bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of an online mental health and suicide gatekeeper resource for parents and caregivers: study protocol
Authors: Calear Alison L , McCallum Sonia M , Kazan Dominique , Torok Michelle , Werner-Seidler Aliza , O'Dea Bridianne , Morse Alyssa , Farrer Louise , Shand Fiona , Batterham Philip J 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionRates of help-seeking for mental disorders and suicide are low among children and adolescents. Parents are viewed as gatekeepers for their care, yet they may lack the knowledge and skills to identify needs or facilitate service access. The primary aim is to test the effect of a new gatekeeper resource for parents and caregivers on their self-efficacy to recognise, respond and access support for mental health problems and suicide risk in their child.Methods and analysisA two-arm randomised controlled trial will compare an online mental health and suicide gatekeeper resource for parents and caregivers to a waitlist control. Australian parents of children aged 5–17 years recruited through social media and community advertising will participate in an online trial. Participants randomised to the intervention condition will be emailed the resource to work through at their own pace. The resource consists of three sections providing parents and caregivers with confidence, knowledge and skills to recognise and respond to mental health problems and suicide risk in their child, as well as support them in accessing professional help. The primary outcome measure is self-efficacy to recognise, respond and provide support for mental health problems and suicide risk, while secondary outcomes include perceived knowledge, stigma, literacy, help-seeking attitudes, intentions and barriers. Data will be collected at preintervention, postintervention (4 weeks after accessing the resource) and 12-week follow-up. Primary analyses will compare changes in self-efficacy in the intervention condition relative to the waitlist control using mixed-model repeated measures analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe ethical aspects of the study were approved by the Australian National University Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol 2023/195). If effective, the resource will fill an important gap in resources for parents, with the potential for dissemination through school groups, community organisations and clinical settings.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12623000933651.
Factors influencing physical activity in individuals with head and neck cancer: a scoping review
Authors: Schmocker Martina , Engst Ramona , Wirz Markus , Bana Marika 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesHigher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with better quality of life in people with head and neck cancer (HNC). Despite this positive association, most individuals with these cancer types have a sedentary or low-activity lifestyle. Limited knowledge exists regarding the factors that influence PA in this group. Therefore, we reviewed and mapped the available literature on factors that may influence PA in people with HNC.DesignWe conducted a scoping review based on the framework of Arksey and O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline extension for scoping reviews.Data sourcesCINHAL, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2023.Eligibility criteriaWe included qualitative and quantitative studies that stated factors such as barriers, facilitators, beliefs, perceptions and views influencing PA in individuals with HNC. Furthermore, views and recommendations of healthcare professionals involved in the care of people affected by HNC and researchers in this domain were eligible for data extraction.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted and synthesised by one reviewer according to the predefined items including characteristics, barriers, facilitators, beliefs, perceptions and views of people being affected and views and recommendations of experts. Quantitative data were charted descriptively, and qualitative data were analysed and summarised using a basic content analysis approach.ResultsOf the 1351 publications, we included 19 in our review. Publications mainly focused on barriers to PA, with some studies reporting facilitators and collecting data on patients’ and healthcare professionals’ views on PA. Most research teams made recommendations for promoting PA in people with HNC.Characteristics associated with activity levels included age, cancer type and stage, morbidity level and attitude towards being active. Prevalent barriers consisted of health-related factors, including fatigue, pain and nutritional issues, alongside personal and environmental impediments such as time constraints, lack of interest or motivation. Facilitating factors for PA included perceived or experienced mental and health-related benefits. Consensus among patients, healthcare professionals and researchers highlighted the necessity for enhanced information and education, emphasising individualised approaches to promote PA throughout the cancer continuum.ConclusionsNumerous factors affect PA in individuals with HNC. Future research should concentrate on screening and addressing risk factors for sedentary behaviour and activity barriers and on optimal design and delivery of interventions to incorporate PA promotion into the care pathway.
