bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NP in glaucoma – pitfalls and promises?
Authors: SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the last 25 years the pharmacological spectrum for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) has increased drastically. As such many patients have their IOP lowered using topical medications. Evidence has, however, accumulated that some patients show visual field deterioration despite low IOP values. As such there is a clinical need for neuroprotective strategies that rescue retinal ganglion cells. Implementation of this concept is, however, not easy. A variety of mechanisms that may contribute to ganglion cell death have been identified, but the interplay of these pathways is largely unknown. As such doubts have been raised whether targeting a single pathway can be successful, which is a major problem in terms of drug approval. In addition, it is not entirely clear which end points should be used in clinical trials focusing on neuroprotection. Nevertheless, the hope to treat progressive glaucoma at low IOPs comes for neuroprotective strategies.
An update on ocular surface reconctruction with the amniotic membrane
Authors: GICQUEL J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCryopreserved and Dried amniotic membrane (AM) can be a useful therapeutic adjunct in ophthalmic surgery. Differences in preservation techniques can significantly improve biochemical composition and physical properties of AM, potentially affecting clinical efficacy. There is a considerable variation in growth factors content of the Amniotic Membrane, between and within donors. This is further affected by handling of the AM. Such variations could affect the clinical efficacy of tissue constructs. Current use of AM for ex vivo expansion or surgery is not standardized and remains an area of concern. In this session, through practical clinical cases, we will apprehend the various modern surgical techniques, involving the use of amniotic membrane in ophthalmology.
Irradiation treatment of choroidal hemangiomas
Authors: ZOGRAFOS L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe advanced course of radiotherapy in ophtalmology covers all the technical and medical details of irradiation treatment in occular oncology. Following an historical overview of the evolution of occular radiotherapy all the modern technics of occular radiotherapy are described. The Brachytherapy and Teletherapy with Proton beam of uvual melanomas the irradiation treatment of choroidal hemangiomas, the irradiation treatment of metastatic tumors and lymphomas as well as radiotherapy of pediatric tumors are clearly illustrated.
Performance of advanced technologies for community‐based glaucoma case‐finding
Authors: LAWRENSON J , DABASIA P , EDGAR D , GARWAY‐HEATH D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To identify if the Frequency Doubling Technology perimeter (FDT), Moorfields Motion Displacement Test (MDT), iVue Optical Coherence Tomographer (OCT) and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA), alone or in combination, improve case detection of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in a population aged over 59 years.Methods 505 volunteers aged 60 to 92 years (median age 68) completed all 4 screening tests conducted without knowledge of subjects’ ocular status. FDT and MDT were used in suprathreshold mode. iVue OCT measured ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Each subject then received a full ophthalmic examination by an experienced clinician, masked to preceding test results. Based on this evaluation, subjects were classified as normal, glaucoma suspects or POAG (defined as an open drainage angle, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and glaucomatous field defects).Results Based on the reference standard examination, 26 (5.1%) subjects were classified as POAG, and 32 (6.4%) suspect glaucoma. Sensitivity at 90% specificity for detection of POAG was 63% (95% CI: 39 to 82) for FDT, 54% (33 to 74) for MDT, and 82% (64 to 95) for best performing OCT parameter (inferior RNFL thickness). Using these criteria, partial AUROC was significantly greater for inferior RNFL thickness than other tests (p=<0.01).The probability of having POAG increased substantially when best‐performing criteria were combined for perimetry, iVue OCT and ORA.Conclusion Diagnostic performance of individual tests gave acceptable accuracy for POAG detection in a representative sample of elderly subjects. For case‐finding, our study supports combining retinal nerve fibre layer thickness analysis with performance on vision‐function tests.
Cataract surgery in infants: should I implant an IOL?
