bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system reduces the abundance of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 in cultured myotubes
Authors: Kociper Blaž , Škorja Milić Nives , Ogrizek Ivana , Miš Katarina , Pirkmajer Sergej 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which phosphorylates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, regulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. PDK1, an isozyme whose expression is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), is thought to play a role in muscle adaptation to hypoxia. While transcriptional upregulation of PDK1 by HIF-1α is well characterised, mechanisms controlling proteolysis of PDK1 in skeletal muscle have not been thoroughly investigated. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 paradoxically reduced the abundance of PDK1 in human cancer cells and rat L6 myotubes, suggesting that MG132 might direct PDK1 towards autophagic degradation. The objectives of our current study were to determine (1) whether MG132 suppresses PDK1 levels in primary human myotubes, (2) whether chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, prevents MG132-induced suppression of PDK1 in L6 myotubes, and (3) whether PYR-41, an inhibitor of ubiquitination, suppresses PDK1 in L6 myotubes. Using qPCR and/or immunoblotting, we found that despite markedly upregulating HIF-1α protein, MG132 did not alter the PDK1 expression in cultured primary human myotubes, while it suppressed both PDK1 mRNA and protein in L6 myotubes. The PDK1 levels in L6 myotubes were suppressed also during co-treatment with chloroquine and MG132. PYR-41 markedly increased the abundance of HIF-1α in primary human and L6 myotubes, while reducing the abundance of PDK1. In L6 myotubes treated with PYR-41, chloroquine increased the abundance of the epidermal growth factor receptor, but did not prevent the suppression of PDK1. Collectively, our results suggest that cultured myotubes degrade PDK1 via a pathway that cannot be inhibited by MG132, PYR-41, and/or chloroquine.
Strengthening, exhaustification, and rational inference
Authors: Asherov Daniel , Fox Danny , Katzir Roni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe literature in semantics and pragmatics provides extensive evidence for the strengthening of linguistic expressions, both in matrix positions and when embedded under various operators. We study the properties of such strengthening using a very simple setting. Specifically, we look at when the expression “crate with a banana” can be understood as a unique crate even though two different crates have a banana in them. By varying the scenarios in which an expression such as “Pick the crate with a banana” is evaluated, we show that the strengthening of “crate with a banana” within the scope of the definite article parallels the entailments of “crate with only a banana” (with an overt exhaustivity operator, ‘only’). We use this observation to argue that strengthening in embedded positions follows the logic of an exhaustivity operator rather than that of rational inference. We then note that a similar pattern obtains in matrix positions.
Neural calibration of hidden inhomogeneous Markov chains: information decompression in life insurance
Authors: Kiermayer Mark , Weiß Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMarkov chains play a key role in a vast number of areas, including life insurance mathematics. Standard actuarial quantities as the premium value can be interpreted as compressed, lossy information about the underlying Markov process. We introduce a method to reconstruct the underlying Markov chain given collective information of a portfolio of contracts. Our neural architecture characterizes the process in a highly explainable way by explicitly providing one-step transition probabilities. Further, we provide an intrinsic, economic model validation to inspect the quality of the information decompression. Lastly, our methodology is successfully tested for a realistic data set of German term life insurance contracts.
Tsunami risk perception of the touristic population of Stromboli Island: towards effective risk communication strategies
Authors: Moreschini Iacopo , Cugliari Lorenzo , Cerbara Loredana , La Longa Federica , Crescimbene Massimo , Amato Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the risks that tourists would face during a tsunami on the island of Stromboli and discusses how to best inform and prepare them. Tsunamis affect coastal regions, where many of these are leisure destinations for tourists who often don’t have adequate knowledge of the region's risks. Due to their proximity to the affected areas, near-source or local tsunamis usually allow for a limited warning time, posing great challenges to the planning of effective risk mitigation action. Furthermore, tourist populations have a particular significance in studies on risk perception, since their needs intersect with those of the local population and must be taken into account. To gather key knowledge for developing robust risk communication strategies, a survey (n = 699) was conducted between July and October 2023 to assess tourists' risk perception and preparedness. The findings indicate that tourists often misdescribe tsunamis, leading to underestimation of the security threats posed by smaller events and revealing shortcomings in current communication approaches. Given the tourism industry practices on the island, effective communication strategies for tourists should prioritize providing comprehensive information within the first 24 h of their arrival. Furthermore, given the high percentage of tourists who visit the island for a few hours and within certain time slots, we invite the authorities to provide this information before disembarking on the island.
Valuing the Future: Changing Time Horizons and Policy Preferences
Authors: Gazmararian Alexander F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe short time horizons of citizens are a prominent explanation for why governments fail to tackle significant long-term public policy problems. Evidence for the influence of time horizons is mixed, complicated by the difficulty of determining how attitudes would differ if individuals were more concerned about the future. This paper approaches the challenge by leveraging a personal experience that leads people to place more value on the future: parenthood. The analysis compares new parents with otherwise similar individuals using a matched difference-in-differences design with a three-wave panel. The results show that parenthood increases support for stopping climate change. Falsification tests and two survey experiments suggest that longer time horizons explain part of this shift in support. Not only are scholars right to emphasize the role of individual time horizons, but changing valuations of the future offer a new way to understand how policy preferences evolve.
Equivalence of Sobolev Norms with Respect to Weighted Gaussian Measures
Authors: Addona D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider the spaces $${\text {L}}^p(X,\nu ;V)$$

