bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term and long‐term effects of a psycho‐educational group intervention for family caregivers in palliative home care – results from a randomized control trial
Authors: Holm Maja , Årestedt Kristofer , Carlander Ida , Fürst Carl‐Johan , Wengström Yvonne , Öhlen Joakim , Alvariza Anette 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundFamily caregivers in cancer and palliative care often face heavy responsibilities and feel insufficiently prepared for the situation as caregivers. This study evaluates short‐term and long‐term effects of a psycho‐educational group intervention aiming to increase preparedness for family caregiving in specialized palliative home care.MethodsThe study design was a randomized control trial where family caregivers were allocated either to an intervention or control group. The intervention was delivered as a program including three sessions by health professionals (physician, nurse, and social worker/priest). Family caregivers from 10 specialized palliative home care settings were included. Questionnaires with validated instruments at baseline, upon completion, and 2 months following the intervention were used to measure effects of the intervention. The primary outcome was preparedness for caregiving in family caregivers.ResultsIn total, 21 intervention programs were delivered, and 119 family caregivers completed all three measurements. The intervention group had significantly increased their preparedness for caregiving in both the short‐term and long‐term follow‐up compared with the control group. The intervention group also reported significantly increased competence for caregiving in short‐term but not long. No effects of the intervention were found on rewards for caregiving, caregiver burden, health, anxiety, or depression.ConclusionsThe psycho‐educational intervention has the potential to be used by health professionals to improve preparedness for caregiving among family caregivers in palliative care both in short and long terms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LGM Permafrost Thickness and Extent in the Northern Hemisphere derived from the Earth System Model iLOVECLIM
Authors: Kitover D. C. , van Balen R. T. , Vandenberghe J. , Roche D. M. , Renssen H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn estimate of permafrost extent and thickness in the northern hemisphere during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~ 21 ka) has been produced using the VU University Amsterdam Permafrost Snow (VAMPERS) model, forced by iLOVECLIM, an Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity. We present model results that give both permafrost thickness and extent. In the northern hemisphere, permafrost is estimated to have extended southwards to approximately 50°N in Asia and have achieved 1500 m thickness in Russia. The simulated distribution is compared with a reconstruction of northern hemisphere permafrost extent (Vandenberghe et al., ). We contend that the areas which agree with Vandenberghe et al. () are the approximate areas of continuous permafrost during the LGM. In Asia, the model results agree well until approximately 50°N, which is also the approximate 0°C mean annual ground temperature isotherm estimated by iLOVECLIM. South of this limit, therefore, were likely the areas of discontinuous, sporadic and isolated permafrost during the LGM. However, it becomes difficult to model these more sensitive areas of permafrost extent since formation is dependent on local factors that are too fine for our grid's spatial resolution. In Europe, the model results disagree with the reconstruction but this was to be expected since iLOVECLIM is known to carry a warm bias in this region. For permafrost thickness, we compare our estimates with previous research and find that we have reasonably close approximations but there is a wide range of uncertainty since the subsurface parameters of lithology and water content are generalised. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary ventilation and micro‐structural findings in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Spoel Marjolein , Marshall Helen , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Parra‐Robles Juan , van der Wiel Els , Swift Andrew J. , Rajaram Smitha , Tibboel Dick , Tiddens Harm A.W.M. , Wild Jim M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundWith increasing survival of patients with more severe forms of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and risk of long‐term respiratory morbidity, studies on lung morphology are needed. We used hyperpolarised 3He MRI and anatomical 1H MRI in a cohort of young adult CDH patients to image regional lung ventilation and microstructure, focusing on morphological and micro‐structural (alveolar) abnormalities.MethodsNine patients with left‐sided CDH, born 1975–1993, were studied. Regional ventilation was imaged with hyperpolarised 3He MRI, and the 3He apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was computed separately for the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs. 1H MRI was used to image lung anatomy, total lung volume and motion during free‐breathing.Results3He MRI showed ventilation abnormalities in six patients, ranging from a single ipsilateral ventilation defect (3 patients) to multiple ventilation defects in both lungs (one patient treated with extra corporeal membrane oxygenation). In eight patients, 3He ADC values for the ipsilateral lung were significantly higher than those for the contralateral lung.ConclusionsFunctional and micro‐structural changes persist into adulthood in most CDH patients. Ipsilateral elevated 3He ADC values are consistent with enlargement of mean dimensions of the confining lung micro‐structure at the alveolar level. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:517–524. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robotic single‐site versus laparo‐endoscopic single‐site surgery for adnexal tumours: a propensity score‐matching analysis
