bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitations in speech recognition for young adults with down syndrome
Authors: Cibrian Franceli L. , Chen Yingchen ’Yuki’ , Anderson Kayla , Abrahamsson Cecilia Marie , Motti Vivian Genaro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Speech recognition has the potential to make technology more accessible to users. However, the accuracy of speech recognition remains limited for users with disabilities, including those with Down Syndrome, and the types and frequencies of recognition errors are poorly understood. This paper characterizes these problems, focusing on errors occurring when recognizing Down Syndrome speech. We analyze the transcripts from six speech recognition algorithms (Google, IBM, Otter.ai, Microsoft, AssemblyAI, OpenAI) using the audio content of 15 individuals with Down Syndrome (331 dialogues; 3428 words). Our analysis shows: (1) significant difference in speech recognition accuracy for people with Down Syndrome compared to neurotypical users; (2) the best algorithm for recognizing Down Syndrome speech is OpenAI (Word Accuracy = 67%; F1-score = 0.944); and (3) there is a prevalence of deletion errors followed by substitutions and insertions. These findings have implications for enhancing speech recognition for the next-generation voice assistants to meet the needs of users with Down Syndrome.
Does perceived support from teachers moderate the relationship between personal resources and engagement among upper secondary school students?
Authors: Tvedt Maren Stabel , Vasalampi Kati , Virtanen Tuomo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Student engagement is critical for learning and adjustment, but poor personal resources, such as low academic self-concept and mental health problems, can impede the individual’s capacity to engage in academic activities. The present study’s main aim was to investigate whether student-perceived emotional support from teachers in upper secondary school can compensate for the drawbacks associated with poor personal resources with respect to various dimensions of engagement (i.e., emotional engagement, behavioral engagement, and dropout intentions). With a sample of first-year upper secondary school students (n = 1379), the research questions were approached through structural equation modeling with latent interaction terms in a cross-sectional design. The results confirmed that students with poor personal resources report lower levels of emotional and behavioral engagement and stronger dropout intentions. However, interactions between academic self-concept and perceived emotional support from teachers indicated that the disadvantages associated with poor academic self-concept were less pronounced for students who perceived their teachers as highly emotionally supportive. No such compensatory effects were found with respect to mental health problems. The findings are discussed in terms of their practical implications for promoting student engagement and preventing school dropout.
Myeloperoxidase as a biomarker in periodontal disease: electrochemical detection using printed screen graphene electrodes
Authors: Valdivieso María C. , Ortiz Ludy , Castillo John J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common oral health issue marked by inflammation and the breakdown of tissues. Early detection of biomarkers associated with periodontal disease (PD) can significantly aid in timely diagnosis and intervention. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme abundantly present in neutrophils and has been associated in the pathogenesis of PD. Here, we present a novel approach for the electrochemical detection of MPO using printed screen graphene electrodes coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) for data analysis. We employed cyclic voltammetry to characterize the electrochemical behavior of MPO using potassium ferrocyanide and hydrogen peroxide. The process was controlled by species diffusion on the electrode surface using a scan rate spanning from 10 to 400 mVs−1. In addition, we investigated the detection of hydrogen peroxide, a substrate of MPO, as a method to indirectly asses MPO electroactivity, leveraging a redox potential of − 500 mV. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using the developed electrochemical sensor, followed by principal component analysis to differentiate between healthy and diseased samples based on MPO levels. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using printed screen graphene electrodes for the sensitive and selective detection of MPO, offering a promising approach for early diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal disease. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of MPO as a robust biomarker for periodontal disease and highlight the utility of electrochemical sensing coupled with PCA analysis for sensitive and specific detection in clinical settings.
Assessment of symbiont-targeted control on non-target stink bugs and their associated egg parasitoids: Could this technique be suitable against Halyomorpha halys in New Zealand?
