bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevation-dependent biases of raw and bias-adjusted EURO-CORDEX regional climate models in the European Alps
Authors: Matiu Michael , Napoli Anna , Kotlarski Sven , Zardi Dino , Bellin Alberto , Majone Bruno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractData from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble of regional climate model simulations and the CORDEX-Adjust dataset were evaluated over the European Alps using multiple gridded observational datasets. Biases, which are here defined as the difference between models and observations, were assessed as a function of the elevation for different climate indices that span average and extreme conditions. Moreover, we assessed the impact of different observational datasets on the evaluation, including E-OBS, APGD, and high-resolution national datasets. Furthermore, we assessed the bi-variate dependency of temperature and precipitation biases, their temporal evolution, and the impact of different bias adjustment methods and bias adjustment reference datasets. Biases in seasonal temperature, seasonal precipitation, and wet-day frequency were found to increase with elevation. Differences in temporal trends between RCMs and observations caused a temporal dependency of biases, which could be removed by detrending both observations and RCMs. The choice of the reference observation datasets used for bias adjustment turned out to be more relevant than the choice of the bias adjustment method itself. Consequently, climate change assessments in mountain regions need to pay particular attention to the choice of observational dataset and, furthermore, to the elevation dependence of biases and the increasing observational uncertainty with elevation in order to provide robust information on future climate.
Predictors of maternal and neonatal outcomes in labors complicated by shoulder dystocia: a comparative analysis
Authors: Tairy Daniel , Frank Shalhevet , Lev Shir , Paz Yael Ganor , Bar Jacob , Barda Giulia , Weiner Eran , Levy Michal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Studies investigating the risk factors associated with unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes in cases of shoulder dystocia are scarce. This study aims to uncover the predictive factors that give rise to unfavorable outcomes within the context of shoulder dystocia.

Materials and methods
Medical records of pregnancies complicated by shoulder dystocia was obtained between 2008–2022 from a single tertiary center. This study involved the comparison of sociodemographic, sonographic, and delivery characteristics among pregnancies complicated by shoulder dystocia resulting in favorable vs. unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes.

Results
A total of 275 pregnancies were analyzed, with 111 (40.3%) classified as unfavorable outcomes and 164 (59.7%) as favorable outcomes. Employing a multivariable regression analysis, several independent associations were identified with unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes. Specifically, short maternal stature, pre-gestational diabetes, vacuum extraction, Wood’s screw maneuver, and macrosomia merged as significant predictors of unfavorable maternal/neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion
Short maternal stature, pre-gestational diabetes, vacuum extraction, Wood’s screw maneuver, and macrosomia may all contribute to poor maternal/neonatal outcomes in shoulder dystocia cases. This knowledge allows clinicians to improve their decision-making, patient care, and counseling.
Variability and forensic efficiency of 12 X-STR markers in Namibian populations
Authors: Calò Luca , Gentile Fabiano , Baio Elisa , Raschellà Caterina , Capelli Cristian , Marino Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSTR loci localized on the X chromosome provide information additional to the autosomal markers routinely analyzed in forensic genetics, integrating genetic systems as Y-STRs and mitochondrial DNA in the investigation of complex kinship scenarios and mass disaster cases.In this study we genotyped 12 X-STR loci in 251 male samples from four populations of Namibia in southern Africa using the Investigator Argus X-12 kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Forensic efficiency parameters indicated high power of discrimination in the considered populations. As part of our investigation, we highlighted partial linkage associations between loci within known linkage groups (LGs) and identified several occurrences of previously unreported out-of-ladder (OL) alleles.Genetic distances between the Namibian populations here investigated and other African (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Guinea, Cape Verde) and non-African (Germany, China, Philippines) populations using loci grouped in LGs mirrored their biogeographical distribution differently for each linkage group. Haplotype sharing within each LG revealed a high degree of population-specific types, hinting to the potential of these markers for ancestry applications.These results highlight the importance to produce specific and freely available population databases especially for multi-ethnic countries. This novel dataset is expected to be of interest for population studies that need an accessible reference dataset of African regions not currently well represented, as well as possible relevance for forensic applications focusing on the biogeographic origin of samples.
