bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appressorium‐localized NADPH oxidase B is essential for aggressiveness and pathogenicity in the host‐specific, toxin‐producing fungus Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype
Authors: Morita Yuichi , Hyon Gang‐Su , Hosogi Naoki , Miyata Nao , Nakayashiki Hitoshi , Muranaka Yoshinori , Inada Noriko , Park Pyoyun , Ikeda Kenichi 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBlack spot disease, Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype, produces the host‐specific toxin AK‐toxin, an important pathogenicity factor. Previously, we have found that hydrogen peroxide is produced in the hyphal cell wall at the plant–pathogen interaction site, suggesting that the fungal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation machinery is important for pathogenicity. In this study, we identified two NADPH oxidase (NoxA and NoxB) genes and produced nox disruption mutants. ΔnoxA and ΔnoxB disruption mutants showed increased hyphal branching and spore production per unit area. Surprisingly, only the ΔnoxB disruption mutant compromised disease symptoms. A fluorescent protein reporter assay revealed that only NoxB localized at the appressoria during pear leaf infection. In contrast, both NoxA and NoxB were highly expressed on the cellulose membrane, and these Nox proteins were also localized at the appressoria. In the ΔnoxB disruption mutant, we could not detect any necrotic lesions caused by AK‐toxin. Moreover, the ΔnoxB disruption mutant did not induce papilla formation on pear leaves. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the ΔnoxB disruption mutant also did not penetrate the cuticle layer. Moreover, ROS generation was not essential for penetration, suggesting that NoxB may have an unknown function in penetration. Taken together, our results suggest that NoxB is essential for aggressiveness and basal pathogenicity in A. alternata.
Identification of candidate effector genes in the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Haegeman Annelies , Bauters Lander , Kyndt Tina , Rahman Mohammad Masuder , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPlant‐parasitic nematodes secrete so‐called effectors into their host plant which are able to suppress the plant's defence responses, alter plant signalling pathways and, in the case of root knot nematodes, induce the formation of giant cells. Putative effectors have been successfully identified by genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola by 454 sequencing of second‐stage juveniles as well as mRNA‐seq of rice infected tissue. Over 350 000 reads derived from M. graminicola preparasitic juveniles were assembled, annotated and checked for homologues in different databases. From infected rice tissue, 1.4% of all reads generated were identified as being derived from the nematode. Using multiple strategies, several putative effector genes were identified, both pioneer genes and genes corresponding to already known effectors. To check whether these genes could be involved in the interaction with the plant, in situ hybridization was performed on a selection of genes to localize their expression in the nematode. Most were expressed in the gland cells or amphids of the nematode, confirming possible secretion of the proteins and hence a role in infection. Other putative effectors showed a different expression pattern, potentially linked with the excretory/secretory system. This transcriptome study is a good starting point to functionally investigate novel effectors derived from M. graminicola. This will lead to better insights into the interaction between these nematodes and the model plant rice. Moreover, the transcriptome can be used to identify possible target genes for RNA interference (RNAi)‐based control strategies. Four genes proved to be interesting targets by showing up to 40% higher mortality relative to the control treatment when soaked in gene‐specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
When birth comes early: Effects on nephrogenesis
Authors: Black Mary Jane , Sutherland Megan R , Gubhaju Lina , Kent Alison L , Dahlstrom Jane E , Moore Lynette 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPreterm birth (birth prior to 37 completed weeks of gestation) may occur at a time when the infant kidney is very immature and nephrogenesis is often ongoing. In autopsied preterm human kidneys and in a baboon model of preterm birth it has been shown that nephrogenesis continues after preterm birth, with a significant increase in the number of glomerular generations and number of nephrons formed within the kidney after birth. Of concern, however, morphologically abnormal glomeruli (with a cystic Bowman's space) are often observed; the abnormal glomeruli are only located in the outer renal cortex, suggesting that it is the recently formed glomeruli (perhaps those formed in the extra‐uterine environment) that are affected. The proportion of abnormal glomeruli within the renal cortex differs between infants with some kidneys appearing normal whereas others are severely affected. This suggests that it may be haemodynamic factors and/or factors in the neonatal care of the infant that lead to the glomerular abnormalities. Indeed, the haemodynamic transition at birth where there is a marked increase in systemic blood pressure and renal blood flow are likely to lead to injury of glomerular capillaries, although further studies are required to elucidate this. In order to optimize renal health at the beginning of life in the preterm infant, it is imperative in future studies to gain an understanding of the causes of the glomerular abnormalities in the preterm neonate.
