bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional development of graduate teaching assistants in faculty-like positions: Fostering reflective practices through reflective teaching journals
Authors: Gallego Muriel 
Published: June 2014

This study explores the outcomes of reflective journaling among novice Graduate Teaching Assistants during the initial stages of their professional development. It seeks to establish whether there were common concerns addressed in their journals and if different levels of reflection were achieved. By means of content analysis of 177 entries, nine common themes were identified. Among these, “methodology” and “classroom management” were the most prevalent. Three degrees of reflection were used to categorize the entries. Slightly over half of the entries achieved high levels of reflection, whereas 49% of the entries did not. Recommendations for teacher educators and facilitators of the professional development of graduate students are provided.
Fabrication and metrology of lithium niobate narrowband optical filters for the solar orbiter
Authors: Gensemer Stephen D. , Farrant David 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We report on the fabrication of custom voltage tunable etalons for the SO/PHI spaceborne solar imaging instrument [A. Gandorfer, S. K. Solanki, J. Woch, V. M. Pillet, A. A. Herrero, and T. Appourchaux, J. Phys.: Conference Series 271, 012086 (2011)]. The etalons were manufactured to place a transmission maximum within 0.3 Å of the FeI emission line at 6175.0 Å. Meeting this specification requires an overall thickness specified to within ±15 nm, over a 60 mm aperture. We describe here the metrology, modelling and coating procedures we developed to achieve this.
Hydroxide catalysis bonding for astronomical instruments
Authors: van Veggel Anna-Maria A. , Killow Christian J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Hydroxide catalysis bonding (HCB) as a jointing technique has been under development for astronomical applications since ∼1998 (patented by D.-H. Gwo). It uses an aqueous hydroxide solution to form a chemical bond between oxide or oxidisable materials (e.g., SiO2, sapphire, silicon and SiC). It forms strong, extremely thin bonds, and is suitable for room temperature bonding, precision alignment, operation in ultra-low vacuum and down to temperatures of 2.5 K. It has been applied in the NASA satellite mission Gravity Probe B and in the ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detector GEO600. It will soon fly again on the ESA LISA Pathfinder mission and is currently being implemented in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo ground-based GW detectors. This technique is also of considerable interest for use in other astronomical fields and indeed more broadly, due to its desirable, and adjustable, combination of properties. This paper gives an overview of how HCB has been and can be applied in astronomical instruments, including an overview of the current literature on the properties of hydroxide catalysis bonds.
A method for the use of ellipticities and spot diameters for the measurement of aberrations in wide-field telescopes
Authors: Noethe Lothar , Schipani Pietro , Holzlöhner Ronald , Rakich Andrew 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In wide-field survey telescopes, the patterns of spot sizes and ellipticities can be used to determine wavefront aberrations generated by the telescope. The calculation of spot sizes and ellipticities generated by telescope aberrations is most conveniently done if the aberrations are expressed in terms of Zernike-type polynomials whose derivatives are orthonormal. The field dependence of the spot sizes and ellipticities generated by the telescope can conveniently be expressed by low-order Zernike polynomials. Because the exposure times in astronomical survey work are typically rather short, this information may be used for a quasi-closed loop control of the telescope optics. The ability to accurately subtract ellipticities generated by telescope errors could also be useful for observations such as gravitational lensing surveys.
Framingham Risk Score for the prediction of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Lin Yaowang , Wei Xuebiao , Cai Anping , Yang Xing , Zhou Yingling , Yu Danqing 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background: Patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD) have concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD), but the model to detect coexistent coronary artery stenosis prior to surgery has not been validated. Our study investigated whether the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a valid predictor of CAD in patients undergoing surgery for CRHD.

Methods: A total of 989 rheumatic patients were enrolled between 2005 and 2010. They were subdivided into two groups according to coronary angiography (CAG) results to identify potential factors in the development of CAD. Finally, all patients were assessed using the FRS to examine the association between the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and CAD.

