bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Identification of Neutral and Anionic Species in Complex Mixtures without Separation
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Chen Lily , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA chemosensory system is reported that operates without the need for separation techniques and is capable of identifying anions and structurally similar bioactive molecules. In this strategy, the coordination of analytes to a metal complex with an open binding cleft generates “static structures” on the NMR timescale. Unique signals are created by strategically placing fluorine atoms in close proximity to bound analytes so that small structural differences induce distinct 19F NMR shifts that can be used to identify each analyte. The utility of this method is illustrated by quantifying caffeine levels in coffee, by identifying ingredients in tea and energy drinks, and by discriminating between multiple biogenic amines with remote structural differences six carbon atoms away from the binding site. We further demonstrate the simultaneous identification of multiple neutral and anionic species in a complex mixture.
In Plattenebene beanspruchte Biegeträger aus Brettsperrholz
Authors: Flaig Marcus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFür Brettsperrholzträger mit angeschnittenen Rändern werden Abminderungsfaktoren anhand der in Eurocode 5 für Brettschichtholzträger angegebenen Gleichungen hergeleitet. Für die zur Berechnung der Abminderungsfaktoren erforderlichen Festigkeitskennwerte der Brettsperrholzträger werden Gleichungen in Abhängigkeit des Lagenaufbaus und unter Berücksichtigung der möglichen Versagensmechanismen definiert. Für Brettsperrholzträger mit Durchbrüchen oder Ausklinkungen am Trägerauflager werden spannungsbasierte Bemessungsansätze beschrieben. Zur Berechnung der rechtwinklig zur Trägerlängsachse wirkenden Beanspruchungen werden die im deutschen Nationalen Anhang zu Eurocode 5 angegebenen Gleichungen für Brettschichtholzträger mit verstärkten Durchbrüchen und Ausklinkungen verwendet. Zur Berechnung von Spannungsspitzen im Bereich der Durchbrüche und Ausklinkungen werden mithilfe von Finite‐Elemente‐(FE)‐Berechnungen ermittelte Faktoren angegeben.CLT beams loaded in plane direction – Part 2: Tapered CLT beams and CLT beams with holes or notchesBased on Eurocode 5 equations for the calculation of strength reduction factors for glulam beams, a method to determine the bending strength of CLT beams with tapered edges is presented. The strength properties of CLT beams needed as input values are defined in dependence of the beam layup taking into account possible failure modes. For CLT beams with holes or notches stress based design approaches are introduced. For the calculation of stresses perpendicular to the beam axis existing approaches given in the German National Annex to Eurocode 5 for reinforced glulam beams with holes or notches are used. Stress concentration factors determined by means of finite element method are introduced.
Ultraschalluntersuchungen an statisch beanspruchten Betonproben
Authors: von der Haar Christoph , Marx Steffen , Krompholz Rolf 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUltraschallmessverfahren bieten bereits heute in verschiedenen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen (z. B. Medizin, Biologie) ein enormes Leistungspotenzial. Aber auch in anderen bauaffinen Bereichen (z. B. Stahlbau, Natursteinprüfung) oder im Bereich der Geowissenschaften wird die Ultraschallmesstechnik erfolgreich und vielfach eingesetzt. Demgegenüber ist die Anwendung im Betonbau deutlich unterentwickelt, aber gerade in Laborversuchen zeigt das Verfahren, dass es zur Zustandsbewertung und Schädigungsbeobachtung ideal geeignet ist.In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse von Ultraschalllaufzeitmessungen an druckbeanspruchten Betonprobekörpern präsentiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen einer Literaturstudie gesammelt und durch eigene Untersuchungen ergänzt. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten an einem höherfesten Normalbeton im kraft‐ und weggeregelten Druckversuch. Es wird gezeigt, dass die sich mit steigender Druckbeanspruchung im Beton formierenden Risse zu einer deutlichen Abnahme der Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit führen. Zudem konnte festgestellt werden, dass der Bruch des Probekörpers durch die Änderung der Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit wesentlich deutlicher angezeigt wird, als das in einer Spannungsdehnungslinie abzulesen ist.Ultrasonic investigations on compressive stressed concrete specimenUltrasonic measurement methods are already offering in various scientific disciplines (e.g. medicine, biology) an enormous performance potential. But also in other construction‐related sectors (e.g. steel construction, natural stone test) or in the field of geosciences the ultrasonic measurement technology is used successfully and multiple. In contrast the application in concrete construction is clearly underdeveloped, but especially laboratory tests show that it is ideally suitable for condition assessment and damage observation.In this paper results are presented of ultrasonic transmission time measurements of compressive loaded concrete specimens. The results were collected as part of a literature study and supplemented by own investigations. The investigations were performed at a normal strength concrete in force‐ and stroke controlled compression tests. It is shown that the crack formation by increasing compressive stresses leads to a significant decrease in the ultrasonic pulse velocity. In addition, it was found that the fracture of the specimen is indicated by the change in ultrasonic pulse velocity substantially clearly than can be read in a stress‐strain curve.
