bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equine tapeworm infections: Disease, diagnosis and control
Authors: Nielsen M. K. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryEquine tapeworm infection has gained increasing attention over the past few decades and a number of research studies have already been published. These focus primarily on the most common of the 3 tapeworm species, Anoplocephala perfoliata, although some new information has also been generated for the other two species, Anoplocephala magna and Anoplocephaloides mamillana. The preponderance of research studies have focused on development and validation of diagnostic techniques for tapeworm detection and the role of these parasites in equine gastrointestinal disease. Several diagnostic techniques have been found useful for diagnosis of A. perfoliata but each has its strengths and weaknesses. Egg counting techniques have been modified to achieve acceptable to good diagnostic performance but the trade‐off is often a more time‐consuming method. Validation studies indicate that these methods can reliably detect tapeworm burdens above 10 worms. Several enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed and made commercially available. These can generate useful information about tapeworm exposure on the herd level but are less reliable for individual diagnosis. Unfortunately, none of the available diagnostic techniques are useful for evaluating anthelmintic treatment efficacy. Coproantigen testing may find use as a future diagnostic modality but further characterisation is required. The large body of scientific evidence supports an association between A. perfoliata infection and certain types of equine colic, although some discrepancy exists between studies. Tapeworm surveillance and control should be considered as part of the overall parasite control strategy. When properly used, the currently available diagnostic tools can guide the veterinarian to make strategic decisions regarding tapeworm control.
Comparison of disinfectant efficacy when using high‐volume directed mist application of accelerated hydrogen peroxide and peroxymonosulfate disinfectants in a large animal hospital
Authors: Saklou N. T. , Burgess B. A. , Van Metre D. C. , Hornig K. J. , Morley P. S. , Byers S. R. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyEffective decontamination of animal holding environments is critical for providing high quality patient care and maintaining a safe working environment. Disinfection of animal holding environments is a significant challenge during times of epidemic disease.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfectant efficacy of 3 strategies for high‐volume directed mist application of accelerated hydrogen peroxide and peroxymonosulfate disinfectants; 4.25% accelerated hydrogen peroxide (Accel®;AHP) at a 1:16 dilution and single and double applications of 2% peroxymonosulfate solution (Virkon‐S®;VIR‐1 andVIR‐2) for decontamination of a large animal hospital environment.Study designExperiment.MethodsAfter cleaning and disinfection of the hospital environment, transparencies experimentally contaminated with known concentrations ofStaphylococcus aureus,Salmonella entericaandPseudomonas aeruginosawere placed on vertical surfaces. Disinfectant solution was applied by directed mist application and, after 30 min of contact time, transparencies were collected and individually placed into tubes containing 10 ml Dey‐Engley broth. The process was repeated for each disinfectant. Tenfold dilutions of each sample were plated onto tryptic soy blood agar with 5% sheep blood. Bacterial counts from transparencies exposed to disinfectants were compared with counts from control transparencies (unexposed to disinfectants) to evaluate reduction in colony forming units.ResultsThe least squares mean reduction (log10) in colony forming units (CFUs) forS. aureusandP. aeruginosawas 1.5–2.5 logs and approximately 0.8–1.0 logs forS. enterica. Reductions were generally largest forVIR‐2 and smallest forAHP, although these differences were not all statistically significant and the magnitude of differences may not be clinically relevant.ConclusionsFor the organisms evaluated, all 3 disinfectants applied as a directed mist were effective at reducingCFUs in a veterinary hospital environment. Effective disinfection using this method of application is dependent on adequate cleaning prior to application, and use of adequate volumes of disinfectant.
Measuring the Impact of Instruction in Intercultural Communication on Secondary Spanish Learners' Attitudes and Motivation
Authors: Acheson Kris , Nelson Matthew , Luna Kera 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany scholars have argued that an intercultural approach to foreign language instruction best reflects the inherent interconnectedness of language and culture. However, abundant evidence of the effectiveness of such an approach is lacking, particularly at the secondary level. This two‐year curricular experiment, which took place in two public high schools in the United States, investigated the impact of explicit instruction in intercultural communication theories and direct participation in activities designed to promote intercultural competency on the attitudes and motivation of secondary learners of Spanish as a foreign language. Data for both the experimental and control groups showed that students' pretest attitudes toward the Spanish language and Spanish‐speaking cultures were generally positive. Comparisons of pre‐ and posttest scores showed that the treatment group showed a statistically significant increase in positive attitudes, including increases in both integrative and instrumental motivation, as well as more positive attitudes toward both European Spanish speakers and U.S. Hispanics. Results showed that, for one control group, students' attitudes did not change, and attitudes of students in the second control group became less positive over the period under consideration.
Combined effects of temperature and food concentration on growth and reproduction of Eodiaptomus japonicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Lake Biwa (Japan)
Authors: Liu Xin , Beyrend Delphine , Dur Gaël , Ban Syuhei 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Life history traits of the freshwater calanoid copepod Eodiaptomus japonicus from Lake Biwa were examined in the laboratory. Four different food concentrations (FC, 103, 5 × 103, 104 and 5 × 104 cells mL−1) and two temperature conditions (15 and 25 °C) were used to clarify the combined effects of those two factors on life history traits.

