bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
rDNA Methylation in Hypericum perforatum Diploids and Tetraploids
Authors: Halušková Jana , Liu Benye , Beerhues Ludger 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of the gene dosage on the expression of rRNAs was studied in Hypericum perforatum. The methylation levels of rDNA were analysed using the isoschizomers MspI and HpaII and eleven additional methylation-sensitive enzymes. No differences in rDNA methylation were observed between diploids and tetraploids at an early ontogenetic stage.
Sterols and Triterpenes in Cell Culture of Hyssopus officinalis L.
Authors: Skrzypek Zuzanna , Wysokińska Halina 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Cell suspension cultures from hypocotyl-derived callus of Hyssopus officinalis were found to produce two sterols i. e. β-sitosterol (1) and stigmasterol (2), as well as several known pentacyclic triterpenes with an oleanene and ursene skeleton. The triterpenes were identified as oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), 2α, 3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2α, 3β- dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), 2α, 3β, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7), and 2α,3β, 24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8). Compounds 5-8 were isolated as their acetates (6, 8) or bromolactone acetates(5, 7)
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Two Chinese Endemic Meconopsis Species
Authors: Yuan Changchun , Nan Peng , Shi Suhua , Zhong Yang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The essential oils from two Chinese endemic Meconopsis species, i. e., M. punicea and M. delavayi, were analyzed by using GC-MS for the first time. The major constituents were hexadecanoic acid (16.8%), 1,2-dimethyl naphthalene (11.4%), 1,4-dimethyl naphthalene (6.6%), 1,3-dimethyl-5-ethyl naphthalene (5.9%), and 3-methyl biphenyl (5.6%) for M. punicea, and hexadecanoic acid (9.9%), 1,2-dimethyl naphthalene (7.9%), 1,3-dimethyl-5-ethyl naphthalene (6.2%), tetradecane (5.9%), and hexyl cinnamaldehyde (5.5%) for M. delavayi.
Essential Oil of One of the Iranian Skullcaps
Authors: Ghannadi Alireza , Mehregan Iraj 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The hydro-distilled essential oil from dried aerial parts of one of widespread Iranian skullcaps, Scutellaria pinnatifida A. Hamilt. ssp. alpina (Bornm.) Rech. grown in Khorassan province was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty components were characterized representing 93.8% of the total components detected. The major components of the oil were germacrene- D (39.7%) and beta-caryophyllene (15.0%).
Iridoid and Bisiridoid Glycosides from Globularia cordifolia
Authors: Kirmizibekmez Hasan , Çaliş Ihsan , Akbay Pinar , Sticher Otto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From the methanolic extract of the underground parts of Globularia cordifolia, a new iridoid glycoside, 5-hydroxydavisioside (1) and a new bisiridoid glycoside, globuloside C (2) were isolated along with six known iridoid glycosides, aucubin, melampyroside, monomelittoside, globularifolin, alpinoside and asperuloside. The structures of the isolates were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in combination with IR, UV and MS analyses.
GC-MS Analysis of Compounds Extracted from Buds of Populus balsamifera and Populus nigra
Authors: Isidorov Valery A. , Vinogorova Vera T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The composition of hexane and ether extracts from buds of two poplar species (Populus balsamifera and P. nigra) was investigated by GC-MS method. In hexane extracts, 54 “neutral” compounds were recorded. The greatest amounts of them are sesquiterpenes and nalkanes. Among 56 components of ether extracts, many aliphatic acids and hydroxyacids were detected. However, the main fraction consists of phenolcarboxylic acids, substituted cinnamic acids, and their esters. It was established that chemotaxonomic differences between Populus balsamifera and P. nigra are observed in the case of both hexane and ether bud extracts.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Lipophylic N- and O-Acyl Derivatives of β-Hydroxy ᴅʟ-α-Amino Acids
Authors: Dirvianskytė Nijole , Straukas Juozapas , Razumas Valdemaras , Butkus Eugenius 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Synthesis of N- and O-acyl derivatives of ᴅʟ-serine and threo-ᴅʟ-phenylserine was accomplished by a regioselective acylation of the corresponding amino acid. The residues introduced into amino acid structure contain hydrophobic long chain or aromatic, namely lauroyl, myristoyl and phenylacetyl moieties. The fungicidal activity against six strains of fungi was studied. Several compounds were found to be effective against growth of fungi, and Omyristoyl- ᴅʟ-serine 2 and N-phenylacetyl-threo-ᴅʟ-phenylserine 8 completely inhibited the growth of the mycelium of the fungus Verticillium dahliae.
