bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Stem Cell Fate in a Three‐Dimensional Micropatterned Dual‐Crosslinked Hydrogel System
Authors: Jeon Oju , Alsberg Eben 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMicropatterning technology is a powerful tool for controlling the cellular microenvironment and investigating the effects of physical parameters on cell behaviors, such as migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although there have been significant developments in regulating the spatial and temporal distribution of physical properties in various materials, little is known about the role of the size of micropatterned regions of hydrogels with different crosslinking densities on the response of encapsulated cells. In this study, a novel alginate hydrogel system that can be micropatterned three‐dimensionally is engineered to create regions that are crosslinked by a single mechanism or dual mechanisms. By manipulating micropattern size while keeping the overall ratio of single‐ to dual‐crosslinked hydrogel volume constant, the physical properties of the micropatterned alginate hydrogels are spatially tunable. When human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) are photoencapsulated within micropatterned hydrogels, their proliferation rate is a function of micropattern size. Additionally, micropattern size dictates the extent of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of photoencapsulated hASC. The size of 3D micropatterned physical properties in this new hydrogel system introduces a new design parameter for regulating various cellular behaviors, and this dual‐crosslinked hydrogel system provides a new platform for studying proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in a spatially controlled manner for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Graphen: sicher oder toxisch?
Authors: Bianco Alberto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGraphen wird als bahnbrechendes Material der Zukunft angesehen. Für seine weitere Entwicklung ist nun die Beurteilung des Sicherheitsprofils und des Einflusses auf die menschliche Gesundheit von größter Bedeutung. Graphen gehört zu einer größeren Familie von Nanomaterialien, die als Graphenfamilie (“graphene family nanomaterials” GFNs) bezeichnet wird. Es sind verschiedene Formen von Graphen bekannt, deren biologische Wirkungen mit den physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften der jeweiligen Strukturen korreliert werden müssen. Einige In‐vitro‐ und In‐vivo‐Studien zeigten keine besonderen Risiken auf, während andere auf mögliche gesundheitsgefährdende Eigenschaften von GFNs hinweisen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz soll die aktuellen Studien über die Toxizität von GFNs kritisch diskutieren, um die möglichen Risiken für ihre zukünftige Entwicklung in den Material‐ und Biowissenschaften abzuschätzen.
Graphene: Safe or Toxic? The Two Faces of the Medal
Authors: Bianco Alberto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGraphene is considered the future revolutionary material. For its development, it is of fundamental importance to evaluate the safety profile and the impact on health. Graphene is part of a bigger family which has been identified as the graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs). Clarifying the existence of multiple graphene forms allows better understanding the differences between the components and eventually correlating their biological effects to the physicochemical characteristics of each structure. Some in vitro and in vivo studies clearly showed no particular risks, while others have indicated that GFNs might become health hazards. This Minireview critically discusses the recent studies on the toxicity of GFNs to provide some perspective on the possible risks to their future development in materials and biomedical sciences.
Chemical biology approaches to study protein cysteine sulfenylation
Authors: Pan Jia , Carroll Kate S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe oxidation of cysteine thiol side chains by hydrogen peroxide to afford protein sulfenyl modifications is an important mechanism in signal transduction. In addition, aberrant protein sulfenylation contributes to a range of human pathologies, including cancer. Efforts to elucidate the roles of protein sulfenylation in physiology and disease have been hampered by the lack of techniques to probe these modifications in native environments with molecular specificity. In this review, we trace the history of chemical and biological methods that have been developed to detect protein sulfenylation and illustrate how a recent cell‐permeable chemical reporter, DYn‐2, has been used to detect and identify intracellular targets of endogenous H2O2 during growth factor signaling, including the epidermal growth factor receptor. The array of new tools and methods discussed herein enables the discovery of new biological roles for cysteine sulfenylation in human health and disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 165–172, 2014.
