bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA metabarcoding of insects and allies: an evaluation of primers and pipelines
Authors: Brandon-Mong G.-J. , Gan H.-M. , Sing K.-W. , Lee P.-S. , Lim P.-E. , Wilson J.-J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMetabarcoding, the coupling of DNA-based species identification and high-throughput sequencing, offers enormous promise for arthropod biodiversity studies but factors such as cost, speed and ease-of-use of bioinformatic pipelines, crucial for making the leapt from demonstration studies to a real-world application, have not yet been adequately addressed. Here, four published and one newly designed primer sets were tested across a diverse set of 80 arthropod species, representing 11 orders, to establish optimal protocols for Illumina-based metabarcoding of tropical Malaise trap samples. Two primer sets which showed the highest amplification success with individual specimen polymerase chain reaction (PCR, 98%) were used for bulk PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The sequencing outputs were subjected to both manual and simple metagenomics quality control and filtering pipelines. We obtained acceptable detection rates after bulk PCR and high-throughput sequencing (80–90% of input species) but analyses were complicated by putative heteroplasmic sequences and contamination. The manual pipeline produced similar or better outputs to the simple metagenomics pipeline (1.4 compared with 0.5 expected:unexpected Operational Taxonomic Units). Our study suggests that metabarcoding is slowly becoming as cheap, fast and easy as conventional DNA barcoding, and that Malaise trap metabarcoding may soon fulfill its potential, providing a thermometer for biodiversity.
Limits to the host range of the highly polyphagous tephritid fruit flyAnastrepha ludensin its natural habitat
Authors: Birke A. , Acosta E. , Aluja M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAnastepha ludens(Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous fruit fly that is able to develop in a wide range of hosts. Understanding the limits of this pest's host range could provide valuable information for pest management and plant breeding for pest resistance. Previous studies have shown that guavas (Psidium guajava(Myrtaceae) L.), are not attacked under natural conditions byA. ludens. To understand this phenomenon, guavas were exposed to natural infestation byA. ludensand to other fruit fly species that infest guavas in nature (Anastrepha striataSchiner,Anastepha fraterculus(Wiedemann),Anastepha obliqua(Macquart)). Once the susceptible phenological stage of guavas was determined, fruit infestation levels were compared betweenA. ludensandA. striata. Choice and non-choice tests were performed under field-cage conditions. Under field conditions, guavas were susceptible toA. striataandA. fraterculusattack all the way from when fruit was undeveloped to when fruit began to ripen. No infestation byA. ludenswas recorded under natural conditions. Similar results were obtained when forced exposures were performed, indicating that unripe guavas were preferred byA. striataover ripe fruit, and that infestation rates were higher at early fruit maturity stages. Under forced oviposition conditions,A. ludenslarvae were unable to develop in unripe guavas but did so in fully ripe fruit. However,A. ludensfitness parameters were dramatically affected, exhibiting reduced survival and reduced pupal weight compared to conspecifics that developed in a natural host, grapefruit. We confirm thatP. guajavashould not be treated as a natural host of this pestiferous species, and suggest that both behavioral aspects and the fact that larvae are unable to adequately develop in this fruit, indeed represent clear limits toA. ludens's broad host range.
A TEXTUAL NOTE TO PLATO, GORGIAS 465a4
Authors: Romani Mistretta Marco 
Published: September 2015

Gorgias 465a2-7
τέχνην δὲ αὐτὴν οὔ φημι εἶναι ἀλλ’ ἐμπειρίαν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔχει λόγον οὐδένα ᾧ προσφέρει ἃ προσφέρει ὁποῖ’ ἄττα τὴν φύσιν ἐστίν, ὥστε τὴν αἰτίαν ἑκάστου μὴ ἔχειν εἰπεῖν. ἐγὼ δὲ τέχνην οὐ καλῶ ὃ ἂν ᾖ ἄλογον πρᾶγμα· τούτων δὲ πέρι εἰ ἀμφισβητεῖς, ἐθέλω ὑποσχεῖν λόγον.
