bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid visual stimulation increases extrasynaptic glutamate receptor expression but not visual‐evoked potentials in the adult rat primary visual cortex
Authors: Eckert M. J. , Guévremont D. , Williams J. M. , Abraham W. C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe model most used to study synaptic plasticity, long‐term potentiation (LTP), typically employs electrical stimulation of afferent fibers to induce changes in synaptic strength. It would be beneficial for understanding the behavioral relevance of LTP if a model could be developed that used more naturalistic stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the adult visual cortex, previously thought to have lost most of its plasticity once past the critical period, is in fact capable of LTP‐like changes in synaptic strength in response to sensory manipulations alone. In a preliminary study, we used a photic tetanus (PT; flashing checkerboard stimulus) to induce an enhancement of the visual‐evoked potential (VEP) in the primary visual cortex of anesthetised adult rats. In the present study, we sought to compare the mechanisms of this novel sensory LTP with those of traditional electrical LTP. Unexpectedly, we found that sensory LTP was not induced as reliably as we had observed previously, as manipulations of several parameters failed to lead to significant potentiation of the VEP. However, we did observe a significant increase in visual cortex glutamate receptor expression on the surface of isolated synapses following the PT. Both AMPA receptor expression and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit expression were increased, specifically in extrasynaptic regions of the membrane, in PT animals. These results provide biochemical confirmation of the lack of change in the VEP in response to PT, but suggest that PT may prime synapses for strengthening upon appropriate subsequent activation, through the trafficking of glutamate receptors to the cell surface.
The brain's specialized systems for aesthetic and perceptual judgment
Authors: Ishizu T. , Zeki S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe recorded brain activity when 21 subjects judged the beauty (aesthetic or affective judgment) and brightness (perceptual or cognitive judgment) of simultaneously presented paintings. Aesthetic judgments engaged medial and lateral subdivisions of the orbitofrontal cortex as well as subcortical stations associated with affective motor planning (globus pallidus, putamen–claustrum, amygdala, and cerebellar vermis), whereas the motor, premotor and supplementary motor areas, as well as the anterior insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, were engaged by both kinds of judgment. The results lead us to conclude: (i) that there is a functional specialization for judgment, with aesthetic judgments engaging distinct systems, in addition to those that they share with perceptual judgments; (ii) that the systems engaged by affective judgments are those in which activity correlates with polar experiences (e.g. love–hate, beauty–ugliness, and attraction–repulsion); and (iii) that there is also a functional specialization in the motor pathways, with aesthetic judgments engaging motor systems not engaged by perceptual judgments, in addition to those engaged by both kinds of judgment.
Oceanographic connectivity and environmental correlates of genetic structuring in Atlantic herring in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Teacher Amber GF , André Carl , Jonsson Per R , Merilä Juha 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMarine fish often show little genetic structuring in neutral marker genes, and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea are no exception; historically, very low levels of population differentiation (FST ≈ 0.002) have been found, despite a high degree of interpopulation environmental heterogeneity in salinity and temperature. Recent exome sequencing and SNP studies have however shown that many loci are under selection in this system. Here, we combined population genetic analyses of a large number of transcriptome‐derived microsatellite markers with oceanographic modelling to investigate genetic differentiation and connectivity in Atlantic herring at a relatively fine scale within the Baltic Sea. We found evidence for weak but robust and significant genetic structuring (FST = 0.008) explainable by oceanographic connectivity. Genetic differentiation was also associated with site differences in temperature and salinity, with the result driven by the locus Her14 which appears to be under directional selection (FST = 0.08). The results show that Baltic herring are genetically structured within the Baltic Sea, and highlight the role of oceanography and environmental factors in explaining this structuring. The results also have implications for the management of herring fisheries, the most economically important fishery in the Baltic Sea, suggesting that the current fisheries management units may be in need of revision.
