bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profiles and functional outcomes in elderly stroke survivors undergoing neurorehabilitation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Albu Sergiu , Izcara López de Murillas Elisenda , Secanell Espluga Mariona , Jimenez Crespo Andrea , Kumru Hatice 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
This retrospective study characterizes clinical profiles and evolution of elderly stroke patients undergoing neurorehabilitation. Additionally, it identifies predictors of functional outcomes and hospital length of stay (LOS). For this purpose, patients aged ≥ 60 years admitted for neurorehabilitation within 6 months post-stroke, were recruited between January 2015 and August 2022. Rehabilitation profiles were identified using two-step clustering analysis, including the Modified Rankin Score (mRS), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the motor and cognitive Functional Independence Measure (m-FIM and c-FIM) upon admission. FIM-effectiveness was calculated as (FIM-discharge−FIM-admission)/(maximum FIM−FIM-admission). Linear regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of functional outcomes and LOS (days).

Results
The study enrolled 104 patients (68 male; mean age = 69.45 ± 6.5 years). Three clusters were identified: “Moderate” [NIHSS = 7.70 ± 3.21, motor-FIM = 59.42 ± 12.24, cognitive-FIM = 26.96 ± 4.69, mRS = 4 (4–4), aphasia = 41.7%, severe dysphagia = 4.2%, LOS = 45 (33.25–59) days]; “Moderate-severe” [NIHS = 10.40 ± 3.23, motor-FIM = 28.00 ± 7.74, cognitive-FIM = 25.92 ± 6.55, mRS = 4 (4–5), aphasia = 13%, severe dysphagia = 6.4%, LOS = 61 (45–92) days]; and “Severe” group [NIHS = 18.76 ± 4.19, motor-FIM = 16.12 ± 6.69, cognitive-FIM = 10.58 ± 4.14, mRS = 5 (5–5), aphasia = 60.6%, severe dysphagia = 42.4%, LOS = 71 (60.5–97.5) days]. The motor and cognitive FIM effectiveness significantly improved in the “Moderate” (m-FIM-effectiveness = 33.70 [12.16–53.54]; c-FIM-effectiveness = 33.3 [0–50.0]) and “Moderate-severe” cluster (m-FIM-effectiveness = 31.15 [10.34–46.55]; c-FIM-effectiveness = 33.3[0–63.16]) compared to the “Severe” cluster (m-FIM-effectiveness = 5.77 [0–18.77]; c-FIM-effectiveness = 4.65 [0–22.30]) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.025), whereas aphasia and dysphagia improved in all groups (p > 0.1). Severe stroke (NIHSS) (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), greater functional dependence (mRS) (β = 0.24, p = 0.013), presenting dysphagia (β = 0.30, p = 0.002), neuropathic pain (β = 0.22, p = 0.02), depression (β = 0.29, p = 0.003) or in-hospital infections (β = 0.23, p = 0.02) predicted higher LOS.

Conclusions
Patient clustering proves valuable in identifying distinct stroke rehabilitation profiles. Low FIM on admission, severe dysphagia, in-hospital infections, and psychotropic medication use, predicted poor functional outcomes and longer hospitalization.
Realignment of federal environmental policies to recognize fire’s role
Authors: Clark Sara A. , Archer Jenna N. , Stephens Scott L. , Collins Brandon M. , Hankins Don L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Enactment of the Clean Air Act (CAA), Endangered Species Act (ESA), and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), three of the primary federal environmental laws, all coincided with the height of fire suppression and exclusion in the United States. These laws fail to acknowledge or account for the importance of fire in many fire-adapted and fire-dependent ecosystems, particularly in the American west, or the imperative for fire restoration to improve resiliency and reduce wildfire risk as identified by western science and Indigenous knowledge. We review the statutory and regulatory provisions of these federal laws to identify how the existing policy framework misaligns with the unique role of fire in ecosystems and with Tribal sovereignty, identify specific barriers and disincentives to beneficial fire use, and propose specific policy reforms.