Long‐term criminal outcome of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Dalsgaard Søren , Mortensen Preben Bo , Frydenberg Morten , Thomsen Per Hove 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundLong‐term outcome studies of child psychiatric populations are often limited by attrition. Our study uses the Danish National Crime Register to report on the largest and most complete prospective study of adult criminality as an outcome for children with socioeconomic status attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is the first to report on the adult criminal outcome of girls with ADHD.AimsTo estimate the relative risk (RR) of adult criminal convictions of children with ADHD compared with the rate in the general population.MethodsA clinical sample of 206 children who had attended a regional child and adolescent psychiatric clinic in Denmark between 1968 and 1989 and received a diagnosis of ADHD was identified. Official criminal conviction data were collected for all of them up to the year 2000 when their mean age was 31 years. Their rate of sustaining at least one criminal conviction was compared with that in an age‐matched general population sample.ResultsNinety‐seven (47%) of the children with ADHD had criminal convictions in adulthood. Children with ADHD were about five times more likely to sustain convictions than their peers in the general population (rate ratio (RR) 5.6, 95% confidence interval 5.2–6.1) and twelve times more likely to have violent convictions (RR 12.0, 95% confidence interval 9.9–14.5). Fifty‐four (26%) of the children with ADHD without any conduct problems in childhood were convicted in adulthood. Girls with ADHD were also at increased risk of criminal convictions.ConclusionsChildren with ADHD have a higher risk of criminal convictions in adulthood than previously documented, and both girls and boys are at increased risk. Co‐morbid conduct problems in childhood are highly predictive of criminal convictions in adulthood. Even in the absence of conduct problems, however, childhood ADHD is associated with increased risk of criminality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Use of Seawater as Reaction Media for Large‐Scale Applications in Biorefineries
Authors: Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiorefineries are expected to take over the production of chemicals and biofuels in the coming decades, in parallel to the depletion of fossil resources. Considerable research efforts have been made to develop efficient (bio)catalytic systems for the production of bio‐based solvents and novel products with improved ecological footprints and “smart” properties. Among other challenges, water consumption will be an important aspect to assess in the full sustainability of biorefineries, which are envisaged for large‐scale operations. The already existing fresh water shortage in many regions of our overpopulated planet has brought more pressure and uncertainties to these aims. Thus, over the past years, a number of enzymatic, fermentative, and chemocatalytic applications using seawater as a reaction medium for large‐scale biorefineries have been reported by several research groups, which emphasize the use of nonpotable water resources for coastal regions and for locally available biomass (e.g., algae). This article contextualizes in detail these seawater‐based applications for biorefineries. Overall, the use of such nonpotable water resources is promising, provided that applied catalytic systems can lead to straightforwardly treatable waste(sea)water effluents. Opportunities at the interface between biology, chemistry, and chemical engineering are foreseeable for (holistic) innovation and further research.
Enhancement of Catalytic Activities of Octahedral Molecular Sieve Manganese Oxide for Total and Preferential CO Oxidation through Vanadium Ion Framework Substitution
Authors: Genuino Homer C. , Meng Yongtao , Horvath Dayton T. , Kuo Chung‐Hao , Seraji Mohammad S. , Morey Aimee M. , Joesten Raymond L. , Suib Steven L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHigh‐valent vanadium ions were substituted into the synthetic cryptomelane manganese oxide (K‐OMS‐2) framework through a simple and low‐cost reflux method and investigated for total and preferential catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide. Substitutional doping of V5+ resulted in materials with modified composition, morphology, thermal stability; and textural, redox, and catalytic properties. The catalytic activity increased with V concentration until an optimum amount (≈10 % V incorporated) was reached, beyond that a structural “crash point” was observed, resulting in a material with low crystallinity, nanosphere morphology, and reduced catalytic activity. An increase in O2 concentration in the feed gas resulted in an increase in conversion over 10% V K‐OMS‐2. This most active catalyst was deactivated by moisture only at low temperatures and showed better tolerance than undoped K‐OMS‐2. This catalyst also preferentially oxidized CO to CO2 from 25 °C to 120 °C in large amounts of H2 under dry conditions, without significantly affecting CO conversion. The doped catalyst also showed stable activity and selectivity in long‐run experiments. The mobility and lability of surface oxygen, formation of hydroxyl groups, and enhanced surface redox properties promoted by V doping were strongly correlated with the enhancement of catalytic activities of K‐OMS‐2 nanomaterials.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Li4ZnTeO6 and Revision of Li3Cu2SbO6.
