bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal mode decomposition for unsteady flows
Authors: Wynn A. , Pearson D. S. , Ganapathisubramani B. , Goulart P. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA new method, herein referred to as optimal mode decomposition (OMD), of finding a linear model to describe the evolution of a fluid flow is presented. The method estimates the linear dynamics of a high-dimensional system which is first projected onto a subspace of a user-defined fixed rank. An iterative procedure is used to find the optimal combination of linear model and subspace that minimizes the system residual error. The OMD method is shown to be a generalization of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), in which the subspace is not optimized but rather fixed to be the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes. Furthermore, OMD is shown to provide an approximation to the Koopman modes and eigenvalues of the underlying system. A comparison between OMD and DMD is made using both a synthetic waveform and an experimental data set. The OMD technique is shown to have lower residual errors than DMD and is shown on a synthetic waveform to provide more accurate estimates of the system eigenvalues. This new method can be used with experimental and numerical data to calculate the ‘optimal’ low-order model with a user-defined rank that best captures the system dynamics of unsteady and turbulent flows.
Stall onset on aerofoils at low to moderately high Reynolds number flows
Authors: Morris Wallace J. , Rusak Zvi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe inception of leading-edge stall on stationary, two-dimensional, smooth, thin aerofoils at low to moderately high chord Reynolds number flows is investigated by a reduced-order, multiscale model problem via numerical simulations. The asymptotic theory demonstrates that a subsonic flow about a thin aerofoil can be described in terms of an outer region, around most of the aerofoil’s chord, and an inner region, around the nose, that asymptotically match each other. The flow in the outer region is dominated by the classical thin aerofoil theory. Scaled (magnified) coordinates and a modified (smaller) Reynolds number $(R{e}_{M} )$ are used to correctly account for the nonlinear behaviour and extreme velocity changes in the inner region, where both the near-stagnation and high suction areas occur. It results in a model problem of a uniform, incompressible and viscous flow past a semi-infinite parabola with a far-field circulation governed by a parameter $\tilde {A} $ that is related to the aerofoil’s angle of attack, nose radius of curvature, thickness ratio, and camber. The model flow problem is solved for various values of $\tilde {A} $ through numerical simulations based on the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. The value ${\tilde {A} }_{s} $ where a global separation zone first erupts in the nose flow, accompanied by loss of peak streamwise velocity ahead of it and change in shedding frequency behind it, is determined as a function of $R{e}_{M} $. These values indicate the stall onset on the aerofoil at various flow conditions. It is found that ${\tilde {A} }_{s} $ decreases with $R{e}_{M} $ until some limit $R{e}_{M} $ (${\sim }300$) and then increases with further increase of Reynolds number. At low values of $R{e}_{M} $ the flow is laminar and steady, even when stall occurs. The flow in this regime is dominated by the increasing effect of the adverse pressure gradient, which eventually overcomes the ability of the viscous stress to keep the boundary layer attached to the aerofoil. The change in the nature of stall at the limit $R{e}_{M} $ is attributed to the appearance of downstream travelling waves in the boundary layer that shed from the marginal separation zone and grow in size with either $\tilde {A} $ or $R{e}_{M} $. These unsteady, convective vortical structures relax the effect of the adverse pressure gradient on the viscous boundary layer to delay the onset of stall in the mean flow to higher values of ${\tilde {A} }_{s} $. Computed results show agreement with marginal separation theory at low $R{e}_{M} $ and with available experimental data at higher $R{e}_{M} $. This simplified approach provides a universal criterion to determine the stall angle of stationary thin aerofoils with a parabolic nose.
Why Do Hedge Funds Avoid Disclosure? Evidence from Confidential 13F Filings
Authors: Aragon George O. , Hertzel Michael , Shi Zhen 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe study a sample of Form 13F filings where fund advisors seek confidential treatment for some or all of their 13(f)-reportable positions. Consistent with the hypothesis that managers seek confidentiality to protect proprietary information, we find that confidential positions earn positive and significant abnormal returns over the post-filing confidential period. We also find that managers are more likely to seek confidential treatment of illiquid positions that are more susceptible to front-running. Overall, our analysis highlights important benefits of reduced disclosure that are relevant to the current policy debate on hedge fund transparency.
