bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beware of Hot Tearing in Lifting Lugs – a Case Study in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Neidel A. , Ullrich T. , Wallich S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
One out of eight lifting lugs of a large gas turbine engine exhibited indications upon magnetic particle surface crack inspection (MT), that were later verified by ultrasonic testing (UT). The subject part was made of a low-alloy steel casting. It had already been used in service and was supposed to be re-used, together with the other lifting lugs of the set. In order to determine the cause of the indications, non-destructive metallographic examinations by means of the replica technique were performed. In that investigation, the indications were determined to have been caused by crack-like decohesions of material. In one of the examined areas, these imperfections were associated with small casting defects, namely micro shrinkage. This might have contributed to crack initiation. The described small surface cracks at the cylindrical part of the lifting lug itself were probably caused by bending stresses in service. Indications were found only on one out of the entire set of eight parts. There, only the upper side of the short spigot, were axial tension on the surface is to be expected in service when the bollards are in lifting action, was affected. In a second investigation, that same part was sectioned in the area with the largest UT indications. The microstructure of this steel casting is unremarkable. However, several rather large macrocracks were found in the sectioning plane. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed this. There is a moderate carbon segregation in the subject area that is unremarkable. The longest crack in the metallographic section was forced open for microfractography in the SEM. A small pre-existing crack that could not have been caused by service loads was found. Within that area, microfractographic features of transgranular hot tearing were detected, as evidenced by a dendritic appearance of the fracture surface. This is a hot cracking mechanism.
Morbidity and mortality of patients with endovascularly treated intracerebral aneurysms: does physician specialty matter?
Authors: Fennell Vernard S. , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Palejwala Sheri K. , Lemole G. Michael , Dumont Travis M. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular pathology, particularly aneurysms, is becoming more prevalent. There is a wide variety in clinical background and training of physicians who treat cerebrovascular pathology through endovascular means. The impact of clinical training background on patient outcomes is not well documented.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of a large national database, the University HealthSystem Consortium, that was queried in the years 2009–2013. Cases of both unruptured cerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage treated by endovascular obliteration were studied. Outcome measures of morbidity and mortality were evaluated according to the specialty of the treating physician.

RESULTS
Elective embolization of an unruptured aneurysm was the procedure code and primary diagnosis, respectively, for 12,400 cases. Patients with at least 1 complication were reported in 799 cases (6.4%). Deaths were reported in 193 cases (1.6%). Complications and deaths were varied by specialty; the highest incidence of complications (11.1%) and deaths (3.0%) were reported by neurologists. The fewest complications were reported by neurosurgeons (5.4%; 1.4% deaths), with a higher incidence of complications reported in cases performed by neurologists (p < 0.0001 for both complications and deaths) and to a lesser degree interventional radiologists (p = 0.0093 for complications). Subarachnoid hemorrhage was the primary diagnosis and procedure for 8197 cases. At least 1 complication was reported in 2385 cases (29%) and deaths in 983 cases (12%). The number of complications and deaths varied among specialties. The highest incidence of complications (34%) and deaths (13.5%) in subarachnoid hemorrhage was in cases performed by neurologists. The fewest complications were in cases by neurosurgeons (27%), with a higher incidence of complications in cases performed by neurologists (34%, p < 0.0001), and a trend of increased complications with interventional radiologists (30%, p < 0.0676). The lowest incidence of mortality was in cases performed by neurosurgeons (11.5%), with a significantly higher incidence of mortality in cases performed by neurologists (13.5%, p = 0.0372). Mortality rates did not reach statistical significance with respect to interventional radiologists (12.1%, p = 0.4884).

