bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight maintenance: challenges, tools and strategies for primary care physicians
Authors: Soleymani T. , Daniel S. , Garvey W. T. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObesity is recognized as a chronic disease and one of the major healthcare challenges facing us today. Weight loss can be achieved via lifestyle, pharmacological and surgical interventions, but weight maintenance remains a lifetime challenge for individuals with obesity. Guidelines for the management of obesity have highlighted the role of primary care providers (PCPs). This review examines the long‐term outcomes of clinical trials to identify effective weight maintenance strategies that can be utilized by PCPs. Because of the broad nature of the topic, a structured PubMed search was conducted to identify relevant research articles, peer‐reviewed reviews, guidelines and articles published by regulatory bodies. Trials have demonstrated the benefit of sustained weight loss in managing obesity and its comorbidities. Maintaining 5–10% weight loss for ≥1 year is known to ameliorate many comorbidities. Weight maintenance with lifestyle modification – although challenging – is possible but requires long‐term support to reinforce diet, physical activity and behavioural changes. The addition of pharmacotherapy to lifestyle interventions promotes greater and more sustained weight loss. Clinical evidence and recently approved pharmacotherapy has given PCPs improved strategies to support their patients with maintenance of weight loss. Further studies are needed to assess the translation of these strategies into clinical practice.
Impact of a Pediatric Dermatology Service on Emergency Department Utilization for Children with Dermatitis
Authors: Beal Brandon T. , Prodanovic Edward , Kuo Jimmy E. , Armbrecht Eric S. , Peter John R. , Siegfried Elaine C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic pediatric skin disease, and it can profoundly affect a family's quality of life. Children with flaring AD often seek treatment in emergency departments (EDs), which leads to expensive care and ineffective long‐term disease control.ObjectivesThe objective of the current study was to determine the effect of a pediatric dermatology service (PDS) on ED use and charges and of disease outcomes for patients diagnosed with AD before and after establishing an intramural PDS.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed electronic medical records of patients presenting to an urban children's hospital ED with diagnoses encompassing the terms AD, eczema, dermatitis and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes 691.8 and 692.9 during the year before (pre‐PDS period) and 3 years after establishing a PDS.ResultsThere were 205 ED visits for dermatitis in the pre‐PDS period and 130 in the with‐PDS period, a 36.6% decrease (p < 0.001). In the pre‐PDS period, 53.7% (n = 110/205) of patients presenting to the ED had moderate dermatitis, compared with 26.2% (n = 34/130) in the with‐PDS period, a 69.1% decrease (p < 0.001). Total ED charges were $142,885 for the pre‐PDS period and $90,610 for the with‐PDS period, a $52,275 decrease.ConclusionsThis study provides a salient example of achieving the triple aim of health care reform: improving health outcomes (decreased ED visits) improving the patient experience (transitioning care from the ED to the more appropriate ambulatory clinical setting), and decreasing the cost of care (decreased ED charges).
Intraday glucose fluctuation is common in preterm infants receiving intermittent tube feeding
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroshi , Kawai Masahiko , Yamashita Sumie , Hata Daisuke 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported on three preterm infants with blood glucose abnormalities after reaching full enteral feeding. Recently, it has been shown that clinically stable preterm infants may have large fluctuations in blood glucose after the establishment of enteral nutrition. We hypothesized that intraday glucose fluctuation is a common finding in preterm infants, but improves at term post‐conceptual age. This report describes a case series.MethodsFrom June 2010 to July 2012, 13 preterm infants (29.5 ± 2.1 post‐conceptual weeks, 1144 ± 319 g) were enrolled in this study. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was conducted on average at 33.5 ± 1.4 post‐conceptual weeks, when they received gastric tube feeding every 3 h in the absence of i.v. glucose supply.ResultsEight infants (62%) had large intraday glucose fluctuation with repeated hyperglycemic (>150 mg/dL) and hypoglycemic (<50 mg/dL) events. In five infants, follow‐up CGM at 36–38 weeks post‐conceptual age showed more stable glycemic changes without any abnormal glucose levels.ConclusionsOn CGM, in some preterm infants intermittent tube feeding resulted in large intraday glucose fluctuation at 31–35 post‐conceptual weeks, but the pattern disappeared before discharge (36–38 post‐conceptual weeks).
