bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer and inflammation: Differentiation by USPIO‐enhanced MR imaging
Authors: Seyfer Perla , Pagenstecher Axel , Mandic Robert , Klose Klaus‐Jochen , Heverhagen Johannes T. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo assess ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) ‐enhanced MR imaging for the differentiation of malignant from benign, inflammatory lesions.Materials and MethodsIn this study, approved by the local animal care committee, VX2 carcinoma and intramuscular abscesses were implanted into the hind thighs of New Zealand White rabbits. MR imaging was performed pre contrast and serially for 24 h after the injection of USPIO. MR findings were compared with histopathologic results based on Prussian blue stains for the presence of iron.ResultsTwenty‐four hours after the Ferumoxtran‐injection, no changes were observed in VX2 carcinomas, whereas a mean reduction of the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of approximately 90% was noticed in abscesses as well as in necrotic tumors. On histopathologic examination, abscess and necrotic parts of the tumor were found to include iron‐containing monocytes demonstrating that the reduction in CNR was caused by USPIO‐tagged monocytes.ConclusionOur results prove the ability of USPIO‐enhanced MRI to differentiate benign, inflammatory from malignant lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:665–672. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of cardiac volumes using an isotropic whole‐heart dual cardiac phase sequence in pediatric patients
Authors: Delgado Jorge A. , Abad Pedro , Rascovsky Simon , Calvo Victor , Castrillon Gabriel , Greil Gerald , Uribe Sergio 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of a three‐dimensional dual phase (3D DP) whole‐heart technique for cardiac volumetric assessment in pediatric patients with cardiac abnormalities.Materials and MethodsThe institutional approved this study, and informed consent was obtained from patients or their guardians. This prospective study involved 31 pediatric patients (mean age, 7.9 years; range, 15 days to 15 years) for the assessment of cardiac abnormalities using cardiovascular MR. A standard protocol was performed for assessing cardiac anatomy and function. For evaluating the 3D DP technique, statistical comparison with a 2D cine multi‐slice technique (2D steady‐state free‐precession [SSFP]) was performed using linear regression, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland Altman plots.ResultsLeft (LV) and right (RV) ventricular cardiac volumes obtained with the 3D DP technique were in strong agreement with those obtained with the 2D SSFP technique for small and large ventricular volumes. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between both techniques were 0.992 for the LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV), 0.983 for the LV end‐systolic volume (ESV), 0.952 for the LV‐systolic volume (SV), 0.992 for the RV‐EDV, 0.992 for the RV‐ESV, 0.928 for the RV‐SV. Interobserver analysis indicated good reproducibility for both the 2D SSFP and the 3D DP techniques.ConclusionThe 3D DP technique provides as accurate cardiac volumes as the 2D SSFP technique in the pediatric population, but with the added benefits of easier data acquisition and detailed anatomical information of the whole heart and great vessels in a single free‐breathing scan. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:708–716. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New dynamic three‐dimensional MRI technique for shoulder kinematic analysis
Authors: Pierrart Jérôme , Lefèvre‐Colau Marie‐Martine , Skalli Wafa , Vuillemin Valérie , Masmejean Emmanuel H. , Cuénod Charles A. , Gregory Thomas M. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo establish a new imaging technique using dynamic MRI three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric acquisition in real‐time, on six normal shoulders for the analysis of the 3D shoulder kinematics during continuous motion.Materials and MethodsAt first, a standard static acquisition was performed. Then, fast images were obtained with a multi‐slice 3D balanced gradient echo sequence to get a real time series during the initial phase of shoulder abduction. Subsequently, the images were reconstructed; registered and the translational patterns of the humeral head relative to the glenoid and the size of the subacromial space were calculated. Additionally, the intraobserver reproducibility was tested.ResultsThe maximal abduction was on average 43° (30° to 60°) and the mean width of the subacromial space was 7.7 mm (SD: ± 1.2 mm). Difference between extreme values and average values was low, respectively 2.5 mm on X‐axis, 2 mm on Y‐axis, 1.4 mm for the width of the subacromial space and 1.2° for the measure of the glenohumeral abduction.ConclusionThis study reported a dynamic MRI protocol for the monitoring of shoulder 3D kinematics during continuous movement. The results suggest that there is no superior shift of the humeral head during the first phase of abduction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:729–734. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Black and Minority Ethnic Leaders in the Health Sector
Authors: Ashraf Fahmida 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAs several studies indicate, the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom is one of the largest employers for Black and minority ethnic (BME) people. Despite many positive action (PA) initiatives to support disadvantaged groups, only a handful of people have managed to progress to senior management. This article considers published literature in relation to BME leadership in NHS and the specific types of PA activities that have been set up to address some issues around inequality. In addition to PA activities, the article also considers the U.K. equality framework. Positive action is allowed under the U.K. legislation for organizations to recruit people from underrepresented communities on merit. It allows organizations to create different initiatives for people to gain appropriate qualifications, skills, and experience to compete for promotions or for better job opportunities.