A survival rate of more than 70% was observed at the two medium FCs at 15 °C, although survival was <42% at all six of the other food–temperature combinations. Post‐embryonic development times to adult stage in males and females were affected by both FC and temperature; median development times ranged from 28.7 to 37.3 and 31.4 to 35.0 days at 15 °C and 13.7 to 23.9 and 14.3 to 27.7 days at 25 °C, respectively, for males and females. An interaction between the two experimental factors was found only for females, with food shortage being most acute at 25 °C.

Clutch sizes also increased with FC at both temperatures and interaction occurred between those two factors. Egg production rates increased with increasing FC similarly at both temperatures without an interaction effect.

Adult body size increased with increasing FC at both temperatures: for example, average female prosome length increased from 0.865 mm to 0.922 mm at 15 °C and from 0.799 mm to 0.904 mm at 25 °C. Somatic and population growth rates calculated from the experimental data increased with FC, but the increase was more important at 25 °C. These responses to FC and temperature suggest that both growth and population dynamics of this copepod might be more influenced by food shortage at temperatures >15 °C.

Adult body sizes under food‐limited conditions in this study are at the lower end of the range of those observed in situ, while those predicted from in situ temperatures, assuming non‐limiting food conditions, were always larger than those of natural populations. Therefore, food shortage appears to be the most important factor affecting both growth and reproduction of E. japonicus in Lake Biwa.
Organizing pneumonia components in non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP): a clinicopathological study of 33 NSIP cases
Authors: Huo Zhen , Li Ji , Li Shanqing , Zhang Haibo , Jin Zhengyu , Pang Junyi , Liu Hongrui , Shi Juhong , Feng Ruie 
Published: June 2015

AimsTo review the clinical, radiological and pathological features of non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), mainly to characterize organizing pneumonia (OP) components in NSIP.Methods and resultsLung biopsy samples from 33 NSIP patients were collected over a period of 10 years. Microscopic analysis revealed that 13 cases showed a cellular pattern and 20 showed a mixed/fibrosing pattern. OP components were detected in 26 cases (13 with a cellular pattern; 13 with a mixed/fibrosing pattern), and were found to constitute a median proportion of 9% (range, 1–40%) of the affected tissues. In nine cellular and four mixed/fibrosing NSIP cases, the OP components accounted for ≥10%. A proportion of ≥20% was found in only five cellular pattern cases. Twenty‐nine patients were followed up: 17 showed improvements, five were stabilized, and seven showed progression.ConclusionsOP components are common basic lesions in NSIP cases, although their proportion in cellular and mixed/fibrosing pattern cases varies substantially between patients. OP components do not impact on prognosis, even when they constitute ≥20% of the affected tissue. Thus, a high level of OP components does not exclude a diagnosis of NSIP in cases that otherwise show pathological and radiological findings characteristic of NSIP.
Effects of E‐beam irradiation and vacuum packaging on biogenic amines formation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets
Authors: Aflaki Fereydoon , Ghoulipour Vanik , Saemian Nader , Shiebani Shahab , Tahergorabi Reza 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe effects of vacuum packaging followed by E‐beam irradiation treatment on the shelf life of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets were studied by measuring biogenic amines and sensory analysis. Samples were irradiated at doses of 0.10, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy. Putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine showed very good correspondence with the irradiation dose and the time of storage. Spermine, spermidine, tryptamine and phenylethylamine did not show statistically significant changes with the time of storage. According to the sensory assessment and biogenic amines index (BAI), the shelf life of unirradiated common carp fillets was found to be approximately seven days. The 1 and 2 kGy irradiation doses extended the shelf life of samples up to 66 and 77 days, respectively. High values of correlation coefficients (r < −0.86) between BAI and sensory evaluation indicated that BAI could be considered as a quality indicator of common carp fillets.
Bread making with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113‐5D expressing lipase A from Bacillus subtilis: leavening characterisation and aroma enhancement
Authors: Paciello Lucia , Landi Carmine , Orilio Paola , Di Matteo Marisa , Zueco Jesus , Parascandola Palma 
Published: June 2015

