bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid/Rock Interactions During CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Carbonate Aquifers: Laboratory and Modeling Studies
Authors: Mohamed I.M.. M. , Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in carbonate formations causes a reduction in the well injectivity caused by precipitation of the reaction products between CO2, rock, and brine. The precipitated material includes sulfate and carbonate scales. The homogeneity of the carbonate rock, in terms of mineralogy and rock structure, is an important factor that affects the behavior of permeability changes during CO2 injection.
Limestone rocks that were tested in this study included homogeneous Pink Desert limestone and Austin chalk, which were mainly calcite; heterogeneous Silurian dolomite (composed of 98 wt% carbonate minerals and 2 wt% silicate minerals); and heterogeneous Indiana limestone, which was mainly calcite and had vugs.
Experiments were conducted to compare the permeability loss between these rocks during corefloods. CO2 was injected with the water-alternating-gas (WAG) technique. Different brines were examined, including sulfate-bearing seawater and no-sulfate seawater. The experiments were run at a backpressure of 1,300 psi, a temperature of 200°F, and an injection rate of 5 cm3/min. A compositional-simulator tool (CMG-GEM) was used to predict the Carman-Kozeny and power-law exponents on the basis of the experimental results.
More damage was observed for heterogeneous rocks compared with the homogeneous cores—the source of damage to permeability for high-permeability cores is the precipitation of reaction products—but for low-permeability cores, capillary forces between CO2 and brine increase the severity of formation damage. The form of the precipitated material changes depending on the core mineralogy and permeability. The simulation study showed that for the cores tested in this study, power-law exponent and Carman–Kozeny exponent between 5 and 6 can be used for the homogeneous carbonate rock to estimate the change in permeability depending on change in porosity, whereas a larger exponent is needed for heterogeneous cores.
Synthesis and Size Control of Monodispersed Al-Sulfonated Polycarboxylic Acid Nanoparticles and Their Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Yan Chao , Kan Amy T. , Wang Wei , Wang Lu , Tomson Mason B. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Sulfonated polymers are used in the oil field for scale inhibition. In this study, Al-sulfonated polycarboxylic acid (Al-SPCA) hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by taking an environmentally friendly approach. The particle size of these materials was controlled at approximately 80 nm by applying hydrothermal synthetic methods with urea as a slow-neutralization agent. Reaction parameters (e.g., concentration of salt solution, reaction time, urea concentration, and ionic strength) were investigated to optimize NP synthesis. The mobility of Al-SPCA hybrid NPs decreases dramatically in a 1% (wt/wt) KCl solution. With phosphinopolycarboxylic acid (PPCA) as a dispersant, NPs were well-suspended in a 1% KCl solution. Absorption of PPCA by hybrid NPs increases their negative surface charge and decreases particle deposition. The retention and flowback performance of hybrid NPs was compared with the neat-chemical-squeeze simulation in ground-core-column experiments. The results show that the slow release of sulfonated polymer from solid hybrid NPs in a porous medium may have potential inhibitor-treatment application in the oil field.
Meeting Asia's Future Gas Import Demand With Stranded Natural Gas From Central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia
Authors: Attanasi E.D.. D. , Freeman P.A.. A. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
This analysis shows the important contribution that stranded gas from central Asia, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Australia can make in meeting the projected demand for gas imports of China, India, Japan, and South Korea from 2020 to 2040. The estimated delivered costs of pipeline gas from stranded fields in Russia and central Asia at Shanghai, China, are generally less than delivered costs of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Australia and Malaysia are initially the lowest-cost LNG suppliers. In the concluding section, it is argued that Asian LNG demand is price-sensitive, and that current Asian LNG pricing procedures are unlikely to be sustainable for gas import demand to attain maximum potential growth. Resource volumes in stranded fields evaluated can nearly meet projected import demands.
Finite Horizontal Well in a Uniform-Thickness Reservoir Crossing a Natural Fracture Normally
Authors: Prats Michael , Raghavan R.. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
The instantaneous source solutions of Prats and Raghavan (2012) and the method of images are used to develop analytic expressions for the pressure distribution in a three-region composite reservoir of finite thickness produced by a finite-length horizontal well that is oriented perpindicular to the interfaces. The composite reservoir is assumed to be infinite in its lateral extents; the outer regions represent the reservoir, and the central region represents a thin natural fracture of relatively high permeability. In most of the cases considered, the well is completed in all three zones. The computational scheme is shown to be both viable and robust. The Shanks (1955) transformation is used to accelerate convergence. Pressure traces are logarithmic in time at early and late times for any well configuration examined here. Early-time pressure characteristics are similar to those discussed in Prats and Raghavan (2012). The duration of the early semilogarithmic responses is mediated not only by the presence of the higher-permeability natural fracture, as before, but also now by the interaction of the upper and lower boundaries with the well. Late-time semilogarithmic responses, however, are distinctly different. Their slope is inversely proportional to the product of the formation thickness and the arithmetic average permeability of the two regions that sandwich the fracture. This result holds even when the well does not cross the natural fracture. We expect this conclusion to apply to a composite system consisting of more than three regions. Observations concerning the late-time slope represent the central finding of this study. A relationship is given for the late-time performance of any horizontal well in terms of that of a vertical well with a constant pseudoskin. Pseudoskin equivalents are reported for all cases discussed.
