bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and Socio-economic Issues in Sri Lanka: An Assessment of Landslide-Induced Relocations in Aranayake
Authors: Abeywardhana Dinushika M. Yapa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBeing a tropical island with a developing economy in the South Asian region, Sri Lanka is exposed to the adverse impacts of climate change. Extreme weather events and their slow-onset effects have threatened well-functioning communities, serving as a core factor for climate mobility. This paper explores the socio-economic impacts of landslide-induced relocations in Aranayake, Sri Lanka. Communities in Aranayake were exposed to a massive landslide in 2017, which led to a wide range of relocations. The relocation of the affected community to peripheral areas intensified the economic and social vulnerabilities, leaving their well-being at risk. The lack of consideration for the societal implications of the relocation and the rebuilding process has further enhanced their vulnerability by disrupting social networks and reducing individual livelihoods. Though it has been five years since the landslide relocation, the insecurities of the communities persist, and access to fundamental rights, including food, development, and freedom, are negatively impacted. Proper identification of the community’s needs before the relocation and proper post-monitoring is a must in order for policy formation in Sri Lanka to be more effective and community sensitive.
Climate Change-Induced Disaster Displacement and Law in India: Positioning the Operationalization of Artificial Intelligence for Protecting Human Rights
Authors: Ahmad Nafees 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasing role in humanitarian space requiring the integration of human rights into AI and human rights-based approach (HRBA) into law and policy relating to the Climate Change-induced Disaster Displacement (CiDD) in India. AI has the potential to significantly impact low-emission, climate-resilient development as well as CiDD. The UN Climate Change Initiative on AI for Climate Action investigates how AI might be used as a potent instrument to advance and intensify climate action that is revolutionary and pragmatic. Therefore, the CiDD crisis must also be re-imagined and operationalised for protecting human rights instead of posing risks to inherent human dignity and human protection at the intersection of National Disaster Laws (NDL), National Climate Law Frameworks (NCLF) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). The institutional capabilities of the AI-driven systems pose challenges to the human rights of the CiDD population that has become a threat multiplier. Therefore, AI technologies must be designed and developed to incorporate diagnostic, formative, and summative digital assessments of the CiDD situations. The digital assessments must be integrated with NDL, NCLF, and IHRL frameworks to facilitate the protection of human rights. In protecting human rights, the changing climate conditions have necessitated a specific legally binding international Human Rights Protection Framework (HRPF) during CiDD situations. Therefore, India can create AI-driven automatic decision-making (ADM) systems in collaboration with Asia–Pacific countries or otherwise to protect human rights in CiDD scenarios. Thus, in India and elsewhere, AI technologies, AI policies, and accountability systems operationalise human rights protection and contribute to attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in climate statecraft and beyond. In this chapter, I explore the space to integrate AI into NDL, NCLF, and IHRL frameworks with the human rights-based approach (HRBA). I investigate the questions around legal and policy considerations, such as the divergences and convergences of AI norms between NDL on CiDD and the protection of human rights in India. Can AI help national governments better prepare for CiDD migration? What are the specific AI tools and AI best practices that India can adopt for operationalizing the ADM systems and integrating them with the NDL and IHRL framework? Can AI be used to direct and operationalize the IHRL framework in the CiDD crisis? Should AI Ethics be invoked to plug gaps in CiDD emergency and raise standards above the minimum requirements of IHRL obligations in India? Would the age of algorithmic humanitarianism be sufficient for protecting human rights in CiDD prosceniums?
Form factors, spectral and Källén-Lehmann representation in nonlocal quantum gravity
Authors: Briscese Fabio , Calcagni Gianluca , Modesto Leonardo , Nardelli Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We discuss the conical region of convergence of exponential and asymptotically polynomial form factors and their integral representations. Then, we calculate the spectral representation of the propagator of nonlocal theories with entire form factors, in particular, of the above type. The spectral density is positive-definite and exhibits the same spectrum as the local theory. We also find that the piece of the propagator corresponding to the time-ordered two-point correlation function admits a generalization of the Källén-Lehmann representation with a standard momentum dependence and a spectral density differing from the local one only in the presence of interactions. These results are in agreement with what already known about the free theory after a field redefinition and about perturbative unitarity of the interacting theory. The spectral and Källén-Lehmann representations have the same standard local limit, which is recovered smoothly when sending the fundamental length scale ℓ* in the form factor to zero.
