bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exercise regimen prevents development paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy in a mouse model
Authors: Park Jae Sung , Kim Sangri , Hoke Ahmet 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is a major, dose‐limiting complication of many chemotherapeutic agents. Currently there is no effective method to prevent development of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Recent studies have shown that exercise can improve regeneration of peripheral nerves but its effect in preventing peripheral neuropathy is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of a rigorous treadmill exercise program that was started 1 week before administration of paclitaxel and continued throughout the study in a mouse model of CIPN. We showed that exercise can partially abrogate features of axonal degeneration induced by paclitaxel including reduction in epidermal nerve fiber density in the plantar hind paw and thermal hypoalgesia. Furthermore, detyrosinated tubulin that is elevated in nerves treated with paclitaxel was normal in exercised animals. This study points to a relatively simple and potentially effective therapeutic option to reduce the neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy.
The Downsides of Extreme Conscientiousness for Psychological Well‐being: The Role of Obsessive Compulsive Tendencies
Authors: Carter Nathan T. , Guan Li , Maples Jessica L. , Williamson Rachel L. , Miller Joshua D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough conscientiousness exhibits positive relations with psychological well‐being, theoretical and empirical work suggests individuals can be too conscientious, resulting in obsessive‐compulsiveness, and therein less positive individual outcomes. However, the potential for curvilinearity between conscientiousness and well‐being has been underexplored.We measured 912 subjects on facets of conscientiousness, obsessive‐compulsive personality, and well‐being variables (life satisfaction, job satisfaction, self‐esteem, positive affect, negative affect, work stress). Methods of scoring included traditional sum‐scoring, traditional item response theory (IRT), and a relatively new IRT approach. Structural models were estimated to evaluate curvilinearity.Results confirmed the curvilinear relationship between conscientiousness and well‐being, and demonstrated that differential facet‐level relationships underlie weaker curvilinearity at the general trait level. Consistency was found in the strength of relation between conscientiousness facets with their obsessive‐compulsive variants and their contribution to decreased well‐being. The most common association was that higher standing on conscientiousness facets was positively related to negative affect.Findings support the idea that extreme standing on facets of conscientiousness more strongly linked to their obsessive‐compulsive variants contributed to lower well‐being, highlighting the importance of considering alternative functional representations of the relationship between personality and other constructs. Future work should seek to further clarify the link between conscientiousness and negative affect.
Relationship between the dinoflagellate cyst Spiniferites pachydermus and Gonyaulax ellegaardiae sp. nov. from Izmir Bay, Turkey, and molecular characterization
Authors: Mertens Kenneth Neil , Aydin Hilal , Uzar Serdar , Takano Yoshihito , Yamaguchi Aika , Matsuoka Kazumi 
Published: April 2015

Here, we established the cyst‐motile stage relation‐ship for Spiniferites pachydermus through incubation of cysts with a characteristically microreticulate/perforate surface isolated from Izmir Bay in the eastern Aegean Sea of the eastern Mediterranean. The morphology of the motile stage was similar to Gonyaulax spinifera but had a different size, overhang, displacement and reticulations. Based on the distinct morphology of the cyst and morphological differences in motile cells, we assigned S. pachydermus from Izmir Bay to the new species Gonyaulax ellegaardiae. We elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of G. ellegaardiae through large and small subunit ribosomal DNA and show that it forms a clade with other species that belong to the G. spinifera complex.
