bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOWRY DEMAND AND HARASSMENT: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS IN INDIA
Authors: JEYASEELAN VISALAKSHI , KUMAR SHUBA , JEYASEELAN L. , SHANKAR VISWANATHAN , YADAV BIJESH KUMAR , BANGDIWALA SHRIKANT I. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe practice of dowry is widespread in India and refers to the payment of cash/gifts by the bride's family to the bridegroom's family before marriage. Though prohibited by law, dowry is widely practised, and often contributes to severe injuries and even death of young brides. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for dowry demand and dowry harassment and its psychosocial correlates across different social strata in India, and also by husband and mother-in-law characteristics. In a cross-sectional survey of 9938 women in rural, urban and urban non-slum sites across India conducted in 1998–99, dowry demand was found to be significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) in the urban non-slum and rural areas (26% and 23% respectively) than in urban slum areas (18%). Overall, 17% of groom's families were not satisfied with the dowry, this being higher in rural areas (21%) than in urban slum and non-slum areas (about 14% in both). The overall prevalence of dowry harassment among this group of women was 13.3%. Mothers-in-law who had themselves experienced dowry demand were 14 (95% CI 5.0–40.4) and 5 (95% CI 1.3–18.9) times more likely to demand and harass daughters-in-law over dowry, respectively. Another significant risk factor for dowry-related harassment was mother-in law's status in the family. Interventions related to modifiable risk factors, such as increased social support at the community level, should help reduce dowry harassment.
The Soviet Bloc's Answer to European Integration: Catholic Anti-Germanism and the Polish Project of a ‘Catholic-Socialist’ International
Authors: KOSICKI PIOTR H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article explores an attempt by one Polish organisation – known until 1952 by the name of its weekly journal Dziś i Jutro, thereafter as PAX – to assemble a ‘Catholic-socialist’ international in the decade following the Second World War. This transnational project was predicated on co-operation across the Iron Curtain by Catholic thinkers and activists opposed to the rearmament and incorporation of (West) Germany into an integrated European community. The project's author Wojciech Kętrzyński deployed a discourse of protecting the ‘human person’ based on the prioritisation of global peace. Polish encounters with francophone Catholic activists from across Western Europe – especially with the French journal Esprit – bred serious intellectual engagement across the Iron Curtain at the level of Catholic philosophy and theology. Paradoxically, however, these activists accepted that the dignity of the human person would be best served by transnational anti-Germanism, at the price of complicity with – or outright participation in – Stalinism. The self-styled Catholic-socialist project thus failed, yet, surprisingly, it failed neither immediately nor completely. It thus reveals that possibilities existed throughout the cold war – even at the height of Soviet-bloc Stalinism – for intellectual, cultural and political exchanges and partnerships across the Iron Curtain.
Claiming Ethnic Privilege: Aromanian Immigrants and Romanian Fascist Politics
Authors: CLARK ROLAND 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLarge numbers of Aromanian immigrants in Southern Dobruja joined the fascist Legion of the Archangel Michael during the early 1930s. Deterritorialised by population transfers and state-building in Greek Macedonia, they reterritorialised themselves as ethnic Romanians ‘coming home’ to colonise Southern Dobruja. This article situates the Aromanian turn to fascist politics within the problems they faced during migration. It argues that Aromanians used fascism to assert their identities as Romanians and to claim ethnic privileges that had been denied them as immigrants.
How Udo Wanted to Save the World in ‘Erich's Lamp Shop’: Lindenberg's Concert in Honecker's East Berlin, the NATO Double-Track Decision and Communist Economic Woes
Authors: LÜTHI LORENZ M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe concert given by the West German rock star Udo Lindenberg in East Berlin on 25 October 1983 links cultural, political, diplomatic and economic history. The East German regime had banned performances by the anti-nuclear peace activist and musician since the 1970s, but eventually allowed a concert, hoping to prevent the deployment of American nuclear missiles in West Germany. In allowing this event, however, East Germany neither prevented the implementation of the NATO double-track decision of 1979 nor succeeded in controlling the political messages of the impertinent musician. Desperate for economic aid from the West, East Germany decided to cancel a promised Lindenberg tour in 1984, causing widespread disillusionment among his fans in the country.
The Othered Irish: Shades of Difference in Post-War Britain, 1948–71
Authors: CORBALLY JOHN 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to consider white Irish immigrants within the context of immigration of colour in post-war Britain. It considers the similarities in the imperial-historical reasons for the immigration of mostly poor rural workers from the West Indies, South Asia and Ireland. The discussion explores the experiences of both white and non-white immigrants in London and Birmingham up to 1971, comparing all three groups but focusing on Irish immigrants. I aim to append the Irish experience to analyses of post-war immigration, which tend to focus on non-white Commonwealth immigrants from the West Indies and South Asia. By exploring the Irish experience, I question existing scholarship which suggests Irish immigrants assimilated into post-war Britain free of the ethnic tensions and difficult conditions that migrants of colour indisputably endured. I also demonstrate the degree to which British historians have disregarded the experiences of Irish people in Britain.
