bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stories and statistics from library‐led publishing
Authors: BUSHER Casey , KAMOTSKY Irene 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTLibrary‐led publishing is one of the new approaches to journal publishing and open access that has grown tremendously in the last few years. A 2010 IMLS‐funded survey found that 55% of respondents – from US academic libraries of all different types and sizes – were already implementing or developing a publishing program. Library‐led publishing has garnered such momentum because, by offering low‐ or no‐cost publishing to university scholars, it addresses needs that traditional publishing has not been able to meet. This article presents a series of small case studies to illustrate different journals that have benefited from the library‐publishing model: (i) a journal that struggled to find an affordable publisher in its emerging field; (ii) a small society journal that could no longer afford to support itself in print; (iii) society publications that go beyond the traditional journal format; and (iv) a student journal with a revolving editorial board.
Crop Prices, Agricultural Revenues, and the Rural Economy1
Authors: Weber Jeremy G. , Wall Conor , Brown Jason , Hertz Tom 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPolicy makers in the United States often justify agricultural subsidies by stressing that agriculture is the engine of the rural economy. We use the increase in crop prices in the late 2000s to estimate the marginal effect of increased agricultural revenues on local economies in the U.S. Heartland. We find that $1 more in crop revenue generated 64¢ in personal income, with most going to farm proprietors and workers (59%) or nonfarmers who own farm assets (36%). The evidence suggests a weak link between revenues and nonfarm income or employment, or on population. Cuts to agricultural subsidies are therefore likely to have little effect on the broader rural economy in regions like the Heartland.
Insights from genomes of representatives of the human gut commensal Bifidobacterium bifidum
Authors: Duranti Sabrina , Milani Christian , Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Turroni Francesca , Mancabelli Leonardo , Sanchez Borja , Ferrario Chiara , Viappiani Alice , Mangifesta Marta , Mancino Walter , Gueimonde Miguel , Margolles Abelardo , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBifidobacteria are bacterial gut commensals of mammals, birds and social insects that are perceived to influence the metabolism/physiology of their host. In this context, members of the Bifidobacterium bifidum species are believed to significantly contribute to the overall microbiota of the human gut at infant stage. However, the molecular reasons for their adaptation to this environment are poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the pan‐genome of B. bifidum species by decoding genomes of 15 B. bifidum strains, which highlighted the existence of a conserved gene uniquely present in this bifidobacterial taxon, underscoring a nutrient acquisition strategy that targets host‐derived glycans, such as those present in mucin. Growth experiments and corresponding transcriptomic analyses confirmed the in silico data and supported these intriguing and unique host glycan‐specific saccharolytic features. The ubiquity of the genetic features of B. bifidum for the breakdown of host glycans was confirmed by interrogating metagenomic datasets, thereby supporting the notion that metabolic access to host‐derived glycans is a potent evolutionary force that has shaped B. bifidum genomes and consequently the ecology of the infant intestinal microbiota.
Heterothermy in large mammals: inevitable or implemented?
Authors: Hetem Robyn S. , Maloney Shane K. , Fuller Andrea , Mitchell Duncan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAdvances in biologging techniques over the past 20 years have allowed for the remote and continuous measurement of body temperatures in free‐living mammals. While there is an abundance of literature on heterothermy in small mammals, fewer studies have investigated the daily variability of body core temperature in larger mammals. Here we review measures of heterothermy and the factors that influence heterothermy in large mammals in their natural habitats, focussing on large mammalian herbivores. The mean 24 h body core temperatures for 17 species of large mammalian herbivores (>10 kg) decreased by ∼1.3°C for each 10‐fold increase in body mass, a relationship that remained significant following phylogenetic correction. The degree of heterothermy, as measured by the 24 h amplitude of body core temperature rhythm, was independent of body mass and appeared to be driven primarily by energy and water limitations. When faced with the competing demands of osmoregulation, energy acquisition and water or energy use for thermoregulation, large mammalian herbivores appear to relax the precision of thermoregulation thereby conserving body water and energy. Such relaxation may entail a cost in that an animal moves closer to its thermal limits for performance. Maintaining homeostasis requires trade‐offs between regulated systems, and homeothermy apparently is not accorded the highest priority; large mammals are able to maintain optimal homeothermy only if they are well nourished, hydrated, and not compromised energetically. We propose that the amplitude of the 24 h rhythm of body core temperature provides a useful index of any compromise experienced by a free‐living large mammal and may predict the performance and fitness of an animal.
