bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pourquoi le « nombre d’or » ?
Authors: Bommelaer Jean-François 
Published: April 2015

Les Anciens concevaient l’existence des nombres « irrationnels », mais ils ne les utilisaient pas, et ils ignoraient les nombres « décimaux ». En contrepartie, ils maniaient avec virtuosité les rapports entre nombres entiers, même très élevés. Le « nombre d’or », qui pour nous vaut ½ (1+√5) soit 1,618... , ne pouvait alors être rien d’autre qu’un rapport. Or il a des propriétés étonnantes en matière d’arithmétique mais aussi de géométrie. On approche sa valeur exacte de très près et avec une grande facilité en utilisant n’importe laquelle des « suites » du type de celle à laquelle est attaché le nom de Fibonacci.
Homme et femme, un et pourtant différents
Authors: Heller Karin 
Published: April 2015

Dans le Moyen Orient ancien, l’existence des sexes devient une expression particulière du Mariage sacré entre le Ciel et la Terre. Les théologiens d’Israël ont repris cette image en la lisant à la lumière de l’expérience du Dieu qui fait alliance avec Abraham. Il en résulte une modification profonde de l’image de l’homme et de la femme : dans leur existence sexuée respective, ils sont désormais associés à l’œuvre divine de création et de salut. Appelés à suivre le Christ, l’homme et la femme accèdent par le don de l’Esprit à une forme d’existence où peut s’exercer enfin l’ agapè dont l’origine et la finalité ultimes sont l’ agapè de Dieu sur laquelle la mort n’a pas de pouvoir.
La théologie des religions entre création et révélation : Jacques Dupuis et Christoph Theobald
Authors: Labbé Yves 
Published: April 2015

La théologie catholique contemporaine cherche à justifier un pluralisme de droit des traditions de salut et des engagements de vie à partir de l’autorévélation de Dieu. Cette étude en suit deux exemples : Jacques Dupuis et Christoph Theobald. Elle montre leurs écarts en se réglant sur la relation entre révélation et création. D’un côté, la création ouvre la révélation sur une multiplicité de révélations ou alliances voulues par Dieu. De l’autre côté, c’est dans l’autonomie radicale de la création que s’accomplit le caractère définitif de la révélation. Après avoir élucidé les avancées et les limites des deux modèles, on suggère une unité différenciée de la création et de la révélation qui permette de respecter un monde devenu séculier et d’aborder avec discrétion une présence de Dieu aux religions.
La phénoménologie de l’agir moral selon Karol Wojtyla
Authors: Delogu Antonio 
Published: April 2015

La recherche philosophique de Karol Wojtyla menée selon l’approche phénoménologique vise la compréhension de l’existence humaine dans sa factivité. Wojtyla explicite ainsi les modalités fondamentales de l’existence : l’action morale, la transcendance qui lui est inhérente, l’autodétermination, l’authenticité.
Création et évolution
Authors: Aucante Vincent 
Published: April 2015

Prolongeant l’héritage de Jean-Paul II, Benoît XVI prend en considération la théorie de l’évolution en interrogeant le rapport entre science et foi. Il a abordé assez souvent ce thème depuis 1968, rejetant le concordisme des créationnistes et refusant aussi de réduire la création à l’irrationnel. Cet intérêt pour la théorie de l’évolution a été confirmé lors du séminaire de Castel Gandolfo, en septembre 2006 ; Benoît XVI y a suggéré des pistes de recherche où l’existence humaine, si elle est contingente, garde néanmoins un sens dans le projet de Dieu.
Isaac et la foi en la résurrection des morts
Authors: Remaud Michel 
Published: April 2015

Pour la tradition juive ancienne, Abraham ne doutait pas que Dieu, qui ressuscite les morts, fût capable de rendre la vie à son fils lorsqu’il se disposait à le sacrifier. Sauvé de la mort « le troisième jour », Isaac apparaît comme la figure du ressuscité. Deux passages des Épîtres aux Romains et aux Hébreux sur la foi d’Abraham s’inscrivent parfaitement dans le contexte de cette tradition.
Vulnérabilité et technique. Le témoignage de l’Église en bioéthique
Authors: d’Ornellas Pierre 
Published: April 2015

