bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergen extract vs. component sensitization and airway inflammation, responsiveness and new‐onset respiratory disease
Authors: Patelis A. , Gunnbjornsdottir M. , Alving K. , Borres M. P. , Högman M. , Janson C. , Malinovschi A. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe absence of IgE sensitization to allergen components in the presence of sensitization to the corresponding extract has been reported, but its clinical importance has not been studied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical significance of IgE sensitization to three aeroallergen extracts and the corresponding components in relation to the development of respiratory disease.MethodsA total of 467 adults participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II and 302 in ECRHS III, 12 years later. IgE sensitization to allergen extract and components, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were measured in ECRHS II. Rhinitis and asthma symptoms were questionnaire‐assessed in both ECRHS II and III.ResultsA good overall correlation was found between IgE sensitization to extract and components for cat (r = 0.83), timothy (r = 0.96) and birch (r = 0.95). However, a substantial proportion of subjects tested IgE positive for cat and timothy allergen extracts but negative for the corresponding components (48% and 21%, respectively). Subjects sensitized to both cat extract and components had higher FeNO (P = 0.008) and more bronchial responsiveness (P = 0.002) than subjects sensitized only to the extract. Further, subjects sensitized to cat components were more likely to develop asthma (P = 0.005) and rhinitis (P = 0.007) than subjects sensitized only to cat extract.ConclusionMeasurement of IgE sensitization to cat allergen components would seem to have a higher clinical value than extract‐based measurement, as it related better to airway inflammation and responsiveness and had a higher prognostic value for the development of asthma and rhinitis over a 12‐year period.
Platform‐Switching for Cemented Versus Screwed Fixed Dental Prostheses: Reliability and Failure Modes: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Anchieta Rodolfo Brunieira , Machado Lucas Silveira , Hirata Ronaldo , Bonfante Estevam Augusto , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of survival of cemented and screwed three‐unit implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDP) using different implant‐abutment horizontal matching configurations (regular vs switching platforms).MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐eight implants with internal hexagon connection (4 mm diameter, 10 mm length, Emfils; Colosso Evolution System, Itú, SP, Brazil) were selected for this study according to the horizontal implant‐abutment matching configuration (regular or switching) and retention method and divided in four groups (n = 21 per group) as follows: 1) regular platform cemented (IRC); 2) or screw‐retained (IRS); 3) switched‐platform cemented (ISC); or 4) screw‐retained (ISS). Regular and platform‐switched abutments (Colosso evolution, 4 mm and 3.3 mm, respectively) were torqued, and 84 three‐unit metal bridges were fabricated (first molar pontic). Implants were embedded in polymethyl‐methacrylate resin and subjected to step‐stress accelerated life testing in water. Weibull distribution was used to determine the probability of survival for a mission of 100,000 cycles at 400 N (90% two‐sided confidence intervals). Polarized light and scanning electron microscopes were used for fractographic analysis.ResultsThe β values of 0.50, 1.19, 1.25, and 1.95 for groups IRC, IRS, ISC, and ISS respectively, indicated that fatigue accelerated the failure for all groups, except IRC. The cement‐retained groups presented significantly higher probability of survival (IRC – 98%, ISC – 59%) than screw‐retained groups (IRS – 23% and ISS – 0%). Screw‐retained FDPs exclusively failed by abutment‐screw fractures, whereas cement‐retained presented implant/screw/abutment fractures.ConclusionsThe probability of survival of cement‐retained ISFDP was higher than screw‐retained, irrespective of implant‐abutment horizontal configuration.
A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia
Authors: Ghana Salah , Suleman Nazia , Compton Stephen G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFigs (Moraceae) and pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) have a highly specific mutualistic relationship but fig wasps occasionally enter atypical hosts, and this can lead to hybrid fig trees and the potential for gene flow between species. Many fig trees are dioecious, with fig wasp offspring developing in galled ovules inside figs on male trees, whereas seeds develop only in figs on female trees. We generated experimental hybrids between the Asian Ficus montana Blume and a closely related African species Ficus asperifolia Miquel. Male F1s were sterile if entered by Kradibia tentacularis (Grandi) (Agaonidae), the pollinator of F. montana, because its offspring always failed to develop, without ovule enlargement. As with the F1s, figs on most male backcross plants [F. montana × (F. montana × F. asperifolia)] also aborted shortly after pollinator entry, resulting in a higher turnover of figs than with F. montana, although the times taken for the figs to reach receptivity were similar. Pollinator larvae nonetheless consistently managed to develop inside the figs of one backcross plant and also occasionally in a few figs from another backcross individual. In these figs, galled ovules developed as normal, whereas in figs that aborted the galled ovules failed to enlarge. The sex ratio of K. tentacularis progeny in the backcross figs was female biased and did not differ from that in F. montana figs. Sycoscapter spec. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of K. tentacularis, was able to lay eggs and developed normally inside male backcross figs where its host was present.
