bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum lectin XTP3‐B inhibits endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation of a misfolded α1‐antitrypsin variant
Authors: Fujimori Tsutomu , Kamiya Yukiko , Nagata Kazuhiro , Kato Koichi , Hosokawa Nobuko 
Published: January 2013

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that synthesizes many secretory and membrane proteins. However, proteins often fold incorrectly. Terminally misfolded polypeptides in the ER are retro‐translocated to the cytosol, where they are ultimately degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, a process termed ER‐associated degradation (ERAD). By recognizing the specific structures of N‐linked oligosaccharides attached to polypeptides, lectins play an important role in the quality control of glycoproteins in the ER. Mammalian OS‐9 and XTP3‐B are ER‐resident lectins that contain mannose 6‐phosphate receptor homology (MRH) domains, which recognize sugar moieties; OS‐9 has one MRH domain and XTP3‐B has two. Both are involved in ERAD, but the functional differences between the two are poorly understood. The present study analyzed the function of human XTP3‐B, and found, by frontal affinity chromatography analysis, that its C‐terminal MRH domain specifically recognized the Man9GlcNAc2 (M9) glycan in vitro and M9 glycans on an ERAD substrate NHK, a terminally misfolded α1‐antitrypsin variant, in vivo. Furthermore, endogenous XTP3‐B was a component of the HRD1–SEL1L membrane‐embedded ubiquitin ligase complex, an association that was stabilized by a direct interaction with SEL1L. The lectin activity of XTP3‐B was required for its binding to NHK, but not for its association with SEL1L. Unlike OS‐9, XTP3‐B did not enhance the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins, but instead inhibited the degradation of NHK bearing M9 oligosaccharides. Therefore, we propose that XTP3‐B recognizes M9 glycans on unfolded polypeptides, thereby acting as a negative regulator of ERAD, and also protects newly synthesized immature polypeptides from premature degradation.
Effect of drying kinetics on main bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) residue
Authors: Duzzioni Alexandra G. , Lenton Vanessa M. , Silva Diogo I. S. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThis study investigates the drying kinetics of residue of acerola, in a fixed‐bed dryer, analysing the effect of the process variables on the antioxidant properties of the residue. A complete factorial design 32 has been performed, where the independent variables studied were as follows: air velocity (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m s−1) and air‐drying temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C). The bioactive compounds studied were L‐ascorbic acid, total phenolic, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (expressed as IC50) was determined using free radical DPPH•. Both independent variables studied have shown to be statistically significant. The content of ascorbic acid was the highest at 60 °C and 1.0 m s−1 (126.2 ± 0.004 mg 100 g−1) while for the fresh residue 16.12 ± 0.003 mg 100 g−1, whereas the total phenolic showed the highest content at 50 °C and 1.5 m s−1 (46.2 ± 0.003 mg gallic acid.100 g−1) while for the fresh residue 12.59 ± 0.001 mg gallic acid.100 g−1. The drying conditions play an important role in determining the final quality of the product mainly in terms of antioxidant activity.
