bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion sickness whilst reading as a passenger in the car is highly predictive of vestibular migraine
Authors: Rova Konstantina , Joffily Lucia , Carvalho Lara , Cortese Elvira , Koohi Nehzat , Kaski Diego 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundVestibular Migraine (VM) is a prevalent vestibular disorder, affecting up to 2.7% of the general population. Despite the establishment of diagnostic criteria by the Bárány Society and its inclusion in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, the clinical diagnosis of VM remains challenging due to its complex pathophysiology and symptom overlap with other dizziness disorders. Motion sickness is a core feature of migraine and can be interrogated through simple questionnaires.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify to what extent motion sensitivity can predict VM compared to other causes of dizziness.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 113 patients from the vestibular neurology clinics at University College London Hospitals. Participants were categorized into VM, Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD), combined VM and PPPD, and ‘other’ dizziness etiologies. Data on motion sickness history and dizziness during car travel were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using logistic regression to assess the predictive value of these symptoms for VM.ResultsA substantial portion of patients with VM (91.2%) reported nausea or dizziness when reading as a passenger, a symptom significantly more prevalent than in those with PPPD or other dizziness diagnoses. Logistic regression indicated that VM patients are significantly more likely to experience these symptoms compared to non-VM patients, with an odds ratio suggesting a strong predictive value for this symptom in diagnosing VM.ConclusionThe findings highlight increased motion sensitivity while reading in a moving vehicle as a promising diagnostic tool for VM, offering a practical aid in clinical settings to distinguish VM from other vestibular disorders.
Exploring causal association between malnutrition, nutrients intake and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Shi , Wang Jing , Meng Xinyao , Yang Shimin , Wu Luyao , Chen Ke , Li Zejian , Xiao Jun , Yu Xiaosi , Chen Xuyong , Feng Jiexiong , Gong Rui 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMalnutrition has emerged as main side effects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which might also affect the prognosis of IBD. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. We aimed to identify the causality of IBD on malnutrition and explore the causal relationship of malnutrition and nutrients intake on IBD by using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IBD, malnutrition and nutrients intake were obtained from previous researches of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (p &lt; 0.00000005). MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causality with different methods based on OR and their 95% CIs. Meanwhile, heterogeneity, pleiotropy and MR-PRESSO were used for instrumental variables evaluation.ResultsThe results of MR analysis revealed that IBD, both Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), could directly impact the incidence of malnutrition (p-value &lt;0.01). CD is directly related to nutrients such as sugar, fat, VA, VC, VD and zinc, while UC is correlated with carbohydrate, fat, VB12, VC, VD, VE, iron, zinc and magnesium. However, our results suggested that malnutrition could not affect the risk of IBD directly (p &gt; 0.05). Further analysis showed similar results that nutrients intake had no direct effect on IBD, neither CD or UC.ConclusionOur results indicated that IBD increases the risk of malnutrition, however, malnutrition and nutrients intake might not directly affect the progression of IBD.
Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and cognitive functions in older adults: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Tan Zhichun , Nie Yaxin , Yan Ning 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) with cognitive functions among U.S. older adults. (Patients were classified into two nutrition risk groups based on the GNRI).MethodsOur analysis utilized data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2014. Cognitive function was measured using CERAD test, AFT and DSST. Composite z-scores were obtained by summing test-specific z-scores of the above three cognitive tests and were used to assess the global cognitive function. We employed weighted logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between GNRI and nutritional status (low and high GNRI) with cognitive function among older participants. The non-linear relationship was described using fitted smoothed curves and threshold effect analyses. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also conducted.ResultsThis study included 2,592 older participants aged 60 years and older. After adjusting for confounding variables, the GNRI was positively associated with AFT (β = 0.05, 95% CI 0.005–0.096, p-value = 0.0285), DSST (β = 0.192, 95% CI 0.078–0.305, p-value = 0.0010) and the composite z-scores (β = 0.027, 95% CI 0.010–0.044, p-value = 0.0024). The results also showed that the high-GNRI group was significantly associated with AFT (β = 0.922, 95% CI 0.166–1.677, p-value = 0.0169), DSST (β = 2.791, 95% CI 0.884–4.698, p-value = 0.0042) and composite z-scores (β = 0.405, 95% CI 0.115–0.695, p-value = 0.0062) likewise had significant positive correlations, using the low-GNRI group as a reference. In addition, inflection points with CERAD and composite z-scores were found at GNRI of 108.016, and 105.371, respectively. Specifically, on the left side of the inflection point GNRI levels were positively correlated with CERAD and composite z-scores (CERAD β = 0.087, 95% CI 0.024–0.150, p-value = 0.0070; composite z-scores β = 0.065, 95% CI 0.040–0.091, p-value &lt;0.0001), while on the right side of the inflection point were significantly negatively associated (CERAD β = −0.295, 95% CI −0.529 to −0.062, p-value = 0.0133, composite z-scores β = −0.050, 95% CI −0.091 to −0.008, p-value = 0.0184).ConclusionLower GNRI was associated with poorer performance in several cognitive domains. Additionally, there was a non-linear positive association between GNRI and cognitive function in normal nutritional states, for excessive GNRI may cause cognitive decline.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of venous thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Ying , Wu Tong , Ren Xue , Liu Jing , Zhang Haibo , Yang Defu , Yan Ying , Lv Dongyang 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high in patients with cancer and can often present as the first symptom of malignancy. Cancer-associated VTE is one of the most important risk factors contributing to cancer mortality, making its prevention and treatment critical for patients with lung cancer.MethodsWe systematically searched for observational studies that estimated the prevalence of VTE in patients with lung cancer. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library, was systematically conducted from database inception through January 21, 2022. The qualities of included studies were assessed in three domains, including patient selection, comparison, and results. Random effects meta-analyses of the prevalence of VTE in lung cancer were conducted using the metaprop procedure. Chi-square test and I2 value were used to evaluate study heterogeneity.ResultsThirty-five studies involving 742,156 patients were considered eligible for this study. The pooled prevalence of VTE among patients with lung cancer was 5% (95% CI: 0.043–0.056, P = 0.000). The regional prevalence of VTE was 7% (95% CI: 0.06–0.08; I2 = 99.2%) in North America, 8% (95% CI: 0.06–0.10; I2 = 97.6%) in Asia, 6% (95% CI: 0.04–0.09; I2 = 95.9%) in Europe and 11% (95% CI: 0.07–0.15) in Australasia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of lung cancer-related VTE is high and region-specific. These results of this review emphasize the importance of understanding the incidence of lung cancer-related VTE and provide argue for VTE screening of patients with lung cancer.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42022306400).
Detection of time of birth and cord clamping using thermal video in the delivery room
Authors: Kolstad Vilde , García-Torres Jorge , Brunner Sara , Johannessen Anders , Foglia Elizabeth , Ersdal Hege , Meinich-Bache Øyvind , Rettedal Siren 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNewborn resuscitation algorithms emphasize that resuscitation is time-critical, and all algorithm steps are related to the time of birth. Infrared thermal video has the potential to capture events in the delivery room, such as birth, cord clamping, and resuscitative interventions, while upholding the privacy of patients and healthcare providers.ObjectivesThe objectives of this concept study were to (i) investigate the technical feasibility of using thermal video in the delivery room to detect birth and cord clamping, and (ii) evaluate the accuracy of manual real-time registrations of the time of birth and cord clamping by comparing it with the accuracy of registrations abstracted from thermal videos.MethodsAn observational study with data collected at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway, from September 2022 to August 2023. The time of birth and cord clamping were manually registered on a portable tablet by healthcare providers. Thermal cameras were placed in the delivery rooms and operating theatre to capture births. Videos were retrospectively reviewed to determine the time of birth and cord clamping.ResultsParticipation consent was obtained from 306 mothers, of which 195 births occurred in delivery rooms or an operating theatre with a thermal camera installed. We excluded 12 videos in which no births occurred. Births were detectable in all 183 (100%) thermal videos evaluated. There was a median (quartiles) of 1.8 (0.7, 5.4) s deviation in the manual registrations of the times of births relative to those abstracted from thermal videos. Cord clamping was detectable in 173 of the 183 (95%) thermal videos, with a median of 18.3 (3.3, 108) s deviation in the manual registrations of the times of cord clampings relative to those abstracted from thermal videos.ConclusionRecognizing the time of birth and cord clamping from thermal videos is technically feasible and provides a method for determining when resuscitative events occur.
