bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Art and Emotions
Authors: Noy Pinchas , Noy‐Sharav Dorit 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe article explores the different routes by which art, and especially music conveys and arouses emotions. Apart from the three formerly discussed routes: the narrative route of narration‐identification, the direct route of isomorphism and the indirect route of ego mastery, a fourth route is presented, based on the emotions produced by the listener himself as the result of his active attempt to process the musical input in his mind.This is a “Meta emotion” reflecting the sum‐total of all the disparate and opposing emotions conveyed or aroused by means of the other three routes.The point is made that the assimilation of classical polyphonic music, demands an active effort on the part of the listener. The same is true of other higher rank arts, each one of which has developed its specific means to transmit a wide spectrum of diverse emotions simultaneously. Attached to this challenge, there is the promise of earning a new experience – a Meta‐emotion emanating from the ability to integrate the contrarieties inside us. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensifying Efforts to Understand Music and Psychological Well‐being: How Federal Partnerships Have Helped Us
Authors: Iyengar Sunil 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article discusses three federal initiatives with potential for making significant contributions to the body of research on music and psychological well‐being. Each project involves creative collaborations across US government, and in each case the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) has played a catalytic role. The Interagency Task Force on the Arts and Human Development, a 17‐member alliance of federal agencies, has prompted a National Academies workshop sponsored by the NEA and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to explore research gaps and opportunities for studying music and art's relationship to the aging process. A prospective “music/arts module” on the National Children's Study may bring NIH and NEA researchers closer together to study music's effects on psychological well‐being at the other end of the lifespan. And the NEA's commitment to cosponsor delivery of neurological music therapy at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center will give such research a needed boost within the military health care establishment. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Aptamer‐Conjugated Nanorods for Targeted Photothermal Therapy of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Jian , Sefah Kwame , Altman Meghan B. , Chen Tao , You Mingxu , Zhao Zilong , Huang Cheng Zhi , Tan Weihong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractProstate cancer results in about 30 000 deaths annually in the United States, making it the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men in the Western world. Therefore, it is of great significance to capture and kill prostate cancer cells. It is well known that cancer stem cells are responsible for the maintenance and metastasis of tumors. This concept offers the possibility of developing a selective therapeutic approach in which cancer stem cells are directly targeted and killed. In this work, aptamers selected against DU145 prostate cancer cells (aptamer CSC1) and their subpopulation of cancer stem cells (aptamer CSC13) were linked to the surfaces of gold nanorods (AuNRs), and the resulting conjugates were successfully used to target and kill both cancer cells and cancer stem cells by near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Even though cancer stem cells represent only a small population among all cancer cells, the entire cell viability was very low after laser irradiation, suggesting that tumorigenesis could be successfully controlled by this aptamer‐based method, thus paving the way for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.
The substitution of marginal oil with biofuels
Authors: Pieprzyk Björn , Rojas Hilje Paula , Kortlüke Norbert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOur report analyzes the substitution of marginal oil with biofuels. For that, we evaluate the effects that influence the substitution process in the short, mid and long term. We identify OPEC, resource nationalism, and geopolitical issues as important influence factors and arrive at the conclusion that in the short term biofuels will replace mainly OPEC oil but not the most expensive petroleum. In the medium and long term biofuels will replace the most expensive petroleum because OPEC production cuts are only possible on a temporary basis and in restricted quantities. Our comparison of the costs of the different fossil fuels with their greenhouse gas emissions shows that there is no direct correlation between the level of greenhouse gas emissions and production costs. However, we see strong evidence every time that the marginal oil gets more carbon‐intensive and that biofuels will increasingly displace these carbon‐intensive fossil fuels. That is shown especially in the increase of unconventional fossil fuels and new frontier oil (Amazon, deep‐sea, etc.). The investments in these technologies are very price‐sensitive, like the financial crisis 2008/2009 has showed. Further evidence brings the decline of the energy return on investment (EROI) of the oil production worldwide and the increase of the marginal oil costs from 25 to almost 100 dollars/barrel in the last 10 years. We expect that the increase of the carbon intensity of marginal oil will further enlarge the climate effects of global petroleum production. Marginal oil as an indirect effect of the biofuel use should therefore get the same significance value as indirect land‐use change (ILUC) in the current climate protection debate. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mountaineering pericytes – A universal key to tissue repair?