Results: There were statistically significant inter-group differences in terms of age, sex, smoking, hypertension, bypass surgery and cardiac function in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification status (p<0.05). We showed that the FRS had high accuracy in predicting CAD in female and male patients with CRHD. In the male group, the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting CAD was 0.904, with a specificity of 90.3% and sensitivity of 76.1%. In the female group, the AUC for predicting CAD was 0.924, with a specificity of 77.5% and sensitivity of 90.9%, respectively. With a cut-off point of a 10-year CVD risk of 12.5 (%) in the male group and a 10-year CVD risk of 2.5 (%) in the female group, the FRS identified 746 low-risk patients, including 11 (4.3%) with CAD in the male group and 4 (0.8%) with CAD in the female group. None of the patients needed an indication for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Conclusions: The FRS model can accurately predict the prevalence of significant CAD and can reliably identify low-risk patients in whom routine pre-surgical angiography could be avoided.
The Power of Awards
Authors: Frey Bruno S. , Gallus Jana 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Every economist worth his or her salt will tell you that monetary compensation is more efficient than all other forms of rewards. Awards have only received scant attention in the economics literature. Yet, they are ubiquitous. They can take many forms and include titles, prizes, orders, medals, and still other types of decorations. We outline the distinguishing characteristics of awards, especially in comparison to monetary rewards, show the potential risks and emphasize where awards are particularly useful.
A critical review of the multilayer sorption models and comparison with the sorption site occupancy (SSO) model for wood moisture sorption isotherm analysis
Authors: Willems Wim 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The wood moisture sorption (WMS) isotherm is generally considered to contain information on the water-cell wall interaction and the abundance of water sorption sites (SSs) in wood. The Hailwood-Horrobin (HH) model – as an example of the multilayer surface sorption models – is discussed for its suitability to analyze experimental WMS isotherms, to elaborate the fundamental sorption parameters. Based on multiple independent experimental and theoretical arguments, it was concluded that the basics of the surface multilayer-sorption models do not apply to wood. This is clearly illustrated by applying the analysis to the temperature-dependence of WMS isotherms, to the comparison of adsorption vs. desorption isotherms and to the quantification of SSs in wood. A sorption site occupancy (SSO) model is presented as an alternative for the HH model. It provides a comprehensive, thermodynamically consistent and quantitative basis for the analysis of WMS isotherms. The predicted SS densities are realistic and can be used to quantify sorption hysteresis and cell wall relaxation.
Enhancement of Wettability of Aluminum Based Silicon Carbide Reinforced Particulate Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Singh V. K. , Chauhan Sakshi , Gope P. C. , Chaudhary A. K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLately, materials research has shifted to composite materials from monolithic, adjusting to the global need for light weight, low cost, quality, and high performance in structural materials. Every effort aims to develop a material which can be appropriate for various industry and machinery purpose. In the present study, a modest attempt has been made to develop cast aluminum based silicon carbide (SiC) particulate metal matrix composite (MMC) and worked upon to raise the wettability factor between the matrix and dispersion phase. Magnesium (Mg) is used as wetting agent. It works by scavenging the oxygen from dispersoids surface and thinning the gas layer around dispersoids and this is done by forming MgO or MgAl
Street hawking among in-school adolescents in a south-western town in Nigeria: pattern, determinants and effects on school performance
Authors: Ijadunola Macellina Y. , Ojo Temitope O. , Babatunde Adelekan , Olatunji Gbajumo J. , Owolabi Gbolagade K. , Adewale Ibiyemi A. , Ifedayo Ibukun F. , Friday Ijuewe S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Street hawking is the commonest form of child labor in Nigeria. Although street hawking is very pervasive, there is the increasing need to fully understand its pattern and effects on those involved in hawking particularly adolescents who combine schooling with hawking. In Nigeria, data on the effects of street hawking on in-school adolescents are generally scanty. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in Ife Central Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun State, Nigeria to assess the pattern, determinants of street hawking among in-school adolescents and its effect on school performance. A cross-sectional study of 435 adolescents (aged 10–19) attending public secondary schools was done. Data were collected using facilitated self-administered questionnaires alongside a review of class records. Appropriate statistical analysis including multiple regression was done. Results showed mean age of respondents to be 14.6±2.1 years with prevalence of street hawking at 37.2%. Early adolescents (10–13 years) were more likely to engage in street hawking compared to their counterparts in late adolescence (aged 17–19). Female adolescents and students of trading mothers were significantly more likely to engage in street hawking. Respondents engaged in street hawking were significantly more likely to have failed the last academic term examination. The findings from this study will be useful for stakeholders as they develop policies and programmes to address the challenge of street hawking among adolescent school goers.
