bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational Teaching in Mental Health Education: A 20‐Year Narrative Review
Authors: Shearer Kelly Duggan , Lister Zephon D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRelational teaching emphasizes the development of the student in the context of the teacher‐student relationship. Given that the field of marriage and family therapy (MFT) emphasizes relationships as central to the discipline, relational teaching practices provide an approach for MFT educators to train relationally attuned, socially just clinicians. We conducted a narrative review of published research from 2003 to 2023 on the conceptualization and application of a relational teaching framework in mental health clinical education programs. After screening, a total of 25 articles were identified for analysis. Four themes were identified within the literature: (1) using isomorphism to teach relational skills, (2) addressing power, (3) course application, and (4) obstacles to implementation. The findings of this study suggest that applying a relational framework to MFT education capitalizes on systemic concepts of isomorphism and social justice, conceptualizing the teacher‐student relationship as a means to train students in relational processes that are essential in therapeutic relationships.
Comparison of the effect of Kegel plus abdominal exercises and Kegel only exercises on urinary incontinence severity, quality of life, and sleep quality in postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Başgöl Şükran , Koç Emine , Kaydırak Meltem Mecdi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Kegel exercises plus abdominal exercises to Kegel only exercises on urinary incontinence severity, quality of life, and sleep quality in postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThis prospective, randomized controlled trial adhered to the CONSORT guidelines and included 70 postmenopausal women (35 in each group) diagnosed with SUI who attended an Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic in northern Turkey between May and November 2023. The experimental group performed Kegel and abdominal exercises, while the control group practiced Kegel exercises only. Both groups followed a 12‐week exercise program, with data collected through pre‐ and post‐tests and three face‐to‐face interviews during the intervention period.ResultsAfter the 12‐week exercise programs, both Kegel only and Kegel plus abdominal exercise combination decreased the severity of incontinence and improved quality of life and sleep quality in postmenopausal women with SUI (p < 0.001). However, in this population, Kegel plus abdominal exercises give better results than Kegel only exercises (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAccording to the outcome of this evidence‐based study, it is recommended that exercise programs combining Kegel and abdominal exercises be established for postmenopausal women with SUI within the scope of conservative treatment.
Generics as Expectations: Typicality and Diagnosticity
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter , Osta‐Vélez Matías 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGeneric statements play a crucial role in concept learning, communication and education. Despite many efforts, the semantics of generics remain a controversial issue, as they do not seem to fit our standard theories of meaning. In this article, we attempt to shed light on this problem by focusing on how these sentences function in reasoning. Drawing on a distinction between property and diagnostic generics, we defend three theses: First, property generics are not about facts but express relations between concepts. Second, generics play an important role in everyday reasoning by interacting with our expectations about the world. Third, diagnostic generics emphasise properties that separate the category in the generics from other categories in the same contrast class. We use the theory of conceptual spaces to advance measures of typicality and diagnosticity capable of modelling different aspects of generics and apply them to the modifier effect and the inverse conjunction fallacy. Finally, we discuss the pragmatics of generics.
The visual representation of 3D orientation in macaque areas STPp and VPS
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhao Bin , Chen Aihua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the current study, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the representation of three‐dimensional (3D) surface orientation within the posterior portion of the superior temporal polysensory area (STPp) and the visual posterior Sylvian area (VPS) in the macaque brain. Both areas are known for their integration of visual and vestibular signals, which are crucial for visual stability and spatial perception. However, it remains unclear how exactly these areas represent the orientation of 3D surfaces. To tackle this question, we used random dot stereograms (RDS) to present 3D planar stimuli defined by slant and tilt, with depth via binocular disparity. Through this method, we examined how STPp and VPS encode this information. Our results suggest that both regions encode the orientation and depth of 3D surfaces, with interactions among these parameters influencing neural responses. Additionally, we investigated how motion cues affect the perception of 3D surface orientation. STPp consistently encoded plane orientation information regardless of motion cue, whereas VPS responses showed less stability. These findings shed light on the distinct processing mechanisms for 3D spatial information in different cortical areas, offering insights into the neural basis of visual stability and spatial perception.
imageKey points
Both STPp and VPS can encode 3D surface orientation.
Slant is encoded independently from tilt and disparity in STPp and VPS areas.
TDD neurons shift their depth preferences based on tilt in STPp and VPS areas.
STPp maintains stable 3D orientation encoding under motion conditions, while VPS shows less stability with changes in tilt and disparity preferences.
