bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐evaluative and emotion processes linked with brooding rumination among adolescents
Authors: Burwell Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTRumination has been linked with a number of deleterious outcomes, though relatively little is known about self‐evaluative and emotion processes by which it develops. The current investigation uses a prospective, longitudinal design and self‐report measures to examine the role of contingent self‐worth, perfectionism, negative emotion beliefs, and suppression of negative emotion in predicting the development of brooding and reflective forms of rumination among 168 adolescents (98 girls, 79.6% European‐American) undergoing the transition to high school (Mage = 13.58). Results of structural equation modeling indicate that self‐evaluative vulnerability (i.e., self‐worth contingencies, perfectionism) and negative emotion beliefs, but not the suppression of negative emotion, predict brooding (but not reflective) rumination. The current study demonstrates how brooding is intertwined with views of self and core assumptions about emotion.
Anxiety disorders and depression among high school adolescents and youths in Nigeria: Understanding differential effects of physical abuse at home and school
Authors: Fakunmoju Sunday B. , Bammeke Funmi O. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDespite the exposure of children to physical abuse in more than one setting in many regions of the world, little is known about the associations of physical abuse in different settings (e.g., at home and school) with anxiety disorders and depression among adolescents and youths. Using a convenience sample of 502 adolescents and youths ages 13–23 years from five public and three private senior secondary schools in Nigeria, the study examined associations of gender and physical abuse by parents with anxiety disorders as well as associations of physical abuse by parents and/or teachers with depression in the sample, 39.6% of whom had experienced physical abuse at home and in school. Findings suggest that physical abuse by parents was associated with anxiety disorders and depression than physical abuse by teachers. Being female was equally associated with anxiety disorders. Implications of findings for mental health, practice, research, and theory are discussed.
Work or family or both? Value trajectories and their prediction over ten years
Authors: Tschopp Cécile , Keller Anita C. , Stalder Barbara E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that values are developed during young adulthood. This study investigated whether and when developmental trajectories of values depend on gender, language region, cognitive competence, expected education duration, and ambition. Longitudinal data of 2620 adolescents in Switzerland were collected at eight waves of measurement over 10 years. Latent growth model analysis revealed that work values mainly increase between ages 16 and 20, whereas family values primarily increase after age 20. This pattern fits the major life and career roles sequence: Becoming established in one's career comes first, and focusing on family building follows later. The initial levels and development of values were essentially affected by gender, but other individual factors such as cognitive competence, expected education duration, and ambition also showed some effect, particularly on family values. These new insights into the development of values improve the understanding of the career decisions and career behavior of adolescents.
Maternal omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B12 deficient diet normalizes angiogenic markers in the pup brain at birth
Authors: Rathod Richa S. , Khaire Amrita A. , Kale Anvita A. , Joshi Sadhana R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids are critical for normal brain development and function and their deficiencies during pregnancy could have adverse effects on cognitive performance in children. Our earlier studies indicate that both maternal vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids influence brain development by regulating the levels of neurotrophins. Literature suggests that there exists a cross talk between neurotrophins like nerve growth factor (NGF) and angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It remains to be established whether maternal nutrients like vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids influence the levels of angiogenic markers like VEGF and NGF in the brain of the offspring. Therefore the present study examines the effect of maternal vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids on protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF‐1 alpha (hypoxia inducible factor alpha) and NGF in the pup brain at birth. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into five dietary groups (n = 8 each): control, vitamin B12 deficient, vitamin B12 deficient + omega‐3 fatty acid, vitamin B12 supplemented, vitamin B12 supplemented + omega‐3 fatty acid. At birth the pups were dissected to collect the brain tissue. Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency showed lower (p < 0.05) pup brain mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.01) of VEGF, higher (p < 0.01) HIF‐1 alpha protein levels, lower (p < 0.05) NGF protein levels while NGF mRNA levels were not altered. Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B12 deficient group normalized the VEGF mRNA levels, NGF protein levels and HIF‐1 alpha protein levels. Vitamin B12 supplementation showed similar protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and NGF as well as HIF‐1 alpha protein levels as compared to control. Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to the vitamin B12 supplemented group showed higher (p < 0.01) protein and mRNA levels of NGF but the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF were comparable to control. In conclusion maternal vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids both influence the levels and expression of neurotrophins and angiogenic factors in the offspring brain suggesting a possible benefit of combined maternal supplementation of these vital nutrients.
