bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune‐mediated diseases: what can be found in the oral cavity?
Authors: Bascones‐Martínez Antonio , García‐García Virginia , Meurman Jukka H. , Requena‐Caballero Luis 
Published: December 2014

AbstractImmune‐mediated diseases frequently affect oral mucosa, which may often be the first site of clinical manifestation. In this review, we describe the most important oral lesions related to inflammatory disorders and present their management and novel therapies. The review is based on an open PubMed literature search from 1980 to 2012 with relevant keywords. Pemphigus vulgaris, oral lichen planus, cicatricial pemphigoid, erythema multiforme, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, and linear IgA dermatosis are the immune‐mediated diseases with oral manifestations discussed. Etiology is unknown in most of these diseases, but recently some of them have been found to share common genes. Modern treatment of these diseases is based on drugs that interfere along the pathogenic mechanisms instead of the still commonly used palliative measures. However, the immunomodulatory drugs may also cause oral side effects, complicating the clinical picture. Therefore, consulting dental or oral medicine specialists can be necessary in some cases with various immune‐mediated diseases.
Expression, purification and characterization of an atypical 2‐Cys peroxiredoxin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Zhang L. , Lu Z. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPeroxiredoxins (Prxs) play important roles in protecting organisms against damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we cloned a cDNA of Bombyx mori peroxiredoxin 5 (BmPrx5), which contained a 565‐bp open reading frame for a 188‐residue protein. Sequence analysis indicated that BmPrx5 belongs to the atypical 2‐Cys peroxiredoxin family. Recombinant BmPrx5 purified from Escherichia coli showed antioxidant activity that removes H2O2 and protects DNA from oxidative damage. Quantitative real‐time PCR showed that the level of BmPrx5 mRNA in haemocytes increased early and decreased by 24 h after injection of H2O2 whereas, in the fat body, the transcript level decreased at 6 h and increased at 12 h. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infection resulted in higher levels of H2O2 in the haemolymph and of BmPrx5 mRNA in haemocytes at 8 h postinfection. These data suggest that BmPrx5 acts as an antioxidant enzyme to protect the silkworm from oxidative damage induced by bacterial infection. Further study is needed to elucidate the exact role of BmPrx5 in the silkworm immune system.
Association between being overweight and oral health in Serbian schoolchildren
Authors: Markovic Dejan , Ristic‐Medic Danijela , Vucic Vesna , Mitrovic Goran , Nikolic Ivosevic Jelena , Peric Tamara , Karadzic Ivana 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundChildhood obesity, dental caries, and periodontal disease are major public health problems due to their adverse impact on the growth and development of children.AimTo examine the association between nutritional status, oral health, and lifestyle habits among schoolchildren in Serbia.DesignThis cross‐sectional study assessed 422 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years with the following dental indexes analyzed: DMF/dmf (decayed, missed, and filled teeth), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). Depending on their nutritional status, the subjects were categorized, as being ‘normal weight,’ ‘at risk of overweight,’ and ‘overweight.’ Logistic regression was applied to study the association between the dental indexes and independent variables: gender, age, toothbrushing, nutritional status, and lifestyle factors.ResultsBeing overweight positively correlated with GI, but negatively correlated with the DMF/dmf index among the participants. Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between the weight category and toothbrushing with GI and PI. Overweight children (6–11 years) were less likely to have caries, whereas in older children/adolescents (12–18 years), caries was associated with the intake of sugar‐sweetened juices.ConclusionsBeing overweight was found to be significantly associated with a higher probability of developing gingivitis and negatively associated with caries prevalence in Serbian children and adolescents.
Influence of professional experience on detection and treatment decision of occlusal caries lesions in primary teeth
Authors: Bussaneli Diego Girotto , Boldieri Thalita , Diniz Michele Baffi , Lima Rivera Luciana Monti , Santos‐Pinto Lourdes , Cordeiro Rita De Cássia Loiola 
Published: December 2014

AimTo evaluate the influence of examiner's clinical experience on detection and treatment decision of caries lesions in primary molars.DesignThree experienced dentists (Group A) and three undergraduate students (Group B) used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria and bitewing radiographs (BW) to perform examinations twice in 77 primary molars that presented a sound or carious occlusal surface. For the treatment decision (TD), the examiners attributed scores, analyzing the teeth in conjunction with the radiographs. The presence and the depth of lesion were validated histologically, and reproducibility was evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve values were calculated for ICDAS and BW. The associations between ICDAS, BW, and TD were analyzed by means of contingency tables.ResultsInterexaminer agreement for ICDAS, BW, and TD were excellent for Group B and moderate for Group A. The two groups presented similar and satisfactory performance for caries lesion detection using ICDAS and BW. In the treatment decision, Group A was shown to have a less invasive approach than Group B.ConclusionThe examiner's experience was not determinant for the clinical and radiographic detection of occlusal lesions in primary teeth but influenced the treatment decision of initial lesions.