Comparison of Carotenoid Content, Gene Expression and Enzyme Levels in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Leaves
Authors: Simkin Andrew J. , Labouré Anne-Marie , Kuntz Marcel , Sandmann Gerhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Physiological conditions which lead to changes in total carotenoid content in tomato plantlets were identified. Carotenoid levels were found to increase after the onset of a dark period during a normal 24h cycle. This rapid initial increase is followed by a steady decrease in carotenoid content throughout the night. A decrease in the expression of several carotenogenic genes, namely pds, zds (carotenoid desaturases) and ptox (plastid terminal oxidase), was observed following the removal of the light (when carotenoid content is at its highest). An increase in gene expression was observed before the return to light for pds and zds (when carotenoid levels were at their lowest), or following the return to light for ptox. The phytoene desaturation inhibitor norflurazon leads to a decrease coloured carotenoid content and, in the light, this correlated with pds and zds gene induction. In the dark, norflurazon treatment led to only a weak decrease in carotenoid content and only a small increase in pds and zds gene expression. The striking absence of phytoene accumulation under norflurazon treatment in the dark suggests a down-regulation of carotenoid formation in darkness. However, prolonged dark conditions, or treatment with photosynthetic inhibitors, surprisingly led to higher carotenoid levels, which correlated with decreased expression of most examined genes. In addition to light, which acts in a complex way on carotenoid accumulation and gene expression, our results are best explained by a regulatory effect of carotenoid levels on the expression of several biosynthetic genes. In addition, monitoring of protein amounts for phytoene desaturase and plastid terminal oxidase (which sometimes do not correlate with gene expression) indicate an even more complex regulatory pattern.
Proton Magic Angle Spinning NMR Reveals New Features in Photodynamically Treated Bacteria
Authors: Johansen Yngve , Widerøe Hege Christin , Krane Jostein , Johnsson Anders , Johnsson Anders 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is light-sensitive due to porphyrin-induced photosensitization. The light sensitivity increases with incubation of 5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA. For the first time, 1H magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy is used to describe the photoinduced changes in the bacterium after ALA incubation. Successful photosensitization was performed with light-emitting diodes in the blue and red regions (430 and 654 nm, respectively). The irradiation setup, suitable for irradiation of bacaterium suspensions in petri dishes is described. For NMR studies blue light diodes with about 90 μmol/m2s were chosen. After blue light irradiation, the endogenous glycine betaine, proline, glutamate and choline levels in P. acnes decreased with increasing irradiation time. For sublethal light doses (50% survival fraction), the endogenous glycine betaine level decreased 80% on average. The corresponding percentages for proline, choline and glutamate were about 40, 25 and 10, respectively. It is hypothesized that the irradiation, inducing porphyrin photosensitization amplified by ALA incubation, leads to elimination of the osmolyte glycine betaine and possibly also proline by so-called regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mechanisms. These mechanisms are known to be active in several prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells when exposed to hypotonic stress. They are also known to be present in several eukaryotic cells during photodynamic therapy (PDT) exposure leading to hypotonoc stress. The findings contribute to the knowledge of the inactivation mechanisms of P. acnes in photosensitization, and could therefore be of interest in the efforts to use PDT as treatment of the acne disease.
Organosulfur Compounds from Garlic (Allium sativum) Oxidizing Canine Erythrocytes
Authors: Yang Qing , Hu Qiuhui , Yamatoc Osamu , Lee Keun-Woo , Yoshihara Teruhiko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The sulfurous acid ester, trans-sulfurous acid allyl ester 3-allylsulfanyl-allyl ester 8, along with two known thiosulfinates was isolated from the aqueous ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum). The chemical structure of 8 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including high resolution mass and two-dimensional NMR techniques. All of these compounds induced methemoglobin formation in a canine erythrocyte suspension in vitro resulting in the oxidation of canine erythrocytes. This is the first report of sulfurous acid ester showing oxidant activity in canine erythrocytes.