Perception of Tobacco Use and its Health Effects among Computer Professionals Working in a Private Institute
Authors: Singh Neeti , Tamrakar Nijina 
Published: April 2013

Objectives: To understand the knowledge and perception of tobacco use, its health effects and the role of social responsibility on tobacco control among computer professionals. Material and methods: This is a descriptive study carried out on employees of a private information and technology institute in Kathmandu valley. Self administrated structured questionnaire was used for data collection after taking verbal consent. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: Almost 93% of the participants had education level equivalent to bachelors degree or above. Majority had experienced tobacco use in their lifetime (95%). Among current users, 55% had tried to quit at least for once and when asked if they were happy to be tobacco users, interestingly 65.2% said they never thought about it. All the participants were aware of ill effects of tobacco on health. Eighty one percent associated it with cancer in any form while 57% thought tobacco use causes lung diseases. Majority of participants (62%) believed that tobacco products should not be easily accessible with banning of selling in grocer shops, banning advertisements and sponsorships of events by tobacco companies. With regard to their role as a social responsibilities towards tobacco free nation, major opinion expressed were not to use any form of tobacco, sharing their knowledge with others and stopping others from smoking at public places. Conclusion: There is need of lasting behavioral changing programs rather than awareness focused programs to control tobacco use among educated group who are aware of its ill effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.7460 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 10-14
High HIV Prevalence Among Low Income and Laborers in the District of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
Authors: Biswas DK , Bhunia R , Mishra A 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: There were limited data of “People Living with HIV/AIDS” (PLHA). The data of PLHA were analyzed in time, place and person and socio-economic status and recommended for prevention of HIV infection. Objective of study were to describe the PLHAs in term of time, place and person distribution and their socio-demographic status, to detect the mode of transmission of HIV and to recommend for prevention of spread HIV infection and social security. Methodology: The information about socio-demographic status and exposure history of PLHAs since 2010 was collected. Data were analyzed by using Epi-info software. Results: Among 329 PLHAs, 165 (50%) were men and 42 (13%) were children <14 years and they acquired HIV through blood transfusion 26 (62%). A maximum 276 (84%) PLHAs were age group 15 - 45 years. Out of 25 Community Block in district, maximum PLHAs were distributed at Tamluk Block 56 (17%) followed by Paskura 43 (13%). Of PLHAs, 246 (75%) had family income rupees <2000.00 per month and 138 (38%) of them were laborer and 85 (26%) home maker (house-wife). Highest 289 (88%) of PLHAs acquired HIV through heterosexual route. Conclusion: Heterosexual transmission of HIV showed among low income and laborer. The counseling for safe sex practice, employment people and social amenities were recommended. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 1-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7970
Knowledge Reagarding HIV/AIDS Among Pregnant Females Attending Antenatal Clinic at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Fatima S , Afridi NK , Khan S 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Globally, around 34 million people are living with HIV in 2010, and 35% of the pregnant women are tested for HIV in the low and middle income countries. HIV infection in pregnancy has become a complication of pregnancy in some developing countries. This has major implications for the management of pregnancy and birth. With an estimated one and a half million HIV-positive women becoming pregnant each year, almost 600,000 children will be infected by mother-to-child transmission annually. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from October – December 2011 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. It is a tertiary care hospital located in Peshawar. A sample of 200 pregnant females was used to accomplish the study. The targeted study population was all antenatal attendees who were visiting the hospital within the current pregnancy. A pre- coded, pre- tested structured questionnaire was used to gather information on the study variables. The questionnaire included variables related socio-demographics e.g., age, education status, occupation, residence. It also included the gestational age and gravidity of the pregnant females. Results: A total of 200 pregnant females attending the antenatal clinic participated in the study. The age range of the respondents was 17 to 45 years. Age range 17-25 years accounted for the highest percentage (52%). Around 70% of the respondents had no formal schooling while only 18% had got secondary education. Ninety – seven percent of the females were housewives while only 3% were employed. Out of the total respondents (200) only 86 (43%) have heard of HIV while 114 (57%) respondents have not heard of HIV. Conclusion: The study concluded that only 43% of the pregnant females have heard of HIV. Although this is not promising still there is room for improvement. Health education targeting pregnant females is essential. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 9-14 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7972
Tuberculosis or Melioidosis? - Look Twice in Southwestern Coastal India
Authors: Mukhopadhyay C , Krishna S , KE Vandana , Saravu K , Balasubramaniam R 
Published: April 2013