Authors: Karow Marisa 
Published: June 2013

Pericytes, typically attached to the walls of microvessels in almost all organs, interact with endothelial cells and take part in diverse biological processes, e.g. blood vessel regulation and tissue repair. This suggests that pericytes harbor a remarkable degree of cellular plasticity, which could potentially be employed for the treatment of diseases affecting diverse tissues such as the skeletal muscle and the central nervous system. Here, we follow pericytes on their journey across Waddington's epigenetic landscape, descending from their origin, along a path guided by environmental signals or ectopic transcription factors, at the end of which they acquire a new identity, e.g. muscle or nerve cells. The central theme of this review is the question of whether pericytes can be enticed to differentiate into whatever cell type is needed, and thus provide an endogenous cellular source for treating as yet incurable diseases – like a magic bullet.Also watch the Video Abstract. http://youtu.be/J4b-cmRWLWI
Bacteriocin activity against various pathogens produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus VJ13 isolated from Idly batter
Authors: Vidhyasagar Venkatasubramanian , Jeevaratnam Kadirvelu 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBacteriocins, an antimicrobial peptide, is known to have wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Because they are easily digested in the intestine, they are considered as safe and are widely used as food preservatives. Hence their purification and characterization have attracted considerable attraction, especially for those having activity against human pathogens. In this study, the bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus VJ13 was precipitated with cold acetone and purified by gel permeation chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The bacteriocin exhibited antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, like Mycobacterium smegmatis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The activity of bacteriocin was lost completely after treatment with protease, which revealed its proteinaceous nature. The bacteriocin was stable up to 100°C and exhibited antilisterial property which is a characteristic feature of class IIa bacteriocins. It was active within the pH range of 2–8 and stable against various chemicals and denaturants. Tricine SDS–PAGE revealed its molecular weight to be 4.0 kDa, where the corresponding activity against Listeria monocytogenes was also noted. Treatment of L. monocytogenes with bacteriocin decreased the viable cell count, and scanning electron microscope analysis revealed membrane pore formation that resulted in the release of intracellular content, suggesting its bactericidal effect. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validated LC‐MS method for simultaneous quantitation of catalpol and harpagide in rat plasma: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Zeng‐Ye‐Decoction
Authors: Feng Yukun , Liu Zhenzhen , Peng Ying , Zhang Lunhui , Ju Ping , Bi Kaishun , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA simple and efficient liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of catalpol and harpagide in normal and diabetic rat plasma. Protein precipitation extraction with acetonitrile was carried out using salidroside as the internal standard (IS). The LC separation was performed on an Elite C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water within a runtime of 12.0 min. The analytes were detected without endogenous interference in the selected ion monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. Calibration curves offered satisfactory linearity (r > 0.99) at linear range of 0.05–50.0 µg/mL for catalpol and 0.025–5.0 µg/mL for harpagide with the lower limits of quantitation of 0.05 and 0.025 µg/mL, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSD) were <9.4%, and accuracy (RE) was in the −6.6 to 4.9% range. The extraction efficiencies of catalpol, harpagide and IS were all >76.5% and the matrix effects of the analytes ranged from 86.5 to 106.0%. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of catalpol and harpagide after oral administration of Zeng‐Ye‐Decoction to normal and diabetic rats, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of early pathogenesis in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS: part I, background and methods
Authors: Vinsant Sharon , Mansfield Carol , Jimenez‐Moreno Ramon , Moore Victoria Del Gaizo , Yoshikawa Masaaki , Hampton Thomas G. , Prevette David , Caress James , Oppenheim Ronald W. , Milligan Carol 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCharcot first described amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 1869; however, its causes remain largely unknown and effective, long‐term treatment strategies are not available. The first mouse model of ALS was developed after the identification of mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene in 1993, and accordingly most of our knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease comes from studies carried out using this animal model. Although numerous preclinical trials have been conducted in the mutant SOD1 mouse models, the results have been disappointing because they did not positively translate to clinical trials. One explanation may be that current understanding of when and where pathogenesis begins is insufficient to accurately guide preclinical trials. Further characterization of these early events may provide insight into disease onset, help in the discovery of presymptomatic diagnostic disease markers, and identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we describe the rationale, approach, and methods for our extensive analysis of early changes that included an ultrastructural examination of central and peripheral components of the neuromuscular system in the SOD1G93A mouse and correlated these alterations with early muscle denervation, motor dysfunction, and motoneuron death. We also provide a discussion of published work to review what is known regarding early pathology in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS. The significance of this work is that we have examined early pathology simultaneously in both the spinal cord and peripheral neuromuscular system, and the results are presented in the companion paper (Part II, Results and Discussion). Our results provide evidence as to why a thorough characterization of animal models throughout the life span is critical for a strong foundation to design preclinical trials that may produce meaningful results.
