bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly discovered diamictite and cap carbonate couplet in the southern Alxa Block, northwestern China: Implications for stratigraphic correlation and Marinoan glaciation
Authors: Shao Dong , Han Yigui , Li Meng , Lu Lihui , Ju Pengcheng , Cao Xuyang , Hu Haiyan , He Jiajun , Zhao Guochun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neoproterozoic glaciogenic diamictite and cap carbonate couplets have played a pivotal role in understanding glacial-interglacial cycles and establishing regional stratigraphic correlation. The Alxa Block in northwestern China preserves a sequence of Neoproterozoic diamictites along its southern margin, but the age and origin of the succession remain debatable due to the lack of discovery of cap carbonate. We report newly discovered cap carbonates that overlie the diamictites of the Shaohuotonggou Formation in the Longshoushan region in the southern Alxa Block. Based on detailed geological investigations, we identified massive diamictites, stratified diamictites, and cap carbonates in the lower part of the formation. The presence of ice-rafted dropstones, bullet-shaped and facetted clasts, glacial striations, and relatively low chemical index of alteration values of sedimentary matrix support a glaciogenic origin of the diamictites. The 2- to 2.6-m-thick cap carbonates are mainly composed of thinly laminated microcrystalline dolomites and show sheet cracks, cemented breccias, and tepee-like structures at the basal part of the unit. These features and their consistently negative δ13C values (−5.2‰ to −2.2‰) are characteristic of Marinoan-age cap carbonates (ca. 635 Ma). The quasi-continuous deposition of the massive diamictites, stratified diamictites, and cap carbonates suggests that the formation of this couplet was closely related to the Marinoan glaciation and subsequent deglaciation. We propose a three-stage depositional model for the glaciogenic succession and recommend that the diamictite and cap carbonate couplet in the Alxa Block provides a credible mark of the Cryogenian–Ediacaran boundary for further stratigraphic correlation and investigation.
Lawsonite eclogite records subduction rheology and slab detachment, Faro, Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Faber Carly , Rowe Christie D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lawsonite eclogites represent cold subduction in the rock record, and new localities provide rare natural field laboratories to investigate deep deformation processes. We present a new lawsonite eclogite locality near Faro, Yukon Territory, Canada, the first reported lawsonite eclogite locality of the Yukon-Tanana Terrane. The discovery indicates that mid- to Late Permian subduction in the Yukon-Tanana Terrane subducted cold material in an oceanic subduction zone, in contrast to most previous models. We define a pressure-temperature-deformation (P-T-d) pathway for the lawsonite eclogites using a combination of microstructures, mineral compositional mapping, crystal orientation mapping, and phase equilibrium modeling. Metamorphism in the Faro eclogites followed a clockwise pathway through the lawsonite eclogite facies, reaching peak pressures of 22–24 MPa at 525–550 °C. Rocks then exhumed to 14.5–16 MPa during heating to 630–655 °C. Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) in omphacite developed dominantly by dissolution-precipitation creep and oriented grain growth concurrently with CPOs developed in glaucophane by a combination of dislocation- and dissolution-precipitation creep with oriented grain growth. We link this fabric and CPO development in omphacite and amphibole to lawsonite dehydration, slab decoupling, and initiation of exhumation of the eclogites, providing evidence that lawsonite dehydration plays a significant role in changes in subduction zone rheology.
Post-glacial stratigraphy and late Holocene record of great Cascadia earthquakes in Ozette Lake, Washington, USA
