bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative Stress Reconstruction Algorithm to Estimate Three-Dimensional Residual Stress Fields in Manufactured Components
Authors: Mathews Ritin , Malik Arif , Karandikar Jaydeep , Tyler Christopher , Smith Scott 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Residual stress (RS) significantly impacts the mechanical performance of components. Measurement of RS often provides incomplete data in terms of components of stress and spatial density. Employing such fields in finite element simulations results in significant modification of the field to achieve equilibrium and compatibility among strains. To overcome this, an iterative stress reconstruction algorithm (ISRA) is developed to estimate 3D RS fields that satisfy equilibrium, are stress component-wise complete, and represent the characterized data sampled. An Al 7075-T651 plate and an additively manufactured (AM) A36 steel wall are considered for RS reconstruction using measurement data from the literature. A maximum variation of ∼2.5 MPa in the Al plate, and ∼10 MPa in the steel wall are observed between the reconstructed and measured stresses. Furthermore, unknown stress components emerge and reach significant magnitudes (upto ∼2.3 MPa in the Al plate and ∼45 MPa in the AM wall) during ISRA. Indeed, it is found that minor errors in measurement or data processing are eliminated through the physical requirements during ISRA. Employing a reconstructed RS field is hence not just more accurate given its compatibility, but it additionally corrects for minor errors in measurement. Furthermore, it is found that spatially dense measurement data result in convergence with fewer iterations. Finally, although ISRA yields a nonunique solution dependent on boundary conditions, measurement errors, fitting errors, and mesh density, it accommodates for uncertainties and inaccuracies in measurement, as opposed to failing to reach a physically realistic converged solution.
A Deep Generative Model for Multi-Ship Trajectory Forecasting With Interaction Modeling
Authors: Zhu Mingda , Han Peihua , Tian Weiwei , Skulstad Robert , Zhang Houxiang , Li Guoyuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multi-agent modeling is a challenging issue in intelligent systems, which is further compounded by heavy and complex traffic in maritime contexts. Trajectory forecasting can enhance operation safety. Nonetheless, effectively modeling interactions among vessels poses a significant difficulty. Toward this end, we propose a conditional variational autoencoder approach to ship trajectory prediction in a dynamic and multi-modal encounter situation. Leveraging a shared recurrent neural network architecture and attention mechanism, our method aggregates vessel trajectory data, enabling the model to learn and encapsulate meaningful encounter information across active vessels. We utilize automatic identification system data from the Oslofjord region to validate our approach. Through comprehensive experiments conducted on a four-ship encounter dataset, our proposed model demonstrates promising performance, by outperforming the benchmark models. Furthermore, we analyze the prediction model in a wide array of dimensions, showcasing its proficiency in complex ship behaviors learning, modeling ship interaction, and approximating actual trajectories.
Assessing the lateral and vertical variability of shelf-margin depositional systems and associated forcing mechanisms: A forward modeling approach
Authors: Shepherd John W. , Paumard Victorien , Salles Tristan , Lang Simon , George Annette D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Understanding the primary drivers of lateral and vertical variability in the stratal architecture of shelf-margin settings is key to understanding how sediments are partitioned from the shelf to the slope and the basin floor in source-to-sink systems. In this study, we model the 4-D evolution of a shelf margin over a period of 18.5 m.y. using Badlands stratigraphic forward modeling software. The modeled system is analogous to the Hammerhead shelf margin developed in the Bight Basin (southern Australian margin) during the Late Cretaceous, with forcing parameters interpreted from “real world” 3-D seismic data. A series of seven models were designed and tested to investigate potential drivers of shelf-margin variability, which include shoreline process regime (i.e., fluvial, wave, or mixed coastal processes), uplift, rainfall, and source area extent. We find that shoreline processes, which in the context of this study include fluvial and wave processes, may significantly impact shelf-margin architecture although they are less likely to affect the long-term evolution of a shelf margin. The addition of either fluvial or wave processes increases along-strike lateral variability with mixed-process shorelines resulting in the most variability. We propose that these hydrodynamic processes affect sediment supply locally leading to “out-of-phase” supply influencing both shelf-margin architecture and the character of sequence stratigraphic surfaces laterally. Rainfall is also shown to have a much more immediate effect on shelf-margin architecture compared to changes in tectonics (uplift). The results of this study are particularly applicable to the Hammerhead shelf margin and may also be applied to other shelf margins where eustasy is not the primary control on shelf-margin architecture and/or paleoclimatic conditions are poorly constrained.
