bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the distinctiveness of Chinese psychology; or: Are we all Chinese?
Authors: Smith Peter B. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The basic framework for research in many areas of psychology has derived principally from the extensive range of studies conducted over the past hundred years on and by that small proportion of the world's population that resides in North America. This article briefly identifies some of the key areas in which it has thus far been argued that there is something different or distinctive about the psychology of ethnic Chinese. It focuses on examining the extent to which studies conducted in other parts of the world have also identified some of the supposedly distinctive Chinese attributes. It also provides the criteria that are needed for assessing the distinctiveness of Chinese psychology. Sampling of the beliefs and values endorsed within the four primarily Chinese societies in the world in relation to non-Chinese societies indicates substantial psychological variability within the domain of Chinese ethnicity.
The Cartography of Syntactic Structures
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo , Rizzi Luigi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSyntactic structures are complex objects, whose subtle properties have been highlighted and elucidated by half a century of formal syntactic studies, building on a much older tradition. Their cartography is an attempt to draw maps as precise and detailed as possible of syntactic configurations. Broadly constructed in this way, it is not an approach or a hypothesis, but a research topic asking the question: what are the right structural maps for natural language syntax? This chapter discusses the following: inventory of functional categories, comparative syntax and typology, cartography and minimalism; and hierarchies, syntax, and semantics.
Cognitive Grammar
Authors: Langacker Ronald W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe central goal of Cognitive Grammar (CG) is to describe the structure of particular languages and develop a general framework allowing the optical description of any language. CG is a particular cognitive linguistic theory. Even within cognitive linguistics, it stands out as radical due to certain basic claims, notably that grammar is wholly symbolic and that basic grammatical notions (such as noun, verb, and subject) have unified conceptual characterizations. Nevertheless, it is largely compatible with a wide spectrum of cognitive and functional approaches, being general and flexible enough to incorporate their findings and insights.
Sign-Based Construction Grammar
Authors: Michaelis Laura A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo practise Construction Grammar is to accept a proposition that is anathema to most linguists, whether they be ‘formalists’ or ‘functionalists’: many, if not most, of the grammatical facts which people appear to know cannot be resolved into general principles, but must instead be stipulated. This stipulation takes the form of a grammatical construction. Grammatical constructions are recipes for word combinations that speakers use to achieve specific communicative goals, e.g., issuing an order, requesting information, attributing a property to an entity. This chapter describes the formalized version of Construction Grammar: Sign-Based Construction Grammar (SBCG), beginning with a discussion of SBCG formalism. It then discusses four rationales that constructionists have offered for a construction-based view of syntax. These are: (i) constructions license arguments and syntactic sisterhood relations; (ii) there is a continuum of idiomaticity; (iii) core and periphery are interleaved during production; and (iv) constructions have formal and interpretive conditions that cannot be captured by mapping procedures. The chapter concludes by discussing the role of construction-based syntax in the search for syntactic universals.
A Frames Approach to Semantic Analysis
Authors: Fillmore Charles J. , Baker Collin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter contrasts a broad use of the term frame in cognitive science with its related use in a type of linguistic analysis, describing the principles and data structure of a particular research project (FrameNet) as a model for representing frame-based analyses of lexical meanings. It introduces an extension of the project to include the semantic contributions of grammatical constructions and concludes by surveying the implications of a frames perspective on some familiar issues in linguistic semantics.
Framework-Free Grammatical Theory
Authors: Haspelmath Martin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter argues that framework-free grammatical description/analysis and explanation is superior to framework-bound analysis because all languages have different categories, and languages should be described in their own terms. Frameworks represent aprioristic assumptions that are likely to lead to a distorted description of language. The chapter argues against restrictive theoretical frameworks of the generative type, against frameworks of functional approaches such as Functional Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar, and against Basic Linguistic Theory.
A Guide to Modelling credit term Structures
Authors: Lipton Alexander , Rennie Andrew 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article examines the conventional bond pricing methodology and shows that it does not adequately reflect the nature of the credit risk faced by investors. In particular, it demonstrates that the strippable discounted cash flows valuation assumption, which is normally taken for granted by most analysts, leads to biased estimates of relative value for credit bonds. The article introduces a consistent survival-based valuation methodology that is free of biases, albeit at a price of abandoning the strippable discounted cash flows valuation assumption, and also develops a robust estimation methodology for survival probability term structures using the exponential splines approximation. This methodology is implemented and tested in a wide variety of market conditions, and across a large set of sectors and issuers, from the highest credit quality to highly distressed ones. It concludes that the adoption of the survival-based methodologies advocated in this article by market participants will lead to an increase in the efficiency of the credit markets, just as the adoption of better pre-payment models led to efficiency in the mortgage-based securities markets twenty years ago.
