bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulation in moulting and feeding Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) caterpillars
Authors: Serratore Vanessa R , Zalucki Myron P , Carter Patrick A 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBody temperature in insects is affected by interactions between environmental variables, behavioural choices and the physiological state of the animal. Insect larvae display a number of tactics for thermoregulation which allow their body temperatures to deviate several degrees from ambient. Thermoregulatory adaptations can reduce generation time and allow higher population growth rates. However, few investigations have examined thermoregulation of moulting larvae. This study measured whether moulting Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae thermoregulate, and, if so, whether they thermoregulate similarly to feeding larvae. Body temperatures of moulting and feeding larvae were compared to their microhabitat temperatures. In three of four environments, feeding larvae were able to thermoregulate in such a way that their body temperature was higher than ambient at low ambient temperature, and lower than ambient at higher ambient temperature. However, moulting larvae appear not to thermoregulate because their body temperature did not differ from ambient in three of four environments. These results pose the question of whether larvae are behaviourally and/or physiologically constrained from thermoregulating during the moulting process. Additional studies are needed to address such questions and would help to elucidate the impact of thermoregulation of moulting larvae on the ecology and evolution of insects.
Honeydew as a source of nutrition for Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): effect of adult diet on lifespan and egg load
Authors: Hopkinson Jamie E , Zalucki Myron P , Murray David A H 
Published: September 2012

AbstractParasitoid survival and fecundity is generally enhanced with access to carbohydrate food sources. In many agricultural ecosystems, there is often a scarcity of suitable carbohydrates for parasitoids. This study compared the suitability of aphid honeydew and buckwheat nectar as diet for the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes. Wasp lifespan and egg load were both increased with access to carbohydrates, but no differences were detected between the various carbohydrates diets tested. As aphid honeydew is a sufficient source of nutrition and L. testaceipes is a short‐lived species, adding additional sources of carbohydrates like floral nectar strips to the agricultural landscape is unlikely to significantly increase the biological control exerted by L. testaceipes.
Mobilities and Knowledge Transfer: Understanding the Contribution of Volunteer Stays to North–South Healthcare Partnerships
Authors: Ackers Helen Louise 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper, I review recent literature on the relationship between human mobility and knowledge transfer processes, and apply some of the more theoretical ideas to an evaluation of the kinds of mobility in whichUKparticipants engage in the context of North–South healthcare partnerships (HCPs). Much of the contemporary research on highly skilled mobility highlights the role that short stays and circular mobility play in knowledge transfer processes. I consider the value of short stays in the travel–mobility–migration continuum and the contribution they make to the transfer, translation and effectiveness of knowledge. Healthcare partnerships are best conceptualized as knowledge networks, with various forms of mobility (both physical and virtual) playing a critical role in network‐generation, evolution and impact. I outline the findings of two studies. The first is an evaluation ofHCPs (Ackers and Porter, 2011) and the second an in‐depth ongoing evaluation of oneHCPknown as the Liverpool–Mulago Partnership orLMP1(Porter et al., 2011). The results raise questions about the relationship between the different types of mobility that participants inHCPs (predominantly professional volunteers) engage in, particularly the duration and repeated quality of stays, and knowledge transfer processes. Williams argues that “there are still major gaps in our understanding of the specific contribution of international migration to knowledge transfer, of the processes involved, and of the conditions that facilitate this” (2006 588). In this paper, I begin to close some of these gaps and advance our understanding of the relationship between different forms of mobility and knowledge transfer processes, in the hopes that this will build the evidence base supporting the contribution of North–SouthHCPs to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals2.
Decreasing the Recent Immigrant Earnings Gap: The Impact of Canadian Credential Attainment
Authors: Banerjee Rupa , Lee Byron Y. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is well documented that newly arrived immigrants face a significant earnings gap relative to native‐born workers. One way for new immigrants to improve their relative labour market position upon arrival in a host country is to improve their educational credentials. According to signalling theory, a host‐country credential should provide employers with a proxy for true productivity on the job, leading to higher earnings. Using data from a Canadian longitudinal survey, we employ longitudinal growth‐curve techniques to estimate the effect of receiving a Canadian educational credential on the income growth of racial‐minority recent immigrants compared to native‐born Canadians. The results indicate that the earnings gap between recent immigrants and native‐born Canadians is significantly reduced with the attainment of a Canadian educational credential.