Zur Verdrehsteifigkeit von durch Wandscheiben ausgesteiften Gebäuden
Authors: Brandt Bernd 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFür ein Gebäude mit Wandscheiben als aussteifenden lotrechten Bauteilen lässt sich für Biegebeanspruchungen mithilfe der Labilitätszahlen αy2 und αz2 auf einfache Weise beurteilen, ob eine Berechnung nach Theorie II. Ordnung erforderlich ist. Zum Nachweis von Verdrehbeanspruchungen ist der Aufwand erheblich größer. In den Normen und der Literatur sind Konstruktionsprinzipien angegeben, bei deren Einhaltung auf einen entsprechenden Nachweis verzichtet werden kann. Diese Regeln werden durch eine mechanisch anschauliche Ableitung ersetzt: Wenn bei einem für Biegebeanspruchungen genügend ausgesteiften Gebäude der Wölbradius größer als der Last‐Trägheitsradius ist, kann auf weitergehende Nachweise nach Theorie II. Ordnung verzichtet werden, das Gebäude ist gegen Verdrehbeanspruchungen ausreichend ausgesteift.Die Vorgehensweise ist durch Beispiele erläutert. Hinweise zu den Normen und baupraktische Angaben vervollständigen die Abhandlung.Torsional stiffness by wall panels braced buildingsThe bending stress of a building with wall panels of stiffening vertical components, can be assessed in a simple manner with the support of lability numbers αy2 and αz2 to verify whether a calculation according to theory II. order is required. The effort to verify twisting stress is considerably greater. The principal design is given in standard as well as in literature and can be dispensed with, in compliance to the supporting evidence. These rules are replaced by a mechanically illustrative derative: in case the warping radius is greater than the load‐radius of gyration in a, for bending stress, sufficiently braced building, it is possible to dispense with further evidence. The building is braced sufficiently against torsional stress.The procedure is illustrated by means of examples. Notes on the standard and practical construction details complete the treatise.
Hospitalhof Stuttgart
Authors: Peter Boris , Pfaff Klaus , Sonntag Daniel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDer neue Hospitalhof in Stuttgart ist als Zentrum für Erwachsenenbildung, Kunst und Kultur weit über die Stadtgrenzen hinaus bekannt. Es ist der zentrale Verwaltungs‐ und Versammlungsort der Evangelischen Kirche in der Landeshauptstadt und u. a. Ort der Landessynode. Das Tragwerk des architektonischen Entwurfs von Lederer Ragnarsdóttir Oei Architekten wurde von Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering entworfen und umgesetzt. Die räumlich komplexe Struktur wurde durchgängig von der Entwurfs‐ bis in die Ausführungsphase an einem digitalen räumlichen Gebäudemodell entwickelt. Der folgende Bericht beschreibt den Umgang mit räumlichen Tragstrukturen im Hochbau und zeigt die Potenziale einer frühzeitigen BIM‐Planung (BIM: Building Information Modeling, deutsch: Gebäudemodell) anhand konkreter Beispiele und Erfahrungen auf.Hospitalhof Stuttgart – about three‐dimensional structures, BIM and the chance for a paradigm shiftAs a center of adult education, culture and art, the new Hospitalhof in Stuttgart is known way beyond the city surrounds. It is the central administration and meeting place for the Protestant Church of the greater Stuttgart Metropolitan Area, as well as the regional synod. The load‐bearing structure of the new building, which has been designed by Lederer Ragnarsdóttir Oei Architects, has been designed and implemented by Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering. The complex space structure has been completely developed from schematic design through construction documents on the basis of a three‐dimensional digital building model. The following report describes dealing with three‐dimensional structures in building construction und shows the potentials of an early BIM‐planning (BIM: Building Information Modeling) based on specific examples and experiences.
