bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counting $$U(N)^{\otimes r}\otimes O(N)^{\otimes q}$$ invariants and tensor model observables
Authors: Avohou Remi Cocou , Ben Geloun Joseph , Toriumi Reiko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract$$U(N)^{\otimes r} \otimes O(N)^{\otimes q}$$

U

(
N
)

⊗
r

⊗
O

(
N
)

⊗
q

invariants are constructed by contractions of complex tensors of order $$r+q$$

r
+
q

, also denoted (r, q). These tensors transform under r fundamental representations of the unitary group U(N) and q fundamental representations of the orthogonal group O(N). Therefore, $$U(N)^{\otimes r} \otimes O(N)^{\otimes q}$$

U

(
N
)

⊗
r

⊗
O

(
N
)

⊗
q

invariants are tensor model observables endowed with a tensor field of order (r, q). We enumerate these observables using group theoretic formulae, for tensor fields of arbitrary order (r, q). Inspecting lower-order cases reveals that, at order (1, 1), the number of invariants corresponds to a number of 2- or 4-ary necklaces that exhibit pattern avoidance, offering insights into enumerative combinatorics. For a general order (r, q), the counting can be interpreted as the partition function of a topological quantum field theory (TQFT) with the symmetric group serving as gauge group. We identify the 2-complex pertaining to the enumeration of the invariants, which in turn defines the TQFT, and establish a correspondence with countings associated with covers of diverse topologies. For $$r>1$$

r
>
1

, the number of invariants matches the number of (q-dependent) weighted equivalence classes of branched covers of the 2-sphere with r branched points. At $$r=1$$

r
=
1

, the counting maps to the enumeration of branched covers of the 2-sphere with $$q+3$$

q
+
3

branched points. The formalism unveils a wide array of novel integer sequences that have not been previously documented. We also provide various codes for running computational experiments.
Recent improvements in the novel approach to the fast detection of surface contaminations
Authors: Wilsenack Frank , Meyer Fabian , Flores Yuri V. , Haertelt Marko , Adelhardt Mario , Ficks Arne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHere, we present the idea behind a novel measurement system and the recent improvements in detecting surface contaminations using a tunable, very fast three-core quantum cascade laser (QCL) system. It is developed as a potential replacement for the old established double-wheel sampling system currently used to detect surface threats caused by hazardous, non-volatile chemical substances. The novel system design is based on an optical measurement principle, allowing standoff detection and identification, thus rendering ground contact unnecessary. One of the leading military requirements for a CBRN reconnaissance vehicle is a high marching speed; hence, this new system is designed to have an ultra-short acquisition time and an adequate spectral bandwidth for measurements in the mid-infrared (MIR). This innovative approach may replace the more cumbersome indirect detection techniques. We discuss the main advantages and evaluate possible application scenarios that we expect from this setup. Active IR backscatter spectroscopy generally permits the contactless identification of hazardous chemical substances on surfaces. Here, the design was optimized around an approximate measuring distance of decimeters. Using a monoaxial setup, the autofocus is less demanding than alternative approaches and even allows for rapid measurements of rough surfaces. We built the improved measurement system based on novel QCL modules that integrate micro-opto-electro-mechanical grating scanners (MOEMS) in an external cavity. These elaborate laser modules provide almost one kilohertz (kHz) spectral scan speeds and typically cover a spectral range of 200–300 cm-1, respectively. Furthermore, such modules achieve measurement times of as short as one millisecond per spectrum. The full spectral coverage of the system is realized by coupling several of such modules.
Thermal Performance of a Cylindrical Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2/Graphite Battery based on the Electrochemical-Thermal Coupling Model
Authors: Zhang Chao , Shang Jin , Xiong Yonglian , Yi Ting , Hou Quanhui , Qian Xing 
Published: August 2024

The thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in the field of new energy. In this work, a three-dimensional electrochemical-thermal coupling model based on the P2D model was established for predicting the thermal performance. The charge-discharge and temperature rise experiments via 18650 cylindrical Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 / graphite batteries are designed to confirm the rationality of the model. The simulation results show that the highest temperature of the battery surface during discharging at 1 C and 4 C are 42.85 °C and 61.25 °C, and the experimental results are 42.50 °C and 62.85 °C, respectively. The electrode heat generation mainly comes from the reaction heat of cathode and anode during 1 C charge process, the maximum power is 1.2 W and 0.6 W, respectively. In the discharge process, the cathode dominates the reaction contribution of 1.02 W and the reaction heat power from the anode is only 0.016 W. The capacity of heat dissipation can be increased by enhancing the convective heat transfer coefficient and air velocity within a reasonable range. The proposed electrochemical-thermal coupling model is valuable to evaluate the heat behavior and promote the battery development.
The Future of Speech Online: International Cooperation for a Free & Open Internet
Authors: Clegg Nick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the impact that the resurgence of sovereignty has had on freedom of online speech. I argue that, in the past few decades, the internet has undergone a radical transformation from a universal tool of free communication to one that is increasingly fragmented into national and regional siloes. While acknowledging that recent internet regulation by democratic governments has been both necessary and inevitable, I argue that the authoritarian internet model-with citizens segregated from the rest of the global internet and subject to extensive surveillance and censorship - is on the rise, presenting a real risk to the internet as we know it. In the face of this threat, the world's techno-democracies need to work together to protect the freedoms that the internet has so far made possible.
Free Speech on the Internet: The Crisis of Epistemic Authority
Authors: Leiter Brian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Much of our knowledge of the world comes not from direct sensory experience, but from reliance on epistemic authorities: individuals or institutions that tell us what we ought to believe. For example, what most of us believe about natural selection, climate change, or the Holocaust comes from our reliance on epistemic authorities (scientists, historians). Sustaining epistemic authority depends, crucially, on social institutions that inculcate reliable second-order norms about whom to believe about what. The traditional media were crucial, in the age of mass democracy, with promulgating and sustaining such norms. The internet has obliterated the intermediaries who made that possible, and, in the process, undermined the epistemic standing of actual experts. This essay considers some possible changes to existing free speech doctrine to remedy the epistemological crisis brought about by the internet.
The Fate of American Democracy Depends on Free Speech
Authors: Nossel Suzanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The freedom of speech - an essential cornerstone of American democracy - is under direct attack, leaving American institutions, civic culture, and society deeply vulnerable. Restrictions on books and educational curricula, limits on assembly rights, the rampant spread of disinformation, the chill of “cancel culture ” and online abuse- all impinge upon the open exchange of ideas that the First Amendment was intended to underwrite. Encroachments on freedom of expression emanate from all sides of the political spectrum and through both formal and informal channels. It is imperative that efforts to contain and surmount the crisis of American democracy include a sharpened focus on the defense of free speech, an essential counterpart to voting rights, civil rights, and a healthy democratic culture.
The Unfortunate Consequences of a Misguided Free Speech Principle
Authors: Post Robert C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For at least the past half-century, Americans have been committed to a “free speech principle,” holding that speech is to be encouraged because it serves to produce knowledge, to enable the development of personal autonomy, and to facilitate the self-governance of the nation. In this essay, I argue that any such abstract free speech principle is fundamentally misguided. The value of speech is instead the value of the social practice within which speech occurs. Speech is to be encouraged when it advances the purpose of the social practice in which it is embedded. For constitutional purposes, the most important social practice established by communication is the public sphere, whose development in the eighteenth century made possible democratic self-governance. The health of a democracy depends upon whether its public sphere can produce a public opinion capable of legitimating the state. This turns on the quality of a nation's politics, not on the quantity of its speech. Americans who conceptualize the current crisis as requiring rededication to the free speech principle thus essentially misdiagnose the nature of our contemporary emergency. We need to repair our politics, not our speech.
The First Amendment Meets the Virtual Public Square
Authors: Stanger Allison 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Section 230, the twenty-six words that created the internet, has become the twenty-six words that are breaking the First Amendment. Section 230's blanket liability shield for social media platforms is harming our children and our democracy. In this essay, I narrate the story of what Section 230 enabled-the rise of the virtual public square, a circumstance that the framers could never have imagined-and explore its consequences for human well-being and freedom of expression. I conclude that Section 230 must be repealed to unleash First Amendment jurisprudence to confront the threats to the republic in the age of generative AI, as well as to usher in the next round of internet innovation in service of constitutional democratic sustainability. Bipartisan legislation has been introduced to sunset Section 230 as of December 31,2025. Those who believe in the enduring promise of American constitutional democracy should support its passage.
Earlier Seasonal March of the East Asian Summer Monsoon in the Mid-Pliocene