Statistical data mining procedures in generalized cox regressions
Authors: Wei Zhen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article, which introduces the basic ideas of Cox's original proportional model for the hazard rates and extends the model within a general framework of statistical data mining procedures, is organized as follows. Section 2 introduces various statistical data mining procedures for (generalised) Cox regression with time-independent covariates (for cross-sectional type data). Section 3 deals with time-dependent covariates. Section 4 presents an example of using statistical factors to explain the default arrival intensities and to generate trading signals. The idea is quite general and can be extended to make other forms of factor models for credit derivatives. Concluding remarks are given in Section 5.
An Exposition Of CDS Market Models
Authors: Schloegl Lutz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article gives an introduction to the mechanics and techniques used to develop market models for credit, focusing on the single credit case. The concept of a background filtration was introduced by Jeanblanc and Rutkowski (2000), and has been used by multiple authors since, e.g., Jamshidian (2004) and Brigo and Morini (2005). The theory is worked out in relative detail in Section 2, which also formalises the concept of a background price process. Section 3 shows how this theory can be used to derive Black-type pricing formulas for default swaptions. A full market model is developed in Section 4. It turns out that, in the case where both credit spreads and interest rates are stochastic and dependent, the situation is not as clean as for interest rate market models. This is because default protection payoffs inherently contain a measure mismatch due to the timing of default and the payout. In the case where credit and interest rates are independent, the situation simplifies considerably. Under these simplifications, Section 5 describes in detail the induction steps needed to construct a market model from scratch. Section 6 describes an alternative method of constructing credit default swaps (CDS) market models. Instead of using forward default intensities as model primitives, it directly describes the dynamics of certain survival probability ratios. Finally, the pricing of constant maturity CDS contracts is examined in Section 7.
Markov Chain Models of Portfolio Credit Risk
Authors: Bielelcki Tomasz R. , Crépey Stéphane , Herbertsson Alexander 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article reviews a selection of methods and results for various applications of the theory of continuous time Markov chains to valuation of credit derivatives. Section 2 begins with a review of some basic notions and results from the theory of continuous-time Markov chains. Sections 3 to 5 are devoted to the study of a few specific Markovian models of portfolio credit risk.
An EVT Primer for Credit Risk
Authors: Chavez‐Demoulin Valérie , Embrechts Paul 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article aims to provide the basics any risk manager should know on the modelling of external events, and this from a past–present–future research perspective. Such events are often also referred to as low-probability events or rare events. The article is organised as follows. Section 2 starts with an overview of the credit risk-specific issues within Quantitative Risk Management and shows where relevant Extreme Value Theory-related questions are being asked. Section 3 presents the one-dimensional theory of extremes, whereas Section 4 is concerned with the multivariate case. Section 5 discusses particular applications and gives an outlook on current research in the field, while Section 6 concludes.
Home Price Derivatives and Modelling
Authors: Levin Alexander 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article discusses the nature of the housing prices and their dynamics. More specifically, it presents a qualitative and quantitative overview of the formation of the housing price bubble in the United States and its subsequent collapse. The article argues that home prices are stochastic in nature and proposes their modelling in two complementary ways: (a) based on pure empirical considerations; and (b) based on general risk-neutral arguments using the fact that several purely financial home price indices are traded at various exchanges.
The Scribe of The Flood Story and his Circle
Authors: Koppen Frans van 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article looks at the social context of Mesopotamian poetry as it relates to the question of where and how one famous example may have been received, the story of Atram-hasis. It explains that this work was by apprentice scribe Ipiq-Aya and that the Atram-hasis and the other literary texts signed by, or attributed to, Ipiq-Aya were written by a boy or young man who was taught to be a scribe. It argues that compositions studied by Ipiq-Aya and his contemporaries reveal a very different choice of texts than we are familiar with at Nippur and Ur.
Royal Decision-Making: Kings, Magnates, and Scholars
Authors: Radner Karen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article investigates the role of two distinct groups of advisors to the Assyrian king and their impact on royal decision-making: the highest state officials or magnates and scholarly experts in the royal entourage. The magnates comprised a set of about 100–120 men who formed the backbone of the Assyrian Empire, instrumental in its creation and indispensable to its maintenance. The scholars served to monitor and interpret divine messages and to perform the rituals necessary to keep the precious relationship with the divine powers in balance.