Authors: VANDERVEEN D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractImplantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) in infancy remains controversial, and the decision about implantation may be driven by many factors. Some of these factors include age of the infant, unilateral vs bilateral status, presence of other ocular abnormalities, age at surgery, socioeconomic status of the family, environmental conditions, and surgeon preference and expertise. The risks and benefits of alternatives for correction of aphakia in infants will be reviewed, and current practice strategies in the United States discussed. The results of the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study, a randomized prospective multicenter study, can also help decision making in this context. This study showed, to age 5 years, similar visual outcomes for infants who had IOL vs. contact lens correction of unilateral aphakia. However, there was a higher rate of adverse events (81% vs 56% eyes) and additional intraocular surgeries (72% vs 21%) in the group receiving primary IOL implantation compared to the group treated with an aphakic contact lens. These risks should be weighed with regard to the other factors at play in each case of infantile cataract.
The initial consultation
Authors: SPILEERS W 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA patient reporting flashing lights, shimmering, positive scotoma, hallucinations, .. .needs a full (neuro‐)ophthalmological work‐up. The ophthalmological work‐up includes visual acuity testing, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment, examination of the fundus. In selected cases, more specific ophthalmic testing such as visual electrophysiology is needed. Sometimes a general work up is indicated. The different neuro‐ophthalmological causes of reporting positive phenomena will be introduced.
Silencing HuR: a new potential pharmacological strategy to target VEGF
Authors: AMADIO M , PASCALE A , GOVONI S , DRAGO F , BUCOLO C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose VEGF, a key element in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), is regulated at post‐transcriptional level by HuR protein (mRNA‐stabilizing human Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision protein), which binds to VEGF mRNA and, following diabetes‐induction, positively affects its expression. We investigated the effect of the in vivo administration of a silencing RNA (siRNA) which down‐regulates HuR expression on the diabetes‐induced VEGF increase.Methods Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (Amadio et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 80: 1230–1237, 2010). After 24 h from STZ injection, 2.5µM siRNA (commercially available) against HuR was intravitreally administered. Animals were sacrificed 48 h after siRNA injection and retinal tissues collected. HuR and VEGF retinal protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting and ELISA, respectively.Results siRNA treatment blunts HuR protein increase in STZ rat retina (mean gray level ratio of HuR/α‐tubulin ± S.E.M.: CTR 100% ± 4.8; CTR+siRNA 99% ± 9.3; STZ 147% ± 7.5; STZ+siRNA 109% ± 7.3; p<0.0001 STZ+siRNA vs. STZ) and, as a consequence, dampened VEGF production (STZ+siRNA 9.5 pg/mg ± 3.5 vs. STZ 18.2 pg/mg ± 4.2; p<0.05).Conclusion HuR protein represents a novel pharmacological target useful to counteract pathologies implicating VEGF deregulation, such as DR.
How to get your research published?
Authors: PLEYER U , STEFANSSON E , KIVELÄ T , DUA H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractResearchers often face the challenge of getting their work published. The goal of this session will be to provide some keys to write a high quality paper that will help to transform your ideas and findings into a research article. The panelists will discuss major aspects of the editorial process including basic decisions,e.g. where to submit your work, how to organize and prepare a manuscript and how to deal with the review process. We will raise the discussion on issues like: ‐ How to choose a journal? ‐ How to organize your paper? ‐ What are the characteristics of a good manuscript? ‐ How to interpret the letter from the editor? ‐ How to write a good reply to the reviewers? ‐ What to do when your paper is rejected? In addition, the personal view from an authors and editors perspective will be given in a vivid discussion with the participants.
The invention of the contact lenses (1888)
Authors: HEITZ R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn March 1888 appeared in the Archiv für Augenheilkunde an article entitled "Eine Contactbrille" submitted by Adolf Eugen Fick, lecturer at the University of Zurich. This paper and his English translation, published the same month in the Archives of Ophthalmology as "A Contact‐lens", described the first clinical application of a contact lenses. The analyze of Fick's article, of a memo on June 1887 send in a sealed envelope of the Saxon Academy of Science, and of five letters send to Professor Ernst Karl Abbe in Jena between June and October 1887, permit to describe this innovative step in the history of both corneal refractive neutralization and contact lenses. Key‐words: Contact lenses, Invention, Adolf Eugen Fick, Year 1888.