Fish assemblages in theSouthernCaliforniaCurrent: relationships with climate, 1951–2008
Authors: Anthony Koslow J. , Goericke Ralf , Watson William 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe examined the dominant patterns of variability in the fish fauna of the southernCaliforniaCurrent based on a principal component (PC) analysis of theCaliforniaCooperativeOceanicFisheriesInvestigations ichthyoplankton data set, 1951–2008. Eighty‐six taxa were analyzed, including all ecologically dominant fish species, both exploited and unexploited. The first threePCs accounted for 20.5, 12.4 and 6.8% of the variance of the data, respectively (total: 39.7%). Each was dominated by taxa from particular adult or larval habitats.PC1 predominantly represented the coherent response of 24 mesopelagic taxa from 10 families and was most highly correlated with long‐term trends in midwater oxygen levels.PC2 was dominated by six of the seven most abundant ichthyoplankton taxa in the region, predominantlyCaliforniaCurrent endemics including key pelagic species (northern anchovy,Pacific sardine andPacific hake), rockfishes (genusSebastes) and two midwater taxa. It was correlated primarily with sea surface temperature and exhibited a significant declining trend.PC3 was dominated by coastal and reef‐associated fishes with predominantly southerly affinities. It was positively correlated with sea surface temperature and sea level height, a proxy for diminished flow of theCaliforniaCurrent. The taxa dominatingPCs 2 and 3 mostly spatially co‐occur as ichthyoplankton. These results suggest that fish assemblages in theCaliforniaCurrent are predominantly influenced by environmental forcing of their ocean habitats as adults or larvae, or both.
Plant growth, water relations and proline content of three vetch species under water‐limited conditions
Authors: Haffani S. , Mezni M. , Slama I. , Ksontini M. , Chaïbi W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVetch species (Vicia narbonensis, V. sativa and V. villosa) are widely used for fodder production in Tunisia. This study aims to investigate vetch strategies involved in drought resistance through morphological and physiological criteria. Plants were sown in pots and subjected to four soil‐water levels: 100% (control), 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity (FC). After 133 d of water treatment, and under well‐watered conditions, V. narbonensis showed the largest plant height and shoot and root dry matter and the highest leaf relative water content and water potential (Ψw), whereas V. sativa had the greatest leaf area (LA). At the 40% FC treatment, V. narbonensis showed smaller decreases in plant height and LA, and the greatest reduction in Ψw (140%). Thus, it shows better adaptation and a more equilibrated water balance, despite having accumulated less proline than the two other species. Vicia sativa and V. villosa showed a similar behaviour under water stress with a superiority of the latter. Vicia sativa was the species most affected in terms of its growth and water‐status parameters. Vetch species mainly used avoidance mechanisms to withstand drought, with V. narbonensis showing the highest tolerance.
Silage quality and preservation of Urtica cannabina ensiled alone and with additive treatment
Authors: Zhang X. Q. , Jin Y. M. , Zhang Y. J. , Yu Z. , Yan W. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUrtica cannabina (U. cannabina), a member of the Urticaceae family, is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world and can be used as a nutritious feed for animals through the winter period. To provide high‐quality forage all year‐round, we treated freshly harvested U. cannabina without additives (control), but with corn flour (CF) (5:1 w/w), molasses (2, 4, and 8% fresh weight), or LalsiL Dry (LD) inoculant (5, 10 and 20 mg kg−1 of fresh weight). We then assessed the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and fermentative parameters of the products after 0, 3, 5, 15, 20 and 60 d of ensiling. The results showed that: (i) U. cannabina had large quantities of protein and some essential minerals, including calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, copper and manganese, and was particularly rich in magnesium and iron. (ii) U. cannabina can be preserved as a highly nutritious silage. No additive treatment or the LD inoculant treatments produced badly preserved silages. The 2% molasses treatment produced badly preserved silage, but 4–8% molasses produced well‐preserved silages. The CF treatment also produced well‐preserved silage. We recommend the application rates of molasses at 4–8% of fresh weight or 5:1 CF to improve U. cannabina silage.
