bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought Adaptation and Climate Change Beliefs among Working Ranchers in Montana
Authors: Yung Laurie , Phear Nicky , DuPont Alayna , Montag Jess , Murphy Daniel 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Agricultural producers may be particularly vulnerable to climate impacts, such as drought. To better understand how ranchers respond to ongoing drought and the relationship between climate change beliefs and drought adaptation, in-depth interviews with working ranchers were conducted. Ranchers described drought conditions as unprecedented and detailed the interacting impacts of drought and nonclimatic stressors. They viewed adaptation as critical and employed a wide range of responses to drought, but lack of financial resources, risks associated with change, local social norms, and optimism about future moisture created barriers to change. Most ranchers attributed drought to natural cycles and were skeptical about anthropogenic climate change. Many ranchers likened current drought conditions to past droughts, concluding that conditions would return to “normal.” A belief in natural cycles provided a sense of hope for some ranchers but felt immutable to others, reducing their sense of agency and efficacy. Taken together, climate skepticism, optimism about future conditions, lack of financial resources, and a limited sense of agency might be reducing investments in long-term adaptation. However, the relationship between climate change beliefs and adaptation action was not entirely clear, since the handful of ranchers adapting in anticipation of long-term drought were skeptical or uncertain about anthropogenic climate change. Further, most ranchers characterized adaptation as an individual endeavor and resisted government involvement in drought adaptation. In the context of climate skepticism and antigovernment sentiment, strategies to scale up adaptation efforts beyond the household will only succeed to the extent that they build on local norms and ideologies.
Using the Pool Activity Level instrument to support meaningful activity for a person with dementia: A case study
Authors: Dudzinski Emma 
Published: September 2015

Statement of context Activity participation is beneficial for the wellbeing of people with dementia; however, care staff and caregivers experience difficulties with facilitating activity for this client group. Critical reflection on practice This practice analysis outlines the therapy process conducted by an occupational therapist using the Pool Activity Level instrument, to support meaningful activity for a person with dementia, in an acute inpatient environment. Implications for practice The Pool Activity Level instrument enables people with dementia to engage in meaningful activity. Occupational therapists are well positioned to integrate this tool within daily care, to enable all staff and caregivers to engage alongside a person with dementia in activity at an appropriate level.
Biomechanical comparison of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and PTFE interpositional patches and direct tendon-to-bone repair for massive rotator cuff tears in an ovine model
Authors: McKeown Andrew DJ , Beattie Rebekah F , Murrell George AC , Lam Patrick H 
Published: September 2015

Background Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears are a difficult problem. Modalities such as irrigation and debridement, partial repair, tendon transfer and grafts have been utilized with high failure rates and mixed results. Synthetic interpositional patch repairs are a novel and increasingly used approach. The present study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of common synthetic materials for interpositional repairs in contrast to native tendon. Methods Six ovine tendons, six polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) felt sections and six expanded PTFE (ePTFE) patch sections were pulled-to-failure to analyze their biomechanical and material properties. Six direct tendon-to-bone surgical method repairs, six interpositional PTFE felt patch repairs and six interpositional ePTFE patch repairs were also constructed in ovine shoulders and pulled-to-failure to examine the biomechanical properties of each repair construct. Results Ovine tendon had higher load-to-failure (591 N) and had greater stiffness (108 N/mm) than either PTFE felt (296 N, 28 N/mm) or ePTFE patch sections (323 N, 34 N/mm). Both PTFE felt and ePTFE repair techniques required greater load-to-failure (225 N and 177 N, respectively) than direct tendon-to-bone surgical repairs (147 N) in ovine models. Conclusions Synthetic materials lacked several biomechanical properties, including strength and stiffness, compared to ovine tendon. Interpositional surgical repair models with these materials were significantly stronger than direct tendon-to-bone model repairs.
Daily estimation of the severity of organ dysfunctions in critically ill children by using the PELOD-2 score
Authors: Leteurtre Stéphane , Duhamel Alain , Deken Valérie , Lacroix Jacques , Leclerc Francis ,   on behalf of the Groupe Francophone de Réanimation et Urgences Pédiatriques (GFRUP)
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Daily or serial evaluation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) scores may provide useful information. We aimed to validate the daily (d) PELOD-2 score using the set of seven days proposed with the previous version of the score.

Methods
In all consecutive patients admitted to nine pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) we prospectively measured the dPELOD-2 score at day 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 18. PICU mortality was used as the outcome dependent variable. The discriminant power of the dPELOD-2 scores was estimated using the area under the ROC curve and the calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test. We used a logistic regression to investigate the relationship between the dPELOD-2 scores and outcome, and between the change in PELOD-2 score from day1 and outcome.