Georges Florovsky's Monograph “Herzen's Philosophy of History”: The New Archival Material and the Reconstruction of the Full Text—ERRATUM
Authors: Gavrilyuk Paul 
Published: September 2015

Due to a Publisher's error, the article by Paul Gavrilyuk published in November 2013 via FirstView was duplicated in the April 2015 issue of Harvard Theological Review. The article should be cited using the doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0017816013000321.The publisher regrets the error.
The anthelmintic efficacy of natural plant cysteine proteinases against the equine tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliatain vitro
Authors: Mansur F. , Luoga W. , Buttle D.J. , Duce I.R. , Lowe A.E. , Behnke J.M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPapaya latex has been demonstrated to be an efficacious anthelmintic against murine, porcine, ovine and canine nematode parasites, and even those infecting poultry, and it has some efficacy against rodent cestodes. The active ingredients of papaya latex are known to be cysteine proteinases (CPs). The experiments described in this paper indicate that CPs in papaya latex, and also those in pineapples, are highly efficacious against the equine cestode Anoplocephala perfoliatain vitro, by causing a significant reduction in motility leading to death of the worms. The susceptibility of A. perfoliata to damage by CPs was considerably greater than that of the rodent cestodes Hymenolepis diminuta and H. microstoma. Our results are the first to report anthelmintic efficacy of CPs against an economically important equine helminth. Moreover, they provide further evidence that the spectrum of activity of CPs is not restricted to nematodes and support the idea that these plant-derived enzymes can be developed into useful broad-spectrum anthelmintics.
Sublingual dermoid cysts: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kyriakidou E , Howe T , Veale B , Atkins S 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground:Dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth are relatively uncommon developmental lesions. They are thought to arise in the midline and along the lines of embryonic fusion of the facial processes containing ectodermal tissue.Case report:A 17-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of a growing, progressive swelling in the mouth floor. Clinical examination revealed a rather large symmetrical, soft swelling in the mouth floor, displacing the tongue superiorly. The fast growing nature and size of the lesion raised suspicion of potential compromise to the airway. Surgical excision was therefore performed.Conclusion:Differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the floor of the mouth is of paramount importance, as the recommended surgical techniques vary depending on the anatomical position of the lesions. The intraoral approach is preferred for those lesions that do not extend beyond the mylohyoid muscle boundaries; this leads to a satisfactory cosmetic and functional outcome.
DRONES, TRANSFORMATION AND POLARITY IN ANNA THORVALDSDÓTTIR'S ORCHESTRAL MUSIC
Authors: Long Stephen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe music of Icelandic composer Anna Thorvaldsdóttir has been inspired by nature, not in a manner that results in specific pictorial evocation, but in the sense that her reflections on natural phenomenon are catalysts for explorations of a range of compositional polarities, including flow and stasis, stability and volatility, transparency and opacity, and expansion and contraction. Her observation of droning as a natural state has led to a dynamic creative use of drones that challenges and expands commonly held notions of their compositional potential. The article discusses their use, along with other compositional devices and processes, in the delineation of these polarities and the resulting formal structure of selected works for orchestra and chamber orchestra. These resources include disruption devices and morphing techniques that facilitate overlapping and transformation of layers of material. The particular compositional focus of each piece has led to fresh applications of these resources, imparting a distinct character to each piece and contributing to an ongoing renewal of the composer's compositional palette.