Degrees of Success
Authors: Johnson Stacy , Scammell Janet , Serrant‐Green Laura 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBy the end of 2013, all programs leading to the registered nurse qualification in the United Kingdom will be at the bachelor's degree level. There is concern that all‐degree nursing education might threaten the diversity of the future nursing workforce in the United Kingdom.This article reports on a qualitative pilot study exploring the critical issues for access, recruitment, and retention of Black and minority ethnic (BME) students in U.K. nursing degree programs from the students' perspective. The study utilized action research, and this article reports on the first two stages of the action research cycle, problem identification and identification of actions. The data were collected through focus groups and interviews with BME students and then analyzed with iterative thematic analysis.The objective was to inform an action framework for U.K. universities devising access, recruitment, admission, and retention practice for BME students when U.K. nurse training becomes all degree.
Substance Abuse Needs Assessment
Authors: Lidster Olwyn , Cannon Violet M. P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article describes and reflects on a service evaluation of drug and alcohol provision for Gypsy and Traveller communities in a city in the north of England. Findings from the study are presented, along with findings from existing literature on engaging and supporting Gypsy and Traveller communities in accessing health care services. The article reports similarities between the current study and previous studies in regard to substance abuse problems in these communities and barriers to accessing services. Gypsy and Traveller perceptions of heath care provision are thematically analyzed, and recommendations for both future studies and service improvement are made based on these perceptions.The findings from the study mirror results from existing studies regarding feelings of pride and shame being a barrier to accessing services as well as fear of discrimination. It is clear from the findings that some Gypsies and Travellers do have drug or alcohol problems, or both, in their communities and that they do not know where they can go for help. There were two overarching themes from the responses to all the questions asked: “shame” in admitting they had a problem and services not understanding their culture. Many suggested that people from their own community who understand them working in services would be helpful. The findings indicate issues that health care providers need to consider in preparing this population for effective, accessible substance abuse treatment.
A Comparative Analysis of Affirmative Action in the United Kingdom and United States
Authors: Archibong Uduak , Sharps Phyllis W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBased on research conducted during a large‐scale European Commission project on international perspectives on positive/affirmative action measures, the authors provide a comparative analysis of the legal context and perceptions of the impact of positive action in the United Kingdom and the United States. The study adopted participatory methods including consensus workshops, interviews, and legal analysis to obtain data from those individuals responsible for designing and implementing positive action measures. Findings are discussed, conclusions drawn, and wide‐ranging recommendations are made at governmental and organizational levels. The authors conclude by suggesting possible implications for policy and argue for widespread awareness‐raising campaigns of both the need for positive action measures for disadvantaged groups and the benefits of such measures for wider society. They also recommend the adoption of a more coherent and collaborative approach to the utilization and evaluation of the effectiveness of positive or affirmative action.
Isolation and foaming functionality of acid‐soluble protein from lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) kernels
Authors: Wong Alester , Pitts Keith , Jayasena Vijay , Johnson Stuart 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAustralian sweet lupin (ASL) protein is conventionally isolated by alkaline extraction/acid precipitation, leaving a waste stream containing acid‐soluble proteins (ASPs) and contaminating raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). The foaming functionality of ASP isolated from ASL is not known, but ASP from another lupin species has demonstrated high foaming functionality.RESULTSPre‐soaking ASL kernels increased their protein/RFO ratio; however, some protein was lost by soaking. The foaming capacity of ASL protein isolated by different methods was ranked in the following order: alkaline extraction/isoelectric precipitation < direct acid extraction (novel ASP) < supernatant from isoelectric precipitation (conventional ASP) < ultrafiltered novel ASP = fresh egg white. Electrophoresis indicated enrichment of γ‐conglutin and albumin peptides in ASPs and of a single peptide in the fibre residue from alkaline extraction.CONCLUSIONThe high foaming capacity of ultrafiltered novel ASP, similar to that of fresh egg white, indicates the potential of this lupin protein as a food ingredient for foaming applications. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular Biology and Inhibitors of Hepatitis A Virus
Authors: Debing Yannick , Neyts Johan , Thibaut Hendrik Jan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a faeco‐orally transmitted picornavirus and is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. An overview of the molecular biology of HAV is presented with an emphasis on recent findings. Immune evasion strategies and a possible correlation between HAV and atopy are discussed as well. Despite the availability of efficient vaccines, antiviral drugs targeting HAV are required to treat severe cases of fulminant hepatitis, contain outbreaks, and halt the potential spread of vaccine‐escape variants. Additionally, such drugs could be used to shorten the period of illness and decrease associated economical costs. Several known inhibitors of HAV with various mechanisms of action will be discussed. Since none of these molecules is readily useable in the clinic and since the availability of an anti‐HAV drug would be of clinical importance, increased efforts should be targeted toward discovery and development of such antivirals.
