bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexualized Collaborations and the Politics of Ghostwriting in Franco-Arab Literature: From Paul Bowles to Tout le monde aime Mohamed
Authors: Mack Mehammed 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In the last few decades, the landscape of Franco-Arab fiction has seen a great many authorship scandals, in which French non-Arab authors have impersonated Arabs and found publishing success. In this essay, I revisit these scandals while focusing on a recent “autobiographical” novel that raised suspicions of ghostwriting: 2011’s Tout le monde aime Mohamed (Everyone Loves Mohamed ) by Malik Kuzman. An impressionistic collage of homo-erotic encounters, its fleeting structure recalls that of Barthes’ Incidents, a series of social vignettes culled from the author’s time in Morocco. I explore the simultaneity of Barthes’ Death of the Author argument and the emergence of these authorship scandals in post-colonial Franco-Arab fiction, and suggest that it is not accidental. In a similar vein, I analyze how the heritage of literary collaborations between Europeans and North Africans, often eroticized, has informed authorship scandals in post-immigration France.
Unnatural Narratives and Transgressing the Normative Discourses of Iraqi History: Translating Murtaḍā Gzār’s Al-Sayyid Aṣghar Akbar
Authors: Hanoosh Yasmeen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article consists of two parts: an annotated translation of “The Theory”—an excerpt from the novel Al-Sayyid Aṣghar Akbar (2012) by Iraqi author Murtaḍā Gzār—preceded by a critical essay that articulates the socio-historical context of the novel and analyzes it in light of recent research in unnatural narratology. The essay highlights the ways in which the novel departs from the mimetic norms of realism that characterize the dominant narratological models in modern Iraqi and Arabic fiction. It argues that through metalepsis, or transgression of intradiegetic time, coupled with the conceptual restructuring of iconic Iraqi places and discourses, the novel defies our standard knowledge of the procession of historical events in late nineteenth- and twentieth-century Iraq. The novel in turn negotiates an entry into liminal discourses that lie on the peripheries of the national narrative of the Baʿth as well as the religious counter-narrative of the Shīʿī opposition as it is traditionally conceived. The novel exposes the discrepancy between two authoritative, normative processes of historicizing, namely, the ‘Rewriting of Iraqi History Project’ and the Najafi ijtihād and taqlīd traditions. By so doing, the novel at once mirrors the immense complexity of Iraq’s modern historiography and accomplishes a skeptical deconstruction of its cultural formations, resulting in a new postcolonial reading of state hegemony, Shīʿism, Najaf, and Iraqi identity.
Religion and Politics: On the Motif of Blindness in ʿAbd al-Mālik Nūrī’s “Rīḥ al-janūb” and Ghāʾib Tuʿmah Farmān’s “ ʿAmmī ʿabburnī”
Authors: Peled-Shapira Hilla 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article aims at presenting a unique use of the motif of blindness in two Iraqi short stories from the 1950s: “Rīḥ al-janūb” (South Wind) by ʿAbd al-Mālik Nūrī and “ʿAmmī ʿabburnī” (Please Sir, Help Me Cross the Street) by Ghāʾib Tuʿmah Farmān. Nūrī and Farmān belonged to the literary milieu in Baghdad of the mid-twentieth century and this article argues that through the motif of blindness they criticized their environment, the Iraqi regime and the clerics of their times. The article presents an outline of the political and social background of that period and offers an explanation for the specific choice of the motif of blindness by these writers and the object of their criticism: while Nūrī was a government official, Farmān was a persecuted Communist intellectual. Thus, Farmān criticized the regime through depictions of the city and of the plight of the simple man, especially the needy blind who depend on other people’s help, while Nūrī, who did not want a confrontation with officialdom, focused his criticism on the clerics in particular, who exploit the poor by taking their money in order to supposedly cure them.
Take the Gift of My Child and Return Something to Me: On Children, Chagga Trust, and a New American Evangelical Orphanage on Mount Kilimanjaro
Authors: Stambach Amy , Kwayu Aikande C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis essay examines local and international Christian efforts on Mount Kilimanjaro to educate children. A prevailing idea among people who live on the mountain is that children engender trust and trade. This idea is illuminated through the adage ‘Take the gift of my child and return something to me’ and is embedded in the concept of Chagga trust. The latter is both an ethical mode and a social entity. Local ideas of children and trust partly overlap with but also differ from American evangelical missionaries’ views of children as needing to be safeguarded. Analysis of differences reveals that while religious missions have long played a role in providing education, the dynamics of privatization have changed the manner in which local leaders and international missionaries interact. Previous interactions were regular and routine; today’s are fewer, more contractual, and more formalized. The analysis presented here broadens and qualifies existing research that simply states that evangelicalism and the privatization of education helps the poor.