Authors: Prieto Sofia V. , Avila Gonzalo A. , Lima Barbara , Gonella Elena , Alma Alberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The potential arrival of Halyomorpha halys in New Zealand jeopardizes a vast range of crops. Therefore, different preparedness strategies are being assessed before its arrival. A symbiont-targeted control strategy might be used along with other control tactics such as biological control. Prior its implementation, it is necessary to assess its potential impact on non-target stink bug species and their associated egg parasitoids. In this study, the effect of symbiont-targeted control was evaluated on three stink bug species in New Zealand, Oechalia schellenbergii (a native predatory species), Nezara viridula (a cosmopolitan pest) and Monteithiella humeralis (a non-pest adventive species). The interference of anti-symbiont treatment of egg masses with their associated Trissolcus egg parasitoids, namely T. basalis and T. oenone, was also tested. A variable response to symbiont elimination was observed in stink bug species, with N. viridula and M. humeralis undergoing high mortality and no negative effect detected for O. schellenbergii. Parasitism of N. viridula by T. basalis declined on egg masses treated with an anti-symbiont biocomplex or water. Similar results were obtained for T. oenone parasitizing eggs of M. humeralis; while, a parasitism increase was observed for O. schellenbergii egg masses exposed to anti-symbiont treatment and treated with water. These results confirm previous evidence of species-specific response to anti-symbiont control and indicate a moderate and variable effect on egg parasitism. Such responses suggest that symbiont-targeted control would not significantly interfere with the native insect communities that may interact with H. halys, encouraging the future incorporation of symbiont-targeted control in pest management programs.
On the structure, conformation and reactivity of β-1,4-linked plant cell wall glycans: why are xylan polysaccharides or furanosyl substituents easier to hydrolyze than cellulose?
Authors: Álvarez-Martínez Ignacio , Pfrengle Fabian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plants have been essential to human technological development since the beginning of time. Today, due to their structural diversity and adaptability, they continue to hold a great potential for addressing modern energy and material challenges. Plant glycans, as central components of the plant cell wall, play a crucial role in defining many of the wall’s unique mechanical and chemical characteristics. A deep understanding of the structure and chemical properties of these biopolymers can help optimize the use of plant resources. Here, we discuss fundamental aspects of the primary structure, conformation, and reactivity of plant glycans, focusing on the ubiquitous β-1,4-linked plant glycans (cellulose, xylans, glucomannans, xyloglucans) and the glycosyl residues that constitute their backbones: glucosyl, xylosyl, and mannosyl residues. In the discussion, the higher rate of acidic hydrolysis in aqueous solution observed for xylans in comparison to cellulose is attributed to the lower electron deficiency and greater conformational freedom of xylosyl rings, with both factors resulting from the absence of the hydroxymethyl (CH2OH) group in these rings. In furanosides, the higher rate of acidic hydrolysis when compared to their pyranosyl counterparts is explained by the greater similarity between the conformations of furanosides in the ground state and those in the oxocarbenium ion-like transition state upon glycosidic bond cleavage. These phenomena, alongside other factors such as steric interactions, offer an effective explanation for the rates of acidic hydrolysis in solution observed for plant glycans.
Evaluation of end-to-end continuous spanish lipreading in different data conditions
Authors: Gimeno-Gómez David , Martínez-Hinarejos Carlos-D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Visual speech recognition remains an open research problem where different challenges must be considered by dispensing with the auditory sense, such as visual ambiguities, the inter-personal variability among speakers, and the complex modeling of silence. Nonetheless, recent remarkable results have been achieved in the field thanks to the availability of large-scale databases and the use of powerful attention mechanisms. Besides, multiple languages apart from English are nowadays a focus of interest. This paper presents noticeable advances in automatic continuous lipreading for Spanish. First, an end-to-end system based on the hybrid CTC/Attention architecture is presented. Experiments are conducted on two corpora of disparate nature, reaching state-of-the-art results that significantly improve the best performance obtained to date for both databases. In addition, a thorough ablation study is carried out, where it is studied how the different components that form the architecture influence the quality of speech recognition. Then, a rigorous error analysis is carried out to investigate the different factors that could affect the learning of the automatic system. Finally, a new Spanish lipreading benchmark is consolidated. Code and trained models are available at https://github.com/david-gimeno/evaluating-end2end-spanish-lipreading.
DNA barcoding reveals mislabeling of endangered sharks sold as swordfish in New England fish markets
Authors: Eppley Madeline G. , Coote Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mislabeling of shark and swordfish meat poses a substantial challenge to conservation of rapidly declining pelagic shark populations in the North Atlantic, so routine market assessments are critical. New England’s southern region of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island is a region with historic reliance on fisheries and contemporary cultural demand for locally sourced seafood, including sharks and swordfish. The visual similarity of shark and swordfish meat is considerable, and as such, this study aimed to evaluate mislabeling of shark as swordfish meat collected from markets and grocery stores in New England in 2019. DNA barcoding was used on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene to determine identification of 38 collected samples, which were either labeled as ‘mako shark’, ‘thresher shark’, or ‘swordfish’ in market. Barcoding and phylogenetic analysis revealed four mislabeled samples for a total substitution rate of 10.5%. One substitution, labeled ‘mako’ in the market, was identified as thresher shark. Three further substitutions, labeled as ‘swordfish’ in the market were identified as mako, Alopias spp., and a lamnid shark, all of which are endangered or threatened shark species. As samples were collected just before implementation of major import monitoring programs and a shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) fishing ban in the United States, this study has established a temporal baseline that can be used to determine if market mislabeling has decreased as a result of these conservation initiatives.