Association between video laryngoscopy characteristics and successful neonatal tracheal intubation: a prospective study
Authors: Corder William , Nelin Timothy , Ades Anne M , Flibotte John , Laverriere Elizabeth , Daly Guris Rodrigo , Soorikian Leane , Foglia Elizabeth E 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo identify associations between procedural characteristics and success of neonatal tracheal intubation (NTI) using video laryngoscopy (VL).DesignProspective single-centre observational study.SettingQuaternary neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsInfants requiring NTI at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.InterventionsVL NTI recordings were evaluated to assess 11 observable procedural characteristics hypothesised to be associated with VL NTI success. These characteristics included measures of procedural time and performance, glottic exposure and position, and laryngoscope blade tip location.Main outcome measureVL NTI attempt success.ResultsA total of 109 patients underwent 109 intubation encounters with 164 intubation attempts. The first attempt success rate was 65%, and the overall encounter success rate was 100%. Successful VL NTI attempts were associated with shorter procedural duration (36 s vs 60 s, p<0.001) and improved Cormack-Lehane grade (63% grade I vs 49% grade II, p<0.001) compared with unsuccessful NTIs. Other factors more common in successful NTI attempts than unsuccessful attempts were laryngoscope blade placement to lift the epiglottis (45% vs 29%, p=0.002), fewer tracheal tube manoeuvres (3 vs 8, p<0.001) and a left-sided or non-visualised tongue location (76% vs 56%, p=0.009).ConclusionWe identified procedural characteristics visible on the VL screen that are associated with NTI procedural success. Study results may improve how VL is used to teach and perform neonatal intubation.
Mental health surveillance in elite Para athletes: early identification and follow-up of athletes at risk of mental health problems
Authors: Meidl Verena , Dallmann Petra , Steffen Kathrin , Bretthauer Berit , Busch Aglaja , Kubosch Eva Johanna , Leonhart Rainer , Hirschmueller Anja 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThere is a lack of prospective data on mental health of elite Para athletes. The objective was to identify and follow elite Para athletes at risk of mental health problems.MethodsIn a 124-week prospective cohort study, mental health of German elite Para athletes was monitored using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). In case of positive screening (PHQ-4≥5) over 2 weeks, a follow-up contact was conducted by a sports psychiatrist, who asked the athletes about their mental condition and sources for their mental distress and offered support.Results7543 PHQ-4 scores were obtained from 122 Para athletes with a mean weekly response rate of 84%. The PHQ-4 screening was considered positive for symptoms of depression or anxiety with a prevalence of 6.7%, affecting 48.4% (n=59) of all participants at some point during the study period. In 76.6% (n=49) of all follow-up contacts, athletes (n=34) reported at least one mental health problem, most frequently mental distress (n=31), followed by symptoms of depression (n=19) including acute suicidality (n=1). The most common mental stressors cited were related to education and problems with the team, coaches or federation. At follow-up, almost two-thirds of the athletes were either already in professional psychiatric or psychological care (25%) or were recommended to seek such care (32.8%).ConclusionOur screening and follow-up system revealed high rates of mental health problems in elite Para athletes. Programmes for early identification with mental health monitoring under the supervision of mental health professionals should be considered by sports federations for Para athletes.
Breastfeeding challenges among adolescent mothers: a phenomenological study at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Suglo Mavis , Kpekura Stephen , Yiryuo Lilian 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe natural and best approach to give newborns the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development is through breast feeding. Breastfeeding rates fall more sharply with time for mothers under the age of 20 years.AimThis study sought to explore the challenges experienced by adolescent mothers who visit the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana.MethodThis study employed a qualitative phenomenology design and collected data from adolescent mothers. Data were gathered with the aid of a semistructured in-depth interview guide from 13 breastfeeding adolescent mothers. Data for the study were analysed using content analysis. The study was conducted at the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.FindingsTwo major themes were generated from the study to be the challenges that confront adolescent breastfeeding mothers, and they are maternal factors of breastfeeding barriers and societal factors of breastfeeding barriers. Subcategories were generated for both themes during the process.Conclusion and recommendationTraining of pregnant adolescents during antenatal care visits on how to manage the inability to lactate, breastfeeding stress, painful and sore nipple, engorged breast, stigma from society will lessen their burden. Furthermore, training close family members and friends on how to be kind and support adolescent mothers during breast feeding is important. In-service training should be organised for health workers to enhance their knowledge and practice of approaching and guiding adolescent mothers on effective breast feeding and the provision of cubicles in public places where adolescent mothers can comfortably breastfeed.
