bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saturated Fatty Acids Limit the Effects of Replacing Fish Oil with Soybean Oil with or without Phospholipid Supplementation in Feeds for Juvenile Cobia
Authors: Trushenski Jesse , Woitel Franklin , Schwarz Michael , Yamamoto Fernando 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The high cost and limited availability of fish oil makes plant-derived lipids attractive for aquafeed manufacturing, but replacing fish oil with these lipids can result in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) deficiencies. Fatty acid metabolism, specifically the efficiency of LC-PUFA utilization, may be influenced by the dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) content versus that of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We assessed the growth and tissue composition of Cobia Rachycentron canadum (55.3 ± 0.2 g initial weight [mean ± SE]; 10 fish/tank, 3 tanks/diet) fed diets (∼49% protein, ∼10% lipid) containing fish oil; 22:6(n-3)–amended standard, partially hydrogenated, or fully hydrogenated soybean oil; and these same soybean oils supplemented with soybean lecithin for 8 weeks. Although survival (range = 97–100%), final weight (160–189 g), and feed conversion ratio (1.40–1.52) were unaffected by diet, differences were observed in weight gain (185–241%), specific growth rate (1.87–2.19% body weight/d), and feed intake (2.94–3.44% body weight/d). Significant effects of soybean oil type on final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and feed intake were noted, with standard soybean oil generally outperforming the other soybean lipids when oil types were pooled across phospholipid supplementation treatments, whereas phospholipid supplementation had no significant effect on any of the performance measures. Differences in dietary fatty acid profile yielded differences in tissue composition. Feeding standard soybean oil resulted in the most greatly modified profiles, whereas the profiles of fish fed fully hydrogenated, completely saturated soybean oil were most similar to those of the fish oil–fed fish. The magnitude of profile change was greatest in the liver and fillet tissues and smallest in the eye and brain tissues. Although further research is necessary to demonstrate whether SFA-rich lipids can effectively reduce the LC-PUFA requirements of Cobia, it is clear that SFA-rich oils offer a strategic advantage in minimizing the effects of fish oil replacement on tissue fatty acid profile.
PathVisio-Faceted Search: an exploration tool for multi-dimensional navigation of large pathways
Authors: Fried Jake Y. , van Iersel Martijn P. , Aladjem Mirit I. , Kohn Kurt W. , Luna Augustin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The PathVisio-Faceted Search plugin helps users explore and understand complex pathways by overlaying experimental data and data from webservices, such as Ensembl BioMart, onto diagrams drawn using formalized notations in PathVisio. The plugin then provides a filtering mechanism, known as a faceted search, to find and highlight diagram nodes (e.g. genes and proteins) of interest based on imported data. The tool additionally provides a flexible scripting mechanism to handle complex queries.
Availability: The PathVisio-Faceted Search plugin is compatible with PathVisio 3.0 and above. PathVisio is compatible with Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. The plugin, documentation, example diagrams and Groovy scripts are available at http://PathVisio.org/wiki/PathVisioFacetedSearchHelp. The plugin is free, open-source and licensed by the Apache 2.0 License.
Contact: augustin@mail.nih.gov or jakeyfried@gmail.com
Placement of an Intrathecal Catheter Through a Bony Fusion Mass Using 3D Image Guidance
Authors: Candler Shawn A. , Osborne Michael D. , Derr Michael J. , Nottmeier Eric W. 
Published: April 2013

Objective:
We describe the 3-dimensional (3D) image-guided placement technique for a lumbar intrathecal catheter through a dorsal fusion mass. This is the first time this technique has been reported. A patient with 6 prior spine surgeries and chronic pain syndrome presented with a challenging large dorsal fusion mass. The use of 3D cone beam computed tomography–based image guidance proved advantageous for the placement of an intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS).

Method:
Under general anesthesia, image guidance was accomplished with the Medtronic Stealth S7 image guidance system, used in conjunction with the O-ARM (Medtronic Inc.). Using an image-guided probe over the skin surface, we navigated the dorsal fusion mass to identify a thin area at the L4-L5 level. A small incision was made and the image-guided probe was used to target the selected thin area and drill an adequate opening in the fusion mass. We inserted a Tuohy needle through the bony defect for passage of the intrathecal catheter. We confirmed adequate catheter placement using free flowing cerebrospinal fluid and fluoroscopy. The remainder of the IDDS implant proceeded per routine.

