bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tool-Workpiece Interface Temperature Measurement in Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Fehrenbacher Axel , Schmale Joshua R. , Zinn Michael R. , Pfefferkorn Frank E. 
Published: July 2013

The objectives of this work are to develop an improved temperature measurement system for Friction Stir Welding (FSW). FSW is a novel joining technology enabling welds with excellent metallurgical and mechanical properties, as well as significant energy consumption and cost savings compared to traditional fusion welding processes.
The measurement of temperatures during FSW is employed for process monitoring, heat transfer model verification and process control, but current methods have limitations due to their restricted spatial and temporal resolution and have found only few industrial applications so far. Thermocouples, which are most commonly used, are either placed too far away from the weld zone or are destructively embedded into the weld path, and therefore fail to provide suitable data about the dynamic thermal phenomena at the tool-workpiece interface.
Previous work showed that temperatures at the tool shoulder-workpiece interface can be measured and utilized for closed-loop control of temperature. The method is improved by adding an additional thermocouple at the tool pin-workpiece interface to gain better insight into the temperature distribution in the weld zone. Both thermocouples were placed in through holes right at the interface of tool and workpiece so that the sheaths are in contact with the workpiece material. This measurement strategy reveals dynamic temperature variations at the shoulder and the pin within a single rotation of the tool in real-time.
Due to the thermocouple’s limited response time and inherent delays due to physical heat conduction, the temperature response is experiencing attenuation in magnitude and a phase lag. Heat transfer models were constructed to correct for this issue. It was found that the highest temperatures are between the advancing side and the trailing edge of the tool. Further work is needed to increase the accuracy of the correction. Experimental results show that the weld quality is sensitive to the measured interface temperatures, but that temperature is not the only factor influencing the weld quality.
The dynamic temperature measurements obtained with the current system are of unmatched resolution, fast and reliable and are likely to be of interest for both fundamental studies and process control of FSW.
Statistical Process Monitoring With MTConnect
Authors: Atluru Sri , Deshpande Amit 
Published: July 2013

Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques are used widely in the manufacturing industry. However, it is sometimes observed that a deviation that is within the acceptable range of inherent process variation does not necessarily conform to specifications. This is especially true in the case of low volume; high precision manufacturing that is customary in aerospace and defense industries.
In order to study the limitations posed by conventional SPC techniques in such manufacturing environments, a study was undertaken at TechSolve Inc., Cincinnati to develop a standalone SPC tool. The SPC tool so developed effectively communicates with an on-machine probe and analyzes the collected data to carry out a statistical analysis. MTConnect, a new-generation machine tool communications protocol, was used in developing the communication interfaces with the on-machine probe on a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. The XML (eXtensible Markup Language) code used to extend the MTConnect schema to include the data obtained from the probing routines is also presented.
The statistical analysis was developed as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) in LabVIEW. The statistical analysis was carried out as a case study by producing a widget. Real machining was carried out to produce 48 of these widgets using a combination of end mills and face mills. The data obtained during the subsequent quality testing was used to carry out the statistical analysis.
The limitations of conventional SPC techniques during the developmental and analytical phases of the study are discussed. The presence of a chip during an on machine probing routine, the variations due to disparities in tool macro geometry, and the demand for conformance to requirements are studied in the view of a statistical process monitoring standpoint. Various alternatives are also discussed that aim to correct and improve the quality of machined parts in these scenarios.
Integration of MTConnect and Standard-Based Sensor Networks for Manufacturing Equipment Monitoring
Authors: Lee Kang B. , Song Eugene Y. , Gu Peter S. 
Published: July 2013

MTConnect is an open and extensible protocol designed for the exchange of data between shop floor devices and software applications. MTConnect allows manufacturers to facilitate retrieval of information and data from factory devices, such as machine tools, sensors, and controllers. Currently, MTConnect users read data from sensors through proprietary sensor interfaces using adaptors. The suite of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451 standards defines a set of open, common communication interfaces for sensor networks, including both sensor interfaces and network interfaces.
This paper proposes an integration architecture of MTConnect with IEEE 1451 standard-based sensor networks. In the architecture, MTConnect plays a network interface role in the IEEE 1451 standard-based sensor networks via an MTConnect Agent. An adaptor is used to provide the mapping between the MTConnect Agent and the IEEE 1451 sensor network. A prototype system integrating MTConnect with IEEE 1451.2-based sensor network has been developed. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the integration.
Distinguishing Epicardial and Microvascular Disease Using Combined Functional and Anatomical Endpoints in a Porcine Model
Authors: Peelukhana Srikara V. , Kolli Kranthi K. , Leesar Massoud , Effat Mohamed , Helmy Tarek , Arif Imran , Schneeberger Eric W. , Succop Paul , Banerjee Rupak K. 
