bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Americium(III) oxidation by copper(III) periodate in nitric acid solution as compared with the action of Bi(V) compounds of sodium, lithium, and potassium
Authors: Sinkov Sergey I. , Lumetta Gregg J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The oxidative action of a Cu(III) periodate compound toward Am(III) in nitric acid was studied. The extent of oxidation of Am(III) to
Am(VI) was investigated using a constant initial Cu(III)-to-Am(III) molar ratio of 10:1 and varying nitric acid concentrations from
0.25 to 3.5 mol/L. From 0.25 to 3 mol/L HNO3, more than 98% of the Am(III) was oxidized to
Am(VI); however, at 3.5 mol/L HNO3, the conversion to Am(VI) was only 80%. Increasing the
Cu(III)-to-Am(III) molar ratio to 20:1 in 3.5 mol/L HNO3 resulted in 98% conversion to Am(VI). For
comparison, oxidation of Am(III) with NaBiO3 was studied at 3.5 mol/L HNO3 and the same stoichiometric
excess of Bi(V) oxidant over Am(III) (stoichiometric ratio of 3.33:1). With NaBiO3, the extent of Am(III) conversion to
Am(VI) was only 19%, while with the Cu(III) compound this value was found to be about 4 times higher under otherwise identical
conditions. Similar results were obtained with other Bi(V) salts. These results show that the Cu(III) periodate compound is a superior
oxidant to NaBiO3, yielding rapid conversion to Am(VI) in a homogeneous acidic solution, and is, therefore, an excellent
candidate for further development of Am separation systems.
Exposure to and health effects of volatile PCBs
Authors: Carpenter David O. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent, lipophilic contaminants that are known to increase risk of a number of human diseases. Although ingestion of animal fats is a major route of exposure, there is increasing evidence that inhalation of vapor-phase PCBs is also important and may be as or even more important than ingestion under some circumstances.The evidence that inhalation of PCBs may cause cancer, heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes is reviewed and presented in this report.PCBs are known human carcinogens. A husband and wife, occupationally required to ‘smell’ PCB-containing oils, both developed thyroid cancer, malignant melanoma/severely melanocytic dysplastic nevus (a precursor to malignant melanoma) and the husband, a non-smoker, developed and died of lung cancer. The serum of both had highly elevated concentrations of lower chlorinated, volatile PCB congeners. In other studies, residents living near PCB-containing hazardous waste sites, and thus breathing PCB-contaminated air, have elevated rates of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and reduced cognitive performance, whereas other studies in defined populations show that there is an elevated risk of all of these diseases in individuals with elevated serum PCBs.These results are consistent with the conclusion that inhaled PCBs can increase risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and reduce cognitive function.
The 2008/2009 cholera outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe: case of failure in urban environmental health and planning
Authors: Chirisa Innocent , Nyamadzawo Lisa , Bandauko Elmond , Mutsindikwa Nyasha 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper reviews and reflects on the cholera outbreak that rocked Harare, Zimbabwe, in 2008/2009. We give special attention to the root causes, impacts and debates made by key stakeholders, indicating the political and geographical responses. Based on a desktop study and documentary review, the paper highlights the inadequacy of safe and clean water in most of the suburbs, the collapse of the waste management, water supply and sanitation systems of the city as the major explanations for the scourge. Despite this, Harare remains troubled with the shortage of purification chemicals, making it quite impossible to supply clean and adequate water. The national economic crisis also had a strong bearing against the performance of the public health sector. The paper concludes that sustainable urban health initiatives involving both central and local government will provide a long-term solution to the problems highlighted.
Association of DDT and heptachlor epoxide in human blood with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Everett Charles J. , Thompson Olivia M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSix organochlorine pesticides and pesticide metabolites in human blood were tested to determine their relationships with diabetic nephropathy. The data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 (unweighted, n=2992, population estimate=133,088,752). The six chemicals were
Tipping the Scales – Settlement, Appeal and the Relevance of Judicial Ambition
Authors: Christmann Robin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Judges become ambitious decision makers when they face appellate review. This paper applies a contract theoretic perspective to the behavior of self-interested trial judges in a two-level court system and analyzes how different judicial stereotypes affect contracting in “the shadow of” the court. Confronted with the factual ambiguity of a case, maximizing judges pursue an (privately) optimal strategy and tip the scales of the trial outcome. The model reveals that careerist judges will deliberately allow for a certain probability of judicial error in their decisions to pursue “self-advertisement” at the appeal court. Furthermore, the strongest fact-finding judge is tempted by in-trial settlements to evade the risk of appellate review, and does not foster contract verifiability to the desirable extent. Our implications put into perspective the function of appellate courts to promote court accuracy. Additionally, a judicial tendency to conclude lawsuits through in-court settlements may strain contract output.
