bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties enhancement in multiwalled carbon nanotube-magnetite hybrid-filled polypropylene natural rubber nanocomposites through functionalization and processing methods
Authors: Kong Ing , Ahmad Sahrim Haji , Shanks Robert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-magnetite (Fe3O4) hybrid content on the thermal, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) nanocomposites was evaluated. TPNR/filler nanocomposites were prepared using a melt-blending method with a ball-milling technique as a premixed process. The acid treatment successfully shortened the lengths and disentangled the crowds of MWCNTs, which led to a better dispersion of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix, as revealed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The improved dispersion of acid-treated MWCNTs-Fe3O4 in the TPNR matrix and the enhanced interfacial adhesion between acid-treated MWCNTs-Fe3O4 and the TPNR matrix increased the thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties. Acid-treated MWCNTs acted as radical scavengers, which helped delay the onset of thermal degradation and hence improved the thermal stability. As expected, MWCNTs played a role as the nucleating agent in the TPNR matrix; however, the effect was more pronounced for the TPNR matrix containing pristine MWCNTs.
More powerful cointegration tests with non-normal errors
Authors: Lee Hyejin , Lee Junsoo , Im Kyungso 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we suggest new cointegration tests that can become more powerful in the presence of non-normal errors. Non-normal errors will not pose a problem in usual cointegration tests even when they are ignored. However, we show that they can become useful sources to improve the power of the tests when we use the “residual augmented least squares” (RALS) procedure to make use of nonlinear moment conditions driven by non-normal errors. The suggested testing procedure is easy to implement and it does not require any non-linear estimation techniques. We can exploit the information on the non-normal error distribution that is already available but ignored in the usual cointegration tests. Our simulation results show significant power gains over existing cointegration tests in the presence of non-normal errors.
Multiple QTL for Horticultural Traits and Quantitative Resistance toPhytophthora infestansLinked onSolanum habrochaitesChromosome 11
Authors: Haggard J Erron , Johnson Emily B , St. Clair Dina A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPreviously, a Phytophthora infestans resistance QTL from Solanum habrochaites chromosome 11 was introgressed into cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum). Fine mapping of this resistance QTL using near-isogenic lines (NILs) revealed some co-located QTL with undesirable effects on plant size, canopy density, and fruit size traits. Subsequently, higher-resolution mapping with sub-NILs detected multiple P. infestans resistance QTL within this 9.4-cM region of chromosome 11. In our present study, these same sub-NILs were also evaluated for 17 horticultural traits, including yield, maturity, fruit size and shape, fruit quality, and plant architecture traits in replicated field experiments over 2 years. The horticultural trait QTL originally detected by fine mapping each fractionated into two or more QTL at higher resolution. A total of 34 QTL were detected across all traits, with 14% exhibiting significant QTL × environment interactions (QTL × E). QTL for many traits were co-located, suggesting either pleiotropic effects or tight linkage among genes controlling these traits. Recombination in the pericentromeric region of the introgression between markers TG147 and At4g10050 was suppressed to approximately 29.7 Mbp per cM, relative to the genomewide average of 750 kbp per cM. The genetic architecture of many of the horticultural and P. infestans resistance traits that mapped within this chromosome 11 S. habrochaites region is complex. Complicating factors included fractionation of QTL, pleiotropy or tight linkage of QTL for multiple traits, pericentromeric chromosomal location(s), and/or QTL × E. High-resolution mapping of QTL in this region would be needed to determine which specific target QTL could be useful in breeding cultivated tomato.