Goal‐directed action preparation in humans entails a mixture of corticospinal neural computations
Authors: Wadsley Corey G. , Nguyen Thuan , Horton Chris , Greenhouse Ian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe seemingly effortless ability of humans to transition from thinking about actions to initiating them relies on sculpting corticospinal (CS) output from the primary motor cortex. The present study tested whether canonical additive and multiplicative neural computations, well‐described in sensory systems, generalize to the CS pathway during human action preparation. We used non‐invasive brain stimulation to measure CS input–output across varying action preparation contexts during instructed‐delay finger response tasks. Goal‐directed action preparation was marked by increased multiplicative gain of CS projections to task‐relevant muscles and additive suppression of CS projections to non‐selected and task‐irrelevant muscles. Individuals who modulated CS gain to a greater extent were faster to initiate prepared responses. Our findings provide physiological evidence of combined additive suppression and gain modulation in the human motor system. We propose that these computations support action preparation by enhancing the contrast between selected motor representations and surrounding background activity to facilitate response selection and execution.
imageKey points
Neural computations determine what information is transmitted through brain circuits.
We investigated whether the motor system uses computations similar to those observed in sensory systems by non‐invasively stimulating the corticospinal pathway in humans during goal‐directed action preparation.
We discovered physiological evidence indicating that corticospinal projections to behaviourally relevant muscles exhibit non‐linear gain computations, whereas projections to behaviourally irrelevant muscles exhibit linear suppression.
Our findings suggest that certain computational principles generalize to the human motor system and serve to enhance the contrast between relevant and background neural activity.
These results indicate that neural computations during goal‐directed action preparation may support motor control by increasing signal‐to‐noise within the corticospinal pathway.
Assessment of a Liquid Hydrogen Conditioning System for Retrofitting on Kerosene Designed Turbofans
Authors: Rompokos Pavlos , Kyritsis Vasileios , Mourouzidis Christos , Roumeliotis Ioannis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As energy transition to alternative fuels for civil aviation is likely to be gradual, hydrogen?s first entry to service may be implemented on existing gas turbine engines. In this paper a novel liquid hydrogen conditioning system for retrofitting on kerosene designed geared turbofans is assessed in terms of performance and engine rematching. The aim of the analysis is to identify emerging requirements for the design of the fuel and thermal management system within the constraints of a certified engine design. The conditioning system proposed, an LH2 preheater, enables the control of the gaseous hydrogen temperature at combustor entry and consists of a secondary combustor and a heat exchanger. The examined configuration considers various bleed source locations within the engine to supply the preheater system.
For performing the analysis, a kerosene fuelled engine has been designed and suitable integrated models capable to simulate the retrofitted hydrogen fuelled engine as well as the LH2 preheater operation have been developed. The system performance has been analysed for the different bleed source locations identifying operating limits and performance changes. From all the examined bleed source positions, utilizing the by- pass duct minimizes the impact on component rematching and engine efficiency. Additionally, through a gas path geometry multi-parametric analysis, it was found that by readjusting the capacity of the high-pressure turbine and the core nozzle area the certified limits can be met for the retrofitted engine.
Characterization of Crankcase Ventilation Gas on Stationary Natural Gas Engines
Authors: Quintero Arturo , Zdanowicz Andrew , Windom Bret , Olsen Daniel B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Natural gas stands out as a prominent alternative fuel, boasting a well-established infrastructure for extraction and transport, substantial cost advantages, and potential for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Its primary component, methane (CH4), offers lower CO2 emissions per unit of energy due to its high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. However, it's crucial to note that CH4 is a potent greenhouse gas, with a heat-trapping capacity approximately 28 times greater than CO2, subject to strict regulation by agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
This research presents a preliminary investigation into crankcase vent emissions, comprehensively characterizing field-engine, and lab-engine crankcase gas properties, including composition, flow rates, temperatures, pressures, and oil concentration/distribution. This study focuses on evaluating three engine types: Caterpillar G3516 ULB (four-stroke lean-burn), Caterpillar CG137-8 (four-stroke stoichiometric), and GMV-4TF (two-stroke lean-burn). A custom crankcase sampling probe, equipped with multiple instrumentation facilitated this study.