Development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire for the assessment of depression in primary care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Teusen Clara , Bühner Markus , Hapfelmeier Alexander , von Schrottenberg Victoria , Linde Klaus , Gensichen Jochen , Schneider Antonius 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo develop a new questionnaire for the diagnostic assessment of depression adapted to the primary care setting by combining psychiatric criteria and heuristics of general practitioners (GPs). Psychometric evaluation of the new questionnaire and first validity evidence.DesignThe questionnaire was developed using cognitive interviews with think-aloud technique. Factorial validity was then examined in a cross-sectional study.SettingPrimary care. Five general practices in Bavaria, Germany.Participants15 GPs, 4 psychiatrists/psychotherapists and 13 patients participated in cognitive expert interviews. A primary care sample of N=277 consecutive patients participated in the cross-sectional study.MethodsAfter consultation with experts and literature research, the questionnaire contained a self-rating part for patients and an external part for GPs. Items were then iteratively optimised using cognitive interviews. Factorial validity was examined. To estimate internal consistency, Cronbach’s α was calculated. Validity was assessed by correlating the new questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).ResultsThe preliminary version of the two-part ‘Questionnaire for the assessment of DEpression SYmptoms in Primary Care’ (DESY-PC) comprised 52 items for patients (DESY-PAT-1: questions about patient’s environment; DESY-PAT-2: questions about depression-specific symptoms) and 21 items for GPs (DESY-GP). The analysis of the DESY-PAT-1 revealed a one-factor solution (‘environmental factors’) with Cronbach’s α of 0.55. The items of the DESY-PAT-2 were assigned to three factors, ‘depressive cognitions’, ‘suicidality’ and ‘symptoms of fatigue’, with Cronbach’s α of 0.86, 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. Factorial analysis revealed two factors for the DESY-GP: ‘depression symptoms’ and ‘medical history/external factors’. Cronbach’s α was 0.90 and 0.59, respectively. After factorial analysis, the DESY-PAT was reduced to 28 items, and the DESY-GP was reduced to 15 items. Correlations of the DESY-PC with the PHQ-9 were high and significant, indicating convergent validity.ConclusionsThe new questionnaire represents an innovative extension of depression questionnaires and could be particularly suitable for general practices.
Cohort profile: migraine exposures and cardiovascular health in Hong Kong Chinese women (MECH-HK)
Authors: Yang Qingling , Sun Qi , Loke Alice Yuen , Hao Chun , Wang Harry Haoxiang , Qin Jing , Yang Lin , Xie Yao Jie 
Published: July 2024

PurposeEvidence about the associations of migraine features with cardiovascular risk profiles in Chinese population is lacking. The Migraine Exposures and Cardiovascular Health in Hong Kong Chinese Women (MECH-HK) cohort was constructed to investigate longitudinal migraine features and their cardiovascular implications in Hong Kong Chinese women.ParticipantsWe enrolled 4221 Hong Kong Chinese women aged 30 years or above from October 2019 to December 2020. Demographics, reproductive information, lifestyle factors, disease history, blood lipids and glucose, anthropometrics and body compositions were measured during baseline and follow-up. Migraine diagnosis followed the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 criteria. Migraine features were longitudinally tracked using a migraine diary and summarised by a wide range of epidemiological metrics. Cardiovascular health was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS).Findings to dateFrom October 2021 to June 2023, 3455 women completed the first follow-up measurement. The retention rate was 81.9%. The average age at baseline was 54.40 years. The mean blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 6.44 mmol/L, 65.06 mg/dL and 102.40 mg/dL, respectively. The average FRS was 0.06. Participants had a 10.3% prevalence of migraine or probable migraine. After 1.27 years of follow-up, the median migraine attack frequency was 0.99 attacks/month, with an incidence rate of 2.55 attacks/person-month and a median duration of 7.70 hours/attack. Sleep problems (64.7%) and stress (54.0%) were the top triggers, while prevalent accompanying symptoms were nausea (67.4%), photophobia (39.9%), phonophobia (30.0%) and vomiting (26.2%). Migraine auras included blurred visions (59.6%), flashing lights (41.3%), blind spots (33.0%), pins and needles (6.4%) and halo (1.8%).Future plansThe follow-up for the cohort will be implemented every 2 years. MECH-HK will provide unique longitudinal data on migraine features in Hong Kong women. The linkage between migraine features and cardiovascular disease risk progression will be identified by a long-term observation.
