bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of glutathione on 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate cytotoxicity and on resin–dentine bond strength
Authors: Nassar M. , Hiraishi N. , Islam M. S. , Tamura Y. , Otsuki M. , Kasugai S. , Ohya K. , Tagami J. , Tay F. R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of reduced glutathione (GSH) application on 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) cytotoxicity on rat pulpal cells and evaluate the effect of etched‐dentine treatment with GSH on the immediate microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of etch‐and‐rinse adhesive.MethodologyThe cytotoxicity of 10 mmol L−1 HEMA, 10 mmol L−1 HEMA + 1 mmol L−1 GSH, 10 mmol L−1 HEMA + 5 mmol L−1 GSH and 10 mmol L−1 HEMA + 10 mmol L−1 GSH was compared (6 h and 24 h). Cells viability was measured by means of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, followed by morphological observation of cells. Etched‐dentine surfaces were rinsed and treated with one of the following solutions: 2% GSH, 5% GSH or 10% GSH, bonded with Adper Single Bond Plus (3M, ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and restored with resin composite. The control group received no GSH treatment. After 1 day of water‐storage at 37 °C, the specimens were subjected to μTBS testing. Cytotoxicity and μTBS data were analysed by one‐way anova and Tukey post hoc tests (P < 0.05).ResultsThere were significant differences between the groups. HEMA elicited a remarkable toxic effect. 10 mmol L−1 GSH prevented HEMA‐induced damage at both exposure times. Whilst 5 mmol L−1 GSH lost its protective effect at 24‐h exposure time and 1 mmol L−1 GSH showed no protective effect at both exposure times, GSH had no significant effect on the immediate μTBS; however, 5% GSH had higher bond strength value when compared to 10% GSH (P = 0.003).ConclusionControlled concentrations of GSH had a protective effect against HEMA cytotoxicity. GSH had neither positive nor negative influence on μTBS.
Development of Hydrothermally Synthesized Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Metallic Substrates and Weibull's Reliability Analysis of its Shear Strength
Authors: Yang Chung‐Wei 
Published: October 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Mg‐substituted HA coatings were synthesized on Mg‐9Al‐1Zn and Ti‐6Al‐4V by the hydrothermal process. Grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffractograms showed the formation of calcium–magnesium–phosphate is resulted from the substitution of Mg2+‐ions into HA crystal. The chemical state of Mg2+‐ions in Mg‐substituted HA coatings was examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The shear test results showed the Mg‐substituted HA coatings deposited on Mg‐9Al‐1Zn have higher shear strength than those coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4V. The Weibull model provided a powerful statistical method for assessing failure mechanism of hydrothermal coatings, which is attributed to a wear‐out failure model with a Weibull modulus m > 3.
Effect of Nigella sativa oil on postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation
Authors: Sahbaz Ahmet , Ersan Firat , Aydin Serdar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimWe aim to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation in female rats. This experimental study is the first on the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation by NSO.MethodsTwenty‐four Wistar albino female rats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight rats each. Rats in group 1 were each injected i.p. with 1 mL of NSO. In group 2, an adhesion model was created with no injection of NSO. In group 3, an adhesion model was created and the area was covered with 1 mL of NSO. The rats were killed on postoperative day 8, and the severity of adhesions was evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in adhesion scores between group 2 (control) and group 3 (NSO‐treated) (P = 0.003). Statistically significant differences in angiogenesis, fibrosis and inflammation were observed between the control and Nigella sativa groups (P = 0.002, P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionCovering peritoneal surfaces with NSO after peritoneal trauma is effective in decreasing peritoneal adhesion formation.
The effects of glucose and lipids in steatotic and non‐steatotic livers in conditions of partial hepatectomy under ischaemia‐reperfusion
Authors: Mendes‐Braz Mariana , Elias‐Miró Maria , Kleuser Burkhard , Fayyaz Susann , Jiménez‐Castro Mónica B. , Massip‐Salcedo Marta , Gracia‐Sancho Jordi , Ramalho Fernando S. , Rodes Juan , Peralta Carmen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSteatosis is a risk factor in partial hepatectomy (PH) under ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R), which is commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding. Nutritional support strategies, as well as the role of peripheral adipose tissue as energy source for liver regeneration, remain poorly investigated.AimsTo investigate whether the administration of either glucose or a lipid emulsion could protect steatotic and non‐steatotic livers against damage and regenerative failure in an experimental model of PH under I/R. The relevance of peripheral adipose tissue in liver regeneration following surgery is studied.MethodsSteatotic and non‐steatotic rat livers were subjected to surgery and the effects of either glucose or lipid treatment