Impaired coronary artery distensibility is an endothelium‐dependent process and is associated with vulnerable plaque composition
Authors: Ahmadi Naser , Ruiz‐Garcia Juan , Hajsadeghi Fereshteh , Azen Stanley , Mack Wendy , Hodis Howard , Lerman Amir 
Published: December 2014

SummaryCoronary endothelial‐dependent microvascular dysfunction, an early reversible stage of coronary artery disease (CAD), is associated with poor clinical outcome. The current study investigated whether coronary artery distensibility index (CDI) is associated with: (i) coronary endothelial‐dependent microvascular dysfunction and (ii) vulnerable plaque composition among subjects with non‐obstructive CAD. Seventy‐four subjects with non‐obstructive CAD (luminal stenosis <30%) were studied. In 20 subjects with and without coronary endothelial‐dependent microvascular dysfunction, coronary flow reserve (CFR) of target segment during intracoronary (IC) infusion of acetylcholine (Ach) and bolus injection of adenosine as well as CDI at rest of corresponding target segment were measured. In 54 subjects, plaque compositions and CDI at rest of 154 non‐obstructive coronary segments as well as proximal segment without disease were measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). CDI was defined as: [(Early‐diastolic cross‐sectional‐area (CSA) – End‐diastolic CSA of target segment)/(end‐diastolic CSA of target segment × coronary‐pulse‐pressure) × 103]. There is a direct association between endothelial dysfunction and impaired CDI of a coronary segment both in the given coronary segment and corresponding microvessels in which a strong agreement between CDI and CFR Ach (r2 = 0·85, P = 0·0001) was observed. Multivariable regression‐analysis showed that CDI was an independent predictor of the vulnerable plaque characteristics. The risk of impaired CDI was 125% higher in segments with necrotic core and 60% higher in segments with fibrofatty components as compared to normal segments (P = 0·001). In conclusions, the current study reveals that impaired CDI is an endothelial‐dependent process of both given coronary segment and corresponding microvessels and is associated with vulnerable plaque composition.
Spatial incongruence among hotspots and complementary areas of tree diversity in southern Africa
Authors: Daru Barnabas H. , van der Bank Michelle , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimBiodiversity hotspots have important roles in conservation prioritisation, but efficient methods for selecting among them remain debated.LocationSouthern Africa.MethodsIn this study, we used data on the dated phylogeny and geographical distribution of 1400 tree species in southern Africa to map regional hotspots of species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic endemism (PE), species endemism (CWE), and evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment (EDGE). In addition, we evaluated the efficiency of hotspots in capturing complementary areas of species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We examined the spatial overlap among hotspots for each metric, and review how well one metric may serve as a surrogate for others. We then evaluated the effectiveness of current conservation areas in capturing these different facets of diversity and complementary areas. Lastly, we explored the environmental factors influencing the distribution of these diversity metrics in southern Africa.ResultsWe reveal large spatial incongruence between biodiversity indices, resulting in unequal representation of PD, SR, PE, CWE and EDGE in hotspots and currently protected areas. Notably, no hotspot area is shared among all five measures, and 69% of hotspot areas were unique to a single diversity metric. Areas selected using complementarity are even more dispersed, but capture rare diversity that is overlooked by the hotspot approach.Main conclusionsAn integrative approach that considers multiple facets of biodiversity is needed if we are to maximise the conservation of tree diversity in southern Africa.
