bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ethnicity on glycaemic index: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wolever T M S , Giddens J L , Sievenpiper J L 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Objectives:
Low glycaemic index (GI) foods are recommended to improve glycaemic control in diabetes; however, Health Canada considers that GI food labeling would be misleading and unhelpful, in part, because selected studies suggest that GI values are inaccurate due to an effect of ethnicity. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the GI of foods when measured in Caucasians versus non-Caucasians.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for relevant articles. GI differences were aggregated using the generic inverse variance method (random effects model) and expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Study quality was assessed based on how well studies complied with official international GI methodology.

Results:
Review of 1288 trials revealed eight eligible studies, including 28 comparisons of GI among 585 non-Caucasians and 971 Caucasians. Overall, there was borderline significant evidence of higher GI in non-Caucasians than Caucasians (MD, 3.3 (95% CI, −0.1, 6.8); P=0.06) with significant heterogeneity (I2, 46%; P=0.005). The GI of eight types of rice was higher in non-Caucasians than Caucasians (MD, 9.5 (95% CI, 3.7, 23.1); P=0.001), but there was no significant difference for the other 20 foods (MD, 1.0 (95% CI, −2.5, 4.6); P=0.57). MD was significantly greater in the four low-quality studies (nine comparisons) than the four high-quality studies (19 comparisons; 7.8 vs 0.7, P=0.047).

Conclusions:
With the possible exception of rice, existing evidence suggests that GI values do not differ when measured in Caucasians versus non-Caucasians. To confirm these findings high-quality studies using a wide range of foods are required.
NiO-Microflower Formed by Nanowire-weaving Nanosheets with Interconnected Ni-network Decoration as Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Ci Suqing , Wen Zhenhai , Qian Yuanyuan , Mao Shun , Cui Shumao , Chen Junhong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe propose a ‘weaving’ evolution mechanism, by systematically investigating the products obtained in controlled experiments, to demonstrate the formation of Ni-based ‘microflowers’ which consists of multiple characteristic dimensions, in which the three dimensional (3D) NiO ‘microflower’ is constructed by a two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet framework that is derived from weaving one-dimensional (1D) nanowires. We found such unique nanostructures are conducive for the generation of an electrically conductive Ni-network on the nanosheet surface after being exposed to a reducing atmosphere. Our study offers a promising strategy to address the intrinsic issue of poor electrical conductivity for NiO-based materials with significant enhancement of utilization of NiO active materials, leading to a remarkable improvement in the performance of the Ni-NiO microflower based supercapacitor. The optimized Ni-NiO microflower material showed a mass specific capacitance of 1,828 F g−1 and an energy density of 15.9 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. This research not only contributes to understanding the formation mechanism of such ‘microflower’ structures but also offers a promising route to advance NiO based supercapacitor given their ease of synthesis, low cost and long-term stability.
Numerical and experimental investigation of light trapping effect of nanostructured diatom frustules
Authors: Chen Xiangfan , Wang Chen , Baker Evan , Sun Cheng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent advances in nanophotonic light-trapping technologies offer promising solutions in developing high-efficiency thin-film solar cells. However, the cost-effective scalable manufacturing of those rationally designed nanophotonic structures remains a critical challenge. In contrast, diatoms, the most common type of phytoplankton found in nature, may offer a very attractive solution. Diatoms exhibit high solar energy harvesting efficiency due to their frustules (i.e., hard porous cell wall made of silica) possessing remarkable hierarchical micro-/nano-scaled features optimized for the photosynthetic process through millions of years of evolution. Here we report numerical and experimental studies to investigate the light-trapping characteristic of diatom frustule. Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are employed to investigate the light-trapping characteristics of the diatom frustules. In simulation, placing the diatom frustules on the surface of the light-absorption materials is found to strongly enhance the optical absorption over the visible spectrum. The absorption spectra are also measured experimentally and the results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