Results:
The patient tolerated the procedure well and had no complications. The morphine IDDS improved his overall pain and function with minimal side effects.

Conclusions:
This is the first case report using 3D cone beam computed tomography–based image guidance for the placement of an intrathecal catheter through a bony fusion mass. This technique appears to be a viable option for IDDS implantation in patients with difficult anatomy.
Fecal S100A12
Authors: Däbritz Jan , Foell Dirk , Wirth Stefan , Jenke Andreas 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to determine whether longitudinal measurements of fecal S100A12, a damage‐associated molecular pattern protein, which is released from neutrophils or monocytes under stress, can detect very‐low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) infants at risk for intestinal distress apart from necrotizing enterocolitis.Methods:This prospective study included 46 VLBW infants with intestinal distress and 49 reference patients. Meconium and stool samples were collected prospectively on alternate days for 4 weeks, and fecal S100A12 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Gestational age and weight at birth were significantly lower in patients with intestinal distress when compared to unaffected reference infants. Median levels of fecal S100A12 were significantly higher in patients with intestinal distress at onset of disease and before compared with unaffected reference infants. Median levels of fecal S100A12 declined steadily to baseline levels within 2 weeks after disease onset. The ideal cutoff value for identifying patients with intestinal distress within 7 days before disease onset was 60 μg/kg (sensitivity 0.73; specificity 0.55).Conclusions:Fecal S100A12 levels are increased in VLBW infants with intestinal distress; however, the potential for S100A12 as an early biomarker is largely limited by overlaps between values of infants with intestinal distress and the reference population.
Veratrole Biosynthesis in White Campion
Authors: Akhtar Tariq A. , Pichersky Eran 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
White campion (Silene latifolia) is a dioecious plant that emits 1,2-dimethoxybenzene (veratrole), a potent pollinator attractant to the nocturnal moth Hadena bicruris. Little is known about veratrole biosynthesis, although methylation of 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), another volatile emitted from white campion flowers, has been proposed. Here, we explore the biosynthetic route to veratrole. Feeding white campion flowers with [13C9]l-phenylalanine increased guaiacol and veratrole emission, and a significant portion of these volatile molecules contained the stable isotope. When white campion flowers were treated with the phenylalanine ammonia lyase inhibitor 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid, guaiacol and veratrole levels were reduced by 50% and 63%, respectively. Feeding with benzoic acid (BA) or salicylic acid (SA) increased veratrole emission 2-fold, while [2H5]BA and [2H6]SA feeding indicated that the benzene ring of both guaiacol and veratrole is derived from BA via SA. We further report guaiacol O-methyltransferase (GOMT) activity in the flowers of white campion. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity, and the peptide sequence matched that encoded by a recently identified complementary DNA (SlGOMT1) from a white campion flower expressed sequence tag database. Screening of a small population of North American white campion plants for floral volatile emission revealed that not all plants emitted veratrole or possessed GOMT activity, and SlGOMT1 expression was only observed in veratrole emitters. Collectively these data suggest that veratrole is derived by the methylation of guaiacol, which itself originates from phenylalanine via BA and SA, and therefore implies a novel branch point of the general phenylpropanoid pathway.
Subordinate removal affects parental investment, but not offspring survival in a cooperative cichlid
Authors: Bruintjes Rick , Heg‐Bachar Zina , Heg Dik 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Subordinates in cooperative breeding systems may provide help to dominant pairs, who can benefit by either an increased total investment in their current brood or a reduced personal contribution to this investment. In the social cichlid Julidochromis ornatus, one large male subordinate generally spends 90% of his time in close proximity to the breeding shelter, whereas the dominants only spend 50% of their time close to the shelter.

We experimentally removed the large subordinate for 30 days (approximating one breeding cycle) to study the investment strategies of dominants and the effects on offspring survival, while accounting for subordinate immigration. Experimental groups were compared with control groups, from which subordinates were also caught but not removed. On day one following removal, we tested whether dominants overcompensated, fully compensated or undercompensated for absence of the subordinate on several parental behaviours. Moreover, we tested whether the pairs' potential compensatory behaviour remained high seven days following large subordinate removal.

