bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur isotope analyses using 3× elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Saving helium and energy while reducing analytical time and costs
Authors: Spangenberg Jorge E. , Bosco‐Santos Alice 
Published: July 2024

RationaleHelium (He) and energy shortages have caused price increases and reduced their availability. Using three combustion reactions per acquisition of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios saves 50% He and energy during the elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). This approach needs to be tested for sulfur isotope (δ34S) analyses.MethodsA new method to measure δ34S in three sequential combustion reactions within one EA/IRMS acquisition was developed. The same material or blank samples could be used in the three reactions. After SO2 was used, a N2 purging method was employed to prolong the lifetime of the valves in the EA/IRMS interface. The 3×EA/IRMS was applied to measure δ34S in precious samples, such as Ag2S from acid‐volatile and chromium‐reducible sulfur extracted with a multiple‐port setup.ResultsThe 3×EA/IRMS‐δ34S method was validated with replicate analyses of international reference materials and laboratory standards with a wide range of mineralogical compositions and δ34S values. The method provided a strategic advantage for the δ34S measurements of small precious samples (measured between blanks). The accuracy and precision of the 3×EA/IRMS values effectively matched those obtained using conventional EA/IRMS, with good agreement between the mean ± SD values and the recommended values with their uncertainties.ConclusionsCompared with the conventional EA/IRMS, the proposed method provides accurate and precise δ34S measurements of the sulfate and sulfide samples while saving approximately 50% of He, energy, SO2 reference gas, O2, analysis time, and cost. Notably, 3×EA/IRMS can provide up to three δ34S values unaffected by memory effects.
Development of a wheeled wall‐climbing robot with an internal corner wall adaptive magnetic adhesion mechanism
Authors: Wang Baoyu , Li Peixing , Li Peibo , Zhang Lin , Guan Enguang , Liu Xun , Hu Xudong , Zhao Yanzheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe wall‐climbing robot is a growing trend for robotized intelligent manufacturing of large and complex components in shipbuilding, petrochemical, and other industries, while several challenges remain to be solved, namely, low payload‐to‐weight ratio, poor surface adaptability, and ineffective traversal maneuverability, especially on noncontinuous surfaces with internal corners (non‐CSIC). This paper designs a high payload‐to‐weight ratio wheeled wall‐climbing robot which can travel non‐CSIC effectively with a payload capacity of up to 75 kg, and it can carry a maximum load of 141.5 kg on a vertical wall. By introducing a semi‐enclosed magnetic adhesion mechanism, the robot preserves a redundant magnetic adsorption ability despite the occurrence of significant gaps between localized body components and the wall surface. In addition, by ingeniously engineering a passive adaptive module into the robot, both the surface adaptability and crossability are enhanced without increasing the gap between the body and the wall, thereby ensuring the optimization of the adsorption force. Considering the payload capacity and diversity when climbing on vertical walls, inclined walls, ceilings, and internal corner transitions, control equations for internal corner transitions and comprehensive simulations of magnetic adsorption forces are performed using FEA tools. Finally, a functional prototype was developed for rigorous experimental testing, with the results confirming that the robot successfully meets the desired functionality and performance benchmarks.
Reading Begets Reading? Disentangling the Dynamic Interplay Between Reading Competence and Reading Exposure with a Special Focus on Gender Differences
Authors: Bittmann Felix 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDo children with better reading competence read more, or do avid readers increase their reading competence? This highly relevant question has been discussed for many years, yet conclusive results are rare. Previous studies suffer from small sample sizes or omitted variable bias, rendering their findings questionable. We provide new insight using large‐scale German panel data (N > 5100). By surveying secondary school students (initial age = 11.1 years, SD = .50 years) in grades 5, 7, and 9, we can trace their reading competence and exposure over time. We estimate random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) to analyze time‐dependent within‐student changes and dynamic feedback loops. We include relevant control variables to account for potential confounding and conduct robustness checks using a classical CLPM. Our findings show no evidence that reading more results in better reading competence. However, higher reading competence may lead to increased reading exposure. Testing for gender differences reveals that these conclusions hold for both boys and girls and that no interactions with gender are detectable, despite girls tending to read more and having a higher reading competence on average.
