bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shape of human evolution: A geometric morphometrics perspective
Authors: Baab Karen L. , McNulty Kieran P. , Rohlf F. James 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStudy of morphological form is fundamental to the discipline of paleoanthropology. The size and shape of our ancestors' anatomical features have long been the focus of research on hominin systematics, phylogeny, functional morphology, ontogeny, variation, and evolutionary change. Early physical anthropologists relied on both qualitative descriptions of anatomical shape and linear measurements to assess variation among hominins. The seminal works of W. W. Howells1and C. E. Oxnard2helped to bring multivariate techniques to the forefront of physical anthropology. Howells' intention was the objective delineation of components of shape, which could then fuel further analyses and interpretations, as well as clarification of the ways that growth influences interindividual and interpopulational differences in shape. He expressed concern that previous comparisons of individual measurements did not capture the overall shape of the skull, which is “expressed by the relationsbetweenmeasurements.”1:3Similarly, Oxnard recognized that a multivariate approach to the study of complex shapes allows “for such perturbations (e.g., variation and covariation)…that are difficult to evaluate by eye and impossible to reveal by measurement and simple analysis alone.”2:6While multivariate methods offered clear advantages over univariate or bivariate representations of shape, the analysis of traditional morphometric measures such as linear distances, angles, and ratios, has limitations when it comes to quantifying the complex geometry of some anatomical structures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance of Cobalt‐free La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.9Ni0.1O3–δ Cathode Material for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang F. , Yang Z. , Wang H. , Wang W. , Ma G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of cobalt‐free perovskite‐type cathode materials La0.6Sr0.4Fe1–xNixO3–δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs) are prepared by a citric‐nitrate process. The conductivities of the cathode materials are measured as functions of temperature (300–800 °C) in air by AC impedance method, and the La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.9Ni0.1O3–δ (LSFN10) has the highest conductivity to be 160 S cm–1 at 400 °C. A single IT‐SOFC based on LSFN10 cathode, BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3–δ electrolyte membrane and Ni–BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3–δ anode substrate was fabricated by a simple spin‐coating process, and the performances of the cell using hydrogen as fuel and air as the oxidant were researched by electrochemical methods at 600–700 °C. The maximum power densities of the cell are 405 mW cm–2 at 700 °C, 238 mW cm–2 at 650 °C, and 140 mW cm–2 at 600 °C, respectively. The results indicate that the LSFN10 is a promising cathode material for proton conducting IT‐SOFCs.
Development of an effects-based approach for watershed scale aquatic cumulative effects assessment
Authors: Squires Allison J , Dubé Monique G 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Environmental impacts can manifest themselves in a cumulative manner over very large spatial (watershed) and temporal (decadal) scales. In response to these challenges, scientists have been developing methods that attempt to assess the complex interactions between our environment and the current and future demands of society. This article proposes a framework for quantifying cumulative changes in water quality and quantity and demonstrates its implementation in an entire watershed, the Athabasca River Basin in Alberta, Canada. The Athabasca River Basin is an ideal watershed for this study as it has undergone significant increase in urban and industrial developments that have the potential to impact this aquatic ecosystem. This framework addresses the problems of setting a historical baseline and comparing it to the current state in a quantitative way. This framework also creates the potential for predicting future impacts by creating thresholds specific to the study area. The outcome of this framework is the identification and quantification of specific stressors (dissolved Na, chloride, and sulfate) showing significant change across the entire Athabasca River Basin, as well as the development of thresholds for these parameters. This information can be used in future assessments of proposed development and possible mitigation in the basin. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;X:000–000. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:380–391. © 2012 SETAC
Effect of mesh construction on the physicomechanical properties of bicomponent knit mesh using yarns derived from degradable copolyesters