TWEAK and NT‐proBNP levels predict exercise capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hernández‐Romero Diana , Jover Eva , Martínez Carlos M. , Andreu‐Cayuelas José M. , Orenes‐Piñero Esteban , Romero‐Aniorte Ana I. , Casas Teresa , Cánovas Sergio , Montero‐Argudo José A. , Valdés Mariano , de la Morena Gonzalo , Marín Francisco 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by inappropriate hypertrophy, myocyte disarray and increased interstitial fibrosis. The tumour necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a cell surface cytokine with biological activities including stimulation of cell growth, induction of inflammatory cytokines and stimulation of apoptosis. There are controversial data about the potential role of TWEAK in different cardiovascular pathologies. NT‐proBNP is an established biomarker of myocardial wall stress, associated with poor functional class in HCM. We hypothesized that effort capacity in patients with HCM could be related to serum levels of these biomarkers.Materials and methodsWe included 40 haemodynamic stable HCM patients and 53 healthy controls with similar sex and age. We studied exercise capacity by maximal oxygen consumption in a limited treadmill exercise test. TWEAK and NT‐proBNP were assayed by ELISA method and automated Elecsys® platform, respectively. We obtained 46 samples of myocardial tissues by septal myectomy in patients with HCM and evaluated myocardial fibrosis, immunoreaction with TWEAK antibody and apoptosis with TUNEL assay.ResultsWe found raised TWEAK and NT‐proBNP serum levels in patients when compared with control levels (both P < 0·001). In a multivariate analysis, TWEAK and NT‐proBNP levels, as well as sex, remained independently associated with the effort capacity (all P < 0·05). We found an association between immunoreaction degree and the degree of myocardial fibrosis (P = 0·021), as well as apoptosis (P = 0·002) in the tissue samples from patients undergoing septal myectomy.ConclusionsTWEAK and NT‐proBNP levels are biomarkers of disease severity independently associated with the effort capacity in patients with HCM.
Convexity Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with PiB Positive Pet Scans: Clinical Features and Prognosis
Authors: Ly John V. , Singhal Shaloo , Rowe Christopher C. , Kempster Peter , Bower Simon , Phan Thanh G. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been reported to present as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH). Lesser known is that cSAH can herald intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic lesions. We present seven new cases with 11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positive positron emission tomography (PET) scans including two with biopsy, review the literature and comment on clinical and radiological findings.METHODSPatients with cSAH identified on CT, underwent MR imaging and MR angiography to exclude intracranial aneurysm. Nonaneurysmal cSAH were further prospectively evaluated for amyloid angiopathy using PiB. Clinical and radiological features of cSAH, subsequent ICH and ischemic lesions were characterized.RESULTSSeven patients with nonaneurysmal cSAH fulfilled the Boston criteria for probable CAA. All had PiB PET scans consistent with CAA. Of the 4 patients who had contrast MR Imaging all had enhancement overlying the cSAH, followed by ICH in three cases. All patients presented with transient sensory symptoms. All patients had small punctate subcortical and cortical infarcts on diffusion‐weighted MR imaging. Literature review revealed subsequent ICH in approximately 11/79 patients.CONCLUSIONThe finding of cSAH and PiB binding in our patients suggest underlying CAA. cSAH may be associated with ischemic lesion as well as future ICH occurrence.
Molecular and Biological Characterization of Potato virus Y Isolates from Vietnam
Authors: Schubert Jörg , Thieme Thomas , Thieme Ramona , Ha Cuong Viet , Hoang Giang Thi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEight isolates from different potato growing regions in Vietnam were characterized. All were highly pathogenic in some potato cultivars, but did not overcome the extreme resistance of Solanum stoloniferum and Solanum demissum. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that all of these isolates are recombinants. Sequence data for 4 isolates were obtained, and their reaction in potato cultivars harbouring specific N genes was determined. Different phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences confirmed previous results that the recombinant isolates evolved from different parental sequences. One of the Vietnamese isolates investigated had a specific structure. The need for a clear classification of PVYNWi isolates is discussed.
