bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local control rate and prognosis after sequential chemoradiation for small cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Meijer Richard P , Meinhardt Wim , van der Poel Henk G , van Rhijn Bas W , Kerst J Martijn , Pos Floris J , Horenblas Simon , Bex Axel 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo assess the long‐term outcome and the risk for local recurrence of patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy (sequential chemoradiation).MethodsAll consecutive patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder (n = 66), treated in our institution between 1993 and 2011 were retrospectively evaluated from an institutional database. Only patients with limited disease (Tx‐4N0‐1M0) small cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with sequential chemoradiation (n = 27) were included in this study. Recurrence rates, overall survival and cancer‐specific survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsMedian time to recurrence was 20 months, median overall survival 26 months, 5‐year overall survival 22.2%, median cancer‐specific survival 47 months and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival 39.6%. For complete responders after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 19), median cancer‐specific survival was 52 months with a 5‐year cancer‐specific survival 45.9% versus a median cancer‐specific survival of 22 months and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival 0.0% for incomplete responders (n = 8; P = 0.034). Eight patients (29.6%) underwent transurethral resections (TUR‐BT) for local recurrences in the bladder. At the end of follow up, four patients had undergone cystectomy for recurrence of disease resulting in a bladder‐preservation rate of 85.2%. Median time to local recurrence was 29 months and median time to distant recurrence was 10 months.ConclusionsSequential chemoradiation for limited disease small cell carcinoma of the bladder results in a reasonable outcome with a high bladder preservation rate. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy represents a significant prognostic factor in this patient population.
Replacement of administration sets (including transducers) for peripheral arterial catheters: a systematic review
Authors: Daud Azlina , Rickard Claire , Cooke Marie , Reynolds Heather 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesThis article presents a systematic review of the evidence for the optimal interval for replacement of administration sets for peripheral arterial catheters.BackgroundPeripheral arterial catheters are attached to administration sets, including transducers, which are changed routinely in some hospitals on the understanding that prolonged duration of administration sets use may cause a higher incidence of infection.DesignSystematic review.MethodsMedline, CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched to access relevant studies published between 1966 and 2011. Inclusion criteria were quantitative studies of critically ill patients with peripheral arterial catheters that required administration sets for intra‐arterial pressure monitoring and had a focus on administration sets duration of use. Studies were assessed for quality using either methodological quality assessments from Cochrane guidelines for systematic reviews for randomised controlled trials or with the Newcastle‐Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies.ResultsSix studies were selected for review. These included three randomised controlled trials (226 patients) and three cohort studies (219 patients). Cohort studies reported 1–4% catheter‐related bloodstream infection and 0–8% infusate‐related bloodstream infection when administration sets were changed every 48 hours. Two randomised controlled trials found no difference in infusate‐related bloodstream infection (two days: 0%; four to eight days: 1·7%) and found no cases of catheter‐related bloodstream infection in any group when administration sets were replaced every 24 or 48 hours.ConclusionThere is limited evidence on the optimum duration of administration sets used for peripheral arterial catheters. Large randomised trials of high quality are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review provides clinicians with comprehensive information about the state of the evidence in relation to the duration of administration sets for peripheral arterial catheters to inform decision‐making and further research.
The integration of print and digital content for providing learners with constructive feedback using smartphones
Authors: Chen Nian‐Shing , Wei Chun‐Wang , Huang Yen‐Chieh , Kinshuk  
Published: December 2012

AbstractTimely feedback is considered essential for supporting professional growth and personal development. However, it is difficult to employ such feedback in traditional learning environments. Recently, smartphones are considered as educational tools for supporting instructional activities. Therefore, this study attempts to leverage the advantages of physical textbooks and mobile devices. A pedagogical strategy called constructive feedback was proposed to provide learners with real‐time and personalized suggestions according to the results of electronic assessment. Two types of connectivity techniques, namely QR Codes and hyperlinking, were applied for integrating printed materials and digital content. An experiment was conducted in a university course entitled Computer Networks, and a total of 80 students were recruited to participate in this experiment. The findings revealed that the strategy of constructive feedback had a significant influence on learning performance. However, no significant differences on learning performance were found between using QR Codes and using hyperlinking. Finally, implications of the findings were discussed for further research directions and practical applications.
Do different perceptual task sets modulate electrophysiological correlates of masked visuomotor priming? Attention to shape and color put to the test
Authors: Zovko Monika , Kiefer Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAccording to classical theories, automatic processes operate independently of attention. Recent evidence, however, shows that masked visuomotor priming, an example of an automatic process, depends on attention to visual form versus semantics. In a continuation of this approach, we probed feature‐specific attention within the perceptual domain and tested in two event‐related potential (ERP) studies whether masked visuomotor priming in a shape decision task specifically depends on attentional sensitization of visual pathways for shape in contrast to color. Prior to the masked priming procedure, a shape or a color decision task served to induce corresponding task sets. ERP analyses revealed visuomotor priming effects over the occipitoparietal scalp only after the shape, but not after the color induction task. Thus, top‐down control coordinates automatic processing streams in congruency with higher‐level goals even at a fine‐grained level.