The dental health of children subject to a child protection plan
Authors: Keene Emily J. , Skelton Ruth , Day Peter F. , Munyombwe Theresa , Balmer Richard C. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundIn the United Kingdom, child maltreatment is an area of increased awareness and concern.AimTo compare the dental health of children subject to child protection plans with controls.DesignChildren had to be aged between two and 11 years, medically healthy, and subject either to a child protection plan or attending the paediatric outpatient orthopaedic or general surgery clinics (control group). All children had a standardized oral examination.ResultsSeventy‐nine children were examined in each group. Children with child protection plans had statistically higher levels of primary tooth decay than controls (mean dmft 3.82 and 2.03, Mann–Whitney U test P = 0.002). After adjusting for socioeconomic status, the incidence rate ratios for the occurrence of dental caries in the primary dentition in children with a child protection plan was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.44–2.15) relative to the controls. There was no statistical difference in the levels of permanent tooth decay between the study and control groups (mean DMFT 0.71 and 0.30, respectively). The care index was significantly lower (P = 0.008, Mann–Whitney U test) in the study group (1.69%) compared to the control group (6.02%).ConclusionsChildren subject to child protection plans had significantly higher levels of dental caries in the primary dentition.
Croatian dentists' knowledge, experience, and attitudes in regard to child abuse and neglect
Authors: Cukovic‐Bagic Ivana , Dumancic Jelena , Kujundzic Tiljak Mirjana , Drvaric Iva , Boric Biserka , Kopic Vlatko , Krupic Ivana , Bakarcic Danko , Budimir Marijo , Welbury Richard R. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundChild abuse and neglect (CAN) is a widespread social phenomenon encompassing all forms of maltreatment with serious lifelong consequences. Dentists and dental team members are in the unique position to identify the symptoms of CAN often visible in craniofacial region.AimTo evaluate Croatian dentists' level of knowledge, experience, and attitude towards CAN issue.DesignInvestigation was conducted in five major Croatian cities (Zagreb, Varaždin, Osijek, Rijeka, and Split). A previously used questionnaire regarding knowledge and experience in child protection was adopted to Croatian terminology and distributed to 544 dentists.ResultsA total of 510 dentists who returned a questionnaire with valid data 26.27% reported to have had suspicion of CAN during professional career and 5.1% reported their suspicion within the last 6 months, mostly to social services and police. Fear of violence towards the child and uncertainty about observations were the most frequently reported barriers towards referring and only 11.4% knew the procedure. About 80% of respondents want further training in identifying and reporting of physical abuse.ConclusionsStudy showed a lack of knowledge and uncertainty in recognizing and reporting CAN cases in Croatian dentists. They expressed the need for undergraduate and post‐graduate continuing education on this issue.
Influence of Particle Size on Nonisothermal Crystallization in a Lithium Disilicate Glass
Authors: Marques Leyliane E. , Costa Alberth M. C. , Crovace Murilo C. , Rodrigues Ana C. M. , Cabral Aluisio A. 
Published: December 2014

In this study, lithium disilicate (LS2) glass samples with different particle sizes ranging from less than 105 to 850 μm were prepared. These specimens were inserted in a Pt‐Rh DSC crucible and heated to 850°C at different rates (ϕ = 0.5–30 K/min) to identify their crystallization peaks. The activation energies for the overall crystallization (E) and the Avrami coefficient (n) were evaluated using different nonisothermal models. Specifically, n was evaluated using the Augis–Benett model and the Ozawa method, and E was evaluated using the Kissinger and Ligero methods. As expected, the coarse particles mainly crystallized in the volume, while surface crystallization was predominant in the samples with particle sizes of less than 350 μm. This result was confirmed through SEM analysis of the double stage heat‐treated samples. In contrast with previous studies, our results demonstrated that the activation energy decreased as the particle size increased. In addition, no clear correlation between the peak intensity (δTp) and the particle size was observed.
Instability in patient and nurse characteristics, unit complexity and patient and system outcomes
Authors: Duffield Christine M. , Roche Michael A. , Dimitrelis Sofia , Homer Caroline , Buchan James 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore key factors related to nursing unit instability, complexity and patient and system outcomes.BackgroundThe relationship between nurse staffing and quality of patient outcomes is well known. The nursing unit is an important but different aspect that links to complexity and to system and patient outcomes. The relationship between the instability, complexity and outcomes needs further exploration.DesignDescriptive.MethodsData were collected via a nurse survey, unit profile and review of patient records on 62 nursing units (wards) across three states of Australia between 2008–2010. Two units with contrasting levels of patient and nurse instability and negative system and patient outcomes, were profiled in detail from the larger sample.ResultsWard A presented with greater patient stability (low occupancy, high planned admissions, few ICU transfers, fewer changes to patient acuity/work re‐sequencing) and greater nurse instability (nurses changing units, fewer full‐time staff, more temporary/casual staff) impacting system outcomes negatively (high staff turnover). In contrast, Ward B had greater patient instability, however, more nurse stability (greater experienced and permanent staff, fewer casuals), resulting in high rates for falls, medication errors and other adverse patient outcomes with lower rates for system outcomes (lower intention to leave).ConclusionInstability in patient and nurse factors can contribute to ward complexity with potentially negative patient outcomes. The findings highlight the variation of many aspects of the system where nurses work and the importance of nursing unit managers and senior nurse executives in managing ward complexity.
