bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing higher nitride of molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) in ammonia (NH3) gas stream under irradiation of concentrated solar beam in a solar furnace
Authors: Shohoji N. , Almeida Costa Oliveira F. , Cruz Fernandes J. , Guerra Rosa L. , Rodríguez Garcia J. , Canadas Martínez I. , Ramos Miñarro C. , Magalhães T. , Cestari F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFlowing gaseous ammonia NH3 with suppressed extent of dissociation (un‐cracked NH3) is acknowledged to function as a powerful nitriding medium to realize formation of metal nitride MNx with considerably high N/M ratio x that cannot be achieved through reaction of M with N2 gas. For example, mono‐nitride δ‐MoN of Mo and ε‐FeNx phase of Fe with x = 0.33 ˜ 0.50 (i. e. hypo‐stoichiometric sub‐nitride ε‐Fe2N) were reported to be difficult to prepare in N2 gas environment even at elevated pressure but might be synthesized in flowing NH3 gas at normal pressure when reaction temperature and NH3 gas flow rate were set adequately. In the present work, nitriding experiments for Mo and Fe were carried out in flowing NH3 gas under irradiation with concentrated solar beam. The acquired experimental evidences demonstrated that temperature range for formation of δ‐MoN was somewhat extended in flowing NH3 gas under heating with concentrated solar beam compared with that under heating in conventional laboratory or industrial electric furnace. On the other hand, no such merit of extending temperature range for formation of ε‐Fe2N in flowing NH3 gas was detected in the present work under heating with concentrated solar beam.
Individualism/collectivism, charitable giving, and cause‐related marketing: a comparison of Chinese and Americans
Authors: Wang Ye 
Published: December 2013

With the global expansion of cause‐related marketing (CRM), advertisers need to know whether and how cultural and societal differences impact attitude toward CRM across markets. To add to that knowledge, the present study identifies two consumer traits, that is, individualism/collectivism and perception of individual charitable giving as a social norm, and investigates and compares their influence on attitude toward CRM. By conducting surveys with Chinese and American samples, the present study found that gender, horizontal collectivism (HC), and perception of individual charitable giving as a social norm were significantly associated with attitude toward CRM in the American sample, whereas horizontal individualism, HC, and vertical collectivism were significant predictors of attitude toward CRM in the Chinese sample. Theoretically, these findings suggest that associations between one cultural dimension and the attitude toward CRM are independent to relationships involving other dimensions. And the particular circumstance of a local market may determine which consumer traits will actually have a significant association with attitude toward CRM. Practically, the findings suggest that advertisers may want to choose social causes that have national impact in China because there is a tendency of achieving egoistic enhancement through individual charitable giving whereas social causes that are relevant to female consumers are better strategic choices in the USA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Overview of Plant Volatile Metabolomics, Sample Treatment and Reporting Considerations with Emphasis on Mechanical Damage and Biological Control of Weeds
Authors: Beck John J. , Smith Lincoln , Baig Nausheena 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe technology for the collection and analysis of plant‐emitted volatiles for understanding chemical cues of plant–plant, plant–insect or plant–microbe interactions has increased over the years. Consequently, the in situ collection, analysis and identification of volatiles are considered integral to elucidation of complex plant communications. Due to the complexity and range of emissions the conditions for consistent emission of volatiles are difficult to standardise.ObjectiveTo discuss: evaluation of emitted volatile metabolites as a means of screening potential target‐ and non‐target weeds/plants for insect biological control agents; plant volatile metabolomics to analyse resultant data; importance of considering volatiles from damaged plants; and use of a database for reporting experimental conditions and results.MethodRecent literature relating to plant volatiles and plant volatile metabolomics are summarised to provide a basic understanding of how metabolomics can be applied to the study of plant volatiles.ResultsAn overview of plant secondary metabolites, plant volatile metabolomics, analysis of plant volatile metabolomics data and the subsequent input into a database, the roles of plant volatiles, volatile emission as a function of treatment, and the application of plant volatile metabolomics to biological control of invasive weeds.ConclusionIt is recommended that in addition to a non‐damaged treatment, plants be damaged prior to collecting volatiles to provide the greatest diversity of odours. For the model system provided, optimal volatile emission occurred when the leaf was punctured with a needle. Results stored in a database should include basic environmental conditions or treatments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azopolymer‐based micro‐ and nanopatterning for photonic applications
Authors: Priimagi Arri , Shevchenko Andriy 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAzopolymers comprise a unique materials platform, in which the photoisomerization reaction of azobenzene molecules can induce substantial material motions at molecular, mesoscopic, and even macroscopic length scales. In particular, amorphous azopolymer films can form stable surface relief patterns upon exposure to interfering light. This allows obtaining large‐area periodic micro‐ and nanostructures in a remarkably simple way. Herein, recent progress in the development of azopolymer‐based surface‐patterning techniques for photonic applications is reviewed. Starting with a thin azopolymer layer, one can create a variety of photonic elements, such as diffraction gratings, microlens arrays, plasmonic sensors, antireflection coatings, and nanostructured light‐polarization converters, either by using the azopolymer surface patterns themselves as optical elements or by utilizing them to microstructure or nanostructure other materials. Both of these domains are covered, with the aim of triggering further research in this fascinating field of science and technology that is far from being harnessed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 163–182