CONCLUSIONS
Physicians of varied training types and backgrounds use endovascular treatment of ruptured and unruptured intracerebral aneurysms. In this study there was a statistically significant finding that neurosurgically trained physicians may demonstrate improved outcomes with respect to endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysms in this cohort. This finding warrants further investigation.
Finite element analysis of periventricular lucency in hydrocephalus: extravasation or transependymal CSF absorption?
Authors: Kim Hakseung , Jeong Eun-Jin , Park Dae-Hyeon , Czosnyka Zofia , Yoon Byung C. , Kim Keewon , Czosnyka Marek , Kim Dong-Joo 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Periventricular lucency (PVL) is often observed in the hydrocephalic brain on CT or MRI. Earlier studies have proposed the extravasation of ventricular CSF into the periventricular white matter or transependymal CSF absorption as possible causes of PVL in hydrocephalus. However, there is insufficient evidence for either theory to be conclusive.

METHODS
A finite element (FE) model of the hydrocephalic brain with detailed anatomical geometry was constructed to investigate the possible mechanism of PVL in hydrocephalus. The initiation of hydrocephalus was modeled by applying a transmantle pressure gradient (TPG). The model was exposed to varying TPGs to investigate the effects of different geometrical characteristics on the distribution of PVL. The edema map was derived based on the interstitial pore pressure.

RESULTS
The model simulated the main radiological features of hydrocephalus, i.e., ventriculomegaly and PVL. The degree of PVL, assessed by the pore pressure, was prominent in mild to moderate ventriculomegaly. As the degree of ventriculomegaly exceeded certain values, the pore pressure across the cerebrum became positive, thus inducing the disappearance of PVL.

CONCLUSIONS
The results are in accordance with common clinical findings of PVL. The degree of ventriculomegaly significantly influences the development of PVL, but two factors were not linearly correlated. The results are indicative of the transependymal CSF absorption as a possible cause of PVL, but the extravasation theory cannot be formally rejected.
Increased level of H19 long noncoding RNA promotes invasion, angiogenesis, and stemness of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Jiang Xiaochun , Yan Yukui , Hu Minghua , Chen Xiande , Wang Yaxian , Dai Yi , Wu Degang , Wang Yongsheng , Zhuang Zhixiang , Xia Hongping 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Increased levels of H19 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been observed in many cancers, suggesting that overexpression of H19 may be important in the development of carcinogenesis. However, the role of H19 in human glioblastoma is still unclear. The object of this study was to examine the level of H19 in glioblastoma samples and investigate the role of H19 in glioblastoma carcinogenesis.

METHODS
Glioblastoma and nontumor brain tissue specimens were obtained from tissue obtained during tumor resection in 30 patients with glioblastoma. The level of H19 lncRNA was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The role of H19 in invasion, angiogenesis, and stemness of glioblastoma cells was then investigated using commercially produced cell lines (U87 and U373). The effects of H19 overexpression on glioblastoma cell invasion and angiogenesis were detected by in vitro Matrigel invasion and endothelial tube formation assay. The effects of H19 on glioblastoma cell stemness and tumorigenicity were investigated by neurosphere formation and an in vivo murine xenograft model.

RESULTS
The authors found that H19 is significantly overexpressed in glioblastoma tissues, and the level of expression was associated with patient survival. In the subsequent investigations, the authors found that overexpression of H19 promotes glioblastoma cell invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Interestingly, H19 was also significantly overexpressed in CD133+ glioblastoma cells, and overexpression of H19 was associated with increased neurosphere formation of glioblastoma cells. Finally, stable overexpression of H19 was associated with increased tumor growth in the murine xenograft model.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that increased expression of H19 lncRNA promotes invasion, angiogenesis, stemness, and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that H19 plays an important role in tumorigenicity and stemness of glioblastoma and thus could be a therapeutic target for treatment of glioblastoma in the future.
Benign meningiomas (WHO Grade I) with atypical histological features: correlation of histopathological features with clinical outcomes
Authors: Marciscano Ariel E. , Stemmer-Rachamimov Anat O. , Niemierko Andrzej , Larvie Mykol , Curry William T. , Barker Fred G. , Martuza Robert L. , McGuone Declan , Oh Kevin S. , Loeffler Jay S. , Shih Helen A. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I (benign) meningiomas with atypical features may behave more aggressively than similarly graded tumors without atypical features. Here, the prognostic significance of atypical features in benign meningiomas was determined.