High-Resolution Linkage Map and Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly for Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from 10 Populations
Authors:   International Cassava Genetic Map Consortium (ICGMC)
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple crop in Africa, Asia, and South America, and its starchy roots provide nourishment for 800 million people worldwide. Although native to South America, cassava was brought to Africa 400–500 years ago and is now widely cultivated across sub-Saharan Africa, but it is subject to biotic and abiotic stresses. To assist in the rapid identification of markers for pathogen resistance and crop traits, and to accelerate breeding programs, we generated a framework map for M. esculenta Crantz from reduced representation sequencing [genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)]. The composite 2412-cM map integrates 10 biparental maps (comprising 3480 meioses) and organizes 22,403 genetic markers on 18 chromosomes, in agreement with the observed karyotype. We used the map to anchor 71.9% of the draft genome assembly and 90.7% of the predicted protein-coding genes. The chromosome-anchored genome sequence will be useful for breeding improvement by assisting in the rapid identification of markers linked to important traits, and in providing a framework for genomic selection-enhanced breeding of this important crop.
Die Schutzgesetzeigenschaft des § 261 StGB
Authors: Sebastian Sascha 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Verhinderung der Nutzung des Finanzsystems zum Zwecke der Geldwäsche hat ein Netzwerk aus Normen verschiedener Rechtsgebiete hervorgebracht, in dessen Zentrum das von § 261 StGB umschriebene und als „Geldwäsche; Verschleierung unrechtmäßig erlangter Vermögenswerte“ bezeichnete Verhalten steht. Jene Verhaltensumschreibung wird von völkerrechtlichen Abkommen und europäischen Richtlinien determiniert und bildet heute den Anknüpfungspunkt für Maßnahmen der Bankaufsicht (GWG), der Gewinnabschöpfung (§§ 73 ff. StGB) sowie für prozessuale Grundrechtseingriffe. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, ob § 261 StGB auch ein „den Schutz eines anderen bezweckendes Gesetz“ i. S. d. § 823 Abs. 2 BGB ist und somit zur Begründung eines deliktischen Schadensersatzanspruchs des Vortatgeschädigten gegen den „Geldwäscher“ herangezogen werden kann.
Phases, Morphologies, Segregations – Solidification Microstructures and their Characterization
Authors: Rettenmayr M. , Löffler A. , Engelhardt H. , Liu D.M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Solidification microstructures exhibit a variety of partially very complex morphologies. It is possible to directly correlate the properties of an alloy with its solidification microstructures taking into account length scales and volume fractions of different phases. As the effect of the kinetics during the microstructure formation must be taken into consideration, the phase diagram presents only incomplete information on the solidification structures. Non-equilibrium phases which drastically change the alloy's properties occur in numerous microstructures which, according to the phase diagram, should be single-phase. Owing to the non-equilibrium phases, resulting from the segregation formation, the liquid fraction at a given temperature is generally larger as predicted by the phase diagram and the lever rule. Segregations are best characterized based on phase fractions. Using image analysis technologies, they can usually be measured with good accuracy, just as model calculations which predict statistically validated microstructural parameters nowadays also achieve a very good accuracy. The above will be demonstrated in several examples.
Regards croisés sur les projets de règles relatifs à la théorie de l’imprévision en Europe
Authors: Almeida Prado Maurício 
Published: December 2014

Cette étude effectue la comparaison de certains projets visant à une ample réforme du droit des contrats en Europe, sur le sujet spécifique de la théorie de l’imprévision.
L’importance d’étudier ces règles dans le contexte d’un changement majeur du droit des contrats repose sur le fait qu’elles jouent un rôle fondamental dans le système juridique en établissant le point d’équilibre entre sécurité juridique et équité. Au niveau national, cette étude analyse les projets de réforme du droit des obligations en France et en Espagne, qui ont été avancés par les gouvernements respectifs. Au niveau international, cette étude se concentre sur deux propositions pour le Cadre Commun de Référence Européen : the Draft Common Frame of Reference (proposé par le Study Group on European Civil Code et par le Research Group on EC Private Law), et le Projet de Cadre Commun de Référence. Principes Contractuels Communs (proposé par l’Association Henri Capitant et par la Société de Législation Comparée).