Consumption of sugary beverages, genetic predisposition and the risk of depression: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Yanchun , Yang Hongxi , Sheng Baihe , Zhou Lihui , Li Dun , Zhang Mengnan , Wang Yaogang 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe associations between sugary beverages and genetic predisposition to depression risk remain unclear.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and natural juices (NJs) with depression and to assess whether these associations were modified by genetic predisposition.MethodsWe used data from the UK Biobank of 180 599 individuals aged 39–72 years who were depression-free at baseline. Dietary intake of SSBs, ASBs and NJs was accessed by a 24-hour dietary recall between 2009 and 2012. The Polygenic Risk Score for depression was estimated and categorised as low (lowest tertile), intermediate (tertile 2) and high (highest tertile). Cox proportional hazard and substitution models were conducted to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.ResultsOver the 12-year follow-up, 4915 individuals developed depression. Higher consumption (>2 units/day) of SSBs (HR: 1.26, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.43) and ASBs (HR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.60) were both associated with an increased risk of depression. However, moderate consumption (>0–1 units/day) of NJs was associated with a lower risk of depression (HR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.95). Furthermore, genetic predisposition did not modify these associations (p interaction>0.05). In substitution models, the HRs for depression risk were 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.99) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.94), respectively, when 1 unit/day of SSBs or ASBs was replaced by an equivalent intake of NJs.ConclusionsHigher consumption of SSBs and ASBs was associated with an increased risk of depression; in contrast, moderate consumption of NJs was inversely associated with a lower risk of depression. In theory, substituting SSBs and ASBs with NJs would suppose a reduction of depression risk.
Estimating cancer risk in carriers of Lynch syndrome variants in UK Biobank
Authors: Fummey Eilidh , Navarro Pau , Plazzer John-Paul , Frayling Ian M , Knott Sara , Tenesa Albert 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundLynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by genetic variants affecting DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genesMLH1,MSH2,MSH6andPMS2. Cancer risk in LS is estimated from cohorts of individuals ascertained by individual or family history of cancer, which may upwardly bias estimates.Methods830 carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (path_MMR) MMR gene variants classified by InSiGHT were identified in 454 756 UK Biobank (UKB) participants using whole-exome sequence. Nelson-Aalen survival analysis was used to estimate cumulative incidence of colorectal, endometrial and breast cancer (BC).ResultsCumulative incidence of colorectal and endometrial cancer (EC) by age 70 years was elevated inpath_MMRcarriers compared with non-carriers (colorectal: 11.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.5% to 14.6%) vs 1.7% (95% CI: 1.6% to 1.7%), endometrial: 13.4% (95% CI: 10.2% to 17.6%) vs 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9% to 1.0%)), but the magnitude of this increase differed between genes. Cumulative BC incidence by age 70 years was not elevated inpath_MMRcarriers compared with non-carriers (8.9% (95% CI: 6.3% to 12.4%) vs 7.5% (95% CI: 7.4% to 7.6%)). Cumulative cancer incidence estimates in UKB were similar to estimates from the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database for all genes and cancers, except there was no evidence for elevated EC risk in carriers of pathogenicPMS2variants in UKB.ConclusionThese results support offering incidentally identified carriers of anypath_MMRsurveillance to manage colorectal cancer risk. Incidentally identified carriers of pathogenic variants inMLH1,MSH2andMSH6would also benefit from interventions to reduce EC risk. The results suggest that BC is not an LS-related cancer.
