bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantification of glutamate and glutamine by J‐modulated spectroscopy at 3 Tesla
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shen Jun 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe echo time (TE) averaged spectrum is the one‐dimensional (1D) cross‐section of the J‐resolved spectrum at J = 0. In multiecho TE‐averaged spectroscopy, glutamate (Glu) is differentiated from glutamine (Gln) at 3 Tesla (T). This method, however, almost entirely suppresses Gln resonance lines around 2.35 ppm, leaving Gln undetermined. This study presents a novel method for quantifying both Glu and Gln using multi‐echo spectral data.MethodsA 1D cross‐section of J‐resolved spectroscopy at J = 7.5 Hz—referred to as J‐modulated spectroscopy—was developed to simultaneously quantify Glu and Gln levels in the human brain. The transverse relaxation times (T2s) of metabolites were first determined using conventional TE‐averaged spectroscopy with different starting echo time and then incorporated into the spectral model for fitting J‐modulated data.ResultsSimulation and in vivo data showed that the resonance signals of Glu and Gln were clearly separated around 2.35 ppm in J‐modulated spectroscopy. In the anterior cingulate cortex, both Glu and Gln levels were found to be significantly higher in gray matter than in white matter in healthy subjects (P < 10−10 and < 10−5, respectively).ConclusionGln resonances can be clearly separated from Glu and N‐acetyl‐aspartate around 2.35 ppm using J‐modulated spectroscopy. This method can be used to quantitatively measure Glu and Gln simultaneously at 3T. Magn Reson Med 76:725–732, 2016. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Crystal structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional regulator Rv0302
Authors: Chou Tsung‐Han , Delmar Jared A. , Wright Catherine C. , Kumar Nitin , Radhakrishnan Abhijith , Doh Julia K. , Licon Meredith H. , Bolla Jani Reddy , Lei Hsiang‐Ting , Rajashankar Kanagalaghatta R. , Su Chih‐Chia , Purdy Georgiana E. , Yu Edward W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterial species, which is neither Gram positive nor Gram negative. It has a unique cell wall, making it difficult to kill and conferring resistance to antibiotics that disrupt cell wall biosynthesis. Thus, the mycobacterial cell wall is critical to the virulence of these pathogens. Recent work shows that the mycobacterial membrane protein large (MmpL) family of transporters contributes to cell wall biosynthesis by exporting fatty acids and lipidic elements of the cell wall. The expression of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL proteins is controlled by a complicated regulatory network system. Here we report crystallographic structures of two forms of the TetR‐family transcriptional regulator Rv0302, which participates in regulating the expression of MmpL proteins. The structures reveal a dimeric, two‐domain molecule with architecture consistent with the TetR family of regulators. Comparison of the two Rv0302 crystal structures suggests that the conformational changes leading to derepression may be due to a rigid body rotational motion within the dimer interface of the regulator. Using fluorescence polarization and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrate the recognition of promoter and intragenic regions of multiple mmpL genes by this protein. In addition, our isothermal titration calorimetry and electrophoretic mobility shift experiments indicate that fatty acids may be the natural ligand of this regulator. Taken together, these experiments provide new perspectives on the regulation of the MmpL family of transporters.
Destabilization of the dimer interface is a common consequence of diverse ALS‐associated mutations in metal free SOD1
Authors: Broom Helen R. , Rumfeldt Jessica A. O. , Vassall Kenrick A. , Meiering Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNeurotoxic misfolding of Cu, Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a devastating and incurable neurodegenerative disease. Disease‐linked mutations in SOD1 have been proposed to promote misfolding and aggregation by decreasing protein stability and increasing the proportion of less folded forms of the protein. Here we report direct measurement of the thermodynamic effects of chemically and structurally diverse mutations on the stability of the dimer interface for metal free (apo) SOD1 using isothermal titration calorimetry and size exclusion chromatography. Remarkably, all mutations studied, even ones distant from the dimer interface, decrease interface stability, and increase the population of monomeric SOD1. We interpret the thermodynamic data to mean that substantial structural perturbations accompany dimer dissociation, resulting in the formation of poorly packed and malleable dissociated monomers. These findings provide key information for understanding the mechanisms and energetics underlying normal maturation of SOD1, as well as toxic SOD1 misfolding pathways associated with disease. Furthermore, accurate prediction of protein–protein association remains very difficult, especially when large structural changes are involved in the process, and our findings provide a quantitative set of data for such cases, to improve modelling of protein association.
