bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of measurement sensitivity and design improvement for time domain reflectometry penetrometers
Authors: Zhan Tony Liang‐tong , Mu Qing‐yi , Chen Yun‐min , Ke Han 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe time domain reflectometry (TDR) penetrometer, which can measure both the apparent dielectric permittivity and the bulk electrical conductivity of soils, is an important tool for the site investigation of contaminated land. This paper presents a theoretical method for evaluating the measurement sensitivity and an improved design of the TDR penetrometer. The sensitivity evaluation method is based on a spatial weighting analysis of the electromagnetic field using a seepage analysis software. This method is used to quantify the measurement sensitivity for the three types of TDR penetrometers reported in literature as well as guide the design improvement of the TDR penetrometer. The improved design includes the use of semicircle‐shaped conductors and the optimization of the conductor diameter. The measurement sensitivity to the targeted medium for the improved TDR penetrometer is evaluated to be greater than those of the three types of TDR penetrometers reported in literature. The performance of the improved TDR penetrometer was demonstrated by conducting an experimental calibration of the probe and penetration tests in a chamber containing a silty soil column. The experimental results demonstrate that the measurements from the improved TDR penetrometer are able to capture the variation in the water content profiles as well as the leachate contaminated soil.
Spillage of lunar polar crater volatiles onto adjacent terrains: The case for dynamic processes
Authors: Farrell W. M. , Hurley D. M. , Zimmerman M. I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present an investigation of the release and transport of lunar polar crater volatiles onto topside regions surrounding the cold traps. The volatiles are liberated via surface energization processes associated with the harsh space environment, including solar wind plasma sputtering and impact vaporization. We find that some fraction of these volatiles can migrate from crater floors onto topside regions (those regions directly adjacent to and above the polar crater floors), and that these surrounding terrains should contain a sampling of the material originating within the crater itself. It is concluded that the nature of the volatile content on crater floors can be obtained by sampling the surface volatiles that have migrated or “spilled out” onto the adjacent terrain. This “spillage” effect could make human or robotic prospecting for crater resources significantly easier, since an assessment may not require direct entry into the very harsh polar crater environment. We also suggest that there are dynamic processes actively operating on the crater floors, and we estimate their source rates assuming dynamic equilibrium of the observed water frost and our modeled loss rates.
Optimal ensemble size of ensemble Kalman filter in sequential soil moisture data assimilation
Authors: Yin Jifu , Zhan Xiwu , Zheng Youfei , Hain Christopher R. , Liu Jicheng , Fang Li 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been extensively applied in sequential soil moisture data assimilation to improve the land surface model performance and in turn weather forecast capability. Usually, the ensemble size of EnKF is determined with limited sensitivity experiments. Thus, the optimal ensemble size may have never been reached. In this work, based on a series of mathematical derivations, we demonstrate that the maximum efficiency of the EnKF for assimilating observations into the models could be reached when the ensemble size is set to 12. Simulation experiments are designed in this study under ensemble size cases 2, 5, 12, 30, 50, 100, and 300 to support the mathematical derivations. All the simulations are conducted from 1 June to 30 September 2012 over southeast USA (from −90°W, 30°N to −80°W, 40°N) at 25 km resolution. We found that the simulations are perfectly consistent with the mathematical derivation. This optical ensemble size may have theoretical implications on the implementation of EnKF in other sequential data assimilation problems.
