bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavily n‐type ZnO: A plasmonic material at telecommunication wavelengths
Authors: Kalusniak Sascha , Sadofev Sergey , Schäfer Peter , Henneberger Fritz 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDoping of ZnO by Ga allows for generation of free electrons up to concentrations of about 1021 cm–3 without significant deterioration of the crystal structure. In this way, a metallic dielectric function is formed with a negative real part tuneable from the mid infrared up to telecommunication wavelengths. The losses are about one order of magnitude lower than in traditional metals.We demonstrate surface plasmon polaritons with dispersion relations that can be engineered in a unique way by utilizing epitaxial multi‐layer structures of different doping level. In contrast to the standard air/metal excitations, the surface‐plasmon‐polariton frequency approaches a finite value in the zero‐wavevector limit at metal/metaltype interfaces. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Concise Review: Mechanotransduction via p190RhoGAP Regulates a Switch Between Cardiomyogenic and Endothelial Lineages in Adult Cardiac Progenitors
Authors: Kshitiz  , Afzal Junaid , Kim Deok-Ho , Levchenko Andre 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Mechanical cues can have pleiotropic influence on stem cell shape, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and are increasingly realized to play an instructive role in regeneration and maintenance of tissue structure and functions. To explore the putative effects of mechanical cues in regeneration of the cardiac tissue, we investigated therapeutically important cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), a heterogeneous patient- or animal-specific cell population containing c-Kit+ multipotent stem cells. We showed that mechanical cues can instruct c-Kit+ cell differentiation along two lineages with corresponding morphogenic changes, while also serving to amplify the initial c-Kit+ subpopulation. In particular, mechanical cues mimicking the structure of myocardial extracellular matrix specify cardiomyogenic fate, while cues mimicking myocardium rigidity specify endothelial fates. Furthermore, we found that these cues dynamically regulate the same molecular species, p190RhoGAP, which then acts through both RhoA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, differential regulation of p190RhoGAP molecule by either mechanical inputs or genetic manipulation can determine lineage type specification. Since human CDCs are already in phase II clinical trials, the potential therapeutic use of mechanical or genetic manipulation of the cell fate could enhance effectiveness of these progenitor cells in cardiac repair, and shed new light on differentiation mechanisms in cardiac and other tissues. Stem Cells 2014;32:1999–2007
LiSbS2‐mC16: Structure Determination from X‐ray Powder Diffraction Data
Authors: Huber Sebastian , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMonoclinic LiSbS2‐mC16 was synthesized by solid‐state reaction of Li2S, Sb, and S in the ratio 1:2:5 at a temperature of 900 °C. The excess of sulfur serves as a kind of flux and is not incorporated in the structure. The product is air and moisture sensitive. The crystal structure of the dark red product was determined from X‐ray powder diffraction data at 293 K. LiSbS2‐mC16 crystallizes in the space group C2/c (no. 15) with a = 8.0205(8) Å, b = 7.9243(8) Å, c = 6.6987(7) Å, β = 126.303(6)°, V = 343.11(7) Å3, and Z = 4. It forms an ordered NaCl type superstructure, which shows two different sites for the cations, whereas the cubic high temperature modification cF8 exhibits only one position with a mixed occupation by lithium and antimony. Lithium has a slightly distorted octahedral coordination by sulfur. The distortion of the octahedral coordination polyhedron is much stronger in the case of antimony. Therefore it is better described as a 2 + 2 + 2 coordination mode.
