bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric morphometric analysis of craniofacial variation, ontogeny and modularity in a cross‐sectional sample of modern humans
Authors: Wellens H. L. L. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman A. M. , Halazonetis D. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis investigation aimed to quantify craniofacial variation in a sample of modern humans. In all, 187 consecutive orthodontic patients were collected, of which 79 were male (mean age 13.3, SD 3.7, range 7.5–40.8) and 99 were female (mean age 12.3, SD 1.9, range 8.7–19.1). The male and female subgroups were tested for differences in mean shapes and ontogenetic trajectories, and shape variability was characterized using principal component analysis. The hypothesis of modularity was tested for six different modularity scenarios. The results showed that there were subtle but significant differences in the male and female Procrustes mean shapes. Males were significantly larger. Mild sexual ontogenetic allometric divergence was noted. Principal component analysis indicated that, of the four retained biologically interpretable components, the two most important sources of variability were (i) vertical shape variation (i.e. dolichofacial vs. brachyfacial growth patterns) and (ii) sagittal relationships (maxillary prognatism vs. mandibular retrognathism, and vice versa). The mandible and maxilla were found to constitute one module, independent of the skull base. Additionally, we were able to confirm the presence of an anterior and posterior craniofacial columnar module, separated by the pterygomaxillary plane, as proposed by Enlow. These modules can be further subdivided into four sub‐modules, involving the posterior skull base, the ethmomaxillary complex, a pharyngeal module, and the anterior part of the jaws.
Prospects and limits of the flow cytometric seed screen – insights from Potentilla sensu lato (Potentilleae, Rosaceae)
Authors: Dobeš Christoph , Lückl Andrea , Hülber Karl , Paule Juraj 
Published: February 2013

Summary

The flow cytometric seed screen allows for identification of reproductive modes of seed formation and inference of the ploidy of contributing gametes. However, the lack of a mathematical formalization to infer male/female genomic contributions, and the prerequisite of a binucleate female contribution to the endosperm limits its applicability.

We evaluated this assumption combining a DNA‐based progeny survey with a comparison of the cytology of reproductive pathways co‐occurring within single individuals representing 14 Potentilleae species from six phylogenetic lineages.

A numerical framework valid for sexual and pseudogamous taxa was developed, enabling quantification of female and male genomes contributing to embryo and endosperm independent of gametophyte origins, numbers of sperm involved and ploidy of parents. The inference strongly depended on accurate peak index estimation. The endosperm of Potentilleae species received a binucleate female contribution in five evolutionary lineages whereas endosperm formation remained uncertain in the Tormentillae. A modified flow cytometric seed screen protocol was developed to cope with low endosperm contents.

Evolutionary conservation of a binucleate female contribution to the endosperm suggested wide applicability of flow cytometric seed screen – at least in the Potentilleae. However, alternative progeny surveys and precise embryo/endosperm ploidy estimates are required for a comprehensive understanding of the cytology of seed formation.
Absences and Late Preemption
Authors: Deery OisÍn 
Published: February 2013