on damage and regeneration, and part of the underlying mechanisms, were investigated.ResultsIn non‐steatotic livers, treatment with lipids or glucose provided the same protection against damage, regeneration failure and ATP drop. Adipose tissue was not required to regenerate non‐steatotic livers. In the presence of hepatic steatosis, lipid treatment, but not glucose, protected against damage and regenerative failure by induction of cell cycle, maintenance of ATP levels and elevation of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate/ceramide ratio and phospholipid levels. Peripheral adipose tissue was required for regenerating the steatotic liver but it was not used as an energy source.ConclusionLipid treatment in non‐steatotic livers provides the same protection as that afforded by glucose in conditions of PH under I/R, whereas the treatment with lipids is preferable to reduce the injurious effects of liver surgery in the presence of steatosis.
Novel inhibitory function of miR‐125b in melanogenesis
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Han , Bin Bum‐Ho , Kim Juewon , Dong Son Eui , Park Phil June , Choi Hyunjung , Kim Beom Joon , Yu Seok Jong , Kang Hyojin , Kang Hak Hee , Cho Eun‐Gyung , Lee Tae Ryong 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMicroRNAs are known to be the important regulators of skin physiology and considered as new therapeutic targets to treat skin diseases. In this study, miR‐125b was identified as a potent regulator of steady‐state melanogenesis. We found that the expression of miR‐125b was inversely related to pigment levels. A miR‐125b mimic decreased the expression of pigmentation‐related gene and melanin content, implying that miR‐125b functions to decrease pigmentation. Moreover, we observed that the reduction in miR‐125b expression in pigmented cells was at least partially due to the hypermethylation of the MIR125B‐1 promoter, and miR‐125b expression was regulated by intracellular cAMP levels.
Complexes of Chlorin e6 with Pluronics and Polyvinylpyrrolidone: Structure and Photodynamic Activity in Cell Culture
Authors: Zhiyentayev Timur M. , Boltaev Umed T. , Solov'eva Anna B. , Aksenova Nadezhda A. , Glagolev Nickolay N. , Chernjak Alexander V. , Melik‐Nubarov Nickolay S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolymeric carriers are extensively used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for increase of efficacy of photosensitizers. Here, we report the influence of nine Pluronic copolymers on phototoxicity of chlorin e6 (Ce6), in particular 5‐ to 7‐fold rise in the phototoxicity caused by hydrophilic Pluronics F127, F108, F68 and F87 and practically no influence on Ce6 of more hydrophobic polymers. The revealed value of 0.2 mg mL−1 of Pluronic F127 concentration sufficient for half‐of‐maximal increase of Ce6 photodynamic activity proved to be close to 0.16 mg mL−1 inherent in well‐documented carrier poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The dissociation constants of Ce6 complexes with Pluronic F127 and PVP that were estimated from UV spectra were 0.252 and 0.036 mg mL−1, respectively, indicating higher stability of Ce6 complex with PVP. According to the results of 1H‐NMR studies of Ce6 complexes, the porphyrin interacts not only with hydrophobic regions but also with hydrophilic sides of both polymers.
Use of prednisolone as monotherapy in the treatment of feline pemphigus foliaceus: a retrospective study of 37 cats
Authors: Simpson Deborah L. , Burton Gregory G. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundPrednisone doses of up to 8 mg/kg/day have been used to treat feline pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Oral prednisolone has more favourable pharmacokinetics in cats than prednisone; therefore, lower doses of prednisolone may be effective in treating feline PF.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess the dose of prednisolone required to induce and maintain remission of PF in cats.AnimalsThirty‐seven client‐owned cats with a diagnosis of PF treated with prednisolone monotherapy for induction of remission.MethodsA retrospective analysis of records of a veterinary dermatology referral practice between the years of 1995 and 2013 was carried out. History, clinical signs, cytological and/or histopathological findings, lack of response to antimicrobials, absence of fungal hyphae on periodic acid Schiff staining and/or negative fungal culture and positive response to immunosuppressive therapy were used to confirm the diagnosis. Cats were included in the study if prednisolone was used as the monotherapy induction protocol.ResultsComplete remission was achieved within 8 weeks in 97% of cats with a median induction dose of 2 mg/kg prednisolone daily. In cats requiring ongoing treatment, 67% were maintained in remission with prednisolone monotherapy. The median maintenance dose was 1.2 mg/kg/week. In 14% of cats, medication was eventually discontinued.Conclusions and clinical importanceDaily prednisolone at 2 mg/kg is an effective dose for inducing remission of PF in cats. Adverse effects were uncommon with this dose. In a small population, permanent remission may be induced. Secondary bacterial overgrowth and exudate in claw folds resolved in all cases with immunosuppressive therapy; therefore, antimicrobial therapy may be unnecessary.
Forensic Analysis of an Accidental Firearm Discharge due to a Blow to an Exposed Hammer Spur
Authors: Knox Michael A. 
Published: October 2013