Optics of light scattering in the human eye lens
Authors: VAN DEN BERG T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe visual phenomenon of radiation of light around a bright light source (“ciliary corona”, glare, quantified as straylight) is known as result of forward light scattering in the eye. The slitlamp image (or the Scheimpflug image) of the human eye lens, results from backward light scattering. Solid physical theory exists for the relation between characteristics of the scattering elements, and the angular and wavelength dependence of the scattered light. Reversely from angular and wavelength dependence predictions for the scattering elements can be derived. Optical bench study of human eye lenses will be presented. Backward scatter is found to contain two components; a wavelength independent and strongly localized component identified as “Wasserspalten”, and a Rayleigh type component diffusely localized throughout the lens, originating from the crystalline molecules. The degree of ordering of the crystallines is critical for the size of this component. Forward scatter is dominated by particles of around 1 micrometer size. So, different processes govern forward and backward scatter, explaining why the slit image is not an accurate predictor of forward scatter or straylight.
Commercial interest
Incidense of iris melanomas in Denmark from 1942‐2013
Authors: JøRGENSEN A , WADT K , HEEGAARD S , PRAUSE J , KIILGAARD J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To estimate the incidence of iris melanoma in Denmark from 1942‐2013 as well as the age distribution of the patients and specific location of the tumor.Methods Retrospective, nonrandomized clinical case series including all patients with a clincal diagnosis of iris melanoma over 71 years. For all patients age, sex and specific location were registered.Results From 1942‐2013 a total of 389 cases were registered and 353 cases were treated (173 males, 116 females). This means an average of 5.6 cases/year in an average population of 5 million. A significant increase in the number of cases was found during the study period. The mean age at presentation of the surgically removed iris melanoma was 56 years (range 7 – 92). There were 11 (3,12 %) tumours in children and teenagers (≤20 years), 58 (16,43 %) in young adults (21‐40 years), 117 (33,14 %) in mid adults (41‐60 years) and 167 (47,30 %) in seniors (> 61 years). Location was described in 167 cases with 143 cases (85 %) inferior and 24 (15 %) superior in the iris.Conclusion An increase in the incidence of iris melanomas in Denmark has been observed. In 85% of all cases the iris melanoma was located in the inferior part of the iris.
Vascular optic neuropathies versus glaucomatous optic neuropathy
Authors: SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGlaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by excavation of the optic nerve head and associated visual field changes. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for glaucoma. The pathophysiology of glaucoma is not well understood, but mechanical compression of the optic nerve head (ONH) appears to play a role. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the second most common cause of optic nerve‐related loss of vision and comprises non‐arteritic AION (NAION) and arteritic AION (AAION). Factors that help in separating AION cases from glaucoma cases are: IOP is typically in the normal range or reduced, ONH cupping does not involve the peripapillary zones, visual field loss usually occurs in the central or cecocentral visual field and disk pallor. Whereas AION is ischemic in nature, the vascular involvement in glaucoma is still a matter of debate. The difference in appearance of the two diseases does, however, not argue against the vascular component in glaucoma.
Does normal‐pressure glaucoma and high‐pressure glaucoma differ in the optic nerve head appearance?
Authors: BRON AM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMany studies have been published trying to find out some differences in the phenotype of normal‐pressure glaucoma (NPG) and high‐pressure glaucoma (HPG). The authors of these studies mainly focused on the “vascular signs”, the visual field and the optic nerve head (ONH) appearance of these 2 clinical presentations. However the debate is very controversial and several papers have reported that after all there is no difference in clinical presentation between NPG and HPG. In this review we will detail the pros and cons of each theory and we will provide the physician with useful practical tips leaving him/her with the following questions: Is the limit between NPG and HPG so tight? Can we find specific clinical characteristics of the ONH according to the clinical presentation? Should not we concentrate on the erroneous NPG diagnoses, i.e. the nonglaucomatous optic neuropathies?