METHODS
Data from patients diagnosed with WHO Grade I benign meningiomas per the 2007 WHO criteria and who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified by the absence or presence of 1 to 2 atypical features with review of the clinical and histological factors.

RESULTS
A total of 148 patients met the inclusion criteria (n = 77 with atypia; n = 71 without atypia). The median follow-up duration after pathological diagnosis was 37.5 months. Thirty patients had progression/recurrence (P/R) after initial treatment, and 22 (73%) of 30 patients with P/R had 1–2 atypical features. The presence of atypical features was significantly associated with P/R (p = 0.03) and independent of the MIB-1 labeling index. The 1-year and 5-year actuarial rates of P/R were 9.6% versus 1.4% and 30.8% versus 13.8% fortumors with and without atypical features, respectively. Higher Simpson grade resection (II–IV vs I) was associated with the increased risk of P/R (p < 0.001). Stratification of patients into low-risk (Simpson Grade I), intermediate-risk (Simpson Grade II–IV with no atypical features), and high-risk groups (Simpson Grade II–IV with atypical features) was significantly correlated with increased risk of P/R (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with benign meningiomas with atypical features and those undergoing Simpson Grade II–IV resection are at significantly increased risk of P/R. Patients with these features may benefit from the consideration of additional surgery and/or radiation therapy.
Toxic levels of ammonia in human brain abscess
Authors: Dahlberg Daniel , Ivanovic Jugoslav , Hassel Bjørnar 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Brain abscesses could lead to cerebral symptoms through tissue destruction, edema, changes in brain architecture, and increased intracranial pressure. However, the possibility that the pus itself could contribute to symptoms has received little attention. Brain abscesses are areas of tissue destruction, proteolysis, and formation of free amino acids, which are energy substrates for bacteria and possible sources of ammonia. Ammonia is neurotoxic, may cause brain edema, and could contribute to the symptoms of brain abscesses.

METHODS
The authors analyzed the extracellular phase of pus from 14 patients with brain abscesses with respect to ammonia and amino acids. For comparison, CSF from 10 patients undergoing external ventricular drainage was included. The ammonia-forming ability of Streptococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus, two common microbial isolates in brain abscesses, was studied in vitro.

RESULTS
In brain abscesses ammonia was 15.5 mmol/L (median value; range 1.7–69.2 mmol/L). In CSF ammonia was 29 μmol/L (range 17–55 μmol/L; difference from value in pus: p < 0.001). The total concentration of amino acids in brain abscesses was 1.12–16 times higher than the ammonia concentration (p = 0.011). The median glucose value in pus was 0 mmol/L (range 0–2.1 mmol/L), lactate was 21 mmol/L (range 3.3–26.5 mmol/L), and pH was 6.8 (range 6.2–7.3). In vitro, S. intermedius and S. aureus formed ammonia at 6–7 mmol/L in 24 hours when incubated with 20 proteinogenic amino acids plus g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, and glutathione at 1 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS
Intracerebral abscesses contain toxic levels of ammonia. At the concentrations found in pus, ammonia could contribute to the brain edema and the symptoms of brain abscesses.
Laser speckle imaging to improve clinical outcomes for patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing radiofrequency thermocoagulation
Authors: Ringkamp Matthias , Wooten Matthew , Carson Benjamin S. , Lim Michael , Hartke Timothy , Guarnieri Michael 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Percutaneous treatments for trigeminal neuralgia are safe, simple, and effective for achieving good pain control. Procedural risks could be minimized by using noninvasive imaging techniques to improve the placement of the radiofrequency thermocoagulation probe into the trigeminal ganglion. Positioning of a probe is crucial to maximize pain relief and to minimize unwanted side effects, such as denervation in unaffected areas. This investigation examined the use of laser speckle imaging during probe placement in an animal model.

METHODS
This preclinical safety study used nonhuman primates, Macaca nemestrina (pigtail monkeys), to examine whether real-time imaging of blood flow in the face during the positioning of a coagulation probe could monitor the location and guide the positioning of the probe within the trigeminal ganglion.

