bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal-hydraulic calculations for a fuel assembly in a European Pressurized Reactor using the RELAP5 code
Authors: Skrzypek Maciej , Laskowski R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The main object of interest was a typical fuel assembly, which constitutes a core of the nuclear reactor. The aim of the paper is to describe the phenomena and calculate thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters in the fuel assembly for a European Pressurized Reactor (EPR). To perform thermal-hydraulic calculations, the RELAP5 code was used. This code allows to simulate steady and transient states for reactor applications. It is also an appropriate calculation tool in the event of a loss-of-coolant accident in light water reactors. The fuel assembly model with nodalization in the RELAP5 (Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program) code was presented. The calculations of two steady states for the fuel assembly were performed: the nominal steady-state conditions and the coolant flow rate decreased to 60% of the nominal EPR flow rate. The calculation for one transient state for a linearly decreasing flow rate of coolant was simulated until a new level was stabilized and SCRAM occurred. To check the correctness of the obtained results, the authors compared them against the reactor technical documentation available in the bibliography. The obtained results concerning steady states nearly match the design data. The hypothetical transient showed the importance of the need for correct cooling in the reactor during occurrences exceeding normal operation. The performed analysis indicated consequences of the coolant flow rate limitations during the reactor operation.
Market Entry, Product Quality And Price Competition
Authors: Mathur Sameer , Dewani Prem Prakash 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We study an entrant firm’s product quality choice and the price competition arising between the entrant and the incumbent firm. We show that the entrant firm should introduce a relatively higher (lower) quality than the incumbent firm when the consumers’ valuation for quality is sufficiently large (small). We also study how the incumbent firm modifies its price in response to the ensuing price competition. We find that the incumbent firm should decrease its price. We also profile how the incumbent firm’s price non-linearly depends on consumers’ valuation for quality.
Density topologies on the plane between ordinary and strong. II
Authors: Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta , Wilczyński Władysław 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Let C0 denote a set of all non-decreasing continuous functions f : (0, 1] → (0, 1] such that limx→0+f(x) = 0 and f(x) ≤ x for every x ∊ (0, 1], and let A be a measurable subset of the plane. The notions of a density point of A with respect to f and the mapping defined on the family of all measurable subsets of the plane were introduced in Wagner-Bojakowska, E. Wilcziński, W.: Density topologies on the plane between ordinary and strong, Tatra Mt. Math. Publ. 44 (2009), 139 151. This mapping is a lower density, so it allowed us to introduce the topology Tf , analogously to the density topology. In this note, properties of the topology Tf and functions approximately continuous with respect to f are considered. We prove that (ℝ2, Tf) is a completely regular topological space and we study conditions under which topologies generated by two functions f and g are equal.
On separation by h-convex functions
Authors: Olbryś Andrzej 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In the present paper, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions under which two functions can be separated by h-convex function, in the case, when the function h is multiplicative. This result is related to the theorem on separation by convex functions presented in Baron, K. Matkowski, J. Nikodem, K. [A sandwich with convexity, Math. Pannon. 5 (1994), 139 144].
On differentiability of mappings with finite dilation
Authors: Turowska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We study mappings f : (a,b) → Y with finite dilation having Lebesgue integrable majorant, where Y is a real normed vector space. We construct Lipschitz mapping f : (a,b) → Y, dim Y = ∞ , which is nowhere differentiable but its graph has everywhere trivial contingent. We show that if the contingent of the graph of a mapping with finite dilation is a nontrivial space, then f is almost everywhere differentiable.
(B∆I,I)-saturated sets and Hamel basis
Authors: Karasińska Aleksandra , Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Let I be a proper σ-ideal of subsets of the real line. In a σ-field of Borel sets modulo sets from the σ-ideal I we introduce an analogue of the saturated non-measurability considered by Halperin. Properties of (B∆I,I)-saturated sets are investigated.
M. Kuczma considered a problem how small or large a Hamel basis can be. We try to study this problem in the context of sets from I.