Impact of Trade on Canada's Employment, Skill and Wage Structure
Authors: Acharya Ram C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing newly constructed data for 88 Canadian industries (including primary, manufacturing and services), for 15 years (1992–2007), we analyse the impact of trade and technological change on labour demand, skill structure, wage premiums and welfare in Canada. Results show that export growth has no impact, whereas import growth reduces employment growth. But contrary to popular belief, Canada's job loss due to imports has been very small, only about 6,000 persons annually. China's negative impacts are more pronounced in industries where the share of information and communication technology (ICT) capital is rising fast and among low R&D intensive industries. In terms of skill change, ICT use and real exchange rate appreciation are biased towards high skill workers. Imports from the United States and China are skill‐neutral, whereas imports from Mexico are skill‐upgrading. Overall, neither export nor import growth has an impact on the wage rate. However, had there been no imports from China, the annual wage growth rate of high skill manufacturing workers would have been 0.6 per cent higher. Between 1992 and 2007, there was an annual net gain from the rise in imports at about 0.4 per cent of GDP, in addition to the gains obtained from 1992 import levels vis‐à‐vis autarky.
Negative pressure wound therapy limits downgrowth in percutaneous devices
Authors: Mitchell Saranne J. , Jeyapalina Sujee , Nichols Francesca R. , Agarwal Jayant , Bachus Kent N. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMaintenance of a soft tissue seal around percutaneous devices is challenged by the downgrowth of periprosthetic tissues—a gateway to potential infection. As negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used clinically to facilitate healing of complex soft tissue pathologies, it was hypothesized that NPWT could limit downgrowth of periprosthetic tissues. To test this hypothesis, 20 hairless guinea pigs were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5/group). Using a One‐Stage (Groups 1 and 3) or a Two‐Stage (Groups 2 and 4) surgical procedure, each animal was implanted with a titanium‐alloy subdermal device porous‐coated with commercially pure, medical grade titanium. Each subdermal device had a smooth titanium‐alloy percutaneous post. The One‐Stage procedure encompassed insertion of a fully assembled device during a single surgery. The Two‐Stage procedure involved the implantation of a subdermal device during the first surgery, and then three weeks later, insertion of a percutaneous post. Groups 1 and 2 served as untreated controls and Groups 3 and 4 received NPWT. Four weeks postimplantation of the post, the devices and surrounding tissues were harvested, and histologically evaluated for downgrowth. Within the untreated control groups, the Two‐Stage surgical procedure significantly decreased downgrowth (p = 0.027) when compared with the One‐Stage procedure. Independent of the surgical procedures performed, NPWT significantly limited downgrowth (p ≤ 0.05) when compared with the untreated controls.
CFD Simulations of Lifeboat During Sailing Phase in Harsh Weather
Authors: Tregde Vidar , Steen Sverre 
Published: October 2015

A free fall lifeboat is going through several phases during a drop; sliding on the skid, rotation on skid, free fall, water entry, ventilation, maximum submergence, resurfacing and the sailing phase. In the sailing phase, the engine is running, providing propeller thrust, and the vessel is exposed to wind and waves while trying to run away from the host.
CFD simulations of the lifeboat in the sailing phase have been run in regular Stokes 5th order waves, as well as simulations in irregular seas. The regular waves have been set up with different wave heights and wave periods. The set-up of waves have been done to fulfil the requirements in DNV-OS-E406, which is the DNV-GL offshore standard for design of free fall lifeboats.
Validation of the CFD models are done with comparison to model tests from calm water tests as well as self-propelled model tests in waves. Results from full scale tests in calm water and in waves are also used in validation of CFD results.
The hydrodynamic problem solved for 3 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) free running model in waves with thrust force from propeller is solved using the CFD software Star CCM+.
A method for estimating thrust coefficient with a combination of full scale calm water results and results from CFD simulations is presented.