Impact of Certolizumab Pegol on Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Sieper J. , Kivitz A. , van Tubergen A. , Deodhar A. , Coteur G. , Woltering F. , Landewé R. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivePatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) provide an opportunity to collect important information relating to patient well‐being, which is often difficult for physicians to measure (e.g., quality of life, pain, fatigue, and sleep). Here we evaluate the effects of certolizumab pegol (CZP) on PROs during the 24‐week, double‐blind phase of the RAPID axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) trial, a phase 3 trial of axial SpA patients, including both ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic axial SpA patients.MethodsA total of 325 patients with active axial SpA were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks, or CZP 400 mg every 4 weeks. The primary end point was the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society criteria for 20% improvement in disease activity response at week 12, and has been reported previously. PROs included total back pain, nocturnal back pain, a daily pain diary, the Sleep Problems Index II (SPI) domain of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale, fatigue, the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQOL) measure, and the Short Form 36‐item (SF‐36) health survey physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary (MCS), and domains.ResultsPatients treated with CZP reported significant improvements from week 1 for nocturnal back pain (placebo −0.6, CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks −1.9, and CZP 400 mg every 4 weeks −1.6; P < 0.001) and ASQOL (placebo −1.0, CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks −2.3, and CZP 400 mg every 4 weeks −1.9; P < 0.05) compared with placebo, while significant improvements in total back pain were seen from day 2. Patients treated with both CZP dosing regimens also had significantly greater improvements in fatigue, MOS‐SPI, SF‐36 PCS, MCS, and domains compared with placebo. Improvements were similar in both AS and nonradiographic axial SpA patients.ConclusionBoth CZP dosing schedules rapidly improved patient well‐being, as measured by PROs, including pain, fatigue, sleep, SF‐36, and ASQOL in both AS and nonradiographic axial SpA patients.
Sustainable Efficacy of Switching From Intravenous to Subcutaneous Tocilizumab Monotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ogata Atsushi , Atsumi Tatsuya , Fukuda Takaaki , Hirabayashi Yasuhiko , Inaba Masaaki , Ishiguro Naoki , Kai Motokazu , Kawabata Daisuke , Kida Daihei , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Matsumura Ryutaro , Minota Seiji , Mukai Masaya , Sumida Takayuki , Takasugi Kiyoshi , Tamaki Shigenori , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Ueda Atsuhisa , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Yamanaka Hisashi , Yoshifuji Hajime , Nomura Akira ,   the Musashi Study Investigators
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from intravenous (IV) tocilizumab (TCZ) to subcutaneous (SC) TCZ monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients.MethodsPatients who had completed 24 weeks of TCZ‐SC (162 mg/2 weeks) or TCZ‐IV (8 mg/kg/4 weeks) monotherapy in the double‐blind period of the MUSASHI study were enrolled in an 84‐week open‐label extension period. All received TCZ‐SC (162 mg/2 weeks) monotherapy. Effects of the IV to SC switch were evaluated at week 36 (12 weeks after switching).ResultsOverall, 319 patients received ≥1 dose of TCZ‐SC during the open‐label extension period; 160 switched from TCZ‐IV to TCZ‐SC (TCZ IV/SC) and 159 continued TCZ‐SC (TCZ SC/SC). Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate clinical remission rates were 62.5% (100 of 160) for TCZ IV/SC and 50.0% (79 of 158) for TCZ SC/SC at week 24, and were maintained at 62.5% (100 of 160) and 57.0% (90 of 158), respectively, at week 36. In the TCZ IV/SC group, 9% of patients (9 of 100) who had achieved remission at week 24 could not maintain remission at week 36. In TCZ IV/SC patients weighing ≥70 kg, the percentage with a sufficient serum TCZ concentration (≥1 μg/ml) decreased from 90.9% (10 of 11) at week 24 to 45.5% (5 of 11) at week 36. Overall safety profiles were similar in TCZ IV/SC and TCZ SC/SC except for mild injection site reactions in TCZ IV/SC.ConclusionEfficacy is adequately maintained in most patients switching from TCZ‐IV (8 mg/kg/4 weeks) to TCZ‐SC (162 mg/2 weeks) monotherapy. Patients receiving TCZ‐IV can switch to TCZ‐SC without serious safety concerns. Clinical efficacy may be reduced after switching in some patients with high body weight.