Stability conditions for linear delay difference equations: a survey and perspectives
Authors: Čermák Jan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The paper presents an overview of the basic results and methods for stability investigations of higher-order linear autonomous difference equations. The presented criteria formulate several types of necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the zero solution of studied equations, with a special emphasize put on delay difference equations. Various comments, comparisons, examples and illustrations are given to support theoretical results.
Motor Cortex Activity Organizes the Developing Rubrospinal System
Authors: Williams Preston T.J.A. , Martin John H. 
Published: September 2015

The corticospinal and rubrospinal systems function in skilled movement control. A key question is how do these systems develop the capacity to coordinate their motor functions and, in turn, if the red nucleus/rubrospinal tract (RN/RST) compensates for developmental corticospinal injury? We used the cat to investigate whether the developing rubrospinal system is shaped by activity-dependent interactions with the developing corticospinal system. We unilaterally inactivated M1 by muscimol microinfusion between postnatal weeks 5 and 7 to examine activity-dependent interactions and whether the RN/RST compensates for corticospinal tract (CST) developmental motor impairments and CST misprojections after M1 inactivation. We examined the RN motor map and RST cervical projections at 7 weeks of age, while the corticospinal system was inactivated, and at 14 weeks, after activity returned. During M1 inactivation, the RN on the same side showed normal RST projections and reduced motor thresholds, suggestive of precocious development. By contrast, the RN on the untreated/active M1 side showed sparse RST projections and an immature motor map. After M1 activity returned later in adolescent cat development, RN on the active M1/CST side continued to show a substantial loss of spinal terminations and an impaired motor map. RN/RST on the inactivated side regressed to a smaller map and fewer axons. Our findings suggest that the developing rubrospinal system is under activity-dependent regulation by the corticospinal system for establishing mature RST connections and RN motor map. The lack of RS compensation on the non-inactivated side can be explained by development of ipsilateral misprojections from the active M1 that outcompete the RST.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSkilled movements reflect the activity of multiple descending motor systems and their interactions with spinal motor circuits. Currently, there is little insight into whether motor systems interact during development to coordinate their emerging functions and, if so, the mechanisms underlying this process. This study examined activity-dependent interactions between the developing corticospinal and rubrospinal systems, two key systems for skilled limb movements. We show that the developing rubrospinal system competes with the corticospinal system in establishing the red nucleus motor map and rubrospinal tract connections. This is the first demonstration of one motor system steering development, and ultimately function, of another. Knowledge of activity-dependent competition between these two systems helps predict the response of the rubrospinal system following corticospinal system developmental injury.
The Cancer Chemotherapeutic Paclitaxel Increases Human and Rodent Sensory Neuron Responses to TRPV1 by Activation of TLR4
Authors: Li Yan , Adamek Pavel , Zhang Haijun , Tatsui Claudio Esteves , Rhines Laurence D. , Mrozkova Petra , Li Qin , Kosturakis Alyssa K. , Cassidy Ryan M. , Harrison Daniel S. , Cata Juan P. , Sapire Kenneth , Zhang Hongmei , Kennamer-Chapman Ross M. , Jawad Abdul Basit , Ghetti Andre , Yan Jiusheng , Palecek Jiri , Dougherty Patrick M. 
Published: September 2015

Peripheral neuropathy is dose limiting in paclitaxel cancer chemotherapy and can result in both acute pain during treatment and chronic persistent pain in cancer survivors. The hypothesis tested was that paclitaxel produces these adverse effects at least in part by sensitizing transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. The data show that paclitaxel-induced behavioral hypersensitivity is prevented and reversed by spinal administration of a TRPV1 antagonist. The number of TRPV1+neurons is increased in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in paclitaxel-treated rats and is colocalized with TLR4 in rat and human DRG neurons. Cotreatment of rats with lipopolysaccharide from the photosynthetic bacteriumRhodobacter sphaeroides(LPS-RS), a TLR4 inhibitor, prevents the increase in numbers of TRPV1+neurons by paclitaxel treatment. Perfusion of paclitaxel or the archetypal TLR4 agonist LPS activated both rat DRG and spinal neurons directly and produced acute sensitization of TRPV1 in both groups of cells via a TLR4-mediated mechanism. Paclitaxel and LPS sensitize TRPV1 in HEK293 cells stably expressing human TLR4 and transiently expressing human TRPV1. These physiological effects also are prevented by LPS-RS. Finally, paclitaxel activates and sensitizes TRPV1 responses directly in dissociated human DRG neurons. In summary, TLR4 was activated by paclitaxel and led to sensitization of TRPV1. This mechanism could contribute to paclitaxel-induced acute pain and chronic painful neuropathy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this original work, it is shown for the first time that paclitaxel activates peripheral sensory and spinal neurons directly and sensitizes these cells to transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1)-mediated capsaicin responses via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in multiple species. A direct functional interaction between TLR4 and TRPV1 is shown in rat and human dorsal root ganglion neurons, TLR4/TRPV1-coexpressing HEK293 cells, and in both rat and mouse spinal cord slices. Moreover, this is the first study to show that this interaction plays an important role in the generation of behavioral hypersensitivity in paclitaxel-related neuropathy. The key translational implications are that TLR4 and TRPV1 antagonists may be useful in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in humans.