SummaryLipase A from Bacillus subtilis was expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113‐5D strain as a cell wall‐immobilised enzyme. The recombinant yeast was used in bread making to test the effect of lipase A on the bread properties such as rheological and aromatic properties. The results were compared to the not transformed strain and the commercial baker's yeast. The recombinant strain resulted a good leavening agent comparable to the commercial baker's yeasts provided 1% sucrose was added to the dough. Whereas, during the leavening, the trend of the rheological properties (cohesivness, gumminess and rigidity) differed from the commercial and the nontransformed (NT) strains. Moreover, using of the recombinant strain enhanced total aroma which achieved in the baked product a value of 9 μg per gproduct vs the 4 and 5 μg per gproduct of the NT strain and the commercial baker's yeast, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a bacterial lipase is used in bread making.
Company information privacy orientation: a conceptual framework
Authors: Greenaway Kathleen E. , Chan Yolande E. , Crossler Robert E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractContemporary organisations struggle to develop effective responses to the complex challenge of deploying sophisticated information technology systems in an era characterised increasingly by customer demands for privacy. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework of Company Information Privacy Orientation that attempts to reconcile the differences between the organisation's information management objectives and its ethical and legal obligations to address customers' privacy. Control theory and justice theory are utilised to build an organisation‐level framework that is composed of a firm's ethical obligation to its customers, its customer information management strategy and its assessment of the risks to its business created by legal demands to provide customer information privacy. The four different types of company privacy orientation profiles that emerge from this conceptual framework are then discussed, along with implications for future research.
Responses to N Deficiency in Stay Green and Non‐Stay Green Argentinean Hybrids of Maize
Authors: Antonietta M. , Acciaresi H. A. , Guiamet J. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBreeding has developed better yielding maize hybrids for low N environments, which also have delayed leaf senescence (‘stay green’ trait, SG). Here, we studied whether the SG trait can further improve yield of modern hybrids under N‐limiting conditions. In two field experiments, four maize hybrids with different senescence behaviour were grown under three N fertilization levels, from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 (N0, N100 and N200). After silking, hybrids differed for senescence depending on the canopy layer (P < 0.05): the SG AX878 only delayed senescence at the mid and upper canopy layers while the SG NK880 delayed senescence of all layers. Across N doses, higher yields were achieved by both SG hybrids, AX878 and NK880 (P < 0.05) but yield was not only determined by senescence behaviour. Kernel weight (KW) response to N availability was larger for SGs than for their non‐‘stay green’ counterparts. Delayed senescence in SG hybrids was not related to higher post‐silking N uptake but to higher (P < 0.05) %N in leaves and lower (P < 0.05) %N in kernels at harvest (below the critical 1.1 % under N deficiency). Across N levels, KW positively related to N content per kernel, with a steeper slope (P < 0.05) for the SG hybrids. Taken together, our results suggest that a condition where N limits kernel growth, in a scenario of saturating C availability, may be common to stay green genotypes of maize.
Differences in Health at Age 100 According to Sex: Population‐Based Cohort Study of Centenarians Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Hazra Nisha C. , Dregan Alex , Jackson Stephen , Gulliford Martin C. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo use primary care electronic health records (EHRs) to evaluate the health of men and women at age 100.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingPrimary care database in the United Kingdom, 1990–2013.ParticipantsIndividuals reaching the age of 100 between 1990 and 2013 (N = 11,084, n = 8,982 women, n = 2,102 men).MeasurementsMain categories of morbidity and an index of multiple morbidities, geriatric syndromes and an index of multiple impairments, cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsThe number of new female centenarians per year increased from 16 per 100,000 in 1990–94 to 25 per 100,000 in 2010–13 (P < .001) and of male centenarians from four per 100,000 to six per 100,000 (P = .06). The most prevalent morbidities at the age of 100 were musculoskeletal diseases, disorders of the senses, and digestive diseases. Women had greater multiple morbidity than men (odds ratio (OR) = 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42–1.89, P < .001). Geriatric syndromes, including falls, fractures, hearing and vision impairment, and dementia, were frequent; 30% of women and 49% of men had no recorded geriatric syndromes. Women had greater likelihood of having multiple geriatric syndromes (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.90–2.41, P < .001).ConclusionFewer men than women reach the age of 100, but male centenarians have lower morbidity and fewer geriatric syndromes than women. Research using EHRs offers opportunities to understand the epidemiology of aging and improve care of the oldest old.
Development of SHIVs with circulating, transmitted HIV‐1 variants
Authors: Sharma Amit , Boyd David F. , Overbaugh Julie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSHIV/macaque model is critical for pre‐clinical HIV‐1 research. The ability of this model to predict efficacious intervention(s) in humans depends on how faithfully the model recapitulates key features of HIV‐1 transmission and pathogenesis. Here, we provide insights for rationally designing SHIVs with transmitted HIV‐1 variants for vaccine and prevention research.
