bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL E EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Mimosa scabrella E Ateleia glazioveana
Authors: Eloy Elder , Caron Braulio Otomar , Trevisan Rômulo , Schmidt Denise , Zanon Magda Lea Bolzan , Behling Alexandre , Monteiro Gean Charles 
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação longitudinal e o efeito do espaçamento de plantio na massa específica básica das árvores de Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, aos 36 meses de idade. Analisou-se um experimento instalado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função dos espaçamentos (2,0x1,0 m, 2,0x1,5 m, 3,0x1,0 m e 3,0x1,5 m). Foram avaliadas 72 árvores, sendo essas medidas e cubadas pelo método de Smalian. Em seguida, foram retirados discos nas posições do tronco: 0,10 m (base), 1,30 m do solo (DAP – Diâmetro a Altura do Peito), 25%, 50% e 75% da altura total da árvore, para determinação da massa específica básica. A massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella apresentou um decréscimo até a região do DAP, seguido de acréscimo, sem tendência de estabilização com a altura. A Ateleia glazioveana apresentou uma tendência de decréscimo no sentido base-topo das árvores. Os espaçamentos influenciaram a variação da massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana, não sendo verificada uma variação sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao espaço vital proporcionado.Palavras-chave: Variação axial; característica tecnológica da madeira; qualidade da madeira; espaçamento de plantio. AbstractLongitudinal variation and effect of spacing on basic density wood of Mimosa scabrella and Ateleia glazioveana. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in length and effect of spacing of the basic density of Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, trees with 36 months of age. We analyzed an experiment set up in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were defined by the spacing (2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m, 3.0x1.5 m). 72 trees were evaluated, and these measures and scaled by the method of Smalian. Then, the disks were removed from the trunk positions: 0.10 m (base), 1.30 m (DAP - diameter at breast height), 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height of the tree, determining the basic density. The basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella showed a decrease to the region of the DAP, followed by addition, without a tendency to stabilize with time. The Ateleia glazioveana showed a decreasing trend towards bottom-up tree. The spacing influenced the variation of basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana not been verified a systematic positive or negative trend in relation to the living space provided. Keywords: Axial variation; technological characteristic of wood; wood quality; planting space.
DINÂMICA DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA DO MUNICÍPIO DE FLORESTA, PE
Authors: Silva Emanuel Araújo , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Silva José Antônio Aleixo da , Sá Iêdo Bezerra , Duarte Simone Mirtes Araújo 
Published: August 2014

Objetivou-se mapear a dinâmica de mudança do uso da terra e da cobertura florestal no período de 21 anos (1987 a 2008), no município de Floresta, PE. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5 nos períodos de 1987, 1997 e 2008. Utilizou-se o aplicativo SPRING para elaboração da base de dados cartográficos e do processamento digital das imagens. As imagens foram segmentadas e classificadas pelo algoritmo de Bhattacharya, com a finalidade de produzir mapas temáticos nos seguintes usos da terra: vegetação densa, vegetação semidensa, solo exposto, agropecuária (cultivos/pecuária), corpos d´água e mata ciliar. Para um período de 21 anos, a cobertura florestal recuou 14,83%. O solo exposto teve um ganho de 8,61%, a classe agropecuária acumulou um ganho de 5,75%, os corpos d’água, ao longo do tempo, demonstraram um aumento de 4,03% e a mata ciliar teve tendência à queda ao longo dos períodos analisados, com uma perda total de 3,57%. Esses dados refletem as transformações por que o município de Floresta vem passando quanto ao uso da terra. A diminuição da cobertura florestal do município entre 1987 e 2008 foi a principal consequência da interação clima e pressão antrópica por recursos florestais, necessidade de expansão urbana e atividades agropecuárias.Palavras chave: Sensoriamento remoto; gestão florestal; semiárido; caatinga. AbstractUse dinamics and land cover in Floresta-PE. The objective was to map the dynamic changes of land use and forest cover in the last 21 years (1987 to 2008), the City of Forest-PE. We used satellite images LANDSAT 5 periods in 1987, 1997 and 2008. We used the SPRING software for compiling the database and cartographic processing of digital images. The images were segmented and classified by the algorithm Bhattacharya, in order to produce thematic maps in the following land uses: dense vegetation, semi-dense vegetation, bare soil, agriculture (crops / livestock), water bodies and riparian vegetation. For a period of 21 years the forest cover decreased by 14.83%. The soil was exposed to a gain of 8.61%, the class agricultural accumulated gain of 5.75%, water bodies, over time, showed an increase of 4.03% and riparian tended to fall over the periods analyzed with a total loss of 3.57%. These data reflect the changes that the city has been experiencing as of forest land use. The decrease in forest cover between 1987 and 2008 the city was the main consequence of the interaction of climate and anthropogenic pressure forest resources, need for urban expansion and agricultural activities.Keywords: Remote sensing; forest management; semiarid; caatinga.
