bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and development of corporate and sovereign CDS
Authors: Bannier Christina E. , Heidorn Thomas , Vogel Heinz-Dieter 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to provide an overview of the market for corporate and sovereign credit default swaps (CDS), with particular focus on Europe. It studies whether the subprime crisis of 2007/2008 and, particularly, the European debt crisis 2009/2010 led to a differential development on corporate and sovereign CDS markets and investigates the primary use (speculative risk-trading or risk-hedging) of the two markets in recent years.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use aggregate market data on the size of the respective markets and on the structure of market participants and their changes over time to assess the main research question. They enhance existing data from public sources such as the Bank for International Settlements and Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation with their own statistics on European sovereign CDS and combine their conclusions with observations regarding standardisation efforts and regulatory changes in the CDS market.Findings– The authors show that after the subprime crisis 2007/2008 and the European debt crisis 2009/2010, the corporate and sovereign CDS markets developed quite differently. They provide evidence that since mid-2010, market participants started to use the sovereign CDS market more strongly for speculative purposes than for risk-hedging. This shows both in the shift of risk-quality of sovereign CDS contracts and in the changing structure of market participants. The ongoing standardisation and regulation in the CDS market – leading to further increases in transparency and reductions in transaction costs – may be expected to trigger a similar change also for corporate CDS.Originality/value– Based on a broad variety of market infrastructure data, the authors show a diverging development of corporate and sovereign CDS markets in Europe in recent years. Particularly the sovereign CDS market appears to have shifted from a risk-hedging instrument to being used more strongly for speculative risk-trading. The authors combine their findings with recent regulatory action and market standardisation schemes and draw conclusions for the future development of CDS markets.
A window into Eve Online
Authors: Steinke Adam , Millage Phil 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study Eve Online. Most people use their computers to surf the Web, check e-mails, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or various other social networking sites. Although computer gaming has been around for years, only in the past 10-15 years has it really taken off as a primary use for a desktop.

Design/methodology/approach
– Individuals use computers as a tool, to relax and get away and, in the case of Massive Multilayer Online games (MMOs), they use computers as a gateway to a virtual world. MMOs are fairly new to the gaming world, yet the concept is simple. Combine all the game players and throw them into a single intractable game, where they can deal with other players on a daily basis, essentially creating a metaverse.

Findings
– Eve Online is unlike any MMO out there on the market today. Created by the company CCP that is based in Iceland, Eve Online is the world’s only true sandbox game. A sandbox game is a game that allows the player to do whatever they want with no or few restrictions.

Originality/value
– Everyone that plays Eve Online is put on a single server called Tranquility. However, there is a separate server for people who play in the People’s Republic of China because of legal reasons imposed by the government. We examine Eve Online and make suggestions for future research to examine country differences with China.
Understanding and overcoming business etiquette differences in Japan, Turkey, and the United States of America
Authors: Eckard Marchiori Brooke , E. Carraher Charles , Stiles Kristi 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to utilize both Forsythe’s Ethics position questionnaire and the Big-5 Mini-Markers ten-item personality scale to analyze their relevance in determining business etiquette differences in three nations.

Design/methodology/approach
– Samples from Japan (n = 73), Turkey (n = 95) and the USA (n = 128) were surveyed using these two resources. Generally, the results of these surveys support the research presented in this paper characterizing the USA as idealistic with a focus on individualism, while Japan stresses respect and agreeableness.

Findings
– Interestingly, members of the Turkey sample found it inappropriate to reveal views on ethics, and failed to answer several questions. In turn, the 0.069 level of significance of the regression formula for the Turkey analyses did not meet the less than or equal to 0.05 level to declare a relationship as significant.

Research limitations/implications
– This research discusses whether Forsythe or the Big-5 Mini-Markers surveys provide relevant information to companies that are looking to educate employees on challenges when interacting in a global market. By looking at several aspects to the typical business meeting – from the initial handshake to how to properly exchange business cards – each country has developed a specific set of cultural norms. By incorporating the results of Forsythe and Big-5 Mini-Markers surveys, a comprehensive approach is being used to present the differences.