Adiabatic inversion pulses for myocardial T1 mapping
Authors: Kellman Peter , Herzka Daniel A. , Hansen Michael Schacht 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the error in T1 estimates using inversion‐recovery‐based T1 mapping due to imperfect inversion and to perform a systematic study of adiabatic inversion pulse designs in order to maximize inversion efficiency for values of transverse relaxation (T2) in the myocardium subject to a peak power constraint.MethodsThe inversion factor for hyperbolic secant and tangent/hyperbolic tangent adiabatic full passage waveforms was calculated using Bloch equations. A brute‐force search was conducted for design parameters: pulse duration, frequency range, shape parameters, and peak amplitude. A design was selected that maximized the inversion factor over a specified range of amplitude and off‐resonance and validated using phantom measurements. Empirical correction for imperfect inversion was performed.ResultsThe tangent/hyperbolic tangent adiabatic pulse was found to outperform hyperbolic secant designs and achieve an inversion factor of 0.96 within ±150 Hz over 25% amplitude range with 14.7 µT peak amplitude. T1 mapping errors of the selected design due to imperfect inversion was ∼4% and could be corrected to <1%.ConclusionsNonideal inversion leads to significant errors in inversion‐recovery‐based T1 mapping. The inversion efficiency of adiabatic pulses is sensitive to transverse relaxation. The tangent/hyperbolic tangent design achieved the best performance subject to the peak amplitude constraint. Magn Reson Med 71:1428–1434, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hybrid association rule mining approach for characterizing network traffic behaviour
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Yuefeng 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYUnderstanding network traffic behaviour is crucial for managing and securing computer networks. One important technique is to mine frequent patterns or association rules from analysed traffic data. On the one hand, association rule mining usually generates a huge number of patterns and rules, many of them meaningless or user‐unwanted; on the other hand, association rule mining can miss some necessary knowledge if it does not consider the hierarchy relationships in the network traffic data. Aiming to address such issues, this paper proposes a hybrid association rule mining method for characterizing network traffic behaviour. Rather than frequent patterns, the proposed method generates non‐similar closed frequent patterns from network traffic data, which can significantly reduce the number of patterns. This method also proposes to derive new attributes from the original data to discover novel knowledge according to hierarchy relationships in network traffic data and user interests. Experiments performed on real network traffic data show that the proposed method is promising and can be used in real applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐step Separation and Purification of Three Lignans and One Flavonol from Sinopodophyllum emodi by Medium‐pressure Liquid Chromatography and High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography
Authors: Wang Ping , Liu Yongling , Chen Tao , Xu Wenhua , You Jinmao , Liu Yongjun , Li Yulin 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionLignans and flavonols are the primary constituents of Sinopodophyllum emodi and have been used as cathartic, anthelmintic, chemotherapeutic and anti‐hypertensive compounds. Although these compounds have been isolated, there have been no reports on the separation of 4′‐demethyl podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin and kaempferol in one step by medium‐pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).ObjectiveDevelopment of an efficient method for the preparative separation and purification of three lignans and one flavonol from S. emodi.MethodsThe precipitate of crude extracts was first separated by MPLC into four parts, numbered GJ‐1, GJ‐2, GJ‐3 and GJ‐4. GJ‐1 was separated and purified by HSCCC using a solvent system composed of n‐hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (1.75:1.5:1:0.75, v/v/v/v). The purities of the target compounds were assessed using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemical structures were identified by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR.ResultsThe HSCCC and MPLC methods were successfully used for the preparative separation and purification of 4′‐demethyl podophyllotoxin (8.5 mg, 92.4%), podophyllotoxin (40.1 mg, 92.1%), deoxypodophyllotoxin (4.6 mg, 98.1%), and kaempferol (1.6 mg, 96.7%) from a 100 mg sample.ConclusionThree lignans (4′‐demethyl podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin, deoxypodophyllotoxin) and one flavonol (kaempferol) were successfully isolated by HSCCC and MPLC in one step. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy: An evaluation of therapies provided by trainees at a university psychotherapy training center
