bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Martyrs’ Tales
Authors: Kishlansky Mark 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article recounts the legal proceedings against those Puritan activists who challenged the government of Charles I in the 1630s. It demonstrates that most of our knowledge of these events has come from the highly colored accounts written by the defendants themselves. Closer examination demonstrates that Leighton, Prynne, Bastwick, Burton, and Lilburne set out to challenge the government, first by writing incendiary tracts about religion and then by refusing to recognize the jurisdiction of the courts into which they were brought. While they saw their causes as cases of conscience, Caroline officials saw them as attacks upon the legal and political system. They were convicted in formal legal proceedings, and while the penalties they received appear barbaric to our sensibilities, they were typical in such cases.
Questioning a Late Victorian “Dyad”: Preservationism, Demolitionism, and the City of London Churches, 1860–1904
Authors: Weinstein Ben 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBetween 1841 and 1904, fourteen of Sir Christopher Wren's City of London churches, accounting for over a third of the City's forty Wrens, were demolished. But for certain deficiencies in the legislation enabling City church demolition, the toll would have been much higher. At one point during the late 1860s, well over half of all City churches had been selected for demolition. City church demolition was the most focused and yet also the most sustained episode of Victorian “vandalism,” and it therefore offers a uniquely appropriate case study through which to draw larger conclusions about late Victorian attitudes to the relative merits of historic preservation and development. The debates surrounding the demolition of Wren's City churches suggest that many advocates of historic building demolition were not, as William Morris would have us believe, “utilitarian philistines.” Nor, for that matter, were all preservationists motivated by heritage concerns.
Effects of forest fragmentation on the recruitment success of the tropical tree Poulsenia armata at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Zambrano Jenny , Coates Rosamond , Howe Henry F. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:Recruitment success of individual plants is limited by an array of biotic and abiotic factors. Seedling survival may experience high mortality due to negative density dependence or altered microclimatic conditions. This study reports regeneration of Poulsenia armata (Moraceae), in the fragmented landscape of the Los Tuxtlas region in south-eastern Mexico. Density, survival and growth of seedlings (<1 y) and juveniles (<150 cm height) of P. armata were predicted to be significantly lower in forest fragments compared with extensive continuous forest. Contrary to expectation, density did not vary between habitats; however, we found twice the number of seedlings (n = 82) in forest fragments than in the continuous forest (n = 35). Forest fragments were associated with higher seedling densities close to adult trees. Unexpectedly, we found no evidence for negative density dependence in plant survival or growth. Survival and growth of P. armata were negatively impacted in forest fragments, with desiccation by warmer daily temperatures likely the cause of mortality, independent of density. Of the 111 individuals recorded in 2010 in forest fragments, 38% died over 2 y of census (n = 42), while 9% (n = 12) of the 127 individuals from the continuous forest died. Higher rates of mortality suggest that conditions in forest fragments are detrimental to seedling cohorts over time. Low juvenile recruitment jeopardizes persistence of P. armata, in fragmented populations of this rain-forest tree.
Oxide Wizard: An EELS Application to Characterize the White Lines of Transition Metal Edges
Authors: Yedra Lluís , Xuriguera Elena , Estrader Marta , López-Ortega Alberto , Baró Maria D. , Nogués Josep , Roldan Manuel , Varela Maria , Estradé Sònia , Peiró Francesca 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of transition metal oxides are directly determined by the oxidation state of the metallic cations. To address the increasing need to accurately evaluate the oxidation states of transition metal oxide systems at the nanoscale, here we present “Oxide Wizard.” This script for Digital Micrograph characterizes the energy-loss near-edge structure and the position of the transition metal edges in the electron energy-loss spectrum. These characteristics of the edges can be linked to the oxidation states of transition metals with high spatial resolution. The power of the script is demonstrated by mapping manganese oxidation states in Fe3O4/Mn3O4 core/shell nanoparticles with sub-nanometer resolution in real space.