Melioidosis is known endemic in many Southeast Asian countries, especially Thailand, and in Northern Australia. The disease was long considered under-recognized in India but has now gained the status of emerging infectious disease here. Increasing isolation of the causitive agent B. pseudomallei is encountered in the recent years from this part of western coastal India. We report one such case of pulmonary melioidosis in an elderly patient misdiagnosed as tuberculosis ending fatally. Prompt microbiological diagnosis prevents the unnecessary Anti-TB treatment or prophylaxis. This was also our first of isolation of B. pseudomallei from endotracheal aspirate. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 15-18 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7973
Simple and Rapid Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Rifabutin in Plasma
Authors: Hemanth Kumar AK , Sudha V , Ramachandran Geetha 
Published: April 2013

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of rifabutin in human plasma was developed. The method involved deproteinisation of the sample with acetonitrile and analysis of the supernatant using a reversed-phase C18 column (250mm) and UV detection at a wavelength of 265nm. The assay was specific for rifabutin and linear from 0.025 to 10.0μg/ml. The relative standard deviation of intra- and inter-day assays was lower than 10%. The method was able to remove interfering materials in plasma, yielding an average recovery of rifabutin from plasma of 101%. Due to its simplicity, the assay can be used for pharmacokinetic studies of rifabutin. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 26-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7975
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Presenting as a Primary Endobronchial Tumor - A Case Report
Authors: Goel KM , Pritpal K , Sean D , Ajay K , Chaudhary SK , Karan Madan 
Published: April 2013

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) involving the endobronchial tree is uncommon, and the initial presentation of NHL as an endobronchial tumor is extremely rare. Several clinical reports have described bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma as an endobronchial lesion. A 77 year old male hospitalized in another hospital for acute breathlessness and mechanically ventilated. He was shifted to Delhi Heart And Lung Institute because of failed extubation after 3 days of mechanical ventilation and reintubated .Past History of intubation was present 1 month back and diagnosed as a case of acute bronchitis. On evaluation at another hospital, the patient was found to have normal chest radiograph. Chest examination revealed findings consistent assisted ventilatory breath sounds associated with bilateral ronchi. Blood investigations were within normal limit. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the chest revealed endoluminal soft tissue mass lesion at carina significantly obliterating bilateral main bronchi.USG Whole Abdomen revealed mild hepatomegaly and left renal cortical cyst measuring 4×5 cm and grade l BPH.Fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed a globular smooth mass causing near complete obstruction of left main bronchus. Histopathological examination of the endobronchial biopsy showed tumor cells have a round or oval nucleus that appears vesicular because of margination of chromatin at the nuclear membrane, but large multilobed or cleaved nuclei predominate in some cases . Immunohistochemical staining was positive for LCA, CD20, and CD79a and negative for CD3, CD5, CD30, NSE, CK, Ki67, Chromogranin and Synaptophysin. While in the hospital, the patient was managed with mechanical ventilation and symptomatic treatment. FOB and rigid Bronchoscope, debulking of tumour growths was done using electrocautery snare. Patient was continued on overnight mechanical ventilation and extubated after one day. Post extubation, patient remained alright without any respiratory distress and discharged in stable condition. Latter on patient followed in Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Hospital. He underwent PET scan of whole body, which revealed normal study. Patient was managed with chemotherapeutic agents and he is still alive after 3 years of management without any symptoms. NHL rarely presents as an endobronchial growth and only histopathology can differentiate it from other benign and malignant endobronchial masses. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 37-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7978
Spring sea-ice evolution in Rijpfjorden (80° N), Svalbard, from in situ measurements and ice mass-balance buoy (IMB) data
Authors: Wang Caixin , Shi Liqiong , Gerland Sebastian , Granskog Mats A. , Renner Angelika H.H. , Li Zhijun , Hansen Edmond , Martma Tõnu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRijpfjorden (808 N, 22° E) is a high-Arctic fjord on Nordaustlandet in the Svalbard archipelago. To monitor the thermodynamic change of sea ice in spring, an ice mass-balance buoy (IMB) was deployed for 2.5 months (10 April–26 June 2011), with accompanying in situ measurements, sea-ice sampling on three occasions and ice-core analysis. Uncertainties and sources of error in in situ measurements and IMB data are discussed. The in situ measurements, ice-core analysis and IMB data together depict the development of snow and ice in spring. Snow and ice thickness exhibited large spatial and temporal variability. After relatively stable conditions with only little change in ice thickness and accumulation of snow, a layer of superimposed ice ∼0.06 m thick formed at the snow-ice interface due to refreezing of snow meltwater in late spring. Ice thickness (except for growth of superimposed ice) did not change significantly based on in situ observations. In contrast, the under-ice sonar data from the IMB show reflections from a layer deeper than the underside of the ice during the melting phase. This can be explained as a reflection of the sonar pulses from an interface between a freshwater layer under the ice and more saline water below, or as a false-bottom formation.
