bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft sensor solutions for control of oil sands processes
Authors: Khatibisepehr Shima , Huang Biao , Domlan Elom , Naghoosi Elham , Zhao Yu , Miao Yu , Shao Xinguang , Khare Swanand , Keshavarz Marziyeh , Feng Enbo , Xu Fangwei , Espejo Aris , Kadali Ramesh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOil sands development is both a costly and technically complex business with potential concerns in land use, water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is of practical interest to further investigate novel techniques to improve profitability while diligently maintaining environmental compliance. Our approach for finding solutions to achieve this objective is to develop innovative strategies for advanced monitoring, optimisation and control of plant operations. Development of reliable process models is a key requirement for investigating the behaviour of complex systems. Such descriptive models can help to improve analysis, simulation, optimisation, design, control and operation of process systems at both micro and macro levels. This paper presents a summary of some of the successful applications focussed on development and implementation of inferential process models, also known as soft sensors for oil sands processes.
Long‐term outcome of centrally located low‐grade glioma in children
Authors: Terashima Keita , Chow Kevin , Jones Jeremy , Ahern Charlotte , Jo Eunji , Ellezam Benjamin , Paulino Arnold C. , Okcu M. Fatih , Su Jack , Adesina Adekunle , Mahajan Anita , Dauser Robert , Whitehead William , Lau Ching , Chintagumpala Murali 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDOptimal management of children with centrally located low‐grade glioma (LGG) is unclear. Initial interventions in most children are chemotherapy in younger and radiation therapy (RT) in older children. A better understanding of the inherent risk factors along with the effects of interventions on long‐term outcome can lead to reassessment of the current approaches to minimize long‐term morbidity.METHODSTo reassess the current treatment strategies of centrally located LGG, we compared the long‐term survival and morbidity of different treatment regimens. Medical records of patients primarily treated at Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers between 1987 and 2008 were reviewed.RESULTSForty‐seven patients with a median follow‐up of 79 months were included in the analysis. The 5‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival (PFS) for all patients were 96% and 53%, respectively. The 5‐year PFS for those treated initially with RT (12 patients; median age, 11 years [range, 3‐15 years]) and with chemotherapy (28 patients; median age, 2 years [range 0‐8 years]) were 76% and 37%, respectively (log‐rank test P = .02). Among children who progressed after chemotherapy, the 5‐year PFS after salvage RT was 55%. Patients diagnosed at a younger age (<5 years) were more likely to experience endocrine abnormalities (Fisher exact test; P<.00001).CONCLUSIONSEffective and durable tumor control was obtained with RT as initial treatment. In younger patients, chemotherapy can delay the use of RT; however, frequent progression and long‐term morbidity are common. More effective and less toxic therapies are required in these patients, the majority of whom are long‐term survivors. Cancer 2013;119:2630‐2638. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Survival of pediatric patients after relapsed osteosarcoma: The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience
Authors: Leary Sarah E. S. , Wozniak Amy W. , Billups Catherine A. , Wu Jianrong , McPherson Valerie , Neel Michael D. , Rao Bhaskar N. , Daw Najat C. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDChemotherapy has improved the outcome of patients with newly diagnosed osteosarcoma, but its role in relapsed disease is unclear.METHODSWe reviewed the records of all patients who were treated for relapsed high‐grade osteosarcoma at our institution between 1970 and 2004. Postrelapse event‐free survival (PREFS) and postrelapse survival (PRS) were estimated, and outcome comparisons were made using an exact log‐rank test.RESULTSThe 10‐year PREFS and PRS of the 110 patients were 11.8% ± 3.5% and 17.0% ± 4.3%, respectively. Metastasis at initial diagnosis (14%), and relapse in lung only (75%) were not significantly associated with PREFS or PRS. Time from initial diagnosis to first relapse (RL1) ≥18 months (43%), surgery at RL1 (76%), and ability to achieve second complete remission (CR2, 56%) were favorably associated with PREFS and PRS (P  ≤  0.0002). In patients without CR2, chemotherapy at RL1 was favorably associated with PREFS (P = 0.01) but not with PRS. In patients with lung relapse only, unilateral relapse and number of nodules ( ≤ 3) were associated with better PREFS and PRS (P  ≤  0.0005); no patients with bilateral relapse survived 10 years. The median PREFS after treatment with cisplatin, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and ifosfamide was 3.5 months (95% confidence interval, 2.1‐5.2), and the median PRS was 8.2 months (95% confidence interval, 5.2‐15.1).CONCLUSIONSLate relapse, surgical resection, and unilateral involvement (in lung relapse only) favorably impact outcome after relapse. Surgery is essential for survival; chemotherapy may slow disease progression in patients without CR2. These data are useful for designing clinical trials that evaluate novel agents. Cancer 2013;119:2645‐2653. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Time‐frequency analysis methods for detecting effects of diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Weiderpass H. A. , Pachi C. G. F. , Yamamoto J. F. , Hamamoto A. , Onodera A. N. , Sacco I. C. N. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThere have been several research studies on efficient methods for analysis and classification of electromyography (EMG) signals and adoption of wavelet functions, which is a promising approach for determining the spectral distribution of the signal. This study compares distinct time‐frequency analysis methods for investigating the EMG activity of the thigh and calf muscles during gait among non‐diabetic subjects and diabetic neuropathic patients. It also attempts to verify, by adaptive optimal kernel and discrete wavelet transform, whether there are EMG alterations related to diabetic neuropathy in the lower limb muscles during gait. The results show that diabetics might not keep up with the mechanical demands of walking by changing muscle fibre recruitment strategies, as seen in the control group. Moreover, principal components analysis indicates more alterations in diabetic motor strategies, and we identify that diabetic subjects need other strategies with different muscle energy production and frequencies to carry out their daily activities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bubbling Solutions for the SU(3) Chern‐Simons Model on a Torus
Authors: Lin Chang‐Shou , Yan Shusen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe consider the following nonlinear system derived from the SU(3) Chern‐Simons models on a torus Ω:

where $\delta_p$
denotes the Dirac measure at $p\in\Omega$. When $\{p_j^1\}_1^{N_1}= \{p_j^2\}_1^{N_2}$, if we look for a solution with $u_1=u_2=u$, then (0.1) is reduced to the Chern‐Simons‐Higgs equation:

The existence of bubbling solutions to (0.1) has been a longstanding problem. In this paper, we prove the existence of such solutions such that $u_1\ne u_2$
even if $\{p_j^1\}_1^{N_1}=\{p_j^2\}_1^{N_2}$. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mesostructured Dihydroxy‐Functionalized Guanidinium‐Based Polyoxometalate with Enhanced Heterogeneous Catalytic Activity in Epoxidation
Authors: Chen Guojian , Zhou Yu , Zhao Pingping , Long Zhouyang , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA mesostructured ionic liquid–polyoxometalate (IL‐POM) hybrid has been prepared through designing a new dihydroxy‐tethered guanidinium‐based IL, N′′‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylguanidinium chloride, to interact with Keggin‐type POM phosphotungstic acid (H3PW) in a self‐assembly process. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed its special coral‐shaped micromorphology. Nitrogen sorption analysis indicated the formation of a porous structure with a moderate surface area of about 30 m2 g−1 and narrowly distributed pore size located in the mesoscale. Assessed in the cis‐cyclooctene epoxidation with H2O2, the mesostructured hybrid exhibited superior heterogeneous catalytic activity and steady reusability, and the conversion was more than four times that of homogeneous H3PW itself, and more than 14 times that of the nonporous analogues. On the basis of the experimental results, a unique “substrate–solvent–catalyst” synergistic mechanism is proposed and discussed for understanding the dramatically enhanced catalytic performance.
