bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cantilever piled-wall design criteria in cohesionless soil: a review
Authors: Zakaria Mohamed Hamed , Basha Ali 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The design of cantilever pile walls (CPWs) presents several common challenges. These challenges include soil variability, groundwater conditions, complex loading conditions, construction considerations, structural integrity, uncertainties in design parameters and construction and monitoring costs. Accordingly, this paper is to provide a detailed literature review on the design criteria of CPWs, specifically in cohesionless soil. This study aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in this area.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a literature review approach to gather information on the design criteria of CPWs in cohesionless soil. It covers various aspects such as excavation support systems (ESSs), deformation behavior, design criteria, lateral earth pressure calculation theories, load distribution methods and conventional design approaches.

Findings
The review identifies and discusses common challenges associated with the design of CPWs in cohesionless soil. It highlights the uncertainties in determining load distribution and the potential for excessive wall deformations. The paper presents various approaches and methodologies proposed by researchers to address these challenges.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the field of geotechnical engineering by providing a valuable resource for geotechnical engineers and researchers involved in the design and analysis of CPWs in cohesionless soil. It offers insights into the design criteria, challenges and potential solutions specific to CPWs in cohesionless soil, filling a gap in the existing knowledge base. The paper draws attention to the limitations of existing analytical methods that neglect the serviceability limit state and assume rigid plastic soil behavior, highlighting the need for improved design approaches in this context.
Alumni Network Centrality and Competitive Aggressiveness
Authors: Chen Shenglan , Cumming Douglas , Liu Xiaoling , Ma Hui , Yan Cheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the role of external resources and information advantages embedded in a firm's alumni network in the adoption of aggressive competitive strategies. We extend the competitive dynamics literature and social network theory by analysing the effect that the acquisition of external resources and information advantage has on corporate competitive strategy. We hypothesize that more central firms in alumni networks are associated with more aggressive competitive actions and better performance. We introduce extensive data from China and find strong support for our central hypothesis. Further, the data indicate that the effect is stronger in firms with high product market competition, high input–output network centrality, and during periods of high economic policy uncertainty. The results are robust to several endogeneity tests.
Facing the Future of Crime: A Framework for Police Use of Technology
Authors: Bowers Kate , Johnson Shane 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTechnological change is rapid and brings many benefits to society. However, for some technologies there will be unintended consequences that create new opportunities for crime, or new ways of committing existing offences. Understanding what these threats are and addressing them is of great importance if we are to benefit responsibly from innovation and change. To illustrate the issues of central importance, we consider two emerging technologies—artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Of course, technological change also brings opportunities to reduce crime and make society safer. Nonetheless, the police adoption of technology should be done in a responsible manner which includes the need to evaluate whether it works to reduce crime, at what cost and how the use of new technologies will be received by the public. We discuss a framework for thinking about the police adoption of new technologies and the evidence that should be collected in advance to inform such decision making.
Elite class self‐interest, socioeconomic inequality and U.S. population health
Authors: Ignatow Gabe , Gutin Iliya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClass‐based perspectives on the persistent social gradients in health within modern welfare states largely focus on the adverse consequences of unfettered neoliberalism and entrenched meritocratic socioeconomic selection. Namely, neoliberal‐driven economic inequality has fuelled resentment and stress among lower‐status groups, while these groups have become more homogeneous with regard to health behaviours and outcomes. We synthesise several sociological and historical literatures to argue that, in addition to these class‐based explanations, socioeconomic inequality may contribute to persistent social gradients in health due to elite class self‐interest—in particular elites’ preferences for overdiagnosis, overprescription and costly high‐technology medical treatments over disease prevention, and for increased tolerance for regulatory capture. We demonstrate that this self‐interest provides parsimonious explanations for several contemporary trends in U.S. health inequality including (A) supply‐side factors in drug‐related deaths, (B) longitudinal trends in the social gradients of obesity and chronic disease mortality and (C) the immigrant health advantage. We conclude that sociological theories of elite class self‐interest usefully complement theories of the psychosocial effects of neoliberalism and of meritocratic social selection while answering recent calls for research on the role advantaged groups play in generating inequalities in health, and for research that moves beyond technological determinism in health sociology.