Trapping Effect of Synthetic Sex Pheromone of Acleris fimbriana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Chinese Northern Orchard
Authors: Liu Yuxiu , Meng Xianzuo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The yellow tortrix, Acleris fimbriana Merick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an economically important insect pest on fruit trees with four generations a year in North China. In order to develop a new and effective method for forecasting and controlling the pest, the sex pheromone was studied. We have identified the female sex pheromone as (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal (E11,13-14:Ald), (E)-11,13-tetradecadienyl acetate (E11,13-14:Ac) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac). Trapping effect of synthetic chemicals E11,13-14:Ald, alone and in combination with E11,13-14:Ac or/and E11-14:Ac to A. fimbriana males was tested in Beijing Xishan Orchard (2001). E11,13-14:Ald on its own was much attractive to A. fimbriana males. Neither E11,13-14:Ac nor E11-14:Ac alone caught any moths. The catches markedly increased by adding E11,13-14:Ac to E11,13-14:Ald. The optimum ratio of E11,13- 14:Ald and E11,13-14:Ac was 6:4 to 5:5. This attractiveness was apparently enhanced when 5% to 10% of E11-14:Ac was added. The best field activity was in the lure baited with a 6:4:1 ratio of E11,13-14:Ald, E11,13-14:Ac and E11-14:Ac at a dosage of 1000 μg/septum. The effect of antioxidant, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol [butylated hydroxyluene (BHT)], to the synthetic pheromone blends on its duration and catching efficacy was also tested. Addition of 5-10% BHT to the synthetic pheromone could prolong the life-span of pheromone chemicals for 6-8 weeks, thereby increased its catching efficacy.
Sequestration of Dietary Alkaloids by the Spongivorous Marine Mollusc Tylodina perversa
Authors: Thoms Carsten , Ebel Rainer , Hentsche Ute , Proksch Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Specimens of the spongivorous Mediterranean opisthobranch Tylodina perversa that had been collected while feeding on Aplysina aerophoba were shown to sequester the brominated isoxazoline alkaloids of their prey. Alkaloids were stored in the hepatopancreas, mantle tissues, and egg masses in an organ-specific manner. Surprisingly, the known sponge alkaloid aerothionin which is found only in A. cavernicola but not in A. aerophoba was also among the metabolites identified in wild caught specimens of T. perversa as well as in opisthobranchs with a documented feeding history on A. aerophoba. Mollusc derived aerothionin is postulated to be derived from a previous feeding encounter with A. cavernicola as T. perversa was found to freely feed on both Aplysina sponges in aquarium bioassays. The possible ecological significance of alkaloid sequestration by T. perversa is still unknown.
Feeding Stimulative Activity of Steroidal and Secoiridoid Glucosides and Their Hydrolysed Derivatives toward the Olive Weevil (Dyscerus perforatus)
Authors: Kadowaki Emiko , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Baba Naomichi , Nakajima Shuhei 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
β-Sitosteryl-D-glucoside and oleuropein isolated from the olive tree (Olea europaea) and their hydrolysed derivatives were tested by a feeding stimulative activity bioassay using the olive weevil (Dyscerus perforatus). Although the steroidal glucoside showed potent feeding stimulative activity, the activity of the aglycone (β-sitosterol) was significantly lower than that of the glucoside. On the other hand, the difference in the activity between oleuropein, a secoiridoid glucoside, and the hydrolysed derivatives was not significant.
Alkaloids of Datura ceratocaula
Authors: Berkov Strahil 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Thirty-six alkaloids were identified in the organs of Datura ceratocaula by GC/MS. Thirtythree of them have not been previously reported for the species. Furthermore, a new tropane ester was tentatively identified as 3-(3′-formyloxytropoyloxy)tropane on basis of its mass spectral fragmentation. Hyoscyamine was the main alkaloid in the plant organs.
Two Xanthones from Polygala paniculata and Confirmation of the 1-Hydroxy- 2,3,5-trimethoxy-xanthone at Trace Level by HRGC-MS
Authors: Cristiano Rodrigo , Pizzolatti Moacir G. , Monache Franco Delle , Rezende Claudia M. , Branco Alexsandro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Polygala paniculata L. yielded the xanthones 1-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone (1) and 1,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone (2), together with coumarin murragatin and flavonol rutin. Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods (EIMS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, NOE difference spectroscopy). By posterior analysis of an apolar crude extract using high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HRGC-MS) it was possible to characterize two sterol (spinasterol and Δ25-spinasterol) and the minor 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (3). Thus, the xanthone 3 was confirmed through of co-injection HRGC-MS of the respective extract with a certified standard obtained by methylation of 2 with diazomethane.
