiration. However, this recommendation is not universally followed and may not be physiologically appropriate. We investigated the performance of end-expiratory PAWP in the evaluation of precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients.329 spontaneously breathing patients undergoing right heart catheterisation were retrospectively classified as having a precapillary, post-capillary or mixed phenotype based on standardised clinical criteria. Tracings were reviewed to compare end-expiratory PAWP with PAWP averaged throughout the respiratory cycle; these values were correlated with the clinical classifications. Predictors of large respirophasic variation in PAWP were determined.Elevated end-expiratory PAWP (>15 mmHg) occurred in 29% of subjects with precapillary phenotype. There were no differences in demographics or clinical history between those with elevated and normal end-expiratory PAWP. Those with elevated end-expiratory PAWP had greater right atrial pressure and respirophasic PAWP variation. Among all subjects, the magnitude of respirophasic variation in PAWP was positively correlated with body mass index and respirophasic variation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.A significant proportion of precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients have end-expiratory PAWP >15 mmHg. Spontaneous positive end-expiratory intrathoracic pressure may contribute; in those cases, PAWP averaged throughout respiration may be a more accurate measurement.
Sequencing and characterization of the transcriptome of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)
Authors: Wang Wenji , Yi Qilin , Ma Liman , Zhou Xiaosu , Zhao Haitao , Wang Xubo , Qi Jie , Yu Haiyang , Wang Zhigang , Zhang Quanqi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a valuable fish for aquaculture in China. This fish exhibits sexual dimorphism, particularly different growth rates and body sizes between two genders. Thus, C. semilaevis is a good model that can be used to investigate mechanisms responsible for such dimorphism, this model can also be utilized to answer fundamental questions in evolution and applied fields of aquaculture. Hence, advances in second-generation sequencing technology, such as 454 pyrosequencing, could provide a robust tool to study the genome characteristics of non-model species.

Results
In this study, C. semilaevis was subjected to de novo transcriptome sequencing and characterization. A total of 749,954 reads were generated using a single 454 sequencing run in a full PicoTiter plate. These reads were then assembled into 62,632 contigs with a 10-fold average sequencing coverage. A total of 26,589 sequences were successfully annotated based on sequence similarities; among these sequences, 3,451 transcripts exhibited gene ontology terms and 2,362 showed enzyme commissions associated with 186 pathways from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathways. A search of repetitive elements was performed, and 1,898 transposable elements were identified. Approximately 7,800 simple-sequence repeats and 21,234 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were also detected.

Conclusions
Our data provided an integrated and comprehensive transcriptome resource for C. semilaevis. These data could be used for further research in population genetics, gene function, and tissue-specific gene expressions.
Purification and biocompatibility of fermented hyaluronic acid for its applications to biomaterials
Authors: Choi Sungchul , Choi Woncheol , Kim Sekweon , Lee Su-Yeon , Noh Insup , Kim Chan-Wha 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is of importance due to its diverse applications in pharmaceuticals and medical devices such as dermal filler, adhesion barriers, carrier for cells and bioactive molecules as well as scaffold biomaterials for tissue engineering. Evaluations of purification and biocompatibility of HA are required for its applications to biomaterials.

Results

After synthesizing HA by fermentation of
streptococcus zooepidemicus
for 25 hr, extensively purification of the fermented broth was performed to remove impurities using a filtration process for insoluble components and cells, and diverse adsorbents for soluble impurities. Its
in vitro
biocompatibility has been evaluated by measurement of cell counting and assay of cell live and dead. 60% yield of white HA powder was obtained, having 15–17 dL/g intrinsic viscosity with a molecular weight of approximately 1,000 kDa. While low molecular weight impurities and insoluble impurities were successfully removed using a ultrafiltration membrane with 50 KDa molecular weight cut, endotoxins, high molecular weight proteins and nucleic acids were removed from the broth by employing adsorbents such as alumina and activated carbons. Alumina showed the best results for the removal of endotoxins, all of the activated carbons were very effective in the removal of high molecular weight proteins and nucleic acids. The purified HA solution showed excellent cell compatibility with no cell damages as observed by both measurement of cell proliferation and observation of cell viability.

