bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma BDNFs level initially and post treatment in acute mania: comparison between ECT and atypical antipsychotic treatment and healthy controls
Authors: Karamustafalioglu Nesrin , Genc Abdullah , Kalelioglu Tevfik , Tasdemir Akif , Umut Gokhan , Incir Said , Akkuş Mustafa , Emul Murat 
Published: April 2015

Background: Inconsistent findings concerning brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels across different episodes in bipolar disorder have been reported, which is also in line with the treatment effects on BDNF levels in acute mania. We aimed to compare plasma BDNF level alterations after pure antipsychotic drug or ECT plus antipsychotic drug treatment in acute mania. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with mania were divided into two treatment arms: the antipsychotic treatment arm (AP) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)+AP arm. In addition, 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Results: There was no significant statistical difference according to mean age, education level, marital and working status between patients and healthy controls. The initial serum BDNF level in patients with acute mania was significantly lower than healthy controls. The initial BDNF level between the ECT arm and AP arm was not significant. The BDNF level decreased significantly after reaching remission in patients with acute mania. The change in BDNF level in the AP arm was not significant while in the ECT arm it was significant after treatment. Conclusions: In this study, for the first time we revealed a significant decrease in BDNF levels after ECT sessions in acute manic patients. Besides clinical remission after treatment in acute mania, the decrement in BDNF levels does not seem to be related to clinical response. Thus cumulative effects of mood episodes for the ongoing decrease in BDNF levels might be borne in mind despite the achievement of remission and/or more time being required for an increase in BDNF levels after treatment.
A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly: a propensity score-matched cohort analysis
Authors: Shin Ju-Young , Choi Nam-Kyong , Lee Joongyub , Park Mi-Ju , Lee Shin Haeng , Park Byung-Joo 
Published: April 2015

Objective: With an increase in antipsychotic use in the elderly, the safety profile of antipsychotics has been emphasized. Strong concerns have been raised about whether the risk of ischemic stroke differs between risperidone and haloperidol. This study compared the risk of ischemic stroke between elderly patients taking risperidone and haloperidol. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, applying a propensity-matched analysis. The cohort consisted of elderly patients who were newly prescribed haloperidol or risperidone between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2009. Patients with prior cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10, I60–I69), transient ischemic attack (ICD-10, G45), or cerebral tumors (ICD-10, C31) during 365 days prior to the initiation date were excluded. The study subjects were selected by propensity score matching. The outcome was defined as the first hospitalization for ischemic stroke (ICD-10, I63). Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for ischemic stroke with haloperidol compared with risperidone use. Results: A total of 14,103 patients were included in the propensity-matched cohort for each drug. Overall, the incidence rate was higher for haloperidol users compared to the risperidone users (6.43 per 1000 person-years vs. 2.88 per 1000 person-years). A substantially increased risk was observed in haloperidol users (adjusted HR = 2.02, 95% CI, 1.12–3.62). Conclusions: The evidence showed that haloperidol should be prescribed in the elderly with caution.
Multifunctional artificial reefs for small islands
Authors: Ng Kiat , Thomas Tony , Phillips Michael R. , Calado Helena , Borges Paulo , Veloso-Gomes Fernando 
Published: April 2015

Multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs) have been growing in popularity over the last decade. They are offshore submerged structures which provide coastal protection while also enhancing marine and recreational amenities such as surfing and beach widening. A feasibility study was undertaken for São Miguel Island (Azores) where island-wide general site-selection criteria and local site-specific parameters identified São Roque reef as a potential MFAR location. Expert knowledge addressed multidisciplinary aspects through semi-guided interviews, which provided evaluation criteria for the São Roque reef development. Wave changes before and after reef reprofiling were determined using the Regional Coastal Process WAVE propagation model (CEDAS/RCPWAVE). Results demonstrated additional coastal protection to the historic church and existing seawalls, and no adverse effects on the updrift São Roque and downdrift Pópulo Milicias beaches. Further simulation for an extended reef (30 m seaward) showed model sensitivity together with a greater reduction in approaching wave heights. This analysis suggested that the further seaward the reef is extended, the greater the coastal protection afforded. It also denoted longer, rideable surfing waves and greater substrate surface area for marine colonization, while conversely having an increasing effect on downdrift Pópulo Milicias beach, construction costs and footprint impact. An optimal solution will provide a balance to these advantages and disadvantages. A SWOT analysis showed the potential of capitalizing internal strengths and external opportunities to offset internal weaknesses and external threats. With global growing emphasis on the importance of incorporating amenity values into coastal protection works, this research informs alternative solutions for other small islands, especially similar small volcanic islands.
A Comparative Study on the Biomechanical and Histological Properties of Bone-to-Bone, Bone-to-Tendon, and Tendon-to-Tendon Healing
Authors: Leung Kwok-Sui , Chong Wai Sing , Chow Dick Ho Kiu , Zhang Peng , Cheung Wing-Hoi , Wong Margaret Wan Nar , Qin Ling 
Published: April 2015