A modified dynamic surface approach for control of nonlinear systems with unknown input dead zone
Authors: Sun Guofa , Ren Xuemei , Chen Qiang , Li Dongwu 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper focuses on the robust output precise tracking control problem of uncertain nonlinear systems in pure‐feedback form with unknown input dead zone. By designing an extended state observer, the states unmeasurable problem in traditional feedback control is solved, and the lumped uncertainty, which is caused by system unknown functions and input dead zone, is estimated. In order to apply separation principle, finite‐time extended state observer is designed to obtain system states and estimate the lumped uncertainty. Then, by introducing tracking differentiator, a modified dynamic surface control approach is developed to eliminate the ‘explosion of complexity’ problem and guarantee the tracking performance of system output. Because tracking differentiator is a fast precise signal filter, the closed‐loop control performance is significantly improved when it is used in dynamic surface control instead of first‐order filters. The L ∞  stability of the whole closed‐loop system, which guarantees both the transient and steady‐state performance, is shown by the Lyapunov method and initialization technique. Numerical and experiment examples are performed to illustrate our proposed control scheme with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust global uniform asymptotic stabilization of underactuated surface vessels with unknown model parameters
Authors: Xie Wenjing , Ma Baoli 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe full‐state stabilization scheme is proposed for the control of an underactuated surface vessel with unknown modeling parameters. By knowing only the upper/lower bounds of model parameters, the designed controller is the first one able to globally uniformly asymptotically stabilize all the states of the vessel to zero. The virtual surge velocity control law is first derived, which makes the Lyapunov function at the kinematic level non‐increasing, irrelevant to the yaw velocity, leaving a freedom for choosing the virtual yaw velocity control law to stabilize the other state variables. After finishing the design of virtual velocity law, the back‐stepping approach and the Lyapunov redesign technique are combined to obtain the actual force/torque control law despite parameter uncertainties. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law, showing that all the states and the control inputs are globally uniformly asymptotically convergent to zero under parameter uncertainties and are globally bounded under unknown external bounded disturbances. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac function in 10‐year‐old twins following different fetal therapies for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Gardiner H. M. , Matsui H. , Roughton M. , Greenwald S. E. , Diemert A. , Taylor M. J. O. , Hecher K. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare cardiac function at 10 years of age in four groups of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pairs: uncomplicated MCDA twins (n = 6) (Group 1); twins that had had twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) managed by amnioreduction (TTTS‐amnio, n = 9) (Group 2) or laser photocoagulation (TTTS‐laser, n = 10) (Group 3); and dichorionic diamniotic controls (DCDA, n = 6) (Group 4).MethodsEchocardiograms optimizing apical four‐chamber and short‐axis left ventricular views were stored for offline speckle‐tracking analysis, blinded to twin type. Myocardial long‐axis shortening and lengthening velocities were measured using pulsed Doppler ultrasound at the cardiac base. M‐mode measurements of fractional shortening (short axis) and maximal excursion of the atrioventricular annulus (four‐chamber) were recorded. Syngo Vector Velocity Imaging software tracked left ventricular myocardial motion offline to produce free wall strain, strain rate and rotation. Intertwin pair and group differences were investigated using ANOVA.ResultsCardiac measurements were within the normal ranges for 10‐year‐olds. No significant within‐twin‐pair and intergroup differences were found in current size, heart rates, strain or strain rate. Compared to DCDA controls, TTTS twins showed less cardiac rotation (TTTS‐laser, P < 0.001 and TTTS‐amnio, P = 0.054) with significant intertwin reduction in the ex‐recipient (TTTS‐amnio, P = 0.006) and larger MCDA twins (P = 0.027) compared with their cotwins. A similar pattern was seen in left ventricular early diastolic mitral valve tissue velocity (MVE′) in all monochorionic groups, but only achieving significance in TTTS‐amnio twins (P = 0.037). Intrapair differences in rotation and MVE′ were significantly different following treatment at Quintero stages III or IV.ConclusionsWithin‐twin‐pair patterns of left ventricular rotation and diastolic function differ at 10 years of age in ex‐recipients of TTTS twins treated with amnioreduction compared with those treated by laser photocoagulation and controls. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oxidative stress response ofBlakeslea trisporainduced by H2O2 during β-carotene biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Hong-Bo , Luo Jun , Huang Xiao-Yan , Lu Ming-Bo , Yu Long-Jiang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe cellular response of Blakeslea trispora to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in shake flask culture was investigated in this study. A mild oxidative stress was created by adding 40 μm of H2O2 into the medium after 3 days of the fermentation. The production of β-carotene increased nearly 38 % after a 6-day culture. Under the oxidative stress induced by H2O2, the expressions of hmgr, ipi, carG, carRA, and carB involving the β-carotene biosynthetic pathway all increased in 3 h. The aerobic metabolism of glucose remarkably accelerated within 24 h. In addition, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased. These changes of B. trispora were responses for reducing cell injury, and the reasons for increasing β-carotene production caused by H2O2.