Results
The CAA, the ESA, and NEPA inhibit the use of beneficial fire as they are founded in a policy framework that treats fire restoration and maintenance as a federal action or human activity, rather than as a natural, baseline, or keystone process. The emergency exceptions in these policies reduce accountability and incentivize the wrong kind of fire, and compliance creates a perverse outcome by disincentivizing fire restoration. Further, these federal policies impede Tribal sovereignty.

Conclusions
Modifications to these laws would better enable fire restoration in fire-dependent and fire-adapted ecosystems, reduce wildfire risk, and ultimately meet the statutes’ core purposes. Federal agencies and Congress should reform regulatory frameworks to explicitly recognize fire as a baseline, natural, or keystone process, such that restoring fire in fire-dependent and fire-adapted ecosystems at levels not significantly exceeding pre-1800 fire return intervals is not treated as a federal or agency action. Further, non-Tribal governments should not attempt to regulate cultural burning, as it is a retained right of Indigenous peoples.
Stanniocalcin Protein Expression in Female Reproductive Organs: Literature Review and Public Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Khatun Masuma , Modhukur Vijayachitra , Piltonen Terhi T , Tapanainen Juha S , Salumets Andres 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Stanniocalcin (STC) 1 and 2 serve as antihyperglycemic polypeptide hormones with critical roles in regulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis. They additionally function as paracrine and/or autocrine factors involved in numerous physiological processes, including female reproduction. STC1 and STC2 contribute to the pathophysiology of several diseases, including female infertility- and pregnancy-associated conditions, and even tumorigenesis of reproductive organs. This comprehensive review highlights the dynamic expression patterns and potential dysregulation of STC1 and STC2, restricted to female fertility, and infertility- and pregnancy-associated diseases and conditions, such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormal uterine bleeding, uterine polyps, and pregnancy complications, like impaired decidualization, preeclampsia, and preterm labor. Furthermore, the review elucidates the role of dysregulated STC in the progression of cancers of the reproductive system, including endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Additionally, the review evaluates the expression patterns and prognostic significance of STC in gynecological cancers by utilizing existing public datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas to help decipher the multifaceted roles of these pleiotropic hormones in disease progression. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which STC proteins influence all these reviewed conditions could lead to the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the context of female reproductive health and oncology.
“No One Is Who They Say They Are”: The Political Aesthetics of David Peace, Waste Land Poetry, and Extreme Music
Authors: Wilson Jack 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article constructs a genealogy of anti-imperialist cultural practice, connecting novels and spoken word projects of David Peace to post–World War II Japanese poetry and to the extreme music practice of the powerviolence band Column of Heaven. By placing Peace's novels in conversation with these different cultural forms, it aims to show how the modernist mystification can augment the radical political effects of popular art during the era of imperialism. The article proposes an alternative route to Marxist cultural criticism via Althusser's understanding of ideological interpellation and his critique of Lenin's classic analysis of imperialism. In this sense, it proposes to link contemporary experimental musical and literary practice to a Marxist politics of anti-imperialism, in contradistinction to the potentially depoliticizing effects of the popular critique of neoliberalism.
Acute Ketone Monoester Supplementation Does Not Change Exercise Efficiency during Incremental Cycling in Trained Individuals
Authors: BONE JACK , BAUMGARTEN SYDNEY , MCCARTHY DEVIN G. , BOSTAD WILLIAM , RICHARDS DOUGLAS L. , GIBALA MARTIN J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Acute ketone monoester (KE) supplementation can alter exercise responses related to endurance performance. There are limited and equivocal data regarding the effect on exercise efficiency including the influence of supplement dose. We therefore examined the effect of KE ingestion on indices of exercise efficiency during submaximal incremental cycling in trained participants.

Methods
Twenty-eight adults (16 males and 12 females) aged 30 ± 10 yr (peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak): 59 ± 11 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed three experimental trials in a randomized, crossover, and double-blinded manner. Participants ingested either 0.3 (KE-LO) or 0.6 (KE-HI) g·kg−1 body mass of KE or a flavor-matched placebo (PLAC) ~30 min before exercise. Exercise involved a 3-min warm-up, three 5-min stages at fixed incremental workloads corresponding to 75%, 100%, and 125% of individual ventilatory threshold, followed by a ramp protocol to volitional exhaustion to determine peak power output (PPO).