Influence of machining conditions on dry EDM with workpiece cooling of Inconel 625 alloy in the milling kinematics
Authors: Żyra Agnieszka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne potential eco-friendly variant of electro-discharge machining is dry electro-discharge machining (EDM), in which the liquid hydrocarbon–based dielectric is substituted with a gaseous medium. The primary challenge associated with dry EDM is the excessive dissipation of heat within the machining gap, which restricts its utilisation only to a microscale machining. Consequently, further modifications to the underlying mechanism of the process are being undertaken with the aim of efficient industrialising it on a larger scale. In the present study, a novel approach is proposed to enhance the efficiency of dry-EDM process while using carbon dioxide as a gaseous medium together with introducing additional external workpiece cooling with deionised water. A series of experiments were conducted to determinate the impact of external workpiece cooling with deionised water and the main machining parameters, namely pulse-on time and current intensity gas pressure, on the material removal rate, working electrode wear, and surface integrity of Inconel 625 during EDM in milling kinematics. The results demonstrated that, under the same machining parameters, the wear of the working electrode, the surface roughness, and the thickness of the recast layer were significantly reduced in the EDM with external workpiece cooling in comparison to the dry-EDM process without water cooling. Furthermore, the EDM with coolant exhibited superior performance in comparison to the dry-EDM process due to the fact that there were fewer changes in the surface morphology and chemical composition of the machined material.
Effects of novel flame retardants tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) on function and homeostasis in human and rat pancreatic beta-cell lines
Authors: Pavlíková Nela , Šrámek Jan , Němcová Vlasta , Bajard Lola 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the fact that environmental pollution has been implicated in the global rise of diabetes, the research on the impact of emerging pollutants such as novel flame retardants remains limited. In line with the shift towards the use of non-animal approaches in toxicological testing, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two novel flame retardants tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in rat (INS1E) and human (NES2Y) pancreatic beta-cell lines. One-week exposure to 1 μM and 10 μM TDCIPP and TPhP altered intracellular insulin and proinsulin levels, but not the levels of secreted insulin (despite the presence of a statistically insignificant trend). The exposures also altered the protein expression of several factors involved in beta-cell metabolic pathways and signaling, including ATP citrate lyase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, perilipins, glucose transporters, ER stress-related factors, and antioxidant enzymes. This study has brought new and valuable insights into the toxicity of TDCIPP and TPhP on beta-cell function and revealed alterations that might impact insulin secretion after more extended exposure. It also adds to the scarce studies using in vitro pancreatic beta-cells models in toxicological testing, thereby promoting the development of non-animal testing strategy for identifying pro-diabetic effects of chemical pollutants.
Carfilzomib-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) refractory to eculizumab: A case report and literature review
Authors: Meseha Mina , Qu Dan , Lykon Jill , Coffey David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis case report describes the clinical course of a patient with relapsed IgA kappa multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics. Initially treated with daratumumab–bortezomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone (Dara-VRD) then transitioned to lenalidomide maintenance. However, he experienced a relapse and was treated with carfilzomib-based therapy (CFZ) but developed drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (DI-TMA). Despite receiving eculizumab and supportive care, the patient's condition worsened, leading to encephalopathy and refractory gastrointestinal bleeding in the setting of persistent thrombocytopenia. Ultimately, the decision was made to transition to comfort-focused care. DI-TMA has been documented with various proteasome inhibitors such as ixazomib and bortezomib. Additionally, other medications such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, and interferon have been associated with DI-TMA as well (Pisoni et al. (Drug Saf 24:491–501, 2001) [18]). Here we discuss a case of carfilzomib-induced TMA (CFZ-TMA) refractory to eculizumab as well as a review of the published literature.
Changes in aerobic metabolism associated with the settlement transition for the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)
Authors: Downie Adam T. , Phelps Caroline M. , Illing Björn , Whan Jen , McCormick Mark I. , Rummer Jodie L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetamorphosis is a critical aspect of coral reef fish ecology. This developmental milestone marks changes in form and function that permit successful transition of pelagic larvae to the demersal lifestyle on coral reefs. However, we know very little about the physiological changes that occur during this period, specifically potential changes in energetics associated with swimming. This is critical, as swimming is the mechanism by which pelagic larvae find a suitable reef on which to settle. Coral grouper larvae (Serranidae: Plectropomas leopardus) were collected at night as they came into the vicinity of a fringing reef to settle, and their physiological metamorphosis was characterized. Larvae and 24 h-settled juveniles were exposed to an endurance swimming test at ecologically relevant swimming speeds, and oxygen uptake rates were measured during activity. To describe how aerobic and anaerobic properties of tissues change during metamorphosis, we also measured whole body citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, respectively, as well as mitochondrial density in the trunk and pectoral fins. Our approach accurately measures the oxygen uptake rates these life stages need during the recruitment process, with larvae having a 74% higher mass-specific oxygen uptake rate (ṀO2) than settled juveniles despite swimming at speeds that are only 1.5 body-lengths per second (BLs−1) faster. Citrate synthase activity significantly decreased upon settlement; as larvae had 3.7 times higher activities than juveniles, suggesting that rapid changes in aerobic metabolism of tissues may be an important process during metamorphosis in this species. In contrast, lactate dehydrogenase did not significantly differ upon settlement. These findings highlight some physiological modifications that pelagic coral grouper larvae undertake within 24 h that contribute to successfully settling onto a coral reef.