Metabolic engineering and profiling of rice with increased lysine
Authors: Long Xiaohang , Liu Qiaoquan , Chan Manling , Wang Qing , Sun Samuel S. M. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryLysine (Lys) is the first limiting essential amino acid in rice, a stable food for half of the world population. Efforts, including genetic engineering, have not achieved a desirable level of Lys in rice. Here, we genetically engineered rice to increase Lys levels by expressing bacterial lysine feedback‐insensitive aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) to enhance Lys biosynthesis; through RNA interference of rice lysine ketoglutaric acid reductase/saccharopine dehydropine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH) to down‐regulate its catabolism; and by combined expression of AK and DHPS and interference of LKR/SDH to achieve both metabolic effects. In these transgenic plants, free Lys levels increased up to ~12‐fold in leaves and ~60‐fold in seeds, substantially greater than the 2.5‐fold increase in transgenic rice seeds reported by the only previous related study. To better understand the metabolic regulation of Lys accumulation in rice, metabolomic methods were employed to analyse the changes in metabolites of the Lys biosynthesis and catabolism pathways in leaves and seeds at different stages. Free Lys accumulation was mainly regulated by its biosynthesis in leaves and to a greater extent by catabolism in seeds. The transgenic plants did not show observable changes in plant growth and seed germination nor large changes in levels of asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) in leaves, which are the major amino acids transported into seeds. Although Lys was highly accumulated in leaves of certain transgenic lines, a corresponding higher Lys accumulation was not observed in seeds, suggesting that free Lys transport from leaves into seeds did not occur.
Pediatric Follicular Mucinosis: Presentation, Histopathology, Molecular Genetics, Treatment, and Outcomes over an 11‐Year Period at the Mayo Clinic
Authors: Alikhan Ali , Griffin John , Nguyen Nicholas , Davis Dawn Marie R. , Gibson Lawrence E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFollicular mucinosis (FM) and folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (MF) are rare in children, and data regarding long‐term outcomes are limited. We sought to describe clinical and histopathologic findings of children with FM with and without MF, as well as treatments administered and clinical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients younger than 22 years (at time of diagnosis) with a biopsy demonstrating FM who were seen in the Dermatology Department at the Mayo Clinic from September 1, 1999, to September 1, 2010. Eleven patients (six male, five female) ages 11 to 19 years at the time of diagnosis met the inclusion criteria. Follow‐up data were available for 10 patients, with a mean duration of 4.9 years. The head, neck, and extremities were the most common sites of involvement, and lesions were follicular‐based papules (18%), scaly alopecic patches and plaques (45%), or a combination of the two (36%). Overall, three patients were confirmed to have MF. T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement demonstrated clonality in two cases and was equivocal in one case. Treatments included topical corticosteroids, topical retinoids, oral minocycline, and, in patients with MF, ultraviolet light and topical bexarotene. Lesions resolved completely in seven patients, partially in one, and not at all in two (no follow‐up data on one patient). Of the three patients with MF, two had complete resolution, and one has intermittent flares. To our knowledge, no patients developed other lymphoproliferative disorders. FM in children is rare. A histopathologic diagnosis of FM does not equate to folliculotropic MF in all cases. Most patients responded to treatment with topical steroids, topical retinoids, or phototherapy. In our series of patients, the disease ran a benign course.
A 65‐Year‐Old Woman Diagnosed With PHACE Syndrome
Authors: Burch Ezra A. , Garzon Maria C. , Parikh Anuraag , Meyers Philip M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPHACE syndrome is characterized by the association between infantile hemangioma and varied but characteristic systemic manifestations, including cerebrovascular and cardiac abnormalities. The disorder has primarily been diagnosed in children, with little information available regarding long‐term outcomes in affected individuals. We report the oldest known individual with PHACE syndrome in the medical literature, a 65‐year‐old woman who was diagnosed after a transient ischemic attack.
Refractory Childhood Pemphigoid Successfully Treated with Rituximab
Authors: Fuertes Irene , Luelmo Jesús , Leal Lorena , Romaní Jorge , Sánchez Silvia , Mascaró José M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBullous pemphigoid is an acquired autoimmune blistering disorder affecting mostly elderly people that is rare in children. There have been fewer than 100 cases of childhood bullous pemphigoid reported. Childhood bullous pemphigoid (CBP) generally has a good prognosis. Remission is usually achieved within several weeks to a few months, and relapses are rare, although refractory cases can occur, and the disease may be life threatening, particularly when lesions generalize. Herein we describe the case of an infant with severe CBP refractory to multiple treatments. In our case, therapy with azathioprine and intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in a slight clinical response, but only combined with high doses of prednisolone. Administration of rituximab led to a complete clinical response and allowed almost complete steroid tapering. There are no current guidelines indicating what doses and frequency of rituximab are safest or most effective in children with blistering diseases.