THE CASE FOR A BRITISH DARMSTADT
Authors: Smith Neil Thomas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe problematic relationship between UK composers and the Darmstadt Summer Courses is well known. Christopher Fox, Björn Heile and Martin Iddon among others have discussed why this platform for discussion and ideological conflict has not been to this country's taste. This article argues, however, that just such an event organised in the UK would enliven and enrich contemporary music making through increased knowledge exchange and collaboration. After exploring how Darmstadt operates within Germany, and its perception in the UK, a concluding tentative sketch will be made of how such a British Darmstadt might begin, and the benefits it would bring.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisexposure of livestock in a German dairy farm: implications forintra vitamdiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in an officially tuberculosis-free country
Authors: EISENBERG T. , NESSELER A. , SAUERWALD C. , KLING U. , RIßE K. , KAIM U. , ALTHOFF G. , FIEGE N. , SCHLEZ K. , HAMANN H.-P. , FAWZY A. , MOSER I. , RIßE R. , KRAFT G. , ZSCHÖCK M. , MENGE C. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYGermany has been an officially bovine tuberculosis (bTB)-free (OTF) country since 1996. Gradually rising numbers of bTB herd incidents due toMycobacterium bovisandM. capraein North-Western and Southern Germany during the last few years prompted the competent authorities to conduct a nationwide bTB survey in 2013/2014. This led to the detection of a dairy herd in which as many as 55 cattle reacted positively to consecutiveintra vitamtesting. Test-positive animals lacked visible lesions indicative of bTB at necropsy. Extensive mycobacterial culturing as well as molecular testing of samples from 11 tissues for members of theM. tuberculosiscomplex (MTC) yielded negative results throughout. However, caseous lymphadenitis of Ln. mandibularis accessorius was observed during meat inspection of a fattening pig from the same farm at regular slaughter at that time. Respective tissue samples tested MTC positive by polymerase chain reaction, andM. tuberculosisT1 family were identified by spoligotyping. Four human reactors within the farmer's family were also found to be immunoreactive. As exposure of livestock toM. tuberculosisis not generally considered, its impact may result in regulatory and practical difficulties when using protocols designed to detect classical bTB, particularly in OTF countries.
Echocardiographic two-dimensional view of the pulmonary valve in infants: the high transsternal view
Authors: Granados Miguel A. , Albert Leticia , Toral Belén 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNeonates and small infants have unique characteristics that make it possible to obtain echocardiographic views that are inaccessible in older patients. A high transsternal approach through the cartilaginous sternum and the thymus gland allows visualisation of a short-axis view of the pulmonary valve. This view should be included as part of routine protocols for echocardiographic examinations performed in this age group.
ISO standard modeling of a large Arabic dictionary
Authors: KHEMAKHEM AIDA , GARGOURI BILEL , BEN HAMADOU ABDELMAJID , FRANCOPOULO GIL 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of the large coverage dictionaries of Arabic language usable both for direct human reading and automatic Natural Language Processing. For these purposes, we propose a normalized and implemented modeling, based on Lexical Markup Framework (LMF-ISO 24613) and Data Registry Category (DCR-ISO 12620), which allows a stable and well-defined interoperability of lexical resources through a unification of the linguistic concepts. Starting from the features of the Arabic language, and due to the fact that a large range of details and refinements need to be described specifically for Arabic, we follow a finely structuring strategy. Besides its richness in morphology, syntax and semantics knowledge, our model includes all the Arabic morphological patterns to generate the inflected forms from a given lemma and highlights the syntactic–semantic relations. In addition, an appropriate codification has been designed for the management of all types of relationships among lexical entries and their related knowledge. According to this model, a dictionary named El Madar1has been built and is now publicly available on line. The data are managed by a user-friendly Web-based lexicographical workstation. This work has not been done in isolation, but is the result of a collaborative effort by an international team mainly within the ISO network during a period of eight years.
Microscopy Characterization of Silica-Rich Agrowastes to be used in Cement Binders: Bamboo and Sugarcane Leaves
Authors: Roselló Josefa , Soriano Lourdes , Santamarina M. Pilar , Akasaki Jorge L. , Melges José Luiz P. , Payá Jordi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAgrowastes are produced worldwide in huge quantities and they contain interesting elements for producing inorganic cementing binders, especially silicon. Conversion of agrowastes into ash is an interesting way of yielding raw material used in the manufacture of low-CO2 binders. Silica-rich ashes are preferred for preparing inorganic binders. Sugarcane leaves (Saccharum officinarum, SL) and bamboo leaves (Bambusa vulgaris, BvL and Bambusa gigantea, BgL), and their corresponding ashes (SLA, BvLA, and BgLA), were chosen as case studies. These samples were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Spodograms were obtained for BvLA and BgLA, which have high proportions of silicon, but no spodogram was obtained for SLA because of the low silicon content. Different types of phytoliths (specific cells, reservoirs of silica in plants) in the studied leaves were observed. These phytoliths maintained their form after calcination at temperatures in the 350–850°C range. Owing to the chemical composition of these ashes, they are of interest for use in cements and concrete because of their possible pozzolanic reactivity. However, the presence of significant amounts of K and Cl in the prepared ashes implies a limitation of their applications.