Results
We included 3669 patients (median age 15.5 months, mortality rate 6.1 %, median length of PICU stay 3 days). Median dPELOD-2 scores were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (p < 0.0001). The dPELOD-2 score was available at least at day 2 in 2057 patients: among the 796 patients without MODS on day1, 186 (23.3 %) acquired the syndrome during their PICU stay (mortality 4.9 % vs. 0.3 % among the 610 who did not; p < 0.0001). Among the1261 patients with MODS on day1, the syndrome worsened in 157 (12.4 %) and remained unchanged or improved in 1104 (87.6 %) (mortality 22.9 % vs. 6.6 %; p < 0.0001). The AUC of the dPELOD-2 scores ranged from 0.75 (95 % CI: 0.67-0.83) to 0.89 (95 % CI: 0.86-0.91). The calibration was good with a chi-square test between 13.5 (p = 0.06) and 0.9 (p = 0.99). The PELOD-2 score on day1 was a significant prognostic factor; the serial evaluation of the change in the dPELOD-2 score from day1, adjusted for baseline value, demonstrated a significant odds ratio of death for each of the 7 days.

Conclusion
This study suggests that the progression of the severity of organ dysfunctions can be evaluated by measuring the dPELOD-2 score during a set of 7 days in PICU, providing useful information on outcome in critically ill children. Its external validation would be useful.
Discordant identification of pediatric severe sepsis by research and clinical definitions in the SPROUT international point prevalence study
Authors: Weiss Scott L. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Maffei Frank A. , Kane Jason M. , Rodriguez-Nunez Antonio , Hsing Deyin D. , Franzon Deborah , Kee Sze Ying , Bush Jenny L. , Roy Jason A. , Thomas Neal J. , Nadkarni Vinay M. ,   for the SPROUT Study Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Consensus criteria for pediatric severe sepsis have standardized enrollment for research studies. However, the extent to which critically ill children identified by consensus criteria reflect physician diagnosis of severe sepsis, which underlies external validity for pediatric sepsis research, is not known. We sought to determine the agreement between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria to identify pediatric patients with severe sepsis across a network of international pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).

Methods
We conducted a point prevalence study involving 128 PICUs in 26 countries across 6 continents. Over the course of 5 study days, 6925 PICU patients <18 years of age were screened, and 706 with severe sepsis defined either by physician diagnosis or on the basis of 2005 International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference consensus criteria were enrolled. The primary endpoint was agreement of pediatric severe sepsis between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria as measured using Cohen’s κ. Secondary endpoints included characteristics and clinical outcomes for patients identified using physician diagnosis versus consensus criteria.

Results
Of the 706 patients, 301 (42.6 %) met both definitions. The inter-rater agreement (κ ± SE) between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria was 0.57 ± 0.02. Of the 438 patients with a physician’s diagnosis of severe sepsis, only 69 % (301 of 438) would have been eligible to participate in a clinical trial of pediatric severe sepsis that enrolled patients based on consensus criteria. Patients with physician-diagnosed severe sepsis who did not meet consensus criteria were younger and had lower severity of illness and lower PICU mortality than those meeting consensus criteria or both definitions. After controlling for age, severity of illness, number of comorbid conditions, and treatment in developed versus resource-limited regions, patients identified with severe sepsis by physician diagnosis alone or by consensus criteria alone did not have PICU mortality significantly different from that of patients identified by both physician diagnosis and consensus criteria.

Conclusions
Physician diagnosis of pediatric severe sepsis achieved only moderate agreement with consensus criteria, with physicians diagnosing severe sepsis more broadly. Consequently, the results of a research study based on consensus criteria may have limited generalizability to nearly one-third of PICU patients diagnosed with severe sepsis.
Safety and Antitumor Activity of Anti–PD-1 Antibody, Nivolumab, in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki , Ikeda Takafumi , Minami Manabu , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Murayama Toshinori , Kanai Masashi , Mori Yukiko , Matsumoto Shigemi , Chikuma Shunsuke , Matsumura Noriomi , Abiko Kaoru , Baba Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Ken , Ueda Akihiko , Hosoe Yuko , Morita Satoshi , Yokode Masayuki , Shimizu Akira , Honjo Tasuku , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: September 2015