Sexual Function and Body Image are Similar after Laparoscopy‐Assisted and Open Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis
Authors: Kjaer Mie Dilling , Laursen Stig Borbjerg , Qvist Niels , Kjeldsen Jens , Poornoroozy Peiman Hossein 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundIleal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is performed in patients with ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis where the majority of patients are sexually active. Laparoscopic surgery is becoming the preferred technique for most colorectal interventions, and we examined postoperative sexual function and body image compared to those after open surgery IPAA.MethodsPatients treated with IPAA in the period from October 2008 to March 2012 were included. Evaluation of sexual function, body image, and quality of life was performed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ), and the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ).ResultsWe included 72 patients (38 laparoscopy‐assisted and 34 open). Response rate was 74 %. There were no differences in demographics, functional outcome, quality of life (SIBDQ score: 53 vs. 53), or time of follow‐up (637 vs. 803 days). All women and men showed scores above the cutoff line of normal sexual function. There was no significant difference in sexual function between the laparoscopic and open groups. We found no differences in BIQ between open and laparoscopic IPAA; however, there was a tendency toward lower postoperative self‐esteem among women compared to men (p = 0.07). We also found a tendency toward a better body image among laparoscopy‐treated women compared to open‐treated women (p = 0.07).ConclusionsAlthough there might be a tendency toward better body image among laparoscopy‐treated women, the two surgical techniques seem equal with respect to postoperative sexual function.
Lysosomal diseases: diagnostic update
Authors: Winchester Bryan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTechnological developments in newborn and population screening, biomarker discovery for monitoring treatment and rapid high throughput DNA sequencing are having a great impact on the diagnostic procedure for symptomatic patients with lysosomal storage diseases. The use of dried blood spots, initially for newborn screening, has stimulated the introduction of automated, rapid and more sensitive methods for the assay of lysosomal enzymes, including the synthesis of novel substrates. Storage products and secondary metabolites in urine and cells can be identified and measured very accurately and sensitively by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. This has enhanced the preliminary metabolite screen for LSDs and facilitated the diagnosis of transport defects. Fast, reliable and affordable high throughput DNA sequencing, such as whole or selected exome sequencing, is helping to make diagnoses in difficult cases, to reveal novel gene defects, to widen the clinical spectrum of diseases and possibly to identify modifying genetic factors. Bioinformatics will be necessary to handle the data generated by these new technologies. Notwithstanding, these technical innovations, accurate and reliable diagnosis will still depend on the knowledge and experience of skilled laboratory staff.
Anabolic exercise in haemodialysis patients: a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Kirkman Danielle L. , Mullins Paul , Junglee Naushad A. , Kumwenda Mick , Jibani Mahdi M. , Macdonald Jamie H. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe anabolic response to progressive resistance exercise training (PRET) in haemodialysis patients is unclear. This pilot efficacy study aimed to determine whether high‐intensity intradialytic PRET could reverse atrophy and consequently improve strength and physical function in haemodialysis patients. A second aim was to compare any anabolic response to that of healthy participants completing the same program.MethodsIn a single blind controlled study, 23 haemodialysis patients and 9 healthy individuals were randomly allocated to PRET or an attention control (SHAM) group. PRET completed high‐intensity exercise leg extensions using novel equipment. SHAM completed low‐intensity lower body stretching activities using ultra light resistance bands. Exercises were completed thrice weekly for 12 weeks, during dialysis in the haemodialysis patients. Outcomes included knee extensor muscle volume by magnetic resonance imaging, knee extensor strength by isometric dynamometer and lower body tests of physical function. Data were analysed by a per protocol method using between‐group comparisons.ResultsPRET elicited a statistically and clinically significant anabolic response in haemodialysis patients (PRET—SHAM, mean difference [95 % CI]: 193[63 to 324] cm3) that was very similar to the response in healthy participants (PRET—SHAM, 169[−41 to 379] cm3). PRET increased strength in both haemodialysis patients and healthy participants. In contrast, PRET only enhanced lower body functional capacity in the healthy participants.ConclusionsIntradialytic PRET elicited a normal anabolic and strength response in haemodialysis patients. The lack of a change in functional capacity was surprising and warrants further investigation.
