bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a solid stream radial nozzle on fixed-wing aircraft, for penetration of spray within a soybean canopy
Authors: Thomson Steven James 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the Accu-Flo multiple orifice nozzle for penetration of spray into a soybean (Glycine max L.) canopy by comparing results to those from a popular straight stream nozzle and rotary atomizer. A mixture of water + Induce® adjuvant was applied at three different spray release heights in a random sequence, using an Air Tractor 402-B agricultural aircraft. Sampler stands were placed at twenty-four locations in the field. Water sensitive paper (WSP) cards were clipped onto rigid stands just above the canopy and 30 cm off the ground within the canopy. Weather data were recorded using two different stations on-site. Wind was predominantly from the west and parallel to the direction of the spray runs. The spray delivery systems compared were the Accu-Flo nozzles, (64 needle 0.020 opening), CP®-09 straight stream with 5 degree deflection, and Micronair® AU5000 atomisers (14 mesh screen) at a low volume spray rate of 18.7 l/ha. A total of 54 spray runs were made over three days, and heights were varied at 3.7 m, 4.9 m and 6.1 m. Water sensitive papers were scanned and analysed for coverage per unit card area using an image analysis system. Altitude and [Nozzle X Altitude] interaction were significant effects on coverage at the 0.01 and 0.07 significance levels, respectively, for the top cards. Nozzle type was not a significant effect on coverage for the top cards, but was significant at the 0.01 level for the bottom cards. Altitude alone had no obvious effect on coverage for the bottom cards, although it had an effect for the top cards. The highest percentage area of spray coverage was observed from the Accu-Flo nozzles, especially for the bottom cards. Average spray coverage from the Accu-Flo nozzles was 1.7 times higher than coverage from the CP® nozzles or Micronair® atomisers in the lower portion of the canopy.
Role of Lake Symsar in the reduction of phosphorus concentration in surface runoff from agricultural lands
Authors: Potasznik Angela , Szymczyk Sławomir , Sidoruk Marcin , Świtajska Ilona J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The study was aimed at assessing the role of Lake Symsar in the reduction of phosphorus delivered mainly by the Symsarna River. Studies were carried out since March 2011 till October 2013 in the catchment basin of Lake Symsar situated in north-eastern Poland. Every month surface water samples representative for the catchment were taken for phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) and total phosphorus (TP) analyses. Obtained results were analysed with the distinction of vegetative and non-vegetative season. Lake Symsar is the last water body in the Symsarna River system. The river divides the lake into main basin and a bay part. Concentrations of PO4-P were higher by 17% in the former than in the latter part, TP concentrations showed reverse proportions. The highest concentrations of TP were noted in a forest stream and the highest concentrations of PO4-P in the Tolknicka Struga. Reduced concentrations of both P forms were found in waters of the Symsarna River downstream its outflow from the lake. With respect to the concentrations of PO4-P and TP, waters of the Symsarna River up- and downstream the lake were ascribed to the 1st class of water quality. Through-flow Lake Symsar improves the quality of waters (the Symsarna River and smaller streams) draining agricultural catchment by the reduction of concentrations of phosphorus compounds.
Smart specialisations for voivodeships – the first steps toward improvement?
Authors: Dziemianowicz Wojciech , Peszat Klaudia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The article presents the process and effects of the emergence of smart specialisations in the Silesian and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships. The starting point is the analysis of smart specialisations in the context of the development theories, which is followed by a discussion of the specialisations of the two voivodeships. This leads to the establishment of several doubts concerning the future situation of the peripheral region presented in the article.
Invisible Base Electrode Coordinates Approximation for Simultaneous SPECT and EEG Data Visualization
Authors: Kowalczyk L. , Goszczynska H. , Zalewska E. , Bajera A. , Krolicki L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This work was performed as part of a larger research concerning the feasibility of improving the localization of epileptic foci, as compared to the standard SPECT examination, by applying the technique of EEG mapping. The presented study extends our previous work on the development of a method for superposition of SPECT images and EEG 3D maps when these two examinations are performed simultaneously. Due to the lack of anatomical data in SPECT images it is a much more difficult task than in the case of MRI/EEG study where electrodes are visible in morphological images. Using the appropriate dose of radioisotope we mark five base electrodes to make them visible in the SPECT image and then approximate the coordinates of the remaining electrodes using properties of the 10-20 electrode placement system and the proposed nine-ellipses model. This allows computing a sequence of 3D EEG maps spanning on all electrodes. It happens, however, that not all five base electrodes can be reliably identified in SPECT data. The aim of the current study was to develop a method for determining the coordinates of base electrode(s) missing in the SPECT image. The algorithm for coordinates approximation has been developed and was tested on data collected for three subjects with all visible electrodes. To increase the accuracy of the approximation we used head surface models. Freely available model from Oostenveld research based on data from SPM package and our own model based on data from our EEG/SPECT studies were used. For data collected in four cases with one electrode not visible we compared the invisible base electrode coordinates approximation for Oostenveld and our models. The results vary depending on the missing electrode placement, but application of the realistic head model significantly increases the accuracy of the approximation.
