bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Application of Extended Range Electromagnetic MWD Technology in Pakistan for a Horizontal Well Drilled Underbalanced-Case Study and Lesson Learned
Authors: Saleem Saad , Sattar Muhammad Suhail , Shahzad Atif , Ziadat Wael , Sabir Shahid Majeed 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The name "Sui" has become synonymous with natural gas in Pakistan. Sui is Pakistan Petroleum Limited's (PPL) flagship gas field. Commercial exploitation of this field began in 1955.
Two major reservoirs of this field are Sui Main Limestone (SML) and Sui Upper Limestone (SUL). Both the reservoirs have become highly depleted by time. Conventional drilling technologies in these formations result in complete loss of drilling fluid, stuck pipe and severe formation damage issues.
Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) planned to drill a horizontal well Sui-93(M), where target reservoir was Sui Main Limestone (SML). Drilling a horizontal well with conventional drilling techniques can cause a complete loss of drilling fluid. Underbalanced Drilling integrated with electromagnetic telemetry transmission was successfully used to drill this well to a target depth of 2200m MD with complete directional controls. Electromagnetic transmission modeling was performed on the resistivity data of offset wells to determine signal attenuation for Sui-93(M) Well. Based on modeling results it was decided to run an extended range set-up with a downhole antenna.
The main reason for using EM-MWD was to provide real time data for annular pressure (APWD sensor) and directional controls in UBD environment. The APWD (annular pressure while drilling-real time ECD) sensor was considered mandatory to monitor and ensure underbalanced condition while drilling, thereby avoiding significant problems such as lost circulation and stuck pipe.
This paper discusses the planning, results, problems and lessons learned during the first application of the Extended Range EM-MWD (Electromagnetic-Measurement while drilling) technology in Sui-93(M) well.
The application of EM-MWD along with UB technology represents a stepwise progression for improving PPL's ability to exploit mature reservoirs, especially those that are severely depleted like in Sui Gas Field, Pakistan.
Gas Hydrates in Makran: Identifying the Possible Analogies with the Reservoirs Around the World for Future Development and Exploitation
Authors: Ishaq Samana , Khan Asif , Hashim Muhammad , Ansari Mubashir , Khan Safiullah 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Gas hydrates may be seen as a panacea for the world's current energy woes. The possibilities of developing effective and economical methods of producing gas hydrates at an economically feasible rate have quadrupled due to the latest developments in technology.
The Makran coast in Pakistan provides significant geological evidence of the possible presence of oceanic hydrates (some 200m thick hydrate bearing zone along the entire offshore Makran belt have been identified through BSR surveys). This paper aims at identifying and correlating the propitious geological settings and palpable similarities of the hydrates around the world with those of Makran coast. The resulting study will help us in providing the possible methods of production and to solve those problems that may in future hinder the productive potential of the gas from these reservoirs. The correlation would help in identifying the possible future potential of producing gas, as it is being produced through hydrate dissociation in the Messoyakha gas field, Siberia. Possible challenges associated with the production from gas hydrates include environmental safety as well as drilling challenges. The correlation understudy in this paper will aim at identifying the possible solutions to these problems and will also show that many of the doubts propounded about the practicality of gas hydrate projects are mere hypothetical and literary conjectures.
The exploitation of gas hydrates in Makran would not only help the country at producing cheap energy locally, but would also lead to the development of better ways of exploiting these reserves all around the world. Pakistan could also catch-up with the Hydrate Research and Development Programs of the likes of India and Japan if serious cognizance is taken of these untapped frozen gas reserves off the coast of Makran.