Systematic review of the use of intravenous amiodarone and nifekalant for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Japan
Authors: Amino Mari , Yoshioka Koichiro , Kanda Shigetaka , Deguchi Yoshiaki , Nakamura Mari , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Inokuchi Sadaki , Tanabe Teruhisa , Ikari Yuji 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous amiodarone is considered to be the first‐line drug for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. However, in Japan, nifekalant had been used before the introduction of amiodarone; therefore, most clinical studies on amiodarone use have been small‐scale studies. The aim of the present study was to review the literature concerning the actual use of amiodarone and nifekalant in order to evaluate the effects of both drugs and the most appropriate mode of administration.MethodsThe Japan Medical Abstracts Society, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to identify the reports. The resulting data were used for a systematic review focusing on the effectiveness of amiodarone in comparison with that of nifekalant and the dose differential effect of amiodarone.ResultsThe search returned 9 studies, including 310 patients, that compared the effectiveness of amiodarone and nifekalant, as well as 3 studies, including 108 patients, that analyzed the effectiveness of treatment according to amiodarone dose. Of 418 patients, 187 in whom amiodarone was used for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were included in a review that compared the doses recommended by Japanese guidelines 2009 (125 mg intravenous [i.v.] over 10 min) and the American Heart Association guidelines (300 mg bolus i.v.). Amiodarone and nifekalant were equally effective in preventing electrical storm (67% vs. 67%). The defibrillation effect for CPR was also equal in the 2 groups (60% vs. 54%). Hypotension and bradycardia were recorded as adverse effects in the amiodarone group (9.5% and 5.3%), whereas torsades de pointes was observed in the nifekalant group (1.4%). In the analysis of the dose‐differential effect of amiodarone, the rates of successful return of spontaneous circulation and discharge survival were higher in the 125‐mg slow i.v. group than in the 300‐mg bolus i.v. group (76% vs. 53% and 54% vs. 26%, respectively).ConclusionsAmiodarone and nifekalant were equivalent in their prophylactic and defibrillation efficacy. Concerning the initial amiodarone dose, the 125 mg intravenous [i.v.] over 10 min seemed to be more appropriate for the Japanese population.
Stability of film flow over inclined topography based on a long-wave nonlinear model
Authors: Tseluiko D. , Blyth M. G. , Papageorgiou D. T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe stability of a viscous liquid film flowing under gravity down an inclined wall with periodic corrugations is investigated. A long-wave model equation valid at near-critical Reynolds numbers is used to study the film dynamics, and calculations are performed for either sinusoidal or rectangular wall corrugations assuming either a fixed flow rate in the film or a fixed volume of fluid within each wall period. Under the two different flow assumptions, steady solution branches are delineated including subharmonic branches, for which the period of the free surface is an integer multiple of the wall period, and the existence of quasi-periodic branches is demonstrated. Floquet–Bloch theory is used to determine the linear stability of steady, periodic solutions and the nature of any instability is analysed using the method of exponentially weighted spaces. Under certain conditions, and depending on the wall period, the flow may be convectively unstable for small wall amplitudes but undergo transition to absolute instability as the wall amplitude increases, a novel theoretical finding for this class of flows; in other cases, the flow may be convectively unstable for small wall amplitudes but stable for larger wall amplitudes. Solutions with the same spatial period as the wall become unstable at a critical Reynolds number, which is strongly dependent on the period size. For sufficiently small wall periods, the corrugations have a destabilizing effect by lowering the critical Reynolds number above which instability occurs. For slightly larger wall periods, small-amplitude corrugations are destabilizing but sufficiently large-amplitude corrugations are stabilizing. For even larger wall periods, the opposite behaviour is found. For sufficiently large wall periods, the corrugations are destabilizing irrespective of their amplitude. The predictions of the linear theory are corroborated by time-dependent simulations of the model equation, and the presence of absolute instability under certain conditions is confirmed. Boundary element simulations on an inverted substrate reveal that wall corrugations can have a stabilizing effect at zero Reynolds number.
