bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of brain anatomy in mouse model of MDD created by replacement of homologous mouse DNA sequence with an illness‐associated 6‐base humanCREB1promoter sequence
Authors: Zubenko George S. , Hughes Hugh B. , Hitchens T. Kevin , Cohen Bruce M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTWe have recently reported the creation and initial characterization of an etiology‐based recombinant mouse model of a severe and inherited form of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This was achieved by replacing the corresponding mouse DNA sequence with a 6‐base DNA sequence from the humanCREB1promoter that is associated with the development of MDD in men and women from families identified by probands with recurrent, early‐onset MDD (RE‐MDD). Individuals in these families are also at increased risk for childhood developmental disorders and late life neurodegenerative disorders. The current study used three‐dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy (3D‐MRM) to determine the effect of the resulting humanized mutation of the mouseCreb1gene on the anatomy of the mouse brain. Homozygous mutant mice manifested prominent increases in the volume and surface area of the lateral ventricles, as well as reduced volume of the anterior corpus callosum, compared to age/sex‐matched wild‐type mice. No significant genotype effects were observed on the volume or surface area of total brain, or several brain regions sometimes observed to be abnormal in human depression, including hippocampus, amygdala, or striatum. These findings suggest that at least some forms of MDD result from abnormal brain development produced by inherited genetic variants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyclotrimerization of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Phosphine‐Free Chloro(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) Dimer and Induced by Tin(II) Chloride
Authors: Masuyama Yoshiro , Miyazaki Kana , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes, such as ethyl propynoate, arylacetylenes, and alkylacetylenes, catalyzed by a phosphine‐free chloro(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) dimer ([IrCl(cod)]2) between 40 °C and 100 °C in 1,4‐dioxane is induced by a catalytic amount of tin(II) chloride to afford the corresponding 1,2,4‐trisubstituted and/or 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzenes. Terminal α,ω‐diynes, such as 1,6‐heptadiynes, N,N‐bis(2‐propynyl)‐p‐toluenesulfonamide, and bis(1‐phenyl‐2‐propynyl) ether, also undergo the cyclotrimerization with monoynes, such as ethyl propynoate, phenylacetylene, 1‐decyne, and 1,2‐diphenylacetylene, in a similar manner to produce the corresponding bicyclic benzene derivatives.
The combined production of ethanol and biogas from microalgal residuals to sustain microalgal biodiesel: A theoretical evaluation
Authors: Zhu Liandong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTo date, researchers have expressed increasing interest in the potential of using microalgae as a biofuel feedstock and technological solution for CO2 sequestration. Microalgae‐derived biodiesel production is one of the best choices for biofuels production, since microalgae have substantial amounts of lipids which can be used for biodiesel conversion. Nonetheless, after the production of algal biodiesel, large quantities of residuals or post‐extracts are left over, threatening environmental hygiene if not disposed of appropriately. In this respect, it is critical that the utilization of these remnants is taken into account in an effort to make microalgal biodiesel sustainable. This paper evaluates the theoretical biodiesel, ethanol, and methane yields and the relative calorific values in the production chain of algal biofuels. It is found that fermentation and anaerobic digestion of microalgae residuals are two steps which could assist in dealing with the problem of algal waste, as well as the economic and energetic balance of such a promising technology. It also discusses in detail the potential of the continuous conversion of algal residuals into ethanol and methane, with particular focus on the energetic interest, and nitrogen and phosphorus recycling. Key technical issues related to fermentation and anaerobic digestion are indentified, the strategies to improve their production highlighted, and the necessity of producing algal biodiesel and/or ethanol discussed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of neuromodulation in the treatment of faecal incontinence
Authors: Thin N N , Horrocks E J , Hotouras A , Palit S , Thaha M A , Chan C L H , Matzel K E , Knowles C H 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Over the past 18 years neuromodulation therapies have gained support as treatments for faecal incontinence (FI); sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is the most established of these. A systematic review was performed of current evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of neuromodulation treatments for FI.