Fault detection and approximation for a class of linear impulsive systems using sliding‐mode observer
Authors: Ayati Moosa , Salmasi Farzad R. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe objective of this paper is to develop a method for fault detection and approximation of linear impulsive systems exposed to actuator faults. Utilizing proposed sliding mode observer, states of the impulsive system are estimated. It is proved that estimation error dynamical system is asymptotically stable between jumps. In addition, an upper bound of the state estimation errors at jump instants has been derived explicitly. State estimations are used to reconstruct the fault signal. Furthermore, an upper bound of the fault estimation errors is obtained. Proficiency of the proposed method is evaluated under different fault scenarios using numerical simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective Enzymatic β‐Carboxylation of para‐Hydroxy‐ styrene Derivatives Catalyzed by Phenolic Acid Decarboxylases
Authors: Wuensch Christiane , Pavkov‐Keller Tea , Steinkellner Georg , Gross Johannes , Fuchs Michael , Hromic Altijana , Lyskowski Andrzej , Fauland Kerstin , Gruber Karl , Glueck Silvia M. , Faber Kurt 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report on a ‘green’ method for the utilization of carbon dioxide as C1 unit for the regioselective synthesis of (E)‐cinnamic acids via regioselective enzymatic carboxylation of para‐hydroxystyrenes. Phenolic acid decarboxylases from bacterial sources catalyzed the β‐carboxylation of para‐hydroxystyrene derivatives with excellent regio‐ and (E/Z)‐stereoselectivity by exclusively acting at the β‐carbon atom of the C=C side chain to furnish the corresponding (E)‐cinnamic acid derivatives in up to 40% conversion at the expense of bicarbonate as carbon dioxide source. Studies on the substrate scope of this strategy are presented and a catalytic mechanism is proposed based on molecular modelling studies supported by mutagenesis of amino acid residues in the active site.magnified image
Preparation and Characterization of Low‐Density Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Composites
Authors: Beg M. D. H. , Kormin S. , Bijarimi M. , Zaman Haydar U. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, sago starch was physically blended with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) via the melt blending process followed by injection molding to produce LDPE/sago starch (LPS) composites. The sago starch content was varied from 5 to 30 wt% of LDPE. The addition of starch to LDPE reduced the melt flow rate (MFR), the tensile strength, and impact strength, whereas the tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus increased. To improve poor mechanical properties of the LPS, LDPE/glycerol thermoplastic starch (LPGTS) or LDPE/2:1 mixture of glycerol and urea thermoplastic starch (LPMTS) was used in this study. The effect of compatibilizer (maleic anhydride) on properties of the LPMTS specimens was also investigated. The LPS, LPGTS, LPMTS, and maleic anhydride treated LPMTS (LPMTSM) samples were analyzed for the MFR, mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact tests), thermal (TGA and DSC), and morphological properties. As a result, the incorporation of plasticizers or compatibilizer into LPS caused the considerable improvement in MFR and mechanical properties. Moreover, the presence of compatibilizer produced better properties for the LPMTSM sample than for the other samples, indicating better dispersion and homogeneity of starch to the matrix. In addition, thermal stability, DSC, and phase morphology were carried out for different LPS samples.
Highly Efficient Solid‐Phase Labeling of Saccharides within Boronic Acid Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Xianghua , Chen Yang , Zhao Peixuan , Li Daojin , Liu Zhen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLabeling is critical for the detection, quantitation, and structural identification of saccharides. However, conventional liquid‐phase labeling suffers from apparent disadvantages, such as time‐consuming, the presence of excessive labeling reagent, and high applicable saccharide concentration. A solid‐phase approach is presented for highly efficient labeling of saccharides, using boronic acid functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a selective extraction sorbent and nanoscale reactor. The solid‐phase labeling approach exhibited several significant advantages, including: much faster reaction speed (taking only 2 min), high product purity, and much lower applicable saccharide concentration (four orders of magnitude lower than that of liquid‐phase labeling). Thus, this labeling approach opens up new avenues to the facile and efficient labeling of saccharides.
Amphiphilic Tobramycins with Immunomodulatory Properties
Authors: Guchhait Goutam , Altieri Anthony , Gorityala Balakishan , Yang Xuan , Findlay Brandon , Zhanel George G. , Mookherjee Neeloffer , Schweizer Frank 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAmphiphilic aminoglycosides (AAGs) are an emerging source of antibacterials to combat infections caused by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Mode‐of‐action studies indicate that AAGs predominately target bacterial membranes, thereby leading to depolarization and increased permeability. To assess whether AAGs also induce host‐directed immunomodulatory responses, we determined the AAG‐dependent induction of cytokines in macrophages in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results show for the first time that AAGs can boost the innate immune response, specifically the recruitment of immune cells such as neutrophils required for the resolution of infections. Moreover, AAGs can selectively control inflammatory responses induced in the presence of endotoxins to prevent septic shock. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that AAGs possess multifunctional properties that combine direct antibacterial activity with host‐directed clearance effects reminiscent of those of host‐defense peptides.
