bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐/conspecific discrimination and superparasitism strategy in the ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphax fairchildii (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)
Authors: Ito Emi , Yamada Yoshihiro Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSuperparasitism in solitary parasitoids results in fatal competition between the immature parasitoids, and consequently only one individual can emerge. In the semisolitary ovicidal parasitoid Echthrodelphax fairchildii (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), 2 adults can emerge under superparasitism with a short interval (<24 h) between the first and second ovipositions. We determined the female parasitoid's behavioral responses under self‐ and conspecific superparasitism bouts with first‐to‐second oviposition intervals of ≤2 h. The self‐ and conspecific superparasitizing frequencies increased up to an oviposition interval of 0.75 h, with the former remaining lower than the latter, particularly for oviposition intervals of ≤0.25 h, suggesting the existence of self‐/conspecific discrimination. The superparasitizing frequency plateaued for oviposition intervals of ≥0.75 h, with no difference between self‐ and conspecific superparasitism. The ovicidal‐probing frequency did not differ under self‐ and conspecific superparasitism, and was usually <20%. The females exhibited no preference for the oviposition side (i.e., ovipositing on the side with or without the first progeny) and almost always laid female eggs for any oviposition interval under self‐ and conspecific superparasitism. The sex ratio was not affected by the type of superparasitism, oviposition sides, or the occurrence of ovicidal probing. These observed results about the oviposition side, ovicidal probing, and sex ratios differed from the predictions obtained assuming that the females behave optimally. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed: likely candidates include the high cost of selecting oviposition sides and ovicidal probing, and, for the sex ratio, the low frequency of encountering suitable hosts before superparasitism bouts.
Overview of: “An Evaluation of Day Reporting Centers for Parolees: Outcomes of a Randomized Trial”
Authors: Boyle Douglas J. , Ragusa‐Salerno Laura M. , Lanterman Jennifer L. , Marcus Andrea Fleisch 
Published: July 2013

Research SummaryThe present study is an experimental evaluation of day reporting centers (DRCs) as an alternative to incarceration for medium‐ and high‐risk parolees in New Jersey. Male parolees (N = 355) were randomly assigned to a DRC condition or regular parole supervision (the Control condition) for a period of 90 days. Short‐ and long‐term outcomes were examined. The data show that DRC participants were more likely to be arrested and convicted for a new offense in the short term compared to the Control group. DRC participants’ median time to new arrest was 99 days shorter than Control group parolees; however, this difference was not significant. No differences were found between the groups in the long term.Policy ImplicationsParolees assigned to a DRC fare as well, and in some instances worse, than parolees on regular parole supervision. Given the relative costs associated with each form of supervision, it is not advisable to use the DRC model as an alternative to incarceration for medium‐ and high‐risk parolees.
Glycemic effects of vildagliptin and metformin combination therapy in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational study (印度2型糖尿病患者使用维格列汀与二甲双胍联合治疗对血糖的影响：一项观察性研究)
Authors: Chatterjee Sanjay , Chatterjee Sudip 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the glycemic response of Indian patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin and compare our data with those of clinical trials.MethodsIn a retrospective study of the hospital database, the glycemic control of 280 patients with T2DM who were either on a once‐ or twice‐daily regimen of combination therapy with vildagliptin 50 mg and metformin 500 mg was analyzed.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up of the patients was 16.8 months. There was a reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 1.52 ± 0.79 and 1.88 ± 0.87 mmol/L in the once‐ and twice‐daily groups, respectively (both P < 0.0001) from baseline to last visit. The reduction in postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG) in the once‐ and twice‐daily groups was 3.98 ± 1.72 and 4.33 ± 1.88 mmol/L, respectively (both P < 0.0001), whereas the reduction in HbA1c was 1.41 ± 1.39% and 1.90 ± 1.49%, respectively (both P < 0.0001). The differences in the reductions achieved in FPG and HbA1c with the two dosing regimens were significant.ConclusionAlthough the present retrospective study shows a robust response to the combination of vildagliptin and metformin in Indian patients, more multicenter studies from India with a greater number patients are necessary to confirm this finding.
Advances and applications of occupancy models
Authors: Bailey Larissa L. , MacKenzie Darryl I. , Nichols James D. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

The past decade has seen an explosion in the development and application of models aimed at estimating species occurrence and occupancy dynamics while accounting for possible non‐detection or species misidentification.

We discuss some recent occupancy estimation methods and the biological systems that motivated their development. Collectively, these models offer tremendous flexibility, but simultaneously place added demands on the investigator.

Unlike many mark–recapture scenarios, investigators utilizing occupancy models have the ability, and responsibility, to define their sample units (i.e. sites), replicate sampling occasions, time period over which species occurrence is assumed to be static and even the criteria that constitute ‘detection’ of a target species. Subsequent biological inference and interpretation of model parameters depend on these definitions and the ability to meet model assumptions.