Erratum: Mesoscale distribution and functional diversity of picoeukaryotes in the first-year sea ice of the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Piwosz Kasia , Wiktor Józef Maria , Niemi Andrea , Tatarek Agnieszka , Michel Christine 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 1461–1471; doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.39; published online 21 March 2013 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified an error on page six of their article, namely that the given number of of pavlovophytes was incorrectly listed as ‘3.1 × 107 cells m−3’, whereas it should have been listed as ‘3.
On the fate of pumice rafts formed during the 2012 Havre submarine eruption
Authors: Jutzeler Martin , Marsh Robert , Carey Rebecca J. , White James D. L. , Talling Peter J. , Karlstrom Leif 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPumice rafts are floating mobile accumulations of low-density pumice clasts generated by silicic volcanic eruptions. Pumice in rafts can drift for years, become waterlogged and sink, or become stranded on shorelines. Here we show that the pumice raft formed by the impressive, deep submarine eruption of the Havre caldera volcano (Southwest Pacific) in July 2012 can be mapped by satellite imagery augmented by sailing crew observations. Far from coastal interference, the eruption produced a single >400 km2raft in 1 day, thus initiating a gigantic, high-precision, natural experiment relevant to both modern and prehistoric oceanic surface dispersal dynamics. Observed raft dispersal can be accurately reproduced by simulating drift and dispersal patterns using currents from an eddy-resolving ocean model hindcast. For future eruptions that produce potentially hazardous pumice rafts, our technique allows real-time forecasts of dispersal routes, in addition to inference of ash/pumice deposit distribution in the deep ocean.
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess cognitive function in infants in rural Africa.
Authors: Lloyd-Fox Sarah , Papademetriou M. , Darboe M. K. , Everdell N. L. , Wegmuller R. , Prentice A. M. , Moore S. E. , Elwell C. E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCortical mapping of cognitive function during infancy is poorly understood in low-income countries due to the lack of transportable neuroimaging methods. We have successfully piloted functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a neuroimaging tool in rural Gambia. Four-to-eight month old infants watched videos of Gambian adults perform social movements, while haemodynamic responses were recorded using fNIRS. We found distinct regions of the posterior superior temporal and inferior frontal cortex that evidenced either visual-social activation or vocally selective activation (vocal > non-vocal). The patterns of selective cortical activation in Gambian infants replicated those observed within similar aged infants in the UK. These are the first reported data on the measurement of localized functional brain activity in young infants in Africa and demonstrate the potential that fNIRS offers for field-based neuroimaging research of cognitive function in resource-poor rural communities.
Miniature quad‐band bandpass filter with passband individually controllable using folded SIR
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Kang , Zhu Yu‐Feng , Li Yong , Li Xi‐Wen 
Published: April 2014

A novel quad‐band bandpass filter with individually controllable centre frequencies and bandwidths using a folded stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) is proposed. The new filter that centres at 2.4, 3.3, 4.1 and 5.2 GHz has a measured passband insertion loss of no more than 1.6 dB, and has a miniature circuit size of 0.448λg × 0.027λg. The presented filter is fabricated and tested, and the experiment demonstrates the new design. The new quad‐band bandpass filter has compact and simple circuit topology, good performance of low passband insertion loss and transmission zeros, and greatly reduced circuit size compared with the relative reports.
Establishing the validity of domestication genes using DNA from ancient chickens
Authors: Girdland Flink Linus , Allen Richard , Barnett Ross , Malmström Helena , Peters Joris , Eriksson Jonas , Andersson Leif , Dobney Keith , Larson Greger 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Recent studies have identified the genetic basis of numerous traits that differentiate modern domestic species from their wild counterparts. In both plants and animals, traits (and the genes underlying them) found ubiquitously in modern breeds are often presumed to have been selected early during the domestication process. Here, by determining genetic variability in ancient European chickens over the past 2,000 years, we show that a mutation thought to be crucial during chicken domestication was not subjected to strong human-mediated selection until much later in time. This result demonstrates that the ubiquity of mutations, which differentiate modern wild and domestic taxa, does not necessarily imply ancient origins.
