bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion of an Articulated Straw Along a Vibrating Rod
Authors:   Joetsu University of Education, Natural and Living Sciences, Takano H. 
Published: August 2024

When an articulated drinking straw is slid over a rod vibrated by a motor, the straw moves up and down continuously. To clarify the mechanism for this motion, a straw was created that was narrower at the center than at the ends and the mechanism for the up-and-down motion as well as its reversal at the rod’s tip was examined. The angle $\psi$ between the rod and the straw is constant because they are in contact at three points, i. e., at both ends and the center. Therefore, when the straw rotates around the rod, it will move unidirectionally according to the sign of $\psi$. This velocity is determined as a function of the straw half-length and the number of rotations of the nut to which the rod is attached. As the straw rises, the rod’s tip enters the straw, and the ascent stops when $\psi$ reaches zero because the rate of ascent is proportional to $\psi$. The sign of $\psi$ then reverses to start the downward motion, and the straw returns. When it reaches a reflector disk, the sign of $\psi$ reverses again and the straw rises. Experiments were conducted to measure the velocities of three straws with different lengths, and the results showed that the theoretical velocities were greater than the experimental ones. The reason for this is assumed to be that although in theory the straw does not slip at the point of contact between its center and the rod, in reality it does slip. However, the theoretical and experimental velocities decreased in similar ways with increasing straw half-length, and the agreement between them was determined by the relative error. For half-lengths below $1.0$ cm, the average agreement was approx. $80\%$, and for all lengths it was approx. $73\%$. The agreement would have been even better if it had not been for the effects of slippage between the straw and the rod, the presence of nodes and antinodes of the rod vibration, and deformation in the central portion of straw. Considering these effects, the experimental values support the validity of the mechanistic considerations of the straw motion and the theoretically determined velocity.
Early Compared with Delayed Reconstruction in Multiligament Knee Injury
Authors: Hoit Graeme , Chahal Jaskarndip , Khan Ryan , Rubacha Matthew , Nauth Aaron , Whelan Daniel B. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes following early compared with delayed reconstruction in patients with multiligament knee injury (MLKI).

Methods:
A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with MLKI from 2007 to 2019 was conducted. Patients who underwent a reconstructive surgical procedure with ≥12 months of postoperative follow-up were included. Patients were stratified into early reconstruction (<6 weeks after the injury) and delayed reconstruction (12 weeks to 2 years after the injury). Multivariable regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were utilized to compare the timing of the surgical procedure with the primary outcome (the Multiligament Quality of Life questionnaire [MLQOL]) and the secondary outcomes (manipulation under anesthesia [MUA], Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] osteoarthritis grade, knee laxity, and range of motion).

Results:
A total of 131 patients met our inclusion criteria, with 75 patients in the early reconstruction group and 56 patients in the delayed reconstruction group. The mean time to the surgical procedure was 17.6 days in the early reconstruction group compared with 280 days in the delayed reconstruction group. The mean postoperative follow-up was 58 months. The early reconstruction group, compared with the delayed reconstruction group, included more lateral-sided injuries (49 patients [65%] compared with 23 [41%]; standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.44) and nerve injuries (36 patients [48%] compared with 9 patients [16%]; SMD, 0.72), and had a higher mean Schenck class (SMD, 0.57). After propensity adjustment, we found no difference between early and delayed reconstruction across the 4 MLQOL domains (p > 0.05). Patients in the early reconstruction group had higher odds of requiring MUA compared with the delayed reconstruction group (24 [32%] compared with 8 [14%]; IPTW-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.04 to 7.69]; p < 0.001) and had less knee flexion at the most recent follow-up (β, 6.34° [95% CI, 0.91° to 11.77°]; p = 0.023). Patients undergoing early reconstruction had lower KL osteoarthritis grades compared with patients in the delayed reconstruction group (OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.72]; p < 0.001). There were no differences in clinical laxity between groups.