We demonstrate the relevance of these definitions by highlighting applications from a single biological system (an amphibian–pathogen system) and discuss situations where the use of occupancy models has been criticized. Finally, we use these applications to suggest future research and model development.
Identification of high‐resolution microsatellites without a priori knowledge of genotypes using a simple scoring approach
Authors: Eschbach Erik , Schöning Sandro 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Large numbers of microsatellite loci for many species are increasingly made available from public data bases or through de novo isolation with next generation sequencing methods. However, the challenge remains to identify the subset of loci with suitable polymorphism for the populations of interest. This normally requires genotyping individuals in a representative subset of populations.

Here, we present an approach that does not require individual genotypes, but instead uses the presence and absence of alleles in pooled DNA samples to estimate within‐population variation (WPV, i.e. polymorphism) and among‐population variability (APV, i.e. rare alleles). From these, we developed a scoring procedure to rank individual loci and thereby identify those most suitable for individual genotyping.

We used multiplex PCR of 20 pooled individuals from each of 12 populations to screen a total of 80 published and unpublished microsatellite loci in the Northern pike Esox lucius, a species known to exhibit low genetic variability, thus predisposing it as a model species to test our approach. The screening of pooled samples revealed extremely different levels of microsatellite variability, ranging from 1·0 to 27·5 alleles per microsatellite (WPV) and from 1·4 to 12 populations per allele (APV). Scoring placed microsatellites with high WPV and medium APV at the highest ranks.

We validated this outcome by genotyping individuals of two pike populations from geographically close areas. A strong differentiation potential (measured as Weir's & Cockerham's FST) as well as a better resolving power of higher over lower‐ranked microsatellites (measured as Nei′s DA and probability of identity) proved that the method presented here is suitable for rapid and inexpensive identification of appropriate microsatellites without a priori knowledge of genotypes.

Our scoring procedure is generally applicable to all population genetic studies based on microsatellites and is particularly recommended, if species with low genetic variability are to be investigated.
Improving the reporting of P‐values generated by randomization methods
Authors: Ruxton Graeme D. , Neuhäuser Markus 
Published: July 2013

Summary

We increasingly calculate P‐values using randomization approaches.

Often, it is not possible to consider full evaluation of all possible samples (e.g. permutations or bootstraps) in order to get an exact P‐value, so an approximate P‐value is calculated across a random sample of these possible samples.

We provide methods that allow the uncertainty introduced by this approximation to be compactly and clearly presented.