Metabolic abnormalities among people diagnosed with schizophrenia: a literature review and implications for mental health nurses
Authors: McDaid T. M. , Smyth S. 
Published: December 2014

Accessible summary
Metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia are found in much higher rates in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia when compared with the general population.
This review discusses the most prevalent metabolic abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, their frequency and implications for mental health nurses (MHN). This review illuminates the need for MHN to acquire added awareness, knowledge and practical strategies in managing people at high risk of developing metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS. By doing this, it contributes to the literature by highlighting practical strategies for MHN in assessment and ongoing monitoring of metabolic abnormalities in clinical practice.
This review highlights the need for MHN to be vigilant in monitoring a person's physical state on commencement and throughout treatment with antipsychotics.
There is a need for an early detection monitoring system for people who are potentially at risk of developing metabolic abnormalities.
AbstractThe literature review aimed to investigate metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people diagnosed with schizophrenia; they are almost twice as likely to have metabolic risk factors and die approximately 20 years younger than the general population. MetS has become an issue of growing concern in mental health nursing. A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing various databases to address the reviews aim. Databases such as CINAHL Plus with full text (via EBSCO), MEDLINE(R) (OVID), PsycINFO and the COCHRANE library were accessed. The main metabolic abnormalities that emerged were: diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Antipsychotic medication also plays a vital role in a person's susceptibility to the development of MetS. It is critical that MHN has access to training and education in managing people at high risk of developing metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS. This review contributes to the literature by highlighting practical strategies for MHN in assessment and ongoing monitoring of metabolic abnormalities in clinical practice.
Validity of birth certificate‐derived maternal weight data in twin pregnancies
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M. , Abrams Barbara , Siminerio Lara , Lash Timothy L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBirth certificates are an important source of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) data for surveillance and aetiologic studies, but little is known about their validity in twin pregnancies. Twins experience high rates of adverse perinatal outcomes that have been associated with BMI and GWG in singletons. Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of birth certificate‐derived pre‐pregnancy BMI and GWG compared with medical record‐derived data in a sample of 186 twin pregnancies at a teaching hospital in Pennsylvania (2003–2010). Twelve strata were created by simultaneous stratification on pre‐pregnancy BMI (underweight, normal weight/overweight, obese class 1, obese classes 2 and 3) and GWG (<20th, 20–80th, >80th percentile). The agreement of birth certificate‐derived pre‐pregnancy BMI category with medical record BMI category was lowest among underweight mothers [75% (95% confidence interval 51–91%) ] and highest among normal/overweight [97% (90–99%) ] and obese classes 2 and 3 mothers [97% (85–99%) ]. Agreement for GWG category from the birth certificate varied from 57% (41–70%) for GWG >80th percentile to 80% (65–91%) and 82% (72–89%) for GWG <20th and 20th–80th percentiles, respectively. The misclassification of BMI and GWG was primarily due to error in pre‐pregnancy weight rather than weight at delivery or height. Agreement proportions for twins were not meaningfully different from the proportions in a comparable sample of singleton pregnancies. These data suggest that birth certificate‐based BMI and GWG data are prone to error in twin pregnancies. Those who use these data should conduct internal validation studies and adjust their results using bias analyses.
