bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child and Family Predictors for Mastery Motivation in Children With Developmental Delays
Authors: Wang Pei-Jung , Liao Hua-Fang , Chen Li-Chiou , Kang Lin-Ju , Lu Lu , Barrett Karen Caplovitz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Motivation is a key factor for child development, but very few studies have examined child and family predictors of both child task and perceived motivation. Thus, the three aims of this 6-month longitudinal study in preschoolers with global developmental delays (GDD) were to explore: 1) differences between task and perceived motivation in cognitive domain; 2) differences among three domains of perceived motivation: cognitive, gross motor, and social; and 3) early child and family predictors of cognitive task motivation and the three domains of perceived motivation 6 months later. Results indicated that preschoolers with GDD showed higher cognitive task motivation than cognitive perceived motivation, and lower perceived cognitive motivation than the other two perceived motivation domains. Different child and family factors predicted cognitive task motivation and the three domains of perceived motivation. Practitioners should educate caregivers on how to observe children’s motivation to enhance children’s active participation.
Switchable multifunctional metasurface based on vanadium dioxide absorbing and focusing at the same frequency
Authors: Niu Junhao , Gong Haozhuo , Xu Chuanpei , Li Chunhui , Hui Qiang , Tian Renfang , Mo Wei 
Published: August 2024

In this study, we proposed a switchable multifunctional terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide, which can flexibly switch between absorbing and transmitting focusing. The design structure comprises the hybrid structure of vanadium dioxide and gold, vanadium dioxide film, and polyimide. Using the phase transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide and a reasonable layout of unit cells, the designed metasurface can absorb 97.5% and 99.4% of terahertz waves at 0.42 and 0.93 THz frequencies, respectively, under a vanadium dioxide–gold hybrid structure. In addition, the terahertz waves transmitted by the Fabry–Perot cavity, which is formed by consisting of two gold rings with diametrically opposite openings, can achieve polarization conversion and focusing effect at 0.93 THz frequency. The polarization conversion amplitude is up to 0.6. This study provides new ideas for designing multifunctional devices such as wavefront manipulation, focusing lenses, and stealth, and it has potential applications in terahertz imaging and communication.
Predictors of low birthweight and comparisons of newborn birthweights among different groups of maternal factors at Rev. John Chilembwe Hospital in Phalombe district, Malawi: A retrospective record review
Authors: Mfipa Dumisani , Hajison Precious L. , Mpachika-Mfipa Felistas 
Published: August 2024

Background
Birthweight has an impact on newborn’s future health outcomes. Maternal factors, including age, delivery mode, HIV status, gestational age, parity and obstetric complications (preeclampsia or eclampsia [PE], antepartum hemorrhage [APH] and sepsis), however, have been shown as risk factors of low birthweight (LBW) elsewhere. For data-guided interventions, we aimed to identify predictors of LBW and compare newborn birthweights between different groups of maternal factors at Rev. John Chilembwe Hospital in Phalombe district, Malawi.

Methods
Using a retrospective record review study design, we extracted data from maternity registers of 1244 women and their newborns from October, 2022 to March, 2023. Data were skewed. Median test was used to compare median birthweights. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare proportions of LBW among different groups of maternal factors. Multivariable logistic regression with stepwise, forward likelihood method was performed to identify predictors of LBW.

Results
Median birthweight was 2900.00g (interquartile range [IQR]: 2600.00g to 3200.00g). Prevalence of LBW was 16.7% (n = 208). Proportions of LBW infants were higher in women with PE, APH, including women with sepsis than controls (10 [47.6%] of 21 vs 7 [58.3%] of 12 vs 191 [15.8%] of 1211, p < .001). Lower in term and postterm than preterm (46 [5.5%] of 835 vs 2 [3.7%] of 54 vs 160 [45.1%] of 355, p < .001). The odds of LBW infants were higher in preterm than term (AOR = 13.76, 95%CI: 9.54 to 19.84, p < .001), women with PE (AOR = 3.88, 95%CI: 1.35 to 11.18, p = .012), APH, including women with sepsis (AOR = 6.25, 95%CI: 1.50 to 26.11, p = .012) than controls.