Hysteroscopic treatment of Robert's uterus with laparoscopy
Authors: Li Jing , Yu Wen , Wang Ming , Feng Li‐min 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHerein is described the case of a 26‐year‐old woman whose Robert's uterus was treated with hysteroscopy and who then successfully became pregnant and gave birth. The uterus anomaly was diagnosed on combined hysteroscopy and ultrasonography, which showed an asymmetric septate uterus with one blind cavity, causing menstrual retention. The surgery was uncomplicated, with satisfactory results. The patient underwent successful cesarean section delivery of a baby boy weighing 3250 g on 24 March 2014.
Case of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 apheresis in severe pre‐eclampsia developed at 15 weeks’ gestation
Authors: Nakakita Baku , Mogami Haruta , Kondoh Eiji , Tsukamoto Tatsuo , Yanagita Motoko , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSoluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt1), a circulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 antagonist, is associated with the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia. Extracorporeal removal of sFlt1 (sFlt1 apheresis) is emerging as a treatment for pre‐eclampsia. We performed sFlt1 apheresis for a patient with very early onset pre‐eclampsia, beginning at 15 weeks’ gestation. She underwent sFlt1 apheresis 13 times from 19 to 23 weeks’ gestation. The series of treatments lowered circulating sFlt1, stabilized blood pressure, reduced urinary protein, and preserved renal function, which contributed to a successful prolongation of pregnancy for 4 weeks and a live birth at 23+3 weeks’ gestation. Further studies are necessary for clinical application of sFlt1 apheresis as sFlt1 might have a protective function for the placenta and fetus in pre‐eclampsia.
Pooling Morphometric Estimates: A Statistical Equivalence Approach
Authors: Pardoe Heath R. , Cutter Gary R. , Alter Rachel , Hiess Rebecca Kucharsky , Semmelroch Mira , Parker Donna , Farquharson Shawna , Jackson Graeme D. , Kuzniecky Ruben 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTChanges in hardware or image‐processing settings are a common issue for large multicenter studies. To pool MRI data acquired under these changed conditions, it is necessary to demonstrate that the changes do not affect MRI‐based measurements. In these circumstances, classical inference testing is inappropriate because it is designed to detect differences, not prove similarity. We used a method known as statistical equivalence testing to address this limitation. Equivalence testing was carried out on 3 datasets: (1) cortical thickness and automated hippocampal volume estimates obtained from healthy individuals imaged using different multichannel head coils; (2) manual hippocampal volumetry obtained using two readers; and (3) corpus callosum area estimates obtained using an automated method with manual cleanup carried out by two readers. Equivalence testing was carried out using the “two one‐sided tests” (TOST) approach. Power analyses of the TOST were used to estimate sample sizes required for well‐powered equivalence testing analyses. Mean and standard deviation estimates from the automated hippocampal volume dataset were used to carry out an example power analysis. Cortical thickness values were found to be equivalent over 61% of the cortex when different head coils were used (q < .05, false discovery rate correction). Automated hippocampal volume estimates obtained using the same two coils were statistically equivalent (TOST P = 4.28 × 10−15). Manual hippocampal volume estimates obtained using two readers were not statistically equivalent (TOST P = .97). The use of different readers to carry out limited correction of automated corpus callosum segmentations yielded equivalent area estimates (TOST P = 1.28 × 10−14). Power analysis of simulated and automated hippocampal volume data demonstrated that the equivalence margin affects the number of subjects required for well‐powered equivalence tests. We have presented a statistical method for determining if morphometric measures obtained under variable conditions can be pooled. The equivalence testing technique is applicable for analyses in which experimental conditions vary over the course of the study.
Investigating gender differences in the factor structure of the Gudjonsson Compliance Scale
Authors: Drake Kim E. , Egan Vincent 
Published: June 2015

PurposeThe Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS) remains, in terms of its psychometrics, an under‐researched instrument, in which gender differences in particular have been insufficiently examined. The aim of this research was to therefore investigate the effect of gender on the factor structure of theGCS.MethodTheGCSwas administered to 441 females and 250 males. The data were factor‐analysed, with 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐factor solutions tested and compared. Procrustean rotation was applied to the male factor loading matrix to investigate structural equivalence across gender.ResultsAlthough a 3‐factor solution was the best fit to the maleGCSdata, a 4‐factor solution was the most acceptable fit to the female data. Whilst each of the factors had a high degree of determinacy, the identity coefficients indicated that these factors differ non‐trivially across gender.ConclusionTheGCSmay measure different aspects of compliance across males and females, which may explain the gender differences in compliance found within the literature to date. The work also allows insight into why males and females may end up complying with police requests, which might ultimately help to inform strategies, implemented by police, to manage vulnerable general population suspects and witnesses. There is a need now to further investigate the structure of compliance across ethnic groups and/or countries where theGCSis administered.