Published: July 2013

For a better treatment of coronary artery disease in a catheterization lab, detection of the relative contributions of the epicardial stenosis (ES) and concomitant microvascular disease (MVD) is important. To diagnose ES, fractional flow reserve (FFR), the hyperemic stenosis resistance index (hSRv) and to diagnose MVD, hyperemic microvascular resistance index (hMRv) have been tested in cath labs. However, for concurrent assessment of ES and MVD, functional parameter utilizing flow and pressure values, pressure drop coefficient (CDP) and combined functional and anatomical parameter, lesion flow coefficient (LFC) are defined. To test the ability of CDP and LFC to account for ES and MVD, they were correlated with the hSRv and hMRv. We hypothesize that CDP and LFC will have a better combined correlation with hSRv and hMRv.
Simultaneous pressure and flow readings were obtained in 11 Yorkshire swine. Single and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted between the FFR, CDP and LFC vs hSRv and hMRv. The correlation coefficient (r) was used to check the strength of correlation.
The individual correlation between hSRv and hMRV with CDP (r = 0.90; r = 0.78) and LFC (r = 0.89; r = 0.95) was stronger compared to FFR (r = 0.63; r = 0.32). The combined correlation between hSRv and hMRv with CDP (r = 0.95) and LFC (r = 0.95) increased from the individual correlation. Therefore, we conclude that CDP and LFC can diagnose ES and MVD concurrently and might prove to be improved diagnostic parameters than FFR.
Louping Ill Virus Genome Sequence Derived from the Spinal Cord of an Infected Lamb
Authors: Marston Denise A. , Mansfield Karen L. , Mearns Rebecca , Ellis Richard J. , Fooks Anthony R. , Johnson Nicholas 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Louping ill virus (LIV) is a zoonotic virus causing fatal encephalitis in young sheep and grouse. We have recovered the complete genome sequence from a spinal cord sample prepared from a lamb that was naturally infected with LIV. This is only the second LIV genome sequence reported and the first prepared from a clinical sample.
Genome Sequences of Two Pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from the One-Humped Camel Camelus dromedarius
Authors: Zubair Saima , de Villiers Etienne P. , Younan Mario , Andersson Göran , Tettelin Herve , Riley David R. , Jores Joerg , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Bishop Richard P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
causes a range of clinical syndromes in camels (
Camelus dromedarius
). We report the genome sequences of two
S. agalactiae
isolates that induce abscesses in Kenyan camels. These genomes provide novel data on the composition of the
S. agalactiae
“pan genome” and reveal the presence of multiple genomic islands.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three O157 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates
Authors: Hazen Tracy H. , Sahl Jason W. , Fraser Claire M. , Donnenberg Michael S. , Scheutz Flemming , Rasko David A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of three enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) isolates that display the O157 serogroup but do not have the Shiga toxin genes (
stx
), which are characteristic of O157 enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
(EHEC).
E. coli
strain RN587/1 has the O157:H8 serotype and possesses the EAF plasmid characteristic of typical EPEC (J. B. Kaper, J. P. Nataro, and H. L. Mobley, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2:123–140, 2004). The other two isolates, strains C844-97 and C639-08, are both O157:H45 and possess the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island; however, they do not contain the EAF plasmid or the
stx
-carrying phage.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Enterovirus 71 Strain Isolated in Brunei in 2006
Authors: Zaini Zainun , McMinn Peter 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequence of a human enterovirus 71 strain isolated in Brunei in 2006 was determined. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence classified this strain into subgenogroup B5.
Quality indicators of clinical cancer care (QC3) in colorectal cancer
Authors: Bianchi Valentina , Spitale Alessandra , Ortelli Laura , Mazzucchelli Luca , Bordoni Andrea ,   the QC3 CRC Working Group
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesAssessing the quality of cancer care (QoCC) has become increasingly important to providers, regulators and purchasers of care worldwide. The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based quality indicators (QIs) for colorectal cancer (CRC) to be applied in a population-based setting.DesignA comprehensive evidence-based literature search was performed to identify the initial list of QIs, which were then selected and developed using a two-step-modified Delphi process involving two multidisciplinary expert panels with expertise in CRC care, quality of care and epidemiology.SettingThe QIs of the clinical cancer care (QC3) population-based project, which involves all the public and private hospitals and clinics present on the territory of Canton Ticino (South Switzerland).ParticipantsTicino Cancer Registry, The Colorectal Cancer Working Group (CRC-WG) and the external academic Advisory Board (AB).Main outcome measuresSet of QIs which encompass the whole diagnostic-treatment process of CRC.ResultsOf the 149 QIs that emerged from 181 sources of literature, 104 were selected during the in-person meeting of CRC-WG. During the Delphi process, CRC-WG shortened the list to 89 QI. AB finally validated 27 QIs according to the phase of care: diagnosis (N=6), pathology (N=3), treatment (N=16) and outcome (N=2).ConclusionsUsing the validated Delphi methodology, including a literature review of the evidence and integration of expert opinions from local clinicians and international experts, we were able to develop a list of QIs to assess QoCC for CRC. This will hopefully guarantee feasibility of data retrieval, as well as acceptance and translation of QIs into the daily clinical practice to improve QoCC. Moreover, evidence-based selected QIs allow one to assess immediate changes and improvements in the diagnostic-therapeutic process that could be translated into a short-term benefit for patients with a possible gain both in overall and disease-free survival.
