bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You Are “Dead” Without Your Language: Allaying the Fears That the Igbo Language Will Go into Extinction
Authors: Echezona IE 
Published: November 2014

The introduction of the English language by the Colonial Masters as a facilitating agent of colonialism produced multifarious challenges to African vernacular languages. It not only dwarfed and dominated the local languages but also introduced other variants of itself in a bid to have direct communication with Africans. Through its influence, the pidgin variety of English and what some language scholars call Engli-Igbo (code-mixing) emerged in Igbo language community. The effect of this is the steady suppression, and deterioration of the Igbo language. The situation has come to a height where Igbo leaders and elder statesmen express fears that the Igbo language would go into extinction within a foreseeable future. However, the previous efforts of late Mazi F.C. Ogbalu and his defunct Society For the Promotion of Igbo Language and Culture (SPILC); the present tremendous efforts of Prof. Pita Ejiofo and his “Otu Subakwa Igbo,” the renewed efforts of Anglican and Catholic Churches in using the Igbo language to conduct church services and singing competitions; the inclusion of Igbo language as a school subject in the West African School Certificate, General Certificate in Education and National Examinations Commission; the introduction of the Igbo language as a General Studies Course in tertiary institutions in the South-East States of Nigeria; the study of the Igbo language in universities to a doctoral degree level and the incentive of employing many graduates of Igbo language in schools and other sectors, are enough prospects that the Igbo language will not go into extinction in the foreseeable future, in spite of all odds.
Cultural Diplomacy and National Development: A Study of the Nigerian Entertainment Industry
Authors: Sotubo EC-U , Chidozie FC 
Published: November 2014

Recent scholarship in international relations, particularly foreign policy discourse has focused attention on the increasing interface between cultural diplomacy and national development. This has become necessary in view of the growing level of involvement of individuals and institutions other than traditional diplomats in promoting diplomacy across different societies and sectors. Indeed,unlike formal diplomacy, cultural diplomacy has become a subtle method of engagement in contemporary international relations. It is on this score that this study investigates how cultural exchanges in the Nigerian entertainment industry engender development of that key sector. The study argues that the Nigerian artistes are not just singers or actors but are also representatives of Nigeria who act as pseudo-ambassadors by projecting Nigeria and Africa in their works, thus attracting development to the country and the continent. The study uses both primary and secondary data alongside a detailed historical, analytical and descriptive method to test the impact of the Nigerian entertainment industry on Nigeria.s national development. Findings indicate that, while cultural diplomacy promotes Nigeria.s image and international cooperation, it also enhances national development with income gotten from foreign investors and tourists. The study concludes that cultural diplomacy is a valuable, indeed, vital tool for Nigeria to win more friends, get international support, boost its economy and arrive at internal development. It recommends that, cultural values should be taken seriously and regarded as equally important as political and economic structures, as it is a major selling point for many advanced economies. Furthermore, adequate and substantial funding should be channelled to the preservation and development of the Nigerian culture. Key words: Cultural Diplomacy, National Development, Foreign Policy, Nigerian Entertainment Industry
HDlive in Assisted Human Reproduction
Authors: Bonilla-Musoles F , Raga F , Bonilla F , Castillo JC , Caballero O 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Summary
The evaluation of the following assisted human reproduction situations using HDlive are described: natural cycles and corpus luteum, IVF stimulated cycles, gynecological pathologies related with infertility and Müllerian malformations.

How to cite this article
Castillo JC, Caballero O, Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Bonilla-Musoles F. HDlive in Assisted Human Reproduction. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):229-233.
Method for the Systematic Reviews on Occupational Therapy and Driving and Community Mobility for Older Adults
Authors: Arbesman Marian , Lieberman Deborah , Berlanstein Debra R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Systematic reviews of literature relevant to driving and community mobility for older adults are important to the practice of occupational therapy. We describe the four questions that served as the focus for the systematic reviews of the effectiveness of occupational therapy assessments and interventions for driving and community mobility for older adults. We include the background for the reviews; the process followed for each question, including search terms and search strategy; the databases searched; and the methods used to summarize and critically appraise the literature. The final number of articles included in each systematic review, a summary of the themes of the results, the strengths and limitations of the findings, and the implications for practice, education, and research are presented.