Authors: Peniston Shawn J. , L. Burg Karen J. , Shalaby Shalaby W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe use of mesh to repair abdominal wall defects has significantly increased over the past two decades owing to a perceived reduction in recurrence rates compared to primary repairs. However, the use of a mesh in vivo has introduced undesirable patient complications. As a result, there exists an unmet need for a mesh design which exhibits improved biocompatibility. In the present study, the in vitro conditioned modulation of biocompatibility‐relevant physical and mechanical mesh properties using (1) absorbable yarns with different degradation profiles and (2) different mesh constructions employing the warp and weft knitting technologies was investigated. A novel warp‐knit, bicomponent mesh (WK1) was developed that modulates physicomechanical properties and that (1) possesses short‐term structural stiffness, (2) provides a gradual transition phase, and (3) possesses long‐term compliance with force–extension properties similar to the abdominal wall. The use of two different degradable copolyester yarns facilitated the modulation of mesh physicomechanical properties, whereas the knit construction determined the resultant porosity, area weight, thickness, strength, and extension of the mesh. The lack of variation in the knit pattern for the weft knit (DM1) mesh made it one‐dimensional, producing strength loss with time but showing no change in extensibility following the substantial degradation of the fast‐degrading yarn. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
When creativity meets control: A fashion industry case study
Authors: Busco Cristiano , Frigo Mark L. , Giovannoni Elena , Maraghini Maria Pia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIs innovation hindered by management efforts to channel and control creativity? Many would argue that management control systems that are inappropriately designed and used can inhibit innovation. This being true, companies need to find ways to manage the delicate balance between creativity and control. The fashion industry provides an interesting setting for exploring creativity, innovation, and control, as this case study of a medium‐sized Italian fashion company shows. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of dietary supplementation with antimicrobial peptide‐P5 on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, faecal and intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs
Authors: Yoon Jung Ho , Ingale Santosh Laxman , Kim Jin Soo , Kim Kwang Hyun , Lohakare Jayant , Park Yoon Kyung , Park Jun Cheol , Kwon Ill Kyong , Chae Byung Jo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The increase in drug‐resistant bacteria and the ban on antibiotic growth promoters worldwide make the search for novel means of preventing bacterial infection and promoting growth performance imperative. In this sense, antimicrobial peptides are thought to be ideal candidates owing to their antimicrobial properties, broad spectrum of activity and low propensity for development of bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with antimicrobial peptide‐P5 (AMP‐P5) on weanling pig nutrition.RESULTS: A total of 240 weanling pigs were allotted to four treatments on the basis of initial body weight. There were four replicates in each treatment, with 15 pigs per replicate. Dietary treatments were negative control (NC, basal diet without antimicrobial), positive control (PC, basal diet + 1.5 g kg−1 apramycin), basal diet with 40 mg kg−1 AMP‐P5 (P5‐40) and basal diet with 60 mg kg−1 AMP‐P5 (P5‐60). Pigs fed the PC or P5‐60 diet showed improved (P < 0.05) overall growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy and reduced (P < 0.05) faecal and intestinal coliforms compared with pigs fed the NC diet.CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study indicate that dietary supplementation with 60 mg kg−1 AMP‐P5 has the potential to improve the growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and reduce coliforms in weanling pigs. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitory activity in protein hydrolysates from normal and anthracnose disease‐damaged Phaseolus vulgaris seeds
Authors: Hernández‐Álvarez Alan Javier , Carrasco‐Castilla Janet , Dávila‐Ortiz Gloria , Alaiz Manuel , Girón‐Calle Julio , Vioque‐Peña Javier , Jacinto‐Hernández Carmen , Jiménez‐Martínez Cristian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bean seeds are an inexpensive source of protein. Anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum results in serious losses in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops worldwide, affecting any above‐ground plant part, and protein dysfunction, inducing the synthesis of proteins that allow plants to improve their stress tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of beans damaged by anthracnose disease as a source of peptides with angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE‐I)‐inhibitory activity.RESULTS: Protein concentrates from beans spoiled by anthracnose disease and from regular beans as controls were prepared by alkaline extraction and precipitation at isolelectric pH and hydrolysed using Alcalase 2.4 L. The hydrolysates from spoiled beans had ACE‐I‐inhibitory activity (IC50 0.0191 mg protein mL−1) and were very similar to those from control beans in terms of ACE‐I inhibition, peptide electrophoretic profile and kinetics of hydrolysis. Thus preparation of hydrolysates using beans affected by anthracnose disease would allow for revalorisation of this otherwise wasted product.CONCLUSION: The present results suggest the use of spoiled bean seeds, e.g. anthracnose‐damaged beans, as an alternative for the isolation of ACE‐I‐inhibitory peptides to be further introduced as active ingredients in functional foods. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of temperature and pH on postmortem color development of porcine M. longissimus dorsi and M. semimembranosus
Authors: Duan Yanyu , Huang Libing , Xie Jinping , Yang Kaixuan , Yuan Fei , Bruce Heather L , Plastow Graham S , Ma Junwu , Huang Lusheng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDPurchasing pork that is boned within 1 h postmortem and not aged is customary in China, and final pork color would not be fully realized. The relationship between early postmortem, pre‐rigor meat color and 24 h postmortem, post‐rigor pork color was investigated and related to the rate of pH and temperature decline within the longissimus dorsi (LD) and the semimembranosus (SM) muscles of pork carcasses. Muscle color, pH and temperature were measured at 45 min and at 3, 9, 15 and 24 h postmortem in carcasses of F2 White Duroc and Chinese Erhualian pigs.RESULTSPork color at 45 min postmortem was not indicative of that at 24 h postmortem in LD and SM, although muscle pH values and temperature at 45 min postmortem were significantly correlated with the LD and SM ultimate color. High muscle pH was associated with decreased L*, whereas high muscle temperature increased L*. Muscle pH and temperature had little effect on a* and b* in LD and color evolution in SM.CONCLUSIONSResults indicated that meat color inspected shortly after slaughter does not reflect post‐rigor meat quality. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Intraoperative ice pack application for uvulopalatoplasty pain reduction: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rotenberg Brian W. , Wickens Brandon , Parnes Jason 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Pain after uvulopalatoplasty continues to cause patients significant morbidity, especially from the tonsillectomy portion. The literature describes multiple techniques to reduce post‐tonsillectomy pain, none being definitive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intraoperative ice pack application on post‐uvulopalatoplasty pain.Study Design:Single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial.Methods:After inclusion and exclusion criteria were met, patients were enrolled and randomized, and subsequently underwent standard electrocautery uvulopalatoplasty. Packs were placed into the tonsillar fossae immediately following tonsil removal and into the palate after the palatoplasty. Patients then completed a questionnaire that evaluated their experience for 10 days following surgery. The primary outcome was pain rated on a visual analog scale. Return to work and return to normal diet were also assessed. T test and Mann‐Whitney statistical analyses, as well as routine descriptive statistics, were conducted.Results:Eighteen subjects were recruited. Patients that received intraoperative cold packs experienced a statistically significant change in VAS average pain [3.4 ± 1.1 cm (p = 0.00001)] when compared with patients receiving room temperature packs. No difference in return to work (p = 0.16) and return to normal diet (p = 0.12) was identified.Conclusions:Intraoperative ice pack administration results in significantly reduced pain following electrocautery uvulopalatoplasty.
Branched Dextran‐graft‐Polyacrylamide Copolymers as Perspective Materials for Nanotechnology
Authors: Kutsevol Nataliya , Bezugla Tetiana , Bezuglyi Mykola , Rawiso Michel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBranched dextran‐graft‐polyacrylamide copolymers (D‐g‐PAAn) with different number of PAA‐grafts have been synthesized for further conversion them to polyelectrolytes dextran‐graft‐(polyacrylamide‐co‐polyacrylic acid). It is shown that D‐g‐PAAn internal structure in water solution is more compact in comparison with linear polyacrylamide and depends upon the distance between PAA grafts. The branched polyelectrolytes are obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of synthesized D‐g‐PAAn samples. The conversion of nonionic polymers to partial anionic form depends upon the macromolecular internal structure of D‐g‐PAAn. The degree of transformation of amide groups to carboxylate ones is higher for branched copolymers than for linear PAA at the same condition. The synthesized branched copolymers are shown to be perspective as flocculation agents and the matrices for synthesis of the stable Ag nanosystems.
