bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbon—Silicon Bond Activation for Synthesis of Benzosilole Derivatives.
Authors: Onoe Masahiro , Baba Katsuaki , Kim Yoonjoo , Kita Yusuke , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis method yields benzosiloles from 2‐silylphenylboronic acids under mild conditions and with tolerance for a variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward and Highly Efficient Synthesis of Diselenocarbamates.
Authors: Pan Xiangqiang , Zhu Jian , Zou Jianping , Zhang Zhengbiao , Cheng Zhenping , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAminium diselenocarbamates, generated in situ from amines and carbon diselenide, react with a broad spectrum of alkyl halides to give the target compounds in a one pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium Compounds in Click Chemistry: Copper Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azidomethyl Arylselenides and Alkynes.
Authors: Seus Natalia , Saraiva Maiara T. , Alberto Eduardo E. , Savegnago Lucielli , Alves Diego 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe title reaction allows an efficient access to biologically important selenium‐containing triazoles like (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylated Methoxy—Macrolactins from a Marine Sediment Bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Authors: Shin Hee Jae , Tareq Fakir Shahidullah , Kim Ji Hye , Lee Min Ah , Lee Hyi‐Seung , Lee Yeon‐Ju , Lee Jong‐Seok 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIsolation and structure elucidation of three new macrolactins (I)—(III) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ubiguitous DOTA and Its Derivatives: The Impact of 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic Acid on Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Stasiuk Graeme J. , Long Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReview: 148 refs.
Improved pre‐treatment of porous stainless steel substrate for preparation of Pd‐based composite membrane
Authors: Xu Nong , Ryi Shinkun , Li Anwu , Grace John R. , Lim Jim , Boyd Tony 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe integrity and robustness of Pd‐based composite membranes depend heavily on the quality of the metallic substrate. This paper presents an improved method for pre‐treating the substrate. Detailed pre‐treatment steps of these porous stainless steel substrates included washing, polishing, etching, coating the first alumina layer, calcining the first alumina layer, coating the second alumina layer, calcining the second alumina layer and repair. The repair cycle was the most helpful step, greatly improving the membrane reproducibility and stability. Repeat coating with dilute suspensions of alumina particles of 0.3 µm mean diameter can repair defects on the top alumina layer. The hydrogen permeation flux was 268 × 10−4 N m3/(m2 h Pa) after one repair cycle, decreasing by 14% after an additional repair cycle. The hydrogen permeation flux of the pre‐treated porous stainless steel substrate was thus maintained at a level comparable with previous work. Surface topography revealed that the average roughness was reduced from 1.15 to 0.47 µm, and the surface Maximum Peak to Valley decreased from 17.5 to 6.0 µm/mm2 as a result of the pre‐treatment.
Long‐term statistical stability of industrial plants: Performance indicators and monitoring of an industrial pet plant
Authors: Filgueiras Viviane , Lima Enrique Luis , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the present work, usual statistical process control (SPC) definitions are reformulated to allow for long‐term analyses, giving rise to extended statistical process control (ESPC) procedures. In order to allow for implementation of the ESPC approach, t‐ and F‐control charts and monitoring indexes (NEPM, EPY and OEP) are designed in this work and are used to monitor the performance of a real industrial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) site based on six process outputs (intrinsic viscosity, crystallinity, acetaldehyde concentration and colours a, b and L). As shown in this manuscript, ESPC tools allow for proper and systematic analysis of huge amounts of industrial data, using simple, fast and efficient statistical techniques, which can be used to improve the quality of the process operation in most industrial polymerisation plants.
