bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis de umbrales de precipitación de procesos de remoción en masa, en laderas urbanizadas de la costa de Chile centro-sur
Authors: López Filun Pablo Andrés 
Published: July 2015

<p>Este artículo refleja el análisis del registro histórico de precipitación en 24 horas, asociado a procesos de remoción en masa, desencadenados durante 1990-1999 y 2000-2013, en laderas urbanizadas de la ciudad de Talcahuano, Chile centro-sur, para lo cual se analizaron umbrales de precipitación, mediante la relación intensidad-duración (I-D) y se determinó el periodo de retorno y la probabilidad de excedencia. El resultado indicó que a partir de un periodo de retorno de 4 años existe un 75% de probabilidad de exceder, bajo las condiciones climáticas registradas en los años mencionados, una precipitación menor o igual a 85,1 mm en 24 horas. La precipitación concentrada en un tiempo menor a 4 horas sería el umbral crítico de desestabilización, con intensidades del orden de 26,5 mm. </p>
Polyaniline Protonation and Deprotonation Process as the Main Mechanism for Ionic Field Effect Sensors
Authors: Alcarás José Renato , Mello Hugo J.N.P.D. , Mulato Marcelo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, Polyaniline (PANI) was used as a sensing film for pH measures due to its characteristic of switching protonation states under acid and alkaline solutions. Equally produced films had their sensitivity (electric response versus pH) measured before and after being under the influence of a constant electric potential (from 3.5 to 6 V, one for each film) for the analysis on how the electric potential influenced the sensitivity. Then, the protonation caused by the application of the first potential was reversed by applying a constant 5 V reverse potential and the sensitivity was then evaluated again. The results show, on average, a constant relation between intensity of protonation and the potential applied and that the process of protonation is reversible by applying a higher opposite potential then the protonation one.
Komunikacja a dzielenie się wiedzą w projektowych zespołach międzykulturowych
Authors: Winkler Renata , Chmielecki Michał 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this article is to analyse the process of knowledge sharing in a multicultural project team and to present aspects of communication to improve its effectiveness. We have conducted a qualitative research study involving 14 managers from nine international companies operating in the finance, outsourcing and IT sectors. The study was designed to isolate key areas of communication and its impact on knowledge sharing in project teams.
Screening of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3 and Jagged2 Genes in the Malay Population with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate
Authors: Ghazali Norliana , Rahman Normastura Abd , Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj , Jaafar Saidi 
Published: July 2015