Authors: Brothers Daniel S. , Sherrod Brian L. , Singleton Drake M. , Padgett Jason S. , Hill Jenna C. , Ritchie Andrew C. , Kluesner Jared W. , Dartnell Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ozette Lake is an ~100-m-deep coastal lake located along the outer coast of the Olympic Peninsula (Washington, USA); it is situated above the locked portion of the northern Cascadia megathrust but also relatively isolated from active crustal faults and intraslab earthquakes. Here we present a suite of geophysical and geological evidence for earthquake-triggered mass transport deposits (MTDs) and related turbidite deposition in Ozette Lake since ca. 14 ka. Comprehensive high-resolution bathymetry data, seismic reflection profiles, and sediment cores are used to characterize the post-glacial stratigraphic framework and examine paleoseismic evidence in the lacustrine sediments. Stacked sequences of MTDs along the steep eastern flanks of the lake appear to grade basin-ward from thick, chaotic, blocky masses to thin, parallel-bedded turbidite beds. The discrete turbidite event layers are separated by fine-grained (silt and clay) lake sedimentation. The event layers are observed throughout the lake, but the physical characteristics of the deposits vary considerably depending on proximity to primary depocenters, steep slopes, and subaqueous deltas. A total of 30–34 event deposits are observed in the post-glacial record. Radiometric dating was used to reconstruct a detailed sedimentation history over the last ~5.5 k.y., develop an age model, and estimate the recurrence (365–405 yr) for the most recent 12 event layers. Based on sedimentological characteristics, temporal overlap with other regional paleoseismic chronologies, and recurrence estimates, at least 10 of the dated event layers appear to be sourced from slope failures triggered by intense shaking during megathrust ruptures; the recurrence interval for these 10 events is 440–560 yr. Thus, Ozette Lake contains one of the longest and most robust geological records of repeated shaking along the northern Cascadia subduction zone.
Acupuncture for obesity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Wang Yang , Li Xiaoyi , Wu Nianwei , Zhang Shanshan , Wu Shiyi , Hu Peiqun , Chen Ximei , Zhou Lei , Wei Aiming , Pan Chongsheng , Liu Yunlu , He Benxiang , Hu Yushi , Zhu Tianmin , Pan Xiong-Fei 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundObesity is a major public health issue in China and around the world. While acupuncture is often used in clinical practice, there is a lack of conclusive evidence for its weight-loss effect. Thus we will conduct a parallel, randomised, sham-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for treating obesity.Methods and analysisA total of 160 eligible participants with obesity will be randomly assigned to the verum acupuncture group or sham acupuncture group at a ratio of 1:1. All participants will be treated three times a week for a duration of 12 weeks, and followed up for another 16 weeks. The primary outcome is the percentage change in body weight from baseline to Week 12. The secondary outcomes include body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF%), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, blood lipids, and physical functioning score on the Short Form 36 Health Survey. Other secondary outcomes including psychological and social functions will also be evaluated using thebody image scale, psychological function scale, and social function scale of the BODY-Q,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,PatientHealth Questionnaire-9, and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. BMI, WC, BF% and blood pressure will be evaluated atWeek0, 4, 8, 12 and 28. Other secondary outcomes will be measured atWeek0, 12 and 28, respectively. Adverse events will be recorded in detail during the trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval of this trial was granted by the Ethics Committee of Chengdu Sport University (2023–102). Written informed consent will be obtained from study participants before enrolment. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200062092).
Population-based study of factors associated with severe paediatric drowning events in Maryland
Authors: Macmillan Katherine , Hoops Katherine , Kudchadkar Sapna , Gielen Andrea C , McDonald Eileen M , Prichett Laura , Nasr Isam , Ryan Leticia Manning 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Paediatric drowning is an injury associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Objective
The objective is to describe drowning trends, including associations with inpatient hospitalisation or fatality, in a state-wide paediatric cohort to inform prevention strategies.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study using the Health Services Cost Review Commission database, we used International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes to identify patients aged 0–19 years with an outpatient (including emergency department) or inpatient medical encounter following a non-fatal or fatal drowning event between 2016 and 2019. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to summarise the data and evaluate associations with inpatient hospitalisation or fatality.