Role of drug-eluting bead bronchial arterial chemoembolisation in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: protocol for a meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Guocan , Shen Yanqin , Ye Bo , Xu Xudong , Zhao Wuchen 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poor prognosis. Transvascular intervention is an important approach for treating NSCLC. Drug-eluting bead bronchial artery chemoembolisation (DEB-BACE) is a technique of using DEBs loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs for BACE. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of DEB-BACE in treating NSCLC and investigate a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.Methods and analysisWanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase databases will be searched in November 2024. A meta-analysis will be conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of DEB-BACE in the treatment of NSCLC. The following keywords will be applied: “Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung”, “Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer”, “Drug-Eluting Bead Bronchial Arterial Chemoembolization” and “drug-eluting beads”. Reports in Chinese or English comparing the efficacy of DEB-BACE with other NSCLC treatment options will be included. Case reports, single-arm studies, conference papers, abstracts without full text and reports published in languages other than English and Chinese will not be considered. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions will be used to independently assess the risk of bias for each included study. In case of significant heterogeneity between studies, possible sources of heterogeneity will be explored through subgroup and sensitivity analysis. For the statistical analysis of the data, RevMan V.5.3 will be used.Ethics and disseminationThis meta-analysis will seek publication in a peer-reviewed journal on completion. Ethical approval is not required for this study as it is a database-based study.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023411392.
Photobiomodulation therapy for chronic knee pain in obese patients in pre-rehabilitation for bariatric surgery: randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial protocol
Authors: Amorim Ana Cristina Ferreira Garcia , Belchior Thays C Flausino , Silva Rodarte Tatiane Nunes da , Rebouças Junior Francisco Albino , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro , Marcos Rodrigo Labat , Lino-dos-Santos-Franco Adriana , Cecatto Rebeca Boltes 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionObesity has become a worldwide public health problem and is directly linked to loss of quality of life, complications and comorbidities. One of them is chronic pain, especially in the knees, which increases significantly and proportionally with weight gain. In patients with severe obesity, with indication for bariatric surgery, the presence of chronic pain disables and often prevents their participation in a pre-surgical rehabilitation programme. As an analgesic therapy, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been studied with safety, efficacy, well-tolerated used and low costs. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the use of PBM for the treatment of chronic knee pain in obese patients undergoing a pre-surgical rehabilitation programme for bariatric surgery.Methods and analysesThis is a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical, superiority, trial protocol. The PBM will be applied in bilateral knees and lumbar paraspinal points levels referring to the roots of innervation of the knee. The outcomes evaluated will be pain intensity, functionality, quality of life and clinical signs of neurological sensitization of chronic knee pain pathways.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has already been approved by the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás/EBSERH—Ethics Committee and it is following SPIRIT guidelines. The results will be statistically analysed and subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberClinical Trials Platform (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) with the numberNCT05816798.
SPEctacle Correction for the TReatment of Amblyopia (SPECTRA): study protocol for a prospective non-randomised interventional trial in adults with anisometropic/mixed mechanism amblyopia
Authors: Tan Ken Wei Sheng , Park Adela So Yun , Cheung Blossom Wing Sum , Wong Ginny Hei Ting , Thompson Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAmblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder typically affecting one eye, resulting in compromised binocular function. While evidence-based treatments exist for children, there are no widely accepted treatments for adults. This trial aims to assess the efficacy of appropriate optical treatment in improving vision and visual functions in adults with amblyopia. This is hypothesised to significantly improve visual acuity of the amblyopic eye and other visual functions.Methods and analysisSPEctacle Correction for the TReatment of Amblyopia is a prospective non-randomised interventional trial. The following criteria for amblyopia will be used: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the amblyopic eye of 0.3 to 1.0 (inclusive) logMAR VA and in the fellow eye, 0.1 logMAR or better, with an interocular VA difference of ≥2 logMAR lines. Eligible participants aged 18–39 will receive full/near-full optical treatment requiring wear for at least half their waking hours for the trial duration. A difference of ≥1.00D spherical equivalent between a participant’s current refractive correction and the study prescription is required for eligibility. Primary outcome is the change in amblyopic eye BCVA from baseline to 24-week postenrolment. Secondary outcomes include distance and near VA of both eyes, stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity, interocular suppression, angle of strabismus and fixation stability measured at monthly intervals. Visual evoked potentials will also be measured at baseline, week 12 and week 24. Treatment compliance and quality of life for all participants will be monitored.Analyses comparing baseline and week 24 will utilise pairwise comparisons. Linear mixed models will be fitted to the data for measures taken monthly. This allows estimates and inferences to be drawn from the coefficients of the model, while handling missing data.Ethics and disseminationHuman ethics approval was obtained from the respective ethics board of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HSEARS20210915002) and the University of Waterloo (#44235). The study protocol will conform to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05394987; clinicaltrials.org.