Synthesis and Anti‐herpetic Activity of Phosphoramidate ProTides
Authors: Maiti Munmun , Persoons Leentje , Andrei Graciela , Snoeck Robert , Balzarini Jan , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAmong the many prodrug approaches aimed at delivering nucleoside monophosphates into cells, the phosphoramidate ProTide approach is one that has shown success, which has made it possible for some of the phosphoramidates to enter into clinical trials. Herein, we report the synthesis and antiviral activity of a series of phosphoramidate ProTides designed to bypass the thymidine kinase (TK) dependence of the parent nucleoside analogues. Phosphoramidate derivatives of (E)‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BVDU) that contain L‐alanine or pivaloyloxymethyl iminodiacetate (IDA‐POM) exhibit anti‐HSV‐1 and anti‐VZV activity in cell cultures, but they largely lost antiviral potency against TK‐deficient virus strains. Among deazapurine nucleosides and their phosphoramidate derivatives, the 7‐deazaadenine containing nucleosides and their phosphoramidate triester derivatives showed weak antiviral activity against VZV. Apparently, intracellular nucleotide delivery with these phosphoramidates is partly successful. However, none of the compound prodrugs showed superior activity to their parent drugs.
A mathematical model of natural killer cell activity
Authors: Scherbakova Anna , Lust Helen , Everaus Hele , Aints Alar 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are capable of lysing their target cells with the help of perforin. The application of these cells for immunotherapy requires the estimation of their potency for the purpose of validation and batch‐to‐batch comparison. Cytotoxicity measurements have been carried out at only a few effector target ratios, therefore, allowing only semiquantitative assessment at best. By using a novel approach of varying the effector target ratio continuously and careful analysis of the experimental data after the reactions, we have achieved a precision necessary for constructing a mathematical model of cytotoxic reaction. Curve‐fitting to experimental data indicates that NK cell cytotoxicity follows the law of mass action and fits the model of a single ligand–receptor interaction. The method allows to use the value of half‐maximal lysis to describe the potency of cytotoxic NK cells numerically. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Geographic mode of speciation in a mountain specialist Avian family endemic to the Palearctic
Authors: Drovetski Sergei V. , Semenov Georgy , Drovetskaya Sofya S. , Fadeev Igor V. , Red'kin Yaroslav A. , Voelker Gary 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMountains host greater avian diversity than lowlands at the same latitude due to their greater diversity of habitats stratified along an elevation gradient. Here we test whether this greater ecological heterogeneity promotes sympatric speciation. We selected accentors (Prunellidae), an avian family associated with mountains of the Palearctic, as a model system. Accentors differ in their habitat/elevation preferences and south‐central Siberia and Himalayan regions each host 6 of the 13 species in the family. We used sequences of the mtDNA ND2 gene and the intron 9 of the Z chromosome specific ACO1 gene to reconstruct a complete species‐level phylogeny of Prunellidae. The tree based on joint analysis of both loci was used to reconstruct the family's biogeographic history and to date the diversification events. We also analyzed the relationship between the node age and sympatry, to determine the geographic mode of speciation in Prunellidae. Our data suggest a Miocene origin of Prunellidae in the Himalayan region. The major division between alpine species (subgenus Laiscopus) and species associated with shrubs (subgenus Prunella) and initial diversification events within the latter happened within the Himalayan region in the Miocene and Pliocene. Accentors colonized other parts of the Palearctic during the Pliocene‐Pleistocene transition. This spread across the Palearctic resulted in rapid diversification of accentors. With only a single exception dating to 0.91 Ma, lineages younger than 1.5 Ma are allopatric. In contrast, sympatry values for older nodes are >0. There was no relationship between node age and range symmetry. Allopatric speciation (not to include peripatric) is the predominant geographic mode of speciation in Prunellidae despite the favorable conditions for ecological diversification in the mountains and range overlaps among species.
