bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency nurses’ perceptions of the role of confidence, self‐efficacy and reflexivity in managing the cognitively impaired older person in pain
Authors: Fry Margaret , MacGregor Casimir , Hyland Simone , Payne Barbara , Chenoweth Lynn 
Published: February 2015

Aims and objectivesThe study aimed to explore the practice of care among emergency nurses caring for older persons with cognitive impairment and who presented in pain from a long bone fracture, to highlight nurse confidence and self‐efficacy in practice.BackgroundCognitive impairment is an issue increasingly facing emergency departments. Older persons with cognitive impairment have complex care needs, requiring effective clinical decision‐making and provision of care. Nurse confidence and self‐efficacy are critical to meeting the necessary standards of care for this vulnerable patient group.DesignA multi‐centre study.MethodsThe study was undertaken across four emergency departments in Sydney, Australia. Sixteen focus group discussions were conducted with 80 emergency departments of nurses.ResultsFour main themes emerged: confidence and self‐efficacy through experience; confidence and self‐efficacy as a balancing act; confidence and self‐efficacy as practice; and confidence and self‐efficacy and interpersonal relations.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that confidence, self‐efficacy and reflexivity enabled the delivery of appropriate, timely and compassionate care. Further, confidence and self‐efficacy within nursing praxis relied on clinical experience and reflective learning and was crucial to skill and knowledge acquisition.Relevance to clinical practiceOur research suggests that confidence, self‐efficacy and reflexivity need to be developed and valued in nurses' careers to better meet the needs of complex older persons encountered within everyday practice.
Clinical validity of a relocation stress scale for the families of patients transferred from intensive care units
Authors: Oh HyunSoo , Lee Seul , Kim JiSun , Lee EunJu , Min HyoNam , Cho OkJa , Seo WhaSook 
Published: February 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study was conducted to develop a family relocation stress scale by modifying the Son's Relocation Stress Syndrome Scale, to examine its clinical validity and reliability and to confirm its suitability for measuring family relocation stress.BackgroundThe transfer of ICU patients to general wards is a significant anxiety‐producing event for family members. However, no relocation stress scale has been developed specifically for families.DesignA nonexperimental, correlation design was adopted.MethodsThe study subjects were 95 family members of 95 ICU patients at a university hospital located in Incheon, South Korea. Face and construct validities of the devised family relocation stress scale were examined. Construct validity was examined using factor analysis and by using a nomological validity test. Reliability was also examined.ResultsFace and content validity of the scale were verified by confirming that its items adequately measured family relocation stress. Factor analysis yielded four components, and the total variance explained by these four components was 63·0%, which is acceptable. Nomological validity was well supported by significant relationships between relocation stress and degree of preparation for relocation, patient self‐care ability, family burden and satisfaction with the relocation process. The devised scale was also found to have good reliability.ConclusionsThe family relocation stress scale devised in this study was found to have good validity and reliability, and thus, is believed to offer a means of assessing family relocation stress.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study provide a reliable and valid assessment tool when nurses prepare families for patient transfer from an ICU to a ward setting, and may also provide useful information to those developing an intervention programme for family relocation stress management.
Consumer Attitudes Toward Texture and Other Food Attributes
Authors: Luckett Curtis R. , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study aims to examine the current attitudes of North American consumers toward food attributes, focusing on the effect of gender and age. A total of 337 participants were asked to list the first three words that come to mind when each image/name of 32 different foods was presented. The responses were grouped into seven main categories: “food attribute,” “menu uses,” “type,” “personal preference,” “health and nutrition,” “regional origin” and “others” and subsequent subcategories. The frequencies of answers for each category were compared by gender and age group. Texture‐ and flavor‐related responses became less common as age increased. Conversely, “health and nutrition” responses became more common with increasing age. In addition, male participants were more likely to give color, flavor and food brand‐related responses, while female participants were more likely to list texture, form/temperature and personal preference‐related words. Furthermore, this study shows the changes in consumer attitudes toward foods for the last several decades.Practical ApplicationsLittle is known on how food attitudes change with age. The changes in food perception that accompany aging are well documented. However, the extent these changes lead to altered attitudes toward food has not been examined. In addition, for approximately 50 years, the food industry has been operating on the same information regarding the importance of texture and other food attributes to consumers. During this period, many changes in demographics and cuisine have occurred, yet we do not know how these have affected consumer attitude toward foods. This study gives insight into changes in consumer attitudes toward foods since the 1960s and 1970s, as well as changes associated with aging for food scientists, food processors and business marketers.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of amoxicillin for the calf pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Lees P. , Pelligand L. , Illambas J. , Potter T. , Lacroix M. , Rycroft A. , Toutain P.‐L. 
Published: February 2015