The Ruthenostannylene Complex [Cp*(IXy)H2Ru‐Sn‐Trip]: Providing Access to Unusual Ru‐Sn Bonded Stanna‐imine, Stannene, and Ketenylstannyl Complexes
Authors: Liu Hsueh‐Ju , Ziegler Micah S. , Tilley T. Don 
Published: April 2015

AbstractReactivity studies of the thermally stable ruthenostannylene complex [Cp*(IXy)(H)2RuSnTrip] (1; IXy=1,3‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene; Cp*=η5‐C5Me5; Trip=2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2) with a variety of organic substrates are described. Complex 1 reacts with benzoin and an α,β‐unsaturated ketone to undergo [1+4] cycloaddition reactions and afford [Cp*(IXy)(H)2RuSn(κ2‐O,O‐OCPhCPhO)Trip] (2) and [Cp*(IXy)(H)2RuSn(κ2‐O,C‐OCPhCHCHPh)Trip] (3), respectively. The reaction of 1 with ethyl diazoacetate resulted in a tin‐substituted ketene complex [Cp*(IXy)(H)2RuSn(OC2H5)(CHCO)Trip] (4), which is most likely a decomposition product from the putative ruthenium‐substituted stannene complex. The isolation of a ruthenium‐substituted stannene [Cp*(IXy)(H)2RuSn(Flu)Trip] (5) and stanna‐imine [Cp*(IXy)(H)2RuSn(κ2‐N,O‐NSO2C6H4Me)Trip] (6) complexes was achieved by treatment of 1 with 9‐diazofluorene and tosyl azide, respectively.
Umpolung of Methylenephosphonium Ions in Their Manganese Half‐Sandwich Complexes and Application to the Synthesis of Chiral Phosphorus‐Containing Ligand Scaffolds
Authors: Valyaev Dmitry A. , Filippov Oleg A. , Lugan Noël , Lavigne Guy , Ustynyuk Nikolai A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHalf‐sandwich manganese methylenephosphonium complexes [Cp(CO)2Mn(η2‐R2PC(H)Ph)]BF4 were obtained in high yield through a straightforward reaction sequence involving a classical Fischer‐type manganese complex and a secondary phosphine as key starting materials. The addition of various nucleophiles (Nu) to these species took place regioselectively at the double‐bonded carbon center of the coordinated methylenephosphonium ligand R2P+C(H)Ph to produce the corresponding chiral phosphine complexes [Cp(CO)2Mn(κ1‐R2PC(H)(Ph)Nu)], from which the phosphines were ultimately recovered as free entities upon simple irradiation with visible light. The synthetic potential of this umpolung approach is illustrated herein by the preparation of novel chiral pincer‐type phosphine–NHC–phosphine ligand architectures.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Addition of Naphthols and Electron‐Rich Phenols to Isatin‐Derived Ketimines: Highly Enantioselective Construction of Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters
Authors: Montesinos‐Magraner Marc , Vila Carlos , Cantón Rubén , Blay Gonzalo , Fernández Isabel , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA quinine‐derived thiourea organocatalyst promoted the highly enantioselective addition of naphthols and activated phenols to ketimines derived from isatins. The reaction afforded chiral 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles with a quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). To the best of our knowledge, this transformation is the first highly enantioselective addition of naphthols to ketimines.