The Bible and Its Cinematic Adaptations: A Consideration of Filmic Exegesis
Authors: Burnette-Bletsch Rhonda 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article discusses key theoretical issues pertaining to the Bible’s cinematic reception history. It proposes the term “filmic exegesis” to describe a twofold process of interpretation, which involves both situated filmmakers (at the moment of production) and situated film-viewers (at moments of reception) as active readers of biblical texts. After tracing what has become the dominant scholarly narrative of the Bible’s history in cinema, three methodological points are considered: (1) the need for scholarship to reach beyond the hegemony of Hollywood, (2) the difficulty of establishing clear criteria to define what “counts” as biblical reception in film, and (3) the necessity of moving beyond descriptive cataloguing to critical analysis of the Bible’s filmic afterlives. Finally, this article confronts lingering academic skepticism toward the value of studying the Bible’s popular reception and explains why biblical scholars should bother with filmic exegesis.
Great Code or Great Codex? Northop Frye, William Blake, and Construals of the Bible
Authors: Ziolkowski Eric 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article reconsiders Northrop Frye’s classic study of the Bible and literature, The Great Code (1982), in order to question whether his application of that titular phrase might not significantly distort the meaning the phrase must have borne for its coiner, William Blake. My contention is that Blake’s engraving of the Laocoön, in which the “Great Code” aphorism appears, is itself a code of sorts, but not in Frye’s sense of a key to be used to unlock the meanings of works of art and literature – or to unlock anything else, for that matter. Nothing in the Laocoön, or in any of Blake’s other works, suggests that this was what Blake meant by “code.” Nor do any of the connotations the term bore in English usage in Blake’s time suggest such a meaning. My suggestion is that, far from promoting the Bible as a forward-functioning key by which to decipher the mythology of post-biblical literature, Blake’s Laocoön is a work fixated upon its own complex, synthesizing reception of the biblical and classical past, a tradition of strong creative misprisions about whose all-powerful influence Frye’s own work betrays an unmistakable anxiety in Harold Bloom’s sense of the phrase.
The Christian Reception of Sculpture in Late Antiquity and the Historical Reception of Late Antique Christian Sculpture
Authors: Marsengill Katherine 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article examines the place of sculpture in late antique Christianity. It shows how Christians regarded existing sculpture and proposes reasons why they produced their own. History tells us that Christians abandoned the production of sculpture by the 7th century. Scholars have proposed many theories about why this is so, from a decline in artistic ability to the use of two-dimensional painting to better convey certain conceptions about spirituality or to guard against the influence of pagan idolatry. This article argues that the latter theory should be reassessed with greater interpretive nuance. Rather than suggesting that one medium replaced another, we should instead allow each its unique niche and context within Christian cult practices. Ultimately, this article proposes that Christians also used statuettes in home shrines and participated in public pagan cults. Moreover, a few examples suggest they may even have produced statuettes of saints and of Christ for private veneration.
From Golgotha to Glastonbury and Beyond: The Transmutation of Jewish Burial Piety into English Imperial Exceptionalism
Authors: Lyons William John 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
At the 2010 New Delhi Commonwealth Games, the English gold medalists heard the music from the anthem ‘Jerusalem’ as they collected their medals. Chosen by a popular vote for that occasion, Sir Hubert Parry’s musical setting of the poetic introduction to William Blake’s epic poem, Milton, continues to serve as the most powerful piece of sacred music lauding England as a chosen nation, as the blessed place where the young Jesus walked and the aged Joseph of Arimathea founded the oldest church in Western Europe; it presents ‘Albion’ as the one place on earth in which Jerusalem is to be built anew. Yet the biblical Joseph was far removed from the British Isles for over a thousand years, long being thought in the East to have died in his hometown. It was through five incidental side-effects of important moments in the Joseph tradition’s growth that the pious Jewish councillor who appears momentarily to bury Jesus before disappearing from Mark’s gospel was transposed into the wealthy tin merchant-cum-decurio, soldier/knight-cum-uncle of Jesus who is found within the legends of Glastonbury and who supports an English exceptionalism which continues to echo today throughout the postcolonial spaces of the remnants of the British Empire.
Herbal and dietary supplement use in Bangkok: a survey
Authors: Tangkiatkumjai Mayuree , Boardman Helen , Walker Dawn-Marie 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background: People living in Asian countries including Thailand are likely to use herbal and dietary supplements (HDS). However, there is limited evidence of their usage in Thailand. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the prevalence of HDS usage amongst a general population in Bangkok; (2) patterns of HDS use; (3) reasons why Bangkok residents use HDS.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 400 Thai people aged 15 years or over at busy bus stops in Bangkok, Thailand, using convenience sampling. Data were collected via an interview regarding demographics, HDS usage and reasons of using HDS. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, were used to analyse the prevalence and the patterns of HDS use.