Thomas Middleton's Shelf Life
Authors: Yates Julian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe The Owle's Almanacke may be described as a mock-almanac, a parody, and so to assimilate her to the world of almanac production in early modern England. But to proclaim The Owle a mock-almanac begs an even greater set of questions about what remains still essentially an understudied phenomenon in early modern England and Europe: the circuits of information and book use that formed between variously skilled groups of readers or book users and the readers or book users we name writers. This article begins by contextualizing The Owle within the larger traditions of almanac parody, which for Middleton became a career-long obsession. It then examines the zoographic play of The Owle as it thematizes the processes of reading and finding yourself read – caught up, that is, in a series of machine-like responses that you had assumed were singular, personal, yours, and which now offer a different order of pleasure than that of use. The article traces The Owle's relationship to the Faust story, finding in Middleton's mock-almanac a comical, prosaic instance of the more urgent, desperate questions of ‘shelf life’ provoked by the blood writing of Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus (1604/1616). It concludes by asking how Middleton's mock-almanac might lead us to rethink the model of reading most usually deployed to make sense of early modern modes of ‘book use’.
Middleton And Dance
Authors: Ravelhofer Barbara 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article, which examines Middleton's techniques of tempo, timing, and spacing in light of Renaissance dance, begins with some general observations about dancing in Middleton's time and then moves on to choreographic technique in his work. As Middleton sometimes wrote his plays together with other writers, it will be important to consider dance in drama in light of such collaborations.
‘My Cloak's A Stranger; He Was Made But Yesterday’
Authors: Lowe Eleanor 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Middleton explores the concept of layering using literal and linguistic means by presenting a diverse range of sartorially informed dramatic moments. This article examines a selection of examples from Your Five Gallants, The Roaring Girl, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside. For example, in The Roaring Girl, Moll Frith is measured for breeches by a lecherous tailor, Master Allwit is seen being trussed in preparation for ‘his’ child's christening party in A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, and Tailby strips off whilst gambling and is subsequently reclothed by doting female ‘clients’. The three examples chosen from Middleton's body of work emphasize the links between clothing, the economy, and the daily and life rituals of early modern Londoners.
‘Old Dad Dead?’
Authors: Lehmann Courtney 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article considers whether film adaptations of Middleton's plays are really that much different from their Shakespearian counterparts. Is there something genuinely new occurring in these adaptations? The answer is an unqualified ‘yes’. It is shown that while Middleton adaptations tend to reinforce the reductive equation of the Jacobean period with ‘decadence’, brought about by ‘material comfort, political stability and undue deference to the monarch’, the adaptations examined do not misread the present. These films venture into critiques of the neo-noir universe of late capitalism where Shakespeare films fear to tread. Generating provocative, if not highly disturbing, variations on the noir themes of the obscene father and the femme fatale, film adaptations of Middleton linger on the cusp – or, indeed, in the middle – of an uncertain heritage, caught somewhere between the historical reflex of misogyny and a more radical critique of the collective, totemic paternalism of our own ‘contemporary Jacobean’ culture.
‘Nimble In Damnation, Quick In Tune’
Authors: Lanier Douglas M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Shakespearian tragedy is a popular choice for opera due to its affinity between the expressive virtuosity and melodramatic nature of opera as a form and the orientation of Shakespeare's dramaturgy towards relishing the passions of his characters – passions rhetorically intensified with hyperbole, ecphonesis, copia, and the like. This raises the question of why composers of musical theatre have by and large not taken up the works of other early modern English playwrights, for Shakespeare is certainly not alone in crafting scenarios that afford myriad opportunities for emotional display, nor in using rhetorical resources to embellish those moments. This article considers two such examples: Middleton's Vice and The Revenger's Tragedy. The heightened pathos, eventful plot, Italian setting, and themes of love, betrayal, and vengeance in The Revenger's Tragedy seem especially well suited to operatic adaptation. Vice is billed as ‘a jazz opera’, and that formulation captures its hybrid musical style.
Middleton And Usury
Authors: Hawkes David 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article discusses usury as a dominant theme in Middleton's plays. Relations of credit and debt mediate every kind of human interaction in his drama, despoiling innocence, violating love, debasing character, and unbalancing the mind. Middleton was particularly well placed to understand the dramatic impact of usury on everyday life. His childhood was marred by a decades-long financial and legal struggle between his mother and stepfather, which temporarily sent his stepfather to debtors' prison and deprived Thomas of most of his inheritance. Fragmentary as it is, the surviving written evidence records several instances of Middleton's financial distress. In 1612 he is listed among the debtors of the deceased Ewen Hebson of Westminster, and he defaulted on loans in 1606 and 1609.