Conclusions:
Early reconstruction of MLKIs likely increases the likelihood of postoperative arthrofibrosis compared with delayed reconstruction, but it may be protective against the development of osteoarthritis. When considering the timing of MLKI reconstruction, surgeons should consider the benefit that early reconstruction may convey on long-term outcomes but should caution patients regarding the possibility of requiring an MUA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Update on Atypical Femoral Fractures
Authors: Anderson Paul A. , Kates Stephen L. , Watts Nelson B. 
Published: August 2024

➤ Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are stress fractures between the lesser trochanter and the metaphyseal flare that are most commonly related to prolonged (3 to 5 years) antiresorptive medication use.➤ An important finding is a visible transverse line in the lateral cortex, known as the “dreaded black line.” Complete fractures are transverse and have minimal comminution.➤ Prodromal symptoms including hip, groin, thigh, and knee pain are present in more than one-half of cases and are usually misdiagnosed.➤ Nonoperative treatment for all patients with AFF includes withdrawal of bisphosphonates, assessment for secondary causes of osteoporosis, and optimization of vitamin D and calcium.➤ Incomplete fractures without a visible line can initially be treated nonoperatively with protected weight-bearing.➤ Intramedullary nailing is indicated for complete fractures and incomplete fractures with a visible fracture line. Delayed healing after fixation should be anticipated.➤ Treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs (teriparatide and abaloparatide) after AFF prevents other fractures in high-risk patients, but the effect on healing of the fracture is unclear.
The Impact of a Lack of Reporting of Sex and Gender in Clinical Research on the Continuum of Medical Education
Authors: Paul Caroline R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sex and gender impact all areas of health. However, they are not consistently considered in research design. The lack of a sufficient research base regarding the impacts of sex or gender affects the ability to develop health-care professional curricula that include this content for learners across the spectrum of experience. Teaching the importance of sex and gender is critical in training the next generations of health-care professionals and researchers. In addition to improving the current research base, there is a need to raise awareness of this topic among faculty and a need for additional faculty development materials. Learners, clinical faculty, researchers, journal reviewers, and journal leadership all play a role in improving the knowledge base regarding sex and gender and subsequently incorporating this information into curricula.
Femoral Lengthening in Children with Congenital Femoral Deficiency
Authors: Sabry Ahmed O. , Galal Sherif , Menshawey Rahma , Menshawey Esraa , Hegazy Mariam , Farahat Mai , Nasr Nadine , Boutros Youssef , Zakaria Youssef , El Barbary Hassan , Hegazy Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Congenital femoral deficiency (CFD) presents a significant challenge in pediatric orthopaedics, characterized by a spectrum of congenital anomalies ranging from mild femoral shortening to complete absence of the proximal femur and hip joint. This review aims at reviewing the latest concepts of femoral limb lengthening modalities in treating CFD, to explore the efficacy, complications, and long-term outcomes of various surgical techniques.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of the literature was performed for clinical studies involving lengthening in patients with proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD) in several databases.

Results:
We analyze the evolution of limb lengthening procedures, from the Wagner and Ilizarov methods to the latest advancements in distraction osteogenesis, and assess their role in addressing the functional needs of patients. We also analyze the possible risk factors for the occurrence of complications with each method and alternatives to avoid them.