The Effect of Particle Size on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Freeze‐Casted Macroporous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
Authors: Zamanian Ali , Farhangdoust Sajad , Yasaei Mana , Khorami Mina , Hafezi Masoud 
Published: February 2013

Two different hydroxyapatites with the particle sizes of 3.9 and 1.69 μm were chosen. Slurries with initial hydroxyapatite concentration of 15 vol% were prepared. Different cooling rates from 2 to 14°C/min were utilized. The specimens were sintered at different temperatures of 1250–1350°C. The phase composition (by X‐Ray Diffraction), microstructure (by Scanning Electron Microscopy), mechanical characteristics, and the porosity of sintered samples were assessed. The porosity of the sintered samples was in range of ~57–83%, and the compressive strength varied from ~1.7 to 15 MPa. The mechanical strength of the scaffolds increased as a function of cooling rate and sintering temperature.
Production of Al2O3‐Stabilized Tetragonal ZrO2 Nanoparticles for Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Karthik Arumugam , Manivasakan Palanisamy , Arunmetha Sundaramoorthy , Yuvakkumar Rathinam , Rajendran Venkatachalam 
Published: February 2013

Al2O3‐stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 nanoparticles were obtained through hot‐air spray pyrolysis and characterized after postsynthesized treatments. The produced nanoparticles were 26 nm in size with surface area of 59 m2/g. A multilayer thermal barrier coating of nanostructured Al2O3‐ZrO2‐embedded silicate was applied to the mild steel (EN3) specimen using spin‐coating technique and characterized comprehensively employing X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The Al2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 with silicate matrix facilitates the formation of zirconium silicate nanostructured surface‐protective coating on EN3 specimen. The Al2O3‐ZrO2/SiO2 matrix‐based hybrid inorganic coating shows effective thermal barrier for EN3 after firing at a high temperature of 600°C.
Production and stability of water‐dispersible astaxanthin oleoresin from Phaffia rhodozyma
Authors: Villalobos‐Castillejos Fidel , Cerezal‐Mezquita Pedro , Hernández‐De Jesús Maria Lourdes , Barragán‐Huerta Blanca Estela 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe process of extracting the astaxanthin oleoresin from pretreated Phaffia rhodozyma cells was optimised using a Box‐Behnken response surface design. Microwaving the cells at 105 W for 1 min followed by ethyl acetate extraction was the best pretreatment, and the optimal extraction conditions were 65 °C for 24 min using a solvent–solid ratio of 19:1. The order of the ability to disperse the astaxanthin oleoresin was propylene glycol> Tween 80 > Tween 20 > α‐cyclodextrin, β‐cyclodextrin. It was determined that the degradation of the colour of the water‐dispersible oleoresin followed a first‐order kinetics model. The greatest stability was observed at pH 4 and at the lowest temperature evaluated (40 °C). The thermal degradation of the pigment occurs in two steps, the first one from 0 to 1.5 h, with an EaI = 10.31 kJ mol−1, and the second one from 1.5 to 5 h, with an EaII = 30.06 kJ mol−1
Differentiation of post harvest date fruit varieties non‐destructively using FT‐NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Tavakolian, Mohammad S. S. , Silaghi, Florina A. , Fabbri, Angelo , Molari Giovanni , Giunchi Alessandro , Guarnieri Adriano 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe world production of dates has more than doubled over the last two decades. Presently, the industrial sorting of dates is a difficult operation, affected by a high level of losses. As a consequence, the objective of this article is to study the variety discrimination capabilities of Fourier Transform‐Near Infrared (FT‐NIR) reflectance spectroscopy for post‐harvest sorting purposes. The same methodology was tested on six commercial date varieties named Estamaran, Kabkab, Mazafati, Piarom, Deglet nour and Zahedi. For each cultivar, 100 fruits were analysed using the FT‐NIR spectrometer, subsequently characterised by destructive measurements. A multivariate analysis of the FT‐NIR spectra appears a feasible tool for cultivar discrimination and even to estimate the soluble solid content (SSC) and dry matter (DM) of dates at their optimal harvesting conditions. FT‐NIR, as a non‐destructive techniques, could be a suitable way for on‐line screening of different dates varieties.