Background: Surgical repair around the bone-tendon insertion (BTI) may involve bone-to-bone (BB), bone-to-tendon (BT), or tendon-to-tendon (TT) reattachment with varying healing outcome. Hypothesis: The repair of Achilles tendon–calcaneus (ATC) by reattachment of homogeneous tissue (BB or TT) would heal faster, with respect to tensile properties at the healing complex, than those of reattachment of heterogeneous tissues (BT) over time. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Forty-seven adolescent male Chinese goats were divided into BB, BT, and TT groups. Osteotomy of the calcaneus, reattachment of Achilles tendon to the calcaneus after removal of the insertion, and tenotomy of the Achilles tendon were performed to simulate BB, BT, and TT repair, respectively. The ATC healing complexes were harvested at 6, 12, or 24 weeks postoperatively. Mechanical and morphological properties of the healing ATC complexes were assessed by tensile testing and qualitative histology, respectively. The contralateral intact ATC complex was used as the control. Results: Failure load of BT was 33.4% lower than that of TT ( P = .0243) at week 12. Ultimate strength of BT was 50.2% and 45.3% lower than that of TT at weeks 12 ( P = .0002) and 24 ( P = .0001), respectively. Tissue morphological characteristics of the BB and TT groups showed faster remodeling. The BT group showed limited regeneration of fibrocartilage zone and excessive formation of fibrous tissue at the healing interface. Conclusion: BTI repair between homogeneous tissues (BB and TT healing) showed better healing quality with respect to mechanical and histological assessments than did healing between heterogeneous tissues (BT healing). Clinical Relevance: Anatomic reconstruction of ATC complex injury may be a primary concern when selecting the proper surgical approach. However, it is recommended to select fracture fixation (BB) or tendon repair (TT) instead of bone-tendon reattachment (BT) if possible to ensure better outcome at the healing interface.
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Mood, and Breastfeeding Outcomes among Primiparous Women
Authors: Henshaw Erin J. , Fried Rachel , Siskind Emily , Newhouse Linda , Cooper Marie 
Published: April 2015

Background: A link between postpartum mood and breastfeeding has been established in the literature, but little is known about the relationship of breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) to breastfeeding and mood outcomes, particularly in primiparous women. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the relationship among BSE, mood, and breastfeeding outcomes in primiparous women. A secondary purpose was to explore self-reported reasons for difficult emotional adjustment during the transition to motherhood. Methods: Primiparous women who initiated breastfeeding were surveyed at 2 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months postpartum. Breastfeeding self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, work status, breastfeeding difficulties, partner support, and use of lactation services were included in a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Women who identified as emotionally distressed provided open-ended responses identifying the main cause of their stress. Results: High BSE at 2 days postpartum predicted positive emotional adjustment and fewer depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum, as well as more exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum. Among distressed mothers, breastfeeding concerns were among the most commonly named reasons for stress, along with lack of sleep, lack of social support, and overwhelming learning demands involved with being a new parent. Conclusion: Breastfeeding perceptions are associated with emotional health and breastfeeding outcomes. Bolstering women’s early BSE may be an important goal for multiple dimensions of postpartum health.
Review of toxicity and trends in the use of tiagabine as reported to US poison centers from 2000 to 2012
Authors: Spiller HA , Wiles D , Russell JL , Casavant MJ 
Published: April 2015

Background: Tiagabine is a novel antiepileptic that acts by increasing synaptic and extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. Information concerning overdose of tiagabine is limited. After introduction, an increasing number of off-label uses suggested that tiagabine use would increase. However in 2005 and 2008, warnings from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were issued on the risk of seizures in non-epileptic and increased suicide ideation. We evaluated the temporal trends associated with these two warnings as well as clinical outcomes from tiagabine overdose. Method: A retrospective review of all single substance tiagabine exposures in National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2000 to 2012. Results: A total of 2147 patients had ingested tiagabine, with a mean of 165 year−1. This was disproportionally distributed, with a steep rise leading up to 2004 (max 559 year−1) and then a significant decline ( p < 0.05) between 2005 and 2006. The number of cases reported to NPDS mirrored the sales of tiagabine. Clinical effects were predominantly neurological, with the most commonly reported effects being drowsiness (27%), agitation (19%), confusion (12%), seizures (11%), and tachycardia (10%). In all, 758 patients (35%) showed a major or moderate medical outcome, with no deaths reported. A disproportionate share of the major outcomes was in the suicide attempt group (73%). The majority of patients (75%) were treated in a health-care facility (HCF). Conclusions: The HCF usage is likely due to high rate of symptomatic patients (59%) and the large proportion of suicide attempt cases. The frequency of tiagabine cases in NPDS mirrored pharmaceutical sales, with steep declines temporally related to the 2005 FDA warning.
Clinical Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid as an Additional Therapy for Talar Osteochondral Lesions Treated with Microfracture Surgery
Authors: Görmeli Gökay , Karakaplan Mustafa , Görmeli Cemile Ayşe , Sarıkaya Baran , Elmalı Nurzat , Ersoy Yüksel 
Published: April 2015