Sub-chronic nicotine exposure influences methamphetamine self-administration and dopamine overflow in a sex-and genotype-dependent manner in humanized CHRNA6 3′-UTR SNP (rs2304297) adolescent rats
Authors: Carreño Diana , Facundo Antonella , Cardenas Anjelica , Lotfipour Shahrdad 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The rewarding effects of drugs of abuse are associated with the dopaminergic system in the limbic circuitry. Nicotine exposure during adolescence is linked to increased use of drugs of abuse with nicotine and methamphetamine (METH) commonly used together. Nicotine acts on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) systems, critical for reward processing and drug reinforcement, while METH leads to a higher dopamine (DA) efflux in brain reward regions. A human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the α6 nicotinic receptor subunit gene (CHRNA6, rs2304297), has been linked with tobacco/nicotine and general substance use during adolescence. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genomic engineering, our lab recapitulated the CHRNA6 3′UTRC123G SNP, generating α6CC and α6GG allele carriers in Sprague Dawley rats. We hypothesized the CHRNA6 3′UTRC123G SNP would sex- and genotype-dependently enhance nicotine-induced METH self-administration as well as nicotine-induced DA overflow in the nucleus accumbens shell of adolescent α6GG and α6CC carriers.Methods: Adolescent male and female rats underwent a 4-day sub-chronic, low-dose (0.03 mg/kg/0.1 mL, x2) nicotine pretreatment paradigm to assess intravenous METH (0.02 mg/kg/0.1 mL) self-administration as well as nicotine- and METH (0.02 mg/kg/0.1 mL)-induced DA overflow in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) using in vivo microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid-chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD).Results: Nicotine pretreatment sex- and genotype-dependently enhanced subsequent METH self-administration in adolescent CHRNA6 3′UTRC123G SNP rats. Further nicotine and METH-induced DA overflow is observed in α6CC females as compared to α6GG females, with METH-induced DA overflow enhanced in α6GG males when compared to α6CC males.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the CHRNA6 3′-UTRC123G SNP can sex- and genotype-dependently impact adolescent nicotine-induced effects on METH self-administration and stimulant-induced DA overflow in reward regions of the brain.
A comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes revealed the chloroplast heteroplasmy of Artemisia annua
Authors: Ding Xiaoxia , Pan Hengyu , Shi Peiqi , Zhao Siyu , Bao Shengye , Zhong Shan , Dai Chunyan , Chen Jieting , Gong Lu , Zhang Danchun , Qiu Xiaohui , Liao Baosheng , Huang Zhihai 
Published: August 2024

Artemisia annua L. is the main source of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug. High diversity of morphological characteristics and artemisinin contents of A. annua has affected the stable production of artemisinin while efficient discrimination method of A. annua strains is not available. The complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of 38 A. annua strains were assembled and analyzed in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of Artemisia species showed that distinct intraspecific divergence occurred in A. annua strains. A total of 38 A. annua strains were divided into two distinct lineages, one lineage containing widely-distributed strains and the other lineage only containing strains from northern China. The A. annua cp genomes ranged from 150, 953 to 150, 974 bp and contained 131 genes, and no presence or absence variation of genes was observed. The IRs and SC junctions were located in rps19 and ycf1, respectively, without IR contraction observed. Rich sequence polymorphisms were observed among A. annua strains, and a total of 60 polymorphic sites representing 14 haplotypes were identified which unfolding the cpDNA heteroplasmy of A. annua. In conclusion, this study provided valuable resource for A. annua strains identification and provided new insights into the evolutionary characteristics of A. annua.
Global particle buildup simulations with gas puff scan: application to WEST discharge
Authors: Kudashev I. , Scotto d’Abusco M. , Glasser A. , Serre E. , Schwander F. , Bufferand H. , Ciraolo G. , Ghendrih P. , Tamain P. 
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with the distribution of sources, transport, and exhaust of particles in a tokamak. Knowledge and understanding of all the physical phenomena involved in the global particle buildup are necessary to study and predict density regimes and subsequently to develop optimized scenarios for tokamak operation in order to control heat and particle exhaust. Neutral particles and their interactions with plasma are central in this perspective. This paper discusses the impact of varying the intensity of particle fueling in 2D transport simulations of a WEST discharge. Simulations are performed with an updated version of SOLEDGE-HDG that allows a more realistic transport of neutrals using a self-consistent diffusive model based on charge exchange and ionization processes. New code capabilities allow the entire WEST poloidal cross section to be simulated in a realistic configuration for both geometry and the range of control parameters. A gas puff scan illustrates the main features of the sheath-limited, high-recycling, and detached regimes, such as the buildup of the temperature gradient and the pressure drop in the scrape-off layer (SOL), the target temperature falling to 1 eV, and the ionization source moving away from the targets, as well as the particle flux rollover. A crude estimate of wall erosion is also provided, showing the respective role of each plasma wall component in each of these regimes.