Conclusion:
The review highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans, considering factors such as the degree of femoral deficiency and the potential for achieving a functional limb length; however, it requires a multidisciplinary approach and careful preoperative planning to optimize patient outcomes. The review underlines the need for ongoing research to refine surgical techniques and to compare them and improve the quality of life for individuals with PFFD.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Remedial Dengan Penggunaan Macromedia Flash Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Di SMP
Authors: Wardhana Kausar Eka , Nasiah Siti , Razak Abdul 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran remedial berbantukan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash pada mata pelajaran matematika di SMP Negeri 1 Loa Kulu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan penelitian Solomon Four Group Design. Desain ini menuntut penempatan subjek secara random kedalam empat kelompok. Pada kelompok 1 dan 2 diberi pre tes dan post test dan hanya kelompok 1 dan 3 yang dikenai perlakuan eksperimen. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara acak setelah diadakan tes kemampuan awal. Sampel dalam penelitian empat kelas yaitu kelas VIIIB dan VIIIC dengan pembelajaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash dan kelas VIIID dan VIIIE dengan pembelajaran konvensional sebagai kelas kontrol pada pokok bahasan prisma dan limas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar dengan bentuk objektif dan uraian. Analisis lanjutan yang digunakan adalah uji Turkey HSD dengan hasil tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika siswa antara pembelajaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash baik diberi pre test maupun tidak. Namun, hasil belajar matematika siswa yang dengan pembelajaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash baik yang diberi pre test maupun tidak berbeda dengan pembelajaran konvensional baik yang diberi pre test maupun tidak. Dan hasil belajar matematika siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional tidak terdapat perbedaan baik yang diberi pre test maupun tidak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan dengan penerapan pembelajaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash pada pokok bahasan Prisma dan Limas di SMP Negeri 1 Loa Kulu.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Materi Koperasi Melalui Permainan Edukatif Finding Treasure Dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning
Authors: Trisnawati Eva , Kurniawan Riza Yonisa , Wahyuningtyas Endar 
Published: August 2024

Education is a learning activities to develop according to the times, such as freedom to learn which emphasizes 21st century learning. 21st century learning is inseparable from learning in literacy skills, knowledge analysis, and use the tecnology in the learning process. researchers combined learning models with technology to suit the student centered in this study. This research uses collaborative classroom action research with instruments on student learning outcomes from pre test and post test scores.The result of the analysis achievement of student learning outcome seen from the first cycle is 80,56% with an average value of 80,83 and the second cycle with a percentage of 97,22% with an average value of 86,87. From these results it can be seen that the application of a problem based learning using educational media of finding treasure games can improve student learning outcomes.
Evaluasi Rekruitmen ASN PPPK Jalur Formasi Guru
Authors: Sholihah Isnaini Maratus , Sumardi Sumardi , Muhibbin Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap rekrutmen ASN melalui jalur PPPK dengan fokus pada formasi guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Library Research, di mana data dan informasi diperoleh dari studi literatur yang relevan dengan topik evaluasi rekrutmen ASN PPPK. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product), yang melibatkan analisis konteks, evaluasi pada tahap input, evaluasi proses, dan evaluasi produk. Pada tahap evaluasi konteks, evaluasi ini mendukung tujuan proyek yaitu mengatasi permasalahan guru honorer, meningkatkan kesejahteraan guru, dan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Temuan evaluasi tahap input menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan dan tahapan seleksi yang ditetapkan telah tepat. Evaluasi proses pelaksanaan penerimaan PPPK Jalur Formasi Guru menyoroti pentingnya koordinasi yang lebih baik antar kementerian terkait dalam penentuan jadwal tahapan seleksi. Evaluasi produk program rekrutmen ASN guru melalui jalur PPPK menunjukkan keberhasilan dan dampak positif terhadap pendidikan di Indonesia. Rekrutmen ini telah berhasil mengatasi permasalahan guru honorer, meningkatkan kesejahteraan guru, dan berkontribusi dalam peningkatan kualitas pendidikan.
NEMS Generated Electromechanical Frequency Combs
Authors: Mouharrar Hamza , Rahmanian Sasan , Akbari Masoud , Shama Yasser , Abdel-Rahman Eihab 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a novel technique for low-power generation of frequency combs (FC) over a wide frequency range. It leverages modal interactions between electrical and mechanical resonators in electrostatic NEMS operating in air to provide a simple architecture for FC generators. A biased voltage signal drives the electrical resonator at resonance which is set to match an integer submutiple of twice the mechanical resonator's resonance. Experimental results demonstrate that the NEMS displacement exhibits more than 150 equidistant peaks in the case of a 2:1 modal interaction and more than 60 equidistant peaks in the case of a 1:1 modal interaction. In both cases, the Free Spectral Range (FSR) was equal to the mechanical resonance frequency. Comparison between the FCs generated by the 2-1 and 1-1 modal interactions demonstrate the superiority of the former in terms of bandwidth and stability. The superior phase coherence of the FC generated via the 2-1 modal interaction was demonstrated via time-domain analysis. Our technique has the flexibility to generate multiple frequency combs and to fine-tune their FSR depending on the number of mechanical modes accessible to and the order of the activated modal interaction. It can be integrated into portable devices and is well aligned with modern miniaturization technology.