Authors: He Linqiang , Zhou Tianjun , Chen Xiaolong , Zuo Meng , Zou Liwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The mid-Pliocene (∼3.3–3 million years ago) has been considered as a potential analog for future climate, but the seasonal march of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM)—a distinctive feature of the modern EASM characterized by a northward migration of the monsoon circulation and rainband from early to late summer—remains unclear in this regard. Here, based on model simulations mainly from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2, we find that the seasonal march of the mid-Pliocene EASM is about two pentads earlier than today. It is accompanied by a northward shift of the monsoon circulation and rainband in July, resulting from both extratropical and tropical processes. For the extratropical path, greener vegetation in the midlatitudes enhances the surface warming, which reduces the meridional temperature gradient. The subsequent weakening and northward shift of the subtropical westerly jet lead to weaker zonal topographic Rossby waves, resulting in an anticyclone over East Asia. For the tropical path, exposure of the Sunda and Sahul shelves weakens the Walker circulation, which suppresses the Maritime Continent convection. The subsequent weakening of the local Hadley circulation increases precipitation in the tropical western North Pacific, which excites a Pacific–Japan meridional teleconnection with anticyclonic circulation over northern East Asia. These processes lead to a northward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high and hence the monsoon rainband. Our results unravel the dominant roles of vegetation and geography in the earlier seasonal march of the mid-Pliocene EASM, and its implications for potential future changes in the EASM’s seasonal march are discussed.
A Dynamical Interpretation of the Intensification of the Winter North Atlantic Jet Stream in Reanalysis
Authors: Hermoso Alejandro , Rivière Gwendal , Harvey Ben , Methven John , Schemm Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Jet streams play an important role in determining weather variability and extremes. A better understanding of the mechanisms driving long-term changes in the jet is essential to successfully anticipate extreme meteorological events. This study analyzes the intensification trend of the North Atlantic jet using the ERA5 reanalysis and investigates the dynamical mechanisms involved. The results highlight the importance of an increase in diabatic heating in the free troposphere below the jet entrance over the Gulf Stream sector. This change in diabatic heating modifies the jet directly and produces a local intensification and a slight poleward shift. A two-dimensional frontal-geostrophic model illustrates this mechanism by considering the enhanced diabatic heating associated with the baroclinic growth of extratropical cyclones. The change in diabatic heating also affects the jet indirectly by increasing the mean baroclinicity and subsequent eddy momentum flux convergence. This indirect mechanism has also an effect downstream, where there is an acceleration of the jet core and reduced westerlies along the flanks, reducing the width of the jet. An idealized warming experiment confirms this mechanism by determining the jet response downstream of an idealized land–sea contrast. Finally, using a single-model ensemble of fully coupled climate simulations, we show that the differences in the evolution of the North Atlantic jet are related to the latitude of the increase in baroclinicity, which has a large spread. What emerges from the model hierarchy is a consistent dynamical chain of mechanisms associated with the intensification trend of the North Atlantic jet stream.
Efficacy and safety of teclistamab in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma after BCMA-targeting therapies
Authors: Touzeau Cyrille , Krishnan Amrita Y. , Moreau Philippe , Perrot Aurore , Usmani Saad Z. , Manier Salomon , Cavo Michele , Martinez Chamorro Carmen , Nooka Ajay K. , Martin Thomas G. , Karlin Lionel , Leleu Xavier , Bahlis Nizar J. , Besemer Britta , Pei Lixia , Stein Sarah , Wang Lin Shun Xin , Trancucci Danielle , Verona Raluca I. , Girgis Suzette , Miao Xin , Uhlar Clarissa M. , Chastain Katherine , Garfall Alfred L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Teclistamab is a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)–directed bispecific antibody approved for the treatment of patients with triple-class exposed relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/RMM). In the phase 1/2 MajesTEC-1 study, a cohort of patients who had prior BCMA-targeted therapy (antibody-drug conjugate [ADC] or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell [CAR-T] therapy) was enrolled to explore teclistamab in patients previously exposed to anti-BCMA treatment. At a median follow-up of 28.0 months (range, 0.7-31.1), 40 patients with prior BCMA-targeted therapy had received subcutaneous 1.5 mg/kg weekly teclistamab. The median prior lines of treatment was 6 (range, 3-14). Prior anti-BCMA therapy included ADC (n = 29), CAR-T (n = 15), or both (n = 4). The overall response rate was 52.5%; 47.5% of patients achieved very good partial response or better, and 30.0% achieved complete response or better. The median duration of response was 14.8 months, the median progression-free survival was 4.5 months, and the median overall survival was 15.5 months. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were neutropenia, infections, cytokine release syndrome, and anemia; cytopenias and infections were the most common grade ≥3 TEAEs. Infections occurred in 28 patients (70.0%; maximum grade 3/4, n = 13 [32.5%]; grade 5, n = 4 [10%]). Before starting teclistamab, baseline BCMA expression and immune characteristics were unaffected by prior anti-BCMA treatment. The MajesTEC-1 trial cohort C results demonstrate favorable efficacy and safety of teclistamab in patients with heavily pretreated R/RMM and prior anti-BCMA treatment. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03145181 and #NCT04557098.
The multiple mediating effects of vision-specific factors and depression on the association between visual impairment severity and fatigue: a path analysis study
Authors: Schakel Wouter , Bode Christina , van de Ven Peter M. , van der Aa Hilde P. A. , Hulshof Carel T. J. , van Rens Gerardus H. M. B. , van Nispen Ruth M. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Severe fatigue is a common symptom for people with visual impairment, with a detrimental effect on emotional functioning, cognition, work capacity and activities of daily living. A previous study found that depression was one of the most important determinants of fatigue, but less is known about disease-specific factors in this patient population. This study aimed to explore the association between visual impairment severity and fatigue in adults with low vision, both directly and indirectly, with vision-specific factors and depression as potential mediators.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were collected from 220 Dutch low vision service patients by telephone interviews. Fatigue was defined as a latent variable by severity and impact on daily life. Potential mediators included vision-related symptoms, adaptation to vision loss and depression. Hypothesized structural equation models were constructed in Mplus to test (in)direct effects of visual impairment severity (mild/moderate, severe, blindness) on fatigue through above mentioned variables.