Originality/value
– The resulting paper is a detailed analysis focusing on the behavioral and ethical reasons why a particular nation might stress certain business etiquette procedures more than another. A business that understands these core differences gains a worldly perspective and the power to succeed in the international market.
Research of ethics, values and cross-cultural differences on China, Mexico or the United States
Authors: Villatoro Jonny , Chang John , Lane Samuel 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study ethics, values and cross-cultural differences in China, Mexico or the United States. Three distinct and unique nations, the USA, Mexico and China, have different political structures, historical backgrounds and economical systems. While each of these nations can be considered an integral part to the world economy, each nation has their own distinct ethics, values and culture which serve as the backbone of the particular region. To be successful in international business, knowledgeable as an expatriate and culturally or ethically aware of key nations in the global market, individuals need to have researched information pertaining to the ethics, cultures and values of the USA, Mexico or China to blend in and succeed with the foreign cultural environment.Design/methodology/approach– This research paper will focus extensively on the impact values, ethics and cultural differences (based majorly and solely on the Rokeach Values Survey, Forsyth Studies and Hofsteade’s Model) have on the societies of the USA, Mexico or China. A review of the empirical studies will demonstrate the importance values, ethics and culture have on individual life or business environment for the USA, Mexico or China.Findings– Culture can be a factor which heavily influences a region or nation’s ethics and values.Research limitations/implications– When discussing culture, there are many factors such as values, religion, societal norms, customs, beliefs or deeply rooted faiths which can impact a nation’s overall collective culture. As a result, cross-cultural differences among a variety of nations, countries, regions or sub-regions may vary when compared with one another. Through more empirical investigation, research or study of a nation’s cultural values may there be a more profound, detailed and legitimate basis for assessing a nation’s ethical constructs.Practical implications– Understanding the differences of ethics, values and culture of the USA, China or Mexico can impact an individual’s experience if serving as an expatriate at the particular location. Each nation has its own distinct and unique social, business and cultural environment. To successfully accomplish international business or to operate a multinational corporation in a global market, individuals need to have a prior understanding of varying cultures, ethical standards or values in a particular region.Originality/value– This research paper will present and deliver pertinent information to individuals interested in serving as an expatriate in the USA, China or Mexico. Individuals can also read this paper to understand, comprehend or consume more general knowledge of the ethics, values and culture of the researched locations.
Alliance Medical bosses get a taste of life at the sharp end
Authors: Pollitt David 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Describes how senior managers and central support office staff at Alliance Medical – a company that provides health scans – visited front-line employees to get a flavor of how they operate.

Design
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methodology
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approach
Explores the reasons for the initiative and its outcomes. Also describes how the company is meeting the increasing demand for scanning services.

Findings
– Explains that the day-in-the-life initiative provided all parties with a better understanding of how the different functions work together to ensure a high-quality imaging service for patients.

Practical implications
– Describes how the company has extended the hours of operation at its busiest sites, reduced waiting times and improved the level of care.

Social implications
– Reveals that, with the number of magnetic-resonance-imaging scans increasing by around 10 per cent a year, there is a strong financial case for extending hours and improving productivity through the most efficient use of scanning services. The Alliance Medical experience highlights one way in which this can be achieved.

Originality
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value
Emphasizes the importance of key performance indicators including hours of uptime and the number of patients scanned per hour. These statistics are reported daily right up to board level.
Market‐based conservation: Aligning static theory with dynamic systems
Authors: Woodward Richard T. , Stronza Amanda , Shapiro‐Garza Elizabeth , Fitzgerald Lee A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper provides a broad evaluation of the implications of market‐based conservation (MBC) strategies from economic, social and ecological perspectives. After reviewing the economic theory that underlies MBC initiatives, we develop a list of approaches that have been labeled as “market‐based”, and categorize them according to the degree to which they are free‐standing markets or require the intervention of the state. A multidisciplinary critique reveals the potential problems and pitfalls of MBC are due to a lack of ability to deal with dynamic systems in the real world. The dynamics of these three systems can undermine the intended goals of MBC.
Seasonal Survey of Contaminants (Cd and Hg) and Micronutrients (Cu and Zn) in Edible Tissues of Cephalopods from Tunisia: Assessment of Risk and Nutritional Benefits
Authors: Rjeibi Moncef , Metian Marc , Hajji Tarek , Guyot Thierry , Ben Chaouacha‐Chekir Rafika , Bustamante Paco 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConcentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the muscle tissues (arms and mantle) of 3 commercial cephalopods (Loligo vulgaris, Octopus vulgaris, and Sepia officinalis) caught in 3 different Tunisian coastal regions. The highest concentrations found correspond to the essential elements Cu and Zn. Octopuses and cuttlefish showed the highest levels of those elements whereas squid presented with significantly higher values of Hg in both muscular tissues. This may be related to different feeding behavior and detoxification processes among benthic and pelagic cephalopods. Variation of element concentrations between seasons was different between species and seemed to be mostly dependent on the sampling site. From a public health standpoint, average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn measured in edible tissues of cephalopods from this study did not reveal, in general, any risk for consumers. The estimated target hazard quotients for Cd and Hg for consumers of the selected species were below 1 and within the safety range for human health. Moreover, their consumption could provide in an important contribution to the daily dietary intake of Cu for the Tunisian population, especially regarding the consumption of octopus and cuttlefish muscles.
The Effects of Norms on Investor Reactions to Derivative Use
Authors: Koonce Lisa , Miller Jeffrey , Winchel Jennifer 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrior research indicates that a firm's use of derivatives to manage business risks is viewed favorably by investors. However, these studies do not consider a potentially key factor in this setting—namely, the typical behavior (or norms) regarding derivatives by other firms in the industry or the firm itself. In this paper, we report the results of multiple experiments that test whether norms are influential in affecting investors’ evaluations of firms’ derivatives choices. Our results show that the generally favorable reactions to derivative use actually reverse and become unfavorable when firms’ derivative decisions are inconsistent with industry or firm norms. Somewhat surprisingly, though, we find that industry and firm norms are not viewed similarly by investors. These results expand our understanding of how investors respond to firm's derivative use decisions and demonstrate the role of norms as factors that influence investors’ judgments in financial reporting settings. Our results have implications for firm managers making decisions about derivative use.
Loss of function mutations in RPL27 and RPS27 identified by whole‐exome sequencing in Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia
Authors: Wang RuNan , Yoshida Kenichi , Toki Tsutomu , Sawada Takafumi , Uechi Tamayo , Okuno Yusuke , Sato‐Otsubo Aiko , Kudo Kazuko , Kamimaki Isamu , Kanezaki Rika , Shiraishi Yuichi , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Terui Kiminori , Sato Tomohiko , Iribe Yuji , Ohga Shouichi , Kuramitsu Madoka , Hamaguchi Isao , Ohara Akira , Hara Junichi , Goi Kumiko , Matsubara Kousaku , Koike Kenichi , Ishiguro Akira , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Watanabe Kenichiro , Kanno Hitoshi , Kojima Seiji , Miyano Satoru , Kenmochi Naoya , Ogawa Seishi , Ito Etsuro 
Published: November 2014