Therapeutic inferences for individual patients
Authors: Flores Luis 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIncreased awareness of the gap between controlled research and medical practice has raised concerns over whether the special attention of doctors to probability estimates from clinical trials really improves the care of individuals. Evidence‐based medicine has acknowledged that research results are not applicable to all kinds of patients, and consequently, has attempted to overcome this limitation by introducing improvements in the design and analysis of clinical trials.MethodsA clinical case is used to highlight the premises required to support reasonable extrapolations from controlled research to individuals. Then, the prospects of two key methodological improvements – pragmatic randomized controlled trials and subgroup analysis – are critically appraised.ResultsA principle to guide therapeutic inferences is suggested. According to this principle, the probabilities of interest for purposes of therapeutic decision making are those of the set defined by everything that is relevant to the patient and the outcome of interest at the time of the decision. It is argued that the conditions necessary to authorize automatic extrapolations of research results to specific patients are highly demanding. Furthermore, these requirements are rarely accomplished in real practice, even in the event that probability estimates come from samples generally taken as representative and are derived from specific subsets of patients.ConclusionsClinicians should generally avoid unreflective extrapolations from research and address, as explicitly as possible, the challenge of estimating probabilities for individual patients. A key element of this task is the integration of data from research and non‐research sources.
ScatterJ: An ImageJ plugin for the evaluation of analytical microscopy datasets
Authors: ZEITVOGEL F. , SCHMID G. , HAO L. , INGINO P. , OBST M. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe present ScatterJ, an ImageJ plugin that allows for extracting qualitative as well as quantitative information from analytical microscopy datasets. A large variety of analytical microscopy methods are used to obtain spatially resolved chemical information. The resulting datasets are often large and complex, and can contain information that is not obvious or directly accessible. ScatterJ extends and complements existing methods to extract information on correlation and colocalization from pairs of species‐specific or element‐specific maps. We demonstrate the possibilities to extract information using example datasets from biogeochemical studies, although the plugin is not restricted to this type of research. The information that we could extract from our existing data helped to further our understanding of biogeochemical processes such as mineral formation or heavy metal sorption. ScatterJ can be used for a variety of different two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) datasets such as energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy maps, 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy maps, and 2D scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy maps.
Side of ovarian endometrioma does not affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile women after laparoscopic cystectomy
Authors: Yu Hsing‐Tse , Huang Hong‐Yuan , Lee Chyi‐Long , Soong Yung‐Kuei , Wang Chin‐Jung 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of the laterality of ovarian endometrioma on pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) in infertile patients undergoing laparoscopic cystectomy.Material and MethodsA total of 103 IVF/ICSI cycles in patients who had undergone laparoscopic cystectomy for unilateral endometriomas were reviewed retrospectively from January 2005 through December 2009. There were 41 cycles where laparoscopic cystectomy had been carried out for right endometriomas and 62 cycles after left‐side surgery. Primary outcome measures were ovarian reserve and ovarian response. Secondary outcome measures were the implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate.ResultsThere was no difference among the two groups with regard to antral follicle count, number of oocytes retrieved, the dosage of gonadotrophin, estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotrophin day, good‐quality embryos for transfer, and fertilization rate. The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were similar between the two groups; however, the implantation rate was significantly lower in the cycles with left‐side ovarian endometrioma compared to the right counterpart (10.1% vs 20.2%; P = 0.015).ConclusionThere were no associations among the laterality of ovarian endometrioma, ovarian reserve and ovarian response in IVF/ICSI cycles. However, left ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic cystectomy may impair implantation rate as compared to right ovarian endometrioma.