Prognostic factors of recurrent disease in upper urinary tract urothelial cancer after radical nephroureterectomy: Subanalysis of the multi‐institutional national database of the Japanese Urological Association
Authors: Hara Tomohiko , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Sakura Mizuaki , Inokuchi Junichi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Jun , Ohyama Chikara , Koie Takuya , Kikuchi Eiji , Hinotsu Shiro ,   the Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Urological Association
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo explore predictive factors of disease recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer.MethodsA multi‐institutional national database promoted by the Japanese Urological Association including 293 institutions and 1172 patients was used for the present study. Patient with non‐metastatic upper urinary tract urothelial cancer who underwent primary radical nephroureterectomy with curative intent were analyzed. Univariate analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox regression models with stepwise selection was used to evaluate time to recurrence after surgery.ResultsThe median duration of follow up was 55.8 months, and disease recurred in 325 (27.7%) patients at a median of 11.4 months after radical nephroureterectomy. According to a Cox proportional hazards model, the Union International Contre le Cancer 2002 pathological stage of the primary tumor, lymph node status, presence of lymphatic and/or vascular invasion, infiltrative growth pattern, and age were independent predictors (P < 0.05) of recurrence‐free survival.ConclusionsDespite several limitations, our analysis suggests that pathological tumor stage, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, infiltrative growth pattern and age represent important prognostic variables after radical nephroureterectomy in Japanese patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. This information could be potentially used to select patients for adjuvant systemic therapy.
Thrombospondin‐1‐dependent immune regulation by transforming growth factor‐β2‐exposed antigen‐presenting cells
Authors: Mir Fayaz Ahmad , Contreras‐Ruiz Laura , Masli Sharmila 
Published: August 2015

SummaryAn important role of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) in the development of regulatory T cells is well established. Although integrin‐mediated activation of latent TGF‐β1 is considered essential for the induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells by antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), such an activation mechanism is not applicable to the TGF‐β2 isoform, which lacks an integrin‐binding RGD sequence in its latency‐associated peptide. Mucosal and ocular tissues harbour TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs involved in Treg induction. The mechanisms that regulate TGF‐β activation in such APCs remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that murine APCs exposed to TGF‐β2 in the environment predominantly increase expression of TGF‐β2. Such predominantly TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs use thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) as an integrin‐independent mechanism to activate their newly synthesized latent TGF‐β2 to induce Foxp3+ Treg cells both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of Treg induction by TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs is supported by a TSP‐1 receptor, CD36, which facilitates activation of latent TGF‐β during antigen presentation. Our results suggest that APC‐derived TSP‐1 is essential for the development of an adaptive regulatory immune response induced by TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs similar to those located at mucosal and ocular sites. These findings introduce the integrin‐independent mechanism of TGF‐β activation as an integral part of peripheral immune tolerance associated with TGF‐β2‐expressing tissues.
Family Accommodation of Child and Adolescent Anxiety: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Treatment
Authors: Norman Kaila R. , Silverman Wendy K. , Lebowitz Eli R. 
Published: August 2015

TopicAnxiety disorders are the most common mental health concern for youth. Unfortunately, a substantial number of children and adolescents do not respond positively to current evidence‐based interventions and/or relapse. As pediatric anxiety disorders are fundamentally a systemic phenomenon, focusing on the ways in which parents become involved in their children's anxiety symptoms may be a promising alternative approach to treatment.PurposeTo inform psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) about the phenomenology, associated neurobiology, and assessment of family accommodation (FA) as well as clinical interventions targeting FA. FA refers to ways that parents adapt their own behaviors to reduce their children's anxiety‐related distress.Sources UsedA literature search was performed using Psyc‐INFO and PubMed.ConclusionsCurrent findings indicate a high prevalence of FA associated with pediatric anxiety disorders. FA has a potentially deleterious impact on course of illness and treatment response and is associated with greater caregiver burden. Potential neurobiological underpinnings of FA include dysregulation of parent cortico‐limbic circuitry and the oxytocinergic system. PMHNPs are in a unique position to identify families engaged in problematic FA, educate their clientele, provide psychotherapy services with the goal of reducing FA, and consult with multidisciplinary team members.
An Assessment and Diagnosis Case Study Is Not a Closed Case
Authors: Van Byssum Doris M. 
