bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support, social conflict, and immigrant women's mental health in a Canadian context: a scoping review
Authors: Guruge S. , Thomson M. S. , George U. , Chaze F. 
Published: June 2015

Accessible summary
Social support has positive and negative dimensions, each of which has been associated with mental health outcomes. Social networks can also serve as sources of distress and conflict.
This paper reviews journal articles published during the last 24 years to provide a consolidated summary of the role of social support and social conflict on immigrant women's mental health. The review reveals that social support can help immigrant women adjust to the new country, prevent depression and psychological distress, and access care and services. When social support is lacking or social networks act as a source of conflict, it can have negative effects on immigrant women's mental health.
It is crucial that interventions, programmes, and services incorporate strategies to both enhance social support as well as reduce social conflict, in order to improve mental health and well‐being of immigrant women.
AbstractResearchers have documented the protective role of social support and the harmful consequences of social conflict on physical and mental health. However, consolidated information about social support, social conflict, and mental health of immigrant women in Canada is not available. This scoping review examined literature from the last 24 years to understand how social support and social conflict affect the mental health of immigrant women in Canada. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Healthstar, and EMBASE for peer‐reviewed publications focusing on mental health among immigrant women in Canada. Thirty‐four articles that met our inclusion criteria were reviewed, and are summarized under the following four headings: settlement challenges and the need for social support; social support and mental health outcomes; social conflict and reciprocity; and social support, social conflict, and mental health service use. The results revealed that social support can have a positive effect on immigrant women's mental health and well‐being, and facilitate social inclusion and the use of health services. When social support is lacking or social networks act as a source of conflict, it can have negative effects on immigrant women's mental health. The results also highlighted the need for health services to be linguistically‐appropriate and culturally‐safe, and provide appropriate types of care and support in a timely manner in order to be helpful to immigrant women.
Context, Service Provision, and Reflections on Future Directions of Support for Individuals With Intellectual Disability in Singapore
Authors: Poon Kenneth K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe author examined how individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are supported in Singapore and what are the needs for further service development. Service provision for individuals with disabilities in Singapore is broadly reflective of its changing needs as a developing nation. Disability service provision began in the pre‐World War II period and then advanced greatly during the last 20 years with the proliferation of early intervention and specialized programs for school‐aged children as well an expansion of adult‐focused supports. Social services are organized along the “Three Ps Model” (public, private, and people), involving a collaboration of nongovernmental organizations, the government, and the corporate sector. With respect to school‐age services, although a fairly comprehensive system has been put in place to support the education of students with disabilities, the system continues to evolve. The situation is more limited with respect to supports for adults. With Singapore reaching high levels of employment, there is an impetus for some individuals with ID to be part of the workforce; for those without work skills, day options for some include workshops and developmental activity centers. For parent carers, supports remain limited and there is a disparity between the goals outlined in the World Disability Report and currently available options for most adults and their families. Recommendations include studies to better understand the population of persons with ID and their needs, a reexamination of the diffused responsibility for disability‐related services within the government, and an evaluation of the way services are delivered by the voluntary sector.
Class I and II histone deacetylase expression in human chronic periodontitis gingival tissue
Authors: Cantley M. D. , Dharmapatni A. A. S. S. K. , Algate K. , Crotti T. N. , Bartold P. M. , Haynes D. R. 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectiveHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are being considered to treat chronic inflammatory diseases at low doses. Currently HDACi that are more specific are being developed to target particular HDACs; therefore, this study aimed to determine levels and distribution of class I and II HDAC in human gingival samples obtained from patients with chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsGingival biopsies were obtained from patients with and without (mild inflammation, no bone loss) periodontitis. Total RNA was isolated for real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine expression of HDACs 1–10. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine protein distribution of HDACs 1, 5, 8 and 9. Factor VIII, CD3 and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were detected in serial sections to identify blood vessels, lymphocytes, pre‐osteoclasts and osteoclasts cells respectively. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) expression was also assessed.ResultsmRNA for HDAC 1, 5, 8 and 9 were significantly upregulated in chronic periodontitis gingival tissues compared to non‐periodontitis samples (p < 0.05). Significantly higher HDAC 1 protein expression was observed in chronic periodontitis samples (p < 0.05), and was associated with CD3, TRAP and TNF‐α‐positive cells. HDAC 1, 5, 8 and 9 were expressed strongly by the factor VIII‐positive microvasculature in the chronic periodontitis gingival tissues.ConclusionsHDAC 1, 5, 8 and 9 expression was higher in gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis compared to non‐periodontitis samples. Results suggest that these HDACs could therefore be targeted with specific acting HDACi.
