bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The integration of diel vertical migration and hydrodynamic process influences the transport of swimming crab zoea (Portunus trituberculatus)
Authors: Jiang Huidong , Ye Zhenjiang , Zhang Yixiao , Zhang Wenchao , Tian Yongjun , Li Jianchao , Liu Yang , Yu Haiqing , Zhang Xingui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVertical migration and dispersal processes during the marine crab larval stage markedly affect transport, habitat selection, population connectivity, and resource replenishment success rates. However, not much is known of the reproductive ecology of swimming crabs in the nearshore waters of the northwest Pacific shelf. Here, we investigated the diel vertical migration (DVM) characteristics and transport patterns of the swimming crab zoea (Portunus trituberculatus) in this area. A Lagrangian particle‐tracking algorithm coupled with a hydrodynamic model, incorporating a DVM pattern of zoeae based on observations from a field survey of the diurnal distribution of swimming crab zoea, was used to simulate the transport of zoeae, and the impact of zoeal transport on population connectivity was explored. The results revealed that particles were predominantly transported in a nearshore direction from the particle release point, with short dispersal distances during the zoeal stages. In nearshore waters on the continental shelf, the swimming crab zoeae are exposed to shoreward‐moving currents with the aid of prolonged daytime locations in the lower water column, whereas larvae migrate upward to the middle and upper layers of the water column at night rather than the most superficial layer, potentially avoiding surface offshore‐moving currents that may be responsible for the retention and shoreward transport of larvae. Most zoeae are transported to shallow waters, and the contribution of transport to population connectivity during the zoeal stages is relatively limited. The findings here have considerable implications for understanding the mechanisms governing the early recruitment dynamics of this species, as well as for fisheries management and conservation of marine biodiversity.
Megakaryocyte maturation involves activation of the adaptive unfolded protein response
Authors: Faiz Mifra , Kalev‐Zylinska Maggie L. , Dunstan‐Harrison Caitlin , Singleton Dean C. , Hay Michael P. , Ledgerwood Elizabeth C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) to promote cell survival or apoptosis. Transient endoplasmic reticulum stress activation has been reported to trigger megakaryocyte production, and UPR activation has been reported as a feature of megakaryocytic cancers. However, the role of UPR signaling in megakaryocyte biology is not fully understood. We studied the involvement of UPR in human megakaryocytic differentiation using PMA (phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate)‐induced maturation of megakaryoblastic cell lines and thrombopoietin‐induced differentiation of human peripheral blood‐derived progenitors. Our results demonstrate that an adaptive UPR is a feature of megakaryocytic differentiation and that this response is not associated with ER stress‐induced apoptosis. Differentiation did not alter the response to the canonical endoplasmic reticulum stressors DTT or thapsigargin. However, thapsigargin, but not DTT, inhibited differentiation, consistent with the involvement of Ca2+ signaling in megakaryocyte differentiation.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Population‐Based Helicobacter pylori Screening With Eradication for Optimal Age of Implementation
Authors: Kowada Akiko 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHelicobacter pylori screening with eradication reduces gastric cancer (GC) development. However, it was unknown at what age the H. pylori screening should be implemented to achieve the greatest benefits at the least cost. This study aimed to determine the optimal age of H. pylori screening for primary GC prevention.Materials and MethodsA state transition model for a hypothetical cohort of 15‐year‐olds from a healthcare payer perspective on a lifetime horizon was developed. Nine ages for H. pylori testing were considered: 15, 18, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 years. H. pylori screening was compared with no screening and annual, biennial, and triennial endoscopies starting at age 50. The main outcomes were costs, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), life expectancy life‐years (LYs), incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios, GC cases, stage I GC cases, and GC‐related deaths. One‐way, two‐way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the uncertainty of the parameters.ResultsAll H. pylori screenings at ages 15–80 were more cost‐effective than all endoscopies and no screening. H. pylori screening at age 15 yielded the greatest cost‐saving and benefits. The cost‐effectiveness was sensitive to the adherence rate of H. pylori screening at age 15. Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves showed that H. pylori screening at age 15 was 99.6% cost‐effective at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of US$50,000 per QALY gained. Compared with no screening and biennial endoscopy in 15.6 million 15‐year‐olds from 2022 to 2037, respectively, H. pylori screening at age 15 saves US$9.70 million and US$2.39 billion, increases 1.26 million QALYs with 1312 LYs and 651 LYs, prevents 436 GC cases with 254 stage I GC cases and 305 stage I GC cases, and avoids 176 GC‐related deaths and 72 GC‐related deaths.ConclusionsThe optimal age for population‐based H. pylori screening at ages 15–80 is the youngest, 15 years old. Shifting population‐based H. pylori screening to younger people will reduce GC morbidity and mortality worldwide, along with a detailed investigation of the feasibility and long‐term consequences of H. pylori eradication at a young age.