Genetic factors and symptom dimensions associated with antidepressant treatment outcomes: clues for new potential therapeutic targets?
Authors: Martone Alfonso , Possidente Chiara , Fanelli Giuseppe , Fabbri Chiara , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTreatment response and resistance in major depressive disorder (MDD) show a significant genetic component, but previous studies had limited power also due to MDD heterogeneity. This literature review focuses on the genetic factors associated with treatment outcomes in MDD, exploring their overlap with those associated with clinically relevant symptom dimensions. We searched PubMed for: (1) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) or whole exome sequencing studies (WESs) that investigated efficacy outcomes in MDD; (2) studies examining the association between MDD treatment outcomes and specific depressive symptom dimensions; and (3) GWASs of the identified symptom dimensions. We identified 13 GWASs and one WES of treatment outcomes in MDD, reporting several significant loci, genes, and gene sets involved in gene expression, immune system regulation, synaptic transmission and plasticity, neurogenesis and differentiation. Nine symptom dimensions were associated with poor treatment outcomes and studied by previous GWASs (anxiety, neuroticism, anhedonia, cognitive functioning, melancholia, suicide attempt, psychosis, sleep, sociability). Four genes were associated with both treatment outcomes and these symptom dimensions: CGREF1 (anxiety); MCHR1 (neuroticism); FTO and NRXN3 (sleep). Other overlapping signals were found when considering genes suggestively associated with treatment outcomes. Genetic studies of treatment outcomes showed convergence at the level of biological processes, despite no replication at gene or variant level. The genetic signals overlapping with symptom dimensions of interest may point to shared biological mechanisms and potential targets for new treatments tailored to the individual patient’s clinical profile.
Uncovering the correlation between neurotransmitter-specific functional connectivity and multidimensional anxiety in a non-clinical cohort
Authors: Saiz-Masvidal C. , De la Peña-Arteaga V. , Bertolín S. , Martínez-Zalacaín I. , Juaneda-Seguí A. , Chavarría-Elizondo P. , Subirà M. , Menchón J. M. , Fullana M. A. , Soriano-Mas C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch on anxiety faces challenges due to the wide range of symptoms, making it difficult to determine if different aspects of anxiety are linked to distinct neurobiological processes. Both alterations in functional brain connectivity (FC) and monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems are implicated as potential neural bases of anxiety. We aimed to investigate whole-brain FC involving monoaminergic nuclei and its association with anxiety dimensions in 178 non-clinical participants. Nine anxiety-related scales were used, encompassing trait and state anxiety scores, along with measures of cost-probability, hypervigilance, reward-punishment sensitivity, uncertainty, and trait worry. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, focusing on seven brainstem regions representing serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic nuclei, with their FC patterns voxel-wise correlated with the scales. All models underwent family-wise-error correction for multiple comparisons. We observed intriguing relationships: trait and state anxiety scores exhibited opposing correlations in FC between the dorsal raphe nucleus and the paracingulate gyrus. Additionally, we identified shared neural correlates, such as a negative correlation between the locus coeruleus and the frontal pole. This connection was significantly associated with scores on measures of probability, hypervigilance, reward sensitivity, and trait worry. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between anxiety dimensions and subcortico-cortical FC patterns, shedding light on the underlying neural mechanisms governing anxiety.
Clinicopathological association of CD93 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shen Yun , Wu Yahui , Hao Mengfei , Fu Minghan , Zhu Kai , Luo Panru , Wang Jinsheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aims
CD93 was recently identified as a promising therapeutic target for angiogenesis blockade in various tumors. Herein, we aimed to investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of CD93 in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods
The gene expression of CD93 gastric adenocarcinoma was assessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. We then analyzed CD93 expression in 404 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological associations and prognostic implications of CD93 expression were further investigated.

