bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Silica Functionalized by Nickel-Cyclam Molecules: Preparation and Resonance Raman Study
Authors: Laskowska Magdalena , Laskowski Łukasz , Dzilinski Kazimierz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Mesoporous silica SBA-15 functionalized by (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) cyclam groups containing nickel ions (Ni-cyclam) was synthesized by two different approaches, and investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Vibrational features of organometallic moleculess are analyzed for (Ni-cyclam) groups grafted in the silica pores. An assignment of bands in resonance Raman spectra was done to monitor the structure and properties of the mesoporous silica material with regard to the methods of synthesis used in this study. It was shown, that Raman scattering can be useful for probing of functionalization's efficiency of mesoporous silica. On the base of the resonance investigation: Raman and EPR spectroscopy, distribution of the functional groups inside pores can be determined. In the present article the Raman spectroscopy is treat as a complementary research to EPR investigation. It was shown that a clustering of the active groups alter significantly the resonance Raman spectra through broadening and shifts of the corresponding bands in comparison with separated molecules. Results obtained from the analysis of the resonance Raman spectra indicate significant differences between the samples prepared by the two procedures. The discussion of the Raman results was referred to EPR results, and on the base of this authors concluded about correct achievement of the functionalization.
A Hybrid method for testing routing protocols in mesh networks
Authors: Kaliszan Adam , Glabowski Mariusz , Hanczewski Sławomir , Gallucci Dario , Vanini Salvatore 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article presents a hybrid method for testing routing protocols specifically dedicated to mesh networks. The architecture of software routers is described and a graphic environment that would ensure effective configuration of test networks is proposed. The platform for tests of routing protocols presented in the article combines an implementation of routing protocols (the real control plane) with a router data plane simulator. The proposed solution provides an opportunity to test real implementations of routing protocols for any parameters of data plane, not limited by the physical implementation of a test network. The presented platform is based on an open source code
SIP-based AAA in delay-aware num-oriented wireless mesh networks
Authors: Misiorek Paweł , Walkowiak Przemysław , Karlik Stanisław , Vanini Salvatore 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A growing number of mobile nodes that require Internet access is observed. These nodes may be organized in a wireless mesh network in which some of the nodes may serve the access to the Internet and relay other users’ traffic. Such a vision, however, causes the need for carrier-grade reliable Internet sharing solution. This paper presents a CARMNET-XML protocol, which enables to provide Authentication, Authorisation and Accounting AAA functionalities in wireless mesh networks managed by the Delay-Aware Network Utility Maximization System (DANUMS). The presented solution is a part of a CARMNET system, which integrates the utility-oriented resource allocation provided by DANUMS with the IMS architecture. The system allows users to access Internet with a given quality without the need of extending the operator’s infrastructure. Moreover, we define the scenario of the system application involving the use of the proposed protocol that has been experimentally evaluated in a wireless testbed environment
Multiuser cpm transmission for mimo systems
Authors: Remlein Piotr 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Frequency-Division Multiplexed Continuous Phase Modulation (FDM-CPM) systems with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission are investigated. In this paper, a multiuser reception scheme for CPM MIMO transmission is presented. The analyzed system is designed to achieve high spectral efficiency by exploiting the multiplexing gain of MIMO techniques. To take advantage of the multiplexing gain of MIMO systems, a Zero Forcing (ZF) MIMO detector and a low-complexity iterative algorithm for Inter- Carrier Interference (ICI) cancellation are considered. Numerical simulations have been performed to assess the performance improvement achieved with the proposed frequency-division multiplexed CPM multiuser MIMO system
Carcinogens and Other Toxic Hazards: How Accurate Are Animal Studies?
Authors: Menzel Daniel B 
Published: May 2014

Abbreviations in this article
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
FM: Fast metabolizer
MFO: Mixed-function oxidase system
PM: Poor metabolizer
PMA: 4-Methoxyamphetamine (a hallucinogen)
RNA: Ribonucleic acid
The Right to Inclusive Education Under International Law: Following Italy's Lead
Authors: Kanter Arlene S , Damiani Michelle L , Ferri Beth A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt is estimated in the world today, that more than one billion people have a disability (World Health Organization, 2011). Many people with disabilities receive no education, and, of those who do, few receive an education on an equal basis with their non-disabled peers. In 2006, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The CRPD seeks to achieve equality for people with disabilities in all areas of life, including education. Article 24 of the CRPD specifically calls upon States Parties to “ensure an inclusive education system at all levels and lifelong learning” (United Nations, 2006, Art.24, para. 1). In this article, the authors provide an overview of the right to inclusive education under international law prior to the CRPD, followed by a discussion of Article 24 of the CRPD. The authors then discuss the role of inclusive education in Italy, which has long been regarded as a leader in the field of inclusive education. The authors conclude the article with a discussion of lessons learned from the Italian experience that may help other countries as they work towards implementation of Article 24's mandate of an inclusive education system.