Objective To determine the prevalence of mutations in transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) and Jagged2 genes and their association with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) patients. Design Cross-sectional study on nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. Setting Reconstructive clinic and outpatient dental clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Patients Blood samples of 96 nonsyndromic CL±P and 96 noncleft subjects. Main Outcome Measure Prevalence and association of mutations in TGFβ3 and Jagged2 genes with nonsyndromic CL±P. Results Most of the nonsyndromic CL±P patients (53.1%) had left unilateral CLP. There were slightly more females (56.6%) compared with males. The prevalence of the mutations in the TGFβ3 gene was 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.5, 24.5) and in the Jagged2 gene was 12.5% (95% CI: 5.5, 18.5), which was higher compared with the noncleft group. For the TGFβ3 gene, there was no mutation in the coding region in either of the groups. All variants were single nucleotide polymorphisms located within the intronic flanking region. Two variants were identified (g.15812T>G and g.15966A>G) in both nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. However, the association was not significant ( P > .05). Three variants (g.19779C>T, g.19547G>A, and g.19712C>T) were identified in the Jagged2 gene among nonsyndromic CL±P and noncleft patients. Only g.19712C>T showed a significant association with nonsyndromic CL±P patients ( P = .039). Conclusion g.19712C>T might play a crucial role in the development of cleft lip and palate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the mutation found within intron 13 of the Jagged2 gene among nonsyndromic CL±P Malay patients.
Cervical Interfacial Bonding Effectiveness of Class II Bulk Versus Incremental Fill Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Al-Harbi F , Kaisarly D , Michna A , ArRejaie A , Bader D , El Gezawi M 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
Cervical interfacial bonding quality has been a matter of deep concern. The purpose of this study was to analyze microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and cervical interfacial gap distance (IGD) of bulk-fill vs incremental-fill Class II composite restorations. Box-only Class II cavities were prepared in 91 maxillary premolars (n = 7) with gingival margin placement 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction at one side and 1 mm below it on the other side. Eighty-four maxillary premolars were divided into self-etch and total-etch groups and further subdivided into six restorative material subgroups used incrementally and with an open-sandwich technique: group 1, Tetric Ceram HB (TC) as a control; group 2, Tetric EvoFlow (EF); group 3, SDR Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR); group 4, SonicFill (SF); group 5, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TN); and group 6, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TE). Groups 2-6 were bulk-fill restoratives. Tetric N-Bond Self-Etch (se) and Tetric N-Bond total-etch (te) adhesive were used in subgroups 1–5, whereas AdheSE (se) and ExciTE F (te) were used in subgroup 6. In an additional group, Filtek P90 Low Shrink Restorative (P90) was used only with its corresponding self-etch bond. The materials were manipulated, light-cured (1600 mW/cm2), artificially aged (thermal and occlusal load-cycling), and sectioned. Two microrods/restoration (n = 14/group) were tested for MTBS at a crosshead-speed of 0.5 mm/min (Instron testing machine). Fracture loads were recorded (Newtons), and MTSBs were calculated (Megapascals). Means were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Conover-Inman post hoc analysis for MTBS (multiple comparisons), and Mann-Whitney U test for IGD. The ends of the fractures were examined for failure mode. One microrod/restoration (n = 7/group) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (×1200) for IGD.
MTBS values for SF/te, P90 in enamel, and TC+SDR/te in enamel and cementum were significantly higher compared with those for the control TC/te and TC/se in cementum. Most of the failures were mixed. IGDs were generally smaller at enamel margins, and the smallest IGDs were found in P90 at both enamel and cementum margins. Bulk-fill and silorane-based composites might provide better cervical interfacial quality than incremental-fill restorations.
Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Potassium Nitrate Penetration Into the Pulp Cavity
Authors: Kwon SR , Dawson DV , Schenck DM , Fiegel J , Wertz PW 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration level of potassium nitrate–containing desensitizers or whitening materials into the pulp cavity with regard to the concentration and viscosity of the formulation.Methods and MaterialsFifty extracted human molar teeth were prepared and randomized into five groups of 10 specimens each. The control received a 30-minute treatment without any treatment material; the other four groups corresponded to treatment with DayWhite, a 14% hydrogen peroxide whitening material containing potassium nitrate; PreviDent 5000 Sensitive, a desensitizing toothpaste; Relief ACP, a desensitizing gel; or UltraEZ, a desensitizing gel. Potassium nitrate penetration levels were measured spectrophotometrically based on the Griess assay method. Treatment materials were measured for viscosity as a function of shear rate through the use of a cone-and-plate rheometer.ResultsNitrate penetration levels were significantly different among the five groups (p&lt;0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis test). After adjustment for multiple comparisons using an overall 0.05 level of type I error, the distribution of nitrate penetration values was found to differ significantly among all groups with the exception of DayWhite (median: 10.72 μM) and UltraEZ (median: 9.22 μM), which differed significantly from other groups but not from each other. The highest levels of nitrate penetration value were observed for PreviDent (median: 27.61 μM) followed by Relief ACP (median: 19.64 μM). The lowest penetration level was observed for the control group (median: 3.41 μM). Stable end-point viscosities of 11.43 ± 0.67 Pa/s, 1.33 ± 0.06 Pa/s, 0.85 ± 0.09 Pa/s, and 0.40 ± 0.01 Pa/s were observed for UltraEZ, ReliefACP, DayWhite, and PreviDent, respectively.ConclusionPotassium nitrate included in different formulations can penetrate the enamel and dentin within 30 minutes. The level of potassium nitrate penetration is influenced by concentration and may also be partly affected by the viscosity of the material as well as other constituents of proprietary preparations.
Can Silanization Increase the Retention of Glass-fiber posts? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Moraes AP , Sarkis-Onofre R , Moraes RR , Cenci MS , Soares CJ , Pereira-Cenci T 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
The role of silanes in the bonding of resin luting agents to glass-fiber posts (GFPs) is a controversial topic, and the question still remains whether post silanization is able to improve the retention of GFPs luted into root canals. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether evidence exists to justify silanization of GFPs before cementation to increase their retention into root canals. In vitro studies that evaluated the retention of GFPs cemented into root canals or artificial substrates and that used silane coupling agents for pretreatment of the post were selected. Searches were carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases with no publication year or language limits. The last search was carried out in August 2014. Two distinct data analyses were carried out: 1) control group (no post pretreatment) vs silane only and 2) post pretreatment + silane vs silane only. Pooled-effect estimates were obtained by comparing the difference between each bond strength mean value and were expressed as the weighted mean difference between groups (p≤0.05). A total of 178 articles were found, and 23 were included in the review. The results were affected by the substrate into which the GFPs were luted (teeth or artificial devices). The analysis between control group and silane only for studies that used artificial devices favored the use of silane (p&lt;0.0001), but considering studies that used teeth as substrate, no significant difference was observed (p=0.35). The analysis between silane only and pretreatment + silane did not show a significant difference between groups when artificial devices were used (p=0.71), whereas the analysis favored the use of post pretreatment + silane over silane (p&lt;0.00001) only when the GFPs were luted into teeth. In conclusion, this review indicates that silanization improves the retention of GFPs luted into root canals provided that selective surface pretreatments are applied to the post before silanization.
Moral Custom Exploration Facing Transhuman Stage of Evolution
Authors: Klyszcz Jolanta 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have transited far from an ancient culture of hunters to the world of today when our conditions as human beings are changing. We recognize that our biological-cultural co-evolution has privileged reason. Even if it takes a tiny part of our mind; first memory and then reason have become protagonists in our relation with the landscape. It also means that pain control became a social custom for developing morality: this is the central thesis of this essay. This conclusion derives from our experimental research on the symbolic image of the world, that was guided mainly by Jung’s psychology and by Aristotle’s Poetics and Ethics
Programmable shunts and headphones: Are they safe together?
Authors: Spader Heather S. , Ratanaprasatporn Linda , Morrison John F. , Grossberg Jonathan A. , Cosgrove G. Rees 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Programmable shunts have a valuable role in the treatment of patients with hydrocephalus, but because a magnet is used to change valve settings, interactions with external magnets may reprogram these shunts. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of magnetic toys and iPads to erroneously reprogram shunts. Headphones are even more ubiquitous, and they contain an electromagnet for sound projection that sits on the head very close to the shunt valve. This study is the first to look at the magnetic field emissions of headphones and their effect on reprogrammable shunt valves to ascertain whether headphones are safe for patients with these shunts to wear.

