bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric study of normal acetabulum on computed tomography scan in adults at a tertiary care center
Authors: Adhikari Bijay , Adhikari Pratik , Bhattarai Manoj , Pokharel Shashank , Adhikari Kapil , Gupta Mukesh Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The introduction provides an in-depth understanding of the acetabulum’s anatomical structure and its significance in hip joint biomechanics. It highlights the variability in acetabular morphology among normal individuals, emphasizing the importance of establishing normal ranges for accurate diagnosis of acetabular deformities. The section also underscores the role of geographical, racial, and anatomical factors in influencing acetabular parameters, crucial for orthopedic interventions and surgical outcomes like total hip arthroplasty. Furthermore, it discusses the limitations of traditional imaging methods and the necessity of advanced techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans for precise evaluation and preoperative planning in hip surgeries.

Materials and methods:
The study adopted a cross-sectional design at a tertiary care center, enrolling 94 participants using purposive sampling for CT evaluation of acetabular morphology. Morphometric parameters including center edge angle of Wiberg, acetabular angle of Sharp, acetabular version, acetabular depth, and joint space width were measured using CT scans, while BMI categorization and statistical analyses were conducted to explore gender-based and side-based differences and correlations with BMI and age.

Results:
The study included 94 patients with ages ranging from 20 to 82 years (mean age: 49±15 years), predominantly in the 41–50 years age group. Female participants slightly outnumbered males. The mean BMI was 23.5±3.2 kg/m2, with variations across different age and BMI categories. Most morphometric parameters showed no significant differences between sexes or sides but did correlate with age and BMI, notably the center edge angle positively correlating with BMI in males.

Conclusions:
The study found correlations between morphometric parameters of the acetabulum and both age and BMI. Specifically, the center edge angle demonstrated a positive correlation with BMI in males and a weak positive correlation with age. Acetabular angle showed a negative correlation with BMI, highlighting potential implications for understanding hip joint health and conditions related to BMI changes.
Beyond the womb: pontine hemorrhage’s impact on maternal and fetal outcomes: a case report from Nepal
Authors: Yadav Jeshika , Bhusal Kiran , Thapaliya Ishwor , Bhandari Khagendra , Jha Swati S. , Khadayat Ramesh , Ghimire Asmita 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Strokes cause 37% of cardiovascular-related deaths in women, with 40% during delivery and 50% postpartum. Pontine hemorrhage, a rare cerebrovascular disease, can occur during pregnancy and postpartum, requiring complex diagnosis and management.

Case presentation:
A 33-year-old primipara female presented with headache, vomiting, and altered consciousness at 15 weeks and 5 days gestation. She had no history of head trauma, involuntary urine passage, cough, shortness of breath, palpitation, or per vaginal bleeding. Psychiatric and neurology consultations were conducted to address her symptoms.

Discussion:
Pontine hemorrhage is a rare condition affecting pregnant women, causing mild symptoms like vertigo, ataxia, and dysphagia. Our patient underwent an initial blood investigation with imaging of her brain (CT and MRI) to establish the diagnosis of pontine hemorrhage. It is believed to be caused by hormonal fluctuations, but studies have not proven it. Stroke during pregnancy is rare, with only 10% occurring during the antepartum period. Diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach with history, clinical examination, and radiological imaging like CT and MRI. Treatment involved antiplatelet therapy, which ensured favorable maternal and fetal outcomes for our patient.

Conclusion:
In summary, this case demonstrates the rare incidence of pontine hemorrhage during pregnancy. It highlights the diagnostic challenges and successful treatment with antiplatelet therapy, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive approach to ensure favorable maternal and fetal outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. vaccination during pregnancy: the placenta leads the way
Authors: Pérez-Latorre Leire , Ramilo Octavio 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
To understand the characteristics and determinants of transplacental antibody transfer against SARS-CoV-2 and to compare the differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

Recent findings
The need for information during the COVID-19 pandemic and the exclusion of pregnant women from randomized clinical trials have led to a vast amount of clinical data primarily based on observational studies with diverse design and sample analyses that yield variable results. This review aims to critically and comprehensively integrate the relevant knowledge related to transplacental transfer of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the differences between infection and vaccination.

Summary
Passive immunization is key to conferring protection to the infant during their first months of life. Understanding the mechanisms of transplacental antibody transfer during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and their associated protection will allow optimizing the implementation of well tolerated and effective preventive strategies for both pregnant women and infants.
Association of a modified uterine manipulation method with improved recovery after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Yu-Shu , Bao Ling-Jie , Xiao Yin-Ping , Chang Kai-Kai , Du Yan , Yi Xiao-Fang 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Uterine manipulation with an intrauterine device is the surgical method used for early-stage cervical cancer. In this study, we explored a modified uterine manipulation method without the using an intrauterine device during laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) of patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

Methods:
We retrospectively collected data of patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent LRH between January 2015 and June 2019. The clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients treated with the new method (Group S) were compared to those of patients treated with the conventional uterine manipulator (Group M).

