bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis in swine co-infected withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.hominissuisandMycobacterium bovisin a cluster from Argentina
Authors: BARANDIARAN S. , PÉREZ A. M. , GIOFFRÉ A. K. , MARTÍNEZ VIVOT M. , CATALDI A. A. , ZUMÁRRAGA M. J. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYIn Argentina little is known about the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) infection in swine. We characterized the epidemiological dynamics ofMycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) infection in a swine population of Argentina using molecular tools and spatial analysis techniques. Isolates (n = 196) obtained from TB-like lesions (n = 200) were characterized by polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were positive to eitherM. bovis(IS6110) (n = 160) orM. avium(IS1245) (n= 16) while the remaining 20 (10·2%) isolates were positive to bothM. bovisandM. avium. The detection of both bacteria together suggests co-infection at the animal level. In addition, MAC-positive isolates (n = 36) were classified asM. aviumsubsp.avium(MAA) (n = 30) andM. aviumsubsp.hominissuis(MAH) (n = 6), which resulted in five genotypes when they were typed using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit, variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR). One significant (P = 0·017) spatial clustering of genotypes was detected, in which the proportion of MAH isolates was larger than expected under the null hypothesis of even distribution of genotypes. These results show that in Argentina the proportion of TB cases in pigs caused byM. aviumis larger than that reported in earlier studies. The proportion ofM. bovis–MAC co-infections was also higher than in previous reports. These results provide valuable information on the epidemiology of MAC infection in swine in Argentina.
The Kestrel TTS text normalization system
Authors: EBDEN PETER , SPROAT RICHARD 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the Kestrel text normalization system, a component of the Google text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) system. At the core of Kestrel are text-normalization grammars that are compiled into libraries of weighted finite-state transducers (WFSTs). While the use of WFSTs for text normalization is itself not new, Kestrel differs from previous systems in its separation of the initialtokenization and classificationphase of analysis fromverbalization. Input text is first tokenized and different tokens classified using WFSTs. As part of the classification, detectedsemiotic classes– expressions such as currency amounts, dates, times, measure phases, are parsed into protocol buffers (https://code.google.com/p/protobuf/). The protocol buffers are then verbalized, with possible reordering of the elements, again using WFSTs. This paper describes the architecture of Kestrel, the protocol buffer representations of semiotic classes, and presents some examples of grammars for various languages. We also discuss applications and deployments of Kestrel as part of the Google TTS system, which runs on both server and client side on multiple devices, and is used daily by millions of people in nineteen languages and counting.
Analysis of the transport of imported food in Spain and its contribution to global warming
Authors: Pérez Neira David , Simón Fernández Xavier , Copena Rodríguez Damián , Soler Montiel Marta , Delgado Cabeza Manuel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThrough the process of globalization, food has experienced an intense territorial restructuring process. Local agric-food links have weakened at the same time as daily products arrived from distant lands. There is presently a wide international debate on the importance of transport in the configuration of the agric-food system and its contribution in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG). The direct environmental costs of the transport of imported food, that is the ‘external food miles’, have been estimated in kilometer (km), ton (t), ton-kilometer (t-km) and GHG in Spain between 1995 and 2011. The analysis is made by ten food groups including 136 products, with special attention to the most important ones (cereals and animal feed), as well as by means of transport (air, rail, road and water) and from 113 different countries belonging to six geographical areas. Two phases are identified during this period: an expansive phase (1995–2007), in which the t-km of imported food increased from 81.8 to 147.8 million t-km and environmental pressure rose from 3.1 to 5.4 million CO2-eq t, and a recession phase (2007–2011), in which environmental pressure subsided as a consequence of the reduction of imports, even though it still remained above the 1995 level. The article reveals a clear interrelation between amounts, distances and modal distribution when it comes to determining the environmental cost of transporting food imports in the two periods studied. It also reflects on the role of the external food miles in the Spanish agri-food system from a sustainability perspective.
Compact multi-band printed antenna with multi-triangular ground plane for WLAN/WiMAX/RFID applications
Authors: Yang Tang , Wen Gao , Jinsong Gao , Xiaoguo Feng 
Published: December 2014

In this paper a novel compact multi-band printed coplanar waveguide (CPW)-feed antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN)/WiMAX/RFID applications is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of a multi-triangular structure as metal ground plane and the radiation element with four different branches, both of the structures are printed on the same side of a substrate and the antenna is fed by a CPW. By carefully tuning the locations and the sizes of these four branches, the antenna can yield three different resonating frequencies to cover the desired bands for WLAN/WiMAX/RFID applications. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has the impedance bandwidth (for return loss less than −10 dB) of 700 MHz (2.2−2.9 GHz), 540 MHz (3.16–3.7 GHz), and 850 MHz (5.05–5.9 GHz), respectively, which can cover the WLAN 2.4/5.8 GHz bands, the WiMAX 2.5/3.5 GHz bands, and the RFID 2.45/5.8 GHz bands.