Education as Engine
Authors: Mitcham Maralynne D. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The pull of education is a powerful engine for societal change. Education is a values-driven product with specific and objective aims that serve society. The values of professional occupational therapy education were laid down at the field’s inception, although they have changed with the passage of time and in response to the profession’s and society’s occupational needs. Learning is different from education and is an individual process that requires facilitators with well-honed pedagogies if it is to fuel the engine pulling the profession forward. Keeping occupation as the central core of the profession serves as a necessary filter that allows more diligent thinking and linking between occupation and other relevant topics. Living life to its fullest—our own lives and the lives of our service recipients—demonstrates progress in the idiosyncratic arrangement of habits and routines that are personally meaningful, socially satisfying, and culturally relevant.
Dome-Shaped Macula Associated with Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy
Authors: Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Zucchiatti Ilaria , Fasce Francesco , Cascavilla Maria Lucia , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Bandello Francesco 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Dome-shaped macula (DSM) has been described recently as an inward convexity of the macula typical of myopic eyes detectable on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The authors describe a case of monolateral DSM associated with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD). Methods Case report. Results A 60-year-old man already diagnosed with VMD in vitelliruptive stage underwent SD-OCT that revealed the typical vitelliform material accumulation associated in the left eye with a convex elevation of the macula. No change was registered over a 1-year follow-up. Conclusions This is the first report describing a monolateral DSM associated with VMD. Dome-shaped macula could be considered as a nonspecific scleral alteration, probably due to increased scleral thickness, which can accompany many retinal disorders.
Acute mastoiditis in children in the State of Qatar
Authors: Albaraznji Shihab Mohammed , Al Ansari Khalid , Radi Mayed Mohamed 
Published: November 2014

Background:Acute mastoiditis is a serious complication of otitis media. Its diagnosis and treatment carry a great importance due to its potentially serious consequences. This study was designed to evaluate recent clinical experiences with pediatric acute mastoiditis in the State of Qatar. Our objectives were to highlight the importance of this disease and its possible complications, which emphasize the necessity of early diagnosis and proper treatment. We also assessed the commonality of this condition compared to some other countries as well as explored their experience in this regard.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective study of all children ≤ 14 years presenting to the pediatric emergency centers (PEC) in the State of Qatar between January 2005 and December 2008, with a clinical diagnosis of acute mastoiditis supported by CT scan findings.Results:Twenty-seven patients were diagnosed with acute mastoiditis during the study period, with a mean age of 5.4 years. Only four children were diagnosed with otitis media and started on antibiotics a few days prior to presentation. The following signs and symptoms recorded on presentation were: fever in 77%, ear pain in 51%, ear discharge in 40%, postauricular swelling in 100%. The most frequent pathogen cultured by ear swab wasPseudomonas aeruginosa(in six out of sixteen patients who presented with ear discharge). One patient needed surgical intervention for mastoid abscess. There were two recorded complications of mastoid abscess in one patient that needed drainage and facial palsy in three patients. No mortality was reported during the study period.Conclusions:Acute mastoiditis in children is not uncommon in the State of Qatar. Full recovery with conservative treatment is noticed in most cases.Pseudomonas aeruginosais a common pathogen which indicates the need for broader systemic coverage in early diagnosis. Moreover, in order to promote adequate management and prevent inherently severe complications, great care is required from clinicians to reach early diagnosis. Involvement of the otolaryngology physician from the beginning is very significant.
