bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of refractory stomal variceal haemorrhage with embolisation and sclerosis
Authors: Valaydon Z. , Desmond P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStomal variceal bleeding is a rare but life‐threatening complication of cirrhosis. As it is an uncommon condition, there is little evidence on the optimum treatment. We report a case of parastomal variceal bleeding in a cirrhotic and haemodynamically unstable patient. The bleeding had failed to respond to local therapy and was not amenable to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting. The varix was successfully treated under radiological guidance embolisation in conjunction with Fibrovein (STD Pharmaceuticals, UK) sclerosis. We propose that Fibrovein sclerosis through angiography should be considered as an initial treatment option in patients with parastomal variceal bleeding who are not candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting.
Le modèle de relations professionnelles piloté par les pouvoirs publics en Chine: la gestion par quotas de la consultation collective
Authors: WU Qingjun , SUN Zhaoyang 
Published: February 2015

RésuméEn Chine, les relations professionnelles sont fondées sur des consultations et des contrats collectifs pilotés par les pouvoirs publics et inscrits dans la tradition des «quotas» de la planification centralisée. Pouvoirs publics et syndicats coopèrent pour atteindre des quotas de couverture, notamment au niveau local ou de l'entreprise. La méthode est très efficace pour surmonter les réticences des employeurs, mais l'absence de négociation collective authentique induit un manque manifeste de contenu. Selon les auteurs, le gouvernement cherche à institutionnaliser un cadre réglementaire visant à contenir la montée des mouvements sociaux pour préserver la stabilité et la croissance, tout en remettant à plus tard la négociation collective.
What Next for Randomised Clinical Trials?
Authors: Weisberg Herbert I. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
RCTs have saved countless lives. But, in a world of complex medical conditions and personalised treatment plans, are they still fit for purpose? Herbert I. Weisberg looks to the past in search of a way forward
RCTs have saved countless lives. But, in a world of complex medical conditions and personalised treatment plans, are they still fit for purpose?
Overexpression of deubiquitinating enzyme USP28 promoted non‐small cell lung cancer growth
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu Biao , Qiang Yong , Huang Hairong , Wang Changtian , Li Demin , Qian Jianjun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for most lung cancer. To develop new therapy required the elucidation of NSCLC pathogenesis. The deubiquitinating enzymes USP 28 has been identified and studied in colon and breast carcinomas. However, the role of USP28 in NSCLC is unknown. The level mRNA or protein level of USP28 were measured by qRT‐PCR or immunohistochemistry (IHC). The role of USP28 in patient survival was revealed by Kaplan–Meier plot of overall survival in NSCLC patients. USP28 was up or down regulated by overexpression plasmid or siRNA transfection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis was assayed by MTT and FACS separately. Potential microRNAs, which targeted USP28, were predicated by bioinformatic algorithm and confirmed by Dual Luciferase reporter assay system. High mRNA and protein level of USP28 in NSCLC were both correlated with low patient survival rate. Overexpression of USP28 promoted NSCLC cells growth and vice versa. Down‐regulation of USP28 induced cell apoptosis. USP28 was targeted by miR‐4295. Overexpression of USP28 promoted NSCLC cells proliferation, and was associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. The expression of USP28 may be regulated by miR‐4295. Our data suggested that USP28 was a tumour‐promoting factor and a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Tertiary individual prevention improves mental health in patients with severe occupational hand eczema
Authors: Breuer K. , John S.M. , Finkeldey F. , Boehm D. , Skudlik C. , Wulfhorst B. , Dwinger C. , Werfel T. , Diepgen T.L. , Schmid‐Ott G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundOccupational hand eczema (OHE) is associated with impaired health‐related quality of life (QoL) and mental distress. Interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation measures in the framework of tertiary individual prevention (TIP) offered by the German employers' liability insurance associations include dermatological treatment, education and psychological interventions.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation in the framework of TIP on mental health in patients with severe OHE and the relationships between recovery of OHE and improvement of mental health and QoL.MethodsA total of 122 patients participated in the study. A test battery consisting of the German versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐D), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Short Form Health Survey‐36 (SF‐36) and the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress (TICS) was applied at the time of admission (T1) and 3 weeks after dismissal (T2). Severity of hand eczema was assessed with the Osnabrueck Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI).ResultsAll parameters improved significantly from T1 to T2. A relationship was established between the improvement of QoL and recovery of OHE, while there was no such relationship between the improvement of mental distress and improvement of OHE. Nonresponders had significantly more cumulative days of sickness at T1.ConclusionsOur data underscore the importance of psychological interventions in addition to dermatological treatment in the framework of prevention measures for OHE. These measures should be applied at an early stage of OHE prior to the occurrence of sick leave.