Conclusions
We obtained high molecular weight HA with excellent biocompatibility as judged by both measurement of cell proliferation and viability, indicating high possibility of its applications to biomaterials.
Stimulated migration and penetration of vascular endothelial cells into poly (L-lactic acid) scaffolds under flow conditions
Authors: Koo Min-Ah , Kang Jae Kyeong , Lee Mi Hee , Seo Hyok Jin , Kwon Byeong-Ju , You Kyung Eun , Kim Min Sung , Kim Dohyun , Park Jong-Chul 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The initial procedure of the development of engineered tissues is cell seeding into three-dimensional polymer scaffolds. However, it is hard to make the cells invade into scaffold due to the characteristic of pore and material. Electrospun poly (L-lactic acid) scaffold and flow perfusion system were used to overcome these seeding problems.

Results

Before starting the experiment, we set up the parallel plate chamber system to observe endothelial cell migration under flow condition. In individual cell migration model, human umbilical endothelial cells started to migrate in the direction of flow at 8 dyne/cm
2
and we observed the cytoskeleton alignment at 8 dyne/cm
2
.

This study has demonstrated the possibility to evaluate and analyze cell migration using the parallel plate chamber system and we may predict
in vivo
cell migration under flow condition based on these results. Also the flow perfusion system was established for the effective cell seeding into at three dimensional scaffolds. Moreover, shear stress induced by flow can enhance cell migration into PLLA scaffold that is in the form of cotton.

Conclusions
Result indicated that cell penetration was achieved under flow condition better and more than under static condition throughout the matrix.
Elevated C-reactive protein is associated with lower increase in knee muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a 2-year follow-up study in the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis (AMS-OA) cohort
Authors: Sanchez-Ramirez Diana C , van der Leeden Marike , van der Esch Martin , Roorda Leo D , Verschueren Sabine , van Dieën Jaap H , Dekker Joost , Lems Willem F 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to examine the associations of elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with change in muscle strength in patients with established knee osteoarthritis (OA), at 2 years.

Methods
Data from 186 patients with knee OA were gathered at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. CRP (in milligrams per liter) and ESR (in millimeters per hour) were measured in serum from patients’ blood. Strength of quadriceps and hamstrings muscles was assessed by using an isokinetic dynamometer. The association of inflammatory markers with change in knee muscle strength was analyzed by using uni- and multi-variate linear regression models.

Results
Patients with elevated CRP values at both baseline and 2-year follow-up exhibited a lower increase in knee muscle strength for a period of 2 years (β = -0.22; P = 0.01) compared with the group with non-elevated levels at both times of assessment. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounders. Elevated ESR values at both times of assessment were not significantly associated with change in knee muscle strength (β = -0.05; P = 0.49).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that elevated CRP values are related to a lower gain in muscle strength over time in patients with established knee OA. Although the mechanism to explain this relationship is not fully elucidated, these results suggest inflammation as a relevant factor influencing muscle strength in this group of patients.
Gains in employment status following antidepressant medication
or cognitive therapy for depression
Authors: Fournier Jay C. , DeRubeis Robert J. , Amsterdam Jay , Shelton Richard C. , Hollon Steven D. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundDepression can adversely affect employment status.AimsTo examine whether there is a relative advantage of cognitive therapy or
antidepressant medication in improving employment status following
treatment, using data from a previously reported trial.MethodRandom assignment to cognitive therapy (n = 48) or the
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (n =
93) for 4 months; treatment responders were followed for up to 24 months.
Differential effects of treatment on employment status were examined.ResultsAt the end of 28 months, cognitive therapy led to higher rates of
full-time employment (88.9%) than did antidepressant medication among
treatment responders (70.8%), χ21 = 5.78, P = 0.02, odds ratio (OR) = 5.66,
95% CI 1.16–27.69. In the shorter-term, the main effect of treatment on
employment status was not significant following acute treatment
(χ21 = 1.74, P = 0.19, OR = 1.77, 95% CI
0.75–4.17); however, we observed a site×treatment interaction
(χ21 = 6.87, P = 0.009) whereby cognitive
therapy led to a higher rate of full-time employment at one site but not
at the other.ConclusionsCognitive therapy may produce greater improvements in employment
v. medication, particularly over the longer term.
On the Time Course, Generality, and Regulation of Plasma Progesterone Release in Male Rats by Stress Exposure
Authors: Hueston Cara M. , Deak Terrence 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Although progesterone is most commonly regarded in terms of its role in the female estrous cycle, reproductive behavior, and pregnancy, progesterone is also a precursor to corticosterone (CORT) and is released from the adrenal glands of both sexes in response to stress. However, the relationship between plasma CORT and progesterone during times of stress has not been well established. To better characterize dynamic changes in progesterone release as a result of stressor exposure, plasma progesterone levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay under multiple conditions, including after stress exposure (footshock, restraint, and forced swim), manipulations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (injection of metyrapone or dexamethasone, or adrenalectomy), and in response to CRH and ACTH injections. When plasma levels of ACTH, CORT, and progesterone were analyzed across studies, CORT and progesterone were found to be highly correlated and rarely dissociated. Additionally, it appears that in male rats, the adrenal glands are the principle source of circulating progesterone in response to stress. Interestingly, a detailed time course indicated lack of a circadian rhythm of progesterone secretion, despite a robust rhythm of circulating CORT. The current studies provide critical new information on the coincident release of progesterone and CORT in response to stress and their somewhat paradoxical dissociation across the circadian rhythm. These findings provide an important foundation for future studies that will examine the role of stress-induced progesterone in behavioral, neuroimmune, and neuroendocrine responses to stress.
Compromised Bone Microarchitecture and Estimated Bone Strength in Young Adults With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Putman Melissa S. , Milliren Carly E. , Derrico Nicholas , Uluer Ahmet , Sicilian Leonard , Lapey Allen , Sawicki Gregory , Gordon Catherine M. , Bouxsein Mary L. , Finkelstein Joel S. 
Published: June 2014