Physico‐Chemical Characterization of Pectic Polysaccharides from Various Sources Obtained by Steam Assisted Flash Extraction (SAFE)
Authors: Muhidinov Zayniddin , Teshaev Khurshed , Jonmurodov Abduvaly , Khalikov Djurabay , Fishman Marshall 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPectic polysaccharides (PP) have been isolated from a variety of sources and characterized by their yield, anhydrogalacturonic (AGA) content, degree of methyl esterification (DE) and microgel (MG) content. Molar mass and mass distribution (MMD) were analyzed by high performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with pressure differential viscosity (PDV) and differential refractive index (DRI) detectors. Results were grouped according to the DE of the PP. Among sources of lower methylated (LM) pectins, apricot pectin had the highest weight average molar mass (Mw) followed by apple pectin. Among high methylated (HM) pectins, pumpkin pectin had the highest value of Mw followed by tangerine and lemon pectins. All pectins studied were found to have bi‐modal distribution as indicated by their molar mass calibration curves. Apple pectin was the most polydisperse whereas pumpkin pectin was the least polydisperse as indicated by Mw/Mn, where Mn is the number average molar mass.
Kinetics of Mutant Apomyoglobin Association
Authors: Katina Natalya , Timchenko Alexander , Kihara Hiroshi , Balobanov Vitaly , Vasiliev Victor , Kashparov Ivan , Bychkova Valentina 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAssociation of protein molecules in human tissues underlies many diseases, which brings it in the focus of numerous studies. Previous reports described amyloid formation with the unfolded protein state taken as the starting point. Here, we present kinetics of protein aggregation starting from the protein native state and with consideration of its structural stability. We constructed mutant forms of apomyoglobin (apoMb) and investigated them by light scattering, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescence, far UV CD and FTIR spectroscopy. We found that apoMb mutants formed aggregates that changed their shape after 24 h incubation at a physiologically relevant temperature of 40 °C, pH 5.5, from almost globular (micellar) to elongated and curly. The elongated particles exhibited properties of the cross‐beta structure characteristic of amyloids. According to SAXS, the elongated aggregates were not less than 300 Å in length, the gyration radius of their cross‐section (Rc) was about 35 Å, and their molecular mass was over 400 kDa. An elongated shape of the aggregates was also demonstrated by TEM‐ and AFM imaging. The ability of apoMb mutants to form elongated amyloid‐like aggregates, as well as their compactness, negatively correlated with stability of their native structure.
Tuning the Catalytic Efficiency of Palladium Supported Complexes (Pd‐NHC‐SILLPs): The Cooperative Effect of the Ionic Liquid‐Like Groups
Authors: Sans Victor , Gelat Fabien , Burguete M. Isabel , García‐Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGel‐type Supported Ionic Liquid‐like Phases (g‐SILLPs) have been employed as medium for the preparation of Palladium carbene (Pd‐NHC) complexes. These supported complexes onto ionic liquid‐like phases were employed as catalysts for the phosphine‐, copper‐ and amine‐free Sonogashira reaction showing excellent activity and selectivity. The loading and nature of the ionic liquid‐like moieties have proved to have an effect in the reactivity of the different Pd‐NHC‐g‐SILLPs prepared, with TOF values ranging from 450 to 25000 h−1.
Thermoresponsive and Biodegradable Hydrogels for Sustained Release of Nerve Growth Factor to Stimulate Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wu Linfeng , Li Xiaoxun , Lowe Tao L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of thermoresponsive and biodegradable hydrogels were developed for sustained release of nerve growth factor (NGF) for ultimate goal of treating neurological disorders. These hydrogels were composed of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) as a thermoresponsive unit, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as a hydrolytically degradable and hydrophobic unit, and dextran as an enzymatically degradable and hydrophilic unit. NGF was loaded into these hydrogels in aqueous solution with various loading efficiencies depending on the compositions of hydrogels. In‐vitro release study showed that the release of NGF from these hydrogels could last for at least 15 days. NGF released from the hydrogels was able to stimulate neurite growth from PC12 cells.