Background: Osteochondral ankle injuries commonly affect the dome of the talus, and these injuries are a common cause of athletic disability. Various treatment options are available for these injuries including intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of HA and PRP as adjunct therapies after arthroscopic microfracture in osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus. Methods: In this prospective, randomized blinded study, 40 patients with talar OCLs in their ankle joints were treated with arthroscopic debridement and a microfracture technique. Thirteen randomly selected patients received PRP, 14 patients received HA, and the remaining 13 patients received saline as a control group. The participants were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores after a 15.3-month (range, 11-25 months) follow-up. Results: Postoperatively, all the groups exhibited significantly increased AOFAS scores and decreased VAS scores compared with their preoperative results ( P < .005). The AOFAS scores were significantly increased in the PRP group versus the HA and control groups ( P < .005), although the increased AOFAS scores in the HA group versus the control group were also significant ( P < .005). Similar to the AOFAS scores, the decrease in the VAS scores was significantly lower in the PRP group versus the HA and control groups ( P < .005). In addition, the HA group had significantly lower VAS scores than the control group ( P < .005). Conclusion: Both PRP and HA injections improved the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent operation for talar OCLs in the midterm period and can be used as adjunct therapies for these patients. Because a single dose of PRP provided better results, we recommend PRP as the primary adjunct treatment option in the talar OCL postoperative period. Level of Evidence: Level I, prospective randomized study.
Do grammatical–gender distinctions learned in the second language influence native-language lexical processing?
Authors: Kaushanskaya Margarita , Smith Samantha 
Published: April 2015

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: How does learning a second language influence native language processing? The present study examined whether knowledge of Spanish – a language that marks grammatical gender – influences lexical processing in English – a language that does not mark grammatical gender. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three groups of adult English native speakers were tested: monolinguals; emergent bilinguals with high exposure to Spanish; and emergent bilinguals with low exposure to Spanish. Participants engaged in an associative learning task in English where they learned to associate names of inanimate objects with proper names. For half of the pairs, the grammatical gender of the noun’s Spanish translation matched the gender of the proper name (e.g. corn-Patrick). For half of the pairs, the grammatical gender of the noun’s Spanish translation mismatched the gender of the proper noun (e.g. beach-William). Data and Analysis: Fifty-six participants were tested − 21 monolingual speakers of English, 18 emergent bilinguals with high exposure to Spanish, and 17 emergent bilinguals with low exposure to Spanish. Data were analyzed using mixed analyses of variance. Findings/Conclusions: High-Spanish-exposure bilinguals (but not monolinguals or low-Spanish-exposure bilinguals) were less accurate at retrieving proper names for gender-incongruent than for gender-congruent pairs. Originality: The methodological approach used in this paper is especially well-suited to testing activation of grammatical gender in languages like English, which do not grammaticize gender. Significance/Implications: The findings of this study indicate that second-language morphosyntactic information is activated during native-language lexical processing, even when the second language is acquired later in life. This is particularly significant, considering well-known limitations in explicit knowledge of grammatical gender distinctions in the late-acquired second language.
Review: Quality of life in lower limb peripheral vascular surgery
Authors: Donker JMW , de Vries J , Ho GH , Gonçalves F Bastos , Hoeks SE , Verhagen HJM , van der Laan L 
Published: April 2015