Dynamic Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources in 33 European Countries
Authors: LEFÈVRE FRANÇOIS , KOSKELA JARKKO , HUBERT JASON , KRAIGHER HOJKA , LONGAUER ROMAN , OLRIK DITTE C. , SCHÜLER SILVIO , BOZZANO MICHELE , ALIZOTI PARASKEVI , BAKYS REMIGIJUS , BALDWIN CATHLEEN , BALLIAN DALIBOR , BLACK‐SAMUELSSON SANNA , BEDNAROVA DAGMAR , BORDÁCS SÁNDOR , COLLIN ERIC , DE CUYPER BART , DE VRIES SVEN M. G. , EYSTEINSSON THRÖSTUR , FRÝDL JOSEF , HAVERKAMP MICHAELA , IVANKOVIC MLADEN , KONRAD HEINO , KOZIOL CZESŁAW , MAATEN TIIT , NOTIVOL PAINO EDUARDO , ÖZTÜRK HIKMET , PANDEVA IVANOVA DENITSA , PARNUTA GHEORGHE , PILIPOVIČ ANDREJ , POSTOLACHE DRAGOS , RYAN CATHAL , STEFFENREM ARNE , VARELA MARIA CAROLINA , VESSELLA FEDERICO , VOLOSYANCHUK ROMAN T. , WESTERGREN MARJANA , WOLTER FRANK , YRJÄNÄ LEENA , ZARIŊA INGA 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDynamic conservation of forest genetic resources (FGR) means maintaining the genetic diversity of trees within an evolutionary process and allowing generation turnover in the forest. We assessed the network of forests areas managed for the dynamic conservation of FGR (conservation units) across Europe (33 countries). On the basis of information available in the European Information System on FGR (EUFGIS Portal), species distribution maps, and environmental stratification of the continent, we developed ecogeographic indicators, a marginality index, and demographic indicators to assess and monitor forest conservation efforts. The pan‐European network has 1967 conservation units, 2737 populations of target trees, and 86 species of target trees. We detected a poor coincidence between FGR conservation and other biodiversity conservation objectives within this network. We identified 2 complementary strategies: a species‐oriented strategy in which national conservation networks are specifically designed for key target species and a site‐oriented strategy in which multiple‐target units include so‐called secondary species conserved within a few sites. The network is highly unbalanced in terms of species representation, and 7 key target species are conserved in 60% of the conservation units. We performed specific gap analyses for 11 tree species, including assessment of ecogeographic, demographic, and genetic criteria. For each species, we identified gaps, particularly in the marginal parts of their distribution range, and found multiple redundant conservation units in other areas. The Mediterranean forests and to a lesser extent the boreal forests are underrepresented. Monitoring the conservation efficiency of each unit remains challenging; however, <2% of the conserved populations seem to be at risk of extinction. On the basis of our results, we recommend combining species‐oriented and site‐oriented strategies.Conservación Dinámica de Recursos Genéticos Forestales en 33 Países Europeos
La protección social laboral de los trabajadores del sector informal
Authors: Lund Francie 
Published: December 2012

ResumenLa mano de obra del sector informal crece en todos los países del mundo. Las transformaciones a escala mundial que han experimentado la estructura del empleo y los centros de trabajo se traducen en que, para muchos trabajadores empobrecidos el trabajo supone una fuente de riesgos y perjuicios para su salud. Sin embargo, los trabajadores del sector informal carecen de acceso a los mecanismos de protección social laboral. Afrontan riesgos elevados debido al trabajo que hacen, pero tienen pocas o ninguna vía de acceso a algún tipo de protección social digna ya sea de carácter formal o informal. Los programas de seguridad social centrados en los ciudadanos, tales como las transferencias de dinero en efectivo, no prestan suficiente atención a las necesidades de los adultos aptos para el trabajo. Además, la disciplina y la práctica del modelo tradicional de salud y seguridad en el trabajo (SST), que es un elemento necesario de la seguridad social laboral en general, no cubre los puestos de trabajo en el sector informal. En particular, los trabajadores informales más pobres no gozan de una buena posición para hacer uso de posibles intervenciones preventivas, ya que éstas les pueden acarrear una pérdida de ingresos a corto plazo. Una estrategia más integradora exigirá introducir cambios en los acuerdos institucionales por los que se rige laSST, y en su elaboración deberían participar especialmente las autoridades locales y las organizaciones de trabajadores informales que estén creando redes sectoriales con proyección internacional. A este respecto, se presentan ejemplos prometedores de reformas negociadas e integradoras en materia de políticas enSST. El mayor reto es crear unaSSTmás amplia en la que los trabajadores informales estén incluidos comotrabajadores, en vez de comociudadanos vulnerables, que reúnen los requisitos únicamente para programas de protección social de lucha contra la pobreza, y en la que se aborden explícitamente medidas preventivas.