CRESCIMENTO E NUTRIÇÃO MINERAL DE MUDAS DE BARBATIMÃO SOB EFEITO DA OMISSÃO DE NUTRIENTES
Authors: Carlos Leandro , Venturin Nelson , Macedo Renato Luiz Grisi , Higashikawa Emilio Manabu 
Published: August 2014

Com o objetivo de avaliar os requerimentos nutricionais e os efeitos da omissão de nutrientes no desenvolvimento de mudas de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), conduziu-se um experimento com o uso da técnica de elemento faltante. Foram empregados 12 tratamentos, em um delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com oito repetições. Adotaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: completo 1 (adubado com N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn e calagem como fonte de Ca e Mg e corrigindo acidez do solo), completo 2 (completo 1 – calagem, tendo CaSO4.2H2O e MgSO4.7H2O como fontes de Ca e Mg sem corrigir acidez do solo), C1 - N, C1 - P, C1 - K, C1 - S, C1 - B, C1 - Zn, C1 - calagem, C2 - Ca, C2 - Mg e testemunha. Foram medidos diâmetros e alturas das plantas, as quais foram separadas em parte aérea e sistema radicular. As mudas foram secas e pesadas, sendo determinados os teores de nutrientes na matéria seca da parte aérea. O fósforo e o boro foram os nutrientes mais limitantes, e a calagem afetou negativamente o crescimento. A sequência de exigência nutricional apresentada pelas mudas de barbatimão em relação ao tratamento completo, em ordem decrescente, foi: P > B > Zn > Mg > K > N > S > Ca.Palavras-chave: Nutriente faltante; cerrado; nutrição florestal. AbstractGrowth and mineral nutrition in seedlings of barbatimão subjected to nutrient deprivation. Aiming to evaluate nutritional requirements and effects of nutrient depravation in developing of seedlings of barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), we conducted an experiment in a green house. We employed 12 treatments in a fully randomized block design with eight replications. We applied the following treatments: complete 1 (C1-fertilized with N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Zn and lime as Ca and Mg sources), complete 2 (complete 1 – lime with CaSO4.2H2O and MgSO4.7H2O as Ca and Mg sources), C1-N, C1-P, C1-K, C1-S, C1-B, C1-Zn, C1-lime, C2-Ca, C2-Mg, and control. We measured diameters and heights and separated them into shoot and root system. We dried the samples, weighed them and determined the nutrients levels in shoot dry matter. As result, we identified that phosphorus and boron were the most limiting factor to growth, as well as liming had a negative effect on growth; the sequence of nutritional requirements presented by barbatimão seedlings in relation to complete treatment was: P> B> Zn> Mg> K> N> S> Ca.Keywords: Nutrient missing; savannah; forest nutrition.
