bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Heart Rate Changes Associated with Levalbuterol and Racemic Albuterol in Pediatric Cardiology Patients
Authors: Kelly Anne , Kennedy Audrey , John Barnabas M , Duane Blythe , Lemanowicz Jack , Little Jeff 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no data exist regarding the effect of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol on heart rate in pediatric cardiology patients. OBJECTIVE To compare heart rate change in pediatric cardiology patients receiving levalbuterol and/or racemic albuterol. The secondary objective was to identify characteristics associated with heart rate changes observed with these drugs. METHODS A review of electronic medical records at a pediatric academic hospital was conducted to determine the equivalence of heart rate change in patients receiving levalbuterol or racemic albuterol. Patients receiving at least 3 doses of levalbuterol and/or racemic albuterol during the study period were included if they were younger than 18 years and had a diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), cardiomyopathy, or supraventricular tachycardia. Patients were excluded if they received a β-blocker or continuous racemic albuterol or did not have documented pre- and postdose heart rates. RESULTS One hundred ninety-two patients were included. One hundred forty-two received racemic albuterol, 40 received levalbuterol, and 10 received both racemic albuterol and levalbuterol. The mean increase in heart rate for patients receiving racemic albuterol and levalbuterol was 6.8 beats/min and 6.2 beats/min, respectively (p = 0.01). In patients with CHD, the racemic albuterol group experienced a mean heart rate increase of 6.6 beats/min compared to 6.3 beats/min in the levalbuterol group (p = 0.01). Equivalence was also determined in patients without surgical intervention and patients receiving concomitant cardiac and respiratory medications. Equivalence was not established in other analyzed subgroups secondary to insufficient sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS Racemic albuterol and levalbuterol were associated with increased heart rate in pediatric cardiology patients. This increase was found to be equivalent.
The Death and Second Life of the Harpsichord
Authors: Johnson Edmond 
Published: April 2013

Though far from being the only historical instrument to receive renewed attention during the decades surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, the harpsichord holds a special place in the history of the early music revival. No other instrument played as visible—or, perhaps, as controversial—a role in popularizing musical activities during the revival. As a large and visually distinctive presence, the harpsichord has a tendency to garner attention wherever it appears, whether in a museum case or on the concert hall stage. In this article I explore the harpsichord’s nineteenth-century “death” and its subsequent revival—the two periods of its history that have been most neglected. By reexamining the ways in which the harpsichord was portrayed in both words and images, I show that the instrument’s eventual acceptance in the twentieth century was far from being a fait accompli but depended largely on an extensive and deliberate renegotiation of both its image and its cultural identity.
In the first half of the article I explore the harpsichord’s nineteenth-century existence as an evocative emblem of a vanished past: an instrument turned relic that was frequently laden with supernatural literary tropes and ghostly imagery. In the second section I examine the instrument’s revival, focusing on the ways in which the harpsichord was brought before modern audiences, ultimately in a form that was heavily reengineered and reconfigured. Indeed, in its journey from museum piece to modern musical instrument the harpsichord underwent a marked transformation of both form and character. The process involved a gradual rejection of much of the cultural baggage the harpsichord had accrued during its long dormancy in the nineteenth century and resulted in a transformation that ultimately won it a place in the modern musical world.
Klingende Buchstaben
Authors: Segall Christopher 
Published: April 2013

Many composers have incorporated monograms into their music, using pitch letters to spell out words and names. Alfred Schnittke's monogram technique pervades his works from the 1970s until the end of his career. He derived cryptograms from the names of performer-dedicatees, influential composers, and recently deceased friends, using a systematic procedure that accounts in some way for every possible letter in a given name. Although previous scholars have identified individual monograms in some works, the broader principles by which Schnittke generated and deployed his monograms had not been articulated until now. Many of Schnittke's monograms thus remained unidentified, and the ways in which they interact with twelve-tone technique had not been fully understood.
Schnittke appropriated the well-known B–A–C–H and D–S–C–H monograms frequently, but other monograms appear in more than a dozen works. He derived monograms for Russian names from their German transliterations. Schnittke adhered to a principle of chromatic complementation, often integrating monograms into statements of the complete aggregate of twelve pitch classes. I interpret Schnittke’s monogram technique as a facet of the composer’s memorializing impulse, by which he sought to establish in his music the deep connections he felt to the past and the important people in his life.
