bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions towards lesbian, gay and bisexual people in residential care facilities: a qualitative study
Authors: Neville Stephen J. , Adams Jeffery , Bellamy Gary , Boyd Michal , George Nigel 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundInternationally, increases in the numbers of older people will be reflected in larger numbers of more socioculturally diverse groups of older people requiring care provided by residential care facilities. Covert and overt instances of homophobia are evident within residential care services provided to older lesbian, gay and bisexual people.AimsTo explore the perceptions of care staff working in residential care homes towards older lesbian, gay and bisexual people.DesignCritical gerontology formed the methodological foundations for focus group discussions with care staff from seven residential care facilities. Hypothetical vignettes were used to stimulate discussion amongst participants.ResultsThematic analysis of the seven focus group interviews illuminated three themes: ‘Knowing me knowing you’, ‘Out of sight out of mind’ and ‘It's a generational thing’. Subtle as well as not so subtle forms of homophobia were evident in each of the themes. Care staff felt they were largely unprepared to provide care to older lesbian, gay and bisexual people.ConclusionThis small‐scale New Zealand study identifies that the residential care sector is not always supportive, or prepared, to provide a care service to those people identifying as lesbian, gay and bisexual.Implications for practiceFindings from this study recommend the implementation of principle‐based guidelines, opportunities to participate in ongoing education and partnering with non‐heterosexual community organisations in order to provide culturally appropriate care to older lesbian, gay and bisexual people.
Introducing clinical triage for oral surgery referral management in England
Authors: Coulthard P. , Bailey E. , Bridgman C.M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere has been a significant increase in the volume of referrals from general dentists to hospital oral surgery services over the last decade in England. The referral rate also varies between dentists and the referral systems need to become more sophisticated to understand demand and support needs led commissioning of services.Aim1. Examine received referrals for hospital oral surgery and explore the reasons for selection to consultant led hospital‐based care or specialist primary care. 2. Determine the minimum data set required for the triager to make decisions for selection.Materials and methodsCentral capture and clinical triage of all referral letters received by the Oral Surgery department of a University Hospital.ResultsOne thousand eight hundred and eighty‐five letters were triaged. Nineteen per cent were deflected to primary care including 2% for postgraduate training. Reasons for secondary care triage were anticipated surgical difficulty (43%), teaching and training (21%), need for general anaesthesia (16%), medical co‐morbidities (8%), other indicators (8%) and psychosocial (4%).ConclusionsThe introduction of a central triage system produced a significant amount of data and highlighted several important issues around decision‐making that need to be addressed for future development of the system. The study demonstrated that it is possible to direct a significant proportion of referrals to primary care that were destined for hospital consultant management. However, no account was taken of the quality of the care provided. Review of teaching and training systems in the future can and will be better informed by interrogation of intelligence from a more sophisticated and consistent needs assessment.
Highly interactive nature of flower‐specific enhancers and promoters, and its potential impact on tissue‐specific expression and engineering of multiple genes or agronomic traits
Authors: Wen Zhifeng , Yang Yazhou , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Xiping , Singer Stacy , Liu Zhongchi , Yang Yingjun , Yan Guohua , Liu Zongrang 
Published: June 2014

SummaryMolecular stacking enables multiple traits to be effectively engineered in crops using a single vector. However, the co‐existence of distinct plant promoters in the same transgenic unit might, like their mammalian counterparts, interfere with one another. In this study, we devised a novel approach to investigate enhancer–promoter and promoter–promoter interactions in transgenic plants and demonstrated that three of four flower‐specific enhancer/promoters were capable of distantly activating a pollen‐ and stigma‐specific Pps promoter (fused to the cytotoxic DT‐A gene) in other tissues, as revealed by novel tissue ablation phenotypes in transgenic plants. The NtAGI1 enhancer exclusively activated stamen‐ and carpel‐specific DT‐A expression, thus resulting in tissue ablation in an orientation‐independent manner; this activation was completely abolished by the insertion of an enhancer‐blocking insulator (EXOB) between the NtAGI1 enhancer and Pps promoter. Similarly, AGL8 and AP1Lb1, but not AP1La, promoters also activated distinct tissue‐specific DT‐A expression and ablation, with the former causing global growth retardation and the latter ablating apical inflorescences. While the tissue specificity of the enhancer/promoters generally defined their activation specificities, the strength of their activity in particular tissues or developmental stages appeared to determine whether activation actually occurred. Our findings provide the first evidence that plant‐derived enhancer/promoters can distantly interact/interfere with one another, which could pose potential problems for the tissue‐specific engineering of multiple traits using a single‐vector stacking approach. Therefore, our work highlights the importance of adopting enhancer‐blocking insulators in transformation vectors to minimize promoter–promoter interactions. The practical and fundamental significance of these findings will be discussed.