Ejaculate investment and attractiveness in the stalk‐eyed fly, Diasemopsis meigenii
Authors: Harley Elisabeth , Birge Leanna M. , Small Jennifer , Tazzyman Samuel J. , Pomiankowski Andrew , Fowler Kevin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe phenotype‐linked fertility hypothesis proposes that male fertility is advertised via phenotypic signals, explaining female preference for highly sexually ornamented males. An alternative view is that highly attractive males constrain their ejaculate allocation per mating so as to participate in a greater number of matings. Males are also expected to bias their ejaculate allocation to the most fecund females. We test these hypotheses in the African stalk‐eyed fly, Diasemopsis meigenii. We ask how male ejaculate allocation strategy is influenced by male eyespan and female size. Despite large eyespan males having larger internal reproductive organs, we found no association between male eyespan and spermatophore size or sperm number, lending no support to the phenotype‐linked fertility hypothesis. However, males mated for longer and transferred more sperm to large females. As female size was positively correlated with fecundity, this suggests that males gain a selective advantage by investing more in large females. Given these findings, we consider how female mate preference for large male eyespan can be adaptive despite the lack of obvious direct benefits.
A General Procedure for the Regioselective Synthesis of Aryl Thioethers and Aryl Selenides Through C–H Activation of Arenes
Authors: Yi Chih‐Lun , Liu Tsung‐Jui , Cheng Jun‐Hao , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA general procedure for the synthesis of aryl thioethers and aryl selenides in one‐pot through sequential iridium‐catalyzed C–H borylation and copper‐promoted C–S and C–Se bond formation is described. Functional groups including chloro, nitro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles were all tolerated under the reaction conditions. Importantly, not only aryl thiols and selenides but also their alkyl analogs were suitable coupling partners, and the products were obtained in good yields with high meta regioselectivity.
Natural Gas Matters: Polarization in the LNG Export Debate
Authors: Smead Richard G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecent congressional hearings around the proposed export of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the United States, along with the comment process at the Department of Energy (DOE), have reflected the kind of polarization with which we have become familiar in our political process. A very bright spot was the formation of a bipartisan “LNG Export Working Group” in the House of Representatives, consisting of four Republicans and four Democrats, all from producing states and dedicated to finding a workable way to reach resolution on export issues.
MRI in the workup of biliary tract filling defects
Authors: Eason Joseph B. , Taylor Andrew J. , Yu Jinxing 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have made imaging the biliary tract faster while providing excellent anatomic reproduction of this duct system. MRI/MR‐cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has now become the first‐line imaging procedure for many biliary tract problems. This work briefly discusses the MR techniques for biliary tree imaging and reviews MRI's role in the numerous diagnoses of filling defects in the biliary tract. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1020–1034. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling the pull‐in behavior of electrostatically actuated micro beams by an approximate finite element method
Authors: Zhou Wu , Shen Huaqin , Guo Zaoyang , Peng Bei 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe establish the deflection functions of electrostatically actuated micro beams by an approximate finite element method (AFEM), in which the beam and the electrostatic load are discretized. The beam is replaced with a series of beam elements by traditional FEM. Using the total differential of the distributed electrostatic force, we represent such a force with the nodal forces on the beam elements. We calculate the deformation curve of the beam by gradually loading voltage in small increments, and pull‐in behavior is identified when the convergence of the deflection iteration cannot be achieved after voltage increment. The proposed method considers the effect of deformation on stiffness by establishing a new equivalent stiffness matrix for each voltage step based on of the results of previous steps. Through this approach, we prevent the approximate errors of the stiffness matrix from accumulating. The AFEM results on micro beams with different geometries indicate good agreement with those obtained by other studies and those derived using commercial FE software. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiology of iatrogenic facial nerve injury: A decade of experience
Authors: Hohman Marc H. , Bhama Prabhat K. , Hadlock Tessa A. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the procedure‐specific incidence, risk factors, and injury patterns in patients with iatrogenic facial nerve injury as seen at a tertiary care facial nerve center.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsFacial Nerve Center patient records from 2002 to 2012 were reviewed for cases of iatrogenic facial nerve injury. These were analyzed by type of inciting procedure, injury location, patient demographics, and referral pattern.ResultsOut of 1,810 patient records, 102 were identified that involved iatrogenic facial nerve injury. Oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures accounted for 40% of injuries, resections of head and neck lesions 25%, otologic procedures 17%, cosmetic procedures 11%, and other procedures 7%. The most common operation resulting in facial nerve injury was temporomandibular joint replacement. The most frequent pattern of injury was total hemifacial weakness.ConclusionsIatrogenic facial nerve injury occurs most commonly in temporomandibular joint replacement, mastoidectomy, and parotidectomy. Direct visualization of the nerve may decrease the incidence of injury, and early referral for facial nerve exploration may result in improved outcomes.Level of Evidence2b.Laryngoscope, 124:260–265, 2014
Meromorphic Painlevé transcendents at a fixed singularity
Authors: Kaneko Kazuo , Ohyama Yousuke 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe classify solutions of the third Painlevé equation \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$P^{\prime }_{\rm III}$\end{document}, which are meromorphic around the origin, and determine their linear monodromy. Combined with 4, 5, all of meromorphic solutions of the Painlevé equations around fixed singular points of the Briot‐Bouquet type are completely determined. We characterize the linear monodromy of meromorphic solutions for the third, fifth and sixth Painlevé equations.
