bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egg white grafts weak‐gels efficiently stabilize high internal phase emulsions and interfere with lipid hydrolysis: As delivery vehicles for hydrophobic actives
Authors: Yang Mingyue , Xiao Nan , Guo Shanguang , Ai Minmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the performance of egg white grafts (EWG) weak‐gel to stabilize high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) loaded with curcumin and analyzed the lipids hydrolysis after digestion via proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1H NMR. The results showed that the EWG weak‐gel formed after heating stabilized HIPEs exhibited small particle sizes, high values of storage and loss modulus, and a compact microstructure as well as better environmental stability. The stability of curcumin encapsulated in HIPEs stabilized by EWG weak‐gel was increased by 1.80‐fold. In in vitro simulation of digestion, the release of free fatty acids by HIPEs decreased from 89.59% to 31.85% with the increasing EWG weak‐gel proportion. Based on the results of 1H NMR analysis, unsaturated lipids are less susceptible to hydrolysis and oxidation as they are protected by a thicker interfacial layer formed by the EWG weak‐gel formed after heating. Hence, the EWG weak‐gel can stabilize HIPEs and deliver hydrophobic bioactive compounds efficiently and interfere with lipids hydrolysis.
Nanotechnology for climate change mitigation: Enhancing plant resilience under stress environments
Authors: Shoukat Abbas , Pitann Britta , Zafar Muhammad Mubashar , Farooq Muhammad Awais , Haroon Muhammad , Nawaz Allah , Wahab Syed Wasiq , Saqib Zulfiqar Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNanotechnology, utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) with unique physicochemical properties, has significant potential in enhancing sustainable agriculture through innovations in plant nutrition, growth, and protection.AimsThis review aims to assess how nanotechnology, particularly NPs, contributes to sustainable agriculture by improving plant nutrition and growth, enhancing stress resistance, and offering solutions for phytoremediation and agricultural efficiency.MethodsWe examine studies showcasing the application of NPs in agriculture, focusing on their effects on plant growth, nutrient delivery, stress mitigation, pollutant removal, and the enhancement of food shelf life through nano‐encapsulated fertilizers and nano‐sensors.ResultsNPs have demonstrated promising results in slow‐release fertilizers for targeted nutrient delivery, improved germination and physiological activity under stress, and enhanced efficiency in phytoremediation by aiding the removal of pollutants. Nano‐sensors in food packaging detect deterioration and extend food shelf life, whereas nano‐encapsulation of agrochemicals offers environment‐friendly pest and nutrient management solutions.ConclusionsNanotechnology presents a forward‐looking approach to sustainable agriculture by enhancing crop productivity, resource use efficiency, and environmental protection. Continued research is essential to unlock the full potential of NPs in agriculture, emphasizing safe and efficient application methods to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses and promote sustainability.
Self‐supervised learning for improved calibrationless radial MRI with NLINV‐Net
Authors: Blumenthal Moritz , Fantinato Chiara , Unterberg‐Buchwald Christina , Haltmeier Markus , Wang Xiaoqing , Uecker Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a neural network architecture for improved calibrationless reconstruction of radial data when no ground truth is available for training.MethodsNLINV‐Net is a model‐based neural network architecture that directly estimates images and coil sensitivities from (radial) k‐space data via nonlinear inversion (NLINV). Combined with a training strategy using self‐supervision via data undersampling (SSDU), it can be used for imaging problems where no ground truth reconstructions are available. We validated the method for (1) real‐time cardiac imaging and (2) single‐shot subspace‐based quantitative T1 mapping. Furthermore, region‐optimized virtual (ROVir) coils were used to suppress artifacts stemming from outside the field of view and to focus the k‐space‐based SSDU loss on the region of interest. NLINV‐Net‐based reconstructions were compared with conventional NLINV and PI‐CS (parallel imaging + compressed sensing) reconstruction and the effect of the region‐optimized virtual coils and the type of training loss was evaluated qualitatively.ResultsNLINV‐Net‐based reconstructions contain significantly less noise than the NLINV‐based counterpart. ROVir coils effectively suppress streakings which are not suppressed by the neural networks while the ROVir‐based focused loss leads to visually sharper time series for the movement of the myocardial wall in cardiac real‐time imaging. For quantitative imaging, T1‐maps reconstructed using NLINV‐Net show similar quality as PI‐CS reconstructions, but NLINV‐Net does not require slice‐specific tuning of the regularization parameter.ConclusionNLINV‐Net is a versatile tool for calibrationless imaging which can be used in challenging imaging scenarios where a ground truth is not available.