Paradiplozoon vaalense n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) from the gills of moggel, Labeo umbratus (Smith, 1841), in the Vaal River System, South Africa
Authors: Dos Santos Q.M. , van Vuuren B. Jansen , Avenant-Oldewage A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn unidentified monogenean diplozoid species was collected from the gills of moggel in the Vaal River and Vaal Dam, South Africa. Specimens were removed from gills of the hosts and observed using light and electron microscopy to compare these diplozoids with known species. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal gene was amplified, sequenced and compared to that of other diplozoid taxa. Morphological species delimitation was used to determine the identity of these diplozoids, but they did not match the description of any diplozoid taxa. This species is recognized by the specific size of the hooks, number of plicae in posterior and trapezoid anterior projection of the median sclerite connecting to the clamp jaws via a single sclerite, occasionally with two small additional sclerites. Genetic characteristics based on sequence data from the ITS2 region also distinguish this taxon from all other diplozoid taxa. This South African diplozoid grouped in the same clade as Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon Avenant-Oldewage, 2013. Data clearly indicate that diplozoids collected from moggel represent a new, distinct taxon of Paradiplozoon Akhmerov, 1974 and are described here as Paradiplozoon vaalense n. sp.
The Genitive ὈΔΥΣΕΥΣ (OD. 24.398) and Homer's ‘Awkward’ Parentheses
Authors: Currie Bruno 
Published: September 2013

AbstractModern editions read Ὀδυσεῦς, a contracted genitive singular, at Od. 24.398: an anomalous form, which fuels the case for the inauthenticity of the end of the Odyssey. We should consider rather reinstating the reading of the ‘vulgate’, Ὀδυσεῦς (nominative). This yields a different syntax: a rapid double change of subject or, equivalently, a parenthesis interrupting the flow of the sentence. This possibility, raised and dismissed by Eustathius, goes unmentioned by modern scholars, who are often in general (unlike their second-century counterpart Nicanor) ill-disposed to Homeric parentheses. A survey of Homeric parentheses shows the phenomenon in general and the specific instance postulated at Od. 24.398 to be unobjectionable. The validity of the terms ‘parenthesis’ and ‘sentence’ for Homeric discourse is also defended.
Rethinking the Hellenistic Gulf: The New Greek Inscription from Bahrain
Authors: Kosmin Paul 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe recent discovery in Bahrain of a Greek inscription, dating to the 120s BC, transforms our understanding of the Arab-Persian Gulf in the Hellenistic period. The inscription, recording the dedication of a shrine to the Dioskouroi on behalf of the first independent king of Characene, indicates that Bahrain was a garrisoned node within the Seleucid Empire and the centre of the previously unknown archipelagic administrative district ‘Tylos (Bahrain) and the Islands’. Seleucid and Characenian control of Bahrain is placed within the longue durée political history of relations between southern Mesopotamia and Dilmun. The cultic dedication to the Dioskouroi traces the consciously Hellenizing modalities of Characenian emancipation from the Seleucid Empire and the development of a coherent maritime religious network in the Gulf.
The Aorist Infinitives in -EEIN in Early Greek Hexameter Poetry
Authors: Nikolaev Alexander 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the distribution of thematic infinitive endings in early Greek epic in the context of the long-standing debate about the transmission and development of Homeric epic diction. There are no aorist infinitives in -έμεν in Homer which would scan as ◡◡ – before a consonant or caesura (for example *βαλέμεν): instead we find unexplained forms in -έειν (for example βαλέειν). It is argued that this artificially ‘distended’ ending -έειν should be viewed as an actual analogical innovation of the poetic language, resulting from a proportional analogy to the ‘liquid’ futures. The total absence of aoristic -έειν in Hesiod is unlikely to be coincidental: the analogical form must have been the product of a specifically East Ionic Kunstsprache, and so could have been simply unknown in some other Ionian school of epic poetry where Hesiod was trained. Finally, the striking avoidance of anapaestic aorist infinitives in -έειν is argued to be explained better under the ‘diffusionist’ approach to the Aeolic elements in Homeric diction than under the ‘Aeolic phase’ theory.