Ultra-small diameter coils for treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Jindal Gaurav , Miller Timothy , Beaty Narlin , Puri Ajit , Gandhi Dheeraj 
Published: May 2015

This study reports our initial clinical experience treating very small intracranial aneurysms using only Target® Nano™ coils. Retrospective angiographic and clinical analysis was performed on a non-randomized single arm registry of all intracranial aneurysms treated with only Target® Nano™ coils (1 mm and 1.5 mm diameter only) during a 12 month period at two academic hospitals. Fourteen patients with 14 intracranial aneurysms were treated. The maximum diameter of saccular aneurysms treated ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 mm; minimum aneurysm diameter was 1.1 to 2 mm. The immediate complete aneurysm occlusion rate was 86% (12/14), and a small residual within the aneurysm was seen in 14% (2/14) of cases. Packing density from coils ranged between 24% and 83% (mean 51%). The immediate complication rate was 0% (0/14). The angiographic/MR angiography follow-up period was 22 to 70 weeks (mean 37 weeks) with an overall complete occlusion rate of 9/11 (81%), recurrence in 18% (2/11), and lack of follow-up in three cases, two due to death during hospitalization and one procedure not yet due for imaging follow-up. Both patients who died presented with brain aneurysm ruptures prior to treatment. Both recurrences were retreated with repeat coiling procedures. Our initial results using only Target® Nano™ coils for the endovascular treatment of very small intracranial aneurysms have demonstrated initial good safety and efficacy profiles.
A győzelemmel és a vesztéssel való megküzdés: A serdülők és a felnőttkor küszöbén álló fiatalok összehasonlítása
Authors: Fülöp Márta , Nagy Tamás 
Published: May 2015

A versengési folyamatoknak mindig van eredménye, egy versengési ciklus végén a riválisokból győztesek és vesztesek lesznek. Mind a győzelem, mind a vesztés intenzív érzelmi élmény. Ennek az érzelmi élménynek a természete és a feldolgozása meghatározhatja azt, hogy egy versengési folyamat milyen hatással lesz az egyén későbbi viselkedésére versengési helyzetekben, inkább közelítően reagál vagy inkább elkerülően. Korábbi vizsgálatok már feltárták a győzelemmel és a vesztéssel való érzelmi és viselkedéses megküzdés egymástól jól elkülöníthető mintázatait serdülők (gimnazisták) és a felnőttkor küszöbén lévő (egyetemisták) fiatal felnőttek körében. A jelen tanulmány egyrészt azt vizsgálja, hogy a két csoportban feltárt mintázatok azonosak-e, vagyis ezek a mintázatok mindkét korosztályban azonos érzelmi és viselkedéses élményt jelentenek-e. Másik kérdése az, hogy amennyiben vannak azonos érzelmi és viselkedéses mintázatok, akkor ezeknek az előfordulása különbözik-e a két életkori csoport között. Végül a tanulmány az azonos érzelmi és viselkedéses mintázatok alapján meg kívánja alapozni a győzelemmel és a vesztéssel való megküzdés általános modelljét.
A vizsgálatban 351 középiskolás és 289 egyetemista adatait elemeztük. A válaszadók által kitöltött, a győzelemre és vesztésre adott érzelmi és viselkedéses válaszokat feltáró, zárt kérdéses kérdőív válaszainak faktorelemzése után nyert faktorokon elvégeztük a konstruktum ekvivalencia vizsgálatokat. A két különálló csoport esetében a feltárt reakciómódok többsége konstruktum ekvivalensnek bizonyult, a köztük lévő kapcsolat pedig funkcionálisan ekvivalensnek (azonos irányú szignifikáns korrelációk). A két csoport között nem találtunk életkori különbséget, különbség volt azonban a Budapesten és a vidéken élők és tanulók között. A Budapesten élők (középiskolások és egyetemisták) kiegyensúlyozottabb megküzdési stratégiákkal rendelkeztek, mint a vidéki egyetemisták.