Interrupted development of dentition in children receiving bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic Leukemia: a case series
Authors: Rowland Chris , Kaste Sue , Owens Amber 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis case series depicts dental anomalies that may develop in children who have undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The most common finding in these patients was root stunting; other abnormalities included microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontia, caries, enamel pearls, and pulpal calcification. Recognition of these adverse effects of BMT on odontogenesis, as demonstrated on panoramic radiograph images, will allow healthcare providers to explain to parents and patients the possible dental outcomes associated with BMT and to optimize their dental health regimen.
Parental anthropometrics, early growth and the risk of overweight in pre‐school children: the Generation R Study
Authors: Durmuş B. , Arends L. R. , Ay L. , Hokken‐Koelega A. C. , Raat H. , Hofman A. , Steegers E. A. P. , Jaddoe V. W. V. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Parental obesity is a strong risk factor of childhood obesity.
High gestational weight gain is associated with childhood body mass index.
Previous studies reported inconsistent associations between parental and child anthropometrics.
What this study adds
Maternal anthropometrics have stronger effects on fetal anthropometrics than paternal anthropometrics.
Maternal body mass index has a stronger effect on longitudinally measured childhood body mass index than paternal body mass index.
The strongest effect of gestational weight gain on childhood body mass index was seen at the age of 4 years in mothers with normal body mass index.
BackgroundThere are limited data regarding the associations of both maternal and paternal anthropometrics with longitudinally measured post‐natal growth measures in early childhood.ObjectiveTo assess the associations of maternal and paternal anthropometrics with growth characteristics and the risk of overweight in pre‐school children.Study designPopulation‐based prospective cohort study from early foetal life onwards in the Netherlands.MethodsMaternal pre‐pregnancy anthropometrics and gestational weight gain, and paternal anthropometrics were related to foetal and post‐natal growth measures and the risk of overweight until the age of 4 years. Analyses were based on 5674 mothers, fathers and their children.ResultsBoth pre‐pregnancy maternal and paternal height, weight and body mass index were associated with corresponding foetal and post‐natal anthropometric measures. Maternal body mass index had a significantly stronger effect on childhood body mass index than paternal body mass index. As compared to children from parents with normal body mass index, children from two obese parents had an increased risk of overweight at the age of 4 years (odds ratio 6.52 (95% confidence interval 3.44, 12.38). Maternal gestational weight gain was only among mothers with normal body mass index associated with body mass index and the risk of overweight in the children.ConclusionMaternal and paternal anthropometrics affect early growth in pre‐school children differently. Gestational weight gain in mothers without overweight and obesity is related to the risk of overweight in early childhood.
Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with weight and weight status among 10‐ to 12‐year‐old boys and girls in Europe: a cluster analysis within the ENERGY project
Authors: De Bourdeaudhuij I. , Verloigne M. , Maes L. , Van Lippevelde W. , Chinapaw M. J. M. , te Velde S. J. , Manios Y. , Androutsos O. , Kovacs E. , Dössegger A. , Brug J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity plays an important role in the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity.
Sedentary time has an impact on overweight and obesity in adults, independently from moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity.
High levels of self‐reported sedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity can co‐exist in children.
What this study adds
Sedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity are both associated with overweight in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old girls.
For 10‐ to 12‐year‐old boys, it appears that merely moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity is related to overweight, not sedentary time.
High levels of accelerometer‐derived sedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity can co‐exist in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old children.
BackgroundModerate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) plays an important role in childhood overweight prevention. Sedentary time appears to be independently associated with overweight, but most research has been done in adults.ObjectiveThe objective of this study were to identify subgroups of children based on their MVPA and sedentary time, and explore differences in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and overweight prevalence between among these subgroups.MethodsA sample of 766 10‐ to 12‐year‐old children (52.9% girls, 11.6 ± 0.8 years) were recruited from Hungary (n = 158), Belgium (n = 111), the Netherlands (n = 113), Greece (n = 169) and Switzerland (n = 215). Children wore an accelerometer to measure MVPA and sedentary time.ResultsCluster analysis revealed four clusters in both gender groups showing an unhealthy pattern (low MVPA/high sedentary time), a healthy pattern (high MVPA/low sedentary time), a low mixed pattern (low MVPA/low sedentary time) and a moderate to high mixed pattern (moderate to high MVPA/moderate sedentary time). In girls, the high MVPA/low sedentary time cluster had a significantly lower BMI (P ≤ 0.05), a lower waist circumference (P ≤ 0.01) and the lowest percentage of overweight (P ≤ 0.10) compared with the other three clusters. In boys, both clusters with higher activity levels had a significantly lower BMI (P ≤ 0.001) and waist circumference (P ≤ 0.001) than the two low activity clusters, independent of sedentary time.ConclusionEngagement in more MVPA and less sedentary time is associated with a more favourable weight status among 10‐ to 12‐year‐old girls. Among boys, MVPA seems most important for weight status, while sedentary time appears to be less relevant.