Impaired clustered protocadherin‐α leads to aggregated retinogeniculate terminals and impaired visual acuity in mice
Authors: Meguro Reiko , Hishida Ryuichi , Tsukano Hiroaki , Yoshitake Kohei , Imamura Ryota , Tohmi Manavu , Kitsukawa Takashi , Hirabayashi Takahiro , Yagi Takeshi , Takebayashi Hirohide , Shibuki Katsuei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractClustered protocadherins (cPcdhs) comprising cPcdh‐α, ‐β, and ‐γ, encode a large family of cadherin‐like cell‐adhesion molecules specific to neurons. Impairment of cPcdh‐α results in abnormal neuronal projection patterns in specific brain areas. To elucidate the role of cPcdh‐α in retinogeniculate projections, we investigated the morphological patterns of retinogeniculate terminals in the lateral geniculate (LG) nucleus of mice with impaired cPcdh‐α. We found huge aggregated retinogeniculate terminals in the dorsal LG nucleus, whereas no such aggregated terminals derived from the retina were observed in the olivary pretectal nucleus and the ventral LG nucleus. These aggregated terminals appeared between P10 and P14, just before eye opening and at the beginning of the refinement stage of the retinogeniculate projections. Reduced visual acuity was observed in adult mice with impaired cPcdh‐α, whereas the orientation selectivity and direction selectivity of neurons in the primary visual cortex were apparently normal. These findings suggest that cPcdh‐α is required for adequate spacing of retinogeniculate projections, which may be essential for normal development of visual acuity.imageClustered protocadherin‐α (cPcdh‐α) is a family of cadherin‐like cell‐adhesion molecules specifically expressed in the brain. We revealed that impairment of cPcdh‐α causes aggregation of fine retinogeniculate terminals in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd), and leads to impaired visual acuity in mice.
GOVERNMENT SIZE AND GROWTH: A REJOINDER
Authors: Bergh Andreas , Henrekson Magnus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn our 2011 survey of the literature in the Journal of Economic Surveys on the effect of government size on economic growth in wealthy countries we find a relatively consistent pattern: An increase in government size by 10 percentage points is associated with a 0.5–1 percentage point lower annual growth rate. This conclusion is questioned by Colombier. In this rejoinder we present a rebuttal of Colombier's argument based on a detailed scrutiny of his own statistical evidence and regression results. Furthermore, we note that several new papers that have appeared since our original paper was published give support to our main conclusion.