Methods of linking mothers and infants using health plan data for studies of pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Johnson Karin E. , Beaton Sarah J. , Andrade Susan E. , Cheetham T. Craig , Scott Pamela E. , Hammad Tarek A. , Dashevsky Inna , Cooper William O. , Davis Robert L. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Raebel Marsha A. , Smith David H. , Toh Sengwee , Li De‐Kun , Haffenreffer Katherine , Dublin Sascha 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeResearch on medication safety in pregnancy often utilizes health plan and birth certificate records. This study discusses methods used to link mothers with infants, a crucial step in such research.MethodsWe describe how eight sites participating in the Medication Exposure in Pregnancy Risk Evaluation Program created linkages between deliveries, infants and birth certificates for the 2001–2007 birth cohorts. We describe linkage rates across sites, and for two sites, we compare the characteristics of populations linked using different methods.ResultsOf 299 260 deliveries, 256 563 (86%; range by site, 74–99%) could be linked to infants using a deterministic algorithm. At two sites, using birth certificate data to augment mother–infant linkage increased the representation of mothers who were Hispanic or non‐White, younger, Medicaid recipients, or had low educational level. A total of 236 460 (92%; range by site, 82–100%) deliveries could be linked to a birth certificate.ConclusionsTailored approaches enabled linking most deliveries to infants and to birth certificates, even when data systems differed. The methods used may affect the composition of the population identified. Linkages established with such methods can support sound pharmacoepidemiology studies of maternal drug exposure outside the context of a formal registry. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploration of swapping enzymatic function between two proteins: A simulation study of chorismate mutase and isochorismate pyruvate lyase
Authors: Choutko Alexandra , Eichenberger Andreas P. , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. , Dolenc Jožica 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe enzyme chorismate mutase EcCM from Escherichia coli catalyzes one of the few pericyclic reactions in biology, the transformation of chorismate to prephenate. The isochorismate pyruvate lyase PchB from Pseudomonas aeroginosa catalyzes another pericyclic reaction, the isochorismate to salicylate transformation. Interestingly, PchB possesses weak chorismate mutase activity as well thus being able to catalyze two distinct pericyclic reactions in a single active site. EcCM and PchB possess very similar folds, despite their low sequence identity. Using molecular dynamics simulations of four combinations of the two enzymes (EcCM and PchB) with the two substrates (chorismate and isochorismate) we show that the electrostatic field due to EcCM at atoms of chorismate favors the chorismate to prephenate transition and that, analogously, the electrostatic field due to PchB at atoms of isochorismate favors the isochorismate to salicylate transition. The largest differences between EcCM and PchB in electrostatic field strengths at atoms of the substrates are found to be due to residue side chains at distances between 0.6 and 0.8 nm from particular substrate atoms. Both enzymes tend to bring their non‐native substrate in the same conformation as their native substrate. EcCM and to a lower extent PchB fail in influencing the forces on and conformations of the substrate such as to favor the other chemical reaction (isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity for EcCM and chorismate mutase activity for PchB). These observations might explain the difficulty of engineering isochorismate pyruvate lyase activity in EcCM by solely mutating active site residues.