A random forest approach for interval selection in functional regression
Authors: Servien Rémi , Vialaneix Nathalie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the problem of variable selection in a functional regression framework. This question is motivated by practical applications in the field of agronomy: In this field, identifying the temporal periods during which weather measurements have the greatest impact on yield is critical for guiding agriculture practices in a changing environment. From a methodological point of view, our goal is to identify consecutive measurement points in the definition domain of the functional predictors, which correspond to the most important intervals for the prediction of a numeric output from the functional variables. We propose an approach based on the versatile random forest method that benefits from its good performances for variable selection and prediction. Our method builds in three steps (interval creation, summary, and selection). Different variants for each of the steps are proposed and compared on both simulated and real‐life datasets. The performances of our method compared to alternative approaches highlight its usefulness to select relevant intervals while maintaining good prediction capabilities. All variants of our method are available in the R package SISIR.
Helical Micropillar Processed by One‐Step 3D Printing for Solar Thermal Conversion
Authors: Li Xibiao , Ye Baichen , Jiang Lan , Li Xiaowei , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti , Yi Peng , Li Taoyong , Li Min , Li Luqi , Wang Andong , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Jiafang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolar thermal utilization has broad applications in a variety of fields. Currently, maximizing the photo‐thermal conversion efficiency remains a research hotspot in this field. The exquisite plant structures in nature have greatly inspired human structural design across many domains. In this work, inspired by the photosynthesis of helical grass, a HM type solar absorber made in graphene‐based composite sheets is used for solar thermal conversion. The unique design promoted more effective solar energy into thermal energy through multiple reflections and scattering of solar photons. Notably, the Helical Micropillar (HM) is fabricated using a one‐step projection 3D printing process based on a special 3D helical beam. As a result, the solar absorber's absorbance value can reach 0.83 in the 400–2500 nm range, and the surface temperature increased by ≈128.3% relative to the original temperature. The temperature rise rate of the solar absorber reached 22.4 °C min−1, demonstrating the significant potential of the HM in practical applications of solar thermal energy collection and utilization.
Large Local Internal Stress in an Elastically Bent Molecular Crystal Revealed by Raman Shifts
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Mondal Srijan , Modak Mantu , Singh Ashi , Thayat Navdeep S. , Singh Hanuman , Clegg Jack K. , Poswal Himanshu K. , Haridas V. , Thomas Sajesh P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe structural dynamics involved in the mechanical flexibility of molecular crystals and the internal stress in such flexible materials remain obscure. Here, the study reports an elastically bending lipidated molecular crystal that shows systematic shifts in characteristic vibrational frequencies across the bent crystal region – revealing the nature of structural changes during bending and the local internal stress distribution. The blueshifts in the bond stretching modes (such as C═O and C−H modes) in the inner arc region and redshifts in the outer arc region of the bent crystals observed via micro‐Raman mapping are counterintuitive to the bending models based on intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Correlating these shifts with the trends observed from high‐pressure Raman studies on the crystal reveals the local stress difference between the inner arc and outer arc regions of the bent crystal to be ≈2 GPa, more than an order of magnitude higher than the previously proposed value in elastically bending crystals. High local internal stress can have direct ramifications on the properties of molecular piezoelectric energy harvesters, actuators, semiconductors, and flexible optoelectronic materials.
CO2 Laser Crystallization in Ambient for Highly Efficient FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yi Jianpeng , Leung Tik‐Lun , Digweed Justin , Bing Jueming , Bailey Christopher , Liao Chwenhaw , Tao Runmin , Wang Guoliang , Li Zhuofeng , Nguyen Hieu T. , McCamey Dane R. , Zheng Jianghui , Mahmud Md Arafat , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite solar cells have achieved tremendous progress and have attracted enormous research and development efforts since the first report of demonstration in 2009. Due to fabrication versatility, many heat treatment methods can be utilized to achieve perovskite film crystallization. Herein, 10.6 µm carbon dioxide laser process is successfully developed for the first time for perovskite film crystallization. In addition, this is the first time formamidinium lead triiodide solar cells by laser annealing under ambient are demonstrated. The champion cell produces a power conversion efficiency of 21.8%, the highest for laser‐annealed perovskite cells. And this is achieved without any additive, passivation, or post‐treatment.
Mechanically Exfoliated Graphite for Highly Reversible Na‐Storage with Carbon Coated Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode with Low‐Temperature Conditions
Authors: Jyothilakshmi Shaji , Lee Yun‐Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTremendous efforts are put forward to develop novel high‐performance electrodes for Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) in order to replace commercial Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Graphite, the most versatile anode for LIBs, fails to accommodate Na+ions owing to the poor thermodynamic stability of the binary graphite intercalation compound. This study aims to exfoliate the layers of graphite through a simple mechanical process at different time intervals (1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 h) and examine the potential candidate for Na‐storage in the presence of carbonate‐based electrolytes. This study reports that ball milling plays a vital role in the performance of the graphite in Na‐storage. The graphite exfoliated for 80 h (EG‐80h) rendered an excellent reversible capacity of 209 mAh g−1 with coulombic efficiency of >99% after 100 cycles in EC‐based electrolyte. In situ impedance analysis is performed to validate the charge storage mechanism and Na‐ion kinetics. The performance of EG‐80h in a full‐cell assembly is evaluated with a carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, which exhibited an initial capacity of ≈75 mAh g−1 and energy density of 201 Wh kg−1. In addition, the adaptability of the NVPC/EG‐80h cell at different temperatures is examined from −10 to 50 °C, displaying excellent performance in both high and low–temperature conditions.
