bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhythmic cortical neurons increase their oscillations and sculpt basal ganglia signaling during motor learning
Authors: Day Nancy F. , Nick Teresa A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe function and modulation of neural circuits underlying motor skill may involve rhythmic oscillations (Feller, ; Marder and Goaillard, ; Churchland et al., ). In the proposed pattern generator for birdsong, the cortical nucleus HVC, the frequency and power of oscillatory bursting during singing increases with development (Crandall et al., ; Day et al., ). We examined the maturation of cellular activity patterns that underlie these changes. Single unit ensemble recording combined with antidromic identification (Day et al., ) was used to study network development in anesthetized zebra finches. Autocovariance quantified oscillations within single units. A subset of neurons oscillated in the theta/alpha/mu/beta range (8–20 Hz), with greater power in adults compared to juveniles. Across the network, the normalized oscillatory power in the 8–20 Hz range was greater in adults than juveniles. In addition, the correlated activity between rhythmic neuron pairs increased with development. We next examined the functional impact of the oscillators on the output neurons of HVC. We found that the firing of oscillatory neurons negatively correlated with the activity of cortico‐basal ganglia neurons (HVCXs), which project to Area X (the song basal ganglia). If groups of oscillators work together to tonically inhibit and precisely control the spike timing of adult HVCXs with coordinated release from inhibition, then the activity of HVCXs in juveniles should be decreased relative to adults due to uncorrelated, tonic inhibition. Consistent with this hypothesis, HVCXs had lower activity in juveniles. These data reveal network changes that shape cortical‐to‐basal ganglia signaling during motor learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 754–768, 2013
Voltammetric Electronic Tongue for the Qualitative Analysis of Beers
Authors: Cetó Xavier , Gutiérrez Juan Manuel , Mimendia Aitor , Céspedes Francisco , del Valle Manel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper deals with the application of a voltammetric electronic tongue (ET) towards beers classification. For this purpose, samples were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry without performing any sample pretreatment, albeit its dilution with distilled water. The voltammetric signals were first preprocessed employing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Then, using the obtained coefficients, responses were evaluated using three different clustering techniques: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). In this case, the ET has demonstrated a good capability to correctly discriminate and classify the different beer samples according to its type (Lager, Stout and IPA) and manufacture process (commercial and craft).
A Solid‐State Electrochemiluminescence Sensor for Label‐Free Analysis of Leukemia Cells
Authors: Liu Afang , Qing Meng , Pan Yuliang , Peng Ying , Guo Manli , Huang Yan , Nie Zhou , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method for label‐free detection of cancer cells was proposed for the first time by capturing negatively charged Jurkat cells onto Ru(bpy′)${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$‐immobilized indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode via electrostatic interaction. The ECL sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, good stability and a linear response to Jurkat cells in the concentration range from 1×103 to 2×105 cells/mL, with a detection limit of 730 cells/mL. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied in the study of cell growth and cell apoptosis, which was supported by fluorescent images analysis. The proposed protocol is simple, rapid, inexpensive and universally targetable for tumors, offering a novel platform for the development of an ECL biosensor for cell detection.
Designer laying hen diets to improve egg fatty acid profile and maintain sensory quality
Authors: Goldberg Erin M. , Ryland Donna , Gibson Robert A. , Aliani Michel , House James D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of eggs is highly reflective of the diet of the laying hen; therefore, nutritionally important fatty acids can be increased in eggs in order to benefit human health. To explore the factors affecting the hen's metabolism and deposition of fatty acids of interest, the current research was divided into two studies. In Study 1, the fatty acid profile of eggs from Bovan White hens fed either 8%, 14%, 20%, or 28% of the omega‐6 fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA) (expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids), and an additional treatment of 14% LA containing double the amount of saturated fat (SFA) was determined. Omega‐6 fatty acids and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in the yolk were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and oleic acid (OA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were significantly decreased with an increasing dietary LA content. In Study 2, the fatty acid and sensory profiles were determined in eggs from Shaver White hens fed either (1) 15% or 30% of the omega‐3 fatty acid, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) (of total fatty acids), and (2) low (0.5), medium (1), or high (2) ratios of SFA: LA+OA. Increasing this ratio resulted in marked increases in lauric acid, ALA, EPA, DPA, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with decreases in LA and arachidonic acid. Increasing the dietary ALA content from 15% to 30% (of total fatty acids) did not overcome the DHA plateau observed in the yolk. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) in aroma or flavor between cooked eggs from the different dietary treatments were observed among trained panelists (n = 8). The results showed that increasing the ratio of SFA: LA+OA in layer diets has a more favorable effect on the yolk fatty acid profile compared to altering the LA content at the expense of OA, all while maintaining sensory quality.