Tropical traditional fermented food, a field full of promise. Examples from the Tropical Bioresources and Biotechnology programme and other related French–Vietnamese programmes on fermented food
Authors: Lan Cao‐Hoang , Son Chu‐Ky , Ha Ho Phu , Florence Husson , Binh Le Thanh , Mai Le‐Thanh , Tram Nguyen Thi Hoai , Khanh Tran Thi Minh , Phu Tu Viet , Dominique Valentin , Yves Waché 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn tropical countries, traditional fermented foods are usually home‐made products obtained through spontaneous fermentation or backslopping. They are now facing an evolution aiming at responding to quality, safety and mass production issues. This requires acquisition of knowledge on raw materials, microbial ecosystems and fermentation processes. Vietnam is a laboratory for such studies as traditional fermented foods play an important role in the diet of Vietnamese and as these foods are very diverse. Among the most popular are nem chua (sausage reminding Thai Nham), dua muoi (cabbage reminding Kimchi), tom chua (shrimps) and the well‐known nuoc mam. The challenge for these products to enter the industrial era is to reach a level of quality and safety without losing their character. Beside the research for starters to elaborate these products, the world of fermented products is also a world of innovation and the microbial ecosystem of traditional products can also be used for the adaptation of fermented products from other regions, such as wines (from grape or other fruits), for cross‐cultural innovations such as soy‐yogurts, for technology transfer from one fermentation (soy sauce) to another one (fish sauce) and for evolution of traditional products towards higher nutritional qualities such as nem chua nam (replacing part of the sausage meat by mushrooms). Finally, these complex microbial ecosystems are a source of probiotic, antimicrobial compounds and biocatalysts, which can benefit health and improve food processes worldwide. After a presentation of Vietnamese traditional fermented foods, this article aims at illustrating the diverse applications of research on fermented products through examples obtained in past research and in the Tropical Bioresources and Biotechnology project.
The basis examination of leukocyte–platelet aggregates with CD45 gating as a novel platelet activation marker
Authors: Nagasawa A. , Matsuno K. , Tamura S. , Hayasaka K. , Shimizu C. , Moriyama T. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIntroductionPlatelet activation in circulation is considered to be associated with thrombosis and inflammation; thus, sensitive and easy‐to‐use markers are necessary. In this study, we established a simple and rapid protocol to clinically examine leukocyte–platelet aggregate formation associated with activated platelets in circulation.MethodsWhole blood was stained with PC5‐conjugated anti‐CD45 monoclonal antibody and fluorescent isothiocyanate‐conjugated anti‐CD41 monoclonal antibody for leukocyte–platelet aggregate analysis. For platelet activation, 5 μm thrombin receptor–activated peptide (TRAP) or 2 μg/mL collagen was added. Samples were analyzed by EPICS XL (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA). Monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were gated based on differences in CD45 fluorescence intensity and side scatter. For each gate, the percentage (%) of platelets expressing CD41 was analyzed. Same drawing sample was stained with anti‐CD62P monoclonal antibody. Platelet CD62P expression was then analyzed with gating for platelet cell population.ResultsWe analyzed leukocyte–platelet aggregates and platelet CD62P expression in 18 healthy individuals. Leukocyte–platelet aggregates, mainly monocyte–platelet aggregates, increased when platelets were activated by platelet agonists. Monocyte–platelet aggregates and neutrophil–platelet aggregates also increased over time with mild platelet activation.ConclusionLeukocyte–platelet aggregates, mainly monocyte–platelet aggregates, appear to be a sensitive marker of platelet activation in circulation.
The role of interferon‐β in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis – in the perspective of inflammasomes
Authors: Inoue Makoto , Shinohara Mari L. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryInflammasomes in innate immune cells mediate the induction of inflammation by sensing microbes and pathogen‐associated/damage‐associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes are also known to be involved in the development of some human and animal autoimmune diseases. The Nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is currently the most fully characterized inflammasome, although a limited number of studies have demonstrated its role in demyelinating autoimmune diseases in the central nervous system of humans and animals. Currently, the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is known to be induced by the NLRP3 inflammasome through enhanced recruitment of inflammatory immune cells in the central nervous system. On the other hand, interferon‐β (IFNβ), a first‐line drug to treat MS, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and ameliorates EAE. The NLRP3 inflammasome is indeed a factor capable of inducing EAE, but it is dispensable when EAE is induced by aggressive disease induction regimens. In such NLRP3 inflammasome‐independent EAE, IFN‐β treatment is generally not effective. This might therefore be one mechanism that leads to occasional failures of IFN‐β treatment in EAE, and possibly, in MS as well. In the current review, we discuss inflammasomes and autoimmunity; in particular, the impact of the NLRP3 inflammasome on MS/EAE, and on IFN‐β therapy.
