bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic and dielectric properties of chain cuprate Li
Authors: Apostolova I. N. , Apostolov A. T. , Wesselinowa J. M. , Trimper S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren We propose a microscopic model in order to study the multiferroic properties of LiZrCuO at low temperatures taking into account the competing nearest and next‐nearest magnetic interactions, frustration, and a linear magnetoelectric coupling. To understand the experimental observation an anti‐ferroelectric interaction between the CuO chains is included. The magnetization exhibits a peak at the antiferromagnetic transition temperature , whereas the dielectric function offers no anomaly at that temperature, however can be governed by an external magnetic field . It decreases with increasing magnetic field . Our analysis provides no indication about a glass‐like order of Li(1) discussed controversially.
Biology and oncogenicity of the Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus K1 protein
Authors: Sousa‐Squiavinato Annie Cristhine Moraes , Silvestre Renata Nacasaki , Elgui De Oliveira Deilson 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8, is a gammaherpesvirus etiologically linked to the development of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphomas, and multicentric Castleman disease in humans. KSHV is unique among other human herpesviruses because of the elevated number of viral products that mimic human cellular proteins, such as a viral cyclin, a viral G protein‐coupled receptor, anti‐apoptotic proteins (e.g. v‐bcl2 and v‐FLIP), viral interferon regulatory factors, and CC chemokine viral homologues. Several KSHV products have oncogenic properties, including the transmembrane K1 glycoprotein. KSHV K1 is encoded in the viral ORFK1, which is the most variable portion of the viral genome, commonly used to discriminate among viral genotypes. The extracellular region of K1 has homology with the light chain of lambda immunoglobulin, and its cytoplasmic region contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif (ITAM). KSHV K1 ITAM activates several intracellular signaling pathways, notably PI3K/AKT. Consequently, K1 expression inhibits proapoptotic proteins and increases the life‐span of KSHV‐infected cells. Another remarkable effect of K1 activity is the production of inflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. KSHV K1 immortalizes primary human endothelial cells and transforms rodent fibroblasts in vitro; moreover, K1 induces tumors in vivo in transgenic mice expressing this viral protein. This review aims to consolidate and discuss the current knowledge on this intriguing KSHV protein, focusing on activities of K1 that can contribute to the pathogenesis of KSHV‐associated human cancers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reliability‐based investigation into ductility measures of RC beams designed according to fib Model Code 2010
Authors: Baji Hassan , Ronagh Hamid R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA reliability‐based investigation into the ductility measures for reinforced concrete (RC) beams designed according to the current fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 is presented in this paper. Based on the ductility ratio (= ratio of strain in tensile rebar to yield stress of steel), a limit state to ensure adequate ductility in RC beams is proposed. Results show that the ductility ratio generally follows a right‐skewed distribution, and due to variability in the material properties and model error, there is high variability in the strain ductility. This high variability in the ductility ratio leads to a high probability of non‐ductile behaviour for RC beam designs based on the code. This is more pronounced for normal‐strength concrete and grade S500 steel. Based on a target probability taken from the literature, a modification to the allowable neutral axis depth advised by the code is proposed. The results presented in this paper indicate that more reliability‐based studies of the safety factors provided by fib Model Code 2010 are needed in order to ensure adequate ductility in RC beams.
Chemical Synthesis of the Epimeric (23R)‐ and (23S)‐Fluoro Derivatives of Bile Acids via Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction
Authors: Omura Kaoru , Adachi Yuuki , Kobayashi Yuuki , Sekiguchi Shoutaro , Zhou Biao , Iida Takashi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA method for the synthesis of two (23R)‐ and (23S)‐epimeric pairs of 23‐fluoro‐3α,7α,12α‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid and 23‐fluoro‐3α,7α‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid is described. The key intermediates, 23,24‐dinor‐22‐aldehyde peracetates were prepared from cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids via the 24‐nor‐22‐ene, 24‐nor‐22ξ,23‐epoxy, and 23,24‐dinor‐22‐aldehyde derivatives. The Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction of the 23,24‐dinor‐22‐aldehydes using triethyl 2‐fluoro‐2‐phosphonoacetate in the presence of LiCl and 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting 23ξ‐fluoro‐22‐ene ethyl esters, followed by hydrolysis, gave a mixture of the epimeric (23R)‐ and (23S)‐fluorinated bile acids which were resolved efficiently by preparative RP‐HPLC. The stereochemical configuration of the fluorine atom at C‐23 in the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed directly by the X‐ray crystallographic data. The 1H and 13C NMR spectral differences between the (23R)‐ and (23S)‐epimers were also discussed.
