bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCOUNT RATES AND THE EDUCATION GRADIENT IN MAMMOGRAPHY IN THE UK
Authors: Bíró Anikó 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTI analyse intertemporal decisions on undertaking breast cancer screening by women aged 50–64 years in the UK and provide estimates of the rate of discounting potential future benefits of screening. I also analyse education differences in mammography decisions and examine the underlying mechanisms by which education influences breast cancer screening attendance. I estimate a structural model, which reveals that although there are differences in the disutility of breast cancer screening between education groups, there is no difference in the estimated discount factor. These results suggest that the observed education gradient is mainly due to differences in health behaviours and healthcare attitudes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards closing the watershed nitrogen budget: Spatial and temporal scaling of denitrification
Authors: Duncan Jonathan M. , Groffman Peter M. , Band Lawrence E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEnhanced consideration of the hydrogeomorphic template of watersheds is critical to understanding watershed nitrogen budgets. We developed a framework to estimate the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of soil moisture and soil oxygen in surficial soils to scale nitrogen transformations for a forested watershed (Pond Branch) in Maryland, USA. We sampled soil cores in upland, hillslope hollow, riparian hollow, and riparian hummock landscape positions in different seasons for biogeochemical fluxes including measurement of N2gas produced via denitrification. We extrapolated these rates in space and time with information derived from in situ soil oxygen and soil moisture probes to scale fluxes from plots to the catchment level. We addressed three questions: (1) How important are seasonal, daily, and storm event variations in soil oxygen for denitrification? (2) How is denitrification spatially distributed through the watershed? (3) How important is denitrification to the watershed nitrogen budget? We found that microtopography within the riparian zone is a significant influence on soil oxygen dynamics and therefore redox‐sensitive biogeochemical processes such as denitrification. Riparian zone hollows (lower topographic positions) represented 0.5%–1.0% of the catchment area, but accounted for >99% of total denitrification. Interestingly, topography was a much stronger controller of oxygen than rainfall, which had little influence on temporal variation in soil oxygen levels. Spatial and temporal extrapolations of measured rates suggest that a minimum of 16%–27% of atmospheric nitrogen deposition is lost to denitrification. These results suggest that the importance of denitrification in the nitrogen budget of forested watersheds depends fundamentally on the presence of landscape elements, such as riparian hollows that function as “hot spots” of activity.
Local cooling reduces regional bone blood flow
Authors: Venjakob Arne J. , Vogt Stephan , Stöckl Klaus , Tischer Thomas , Jost Philipp J. , Thein Eckart , Imhoff Andreas B. , Anetzberger Hermann 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLocal cooling is very common after bone and joint surgery. Therefore the knowledge of bone blood flow during local cooling is of substantial interest. Previous studies revealed that hypothermia leads to vasoconstriction followed by decreased blood flow levels. The aim of this study was to characterize if local cooling is capable of inducing reduced blood flow in bone tissue using a stepwise‐reduced temperature protocol in experimental rabbits. To examine bone blood flow we utilized the fluorescent microsphere (FM) method. In New Zealand white rabbits one randomly chosen hind limb was cooled stepwise from 32 to 2°C, whereas the contra lateral hind limb served as control. Injection of microspheres was performed after stabilization of bone and muscle temperature at each temperature level. Bones were removed, dissected and fluorescence intensity was determined to calculate blood flow values. We found that blood flow of all cooled regions decreased relative to the applied external temperature. At maximum cooling blood flow was almost completely disrupted, indicating local cooling as powerful regulatory mechanism for regional bone blood flow (RBBF). Postoperative cooling therefore may lead to strongly decreased bone blood flow values. As a result external cooling has capacity to both diminish bone healing and reduce bleeding complications. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1820–1827, 2013
Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Properties of Homoarm and Heteroarm Star‐Shaped Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polymers with a POSS Core
Authors: Yuan Weizhong , Liu Xu , Zou Hui , Li Jianbo , Yuan Hua , Ren Jie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNovel homoarm and heteroarm star‐shaped inorganic–organic hybrid polymers with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core are prepared via click chemistry of azide POSS [POSS‐(N3)8], alkynyl poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA), and alkynyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The melting and crystallization behaviors of the polymers can be adjusted by altering the PLLA to PEO ratio. The hybrid polymers reveal unique crystalline morphology due to the influence of the star‐shaped structure and the mutual influence of PLLA and PEO. The hybrid polymers show different thermostabilities, owing to the different compositions of the polymers. The hydrophilicity can be adjusted by alternating the composition of the PLLA and PEO segments. In addition, the sizes of the polymer micelles change with the change of the ratio of PLLA and PEO arms in the hybrid polymers.magnified image
The Challenge of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Biochemical Markers in Diagnosis of Brain Damage
Authors: Mondello Stefania , Schmid Kara , Berger Rachel P. , Kobeissy Firas , Italiano Domenico , Jeromin Andreas , Hayes Ronal L. , Tortella Frank C. , Buki Andras 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDuring the past decade there has been an increasing recognition of the incidence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and a better understanding of the subtle neurological and cognitive deficits that may result from it. A substantial, albeit suboptimal, effort has been made to define diagnostic criteria for mTBI and improve diagnostic accuracy. Thus, biomarkers that can accurately and objectively detect brain injury after mTBI and, ideally, aid in clinical management are needed. In this review, we discuss the current research on serum biomarkers for mTBI including their rationale and diagnostic performances. Sensitive and specific biomarkers reflecting brain injury can provide important information regarding TBI pathophysiology and serve as candidate markers for predicting abnormal computed tomography findings and/or the development of residual deficits in patients who sustain an mTBI. We also outline the roles of biomarkers in settings of specific interest including pediatric TBI, sports concussions and military injuries, and provide perspectives on the validation of such markers for use in the clinic. Finally, emerging proteomics‐based strategies for identifying novel markers will be discussed.
T1 estimation for aqueous iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions using a variable flip angle SWIFT sequence
Authors: Wang Luning , Corum Curtis A. , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Garwood Michael , Zhao Qun 
Published: June 2013

PurposeT1 quantification of contrast agents, such as super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, is a challenging but important task inherent to many in vivo applications in magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, a sweep imaging with Fourier transformation using variable flip angles (VFAs‐SWIFT) method was proposed to measure T1 of aqueous super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions.MethodsT1 values of various iron concentrations (from 1 to 7 mM) were measured using VFA‐SWIFT and three‐dimensional spoiled gradient‐recalled echo with VFAs (VFA‐SPGR) sequences on a 7 T MR scanner. For validation, T1 values were also measured using a spectroscopic inversion‐recovery sequence on a 7 T spectrometer.ResultsVFA‐SWIFT demonstrated its advantage for quantifying T1 of highly concentrated aqueous super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions, but VFA‐SPGR failed at the higher end of iron concentrations. Both VFA‐SWIFT and VFA‐SPGR yielded linear relationships between the relaxation rate and iron concentrations, with relaxivities of 1.006 and 1.051 s−1 mM−1 at 7 T, respectively, in excellent agreement with the spectroscopic measurement of 1.019 s−1 mM−1.ConclusionVFA‐SWIFT is able to achieve accurate T1 quantification of aqueous super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions up to 7 mM. Magn Reson Med 70:341–347, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear rotation‐free three‐node shell finite element formulation