AbstractI focus on token, deterministic causal claims as they feature in causal explanations. Adequately handling absences is difficult for most causal theories, including theories of causal explanation. Yet so is adequately handling cases of late preemption. The best account of absence‐causal claims as they appear in causal explanations is JonathanSchaffer's quaternary, contrastive account. YetSchaffer's account cannot handle preemption. The account that best handles late preemption is James Woodward's interventionist account. YetWoodward's account is inadequate when it comes to absences. I propose an account that handlesbothabsencesandpreemption by transposing Schaffer's account into an interventionist framework.
Multicenter Comparison of Serum and Whole-Blood Specimens for Detection of Aspergillus DNA in High-Risk Hematological Patients
Authors: Springer Jan , Morton C. O. , Perry Michael , Heinz Werner J. , Paholcsek Melinda , Alzheimer Mona , Rogers T. R. , Barnes Rosemary A. , Einsele Hermann , Loeffler Juergen , White P. Lewis 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Samples from patients at high risk for invasive aspergillosis (IA) were prospectively collected and analyzed for the presence of molecular markers of fungal infection. Serum specimens were screened for galactomannan and
Aspergillus
DNA, and whole-blood specimens were screened only for
Aspergillus
DNA. Fungal infections were categorized according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria. Forty-seven cases (proven and probable IA) and 31 controls (no evidence of IA) were selected retrospectively for this case-control study, comprising 803 samples, in order to determine the performance of whole-blood PCR, serum PCR, and serum galactomannan testing. Although no single assay was able to detect every case of IA, a combination of different assays provided the best performance. There was no significant difference between the use of whole-blood and serum specimens for PCR-based diagnosis of IA, but there was a trend for whole blood to be more sensitive (85% versus 79%) and to yield an earlier positive result (36 days versus 15 days) than for serum. However, DNA extraction from serum specimens is easier and faster than that from whole-blood specimens, and it allows the same specimen to be used for both galactomannan and PCR assays. In conclusion, the appropriate sample type for DNA extraction should be determined by the local requirements and the technical platforms available at each individual center. A combination of biomarker tests offered the best diagnostic utility for detecting IA.
Do wealth disparities contribute to health disparities within racial/ethnic groups?
Authors: Pollack Craig Evan , Cubbin Catherine , Sania Ayesha , Hayward Mark , Vallone Donna , Flaherty Brian , Braveman Paula A 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThough wide disparities in wealth have been documented across racial/ethnic groups, it is largely unknown whether differences in wealth are associated with health disparities within racial/ethnic groups.MethodsData from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2004, ages 25–64) and the Health and Retirement Survey (2004, ages 50+), containing a wide range of assets and debts variables, were used to calculate net worth (a standard measure of wealth). Among non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations, we tested whether wealth was associated with self-reported poor/fair health status after accounting for income and education.ResultsExcept among the younger Hispanic population, net worth was significantly associated with poor/fair health status within each racial/ethnic group in both data sets. Adding net worth attenuated the association between education and poor/fair health (in all racial/ethnic groups) and between income and poor/fair health (except among older Hispanics).ConclusionsThe results add to the literature indicating the importance of including measures of wealth in health research for what they may reveal about disparities not only between but also within different racial/ethnic groups.
Predicting Surgical Intervention for Airway Obstruction in Micrognathic Infants
Authors: Handley Sara C. , Mader Nicholas S. , Sidman James D. , Scott Andrew R. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo determine which factors present in the neonatal period may predict subsequent need for surgical intervention in infants with micrognathia.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTwo, urban, tertiary pediatric hospitals.Subjects and MethodsThe otolaryngology databases from 2 institutions were queried for the diagnosis of micrognathia over a 10‐year period, and 123 infants were identified (101 with Pierre Robin sequence and 21 with micrognathia without cleft palate). The presence or absence of surgical airway intervention during the first year of life was noted, as were associated diagnoses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for requiring a definitive airway intervention.ResultsForty‐eight (39%) micrognathic children required definitive airway intervention during infancy in this series. These interventions came in the form of either tracheostomy (12 patients), mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO; 33 patients) or prolonged intubation prior to death (3 patients). Factors associated with a need for intervention included a history of intubation or tracheotomy in the first 24 hours of life (odds ratio [OR], 8.22; confidence interval [CI], 3.14‐21.53), a history of intrauterine growth restriction (OR, 4.10; CI, 1.00‐16.70), prematurity (<37 weeks of gestational age; OR, 2.38; CI, 1.02‐5.56), and neurologic impairment (OR, 3.83; CI, 1.33‐11.07). Those with isolated micrognathia without cleft palate were less likely to require intervention (OR, 0.20; CI, 0.05‐0.71).ConclusionsWhile it is understood that the need for MDO or tracheostomy should be determined on a case‐by‐case basis, this study identifies a number of factors that may predict which neonates with micrognathia are at increased risk for meriting early surgical intervention for respiratory and feeding problems.
Abnormal Frontal Plane Knee Mechanics During Sidestep Cutting in Female Soccer Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Return to Sport
Authors: Stearns Kristen M. , Pollard Christine D. 
Published: February 2013

Background: Athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have a high risk of reinjury upon the return to sports participation. While the mechanisms behind this increased risk of reinjury are unknown, it has been suggested that altered knee biomechanics during sports-specific activities may be a contributing factor. Purpose/Hypothesis: To compare frontal plane knee joint angles and moments during a sidestep cutting maneuver in female soccer athletes who have undergone ACLR with those in athletes with no history of knee injury. It was hypothesized that athletes with a history of ACLR would exhibit increased knee abduction angles and knee adductor moments compared with those with no history of injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve female soccer players with a history of ACLR served as the experimental group, and 12 female soccer players with no history of knee injury constituted the control group. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground-reaction forces were collected while each participant performed a sidestep cutting maneuver. Variables of interest included the knee abduction angle and knee adductor moment during the early deceleration phase of the cutting maneuver. Independent-samples t tests were used to evaluate differences between groups ( P ≤ .05). Results: Participants in the ACLR group exhibited increased average knee abduction angles (ACLR: 3.8° vs control: 1.8°; P = .03) and peak knee adductor moments (ACLR: 1.33 N·m/kg vs control: 0.80 N·m/kg; P = .004) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Female soccer players who have undergone ACLR and returned to sports participation exhibited increased knee abduction angles and knee adductor moments during the early deceleration phase of cutting compared with their healthy counterparts with no history of knee injury. Clinical Relevance: Even though athletes are able to return to sport after ACLR, they are at an increased risk for reinjury. It may be the case that the increased frontal plane knee angles and moments exhibited by these athletes after ACLR could be contributing to this risk for reinjury. Therefore, it is important that rehabilitation programs after ACLR include the restoration of frontal plane knee mechanics.
Factors associated with hospitalization of adult psychiatric patients: cluster analysis
Authors: Chai Yun Kern , Wheeler Zuzana , Herbison Peter , Gale Chris , Glue Paul 
Published: February 2013