Advanced superparamagnetic cross‐linked chitosan‐based biosorbent hydrogel for efficient removal of indigo carmine dye from water: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Azadikhah Farnaz , Ghaderi Maryam , Khorsandi Hesam , Karimi Ali Reza 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWater contamination from industrial dyes poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. This study focuses on the development of advanced porous cross‐linked chitosan‐based hydrogels and superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposites for efficient removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye from water. The hydrogels were cross‐linked using benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and incorporated functionalized magnetic iron nanoparticles (CP‐MNPs). A comparative study revealed that the superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposite exhibited superior performance in IC dye adsorption. Higher IC removal efficiencies were observed at lower amounts of cross‐linker, pH, and adsorbent dosage. The superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposite demonstrated superior IC dye adsorption compared with the chitosan hydrogel. The adsorption process followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption onto the superparamagnetic hydrogel nanocomposite was endothermic and spontaneous, making it a promising material for environmental applications.
Carbon‐trade nexus: The embodied carbon emission transfer network of China's sustainable development demonstration belt
Authors: Tan Feifei , Xu Fuxing , Bao Shouzhen , Niu Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUncovering energy‐related carbon emission transfer networks and assessing its structure and efficiency can help reshape the regional carbon‐trade nexus. Combining the social network analysis and interregional input–output model, our study estimates the carbon trade patterns from various perspectives and explores the topological characteristics of energy‐related carbon emission transfer networks within China's green development demonstration belt. Furthermore, carbon pressure index is used to identify key area for the regional carbon reduction. Results indicate that the three reaches are in descending order of embodied carbon emissions whether from the production or consumption perspectives when most of provinces are in the status of “carbon overload.” Furthermore, the total embodied carbon transfers with the large amounts occur at the provinces that are adjacent to each other. In terms of degree centrality, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Zhejiang dominate the carbon emission transfer network within the region, whereas Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang serve as the main intermediaries and bridges. As a result, the findings should provide policymakers with new insights into how to formulate more targeted strategies for carbon management in different provinces and sectors.
Exploring the Growth Dynamics of Size‐Selected Carbon Atomic Wires with In Situ UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Marabotti Pietro , Peggiani Sonia , Melesi Simone , Rossi Barbara , Gessini Alessandro , Bassi Andrea Li , Russo Valeria , Casari Carlo Spartaco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShort carbon atomic wires, the prototypes of the lacking carbon allotrope carbyne, represent the fundamental 1D system and the first stage in carbon nanostructure growth, which still exhibits many open points regarding their growth and stability. An in situ UV resonance Raman approach is introduced for real‐time monitoring of the growth of carbon atomic wires during pulsed laser ablation in liquid without perturbing the synthesis environment. Single‐chain species’ growth dynamics are tracked, achieving size selectivity by exploiting the peculiar optoelectronic properties of carbon wires and the tunability of synchrotron radiation. Diverse solvents are systematically explored, finding size‐ and solvent‐dependent production rates linked to the solvent's C/H ratio and carbonization tendency. Carbon atomic wires’ growth dynamics reveal a complex interplay between formation and degradation, leading to an equilibrium. Water, lacking in carbon atoms and reduced polyynes solubility, yields fewer wires with rapid saturation. Organic solvents exhibit enhanced productivity and near‐linear growth, attributed to additional carbon from solvent dissociation and low relative polarity. Exploring the dynamics of the saturation regime provides new insights into advancing carbon atomic wires synthesis via PLAL. Understanding carbon atomic wires’ growth dynamics can contribute to optimizing PLAL processes for nanomaterial synthesis.