Results:
A total of 100 patients were included in the study, with 54 patients in Group M and 46 patients in Group S. No significant difference was observed in clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups. Compared to Group M, Group S had a significantly shorter duration of postoperative fever (0 vs. 3 days, P = 0.003) and a shorter duration of secondary antibiotic use (4 vs. 5 days, P = 0.035). Additionally, the cost of antibiotics was lower in Group S ($95.45 vs. $135.22, P = 0.032). The modified uterine manipulation method was associated with a lower risk of postoperative fever (P = 0.007). No difference was found in the 2-year disease-free survival (P = 0.409) and 2-year overall survival between the two groups (P = 0.718).

Conclusions:
The modified uterine suture suspension method is easy to perform, enhances postoperative recovery, and could be a viable option for patients with early-stage cervical cancer.
Secreted chemokines and transcriptomic analyses reveal diverse inflammatory and degenerative processes in the intervertebral disc of the STZ-HFD mouse model of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gonzalez Christian E. , Vaidya Rachana S. , Clayton Sade W. , Tang Simon Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe chronic inflammation resultant from type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also associated with spinal pathologies, including intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and chronic neck and back pain. Although confounding factors, such as increased weight gain in obesity, studies have shown that even after adjusting age, body mass index, and genetics (e.g. twins), patients with T2D suffer from disproportionately more IVD degeneration and back pain. We hypothesize that chronic T2D fosters a proinflammatory microenvironment within the IVD that promotes degeneration and disrupts disc homeostasis. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated two commonly used mouse models of T2D – the leptin-receptor deficient mouse (db/db) and the chronic high-fat diet in mice with impaired beta-cell function (STZ-HFD). STZ-HFD IVDs were more degenerated and showed differential expression of chemokines from the db/db models. Moreover, the RNAseq analysis revealed vast transcriptional dysregulation of many pathways in the STZ-HFD but not in the db/db tissues. Taken together, the STZ-HFD may better recapitulates the complexities of the chronic inflammatory processes in the IVD during T2D.
Gene editing of the E3 ligasePIRE1fine-tunes ROS production for enhanced bacterial disease resistance in tomato
Authors: Castro Bardo , Baik Suji , Tran Megann , Zhu Jie , Li Tianrun , Tang Andrea , Aoun Nathalie , Blundell Alison C , Gomez Michael , Zhang Elaine , Cho Myeong-Je , Lowe-Power Tiffany , Siddique Shahid , Staskawicz Brian , Coaker Gitta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is required for effective plant defense. Accumulation of the Arabidopsis NADPH oxidase RBOHD is regulated by phosphorylation of a conserved C-terminal residue (T912) leading to ubiquitination by the RING E3 ligase PIRE. ArabidopsisPIREknockouts exhibit enhanced ROS production and resistance to the foliar pathogenPseudomonas syringae. Here, we identified 170PIREhomologs, which emerged in Tracheophytes and expanded in Angiosperms. We investigated the role ofSolanum lycopersicum(tomato) PIRE homologs in regulating ROS production, RBOH stability, and disease resistance. Mutational analyses of residues corresponding to T912 in the tomato RBOHD ortholog, SlRBOHB, affected protein accumulation and ROS production in aPIRE-dependent manner. Using CRISPR-cas9, we generated mutants in twoS. lycopersicum PIREhomologs (SlPIRE).SlPIRE1edited lines (Slpire1) in the tomato cultivar M82 displayed enhanced ROS production upon treatment with flg22, an immunogenic epitope of flagellin. Furthermore, Slpire1exhibited decreased disease symptoms and bacterial accumulation when inoculated with foliar bacterial pathogensPseudomonas syringaeandXanthomonas campestris. However,Slpire1exhibited similar levels of colonization as wild type upon inoculation with diverse soilborne pathogens. These results indicate that phosphorylation and ubiquitination crosstalk regulate RBOHs in multiple plant species, andPIREis a promising target for foliar disease control. This study also highlights the pathogen-specific role ofPIRE, indicating its potential for targeted manipulation to enhance foliar disease resistance without affecting root-associated interactions, positioningPIREas a promising target for improving overall plant health.
snRNA-seq analysis of the mossPhyscomitrium patensreveals a conserved cytokinin-ESR module promoting pluripotent stem cell identity
Authors: Hata Yuki , Hetherington Nicola , Battenberg Kai , Hirota Atsuko , Minoda Aki , Hayashi Makoto , Kyozuka Junko 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe shoot apical meristem (SAM), which contains pluripotent stem cells, serves as the source of the entire shoot system in land plants. To uncover the mechanisms underlying SAM development and its orign, we employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology inPhyscomitrium patens, which contains a single stem cell known as the gametophore apical cell. We identified distinct cell clusters representing major cell types of theP. patensgametophyte, including the gametophore apical cells. We revealed dynamic gene expression changes during cell fate progression in the gametophore apical cell and found upregulation of cytokinin biosynthesis genes in this cell. We also identifiedENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1(ESR1) orthologs as key regulators of gametophore apical cells downstream of cytokinin. Given that ESRs promote SAM formation under cytokinin in angiosperms, we propose that the cytokinin-ESR module represents a conserved mechanism promoting stem cell identity that evolved in the common ancestor of land plants.