Striated Muscle Hamartoma in a Newborn
Authors: Fraile Alonso María del Carmen , Román Curto Concepción , Cañueto Javier , Meseguer Carmen , Santos‐Briz Ángel , Fernández Emilia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStriated muscle hamartoma (SMH) is an uncommon benign lesion, that is usually congenital, polypoid, and primarily located on the head and neck. The key histopathologic sign is the existence of individualized fascicles of striated muscle affecting the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. Here we report the case of a newborn girl with an SMH, who presented with a congenital infiltrated plaque on her chin without any other associations.
Multiple Familial Pilomatrixomas in Three Generations: An Unusual Clinical Picture
Authors: King Ian C. C. , Rahman Kazi M. A. , Henderson Alex , Ragbir Maniram 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPilomatrixomas are benign cutaneous tumors derived from hair matrix cells of unclear etiology. Pilomatrixomas commonly demonstrate somatic mutations in CTNNB1, a gene coding β‐catenin, a protein involved with hair follicle development. Multiple familial pilomatrixomas rarely occur and are most often associated with autosomal dominant conditions such as myotonic dystrophy and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Nine families with multiple familial pilomatrixomas and no demonstrable underlying association have been reported in the literature. We present a tenth family in which five members spanning three generations grew multiple pilomatrixomas in the absence of any previously reported associations. No evidence of myotonic dystrophy, FAP, or other known associations was found. Extreme tiredness, behavioral problems, and sensory disturbances were common features across three generations but bore no temporal relation to the pilomatrixomas. The existence of a germline mutation in CTNNB1 to explain these symptoms has yet to be shown. Pilomatrixomas are potentially cutaneous markers of significant underlying pathologies. Patients presenting with multiple or familial pilomatrixomas should be thoroughly assessed for other pathologies and offered genetic screening to ensure that important diagnoses are not overlooked.
Pediatric Hashimoto's encephalopathy with peripheral nervous system involvement
Authors: Salpietro Vincenzo , Mankad Kshitij , Polizzi Agata , Sugawara Yuji , Granata Francesca , David Emanuele , Ferraù Valeria , Gallizzi Romina , Tortorella Gaetano , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHashimoto encephalopathy is a syndrome of encephalopathy associated with elevated concentration of circulating serum anti‐thyroid antibodies usually responsive to steroid therapy. We report a 13‐year‐old girl with Hashimoto encephalopathy and peripheral nervous system involvement. The child had experienced high‐grade pyrexia, global headache and sleeplessness. After admission she had an ileus with a distended urinary bladder, hallucinations and cognitive impairment. She had reduced deep tendon reflexes and distal sensory deficiency. Anti‐thyroglobulin antibodies were raised at 2121 IU/mL (normal, 0–40) and the anti‐thyroperoxidase was high at 886 IU/mL (normal, 0–50). Progressive neurological and psychiatric remission was noted after i.v. methylprednisolone. Follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging showed complete resolution of the foci of signal abnormality previously yielded. This case report is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to describe peripheral nervous system involvement in a child with a diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
Ultraviolet Erythematic Radiation Dose Received by Golfers in Winter, in Valencia
Authors: Gurrea Ysasi Gonzalo , Moreno Juan Carlos , Serrano María Antonia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article analyzes Ultraviolet Erythematic Radiation (UVER) dose received by several golf players in winter in Valencia. Playing golf involves spending several hours outdoors because of the length of golf matches and training. Moreover, in Valencia there are many golf players coming from northern Europe, with a phototype very sensitive (I–II). For that reason, these people have an increasing risk while playing. This article shows that harmful effects coming from UVER radiation may occur not only in summer time but also in winter, especially at these latitudes. VioSpor dosimeters have been used to develop this analysis over several golf players on January 2013 between 10:00 h and 15:00 h, local time.