Review paper: Instrumentation for marine magnetotelluric and controlled source electromagnetic sounding
Authors: Constable Steven 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe review and describe the electromagnetic transmitters and receivers used to carry out magnetotelluric and controlled source soundings in the marine environment. Academic studies using marine electromagnetic methods started in the 1970s but during the last decade these methods have been used extensively by the offshore hydrocarbon exploration industry. The principal sensors (magnetometers and non‐polarizing electrodes) are similar to those used on land but magnetotelluric field strengths are not only much smaller on the deep sea‐floor but also fall off more rapidly with increasing frequency. As a result, magnetotelluric signals approach the noise floor of electric field and induction coil sensors (0.1 nV/m and 0.1 pT) at around 1 Hz in typical continental shelf environments. Fluxgate magnetometers have higher noise than induction coils at periods shorter than 500 s but can still be used to collect sea‐floor magnetotelluric data down to 40–100 s. Controlled source transmitters using electric dipoles can be towed continuously through the seawater or on the sea‐bed, achieving output currents of 1000 A or more, limited by the conductivity of seawater and the power that can be transmitted down the cables used to tow the devices behind a ship. The maximum source‐receiver separation achieved in controlled source soundings depends on both the transmitter dipole moment and on the receiver noise floor and is typically around 10 km in continental shelf exploration environments. The position of both receivers and transmitters needs to be navigated using either long baseline or short baseline acoustic ranging, while sea‐floor receivers need additional measurements of orientations from compasses and tiltmeters. All equipment has to be packaged to accommodate the high pressure (up to 40 MPa) and corrosive properties of seawater. Usually receiver instruments are self‐contained, battery powered and have highly accurate clocks for timekeeping, even when towed on the sea‐floor or in the water column behind a transmitter.
Diagnostic tests in urology: percutaneous biopsy of renal masses
Authors: Bell Michael D. , Lavallée Luke T. , Dahm Philipp , Witiuk Kelsey , Breau Rodney H. 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Small renal masses are often detected incidentally with abdominal CT. About 80% of these masses are malignant. Many studies have investigated the diagnostic accuracy of small renal mass biopsy using various techniques. This has resulted in a broad range of published sensitivities and specificities without a clear guide for clinical use.
This evidence‐based medicine article addresses the clinical utility of renal mass biopsy. Based on a common patient scenario, a guide to calculating the probability of malignancy after a benign biopsy is provided. The scenario is used to show the potential influence of renal mass biopsy on clinical decision‐making. This appraisal also discusses the limitations of the current literature, highlighting the need for multi‐institutional studies with standardised biopsy techniques and a reliable comparator to confirm the clinical utility of this diagnostic test.
Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy and various radical prostatectomy techniques: is pelvic drainage necessary?
Authors: Danuser Hansjoerg , Di Pierro Giovanni Battista , Stucki Patrick , Mattei Agostino 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
The occurence of lymphoceles in patients after radical prostatectomy is well known (2–10%). It appears that patients undergoing open extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy develop more lymphoceles than patients undergoing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with transperitoneal access.
The present study investigates in a prospective randomized manner whether the time of drainage (1 vs 7 days) makes a difference or whether drainage is even necessary. The study data, collected in the same institution, are compared with the incidence of lymphocele in patients treated by robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.
Objective
To investigate whether routine drainage is advisable after open extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) by measuring the incidence of lymphoceles and comparing these results with those of a series of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and ePLND.
Patients and Methods
A total of 331 consecutive patients underwent ePLND and RRP or RARP.
The first 132 patients underwent open ePLND and RRP and received two pelvic drains; these patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: group 1 (n = 66), in which the drains were shortened on postoperative (PO) days 3 and 5 and removed on PO day 7, and group 2 (n = 66), in which the drains were removed on PO day 1.
The next 199 patients were assigned to two consecutive groups not receiving drainage: group 3 (n = 73) undergoing open ePLND and RRP, followed by group 4 (n = 126) treated by transperitoneal robot‐assisted ePLND and RARP.
