bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La représentation des identités francophones de l’Ouest canadien : illusion d’optique ou exemplarité?
Authors: Mocquais Pierre-Yves 
Published: February 2014

Au début des années quatre-vingt-dix, Radio-Canada (Saskatchewan) a produit une série de vingt-trois capsules télévisuelles dont l’objectif était de célébrer (et de donner à célébrer) la mémoire de vingt-trois familles qui ont contribué à donner à la communauté fransaskoise son identité actuelle. En novembre 2011, j’ai publié Histoire(s) de famille(s) : mémoire et construction identitaire en Fransaskoisie, ouvrage qui consiste en une analyse de ces vingt-trois récits de mémoire et de la manière dont une identité a pu être construite par leur diffusion. Dans un autre article, « Images (télévisuelles) d’“images-souvenirs“ », j’ai posé la question de savoir si une entreprise telle que ces capsules diffusées par Radio-Canada ne contribuait pas à la création d’une mémoire artificielle, et donc à son institutionalisation, la mémoire de vingt-trois familles se trouvant ainsi manipulée et réduite à un certain nombre de thèmes ou de traits communs, et mise au service d’une visée idéologique qui s’inscrirait elle-même dans le cadre de la vision institutionnelle du Canada. Cet article s’inscrit dans la lignée de cette vision. En m’appuyant sur les travaux de Todorov, de Ricoeur et de Méchoulan, je pose la question de savoir comment se forment les identités francophones de l’Ouest canadien et comment la recherche universitaire y joue un rôle central. Autrement dit, les identités francophones dans l’Ouest canadien sont-elles construites de toutes pièces par l’entremise de démarches institutionnelles?
« Traduttore, Traditore » ? La réception contextualisée des valeurs d’entreprise dans les filiales françaises et allemandes d’une entreprise multinationale américaine
Authors: Barmeyer Christoph I. , Davoine Eric 
Published: February 2014

Dans l’entreprise multinationale, les valeurs d’entreprise, instruments de la culture d’entreprise normative, sont « transférées » de la maison-mère vers les filiales pour partager un cadre de référence commun mais la signification de ces valeurs est en partie spécifique à la langue et au contexte dans lesquels elles sont formulées. Notre contribution présente le processus de réception et d’interprétation de valeurs d’entreprise de manière comparative dans les filiales françaises et allemandes d’une entreprise multinationale américaine. L’analyse comparée nous permet de mettre en évidence les interprétations différenciées des valeurs au sein des filiales ainsi que les éléments de la « recontextualisation » locale des valeurs.
Effet de la corruption sur la survie des filiales de multinationales dans un pays Émergent : le cas de l’Indonésie
Authors: Vial Virginie , Prévot Frédéric 
Published: February 2014

Dans cet article, nous analysons l’influence de la corruption sur la survie des filiales de multinationales dans un pays émergent en utilisant une approche permettant de prendre en considération le paiement effectif de pots-de-vin au niveau des firmes. Sur la base d’une étude de survie menée sur 3 483 filiales de multinationales en Indonésie sur une période de 33 ans, nous testons l’influence du paiement de pots-de-vin et de taxes indirectes. Les résultats montrent que la corruption a un effet modérateur sur le taux de mortalité des filiales étrangères récentes, mais cet effet disparait pour les plus anciennes.
L’influence du risque pays et de la distance culturelle sur les modes de présence et de contrôle des PME à l’étranger
Authors: Jean-Amans Carole , Abdellatif Mahamat 
Published: February 2014

Cette recherche vise à analyser l’influence du risque pays et de la distance culturelle sur les modes de présence et de contrôle des PME sur leurs filiales. Deux variables relatives à la stratégie d’implantation à l’étranger ont été retenues : le type d’implantation (filiale détenue à 100 % ou coentreprise internationale) et les pratiques d’expatriation. Pour conduire cette étude, une enquête en ligne a été menée par le biais d’une base de données entièrement élaborée et constituée de 2526 PME françaises implantées à l’étranger sous la forme de filiales. Notre contribution montre que le risque pays et la distance culturelle sont associés à la forme de la filiale implantée à l’étranger, mais n’influencent pas les pratiques d’expatriation mobilisées.
