bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of muscle forces in humans with and without temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Iwasaki L. R. , Liu H. , Gonzalez Y. M. , Marx D. B. , Nickel J. C. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesSubjects with/without temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) were tested for differences in muscle forces.Setting and Sample PopulationSchool of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo. Ninety‐one subjects were classified in four groups based on the presence/absence (±) of chronic myofascial and/or TMJ pain (P) and bilateral disc displacement (DD).Material and MethodsValidated numerical models employed an organizational objective and subjects' anatomy to calculate masticatory muscle forces during static biting. anova and Holm's step‐down procedure post hoc tests assessed group differences. Theoretical geometries, representing the range of subjects' muscle orientations, were surveyed via numerical models to identify key combinations resulting in high muscle forces. Effect size (Cohen's d) and anova/post hoc tests assessed group differences in key muscle orientations.Results+P−DD subjects had significantly higher muscle forces, especially for lateral pterygoid muscles, compared to the other groups (p < 0.01) for bite forces that were directed posteromedially or posterolaterally on mandibular molars and posteriorly and slightly medially on mandibular incisors. Key muscle orientations for peak lateral pterygoid muscle forces were identified, and group comparisons showed mean orientation in +P−DD compared to other diagnostic groups was ≥5° more upright for masseter and ≥3° more posteriorly directed for temporalis muscles (all Cohen's d ≥ 0.8).ConclusionPredicted lateral pterygoid muscle forces were significantly higher in +P−DD compared to other groups for specific biting conditions and were attributable, in part, to differences in masseter and temporalis muscle orientations.
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis assisted by cell‐based tissue engineering: a systematic review
Authors: Tee B. C. , Sun Z. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo review the advances and limitations of recent investigations on mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) assisted by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation.Materials and MethodsFollowing the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases were systematically searched and screened from their inception through August 2014. Searching terms included the following: ‘distraction osteogenesis’, ‘mandible OR mandibular OR jaw’, and ‘cells’, without any other limitations.ResultsNineteen studies meeting the eligibility criteria were selected from 227 published articles and used for qualitative synthesis. Fifteen of the studies used small animal models (rats or rabbits), while the other four used large animal models (dogs, pigs or sheep). Among these studies, large variations exist in MDO protocol, cell transplantation time, route and quantity, as well as methodology of outcome assessment. Additionally, all studies had certain biases. Nevertheless, the majority of studies found that MSC transplantation enhanced MDO bone regeneration.ConclusionEvidence from animal studies indicates that MDO may be enhanced by mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, but many questions related to animal models, MDO protocols, and cell transplantation remain to be investigated.
Saturation of the biological response to orthodontic forces and its effect on the rate of tooth movement
Authors: Alikhani M. , Alyami B. , Lee I. S. , Almoammar S. , Vongthongleur T. , Alikhani M. , Alansari S. , Sangsuwon C. , Chou M. Y. , Khoo E. , Boskey A. , Teixeira C. C. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesInvestigate the expression and activity of inflammatory markers in response to different magnitudes of orthodontic forces and correlate this response with other molecular and cellular events during orthodontic tooth movement.Setting and Sample PopulationCTOR Laboratory; 245 Sprague Dawley male rats.Methods and MaterialsControl, sham, and 5 different experimental groups received different magnitudes of force on the right maxillary first molar using a coil spring. In the sham group, the spring was not activated. Control group did not receive any appliance. At days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28, the maxillae were collected for RNA and protein analysis, immunohistochemistry, and micro‐CT.ResultsThere was a linear relation between the force and the level of cytokine expression at lower magnitudes of force. Higher magnitudes of force did not increase the expression of cytokines. Activity of CCL2, CCL5, IL‐1, TNF‐α, RANKL, and number of osteoclasts reached a saturation point in response to higher magnitudes of force, with unchanged rate of tooth movement.ConclusionAfter a certain magnitude of force, there is a saturation in the biological response, and higher forces do not increase inflammatory markers, osteoclasts, nor the amount of tooth movement. Therefore, higher forces to accelerate the rate of tooth movement are not justified.
