bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C activation causes neurite retraction via cyclinD1 and p60‐katanin increase in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Korulu Sirin , Yildiz‐Unal Aysegul , Yuksel Meral , Karabay Arzu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNeurons are differentiated postmitotic cells residing in G0 phase of the cell cycle and are unable to proceed through G1 phase, in which cyclinD1 needs to be up‐regulated for initiation. Yet, a growing body of evidence has shown that cell cycle re‐activation via cyclinD1 up‐regulation drives neurons into apoptosis. By contrast, there is also evidence demonstrating cell cycle proteins playing roles in neuronal differentiation. cyclinD1 has been shown to be differently regulated by protein kinase C alpha (PKC‐α) in various mitotic cells. Based on these different effects, we investigated the role of PKC‐α on cyclinD1 regulation in hippocampal neurons. Neurons were treated with PKC activator, PMA, and analysed for subcellular distributions of PKC‐α and cyclinD1. Remarkably, PMA treatment increased nuclear PKC‐α and cyclinD1, but not PKC‐ε in hippocampal neurons. Increases in nuclear PKC‐α and cyclinD1 were accompanied by microtubule re‐organisation via increases in tau and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation levels. Increased p60‐katanin and p53 changed the neuronal morphology into neurons with shorter, but increased number of side branches. Since up‐regulation of cell cycle is associated with apoptosis in neurons, we also analysed changes in Bax, Bcl‐2 early and PARP (poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase), caspase3 late apoptotic markers. However, we did not observe any indication of apoptosis. These data suggest that in addition to their previously known roles in mitotic cells on cell cycle regulation, PKC‐α and cyclinD1 seem to be important for differentiation, and nuclear PKC‐α and cyclinD1 interfere with differentiation by promoting microtubule re‐organisation through PKC signaling without triggering apoptosis.
Males with a Faster Courtship Display have More White Spots and Higher Pairing Success in the Diamond Firetail, Stagonopleura guttata
Authors: Zanollo Valeria , Griggio Matteo , Robertson Jeremy , Kleindorfer Sonia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is growing evidence that female mate choice could be based on a combination of multiple signals that often involve both ornamental colourful traits and behavioural displays. The Diamond Firetail is an Australian finch with a variable number of white spots on their black flank feathers. The number of white spots is a dimorphic characteristic: females have more spots than males, and males prefer females with many spots. Previously, we found assortative pairing for spot number despite the absence of experimental evidence for female preference for male spot number. Here, we test whether the male behavioural courtship display (bobbing while waving a grass stem) correlates with male spot number and pairing success. We also test whether male spot number predicts the outcome (winner or loser) of intrasexual competition over courtship materials (grass stem, perch, nest site). Males with many spots had higher pairing success, and male spot number correlated with the intensity of courtship display. In a multivariate statistical analysis, male courtship display was the stronger predictor of male pairing success. Finally, male spot number predicted the outcome of intrasexual interactions: males with many spots consistently won contests over grass stems, perches and nest sites. We suggest that intrasexual selection could favour male spot number, whereas courtship intensity appears to be under stronger intersexual selection.
Penetrating injuries of the foot
Authors: Smith M. R. W. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPenetrating injuries to the foot are potentially serious injuries in the horse. Diagnosis is usually straightforward and a combination of radiography (including positive contrast studies) and synoviocentesis usually is necessary to determine which structures within the foot are involved. Superficial punctures usually carry a good prognosis but involvement of deep structures such as the distal phalanx or deep digital flexor tendon and navicular bursa adversely influence this. Knowledge of wound healing in the foot and a rational approach to antimicrobial selection and surgical intervention are all necessary for successful case management.
On reactive routing protocols in ZigBee wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ortiz Antonio M. , Royo Fernando , Olivares Teresa , Castillo Jose Carlos , Orozco‐Barbosa Luis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractZigBee is the primary standard solution for wireless sensor networks, implementing the Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol in the network layer and supported by the standard IEEE 802.15.4. This study is focused on mesh topologies and the critical problems encountered when AODV is executed in conjunction with the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance protocol. These problems are mainly related to the packet overhead required to carry out route creation. To perform preliminary experiments to be able to implement AODV in a real network, a new metric is proposed herein. This metric uses fuzzy logic to help in the decision‐making process. The objective of the fuzzy routine is to determine, during the route‐discovery process, the best node to forward request/reply packets, with the aim of reducing packet overhead and energy consumption. Moreover, minor changes are also added to the discovery procedure of AODV to improve the performance of the route‐creation process. This intelligent version of AODV has provided promising experimental results, greatly reducing the number of packets required, with the consequent energy saving while selecting the best nodes to be part of the routes.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester induces E2F‐1‐mediated growth inhibition and cell‐cycle arrest in human cervical cancer cells
Authors: Hsu Tzu‐Hui , Chu Chin‐Chen , Hung Mei‐Whey , Lee Hwei‐Jen , Hsu Hsien‐Jun , Chang Tsu‐Chung 
Published: March 2013

Caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) has been identified as an active component of propolis, a substance that confers diverse activities in cells of various origins. However, the molecular basis of CAPE‐mediated cellular activity remains to be clarified. Here, we show that CAPE preferentially induced S‐ and G2/M‐phase cell‐cycle arrests and initiated apoptosis in human cervical cancer lines. The effect was found to be associated with increased expression of E2F‐1, as there is no CAPE‐mediated induction of E2F‐1 in the pre‐cancerous cervical Z172 cells. CAPE also up‐regulated the E2F‐1 target genes cyclin A, cyclin E and apoptotic protease activating of factor 1 (Apaf‐1) but down‐regulated cyclin B and induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl‐1). These results suggest the involvement of E2F‐1 in CAPE‐mediated growth inhibition and cell‐cycle arrest. Transient transfection studies with luciferase reporters revealed that CAPE altered the transcriptional activity of the apaf‐1 and mcl‐1 promoters. Further studies using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that E2F‐1 binding to the apaf‐1 and cyclin B promoters was increased and decreased, respectively, in CAPE‐treated cells. Furthermore, E2F‐1 silencing abolished CAPE‐mediated effects on cell‐cycle arrest, apoptosis and related gene expression. Taken together, these results indicate a crucial role for E2F‐1 in CAPE‐mediated cellular activities in cervical cancer cells.
Analysis of limited proteolytic activity of calpain‐7 using non‐physiological substrates in mammalian cells
Authors: Maemoto Yuki , Kiso Satomi , Shibata Hideki , Maki Masatoshi 
Published: March 2013