Effect of the MC1R gene on sexual dimorphism in melanin‐based colorations
Authors: San‐Jose Luis M. , Ducrest Anne‐Lyse , Ducret Valérie , Béziers Paul , Simon Céline , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Roulin Alexandre 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVariants of the melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) gene result in abrupt, naturally selected colour morphs. These genetic variants may differentially affect sexual dimorphism if one morph is naturally selected in the two sexes but another morph is naturally or sexually selected only in one of the two sexes (e.g. to confer camouflage in reproductive females or confer mating advantage in males). Therefore, the balance between natural and sexual selections can differ between MC1R variants, as suggest studies showing interspecific correlations between sexual dimorphism and the rate of nonsynonymous vs. synonymous amino acid substitutions at the MC1R. Surprisingly, how MC1R is related to within‐species sexual dimorphism, and thereby to sex‐specific selection, has not yet been investigated. We tackled this issue in the barn owl (Tyto alba), a species showing pronounced variation in the degree of reddish pheomelanin‐based coloration and in the number and size of black feather spots. We found that a valine (V)‐to‐isoleucine (I) substitution at position 126 explains up to 30% of the variation in the three melanin‐based colour traits and in feather melanin content. Interestingly, MC1R genotypes also differed in the degree of sexual colour dimorphism, with individuals homozygous for the II MC1R variant being 2 times redder and 2.5 times less sexually dimorphic than homozygous individuals for the VV MC1R variant. These findings support that MC1R interacts with the expression of sexual dimorphism and suggest that a gene with major phenotypic effects and weakly influenced by variation in body condition can participate in sex‐specific selection processes.
How “Intuition” Exploded
Authors: Andow James 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecent decades have seen a surge in interest in metaphilosophy. In particular there has been an interest in philosophical methodology. Various questions have been asked about philosophical methods. Are our methods any good? Can we improve upon them? Prior to such evaluative and ameliorative concerns, however, is the matter of what methods philosophers actually use. Worryingly, our understanding of philosophical methodology is impoverished in various respects. This article considers one particular respect in which we seem to be missing an important part of the picture. While it is a received wisdom that the word “intuition” has exploded across analytic philosophy in recent decades, the article presents evidence that the explosion is apparent across a broad swathe of academia (and perhaps beyond). It notes various implications for current methodological debates about the role of intuitions in philosophy.
Latent transforming growth factor‐β binding proteins (LTBP‐1 and LTBP‐2) and gingiva keratinization
Authors: Chiang M‐S , Yang J‐R , Liao S‐C , Hsu C‐C , Hsu C‐W , Yuan K 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTransforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) proteins are involved in epithelial keratinization. The major function of latent TGF‐β binding proteins (LTBPs) is modulating TGF‐β activity. However, whether LTBP‐1 and LTBP‐2 play roles in gingiva keratinization remains unclear.Materials and MethodsHuman keratinized gingiva and non‐keratinized alveolar mucosa were processed for LTBP‐1, LTBP‐2, cytokeratin‐1 (K1), cytokeratin‐4 (K4), and TGF‐β immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Porcine heterotopically transplanted connective tissues and newly grown epithelia were harvested for IHC staining. The expression levels of LTBP‐1 and LTBP‐2 were compared between differentiated and undifferentiated human normal oral keratinocytes (hNOK). The expression of LTBP‐1 and LTBP‐2 was knocked down in a cell line (OEC‐M1) to evaluate the effects on the expression of K1, K4, and involucrin (INV).ResultsIn human and porcine specimens, LTBP‐2 expression patterns distinguished keratinized and non‐keratinized oral epithelia. Western blotting results showed that K1, LTBP‐1, and INV proteins were upregulated in differentiated hNOK. In OEC‐M1 cells, LTBP‐2 knockdown resulted in upregulated the expression of K1 and INV and downregulated the expression of K4. LTBP‐1 knockdown resulted in opposite effects.ConclusionThe expression patterns of LTBP‐2 differ in keratinized gingiva and non‐keratinized mucosa. LTBP‐1 and LTBP‐2 are involved in the keratinization of oral epithelium; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated.
