bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the fluid structure interactions in a compliant patient‐specific arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Decorato Iolanda , Kharboutly Zaher , Vassallo Tommaso , Penrose Justin , Legallais Cécile , Salsac Anne‐Virginie 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe objective of the study is to investigate numerically the fluid‐structure interactions (FSI) in a patient‐specific arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and analyze the degree of complexity that such a numerical simulation requires to provide clinically relevant information. The reference FSI simulation takes into account the non‐Newtonian behavior of blood, as well as the variation in mechanical properties of the vascular walls along the AVF. We have explored whether less comprehensive versions of the simulation could still provide relevant results. The non‐Newtonian blood model is necessary to predict the hemodynamics in the AVF because of the predominance of low shear rates in the vein. An uncoupled fluid simulation provides informative qualitative maps of the hemodynamic conditions in the AVF; quantitatively, the hemodynamic parameters are accurate within 20% maximum. Conversely, an uncoupled structural simulation with non‐uniform wall properties along the vasculature provides the accurate distribution of internal wall stresses, but only at one instant of time within the cardiac cycle. The FSI simulation advantageously provides the time‐evolution of both the hemodynamic and structural stresses. However, the higher computational cost renders a clinical use still difficult in routine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Leins M. , Kopecki J. , Gaiser S. , Schulz A. , Walker M. , Schumacher U. , Stroth U. , Hirth T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicrowave plasmas at atmospheric pressure are used for surface treatments like for example cleaning, sterilization or decontamination purposes, for a pre‐treatment to increase the adhesion of lacquer, paint, or glue, and for the deposition of different kind of layers and coatings. Micro plasma jets can also be applied for biomedical applications and for treatment of small and complex geometries like for example the inside of capillaries. Larger plasma torches which exhibit higher gas temperatures can also be used for chemical syntheses like waste gas decomposition, methane pyrolysis, or carbon dioxide dissociation and for plasma spraying purposes.In the present publication an overview on the development and the investigation of the operating principle of two atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torches at frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz will be presented. The plasma sources are based on a cylindrical resonator combined with coaxial structures. To explain how these plasma sources work, simulations of the electric field distribution will be discussed. Furthermore, some physical characteristics of an air and an Ar/H2 atmospheric plasma like gas temperatures, excitation temperatures and densities as well as the heating of the plasma by the microwave will be investigated. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Early weight gain predicts outcome in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Le Grange Daniel , Accurso Erin C. , Lock James , Agras Stewart , Bryson Susan W. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveDetermine whether early weight gain predicts full remission at end‐of‐treatment (EOT) and follow‐up in two different treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN), and to track the rate of weight gain throughout treatment and follow‐up.MethodParticipants were 121 adolescents with AN (mean age = 14.4 years, SD = 1.6), from a two‐site (Chicago and Stanford) randomized controlled trial. Adolescents were randomly assigned to family‐based treatment (FBT) (n = 61) or individual adolescent focused therapy (AFT) (n = 60). Treatment response was assessed using percent of expected body weight (EBW) and the global score on the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Full remission was defined as having achieved ≥95% EBW and within one standard deviation of the community norms of the EDE. Full remission was assessed at EOT as well as 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic analyses showed that the earliest predictor of remission at EOT was a gain of 5.8 pounds (2.65 kg) by session 3 in FBT (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.670; p = .043), and a gain of 7.1 pounds (3.20 kg) by session 4 in AFT (AUC = 0.754, p = .014). Early weight gain did not predict remission at follow‐up for either treatment. A survival analysis showed that weight was marginally superior in FBT as opposed to AFT (Wald chi‐square = 3.692, df = 1, p = .055).DiscussionAdolescents with AN who receive either FBT or AFT, and show early weight gain, are likely to remit at EOT. However, FBT is superior to AFT in terms of weight gain throughout treatment and follow‐up. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:124–129)
“Backdoor Induction” of Chirality in Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Rhodium(I) Complexes of Amino Acid Substituted Triphenylphosphane Ligands
Authors: Kokan Zoran , Kirin Srećko I. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and characterization of 5‐(diphenylphosphanyl)isophthalic acid bioconjugates (Lig‐[R]2). In addition to symmetrically disubstituted conjugates with amino acids, peptides or amines, a convenient one‐pot, two‐step procedure for the synthesis of conjugates bearing two different substituents is reported. The 28 prepared phosphanes were used as monodentate ligands in the rhodium(I)‐catalyzed hydrogenation of 2‐acetamidoacrylate and (Z)‐α‐acetamidocinnamate. The ligand with the smallest side‐chain substituents Lig‐[Ala‐OMe]2 (1a) revealed the highest selectivity, with up to 84 % ee. The catalysts presented herein are models of artificial metalloenzymes in which the outer‐coordination sphere controls the selectivity in catalysis. The chirality of distant hydrogen‐bonded amino acids is transmitted by “backdoor induction” to the prochiral RhI center.
