bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASMA CELL RICH REJECTION IN RENAL TRANSPLANT BIOPSIES
Authors: du Long Romy , Florquin Marie S.N. Chevalier , Bemelman Frederike J. , Claessen Nike , Peters-Sengers Hessel , Florquin Sandrine , Kers Jesper 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlasma cell rich rejection (PCRR) is an uncommon, ill-defined type of renal allograft rejection in the current literature considered a subtype of T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). PCRR has poorer clinical outcome and is often refractory to classic immunosuppressive therapy. Our study analyzed clinical course, Banff lesion scores and mRNA expression of PCRR compared to (late) rejection.MethodsWe retrospectively scored and reclassified the last known biopsy of 263 renal transplant recipients, morphologically classified as rejection according to the 2019 Banff classification. mRNA expression analysis was performed using the Nanostring B-HOT panel on a subset of cases. PCRR was compared to (late) TCMR, ABMR and mixed rejection for renal function follow-up and graft survival.ResultsmRNA analysis revealed uniquely expressed genes in PCRR includingLOX,CPA3,IL4,IL17F,andMMP12. PCRR is enriched for genes related to mast cells, memory B- and T-cells and transcripts involved in NK cells and allograft fibrosis with heterogeneity in gene expression in biopsies with PCRR. PCRR might be a late event compared to late TCMR and ABMR, with a higher degree of total inflammation and fibrosis. Graft survival and renal function was similar to late TCMR and ABMR during a 5-year follow-up period after renal biopsy.ConclusionPCRR represents a distinct late-onset stage of inflammation displaying diverse gene expression patterns, with presence of mainly mast cells, NK cells and transcripts involved in renal allograft fibrosis. Clinical outcomes in patients with PCRR appeared more similar to late TCMR and ABMR.
Admission systolic blood pressure and obesity correlate with fatal and severe acute COVID-19 in the population of New Orleans, LA
Authors: Fusco Dahlene , Liu Sharon , Theberge Marc , Pulapaka Anuhya V. , Zha Yitian , Rittmeyer William , Maylin Marlowe , Rothwell W. Ben , Adhikari Prateek , Raynaud Peter , Ferdinand Keith , Drouin Arnaud 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn New Orleans, Louisiana (NOLA), the population’s very high social vulnerability led to the establishment of an early epicenter for severe acute COVID-19. Anticipating future respiratory virus outbreaks, identifying low-cost correlates of outcome relevant to special populations is crucial.METHODS89 patients with acute COVID-19, enrolled March to August 2020 in the ClinSeqSer longitudinal observational study.RESULTSThe cohort’s population, ∼70% Black, 53% female and 55% obese, reflects exactly that of greater urban NOLA; In contrast, pre-COVID hypertension (HTN) is 83% and 1.5 to 2-fold the state’s prevalence (43% among White, 56% among Black residents). Black patients are younger than White (∼50% vs <= 30% in 45-64 years age bracket). Outcomes were 47% severe, including 17% fatal, and 30% non-fatal (high flow or intubated), and identical by race/age. Obesity, BMI, admit systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse BP, and CRP level, but not race, sex, age, type 2 diabetes, HTN, number or specific anti-HTN drugs, correlated with fatal and severe outcomes. Patients with admission SBP ≥140 mmHg reached severe clinical state sooner than those with lower SBP.CONCLUSIONSThe very high proportion of pre-COVID HTN in this acute COVID cohort correlates with high social vulnerability. Obesity and SBP on admission stand out as risks for fatal and severe outcomes of acute COVID. The findings support further study of acute COVID admit SBP as a potential correlate of outcome, and the potential role for interactions between a single strain of SARS CoV-2 and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blood pressure axis.
Trends and Predictors of Outcomes of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Very Elderly Patients
Authors: Gilotra Kevin , Janssen Melissa , Zhang Xiaoyue , Mani Racheed , Swarna Sujith , Wang Cassie , Dashti Reza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrimary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is known to have poor management outcomes. Very elderly patients (age>80) might have a significantly higher incidence of worse management morbidity and mortality after primary ICH. The aim of this study was to explore presenting status and pre-existing comorbidities in very elderly patients and compare the inpatient management outcomes with younger counterparts.MethodsThe Stony Brook ICH database is a retrospective cohort of 814 patients that presented with primary ICH from January 2011 to January 2021. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, pre-existing medical conditions, and imaging findings were recorded. Inpatient outcomes and functional state presented as modified Rankin Scale (MRS) at discharge were evaluated.ResultsOur results indicate very elderly patients had significantly higher baseline MRS and comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation at presentation. Similarly, usage of statins, antiplatelets, and anticoagulants were significantly higher in this age group. Very elderly patients were also found to have higher average volume of hematoma at presentation. Our results indicate significantly higher discharge MRS, and inpatient mortality in the very elderly group.ConclusionPresent study demonstrates a wide variety of pre-existing factors that correlate with worse outcomes amongst very elderly patients presenting with primary ICH. Given the importance of aging population as a major healthcare issue in many parts of world, it is crucial to continue exploring these associations in future research. Findings of this study can be utilized to plan further prospective studies on this topic.