The epidemiology of malpractice claims in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Wallace E , Lowry J , Smith S M , Fahey T 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to examine the epidemiology of malpractice claims in primary care.DesignA computerised systematic literature search was conducted. Studies were included if they reported original data (≥10 cases) pertinent to malpractice claims, were based in primary care and were published in the English language. Data were synthesised using a narrative approach.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsMalpractice claimants.Primary outcomeMalpractice claim (defined as a written demand for compensation for medical injury). We recorded: medical misadventure cited in claims, missed/delayed diagnoses cited in claims, outcome of claims, prevalence of claims and compensation awarded to claimants.ResultsOf the 7152 articles retrieved by electronic search, a total of 34 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative analysis. Twenty-eight studies presented data from medical indemnity malpractice claims databases and six studies presented survey data. Fifteen studies were based in the USA, nine in the UK, seven in Australia, one in Canada and two in France. The commonest medical misadventure resulting in claims was failure to or delay in diagnosis, which represented 26–63% of all claims across included studies. Common missed or delayed diagnoses included cancer and myocardial infarction in adults and meningitis in children. Medication error represented the second commonest domain representing 5.6–20% of all claims across included studies. The prevalence of malpractice claims in primary care varied across countries. In the USA and Australia when compared with other clinical disciplines, general practice ranked in the top five specialties accounting for the most claims, representing 7.6–20% of all claims. However, the majority of claims were successfully defended.ConclusionsThis review of malpractice claims in primary care highlights diagnosis and medication error as areas to be prioritised in developing educational strategies and risk management systems.
Physiological variables associated with the development of acute mountain sickness at the South Pole
Authors: Harrison Michael F , Anderson Paul J , Miller Andrew D , O'Malley Kathy A , Richert Maile L , Johnson Jacob B , Johnson Bruce D 
Published: July 2013

Exposure to altitudes >2500 m can result in acute mountain sickness (AMS), a mild and usually self-limiting condition. Research has attempted to identify factors associated with developing AMS without controlling important factors related to the ascent or collecting a comprehensive set of variables.ObjectivesThe Antarctic Study of Altitude Physiology (ASAP) investigated variables associated with the development of AMS in adults experiencing rapid passive transport to altitude by airplane.DesignOur prospective observational trial collected data, including personal history, anthropometrics, vital signs, blood samples and pulmonary function, at sea level and at altitude. Statistical analysis utilised independent sample t tests to investigate between-group differences (p<0.05) and a forward, step-wise binary logisitic regression analysis was performed.ParticipantsOf 248 eligible ASAP participants, those who did not use acetazolamide (N=98) were included in the present analysis.Primary outcome measuresThe diagnosis of AMS using the Lake Louise Symptom Score.ResultsAnalysis of participants not using acetazolamide (n=90) found 30 participants developed AMS and 60 participants did not. Estimated plasma volume decreased significantly at altitude (p=0.025) in the AMS group as compared with the No AMS group while body weight did not change (p=0.125). Serum sodium (p=0.045) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.049) levels were higher in the No AMS group. A logistic regression analysis emphasised the contributions of LDL and eosinophil levels in the development of AMS.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the body water regulation and inflammation are key factors in AMS development when all other factors such as the level of physical exertion during ascent, the rate and magnitude of ascent and the use of acetazolamide are controlled.