Glacier mass balance of Norway 1961-2010 calculated by a temperature-index model
Authors: Engelhardt Markus , Schuler Thomas V. , Andreassen Liss M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGlacier mass balance in Norway is only observed over a small portion (<15%) of the glacierized surface and only for short time periods (<10 years) for most sites. To provide a comprehensive overview of the temporal mass-balance evolution, we modeled surface mass balance for the glacierized area of mainland Norway from 1961 to 2010. The model is forced by operationally gridded daily temperature and precipitation fields which are available at 1 km horizontal resolution from 1957 until the present. The applied mass-balance model accounts for melting of snow and ice by using a distributed temperature-index approach. The precipitation input is corrected to obtain agreement between modeled and observed winter mass balance, and a melt factor and two radiation coefficients are optimized to the corresponding summer balance. The model results show positive trends of winter balance between 1961 and 2000 followed by a remarkable decrease in both summer and winter balances which resulted in an average annual balance of –0.86 ± 0.15 m w.e. a-1 between 2000 and 2010 after four decades of zero to slightly positive annual mass balances.
Correlative Analysis of MRI-evident Abductor Hip Muscle Degeneration and Power After Minimally Invasive Versus Conventional Unilateral Cementless THA
Authors: Vasilakis Ioannis , Solomou Ekaterini , Vitsas Vasilis , Fennema Peter , Korovessis Panagiotis , Siamblis Dimitrios K. 
Published: December 2012

The 2 main null hypotheses of this study were: (1) the 4-year surgical trauma–related degeneration within the hip abductor muscles after a minimally invasive approach to total hip arthroplasty would be similar to that following a conventional approach; and (2) no differences in perioperative blood loss or postoperative hip pain would be observed between the minimally invasive and conventional approaches.
In 40 consecutive randomly selected adult patients with unilateral primary hip osteoarthritis, a cementless Zweymüller-Plus THA (Smith & Nephew Orthopaedics, Baar, Switzerland) was implanted by a single surgeon in 1 institution during the same period. Twenty patients underwent a minimally invasive approach (group A), and 20 patients underwent a conventional anterolateral approach (group B). Four years postoperatively, the operated and contralateral nonoperated hips of 37 available patients from both groups were examined with magnetic resonance imaging to show any changes in the gluteus medius and tensor fascia latae. Simultaneously, hip abductor power was measured bilaterally in both groups. Anthropometric data, blood loss, Short Form 36 self-assessment questionnaire, visual analog pain score, and walking distance were also analyzed.
The reliability of magnetic resonance imaging and hip abductor power measurements was high. No difference was found in hip abductor power on the operated side between the 2 groups, whereas hip abductor power on the nonoperated side was significantly higher in both groups. This study revealed no mechanical and functional benefits in favor of patients undergoing minimally invasive vs conventional total hip arthroplasty.
Novel Image-matching Software for Postoperative Evaluation After TKA
Authors: Tei Katsumasa , Ishida Kazunari , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kubo Seiji , Sasaki Hiroshi , Shibanuma Nao , Akisue Toshihiro , Nishida Kotaro , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: December 2012

Although 2-dimensional assessments using postoperative plain radiographs have been used after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in previous studies, a strong possibility exists that deviation can occur when assessing 3-dimensional (3-D) objects. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that novel 3-D image-matching software could accurately assess the positioning of implants and could be a useful tool in postoperative evaluation after TKA.
Total knee arthroplasty was performed in 30 consecutive patients. Intraoperatively, the thickness of each bone cut was measured. Postoperatively, the thickness of each part of the bone cut was measured using Athena Knee (SoftCube Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) 3-D image-matching software. The results revealed no significant differences in the medial compartment and significant differences of approximately 1 mm in the lateral compartment. The difference was possibly caused by the remaining cartilage in the lateral compartment. Linear regression analysis revealed a statistically excellent correlation between intra- and postoperative values in all parts of the bone cuts. Although the 3-D image-matching software used in this study was originally developed for preoperative planning in TKA, it is considered accurate enough to assess the positioning of implants with respect to the bone after TKA.
