bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biased polls: investigating the pressures survey respondents feel
Authors: Claassen Ryan L. , Ryan John Barry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDemocratic bias in polls reached record highs in recent elections. The Shy Trump Voter Hypothesis claims some voters feel pressure to hide plans to vote for Trump. Despite several scholarly efforts to assess whether shy Trump voters contribute significantly to Democratic bias, the jury is still out. We undertake a thorough investigation using the longstanding, and more general, social desirability framework to consider why some survey subjects might be shy about revealing their support for any candidate. We randomly assign voters to either report the candidate they would SAY they would vote for if they wanted to make the best impression on others or the worst impression. In a new addition to this experiment, we then return to each voter with the opposite condition. Doing so allows us to investigate the causes and consequences of the social pressures voters feel when discussing which candidate they support. We show that the pressures voters feel are a function of the partisan context in which they live and we focus on voters that feel pressure to say they support a candidate other than the candidate of the party with which they identify. Although we demonstrate that cross-pressured partisans are more likely to say they intend to vote for the other party’s candidate than unpressured partisans, they occur on both sides and so polling bias created by them (should they revert to their party’s candidate in the voting booth) is likely reduced in the aggregate.
Automated decision-making in South Korea: a critical review of the revised Personal Information Protection Act
Authors: Kim Dong Hyeon , Park Do Hyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union has established regulations on automated decisions in Article 22 with the proliferation of artificial intelligence. In response, the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) of South Korea, serving as a counterpart to the GDPR, has recently incorporated provisions for automated decisions under Article 37-2 through an amendment. Although the PIPA follows a distinct legal framework from the GDPR, it is crucial to ensure an equivalent level of protection for fundamental rights. Recognising this concern, this study analyses the differences between the PIPA and GDPR regarding automated decisions, focusing on three aspects: format, target, and content. This analysis identifies that the PIPA lacks comprehensive safeguards for data subjects in certain aspects compared to the GDPR. First, regarding the format, the PIPA grants the right to object rather than establishing a general prohibition to automated decisions, posing limitations in protecting individuals who are unable to effectively exercise their rights. Second, in terms of the target, the PIPA regulates a completely automated status at the overall system level, creating a regulatory vacuum for a multi-stage profiling system. Third, concerning the content, the PIPA faces several technical and practical limitations that remain unresolved in delineating the content of the right to explanation. Building upon this analysis, this study proposes potential legislation and interpretation remedies to address these concerns based on each aspect.
The effect of environmental values, beliefs, and norms on social entrepreneurial intentions among Chinese university students
Authors: Yang Qing , Al Mamun Abdullah , Long Siyu , Gao Jingzu , Ali Khairul Anuar Mohd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the factors influencing university students’ social entrepreneurial intentions based on the values-beliefs-norms theory. Data were collected from 769 Chinese university students through online surveys. The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results confirmed the positive influence of altruistic and traditional values on normative beliefs. Awareness of the consequences and attribution of responsibility had no significant effect on personal norms among university students, which have been discussed in-depth in relation to the phenomenon of inadequate student socialization due to closed-loop management policies at Chinese universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the findings verified the positive and significant effects of personal, injunctive, and descriptive social norms on social entrepreneurship intentions. With the aim of promoting social entrepreneurship among university students and broadening the understanding of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurs, this study provides a favorable direction and expands the discussion on the topic. The results will help the government and universities foster more effective prosocial behaviors among university students.
Effect of L-carnosine on frozen ram-semen quality evaluated by CASA and flow-cytometry
Authors: Güngör İbrahim Halil , Gür Seyfettin , Güler Ekmen Edanur 
Published: July 2024