A konstruktum ekvivalens reakciómódok és a közöttük lévő funkcionálisan ekvivalens kapcsolatok arra utalnak, hogy a feltárt megküzdési mintázatok alapját képezhetik egy általános, a győzelemmel és a vesztéssel való megküzdési modell felállításának.
A versengés, győzelem és vesztés szubjektív jelentése magyar, kínai és Magyarországon tanuló kínai diákok körében
Authors: Sebestyén Nóra , Fülöp Márta 
Published: May 2015

Az utóbbi évtizedben növekszik azoknak a kutatásoknak a száma, amelyek a versengés és kimenetei, a győzelem és a vesztés, kulturális meghatározottságát vizsgálják (például FÜLÖP, 201ő; WATKINS, 2006), azonban nem tudunk olyan kutatásról, amely bevándorlók konceptualizációját tárta volna fel.
Jelen kutatás célja a kínai, magyar és Magyarországon élő kínai diákok versengéssel, győzelemmel és vesztéssel kapcsolatos szubjektív jelentésének feltárása, továbbá az akkulturáció nézetrendszerre gyakorolt hatásának vizsgálata volt.
A vizsgálatban 166 (52 kínai, 60 magyar és 54 Magyarországon élő kínai) 13–15 éves diák vett részt. Annak érdekében, hogy a kulturális kitettség hatása megbízhatóan vizsgálhatóvá váljon, a migráns mintát a Magyarországon tartózkodás ideje alapján két részre osztottunk. A szubjektív jelentések feltáráshoz az Asszociatív Csoport Analízis (AGA, SZALAY és BRENT, 1967) technikát alkalmaztuk, melynek keretében a diákok a versengés, győzelem és vesztés hívószavakra asszociáltak (1 perc/hívószó). A jelentéskomponensek és egymáshoz viszonyított százalékos arányuk az asszociációk súlyozása és kategorizálása révén rajzolódott ki.
Az eredmények az akkulturációs folyamatok szubjektív jelentésre gyakorolt hatására hívják fel a figyelmet. A migráns minta jelentésstruktúrája több komponenssel kapcsolatban hasonlóságot mutatott a magyar mintáéval. Az egyes komponensek különböző mértékben voltak érzékenyek az akkulturációra, a legérzékenyebb elem az érzelmi aspektus volt. A kulturális kitettség hatása leginkább a vesztés fogalommal kapcsolatban érvényesült: a régebb óta Magyarországon tartózkodó diákok jelentésstruktúrája a magyarra, a rövidebb ideje hazánkban tartózkodó migránsoké a kínaira hasonlít.
Support for Interdisciplinary Approaches in Emergency Medical Services Education
Authors: Leggio William J , D'Alessandro Kenneth J 
Published: May 2015

<p>This article analyzes the need for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) educational programs and academicians to develop interdisciplinary educational and training opportunities with other healthcare disciplines. A literature review was conducted on EMS education and interdisciplinary approaches in healthcare education. In general, support for both didactic and simulated interdisciplinary education in healthcare is supported by positive impacts on student learning and improved patient outcomes. Support for interdisciplinary approaches in EMS education was constructed by applying research on interdisciplinary healthcare education to the identified criticisms of EMS education. A critical analysis of the literature allowed for recommendations to be made on the implementation of and further research for interdisciplinary approaches in EMS education. This article supports EMS students to be educated in a way that is reflective of a profession that must work collaboratively to provide out-of-hospital healthcare. </p>
An Impostor's Voice
Authors: Borton Lady 
Published: May 2015

Lady Borton is a United States citizen of Quaker background, and a former high school teacher. Inspired by her pacifist conviction that all lives are sacred and that violence is not an appropriate choice to resolve human conflict, she volunteered to work in Vietnam for the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC). The AFSC is a Quaker-based organization dedicated to the elimination of social injustice and to the promotion of world peace. From 1969 to 1971 Borton served as adminstrator of the AFSC project in Quang Ngai, a Vietnamese province that saw some of the heaviest civilian and military casualities of the war. The AFSC's project taught the Vietnamese how to make artificial arms and legs for civilian victims and provided regular weekly medical care to South Vietnamese political prisoners. In 1975 she served as leader of an AFSC-sponsored delegation of teachers to North Vietnam. She returned to Southeast Asia in 1980 to work as health administrator for twelve thousand Vietnam boat people who had been placed on the Malaysian island of Pulau Bidong. She visited Kampuchea in 1983 and is planning a visit to Vietnam later this year.
