bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A small yet comprehensive subset of human experimental pain models emerging from correlation analysis with a clinical quantitative sensory testing protocol in healthy subjects
Authors: Lötsch J. , Dimova V. , Ultsch A. , Lieb I. , Zimmermann M. , Geisslinger G. , Oertel B.G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPicturing the complexity of pain in human experimental settings has increased the predictivity for clinical pain but requires increasingly complex test batteries. This raises problems in studies in which time is objectively limited, for example by the course of action of an analgesic drug. We addressed the selection of a small yet comprehensive set of pain tests for the use in such a situation.MethodNineteen different pain measures from ‘classical’ pain models (n = 9) and a clinically established QST‐pain test battery (n = 10), were obtained from 72 healthy volunteers (34 men). The nonparametric correlation structure among the various pain measures was analysed using Ward clustering.ResultsFour clusters emerged, each consisting of highly correlated pain measures. The pain model groups emerged comprised (I) pain thresholds and tolerances to blunt pressure or electrical pain; (II) pain thresholds to thermal stimuli; (III) pain measures obtained following application of punctate mechanical, intranasal CO2 chemical or cutaneous laser heat stimuli; and (IV) detection thresholds to thermal stimuli. The first three clusters agreed with an immediate mechanistic interpretation as reflecting C‐fibre mediated pain, thermal pain and Aδ‐fibre mediated pain, respectively, whereas the last cluster contained non‐painful measures and was disregarded.ConclusionsWhen basing a selection of a small comprehensive set of pain models on the assumption that highly correlated pain measures account for redundant results and therefore, one member of each group suffices an economic yet comprehensive pain study, results suggest inclusion of established C‐fibre, Aδ‐fibre mediated and thermal pain measures.
Attenuation of pain behaviour by local administration of alpha‐2 adrenoceptor antagonists to dorsal root ganglia in a rat radiculopathy model
Authors: Ogon I. , Takebayashi T. , Miyakawa T. , Iwase T. , Tanimoto K. , Terashima Y. , Jimbo S. , Kobayashi T. , Tohse N. , Yamashita T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere were several reports suggesting α‐adrenoceptor antagonists are effective to treat neuropathic pain. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to introduce drug delivery system for dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons; (2) to elucidate the effects of α‐adrenoceptor antagonists in acute, subacute or chronic phase and (3) to determine which subtype of adrenoceptor was mainly involved.MethodWe used 130 male Sprague‐Dawley rats. After root constriction, rats received three local injections of α‐adrenoceptor antagonists around DRG. We administered the non‐selective α‐adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine for 3 consecutive days from day 0, 4 or 11 after the surgery, and the α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, the α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist silodosin, the more preferred α1‐adrenoceptor than prazosin and the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine for 3 consecutive days from day 0 after the surgery.ResultsPhentolamine and yohimbine continually attenuated pain behaviour. Prazosin at high dose attenuated pain behaviour, however, prazosin at low dose did not attenuate pain behaviour every experimental day. Silodosin had no analgesic effect. Phentolamine injections from day 4 after surgery attenuated pain behaviour that had been established on the 3rd experimental day until the 28th post‐operative day, although effect of phentolamine wore off. Phentolamine injections from day 11 after surgery temporarily attenuated pain behaviour that had been established on the 3rd, 7th and 10th experimental days.ConclusionsThis study showed α‐adrenoceptor antagonists could suppress pain behaviour via α2‐adrenoceptor in acute phase and temporary attenuate pain behaviour in chronic phase. These findings presented potentials sympathetic nerve blockade contributed to treat neuropathic pain.