Water‐Dispersible, Ligand‐Free, and Extra‐Small (<10 nm) Titania Nanoparticles: Control Over Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Agglomeration Through a Modified “Non‐Aqueous” Route
Authors: Cadman Christopher J. , Pucci Andrea , Cellesi Francesco , Tirelli Nicola 
Published: February 2014

Non‐aqueous routes to inorganic nanoparticles are supposedly based on the absence of water; here, this view is partially challenged, showing that the presence of water (or moisture) is probably necessary, and is surely useful to achieve a precise control over the growth/aggregation phenomena leading to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. This study is focused on the preparation of size‐controlled and ligand‐free titania (anatase) nanoparticles in water dispersion. This is achieved through a three‐step process: 1) production of primary (3–4 nm) nanoparticles from titanium alkoxides (Ti(OnPr)4, Ti(OnBu)4 or Ti(OiPr)4) in benzyl alcohol through the controlled addition of water; 2) thermal growth phase, where the aggregation of primary nanoparticles at 80 °C leads to secondary nanoparticles with a typical fractal dimension of 2.2–2.4; the primary particles are still identifiable as the individual crystallites composing the secondary nanoparticles; 3) precipitation/re‐dispersion in water, where secondary nanoparticles further agglomerate to yield tertiary nanoparticles. The size of the latter and their photocatalytic efficiency is primarily controlled by the nature of residual alkoxide chains; in particular, isopropoxide groups allow to produce anatase nanoparticles with an average size of 7–8 nm in water dispersion and in the absence of any stabilizing ligand, which is an unprecedented result.
Impact of hospital Type II violent events: Use of psychotropic drugs and mental health services
Authors: Dement John M. , Lipscomb Hester J. , Schoenfisch Ashley L. , Pompeii Lisa A. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundWhile violence can adversely affect mental health of victims, repercussions of violence against workers is not as well characterized.Materials and MethodsWe explored relationships between workplace violent events perpetrated by patients or visitors (Type II) against hospital employees and the employee use of psychotropic medications or mental health services using a data system that linked violent events with health claims.ResultsSignificant associations were observed between reported Type II workplace violent events and employee prescription claims for anti‐depressants and anxiolytics combined (RR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.01–2.33) and anti‐depressants alone (RR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.10–2.48). No significant association between reported violent events and health claims for treatment of depression or anxiety was observed.ConclusionsType II violence experienced by hospital workers may lead to increased use of psychotropic drugs, particularly anti‐depressants but also anxiolytics. Our results suggest an important role of employee assistance programs in mitigating the psychological consequences of workplace violent events. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:627–639, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green tobacco sickness among tobacco farmers in southern Brazil
Authors: Fassa Anaclaudia G. , Faria Neice M.X. , Meucci Rodrigo D. , Fiori Nadia Spada , Miranda Vanessa Iribarrem , Facchini Luiz Augusto 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundDespite being the second largest tobacco producer in the world, Brazil does not have prevalence studies about green tobacco sickness (GTS).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out on a sample of Brazilian tobacco workers. The sample was described according to socio‐demographic, behavioral, and occupational variables. Gender‐stratified multivariate analyses examined variables associated with GTS.ResultsGTS prevalence among men in the previous month was 6.6%, while among women it was 11.9%. Among men, age, being a non‐smoker, hanging tobacco sticks in the barn, harvesting wet leaves, and exposure to physical exertion were risk factors for GTS. Among women, tying hands of tobacco, transporting bales, harvesting wet leaves, having had contact with pesticides, and exposure to physical exertion were positively associated with GTS.ConclusionResearch is required to improve methods for GTS screening, as well as the ability to distinguish GTS from pesticide poisoning. Health professionals should be trained to diagnose and treat GTS. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:726–735, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanism‐based selection of a potent kallikrein‐related peptidase 7 inhibitor from a versatile library based on the sunflower trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1