Maternal death by cancer in pregnancy: A descriptive study of the International Network on Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy
Authors: Heimovaara Joosje H. , Huis in ’t Veld Evangeline A. , Lok Christianne A. R. , Garcia Alvaro Cabrera , Halaska Michael J. , Boere Ingrid , Gziri Mina Mhallem , Fruscio Robert , Painter Rebecca C. , Cardonick Elyce , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Masturzo B. , Van Calsteren Kristel , van Zuylen Lia , Amant Frederic ,   for the International Network on Cancer Infertility and Pregnancy
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise pregnant women diagnosed with primary or recurrent cancer who died during pregnancy, during delivery or within 1 year postpartum.DesignA descriptive study.SettingThe registry of the International Network on Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy (INCIP).PopulationWomen diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy between 2000 and 2022.MethodsUsing the INCIP registry database, we compared the characteristics of all women with cancer who died during pregnancy, delivery or within 1 year postpartum with those of all women with cancer who survived the first year postpartum.Main Outcome MeasuresMaternal and tumour characteristics and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.ResultsOf the 2359 women registered in INCIP, there were 131 cases (5.6%) of maternal mortality. Lung cancer (9/14, 64.3% of all registered women with lung cancer), gastro‐oesophageal cancer (13/21, 61.9%) and acute leukaemia (17/105, 16.2%) had the highest rates of maternal mortality. Maternal mortality was associated with fewer live births compared with the control group without maternal mortality (99/131, 75.6%, vs 1952/2163, 90.0%; P < 0.001), more elective caesarean sections (64/104, 60.4%, vs 756/1836, 41.2%; P < 0.001) and a lower gestational age at (induced) delivery (34.0 vs 37.1 weeks; P < 0.001), resulting in more preterm births.ConclusionsMaternal mortality occurred in 5.6% of cancer‐in‐pregnancy cases and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Effect of linolenic acid on triterpenoids production by the liquid fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea
Authors: Tang Wei , Ye Longfei , Guan Meizhu , He Jianfei , Liu Jianhua , Zhao Peicheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiquid state fermentation is now a commonly used route to obtain triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea, and linolenic acid can significantly promote triterpenoids synthesis, whereas its action mechanism has not been studied. Here, we comprehensively performed an investigation on the mechanism of linolenic acid to promote triterpenoids production in liquid‐state fermentation of A. cinnamomea. Results showed that the addition of linolenic acid increased the unsaturated fatty acid index, fluidity, and permeability in the cell membrane of A. cinnamomea mycelia, favored the absorption of nutrients in the medium by the mycelium, enhanced the material exchange inside and outside, and thus promoted mycelial growth and triterpenoids synthesis. Moreover, 767 significantly differentially expressed genes were detected by adding linolenic acid, including 212 upregulated genes and 555 downregulated genes. The upregulated genes were mainly enriched in metabolism, glycolytic pathway, TCA cycle, and pyruvate metabolism. It was seen that the addition of linolenic acid improved the cell metabolic activity and promoted the synthesis of secondary metabolites, proving that the addition of linolenic acid improved the metabolic viability of cells and promoted secondary metabolite synthesis.