Aerogels based on Bacterial Nanocellulose and their Applications
Authors: Panahi‐Sarmad Mahyar , Alikarami Niloofar , Guo Tianyu , Haji Mehri , Jiang Feng , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrobial cellulose stands out for its exceptional characteristics in the form of biofilms formed by highly interlocked fibrils, namely, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). Concurrently, bio‐based aerogels are finding uses in innovative materials owing to their lightweight, high surface area, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. In particular, bio‐based aerogels based on BNC offer significant opportunities as alternatives to synthetic or mineral counterparts. BNC aerogels are proposed for diverse applications, ranging from sensors to medical devices, as well as thermal and electroactive systems. Due to the fibrous nanostructure of BNC and the micro‐porosity of BNC aerogels, these materials enable the creation of tailored and specialized designs. Herein, a comprehensive review of BNC‐based aerogels, their attributes, hierarchical, and multiscale features are provided. Their potential across various disciplines is highlighted, emphasizing their biocompatibility and suitability for physical and chemical modification. BNC aerogels are shown as feasible options to advance material science and foster sustainable solutions through biotechnology.
Simultaneously Producing H2 and H2O2 by Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Recent Progress and Future
Authors: Cao Shuang , Sun Tong , Peng Yong , Yu Xianghui , Li Qinzhu , Meng Fan Lu , Yang Fan , Wang Han , Xie Yunhui , Hou Chun‐Chao , Xu Qiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The solar‐driven overall water splitting (2H2O→2H2 + O2) is considered as one of the most promising strategies for reducing carbon emissions and meeting energy demands. However, due to the sluggish performance and high H2 cost, there is still a big gap for the current photocatalytic systems to meet the requirements for practical sustainable H2 production. Economic feasibility can be attained through simultaneously generating products of greater value than O2, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2H2O→H2 + H2O2). Compared with overall water splitting, this approach is more kinetically feasible and generates more high‐value products of H2 and H2O2. In several years, there has been an increasing surge in exploring the possibility and substantial progress has been achieved. In this review, a concise overview of the importance and underlying principles of PIWS is first provided. Next, the reported typical photocatalysts for PIWS are discussed, including commonly used semiconductors and cocatalysts, essential design features of these photocatalysts, and connections between their structures and activities, as well as the selected approaches for enhancing their stability. Then, the techniques used to quantify H2O2 and the operando characterization techniques that can be employed to gain a thorough understanding of the reaction mechanisms are summarized. Finally, the current existing challenges and the direction needing improvement are presented. This review aims to provide a thorough summary of the most recent research developments in PIWS and sets the stage for future advancements and discoveries in this emerging area.
Plant‐Derived Chinese Herbal Hydrogel Microneedle Patches for Wound Healing
Authors: Luan Qichen , Qiao Ruochen , Wu Xiangyi , Shan Jingyang , Song Chuanhui , Zhao Xiaozhi , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeveral natural Chinese herbal medicines have demonstrated considerable potential in facilitating wound healing, while the primary concern remains centered around optimizing formulation and structure to maximize their efficacy. To address this, a natural microneedles drug delivery system is proposed that harnesses gelatinized starch and key Chinese herbal ingredients—aloe vera and berberine. After gelatinized and aged in a well‐designed mold, the starch‐based microneedles are fabricated with suitable mechanical strength to load components. The resulting Chinese herbal hydrogel microneedles, enriched with integrated berberine and aloe, exhibit antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and fibroblast growth‐promoting properties, thereby facilitating wound healing in the whole process. In vivo experimental results underscore the notable achievements of the microneedles in early‐stage antibacterial effects and subsequent tissue reconstruction, contributing significantly to the overall wound healing process. These results emphasize the advantageous combination of traditional Chinese medicine with microneedles, presenting a novel strategy for wound repair and opening new avenues for the application of traditional Chinese medicine.