Calpain‐7 is a mammalian ortholog of a fungal non‐classical calpain named PalB, which is an intracellular cysteine protease and functions in fungal alkaline adaptation in association with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system. Despite our previous finding [Osako Y et al. (2010) FEBS J 277, 4412–4426] of autolytic activity, neither physiological nor non‐physiological substrates of calpain‐7 have yet been identified, and experimentally useful substrates that show robust evidence of intermolecular proteolytic activity of calpain‐7 are required. In this study, we found limited proteolysis of C‐terminally truncated ALG‐2‐interacting protein X (ALIX; (ALIXΔC), but not full‐length ALIX, when the mutant was co‐over‐expressed with calpain‐7 in HEK293T cells and analyzed by western blotting. The extent of ALIXΔC cleavage by calpain‐7 was enhanced by co‐expression with several ESCRT proteins. We investigated whether fusion of casein, a commonly used substrate for a variety of proteases including calpains, to the Bro1 domain confers the ability to serve as a substrate of calpain‐7, but no specific cleavage was observed. However, when domain 1 of calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitory protein of ubiquitous classical calpains, was fused with the Bro1 domain, the fusion protein was cleaved at the C‐terminal border of subdomain B (an inhibitory center for calpains) of calpastatin. These results demonstrate for the first time that calpain‐7 has limited proteolytic activity and substrate preference. Moreover, the proteolytic assay system developed enabled us to perform mutational analysis of calpain‐7, which revealed the importance of not only the N‐terminal microtubule‐interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains but also the C‐terminal C2 domain‐like domains for proteolytic activity.
Note on modelling of fatigue damage rates for non‐Gaussian stresses
Authors: Rychlik I. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis note reviews the means for fatigue damage rates estimation using scaled Laplace distributed loads. The model is suitable for the description of stresses containing transients of random amplitudes and locations. Moment method to estimate model parameters is given. Explicit formulas to compute rainflow damage rate as a function of excess kurtosis are presented. Laplace model is used to describe the variability of forces measured at some location on a cultivator frame. Validation of the model and uncertainty analysis in fatigue damage predictions is given.
Climate‐induced environmental conditions influencing interannual variability of Mediterranean bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larval growth
Authors: García A. , Cortés D. , Quintanilla J. , Rámirez T. , Quintanilla L. , Rodríguez J. M. , Alemany F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDaily growth variability of bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larvae sampled in their Balearic Sea spawning grounds during the 2003–2005 spawning seasons was examined. Multi‐factorial ANOVA was applied to study the effects of environmental variables, such as temperature at 10 m depth (T10), microzooplankton dry weight (MDW) and protein/dry weight ratio (PROT/MDW) on larval growth. The 2003 bluefin tuna (BFT) larval cohort showed the fastest growth, recognizable from enhanced otolith and somatic mass increment compared to the 2004–2005 larval cohorts. The 2003 BFT larvae showed greater recent growth than the 2004–2005 BFT cohorts, which decreased in the last stages of development. Growth differences between the 2004 and 2005 larval cohorts were not significant. The environmental conditions between 2003 and 2004–2005 were highly contrasting as a result of the 2003 warming anomaly. Somatic and otolith growth rates (OGR) were significantly related to T10 and MDW, as well as to the PROT/MDW ratios. Nonetheless, the effect of T10 on OGR depended on the relative high (H) or low (L) levels of MDW and PROT/DW. Higher OGR was observed when T10 was high, MDW was low and PROT/DW was high. This environmental scenario conditions were met during 2003, which recorded the highest surface temperature and low planktonic biomass. Somatic growth, expressed as larval DW growth increase (DWGR), showed three‐factor significant interactions with T10*MDW*PROT/MDW, in which the two‐way interactions of MDW*PROT/MDW showed differences in the function of T10 levels.
Hypoxia impacts large adults first: consequences in a warming world
Authors: Clark Melody S. , Husmann Gunnar , Thorne Michael A. S. , Burns Gavin , Truebano Manuela , Peck Lloyd S. , Abele Doris , Philipp Eva E. R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFuture oceans are predicted to contain less oxygen than at present. This is because oxygen is less soluble in warmer water and predicted stratification will reduce mixing. Hypoxia in marine environments is thus likely to become more widespread in marine environments and understanding species‐responses is important to predicting future impacts on biodiversity. This study used a tractable model, the Antarctic clam, Laternula elliptica, which can live for 36 years, and has a well‐characterized ecology and physiology to understand responses to hypoxia and how the effect varied with age. Younger animals had a higher condition index, higher adenylate energy charge and transcriptional profiling indicated that they were physically active in their response to hypoxia, whereas older animals were more sedentary, with higher levels of oxidative damage and apoptosis in the gills. These effects could be attributed, in part, to age‐related tissue scaling; older animals had proportionally less contractile muscle mass and smaller gills and foot compared with younger animals, with consequential effects on the whole‐animal physiological response. The data here emphasize the importance of including age effects, as large mature individuals appear to be less able to resist hypoxic conditions and this is the size range that is the major contributor to future generations. Thus, the increased prevalence of hypoxia in future oceans may have marked effects on benthic organisms' abilities to persist and this is especially so for long‐lived species when predicting responses to environmental perturbation.
Extending a Geographic Lens Towards Climate Justice, Part 2: Climate Action
Authors: Burnham Morey , Radel Claudia , Ma Zhao , Laudati Ann 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere has been a recent increase of interest within the academic literature on the justice issues posed by climate change and the human responses to its present and forecasted effects. In two parts (here and in a previous article), we review and synthesize the recent literature by asking what climate justice concerns have been identified within three related realms: (i) the characterization of climate change itself and the assignment of responsibility for that change; (ii) the differential or uneven impacts of climate change; and (iii) the actions taken to address the problems associated with climate change, including both mitigation and adaptation. Here in Part 2, we focus on the justice concerns of climate action, examining the scholarship on climate change mitigation mechanisms formulated at the international level (i.e., REDD+, CDM) and climate change adaptation projects and finance. We argue that geographers are well‐positioned to conduct (and already well engaged in) research on the local climate justice paradoxes emerging from the currently uncritical focus of climate action policy on justice at the level of the national state.
Refuge for native lady beetles (Coccinellidae) in perennial grassland habitats
Authors: Diepenbrock Lauren M. , Finke Deborah L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The proportion of native individuals in North American lady beetle communities has declined precipitously over the past 30 years, particularly in annual cropping systems. At the same time, the number and abundance of exotic coccinellid species have been on the rise as beetles are introduced both inadvertently and intentionally for the purposes of biological control.