Geochemistry of metamorphic rocks of the Kurai block (Gorny Altai)
Authors: Kuibida Ya.V. , Kruk N.N. , Gusev N.I. , Vladimirov V.G. , Demonterova E.I. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We consider the primary nature and sources of the protoliths of metamorphic rocks of the Kurai block located in the large Teletskoe–Kurai system of deep faults separating the Gorny Altai and West Sayan structures. It has been established that the protoliths of the Kurai block metapelites were deposits of transitional crust: They lack typical rocks of mature continental crust (arkoses, litharenites) and have reduced (relative to the upper continental crust) contents of lithophile elements and elevated contents of transition elements. The average Nd model age of the protoliths of the metapelites of the Kurai complex corresponds to the Middle Riphean (1.4–1.6 Ga). The metabasites of the Kurai complex are similar in petrologic composition to metamorphic products of oceanic basalts. It is shown that the formation of metamorphic associations of the Kurai block was caused by tectonometamorphic transformations of a compositionally heterogeneous rock unit (basalts, aluminous and volcanomict sediments), which were, most likely, a fragment of Middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician turbidite basin with an oceanic basement.
Water content in minerals of mantle xenoliths from the Udachnaya pipe kimberlites (Yakutia)
Authors: Ragozin A.L. , Karimova A.A. , Litasov K.D. , Zedgenizov D.A. , Shatsky V.S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Distribution of water among the main rock-forming nominally anhydrous minerals of mantle xenoliths of peridotitic and eclogitic parageneses from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, has been studied by IR spectroscopy. The spectra of all minerals exhibit vibrations attributed to hydroxyl structural defects. The content of H2O (ppm) in minerals of peridotites is as follows: 23–75 in olivine, 52–317 in orthopyroxene, 29–126 in clinopyroxene, and 0–95 in garnet. In eclogites, garnet contains up to 833 ppm H2O, and clinopyroxene, up to 1898 ppm (~ 0.19 wt.%). The obtained data and the results of previous studies of minerals of mantle xenoliths show wide variations in H2O contents both within different kimberlite provinces and within the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. Judging from the volume ratios of mineral phases in the studied xenoliths, the water content varies over narrow ranges of values, 38–126 ppm. At the same time, the water content in the studied eclogite xenoliths is much higher and varies widely, 391–1112 ppm.
Error analysis of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements: magnetic viscosity studies with the Bartington MS2 system
Authors: Kozhevnikov N.O. , Kamnev Ya.K. , Kazansky A.Yu. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Magnetic viscosity of rocks associated with magnetic relaxation of ultrafine ferrimagnetic mineral grains (superparamagnetism) is employed in magnetic grain size measurements. Magnetic viscosity is most often estimated from dual frequency measurements of magnetic susceptibility. The measured susceptibility values bear uncertainty that comprises two components: an instrument error and a drift. The instrument error refers to the accuracy of the measurement system and shows how precise the data are in ideal operation conditions. This error affects especially the low susceptibilities of weak samples, which thus should be measured on a high sensitivity range. Drift is due to external factors, such as changes in the temperature of sensors and/or samples, as well as in the orientation of the samples relative to the sensor, vibration, electromagnetic noise, etc. Drift, more critical for measurements on strong samples, is manageable by the operator. To reduce drift, every effort should be made to maintain suitable ‘quiet’ operation conditions.
Forgotten accounts of historical earthquakes in Siberia (17th and 18th centuries) by J.G. Gmelin
Authors: Nikonov A.A. , Fleifel L.D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This contribution represents the first Russian publication and in-depth analysis of accounts by J.G. Gmelin of earthquakes in Siberia from the late 17th and the first three decades of the 18th centuries. These forgotten accounts, though short and fragmentary, expand the existing database and enable new solutions of some of the problematic aspects in the study of seismicity in this region.
Fractional dynamics of tethered particles in oscillatory Stokes flows
Authors: Lim Edwin A. , Kobayashi Marcelo H. , Coimbra Carlos F. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA mechanistic model for the low-Reynolds-, high-Strouhal-number behaviour of a system consisting of a spherical particle attached to an inelastic tether under uniform sinusoidal cross-flow is presented. Unsteady history drag and virtual mass effects are considered for both the sphere and the tether. The mechanics of the problem is such that the resulting coupled fractional differential equations are linear and solvable analytically. The stationary solutions obtained in this work show that there are limiting dimensions for the length and thickness of the tether when compared to the radius of the particle that allow for the motion of the particle–tether system to simulate the motion of a free particle. These conditions exist for the range of small oscillation amplitudes that are required for keeping the particle Reynolds number smaller than unity while oscillating the particle–tether system at high frequencies (Strouhal numbers larger than unity). The fractional order model for the particle–tether system is compared against detailed experimental results for tethered particles for a wide range of experimental frequencies, including the low-frequency range where tether effects are measurable.