Elective total knee arthroplasty in haemophilic patients
Authors: Strauss A. , Goldmann G. , Oldenburg J. , Wirtz D. C. , Pennekamp P. H. , Wallny T. A. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides significant pain relief and better function in patients with end-stage haemophilic knee arthropathy. Peri- and postoperative care tends to be more complex than in non-haemophilic patients undergoing TKA and requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Aim: The implementation of standardized clinical pathways in non-haemophilic patients undergoing TKA has been shown to increase quality of care and to reduce postoperative complication rates. Consequently, the use of clinical pathways in haemophilic patients undergoing TKA may be beneficial to this particular subpopulation of patients. Methods: A clinical pathway for TKA for haemophilic patients was designed in a consensus process involving all participating departments. Results: We propose a specifically adjusted clinical pathway for TKA for haemophilic patients to show that standardization of elective orthopaedic surgery in haemophilia is feasible. Conclusion: The authors emphasize that there are limitations on categorizing haemophilic patients and stress that individual interdisciplinary treatment should take precedence over a standardized approach.
Lebensmittelkonsum und Ernährungs-verhalten bei Patienten mit Hämophilie vor und nach Ernährungsberatung
Authors: Hilberg W. , Poschmann J. , Straaten S. , Hilberg T. , Czepa D. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIn over two-thirds of deaths, nutrition is a determining factor. Nutritional condition and dietary recommandations are unspecified in the haemophilia treatment. Aim of this study was to examine the food consumption and dietary behaviour in affected patients before and after a nutrition consultation. Patients, methods: Data were assessed via questionnaires and compared between 38 patients with haemophilia (PwH) and 20 controls without haemophilia. Furthermore, in a ran-domized controlled trial 11 patients with haemophilia (PwH-I) took part in an adapted nutrition consultation and were supervised over six months as opposed to 12 patients with haemophilia (PwH-O) without intervention. PwH were compared to controls more pleased with their weight (53 vs. 40%), used more nutrition consultations in the past (53 vs. 15%) and consumed more dairy products (40 vs. 15%) and fruits (45 vs. 30%). Results: After nutrition consultation PwH-I were better informed about their own blood values than PwH-O. The nutrition rated high in both groups, but PwH-I were more mindful of the feeling of satiety (9 vs. 36%) compared to PwH-O (33 vs. 17%). Moreover, PwH-I ate less under stress and/or out of boredom, showed a higher satisfaction regarding their weight and increased the liquid intake (55 vs. 73%), which remained unchanged in PwH-O with 42%. Compared to PwH-O, PwH-I ate more roughage, low-fat food, fish and fruits, therefore consuming less coffee/tea. Conclusion: Food consumption and dietary behaviour are similar between patients with haemo - philia and controls without haemophilia. A nutrition consultation affected the food consumption and dietary behaviour in patients with haemophilia positively and can consequently contribute to preservation of health and prevention of nutritional diseases.
Successful thrombolytic treatment of neonatal arterial thromboses
Authors: Dinger J. , Brenner S. , Hofmann S. R. , Ifflaender S. , Knöfler R. , Stächele J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryCompared to children of other age groups neonates show an increased thrombotic risk. The acute therapy depends on thrombus age, the localisation of vascular occlusion and the severity of the underlying disease. The treatment of choice is represented by the administration of unfractionated (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). If loss of limbs or organs is imminent, the application of thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) should be considered whilst taking into account the associated bleeding risk. We report on two patients in which thrombolytic therapy has been conducted successfully.
Altersabhängige Ansteuerung der Muskulatur im Stand bei Patienten mit Hämophilie
Authors: Stäuber F. , Brunner A. , Czepa D. , Krüger S. , Wendel M. , Seuser A. , Hilberg T. , Göhler S. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe haemophilic arthropathy affects the function of the knee joint muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the myoelectrical signal of knee joint muscles in different age stages during upright standing. Surface EMG (SEMG) amplitudes of quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemii were measured in 191 patients with severe haemophilia A (n=164) and B (n=27) while standing on an even surface. After an age-based classification of patients into the subgroups HA: 17–29 (n = 37), HB: 30–39 (n = 50), HC: 40–49 (n = 61), HD: 50–70 in years (n = 43) the clinical WFH score for the ankle and knee joint was determined. To normalize the SEMG values amplitude ratios (percentage of cumulated activity) were calculated with respect to the specific limb. With increasing age, the patient showed descriptively a deterioration of the joint situation. The extensors of the knee joint reached significantly higher absolute and percentage levels in the muscle activity with increasing age (p < 0.05). The absolute amplitude values of the Mm. gastrocnemii showed no differences in the age groups while the relative levels were decreased.The present study shows that patients with increasing age and degree of haemophilic arthro pathy deve lop a modified control strategy during upright standing, in the form of a shift from the plantar flexors to the extensors of the knee joint.