Borton lives on a farm in the Appalachian region of Ohio. She chooses to live below the taxable income level so that the government cannot use her tax dollars to support any military activity. In this short article, she describes the many voices that she experiences in a typical day in Ohio and ponders a personal consequence of her remarkable sense of empathy.
Investigation on Combined CO2 Sequestration and Electrical Heating Assisted Gravity Draingage to Enhance Heavy Oil Production
Authors: Zhong Liguo , Yu Di , Zhang Chengjun , Dong Zhaoxia , Ma Shuai , Wang Cheng , Du Xiaoming , Guo Liang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In consideration of the challenges of SAGD process such as the high watercut, the elevated temperature of produced fluid, and the heat loss to the overburden layer, combined CO2 sequestration and electrical heating assisted gravity drainage (CSEAGD in short) is taken into consideration to enhance heavy oil production, especially for water sensitive reservoirs as well, the condition of water short such as offshore and desert. In a typical CSEAGD process, two parallel horizontal wells are drilled as injection well and production well respectively, both wells serve as electrodes or two electrical heaters located in the wells separately, CO2 is injected in the upper injection well, and heated oil and gas are drained to the lower production well by gravity enforced by CO2. At the same time, part of the injected CO2 is sequestrated or stored underground.
Both experiment and numerical simulation were carried out using conventional heavy oil and extra-heavy oil (the viscosities at 50°C are 1640 mPa•s and 12500 mPa•s, respectively) sampled from Bohai offshore oilfield to evaluate the feasibility of CSEAGD process. The study include the effect of electrical heating capacity, CO2 injectivity, distance between injection well and production well. The results show that a similar and even higher oil production rate could be achieved by CSEAGD compared to SAGD or SAGP processes for the heavy oils used (the average oil production rate is 2 to 6 times higher than cold production). The temperature distribution of CSEAGD is an asymmetric dumbbell, different from the inverse triangle in SAGD and the ellipse in SAGP, which is derived from the difference of heating chamber development between injection well and production well. A larger heating chamber could be developed based on the synergetic effect of electrical heating and CO2 injection of the new process. It is found that CSEAGD is more feasible for conventional heavy oil (viscosity lower than 10000 mPa·s under reservoir condition) production, accordingly 3 – 5 PV CO2 could be sequestrated in place depending on the reservoir condition, and input electrical power is larger than 1.0 MW, rational CO2 injection intensity is 50 – 100 m3/d·m, and a larger well distance is recommended.
In the CSEAGD process, CO2 sequestration and electrical heating are combined to enhance heavy oil production due to its environment-friendly feature, water free injection, and competent oil recovery compared to conventional SAGD process. Moreover, flue gas, nitrogen, or natural gas could be injected to replace CO2 or with CO2 together according to the actual condition. It has already been selected as the potentional and prospective offshore heavy oil recovery method in Bohai oilfield.
Physical and Numerical Simulations of Subsurface Upgrading using Solvent Deasphalting in a Heavy Crude Oil Reservoir
Authors: Ovalles C. , Rogel E. , Alboudwarej H. , Inouye A. , Benson I.P. , Vaca P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Physical and numerical simulations of subsurface upgrading using solvent deasphalting (SSU-SDA) at laboratory conditions will be presented using a heavy crude oil and propane as solvent. In this work, propane flood experiments were carried out in a live crude oil (8.8°API) saturated sand at 120°F and 1000 psi. The results showed oil recovery of 85 wt.% with increases of API up to 14°API for the produced crude oil. Using lab characterization data, a new asphaltene precipitation model was developed that involves four pseudo components to numerically simulate the lab experiments. The pseudo components used are Deasphalted Oil, Heavy Fraction, and Soluble and Solid Asphaltenes. History match showed very good agreement between the experimental and calculated oil and gas rates and cumulative oil. Also, reasonably good match between lab and theoretical API of the produced oils was found throughout the propane flood experiments. Using this model, a field-scale one-well pair in SAGD configuration was simulated for steam only and two steam+ propane cases (10:1 and 1:1 vol. ratio) in a typical heavy crude oil reservoir. Results showed accelerated oil production and higher API crude in the presence of propane in comparison with the steam only case. For the 1:1 steam/propane case, the model predicted that the oil quality improved enough to make the oil transportable through a pipeline. Subsurface upgrading via solvent deasphalting is an innovative concept that has the potential of being a game-changer technology in terms of acceleration of oil production, lower CAPEX and OPEX and environmental benefits. The results presented show the potentiality of SSU-SDA for the exploitation of the vast reserves of heavy and extra heavy oils available in the world.