The SAPHO Syndrome: A Single-center Study of 41 Adult Patients
Authors: Aljuhani Faisal , Tournadre Anne , Tatar Zuzana , Couderc Marion , Mathieu Sylvain , Malochet-Guinamand Sandrine , Soubrier Martin , Dubost Jean-Jacques 
Published: December 2014

Objective.The SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) is a rare disease and only a few series have been published about it. We describe the experience of a rheumatology department with a focus on the therapeutic aspects.Methods.All cases of SAPHO fulfilling the Benhamou criteria and seen between 1992 and 2013 in our unit were retrospectively included.Results.Forty-one patients (11 men and 30 women) were included. The average age was 45 years (20–80 yrs) at the time of diagnosis. Nineteen patients had palmoplantar pustulosis, 3 had psoriasis vulgaris, 3 had severe acne, and 15 had no dermatological involvement. Bone symptoms involved mainly the anterior chest wall (n = 28, 68%), followed by the spine (n = 16, 39%) and sacroiliac joints (n = 12, 29%). Four patients had peripheral osteitis and 2 had mandibular osteitis. Ten patients had peripheral arthritis affecting mainly the knees and wrists. None of the 36 patients tested was HLA-B27–positive. At least a partial response was achieved with colchicine, methotrexate, or sulfasalazine in 0/6, 2/4, and 1/6 of patients, respectively. Antibiotic therapy (azithromycin, n = 7; doxycycline, n = 2) was effective in 2/9 patients. Pamidronate was prescribed in 26 patients with bone involvement and 18/22 patients evaluable at 6 months responded to this therapy. Two patients were treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: 1 with infliximab and 1 with adalimumab, followed by etanercept.Conclusion.Based on our experience, SAPHO can be diagnosed in the elderly. It was not associated with HLA-B27. Soft tissue involvement was common and the bisphosphonates were generally effective on bone involvement.
Modifiable Factors Associated with Allopurinol Adherence and Outcomes Among Patients with Gout in an Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Rashid Nazia , Coburn Brian W. , Wu Yi-Lin , Cheetham T. Craig , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Saag Kenneth G. , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: December 2014

Objective.To identify modifiable patient and provider factors associated with allopurinol adherence and the achievement of a serum urate acid (SUA) goal in gout.Methods.We identified a retrospective cohort of patients with gout, newly treated with allopurinol. All patient data came from administrative datasets at a large integrated health delivery system. Patients were ≥ 18 years old at time of initial allopurinol dispensing, and had 12 months or more of membership and drug eligibility prior to the index date. Allopurinol adherence was defined as a proportion of days covered ≥ 0.80, evaluated during the first 12 months of observation after the initial dispensing. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with allopurinol nonadherence and attaining an SUA concentration < 6.0 mg/dl.Results.We identified 13,341 patients with gout with incident allopurinol use (mean age 60 yrs, 78% men). Of these, 9581 patients (72%) had SUA measured both at baseline and during followup. Only 3078 patients (32%) attained an SUA target of < 6.0 mg/dl during followup. Potentially modifiable factors associated with treatment adherence and obtaining the SUA goal in the multivariable analysis included concomitant diuretic use, prescriber specialty, and allopurinol dosing practices. Adherent patients were 2.5-fold more likely than nonadherent patients to achieve an SUA < 6.0 mg/dl during observation.Conclusion.Among patients with gout initiating allopurinol in our study, 68% did not reach the SUA goal and 57% of patients were nonadherent. Modifiable factors, including allopurinol dose escalation, treatment adherence, rheumatology referral, and concomitant medication use, could be important factors to consider in efforts aimed at optimizing gout treatment outcomes.
The effect of addition of low dose fentanyl to epidural bupivacaine (0.5%) in patients undergoing elective caesarean section
Authors: Parate LH , Manjrekar SP , Anandaswamy TC , Manjunath B 
Published: December 2014

Background:
Opioids have synergistic action with local anesthetics which may alter characteristics of epidural block. Giving opioids to mother before delivery of baby is still fully not accepted with some fearing risk of neonatal depression.