A New Process Model for Relationship‐Centred Shared Decision‐Making in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Papadimitriou Christina , Clayman Marla L. , Mallinson Trudy , Weaver Jennifer A. , Guernon Ann , Meehan Albert J. , Kot Trisha , Ford Paige , Ideishi Roger , Prather Christina , van der Wees Philip 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe present a relationship‐centred shared‐decision‐making (RCSDM) process model to explicate factors that shape decision‐making processes during physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) encounters among patients, their care partners and practitioners. Existing shared decision‐making (SDM) models fall short in addressing the everyday decisions routinely made regarding persons with chronic disabilities who require high levels of support, their care partners and rehabilitation practitioners. In PMR, these everyday decisions are small scale, immediate and in service to a larger therapeutic goal. They can be thought of as micro‐decisions and involve multiple practitioners, care partners and patients. How micro‐decisions are made in this context is contingent on multiple roles and relationships among these relevant parties. Our model centres on micro‐decisions among patients, their care partners and practitioners based on our disorders of consciousness (DoC) research.MethodsTo develop our model, we examined peer‐reviewed literature in SDM in PMR, chronic disability and person‐centeredness; formed collaborations and co‐created our constructs with rehabilitation practitioners and with care partners who have lived experience of caring for persons with DoC; analysed emerging empirical data and vetted early versions with expert scientific and clinical audiences. Our model builds from the core tenets of relational autonomy, and scholarship and activism of disability advocates.FindingsOur model conceptualizes four non‐hierarchical levels of analysis to understand the process of micro‐decision‐making in chronic disability and medical rehabilitation: social forces (historical and sociological); roles and relationships (multiple and intersecting); relational dimensions (interactional and contextual) and micro‐decision moments (initiation, response and closure).DiscussionRelationships among patients, their care partners and practitioners are the intersubjective milieu within which decisions are made. Our conceptual model explicates the process of micro‐decision‐making in PMR.Patient or Public ContributionCare partners (or caregivers) and rehabilitation practitioners are active members of our team. We work together to develop research projects, collect, analyse and disseminate data. The conceptual model we present in this manuscript was co‐created—input from care partners and practitioners on previously collected data became the impetus to develop the RCSDM process model and share co‐authorship in this manuscript.
Mitigation of ultraviolet‐induced erythema and inflammation by para‐hydroxycinnamic acid in human skin
Authors: Janson William P. , Breyfogle Laurie E. , Bierman John C. , Chew Zhi Yan , Ehrman Matthew C. , Oblong John E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether p‐hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA) alone and in combination with niacinamide (Nam) can mitigate UV‐induced erythema, barrier disruption, and inflammation.MethodsThree independent placebo‐controlled double‐blinded studies were conducted on female panellists who were pretreated on sites on their backs for 2 weeks with skin care formulations which contained 0.3% or 1% pHCA with 5% Nam, 1% pHCA alone, 1.8% octinoxate, or control formula. Treated sites were then exposed to 1.5 minimal erythemal dose (MED) solar simulated radiation (SSR) and had chromameter and expert grading measures for erythema, barrier integrity via TEWL, and the skin surface IL‐1RA/IL‐1α inflammatory biomarkers isolated from D‐Squame tapes.ResultsAcross the three independent studies, pHCA alone or in combination with Nam showed a significant mitigation of UV‐induced erythema, barrier disruption, and levels of the surface inflammatory biomarkers IL‐1RA/IL‐1α. The cinnamate analogue Octinoxate did not replicate the effects of pHCA.ConclusionThe study results show that pHCA alone or in combination with Nam can mitigate UV‐induced damage to skin. These include mitigation of UV‐induced erythema as measured by instrument and expert grade visualization. Additionally, pHCA with Nam protected damage to the barrier and reduced the induction of the SASP‐related surface inflammatory biomarker IL‐1RA/IL‐1α. The inability of Octinoxate to have any protective effect and the detection of low levels of pHCA on skin surface after 24 h of application supports that these effects are based on a biological response to pHCA. These findings add to the body of evidence that pHCA alone or in combination with Nam can enhance the skin's biological response to UV‐induced damage. This supports pHCA can potentially impact aging and senescence, thereby maintain skin's functionality and appearance.
Measuring the effectiveness of L&D: Time to move on from Kirkpatrick and Phillips?