All patients had ultrasonographic controls 5 and 10 days and 3 and 12 months after surgery.
Results
Lymphoceles were detected in 6.6% of all patients, 3.3% of whom were asymptomatic and 3.3% of whom were symptomatic.
Symptomatic lymphoceles were detected in 0% of group 1, 8% of group 2, 7% of group 3 and 1% of group 4, with groups 2 and 3 differing significantly from group 4 (P < 0.05).
In total, 5% of all patients undergoing open RRP (groups 1–3) had symptomatic lymphoceles vs 1% of patients undergoing RARP (group 4) (P = 0.06).
Nodal‐positive patients had significantly more symptomatic lymphoceles than nodal‐negative patients (10% vs 2%) (P < 0.02).
Conclusions
Symptomatic lymphoceles occur less frequently after open RRP and pelvic drainage over 7 days than after open RRP and pelvic drainage over 1 day or without drainage.
Patients undergoing RARP without drainage had significantly fewer lymphoceles than patients receiving open RRP without drainage.
The New England Research Institutes, Inc. (NERI) Nocturia Advisory Conference 2012: focus on outcomes of therapy
Authors: Weiss Jeffrey P. , Blaivas Jerry G. , Blanker Marco H. , Bliwise Donald L. , Dmochowski Roger R. , Drake Marcus , DuBeau Catherine E. , Hijaz Adonis , Rosen Raymond C. , Van Kerrebroeck Philip E.V. , Wein Alan J. 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?A consensus statement published in 2011 summarised current research, clinical approaches, and treatment options for nocturia. Since that time, new research has refined our understanding of nocturia in clinically important ways and new evidence has been presented on the efficacy and outcomes of several treatment methods for this underreported, infrequently recognised, and undertreated problem in adults. This paper provides updated guidance to clinicians in light of recent advances in the field.
Influence of the geological history of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt on the diversification of Nolina parviflora (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae)
Authors: Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Specht Chelsea D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimOur aims were to determine the pattern of genetic variation in the endemic shrub Nolina parviflora, and to evaluate the influence of the geological history of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and nearby mountainous regions on plant population divergence.LocationTrans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre del Sur mountain ranges in Mexico.MethodsTwenty‐eight populations (210 individuals) were sequenced for one nuclear (rpb2) and two chloroplast (trnL–F and psbA–trnH) DNA markers. Intraspecific phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes were reconstructed, and molecular dating, population genetic analyses and group testing were performed on the data. Isolation‐by‐distance analysis was conducted for the populations spanning the distribution of the species.ResultsTwenty‐four chloroplast marker haplotypes and 36 rpb2 haplotypes were recovered from the populations sampled. The combined marker phylogeny indicates the presence of two well‐supported clades within the N. parviflora populations. Clade 1 includes populations from Jalisco and Zacatecas and Clade 2 comprises the remaining populations. We found an east–west geographical pattern of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype distribution, indicating a lack of gene flow between these two regions. Divergence time estimates indicate an Oligocene to mid‐Miocene divergence between Nolina and Dasylirion. Divergence estimates for Clade 1 are from the mid‐Miocene to early Pleistocene, and for Clade 2 from the early Miocene to mid‐Pliocene. Values of cpDNA GST (0.702) indicate a strong population structure and differentiation. A spatial analysis of molecular variance indicates 11 groups among the sampled populations and detects various well‐supported geographical barriers.Main conclusionsDivergence time estimates suggest a correlation between the time of divergence between distinct N. parviflora populations and periods of uplift in the TMVB. We infer that the orogeny of this mountain range played an important role in driving the diversification of plant populations in central Mexico by creating topographical barriers that limited gene flow.
