bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yanshan‐Himalayan Denudation in Western Hubei Eastern Chongqing Area
Authors: Yu‐Song YUAN , Juan‐Hua LIN , Xin‐Yang CHENG , Shuang‐Jian LI 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWestern Hubei Eastern Chongqing area is a major exploration block of marine‐facies petroleum as well as a currently popular area of shale gas exploration. It has suffered long term uplift and erosion since the Late Yanshan‐Himalayan period. Erosion thickness is an indispensable basic parameter for study of thermal evolution of source rocks, reservoir formation and evolution, and basin modeling to calculate the amount of resources. Considering the inherent limitations and application conditions of the existing methods of erosion thickness reconstruction, firstly we used the paleogeothermal gradient inversion method to reconstruct the erosion thickness of boreholes after analyzing the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) profiles. Then, we studied the relationship between the erosion thickness of boreholes and the upmost sequences of the boreholes drilled. After that, a contour map was compiled based on the geological map. The results show that the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) profiles of boreholes in the western Hubei Eastern Chongqing area do not show obvious “dislocations” or “jumps”, recorded maximum palaeotemperatures of sequences in the maximum burial depth. There exists a clear correlation between the erosion thickness and the upmost sequence of the wells: the greater age of the upmost sequence, the greater erosion thickness of the well, and vice versa. Generally, the late Yanshan‐Himalayan erosion amount gradually decreases from east to west in the Western Hubei Eastern Chongqing area. From the Lichuan area to Shizhu and to the west of the Fangdoushan, the erosion thickness decreases from 2000∼4000 m to 1500∼2500 m and to 1000∼1500 m.
Study of Crustal Thickness and Poisson's Ratio in the Coastal Area of South China
Authors: Hai‐Bo HUANG , Xing‐Wei GUO , Shao‐Hong XIA , Xue‐Lin QIU 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe crustal thickness (H) and Poisson's ratio (ν) are two important parameters for understanding the plate motion and the structure in the earth. We collected teleseismic receiver functions of earthquakes, which occurred from 2001 to 2008, from 75 permanent seismic stations of Guangdong and Fujian networks. In total, 74 estimations of H and ν were obtained by making use of the H‐κ method. Combining characteristics of the fault distribution, seismicity and topography, several conclusions were achieved below: (1) Crustal thickness ranges from 26 to 32 km, reducing from land to sea and from north to south. Poisson's ratio is 0.23∼0.28, increasing from the inland to sea. Variations of H and ν have positive and negative correlations with surface topography, respectively. (2) Fault activity corresponds to the block‐like and band‐shaped distributions of H and ν. Transitional variation zones of H and ν spread in accordance with the seismicity. Earthquake clusters and mantle upwelling are generally corresponding to the rapid increase of ν. (3) Crustal rocks in this area mainly consist of intermediate and acidic mineral. Crustal thicknesses are positively and negatively related to Poisson's ratio under actions of extensional tectonics offshore and thrusting structure in folded regions, respectively, revealing the diverse evolution models in different eras and districts.
Study of Crust and Lithosphere Velocity Structure Character of Chinese North‐South Tectonic Belt and Its Adjacent Regions
Authors: Wei‐Wei JIANG , Di‐Di JIANG , Yi XU , Tian‐Yao HAO , Wei‐Jian HU , Jing‐Feng YU 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we based on gravity data and used the inversion method of Parker‐Oldenburg to calculate the crustal thickness in Chinese North‐South tectonic belt and its adjacent regions, while we also used the inversion method of seismic tomography to research the three‐dimensional velocity structure of the crust and mantle in the study area. According to the results of calculation we discussed the crust and lithosphere structures of the study area. We tried to reveal the deformation characteristics of crust and lithosphere of Chinese North‐South tectonic belt and its adjacent regions, and then discussed the deep causes of the crust‐mantle tectonic evolution in the Tibetan Plateau active zone, the upper mantle rheological property in the study area and its dynamics significance. The studies show that the crustal thickness of the North‐South tectonic belt changes rapidly, the west area has a thickening crust, the east area of Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin has a stable crust, while further eastward the crust is thinning. The boundary between thinning and thickening lithosphere is limited in the Da Hinggan Ling Mountains‐Taihang Mountains‐Qinling Mountains‐Daba Mountains‐Wuling Mountains area. It is also the deep tectonic boundary of eastern continental margin zone and central Yangtze‐Ordos Craton regions. Not only are the shallow geological structures different on its two sides, but the physical property state and the thermal activities in the deep upper mantle are also distinctly different, which indicates that, in the study area, the structure of lithosphere and asthenosphere, and the distribution of deep material are laterally heterogeneous. Deep tectonic boundary of the central region and Tibetan Plateau is located at about 100°E–102°E longitude.