The arrhythmic substrate of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using ECG imaging
Authors: Chow Ji-Jian , Leong Kevin M. W. , Shun-Shin Matthew , Jones Sian , Guttmann Oliver P. , Mohiddin Saidi A. , Lambiase Pier , Elliott Perry M. , Ormerod Julian O. M. , Koa-Wing Michael , Lefroy David , Lim Phang Boon , Linton Nicholas W. F. , Ng Fu Siong , Qureshi Norman A. , Whinnett Zachary I. , Peters Nicholas S. , Francis Darrel P. , Varnava Amanda M. , Kanagaratnam Prapa 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at risk for lethal ventricular arrhythmia, but the electrophysiological substrate behind this is not well-understood. We used non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging to characterize patients with HCM, including cardiac arrest survivors.Methods: HCM patients surviving ventricular fibrillation or hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (n = 17) were compared to HCM patients without a personal history of potentially lethal arrhythmia (n = 20) and a pooled control group with structurally normal hearts. Subjects underwent exercise testing by non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging to estimate epicardial electrophysiology.Results: Visual inspection of reconstructed epicardial HCM maps revealed isolated patches of late activation time (AT), prolonged activation-recovery intervals (ARIs), as well as reversal of apico-basal trends in T-wave inversion and ARI compared to controls (p &lt; 0.005 for all). AT and ARI were compared between groups. The pooled HCM group had longer mean AT (60.1 ms vs. 52.2 ms, p &lt; 0.001), activation dispersion (55.2 ms vs. 48.6 ms, p = 0.026), and mean ARI (227 ms vs. 217 ms, p = 0.016) than structurally normal heart controls. HCM ventricular arrhythmia survivors could be differentiated from HCM patients without a personal history of life-threatening arrhythmia by longer mean AT (63.2 ms vs. 57.4 ms, p = 0.007), steeper activation gradients (0.45 ms/mm vs. 0.36 ms/mm, p = 0.011), and longer mean ARI (234.0 ms vs. 221.4 ms, p = 0.026). A logistic regression model including whole heart mean activation time and activation recovery interval could identify ventricular arrhythmia survivors from the HCM cohort, producing a C statistic of 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.72–0.81), with an optimal sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 79.8%.Discussion: The HCM epicardial electrotype is characterized by delayed, dispersed conduction and prolonged, dispersed activation-recovery intervals. Combination of electrophysiologic measures with logistic regression can improve differentiation over single variables. Future studies could test such models prospectively for risk stratification of sudden death due to HCM.
The influence of parents on children’s consciousness of gender equality: a multi-group structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Li Yifei , Zhang Jie , Li Juan , Chen Yiping , Zhang Jingping , Zuo Man 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the consciousness of gender equality among school-aged children in China and its influencing factors using structural equation modeling to explore the pathways, intensity and group differences among these factors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified random whole-group sampling of primary school students in grades 1–6 and their parents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, 1,312 valid questionnaires were collected from a total of 1,500 school-aged children in Hunan Province, China (effective response rate of 87.5%). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software. Statistical inference consisted of t-tests, analysis of variance, the LSD test, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple stepwise linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling.ResultsSchool-aged children had the lowest consciousness of gender equality in the area of occupation and relatively higher consciousness in the areas of family and school. Children’s age, gender, gender role, parent–child relationship, teacher-student relationship and parents’ gender equality consciousness had predictive effects on children’s consciousness of gender equality. The structural equation model constructed in this study is applicable to school-aged children of different genders. There was a significant difference in the structural equation modeling for children in different study period groups.ConclusionIn the education process, parents and teachers should attempt to improve their own consciousness of gender equality, integrate the concept of androgynous education, enhance close relationships with children, and adopt appropriate education methods according to the characteristics of different groups of children.
Effects of neuroticism on pre-exam irritable bowel syndrome in female middle school students: mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty and moderating role of exercise duration
Authors: Wu Hou , Liu Qiqin , Liu Jianping , Liu Mingfan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChina, which is deeply influenced by Confucianism, places special emphasis on students’ test scores. Previous studies have shown that neuroticism is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adolescents. However, the mechanisms underlying this association before exams in female secondary school students are unknown. The present study sought to ascertain whether IU mediates the association between neuroticism and pre-exam IBS, and to determine whether exercise duration moderates the relationship between neuroticism and pre-exam IBS.MethodsThe sample consisted of 685 Chinese female middle school students (Mage = 14.81, SD = 1.55, range = 11-18) who completed paper questionnaires, including the neuroticism subscale of the Chinese Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory, the IBS Symptom Severity Scale, a simplified version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and a movement time questionnaire. Independent samples t-test was used to compare differences between groups and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the bivariate correlation. The SPSS PROCESS 4.1 plug-in was then used to examine the mediating role of IU as well as the moderating role of movement time between neuroticism and pre-exam IBS.ResultsNeuroticism and IU were significantly correlated with pre-exam IBS (r = 0.39, 0.30, respectively; all p &lt; 0.01), and neuroticism was significantly correlated with IU (r = 0.46, p &lt; 0.01). Neuroticism had a direct predictive effect on pre-exam IBS in Chinese female middle school students (β = 0.32, p &lt; 0.001), and IU also had a positive effect on pre-exam IBS (β = 0.15, p &lt; 0.001). The mediating effect value of IU on the total effect was 18.09%. The relationship between neuroticism and pre-exam IBS was moderated by movement time (β = -0.23, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionIU plays a mediating role between neuroticism and pre-exam IBS, and exercise time plays a moderating role between neuroticism and pre-exam IBS. These findings provide an evidence for neuroticism intervention, IU management, and pre-exam IBS improvement in female middle school students.