Exploring experiences and understandings of pain in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Findlay L. , Williams A. C. de C. , Scior K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at risk that their health problems, many of which cause pain, go unrecognised and untreated. Their understanding and personal experiences of pain have received little research attention.MethodInformation was collected from 15 adults with ID using semi‐structured interviews about their experiences and understanding of pain. Transcripts were analysed using content analysis.ResultsParticipants described pain using negative meanings and strong imagery, with various causes of pain suggested, but said little about how they coped with pain. Participants varied in whether they reported pains to carers, some choosing to hide the experience. There seemed a general belief that others can tell when someone is in pain.ConclusionsConversations regarding pain with adults with ID are a real challenge; health‐care staff need to think carefully about the questions they ask. Possessing verbal skills cannot be taken as an indication that pain will be communicated.
Trading Complex Assets
Authors: CARLIN BRUCE IAN , KOGAN SHIMON , LOWERY RICHARD 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe perform an experimental study to assess the effect of complexity on asset trading. We find that higher complexity leads to increased price volatility, lower liquidity, and decreased trade efficiency especially when repeated bargaining takes place. However, the channel through which complexity acts is not simply due to the added noise induced by estimation error. Rather, complexity alters the bidding strategies used by traders, making them less inclined to trade, even when we control for estimation error across treatments. As such, it appears that adverse selection plays an important role in explaining the trading abnormalities caused by complexity.
Determinants of change in oral health‐related quality of life over 7 years among older Japanese
Authors: Enoki K. , Ikebe K. , Matsuda K.‐I. , Yoshida M. , Maeda Y. , Thomson W. M. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBecause there are more elderly people than ever before and because they are living for longer periods of time, it is essential to understand the determinants of healthy ageing. This study examined changes in oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Japanese elderly over a 7‐year period. A sample of independently living individuals (aged 60+ years) underwent a questionnaire and dental examination at baseline and 7 years afterwards. The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used to assess the impact of oral conditions. Occlusal force and salivary flow were also assessed. Of the 411 participants assessed at baseline, 130 (31·6%) accepted to participate after 7 years. There were no significant differences between those lost to follow‐up and those assessed at 7 years, except that a higher proportion of the latter rated their baseline general health as good. Among the latter, the overall mean GOHAI score did not change significantly (11·8 at baseline and 11·1 at follow‐up; P = 0·16). However, after controlling for age, gender and baseline GOHAI score, participants who had lost teeth or experienced a decline in occlusal force after 7 years had higher follow‐up GOHAI scores (indicating poorer OHRQoL). Unfavourable changes in clinical oral status over time are reflected in poorer self‐rated oral health.
Melatonin mediates protective effects on inflammatory response induced by interleukin‐1 beta in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Xiaozhen , Gong Yihong , Xiong Ke , Ye Yun , Xiong Yuanyan , Zhuang Zhengfei , Luo Yuxi , Jiang Qing , He Fan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractJoint diseases like osteoarthritis usually are accompanied with inflammatory processes, in which pro‐inflammatory cytokines mediate the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compromise survival of subchondral osteoblasts. Melatonin is capable of manipulating bone formation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this work was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effect of melatonin on MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in the absence or presence of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), which was used to induce inflammation. Our data showed that melatonin improved cell viability and reduced ROS generation in MSCs in a dose‐dependent manner. When exposed to 10 ng/mL IL‐1β, various concentrations of melatonin resulted in significant reduction of ROS by 34.9% averagely. Luzindole as a melatonin receptor antagonist reversed the anti‐oxidant effect of melatonin in MSCs with co‐exposure to IL‐1β. Real‐time RT‐PCR data suggested that melatonin treatment up‐regulated the expression of CuZnSOD and MnSOD, while down‐regulated the expression of Bax. To investigate the effect of melatonin on osteogenesis, MSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium supplemented with IL‐1β, melatonin, or luzindole. After exposed to IL‐1β for 21 days, 1 μm melatonin treatment significantly increased the levels of type I collagen, ALP, and osteocalcin, and 100 μm melatonin treatment yielded the highest level of osteopontin. Our study demonstrated that melatonin maintained MSC survival and promoted osteogenic differentiation in inflammatory environment induced by IL‐1β, suggesting melatonin treatment could be a promising method for bone regenerative engineering in future studies.