Mesoporous Nano‐Si Anode for Li‐ion Batteries Produced by Magnesio‐Mechanochemical Reduction of Amorphous SiO2
Authors: Hwa Yoon , Kim Won‐Sik , Yu Byeong‐Chul , Hong Seong‐Hyeon , Sohn Hun‐Joon 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of nano‐sized Si with various microstructures has been studied intensively to produce anode materials for Li‐rechargeable batteries. Methods such as chemical/physical vapor deposition (CVD/PVD) and wet‐chemical processes are currently used to produce nano‐sized Si; however, the complicated synthesis procedures and low production yields are critical problems that hinder commercialization. We present a method for producing large quantities of mesoporous nano‐sized Si through the reduction of amorphous SiO2 with Mg metal, by using a high‐energy mechanical milling process (i.e., magnesio‐mechanochemical processing) for 1 h. A mesoporous nano‐sized Si electrode shows excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for Li‐ion batteries, achieving a capacity greater than 1600 mAh g−1 over 30 cycles.
Influence of treatments in the quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets
Authors: Fonseca Gustavo Graciano , Cavenaghi‐Altemio Angela Dulce , de Fátima Silva Mariangela , Arcanjo Verônica , Sanjinez‐Argandoña Eliana Janet 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this study, the influence of different treatments was evaluated: nonwashing, washing in chlorinated water and washing/soaking in chlorinated water and sodium chloride on the quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during storage at 1.0 ± 0.5°C through daily analysis of pH, moisture, and lipids content. Microbiological analysis and growth modeling for mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and Staphylococcus sp. were also carried out. Finally, we confirmed the microbiological safety through sensory analyses. The main results suggest that fillets washed or soaked in chlorinated water and sodium chloride present clear and narrower blood line coloration; that is, they are less oxidized than those that received other treatments and are microbiologically safe for use within 12 days of storage. It was concluded that the treatments in chlorinated and salinized water favored the quality maintenance of fillets.
OPTIMAL DEVELOPMENT OF GROUNDWATER IN A WELL COMMAND OF EASTERN INDIA USING INTEGRATED SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION MODELLING
Authors: Mohanty S. , Jha Madan K. , Kumar Ashwani , Brahmanand P. S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTQuantitative techniques such as simulation modelling and optimization play a vital role in the management of complex groundwater systems. This study demonstrates the combined use of groundwater‐flow and resource optimization models to scientifically address the water scarcity problem in well‐based command areas through a case study in eastern India. A transient simulation‐optimization model was developed for the study area using Visual MODFLOW (groundwater‐flow simulation tool) and the response‐matrix technique to maximize pumping from the existing tubewells. The optimized maximum pumping rates obtained from the integrated simulation‐optimization model were further used in linear programming‐based optimization models to determine optimal cropping patterns for the wet, normal and dry scenarios. The net annual income from the optimal cropping patterns for the wet, normal and dry scenarios were estimated at Rs. 81.8 million, Rs. 76.4 million and Rs. 71.6 million, respectively. The results of simulation‐optimization modelling indicated that if the suggested optimal cropping patterns are adopted in the study area, the net annual irrigation water requirements will be reduced by 28, 35 and 40%, and net annual income will be increased by 28, 23 and 17% during wet, normal and dry scenarios, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A TIP OF THE ICEBERG? THE PROBABILITY OF CATCHING CARTELS
Authors: Ormosi Peter L. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYReliable estimates of crime detection probabilities could help in designing better sanctions and improve our understanding of the efficiency of law enforcement. For cartels, we only have limited knowledge on the rate at which these illegal practices are discovered. In comparison to previous works, this paper offers a more parsimonious and simple‐to‐use method to estimate time‐dependent cartel discovery rates, while allowing for heterogeneity across firms. It draws on capture–recapture methods that are frequently used in ecology to make inferences on various wildlife population characteristics. An application of this method provides evidence that less than a fifth of cartelising firms are discovered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uranium dynamics and developmental sensitivity in rat kidney