Context Successful freezing of ram semen has not yet reached the desired levels. The main reason for this situation could be due to the fact that the spermatozoa of this species have a lipid composition different from that of other species. Aims The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of L-carnosine added to the extender on ram semen after being frozen and thawed. Methods Semen was collected from six Akkaraman rams twice a week for a period of 3 weeks. Pooling was performed at each time. The semen were reconstituted with a pre-prepared tris + egg yolk solution and different amounts of L-carnosine to form experimental groups (Group 1: 1 mM, Group 2: 5 mM, Group 3: 10 mM, Group 4: 20 mM, Group 5: control) and were drawn into 0.25 mL mini straws. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to freezing by using an automated freezing device. Following the freezing process, the straws were placed in containers containing liquid nitrogen and thawed after 24 h. Key results After thawing, it was found that the samples containing 5 mM L-carnosine had superior results in all analyses. This concentration exhibited significantly higher percentages of progressive, total, and rapid sperm motility, live spermatozoa, high mitochondrial membrane potential rate, and higher GSH-Px concentrations. In addition, it was determined that 5 mM L-carnosine group protected the membrane integrity and significantly decreased the rate of abnormal spermatozoa, acrosomal damage rate, low mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic cell rate. Conclusions As a result, It was determined that adding 5 mM of L-carnosine to the semen extender during the freezing of ram samples would be beneficial for successful freezing. Implications The addition of 5 mM L-carnosine to ram-semen extenders ensures the freezability of the semen of this species; thus, this protocol could be used to perform artificial insemination with frozen ram semen.
Spatiotemporal measurement of electron number density in high density laser-induced plasmas using laser absorption
Authors: Kim Kyunho , Bong Cheolwoo , Bak Moon Soo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Laser absorption measurements were conducted on a high-density, laser-induced plasma produced in atmospheric-pressure air to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of its electron number density. Measurements taken both along and perpendicular to the plasma’s symmetric axis showed that, upon formation, the plasma propagates in the direction opposite to the laser beam used for plasma generation, while expanding rapidly radially. The spatiotemporal evolution of the electron density was further analyzed from the measurements taken perpendicular to the plasma’s symmetric axis through tomographic reconstruction. Notably, the reconstruction was achieved using a genetic algorithm, as a probe laser beam used for absorption measurement is non-negligible in size compared to the plasma. Importantly, our measurements could reveal that the electron density reaches 4.99 × 1019 cm−3 immediately after the plasma formation at the center; moreover, there is a development of a pressure wave with high electron density, propagating outward radially due to the rapid expansion of the produced plasma.
Research on the sub-millisecond underwater electrical wire explosion process
Authors: Liu Yi , Xu Youlai , Li LiuXia , Wang Tianyu , Lin Fuchang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Underwater electric wire explosion (UEWE) has great potential as a shockwave source for medical and industrial applications. This paper focuses on the process of the sub-millisecond underwater electrical wire explosion (smUEWE). The study compared the smUEWE and the microsecond underwater electrical wire explosion, which revealed the occurrence of partial vaporization under smUEWE, leading to the formation of bamboo-shaped cavities and frontal shock waves. The experiments of smUEWE were carried out under different stored energy, the results indicated the plasma shrinkage and cavity separation during the overall ionization process. Additionally, the study observed secondary breakdown caused by the uneven distribution of ionization products. An analysis was conducted on smUEWE considering partial vaporization, which divided the electrical explosion into a positive feedback process which promoted the axial instability and a negative feedback process which formed the uniform plasma channel. The analysis results was consistent with the experimental results.
Strain aided drastic reduction in lattice thermal conductivity and improved thermoelectric properties in Janus MXenes
Authors: Murari Himanshu , Shaw Swati , Ghosh Subhradip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Surface and strain engineering are among the cheaper ways to modulate structure property relations in materials. Due to their compositional flexibilities, MXenes, the family of two-dimensional materials, provide enough opportunity for surface engineering. In this work, we have explored the possibility of improving thermoelectric efficiency of MXenes through these routes. The Janus MXenes obtained by modifications of the transition metal constituents and the functional groups passivating their surfaces are considered as surface engineered materials on which bi-axial strain is applied in a systematic way. We find that in the three Janus compounds Zr2COS, ZrHfCO2 and ZrHfCOS, tensile strain modifies the electronic and lattice thermoelectric parameters such that the thermoelectric efficiency can be maximised. A remarkable reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity due to increased anharmonicity and elevation in Seebeck coefficient are obtained by application of moderate tensile strain. With the help of first-principles electronic structure method and semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory we analyse the interplay of structural parameters, electronic and dynamical properties to understand the effects of strain and surface modifications on thermoelectric properties of these systems. Our detailed calculations and in depth analysis lead not only to the microscopic understanding of the influences of surface and strain engineering in these three systems, but also provide enough insights for adopting this approach and improve thermoelectric efficiencies in similar systems.
Phase shift of coherent magnetization dynamics after ultrafast demagnetization in strongly quenched nickel thin films
Authors: Lentfert Akira , De Anulekha , Scheuer Laura , Stadtmüller Benjamin , von Freymann Georg , Aeschlimann Martin , Pirro Philipp 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The remagnetization process after ultrafast demagnetization can be described by relaxation mechanisms between the spin, electron, and lattice reservoirs. Thereby, collective spin excitations in form of spin waves and their angular momentum transfer play an important role on the longer timescales. In this work, we address the question whether the magnitude of demagnetization—the so-called quenching—affects the coherency and the phase of the excited spin waves. We present a study of coherent magnetization dynamics in thin nickel films after ultrafast demagnetization using the all-optical, time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr-effect technique. The largest coherent precession amplitude was observed for strongly quenched systems, indicating a well-defined precession phase for all pump pulses at a demagnetization of up to 90% in this system. Moreover, the phase of the excited spin-waves in Ni increases with the pump fluence, indicating a delayed start of the precession during the remagnetization. We compare these findings to recent studies in Ni80Fe20 (permalloy), to evaluate the influence of the magneto-elastic coupling and non-linear spin-wave dynamics on the magnetization dynamics.
