bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adoption of the Good Behaviour Game: An evidence-based intervention for the prevention of behaviour problems
Authors: Dijkman Marieke AM , Harting Janneke , van der Wal Marcel F 
Published: February 2014

Background and objective: The Good Behaviour Game (GBG) has been shown to be effective in preventing childhood disruptive behaviours and their long-term unfavourable health-related outcomes. Like many other evidence-based preventive health programmes, however, its current use in Dutch primary schools is limited, and knowledge of the factors influencing the adoption of the programme is scarce. This study aimed to provide a theory-based description of the GBG adoption process and to examine factors influencing this process in primary schools in Amsterdam. Design and methods: In this mixed-methods observational study, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with decision makers from schools that did ( n=11), and did not ( n=6), adopt the programme were supplemented with structured telephone interviews with non-adopters ( n=39). Based on Rogers’ Diffusion Theory, the qualitative data were analysed using a deductive approach. Results: Factors facilitating the adoption of the GBG were specific school needs and problems, formulated in educational rather than health terms, and the visibility of the programme’s positive effects. Factors impeding adoption were competing programmes in schools and being unaware of favourable funding opportunities. In contrast to previous studies, ‘time investment’ did not play an impeding role. Conclusion: Adoption of prevention programmes in schools may benefit from framing dissemination strategies in educational terms, and using self-assessment procedures to reveal specific needs/problems and to create a ‘readiness to change’. In addition, adoption may benefit from using active dissemination strategies, including opinion leaders reporting their positive experiences with the programme, and the termination of any ineffective programmes that schools currently use.
Diabetes education needs of Chinese Australians: A qualitative study
Authors: Choi Tammie ST , Walker Karen Z , Ralston Robin A , Palermo Claire 
Published: February 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a type 2 diabetes education programme for Chinese Australians, based on the experience of participants and by exploring the unique needs of Chinese patients, their health beliefs and their cultural behaviours. Design and setting: A qualitative ethnographic study was undertaken in a community health service setting in Southeast Melbourne, Australia. Method: Eight semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of past participants of a diabetes education programme for Chinese Australians. Data were thematically analysed, using both an ethnographic and a phenomenological lens. Results: Although participants appreciated the delivery of diabetes education in their own language, many expressed frustration and confusion when applying education messages to disease management. They described the barriers imposed by their collectivistic orientation, whereby Chinese people accept health recommendations unquestioningly, often living in misery with an excessively rigid management plan, and highlighted their lack of understanding of self-management. Patients also felt helpless in trying to mix Western and Eastern medical practices without adequate professional support. Conclusions: This qualitative study illustrates the complex and multifaceted challenges associated with diabetes management among Chinese Australians, and identifies many unique needs encountered by Chinese patients that were not addressed by the diabetes programme studied. There is an urgent need to identify optimal diabetes education models that will meet the needs of Chinese Australians.
A Single-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging Trial of Oral Hepatic-directed Vesicle Insulin Add-on to Oral Antidiabetic Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Geho W. Blair , Rosenberg Len N. , Schwartz Sherwyn L. , Lau John R. , Gana Theophilus J. 
Published: February 2014