Conclusion
Prevalence of LBW was high. Its predictors were prematurity, PE, APH and sepsis. Interventions aimed to prevent these risk factors should be prioritized to improve birthweight outcomes.
The impact of biologic agents on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta analysis
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Yang Zheming , Li Jiayin , Mei Zhu , Jia Lihui , Yan Chenghui 
Published: August 2024

Objective
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of biologic therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients to determine its clinical efficacy.

Methods
Relevant literature was systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Meta-analysis was conducted using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were assessed. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Results
The meta-analysis revealed that biologic treatment in RA patients was associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to controls (MD: -0.10, 95% CI: [-0.14, -0.05], P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis based on treatment duration showed heterogeneity and a potential decrease in total cholesterol levels after 12 months of treatment (MD = -0.03, 95% CI [-0.21, -0.15], P = 0.76). Biologic therapy significantly reduced triglyceride levels compared to controls (MD = -0.23, 95% CI [-0.37, -0.09], P = 0.001), as observed in subgroup analysis. Moreover, biologics effectively decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD: -0.10, 95% CI: [-0.14, -0.05], P<0.0001). However, biologic treatment was associated with increased inner carotid artery thickness (MD: 0.05, 95% CI: [0.03, 0.07], P<0.0001), indicating potential adverse effects on cardiovascular health. No significant effect on pulse wave velocity (PWV) was observed (MD: -0.23, 95% CI: [-0.80, 0.34], P = 0.43, I2 = 0%, P = 0.55).

Conclusion
Biologic agents may improve lipid profiles in RA patients but could also have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the impact of biologic therapy on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular outcomes in RA patients.

Systematic review registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42024504911.
The use of text messages as an alternative invitation method for breast cancer screening: A randomized controlled trial (M-TICS study)
Authors: Vives Nuria , Vidal Carmen , de Guzman Ena Niño , Farre Albert , Panera Jon Aritz , Binefa Gemma , Garcia Montse ,   on behalf of the M-TICS research group
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine whether a text message is as good as a postal letter as an invitation method for previous screenees in a breast cancer screening program, considering a non-inferiority margin of -2 percent points on participation rate. A non-inferiority randomized control trial was conducted. Women in the intervention group (n = 5,362) were invited by text message, and women in the control group (n = 5,482) were invited by letter, which is the standard invitation procedure of the program. In both groups, the invitation included a fixed appointment for mammography and a text message reminder 96 hours before the appointment. The primary outcome was screening participation rate (completing mammography within 12 weeks of invitation). Secondary outcomes included mammography attendance to initial or rescheduled appointments and cancellation rate. The intention-to-treat analysis showed a participation rate of 87.3% and 86.6% in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The difference in participation rate was -0.7 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.8 to ∞), indicating non-inferiority of text messages compared to letter invitations. The per-protocol analysis showed similar results. Attendance at the initial appointment was higher in women who received the text message invitation compared to those in the control group (P<0.002). Women who received the invitation by letter canceled more the initial appointment scheduled compared to the text message group (21.1% and 15.1%, P<0.007). In conclusion, we found that a text message invitation for women who had previously participated in breast cancer screening was not inferior to the standard letter. This randomized controlled trial provides valuable insights into the use of alternative invitation methods for population-based cancer screening programs. However, further research is needed to determine the best timing and frequency of text messages for better outcomes and identify strategies for facilitating rescheduling or cancellation.
Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04343950, (04/09/2020).
Lifestyle risk behavior and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk: An analysis using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee Su Jung , Kim Pum-Jun , Kim Chulho , Lee Sang-Hwa , Sohn Jong-Hee , Lee Jae-Jun 
Published: August 2024

Background
Clustering lifestyle risk behaviors is important for predicting cardiovascular disease risk. However, it is unclear which behavior mediates other ones to influence cardiovascular disease risk. We aimed to assess the causal inference of each lifestyle risk behavior for the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk of the general population.

Methods
We performed a Bayesian network mediation analysis using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019. The main exposure was a combination of lifestyle risk behaviors including unhealthy weight, heavy alcohol consumption, inadequate sleep, physical inactivity, excessive sodium intake, and current smoking among subjects 40 to 79 years of age. The high risk of ASCVD (≥7.5% for the 10-year risk) was assessed using logistic regression, Bayesian networks, and structural equational models to examine the causal relationships between these six lifestyle risk behaviors.