Deep-sea Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from Capbreton Canyon (north-east Atlantic) with the description of a new species
Authors: Aguirrezabalaga Florencio , Parapar Julio 
Published: April 2014

During the Capbreton cruises (1987–1990), samples of bathyal benthic macrofauna were taken at 37 stations situated along the continental slope (480–1113 m depth) of the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay, north-east Atlantic). Ten species of polychaetes belonging to six genera (Melinna, Eclysippe, Amphicteis,Anobothrus, GlyphanostomumandTanseimaruana) of the family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866 were collected at 13 of these stations. Most of these species are reported for the first time in the area.Amphicteisaff.wesenbergaeis reported for the first time after its recent description and a new species belonging to the genusGlyphanostomumis here described. Moreover, the finding ofMelinna monoceroidesrepresents the northernmost record of the species;Tanseimaruana vestisis recorded for the second time from the East Atlantic after its recent finding in Icelandic waters;Anobothrusaff.gracilisis reported for the second time from the Iberian Peninsula, representing, the southernmost record of the species in the Atlantic Ocean. The potential identification of two fragments of an Ampharetinae indet asAnobothrus laubieri, a deep water Arctic species, is discussed.
A meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in incarcerated populations
Authors: Young S. , Moss D. , Sedgwick O. , Fridman M. , Hodgkins P. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundStudies report the variable prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in incarcerated populations. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in these populations.MethodPrimary research studies reporting the prevalence (lifetime/current) of ADHD in incarcerated populations were identified. The meta-analysis used a mixed log-binomial model, including fixed effects for each covariate and a random study effect, to estimate the significance of various risk factors.ResultsForty-two studies were included in the analysis. ADHD prevalence was higher with screening diagnoses versus diagnostic interview (and with retrospective youth diagnoses versus current diagnoses). Using diagnostic interview data, the estimated prevalence was 25.5% and there were no significant differences for gender and age. Significant country differences were noted.ConclusionsCompared with published general population prevalence, there is a fivefold increase in prevalence of ADHD in youth prison populations (30.1%) and a 10-fold increase in adult prison populations (26.2%).
Paradoxes and Challenges for China's Forests in the Reform Era
Authors: Robbins Alicia S.T. , Harrell Stevan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChina's relatively recent dramatic increase in forest area has been hailed domestically and globally as one of the world's few environmental success stories, but significant problems remain in China's reforestation efforts. We describe the challenges that China still faces if it is to meet its laudable – but sometimes contradictory – goals for its forest sector: improving rural livelihoods, sustaining and restoring ecosystem services, and increasing output of the forest product-dependent manufacturing and construction sectors. We do so while pointing out the unintended consequences of implementing these policy goals: overstatement of the quantity and quality of the forest recovery, domestic human and ecological costs of the reforestation, and externalization of China's continually growing demand for timber and forest products in the form of increased imports from vulnerable forests in other parts of the world.
Harnessing photochemical internalization with dual degradable nanoparticles for combinatorial photo–chemotherapy
Authors: Pasparakis George , Manouras Theodore , Vamvakaki Maria , Argitis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLight-controlled drug delivery systems constitute an appealing means to direct and confine drug release spatiotemporally at the site of interest with high specificity. However, the utilization of light-activatable systems is hampered by the lack of suitable drug carriers that respond sharply to visible light stimuli at clinically relevant wavelengths. Here, a new class of self-assembling, photo- and pH-degradable polymers of the polyacetal family is reported, which is combined with photochemical internalization to control the intracellular trafficking and release of anticancer compounds. The polymers are synthesized by simple and scalable chemistries and exhibit remarkably low photolysis rates at tunable wavelengths over a large range of the spectrum up to the visible and near infrared regime. The combinational pH and light mediated degradation facilitates increased therapeutic potency and specificity against model cancer cell lines in vitro. Increased cell death is achieved by the synergistic activity of nanoparticle-loaded anticancer compounds and reactive oxygen species accumulation in the cytosol by simultaneous activation of porphyrin molecules and particle photolysis.
Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen im Kindesalter
Authors: Iro H. , Zenk J. 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungSpeicheldrüsenerkrankungen im Kindesalter sind, abgesehen von den viral induzierten Erkrankungen, insgesamt gesehen eher selten. Dennoch ist es für den HNO-Arzt unerlässlich, auch diese seltenen Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Heranwachsenden zu erkennen und zu diagnostizieren, um dann auch die richtigen therapeutischen Schritte einzuleiten. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über das gesamte Spektrum der angeborenen und erworbenen Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Es wurde dabei, soweit möglich, die aktuelle Literatur zu den einzelnen Themenkomplexen ausgewertet und für den Leser in den wichtigsten Fakten zusammengefasst. Es konnten neben angeborenen Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen die wichtigsten Ätiologien für virale und bakterielle Entzündungen, Autoimmunerkrankungen und auch die Tumoren der Speicheldrüsen in diesem Lebensalter berücksichtigt werden. Neben den bekannten Fakten werden auch neue Entwicklungen in der Diagnostik, Bildgebung und der Therapie, einschließlich der Sialendoskopie, bei den obstruktiven Erkrankungen und der chronisch rezidivierenden juvenilen Sialadenitis berücksichtigt. Auch auf mögliche systemische Ursachen von Speicheldrüsenschwellungen und auf die Behandlung der Sialorrhoe wird eingegangen. Auch wenn die Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen im Kindesalter meist im Spektrum der Pathologie des Erwachsenen enthalten sind, unterscheiden sie sich doch in ihrer Häufigkeit und gelegentlich auch ihrer Symptomatik. Darüber hinaus werden bei der Diagnostik und insbesondere bei der operativen Therapie von Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen weniger invasive und auch strengere Indikationen gestellt. Aufgrund der Seltenheit von Tumoren der Speicheldrüsen ist es auf jeden Fall zu empfehlen, diese in Zentren mit größerer chirurgischer Erfahrung zu therapieren.Von entscheidender Bedeutung ist dennoch die Kenntnis der differenzial-diagnostischen Möglichkeiten im Kindesalter, auch in der HNO-Praxis, um eine adäquate Therapie einzuleiten.
Repeatability of Gastric Volume Measurements and Intragastric Content Using Ultrasound in Preterm Infants
Authors: Perrella Sharon L. , Hepworth Anna R. , Simmer Karen N. , Hartmann Peter E. , Geddes Donna T. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to determine whether serial gastric volumes and intragastric curding are repeatable within individual preterm infants when given sequential feeds of the same volume and composition. Infant and feeding characteristics that may influence differences in measured gastric volumes, echogenicity, and intragastric curding were also explored.Methods:Ultrasound images were used to calculate gastric volumes and to rate echogenicity and intragastric curding for 20 infants. A total of 29 paired feeds of the same volume and composition were monitored prefeed and postfeed and at 30‐minute intervals thereafter. Statistical comparisons of paired gastric volume measurements and agreement between echogenicity and curding ratings were made for each time point. Analyses of factors that influence discrepancies between volume measurements and between curding ratings were performed.Results:Paired gastric volume measurements were repeatable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.971, 0.938 < ICC < 0.987). Most (75%) discrepancies were <2 mL and increased over time, although volume differences were small. Overall moderate levels of consistency were observed for ratings of echogenicity (κ = 0.44), and curd presence (κ ≤ 0.65), density (κ = 0.41), and volume (κ = 0.47). Gastric emptying during feed delivery is influenced with infant positioning, fortification of breast milk, and feeding frequency.Conclusions:For preterm infants serial gastric volumes are repeatable and ratings of intragastric echogenicity and curding are moderately consistent when fed milk of the same volume and composition. Ultrasound has the potential to further explore factors that influence gastric emptying in the preterm infant.