METHODS
In this in vitro study of the magnetic properties of headphones and their interactions with 3 different programmable shunts, the authors evaluated Apple earbuds, Beats by Dr. Dre, and Bose QuietComfort Acoustic Noise Cancelling headphones. Each headphone was tested for electromagnetic field emissions using a direct current gaussmeter. The following valves were evaluated: Codman Hakim programmable valve, Medtronic Strata II valve, and Aesculap proGAV. Each valve was tested at distances of 0 to 50 mm (in 5-mm increments) from each headphone. The exposure time at each distance was 1 minute, and 3 trials were performed to confirm results at each valve setting and distance.

RESULTS
All 3 headphones generated magnetic fields greater than the respective shunt manufacturer's recommended strength of exposure, but these fields did not persist beyond 5 mm. By 2 cm, the fields levels were below 20 G, well below the Medtronic recommendation of 90 G and the Codman recommendation of 80 G. Because the mechanism for the proGAV is different, there is no recommended gauss level. There was no change in gauss-level emissions by the headphones with changes in frequency and amplitude. Both the Strata and Codman-Hakim valves were reprogrammed by direct contact (distance 0 mm) with the Bose headphones. When a rotation component was added, all 3 headphones reprogrammed the Strata and Codman-Hakim valves at 0 mm. At all distances above 0 mm, the headphones did not affect the shunts. The proGAV valve was not affected by headphones at any distance.

