bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuality and generality of intratumoral microbiome in the three most prevalent gynecological malignancies: an observational study
Authors: Xiao Qin , Chen Wen-jie , Wu Fei , Zhang Xin-yi , Li Xia , Wei Jing , Chen Ting-tao , Liu Zhao-xia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Growing evidence have indicated the crucial role of intratumor microbiome in a variety of solid tumor. However, the intratumoral microbiome in gynecological malignancies is largely unknown. In the present study, a total of 90
Han
patients, including 30 patients with cancer in cervix, ovary, and endometrium each were enrolled, the composition of intratumoral microbiome was assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon high throughput sequencing. We found that the diversity and metabolic potential of intratumoral microbiome in all three cancer types were very similar. Furthermore, all three cancer types shared a few taxa that collectively take up high relative abundance and positive rate, including
Pseudomonas sp
., Comamonadaceae
gen. sp
.,
Bradyrhizobium sp
.,
Saccharomonospora sp
.,
Cutibacterium acnes
,
Rubrobacter sp
.,
Dialister micraerophilus
, and
Escherichia coli
. Additionally,
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
and
Paracoccus sp
. in cervical cancer,
Pelomonas sp
. in ovarian cancer, and
Enterococcus faecalis
in endometrial cancer were identified by LDA to be a representative bacterial strain. In addition, in cervical cancer patients, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (correlation coefficient = −0.3714) was negatively correlated (
r
= 0.4, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.7) with
Rubrobacter sp
. and CA199 (correlation coefficient = 0.3955) was positively associated (
r
= 0.4, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.7) with
Saccharomonospora sp
.. In ovarian cancer patients, CA125 (correlation coefficient = −0.4451) was negatively correlated (
r
= −0.4, 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.09) with
Porphyromonas sp.
. In endometrial cancer patients, CEA (correlation coefficient = −0.3868) was negatively correlated (
r
= −0.4, 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.02) with
Cutibacterium acnes
. This study promoted our understanding of the intratumoral microbiome in gynecological malignancies.

IMPORTANCE
In this study, we found the compositional spectrum of tumor microbes among gynecological malignancies were largely similar by sharing a few taxa and differentiated by substantial species owned uniquely. Certain species, mostly unreported, were identified to be associated with clinical characteristics. This study prompted our understanding of gynecological malignancies and offered evidence for tumor microbes affecting tumor biology among cancers in the female reproductive system.
Identification of piRNA Expression Profiles in Vitiligo
Authors: Xie Zhi , Wang Chen , Chen Xianfeng , Liang Yanping , Lan Lizhen , Hong Jiqiong , Qin Jinglin , Li Lili 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective: Vitiligo is a systemic dermatological disorder characterized by skin depigmentation due to melanocyte damage and dysfunction. The treatment of vitiligo remains a challenging aspect in dermatological practice. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), approximately 24–32 nucleotides in length, are crucial in the epigenetic regulation of developmental processes. However, research on piRNA expression profiling in vitiligo is limited. This study aimed to identify and characterize piRNAs in skin tissues from vitiligo patients and healthy controls. Methods: We compared and analyzed piRNA expression profiles of human vitiligo skin by RNA sequencing. Results and Discussion: Our findings revealed a pronounced preference for uridine (U) at the 5′ end of piRNAs, predominantly originating from repeat and other genomic regions. Notably, we detected 73 differentially expressed piRNAs between the patient and control groups, with 40 piRNAs upregulated and 33 downregulated in vitiligo patients. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the genes responsible for piRNA production were more prevalent in metabolic processes and implicated in regulating the PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways. Conclusions: The elucidation of piRNA expression profiles enhances our understanding of their functional roles in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Long-term natural history of ellipsoid zone width inUSH2A-retinopathy
Authors: Heyang Michael , Warren Joshua L , Ocieczek Paulina , Duncan Jacque L , Moosajee Mariya , Del Priore Lucian V , Shen Liangbo Linus 
Published: August 2024