The antimicrobial properties of amoxicillin were determined for the bovine respiratory tract pathogens, Mannheima haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time‐kill curves were established. Pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling of the time‐kill data, based on the sigmoidal Emax equation, generated parameters for three levels of efficacy, namely bacteriostatic, bactericidal (3log10 reduction) and 4log10 reduction in bacterial counts. For these levels, mean AUC(0–24 h)/MIC serum values for M. haemolytica were 29.1, 57.3 and 71.5 h, respectively, and corresponding values for P. multocida were 28.1, 44.9 and 59.5 h. Amoxicillin PK was determined in calf serum, inflamed (exudate) and noninflamed (transudate) tissue cage fluids, after intramuscular administration of a depot formulation at a dosage of 15 mg/kg. Mean residence times were 16.5 (serum), 29.6 (exudate) and 29.0 h (transudate). Based on serum MICs, integration of in vivo PK and in vitro PD data established maximum concentration (Cmax)/MIC ratios of 13.9:1 and 25.2:1, area under concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞)/MIC ratios of 179 and 325 h and T>MIC of 40.3 and 57.6 h for P. multocida and M. haemolytica, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations for a 90% target attainment rate predicted single dose to achieve bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions over 48 h of 17.7 and 28.3 mg/kg (M. haemolytica) and 17.7 and 34.9 mg/kg (P. multocida).
Recovering the Recovering Liver Graft
Authors: Chan See Ching 
Published: February 2015

The shortage of liver grafts from deceased donors is universal. A deceased‐donor whole liver from an otherwise healthy brain‐dead donor is ideal for transplantation. This situation however is very uncommon since deceased donors often have comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, or multiple injuries. On the occasion when a whole liver with excellent function is available for transplantation, splitting it into two grafts for two recipients is often done in order to maximize utilization.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Relationship between Health Literacy and Kidney Function
Authors: Devraj Radhika , Borrego Matthew , Vilay A Mary , Gordon Elisa J. , Pailden Junvie , Horowitz Bruce 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimLow health literacy (HL) may contribute to poor self‐management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and poor kidney function. This study aimed to assess the relationship between HL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted among consecutive eligible adult patients with CKD stages 1–4 attending an outpatient nephrology clinic. HL was assessed using Newest Vital Sign (NVS). eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD self‐management behaviour knowledge was assessed using a study instrument (CKD self‐management knowledge (SMKT)).ResultsOne hundred fifty patients participated in the study (83% participation rate). The prevalence of high likelihood of limited HL was 32.7%. Participants' eGFRs ranged from 17 to 152 mL/min / 1.73 m2, with over 80% of the eGFRs below 60 mL/min / 1.73 m2. HL was associated with eGFR after controlling for all demographics except age, race and gender (which are included in eGFR equation) (P = 0.05). Every unit increase in NVS score was associated with a 1.9% increase (95% confidence interval = 0 to 3.86%) in eGFR (model R square = 0.23, P = 0.002), which remained significant after controlling for CKD‐SMKT (P = 0.05; model R square = 0.28, P < 0.001). The relationship was non‐significant after controlling for age, although it remained significant after controlling for other demographics including gender and race.ConclusionsThere is a small but significant association between HL and eGFR. Providers should use HL‐tailored communication strategies in CKD patients. Larger multicentre studies are needed to substantiate this relationship.
Luciferin‐Regenerating Enzyme Mediates Firefly Luciferase Activation Through Direct Effects of D‐Cysteine on Luciferase Structure and Activity
Authors: Hemmati Roohullah , Hosseinkhani Saman , Sajedi Reza H. , Azad Taha , Tashakor Amin , Bakhtiari Nuredin , Ataei Farangis 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLuciferin‐regenerating enzyme (LRE) contributes to in vitro recycling of D‐luciferin. In this study, reinvestigation of the luciferase‐based LRE assay is reported. Here, using quick change site‐directed mutagenesis seven T‐LRE (Lampyris turkestanicusLRE) mutants were constructed and the most functional mutant of T‐LRE (T69R) was selected for this research and the effects of D‐ and L‐cysteine on T69R T‐LRE‐luciferase‐coupled assay are examined. Our results demonstrate that bioluminescent signal of T69R T‐LRE‐luciferase‐coupled assay increases and then reach equilibrium state in the presence of 5 mm D‐cysteine. In addition, results reveal that 5 mm D‐ and L‐cysteine in the absence of T69R T‐LRE cause a significant increase in bioluminescence intensity of luciferase over a long time as well as decrease in decay rate. Based on activity measurements, far‐UV CD analysis, ANS fluorescence and DLS (Dynamic light scattering) results, D‐cysteine increases the activity of luciferase due to weak redox potential, antiaggregatory effects, induction of changes in conformational structure and kinetics properties. In conclusion, in spite of previous reports on the effect of LRE on luciferase bioluminescent intensity, the majority of increase in luciferase light output and time‐course originate from the direct effects of D‐cysteine on structure and activity of firefly luciferase.
Potential of Ypt1 and ITS gene regions for the detection of Phytophthora species in a lab‐on‐a‐chip DNA hybridization array
Authors: König S. , Schwenkbier L. , Pollok S. , Riedel M. , Wagner S. , Popp J. , Weber K. , Werres S. 
Published: February 2015