Imaging buried anticlines in the Po Plain, northern Italy, based on HVSR frequency and amplitude analyses
Authors: Tarabusi G. , Sgattoni G. , Caputo R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe use of the HVSR (Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio) method on single-station microtremor measurements is well documented in small alluvial plains for bedrock mapping. In large sedimentary basins, like the Po Plain, its application is still debated. To shed some light on this issue, we investigated two seismogenic structures buried below the Po Plain Quaternary deposits: the Mirandola and Casaglia anticlines. We acquired and analysed a dense distribution of HVSR data covering the two areas and mapped the frequency and amplitude values of the observed resonance peaks. The top of both anticlines is highlighted by high amplitude peaks picturing E-W elongated sectors with high-impedance contrast, where Quaternary deposits are reduced in thickness to about 60–130 m and directly overlay the Pliocene (Mirandola) and Miocene (Casaglia) marine units. In Mirandola, the high-amplitude peaks also correspond to higher resonance frequencies, while in Casaglia, the distribution of resonance frequencies is relatively uniform suggesting a flatter crestal region and the lateral continuity of the resonance surface. The combination of peak frequency and amplitude information on a dense grid of measurement points is thus confirmed to be useful for identifying and mapping buried geological structures such as structural highs. Further modelling is being carried out to estimate the depth of the surface responsible for the observed resonances, through calibration with borehole information.
Graphical Abstract
Establishing a typology for stewardship: a nexus of opportunity for organisational and environmental management
Authors: Martin Christopher , Ishihara Hiroe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Stewardship is often conceptualised as a governance practice that is beneficial to the resources under management. However, the broad range of stewardship interpretations and practical applications in a variety of fields has led to a complex landscape of both competing and complementary initiatives. Whilst there has been significant discussion over the role of stewardship as an environmental ethic, there has been little attempt to find the synergies and connections between such activities and other establishes implementations—such as the pivotal role it plays in organisational management. In this paper, we conceptualise a transdisciplinary typology through which the landscape of stewardship initiatives can be understood. Additionally, we summarise the history of stewardship to colour the present day context, and explore the meaning of key differences that arise from the proposed archetypes. Specifically, this includes the varying role of the principal and the effect of the prevailing frame of reference. Finally, we also offer recommendations on developing future stewardship research.
Micro-solid phase extraction with in-lab-packed columns for cost-efficient drug extraction from urine samples
Authors: Chromiec Alicja , Wietecha-Posłuszny Renata 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a miniaturised solid-phase extraction (µ-SPE) method coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of 23 compounds, including psychoactive drugs, narcotics and their metabolites, in urine samples. The µ-SPE method, using standard laboratory equipment such as a centrifuge, was developed and validated, offering a practical and economical alternative to more traditional SPE methods. The key extraction parameters: elution solvent composition, sample and elution volumes, and sorbent mass were optimized to enhance performance. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with detection limits between 0.06 and 0.41 ng cm−3and quantification limits from 0.19 to 1.24 ng cm−3. The precision was confirmed with an intra-day precision ranging from 0.2% to 7.5% and an inter-day precision from 1.2% to 13.4%. Recovery rates ranged from 84.2% to 109.4%, with minimal matrix effects observed for most analytes (|ME|< 10%). The relative error remained below 5%, indicating good accuracy. The method was also evaluated in terms of greenness, practical, and analytical aspects using the WAC model. Based on the validation results, it was concluded that the developed method could be a good confirmatory method for results obtained by immunochemical tests and could also be used in both clinical analyses and forensic toxicology.Graphical abstract