AimsTo investigate the long-term natural history of ellipsoid zone (EZ) width inUSH2A-retinopathy.MethodsEZ width measurements from optical coherence tomography were retrospectively obtained from 110 eyes of 55 participants with molecularly confirmed biallelicUSH2A-retinopathy. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to construct and compare different mathematical models describing the long-term decline of EZ width.ResultsCompared with linear and quadratic models, exponential decline best represented the long-term loss of EZ width based on the deviance information criterion score. Log-transformed EZ width declined linearly over 30 years of inferred disease duration (median: 0.063 (IQR: 0.040–0.086) log (µm)/year). Compared with the raw EZ width decline rate, the log-transformed EZ width decline rate required 48% fewer patients to achieve an identically powered 1-year trial (38 vs 73 participants). Log EZ width decline rate was uncoupled from baseline EZ width (Spearman ρ=−0.18, p=0.06) and age (ρ=−0.10, p=0.31). Eyes with Usher syndrome exhibited earlier median onset ages of macular EZ width loss (18.8 (IQR: 13.1–24.7) vs 28.1 (IQR: 18.5–35.8) years, p<0.001) but comparable log EZ width decline rates (0.060 (IQR: 0.035–0.100) vs 0.065 (IQR: 0.050–0.079) log (µm)/year; p=0.42).ConclusionsEZ width follows an exponential decline inUSH2A-retinopathy. Compared with raw EZ width decline rate, log-transformed EZ width decline rate may be a superior endpoint for clinical trials. Syndromic eyes exhibit an earlier onset of macular EZ width loss but progress at comparable rates to non-syndromic eyes.
Characteristics of intervention studies on family-centred care in neonatal intensive care units: a scoping review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Bua Jenny , Vuillard Cecilia Laure Juliette , Squillaci Domenica , Tumminelli Cristina , Panunzi Silvia , Girardelli Martina , Mariani Ilaria 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundDifferent definitions of family-centred care (FCC) exist in the newborn setting, and many FCC interventions have been tested, while a comprehensive review synthesising characteristics of existing intervention studies is still lacking.ObjectiveThis review aims at summarising the characteristics of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on FCC interventions in neonatal intensive care units.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library up to 31 January 2022, and reference lists of included studies and other reviews. Interventions were grouped into five categories according to a previous Cochrane review: (1) family support, (2) educational, (3) communication, (4) environmental interventions and (5) family-centred policies. Subgroup analyses by time period (RCTs published before vs after 2016) and by country income (based on the World Bank Classification) were conducted.ResultsOut of 6583 retrieved studies, 146 RCTs met the eligibility criteria, with 53 (36.3%) RCTs published after 2016. Overall, 118 (80.8%) RCTs were conducted in high-income countries, 28 (19.1%) in middle-income countries and none in low-income countries. Only two RCTs were multicountry. Although mothers were the most frequent caregiver involved, fathers were included in 41 RCTs (28.1%). Very few studies were conducted in at-term babies (nine RCTs); siblings (two RCTs) and other family members (two RCTs), maternity care units (two RCTs). The role of health professionals was unclear in 65 (44.5%) RCTs. A large variety of intervention combinations was tested, with 52 (35.6%) RCTs testing more than 1 category of interventions, and 24 (16.4%) RCTs including all 5 categories.ConclusionThere is a large and rising number of RCTs on FCC interventions in neonatal intensive care units, with specific research gaps. The large variety of FCC interventions, their high complexity, the need to tailor them to the local context and major gaps in implementation suggest that implementation research is the current priority.
PASTA: Programming and Automation Support for Scalable Task-Parallel HLS Programs on Modern Multi-Die FPGAs
Authors: Khatti Moazin , Tian Xingyu , Sedigh Baroughi Ahmad , Raj Baranwal Akhil , Chi Yuze , Guo Licheng , Cong Jason , Fang Zhenman 
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the adoption of FPGAs in datacenters has increased, with a growing number of users choosing High-Level Synthesis (HLS) as their preferred programming method. While HLS simplifies FPGA programming, one notable challenge arises when scaling up designs for modern datacenter FPGAs that comprise multiple dies. The extra delays introduced due to die crossings and routing congestion can significantly degrade the frequency of large designs on these FPGA boards. Due to the gap between HLS design and physical design, it is challenging for HLS programmers to analyze and identify the root causes, and fix their HLS design to achieve better timing closure. Recent efforts have aimed to address these issues by employing coarse-grained floorplanning and pipelining strategies on task-parallel HLS designs where multiple tasks run concurrently and communicate through FIFO stream channels. However, many applications are not streaming friendly and many existing accelerator designs heavily rely on buffer channel based communication between tasks.In this work, we take a step further to support a task-parallel programming model where tasks can communicate via both FIFO stream channels and buffer channels. To achieve this goal, we design and implement the PASTA framework, which takes a large task-parallel HLS design as input and automatically generates a high-frequency FPGA accelerator via HLS and physical design co-optimization. Our framework introduces a latency-insensitive buffer channel design, which supports memory partitioning and ping-pong buffering while remaining compatible with vendor HLS tools. On the frontend, we provide an easy-to-use programming model for utilizing the proposed buffer channel; while on the backend, we implement efficient placement and pipelining strategies for the proposed buffer channel. To validate the effectiveness of our framework, we test it on four widely used Rodinia HLS benchmarks and two real-world accelerator designs and show an average frequency improvement of 25%, with peak improvements of up to 89% on AMD/Xilinx Alveo U280 boards compared to Vitis HLS baselines.
Blood Hemoglobin Concentrations and the Incidence of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: 10‐Year Outcomes of the Q‐Cohort Study
Authors: Kohara Chiaki , Yamada Shunsuke , Tanaka Shigeru , Hiyamuta Hiroto , Kitamura Hiromasa , Arase Hokuto , Shimamoto Sho , Taniguchi Masatomo , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kitazono Takanari , Nakano Toshiaki 
Published: August 2024