Duodenal rather than antral motility contractile parameters correlate with symptom severity in gastroparesis patients
Authors: Barshop K. , Staller K. , Semler J. , Kuo B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundStudies of symptomatic gastroparetics consistently find poor correlation with gastric emptying. We hypothesized that concomitant small bowel dysmotility may play a role in symptom causation in gastroparesis and sought to test this hypothesis by using wireless motility capsule (WMC) testing to simultaneously measure antral and duodenal area under pressure curve (AUC) in patients with delayed gastric emptying.MethodsUsing a cohort from a multicenter clinical trial and a separate tertiary clinical database, we identified gastroparetics that underwent concurrent WMC testing and completed the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index, a validated questionnaire. Our study included 35 gastroparetics defined by a gastric emptying time (GET) ≥5 h. Antral and duodenal AUC were assessed at 1‐h windows pre‐GET and post‐GET, respectively.Key ResultsWe found moderate correlations between duodenal AUC and symptom severity in the combined cohort (n = 35; R = −0.42; p = 0.01; 95% CI −0.7, −0.1). Removing patients with colonic delay resulted in a stronger correlation of duodenal AUC to symptom severity (n = 21; R = −0.63; p < 0.01; 95% CI −0.81, −0.31). The multicenter trial (n = 20) and clinical practice cohorts (n = 15) had significantly different symptom severity and exclusion criteria. When analyzed separately, significant correlations between duodenal AUC and symptom severity were observed (R = −0.71; p < 0.01; 95% CI −0.9, −0.4 and R = −0.72; p < 0.01; 95% CI −0.9, −0.3, respectively). Symptom severity and antral motility showed no correlation.Conclusions & InferencesWe found significant correlations between duodenal AUC and symptom severity in two cohorts of gastroparetics. Small bowel motility may contribute to symptom generation in gastroparetic patients and this may inform therapeutic considerations.
strap: an R package for plotting phylogenies against stratigraphy and assessing their stratigraphic congruence
Authors: Bell Mark A. , Lloyd Graeme T. 
Published: December 2014

Abstractstrap (Stratigraphic Tree Analysis for Palaeontology) is a new package for the freely available statistical programming language R designed to perform three main tasks: (1) to time‐scale phylogenies of fossil taxa; (2) to plot those time‐scaled trees against stratigraphy; and (3) to assess congruence between phylogenies and stratigraphy. Time‐scaling is performed with the DatePhylo function, with three approaches offered. Plotting trees against a choice of five different geological time scaless is possible using the geoscalePhylo function. Finally, the function StratPhyloCongruence calculates stratigraphic congruence measures for one or more input phylogenies, with no taxon limit. All three major congruence measures are offered: Stratigraphic Consistency Index (SCI), Manhattan Stratigraphic Measure (MSM*) and the gap excess ratio (GER; including GERt and GER*), as well as the pseudocongruence measure, the Relative Completeness Index (RCI). Each measure has an accompanying significance test that works by comparing the input trees against a user‐defined number of randomly generated topologies with the same taxon set and age ranges. Additional options for generating these random topologies allow the user to fix the outgroup or retain the input tree shape to make fairer comparisons. A tutorial that assumes no prior knowledge of R showcases all three functions using two different example data sets.
Randomized, double‐blind comparison of standard‐dose vs. high‐dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in pediatric solid organ transplant patients
Authors: GiaQuinta Sarah , Michaels Marian G. , McCullers Jonathan A. , Wang Li , Fonnesbeck Christopher , O'Shea Alice , Green Michael , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChildren who have undergone SOT mount a lower immune response after vaccination with TIV compared to healthy controls. HD or SD TIV in pediatric SOT was given to subjects 3–17 yr and at least six months post‐transplant. Subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive either the HD (60 μg) or the SD (15 μg) TIV. Local and systemic reactions were solicited after each vaccination, and immune responses were measured before and after each vaccination. Thirty‐eight subjects were enrolled. Mean age was 11.25 yr; 68% male, 45% renal, 26% heart, 21% liver, 5% lung, and 5% intestinal. Twenty‐three subjects were given HD and 15 SD TIV. The median time since transplant receipt was 2.2 yr. No severe AEs or rejection was attributed to vaccination. The HD group reported more tenderness and local reactions, fatigue, and body ache when compared to the SD cohort, but these were considered mild and resolved within three days. Subjects in the HD group demonstrated a higher percentage of four‐fold titer rise to H3N2 compared to the SD group. HD influenza vaccine was well tolerated and may have increased immunogenicity. A phase 2 trial is needed to confirm.