Ph‐tetraMe‐Bithienine, the First Member of the Class of Chiral Heterophosphepines: Synthesis, Electronic and Steric Properties, Metal Complexes and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Vaghi Luca , Benincori Tiziana , Cirilli Roberto , Alberico Elisabetta , Mussini Patrizia Romana , Pierini Marco , Pilati Tullio , Rizzo Simona , Sannicolò Francesco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUnknown 1H‐2,7‐dihydro‐1‐phenylphosphepine, containing a 2,2′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐3,3′‐bithiophene atropisomeric scaffold (Ph‐tetraMe‐Bithienine), and its oxide have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The most evident structural feature is the very small dihedral angle. The electronic properties of the phosphane were quantitatively evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and compared with three other 2,7‐dihydro‐1‐phenylphosphepines differing in the nature of the biaromatic scaffold (biphenyl, 1,1′‐binaphthyl and 2,2′‐dimethoxybiphenyl). The racemate of the phosphane oxide was resolved into antipodes, which were reduced to the enantiopure phosphanes and employed as ligands in Rh and Pt complexes in homogeneous stereoselective catalytic reactions. The enantioselective ability and catalytic activity of the new mediators were found to be quite modest in the hydrogenation reactions of olefinic double bonds, whereas good performances were achieved in specific C–C bond‐forming reactions. The results are interpreted on the basis of the steric and electronic properties of the ligand.
Direct C–C Bond Construction from Arylzinc Reagents and Aryl Halides without External Catalysts
Authors: Minami Hiroki , Wang Xuan , Wang Chao , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDirect cross‐coupling between an arylzinc reagent and an aryl halide was accomplished without any external catalyst, enabling efficient and selective formation of the corresponding biaryl compound with broad functional group compatibility.
Evaluation of the interaction between sodium hypochlorite and several formulations containing chlorhexidine and its effect on the radicular dentin—SEM and push‐out bond strength analysis
Authors: Graziele Magro Miriam , Carlos Kuga Milton , Regina Victorino Keli , Antonio Vázquez‐Garcia Fernando , Javier Aranda‐Garcia Arturo , Batista Faria‐Junior Norberto , Faria Gisele , Luis Shinohara André 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the presence of debris and smear layer after endodontic irrigation with different formulations of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and its effects on the push‐out bond strength of an epoxy‐based sealer on the radicular dentin. One hundred extracted human canines were prepared to F5 instrument and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Fifty teeth were divided into five groups (n = 10), according to the final irrigation protocol with different 2% CHX formulations: G1 (control, no final rinse irrigation), G2 (CHX solution), G3 (CHX gel), G4 (Concepsis), and G5 (CHX Plus). In sequence, the specimens were submitted to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, in the cervical‐medium and medium‐apical segments, to evaluate the presence of debris and smear layer. The other 50 teeth were treated equally to a SEM study, but with the root canals filled with an epoxy‐based endodontic sealer and submitted to a push‐out bond strength test, in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. G2, G3, G4, and G5 provided higher precipitation of the debris and smear layer than G1 (P < 0.05), but these groups were similar to each other (P > 0.05), in both segments. The values obtained in the push out test did not differ between groups, independent of the radicular third (P > 0.05). The CHXs formulations caused precipitation of the debris and smear layer on the radicular dentin, but these residues did not interfere in the push‐out bond strength of the epoxy‐based sealer. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:17–22, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative evaluation of liver function with T1 relaxation time index on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI: Comparison with signal intensity‐based indices