Géographie Arabe et Géographie Latine au XIIe Siècle
Authors: Dalché Patrick Gautier 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The influence of Arab geography upon the Latin tradition in the Middle Ages is difficult to assess due to several factors including the former’s definition, content, and origin, as well as the tangled historiography on the question of its influence. The purpose of this paper is not to provide a comprehensive study of this complex issue but rather to define the terms of the problem and to examine some concrete cases of contact between both geographical cultures during the twelfth century. The author first considers the impact of the introduction of Greek conceptions, transmitted through the Arabic Ṣūrat al-arḍ (The Picture of the Earth), upon medieval Latin cosmography. Special attention is devoted here to the influence of Greco-Arabic knowledge on contemporary Western Latin ideas about the habitability of the remotest parts of the earth. The author then deals with the relationship between both cultures in the field of descriptive geography and cartography. Unexpectedly, these different traditions can be shown to be largely isolated from one another, and the alleged Arab origin of some documents is, in most cases, dubious. The cause of the obvious lack of interest among Western Christians in Arab descriptive geography could lie in the general conditions of the Latin schools of the time, and perhaps also in the fact that Arabic writings and maps emphasize the domination of Islam over lands formerly under Christian rule.
Textbooks, Assumptions, and Us: Commentary on Jimmy Emanuelsson’s “Islam and the Sui-generis Discourse: Representations of Islam in Textbooks Used in Introductory Courses of Religious Studies in Sweden”
Authors: Ramey Steven 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Commenting on Jimmy Emanuelsson’s analysis of three Islam textbooks used in Sweden, this essay expands his critique of these textbooks to address the systemic issues in the assumptions about “religion” and world religions discourse. As Emanuelsson’s analysis focuses on the textbooks themselves, this essay considers the efforts that professors can take to contest the textbooks within a course.
The Action of Legal Persons in the European System of Human Rights Protection – Collective or Individual Interest?
Authors: Beulay Marjorie 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Human Rights are accustomed to being linked to individual interests, i.e. to defend the rights of individuals. But the development of their international protection has led to emphasizing new realities. With the globalization of law, the globalization of the subjects of international law has also appeared. If States gradually act collectively thanks to international organizations, individuals seem to follow the same path in forming collective entities named legal persons, which are entitled to rights. The main problem of this situation is defending these rights in front of international courts and, in particular, in front of the European Court of Human Rights. Representing a community leads to defending a collective interest, however, it is not easy to distinguish between the rights of the legal person itself and the rights of the collectivity the legal person is representing. Despite the fiction of the legal person, these entities seem to be collective claimants and consequently to defend a collective interest. Can we conclude that the actions of legal persons before European bodies of Human Rights protection are actions with a collective aim? Indeed this situation implies needing to define which entity retains cited rights and which interest is being defended, that of the individual or that of a collectivity of individuals? This article looks for some answers in the case law of the European Court, which can be considered unequivocal in the light of the case law of other jurisdictions.
New Interest for the Christian Context in Qur’anic Studies
Authors: Steenbrink Karel A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Qurʾānic studies have moved between interest for Jewish background, emphasis the Arab social and economic situation and a theory which considers the Christian origin of the early Muslim movement. This review article discusses two authors, Angelika Neuwirth and Gabriel Said Reynolds, who give strong arguments for the latter perspective. The Christian context of the Qurʾān, however, does not involve an easy accommodation of early Islam to modern mainstream Christianity. Instead, it shows a distinct position for the Islamic movement as grown in debates with a plural and diverse Christianity.
The Bāleśvara Temple Complex of Śivagupta: Epigraphical Evidence for the Śaiva Siddhānta and Soma Siddhānta Traditions in Dakṣiṇa Kosala
Authors: Bosma Natasja 
Published: February 2014

Epigraphical evidence, supported by archaeological remains, have shown that the ancient Dakṣiṇa Kosala was a rich centre of early Śaivism. At the end of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh century ce, the region was under the control of king Śivagupta ‘Bālārjuna’ of the Pāṇḍavas of Śrīpura (modern Sirpur). From his records it becomes clear that this king was a great patron of religion, and of Śaivism in particular. Among the inscriptions pertaining to Śaivism, eleven report on and relate to the construction of a Śiva temple established by the king himself (svakārita) and the transformation of this temple into a great centre of early Śaivism (to be precise, the Śaiva Siddhānta and Soma Siddhānta traditions). This article presents Śivagupta and the Śaiva officiants of the ‘Bāleśvara-bhaṭṭāraka’ Temple Complex as an example of the successful establishment of early forms of Śaivism, due to the close links between the king and his ‘rājaguruḥ’.