The cell wall amidase AmiB is essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell division, drug resistance and viability
Authors: Yakhnina Anastasiya A. , McManus Heather R. , Bernhardt Thomas G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe physiological function of cell wall amidases has been investigated in several proteobacterial species. In all cases, they have been implicated in the cleavage of cell wall material synthesized by the cytokinetic ring. Although typically non‐essential, this activity is critical for daughter cell separation and outer membrane invagination during division. In Escherichia coli, proteins with LytM domains also participate in cell separation by stimulating amidase activity. Here, we investigated the function of amidases and LytM proteins in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In agreement with studies in other organisms, PaAmiB and three LytM proteins were found to play crucial roles in P. aeruginosa cell separation, envelope integrity and antibiotic resistance. Importantly, the phenotype of amidase‐defective P. aeruginosa cells also differed in informative ways from the E. coli paradigm; PaAmiB was found to be essential for viability and the successful completion of cell constriction. Our results thus reveal a key role for amidase activity in cytokinetic ring contraction. Furthermore, we show that the essential function of PaAmiB can be bypassed in mutants activated for a Cpx‐like envelope stress response, suggesting that this signaling system may elicit the repair of division machinery defects in addition to general envelope damage.
Autoregulation of ZEB2 expression for zearalenone production in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Park Ae Ran , Son Hokyoung , Min Kyunghun , Park Jinseo , Goo Jae Hwan , Rhee Sangkee , Chae Suhn‐Kee , Lee Yin‐Won 
Published: June 2015

SummarySeveral Fusarium species produce the polyketide mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA), a causative agent of hyperestrogenic syndrome in animals that is often found in F. graminearum–infected cereals in temperate regions. The ZEA biosynthetic cluster genes PKS4, PKS13, ZEB1 and ZEB2 encode a reducing polyketide synthase, a non‐reducing polyketide synthase, an isoamyl alcohol oxidase and a transcription factor respectively. In this study, the production of two isoforms (ZEB2L and ZEB2S) from the ZEB2 gene in F. graminearum via an alternative promoter was characterized. ZEB2L contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA‐binding domain at the N‐terminus, whereas ZEB2S is an N‐terminally truncated form of ZEB2L that lacks the bZIP domain. Interestingly, ZEA triggers the induction of both ZEB2L and ZEB2S transcription. ZEB2L and ZEB2S interact with each other to form a heterodimer that regulates ZEA production by reducing the binding affinity of ZEB2L for the ZEB2L gene promoter. Our study provides insight into the autoregulation of ZEB2 expression by alternative promoter usage and a feedback loop during ZEA production; this regulatory mechanism is similar to that observed in higher eukaryotes.