CONCLUSIONS
Although all the headphones studied generated significant gauss fields at distances less than 5 mm, the programmable valve settings only changed at a distance of 0 mm (i.e., with direct contact). Given the subcutaneous location of the valve, the authors conclude that is highly unlikely that commercially available or customary headphones can contribute to the reprogramming of shunts.
A Green Route for Copper Ions Removal from Textile Industry Effluent
Authors: Singhal Shailey , Agarwal Shilpi , Sharma Rajan , Singhal Naveen , Kumar Amit 
Published: July 2015

The adsorption of copper(II) on tea waste has been studied in batch mode using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy for metal estimation. Important process parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, reaction temperature, shaking speed and particle size were investigated. Adsorption was found to be in accordance with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The maximum amount of copper(II) adsorbed (qm), as evaluated by Langmuir isotherm, was approximately 1.33 mg per gram of powder of tea waste per litre of solution. The optimized process parameters were observed to be 3 g adsorbent, pH 5, 40°C temperature, 120 rpm shaking speed and 150 μm particle size. The effectiveness of tea waste for copper removal from industrial effluent was observed to be around 95.345%. The used tea waste after adsorption produced 51.76% methane as biofuel.
Is the 2010 Affordable Care Act minimum standard to identify disability in all national datasets good enough for policy purposes?
Authors: Burkhauser Richard V. , Fisher T. Lynn , Houtenville Andrew J. , Tennant Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2015

We provide a face validity test of the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) approved minimum six-question sequence (6QS) to capture the population with disabilities. Using linked 2009 Current Population Survey/Social Security Administration records data we find that the 6QS captures 66.3% of those whom administrative records confirm are receiving disability-based Social Security benefits. Adding a work-activity question increases our capture rate to 89.3%. We find little difference in the distribution of conditions of those reporting only a 6QS-based disability and those only reporting a work activity-based disability. The four function-related questions do a relatively good job of capturing beneficiaries based on these conditions. But the work-activity question does a far better job of capturing beneficiaries than do the two activity-related questions. We conclude that the 6QS is fundamentally flawed and that any minimum standard for capturing the population with disabilities must include a work-activity question.
Evaluation of varying physical acquisition parameters in gamma camera gated cardiac SPECT
Authors: Elgebaly Reem H. , Rageh Monira M. , Adel Mahmoud 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND: There are various physical factors that limit the quality of the Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) images such as number of frames per projection, number of projections per scan and time per projection in gated myocardial SPECT scan. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to evaluate physical acquisition parameters affecting the cardiac imaging to optimize the patient's examination time and image quality that are acquired with the gamma camera and workers radiation protection (through reducing time of radiation exposure) in cardiac SPECT facility. Cardiac functional parameters like ejection fraction (EF), end diastole volume (EDV), end systole volume (ESV) and total perfusion defect (TPD) were evaluated. METHODS: Thirty patients were divided into three groups as follows: 1- Group (1): contains two sub-groups, one scanned with 8 frames per projection, the other with 16 frames per projection. 2- Group (2): contains two sub-groups, one scanned with 32 projections per scan, the other with 16 projections per scan. 3- Group (3): contains two sub-groups, one scanned at a time per projection of 20 s and the other scanned at 10 s per projection. Parameters such as the Ejection Fraction (EF), End Diastole Volume (EDV), End Systole Volume (ESV) and Total Perfusion Defect (TPD) in SPECT were compared for each group. RESULTS: There was insignificant difference in the EF, EDV, ESV and TPD between the different groups concerning the number of frames per projection, number of projections per scan and time per projection. CONCLUSION: The reduction of scan time to half or the number of projections per scan to half or increasing the number of frames per scan from 8 to 16 at the same duration has insignificant effect in the cardiac functional parameters used with gated SPECT scan.
Diagnosis of bladder diverticulum: Retrograde cystography CT more valuable
Authors: Li Xiaozhong , Liu Taiyun , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVES: To study CT finding and the value of retrograde cystography CT scan in the diagnosis of bladder diverticulum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in accordance with the regulations of the local institutional review board and ethics committee. Written, informed consent was obtained from all patients before the examination and enrolment into the study. 70 patients with bladder diverticulum (mean age 62 years; range 43-78 years, 39 males and 31 females) were examined, including ultrasound, X-ray cystogram, plain scan CT, contrast enhanced CT, the retrograde cystogram CT, compared the accuracy of these examination in diagnosis of bladder diverticulum and observed size, location, shape, opening of bladder diverticulum. Selection and diagnosis of all patients of enrolled into the study were confirmed by cystoscopy. But, this result was double-blind to the resident doctors for them examined and diagnosed. Three examination were selected for each patient, the first examination was random, the second was the plain scan CT, the third was the retrograde cystogram CT, all patients were must examined by the plain scan CT and retrograde cystogram CT. RESULTS: In 70 patients, 22 case were examined by ultrasonic, 15 cases were accurate diagnosed, 4 cases were examined by X-ray cystography, 3 cases were accurate diagnosed, 70 cases were examined by plain scan CT, 48 cases were accurate diagnosed, 17 cases were examined by contrast enhanced CT, 12 cases were accurate diagnosed, 70 cases were examined by retrograde cystography CT, 70 cases were accurate diagnosed, retrograde cystography CT well showed the size, location, shape, opening of the bladder diverticulum, while others examination showed these were poor. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde cystography CT could accurately diagnose bladder diverticulum, clearly showed the size, location, shape and opening of bladder diverticulum, could provide accurate and detailed information for clinical, thus it is a simple, effective and economical method of the diagnosis of bladder diverticulum.
Une marque sur « pelve » à Seclin (Nord)
Authors: Révillion Stéphane 
Published: July 2015