Aims:
Our primary aim was to evaluate the analgesic effect of addition of 50 μg fentanyl to epidural 0.5% bupivacaine in patients undergoing elective caesarean section using visual analog scale. The secondary aim was to assess onset of analgesia, volume of drug required to achieve T6 level, grade and duration of motor block and Apgar score.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study 64 patients scheduled for elective caesarean section under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups of 32 each. The fentanyl group received 1ml of 50 μg fentanyl and the saline group received 1ml of normal saline mixed with 10ml of 0.5% bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia. VAS score, time to achieve T6 level, dose of bupivacaine, intraoperative analgesic consumption and duration of analgesia, grade and duration of motor block and any adverse maternal and neonatal effects were noted.

Statistical Analysis:
Data was analyzed using Students t test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test. The values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
Fentanyl improved the VAS score significantly (1.6 ± 1.32) compared to the saline group (3.77 ± 1.0, P < 0.0001). It also reduced the intraoperaitve analgesic supplementation compared to the saline group. (P = 0.031). The postoperative duration of analgesia was prolonged in the fentanyl group (275.80 ± 13.61 min) compared to the saline group (191.47 ± 12.16 min, P < 0.0001). The other characteristics of epidural block were unaltered.

Conclusion:
Addition of 50 μg fentanyl to epidural 0.5% bupivacaine significantly reduces the VAS score. It also reduces intra-operative analgesia supplementation and prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia without altering the other characteristics of block. The neonatal outcome is not affected with addition of fentanyl before delivery of baby.
On the Regularity of the Multisublinear Maximal Functions
Authors: Liu Feng , Wu Huoxiong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the study of the regularity for the multisublinear maximal operator. It is proved that the multisublinear maximal operator is bounded on first-order Sobolev spaces. Moreover, two key point-wise inequalities for the partial derivatives of the multisublinear maximal functions are established. As an application, the quasi-continuity on the multisublinear maximal function is also obtained.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Retention of Denture Bases fabricated using Selective Pressure, Massad's and Functional Impression Techniques: A Clinical Study
Authors: Sanaye Ragini Sudhakar 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundImpression techniques have evolved considerably during the last decade. However, it needs to be assessed whether the retention achieved with these techniques is adequate enough to establish them as an alternative to the conventional techniques.PurposeThis study was planned to evaluate the retention of denture bases fabricated using the selective pressure, functional and Massad's impression techniques.Materials and methodsTwenty completely edentulous patients were selected and each of them was subjected to three definitive impression techniques: selective pressure, functional and Massad's techniques. The permanent bases were fabricated and checked for retention with a custom made retention checking apparatus. The load required to dislodge the denture base fabricated using each technique, from the maxillary foundation was recorded and this data was subjected to statistical analysis.ResultsThe statistical analysis shows that the difference between the selective pressure and the functional impression technique is statistically significant (p = 0.046) However, this result needs verification by collecting more data or designing another study, since the observed p-value is closer to the significance level (i.e. 0.05). Though the difference between the means of Massad's and functional techniques is of 39 gm, it is statistically not significant (p = 0.09). The difference between means load to dislodge denture bases for selective pressure and Massad's techniques (5.5 gm) is not statistically significant (p = 0.95).ConclusionThe three impression techniques yielded adequately retentive permanent denture bases. However, retention of the denture bases obtained from the selective pressure impression technique was best, followed by the Massad's and functional techniques.Clinical implicationThe results of this study indicated that the denture bases fabricated using selective pressure impression technique were more retentive than the Massad's and the Functional impression technique.How to cite this articleSanaye RS, Shah N, Ram SM. A Comparative Evaluation of the Retention of Denture Bases fabricated using Selective Pressure, Massad's and Functional Impression Techniques: A Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):139-144.