Linking hydrolysis performance to Trichoderma reesei cellulolytic enzyme profile
Authors: Lehmann Linda , Rønnest Nanna P. , Jørgensen Christian I. , Olsson Lisbeth , Stocks Stuart M. , Jørgensen Henrik S. , Hobley Timothy 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTTrichoderma reesei expresses a large number of enzymes involved in lignocellulose hydrolysis and the mechanism of how these enzymes work together is too complex to study by traditional methods, for example, by spiking with single enzymes and monitoring hydrolysis performance. In this study, a multivariate approach, partial least squares regression, was used to see whether it could help explain the correlation between enzyme profile and hydrolysis performance. Diverse enzyme mixtures were produced by T. reesei Rut‐C30 by exploiting various fermentation conditions and used for hydrolysis of washed pretreated corn stover as a measure of enzyme performance. In addition, the enzyme mixtures were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the different proteins. A multivariate model was applied for the prediction of enzyme performance based on the combination of different proteins present in an enzyme mixture. The multivariate model was used for identification of candidate proteins that are correlated to enzyme performance on pretreated corn stover. A very large variation in hydrolysis performance was observed and this was clearly caused by the difference in fermentation conditions. Besides β‐glucosidase, the multivariate model identified several xylanases, Cip1 and Cip2, as relevant proteins to study further. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1001–1010. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular variation of the nonribosomal peptide‐polyketide siderophore yersiniabactin through biosynthetic and metabolic engineering
Authors: Ahmadi Mahmoud Kamal , Fawaz Samar , Fang Lei , Yu Zhipeng , Pfeifer Blaine A 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe production of the mixed nonribosomal peptide‐polyketide natural product yersiniabactin (Ybt) has been established using E. coli as a heterologous host. In this study, precursor‐directed biosynthesis was used to generate five new analogs of Ybt, demonstrating the flexibility of the heterologous system and the biosynthetic process in allowing compound diversity. A combination of biosynthetic and cellular engineering was then used to influence the production metrics of the resulting analogs. First, the cellular levels and activity of FadL, a hydrocarbon transport protein, were tested for subsequent influence upon exogenous precursor uptake and Ybt analog production with a positive correlation observed between FadL over‐production and analog formation. Next, a Ybt biosynthetic editing enzyme was removed from the heterologous system which decreased native compound production but increased analog formation. A final series of experiments enhanced endogenous anthranilate towards complete pathway formation of the associated analog which showed a selective ability to bind gold. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1067–1074. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose integrating substrate morphology and cocktail composition
Authors: Huron Maïté , Hudebine Damien , Lopes Ferreira Nicolas , Lachenal Dominique 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA mechanistic model of enzymatic hydrolysis taking into account the morphology of the cellulosic particles and its evolution with time was developed. The individual behavior of the main enzymes involved in the reaction (cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases, and β‐glucosidases), as well as synergy effects, were also included. A large panel of experimental tests was done to fit and validate the model. This database included different enzymes mixtures and operating conditions and allowed to determine and compare with accuracy the adsorption and kinetic parameters of the different enzymes. Model predictions on short hydrolysis times were very satisfactory. On longer times, a deactivation constant was added to represent the hydrolysis slowdown. The model also allowed to predict the impact of enzymes ratios and initial substrate parameters (chain length distribution, polymerization degree) on hydrolysis, and to follow the evolution of these parameters with time. This model revealed general trends on the impact of cellulose morphology on hydrolysis. It is a useful tool to better understand the mechanisms involved in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and to determine optimal cellulolytic cocktails for process design. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1011–1023. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lactic acid production from cellobiose and xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Turner Timothy L. , Zhang Guo‐Chang , Oh Eun Joong , Subramaniam Vijay , Adiputra Andrew , Subramaniam Vimal , Skory Christopher D. , Jang Ji Yeon , Yu Byung Jo , Park In , Jin Yong‐Su 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTEfficient and rapid production of value‐added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is an important step toward a sustainable society. Lactic acid, used for synthesizing the bioplastic polylactide, has been produced by microbial fermentation using primarily glucose. Lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain high concentrations of cellobiose and xylose. Here, we constructed a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of fermenting cellobiose and xylose into lactic acid. Specifically, genes (cdt‐1, gh1‐1, XYL1, XYL2, XYL3, and ldhA) coding for cellobiose transporter, β‐glucosidase, xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, xylulokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were integrated into the S. cerevisiae chromosomes. The resulting strain produced lactic acid from cellobiose or xylose with high yields. When fermenting a cellulosic sugar mixture containing 10 g/L glucose, 40 g/L xylose, and 80 g/L cellobiose, the engineered strain produced 83 g/L of lactic acid with a yield of 0.66 g lactic acid/g sugar (66% theoretical maximum). This study demonstrates initial steps toward the feasibility of sustainable production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic sugars by engineered yeast. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1075–1083. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐Lauroylation during the Expression of Recombinant N‐Myristoylated Proteins: Implications and Solutions
Authors: Flamm Andrea Gabriele , Le Roux Anabel‐Lise , Mateos Borja , Díaz‐Lobo Mireia , Storch Barbara , Breuker Kathrin , Konrat Robert , Pons Miquel , Coudevylle Nicolas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIncorporation of myristic acid onto the N terminus of a protein is a crucial modification that promotes membrane binding and correct localization of important components of signaling pathways. Recombinant expression of N‐myristoylated proteins in Escherichia coli can be achieved by co‐expressing yeast N‐myristoyltransferase and supplementing the growth medium with myristic acid. However, undesired incorporation of the 12‐carbon fatty acid lauric acid can also occur (leading to heterogeneous samples), especially when the available carbon sources are scarce, as it is the case in minimal medium for the expression of isotopically enriched samples. By applying this method to the brain acid soluble protein 1 and the 1–185 N‐terminal region of c‐Src, we show the significant, and protein‐specific, differences in the membrane binding properties of lauroylated and myristoylated forms. We also present a robust strategy for obtaining lauryl‐free samples of myristoylated proteins in both rich and minimal media.
Surface Segregation of Fe in Pt–Fe Alloy Nanoparticles: Its Precedence and Effect on the Ordered‐Phase Evolution during Thermal Annealing
Authors: Prabhudev Sagar , Bugnet Matthieu , Zhu Guo‐Zhen , Bock Christina , Botton Gianluigi A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 22/2015 is provided by the Microscopy of Nanoscale Materials Research Group at McMaster University, Canada. The image depicts the marriage between in situ heating and advanced electron microscopy techniques that enabled this research team to track structural, compositional, and configurational evolution of the same alloy nanoparticle over the course of heat treatment. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500380.
Effect of Cross‐Link Density on Carbon Dioxide Separation in Polydimethylsiloxane‐Norbornene Membranes
Authors: Hong Tao , Niu Zhenbin , Hu Xunxiang , Gmernicki Kevin , Cheng Shiwang , Fan Fei , Johnson J. Casey , Hong Eunice , Mahurin Shannon , Jiang De‐en , Long Brian , Mays Jimmy , Sokolov Alexei , Saito Tomonori 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the team of researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and several research groups at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The image shows the use of cross‐linked polydimethylsiloxane–norbornene membranes to separate CO2 from flue gas. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201500903.