EFICIÊNCIA DE DUAS VARIAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS DO MÉTODO DE AMOSTRAGEM DE ÁREA FIXA EM PLANTAÇÕES DE Pinus taeda
Authors: Druszcz João Paulo , Nakajima Nelson Yoshihiro , Pellico Netto Sylvio , Machado Sebastião do Amaral , Rosot Nelson Carlos , Bamberg Rogério 
Published: August 2014

Este estudo foi conduzido em três diferentes condições de plantações de Pinus taeda L., sem desbastes, com 10, 9 e 7 anos de idade, 2.000 árvores por hectare e diferentes inclinações no terreno, localizados no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do inventário florestal, utilizando-se a amostragem de área fixa com a estrutura de parcela circular (PC) e conglomerado em cruz (CC), através da análise do comportamento quanto às precisões e eficiências relativas nas estimativas das seguintes variáveis: diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores por ha, área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha). Para isso, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 40 unidades amostrais para a PC e 10 unidades para o CC, sendo este composto por 4 subunidades circulares. Concluiu-se que, para as variáveis diâmetro médio (cm), número de árvores (N/ha), área basal (m2/ha) e volume total (m3/ha), indica-se a utilização do método de área fixa com PC, tendo em vista a maior eficiência no levantamento dessas variáveis.Palavras-chave: Eficiência relativa; precisão; reflorestamento. AbstractStructural efficiency of two variations of method of sampling of fixed area in plantations of Pinus taeda. This study was carried out in three different stands of Pinus taeda L., unthinned and aged 10, 9 and 7 years. The stands have 2.000 trees per hectare and are located in Parana State. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of inventories using circular plot (PC) and cross cluster (CC) by analyses of behavior towards accuracies and relative efficiencies for estimation of the following variables: average diameter at breast height, number of trees, basal area and total volume per hectare. For this study, it was taken a sample of 40 units to the PC structure and 10 units for the CC structure, which is composed of four circular subunits, and it was used the randomized block design. It was concluded that for the variable diameter (cm), number of trees (ha), basal area (m2/ha) and total volume (m3/ha) it is indicated the use of PC, since its greater efficiency in the survey of these variables.Keywords: Relative efficiency; accuracy; reforestation.
ASPECTOS AMBIENTAIS DA TRILHA VIA NOROESTE DO PARQUE ESTADUAL PICO DO MARUMBI, PR
Authors: Vashchenko Yury , Biondi Daniela , Lima Marcelo Ricardo de , Roderjan Carlos Vellozo 
Published: August 2014

O Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi foi criado em 1990 com a finalidade de preservar o maciço Marumbi. A trilha Via Noroeste é um dos principais acessos ao Olimpo, ponto culminante do maciço, além de outros cumes do conjunto. Devido à visitação intensa e à ação da erosão, essa trilha apresenta pontos extremamente degradados. O objetivo foi caracterizar e classificar os solos e a vegetação e correlacioná-los com declividade, altitude, geologia e posição no relevo, gerando, assim, subsídio para posterior avaliação da erosão. Ao longo da trilha, foram realizadas tradagens e abertura de perfis para descrição geral e morfológica dos solos. A vegetação foi caracterizada fisionomicamente. Em seguida correlacionaram-se vegetação, solos, declividade, altitude, geologia e posição no relevo. Observou-se que predominou o granito Marumbi como material geológico. Foram identificados solos pertencentes às classes dos Cambissolos, Argissolos, Neossolos e Organossolos, e a cobertura vegetal foi classificada como Floresta Ombrófila Densa, subdividida nas formações Submontana, Submontana transição Montana, Montana, Montana de porte baixo, Altomontana e Altomontana de porte baixo. Concluiu-se que a altitude e a declividade definem os solos e a vegetação de acordo com a posição no relevo.Palavras-chave: Ecologia florestal; solos florestais; vegetação de montanha. AbstractEnvironmental aspects of the Via Noroeste trail of the Pico do Marumbi State Park, PR. Pico do Marumbi State Park was created in 1990 to preserve the Marumbi massif. The Via Noroeste trail is one of the main access to Olimpo, the culmination point. This trail presents extremely degraded points, because the intense visitation and action of erosion. This research aim to characterize and classify the soils and vegetation and correlate them with slope, elevation, geology and position on the relief, in order to generate subsidy for future erosion assessment. Soil profiles were exposed for morphologic description. The vegetation was physionomically characterized. Then it correlated vegetation, soils, slope, altitude, geology and position on the relief. The Marumbi granite was identified as the geological predominant material. The soils were classified as Cambisols, Acrisols, Leptosols, Regosols and Histosols. The vegetation was classified as Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Rain Forest), subdivided in Submontane Forest, Submontane transition Montane Forest, Montane Forest, small sized Submontane Forest, Upper Montane Forest, small sized Upper Montane Forest and Grassland. As conclusion, the altitude and slope define soil and vegetation according to the position on the relief.Keywords: Forestry ecology; Forestry soils; Mountain vegetation.