Methods
The review adhered to the PRISMA framework. A comprehensive search of the literature included PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews. Methodological quality assessment and data extraction were completed in a systematic fashion.

Results
For SNS, 321 citations were identified initially, of which 61 studies were eligible for inclusion. Of studies on other neuromodulation techniques, 11 were eligible for review: seven on percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and four on transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS). On intention-to-treat, the median (range) success rates for SNS were 63 (33–66), 58 (52–81) and 54 (50–58) per cent in the short, medium and long terms respectively. The success rate for PTNS was 59 per cent at the longest reported follow-up of 12 months. SNS, PTNS and TTNS techniques also resulted in improvements in Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score and quality-of-life measures. Despite significant use of neuromodulation in treatment of FI, there is still no consensus on outcome reporting in terms of measures used, aetiologies assessed, length of follow-up or assessment standards.

Conclusion
Emerging data for SNS suggest maintenance of its initial therapeutic effect into the long term. The clinical effectiveness of PTNS is comparable to that of SNS at 12 months, although there is no evidence to support its continued effectiveness after this period. PTNS may be a useful treatment before SNS. The clinical effectiveness of TTNS is still uncertain owing to the paucity of available evidence. A consensus to standardize the use of outcome measures is recommended in order that further reports can be compared meaningfully.
Randomized trial of the effect of video feedback on the acquisition of surgical skills
Authors: Farquharson A L , Cresswell A C , Beard J D , Chan P 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Constructive feedback provides a mechanism for reinforcing learning during the acquisition of surgical skills. Feedback is usually given verbally, and sometimes documented, after direct observation by a trained assessor. The aim was to evaluate video recording as an effective modality for enhancing feedback, in comparison with standard verbal feedback alone.

Methods
This was a prospective, blinded, randomized clinical trial comparing standard verbal feedback plus video with standard verbal feedback alone. Validated pro formas for assessment were used and quality control was performed by independent expert assessors. Trial participants were recorded on video performing the surgical skill, and returned the next day to perform the skill again following video and standard verbal feedback (group 1) or standard verbal feedback alone (group 2).

Results
Forty-eight participants were divided equally between the two groups. There was a significant improvement in the mean overall procedure score for group 1 of 2·875 from a maximum achievable score of 20 (P = 0·003), but not for group 2. There were significant improvements in the specific domains of instrument familiarity, needle handling, skin handling and accurate apposition, again all in group 1. The only significant improvement in group 2 was in an organized approach to the task, also observed in group 1. Knot-tying security deteriorated after feedback in group 2 but not in group 1.

Conclusion
The addition of video feedback can improve the acquisition of surgical skills, and could be incorporated into formal surgical curricula.
In vitro effects of proteases in human pancreatic juice on stability of liquid and carrier-bound fibrin sealants
Authors: Adelmeijer J , Porte R J , Lisman T 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Fibrin sealants are used in pancreatic surgery to prevent leakage of pancreatic fluid and reduce associated complications. The efficacy of this approach is unclear.

Methods
Fibrin clots were generated in vitro from two commercially available liquid fibrin sealants (Tissucol Duo® and Evicel®) and the carrier-bound fibrin sealant Tachosil®, and exposed to normal saline or human pancreatic fluid. Stability of the sealants was assessed by release of the fibrin and collagen degradation products, D-dimer and hydroxyproline. The effect of protease inhibitors on sealant breakdown was assessed.