Reduced systemic vascular resistance is the underlying hemodynamic mechanism in nitrate‐stimulated vasovagal syncope during head‐up tilt‐table test
Authors: Kim Byung Gyu , Cho Sung Woo , Lee Hye Young , Kim Deok Hee , Byun Young Sup , Goh Choong Won , Rhee Kun Joo , Kim Byung Ok 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundNitroglycerin (NTG) challenge during head‐up tilt‐table testing (HUTT) is often utilized to determine the etiology of unexplained vascular syncope. However, conflicting results concerning nitrate‐induced hemodynamic changes during HUTT have been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of presyncopal symptoms during NTG‐stimulated HUTT.MethodsWe evaluated 40 patients with suspected vasovagal syncope. Beat‐to‐beat changes in blood pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during HUTT were measured with thoracic impedance cardiography and a plethysmographic finger arterial pressure monitoring device.ResultsNone of the 40 patients complained of presyncopal symptoms during passive HUTT. However, after the administration of NTG 28 patients showed presyncopal symptoms (NTG+ group) and the remaining 12 patients did not (NTG– group). HR, CI, and the stroke index did not significantly differ between the two groups, whereas mean arterial pressure and SVR were significantly lower in the NTG+ group.ConclusionsPresyncopal symptoms during NTG‐stimulated HUTT are SVR mediated, not cardiac output mediated. This study challenges the conventional idea of a decrease in cardiac output mediated by NTG as the overriding cause of presyncopal symptoms during HUTT.
A combination of probiotics and whey proteins enhances anti-obesity effects of calcium and dairy products during nutritional energy restriction in aP2-agouti transgenic mice
Authors: Yoda Kazutoyo , Sun Xiaocum , Kawase Manabu , Kubota Akira , Miyazawa Kenji , Harata Gaku , Hosoda Masataka , Hiramatsu Masaru , He Fang , Zemel Michael B. 
Published: April 2015

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillusparacasei TMC0409, Streptococcus thermophilus TMC1543 and whey proteins were used to prepare fermented milk. For the experiment aP2–agouti transgenic mice were pre-treated with a high-sucrose/high-fat diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity. The obese mice were fed a diet containing 1·2 % Ca and either non-fat dried milk (NFDM) or probiotic-fermented milk (PFM) with nutritional energy restriction for 6 weeks. The animals were examined after the treatment for changes in body weight, fat pad weight, fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity, lypolysis, the expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle and the presence of biomarkers for oxidative and inflammatory stress in plasma. It was found that the PFM diet significantly reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and adipocyte FAS activity, and increased adipocyte lipolysis as compared with the effects of the NFDM diet (P< 0·05). The adipose tissue gene expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) was significantly suppressed in mice that were fed PFM as compared with those that were fed NFDM (P< 0·05). PFM caused a greater up-regulation of skeletal muscle PPARα, PPARδ, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and GLUT4 expression and a significant decrease in the plasma concentration of insulin, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and C-reactive protein as compared with the effects of NFDM (P< 0·05). Fermentation of milk with selected probiotics and supplementation of milk with whey proteins may thus enhance anti-obesity effects of Ca and dairy products by the suppression of adipose tissue lipogenesis, activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and reduction of oxidative and inflammatory stress.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Ortleppascaris sinensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from the Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis
Authors: Zhao J.H. , Wang S.S. , Tu G.J. , Zhou Y.K. , Wu X.B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new nematode species, Ortleppascaris sinensis sp. nov. (Ascaridoidea), is described from specimens found in the stomach and intestine of the Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis Fauvel, 1879 (Crocodilian: Alligatoridae) in the National Nature Reserve of Chinese Alligator (Chinese Crocodile Lake) in Anhui Province, China. This is the first description of O. sinensis sp. nov. in both China and this crocodile host, increasing its distribution in South Asia as well as expanding the number of helminths known to infect this crocodile. The detailed description of O. sinensis sp. nov., based on light and scanning electron microscopic examination, provides new taxonomic data for this species, and we also report sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), small subunit DNA segments (18S) and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene.