Pain and Physical Functioning in Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties of Various Outcome Measures
Authors: Mehta Poonam , Claydon Leica S. , Hendrick Paul , Cook Chad , Baxter David G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionA range of outcome measures across various domains are used to evaluate change following an intervention in clinical trials on chronic neuropathic pain (NeP). However, to capture a real change in the variable of interest, the psychometric properties of a particular measure should demonstrate appropriate methodological quality. Various outcome measures in the domains of pain and physical functioning have been used in the literature for NeP, for which individual properties (eg, reliability/validity) have been reported. To date, there is no definitive synthesis of evidence on the psychometric properties of those outcome measures; thus, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the methodological quality [COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines] of studies that evaluated psychometric properties of pain and physical functioning outcome measures used for NeP.MethodsSpecific MeSH/keywords related to 3 areas (pain and/or physical functioning, psychometric properties, and NeP) were used to retrieve relevant studies (English language) in key electronic databases (MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, AMED, and Web of Science) from database inception—July 2012. Articles retrieval/screening and quality analysis (COSMIN) were carried out by 2 independent reviewers.ResultsTwenty‐four pain and thirty‐seven physical functioning outcome measures were identified, varying in methodological quality from poor–excellent.ConclusionAlthough a variety of pain and physical functioning outcome measures have been reported in the literature, few have demonstrate methodologically strong psychometric properties. Thus, future research is required to further investigate the psychometric properties of existing pain and physical functioning outcome measures used for clinical and research purposes.
The Visual Field in Russell and Wittgenstein
Authors: O'Sullivan Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBertrand Russell developed a conception of the nature of the visual field, and of other sensory fields, as part of his project of explaining the construction of the external world. Wittgenstein's remarks on the visual field in the Tractatus are in part a response to Russell. Wittgenstein, against Russell, analyses the visual field in terms of facts rather than objects. Further, his conception of the field is, in a distinctive sense, depsychologised.
Snow cover has variable effects on persistence of fungicides and their suppression of microdochium patch on amenity turfgrass
Authors: Koch P. L. , Stier J. C. , Kerns J. P. 
Published: April 2015

Fungicides applied to turfgrass in temperate climates prior to snowfall are expected to suppress fungal diseases such as microdochium patch (Microdochium nivale) until infection conditions become unfavourable the following spring. However, mild winters with inconsistent snow cover may alter fungicide persistence and render the turf more susceptible to fungal infection. This study was conducted to determine the effect of snow cover on the persistence of the fungicides chlorothalonil and iprodione applied to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), maintained as a golf course fairway. The fungicides were applied 1 day prior to the first accumulating snowfall in Madison, Wisconsin, for four consecutive winters, beginning in 2009/10. Fungicide treatments were kept under continuous snow cover or maintained free of snow cover the entire winter to determine the effect of snow cover on fungicide persistence (2010/11 to 2012/13) and microdochium patch development in a controlled environment chamber (2009/10 to 2012/13). Iprodione concentration was not impacted by snow cover in 2010/11 but was reduced under snow cover relative to bare turf in 2011/12 and 2012/13. Chlorothalonil concentration was not impacted by snow cover in 2011/12 but was greater under snow cover in 2012/13. Microdochium patch severity in the controlled environment chamber was not impacted by snow cover with either fungicide in 2009/10 or 2011/12 but was slightly reduced under snow cover with both fungicides during 2010/11 and 2012/13. The majority of fungicide depletion occurred shortly after rainfall or snowmelt events, except in 2010/11 when both fungicides rapidly depleted during a warming trend without rainfall.
Isolation, production and in vitro effects of the major secondary metabolite produced by Trichoderma species used for the control of grapevine trunk diseases
Authors: Mutawila C. , Vinale F. , Halleen F. , Lorito M. , Mostert L. 
Published: April 2015

Antibiosis has been shown to be an important mode of action by Trichoderma species used in the protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by trunk pathogens. The major active compound from Trichoderma isolates known to protect grapevine pruning wounds from trunk pathogen infection was isolated and identified. The compound, a 6‐pentyl‐α‐pyrone (6PP), was found to be the major secondary metabolite, by quantity, which accumulated in the culture filtrate of T. harzianum isolate T77 and the two T. atroviride isolates UST1 and UST2. Benzimidazole resistant mutants generated from these isolates also produced 6PP as their main secondary metabolite, except for a mutant of T77 that had lost its ability to produce 6PP. The isolates UST1 and UST2 were co‐cultured with the grapevine trunk pathogens Eutypa lata and Neofusicoccum parvum in a minimal defined medium and a grapevine cane‐based medium (GCBM). Co‐culturing UST1 with N. parvum induced 6PP production in the minimal defined medium and the GCBM. The production of 6PP by UST2 was induced in the GCBM, while co‐culturing with the two trunk pathogens either reduced or had no effect on 6PP production. Mycelial growth and ascospore/conidia germination of E. lata, N. australe, N. parvum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were inhibited by 6PP in a concentration‐dependent manner. The results show that the presence of N. parvum and grapevine wood elicits the production of 6PP, suggesting that this metabolite is involved in Trichoderma–pathogen interactions on grapevine pruning wounds.