L

p

(
X
,
ν
;
V
)

, where X is a separable Banach space, $$\mu $$
μ
is a centred non-degenerate Gaussian measure, $$\nu :=Ke^{-U}\mu $$

ν
:
=
K

e

-
U

μ

with normalizing factor K and V is a separable Hilbert space. In this paper we prove a vector-valued Poincaré inequality for functions $$F\in W^{1,p}(X,\nu ;V)$$

F
∈

W

1
,
p

(
X
,
ν
;
V
)

, which allows us to show that for every $$p\in (1,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

and every $$k\in \mathbb {N}$$

k
∈
N

the norm in $$W^{k,p}(X,\nu )$$

W

k
,
p

(
X
,
ν
)

is equivalent to the graph norm of $$D_H^{k}$$

D
H
k

(the k-th Malliavin derivative) in $${\text {L}}^p(X,\nu )$$

L

p

(
X
,
ν
)

. To conclude, we show exponential decay estimates for the V-valued perturbed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup $$(T^V(t))_{t\ge 0}$$

(

T
V

(
t
)

)

t
≥
0

, defined in Section 2.6, as t goes to infinity. Useful tools are the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the scalar perturbed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck $$(T(t))_{t\ge 0}$$

(
T

(
t
)

)

t
≥
0

, and pointwise estimates for $$|D_HT(t)f|_H^p$$

|

D
H

T

(
t
)

f
|

H
p

by means of both $$T(t)|D_Hf|^p_H$$

T

(
t
)

|

D
H

f
|

H
p

and $$T(t)|f|^p$$

T

(
t
)

|
f
|

p

.
The Predictive Role of Metabolic Volume Segmentation Compared to Semiquantitative PET Parameters in Diagnosis of LVAD Infection using [18F]FDG Imaging
Authors: Novruzov Emil , Dabir Mardjan , Schmitt Dominik , Mattes-György Katalin , Beu Markus , Mori Yuriko , Antke Christina , Reinartz Sebastian , Lichtenberg Artur , Antoch Gerald , Giesel Frederik L. , Aubin Hug , Mamlins Eduards 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Left ventricular assisting device (LVAD) is a vital mechanical circulatory assist device for patients with end-stage heart disease, serving as either a bridge to transplantation or palliative destination therapy. Yet device infection represents a major lethal complication, warranting a multi-step, complex therapy approach including an urgent device exchange or heart transplantation. Still, timely diagnosis of site and extent of VAD-specific infection for a proper therapy planning poses challenges in regular clinical care. This single-center, retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of volumetric PET parameters with different thresholding compared to semiquantitative PET parameters for accurate diagnosis of VAD-specific infection.

Procedures
Seventeen patients (1 female, 16 males; mean age 57 ± 11 years) underwent [18F]FDG imaging for suspected VAD-specific infection between April 2013 and October 2023. Various metabolic and volumetric PET parameters with different thresholding were collected for specific LVAD components including driveline entry point, subcutaneous driveline, pump pocket, inner cannula and outflow tract. Microbiology and clinical follow-up were used as the final diagnosis standard.

Results
Nine of eleven patients with VAD-specific infection underwent urgent heart transplantation, and one had a surgical revision of LVAD. Two patients had non-VAD specific infections, and two had non-VAD related infections. Metabolic burden determination using a fixed absolute threshold provided the best outcome compared to relative thresholding or other metabolic SUV parameters. The total metabolic tumor volume (MTV) cutoff value was 9.3 cm3, and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were 90.0%, 71.43%, 82.5%, and 0.814 (95% CI 0.555–0.958), respectively. The total lesion glycolysis (TLG) was 30.6, and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were 90.0%, 71.4%, 82.5%, and 0.829 (95% CI 0.571–0.964), respectively.