While firearms designers have for many decades explored ways to prevent the accidental discharge of firearms that are dropped or that otherwise impact another object, such discharges continue to occur, sometimes resulting in injury or death. Although there are a multitude of mechanisms that can cause a drop fire, one particularly dangerous situation is that of a blow to an exposed hammer spur in a firearm with the hammer down on a chambered live round. In some firearms, a drop of only a few inches has been shown to result in a discharge.
This paper will present examination and testing methods for the forensic engineer evaluating cases involving actual or alleged discharges of firearms due to a blow to the hammer spur. Examination of the firearm, mechanical function of safety mechanisms, and evaluation of primer indents will be discussed. Experimental results will be presented, along with an actual case study involving hammer spur discharges of the pre-1984 Winchester Model 94 rifle. Design factors that have been employed as a means of preventing such discharges will also be explored.
Flow Behavior of a Centrifugal Compressor With Vaneless Diffuser at Design and Off Design Conditions
Authors: Gao Chuang , Huang Weiguang , Liu Haiqing , Zhang Hongwu , Shi Jundang 
Published: October 2013

This paper concerns with the numerical and experimental aspects of both steady and unsteady flow behavior in a centrifugal compressor with vaneless diffuser and downstream collector. Specifically, the appearance of flow instabilities i.e., rotating stall and surge is investigated in great detail.
As the first step, the static performance of both stage and component was analyzed and possible root cause of system surge was put forward based on the classic stability theory. Then the unsteady pressure data was utilized to find rotating stall and surge in frequency domain which could be classified as mild surge and deep surge. With the circumferentially installed transducers at impeller inlet, backward travelling waves during stall ramp could be observed. The modes of stall waves could be clearly identified which is caused by impeller leading edge flow recirculation at Mu = 0.96. However, for the unstable flow at Mu = 1.08, the system instability seems to be caused by reversal flow in vaneless diffuser where the pressure oscillation was strongest. Thus steady numerical simulation were performed and validated with the experimental performance data. With the help of numerical analysis, the conjectures are proved.
Geometrical Coupling Analysis to Reduce Complete Assembly Line Complexity
Authors: Edholm Peter , Lindkvist Lars , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: October 2013