Bangladeshi Migrant Workers in Hong Kong: Adaptation Strategies in an Ethnically Distant Destination
Authors: Ahsan Ullah A.K.M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe paper attempts to explore the adaptation‐related challenges that Bangladeshi migrant workers in Hong Kong face and the strategies they adopt to triumph over them. Data were collected through administering both closed and open‐ended questionnaires to 56 migrant workers in Hong Kong during 2005–2006. The study revealed that most of the respondents stayed in Hong Kong legally but worked illegally because of the fact that although they could extend their stay permits, they were not grated work permits. This exclusive circumstance places them in a number of difficult situations. In attempting to adapt to Hong Kong society, they embrace a number of interesting and unique strategies to surmount challenges.
Class, gender and time poverty: a time‐use analysis of British workers’ free time resources
Authors: Chatzitheochari Stella , Arber Sara 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFree time, that is, the time that remains at one's own discretion after conducting daily work and personal care activities, has been previously recognized as a ‘primary good’ and an important welfare resource that provides opportunities for participation in social life and leisure. However, recent years have witnessed an increasing preoccupation with the phenomenon of time poverty, drawing attention to the distribution of free time and its relationship to structural and family circumstances. In this article we propose a novel approach to the measurement of time poverty and document its occurrence amongst British workers. In line with previous literature, a conceptualization of time poverty as a relative lack of free time resources vis‐à‐vis other members of the community is adopted. However, unlike previous empirical studies, we investigate the differential configuration of time poverty on weekdays and weekend days, alongside indicators of the quality of free time, taking into account insights from theoretical and empirical work within the field of the sociology of time. Our analysis of the 2000 UK Time Use Survey highlights class and gender inequalities that have been missed by previous measurement approaches and demonstrates that, overall, working women experience multiple and more severe free time constraints, which may constitute an additional barrier for their leisure and social participation.
Correlation between posterior offset of femoral condyles and sagittal slope of the tibial plateau
Authors: Cinotti G. , Sessa P. , Ripani F. R. , Postacchini R. , Masciangelo R. , Giannicola G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to address, in normal knees, the variability of posterior offset of femoral condyles and tibial slope, and the presence of any correlation between the two that might be needed to achieve an adequate joint motion in flexion. Magnetic resonance images of normal knees of 80 subjects, 45 males and 35 females, with a mean age of 38.9 years, were analysed. Measurements were performed by two independent observers using an imaging visualization software. The tibial slope averaged 8 and 7.7 °, on the medial and lateral sides, respectively (P = 0.2); the mean posterior offset of femoral condyles was 27.4 and 25.2 mm on the two sides, respectively (P = 0.0001). The variation coefficient of the condylar offset and tibial slope was 11.5 and 38%, respectively. In the medial compartment, a significant correlation was found between the femoral condylar offset and the tibial slope, while the same was not observed in the lateral compartment of the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging allows the assessment of tibial slope and femoral condylar offset in the medial and lateral side separately, taking into account any difference between the two compartments. The sagittal tibial slope exhibits a greater variability compared with the posterior offset of femoral condyles. The correlation found, in the medial compartment, between the tibial slope and femoral condylar offset suggests that the reconstitution of the proper morphology of the posterior part of the knee joint may be necessary to obtain a full range of motion in flexion after total knee replacement.
Receptor activity‐modifying protein‐dependent impairment of calcitonin receptor splice variant Δ(1–47)hCT(a) function
Authors: Qi T , Dong M , Watkins HA , Wootten D , Miller LJ , Hay DL 
Published: September 2012

Background and PurposeAlternative splicing expands proteome diversity to GPCRs. Distinct receptor variants have been identified for a secretin family GPCR, the calcitonin receptor (CTR). The possible functional contributions of these receptor variants are further altered by their potential interactions with receptor activity‐modifying proteins (RAMPs). One variant of the human CTR lacks the first 47 residues at its N terminus [Δ(1–47)hCT(a)]. However, very little is known about the pharmacology of this variant or its ability to interact with RAMPs to form amylin receptors.Experimental ApproachΔ(1–47)hCT(a) was characterized both with and without RAMPs in Cos7 and/or HEK293S cells. The receptor expression (ELISA assays) and function (cAMP and pERK1/2 assays) for up to six agonists and two antagonists were determined.Key ResultsDespite lacking 47 residues at the N terminus, Δ(1–47)hCT(a) was still able to express at the cell surface, but displayed a generalized reduction in peptide potency. Δ(1–47)hCT(a) retained its ability to interact with RAMP1 and formed a functional amylin receptor; this also appeared to be the case with RAMP3. On the other hand, its interaction with RAMP2 and resultant amylin receptor was reduced to a greater extent.Conclusions and ImplicationsΔ(1–47)hCT(a) acts as a functional receptor at the cell surface. It exhibits altered receptor function, depending on whether it associates with a RAMP and which RAMP it interacts with. Therefore, the presence of this variant in tissues will potentially contribute to altered peptide binding and signalling, depending on the RAMP distribution in tissues.