If the recommendations proposed here are adopted, then reviewers and readers of the increasing number of publications using these approaches will be better informed.
Pseudoexfoliation and Alzheimer’s disease: a population‐based 30‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Ekström Curt , Kilander Lena 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the effect of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) on the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a population in which PEX is a common finding. The relationship between open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) and AD was also studied.Methods:  Predictors of incident AD, including mixed and unspecified dementia, were analysed in a cohort of 679 residents 65–74 years of age, examined in a population survey in the municipality of Tierp, Sweden, 1984–1986. To expand the cohort, participants in other studies in Tierp were enrolled. In this way, the cohort embraced 1123 people, representing more than 15 700 person‐years at risk. Medical records were reviewed to identify subjects diagnosed with dementia. Those with a follow‐up time shorter than 2 years were excluded from the study.Results:  By the conclusion of the study, in December 2011, 174 new cases of AD, including mixed and unspecified dementia, had been detected, 41 of whom were affected by PEX at baseline. Higher age and female gender were the only predictors identified. No association between PEX and AD was found (hazard ratio 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.69–1.40). Newly diagnosed OAG at baseline did not increase the risk (hazard ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.69–1.74).Conclusion:  Pseudoexfoliation is not a predictor of AD. No association was found between OAG and AD.
Semi‐automated retinal vessel analysis in nonmydriatic fundus photography
Authors: Schuster Alexander Karl‐Georg , Fischer Joachim Ernst , Vossmerbaeumer Urs 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeFunduscopic assessment of the retinal vessels may be used to assess the health status of microcirculation and as a component in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors. Typically, the evaluation is restricted to morphological appreciation without strict quantification. Our purpose was to develop and validate a software tool for semi‐automated quantitative analysis of retinal vasculature in nonmydriatic fundus photography.Methodsmatlab software was used to develop a semi‐automated image recognition and analysis tool for the determination of the arterial–venous (A/V) ratio in the central vessel equivalent on 45° digital fundus photographs. Validity and reproducibility of the results were ascertained using nonmydriatic photographs of 50 eyes from 25 subjects recorded from a 3DOCT device (Topcon Corp.). Two hundred and thirty‐three eyes of 121 healthy subjects were evaluated to define normative values.ResultsA software tool was developed using image thresholds for vessel recognition and vessel width calculation in a semi‐automated three‐step procedure: vessel recognition on the photograph and artery/vein designation, width measurement and calculation of central retinal vessel equivalents. Mean vessel recognition rate was 78%, vessel class designation rate 75% and reproducibility between 0.78 and 0.91. Mean A/V ratio was 0.84. Application on a healthy norm cohort showed high congruence with prior published manual methods. Processing time per image was one minute.ConclusionsQuantitative geometrical assessment of the retinal vasculature may be performed in a semi‐automated manner using dedicated software tools. Yielding reproducible numerical data within a short time leap, this may contribute additional value to mere morphological estimates in the clinical evaluation of fundus photographs.
Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for giant hepatic cyst
Authors: Gocho Takeshi , Misawa Takeyuki , Suzuki Fumitake , Ito Ryusuke , Shiba Hiroaki , Futagawa Yasuro , Wakiyama Shigeki , Ishida Yuichi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of single‐incision laparoscopic fenestration and to introduce a new surgical technique. Laparoscopic fenestration has become a standard approach for symptomatic hepatic cysts because of the low recurrence rate and minimal postoperative pain. The single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) technique has increasingly gained acceptance and is now applied to a variety of organs and operations.Materials and Surgical TechniqueBetween February 2010 and March 2011, we consecutively performed six cases of single‐incision laparoscopic fenestration. A SILS Port was placed through a single intraumbilical skin incision. In addition to standard laparoscopic instruments, a flexible 5‐mm laparoscope and an articulating grasper were used. The cyst wall was dissected with a 5‐mm bipolar vessel sealer. SILS was successfully performed in all patients, and none required conversion to conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery or open surgery. Intraoperative blood loss was minimal in all cases. Median operative time was 144 min (range, 100–210 min). All patients were discharged uneventfully on 3 day postoperative. Median postoperative follow‐up at 15.5 months (range, 8–20 months) did not reveal any complications or recurrence. The umbilical incisions were almost unnoticeable.DiscussionOur findings suggest that SILS for fenestration of a giant hepatic cyst is a safe and feasible. It is reproducible technique that is comparable to conventional laparoscopic surgery.
Disseminated lymphoblastic lymphoma in children and adolescents: results of the COG A5971 trial: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Termuhlen Amanda M. , Smith Lynette M. , Perkins Sherrie L. , Lones Mark , Finlay Jonathan L. , Weinstein Howard , Gross Thomas G. , Abromowitch Minnie 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe Children's Oncology Group's A5971 trial examined central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and early intensification in paediatric patients diagnosed with CNS‐negative Stage III and IV lymphoblastic lymphoma. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, the study randomized patients to Children's Cancer Group (CCG) modified Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Muenster (BFM) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) regimen with intensified intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) (Arm A1) or an adapted non‐Hodgkin lymphoma/BFM‐95 therapy with high dose MTX in interim maintenance but no IT‐MTX in maintenance (Arm B1). Each cohort was randomized ± intensification (cyclophosphamide/anthracycline) (Arms A2/B2). For the 254 randomized patients, there was no difference in 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for the four arms: Arm A1, 80% [95% confidence interval (CI) 67–89%] and Arm A2, 81% (95% CI 69–89%); Arm B1, 80% (95% CI 68–88%) and Arm B2, 84% (95% CI 72–91%). The cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was 1·2%. Age <10 years and institutional imaging response at 2 weeks was associated with improved outcomes (P < 0·001 and P = 0·014 for overall survival). CNS positive patients (n = 12) did poorly [5‐year EFS of 63% (95% CI 29–85%)]. For CNS‐negative patients, there was no difference in outcome based on CNS prophylaxis (IT‐MTX versus HD‐MTX) or with intensification.
Clinical Practice With a Child's Drawings From Kleinian and Lacanian Perspectives
Authors: Makise Hidemoto 
Published: July 2013