Results
Venous blood [ß-hydroxybutyrate], the major circulating ketone body, was higher after KE ingestion compared with PLAC (KE-HI: 3.0 ± 1.1 ≥ KE-LO: 2.3 ± 0.6 ≥ PLAC: 0.2 ± 0.1 mM; all P ≤ 0.001. There were no differences between conditions in the primary outcome exercise economy, nor gross efficiency or delta efficiency, when analyzed over the entire submaximal exercise period or by stage. Heart rate and ventilation were higher in KE-HI and KE-LO compared with PLAC when assessed over the entire submaximal exercise period and by stage (all P ≤ 0.05). PPO after the ramp was lower in KE-HI compared with both KE-LO and PLAC (329 ± 60 vs 339 ± 62 and 341 ± 61 W, respectively; both P < 0.05) despite no difference in V̇O2peak.

Conclusions
KE ingestion did not change indices of exercise efficiency but increased markers of cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal incremental cycling and reduced PPO.
Resolving Differences between MLSS and CP by Considering Rates of Change of Blood Lactate during Endurance Exercise
Authors: OZKAYA OZGUR , AS HAKAN , PEKER ARDA , BURNLEY MARK , JONES ANDREW M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The identification of the power output that separates the heavy intensity exercise domain, wherein steady states in blood [lactate] and pulmonary V̇O2 are achievable, from the severe intensity domain, wherein they are not, has conceptual and practical value in exercise physiology.

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a new method that more closely represents the heavy to severe exercise domain boundary by evaluating the rates of blood lactate accumulation during the constant power output exercise bouts that are used in the assessment of the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS).

Methods
Eight well-trained male cyclists completed five exercise tests of up to 30 min for the determination of the traditional MLSS (MLSSTRAD) and a further four maximal tests for the determination of critical power (CP). The rates of change of blood [lactate] between 10 min and the end of exercise in the MLSS tests were plotted against the corresponding power outputs, and a two-segment linear regression model was used to identify individualized break points in lactate accumulation versus power output (modified MLSS [MLSSMOD]).

Results
MLSSMOD was significantly higher than MLSSTRAD (297 ± 41 vs 278 ± 41 W, P < 0.001) but was not significantly different from CP (297 ± 41 W, P > 0.05); MLSSMOD and CP were closely aligned (r = 0.97, bias = −0.52 W, SEE = 10 W, limits of agreement = −20 to 19 W). The rates of change of both blood [lactate] and V̇O2 were significantly greater, and exercise intolerance occurred before 30 min, at a power output slightly above MLSSMOD.

Conclusions
A novel method for evaluating blood lactate kinetics during MLSSTRAD protocol produces MLSSMOD that is not different from CP and better represents the heavy to severe exercise domain boundary.
Platform Governance with Algorithm-Based Content Moderation: An Empirical Study on Reddit
Authors: He Qinglai , Hong Yili , Raghu T. S. 
Published: August 2024

Pratice- and Policy-oriented Abstract Volunteer (human) moderators have been the essential workforce for content moderation to combat growing inappropriate online content. Because volunteer-based content moderation faces challenges in achieving scalable, desirable, and sustainable moderation, many online platforms have started to adopt algorithm-based content moderation tools (bots). However, it is unclear how volunteer moderators react to the bot adoption in terms of their community-policing and -nurturing efforts. Our research collected public moderation records by bots and volunteer moderators from Reddit. Our analysis suggests that bots can augment volunteer moderators. Augmentation results in volunteers shifting their efforts from simple policing work to a broader set of moderations, including policing over subjective rule violations and satisfying the increased needs for community-nurturing activities following the policing actions. This paper has implications for online platform managers looking to scale online activities and explains how volunteers can achieve more effective and sustainable content moderation with the assistance of bots.
Ordinary and Prophet Planning Under Uncertainty in Bernoulli Congestion Games
Authors: Cominetti Roberto , Scarsini Marco , Schröder Marc , Stier-Moses Nicolas E. 
Published: August 2024