Authors: Hiltunen Arto J. , Kocys Elo , Perrin‐Wallqvist Renée 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAt the psychotherapy training center at Karlstad University, a study was carried out to examine the levels of symptom change and satisfaction with therapy in a heterogeneous population of clients treated using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) by less experienced trainee therapists with limited theoretical education. The clients received an average of 11 therapy sessions. The results suggested that CBT performed by less experienced trainee therapists can be effective. According to client estimations, a statistically significant reduction in symptoms, measured using the Symptoms Checklist, was achieved for seven of nine variables (p ≤ .006), as well as a significant increase in satisfaction with life (p ≤ .001). Also, the pre‐ and posttherapy measurements using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale showed a statistically significant improvement in the clients' condition. According to the therapists' estimations, 64% (SD = 32.01) of the clients experienced a significant improvement in their condition. In addition, the results of a survey of client satisfaction demonstrated that the clients were very pleased with the therapy received. Also the therapists were, to a great extent, satisfied with the treatment process itself, including the supervision received, and very satisfied with the client alliance. A correlation analysis between the clients' perceived level of improvement and therapist satisfaction showed a strong correlation between the two variables (r = .50, p < .005). By including the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS) in our study it was possible to measure trueness to therapy form. An analysis of the CPPS results confirmed that the form of therapy used at the training site was more strongly CBT than psychodynamic interpersonal treatment (p ≤ .001). The CBT subscale score indicated that the therapy was characteristic of CBT, confirming that the interventions used in the therapy belong to the CBT genre.
A Bayesian network‐based approach for learning attack strategies from intrusion alerts
Authors: Kavousi Fatemeh , Akbari Behzad 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA tremendous number of low‐level alerts reported by information security systems clearly reflect the need for an advanced alert correlation system to reduce alert redundancy, correlate security alerts, detect attack strategies, and take appropriate actions against upcoming attacks. Up to now, a variety of alert correlation methods have been suggested. However, most of them rely on a priori and hard‐coded domain expert knowledge that leads to their difficult implementation and limited capabilities of detecting new attack strategies. To overcome the drawbacks of these approaches, the recent trend of research in alert correlation has gone towards extracting attack strategies through automatic analysis of intrusion alerts. In line with the recent researches, in this paper, we present new algorithms to automatically mine attack behavior patterns from historical alerts as accurately and efficiently as possible. Our system is composed of two main components. The first offline component automatically generates correlation rules by analyzing the previously observed alerts using a Bayesian causality analysis mechanism. Then, in the online alert correlation component, alerts are correlated using a hierarchical scheme and based on the extracted rules. Our experimental results clearly show efficiency of the proposed method in learning new attack strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security analysis of GCM for communication
Authors: Yap Wun‐She , Yeo Sze Ling , Heng Swee‐Huay , Henricksen Matt 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe Galois/Counter Mode of operations (GCM) is constructed by combining the counter mode encryption and the authentication component (i.e., GTAG) to provide both privacy and authenticity. GTAG can be used as a stand‐alone message authentication code. In this paper, we analyze the security of GTAG and GCM with respect to the forgery and distinguishing attacks. More precisely,

We generalize the set of weak key classes proposed by Saarinen in FSE 2012 to include all subsets of nonzero keys. Hence, we remove the condition on the smoothness of 2n − 1, where n denotes the block size, for the existence of weak key classes.
By considering powers of suitable field elements and linearized polynomials, we further exploit some specific weak key classes to present a universal forgery attack on GTAG.
By invoking the birthday paradox arguments, we show that a chosen message attack can be used to distinguish GTAG from a random function.
To relax the assumptions required in the universal forgery attack, we show that we can utilize the uniqueness of the counter mode encryption to launch a known ciphertext attack against GCM itself when the initial vector is restricted to 96 bits.The first three attacks can be applied to other Wegman–Carter polynomial message authentication codes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.