bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shared experience of adolescent and young adult cancer patients and their caregivers
Authors: Juth Vanessa , Silver Roxane Cohen , Sender Leonard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the interdependent, dyadic, mental health of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients and their caregivers. Our aims were as follows: (1) to investigate the degree to which patients' and caregivers' subjective perceptions of illness severity are congruent with objective severity (i.e., medical indicators), (2) to compare patients' and caregivers' subjective perceptions of illness severity and cancer‐related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and (3) to evaluate whether subjective perceptions of illness severity are linked to patients' and caregivers' cancer‐related PTSS.MethodsThe AYA cancer patients (n = 110; ages 12–24 years; 52% male) undergoing active treatment at an outpatient clinic and their caregivers (n = 110; 97% parents; ages 24–68 years; 89% female) independently reported their PTSS and subjective illness severity.ResultsOverall, neither patients' nor caregivers' reports of subjective illness severity were associated with objective illness severity. Caregivers reported higher PTSS than did patients and higher illness severity than younger, but not older, patients. Actor–partner interdependence model analyses indicated that AYA patients' subjective illness severity is the strongest predictor of their own PTSS and is a significant correlate of their caregivers' PTSS. Caregivers' subjective illness severity is associated with their own PTSS only. Results remained robust after controlling for demographic and illness characteristics.ConclusionsThe AYA patients' and caregivers' illness perceptions are distinct from each other and from objective medical indicators of illness severity. Patients' reports of subjective illness severity may be a marker for their own and their caregivers' mental health. Patient care and efficacious psychosocial interventions may require consideration of both patients' and caregivers' subjective perceptions of illness severity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Cylinder Data and Code Calculations for Homogeneous Explosives
Authors: Souers P.C. , Kury J.W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVergleich der Zylindertest‐Daten mit den Rechen‐Codes für homogene ExplosivstoffeDaten aus dem Kupferzylindertest von homogenen Explosivstoffen wurden gesammelt und verglichen mit den Relativ‐Volumina nahe 2, 4 und 7. Die Detonationsenergien, proportional zum Quadrat der Zylinderwandgeschwindigkeit, wurden bezogen auf hochverdichtetes PETN. Diese Energien werden verglichen mit JWL‐Werten, die abgeleitet wurden aus dem Hydrocode und aus den drei Codes für das Chemische Gleichgewicht: Tiger BKWR, Tiger JCZ3 und CHEQ. Die Werte des BKWR sind durchweg hoch, können aber korrigiert werden durch Eichung mit PETN. JCZ3 liefert die besten allumfassenden Energiewerte der 3 Modelle, obwohl diese durchweg hoch sind bei v, = 2. Die gesamte Detonationsenergie beim JWL‐Code liegt nahe der gemessenen Werte. Alles in allem ist die Qualität beim Fitten der thermochemischen Codes auf die aus den Zylinderwerten abgeleiteten Detonationsenergien schlecht und ein renormalisierter Code is dringend notwendig.
Impact Sensitivity Reduction Via Exo‐Electron Control
Authors: Rhein Robert A. , Reed Russell , Vu Ngo Q. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractReduzierung der Schlagempfindlichkeit über eine Kontrolle durch Exo‐ElektronenViele Materialien emittieren beim Bruch Elektronen (Exo‐Elektronen) in einem sogn. Frakto‐Emissionsprozeß. Bei Substanzen oder Mischungen, die deflagrieren oder detonieren können durch Stoß oder Reibung, können diese Exo‐Elektronen zur Initiierung der Deflagration oder Detonation beitragen. Einige Materialien, z.B. Halbleiter vom p‐Typ, können Exo‐Elektronen absorbieren und bei Verwendung als Additive die Stoß‐ oder Reibempfindlichkeit von Treibstoffen oder Sprengstoffen reduzieren. Es wurde gefunden, daß durch Zusatz von 1% Siliciumpulver vom p‐Typ die Schlagempfindlichkeit von Treibstoffen, die Ammoniumperchlorat in einer Polybutadien‐Matrix enthalten, abnimmt; die Schlagempfindlichkeit wird aber nicht vermindert bei HMX‐, RDX‐ und PETN‐Pulvern.