Pelagic neonatal fossils support viviparity and precocial life history of Cretaceous mosasaurs
Authors: Field Daniel J. , LeBlanc Aaron , Gau Adrienne , Behlke Adam D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMosasaurs were large marine squamates that inhabited all of the world's oceans during the Late Cretaceous. Their success as apex predators has been attributed to their rapid acquisition of aquatic adaptations, which allowed them to become fully pelagic. However, little is known about the breeding biology of derived, flipper‐bearing mosasaurs, as the record of neonatal mosasaur fossils is extremely sparse. Here, we report on the fragmentary cranial remains of two neonatal mosasaurs from the Niobrara Formation, referred to Clidastes sp. Comparison with other preliminary reports of neonatal mosasaurs reveals that these specimens are among the smallest individuals ever found and certainly represent the smallest known Clidastes specimens. The recovery of these extremely young specimens from a pelagic setting indicates that even neonatal mosasaurs occupied open oceanic habitats and were likely born in this setting. These data shed new light on the ecology of neonatal mosasaurs and illustrate the degree to which size‐related taphonomic and collection biases have influenced our understanding of the early life history of these iconic marine reptiles.
Neuropathic Pain Components in Patients with Cancer: Prevalence, Treatment, and Interference with Daily Activities
Authors: Oosterling Anne , te Boveldt Nienke , Verhagen Constans , van der Graaf Winette T. , Van Ham Maaike , Van der Drift Miep , Vissers Kris , Engels Yvonne 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundPain and neuropathic symptoms impact quality of life of patients with cancer. To obtain more insight in the prevalence, severity, and treatment of neuropathic symptoms in patients with cancer and their interference with daily activities, we conducted a cross‐sectional study at the outpatient clinic of a Dutch university hospital.MethodsA cross‐sectional study among outpatients with cancer. To identify pain, its intensity, quality, and interference with daily activities, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was used. Neuropathic symptoms were identified with the Douleur Neuropathique (DN4) interview and pain characteristics with the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Pain medication and adjuvant analgesics were also collected with a prestructured questionnaire. Descriptives, chi‐squared tests, t‐tests, and a logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results892 patients completed the questionnaires. Twenty‐three percent (n = 204) reported moderate to severe pain, and 19% (n = 170) scored positive on neuropathic symptoms (DN4 ≥ 3). Particularly in patients with a rating on a numeric rating scale (NRS) < 5, existence of neuropathic symptoms significantly increased interference with daily activities. Of patients with neuropathic symptoms, 8% received adjuvant pain treatment. Receiving curative treatment, using a systemic drug with neurotoxicity, having had an operation, and having had a lymph node dissection independently contributed to having neuropathic symptoms.ConclusionsThis study shows that over 40% of the patients with moderate to severe pain also have neuropathic symptoms, causing increased interference with daily activities. Most of these patients do not receive adjuvant analgesics. There is a need to improve management of neuropathic symptoms in patients with cancer.
Pain and Personality: Do Individuals with Different Forms of Chronic Pain Exhibit a Mutual Personality?
Authors: Gustin Sylvia M. , Burke Lucinda A. , Peck Chris C. , Murray Greg M. , Henderson Luke A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe role of personality in the experience of chronic pain is a growing field, with endless debate regarding the existence of a “pain personality”. This study aims to compare different chronic pain types and consolidate the existence of a common personality. Thirty‐two females with chronic orofacial pain and 37 age‐matched healthy females were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory‐Revised. Chronic pain subjects had either trigeminal neuropathy (neuropathic pain) or temporomandibular disorders (nociceptive pain). This study revealed that individuals with different chronic pain types exhibit a mutual personality profile encompassing significantly higher scores in Harm Avoidance and significantly lower scores in Self‐Directedness when compared to healthy subjects. In fact, this combination is associated with Cluster C personality disorders. In conclusion, our study reveals that irrespective of type, chronic pain may be associated with Cluster C personality disorders. Indeed, there has never been empirical evidence in the past to suggest that chronic pain as an overall concept is associated with any particular personality disorders. Therefore, a potential future avenue of chronic pain treatment may lie in targeting particular personality aspects and shift the target of pain‐relieving treatments from sensory and psychologically state focused to psychologically trait focused.