A novel DNA‐chip hybridization assay that uses the ras‐related GTP‐binding protein 1 gene (Ypt1) was developed for the identification of several devastating Phytophthora species. The hybridization was conducted in a portable microfluidic lab‐on‐a‐chip device for fast and accurate detection of 40 Phytophthora, two Pythium and one Phytopythium species. Moreover, the functionality of the Ypt1 region was examined in comparison to an array for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region by in silico modelling. The difference in species‐specific capture probe sequences was lower for the ITS than for the Ypt1 region. While ITS‐probes of Phytophthora ramorum, Phytophthora fragariae and Phytophthora lateralis cross‐reacted with up to 11 non‐target species, Ypt1‐probes were specific except for P. fragariae/Phytophthora rubi. First analyses of artificially inoculated Rhododendron leaves successfully demonstrated the usability of the respective capture probes for the Ypt1 and the ras‐related plant protein Rab1a gene region. The on‐chip hybridization enabled the detection of up to 1 pg μL−1 target DNA depending on the species examined. Due to the complementarity of ITS and Ypt1 genetic features, the use of multiple loci is recommended to identify targets of different taxonomic rank.
Computer‐aided analysis with Image J for quantitatively assessing psoriatic lesion area
Authors: Sun Z. , Wang Y. , Ji S. , Wang K. , Zhao Y. 
Published: February 2015

Background/aimsBody surface area is important in determining the severity of psoriasis. However, objective, reliable, and practical method is still in need for this purpose. We performed a computer image analysis (CIA) of psoriatic area using the image J freeware to determine whether this method could be used for objective evaluation of psoriatic area.MethodsFifteen psoriasis patients were randomized to be treated with adalimumab or placebo in a clinical trial. At each visit, the psoriasis area of each body site was estimated by two physicians (E‐method), and standard photographs were taken. The psoriasis area in the pictures was assessed with CIA using semi‐automatic threshold selection (T‐method), or manual selection (M‐method, gold standard). The results assessed by the three methods were analyzed with reliability and affecting factors evaluated.ResultsBoth T‐ and E‐method correlated strongly with M‐method, and T‐method had a slightly stronger correlation with M‐method. Both T‐ and E‐methods had a good consistency between the evaluators. All the three methods were able to detect the change in the psoriatic area after treatment, while the E‐method tends to overestimate.ConclusionThe CIA with image J freeware is reliable and practicable in quantitatively assessing the lesional of psoriasis area.
Crop rotation and seasonal effects on fatty acid profiles of neutral and phospholipids extracted from no‐till agricultural soils
Authors: Ferrari A. E. , Ravnskov S. , Larsen J. , Tønnersen T. , Maronna R. A. , Wall L. G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAnalysis of phospholipids (PLFA) and neutral lipids fatty acids (NLFA) was used to characterize no‐till productive agricultural soils associated with different crop rotation levels, replicated across a 400 km transect in the Argentinean pampas, during two sampling seasons, summer and winter. High rotation (HR) management consisted in maize–wheat–soybean intense rotation including cover crops. Low rotation (LR) management trend to soybean monocultures. Soils from nearby natural environments (NEs) were used as references. Fatty acids concentration in soils (nmol/g) decreased c.a. 50% from summer to winter differentially according to soil treatment being the smallest decrease in HR management 35%. Both PLFA and NLFA profiles showed strong potential to discriminate between different land uses. In winter samples, some rare or unknown fatty acids were relevant for the discrimination of agricultural practices while NLFA 20:0 appears to be a good marker of HR soils despite season or location. The PLFA‐based taxonomic biomarkers for total bacteria, Gram‐negative bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza showed a significant trend NE>HR>LR in the winter sampling. HR management was also characterized by high levels of NLFA in winter samples as if high crop rotation improves lipids reserves in soil during winter more than in monocropping soil management. In conclusion, PLFA and particularly NLFA profiles appear to provide useful and complementary information to obtain a footprint of different soil use and managements, improving soil biochemistry characterization tools.
Effects of habitat transition on the evolutionary patterns of the microgastropod genusPseudamnicola(Mollusca, Hydrobiidae)
Authors: Delicado Diana , Machordom Annie , Ramos Marian A. 
Published: February 2015