Naphthoquinone Derivatives and Lignans from the Paraguayan Crude Drug “Tayï Pytá” (Tabebuia heptaphylla, Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Schmeda-Hirschmann Guillermo , Papastergiou Fani 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Paraguayan crude drug “tayï pytá” is used to treat cancer, wounds and inflammation. It consist of the bark and trunkwood of Tabebuia heptaphylla (Bignoniaceae). A phytochemical study of the crude drug gave, in addition to previously described naphthoquinones and the known lignans cycloolivil and secoisolariciresinol, three new lapachenol (lapachonone)-, two naphthofuran-, a chromone and a naphthalene derivative. The structures were elucidated by means of high field NMR spectroscopy. The biological activity of the main compound lapachol and the related α-lapachone as well as the lignans cycloolivil and secoisolariciresinol can explain, at least in part, the effect atributed to the crude drug in Paraguayan folk medicine.
Cytotoxic Benzophenanthridine and Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Argemone mexicana
Authors: Chang Yuh-Chwen , Chang Fang-Rong , Khalil Ashraf T. , Hsieh Pei-Wen , Wu Yang-Chang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fractionation of the chloroform extract from the aerial part of Argemone mexicana led to the isolation of two benzophenanthridine-type alkaloids, N-demethyloxysanguinarine and pancorine; three benzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids, (+)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(2-hydroxymethyl- 3,4-dimethoxyphenylmethyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyisoquinoline, (+)-higenamine and (+)-reticuline. Among them, N-demethyloxysanguinarine is a new compound, and (+)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenylmethyl)-6,7-methylenedioxy-isoquinoline was isolated form a natural source for the first time, to which was assigned a trivial name, (+)-argenaxine. In addition, six known non-alkaloidal compounds were also isolated and identified. All compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectral data and chemical evidences. Some isolated alkaloids from this species were evaluated for their cytotoxicity to human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HONE-1) and human gastric cancer (NUGC) cell lines. Chelerythrine was found to exhibit significant activity against NUGC cell line, while angoline inhibited both types. (+)-Argenaxine showed moderate activity against the NUGC cell line.
Antifungal Methylphenone Derivatives and 5-Methylcoumarins from Mutisia friesiana
Authors: Viturro Carmen I. , Fuente Juana R. de la , Maier Marta S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In addition to the known mutisicoumarin A, the aerial parts of the shrub Mutisia friesiana afforded five new methylphenones, two new 5-methylcoumarins and a new related chromone. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. 13C NMR data for mutisicoumarin A are reported for the first time. Mutisiphenones A and B and mutisicoumarin A showed antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum.
Lignans, Phenylpropanoids and Polyacetylenes from Chaerophyllum aureum L. (Apiaceae)
Authors: Rollinger Judith M. , Zidorn Christian , Dobner Michael J. , Ellmerer Ernst P. , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Sub-aerial parts of Chaerophyllum aureum L. yielded two polyacetylenes, falcarinol (1), falcarindiol (2), three lignans, namely nemerosin (3), deoxypodorhizone (4), deoxypodo-phyllotoxin (5), two phenylpropanoids, 1′-hydroxymyristicin (6) and its angeloyl ester (7). Compounds 6 and 7 were isolated for the first time from plant material and their structures were elucidated by means of extensive 1- and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. In bioautographic tests on TLC plates the dichloromethane extract showed a significant antimicrobial activity. Falcarindiol was identified as the main active principle whereas the phenylpropanoids and lignans showed no activity.
Secondary Metabolites as Stimulants and Antifeedants of Salix integra for the Leaf Beetle Plagiodera versicolora
Authors: Jassbi Amir Reza 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Plagiodera versicolora, a willow beetle living on S. sachalinensis, is found on S. integra during early June in Hokkaido Island, Japan. This insect selects several species of willows (Salix), including S. integra as host plant in Honshu Island of Japan. To determine the reasons for the limited distribution of this beetle on the willows of Hokkaido, the feeding preference of the insect to leaves of S. integra and its constituents was performed. Feeding-bioassay guided fractionation of an 80% aqueous acetone extract of fresh leaves of Salix integra to Plagiodera versicolora resulted in isolation of feeding stimulant and antifeeding constituents. Chlorogenic acid (1) and 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (2) were identified as antifeedants and 1,2-di[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl]-3-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (MGDG, 3) as feeding stimulants. The feeding test was performed by an agar disk method. The treated agar disks contained sucrose and test sample in different doses. The antifeeding activities of 1 and 2 and stimulant activity of 3 may be one of the reasons for the limited presence of P. versicolora on S. integra in Hokkaido.