Assessment of automated TICI scoring during endovascular treatment in patients with an ischemic stroke
Authors: van der Sluijs P Matthijs , Su Ruisheng , Cornelissen Sandra , van Es Adriaan C G M , Lycklama a Nijeholt Geert J , van Doormaal Pieter Jan , van Zwam Wim H , Dippel Diederik W J , van Walsum T , van der Lugt Aad 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score is used in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to quantify reperfusion grade in patients with an ischemic stroke who undergo endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). A previously developed automatic TICI score (autoTICI), which quantifies the ratio of reperfused pixels after EVT, demonstrates good correlation with eTICI.ObjectiveTo evaluate the autoTICI model in a large multicenter registry of patients with an ischemic stroke, investigate the association with visual eTICI, and compare prediction of functional outcome between autoTICI and eTICI.MethodsPatients in the MR CLEAN Registry with an internal carotid artery, M1, and M2 occlusion were selected if both anteroposterior and lateral views were present in pre- and post-EVT DSA scans. The autoTICI score was compared with eTICI in predicting favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) with a multivariable logistic regression model including known prognostic characteristics.ResultsIn total 421 of 3637 patients were included. AutoTICI was significantly associated with eTICI non-linearly (below 70% cOR=2.3 (95% CI 2.1 to 2.5), above 70% cOR=1.6 (95% CI 1.6 to 1.7) per 10% increment). The AUC of the model predicting favorable functional outcome was similar for autoTICI and eTICI (0.86, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.92 vs 0.86, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.90, P=0.73) and was higher than for a model with prognostic patient characteristics alone (0.86 vs 0.84, P=0.01).ConclusionAutomatic quantitative assessment of reperfusion after EVT is associated with eTICI, and prediction of functional outcome is similar to that with visual eTICI. Therefore, autoTICI could be used as an alternative or additional review for visual reperfusion assessment to facilitate reproducible and uniform reporting.
Acute reversal of respiratory distress after a preoperative single-shot interscalene nerve block
Authors: Meulemans Robert J , Gerritse Bastiaan M 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundDiaphragmatic paresis is a known complication of the interscalene block used for postoperative analgesia in shoulder surgery. A technique involving the injection of normal saline through the interscalene catheter to alleviate this condition has shown promise. This method, termed the “washing-off” technique, dilutes the local anesthetic around the phrenic nerve, mitigating respiratory symptoms.Case presentationA 65-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification 4) was scheduled for arteriovenous brachiocephalic fistula creation under regional anesthesia. Following an interscalene block with 32 mL of mepivacaine 1.5%, the patient experienced acute respiratory distress, with SpO2at 88% despite 6 L O2via nasal cannula. To avoid intubation, a 20 mL normal saline injection was administered through single-shot interscalene injection under ultrasound guidance. Within 5 min, respiratory distress markedly improved, allowing the patient to converse. Surgery proceeded without complications, maintaining SpO2at 99% with 6 L O2. Postoperatively, the patient remained stable, with SpO2at 98% on 2 L O2, and was discharged from the recovery room without additional oxygen requirements.ConclusionsThe “washing-off” technique’s mechanism may involve dilutional effects, pH changes or local sodium concentration alterations affecting the phrenic nerve. This case demonstrates its effectiveness in an acute setting, enabling surgery under regional anesthesia without intubation or any additional analgesia. The previously considered placebo effect appears unlikely here.