A case of sterile transient neonatal pustulosis presenting with large flaccid pustules
Authors: Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Miyazono Yayoi , Kawachi Yasuhiro , Otsuka Fujio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe describe a female neonate with large flaccid pustules on her trunk and extremities. Cultures were negative, and a Wright‐stained smear of pustule contents showed numerous eosinophils (>90%). The pustules resolved without leaving pigmentation after 2 weeks. We diagnosed this case as sterile transient neonatal pustulosis.
Infantile Acne Treated with Oral Isotretinoin
Authors: Miller Iben Marie , Echeverría Begoña , Torrelo Antonio , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn contrast to adolescent acne, infantile acne (IA) is a rare condition with only a limited body of available literature. In this descriptive, retrospective study, we reviewed six cases from 2002 to 2010 treated with oral isotretinoin. The average age of onset was 6.16 months (range 0–21 mos). Consistent with the previous, limited literature, we found predominantly boys are affected, a predilection for the cheeks, and a polymorphic inflammatory morphology. Two patients had a family history of acne. All cases were successfully and safely treated with oral isotretinoin. The suggested treatment of childhood acne is similar to that of adolescents (graded according to the severity of the skin disease and risk of scarring). Oral isotretinoin appears to be an effective and safe treatment for severe IA.
Vesicular Eruption of Vacuum‐Assisted Delivery
Authors: Chadwick Preston W. , Heymann Warren R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVacuum‐assisted delivery has been associated with several complications, including rare vesicular eruptions. Herpes simplex virus has been cultured in a substantial portion of these cases. A case of vesicular eruption from vacuum‐assisted delivery is presented in a 1‐day‐old neonate. The patient was placed on empiric acyclovir until viral cultures and polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus were found to be negative. The lesions resolved without sequelae. The vesicular eruption of vacuum‐assisted delivery is probably secondary to mechanical trauma. Clinicians should be aware of the possible risk of herpes simplex virus infection, instituting antiviral therapy until this is excluded.
Segmental Ulcerated Perineal Hemangioma of Infancy: A Complex Case of PELVIS Syndrome Successfully Treated Using a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Kaushik Shivani B. , Kwatra Shawn G. , McLean Thomas W. , Powers Alexander , Atala Anthony J. , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report a case of PELVIS (perineal hemangioma, external genital malformations, lipomyelomeningocele, vesicorenal abnormalities, imperforate anus and skin tag) syndrome in which hemangioma in the perineal area was misdiagnosed at birth as diaper rash. Investigations revealed associated vesicorenal and spinal abnormalities. We emphasize careful diagnosis of suspicious lesions at birth and confirm the successful use of propranolol in treating ulcerated segmental hemangiomas.
De novo therapy with everolimus and reduced‐exposure cyclosporine following pediatric kidney transplantation: A prospective, multicenter, 12‐month study
Authors: Grushkin Carl , Mahan John D. , Mange Kevin C. , Hexham J.Mark , Ettenger Robert 
Published: December 2012

AbstractProspective data regarding the de novo use of everolimus following kidney transplantation in children are sparse. In a prospective, 12‐month, single‐arm, open‐label study, pediatric kidney transplant patients received everolimus (target trough concentration ≥3 ng/mL) with reduced‐exposure CsA and corticosteroids, with or without basiliximab induction. Sixteen of the 18 patients completed the study on‐treatment. Age range was 2–16 yr (mean 10.9 yr); eight patients received a living donor graft. Mean (s.d.) everolimus level was 7.4 (3.1) ng/mL during the first 12 months post‐transplant. There were no cases of BPAR, graft loss, or death during the study. Protocol biopsies were performed at month 12 in seven patients, with subclinical (untreated) acute rejection diagnosed in one case. Mean (s.d.) estimated GFR (Schwartz formula) was 98 (34) mL/min/1.73 m2 at month 12. Three patients experienced one or more serious adverse events with a suspected relation to study medication. One patient discontinued study medication due to post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (5.6%). Everolimus with reduced‐dose CsA and corticosteroids achieved good efficacy and renal function and was well tolerated in this small cohort of pediatric kidney transplant patients. Controlled trials are required to answer remaining questions about the optimal use of everolimus in this setting.
Incidentally detected cholangiocarcinoma in an explanted liver with biliary atresia after Kasai operation
Authors: Fukuda Akinari , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kanazawa Hiroyuki , Shigeta Takanobu , Karaki Chiaki , Hamano Ikumi , Uchida Hajime , Kitagawa Hiroaki , Okuse Chiaki , Miyazaki Osamu , Nosaka Shunsuke , Nakazawa Atsuko , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis report presents the case of a 30‐yr‐old woman with BA who developed incidental cholangiocarcinoma following the Kasai operation. She showed progressive liver dysfunction and cirrhosis at the age of 30 yr and underwent LDLT. A 4‐cm‐diameter liver tumor in the anastomotic site of portoenterostomy was incidentally found as a result of a pathological examination of the explanted native liver. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed to be intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Although cholangiocarcinoma in patients with BA has been previously reported in only three cases, it should be nevertheless always considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors during a long follow‐up course in patients with BA.