Periodontal health, perceived oral health, and dental care utilization of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Taichman L. Susan , Griggs Jennifer J. , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis population‐based analysis examined the prevalence of periodontal diseases along with the self‐perceived oral health and patterns of dental care utilization of breast cancer survivors in the United States.MethodsData from the 1999‐2004 National Health and Nutrition Surveys were utilized, examining information from 3,354 women between 50 and 85 years of age. Primary outcomes were gingivitis and periodontitis, self‐perceived oral health, and dental care utilization. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate relationships of breast cancer diagnosis and primary outcomes while controlling for confounding factors.ResultsBreast cancer survivors were more likely to be older than 55 years, white, nonsmokers, have higher levels of education and income, and a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. Breast cancer survivors were significantly less likely to have dental insurance (P = 0.04). Utilization of dental services and reason for last dental visit did not significantly differ between groups. A history of a breast cancer diagnosis did not increase the odds of gingivitis [odds ratio (OR):  1.32; 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 0.53‐3.63], periodontitis (OR: 1.82; 95 percent CI:  0.89‐4.01), or poor self‐perceived oral health (OR: 0.89; 95 percent CI: 0.61‐1.33) after adjusting for age, race, education, dental care utilization, and smoking status.ConclusionsIn this sample, a history of breast cancer does not significantly impact periodontal health, self‐perceived oral health, and dental care utilization. However, efforts should be made to assure that breast cancer survivors have dental insurance.
Mechanisms of isoproterenol‐induced cardiac mitochondrial damage: protective actions of melatonin
Authors: Mukherjee Debasri , Ghosh Arnab K. , Dutta Mousumi , Mitra Elina , Mallick Sanjaya , Saha Bhaskar , Reiter Russel J. , Bandyopadhyay Debasish 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative damage is the key feature of several diseases. We have earlier reported mitochondrial damage resulting from the generation of oxidative stress as a major pathophysiological effect of isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial ischemia in rats. That melatonin is an antioxidant that ameliorates oxidative stress in experimental animals as well as in humans is well established. We previously demonstrated that melatonin provides cardioprotection against ISO‐induced myocardial injury as a result of its antioxidant properties. The mechanism of ISO‐induced cardiac mitochondrial damage and protection by melatonin, however, remains to be elucidated in vitro. In this study, we provide evidence that ISO causes dysfunction of isolated goat heart mitochondria. Incubation of cardiac mitochondria with increasing concentrations of ISO decreased mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, which plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, as well as altered the activities of other key enzymes of the Kreb's cycle and the respiratory chain. Co‐incubation of ISO‐challenged mitochondria with melatonin prevented the alterations in enzyme activity. That these changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism were due to the perpetration of oxidative stress by ISO was evident from the increased levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. ISO‐induced oxidative stress also altered mitochondrial redox potential and brought about changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, eventually leading to alterations in total ATPase activity and membrane potential. Melatonin ameliorated these changes likely through its antioxidant abilities suggesting a possible mechanism of cardioprotection by this indole against ISO‐induced myocardial injury.
Online monitoring of the social presence effects in a two‐person‐like driving video game using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Tao , Saito Hirofumi , Oi Misato 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examined how a friend's presence affects a performer's prefrontal activation in daily‐life activities using two wireless portable near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices. Participants played a driving video game either solely in the single group or with a friend in the paired group. The two groups (single and paired) were subdivided according to their game proficiency (low and high). The NIRS data demonstrated a significant interaction of group by proficiency. Low‐proficiency players in the paired group showed lower activation than those in the single group, but high‐proficiency players did not. In the paired group, high‐proficiency players showed higher activation than low‐proficiency players, but not in the single group. These results suggest that NIRS detects social presence effects in everyday situations: decreasing prefrontal activation in low‐proficiency performers due to tension reduction and increasing prefrontal activation in high‐proficiency performers due to increased arousal.