Ultrastructural Analysis of In Vivo Hypoglycemiant Effect of Two Polyoxometalates in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Bâlici Ştefana , Wankeu-Nya Modeste , Rusu Dan , Nicula Gheorghe Z. , Rusu Mariana , Florea Adrian , Matei Horea 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTwo polyoxometalates (POMs), synthesized through a self-assembling method, were used in the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. One of these nanocompounds [tris(vanadyl)-substituted tungsto-antimonate(III)-anions—POM1] was previously described in the literature, whereas the second [tris-butyltin-21-tungsto-9-antimonate(III)-anions—POM2], was prepared by us based on our original formula. In rats with STZ-induced diabetes treated with POMs (up to a cumulative dose of 4 mg/kg bodyweight at the end of the treatments), statistically significant reduced levels of blood glucose were measured after 3 weeks, as compared with the diabetic control groups (DCGs). Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic β-cells (including the mean diameter of secretory vesicles and of their insulin granules) in the treated diabetic rats proved the POMs contribute to limitation of cellular degeneration triggered by STZ, as well as to the presence of increased amounts of insulin-containing vesicles as compared with the DCG. The two POMs also showed hepatoprotective properties when ultrastructural aspects of hepatocytes in the experimental groups of rats were studied. Based on our in vivo studies, we concluded that the two POMs tested achieved hypoglycemiant effects by preventing STZ-triggered apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells and stimulation of insulin synthesis.
Forkhead box K2 modulates epirubicin and paclitaxel sensitivity through FOXO3a in breast cancer
Authors: de Moraes G Nestal , Khongkow P , Gong C , Yao S , Gomes A R , Ji Z , Kandola N , Delbue D , Man E P S , Khoo U S , Sharrocks A D , Lam E W-F 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe forkhead transcription factor FOXK2 has recently been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival, but a role in cancer chemotherapeutic drug resistance has hitherto not been explored. Here we demonstrate that FOXK2 has a central role in mediating the cytotoxic drug response in breast cancer. Clonogenic and cell viability assays showed that enhanced FOXK2 expression sensitizes MCF-7 breast cancer cells to paclitaxel or epirubicin treatment, whereas FOXK2 depletion by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) confers drug resistance. Our data also showed that the activation of the tumour suppressor FOXO3a by paclitaxel and epirubicin is mediated through the induction of FOXK2, as depletion of FOXK2 by siRNA limits the induction of FOXO3a by these drugs in MCF-7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that in response to drug treatment, FOXK2 accumulates and binds to the proximal FOXO3a promoter region in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, we also uncovered that FOXK2 is deregulated and, therefore, can express at high levels in the nucleus of both the paclitaxel and epirubicin drug-resistant MCF-7 cells. Our results showed that ectopically overexpressed FOXK2 accumulates in the nuclei of drug-resistant MCF-7 cells but failed to be recruited to target genes, including FOXO3a. Crucially, we found that FOXO3a is required for the anti-proliferative and epirubicin-induced cytotoxic function of FOXK2 in MCF-7 cells by sulphorhodamine and clonogenic assays. The physiological importance of the regulation of FOXO3a by FOXK2 is further confirmed by the significant correlations between FOXO3a and FOXK2 expression in breast carcinoma patient samples. Further survival analysis also reveals that high nuclear FOXK2 expression significantly associates with poorer clinical outcome, particularly in patients who have received conventional chemotherapy, consistent with our finding that FOXK2 is deregulated in drug-resistant cells. In summary, our results suggest that paclitaxel and epirubicin target the FOXK2 to modulate their cytotoxicity and deregulated FOXK2 confers drug resistance.