Authors: de Veer Simon J. , Ukolova Svetlana S. , Munro Christopher A. , Swedberg Joakim E. , Buckle Ashley M. , Harris Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPotent and specific enzyme inhibition is a key goal in the development of therapeutic inhibitors targeting proteolytic activity. The backbone‐cyclized peptide, Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor (SFTI‐1) affords a scaffold that can be engineered to achieve both these aims. SFTI‐1's mechanism of inhibition is unusual in that it shows fast‐on/slow‐off kinetics driven by cleavage and religation of a scissile bond. This phenomenon was used to select a nanomolar inhibitor of kallikrein‐related peptidase 7 (KLK7) from a versatile library of SFTI variants with diversity tailored to exploit distinctive surfaces present in the active site of serine proteases. Inhibitor selection was achieved through the use of size exclusion chromatography to separate protease/inhibitor complexes from unbound inhibitors followed by inhibitor identification according to molecular mass ascertained by mass spectrometry. This approach identified a single dominant inhibitor species with molecular weight of 1562.4 Da, which is consistent with the SFTI variant SFTI‐WCTF. Once synthesized individually this inhibitor showed an IC50 of 173.9 ± 7.6 nM against chromogenic substrates and could block protein proteolysis. Molecular modeling analysis suggested that selection of SFTI‐WCTF was driven by specific aromatic interactions and stabilized by an enhanced internal hydrogen bonding network. This approach provides a robust and rapid route to inhibitor selection and design. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 510–518, 2013.
Can Doppler study of the ovarian artery predict the fertility outcome of intrauterine insemination?
Authors: Giugliano Emilio , Cagnazzo Elisa , Giugliano Brunella , Vesce Fortunato , Caserta Donatella , Moscarini Massimo , Marci Roberto 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo test the velocimetric pattern of the ovarian artery as a routine ovarian reserve test.MethodsWe enrolled 317 consecutive patients from January 2011 to June 2012. At the second day of the menstrual cycle, a transvaginal ultrasound was performed to evaluate the antral follicle count and ovarian volume, and Doppler of both ovarian arteries was also performed. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed and the patients were divided in two groups according to the result of the intrauterine insemination: group A (nonpregnant women) and group B (pregnant women).ResultsOvarian velocimetric pattern was similar between the two groups. Follicle stimulating hormone value had a significant correlation with the ultrasound markers; however, the multiple regression linear analysis showed that the only independent variables were the antral follicle count (t = −2.74, p = 0.008) and the systolic/diastolic ratio (t = 3.95, p = 0.0005). The best parameters in predicting the pregnancy were the mean ovarian volume, total and partial antral follicle count between 7 and 10 mm, and the mean resistance index (area under the curve: 0.744, 0.671, 0.667, 0.573, respectively).ConclusionsThe Doppler study of the ovarian arteries did not add significant information about the ovarian reserve status. Only the mean resistance index had a significant diagnostic accuracy, but its specificity (53%) is too low to consider it a screening test. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:331–335, 2014
Infrared multiple‐photon dissociation spectroscopy of deprotonated 6‐hydroxynicotinic acid
Authors: van Stipdonk Michael J. , Kullman Michael J. , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALEHydroxynicotinic acids (2‐, 4‐, 5‐ and 6‐hydroxy) are widely used in the manufacture of industrial products, and hydroxypyridines are important model systems for study of the tautomerization of N‐heterocyclic compounds. Here we determined the gas‐phase structure of deprotonated 6‐hydroxynicotinic acid (6OHNic).METHODSAnions were generated by electrospray ionization, and isolated and stored in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Infrared (action) spectra were collected by monitoring photodissociation yield versus photon energy. Experimental spectra were then compared with those predicted by density functional theory (DFT) and second‐order Møller‐Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory calculations.RESULTSFor neutral 6OHNic, DFT and MP2 calculations strongly suggest that the 6‐pyridone tautomer is favored when solvent effects are included. The lowest energy isomer of deprotonated 6OHNic, in the aqueous or gas phase, is predicted to be the 6‐pyridone structure deprotonated by the carboxylic acid group.CONCLUSIONSThe deprotonated, 6‐pyridone structure is confirmed by comparison of the infrared multiple‐photon photodissociation (IRMPD) spectrum in the region of 1100–1900 cm–1 with those predicted using DFT and MP2 calculations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry of amoxicillin and ampicillin and their degradation products