Results
There were 541 medical encounters for drowning events, including 483 non-fatal outpatient encounters, 42 non-fatal inpatient encounters and 16 fatal cases. Overall, most patients were boys, 0–4 years, white and lived in urban settings. White children accounted for 66% of encounters among those aged 0–4 years, whereas non-white children accounted for 62% of visits among those aged 10–19 years. Non-white children were more likely than white children to experience a fatal drowning (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.2 to 11.5). Adolescents were more likely than younger children to be hospitalised (OR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.6 to 6.5) and had higher charges in outpatient (p=0.002) and inpatient settings (p=0.003).

Discussion
Our study revealed high fatality rates among non-white children and high admission rates among adolescents.
What can healthcare organisations do to improve medical engagement? A systematic review
Authors: Perry Jen 
Published: August 2024

Background
Medical engagement is linked to improved outcomes for staff and patients including a reduction in staff turnover. There are significant problems with recruitment and retention of doctors globally, it is, therefore, important to try to increase medical engagement within healthcare organisations. This systematic review aimed to review evidence from 2018 to 2023 from peer-reviewed journals on interventions to improve medical engagement and from this generate practical recommendations for healthcare organisations.

Method
A search strategy was developed and used across six databases alongside citation searching. Articles were screened to check whether they met the study criteria and were then critically appraised. The interventions were extracted and a thematic analysis, using an inductive approach, was undertaken.

Results
15 articles were found to have met the criteria, however, the studies were generally found to be of low-quality research evidence. The interventions from the articles were grouped into nine themes covering topics such as ‘Improvements to working conditions’, ‘Increasing support to doctors’ and ‘Rewards/incentives/recognition’.

Conclusion
The review generated a wide range of interventions which could be used to improve medical engagement, however, critical appraisal revealed that they were of low-quality evidence, so their effectiveness should be interpreted with some caution. The majority of the interventions were transferable to healthcare settings, with some limitations depending on the country. Several HR models were described as options for implementing these interventions within healthcare organisations. Further high-quality research is needed in this area.
Tobacco retailer density and its association with birth outcomes in the USA: 2000–2016
Authors: Baggett Chris D , Richardson David B , Kuo Tzy-Mey , Rudolph Jacqueline E , Kong Amanda Y , Ribisl Kurt M , Golden Shelley D 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Significant progress has been made in reducing maternal exposure to tobacco smoke and subsequent adverse birth outcomes, however, reductions may require strategies that reduce the availability of tobacco retailers. In this study, we investigated the relationship between tobacco retailer density and birth outcomes across the USA and predicted the potential impact of a tobacco retailer density cap on these outcomes.

Methods
Annual US county (n=3105), rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age, all-cause infant mortality and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were calculated using National Vital Statistics System data. Tobacco retailers were identified from the National Establishment Time-Series Database. We used Poisson regression to estimate the effect of capping retailer density at 1.4 retailers per 1000 population, controlling for county demographics and air pollution, using propensity score weighting.

Results
Tobacco retailer density was positively associated with most adverse birth outcomes. We estimate that a nationwide cap on tobacco retailer density, implemented in 2016, would have resulted in a reduction of 4275 (95% CI 2210 to 6392) preterm births, 6096 (95% CI 4421 to 7806) small-for-gestational-age births, 3483 (95% CI 2615 to 4378) low birthweight births, 538 (95% CI 345 to 733) all-cause infant deaths and 107 (95% CI 55 to 158) SIDS deaths in that year.