Pericarp structure of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach (Asteraceae) cypselae controls water uptake during germination
Authors: Puglia Giuseppe , Grimaldi Simona , Carta Angelino , Pavone Pietro , Toorop Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach is a common Mediterranean weed producing distinctive central and peripheral dormant cypselae with a hard fruit coat, which was previously hypothesized to impose physical dormancy. Analysis of water uptake in cypselae and in naked seeds showed that it preferentially takes place at the basal end of the fruit; however, seeds within an intact pericarp do not fully imbibe when compared with naked seeds. Germination was not significantly different between the two heteromorphs, and afterripening or cold stratification did not increase germination, while warm stratification at 35/20°C, as revealed by logistic regression, resulted in a significant improvement. However, loss of viability was also rapid at these high temperatures. Central and peripheral cypselae generally showed very low germination. In both heteromorphs, faster and higher germination (60–70%) was reached only after extensive scarification of pericarp tissue, and full germination was observed only after complete removal of pericarp tissue. Although the pericarp significantly reduced water uptake, no palisade layer(s) of macrosclereids could be observed. Xylem-vessel elements were found running through the basal end of the pericarp and forming the main point of water entry. We reject the hypothesis that G. coronaria cypselae have physical dormancy. Instead, water uptake and germination are impeded by: (1) directed water uptake, mainly through a pericarp-spanning channel-like structure; and (2) mechanical constraint on embryo growth exerted by the hard pericarp. The channel-like structure forms the principal system for controlling seed germination.
Polyubiquitin chain-dependent protein degradation in TRIM30 cytoplasmic bodies
Authors: Choi Un Yung , Choi Won Young , Hur Ji Yeon , Kim Young-Joon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractViral infection induces numerous tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins to control antiviral immune signaling and viral replication. Particularly, SPRY-containing TRIM proteins are found only in vertebrates and they control target protein degradation by their RING-finger and SPRY domains, and proper cytoplasmic localization. To understand TRIM30 function, we analyzed its localization pattern and putative roles of its RING-finger and SPRY domains. We found that TRIM30 is located in actin-mediated cytoplasmic bodies and produces colocalized ubiquitin chains in SPRY domain- and RING-finger domain-dependent ways that are degraded by autophagy and the proteasome. These results suggest a TRIM protein-dependent degradation mechanism by cytoplasmic body formation with actin networks.
Foxp1-mediated programming of limb-innervating motor neurons from mouse and human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Adams Katrina L. , Rousso David L. , Umbach Joy A. , Novitch Bennett G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSpinal motor neurons (MNs) control diverse motor tasks including respiration, posture and locomotion that are disrupted by neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. Methods directing MN differentiation from stem cells have been developed to enable disease modelling in vitro. However, most protocols produce only a limited subset of endogenous MN subtypes. Here we demonstrate that limb-innervating lateral motor column (LMC) MNs can be efficiently generated from mouse and human embryonic stem cells through manipulation of the transcription factor Foxp1. Foxp1-programmed MNs exhibit features of medial and lateral LMC MNs including expression of specific motor pool markers and axon guidance receptors. Importantly, they preferentially project axons towards limb muscle explants in vitro and distal limb muscles in vivo upon transplantation–hallmarks of bona fide LMC MNs. These results present an effective approach for generating specific MN populations from stem cells for studying MN development and disease.
