bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of lipid mediators in early pregnancy events
Authors: Aikawa Shizu , Hirota Yasushi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly pregnancy events, including embryo implantation, are critical for maintaining a healthy pregnancy and facilitating childbirth. Despite numerous signaling pathways implicated in establishing early pregnancy, a comprehensive understanding of implantation remains elusive.MethodsThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research on lipids in the context of early pregnancy, with a particular focus on feto‐maternal communications.Main FindingsEmbryo implantation entails direct interaction between uterine tissues and embryos. Introducing embryos triggers significant changes in uterine epithelial morphology and stromal differentiation, facilitating embryo implantation through communication with uterine tissue. Studies employing genetic models and chemical compounds targeting enzymes and receptors have elucidated the crucial roles of lipid mediators—prostaglandins, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, and cannabinoids—in early pregnancy events.ConclusionGiven the high conservation of lipid synthases and receptors across species, lipid mediators likely play pivotal roles in rodents and humans. Further investigations into lipids hold promise for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for infertility in humans.
Nematode community structure suggests perennial grain cropping cultivation as a nature‐based solution for resilient agriculture
Authors: Förster Alena , Hohberg Karin , Rasche Frank , Emmerling Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionConventional agricultural land‐use may negatively impact biodiversity and the environment due to the increased disturbances to the soil ecosystem by tillage, for example. Cultivation of the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG, Kernza®) is a nature‐based solution for sustainable agriculture, improving nutrient retention mainly through its extensive root system. Nematodes serve as sensitive bioindicators, detecting early changes in the soil food web, reflecting in changes in their community structure.Materials and MethodsIWG and annual wheat sites in South France, Belgium and South Sweden were investigated in April 2022 for two depths (5–15 cm; 25–35 cm) to evaluate the difference in nematode community structure among the cropping systems.ResultsSites with IWG cultivation held an accumulation of structure indicators (c‐p 3–5 nematodes) compared to sites with annual wheat cultivation. A generalised linear mixed model revealed significantly more root feeders, especially for the subsoil, under IWG as a result of the perennial cultivation. The maturity index, plant‐parasitic index, channel index and structure index were greater for IWG sites. The enrichment index was greater for annual wheat sites due to the dominance of bacterivores and enrichment indicators (c‐p 1 nematodes). The nematode community structure (weighted faunal profile analysis) indicates IWG sites as being a generally undisturbed system with efficient nutrient cycling and balanced distribution of feeding types, as well as higher metabolic footprint values for root feeders (including plant‐parasitic nematodes) and fungivores. Annual wheat sites, on the other hand, held indicators of a disturbed system with increased occurrence of opportunistic species and a more bacterial driven pathway. The topsoil had an increased occurrence of structure indicators in both cropping systems.ConclusionIWG creates favourable conditions for a diverse food web, including improved nutrient cycling and a heterogeneous resource environment, regardless of climatic conditions, establishing it as a stable and resilient agricultural management system.
Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies
Authors: Hu Zheyuan , Qian Shutong , Zhao Qiuyu , Lu Bolun , Lu Qian , Wang Yuhuan , Zhang Liucheng , Mao Xiyuan , Wang Danru , Cui Wenguo , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites secreted by cells under various physiological and pathological conditions that mediate intercellular communication. The main types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies (ABs). ABs are vesicles released during the terminal stages of cellular apoptosis, enriched with diverse biological entities and characterized by distinct morphological features. As a result, ABs possess great potential in fields like disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, and drug delivery due to their specificity, targeting capacity, and biocompatibility. However, their therapeutic efficacy is notably heterogeneous, and an overdose can lead to side effects such as accumulation in the liver, spleen, lungs, and gastrointestinal system. Through bioengineering, the properties of ABs can be optimized to enhance drug‐loading efficiency, targeting precision, and multifunctionality for clinical implementations. This review focuses on strategies such as transfection, sonication, electroporation, surface engineering, and integration with biomaterials to enable ABs to load cargoes and enhance targeting, providing insights into the engineering of ABs.