Conclusion
Higher rates of adverse birth outcomes were seen in counties with high tobacco retailer density compared with those with low density. These results provide further support for regulating tobacco retail density to reduce adverse health outcomes associated with tobacco use.
Search for a leptophobic doubly charged Higgs in same-sign four-lepton and six-lepton signatures in a left-right symmetric model
Authors: Ghosh Tathagata , Rahaman Rafiqul , Rai Santosh Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate the possibility of multi-lepton (four and six) signatures, including an exotic signature of same-sign four-lepton (SS4L) as signals of pair production of a doubly charged Higgs in the minimal left-right symmetric model, extended with two doublet scalars. The right-handed neutrino masses are generated in this model through a dimension-5 lepton-number violating operator allowing the triplet scalar interactions with leptons to become negligibly small. This leads to interesting six-lepton and SS4L signatures that can be observed at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) with almost no background for doubly charged Higgs with mass below 500 GeV.
Targeting Galectin-1 Overcomes Paclitaxel Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Liting , Tian Jie , Wang Keke , Ma Yijie , Chen Xiaojie , Luo Hui , Lu Bingbing , Wang Nan , Wang Penglei , Liu Xuejiao , Zhao Ran , Zhao Simin , Wang Jiutao , Nie Wenna , Ge Hong , Liu Wenting , Gu Tingxuan , Liu Kangdong , Lee Mee-Hyun , Li Xiang , Dong Zigang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Resistance to paclitaxel poses a major obstacle in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying paclitaxel resistance could help identify prognostic biomarkers and improved therapeutic strategies. In this study, we established a patient-derived xenograft model of acquired paclitaxel resistance and used RNA sequencing to identify galectin-1, encoded by LGALS1, as a key mediator of resistance. Integrative analysis of clinical data and physiological studies indicated that serum galectin-1 levels were elevated in resistant patients and correlated with treatment outcomes before and during taxane therapy. Importantly, exposing cells to serum from resistant patients resulted in increased paclitaxel resistance compared to serum from sensitive patients, which was closely associated with galectin-1 concentrations in the serum. The specific clearance of galectin-1 from resistant patient serum significantly restored paclitaxel sensitivity, and inhibiting galectin-1, through knockdown or the pharmacologic inhibitor OTX008, increased sensitivity to paclitaxel. Galectin-1 inhibition reduced the activity of β-catenin, thereby inhibiting stem cell properties induced by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, galectin-1 regulated MDR1 transcription through increased nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, thus increasing resistance to paclitaxel. Combining OTX008 with clinical taxane formulations effectively reversed paclitaxel resistance in vitro and in vivo. Elevated galectin-1 levels thus serve as an indicator of response to paclitaxel therapy in ESCC, offering a therapeutic intervention strategy to overcome drug resistance.
Significance: Galectin-1 is a key mediator of paclitaxel resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma that can be targeted to improve taxane efficacy, suggesting broad therapeutic potential for treating various cancer types.
Population-Based Estimates of the Prevalence of Children With Congenital Heart Disease and Associated Comorbidities in the United States
Authors: Parker Devin M. , Stabler Meagan E. , MacKenzie Todd A. , Zimmerman Meghan S. , Shi Xun , Everett Allen D. , Bucholz Emily M. , Brown Jeremiah R. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth defects and previous estimates report the disease affects 1% of births annually in the United States. To date, CHD prevalence estimates are inconsistent due to varied definitions, data reliant on birth registries, and are geographically limited. These data sources may not be representative of the total prevalence of the CHD population. It is therefore important to derive high-quality, population-based estimates of the prevalence of CHD to help care for this vulnerable population.

METHODS:

We performed a descriptive, retrospective 8-year analysis using all-payer claims data from Colorado from 2012 to 2019. Children with CHD were identified by applying
International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision (ICD-9
) and
International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision
(
ICD-10
) diagnosis codes from the American Heart Association–American College of Cardiology harmonized cardiac codes. We included children with CHD <18 years of age who resided in Colorado, had a documented zip code, and had at least 1 health care claim. CHD type was categorized as simple, moderate, and severe disease. Association with comorbid conditions and genetic diagnoses were analyzed using χ
2
test. We used direct standardization to calculate adjusted prevalence rates, controlling for age, sex, primary insurance provider, and urban-rural residence.