In-situ observation for growth of hierarchical metal-organic frameworks and their self-sequestering mechanism for gas storage
Authors: Hyo Park Jung , Min Choi Kyung , Joon Jeon Hyung , Jung Choi Yoon , Ku Kang Jeung 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough structures with the single functional constructions and micropores were demonstrated to capture many different molecules such as carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen with high capacities at low temperatures, their feeble interactions still limit practical applications at room temperature. Herein, we report in-situ growth observation of hierarchical pores in pomegranate metal-organic frameworks (pmg-MOFs) and their self-sequestering storage mechanism, not observed for pristine MOFs. Direct observation of hierarchical pores inside the pmg-MOF was evident by in-situ growth X-ray measurements while self-sequestering storage mechanism was revealed by in-situ gas sorption X-ray analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that meso/macropores are created at the early stage of crystal growth and then enclosed by micropore crystalline shells, where hierarchical pores are networking under self-sequestering mechanism to give enhanced gas storage. This pmg-MOF gives higher CO2 (39%) and CH4 (14%) storage capacity than pristine MOF at room temperature, in addition to fast kinetics with robust capacity retention during gas sorption cycles, thus giving the clue to control dynamic behaviors of gas adsorption.
Developmental and nutritional regulation of isoflavone secretion from soybean roots
Authors: Sugiyama Akifumi , Yamazaki Yumi , Yamashita Kazuaki , Takahashi Seiji , Nakayama Toru , Yazaki Kazufumi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Isoflavones play important roles in plant–microbe interactions in rhizospheres. Soybean roots secrete daidzein and genistein to attract rhizobia. Despite the importance of isoflavones in plant–microbe interactions, little is known about the developmental and nutritional regulation of isoflavone secretion from soybean roots. In this study, soybeans were grown in hydroponic culture, and isoflavone contents in tissues, isoflavone secretion from the roots, and the expression of isoflavone conjugates hydrolyzing beta-glucosidase (ICHG) were investigated. Isoflavone contents did not show strong growth-dependent changes, while secretion of daidzein from the roots dramatically changed, with higher secretion during vegetative stages. Coordinately, the expression of ICHG also peaked at vegetative stages. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in 8- and 15-fold increases in secretion of daidzein and genistein, respectively, with no induction of ICHG. Taken together, these results suggest that large amounts of isoflavones were secreted during vegetative stages via the hydrolysis of (malonyl)glucosides with ICHG.
Fucophlorethol C, a phlorotannin as a lipoxygenase inhibitor
Authors: Kurihara Hideyuki , Konno Remi , Takahashi Koretaro 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Fucophlorethol C, a phlorotannin, was isolated from the brown alga Colpomenia bullosa (Scyto-siphonaceae) as a novel lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor. It was obtained as a free form from natural origin for the first time. The compound inhibited a soybean LOX to the same extent as the known inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid.
Non-equilibrium Dynamics of an Optomechanical Dicke Model
Authors: Debnath Kamanasish , Bhattacherjee Aranya B. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Motivated by the experimental realization of Dicke model in optical cavities, we model an optomechanical system consisting of two-level BEC atoms with transverse pumping. We investigate the transition from normal and inverted state to the superradiant phase through a detailed study of the phase portraits of the system. The rich phase portraits generated by analytical arguments display two types of superradiant phases, regions of coexistence and some portion determining the persistent oscillations. We study the time evolution of the system from any phase and discuss the role of mirror frequency in reaching their attractors. Further, we add an external mechanical pump to the mirror which is capable of changing the mirror frequency through radiation pressure and study the impact of the pump on the phase portraits and the dynamics of the system. We find the external mirror frequency changing the phase portraits and even shifting the critical transition point, thereby predicting a system with controllable phase transition.
(2+1)-Dimensional Spatial Localized Modes in Cubic-Quintic Nonlinear Media with the