Spectrofluorimetric and smartphone-based detection methods for determination of gentamicin
Authors: Kubacki Karol , Mermer Karolina , Paluch Justyna , Bąk Magdalena , Strzelak Kamil , Kozak Joanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the development of spectrofluorimetric and smartphone-based detection methods for gentamicin determination using fluorescamine as a reagent. The research included selecting excitation (415 nm) and emission (489 nm) wavelengths, reaction time, and conditions like reagent concentration, and pH of the reaction medium. Moreover, the optimal operating parameters of the smartphone camera, like ISO, white balance, camera shutter, and RGB model channel were selected. Analytical parameters of the developed spectrofluorimetric and smartphone-based methods were estimated including the linear range: 0.04–15.00 mg dm−3 and 0.18–1.20 mg dm−3, respectively, limits of detection and quantification: 0.01 and 0.04 mg dm−3, and 0.06 and 0.18 mg dm−3, respectively, and precision (CV, n = 6): 5.2% and 2.8%, respectively. The proposed approaches were successfully applied to determine gentamicin in pharmaceutical samples. The obtained results were consistent with values declared by manufacturers and satisfactory recovery values, 93.2–113.6% were obtained for both spectrofluorimetric and smartphone-based methods. The developed fluorimetric method with smartphone-based detection provides a low limit of detection specific to spectrofluorimetric methods whereas the measurement system is a simple, easily accessible, compact, and low-cost device. Hence, it can become a competitive alternative to other gentamicin determination methods.
Graphical abstract
Parameter optimization for proton density fat fraction quantification in skeletal muscle tissue at 7 T
Authors: Tkotz Katharina , Zeiger Paula , Hanspach Jannis , Mathy Claudius S. , Laun Frederik B. , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. , Gast Lena V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
To establish an image acquisition and post-processing workflow for the determination of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in calf muscle tissue at 7 T.

Materials and methods
Echo times (TEs) of the applied vendor-provided multi-echo gradient echo sequence were optimized based on simulations of the effective number of signal averages (NSA*). The resulting parameters were validated by measurements in phantom and in healthy calf muscle tissue (n = 12). Additionally, methods to reduce phase errors arising at 7 T were evaluated. Finally, PDFF values measured at 7 T in calf muscle tissue of healthy subjects (n = 9) and patients with fatty replacement of muscle tissue (n = 3) were compared to 3 T results.

Results
Simulations, phantom and in vivo measurements showed the importance of using optimized TEs for the fat–water separation at 7 T. Fat–water swaps could be mitigated using a phase demodulation with an additional B0 map, or by shifting the TEs to longer values. Muscular PDFF values measured at 7 T were comparable to measurements at 3 T in both healthy subjects and patients with increased fatty replacement.

Conclusion
PDFF determination in calf muscle tissue is feasible at 7 T using a chemical shift-based approach with optimized acquisition and post-processing parameters.
MHD lensing in inhomogeneous ISM for qualitative understanding of the morphology of supernova remnants
Authors: Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMorphological evolution of expanding shells of fast-mode magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves through an inhomogeneous ISM is investigated in order to qualitatively understand the complicated morphology of shell-type supernova remnants (SNR). Interstellar clouds with high Alfvén velocity act as concave lenses to diverge the MHD waves, while those with slow Alfvén velocity act as convex lenses to converge the waves to the focal points. By combination of various types of clouds and fluctuations with different Alfvén velocities, sizes, or wavelengths, the MHD-wave shells attain various morphological structures, exhibiting filaments, arcs, loops, holes, and focal strings, mimicking old and deformed SNRs.