The impact of financial affordability on patient adherence to the dosing schedule of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in managing Diabetic Macular Edema.
Authors: Raizada Seemant , Sabti Khalid Al , Zechevikj Snezhana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Regular maintenance dosing of Intravitreal anti-VEGF (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) for Diabetic Macular edema (DME) poses a challenge for patients. We investigated whether financial affordability plays a role in influencing patients' adherence to the prescribed dosage schedule.
Methods:
In this prospective, interventional, comparative, cohort study of 12 months duration, naïve DME patients were enrolled in 3 groups. Group I: self-paying patients. Group II: patients with medical insurance. Group III: patients treated free of charge. The treatment regimen was 3 consecutive monthly injections followed by monthly visits and anti-VEGF injections as needed (pro re nata, PRN).Two indicators were measured. First, how many did not complete the loading dose phase and second, adherence to the PRN stage of the study over a period of 12 months.
Results:
264 patients were enrolled. Group I: 112 patients, Group II: 90 and Group 3: 60 patients. 230 patients (87%) adhered to the initial 3 monthly injection and 162 (61.3%) patients of initial cohort adhered to prn stage of the study. In the loading dose phase best compliance was seen in Group I; in the PRN stage best compliance was seen in Group II. Overall, best compliance was seen in Group III where 63.3% patients adhered to the full schedule though it was not statistically significant (p = 0.93226).
Conclusion:
Patient adherence and success rates of anti-VEGF therapy may be increased by analyzing various factors affecting patient compliance and raising awareness about DME. In our study, financial affordability was not a major reason for non-compliance.
Dehydration-Induced Supralithostatic Fluid Overpressure in Metapelites from Northern Korea
Authors: Zou Yi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Our understanding of orogenic dynamics largely relies on the lithostatic paradigm, which correlates thermodynamic pressure to burial depths. Deviations from lithostatic conditions often involve fluid overpressure, yet the mechanisms in natural rocks remain elusive. In this study, we integrate petrological analysis, radiometric dating, and diffusion chronology to explore the thermal overprinting on metapelites from a Precambrian orogen caused by ~ 110 Ma andesitic porphyry intrusions in Northern Korea. The metapelites’ mineral assemblages, particularly the dissolution-reprecipitation textures of garnet and monazite, reveal rapid heating, dehydration, and reworking within ~ 300 years, reaching 600‒640°C and 7.5‒8.5 kbar at ~ 110 Ma. The barometric results sharply contrast with the shallow emplacement depths of the andesitic porphyries, indicating supralithostatic fluid overpressure. These findings challenge the lithostatic paradigm and suggest that rapid dehydration and deviation from lithostatic pressures may be more prevalent than previously recognized, with significant implications for orogenic reconstructions and seismogenic behaviors at plate boundaries.
Introducing Climate Adaptive Agricultural Technologies through Participatory Evaluation and Scaling up at the Potential Area of North Shewa Amhara
Authors: Mamo Dejene , Ayele Teklemariam , Tigabie Abiro , Kasa Yehuala 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The demand for malt barely increased rapidly due to the coming of new beer and malt factory in Ethiopia specifically at North Shewa Zone Amhara Region. For these, participatory evaluation and scaling of recently released malt barely varieties were done at North shewa zone Ethiopia. The objectives of the study was demonstrating and scaling the improved malt barley varieties. During the first phase the improved varieties were demonstrated and evaluated by local farmers. Based on the farmer’s preference, agronomic data and economic analysis the improved variety HB1963 and HB1964 were recommended for future scaling up at the potential areas of North shewa with recommended agronomic packages’. In the second phase, the selected varieties were scale up in clustered base during 2019 main production season. The scale out varieties, HB1963 and HB1964 give 19.56% and 28.61% yield advantage over the local check of Holker variety respectively. The study recommendations were strengthen the formal and informal seed system by concerned stakeholders using local seed producer and marketing cooperatives and unions. The government and local beer and malt factories should give higher initiation for domestic market of malt barley to motivate malt barley producer farmers and substitute malt import.