-Symmetric Potentials*
Authors: Chen Yi-Xiang , Xu Zhou-Xiang , Jiang Yun-Feng , Shi Jin , Xu Fang-Qian 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We obtain exact spatial localized mode solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with constant diffraction and cubic-quintic nonlinearity in

-symmetric potential, and study the linear stability of these solutions. Based on these results, we further derive exact spatial localized mode solutions in a cubic-quintic medium with harmonic and

-symmetric potentials. Moreover, the dynamical behaviors of spatial localized modes in the exponential diffraction decreasing waveguide and the periodic distributed amplification system are investigated.
On Calculations of Legendre Functions and Associated Legendre Functions of the First Kind of Complex Degree
Authors: Thylwe Karl-Erik , McCabe Patrick 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Formulas for calculating Legendre functions and associated Legendre functions of the first kind of complex degree using an Ermakov–Lewis invariant are presented. These formulas are straight-forward to implement numerically and are motivated by the lack of computational routines in standard university tools like those of MatLab and Maple. Angular waves propagating in opposite directions are also obtained. The results are particularly useful in complex angular momentum theories and nearside/farside analysis of spin-dependent angular scattering from central potentials.
Beyond power: Multivariate discovery, replication, and interpretation of pleiotropic loci using summary association statistics
Authors: Ning Zheng , Tsepilov Yakov A. , Sharapov Sodbo Zh. , Grishenko Alexander K. , Feng Xiao , Shirali Masoud , Joshi Peter K. , Wilson James F. , Pawitan Yudi , Haley Chris S. , Aulchenko Yurii S. , Shen Xia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe ever-growing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed widespread pleiotropy. To exploit this, various methods which consider variant association with multiple traits jointly have been developed. However, most effort has been put on improving discovery power: how to replicate and interpret these discovered pleiotropic loci using multivariate methods has yet to be discussed fully. Using only multiple publicly available single-trait GWAS summary statistics, we develop a fast and flexible multi-trait framework that contains modules for (i) multi-trait genetic discovery, (ii) replication of locus pleiotropic profile, and (iii) multi-trait conditional analysis. The procedure is able to handle any level of sample overlap. As an empirical example, we discovered and replicated 23 novel pleiotropic loci for human anthropometry and evaluated their pleiotropic effects on other traits. By applying conditional multivariate analysis on the 23 loci, we discovered and replicated two additional multi-trait associated SNPs. Our results provide empirical evidence that multi-trait analysis allows detection of additional, replicable, highly pleiotropic genetic associations without genotyping additional individuals. The methods are implemented in a free and open source R package MultiABEL.Author summaryBy analyzing large-scale genomic data, geneticists have revealed widespread pleiotropy, i.e. single genetic variation can affect a wide range of complex traits. Methods have been developed to discover such genetic variants. However, we still lack insights into the relevant genetic architecture - What more can we learn from knowing the effects of these genetic variants?Here, we develop a fast and flexible statistical analysis procedure that includes discovery, replication, and interpretation of pleiotropic effects. The whole analysis pipeline only requires established genetic association study results. We also provide the mathematical theory behind the pleiotropic genetic effects testing.Most importantly, we show how a replication study can be essential to reveal new biology rather than solely increasing sample size in current genomic studies. For instance, we show that, using our proposed replication strategy, we can detect the difference in genetic effects between studies of different geographical origins.We applied the method to the GIANT consortium anthropometric traits to discover new genetic associations, replicated in the UK Biobank, and provided important new insights into growth and obesity.Our pipeline is implemented in an open-source R package MultiABEL, sufficiently efficient that allows researchers to immediately apply on personal computers in minutes.
HTS-IBIS: fast and accurate inference of binding site motifs from HT-SELEX data
Authors: Orenstein Yaron , Shamir Ron 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTSummaryRecent technological advancements enable measuring the binding of a transcription factor to thousands of DNA sequences, in order to infer its binding preferences. High-throughput-SELEX measures protein-DNA binding by deep sequencing over several cycles of enrichment. We devised a new algorithm called HTS-IBIS for the inference task. HTS-IBIS corrects for technological biases, selects the cycle and k, and builds a motif starting from a consensus k-mer in that cycle. In large scale tests, HTS-IBIS outperformed the extant automatic algorithm for the motif finding task on bothin vitroandin vivobinding prediction.AvailabilityHTS-IBIS is available on acgt.cs.tau.ac.il/HTS-IBIS.Contactrshamir@tau.ac.il
A Constitutively Active Allele of Phytochrome B Maintains Circadian Robustness in the Absence of Light
Authors: Jones Matthew Alan , Hu Wei , Litthauer Suzanne , Lagarias J. Clark , Harmer Stacey Lynn 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The sensitivity of the circadian system to light allows entrainment of the clock, permitting coordination of plant metabolic function and flowering time across seasons. Light affects the circadian system via both photoreceptors, such as phytochromes and cryptochromes, and sugar production by photosynthesis. In the present study, we introduce a constitutively active version of phytochrome B-Y276H (YHB) into both wild-type and phytochrome null backgrounds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to distinguish the effects of photoreceptor signaling on clock function from those of photosynthesis. We find that the YHB mutation is sufficient to phenocopy red light input into the circadian mechanism and to sustain robust rhythms in steady-state mRNA levels even in plants grown without light or exogenous sugars. The pace of the clock is insensitive to light intensity in YHB plants, indicating that light input to the clock is constitutively activated by this allele. Mutation of YHB so that it is retained in the cytoplasm abrogates its effects on clock function, indicating that nuclear localization of phytochrome is necessary for its clock regulatory activity. We also demonstrate a role for phytochrome C as part of the red light sensing network that modulates phytochrome B signaling input into the circadian system. Our findings indicate that phytochrome signaling in the nucleus plays a critical role in sustaining robust clock function under red light, even in the absence of photosynthesis or exogenous sources of energy.
The long-term performance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Lan Sai , Yang Fan , Zhu Hong 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine Chinese firms’ long-term value creation derived from cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs).Design/methodology/approach– The authors collected a sample of 140 CBMAs conducted by Chinese firms listed in Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets between 1997 and 2010. Long-horizon event study methodology was used to test hypotheses.Findings– The authors find Chinese firms gain long-term value from CBMAs. In particular, the authors find that Chinese firms tend to gain more value from targets from developed countries, and Chinese state-owned firms are more capable of gaining value from CBMAs than Chinese private firms.Originality/value– Given Chinese firms are increasingly acquiring targets outside of China in recent years, it is still unclear about whether Chinese firms gain value from these very expensive cross-border deals. This is one of the first studies that address the question: What are the long-term performance outcomes of Chinese CBMAs in recent years?
KKCL: exploring growth opportunities
Authors: Kainth Jyoti , Kainth Gautam 
Published: July 2015