Porter témoignage du Christ en bioéthique paraît paradoxal. En effet, il est souvent énoncé que l’Église n’est pas accordée à la modernité et que les Écritures, qui nous parlent du Christ, n’enseignent rien sur les techniques biomédicales. Face à la « révolution » engendrée par la performance de ces techniques et par les sciences dites « émergentes », ce témoignage prend forme de « dialogue », à l’image de celui inauguré par le Christ. Mais comment ne pas y être aveugles et y assumer notre vulnérabilité dans une culture technologique ? Les Écritures permettent de discerner les enjeux de la filiation, de la conjugalité et de la vulnérabilité comme autant de lumières rationnelles pouvant guider nos pas de « témoins » dans les débats de bioéthique.
Les Exercices spirituels et l’Institut d’Études Théologiques
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Amaury 
Published: April 2015

Depuis E. Przywara, il est dit que les Exercices spirituels n’inspirent pas seulement une pédagogie, mais aussi un style théologique. À l’intersection de l’une et de l’autre, l’article situe la source d’inspiration de l’Institut d’Études Théologiques. Il y repère la mise en œuvre d’une théologie de « quatrième semaine », qui se vit comme le déploiement d’un mystère qui se livre dans l’espace théophanique du monde contemplé dans l’ ad amorem . Rencontre du Dieu vivant, visant à la formation d’un disciple au sein du corps ecclésial, la théologie est ordonnée à la louange et à la mission, jusqu’à faire « un avec l’amour divin » (ES 370).
Note sur la crise des « prêtres pédophiles »
Authors: Hausman Noëlle 
Published: April 2015

Sans aborder tous les aspects d’un fait de société douloureux et complexe, ces pages mettent en évidence ce que la crise de « la pédophilie dans l’Église » révèle de notre écologie sociale ; elles attirent l’attention sur les évolutions en cours dans les domaines du droit et du respect du secret professionnel, et elles signalent les conséquences qui pourraient en être tirées pour la formation des clercs.
Temporalités et créativité
Authors: Schwab Sylvie 
Published: April 2015

