bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Glycine Derivative and a New Indole Alkaloid from the Fermentation Broth of the Plant Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis podocarpi Isolated from the Chinese Podocarpaceae Plant Podocarpus macrophyllus
Authors: Luo Du‐Qiang , Chen Yu‐Peng , Zhang Jun , Shi Bao‐Zhong , Yang Zi‐Qi , Chen Chuan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new glycine derivative, podocarpiamide (1), a new indole alkaloid, 1‐methoxy‐1H‐indol‐3‐ethanol (2), together with two known compounds, 1‐methoxy‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetic acid (3) and methyl 1‐methoxy‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetate (4), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis podocarpi. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and COSY) and MS experiments. Compound 1 has an interesting unusual carbamic acid structure.
A Facile Solid‐Phase Synthesis of (+)‐(S)‐Clopidogrel
Authors: Jung Kiwon , Kim Jae‐Sun , Kim Tae‐Hyun , Kim Jinwoong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEnantiomerically pure (+)‐(S)‐clopidogrel was prepared by solid‐phase synthesis using the commercially available Wang resin. This method offers mild reaction conditions and provides the (+)‐(S)‐clopidogrel in overall 52% yield over six steps and with optical purity of 98.0% ee.
Two Unusual Rearranged Flavan Derivatives from Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis
Authors: Fu Ka‐Li , Shen Yun‐Heng , Lu Lu , Li Bo , He Yi‐Ren , Li Bo , Yang Xian‐Wen , Su Juan , Liu Run‐Hui , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo unusual rearranged flavan derivatives with a rare bicyclo[3.3.1]non‐3‐ene‐2,9‐dione ring, tazettone A (1) and tazettone B (2), together with five known flavans, 3–7, were isolated from the bulbs of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis Roem. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against four human tumor cell lines A549, HCT116, SK‐BR‐3, and HepG2. Compounds 1 and 2 were almost inactive against all tested cell lines, while compounds 3–7 exhibited moderate or weak cytotoxicities against the tested cell lines.
Organic Stereochemistry. Part 2
Authors: Testa Bernard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis review continues a general presentation of the principles of stereochemistry with special reference to medicinal compounds. Here, we explore stereoisomeric compounds characterized by a single or several stereogenic centers (often also called centers of chirality). The main focus will be on chiral tetrahedral structures, namelya) tetracoordinate centers, andb) tricoordinate centers where an electron lone pair plays the role of the fourth substituent, forming a tetrahedron. Following an overview of the main tetrahedral structures of interest in biological and medicinal stereochemistry, the review places emphasis on explaining the two dominant conventions, namely thed,l‐and (R,S)‐convention, the latter being known as theCIP(CahnIngoldPrelog) convention. The review ends with a discussion of reactions of stereoisomerization at stereogenic C‐centers and its relevance to drug research.
Effectiveness of paliperidone extended‐release for patients with schizophrenia: focus on subjective improvement
Authors: Na Kyoung‐Sae , Kim Chul‐Eung , Kim Yong‐Sik , Lee Jong‐Il , Han Wou Sang , Kang Ung Gu , Park Doo‐Heum , Kim Bongseog , Jung Han‐Yong , Yoon Jin‐Sang , Lim Se‐Won 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveThis study assessed whether the subjective experience of patients with schizophrenia improved after switching from an oral antipsychotic to flexibly‐dosed paliperidone extended‐release.MethodsWe conducted a 24‐week, multicenter, non‐comparative, open‐label trial. A total of 387 patients with schizophrenia participated the study. The primary study outcome was the change in subjective symptoms measured by the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised version (SCL‐90‐R) from baseline. Visual analogue scales were used for sleep and daytime somnolence as secondary subjective assessments. The clinical global impression‐schizophrenia‐severity scale was used to assess overall symptom severity. Social functioning was evaluated by the personal and social performance scale. Adverse events were also evaluated.ResultsAll subjective symptoms measured by the SCL‐90‐R improved significantly. The early responders, who achieved >20% reduction in the SCL‐90‐R within 1 week, maintained significantly lower severity through the 24 weeks. The clinical global impression‐schizophrenia‐severity scale and personal and social performance scores also improved significantly. The visual analogue scales revealed that daytime somnolence improved significantly, whereas nocturnal sleep quality was unaltered.ConclusionOur results suggest that switching to paliperidone extended‐release was associated with improvements in various subjective symptoms, decreased overall symptom severity, and increased social functioning. The results also suggest that early detection and reduction of subjective symptoms are important for treatment outcome. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee silence motives: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures
Authors: Brinsfield Chad T. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn four studies, I examine the motives for employee silence. In Study 1, I examine open‐ended survey responses to determine the nature and scope of silence motives. Study 2 develops measures of these motives and explores their factor structure. Study 3 refines the measures and provides confirmatory evidence of factor structure. Study 4 examines relationships between the new measures and related factors (employee voice, psychological safety, neuroticism, extraversion). Results indicate that six dimensions of silence motives (ineffectual, relational, defensive, diffident, disengaged, and deviant) emerged from the data, which can be reliably measured and provide incremental value for understanding and assessing employee silence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A qualitative analysis of faculty motivation to participate in otolaryngology simulation boot camps
Authors: Deutsch Ellen S. , Orioles Alberto , Kreicher Kathryn , Malloy Kelly M. , Rodgers David L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives/HypothesisTo characterize factors that motivate faculty to participate in Simulation‐Based Boot Camps (SBBC); to assess whether prior exposure to Simulation‐Based Medical Education (SBME) or duration (years) of faculty practice affects this motivation.Study DesignQualitative content analysis of semi‐structured interviews of faculty.MethodsInterviews of 35 (56%) of 62 eligible faculty including demographic questions, and scripted, open‐ended questions addressing motivation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, de‐identified, coded and analyzed using qualitative analysis software. Demographic characteristics were described. Emerging response categories were organized into themes contributing to both satisfaction and dissatisfaction.ResultsThree major themes of faculty motivation emerged: enjoyment of teaching and camaraderie; benefits to residents, patients and themselves; and opportunities to learn or improve their own patient care and teaching techniques. Expense, and time away from work and family, were identified as challenges. Faculty with many versus few years in practice revealed a greater interest in diversity of teaching experiences and techniques. Comparison of faculty with extensive versus limited simulation experience yielded similar motivations.ConclusionEnjoyment of teaching; benefits to all participants; and opportunities for self‐improvement emerged as themes of faculty motivation to participate in SBBC. SBBC have unique characteristics which provide an opportunity to facilitate teaching experiences that motivate faculty.
Patterns of Care Before and After the Adult Sinusitis Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Kepnes Lynn J. 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine if patterns of care for acute sinusitis have changed after the publication of the adult sinusitis clinical practice guideline.Study DesignCross‐sectional study with historical controls.MethodsCases of adult acute sinusitis occurring in 2005–2006 (before guideline publication) and 2009–2010 (>1 year after guideline publication) were extracted from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey. Changes in the rates of analgesic recommendations, oral antibiotic prescriptions, and choice of antibiotic therapy were determined and compared before and after guideline publication and relative to guideline recommendations.ResultsAn estimated 18.1±1.8 million cases of adult acute sinusitis were studied before (7.9±0.9 million visits for 2005–2006) and after (10.2±1.5 million visits for 2009–2010) guideline publication. Recommendation rates for analgesics did not change significantly (18.9% before vs. 23.0% after, P=.470). The proportion of patients receiving oral antibiotics increased after guideline publication (75.5% before vs. 85.7% after, P=.021). In keeping with guideline recommendations, the proportion of patients treated with amoxicillin as the agent of choice when antibiotics are prescribed increased from 8.1% to 29.4% after guideline publication (P=.001).ConclusionsCare patterns for the medical treatment of acute adult sinusitis have changed after guideline publication, with an increase in oral antibiotic prescription rates in cases of acute sinusitis and increase in the use of amoxicillin as the first‐line antimicrobial agent. The latter is strongly in keeping with guideline recommendation. Clinicians' espousal of the analgesic recommendations likely needs improvement to better comply with guideline recommendations.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 2013
Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Pharyngeal High‐Resolution Manometry Data