The Future Optative in Greek Documentary and Grammatical Papyri
Authors: O'Sullivan Neil 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe neglected area of later Greek syntax is explored here with reference to the future optative. This form of the verb first appeared early in the classical age but virtually disappeared during the Hellenistic era. Under the influence of Atticism it reappeared in later literary texts, and this paper is concerned largely with its revival in late legal and epistolary texts on papyrus from Egypt. It is used mainly in set legal phrases of remote future conditions, but we also see it in letters to express wishes (again, largely formulaic) for the future, both of which uses are foreign to Attic Greek. Finally, the future optative's appearance in conjugations on grammatical papyri from Egypt is used to demonstrate the form's presence in education even at the end of the classical world there, with the archive of Dioscorus of Aphrodito uniquely showing both this theoretical knowledge of it and examples of its application in legal documents.
Filipino Health Care Aides and the Nursing Home Labour Market in Winnipeg
Authors: Novek Sheila 
Published: September 2013

RÉSUMÉLes maisons de soins infirmiers au Canada sont devenues de plus en plus dépendante des aides soignants immigrants. Plus qu’aucun autre groupe ethnique, les femmes philippines sont surrépresentées parmi les aidants (aides soignantes) dans le système de soins de santé canadien. Cette étude qualitative a exploré les expériences d’emploi des aides soignants immigrantes dans les maisons de soins infirmiers, de leurs points de vues, ainsi que ceux des intervenants. Quatorze entrevues ont été menées à Winnipeg, au Manitoba, avec aides de soins de santé philippines et avec les intervenants de soins de longue durée. Les résultats indiquaient que les réseaux sociaux immigrants agissent comme des voies reliant les femmes immigrantes des opportunités d’emploi dans les maisons des soins infirmiers. La composition de la main-d’œuvre est également faconnée par les stratégies de gestion et les ajustements du marché du travail, qui répondent à et renforcent ces réseaux sociaux. Ces résultats ont des implications pour la planification de la main-d’œuvre et la qualité de la prestation de soins dans les maisons de soins infirmiers.
Expression analysis of seed-specific genes in four angiosperm species with an emphasis on the unconserved expression patterns of homologous genes
Authors: Ma Lichao , Wang Yanrong , Liu Wenxian , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMedicago truncatula, soybean (Glycine max), Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) all belong to the core angiosperm group of plants. Seed-specific genes are important for seed formation and development in these angiosperms. The identification of genes specifically expressed in angiosperm seeds and the comparison of the expression patterns of homologous genes among different angiosperm species can provide novel insights into the functions of genes that control seed development and the evolution of angiosperms. We downloaded the sequences and expression data from the relevant databases, and the seed-specific expression of genes was identified with cut-offs of a gene expression level ratio ≥ 5 and a Z-score ≥ 6. The genes were analysed using local BLAST software with an E-value ≤ 1.0E − 505. A total of 605, 581, 778 and 722 genes showed specific expression in the seeds of Medicago, soybean, Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. Additionally, we compared the expression patterns of seed-specific genes from each species with their homologues in the other three species, and found that the degree of variation in the expression patterns of homologous genes was low among closely related species but higher among more distantly related ones. The discrepancy between the homologous gene expression patterns may be caused by the different characteristics of the cis-elements in the promoter regions of the homologous genes.
Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children
Authors: Andaki Alynne Christian Ribeiro , Tinôco Adelson Luiz Araújo , Mendes Edmar Lacerda , Andaki Júnior Roberto , Hills Andrew P , Amorim Paulo Roberto S 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of anthropometric measures and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children.DesignCross-sectional study with children from public and private schools. Children underwent an anthropometric assessment, blood pressure measurement and biochemical evaluation of serum for determination of TAG, HDL-cholesterol and glucose. Physical activity level was calculated and number of steps per day obtained using a pedometer for seven consecutive days.SettingViçosa, south-eastern Brazil.SubjectsBoys and girls (n 187), mean age 9·90 (sd 0·7) years.ResultsConicity index, sum of four skinfolds, physical activity level and number of steps per day were accurate in predicting MetS in boys. Anthropometric indicators were accurate in predicting MetS for girls, specifically BMI, waist circumference measured at the narrowest point and at the level of the umbilicus, four skinfold thickness measures evaluated separately, the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, the sum of four skinfolds and body fat percentage.ConclusionsThe sum of four skinfolds was the most accurate method in predicting MetS in both genders.