Interpretable coal-rock cutting vibration recognition with Markov transition field and selective neural networks
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Zhang Jiaxin , Cao Wenyan , Yao Linhu , Fang Zhiwen , Li Chao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To address the low accuracy of current one-dimensional signal recognition for coal-rock cutting vibration and the low efficiency of traditional static neural networks, this paper proposes an interpretable recognition method that combines Markov transition field (MTF) and channel-selective neural networks. Firstly, by decomposing and reconstructing the energy of wavelet packets and denoising the signal, it is transformed into MTF images with temporal correlation to improve signal processing efficiency. Then, a channel selective module is proposed to replace traditional convolutional layers, enhancing the model’s ability to extract data features. A spatial shift mechanism is improved to alleviate the problem of weight degradation and improve the model’s generalization capability. Experimental results on the self-built dataset show that MTF can effectively capture the dynamic characteristics of time series data compared to other signal transformation methods. ResNet + SelectConv achieved recognition accuracy of 97.375% without adding extra parameters and maintained good robustness in noise environments up to 6 dB, significantly outperforming traditional methods. This study improves the efficiency and accuracy of coal-rock cutting state recognition and provides new insights for signal processing in environments with limited underground computational resources.
Depth-resolved characterization of centrifugal disk finishing of additively manufactured Inconel 718
Authors: Peterson Kenneth M , Rifat Mustafa , DeMeter Edward C , Basu Saurabh , Pagan Darren C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Surface characteristics are a major contributor to the in-service performance, particularly fatigue life, of additively manufactured (AM) components. Centrifugal disk finishing (CDF) is one of many rigid media, abrasive machining processes employed to smooth the surfaces and edges of AM components. Within the general family of abrasive machining processes currently applied to AM, CDF is moderate in terms of material removal rate and the inertial forces exerted. How CDF alters the underlying microstructure of the processed surface is currently unknown. Here, white light profilometry and high-energy x-ray diffraction are employed to characterize surface finish, crystallographic texture, and anisotropic distributions of residual microscale strain as a function of depth in CDF-finished Inconel 718 manufactured with laser powder bed fusion. Surfaces are finished using both unimodal and bimodal finishing media size distributions. The CDF processes employed are found to remove surface crystallographic textures (here a {111} fiber texture) from AM components, but generally not alter the bulk texture (here a cube texture). CDF is also found to impart significant amounts of residual microscale strain into the first 100 μm from the sample surface.
A computational analysis of the impact of thin undoped channels in surface-related current collapse of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Zervos Christos , Beleniotis Petros , Rudolph Matthias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study provides an insight into the impact of thin purely undoped GaN channel thickness (t
ch) on surface-related trapping effects in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. Our TCAD study suggests that in cases where parasitic gate leakage is the driving trapping mechanism that promotes the injection of electrons from the Schottky gate contact into surface states, this effect can be alleviated by reducing t
ch of the undoped GaN channel. We show that by decreasing t
ch from 130 to 10 nm, devices exhibit a reduction in gate-related current collapse under the specific class-B RF operating bias conditions as a consequence of a substantial decrease in the off-state gate leakage with reducing t
ch. Large-signal simulations revealed an increase by 3 W mm−1 and about 12% output power and power-added efficiency due to the decrease of gate-related collapse. This work, for the first time, highlights the role of a proper purely undoped GaN t
ch selection to alleviate gate-related surface trapping in the design of GaN-based microwave power amplifiers.
A novel and fast electromagnetic and electrothermal software for quench analysis of high field magnets
Authors: Dadhich Anang , Fazilleau Philippe , Pardo Enric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-field superconducting REBCO magnets contain several coils with many turns. For these magnets, electro-thermal quench is an issue that magnet designers need to take into account. Thus, there is a need for a fast and accurate software to numerically model the overall performance of full-scale magnets. High temperature superconductors can be modeled using different techniques for electro-magnetic and thermal (finite element method) analysis. However, it takes a lot of time to model the electro-magnetic and electro-thermal behavior of superconductors simultaneously, especially for non-insulated or metal-insulated coils. In addition, most of the available methods ignore screening currents, which are an important feature of REBCO magnets. We have developed a novel software programmed in C++, which performs coupled electro-magnetic and electro-thermal analysis using variational methods based on minimum electro-magnetic entropy production and finite difference, respectively. The developed software, which takes screening currents into account, is applied to axi-symmetric full scale magnets of more than 32 T field strength under the SuperEMFL project for thermal quench reliability during standard operation. We show that magnets incorporating non-insulated coils are more reliable against quench than metal insulated coils. Also, realistic cooling conditions at the boundaries are essential for such simulations. The model developed can be used for a quick and complete electro-magnetic and electro-thermal analysis of superconducting high field magnets.
Large-area superconducting nanowire arrays fabricated by nano laser direct writing
Authors: Huang Yicong , Wu Yao , Zhang Haohui , Zhou Han , Zhang Wenzhi , Chen Enhua , Liu Wenqian , Zhang Chaoyun , Li Shangqing , Wang Xiaoliang , Liu Daqian , Peng Xiuyan , Lin Jianxin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report on the fabrication, structural, and electrical transport characterizations of superconducting nanowire arrays based on nano-laser direct writing (NLDW). The thermal excitation-induced micro/nano fabrication based on the interactions between NLDW and superconducting Nb films was experimentally analyzed and simulated. Experimentally, the arrays of superconducting nanowires have an area of 190 × 190