Authors: Nalbandyan V. B. , Avdeev M. , Evstigneeva M. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLi4ZnTeO6 is synthesized by solid state reaction of Li2CO3, ZnO, and TeO2 (850 °C, 4 h) and characterized by X‐ray and neutron diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐HfCuGe — A New Polymorph of HfCuGe with a Novel Structure Type.
Authors: Schoop Leslie M. , Allred Jared M. , Ni Ni , Hirai D. , Krez Julia , Schwall Michael , Ji Huiwen , Ali Mazhar N. , Cava R. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe new intermetallic title phase is obtained from stoichiometric melts of the elements (followed by annealing at 900 °C) and characterized by single crystal XRD, SEM, TGA, DSC, and resistivity and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Eu2+:SrMg1‐xMnxP2O7 (x = 0—1) Phosphors with Tunable Yellow—Red Emissions.
Authors: Li Kai , Chen Daqin , Zhang Rui , Yu Yunlong , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEu2+‐doped (0.03 mol.%) SrMg1‐xMnxP2O7 (x = 0—1) yellow‐red emitting phosphors are prepared by a solid state reaction of appropriate amounts of SrCO3, MgO, NH4H2PO4, Eu2O3, and MnCO3 (5% H2/N2 reducing atmosphere, alumina crucible, 1000°C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ce4B14O27.
Authors: Hinteregger Ernst , Perfler Lukas , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe title oxide is synthesized from a mixture of CeO2, B2O3, and CeF3 as flux material (2.6 GPa, 750°C).
ChemInform Abstract: The Novel Alkali Sulfidoferrates K9[FeIIIS4](S2)S, (K/Rb)6[FeIII2S6], Rb8[FeIII4S10], and K7[FeII/IIIS2]5.
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Haas Miriam , Roehr Caroline 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe sulfidoferrates of title are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Fe, S, K, and Rb2S (corundum crucible, K compounds: 900—1100°C, Rb compounds: 500—800°C, controlled heating).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via Racemization‐Free Equilibrium of Intermediary Chiral Enolates.
Authors: Monguchi Daiki , Yoshimura Tomoyuki , Irie Kazuyuki , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Majumdar Swapan , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA highly enantioselective route to multisubstituted indoline derivatives (II) and (III) via intramolecular conjugate addition of an α‐amino acid moiety is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 1‐Iodo‐1,3‐dienes by the Addition of MeMgSnBu3 to the Conjugated Terminal Enynes; Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (2E,4Z,6E)‐Dehydrodendrolasin.
Authors: Kawahama Reiko , Uenishi Jun'ichi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt is crucial that the reaction is carried out at ‐20°C as at 0°C the thermal isomerization occurs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Pyridylmethyl Ether: A Readily Removable and Efficient Directing Group for Amino Acid Ligand Accelerated ortho‐C—H Olefination of Phenols.
Authors: Cong Xuefeng , You Jingsong , Gao Ge , Lan Jingbo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt is demonstrated that 2‐pyridylmethyl ether can serve as an efficient directing group for amino acid accelerated ortho‐C—H olefination of phenols via a seven‐membered cyclopalladated intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deprotection of Methylene Acetal and MOM Ether in the Presence of Ketal‐Type Protective Groups: Remarkable Effect of TBSOTf.
Authors: Maegawa Tomohiro , Koutani Yasuyuki , Senami Kento , Yahata Kenzo , Fujioka Hiromichi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel procedure for the highly selective deprotection of methylene acetals and Mom‐groups in the presence of ketal‐type protective groups is developed utilizing a combination of Tbs‐O‐Tf and 2,2′‐bipyridyl.
ChemInform Abstract: Different Products in the Reaction of the Alcohols with Cyclic and Acyclic 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: K5CoW12O40 as an Electron Transfer Nano Catalyst.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Kahrizi Masoud , Joshaghani Mohammad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe reactions of linear 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with alcohols afford C‐alkylation products (III), whereas O‐alkylation takes place in the case of cyclic diketone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles Using Triphenylphosphine Dibromide under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Chaturvedi Devdutt , Chaturvedi Amit K. , Dwivedi Parmesh K. , Mishra Nisha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe procedure allows an easy approach to a broad spectrum of target compounds, represented by the examples (IV), (VII), (X), and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Arylsulfones by a Novel Multicomponent Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes, Chloroacetonitrile, Benzenesulfinic Acid Sodium Salt.