The Arab Charter on Human Rights: Main Features
Authors: Allam Wael 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The issue of human rights has rarely influenced policies of the League of Arab States, which has failed to criticize its members for violating human rights. Therefore, the adoption of the Arab Charter on Human Rights in 2004 is considered a significant event in the field of human rights in the Arab region. The aim of this article is to explore the main features of the Arab Charter on Human Rights in order to understand the potential role which it can play at both an international and regional level in the field of human rights.
“God gave this land to us”: A Biblical Perspective on the Tension in South Sudan between Tribal Lands, Ethnic Identity and the Breadth of Christian Salvation
Authors: Godwin Colin Robert , Chol Saphano Riak 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLike many parts of Africa, South Sudan has experienced ethnic animosities which have led to violent clashes, destruction of property, and loss of life. Many of these conflicts are over land and resources and are rooted in a spiritual attachment to traditional tribal lands which are seen as gifts of God to both steward and protect.In dialogue with an African theology of place, this paper seeks to propose biblical foundations for ethnic coexistence, as seen in Acts 17:22–31, and to examine how Paul’s Athenian sermon balances the ethnic particularities of land and tribe with the universal call to Christian salvation. Drawing on twenty interviews with South Sudanese nationals, this paper uses an integrated research method, accessing theological, biblical, and sociological perspectives to ask whether Acts 17 might suggest an approach to issues of land and tribalism in South Sudan.
The Treatment of Eczema in Traditional Chinese Medicine: An Attempt at Westernisation
Authors: Butler Anthony , Eltenton Georgina 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough Western medicine makes extensive use of herbal extracts in its prescribing, from cancer treatments to antimalarial prophylaxis, there is a reluctance to approach one of the oldest and most established sources of medicinal herbs, namely traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This is due, in part, to the perceived link between the doctrines of TCM and the herbs, making the latter unacceptable in Western prescribing practice with its insistence on an evidence-based rationale. Reviewing recent studies of the doctrines of TCM and Western studies of the action of Chinese herbs, we conclude that the two are not intrinsically linked. Some Chinese herbs have an action that can be explained in clear biochemical terms. Also, the mixtures of herbs, so characteristic of Chinese herbal medicine, may parallel the modern practice of combination therapy. These ideas are considered in the light of a recent effort to transform a Chinese herbal remedy for eczema into a treatment within Western prescribing practice. Problems were encountered because of the EU regulations with regard to herbal remedies but the results were promising and further research into the efficacy of Chinese herbal remedies is fully justified.
Looking for Levites in the Book of Judges
Authors: Matthews Victor H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The social location of the village culture as portrayed in the Judges period provides no legitimate place or cultic role for Levites. Their occasional appearances, (aside from the artificial injection of Phinehas into the civil war narrative in Judg 20:27-28), simply reinforce that fact that they do not and cannot perform the tasks that are traditionally assigned to Levites in the monarchy period. Instead, they, like most other characters in Judges, are portrayed as flawed individuals, who have little stake in teaching about or ministering before Yahweh. It is more in character that they are willing to serve idols and to sacrifice others rather than speak the truth. This narrative is intentionally presented as a world-turned-upside-down and it would upset the balance of chaos for Levites to suddenly appear to rectify the situation.
Italian Memory and Italian Memory Wars at Auschwitz
Authors: Gordon Robert S. C. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Italian national memorial on the site of Auschwitz I was opened to the public in April 1980 and closed down in July 2011. The article examines the conception and genesis of the memorial in the 1970s, looking at the tensions and also the artistic richness of the project. It then examines in this light the public controversy that erupted around its proposed renovation, starting in 2008. It suggests a number of ways in which this unresolved debate throws light on key questions about Italy’s historical and contemporary memorialization of the Shoah.
Block 21 and the Pensabilità of the Representation of Auschwitz
Authors: Cavalleri Matteo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Building on the assumption that the Memorial in Honor of Italians Fallen in Nazi Extermination Camps (situated in Auschwitz I, Block 21) expresses the meta-reflexive inclination that strengthened the twentieth century (the capacity of that century to think of itself as a subject), this article aims to highlight and illustrate the dual philosophical significance of the Memorial. From the perspective of the philosophy of history, this philosophical significance, which has a symbolic value, leads us to investigate an organic and historically embodied conception of deportation. From the perspective of the aesthetics of memory, this philosophical meaning offers a new framework for the question of the representability of Auschwitz, a framework that problematizes the very essence of the concept of representation and identifies the conditions that make possible this concept in its inescapable openness towards an ideal dimension. Central to this article is the category of pensabilità viewed as the symbolic grounds for both the act of testifying and its artistic expression.