Pretransplant Coagulopathy and In‐hospital Outcomes Among Heart Transplant Recipients: A Propensity‐Matched Nationwide Inpatient Sample Study
Authors: Mujib Marjan , Khanna Neel , Mazumder Nabila K. , Aronow Wilbert S. , Kolte Dhaval , Khera Sahil , Palaniswamy Chandrasekar , Jain Diwakar , Lanier Gregg M. , Sule Sachin , Ahmed Ali , Levy Wayne C. , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Cooper Howard A. , Panza Julio A. , Gass Alan L. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prevalence and contemporary trends of pre–heart transplantation (HT) coagulopathy and associated clinical outcomes have not been studied from a national database.HypothesisPre‐HT coagulopathy is associated with increased in‐hospital mortality.MethodsAmong 2454 adult HT recipients from the 2003 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases, 707 (29%) had pre‐HT coagulopathy (defined as a comorbidity variable, based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninthe Revision, Clinical Modification and Diagnosis Related Group codes). We used propensity scores for coagulopathy to assemble a matched cohort of 664 pairs of patients with and without coagulopathy balanced in 54 baseline characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence of pre‐HT coagulopathy increased from 17% in 2003 to 44% in 2010 (P for trend <0.001). In‐hospital mortality occurred in 8.6% and 4.7% of matched HT recipients with and without coagulopathy, respectively (hazard ratio: 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17‐2.80; P = 0.008). Coagulopathy was not significantly associated with post‐HT graft complications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.95‐1.52; P = 0.131) but was associated with increased blood transfusions (OR: 1.92; 95% CI, 1.54–2.41; P < 0.001). Coagulopathy and no‐coagulopathy groups had no difference in median length of stay (22 days in each group, P = 0.746), but median total hospital charges were higher among patients with coagulopathy compared to those without (US$425 643 vs US$389 656; P = 0.008).ConclusionsIn this national study of HT recipients, pretransplant coagulopathy was common, increased over time, and was not significantly associated with post‐HT graft complications or increased hospital stay. However, it was associated with increased bleeding risk, in‐hospital mortality, and total hospital charges. These findings may have implications for the selection of patients for HT.
Design and Synthesis of a MAO‐B‐Selectively Activated Prodrug Based on MPTP: A Mitochondria‐Targeting Chemotherapeutic Agent for Treatment of Human Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Sharpe Martyn A. , Han Junyan , Baskin Alexandra M. , Baskin David S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMalignant gliomas, including glioblastomas, are extremely difficult to treat. The median survival for glioblastoma patients with optimal therapeutic intervention is 15 months. We developed a novel MAO‐B‐selectively activated prodrug, N,N‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐2‐(1‐methyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridin‐4‐yl)propanamide (MP‐MUS), for the treatment of gliomas based on 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The design of neutral MP‐MUS involved the use of a seeker molecule capable of binding to mitochondrial MAO‐B, which is up‐regulated ≥fourfold in glioma cells. Once the binding occurs, MP‐MUS is converted into a positively charged moiety, P+‐MUS, which accumulates inside mitochondria at a theoretical maximal value of 1000:1 gradient. The LD50 of MP‐MUS against glioma cells is 75 μM, which is two‐ to threefold more potent than temozolomide, a primary drug for gliomas. Importantly, MP‐MUS was found to be selectively toxic toward glioma cells. In the concentration range of 150–180 μM MP‐MUS killed 90–95 % of glioma cells, but stimulated the growth of normal human astrocytes. Moreover, maturation of MP‐MUS is highly dependent on MAO‐B, and inhibition of MAO‐B activity with selegiline protected human glioma cells from apoptosis.