Network effects in two-sided markets: why a 50/50 user split is not necessarily revenue optimal
Authors: Voigt Sebastian , Hinz Oliver 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOur study applies empirical scrutiny to the network effects of a leading European online dating platform. While one might expect equal gender representation on such a platform to yield the best user experience and the highest revenue per user, our analysis shows that the platform requires only 36.2 % of its user base to be female to maximize revenue, primarily because women exert stronger positive cross-side network effects on men than vice versa; this optimum results in 17.2 % higher sales than a 50/50 split. Intermediaries of two-sided markets can use our model to improve user acquisition strategies.
Early-onset vs. Late-onset Parkinson’s disease: A Clinical-pathological Study
Authors: Ferguson Leslie Wayne , Rajput Ali H. , Rajput Alexander 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground:Several studies have compared early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson disease (LOPD) but most are not based on autopsy confirmed cases.Methods:We compared clinical and pharmacological profiles, time to reach irreversible Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) Stage 3 and levodopa motor complications in autopsy confirmed EOPD and LOPD cases.Results:At first clinic visit EOPD cases were younger but had longer disease duration and they died at a younger age (all p<0.0001). Anti-Parkinsonian drug use, including levodopa, was significantly delayed in EOPD. Lifetime use of amantadine (p<0.05) and dopamine agonists (p<0.01) were higher in EOPD. While lifetime use of levodopa was similar in the two groups, levodopa was used for a significantly longer period by EOPD (p< 0.0001). EOPD had a higher cumulative incidence of dyskinesias (p<0.01), wearing-off (p<0.01), and on-off (p<0.01). However, the time to dyskinesia onset was similar in the two groups. The threshold to wearing-off was much longer in EOPD (p<0.01). H&Y stage profile at first visit was similar in the two groups. The duration from disease onset to reach irreversible H&Y stage 3 was significantly longer in EOPD.Conclusions:Our observations indicate that progression of PD is slower in EOPD and suggest that the pre-clinical interval in this group is longer. These findings can be used for case selection for drug trials and studies of the pathogenesis of PD.
The Industrial Development Authority, 1949–58: establishment, evolution and expansion of influence
Authors: Barry Frank , Ó Fathartaigh Mícheál 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Established in 1949 in the face of Fianna Fáil hostility, and greeted with suspicion by both the department of Industry and Commerce and the department of Finance, the Industrial Development Authority within ten years had carved out a powerful position for itself within the bureaucracy. By the early 1950s, while Seán Lemass was still wedded to the concept of import-substituting industrialisation, the I.D.A. was formulating its vision for ‘industrialisation by invitation’ and lobbying internally for the introduction of export profits tax relief. The adoption of this measure in 1956 initiated the low corporation-tax regime that remains in place to this day. Though frequently conflated, the reorientation of industrial policy in the 1950s and the dismantling of tariff barriers in the 1960s were quite separate initiatives. That the establishment of the I.D.A. and the adoption of export profits tax relief were opposed by the department of Finance and enacted by inter-party governments clearly distinguishes them from the later trade-liberalisation initiative associated with the partnership of T. K. Whitaker and Lemass. The present paper explores the circumstances surrounding the establishment of the I.D.A. and traces its evolution and expanding influence over the first ten years of its existence.
Why Do Family-controlled Firms Donate to Charity? The Role of Intrafamily Succession Intention, Social Status, and Religiosity
Authors: Li Weiwen , Au Kevin Yuk-fai , He Ai , Song Lihong 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDrawing on expectancy theory and the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective, we propose that family owners with intrafamily succession intention are more motivated to accumulate or preserve SEW. As corporate philanthropy is a critical way for family-controlled firms to accumulate or maintain SEW, family owners with intrafamily succession intention are more likely to engage in corporate philanthropic activities. Data on a nationally representative sample of family-controlled firms in China support our prediction. We also find that the relationship between intrafamily succession intention and corporate philanthropy is moderated by family owners’ social status and religiosity. The findings contribute to our understanding about family businesses, in general, and those in China, in particular, as well as the SEW perspective.
Habitat fragmentation and its implications for Endangered chimpanzeePan troglodytesconservation
Authors: Knight Alexander , Chapman Hazel M. , Hale Marie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTaraba State, Nigeria, is an important conservation site for the Endangered Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzeePan troglodytes ellioti. Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria's largest national park and home to potentially the largest contiguous population of the Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee, spans a significant portion of the eastern sector of Taraba and the adjoining Adamawa State. South of the Park, Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve comprises two forest fragments and holds a small population of chimpanzees. We investigated the existence of patterns in population structure and dispersal within this region, using microsatellite loci extracted from non-invasive sources of DNA. Our results indicate that dispersal and thus gene flow between the groups of chimpanzees at the Park and Reserve is limited, at least more so than it is within the Park, and we identified a biased sex ratio at the Reserve, forewarning of potential conservation concerns in relation to demographic and genetic stochasticity. We discuss conservation actions that may be applicable to sustaining the population within Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve.