Performance and complications of lumbar puncture in memory clinics: Results of the multicenter lumbar puncture feasibility study
Authors: Duits Flora H. , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Paquet Claire , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Lleó Alberto , Hausner Lucrezia , Molinuevo José L. , Stomrud Erik , Farotti Lucia , Ramakers Inez H.G.B. , Tsolaki Magda , Skarsgård Constance , Åstrand Ragnar , Wallin Anders , Vyhnalek Martin , Holmber‐Clausen Marie , Forlenza Orestes V. , Ghezzi Laura , Ingelsson Martin , Hoff Erik I. , Roks Gerwin , de Mendonça Alexandre , Papma Janne M. , Izagirre Andrea , Taga Mariko , Struyfs Hanne , Alcolea Daniel A. , Frölich Lutz , Balasa Mircea , Minthon Lennart , Twisk Jos W.R. , Persson Staffan , Zetterberg Henrik , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Scheltens Philip , Blennow Kaj 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionLumbar puncture (LP) is increasingly performed in memory clinics. We investigated patient‐acceptance of LP, incidence of and risk factors for post‐LP complications in memory clinic populations.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 3868 patients (50% women, age 66 ± 11 years, mini mental state examination 25 ± 5) at 23 memory clinics. We used logistic regression analysis using generalized estimated equations to investigate risk factors for post‐LP complications, such as typical postlumbar puncture headache (PLPH) and back pain.ResultsA total of 1065 patients (31%) reported post‐LP complaints; 589 patients (17%) reported back pain, 649 (19%) headache, of which 296 (9%) reported typical PLPH. Only few patients needed medical intervention: 11 (0.3%) received a blood patch, 23 (0.7%) were hospitalized. The most important risk factor for PLPH was medical history of headache. An atraumatic needle and age >65 years were preventive. Gender, rest after LP, or volume of cerebrospinal fluid had no effect.DiscussionsThe overall risk of complications is relatively low. If risk factors shown in this study are taken into account, LPs can be safely performed in memory clinics.
Acanthopanax trifoliatus inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chien Tzu‐Mei , Hsieh Po‐Chow , Huang Shyh‐Shyun , Deng Jeng‐Shyan , Ho Yu‐Ling , Chang Yuan‐Shiun , Huang Guan‐Jhong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcanthopanax trifoliatus is a well‐known herb that is used for the treatment of bruising, neuralgia, impotence, and gout in Taiwan. This herb exhibits multifunctional activities, including anticancer, anti‐inflammation, and antioxidant effects. This paper investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory effect of A. trifoliatus. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis established the fingerprint chromatogram of the ethyl acetate fraction of A. trifoliatus (EAAT). The anti‐inflammatory effect of EAAT was detected using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 in vitro and LPS‐induced lung injury in vivo. The effects of EAAT on LPS‐induced production of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 murine macrophages and the mouse model were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. EAAT attenuated the production of LPS‐induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐6 in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with EAAT markedly reduced LPS‐induced histological alterations in lung tissues. Furthermore, EAAT significantly reduced the number of total cells and protein concentration levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Western blotting test results revealed that EAAT blocked protein expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, phosphorylation of Nuclear factor‐kappa‐B Inhibitor alpha (IκB‐α) protein, and mitogen‐activated protein kinases in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells as well as LPS‐induced lung injury. This study suggests that A. trifoliatus may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Improving Preschool Educators' Interactive Shared Book Reading: Effects of Coaching in Professional Development
Authors: Rezzonico Stefano , Hipfner-Boucher Kathleen , Milburn Trelani , Weitzman Elaine , Greenberg Janice , Pelletier Janette , Girolametto Luigi 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of coaching by speech-language pathologists on educators' interactive shared book reading, children's participation in shared reading, and children's language development.MethodThirty-two educators and small groups of preschoolers were randomly assigned to experimental and comparison groups. The experimental group (n= 15) received 4 in-service workshops plus 5 individualized coaching sessions. The comparison group received only the 4 workshops. Participants were video-recorded during a shared book reading activity with a small group of children at pretest and posttest. The video recordings were transcribed and coded to yield measures of conversations, educators' questions, and children's responses. The mean length of utterances of the children's responses was also calculated.ResultsThere were no significant Time × Group interaction effects for the number and length of shared reading conversations or for the number of participants in these conversations. However, significant Time × Group interactions were observed for the use of educators' experiential reasoning questions, children's experiential reasoning responses, and the mean length of utterances of children's responses.ConclusionThese results suggest that coaching increases educators' use of inferential questions, enhancing an interactive shared-reading strategy that had a direct impact on the children's quality and complexity of language.