Genetic Polymorphisms in the Toll‐like Receptor 10, Interleukin (IL)17A and IL17F Genes Differently Affect the Risk for Tuberculosis in Croatian Population
Authors: Bulat‐Kardum L. J. , Etokebe G. E. , Lederer P. , Balen S. , Dembic Z. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractProinflammatory conditions leading to activation of macrophages via interferon‐γ bear an important role in host defence against intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt). Interleukin‐17 plays a similar role, as it appears to be also an activator of macrophages. Recently, the TLR‐10 was identified as an anti‐inflammatory factor that exerts its action via association with the TLR‐2 chain at the cell surface of macrophages, the latter being an Mt‐binding protein. We have previously found that gene polymorphisms that either inactivate the TLR2 gene product or have a dominant‐negative role are associated with tuberculosis (TB) in Croatian population. We have now extended our survey and found that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TLR10 (rs11096957) is associated with risk for TB. Homozygotes carrying the A allele are associated with predisposition to disease as analysed by the dominant model of inheritance. In contrast, SNPs in the proinflammatory IL17A and IL17F genes (rs2275913 and rs763780, respectively), found previously to correlate with the disease occurrence in Chinese population, were not significantly associated with tuberculosis in the Croatian population.
Epitope‐based peptide vaccine design and target site depiction against Ebola viruses: an immunoinformatics study
Authors: Khan M. A. , Hossain M. U. , Rakib‐Uz‐Zaman S. M. , Morshed M. N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEbola viruses (EBOVs) have been identified as an emerging threat in recent year as it causes severe haemorrhagic fever in human. Epitope‐based vaccine design for EBOVs remains a top priority because a mere progress has been made in this regard. Another reason is the lack of antiviral drug and licensed vaccine although there is a severe outbreak in Central Africa. In this study, we aimed to design an epitope‐based vaccine that can trigger a significant immune response as well as to prognosticate inhibitor that can bind with potential drug target sites using various immunoinformatics and docking simulation tools. The capacity to induce both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity by T cell and B cell was checked for the selected protein. The peptide region spanning 9 amino acids from 42 to 50 and the sequence TLASIGTAF were found as the most potential B and T cell epitopes, respectively. This peptide could interact with 12 HLAs and showed high population coverage up to 80.99%. Using molecular docking, the epitope was further appraised for binding against HLA molecules to verify the binding cleft interaction. In addition with this, the allergenicity of the epitopes was also evaluated. In the post‐therapeutic strategy, docking study of predicted 3D structure identified suitable therapeutic inhibitor against targeted protein. However, this computational epitope‐based peptide vaccine designing and target site prediction against EBOVs open up a new horizon which may be the prospective way in Ebola viruses research; the results require validation by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Diversification of the celiac disease α‐gliadin complex in wheat: a 33‐mer peptide with six overlapping epitopes, evolved following polyploidization
Authors: Ozuna Carmen V. , Iehisa Julio C. M. , Giménez María J. , Alvarez Juan B. , Sousa Carolina , Barro Francisco 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe gluten proteins from wheat, barley and rye are responsible both for celiac disease (CD) and for non‐celiac gluten sensitivity, two pathologies affecting up to 6–8% of the human population worldwide. The wheat α‐gliadin proteins contain three major CD immunogenic peptides: p31–43, which induces the innate immune response; the 33‐mer, formed by six overlapping copies of three highly stimulatory epitopes; and an additional DQ2.5‐glia‐α3 epitope which partially overlaps with the 33‐mer. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing of α‐gliadin genes from diploid and polyploid wheat provided six types of α‐gliadins (named 1–6) with strong differences in their frequencies in diploid and polyploid wheat, and in the presence and abundance of these CD immunogenic peptides. Immunogenic variants of the p31–43 peptide were found in most of the α‐gliadins. Variants of the DQ2.5‐glia‐α3 epitope were associated with specific types of α‐gliadins. Remarkably, only type 1 α‐gliadins contained 33‐mer epitopes. Moreover, the full immunodominant 33‐mer fragment was only present in hexaploid wheat at low abundance, probably as the result of allohexaploidization events from subtype 1.2 α‐gliadins found only in Aegilops tauschii, the D‐genome donor of hexaploid wheat. Type 3 α‐gliadins seem to be the ancestral type as they are found in most of the α‐gliadin‐expressing Triticeae species. These findings are important for reducing the incidence of CD by the breeding/selection of wheat varieties with low stimulatory capacity of T cells. Moreover, advanced genome‐editing techniques (TALENs, CRISPR) will be easier to implement on the small group of α‐gliadins containing only immunogenic peptides.