ANÁLISE ANTROPOMÉTRICA DE TRABALHADORES EM ATIVIDADES DE IMPLANTAÇÃO FLORESTAL
Authors: Lopes Eduardo Silva , Britto Pedro Caldas , Laat Erivelton Fontana , Fiedler Nilton César , Vieira Thabata Palma 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise antropométrica de trabalhadores em atividades de implantação florestal, visando a melhoria das condições de saúde e segurança. Medidas antropométricas estáticas foram obtidas em uma amostra de 250 trabalhadores florestais que atuavam em uma empresa localizada no estado do Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos na posição em pé, sentado, da cabeça, das mãos e dos pés e analisados por meio do cálculo de percentis. Foram determinados os padrões antropométricos dos trabalhadores florestais, os limites mínimos e máximos das variáveis, e definidas as suas aplicações no dimensionamento de postos de trabalho, equipamentos e algumas ferramentas utilizadas em atividades de implantação florestal. Alguns resultados foram aplicados na análise de uma plantadora e adubadora, sendo que as medidas de altura e comprimento da pega das hastes da plantadora e adubadora não estavam compatíveis com as variáveis antropométricas dos trabalhadores no percentil de 95%, necessitando de ajustes nas ferramentas para evitar problemas de desconforto no trabalho e possíveis danos à saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores.Palavras-chave: Implantação florestal; antropometria; saúde; segurança. AbstractAnthropometric analysis of workers in forest planting operations. This research aims to evaluate the anthropometric measures of the workers in forest planting operations, to improve health and safety conditions. We obtained static anthropometric measurements from a sample of 250 forest workers who worked in a company located in Paraná State. The data obtained refers to standing and sitting positions, besides head, hands and feet and analyzed by percentile calculations. It was determined the anthropometrics patterns of workers, the minimum and maximum limits of the variables and select their applications in the design of jobs, equipment and some tools for forest planting activities. Measurements of height and length of the handle stem planter and fertilizer weren´t compatible with the anthropometric variables of workers at the 95% percentile, requiring adjustments to avoid problems of discomfort at work and possible damage to the health and safety of workers.Keywords: Forest planting; anthropometry; health; safety.
Water resources management in a homogenizing world: Averting the Growth and Underinvestment trajectory
Authors: Mirchi Ali , Watkins David W. , Huckins Casey J. , Madani Kaveh , Hjorth Peder 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBiotic homogenization, a de facto symptom of a global biodiversity crisis, underscores the urgency of reforming water resources management to focus on the health and viability of ecosystems. Global population and economic growth, coupled with inadequate investment in maintenance of ecological systems, threaten to degrade environmental integrity and ecosystem services that support the global socioeconomic system, indicative of a system governed by the Growth and Underinvestment (G&U) archetype. Water resources management is linked to biotic homogenization and degradation of system integrity through alteration of water systems, ecosystem dynamics, and composition of the biota. Consistent with the G&U archetype, water resources planning primarily treats ecological considerations as exogenous constraints rather than integral, dynamic, and responsive parts of the system. It is essential that the ecological considerations be made objectives of water resources development plans to facilitate the analysis of feedbacks and potential trade‐offs between socioeconomic gains and ecological losses. We call for expediting a shift to ecosystem‐based management of water resources, which requires a better understanding of the dynamics and links between water resources management actions, ecological side‐effects, and associated long‐term ramifications for sustainability. To address existing knowledge gaps, models that include dynamics and estimated thresholds for regime shifts or ecosystem degradation need to be developed. Policy levers for implementation of ecosystem‐based water resources management include shifting away from growth‐oriented supply management, better demand management, increased public awareness, and institutional reform that promotes adaptive and transdisciplinary management approaches.