Results
Clots generated from liquid fibrin sealants degraded rapidly in pancreatic fluid, but not in normal saline. D-dimer release from fibrin clots by pancreatic fluid was approximately 1700 µg/ml after 24 h and less than 20 µg/ml by saline. Pancreatic fluid, but not normal saline, degraded both the fibrin and collagen component of Tachosil®. After 6 h, mean(s.e.m.) D-dimer levels in pancreatic fluid exposed to Tachosil® were 850(183) ng/ml, compared with 60(6) ng/ml in normal saline. The mean(s.e.m.) hydroxyproline concentration in pancreatic fluid was 497(17) µg/ml after a 24-h exposure to Tachosil®, compared with 26(12) µg/ml in normal saline. Protease inhibitors significantly inhibited breakdown of liquid sealants (D-dimer levels less than 50 µg/ml after 24 h) and Tachosil® (D-dimer release 179(12) ng/ml at 6 h; hydroxyproline release 181(29) µg/ml at 24 h).

Conclusion
Proteases in pancreatic juice effectively degrade both liquid and carrier-bound fibrin sealants in vitro. The use of these products in pancreatic surgery with the aim of preventing leakage of pancreatic fluid is not supported by this experimental study.
Hierarchical multilevel analysis of increased caseload volume and postoperative outcome after elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Burns E M , Bottle A , Almoudaris A M , Mamidanna R , Aylin P , Darzi A , Nicholls R J , Faiz O D 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The study aimed to explore the impact of surgeon and institution volume on outcome following colorectal surgery in England using multilevel hierarchical analysis.

Methods
An observational study design was used. All patients undergoing primary elective colorectal resection between 2000 and 2008 were included from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. Consultant surgeons and hospitals were divided into tertiles (low, medium and high volume) according to their mean annual colorectal cancer resection caseload. Outcome measures examined were postoperative 30-day mortality, 28-day readmission and reoperation, and length of stay. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, co-morbidity, social deprivation, year of surgery, operation type and surgical approach.

Results
A total of 109 261 elective cancer colorectal resections were included. High-volume consultant surgeons and hospitals were defined as performing more than 20·7 and 103·5 elective colorectal cancer procedures per year respectively. Consultant and hospital operative volumes increased throughout the study period. In hierarchical regression models, greater surgeon and institutional volume independently predicted only shorter length of hospital stay. No statistical association was observed between higher provider volume and postoperative mortality, 28-day reoperation or readmission rates.