Modulating the Moderate d‐Band Center of Indium in InVO4 Nanobelts by Synergizing MnOx and Oxygen Vacancies for High‐Efficiency CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Huanhuan , Li Tianqi , Chen Fang , Wang Wentao , Ning Jiqiang , Hu Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModulating the electronic properties of transition metal sites in photocatalysts at the atomic level is essential for achieving high‐activity carbon dioxide photoreduction (CO2PR). An electronic strategy is herein proposed to engineer In‐d‐band center of InVO4 by incorporating MnOx nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies (VO) into holey InVO4 nanobelts (MnOx/VO‐InVO4), which synergistically modulates the In‐d‐band center to a moderate level and consequently leads to high‐efficiency CO2PR. The MnOx/VO‐InVO4 catalyst with optimized electronic property exhibits a single carbon evolution rate of up to 145.3 µmol g−1 h−1 and a carbon monoxide (CO) product selectivity of 92.6%, coming out in front of reported InVO4‐based materials. It is discovered that the modulated electronic property favors the interaction between the In sites and their intermediates, which thereby improves the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO2PR‐to‐CO reaction. This work not only demonstrates the effective engineering of the d orbital of the low‐coordination In atoms to promote CO2PR, but also paves the way for the application of tuning d‐band center to develop high‐efficiency catalysts.
Ultra‐Thin RuIr Alloy as Durable Electrocatalyst for Seawater Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yu Yanhui , Xu Haozhe , Xiong Xiaoqian , Chen Xuanwa , Xiao Yutong , Wang Huan , Wu Daoxiong , Hua Yingjie , Tian Xinlong , Li Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient, high‐performance catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a significant challenge, especially in seawater media. Here, RuIr alloy catalysts are prepared by the polyol reduction method. Compared with single‐metal catalysts, the RuIr alloy catalysts exhibited higher activity and stability in seawater electrolysis due to their greater number of reactive sites and solubility resistance. The RuIr alloy has an overpotential of 75 mV@10 mA cm−2, which is similar to that of Pt/C (73 mV), and can operate stably for 100 hours in alkaline seawater. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that hydrogen atoms adsorbed at the top sites of Ru and Ir atoms are more favorable for HER and are most likely to be the reactive sites. This work provides a reference for developing highly efficient and stable catalysts for seawater electrolysis.
Conclusions: Intergovernmental Relations: Merits and Limits of the Policy-Focused Approach
Authors: Wayenberg Ellen , Kuhlmann Sabine , Laffin Martin , Bergström Tomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur book has taken a distinctive, policy-oriented approach to IGR in analysing both specific crisis-driven problems and new, longer-term, and emerging policy issues confronting European governments. We have explored the shifting balances of power within IGR systems focused on the challenges of vertical and horizontal coordination within cross-country, comparative perspectives. In order to position the country cases and policy issues analytically, we have developed an IGR typology (see Laffin et al., in this volume) that distinguishes between three types of policy processes (centralized, conflicted, and multi-layered). The authors were requested to apply this typology in their studies and consider crises and new policy issues which have tested the stability and functionality of IGR systems. A crisis is “commonly identified as an extraordinary situation, which results in escalated but temporal instability and uncertainty compared to the pre-existing status quo” (see Wojtowicz, in this volume; Sahin-Mencutek et al., 2022). Crises are challenging. But are they necessarily catalysts for change? Especially in the realm of historically grounded IGR? After all, changes do not occur all at once but rather in stages, or phases, according to various models and theories developed to put transitions into (a temporal) perspective. A classic and well-known example is Kurt Lewin’s change management model (1947) that divides the process of organizational change into the stages of unfreeze—change (or transition)—refreeze. A more recent example is Normalization Process Theory (NPT) in which coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring are the four phases through which innovations are embedded and integrated (May et al., 2020). Of course, these stages and phases should be seen as iterative and interconnected in practice, rather than in a linear form as they are usually presented.