Adiponectin oligomers as potential indicators of adipose tissue improvement in obese subjects
Authors: De Rosa Anna , Monaco Maria Ludovica , Capasso Mario , Forestieri Pietro , Pilone Vincenzo , Nardelli Carmela , Buono Pasqualina , Daniele Aurora 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveAdiponectin is an adipocytokine that exerts beneficial effects on obesity and related disorders by two receptors (ADIPORs). Adiponectin is produced as a monomer that circulates in serum as different oligomers. The oligomerization state and the tissue expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs are linked to its biological activities. In this study, the levels of total adiponectin and its oligomers were evaluated in relation to obesity and surgical weight loss. The expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs was analyzed in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese patients.Design and methodsIn 25 obese patients and 44 age- and sex-matched controls, the serum levels of adiponectin and its oligomers were measured and compared by ELISA, western blotting, and gel filtration. The expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs in both adipose tissues was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting.ResultsThe amount of each adiponectin oligomer, including the monomer, increases after weight loss. The reduced circulating levels of adiponectin and its oligomers are not associated with the adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs.ConclusionsOur results suggest that in patients, adiposity is associated with the serum concentrations of adiponectin and its oligomers but not with adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs. In particular, the increase in adiponectin monomer levels could probably be related to the improvement of the whole-body energy metabolism then being involved in the improvement of adipose tissue function after weight loss. This work indicates the importance of assessing the whole adiponectin oligomeric profile as further potential indicators of adipose tissue functions in obesity.
Molecular and clinical analysis of a neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism case caused by a stop mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor extracellular domain representing in effect a human ‘knockout’
Authors: Ward D T , Mughal M Z , Ranieri M , Dvorak-Ewell M M , Valenti G , Riccardi D 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveLoss-of-function calcium-sensing receptor (CAR) mutations cause elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and hypercalcaemia. Although full Car deletion is possible in mice, most human CAR mutations result from a single amino acid substitution that maintains partial function. However, here, we report a case of neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) in which the truncated CaR lacks any transmembrane domain (CaRR392X), in effect a full CAR ‘knockout’.Case reportThe infant (daughter of distant cousins) presented with hypercalcaemia (5.5–6 mmol/l corrected calcium (2.15–2.65)) and elevated PTH concentrations (650–950 pmol/l (12–81)) together with skeletal demineralisation. NSHPT was confirmed by CAR gene sequencing (homozygous c.1174C-to-T mutation) requiring total parathyroidectomy during which only two glands were located and removed, resulting in normalisation of her serum PTH/calcium levels.Design and methodsThe R392X stop codon was inserted into human CAR and the resulting mutant (CaRR392X) expressed transiently in HEK-293 cells.ResultsCaRR392X expressed as a 54 kDa dimeric glycoprotein that was undetectable in conditioned medium or in the patient's urine. The membrane localisation observed for wild-type CaR in parathyroid gland and transfected HEK-293 cells was absent from the proband's parathyroid gland and from CaRR392X-transfected cells. Expression of the mutant was localised to endoplasmic reticulum consistent with its lack of functional activity.ConclusionsIntriguingly, the patient remained normocalcaemic throughout childhood (2.5 mM corrected calcium, 11 pg/ml PTH (10–71), age 8 years) but exhibited mild asymptomatic hypocalcaemia at age 10 years, now treated with 1-hydroxycholecalciferol and Ca2+ supplementation. Despite representing a virtual CAR knockout, the patient displays no obvious pathologies beyond her calcium homeostatic dysfunction.
Nonionic Electrophoretic Sorting of SWCNTs into Metallic and Semiconducting Tubes
Authors: Johns Kiley A. , Koontz Katie J. , Ma Danhao , Carruba Kathryn J. , Adu Kofi W. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe present our preliminary results on a novel technique to electrophoretically sort singlewall carbon nanotubes into metallic and semiconducting tubes using a free-solution nonionic surfactant in a homemade electrophoretic vertical cell. The technique is used to sort purified commercial product SWCNTs, (Thomas Swan Elicarb) into metallic and semiconducting tubes. In contrast to onventional electrophoresis techniques, which takes more than 24 hours to obtain efficient separation, our approach takes ∼ 6 hours to achieve efficient separation, which reduces the separation time by four fold. Characterization of the sorted tubes with micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis shows very strong enrichment of both metallic and semiconducting tubes.
Optoelectronic properties of graphene-MoS2 hybrid
Authors: Padmanabhan Medini , Roy Kallol , Goswami Srijit , Sai T. Phanindra , Ramalingam Gopalakrishnan , Kaushal Sanjeev , Raghavan Srinivasan , Ghosh Arindam 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTUltra-thin flakes of layered materials have recently been attracting widespread research interest due to their exotic properties. In this work, we study the optoelectronic response of a hybrid of two such materials – graphene and MoS2. Our devices consist of mechanically exfoliated graphene flakes transferred on top of similarly exfoliated MoS2. The electrical response of the hybrid is studied in the presence of white light. We show that the four-point resistance of graphene is modulated in the presence of light. This effect is observed to be a strong function of gate voltage. We have also extended our studies to CVD (chemical vapor deposition) - grown graphene transferred onto MoS2 which show qualitatively similar features, thereby attesting to the scalability of the device architecture.