RESULTS
Data from 6 experiments in 3 pigtail monkeys support the hypothesis that laser imaging is safe and improves the accuracy of probe placement.

CONCLUSIONS
Noninvasive laser speckle imaging can be performed safely in nonhuman primates. Because improved probe placement may reduce morbidity associated with percutaneous rhizotomies, efficacy trials of laser speckle imaging should be conducted in humans.
Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
Authors: Kim Jinhyung , Ryu Sang Baek , Lee Sung Eun , Shin Jaewoo , Jung Hyun Ho , Kim Sung June , Kim Kyung Hwan , Chang Jin Woo 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Neuropathic pain is often severe. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is used for alleviating neuropathic pain, but the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of MCS by investigating pain-signaling pathways, with the expectation that MCS would regulate both descending and ascending pathways.

METHODS
Neuropathic pain was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Surface electrodes for MCS were implanted in the rats. Tactile allodynia was measured by behavioral testing to determine the effect of MCS. For the pathway study, immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate changes in c-fos and serotonin expression; micro-positron emission tomography (mPET) scanning was performed to investigate changes of glucose uptake; and extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed to demonstrate brain activity.

RESULTS
MCS was found to modulate c-fos and serotonin expression. In the mPET study, altered brain activity was observed in the striatum, thalamic area, and cerebellum. In the electrophysiological study, neuronal activity was increased by mechanical stimulation and suppressed by MCS. After elimination of artifacts, neuronal activity was demonstrated in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) during electrical stimulation. This neuronal activity was effectively suppressed by MCS.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that MCS effectively attenuated neuropathic pain. MCS modulated ascending and descending pain pathways. It regulated neuropathic pain by affecting the striatum, periaqueductal gray, cerebellum, and thalamic area, which are thought to regulate the descending pathway. MCS also appeared to suppress activation of the VPL, which is part of the ascending pathway.
O Perfil Dialógico como critério de avaliação na formação online de professores-tutores
Authors: David Priscila Barros , Freire Raquel Santiago , Ventura Paula Patrícia Barbosa 
Published: August 2015

Este artigo analisa a relação entre a disposição para o diálogo e o índice de aproveitamento de professores-tutores participantes de um curso de formação ofertado na modalidade educacional a distância. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a inclusão dos pilares do diálogo freireano como critérios adicionais dentro do sistema de avaliação da aprendizagem do curso, viabilizando a realização de avaliações formativas. O estudo constou de duas etapas gerais: a transformação dos pilares do diálogo em critérios de avaliação e a aplicação dos mesmos na avaliação da aprendizagem dos alunos. O agrupamento desses critérios denominou-se Perfil Dialógico, construído com base no referencial teórico de Paulo Freire e em estudos empíricos nele fundamentados, os quais analisam processos interativos em cursos nessa modalidade. A investigação contou com a participação de 29 professores-tutores em formação e o tutor-formador. O Perfil lDialógico permitiu observar as ações dos estudantes em todas as atividades do curso, considerando, principalmente, as relações por eles desenvolvidas.Os resultados apontam um alinhamento entre a primazia por contextos dialógicos e um aproveitamento satisfatório em cursos online voltados para a formação de professores.
A gestão sistêmica da educação: do âmbito nacional ao contexto do poder local
Authors: Andrade Edson Francisco de 
Published: August 2015

Este artigo aborda o movimento recente de criação de sistemas próprios na gestão da educação Nacional, Estadual e Municipal. O texto está subdividido em três partes. Dessa forma, é analisado primeiramente o signi" cado histórico-etimológico de sistema, assim como as nuances que envolvem sua incorporação ao campo educacional. A segunda parte aborda a interface entre a perspectiva de gestão sistêmica e os fundamentos do Estado federativo brasileiro. Por último, discute-se a relação entre a opção pela criação do sistema de educação no Município e a viabilização da autonomia Municipal para gestar sua Política Educacional.Nas conclusões é realçada a necessidade de construção do Sistema Nacional de Educação como mecanismo articulador da PolíticaNacional de Educação, com foco na materialização do Regime de Colaboração com os sistemas estaduais e municipais de educação.
O letramento literário na Prova Brasil
Authors: Ésper Débora Sodré , Zappone Mirian Hisae Yaegashi , Jung Neiva Maria 
Published: August 2015