Uncertain Demand in Transportation Reduces Worst-Case Congestion In “Ordinary and Prophet Planning Under Uncertainty in Bernoulli Congestion Games,” Cominetti, Scarsini, Schröder, and Stier-Moses characterize the inefficiency introduced by self-minded travelers in congested networks, such as those in big cities. When the likelihood that travelers are present in a congested network is smaller, the uncertainty affects the resulting conditions but also what a social planner would do. Contrary to what might be expected, the consequence is a reduction of the worst-case expressions for the inefficiency of the prevailing traffic conditions with respect to the routes of a social planner. This reduction holds under two possible informational assumptions for the social planner. An ordinary planner only has statistical information based on past data in terms of the expected number of travelers, whereas a prophet planner is informed of the participation outcomes right when travelers start their trips.
Assessment of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) on image quality in pediatric cardiac CT datasets type of manuscript: Original research
Authors: Cho Hyun-Hae , Lee So Mi , You Sun Kyoung 
Published: August 2024

Bakground
To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative image quality using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) of pediatric cardiac computed tomography (CT) compared with conventional image reconstruction methods.

Methods
Between January 2020 and December 2022, 109 pediatric cardiac CT scans were included in this study. The CT scans were reconstructed using an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASiR-V) with a blending factor of 80% and three levels of DLIR with TrueFidelity (low-, medium-, and high-strength settings). Quantitative image quality was measured using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The edge rise distance (ERD) and angle between 25% and 75% of the line density profile were drawn to evaluate sharpness. Qualitative image quality was assessed using visual grading analysis scores.

Results
A gradual improvement in the SNR and CNR was noted among the strength levels of the DLIR in sequence from low to high. Compared to ASiR-V, high-level DLIR showed significantly improved SNR and CNR (P<0.05). ERD decreased with increasing angle as the level of DLIR increased.

Conclusion
High-level DLIR showed improved SNR and CNR compared to ASiR-V, with better sharpness on pediatric cardiac CT scans.
Individual-level social determinants of health and disparities in access to kidney transplant and waitlist mortality
Authors: Mupfudze Tatenda G. , Martinez Alina , Noreen Samantha M. , Stewart Darren E. , Schold Jesse D. , Cartwright Laura 
Published: August 2024

Background
Comprehensive, individual-level social determinants of health (SDOH) are not collected in national transplant registries, limiting research aimed at understanding the relationship between SDOH and waitlist outcomes among kidney transplant candidates.

Methods
We merged Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data with individual-level SDOH data from LexisNexis, a commercial data vendor, and conducted a competing risk analysis to determine the association between individual-level SDOH and the cumulative incidence of living donor kidney transplant (LDKT), deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT), and waitlist mortality. We included adult kidney transplant candidates placed on the waiting list in 2020, followed through December 2023.

Results
In multivariable analysis, having public insurance (Medicare or Medicaid), less than a college degree, and any type of derogatory record (liens, history of eviction, bankruptcy and/ felonies) were associated with lower likelihood of LDKT. Compared with patients with estimated individual annual incomes ≤ $30,000, patients with incomes ≥ $120,000 were more likely to receive a LDKT (sub distribution hazard ratio (sHR), 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.03–3.12). Being on Medicare (sHR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.42–1.57), having some college or technical school, or at most a high school diploma were associated with a higher likelihood of DDKT. Compared with patients with incomes ≤ $30,000, patients with incomes ≥ $120,000 were less likely to receive a DDKT (sHR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51–0.71). Lower individual annual income, having public insurance, at most a high school diploma, and a record of liens or eviction were associated with higher waitlist mortality.