RESULTS:

We identified 1 566 328 children receiving care in Colorado from 2012 to 2019. Of those, 30 512 children had at least 1 CHD diagnosis, comprising 1.95% (95% CI, 1.93–1.97) of the pediatric population. Over half of the children with CHD also had at least 1 complex chronic condition. After direct standardization, the adjusted prevalence rates show a small increase in simple severity diagnoses across the study period (adjusted rate of 11.5 [2012]–14.4 [2019];
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The current study is the first population-level analysis of pediatric CHD in the United States. Using administrative claims data, our study found a higher CHD prevalence and comorbidity burden compared with previous estimates.
Higher Risk of Mental Illness in Patients With Diagnosed and Untreated Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: Findings From a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Young Goo , An Hyungmi , Kim Ga Eun , Lee Hyang Woon , Yang Na Rae 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
We aimed to investigate the association between a diagnosis of untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) and the development of mental illness.

METHODS:

This retrospective, propensity-score-matched cohort study was based on the nationwide South Korean database. The UIA diagnosis group included participants newly diagnosed with UIA between 2011 and 2019. For a well-matched control group, patients diagnosed with an acute upper respiratory infection but without UIA during the same period were selected through 1:4 matching based on propensity scores, which were calculated using age, sex, economic status, and comorbidities. The study’s outcome measure encompassed the incidence of mental illnesses over a 10-year period, using
International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision
codes for anxiety, stress, depressive, bipolar, and eating disorders, insomnia, and alcohol or drug misuse.

RESULTS:
After propensity score matching, 85 438 participants with untreated UIAs (50.75% male; average age, 56.41 [±13.82] years; follow-up, 4.21 [±2.56] years) and 331 123 controls (49.44% males; average age, 56.69 [±12.92] years; follow-up, 7.48 [±2.12] years) were compared. Incidence rate of mental illness was higher in the UIA group (113.07 versus 90.41 per 1000 person-years; hazard ratio, 1.104 [95% CI, 1.089–1.119]). The risk of mental illness varied slightly by sex (males: hazard ratio, 1.131 [95% CI, 1.108–1.155]; females: hazard ratio, 1.082 [95% CI, 1.063–1.103]). Hazard ratios showed a U-shaped relationship with age, peaking in younger age groups, decreasing in middle-aged groups, and slightly increasing in older age groups, especially in patients with severe mental illness receiving psychotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings indicate a higher risk of mental illness in patients with UIA diagnosis in specific demographic groups, suggesting a possible psychological burden associated with UIAs. Clinicians treating cerebral aneurysms should be aware that the psychological burden caused by the diagnosis of UIA itself could contribute to mental illness and strive to provide comprehensive care for these patients.
Universal Basic Income: Inspecting the Mechanisms
Authors: Jaimovich Nir , Saporta-Eksten Itay , Setty Ofer , Yedid-Levi Yaniv 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We examine the mechanisms driving the aggregate and distributional impacts of Universal Basic Income (UBI) through model analysis of various UBI programs and financing schemes. The main adverse effect is the distortionary tax increase to fund UBI, reducing labor force participation. Secondary channels are a decline in demand for self-insurance, depressing aggregate capital, and a positive income effect that further deters labor force participation. Due to these channels, introducing UBI alongside existing social programs reduces output and average welfare. Partially substituting existing programs with UBI mitigates the adverse effects, increases average welfare, but does not deliver a Pareto improvement.
Do Tax Deferred Accounts Improve Lifecycle Savings? Experimental Evidence
Authors: Duffy John , Li Yue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In an individual decision-making experiment, we investigate the impact of Tax Deferred Accounts (TDAs). We design six treatments to study various channels through which TDAs may affect decisions. Across both student and Mturk samples, we consistently find that TDAs significantly increase retirement wealth compared to environments with only one non-tax advantaged, liquid saving account. This increase is primarily explained by the requirement of making retirement savings decisions precede consumption decisions. Educating participants by providing a tax calculator has minimal effects. Our results highlight the effectiveness of TDAs in enhancing retirement preparedness and the significance of the order of consumption/savings decisions.