Chemical composition and nutritional value of raw and fried allis shad (Alosa alosa)
Authors: Pereira Teresa G. , Batista Irineu , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Ferreira Júlia , Fradinho Nuno , Afonso Fernando 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe main objective of this study was to compare the proximate chemical composition and fatty acid profile of migrating allis shad (MS) and resident allis shad (RS) and to evaluate the nutritional value of fried migrating allis shad. No significant differences in the proximate chemical composition between males and females of each stock were obtained. However, MS fish had a significantly higher fat content than RS fish. The monounsaturated fatty acids group was the dominant in MS fish and oleic acid presented the highest percentage. Docosahexaenoic acid followed by eicosapentaenoic acid were the main PUFA in fish from both stocks. However, RS fish had higher total ω6 than MS fish due to its higher percentage of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Frying resulted in a significant reduction in water content and affected significantly the proximate chemical composition and the fatty acid profile, particularly the palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid.
Freshness and quality attributes of cold stored Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) gravad
Authors: Rzepka Magdalena , Özogul Fatih , Surówka Krzysztof , Michalczyk Magdalena 
Published: February 2013

SummaryQuality and safety parameters of Atlantic bonito gravad during 42 days of storage at 7 ± 1 °C were analysed using monitoring sensory quality, microbial contamination, nucleotide degradation products, biogenic amines (BA), trimethylamine (TMA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The shelf‐life of vacuum packed Atlantic bonito gravad was found to be 28 days. Total viable count (TVC) did not exceed 6 log CFU g−1. Malonodialdehyde (MDA) content did not surpass 10 mg kg−1. Nine biogenic amines were detected. Histamine level at the end of the storage was 355.3 mg kg−1. TMA increased from 53.9 to 619.1 mg kg−1. Among indicators based on the products of nucleotide degradation, the H value is best correlated with the sensory assessment. It can be concluded that the storage temperature of bonito gravad must be below 7 °C to prevent the threat to safety and quality posed by biogenic amines, especially histamine.
Competencies of specialised wound care nurses: a European Delphi study
Authors: Eskes Anne M , Maaskant Jolanda M , Holloway Samantha , van Dijk Nynke , Alves Paulo , Legemate Dink A , Ubbink Dirk T , Vermeulen Hester 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHealth care professionals responsible for patients with complex wounds need a particular level of expertise and education to ensure optimum wound care. However, uniform education for those working as wound care nurses is lacking. We aimed to reach consensus among experts from six European countries as to the competencies for specialised wound care nurses that meet international professional expectations and educational systems. Wound care experts including doctors, wound care nurses, lecturers, managers and head nurses were invited to contribute to an e‐Delphi study. They completed online questionnaires based on the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists framework. Suggested competencies were rated on a 9‐point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as an agreement of at least 75% for each competence. Response rates ranged from 62% (round 1) to 86% (rounds 2 and 3). The experts reached consensus on 77 (80%) competences. Most competencies chosen belonged to the domain ‘scholar’ (n = 19), whereas few addressed those associated with being a ‘health advocate’ (n = 7). Competencies related to professional knowledge and expertise, ethical integrity and patient commitment were considered most important. This consensus on core competencies for specialised wound care nurses may help achieve a more uniform definition and education for specialised wound care nurses.