Modern assembly lines for mass production need to fulfill several important criteria. One of them is to produce products with high geometrical quality (small geometric variation). For sheet metal assemblies, focused on in this paper, it is a very complex process to achieve good geometrical quality due to the large number of assembly steps and the geometrical variation (tolerances) of the incoming parts. One “golden rule” for sheet metal assembly lines is to always reuse fixturing points (locators) throughout the whole assembly line to minimize the geometrical variation and also the complexity of root cause analysis.
A new method to measure the complexity in an assembly line has been developed and also implemented in a commercial software for Computer Aided Tolerancing. This new tool not only demonstrates the “golden rule” but could also be used to ensure minimum geometrical complexity in assembly lines to ensure controlled production and high quality products.
Retracted: “Evaluation of Cam Shaft Profile Form Error by an Electronic Height Gauge” [ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 3: Design, Materials and Manufacturing, Parts A, B, and C, Houston, Texas, USA, November 9-15, 2012, Conference Sponsors: ASME, ISBN: 978-0-7918-4519-6, Copyright © 2012 by ASME. Paper No. IMECE2012-85789, pp. 1481-1486; 6 pages; doi: 10.1115/IMECE2012-85789]
Authors: ASME  
Published: October 2013

The above referenced paper has been removed from publication. April 22, 2015.
Copyright© 2015 by ASME
Sensitivity Analysis of Dynamics System in the Upper Limb Movement Control
Authors: Chen Kai , Foulds Richard A. 
Published: October 2013

The dependence of muscle force on muscle length gives rise to a “spring–like” behavior which has been shown to play an important role during human movement.
Neville Hogan (Hogan, 1985) proposed a mathematical model in terms of impedance control of arm movement. Discussing this work, Dr. Hogan admits that it can not effectively model all aspects of the performance of the system. He said “Controlling the complete dynamic behavior of the limb may be beyond the capacity of the central nervous system. If the disturbance is sufficiently abrupt, then, because of the inevitable transmission delays, continuous intervention based on neural feedback information will not be a feasible method of modulating these quantities.”. However, the model proposed in this study, accomplished most the work which Hogan believed was not feasible. In order to validate the result of proposed model, this study perform sensitivity analysis between the results produced by the dynamics system and the results measured, the comparison showed the difference between these two results were less than 10%, which strongly support the idea that proposed dynamic model can accurately reflect dynamics system in the upper limb movement control.
Low Velocity Impact Damage on CFRPs: A Parametric Study
Authors: Hundekari R. , Gururaja S. 
Published: October 2013

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) are extensively used in modern aircraft structures due to their high specific strength and stiffness properties. Upon impact by the foreign objects, the strength and stiffness of CFRP structures reduces drastically which is of major concern for aircraft designers since aircraft structures often witness sudden impact events during their life cycle. Typical impact events include tool drop during manufacturing and maintenance, runway debris during take-offs/landings or bird strike events. In particular, low velocity impact (LVI) events have been found to be specially detrimental to the load-carrying capability of aero-structures. It is therefore very important to characterize the loss of strength and stiffness accompanying such impacts on composite structures.
The present work presents an idealized problem of LVI on a square CFRP plate using a spherical impactor. A parametric study has been carried out to investigate the behaviour of CFRP plate under varying impactor velocity, size, laminate thickness and stacking sequence. Impact damage initiation data has been developed for the parameters considered using the numerical framework developed for LVI. It is believed that the numerical simulations discussed in this paper will help aircraft designers to predict the response of different laminate systems under various impact scenarios and will guide them to choose appropriate material system.
Investigation on the Rotordynamics of a Rotor System With Air Film Damper (AFD)
Authors: Zhang Zhenbo , Wang Hong , Tong Xiaolong , Ma Yanhong , Hong Jie 
Published: October 2013