A SNP‐based consensus genetic map for synteny‐based trait targeting in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Webb Anne , Cottage Amanda , Wood Thomas , Khamassi Khalil , Hobbs Douglas , Gostkiewicz Krystyna , White Mark , Khazaei Hamid , Ali Mohamed , Street Daniel , Duc Gérard , Stoddard Fred L. , Maalouf Fouad , Ogbonnaya Francis C. , Link Wolfgang , Thomas Jane , O'Sullivan Donal M 
Published: April 2015

SummaryFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a globally important nitrogen‐fixing legume, which is widely grown in a diverse range of environments. In this work, we mine and validate a set of 845 SNPs from the aligned transcriptomes of two contrasting inbred lines. Each V. faba SNP is assigned by BLAST analysis to a single Medicago orthologue. This set of syntenically anchored polymorphisms were then validated as individual KASP assays, classified according to their informativeness and performance on a panel of 37 inbred lines, and the best performing 757 markers used to genotype six mapping populations. The six resulting linkage maps were merged into a single consensus map on which 687 SNPs were placed on six linkage groups, each presumed to correspond to one of the six V. faba chromosomes. This sequence‐based consensus map was used to explore synteny with the most closely related crop species, lentil and the most closely related fully sequenced genome, Medicago. Large tracts of uninterrupted colinearity were found between faba bean and Medicago, making it relatively straightforward to predict gene content and order in mapped genetic interval. As a demonstration of this, we mapped a flower colour gene to a 2‐cM interval of Vf chromosome 2 which was highly colinear with Mt3. The obvious candidate gene from 78 gene models in the collinear Medicago chromosome segment was the previously characterized MtWD40‐1 gene controlling anthocyanin production in Medicago and resequencing of the Vf orthologue showed a putative causative deletion of the entire 5′ end of the gene.
Co‐expression of NCED and ALO improves vitamin C level and tolerance to drought and chilling in transgenic tobacco and stylo plants
Authors: Bao Gegen , Zhuo Chunliu , Qian Chunmei , Xiao Ting , Guo Zhenfei , Lu Shaoyun 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAbscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant adaptive responses to various environmental stresses, while l‐ascorbic acid (AsA) that is also named vitamin C is an important antioxidant and involves in plant stress tolerance and the immune system in domestic animals. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and stylo [Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Swartz], a forage legume, plants co‐expressing stylo 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (SgNCED1) and yeast d‐arabinono‐1,4‐lactone oxidase (ALO) genes were generated in this study, and tolerance to drought and chilling was analysed in comparison with transgenic tobacco overexpressing SgNCED1 or ALO and the wild‐type plants. Compared to the SgNCED1 or ALO transgenic plants, in which only ABA or AsA levels were increased, both ABA and AsA levels were increased in transgenic tobacco and stylo plants co‐expressing SgNCED1 and ALO genes. Compared to the wild type, an enhanced drought tolerance was observed in SgNCED1 transgenic tobacco plants with induced expression of drought‐responsive genes, but not in ALO plants, while an enhanced chilling tolerance was observed in ALO transgenic tobaccos with induced expression of cold‐responsive genes, but not in SgNCED1 plants. Co‐expression of SgNCED1 and ALO genes resulted in elevated tolerance to both drought and chilling in transgenic tobacco and stylo plants with induced expression of both drought and cold‐responsive genes. Our result suggests that co‐expression of SgNCED1 and ALO genes is an effective way for use in forage plant improvement for increased tolerance to drought and chilling and nutrition quality.
What's So Egalitarian About Luck Egalitarianism?