Pour évoquer la temporalité, voici deux courtes références. Alix Cléo Roubaud, photographe inconnue du grand public, dont les écrits et la photographie publiés après sa disparition sont obsessionnellement marqués par un rapport au temps spécifique, Bill Viola, vidéaste reconnu, dont l’œuvre contemporaine explore avec passion une temporalité décomposée par le recours au ralenti. La notion de fragmentation leur est commune : elle est interrogée ici dans une perspective psychosomatique.
No Vacancy: How Beneficial Microbes Cooperate with Immunity To Provide Colonization Resistance to Pathogens
Authors: Sassone-Corsi Martina , Raffatellu Manuela 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The mammalian intestine harbors a community of trillions of microbes, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which coevolved with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. Among the numerous gut microbial species, certain commensal bacteria are known to provide health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts and, as such, are labeled “probiotics.” We review some of the mechanisms by which probiotics and other beneficial commensals provide colonization resistance to pathogens. The battle for similar nutrients and the bacterial secretion of antimicrobials provide a direct means of competition between beneficial and harmful microbes. Beneficial microbes can also indirectly diminish pathogen colonization by stimulating the development of innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the function of the mucosal barrier. Altogether, we gather and present evidence that beneficial microbes cooperate with host immunity in an effort to shut out pathogens.
Naive T Cell Maintenance and Function in Human Aging
Authors: Goronzy Jörg J. , Fang Fengqin , Cavanagh Mary M. , Qi Qian , Weyand Cornelia M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In studies of immune aging, naive T cells frequently take center stage. Describing the complexity of the human naive T cell repertoire remains a daunting task; however, emerging data suggest that homeostatic mechanisms are robust enough to maintain a large and diverse CD4 T cell repertoire with age. Compartment shrinkage and clonal expansions are challenges for naive CD8 T cells. In addition to population aspects, identification of potentially targetable cellular defects is receiving renewed interest. The last decade has seen remarkable progress in identifying genetic and biochemical pathways that are pertinent for aging in general and that are instructive to understand naive T cell dysfunction. One hallmark sets naive T cell aging apart from most other tissues except stem cells: they initiate but do not complete differentiation programs toward memory cells. Maintaining quiescence and avoiding differentiation may be the ultimate challenge to maintain the functions unique for naive T cells.
Cannibal Tropes in Gilman's Narrative of Discovery:
Authors: Sands Peter 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
In Charlotte Perkins Gilman's novel of 1915, Herland, three men seek to find and conquer a fabled “womanland” somewhere in the mysterious interior of an unnamed but not “civilized” area of the world. Herland is “discovered,” and the three men—and readers of the novel—learn about its utopian social structures, most of which are intimately tied to the parthenogenetic reproduction that sustains and shapes this women-only country. This essay addresses Herland's tropes of consumption, particularly cannibalism, which place it squarely in the tradition of narratives of discovery and exploration in the Americas. Figures of cannibalism and incorporation underlie Gilman's vision of transformation from a male-dominated psychology and society to one that is dominated by what she presents as either female or simply “People.” Gilman uses tropes from the literature of discovery and exploration to power her narrative of discovery and co-optation in which the usual story of male discovery, penetration, and domination becomes one in which the “discovered” become the colonizing force.
Radical Acts of Cultivation:
Authors: Rouyan Anahita 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Ruth Ozeki structures the narrative of All Over Creation around the cultivation of a transgenic food crop, which provokes a debate exploiting a number of widespread representations of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The article focuses on the anti-GMO rhetoric, which offers a utopian discourse of agriculture clearly embedded within the pastoral convention, with genetic modification techniques represented as an intrusive “machine in the garden” and the mythological figure of the farmer exploited to fit the scope of the American context of the story. Exposing the conventions and mythologies behind the environmentalist narrative against the genetic engineering of plants, Ozeki's text demonstrates how the contrasting anti-GMO utopianism and pro-GMO techno-utopianism are both deeply rooted in the Western tradition, with its cultural and linguistic tendencies to objectify nature and conceptualize it as a female. Examining the value of genetically modified crops to different social groups, Ozeki's narrative accurately represents the complexities surrounding the contemporary practice of agriculture and opens up a discursive space for reformulating the rarely explored human–plant relationship, suggesting that neither kind of utopianism can serve as a conceptual framework for assessing the potential dangers and benefits of the introduction of GMOs into ecosystems and human bodies.