Impact of microorganisms on key processes of organic acid metabolism during the occurrence and disappearance of paocai pellicle
Authors: Xian Shuang , Li Yanlan , Liu Xingyan , Shen Guanghui , Zhou Man , Li Meiliang , Hou Xiaoyan , Li Shanshan , Luo Qingying , Zhang Zhiqing , Chen Anjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn vegetable fermentation, pellicle is a common quality deterioration phenomenon. This study investigates the characteristics of glucose, organic acids, amino acids, and biogenic amines during the pellicle occurrence and disappearance of paocai. The results revealed a slight increase in pH of the fermentation system after pellicle occurred, and glucose was the main carbohydrate that microbial activity primary relied on. The microorganisms responsible for pellicle formation consumed organic acids in brine, but the lactic acid in paocai gradually increased and exceeded 25 mg/g. The appearance of pellicle caused a decrease in total free amino acids from 200.390 mg/100 g to 172.079 when pellicle occurred, whereas its impact on biogenic amines was not apparent. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment of metagenomics sequencing data, screening, and sorting of the key enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism, it was observed that the composition and species of the key microorganisms capable of metabolizing organic acids were more abundant before the appearance of pellicle. When pellicle occurred, lactic acid may be metabolized by Lactobacillus plantarum; in contrast, Lactobacillus and Pichia were associated with citric acid metabolism, and Lactobacillus, Pichia, Saccharomycodes, and Kazachstania were linked to malic acid metabolism. Moreover, Prevotella, Kazachstania, Lactobacillus, Vibrio, and Siphonobacter were implicated in succinic acid metabolism. Additionally, the production of tartaric acid and oxalic acid in paocai and brine resulted from abiotic effects. This knowledge offers a theoretical basis for precise control of paocai fermentation process.Practical ApplicationOur study revealed the specific situation of the metabolites produced by the microorganisms during the pollution and recovery process of pellicle in paocai fermentation, especially the effect of pellicle on the key process of organic acid metabolism. These research results provided theoretical basis for precise control of paocai fermentation.
Employee stock ownership plans and capital expenditures in China
Authors: Dai Jin , Gao Chong , Sun Qian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines how employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) affect long‐term investments or capital expenditures in China. Using a sample of listed companies from 2011 to 2021, we find that ESOPs negatively affect capital expenditures. This negative effect is stronger for firms with less institutional shareholding and older CEOs. Also, the effect is more pronounced for ESOPs with shorter vesting periods, debt financing, higher employee participation rates and more managerial holding. These results indicate that the unique features of China's ESOPs are likely to foster managerial opportunism and lead to a decline in long‐term investments for ESOP‐adopting firms. This study highlights the importance of the design of an ESOP, as it can erroneously impact the incentives of ESOP participants.
Oral health‐related quality of life and perceptions of patients following primary root canal treatment or non‐surgical retreatment
Authors: Lee Eileen Yi Ning , Sua Zi Yee , Bhatia Shekhar , Kohli Shivani , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Doğramacı Esma J. , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study compared the effect of primary root canal treatment (RCT) with root canal retreatment (Re‐RCT) on patient‐reported outcomes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Forty randomly selected adults participated (RCT n = 20; Re‐RCT n = 20). The impact their dentition had on the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) was assessed by calculating the prevalence of oral health impact, and the severity score. Focus group discussions using a semi‐structured guide were arranged through an online meeting platform. Qualitative content analysis identified common themes, and relevant quotes gathered. The impact on OHIP‐14 was limited for both RCT and Re‐RCT groups with no significant differences in the prevalence of oral health impact. Significant differences were found for functional limitation (RCT higher) and psychological discomfort (Re‐RCT higher). Common themes from the discussions include the importance of retaining teeth, the significance of effective communication between clinicians and patients and that the respondents were satisfied with the treatment.
