bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with malnutrition among Chinese hospitalized patients: a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Wang Shu-an , Yang Jiayao , Bai Jiawang , Gu Jingyue , Luo Haolong , Zhang Xudong , Han Yan , Shao Jihong , Xu Yan , Guo Shuyan , Ren Xiangmei 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundSystemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is associated with increased risk in a wide range of illnesses. However, few studies have explored the associations between SII and the risk of malnutrition. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between SII and malnutrition in a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study involving Chinese hospitalized patients.DesignFrom August 2020 to August 2021, a total of 40,379 hospitalized patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed demographic data, diagnoses, as well as physical and laboratory examination results were recorded. The diagnosis of malnutrition was used with two distinct methods: the Malnutrition Screening Tool 2002 (NRS 2002) + Global Leaders Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score. The risk factors for malnutrition were analyzed using binary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Restricted cubic spline (RCS), linear spline, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were also used.ResultsThe prevalence of malnutrition diagnosed by the two methods was 13.4% and 14.9%, respectively. In the NRS 2002 + GLIM diagnostic model, lnSII showed statistical significance between the malnutrition and non-malnutrition group (6.28 ± 0.78 vs. 6.63 ± 0.97, p &lt; 0.001). A positive association was observed between higher SII and the risk of malnutrition in both before and after adjustment models compared to the first quartile (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.15–1.40; Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.67–2.00). However, a significant reduction in prevalence was observed when SII was in the second quartile (Q2 vs. Q1, OR &lt; 1), as indicated by a restricted cubic spline with a U trend (p for nonlinear &lt;0.001). According to the CONUT score, the prevalence of individuals with normal nutritional status decreased with increasing SII, while the occurrence of three different degrees of malnutrition generally increased. The Kappa value between the two diagnostic methods was 0.23, and the merged data observed an area under the ROC curve of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.714–0.742).ConclusionThe U-shaped association between SII and the prevalence of malnutrition was observed. Both lower and higher SII levels (either continuous or categorical variable) were significantly associated with an increased risk of malnutrition.
The association between diet and sleep with internalising symptoms in young athletes: a serial multiple mediation models
Authors: Gao Yun , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAthletes frequently experience anxiety and depression at rates similar to or higher than non-athletes. A balanced diet can alleviate athletes internalizing symptoms. Moreover, diet and sleep are all associated with internalising symptoms. Our study investigates how sleep quality mediates the impact of dietary habits on internalizing symptoms in athletes.MethodsThe current cross-sectional study involved 758 Chinese young athletes. The adapted Australian Athletes Diet Index was used to assess dietary patterns, and sleep was measured using the Athletes Sleep Screening Questionnaire. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine the mediating role of sleep quality in young athletes. Raw scores of chronotypes, sleep quality, anxiety and depression were calculated for the statistical analysis.ResultsNo significant indirect effects were found in adolescents. In adult athletes, diet mediated the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality (β = −0.028, p  &lt;  0.001). Sleep quality mediated the association between diet and anxiety (β = −0.060, p = 0.001), and depression (β = −0.076, p = 0.001). Additionally, diet and sleep quality mediated the association between chronotypes and anxiety (β = −0.028, p = 0.001), and depression (β = −0.028, p = 0.001).ConclusionSleep quality mediated the relationship between dietary patterns and internalising symptoms in young adult athletes. Additionally, diet and sleep quality mediated the association between chronotypes and internalising symptoms in young adult athletes.
The mediating role of metabolites between gut microbiome and Hirschsprung disease: a bidirectional two-step Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zhe , Gao Bingjun , Liu Xiao , Li Aiwu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundGut microbiome (GM) was observed to be associated with the incidence of Hirschsprung disease (HD). However, the effect and mechanism of GM in HD is still unclear. To investigate the relationship between GM and HD and the effect of metabolites as mediators, a bidirectional two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted.MethodsThe study selected instrument variables (IVs) from summary-level genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The MiBioGen consortium provided the GWAS data for GM, while the GWAS data for metabolites and HD were obtained from the GWAS Catalog consortium. Two-sample MR analyses were performed to estimate bidirectional correlations between IVs associated with GM and HD. Then, genetic variants related to 1,400 metabolite traits were selected for further mediation analyses using the Product method.ResultsThis study found that seven genus bacteria had a significant causal relationship with the incidence of HD but not vice versa. 27 metabolite traits were significantly correlated with HD. After combining the significant results, three significant GM-metabolites-HD lines have been identified. In the Peptococcus-Stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0)-HD line, the Stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0) levels showed a mediation proportion of 14.5%, while in the Peptococcus-lysine-HD line, the lysine levels had a mediation proportion of 12.9%. Additionally, in the Roseburia-X-21733-HD line, the X-21733 levels played a mediation proportion of 23.5%.ConclusionOur MR study indicates a protective effect of Peptococcus on HD risk that is partially mediated through serum levels of stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0) and lysine, and a risk effect of Roseburia on HD that is partially mediated by X-21733 levels. These findings could serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HD.
