bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale forest composition influences northern goshawk nesting in Wisconsin
Authors: Donner Deahn M. , Anderson Dean , Eklund Daniel , St. Pierre Matthew 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) is a woodland raptor that uses a variety of forest types for nesting across its breeding range, but strongly depends on older forests with large trees and open understories. Goshawks may select nesting locations by maximizing the convergence of nesting and foraging habitats. Insights into goshawk responses to heterogeneous landscapes can be gained by examining the location of active nest sites through time and at multiple spatial scales. We examined the landscape‐scale forest conditions that influenced the probability of active goshawk nests in the United States Forest Service, Chequamegon‐Nicolet National Forest (CNNF) in northern Wisconsin. We used goshawk nest survey and monitoring data from 1997 to 2006 to determine the probability of an active nest site over time in relation to forest composition and road density at 3 scales (200‐m, 500‐m, and 1,000‐m radii). Goshawk nests were located primarily in upland hardwood (64%), conifer (23%), and older aspen–birch (≥26 yrs old; 11%) habitat cover types. We used Bayesian temporal autoregressive models of nest locations across multiple spatial scales to analyze these data. The probability of active goshawk nest occurrence increased with increasing conifer cover (1,000 m) and decreased with increasing cover of older aspen–birch and density of primary roads (500 m). In addition, lesser proportions of older aspen–birch at intermediate scales around goshawk nests had a stronger effect on the probability of a nest being active than conifer and primary roads. Thus, the ratio of conifer cover (within 1,000 m) to older aspen–birch cover (within 500 m) in landscapes surrounding nest sites was the key driver in predicting the probability of an active nest site. This finding can be used by forest managers to help sustain the active status of a goshawk nesting area through time (i.e., annually), and foster goshawk nesting activity in areas where active nesting is not currently occurring. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Analysis of regional species distribution models based on radio‐telemetry datasets from multiple small‐scale studies
Authors: Rice Mindy B. , Apa Anthony D. , Phillips Michael L. , Gammonley James H. , Petch Bradford B. , Eichhoff Karin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe identification of core habitat areas and resulting prediction maps are vital tools for land managers. Often, agencies have large datasets from multiple studies over time that could be combined for a more informed and complete picture of a species. Colorado Parks and Wildlife has a large database for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) including 11 radio‐telemetry studies completed over 12 years (1997–2008) across northwestern Colorado. We divided the 49,470‐km2 study area into 1‐km2 grids with the number of sage‐grouse locations in each grid cell that contained at least 1 location counted as the response variable. We used a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) using land cover variables as fixed effects and individual birds and populations as random effects to predict greater sage‐grouse location counts during breeding, summer, and winter seasons. The mixed effects model enabled us to model correlations that may exist in grouped data (e.g., correlations among individuals and populations). We found only individual groupings accounted for variation in the summer and breeding seasons, but not the winter season. The breeding and summer seasonal models predicted sage‐grouse presence in the currently delineated populations for Colorado, but we found little evidence supporting a winter season model. According to our models, about 50% of the study area in Colorado is considered highly or moderately suitable habitat in both the breeding and summer seasons. As oil and gas development and other landscape changes occur in this portion of Colorado, knowledge of where management actions can be accomplished or possible restoration can occur becomes more critical. These seasonal models provide data‐driven, distribution maps that managers and biologists can use for identification and exploration when investigating greater sage‐grouse issues across the Colorado range. Using historic data for future decisions on species management while accounting for issues found from combining datasets allows land managers the flexibility to use all information available. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Relationships between grazing and waterfowl production in the Canadian prairies
Authors: Bloom Pauline M. , Howerter David W. , Emery Robert B. , Armstrong Llwellyn M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe survival of waterfowl nests is positively correlated with the amount of grassland on the landscape, and population growth rates of some waterfowl species (e.g., mallards [Anas platyrhynchos]) are sensitive to nest survival rates. Thus, the effect of actions that alter grassland vegetation physiognomy, such as grazing, on waterfowl production is of interest to waterfowl habitat managers. Additionally, grasslands contribute other ecological goods (e.g., forage for livestock and wildlife) and services (e.g., photosynthesis, carbon sequestration), which can be influenced by grazing practices. We address key uncertainties about the linkages between grazing, vegetation physiognomy, and the survival and density of duck nests at study‐site, field, and nest‐site spatial scales. Using data from 2,554 duck nests found in 434 grazed or idled fields (median field size = 48.0 ha) in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region between 2002 and 2009, we found that vegetation physiognomy affected nest survival at both the field and nest‐site scales, such that nest survival increased with nest‐site vegetation density and late‐season field vegetation density. Nest