A genome-wide association study of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in a large Korean population highlights its role in cholesterol metabolism
Authors: Oh Kwangyeon , Yuk Minju , Yang Soyoun , Youn Jiyeong , Dong Qian , Wang Zhaoming , Song Nan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a representative biomarker of systemic inflammation and is associated with numerous complex diseases. To explore the biological pathways and functions underlying chronic inflammation, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and several post-GWAS analyses of the hsCRP levels. This study was performed on data from 71,019 Koreans and is one of the largest East Asian studies. Overall, 69 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, including 12 novel variants located withinSHE, RP11-740C1.2, FCRL6, STEAP1B, AC002480.5, TOMM7, SPPL3, RP11-216P16.6, RP11-209K10.2, CTC-490E21.12, CYP2F2P, CBLC,andPVRL2. The implicated genes and pathways are primarily involved in cholesterol metabolism and the immune response. A phenome-wide association study was performed based on a polygenic risk score constructed using 69 hsCRP-associated SNPs. Notably, the alleles associated with higher hsCRP levels appeared to be associated with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P=1.69 × 10-33, β=−1.47). Our findings provide evidence of a link between hsCRP and cholesterol as well as the clinical importance of hsCRP. Specifically, we suggest that genetically determined hsCRP levels may be useful for predicting the potential risk of cardiovascular or other diseases related to lipid metabolism.Author’s summaryChronic inflammation is associated with numerous complex diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Previous studies have shown that East Asians have lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, than other ancestry groups. To identify East Asian-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chronic inflammation, we conducted a genome-wide association study and secondary genetic analyses on hsCRP in 71,019 Korean individuals. In total, 69 SNPs were identified, of which 12 were novel. A majority of the identified SNPs are located within genes (LEPR,IL6R, andAPOE) that are involved in cholesterol metabolism and immune response. Notably, we found genetically determined hsCRP level may contribute to decrease cholesterol level, in contrast to previous epidemiological studies. Therefore, we suggest genetically determined hsCRP as a clinical tool for predicting the potential risk of abnormal cholesterol metabolism and its related diseases.
Mapping protein distribution in the canine photoreceptor sensory cilium and calyceal processes by ultrastructure expansion microscopy
Authors: Takahashi Kei , Sudharsan Raghavi , Beltran William A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotoreceptors are highly polarized sensory neurons, possessing a unique ciliary structure known as the photoreceptor sensory cilium (PSC). Vertebrates have two subtypes of photoreceptors: rods, which are responsible for night vision, and cones, which support daylight vision and color perception. Despite identifying functional and morphological differences between these subtypes, ultrastructural analyses of the PSC molecular architecture in rods and cones are still lacking. In this study, we employed ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to characterize the molecular architecture of the PSC in canine retina. We demonstrated that U-ExM is applicable to both non-frozen and cryopreserved retinal tissues with standard paraformaldehyde fixation. Using this validated U-ExM protocol, we revealed the molecular localization of numerous ciliopathy-related proteins in canine photoreceptors. Furthermore, we identified significant architectural differences in the PSC, ciliary rootlet, and calyceal processes between canine rods and cones. These findings pave the way for a better understanding of alterations in the molecular architecture of the PSC in canine models of retinal ciliopathies.
Epigenetic regulation of TERRA transcription and metacyclogenesis by base J inLeishmania major
Authors: Kieft Rudo , Reynolds David , Sabatini Robert 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe hyper-modified DNA base J helps control termination of Pol II transcription at polycistronic transcription units (PTUs) inT. bruceiandL. major, allowing epigenetic control of gene expression. The Telomere Repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) is synthesized inT. bruceiby Pol I readthrough transcription of a telomeric PTU. While little is understood regarding TERRA synthesis and function, the hyper-modified DNA base J is highly enriched at telomeres inL. majorpromastigotes. We now show that TERRA is synthesized by Pol II inL. majorand loss of base J leads to increased TERRA. For at least one site, the increased TERRA is by Pol II readthrough transcription from an adjacent PTU. Furthermore, Pol II readthrough defects and increased TERRA correlate with increased differentiation of promastigotes to the infectious metacyclic life stage and decreased cell viability. These results help explain the essential nature of base J inLeishmaniaand provide insight regarding epigenetic control of coding and non-coding RNA expression and parasite development during the life cycle ofL. major.