Numerical Determination of the Thermal Diffusivity and Kinetic Parameters of Solid Explosives
Authors: Roux M. , Marlin F. , Brassy C. , Gillard P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBerechnung der Wärmeleitzahl und der kinetischen Parameter von explosiven FeststoffenDie Wärmeleitzahl und die kinetischen Kennwerte (Aktivierungsenergie und präexponentieller Faktor) explosiver Substanzen wurden anhand einer digitalen und iterativen Methode bestimmt. Ein digitales Modell, auf einer Differenzenapproximation der nichtstationären Wärmetransportgleichung basierend, ermöglicht Simulationen des Wärmeverhaltens eines Produkts in Abwesenheit jeglicher Reaktion und jeglichen Phasenwechsels. Der Vergleich von Simulations‐ und Meßergebnissen erlaubt die Konvergenz zur Wärmeleitzahl der Testsubstanzen. Das angewendete Prinzip ist das gleiche wie für die kinetischen Kennwerte. In letzterem Fall berücksichtigt das Modell die Gleichung des nichtstationären Wärmeflusses mit einer inneren Energiequelle. Die partielle Differentialgleichung wird nach der Methode von Zinn und Mader behandelt.
Parameters Describing the Cylindrical Explosive Consolidation Technique
Authors: O'Donnell R.G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractParameter zur Beschreibung der zylindrischen Verdichtungstechnik mit ExplosivstoffenDie Bedingungen, die erforderlich sind für eine erfolgreiche Herstellung von kompaktem Wolframpulver unter Einsatz der Explosivverdichtung, werden quantifiziert mit Hilfe einer Aufzeichnung der relativen Querschnittsbereiche des Explosivstoffs, des zylindrischen Containers und des Pulvers. Eine Testserie, die erlaubt die Verdichtungsbedingungen während des Tests zu variieren, stützt die Darstellung der Konsolidierungsbedingungen durch eine solche Aufzeichnung. Es wurde beobachtet, daß die Kompaktdichte von der Teilchengröße des Pulvers abhängt. Es wird angenonmen, daß die niedrigere Dichte bei kompaktierten Pulvern mit großer Teilgröße bei gleichen Verdichtungsbedingungen durch eine geringere Verdichtungsfähigkeit dieser größeren Partikel verursacht wird.
Analysis of differential secondary effects of novel rexinoids: select rexinoid X receptor ligands demonstrate differentiated side effect profiles
Authors: Marshall Pamela A. , Jurutka Peter W. , Wagner Carl E. , van der Vaart Arjan , Kaneko Ichiro , Chavez Pedro I. , Ma Ning , Bhogal Jaskaran S. , Shahani Pritika , Swierski Johnathon C. , MacNeill Mairi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn order to determine the feasibility of utilizing novel rexinoids for chemotherapeutics and as potential treatments for neurological conditions, we undertook an assessment of the side effect profile of select rexinoid X receptor (RXR) analogs that we reported previously. We assessed pharmacokinetic profiles, lipid and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in rats, and cell culture activity of rexinoids in sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) induction and thyroid hormone inhibition assays. We also performed RNA sequencing of the brain tissues of rats that had been dosed with the compounds. We show here for the first time that potent rexinoid activity can be uncoupled from drastic lipid changes and thyroid axis variations, and we propose that rexinoids can be developed with improved side effect profiles than the parent compound, bexarotene (1).