Molecular phylogenies of extant species are considered effective tools to infer mechanisms of speciation. Here, we benefit from this utility to investigate the evolutionary history of an organismal group linked to different aquatic ecosystems, the microgastropod genusPseudamnicola(family Hydrobiidae). Previous studies have found around 45 species of the nominal subgenusP. (Pseudamnicola), most of them in coastal stream localities of several Mediterranean islands and mainland territories, whereas only 12 species of the other subgenus,P. (Corrosella), have been collected from springs and headwaters of mountainous regions of the Iberian Peninsula and south of France. As springs often act as isolated habitats affecting dispersion and constraining gene flow, we supposed that the temporal history and mode of diversification of species from both subgenera should differ and therefore be reflected in their phylogenetic patterns. To assess this hypothesis, we performed a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclearDNAsequences and later conducted an independent analysis to examine the potential effect of certain geographic and ecological variables in the genetic divergences of the subgenera. Additionally, we estimated the ancestral area of diversification of both groups. Published anatomical revisions and our molecular analyses suggest that the genusPseudamnicolashould be divided into three genera: the two previous subgenera plus a new one described here. As postulated, the evolution of the spring organisms was strongly related to habitat fragmentation and isolation, whereas dispersal followed by divergence seem to have been the most common speciation processes for euryhaline species inhabiting coastal streams and low river stages in which waters remain connected. On the contrary, rather than habitat fragmentation or dispersion, environmental conditions have played a larger role during the deep divergent split leading to the three genera.
BGG reciprocity for current algebras
Authors: Chari Vyjayanthi , Ion Bogdan 
Published: February 2015

In Bennett et al. [BGG reciprocity for current algebras, Adv. Math. 231 (2012), 276–305] it was conjectured that a BGG-type reciprocity holds for the category of graded representations with finite-dimensional graded components for the current algebra associated to a simple Lie algebra. We associate a current algebra to any indecomposable affine Lie algebra and show that, in this generality, the BGG reciprocity is true for the corresponding category of representations.
Variability and Predictability of West African Droughts: A Review on the Role of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Rodríguez-Fonseca Belen , Mohino Elsa , Mechoso Carlos R. , Caminade Cyril , Biasutti Michela , Gaetani Marco , Garcia-Serrano J. , Vizy Edward K. , Cook Kerry , Xue Yongkang , Polo Irene , Losada Teresa , Druyan Leonard , Fontaine Bernard , Bader Juergen , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. , Goddard Lisa , Janicot Serge , Arribas Alberto , Lau William , Colman Andrew , Vellinga M. , Rowell David P. , Kucharski Fred , Voldoire Aurore 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Sahel experienced a severe drought during the 1970s and 1980s after wet periods in the 1950s and 1960s. Although rainfall partially recovered since the 1990s, the drought had devastating impacts on society. Most studies agree that this dry period resulted primarily from remote effects of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies amplified by local land surface–atmosphere interactions. This paper reviews advances made during the last decade to better understand the impact of global SST variability on West African rainfall at interannual to decadal time scales. At interannual time scales, a warming of the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific/Indian Oceans results in rainfall reduction over the Sahel, and positive SST anomalies over the Mediterranean Sea tend to be associated with increased rainfall. At decadal time scales, warming over the tropics leads to drought over the Sahel, whereas warming over the North Atlantic promotes increased rainfall. Prediction systems have evolved from seasonal to decadal forecasting. The agreement among future projections has improved from CMIP3 to CMIP5, with a general tendency for slightly wetter conditions over the central part of the Sahel, drier conditions over the western part, and a delay in the monsoon onset. The role of the Indian Ocean, the stationarity of teleconnections, the determination of the leader ocean basin in driving decadal variability, the anthropogenic role, the reduction of the model rainfall spread, and the improvement of some model components are among the most important remaining questions that continue to be the focus of current international projects.
Mass Footprints of the North Pacific Atmospheric Blocking Highs
Authors: Park Tae-Won , Deng Yi , Li Wenhong , Yang Song , Cai Ming 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The mass footprints associated with atmospheric blocks over the North Pacific are evaluated by constructing daily tendencies of total mass over the blocking domain from three-dimensional mass fluxes throughout the life cycle of a composite blocking event. The results highlight the major role of mass convergence driven by low-frequency (with periods &gt;1 week) atmospheric disturbances during both the development and decay stage of a block. Specifically, low-frequency eddies are responsible for the accelerated mass buildup 4 days prior to the peak intensity of a block, and they also account for the rapid mass loss afterward. High-frequency, subweekly scale disturbances have statistically significant positive contributions to the mass loss during the decay stage, and also show weak negative contributions to the development of the blocking high prior to the peak of the high. The majority of the mass convergence (divergence) responsible for the intensification (decay) of the blocking high occurs in the middle-to-lower troposphere and is largely attributed to mass flux driven by low-frequency meridional (zonal) winds. Also discussed are the implications of this new mass perspective of atmospheric blocks for understanding dynamics of blocking highs and for model bias detection and attribution.