Technologically mediated encounters with ‘nature’
Authors: Reyes Benavides Patricia D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite well-founded critiques on the concept of nature and even claims that the concept is decidedly obsolete, evidence would suggest that nature continues to play a pivotal role in orienting people towards environmental practices and advocacy. Given nature’s unyielding relevance, this paper takes inspiration from Sally Haslanger’s project of conceptual amelioration to examine how meanings ascribed to nature can lead to the actualization of desired sociomaterial realities. By building on posthumanist political ecology and Michel Callon’s notion of performation, I illustrate a dynamic in which meanings of nature emerge through the engagement in practices with the environment which are, more often than not, mediated by different technologies. After exploring this proposal through the lens of different environmentalisms, I argue that technologies can play a significant role in mediating conceptualizations of nature. To support this argument, I introduce a few elements of mediation theory and examine the meaning of nature that may emerge when social media users interact with online content of climate and ecological collapse. Overall, this approach advances a postphenomenological contribution to the scholarly trend of examining how technologies may disrupt fundamental concepts with which we respond to ethical issues. This approach underscores the role of technologically mediated practices in processes of conceptualization, as well as the significant political dimension of conceptual engineering projects.
Terahertz Frequency-Domain Spectroscopy with a Method for Suppressing Water Vapor Absorption Peaks for Analysis of Pharmaceutical Hydrate Samples
Authors: Shimura Kei , Sasaki Tetsuo , Ono Touya , Mohara Mizuki , Aiko Kenji , Sakamoto Tomoaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMeasurements of terahertz absorption spectra of pharmaceutical hydrate samples are achieved under a normal humidity condition by combining terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy with a newly proposed method for suppressing absorption peaks caused by water vapor. In this method, only simple mathematical operations such as subtraction, thresholding, interpolation, and smoothing are applied to extinction (or absorbance) data obtained by locating samples under a normal humidity condition. By considering the difference in spectral line width between narrow absorption peaks caused by water vapor and the relatively wide absorption peaks caused by active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in solid forms, the absorption peaks caused by water vapor can be effectively suppressed without affecting the absorption peaks of the APIs in the samples. In the present study, levofloxacin hydrates were used as samples to investigate the performance of the proposed method. Spectra were obtained under both dry and normal humidity conditions. The temperature of the samples was raised from 300 to 363 K to dehydrate them and brought back to 313 K to observe hydration under the normal humidity condition. Spectra obtained under the normal humidity condition were processed with the proposed method. The spectra of the hydrates obtained under the dry condition were slightly different from those obtained under the normal humidity condition and processed by our method. Dehydration during the measurements under the dry condition was suggested. Stable and reliable results are expected by measuring spectra under normal humidity conditions and applying the proposed method to suppress absorption peaks by water vapor.
multilandr: an R package for multi-scale landscape analysis
Authors: Huais Pablo Yair 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Context
Typical landscape-scale studies comprise the delimitation of landscapes followed by the calculation of one or more landscape metrics. Performing an analysis at multiple spatial scales is often required, occasionally followed by the selection of a particular scale according to the response variable of interest. More complex research goals might require a thorough inspection of landscapes, plus a selection of landscapes that would fulfill certain conditions regarding their landscape metrics. These tasks can usually be programmatically challenging, especially if multiple spatial scales are being analyzed.

Objectives
The R package multilandr builds on several spatial-oriented R packages to provide a toolbox to develop and inspect multi-scale landscapes based on simple spatial inputs.

Methods and results
The package delivers functions to calculate metrics within a multi-scale framework. Also, it provides several utility functions to visualize correlations between metrics, filter landscapes that fulfill certain predefined conditions or select a wide-range gradient of landscapes for a given metric, among other useful tasks. This paper introduces the functionality of multilandr through a step-by-step instruction guide and case studies.

Conclusions
The R package multilandr provides a set of functions to facilitate typical methodological workflow of landscape-scale studies in the R environment, for both beginner and expert R users. It provides the functionality to perform a systematic filtering and selection of landscapes according to a given experimental design. The package is especially programmed to develop multi-scale designs but is also useful for the calculation of metrics of a set of landscapes from any GIS-related project.