Screening and In Vitro Testing of Antifolate Inhibitors of Human Cytosolic Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase
Authors: Paiardini Alessandro , Fiascarelli Alessio , Rinaldo Serena , Daidone Frederick , Giardina Giorgio , Koes David R. , Parroni Alessia , Montini Giulia , Marani Marina , Paone Alessio , McDermott Lee A. , Contestabile Roberto , Cutruzzolà Francesca 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming of tumor cells toward serine catabolism is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), the enzyme providing one‐carbon units by converting serine and tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu) to glycine and 5,10‐CH2‐H4PteGlu, therefore represents a target of interest in developing new chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, 13 folate analogues under clinical evaluation or in therapeutic use were in silico screened against SHMT, ultimately identifying four antifolate agents worthy of closer evaluation. The interaction mode of SHMT with these four antifolate drugs (lometrexol, nolatrexed, raltitrexed, and methotrexate) was assessed. The mechanism of SHMT inhibition by the selected antifolate agents was investigated in vitro using the human cytosolic isozyme. The results of this study showed that lometrexol competitively inhibits SHMT with inhibition constant (Ki) values in the low micromolar. The binding mode of lometrexol to SHMT was further investigated by molecular docking. These results thus provide insights into the mechanism of action of antifolate drugs and constitute the basis for the rational design of novel and more potent inhibitors of SHMT.
Patient beliefs that chemotherapy may be curative and care received at the end of life among patients with metastatic lung and colorectal cancer
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Walling Anne , Dy Sydney , Antonio Anna Liza M. , Adams John , Keating Nancy L. , Tisnado Diana 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDMany patients with incurable cancer inaccurately believe that chemotherapy may cure them. Little is known about how such beliefs affect choices for care at the end of life. This study assessed whether patients with advanced cancer who believed that chemotherapy might offer a cure were more likely to receive chemotherapy in the last month of life and less likely to enroll in hospice care before death.METHODSThis study examined patients diagnosed with stage IV lung or colorectal cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance consortium, a population‐ and health system–based prospective cohort study. Among 722 patients who completed a baseline survey and died during the study period, logistic regression was used to assess the association of understanding goals of chemotherapy with chemotherapy use in the last month of life and hospice enrollment before death; adjustments were made for patient and tumor characteristics.RESULTSOne‐third of the patients (33%) recognized that chemotherapy was “not at all” likely to cure their cancer. After adjustments, such patients were no less likely than other patients to receive end‐of‐life chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84‐2.09), but they were more likely than other patients to enroll in hospice (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.37‐2.82).CONCLUSIONSAn understanding of the purpose of chemotherapy for incurable cancer is a critical aspect of informed consent. Still, advanced cancer patients who were well informed about chemotherapy's goals received late‐life chemotherapy at rates similar to those for other patients. An understanding of the incurable nature of cancer, however, is associated with increased hospice enrollment before death, and this suggests important care outcomes beyond chemotherapy use. Cancer 2015;121:1891–1897. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Residential racial segregation and mortality among black, white, and Hispanic urban breast cancer patients in Texas, 1995 to 2009
Authors: Pruitt Sandi L. , Lee Simon J. Craddock , Tiro Jasmin A. , Xuan Lei , Ruiz John M. , Inrig Stephen 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDThe authors investigated whether residential segregation (the degree to which racial/ethnic groups live separately from one another in a geographic area) 1) was associated with mortality among urban women with breast cancer, 2) explained racial/ethnic disparities in mortality, and 3) whether its association with mortality varied by race/ethnicity.METHODSUsing Texas Cancer Registry data, all‐cause mortality and breast‐cancer mortality were examined among 109,749 urban black, Hispanic, and white women aged ≥50 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1995 to 2009. Racial (black) segregation and ethnic (Hispanic) segregation of patient's neighborhoods were measured and were compared with the larger metropolitan statistical area using the location quotient measure. Shared frailty Cox proportional hazard models were used to nest patients within residential neighborhoods (census tract) and were controlled for race/ethnicity, age, diagnosis year, tumor