Make-or-break prime editing for bacterial genome engineering
Authors: Rengifo-Gonzalez Monica , Mazzuoli Maria-Vittoria , Janssen Axel B. , Rueff Anne-Stéphanie , Burnier Jessica , Liu Xue , Veening Jan-Willem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized genome engineering by allowing precise introductions of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, genome engineering in bacteria is still a complex, multi-step process requiring a donor DNA template for repair of DSBs. Prime editing circumvents this need as the repair template is indirectly provided within the prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA). Here, we developed make-or-break Prime Editing (mbPE) that allows for precise and effective genetic engineering in the opportunistic human pathogenStreptococcus pneumoniae. In contrast to traditional prime editing in which a nicking Cas9 is employed, mbPE harnesses wild type Cas9 in combination with a pegRNA that destroys the seed region or protospacer adjacent motif. Since most bacteria poorly perform template-independent end joining, correctly genome-edited clones are selectively enriched during mbPE. We show that mbPE is RecA-independent and can be used to introduce point mutations, deletions and targeted insertions, including protein tags such as a split luciferase, at selection efficiencies of over 93%. mbPE enables sequential genome editing, is scalable, and can be used to generate pools of mutants in a high-throughput manner. The mbPE system and pegRNA design guidelines described here will ameliorate future bacterial genome editing endeavors.
Under or Over? Tracing Complex DNA Structures with High Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Holmes Elizabeth P. , Gamill Max C. , Provan James I. , Wiggins Laura , Rusková Renáta , Whittle Sylvia , Catley Thomas E. , Main Kavit H. S. , Shephard Neil , Bryant Helen. E. , Gilhooly Neville S. , Gambus Agnieszka , Račko Dušan , Colloms Sean D. , Pyne Alice L. B. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe topology of DNA plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular processes and genome stability. Despite its significance, DNA topology remains challenging to determine due to the length and conformational complexity of individual topologically constrained DNA molecules. We demonstrate unparalleled resolution of complex DNA topologies using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in aqueous conditions. We present a new high-throughput automated pipeline to determine DNA topology from raw AFM images, using deep-learning methods to trace the backbone of individual DNA molecules and identify crossing points. Our pipeline efficiently determines which segment passes over which, including the handling of challenging crossings, where the path of each molecule may be harder to resolve. We demonstrate the wider applicability of our tracing method by determining the structure of stalled replication intermediates fromXenopusegg extracts, including theta structures and late replication products. By developing new methodologies to accurately trace the DNA path through every crossing, we determine the topology of plasmids, knots and catenanes from theE. coliXer recombination system. In doing so we uncover a recurrent depositional effect and reveal its origins using coarse-grained simulations. Our approach is broadly applicable to a range of nucleic acid structures, including those which interact with proteins, and opens avenues for understanding fundamental biological processes which are regulated by or affect DNA topology.
Advancing corporate sustainability: empowering the young consumers to reduce food waste for the sake of our planet
Authors: Ting Siong-Hoh , Leong Choi-Meng , Lim Tze-Yin , Kuek Thiam Yong , Lim Bibiana Chiu Yiong 
Published: June 2024

PurposeFood waste among young consumers is a significant concern that threatens food sustainability due to consumption behaviour. This study has integrated the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour to extend the Theory of Planned Behaviour to measure young consumer’s intention to reduce food waste in a developing country context. Bringing in emotion, habits, and facilitating conditions to predict the consumers' attitudes, this study assesses the intention to reduce food waste for corporate sustainability from the perspective of consumption.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative approach and purposive sampling, 205 samples were collected from the young generation aged 18 to 30, who frequently have meals at home. The PLS-SEM technique was employed to examine the hypothesised model.FindingsThe findings supported all the hypotheses mentioned where attitudes, subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioural control (PBC) affect the intention to reduce food waste among young consumers. Furthermore, the other variables, namely, habits, emotions and facilitating conditions, also significantly impact the attitudes of the young generation.Originality/valueUnderstanding young consumers' food waste behaviour is vital from the social, economic, and environmental perspectives. This study showcases a comprehensive food waste behaviour model among young consumers by integrating the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour and the Theory of Planned Behaviour to examine the intention to minimise food waste. Practically, this study offers insights to business practitioners and communities in managing food waste from the young consumer perspective. Socially, this study supports the United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 12 by contributing to global food waste reduction efforts.