An efficient resampling method for calibrating single and gene-based rare variant association analysis in case–control studies
Authors: Lee Seunggeun , Fuchsberger Christian , Kim Sehee , Scott Laura 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor aggregation tests of genes or regions, the set of included variants often have small total minor allele counts (MACs), and this is particularly true when the most deleterious sets of variants are considered. When MAC is low, commonly used asymptotic tests are not well calibrated for binary phenotypes and can have conservative or anti-conservative results and potential power loss. Empirical $p$-values obtained via resampling methods are computationally costly for highly significant $p$-values and the results can be conservative due to the discrete nature of resampling tests. Based on the observation that only the individuals containing minor alleles contribute to the score statistics, we develop an efficient resampling method for single and multiple variant score-based tests that can adjust for covariates. Our method can improve computational efficiency $>$1000-fold over conventional resampling for low MAC variant sets. We ameliorate the conservativeness of results through the use of mid-$p$-values. Using the estimated minimum achievable $p$-value for each test, we calibrate QQ plots and provide an effective number of tests. In analysis of a case–control study with deep exome sequence, we demonstrate that our methods are both well calibrated and also reduce computation time significantly compared with resampling methods.
The interpretation of traces found on adhesive tapes
Authors: Wieten Remi , De Zoete Jacob , Blankers Bart , Kokshoorn Bas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In violent crimes, adhesive tapes such as duct tape are often used by perpetrators e.g. to tie up a victim. In the forensic examination of such tapes many different types of traces can be found, such as finger marks and human biological traces. These traces are first interpreted at source level. However, even when it is certain that a trace was donated by the suspect this does not necessarily mean that he donated the trace while taping the victim, as he could have e.g. used the tape roll from which the pieces came previous to the crime. Therefore, the trace can also be interpreted at activity level. For this, factors such as transfer, persistence and recovery, as well as the position of the trace as it would have been on the original roll have to be taken into consideration. In this study, we have developed a Bayesian network which can aid the forensic practitioner in his interpretation. From a sensitivity analysis, we have concluded that it would be most desirable to set up further studies to determine the most likely positions of DNA on tape rolls if there has only been innocent contact.
When the East meets the West: the future of traditional Chinese medicine in the 21st century
Authors: Qiu Jane 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced in China for thousands of years. In the past decade, there have been intensive debates in China about the nature of this ancient practice and its future development. Some critics argue that TCM theories are inaccurate descriptions of the human body that verge on imagination, and so have no place in modern healthcare systems. Other, however, say that TCM has a lot to offer to Western science and medicine and that emerging analytical tools hold great potentials in bridging the gap between the two worlds with contrasting philosophy and approaches.
In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, five panelists from diverse backgrounds discussed the differences between TCM and Western science and medicine, recent progress in TCM research, and key challenges in modernizing this ancient practice.
Hongxin Cao
Director of Science and Technology Bureau, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China
Aiping Lu
Dean of the School of Chinese Medicine at Hong Kong Baptist University
Yiling Wu
President of Hebei Academy of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine
Boli Zhang
President of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and President of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Liping Zhao
Professor and former deputy director of the Shanghai Center for System Biology at Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Mu-ming Poo (Chair)
Neuroscientist and Director of Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Neurosciences in Shanghai
Plate-assisted Lengthening of the Femur and Tibia in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Georgiadis Andrew G. , Rossow Jeffrey K. , Laine Jennifer C. , Iobst Christopher A. , Dahl Mark T. 
Published: September 2015

Background
Limb lengthening over a percutaneous plate can be used during pediatric distraction osteogenesis to decrease the time of external fixation.

Methods:
A retrospective, consecutive 2-surgeon experience of pediatric femoral and tibial lengthenings with a plate-assisted lengthening (PAL) technique was performed. The plate was placed at the time of index corticotomy. The primary outcome measures of external fixation index, consolidation index, and complications were assessed for each lengthening.

Results:
From 2005 to 2012, 38 lengthenings (23 femur, 15 tibia) in 30 patients were performed by a PAL technique. All patients experienced successful distraction and consolidation. The average achieved lengthening was 3.80±0.98 cm (range, 2.2 to 6.4) with an average consolidation index of 27 days/cm and a mean external fixation index of 13.1±4.29 days/cm (range, 7.8 to 30). Patients returned to full weight-bearing activity after an average of 98.3±28.5 days. There were an average of 1.08±1.05 total complications and 0.39±0.75 severe complications per lengthening. Complications were encountered most commonly during femoral lengthening, including procurvatum and varus deformity through the regenerate. These deformities were usually corrected by frame adjustment before removal.