Authors: Kirwan Cyril 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGiven the pressure to demonstrate meaningful return from investment in Learning and Development (L&D) interventions, there is an increasing need to reliably evaluate such interventions, both from the point of view of their overall effectiveness (summative approach) and their continuing improvement (formative approach). A literature review, the focus of this conceptual paper, highlights the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to L&D evaluation. Currently, the most popular methodologies in management practice are the summative‐focused frameworks of Donald Kirkpatrick and Jack Phillips. In this paper, their limitations in terms of being able to answer important questions for evaluation are discussed, particularly their failure to take into account a range of factors that influence learning transfer and, thus, learning effectiveness, as well as a lack of guidance on how such interventions could be made better. Arguments for a greater emphasis on formative evaluation are made, and a model for doing so is put forward. Limitations and further research are discussed.
Assessing workplace well‐being in healthcare: The violence‐prevention climate and its relationship with workplace happiness
Authors: Yesildag Ahmet Y. , Turan Kurtaran Ayten , Sevim Ferit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo identify the relationship between the violence‐prevention climate and workplace happiness in hospitals. The secondary objective is to adapt a valid and reliable scale to a different culture in healthcare settings.BackgroundHealthcare settings are not immune to the harmful effects of violence, which can exacerbate existing challenges such as staff shortages. In the midst of these challenges, organizational efforts to ensure the safety of health workers are critical. These efforts can contribute positively to workers' happiness or well‐being.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional design with 400 healthcare professionals from five hospitals in Trabzon, Turkey, data collection involved the Violence‐Prevention Climate Scale and Workplace Happiness Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale, and the consistency coefficient was calculated.ResultsThe findings revealed that, on average, employees exhibited high levels of violence‐prevention climate ( = 4.22) and moderate levels of workplace happiness ( = 3.70). Subsequently, correlation analysis unveiled a statistically significant association between the dimensions of violence‐prevention climate and workplace happiness (p < 0.05, r = 0.392). It was observed that those who experienced violence and did not feel safe in the workplace had lower levels of happiness.DiscussionThe instances of healthcare workers being exposed to violence identified in the study largely align with previous theories related to both individual and organizational effects.ConclusionViolence‐prevention climate affects the safety and workplace happiness of workers.Implications for nursing and/or health policyEmployees expect their managers to seriously consider all reports of violence. In this context, creating a violence‐prevention climate would be a good start. According to WHO 2030 targets, in an environment where there is a significant shortage of healthcare personnel, especially nurses, ensuring that existing employees work in a safer and happier environment will make a positive contribution to healthcare systems.
Effect of the nurse‐led Hospital Elder Life Program on delirium reduction among delirious patients with COVID‐19: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ni Yun‐Xia , Hu Zi‐Yi , Wang Rui‐Li , Huang Yan , Jiang Yang‐Yang , Wang Hai‐Yan , Ruan Shun‐Li , Zhou Dong , Chen Qian , Jiang Yan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfectious diseases, such as COVID‐19, are high‐risk factors for delirium. However, the implementation of nonpharmacological interventions faces major challenges during an infectious disease pandemic.AimsTo evaluate the effect of the nurse‐led Hospital Elder Life Program (NL‐HELP) on delirium reduction among delirious patients with COVID‐19.DesignA single‐blind randomized clinical trial.MethodsThis study recruited 122 delirious patients with COVID‐19 from internal medicine wards at West China Hospital in China between January 30 and March 31, 2023. Participants were randomized to the NL‐HELP group (n = 62) or the usual care group (n = 60). Patients in the intervention group received the NL‐HELP protocol three times daily for 7 days. Patients in the control group received usual care. The primary outcome was the absence/presence of delirium during the intervention period measured by the 3‐min Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method.ResultsFewer patients remained delirious in the NL‐HELP group than in the control group. There were significantly more delirium‐free days in the NL‐HELP group than in the usual care group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of delirium severity, length of hospital stay, delirium at 30 days after discharge, 30‐day readmission, 30‐day mortality, physical function or quality of life.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that NL‐HELP could reduce the presence of delirium in delirious patients. No effect was observed in terms of shortening the length of hospital stay, reducing 30‐day mortality, or improving quality of life.ImpactNL‐HELP may be effective in reducing the presence of delirium in delirious patients. Further research is needed to determine whether the NL‐HELP can improve patient outcomes (e.g. mortality and quality of life) in a larger study.Patient or Public ContributionCaregivers of delirious patients were invited to provide intervention strategies to prevent or abate delirium, including environmental management, orientation communications and identification of alert signs.Trial RegistrationThis study was prospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (https://www.chictr.org.cn/) Identifier: ChiCTR2300067874.