A meta-analysis of re-treatment for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease
Authors: Yang Xi , Liu Guiying , Huang Yaqian , Chen Stella , Du Junbao , Jin Hongfang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the optimal drug therapy for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease.MethodsStudies regarding drug therapy for intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease were selected from medical electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Springer Link. The effectiveness in terms of temperature recovery and coronary artery damage was compared between a second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and glucocorticosteroid treatment for children with intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease using meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.3 software. Indices to evaluate the effects were body temperature, biomarker levels, and coronary artery lesions detected by echocardiography. Results are reported as relative risks or odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p<0.05.ResultsMeta-analysis included 52 patients in the second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment group and 75 patients in the glucocorticosteroid treatment control group from four studies that met our inclusion criteria. Temperatures of patients who received glucocorticosteroid treatment were effectively controlled compared with those who received a second intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (relative risk=0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.92, p=0.007). There were no differences, however, in the incidence of coronary artery lesions between the two groups (odds ratio=1.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–4.20, p=0.39).ConclusionsGlucocorticosteroids are more effective in controlling body temperature compared with intravenous immunoglobulin re-treatment in intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease children; however, glucocorticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin re-treatment showed no difference in the prevention of coronary artery lesions.
Using both principal component analysis and reduced rank regression to study dietary patterns and diabetes in Chinese adults
Authors: Batis Carolina , Mendez Michelle A , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Adair Linda , Popkin Barry 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the association between dietary patterns and diabetes using the strengths of two methods: principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the eating patterns of the population and reduced rank regression (RRR) to derive a pattern that explains the variation in glycated Hb (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting glucose.DesignWe measured diet over a 3 d period with 24 h recalls and a household food inventory in 2006 and used it to derive PCA and RRR dietary patterns. The outcomes were measured in 2009.SettingAdults (n 4316) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratio for diabetes prevalence (HbA1c≥6·5 %), comparing the highest dietary pattern score quartile with the lowest, was 1·26 (95 % CI 0·76, 2·08) for a modern high-wheat pattern (PCA; wheat products, fruits, eggs, milk, instant noodles and frozen dumplings), 0·76 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·17) for a traditional southern pattern (PCA; rice, meat, poultry and fish) and 2·37 (95 % CI 1·56, 3·60) for the pattern derived with RRR. By comparing the dietary pattern structures of RRR and PCA, we found that the RRR pattern was also behaviourally meaningful. It combined the deleterious effects of the modern high-wheat pattern (high intakes of wheat buns and breads, deep-fried wheat and soya milk) with the deleterious effects of consuming the opposite of the traditional southern pattern (low intakes of rice, poultry and game, fish and seafood).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that using both PCA and RRR provided useful insights when studying the association of dietary patterns with diabetes.
The effect of silver sulfadiazine and zinc oxide creams on dose distribution during radiotherapy.
Authors: Fackrell D. , Kirby D. , Sanghera P. , Hartley A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe use of metallic containing creams to prevent and treat radiodermatitis is controversial and lacking evidence base. We compare the dose effect of two metallic-based skin creams, which could be used for treating radiodermatitis, to a control.MethodologyUniversal containers of silver sulfadiazine cream, zinc oxide cream and aqueous cream were examined using a computed tomography scanner to assess their electron densities relative to water. Second, each cream was exposed to 100 kV and 6 MV photons. The relative doses were measured using an X-ray chamber.ResultsThe relative electron density measured was similar for the silver sulfadiazine and aqueous creams. Zinc oxide was 40% higher. The relative dose measurements showed that silver sulfadiazine behaved in a similar way to aqueous cream; however, zinc oxide cream exhibited a dose difference of 11·0% in kV photons and −4·1% in MV photons.ConclusionApplication of silver sulfadiazine appears unlikely to bring about significant changes in the dose distribution when compared with aqueous during MV or kV radiotherapy. While zinc oxide cream brought about more significant dose changes.