Texture‐based segmentation and a new cell shape index for quantitative analysis of cell spreading in AFM images
Authors: Tiryaki Volkan Müjdat , Adia‐Nimuwa Usienemnfon , Ayres Virginia M. , Ahmed Ijaz , Shreiber David I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new cell shape index is defined for use with atomic force microscopy height images of cell cultures. The new cell shape index reveals quantitative cell spreading information not included in a conventional cell shape index. A supervised learning‐based cell segmentation algorithm was implemented by texture feature extraction and a multi‐layer neural network classifier. The texture feature sets for four different culture surfaces were determined from the gray level co‐occurrence matrix and local statistics texture models using two feature selection algorithms and by considering computational cost. The quantitative morphometry of quiescent‐like and reactive‐like cerebral cortical astrocytes cultured on four different culture environments was investigated using the new and conventional cell shape index. Inclusion of cell spreading with stellation information through use of the new cell shape index was shown to change biomedical conclusions derived from conventional cell shape analysis based on stellation alone. The new CSI results showed that the quantitative astrocyte spreading and stellation behavior was induced by both the underlying substrate and the immunoreactivity of the astrocytes. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Experimental analysis of mating patterns in a clonal plant reveals contrasting modes of self‐pollination
Authors: Hu Yi , Barrett Spencer C. H. , Zhang Da‐Yong , Liao Wan‐Jin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHermaphrodite plants commonly practice self‐fertilization (selfing), but the mechanisms responsible vary depending on the mode of self‐pollination, pollinator behavior, and degree of clonality. Whether selfing occurs within (autogamy) or between flowers (geitonogamy) is of evolutionary significance because their fitness consequences differ. We used floral manipulations and genetic markers to determine the relative contribution of autogamy and within‐ versus between‐ramet geitonogamy to the selfing rate of the bumblebee‐pollinated, clonal herbAconitum kusnezoffii. Data on flowering phenology and bumblebee foraging were also collected to determine opportunities for different modes of self‐pollination. Autogamy accounted for only 12% of the selfing rate with the remainder resulting from geitonogamy. Whole‐ramet emasculation of clones with multiple ramets reduced selfing by 78%, indicating that within‐ramet geitonogamy contributed significantly (68%) to total selfing. Selfing of single‐ramet plants was 44% less than multiple‐ramet plants, indicating that the contribution of between‐ramet geitonogamy was substantially less (20%) than within‐ramet geitonogamy, probably because of bumblebee foraging behavior. Our results demonstrate for the first time in a clonal plant that within‐ramet geitonogamy is substantially greater than between‐ramet geitonogamy and highlight the importance of considering the influence of clonal architecture and pollinator foraging on modes of self‐pollination.
A directed mutational approach demonstrates that a putative linoleate isomerase from Lactobacillus acidophilus does not hydrate or isomerize linoleic acid
Authors: Fibinger Michael P. C. , Freiherr von Saß G. Johannes , Herrfurth Cornelia , Feussner Ivo , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: November 2015

Catalytic promiscuity of enzymes is a field of general interest and the application of enzymes, catalyzing more than one chemical reaction has also industrial relevance. Furthermore, comparing the evolutionary relationship in protein families serves as basis for their engineering and adaption in practical applications. Oleate hydratases (EC 4.2.1.53) and linoleate isomerases (EC 5.2.1.5) act on related substrates and share substantial sequence similarity, but catalyze different transformations. The intrinsic cofactor FAD is found in both enzyme classes, but seems to perform different functions: for isomerases a redox‐based mechanism was identified and for hydratases only a structural or charge stabilizing function was suggested. Several fatty acid converting reactions were found in Lactobacillus acidophilus including oleate hydratase and linoleate isomerase activity. Two genes that may encode these two enzymes were identified (GenBank AAV42528.1 and ABB43157.1), cloned, and the corresponding proteins were produced in E. coli, purified, and investigated. This revealed that only the oleate hydratase activity could be confirmed. As both enzymes differ by only three amino acids, a series of mutants was also created and investigated to shed light on their promiscuous behavior.Practical applications: Bacterial isomerization or hydration of cis‐double bonds leading to the formation of trans‐double bonds or hydroxyl groups within fatty acids has been recognized to be useful for biocatalysis, since no additional cofactor recycling is required despite the presence of the cofactor FAD.Lactobacillus acidophilus can convert unsaturated fatty acids to different products through an oleate hydratase and linoleate isomerase activity. The corresponding annotated proteins may differ by only three amino acids. This study, however, confirmed only one as an oleate hydratase, but the identification of the activity of the second protein remains elusive.