survival also responded to early‐season within‐field variation in vegetation height in a quadratic manner, such that survival was greatest in fields with moderate variation in vegetation height. Nest survival was negatively related to the intensity of grazing and to the amount of cropland in the surrounding landscape. Both the abundance of wetlands and the average vegetation height in the field had a positive influence on nest density. Fields idled during the breeding season had greater densities of nests than fields grazed either early or late in the breeding season. Leaving lands idled may be the most effective way to increase both waterfowl nest survival and nest density. When management of upland vegetation is required, we recommend grazing at moderate stocking rates (between 2 and 2.5 animal unit months [AUM]/ha) after the waterfowl breeding season is complete and monitoring vegetative characteristics to ensure they remain suitable to attract nesting waterfowl (e.g., leaving vegetation height >28 cm). Where grazing must be carried out during the breeding season, low to moderate stocking rates should be encouraged as these rates appear to have the least negative impact on both waterfowl nest survival and nest density. These stocking rates also will maintain rangeland in good condition to the long‐term benefit of producers. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
The global regulator Crc plays a multifaceted role in modulation of type III secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Dong Yi‐Hu , Zhang Xi‐Fen , Zhang Lian‐Hui 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells that subvert normal host cell functions to the benefit of the pathogen, and results in serious infections. T3SS in P. aeruginosa is controlled by a complex system of regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways. In this study, we described that Crc, an RNA‐binding protein, exerts a positive impact on T3SS in P. aeruginosa, as evidenced by promoter activity assays of several key T3SS genes, transcriptomics, RT‐PCR, and immunoblotting in crc mutant. We further demonstrated that the regulatory function of Crc on the T3SS was mediated through the T3SS master regulator ExsA and linked to the Cbr/Crc signaling system. Expression profiling of the crc mutant revealed a downregulation of flagship T3SS genes as well as 16 other genes known to regulate T3SS gene expression in P. aeruginosa. On the basis of these data, we proposed that Crc may exert multifaceted control on the T3SS through various pathways, which may serve to fine‐tune this virulence mechanism in response to environmental changes and nutrient sources.
A two‐grid characteristic finite volume element method for semilinear advection‐dominated diffusion equations
Authors: Chen Chuanjun , Liu Wei , Bi Chunjia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA two‐grid finite volume element method, combined with the modified method of characteristics, is presented and analyzed for semilinear time‐dependent advection‐dominated diffusion equations in two space dimensions. The solution of a nonlinear system on the fine‐grid space (with grid size h) is reduced to the solution of two small (one linear and one nonlinear) systems on the coarse‐grid space (with grid size H) and a linear system on the fine‐grid space. An optimal error estimate in H1 ‐norm is obtained for the two‐grid method. It shows that the two‐grid method achieves asymptotically optimal approximation, as long as the mesh sizes satisfy h = O(H2). Numerical example is presented to validate the usefulness and efficiency of the method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
The effect of hereditary versus acquired thrombophilia on triple test Down's syndrome screening
Authors: Frank Maya , Maymon Ron , Wiener Yifat , Neeman Ortal , Kurzweil Yaffa , Bar Jacob 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the profile of mid gestation triple test serum markers between a cohort of women with history of pregnancy complications with hereditary versus acquired thrombophilia. All were treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prior to 12 weeks' gestation.MethodsA retrospective analysis of second trimester maternal serum screening results for Down syndrome was performed comparing women with inherited versus acquired thrombophilia, all treated with LMWH. The test results were calculated from the combination of triple serum markers and maternal age, and expressed as a multiple of the gestation normal medians (MoM). Results in the study groups were compared with MoM values calculated from our local population (controls).ResultsThe median human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level was higher only in the acquired thrombophilia group (N = 47) as compared with the control group (1.3 vs. 0.99 MoM, P = 0.005), and not different between the hereditary thrombophilia group (N = 60) (1.1 MoM) and the control group. Alpha‐fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol MoMs did not differ between women with inherited (0.95, 0.97), acquired thrombophilia (0.99, 0.90), and controls (1.01, 0.98), respectively.ConclusionIn the interpretation of second trimester maternal serum screening, consideration should be given to the higher hCG maternal serum levels that may occur in women with acquired thrombophilia, even those treated early in pregnancy with LMWH. The higher hCG serum levels may signal the possibility of placental dysfunction, rather than fetal aneuploidy © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground Thermal Regime and Permafrost Distribution under a Changing Climate in Northern Norway