Citation analysis of global research on data literacy
Authors: Nwagwu Williams Ezinwa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The analysis of citation patterns in the scholarly landscape of data literacy using data collected from Scopus and analysed using Vosviewer reveals significant findings. Initially, 997 documents were identified, averaging 52 per year, but a criterion of 10 citations per document narrowed down the subset to 205 documents, indicating substantial scholarly attention. Among these, only 81 interconnected documents were found, suggesting their pivotal role in shaping discourse. Notably, Prado’s (2013) work on integrating data literacy into education emerged as highly influential. Key journals and conference proceedings such as the ACM International Conference Proceeding Series and Teachers College Record were identified as influential sources. Co-citation analysis highlighted notable authors like Mandinach, d’Ignazio, and Koltay, underlining their contributions. Seminal works by Mandinach and Gummer on educator preparation underscored the interdisciplinary nature of data literacy. Implications for policy and practice include advocating for integrating data literacy into curricula, designing educator training programs, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and supporting open access to literature. However, potential biases and dataset limitations must be acknowledged in interpreting the findings.
Diachronic or Counterfactual? Temporal Well-Being and Changing Attitudes
Authors: Moreno Marina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In his paper “Wellbeing and Changing Attitudes Across Time”, Krister Bykvist investigates the challenge that changing attitudes pose for attitude-sensitive theories of well-being in determining temporal wellbeing. He offers both a useful tool to investigate the conceptual space of possible answers, namely an attitudinal matrix, as well as a seemingly plausible constraint on such an answer, which he terms ‘diagonalism’. This paper draws on his matrix to provide an argument against diagonalism and offer an error theory regarding its intuitive force. Using his matrix, I sketch my own view of temporal well-being according to which it is not a single unified concept, but can rather be understood in two different ways (‘better for’ vs. ‘better off’), both of which are interesting in their own right.
Reversing negative nitrogen balances in intensive rice-based cropping with Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful , Bell Richard W. , Johansen Chris , Jahiruddin M. , Haque Md. Enamul , Vance Wendy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The extent to which Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices alter nitrogen (N) balance in intensive rice-based cropping systems of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain was examined, focusing on a legume dominated-system (LDS) and a cereal dominated-system (CDS) in north-west Bangladesh. Three crop establishment methods were imposed—strip planting (SP) and bed planting (BP) for non rice crops with non-puddled rice establishment; compared with conventional tillage (CT) for non rice crops along with puddled transplanting of rice. Two levels of crop residue retention were superimposed—high (HR) and low (LR - conventional farm practice) crop residue retention. The CA practices (SP and non-puddled rice with HR) increased total soil N concentrations, and the soil N-stocks at 0–0.075 m over CT and LR in both CDS and LDS sites after 2.5 years. At 0–0.15 m soil depth, total soil N concentrations increased over time under SP and BP, but decreased with CT. In LDS, annual soil N increase (65 kg N ha−1) occurred with SP while negligible N losses were observed under CT at both levels of residue retention at 0–0.15 m soil depth. The N accumulation rate under HR was 24.5 kg N ha−1 higher than LR. The N balance calculation over 2.5 years indicated an estimated soil N gain (8–11%) in SPHR and SPLR but a loss in CT. In CDS, neither treatments accumulated soil N but N losses were greater in CT. The effect of crop establishment methods on soil NH₄-N and NO₃-N at the early growth stage of cool dry season cropping was small and inconsistent. However, SP with HR maintained higher overall crop and system N uptake compared to CT and LR. Thus, CA practices altered the N balance which slowed the decline in soil N-stocks in the cereal-dominated rotation while resulting in a positive N balance in the legume-dominated rotation.