Perennial grasslands have been proposed as refuge habitats that promote native lady beetles, either by resisting the invasion of exotics or by providing a consistent source of shelter and resources.

Our objective is to compare the conservation value for native lady beetles of different perennial grassland habitats that vary in their degree of habitat modification and disturbance.

The abundance, species richness, and species composition of native and exotic lady beetles were compared across remnant native tallgrass prairies, native tallgrass prairies actively restored from cultivation and exotic tall fescue grasslands grown as forage crops.

Native species dominated the lady beetle community in all perennial grassland habitats, with more than 95% of captured individuals being native in origin. Exotic lady beetle species were equally rare across all habitat types.

The grassland habitat considered the most disturbed, agriculturally grown exotic tall fescue, had the highest abundance and species richness of native lady beetles and a unique composition of species as compared to prairie habitats. Lady beetle communities in remnant and restored tallgrass prairies were indistinguishable, indicating that prairie restoration successfully re‐established coccinellid communities.

Promoting perennial grasslands, both natural and agricultural, within disturbed landscapes has the potential to enhance native lady beetle populations.
In vitro evaluation of the fermentation of added‐value agroindustrial by‐products: cactus pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica L.) peel and pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel as functional ingredients
Authors: Diaz‐Vela Juan , Totosaus Alfonso , Cruz‐Guerrero Alma E. , de Lourdes Pérez‐Chabela María 
Published: March 2013

SummaryAgroindustrial by‐products derived from fruit processing are an important source of biocompounds that can be used as functional food ingredients. The objective of this work was to evaluate cactus pear and pineapple peel flours as an alternative carbon source during fermentation using bacteria with probiotic potential. The total fibre content of both flours was over 60%, with total soluble carbohydrate content around 20%, indicating a good carbon source for lactic acid bacteria. Kinetic parameters indicate that peel flours are a suitable carbon source because the lactic acid bacteria grow (mean growth rate constant, k, values close to glucose, 1.52 h) and acidify the culture media (maximum acidification rate, Vmax, approximately 1.60 pH × 10−3 min−1). There was no difference in prebiotic potential or prebiotic activity score for both the peel flours. Pediococcus pentosaceus performs better during fermentation. In this respect, cactus pear and pineapple peel flours can be used as functional ingredients due to their fermentable properties.
Acid adaptation for improvement of viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during freeze‐drying
Authors: Chu‐Ky Son , Vaysse Laurent , Liengprayoon Siriluck , Sriroth Klanarong , Le Thanh‐Mai 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThis work was aimed to investigate its adaptation to moderate acid stress and the resulting improvement in its viability during freeze‐drying. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae UP3OY5 strain was adapted to acid condition (pH 3.5), the viability of acid‐adapted cells (79.9%) was significantly higher than that of control cells (40.5%) after freeze‐drying with trehalose as a carrier. Membrane fatty acid profile of acid‐adapted cells changed significantly in comparison with that of control cells. An increase in fatty acid saturation degree that led to 1.76‐fold increase in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was shown. Intracellular glycogen content was found to be higher than that of control cells. On the contrary, the trehalose content of acid‐adapted cells was found to be much smaller than that of control cells. The key role of acid adaptation in acquiring cross‐protection mechanism was suggested to permit yeast to better survive to freeze‐drying.
Effect of ultrafiltered fractions from casein on lactic acid biosynthesis and enzyme activity in yoghurt starter cultures
Authors: Zhang Qingli , Brashears Mindy M. , Yu Zhimin , Ren Jiaoyan , Li Yinjuan , Zhao Mouming 
Published: March 2013