Trends in thinness prevalence among adolescents in ten European countries and the USA (1998–2006): a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lazzeri Giacomo , Rossi Stefania , Kelly Colette , Vereecken Carine , Ahluwalia Namanjeet , Giacchi Mariano V 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of ‘graded thinness’ in children aged 11, 13 and 15 years in eleven developed countries and to identify trends in the prevalence of ‘thinness’ (BMI < 17 kg/m2at age 18 years) by age and gender.DesignCross-sectional study using data collected through self-reported questionnaires.SettingData were taken from the 1997/1998, 2001/2002 and 2005/2006 surveys of the Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study.SubjectsChildren and adolescents from ten European countries and the USA (n158 000).ResultsPrevalence of grades 1, 2 and 3 of thinness was higher among 11-year-old students compared with the 13- and 15-year-olds in all countries. A higher prevalence of thinness was observed in girls than in boys. Since 1998 the prevalence of thinness decreased steadily in Czech boys and girls, while it increased for French girls. In the total European sample of females, thinness decreased from 1998 to 2006 (χ2for trend,P< 0·01). Age-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that Czech boys and girls, and Flemish and American girls were less likely to be thin in 2006 than in 1998; while a noteworthy increment, even if borderline significant, was observed for French girls with a 41 % increase in the likelihood to be thin.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that thinness is an important overlooked phenomenon with wide variation in prevalence and trends across developed countries. It deserves further longitudinal studies in a multinational context that could increase the understanding of the factors associated with thinness and contribute to developing preventive and nutritional programmes targeted at controlling obesity and chronic diseases, while monitoring thinness.
Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeogene ziphodont eusuchians and the status ofPristichampsusGervais, 1853
Authors: Brochu Christopher A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTEusuchians with deep snouts and labiolingually compressed teeth are known from the Palaeogene of Laurasia. These are usually referred to Pristichampsinae, but the type species,Pristichampsus rollinati, is based on insufficiently diagnostic material and should be treated as a nomen dubium. At least two Lutetian species formerly referred toPristichampsuscan be recognised –Boverisuchus magnifronsin Germany and possibly elsewhere in Europe, andBoverisuchus vorax, new combination, in western North America. Material from the middle Eocene of Italy and Texas may represent distinct species. A phylogenetic analysis confirms their close relationship and also supports a relationship with two Asian forms – early EocenePlanocrania datangensisand PalaeocenePlanocrania hengdongensis. The name Planocraniidae Li 1976 is applied to this group. A distinctive quadrate with a prominent dorsal peak between medial and lateral hemicondyles is known only inBoverisuchus, and although the teeth ofPlanocraniaare flattened, they are not serrated. Planocraniids maintain a phylogenetic position as the sister group to Crocodyloidea+Alligatoroidea, but this part of the tree is unstable and discovery of older, more primitive planocraniids will help resolve conflicts on the phylogenetic relationships of extant crocodylian lineages.
Social support in depression: structural and functional factors, perceived control and help-seeking
Authors: Kleinberg A. , Aluoja A. , Vasar V. 
Published: September 2013

Aims.This study examined the associations of social support, loneliness and locus of control with depression and help-seeking in persons with major depression.Methods.Twelve-month help-seeking for emotional problems was assessed in a cross-sectional 2006 Estonian Health Survey. Non-institutionalized individuals aged 18–84 years (n = 6105) were interviewed. A major depressive episode was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Factors describing social support, social and emotional loneliness and locus of control were assessed, and their associations with depression were analysed. The associations with reported help-seeking behaviour among people identified as having a major depressive episode (n = 343) were explored.Results.Low frequency of contacts with one's friends and parents, emotional loneliness, external locus of control and emotional dissatisfaction with couple relations were significant factors predicting depression in the multivariate model. External locus of control was associated with help-seeking in the depressed sample. Interactions of emotional loneliness, locus of control and frequency of contacts with parents significantly predicted help-seeking in the depressed sample.Conclusions.Depression is associated with structural and functional factors of social support and locus of control. Help-seeking of depressed persons depends on locus of control, interactions of emotional loneliness, locus of control and contacts with the parental family.