Authors: Farbrot Herman , Isaksen Ketil , Etzelmüller Bernd , Gisnås Kjersti 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSince 2002, ground and ground surface temperatures have been systematically measured in the mountains of Troms and Finnmark, northern Norway. These data were used to calibrate and validate a transient heat flow model and a spatial permafrost model, to address ground thermal development since the end of the Little Ice Age, as well as possible permafrost responses to anticipated future climate changes. Approximately 20 per cent of the land area is underlain by permafrost, and in Finnmark, permafrost in palsa mires seems to dominate. Both observations and modelling show that the present permafrost is mainly ‘warm’, with mean ground temperatures above ‐3 °C. Permafrost has warmed during the last century, and at one site our ground temperature observations show the degradation of permafrost over the intervening decade. The study identifies three major permafrost regions in northern Norway: (1) maritime mountain permafrost in western Troms; (2) continental permafrost above the treeline and in bogs in Finnmark; and (3) Low Arctic permafrost on the peninsula of Varangerhalvøya, forming a transition between the Scandinavian mountain‐dominated permafrost in the south and the arctic permafrost towards the north and east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation transformation of the oxygen‐containing impurity in LiF crystals doped with different polyvalent cations
Authors: Dauletbekova Alma , Lisitsyna Liudmila , Korepanov Vladimir , Lisitsyn Victor , Trefilova Larisa , Kassymkanova Raigul 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTime‐resolved spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate radiation transformation of the oxygen–hydrogen impurity in LiF crystals doped with oxides of different metals Li, W, Ti and Fe with the ab‐sorbed dose range of 101–105Gy in the time interval of 10‐9–10‐1s and in the temperature interval of 15–300 K (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Density functional study of platinum polyyne monomer, oligomer, and polymer: Ground state geometrical and electronic structures
Authors: Motaghiani Shahram , Mirabbaszadeh Kavoos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGeometries of monomers and oligomers of a platinum polyyne and its free ligands were optimized using density functional theory with B3LYP hybrid functional. The LANL2DZ basis set was used for Pt and the 6‐31G* for other atoms in geometry optimizations. The electronic structures of these compounds were analyzed using Stuttgart/Dresden ECPs (SDD) basis set for metal atoms and 6‐311G* for others. The polymerization has very little effect on the bond lengths and by introducing the metal, the acetylide bond length increases slightly. The strong overlap between metal spx orbitals and σpx orbitals of acetylides results in localized σ bonding. The hybridization between the ligand pπ orbitals and the platinum dπ orbital resulted in the π‐conjugation enhancement. This conjugation enhancement causes some effects such as the highest‐occupied molecular orbital–lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbital gap reduction and charge transfer characteristic of low‐energy vertical transitions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reply on “comment on ‘statistical physics of a mesoscopic fermion system inside a rectangular box’”
Authors: Lungu Radu P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis is the reply on the comment written by M. Toutounji, concerning the paper R. P. Lungu Statistical physics of a mesoscopic fermion system inside a rectangular box, Int. J. Quant. Chem., doi: 10.1002/qua.24128 (2013). © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enforcing Luminescence at Organic Nanointerfaces: Luminescence Spatial Confinement and Amplification in Molecular‐Based Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Campioli Elisa , Rouxel Cédric , Campanini Marco , Nasi Lucia , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Terenziani Francesca 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFully organic core–shell nanoparticles that promote luminescence spatial confinement and enhancement at the core–shell nanointerface are designed and prepared. These molecular‐based bicomponent nanostructures give rise to very efficient directional excitation energy transfer from the shell to acceptor molecules in the core located at the core–shell nanointerface. A striking luminescence enhancement is observed with respect to the corresponding single‐component nanoparticles, which is ascribed to large local electric fields generated at the nanointerface between the polarizable molecular core and shell.
Experimental methods in studying child language acquisition
Authors: Ambridge Ben , Rowland Caroline F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reviews the some of the most widely used methods used for studying children's language acquisition including (1) spontaneous/naturalistic, diary, parental report data, (2) production methods (elicited production, repetition/elicited imitation, syntactic priming/weird word order), (3) comprehension methods (act‐out, pointing, intermodal preferential looking, looking while listening, conditioned head turn preference procedure, functional neuroimaging) and (4) judgment methods (grammaticality/acceptability judgments, yes‐no/truth‐value judgments). The review outlines the types of studies and age‐groups to which each method is most suited, as well as the advantage and disadvantages of each. We conclude by summarising the particular methodological considerations that apply to each paradigm and to experimental design more generally. These include (1) choosing an age‐appropriate task that makes communicative sense (2) motivating children to co‐operate, (3) choosing a between‐/within‐subjects design, (4) the use of novel items (e.g., novel verbs), (5) fillers, (6) blocked, counterbalanced and random presentation, (7) the appropriate number of trials and participants, (8) drop‐out rates (9) the importance of control conditions, (10) choosing a sensitive dependent measure (11) classification of responses, and (12) using an appropriate statistical test. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:149–168. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1215This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Language
Can a systems biology approach unlock the mysteries of Kawasaki disease?