Laser-Induced Transient Structural Changes in Ag(111) Studied by Time Resolved X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Er Ali Oguz , Chen Jie , Rentzepis Peter M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe transient lattice changes on the Ag(111) crystal due to acoustic wave propagation after excitation with femtosecond pulses was studied by means of time resolved X-ray diffraction. The lattice disorder after UV irradiation is detected by changes of the XRD rocking curve shift, broadening, and total diffraction intensity as a function of time. We have observed a blast force formed within two picoseconds after fs UV irradiation. Experimental results show an initial lattice contraction followed by lattice expansion that propagates with sound velocity.
Computational modeling of radiation-induced segregation in concentrated binary alloys
Authors: Dubey Santosh , El-Azab Anter 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA sharp-interface model to study radiation-induced segregation in binary alloy has been developed. This model is based on a set of reaction-diffusion equations for the point defect and atomic species concentrations, with a stochastic, spatially-resolved, discrete defect generation terms representing the cascade damage. An important feature of this model, which is significantly different from the way radiation-induced segregation has been studied in the past, is that the role of the boundaries as defect sinks has been ensured by defining defect-boundary interactions via a set of reaction boundary conditions. Defining defect-boundary interactions in this way makes it possible to capture the process of segregation as a consequence of boundary motion. The model is tested in 2D for Cu-Au solid solution with the material surface being free to move. The Gear method has been used to solve the reaction-diffusion equations. Enrichment of Cu and depletion of Au have been observed near to the boundaries.
Non-equilibrium Growth Processes of Porous TiO2 Nanocrystal-films during Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors: Umezu Ikurou , Yagi Nobuyasu , Sugimura Akira , Yoshida Takehito 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe performed pulsed laser ablation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) target in O2 background gas. Effects of background gas pressure and substrate target distance on the structure of deposited films are clarified. The hierarchical structures are observed when we change scale of observation. The film deposited on the substrate is composed of primary nanocrystal and secondary porous-aggregated-nanostructures. The primary nanocrystal changes from anatase to rutile phase with increasing background gas pressure or substrate target distance. The porosity of secondary aggregated structure increases with increasing background gas pressure or substrate target distance. The similarity between the effects of background gas and substrate target distance indicates that confinement of the plume between target and substrate is important for structural formation. The non-equilibrium aggregation processes of nanocrystals in the plume and on the substrate are essential for the hierarchical structure of the nanocrystal film.
Modeling the strength and ductility of magnesium alloys containing nanotwins
Authors: Gorti S.B. , Radhakrishnan B. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTMagnesium alloys have been receiving much attention recently as potential lightweight alternatives to steel for automotive and other applications, but the poor formability of these alloys at low temperatures has limited their widespread adoption for automotive applications. Recent work with face centered cubic (FCC) materials has shown that introduction of twins at the nanometer scale in ultra-fine grained FCC polycrystals can provide significant increase in strength with a simultaneous improvement in ductility. This objective of this work is to explore the feasibility of extending this concept to hexagonal close packed (HCP) materials, with particular focus on using this approach to increase both strength and ductility of magnesium alloys. A crystal plasticity based finite element (CPFE) model is used to study the effect of varying the crystallographic texture and the spacing between the nanoscale twins on the strength and ductility of HCP polycrystals. Deformation of the material is assumed to occur by crystallographic slip, and in addition to the basal and prismatic slip systems, slip is also assumed to occur on the {1 0 $\bar 1$ 1} planes that are associated with compression twins in these materials. The slip system strength of the pyramidal systems containing the nanotwins is assumed to be much lower than the strength of the other systems, which is assumed to scale with the spacing between the nanotwins. The CPFE model is used to compute the stress-strain response for different microstrucrutral parameters, and a criterion based on a critical slip system shear strain and a critical hydrostatic stress is used to compute the limiting strength and ductility, with the ultimate goal of identifying the texture and nanotwin spacing that can lead to the optimum values for these parameters.
The Mechanics and Stability of Gold Nanoparticle-Oligo-Ligand-DNA Systems
Authors: McLaughlin Letisha A. , Zikry Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSystems in which DNA is adsorbed onto gold nanoparticles have the potential for applications in gene regulation therapies, drug delivery, sensing, and DNA scaffolding. However, the mechanical stability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and interfacial behavior between the gold nanoparticles and thiol ligands are not well understood or quantified. The stability of DNA-AuNP) systems is, therefore, examined using a large-scale specialized finite-element approach with a dislocation-density based crystalline plasticity framework to model the AuNPs and an elastic description to model thiol ligands, DNA, and the ionic solution. For compressive loading conditions, the system exhibited morphological instabilities in the nanoparticles, as well as high stress and dislocation-density gradients at the thiol-nanoparticle attachment sites, which can affect system stability and attachment strength.