Reconstitution and structure of a bacterial Pnkp1–Rnl–Hen1 RNA repair complex
Authors: Wang Pei , Selvadurai Kiruthika , Huang Raven H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRibotoxins cleave essential RNAs for cell killing, and RNA repair neutralizes the damage inflicted by ribotoxins for cell survival. Here we report a new bacterial RNA repair complex that performs RNA repair linked to immunity. This new RNA repair complex is a 270-kDa heterohexamer composed of three proteins—Pnkp1, Rnl and Hen1—that are required to repair ribotoxin-cleaved RNA in vitro. The crystal structure of the complex reveals the molecular architecture of the heterohexamer as two rhomboid-shaped ring structures of Pnkp1–Rnl–Hen1 heterotrimer fused at the Pnkp1 dimer interface. The four active sites required for RNA repair are located on the inner rim of each ring. The architecture and the locations of the active sites of the Pnkp1–Rnl–Hen1 heterohexamer suggest an ordered series of repair reactions at the broken RNA ends that confer immunity to recurrent damage.
Lopimune-induced mitochondrial toxicity is attenuated by increased uncoupling protein-2 level in treated mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Hoss Sara El , Bahr Georges M. , Echtay Karim S. 
Published: April 2015

Although the protease inhibitor (PI) Lopimune has proven to be effective, no studies have examined the side effects of Lopimune on mitochondrial bioenergetics in hepatocytes. The objective of the present study is to evaluate mitochondrial respiration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in mouse hepatocytes following Lopimune administration. Mitochondria were extracted from mouse liver using differential centrifugation and hepatocytes were isolated by the collagenase perfusion procedure. Mitochondrial respiration was measured using a Rank Brothers oxygen electrode. ROS production in hepatocytes was monitored by flow cytometry using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate probe and UCP2 protein expression was detected by Western blotting. We found that Lopimune induced a significant decrease of approximately 30% in the respiratory control ratio (RCR) starting from day 4 until day 9 of treatment. This decrease was due to an increase in state 4 respiration, reflecting an increase in mitochondrial proton leak. State 2 and state 3 respirations were not affected. Moreover, ROS production significantly increased by about 2-fold after day 1 of treatment and decreased after day 3, returning to the resting level on day 5. Interestingly, UCP2 which is absent from control hepatocytes, was expressed starting from day 4 of treatment. Our findings indicate that Lopimune-induced proton leak, mediated by UCP2, may represent a response to inhibit the production of ROS as a negative feedback regulatory mechanism. These results imply a potential involvement of UCP2 in the regulation of oxidative stress and add new insights into the understanding of mitochondrial toxicity induced by PIs.
Membrane fusion during phage lysis
Authors: Rajaure Manoj , Berry Joel , Kongari Rohit , Cahill Jesse , Young Ry 
Published: April 2015

Significance
These findings reveal that membrane fusion is integral to the most common prokaryotic cell fate, phage lysis, and constitutes an unprecedented topological mechanism for the removal of the last barrier to viral release. Moreover, membrane fusion in this context appears to be mediated entirely by the phage-encoded spanins in a compartment devoid of ATP. Thus, the mechanism of membrane fusion can be addressed in a very simple system accessible to the power of phage genetics.
Enhancement of radiation effect on cancer cells by gold-pHLIP
Authors: Antosh Michael P. , Wijesinghe Dayanjali D. , Shrestha Samana , Lanou Robert , Huang Yun Hu , Hasselbacher Thomas , Fox David , Neretti Nicola , Sun Shouheng , Katenka Natallia , Cooper Leon N , Andreev Oleg A. , Reshetnyak Yana K. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Nanometer-sized gold particles are shown to increase the effectiveness of radiation in killing cancer cells. Improved radiation effectiveness allows less radiation to be used, reducing adverse effects to patients. Alternatively, more cancer killing could be possible while using current radiation doses. Here we used pH Low-Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) to tether gold nanoparticles to membranes of cancer cells. This increases their effectiveness because the radiation/particle effect is very localized. We find that pHLIP significantly increases the amount of gold particles in cancer cells, as well as the amount of cancer cell death from radiation. This methodology is promising for clinical research, as previous results show efficient targeting of gold nanoparticles to tumors by pHLIP.