Risk of all‐type cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and pancreatic cancer in patients infected with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Andersen E. S. , Omland L. H. , Jepsen P. , Krarup H. , Christensen P. B. , Obel N. , Weis N. ,   the DANVIR Cohort Study
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is well established; however, long‐term risk estimates are needed. Recently, it has been suggested that HBV is associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and pancreatic cancer (PC). The aim of this Danish nationwide cohort study was to evaluate the association between HBV infection and all‐type cancer, HCC, NHL and PC. A cohort of patients infected with HBV (n = 4345) and an age‐ and sex‐matched population‐based comparison cohort of individuals (n = 26 070) without a positive test for HBV were linked to The Danish Cancer Registry to compare the risk of all‐type cancer, HCC, NHL and PC among the two groups. The median observation period was 8.0 years. Overall, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for all‐type cancer among HBV‐infected patients was 1.1 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.9–1.3). The IRR of HCC was 17.4 (CI 5.5–54.5), whereas the IRR of PC and NHL was 0.9 (CI 0.3–2.5) and 1.2 (CI 0.4–3.6), respectively. HBV‐infected patients had a 10‐year risk of 0.24% (Cl 0.12–0.44) for HCC, whereas the comparison cohort had a 10‐year risk of 0.03% (Cl 0.02–0.07) for HCC. The risk of all‐type cancer, NHL and PC was not higher in the HBV‐infected cohort compared to non‐HBV infected. We found a 17‐fold higher risk of HCC for HBV‐infected individuals.
Structural Damage Detection Using Modal Strain Energy and Hybrid Multiobjective Optimization
Authors: Cha Young‐Jin , Buyukozturk Oral 
Published: February 2015

AbstractModal strain energy (MSE) is a sensitive physical property that can be utilized as a damage index in structural health monitoring. Inverse problem solving‐based approaches using single‐objective optimization algorithms are also a promising damage identification method. However, the research into the integration of these methods is currently limited; only partial success in the detection of structural damage with high errors has been reported. The majority of previous research was focused on detecting damage in simply supported beams or plain structures. In this study, a novel damage detection approach using hybrid multiobjective optimization algorithms based on MSE is proposed to detect damages in various three‐dimensional (3‐D) steel structures. Minor damages have little effect on the difference of the modal properties of the structure, and thus such damages with multiple locations in a structure are difficult to detect using traditional damage detection methods based on modal properties. Various minor damage scenarios are created for the 3‐D structures to investigate the newly proposed multiobjective approach. The proposed hybrid multiobjective genetic algorithm detects the exact locations and extents of the induced minor damages in the structure. Even though it uses incomplete mode shapes, which do not have any measured information at the damaged element, the proposed approach detects damage well. The robustness of the proposed method is investigated by adding 5% Gaussian random white noise as a noise effect to mode shapes, which are used in the calculation ofMSE.
Impact of hyperuricaemia on the chronic kidney disease‐associated risk factors in a community‐based population
Authors: Tsumuraya Yoshiko , Hirayama Tomo , Tozuka Emiko , Furuta Wakana , Utsugi Shinobu , Tsuchiya Atsuko , Hishida Akira , Kumagai Hiromichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimHyperuricaemia is a common finding in subjects with lifestyle related diseases. This study was performed to examine its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in relation to other risk factors in a community‐based population.MethodsData from 187 914 participants, excepting CKD stage 5, of the health check‐up were included in this analysis. The association between CKD and its risk factors were examined by a logistic analysis. The association of hyperuricaemia and CKD was also compared in the population without any lifestyle related diseases and the whole population.ResultsThe prevalence of hyperuricaemia was significantly higher in the advanced stage of CKD. The odds ratio of hyperuricaemia was higher than that of other factors for the association with CKD. The odds ratio of many CKD‐associated variables was increased in the advanced stage. Among them, the odds ratio of hyperuricaemia was markedly increased. The prevalence of hyperuricaemia was lower in the population without any lifestyle related diseases than in the whole population in the early stages, the difference of prevalence between the two populations becoming smaller in the advanced stage.ConclusionsThe association of incident CKD with hyperuricaemia was stronger than with other chronic kidney disease‐risk factors, this association becoming more significant in the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease. Although this result does not indicate the cause and result relationship, the data suggest that hyperuricaemia might not be appropriately treated in this population.