Conclusions
Volumetric PET parameters with fixed absolute thresholding appear to be a valuable auxiliary tool in the evaluation of [18F]FDG imaging to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of VAD-specific infection.
Phrenic nerve stimulation for central sleep apnea: a single institution experience
Authors: Mease Julie , Augostini Ralph , McKane Scott , Khan Meena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat moderate to severe central sleep apnea. We report here, results of a retrospective study regarding our institutional outcomes at one year. In this study we evaluated the change in the apnea hypopnea index, epworth sleepiness score, and functional outcomes of sleep score at one year post implant.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of patients ≥ 18 years of age who had PNS implanted for moderate to severe CSA at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center apnea between Feb 1, 2018 to July 1, 2021. Sleep disordered breathing parameters and objective sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores, and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) scores were assessed at baseline and one-year post-implant.

Results
Twenty-two patients were implanted with PNS at OSU between February 1, 2018 and May, 31, 2022. The AHI showed a statistically significant decrease from a median of 40 events/hour at baseline to 18 at follow-up (p-value = 0.003). The CAI decreased from 16 events/hour to 2 events/hour (p-value of 0.001). The obstructive apnea index, mixed apnea index, and hypopnea index did not significantly change. The ESS scores had a statistically significant improvement from a median score of 12 to 9 (p-value = 0.028). While the FOSQ showed a trend to improvement from 15.0 to 17.8, it was not statistically significant (p-value of 0.086).

Conclusion
Our study found that PNS therapy for moderate to severe CSA improves overall AHI and CAI. Objective sleepiness as measured by the ESS also improved at one-year post implant.
The Sprout Inhibitor 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene Results in Common Gene Expression Changes in Potato Cultivars with Varying Dormancy Profiles
Authors: Dobry Emily P , Campbell Michael A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSprout suppression is a crucial aspect of maintaining postharvest Solanum tuberosum (potato) tuber quality. 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) has demonstrated effective sprout suppression during long-term storage of potatoes. Its mode of action, however, remains unknown, and previous studies utilizing single cultivars preclude identification of a common response to treatment. Thus, the goal of this study was to identify common transcriptomic responses of multiple potato cultivars of varying dormancy lengths to DMN exposure during two dormancy stages. RNA-seq gene expression profiling supported differing sensitivity to DMN treatment dependent upon cultivar and dormancy stage. A limited number of genes with similar expression patterns were common to all cultivars. These were primarily identified in ecodormant tubers and were associated with cell cycle progression, hormone signaling, and biotic and abiotic stress response. DMN treatment resulted in significant upregulation of members of ANAC/NAC and WRKY transcription factor families. Investigation of affected protein-protein interaction networks revealed a small number of networks responsive to DMN in all cultivars. These results suggest that response to DMN is largely cultivar and dormancy stage-dependent, and the primary response is governed by a limited number of stress and growth-related genes and protein-protein interactions.
An unfavorable indoor environment as mediator between fuel poverty and health: an exploration
Authors: Bosman Charley , Kroesbergen Ike , Stoopendaal Marjolein 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim
The objective of this study is to gain insight into the extent to which an unfavorable indoor environment mediates the association between fuel poverty and health.

Method
Data from the 2022 Dutch Health Survey were enriched with some registration data from the 2020 Monitor Fuel Poverty, resulting in a study population of 16,210 adults. Using Structural Equation Modeling in R, the mediation effect of an unfavorable indoor environment on the relationship between fuel poverty and various health outcomes was examined. An unfavorable indoor environment was defined as moisture, mold, and/or inadequate ventilation, as indicators of housing quality. Analyses were adjusted for various demographic factors: age, gender, property ownership (tenants or not), level of education, household with or with no children, and level of urbanity of the residence.

Results
Fuel poverty is negatively associated with the absence of mental health issues and with social capital and positively associated with the risk of anxiety or depression, a negative self-rated health, physical limitations in daily life, loneliness, and stress. These associations are partially mediated by an unfavorable indoor environment (mediation proportion: 5.5–10.8%). In a subgroup analysis of tenants of housing corporations, the mediation proportion ranges from 8.3 to 20.1%.