Conclusions:
PAL is a safe technique that minimizes time of external fixation, accelerates rehabilitation and weight-bearing, and can be successfully used on the femur or tibia. The most common complications are angular deformities of the regenerate that can be treated with adjustment before or at the time of plate locking.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective case series.
Standard melanoma-associated markers do not identify the MM127 metastatic melanoma cell line
Authors: Haridas Parvathi , McGovern Jacqui A. , Kashyap Ahishek S. , McElwain D.L. Sean , Simpson Matthew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReliable identification of different melanoma cell lines is important for many aspects of melanoma research. Common markers used to identify melanoma cell lines include: S100; HMB-45; and Melan-A. We explore the expression of these three markers in four different melanoma cell lines: WM35; WM793; SK-MEL-28; and MM127. The expression of these markers is examined at both the mRNA and protein level. Our results show that the metastatic cell line, MM127, cannot be detected using any of the commonly used melanoma-associated markers. This implies that it would be very difficult to identify this particular cell line in a heterogeneous sample, and as a result this cell line should be used with care.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis associated with hematological disorders: A report of two cases and review of Japanese literature
Authors: Takamura Saori , Teraki Yuichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) occurs in patients with hematological disorders. However, clinical information about hematological disorder‐associated EPF is scarce. We report two cases of EPF associated with mantle cell lymphoma and reviewed the available published work on Japanese cases. We identified a total of 23 Japanese cases, including the two cases reported here, who had hematological disorder‐associated EPF. Fourteen cases were associated with treatment for hematological malignancies (transplantation‐related EPF) and nine cases were associated with hematological malignancies themselves (hematological malignancy‐related EPF). Although the skin eruption was clinically indistinguishable between the two subtypes, transplantation‐related EPF occurred on the face and trunk of young and middle‐aged men and women, whereas hematological malignancy‐related EPF occurred mostly on the face of older men. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was more frequently observed in transplantation‐related EPF. These observations suggest variations among patients with EPF associated with hematological disorders.
Discussion of “Corporate Political Connections and Tax Aggressiveness”
Authors: Faccio Mara 
Published: September 2015

AbstractKim and Zhang (2015) study the relation between corporate political connections and tax aggressiveness. In this discussion, I identify and evaluate three main limitations of their paper: the measurement of political connections, the empirical design, and the possible reasons behind the documented results. I build on these small shortcomings to provide suggestions for further contributions in this area of research.
Review of the role of sentinel node biopsy in cutaneous head and neck melanoma
Authors: Roy Jennifer M. , Whitfield Robert J. , Gill P. Grantley 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSentinel node biopsy (SNB) is recommended for selected melanoma patients in many parts of the world. This review examines the evidence surrounding the accuracy and prognostic value of SNB and completion neck dissection in head and neck melanoma. Sentinel nodes were identified in an average of 94.7% of head and neck cases compared with 95.3–100% in all melanoma cases. More false‐negative sentinel nodes were found in head and neck cases. A positive sentinel node was associated with both lower disease‐free survival (53.4 versus 83.2%) and overall survival (40 versus 84%). We conclude that SNB should be offered to all patients with intermediate and high‐risk melanomas in the head and neck area. To date, evidence does not exist to demonstrate the safety of avoiding completion lymph node dissection in sentinel node‐positive patients with head and neck melanoma.
Atopic dermatitis is associated with Caesarean sections in Korean adolescents, but asthma is not
Authors: Yu Mi , Han Kyungdo , Kim Do Hoon , Nam Ga Eun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimStudies on the associations between mode of delivery and allergic diseases have produced different results, and research has rarely been conducted in Asian countries such as South Korea. This study assessed the relationship between mode of delivery and atopic dermatitis and asthma in Korean adolescents.MethodsData collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2011 were used. We included 1302 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) of having atopic dermatitis in adolescents born by Caesarean section compared with vaginal delivery was 1.50, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.01–2.22, after adjusting for age and sex. The association remained significant after further adjustments for body mass index, breastfeeding and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.05–2.47) and when fat intake was added to those variables (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.14–2.85). However, asthma was not associated with mode of delivery in any of the models.ConclusionsAtopic dermatitis in adolescents was associated with Caesarean delivery, which is common in South Korea. The findings suggest that the frequency of this practice should be reconsidered and that further research with longitudinal evaluation of relevant mechanisms is needed.