Authors: Homma‐Takeda Shino , Kokubo Toshiaki , Terada Yasuko , Suzuki Kyoko , Ueno Shunji , Hayao Tatsuo , Inoue Tatsuya , Kitahara Keisuke , Blyth Benjamin J. , Nishimura Mayumi , Shimada Yoshiya 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTRenal toxicity is the principal health concern after uranium exposure. Children are particularly vulnerable to uranium exposure; with contact with depleted uranium in war zones or groundwater contamination the most likely exposure scenarios. To investigate renal sensitivity to uranium exposure during development, we examined uranium distribution and uranium‐induced apoptosis in the kidneys of neonate (7‐day‐old), prepubertal (25‐day‐old) and adult (70‐day‐old) male Wistar rats. Mean renal uranium concentrations increased with both age‐at‐exposure and exposure level after subcutaneous administration of uranium acetate (UA) (0.1–2 mg kg–1 body weight). Although less of the injected uranium was deposited in the kidneys of the two younger rat groups, the proportion of the peak uranium content remaining in the kidneys after 2 weeks declined with age‐at‐exposure, suggesting reduced clearance in younger animals. In situ high‐energy synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence analysis revealed site‐specific accumulation of uranium in the S3 segment of the proximal tubules, distributed in the inner cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla. Apoptosis and cell loss in the proximal tubules increased with age‐at‐exposure to 0.5 mg kg–1 UA. Surprisingly, prepubertal rats were uniquely sensitive to uranium‐induced lethality from the higher exposure levels. Observations of increased apoptosis in generating/re‐generating tubules particularly in prepubertal rats could help to explain their high mortality rate. Together, our findings suggest that age‐at‐exposure and exposure level are important parameters for uranium toxicity; uranium tends to persist in developing kidneys after low‐level exposures, although renal toxicity is more pronounced in adults. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preosteoblasts behavior in contact with single‐walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by radio frequency induction thermal plasma using various catalysts
Authors: Alinejad Yasaman , Faucheux Nathalie , Soucy Gervais 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe influence of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) produced by radio frequency (RF) induction thermal plasma with three catalyst mixtures (Ni‐Co‐Y2O3, Ni‐Y2O3 and Ni‐Mo‐Y2O3) was evaluated on the behavior of murine MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts. After analyzing SWCNTs properties, mitochondrial enzymatic (MTS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities as well as neutral red (NR) uptake were measured to assess the cellular viability. To ascertain that the cytotoxicity was not merely as a result of the mechanical disturbance, either SWCNTs were added on the attached cells or cells were seeded on the SWCNT‐covered plates. Regardless of the catalyst mixtures used for their production, SWCNTs added on the attached cells reduced cell viability drastically in a dose‐dependent manner. However, the viability of cells seeded on SWCNTs even on those produced with Ni‐Co‐Y2O3 was slightly decreased at 24 h and besides cells could proliferate within 48 h. Furthermore, cells were able to organize normal filamentous actin cytoskeleton and no apoptotic cells were detected in the cultures. Thus except mechanical disturbance, thermal plasma grown SWCNTs seem to induce no severe cytotoxicity on MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts and therefore are considered promising CNTs to be studied more deeply for future applications in bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of cadmium on metallothionein expression and products of lipid peroxidation in the organs of hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas)
Authors: Linšak Dijana Tomić , Linšak Željko , Špirić Zdravko , Srebočan Emil , Glad Marin , Cenov Arijana , Jakovac Hrvoje , Milin Čedomila 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCadmium occurs naturally in the environment and as an anthropogenic pollutant. Exposure to low concentrations of cadmium is inevitable and may produce toxic effects. Another important aspect of cadmium toxicity is its interaction, often antagonistic, with essential elements such as selenium. The aim of this study was to highlight the risks of long‐term exposure to low cadmium concentrations, using a scientific and chemical approach and hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas) as model organisms in a field study. Two study areas were monitored. Levels of cadmium and selenium were quantified in the organs of hares, the expression of metallothioneins I + II and the products of lipid peroxidation were determined. The median cadmium concentrations (wet weight) in the muscle, liver, kidney and brain of hares from an exposed group ranged from 0.033 to 0.037, 0.763 to 1.054, 3.090 to 16.594 and 0.016 to 0.087µg g−1, respectively; whereas, the median selenium concentrations (wet weight) ranged from 0.100 to 0.108, 0.153 to 0.332, 0.677 to 0.701 and 0.078 to 0.116µg g−1, respectively. Expression of the metallothioneins I + II proteins was observed in tissues. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalents, increased with the cadmium concentration. Further research on long‐term exposure to low concentrations of cadmium in the environment is needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure of neonatal rats to the endocrine disrupter Bisphenol A affects ontogenic expression pattern of testicular steroid receptors and their coregulators