Electroporation saves the day again: Pulsed‐field ablation for phrenic nerve‐sparing in right atrial tachycardia
Authors: Lozano‐Granero Cristina , Franco Eduardo , Matía‐Francés Roberto , Amores‐Luque Miguel , Hernández‐Madrid Antonio , Sánchez‐Pérez Inmaculada , Zamorano José Luis , Moreno Javier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPulsed‐field ablation (PFA) is a novel nonthermal energy that shows unique features that can be of use beyond pulmonary vein ablation, like tissue selectivity or proximity rather than contact dependency.Methods and ResultsWe report three cases of right focal atrial tachycardias arising from the superior cavoatrial junction and the crista terminalis, in close relationship with the phrenic nerve, effectively ablated using a commercially available PFA catheter designed for pulmonary vein isolation without collateral damage.ConclusionPFA can be useful for treating right atrial tachycardias involving sites near the phrenic nerve, avoiding the need for complex nerve‐sparing strategies.
Nurses' perspectives and experiences on medical errors: A qualitative study
Authors: Yılmaz Ayşegül , Sönmez Betül 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionMedical errors are among the most important factors that threaten patient safety. Therefore, nurses' perspectives and experiences about medical errors are important for this manner.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine in depth the perspectives and experiences of nurses related to how they define medical error, as well as its causes, management and reporting.DesignThis descriptive, exploratory study involved a qualitative design.MethodsA total of 15 clinical nurses from eleven provinces were reached by snowball sampling method. In the study, nurses' perspectives on medical errors were obtained through semistructured in‐depth online interviews conducted based on phenomenological methods. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews. The research was conducted following the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative checklist.ResultsThe resulting 26 codes were categorized under seven themes: “Definition of medical error”, “Experience of medical errors”, “Frequency of medical errors”, “Causes of medical errors”, “Reporting of medical errors”, “Medical error approach” and “Prevention of medical errors”.ConclusionsThe results show that it is still necessary to increase the awareness of nurses about medical errors and the importance of error reporting. In addition, it reveals the need for leadership to eliminate the negative approach to medical errors and shows that nurse managers should be empowered accordingly.Implications for Nursing Practice and PolicyIt is the first step of quality and safe care to reveal nurses' perspectives on medical errors, their thoughts about medical errors and their experiences about errors in their institutions. In this study, nurses' knowledge, opinions and experiences regarding medical errors were revealed in this qualitative study. Therefore, this study offers important clues to nursing services, hospital managers and policy makers for clinical and institutional arrangements.
Patients' experiences of dietary changes during a structured dietary intervention for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Weznaver Cecilia , Nybacka Sanna , Simren Magnus , Törnblom Hans , Jakobsson Sofie , Störsrud Stine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiet plays an important role in management of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Restrictive diets have gained popularity as treatment for IBS, but no studies have examined the patients' experiences of implementing such diets. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the experience of patients with IBS undergoing a structured dietary intervention.MethodsUsing inductive content analysis, semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 19 patients with IBS, who were recruited from a randomised controlled trial evaluating two different restrictive diets for 4 weeks: a diet low in total carbohydrates; and a diet low in fermentable oligo‐, di‐ and monosaccharides and polyols (i.e., FODMAP) combined with traditional IBS dietary advice.ResultsThree main themes developed from the qualitative analysis and together they describe the dietary intervention as supportive, as well as the dietary changes as challenging and contributing to reflection. Patients found the dietary support effective in both initiating and adhering to their dietary changes. Despite the support, the implementation of the diet was perceived as challenging when it interfered with other important aspects of their lives. However, going through the dietary change process, the patients began to reflect on their eating behaviours, which enabled individual dietary adjustments. The adjustments that patients maintained were not only a result of alleviation of GI symptoms, but also based on personal preferences.ConclusionsPatients with IBS undergoing restrictive diets appear to benefit from structured support. However, considering the individual patient's life situation and personal preferences, individualised dietary options should be encouraged to achieve long‐term dietary changes.
Optimal Monetary and Transfer Policy in a Liquidity Trap
Authors: CORBELLINI STEFANO MARIA 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOptimal monetary and fiscal policy are jointly analyzed in a heterogeneous two‐agent New Keynesian environment, where fiscal policy is modeled as lump‐sum transfers. Transfer policy does not substitute for forward guidance—as it entails consumption dispersion costs—nor affect its optimal duration. The stay at the zero lower bound is indeed influenced through two offsetting channels: ashorteningchannel works through an initial increase in transfers that mitigates the recession (reducing the need for forward guidance), while alengtheningchannel works through a later transfer cut that curbs the expansion (making forward guidance desirable for a longer horizon).