A ROADMAP FOR RIPARIAN INVASION RESEARCH
Authors: Greene Samantha L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTRiparian habitats provide numerous ecosystem services and support a diversity of ecological processes, yet they are environmentally sensitive landscapes susceptible to species invasion. As the global population grows, urban, exurban, suburban and rural development of riparian landscapes and dependence on the associated ecosystem services will increase. To preserve riparian systems, research should assess causes and consequences of riparian invasion and effective restoration measures across a diversity of biomes. This paper categorizes the types of riparian invasion research studies and investigates research trends in the riparian invasion literature. The analysis shows that research focuses on drivers and patterns of invasion is primarily focused on North America and Europe and is scant in high biodiversity biomes, such as the tropics and humid subtropics. Future population growth is predicted to occur in poorly researched regions. Future riparian invasion research should focus on regions of high biodiversity and identify consequences of invasion and restoration measures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Measurements of the Mechanical Strength of Carbon Nanotube–Poly(methyl methacrylate) Interfaces
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Zheng Meng , Park Cheol , Ke Changhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the interfacial stress transfer between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polymer matrices is of great importance to the development of CNT‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites. In this paper, an experimental study is presented of the interfacial strength between individual double‐walled CNTs and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using an in situ nanomechanical single‐tube pull‐out testing scheme inside a high‐resolution electron microscope. By pulling out individual tubes with different embedded lengths, this work reveals the shear lag effect on the nanotube–polymer interface and demonstrates that the effective interfacial load transfer occurs only within a certain embedded length. These results show that the CNT–PMMA interface possesses an interfacial fracture energy within 0.054–0.80 J/m2 and a maximum interfacial strength within 85–372 MPa. This work is useful to better understand the local stress transfer on nanotube–polymer interfaces.
Efficient Welding of Silver Nanowire Networks without Post‐Processing
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Lee Inhwa , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSilver nanowire (AgNW) random meshes have attracted considerable attention as flexible and high‐performance transparent electrodes. Notably, post‐treatment of the AgNW random meshes, such as thermal annealing, is usually required to guarantee comparable optical transparency and electrical conductivity to commercial indium tin oxide (ITO). Here, the integral elements of preparing a high‐performance, large‐area AgNW random mesh network are discussed. High‐performance nanostructured transparent electrodes can be obtained without any post‐treatment, thereby relieving the restrictions related to the substrate. Solvent washing and a large‐area spray‐coating method effectively reduce the wire–wire contact resistances, thus reducing or eliminating the requirement for post‐treatment.
High consequence systems phenomenological characterization: A tutorial
Authors: Sanders Gary A. , Sarkani Shahram , Mazzuchi Thomas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEffective and efficient risk management processes include the use of modeling and simulation during the concept exploration phase as part of the technology and risk assessment activities, with testing and evaluation tasks occurring in later design development phases. However, some safety requirements and design architectures may be dominated by the low probability/high consequence, previously unknown or uncharacterized vulnerabilities that require very early testing to characterize and efficiently mitigate. Failure to address these unique risks has led to catastrophic systems failures including the Space Shuttle Challenger, Deepwater Horizon, the Fukushima nuclear reactor, and Katrina levee failures. Discovering and addressing these risks later in the design and development process can be very costly or even lead to project cancellation. This paper presents a framework for the risk management process adoption of early hazard phenomenology testing to inform the technical risk assessment, requirements definition, and conceptual design. A case study of the lightning design vulnerability of the insensitive high explosives being used in construction, demolition, and defense industries will be presented to examine the impact of this vulnerability testing during the concept exploration phase of the design effort. ©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16: