bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuspal Movement related to Different Polymerization Protocols
Authors: Kuga Milton Carlos , Piccioni Máyra Andressa Rodrigues Valinhos , Baratto-Filho Flares , de Morais Eduardo Christiano Caregnatto , Campos Edson Alves 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study to investigate the effects of different polymerization protocols on the cuspal movement in class II composite restorations.

Materials and methods
Human premolar teeth were prepared with class II cavities and then restored with composite and three-step and two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems under different curing techniques (n = 10). It was used a lightemitting- diode curing unit and the mode of polymerization were: standard (exposure for 40 seconds at 700 mW/cm2), pulse-delay (initial exposure for 6 seconds at 350 mW/cm2 followed by a resting period of 3 minutes and a final exposure of 37 seconds at 700 mW/cm2) and soft-start curing (exposure 10 seconds at 350 mW/cm2 and 35 seconds at 700 mW/cm2). The cuspal distance (ìm) was measured before and after the restorative procedure and the difference was recorded as cuspal movement. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p < 0.05).

Results
The type of adhesive system did not influenced the cuspal movement for all the curing methods. Standard protocol showed the highest values of cuspal movement and was statistically different from the pulse-delay and soft-start curing modes.

Conclusion
Although the cuspal displacement was not completely avoided, alternative methods of photocuring should be considered to minimize the clinical consequences of composites contraction stress.

How to cite this article
Piccioni MARV, Baratto-Filho F, Kuga MC, de Morais ECC, Campos EA. Cuspal Movement related to Different Polymerization Protocols. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):26-28.
Wisdom Tooth—Complications in Extraction
Authors: Singh Nishi , Agrawal Amiya , Yadav Arvind , Chandel Siddhartha , Singhal Ankita 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence of complications in a group of 171 patients in whom extractions of impacted mandibular third molar have been performed by two oral surgeons between the period April 2010 and March 2012. This retrospective study comprises evaluation of 270 impacted mandibular third molars which were classified into two groups A and B on the basis of procedure of osteotomy only and osteotomy and odontotomy both respectively. Total no of complications reported were 40 (14.81%). Maximum no of cases reported alveolar osteitis (AO) (11.11%) while other complications reported root tip fractures (2.22%), lingual nerve parasthesia and TMJ problems (each 0.74%) in descending frequency. Conclusion drawn is that the risk of complications in extractions of impacted mandibular third molars always exists, and extractions associated with both osteotomy and odontotomy are associated with higher risk of complications.

How to cite this article
Agrawal A, Yadav A, Chandel S, Singh N, Singhal A. Wisdom Tooth—Complications in Extraction. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):34-36.
Overlays or Ceramic Fragments for Tooth Restoration: An Analysis of Fracture Resistance
Authors: Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Malheiros Adriana Santos , de Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , Firoozmand Leily Macedo , Silva Mônica Barros 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mode of fracture and resistance of partial ceramic restorations of posterior teeth.Materials and methodsThirty healthy upper premolars were selected and divided into three groups (n = 10): Group 1— control, healthy unrestored teeth, group 2—teeth restored with ceramic fragments; and group 3—teeth restored with ceramic overlays. The restorations were manufactured with feldspathic ceramic and cemented with RelyX ARC resin cement. After being stored in distilled water for 7 days, the teeth were subjected to axial compression mechanical testing with a universal testing machine. Force was applied to the long axis of the tooth at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). The mode of fracture was scored according to the degree of involvement of the tooth structure and the type of restoration.ResultsA significant difference (p < 0.05) was showed between groups 2 (1155 N) and 3 (846.6 N), but there was no significant difference between group 1 and the other groups (1046 N), More extensive fractures were prevalent in the healthy teeth group (Group 1), which had no occlusal coverage; less severe fractures were found in groups 2 and 3.ConclusionWe conclude that teeth restored with ceramic fragments may offer greater resistance to fractures compared to teeth that have overlay restorations.How to cite this articlede Jesus Tavarez RR, Firoozmand LM, Silva MB, Malheiros AS, Bandéca MC. Overlays or Ceramic Fragments for Tooth Restoration: An Analysis of Fracture Resistance. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):56-60.
Clear Cell variant of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor without Calcification: A Rarity
Authors: Mutalik Vimi Sunil , Solomon Monica , Nichat Prasanna , Carnelio Sunitha , Radhakrishnan Raghu 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive odontogenic epithelial tumor that affects the jaws. Although there are numerous reports on the variants of CEOT, occurrence of clear cells with complete absence of calcification has been a rarity. Histochemical analysis of tumor cells revealed glycogen granules with PAS staining, with absence of CD 1a staining in clear cells, while the amyloid-like deposit associated with clear cells showed green birefringence with Congo red. We report an unusual variant of CEOT occurring in a 27 years old male patient.

How to cite this article
Mutalik VS, Nichat P, Carnelio S, Solomon M, Radhakrishnan R. Clear Cell variant of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor without Calcification: A Rarity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):119-121.
A 2000 year natural record of magnitudes and frequencies for the largest Upper Colorado River floods near Moab, Utah
Authors: Greenbaum Noam , Harden Tessa M. , Baker Victor R. , Weisheit John , Cline Michael L. , Porat Naomi , Halevi Rafi , Dohrenwend John 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUsing well‐established procedures for paleoflood hydrology and employing optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) geochronology, we analyzed a very well‐preserved natural record of 44 Upper Colorado River extreme floods with discharges ranging from 1800 to 9200 m3s−1. These are the largest floods occurring during the last 2140 ± 220 years, and this natural record indicates that large floods are much more frequent than can be estimated by extrapolation from the stream gaging record that extends back to 1914. Most of these large floods occurred during the last 500 years, and the two largest floods in the record both exceeded the probable maximum flood (PMF) estimated at 8500 m3s−1(300,000 cfs) for nearby Moab, Utah. Another four floods, with discharges greater than 7000 m3s−1, occurred during the last two millennia. Flood frequency analyses using the FLDFRQ3 model yields the following values, depending on the Manningnroughness coefficients: 100 yr flood—4670–4990 m3s−1; 500 yr flood—6675–7270 m3s−1; 1000 yr flood—7680–8440 m3s−1. The presumed PMF discharge (8500 m3s−1) gets assigned a recurrence interval of about 1000 years, and the largest historical 1884 flood (3540 m3s−1)—a recurrence interval of <100 years. Flood frequency analysis for the Moab Valley based on the gaged record (1914–2012) yield 2730 m3s−1for the 100 yr flood and 3185 m3s−1for the 500 yr flood. This underestimation of the frequency of large floods from the gage data results from effects on that record by modern regulation of upstream river flow and associated water extraction for agriculture.
Extent of the rain‐snow transition zone in the western U.S. under historic and projected climate
Authors: Klos P. Zion , Link Timothy E. , Abatzoglou John T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the extent of the rain‐snow transition zone across the complex terrain of the western United States for both late 20th century climate and projected changes in climate by the mid‐21st century. Observed and projected temperature and precipitation data at 4 km resolution were used with an empirical probabilistic precipitation phase model to estimate and map the likelihood of snow versus rain occurrence. This approach identifies areas most likely to undergo precipitation phase change over the next half century. At broad scales, these projections indicate an average 30% decrease in areal extent of winter wet‐day temperatures conducive to snowfall over the western United States. At higher resolution scales, this approach identifies existing and potential experimental sites best suited for research investigating the mechanisms linking precipitation phase change to a broad array of processes, such as shifts in rain‐on‐snow flood risk, timing of water resource availability, and ecosystem dynamics.
Solar wind‐driven thermospheric winds over the Venus North Polar region
Authors: Lundin R. , Barabash S. , Futaana Y. , Holmström M. , Sauvaud J.‐A. , Fedorov A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractData from the neutral particle imager (NPI) on Venus Express reveals the presence of a persistent +Y (Venus Solar‐Oriented) flow of Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) in the Venus polar thermosphere. The overall flow morphology and altitude distribution of ENAs, solar wind H+ (SWH+), and ionospheric O+ imply that SWH+&O+ Charge Exchange (CE) with thermosphere neutrals causes the ENA flow. A dusk‐dawn and noon‐midnight ENA flux asymmetry is consistent with an asymmetric CE‐interaction with higher ENA fluxes in the dayside and dawn (+Y). Model ENA fluxes derived from CE between SWH+&O+ and a model oxygen thermosphere is consistent with NPI data. Adding energy‐corrected NPI fluxes and ion fluxes gives essentially constant fluxes of ≈1012 part/(m2s) in the altitude range of 200–1200 km. The energy and momentum of the 1–10 km/s ion and ENA flow, induced by solar wind forcing, should have implications for wind patterns in the polar thermosphere above 200 km.
Comment on “Temporal and spatial precursors in ionospheric total electron content of the 16 October 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake” by Su et al. (2013)
Authors: Masci F. , Thomas J. N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe review the recent paper by Su et al. (2013). Using Global Position System and Global Ionospheric Maps data, Su et al. claimed to have found ionospheric precursors a few days before the 16 October 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake. They proposed that this type of analysis of ionospheric data may be useful for locating forthcoming large earthquakes. In this Comment, we reexamine these data and show that ionospheric anomalies reported by Su et al. were not precursors to the Hector Mine earthquake. Therefore, their proposed analysis is not useful in the context of earthquake prediction.
Global morphology and spectral properties of EMIC waves derived from CRRES observations
Authors: Meredith Nigel P. , Horne Richard B. , Kersten Tobias , Fraser Brian J. , Grew Russell S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGyroresonant wave‐particle interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are a potentially important loss process for relativistic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts. Here we perform a statistical analysis of the EMIC waves observed by the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) to determine the global morphology and spectral properties of the waves and to help assess their role in radiation belt dynamics. Helium band EMIC waves, with intensities, , greater than 0.1 nT2, are most prevalent during active conditions (AE> 300 nT), from 4 <L*< 7 in the afternoon sector, with an average percentage occurrence of 2.7%. Hydrogen band EMIC wave events, with intensities greater than 0.1 nT2, are also most prevalent in the afternoon sector during active conditions in the same region, but they are less frequent with an average percentage occurrence of 0.6%. The average intensity of the helium and hydrogen band EMIC waves in the region 4 <L*< 7 in the afternoon sector during active conditions is 2 nT2 and 0.5 nT2, respectively, and suggests that the waves can cause strong diffusion. However, the time‐averaged properties are very different, being a factor of 30–50 lower for helium and hydrogen band EMIC waves, respectively, suggesting that the overall effect will be correspondingly weaker. Nevertheless, the moderate and strong EMIC wave events with reported on here will contribute to relativistic electron loss in the Earth's radiation belts and should be included in radiation belt models.
Acute mechanisms underlying antibody effects in anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Moscato Emilia H. , Peng Xiaoyu , Jain Ankit , Parsons Thomas D. , Dalmau Josep , Balice‐Gordon Rita J. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveA severe but treatable form of immune‐mediated encephalitis is associated with antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) against the GluN1 subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Prolonged exposure of hippocampal neurons to antibodies from patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis caused a reversible decrease in the synaptic localization and function of NMDARs. However, acute effects of the antibodies, fate of the internalized receptors, type of neurons affected, and whether neurons develop compensatory homeostatic mechanisms were unknown and are the focus of this study.MethodsDissociated hippocampal neuron cultures and rodent brain sections were used for immunocytochemical, physiological, and molecular studies.ResultsPatient antibodies bind to NMDARs throughout the rodent brain, and decrease NMDAR cluster density in both excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal neurons. They rapidly increase the internalization rate of surface NMDAR clusters, independent of receptor activity. This internalization likely accounts for the observed decrease in NMDAR‐mediated currents, as no evidence of direct blockade was detected. Once internalized, antibody‐bound NMDARs traffic through both recycling endosomes and lysosomes, similar to pharmacologically induced NMDAR endocytosis. The antibodies are responsible for receptor internalization, as their depletion from CSF abrogates these effects in hippocampal neurons. We find that although anti‐NMDAR antibodies do not induce compensatory changes in glutamate receptor gene expression, they cause a decrease in inhibitory synapse density onto excitatory hippocampal neurons.InterpretationOur data support an antibody‐mediated mechanism of disease pathogenesis driven by immunoglobulin‐induced receptor internalization. Antibody‐mediated downregulation of surface NMDARs engages homeostatic synaptic plasticity mechanisms, which may inadvertently contribute to disease progression. Ann Neurol 2014;76:108–119
Peptid‐Nanoröhren
Authors: Hamley Ian W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn diesem Aufsatz wird die Selbstorganisation verschiedener Klassen von Peptiden, einschließlich cyclischer Peptide, Amyloidpeptide und tensidartiger Peptide, zu Nanoröhrenstrukturen besprochen. Außer den Modi der Selbstorganisation werden auch Anwendungen auf den Gebieten der Bionanotechnologie und der synthetischen Materialien diskutiert.
Organokatalytische asymmetrische Epoxidierungen – Reaktionen, Mechanismen und Anwendungen
Authors: Davis Rebecca L. , Stiller Julian , Naicker Tricia , Jiang Hao , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChirale Epoxide sind vielseitige Bausteine in der Synthese komplexer organischer Gerüste. Durch die hohe Spannung ihres dreigliedrigen Rings können Epoxide eine Reihe von nucleophilen Ringöffnungsreaktionen eingehen. Nach der Entwicklung der Sharpless‐Epoxidierung folgten zahlreiche wichtige Fortschritte, und das rasch aufstrebende Feld der asymmetrischen Organokatalyse stellt nun Katalysatoren für die Epoxidierung eines breiten Spektrums an ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen bereit. In diesem Kurzaufsatz sind jüngste Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet organokatalytischer asymmetrischer Epoxidierungen zusammengefasst. Die vorgeschlagenen Reaktionsmechanismen werden beschrieben, und Anwendungen werden beschrieben.
Auf dem Weg zu größtmöglicher Effizienz bei der katalytischen Nutzung von Edelmetallen: atomar dispergiertes Oberflächen‐Platin
Authors: Bruix Albert , Lykhach Yaroslava , Matolínová Iva , Neitzel Armin , Skála Tomáš , Tsud Nataliya , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Stetsovych Vitalii , Ševčíková Klára , Mysliveček Josef , Fiala Roman , Václavů Michal , Prince Kevin C. , Bruyère Stéphanie , Potin Valérie , Illas Francesc , Matolín Vladimír , Libuda Jörg , Neyman Konstantin M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPlatin ist das am vielseitigsten eingesetzte Element in der Katalyse. Allerdings begrenzt der hohe Preis des Edelmetalls die Verwendung in vielen Bereichen, z. B. in Katalysatormaterialien für Brennstoffzellen. Trotzdem nutzen konventionelle Katalysatoren oftmals nur einen Bruchteil ihres Pt‐Gehaltes, nämlich diejenigen Atome, die sich auf der Oberfläche des Katalysators befinden. Eine effizientere Edelmetallnutzung setzt somit eine höhere, bevorzugt atomare Dispersion der Pt‐Atome auf der Oberfläche voraus. Tatsächlich ist es möglich, solche atomar dispergierten Pt‐Spezies mit sehr hoher Stabilität auf einer Katalysatoroberfläche herzustellen. Mithilfe von DFT‐Rechnungen identifizieren wir ein spezifisches Strukturmerkmal solcher Systeme, eine sogenannte Cerdioxid‐“Nanotasche”, die Pt2+‐Ionen so stabilisiert, dass diese sowohl thermischem Sintern als auch einer Diffusion in tiefere Katalysatorebenen widerstehen. Die theoretisch vorhergesagte außerordentliche Stabilität wurde experimentell an Modellkatalysatoren verifiziert. In realen Pt‐CeO2‐Nanomaterialien, die tatsächlich eine sehr hohe katalytische Aktivität in Brennstoffzellen zeigen, identifizieren wir diese Bindungsstellen ebenfalls. Die so erhaltenen neuen Materialien können dazu beitragen, den Bedarf an Edelmetallen für Katalysatormaterialien erheblich zu reduzieren.
Picket‐Fence Polythiophene and its Diblock Copolymers that Afford Microphase Separations Comprising a Stacked and an Isolated Polythiophene Ensemble
Authors: Pan Chengjun , Sugiyasu Kazunori , Aimi Junko , Sato Akira , Takeuchi Masayuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAll‐polythiophene diblock copolymers, comprising one unsheathed block and one fenced block, were synthesized through catalyst‐transfer polycondensation. The unsheathed block self‐assembles through π‐π stacking, thereby inducing microphase separation. Consequently, we have succeeded in creating a microphase separation comprising an ensemble of stacked and isolated polythiophenes. This achievement could be extended to various unexplored applications as a result of the integration of the contrasting functions of the two blocks.
Fast Prediction of Adsorption Properties for Platinum Nanocatalysts with Generalized Coordination Numbers
Authors: Calle‐Vallejo Federico , Martínez José I. , García‐Lastra Juan M. , Sautet Philippe , Loffreda David 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPlatinum is a prominent catalyst for a multiplicity of reactions because of its high activity and stability. As Pt nanoparticles are normally used to maximize catalyst utilization and to minimize catalyst loading, it is important to rationalize and predict catalytic activity trends in nanoparticles in simple terms, while being able to compare these trends with those of extended surfaces. The trends in the adsorption energies of small oxygen‐ and hydrogen‐containing adsorbates on Pt nanoparticles of various sizes and on extended surfaces were analyzed through DFT calculations by making use of the generalized coordination numbers of the surface sites. This simple and predictive descriptor links the geometric arrangement of a surface to its adsorption properties. It generates linear adsorption‐energy trends, captures finite‐size effects, and provides more accurate descriptions than d‐band centers and usual coordination numbers. Unlike electronic‐structure descriptors, which require knowledge of the densities of states, it is calculated manually. Finally, it was shown that an approximate equivalence exists between generalized coordination numbers and d‐band centers.
Catalytic Biorefining of Plant Biomass to Non‐Pyrolytic Lignin Bio‐Oil and Carbohydrates through Hydrogen Transfer Reactions
Authors: Ferrini Paola , Rinaldi Roberto 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThrough catalytic hydrogen transfer reactions, a new biorefining method results in the isolation of depolymerized lignin—a non‐pyrolytic lignin bio‐oil—in addition to pulps that are amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared with organosolv lignin, the lignin bio‐oil is highly susceptible to further hydrodeoxygenation under low‐severity conditions and therefore establishes a unique platform for lignin valorization by heterogeneous catalysis. Overall, the potential of a catalytic biorefining method designed from the perspective of lignin utilization is reported.
Cold Denaturation of α‐Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Ikenoue Tatsuya , Lee Young‐Ho , Kardos József , Saiki Miyu , Yagi Hisashi , Kawata Yasushi , Goto Yuji 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough amyloid fibrils are associated with numerous pathologies, their conformational stability remains largely unclear. Herein, we probe the thermal stability of various amyloid fibrils. α‐Synuclein fibrils cold‐denatured to monomers at 0–20 °C and heat‐denatured at 60–110 °C. Meanwhile, the fibrils of β2‐microglobulin, Alzheimer’s Aβ1‐40/Aβ1‐42 peptides, and insulin exhibited only heat denaturation, although they showed a decrease in stability at low temperature. A comparison of structural parameters with positive enthalpy and heat capacity changes which showed opposite signs to protein folding suggested that the burial of charged residues in fibril cores contributed to the cold denaturation of α‐synuclein fibrils. We propose that although cold‐denaturation is common to both native proteins and misfolded fibrillar states, the main‐chain dominated amyloid structures may explain amyloid‐specific cold denaturation arising from the unfavorable burial of charged side‐chains in fibril cores.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Epoxidations: Reactions, Scope, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Davis Rebecca L. , Stiller Julian , Naicker Tricia , Jiang Hao , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChiral epoxides serve as versatile building blocks in the synthesis of complex organic frameworks. The high strain imposed by the three‐membered ring system makes epoxides prone to a variety of nucleophilic ring‐opening reactions. Since the development of the Sharpless epoxidation, there have been many important contributions and advances in this area. With the rapid development of the field of asymmetric organocatalysis, a wide range of organocatalysts is now able to catalyze the epoxidation of broad class of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In this Minireview, recent progress in the development of organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation methods, the proposed mechanisms of these reactions and their applications as intermediates is reported.