Context:Young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk for low bone density and fractures, but the underlying alterations in bone microarchitecture that may contribute to their increased fracture risk are currently unknown.Objective:The main goal of this study was to use high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to characterize the bone microarchitecture, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and estimated strength of the radius and tibia in young adults with CF compared with healthy volunteers.Design and Setting:This was a cross-sectional study at an outpatient clinical research center within a tertiary academic medical center.Participants:Thirty young adults with CF, 18 to 40 years of age, were evaluated and compared with 60 healthy volunteers matched by age (±2 years), gender, and race.Main Outcome Measures:The primary outcomes were HR-pQCT–derived cortical and trabecular vBMD, bone microarchitecture, and estimates of bone strength.Results:At the radius and tibia, young adults with CF had smaller bone cross-sectional area and lower vBMD. Cortical and trabecular microarchitecture were compromised at both sites, most notably involving the trabecular bone of the tibia. These differences translated into lower estimated bone strength both at the radius and tibia. After accounting for body mass index differences, young adults with CF had lower bone area and estimated bone strength at the radius and had compromised trabecular microarchitecture and lower total and trabecular vBMD and estimated bone strength at the tibia. Alterations in trabecular bone density and microarchitecture and estimated strength measures of the tibia were also greater than expected based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived areal BMD differences.Conclusions:Young adults with CF have compromised bone microarchitecture and lower estimated bone strength at both the radius and tibia, even after accounting for their smaller body size. These skeletal deficits likely explain the higher fracture risk observed in young adults with CF.
Preparation and Solvent-dependent Photochromism of Triptycene-bonded Dithienylethenes
Authors: Luo Qianfu , Bao Shumin , Wang Qiu , Qu Dahui , Liu Maoqi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Two new, stable photochromic dithienylethenes DTE-1 and DTE-2 based on triptycene were conveniently synthesized in one pot. Their spectral properties and photochromism in different solvents were studied extensively. It was revealed that the two DTE–triptycene conjugates undergo special UV–vis absorption and color change in chloride solvents when irradiated by UV light.
Synthesis and Polymerization of a para-Disubstituted T8-caged Hexaisobutyl-POSS Monomer
Authors: Maegawa Takayuki , Irie Yasuyuki , Fueno Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Naka Kensuke 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A para-substituted bis(3-aminopropyl)hexaisobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was successfully synthesized via a selective corner-opening reaction of 3-aminopropylheptaisobutyl-POSS and a subsequent corner-capping reaction. The selectivity of the corner-opening reaction was studied by density functional theory calculations. Polymerization of the POSS monomer with pyromellitic dianhydride resulted in a yellow, self-standing film.
Termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality
Authors: Lyus Richard , Creed Karen , Fisher Jane , McKeon Lucy 
Published: June 2014