Dual lipidation of the brain-specific Cdc42 isoform regulates its functional properties
Authors: Wirth Alexander , Chen-Wacker Chen , Wu Yao-Wen , Gorinski Nataliya , Filippov Mikhail A. , Pandey Ghanshyam , Ponimaskin Evgeni 
Published: September 2013

Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) is a member of the Rho GTPase family which regulates a variety of cellular activities by controlling actin cytoskeleton and gene expression. Cdc42 is expressed in the form of two splice variants. The canonical Cdc42 isoform is prenylated (Cdc42-prenyl), whereas the brainspecific isoform can be palmitoylated (Cdc42-palm). In the present study we have demonstrated palmitoylation of endogenous Cdc42 in rodent and human brains and identified Cys188 and Cys189 as acylation sites of Cdc42-palm. Moreover, we have shown that Cys188 can also be prenylated. Analysis of acylation-deficient mutants revealed that lipidation of Cys188 is essential for proper membrane binding of Cdc42-palm as well as for Cdc42-mediated regulation of gene transcription and induction of densely packed filopodia in neuroblastoma cells. We also found that Cdc42-prenyl is a dominant splice variant in a wide range of commonly used cell lines as well as in the cerebellum, whereas Cdc42-palm is the main Cdc42 isoform in hippocampus, where it is critically involved in the formation of dendritic filopodia and spines. Replacement of endogenous Cdc42 by its acylation-deficient mutants revealed the importance of Cdc42-palm lipidation for its morphogenic and synaptogenic effects in neurons. These findings demonstrate that dual lipidation of Cdc42-palm represents an important regulator of morphogenic signalling in hippocampal neurons.
High‐speed direct modulation unidirectional emission microring lasers
Authors: Lv Xiao‐Meng , Huang Yong‐Zhen , Zou Ling‐Xiu , Long Heng , Xiao Jin‐Long , Yang Yue‐De , Du Yun 
Published: September 2013

A InAlGaAs/InP microring laser with a ring width of 5 µm and an external radius of 10 µm, connected with a 2 µm‐wide output waveguide, is fabricated by the planar technology process. Continuous‐wave lasing operation is realised with a threshold current of 3 mA at 298 K, and 3 dB bandwidths of 10.8 and 8.7 GHz are obtained at the injection currents of 12 mA at 291 and 298 K, respectively.
UWB monocycle pulse generation based on colourless silicon photonic integrated circuit
Authors: Xu Ke , Cheng Zhenzhou , Wong Chi Yan , Tsang Hon Ki 
Published: September 2013

Ultra‐wideband monocycle pulse generation is experimentally demonstrated on a silicon photonic circuit with a monolithically integrated wavelength‐tunable phase‐intensity modulation converter and a waveguide germanium photodetector. A fractional bandwidth of 166% is achieved and modulation with a 2.5 Gbit/s test data pattern was demonstrated.
Tri‐band rectangle‐loaded monopole antenna with inverted‐L slot for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Chen H. , Yang X. , Yin Y.‐Z. , Wu J.‐J. , Cai Y.‐M. 
Published: September 2013

A novel coplanar waveguide‐fed tri‐band monopole antenna with a compact radiator (10 × 23 mm2) for WLAN/WiMAX applications is presented. By etching properly an inverted‐L slot on the straight strip loaded with a rectangular tuning patch and further adjusting the dimensions and positions of these structures, three distinct wide bands can be achieved. The measured and simulated results show that the proposed antenna has 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 470 MHz (2.38–2.85 GHz), 360 MHz (3.36–3.72 GHz) and 890 MHz (4.98–5.87 GHz) to cover all the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. Also, the proposed antenna produces good dipole‐like radiation pattern over the covering bands.