Authors: Paek Jiheum , Lee Jung‐Dong , Kong Tae Wook , Chang Suk‐Joon , Ryu Hee‐Sug 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of robotic single‐site (RSS) and laparo‐endoscopic single‐site (LESS) surgery for adnexal tumours and evaluate the feasibility of RSS surgery.MethodsRSS surgery was performed using the da Vinci Single‐Site® surgical platform and LESS surgery using a single multi‐channel port system. Surgical outcomes were compared between RSS (n = 20) and LESS (n = 228) after 1:4 propensity score matching.ResultsAfter the propensity score matching, the RSS group showed longer operating times than the LESS (91.1 vs 66.1 min; p = 0.001). While the LESS showed 1.3% of major complication rates, the RSS group had no perioperative complication. For the LESS, 2.5% of patients needed additional port insertion.ConclusionsThe RSS surgery for adnexal tumours could be performed safely without complications or additional port insertion. Although it showed a longer operating time, further experience and technical refinements will continue to improve operative results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The anatomy of big data computing
Authors: Kune Raghavendra , Konugurthi Pramod Kumar , Agarwal Arun , Chillarige Raghavendra Rao , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAdvances in information technology and its widespread growth in several areas of business, engineering, medical, and scientific studies are resulting in information/data explosion. Knowledge discovery and decision‐making from such rapidly growing voluminous data are a challenging task in terms of data organization and processing, which is an emerging trend known as big data computing, a new paradigm that combines large‐scale compute, new data‐intensive techniques, and mathematical models to build data analytics. Big data computing demands a huge storage and computing for data curation and processing that could be delivered from on‐premise or clouds infrastructures. This paper discusses the evolution of big data computing, differences between traditional data warehousing and big data, taxonomy of big data computing and underpinning technologies, integrated platform of big data and clouds known as big data clouds, layered architecture and components of big data cloud, and finally open‐technical challenges and future directions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on a self‐centering coupling beam eliminating the beam elongation effect
Authors: Deng Kailai , Pan Peng , Wu Shoujun 
Published: October 2015

SummaryTraditional self‐centering coupling beams display a beam elongation effect under large shear deformation. The beam elongation effect conflicts with the rigid slab assumption and may induce harmful compressive stress between the coupling beam and the walls. This paper proposes a novel self‐centering coupling beam, aimed at eliminating the beam elongation effect. The proposed self‐centering coupling beam consists of two connecting parts and one central rocking part. The main feature of the self‐centering coupling beam is the gap between the central rocking part and the one connecting part. This gap provides sufficient space for the beam elongation effect. Friction dampers are installed at the corners of the coupling beam to provide energy dissipation capacity. An experimental study, including three specimens, was carried out. The test results demonstrate the satisfactory self‐centering and energy dissipation capacities of the novel coupling beam. Based on these test results, we quantitatively discuss the pretension force in the pretensioning strands, the friction force of the damper and the gap width in the coupling beam. A finite element analysis is performed, showing that the coupling beam gap protects the coupling beam and adjacent shear wall from damage caused by the beam elongation effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Der “vernünftige Grund” zur Tötung von überzähligen Tieren. Eine klassische
Frage des Tierschutzrechts im Kontext der biomedizinischen Forschung
Authors: Chmielewska Justyna , Bert Bettina , Grune Barbara , Hensel Andreas , Schönfelder Gilbert 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff des vernünftigen Grundes gehört zu den schwierigsten und zugleich am meisten
diskutierten Problemen des deutschen Tierschutzrechts. Dennoch ist der Bereich des Tierversuchsrechts von
der Rechtsprechung diesbezüglich noch nicht erschlossen. Der Beitrag soll in diesem Zusammenhang das
Spannungsverhältnis zwischen der modernen biomedizinischen Forschung und den Belangen des Tierschutzes
verdeutlichen und Lösungsansätze entwickeln.