Markers of subsyndromal depression in very old persons
Authors: Ludvigsson Mikael , Marcusson Jan , Wressle Ewa , Milberg Anna 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with subsyndromal depression (SSD) in very old persons, and to develop a model for prediction of SSD among very old persons.MethodsA cross‐sectional, population‐based study was undertaken on 85‐year‐old persons in Sweden. Data were collected from a postal questionnaire, assessments in the participants' homes and at reception visits. Depressiveness was screened with GDS‐15 (Geriatric Depression Scale), and the results were classified into three outcome categories: non‐depression (ND), SSD and syndromal depression. Data were analysed with binary logistic, ordinal logistic and linear regression.ResultsWith univariate logistic regression 20 factors associated with SSD were identified in very old persons, and the four hypothesized domains—sociodemographic factors, declining physical functioning, neuropsychiatric factors and existential factors—significantly related to SSD. The multivariate logistic model included seven independent factors that increase the likelihood of SSD instead of ND (lower self‐perceived health, life not meaningful, problems with self‐care, use of tranquilizing medication, no contact with neighbours, history of affective disorder and history of stroke). The ordinal logistic and the linear regression models resulted in seven partly different factors for predicting SSD and depressiveness, in the very old.ConclusionsThe identified markers may help clinicians with the detection, prevention and treatment of SSD in very old persons. The findings indicate the importance of a comprehensive functional approach to diagnosing and treating depressiveness in this population, and the findings might be interpreted as offering support for the coexistence of a dimensional and a categorical view on depressive disorders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Test Your Memory cognitive screening tool: sociodemographic and cardiometabolic risk correlates in a population‐based study of older British men
Authors: Papachristou Efstathios , Ramsay Sheena E. , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy T. , Iliffe Steve , Whincup Peter H. , Goya Wannamethee S. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of Test Your Memory (TYM)‐defined cognitive impairment groups with known sociodemographic and cardiometabolic correlates of cognitive impairment in a population‐based study of older adults.MethodsParticipants were members of the British Regional Heart Study, a cohort across 24 British towns initiated in 1978–1980. Data stemmed from 1570 British men examined in 2010–2012, aged 71–92 years. Sociodemographic and cardiometabolic factors were compared between participants defined as having TYM scores in the normal cognitive ageing, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and severe cognitive impairment (SCI) groups, defined as ≥46 (45 if ≥80 years of age), ≥33 and <33, respectively.ResultsAmong 1570 men, 636 (41%) were classified in the MCI and 133 (8%) in the SCI groups. Compared with participants in the normal cognitive ageing category, individuals with SCI were characterized primarily by lower socio‐economic position (odds ratio (OR) = 6.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.00–9.46), slower average walking speed (OR = 3.36, 95% CI 2.21–5.10), mobility problems (OR = 4.61, 95% CI 3.04–6.97), poorer self‐reported overall health (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.79–3.87), obesity (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.72–3.91) and impaired lung function (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.47–3.45). A similar albeit slightly weaker pattern was observed for participants with MCI.ConclusionSociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as adiposity measures, lung function and poor overall health are associated with cognitive impairments in late life. The correlates of cognitive abilities in the MCI and SCI groups, as defined by the TYM, resemble the risk profile for MCI and Alzheimer's disease outlined in current epidemiological models. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deletion of Rac in Mature Osteoclasts Causes Osteopetrosis, an Age-Dependent Change in Osteoclast Number, and a Reduced Number of Osteoblasts In Vivo