The nexus of urban agriculture and health resilience: Insights from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ebissa Gizaw , Desta Hayal , Fetene Aramde 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrban agriculture (UA) is useful in improving the health conditions of farmers and urban residents. The study aimed to investigate what and how UA contributes to the improvement of the health of residents engaged in UA in Addis Ababa. A sample size of 180 residents engaged in UA in Addis Ababa was selected based on the standard sample‐taking procedure for interviews. Collected data were entered into the SPSS software (version 2021) and then analyzed using analysis of variance. Results revealed that 89% of the respondents were convinced that their engagements in UA helped them in improving the health of their own and that of family members. UA in Addis Ababa is found to have the role of increasing farmers’ accessibility to healthy and fresh food; availing more food for consumption; increasing physical activity relevant to farm works; improving sanitation at personal, domestic, and environmental levels; and enhancing social capital. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that improved health condition has a statistically significant positive correlation with increased access to healthy and fresh food, increased consumption of diverse food, and improved social capital at α = 0.05 level (two‐tailed). UA in Addis Ababa enhanced the overall health conditions of 89% of the farmers and their families engaged in the practices. Bringing more lands under UA helps realize the endeavor of building a health‐resilient resident in addition to using UA as a tool for restoring the deteriorating social fabric in Ethiopia.
Risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in primary hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroidectomy versus nonoperative management
Authors: Song Zhixing , Balachandra Sanjana , Wu Christopher , Wang Rongzhi , Zmijewski Polina , Gillis Andrea , Fazendin Jessica , Lindeman Brenessa , Chen Herbert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric disorders frequently manifest in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), yet evidence of parathyroidectomy's benefit remains mixed. We sought to compare the incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders among patients treated with parathyroidectomy versus nonoperative management.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our institutional administrative database for patients with PHPT. Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were excluded. The date of biochemical diagnosis of PHPT was designated as day 0 and new‐onset neuropsychiatric disorders were defined as conditions diagnosed after this date. The risk of new‐onset neuropsychiatric disorders in propensity score‐matched surgical and nonsurgical patients was compared using the Cox regression over a median follow‐up of 4.2 years.ResultsOur cohort included 3728 patients, predominantly female (78%) and white (63.9%), with a mean (± Standard deviation) age of 62 ± 14 years. Of these, 1704 (45.7%) underwent parathyroidectomy. After propensity score matching and adjusting for clinical characteristics, patients who had parathyroidectomy showed a reduced hazard ratio (HR) for new‐onset cognitive impairment (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.91), somnolence (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.9) and schizophrenia (HR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.6), but not for anxiety (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.83–1.37), depression (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.77–1.36) or suicidal ideation (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.04–2.71). Additionally, surgical patients were less likely to require inpatient care (0.3% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001) for neuropsychiatric disorders.ConclusionsParathyroidectomy is associated with lower risks of new‐onset cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, or somnolence, indicating potential benefit of operative management in improving neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with PHPT.
Darm außer Kontrolle – wenn das Immunsystem andere Wege geht
Authors: Posovszky Carsten , Schütz Catharina 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Darmmukosa bildet nicht nur eine physikalische Barriere, sondern koordiniert auch die angeborene und adaptive Immunabwehr im Darm, um den Körper vor potenziell schädlichen Substanzen und Erregern zu schützen. Das intestinale Immunsystem ist daueraktiv und sorgt für eine geregelte Abwehr und -toleranz. Erkrankungen mit gestörter Immunabwehr führen häufig zu infektiösen, (chronisch-)entzündlichen oder autoimmunen Darmerkrankungen. Klinisch zeigt sich dies als Durchfall, Blut im Stuhl und Malabsorption sowie im Kindesalter als Gedeihstörung oder in der Adoleszenz als Gewichtsverlust. Deshalb sollte bei der Abklärung einer chronischen Darmerkrankung u. a. an einen Immundefekt gedacht werden. Das Erkennen einer zugrunde liegenden Immundefizienz ist für die therapeutische Weichenstellung entscheidend, weshalb frühzeitig eine gezielte Diagnostik erfolgen sollte. Je nach zugrunde liegender Störung des Immunsystems finden sich bei Betroffenen häufig klinische, immunologische und histologische Besonderheiten. Bekannte Genvarianten können mit typischen Phänotypen einhergehen, nicht immer aber liegt eine sog. Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation vor. Häufig sind allerdings Krankheitsmerkmale wie Symptome, histologische Veränderungen, Entzündungsmarker Ausdruck der gemeinsamen Endstrecke verschiedener monogenetischer Defekte. Daher profitieren Patient:innen mit V. a. einen Immundefekt vom „next generation sequencing“ (NGS).