Reconciling modeled and observed atmospheric deposition of soluble organic nitrogen at coastal locations
Authors: Ito Akinori , Lin Guangxing , Penner Joyce E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAtmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) species from air pollutants is a significant source of exogenous nitrogen in marine ecosystems. Here we use an atmospheric chemical transport model to investigate the supply of soluble organic nitrogen (ON) from anthropogenic sources to the ocean. Comparisons of modeled deposition with observations at coastal and marine locations show good overall agreement for inorganic nitrogen and total soluble nitrogen. However, previous modeling approaches result in significant underestimates of the soluble ON deposition if the model only includes the primary soluble ON and the secondary oxidized ON in gases and aerosols. Our model results suggest that including the secondary reduced ON in aerosols as a source of soluble ON contributes to an improved prediction of the deposition rates (g N m−2 yr−1). The model results show a clear distinction in the vertical distribution of soluble ON in aerosols between different processes from the primary sources and the secondary formation. The model results (excluding the biomass burning and natural emission changes) suggest an increase in soluble ON outflow from atmospheric pollution, in particular from East Asia, to the oceans in the twentieth century. These results highlight the necessity of improving the process‐based quantitative understanding of the chemical reactions of inorganic nitrogen species with organics in aerosol and cloud water.
Kinetic Assay of the Michael Addition‐Like Thiol–Ene Reaction and Insight into Protein Bioconjugation
Authors: Ma Fei‐He , Chen Jia‐Liang , Li Qing‐Feng , Zuo Hui‐Hui , Huang Feng , Su Xun‐Cheng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe chemical modification of proteins is a valuable technique in understanding the functions, interactions, and dynamics of proteins. Reactivity and selectivity are key issues in current chemical modification of proteins. The Michael addition‐like thiol–ene reaction is a useful tool that can be used to tag proteins with high selectivity for the solvent‐exposed thiol groups of proteins. To obtain insight into the bioconjugation of proteins with this method, a kinetic analysis was performed. New vinyl‐substituted pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The reactivity of these vinyl tags with L‐cysteine was evaluated by UV absorption and high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy. The results show that protonation of pyridine plays a key role in the overall reaction rates. The kinetic parameters were assessed in protein modification. The different reactivities of these vinyl tags with solvent‐exposed cysteine is valuable information in the selective labeling of proteins with multiple functional groups.
Tin Modification on Ni/Al2O3: Designing Potent Coke‐Resistant Catalysts for the Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Peng Honggen , Liu Wenming , Xu Xianglan , Wang Xiang , Li Changqing , Zhou Wufeng , Yuan Ping , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Wuguo , Zhan Haibo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSn‐modified Ni/Al2O3catalysts for CH4dry reforming were prepared by co‐impregnation and two‐step impregnation methods and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, SEM, TEM, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy mapping, XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2temperature‐programmed reduction, and CO2temperature‐programmed desorption. After reduction, surface Ni‐Sn alloys were formed on the Ni particles, which changed the inherent activity of Ni sites and suppressed coking effectively with a mild loss of the activity. The catalysts with different amounts of surface Ni‐Sn alloys also provided strong evidence to prove that the coking rate and activity change tendency correlate well with the amount of the surface alloys. These results are of help to develop catalysts with potent resistance to coking for industrial use.
Operations and Thermodynamics of an Artificial Rotary Molecular Motor in Solution
Authors: Moro Lorenzo , di Giosia Matteo , Calvaresi Matteo , Bakalis Evangelos , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA general framework is provided that makes possible the estimation of time‐dependent properties of a stochastic system moving far from equilibrium. The process is investigated and discussed in general terms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The approach is simple and can be exploited to gain insight into the dynamics of any molecular‐level machine. As a case study, the dynamics of an artificial molecular rotary motor, similar to the inversion of a helix, which drives the motor from a metastable state to equilibrium, are examined. The energy path that the motor walks was obtained from the results of atomistic calculations. The motor undergoes unidirectional rotation and its entropy, internal energy, free energy, and net exerted force are given as a function of time, starting from the solution of Smoluchowski’s equation. The rather low value of the organization index, that is, the ratio of the work done by the particle against friction during the unidirectional motion per available free energy, reveals that the motion is mainly subject to randomness, and the amount of energy converted to heat due to the directional motion is very small.
Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Metal‐Free Carbocatalyst for Polymerization of 1‐Naphthylamine
Authors: Tan Lin , Zhang Yong‐Chen , Wang Bin , Luo He‐Ming , Feng Hui‐Xia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (RGO) is used as a carbocatalyst for the electrochemical polymerization and in situ polymerization of 1‐naphthylamine (1‐NPA). Compared with graphene oxide (GO), RGO shows a much higher heterogeneous catalytic activity, not only on a solid electrode surface, but also in the liquid phase. The catalytic procedure is monitored by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy.
Coevaporated calcium‐silver metal alloys as contact for highly transparent organic solar cells
Authors: Meiss Jan , Ziehlke Hannah , Schubert Sylvio , Leo Karl , Riede Moritz 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present 10‐nm thick metal alloys created by coevaporation of calcium and silver as transparent top electrode for inverted bulk heterojunction small‐molecule organic solar cells (SMOSC). It is shown that such alloys exhibit sufficiently high conductivity to replace previously used thicker (>14 nm) pure Ag contacts. At the same time, Ca:Ag alloys have higher transmittance compared to pure Ag, which is desirable for semitransparent SMOSC where the light passes through the device and the metal contact. We find that a metal contact consisting of 1 nm Ag underlayer and 10 nm Ca:Ag of 1:1 mixing ratio (total Ag content by volume of 6 nm) on glass has an average transmittance in the visible range of 76% with a sheet resistance of 27.1 Ω/□, approaching the performance of ITO while being applied by a much gentler deposition method. Application of 10‐nm thick alloys in semitransparent SMOSC lead to transmittance in the visible range Tvis of up to 49% and efficiency η of up to 2.3%, showing superior performance compared to devices with pure Ag top contacts.
Clinical and bacteriological influence of diabetes mellitus on deep neck infection: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hidaka Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Hasegawa Jun , Yano Hisakazu , Kakuta Risako , Ozawa Daiki , Nomura Kazuhiro , Katori Yukio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus has been recognized as the most common systemic disease associated with deep neck infection. We report the first systematic review and meta‐analysis of the influence of diabetes on clinical and bacteriological characteristics of deep neck infection.MethodsArticles were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society database. A critical review of 227 studies identified 20 studies eligible for quantitative synthesis.ResultsDiabetes was associated with higher prevalences of multispace spread of infection, complications, and failure to identify pathogenesis, with risk ratios (RRs) of 1.96, 2.42, and 1.29, respectively. Bacteriologically, patients with diabetes showed a higher prevalence of culture identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae (RR, 3.28), and lower prevalences of Streptococcus spp. (RR, 0.57) and anaerobes (RR, 0.54).ConclusionDeep neck infection with diabetes differs from that without in several clinical aspects. Again, bacteriological differences imply that diabetic infections might be populated by different bacterial flora. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1536–1546, 2015
Prospective randomized study on injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy comparing intraoperative nerve monitoring and a conventional technique
Authors: Masuoka Hiroo , Miyauchi Akira , Higashiyama Takuya , Yabuta Tomonori , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Ito Yasuhiro , Kihara Minoru , Kobayashi Kaoru , Yamada Osamu , Nakayama Ayako , Miya Akihiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) is susceptible to injuries during thyroidectomy, causing voice impairment. Intraoperative nerve monitoring may facilitate identification of the nerve, reducing voice impairment.MethodsA total of 252 patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to group N (the NIM‐Response 3.0 system was used) or group C (the conventional technique using the Vari‐Stim 3 was used) to identify the external branch of the SLNs. The primary endpoint was the identification rate of the external branch of the SLN. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative voice impairment.ResultsThe visual and the electrostimulatory identification rates of the external branch of the SLN in group N and group C were 48.8% versus 17.8% (p < .001) and 89.2% versus 17.8% (p < .001), respectively. The proportion of female patients who had subjective voice impairment was significantly smaller in group N than in group C.ConclusionThe use of the NIM‐Response 3.0 significantly improved the identification rate of the external branch of the SLN during thyroidectomy, reducing voice impairment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1456–1460, 2015
An evaluation of oral dabigatran etexilate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in hemodialysis
Authors: Wilson Jo‐Anne S. , Goralski Kerry B. , Soroka Steven D. , Morrison Matthew , Mossop Paula , Sleno Lekha , Wang Yan , Anderson David R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDabigatran etexilate represents a possible improved alternative to warfarin for anticoagulation in hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective was to determine dabigatran plasma concentrations and anticoagulant effects following administration of a single 110 mg oral dose of dabigatran etexilate to 10 adult patients immediately prior to starting hemodialysis. Mass spectrometry and the Hemoclot® assay were used, respectively, to determine free (unconjugated) dabigatran concentrations and thrombin time (TT) in plasma samples collected intermittently over 48 hours. The median time (tmax) to reach the maximum plasma‐free dabigatran concentration (Cmax) was 2 hours (range 1–3 hours). The mean free dabigatran Cmax was 95.5 ± 33.4 ng/mL. The mean elimination half‐lives on and off hemodialysis were, respectively, 2.6 ± 1.3 and 30.2 ± 7.8 hours. Hemodialysis effectively removed dabigatran with an extraction ratio of 0.63 ± 0.07. The maximal TT ratio was 2.1 and the TT ratio demonstrated a strong linear dependence on free dabigatran concentration (r2 = 0.741). A 110 mg oral dabigatran dose prior to hemodialysis was rapidly absorbed and achieved therapeutic concentrations. Hemodialysis effectively removed dabigatran from the plasma and may be an effective means of accelerating the elimination of dabigatran in circumstances of excessive anticoagulation.