Assessment of cell viability, early apoptosis, and hematopoietic potential in umbilical cord blood units after storage
Authors: Kim Kyeong Mi , Huh Ji Young , Hong Sang Sook , Kang Myung Seo 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDSuccessful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using stored umbilical cord blood (CB) largely depends on cell dose and quality of CB units. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of early apoptosis, in addition to cell viability and hematopoietic potential, in umbilical CB units after storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSixty CB units that had been cryopreserved for up to 8 years in a single public CB bank were investigated. After the CB units were thawed, cell viability and early apoptosis of total nucleated cells (TNCs), mononuclear cells (MNCs), and CD34+ cells were determined using flow cytometric method based on 7‐aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD) and annexin V staining. Next, clonogenic assays to predict graft potency were performed.RESULTSPostthawing cell viability values determined by 7‐AAD were as follows: TNCs, 78.8% ± 5.8%; MNCs, 88.4% ± 5.8%; and CD34+ cells, 94.1% ± 3.2%. Cell viability values using 7‐AAD and annexin V dual staining were as follows: TNCs, 71.2% ± 11.3%; MNCs, 83.1% ± 7.0%; and CD34+ cells, 88.8% ± 6.0%. Early apoptotic cells (7‐AAD‐negative and annexin V‐positive cells) in TNCs, MNCs, and CD34+ cells were 6.4% ± 3.5%, 5.4% ± 3.1%, and 5.3% ± 4.1%, respectively. The corrected colony‐forming unit–granulocyte‐macrophage content per 100 CD34+ cells was 67.5 ± 48.7.CONCLUSIONSPostthawing cell viability determined by flow cytometric methods was in the following order: TNCs < MNCs < CD34+ cells. CD34+ cell viability was nearly identical to that of fresh CB 48 hours after collection. Necrosis or apoptosis in cryopreserved CB units did not accelerate during storage.
Evaluation of the risks of chemotherapy in dogs with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Finlay J. , Wyatt K. , Black M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThrombocytopenia is commonly encountered in veterinary oncology. Currently, there are no standard guidelines regarding the administration of chemotherapy to the patients with thrombocytopenia. This observational epidemiological cohort study aimed to determine whether thrombocytopenic dogs were at increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects (vomiting, diarrhoea, inappetence) or haemorrhage following administration of standard doses of chemotherapy. The adverse effects following 77 prospectively identified episodes of thrombocytopenia (platelet count, <200 000 µL−1) were compared with the adverse effects experienced in a retrospective cohort (platelet count >200 000 µL−1), and evaluated by statistical analysis. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects or haemorrhage between thrombocytopenic and control dogs. The control group of dogs with lymphoma were statistically more likely to experience vomiting as an adverse effect of chemotherapy (P = 0.028). The results presented here showed no evidence for an increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects or haemorrhage in thrombocytopenic dogs after receiving standard doses of chemotherapy.