The Ethics of Humanistic Scholarship: On Knowledge and Acknowledgement
Authors: Nevo Isaac (Yanni) 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
My aim in this paper is to characterize the professional good served by the humanities as various academic disciplines, particularly in relation to the general academic good, namely, the pursuit of knowledge in theoretical and scholarly research, and to evaluate the public and ethical dimension of that professional good and the constraints it imposes upon practitioners. My argument will be that the humanities aim at both knowledge of objective facts and acknowledgement of the human status of their subject matter, and that there are facts (and truths) about human life and society that are inaccessible except through such humanistic acknowledgement. As such, the humanities require the adoption of evaluative, other-oriented points of view, and they serve the public by advancing a reflective view of the very conditions of the public’s own constitution. In short, the humanities incorporate the view that practical and evaluative wisdom is not only essential for the full pursuit of truth, but that it is also an essential public good in any well-ordered society, especially in contemporary democracies. The discussion proceeds by examining various examples of both the professional and the public good in question, and focuses particularly on cases of excessive acknowledgement in the form of uncritical apologetics and excessive objectification in various forms of reductionism.
History as the Science of the Individual
Authors: Ankersmit Frank 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
It has often been argued – especially by historicists – that history deals with the individual where science focuses on the universal. But few philosophers would nowadays express their agreement with the historicist’s demarcation between history and the sciences. A standard criticism is that knowledge of the individual can only be expressed by an appeal to universals. This essay is an effort to rehabilitate the historicist argument by means of a closer and more accurate analysis of the notion of the individual than is given in the traditional historicist account of the nature of historical writing. Leibniz’s conception of the substance or the monad proves to be quite helpful here.
Breaking the Wall of Monocentric Governance: Polycentricity in the Governance of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic
Authors: Prior Tahnee Lisa 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We often mistakenly assume that institutional design will remain effective indefinitely. Complex long-term environmental challenges illuminate the disparity between institutions and state boundaries. While globalization has challenged monocentrism, we must look beyond traditional measures and design resilient governance systems, such as polycentric governance, that combine trust and local expertise in small-scale governance with the governance capacity of large-scale systems. These harness globalization’s benefits and provide solutions for the effects of ecosystem changes.
This work examines the lessons – benefits, challenges, limitations, and unanswered questions – that may be learned from polycentric governance in the case of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic, where a polycentric political system has developed as a result of a mismatch in environmental, jurisdictional, and temporal scales. Section One examines characteristics of polycentricity, focusing on actors, multilevel governance, degree of formality, and the nature of interactions. Section Two concentrates on the tools utilized. Section Three applies the outlined framework. Finally, Section Four examines three lessons that global environmental governance may learn from the case study: (1) Peak organizations are effective tools for managing polycentricity, allowing for the inclusion of non-state actors, such as indigenous peoples organizations (2) and epistemic communities (3), in bridging the human-environment nexus.
The Image of Europe and the Role of its Muslims, as Portrayed in the Contemporary Islamic Debate on Muslim Minorities
Authors: De Angelo Carlo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article examines one of several ways in which the Muslim presence in Europe is discussed or justified in Islamic terms. It mainly analyses the position of those scholars, some of them close to the Muslim Brotherhood (like Al-Qaradawi and Mawlawi), who have claimed that not only can Muslims live in Western Europe, but that they should live there. In fact, according to them Europe is a context in need of Muslims and that Muslims need it too: Europe needs the moral example Muslims can set there and Muslims need Europe in order to spread Islam. In this light, the presence of Muslims in Europe is both legitimate and necessary, and their absence unthinkable. This article is the result of an examination of particular essays and edicts which Sunni Arab Muslim scholars have contributed to the debate surrounding Muslim minorities in Europe, published between the years 1960-2000.
Iconographical Representations of Musical Instruments in Apulian Vase-Painting as Ethnical Signs: Intercultural Greek-Indigenous Relations in Magna Graecia (5th and 4th Centuries B.C.)
Authors: Cerqueira Fábio Vergara 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the representation of musical instruments on Apulian pottery. I shall sketch a general account of the red-figured pottery produced in Apulia and its development between the late fifth and the early third centuries, discussing the iconographical trends in its different phases. Secondly, I shall offer a brief survey of the musical instruments: the instruments belonging to Greek tradition (lyra, kithara, aulos) as well as those belonging to local tradition (rectangular cithara, rectangular sistrum), and those that result from local developments of instruments received from the Greek continental tradition (tympanon, pektis). Morphological and contextual analysis of the representation of such instruments will allow us to sustain our inferences about the intercultural processes of hybridization between local, Greek and oriental organological traditions, pointing to a scenario of multiple and negotiated identities in the colonial world of Magna Graecia.