A small but important minority of pregnant women will be diagnosed with a fetal abnormality, and most women diagnosed with a serious fetal abnormality choose to terminate the pregnancy. Midwives have a key role to play in providing high quality care to women given a diagnosis of fetal anomaly. This includes provision of information about the option of and methods of termination, which may be discussed before women opt into screening. Both medical and surgical termination are safe and effective, but involve very different experiences for the patient and her support person. Therefore, both options should be available to all women having a termination for fetal abnormality up to 24 weeks gestation and health professionals should help women to choose the method which best suits their individual coping style. In addition to medical advice about future pregnancy planning, women may need ongoing emotional and psychological support after their termination.
Allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: June 2014

Allergic rhinitis is often trivialized. Unlike asthma, allergic rhinitis is not life-threatening. However, allergic rhinitis often undermines quality of life, impairs education and reduces economic productivity, and it's often forgotten that most allergic rhinitis patients suffer symptoms year round rather than just in the spring and summer. Mark Greener examines the link between allergic rhinitis and asthma.
A versatile model of open-fracture infection
Authors: Penn-Barwell J. G. , Rand B. C. C. , Brown K. V. , Wenke J. C. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to refine an accepted contaminated rat femur defect model to result in an infection rate of approximately 50%. This threshold will allow examination of treatments aimed at reducing infection in open fractures with less risk of type II error. Methods Defects were created in the stablised femurs of anaethetised rats, contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and then debrided and irrigated six hours later. After 14 days, the bone and implants were harvested for separate microbiological analysis. This basic model was developed in several studies by varying the quantity of bacterial inoculation, introducing various doses of systemic antibiotics with and without local antibiotics. Results The bacterial inoculation associated with a 50% infection rate was established as 1 × 102 colony forming units (CFU). With an initial bacterial inoculum of 1 × 105 CFU, the dose of systemic antibiotics associated with 50% infection was 5 mg/Kg of cafazolin injected sub-cutaneously every 12 hours, starting at the time of the first debridment and continuing for 72 hours (seven doses). The systemic dose of cafazolin was lowered to 2 mg/Kg when antibiotic polymethyl methacrylate beads were used concurrently with the same amount of bacterial inoculation. Conclusion This model of open fracture infection has been further refined with potential for local and systemic antibiotics. This is a versatile model and with the concepts presented herein, it can be modified to evaluate various emerging therapies and concepts for open fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:187–92.
Experience of portraiture in a clinical setting: An artist’s story
Authors: Gilbert Mark 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this article the author reflects upon the challenges, rewards and learning he experienced as a portrait painter working on two arts-based research projects in hospitals. He describes how the relationships with the patients and caregivers who sat for their portraits generated new realizations for artist and model. Although initially resistant to the notion of art as research, his profound experiences co-creating with people portrayed, convinced him of the healing values and therapeutic benefits that artistic practices have in abundance. Portraiture, here, served as a bridge that brought the two worlds of art and medicine together.
Assessing well-being outcomes for arts and heritage activities: Development of a Museum Well-being Measures toolkit
Authors: Thomson Linda , Chatterjee Helen 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Many museums and galleries offer services directed at improving the health and well-being of their audiences. Despite this increasing area of activity there is no standardized method for assessing the impact on participants. Recent research into heritage-in-health revealed the need for a culture-specific toolkit of measures to assess the well-being of adults participating in museum, arts and heritage activities. A pre-trial survey of UK specialist museums ascertained how a toolkit might be used and what methods of evaluation already existed. Prototypes were trialled over twelve months and a post-trial survey was conducted prior to production of the toolkit. Statistically reliable measures were constructed for positive and negative emotion. Comparison of pretest-posttest differences showed highly significant increases in positive scores and decreases in negative scores with medium to large effect sizes. All words in the measures contributed to changes in emotion. Full and short Generic Well-being Questionnaires (GWQ) were developed for people with dementia.
Creating community: An arts-based enquiry
Authors: Horsford Ro , Rumbold Jean , Varney Helen , Morris Deborah , Dungan Lynette , Lith Theresa Van 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article presents a small cooperative enquiry in a public health setting where six researchers used arts-based methods to explore our experiences of community and its effects. We represented our experiences in images and stories, and include these presentational forms of knowing here alongside the analyses that connect our findings to propositions about health, community and social inclusion. In terms of practical knowing, we sought a greater understanding of what forms, what constrains and what sustains community.