Coupled Reservoir and Geomechanical Modeling of Sand Production in Waterflooding of Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Nassir M. , Walters D. , Yale D. P. , Chivvis R. , Turak J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Optimizing the efficiency of the waterflood displacement process in heavy oils is critical to reaching the oil recovery goals. However, in the process of finding an economic and stable throughput for the process, in some cases significant sand production and generation of wormholes have resulted in premature water breakthrough and channelling destroying volumetric efficiency. In order to understand such events, a simulation study using a coupled reservoir and geomechanical simulator was used to determine the physics controlling the initiation and propagation of dilated zones resulting from sand production giving the premature breakthrough. An attempt was made to identify the importance of well configuration and what operating constraints can be altered to reduce the risk of these breakthrough events.
The complex physics of sand production during oil recovery requires it to be modeled as a coupled process: multiphase fluid flow causing transient pressure gradients and geomechanics to calculate the resultant stress variation, permeability enhancement and shear/tensile failure around the induced dilated zone and finally coupling failure criterion for the dilated zone propagation combining pressure gradient and effective stress. A force balance criterion calculates the threshold fluid pressure gradient for sand mobilization based on the effective confining stresses in each numerical element. The stress variation across the loosely supported sand body (damage zone) at the edge of a dilated zone is captured by an elasto-plastic constitutive model using a Mohr-Coulomb shear failure surface combined with softening of the Young's modulus.
The application of the coupled simulator in modeling waterflooding reveals critical insights regarding the significance of different factors contributing to the sand production problem. Multiphase flow, over vs. under-injection, and inter-well pressure gradient effects are critical to controlling the sand production initiation and evolution. Gas liberation below bubble point pressure conditions causes excessive pressure gradient and increases the possibility of sand production. The oil/water relative permeability impact emerges if the mixture mobility at a certain fraction is lower than the end points. As dilated zone geometry appears to follow the weakest zones often associated with high permeable layers; it highlights the significance of the reservoir heterogeneity in contributing to the sand production problem. The results of the current study add understanding to the significance of different mechanisms contributing to sand production and may be used to help mitigate the premature breakthrough problem observed in many waterflooding operations.
Optimized Solvent for Solvent Assisted-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SA-SAGD) Recovery Process
Authors: Khaledi Rahman , Boone Thomas J. , Motahhari Hamed Reza , Subramanian Ganesan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Solvent Assisted-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SA-SAGD) process is an enhancement to SAGD recovery technology. In this process a hydrocarbon solvent is injected simultaneously with steam to accelerate the oil production rate and reduce steam-to-oil ratio (SOR) compared to classical SAGD. SA-SAGD is a complex process; its physics and mechanisms are not fully understood. ExxonMobil and its affiliate Imperial Oil have been investigating SA-SAGD through an integrated research program that includes fundamental laboratory work, advanced numerical simulation studies, laboratory scaled physical modeling, and field piloting. This research program aims at in-depth understanding of process physics and mechanisms, evaluating process performance and behavior, and improving SA-SAGD recovery technology.
This paper focuses on SA-SAGD optimization and assessing the effects of operating conditions and solvent choice on the process performance. The complex solvent-steam phase behavior and their interaction under reservoir operating conditions are investigated in the current work. Phase behavior analysis shows that the solvent boiling range affects solvent-steam condensation temperature at the condensation and mixing front and consequently it affects the solvent effectiveness in terms of performance enhancement. The effect of phase behavior on SA-SAGD performance has been evaluated by analyzing experimental and simulation performance data. It is shown that the composition of injected fluid significantly affects the process performance. It is also shown that the solvent composition can be customized to improve SA-SAGD process performance under different operating conditions.