Totally extraperitoneal laparoscopy‐assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy for the treatment of obstructive azoospermia caused by pediatric bilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy
Authors: Zhao Jingpeng , Chen Huixing , Zhang Chenwang , Zhang Yuxiang , Bai Haowei , Tian Ruhui , Zhi Erlei , Huang Yuhua , Yao Chencheng , Zhao Fujun , Wu Weidong , Li Zheng , Li Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common cause of obstructive azoospermia (OA). Yet, the surgical treatment for this kind of OA remains difficult with poor fertility outcome.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of totally extraperitoneal laparoscopy‐assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy (VV) in the treatment of OA caused by pediatric bilateral IHR.Materials and methodsTotally, 37 patients with OA caused by pediatric bilateral IHR were enrolled in this study from March 2015 to December 2020 in Shanghai General Hospital. The clinical data and fertility outcomes were collected and analyzed.ResultsAll patients enrolled had a history of bilateral IHR at the age of 1–10 years old. The mean age of patients was 27 ± 4.31 (range: 18–35) years. Totally extraperitoneal laparoscopy (TEP) was applied in 31 patients for the exploration and retrieval of pelvic vas deferens end, and 30 of them underwent microsurgical VV successfully. Among the six cases where TEP was not applied, five cases underwent microsurgical anastomosis. Intraoperative exploration revealed that the location of vas deferens injuries included scrotum (2.70%, 1/37), inguinal canal (5.41%, 2/37), pelvic cavity (78.37%, 29/37), and multiple sites (13.51%, 5/37). The mean operation time was 339 ± 96.73 min (range: 130–510 min). There were no surgical complications. Thirty‐three cases were followed up for 5–48 months with four cases lost to follow‐up. The overall patency rate, pregnancy rate, and natural pregnancy rate were 75.86% (22/29), 46.67% (14/30), and 36.84% (7/19, 3 patients without family planning), respectively. And seven couples conceived through the assisted reproductive technique, two of which using fresh sperm in the ejaculate.ConclusionTEP laparoscopy‐assisted microscopic VV is an effective treatment for patients with OA caused by pediatric bilateral IHR.
Best to possibly not be: A prudential argument for antinatalism
Authors: Teo Marcus T. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article starts by examining the present state of death ethics by attending to the euthanasia debate. Given that voluntary active euthanasia has seen strong support in the academic community, insights on the choiceworthiness of continued existence may be derived. Having derived cases of choiceworthy nonexistence (which I refer to as choiceworthy nonexistence [CNE] cases), I extend these intuitions to lives not worth starting, or choiceworthy nonexistence for potential people (which I refer to as foetal‐CNE, or fCNE cases). Although I depart from Benatarian antinatalism by rejecting Benatar's claim that all existence is necessarily a harm, I posit a weaker argument that all existence is likely a harm since we cannot know until later in life if an existence is a harm. If I am right, then we have prudential reasons not to bear children, since they are more likely to suffer in lives not worth living than not.
The impact of matched and mismatched donor–recipient genotypes for MDR1 polymorphisms (G2677TA, C1236T and C3435T) on the outcomes of patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Duan Ziwen , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yanping , Wang Jiawen , Zhu Han , Chen Ruize , Xu Wei , Miao Kourong 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this study, we investigated whether matched and mismatched multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) genotypes (G2677TA, C1236T and C3435T) were associated with prognosis in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). One hundred patients after transplantation and their donors were enrolled. Matched MDR1 G2677TA donor–recipient was associated with an increased risk of non‐relapse mortality (NRM) (29.5% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.002), poor overall survival (OS) (51.7% vs. 63.8%, p = 0.024) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (38.6% vs. 67%, p = 0.005). There were no differences in OS, DFS or NRM between MDR1 C1236T‐ and C3435T‐matched and ‐mismatched groups. Subgroup analysis suggested that within the matched MDR1 G2677TA group, male gender, haematopoietic cell transplantation‐specific comorbidity index ≥1, serum creatinine >137.2 μmol/L and post‐transplantation thrombocytopenia were associated with poor survival. Our results demonstrated that patients receiving matched MDR1 G2677TA allo‐HSCT experienced a poorer prognosis compared with the mismatched group. The potential mechanism may involve increased expression of P‐glycoprotein, leading to decreased accumulation of antimicrobial agents and ultimately contributing to the progression of inflammation. This identification of MDR1 G2677TA genotype compatibility holds promise as a valuable molecular tool for selecting donors for allo‐HSCT.