Promoting Self-Determination in Young Adults with Autism: A Multicenter, Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Andrés-Gárriz Clara , Farriols Hernando Núria , Gómez Hinojosa Antonia Maria , Pretel-Luque Teresa , Fàbregues Sergi , Mumbardó-Adam Cristina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Young people with autism have support needs related to self-determination that are currently not adequately addressed in Spain. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness, implementation, and acceptability of a program to support self-determination for young adults with autism in Spain. A multicenter, mixed methods randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was conducted (2020–2022). Young adults with autism between 17 and 30 years of age were recruited, and 40 were randomly assigned to the intervention or waiting-list group. Quantitative and qualitative data on outcomes relating to self-determination, program implementation and acceptability were collected at baseline, during, and after the intervention using several tools, including the SDI: SR and focus groups. Joint displays were used to integrate the quantitative and qualitative results for a comprehensive evaluation of the program. The quantitative results revealed no significant differences between the intervention and waiting list groups but indicated positive impacts on agentic actions and overall self-determination as reported by participants and caregivers. The qualitative results expanded the quantitative results by identifying personal and contextual barriers and facilitators of self-determination while offering deeper insights into the quantitative outcomes. Implementation fidelity was high, and the qualitative data provided areas for improvement and identified challenges and best practices. Program acceptability was high, and the group format proved useful. Our study provides the first empirical evidence of an intervention designed to promote self-determination in individuals with autism in Spain, but further research is needed. This trial was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrial.org (NCT05938751) on January 1st, 2023.
The behaviour of nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium in the subarctic Pacific Ocean: East–West differences
Authors: Chan Cheuk-Yin , Zheng Linjie , Sohrin Yoshiki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) are trace metals classified as nutrient-type elements in the oceans. This study reports the full-depth distribution of dissolved (d) Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd during the 2017 GEOTRACES Japan KH-17-3 cruise, aiming to augment the knowledge of chemical oceanography of the nutrient-type elements and highlight the east–west differences in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. The linear relationship of dCd and PO4 reflects a concurrent influence of ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycling. For the other metals, the dM/PO4 ratios reflect preferential uptake by phytoplankton, fluvial inputs, reversible scavenging, and release from the bottom. The east–west differences in the dM/PO4 ratios suggest supplies of Ni and Cu from marginal seas and the North American continent. East–west gradient of the dZn/PO4 ratio shows severer depletion of dZn in the surface water of the eastern subarctic Pacific, which is consistent with previous research. We calculate the enrichment factor (EF) that is the dM/dAl ratio normalised with the M/Al ratio in the crust for dNi, dCu, dZn, and dCd. The EF values are substantially high in the central part of the Subarctic Gyre, implying the presence of anthropogenic atmospheric input via the westerly wind.
Density-Induced Variations of Local Dimension Estimates for Absolutely Continuous Random Variables
Authors: Platzer Paul , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For any multi-fractal dynamical system, a precise estimate of the local dimension is essential to infer variations in its number of degrees of freedom. Following extreme value theory, a local dimension may be estimated from the distributions of pairwise distances within the dataset. For absolutely continuous random variables and in the absence of zeros and singularities, the theoretical value of this local dimension is constant and equals the phase-space dimension. However, due to uneven sampling across the dataset, practical estimations of the local dimension may diverge from this theoretical value, depending on both the phase-space dimension and the position at which the dimension is estimated. To explore such variations of the estimated local dimension of absolutely continuous random variables, approximate analytical expressions are derived and further assessed in numerical experiments. These variations are expressed as a function of 1. the random variables’ probability density function, 2. the threshold used to compute the local dimension, and 3. the phase-space dimension. Largest deviations are anticipated when the probability density function has a low absolute value, and a high absolute value of its Laplacian. Numerical simulations of random variables of dimension 1 to 30 allow to assess the validity of the approximate analytical expressions. These effects may become important for systems of moderately-high dimension and in case of limited-size datasets. We suggest to take into account this source of local variation of dimension estimates in future studies of empirical data. Implications for weather regimes are discussed.
Benchmarking of the PHITS simulation code using neutron activation experiments for reliable calculations of neutron fields
Authors: Shabani Doruntin , Rangaiah Srinivasa T. , Langer Christoph , Mauerhofer Eric , Zakalek Paul , Gutberlet Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, experimental results from neutron activation of gold and indium foils are compared with the activation simulated using PHITS and PHITS-DCHAIN codes. The aim was to evaluate the accuracy of these simulation methods for predicting the amount of induced activity in such foils. Neutron activation experiments were carried out using a 10 Ci AmBe source at the University of Applied Sciences Aachen in Germany. Activities were determined using a modern BEGe detector by measuring the γ-ray spectra of decaying 198Au and 116mIn. In the simulation, two methods were used to extract the activities: a direct flux analysis and a more detailed DCHAIN calculation. Generally, very good agreement of the activities within 15% is observed, which shows the reliable nuclear physics input and neutron transport calculation of the PHITS code for these kinds of experiments.