Assessing the Capacity of the US Health Care System to Use Additional Mechanical Ventilators During a Large-Scale Public Health Emergency
Authors: Ajao Adebola , Nystrom Scott V. , Koonin Lisa M. , Patel Anita , Howell David R. , Baccam Prasith , Lant Tim , Malatino Eileen , Chamberlin Margaret , Meltzer Martin I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveA large-scale public health emergency, such as a severe influenza pandemic, can generate large numbers of critically ill patients in a short time. We modeled the number of mechanical ventilators that could be used in addition to the number of hospital-based ventilators currently in use.MethodsWe identified key components of the health care system needed to deliver ventilation therapy, quantified the maximum number of additional ventilators that each key component could support at various capacity levels (ie, conventional, contingency, and crisis), and determined the constraining key component at each capacity level.ResultsOur study results showed that US hospitals could absorb between 26,200 and 56,300 additional ventilators at the peak of a national influenza pandemic outbreak with robust pre-pandemic planning.ConclusionsThe current US health care system may have limited capacity to use additional mechanical ventilators during a large-scale public health emergency. Emergency planners need to understand their health care systems’ capability to absorb additional resources and expand care. This methodology could be adapted by emergency planners to determine stockpiling goals for critical resources or to identify alternatives to manage overwhelming critical care need. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:634–641)
Supplementation of sodium butyrate protects mice from the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Jin Cheng Jun , Sellmann Cathrin , Engstler Anna Janina , Ziegenhardt Doreen , Bergheim Ina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOvernutrition, insulin resistance and an impaired intestinal barrier function are discussed as critical factors in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Not only butyrate-producing probiotics as well as supplementation of sodium butyrate (SoB) have been suggested to bear protective effects on liver damage of various aetiologies. However, whether an oral consumption of SoB has a protective effect on Western-style diet (WSD)-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and if so molecular mechanism involved has not yet been determined. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed either a liquid control or WSD±0·6 g/kg body weight SoB. After 6 weeks, markers of liver damage, inflammation, toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signalling, lipid peroxidation and glucose as well as lipid metabolism were determined in the liver tissue. Tight junction protein levels were determined in the duodenal tissue. SoB supplementation had no effects on the body weight gain or liver weight of WSD-fed mice, whereas liver steatosis and hepatic inflammation were significantly decreased (e.g. less inflammatory foci and neutrophils) when compared with mice fed only a WSD. Tight junction protein levels in duodenum, hepatic mRNA expression of TLR-4 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c were altered similarly in both WSD groups when compared with controls, whereas protein levels of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, inducible nitric oxide synthase, 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts and F4/80 macrophages were only significantly induced in livers of mice fed only the WSD. In summary, these data suggest that an oral supplementation of SoB protects mice from inflammation in the liver and thus from the development of WSD-induced NASH.
HEIGHT, PARTNERS AND OFFSPRING: EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN
Authors: Tao Hung-Lin , Yin Ching-Chen 
Published: October 2015

SummaryUsing Taiwanese data, this study finds that tall males are more successful in mate selection and reproduction, but the results are weakly significant. Height is not helpful for females’ reproductive success. Specifically, tall males are more likely to have a partner at present or in the past, have at least one child, have more children, have a shorter period of celibacy and have a longer time duration of living with a partner in their lifetime. Using mediation analysis, the study shows that tall males’ reproductive success is not due to their achievements in the labour market (earnings), but is simply due to their heightper se. Finally, a college student data set is used to explore the relation between height and dating hours. Tall male students have more dating hours, but no relation is found between females’ height and dating hours.
Using camera trap data to assess the impact of bushmeat hunting on forest mammals in Tanzania
Authors: Hegerl Carla , Burgess Neil D. , Nielsen Martin R. , Martin Emanuel , Ciolli Marco , Rovero Francesco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBushmeat hunting is a pantropical threat to rainforest mammals. Understanding its effects on species richness, community composition and population abundance is of critical conservation relevance. As data on the pre-hunting state of mammal populations in Africa are not generally available, we evaluated the impacts of illegal bushmeat hunting on the mammal community of two ecologically similar forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. The forests differ only in their protection status: one is a National Park and the other a Forest Reserve. We deployed systematic camera trap surveys in these forests, amounting to 850 and 917 camera days in the Forest Reserve and the National Park, respectively, and investigated differences between the two areas in estimated species-specific occupancies, detectabilities and species richness. We show that the mammal community in the Forest Reserve is degraded in all aspects relative to the National Park. Species richness was almost 40% lower in the Forest Reserve (median 18 vs 29 species, highest posterior density intervals 15–30 and 23–47, respectively). Occupancy of most species was also reduced significantly and the functional community appeared significantly altered, with an increase in rodents, and loss of large carnivores and omnivores. Overall, our results show how ineffective reserve management, with almost absent law enforcement, leads to uncontrolled illegal hunting, which in turn has a significant impact on the mammal fauna of globally important sites for conservation.