Background: The dose response of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) to add-on, premeal oral hepatic-directed vesicle-insulin (HDV-I), an investigational lipid bio-nanoparticle hepatocyte-targeted insulin delivery system, was evaluated in a 3-test-meal/day model in type 2 diabetes patients. Method: The single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating trial enrolled 6 patients with HbA1c 8.6 ± 2.0% (70.0 ± 21.9 mmol/mol) and on stable metformin therapy. Patients received oral HDV-I capsules daily 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner as follows: placebo capsules, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 U/kg on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Outcome measures were PPG and incremental PPG area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Results: All 4 doses of oral HDV-I statistically significantly lowered mean PPG ( P ≤ .0110 each) and incremental PPG ( P ≤ .0352 each) AUC compared to placebo. A linear dose response was not observed. The 0.05 U/kg dose was the minimum effective dose in the dosage range studied. Three adverse events unrelated to treatment were observed. Conclusions: Add-on oral HDV-I 0.05-0.4 U/kg significantly lowered PPG excursions and the dose response curve was flat. These results are consistent with the lack of a linear dose response between portal and systemic plasma insulin concentrations in previous animal and human studies. Oral HDV-I was safe and well tolerated.
Statistical Transformation and the Interpretation of Inpatient Glucose Control Data From the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Saulnier George E. , Castro Janna C. , Cook Curtiss B. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Glucose control can be problematic in critically ill patients. We evaluated the impact of statistical transformation on interpretation of intensive care unit inpatient glucose control data. Methods: Point-of-care blood glucose (POC-BG) data derived from patients in the intensive care unit for 2011 was obtained. Box–Cox transformation of POC-BG measurements was performed, and distribution of data was determined before and after transformation. Different data subsets were used to establish statistical upper and lower control limits. Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts constructed from April, October, and November data determined whether out-of-control events could be identified differently in transformed versus nontransformed data. Results: A total of 8679 POC-BG values were analyzed. POC-BG distributions in nontransformed data were skewed but approached normality after transformation. EWMA control charts revealed differences in projected detection of out-of-control events. In April, an out-of-control process resulting in the lower control limit being exceeded was identified at sample 116 in nontransformed data but not in transformed data. October transformed data detected an out-of-control process exceeding the upper control limit at sample 27 that was not detected in nontransformed data. Nontransformed November results remained in control, but transformation identified an out-of-control event less than 10 samples into the observation period. Conclusions: Using statistical methods to assess population-based glucose control in the intensive care unit could alter conclusions about the effectiveness of care processes for managing hyperglycemia. Further study is required to determine whether transformed versus nontransformed data change clinical decisions about the interpretation of care or intervention results.
Immunotoxins for leukemia
Authors: Wayne Alan S. , FitzGerald David J. , Kreitman Robert J. , Pastan Ira 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUnconjugated monoclonal antibodies that target hematopoietic differentiation antigens have been developed to treat hematologic malignancies. Although some of these have activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia, in general, monoclonal antibodies have limited efficacy as single agents in the treatment of leukemia. To increase their potency, the binding domains of monoclonal antibodies can be attached to protein toxins. Such compounds, termed immunotoxins, are delivered to the interior of leukemia cells based on antibody specificity for cell surface target antigens. Recombinant immunotoxins have been shown to be highly cytotoxic to leukemic blasts in vitro, in xenograft model systems, and in early-phase clinical trials in humans. These agents will likely play an increasing role in the treatment of leukemia.
Evidence for non-neutralizing autoantibodies against IL-10 signalling components in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Frede Natalie , Glocker Erik-Oliver , Wanders Jennifer , Engelhardt Karin R , Kreisel Wolfgang , Ruemmele Frank M , Grimbacher Bodo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease constitutes a heterogeneous group of conditions, whose aetiology is only partly understood. The prevailing hypothesis on its pathogenesis is that IBD is the result of an inadequate immune response to the resident bacterial flora of the intestine. An autoimmune background, however, has been discussed since the 1950s. Lately, it has been shown that failures in interleukin-10 (IL-10) signalling due to IL-10- and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) mutations result in IBD. Our study aimed at investigating the existence of inhibitory autoantibodies against IL-10 and IL-10R in IBD patients capable of down-modulating IL-10 signalling thereby mimicking IL-10 or IL-10R deficiency.ResultsThirteen IBD patients had IgG autoantibodies against IL-10, IL-10RA and/or IL-10RB, and three patients had IgA autoantibodies against IL-10. However, the absolute OD values of the serum antibodies measured by ELISA were low, there was overall no significant difference between patients and controls, and positive sera had no neutralizing activity.ConclusionNo evidence for an involvement of autoantibodies against IL-10 or IL-10R in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease could be established.
The influence of the direction of J-tip on the placement of a subclavian catheter: real time ultrasound-guided cannulation versus landmark method, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oh Ah-Young , Jeon Young-Tae , Choi Eun-Joo , Ryu Jung-Hee , Hwang Jung-Won , Park Hee-Pyoung , Do Sang-Hwan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
It has been reported that the direction of the guidewire J-tip is associated with misplacement of a central venous catheter. We hypothesized that real-time ultrasound-guided infraclavicular subclavian venous cannulation would be less influenced by the direction of guidewire J-tip compared to landmark method.

Methods
Sixty adult patients who required subclavian venous catheterization for neurosurgery were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study. Patients were randomly divided into a landmark group (n = 30) or an ultrasound group (n = 30). After the subclavian vein was punctured, the guidewire was advanced with the guidewire J-tip directed cephalad. Misplacement or advancement failure of the guidewire was regarded as an unsuccessful placement. Postoperative chest radiography was performed to confirm pneumothorax and the location of the catheter tip.

Results
The two groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, height, and weight distribution. The incidence of unsuccessful guidewire placement was lower in the ultrasound group than in the landmark group (13% vs. 47%, P = 0.01). Among the unsuccessful guidewire placements, the incidence of misplacement were comparable between the groups and were all located in the ipsilateral internal jugular vein (7% vs. 7%). However, the incidence of advancement failure was significantly higher in landmark group (40% vs. 7%, P = 0.005). There were no complications such as pneumothorax or hemothorax.