Multichannel receiver coils for improved coverage in cardiac metabolic imaging using prepolarized 13C substrates
Authors: Dominguez‐Viqueira William , Lau Angus Z. , Chen Albert P. , Cunningham Charles H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMR imaging using hyperpolarized 13C substrates has become a promising tool to study real‐time cardiac‐metabolism in vivo. For such fast imaging of nonrecoverable prepolarized magnetization it is important to optimize the RF‐coils to obtain the best signal‐to‐noise ratio possible, given the required coverage. In this work, three different receiver‐coil configurations were computed in pig and human models. The sensitivity maps were demonstrated in phantoms and in vivo experiments performed in pigs. Signal‐to‐noise ratio in the posterior heart was increased up to 80% with the best multichannel coil as expected. These new coil configurations will allow imaging of the different metabolite signals even in the posterior regions of the myocardium, which is not possible with a single‐channel surface‐coil. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled radical polymerization of N‐acryloylglycinamide and UCST‐type phase transition of the polymers
Authors: Liu Fangyao , Seuring Jan , Agarwal Seema 
Published: August 2012

AbstractN‐Acryloylglycinamide was polymerized via the reversible addition fragmentation transfer process without sacrificing its key property, the upper critical solution temperature in water. This could be achieved by choosing an appropriate nonionic initiator [2,2′‐azobis(4‐methoxy‐2.4‐dimethyl valeronitrile) (V‐70)] and nonionic chain‐transfer agent (cyanomethyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate). A good molar mass control was accomplished as proved by the linear increase of molar mass with conversion, a chain extension experiment, and low dispersity. The influence of molar mass, polymer end groups, or salt concentration on the cloud point was analyzed by turbidimetry. Polymer end groups exerted a distinct effect on the cloud points, whereas the influence increased with decreasing molar masses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
High reliability amorphous oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors gated by buried thick aluminum
Authors: Luo Dongxiang , Lan Linfeng , Xu Miao , Xu Hua , Li Min , Zou Jianhua , Tao Hong , Wang Lei , Peng Junbiao 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIndium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) with a thick aluminum (Al, 1500 nm) gate was demonstrated. The Al gate assembly was planarized by a negative photoresist, and then was further anodized to form a layer of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as gate dielectric. A good boundary profile between the Al gate and the photoresist was obtained. It was found that increasing the thickness of the Al gate could not only reduce the resistance, but also reduce the hillock density. Furthermore, the TFTs with this buried thick Al gate showed low operation voltage, high mobility, and little threshold voltage shift during gate bias stress. Therefore, it is attractive in large‐size, high‐resolution flat‐panel displays. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pd Nanosheet‐Covered Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Platform for the Chemo‐Photothermal Treatment of Cancer Cells
Authors: Fang Weijun , Tang Shaoheng , Liu Pengxin , Fang Xiaoliang , Gong Jiawei , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA versatile system combining chemotherapy with photothermal therapy for cancer cells using Pd nanosheet‐covered hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles is reported. While the hollow mesoporous silica core can be used to load anticancer drugs (i.e., doxorubicin) for chemotherapy, the Pd nanosheets on the surface of particles can convert NIR light into heat for photothermal therapy. More importantly, the loading of Pd nanosheets on hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres can dramatically increase the amount of cellular internalization of the Pd nanosheets: almost 11 times higher than the unloaded Pd nanosheets. The as‐prepared nanocomposites efficiently deliver both drugs and heat to cancer cells to improve the therapeutic efficiency with minimal side effects. Compared with chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, the combination of chemotherapy and phototherapy can significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy, exhibiting a synergistic effect.