Yinqin Qingfei granules alleviate Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis
Authors: Song Zhe , Han Chengen , Luo Guangzhi , Jia Guangyuan , Wang Xiao , Zhang Baoqing 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a prevalent respiratory infectious disease in children. Given the increasing resistance of M. pneumoniae (MP) to macrolide antibiotics, the identification of new therapeutic agents is critical. Yinqin Qingfei granules (YQQFG), a Chinese patent medicine formulated specifically for pediatric MPP, lacks a clear explanation of its mechanism.MethodsThe primary components of YQQFG were identified using LC-MS/MS. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells infected with MP underwent morphological examination via scanning electron microscopy. Drug-containing serum was prepared, and its intervention concentration was determined using the CCK-8 assay. The active components of YQQFG were molecularly docked with NLRP3 protein using Autodock Vina software. A RAW264.7 cell line overexpressing NLRP3 was created using lentivirus to pinpoint the target of YQQFG. In vivo, MPP model mice were established via nasal instillation of MP. Lung damage was assessed by lung index and H&amp;E staining. Pyroptosis-associated protein levels in cells and lung tissue were measured by western blot, while interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in cell supernatants and mouse serum were quantified using ELISA. Immunofluorescence double staining of lung tissue sections was conducted to assess the correlation between NLRP3 protein expression and macrophages. The expression of the community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin (CARDS TX) was evaluated by qPCR.Results25 effective components with favorable oral bioavailability were identified in YQQFG. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that YQQFG substantially reduced the expression of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, decreasing the release of IL-1β and IL-18, and inhibited MP exotoxin. Molecular docking indicated strong affinity between most YQQFG components and NLRP3 protein. Lentivirus transfection and immunofluorescence double staining confirmed that YQQFG significantly suppressed NLRP3 expression in macrophages, outperforming azithromycin (AZM). The combination of YQQFG and AZM yielded the optimal therapeutic effect for MPP.ConclusionYQQFG mitigates inflammatory responses by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis, thereby ameliorating MP-induced acute lung injury. YQQFG serves as an effective adjunct and alternative medication for pediatric MPP treatment.
Population pharmacokinetics study of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients: a comparison between patients with or without liver cancer before surgery
Authors: Bai Haihong , Yun Juping , Wang Zihe , Ma Yingmin , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2024

Background and ObjectiveThe main challenge for immunosuppressive therapy using tacrolimus in liver transplantation is the considerable variability in its oral bioavailability and the narrow treatment range. Many population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models have been established to precisely estimate the PK variability of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients. However, it remains unclear whether there is a significant difference in the PK behavior of tacrolimus between patients with or without liver cancer before surgery. Therefore, we aimed to compare the differences of PK parameters and simulate exposures of tacrolimus between populations preoperatively diagnosed with liver cancer or not by PopPK modeling.MethodsIn total, 802 blood concentrations of tacrolimus from 196 patients (118 liver cancer and 78 non-liver-cancer samples) were included in this study. Demographic data and clinical parameters were integrated to perform a PopPK analysis using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. Potential covariates were evaluated by using a stepwise method. Goodness-of-fit plot and bootstrap were performed to assess the model stability and predictive performance. Simulations were introduced to optimize dosing regimens of both the liver cancer and non-liver-cancer groups according to the guidance.ResultsThe PK of tacrolimus was best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and linear elimination, with weight and direct bilirubin as the significant covariates. In the process of constructing the basic model, we tried to separately estimate the PK parameters in liver cancer and non-liver-cancer populations. The results showed that the PK parameters in the two populations were similar, and the individual variation in Ka in non-liver-cancer subjects was large. Hence, the final model did not distinguish between the two populations. Moreover, a minor increase of less than 10% was observed in the simulated exposure in the patients preoperatively diagnosed with liver cancer compared with that in non-liver-cancer groups.ConclusionThe established PopPK model was capable of optimizing tacrolimus dosing in whole populations who underwent liver transplantation. Although a minimal difference was found in tacrolimus exposure between the liver cancer and non-liver-cancer groups, more research is warranted to explore the differences between the two populations in the future, given the potential limitations of this study.