Puerperal women’s perceptions regarding preparation for birth in prenatal care
Authors: Brito Carla Andrea de , Silva Antonia Silvânete Saraiva , Cruz Rachel de sá Barreto Luna Callou 
Published: September 2015

To understand the perception of puerperal women regarding preparation for birth in the prenatal period.Methods: qualitative and exploratory research, undertaken in a maternity unit with 30 puerperal women. The technique of semistructured interview was applied and the discourses were analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject. Results: it was evidenced that the puerperal women perceive the preparation for birth as important for experiencing labor and childbirth. At the time of labor, the fear of the pain was the most frequent feeling. It was identified that preparation for the birth is limited to the passing on of information regarding signs and symptoms which indicate labor as they occur. Conclusion: the professional who assists the pregnant woman must have a broad view regarding her needs, indicating a need for continuing education.
Risk factors for suicide, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians
Authors: Nett Randall J. , Witte Tracy K. , Holzbauer Stacy M. , Elchos Brigid L. , Campagnolo Enzo R. , Musgrave Karl J. , Carter Kris K. , Kurkjian Katie M. , Vanicek Cole F. , O'Leary Daniel R. , Pride Kerry R. , Funk Renee H. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the prevalence of suicide risk factors, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Sample—11,627 US veterinarians.
Procedures—Between July 1 and October 20, 2014, a Web-based questionnaire was made available through the Veterinary Information Network (VIN), VIN News Service, JAVMA News, and email messages to US veterinarians sent by a veterinary medical association, agriculture or livestock department, or health department of each state (except Maine) and Puerto Rico.
Results—Of 11,627 respondents, 3,628 (31%) were male. Modal age category was 30 to 39 years, and modal range for years practicing veterinary medicine was 10 to 19 years. There were 7,460 (64%) respondents who primarily practiced small animal medicine, and 4,224 (36%) who were practice owners. There were 1,077 (9%) respondents with current serious psychological distress. Since leaving veterinary school, 3,655 (31%) respondents experienced depressive episodes, 1,952 (17%) experienced suicidal ideation, and 157 (1%) attempted suicide. Currently, 2,228 (19%) respondents were receiving treatment for a mental health condition. Only 3,250 of 10,220 (32%) respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that people are sympathetic toward persons with mental illness. The most commonly reported practice-related stressor was demands of practice.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this survey, approximately 1 in 11 veterinarians had serious psychological distress and 1 in 6 experienced suicidal ideation since leaving veterinary school. Implementing measures to help veterinarians cope with practice-related stressors and reducing barriers veterinarians face in seeking mental health treatment might reduce the risk for suicide among veterinarians.