Exploring in vivo placental microcirculation and microstructure in different pregnancies of normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension through intravoxel incoherent motion MRI at the plateau area
Authors: Liu Fei , Yan Zhanyue , Kang Lianyun , Gan Zhenning , Wang Shenlan , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
A preliminary study of placental microcirculation and microstructure in healthy pregnant women in different trimesters and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) at plateau through intravoxel incorrelation movement (IVIM).
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted at Qinghai Red Cross Hospital from August 2019 to January 2022. All subjects(18,28 pregnant women in the second trimester/third trimester[PWST/PWTT], 26 PIH) underwent ultrasound,MRI-IVIM examinations.The true diffusion coefficient (D),false diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f) values of the whole placenta and different placental sites, estimated fetal weight (EFW) and postnatal weight were measured and recorded. The statistic was analyzed by independent sample t test or single factor ANOVA,multiple comparisons of placental quantitative parameters between subjects were analyzed by the Bonferroni method. The correlations between placental IVIM parameters and fetal weight, GA and GW were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.
Results
No significant differences among the different placental parts of the PWST. The difference among the placenta in PWTT-f(maternal side>fetal side, P<0.05). Compare with PWST, PWTT>PWST- D(maternal side,P<0.05). In contrast to PIH,PWTT>PIH-f(fetal side, whole placenta,P<0.05), PWTT>PIH-D(maternal side, whole placenta,P<0.05).EFW and postnatal weight of PWTT > PIH(P<0.05).PWTT-f(maternal side)was negatively correlated with EFW (r=-0.579, P = 0.005), PWTT-f(maternal side) was negatively correlated with GW (r=-0.441, P = 0.005).
Discussion
IVIM could effectively analyze and evaluate the characteristic of placental microcirculation and microstructure in normal and PIH pregnant women at plateau.
Engaging Survivor and Oncologist Stakeholders to Develop a Patient-Reported Outcome Assessment to Use as a Component of Survivorship Care
Authors: Neuman Heather , Kwekkeboom Kristine , Tevaarwerk Amye , Phelps Kat , Tucholka Jennifer , Maxcy Courtney , Breuer Catherine , Schumacher Jessica 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Incorporating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into survivorship care may improve the comprehensiveness of follow-up. The objective was to engage stakeholders to develop a PRO assessment of survivors’ symptoms and concerns for use during breast cancer follow-up.
Methods:
We convened patient and oncologist stakeholder advisory groups to define a low-risk survivor cohort; develop an initial PRO assessment including survivorship domains of importance, measurement instruments, and clinically significant thresholds; and revise the assessment based on feedback from community focus groups and two rounds of iterative pilot testing with survivors.
Results:
The most commonly cited “low-risk” criteria was cancer stage. Stakeholders identified key domains and measurement instruments, including recurrence symptoms, treatment side-effects, adherence, mental health, and sexual health. Ninety-four survivors completed the PRO assessment in the initial pilot test (median age 62 years, median 2 years from diagnosis). Most (89/93) reported questions were easy to understand. The level of missingness was low. The most common threshold-level symptoms/concerns were hot flashes (46%), fatigue (35%), back pain (31%), joint pain (31%), and anxiety (30%). The PRO assessment was revised to clarify symptom causality and desire to discuss with a provider. In a follow-up pilot study with twenty survivors, the most common symptoms were chest/breast discomfort (50%) and anxiety (25%).
Conclusions:
We leveraged stakeholder input to develop a comprehensive PRO assessment to use to assess breast cancer survivors’ well-being. Our PRO assessment is acceptable to survivors. Future research will focus on the integration of the PRO assessment into clinical care.