Incorporation of concentration data below the limit of quantification in population pharmacokinetic analyses
Authors: Keizer Ron J. , Jansen Robert S. , Rosing Hilde , Thijssen Bas , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H. M. , Huitema Alwin D. R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHandling of data below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), below the limit of quantification (BLOQ) in population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analyses is important for reducing bias and imprecision in parameter estimation. We aimed to evaluate whether using the concentration data below the LLOQ has superior performance over several established methods. The performance of this approach (“All data”) was evaluated and compared to other methods: “Discard,” “LLOQ/2,” and “LIKE” (likelihood‐based). An analytical and residual error model was constructed on the basis of in‐house analytical method validations and analyses from literature, with additional included variability to account for model misspecification. Simulation analyses were performed for various levels of BLOQ, several structural PopPK models, and additional influences. Performance was evaluated by relative root mean squared error (RMSE), and run success for the various BLOQ approaches. Performance was also evaluated for a real PopPK data set. For all PopPK models and levels of censoring, RMSE values were lowest using “All data.” Performance of the “LIKE” method was better than the “LLOQ/2” or “Discard” method. Differences between all methods were small at the lowest level of BLOQ censoring. “LIKE” method resulted in low successful minimization (<50%) and covariance step success (<30%), although estimates were obtained in most runs (~90%). For the real PK data set (7.4% BLOQ), similar parameter estimates were obtained using all methods. Incorporation of BLOQ concentrations showed superior performance in terms of bias and precision over established BLOQ methods, and shown to be feasible in a real PopPK analysis.
Tandem mass spectrometry and density functional theory of RDX fragmentation pathways: Role of ion–molecule complexes in loss of NO3 and lack of molecular ion peak
Authors: Jeilani Yassin A. , Duncan Kameron A. , Newallo Domnique S. , Thompson Albert N. , Bose Nripendra K. 
Published: March 2015

RationaleHexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) is an explosive compound that finds a wide range of military and civilian applications. RDX has been a target in environmental matrices by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). MS/MS in negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode of RDX provides important fragmentation patterns that are useful for structural elucidation. The fragmentation patterns are needed for proper identification of precursor and product ions in analytical methods that depend on MS/MS approaches for a reliable identification of RDX.MethodsThis study focuses on the MS fragmentation mechanisms of RDX in NCI mode using both MS/MS and density functional theory (DFT). The DFT studies were performed at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory.ResultsThe DFT results showed that NCI of RDX leads to the formation of an anion–molecule complex that was energetically more stable than the RDX anion. The fragmentation proceeds through two pathways, leading to the loss of NO2 and NO3. The loss of NO3 takes place in an anion–molecule complex leading to the formation of characteristic nitroso group fragment ions. Using the fragmentation schemes, important ion structures are proposed including structures for m/z 160, 129, 102, and 86.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the importance of both charge‐induced and charge‐remote dissociations in RDX pathways. The ion structures identified along the pathways could be used as targets in analytical methods for reliable identification purposes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust attitude tracking control of spacecraft under control input magnitude and rate saturations
Authors: Zou An‐Min , Kumar Krishna Dev , de Ruiter Anton H. J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of attitude tracking control of spacecraft subject to control input magnitude and rate saturations. The smooth hyperbolic tangent function is used to model the magnitude and rate saturations. As the system is non‐affine in the control input, an augmented plant is presented to facilitate the development of the control law. The backstepping technique, robust control and adaptive control approaches are applied to design the control law. The stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A parallel and efficient approach to large scale clone detection
Authors: Sajnani Hitesh , Saini Vaibhav , Lopes Cristina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe propose a new token‐based approach for large ‐scale code clone detection, which is based on a filtering heuristic that reduces the number of token comparisons when the two code blocks are compared. We also present a MapReduce based parallel algorithm that uses the filtering heuristic and scales to thousands of projects. The filtering heuristic is generic and can also be used in conjunction with other token‐based approaches. In that context, we demonstrate how it can increase the retrieval speed and decrease the memory usage of the index‐based approaches. In our experiments on 36 open source Java projects, we found that: (i) filtering reduces token comparisons by a factor of 10, and thus increasing the speed of clone detection by a factor of 1.5; (ii) the speed‐up and scale‐up of the parallel approach using filtering is near‐linear on a cluster of 2–32 nodes for 150–2800 projects; and (iii) filtering decreases the memory usage of index‐based approach by half and the search time by a factor of 5. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perineal and vaginal tears are clinical markers for occult levator ani trauma: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Shek K. L. , Green K. , Hall J. , Guzman‐Rojas R. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesLevator avulsion has been shown to be associated with anterior and central compartment prolapse and is a risk factor for prolapse recurrence. Diagnosis in the delivery room is usually impossible, as levator avulsion is commonly occult. The objective of this study was to determine if vaginal and major perineal tears are clinical markers of levator trauma as diagnosed by four‐dimensional (4D) translabial ultrasound 3–6 months postpartum.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study using data obtained in two perinatal trials. A total of 774 women seen, on average, 5 (range, 2.3–22.4) months after their first delivery of a term singleton cephalic baby underwent a standardized interview, clinical assessment and 4D translabial ultrasound examination. Clinical data were obtained from the institutional obstetric database, including information on vaginal and perineal tears. Levator avulsion was diagnosed using tomographic ultrasound, with operators blinded to the clinical data.ResultsBoth third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tears and vaginal sidewall tears were independently associated with levator avulsion (P = 0.004 and P = 0.012, respectively). The odds ratio for avulsion in women suffering from such overt trauma was 3.44 (95% CI, 1.47–8.03) for third‐/fourth‐degree perineal tears and 3.35 (95% CI, 1.30–8.61) for vaginal sidewall tears.ConclusionsVaginal sidewall and third‐/fourth‐degree perineal tears were found to be independent clinical indicators of an increased risk of levator trauma, as diagnosed by 4D translabial ultrasound 3–6 months postpartum. Such clinical markers may become useful in the identification of women at high risk of levator trauma and future pelvic floor disorders. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mechanisms of plant cell division
Authors: Lipka Elisabeth , Herrmann Arvid , Mueller Sabine 
Published: March 2015

Plant cells are confined by a network of cellulosic walls that imposes rigid control over the selection of division plane orientations, crucial for morphogenesis and genetically regulated. While in animal cells and yeast, the actin cytoskeleton is instrumental in the execution of cytokinesis, in plant cells the microtubule cytoskeleton is taking the lead in spatially controlling and executing cytokinesis by the formation of two unique, plant‐specific arrays, the preprophase band (PPB) and the phragmoplast. The formation of microtubule arrays in plant cells is contingent on acentrosomal microtubule nucleation. At the onset of mitosis, the PPB defines the plane of cell division where the partitioning cell wall is later constructed by the cytokinetic phragmoplast, imposing a spatio‐temporal relationship between the two processes. Current research progress in the field of plant cell division focuses on identifying and tying the links between early and late events in spatial control of cytokinesis and how microtubule array formation is regulated in plant cells. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:391–405. doi: 10.1002/wdev.186This article is categorized under:

Plant Development > Vegetative Development
High False Positivity in Positron Emission Tomography is a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall in Patients with Suspected Adrenal Metastasis
Authors: Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Cowling Benjamin J. , Li Jason Yu‐Yin , Wong Kai Pun , Wan Koon Yat 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a potentially powerful, non‐invasive imaging tool in differentiating adrenal metastasis from benign disease, some adenomas also exhibit high FDG uptake, therefore mimicking metastasis (i.e., false positives). We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of FDG‐PET/CT based exclusively on histology and to identify risk factors for adrenal metastasis.MethodsAmong the 289 consecutive patients who underwent adrenalectomy, 39 (78.0 %) patients had suspected solitary adrenal metastasis and had a positive preoperative FDG‐PET/CT. The FDG‐PET/CT findings were correlated with the histology of the excised adrenal gland. To identify risk factors for adrenal metastasis, characteristics were compared between patients with histologically proven adrenal metastasis and those without. Youden’s index was used to calculate the optimal cut‐off value for predicting adrenal metastasis.ResultsHistology of the excised adrenal tumor confirmed adrenal metastasis in 28/39 (71.8 %) patients while non‐metastatic lesions comprised mostly benign adrenal cortical adenoma (n = 10) and one non‐functional pheochromocytoma. Therefore, the overall false‐positive rate of FDG‐PET/CT was 28.2 %. History of primary lung malignancy [odds ratio (OR) (95 % CI) 20.00 (1.01–333.3), p = 0.049] and SUVmax > 2.65 [OR (95 % CI) 31.606 (2.46–405.71), p = 0.008] were independent risk factors for adrenal metastasis.ConclusionsSingle adrenal uptake on FDG‐PET/CT in suspected solitary adrenal metastasis was associated with a high false‐positive rate (28.2 %). Risk factors associated with adrenal metastasis included a history of known primary lung malignancy and a SUVmax > 2.65 at the adrenal lesion of interest on FDG‐PET/CT. Based on these findings, a new algorithm was constructed.