Subject area
Product Management, Marketing Strategy, Growth Strategies.

Study level/applicability
Bachelor of Business Studies, MBA, Executive MBA.

Case overview
The case documents the humble beginning of Kewal Kiran Clothing Limited (KKCL) in 1981 to its current position as a leading fashion apparel brand in India. However, competition from new national players, emergence of global players in India, private labels of retailers and dawn of Internet retailing has created significant growth challenges for the firm. Mr Jain, the Managing Director of KKCL, is contemplating the growth strategies for the firm and possible changes in the business model, as he is developing the 2014-2015 strategic plan for KKCL. This is imperative to reach the ambitious sales target of INR 10 billion by 2018-2019. The students are expected to assess the performance of KKCL on multiple quantitative and qualitative data points given in the case and exhibits. It encourages them to come up with possible growth strategies for the firm.

Expected learning outcomes
The case is expected to guide students in comprehending the multi-thronged challenges pertaining to fashion apparel industry; in Situational Analysis of the firm, which includes assessing internal and external factors; and in recommending the best possible growth strategy after due evaluation and deliberation using Ansoff's Matrix.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Accounts of self-gift giving: nature, context and emotions
Authors: Heath Teresa Pereira , Tynan Caroline , Ennew Christine 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a contextualized view of participants’ accounts of self-gift consumer behaviour (SGCB) throughout the consumption cycle, from the motivations to the emotions that follow.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses an interpretive approach, focused on participants’ constructions of meanings, using 99 critical incident technique interviews, which followed 16 in-depth interviews.

Findings
– This paper identifies the following self-gift motivations: To Reward Myself (and Others); To celebrate; To remember or get closer; To forget or part; To feel loved or cheered up; and To enjoy life. It also uncovers a compensatory/therapeutic dimension in most self-gifts. The authors identify changes in emotional responses to SGCB over time, and suggest a relationship between these emotions and the contexts that drive self-gifts. Self-gifts are conceptualized as pleasure-oriented, symbolic and special consumption experiences, which are self-directed, or both self- and others-directed; perceived by the consumer to be justified by the contexts in which they occur; and driven and followed by context-dependent emotions.

Originality/value
– This manuscript offers novel insights into participants’ uses of both SGCB and the act of labelling purchases “self-gifts”. It uncovers how consumers are concerned with accounting for indulgent spending and how this problematizes the concept of “self-gift”. It challenges the idea of a single context for SGCB, showing how interacting motivations explain it. It also introduces a temporal dimension to self-gift theory by considering emotional responses at different times. Finally, it offers a new conceptualization of and theoretical framework for SGCB.
Predictors of protean career and the moderating role of career strategies among professionals in Malaysian Electrical and Electronics (E
&
E) Industry
Authors: Wong Siew Chin , Mohd Rasdi Roziah 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of individually related variables and the moderating role of career strategies on protean career among professionals in Malaysian Electrical
&
Electronics (E
&
E) industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– Research data were gathered from a sample of 306 of professional employees in 18 E
&
E multinational corporations in Malaysia. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was employed to examine the influences of individually related factors and the moderating role of career strategies on protean career.

Findings
– The results demonstrate that individually related variables, namely, self-efficacy, outcome expectation, goal orientation and locus of control are viewed as potential predictors of protean career. There are significant moderating effects of career strategies on the relationship between goal orientation and protean career among professional employees.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper provide an empirical framework to explain protean career based on the review of career-related literatures.

Practical implications
– The findings provide implications to both individuals and human resource development (HRD) practitioners on new career trends of protean career. Practical interventions are suggested to assist individuals and organizations towards protean career development.

Social implications
– This paper supports individual protean career development.

Originality/value
– This paper offers new insight into the predicting factors of protean career and its moderating role on career strategies.