Tijdens de opgravingscampagne van 1981 op de vindplaats « Clauwiers » te Seclin, op de plaats van een Gallo-Romeinse villa, vond men een fragmenten van een melkteil (tèle) met de stempel brariatus. Producten van deze pottenbakker, waarvan men de ateliers kan situeren in Bavay of Pont-sur-Sambre, werden vooral aangetroffen ten noorden en oosten van Bavay, langs de Romeinse wegen Bavay-Tongeren-Keulen en Bavay- Doornik.
Het merkteken op de « tèle » van Seclin toont aan, met die van Tourcoing (adivtorf) en van Fiers (brariatus) dat de producten van Bavay in de eerste helft van de 11e eeuw ook in de onmiddellijke omgeving van Rijsel te vinden zijn.
Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in Pulsatilla vulgaris (Ranunculaceae) using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: DiLeo Michelle F. , Graf René , Holderegger Rolf , Rico Yessica , Wagner Helene H. 
Published: July 2015

Premise of the study:We developed novel microsatellite markers for the perennial plant Pulsatilla vulgaris (Ranunculaceae) to investigate the effects of fragmentation on gene flow in this imperiled species.Methods and Results:We identified microsatellites and developed primers based on 454 shotgun sequences. We identified 14 markers that were polymorphic and produced clean bands. Of these, eight could be analyzed as diploids. Genotyping of 97 individuals across two populations revealed these markers to be highly polymorphic with seven to 17 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity from 0.41 to 0.83.Conclusions:The markers are highly informative and will be used to test if the reintroduction of shepherding in southern Germany improves genetic connectivity among fragmented populations of P. vulgaris. The combination of diploid and tetraploid markers presented here will be useful in resolving the polyploidization history of this and related species.
Commentary on "An intermediate state between the kagome-ice and the fully polarized state in Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$"
Authors: Perfetti Mauro 
Published: July 2015

A Commentary on the paper by S A Grigera et al. [Pap. Phys. 7, 070009 (2015)]. Received: 25 June 2015, Accepted: 25 June 2015; Edited by: A. Vindigni; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070010Cite as: M Perfetti, Papers in Physics 7, 070010 (2015)This paper, by M. Perfetti, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.