Residual swin transformer for classifying the types of cotton pests in complex background
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhu Jikui , Zhang Fengkui , Zhao Shijie , Liu Wei , He Ruohong , Dong Hongqiang , Hong Qingqing , Tan Changwei , Li Ping 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCotton pests have a major impact on cotton quality and yield during cotton production and cultivation. With the rapid development of agricultural intelligence, the accurate classification of cotton pests is a key factor in realizing the precise application of medicines by utilize unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), large application devices and other equipment.MethodsIn this study, a cotton insect pest classification model based on improved Swin Transformer is proposed. The model introduces the residual module, skip connection, into Swin Transformer to improve the problem that pest features are easily confused in complex backgrounds leading to poor classification accuracy, and to enhance the recognition of cotton pests. In this study, 2705 leaf images of cotton insect pests (including three insect pests, cotton aphids, cotton mirids and cotton leaf mites) were collected in the field, and after image preprocessing and data augmentation operations, model training was performed.ResultsThe test results proved that the accuracy of the improved model compared to the original model increased from 94.6% to 97.4%, and the prediction time for a single image was 0.00434s. The improved Swin Transformer model was compared with seven kinds of classification models (VGG11, VGG11-bn, Resnet18, MobilenetV2, VIT, Swin Transformer small, and Swin Transformer base), and the model accuracy was increased respectively by 0.5%, 4.7%, 2.2%, 2.5%, 6.3%, 7.9%, 8.0%.DiscussionTherefore, this study demonstrates that the improved Swin Transformer model significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of cotton pest detection compared with other classification models, and can be deployed on edge devices such as utilize unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), thus providing an important technological support and theoretical basis for cotton pest control and precision drug application.
“I don’t wanna die, but my brain insists that I should”: a big qualitative data approach to the lived experiences of suicidal thoughts
Authors: Marchionatti Lauro Estivalete , Amaral Rafael Ramos , Barcellos Camila , Duarte Samanta , Campello André Cardoso , Virtuoso Eduardo , Magalhães Pedro Vieira da Silva 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThere remains a dearth of knowledge concerning the phenomenology of suicidal thoughts, with research focusing on reasons for feeling suicidal rather than their mental expression. While clinical interviews remain the standard phenomenological approach, such exploration of lived experiences may prove challenging for this sensitive topic. As a complementary alternative, the use of naturally-occurring online data is opportune for capturing elaborations on tabooed phenomena.MethodsIn this phenomenological study, we present a thematic analysis on lived experiences of suicidal thoughts as spontaneously reported by non-identified users of a Reddit online board (r/Depression), collecting 668 posts using the search terms “suicidal ideation,” “suicidal thoughts,” and “suicide.” Codes were grouped into descriptive categories summarizing the properties of thoughts, their effects, and their relation to suicide. Then, an interpretative synthesis yielded global themes connecting salient meanings on the experience of suicidal thoughts.ResultsWith a long-term and recurring nature, thoughts of suicide appear in the form of vivid imagery and daydreaming’s, initially bringing relief to adverse feelings but eventually becoming conditioned and all-consuming. Rather than a wonderment, they are experienced as intrusive thoughts by people struggling to make meaning of their occurrence. When conciliating the presence of unwanted thoughts, users express intricate relations to wishing or not to die, as well as varying perceptions of control over actions or fear of suicidal behavior.DiscussionWith an innovative application of big qualitative data into phenomenological analysis, this study contributes to an initial characterization of suicidal thoughts, uncovering findings that are not contemplated into current conceptualizations of suicidality. The analysis is limited by a restricted context of posts and unknown demographics, and further research with clinical interviews is warranted for in-depth exploration of suicidal thoughts.