Rapid and unpredictable changes of the G‐matrix in a natural bird population over 25 years
Authors: Björklund M. , Husby A. , Gustafsson L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKnowledge of the genetic variances and covariances of traits (the G‐matrix) is fundamental for the understanding of evolutionary dynamics of populations. Despite its essential importance in evolutionary studies, empirical tests of the temporal stability of the G‐matrix in natural populations are few. We used a 25‐year‐long individual‐based field study on almost 7000 breeding attempts of the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) to estimate the stability of the G‐matrix over time. Using animal models to estimate G for several time periods, we show that the structure of the time‐specific G‐matrices changed significantly over time. The temporal changes in the G‐matrix were unpredictable, and the structure at one time period was not indicative of the structure at the next time period. Moreover, we show that the changes in the time‐specific G‐matrices were not related to changes in mean trait values or due to genetic drift. Selection, differences in acquisition/allocation patterns or environment‐dependent allelic effects are therefore likely explanations for the patterns observed, probably in combination. Our result cautions against assuming constancy of the G‐matrix and indicates that even short‐term evolutionary predictions in natural populations can be very challenging.
Pituitary adenylyl cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptor re‐sensitization induces plastic changes in the dopaminergic phenotype in the mature avian retina
Authors: Fleming Renata L. , Silveira Mariana S. , Santos Luís E. , Henze Isabela P. , Gardino Patrícia F. , de Mello Maria Christina F. , de Mello Fernando G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPituitary Adenylyl Cyclase‐Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuroactive peptide present in the avian retina where it activates adenylyl cyclase (AC) since early in development via PACAP receptors. The synthesis of cAMP in response to PACAP is observed since embryonic day 8/9 (E8/9). After E12, signaling via PACAP receptors desensitizes, reaching very low levels in the mature tissue. We show here that chronic administration of PACAP in vitro desensitizes PACAP‐induced cAMP accumulation, while the administration of the PACAP antagonist (PACAP 6‐38) re‐sensitizes PACAP receptor/cyclase system in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a twofold increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) cells is observed after in vivo injection of PACAP6‐38. NURR1, a transcription factor associated with the differentiation of dopaminergic cells in the CNS, is present in the chick retina in all developmental stages studied. The presence of NURR1 positive cells in the mature tissue far exceeds the number of TH+ cells, suggesting that these NURR1‐positive cells might have the potential to express the dopaminergic phenotype. Our data show that if PACAP signaling is increased in mature retinas, plastic changes in dopaminergic phenotype can be achieved.
Taste Detection and Recognition Thresholds of The Modified Monellin Sweetener: MNEI
Authors: Di Monaco R. , Miele N.A. , Picone D. , Masi P. , Cavella S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis research focuses on the sensory characterization of modified monellin protein (MNEI), extracted from the plant Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii. The specific objective of this study was to determine the detection threshold (DT) and recognition threshold (RT) of MNEI in different conditions typical of beverage processing and beverage consumption. The following effects on DT and RT were evaluated: mineral content, serving temperature of the product, pH and thermal treatment.A selected panel of 14 assessors evaluated the DT and RT of MNEI by using a modified version of difference from the reference method. Through the modified method, assessors were also asked to give qualitative information about the perceived taste.MNEI DT and RT were effectively obtained though this modified method. This study confirms that MNEI is a natural high‐potency sweetener because the sweet taste RT is about 3,000 times lower than the sweet taste RT of the sucrose measured with the same assessors. Besides, both mineral content and serving temperature affected MNEI DT, whereas pH and thermal treatment did not affect the perceived sweetness. The modified version of difference from the reference method was useful for RT determination.Practical ApplicationThis study represents the first step of modified monellin protein (MNEI) sensory characterization. Because MNEI is a high‐potency sweetener, it could be used in the beverage industry, meeting consumer needs for low‐calorie content. Although sweeteners are not consumed at their threshold concentrations, the data in this article are an important scientific contribution to the knowledge of MNEI sensory performance.