Evaluation of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> anti-arthritic potential of <i>Berberis calliobotrys</i>
Authors: Alamgeer . , Hasan Umme Habiba , Uttra Ambreen Malik , Rasool Shahid 
Published: September 2015

<p class="Abstract">The present study was commenced to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of 70% methanol extract and <em>n</em>-butanol and aqueous fractions of <em>Berberis calliobotrys</em> using both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> arthritis models. Extract and fractions were investigated<em> in vitro</em> for inhibition of protein (bovine serum and egg albumin) denaturation and human red blood cell membrane stabilization. <em>In vivo</em> anti-arthritic activity of extract and fractions at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg was assessed using turpentine oil and formaldehyde-induced arthritis, while, 200 mg/kg dose was evaluated against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis. <em>B. calliobotrys</em> produced significant (p&lt;0.001) dose dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and human red blood cell membrane stabilization. In turpentine oil, formaldehyde and complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis models,<em> B. calliobotrys</em> significantly (p&lt;0.001) reduced joint and paw swelling. <em>B. calliobotrys</em> markedly improved body weight, hematology profile, radiological and histopathological parameters in complete Freund’s adjuvant model. It could be concluded that <em>B. calliobotrys</em> holds anti-arthritic potential, supporting its traditional use in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.</p><br /><p> </p>
Assignment of Empirical Mode Decomposition Components and Its Application to Biomedical Signals
Authors: Schmidt C. , Piper D. , Putsche P. , Feucht M. , Witte H. , Leistritz L. , Schiecke K. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectives: Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a frequently used signal processing approach which adaptively decomposes a signal into a set of narrow-band components known as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). For multi-trial, multivariate (multiple simultaneous recordings), and multi-subject analyses the number and signal properties of the IMFs can deviate from each other between trials, channels and subjects. A further processing of IMFs, e.g. a simple ensemble averaging, should determine which IMFs of one signal correspond to IMFs from another signal. When the signal properties have similar characteristics, the IMFs are assigned to each other. This problem is known as correspondence problem.Methods: From the mathematical point of view, in some cases the correspondence problem can be transformed into an assignment problem which can be solved e.g. by the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm (KMA) by which a minimal cost matching can be found. We use the KMA for solving classic assignment problems, i.e. the pairwise correspondence between two sets of IMFs of equal cardinalities, and for pairwise correspondences between two sets of IMFs with different cardinalities representing an unbalanced assignment problem which is a special case of the k-cardinality assignment problem.Results: A KMA-based approach to solve the correspondence problem was tested by using simulated, heart rate variability (HRV), and EEG data. The KMA-based results of HRV decomposition are compared with those obtained from a hierarchical cluster analysis (state-of-the-art). The major difference between the two approaches is that there is a more consistent assignment pattern using KMA. Integrating KMA into complex analysis concepts enables a comprehensive exploitation of the key advantages of the EMD. This can be demonstrated by non-linear analysis of HRV-related IMFs and by an EMD-based cross-frequency coupling analysis of the EEG data.Conclusions: The successful application to HRV and EEG analysis demonstrates that our solutions can be used for automated EMD-based processing concepts for biomedical signals.
Floral anatomy and vegetative development in Ceratophyllum demersum: A morphological picture of an “unsolved” plant
Authors: Iwamoto Akitoshi , Izumidate Ryoko , Ronse De Craene Louis P. 
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The phylogenetic position of Ceratophyllum is still controversial in recent molecular analyses of angiosperms, with various suggestions of a sister group relation to all other angiosperms, eudicots, monocots, eudicots + monocots, and magnoliids. Therefore, the morphological characters of Ceratophyllum are important for resolving the phylogeny of angiosperms. In this study, we observed the detailed developmental anatomy of all lateral organs and their configurations to elucidate the floral development and phyllotactic pattern of Ceratophyllum demersum.METHODS:We observed fixed shoots of C. demersum with scanning electron microscopy and serial sections of the samples with light microscopy.KEY RESULTS:Bract primordia arise first, followed by the stamen primordia in staminate flowers. Both bracts and stamens initiate unidirectionally, first on the abaxial side of the floral apex and later on the adaxial side, most likely due to the contact pressure imposed by the leaf primordium at the superior node. In pistillate flowers, bract primordia on the abaxial side were also initiated first. The configuration of buds at one node showed six patterns and each pattern included at least one vegetative bud, and flower buds were always accompanied by vegetative buds at the same node.CONCLUSIONS:The initiation pattern of organs in the outer whorls of C. demersum flowers is distorted by mechanical pressure, resulting in the phyllotactic variation of staminate flowers. Vegetative buds are the main axillary buds with floral buds as accessory buds, which suggests that the shoot of C. demersum has been modified from a decussate phyllotaxis.