The assembly of Y chromosome reveals amplification of genes regulating male fertility inBactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Wu Shuangxiong , Wu Jiahong , Lei Quan , He Donghai , Jiang Xinrui , Ye Chao , Wei Dong , Wang Jinjun , Xu Luohao , Jiang Hongbo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe oriental fruit flyBactrocera dorsalisis an invasive pest causing considerable ecological and economic damage worldwide. The Y chromosome is an important target for the sterile insect technique (SIT) but its sequence and structure has been poorly explored.RESULTSWe assembled the genome ofB. dorsalisat the chromosome level with a total size of 562.6 Mb. The assembly includes a ∼7.6 Mb Y chromosome sequence, being the first reported Y chromosome in Tephritidae. The assembled Y chromosome is highly repetitive, and contains 61 genes, including 9 multi-copy genes. We surprisingly found that the M factor (MoY) in Tephritidae has multiple copies, verified by our droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis. Besides, we identified 32 copies ofgyf-like on the Y chromosome(gyfY) that were highly expressed in testis. RNAi targeting thegyfYresulted in depletion of live sperms, suggesting that the amplification ofgyfYis essential for male fertility, which facilitated the understanding of high fecundity of this invasive insect.CONCLUSIONWe reported firstly the Y chromosome ofBactrocera dorsalis. Our results will also provide target genes for CRISPR/Cas9 based SIT, leading to the development of novel control strategies against tephritid flies.
Distinct microbial communities are linked to organic matter properties in millimetre-sized soil aggregates
Authors: Simon Eva , Guseva Ksenia , Darcy Sean , Alteio Lauren , Pjevac Petra , Schmidt Hannes , Jenab Kian , Ranits Christian , Kaiser Christina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoils provide essential ecosystem services and represent the most diverse habitat on Earth. It has been suggested that the presence of various physico-chemically heterogenous microhabitats supports the enormous diversity of microbial communities in soil. However, little is known about the relationship between microbial communities and their immediate environment at the micro- to millimetre-scale. In this study, we examined whether bacteria, archaea, and fungi organise into distinct communities in individual 2-millimetre-sized soil aggregates and compared them to communities of homogenized bulk soil samples. Furthermore, we investigated their relationship to their local environment by concomitantly determining microbial community structure and physico-chemical properties from the same individual aggregates. Aggregate-communities displayed exceptionally high beta-diversity, with 3-4 aggregates collectively capturing more diversity than their homogenized parent soil core. Up to 20-30% of ASVs (particularly rare ones) were unique to individual aggregates selected within a few centimetres. Aggregates and bulk soil samples showed partly different dominant phyla, indicating that taxa that are potentially driving biogeochemical processes at the small scale may not be recognized when analysing larger soil volumes. Microbial community composition and richness of individual aggregates were closely related to aggregate-specific carbon and nitrogen content, carbon stable-isotope composition, and soil moisture, indicating that aggregates provide a stable environment for sufficient time to allow co-development of communities and their environment. We conclude that the soil microbiome is a metacommunity of variable subcommunities. Our study highlights the necessity to study small, spatially coherent soil samples to better understand controls of community structure and community-mediated processes in soils.
A Library of Custom PEG-Lipids reveals a Double-PEG-Lipid with Drastically Enhanced Paclitaxel Solubility and Human Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity when used in Fluid Micellar Nanoparticles
Authors: Ghasemizadeh Aria , Wan Lili , Hirose Aiko , Diep Jacqueline , Ewert Kai K. , Safinya Cyrus R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPaclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most widely utilized chemotherapeutics globally. However, the extremely poor water solubility of paclitaxel necessitates a mechanism of delivery within blood. Fluid lipid PTX nanocarriers (lipids in the chain-melted state) show promise as PTX delivery vectors, but remain limited by their solubility of PTX within the membrane. To improve pharmacokinetics, membrane surfaces are typically coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Recent work has demonstrated the generation of a population of micelles within fluid lipid formulations containing a 2kDa PEG-lipid at a 10 mol% ratio. Driven by the positive curvature of the PEG-lipid (i.e. area of head group > area of tails), micelle-containing formulations were found to exhibit significantly higher uptake in cancer cells, cytotoxicity, andin vivoantitumor efficacy compared to formulations containing solely liposomes. Here, we describe the custom synthesis of a library of high-curvature micelle-inducing PEG-lipids and examine the effects of PEG chain length, chain