Ionic Liquid‐Mediated α‐Fe2O3 Shape‐Controlled Nanocrystal‐Supported Noble Metals: Highly Active Materials for CO Oxidation
Authors: Hou Liwei , Zhang Qinghua , Jérôme François , Duprez Daniel , Can Fabien , Courtois Xavier , Zhang Hui , Royer Sébastien 
Published: June 2013

AbstractShape‐controlled iron oxide nanocrystals were prepared by using an ionic liquid‐mediated hydrothermal process. Different morphologies can be synthesised, such as cubes and porous nanotubes. Owing to the different morphologies developed, accessible surface area varies from a few m2 g−1 to more than 50 m2 g−1. These differences result in different oxygen mobilities, and the porous nanorods demonstrate the highest bulk oxygen mobility. Thus, all these shaped materials demonstrate higher activity for the oxidation reaction compared to the commercial reference. In addition, the favourable physical properties, that is high surface area, enable the easy dispersion of noble metal nanoparticles (platinum, palladium and gold); some of these high‐surface area noble metal‐containing materials demonstrate remarkable catalytic activities. Porous nanorod‐supported gold nanoparticles enable the conversion of CO below 100 °C, which is far better than on commercial α‐Fe2O3‐supported gold for which dispersion of gold remains difficult owing to the low surface area of the commercial support.
Structural and Catalytic Properties of Alkaline Post‐Treated Ru/ZrO2 Catalysts for Partial Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene
Authors: Zhou Gongbing , Tan Xiaohe , Pei Yan , Fan Kangnian , Qiao Minghua , Sun Bin , Zong Baoning 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPartial hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene is attractive in terms of feedstock accessibility, atomic economy, and operational simplicity. Herein, a series of Ru/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by post‐treatment of a binary Ru–Zn/ZrO2 catalyst using 5–30 wt % NaOH aqueous solutions. Alloying between Ru and Zn was evidenced for the catalyst post‐treated only by water (Ru/ZrO2‐0). Alkaline post‐treatment removed metallic Zn, forming smaller Ru nanoparticles. Concomitantly, the hydrophilicity of the catalysts was increased and maximized on the 10 wt % NaOH‐treated catalyst (Ru/ZrO2‐10). In partial hydrogenation of benzene, the Ru/ZrO2‐0 catalyst displayed the highest turnover frequency but the lowest initial selectivity to cyclohexene, whereas the Ru/ZrO2‐10 catalyst exhibited the highest initial selectivity (86 %) and yield of cyclohexene (51 %) among the catalysts investigated. A quantitative relationship between the initial selectivity to cyclohexene and the hydrophilicity of these catalysts was identified, which rationalizes the significant impact of alkaline post‐treatment on selectivity enhancement in partial hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene over Ru/ZrO2 catalysts.
Performance of a UV‐assisted Hydrogen‐peroxide‐fed Spray Tower for Sulfur Dioxide Abatement
Authors: Codolo M. , Bizzo W. , Bertazzoli R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSpray towers are widely used for controlling air pollution by gases such as SO2, CO2, NOx, and HCl. Results of sulfur dioxide absorption in a spray tower using solutions of 1 g L–1 and 2 g L–1 of hydrogen peroxide are reported. For comparison, a water and sodium hydroxide solution was also used for SO2 abatement. The results indicate that H2O2 may be an important alternative for SO2 removal in spray towers. A set of experimental removal efficiency data was obtained as a function of gas and liquid flow rates. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients (kga) were calculated and an experimental relationship among kga, gas, and liquid flow rates was proposed. As a final experiment, an oxidation process assisted by UV radiation using a 1 g L–1 solution of H2O2 was carried out to speed up the SO2 removal rate. The results obtained in this condition are similar to those achieved with a solution of 2 g L–1 H2O2.
Experimental and Computational Probes of the Nature of Halogen Bonding: Complexes of Bromine‐Containing Molecules with Bromide Anions
Authors: Rosokha Sergiy V. , Stern Charlotte L. , Ritzert Jeremy T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe nature of halogen bonding is examined via experimental and computational characterizations of a series of associates between electrophilic bromocarbons RBr (RBr=CBr3F, CBr3NO2, CBr3COCBr3, CBr3CONH2, CBr3CN, etc.) and bromide anions. The [RBr, Br−] complexes show intense absorption bands in the 200–350 nm range which follow the same Mulliken correlation as those observed for the charge‐transfer associates of bromide anions with common organic π‐acceptors. For a wide range of the associates, intermolecular RBr⋅⋅⋅Br− separations decrease and intramolecular CBr bond lengths increase proportionally to the Br−→RBr charge transfer; and the energies of RBr⋅⋅⋅Br− bonds are correlated with the linear combination of orbital (charge‐transfer) and electrostatic interactions. On the whole, spectral, structural and thermodynamic characteristics of the [RBr, Br−] complexes indicate that besides electrostatics, the orbital (charge‐transfer) interactions play a vital role in the RBr⋅⋅⋅Br− halogen bonding. This indicates that in addition to controlling the geometries of supramolecular assemblies, halogen bonding leads to electronic coupling between interacting species, and thus affects reactivity of halogenated molecules, as well as conducting and magnetic properties of their solid‐state materials.