Background
Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease is a potentially lethal cardiovascular complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Anemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among the hemodialysis population. However, whether blood hemoglobin concentration is associated with the risk of peripheral arterial disease progression in this population remains undetermined.

Methods and Results
This is an extension of a 4‐year multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study to 10 years. A total of 3504 Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were recruited between 2006 and 2007. The primary exposure was blood hemoglobin concentration at baseline. The main outcome was the first‐ever incidence of major adverse limb events (MALE), composed of endovascular treatment, bypass surgery, and amputation. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, Fine–Gray subdistribution hazards model, restricted cubic spline analysis, and restricted mean survival time analysis were used to determine the association of blood hemoglobin concentration with the incidence of MALE. During a median follow‐up of 8.0 years, 257 patients experienced MALE. A Cox proportional hazards model showed that the risk of MALE in patients with blood hemoglobin concentrations <10.0 g/dL was significantly higher than in patients with concentrations of 11.0 to 11.9 g/dL, even after adjusting for confounding factors. In contrast, elevated hemoglobin concentration (≥12.0 g/dL) was not significantly associated with increased risk of MALE. Similar associations were observed when the Fine–Gray subdistribution regression model was used by setting all‐cause mortality as the competing risk.

Conclusions
A low blood hemoglobin concentration is an independent risk factor for peripheral arterial disease progression in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
In a Canine Model of Septic Shock, Cardiomyopathy Occurs Independent of Catecholamine Surges and Cardiac Microvascular Ischemia
Authors: Ford Verity J. , Applefeld Willard N. , Wang Jeffrey , Sun Junfeng , Solomon Steven B. , Klein Harvey G. , Feng Jing , Lertora Juan , Parizi‐Torabi Parizad , Danner Robert L. , Solomon Michael A. , Chen Marcus Y. , Natanson Charles 
Published: August 2024

Background
High levels of catecholamines are cardiotoxic and associated with stress‐induced cardiomyopathies. Using a septic shock model that reproduces the reversible cardiomyopathy seen over 10 days associated with human septic shock, we investigated the effects of catecholamines on microcirculatory perfusion and cardiac dysfunction.