Tacrolimus reduction with everolimus addition for calcineurin inhibitor‐induced arteriolopathy in kidney allografts
Authors: Miura Masayoshi , Higashiyama Hiroshi , Fukasawa Yuichiro , Itoh Yosuke , Tamaki Tohru 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tacrolimus (TAC) reduction with everolimus (EVR) addition on the maintenance immunosuppression for the recipients with calcineurin inhibitor arteriolopathy (CNIA).MethodsThis retrospective study consisted of 13 kidney allograft recipients who were found to have CNIA on protocol biopsy specimens. The time of intervention was 9–89 months. All the patients were on TAC, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). 9 of 13 were on steroid. EVR was added and TAC dose was reduced. MMF dose was not changed. Revaluation biopsy was taken 12 months after the intervention. TAC trough levels (TACC0, ng/mL), EVR trough levels (EVRC0, ng/mL), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min), and urine protein per creatinine (uP/Cr, g/g creatinine) were compared before and 1 year after intervention. Changes in pathological findings and adverse events were also reviewed.ResultsAah scores improved in 5 patients. Aah scores did not change in the rest of the patients. No deterioration was observed. No improvement was seen in those with aah3. TACC0 reduced from 3.3 to 2.3. EVRC0 at revaluation was 4.1. eGFR improved from 44.3 to 49.8. uP/Cr slightly increased from 0.20 to 0.26. EVR was discontinued in 1 patient due to an adverse event. EVR dose was reduced in 5 patients due to adverse events.ConclusionTAC reduction with EVR addition improves CNIA histologically in selected cases.
Currently available useful immunohistochemical markers of renal pathology for the diagnosis of renal allograft rejection
Authors: Kanzaki Go , Shimizu Akira 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRenal allograft dysfunction may be induced by various causes, including alloimmune rejection, viral infection, urinary tract obstruction, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity and/or recurrent renal disease. In order to determine the underlying cause, a renal biopsy is performed and the renal transplant pathology is diagnosed using the internationally consensus Banff classification. Although a progressive understanding of allograft rejection has provided numerous immunohistochemical markers, only the C4d is regarded to be a sufficiently useful marker for antibody‐mediated allograft rejection according to the Banff classification. This review summarizes currently available useful immunohistochemical markers of renal transplant pathology, including C4d, with diagnostic implications for human renal allograft rejection. In particular, we discuss immunohistochemical markers in the following three categories: immunohistochemical markers of renal pathology used to (i) analyze the mechanisms of alloimmune rejection, (ii) monitor cell injury and/or inflammation associated with rejection and (iii) identify renal components in order to improve the diagnosis of rejection. In addition, recent progress in the field of renal transplant pathology includes the development of a new method for assessing molecular pathology using OMICS analyses. As the recent findings of various studies in patients undergoing renal transplantation are very encouraging, novel immunohistochemical markers must be also developed and combined with new technologies for the diagnosis of human renal allograft rejection.
Temporal serum creatinine increase and exacerbation of tubulointerstitial inflammation during the first two months in resolving polyomavirus BK nephropathy
Authors: Masutani Kosuke , Tsuchimoto Akihiro , Matsukuma Yuta , Kurihara Kei , Nishiki Takehiro , Kitada Hidehisa , Tanaka Masao , Kitazono Takanari , Tsuruya Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimPolyomavirus BK nephropathy (BKVN) is an important complication in kidney transplantation. After immunosuppressive agents are reduced, some patients experience a temporal increase in serum creatinine (sCr) before viral clearance. The histological characteristics of re‐biopsies were therefore investigated to evaluate the time course of remission.MethodssCr was measured and urinary cytology evaluated periodically in 14 patients with biopsy‐proven BKVN. Remission of BKVN was defined as re‐biopsies negative for SV40 large T antigen (SV40‐TAg) or for decoy cells on at least three consecutive cytology tests. Early changes in sCr were correlated with re‐biopsy findings.ResultsMean sCr was 1.6 ± 0.6 mg/dL at diagnosis, increasing during the first 2 months to 2.6 ± 2.0 mg/dL, and decreasing thereafter, to 2.3 ± 1.2 mg/dL at 3–4 months. Two patients who experienced further increases in sCr at 3 months showed early graft loss, while the others showed clinical or histological remission. Nineteen re‐biopsies were obtained from eight patients over 4 months. Banff i‐scores were higher in re‐biopsies obtained during the first 2 months than the index biopsies and re‐biopsies at 2–4 months (P = 0.02). SV40‐TAg positivity was common in re‐biopsies during the first 2 months (10/11 biopsies), but rarer at 2–4 months (2/8 biopsies, P = 0.001).ConclusionsTemporal graft dysfunction and increased inflammation, called immune reconstitution, were observed at 2 months. Later sCr reversal is associated with remission.