Novel variation and de novo mutation rates in population-wide de novo assembled Danish trios
Authors: Besenbacher Søren , Liu Siyang , Izarzugaza José M. G. , Grove Jakob , Belling Kirstine , Bork-Jensen Jette , Huang Shujia , Als Thomas D. , Li Shengting , Yadav Rachita , Rubio-García Arcadio , Lescai Francesco , Demontis Ditte , Rao Junhua , Ye Weijian , Mailund Thomas , Friborg Rune M. , Pedersen Christian N. S. , Xu Ruiqi , Sun Jihua , Liu Hao , Wang Ou , Cheng Xiaofang , Flores David , Rydza Emil , Rapacki Kristoffer , Damm Sørensen John , Chmura Piotr , Westergaard David , Dworzynski Piotr , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Lund Ole , Hansen Torben , Xu Xun , Li Ning , Bolund Lars , Pedersen Oluf , Eiberg Hans , Krogh Anders , Børglum Anders D. , Brunak Søren , Kristiansen Karsten , Schierup Mikkel H. , Wang Jun , Gupta Ramneek , Villesen Palle , Rasmussen Simon 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBuilding a population-specific catalogue of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels and structural variants (SVs) with frequencies, termed a national pan-genome, is critical for further advancing clinical and public health genetics in large cohorts. Here we report a Danish pan-genome obtained from sequencing 10 trios to high depth (50 × ). We report 536k novel SNVs and 283k novel short indels from mapping approaches and develop a population-wide de novo assembly approach to identify 132k novel indels larger than 10 nucleotides with low false discovery rates. We identify a higher proportion of indels and SVs than previous efforts showing the merits of high coverage and de novo assembly approaches. In addition, we use trio information to identify de novo mutations and use a probabilistic method to provide direct estimates of 1.27e−8 and 1.5e−9 per nucleotide per generation for SNVs and indels, respectively.
Human-to-mosquito transmission efficiency increases as malaria is controlled
Authors: Churcher Thomas S. , Trape Jean-François , Cohuet Anna 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe efficiency of malaria transmission between human and mosquito has been shown to be influenced by many factors in the laboratory, although their impact in the field and how this changes with disease endemicity are unknown. Here we estimate how human–mosquito transmission changed as malaria was controlled in Dielmo, Senegal. Mathematical models were fit to data collected between 1990 and the start of vector control in 2008. Results show that asexual parasite slide prevalence in humans has reduced from 70 to 20%, but that the proportion of infectious mosquitoes has remained roughly constant. Evidence suggests that this is due to an increase in transmission efficiency caused by a rise in gametocyte densities, although the uneven distribution of mosquito bites between hosts could also contribute. The resilience of mosquito infection to changes in endemicity will have important implications for planning disease control, and the development and deployment of transmission-reducing interventions.
A high resolution 7-Tesla resting-state fMRI test-retest dataset with cognitive and physiological measures
Authors: Gorgolewski Krzysztof J , Mendes Natacha , Wilfling Domenica , Wladimirow Elisabeth , Gauthier Claudine J , Bonnen Tyler , Ruby Florence J.M , Trampel Robert , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Cozatl Roberto , Smallwood Jonathan , Margulies Daniel S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHere we present a test-retest dataset of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired at rest. 22 participants were scanned during two sessions spaced one week apart. Each session includes two 1.5 mm isotropic whole-brain scans and one 0.75 mm isotropic scan of the prefrontal cortex, giving a total of six time-points. Additionally, the dataset includes measures of mood, sustained attention, blood pressure, respiration, pulse, and the content of self-generated thoughts (mind wandering). This data enables the investigation of sources of both intra- and inter-session variability not only limited to physiological changes, but also including alterations in cognitive and affective states, at high spatial resolution. The dataset is accompanied by a detailed experimental protocol and source code of all stimuli used.
Prenatal regression of the trophotaenial placenta in a viviparous fish, Xenotoca eiseni
Authors: Iida Atsuo , Nishimaki Toshiyuki , Sehara-Fujisawa Atsuko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe trophotaenial placenta is a branching, ribbon-like structure that extends from the perianal region of the embryo in viviparous teleost fishes belonging to the family Goodeidae. It is a hindgut-derived pseudoplacenta, which contributes to absorbing maternal nutrients during the prenatal stage. The trophotaeniae are known to reduce at birth; however, no previous study has evaluated the removal mechanisms. We report here the analysis of the trophotaeniae using the goodeid fish species Xenotoca eiseni. The X. eiseni trophotaenia consists of an epidermal cell layer, mesenchyme, vasculature and circulating erythrocytes. The trophotaeniae had preliminary regressed when the embryo was born. Immunohistochemistry indicated that caspase3-activated cells with fragmented nuclei are present in the regressed processes of the fry immediately after birth, but not in the vasculature and blood cells. This finding suggests that the trophotaenia is rapidly resorbed by apoptosis in the last phase of the pregnancy and that its circulatory pathway is maintained. Such prenatal regression of pseudoplacentae has not been reported in other viviparous vertebrates. On the other hand, similar apoptotic remodeling in the gut has been reported in amphibians, which is regulated by thyroid hormone. Thus, apoptotic regression of the trophotaeniae might occur in a manner similar to amphibian metamorphosis.