Beyond the single gene: How epistasis and gene-by-environment effects influence crop domestication
Authors: Doust Andrew N. , Lukens Lewis , Olsen Kenneth M. , Mauro-Herrera Margarita , Meyer Ann , Rogers Kimberly 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceRecent archaeological studies of crop domestication have suggested a relatively slow spread and fixation of some key domestication traits, such as the loss of seed shattering. In contrast, genetic studies often indicate that domestication traits have a fairly simple genetic basis, which should facilitate their rapid evolution under selection. Here we examine previously underexplored factors that could account for this apparent disconnect: the roles of gene-by-gene interactions (epistasis) and gene-by-environment effects in shaping the rate of phenotypic evolution during domestication. Analysis of aSetariamapping population, together with a review of evidence from the literature, suggests that these genetic factors, although important, are unlikely to have played a major role in constraining the rate of phenotypic evolution during domestication.
Fetal programming of adult Leydig cell function by androgenic effects on stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Kilcoyne Karen R. , Smith Lee B. , Atanassova Nina , Macpherson Sheila , McKinnell Chris , van den Driesche Sander , Jobling Matthew S. , Chambers Thomas J. G. , De Gendt Karel , Verhoeven Guido , O’Hara Laura , Platts Sophie , Renato de Franca Luiz , Lara Nathália L. M. , Anderson Richard A. , Sharpe Richard M. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Men are defined by androgens (testosterone), which drive fetal masculinization (male development) and puberty and maintain masculinity in adulthood, including sex drive, erectile function, and fertility. Moreover, Western cardiometabolic diseases are all associated with lowered testosterone levels in men. Therefore, influences on testosterone levels in adulthood have pervasive importance for masculinity and health. Our study shows, for the first time, to our knowledge, that testosterone levels during fetal masculinization can (re)program adult testosterone levels through effects on stem cells, which develop into adult Leydig cells (the source of testosterone) after puberty. These stem cells are present in fetal testes of humans and animals, and using the latter, we show how these cells are reprogrammed to affect adult testosterone levels.
Emergence of the A20/ABIN-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling via modifying the ubiquitinated proteins in a basal chordate
Authors: Yuan Shaochun , Dong Xiangru , Tao Xin , Xu Liqun , Ruan Jie , Peng Jian , Xu Anlong 
Published: April 2014

Significance
We report the ancestral roles of the A20 molecule as a dual-function enzyme in a basal chordate that adds and removes ubiquitin moieties to its target proteins. Moreover, we found amphioxus A20-binding inhibitors of NF-κB (ABINs) fulfilled ancestral roles in connecting the ubiquitin chain by competing with other ubiquitinated proteins. We further suggest that although ubiquitination is an ancient strategy in regulating immune signaling, taxon-specific regulating mechanism may occur in amphioxus. The emergence of A20 and ABINs adds information on the means by which amphioxus can effectively defend against pathogenic invasion in the absence of classical adaptive immunity.
Dystroglycan mediates homeostatic synaptic plasticity at GABAergic synapses
Authors: Pribiag Horia , Peng Huashan , Shah Waris Ali , Stellwagen David , Carbonetto Salvatore 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceNormal levels of brain activity result from a fine balance of excitation and inhibition, and disruption of this balance may underlie many neurological disorders. Physiologically, homeostatic synaptic plasticity maintains this balance, though the molecular underpinnings of this plasticity, necessary to explain brain dysfunction and define therapies, are not well understood. Here we have described regulation of inhibitory synaptic plasticity by dystroglycan, a cell adhesion molecule that forms a scaffold at inhibitory (GABAergic) synapses and homeostatically regulates the abundance of GABAAreceptors in the postsynaptic density. These data may explain the epilepsy and cognitive deficits observed in individuals lacking functional dystroglycan.
Investigations of heme distortion, low-frequency vibrational excitations, and electron transfer in cytochrome c
Authors: Sun Yuhan , Benabbas Abdelkrim , Zeng Weiqiao , Kleingardner Jesse G. , Bren Kara L. , Champion Paul M. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceTo probe the effect of heme ruffling on electron transport, we studied three cytochromes that display wide variation in the heme ruffling distortion. Ruffling is characterized by a low-frequency heme mode in the region 45–60 cm−1and by a photoreduction cross-section that displays strong variation as a function of the magnitude of the distortion. Given the similarity in the distance between the heme and the nearest aromatic amino acid for all three proteins, the order-of-magnitude changes in photoreduction rate demonstrate that the ruffling coordinate can serve as a control mechanism for electron transport in heme proteins. Major differences in heme ruffling are noted for cytochrome c when bound to the mitochondrial membrane compared with its solution structure.