The flexible rotor systems are widely applied in the modern aero-engines which causes large radial displacement when passing through the bending mode. The vibration will develop after a long time working which may cause the rubbing between the stator and the rotor. Therefore, more effective damping should be introduced into the rotor system in order to control the vibration of the rotor system. In this paper, a novel air film damper (AFD) with metal rubber (MR) as an elastic outer ring is put forward as a supporting and damping component for rotor systems, which can not only provide effective additional stiffness and damping for rotor systems generated by the air film and metal rubber, but also adjust the clearance between the stator and rotor automatically due to the motion of MR in order to avoid the rubbing effectively.
The mechanical model that explains the mechanism of AFD is established by describing the fluid structure interactions based on the motion of the components in AFD in a steady-state. The motion equation of the rotor system with AFD is constructed and the rotordynamic coefficients of the rotor system were obtained. The effects of AFD on the rotordynamic were analyzed. A test rig was constructed to verify the mechanism of AFD and the effects on the rotordynamics of the rotor system. The theoretical and experimental results identify that AFD can provide effective damping and additional stiffness for the rotor system and improve the rotordynamics of a rotor system significantly.
Microfabrication of Single-Cell Scale Sample Holder for Scanning Thermal Analysis
Authors: Compton Logan M. , Armes James L. , Solbrekken Gary L. 
Published: October 2013

Successful cryopreservation protocols have been developed for a limited number of cell types through an extensive amount of experimentation. To optimize current protocols and to develop more effective protocols for a larger range of cells and tissues it is imperative that accurate transport models be developed for the cooling process. Such models are dependent on the thermodynamic properties of intracellular and extracellular solutions, including heat capacity, latent heat, and the physical phase change temperatures. Scanning techniques, such as differential-scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), are effective tools for measuring those thermodynamic properties.
Conventional thermal scanning tools require sample sizes that are multi-celled in nature. An issue with tools that require multiple cells is that the measurements effectively average the behavior of the cell sample, masking individual cell behavior. Further, extracellular solution further dismisses the desired measurement signal. It is hypothesized that evaluating thermodynamic properties of individual cells will allow more fundamental understanding of cell-level transport, and lead to more effective cryopreservation protocols.
To detect a phase change within a prototypical mouse oocyte cell (∼100 μm diameter) sample holders for the scanning tools must be on the same order of size as the cell to reduce the relative thermal mass of the sample holder and to ultimately improve the measurement sensitivity. A proof-of-concept DTA sample holder with a ‘bowl’ to cradle the cell has been designed and fabricated using micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing techniques. Control software has been developed which is capable of providing any desired heating or cooling profile within a humidity controlled environment. Repeatable scans using water samples have been demonstrated.
Development of a Graphical User Interface for Design of Thin Curved Beams
Authors: Navaee Shahnam 
Published: October 2013

The problem of nonlinear bending of beams has been of special interest to many engineering mechanics researchers through the years. In the presented paper, the development of an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) module for investigating large deflections of circular shaped flexible beams subjected to an end concentrated load is discussed. The numerical computations in the developed module are performed using various special tools available in MATLAB. The module employs the GUIDE (Graphical User Interface Development Environment) feature of this software package to allow the user to interactively prescribe various beam and loading parameters to generate the output in the desired form. Even though MATLAB is widely used in many educational institutions and corporations all across the world, the utility of the GUIDE feature of this powerful tool is relatively unrecognized or underutilized. The developed module can serve as an effective and invaluable tool for the design of flexible beams.
In an earlier paper of the author published in the proceedings of the 2009 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE), the development of a toolkit created using LabVIEW for determining multiple equilibriums configurations of straight cantilever beams subjected to inclined end loads were discussed. The present paper additionally compares and contrasts some of various important features of these two premier engineering software tools (MATLAB & LabVIEW) while presenting the solution for this new problem. The paper can be of special interest not only to the researchers specifically interested in the problem of large deformations of flexible structural components, but also to those searching to find a perfect tool to investigate other class of engineering problems.