Staged Protocol for the Treatment of Chronic Tibial Shaft Osteomyelitis With Ilizarov’s Technique Followed by the Application of Intramedullary Locked Nail
Authors: Lin Chun-Cheng , Chen Chuan-Mu , Chiu Fang-Yao , Su Yu-Pin , Liu Chien-Lin , Chen Tain-Hsiung 
Published: December 2012

Open tibial shaft fractures are the most common open fractures, and many complications can occur. During the treatment period, infection leading to osteomyelitis was the most common complication. However, no consensus exists regarding the ideal management for such cases in the literature.
The purposes of this retrospective study were to review the treatment of patients with chronic tibial shaft osteomyelitis over the past 14 years who were referred to the authors’ institution and to provide a staged protocol for spontaneous wound healing. The staged protocol included: (1) radical debridement for infected bone and soft tissue; (2) immediate application of Ilizarov’s apparatus for all patients except those needing delayed application; (3) osteotomy in healthy bone; (4) simultaneous distraction–compression osteogenesis and histogenesis; (5) additional docking-site bone grafting; and (6) shifting the external fixator to a locked nail when callus formation was visible at the distraction site. Union was achieved in 15 of 16 patients, with an average external fixation time of 4.5 months (range, 3–6 months). No deformity or leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm occurred.
In the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, this staged protocol was safe and successful and allowed for union, realignment, reorientation, and leg-length restoration. Regarding the soft tissues, this technique provides a unique type of reconstructive closure for infected wounds. It is suggested that the staged protocol is reliable in providing successful simultaneous reconstruction for bone and soft tissue defects without flap coverage.
Une maladie comme une autre ? Logiques de redéfinition de la dépression et du vécu dépressif
Authors: Garnoussi Nadia 
Published: December 2012

Depuis une dizaine d’années, la santé publique, notamment par l’intermédiaire des initiatives élaborées au niveau européen, insiste sur le coût économique et existentiel des troubles courants, dépression en tête. Ce contexte est celui d’un remodelage de la catégorie de dépression en tant que maladie « comme une autre ». Les enjeux de ces évolutions ne se limitent pas à l’espace institutionnel. Nous analyserons certaines d’entre elles sur la base de récits individuels. L’accent sera porté sur les négociations que les acteurs opèrent entre une lecture naturalisante de la maladie et une lecture psychologique valorisant le caractère singulier de l’expérience.
Des « étiquettes juridiques ». La catégorisation par le droit en santé mentale1
Authors: Bernheim Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2012

Le processus judiciaire requiert l’objectivation des conflits en fonction de critères facilitant la preuve et la prise de décision. Au Québec, les critères retenus en matière d’internement et de soins n’ont fait l’objet d’aucune définition par le législateur : ce fut aux tribunaux de leur donner un contenu substantiel. L’étude de la jurisprudence et du discours des juges rencontrés en entretien et en observation directe permet de dégager les grandes lignes de cette interprétation, mais également de questionner l’utilité et les conséquences de l’application de ces critères. Ne s’agit-il pas d’« étiquettes juridiques » ?
La santé mentale (re)visitée, aux frontières du lien social et politique : itinérance et fin de vie
Authors: Namian Dahlia 
Published: December 2012

Le champ des pratiques et des savoirs entourant le mental pathologique a, depuis les quatre dernières décennies, connu différentes recompositions. Aujourd’hui, le souci « démocratique » inédit envers toute forme d’atteintes à la subjectivité, allant de la détresse psychique à la souffrance sociale, montre que la santé mentale est devenue l’une des dimensions transversales constitutives du « nouvel esprit des institutions », irréductibles à celles de la psychiatrie et de la psychopathologie. Or à côté de cet univers social ordinaire et public subsiste un « autre » univers de la santé mentale, souvent dramatique et peu visité, aux frontières mêmes du lien social et politique. C’est cet « autre » univers de la santé mentale qui est interpellé dans cet article, par le biais de résultats d’une enquête de terrain menée sur deux scènes a priori hétérogènes, limites et atypiques : l’itinérance et la fin de vie.