Using the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution
Authors: Gillings Michael R , Gaze William H , Pruden Amy , Smalla Kornelia , Tiedje James M , Zhu Yong-Guan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Around all human activity, there are zones of pollution with pesticides, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and the microorganisms associated with human waste streams and agriculture. This diversity of pollutants, whose concentration varies spatially and temporally, is a major challenge for monitoring. Here, we suggest that the relative abundance of the clinical class 1 integron-integrase gene, intI1, is a good proxy for pollution because: (1) intI1 is linked to genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, disinfectants and heavy metals; (2) it is found in a wide variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria; (3) its abundance can change rapidly because its host cells can have rapid generation times and it can move between bacteria by horizontal gene transfer; and (4) a single DNA sequence variant of intI1 is now found on a wide diversity of xenogenetic elements, these being complex mosaic DNA elements fixed through the agency of human selection. Here we review the literature examining the relationship between anthropogenic impacts and the abundance of intI1, and outline an approach by which intI1 could serve as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution.
Adult blood-feeding tsetse flies, trypanosomes, microbiota and the fluctuating environment in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Geiger Anne , Ponton Fleur , Simo Gustave 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The tsetse fly vector transmits the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis, one of the most neglected tropical diseases. Despite a recent decline in new cases, it is still crucial to develop alternative strategies to combat this disease. Here, we review the literature on the factors that influence trypanosome transmission from the fly vector to its vertebrate host (particularly humans). These factors include climate change effects to pathogen and vector development (in particular climate warming), as well as the distribution of host reservoirs. Finally, we present reports on the relationships between insect vector nutrition, immune function, microbiota and infection, to demonstrate how continuing research on the evolving ecology of these complex systems will help improve control strategies. In the future, such studies will be of increasing importance to understand how vector-borne diseases are spread in a changing world.
Clusterin facilitates stress-induced lipidation of LC3 and autophagosome biogenesis to enhance cancer cell survival
Authors: Zhang Fan , Kumano Masafumi , Beraldi Eliana , Fazli Ladan , Du Caigan , Moore Susan , Sorensen Poul , Zoubeidi Amina , Gleave Martin E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe define stress-induced adaptive survival pathways linking autophagy with the molecular chaperone clusterin (CLU) that function to promote anticancer treatment resistance. During treatment stress, CLU co-localizes with LC3 via an LIR-binding sequence within autophagosome membranes, functioning to facilitate LC3–Atg3 heterocomplex stability and LC3 lipidation, and thereby enhance autophagosome biogenesis and autophagy activation. Stress-induced autophagy is attenuated with CLU silencing in CLU−/− mice and human prostate cancer cells. CLU-enhanced cell survival occurs via autophagy-dependent pathways, and is reduced following autophagy inhibition. Combining CLU inhibition with anticancer treatments attenuates autophagy activation, increases apoptosis and reduces prostate cancer growth. This study defines a novel adaptor protein function for CLU under stress conditions, and highlights how co-targeting CLU and autophagy can amplify proteotoxic stress to delay cancer progression.
A Low-Noise Solid-State Nanopore Platform Based on a Highly Insulating Substrate
Authors: Lee Min-Hyun , Kumar Ashvani , Park Kyeong-Beom , Cho Seong-Yong , Kim Hyun-Mi , Lim Min-Cheol , Kim Young-Rok , Kim Ki-Bum 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA solid-state nanopore platform with a low noise level and sufficient sensitivity to discriminate single-strand DNA (ssDNA) homopolymers of poly-A40 and poly-T40 using ionic current blockade sensing is proposed and demonstrated. The key features of this platform are (a) highly insulating dielectric substrates that are used to mitigate the effect of parasitic capacitance elements, which decrease the ionic current RMS noise level to sub-10 pA and (b) ultra-thin silicon nitride membranes with a physical thickness of 5 nm (an effective thickness of 2.4 nm estimated from the ionic current) are used to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and the spatial depth resolution. The utilization of an ultra-thin membrane and a nanopore diameter as small as 1.5 nm allow the successful discrimination of 40 nucleotide ssDNA poly-A40 and poly-T40. Overall, we demonstrate that this platform overcomes several critical limitations of solid-state nanopores and opens the door to a wide range of applications in single-molecule-based detection and analysis.