Authors: Rowley Anne H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic inflammatory illness of childhood that particularly affects the coronary arteries. It can lead to coronary artery aneurysms, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Clinical and epidemiologic data support an infectious cause, and the etiology remains unknown, but recent data support infection with a ‘new’ virus. Genetic factors influence KD susceptibility; the incidence is 10‐fold higher in children of Asian when compared with Caucasian ethnicity. Recent research has identified genes affecting immune response that are associated with KD susceptibility and outcome. A re‐examination of the pathologic features of KD has yielded a three process model of KD vasculopathy, providing a framework for understanding the KD arterial immune response and the damage it inflicts and for identifying new therapeutic targets for KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities. The researcher is faced with many challenges in determining the pathogenesis of KD. A systems biology approach incorporating genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and microbial bioinformatics analysis of high‐throughput sequence data from KD tissues could provide the keys to unlocking the mysteries of this potentially fatal illness of childhood. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:221–229. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1202This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Dicarbene Dipalladium Complexes
Authors: Li Yunfei , Yang Longguang , Chen Qian , Cao Changsheng , Guan Pei , Pang Guangsheng , Shi Yanhui 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of imidazole‐based and benzimidazole‐based di‐NHC dipalladium complexes with alkyl bridges of different chain lengths were prepared. All complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The crystal structures of three complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray studies show the length of linker effects the solid structure of these complexes and π–π stacking plays an important role for the configuration of NHC‐Pd‐Py subunits. The activity of NHC‐palladium complexes was investigated in the mono‐ and double‐Heck reactions, and the imidazole‐based palladium complex bearing the shortest ethylene bridge shows the best activity and selectivity in both reactions.
Influence of Cation Size on the Co‐crystallisation of Benzoic Acid with Different Benzoates
Authors: Butterhof Christian , Milius Wolfgang , Breu Josef 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the pharmaceutical industry many new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are marketed as carboxylic salts because of enhanced solubility and dissolution rates. These salts are, however, often hard to crystallise and/or exhibit a low degree of crystallinity. The reason may be the largely differing sizes of cation and anion. One way out of the resulting “coordination dilemma“ is the formation of co‐crystals of the salt with its neutral acid which delivers additional coordination sites for the cation. In this line, the crystal structure of a new co‐crystal of benzoic acid (HBz) and lithium benzoate (LiBz) with composition 1HBz·1LiBz was determined and was compared to published ionic co‐crystals of other alkali salts with respect to the structure determining criteria: coordination number of the cation, ratio of HBz:Bz–, mode of coordination of the carboxylic groups (mono‐ or bidentate), and connectivity (edge‐ or corner‐sharing) between neighbouring polyhedra. The new crystal structure is closely related to form A of 2HBz·1NaBz. Both crystal structures contain dimers with shared edges which are further connected by bridging bidentate ligands to tapes.
Brugada syndrome in the presence of coronary artery disease
Authors: Ohkubo Kimie , Watanabe Ichiro , Okumura Yasuo , Kofune Masayoshi , Nagashima Koichi , Mano Hiroaki , Sonoda Kazumasa , Kogawa Rikitake , Sasaki Naoko , Nakai Toshiko , Kunimoto Satoshi , Kasamaki Yuji , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundBrugada‐type ECG changes have been described in association with various cardiac disease states including electrolyte abnormalities, myocardial pathologies, and mechanical cardiac abnormalities as well as drug therapies with particular medications. Such potential confounding factors make it difficult to diagnose Brugada syndrome on the basis of standard guidelines.MethodsTo investigate the incidence of significant coronary artery disease in patients with Brugada‐type ECG, coronary angiography was performed in 55 patients with Brugada‐type ECGs.ResultsFive of the 55 patients (9%) had significant coronary artery stenosis, and 3 out of these 5 were asymptomatic. Patients with coronary artery disease were older than in those without coronary artery disease (59.4±7.2 years vs. 49.0±13.8 years, P=0.03). An electrophysiological study was performed in 4 of the 5 patients, and ventricular fibrillation was induced in all 4.ConclusionsWe conclude that patients with Brugada‐type ECGs should be evaluated for coronary artery disease, and this is especially important for patients in whom age could be a risk factor for the disease.
Equidistribution results for geodesic flows
Authors: AMROUN ABDELHAMID 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUsing the works of Mañé [On the topological entropy of the geodesic flows.J. Differential Geom.45(1989), 74–93] and Paternain [Topological pressure for geodesic flows.Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér.(4)33(2000), 121–138] we study the distribution of geodesic arcs with respect to equilibrium states of the geodesic flow on a closed manifold, equipped with a$\mathcal {C}^{\infty }$Riemannian metric. We prove large-deviation lower and upper bounds and a contraction principle for the geodesic flow in the space of probability measures of the unit tangent bundle. We deduce a way of approximating equilibrium states for continuous potentials.