Hox gene expression in the harvestman Phalangium opilio reveals divergent patterning of the chelicerate opisthosoma
Authors: Sharma Prashant P. , Schwager Evelyn E. , Extavour Cassandra G. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYAmong chelicerates, Hox gene expression has only been investigated in representatives of two arachnid orders to date: Acari (mites and ticks) and Araneae (spiders). Limited data are available for the “primitive” arachnid orders, such as Scorpiones (scorpions) and Opiliones (harvestmen). Here, we present the first data on Hox gene expression in the harvestman Phalangium opilio. Ten Hox genes of this species were obtained from a de novo assembled developmental transcriptome using the Illumina GAII platform. All 10 genes are expressed in characteristic Hox‐like expression patterns, and the expression of the anterior and central Hox genes is similar to those of other chelicerates. However, intriguingly, the three posteriormost genes—Ultrabithorax, abdominal‐A, and Abdominal‐B—share an identical anterior expression boundary in the second opisthosomal segment, and their expression domains extend through the opisthosoma to the posterior growth zone. The overlap in expression domains of the posterior Hox genes is correlated with the absence of opisthosomal organs posterior to the tubular tracheae, which occur on the second opisthosomal segment. Together with the staggered profile of posterior Hox genes in spiders, these data suggest the involvement of abdominal‐A and Abdominal‐B in the evolution of heteronomous patterning of the chelicerate opisthosoma, providing a mechanism that helps explain the morphological diversity of chelicerates.
Low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: A controlled clinical study
Authors: Sun Wei , Mao Wei , Meng Xianghong , Wang Dequan , Qiao Liang , Tao Wei , Li Liping , Jia Xiaoying , Han Chunyu , Fu Mengmeng , Tong Xiaoyan , Wu Xun , Wang Yuping 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPurpose:  This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on patients with refractory partial epilepsy.Methods:  Sixty‐four patients with refractory focal epilepsy were screened and 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups by stimulation intensity: 90% (group 1) or 20% (group 2) of resting motor threshold (rMT). Seizure frequency and interictal EEG epileptic discharges were compared between the baseline and follow‐up periods.Key Findings:  Seizures significantly decreased following 2‐weeks high intensity (90% rMT) rTMS treatment compared with baseline level (p < 0.05). rTMS also decreased interictal epilepsy discharges and improved the scales of Symptom Checklist‐90 significantly (p < 0.05). Seizures and spikes in the follow‐up period in the patients who received low intensity (20% rMT) rTMS did not show any difference compared with baseline data (p > 0.05, respectively).Significance:  Low‐frequency high intensity rTMS (90% rMT) delivered into the epileptogenic zone had a significant antiepileptic effect on patients with refractory partial seizures. rTMS treatment can also reduce the interictal epileptic discharge frequency and improve the psychological condition of these patients.
Facilitation by tussock‐forming species on seedling establishment collapses in an extreme drought year in a post‐mined Sphagnum peatland
Authors: Koyama Asuka , Tsuyuzaki Shiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractQuestionsDoes the facilitation of herbaceous species seedling establishment by tussock‐forming species collapse in an extreme drought year? Do different germination phenologies, between the seedling species, influence the variation in facilitation?LocationA post‐mined Sphagnum peatland at Sarobetsu mire, Hokkaido, northern Japan.MethodsThe effects of tussock‐forming species, as potential facilitators, on seedling emergence and survival of five perennial herbs were examined during a 4‐yr seedling monitoring, which included an extreme drought. The general effects of tussocks on each seedling species during annual variations were simultaneously assessed using hierarchical Bayesian analysis. To examine the stress limiting seedling establishment, which was ameliorated by the tussocks, micro‐environments (i.e. light, temperature, water content and erosion) altered by morphological traits of the tussocks with litter cover were compared to those in open areas.ResultsIn general, tussocks facilitated seedling establishment of all species through a positive effect on emergence and no effect on survival; however, the facilitative effect declined for several species in an extreme drought year. Peat erosion was the limiting stress on seedling establishment in normal years, however, peat water content also limited seedling establishment in a drought year. During the drought year, the positive effect of tussocks on seedling emergence for species that germinated before or during the drought was weakened for one species, and a negative effect on seedling survival emerged in another species. In contrast, species that germinated after the drought did not exhibit annual variation in the effects of tussocks on seedling emergence and survival.ConclusionsOur results illustrate that collapse of facilitation arises under extremely severe conditions through addition of infrequently occurring stress (drought) on frequently occurring stress (peat erosion). Variation in seedling emergence and survival of the five study species in response to severe drought suggests that species‐specific traits must be considered when assessing how facilitation varies temporally. Further, these findings suggest that facilitation in temporally varying environments can drive plant community composition and dynamics.