Conclusions
The proper placement of guidewire was less influenced by the direction of the guidewire J-tip with ultrasound-guided subclavian venous cannulation than with the landmark approach.
Fermented soshiho-tang with Lactobacillus plantarum enhances the antiproliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cell
Authors: Lee Jung-Jin , Kwon Hyeeun , Lee Ji-Hye , Kim Dong-Gun , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Ma Jin Yeul 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Soshiho-tang (SST) is a traditional medicine widely used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis. SST has been shown to confer a variety of pharmacological activities, including prevention of hepatotoxicity, promotion of liver regeneration, and modulation of liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of native and fermented (FSST) formulations of SST in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and examined the potential underlying mechanisms driving these effects.

Methods
SST, along with preparations fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum KFRI-144 (S-A144), L. amylophilus KFRI-161 (S-A161) and L. bulgaricus KFRI-344 (S-A344), were investigated to determine their effects on the proliferation and viability of VSMCs, along with the signalling pathways underlying these effects.

Results
S-A144 exhibited a strong, dose-dependent inhibition of VSMC proliferation relative to untreated controls, but the others did not affect. In addition, S-A144 significantly decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and PLCγ1 in a dose-dependent manner and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase characterised by decreased expression of CDKs, cyclins and PCNA.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that S-A144 exhibit enhanced inhibition of PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation comparison to S-AOR through the suppression of cell cycle progression and expression of cell cycle-related proteins, along with the downregulation of Akt phosphorylation.
Iterative projection approach for phase retrieval of semi-sparse wave field
Authors: Fan Rong , Wan Qun , Wen Fei , Chen Hui , Liu Yipeng 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In the paper, we consider the problem of two-dimensional (2D) phase retrieval, which recovers a 2D complex-valued wave field from magnitudes of both wave field and its Fourier transform. Due to the absence of the phase measurements, prior information on wave field is needed in order to recover phase, which is feasible when the phases of the wave field are sparse. In this paper, we improve the phase retrieval accuracy by incorporating phase sparse constraint of wave field. As a sequel to previous iterative projection approaches, iterative projection approaches with phase sparse constraint are realized based on ‘soft thresholding’. It has superior performances in terms of convergence, residual error, noise stability, and suitability in large-scale phase retrieval problems. Numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing iterative projection approaches.
Sex differences in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis: neuropathic pain behavior in females but not males and protection from neurological deficits during proestrus
Authors: Rahn Elizabeth J , Iannitti Tommaso , Donahue Renee R , Taylor Bradley K 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in the industrialized world. This disease afflicts more than two million people worldwide, over two thirds of which are women. MS is typically diagnosed between the ages of 20–40 and can produce debilitating neurological impairments including muscle spasticity, muscle paralysis, and chronic pain. Despite the large sex disparity in MS prevalence, clinical and basic research investigations of how sex and estrous cycle impact development, duration, and severity of neurological impairments and pain symptoms are limited. To help address these questions, we evaluated behavioral signs of sensory and motor functions in one of the most widely characterized animal models of MS, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model.

Methods
C57BL/6 male and female mice received flank injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or CFA plus myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) to induce EAE. Experiment 1 evaluated sex differences of EAE-induced neurological motor deficits and neuropathic pain-like behavior over 3 weeks, while experiment 2 evaluated the effect of estrous phase in female mice on the same behavioral measures for 3 months. EAE-induced neurological motor deficits including gait analysis and forelimb grip strength were assessed. Neuropathic pain-like behaviors evaluated included sensitivity to mechanical, cold, and heat stimulations. Estrous cycle was determined daily via vaginal lavage.

Results
MOG35-55-induced EAE produced neurological impairments (i.e., motor dysfunction) including mild paralysis and decreases in grip strength in both females and males. MOG35-55 produced behavioral signs of neuropathic pain—mechanical and cold hypersensitivity—in females, but not males. MOG35-55 did not change cutaneous heat sensitivity in either sex. Administration of CFA or CFA + MOG35-55 prolonged the time spent in diestrus for 2 weeks, after which normal cycling returned. MOG35-55 produced fewer neurological motor deficits when mice were in proestrus relative to non-proestrus phases.

Conclusions
We conclude that female mice are superior to males for the study of neuropathic pain-like behaviors associated with MOG35-55-induced EAE. Further, proestrus may be protective against EAE-induced neurological deficits, thus necessitating further investigation into the impact that estrous cycle exerts on MS symptoms.
Harvard Personal Genome Project: lessons from participatory public research
Authors: Ball Madeleine P , Bobe Jason R , Chou Michael F , Clegg Tom , Estep Preston W , Lunshof Jeantine E , Vandewege Ward , Zaranek Alexander Wait , Church George M 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
Since its initiation in 2005, the Harvard Personal Genome Project has enrolled thousands of volunteers interested in publicly sharing their genome, health and trait data. Because these data are highly identifiable, we use an ‘open consent’ framework that purposefully excludes promises about privacy and requires participants to demonstrate comprehension prior to enrollment.