Soft ionization mechanisms in flexible µ-tube plasma—elucidation of He-, Ar-, Kr-, and Xe-FµTP
Authors: Tian Caiyan , Song Hao , Ahlmann Norman , Brandt Sebastian , Foest Daniel , Niu Guanghui , Franzke Joachim , Speicher Luisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe soft ionization mechanism of helium-based plasma seems to be understood while it still remains challenging in argon-based plasma, although many studies have used argon plasmas as a soft ionization source with good ionization efficiencies. In this study, helium, argon, krypton, and xenon were fed into the same discharge geometry, a flexible micro-tube plasma (FµTP), to determine the ionization mechanisms. The FµTPs operated with the named noble gases obtained comparable ionization efficiencies by MS measurements. The optical emission results showed that N2+ were the dominant ions within the helium-FµTP and noble gas ions were dominant for the other plasmas. These ions support the development of excitation and eventually stop at the end of the capillary. Therefore, Penning ionization and charge transfer between plasma and ambient air/analytes in the open atmosphere have been proven not to be the primary soft ionization mechanism. Furthermore, it was found that photoionization played a minor role in soft ionization. Using helium as a diagnosis gas in front of the discharge capillary nozzle of the FµTP, where the sample is usually positioned, shows that helium can be ignited by all of these FµTPs. This demonstrates that the excitation of a diagnosis gas as well as the ionization of analytes is independent of the type of the discharge gas. An alternative mechanism that a transient potential created by the ions is responsible for the soft ionization is subsequently proposed.
Fertilization regime changes rhizosphere microbial community assembly and interaction in Phoebe bournei plantations
Authors: Yan Haoyu , Wu Yang , He Gongxiu , Wen Shizhi , Yang Lili , Ji Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fertilizer input is one of the effective forest management practices, which improves soil nutrients and microbial community compositions and promotes forest productivity. However, few studies have explored the response of rhizosphere soil microbial communities to various fertilization regimes across seasonal dynamics. Here, we collected the rhizosphere soil samples from Phoebe bournei plantations to investigate the response of community assemblages and microbial interactions of the soil microbiome to the short-term application of four typical fertilizer practices (including chemical fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (OF), compound microbial fertilizer (CMF), and no fertilizer control (CK)). The amendments of organic fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer altered the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. The fertilization regime significantly affected bacterial diversity rather than fungal diversity, and rhizosphere fungi responded more sensitively than bacteria to season. Fertilization-induced fungal networks were more complex than bacterial networks. Stochastic processes governed both rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal communities, and drift and dispersal limitation dominated soil fungal and bacterial communities, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrate contrasting responses to community assemblages and interactions of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi to fertilizer practices. The application of organic fertilization strengthens microbial interactions and changes the succession of key taxa in the rhizosphere habitat.