Evaluation of Cucurbita maxima Extract against Scopolamine- Induced Amnesia in Rats: Implication of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha
Authors: Jawaid Talha , Shakya Ashok K. , Siddiqui Hefazat Hussain , Kamal Mehnaz 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Cucurbita maxima (CM) seed oil is commonly used in Indian folk medicine to treat various ailments. We have investigated the effect of CM seed oil on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in rats. Male adult Wistar rats were administered scopolamine 1 mg/kg body weight, i.p. or 1:25 mg/kg body weight, s.c. to induce memory impairment. The nootropic agent piracetam 100 mg/kg body weight, i.p. and CM seed oil 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o. were administered daily for five consecutive days. The memory function was evaluated in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, the social recognition test (SRT), the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and the pole climbing test (PCT). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress parameters were estimated in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the brains after completion of the behavioural studies. The effects of scopolamine on the levels of the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) transcript were also investigated. Scopolamine caused memory impairment in all the behavioural paradigms along with a significant increase in the AChE activity and oxidative stress in the brain. Scopolamine also caused a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus. CM seed oil exhibited antiamnesic activity as indicated by a significant reduction in the latency time in the MWM test and decreased social interaction during trial 2 in the SRT. Further, treatment with CM seed oil significantly decreased the AChE activity and malondialdehyde levels and increased the glutathione level in brain regions. CM seed oil also significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α in the hippocampus. The effect of CM seed oil on behavioural and biochemical parameters was comparable to that observed in rats treated with piracetam. These results indicate that CM seed oil may exert antiamnesic activity which may be attributed to the inhibition of AChE and inflammation as well as its antioxidant activity in the brain.
Conhecimento de alunos do curso de Educação Física sobre avulsão dentária
Authors: Silva Evelyn Darly da , Siqueira Maria de Fátima Gabínio , Gomes Monalisa Cesarino , Clementino Marayza Alves , Garcia Ana Flávia Granville- , Ferreira Jainara Maria Soares 
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos do 5° ao 8° período do curso de Educação Física do Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ) sobre a avulsão dentária. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado com 70 acadêmicos de Educação Física, de uma universidade particular. O conhecimento sobre avulsão dentária foi avaliado a partir de um questionário contendo 10 questões objetivas acerca do tema proposto. Os dados coletados foram analisados pelo Programa Estatístico SPSS v.13.0 etrabalhados sob forma de estatística descritiva, por meio de números absolutos e percentuais. Resultados: Um total de 64,3% informou não ter estudado na graduação assuntos referentes a traumatismos dentários e95,7% dos pesquisados afirmaram não terem atendido casos de avulsão dentária. Os participantes afirmaram que lavariam o dente com água da torneira (20.0%) e os manteriam em recipientes sem líquido (21.4%).Conclusão: Os acadêmicos possuem conhecimentos limitados e a maioria não conhece os procedimentos para atendimento imediato em casos de avulsão dentária. Dessa forma, há necessidade de implantação de programas de educação e formação em procedimentos de primeiros socorros em relação à avulsão dentária, direcionado à professores de educação física e alunos de todas as instituições de ensino.Descritores: Avulsão dentária. Reimplante dentário. Educação em saúde.