Authors: Zhu Meiling , Sun Ben-hua , Saar Katarzyna , Simpson Christine , Troiano Nancy , Dallas Sarah L , Tiede-Lewis LeAnn M , Nevius Erin , Pereira João P , Weinstein Robert S , Tommasini Steven M , Insogna Karl L 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Rac1 and Rac2 are thought to have important roles in osteoclasts. Therefore, mice with deletion of both Rac1 and Rac2 in mature osteoclasts (DKO) were generated by crossing Rac1flox/flox mice with mice expressing Cre in the cathepsin K locus and then mating these animals with Rac2-/- mice. DKO mice had markedly impaired tooth eruption. Bone mineral density (BMD) was increased 21% to 33% in 4- to 6-week-old DKO mice at all sites when measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and serum cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTx) was reduced by 52%. The amount of metaphyseal trabecular bone was markedly increased in DKO mice, but the cortices were very thin. Spinal trabecular bone mass was increased. Histomorphometry revealed significant reductions in both osteoclast and osteoblast number and function in 4- to 6-week-old DKO animals. In 14- to 16-week-old animals, osteoclast number was increased, although bone density was further increased. DKO osteoclasts had severely impaired actin ring formation, an impaired ability to generate acid, and reduced resorptive activity in vitro. In addition, their life span ex vivo was reduced. DKO osteoblasts expressed normal differentiation markers except for the expression of osterix, which was reduced. The DKO osteoblasts mineralized normally in vitro, indicating that the in vivo defect in osteoblast function was not cell autonomous. Confocal imaging demonstrated focal disruption of the osteocytic dendritic network in DKO cortical bone. Despite these changes, DKO animals had a normal response to treatment with once-daily parathyroid hormone (PTH). We conclude that Rac1 and Rac2 have critical roles in skeletal metabolism. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Crataegus azarolus Leaves Induce Antiproliferative Activity, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis in Human HT‐29 and HCT‐116 Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Mustapha Nadia , Pinon Aline , Limami Youness , Simon Alain , Ghedira Kamel , Hennebelle Thierry , Chekir‐Ghedira Leila 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTLimited success has been achieved in extending the survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). There is a strong need for novel agents in the treatment and prevention of CRC. Therefore, in the present study we evaluated the antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic potential of Crataegus azarolus ethyl acetate extract in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 human colorectal cancer cell lines. Moreover, we attempted to investigate the signaling pathways that should be involved in its cytotoxic effect. The Crataegus azarolus ethyl acetate extract‐induced growth inhibitory effect was associated with DNA fragmentation, sub‐G1 peak, loss of mitochondrial potential, and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, ethyl acetate extract of Crataegus azarolus induced the cleavage of caspase‐8. It has no effect on steady‐state levels of total Bcl‐2 protein. Whereas Bax levels decreased significantly in a dose‐dependent manner in both tested cell lines. Taken together, these findings confirm the involvement of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The apoptotic cell death induced by ethyl acetate extract of Crataegus azarolus was accompanied by an enhancement of the p21 expression but not through p53 activation in human colorectal cancer cells. The above‐mentioned data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of Crataegus azarolus ethyl acetate extract‐induced apoptosis in CRC. Therefore, this compound should be a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of CRC. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1262–1272, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Possible Involvement of Serum and Synovial Fluid Resistin in Knee Osteoarthritis: Cartilage Damage, Clinical, and Radiological Links
Authors: Song Yong‐zhou , Guan Jian , Wang Hua‐jun , Ma Wei , Li Feng , Xu Fang , Ding Luo‐bin , Xie Lei , Liu Bo , Liu Kai , Lv Zhe 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundResistin is an adipocytokine associated with inflammation and insulin resistance. Recent studies have shown that resistin plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The current study was aimed at investigating the relationship between resistin in serum and synovial fluid (SF) and disease severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodSeventy‐four patients diagnosed with knee OA and 79 healthy controls receiving regular body check in our hospital were recruited in the study. The Noyes score method was used to assess articular cartilage damage arthroscopically. The symptomatic severity was evaluated according to the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scores. The radiographic disease severity of OA was assessed by the Kellgren‐Lawrence (K–L) grading system. The resistin levels in serum and SF were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Cartilage degradation marker CTX–II in SF was also examined.ResultsSF but not serum resistin levels are positively associated with Noyes scores, K‐L grading scores WOMAC pain scores, physical functional scores and WOMAC total scores. In addition, SF resistin correlated positively with CTX‐II.ConclusionResistin in SF might serve as a potential biomarker for reflecting the disease severity and cartilage degenerative extent of knee OA.