Objective: Factors associated with acute admission to inpatient psychiatric wards have been difficult to replicate, possibly reflecting methodological limitations of analyzing individual variables. The objective of this analysis was to identify factors associated with hospitalization at an inpatient psychiatric unit using cluster analytic methods. Methods: Demographic, admission and treatment data for all admissions to a single inpatient unit in 2010 were collected retrospectively. Cluster analysis was performed using Ward’s method. Results: The initial clustering identified a high suicidality/crisis group, which then gave two further subclusters, an internalizing one characterized by affective symptoms and an externalizing one characterized by intoxication at admission, and a population with poor medication compliance that included most cases of psychosis. These subclusters had different clinical and demographic characteristics, different rates of hospital readmission and different durations of stay. Conclusions: Cluster analysis may be a useful exploratory technique to assist in planning and developing services for adult patients needing admission to a psychiatric hospital.
Small cell ovarian carcinoma: genomic stability and responsiveness to therapeutics
Authors: Gamwell Lisa F , Gambaro Karen , Merziotis Maria , Crane Colleen , Arcand Suzanna L , Bourada Valerie , Davis Christopher , Squire Jeremy A , Huntsman David G , Tonin Patricia N , Vanderhyden Barbara C 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
The biology of small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), which is a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer, is poorly understood. Tumourigenicity, in vitro growth characteristics, genetic and genomic anomalies, and sensitivity to standard and novel chemotherapeutic treatments were investigated in the unique SCCOHT cell line, BIN-67, to provide further insight in the biology of this rare type of ovarian cancer.

Method
The tumourigenic potential of BIN-67 cells was determined and the tumours formed in a xenograft model was compared to human SCCOHT. DNA sequencing, spectral karyotyping and high density SNP array analysis was performed. The sensitivity of the BIN-67 cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents and to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and the JX-594 vaccinia virus was tested.

Results
BIN-67 cells were capable of forming spheroids in hanging drop cultures. When xenografted into immunodeficient mice, BIN-67 cells developed into tumours that reflected the hypercalcemia and histology of human SCCOHT, notably intense expression of WT-1 and vimentin, and lack of expression of inhibin. Somatic mutations in TP53 and the most common activating mutations in KRAS and BRAF were not found in BIN-67 cells by DNA sequencing. Spectral karyotyping revealed a largely normal diploid karyotype (in greater than 95% of cells) with a visibly shorter chromosome 20 contig. High density SNP array analysis also revealed few genomic anomalies in BIN-67 cells, which included loss of heterozygosity of an estimated 16.7 Mb interval on chromosome 20. SNP array analyses of four SCCOHT samples also indicated a low frequency of genomic anomalies in the majority of cases. Although resistant to platinum chemotherapeutic drugs, BIN-67 cell viability in vitro was reduced by >75% after infection with oncolytic viruses.