Discussion
Our model of non-anonymous, public genomes has led us to a highly participatory model of researcher-participant communication and interaction. The participants, who are highly committed volunteers, self-pursue and donate research-relevant datasets, and are actively engaged in conversations with both our staff and other Personal Genome Project participants. We have quantitatively assessed these communications and donations, and report our experiences with returning research-grade whole genome data to participants. We also observe some of the community growth and discussion that has occurred related to our project.

Summary
We find that public non-anonymous data is valuable and leads to a participatory research model, which we encourage others to consider. The implementation of this model is greatly facilitated by web-based tools and methods and participant education. Project results are long-term proactive participant involvement and the growth of a community that benefits both researchers and participants.
The development of giant phagocytes in long-term neutrophil cultures
Authors: Dyugovskaya Larissa , Berger Slava , Polyakov Andrey , Lavie Lena 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that in long-term culture conditions, some neutrophils remain viable and participate in debris clearance, and autophagy is involved in their prolonged survival. Neutrophils, classified as professional phagocytes, have the shortest half-life among leukocytes and are constitutively committed to apoptosis. Apoptotic neutrophils are actively removed by Mφ/DCs. However, early and acute inflammatory infiltrates primarily consist of neutrophils. Recently, neutrophils were suggested to facilitate debris clearance at inflammatory sites when the Mφ/DC system is insufficient. Here, purified CD15+/CD66b+/CD63+ neutrophils were followed up to 7 days in culture using light, time-lapse, and confocal microscopy. After 3 days in culture, Annexin-V−/LC3B+ large vacuolated cells, engulfing cellular residues, were noted among apoptotic neutrophils and cell debris. Thereafter, these cells were vastly enlarged and exhibited a neutrophilic phenotype (CD15+/CD63+/MPO+/CD66b+), phagocytosis, and oxidative burst activity. They also expressed CD68 scavenger receptors and internalized oxLDL. But, unlike in fresh neutrophils or cultured monocytes, oxLDL treatment increased their ROS production. Additionally, these phagocytes contained LC3B-coated vacuoles and LC3B aggregates, indicating the activation of autophagy. An intensive LC3B accumulation was also noted during oxLDL internalization. Importantly, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA or BafA1 prevented their development. In conclusion, the internalization of neutrophil remnants may induce activation of autophagic mechanisms in some neutrophil subsets or precursors. This may lead to cell adaptation and survival, resulting in their transformation into long-lived Gφ and potentially suggesting their involvement in inflammatory/anti-inflammatory processes.
Combined effects of physical illness and comorbid psychiatric disorder on risk of suicide in a national population study
Authors: Qin Ping , Hawton Keith , Mortensen Preben Bo , Webb Roger 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundPeople with physical illness often have psychiatric disorder and this comorbidity may have a specific influence on their risk of suicide.AimsTo examine how physical illness and psychiatric comorbidity interact to influence risk of suicide, with particular focus on relative timing of onset of the two types of illness.MethodBased on the national population of Denmark, individual-level data were retrieved from five national registers on 27 262 suicide cases and 468 007 gender- and birth-date matched living controls. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsBoth suicides and controls with physical illness more often had comorbid psychiatric disorder than their physically healthy counterparts. Although both physical and psychiatric illnesses constituted significant risk factors for suicide, their relative timing of onset in individuals with comorbidity significantly differentiated the associated risk of suicide. While suicide risk was highly elevated when onsets of both physical and psychiatric illness occurred close in time to each other, regardless which came first, psychiatric comorbidity developed some time after onset of physical illness exacerbated the risk of suicide substantially.ConclusionsSuicide risk in physically ill people varies substantially by presence of psychiatric comorbidity, particularly the relative timing of onset of the two types of illness. Closer collaboration between general and mental health services should be an essential component of suicide prevention strategies.
Classes of phosphoinositide 3-kinases at a glance
Authors: Jean Steve , Kiger Amy A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family is important to nearly all aspects of cell and tissue biology and central to human cancer, diabetes and aging. PI3Ks are spatially regulated and multifunctional, and together, act at nearly all membranes in the cell to regulate a wide range of signaling, membrane trafficking and metabolic processes. There is a broadening recognition of the importance of distinct roles for each of the three different PI3K classes (I, II and III), as well as for the different isoforms within each class. Ongoing issues include the need for a better understanding of the in vivo complexity of PI3K regulation and cellular functions. This Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster summarize the biochemical activities, cellular roles and functional requirements for the three classes of PI3Ks. In doing so, we aim to provide an overview of the parallels, the key differences and crucial interplays between the regulation and roles of the three PI3K classes.