Key points
• Fertilization altered the key taxa and microbial interaction
• Organic fertilizer facilitated the turnover of rhizosphere microbial communities
• Stochasticity governed soil fungal and bacterial community assembly
Conversion of polyploid and alloploid Saccharomyces sensu stricto strains to leu2 mutants by genome DNA editing
Authors: Kiyokawa Kazuya , Sakuma Tetsushi , Moriguchi Kazuki , Sugiyama Minetaka , Akao Takeshi , Yamamoto Takashi , Suzuki Katsunori 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A large number of recombinant plasmids for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been constructed and accumulated over the past four decades. It is desirable to apply the recombinant plasmid resources to Saccharomyces sensu stricto species group, which contains an increasing number of natural isolate and industrial strains. The application to the group encounters a difficulty. Natural isolates and industrial strains are exclusively prototrophic and polyploid, whereas direct application of most conventional plasmid resources imposes a prerequisite in host yeast strains of an auxotrophic mutation (i.e., leu2) that is rescued by a selection gene (e.g., LEU2) on the recombinant plasmids. To solve the difficulty, we aimed to generate leu2 mutants from yeast strains belonging to the yeast Saccharomyces sensu stricto species group by DNA editing. First, we modified an all-in-one type CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid pML104 by adding an antibiotic-resistance gene and designing guide sequences to target the LEU2 gene and to enable wide application in this yeast group. Then, the resulting CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids were exploited to seven strains belonging to five species of the group, including natural isolate, industrial, and allopolyploid strains. Colonies having the designed mutations in the gene appeared successfully by introducing the plasmids and assisting oligonucleotides to the strains. Most of the plasmids and resultant leu2− mutants produced in this study will be deposited in several repository organizations.

Key points
• All-in-one type CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids targeting LEU2 gene were designed for broad application to Saccharomyces sensu stricto group species strains
• Application of the plasmids generated leu2 mutants from strains including natural isolates, industrial, and allopolyploid strains
• The easy conversion to leu2 mutants permits free access to recombinant plasmids having a LEU2 gene

Graphical Abstract
What does “urgency” mean when prioritizing cancer treatment? Results from a qualitative study with German oncologists and other experts during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sommerlatte Sabine , Hense Helene , Nadolny Stephan , Kraeft Anna-Lena , Lugnier Celine , Schmitt Jochen , Schoffer Olaf , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Schildmann Jan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer care in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic was affected by resource scarcity and the necessity to prioritize medical measures. This study explores ethical criteria for prioritization and their application in cancer practices from the perspective of German oncologists and other experts.

Methods
We conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews with German oncologists between February and July 2021 and fed findings of interviews and additional data on prioritizing cancer care into four structured group discussions, in January and February 2022, with 22 experts from medicine, nursing, law, ethics, health services research and health insurance. Interviews and group discussions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Narratives of the participants focus on “urgency” as most acceptable criterion for prioritization in cancer care. Patients who are considered curable and those with a high level of suffering, were given a high degree of “urgency.” However, further analysis indicates that the “urgency” criterion needs to be further distinguished according to at least three different dimensions: “urgency” to (1) prevent imminent harm to life, (2) prevent future harm to life and (3) alleviate suffering. In addition, “urgency” is modulated by the “success,” which can be reached by means of an intervention, and the “likelihood” of reaching that success.

Conclusion
Our analysis indicates that while “urgency” is a well-established criterion, its operationalization in the context of oncology is challenging. We argue that combined conceptual and clinical analyses are necessary for a sound application of the “urgency” criterion to prioritization in cancer care.