Optimization of Dynamic Headspace Sampling Conditions for the Identification of Paleolithic Adhesives
Authors: Lokker Anika , Stefanuto Pierre‐Hugues , Cnuts Dries , Rots Veerle , Focant Jean‐Francois 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe characterization of Paleolithic adhesives holds great potential for understanding human behavior and its evolution. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the most accurate identification method; unfortunately, it is destructive and requires a large sample size. Hence, most Paleolithic adhesives are not characterized with GC–MS. Here, a new nondestructive identification method is introduced; dynamic headspace (DHS) with two‐dimensional GC coupled to a time‐of‐flight MS. The DHS extraction is optimized with an experimental design approach. Four parameters were selected, and the optimized values were as follows: incubation temperature: 50°C, incubation time: 20 min, purge volume: 450 mL, and purge flow: 22.5 mL min−1, pine resin was chosen as a proxy for Paleolithic adhesives. Subsequently, DHS was also tested on hide glue, which has less volatile than pine resin, and the universality of the extraction was tested. With untargeted techniques, a distinction between hide glue and pine resin could be made based on their chromatographic profiles. Lastly, DHS was tested against an existing HS‐solid‐phase microextraction method. DHS showed a higher response in the total area of the chemical groups of interest. Thus, DHS has a higher sensitivity for prehistoric adhesives than solid‐phase microextraction, which is desired for minimal samples.
Rot, White, and Blue: A scholarly personal narrative on the lived experiences of a white, German international graduate student in the United States
Authors: Dengg Michaela M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis scholarly personal narrative offers insight into the everyday lived experience of a white international student from Germany living and studying in the United States. In this narrative, she explores her life between discrimination in the form of anti‐German sentiment and white privilege. The narrative focuses on discrimination from a systemic as well as an interpersonal level and is a first attempt in offering a more stratified and complex insight of the experiences of a white, German international student in the United States.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for seminal root angle in a selected durum wheat population
Authors: Kang Yichen , Alahmad Samir , Haeften Shanice V. , Akinlade Oluwaseun , Tong Jingyang , Dinglasan Eric , Voss‐Fels Kai P. , Potgieter Andries B. , Borrell Andrew K. , Makhoul Manar , Obermeier Christian , Snowdon Rod , Mace Emma , Jordan David R. , Hickey Lee T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeminal root angle (SRA) is an important root architectural trait associated with drought adaptation in cereal crops. To date, all attempts to dissect the genetic architecture of SRA in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) have used large association panels or structured mapping populations. Identifying changes in allele frequency generated by selection provides an alternative genetic mapping approach that can increase the power and precision of QTL detection. This study aimed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SRA by genotyping durum lines created through divergent selection using a combination of marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for the major SRA QTL (qSRA‐6A) and phenotypic selection for SRA over multiple generations. The created 11 lines (BC1F2:5) were genotyped with genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to map QTL by identifying markers that displayed segregation distortion significantly different from the Mendelian expectation. QTL regions were further assessed in an independent validation population to confirm their associations with SRA. The experiment revealed 14 genomic regions under selection, 12 of which have not previously been reported for SRA. Five regions, including qSRA‐6A, were confirmed in the validation population. The genomic regions identified in this study indicate that the genetic control of SRA is more complex than previously anticipated. Our study demonstrates that selection mapping is a powerful approach to complement genome‐wide association studies for QTL detection. Moreover, the verification of qSRA‐6A in an elite genetic background highlights the potential for MAS, although it is necessary to combine additional QTL to develop new cultivars with extreme SRA phenotypes.