Published: August 2015

ProblemThe presenting problem of anxiety is found to be one of many psychiatric symptoms resulting in a lack of clarity in diagnosis and treatment.MethodThe case of a 17‐year‐old reporting escalating anxiety and migraine headaches is presented. A mental health assessment, parental information, screening tools, the Personality Assessment Inventory, ongoing observation, review of treatment regimens, consultation, and test results from other healthcare professionals are included in the ongoing assessment.FindingsSymptoms including anxiety, auditory and tactile hallucinations, mood alterations, substance use, insomnia, and hypomanic symptoms are identified. The symptoms are suggestive of various diagnostic categories/diagnoses: mood disorder, prodromal schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder.ConclusionA thorough assessment does not necessarily lead to clarity of a diagnosis or diagnoses. Clarity may evolve over time; however, this does not eliminate the responsibility to treat the patient. It is important to consider and utilize evidence‐based treatments for the symptomatology and possible diagnoses.
Evaluation of safety of insulin degludec on undergoing total colonoscopy using continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Takeishi Soichi , Mori Akihiro , Fushimi Nobutoshi , Hachiya Hiroki , Yumura Takayuki , Ito Shun , Shibuya Takashi , Ohashi Noritsugu , Kawai Hiromi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionThere is little information regarding how to use insulin degludec (D) when diabetic patients are preparing for total colonoscopy (TCS).Materials and MethodsA total of 12 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin D and scheduled to undergo TCS were enrolled in the present study. A continuous glucose monitoring device was attached to each patient for 4 days, from two evenings before TCS to the morning after the procedure. The patients fasted for 24 h, starting after 18.00 h the day before TCS. Insulin D was only discontinued the morning of the day TCS was carried out.ResultsNo patients experienced hypoglycemia during the daytime fasting period (08.00–18.00 h the day of TCS); the hypoglycemic index, mean glucose level, and standard deviation were 0, 141.3 ± 31.5 mg/dL and 15.6 ± 6.5 mg/dL. The mean glucose level and standard deviation during the daytime fasting period were significantly lower than during the daytime control period (08.00–18.00 h the day before TCS; P = 0.003, P = 0.001, respectively). The mean fasting glucose and fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly correlated (r = 0.78, P = 0.002), as were both the mean glucose level and standard deviation during the daytime control period, and the change in the mean glucose level (fasting period minus control period; r = −0.79, P = 0.002, and r = −0.69, P = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsPatients can safely undergo TCS when insulin D is discontinued only once on the day of the procedure.
Combination of EUS‐FNA and elastography (strain ratio) to exclude malignant solid pancreatic lesions: A prospective single‐blinded study
Authors: Kongkam Pradermchai , Lakananurak Narisorn , Navicharern Patpong , Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn , Aye Khin , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Kritisin Krit , Angsuwatcharakon Phonthep , Aniwan Satimai , Pittayanon Rapat , Sampatanukul Pichet , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Kullavanijaya Pinit , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:Negative results of EUS‐FNA for solid pancreatic lesions (SPL) can be false ones. Combination with strain ratio (SR) may ensure a correct benign diagnosis of SPL.Aims:We prospectively evaluated the sensitivity rate of EUS‐FNA and EUS elastography using the strain ratio method for diagnosing SPL.Methods:Thirty‐eight patients with SPL identified by CT or MRI between January 2013 and November 2013 were included in our prospective study. EUS diagnoses were made using SR by an endosonographer who was blinded to all clinical information. In SPL with adequate cellularity, the results of EUS‐FNA were combined with strain ratio to diagnose SPL and the diagnostic value was calculated.Results:Benign SPL were diagnosed in nine patients with surgical or guided‐biopsy pathology (n = 3) and benign cells from FNA with stable disease during the 12‐month follow‐up time (n = 6). Using the best cut‐off strain ratio level at 3.17, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy rate of EUS elastography were 86.2%, 66.7%, 89.3%, 60%, and 81.6%, respectively. For the 28 patients who underwent EUS‐FNA with results of adequate cellularity; EUS‐FNA alone versus combination of results of cytology and SR provided sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy rate at 90% versus 95.2, 100% versus 71.4%, 100% versus 90.9%, 80% versus 83.3, and 92.9% versus 89.3%, respectively.Conclusions:In this prospective single‐blinded study, the negative results of both EUS‐FNA and SR were more reliable to exclude malignant SPL. The sensitivity of EUS elastography by SR was not superior to EUS‐FNA. © 2015 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Epigallocatechin gallate hinders human hepatoma and colon cancer sphere formation