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ding Mao Hua , Guo Hong Yun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNo reaction takes place if an aliphatic aldehyde is used.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation Through C—H/N—H Activation: A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Multisubstituted Ureas.
Authors: Jiang Honglai , Lin Aijun , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA variety of tetrasubstituted urea derivatives is prepared by copper‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of alkoxyamides with corresponding formamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Phosphine‐Free Suzuki Aryl Couplings Mediated by an in situ Generated Pd(OAc)2/Metformin Complex in Green Media.
Authors: Alizadeh A. , Khodaei M. M. , Kordestani D. , Beygzadeh M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA broad spectrum of aryl halides can be used where the bromides are generally the most efficient substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Dialkynylation of Aryl Aldehydes Using Dialkynylboron Chlorides: A Transition‐Metal‐Free Route to 1,4‐Diynes.
Authors: Yao Min‐Liang , Pippin Adam B. , Wu Zhong‐Zhi , Quinn Michael P. , Yong Li , Reddy Marepally S. , Kabalka George W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDialkynylboron chlorides (II), prepared in situ from alkynes and BCl3, couple smoothly with aryl aldehydes to afford title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Nitrocyclopropanation of 2,5‐Dihydrothiophene‐3‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: De Risi Carmela , Benetti Simonetta , Fogagnolo Marco , Bertolasi Valerio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn unprecedented domino Michael/α‐alkylation reaction between the aldehyde substrates and bromonitromethane allows the synthesis of thiabicyclohexane systems with good to excellent diastereoselectivities
ChemInform Abstract: The First I2‐Promoted Efficient Aminoacetylation of Activated Aziridines in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Rai Vijai K. , Sharma Nihar , Kumar Anil 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA facile regio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of aminopyrrolidines is achieved via nucleophilic aziridine ring opening with substrate (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidation of 4‐Methylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylates with DDQ in the Presence of a Glycol.
Authors: Takahashi Kana , Iwamoto Ryoji , Sakata Ryo , Soeta Takahiro , Inomata Katsuhiko , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe metal‐free oxidation of title compounds (I) and (IV) in the presence of glycols proceeds smoothly and regioselectively to yield the corresponding pyrrole‐2,4‐dicarboxylates directly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Versatile Bifunctional Derivatives of Chiral Diamines Obtained Through Anchimerically Assisted Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions on Diastereomeric Phenylprolinols.
Authors: Vargas‐Caporali Jorge , Cruz‐Hernandez Carlos , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPyrrolidinic diamine (IV) and its diastereomer are synthesized by selective internal backside nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding phenylprolinols (I) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanation with Diazooxindole.
Authors: Awata Atsuko , Arai Takayoshi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe use of either 1‐pentene (IIa) or different styrenes affords the heterocyclic scaffold with good to excellent diastereoselectivity, but only moderate enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Indoles. Part 139. Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 1‐Methoxyindole‐3‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Yamada Fumio , Shinmyo Daisuke , Nakajou Masahiro , Somei Masanori 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA variety of 2‐substituted indole‐3‐carbaldehydes is readily prepared by reaction of 1‐methoxyindole‐3‐carbaldehyde (I) with S‐, O‐, N‐, and C‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Organocatalytic Approach to Michael Reactions of Thiazolones and Nitroalkenes: Preparation of Compounds with Anticancer Potency.
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Song Hongjin , Chen Qiao , Li Wenyi , Yin Wen , Kai Ming , Wang Rui 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe new compounds, 23 examples, show inhibitory activity against five cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes. Part 12. Synthesis of Novel, Highly Substituted Bi‐ and Tricyclic 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐5‐ones.
Authors: Zapol'skii Viktor A. , Vogt Eva‐Janina , Gjikaj Mimoza , Kaufmann Dieter E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAcidic hydrolysis of chromene derivative (III) in MeOH affords a mixture of heterocyclic compounds (V), (VI), and (VII) with the novel tricyclic chromen‐8‐ones (V) as main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Approaches Towards the Synthesis of Novel Pyrano[2,3‐a]carbazoles.