Anaesthetic arthrography of the shoulder joint in dogs
Authors: Verhoeven G. , Samoy Y. , Polis I. , van Bree H. , Van Ryssen B. , Van Vynckt D. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryObjective To evaluate the use of intraarticular anaesthesia combined with positive contrast arthrography (collectively called ‘anaesthetic arthrography’ [AA]) in the shoulder in order to identify and confirm the source of pain in lame dogs.Methods Anaesthetic arthrography was performed in 30 dogs with shoulder joint lameness with a mixture of contrast medium (iohexol: 240 mg I/ml) and a local anaesthetic (mepivacaine 2%: 20 mg/ml). The effect of intra-articular anaesthesia was evaluated by an objectified visual scoring system and the arthrograms were evaluated for their diagnostic value.Results This study showed that AA was positive in 28 out of 30 dogs. Dilution of the contrast medium with a local anaesthetic produced an arthrogram of good quality for each shoulder joint. In 16 out of 18 cases of osteochondritis dissecans, a cartilage flap could be identified following arthrography. In all cases the flap was not identified from plain radiographs. Biceps brachii tendon pathology was diagnosed on arthrography in seven dogs but was missed in two dogs. Calcification at the caudal rim of the glenoid cavity was diagnosed in three dogs, but was of clinical importance in only two dogs. In addition one infection was diagnosed during synovial aspiration.Conclusion Anaesthetic arthrography of the shoulder is a simple, safe, and reliable diagnostic test to confirm shoulder joint pain and simultaneously identify a lesion. This procedure may be of particular importance in cases of occult shoulder joint lameness when clinical findings and plain radiographs are inconclusive.
New microsatellite loci for Prosopis alba and P. chilensis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Bessega Cecilia F. , Pometti Carolina L. , Miller Joe T. , Watts Richard , Saidman Beatriz O. , Vilardi Juan C. 
Published: April 2013

• Premise of the study: As only six useful microsatellite loci that exhibit broad cross‐amplification are so far available for Prosopis species, it is necessary to develop a larger number of codominant markers for population genetic studies. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers obtained for Prosopis species from a 454 pyrosequencing run were optimized and characterized for studies in P. alba and P. chilensis.• Methods and Results: Twelve markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism in P. alba and P. chilensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged between two and seven and heterozygosity estimates ranged from 0.2 to 0.8. Most of these loci cross‐amplify in P. ruscifolia, P. flexuosa, P. kuntzei, P. glandulosa, and P. pallida.• Conclusions: These loci will enable genetic diversity studies of P. alba and P. chilensis and contribute to fine‐scale population structure, indirect estimation of relatedness among individuals, and marker‐assisted selection.
Case studies and case reports. Management and legal orientations to text
Authors: Resta Simonetta 
Published: April 2013

La linguistique ayant, depuis les années 1970 et 1980 étendu son champ d’études, pour la syntaxe, au-delà de la phrase détachée de son contexte, et pour la sémantique au-delà du mot pris isolément, l’intérêt s’est porté, inéluctablement, vers une linguistique du texte, de champ élargi, dans laquelle à la fois le mot et la phrase sont conçus comme les composantes, indissociables de leur contexte, d’une unité plus globale de communication : le discours. Cette réorientation a conduit à des essais de construction de typologies textuelles, puis à de la textologie comparée, qui étudie contrastivement différents types de textes (ou genres), pour en dégager les critères caractéristiques. Le présent article — qui est pour l’essentiel le reflet d’un travail en cours davantage qu’un apport définitif — montre comment les techniques de micro-analyse du discours spécialisé et l’approche sémiotique plus large peuvent se combiner pour mettre en évidence les similitudes et les différences entre deux genres bien distincts : le compte rendu judiciaire et l’étude de cas en gestion des entreprises.