The CFD simulations have shown to give acceptable accuracy for lifeboat in a seaway. Further, the CFD simulations have shown to be very useful for demonstrating fulfilment of requirements in the offshore standard for lifeboats in the sailing phase.
Experimental Investigation on Hydrodynamic Performances of a Spar FPSO
Authors: Lu Haining , Wang Jin , Kou Yufeng , Qi Xiaoliang 
Published: October 2015

A deepwater Spar Drilling Production Storage Offloading (SDPSO) floating system or Spar FPSO that integrates Spar dry-tree production, oil storage and offloading has been proposed for offshore oil exploitation. Benefits of the deep drafted first generation classic Spar, such as excellent stability and hydrodynamic performances that allow dry tree drilling and production, large capacity of the mid hull section for oil storage, cost efficiency for construction and save in-service operations, are combined to provide a competitive solution from moderate deep water of 300m to ultra-deep water of 3,000m.
The present Spar FPSO is proposed for the potential deepwater oil field development in South China Sea. It uses the hull mid-section with large capacity for wet oil storage, utilizing the density difference between the oil and the sea water for wet storage and oil-water displacement in the storage tank. To demonstrate the feasibility and to investigate its hydrodynamic performances of the Spar FPSO, comprehensive experimental investigations, including the in-place model tests in the deepwater offshore basin and the VIM model tests in the towing tank, have been undertaken. For the in-place model tests, both the stand alone and the tandem offloading conditions were considered. The classic Spar hull, the taut mooring system and the top tensioned risers (TTRs) were all included to represent the coupling effects of the whole system. Various metocean environments, such as the 100-year storm, the 1-year storm and the offloading condition, were considered to give a complete assessment. Different mooring configurations were also studied to adapt to the deep and moderate water depths correspondingly. The global responses, such as the hull six degree of freedom motions, top tensions of mooring lines and risers, possible green water occurrences, were monitored and recorded in real time. Additionally, a preliminary VIM experiment was also carried out in the towing tank since the vortex induced motions (VIM) is one of the most concerned issues for the deep drafted Spar. The VIM characteristics with different heading angles and current velocities were obtained.
It is demonstrated that the Spar FPSO has satisfactory hydrodynamic and VIM performances in metocean environmental conditions in South China Sea. It gives a feasible and competitive alternative with integrated dry-tree drilling, production, oil storage and offloading functionalities for offshore oil field development in deep water depth.
Hydrodynamic Coefficient Maps for Riser Interference Analysis
Authors: Patel Suneel , Sundararaman Shankar , Padelopoulos Pete , Raghavan Kamaldev , Karayaka Metin , Hays Paul , Constantinides Yiannis 
Published: October 2015

Riser wake interference analysis is conducted based on analytical / semi-empirical models such as Blevins’ and Huse’s models. These models are used for modeling the reduction in particle flow velocity due to the presence of a cylindrical object upstream in the flow path. However, these models are often too conservative and accurate only for circular cylinders. Many top tensioned risers (TTRs) use vortex induced vibration (VIV) suppression devices such as strakes or fairings. There is a need for alternate methods to obtain drag and lift coefficient datasets for circular cylinders with strakes and fairings. Two such approaches are to obtain data from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations or from experimental large-scale model test data. Interpolation and/or extrapolation methods are needed to obtain additional data points for global riser finite element analysis.
This paper presents a methodology to obtain hydrodynamic coefficients for TTRs with VIV suppression devices. The proposed methodology uses a combination of empirical formulas based on Blevins’ model and numerical interpolation techniques along with experimental tow tank test data and CFD analysis. The resulting data is then input as user-defined drag/lift coefficients into a global riser finite element analysis to obtain a more realistic riser system response.