Effects of side chains in helix nucleation differ from helix propagation
Authors: Miller Stephen E. , Watkins Andrew M. , Kallenbach Neville R. , Arora Paramjit S. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Complete description of the kinetics and thermodynamics of α-helix formation is fundamental to the understanding of protein folding because α-helices are the most abundant class of secondary structures and are implicated in the earliest steps of the folding process. Kinetic models of protein folding suggest that helix folding is rate-limited by formation of a nucleus followed by rapid propagation. The influence of individual residues on propagation has been evaluated in numerous model peptides and proteins. Here, we describe a synthetic model that enables experimental assessment of the role of individual residues in helix nucleation. Our results suggest that amino acids contribute differently to nucleation than to propagation.
Genomic and cranial phenotype data support multiple modern human dispersals from Africa and a southern route into Asia
Authors: Reyes-Centeno Hugo , Ghirotto Silvia , Détroit Florent , Grimaud-Hervé Dominique , Barbujani Guido , Harvati Katerina 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Current consensus indicates that modern humans originated from an ancestral African population between ∼100–200 ka. The ensuing dispersal pattern is controversial, yet has important implications for the demographic history and genetic/phenotypic structure of extant human populations. We test for the first time to our knowledge the spatiotemporal dimensions of competing out-of-Africa dispersal models, analyzing in parallel genomic and craniometric data. Our results support an initial dispersal into Asia by a southern route beginning as early as ∼130 ka and a later dispersal into northern Eurasia by ∼50 ka. Our findings indicate that African Pleistocene population structure may account for observed plesiomorphic genetic/phenotypic patterns in extant Australians and Melanesians. They point to an earlier out-of-Africa dispersal than previously hypothesized.
A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors
Authors: Qin Xin-Cheng , Shi Mang , Tian Jun-Hua , Lin Xian-Dan , Gao Dong-Ya , He Jin-Rong , Wang Jian-Bo , Li Ci-Xiu , Kang Yan-Jun , Yu Bin , Zhou Dun-Jin , Xu Jianguo , Plyusnin Alexander , Holmes Edward C. , Zhang Yong-Zhen 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceRNA viruses can contain a single (unsegmented) or multiple (segmented) genomic molecules. However, the evolutionary connection between these two fundamentally different forms of genome organization is unclear. We discovered a previously unidentified segmented RNA virus of ticks that, uniquely, contained two segments derived from an unsegmented flavivirus, as well as two highly divergent segments of unknown origin. In addition, copies of this virus were present in a nematode (dog roundworm). Collectively, these results demonstrate the remarkable diversity of viral genome structures as well as a previously unidentified evolutionary link between unsegmented and segmented viruses.
Storytelling and story testing in domestication
Authors: Gerbault Pascale , Allaby Robin G. , Boivin Nicole , Rudzinski Anna , Grimaldi Ilaria M. , Pires J. Chris , Climer Vigueira Cynthia , Dobney Keith , Gremillion Kristen J. , Barton Loukas , Arroyo-Kalin Manuel , Purugganan Michael D. , Rubio de Casas Rafael , Bollongino Ruth , Burger Joachim , Fuller Dorian Q. , Bradley Daniel G. , Balding David J. , Richerson Peter J. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Larson Greger , Thomas Mark G. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Our knowledge of the domestication of animal and plant species comes from a diverse range of disciplines, and interpretation of patterns in data from these disciplines has been the dominant paradigm in domestication research. However, such interpretations are easily steered by subjective biases that typically fail to account for the inherent randomness of evolutionary processes, and which can be blind to emergent patterns in data. The testing of explicit models using computer simulations, and the availability of powerful statistical techniques to fit models to observed data, provide a scientifically robust means of addressing these problems. Here we outline the principles and argue for the merits of such approaches in the context of domestication-related questions.