Findings highlight the significance of crankcase gas ventilation in contributing to CH4 emissions for four-stroke engines, ranging from 17% to 69% of total engine CH4 emissions. Additionally, entrained oil concentration ranged from 213.2 to 288.8 mg/m3-std, with oil particle sizes from 0.010µm to 10µm for four-stroke engines. Ongoing research aims to utilize these insights to develop an optimized closed recirculation system with efficient oil removal, preventing air-system fouling while effectively curtailing unnecessary CH4 emissions.
Detailed Investigation of Diesel-gas Dual Fuel Combustion Phenomena by Means of Combustion Chamber Endoscopy and 3D-CFD Simulation
Authors: Redtenbacher Christoph , Kiesling Constantin , Malin Maximilian , Nickl Andreas , Eder Lucas , Lackner Marcel , Wimmer Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The original paper's abstract is too long to be inserted here. It can be found in the uploaded PDF file.
Diversity and abundance of filamentous and non-filamentous “
Leptothrix”
in global wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Seguel Suazo Karina , Nierychlo Marta , Kondrotaite Zivile , Petriglieri Francesca , Peces Miriam , Singleton Caitlin , Dries Jan , Nielsen Per H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Species belonging to the genus
Leptothrix
are widely distributed in the environment and in activated sludge (AS) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). They are commonly found in iron-rich environments and reported to cause filamentous bulking in WWTPs. In this study, the diversity, distribution, and metabolic potential of the most prevalent
Leptothrix
spp. found in AS worldwide were studied. Our 16S rRNA amplicon survey showed that
Leptothrix
belongs to the general core community of AS worldwide, comprising 32 species with four species being most commonly found. Their taxonomic classification was re-evaluated based on both 16S rRNA gene and genome-based phylogenetic analysis showing that three of the most abundant “
Leptothrix”
species represented species in three other genera,
Rubrivivax
,
Ideonella
, and the novel genus,
Ca
. Intricatilinea. New fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH) probes revealed rod-shaped morphology for the novel
Ca
. Rubrivivax defluviihabitans and
Ca
. Ideonella esbjergensis
,
while filamentous morphology was found only for
Ca
. Intricatilinea gracilis. Analysis of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes revealed metabolic potential for aerobic growth, fermentation, storage of intracellular polymers, partial denitrification, photosynthesis, and iron reduction. FISH in combination with Raman microspectroscopy confirmed the
in situ
presence of chlorophyll and carotenoids in
Ca
. Rubrivivax defluviihabitans and
Ca
. Intricatilinea gracilis. This study resolves the taxonomy of abundant but poorly classified “
Leptothrix”
species, providing important insights into their diversity, morphology, and function in global AS wastewater treatment systems.

IMPORTANCE

The genus
Leptothrix
has been extensively studied and described since the 1880s, with six species currently described but with the majority uncultured and undescribed. Some species are assumed to have a filamentous morphology and can cause settling problems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Here, we revised the classification of the most abundant
Leptothrix
spp. present in WWTPs across the world, showing that most belong to other genera, such as
Rubrivivax
and
Ideonella
. Furthermore, most do not have a filamentous morphology and are not problematic in WWTPs as previously believed. Metabolic reconstruction, including some traits validated
in situ
by the application of new fluorescence
in situ
hybridization probes and Raman microspectroscopy, provided additional insights into their metabolism. The study has contributed to a better understanding of the diversity, morphology, and function of “
Leptothrix
,” which belong to the abundant core community across global activated sludge WWTPs.
Quorum sensing and DNA methylation play active roles in clinical
Burkholderia
phase variation
Authors: Coulon Pauline M. L. , Groleau Marie-Christine , Hachani Abderrahman , Padula Matthew P. , Stinear Timothy P. , Déziel Eric 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic diversity in bacteria often results from adaptation to changing environmental conditions, exemplified by variable colony morphotypes. In
Burkholderia pseudomallei
, discrete genomic alterations and modulation of gene expression facilitate adaptation. Adapted variants of species within the
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (Bcc) often lose the pC3 virulence megaplasmid, impacting their colony morphology and their production of virulence factors. In this study, we characterize variants arising in
Burkholderia ambifaria
clinical isolates using proteomics and phenotypic tests and show that some of them have retained the pC3, indicating a distinct phase variation mechanism at play in this Bcc species. Interestingly, variants of
B. ambifaria
strains CEP0996 (pC3-null) and HSJ1 (pC3-positive) still share similarities in phenotypes controlled by the Cep quorum-sensing (QS) system. We further investigated the role of QS in
B. ambifaria
HSJ1 phase variation and confirmed that the Cep QS system is important for the emergence of variants. Given that DNA methylation is a key epigenetic factor regulating virulence factors in
Burkholderia cenocepacia
, we hypothesized that adenosine DNA methylation also governs phase variation in
B. ambifaria
HSJ1. By deleting the genes encoding putative adenosine DNA methyltransferases, we discovered that an orphan type II DNA methyltransferase inhibits the emergence of phase variants. This study is the first to demonstrate that quorum sensing and adenosine DNA methylation are two antagonistic systems independently controlling phase variation in
B. ambifaria
.