Probable C4d‐negative accelerated acute antibody‐mediated rejection due to non‐HLA antibodies
Authors: Niikura Takahito , Yamamoto Izumi , Nakada Yasuyuki , Kamejima Sahoko , Katsumata Haruki , Yamakawa Takafumi , Furuya Maiko , Mafune Aki , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Tanno Yudo , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Ohkido Ichiro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report a case of probable C4d‐negative accelerated acute antibody‐mediated rejection due to non‐HLA antibodies. A 44 year‐old male was admitted to our hospital for a kidney transplant. The donor, his wife, was an ABO minor mismatch (blood type O to A) and had Gitelman syndrome. Graft function was delayed; his serum creatinine level was 10.1 mg/dL at 3 days after transplantation. Open biopsy was performed immediately; no venous thrombosis was observed during surgery. Histology revealed moderate peritubular capillaritis and mild glomerulitis without C4d immunoreactivity. Flow cytometric crossmatching was positive, but no panel‐reactive antibodies against HLA or donor‐specific antibodies (DSAbs) to major histocompatibility complex class I‐related chain A (MICA) were detected. Taken together, we diagnosed him with probable C4d‐negative accelerated antibody‐mediated rejection due to non‐HLA, non‐MICA antibodies, the patient was treated with steroid pulse therapy (methylprednisolone 500 mg/day for 3 days), plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin (40 g/body), and rituximab (200 mg/body) were performed. Biopsy at 58 days after transplantation, at which time S‐Cr levels were 1.56 mg/dL, found no evidence of rejection. This case, presented with a review of relevant literature, demonstrates that probable C4d‐negative accelerated acute AMR can result from non‐HLA antibodies.
A suspected case of plasma cell‐rich acute renal transplant rejection associated with de novo donor‐specific antibody
Authors: Yoshikawa Mikiko , Kitamura Ken , Ishimura Takeshi , Hara Shigeo , Fujisawa Masato , Nishi Shinichi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA kidney transplant case with de novo donor‐specific antibody showed monoclonal plasma cell infiltration into the graft with ABO incompatibility. Three years after transplantation, the patient's graft function suddenly deteriorated. Interstitial edema and the predominant infiltration of inflammatory plasma cells with kappa chain monoclonality were observed in biopsy specimens. The in situ hybridization of Epstein–Barr virus was negative and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was not evident from radiological examinations. On laboratory examination, the patient had de novo donor‐specific antibody for HLA‐DQ. We suspected plasma cell‐rich acute rejection for which methylprednisolone pulse therapy, plasma exchange, rituximab, and 15‐deoxyspergualin were given. In the ensuing biopsy, the degree of plasma cell infiltration was similar to the first biopsy; however, kappa chain monoclonality relatively weakened. Owing to resistance to these treatments, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (0.5 g/kg/day) was added. The serum creatinine level gradually declined to 3.1 mg/dL; however, it increased up to 3.6 mg/dL again. In the final biopsy, the infiltrated plasma cells disappeared but severe interstitial fibrosis developed. This case showed difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell‐rich acute rejection. A detailed consideration of this case may be helpful in understanding the clinical features and pathogenesis of this condition.