Clinical practice with children using drawing always provokes surprise, and one of the surprises concerns the diversity in the speech of the child as they draw. If we pay attention to children's speech, we can comprehend children's internal world better, and explore their symptom as a question.In this article, I explore the interpretation of children's speech, through considering a clinical case of a boy using drawing, making use of a drawing method in which there is a transition from one sheet of paper to another. I also look for a point of contact between clinical practice with drawing, and elements of Lacanian psychoanalysis. This approach builds upon, and also then differs from Kleinian perspectives. The paper begins with an account of my work in a nursery with a child drawing, and then moves on to consider both a Kleinian perspective, and some ideas from Lacanian psychoanalysis which particularly concern my interventions as forms of interpretation. Particular emphasis is given to the Lacanian principle of scansion.
Perioperative outcomes of robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a multi‐institutional series
Authors: Pugh Joseph , Parekattil Sijo , Willis Daniel , Stifelman Michael , Hemal Ashok , Su Li‐Ming 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To review a multi‐institutional series of robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU) for management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) with respect to technique and perioperative outcomes.
Patients and Methods
Between May 2007 and July 2011, 43 RANU were performed at three institutions for UUTUC with review of perioperative outcomes.
A three‐ or four‐armed robotic technique was used in all cases based on surgeon preference and the entirety of all procedures was performed using the robot‐assisted technique.
Single and two robot‐docking techniques are described.
Results
The mean (range) operating time was 247 (128–390) min, blood loss was 131 (10–500) mL and the median (range) length of stay was 3 (2–87) days.
Pathology was pTa in nine patients, pT1 in 14 patients, pT2 in three patients, pT3 in 15 patients and pT4 in two patients.
Lymph node dissection was performed in 22 patients (51%) with a mean (range) lymph node count of 11 (4–23).
There were six postoperative complications: bleeding requiring a blood transfusion (grade II), splenic bleeding (grade IV), two cases of pneumonia (grade II) and two cases of rhabdomyolysis (grades II and IV).
Nine recurrences (six bladder, two within the retroperitoneum and one in the contralateral collecting system) have been found to date on routine surveillance with a mean follow‐up of 9 months.
Conclusions
RANU is a feasible alternative to laparoscopic and open techniques.
Particular steps of the operation including sutured closure of the cystotomy and regional lymphadenectomy are facilitated with the use of robot‐assisted surgery.
Long‐term outcomes are necessary to assess the relative efficacy of these approaches to more established techniques; however, early perioperative outcomes appear promising.
Supporting communication for parents with intellectual impairments: communication facilitation in social work led parenting meetings
Authors: Matthews Alison , Stansfield Jois 
Published: July 2013

Accessible summary

Parents who have a learning disability have to go to meetings with professionals such as social workers and lawyers.

Professionals do not always use easy words

If someone helps professionals and parents to listen to each other, it is easier to understand what they are saying

Listening and understanding is important for parents in meetings

SummaryPeople with intellectual impairments are recognised as having communication difficulties and even people with mild intellectual impairments can be challenged by complex language and limited literacy. The focus of this paper is parents who have learning disabilities, outlining a novel approach to support them in stressful case conference situations. Parents with intellectual impairments are frequently the subject of multiple interventions, case conferences and legal proceedings which challenge their communicative capacity. Case conferences often involve professionals with little or no experience of learning disability, including social workers and lawyers. The language in these case conferences can have complex sentence structure, low frequency legal vocabulary and difficult concepts, which are challenging for learning disabled parents to follow. The Communication Facilitator role is a recently developed approach to supporting parents in case conferences, aimed at enabling LD parents to understand and contribute to the proceedings. This paper reports the motivation and practical issues in developing the role, and the use of Communication Facilitator in child protection meetings where there are high stakes for not understanding, resulting in the potential removal of children from the parental home.
A snapshot of the Late Jurassic Western Tethys seafloor composition and morphology provided by the geochemistry of pelitic sediments (Corsica, Central Alps and Northern Apennines)
Authors: Bracciali L. , Pandolfi L. , Rocchi S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe chemical composition of fine‐grained siliciclastic sediments is a powerful tool in provenance studies, either as a complement to other whole rock/single grain methods, or as a stand‐alone method when other techniques are not applicable, and particularly in those cases where the coarser sediment fractions are not available or the regional‐scale geologic framework is lost due major successive tectonic events. A comprehensive geochemical investigation of pelites from the post‐rift deposits of the Ligurian‐Piedmont ocean (sampled in tectonic units of the Alpine‐Apennine orogen: Balagne Nappe, Corsica; Tuscan Nappe and Internal Ligurian units, Northern Apennines; Err‐Platta units, Central Alps) has identified for the first time a major mafic‐ultramafic input immediately following rifting. Key trace element ratios (e.g. LaN/YbN < 10; avg. Eu/Eu* = 0.73 ± 0.06, 1SD; Th/(Cr + Ni + V) < 0.03) show that the pelitic siliciclastic layers intercalated in the Radiolarite Formation (the first post‐rift deposits) are systematically enriched in a mafic‐ultramafic source component compared with the younger post rift sediments (Calpionella Limestone and Palombini Shale). Such a peculiar chemical fingerprint is interpreted as the result of erosion and distribution across the whole basin (even to continental domains) of intraoceanic ophiolitic debris by turbidity and bottom currents sweeping the sea floor at the time of deposition of the Radiolarite Formation. Exhumed mantle and gabbroic‐basaltic rocks exposed at the morphologically articulated seafloor of the slow‐spreading Ligurian‐Piedmont ocean were available to erosion during the whole time‐span of the deposition of the Radiolarite Formation, whilst they became progressivey subordinate as a source as the basin floor was progressively covered by the siliciclastic input from the developing passive continental margins.