Authors: Segall Shlomi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLuck egalitarians typically hold that it is bad for some to be worse off than others through no fault or choice of their own. In this paper I want to address two complaints against standard luck egalitarianism that do not question responsibility‐sensitivity (or ‘luck‐ism’). The first objection says that equality itself lacks inherent non‐instrumental value, and so the luckist component ought to be attached to a different pattern, say prioritarianism (thus producing ‘luck‐prioritarianism’). The second objection also endorses luckism but worries that luck egalitarianism as conventionally formulated is committed in fact to neutralizing not just brute luck but also option luck. And this would mean, among other things, compensating unsuccessful gamblers, which is something many egalitarians find counterintuitive. My aim is to show that there is a way for luck egalitarianism to meet both criticisms; that it can maintain its egalitarian credentials while avoiding the counterintuitive consequences of compensating unsuccessful gamblers. To do so, I propose, we ought to understand luck egalitarianism as resting on the disvalue of being arbitrarily worse off compared to others. In addition, I suggest, the badness of luck egalitarian inequality – that of arbitrary disadvantage – has both an inter‐personal and an intra‐personal dimension.
Overlapping Functions between
SWR1
Deletion and H3K56 Acetylation in Candida albicans
Authors: Guan Zhiyun , Liu Haoping 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Nucleosome destabilization by histone variants and modifications has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, with the histone variant H2A.Z and acetylation of H3K56 (H3K56ac) being two examples. Here we find that deletion of
SWR1
, the major subunit of the SWR1 complex depositing H2A.Z into chromatin in exchange for H2A, promotes epigenetic white-opaque switching in
Candida albicans
. We demonstrate through nucleosome mapping that SWR1 is required for proper nucleosome positioning on the promoter of
WOR1
, the master regulator of switching, and that its effects differ in white and opaque cells. Furthermore, we find that H2A.Z is enriched adjacent to nucleosome-free regions at the
WOR1
promoter in white cells, suggesting a role in the stabilization of a repressive chromatin state. Deletion of
YNG2
, a subunit of the NuA4 H4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that targets SWR1 activity through histone acetylation, produces a switching phenotype similar to that of
swr1
, and both may act downstream of the GlcNAc signaling pathway. We further uncovered a genetic interaction between
swr1
and elevated H3K56ac with the discovery that the
swr1
deletion mutant is highly sensitive to nicotinamide. Our results suggest that the interaction of H2A.Z and H3K56ac regulates epigenetic switching at the nucleosome level, as well as having global effects.
Clinical prediction of incident heart failure risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Hong , Negishi Kazuaki , Otahal Petr , Marwick Thomas H 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundEarly treatment may alter progression to overt heart failure (HF) in asymptomatic individuals with stage B HF (SBHF). However, the identification of patients with SBHF is difficult. This systematic review sought to examine the strength of association of clinical factors with incident HF, with the intention of facilitating selection for HF screening.MethodsElectronic databases were systematically searched for studies reporting risk factors for incident HF. Effect sizes, typically HRs, of each risk variable were extracted. Pooled crude and adjusted HRs with 95% CIs were computed for each risk variable using a random-effects model weighted by inverse variance.ResultsTwenty-seven clinical factors were identified to be associated with risk of incident HF in 15 observational studies in unselected community populations which followed 456 850 participants over 4–29 years. The strongest independent associations for incident HF were coronary artery disease (HR=2.94; 95% CI 1.36 to 6.33), diabetes mellitus (HR=2.00; 95% CI 1.68 to 2.38), age (HR (per 10 years)=1.80; 95% CI 1.13 to 2.87) followed by hypertension (HR=1.61; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.96), smoking (HR=1.60; 95% CI 1.45 to 1.77), male gender (HR=1.52; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.87) and body mass index (HR (per 5 kg/m2)=1.15; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.25). Atrial fibrillation (HR=1.88; 95% CI 1.60 to 2.21), left ventricular hypertrophy (HR=2.46; 95% CI 1.71 to 3.53) and valvular heart disease (HR=1.74; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.84) were also strongly associated with incident HF but were not examined in sufficient papers to provide pooled hazard estimates.ConclusionsPrediction of incident HF can be calculated from seven common clinical variables. The risk associated with these may guide strategies for the identification of high-risk people who may benefit from further evaluation and intervention.