Authors: Geng Zhixian , Hoffman Matthew R. , Jones Corinne A. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) represents a critical advance in the quantification of swallow‐related pressure events in the pharynx. Previous analyses of the pressures measured byHRM, though, have been largely two‐dimensional, focusing on a single sensor in a given region. We present a three‐dimensional approach that combines information from adjacent sensors in a region. Two‐ and three‐dimensional methods were compared for their ability to classify data correctly as normal or disordered.Study DesignCase series evaluating new method of data analysis.MethodsA total of 1,324 swallows from 16 normal subjects and 61 subjects with dysphagia were included. Two‐dimensional single sensor integrals of the area under the curves created by rises in pressure in the velopharynx, tongue base, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) were calculated. Three‐dimensional multi‐sensor integrals of the volume under all curves corresponding to the same regions were also computed. The two sets of measurements were compared for their ability to classify data correctly as normal or disordered using an artificial neural network (ANN).ResultsThree‐dimensional parameters yielded a maximal classification accuracy of 86.71%±1.47%, while two‐dimensional parameters achieved a maximum accuracy of 83.36%±1.42%. Combining two‐ and three‐dimensional parameters with all other variables, including three‐dimensional parameters, yielded a classification accuracy of 96.99%±0.51%. Including two‐dimensional parameters yielded a classification accuracy of 96.32%±1.05%.ConclusionThree‐dimensional analysis led to improved classification of swallows based on pharyngealHRM. Artificial neural network performance with both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional analyses was effective, classifying a large percentage of swallows correctly, thus demonstrating its potential clinical utility.Level of Evidence4.Laryngoscope, 2013
Trends in otolaryngologic utilization of computed tomography for sinonasal disorders
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine temporal trends in otolaryngologists' utilization of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of sinonasal disorders.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of national health‐care database.MethodsThe National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was examined from 2005 to 2010, and all visits to otolaryngologists with a chronic sinonasal diagnosis code (e.g., chronic sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, and septal deviation) were extracted. The demographics and proportion of otolaryngology visits at which a CT scan was ordered were determined for each calendar year, and trends were determined for the 6‐year period.ResultsAn estimated 31.1±2.8 million otolaryngology visits with sinonasal diagnoses were extracted (unweighted N=2,099). The average patient age was 43.2±0.6 years, with a female predominance (57.1%±1.8%). The most common diagnoses were chronic rhinosinusitis (10.9 million visits, unweighted N=819) and allergic rhinitis (10.7 million visits, unweighted N=639). Overall, 10.4%±2.2% of sinonasal diagnosis visits involved CT (unweighted N=232), ranging from 8.4%±3.0% in 2007 to 12.3%±2.6% in 2008; in 2010, 11.7%±2.9% of visits included CT. There was no statistically significant difference in CT rates over the course of these 6 calendar years (P=.798).ConclusionsDespite widespread availability of imaging and a strong prevalence of sinonasal diagnoses, otolaryngologists' CT ordering patterns have not resulted in increased utilization over the past 6 years. This suggests that otolaryngologists are remaining consistent in their ordering patterns for sinonasal CT.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 123:1837–1839, 2013
A Litmus‐Type Colorimetric and Fluorometric Volatile Organic Compound Sensor Based on Inkjet‐Printed Polydiacetylenes on Paper Substrates
Authors: Yoon Bora , Park In Sung , Shin Hyora , Park Hye Jin , Lee Chan Woo , Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInkjet‐printed paper‐based volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor strips imaged with polydiacetylenes (PDAs) are developed. A microemulsion ink containing bisurethane‐substituted diacetylene (DA) monomers, 4BCMU, was inkjet printed onto paper using a conventional inkjet office printer. UV irradiation of the printed image allowed fabrication of blue‐colored poly‐4BCMU on the paper and the polymer was found to display colorimetric responses to VOCs. Interestingly, a blue‐to‐yellow color change was observed when the strip was exposed to chloroform vapor, which was accompanied by the generation of green fluorescence. The principal component analysis plot of the color and fluorescence images of the VOC‐exposed polymers allowed a more precise discrimination of VOC vapors.magnified image
Interface Dissipative Mechanisms in an Elastomeric Matrix Reinforced with MWCNTs
Authors: Aurilia Marco , Sorrentino Luigi , Iannace Salvatore 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDissipative mechanisms occurring at the interface between multiwall nanotubes (MWCNT) and an elastomeric matrix are investigated and quantitatively predicted through analytical equations derived from a micromechanical model. The effects of MWCNT aspect ratio on dissipative properties of the reinforced system are investigated at high strains (100–300%). Cyclic tensile tests illustrate that the fraction of dissipated strain energy increases with the amount of MWCNT and varies with their aspect ratio. Lower mean diameter MWCNT are able to dissipate a higher amount of strain energy. The model developed on the basis of the shear lag theory correctly predicts the dissipated strain energy at high strains, taking into account the different contributions to the mechanical behavior of nanotubes' different aspect ratios. magnified image