Multiple clock drawing scoring systems: simpler is better
Authors: Mainland Brian J. , Amodeo Sean , Shulman Kenneth I. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveThe clock drawing test (CDT) is a widely used cognitive screening tool that has been well accepted among clinicians and patients for its ease of use and short administration time. Although there is ample interest in the CDT as a screening instrument, there remains a range of CDT administration and scoring systems with no consensus on which system produces the most valid results while remaining user friendly. The aims of this review are to synthesize the available evidence on CDT scoring systems' effectiveness and to recommend which system is best suited for use at the clinical frontlines.DesignA Pubmed literature search was carried out from 2000 to 2013 including manual cross‐referencing of bibliographies in order to capture studies published after Shulman's comprehensive review published in 2000. A brief summary of all original scoring systems is included, as well as a review of relevant comparative studies.ResultsThe consensus from multiple comparison studies suggests that increasing the complexity of CDT scoring systems does little to enhance the test's ability to identify significant cognitive impairment. Moreover, increased complexity in scoring adds to the administration time, thereby reducing the test's utility in clinical settings.ConclusionsIn comparing scoring systems, no system emerged as consistently superior in terms of predictive validity. The authors conclude that when scoring the CDT as a screening instrument in a primary/general medicine/community setting, simpler is better, and perhaps qualitative assessment of “normal” versus “abnormal” may be sufficient for screening purposes and the establishment of a baseline for follow‐up. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors and timing of recovery in patients with immediate facial nerve dysfunction after parotidectomy
Authors: Tung Bau‐Kuei , Chu Pen‐Yuan , Tai Shyh‐Kuan , Wang Yi‐Fen , Tsai Tung‐Lung , Lee Tsung‐Lun , Hsu Yen‐Bin 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundIdentification of predictors for permanent facial nerve dysfunction and timing of recovery are important for the management of patients who experience immediate facial nerve dysfunction after parotidectomy.MethodsIn this 6‐year retrospective cohort study, 54 such patients were analyzed to determine the associated prognostic factors and timing of recovery.ResultsAll 54 patients with immediate postparotidectomy facial nerve dysfunction experienced weakness of the marginal mandibular branch; 7% had coexisting zygomatic branch dysfunction. Forty‐five patients (83%) achieved complete recovery. The cumulative rates of recovery at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postparotidectomy were 31%, 70%, 81%, and 83%, respectively. Immediate postparotidectomy facial nerve dysfunction higher than House–Brackmann (H–B) grade III was the only poor prognostic factor (odds ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–35.4). Advanced age, malignant tumor, larger tumor size, and postoperative steroids did not exert significant effect on the recovery of facial nerve dysfunction.ConclusionImmediate postparotidectomy facial nerve dysfunction greater than H–B grade III was a significant predictor of permanent dysfunction. Only 2% of patients achieved any improvement beyond 6 months postoperatively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 247–251, 2014
Oncologic outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery for radiorecurrent laryngeal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of English‐language literature
Authors: Ramakrishnan Yujay , Drinnan Mike , Kwong Foon Ng Kee , Grant David G. , Mehanna Hisham , Jones Terry , Paleri Vinidh 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the oncological and functional outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in radiorecurrent laryngeal cancer.MethodsThe review was performed using search strategies including Medline, Embase, Zetoc, conference proceedings, and a manual search. Pooled estimates of local control at 24 months, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated.ResultsThe pooled mean estimates were: local control rate at 24 months after first TLM (n = 249), 56.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.4–66.1); local control after repeat TLM (n = 186), 63.8% (95% CI, 57.1–70.2); DFS (n = 174), 70.9% (95% CI, 60.8–80); and OS (n = 276), 74.8% (95% CI, 68.2–80.9). Pooled mean laryngeal preservation (n = 286) was 72.3% (95% CI, 68.4–76.1).ConclusionTLM is oncologically sound in the salvage setting with high larynx‐preservation rate, but there is a trend toward inferior local control rates compared to open partial laryngectomy techniques. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 280–285, 2014
Predictors of postoperative complications and survival in patients with major salivary glands malignancies: A study highlighting the influence of age
Authors: Peters Thomas T. A. , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. , Plaat Boudewijn E. C. , Wedman Jan , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Halmos Gyorgy B. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to reveal prognostic factors for surgical complications and survival in young and elderly patients with malignant salivary gland tumors.MethodsRetrospective analysis of surgically treated patients with malignant major salivary gland tumors was performed. Of the 111 patients, 33 patients were 70 years or older and 78 patients were under 70. Comorbidity was recorded using the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 index and complications using the Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsComorbidity and complications were significantly more frequent in elderly patients (p < .05). Age, comorbidity, and length of surgery were not significant independent predictors of complications. Stage was the only independent predictive factor for postoperative complications and disease‐specific survival.ConclusionBased on this retrospective analysis reviewing surgically treated patients, age alone should not be a reason to treat elderly patients differently, as it was not a predictor of either complications or disease‐specific survival. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 369–374, 2014