Diffusion weighted imaging for the differentiation of breast tumors: From apparent diffusion coefficient to high order diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Teruel Jose R. , Goa Pål E. , Sjøbakk Torill E. , Østlie Agnes , Fjøsne Hans E. , Bathen Tone F. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundTo compare “standard” diffusion weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of 2nd and 4th‐order for the differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions.MethodsSeventy‐one patients were imaged at 3 Tesla with a 16‐channel breast coil. A diffusion weighted MRI sequence including b = 0 and b = 700 in 30 directions was obtained for all patients. The image data were fitted to three different diffusion models: isotropic model – apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), 2nd‐order tensor model (the standard model used for DTI) and a 4th‐order tensor model, with increased degrees of freedom to describe anisotropy. The ability of the fitted parameters in the different models to differentiate between malignant and benign tumors was analyzed.ResultsSeventy‐two breast lesions were analyzed, out of which 38 corresponded to malignant and 34 to benign tumors. ADC (using any model) presented the highest discriminative ability of malignant from benign tumors with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.968, and sensitivity and specificity of 94.1% and 94.7% respectively for a 1.33 × 10−3 mm2/s cutoff. Anisotropy measurements presented high statistical significance between malignant and benign tumors (P < 0.001), but with lower discriminative ability of malignant from benign tumors than ADC (AUC of 0.896 and 0.897 for fractional anisotropy and generalized anisotropy respectively). Statistical significant difference was found between generalized anisotropy and fractional anisotropy for cancers (P < 0.001) but not for benign lesions (P = 0.87).ConclusionWhile anisotropy parameters have the potential to provide additional value for breast applications as demonstrated in this study, ADC exhibited the highest differentiation power between malignant and benign breast tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1111–1121.
The use of boron isotopes to evaluate boron uptake by rape grown in acid soil treated with boron containing goethite
Authors: He Jun , Cui Jingzhen , Zhu Duanwei , Zhou Wenbing , Liao Shuijiao , Geng Mingjian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBoron (B), taken up by plants, comes mainly from boron adsorbed by soil constituents, in particular by metal hydrous oxides, organic matter, and edges of clay minerals. The extent and availability of B adsorbed or occluded by soil minerals is unknown due to the lack of a methodology for probing activity of this type of boron. In this study, 10B labeled boron‐containing goethites, i.e., goethite with adsorbed B (ad‐B‐goethite) and occluded B (oc‐B‐goethite), were added individually to an Ultisol for pot experiments to probe soil B bioavailability. The fraction of soil B extracted from B‐containing goethite showed a sigmoidal extraction pattern similar to that of B adsorbed on soil minerals. The rape seedling uptake of B from ad‐B‐goethite treatment of soil was close to that from soil background (50%), while that from oc‐B‐goethite treatment of soil was about 66%. The B absorbed from both B‐containing goethite and soil was mainly accumulated in the shoot; less than a tenth of the B was accumulated in the root. In summary, the behavior of B in B‐containing goethite was generally similar to that of soil B, indicating that B containing goethite can be used to probe migration of B from soil to plant.
Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects of gelatin hydrolysate from unicorn leatherjacket skin
Authors: Karnjanapratum Supatra , O'Callaghan Yvonne C , Benjakul Soottawat , O'Brien Nora 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe in vitro cellular bioactivities including, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects of a gelatin hydrolysate (GH) prepared from unicorn leatherjacket skin, using partially purified glycyl endopeptidase, were investigated in order to optimize the use of fish skin waste products as functional food ingredients.RESULTSGH under the tested concentrations (750–1500 µg mL−1) protected against H2O2‐induced DNA damage in U937 cells. GH also protected against the H2O2‐induced reduction in cellular antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase and catalase, in HepG2 cells. GH demonstrated immunomodulatory potential by reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokine (interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐1β) production and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cell proliferation in human colon cancer (Caco‐2) cells was significantly reduced in a dose‐dependent manner following incubation with GH.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that GH has several bioactivities which support its potential as a promising functional food ingredient with various health benefits. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognostic impact of extra‐nodal extension in thyroid cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Luchini Claudio , Nottegar Alessia , Kaneko Takuma , Sergi Giuseppe , Manzato Enzo , Solmi Marco , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectivesLymph node involvement is common in thyroid cancer, but the system of staging does not consider the histological features of lymph node metastases. We conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the prognostic role of extranodal extension (ENE) in thyroid cancer patients.MethodsWe ran PubMed and SCOPUS searches without language restrictions. Prospective studies reporting data on overall mortality, cancer‐specific mortality, or disease recurrence including thyroid cancer patients, in which cases with ENE (ENE+) were compared with those with only intranodal disease (ENE−) were eligible. Data were summarized using risk ratios (RR) for number of deaths/recurrences, and hazard ratios (HR) for time‐dependent risks related to ENE+ status, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsOf 414 hits, 23 studies were eligible and included. Compared to ENE−, patients who were ENE+ had significantly higher rates of all‐cause mortality (studies = 8; RR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.35–2.64, I2 = 83%) and recurrence (studies = 17; RR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.93–3.60, I2 = 73%). Using HRs adjusted for potential confounders, ENE+ status carried a significantly higher risk of all‐cause and cancer‐specific mortality and disease recurrence.ConclusionIt becomes mandatory to consider ENE in the histopathological examination of surgical samples in thyroid cancer patients, and this factor should be included in future oncological staging systems. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:828–833. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molt migration and migratory connectivity of the long‐billed dowitcher
Authors: Barbaree Blake A. , Reiter Matthew E. , Hickey Catherine M. , Page Gary W. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTEffective conservation of migratory shorebirds requires information on their stopover ecology and migratory connectivity in areas such as the Great Basin and interior California, USA, where freshwater is highly managed and maintenance of wetland networks requires planning across multiple regions. We captured long‐billed dowitchers (Limnodromus scolopaceus; hereafter dowitchers) to study their molt patterns and length of stay in the Klamath Basin during fall migration and their migratory connectivity and over‐winter space use in California's Central Valley. Most dowitchers were in active primary molt when captured (83%, n = 116), and molt stage increased during August and September. Radio‐tagged dowitchers had an average length of stay after capture of 31.9 days (n = 54). After departing the Klamath Basin, we located 57% of 81 radio‐tagged dowitchers in the Central Valley from December to February; most of the 228 detections occurred in the Sacramento Valley (39%) or Grasslands Ecological Area in the San Joaquin Basin (47%). Space use by radio‐tagged dowitchers differed among the Sacramento Valley, San Joaquin Basin, and Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta sub‐regions, which demonstrated the influence of varying amounts and distributions of habitat. We recommend that managers in the Klamath Basin provide shallow‐water wetlands to support migrant dowitchers for ≥30 days beginning around 1 August, but ideally wetlands should be maintained until 30 September if freshwater supplies are available. We also recommend coordinated management of shallow‐water wetlands within and between the Klamath Basin and Central Valley to optimize the use of freshwater, a limited and unreliable resource. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
A quantitative blueness index for oligotrophic waters: Application to Lake Tahoe, California–Nevada
Authors: Watanabe Shohei , Vincent Warwick F. , Reuter John , Hook Simon J. , Schladow S. Geoffrey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe perceived blue color of a lake often contributes to its aesthetic appeal, and changes in blueness can be indicative of major shifts in water quality. We developed a quantitative blue water index (Bw) for natural waters, and used it to evaluate spatial and seasonal variations in ultraoligotrophic Lake Tahoe, where clarity and blueness are of ecological and economic value and a focus for lake management strategies. Spectral reflectance was measured using a profiling hyperspectral radiometer, and the values were converted to the axis values of a color space: the International Commission on Illumination L*a*b*, where L* is the lightness of color, a* ranges from green to magenta, and b* ranges from blue to yellow. The blue water index Bw, defined as negative b*, was similarly high at two offshore monitoring sites in Lake Tahoe, but much lower in a semienclosed bay and a small adjacent lake. Seasonal variations of Bw were determined using a hyperspectral radiometer attached to a buoy in the middle of Lake Tahoe. The Bw values were highest in summer, and there was a strong inverse correlation between Bw and phytoplankton concentrations as measured by in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence. However, there was no significant correlation between Bw and Secchi depth. Blueness and visual clarity are complementary measures of the perceived optical state of natural waters, and for many lakes may provide a powerful combination of indicators for conveying water quality to the public.