Heritability of cardiac vagal control in 24‐h heart rate variability recordings: Influence of ceiling effects at low heart rates
Authors: Neijts Melanie , Van Lien Rene , Kupper Nina , Boomsma Dorret , Willemsen Gonneke , de Geus Eco J. C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study estimated the heritability of 24‐h heart rate variability (HRV) measures, while considering ceiling effects on HRV at low heart rates during the night. HRV was indexed by the standard deviation of all valid interbeat intervals (SDNN), the root mean square of differences between valid, successive interbeat intervals (RMSSD), and peak‐valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia (pvRSA). Sleep and waking levels of cardiac vagal control were assessed in 1,003 twins and 285 of their non‐twin siblings. Comparable heritability estimates were found for SDNN (46%–53%), RMSSD (49%–54%), and pvRSA (48%–57%) during the day and night. A nighttime ceiling effect was revealed in 10.7% of participants by a quadratic relationship between mean pvRSA and the interbeat interval. Excluding these participants did not change the heritability estimates. The genetic factors influencing ambulatory pvRSA, RMSSD, and SDNN largely overlap. These results suggest that gene‐finding studies may pool the different cardiac vagal indices and that exclusion of participants with low heart rates is not required.
Apoptosis‐Like Events and In Vitro Fertilization Capacity of Sex‐Sorted Bovine Sperm
Authors: Zhao X‐M , Ren J‐J , Zhao S‐J , Cui L‐S , Hao H‐S , Wang H‐Y , Du W‐H , Qin T , Liu Y , Wang D , Zhu H‐B 
Published: June 2014

ContentsThis study utilized three staining assays (Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1) and TUNEL) for flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in sex‐sorted sperm from four different bulls (A, B, C and D). Correlations between sperm quality and IVF efficiency were then assessed to determine which assay provided the best prediction of IVF efficiency. The results of the Annexin V assays, as well as measures of viable sperm, early apoptosis, necrotic sperm and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) showed that the sex‐sorted sperm collected from bull A significantly differed from those of the other three bulls (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of DNA fragmentation in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly lower than those from bulls B and C (p < 0.05). The percentage of cells reaching the cleavage and blastocyst stages in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly greater than those from the other bulls (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between viable sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In contrast, a negative correlation was found between early apoptotic sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the Annexin V assay was the most reliable technique for the prediction of the IVF success of sex‐sorted bovine sperm.
Principles of Representation: Why You Can't Represent the Same Concept Twice
Authors: Connell Louise , Lynott Dermot 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs embodied theories of cognition are increasingly formalized and tested, care must be taken to make informed assumptions regarding the nature of concepts and representations. In this study, we outline three reasons why one cannot, in effect, represent the same concept twice. First, online perception affects offline representation: Current representational content depends on how ongoing demands direct attention to modality‐specific systems. Second, language is a fundamental facilitator of offline representation: Bootstrapping and shortcuts within the computationally cheaper linguistic system continuously modify representational content. Third, time itself is a source of representational change: As the content of underlying concepts shifts with the accumulation of direct and vicarious experience, so too does the content of representations that draw upon these concepts. We discuss the ramifications of these principles for research into both human and synthetic cognitive systems.
Association of neonatal red blood cell transfusion with increase in serum bilirubin
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Baer Vickie L. , Snow Gregory L. , Butler Allison , Ilstrup Sarah J. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundIt is not clear whether red blood cell (RBC) transfusions typically increase a neonate's total serum bilirubin (TSB) level or if so by how much.Study Design and MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, from 2009 through 2012, we collected TSB measurements before and after transfusions, recording blood types of mothers, neonates, and blood donors and whether phototherapy was used before, during, or after transfusion.ResultsOf 7272 neonates admitted during this period, 658 (9%) received 2597 RBC transfusions. TSB levels were drawn before and after 431 transfusions, 255 of which did not have phototherapy at the time the transfusion was administered. The mean increase in TSB was 2.2 mg/dL (95% confidence interval, 1.9‐2.5 mg/dL). Seven percent of all transfusions and 12% of transfusions to very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) were followed by a TSB increase of at least 5 mg/dL. Transfusions with “universal donor” blood (O–) resulted in a higher TSB increase (p < 0.0001), but the magnitude was clinically insignificant (0.3 mg/dL). Older blood (days since donor draw) did not generate significantly higher posttransfusion TSB levels (p = 0.092). A focused study of the 10 neonates with the highest TSB increases revealed that six were unexplained other than transfusion related.ConclusionsWe describe an association between RBC transfusion and TSB elevation, but we recognize that this does not establish a cause‐and‐effect relationship. However, the observation that an increase of at least 5 mg/dL occurs after 12% of transfusions to VLBW neonates suggests to us that clinicians will want to evaluate jaundice, or measure bilirubin, on VLBW neonates after transfusion.