The impact of C4d‐negative acute antibody‐mediated rejection on short‐term prognosis among kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Sai Keiko , Omoto Kazuya , Shimizu Tomokazu , Honda Kazuho , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological features of C4d‐negative acute antibody‐mediated rejection (aAMR), and examined the impact of C4d‐negative aAMR on short‐term prognosis.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2011, 626 kidney transplantations were performed in our institution and related hospitals. We excluded 174 ABO‐incompatible transplantations, and analysed clinical and pathological data from the remaining 452 until December 2013.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 39 patients underwent aAMR. We divided them into two groups. According to C4d positivity in each patient's first AMR, we divided the cohort into a C4d‐positive aAMR group and a C4d‐negative aAMR group, using the new Banff 2013 classification. We compared each aAMR patient's features to controls. Clinical and pathological characteristics were similar in both groups and the short‐term outcomes of the two groups were similar, but both were worse than control.ConclusionC4d‐negative aAMR resembles C4d‐positive aAMR in terms of clinical and pathological features, and that C4d positivity has no influence on short‐term outcome.
Ezrin contributes to impaired podocyte migration and adhesion caused by advanced glycation end products
Authors: McRobert Elizabeth Anne , Bach Leon A 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimPodocytes are specialized epithelial cells that play a critical role in the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte abnormalities are linked to increasing albuminuria and progression to end‐stage renal failure as observed in diabetic nephropathy. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been strongly linked to the development of diabetic nephropathy, and we have previously shown that AGEs inhibit ezrin actions in proximal tubule cells. As ezrin plays a key role in controlling podocyte foot process integrity, the present study investigated the contribution of ezrin to AGE‐induced podocyte damage.MethodsConditionally immortalized human podocytes were cultured with or without AGEs, and changes in morphology, protein expression and cell function were analyzed.ResultsFully differentiated podocytes had long finger‐like protrusions forming slit diaphragm structures. Immunofluorescence showed ezrin is mainly localized to the cell membrane with intense fluorescence on cellular protrusions. After AGE‐BSA treatment for 6 days, podocytes were rounder with fewer protrusions. Western blotting showed a time‐dependent reduction in ezrin levels compared with BSA‐treated cells. AGE‐BSA treatment reduced podocyte adhesion to fibronectin and inhibited migration. Overexpression of ezrin completely reversed AGE‐BSA inhibition of podocyte adhesion to fibronectin and partially reversed AGE‐induced inhibition of migration.ConclusionThese results show a role for ezrin in AGE‐induced podocyte damage and suggest a new avenue for possible therapeutic intervention in diabetic nephropathy.
Metabolomic profiling and genomic analysis of wheat aneuploid lines to identify genes controlling biochemical pathways in mature grain
Authors: Francki Michael G. , Hayton Sarah , Gummer Joel P. A. , Rawlinson Catherine , Trengove Robert D. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMetabolomics is becoming an increasingly important tool in plant genomics to decipher the function of genes controlling biochemical pathways responsible for trait variation. Although theoretical models can integrate genes and metabolites for trait variation, biological networks require validation using appropriate experimental genetic systems. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolite analysis to mature grain of wheat homoeologous group 3 ditelosomic lines, selected compounds that showed significant variation between wheat lines Chinese Spring and at least one ditelosomic line, tracked the genes encoding enzymes of their biochemical pathway using the wheat genome survey sequence and determined the genetic components underlying metabolite variation. A total of 412 analytes were resolved in the wheat grain metabolome, and principal component analysis indicated significant differences in metabolite profiles between Chinese Spring and each ditelosomic lines. The grain metabolome identified 55 compounds positively matched against a mass spectral library where the majority showed significant differences between Chinese Spring and at least one ditelosomic line. Trehalose and branched‐chain amino acids were selected for detailed investigation, and it was expected that if genes encoding enzymes directly related to their biochemical pathways were located on homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, then corresponding ditelosomic lines would have a significant reduction in metabolites compared with Chinese Spring. Although a proportion showed a reduction, some lines showed significant increases in metabolites, indicating that genes directly and indirectly involved in biosynthetic pathways likely regulate the metabolome. Therefore, this study demonstrated that wheat aneuploid lines are suitable experimental genetic system to validate metabolomics–genomics networks.