A transformação da paisagem, desenho e forma urbana: o PEU das Vargens e as questões iniciais
Authors: Cardeman Rogério Coldfeld 
Published: April 2015

<p>Este artigo tem como objetivo contextualizar, no âmbito da pesquisa de doutorado, o Projeto de Estruturação Urbana (PEU) da região conhecida como Vargens, na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Através do histórico da região e da análise do Plano Urbanístico Básico de 1977, levantam-se as primeiras questões sobre sua iminente aplicação, a partir de sua promulgação, em 2009, pelos agentes imobiliários atraídos pela proximidade com a área onde será implantada parte dos equipamentos olímpicos para os jogos de 2016. Discute-se também a influência na transformação do espaço urbano e no sistema de espaços livres da região.</p>
Sete novas cidades de Mato Grosso
Authors: Barcellos Vicente 
Published: April 2015

<p>O presente artigo tem como foco o estudo de sete novas cidades surgidas em Mato Grosso a partir da década de 1970 como resultado das políticas públicas de colonização promovidas durante o regime militar no arco de terras que envolve a Amazônia, e que acabou resultando no avanço da chamada fronteira agrícola, a qual, no final da década de 1990, se consolida com o desenvolvimento da moderna produção agrícola que se expande na Região Centro-Oeste. Se no início esses processos fizeram surgir inúmeros povoados que funcionavam como simples núcleos de apoio aos colonos que chegavam, mais tarde esses povoados se transformaram em dinâmicas cidades-sedes de novos municípios envolvidos no agronegócio. São consideradas no presente artigo as cidades de Sinop, Sorriso, Lucas do Rio Verde, Nova Mutum, Campo Novo do Parecis, Campo Verde e Primavera do Leste.</p>
Incremental Value of Left Atrial Structural and Functional Characteristics for Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Receiving Cardiac Pacing
Authors: Kosmala Wojciech , Saito Makoto , Kaye Gerry , Negishi Kazuaki , Linker Nick , Gammage Michael , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: April 2015

Background—
Better prediction of cardiac pacing patients at risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) would enable more effective prophylaxis. We sought whether left atrial (LA) electromechanical conduction time (EMT) and myocardial mechanics were associated with incident AF in patients undergoing dual chamber pacemaker implantation, independent of left atrial volume (LAV).

Methods and Results—

Clinical data were obtained prospectively in 146 enrollees (73±10 years) undergoing dual chamber pacemaker implantation in the Protect-Pace study. Echocardiograms and 2-dimensional strain analysis were obtained post implantation and at 2 years. Complete ascertainment of AF during follow-up was identified from interrogation of permanent pacemakers. Cox regression was used to identify correlates of AF. Incident AF (n=29, 20%) was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (
P
=0.01), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (
P
=0.03), lower LA strain at atrial contraction (LASac;
P
<0.001), higher LAV (
P
<0.003), and longer septal electromechanical conduction time (
P
<0.01). The associations of LAV and LASac with incident AF were independent of age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular size and function. However, the combination of the 3 strongest predictors showed LASac (
P
=0.02) and systolic blood pressure (
P
=0.01) were independently associated with incident AF, but LAV was not (
P
=0.07). Using the optimal cut points from receiver operator characteristic curves (62 mL for LAV and 8.6% for LASac), we demonstrated that a significantly greater rate of AF was associated with both lower LASac at higher LAV and with lower LASac at lower LAV.

Conclusions—
The risk of AF in patients receiving dual chamber pacing is independently associated with LA size and function, not left ventricular structural and functional characteristics or right ventricular lead location.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00461734.