stage, grade, histology, neighborhood poverty, and county‐level mammography availability.RESULTSGreater black segregation and Hispanic segregation were adversely associated with cause‐specific mortality and all‐cause mortality. For example, in adjusted models, Hispanic segregation was associated with cause‐specific mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‐1.46). Compared with whites, blacks had higher mortality for both outcomes, whereas Hispanics demonstrated equivalent (cause‐specific) or lower (all‐cause) mortality. Segregation did not explain racial/ethnic disparities in mortality. Within each race/ethnicity strata, segregation was either adversely associated with mortality or was not significant.CONCLUSIONSAmong urban women with breast cancer in Texas, segregation has an independent, adverse association with mortality, and the effect of segregation varies by patient race/ethnicity. The novel application of a small‐area measure of relative racial segregation should be examined in other cancer types with documented racial/ethnic disparities across varied geographic areas. Cancer 2015;121:1845–1855. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of pharmacological effect of a selective estrogen receptor β agonist on total testosterone in healthy men
Authors: Hu Leijun , Jin Yan , Li Ying Grace , Borel Anthony 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundLY500307 is a highly selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist, which loses its selectivity at high dose and leads to undesirable suppression of total testosterone (TT) concentration. The objective of the present analysis was to define the LY500307 dose with minimal effect on TTMethodsLY500307 and TT concentrations were obtained from a single ascending‐dose study in a total of 30 healthy male subjects. LY500307 (in the range of 0.5 to 500 mg) or placebo was administered orally as a single dose on 2 occasions with a 3‐week washout period. A population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model that integrated Fourier series in an indirect response model was developed to describe the circadian rhythm of TT and the exposure‐response relationship of LY500307 on TT.ResultsThe maximum TT suppression (Emax) was approximately 28.6%. The potency (EC50) of LY500307 on TT suppression was approximately 1.69 ng/mL with a 95%CI of 0.871 to 4.44 ng/mL. This model could provide inferences on LY500307 dose levels that would result in various magnitudes of TT suppression.ConclusionsPopulation PK/PD modeling is a highly sensitive tool to detect exposure‐response relationships on top of the complicated and highly variable circadian rhythm of TT.
Methods for Improving the Lifetime Performance of Organic Photovoltaics with Low‐Costing Encapsulation
Authors: Giannouli Myrsini , Drakonakis Vasileios M. , Savva Achilleas , Eleftheriou Polyvios , Florides Georgios , Choulis Stelios A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent years have seen considerable advances in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), most notably a significant increase in their efficiency, from around 4 % to over 10 %. The stability of these devices, however, continues to remain an issue that needs to be resolved to enable their commercialization. This review discusses the main degradation processes of OPVs and recent methods that help to increase device stability and lifetime. One of the most effective steps that can be taken to increase the lifetime of OPVs is their encapsulation, which protects them from atmospheric degradation. Efficient encapsulation is essential for long‐term device performance, but it is equally important for the commercialization of OPVs to strike a balance between achieving the maximum device protection possible and using low‐cost processing for their encapsulation. Various encapsulation techniques are discussed herein, with emphasis on their cost effectiveness and their overall suitability for commercial applications.
Change of Surface Structure upon Foam Film Formation
Authors: Ridings Christiaan , Andersson Gunther G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe charge distribution and coverage with surfactant molecules at foam film surfaces plays an important role in determining foam film structure and stability. This work uses the concentration depth profiling technique neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy to experimentally observe the charge distribution in a foam film for the first time. The charge distribution at the surface of a foam film and the surface of the corresponding bulk liquid were measured for a cationic surfactant solution and the surface excess as well as the electric potential were determined. Describing the internal pressure of foam films by using the electrochemical potential is introduced as a new concept. The foam film can be seen to have a more negative surface charge compared to the bulk liquid surface due to re‐arranging of the surfactant molecules. It is discussed how the change in surface excess and electric potential change the electrochemical potential and the stability of the foam film.