Results
Among all participants, the most prevalent lifestyle risk behavior for those at high risk for ASCVD was excessive sodium intake (95.6%), followed by inadequate sleep (49.9%) and physical inactivity (43.8%). Older age (65–79 years) and male sex were directly associated with a high risk for ASCVD. Physical inactivity, current smoking, excessive sodium intake, and unhealthy weight indirectly mediated the effects of older age (8.2% of the older age) and male sex (39.9% of males) to high ASCVD risk. Physical inactivity, current smoking, excessive sodium intake, and unhealthy weight particularly mediated the high ASCVD risk sequentially. Heavy alcohol consumption and inadequate sleep were not directly associated with high ASCVD risk and did not indirectly mediate the effects of older age and males on the high ASCVD risk.

Conclusion
Lifestyle risk behaviors mediated the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in a different manner. Especially, physical inactivity preceded current smoking, excessive sodium intake, and unhealthy weight in relation to high ASCVD risk, and this causal relationship was different according to age and sex. Therefore, tailored strategies according to specific target populations may be needed to effectively reduce the high ASCVD risk.
Impact of bariatric surgery on premenopausal women’s womanliness: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Paul Rebecca , Andersson Ellen , Olbers Torsten , Frisk Jessica , Berterö Carina 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Obesity is associated with several co-morbidities in women, including disturbed sex hormone regulation with menstrual disturbances, subfertility, hirsutism, and central fat dispersion, all with an impact on sexual function and quality of life. There are few investigations regarding women’s experiences of obesity-related altered sex hormone regulation and resolution after bariatric surgery.

Objectives
This systematic review and interpretive meta-synthesis aim to identify the current qualitative knowledge base concerning women undergoing bariatric surgery and experiences of changes after weight loss, emphasising aspects of womanliness.

Methods
A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to gain a deeper and broader understanding of the available knowledge about premenopausal women’s experienced changes after bariatric surgery. Relevant papers were identified by systematically searching PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Open Grey. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and the data was interpreted and synthesised using Gadamer’s hermeneutics. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023394225).

Results
A total of 10 studies were considered relevant and included in the qualitative meta-synthesis. Three fusions were identified and interpreted as: “Womanliness,” “A healthy and functioning body,” and “Mind and Body Connection.” Women experienced a return to womanliness after undergoing bariatric surgery with restored menstruation cycles, improved fertility and changed hair and fat dispersion signalling restored sex hormones. Women value a return to a healthy and functioning body that improves their experience of life and ability to take part in it. However, women experienced difficulties in adapting mentally to the drastic physical changes that occur after undergoing surgery.

Conclusions
Women that have undergone bariatric surgery report several benefits to their health and well-being, although difficulties in adapting mentally to changes in outer appearance need to be managed in order to successfully move forward with a new life after surgery.
The landscape of spiritual health and spirituality in Canada: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Boutros Helana Marie , Mina Merna , Van Doorn-Harder Nelly , Harris Maurita T. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Currently, literature on spiritual health remains limited. Even more so, literature on spiritual health remains limited in Canada. This is exacerbated by the fact that spiritual health is a term that remains widely contested with no concrete definition. Meanwhile, the semantic connection between “religion” and “spirituality” remains ambiguous in the West and scholars hold different positions. In this paper, we outline our scoping review protocol to describe the current landscape of spiritual health and spirituality (in relation to health) research in Canada, including the meaning and understanding behind these two concepts.

Methods and analysis
This protocol for our scoping review is documented in accordance with the PRISMA-P reporting guidelines and adheres to Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology. We will conduct a search strategy across select electronic databases and review the reference lists of chosen papers. Two reviewers, HMB and MM, will independently and blindly screen all title/abstracts and full-text studies for eligibility. Any Canadian-situated studies that centrally mention and focus on “spirituality” or “spiritual health” will be included. Relevant variables will be extracted through an iterative process, with the data charting being continuously reviewed and refined. Findings from this scoping review will support the future of health research and conceptual expansion of health beyond the mental, physical and social. Approval from a research ethics board is not required, nor has it been obtained, as the data is derived from journal articles and academic publications.
Effect of denosumab on the incidence of fractures and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kobayashi Arisa , Yaginuma Tatsuhiro , Kato Kazuhiko , Nakashima Akio , Ohkido Ichiro , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: August 2024