SummaryDiamond‐Blackfan anaemia is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome that is characterized by red blood cell aplasia. The disease has been associated with mutations or large deletions in 11 ribosomal protein genes including RPS7, RPS10, RPS17, RPS19, RPS24, RPS26, RPS29, RPL5, RPL11, RPL26 and RPL35A as well as GATA1 in more than 50% of patients. However, the molecular aetiology of many Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia cases remains to be uncovered. To identify new mutations responsible for Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia, we performed whole‐exome sequencing analysis of 48 patients with no documented mutations/deletions involving known Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia genes except for RPS7, RPL26, RPS29 and GATA1. Here, we identified a de novo splicing error mutation in RPL27 and frameshift deletion in RPS27 in sporadic patients with Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia. In vitro knockdown of gene expression disturbed pre‐ribosomal RNA processing. Zebrafish models of rpl27 and rps27 mutations showed impairments of erythrocyte production and tail and/or brain development. Additional novel mutations were found in eight patients, including RPL3L, RPL6, RPL7L1T, RPL8, RPL13, RPL14, RPL18A and RPL31. In conclusion, we identified novel germline mutations of two ribosomal protein genes responsible for Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia, further confirming the concept that mutations in ribosomal protein genes lead to Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia.
Melatonin–sulforaphane hybridITH12674 induces neuroprotection in oxidative stress conditions by a ‘drug–prodrug’ mechanism of action
Authors: Egea Javier , Buendia Izaskun , Parada Esther , Navarro Elisa , Rada Patricia , Cuadrado Antonio , López Manuela G , García Antonio G , León Rafael 
Published: November 2014

Background and PurposeNeurodegenerative diseases are a major problem afflicting ageing populations; however, there are no effective treatments to stop their progression. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are common factors in their pathogenesis. Nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of oxidative stress, and melatonin is an endogenous hormone with antioxidative properties that reduces its levels with ageing. We have designed a new compound that combines the effects of melatonin withNrf2 induction properties, with the idea of achieving improved neuroprotective properties.Experimental ApproachCompoundITH12674 is a hybrid of melatonin and sulforaphane designed to exert a dual drug–prodrug mechanism of action. We obtained the proposed hybrid in a single step. To test its neuroprotective properties, we used differentin vitromodels of oxidative stress related to neurodegenerative diseases and brain ischaemia.Key ResultsITH12674 showed an improved neuroprotective profile compared to that of melatonin and sulforaphane.ITH12674 (i) mediated a concentration‐dependent protective effect in cortical neurons subjected to oxidative stress; (ii) decreased reactive oxygen species production; (iii) augmentedGSHconcentrations in cortical neurons; (iv) enhanced theNrf2–antioxidant response element transcriptional response in transfectedHEK293Tcells; and (v) protected organotypic cultures of hippocampal slices subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation and re‐oxygenation from stress by increasing the expression of haem oxygenase‐1 and reducing free radical production.Conclusion and ImplicationsITH12674 combines the signalling pathways of the parent compounds to improve its neuroprotective properties. This opens a new line of research for such hybrid compounds to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Δ9Tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates Staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐induced inflammatory lung injury and prevents mortality in mice by modulation of miR‐17‐92 cluster and induction of T‐regulatory cells
Authors: Rao R , Nagarkatti P S , Nagarkatti M 
Published: November 2014