From Montgomery to Tahrir Square:
Authors: Zaki Hoda M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Decolonization movements in Africa and Asia, Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolent resistance, and Christian pacifism merged in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s. I discuss key individuals involved and the tactics they developed to popularize a nonviolent confrontation of segregation, including the use of a comic book. These writers and activists developed new and transformative notions of solidarity and tactics of nonviolent resistance, which continue to influence movements for social justice around the world.
Energetic, relativistic, and ultrarelativistic electrons: Comparison of long‐term VERB code simulations with Van Allen Probes measurements
Authors: Drozdov A. Y. , Shprits Y. Y. , Orlova K. G. , Kellerman A. C. , Subbotin D. A. , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, we compare long‐term simulations performed by the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code with observations from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer and Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope instruments on the Van Allen Probes satellites. The model takes into account radial, energy, pitch angle and mixed diffusion, losses into the atmosphere, and magnetopause shadowing. We consider the energetic (>100 keV), relativistic (~0.5–1 MeV), and ultrarelativistic (>2 MeV) electrons. One year of relativistic electron measurements (μ = 700 MeV/G) from 1 October 2012 to 1 October 2013 are well reproduced by the simulation during varying levels of geomagnetic activity. However, for ultrarelativistic energies (μ = 3500 MeV/G), the VERB code simulation overestimates electron fluxes and phase space density. These results indicate that an additional loss mechanism is operational and efficient for these high energies. The most likely mechanism for explaining the observed loss at ultrarelativistic energies is scattering by the electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves.
MESSENGER observations of multiscale Kelvin‐Helmholtz vortices at Mercury
Authors: Gershman Daniel J. , Raines Jim M. , Slavin James A. , Zurbuchen Thomas H. , Sundberg Torbjörn , Boardsen Scott A. , Anderson Brian J. , Korth Haje , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObservations by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft in Mercury's magnetotail demonstrate for the first time that Na+ ions exert a dynamic influence on Mercury's magnetospheric system. Na+ ions are shown to contribute up to ~30% of the ion thermal pressure required to achieve pressure balance in the premidnight plasma sheet. High concentrations of planetary ions should lead to Na+ dominance of the plasma mass density in these regions. On orbits with northward‐oriented interplanetary magnetic field and high (i.e., >1 cm−3) Na+ concentrations, MESSENGER has often recorded magnetic field fluctuations near the Na+ gyrofrequency associated with the Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) instability. These nightside K‐H vortices are characteristically different from those observed on Mercury's dayside that have a nearly constant wave frequency of ~0.025 Hz. Collectively, these observations suggest that large spatial gradients in the hot planetary ion population at Mercury may result in a transition from a fluid description to a kinetic description of vortex formation across the dusk terminator, providing the first set of truly multiscale observations of the K‐H instability at any of the diverse magnetospheric environments explored in the solar system.
The 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami wavefront mapping across offshore Southern California
Authors: Lin Fan‐Chi , Kohler Monica D. , Lynett Patrick , Ayca Aykut , Weeraratne Dayanthie S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe 11 March 2011 (Mw = 9.0) Tohoku tsunami was recorded by a temporary array of seafloor pressure gauges deployed off the coast of Southern California, demonstrating how dense array data can illustrate and empirically validate predictions of linear tsunami wave propagation characteristics. A noise cross‐correlation method was used to first correct for the pressure gauge instrument phase response. Phase and group travel times were then measured for the first arrival in the pressure gauge tsunami waveforms filtered in narrow bands around 30 periods between 200 and 3000 s. For each period, phase velocities were estimated across the pressure gauge array based on the phase travel time gradient using eikonal tomography. Clear correlation was observed between the phase velocity and long‐wavelength bathymetry variations where fast and slow velocities occurred for deep and shallow water regions, respectively. In particular, velocity gradients are pronounced at the Patton Escarpment and near island plateaus due to the abrupt bathymetry change. In the deep open ocean area, clear phase velocity dispersion is observed. Comparison with numerically calculated tsunami waveforms validates the approach and provides an independent measure of the finite‐frequency effect on phase velocities at long periods.
Temporal and spatial variability of biological nitrogen fixation off the upwelling system of central Chile (35–38.5°S)