Authors: Prabakaran Kumaresan , Zeller Matthias , Szalay Paul S. , Prasad Karam J. Rajendra 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAlternative routes for the synthesis of not easily accessible pyranopyrazoles avoiding multistep procedures starting from readily available 1‐hydroxycarbazole derivatives are given.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Convenient Microwave‐Promoted Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted 2‐Chloropyridines and Their Conversion into Tetrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Gogoi Shyamalee , Gogoi Sanjib , Boruah Romesh C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNew 2‐chloropyridines are synthesized from α,β‐unsaturated ketoximes via microwave‐assisted Vilsmeier reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Aza‐Flavones (V) as a New Class of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Dhiman Rajni , Sharma Sahil , Singh Gagandip , Nepali Kunal , Bedi Preet Mohinder Singh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractImportant interactions of the most active compound (IIe) with the amino acid residues of the active site of XO are figured out by molecular modeling.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Novel β‐Carboline Derivatives with Pendant 5‐Bromothienyl and Their Evaluation as Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibitors.
Authors: El‐Gamil Dalia S. , Ahmed Nermin S. , Gary Bernard D. , Piazza Gary A. , Engel Matthias , Hartmann Rolf W. , Abadi Ashraf H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFrom 24 title compounds tested, compound (V) is the most potent PDE‐5 inhibitor with a selectivity index of 49 towards PDE‐5 vs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐dione Derivatives of Biological Interest.
Authors: Shah Nimesh M. , Patel Manish P. , Patel Ranjan G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA variety of new pyrazolophthalazinedione derivatives (16 examples) are synthesized via a one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 13‐Acetyl‐9‐methyl‐11‐oxo(or thioxo)‐8‐oxa‐10,12‐diazatricyclo [7.3.1.02,7]trideca‐2,4,6‐trienes under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Cheng Qingfang , Wang Qifa , Tan Tin , Chen Na , Shuai Mei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA high‐yield one‐pot three‐component cyclocondensation reaction method for the preparation of some new oxygen‐bridged monastrol derivatives (IV) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel 2‐Alkenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines and 2‐Alkenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepin‐4‐ols.
Authors: Acosta Quintero Lina Maria , Palma Alirio , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe required heterocyclic scaffolds are prepared starting from bis‐homoallylic anilines of type (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Trioxepanes and 1,2,4‐Trioxanes via H2O2‐Mediated Reaction of Tertiary Carbinols.
Authors: Ravi Makthala , Anand Devireddy , Maurya Ranjani , Chauhan Parul , Naikade Niraj K. , Shukla Sanjeev K. , Yadav Prem P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA convenient two‐step sequence allows the synthesis of the target compounds from carbinols via oxidation and subsequent condensation of the resulting hydroperoxides with ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: The Kabachnik—Fields and Pudovik Reactions on the Basis of E,Z‐Citral and Its Imines and (R,S)‐Citronellal.
Authors: Nizamov Ilyas S. , Yambushev Farid D. , Nizamov Ilnar D. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Alfonsov Vladimir A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA variety of novel α‐aminophosphonate derivatives are synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure Study of Diethyl Aryl(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylamino)methyl Phosphonates.
Authors: Lashkari Mojtaba , Hazeri Nourallah , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa Habibi , Torbati Niloufar Akbarzadeh , Hosseinian Asghar , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Torre‐Fernandez Laura 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) are conveniently obtained by a three‐component reaction between 2‐aminobenzothiazole (I), various aromatic aldehydes (II), and triethyl phosphite (III) under solvent‐free and green reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Solvatochromic Properties of Azulene‐Substituted Donor—Acceptor‐Type Polymethine Dyes.
Authors: Shoji Taku , Yamamoto Atsuyo , Inoue Yuta , Shimomura Erika , Ito Shunji , Higashi Junya , Morita Noboru 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFour azulen‐substituted polymethine dyes (IV) and (VI) are synthesized by a Zincke‐type ring‐opening reaction followed by a Knoevenagel condensation reaction.