In search of verifiability: Explanations rarely enable complementary performance in AI‐advised decision making
Authors: Fok Raymond , Weld Daniel S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current literature on AI‐advised decision making—involving explainable AI systems advising human decision makers—presents a series of inconclusive and confounding results. To synthesize these findings, we propose a simple theory that elucidates the frequent failure of AI explanations to engender appropriate reliance and complementary decision making performance. In contrast to other common desiderata, for example, interpretability or spelling out the AI's reasoning process, we argue that explanations are only useful to the extent that they allow a human decision maker to verify the correctness of the AI's prediction. Prior studies find in many decision making contexts that AI explanations do not facilitate such verification. Moreover, most tasks fundamentally do not allow easy verification, regardless of explanation method, limiting the potential benefit of any type of explanation. We also compare the objective of complementary performance with that of appropriate reliance, decomposing the latter into the notions of outcome‐graded and strategy‐graded reliance.
Imaging Uncertainty: Layers of Time and Meaning in a Sacred Space
Authors: Menuhin Eva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaid bare by contemporary scanning techniques and technologies, historic buildings reveal a series of nested, diaphanous presences – the membranes of memory and fragments of history. Architectural writer Eva Menuhin investigates a recent project by the University of Greenwich's Captivate: Spatial Modelling Research Group, whose gossamer‐threaded architectural representations decode time, movements, changes, additions and destructions of a London Garrison church – a poetic, ghostly ballet between time, building and nature.
Diaphanous Bodies: A Hauntology of the Mediating Image
Authors: Baldwin Peter J 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe contemporary world is so dependent on the virtual, with its constantly morphing and invisibly magical potentialities, that it is somewhat paradoxical that the speculative, explorative aspect of architectural drawing is so undervalued in this context. The profession's computerised quick‐fix, feed‐me, satisfy‐me normative mentality has limited truck with the intangible. Peter J Baldwin writes an ode to the phantasmagorical and the ephemeral, citing it as a useful tool to enhance and liberate the creative design mind. Allied with tactics of re‐reading and post‐rationalisation, he constructs a spectral ‘machine’ for making work.
A Tailored Reality: Inside In Here
Authors: Liangi Ifigeneia , Dream Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOperating from dual locations in London and Athens, the output of Night Kitchen, the experimental architectural research lab of Ifigeneia Liangi and Daniel Dream, often takes the form of anarchitectural story books, illustrated with congested, postmodern interiors full of colourful objects and artefacts. But these are not random juxtapositions of stuff – they are elaborate, multilayered tableaux, their cross‐currents haunted with associations that stretch far and wide across film, sport, literature, memorabilia, art practice and time.
A “Hand‐In‐Hand” Thermal‐Responsive Cyclodextrin Material Designed for Liquid Smart Windows
Authors: Hu Siyu , Zhang Pengrui , Li Cheng , Chen Yu , Sun Jinhe , Wang Yong , Xiao Yin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermochromic smart windows have emerged as a focal point in energy research. In this study, a novel approach is introduced for developing thermoresponsive materials for smart windows, utilizing microscopic agglomeration of molecules to regulate incident light. The groundbreaking material, β‐CD‐Val‐IBAm4, is constructed by grafting four isobutylated valines onto natural β‐cyclodextrins. This material exhibits a unique “hand‐in‐hand” effect, resulting from the interaction of isobutylated valine side chains, which leads to molecular aggregation and reduced light transmission at elevated temperatures. The hydration–dehydration process is related to molecular aggregation rather than crosslinking, ensuring the structural integrity and uniformity of the smart windows. Molecular dynamics simulations and 2D NOESY confirm the thermal response mechanism of β‐CD‐Val‐IBAm4. When dissolve in a glycerol‐water binary solvent system, the material forms a thermochromic liquid with outstanding optical performance (ΔTsol of 1 mm liquid can reach 69.8%) and long‐term stability. This innovative approach opens new avenues for the advancement of next‐generation smart window technologies.