μ

m

2

with a critical transition temperature Tc
of 7.8 K and a critical current density Jc
of 20.8 MA cm−2 at 4.0 K. The width and arrangement of the nanowires are precisely controlled, exhibiting a minimal loss of 0.6 K in Tc
and excellent Jc
after LDW. The width of superconducting nanowires could be further optimized by adjusting parameters such as laser power, irradiation gap, and delay of points. Compared with electron beam lithography and focused ion beam, to some extent, the nanowires fabrication process based on NLDW provides a more efficient and cost-effective path for fabricating large-area superconducting circuits and devices.
Effect of adiabatic trapping of electrons on the nonlinear evolution of ion temperature gradient driven drift mode in a dispersive plasma
Authors: Hassan S , Jahangir R , Masood W , Siddiq M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We have theoretically investigated the effect of adiabatic trapping of electrons on ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven nonlinear drift mode in a warm and dispersive electron-ion plasma. For this purpose, we have incorporated the gradients in the background plasma density, ion temperature and ambient magnetic field and derived two different nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). One of them contains only fractional nonlinearity while the other one incorporates the effect of both quadratic and fractional nonlinearities. We have obtained the exact solutions of these NLPDEs by using the functional variable method. We have used the graphical analysis to carry out the parametric study of the obtained solutions for the Tokamak plasma parameters. We have shown that the amplitude and the width of these nonlinear structures depend on the plasma parameters like T

e
, T

i
and η

i
. This work may be helpful to understand the effect of electron trapping on the low frequency drift type modes in laboratory and space plasmas.
Smoothing and flattening the universe through slow contraction versus inflation
Authors: Ijjas Anna , Steinhardt Paul J. , Garfinkle David , Cook William G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In a systematic study, we use an equivalent pair of improved numerical relativity codes based on a tetrad-formulation of the classical Einstein-scalar field equations to examine whether slow contraction or inflation (or both) can resolve the homogeneity, isotropy and flatness problems. Our finding, based on a set of gauge/frame invariant diagnostics and the models considered, is that slow contraction robustly and rapidly smooths and flattens spacetime
beginning from initial conditions that are outside the perturbative regime of the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, whereas inflation fails these tests. We present new numerical evidence supporting the conjecture that the combination of ultralocal evolution and an effective equation-of-state with pressure much greater than energy density is the key to having robust and rapid smoothing. The opposite of ultralocality occurs in expanding spacetimes, which is the leading obstruction to smoothing following a big bang.