Authors: Frański Rafał , Czerniel Joanna , Kowalska Marta , Frańska Magdalena 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALEDetailed analysis of the literature results on the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) fragmentation of amoxicillin and ampicillin, and their comparison with our results, have revealed some incorrect suggestions or incomplete interpretations of mass spectra of these compounds. Therefore, this paper contains a comprehensive discussion devoted to the ESI‐MS/MS of ampicillin and amoxicillin as well as their degradation products, namely products of hydrolysis and methanolysis.METHODSElectrospray ionization collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass (ESI‐CID‐MS/MS) spectra and accurate mass measurements were made on a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐tof) mass spectrometer. Hydrolysis of the antibiotics was performed by heating, for a few hours, their aqueous solutions adjusted to pH 10. Methanolysis of the antibiotics was performed by heating their methanol solutions for a few minutes. Additionally, mass spectra of isotope‐labeled compounds were also obtained.RESULTSA number of fragment ions, previously wrongly interpreted or not interpreted, have been rationalized. For example, formation of an abundant fragment at m/z 208 originating from the protonated amoxicillin molecule (ion [Amox + H]+) was previously rationalized as a result of breaking of two bonds of the β‐lactam ring. We found that this fragment ion had to be formed by the loss of ammonia and breaking of three bonds of the bicyclic system.CONCLUSIONSThe discussion presented enables a better understanding of the MS decompositions of amoxicillin and ampicillin as well as their degradation products. MS decomposition is used for the determinations of these compounds, when the so‐called multiple‐reaction monitoring is applied during liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI‐MS analysis. Thus, better understanding of MS decompositions of the above compounds seems to be important. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility assessment of a novel selective peptide derivatization strategy for sensitivity enhancement for the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry bioanalysis of protein therapeutics in serum
Authors: Yuan Long , Mai Anna , Aubry Anne‐Françoise , Arnold Mark E. , Ji Qin C. 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALESensitivity is one major challenge limiting the application of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for bioanalysis of proteins. A novel selective peptide derivatization (SPD) strategy was proposed to improve assay sensitivity. The main concept of the SPD strategy is to selectively derivatize surrogate peptides of the target protein in the digests, while not derivatizing the abundant background peptides, thereby improving the separation of target peptides during sample extraction and chromatography, and increasing the sensitivity. Additional benefits may help improve sensitivity include (1) increased ionization efficiency; (2) improved fragmentation pattern; and (3) increased sample extraction recovery of target peptides.METHODSFeasibility assessment of the SPD strategy was conducted using BMS‐986012, a monoclonal antibody, as the model protein, and with malondialdehyde (MDA) to selectively derivatize the arginine‐containing surrogate peptide SLIY in tryptic‐digested monkey serum samples.RESULTSThe decreased polarity and basicity of the MDA‐derivatized peptide SLIY (MDA‐SLIY) helped improve its separation from the background peptides during solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and chromatography. The recovery of MDA‐SLIY was 36.1–44.2%, which was ~3‐fold higher than the recovery of peptide SLIY (11.9–16.1%). There was no significant ion suppression for MDA‐SLIY. Overall, SPD improved the sensitivity ~5‐fold. SPD methodology was then successfully applied to the development of a sensitive LC/MS/MS assay for BMS‐986012 in monkey serum.CONCLUSIONSThis work demonstrates the feasibility of the SPD strategy for sensitivity enhancement. SPD can provide a simple, cost‐efficient, and antibody‐free sample preparation approach to improve sensitivity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope‐dilution mass spectrometric quantification of the prodrug lisdexamfetamine in human urine in doping control analysis