Conclusion
An unfavorable housing quality with moisture, mold, and/or inadequate ventilation is a mediating factor in the relationship between fuel poverty and health. Addressing the health effects of fuel poverty requires a comprehensive and structural approach, of which the indoor environment is an integral part. Connecting fuel poverty, housing quality, and health is necessary in both research and policy addressing fuel poverty.
Empoasca fabalis DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in European sweet potatoes: records, leaf damage, and Auchenorrhyncha insights
Authors: Aguin-Pombo Dora , Boavida Conceição , Valdiviesso Teresa , Trindade Cândida S. , Backus Elaine , Mateus Célia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe recent surge in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivation in Europe prompted an investigation into associated entomofauna within Portugal's southwestern region, known for its longstanding sweet potato production. This study aimed to assess entomofauna associated with this culture.Insect sampling was conducted by leaf and sweep net across three regional sites during 2018 and 2019 revealing the presence of Empoasca fabalis. Histological examination of sweet potato leaves affected by E. fabalis feeding unveiled significant damage, including the emergence of whitish spots (termed “stipples”) and subsequent necrotic spots. Comparative analysis between infested and undamaged control leaves revealed significant damage, involving mesophyll cell content deprivation and cellular disruption. This study describes, for the first time, the histological nature of the necrotic damage and suggests that E. fabalis primarily acts as a stippler on sweet potatoes, mainly targeting mesophyll cells with limited consumption of vascular tissue. The invasive behaviour and wide host range of E. fabalis pose a threat to sweet potato cultivation. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring to address the potential impact of E. fabalis on Europe’s agricultural ecosystem and native vegetation.In addition, six other Auchenorrhyncha species were identified during this study, including four crucial vectors of plant diseases: Laodelphax striatellus, Psammotettix alienus, Anaceratagallia glabra, Austroagallia sinuata, together with Empoasca solani and E. alsiosa. These results emphasise the importance of managing these insects in sweet potato cultivation.
Automated contouring of CTV and OARs in planning CT scans using novel hybrid convolution-transformer networks for prostate cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Arjmandi Najmeh , Nasseri Shahrokh , Momennezhad Mehdi , Mehdizadeh Alireza , Hosseini Sare , Mohebbi Shokoufeh , Tehranizadeh Amin Amiri , Pishevar Zohreh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose objective(s)
Manual contouring of the prostate region in planning computed tomography (CT) images is a challenging task due to factors such as low contrast in soft tissues, inter- and intra-observer variability, and variations in organ size and shape. Consequently, the use of automated contouring methods can offer significant advantages. In this study, we aimed to investigate automated male pelvic multi-organ contouring in multi-center planning CT images using a hybrid convolutional neural network-vision transformer (CNN-ViT) that combines convolutional and ViT techniques.

Materials/methods
We used retrospective data from 104 localized prostate cancer patients, with delineations of the clinical target volume (CTV) and critical organs at risk (OAR) for external beam radiotherapy. We introduced a novel attention-based fusion module that merges detailed features extracted through convolution with the global features obtained through the ViT.

Results
The average dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) achieved by VGG16-UNet-ViT for the prostate, bladder, rectum, right femoral head (RFH), and left femoral head (LFH) were 91.75%, 95.32%, 87.00%, 96.30%, and 96.34%, respectively. Experiments conducted on multi-center planning CT images indicate that combining the ViT structure with the CNN network resulted in superior performance for all organs compared to pure CNN and transformer architectures. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves more precise contours compared to state-of-the-art techniques.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate that integrating ViT into CNN architectures significantly improves segmentation performance. These results show promise as a reliable and efficient tool to facilitate prostate radiotherapy treatment planning.
Advanced porous covalent organic framework (COF) materials for the capture of alizarin dye and its derivatives from the aquatic environment
Authors: Nakhaei Alireza , Raissi Heidar , Farzad Farzaneh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effective removal of dye pollutants from water and wastewater is a key environmental challenge. The present study is developed to investigate alizarin (ALI) dye and its derivations, including Alizarin blue (ABL), Alizarin purpurin (APU), Quinalizarin (AQU), Alizarin cyanin (ACY), and Alizarin Red S (ARS) removal process from water and wastewater sources, using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) nanoadsorbents. Herein, we explore the process of how dye molecules are absorbed onto COFs with precise supramolecular structures. The molecular dynamics (MD) and well-tempered metadynamics (WTMtD) simulations are used to investigate this process in aqueous solution. From the results obtained, it is clear that the intermolecular van der Waals (vdw) and π-π interactions have a significant role on accelerating the interaction between dye molecules and the COF nanostructures. This ultimately leads to the creation of a stable dye-COF complex. The dye-adsorbent average interaction energy value reaches around APU-COF1=−604.34, AQU-COF1=-515.25, ABL-COF1=−504.74, ALI-COF1=−489.48, ARS-COF1=−475.81, ACY-COF1=−273.82, AQU-COF2=−459.76, ALI-COF2=−451.46, ABL-COF2=−405.90, APU-COF2=−367.55, ACY-COF2=−287.89, ARS-COF2=−210.63 kJ/mol for dye/COF1 and dye/COF2 complexes, respectively. The primary interaction between dye and COFs is attributed to the Lennard-Jones term, resulting from the formation of a strong π-π interaction between the dye molecules and the surface of the adsorbent. Overall, our simulations confirmed that the COF1 nanostructure is more effective than the COF2 nanostructure in removing alizarin dye and its derivatives. In this study, not only the performance of two COFs in removing alizarin dye and its derivatives has been compared, but also the possibility of removing alizarin dye and its derivatives with both COFs has been examined.