Results
Using the TCGA dataset, we observed a significantly elevated CD93 gene expression in gastric adenocarcinoma compared to normal gastric tissues. The immunohistochemistry assay revealed a highly variable CD93 expression among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, consistently demonstrating higher intratumor expression than in adjacent normal tissues. Notably, CD93 was predominantly expressed on the membrane of CD31+ vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, patients with higher CD93 expression demonstrated significantly poorer overall survival. Accordingly, higher CD93 expression was associated with deeper invasion and a higher possibility of lymph node metastasis and developing tumor thrombus. Cox proportional hazards regression suggested CD93 expression was an independent predictor for the prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions
Our study revealed a significantly higher CD93 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma when compared with adjacent normal gastric tissues, and demonstrated its predominant expression on vascular endothelial cells. Our findings also highlighted the clinicopathological significance of CD93 in gastric adenocarcinoma, shedding light on a potential therapeutic target.
Integrative genomic analyses identify neuroblastoma risk genes involved in neuronal differentiation
Authors: Tirelli Matilde , Bonfiglio Ferdinando , Cantalupo Sueva , Montella Annalaura , Avitabile Marianna , Maiorino Teresa , Diskin Sharon J. , Iolascon Achille , Capasso Mario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been decisive in elucidating the genetic predisposition of neuroblastoma (NB). The majority of genetic variants identified in GWAS are found in non-coding regions, suggesting that they can be causative of pathogenic dysregulations of gene expression. Nonetheless, pinpointing the potential causal genes within implicated genetic loci remains a major challenge. In this study, we integrated NB GWAS and expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) data from adrenal gland to identify candidate genes impacting NB susceptibility. We found that ZMYM1, CBL, GSKIP and WDR81 expression was dysregulated by NB predisposing variants. We further investigated the functional role of the identified genes through computational analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from single-cell and whole-tissue samples of NB, neural crest, and adrenal gland tissues, as well as through in vitro differentiation assays in NB cell cultures. Our results indicate that dysregulation of ZMYM1, CBL, GSKIP, WDR81 may lead to malignant transformation by affecting early and late stages of normal program of neuronal differentiation. Our findings enhance the understanding of how specific genes contribute to NB pathogenesis by highlighting their influence on neuronal differentiation and emphasizing the impact of genetic risk variants on the regulation of genes involved in critical biological processes.
Karlleuite Ca2MnO4 – a first mineral with the Ruddlesden-Popper type structure from Bellerberg volcano, Germany
Authors: Juroszek Rafał , Krüger Biljana , Cametti Georgia , Ternes Bernd , Blaβ Günter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKarlleuite, ideally Ca2MnO4, is a newly approved accessory mineral found in the xenolith sample within the basaltic lava from the Caspar quarry, Bellerberg volcano, Eifel, Germany. It usually occurs as thin tabular/plate crystals, which range from 40 to 80 μm in diameter, and is associated with other members of the perovskite supergroup such as srebrodolskite, brownmillerite, sharyginite, perovskite, and lakargiite distributed within rock-forming minerals represented by reinhardbraunsite, fluorellestadite, fluorapatite, larnite, gehlenite, and several hydrated Ca aluminosilicates. Karlleuite crystals are brown with sub-metallic lustre, a light brown streak, and a good cleavage along (001). It is non-fluorescent, brittle and has an uneven fracture, a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and calculated density Dx = 3.79 g/cm3. The empirical formula of the holotype karlleuite calculated based on O = 4 atoms per formula is (Ca1.97Ce3+0.06)2.03(Mn4 + 0.39Ti0.36Fe3+0.19Al0.09)1.03O4, which shows that it is a multicomponent phase characterised by various substituents at the octahedral site. Karlleuite is tetragonal I4/mmm (no. 139), with a = 3.7683(2) Å, c = 11.9893(8) Å, V = 170.254(17) Å3, and Z = 2. The calculated strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) hkl]: 5.995 (43), 2.742 (100), 2.665 (91), 2.023 (25), 1.998 (28), 1.884 (61), 1.553 (38), 1.371 (24). The new mineral is the first natural phase which exhibits a first order of Ruddlesden-Popper type structure, which indicates a modular nature and consists of Ca(Mn, Ti, Fe, Al)O3 perovskite layers, packed between CaO rock-salt layers arranged along the c-axis. Raman spectroscopy supports the interpretation of the chemical and structural data. Mineral association, structural data, as well as the study of the synthetic Ca-Mn-O system suggest that karlleuite could form under high-temperature conditions, above 1000˚C.