One day following removal, dominants increased their time spent in the territory and their frequency of breeding shelter visits and defence, compared with the pre‐removal phase and control groups. The dominant pair overcompensated for the loss of subordinate help in their breeding shelter visits, fully compensated in defence and undercompensated their time spent in the territory. Seven days after large subordinate removal, behavioural differences between treatments had disappeared. However, when distinguishing between groups with or without a new immigrant subordinate, dominant pairs only diminished investment in the presence of an immigrant, suggesting a compensatory role of the large subordinate. Finally, survival of juvenile group members was not affected by the treatment.

Our experiments indicate that the presence of a large subordinate does not increase the dominant pairs' current reproductive success, but instead allows them to reduce their personal contribution to investment in the current brood. In addition, we illustrate that dominants may show strikingly different compensatory responses depending on the type of behaviour and emphasize the importance of immigrant subordinates to relieve dominants from costly compensatory responses in cooperative breeding systems.
Sports Mega-Events as Part of a Nation's Soft Power Strategy: The Cases of Germany (2006) and the UK (2012)
Authors: Grix Jonathan , Houlihan Barrie 
Published: April 2013

Research Highlights and Abstract The article discusses how states are increasingly using sports mega-events as part of their ‘soft power’ strategies The limited literature on ‘soft power’ and sports mega-events fails to either explain the concept and how it pertains to sport or provide examples that operationalize the concept empirically. Further research can build on the idea of sports mega-events being used for public diplomacy; the case of Germany, it could be argued, has led many ‘emerging’ states to seek to bid for and host such events. We show how the UK—with a very different international image to Germany prior to 2006—engage in a different manner in its ‘soft power’ strategy. Finally, the macro-level concept of ‘soft power’ offers at least a partial answer to the unanswered question (in the sports studies literature) of why states host sports ‘megas’. The potential positive impact on a nation's image has moved from being a welcome consequence to a significant justification for investing in hosting sports mega-events. Mobilising Joseph Nye's concept of ‘soft power’ we empirically investigate Germany's strategic use of a sports ‘mega’ (the 2006 FIFA World Cup) to successfully alter their image among ‘foreign publics'. We then analyse the example of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games for Britain's international prestige. For both cases we draw on and analyse official government documents and newspaper sources written before and after the Games. The findings reveal the stark contrast between Germany's and Britain's sport and ‘soft power’ strategies: the former undertook a long-term, well-planned and resourced approach to altering its poor international image; the latter appeared far less concerned about capitalising on the Olympics to enhance Britain's (seemingly robust) international image.
Salivary progesterone as a biochemical marker to predict early preterm birth in asymptomatic high‐risk women
Authors: Priya B , Mustafa MD , Guleria K , Vaid NB , Banerjee BD , Ahmed RS 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate salivary progesterone as a predictor of early preterm birth (PTB) and compare it with transvaginal sonographic (TVS) cervical length in asymptomatic high‐risk women.DesignProspective study.SettingDepartments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Biochemistry at UCMS & GTBH, Delhi, India.SampleNinety pregnant women.MethodsThe progesterone concentration in saliva of asymptomatic pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery was estimated by immunoassay, and cervical length was measured by TVS, at the first antenatal visit at 24–28 weeks of gestation, and then repeated 3–4 weeks later.Main outcome measuresEarly PTB, mean and critical cut‐off values of salivary progesterone, and a diagnostic value comparison of salivary progesterone with TVS cervical length.ResultsThe mean value of salivary progesterone was significantly lower in all women who delivered at <37 weeks of gestation (n = 38), compared with the term group (n = 52; P < 0.001). Salivary progesterone decreased significantly from the first to the second visit, with the maximum decrease observed in women who delivered at <34 weeks of gestation (29.6%, 95% CI 17.8–41.4%, P < 0.002). The single predictive critical cut‐off value for salivary progesterone was 2575 pg/ml, below which more than 80% of women delivered prematurely before 34 weeks of gestation, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 83% (95% CI 58.6–96.4%), 86% (95% CI 75.9–93.1%), 60% (95% CI 38.6–78.8%) and 95% (95% CI 87.1–99.0%), respectively. The TVS cervical length decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in the women who delivered prematurely.ConclusionsLow salivary progesterone concentration can be used for predicting early PTB in asymptomatic high‐risk women.
Potential of Sawdust as a Green and Economical Sorbent for Simultaneous Preconcentration of Trace Amounts of Cadmium, Cobalt, and Lead from Water, Biological, Food, and Herbal Samples
Authors: Baki Mostafa Hossein , Shemirani Farzaneh , Khani Rouhollah 
Published: April 2013