Authors: Wubetu Gizachew Y , Shimada Mitsuo , Morine Yuji , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Ishikawa Daichi , Iwahashi Shuichi , Yamada Shinichiro , Saito Yu , Arakawa Yusuke , Imura Satoru 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and AimThe long‐term survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma remains unsatisfactory because of the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor recurrence and chemoresistance after hepatectomy. Drugs that selectively target CSCs thus offer great promise for cancer treatment. Although the antitumor effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been reported in some cancer cells, its effects on CSCs remain poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on human hepatoma and colon CSCs.MethodsHepG2 and HCT‐116 cell lines were enriched by sphere formation, and their gene‐expression profiles were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. EGCG‐induced growth inhibition in the parental cells was determined by WST‐8 assay, and protein expression was assessed by western blotting. Cell cycle profile and apoptosis analysis was performed using flow cytometer.ResultsSphere‐derived cells grown in serum‐free, nonadherent cultures showed increased expression of stem cell markers, Nek2, and ATP‐binding cassette transporter genes, compared with parental cells grown in conventional culture. EGCG induced growth inhibition in the parental cells in a dose‐dependent manner. EGCG also inhibited self‐renewal in hepatoma and colon CSCs, attenuated the expression of stem cell markers and ATP‐binding cassette transporter genes, which are putative molecules associated with treatment resistance in CSCs, and decreased the transcription of Nek2 and p‐Akt, resulting in the inhibition of Akt signaling. EGCG also altered cell cycle profile and apoptosis, which may in part play an important role in EGCG‐induced cancer cell death.ConclusionsOverall, these results suggest that EGCG could be a useful chemopreventive agent for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma and colon CSCs, in combination with standard chemotherapies.
Sleep, health and memory: comparing parents of typically developing children and parents of children with special health‐care needs
Authors: Mcbean Amanda L. , Schlosnagle Leo 
Published: August 2015

SummaryParents of children with special healthcare needs (CSHCNs) report poorer sleep than parents of typically developing (TD) children, which has been associated with poorer mental health. The relations between sleep disturbances and general health and memory among this population are unknown. The current study aimed to replicate the findings that parents of CSHCNs report poorer sleep quality than parents of TD children, and further examine how sleep is related to general health and memory. Participants (75 parents of TD children; 97 parents of CSHCNs) completed an online questionnaire consisting of: demographics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Prospective Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and the Healthy Days Measure. Parents of CSHCNs reported worse global sleep than parents of TD children. Parents of CSHCNs took longer to fall asleep at night, had shorter sleep duration and worse subjective sleep quality than parents of TD children. Parents of CSHCNs also had worse prospective memory and were more likely to report poor general health than parents of TD children. Poorer sleep quality was associated with worse memory and health among both parents of TD children and parents of CSHCNs. Results from this study highlight the importance of addressing the sleep of parents of CSHCNs and support the need for more research in this area. By recognizing factors associated with parent's health and functioning, service providers may be better able to implement support programs for parents of CSHCNs.
The formation conditions of enstatite chondrites: Insights from trace element geochemistry of olivine‐bearing chondrules in Sahara 97096 (EH3)
Authors: Jacquet Emmanuel , Alard Olivier , Gounelle Matthieu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report in situ LA‐ICP‐MS trace element analyses of silicate phases in olivine‐bearing chondrules in the Sahara 97096 (EH3) enstatite chondrite. Most olivine and enstatite present rare earth element (REE) patterns comparable to their counterparts in type I chondrules in ordinary chondrites. They thus likely share a similar igneous origin, likely under similar redox conditions. The mesostasis however frequently shows negative Eu and/or Yb (and more rarely Sm) anomalies, evidently out of equilibrium with olivine and enstatite. We suggest that this reflects crystallization of oldhamite during a sulfidation event, already inferred by others, during which the mesostasis was molten, where the complementary positive Eu and Yb anomalies exhibited by oldhamite would have possibly arisen due to a divalent state of these elements. Much of this igneous oldhamite would have been expelled from the chondrules, presumably by inertial acceleration or surface tension effects, and would have contributed to the high abundance of opaque nodules found outside them in EH chondrites. In two chondrules, olivine and enstatite exhibit negatively sloped REE patterns, which may be an extreme manifestation of a general phenomenon (possibly linked to near‐liquidus partitioning) underlying the overabundance of light REE observed in most chondrule silicates relative to equilibrium predictions. The silicate phases in one of these two chondrules show complementary Eu, Yb, and Sm anomalies providing direct evidence for the postulated occurrence of the divalent state for these elements at some stage in the formation reservoir of enstatite chondrites. Our work supports the idea that the peculiarities of enstatite chondrites may not require a condensation sequence at high C/O ratios as has long been believed.