Validation and Comparison of Nomograms in Predicting Disease‐Specific Survival for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Wong Carlos K. H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundNomogram could estimate individualized prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We aimed to create and validate a new nomogram and compare it with other published nomograms using a large patient cohort.MethodsEight‐hundred and forty‐nine PTC patients with ≥7 years follow‐up were randomly assigned to the development (n = 425)
and validation (n = 424) groups. The former was used for developing a nomogram for disease‐specific survival (DSS), while the latter was for validating the nomogram by discrimination [or area under curve (AUC)]. AUC of the newly developed nomogram was compared to other published nomograms.ResultsThe 5‐ and 10‐year risk of dying from PTC were 1.4 and 3.3 %, respectively, while dying from non‐PTC‐related causes were 2.3 and 5.1 %, respectively. The new nomogram was developed from age, tumor size, multifocality, nodal status and distant metastases. The discrimination was excellent (AUC (95 % CI) for 5‐ and 10‐year DSS were 0.896 (0.683–0.971) and 0.919 (0.871–0.967), respectively). Its predictability was similar to other published nomograms (p > 0.05). Based on the new nomogram, a total score of <28 meant 99.72 % chance of surviving from PTC at 10 years while a score of ≥28 meant 9.09 % chance of dying from PTC at 10 years.ConclusionsUsing variables from the current tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system, a new nomogram was developed. It exhibited excellent discriminatory ability and accuracy in predicting 10‐year DSS relative to other published nomograms. However, given the excellent prognosis of PTC, the new nomogram was better at ruling out than predicting PTC‐related death. Further validation by an external cohort is required.
Object play in thick-toed geckos during a space experiment
Authors: Barabanov Valerij , Gulimova Victoria , Berdiev Rustam , Saveliev Sergey 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlay behavior was observed in thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneriGRAY 1864) during a 30-day orbital experiment on the unmanned spacecraft “BION-M” No. 1. The geckos wore ornamented colored collars which made it possible to track the behavior of individual animals on video recordings. The object of the play behavior was a collar that one of the geckos had managed to remove in the pre-launch period and which floated weightless in the animal holding unit under microgravity. Four of the five geckos participated in play episodes, which were defined as one-time interactions with the collar, as well in a fuller form of play that included approaching the unmoving collar or observing its approach, manipulations with the collar and further tracking the collar. Manipulations with the collar could take the form of complicated play, such as pressing the snout against the edge of the collar rim, multiple episodes of pushing the collar with the snout, inserting the head into the collar, holding the collar by pressing the head to the container floor and tilting the head with the collar on the snout. There were individual variations in play pattern. Explanations for the rarity of play behavior in reptiles under normal conditions and the geckos’ playfulness in microgravity are discussed. Appropriate video is available athttp://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo150224ct01a.
Methyl Esters (Biodiesel) from and Fatty Acid Profile of Gliricidia sepium Seed Oil
Authors: Knothe Gerhard , de Castro Maria Ellenita G. , Razon Luis F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIncreasing the supply of biodiesel by defining and developing additional feedstocks is important to overcome the still limited amounts available of this alternative fuel. In this connection, the methyl esters of the seed oil of Gliricidia sepium were synthesized and the significant fuel‐related properties were determined. The fatty acid profile was also determined with saturated fatty acids comprising slightly more than 35 %, 16.5 % palmitic, 14.5 % stearic, as well as lesser amounts of even longer‐chain fatty acids. Linoleic acid is the most prominent acid at about 49 %. Corresponding to the high content of saturated fatty acid methyl esters, cold flow is the most problematic property as shown by a high cloud point of slightly >20 °C. Otherwise, the properties of G. sepium methyl esters are acceptable for biodiesel use when comparing them to specifications in biodiesel standards but the problematic cold flow properties would need to be observed. The 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra of G. sepium methyl esters are reported.