Neurocognition in individuals at high familial risk of mood disorders with or without subsequent onset of depression
Authors: Papmeyer M. , Sussmann J. E. , Hall J. , McKirdy J. , Peel A. , Macdonald A. , Lawrie S. M. , Whalley H. C. , McIntosh A. M. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundNeurocognitive performance deficits have been observed in mood disorder patients and their unaffected relatives and may therefore qualify as endophenotypes. However, the precise time course of neurocognitive deficits has not been studied so that it is unknown whether neurocognitive abnormalities reflect the early effects of familial vulnerability to mood disorders or if they emerge at illness onset.MethodA neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up interval in 111 initially unaffected young adults at high familial risk of mood disorders and 93 healthy controls (HC). During the follow-up period, 20 high-risk subjects developed major depressive disorder (HR-MDD), with the remainder remaining well (HR-well). Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate differences and longitudinal changes in the domains of attentional processing, working memory, verbal learning and memory, and cognitive flexibility.ResultsReduced long delay verbal memory and extradimensional set-shifting performance across both time points were found in the HR-well group relative to controls. The HR-MDD group displayed decreased extradimensional set-shifting abilities across both time points as compared with the HC group only. There were no significant performance differences between the two high-risk groups.ConclusionsReduced verbal memory and cognitive flexibility are familial trait markers for vulnerability to mood disorders in individuals with a close family history of bipolar disorder. Both neurocognitive performance deficits appear to be relatively stable over a 2-year time period and do not appear to be linked to the onset of MDD. These findings support their use as stable quantitative endophenotypes for mood disorders.
Abnormalities of cortical structures in adolescent-onset conduct disorder
Authors: Jiang Y. , Guo X. , Zhang J. , Gao J. , Wang X. , Situ W. , Yi J. , Zhang X. , Zhu X. , Yao S. , Huang B. 
Published: July 2015

Background.Converging evidence has revealed both functional and structural abnormalities in adolescents with early-onset conduct disorder (EO-CD). The neurological abnormalities underlying EO-CD may be different from that of adolescent-onset conduct disorder (AO-CD) patients. However, the cortical structure in AO-CD patients remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cortical alterations in AO-CD patients.Method.We investigated T1-weighted brain images from AO-CD patients and age-, gender- and intelligence quotient-matched controls. Cortical structures including thickness, folding and surface area were measured using the surface-based morphometric method. Furthermore, we assessed impulsivity and antisocial symptoms using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD).Results.Compared with the controls, we found significant cortical thinning in the paralimbic system in AO-CD patients. For the first time, we observed cortical thinning in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in AO-CD patients which has not been reported in EO-CD patients. Prominent folding abnormalities were found in the paralimbic structures and frontal cortex while diminished surface areas were shown in the precentral and inferior temporal cortex. Furthermore, cortical thickness of the paralimbic structures was found to be negatively correlated with impulsivity and antisocial behaviors measured by the BIS and APSD, respectively.Conclusions.The present study indicates that AO-CD is characterized by cortical structural abnormalities in the paralimbic system, and, in particular, we highlight the potential role of deficient structures including the precuneus and PCC in the etiology of AO-CD.
Parent and youth dopamine D4 receptor genotypes moderate multilevel contextual effects on rural African American youth's risk behavior
Authors: Cho Junhan , Kogan Steven M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe present investigation extends research on Gene × Environment interactions and youth risk behavior by linking multilevel contextual factors, such as community disadvantage and protective parenting practices, to both parental and youth dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) genotypes. We expected community disadvantage to influence youth risk behavior via a series of indirect effects involving protective parenting and youth's planful future orientation when both parents’ and youth's DRD4 status was considered. Genetic moderation processes also were tested to determine whether they conformed to a diathesis–stress or a differential susceptibility model. Hypotheses were investigated with data from 361 rural African American youth and their parents assessed 3 times when youth were ages 16 to 19. Community disadvantage interacted with parental DRD4 status to predict low levels of protective parenting. Protective parenting, in turn, interacted with youth DRD4 status to forecast increases in youth's planful future orientations, a proximal influence on changes in risk behavior. The Parental DRD4 × Community Disadvantage interaction, but not youth DRD4 × Protective Parenting, conformed to a differential susceptibility model. Indirect effect analyses revealed a significant indirect path linking community disadvantage to youth risk behavior through a series of multilevel Gene × Environment interaction processes.