Propolis and Some of its Constituents Down-Regulate DNA Synthesis and Inflammatory Cytokine Production but Induce TGF-β1 Production of Human Immune Cells
Authors: Ansorge Siegfried , Reinhold Dirk , Lendeckel Uwe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Propolis, the resinous product collected by honey bees from plants, is used as folk medicine since ancient time. Recently, immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of propolis have been published. The detailed mechanisms of actions of propolis and its components on immune cells, however, are still unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of different propolis extracts, of the flavonoids hesperidin and quercetin as well as of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on basic human immune cell functions. In detail, we measured the effects on DNA synthesis and production of different types of cytokines, namely IL-1β, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1, of mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as of purified T lymphocytes. Our data clearly show that propolis as well as its constituents studied are capable of dosedependently suppressing phythemagglutinin (PHA)-induced DNA synthesis of PBMC and T cells. Moreover, cytokines produced by monocytes/macrophages (IL-1β, IL-12), by Th1 type (IL-2) as well as Th2 type (IL-4) lymphocytes were found to be also suppressed, whereas the production of TGF-β1 by T regulatory cells was ascertained to be increased. These data convincingly demonstrate that propolis has a direct regulatory effect on basic functional properties of immune cells which may be mediated by the Erk2 MAP-kinase signal pathway. Thus, the bee product propolis can be considered as a powerful natural anti-inflammatory medicine influencing different types of immune-responses probably via immunoregulatory T cells.
Function of β-Carotene and Tocopherol in Photosystem II
Authors: Trebst Achim 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
New and known structural and functional insights in the role of β-carotene and of α- tocopherol in photosytem II are reviewed. A concept is presented connecting the failure of P680 triplet quenching by β-carotene with the formation of singlet oxygen and its scavenging in the turnover of the D1 protein and by tocopherol in the maintenance of PS II structure and function.
Tropane Alkaloids from Latua pubiflora
Authors: Muñoz Orlando , Casale John F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Four known tropane alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of the endemic Chilean plant Latua pubiflora (Solanaceae). For the first time; 3α-cinnamoyloxitropane and apoatropine are reported in this plant. Scopolamine and hyoscyamine were previously reported.
Thalictricoside, a New Phenolic Compound from Thalictrum orientale
Authors: Erdemgil F. Zerrin , Baser Kemal Hüsnü Can , Akbay Pinar , Sticher Otto , Çalis Ihsan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From the underground parts of Thalictrum orientale Boiss., a new phenolic compound 1 was isolated in addition to one known cyanoglycoside, lithospermoside (2). For the structure elucidation of all compounds, 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques (DEPT, COSY, HMBC, HSQC) and MS (HR-MALDI) were used. The structure of the new compound was established as 2-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-nitroethane-4′-O-[β-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside] (1).
A New Polyisoprenylated Phloroglucinol Derivative from Hypericum perfoliatum (Clusiaceae)
Authors: Benkiki Naòma , Kabouche Zahia , Tillequin François , Vérité Philippe , Chosson Elizabeth , Seguin Elisabeth 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Hyperfoliatin, a new polyisoprenylated phloroglucinol derivative was isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum perfoliatum (Clusiaceae) collected in Algeria. The structure of hyperfoliatin was elucidated on the basis of its spectral data, mainly MS and multiple-pulse NMR.
Further Meroterpenes Produced by Penicillium sp., an Endophyte Obtained from Melia azedarach
Authors: Santos Regina M. Geris dos , Rodrigues-Fo. Edson 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From the methanolextract of Penicillium sp. cultivated on sterilized rice for three weeks we isolated three new meroterpenes preaustinoid A1, A2 and B1. The fungus was isolated from the root bark of Melia azedarach after surface sterilization. The structures of these compounds were identified by intensive spectroscopic studies.