Analysis of the bacterial communities associated with two ant–plant symbioses
Authors: Seipke Ryan F. , Barke Jörg , Heavens Darren , Yu Douglas W. , Hutchings Matthew I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInsect fungiculture is practiced by ants, termites, beetles, and gall midges and it has been suggested to be widespread among plant–ants. Some of the insects engaged in fungiculture, including attine ants and bark beetles, are known to use symbiotic antibiotic‐producing actinobacteria to protect themselves and their fungal cultivars against infection. In this study, we analyze the bacterial communities on the cuticles of the plant–ant genera Allomerus and Tetraponera using deep sequencing of 16S rRNA. Allomerus ants cultivate fungus as a building material to strengthen traps for prey, while Tetraponera ants cultivate fungus as a food source. We report that Allomerus and Tetraponera microbiomes contain >75% Proteobacteria and remarkably the bacterial phyla that dominate their cuticular microbiomes are very similar despite their geographic separation (South America and Africa, respectively). Notably, antibiotic‐producing actinomycete bacteria represent a tiny fraction of the cuticular microbiomes of both Allomerus and Tetraponera spp. and instead they are dominated by γ‐proteobacteria Erwinia and Serratia spp. Both these phyla are known to contain antibiotic‐producing species which might therefore play a protective role in these ant–plant systems.
Quality of life before reconstructive breast surgery: FA preoperative comparison of patients with immediate, delayed, and major revision reconstruction
Authors: Rosson Gedge D. , Shridharani Sachin M. , Magarakis Michael , Manahan Michele A. , Basdag Basak , Gilson Marta M. , Pusic Andrea L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground: Women undergo breast reconstruction at different time‐points in their cancer care; knowing patients' preoperative quality of life (QoL) is critical in the overall care of the patient with breast cancer. Our objective was to describe presurgical QoL among women undergoing immediate, delayed, or major revision breast reconstructive surgery at our institution. Methods: From March 2008 to February 2009, we administered preoperative BREAST‐Q questionnaires to women who presented to our institution for breast reconstruction. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare patient cohorts across multiple QoL domains including body image, physical well‐being, psychosocial well‐being, and sexual well‐being. Results: Of the 231 patients who presented for preoperative consultation, 176 returned the questionnaire (response rate 76%; 117 from the immediate, 21 from the delayed, and 32 from the major revision reconstruction groups, plus 6 mixed or unknown). The three groups differed significantly (P < 0.05) across four of the six domains: body image (satisfaction with breasts), psychosocial well‐being, sexual well‐being, and physical well‐being of the chest and upper body. The immediate reconstruction group had higher (better) scores than the delayed reconstruction group, which had higher (better) scores than the major revision group. Conclusion: These data suggest that women presenting for breast reconstruction at different stages of reconstruction have different baseline QoL. Such data may help us better understand patient selection, education, and expectations, and may lead to improved patient–surgeon communication. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Ultrasound‐guided carpal tunnel release using the manos CTR system
Authors: Buncke Gregory , Mccormack Bruce , Bodor Marko 
Published: February 2013

PurposeUltrasound (US) has been used in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome since the 1980s. The first report of US‐guided carpal tunnel release (CTR) was published in 1997, with cadaver and clinical reports confirming the safe navigation of surgical tools with US for division of the transverse carpal ligament. The MANOS CTR device was recently reported as a minimally invasive tool for CTR, and may be well suited for use with US guidance.Patients and methodsThe authors report three cases of US‐guided CTR using the MANOS CTR device. The MANOS device was inserted in a blunt configuration into the safe zone, and the cutting surface was deployed with a thumb‐activated trigger that simultaneously ejected a sharp through the palm. The transverse carpal ligament was divided safely and confirmed with US.ResultsUS allowed for clear identification of the median nerve, safe zones, transverse carpal ligament, and the MANOS CTR device in relation to all pertinent structures of the carpal tunnel. Complete division of the transverse carpal ligament was confirmed in all three cases. There were no median nerve, vessel, tendon injuries, or chronic regional pain syndrome in any of the three cases.ConclusionsUS‐guided CTR with the MANOS CTR device appears to be a safe technique and successful in confirming complete release. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:362–366, 2013.