Dose‐dependent effect of mitomycin C on human vocal fold fibroblasts
Authors: Li Nicole Y. K. , Chen Fei , Dikkers Frederik G. , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and antifibrotic effects of mitomycin C on normal and scarred human vocal fold fibroblasts.MethodsFibroblasts were subjected to mitomycin C treatment at 0.2, 0.5, or 1 mg/mL, or serum control. Cytotoxicity, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot for collagen I/III were performed at days 0, 1, 3, and 5.ResultsSignificant decreases in live cells were measured for mitomycin C‐treated cells on days 3 and 5 for all doses. Extracellular staining of collagen I/III was observed in mitomycin C‐treated cells across all doses and times. Extracellular staining suggests apoptosis with necrosis, compromising the integrity of cell membranes and release of cytosolic proteins into the extracellular environment. Western blot indicates inhibition of collagen at all doses except 0.2 mg/mL at day 1.ConclusionA total of 0.2 mg/mL mitomycin C may provide initial and transient stimulation of collagen for necessary repair to damaged tissue without the long‐term risk of fibrosis. Head Neck 36: 401–410, 2014
Gross examination by the surgeon as an alternative to frozen section for assessment of adequacy of surgical margin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chaturvedi Pankaj , Datta Sourav , Nair Sudhir , Nair Deepa , Pawar Prashant , Vaishampayan Sagar , Patil Asawari , Kane Shubhada 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe cost‐effectiveness of the frozen section for assessment of margin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still contentious. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gross examination of margin is an alternative to frozen section.MethodsIt was a prospective observational study in 145 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for HNSCC. Surgical margins were first assessed by the surgeons with a metallic scale. All specimens were then examined using frozen section and permanent section.ResultsOverall, 83% of inadequate margins were detected by frozen section. The chances of inadequate margin were very low if gross surgical margin were 7 mm or more. Gross examination alone (with 7 mm as cutoff) predicted 88% of the inadequate surgical margin. There was no difference in precision of frozen section vis‐à‐vis gross examination with 7 mm cut off (p ≤ .8).ConclusionAchievement of 7 mm surgical margin measured by a surgeon obviates the need for frozen section. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 557–563, 2014
Next steps in the development of ecological soil clean-up values for metals
Authors: Wentsel Randall , Fairbrother Anne 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This special series in Integrated Environmental Assessment Management presents the results from 6 workgroups that were formed at the workshop on Ecological Soil Levels—Next Steps in the Development of Metal Clean-Up Values (17–21 September 2012, Sundance, Utah). This introductory article presents an overview of the issues assessors face when conducting risk assessments for metals in soils, key US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) documents on metals risk assessment, and discusses the importance of leveraging from recent major terrestrial research projects, primarily to address Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances (REACH) requirements in Europe, that have significantly advanced our understanding of the behavior and toxicity of metals in soils. These projects developed large data sets that are useful for the risk assessment of metals in soil environments. The workshop attendees met to work toward developing a process for establishing ecological soil clean-up values (Eco-SCVs). The goal of the workshop was to progress from ecological soil screening values (Eco-SSLs) to final clean-up values by providing regulators with the methods and processes to incorporate bioavailability, normalize toxicity thresholds, address food-web issues, and incorporate background concentrations. The REACH data sets were used by workshop participants as case studies in the development of the ecological standards for soils. The workshop attendees discussed scientific advancements in bioavailability, soil biota and wildlife case studies, soil processes, and food-chain modeling. In addition, one of the workgroups discussed the processes needed to frame the topics to gain regulatory acceptance as a directive or guidance by Canada, the USEPA, or the United States. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:342–345. © 2013 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Published by SETAC
Key Points
World expert workshop attendees on metals risk assessment issues met to work toward developing a process for establishing ecological soil clean-up values (Eco-SCVs) for metals. The goal of the workshop was to progress from ecological soil screening values (Eco-SSLs) to final clean-up values by providing regulators with methods and processes to incorporate bioavailability, normalize toxicity thresholds, address food-web issues, and incorporate background concentrations. The REACH data sets were used by workshop participants as case studies in the development of ecological standards for metals in soils. The special series publications are compilations of state-of-the-art information and provide usable recommendations on metal bioavailability, soil processes, food-chain modeling, and the procedures needed to frame the topics to gain regulatory acceptance of soil biota and wildlife clean-up values.