Pentagate Approach to Reduce the Line Edge Roughness Effects in Bulk Si Tri-gate Transistors
Authors: Akbulut Mustafa B. , Silva Helena , Gokirmak Ali 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAccumulated body [1] approach to mitigate the effects of line edge roughness on bulk silicon finFETs and tri-gate FETs is analyzed through 3D TCAD simulations. A side-gate surrounding the body portion of the FET is used to accumulate the body with majority carriers. This approach is predicted to reduce device-to-device variability due to line edge roughness by stronger accumulation of the body in the wider sections of the channel and confinement of the channel away from the edges.
3D Facial Morphometry in Children with Oral Clefts
Authors: Bugaighis I. , Mattick C.R. , Tiddeman B. , Hobson R. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize three-dimensional (3D) facial morphological variation of children with cleft lip and palate compared to an age- and sex-matched control group. Design Cross-sectional, case-controlled observational morphometric study. Materials and Methods Subjects were 103 children aged 8 to 12 years old with cleft lip and palate—40 with unilateral cleft lip and palate, 23 with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus, 19 with bilateral cleft lip and palate, and 21 with isolated cleft palate (ICP)—and 80 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Subjects were scanned using 3D stereophotogrammetry. Thirty-nine landmarks were digitized for each scan, and the x, y, and z coordinates for each landmark were extracted. Linear and angular facial measurements were computed. Multivariate analysis of covariance was undertaken to detect significant differences in facial morphometry between the groups. Results Statistically significant differences ( P < .05) were observed between all groups. The greatest morphometrical impact was seen in those groups where both lip and palate were affected and repaired; the group with ICP was the most similar to the control subjects. Conclusions Significant differences were seen in 3D soft-tissue measurements, mainly in the nasolabial region, between the cleft groups where the lip is affected and the ICP and control groups.
Visual Disability: Causes and Implications on Patients’ Daily Living
Authors: Ayanniyi Abdulkabir A , Fadamiro Christianah O , Olatunji Fatai O , Hassan Mustafa B , Adkoya Bola J , Owoeye Joshua F , Uyanne Isaac A 
Published: April 2013

Objective: To determine the causes and implications of visual disability (VD) on patients’ daily living. Methods: A cross section survey of 130 visually disabled (vd) Nigerians on visually related basic life activities, psychology and emotion in 2008. Both structured interview and relevant clinical examination were conducted for the vd to gather the necessary information. Results: VD was due mainly to cataract (82, 63.1%) and glaucoma (29, 22.3%). At least 78% of the causes of the VD were avoidable (treatable, curable). VD reduced/eliminated available manpower/workforce and increased the number of dependants. The most severely affected activities included driving, reading, threading a needle, but most vd could still cope with feeding and wearing of clothes. The activities missed most by the participants were appreciation of the beauty of nature, people/object recognition and reading. There was an association between the activities missed most and the vd levels of education (P=0.001) but not with gender (P=0.406). Most participants (85%) expressed sadness over VD and reported sadness had an association with educational levels (P=0.042) but not with gender (P=0.167). Though (97.7%) thought life was meaningless due to VD, all (100%) had hope in regaining normal vision. Most participants (82.3%) expressed sadness over dependence on the sighted for basic visual demanding tasks. Conclusion: Both cataract and glaucoma are leading causes of visual disability. Visual Disability diminishes quality of daily living and has economic, psychosocial and emotional implications. Renewed efforts towards preventing avoidable blindness and rehabilitating irreversibly blind will reduce the burden of vd. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.6842 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 21-29
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of the Aqueous Root Extract of Triclisia dictyophylla
Authors: Ajugwo Anslem O , Ezimah Anthony C , Awah Francis M , Mounbegna Philippe E , Azikiwe Celestine C 
Published: April 2013

Triclisia dictyophylla have been used traditionally for the treatment of different ailments. The root was therefore subjected to phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial/antifungal activity against some hospital-strain disease causing microorganisms. Standard methods were used for the phytochemical screening. The extract was subjected to antimicrobial/antifungal activity using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The sensitivity pattern was compared to that of ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and ofloxacin. Phytochemical analysis revealed mostly alkaloids and protein while tannins, glycoside and saponin were revealed in trace (+) amounts. The extract showed a good antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sputum and on E. coli from both urine and sputum with no antifungal activity. The extract contains active components which could be harnessed for formulation of antibiotics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.7846 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 15-20