Real time emotion detection within a wireless sensor network and its impact on power consumption
Authors: Matiko Joseph W. , Beeby Stephen P. , Tudor John 
Published: December 2014

Recent advances in portable and wearable electroencephalograph (EEG) devices has raised the need to detect emotions in real time for applications such as wellbeing monitoring, gaming and social networking. A number of researchers have reported real time emotion detection systems implemented on a computer. This study advances these efforts by implementing a real time emotion detection system on a wirelesses sensor node with minimal hardware resources (256 kb of flash memory and 16 MHz processing speed) suitable for integration in a wearable wireless sensor node. The experimental results demonstrate that detecting emotions within the sensor node using suitable algorithms prolong the battery life by 5 days (38%) and by 39 days at an emotion detection rate of 2 and 60 s, respectively, as compared with transmitting the raw EEG data wirelessly. This also reduces the length of packets transmitted which directly minimises the packet error rate and the power that would be consumed because of retransmission of these erroneous packets.
Theoretical perspectives on crimes against tourists.
Authors: Burton C. E. , Crotts J. C. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the relevant criminology theories in an effort to better understand what motivates individuals to commit crimes against tourists, and what communities can do to deter such a risk. These theories include: rational choice theory; deterrence theory; routine activities theory; hot-spot theory; social disorganization theory; anomie/strain theory; subcultural theories; and symbolic interaction theories. By identifying these theories, the chapter provides a more informed theory-based framework for tourism researchers to assess potential crime against tourists, and how such a risk and damage to a destination's reputation can be minimized.
The influence of organizational culture on crisis planning: an application of the Competing Values Framework (CVF) in Chinese hotels.
Authors: Wang J. , Ritchie B. W. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

This chapter investigates the relationships among organizational factors (organization culture), crisis planning behaviour and perceived crisis preparedness in Chinese hotels. The chapter notes that organizational culture has an influence on the individual's attitudes towards crisis planning. In turn, crisis planning affects the perceived level of crisis preparation. Clearly, organizational culture plays a key role at the crisis reduction stage, and organizational leaders must be able to communicate and emphasize this with their internal stakeholders.
Integrating tourism into disaster recovery management: the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 2011.
Authors: Muskat B. , Nakanishi H. , Blackman D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Using a case study of the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011, this chapter examines the impact that tourism makes in the life cycle of disaster recovery, and then recommends an integrated life cycle model of disaster recovery. Based on interviews with 20 individuals including hotel managers, tourism operators, community members, volunteers and government representatives in one of the most devastated areas, the Ishinomaki region, the role of tourism is analysed in four different phases: pre-disaster, disaster (emergency), short-term (temporary) response, and recovery. Findings reveal that the hospitality sector contributed significantly to the effective management of the emergency phase. The chapter also notes that the arrival of dark tourism has played a crucial role in empowering and stimulating the community in the post-disaster and short-term response phases. More importantly, the chapter suggests that tourism needs to be much better integrated into the broader disaster management process.
From tsunami to recovery: the resilience of the Sri Lankan tourism industry.
Authors: Buultjens J. , Ratnayake I. , Gnanapala A. C. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

This chapter examines the impact the 2004 tsunami had on the tourism industry in Sri Lanka, the response by government and other organizations, and the level of adaptation and resilience that resulted from the response. The chapter suggests that the government must coordinate with the tourism industry in order to expedite the crisis recovery process. Although the central government and its tourism ministry and departments were heavily involved in the tsunami response, regional and local tourism organizations were much less active, either because most were affected by the tsunami or because of ineffective coordination with central government institutions. Therefore the tourism industry may have become less resilient in the long term.
Analysing the impact of the 2011 natural disasters on the Central Queensland tourism industry.
Authors: Richardson S. , March R. , Lewis J. , Radel K. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

By analysing the impact of the 2011 natural disasters on the Central Queensland tourism industry, this chapter identifies that organization size, management attitude and media influence the crisis recovery stage. While the impact of the widespread flooding and Cyclone Yasi on the Central Queensland region was quite short, there was a long-term impact to the tourism industry in the region. The media reported extensively on the event, leading to tourists' perception that all tourism in Queensland was suspended. In reality, however, many tourism operators were only indirectly affected and were still operating. Therefore, some operators had a long recovery stage and had not returned to 'business-as-usual' six months after Cyclone Yasi and the Queensland floods.
andi: Fast and accurate estimation of evolutionary distances between closely related genomes
Authors: Haubold Bernhard , Klötzl Fabian , Pfaffelhuber Peter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Motivation: A standard approach to classifying sets of genomes is to calculate their pairwise distances. This is difficult for large samples. We have therefore developed an algorithm for rapidly computing the evolutionary distances between closely related genomes.