Authors: Kamimura Kiyohisa , Fukukura Yoshihiko , Yoneyama Tomohide , Takumi Koji , Tateyama Akihiro , Umanodan Aya , Shindo Toshikazu , Kumagae Yuichi , Ueno Shin‐ichi , Koriyama Chihaya , Nakajo Masayuki 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo evaluate whether the reduction rate of T1 relaxation time of the liver (T1 relaxation time index) before and 20 minutes after gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) injection has the potential to serve as an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based liver function test in comparison with signal intensity‐based indices.Materials and MethodsNinety‐nine patients with suspected liver lesions underwent Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI. T1 maps using 3D T1‐weighted gradient‐echo volumetric interpolated examination with two different flip angles were also performed before and 20 minutes after Gd‐EOB‐DTPA administration. T1 relaxation time index was compared with four signal intensity‐based indices in terms of the ability to discriminate Child‐Pugh A (CPA) and Child‐Pugh B (CPB) from normal liver function (NLF), and in terms of its correlation with indocyanine green (ICG) clearance.ResultsTwenty‐four patients were classified as NLF, 64 patients were classified as CPA, and 11 were classified as CPB group. The T1 relaxation time index was significantly lower for CPA (0.62 ± 0.08 vs. 0.68 ± 0.07, P = 0.021) and CPB (0.55 ± 0.15 vs. 0.68 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) than for NLF. All signal intensity‐based indices showed significant differences only when comparing NLF and CPB. The correlation coefficient with ICG clearance was the highest for T1 relaxation time index (r = −0.605, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe T1 relaxation time index has the potential to serve as an MRI‐based liver function test, and is most strongly correlated with ICG clearance among the Gd‐EOB‐DTPA MRI‐based indices investigated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:884–889. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing anthropogenic disturbances to develop buffer zones for shorebirds using a stopover site
Authors: Koch Stephanie L. , Paton Peter W.C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic disturbance can degrade the quality of stopover sites for migratory shorebirds. We investigated the potential effects of pedestrian traffic and shellfishing on foraging shorebirds at a key stopover site at Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge (Monomoy Refuge), Massachusetts, USA. We experimentally approached 11 species of shorebirds to quantify flight‐initiation distances (FID) and found that species and age affected FID. Smaller Calidris sandpipers generally allowed pedestrians to approach within 25 m before flushing, whereas larger shorebirds (black‐bellied plover [Pluvialis squatarola] and American oystercatcher [Haematopus palliatus]) had FID over 50 m. We also found that juveniles of all species had shorter FID than adults. Based on adult FID, we developed species‐specific buffer distances for 11 species that ranged from 61 m for least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) to 186 m for black‐bellied plover. We also investigated the potential impacts of commercial and recreational shellfish harvesters, who rake for soft‐shell clams (Mya arenaria) on mudflats where shorebirds actively foraged. Microhabitats with recent shellfishing activity had a positive influence on the density of 2 species (ruddy turnstone [Arenaria interpres], and American oystercatcher), whereas the presence of shellfishers did not appear to affect the density of other species of shorebird we monitored. We regularly detected black‐bellied plovers and ruddy turnstones actively foraging in microhabitats where shellfishers had recently exposed sediment. Given the levels of shellfishing and pedestrian traffic at Monomoy Refuge, we found no evidence to suggest that current human activity has a strong negative impact on migratory shorebirds using Monomoy Refuge. However, if the amount of pedestrian traffic and shellfishing were to increase substantially, a buffer zone system might have to be implemented during peak migration periods to minimize impacts, with buffers >185 m from key foraging sites to reduce disturbance to the most sensitive species. © 2013 The Wildlife Society
Age and breeding stage‐related variation in the survival and harvest of temperate‐breeding Canada Geese in Ontario