Middleton'S Language Machine
Authors: Guy-Bray Stephen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The distinctive qualities of Middleton's poetry are best demonstrated in The Wisdom of Solomon Paraphrased. This poem was his first publication; it appeared in 1597 when the poet was still an adolescent. This article attempts to give some sense of how this extraordinary poem functions as a language machine, sometimes coinciding with the biblical book that is its source, and sometimes working on its own and producing its own meanings.
Wisdom in Reverse
Authors: Fernie Ewan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article explores Middleton's first known work, the lengthy and elaborate religious poem The Wisdom of Solomon Paraphrased (1597). It suggests that Wisdom is not just a piece of immature hack work in the shrubbery of Scripture. As Debora Shuger notes in her introduction to the poem in the Collected Works, more than 60 per cent of its lines have no biblical source or equivalent, and elsewhere, Middleton ‘tends to be aggressively contrapuntal rather than faithfully paraphrastic’. Moreover, he writes in perfectly uninhibited ignorance of – or indifference towards – the exegetical tradition. Can Wisdom be our first glimpse of the face of Thomas Middleton? If so, it is a strange face indeed, very different from the curled, barbered, rich-complexioned, and self-possessed gallant of the surviving portrait. For this is a face distorted by pain and a self-hatred that eats so deep as to encompass the entire species. And yet, it is also, simultaneously, a face almost obscenely touched with an inexpressible and perhaps perverted ecstasy.
Giving Revenger's Its Due
Authors: Buccola Regina 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article focuses on two productions of Middleton's The Revenger's Tragedy staged in the summer of 2008, at the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester, and the National Theatre, London. Jonathan Moore – an actor, director, and playwright known for his work in opera with production designer David Blight – directed the play for the Royal Exchange Theatre. Celebrated choreographer, designer, and director Melly Still put Revenger's on the Olivier Theatre stage with co-designer Ti Green. The unintentionally paired productions in Manchester and London offered a unique theatrical laboratory for exploring the different perspectives on Vindice as a character, retributive justice, and the place of women in a sex-based patriarchal power structure that Revenger's can be made to convey. Despite the many differences between the two productions' presentations of Vindice and the trio of wronged women at the centre of Revenger's, both made effective use of the early modern practice of actors doubling roles to visually link the women who motivate the play's acts of vengeance.
Middleton's Imagination
Authors: Bruster Douglas 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article explores Middleton's imagination, which is attracted to the struggle between body and soul, desire and fear, and which generally follows his convictions rather than creating them. Calvinistic in a way that reflects the complexities of that thinker's positions, Middleton finds sin not only inevitable but erotic: one of the pleasures of his own imagination seems to be imagining the painful consequences, for others, of pleasure seeking. Therefore neither his imagination nor its products are habitually transcendent, or especially seek to be. Middleton's major act of imagination is to conceive of human impulsiveness – whether in imaginative creation or the pursuit of the erotic – as less a liberating and productive faculty than a recursive and debilitating one. Yet in their focus on the pull of the physical, his works reveal a compelling range of experience. Middleton has a different way of conceiving of the imagination; in this difference we gain a valuable entry to the differences and achievements of his imagination itself.
Middleton And The Continent
Authors: Britland Karen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
There is no evidence that Middleton ever visited the Continent, but it is clear from his writing that he read widely in Italian, French, and Spanish sources, usually, if not always, in the original languages. This article investigates some of his borrowings and the ways in which he and his collaborators represented foreign characters, languages, and political affairs on the English stage. Taking its spirit from A Mad World, My Masters' gloriously duplicitous courtesan, it also considers the ways in which these plays figure the connections between the Continent and the incontinent.
Introduction
Authors: Trentmann Frank 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This volume follows several of the most exciting recent pathways into consumption and its history, re-examines old debates, and looks ahead to questions for future research. It looks at several rich traditions of material culture that existed prior to modernity with which consumer society is often conflated. The book examines the public as well as private face of consumption, in relation to public life and social order as well as the organization of households and social groups. It also discusses the movement of goods between societies, along with questions of global exchange and diffusion in the early modern world. The book then explores luxury and necessity, the luxury wars, patterns of possessions and diet in town and country, changes in the standard of living, the life cycle of consumption from the desire to consume in the future (saving), the use of energy to be comfortable and run things, and the politics of consumption. Finally, it considers the relationship between consumers and civil society, status, family life, generational identities, fashion, and well-being.