One-week inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a retrospective study
Authors: Cai Qing , Li Mengya , Li Guifeng , Xu Xin , Li Cheng , Li Qifang 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of one-week inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in patients without severe mental disorders in the real-world setting to answer the research question “Can inpatient CBT-I be abbreviated?”.MethodsIn this retrospective, single-group, pretest–posttest study, the clinical outcome data of 94 patients who underwent one-week inpatient CBT-I were collected. Self-report scale scores and hypnotic medication use were obtained at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up after therapy.ResultsCBT-I significantly improved insomnia severity (Z = −7.65, P &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.34), anxiety (Z = −6.23, P &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.02), depression (Z = −6.42, P &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.06), daytime sleepiness (Z = −2.40, P = 0.016, Cohen’s d = 0.35), and fatigue severity (Z = −5.54, P &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.88) and reduced hypnotic medication use (χ2 = 33.62, P &lt; 0.001). At the follow-up assessment, 58 patients (67.4%) had clinically meaningful changes in insomnia, and 51 patients (59.3%) met the criteria for insomnia remission.ConclusionThe results of this preliminary study imply that one-week inpatient CBT-I may be an effective intervention for the treatment of insomnia in patients without severe mental disorders.
Clinical features of COVID-19 infection in patients with myasthenia gravis: a real-world retrospective study
Authors: Li Hui-Ning , Xu Xiao-Na , Qin Ying-Hui , Liu Rui , Guo Wen-Yue , Huang Xiao-Yu , Fan Mo-Li , Zhang Lin-Jie , Qi Yuan , Zhang Chao , Yang Li , Shi Fu-Dong , Yang Chun-Sheng 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveWe investigated the risk factors associated with severe or critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection due to the Omicron variant in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and determined the potential effect of COVID-19 on myasthenic exacerbation during the Omicron pandemic.MethodsThis retrospective study included 287 patients with MG in Tianjin, China. Clinical data of the patients were collected using electronic questionnaires, databases, and clinical records.ResultsThe overall infection rate was 84.7%. Advanced age, comorbidities, generalized phenotype, and MG instability were drivers of COVID-19 severity, and post-COVID-19 myasthenic exacerbation. The concurrent use of a steroid-sparing agent did not affect COVID-19 susceptibility or severity. It did lower the risk of myasthenic exacerbation after COVID-19 infection. Patients with severe COVID-19 experienced myasthenic exacerbation earlier than patients with non-severe infection (p &lt; 0.001). The severity of COVID-19 (Hazards Ratio = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.41–6.54, p = 0.004) and the clinical phenotype (Hazards Ratio = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.63–6.63, p &lt; 0.001) emerged as independent risk factors for early MG exacerbation.ConclusionGenerally, patients with MG appear to be susceptible to the Omicron strains. Immunotherapy for MG did not increase COVID-19 susceptibility or severity. We do not advocate an immediate cessation of ongoing immunosuppressive treatments once a COVID-19 infection is diagnosed. Instead, a judicious evaluation of the risks and benefits, tailored to each individual, is recommended.
Spontaneous rupture of the plantar fascia: a case report
Authors: Venosa Michele , Romanini Emilio , Vitale Lorenzo , Logroscino Giandomenico 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe rupture of the plantar fascia is a rare but significant injury that predominantly affects athletes and individuals engaged in high-impact activities. Sudden increases in physical activity, direct trauma, corticosteroid injections, and chronic degeneration from plantar fasciitis can predispose individuals to rupture. It can involve a complete or partial tear of the plantar fascia fibers, leading to a loss of structural integrity and functional support. The tear may occur at the origin, mid-portion, or insertion of the fascia. Spontaneous ruptures of the plantar fascia (occurring without any predisposing factors) are rarely observed in clinical practice. No guidelines or other unequivocal recommendations are available for this pathological condition.MethodA healthy 35-year-old male who works in an office setting and is a recreational cyclist with a silent clinical anamnesis experienced a spontaneous rupture of the plantar fascia of the left foot with no history of trauma. He exhibited significant localized tenderness and swelling in the medial arch of the left foot with difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot. An MRI confirmed a partial rupture of the medial cord of the plantar fascia accompanied by surrounding inflammation. The patient underwent conservative treatment, which included rest, immobilization, physiotherapy (ultrasound therapy, high-power laser therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), rehabilitation, and a gradual return to activity.ResultsAt the 12-week follow-up, the patient reported a significant reduction in pain and marked improvement in functional mobility (as confirmed by VAS and Foot Function Index scores). Physical examination showed no tenderness, and the patient could bear full weight on the foot without discomfort. A follow-up ultrasound demonstrated complete resolution of the plantar fascia rupture and no residual inflammation.DiscussionThis case underscores the effectiveness of an integrated rehabilitative approach and provides a framework for managing similar cases in clinical practice.