Methods and Results

Purpose‐bred beagles received intrabronchial
Staphylococcus aureus
(n=30) or saline (n=6). The septic animals were than randomized to epinephrine (1 μg/kg per minute, n=15) or saline (n=15) infusions from 4 to 44 hours. Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, catecholamine levels, and troponins were collected over 92 hours. Serial adenosine‐stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed on septic animals randomized to receive saline (n=8 out of 15) or epinephrine (n=8 out of 15). High‐dose sedation was given to suppress endogenous catecholamine release. Despite catecholamine levels largely remaining within the normal range throughout, by 48 hours, septic animals receiving saline versus nonseptic animals still developed significant worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction, circumferential strain, and ventricular‐aortic coupling. In septic animals that received epinephrine versus saline infusions, plasma epinephrine levels increased 800‐fold, but epinephrine produced no significant further worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction, circumferential strain, or ventricular‐aortic coupling. Septic animals receiving saline had a significant increase in microcirculatory reserve without troponin elevations. Septic animals receiving epinephrine had decreased edema, blunted microcirculatory perfusion, and elevated troponin levels that persisted for hours after the epinephrine infusion stopped.

Conclusions
Cardiac dysfunction during sepsis is not primarily due to elevated endogenous or exogenous catecholamines nor due to decreased microvascular perfusion‐induced ischemia. However, epinephrine itself has potentially harmful long‐lasting ischemic effects during sepsis including impaired cardiac microvascular perfusion that persists after stopping the infusion.
Primary Aldosteronism and Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes: Genome‐Wide Association and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Naito Tatsuhiko , Fuji Ryosuke , Sonehara Kyuto , Yamamoto Kenichi , Baba Ryuta , Kodama Takaya , Otagaki Yu , Okada Akira , Itcho Kiyotaka , Kobuke Kazuhiro , Ohno Haruya ,   BioBank Japan, Morisaki Takayuki , Hattori Noboru , Goto Atsushi , Nishikawa Tetsuo , Oki Kenji , Okada Yukinori 
Published: August 2024

Background
Observational studies have reported associations between primary aldosteronism (PA) and cardiovascular outcomes, including coronary artery diseases (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke. However, establishing causality remains a challenge due to the lack of randomized controlled trial data on this topic. We thus aimed to investigate the causal relationship between PA and the risk of developing CAD, CHF, and stroke.

Methods and Results

Cross‐ancestry meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies combining East Asian and European ancestry (1560 PA cases and 742 139 controls) was conducted to identify single‐nucleotide variants that are associated with PA. Then, using the identified genetic variants as instrumental variables, we conducted the 2‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal relationship between PA and incident CAD, CHF, and stroke among both East Asian and European ancestry. Summary association results were extracted from large genome‐wide association studies consortia. Our cross‐ancestry meta‐analysis of East Asian and European populations identified 7 genetic loci significantly associated with the risk of PA, for which the genes nearest to the lead variants were
CASZ1
,
WNT2B
,
HOTTIP
,
LSP1
,
TBX3
,
RXFP2
, and
NDP
. Among the East Asian population, the pooled odds ratio estimates using these 7 genetic instruments of PA were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.03–1.11) for CAD, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01–1.20) for CHF, and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.09–1.18) for stroke. The results were consistent among the European population.

Conclusions
Our 2‐sample Mendelian randomization study revealed that PA had increased risks of CAD, CHF, and stroke. These findings highlight that early and active screening of PA is critical to prevent future cardiovascular events.
Racial Disparities in Clinical Outcomes of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample 2006 to 2018
Authors: Duong Chi N. , Bui Quoc V. P. , Duong Thomas , Phan Dai Q. , Mazur Jan , Chung Eugene , Truong Vien T. 
Published: August 2024

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of race on in‐hospital outcomes of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy using the National Inpatient Sample.

Methods and Results
We conducted a retrospective study using data from the National Inpatient Sample database 2006 to 2018. We focused on Takotsubo cardiomyopathy hospitalizations, excluding those with acute coronary syndrome as the primary diagnosis. Two study groups consisted of White patients or Black patients. Univariate and multivariable logistic models evaluated race's effect on death, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, length of stay, while adjusting for potential confounders. The Bayesian model averaging technique was used to further elucidate the factors influencing death within each racial group. Significant differences were observed between the 2 racial groups. Black patients presented at a younger age, had a higher proportion of men, a higher burden of comorbidities, and a lower median household income compared with their White counterparts. In the univariate model, the Black cohort showed an increased risk of cardiac arrest (odds ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.15–1.82]). However, the difference did not reach statistical significance in the multivariable model. Black patients also had a significantly longer hospital stay in both the univariate model (risk ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.22–1.31]) and the multivariable model (risk ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.04–1.07]). No significant difference in all‐cause death was observed between the racial groups.