Helping ourselves, helping others: the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Study (YWS) – a multisite prospective cohort study to advance the understanding of breast cancer diagnosed in women aged 40 years and younger
Authors: Rosenberg Shoshana M , Zheng Yue , Ruddy Kathryn , Poorvu Philip D , Snow Craig , Kirkner Gregory J , Meyer Meghan E , Tamimi Rulla M , Schapira Lidia , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Come Steven , Borges Virginia F , Warner Ellen , Gelber Shari , Collins Laura , Winer Eric P , Partridge Ann H 
Published: July 2024

PurposeCompared with older women diagnosed with breast cancer, younger women are more likely to die of breast cancer and more likely to suffer psychosocially in both the short-term and long term. The Young Women’s Breast Cancer Study (YWS) is a multisite prospective cohort study established to address gaps in our knowledge about this vulnerable and understudied population.ParticipantsThe YWS enrolled 1302 women newly diagnosed with stages 0–IV breast cancer at age 40 years or younger at 13 academic and community sites in North America between 2006 and 2016. Longitudinal patient-reported outcome data are complemented by clinical data abstraction and biospecimen collection at multiple timepoints.Findings to dateKey findings related to fertility include that nearly 40% of participants were interested in pregnancy following diagnosis; of those who reported interest, 10% pursued fertility preservation. Overall, approximately 10% of YWS participants became pregnant in the first 5 years after diagnosis; follow-up is ongoing for pregnancies after 5 years. Studies focused on psychosocial outcomes have characterised quality of life, post-traumatic stress and fear of recurrence, with findings detailing the factors associated with the substantial psychosocial burden many young women face during and following active treatment. Multiple studies have leveraged YWS biospecimens, including whole-exome sequencing of tumour analyses that revealed that select somatic alterations occur at different frequencies in young (age≤35) versus older women with luminal A breast cancer, and a study that explored clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential found it to be rare in young survivors.Future plansWith a median follow-up of approximately 10 years, the cohort is just maturing for many relevant long-term outcomes and provides outstanding opportunities to further study and build collaborations to address gaps in our knowledge, with the ultimate objective to improve care and outcomes for young women with breast cancer.Trial registration numberNCT01468246.
Respiratory support with standard low-flow oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen therapy or continuous positive airway pressure in adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure in a resource-limited setting: protocol for a randomised, open-label, clinical trial – the Acute Respiratory Intervention StudiEs in Africa (ARISE-AFRICA) study
Authors: Kwizera Arthur , Kabatoro Daphne , Owachi Darius , Kansiime Jackson , Kateregga George , Nanyunja Doreen , Sendagire Cornelius , Nyakato Doreen , Olaro Charles , Audureau Etienne , Mekontso Dessap Armand 
Published: July 2024

RationaleAcute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is associated with high mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. This is at least in part due to critical care-related resource constraints including limited access to invasive mechanical ventilation and/or highly skilled acute care workers. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula (HFNC) may prove useful to reduce intubation, and therefore, improve survival outcomes among critically ill patients, particularly in resource-limited settings, but data in such settings are lacking. The aim of this study is to determine whether CPAP or HFNC as compared with standard oxygen therapy, could reduce mortality among adults presenting with AHRF in a resource-limited setting.MethodsThis is a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled, stepped wedge trial, in which patients presenting with AHRF in Uganda will be randomly assigned to standard oxygen therapy delivered through a face mask, HFNC oxygen or CPAP. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality at 28 days. Secondary outcomes include the number of patients with criteria for intubation at day 7, the number of patients intubated at day 28, ventilator-free days at day 28 and tolerance of each respiratory support.Ethics and disseminationThe study has obtained ethical approval from the Research and Ethics Committee, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University as well as the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Patients will be included after informed consent. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04693403.Protocol version8 September 2023; version 5.