Background and PurposeStaphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent activator of Vβ8+T‐cells resulting in the clonal expansion of ∼30% of the T‐cell pool. Consequently, this leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, toxic shock, and eventually death. In the current study, we investigated if Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid known for its anti‐inflammatory properties, could prevent SEB‐induced mortality and alleviate symptoms of toxic shock.Experimental ApproachWe investigated the efficacy of THC against the dual administration (intranasal and i.p.) of SEB into C3H/HeJ mice based on the measurement of SEB‐mediated clinical parameters, including cytokine production, cellular infiltration, vascular leak, and airway resistance. In addition, the molecular mechanism of action was elucidated in vitro by the activation of splenocytes with SEB.Key ResultsExposure to SEB resulted in acute mortality, while THC treatment led to 100% survival of mice. SEB induced the miRNA‐17‐92 cluster, specifically miRNA‐18a, which targeted Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue), an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, thereby suppressing T‐regulatory cells. In contrast, THC treatment inhibited the individual miRNAs in the cluster, reversing the effects of SEB.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe report, for the first time a role for the miRNA 17–92 cluster in SEB‐mediated inflammation. Furthermore, our results suggest that THC is a potent anti‐inflammatory compound that may serve as a novel therapeutic to suppress SEB‐induced pulmonary inflammation by modulating critical miRNA involved in SEB‐induced toxicity and death.
Low within‐ and between‐day variability in exposure to new insulin glargine 300 U/ml
Authors: Becker R. H. A. , Nowotny I. , Teichert L. , Bergmann K. , Kapitza C. 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo characterize the variability in exposure and metabolic effect of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla‐300) at steady state in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).MethodsA total of 50 participants with T1DM underwent two 24‐h euglycaemic clamps in steady‐state conditions after six once‐daily administrations of 0.4 U/kg Gla‐300 in a double‐blind, randomized, two‐treatment, two‐period, crossover clamp study. Participants were randomized to receive Gla‐300 as a standard cartridge formulation in the first treatment period, and as a formulation with enhanced stability through polysorbate‐20 addition in the second treatment period, or vice versa. This design allowed the assessment of bioequivalence between formulations and, subsequently, within‐ and between‐day variability.ResultsThe cumulative exposure and effect of Gla‐300 developed linearly over 24 h, and were evenly distributed across 6‐ and 12‐h intervals. Diurnal fluctuation in exposure (within‐day variability) was low; the peak‐to‐trough ratio of insulin concentration profiles was <2, and both the swing and peak‐to‐trough fluctuation were <1. Day‐to‐day reproducibility of exposure was high: the between‐day within‐subject coefficients of variation for total systemic exposure (area under the serum insulin glargine concentration time curve from time 0 to 24 h after dosing) and maximum insulin concentration were 17.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15–21] and 33.4% (95% CI 28–41), respectively. Reproducibility of the metabolic effect was lower than that of exposure.ConclusionsGla‐300 provides predictable, evenly distributed 24‐h coverage as a result of low fluctuation and high reproducibility in insulin exposure, and appears suitable for effective basal insulin use.
Efficacy of intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of plantar hard corns
Authors: Lee Woo Jin , Lee Sang Min , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo , Choi Jee Ho , Moon Kee Chan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIntralesional bleomycin is effective for the treatment of various dermatologic conditions. However, the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of corns has not been established.MethodsA total of 50 patients with plantar corns were recruited and equally divided between groups A and B. Groups A and B were then treated with intralesional bleomycin (1 mg/ml) after paring the hyperkeratotic tissue and simple paring, respectively. The patients visited our clinic at 3‐week intervals and were treated for a maximum of 10 sessions.ResultsPatients in groups A and B were treated for 35 and 29 corns, respectively. The curative rates of the patients in groups A and B were 37% (13 of 35) and 7% (three of 29), respectively. The proportions of lesions in groups A and B that demonstrated a decrease in size by >50% were 80% (28 of 35) and 38% (11 of 29), respectively. The total number of patients that demonstrated excellent symptomatic improvement in group A was 15 of 22. Excellent responses were achieved within a small number of treatment sessions, ranging from one to four sessions (average: 2.6). Statistical differences in terms of the degree of size reduction and pain relief were noted between the two groups.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that intralesional bleomycin (1 mg/ml) injection could be one of the ideal treatments for corn. Intralesional bleomycin is particularly useful for reducing lesional pain and size within a short period.