Unveiling the metabolic potential of two soil-derived microbial consortia selected on wheat straw
Authors: Jiménez Diego Javier , Chaves-Moreno Diego , van Elsas Jan Dirk 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBased on the premise that plant biomass can be efficiently degraded by mixed microbial cultures and/or enzymes, we here applied a targeted metagenomics-based approach to explore the metabolic potential of two forest soil-derived lignocellulolytic microbial consortia, denoted RWS and TWS (bred on wheat straw). Using the metagenomes of three selected batches of two experimental systems, about 1.2 Gb of sequence was generated. Comparative analyses revealed an overrepresentation of predicted carbohydrate transporters (ABC, TonB and phosphotransferases), two-component sensing systems and β-glucosidases/galactosidases in the two consortia as compared to the forest soil inoculum. Additionally, “profiling” of carbohydrate-active enzymes showed significant enrichments of several genes encoding glycosyl hydrolases of families GH2, GH43, GH92 and GH95. Sequence analyses revealed these to be most strongly affiliated to genes present on the genomes ofSphingobacterium,Bacteroides,FlavobacteriumandPedobacter spp. Assembly of the RWS and TWS metagenomes generated 16,536 and 15,902 contigs of ≥10 Kb, respectively. Thirteen contigs, containing 39 glycosyl hydrolase genes, constitute novel (hemi)cellulose utilization loci with affiliation to sequences primarily found in the Bacteroidetes. Overall, this study provides deep insight in the plant polysaccharide degrading capabilities of microbial consortia bred from forest soil, highlighting their biotechnological potential.
LAPTM4B is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC and promotes the NRF2-mediated stress response pathway in lung cancer cells
Authors: Maki Yuho , Fujimoto Junya , Lang Wenhua , Xu Li , Behrens Carmen , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Kadara Humam 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B) is elevated in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and in the surrounding premalignant airway field of cancerization. In the present study, we sought to begin to understand the relevance of LAPTM4B expression and signaling to NSCLC pathogenesis. In situ hybridization analysis of LAPTM4B transcript in tissue microarrays comprised of 368 NSCLCs demonstrated that LAPTM4B expression was significantly increased in smoker compared to non-smoker lung adenocarcinoma tumors (P < 0.001) and was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.05) in adenocarcinoma patients. Knockdown of LAPTM4B expression inhibited cell growth, induced cellular apoptosis and decreased cellular autophagy in serum starved lung cancer cells. Expression profiling coupled with pathways analysis revealed decreased activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) stress response pathway following LAPTM4B knockdown. Further analysis demonstrated that LAPTM4B augmented the expression and nuclear translocation of the NRF2 transcription factor following serum deprivation as well as increased the expression of NRF2 target genes such as heme oxygenase 1/HMOX1). Our study points to the relevance of LAPTM4B expression to NSCLC pathogenesis as well as to the probable role of LAPTM4B/NRF2 signaling in promoting lung cancer cell survival.
Impairment of T cell development and acute inflammatory response in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice
Authors: Fiume Giuseppe , Scialdone Annarita , Albano Francesco , Rossi Annalisa , Maria Tuccillo Franca , Rea Domenica , Palmieri Camillo , Caiazzo Elisabetta , Cicala Carla , Bellevicine Claudio , Falcone Cristina , Vecchio Eleonora , Pisano Antonio , Ceglia Simona , Mimmi Selena , Iaccino Enrico , Laurentiis Annamaria de , Pontoriero Marilena , Agosti Valter , Troncone Giancarlo , Mignogna Chiara , Palma Giuseppe , Arra Claudio , Mallardo Massimo , Maria Buonaguro Franco , Scala Giuseppe , Quinto Ileana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImmune activation and chronic inflammation are hallmark features of HIV infection causing T-cell depletion and cellular immune dysfunction in AIDS. Here, we addressed the issue whether HIV-1 Tat could affect T cell development and acute inflammatory response by generating a transgenic mouse expressing Tat in lymphoid tissue. Tat-Tg mice showed thymus atrophy and the maturation block from DN4 to DP thymic subpopulations, resulting in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells depletion in peripheral blood. In Tat-positive thymus, we observed the increased p65/NF-κB activity and deregulated expression of cytokines/chemokines and microRNA-181a-1, which are involved in T-lymphopoiesis. Upon LPS intraperitoneal injection, Tat-Tg mice developed an abnormal acute inflammatory response, which was characterized by enhanced lethality and production of inflammatory cytokines. Based on these findings, Tat-Tg mouse could represent an animal model for testing adjunctive therapies of HIV-1-associated inflammation and immune deregulation.