Invasion of the Central Nervous System by Cryptococcus neoformans Requires a Secreted Fungal Metalloprotease
Authors: Vu Kiem , Tham Rick , Uhrig John P. , Thompson George R. , Na Pombejra Sarisa , Jamklang Mantana , Bautos Jennifer M. , Gelli Angie 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus
spp. cause life-threatening fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS), predominantly in patients with a compromised immune system. Why
Cryptococcus neoformans
has this remarkable tropism for the CNS is not clear. Recent research on cerebral pathogenesis of
C. neoformans
revealed a predominantly transcellular migration of cryptococci across the brain endothelium; however, the identities of key fungal virulence factors that function specifically to invade the CNS remain unresolved. Here we found that a novel, secreted metalloprotease (Mpr1) that we identified in the extracellular proteome of
C. neoformans
(CnMpr1) is required for establishing fungal disease in the CNS. Mpr1 belongs to a poorly characterized M36 class of fungalysins that are expressed in only some fungal species. A strain of
C. neoformans
lacking the gene encoding Mpr1 (
mpr1Δ
) failed to breach the endothelium in an
in vitro
model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). A mammalian host infected with the
mpr1Δ
null strain demonstrated significant improvement in survival due to a reduced brain fungal burden and lacked the brain pathology commonly associated with cryptococcal disease. The
in vivo
studies further indicate that Mpr1 is not required for fungal dissemination and Mpr1 likely targets the brain endothelium specifically. Remarkably, the sole expression of Cn
MPR1
in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
resulted in a robust migration of yeast cells across the brain endothelium, demonstrating Mpr1’s specific activity in breaching the BBB and suggesting that Mpr1 may function independently of the hyaluronic acid-CD44 pathway. This distinct role for Mpr1 may develop into innovative treatment options and facilitate a brain-specific drug delivery platform.

IMPORTANCE
Cryptococcus neoformans
is a medically relevant fungal pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. An intriguing feature is its strong neurotropism, and consequently the hallmark of cryptococcal disease is a brain infection, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. For
C. neoformans
to penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), it first breaches the blood-brain barrier via a transcellular pathway; however, the identities of fungal factors required for this transmigration remain largely unknown. In an effort to identify extracellular fungal proteins that could mediate interactions with the brain endothelium, we undertook a proteomic analysis of the extracellular proteome and identified a secreted metalloprotease (Mpr1) belonging to the M36 class of fungalysins. Here we found that Mpr1 promotes migration of
C. neoformans
across the brain endothelium and into the CNS by facilitating attachment of cryptococci to the endothelium surface, thus underscoring the critical role of M36 proteases in fungal pathogenesis.
Specialized Transduction Designed for Precise High-Throughput Unmarked Deletions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Jain Paras , Hsu Tsungda , Arai Masayoshi , Biermann Karolin , Thaler David S. , Nguyen Andrew , González Pablo A. , Tufariello Joann M. , Kriakov Jordan , Chen Bing , Larsen Michelle H. , Jacobs William R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Specialized transduction has proven to be useful for generating deletion mutants in most mycobacteria, including virulent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. We have improved this system by developing (i) a single-step strategy for the construction of allelic exchange substrates (AES), (ii) a temperature-sensitive shuttle phasmid with a greater cloning capacity than phAE87, and (iii) bacteriophage-mediated transient expression of site-specific recombinase to precisely excise antibiotic markers. The methods ameliorate rate-limiting steps in strain construction in these difficult-to-manipulate bacteria. The new methods for strain construction were demonstrated to generalize to all classes of genes and chromosomal loci by generating more than 100 targeted single- or multiple-deletion substitutions. These improved methods pave the way for the generation of a complete ordered library of
M. tuberculosis
null strains, where each strain is deleted for a single defined open reading frame in
M. tuberculosis.

IMPORTANCE
This work reports major advances in the methods of genetics applicable to all mycobacteria, including but not limited to virulent
M. tuberculosis
, which would facilitate comparative genomics to identify drug targets, genetic validation of proposed pathways, and development of an effective vaccine. This study presents all the new methods developed and the improvements to existing methods in an integrated way. The work presented in this study could increase the pace of mycobacterial genetics significantly and will immediately be of wide use. These new methods are transformative and allow for the undertaking of construction of what has been one of the most fruitful resources in model systems: a comprehensive, ordered library set of the strains, each of which is deleted for a single defined open reading frame.