IMPORTANCE

Some
Burkholderia
species are pathogenic to plants, animals, or humans. In immunocompromised individuals, and people suffering from cystic fibrosis, infection from the
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (Bcc) can lead to “
cepacia
syndrome.” In northern Australia and southeast Asia, melioidosis caused by
Burkholderia pseudomallei
is prevalent among native population, particularly among people with diabetes, chronic lung or kidney disease or alcoholism.
Burkholderia
’s phenotypic plasticity, including colony morphotype variation (CMV), enables rapid adaptation to diverse environments, enhancing its survival and pathogenicity. This study reveals phase variation as a new CMV mechanism within the Bcc group and is the first to report that quorum sensing and DNA methylation are involved in phase variation. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of CMV could lead to the development of targeted therapies against these highly antibiotic-tolerant bacteria.
Development of a nanobody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the sensitive detection of antibodies against porcine deltacoronavirus
Authors: Yu Ruiming , Zhang Liping , Bai Yingjie , Zhou Peng , Yang Jun , Wang Dongsheng , Wei Liyang , Zhang Zhongwang , Yan Chenghua , Wang Yonglu , Guo Huichen , Pan Li , Yuan Ligang , Liu Xinsheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine enteric coronavirus causing significant economic losses to the pig farming industry globally. In this study, we expressed the S protein of a highly virulent PDCoV strain in the CHO eukaryotic expression system. After immunizing alpaca with the PDCoV S protein and employing the phage display library technique, a high-affinity and specific nanobody Nb3 against PDCoV S protein was successfully established by three rounds of biopanning and a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, a competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed based on Nb3 to rapidly and efficiently detect PDCoV antibody levels. The cELISA displayed no cross-reaction with positive sera of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine rotavirus (PoRV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), or porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), thereby showing good specificity. The cELISA successfully detected positive sera diluted 1:127 (percentage inhibition ≥ 50.02%), indicating high sensitivity. Both the intra- and inter-batch coefficients of variation were less than 10%, indicating good repeatability. The cELISA had a total coincidence rate of 98.33% with the indirect immunofluorescence assay and a significant positive correlation with the virus neutralization test (
r
= 0.861,
P
< 0.001), suggesting that the cELISA can be used to measure the neutralizing antibody titers in serum samples. In conclusion, our nanobody-based cELISA showed good performance indicators and can be used to monitor and evaluate antibody levels following clinical infection of PDCoV or vaccine immunization.

IMPORTANCE
This study screened out a high-affinity and specific nanobody Nb3 against porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) S protein and established a nanobody-based competitive ELISA (cELISA) for PDCoV antibody detection. This cELISA is a simple, rapid, and specific method that can effectively measure the neutralizing antibody titers in serum samples.
Challenges for activating undergraduate research: a summary from the 2021 American Society for Microbiology Conference for Undergraduate Educators
Authors: Orton Ginger , Barnes Matthew A. , Syed Shifath Bin , Reid Joshua W. , Smith Allie C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Based on a growing understanding of the many benefits of undergraduate research, advocacy for undergraduate research experiences has increased, with an emphasis on implementing course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs). To understand existing efforts to promote undergraduate research as well as challenges to implementation on higher education campuses, we hosted a session about undergraduate research at the 2021 American Society for Microbiology Conference for Undergraduate Educators. Session participants were surveyed about their experiences with undergraduate research on their home campuses, and we then conducted additional research on the undergraduate research offerings at the participants’ home institutions. Survey responses and the discussion group identified many challenges to impactful undergraduate research facilitation. Several overarching themes emerged across survey responses and breakout room discourse, including funding, mentor recruitment, early skill development, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and identifying and connecting with students. In this perspective, we elaborate on this discourse to inspire and assist those seeking to foster undergraduate research in the field of microbiology and beyond.