Pharmacokinetics of pterostilbene in Sprague‐Dawley rats: The impacts of aqueous solubility, fasting, dose escalation, and dosing route on bioavailability
Authors: Yeo Samuel Chao Ming , Ho Paul C. , Lin Hai‐Shu 
Published: February 2013

ScopePterostilbene (trans‐3,5‐dimethoxy‐4'‐hydroxystilbene, PTS) possesses various health‐promoting effects. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of aqueous solubility, fasting, dose escalation, and dosing route on its bioavailability in Sprague‐Dawley rats.Methods and resultsUpon intravenous administration (2.5 mg/kg), PTS had rapid clearance (Cl = 68.2 ± 9.8 mL/min/kg) and moderate terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2λz = 93.9 ± 22.3 min). Dose‐escalation led to about twofold decline in clearance at the dose of 25 mg/kg (Cl = 36.4±7.8 mL/min/kg). When given in oral suspension (15 mg/kg), PTS had relatively low bioavailability (F = 15.9 ± 7.8%) while fasting substantially attenuated its bioavailability (F< 5.5 %). However, when dosed in a solution formulated with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) (15 mg/kg), PTS possessed good bioavailability (F = 59.2 ± 19.6%). Dose escalation resulted in about twofold increase in bioavailability at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Sublingual delivery (2.5 mg/kg) led to rapid absorption and moderate bioavailability (F = 25.8 ± 13.1%). Statistical comparison clearly indicated that the pharmacokinetics of PTS was more favorable than resveratrol.ConclusionAqueous solubility was identified as a barrier to its oral bioavailability while solubilizing PTS with HP‐β‐CD substantially increased its bioavailability; dose manipulation was a practical strategy to enhance its bioavailability and systemic exposure; and its delivery through oral mucosa was feasible. As PTS possessed superior pharmacokinetics, it is a favorable candidate for further development.
In vivo precision of the GE iDXA for the assessment of total body composition and fat distribution in severely obese patients
Authors: Carver Tamara E. , Christou Nicholas V. , Andersen Ross E. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the precision of the iDXA for total body composition and fat distribution measurements in severely obese patients.Design and MethodsSixty‐five severely obese participants with a mean age of 46 ± 11years, BMI of 49 ± 6 kg/m2, and a mean body mass of 137.3 ± 20.9 kg took part in this investigation. Two consecutive iDXA scans with repositioning of the total body were conducted for each participant. The coefficient of variation (CV), the root‐mean‐square (RMS) averages of standard deviations of repeated measurements, the corresponding 95% least significant change, and Intraclass Correlations (ICC) were calculated.ResultsPrecision expressed as % CV, for total body bone mineral content, fat free mass, total body fat, total body lean, and % total body fat were 1.08%, 0.94%, 0.90%, 1.00%, 0.79%, respectively. Precision was 1.44% for gynoid fat distribution and 1.64% for android fat (AF) distribution. The ICCs in all DXA measurements were 0.99 with % AF having the lowest at 0.96.ConclusionsThe GE Lunar iDXA™ demonstrated excellent precision for total body composition assessments and is the first study to assess reproducibility in severely obese individuals.