Postscript
Authors: Meyer Marcy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this postscript, the author explores what it means for her to live poetically in community. She begins by describing how she felt discouraged writing this book during the pandemic. Next, she explains how she coped with the unexpected loss of her best friend by writing poetry and creating a “constellation of memories,” a 3-dimensional arboreal mobile of words and images, as part of a musical celebration of his life. She discusses how these practices helped her process the emotions of a difficult loss and brought a community of people together to celebrate the life of a loved one. By reviewing literature about poetic inquiry and identity, the author considers how the practice of poetic inquiry can be a constant source of consolation, discovery, and renewal for teacher-scholars, as well as the members of the local–global communities in which we live and write.
Vectfem: a generalized MATLAB-based vectorized algorithm for the computation of global matrix/force for finite elements of any type and approximation order in linear elasticity
Authors: Tchuigwa Baurice Sylvain Sadjiep , Krmela Jan , Pokorny Jan , Krmelová Vladimíra , Jilek Petr 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new vectorized MATLAB-based algorithm for efficient serial computation of global matrix/force arising from finite element method (FEM) for meshes of any type and approximation order in linear elasticity. Because for-loops in MATLAB are very slow, we propose a modified process that takes advantage of vectorization and sparse assembly to achieve good performance while using the same memory as the standard algorithm. For this purpose, by using good programming practices, the implementation of this scheme is succinctly described and can be integrated into any MATLAB package dealing with FEM. Specifically, attention is paid to the calculation of the triplet (row index, column index, matrix components) as well as the assembly of the global stiffness matrix, mass matrix and force vector. Additionally, an extension of the proposed approach for Mindlin plate theory and functionally graded materials is outlined. Finally, the accuracy of this strategy is verified on selected numerical tests after comparing the obtained results with those of ABAQUS. In terms of performance, the study conducted on a set of meshes considering the standard algorithm and two other well-known MATLAB vectorized algorithms revealed that: (i) for a 2D beam problem meshed with $$P_{1}$$

P
1

-triangle elements, a speedup of about 8 and 15 is achieved with and , respectively. (ii) for a 3D plate problem meshed with $$P_{1}$$

P
1

-tetrahedral elements, a speedup of about 4 and 8 is achieved with and , respectively. When compared to ABAQUS performance, the proposed scheme results in a computational time that is about five times smaller.
Development of an in vitro model of the neurovascular unit for BBB permeability-linked neuroactivity screening
Authors: Lubin Kelsey E. , Xu Zhuangyan , Sluka James P. , Knipp Gregory T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany potential neurotherapeutic agents fail in the later stages during development due to insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability or neurotoxic effects. To address this, we developed an in vitro model incorporating the neurovascular unit (NVU) — astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, and brain microvessel endothelial cells — designed to simulate the in vivo BBB and improve early drug screening. This model uses a direct contact triculture system enhanced by integrating SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells, enabling the study of permeability-linked neuronal responses. Our results show that this expanded NVU model, employing a Transwell® system, enhances the BBB’s restrictive properties and neuronal viability, potentially due to improved cell-cell signaling. Additionally, the model demonstrated increased efflux transporter expression, providing a more physiologically relevant assessment of neuroactivity in relation to BBB permeability. This innovative NVU model offers a predictive and robust tool for evaluating neurotherapeutic agents, facilitating the prioritization of candidates in large compound libraries and potentially reducing attrition rates in drug development. It represents a significant advancement in the methodology for early-stage neurotherapeutic screening, aligning in vitro findings more closely with in vivo responses.