Avaliação da utilização de aparelhos de raios-x em consultórios odontológicos em Belo Horizonte, Brasil
Authors: Castro Maurício Augusto Aquino de , Aguiar Viviane Lemos Frade , Santos Cláudio Roberto , Abreu Mara Valadares de , Abdo Evandro Neves , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e 
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento teórico e a prática radiológica dos cirurgiões dentistas no município de Belo Horizonte. Materiais e Métodos: Foi aplicado questionário para 256 dentistas registrados em Belo Horizonte, selecionados aleatoriamente, enfocando aspectos relacionados ao conhecimento teórico e à prática radiológica na clínica odontológica. Os dados foram analisados pormeio de análise de frequência e análise bivariada. Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 53,9% possuíam aparelhos de raios-X. Destes, 19,6% não conheciam o tipo de aparelho que utilizavam. Os profissionais com até 20 anos de formatura apresentaram maior conhecimento sobre as técnicas radiográficas e sobre as medidas de radioproteção e biossegurança, porém mostraram menor conhecimento sobre as características do aparelho que utilizavam. Por outro lado, os profissionais formados há mais de 21 anos demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre a aparelhagem e menor conhecimento em relação às técnicas radiográficas, medidas de radioproteção e biossegurança. A câmara portátil foi o ambiente de processamento mais utilizado. Conclusão: Detectou-se que a prática radiolgica apresenta problemas diferenciados, sugerindo a necessidade de melhorias na formação e atualização profissionais.Descritores: Radiografia dentária. Proteção radiológica. Condutas na prática dos dentistas.
Development of questionnaire on dentists’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Moura Mariela Dutra Gontijo , Gomes Cristiano Mauro Assis , Blanc Silvia López de , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e 
Published: November 2014

Aim: This study aimed to construct and evaluate the cross-cultural adaptation of DK-HIV-Q in an Argentine Spanish version. Methods: A translation and back translation of the DK-HIV-Q questionnaire were completed, as the original questionnaire had been formulated in Portuguese by a Brazilian researcher. The DKHIV- Q was tested in two pilot studies conducted with Argentine dentists. Results: The committee of experts, consisting of three bilingual dentists, an epidemiology dentist, a general clinical dentist, and an oral pathologyspecialist, fully agreed on the conceptual relevance of the general domain and the 4-domain structure for the DK-HIV-Q, such as the declarative knowledge of the transmission of HIV/AIDS, the declarative knowledge of oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, the procedural knowledge of proper dental practice, and the procedural knowledge of infection control measures. A final version of the DK-HIV-Q showed a satisfactory degree of semantic accuracy and semantic equivalence with the original version, and proved to be satisfactorilyconceptual and useful as an initial indicator for a subsequent study of construct validity. Conclusion: This study described the specific details of the construction of the DK-HIV-Q and aspects of the content validity process, which is one of the main procedures to be considered by healthcare researchers and professionalswho are interested in using reliable and appropriate measurements and instrument scales for given population groups, such as HIV/AIDS patients.Uniterms: HIV. Health knowledge, atitudes, practice. Questionnaires.
Tratamento odontológico prévio a transplante de células tronco-hematopoiéticas: um relato de caso
Authors: Melgaço da Costa José Leonardo Barbosa , De Souza Neila Clarisse , Pinto Júnior Aécio Abner Campos , Guimarães Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , E Silva Maria Elisa de Souza 
Published: November 2014

O linfoma é uma neoplasia malígna que se desenvolve nos gânglios linfáticos e uma possível abordagem terapêutica para esta doença é o transplante de medula óssea. Sob condições de imunossupressão, todo foco infeccioso pode ser ativado e, em função disto, toda infecção ativa em pacientes pré-transplantes de células hematopoiéticas deve ser erradicada previamente, para prevenir ou reduzir riscos de complicações sistêmicas nestes pacientes. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de atendimento odontológico a um paciente com necessidade premente de transplante de células tronco-hematopoiéticas, acometido de Linfoma não-Hodgkin.Descritores: Transplante de medula óssea. Assistência odontológica. Reabsorção da raiz.