Management of Extended Orbital Exenteration using Spectacle retained Orbitofacial Prosthesis
Authors: Legha Virender Singh , Sahoo NK 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRestoration of facial defects is a challenge for both reconstructive surgeon and prosthodontist. There should be collective efforts from the restorative team involved in rehabilitation of the lost tissue to best of the form and esthetics. Orbitofacial defects warrant early and effective treatment protocol to allow incapacitated patients some level of social acceptance. A removable maxillofacial prosthesis which is closely adapted, well retained and with good color match is easily accepted by the patient. Retention of the orbitofacial prosthesis is achieved using various means, like implants, tissue undercuts, adhesives, magnets. A material chosen should be easy to manipulate and compatible to different retentive aids employed. This paper presents rehabilitation of extended orbital exenteration defect with spectacle retained orbitofacial prosthesis.How to cite this articleKumar KVA, Sahoo NK, Kumar D, Legha VS. Management of Extended Orbital Exenteration using Spectacle retained Orbitofacial Prosthesis. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):157-159.
Lingual Approach to Buccally Impacted Teeth
Authors: Gaikwad Shashank , Ravindranath VK , Tahilramani Samay Mukesh , Karandikar Grish 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTOrthodontic management of impacted teeth is one of the most challenging aspects in terms of diagnosis and treatment planning and execution. Treatment is usually prolonged in duration and often complicated by various local factors. This article describes a simplified method toward management of an impacted tooth through the medium of a case report. A patient reported with impacted maxillary canine and an impacted mandibular premolar, was treated orthodontically. The impacted premolar was aligned using a new approach through the modification of the lingual arch. This article describes the design, mechanism of action and the relative advantages and disadvantages of the technique used.How to cite this articleTahilramani SM, Gaikwad S, Karandikar G, Ravindranath VK. Lingual Approach to Buccally Impacted Teeth. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):162-166.
Efficiently Plumping the Deficient! Pontic Site Development
Authors: Ram Sabita , Padhye Ashvini Mukul , Rathod Aditi Ashok , Chandavarkar Saili 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTReplacing a missing tooth in a maxillary anterior esthetic zone displaying a Seibert's class III ridge defect is a big challenge in the field of perioesthetics. In order to achieve maximum esthetics, form and function, an ideal pontic should have a natural emergence profile and support the labial soft tissue as well as the adjacent papillae. This is of paramount importance, especially if the patient has a high smile line. Augmentation protocols differ based on the treatment plan for implants or fixed prosthesis. The most popular techniques for soft tissue ridge augmentation for Seibert's Class III ridge defects include the roll technique, the wedge technique and the pouch technique among others. This article presents a case of an 18-year-old female patient with a challenging Seibert's Class III ridge defect treated for pontic site development using a combination of the pouch and the roll technique followed by a fixed prosthesis with ovate pontics.How to cite this articleRathod AA, Padhye AM, Ram S, Chandavarkar S. Efficiently Plumping the Deficient! Pontic Site Development. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):173-177.
Verruciform Xanthoma-Histopathologically: A Distinct Entity
Authors: Pawar Vipul Mohan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTVerruciform xanthoma (VX) is an uncommon benign mucocutaneous lesion of unknown etiology. It is essential to diagnose this lesion as a varied entity of utmost importance as clinically their appearance could range from a simple leukoplakia or papilloma to as grave as squamous cell carcinoma SCC. Although this lesion is of multifactorial pathogenesis, a viral etiology like human papilloma virus (HPV) has been suggested in some cases. This rare, harmless lesion usually presents as a sessile or pedunculated, pale yellowish-to-red, papillary, granular or verrucous mucosal growth. Histopathologically, VX is characterized by the presence of parakeratinzed epithelium showing papillary or verrucous growth with thin rete ridges and connective tissue papillae extending up to the surface. The papillae characteristically consist of foam cells, also called xanthoma cells. We report two cases of VX of varied clinical appearance but very similar and characteristic histopathological presentation to be diagnosed as VX. The clinical diagnosis, though may be challenging; the histopathological features are diagnostic and well-defined. It is also noteworthy that in an improper biopsy, xanthoma cells may be scanty and their presence can be missed, especially if one is unfamiliar with the existence of this lesion.How to cite this articlePawar VM, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N. Verruciform Xanthoma-Histopathologically: A Distinct Entity. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):181-184.