Fluid-Structure Interaction of Liquid Sloshing Induced by Vessel Motion in Floating LNG Tank
Authors: Jia David , Agrawal Madhusuden , Wang Chaojun , Shen Joanne , Malachowski Jim 
Published: October 2015

Liquid sloshing in Floating LNG tank could potentially cause strength issue, resonant vibration and fatigue damage of the tank structures. An FSI approach is used in this paper to provide solutions in both fluid domain and structural domain. The dynamic stresses from the solutions can be used to potentially address the three critical issues in floating LNG tank design. The first one is the strength of the tank structure under the peak impact loads. The second one is the resonant vibration when the excitation from the ship motion is near the natural frequencies of the LNG tank. The third one is the tank structure fatigue under dynamic loads that is caused by liquid sloshing due to ship motions even in the normal operation.
In this paper, an FSI approach is used for modeling liquid sloshing induced by vessel motion in a FLNG tank. The scaling law [1] is used in the simulation to reduce the size of the model. Transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is coupled with transient Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD). The gas and liquid inside tank are modelled with Volume of Fluid (VOF) theory. The FSI modeling can be potentially used to assess strength, vibration and fatigue in FLNG tanks due to liquid sloshing. The FSI results show vessel motions significantly affect impact pressure and dynamic stress on the tank. FSI can capture coupled physics of vessel motions, sloshing, impact pressure, and dynamic stress on the tank.
Impact Loads From Drop Test of a Circular Section With 42 Force Transducers
Authors: Lian Gunnar , Økland Ole David , Vestbøstad Tone M. 
Published: October 2015

Results from previous model test campaigns of various large-volume platforms indicate that wave impact loads on vertical platform columns can become high in extreme sea states. Moreover, column slamming is a highly non-linear and complex problem and reliable estimation of Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Accidental Limit State (ALS) design loads is a challenge. A model test campaign dedicated to investigate column slamming has been performed on a large volume platform at Marintek. Special effort was put into designing a model and instrumentation package that could capture the complex phenomenon of slamming due to breaking or near breaking waves as accurately as possible.
As part of the validation of the instrumentation for this test, drop tests were performed on a circular section with 42 force transducers. In the model test, this section was mounted on one of the platform columns for measuring wave impacts. In the present drop tests, the same section was dropped in still water in a small basin. Different impact velocities and impact angles were investigated. High-speed video recordings were also used to document the tests.
This paper presents the setup used in the drop tests. The results from the drop tests are discussed and compared to theoretical solutions.
Wave Impact Loads on Offshore Gravity Based Structure
Authors: de Sonneville Ben , Hofland Bas , Mowinckel Amund , Paulsen Bo Terp 
Published: October 2015

Aibel is developing an offshore power converter platform concept. Its foundation is gravity-based and consists of four columns interconnected by a ring-shaped pontoon at the seabed. The platform is intended for water depths in the order of 20 to 40m. In these waters, breaking waves typically cause large wave loads on the foundation that need to be accounted for in the design. The slamming loads, pressures and air gap at the platform were investigated with a combined approach of physical and numerical modeling. This paper summarizes the set-up, test program, measurement techniques, results and analysis of the physical model tests.
The tests showed that reflection and diffraction patterns caused a significant steepening of the waves between the columns, reducing the air gap and increasing the slamming frequency and magnitude on the downstream columns and underside of the deck. Excitation of resonant wave modes was identified for certain wave frequencies. Although the global wave loads were primarily governed by inertia, largest loads occurred under slamming impacts on the upstream columns, in phase with the inertial force.
Investigation of Ventilation and Current Effect of Tunnel Thruster for DP Applications
Authors: Lu Ping , Wang Sue 
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a CFD simulation to study the ventilation phenomenon of tunnel thrusters in dynamic positioning (DP) mode of a typical North Sea shuttle tanker consisting of two main propellers, two rudders, and two bow tunnel thrusters. Measurements of blade thrust and moment for the propeller shaft (corresponding to propeller torque) with ventilated propellers at different submersion positions are presented and discussed. Additionally, in order to obtain insight into the effect of waves on ventilation which further affects propeller loading and dynamic fluctuations, simulations of a tunnel thruster are performed at different immersion ratios.
This paper also presents and discusses the factors in the evaluation of thruster performance, such as, the extent of present knowledge for tunnel thrusters as related to ahead ship speed, and interaction between thruster jet flow and the mainstream with various drift angles. Moreover, thrust degradation of tunnel thrusters is considered in the thrust allocation algorithms for the DP capability calculation.