Surface Insights of Mesoporous Fragile Organic Materials Under Ultra‐Low‐Voltage Directed by Gemini Column
Authors: Asakura Yusuke , Leung Mandy H. M. , Miyata Hirokatsu , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMesoporous materials find widespread applications due to their high specific surface area, contributing to enhanced performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of mesoporous materials provides valuable insights into their mesostructures. However, direct observation of the outermost surfaces, which often dictate material properties, remains challenging, especially for highly insulating and fragile compounds. In this study, utilizing SEM observation with ultra‐low‐voltage acceleration directed by Gemini column is proposed to achieve direct surface imaging of mesoporous organic materials with highly insulating and fragile characteristics. By observing mesostructured polymers obtained through a soft‐templating method without washing, stuffed pores are identified allowing the differentiation of micelle templates and polymer walls. Moreover, leveraging SEM measurements, a polymerization mechanism is proposed for dopamine on the polymer micelles adhered to the graphene oxide nanosheets. These findings demonstrate the potential of SEM measurements with ultra‐low accelerating voltage in facilitating surface observations of polymer‐derived nanomaterials characterized by high insulating properties and a fragile framework.
Axial O Atom‐Modulated Fe(III)‐N4 Sites for Enhanced Cascade Catalytic 1O2‐Induced Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Hongji , Yu Biao , Yang Pengqi , Yang Yang , Deng Zhiming , Zhang Xin , Wang Kai , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rational construction of efficient hypoxia‐tolerant nanocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen (1O2) without external stimuli is of great importance for tumor therapy. Herein, uniformly dispersed and favorable biosafety profile graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots immobilized with Fe‐N4 moieties modulated by axial O atom (denoted as O‐Fe‐N4) are developed for converting H2O2 into 1O2 via Russell reaction, without introducing external energy. Notably, O‐Fe‐N4 performs two interconnected catalytic properties: glutathione oxidase‐mimic activity to provide substrate for subsequent 1O2 generation, avoiding the blunting anticancer efficacy by glutathione. The O‐Fe‐N4 catalyst demonstrates a specific activity of 79.58 U mg−1 at pH 6.2, outperforming the most reported Fe‐N4 catalysts. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the axial O atom can effectively modulate the relative position and electron affinity between Fe and N, lowering the activation energy, strengthening the selectivity, and thus facilitating the Russell‐type reaction. The gratifying enzymatic activity stemming from the well‐defined Fe‐N/O structure can inhibit tumor proliferation by efficiently downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 activity and inducing lipid peroxidation. Altogether, the O‐Fe‐N4 catalyst not only represents an efficient platform for self‐cascaded catalysis to address the limitations of 1O2‐involved cancer treatment but also provides a paradigm to enhance the performance of the Fe‐N4 catalyst.
Harnessing the Missing Spectral Correlation for Metasurface Inverse Design
Authors: Zhang Jie , Qian Chao , You Guangfeng , Wang Tao , Saifullah Yasir , Abdi‐Ghaleh Reza , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA long‐held tenet in computer science asserts that the training of deep learning is analogous to an alchemical furnace, and its “black box” signature brings forth inexplicability. For electromagnetic metasurfaces, the related intelligent applications also get stuck into such a dilemma. Although the past 5 years have witnessed a proliferation of deep learning‐based works across complex photonic scenarios, they neglect the already existing but untapped physical laws. Here, the intrinsic correlation between the real and imaginary parts of the spectra are revealed using Kramers–Kronig relations, which is then mimicked by bidirectional information flow in neural network space. Such consideration harnesses the missing spectral connection to extract crucial features effectively. The bidirectional recurrent neural network is benchmarked in metasurface inverse design and compare it with a fully‐connected neural network, unidirectional recurrent neural network, and attention‐based transformer. Beyond the improved accuracy, the study examines the intermediate information products and physically explains why different network structures yield different performances. The work offers explicable perspectives to utilize physical information in the deep learning field and facilitates many data‐intensive research endeavors.