Preparation of Iron‐Containing Schiff Base and Ionic Liquid Based Bifunctional Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica and Its Application in the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidinones
Authors: Elhamifar Dawood , Nazari Elham 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel iron‐containing Schiff base and ionic liquid based bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica (Fe@SBIL‐BPMO) was prepared, characterized, and its catalytic application was developed. The SBIL‐BPMO was first prepared by the grafting of 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane on an ionic‐liquid‐based PMO followed by treatment with 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde in toluene at reflux. This material was then reacted with Fe(NO3)3⋅9 H2O to afford the Fe@BPMO‐SBIL nanocatalyst. The catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen sorption experiments, diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, low‐angle powder XRD, and TEM. The Fe@SBIL‐BPMO catalyst was successfully applied in the one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidinone/thione derivatives under solvent‐free reactions. The stability, reactivity, and reusability of the catalyst under the reaction conditions have also been investigated.
Small and Medium Enterprises and Corporate Social Responsibility Practice: A Swedish Perspective
Authors: Lee Ki‐Hoon , Herold David M. , Yu Ae‐Li 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice in Swedish small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). A case study approach is used to investigate the CSR perception, motivation, and activities of two Swedish SMEs. This paper indicates that two Swedish SMEs studied adopt a profit‐seeking rather than a profit‐sacrificing CSR approach. Furthermore, the paper argues that the perception, the motivation, and part of the CSR activities are well incorporated in the decision to engage in CSR. However, the Swedish SMEs in our case studies are often limited in communicating their CSR activities due to a lack of resources and management skills. This communication gap between intended and actual communication drives the overall CSR impact on business performance from marginal to non‐existent. As a result, looking at the overall business impact, a meant‐to‐be profit‐seeking strategy is actually turned into a profit‐sacrificing activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Quantitative Investigation of Free Radicals in Bio‐Oil and their Potential Role in Condensed‐Phase Polymerization
Authors: Kim Kwang Ho , Bai Xianglan , Cady Sarah , Gable Preston , Brown Robert C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report on the quantitative analysis of free radicals in bio‐oils produced from pyrolysis of cellulose, organosolv lignin, and corn stover by EPR spectroscopy. Also, we investigated their potential role in condensed‐phase polymerization. Bio‐oils produced from lignin and cellulose show clear evidence of homolytic cleavage reactions during pyrolysis that produce free radicals. The concentration of free radicals in lignin bio‐oil was 7.5×1020 spin g−1, which was 375 and 138 times higher than free‐radical concentrations in bio‐oil from cellulose and corn stover. Pyrolytic lignin had the highest concentration in free radicals, which could be a combination of carbon‐centered (benzyl radicals) and oxygen‐centered (phenoxy radicals) organic species because they are delocalized in a π system. Free‐radical concentrations did not change during accelerated aging tests despite increases in molecular weight of bio‐oils, suggesting that free radicals in condensed bio‐oils are stable.
Ultra‐low voltage fractional‐order circuits using current mirrors
Authors: Tsirimokou Georgia , Psychalinos Costas 
Published: February 2015

SummaryFractional‐order blocks, including differentiators, lossy and lossless integrators as well as filters of order 1 + a (0 < a < 1), are presented in this paper. The proposed topologies offer the benefit of ultra low‐voltage operation; in addition, reduced circuit complexity is achieved compared to the corresponding companding schemes, which have been already introduced in the literature. The ultra‐low voltage operation is performed through the employment of metal oxide semiconductor transistors biased in the subthreshold region. The reduction of circuit complexity is achieved through the utilization of current mirrors as active elements for realizing the required building blocks. The performance of the proposed fractional‐order circuits has been evaluated through the Analog Design Environment of the Cadence software and the design kit provided by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.