Optimization of Brain T2 Mapping Using Standard CPMG Sequence In A Clinical Scanner
Authors: Hnilicová P. , Bittšanský M. , Dobrota D. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In magnetic resonance imaging, transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping is a useful quantitative tool enabling enhanced diagnostics of many brain pathologies. The aim of our study was to test the influence of different sequence parameters on calculated T2 values, including multi-slice measurements, slice position, interslice gap, echo spacing, and pulse duration. Measurements were performed using standard multi-slice multi-echo CPMG imaging sequence on a 1.5 Tesla routine whole body MR scanner. We used multiple phantoms with different agarose concentrations (0 % to 4 %) and verified the results on a healthy volunteer. It appeared that neither the pulse duration, the size of interslice gap nor the slice shift had any impact on the T2. The measurement accuracy was increased with shorter echo spacing. Standard multi-slice multi-echo CPMG protocol with the shortest echo spacing, also the smallest available interslice gap (100 % of slice thickness) and shorter pulse duration was found to be optimal and reliable for calculating T2 maps in the human brain.
The Synthesis of a Luminescent Plasmonic Nanomaterial
Authors: Hashim Zeina , Green Mark 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGold nanoparticles were synthesised in toluene and stabilised by a fluorescent conjugated polymer (F8BT). The gold/conjugated polymer nanoparticles system was also found to be stable in dichloromethane (DCM), exhibiting both fluorescence (quantum yield = 14%) and a surface plasmon in organic solvents
Who are private alcohol importers in the Nordic countries?
Authors: Grittner Ulrike , Gustafsson Nina-Katri , Huhtanen Petri , Svensson Johan , Nordlund Sturla , Bloomfield Kim 
Published: May 2014

Aims The high price of alcohol in the Nordic countries has been a long-standing policy to curb consumption, which has led consumers to importing alcohol from countries with lower prices. This paper seeks to develop a profile of alcohol importers in four Nordic countries. Methods Cross-sectional data from general population surveys in Denmark (2003-2006), Norway (2004), Sweden (2003-2006) and Finland (2005-2006) were analysed by multiple logistic and linear regression. Independent variables included region, socio-demographics, drinking indicators and alcohol-related problems. Outcome variables were importer status and amount of imported alcohol. Results People living in regions close to countries with lower alcohol prices were more often importers and imported higher amounts than people living in other regions. Higher educated persons were more likely to be importers, but the amounts imported were smaller than those by people with lower education. Persons with higher incomes were also more likely to be importers and they also imported larger amounts than people with lower incomes. In Sweden and Denmark regional differences of importer rates were more pronounced for persons of lower incomes. Age, risky single-occasion drinking, risky drinking and alcohol problems were positively related to the amounts of imported alcohol. Conclusions Private importers in the Nordic countries are an integrated yet heavy drinking segment of society and do not appear to be located on the fringes of society.
A New Method for Proteome Screening with Two-Dimensional Urea-Sds Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Ahmad Areeba , Ahmad Riaz 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) separating proteins on the basis of their pI and molecular mass remain the best available technique for protein separation and characterization to date. But due to several limitations, including streak formation in IEF gels, partial solubility of proteins, expensive running conditions and relatively longer time taken, a simple urea-SDS-2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (US2DE) is described here. The system is reasonably sensitive, cost effective with good reproducibility. The method described in this paper employs a chaotropic agent, urea, in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), like conventional system, in the second dimension with an addition of polyacrylamide to screen the liver proteome of healthy and chemically induced fibrotic rats. The system separates the protein on the basis of chargeto- mass ratio and clearly demonstrates differential expression in the liver protein repertoire of healthy and fibrotic rats. Moreover, the present system, like other 2D electrophoretic procedures revealed at least 22 novel spots in the investigated tissues. The technique may be utilized for comprehensive proteome screening of any biological sample and would provide an overview to narrow down the candidate proteins or biomarkers.
Marketing Sports Products on Facebook: The Effect of Social Influence
Authors: Seng Chew Swee , Keat Leng Ho 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
There has been an increase in the use of social network sites as a marketing medium for commercial products and services. The aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of social network sites in influencing both consumer perception of quality of sports products and consumer intention to purchase sports products. A Facebook page of a fictitious brand of sports shoes was set up. The control group (n=57) was exposed to a page with only minimal information about sports shoes while the experimental group (n=59) was presented with additional information on the wall page consisting of ‘likes’ votes and positive comments about sports shoes. The findings suggest that online social influence not only can affect consumer perception of quality of a sports brand but also consumer buying intention. However, the effect that social influence has on purchase intention is limited to consumers with a low level of sports involvement and participation.