Results: Our distance measure is based on ungapped local alignments that we anchor through pairs of maximal unique matches of a minimum length. These exact matches can be looked up efficiently using enhanced suffix arrays and our implementation requires approximately only 1 s and 45 MB RAM/Mbase analysed. The pairing of matches distinguishes non-homologous from homologous regions leading to accurate distance estimation. We show this by analysing simulated data and genome samples ranging from 29 Escherichia coli/Shigella genomes to 3085 genomes of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Availability and implementation: We have implemented the computation of anchor distances in the multithreaded UNIX command-line program andi for ANchor DIstances. C sources and documentation are posted at http://github.com/evolbioinf/andi/
Contact: haubold@evolbio.mpg.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GSDS 2.0: an upgraded gene feature visualization server
Authors: Hu Bo , Jin Jinpu , Guo An-Yuan , Zhang He , Luo Jingchu , Gao Ge 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Summary: Visualizing genes’ structure and annotated features helps biologists to investigate their function and evolution intuitively. The Gene Structure Display Server (GSDS) has been widely used by more than 60 000 users since its first publication in 2007. Here, we reported the upgraded GSDS 2.0 with a newly designed interface, supports for more types of annotation features and formats, as well as an integrated visual editor for editing the generated figure. Moreover, a user-specified phylogenetic tree can be added to facilitate further evolutionary analysis. The full source code is also available for downloading.
Availability and implementation: Web server and source code are freely available at http://gsds.cbi.pku.edu.cn.
Contact: gaog@mail.cbi.pku.edu.cn or gsds@mail.cbi.pku.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
repDNA: a Python package to generate various modes of feature vectors for DNA sequences by incorporating user-defined physicochemical properties and sequence-order effects
Authors: Liu Bin , Liu Fule , Fang Longyun , Wang Xiaolong , Chou Kuo-Chen 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Summary: In order to develop powerful computational predictors for identifying the biological features or attributes of DNAs, one of the most challenging problems is to find a suitable approach to effectively represent the DNA sequences. To facilitate the studies of DNAs and nucleotides, we developed a Python package called representations of DNAs (repDNA) for generating the widely used features reflecting the physicochemical properties and sequence-order effects of DNAs and nucleotides. There are three feature groups composed of 15 features. The first group calculates three nucleic acid composition features describing the local sequence information by means of kmers; the second group calculates six autocorrelation features describing the level of correlation between two oligonucleotides along a DNA sequence in terms of their specific physicochemical properties; the third group calculates six pseudo nucleotide composition features, which can be used to represent a DNA sequence with a discrete model or vector yet still keep considerable sequence-order information via the physicochemical properties of its constituent oligonucleotides. In addition, these features can be easily calculated based on both the built-in and user-defined properties via using repDNA.
Availability and implementation: The repDNA Python package is freely accessible to the public at http://bioinformatics.hitsz.edu.cn/repDNA/.
Contact: bliu@insun.hit.edu.cn or kcchou@gordonlifescience.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An evaluation of supervised and unsupervised classification techniques for marine benthic habitat mapping using multibeam echosounder data
Authors: Calvert Jay , Strong James Asa , Service Matthew , McGonigle Chris , Quinn Rory 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Marine habitat mapping provides information on seabed substrata and faunal community structure to users including research scientists, conservation organizations, and policy makers. Full-coverage acoustic data are frequently used for habitat mapping in combination with video ground-truth data in either a supervised or unsupervised classification. In this investigation, video ground-truth data with a camera footprint of 1 m2 were classified to level 4 of the European Nature Information System habitat classification scheme. Acoustic data with a horizontal resolution of 1 m2 were collected over an area of 130 km2 using a multibeam echosounder, and processed to provide bathymetry and backscatter data. Bathymetric derivatives including eastness, northness, slope, topographic roughness index, vector rugosity measure, and two measures of curvature were created. A feature selection process based on Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc pairwise testing was used to select environmental variables able to discriminate ground-truth classes. Subsequently, three datasets were formed: backscatter alone (BS), backscatter combined with bathymetry and derivatives (BSDER), and bathymetry and derivatives alone (DER). Two classifications were performed on each of the datasets to produce habitat maps: maximum likelihood supervised classification (MLC) and ISO Cluster unsupervised classification. Accuracy of the supervised habitat maps was assessed using total agreement, quantity disagreement, and allocation disagreement. Agreement in the unsupervised maps was assessed using the Cramer's V coefficient. Choice of input data produced large differences in the accuracy of the supervised maps, but did not have the same effect on the unsupervised maps. Accuracies were 46, 56, and 49% when calculated using the sample and 52, 65, and 51% when using an unbiased estimate of the population for the BS, BSDER, and DER maps, respectively. Cramer's V was 0.371, 0.417, and 0.366 for the BS, BSDER, and DER maps, respectively.