Este artigo apoia-se nos Novos Estudos sobre Letramento (STREET, 2003, 2010) segundo os quais letramento é compreendido como um conjunto de práticas sociais de uso da escrita Ao mesmo tempo, leva em conta o conceito de leitura literária (CÂNDIDO, 1981; AGUIAR, 2000; HANSEN, 2005), como uma dentre as muitas práticas letradas das quais os indivíduos participam. A partir de tais conceitos, este artigo tem como objetivos caracterizar a prática de letramento literário proposto na Prova Brasil e analisar como a proposta se aproxima dos conceitos de leitura literária. O corpus da investigação é constituído por exemplos de atividades da disciplina de língua portuguesa da Prova Brasil, destinadas ao 9o ano, disponibilizadas no site do Inep. Os resultados mostraram que na prova há um apagamento da literatura enquanto arte, uma vez que o gênero ficcional é utilizado, na maioria das vezes, para a análise gramatical ou como objeto para leitura na qual a especi# cidade do texto literário não é contemplada.
A complexidade da participação das crianças na educação infantil
Authors: Agostinho Kátia Adair 
Published: August 2015

O presente estudo defende a participação e inclusão das crianças na creche e pré-escola para a produção de espaços de educação democráticos que se contraponham à exclusão social e contribuam na produção e consolidação de uma sociedade de afirmação de direitos sociais. A participação das crianças permanece em larga medida por se concretizar, sendo um desa" o que precisa ser enfrentado, nas suas contradições, impasses e paradoxos teóricos, sociais e políticos. Ao aprofundar a temática compreende-se sua complexidade teórica, e é sobre esta complexidade que este texto irá se deter. A discussão a respeito da participação das crianças para uma educação democrática se cruza com um conjunto de conceitos importantes que precisam ser aprofundados, compreendidos e conectados, para que seja possível contar com os contributos geracionais na efetivação da educação aqui preconizada, que vençam modelos adultocêntricos e não pode prescindir da produção teórica de abordagens inclusivas. As crianças como sujeitos de conhecimento e produtoras de sentido têm “voz”, são legítimas as formas de comunicação e relação que utilizam para se expressar e, ao fazê-lo, contribuem na renovação e reprodução dos contextos em que participam quando existe quem esteja interessado em ouvir suas vozes. É importante reconhecer as diferentes formas de participação das crianças pequenas com base nos seus padrões culturais e nas suas práticas cotidianas, em questões que lhes são signi" cativas e lhes dizem respeito.
O desenvolvimento da linguagem oral da criança: contribuições da Teoria Histórico-Cultural para a prática pedagógica na creche
Authors: Bissoli Michelle de Freitas 
Published: August 2015

O desenvolvimento da linguagem oral da criança é histórica e socialmente condicionado e, por isso, não natural. Neste artigo, que resulta de pesquisa de caráter teórico, tem-se por objetivo re% etir sobre as contribuições dos autores da Teoria Histórico-Cultural (especialmente Vigotski, Leontiev, Luria, Elkonin, Lísina e Zaporozet) para a prática pedagógica nas creches, focalizando, de modo particular, o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral nos três primeiros anos de vida, suas especi! cidades e formas de intervenção sobre ele. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a comunicação constitui uma atividade essencial para o homem e de que a linguagem oral, ao se desenvolver, permite à criança apropriar-se dos signi! cados das palavras de forma progressiva e, com eles, dos construtos sócio-culturais da humanidade de modo a formar suas funções psíquicas superiores. Com base no levantamento bibliográfico a respeito do tema, busca-se sistematizar alguns princípios da Teoria Histórico-Cultural capazes de orientar professores e professoras para um trabalho que enfoque a linguagem oral como objeto de uma prática intencional nas creches, respeitando o direito das crianças pequenas ao desenvolvimento integral.