Women with Gynecologic Malignancies Have a Greater Incidence of Suicide than Women with Other Cancer Types
Authors: Ward Kristy K. , Roncancio Angelica M. , Plaxe Steven C. 
Published: December 2012

To evaluate risk of suicide of women with invasive gynecologic malignancies, the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (1973–2007) was queried. Suicide per 100,000 women with gynecologic malignancies was compared with that of women with other malignancies; suicide was 30% more likely in those with gynecologic malignancies. Most suicides occurred within 4 years of diagnosis. Better understanding of the descriptive epidemiology of suicide among women with gynecologic malignancies could lead to improved risk assessment, screening, and prevention of this potentially avoidable cause of death.
Insomnia Symptoms, Nightmares, and Suicide Risk: Duration of Sleep Disturbance Matters
Authors: R. Nadorff Michael , Nazem Sarra , Fiske Amy 
Published: December 2012

Duration of insomnia symptoms or nightmares was investigated to see if it was related to suicide risk independent of current insomnia symptoms, nightmares, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic symptoms. The cross‐sectional study involved analyses of survey responses from undergraduate students who endorsed either insomnia symptoms (n = 660) or nightmares (n = 312). Both insomnia symptom and nightmare duration were significantly associated with suicide risk independent of current insomnia symptoms or nightmares, respectively. Relations were also significant after controlling for anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic symptoms. Results suggest that duration of sleep disturbance is relevant when assessing suicide risk.
Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS®) removal of piperacillin/tazobactam in a patient with acetaminophen‐induced acute liver failure
Authors: Ruggero M.A. , Argento A.C. , Heavner M.S. , Topal J.E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to illustrate the pharmacokinetic removal of piperacillin/tazobactam in an anuric patient on Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS®). The patient was a 32‐year‐old woman who presented to a medical intensive care unit with acute liver failure secondary to an acetaminophen overdose. While awaiting transplant, she was started on MARS therapy as a bridge to liver transplant and empirically started on piperacillin/tazobactam therapy. MARS is an extracorporeal hemofiltration device, which incorporates a continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHD) machine linked to an albumin‐enriched dialysate filter to normalize excess electrolytes, metabolic waste, and protein‐bound toxins. In addition to protein‐bound waste, MARS removes water‐soluble, low molecular‐weight molecules. The patient received piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g infused intravenously over 3 h. A steep decline in serum levels occurred between hours 4 and 6 while MARS continued and no antibiotic was infused. The elimination rate constant (ke) for the removal of piperacillin in this patent was 0.453 h−1 and the half‐life (λ) was 1.53 h. The ke was 2.9‐fold higher than with CVVHD alone and the λ was 3.7‐fold shorter. Low levels of piperacillin are achieved during MARS therapy, but in the treatment of more resistant organisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, these low levels may not be adequate to achieve bactericidal activity. Drug levels following a standard infusion of 30 min would likely be even lower. Formalized pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam removal in patients on MARS therapy are necessary to make clear dosing recommendations.
Urbanization and Non‐communicable disease mortality in Thailand: an ecological correlation study
Authors: Angkurawaranon Chaisiri , Wattanatchariya Nisit , Doyle Pat , Nitsch Dorothea 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study provides strong evidence from an LMIC that urbanization is associated with mortality from three lifestyle‐associated diseases at an ecological level. Furthermore, our data suggest that both average household income and number of doctors per population are important factors to consider in ecological analyses of mortality.
Assessing the burden of human cysticercosis in Vietnam
Authors: Trung Dung Do , Praet Nicolas , Cam Thach Dang Thi , Lam Binh Vu Thi , Manh Hung Nguyen , Gabriël Sarah , Dorny Pierre 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the occurrence of cysticercosis in patients living in rural areas of Northern Vietnam presenting clinical signs of neurocysticercosis.MethodsSerological antigen detection, reflecting current infection with viable larval stages of Taenia solium, was used to estimate the prevalence of active cysticercosis in this patient population.ResultsThe seroprevalence in epileptic patient population was <10%. However, antigen detection cannot detect dead cysticerci, which may also cause clinical signs. Therefore, the seroprevalence figures shown here may underestimate the role of neurocysticercosis as a causal agent of epilepsy and headaches in this population.ConclusionsHuman and porcine cysticercosis remain public and veterinary public health problems in Northern Vietnam and probably in other parts of the country.