Heightened potency of human pluripotent stem cell lines created by transient BMP4 exposure
Authors: Yang Ying , Adachi Katsuyuki , Sheridan Megan A. , Alexenko Andrei P. , Schust Danny J. , Schulz Laura C. , Ezashi Toshihiko , Roberts R. Michael 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Human ES cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate along all the major cell lineages of the embryo proper, but there is evidence that they can also give rise to extraembryonic placental trophoblast. This observation is controversial because human ESCs (hESCs) are considered to arise from a part of the embryo that does not contribute to trophoblast. Here, we describe stable, self-renewing stem cell lines derived from hESCs and iPSCs by brief exposure to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) that appear poised to differentiate readily along all the main developmental cell lineages, including placental trophoblast. BMP4 signaling may thus play a role in the early embryo by establishing a cell state permissive for trophoblast development.
Protection in antibody- and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases by antiinflammatory IgG Fcs requires type II FcRs
Authors: Fiebiger Benjamin M. , Maamary Jad , Pincetic Andrew , Ravetch Jeffrey V. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
IgG molecules are capable of inducing pro- and antiinflammatory responses dependent on their fragment crystallizable domain (Fc) glycan composition. Antiinflammatory responses are specifically triggered upon Fc sialylation, which decreases the binding affinity for type I Fc receptors but enhances binding to type II Fc receptors such as SIGN-R1, CD23, or human DC-SIGN. Structural analyses revealed that sialylation induces conformational changes in the Fc portion, which is a prerequisite for the selective binding to type II Fc receptors. Here we generated an Fc variant, F241A, that mimics the conformational state of sialylated Fc. F241A, even when nonsialylated, mediated protection from autoantibody- and T cell-mediated inflammation in a type II Fc receptor-dependent manner.
CDK1 substitutes for mTOR kinase to activate mitotic cap-dependent protein translation
Authors: Shuda Masahiro , Velásquez Celestino , Cheng Erdong , Cordek Daniel G. , Kwun Hyun Jin , Chang Yuan , Moore Patrick S. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Cancer cell proliferation is highly dependent on cap-dependent protein synthesis, which is generally assumed to be inhibited during mitosis. Using a viral oncoprotein that enforces mitosis, we show that CDK1 substitutes for mTOR interphase functions to phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) to a mitosis-specific δ isoform. Flow cytometric assays reveal that mitotic cells have high levels of inactivated 4E-BP1 and do not generally show specific loss of cap-dependent translation compared with interphase cells. This appears to be due to cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity during mitosis. Mitotic cells typically represent less than 1% of all cells in bulk culture, and mitosis-arresting drugs, such as nocodazole, can directly inhibit mitotic protein translation, potentially explaining differences between our findings and previous studies showing reduced cap-dependent translation during mitosis.
MeCP2 binds to non-CG methylated DNA as neurons mature, influencing transcription and the timing of onset for Rett syndrome
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Kaifu , Lavery Laura A. , Baker Steven Andrew , Shaw Chad A. , Li Wei , Zoghbi Huda Y. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Decades of research have not deciphered the mechanism by which methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) regulates transcription and why Rett symptoms manifest 1 to 2 y after birth. We hypothesized that the temporal dynamics of MeCP2 binding might provide an answer. We developed mice with an EGFP-tagged MeCP2 allele to identify high-resolution MeCP2 binding profiles in the adult mouse brain. Using genomic binding profiles, methylation maps, and mRNA deep-sequencing data, we found MeCP2 binds to non-CG methylation (mCH, not mCG) to regulate expression of genes altered in mouse models of MeCP2 disorders. These data and the parallel timing of mCH and MeCP2 postnatal accumulation suggest MeCP2 binds mCH as neurons mature to regulate gene expression, offering an explanation for the delayed onset of Rett.