Vaginal carcinoma in a young woman who underwent fertility‐sparing treatment involving chemotherapy and conservative surgery
Authors: Mabuchi Yasushi , Yahata Tamaki , Kobayashi Aya , Tanizaki Yuko , Minami Sawako , Ino Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVaginal carcinoma is a rare gynecological malignancy that is usually treated by radiation therapy and/or surgery combined with chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of invasive vaginal carcinoma in a young woman who underwent fertility‐sparing treatment involving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conservative surgery. A 36‐year‐old non‐parous woman had a solid tumor in the vagina. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a tumor in the vagina with high FDG uptake (SUV = 17.33) but no metastatic lesions. The patient was diagnosed with vaginal squamous cell carcinoma, FIGO stage I, T1N0M0. Because she wished to retain her fertility, neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of irinotecan hydrochloride and nedaplatin was initiated. After four courses of chemotherapy, partial vaginectomy was carried out and the pathological diagnosis of the residual lesion was VAIN 3. Following two further courses of the same chemotherapy, she obtained complete response, and has shown no evidence of disease for 14 months.
Decreased β‐catenin expression in first‐trimester villi and decidua of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Li Shuhong , Li Ning , Zhu Peng , Wang Yanwei , Tian Yongjie , Wang Xietong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimWe aimed to study the relation between Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway and recurrent spontaneous abortion through investigating the expression of β‐catenin and Dickkof‐1 in first‐trimester villi and decidua of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients.Material and MethodsVillous and decidual tissues were collected from 40 women (20 patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and 20 patients with normal, early pregnancy). Western blots were used to measure the protein levels of β‐catenin in villi and decidua, and the localization of β‐catenin was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the mRNA levels of β‐catenin and Dickkof‐1 in villi and decidua, respectively.ResultsOur results indicated that β‐catenin was expressed predominantly in plasma membranes of the villous cytotrophoblasts and glandular epithelium. What's more, its expression significantly decreased at both mRNA and protein levels, whereas the mRNA levels of Dickkof‐1 significantly increased in villi and decidua of the recurrent spontaneous abortion group compared with the normal control group.ConclusionWe therefore speculated that the downregulated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway might be associated with the process of the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Conservative adenomyomectomy with transient occlusion of uterine arteries for diffuse uterine adenomyosis
Authors: Kwon Yong‐Soon , Roh Hyun Jin , Ahn Jun Woo , Lee Sang‐Hun , Im Kyong Shil 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the feasibility and safety of adenomyomectomy with transient occlusion of uterine arteries (TOUA) in patients with symptomatic diffuse uterine adenomyosis.Material and MethodsTwenty‐six patients with symptomatic diffuse uterine adenomyosis underwent adenomyomectomy with TOUA by a single surgeon at Ulsan University Hospital between May 2011 and September 2012. Surgical outcomes included operative time, intraoperative injury to blood vessels, nerves, and pelvic organs and operative blood loss. We assessed the degree of improvement in dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia at the 4‐month follow‐up after completion of adjuvant gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 37.73 years (range, 27–49 years). The mean total surgical time was 95.0 min (range, 60–145 min; SD, 34.49). The mean estimated blood loss was 191.54 mL (range, 80–400 mL; SD, 110.91) and there were no cases of injury to the uterine arteries or pelvic nerves. The mean time of TOUA was 9.79 min (range, 6–16 min; SD, 2.74). The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.65 days (range, 4–7 days; SD, 0.85). There were no major complications requiring reoperation or readministration during the mean follow‐up period of 13.5 months. At the 7‐month follow‐up after adenomyomectomy with TOUA, complete remission of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia was observed in 94.4% and 100% of patients, respectively.ConclusionsAdenomyomectomy with TOUA could be a safe and effective surgical method in women with symptomatic diffuse uterine adenomyosis to preserve fertility.
Comparison of molar intrusion efficiency and bone density by CT in patients with different vertical facial morphology
Authors: Ding W.H. , Li W. , Chen F. , Zhang J. F , Lv Y. , Chen X.Y. , Lin W.W. , Fu Z. , Shi J.J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between molar intrusion efficiency and bone density in patients with different vertical facial morphology. Thirty‐six female patients, with overerupted upper first molars, were divided into two groups according to mandiblular plane angle (FH‐MP): hyperdivergent, FH‐MP>30° (G1), hypodivergent, FH‐MP<22° (G2). Mini‐screw implants with elastic chains were used to intrude upper first molars. Spiral CT was used to measure the intrusion degree of upper first molar and bone density, and molar intrusion efficiency was calculated as amount/duration (mm month−1). In addition, each tooth was divided into three portions (cervical, furcation and apical) to measure the bone density. It was found in this study that treatment duration was 3·13 and 4·71 months in G1 and G2 and that the intrusion efficiency was 1·57 and 0·81 in G1 and G2 with significant difference (P < 0·05). There were significant differences in cervical, furcation and apical bone density between two groups (P < 0·05). The bone density was significantly reduced after molar intrusion. In addition, the bone density change was greater in G1 than in G2 (P < 0·05). It was concluded that molars were more easily to be intruded in hyperdivergent than in hypodivergent patients. The difference of bone density and bone density changes during intrusion may account for the variation of molar intrusion efficiency.