Spatiotemporal analysis and interpretation of 1993–2013 ground deformation at Campi Flegrei, Italy, observed by advanced DInSAR
Authors: Samsonov Sergey V. , Tiampo Kristy F. , Camacho Antonio G. , Fernández José , González Pablo J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCampi Flegrei is one of the most hazardous volcanic areas in the world because of its close proximity to the city of Naples. Here we apply the multidimensional small baseline subset (MSBAS) differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) technique to obtain vertical and horizontal components of ground deformation for Campi Flegrei at high spatial and temporal resolutions that span, for the first time, 20 years. The area underwent continuous subsidence from 1993 through 1999. Moderate uplift began in 2010 and substantially increased through 2012, reaching approximately 13 cm by 2013. We model the observed deformation to determine source parameters for subsidence and uplift epochs. Both the inflation and deflation mechanisms involve large, extended sources in a layered hydrothermal system whose location is controlled by the caldera structure and stratigraphy. The temporal resolution of MSBAS approaches that of GPS daily time series, with superior precision and spatial resolution, making it an excellent alternative for volcano monitoring.
Ion energization and transport associated with magnetic dipolarizations
Authors: Pan Qingjiang , Ashour‐Abdalla Maha , Walker Raymond J. , El‐Alaoui Mostafa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIon energization in the magnetotail during substorms is examined by simulating a modest substorm event that occurred on 7 February 2009. The simulation scheme combines global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling of the magnetosphere driven by realistic upstream solar wind conditions, with a large‐scale kinetics (LSK) simulation. Multiple earthward propagating dipolarizations driven by reconnection outflow jets are modeled by the MHD simulation. Ion trajectories in the LSK simulation show that ions that originated near the reconnection site first gained energy nonadiabatically and then gained energy adiabatically as they “caught up with and then rode on” the earthward propagating dipolarizations. Consequently, the high‐energy (>25 keV) ion fluxes were enhanced where and when the dipolarizations intensified. High‐speed flows in narrow channels controlled the ion earthward transport in the outer magnetosphere due to the dominant E × B drift. The mechanisms of nonlocal energization by dipolarizations and transport controlled by high‐speed flows operate similarly for electrons as described by Ashour‐Abdalla et al. (2011) and Pan et al. (2014).
Detection and attribution of global mean thermosteric sea level change
Authors: Slangen Aimée B. A. , Church John A. , Zhang Xuebin , Monselesan Didier 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChanges in sea level are driven by a range of natural and anthropogenic forcings. To better understand the response of global mean thermosteric sea level change to these forcings, we compare three observational data sets to experiments of 28 climate models with up to five different forcing scenarios for 1957–2005. We use the preindustrial control runs to determine the internal climate variability. Our analysis shows that anthropogenic greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing are required to explain the magnitude of the observed changes, while natural forcing drives most of the externally forced variability. The experiments that include anthropogenic and natural forcings capture the observed increased trend toward the end of the twentieth century best. The observed changes can be explained by scaling the natural‐only experiment by 0.70 ± 0.30 and the anthropogenic‐only experiment (including opposing forcing from greenhouse gases and aerosols) by 1.08 ± 0.13(±2σ).
Seasonal trends of nighttime plasma density enhancements in the topside ionosphere
Authors: Slominska Ewa , Blecki Jan , Lebreton Jean‐Pierre , Parrot Michel , Slominski Jan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn situ registrations of electron density from the Langmuir probe on board Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions satellite are used to study spatial and temporal evolution of nighttime plasma density enhancements (NPDEs). The study introduces the normalized density difference index INDD in order to provide global estimates of the phenomenon. In the validation test, in situ data are compared with synthetic data set generated with the International Reference Ionosphere model. We find signatures of two most common examples of NPDEs, the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) and midlatitude nighttime summer anomaly (MSNA) with proposed index, in the topside ionosphere. The study provides evidence that the occurrence of the WSA and MSNA is not limited to the local summer conditions. Analyzed annual trend of INDD and in particular spatial pattern obtained during equinoxes suggest that mechanisms governing the behavior of the equatorial ionosphere cannot be neglected in the explanation of the development of NPDEs.