Authors: Thevis Mario , Sigmund Gerd , Thomas Andreas , Vogel Matthias , Walpurgis Katja , Kwiatkowska Dorota , Geyer Hans , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALETherapeutic approaches concerning attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly include the administration of drugs amplifying cerebral dopamine and norepinephrine signals. Among these, compounds belonging to the Prohibited List as established by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) are present such as amfetamine or methylphenidate, and abuse of these can result in sanctions for athletes. The recently approved therapeutic lisdexamfetamine represents a slow‐release prodrug of amfetamine for ADHD treatment. In order to support doping control laboratories in differentiating the abuse of amfetamine from a therapeutic administration of lisdexamfetamine, the determination of the prodrug from urine is desirable. Since approximately 2% of lisdexamfetamine are eliminated intact into urine, a liquid chromatography/high‐resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometric method was developed, allowing the target analyte and one of its metabolites (4‐hydroxyamfetamine sulfate) to be accurately quantified.METHODSUrine samples were fortified with fourfold deuterated lisdexamfetamine and analyzed directly using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) interfaced via electrospray ionization to a second‐generation quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometer. The assay was characterized concerning specificity, limits of quantification (0.15–5 ng/mL), intraday and interday imprecision (4–22%), accuracy (90–120%), linearity, and ion suppression/enhancement effects. A patient's urine samples were analyzed to provide proof‐of‐principle data demonstrating that the intact prodrug lisdexamfetamine is detectable in urine up to 11 h post‐administration at concentrations up to 80 ng/mL. Moreover, amfetamine and sulfoconjugated 4‐hydroxyamfetamine were measured, yielding up to 1146 and 56 ng/mL, respectively.CONCLUSIONSConsidering the observed comparably low urinary concentrations of lisdexamfetamine and 4‐hydroxyamfetamine sulfate, the preferred minimally labor‐intense sample preparation, and the necessity of fast and robust result generation, the employed instrumental setup proved fit‐for‐purpose in sports drug testing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual track time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for peptide quantification with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Bae Yong Jin , Moon Jeong Hee , Kim Myung Soo 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALEPreviously, we reported a method (Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 10332) for peptide quantification based on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). In the method, the peptide‐to‐matrix ion abundance ratio was utilized. Implementation of the method with a commercial MALDI‐TOF can be somewhat inconvenient because matrix‐derived ions are routinely deflected away to avoid detector saturation. A solution for this inconvenience is required.METHODSWe installed a detector to acquire the TOF spectrum of the ions thrown away to avoid detector saturation. By sending the matrix‐ and peptide‐derived ions along two different tracks and detecting them with different detectors, the inconvenience mentioned above could be avoided.RESULTSExcellent linearity of the calibration curves obtained by the dual track TOF spectrometry is demonstrated. The method also allows for the acquisition of the tandem mass spectrum of a selected peptide, which can be useful for its identification.CONCLUSIONSWe devised the dual track MALDI‐TOF MS method to avoid detector saturation and demonstrated that the quantification and identification of peptides can be performed simultaneously. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How does brain insulin resistance develop in Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: De Felice Fernanda G. , Lourenco Mychael V. , Ferreira Sergio T. 
Published: February 2014

Compelling preclinical and clinical evidence supports a pathophysiological connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes. Altered metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance are key pathological features of both diseases. For many years, it was generally considered that the brain was insensitive to insulin, but it is now accepted that this hormone has central neuromodulatory functions, including roles in learning and memory, that are impaired in AD. However, until recently, the molecular mechanisms accounting for brain insulin resistance in AD have remained elusive. Here, we review recent evidence that sheds light on how brain insulin dysfunction is initiated at a molecular level and why abnormal insulin signaling culminates in synaptic failure and memory decline. We also discuss the cellular basis underlying the beneficial effects of stimulation of brain insulin signaling on cognition. Discoveries summarized here provide pathophysiological background for identification of novel molecular targets and for development of alternative therapeutic approaches in AD.