Authors: Iverson Samuel A. , Reed Eric T. , Hughes R. John , Forbes Mark R. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe abundance of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) nesting in temperate regions of North America has increased dramatically during the past half century. Numbers have reached nuisance levels in many areas and supplementary hunting seasons, which are timed to occur before and after traditional waterfowl hunting periods, are widely employed to limit population growth. We evaluated how changes in hunting regulations have affected population growth, the seasonal age distribution of harvest, and survival rates of temperate‐breeding Canada geese banded in Ontario. We found that although the number of geese harvested in the province has increased, population growth has not abated. Annual survival rates of locally nesting adults (i.e., after‐hatch‐year geese captured in brood flocks) have declined in association with harvest liberalization (pre‐liberalization:  = 0.78 ± 0.06 SE; post‐liberalization:  = 0.74 ± 0.04 SE) and we estimated negative process correlation between hunter recovery rates and survival rates within this group (ρ = − 0.24), which is indicative of an additive effect of harvest mortality on total mortality. However, peak harvest has advanced into early September, which is a time when large numbers of molt migrant individuals are present in northern portions of the population's range. Molt migrant flocks are comprised primarily of subadults and adult geese that failed to hatch eggs (i.e., non‐reproductive individuals), many of which are unaffiliated with the local breeding population. We found that hunter recovery rates of non‐reproductive geese were greater and survival rates were less than those of locally nesting adults; however, process correlation between recovery and survival rates was weakly positive (ρ = 0.09), which indicates that harvest mortality is at least partially compensatory within non‐reproductive cohorts. We conclude that current harvest levels are insufficient to halt population growth and that the influence of hunting, relative to its potential, is diminished by a disproportionate take of individuals of low reproductive value during the early hunting season. © The Wildlife Society, 2013
Omega‐3 PUFA supplementation and the response to evoked endotoxemia in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ferguson Jane F. , Mulvey Claire K. , Patel Parth N. , Shah Rhia Y. , Doveikis Julia , Zhang Weiyu , Tabita‐Martinez Jennifer , Terembula Karen , Eiden Michael , Koulman Albert , Griffin Julian L. , Mehta Nehal N. , Shah Rachana , Propert Kathleen J. , Song Wen‐Liang , Reilly Muredach P. 
Published: November 2013

ScopeFish oil‐derived n‐3 PUFA may improve cardiometabolic health through modulation of innate immunity. However, findings in clinical studies are conflicting. We hypothesized that n‐3 PUFA supplementation would dose‐dependently reduce the systemic inflammatory response to experimental endotoxemia in healthy humans.Methods and resultsThe Fenofibrate and omega‐3 Fatty Acid Modulation of Endotoxemia (FFAME) study was an 8‐wk randomized double‐blind trial of placebo or n‐3 PUFA supplementation (Lovaza 465 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 375 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) at “low” (1/day, 900 mg) or “high” (4/day, 3600 mg) dose in healthy individuals (N = 60; age 18–45; BMI 18–30; 43% female; 65% European‐, 20% African‐, 15% Asian‐ancestry) before a low‐dose endotoxin challenge (LPS 0.6 ng/kg intravenous bolus). The endotoxemia‐induced temperature increase was significantly reduced with high‐dose (p = 0.03) but not low‐dose EPA + DHA compared to placebo. Although there was no statistically significant impact of EPA + DHA on individual inflammatory responses (tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP‐1), IL‐1 receptor agonist (IL‐1RA), IL‐10, C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA)), there was a pattern of lower responses across all biomarkers with high‐dose (nine of nine observed), but not low‐dose EPA + DHA.ConclusionEPA + DHA at 3600 mg/day, but not 900 mg/day, reduced fever and had a pattern of attenuated LPS induction of plasma inflammatory markers during endotoxemia. Clinically and nutritionally relevant long‐chain n‐3 PUFA regimens may have specific, dose‐dependent, anti‐inflammatory actions.