Background
Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at an elevated risk of fractures; however, substantial evidence for osteoporosis treatment in this population is lacking. We explored the efficacy of denosumab, an anti-IgG2 antibody that targets the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, in reducing fracture incidence and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study—conducted from December 2013 to December 2022—evaluated the effects of denosumab on fracture incidence and all-cause mortality. Patients who initiated denosumab treatment during the study period were defined as the denosumab group, while those without a history of denosumab administration were defined as the non-denosumab group. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to assess survival and fracture/mortality risks, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze both fractures and all-cause mortality.

Results
Among 214 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 52 (24.3%) received denosumab. The median age was 73.0 ± 11.5 years, with 92 (43.0%) females, and the median dialysis duration was 59 months (interquartile range, 6–126). During the study, thirty-seven non-denosumab-treated patients had fractures compared to eight in the denosumab group. No significant differences were observed in the unadjusted model (HR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24–1.14). Adjusting for competing mortality and clinical factors, the HR remained at 0.64 (95% CI, 0.27–1.51). Regarding all-cause mortality, we found a statistically significant difference in the unadjusted model (HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.38–0.98]). A significant reduction in mortality was observed in the adjusted model (HR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.26–0.80]). Notably, the denosumab group showed a significant decrease in mortality, particularly in cardiovascular disease-related cases (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.14–0.78]).

Conclusions
Denosumab may reduce all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis, particularly in those with cardiovascular complications. This finding offers a promising direction for osteoporosis treatment in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
A cascade training protocol for schoolteachers on oral health: Investigating the influence of primary and secondary mentors
Authors: Paul Sarah , Chauhan Neha , Duggal Ritu , Purohit Bharati , Priya Harsh 
Published: August 2024

Background
Oral health holds paramount importance for overall well-being, particularly among school-aged children, where inadequate oral health can cause significant discomfort and impede educational performance. Despite its critical nature, oral health awareness and practices within Indian school communities remain suboptimal. There exists an urgent necessity for efficacious educational initiatives to bridge this gap and foster oral health awareness among both schoolteachers and students.

Protocol
This monitored training introduces a pioneering cascade model training initiative aimed at evaluating its impact on enhancing oral health knowledge among schoolteachers and students in Indian schools. A total of 100 school teachers from 50 Centre government schools will undergo training in two distinct sessions. Following this, two teachers from each school will be selected to further train 24 class monitors from grades 6–9, who will subsequently impart knowledge to approximately 40 students per class. This phase of the training will be ongoing, ensuring training consistency through online supervision and active participation of the expert team in training activities with newly designated master trainers. Pre- and post-training assessments will be conducted at each level to gauge the monitored training’s effectiveness. The entire training is projected to conclude within a year.

Discussion
This cascade model monitored training initiative represents a novel approach in promoting oral health awareness in Indian schools, marking a pioneering endeavor in this domain. Through this program, we aim to empower 1200 class monitors as master trainers and reach approximately 24,000 school students across 480 supervised training sessions. The establishment of master trainers through a cascade process, coupled with the engagement of the CDER expert team, ensures accurate dissemination of information at every stage. The comprehensive evaluation facilitated by pre- and post-training assessments at each level further enhances the program’s effectiveness, laying a solid foundation for future oral health initiatives within school communities.
Multifocal Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcers in a Patient With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Alphonsus Lotus , Zhang Qi , Jairath Vipul 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr Virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is a rare and new category of mature B-cell neoplasms commonly linked to immunosuppression. It often has a benign course and regresses spontaneously after discontinuation or dose reduction of immunosuppressive agents. We report the case of a 48-year-old woman on long-term azathioprine therapy for rectosigmoid Crohn's disease. In contrast to the prevalent sites typically associated with EBVMCU, such as the oral mucosa and skin, this patient was found to have locations in the gastrointestinal tract and upper neck. These areas tested positive for histopathology consistent with EBVMCU and were excised due to bowel perforation and concern for malignancy.