Authors: Salian‐Mehta Smita , Doshi Tanvi , Vanage Geeta 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn light of the adverse reports of Bisphenol A (BPA) on reproduction and considering the pivotal role played by the steroid receptors (SRs) and their coregulators in male reproduction, it was of interest to decipher the influence that BPA may have on their expression pattern during critical ’windows‘ of development. Male rats were injected with 2.4 µg per pup per day of BPA from postnatal days (PND) 1–5 and controls received vehicle. During development, the testicular expression pattern of SRs (AR, ERβ and ERα), coactivators (SRC‐1, SRC‐2 and SRC‐3) and corepressors (NCoR and SMRT) in BPA‐exposed rats were compared. A significant decrease in the expression of SRs was seen in the BPA group. SRC‐1 showed a significant decrease, whereas SRC‐2 and SRC‐3 showed a significant increase in the protein expression whereas corepressor expression remained unaltered in the BPA‐exposed groups. Such impairments in the expression pattern can be a putative mechanism of adversities on fertility as a result of BPA exposure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biophysical study of novel oligoelectrolyte‐based nonviral gene delivery systems for mammalian cells
Authors: Ficen Semra Zuhal , Guler Zeliha , Mitina Nataliya , Finiuk Nataliya , Stoika Rostyslav , Zaichenko Alexander , Ceylan Sebnem Ercelen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundGene therapy is an important treatment for genetic and acquired diseases. The success of gene therapy is largely dependent on the development of suitable vectors for gene transfer. Vectors are needed to overcome cellular barriers and to achieve efficient DNA delivery with low cytotoxicity. In the present study, we synthesized and characterized a novel comb‐like oligoelectrolyte nanocarrier, BG‐2, as a nonviral gene delivery vector.MethodsA novel surface‐active oligoelectrolyte of comb‐like structure was synthesized via controlled radical copolymerization using oligoperoxide Cu+2 coordinating complex as a multisite initiator of graft copolymerization. The critical micellar concentration was determined by Nile Red fluorescence. Complex formation of DNA with BG‐2 was determined by YOYO‐1 fluorescence. The physicochemical properties of DNA in complex with BG‐2 have been investigated by electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. The BG‐2/DNA complex was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Interactions between BG‐2/DNA complex and model membranes were also studied. The sensitivity of the DNA molecule, complexed with BG‐2, against deoxyribonuclease I and serum nucleases was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. BG‐2 efficiency in the transfection of HeLa cells was determined by measuring luciferase gene expression using a luminometer and cytotoxicity was also evaluated.ResultsBG‐2 oligoelectrolyte was successful in overcoming cellular barriers as a result of forming stable and small sized complexes with DNA, interacting with model membranes in a desirable manner and protecting DNA from nuclease. The transfection efficiency was quite high and cytotoxicity was low.ConclusionsBG‐2 appears to be a promising nonviral vector with low cytotoxicity and efficient transfection properties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the numerical simulation of particle dynamics in the radiation belt: 1. Implicit and semi‐implicit schemes
Authors: Camporeale E. , Delzanno G. L. , Zaharia S. , Koller J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe particle dynamics in the Earth's radiation belt is generally modeled by means of a two‐dimensional diffusion equation for the particle distribution function in energy and pitch angle. The goal of this paper is to survey and compare different numerical schemes for the solution of the diffusion equation, and to outline the optimal strategy from a numerical point of view. We focus on the general (and more computationally challenging) case where the mixed terms in the diffusion tensor are retained. In Part 1, we compare fully implicit and semi‐implicit schemes. For the former, we have analyzed a direct solver based on a LU decomposition routine for sparse matrices, and an iterative incomplete LU preconditioned Generalized Minimal REsidual solver. For the semi‐implicit scheme, we have studied an alternating direction implicit scheme. We present a convergence study for a realistic case that shows that the time step and grid size are strongly constrained by the desired accuracy of the solution. We show that the fully implicit scheme is to be preferred in most cases as the more computationally efficient.