Population-adjusted numbers, demographics and mental health among children and adolescents referred to the Norwegian National Center for Gender Incongruence over two decades
Authors: Nyquist Cecilie Bjertness , Torgersen Leila , David Linda W. , Diseth Trond Haaken , Magnus Per , Biele Guido Philipp Emmanuel , Waehre Anne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in young people seeking medical treatment for gender dysphoria/gender incongruence (GD/GI). The aims of this study were to calculate yearly population-adjusted numbers of children and adolescents referred to the Norwegian National Center for Gender Incongruence (NCGI) at Oslo University Hospital (OUS) from 2000 to 2022; to describe the demographic characteristics and prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses, self-harm and suicide attempts among the referred from 2000 to 2020; and to investigate time trends. The study used data from the Gender Incongruence Registry for Children and Adolescents (GIRCA) in Norway. All persons under 18 years (n = 1258) referred to the NCGI between 2000 and 2020 were included: 68.4% assigned female gender at birth (AFAB) and 31.6% assigned male gender at birth (AMAB). We found a sharp increase in referrals to the NCGI favouring AFAB over AMAB. Nearly two in three (64.5%) had one or more registered psychiatric diagnoses. Self-harm was registered among 35.5%, and 12.7% had attempted suicide. Registered psychiatric diagnoses were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) more prevalent among AFAB (67.8%) than AMAB (57.4%). The number of registered diagnoses per person decreased significantly over time, with an average reduction of 0.02 diagnoses per person per year. Although there was a downward time trend in registered diagnoses per person, the total mental health burden among children and adolescents with GI emphasizes the need for a holistic approach.
Numerical analysis of a time discretized method for nonlinear filtering problem with Lévy process observations
Authors: Zhang Fengshan , Zou Yongkui , Chai Shimin , Cao Yanzhao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a nonlinear filtering model with observations driven by correlated Wiener processes and point processes. We first derive a Zakai equation whose solution is an unnormalized probability density function of the filter solution. Then, we apply a splitting-up technique to decompose the Zakai equation into three stochastic differential equations, based on which we construct a splitting-up approximate solution and prove its half-order convergence. Furthermore, we apply a finite difference method to construct a time semi-discrete approximate solution to the splitting-up system and prove its half-order convergence to the exact solution of the Zakai equation. Finally, we present some numerical experiments to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.
Locally Stationary Wavelet Analysis of Nonstationary Turbulent Fluxes
Authors: Arias-Arana D. , Fochesatto G. J. , Jimenez R. , Ojeda C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose the multivariate locally stationary wavelet (mvLSW) process to analyze surface turbulent fluxes in nonstationary atmospheric conditions. Using theoretical spectral characteristics, we generated synthetic data representing stationary and nonstationary turbulence time series. This data enables us to explore the impact of mesoscale atmospheric flows on the stationary microscale turbulence field and detect the spectral gap in the time-varying cospectra. Applying this approach to experimental data collected in Fairbanks, Alaska and Bogota, Colombia, we demonstrated the ability to detect cospectral gaps and compute bandwidth-limited turbulent fluxes arising from stationary components of the atmospheric flow. These findings underscore the importance of considering scale-dependent atmospheric forcing when comparing model and experimental data.
Impacts and influencing pathways of urbanization on carbon–water-energy-food nexus across Chinese cities
Authors: Li Chenggang , Liu Yong , Xu Zhenci , Zhao Gang , Bao Youhui , Cai Chengcheng , Lu Yu , Mao Yufeng , Wang Alexander Boxuan , Wu Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFood, water, energy and carbon (F-W-E-C), as important factors of urban development, have synergistic effects and trade-off effects with each other. Scientifically assessing the impact of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus is beneficial to optimize the urban development layout and achieve the sustainable urban development. Nevertheless, extant studies have not evaluated the impact and influencing pathways of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus. In this study, the Coupling Coordination Degree Model is used to explore the F-W-E-C nexus of 252 prefecture-level cities in China. The panel data model and mediating effect model are utilized to study the impact of urbanization on the F-W-E-C nexus and the impact pathways. This study finds that the F-W-E-C nexus across Chinese cities is weak trade-off. The urbanization promotes the synergy of F-W-E-C. The positive impact is greater in the central cities than in the eastern and western cities, and is greater in medium-sized cities than in small cities, large cities and above. The technological progress is an important pathway of urbanization impacting the F-W-E-C nexus, and assists urbanization to generate a positive influence on the F-W-E-C nexus. This research has implications for promoting a systematic, orderly, and rational coordination development of F-W-E-C and for sustainable urbanization development in China and the world.