Phenotypic and genetic parameters for milk yield in traditional Nublang cattle (Bos indicus) of Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Jigme , Dhendup  , MacLeod Iona M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe Nublang is a unique dual-purpose breed ofBos indicuscattle found in Bhutan. They have been crossed with Mithun (Bos frontalis) andBos taurusbreeds in an effort to improve milk production leading to a decline in the population of purebred Nublang. An alternative to crossbreeding would be the genetic improvement of milk yield within purebred Nublang, thus allowing conservation and sustainable utilization of the pure breed. It is important to measure the genetic variability (heritability) of milk yield to assess the potential for genetic improvement within Nublang. Therefore this study estimated phenotypic and genetic parameters of milk yield using 2 052 test day milk yields from 66 cows recorded from 1997 to 2013 in the National Nublang Farm, Tashiyangphu. The average daily milk yield (DMY) was 2.12 ± 0.7 litres (N 2 052, range: 0.3–5.0 L, CV: 34 percent). Parity, month in milk and year all had a significant effect on DMY (P&lt; 0.05). The average lactation milk yield (LMY) was 519.2 ± 151 L (N: 261, range: 115–881.7, CV: 29.1 percent) and average lactation length was 239 days. LMY was significantly influenced by parity (P&lt; 0.05) and season of calving. The heritability of DMY and LMY was 0.22 ± 0.16 and 0.13 ± 0.20, respectively. The repeatability estimates were 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.49 ± 0.08 for DMY and LMY, respectively. Overall the heritability and repeatability estimates of milk yields indicate potential for genetic improvement of milk yield in Nublang cattle through selection. However, it is recommended that a larger dataset is generated to enable more precise estimates of genetic parameters.
3D-printed microelectronics for integrated circuitry and passive wireless sensors
Authors: Wu Sung-Yueh , Yang Chen , Hsu Wensyang , Lin Liwei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) additive manufacturing techniques have been utilized to make 3D electrical components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, as well as circuits and passive wireless sensors. Using the fused deposition modeling technology and a multiple-nozzle system with a printing resolution of 30 μm, 3D structures with both supporting and sacrificial structures are constructed. After removing the sacrificial materials, suspensions with silver particles are injected subsequently solidified to form metallic elements/interconnects. The prototype results show good characteristics of fabricated 3D microelectronics components, including an inductor–capacitor-resonant tank circuitry with a resonance frequency at 0.53 GHz. A 3D “smart cap” with an embedded inductor–capacitor tank as the wireless passive sensor was demonstrated to monitor the quality of liquid food (e.g., milk and juice) wirelessly. The result shows a 4.3% resonance frequency shift from milk stored in the room temperature environment for 36 h. This work establishes an innovative approach to construct arbitrary 3D systems with embedded electrical structures as integrated circuitry for various applications, including the demonstrated passive wireless sensors.
Extra virgin olive oil use is associated with improved post-prandial blood glucose and LDL cholesterol in healthy subjects
Authors: Violi F , Loffredo L , Pignatelli P , Angelico F , Bartimoccia S , Nocella C , Cangemi R , Petruccioli A , Monticolo R , Pastori D , Carnevale R 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Objectives:
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a key component of the Mediterranean diet and seems to account for the protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive.

Design:
We tested the effect of EVOO, added to Mediterranean-type meal, on post-prandial glycemic and lipid profile.

Subjects:
Post-prandial glycemic and lipid profile were investigated in 25 healthy subjects who were randomly allocated in a cross-over design to a Mediterranean-type meal added with or without 10 g EVOO (first study), or Mediterranean-type meal with EVOO (10 g) or corn oil (10 g; second study). Glycemic profile, which included glucose, insulin, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) protein and activity, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and lipid profile, which included, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), were analyzed before and 2 h after the meal.

Results:
In the first study, 2 h after meal, subjects who assumed a meal with EVOO had significantly lower blood glucose (P<0.001), DPP-4 protein (P<0.001) and activity (P<0.001), LDL-C (P<0.001) and ox-LDL (P<0.001) and higher insulin (P<0.05), GLP-1 (P<0.001) and GIP (P<0.05) compared with those without EVOO. The second study showed that compared with corn oil, EVOO improved both glycemic and lipid profile. Thus, a significantly smaller increase of glucose (P<0.05), DPP4 protein (P<0.001) and activity (P<0.05) and higher increase of insulin (P<0.001) and GLP-1 (P<0.001) were observed. Furthermore, compared with corn oil, EVOO showed a significantly less increase of LDL-C (P<0.05) and ox-LDL (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
We report for the first time that EVOO improves post-prandial glucose and LDL-C, an effect that may account for the antiatherosclerotic effect of the Mediterranean diet.