Control of MT1-MMP transport by atypical PKC during breast-cancer progression
Authors: Rossé Carine , Lodillinsky Catalina , Fuhrmann Laetitia , Nourieh Maya , Monteiro Pedro , Irondelle Marie , Lagoutte Emilie , Vacher Sophie , Waharte François , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine , Romao Maryse , Sengmanivong Lucie , Linch Mark , van Lint Johan , Raposo Graça , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Bièche Ivan , Parker Peter J. , Chavrier Philippe 
Published: April 2014

Significance
We characterize a mechanism through which the polarity protein atypical PKCι controls invasion and matrix remodeling by tumor cells by regulating endosome-to-plasma membrane traffic of the membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in breast-cancer cells. Further analysis shows that atypical PKCι and MT1-MMP are co–up-regulated in hormone receptor-negative breast tumors in association with higher risk of metastasis. These findings provide previously unidentified avenues for the design of therapeutic interventions.
Network analysis reveals multiscale controls on streamwater chemistry
Authors: McGuire Kevin J. , Torgersen Christian E. , Likens Gene E. , Buso Donald C. , Lowe Winsor H. , Bailey Scott W. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Headwater streams are important sources of water for downstream ecosystems and human communities. These streams comprise the vast majority of stream and river kilometers in watersheds and affect regional water quality. However, the actual spatial variation of water quality in headwater streams is often unknown. Our study uses an unusually high-resolution spatial dataset from a headwater stream network and employs a statistical tool to objectively describe spatial patterns of streamwater chemistry within a stream network. This approach provides insights on how flowing water interacts with vegetation, soil, and geologic materials in the surrounding landscape. Application of this method may help to identify factors impairing water quality and to inform strategies for protecting aquatic ecosystems.
Conceptual dynamical models for turbulence
Authors: Majda Andrew J. , Lee Yoonsang 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Understanding the complexity of anisotropic turbulent processes in engineering and environmental fluid flows is a formidable challenge with practical significance because energy often flows intermittently from the smaller scales to impact the largest scales in these flows. These complex features strongly impact practical prediction, uncertainty quantification, and data assimilation strategies in such anisotropic turbulent systems. The large scales in turbulence are chaotic whereas the small scales with low variance have relatively frequent extreme events––intermittency––which can impact the large scales. Here conceptual dynamical models of turbulence are developed which, despite their simplicity, capture many of these key features of anisotropic turbulent systems in a qualitative fashion. The paper is a self-contained treatment of these conceptual models and their properties.
Modulation of a voltage-gated Na+channel by sevoflurane involves multiple sites and distinct mechanisms
Authors: Barber Annika F. , Carnevale Vincenzo , Klein Michael L. , Eckenhoff Roderic G. , Covarrubias Manuel 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceUnderstanding of the mechanisms of modulation of voltage-gated Na+(NaV) channels by general anesthetic agents such as sevoflurane is critical to interpret their role in general anesthesia. By using the bacterial NaVchannel analogue NaChBac plus a combination of computational and electrophysiological analyses, this work strongly suggests a multisite mechanism of sevoflurane action on NaVchannels. Furthermore, computer simulations suggest specific putative anesthetic sites worthy of further investigation.
Schubert and the Construction of Memory: The String Quartet in A minor, D.804 (‘Rosamunde’)
Authors: Taylor Benedict 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAs well over a century of reception history attests, qualities of memory, reminiscence and nostalgia seem to constitute some of the most characteristic attributes of Schubert's music. Yet despite the undoubted allure of this subject and its popularity in recent years, the means by which music may suggest the actions of memory and temporal consciousness are often unclear or under-theorized in scholarship. This article examines how such nostalgic subjectivities are constructed in Schubert's music and the language used to describe it. Rather than overturning the now habitual associations between Schubert and memory, the article seeks to question more deeply how they are, and indeed might better be, supported. It looks principally at the String Quartet in A minor, D.804 (‘Rosamunde’), and draws further on such staples of the Schubertian memory discourse as the Quartet in G, D.887, and the Piano Sonata in B♭, D.960.