Three new Australian species of Trioza Foerster (Hemiptera: Triozidae) with a remarkable adaptation to oviposition on articulate branchlets of Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae)
Authors: Taylor Gary S , Jennings John T , Purcell Matthew F , Austin Andrew D 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThree new species of jumping plant bugs (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are described from Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae) from southern and eastern Australia. These are Trioza kentae Taylor sp. nov., T. percyae Taylor sp. nov. and T. tricornuta Taylor sp. nov. The female proctiger of two species, T. kentae Taylor sp. nov. and T. tricornuta Taylor sp. nov., has a three‐pronged apex, thought to be a remarkable morphological adaptation to assist with oviposition into the furrows of the branchlets or ‘articles’ of their host plant. It is postulated that the highly modified processes are used to ‘anchor’ the female proctiger during oviposition, where the medial prong positions the female ovipositor within a ‘furrow’ and the lateral processes straddle the ‘phyllichnia’ of the host plant ‘article’. In this way, eggs may be deposited within the furrow, thereby protected from desiccation and predation. In T. percyae Taylor sp. nov., the apex of the female proctiger is without any such structure. These are the first species of Trioza to be described from the Casuarinaceae.
A GIS‐based Vehicle Mobility Estimator for Operational Contexts
Authors: Hohmann Audrey , Grandjean Gilles , Mardhel Vincent , Schaefer Gilles , Desramaut Nicolas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA vehicle mobility estimator has been developed to produce decision aid maps for projecting civil or military forces on operational theatres. Based on the exploitation of classical geographical sources (e.g. digital elevation models, optical images, and vector databases) and thematic sources (e.g. climate, meteorological, pedological and land cover databases), the system computes speed maps for different kinds of vehicles moving both on‐road and off‐road. Such computations are realized through a ground‐vehicle interaction module that estimates the vehicle performance from experimental results, numerical simulations and empirical relationships. The system's architecture is built using a GIS interface that manages the data, the computation and the presentation layers. An operational version of this tool has been tested and validated on several operational theatres in France and in northern Africa. The results show good agreement between the predicted mobility performance of various vehicles and those observed on the field. A case study is presented to illustrate the mobility maps and demonstrate their relevance in the decision‐making chain depending on different climate contexts. A short application to itinerary optimization is presented as a promising future application.
Innovations in Practice: group work with children who are in care or who are adopted: lessons learnt
Authors: Ingley‐Cook Germaine , Dobel‐Ober David 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on effective group interventions for looked‐after and adopted children. A specialist Children and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) developed and evaluated a group intervention based on Mentalisation‐based therapy (MBT).MethodData was collected through semi‐structured interviews with all young people before and after the programme. Additional information was collected from the facilitators' reflective diaries. The study aimed to evaluate the impact and applicability of a Mentalisation‐based group programme on looked‐after and adopted children.ResultsFeedback from the young people indicated that the intervention had a positive impact on the young people.ConclusionsHaving a chance to meet other young people in similar circumstances, sharing experiences and making connections were the greatest benefits gained from the group.
Real‐Time Individual Predictions of Prostate Cancer Recurrence Using Joint Models
Authors: Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Park Yongseok , Ankerst Donna P. , Proust‐Lima Cecile , Williams Scott , Kestin Larry , Bae Kyoungwha , Pickles Tom , Sandler Howard 
Published: February 2013

SummaryPatients who were previously treated for prostate cancer with radiation therapy are monitored at regular intervals using a laboratory test called Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). If the value of the PSA test starts to rise, this is an indication that the prostate cancer is more likely to recur, and the patient may wish to initiate new treatments. Such patients could be helped in making medical decisions by an accurate estimate of the probability of recurrence of the cancer in the next few years. In this article, we describe the methodology for giving the probability of recurrence for a new patient, as implemented on a web‐based calculator. The methods use a joint longitudinal survival model. The model is developed on a training dataset of 2386 patients and tested on a dataset of 846 patients. Bayesian estimation methods are used with one Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm developed for estimation of the parameters from the training dataset and a second quick MCMC developed for prediction of the risk of recurrence that uses the longitudinal PSA measures from a new patient.