SummaryIn this work, five ultrafiltered fractions (UFs) with molecular mass less than 3 kDa (kilo‐daltons) from casein hydrolysates treated with alcalase, flavourzyme, neutrase, papain and trypsin, respectively, were obtained. The effect of five UFs on the fermentation for lactic acid (LA) production by mixed cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus (St) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Lb) during 72 h of cultivation was investigated. Compared with the control, LA production was, respectively, enhanced by 23.66%, 39.01%, 29.74%, 49.64% and 47.40% with the supplement of UF‐A, UF‐F, UF‐N, UF‐P and UF‐T at 24 h. The possible mechanism of LA production enhanced was elucidated by the time course analysis of the specific activity of glucokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, 6‐phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase during fermentation process. In addition, the results obtained showed the diverse influence of five UFs on the bacterial fermentation was attributed to their different amino acid distribution.
Bonhoeffer and Bultmann: Toward an Apocalyptic Rapprochement
Authors: Congdon David W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the 1950s and 1960s, the relation between Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Rudolf Bultmann was a topic of much dispute, with Gerhard Krause declaring the apparent opposition between them ‘resolved’ in 1964. Recent apocalyptic theology has reopened the divide between them by claiming Bonhoeffer as an apocalyptic thinker over against Bultmann. This article disputes that reading by arguing that the very conditions under which Bonhoeffer is rightly understood as apocalyptic open up the door for a new interpretation of Bultmann. The question of their relationship reveals the ambiguity surrounding the notion of apocalyptic. There is a pressing need for greater clarity regarding this notion as well as greater charity in relation to Bultmann.
The Obedience of the Eternal Son
Authors: Swain Scott , Allen Michael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAccording to Karl Barth, the obedience of the eternal Son in the economy of salvation is the proper mode whereby he enacts the undivided work of the Trinity ‘for us and our salvation’. This thesis now enjoys rather wide acceptance among contemporary theologians. In many instances, adopting this viewpoint has resulted in significant revisions of traditional trinitarian metaphysics. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate that adopting Barth's thesis does not require such revision and that this thesis can and should be appropriated within the orbit of traditional trinitarian theology. We will endeavor to establish our claim by considering the relationship between the Son's eternal generation and his economic obedience, and by addressing three major objections that might be raised against our claim.
Tissue‐specific effector functions of innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Björkström Niklas K. , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Mjösberg Jenny 
Published: March 2013

SummaryInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is the collective term for a group of related innate lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells and the more recently discovered non‐NK ILCs, which all lack rearranged antigen receptors such as those expressed by T and B cells. Similar to NK cells, the newly discovered ILCs depend on the transcription factor Id2 and the common γ‐chain of the interleukin‐2 receptor for development. However, in contrast to NK cells, non‐NK ILCs also require interleukin‐7. In addition to the cytotoxic functions of NK cells, assuring protection against tumour development and viruses, new data indicate that ILCs contribute to a wide range of homeostatic and pathophysiological conditions in various organs via specialized cytokine production capabilities. Here we summarize current knowledge on ILCs with a particular emphasis on their tissue‐specific effector functions, in the gut, liver, lungs and uterus. When possible, we try to highlight the role that these cells play in humans.