The role of transport systems in housing insecurity: a mobility-based analysis
Authors: Iyer Nandini , Menezes Ronaldo , Barbosa Hugo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith trends of urbanisation on the rise, providing adequate housing to individuals remains a complex issue to be addressed. Often, the slow output of relevant housing policies, coupled with quickly increasing housing costs, leaves individuals with the burden of finding housing that is affordable and in a safe location. In this paper, we unveil how transit service to employment hubs, not just housing policies, can prevent individuals from improving their housing conditions. We approach this question in three steps, applying the workflow to 20 cities in the United States of America. First, we propose a comprehensive framework to quantify housing insecurity and assign a housing demographic to each neighbourhood. Second, we use transit-pedestrian networks and public transit timetables (GTFS feeds) to estimate the time it takes to travel between two neighbourhoods using public transportation. Third, we apply geospatial autocorrelation to identify employment hotspots for each housing demographic. Finally, we use stochastic modelling to highlight how commuting to areas associated with better housing conditions results in transit commute times of over an hour in 15 cities. Ultimately, we consider the compounded burdens that come with housing insecurity, by having poor transit access to employment areas. In doing so, we highlight the importance of understanding how negative outcomes of housing insecurity coincide with various urban mechanisms, particularly emphasising the role that public transportation plays in locking vulnerable demographics into a cycle of poverty.
Regulatory Considerations for Genome-Edited T-cell Therapies
Authors: Jadlowsky Julie K. , Chang Ju-fang , Spencer David H. , Warrington John M. , Levine Bruce L. , June Carl H. , Fraietta Joseph A. , Singh Nathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Methods to engineer the genomes of human cells for therapeutic intervention continue to advance at a remarkable pace. Chimeric antigen receptor–engineered T lymphocytes have pioneered the way for these therapies, initially beginning with insertions of chimeric antigen receptor transgenes into T-cell genomes using classical gene therapy vectors. The broad use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based technologies to edit endogenous genes has now opened the door to a new era of precision medicine. To add complexity, many engineered cellular therapies under development integrate gene therapy with genome editing to introduce novel biological functions and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Here, we review the current state of scientific, translational, and regulatory oversight of gene-edited cell products.
Fuzzified input data tuning for agriculture commodities price prediction
Authors: Hegde Girish , Hulipalled Vishwanath R. , Simha Jay B. 
Published: July 2024

<span lang="EN-US">The quality of the input data will typically affect the prediction accuracy. Preprocessing of data is commonly referred to as input data tuning. Tuning the input data is critical for projecting commodity prices. Anomalies or outliers are unavoidable in historical price data. To increase prediction and forecasting accuracy, it is necessary to find and correct outliers before training the prediction model. To correct the anomaly and increase prediction accuracy, the Fuzzified Input Data Tuning and Prediction algorithm proposed in this study. The identified outliers are corrected using the relevant fuzzy set value in this method. With outlier corrected data, we used Long Short-Term Memory and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average to anticipate tomato prices in Karnataka state. The result of the proposed algorithm is compared with the Sliding Window anomalies correction model, and without disposing of the outliers. The suggested algorithm, with 37.89%, performed better than Sliding Window with 40.08% and 43.11% Mean Absolute Percentage Error, respectively, and without outlier correction. The sensitivity analysis shows that the performance of the model is unaffected by the forecasting horizon. Finally, comparitive analysis peformed with previous research work, and the proposed model performed better.</span>
Cueing memory reactivation during NREM sleep engenders long-term plasticity in both brain and behaviour
Authors: Rakowska Martyna , Bagrowska Paulina , Lazari Alberto , Navarrete Miguel , Abdellahi Mahmoud E. A. , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Lewis Penelope A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Memory reactivation during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep is important for memory consolidation but it remains unclear exactly how such activity promotes the development of a stable memory representation. We used Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) in combination with longitudinal structural and functional MRI to track the impact of reactivating memories in one night of sleep over the next 20 days. Our exploratory analysis showed that such cued reactivation leads to increased precuneus activation 24 h post-TMR. Furthermore, the behavioural impact of cueing, which only emerged 20 days later, was predicted by both functional and structural TMR related changes in the sensorimotor cortex. These preliminary findings demonstrate that TMR leads to neuroplasticity, starting as early as 24 h after the manipulation, and evolving over the next few weeks.