Exploring the diversity of emotion in hospitality and tourism from big data: a novel sentiment dictionary
Authors: Yu Yunyun , Chen Jiaqi , Mehraliyev Fuad , Hu Sike , Wang Shengbin , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Although the importance and variety of emotions have been emphasized in existing literature, studies on discrete emotions remain limited. This study aims to propose a method for more precise recognition and calculation of emotions in massive amounts of online data on attraction visitor experiences and behaviour, by using discrete emotion theory.

Design/methodology/approach
Using HowNet’s word similarity calculation technique, this study integrated multiple generic dictionaries, including the sentiment vocabulary ontology database of the Dalian University of Technology, the National Taiwan University Sentiment Dictionary and the Boson Dictionary. Word2vec algorithm filters emotion words unique to hospitality and tourism in 1,596,398 texts from Sogou News, Wikipedia and Ctrip reviews about attractions, and 1,765,691 reviews about attractions in China.

Findings
The discrete sentiment dictionary developed in this study outperformed the original dictionary in identifying and calculating emotions, with a total vocabulary extension of 12.07%, demonstrating its applicability to tourism.

Research limitations/implications
The developed new dictionary can be used by researchers and managers alike to quickly and accurately evaluate products and services based on online visitor reviews.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to construct a sentiment dictionary based on discrete emotion theory applicable to hospitality and tourism in the Chinese context. This study extended the applicability of affective psychology to hospitality and tourism using discrete emotion theory. Moreover, the study offers a methodological framework for developing a domain-specific sentiment dictionary, potentially applicable to other domains in hospitality.
New ways of working and psychological well-being: work intensity as a target variable of job resources
Authors: Soucek Roman , Voss Amanda S. , Drexler Hans , Moser Klaus 
Published: June 2024

PurposeDigitalization and flexibility of workplaces as aspects of new ways of working are associated both positively and negatively with employees’ well-being. However, the mechanisms behind this relationship are not clear yet. We present work intensity as a link between new ways of working and psychological well-being. Furthermore, we address two job resources to alter this association: autonomy and boundary control.Design/methodology/approachOverall, 1,099 employees of a public administration organization participated in the survey and answered a web-based questionnaire. The organization was in the transition to new ways of working including the introduction of a digital filing system and remote work.FindingsThe results of regression analyses provided evidence that flexibility and dissolution of boundaries were positively related to work intensity, which in turn was associated with emotional exhaustion and work engagement. Thus, new ways of working were negatively associated with psychological well-being, mediated by work intensity. Further analyses revealed that the job resources of autonomy and boundary control moderated the relationship between flexibility respectively dissolution of boundaries with work intensity. Thus, these job resources acted as buffering factors and mitigated the association of new ways of working with work intensity.Originality/valueThe results indicated that work intensity could be perceived as a conceptual bridge between new ways of working and psychological well-being providing a promising target variable for the deployment of job resources to preserve employees’ well-being.
Appraisal of knowledge and attitudes of local people towards importance of conservation of the archaeological heritage. Case of the Hippone site in Annaba (Algeria)
Authors: Hafiane Hedahdia Imene , Boukhemis Kaddour 
Published: June 2024

PurposeNumerous studies have shown that perceptions and attitudes of the local population can be key elements in the process of enhancing heritage and developing tourism within an area. In this context, this article aims to investigate the awareness, perceptions, and attitudes of the inhabitants of the city of Annaba in Algeria toward the importance of conserving the Hippone archaeological site.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a survey was administered to a cohort comprising 220 residents of Annaba city. The acquired dataset underwent rigorous analysis utilizing statistical software (SPSS) version 26. The analytical framework encompassed descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, and ordinal logistic regression, facilitating a nuanced examination of the collected data.FindingsThe empirical outcomes delineate a predominant awareness among respondents regarding the latent heritage potential intrinsic to the surveyed site. Moreover, the populace demonstrates a cognizance of the consequential role that the conservation of said site can play in fostering economic, social, and cultural development within their urban milieu. Subsequent statistical scrutiny discloses a discernible correlation between respondents' attitudes and demographic variables, particularly age and education.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral limitations warrant acknowledgment in this study. Primarily, the sample size, comprising 220 respondents, precludes its claim to statistical representativeness for the entire population. Additionally, the variables operationalized in this study to gauge residents' attitudes may benefit from refinement or expansion for enhanced precision. Despite these constraints, the amassed data proffer valuable insights into comprehending the levels of knowledge and attitudes prevalent among the local populace in Annaba regarding their archaeological site, Hippone. Future investigations would benefit from an expanded sample size to fortify the robustness of these findings.Originality/valueThis article discusses the importance of including local communities in heritage management, representing an exploration into the local population's knowledge, awareness, and attitudes concerning the imperative of conserving Algerian heritage. It also highlights the need to review the current heritage protection and management policy in the country.