Results: The prevalence of HDS usage in the previous 6 months was 52%. The majority of people who took herbs used them to treat illnesses (58%), whereas the majority of people who took dietary supplements used them to promote well-being (65%). Respondents reported using HDS due to their efficacy (28%), wanting to try them (26%) and safety concerns with conventional medicines (15%).

Conclusions: Health care providers should be aware of HDS use amongst Thai residents in Bangkok. Policy makers should educate people about appropriate HDS use.
Best Value of Laser Power for Coherent Optical System
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Bhatia Kamaljit Singh 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCoherent optical system contains the ability of high data transmission at long distance. In this respect, laser power is effective parameter that plays important role on the receiver output. We studied the effect of laser power on constellation diagram with and without noise by varying length of the fiber. We examined for the best laser power value for the coherent optical system.
Maternal and fetal factors which influence cord blood glucose levels in term infants delivered by cesarean section
Authors: Koh Daisy , Hume Robert , Eisenhofer Graeme , Ogston Simon , Watson Jennifer , Williams Fiona 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Aim: To assess factors contributing to cord venous glucose homeostasis in term infants delivered by elective cesarean section.

Methods: Observational study of women-infant pairs at delivery. Biochemical and clinical data were collected about factors which might affect the levels of glucose, lactate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, human growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin.

Results: In the context of this data-set, three models explained a substantial amount regarding the variation: 79% of the variation in cord glucose levels is explained by levels of maternal glucose, cord venous pH, and cord lactate; 77% of the variation of cord lactate is explained by levels of cord venous pH, valine, maternal lactate and glucose, and cord norepinephrine; and 71% of the variation in cord norepinephrine is explained by levels of cord venous pO2, maternal lactate, cord insulin, cord GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), cord lactate, cord epinephrine, cord norepinephrine sulfate, and cord valine.

Conclusions: Term infants delivered by cesarean section are relatively hyperinsulinemic (insulin:glucose ratio of 2.4) and glucose levels are strongly associated with maternal glucose levels, cord pO2, and lactate levels. There were no associations with levels of cord glucose and levels of cortisol, epinephrine and lactate, which have been shown to be important contributors to postnatal glucose homeostasis in some infant groups.
The Global Economic Imbalances: The Dangers of Not Rebalancing
Authors: Sharma Shalendra D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract“Global imbalances” manifest in the large current account deficits and surpluses in the global economy and blamed by many for the global financial crisis of 2008 has become a source of much friction and discord among the G-20 economies. Rebalancing the global economy is essential to mitigating the divisions and promoting a more sustainable economic recovery. How and why did these imbalances emerge in the first place, what explains why rebalancing has proven to be so difficult, and what are the implications of failure? This paper addresses these interrelated issues.
Können wir autonom unser Gehirn manipulieren, bis wir jemand anderes sind?
Authors: Ohly Lukas 
Published: June 2014

ZusammenfassungDie Neurowissenschaften haben erhebliche Zweifel an der Autonomie menschlicher Entscheidungen geschaffen. Dadurch beflügeln sie die Praxis des Neuroenhancements, durch pharmazeutische oder medizinische Mittel die Gehirntätigkeit für die menschliche Leistungsfähigkeit zu verbessern. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt ein Kennzeichen des Subjektivitätsphänomens, um die ethische Frage zu beantworten, ab wann ein Subjekt seine Subjektivität zerstört, wenn es sein Gehirn willentlich manipuliert. Hierfür wird die Differenz zwischen dem Erleben und dem Erlebnisgehalt in Geltung gebracht. Beide Elemente der Subjektivität haben eine theologische Basis, die sich mit Schleiermachers Formel »schlechthinniges Abhängigkeitsgefühl« benennen lässt. Subjekte sind berechtigt, sich selbst zu manipulieren im Hinblick auf ihre Erlebnisgehalte. Dagegen zerstören sie sich selbst, wenn sie auch den Prozess des Erlebens antasten, und spielen Gott.
The role of Toll-like receptors in multiple sclerosis and possible targeting for therapeutic purposes
Authors: Gooshe Maziar , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Gambuzza Maria Elsa , Rezaei Nima 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe interaction between the immune and nervous systems suggests invaluable mechanisms for several pathological conditions, especially neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative pathology of the central nervous system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors involved in host defense and in recognition of invading pathogens. The role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as MS is only starting to be uncovered. Recent studies suggest an ameliorative role of TLR3 and a detrimental role of other TLRs in the onset and progression of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model of MS. Thus, modulating TLRs can represent an innovative immunotherapeutic approach in MS therapy. This article outlines the role of these TLRs in MS, also discussing TLR-targeted agonist or antagonists that could be used in the different stages of the disease.
Effects of B and V on microstructure of FeCrC cladding layers on the surface of Q235B mild steel by TIG welding
Authors: Luo Hui , Liu Peng , Teng Chengxin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The microstructure of iron-based alloy (FeCrC) cladding layers on the surface of Q235B mild steel was analyzed by means of SEM, XRD, and EPMA tests. The results indicated that structure morphology of FeCrC alloy cladding layers by TIG welding is mainly hexagonal and elongated in shape. These structures were composed of some hard phases, such as Cr23 C6, Cr3 C2, and Cr7 C3. When element B was added, the structure morphology of iron-based alloy cladding layers could be changed into an irregular clumpy and cracking shape, which appears as a Fe23(C, B)6 hard phase. When element V was added, the surface morphology was changed into a small clumpy shape, which was composed of (Fe, Cr) C and (Fe, Cr, V) C phase.