De novo hepatitis B virus infection after pediatric liver transplantations with hepatitis B core antibody‐positive donors: A single‐center 20‐yr experience
Authors: Lee Yeoun Joo , Oh Seak Hee , Kim Kyung Mo , Song Seung Min , Namgoong Jung‐Man , Kim Dae Yeon , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDNHB is common in countries with high prevalence of hepatitis B, and therefore, contracting hepatitis B after LT with HBcAb+ grafts is a major concern. We studied DNHB in 247 children (aged <18 yr) who underwent LT from 1994 to 2013. Sixty‐six of 247 recipients received HBcAb+ donor grafts. The incidence of DNHB was 5.7% (14 of 247 children) and that in HBcAb+ donor grafts was 19.7% (13 of 66 children). The incidence of DNHB without LAM prophylaxis was 31.3% (nine of 29 children), while that with prophylaxis was 10.8% (four of 37 children). LAM prophylaxis negatively correlated with DNHB by Cox regression analysis (p = 0.028, odds ratio = 0.258). Among 13 DNHB patients with HBcAb+ donor grafts, eight recovered from DNHB and four showed the emergence of LAM resistance. There was no DNHB‐related graft failure. This study showed that HBcAb+ donor graft was associated with development of DNHB, and use of LAM prophylaxis decreased the incidence of DNHB with HBcAb+ graft.
Older people's experience of utilisation and administration of medicines in a health‐ and social care context
Authors: Gransjön Craftman Åsa , Westerbotn Margareta , von Strauss Eva , Hillerås Pernilla , Marmstål Hammar Lena 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundPeople living at home who lack ability to manage their medicine are entitled to assistance to improve adherence provided by a home care assistant employed by social care.AimThe aim was to describe how older people with chronic diseases, living at home, experience the use and assistance of administration of medicines in the context of social care.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsTen participants (age 65+) living at home were interviewed in the participants' own homes. Latent content analysis was used.FindingsThe assistance eases daily life with regard to practical matters and increases adherence to a medicine regimen. There were mixed feelings about being dependent on assistance; it interferes with self‐sufficiency at a time of health transition. Participants were balancing empowerment and a dubious perception of the home care assistants' knowledge of medicine and safety. Physicians' and district nurses' professional knowledge was a safety guarantee for the medicine process.ConclusionsAssistance eases daily life and medicine regimen adherence. Dependence on assistance may affect self‐sufficiency. Perceived safety varied relating to home care assistants' knowledge of medicine.Relevance to Clinical PracticeA well‐functioning medicine assistance is crucial to enable older people to remain at home. A person‐centred approach to health‐ and social care delivery is efficient and improve outcome for the recipient of care.
The investigation and comparison of the underlying needs of common disruptive behaviours in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Chi‐Jane , Pai Ming‐Chyi , Hsiao Hua‐Shan , Wang Jing‐Jy 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundManagement of the disruptive behaviours is one of the most challenging aspects of caring for patients with Alzheimer's dementia (PwAD). The underlying needs of disruptive behaviours in PwADhad rarely been studied, especially the comparison of the underlying needs of disruptive behaviours in PwADhave never been mentioned.Aims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the underlying needs of five common disruptive behaviours including hoarding, aggressive behaviour, repetitive behaviour, altered eating behaviour and delusion in PwAD, as perceived by family caregivers, and to relate these needs from the perspective of Maslow's hierarchy.MethodsAn exploratory research design with qualitative data collection techniques was employed. Informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the data collection. A total of 65 pairs of caregiver–patient with Alzheimer's disease participated in the study. A semi‐structured interview guide was used during the interview, and the directed content analysis method was conducted to analyse data.ResultsFour themes related to the underlying needs of the five selected disruptive behaviours emerged from the data, and these included a desire for comfort (physical and psychological), a desire for security (psychological and economic), a need for a sense of belonging (including a need to connect with the outside world and a need for attention) and a need for self‐control. These behaviour features were found closely related to Maslow's hierarchy model of human needs.ConclusionAlthough the data were gathered from the caregivers, and the views of the patients were thus not included in the analysis, the findings provide information for health providers that can enable them to better understand the underlying needs of common disruptive behaviours in patients with Alzheimer's disease and thus help develop better patient‐centred care plans.