Accuracy of evidence-based criteria for identifying an incident hip fracture in the absence of the date of injury: a retrospective database study
Authors: Vu Trang , Davie Gabrielle , Barson David , Day Lesley , Finch Caroline F 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesHospital discharge data (HDD) in many health systems do not capture the date of injury (DOI); the absence of this date hinders researchers’ ability to distinguish repeat from incident injury admissions. Various approaches using somewhat arbitrary criteria have been explored to increase the accuracy of incident injury identification. However, these approaches have not been validated against a data source which contains DOI. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of evidence-based criteria for identifying fall-related incident hip fractures in the absence of DOI using HDD containing DOI as the reference standard.DesignRetrospective database study.SettingNew Zealand.Participants8761 patients aged 65+ years admitted for fall-related hip fracture between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2008, inclusive.Outcome measuresWe defined person-identifying HDD containing DOI as the reference standard and calculated measures of the accuracy of evidence-based criteria for identifying fall-related incident hip fractures from HDD not containing DOI. The criteria were principal diagnosis of hip fracture, mechanism of injury indicating a fall, admission type emergency, admission source other than a transfer and presence of hip operation code(s). For a subsequent fall-related hip fracture, additional criteria were time between successive hip fractures ≥120 days, and all external cause-of-injury codes being different to those for the previous hip fracture.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the criteria for identifying fall-related incident hip fractures from data not containing DOI were 96.7% and 99.3%, respectively, compared with the reference standard. The application of these criteria resulted in a slight underestimation of the percentage of patients with multiple hip fractures.ConclusionsAlthough it is preferable to have DOI; this study demonstrates that evidence-based criteria can be used to reliably identify fall-related incident hip fractures from the person-identifying HDD when DOI is unavailable.
Quality evaluation through self-assessment: a novel method to gain insight into ERCP performance
Authors: Ekkelenkamp Vivian E , Koch Arjun D , Haringsma Jelle , Poley Jan-Werner , van Buuren Henk R , Kuipers Ernst J , de Man Robert A 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThe American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Committee on Outcomes Research has recommended monitoring nine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-specific quality indicators for quality assurance in ERCP. With the development of a self-assessment tool for ERCP (Rotterdam Assessment Form for ERCP—RAF-E), key indicators can easily be assessed.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test in daily practice an easy-to-use form for assessment of procedural quality in ERCP and to determine ERCP quality outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital.DesignThis was a prospective study carried out in a tertiary referral hospital. In January 2008, a quality self-assessment programme was started. Five qualified endoscopists participated in this study. All ERCPs were appraised using RAF-E. Primary parameters were common bile duct (CBD) cannulation rate and procedural success. The indication was classified and procedural difficulty was graded; success rates of therapeutic interventions were measured for all different difficulty degrees.ResultsA total number of 1691 ERCPs were performed. 1515 (89.6%) of these were appraised using RAF-E. Median CBD cannulation success rate was 94.1%. Successful sphincterotomy was accomplished in almost all patients (median 100%; range 98.2–100%). Stent placement was successful in 97.8% and complete stone extraction, if indicated, was achieved in 86.8%.ConclusionsQuality indicators for ERCP can be measured using the Rotterdam self-assessment programme for ERCP. Outcome data in ERCPs obtained with this RAF-E provide insight into the quality of individual as well as group performance and can be used to assess and set standards for quality control in ERCP.
False positivity in HER2 testing of breast cancer: novel paths for approaching an old dilemma
Authors: Nunes Cristiana Buzelin , Rocha Rafael Malagoli , Buzelin Marcelo Araújo , Balabram Débora , de Souza Foureaux Fernanda , Porto Simone Souza , Gobbi Helenice 
Published: July 2013

AimsVariability in determining HER2 status has been reported, especially, differences in sensitivity and specificity among commercially available antibodies, with false positive and false negative results. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of five anti-HER2 antibodies by immunohistochemistry (IHC), using the new dual colour brightfield in situ hybridisation (DDISH) as the gold standard, on invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) arrays.Material and methodsSerial sections from tissue microarrays (TMA) containing 200 preselected primary IBC were submitted to DDISH (VENTANA INFORM HER2 Dual ISH assay), and immunohistochemistry, using Dako A0485 and HercepTest (polyclonal), Novocastra CB11 (mouse monoclonal), NeoMarkers SP3 and Ventana 4B5 (rabbit monoclonal).ResultsFrom the initial 200 cases, 184 were assessed by DDISH and IHC. The concordance among the antibodies was considered very good (kappa statistics varied from 0.82 to 0.9). The overall concordance between IHC and DDISH ranged from 94.1% for CB11 to 96.6% for A0485. The antibodies A0485, HercepTest, SP3 and 4B5 were over 95% sensitive and specific. CB11 was the most specific antibody (97.1%). 60% (CB11) to 83.3% (SP3) of the 2+ cases showed no gene amplification by DDISH. False negative cases varied from 0.5% (A0485) to 3.8% (CB11) of the cases, and false positive from 1.6% (CB11) to 2.7% (HercepTest, SP3 and 4B5) of the 184 cases.ConclusionsThere was very good agreement among the five anti-HER2 antibodies. CB11 was the most specific antibody, but showed more false negative cases. A0485, SP3, 4B5 and HercepTest were highly sensitive and specific, but showed more false positive cases.