Human limbal epithelial cells cultured on dense fibrillated collagen I transparent matrices
Authors: BORDERIE V , GHOUBAY D , MOSSER G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTransparent (78 to 84% at 580nm) collagen I fibrillated matrices have been synthesized at different concentrations making use of liquid crystal properties of collagen. The 90 mg/mL scaffold presents an organization that resembles the ones found in corneal stroma. Although matrices present low mechanical properties (with Young’s modulus of 2kPa at most) they allow development of an epithelium presenting the main characteristics of the corneal epithelial cells (expression of cytokertin 3 and presence of desmosomes) and maintenance of stemness during culture (i.e. expression of Delta N p63α and formation of holoclones in colony formation assay). Matrices with cultured cells feature higher transparency compared with matrices with no cells.
Age‐related changes of ocular parameters in an emmetropic Spanish healthy population
Authors: ZABADANI K , ASCASO FJ , HERRERA L , ESTEBAN O , MARTINEZ M , CARAMELLO C , PEREZ NAVARRO I , ALMENARA C , CASAS P , CRUZ N , CABEZON L , CRISTOBAL J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the age‐related variations of ocular parameters in an emmetropic Spanish healthy population.Methods We investigated 117 eyes of 117 healthy and emmetropic subjects. All patients were evaluated in the Department of Ophthalmology at the “Lozano Blesa” University Clinic Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain, between January and October 2013. Axial length (AL), refractive error (RE), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), foveal thickness (FT) and foveal volume (FV) were measured by using auto‐refractive keratometer, optical biometer and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), respectively.Results The mean RE was 0.09 ± 0.97 diopters (range, from ‐1.5 to +1.5 diopters); the mean AL was 23.08 ± 0.90 mm (range, 20.9‐24.5 mm); the mean SCT was 278.9 ± 113.2 µm (range, 57‐ 527 µm), the mean FT was 266.6 ± 21.1 µm (range, 210‐342 µm) and the mean FV was 0.20 ± 0.01 mm3 (range, 0.17‐0.27 mm3). In correlation analysis, from 20 to 89 years, subjects showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between age and RE (r=0.262, p=0.004), a negative and statistically significant correlation between age an AL (r= ‐ 0.198, p=0.045) and a negative correlation between age and SCT ( r= ‐ 0.468, p<0.001). There were no significant correlations between age and FT (r= 0.006 p=0.972), and between age and FV (r= 0.046, p=0.773).Conclusion SCT and AL decreased with aging RE increased with age. No correlation was found between age and either FT or FV.
Cilioretinal artery occlusion and protein S deficiency in pregnancy
Authors: CARAMELLO C , MATEO OROBIA AJ , HERRERA L , ZABADANI K , PINILLA I , PEREZ NAVARRO I , ALMENARA C , ESTEBAN O , ASCASO J , CASAS P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Protein S (PS) is a vitamin K‐dependent plasma protein that has antithrombotic effects. Congenital deficiency of PS is a relatively rare disorder characterized clinically by thrombosis in young people. Cilioretinal arteries are present in about 20% of individuals, supplying a variable territory of the inner retina and macula. To our knowledge, only three cases of branch retinal artery occlusion associated with PS deficiency have been reported.Methods We report the case of a 25 year‐old woman, 38 weeks pregnant, who developed cilioretinal artery branch occlusion in her left eye and who was found to have a PS deficiency. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left one. Fundoscopic examination showed an area of retinal pallor located on the posterior pole. Visual field study demonstrated a paracentral scotoma. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) showed retinal atrophy in the cilioretinal artery irrigation area. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer thickness was decrease in the papillomacular bundle.Results Blood analysis demonstrated that PS values recovered after childbirth. The BCVA was 20/20 in both eyes and the funduscopic exploration returned to normal.Conclusion When cilioretinal occlusion occurs, the extent of visual loss depends on the precise area of macular supply. Protein S defiency is another factor that should be considered in young patients with unexplained retinal vascular occlusion, particularly if it occurs during pregnancy.
The impact of intravitreal aflibercept on pigment epithelial detachement morphology in eyes with persistent subretinal fluid despite a minimum of 14 previous treatments with ranibizumab in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: PASU S , LUK S , MITRY D , KURUMTHOTTICAL M , YOUNIS S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (2.0 mg) in patients with treatment‐resistant neovascular age‐related macular degeneration.Methods Retrospective analysis of eyes treated with aflibercept with persistent subretinal and/or intraretinal fluid despite a minimum of 14 previous treatments with intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg). All patients were switched to intravitreal aflibercept (2.0 mg) and analyzed after 3 consecutive injections and at month 4 of treatment. Main outcome measures included change in visual acuity, central foveal thickness, and the height and diameter of the largest pigment epithelial detachment on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.Results Fifteen eyes of fifteen patients were analysed. The median number of previous injections of ranibizumab was 19 (IQR 15‐22). At month four, the mean visual acuity and central retinal thickness (CRT) did not change significantly from baseline: logMAR 0.64 (95%CI‐ 0.45‐0.83) and 0.65 (0.44‐0.89; p=0.5); CRT 282 μm (233‐333 μm) and 247 μm (201‐293 μm; p=0.06). However, the maximum pigment epithelial detachment height improved significantly from 279 μm (95%CI 124‐434 μm) to 195 μm (95%CI 65‐326 μm) (p=0.03) and pigment epithelial detachment diameter decreased significantly from 2,515 μm (95%CI 1,705‐3,3324μm) to 1,833 μm (95%CI 256‐1,106 μm) (p = 0.002).Conclusion Intravitreal injections of aflibercept resulted in a significant improvement in the maximum height and width of the PED in eyes with a minimum of 14 previous injections of ranibizumab.
Ophthalmologists play a key role in the management of syphilis presenting with ocular involvement
Authors: BONNIN N , LAURICHESSE H , BEYTOUT J , LESENS O , ANDRE M , AUMAITRE O , CHIAMBARETTA F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To provide the key role of ophthalmologists in the management of syphilis presenting with ocular involvement, describe the increase of patients diagnosed with syphilis infection presenting ophthalmological involvement and their clinical features.Methods Retrospective, observational case series analysis: patients were selected retrospectively based on serological criteria: VDRL>1 and TPHA>80, with upper cut‐off limit TPHA<320 and VDRL<4 (cases with VDRL <4 were retained if TPHA> 1280). Among these patients, patients presenting ophthalmological involvement were analyzed further.Results Over the 10‐year period, among 126 patients diagnosed with syphilis, 22 patients with various ocular involvements were treated. The resurgence of syphilis has also been registered in ophthalmology. Among the specialized departments, ophthalmology ranks second in number of cases of syphilis infection diagnosed: 77% of patients with ocular involvement are diagnosed in ophthalmology.Conclusion This underlines the central diagnostic role of ophthalmologists, as in cases of eye involvement, if ophthalmologists ignore the infection, diagnosis will rarely be picked up in other care units, especially given that visual symptoms are isolated in 80% of cases.
Eye AIDS patholgy evaluation by using ultrasound examination
Authors: KRIAUCIUNIENE L , BARZDZIUKAS V , LIUTKEVICIENE R , GUMBELEVICIUS A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Ultrasound B scan is an important diagnostic method in eye pathology. We want to demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasound B scan in early diagnosis of AIDS symptoms and structural changes in the eyes. 30 years old female with bilateral uveitis was examined. Patient had suddenly unilateral loss of vision acuity.Methods Patient undergo full ophthalmological examination and ultrasound B scan diagnostic examination.Results During 2 weeks patient noticed sudden loss of vision acuity. Slit lamp examination revealed acute anterior uveitis. Fundus examination revealed hard changes in vitreous body. In right eye we diagnosed vitreitis and in left eye was more intensive changes of endophthalmitis. During systemic treatment of toxoplasmosis and AIDS in right eye we noticed full process stabilisation. Acute retinal necrosis and full loss vision we noticed in left eye. Ultrasound B scan revealed only structural changes of vitreous in right eye and vitreous hemorrhages and total retina detachment in left eye.Conclusion We recommend early referral of cases of AIDS pathology in the eyes for baseline Ultrasound scan and follow up scan in 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months and for later time to detect underlying pathology.