Perspectives on technology: Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) interobserver variability
Authors: Taya Michio , Behr Spencer C. , Westphalen Antonio C. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo explore the topic of Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) interobserver variability, including a discussion of major sources, mitigation approaches, and future directions.MethodsA narrative review of PI‐RADS interobserver variability.ResultsPI‐RADS was developed in 2012 to set technical standards for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reduce interobserver variability at interpretation, and improve diagnostic accuracy in the MRI‐directed diagnostic pathway for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. While PI‐RADS has been validated in selected research cohorts with prostate cancer imaging experts, subsequent prospective studies in routine clinical practice demonstrate wide variability in diagnostic performance. Radiologist and biopsy operator experience are the most important contributing drivers of high‐quality care among multiple interrelated factors including variability in MRI hardware and technique, image quality, and population and patient‐specific factors such as prostate cancer disease prevalence. Iterative improvements in PI‐RADS have helped flatten the curve for novice readers and reduce variability. Innovations in image quality reporting, administrative and organisational workflows, and artificial intelligence hold promise in improving variability even further.ConclusionContinued research into PI‐RADS is needed to facilitate benchmark creation, reader certification, and independent accreditation, which are systems‐level interventions needed to uphold and maintain high‐quality prostate MRI across entire populations.
Medical weight loss in older persons with obesity
Authors: Gavras Alessandro , Batsis John A. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe prevalence of individuals with obesity or overweight has steadily increased over the past decades both worldwide, and in the United States. This trend is also evident in the older adult population, which has experienced a continuous rise in the number of individuals with overweight or obesity. This is relevant due to the impact of obesity in older adults' quality of life, physical function, morbidity, and healthcare costs. This review aims to provide practical guidance and currently available approaches for healthcare professionals in managing this population. Both non‐pharmacological methods such as intensive behavioural therapy, nutritional interventions, and physical activity, as well as anti‐obesity medications, are discussed, with a focus on their potential positive and negative effects in older adults. Additionally, bariatric therapy is evaluated, including current procedures available and the associated results and risks in the older population.
Healthcare professionals' competencies and confidence in managing hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Olsen Mikkel Thor , Rasmussen Louise Mathorne , Bach Ermina , Demir Ceren , Klarskov Carina Kirstine , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , Hansen Katrine Bagge , Molsted Stig , Lommer Kristensen Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsIn hospitals, 15%–20% of patients have diabetes. Therefore, all healthcare professionals (HCPs) must have a basic knowledge of in‐hospital diabetes management. This survey assessed the knowledge of diabetes among HCPs in Denmark.MethodsA 27‐item questionnaire was developed and reviewed independently before the survey was distributed. The questionnaire contained seven baseline questions on the HCPs' current workplace, educational level, usual shift routines and years of experience, 18 multiple‐choice questions and 2 cases.ResultsA total of 252 completed questionnaires were returned by 133 (52.8%) physicians, 101 (40.1%) nurses and 18 (7.1%) healthcare assistants. HCPs answered 50% of the questions correctly. Having experience from endocrinological departments increased the correct response score (0%‐100%) by 6.2% points (95% CI 0.3‐12.1) (p = 0.039) and 3.1% points (95% CI 1.5–4.7) for every increase in confidence level on a scale from 1 to 10 (p < 0.001). HCPs scored 8 out of 10 on a confidence level scale on average. In a fictive case, 50% of HCPs administered the correct bolus insulin dose. Hyperglycaemia (>10.0 mmol/L) and hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/L) were correctly identified by around 40% of HCPs. Hypoglycaemia was rated more important than hyperglycaemia by most HCPs.ConclusionSignificant gaps in identifying hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia and correct administration of bolus insulin have been identified, which could be targeted in future education for HCPs. HCPs answered 50% of questions related to in‐hospital diabetes management correctly. Experience from endocrinological departments and self‐rated confidence levels are associated with HCPs' in‐hospital diabetes competencies.