Effect of sonication time on the characteristics of nanophase hydroxyapatite crystals synthesised by the sol–gel technique
Authors: Utara Songkot , Klinkaewnarong Jutharatana 
Published: January 2015

An examination has been conducted of the effect of sonication time (25 kHz) at a constant temperature of 25°C on the structure of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate were used as starting materials. The gel formed by mixing the starting materials solution was subjected to sonication for 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. After sonication, HAp was dried at room temperature and calcined at 600°C for 2 h. The crystallisation, morphology and functional groups of the prepared nanoHAp were inspected by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD results revealed crystalline sizes in the range 50–58 nm and 3–5 of the crystalline fraction. The TEM results proved that the particle size of nano‐HAp decreased with increasing sonication time. In addition, the FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that an increase of sonication time led to an increase in the concentration of carbonate groups
Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@MnO2 composite magnetic submicrospheres as adsorbent for methyl orange decolouration
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , Yang Xiaojun , Wu Yuanxin 
Published: January 2015

Core–shell–shell composite (Fe3O4@SiO2@MnO2) submicrospheres were successfully synthesised by homogeneous precipitation of MnO2 on Fe3O4@SiO2 spheres, which were prepared by a modified sol–gel method with the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The synthesised multilayer‐structured nanocomposites were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the magnetic Fe3O4 cores were well wrapped by the intermediate layer of SiO2 with a thickness of 40 nm in the amorphous phase, and the MnO2 nanoparticles with a diameter not exceeding 10 nm were attached on the SiO2 shell. The magnetic measurements indicated that the Fe3O4@SiO2@MnO2 submicrospheres were of superparamagnetism with the saturation magnetisation of 29.41 eum/g. At the same time, the submicrospheres demonstrated a high chemical adsorption activity for methyl orange (MO) decolouration with efficiency of up to 93.76% within 1 h. Moreover, the submicrospheres were found to be stable under repeated applications of up to five successive cycles with a near constant adsorption activity after regeneration. It is expected that the adsorbent could be used for trace pollutants (MO) removal from water and recycled owing to its superparamagnetism properties and high adsorption activity.
Chiang Kai-shek’s “secret deal” at Xian and the start of the Sino-Japanese War
Authors: Tsang Steve 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUsing newly available archives, particularly the diary and the presidential papers of Chiang Kai-shek, this article challenges the conventional interpretations of the Xian Incident (1936), in particular the widely held belief that the kidnapping of China’s leader Chiang by two rebellious generals forced him to form a united front with the Communist Party to confront Japanese aggression, and of the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War 7 months later. It puts forth the interpretation that full-scale war between China and Japan was started not by Japan but by Chiang after a Japanese provocation, and the united front was only formed after Chiang ordered his best army units to attack Japanese forces in Shanghai in August 1937 turning it into the largest land battle after the First World War. It must be noted, however, that Japan acted provocatively and aggressively in a local incident outside Beijing a month earlier. Chiang decided on war not because he reached an agreement with the Chinese Communists to form a united front whilst a captive in Xian but because in Xian he received a signal from Josef Stalin that the Soviet Union would support him in a war with Japan. Chiang read Stalin right and the Soviet Union became the largest supplier of weapons to China in the first 4 years of China’s 8-year war with Japan. The hitherto unknown or “secret deal” Chiang made in Xian was an implicit one with Stalin, not with the Chinese Communist Party or its man on the spot Zhou Enlai.
Interdisciplinary trends in higher education
Authors: James Jacob W 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe knowledge economy requires an adept workforce and cadre of leaders to help address the many challenges and needs facing companies, governments and societies worldwide. Many of the challenges we face today are new and there will undoubtedly be others arise in the future that will require innovative approaches and solutions to overcome them. No longer are higher education institutions able to train graduates to address all of the current and emerging challenges from a singular disciplinary source. Interdisciplinary (ID) approaches to research and training are essential underpinnings to best meet the dynamic needs of today’s higher education students. As the first in a series of forthcoming articles on ID research, this article examines ID trends in higher education research, instruction and degree offerings. It highlights how central ID solutions are in helping to address some of the most complex needs and challenges in higher education today, including how best to prepare higher education graduates for future employment and leadership positions.
History
Authors: Malone David M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter reviews the history of India, sketching out aspects of Indian experience over the millennia that are relevant to its contemporary self-image as well as some past efforts to project abroad Indian aspirations, values, and power. It addresses a number of problematic yet common myths regarding key features of Indian civilization, especially with regard to the nature of religious communities and their interaction, as well as the nature of immigration processes and the accommodation of diverse ethnic and linguistic groups over the twentieth century. Two broad phenomena emerge as constants in Indian history. First, the repeated influx of peoples and ideas from the northwest, at times in the form of invasions, but more often through migration, pastoral circuits, or as traders and missionaries, is striking. Second, barring the colonial period, Indian history is characterized by alternating cycles of imperial consolidation and processes of decentralization, with foreign influences accommodated and assimilated, and ‘cultural fusions’ occurring throughout.