Purpose Vascular intervention studies generally consider patency and limb salvage as primary outcomes. However, quality of life is increasingly considered an important patient-oriented outcome measurement of vascular interventions. Existing literature was analyzed to determine the effect of different treatments on quality of life for patients suffering from either claudication or critical limb ischemia. Basic methods A review of the literature was undertaken in the Medline library. A search was performed on quality of life in peripheral arterial disease. Results were stratified according to treatment groups. Principal findings Twenty-one articles described quality of life in approximately 4600 patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Invasive treatment generally results in better quality of life scores (at a maximum of 2 years of follow-up), compared with non-invasive treatment. In patients with critical limb ischemia, successful revascularization improves quality of life scores. Only one study reported long-term results. Conclusions Increase in quality of life scores can be found for any intervention performed for peripheral arterial disease. However, there is scarce information on long-term quality of life after vascular intervention.
Comparison of 22G reverse‐beveled versus standard needle for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided sampling of solid pancreatic lesions
Authors: Alatawi Abdullah , Beuvon Frédéric , Grabar Sophie , Leblanc Sarah , Chaussade Stanislas , Terris Benoit , Barret Maximilien , Prat Frédéric 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) using standard needles has a high diagnostic value in the evaluation of solid pancreatic masses. Fenestrated needles have been developed to improve the quality of EUS‐guided tissue sampling by providing core biopsies (FNB).MethodsPatients with solid pancreatic masses of >2 cm were prospectively included in our study and randomized to receive EUS sampling, using either a standard 22G FNA or a 22G Procore® FNB needle. The main study endpoint was the number of needle passes required to obtain a diagnosis in more than 90% of cases.ResultsWe included 100 patients (male = 63, female = 37; mean age = 68.4 years) in our study. We found that 88% of the lesions were malignant, with a mean size of 32 mm. A sample adequate for diagnosis was obtained in more than 90% of cases after the second needle pass in the FNB group, versus the third needle pass in the FNA group. Slide cellularity and presence of tissue microfragments were significantly higher in the FNB group. Sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignancy was 88.4% versus 97.8% for the EUS‐FNA and EUS‐FNB group, respectively, while specificity for both techniques was 100%. No complications were recorded.ConclusionsAlthough the accuracy of both needle types for proving malignancy was similar, a lower number of passes was required with the FNB needles to achieve the same contributive sample rate as with the FNA needles. FNB also improved the histopathological quality of specimens, suggesting an overall superiority of FNB sampling.
Are the definitions for chronic diarrhoea adequate? Evaluation of two different definitions in patients with chronic diarrhoea
Authors: Stotzer Per-Ove , Abrahamsson Hasse , Bajor Antal , Kilander Anders , Sadik Riadh , Sjövall Henrik , Simrén Magnus 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe classical definition of chronic diarrhoea is ≥3 defecations/day, with a stool weight of more than 200 g and duration of ≥4 weeks. However, with this definition many patients with substantial symptoms and pathology will be excluded from further investigations. As a consequence other definitions have been proposed, mainly based on evaluation of the stool form.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of the classic criteria for diarrhoea in comparison with a definition based on stool consistency, using the Bristol Stool Form Scale.MethodsAll patients were investigated with laboratory tests, upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies, and SeHCAT test. They were asked to complete a diary recording stool frequency and consistency during a week, as well as other gastrointestinal symptoms (pain, bloating and gas).ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐nine subjects were eligible for analysis. Ninety‐one had an organic cause of diarrhoea. Fifty‐three patients had ≥3 loose stools/day, whereas 86 reported <3 stools/day. Ninety had a median stool consistency that was mushy or loose and 49 had harder stools. A higher proportion of subjects with an organic cause of their diarrhoea compared with subjects with a functional bowel disorder had ≥3 loose stools/day, 43/91 (47%) vs. 10/48 (21%) (p  < 0.01). Similarly, more subjects with an organic cause of their diarrhoea versus patients with a functional bowel disorder had a median stool consistency that was mushy or watery, 73/91 (80%) vs. 17/48 (35%), p  < 0.0001. When diarrhoea was defined according to stool form, more patients were classified correctly as having a functional disorder or organic disorder, compared with the classical definition (p  < 0.05).ConclusionLoose stools defined according to the Bristol Stool Form scale seem to be the best predictor of having an organic cause of the diarrhoea.
Circulating cell membrane microparticles transfer heme to endothelial cells and trigger vasoocclusions in sickle cell disease
Authors: Camus Stéphane M. , De Moraes João A. , Bonnin Philippe , Abbyad Paul , Le Jeune Sylvain , Lionnet François , Loufrani Laurent , Grimaud Linda , Lambry Jean-Christophe , Charue Dominique , Kiger Laurent , Renard Jean-Marie , Larroque Claire , Le Clésiau Hervé , Tedgui Alain , Bruneval Patrick , Barja-Fidalgo Christina , Alexandrou Antigoni , Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Boulanger Chantal M. , Blanc-Brude Olivier P. 
Published: April 2015

Key PointsA significant fraction of cell-free heme in plasma is contained in circulating erythrocyte MPs, particularly during hemolysis. Heme-laden MPs can transfer heme to vascular endothelium and mediate oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and vasoocclusions.
The tumor virus landscape of AIDS-related lymphomas
Authors: Arvey Aaron , Ojesina Akinyemi I. , Pedamallu Chandra Sekhar , Ballon Gianna , Jung Joonil , Duke Fujiko , Leoncini Lorenzo , De Falco Giulia , Bressman Eric , Tam Wayne , Chadburn Amy , Meyerson Matthew , Cesarman Ethel 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
We evaluated a cohort of ARL samples for known and novel tumor viruses, revealing the oncogenic herpesvirus EBV as the sole detected infectious agent. Heterogeneous viral gene expression suggests that variable host immunosurveillance of EBV latency may influence lymphomagenesis.