Authors: Stolarski Henryk , Gilmanov Anvar , Sotiropoulos Fotis 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA new triangular thin‐shell finite element formulation is presented, which employs only translational degrees of freedom. The formulation allows for large deformations, and it is based on the nonlinear Kirchhoff thin‐shell theory. A number of static and dynamic test problems are considered for which analytical or benchmark solutions exist. Comparisons between the predictions of the new model and these solutions show that the new model accurately reproduces complex nonlinear analytical solutions as well as solutions obtained using existing, more complex finite element formulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A LC/QTOF–MS/MS Application to Investigate Chemical Compositions in a Fraction with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activity from Rosa Rugosa Flowers
Authors: Gu Dongyu , Yang Yi , Bakri Mahinur , Chen Qibin , Xin Xuelei , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionRosa rugosa flowers used as herbal medicine possess many activities. A fraction extracted by ethyl acetate exhibited strong inhibitive activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in vitro.ObjectiveEstablish an efficient method of LC coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) with tandem MS/MS to investigate the compositions in the active fraction.MethodsChemical compositions were separated and investigated by LC/QTOF–MS/MS in negative electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode at different collision energy (CE) values. The maximal structural information was obtained for the identification of components.ResultsA total of 75 compounds including tannins, their related compounds and flavonoids were identified or partially characterised according to accurate mass and the characteristic fragments at low and high CE. Meanwhile, the fragmentation pathways of gallotannins and ellagitannins (hexahydroxydiphenoyl group and lactonised valoneoyl group) were studied and proposed and were used to trace tannins in crude extracts.ConclusionThe results suggest that this fraction is a source of PTP1B inhibitory activity with a potential for treating diabetes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of the ultrasound examination in the early and late third trimester for the prediction of birth weight deviations
Authors: Souka Athena P. , Papastefanou Ioannis , Pilalis Athanasios , Michalitsi Vasiliki , Panagopoulos Perikles , Kassanos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to define the optimal gestational age in the third trimester, early (30–33 weeks + 6 days) versus late (34–37 weeks), for performing an ultrasound examination for fetal biometry to predict birth weight deviations: small for gestational age (SGA ≤ 5th centile) and large for gestational age (LGA ≥ 95th centile) neonates.MethodsWe used an observational cross‐sectional study in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies that had a third trimester ultrasound for fetal biometry and umbilical and middle cerebral fetal Doppler studies. Estimated fetal weight and fetal Doppler parameters were the examined variables for the prediction of SGA and LGA.ResultsThree thousand six hundred ninety women had an early examination, and 2288 women had a late one. For a screen‐positive rate of 10%, estimated fetal weight achieved 58% and 53.4% sensitivity for the prediction of SGA [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.8578, p < 0.001] and LGA (AUC = 0.8547, p < 0.001), respectively, by the early examination. Accordingly, the sensitivities significantly increased to 75.2% and 63.2% for the prediction of SGA (AUC = 0.9074, p < 0.001) and LGA (AUC = 0.8782, p < 0.001), respectively, by the late examination. The inclusion of the Doppler indices did not improve the predictive models.ConclusionsA late third trimester ultrasound was superior in the prediction of SGA and LGA, and this improvement was more pronounced for the prediction of SGA. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel hydroxysuberamide derivative potentiates MG132‐mediated anticancer activity against human hormone refractory prostate cancers—the role of histone deacetylase and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Chen Yi‐Cheng , Huang Wei‐Jan , Hsu Jui‐Ling , Yu Chia‐Chun , Wang Wei‐Ting , Guh Jih‐Hwa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are successful for treatment of advanced cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma but only show modest effect in solid tumors. Approaches for HDAC inhibitors to improve activity against solid tumors are necessary.METHODSSulforhodamine B assay and flow cytometric analysis detected cell proliferation and cell‐cycle progression, respectively. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Comet assay and DNA end‐binding activity of Ku proteins detected DNA damage and DNA repair activity, respectively. siRNA technique was used for knockdown of specific cellular target.RESULTSWJ25591 displayed inhibitory activity against HDAC1 and cell proliferation in human hormone‐refractory prostate cancers PC‐3 and DU‐145. WJ25591 caused an arrest of cell‐cycle at both G1‐ and G2‐phase and increased protein expressions of p21 and cyclin E, followed by cell apoptosis. WJ25591‐induced Bcl‐2 down‐regulation and activation of caspase‐9, ‐8, and ‐3, suggesting apoptotic execution through both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. WJ25591 also significantly inhibited DNA repair activity but not directly induced DNA damage. Moreover, the proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 dramatically sensitized WJ25591‐induced cell apoptosis. The siRNA technique demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in particular CHOP/GADD153 up‐regulation, contributed to the synergistic effect.CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that WJ25591 inhibited HDAC activity, leading to cell‐cycle arrest and inhibition of DNA repair. Caspase cascades are subsequently triggered to execute cell apoptosis. MG‐132 dramatically sensitizes WJ25591‐mediated apoptosis, at least partly, through ER stress response. The data also reveal that combination of HDAC inhibitors and proteasome inhibitors may be a potential strategy against hormone‐refractory prostate cancers. Prostate 73:1270–1280. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The direct inhibitory effect of dutasteride or finasteride on androgen receptor activity is cell line specific
Authors: Chhipa Rishi Raj , Halim Danny , Cheng Jinrong , Zhang Huan Yi , Mohler James L. , Ip Clement , Wu Yue 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDFinasteride and dutasteride were developed originally as 5α‐reductase inhibitors to block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). These drugs may possess off‐target effects on the androgen receptor (AR) due to their structural similarity to DHT.METHODSA total of four human prostate cancer cell models were examined: LNCaP (T877A mutant AR), 22Rv1 (H874Y mutant AR), LAPC4 (wild‐type AR), and VCaP (wild‐type AR). Cells were cultured in 10% charcoal‐stripped fetal bovine serum, either with or without DHT added to the medium. AR activity was evaluated using the ARE‐luciferase assay or the expression of AR regulated genes.RESULTSDutasteride was more potent than finasteride in interfering with DHT‐stimulated AR signaling. Disruption of AR function was accompanied by decreased cell growth. Cells that rely on DHT for protection against death were particularly vulnerable to dutasteride. Different prostate cancer cell models exhibited different sensitivities to dutasteride and finasteride. LNCaP was most sensitive, LAPC4 and VCaP were intermediate, while 22Rv1 was least sensitive. Regardless of the AR genotype, if AR was transfected into drug‐sensitive cells, AR was inhibited by drug treatment; and if AR was transfected into drug‐resistant cells, AR was not inhibited.CONCLUSIONSThe direct inhibitory effect of dutasteride or finasteride on AR signaling is cell line specific. Mutations in the ligand binding domain of AR do not appear to play a significant role in influencing the AR antagonistic effect of these drugs. Subcellular constituent is an important factor in determining the drug effect on AR function. Prostate 73: 1483–1494, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The design and implementation of a secure CAPTCHA against man‐in‐the‐middle attacks
Authors: Ferraro Petrillo Umberto , Mastroianni Giovanni , Visconti Ivan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a novel security protocol for the implementation of CAPTCHA tests that feature advance mechanisms against man‐in‐the‐middle (MITM, for short) attacks. This type of attack is fulfilled by a malicious entity, the MITM, that leverages on unaware users to mass‐solve CAPTCHA tests shielding the access to a service. The protocol that we propose uses collision‐resistant hash functions modeled as random oracles to guarantee that the solution to a CAPTCHA test solved by an end user is valid only for the server to which the user is connected to. This will prevent MITM attacks because the user is not directly connected to the server. We developed a reference implementation for our protocol that has a low impact and is easy to use, featuring a software plug‐in running in the Firefox web browser, on the client side, and a Java servlet‐based application, on the server side. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk Factors of Hospital Mortality after Re‐laparotomy for Post‐hepatectomy Hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Tian , Li Li , Zhong Qian , Lau Wan Yee , Zhang Han , Huang Xing , Yu Wei‐Feng , Shen Feng , Li Jie‐Wei , Wu Meng‐Chao 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundPost‐hepatectomy hemorrhage (PHH) requiring re‐laparotomy is a life‐threatening situation and is associated with a considerably high hospital mortality rate. However, risk factors of hospital mortality in patients with this condition have not yet been investigated.MethodsThe perioperative data of 258 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent re‐laparotomy for PHH from 1997 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors of hospital mortality.ResultHospital death occurred in 43 patients between 16 h and 40 days after re‐laparotomy, and the overall mortality rate was 16.7 %. The median time lag between first recognition of active bleeding and re‐laparotomy was 6 h (range 0.5–34 h). The mortality of patients undergoing late re‐laparotomy (≥6 h) was much higher than those undergoing early re‐laparotomy (<6 h) (25 vs 8.6 %; P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed early time period (1997–2004) (P = 0.040), liver cirrhosis (P = 0.025), ineffective hemostasis during re‐laparotomy due to coagulopathy (P = 0.038), late re‐laparotomy (≥6 h) (P = 0.032), postoperative liver failure (P = 0.001), and postoperative acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors of hospital mortality.ConclusionImmediate re‐laparotomy is a key factor to reduce hospital mortality for patients with active bleeding after partial hepatectomy. More care should be taken in those patients who develop acute liver failure and/or serious acute renal failure after re‐laparotomy.
Infertility and Immunocontraception based on zona pellucida
Authors: Hasegawa Akiko , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Shibahara Hiroaki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix surrounding ovarian oocytes, ovulated eggs and preimplantation embryos. It plays several important roles at different stages of reproduction. Its constituent glycoproteins are expressed specifically in the ovary. It is thus possible to produce autoantibodies to ZP proteins that interfere with reproductive functions including folliculogenesis, fertilization and implantation. First, this article describes the history of anti‐ZP antibodies detected in women with idiopathic infertility. Second, the current relationship between anti‐ZP antibodies and infertility is discussed in relation to assisted reproductive medicine. Third, we introduce the latest studies of animal experiments involving the ZP. Finally, immunocontraceptive vaccine development using various ZP antigens is reviewed.
Pregnancy outcomes among women with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Omnes Sophie , Jondeau Guillaume , Detaint Delphine , Dumont Agathe , Yazbeck Chadi , Guglielminotti Jean , Luton Dominique , Azria Elie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine cardiac and obstetric outcomes among women with Marfan syndrome (MS) whose pregnancies were managed in accordance with the French national guidelines.MethodsA descriptive analysis was conducted for a prospective cohort of 18 women with MS who gave birth in the maternity unit of Bichat‐Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France, between January 1, 1998, and May 31, 2011. The study hospital was the national referral center for MS and related diseases.ResultsA total of 22 pregnancies were recorded among the study cohort. Of these, 21 were managed according to the national guidelines. One woman who was referred to the study hospital during late pregnancy was not managed according to the national guidelines; this patient experienced aortic dissection at 37 weeks. In the cohort, aortic diameter did not increase significantly during pregnancy. Vascular fetal growth restriction was observed in 7 (31.8 %) of the pregnancies. Cesarean delivery was planned for 17 (77.3%) of the pregnancies.ConclusionRisk of aortic dissection was low among a cohort of pregnant women with MS who were managed according to the French national guidelines.
The effect of food toppings on calorie estimation and consumption
Authors: Jiang Ying , Lei Jing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this research we examine the effect of adding a food topping to the base food on consumers' calorie estimation and consumption of the augmented food (base food plus topping). We show that consumers underestimate the calorie content of augmented food with an unhealthy base, especially when the topping is healthy. However, consumers are less likely to underestimate the calorie content of augmented food with a healthy base, regardless of whether the topping is healthy or unhealthy. Further, we show that adding a healthy topping to an unhealthy base makes consumers not only underestimate the calorie content but also eat more of the augmented food.