Conclusion
Increasing elective colorectal cancer caseload alone may have marginal postoperative benefit.
A validated HPLC‐MS/MS method for determination of genipin‐1‐o‐glucuronic acid in rat plasma after administration of genipin and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ding Yue , Zhang Yong , Zhang Tong , Peng Ming , Tao Jian‐Sheng , Ji Guang 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for the quantitation of one major metabolite of genipin in rats plasma. The major metabolite was isolated from rat bile via semi‐preparative HPLC technology and its chemical structure was identified as genipin‐1‐o‐glucuronic acid (GNP‐GLU), which was for the first time used as a standard compound for quantitative analysis in rat plasma after administration of genipin. The application of high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode in multiple reaction monitoring mode was investigated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Eclipse XDB‐C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of water with 0.1% formic acid (A)–acetonitrile (B). The limit of detecation was 0.214 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 0.706 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear from 1.27 to 3810 ng/mL for plasma samples, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9924. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions and accuracy were all within 15%. The recoveries of GNP‐GLU and puerarin were above 90.0 and 76.2%, respectively. The highly sensitive method was successfully applied to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters of GNP‐GLU following oral and intravenous administration of genipin to rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolutionary Origins of the Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Cluster: Bicarbonate Permits Mn2+ Photo‐oxidation by Anoxygenic Bacterial Reaction Centers
Authors: Khorobrykh Andrei , Dasgupta Jyotishman , Kolling Derrick R. J. , Terentyev Vasily , Klimov Vyacheslav V. , Dismukes G. Charles 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe enzyme that catalyzes water oxidation in oxygenic photosynthesis contains an inorganic cluster (Mn4CaO5) that is universally conserved in all photosystem II (PSII) protein complexes. Its hypothesized precursor is an anoxygenic photobacterium containing a type 2 reaction center as photo‐oxidant (bRC2, iron–quinone type). Here we provide the first experimental evidence that a native bRC2 complex can catalyze the photo‐oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+, but only in the presence of bicarbonate concentrations that allows the formation of (bRC2)Mn2+(bicarbonate)1–2 complexes. Parallel‐mode EPR spectroscopy was used to characterize the photoproduct, (bRC2)Mn3+(CO32−), based on the g tensor and 55Mn hyperfine splitting. (Bi)carbonate coordination extends the lifetime of the Mn3+ photoproduct by slowing charge recombination. Prior electrochemical measurements show that carbonate complexation thermodynamically stabilizes the Mn3+ product by 0.9–1 V relative to water ligands. A model for the origin of the water oxidation catalyst is presented that proposes chemically feasible steps in the evolution of oxygenic PSIIs, and is supported by literature results on the photoassembly of contemporary PSIIs.
Development and multi‐institutional validation of an upgrading risk tool for Gleason 6 prostate cancer
Authors: Truong Matthew , Slezak Jon A. , Lin Chee Paul , Iremashvili Viacheslav , Sado Martins , Razmaria Aria A. , Leverson Glen , Soloway Mark S. , Eggener Scott E. , Abel E. Jason , Downs Tracy M. , Jarrard David F. 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUNDMany patients with low‐risk prostate cancer (PC) who are diagnosed with Gleason score 6 at biopsy are ultimately found to harbor higher grade PC (Gleason ≥ 7) at radical prostatectomy. This finding increases risk of recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality. Validated clinical tools that are available preoperatively are needed to improve the ability to recognize likelihood of upgrading in patients with low‐risk PC.METHODSMore than 30 clinicopathologic parameters were assessed in consecutive patients with Gleason 6 PC upon biopsy who underwent radical prostatectomy. A nomogram for predicting upgrading (Gleason ≥ 7) on final pathology was generated using multivariable logistic regression in a development cohort of 431 patients. External validation was performed in 2 separate cohorts consisting of 1151 patients and 392 patients. Nomogram performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration, and decision analysis.RESULTSOn multivariable analysis, variables predicting upgrading were prostate‐specific antigen density using ultrasound (odds ratio [OR] = 229, P = .003), obesity (OR = 1.90, P = .05), number of positive cores (OR = 1.23, P = .01), and maximum core involvement (OR = 0.02, P = .01). On internal validation, the bootstrap‐corrected predictive accuracy was 0.753. External validation revealed a predictive accuracy of 0.677 and 0.672. The nomogram demonstrated excellent calibration in all 3 cohorts and decision curves demonstrated high net benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities. The nomogram demonstrated areas under the curve of 0.597 to 0.672 for predicting upgrading in subsets of men with very low‐risk PC who meet active surveillance criteria (all P < .001), allowing further risk stratification of these individuals.CONCLUSIONSA nomogram was developed and externally validated that uses preoperative clinical parameters and biopsy findings to predict the risk of pathological upgrading in Gleason 6 patients. This can be used to further inform patients with lower risk PC who are considering treatment or active surveillance. Cancer 2013;119:3992–4002. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin can reduce minimal residual disease in patients with childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: O'Hear Carol , Inaba Hiroto , Pounds Stanley , Shi Lei , Dahl Gary , Bowman W. Paul , Taub Jeffrey W. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Ribeiro Raul C. , Coustan‐Smith Elaine , Campana Dario , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUNDGemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an active agent for the treatment of CD33‐postive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and may improve the outcome of specific patient subgroups when combined with conventional chemotherapy. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the effects of GO on levels of minimal residual disease (MRD) are unknown.METHODSPediatric patients with AML who received GO, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy on the AML02 multicenter trial, were analyzed to determine the effects of GO on MRD and outcome.RESULTSAmong 17 patients who received GO alone because of persistent leukemia, 14 had a reduction in their MRD level and 13 became MRD negative. Of the 29 who received chemotherapy in combination with GO after responding poorly to chemotherapy, 28 demonstrated reduced MRD and 13 became MRD negative. Treatment with GO effectively reduced MRD before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and was not found to be associated with increased treatment‐related mortality after transplantation.CONCLUSIONSGO is effective in reducing MRD levels in pediatric patients with AML and may improve the outcome of those patients at high risk of disease recurrence. Cancer 2013;119:4036–4043. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Length of Stay of Inpatients with Eating Disorders
Authors: Morris Jane , Simpson Ashley V. , Voy Steven James 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionInpatient treatment for eating disorders is a scarce, expensive resource. We aimed to examine length of stay (LOS) in specialist Scottish inpatient units and to identify relationships between LOS, outcome measures and other factors.MethodAudit of 206 admissions (89 adolescents and 117 adults) between 2009 and 2011 to all seven inpatient units in Scotland that specialize in the treatment of eating disorders. Data was collected retrospectively from electronic database and patient case files.ResultsPhysical and psychological eating disorder symptoms improved significantly during specialist inpatient admissions. Mean LOS for adolescents was 141.4 days and for adults 113.0 days. Patients gained weight during admission and increased LOS correlated with increased weight gain. Treatment under the Mental Health Act or with nasogastric feeding increased LOS in adolescents.ConclusionFuture efforts should be invested in prospective studies, including several years' post‐discharge follow‐up, to explore correlations with LOS and guide treatment decisions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Inpatient treatment in specialist eating disorder units is associated with nutritional and psychological benefits in adults and adolescents.
Treatment requiring legal detention or nasogastric feeding involves longer admission.
Further research is needed to see whether benefits are lasting.
A dynamic‐biasing 4× charge pump based on exponential topology
Authors: Wong Oi‐Ying , Wong Hei , Tam Wing‐Shan , Kok Chi‐Wah 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA 4× charge pump using exponential topology is proposed and implemented. Comparing to the conventional implementations, the proposed circuit suppresses the reverse current effectively without using different threshold‐voltage transistors and additional capacitors. Also, the body effect found in the charge transfer switches is eliminated. The proposed charge pump is analyzed with the state‐space method and fabricated using 0.35 µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. Results show that the output voltages close to the ideal one, and a maximum power efficiency of 95% was recorded. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redox Reaction between Main‐Group Elements (Te, Sn, Bi) and N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Derived Selenium Halides: A Facile Method for the Preparation of Monomeric Halides
Authors: Manjare Sudesh T. , Yadav Sangeeta , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of substituted benzimidazolin‐2‐selones (4c–4d) and ‐tellone (4i) are reported. Upon reaction with halogens (I2, Br2, and Cl2), these selones and tellone yield dihaloselones/tellone (5c–5i). The reaction of dihaloselones with elemental tellurium/tin/bismuth leads to the formation of selone‐coordinated monomeric tellurium tetrahalides, tellurium dibromide (8), tin tetrahalides, and bismuth triiodide adducts (7a–7g), respectively. The structures of the tellurium tetrahalide (7a, 7d, and 7g), tellurium dibromide (8), tin tetrahalide, and bismuth triiodide adducts have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The bismuth triiodide adduct is the first neutral tetrameric structure with selones. The bismuth adduct has been used as a single‐source precursor for the synthesis of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) nanoparticles, which were characterized by powder XRD patterns. The TEM images show the hexagonal shape of the nanoparticles.
A Method for the Rapid and Simple Measurement of the Magnitude and Relative Sign of 1H–19F Coupling Constants
Authors: Espinosa Juan F. , Broughton Howard 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA novel methodology based on a carbon‐selective 1D HSQC experiment is proposed for the determination of 1H–19F coupling constants. The method offers rapid access to 1H–19F coupling constants that cannot be directly measured from the 1H NMR spectrum due to the complexity and/or broadening of the proton signals or because the values are very small. As an additional benefit, the method also provides the relative sign of the 1H–19F coupling constant.