Les Marocains dans la guerre d’Indochine (1947-1954)
Authors: Bodin Michel 
Published: September 2015

De 1947 à 1954, le corps expéditionnaire français en Indochine n’a pas les effectifs suffisants pour l’accomplissement de ses missions. Les autorités françaises doivent faire appel à de nombreux soldats des colonies, parmi eux environ 60 000 Marocains recrutés facilement. Ils acquièrent une réputation de combattants solides et loyaux. En dépit de la guerre, ils sont contents de leur vie en Indochine et ne posent aucun problème jusqu’en 1950. Après, l’arrivée de plus jeunes soldats, les revers français, les propagandes et la détérioration de la situation au Maroc troublent parfois ces hommes. Mais cela ne crée pas de graves problèmes ni dans les unités ni à leur retour au Maroc.
II ruolo degli omega-3 nel paziente pluripatologico complesso: dalle evidenze alla pratica clinica in Medicina Interna
Authors: Gnerre Guest Editors: P. , Campanini M. , Fontanella A. , Nardi R. 
Published: September 2015

<img src="/public/site/images/pgranata/intro.jpg" alt="" /><br /><p class="titolo"><strong>II ruolo degli omega-3 nel paziente pluripatologico complesso</strong> 241<br /><em>M. Campanini, R. Nardi</em></p><img src="/public/site/images/pgranata/rass.jpg" alt="" /><br /><p class="titolo"><strong>II ruolo degli omega-3 nella prevenzione dell’ipertrigliceridemia pura e iperlipemia combinata, ma non solo: dalle evidenze alla pratica clinica</strong> 247<br /><em>P. Gnerre, O. Para, G. Balbi</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Gli omega-3 nell’obesità e nell’insulino-resistenza</strong> 260<br /><em>M. Poggiano</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Gli omega-3 nel diabete mellito di tipo 2</strong> 262<br /><em>M. Poggiano</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Gli effetti degli omega-3 sulle aritmie</strong> 265<br /><em>C. Cenci</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Gli effetti degli omega-3 nella prevenzione dell’infarto miocardico</strong> 269<br /><em>R. Gerloni</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Omega-3 e scompenso cardiaco</strong> 274<br /><em>R. Gerloni</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>I prodotti naturali: una possibile alternativa alle statine per la riduzione del colesterolo</strong> 279<br /><em>M.C. Pasquini</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Nutrizione, omega-3 e cancro</strong> 288<br /><em>A. Mazza, G. Rubello, G. Mazza</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Gli omega-3: trigliceridi naturali o esteri etilici?</strong> 301<br /><em>P. Zuccheri, C. Iacono, G. Benini</em></p><img src="/public/site/images/pgranata/concl.jpg" alt="" /><p class="titolo"><strong>II ruolo degli omega-3 nel paziente pluripatologico complesso: dalle evidenze alla pratica clinica in Medicina Interna</strong> 306<br /><em>A. Fontanella</em></p>
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from colored fat-tailed fluctuations: An electronic analogy
Authors: Peña Rosselló J. I. , Deza Roberto , Deza J. I. , Wio H. S. 
Published: September 2015

Aiming to optimize piezoelectric energy harvesting from strongly col-ored fat-tailed fluctuations, we have recently studied the performance ofa monostable inertial device under a noise whose statistics depends on aparameter q (bounded for q < 1, Gaussian for q = 1, fat-tailed for q > 1).We have studied the interplay between the potential shape (interpolatingbetween square-well and harmonic-like behaviors) and the noise’s statis-tics and spectrum, and showed that its output power grows as q increasesabove 1. We now report a real experiment on an electronic analog of theproposed system, which sheds light on its operating principle.Received: 20 Novembre 2014, Accepted: 7 September 2015; Edited by: C. A. Condat, G. J. Sibona; DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070014Cite as: J I Peña Rosselló, R Deza, J . Deza, H S Wio, Papers in Physics 7, 070014 (2015)This paper, by J. I. Peña Rosselló, R. R. Deza, J. I. Deza, H. S. Wio, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.