Inversion of Effective Pore Aspect Ratios for Porous Rocks and Its Applications
Authors: Hong‐Bing LI , Jia‐Jia ZHANG , Feng‐Chang YAO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBy integrating Gassmann equations with the dry rock frame model, which is called the DEM analytical model, derived from the differential effective medium theory, this paper presents a method for pore structure evaluation and shear wave velocity prediction from the effective pore aspect ratios inverted from P‐wave (and S‐wave) velocity. First, we build a link among P‐wave and S‐wave velocity, density, porosity, saturation and mineral compositions through Gassmann equations and the DEM analytical model. Then, by assuming that the porous rock contains spheroidal pores with a single aspect ratio, we apply nonlinear global optimization algorithm to find the best estimate for the effective pore aspect ratio in terms of minimizing the error between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements. Finally, we estimate the S‐wave velocity from the inverted effective pore aspect ratios. The experimental and well logging examples show that the inverted aspect ratio can be used to accurately indicate the pore structure of the reservoir. For fracture reservoirs, such as granite, its pore aspect ratio is typically less than 0.025, and for pore reservoirs such as sandstone, the pore aspect ratio is usually greater than 0.08. Comparison of the inversion of pore aspect ratio between only from P‐wave and from both P‐wave and S‐wave indicates that the pore aspect ratios from these two methods are almost the same. And, the predicted shear‐velocity only from P‐wave is in good agreement with the measured one. These results show that our method of the shear‐velocity prediction by using the pore aspect ratio inverted from P‐wave is effective.
Analysis on the Thermal History and Uplift Process of Zijinshan Intrusive Complex in the Eastern Ordos Basin
Authors: Gang CHEN , Chao DING , Li‐Ming XU , Hui‐Ruo ZHANG , Yan‐Xu HU , Fu YANG , Nan LI , Xiao‐Ni MAO , Yan LI 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThermochronological data of in‐situ zircon U‐Pb, hornblende and biotite 40Ar/39Ar, and zircon and apatite fission track (FT) are presented for studying the thermal history and uplift‐cooling process of Zijinshan (ZJS) intrusive complex at the eastern Ordos basin (OB) next to the central North China Craton (NCC). Alkaline intrusive rocks dominate the complex with the diopside monzonite and syenite, which are used as the dating samples in this work. Zircon U‐Pb dating of the monzonite provides the initial crystallization age of the magmatic emplacement to be ca. 136.7 Ma, and 40Ar/39Ar dating of hornblendes and biotites indicates the late crystallization to solidification age of the emplaced magma to be mainly in a range of 133.1∼130.4 Ma. It is concluded that the ZJS intrusive complex was mainly formed in 136.7∼130.4 Ma of the Early Cretaceous. Based on the comprehensive analyses of the thermochronological T‐t curve and the apatite FT modeling thermal path of the complex and its altered sandstone, it can be further inferred that the ZJS complex as well as its intruded area of the eastern OB has experienced at least three tectono‐thermal stages during magmatic emplacement to later uplift‐cooling process. They are: (1) the magmatic emplacement crystallization to consolidation stage of 136∼120 Ma at an extremely high cooling rate of 52 °C/Ma; (2) the slow uplift‐cooling stage of 120∼30 Ma at a low average cooling rate of 2.5°C/Ma, and (3) the rapid uplift‐cooling stage of ca. 30 Ma at an average cooling rate of 3.6°C/Ma, especially with a more rapid cooling rate of 7°C/Ma since ca. 10 Ma. Further considering the regional tectono‐dynamics of the NCC, ZJS magmatic activity of the eastern OB is an expression of the dynamic transition and its related large‐scale magmatism of NCC during the Early Cretaceous. Then, the later differential uplift process with slow to rapid cooling rate is dynamically associated with the integrated effects of the multi‐direction convergence, toward the central NCC, of the (Paleo‐)Pacific plate and Tethys or Indian plate at variable subduction rates during the Late Cretaceous to Quaternary.
Optimal 15‐Point Finite Difference Forward Modeling in Frequency‐Space Domain
Authors: Lu LIU , Hong LIU , Hong‐Wei LIU 
Published: June 2013

AbstractForward modeling is fundamental to waveform inversion in the frequency‐space domain. Fast and effective difference schemes can guarantee the precision and efficiency of waveform inversion. In this paper, aiming at suppressing dispersion effectively with a smaller impedance matrix bandwidth in frequency‐space domain, we utilize three techniques: weighted averaging operator, averaging the mass acceleration term and optimizing the coefficient, and then propose an optimal 15‐point difference scheme. And we use a compressed storage method to store the huge impedance matrix so that significantly decrease the memory consumption. In order to suppress the reflection from the boundary, we apply a perfectly matched layer boundary condition. Finally, through the comparison between our difference scheme and previous methods, it is proved that our method can effectively suppress dispersion without increasing too much calculation amount.