Conclusions
The outcome differences between 2 racial groups in our study are likely influenced by racial disparities in demographics, comorbidities, and socioeconomic factors. Individualized care based on racial group needs is crucial in clinical practice.
Outcomes and Predictors of Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the Cerebral Protection Device Era
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Isogai Toshiaki , Agrawal Ankit , Kaw Roop , Mahalwar Gauranga , Krishnaswamy Amar , Puri Rishi , Reed Grant , Mentias Amgad , Kapadia Samir 
Published: August 2024

Background
Studies have shown inconclusive results on the effectiveness of cerebral protection devices (CPDs) with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We aimed to analyze the national statistics on stroke and other outcomes with CPD use.

Methods and Results

The Nationwide Readmissions Database (2017–2020) was queried to obtain data on patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Outcomes were compared between patients with a CPD and patients without a CPD. Of 271 804 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, CPD was used in 7.3% of patients. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, CPD use was not associated with lower overall stroke rates (1.6% versus 1.9% without CPD; odds ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.84–1.07];
P
=0.364), but it was significantly associated with lower major stroke rates (1.2% versus 1.5% without CPD; odds ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74–0.98];
P
=0.02). Patients with a CPD also had a shorter length of stay, higher routine discharges to home/self‐care (74.9% versus 70.6%), and lower mortality rates (0.7% versus 1.3%). The 30‐day (9.6% versus 11.7%) and 180‐day (24.6% versus 28.2%) readmission rates were significantly lower in the CPD cohort. Among patients who developed stroke, patients with a CPD had more frequent routine discharges. Prior valve surgery was associated with the highest risk of overall and major stroke.

Conclusions
CPD use during transcatheter aortic valve replacement was not independently associated with a lower risk of overall stroke but was associated with a lower risk of major stroke in a multivariable model. Data from future randomized trials that may offset any potential confounders in our study are required to help identify patients who would benefit from the use of these devices.
Carotid Artery Wall Echogenicity Measured by Gray Scale Median of the Intima‐Media Complex From Childhood to Young Adulthood
Authors: Guo Fangqi , Chen Xinci , Niu Zhongzheng , Karim Roksana , Gauderman W. James , McConnell Rob , Yan Mingzhu , Whitfield Lora , Li Yanjie , Bastain Theresa M. , Breton Carrie V. , Hodis Howard N. , Farzan Shohreh F. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Echogenicity of the carotid arterial wall, measured by gray scale median of the intima‐media complex (IM‐GSM), is a novel subclinical atherosclerosis marker with lower values indicating greater lipid deposition. Our longitudinal study investigated IM‐GSM from childhood to adulthood and its associated risk factors.

Methods and Results
A total of 240 participants from the Southern California CHS (Children's Health Study) underwent carotid artery ultrasounds in 2008 (mean age±SD): (11.2±0.6 years), and again around 2022 (24.2±1.6 years) to assess IM‐GSM, carotid artery intima‐media thickness, and carotid artery distensibility. Questionnaires and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were completed by participants at both times. Mean and SD of IM‐GSM were 108.2±24.6 in childhood and 75.6±15.8 in adulthood. Each 1‐year increase in age was associated with −2.52 change in IM‐GSM (95% CI, −2.76 to −2.27). Childhood and adulthood IM‐GSMs were highly correlated (β=0.13 [95% CI, 0.05–0.22]). In childhood, Hispanic ethnicity, lower parental education levels and prenatal father smoking were significantly associated with lower IM‐GSM. In adulthood, higher systolic blood pressure, carotid artery intima‐media thickness, hypertension, and lower distensibility were significantly associated with lower IM‐GSM. Weight status exhibited a consistent association with both childhood and adulthood IM‐GSM. During the transition from childhood to adulthood, individuals who shifted from normal weight to overweight/obese or normal blood pressure to hypertension or experienced an increase in carotid artery intima‐media thickness displayed lower levels of IM‐GSM in adulthood.

Conclusions
IM‐GSM decreases with age. Maintaining healthy weight and blood pressure levels in children could potentially aid in preventing subclinical atherosclerosis.