An interdisciplinary overview of levee setback benefits: Supporting spatial planning and implementation of riverine nature‐based solutions
Authors: van Rees Charles B. , Chambers Matthew L. , Catalano Angela J. , Buhr Daniel X. , Mansur Andressa Vianna , Hall Damon M. , Nelson Alec , Suedel Burton , Hawley Robert J. , Bledsoe Brian , Nibbelink Nate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNature‐based solutions (NbS, and related concepts like natural infrastructure, Ecosystem‐based Adaptation, and green infrastructure) are increasingly recognized as multi‐benefit strategies for addressing the critical sustainability challenges of the Anthropocene, including the climate emergency and biodiversity crisis. Mainstreaming NbS in professional practice requires strategic, landscape‐level planning integrating multiple sources of benefits and their synergies and trade‐offs. Levee setbacks (LS) are among the best‐studied riverine NbS with recognized benefits for flood risk management, drought resilience, water quality management, recreational opportunities, and ecological restoration for biodiversity. Although awareness of the multifarious benefits of LS as forms of Natural Capital is growing, implementation remains ad‐hoc and opportunistic. To address this critical implementation gap for one major example of NbS, we review and synthesize literature across diverse disciplines to provide an overview of the primary social, economic, and ecological mechanisms that affect the co‐benefit delivery of LS projects. Next, to make this information relevant to NbS practitioners, we link these mechanisms to spatial metrics that can be used to approximate the relative magnitude of project benefits and costs across these mechanisms. Finally, we highlight examples of key synergies and trade‐offs among benefits that should be considered for LS planning. This synthetic approach is intended to familiarize readers with the diverse potential benefits of LS, and provide an understanding of how to select and prioritize potential sites for further study and implementation. Synergies and trade‐offs among important benefit drivers abound, and social equity concerns will be paramount in ensuring the successful implementation of LS and other NbS in the future.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
The VerCors Verifier: A Progress Report
Authors: Armborst Lukas , Bos Pieter , van den Haak Lars B. , Huisman Marieke , Rubbens Robert , Şakar Ömer , Tasche Philip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper gives an overview of the most recent developments on the VerCors verifier. VerCors is a deductive verifier for concurrent software, written in multiple programming languages, where the specifications are written in terms of pre-/postcondition contracts using permission-based separation logic. In essence, VerCors is a program transformation tool: it translates an annotated program into input for the Viper framework, which is then used as verification back-end. The paper discusses the different programming languages and features for which VerCors provides verification support. It also discusses how the tool internally has been reorganised to become easily extendible, and to improve the connection and interaction with Viper. In addition, we also introduce two tools built on top of VerCors, which support correctness-preserving transformations of verified programs. Finally, we discuss how the VerCors verifier has been used on a range of realistic case studies.
Testing the Migration from Analog to Software-Based Railway Interlocking Systems
Authors: Becchi Anna , Cimatti Alessandro , Scaglione Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe work in the context of a tool set developed for the Italian Railway Network supporting the migration of legacy relay-based interlocking systems to a new software-based implementation. We propose to generate test cases from the analog implementation in a way that they are significant for a comparison with a cycle-based computational model, by leveraging stable states abstraction. Our methodology found actual bugs in the new code that were missed by other analyses, and aids in documenting the expected differences with the legacy behaviors.
Efficient Implementation of an Abstract Domain of Quantified First-Order Formulas
Authors: Frenkel Eden , Chajed Tej , Padon Oded , Shoham Sharon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper lays a practical foundation for using abstract interpretation with an abstract domain that consists of sets of quantified first-order logic formulas. This abstract domain seems infeasible at first sight due to the complexity of the formulas involved and the enormous size of sets of formulas (abstract elements). We introduce an efficient representation of abstract elements, which eliminates redundancies based on a novel syntactic subsumption relation that under-approximates semantic entailment. We develop algorithms and data structures to efficiently compute the join of an abstract element with the abstraction of a concrete state, operating on the representation of abstract elements. To demonstrate feasibility of the domain, we use our data structures and algorithms to implement a symbolic abstraction algorithm that computes the least fixpoint of the best abstract transformer of a transition system, which corresponds to the strongest inductive invariant. We succeed at finding, for example, the least fixpoint for Paxos (which in our representation has 1,438 formulas with $$\forall ^*\exists ^*\forall ^*$$

∀
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quantification) in time comparable to state-of-the-art property-directed approaches.
T-duality of emergent gravities on nilmanifolds
Authors: Roychowdhury Raju , Soriani Leonardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the transport of generalized metrics between topological T-dual nil-manifolds through a Lie algebraic point of view. Emergent gravities are generalized metrics with symplectic B-fields. But this additional property might not be preserved by the aforementioned transport. We describe a necessary condition for it to happen and provide working examples on self-T-dual nilmanifolds with zero H-flux in both 4 and 6 dimensions. We also discuss how this procedure fails in the presence of a non-zero H-flux.