Acceptance of the illness and the quality of life of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Kamińska Marzena , Ciszewski Tomasz , Bronikowska Agnieszka , Ferańska Maria , Pawlak-Warszawska Agnieszka , Paśnik Elwira 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women. Its treatment is a combined therapy and the sequence and time are established according to the accepted standards in Poland. Consequences posed by this disease include disorder in the physical, mental and social spheres in women. Adapting to cancer is very important for the process of treatment, and the acceptance of the disease is the determinant. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the degree of acceptance of the illness and the assessment of quality of life among breast cancer patients during cancer treatment. Material and methods. The survey included 85 ill people treated in a conserving way and 94 ill people treated by breast amputation. Patients after the surgical procedure were subjected to adjuvant treatment involving chemotherapy (90 women) and/or endocrine therapy (87 women). The study used standardized questionnaires EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer): QLQC-30 and the scale (AIS Approval IIIness Scale). Results. The highest level of acceptance of the disease, so the best ability to adapt to cancer have those women who have undergone radical mastectomy and adjuvant hormone therapy during the treatment. The lowest level of acceptance of the illness, expressed as a negative assessment was observed in women after BCT and during chemotherapy treatment. The use of the EORTC QLQC-30 to assess the overall health and quality of life of patients allowed us to capture statistically significant differences in the percentages stating good health, with the relatively highest negative response rates which were observed in the subgroups treated with chemotherapy and hormone therapy. With regard to the highest quality of life, the percentage of negative responses was observed in subgroups treated with the use of hormone therapy and after mastectomy. Conclusions. Good acceptance of the disease was obtained by women treated for breast cancer who have undergone mastectomy in the course of adjuvant endocrine therapy. The assessment of general health and quality of life was influenced by oncological treatment. Patients during chemotherapy and hormone therapy showed a negative impact of this form of treatment on overall well-being and functioning.Patients after mastectomy and during hormone therapy treatment showed a comparatively lower quality of life compared to a group of patients after BCT and during treatment with chemotherapy
The evaluation of health-related behaviours between the physically active and non-active women
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Kowalska Sylwia , Sado-Drapała Judyta , Lewandowska Monika , Białoszewski Dariusz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. In the face of the more and more general threat with civilization diseases the promotion of healthy lifestyle should be one of main activities of educational and medical institutions. Aim. The aim of the work was comparison of chosen elements of healthy lifestyle between the young physically active women and non-sports ones. Material and methods. The survey was carried out on 156 women aged 18-35 years, divided into two groups. Persons physically active were classified into Group 1 (n=72), whereas into Group 2 - non-active ones (n=84). The investigative tool was the Inventory of Health-Related Behaviours by Juczyński (where health-related behaviours were rated in four categories: proper nutrition habits, prophylaxis behaviours, and positive attitude and health practices). Differences between the data were qualified with the t-student test for independent groups; level p≤0.05 was accepted as of minimum significance. Results. The results show that physically active persons pay greater attention to healthy lifestyle than non-sports people. The general indicator of health-related behaviours was noticeably higher in Group 1 (p=0.007). Greatest differences (p=0.008) were noted within the range of nutritional habits, and the least significant ones - in positive attitude (p=0.546). Conclusion. The positive influence of the physical activity on other aspects of the healthy lifestyle has been proven. It seems legitimate to promote physical activity among women of every age
Type of financing dental care and frequency of dental visits among patients treated with implants
Authors: Szymańska Jolanta , Koszuta Agnieszka , Rosiak Joanna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Many factors affect the oral health of the population. These include individual factors, the effectiveness of dental care, life styles and political, economic and environmental factors. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the type of financing dental care and frequency of dental visits among patients treated with implants because of missing teeth. Material and methods. The survey was conducted among 464 patients of both genders aged 20-74 years, treated with dental implants at the Non-Public Healthcare Centre “Dental” in Tomaszów Mazowiecki. The patients answered questions included in anonymous questionnaire. The questions concerned age, education, type of dental care financing and frequency of dental visits. Results. Results of the survey indicate that among patients treated with implants there were over 14-times more people benefiting from dental care in private clinics providing preventive and restorative treatments at full cost, compared with people using dental services funded by the National Health Fund. Just over 16% of the surveyed patients frequently enough, i.e. at least once in 6 months reported to the dentist. The frequency of dental visits increased with the education level - people with vocational and secondary education most often visited a dentist irregularly, when necessary, while those with higher education - once a year. Patients below 60 years reported to the dentist 1-2 times a year, whereas older - irregularly, when necessary. Conclusion. In preparing the patient for the treatment of missing teeth with implants one should be aware of his need for paying special attention to oral health and regular, sufficiently frequent follow-up visits which has a substantial impact on the course and therapeutic success in the implant prosthetic treatment