Conclusions
Patients with adverse individual-level SDOH were less likely to receive LDKT, more likely to receive DDKT, and had higher risk of waitlist mortality. Differential relationships between SDOH, access to LDKT, DDKT, and waitlist mortality suggest the need for targeted interventions aimed at decreasing waitlist mortality and increasing access to LDKT among patients with adverse SDOH.
Third-generation cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats in Germany in 2019–2021
Authors: Frenzer Stefanie Katharina , Feuer Leonie , Bartel Alexander , Bethe Astrid , Lübke-Becker Antina , Klein Babette , Bäumer Wolfgang , Merle Roswitha 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a worldwide challenge, threatening global health. The objective of this research was to determine the 3rdgeneration cephalosporin resistance (3GCR) proportion inEscherichia (E.) coliisolated from clinical samples of dogs and cats in Germany.MethodsThe study utilized result data from antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of isolates obtained from diagnostic samples collected from dogs and cats send in for bacterial examination. Data includes AST results from 3,491 veterinary practices in Germany spanning the years 2019 to 2021, representing 33.1% of practices and clinics nationwide. Out of 175,171 clinical samples, a total of 25,491E. colistrains (14,6%) were evaluated for their susceptibility to antimicrobials, in particular the 3rdgeneration cephalosporin cefovecin, but also aminoglycosides (gentamicin, GEN), fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ENR), tetracyclines (doxycycline), phenicols (chloramphenicol), folate pathway inhibitors (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim), and nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin).ResultsThe cefovecin resistance proportion was 11.6% in the study period. Geographical analysis showed local variations in 3GCR inE. coliof ±3%. Regarding allE. coliisolates investigated, resistance proportions were observed as follows: 12% for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 7% for enrofloxacin, 8% for chloramphenicol and 4% for gentamicin. Notably, 3GCRE. colishowed significantly higher resistance proportions, specifically 30% for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 28% for chloramphenicol, 18% for enrofloxacin and 14% for gentamicin.ConclusionsThis study represents the first of its kind to utilize an extensive dataset encompassing dogs and cats across Germany. Companion animals have close contact to their owners and transmission of 3GCR between them is likely as well as acquisition from other environmental sources. Resistance proportions (6.7%) against the antibiotic ceftazidime as reported by the German AMR surveillance for human medicine were lower than in our veterinary data. Our study provides an overview of the current 3GCR resistance proportion in Germany and demonstrates the importance of integrated AMR monitoring.
Rhythmic and Poetic Qualities in Sinhala Speech. By Mahagama Sekera. Translated by Garrett Field and Ravinda Mahagamasekera.
Authors: Sekera Mahagama , Field Garrett , Mahagamasekera Ravinda 
Published: August 2024

Mahagama Sekera (1929–1976) investigates how rhythmic qualities and poetics inhere in figurative language found in everyday Sinhala speech; the formation of original constructions in poetry and song lyrics; prosodic features in child storytelling; colloquial expressions generated from one light verb; aperiodic rhythms in context-specific utterances and proverbs; and the moraic structures of doublets (yugala pada).

Citation: Sekera, Mahagama. “Rhythmic and Poetic Qualities in Sinhala Speech.” Translated by Garrett Field and Ravinda Mahagamasekera; edited by Richard K. Wolf. Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 16. Bloomington, IN: Society for Ethnomusicology, 2024. DOI:

Originally published in Sinhala as pages 39–51 in chapter 2, “Rhythm and [Sinhala] Speech” in Sinhala Gadya Padya Nirmānayanhi Ridma Lakṣana (Rhythmic Qualities of Sinhala Prose and Verse), S. Godage & Brothers, 2007 [2001].
The potential for kelp (order Laminariales) aquaculture in South Africa: a biological review
Authors: Bolton John J. , Rothman Mark D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Benguela upwelling region on the west coast of South Africa/Namibia has the only major kelp forests on the African continent. South Africa has four species of laminarian kelps; Ecklonia maxima, Laminaria pallida dominate kelp forests in the west coast Benguela upwelling system, with Macrocystis pyrifera occurring rarely in this region and Ecklonia radiata largely confined to the more nutrient-poor south and east coasts. Growth studies on these species have been limited to laboratory experiments and very few initial, small-scale coastal studies. As in other Atlantic regions, there is growing interest in the potential for kelp aquaculture in Southern Africa, and recent pilot initiatives. A comprehensive summary of available literature on South African kelps, their biology and ecology, distribution and growth parameters, is presented, and the potential for kelp aquaculture discussed in relation to recent developments elsewhere on Atlantic and Eastern Pacific coastlines. Recommendations are made with respect to the choice of potential species and sites.