Authors: Fernandez Camila , González Maria Lorena , Muñoz Claudia , Molina Veronica , Farias Laura 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough N2 fixation could represent a supplementary source of bioavailable nitrogen in coastal upwelling areas and underlying oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), the limited data available prevent assessing its variability and biogeochemical significance. Here we report the most extensive N2 fixation data set gathered to date in the upwelling area off central Chile (36°S). It covers interannual to high frequency time scales in an area of about 82,500 km2 in the eastern South Pacific (ESP). Because heterotrophic N2 fixation may be regulated by DOM availability in the ESP, we conducted experiments at different oxygen conditions and included DOM amendments in order to test diazotrophic activity. Rates in the euphotic zone showed strong temporal variability which resulted in values reaching 0.5 nmol L−1 d−1 in 2006 (average 0.32 ± 0.17 nmol L−1 d−1) and up to 126.8 nmol L−1 d−1 (average 24.75 ± 37.9 nmol L−1 d−1) in 2011. N2 fixation in subsurface suboxic conditions (1.5 ± 1.16 nmol L−1 d−1) also occurred mainly during late summer and autumn while virtually absent in winter. The diversity of diazotrophs was dominated by heterotrophs, with higher richness in surface compared to OMZ waters. Rates in oxygen depleted conditions could exceed values obtained in the euphotic layer, but rates were not dependent on the availability of dissolved organic matter. N2 fixation also showed a positive correlation with total chlorophyll and the C:N ratio of phytoplankton, but not to the P excess compared to N. We conclude that the diazotrophic community responds to the composition of phytoplankton rather than the extent of N deficiency and the availability of bulk DOM in this system.
Glider observations of the North Equatorial Current in the western tropical Pacific
Authors: Schönau Martha C. , Rudnick Daniel L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe North Equatorial Current (NEC) of the Pacific Ocean advects subtropical, subpolar, and tropical water masses. Repeat underwater glider observations of the NEC from June 2009 to January 2014 along 134.3°E provide absolute zonal geostrophic velocity, transport, and water mass structure at length scales of 10–1000 km. The NEC is strongest near the surface and persistent eastward undercurrents are identified deeper than potential density surface 26 kg m−3 at 9.6°N and 13.1°N. Mean transport from the surface to 27.3 kg m−3 and 8.5°N–16.5°N is 37.6 Sv (106 m3 s−1), with a standard deviation of 15.6 Sv. The transport variability is greatest deeper than 26 kg m−3 due to undercurrent variability. Wavelet analysis at scales of 10–80 km reveals extrema of fine‐scale salinity variance along isopycnals (spice variance). High spice variance is found in the North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW) and the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), with a spice variance minimum between water masses at 25.5 kg m−3. A horizontal Cox number, CH, relates salinity variance at fine scales (10–80 km) to that at greater length scales (120–200 km). As a function of density, CH is nearly vertically uniform, indicating that the stirring of mean salinity gradients enhances fine‐scale salinity variance. NPTW, with an estimated horizontal eddy diffusivity of order 104 m s−2, is a useful tracer for the region and may be used to relate the fine‐scale salinity variance to an eddy diffusivity.
Rainfall hotspots over the southern tropical Andes: Spatial distribution, rainfall intensity, and relations with large‐scale atmospheric circulation
Authors: Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Chavez Steven , Ronchail Josyane , Junquas Clémentine , Takahashi Ken , Lavado Waldo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Andes/Amazon transition is among the rainiest regions of the world and the interactions between large‐scale circulation and the topography that determine its complex rainfall distribution remain poorly known. This work provides an in‐depth analysis of the spatial distribution, variability, and intensity of rainfall in the southern Andes/Amazon transition, at seasonal and intraseasonal time scales. The analysis is based on comprehensive daily rainfall data sets from meteorological stations in Peru and Bolivia. We compare our results with high‐resolution rainfall TRMM‐PR 2A25 estimations. Hotspot regions are identified at low elevations in the Andean foothills (400–700 masl) and in windward conditions at Quincemil and Chipiriri, where more than 4000 mm rainfall per year are recorded. Orographic effects and exposure to easterly winds produce a strong annual rainfall gradient between the lowlands and the Andes that can reach 190 mm/km. Although TRMM‐PR reproduces the spatial distribution satisfactorily, it underestimates rainfall by 35% in the hotspot regions. In the Peruvian hotspot, exceptional rainfall occurs during the austral dry season (around 1000 mm in June–July–August; JJA), but not in the Bolivian hotspot. The direction of the low‐level winds over the Andean foothills partly explains this difference in the seasonal rainfall cycle. At intraseasonal scales in JJA, we found that, during northerly wind regimes, positive rainfall anomalies predominate over the lowland and the eastern flank of the Andes, whereas less rain falls at higher altitudes. On the other hand, during southerly regimes, rainfall anomalies are negative in the hotspot regions. The influence of cross‐equatorial winds is particularly clear below 2000 masl.