Experimental investigation of steam‐CO2‐foam flooding: combination of CO2‐foam flooding and steam injection as an effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in heavy oil reservoirs
Authors: Nejatian Daraei H. , Khodapanah E. , Sahraei E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe effects of steam‐CO2‐foam flooding on the recovery of medium–heavy crude oil have been studied using sand pack models under reservoir conditions of 1550 psi and 131 °F. In order to investigate the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential of steam‐CO2‐foam flooding, three different types of oil recovery experiments including CO2‐foam flooding, CO2‐foam flooding after water flooding, and steam‐CO2‐foam flooding have been conducted. Experiments for the first two cases were conducted using 1.3 PV injection of CO2‐foam. In the other case, 0.3 PV of steam injection was followed by 1 PV of CO2‐foam flooding. The ultimate oil recovery values obtained using the first two scenarios have been 57.5 and 41.21, respectively, indicating that applying CO2‐foam flooding as a tertiary EOR method after water flooding is not favorable. The ultimate oil recovery obtained during the third scenario has been 75.64%, which clearly shows that steam‐CO2‐foam flooding improves oil recovery with lower pore volume of the injected CO2‐foam. The effect of high surfactant concentration slug injection on the steam‐CO2‐foam flooding performance has also been investigated. The ultimate oil recovery obtained using slug with a high concentration of surfactant solution (0.75 wt%) and CO2has been 83.88% which shows that slug increases foam stability and improves CO2‐foam sweep efficiency. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zu Glas‐Polycarbonat‐Verbundtafeln
Authors: Weimar Thorsten 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Anforderungen an Verglasungen in Fassadenkonstruktionen nehmen durch die Erfüllung zahlreicher neuer Aufgaben stetig zu. Das Basismaterial Glas kann diese Anforderungen häufig nur in Kombination mit anderen Materialien erfüllen. Im Bereich der Sicherheitsgläser werden deshalb Glas‐Polycarbonat‐Verbundtafeln eingesetzt. Glas besitzt eine hohe Materialsteifigkeit und Polycarbonat zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Schlagzähigkeit bei niedrigem Gewicht aus. Die Verbundtafeln bieten im Vergleich zu konventionellen Verbundsicherheitsgläsern eine hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen äußere Einwirkungen bei schlankeren Querschnitten und niedrigem Eigengewicht. Dadurch können auch die Rahmen‐ und Auflagerkonstruktionen schlanker ausfallen. Der nachträgliche Einbau in Bestandsgebäude und die Weiterverarbeitung zu Mehrscheiben‐Isolierglas gestalten sich einfacher. Eine Verwendung als Horizontalverglasung ist in Deutschland allerdings nur möglich, wenn die Anforderungen an Verbundsicherheitsglas erfüllt werden. Neben dem Tragverhalten ist hierzu auch die Resttragfähigkeit von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Bemessung der Glas‐Polycarbonat‐Verbundtafeln erfordert zudem die genaue Kenntnis der Materialeigenschaften und deren Zusammenwirken im Mehrschichtensystem. Die erforderlichen Kennwerte werden in zahlreichen experimentellen Untersuchungen bestimmt und bilden die Grundlage für ein geeignetes Bemessungsverfahren der Verbundtafeln.Experimental research on glass‐polycarbonate composite panelsThe requirements for glazing in façade constructions increase steadily in consequence of numerous new functions. The base material glass can often meet these requirements only in combination with other materials. Therefore, in the field of safety glass, glass‐polycarbonate composite panels are used. Glass possesses a high material stiffness whereas polycarbonate provides high impact strength in combination with low weight. The composite panels combine high resistance against attack with slender cross‐sections and reduced dead load in comparison to common laminated safety glass. Due to this fact, the composite enables the use of more slender frame and support structures. The supplementary installation in existing buildings and the subsequent processing to insulation glass is simple. In Germany, horizontal glazing demands laminated safety glass to meet the legal and structural requirements. In addition to the structural behaviour of the glazing, the post‐breakage performance is also assessed. Furthermore, the structural design of glass‐polycarbonate composite panels requires a profound knowledge of the material properties and the interaction of multiple layers in the composite construction. The parameters required are determined in a large number of experimental research and form the basis for a suitable design concept of composite panels.
Utility of eosin Y as a complexing reagent for the determination of citalopram hydrobromide in commercial dosage forms by fluorescence spectrophotometry
Authors: Azmi Syed Najmul Hejaz , Al‐Fazari Ahlam , Al‐Badaei Munira , Al‐Mahrazi Ruqiya 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn accurate, selective and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of citalopram hydrobromide in commercial dosage forms. The method was based on the formation of a fluorescent ion‐pair complex between citalopram hydrobromide and eosin Y in the presence of a disodium hydrogen phosphate/citric acid buffer solution of pH 3.4 that was extractable in dichloromethane. The extracted complex showed fluorescence intensity at λem = 554 nm after excitation at 259 nm. The calibration curve was linear over at concentrations of 2.0–26.0 µg/mL. Under optimized experimental conditions, the proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The effect of common excipients used as additives was tested and the tolerance limit calculated. The limit of detection for the proposed method was 0.121 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of citalopram hydrobromide in commercial dosage forms. The results were compared with the reference RP‐HPLC method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.