Analysis of the nonlinear optical properties, vibrational spectra, DFT method and photovoltaic performance of cyanidin-3-rutinoside chloride
Authors: Sarıkaya Ebru Karakaş , Ekincioğlu Yavuz , Bahçeli Semiha , Dereli Ömer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to identify a cyanidin-3-rutinoside chloride that exhibits both photovoltaic performance and nonlinear optical properties, which may be utilized in the field of optoelectronics. Prior to investigating these properties, the stable structure must be determined. For this purpose, its conformational analysis is performed by the Molecular Force Field method with the spartan program. The exact nature of the stable configuration has been ascertained by empirical evidence. The energy of the stable configuration is -1654184.76 kcal/mol, and its dipole moment is 9.94 Debye. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside chloride has been investigated using experimental FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies. Meanwhile, the DFT method at the B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d, p) level was employed in order to study the simulated FT-IR and Raman spectra, the HOMO-LUMO analysis, the molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), and the non-linear optical (NLO) characteristics of the title molecule. The HOMO and LUMO energies are − 6.45 and − 3.64 electron volts (eV), respectively, with a gap value of 2.81 eV. Additionally, the title compound’s open-circuit voltage, the transition density matrix light-harvesting efficiency, driving force, and binding energy were calculated with by taking photovoltaic cell properties into account. Furthermore, investigations of hole reorganization energy, electron reorganization energy, and total reorganization energy were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level for the cyanidin-3-rutinoside chloride of interest. In addition, density of state calculations and NBO were made at the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level. We calculated the following values for LHE, $$\:{V}_{oc}$$, $$\:{{\Delta\:}\text{G}}_{\text{i}\text{n}\text{j}\text{e}\text{c}\text{t}}$$, $$\:{E}_{b}$$, $$\:{\lambda\:}_{h}$$, $$\:{\lambda\:}_{e}$$ and $$\:{\lambda\:}_{total}$$ : 0.06, 2.45 eV, 0.20 eV, 0.56 eV, 0.50 eV, 0.57 eV and 1.06 eV, respectively.
Experience and nature in pragmatism and enactive theory
Authors: F. Barrett Nathaniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Enactive theory seems to be reaching a critical juncture in its evolution, as it expands beyond cognitive science to include a project that Shaun Gallagher has called “new naturalism”: a “phenomenologized” reconstruction of nature, directed by a distinctive view of experience that is itself a product of “naturalized phenomenology.” This article aims to contribute to conversations about how to move forward with this project by highlighting important parallels between the trajectory of enactive theory and the early history of pragmatism. Pragmatism was first developed by Peirce, James, and Dewey out of a distinctive view of experience that strongly resembles that of enactive theory. Then, during the first third of the twentieth century, pragmatism evolved into a philosophy of nature and played a leading role in a reconstructive project much like the “new naturalism” proposed by Gallagher and others. Around midcentury, however, this project was largely abandoned as philosophers turned to problems of more limited scope. This history raises crucial questions for proponents of enactive “new naturalism”: Why did the pragmatist version of this project fail to achieve its aims? And how will it be different this time?
Higher reading spans mitigate context effects on lexical processing by low-proficiency L2 learners: a self-paced reading study
Authors: Kosaka Takumi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines context effects on lexical processing by low-proficiency Japanese learners of English during sentence comprehension, and the role of individual differences in verbal working memory (WM). Thirty Japanese learners of English as a second language (L2) and 27 speakers of English as a first language (L1) were recruited for a self-paced reading task with high and low context sentences to assess lexical processing abilities, and a reading span task to measure WM capacities. Bayesian modeling indicated that, at the group level, L2 learners had slower lexical processing times for low context sentences compared to high context ones, especially in the spillover region, while L1 speakers showed no difference. At the individual level, higher WM capacities among L2 learners appeared to mitigate these context effects, supporting the interactive-compensatory model (Stanovich in Read Res Q, 10.2307/747348, 1980; Remedial Spec Educ 5(3):11–19, 10.1177/074193258400500306, 1984). The findings highlight context effects on L2 lexical processing and the crucial role of WM in managing these effects among L2 learners.