Does where you stand depend on how you behave? Networking behavior as an alternative explanation for gender differences in network structure
Authors: Gremmen Ine , Akkerman Agnes , Benschop Yvonne 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to gain insight into the relations between gender, networking behavior and network structure, in order to investigate the relevance of gender for organizational networks. Semi-structured interviews with 39 white, Dutch, women and men account managers were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our study's results show that the men account managers employ exchange and affect-based trust networking and, to a lesser extent, authoritative networking, whereas the women account managers employ affect-based trust and also use exchange. Authoritative networking appears to foster higher status ties, exchange networking behavior fosters lower status ties and affect-based trust networking fosters equal status ties. Gender differences in network structure may be explained by networking behavior rather than by gender. Our study is limited by the size of our group of respondents (n= 39). A larger sample is needed to test hypotheses concerning the relations between networking behavior, network structure and gender in a more rigorous manner than our study allowed. However, our research material enabled us to test these relations in a sound, be it preliminary way. Our study suggests to focus less on gender as a demographic bivariate category to explain gender differences in network structures and outcomes. In so doing, organizational network research will gain more insight into how gender expectations are negotiated in networking. In organizational practice, this will support organization members to employ the diversity of networking behaviors necessary to generate optimal network structures and outcomes. While most organizational network research focuses on network structures, we introduce the relational process of fostering network relations as central to women's and men's networking behavior. Networking behavior may have greater explanatory power for differences in network structure, than gender as a demographic, bivariate variable.
The Joint Dynamics of Equity Market Factors
Authors: Christoffersen Peter , Langlois Hugues 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe 4 equity market factors from Fama and French (1993) and Carhart (1997) are pervasive in academia and practice. However, not much is known about their joint distribution and dynamics. We find striking evidence of asymmetric tail dependence across the factors. While the linear factor correlations are small and even negative, the extreme correlations are large and positive, so that the linear correlations drastically overstate the benefits of diversification across the factors. We model the nonlinear factor dependence dynamics and explore their economic importance in a portfolio allocation experiment showing that significant economic value is earned when acknowledging nonlinear dependence.
The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, and otolaryngology: review of the evidence
Authors: Aval S , Pabla L , Flood L M 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground:The adoption of evidence-based practice is fundamental to good medical care; it ensures that intervention is clinically effective and safe. In a world of limited healthcare resources, consideration of cost-effectiveness must, unfortunately, restrict clinicians' choice. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has, for over 10 years, developed guidance to achieve a national consensus on best practice.Objectives:This review describes the Institute's methodology, examines guidance relevant to otolaryngology and presents more recent research to update the evidence.
XL.—The Linear Difference-differential Equation with Constant Coefficients
Authors: Wright E. M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryUnder the condition that one at least of the leading coefficients amn, a0n differs from zero, the equationhas as solution a series convergent for all x greater (or all x less) than a fixed number. The coefficients of the various terms in the series are expressed in terms of the arbitrary values of the solution and its first n derivatives in an initial interval of appropriate length.This paper was assisted in publication by a grant from the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland.
Use of laboratory-based surveillance data to estimate the number of people chronically infected with hepatitis B living in Scotland
Authors: SCHNIER C. , WALLACE L. , TEMPELTON K. , AITKEN C. , GUNSON R. N. , MOLYNEAUX P. , McINTYRE P. , POVEY C. , GOLDBERG D. , HUTCHINSON S. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYIt is paramount to understand the epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B to inform national policies on vaccination and screening/testing as well as cost-effectiveness studies. However, information on the national (Scottish) prevalence of chronic hepatitis B by ethnic group is lacking. To estimate the number of people with chronic hepatitis B in Scotland in 2009 by ethnicity, gender and age, the test data from virology laboratories in the four largest cities in Scotland were combined with estimates of the ethnic distribution of the Scottish population. Ethnicity in both the test data and the Scottish population was derived using a name-based ethnicity classification software (OnoMAP; Publicprofiler Ltd, UK). For 2009, we estimated 8720 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7490–10 230] people aged ⩾15 years were living with chronic hepatitis B infection in Scotland. This corresponds to 0·2% (95% CI 0·17–0·24) of the Scottish population aged ⩾15 years. Although East and South Asians make up a small proportion of the Scottish population, they make up 44% of the infected population. In addition, 75% of those infected were aged 15–44 years with almost 60% male. This study quantifies for the first time on a national level the burden of chronic hepatitis B infection by ethnicity, gender and age. It confirms the importance of promoting and targeting ethnic minority groups for hepatitis B testing.