Results
The final model explained 60% of fatigue variance and revealed a significant total effect of visual impairment severity on fatigue. Patients with severe visual impairment (reference group) had significantly higher fatigue symptoms compared to those with mild/moderate visual impairment (β = -0.50, 95% bias-corrected confidence interval [BC CI] [-0.86, -0.16]) and those with blindness (β = -0.44, 95% BC CI [-0.80, -0.07]). Eye strain & light disturbance, depression and vision-related mobility mediated the fatigue difference between the severe and mild/moderate visual impairment categories. The fatigue difference between the severe visual impairment and blindness categories was solely explained by eye strain & light disturbance. Moreover, depressive symptoms (β = 0.65, p < 0.001) and eye strain & light disturbance (β = 0.19, p = 0.023) were directly associated with fatigue independent of visual impairment severity.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate an inverted-U shaped relationship between visual impairment severity and fatigue in patients with low vision. The complexity of this relationship is likely explained by the consequences of visual impairment, in particular by strained eyes and depressive mood, rather than by severity of the disability itself.
Connecting the dots: investigating the link between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic influences in metabolomic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Ishita , Badrzadeh Fariba , Tsentalovich Yuri , Gaykalova Daria A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for around 90% of all oral cancers and is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Despite progress in managing OSCC, the overall prognosis remains poor, with a survival rate of around 50–60%, largely due to tumor size and recurrence. The challenges of late-stage diagnosis and limitations in current methods emphasize the urgent need for less invasive techniques to enable early detection and treatment, crucial for improving outcomes in this aggressive form of oral cancer. Research is currently aimed at unraveling tumor-specific metabolite profiles to identify candidate biomarkers as well as discover underlying pathways involved in the onset and progression of cancer that could be used as new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Metabolomics is an advanced technological approach to identify metabolites in different sample types (biological fluids and tissues). Since OSCC promotes metabolic reprogramming influenced by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, and viral infections, the identification of distinct metabolites through screening may aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Moreover, studies have shown the use of metabolites during the catalysis of epigenetic modification, indicating a link between epigenetics and metabolism. In this review, we will focus on the link between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic influences in metabolomic alterations in OSCC. In addition, we will discuss therapeutic targets of tumor metabolism, which may prevent oral tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
The disease burden and its distribution characteristics of clonorchiasis in Guangdong Province, Southern China
Authors: Lin Datao , Deng Zhuohui , Chen Zebin , Jiang Kefeng , Zhang Qiming , Zhou Wenjing , Zhang Qixian , Liu Jun , Wu Zhongdao , Guo Lan , Sun Xi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Clonorchiasis has significant socioeconomic importance in endemic areas; however, studies investigating the disease burden in specific sub-regions are lacking. This study aims to address the gap by quantifying the current disease burden caused by clonorchiasis in Guangdong province and assessing its distribution characteristics.