The objective of this study is to understand the dynamics of thruster forces. In addition, results of the study provide knowledge for a robust thrust allocation algorithm for dynamic positioning capability assessment.
Comparison of organ‐at‐risk sparing and plan robustness for spot‐scanning proton therapy and volumetric modulated arc photon therapy in head‐and‐neck cancer
Authors: Barten Danique L. J. , Tol Jim P. , Dahele Max , Slotman Ben J. , Verbakel Wilko F. A. R. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:Proton radiotherapy for head‐and‐neck cancer (HNC) aims to improve organ‐at‐risk (OAR) sparing over photon radiotherapy. However, it may be less robust for setup and range uncertainties. The authors investigated OAR sparing and plan robustness for spot‐scanning proton planning techniques and compared these with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) photon plans.Methods:Ten HNC patients were replanned using two arc VMAT (RapidArc) and spot‐scanning proton techniques. OARs to be spared included the contra‐ and ipsilateral parotid and submandibular glands and individual swallowing muscles. Proton plans were made using Multifield Optimization (MFO, using three, five, and seven fields) and Single‐field Optimization (SFO, using three fields). OAR sparing was evaluated using mean dose to composite salivary glands (CompSal) and composite swallowing muscles (CompSwal). Plan robustness was determined for setup and range uncertainties (±3 mm for setup, ±3% HU) evaluating V95% and V107% for clinical target volumes.Results:Averaged over all patients CompSal/CompSwal mean doses were lower for the three‐field MFO plans (14.6/16.4 Gy) compared to the three‐field SFO plans (20.0/23.7 Gy) and VMAT plans (23.0/25.3 Gy). Using more than three fields resulted in differences in OAR sparing of less than 1.5 Gy between plans. SFO plans were significantly more robust than MFO plans. VMAT plans were the most robust.Conclusions:MFO plans had improved OAR sparing but were less robust than SFO and VMAT plans, while SFO plans were more robust than MFO plans but resulted in less OAR sparing. Robustness of the MFO plans did not increase with more fields.
Genome Sequence of
Flavobacterium akiainvivens
IK-1
T
, Isolated from Decaying
Wikstroemia oahuensis
, an Endemic Hawaiian Shrub
Authors: Wan Xuehua , Hou Shaobin , Saito Jennifer A. , Kaneshiro Kenneth Y. , Donachie Stuart P. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Flavobacterium
spp. have been cultivated from diverse aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
F. akiainvivens
IK-1
T
was cultivated from decaying wood of
Wikstroemia oahuensis
, an endemic Hawaiian shrub. The strain's genome sequence may provide insights into niche adaptation and evolution of the genus in a mid-ocean archipelago.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Enteropathogenic Bacterium Campylobacter jejuni Strain cj255
Authors: Siddiqui Fariha Masood , Ibrahim Muhammad , Noureen Nighat , Noreen Zobia , Titball Richard W. , Champion Olivia L. , Wren Brendan W. , Studholme David , Bokhari Habib 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

The enteropathogen
Campylobacter jejuni
is a global health disaster, being one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
C. jejuni
strain cj255, isolated from a chicken source in Islamabad, Pakistan. The draft genome sequence will aid in epidemiological studies and quarantine of this broad-host-range pathogen.
Genome Sequence of Bacillus butanolivorans K9
T
(DSM 18926), an
n
-Butanol-Consuming Bacterium Isolated from Soil
Authors: Wang Jie-ping , Liu Bo , Liu Guo-hong , Chen De-ju , Xiao Rong-feng , Zheng Xue-fang , Shi Huai , Ge Ci-bin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus butanolivorans
K9
T
(DSM 18926) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly aerobic, and
n
-butanol-consuming bacterium. Here, we report the 5.68-Mb genome sequence of
B. butanolivorans
K9
T
, which is the first genomic information of this species that will provide useful information for the genomic taxonomy and phylogenomics of
Bacillus
-like bacteria.