Conclusions
These results show that SCCOHT differs from high-grade serous carcinomas by exhibiting few chromosomal anomalies and lacking TP53 mutations. Although BIN-67 cells are resistant to standard chemotherapeutic agents, their sensitivity to oncolytic viruses suggests that their therapeutic use in SCCOHT should be considered.
Tip induced fluorescence quenching for nanometer optical and topographical resolution
Authors: Schulz Olaf , Zhao Zhao , Ward Alex , Koenig Marcelle , Koberling Felix , Liu Yan , Enderlein Jörg , Yan Hao , Ros Robert 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Progress in nanosciences and life sciences is closely related to developments of high resolution imaging techniques. We introduce a technique which produces correlated topography and fluorescence lifetime images with nanometer resolution. Spot sizes below 5 nm are achieved by quenching of the fluorescence with silicon probes of an atomic force microscope which is combined and synchronized with a confocal fluorescence lifetime microscope. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability to locate and resolve the position of two fluorescent molecules separated by 20.7 nm on a DNA origami triangle with 120 nm side length by correlating topography and fluorescence data. With this method, we anticipate applications in nano- and life sciences, such as the determination of the structure of macromolecular assemblies on surfaces, molecular interactions, as well as the structure and function of nanomaterials.
Nfil3 Is a Glucocorticoid-Regulated Gene Required for Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Male Murine T Cells
Authors: Carey Kirstyn T. , Tan Kheng H. , Ng Judy , Liddicoat Douglas R. , Godfrey Dale I. , Cole Timothy J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) have essential roles in the regulation of development, integrated metabolism, and immune and neurological responses, and act primarily via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In most cells, GC treatment results in down-regulation of GR mRNA and protein levels via negative feedback mechanisms. However, in GC-treated thymocytes, GR protein levels are maintained at a high level, increasing sensitivity of thymocytes to GCs, resulting in apoptosis termed glucocorticoid-induced cell death (GICD). CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes and thymic natural killer T cells in particular are highly sensitive to GICD. Although GICD is exploited via the use of synthetic GC analogues in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies, the intracellular molecular pathway of GICD is not well understood. To explore GICD in thymocytes, the authors performed whole genome expression microarray analysis in mouse GR exon 2 null vs wild-type thymus RNA 3 hours after dexamethasone treatment. Identified and validated direct GR targets included P21 and Bim, in addition to an important transcriptional regulator Nfil3, which previously has been associated with GICD and is essential for natural killer cell development in vivo. Immunostaining of NFIL3 in whole thymus localized NFIL3 primarily to the medullary region, and double labeling colocalized NFIL3 to apoptotic cells. In silico analysis revealed a putative GC response element 5 kb upstream of the Nfil3 promoter that is strongly conserved in the rat genome and was confirmed to bind GR by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The knockdown of Nfil3 mRNA levels to 20% of normal using specific small interfering RNAs abrogated GICD, indicating that NFIL3 is required for normal GICD in CTLL-2 T cells.
Smoking During Pregnancy and Smoking Cessation Services
Authors: Bauld Linda 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe 2008 UK National Smoking Cessation Conference (UKNSSC) included a number of oral and poster presentations on the theme of smoking during pregnancy. This is a challenging area of research and practice and one in which new evidence — both about the effects of smoking in pregnancy and about smoking cessation interventions — is regularly emerging. Papers at UKNSCC explored why few women access support to stop (Felix Naughton), how best to refer women to specialist services (Joan Braithwaite), social marketing approaches (Deborah Richardson and Wendy Dudley) and physical activity for smoking cessation during pregnancy (Michael Ussher). The conference opened with a plenary presentation that explored the extent of smoking during pregnancy and women's accounts of quit attempts, cessation and relapse. It also examined what more could be done to improve access to stop smoking services for pregnant women and increase the proportion of women who quit. This article reviews some of the evidence presented at UKNSSC, focusing in particular on the need for improved identification, referral, engagement and treatment of pregnant smokers.
Virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound as a diagnostic alternative for morphological characterization of carotid plaque: comparison with histology and high-resolution magnetic resonance findings
Authors: Chiocchi Marcello , Chiaravalloti Antonio , Morosetti Daniele , Loreni Giorgio , Gandini Roberto , Mancino Stefano , Fabiano Sebastiano , Simonetti Giovanni 
Published: February 2013

Background
Stroke is the third most common cause of death and one of the most common cause of long-term disability in the Western world. Carotid plaque morphology is the main predictor of cerebrovascular accidents, more than the degree of stenosis.

Aims
The primary aim was to validate virtual histology– intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) as a diagnostic tool for carotid plaque characterization, by comparison with histology, through ex-vivo evaluation of carotid plaques. The secondary target was to compare VH-IVUS with high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) through in-vivo evaluation of carotid artery plaques.

Materials and methods
In the ex-vivo study, data were acquired from six carotid arteries explanted from six symptomatic male patients with a mean age of 72 W 9.64 years. Sectional images obtained with the IVUS catheter were compared with digitalized histological images. Twelve consecutive patients (eight men, four women, mean age of 75 W 6.33 years), candidates for carotid artery stenting, were included in the in-vivo study. All histological and HR-MR images were converted to a digital format and the exact percentages of the four plaque components were determined.

Results
Forty-two images were used for correlation between VH-IVUS and histology. Quantitative analysis of different plaque components revealed a good concordance (0.82) between the two methods [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.92]. Precision rates of VH-IVUS for concordance with true histology of different plaque components were 99.4% for fibrous tissue, 85.9% for fibrolipid tissue, 71.4% for calcium and 83.4% for necrosis. Comparison between HR-MRI and VH-IVUS was performed on 27 images. Concordance between the two methods was 0.84 (95% CI 0.69–0.92). Precision rates were, respectively, 85.3, 95.2, 90.2 and 82.0%.

Conclusion
We believe that VH-IVUS may be useful when a quick intraprocedural evaluation of a carotid plaque before or after stent placement is required, but is not suitable for the accurate in-vivo differentiation between stable and unstable plaques prone to rupture, due to the suboptimal assessment of the necrotic component, fibrous cap thickness and rupture signs. We do believe, however, that these results need further evaluation in larger populations to be confirmed.