PurposeProgrammed death-1 (PD-1), a coinhibitory immune signal receptor expressed in T cells, binds to PD-1 ligand and regulates antitumor immunity. Nivolumab is an anti–PD-1 antibody that blocks PD-1 signaling. We assessed the safety and antitumor activity of nivolumab in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.Patients and MethodsTwenty patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer were treated with an intravenous infusion of nivolumab every 2 weeks at a dose of 1 or 3 mg/kg (constituting two 10-patient cohorts) from October 21, 2011. This phase II trial defined the primary end point as the best overall response. Patients received up to six cycles (four doses per cycle) of nivolumab treatment or received doses until disease progression occurred. Twenty nivolumab-treated patients were evaluated at the end of the trial on December 7, 2014.ResultsGrade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in eight (40%) of 20 patients. Two patients had severe adverse events. In the 20 patients in whom responses could be evaluated, the best overall response was 15%, which included two patients who had a durable complete response (in the 3-mg/kg cohort). The disease control rate in all 20 patients was 45%. The median progression-free survival time was 3.5 months (95% CI, 1.7 to 3.9 months), and the median overall survival time was 20.0 months (95% CI, 7.0 months to not reached) at study termination.ConclusionThis study, to our knowledge, is the first to explore the effects of nivolumab against ovarian cancer. The encouraging safety and clinical efficacy of nivolumab in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer indicate the merit of additional large-scale investigations (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000005714).
Feasibility of Preoperative Chemotherapy With or Without Radiation Therapy in Localized Soft Tissue Sarcomas of Limbs and Superficial Trunk in the Italian Sarcoma Group/Grupo Español de Investigación en Sarcomas Randomized Clinical Trial: Three Versus Five Cycles of Full-Dose Epirubicin Plus Ifosfamide
Authors: Palassini Elena , Ferrari Stefano , Verderio Paolo , De Paoli Antonino , Martin Broto Javier , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Comandone Alessandro , Sangalli Claudia , Palmerini Emanuela , Lopez-Pousa Antonio , De Sanctis Rita , Bottelli Stefano , Libertini Michela , Picci Piero , Casali Paolo G. , Gronchi Alessandro 
Published: September 2015

Purpose We report on feasibility of preoperative chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy (RT) in the context of a phase III randomized clinical trial involving localized, high-risk, soft tissue sarcomas. Patients and Methods Of 321 eligible patients, 161 were randomly assigned to three preoperative cycles of epirubicin 120 mg/m2 plus ifosfamide 9 g/m2, and 160 were randomly assigned to three preoperative plus two postoperative cycles. Among them, 303 patients were included in this analysis; 169 were male and 134 were female, with a median age of 48 years (range, 15 to 79 years). One hundred fifty-two patients received concurrent RT preoperatively at a total dose of 44 to 50 Gy. Preoperative chemotherapy-related hematologic toxicity and early postoperative complications were reported. The influence of RT, age, and sex on hematologic grade 3 or 4 toxicities and wound complications was analyzed. Chemotherapeutic dose intensity (DI) was analyzed. Results Among the patients, 61.4%, 22.4%, and 23.8% experienced, grade 4 leucopenia, grade 3 or 4 anemia, and grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, respectively. Respective rates were 66.4%, 24.3%, and 31.6% when RT was added preoperatively, and 56.3%, 20.5%, and 15.9% when preoperative chemotherapy was administered alone. Patient age affected grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia. Grade 4 leucopenia and grade 3 or 4 anemia presented 2.5 times more frequently in female patients than in male patients. Wound complications were observed in 13.5% of patients: 17% with preoperative RT and 10% without. Chemotherapeutic DI was greater than 90%, even in patients receiving preoperative RT and in patients age 65 years or older. Conclusion This preoperative chemotherapy is feasible and can also be proposed for selected elderly patients. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was common, but DI was excellent. Concurrent preoperative RT is safe, although an increased rate of grade 4 thrombocytopenia and limited increase in wound complications may be observed.
Graphene Oxide as a Heterogeneous Reagent Promoted Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,3-Benzazoles in Water
Authors: Khalili Dariush , Banazadeh Ali Reza 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An efficient chemical method for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzoxazoles has been developed through the condensation of various aldehydes with o-phenylenediamine, o-aminothiophenol, and o-aminophenol using graphene oxide (GO) as an oxidant in water. These benzazoles are also prepared through a one-pot oxidation/condensation tandem process by reacting alcohols with 2-amino(thio)phenol/aniline in the presence of GO in poly(ethylene glycol) as a safe media. Moreover, this carbonaceous material could be readily separated using a simple filtration.
Interlocking Folded Plate – Integral Mechanical Attachment for Structural Wood Panels
Authors: Robeller Christopher , Weinand Yves 
Published: September 2015