Verbal Learning Deficits in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression
Authors: Scheiner Diane L. , Keilp John , Mindt Monica Rivera , Burke Ainsley K. , Oquendo Maria A. , Mann J. John 
Published: May 2014

AbstractVerbal learning and memory deficits are frequently reported in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but may be a product of its psychiatric comorbidities, especially major depressive disorder (MDD). To evaluate this hypothesis, 25 medication‐free patients with PTSD and comorbid MDD were compared to 148 medication‐free patients with equally severe MDD alone and to 96 nonpatients on a measure of verbal learning and memory. Additional measures of attention, working memory, and executive function were administered to evaluate their contribution to verbal memory impairment. Patients with comorbid PTSD and MDD demonstrated the greatest deficit in verbal learning compared to both MDD patients and nonpatients (omnibus effect sizes ranged d = 0.41 to 0.50), one that was not accounted for by other cognitive deficits. Findings suggest that a current diagnosis of PTSD makes a contribution to verbal learning deficits beyond the effect of depression alone.
How Do I Test for Postural Stability?
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Vittal Padmaja , Maldonado John 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne of the core elements of Parkinson's disease is postural reflex compromise. To test postural stability, the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society revision of the UPDRS (MDS‐UPDRS) provides very specific instructions for uniform and safe testing. Item 3.12 (postural stability) is assessed after properly positioning the subject and explaining the testing procedure. After, the rater pulls briskly on the shoulders so that the subject must step backward and attempt to stabilize without falling. Based on the stability response, the rater enters the appropriate integer (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) using the descriptive anchors for this item from the overall scale. With following proper safety measures and guidelines, all raters can perform this testing maneuver.
When responsible downsizing strategy meets employee-oriented leadership: Implications for downsizing performance
Authors: Tsai Philip Cheng-Fei , Shih Chih-Ting 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study examines whether a responsible downsizing strategy and employee-oriented leadership are complementary in strengthening firm performance after downsizing. This study investigated 154 firms that have used an organizational downsizing strategy with surveys and follow-up focus groups. Results of both the empirical evidence and qualitative data demonstrates that for firms adopting an employee-oriented leadership style, the level of responsible downsizing strategy is high and firm performance is significantly increased. Specifically, the results of the focus groups indicate that a responsible downsizing strategy deepens the loyalty and faith of employees to their employer. These theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Organizational trust and performance: Is organizational learning capability a missing link?
Authors: Guinot Jacob , Chiva Ricardo , Mallén Fermín 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDespite the fact that the majority of studies have suggested that it is beneficial for organizational performance, some empirical evidence has generated contradictory results concerning these variables. For this reason, this research attempts to look in-depth at the relationships between trust and organizational performance, using organizational learning capability as an explanatory variable. To confirm the hypotheses, the structural equation technique was used on data from a survey carried out in Spanish firms with recognized excellence in human resources management. The results obtained show that, in these firms, organizational learning capability mediates in the relationship between trust and organizational performance.
Fabricating nanopores with diameters of sub-1 nm to 3 nm using multilevel pulse-voltage injection
Authors: Yanagi Itaru , Akahori Rena , Hatano Toshiyuki , Takeda Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo date, solid-state nanopores have been fabricated primarily through a focused-electronic beam via TEM. For mass production, however, a TEM beam is not suitable and an alternative fabrication method is required. Recently, a simple method for fabricating solid-state nanopores was reported by Kwok, H. et al. and used to fabricate a nanopore (down to 2 nm in size) in a membrane via dielectric breakdown. In the present study, to fabricate smaller nanopores stably—specifically with a diameter of 1 to 2 nm (which is an essential size for identifying each nucleotide)—via dielectric breakdown, a technique called “multilevel pulse-voltage injection” (MPVI) is proposed and evaluated. MPVI can generate nanopores with diameters of sub-1 nm in a 10-nm-thick Si3N4 membrane with a probability of 90%. The generated nanopores can be widened to the desired size (as high as 3 nm in diameter) with sub-nanometre precision and the mean effective thickness of the fabricated nanopores was 3.7 nm.