Monomethylated trivalent arsenic species disrupt steroid receptor interactions with their DNA response elements at non‐cytotoxic cellular concentrations
Authors: Gosse Julie A. , Taylor Vivien F. , Jackson Brian P. , Hamilton Joshua W. , Bodwell Jack E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTArsenic (As) is considered a top environmental chemical of human health because it has been linked to adverse health effects including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive and developmental problems. In several cell culture and animal models, As acts as an endocrine disruptor, which may underlie many of its health effects. Previous work showed that steroid receptor (SR)‐driven gene expression is disrupted in cells treated with inorganic As (arsenite, iAs+3). In those studies, low iAs+3 concentrations (0.1–0.7 μM) stimulated hormone‐inducible transcription, whereas somewhat higher but still non‐cytotoxic levels (1–3 μM) inhibited transcription. This investigation focuses on the mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects and evaluates the role of methylated trivalent As metabolites on SR function. Recent evidence suggests that, compared with iAs, methylated forms may have distinct biochemical effects. Here, fluorescence polarization (FP) experiments utilizing purified, hormone‐bound human glucocorticoid (GR) and progesterone receptor (PR) have demonstrated that neither inorganic (iAs+3) nor dimethylated (DMA+3) species of trivalent As affect receptor interactions with glucocorticoid DNA response elements (GREs). However, monomethylated forms (monomethylarsenite, MMA+3 and monomethylarsonic diglutathione, MADG) strongly inhibit GR‐GRE and PR‐GRE binding. Additionally, speciation studies of iAs+3‐treated H4IIE rat hepatoma cells show that, under treatment conditions that cause inhibition of hormone‐inducible gene transcription, the intracellular concentration of MADG is sufficient to inhibit GR‐GRE and PR‐GRE interactions in vivo. These results indicate that arsenic's inhibitory endocrine disruption effects are probably caused in part by methylated metabolites' disruption of SR ability to bind DNA response elements that are crucial to hormone‐driven gene transcription. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of cellular activity at protein adsorbed biointerfaces with nano‐ to microscale dimensionality
Authors: Nune C. , Misra R. D. K. , Somani M. C. , Karjalainen L. P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractProtein adsorption is one of the first‐few events that occur when a biomedical device comes in contact with the physiological system. The adsorption process is subsequently followed by communication with cells and formation of tissue. Given the strong interest in nanostructured surfaces, we describe here the impact of grain structure from nanograined (NG) regime to coarse‐grained (CG) regime on the self‐assembly of proteins (bovine serum albumin) and consequent functional response of osteoblasts. The objective is accomplished using the innovative concept of “phase reversion” that enables a wide range of grain size (from NG to CG regime) to be obtained using an identical set of parameters, besides additional attributes of high strength/weight ratio and wear resistance. Depending on the grain structure a consistent and significant change in the adsorption characteristics of protein was observed at biointerface, such that the cell density was statistically different. The high surface coverage and leaf‐like conformation of adsorbed protein on NG surface as compared to bare branch‐like structure with low surface coverage on the CG surface, was beneficial in favorably modulating cellular activity (osteoblast functions: cell attachment, proliferation, actin, vinculin, and fibronectin expression). This is the first report that elucidates the impact of grain structure from NG to CG regime on cellular activity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1663–1676, 2014.
Heterogeneous photo‐Fenton oxidation of Acid Orange II over iron–sewage sludge derived carbon under visible irradiation
Authors: Tu Yuting , Xiong Ya , Descorme Claude , Kong Lingjun , Tian Shuanghong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe disposal of sewage sludge has become an issue of particular concern due to its continuously increasing quantity. In this study, sewage sludge derived carbon (SC) was employed as support for iron‐oxide‐containing catalyst (FeSC). The catalysts were characterized in terms of inorganic elemental composition, XRD, SEM and TGA‐FTIR. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was evaluated from the discoloration and mineralization of acid orange II (AOII) in the presence of H2O2 and visible light.RESULTSThe FeSC catalyst pyrolyzed at 800oC for 2 h displayed the highest catalytic activity. Almost complete discoloration and 67% mineralization of 100 mg L–1 AOII were achieved after 30 min adsorption and 60 min oxidation under visible light irradiation, using 1.5 g L–1 catalyst, 15.0 mmol L–1 H2O2 and initial pH 4.0. The prepared FeSC also exhibited very limited iron leaching (0.56 mg L–1 after 90 min reaction) and high stability since the activity remained constant over ten consecutive runs.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated the high activity and stability of the sewage sludge‐derived carbon‐supported iron oxide catalyst in photo‐Fenton‐like reaction. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling Birkeland currents in the expanding/contracting polar cap paradigm
Authors: Milan S. E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present a simple mathematical model of the region 1 and 2 Birkeland current system intensities for differing dayside and nightside magnetic reconnection rates, consistent with the expanding/contracting polar cap paradigm of solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. The current intensities are shown to be dependent on the cross‐polar cap potential, which is the average of the dayside and nightside reconnection rates. Current intensities are expected to maximize on the dayside or the nightside when magnetopause or magnetotail reconnection dominates. Current intensities are also dependent on the ionospheric conductance, the width of the merging gaps, the width of the ionospheric convection return flow region, and on the size of the polar cap.