Potential anti-inflammatory activity of low molecular weight heparin in patients with exacerbations of COPD – short report
Authors: Rybacka-Chabros Barabara , Pietrzak Aldona , Chabros Paweł , Milanowski Janusz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Anti-inflammatory, separate from anti-thrombotic activity of low molecular weight heparin, is still not well documented. Aim. We estimated the influence of enoxaparin on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, as the pro-inflammatory cytokine, and interleukin-12, as the heparin-binding, anti-inflammatory cytokine, in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Material and methods. Seventy-three consecutive patients (48 males, 25 females) aged 56-75 years without thromboembolic history, were enrolled into the study. They were randomized to group who received enoxaparin in one daily dose 40 mg, or to group who did not receive it. Patients receiving oral anti-coagulants were excluded from the study. Using ELISA approach, we evaluated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-12 at the following periods: before the first dose of enoxaparin, after 7 days of treatment and 14 days of treatment. Serum level of the C-reactive protein was evaluated simultaneously. Results. In enoxaparin recipients statistically significant (p<0.01) decreasing of TNF-alpha serum levels (from 168.33 pg/ml in admission, to 85.67 pg/ml in the end of study) to compare enoxaparine non-recipients, was observed. Interleukin-12 serum levels were significantly higher in enoxaparine recipients both after 7 days (67.46 pg/ml) and 14 days (89.32 pg/ml) of the study (p<0.05). C-reactive proteins serum levels were significantly higher in enoxaparine non-recipients than recipients (p<0.05) in all study period. Conclusions. Enoxaparin in daily dose 40 mg, significantly depressed serum levels of TNF-alpha and promote serum levels of interleukin-12. Enoxaparin administration may be beneficial for the patients with COPD exacerbation during the first 14 days of treatment
Brief Report: The Role of Psychological Language in Children’S Theory of Mind and Self-Concept Development
Authors: Bosacki Sandra L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Children’s self-concept and theory of mind are both important factors in children’s social, cognitive and emotional development. Research on gender differences in children’s theory of mind understanding reveals contradictory findings such as higher degree of social understanding or theory of mind in girls (Villaneuva Badenes, Clemente Estevan, & Garcia Bacete 2000), boys score higher than girls (Russell et al., 2007), or no gender differences at all (Villaneuva Badenes, Clemente Estevan, & Garcia Bacete, 2000). This research study is part of a larger 3-year longitudinal study, investigating children’s social and emotional development during middle childhood. This study explores the gendered relations between self-concept and social understanding (including psychological language) in middle school aged children (n = 49, ages 11-13). Results suggest a negative correlation between boys’ sense of self-worth and psychological language. Implications for curriculum development that promotes socio-emotional literacy within middle school are discussed
The Effect of Freezing and Hydrocolloids on the Physical Parameters of Strawberry Mass-Based Desserts
Authors: Boča Sigita , Galoburda Ruta , Skrupskis Imants , Skrupska Dace 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of freezing, thickening and storage on the physical properties of the strawberry desserts made with addition of various hydrocolloids. The strawberry cultivars ‘Polka’, ‘Honeoye’, and ‘Senga Sengana’ harvested in Latvia were used in the study. The strawberries were processed in a blender for obtaining a homogenous mass. The strawberry mass was analyzed fresh and after storage at -18 °C. Both fresh and frozen strawberry mass samples with added gelatine, xanthan gum, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were whisked until obtaining dessert. For determination of the optimum hydrocolloid amount, sensory evaluation was done using a five-point hedonic scale. Moisture, soluble solids content, density, and pH of the product were determined. Apparent viscosity was measured using a rotational viscometer DV–III Ultra. Consistency of the dessert during its storage was evaluated using a texture analyser TA.XT.plus. The results of sensory evaluation allow concluding that in order to provide the most acceptable consistency, colour, and taste of strawberry dessert, the optimum quantity of carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum to be added is 0.6% and that of gelatine is 6%. During freezing, the soluble solids content and pH level decreased in the strawberry mass, whereas the addition of hydrocolloids increased these values. The moisture content in strawberry puree, in its turn, as a result of freezing increased under the influence of syneresis, but added hydrocolloids, on the contrary, decreased this influence. Also the viscosity and consistency of the strawberry puree prepared from the researched cultivars decreased under the influence of freezing, whereas the addition of hydrocolloids increased both the values, making the strawberry dessert firmer. The research suggests that strawberry dessert with gelatine had the most pronounced changes during storage, but strawberry dessert with added xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose changed the least.