Screening for vitamin D insufficiency in pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Sopfe Jenna , Zhao Zhiguo , Li Zeda , Campbell Kristin , Simmons Jill H. , Friedman Debra L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids increase risk for decreased bone mineral density, which can be worsened by vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) or deficiency (VDD).ProcedureIn the Vanderbilt cancer survivorship clinic, we obtained screening total 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels (VDL) in 171 cancer survivors <23 years old who were treated with prolonged corticosteroids for their cancer, and compared this group to a control group of 97 healthy pediatric patients.ResultsVDD was diagnosed in 15.8% and VDI in 34.5% of cancer survivors and VDD/VDI combined was associated with body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile (Odds ratio [OR] = 5.4; P < 0.001), older age (OR = 2.2; P = 0.012), non‐Caucasian or Hispanic race (OR = 4.5; P = 0.008) and summer versus winter season (OR = 0.12; P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, VDI/VDD prevalence did not differ from the control group (VDI/VDD (43.3%)). In the combined survivor/control group multivariable analysis, cancer diagnosis did not increase VDI/VDD risk, but significant associations persisted with elevated BMI (P < 0.001), age (P = 0.004), non‐Caucasian or Hispanic race (P < 0.001), and seasonality (P < 0.001).ConclusionVDD/VDI is equally common in pediatric cancer survivors treated with corticosteroids and healthy children. The impact of VDD/VDI in cancer survivors may be greater due to risk for impaired bone health superimposed on that conferred from corticosteroid exposure. Thus, screening VDLs should be obtained in pediatric cancer survivors treated with corticosteroids, particularly in those with elevated BMI, older age, or non‐Caucasian race. Prospective studies evaluating the impact of interventions to minimize VDD/VDI on long‐term bone health in survivors are required. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:723–728. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of Acute Liver Injury Associated with the Use of Moxifloxacin and Other Oral Antimicrobials: A Retrospective, Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kaye James A. , Castellsague Jordi , Bui Christine L. , Calingaert Brian , McQuay Lisa J. , Riera‐Guardia Nuria , Saltus Catherine W. , Quinlan Scott , Holick Crystal N. , Wahl Peter M. , Suzart Kiliana , Rothman Kenneth J. , Wallander Mari‐Ann , Perez‐Gutthann Susana 
Published: November 2013

Study ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence and relative risk of a hospitalization or emergency visit for noninfectious liver injury in users of eight oral antimicrobials—amoxicillin, amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid, clarithromycin, cefuroxime, doxycycline, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, telithromycin—compared with nonusers of these antimicrobials.DesignRetrospective, observational cohort study with a nested case‐control analysis.Data SourceHealthCore Integrated Research Database.PatientsAdults with continuous health plan enrollment for at least 6 months before study entry who had a new dispensing of a study antimicrobial between July 1, 2001, and March 31, 2009. Cases had diagnoses indicating noninfectious liver injury during follow‐up. To control for potentially confounding risk factors, 10 controls at risk for liver injury during follow‐up were matched to each case by age, sex, and event date (liver injury date of the case), and analyses were adjusted for medical history, concomitant drugs, and health care service use.Measurements and Main ResultsTwo physician reviewers (blind to exposure) validated the cases. Among 1.3 million antimicrobial users, we identified 607 cases of liver injury, including 82 cases of severe hepatocellular injury and 11 cases of liver failure. Liver injury incidence in nonusers of study antimicrobials was 35/100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] 29–42/100,000 person‐years). For valid cases, the adjusted relative risk among current users of multiple antimicrobials was 3.2 (95% CI 1.6–6.7). Levofloxacin had the highest relative risk for current single use (3.2, 95% CI 1.8–5.8). Relative risks were also elevated for amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (2.5, 95% CI 1.3–5.0), doxycycline (2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.2), moxifloxacin (2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.7), and amoxicillin (2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.7).ConclusionThe results support a comparatively high adjusted relative risk of liver injury among patients exposed concurrently to multiple antimicrobials and modest elevations in the risk for several antimicrobials used alone; however, we found little evidence of any strong effect of commonly used antimicrobials on the risk of liver injury.