Automatic joinery has become a common technique for the jointing of beams in timber framing and roofing. It has revived traditional, integral joints such as mortise and tenon connections. Similarly, but only recently, the automatic fabrication of traditional cabinetmaking joints has been introduced for the assembly of timber panel shell structures. First prototypes have used such integrated joints for the alignment and assembly of components, while additional adhesive bonding was used for the load-bearing connection. However, glued joints cannot be assembled on site, which results in several design constraints. In this paper, we propose the use of dovetail joints without adhesive bonding, on the case study of a timber folded plate structure. Through their single-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) geometry, these joints block the relative movement of two parts in all but one direction. This presents the opportunity for an interlocking connection of plates, as well as a challenge for the assembly of folded plate shells, where multiple non-parallel edges per plate must be jointed simultaneously.
Segmental Timber Plate Shell for the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall in Schwäbisch Gmünd—the Application of Finger Joints in Plate Structures
Authors: Li Jian-Min , Knippers Jan 
Published: September 2015

Segmental plate shells are an interesting option for the design and construction of cost-effective shell structures. They are composed of prefabricated segmental plates that are joined together to become an integral structure that generates a shell action and transfers external loads into membrane forces. However, connections between segmental plates nearly always weaken shell structures as they disturb the material continuity and thus their stiffness. The application of finger joint connections can effectively increase the in-plane stiffness and thus makes plate shell structures stiffer and stronger. Moreover, they attract more forces to flow through the connection in the form of in-plane shears instead of axial forces and thus reduce the load in the axial direction of a connection. As a result, the application of finger joints allows a lighter axial joint design with smaller screw diameters, which is preferred in a thin timber plate structure. The paper presents the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall as a successful demonstrator for segmental timber plate shells and highlights the design of the finger joint connections.
Design Constraints for Linear Folded Stripes
Authors: Maleczek Rupert , Genevaux Chloe 
Published: September 2015

In contrast to the common use of folding as surface approach, the work presented here explores its use for reticular structures. The focuses are reticular structures made from linear folded stripes that create a wide variety of forms. The strategy of linear folded stripes has been intensively investigated and described since a few years. This article will give a compact overview on the different sub-systems and their classifications as well as a description on the underlying design strategies in order to give designers a guideline for potential applications. As a preamble a short description on linear folded stripes, and some general constraints in this particular system, the relation between the stripe generation and an underlying line network will be given here. After this condense introduction relations and approaches constraint to fabrication issues will be discussed to show the actual development of this system towards a construction relevant one. As the “technical human made nature” is producing most materials either in rectangular plates, linear strings with multiple section profiles, or in very small pieces, one motivation for the investigation on this particular system is the efficient use of plate material by minimizing the produced offcuts working with rectangular stripes. The folding strategy presented here can be seen as a combination of three different phenomena namely folding, the work with stripes of sheet material and a simple assembly strategy. The authors will give a summary of approaches as well as a classification method that covers all potential possible structures consisting of linear folded stripes.
Estimation of Economic Efficiency of Educational Activities in Universities
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid 
Published: September 2015

The work is dedicated to the creation of methods of economic efficiency of the
educational activities of universities and the effectiveness of ongoing training
programs. Marginal analysis allows evaluating the cost-effectiveness of
educational activity of the university departments and assessing the costeffectiveness
of implemented educational programs. The method identifies the
inefficient and unprofitable divisions and programs On the basis of this
assessment, measures need to be taken to reorganize inefficient operating
divisions, to improve or close inefficient and loss-making educational programs.
These measures may double the salaries of university teachers.
Impact of Human Capital, Science and Innovation on Labour Productivity in Russia
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: September 2015

A program and methodology of the empirical study of the effect of human
capital, science and innovation on productivity and economic growth are
exemplified on modern Russian economy. To identify and quantify the impact of
factors related to human capital, innovation, science, labor productivity in the
country and its regions the author proposes to build econometric models using
cross-sectional data of regional statistics. It makes possible to obtain data and
forecast sizes of elasticity of labor productivity on the factors connected with
the human capital, science and innovations, the country and its regions. This
will generate a reasonable economic policy, policy of education and science
aimed at economic growth.
Habits of Virtue: Creating Norms of Cooperation and Defection in the Laboratory
Authors: Peysakhovich Alexander , Rand David G. 
Published: September 2015

What explains variability in norms of cooperation across organizations and cultures? One answer comes from the tendency of individuals to internalize typically successful behaviors as norms. Different institutional structures can cause different behavioral norms to be internalized. These norms are then carried over into atypical situations beyond the reach of the institution. Here, we experimentally demonstrate such spillovers. First, we immerse subjects in environments that do or do not support cooperation using repeated prisoner’s dilemmas. Afterwards, we measure their intrinsic prosociality in one-shot games. Subjects from environments that support cooperation are more prosocial, more likely to punish selfishness, and more trusting in general. Furthermore, these effects are most pronounced among subjects who use heuristics, suggesting that intuitive processes play a key role in the spillovers we observe. Our findings help to explain variation in one-shot anonymous cooperation, linking this intrinsically motivated prosociality to the externally imposed institutional rules experienced in other settings.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2168 .This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.