AbstractApplication of treated sawdust with NaOH as a green and economical sorbent for simultaneous preconcentration of trace amounts of Cd(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) ions from liver, lettuce, fish, and water as test samples with complicated matrices was investigated. Various parameters, such as effect of pH and contact time, breakthrough volume, type, and concentration of eluent and interference of ions were studied. The sorption was quantitative in the pH of 5.0 to 7.0 and desorption occurred instantaneously with 5.0 mL of mixed solutions of ethanol and 2.0 mol/L HNO3–HCl and the amount of ions was measured by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Linearity was maintained at 3 to 500 μg/L for cobalt, 5.0 to 800 μg/L for lead, and 2.0 to 300 μg/L for cadmium in the original solution. The relative standard deviation was less than 1.80% (n = 6, with concentration of 0.3 mg/L for cadmium and 0.5 mg/L for lead and cobalt). Detection limits and maximum capacity of the sorbent for Co (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) in the original solution were 0.86, 0.50, and 1.7 μg/L and 28.5, 30.6, and 47.3 mg/g, respectively. The results for spiked real samples, effect of interfering ions, and adsorption capacity indicated that the applicability of this method for lead preconcentration is better than cadmium and cobalt preconcentration from complicated matrices.Practical Application: Sawdust can be applied as a green and economical sorbent for simultaneous preconcentration and solid‐phase extraction of metal ions from food and environmental samples with complicated matrices.
Seasonal Variation in Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Grey Triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) Captured Along the Coast of Portugal
Authors: Simões Tiago , Carvalho João , Sousa Ana , Lemos Marco F.L. , Gil Maria M. , Pedrosa Rui , Tecelão Carla 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Proximate composition (ash, moisture, total protein, and fat contents) and fatty acid profile of Balistes capriscus (grey triggerfish) were assessed over a 6‐months period (April to September, 2011) in animals captured along the coast of Peniche (Portugal). High protein (18.9% to 21.4%) and low lipid (0.5% to 0.8%) contents were determined. The highest lipid level was found in June‐captured animals. High proportions of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) were observed (53.87 ± 2.00%) together with substantial quantities of oleic acid (27.58 ± 1.09%) and palmitic acid (16.52 ± 0.93%). Docosahexaenoic acid accounted for 77% of the total PUFA and was 7 times more abundant than eicosapentaenoic acid, and the n‐3/n‐6 ratio was 7.2. Gender did not influence lipid levels and the fatty acid profile, but seasonal variations were observed for PUFA and monounsaturated fatty acid contents. Overall, the nutritional properties of this underexploited species may be comparable to those of other lean fish species with higher economic value.
Aberrant expression of sonic hedgehog pathway in colon cancer and melanosis coli
Authors: Wang Zhong Chuan , Gao Jun , Zi Shu Ming , Yang Ming , Du Peng , Cui Long 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway correlated with the development of colon cancer and melanosis coli.MethodsProtein and mRNA levels of Hh signaling pathway components (sonic hedgehog [Shh], protein patched homolog 1 [Ptch 1], GLI family zinc finger 1 [Gli 1] and suppressor of fused homolog [Drosophila] [Sufu]) in 127 patients with colon cancer, 36 with melanosis coli and 20 adjacent normal mucosal tissues taken from surgical specimens were evaluated using antibody staining and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIn adjacent normal tissue Shh and Ptch1, but not Gli1 or Sufu, were weakly expressed and mainly in the lining epithelium of the colonic mucosa. In cancerous tissues Shh and Gli1 were uniformly strong while Ptch1 was patchy and weak, and Sufu uniformly weak, which paralleled their levels of corresponding mRNA. Elevated protein levels of Shh and Ptch were significantly associated with mucinous colonic tissues. Elevated Sufu protein levels were positively correlated with the diameter and invasion of the tumor. In patients with melanosis coli, mRNA levels of Shh, Ptch1, Gli1 and Sufu were very low, which was similar to those of adjacent normal tissues; but protein levels of Shh, Ptch1 and Gli1, but not Sufu, were high, which was similar to those of cancerous tissues.ConclusionsThe mRNA and protein levels of Hh pathway components are aberrantly elevated in colon cancer, which may be the potential molecular classification markers. Further studies are required to determine the role of melanosis coli in the colon tumorigenesis.
Contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the peripheral arteries: Technique, tips, pitfalls and problems
Authors: Welman Christopher J , Harrison Colin , Low Ronny S 
Published: April 2013

SummaryContrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography is a reliable way to assess peripheral vascular disease. This article reviews the basic physics behind this technique and discusses our institution's experience with regard to the clinical role, recent advances in image acquisition and use of contrast agents. Problems that can affect image quality and interpretation are also highlighted.
Evaluation of diagnostic value of four tumor markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of peripheral lung cancer
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Ping , Mao Chao‐Ming , Tang Xing‐Ping , Zhu Li‐Rong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe diagnostic role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, Cyfra 21‐1 and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for lung cancer is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of these four tumor markers in BALF for peripheral lung cancer.MethodsWe measured and compared the levels of CEA, SCC, Cyfra21‐1 and NSE in BALF in 42 patients with peripheral lung cancer and 22 patients with benign lung disease. In the patients with peripheral lung cancer, the BAL was separately performed in the bronchus of the tumor‐bearing lung and in the corresponding bronchus of the opposite healthy lung.ResultsThe levels of CEA, SCC, Cyfra21‐1 and NSE were significantly elevated in BALF from the tumor‐bearing lung compared with the opposite healthy lung in the lung cancer patients (P < 0.001) or the benign lung disease patients (P < 0.005). The diagnostic sensitivities of Cyfra21‐1 (86 and 76%), with a specificity of 91%, were the highest among the four tumor markers for the tumor‐bearing lung versus the opposite healthy lung and benign lung disease. The combination of Cyfra21‐1 and CEA increased the sensitivity to 93 and 86 percent, respectively.ConclusionThe assay of these tumor markers in BALF may be used as a diagnostic tool to complement a cytological examination in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.
Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 gene polymorphisms in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Kang Byung Woog , Kim Jong Gwang , Chae Yee Soo , Bae Han Ik , Kwon Ohkyoung , Chung Ho Young , Yu Wansik , Song Hong Suk , Kang Yu Na , Ryu Seung Wan , Lee Kyung Hee , Bae Young Kyung , Choi Joon Hyuk , Kim Se Won , Ryoo Hun‐Mo , Cho Chang‐Ho , Chae Hyun‐Dong , Park Kyun Woo , Gu Mi Jin , Bae Byung‐Jo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its family might play role in tumor‐related angiogenesis in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), thereby affecting the prognosis. Accordingly, the present study analyzed the impact of VEGF and VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) gene polymorphisms on the prognosis for GIST patients.MethodsIn all, 213 consecutive patients with GIST from five medical centers were enrolled in the present study. The genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue, and four VEGF (−2578C/A, −1498C/T, −634G/C, and +936C/T) and one VEGFR‐2 (+1416A/T) gene polymorphisms were determined using a Sequenom MassARRAY system.ResultsWith a median follow up of 18.4 months, the estimated 5‐year relapse‐free survival and overall survival rates were 70 and 87%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis including age, sex, primary site of disease, pathology and risk stratification, no significant association was observed between the polymorphism of the VEGF and VEGFR‐2 genes and survival.ConclusionNone of the five VEGF and VEGFR‐2 gene polymorphisms investigated in this study was found to be an independent prognostic marker for Korean patients with surgically resected GIST. However, further studies on a larger scale are warranted to clarify the role of VEGF and VEGFR gene polymorphisms as a prognostic biomarker for GIST patients.