branching (single- or double-PEG-lipid), and cationic charge on PTX solubility and cytotoxicity. We examined PEG-lipids at standard (10 mol%) and high (100-x mol%, where x=PTX mol%) formulation ratios. Remarkably, all formulations containing the synthesized high-curvature PEG-lipids had improved PTX solubility over unPEGylated formulations and commercially available DOPE-5k. The highest PTX solubility was found within the 100–xptxmol% PEG-lipid micellar formulations, with particles made from 2k2(two PEG2k chains) encapsulating 13 mol% PTX for up to 24 h. The pancreatic cancer cell line PC3 exhibited higher sensitivity to formulations containing PEG-lipid at 100–xptxmol%, the most potent of which being formulations made from 2k2(IC50 = 14 nM). The work presented here suggests formulations employing high-curvature PEG-lipids, particularly the double-PEG-lipid 2k2, hold great potential as next-generation PTX delivery systems owing to their high PTX solubility, enhanced cell cytotoxicity, and ability for precision targeting by affixation of ligands to the PEG molecules.
The AP2/ERF transcription factorHcERF5confers drought tolerance via ABA-mediated signaling in kenaf
Authors: Luo Dengjie , Mubeen Samavia , Rehman Muzammal , Cao Shan , Wang Caijin , Yue Jiao , Pan Jiao , Jin Gang , Li Ru , Chen Tao , Chen Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERFs) are pivotal in regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the specific role of ERFs in kenaf’s response to drought stress remains unclear. In this study, a transcription factorsHcERF5was isolated from kenaf and its role in drought stress tolerance was analyzed. HcERF5 was found to localize in both nucleus and cytoplasm and could be significantly induced by polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) and abscisic acid (ABA) in kenaf seedlings. In transgenicArabidopsisexpressing theHcERF5promoter-driven β-glucuronidase (GUS), strong GUS activity was observed in roots, stems, and leaves. Overexpression ofHcERF5inArabidopsisenhanced seed germination rates under drought or ABA stress and improved drought tolerance in seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, whereasaterf5knockout lines exhibited the opposite trend. Additionally,HcERF5overexpressingArabidopsisshowed significantly increased drought tolerance and reduced sensitivity to ABA. Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) ofHcERF5in kenaf reduced drought tolerance, as evidenced by decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, increased stomatal aperture, and elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proline under drought stress. RNA-seq analysis further revealed thatHcERF5directly regulated ABA signaling pathway. Yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) assays revealed 29 proteins that interact with HcERF5. Among them, the expression of downstream drought stress-related genesHcPRK,HcRD22,HcMAP2,HcCAB,HcCS, andHcCCoAOMT3were significantly reduced inHcERF5-silenced plants. Overall, this study highlights the significant potential ofHcERF5 in enhancing drought tolerance in kenaf.HighlightHcERF5overexpression enhanced drought tolerance in kenaf, however silencing increased drought sensitivity.HcERF5regulates ABA synthesis and increases kenaf stomatal conductance and density under drought stress.HcERF5regulates plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signalling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in kenaf under drought stress.Protein interaction revealed HcERF5 interacts with six stress-response genes.
Optogenetic control of phosphate-responsive genes using single component fusion proteins inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cleere Matthew M. , Gardner Kevin H. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBlue light illumination can be detected by Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) photosensing proteins and translated into a range of biochemical responses, facilitating the generation of novel optogenetic tools to control cellular function. Here, we develop new variants of our previously described VP-EL222 light-dependent transcription factor and apply them to study the phosphate-responsive signaling (PHO) pathway in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, exemplifying the utilities of these new tools. Focusing first on the VP-EL222 protein itself, we quantified the tunability of gene expression as a function of light intensity and duration, and demonstrated that this system can tolerate the addition of substantially larger effector domains without impacting function. We further demonstrated the utility of several EL222-driven transcriptional controllers in both plasmid and genomic settings, using thePHO5andPHO84promoters in their native chromosomal contexts as examples. These studies highlight the utility of light-controlled gene activation using EL222 tethered to either artificial transcription domains or yeast activator proteins (Pho4). Similarly, we demonstrate the ability to optogenetically repress gene expression with EL222 fused to the yeast Ume6 protein. We finally investigated the effects of moving EL222 recruitment sites to different locations within thePHO5andPHO84promoters, as well as determining how this artificial light-controlled regulation could be integrated with the native controls dependent on inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability. Taken together, our work expands the applicability of these versatile optogenetic tools in the types of functionalities they can deliver and biological questions that can be probed.