Resurgence of measles in Serbia 2010–2011 highlights the need for supplementary immunization activities
Authors: NEDELJKOVIĆ J. , RAKIĆ ADROVIĆ S. , TASIĆ G. , KOVAČEVIĆ-JOVANOVIĆ V. , LONČAREVIĆ G. , HÜBSCHEN J. M. , MULLER C. P. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYBetween December 2010 and August 2011 an outbreak of measles occurred in Serbia with 363 reported cases. Sera and/or nose/throat swabs were collected from 193 patients and tested for measles-specific IgM antibodies by ELISA and viral RNA by RT–PCR, respectively. Epidemiological data were obtained from the surveillance database of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Of the 363 cases involved in the outbreak, 113 were laboratory confirmed. More than one third of the patients were hospitalized (n= 130, 35·8%) and for 15 (4·1% of the reported outbreak cases) the infection was complicated by pneumonia. Mostly pre-school children aged ⩽4 years (37·8%) and adults aged ⩾30 years (27·3%) were affected. The majority of patients belonged to the Roma population with a preponderance of female cases (57·0%). Nearly 94% of the patients were either unvaccinated or of unknown vaccination status. The main outbreak virus was the D4-Hamburg strain. The outbreak in Serbia occurred after several years of very low measles incidence despite a high routine immunization coverage in the general population, suggesting that special efforts to identify and vaccinate susceptible population groups are required even in countries with apparently good disease control.
Association of meteorological and geographical factors and risk of initialPseudomonas aeruginosaacquisition in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: PSOTER K. J. , DE ROOS A. J. , WAKEFIELD J. , MAYER J. D. , BRYAN M. , ROSENFELD M. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYInitial infection with the sentinel respiratory pathogen in children with cystic fibrosis (CF),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Pa), is generally with environmental strains of this ubiquitous organism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between meteorological and geographical factors and risk of initialPaacquisition in young children with CF. Using the U.S. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2003 to 2009, 3463 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 48% (n= 1659) acquiredPaduring follow-up. From multivariable Weibull regression, increased risk ofPaacquisition was associated with increasing temperature [hazard ratio (HR) per 1 °C: 1·13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·08–1·13], dew point (HR per 1 °C: 1·10, 95% CI 1·07–1·13), rainfall (HR per cm: 1·10, 95% CI 1·07–1·12), latitude (HR per 1 °C northing: 1·15, 95% CI 1·11–1·20), longitude (HR per 1 °C easting: 1·01, 95% CI 1·01–1·02) and elevation (HR per 100 m: 1·05, 95% CI 1·03–1·07). These results suggest that environmental factors may play a previously unrecognized role in the aetiology of initialPaacquisition.
Aron Beckerman's City of Light: writing French history and defining immigrant Jewish space in interwar Paris
Authors: UNDERWOOD NICK 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT:This article examines the writing of a little-known, but prolific interwar immigrant eastern European Parisian Yiddish writer, Aron Beckerman, to demonstrate how Yiddish journalism played a pivotal role in defining Paris as a simultaneously French and Jewish space to immigrant Jews living in the city. Engaging urban historical theory on the communal-building effect that public space can have, this article argues that within Beckerman's writings on Paris – its history and specific places within the city – we see a Paris emerge that details a universalist republican identity, which, when read through a Jewish lens, leads simultaneously to a particular immigrant, Yiddish-speaking, leftist Jewish understanding of what it meant to be ‘French’.
Large variability of bathypelagic microbial eukaryotic communities across the world’s oceans
Authors: Pernice Massimo C , Giner Caterina R , Logares Ramiro , Perera-Bel Júlia , Acinas Silvia G , Duarte Carlos M , Gasol Josep M , Massana Ramon 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this work, we study the diversity of bathypelagic microbial eukaryotes (0.8–20 μm) in the global ocean. Seawater samples from 3000 to 4000 m depth from 27 stations in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans were analyzed by pyrosequencing the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal DNA. The relative abundance of the most abundant operational taxonomic units agreed with the results of a parallel metagenomic analysis, suggesting limited PCR biases in the tag approach. Although rarefaction curves for single stations were seldom saturated, the global analysis of all sequences together suggested an adequate recovery of bathypelagic diversity. Community composition presented a large variability among samples, which was poorly explained by linear geographic distance. In fact, the similarity between communities was better explained by water mass composition (26% of the variability) and the ratio in cell abundance between prokaryotes and microbial eukaryotes (21%). Deep diversity appeared dominated by four taxonomic groups (Collodaria, Chrysophytes, Basidiomycota and MALV-II) appearing in different proportions in each sample. Novel diversity amounted to 1% of the pyrotags and was lower than expected. Our study represents an essential step in the investigation of bathypelagic microbial eukaryotes, indicating dominating taxonomic groups and suggesting idiosyncratic assemblages in distinct oceanic regions.