Methods
Comprehensive measures, including prevalence rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and direct medical costs, were used to assess the disease burden of clonorchiasis. To estimate the prevalence rate, the number of infections was divided by the examined population, based on the annual surveillance data on clonorchiasis cases during 2016–2021. The calculation of DALYs was based on the epidemiological parameters according to the definition issued by the World Health Organization. Cost data of clonorchiasis were utilized to quantify the direct medical costs. The distribution characteristics of disease burden were assessed through comparisons of groups of population defined by geographic area, time, and characteristics of people.

Results
In 2021, clonorchiasis posed a significant disease burden in Guangdong Province. The prevalence rate was found to be 4.25% [95% CI (4.02%, 4.49%)], with an associated burden of DALYs of 406,802.29 [95% CI (329,275.33, 49,215,163.78)] person-years. The per-case direct medical costs of patients with clonorchiasis were estimated to be CNY 7907.2 (SD = 5154.4). Notably, while the prevalence rate and DALYs showed a steady decrease from 2016 to 2020, there was a rising trend in 2021. Spatial clustering of clonorchiasis cases and DALYs was also observed, particularly along the Pearl River and Han River. This suggests a concentration of the disease in these regions. Furthermore, significant differences in prevalence rates were found among various demographic groups, including sex, age, occupation, and education level. Additionally, patients with longer hospital stays were more likely to incur higher direct medical costs.

Conclusions
The burden of clonorchiasis in Guangdong Province remains high, despite significant progress achieved through the implementation of the prevention and control programs. It is suggested that measures should be taken based on the distribution characteristics to maximize the effectiveness of prevention and control, with a primary focus on key populations and areas.

Graphical Abstract