Evaluation of flooded areas with satellite imagery using an objective hydrologic criterion
Authors: Varni Marcelo R. , Entraigas Ilda , Migueltorena Valeria , Comas Rocío 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA method for computing flooded areas in relation to precedent climatic conditions in a plain area is evaluated. The studied area includes the most important production area for cattle breeding in Argentina; therefore, waterlogging periods create significant economic losses. In order to conduct this study, Landsat images that represent different hydrological conditions were used. The method is based on the frequency analysis of rainfall records of the 30, 60 and 120 days prior each image, thus obtaining a seasonally weighted mean frequency. In order to minimize biases of individual images, the images were combined linearly so as to obtain composed images with the desired antecedent precipitation frequency. Then, the flooded areas were associated with the frequency of the antecedent rainfall. Therefore, frequencies equal to or higher than 50% are associated with semi‐permanent or permanent lentic waterbodies. Consequently, lower frequencies are associated with waterlogged areas reaching 35% of flooded area for a 20% precipitation frequency.
Rage Against the Machine: The Case for System‐Level Emotions
Authors: Solak Nevin , Jost John T. , Sümer Nebi , Clore Gerald L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough psychologists have generally conceptualized emotions in light of individual‐ and group‐ level approaches, in the current paper we propose that there are also system‐level emotional events, including both system‐based emotions (experienced as a direct or indirect consequence of system‐level characteristics) and system‐targeted emotions (reflecting evaluations that support or oppose the overarching social system). We begin by discussing how emotions are embedded in the social system and what system‐level functions they serve. We draw on system justification theory to understand the reciprocal relations between emotional life and ideologies that justify or challenge social systems. We then focus on three empirical propositions concerning the dynamics of system‐level emotions: (I) System‐based emotions reflect one’s subjective as well as objective standing in the social order; (II) System‐based emotions reflect one’s subjective appraisal of the social order; and (III) System‐level emotions affect action tendencies and behaviors, including behaviors that promote system stability versus change. The investigation of system‐level emotions promises to deepen our scientific understanding of the motivational dynamics of social stability and social change and to uncover the affective dimension of system justification processes. Extending the social psychological analysis of emotions to include contextual features at the level of social systems builds a much‐needed bridge between emotion research in psychology and sociology.
Spinal arachnoiditis as a consequence of aneurysm‐related subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: van Heerden Jolandi , McAuliffe William 
Published: September 2012

SummaryOnly a few case reports currently exist regarding symptomatic spinal arachnoiditis following aneurysm‐related subarachnoid haemorrhage. We present three patients who developed symptomatic spinal arachnoiditis following spontaneous aneurysm rupture. Following initial aneurysm and subarachnoid haemorrhage management (including ventriculo‐peritoneal shunt placement), all three patients developed gradually worsening neurological abnormalities, and subsequent imaging demonstrated spinal arachnoiditis. Despite spinal decompression, all three patients experienced progressively worsening neurological decline.
Analysis of the impact of chest wall constraints on eligibility for a randomized trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy of peripheral stage I non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Siva Shankar , Shaw Mark , Chesson Brent , Gill Suki , Ball David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionChest wall toxicities are recognized complications of stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) in non‐small cell lung cancer. To minimize toxicity, the Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) 09.02 ‘CHISEL’ study protocol excluded patients with tumours within 1 cm of the chest wall. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implication of chest wall proximity constraints on patient eligibility, toxicity and potential accrual.MethodsExclusion zones of 1 cm beyond the mediastinum and 2 cm beyond the bifurcation of the lobar bronchi were incorporated into the CHISEL credentialing CT dataset. Volumes of lung within which tumours varying from 1 cm to 5 cm in diameter may occupy and remain eligible for the CHISEL study were calculated. These volumes were compared to a hypothetical model in which the 1 cm chest wall proximity restriction was removed.ResultsThe percentage of lung area in which a tumour mass can occupy and be suitable for CHISEL in the left and right lung were 54% and 60% respectively. Removing the constraint increased the percentage of available lung to 83% and 87% respectively. Considering a 2 cm spherical tumour, only 21% and 31% of tumours in the left and right lung would be eligible with the chest wall constraint, whilst 39% and 50% respectively would be eligible without the constraint.ConclusionsThe exclusion of tumours less than 1 cm to chest wall significantly reduces the proportion of patients eligible for the CHISEL protocol. A review of the literature pertaining to chest wall toxicity after stereotactic radiotherapy supports a change in chest wall exclusion criteria for the CHISEL study.