bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoisomerie bei 5-Benzylidentetramsäuren / Stereoisomerism of 5-Benzylidenetetramic Acids
Authors: Stachel Hans-Dietrich , Poschenrieder Hermann 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
N-Substituted (Z)-5-benzylidenetetramic acids undergo isomerisation to E/Z mixtures on treatment with acids or methylate.
Zur Chemie des Ingenols, I Ingenol und einige seiner Derivate/ On the Chemistry of Ingenol, I Ingenol and Some of its Derivatives
Authors: Opferkuch H. J. , Adolf W. , Sorg B. , Kusumoto S. , Hecker E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The tetracyclic polyfunctional diterpene ingenol (1) is the prototype of many diterpenoid parent alcohols of the ingenane type. Esters of these parent alcohols occur -partly together with esters of polyfunctional diterpene parent alcohols of the tigliane and daphnane type -as irritant, cocarcinogenic and antineoplastic principles in species of the family Euphorbiaceae (Spurge). Preparation of 1 from latex of Euphorbia ingens E.May as well as of some functional derivatives of 1 are described.
Kohlensäureesterphosphide - Synthese und Reaktionsverhalten/ Carbonic Ester Phosphides - Synthesis and Chemical Behaviour
Authors: Thamm Rüdiger , Fluck Ekkehard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Primary phosphanes, RPH2, react with carbonic ester chlorides, ClCOOR′, in the presence of K2C03 to yield the title compounds RPHCOOR′ and RP(COOR′)2 . The NMR data of the novel compounds are presented and discussed. Other physical and some chemical properties are described.
Conformations of Chlorophylls a and a′ and their Magnesium-Free Derivatives as Revealed by Circular Dichroism and Proton Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Hynninen Paavo H. , Sievers Gunnel 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The electronic absorption (UV/VIS), circular dichroism (CD) and proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra have been recorded for C-10 epimeric chlorophylls a and a′, pheophytins a and a′ as well as pheophorbides a and a′. Although the epimers in each pair showed virtually identical UV/VIS spectra, their CD spectra were profoundly different and exhibited opposite signs at most wavelengths in the UV region. The differences were interpreted as arising, in part, from different C-10 configurations, and, in part, from conformational alterations induced by the steric strain in the crowded periphery of the macrocycle. The conformational alterations were also clearly indicated by the 1H NMR Δδ-values observed for the α,β and δ methine protons, the C-10 protons and most methyl group protons of the epimers in each pair. This was considered to imply changes in the geometry of the whole macrocycle. The Δδ-values were larger for the Mg-free epimers than for the chlorophyll epimers, which shows that the central Mg-atom makes the macrocycle more rigid. Correlations between the signs of the CD bands and configurations are discussed.
Kernresonanz-Untersuchunghen von 1.2.3-Selenadiazolen/ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1,2,3-Selenadiazoles
Authors: Meier Herbert , Zountsas Johannes , Zimmer Oswald 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopical study is performed on the basis of 37 1,2,3-selena-diazoles. Besides the discussion of chemical shifts and coupling constants of 1H and 13C, selenium satellites were measured providing 1H77 Se and 13C77 Se coupling constants.
Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Cyclotri(silaselan) (H2Si-Se)3 / Preparation and Characterisation of Cyclotri(silaselane) (H2Si-Se)3
Authors: Haas Alois , Hitze Reiner 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In benzene HgSe reacts with H2SiI2 at 120 °C to yield a polymer, which on heating in benzene depolimerizes to form (H2SiSe)3. 1H, 29Si, 77Se, NMR, IR and MS data are presented.
Über die Struktur des Tris-[norbornyl-2] methanols / On the Structure of Tris-[norbornyl-2]methanol
Authors: Roth Klaus 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Tris[norbornyl-2]methanol The structure of the reaction product of the hydroboration oxidation of norbornene is determined by use of carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. The conformers distribution of the resulting 1:3 mixture of the two stereoisomere 4 and 5 is analysed by addition of the paramagnetic shift reagent Eu(fod)3.
Alkaloide aus Catharanthus roseus-Zellkulturen, II [1] / Alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus Tissue Cultures, II [1]
Authors: Kohl Werner , Witte Barbara , Höfle Gerhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From the extract of Catharanthus roseus tissue cultures 16 different indole alkaloids have been isolated belonging to heteroyohimbane, aspidosperma and iboga types. The structures were deduced by UV, NMR and mass spectrometry.
Ajmalicine (1) and catharanthine (16) were found to be the major constituents, tetra-hydroalstonine (2), akuammigine (3), 3-isoajmalicine (4), pleiocarpamine (6), akuammiline (6), tabersonine (7), 20-hydroxytabersonine (8), lochnericine (9), horhammericine (10), minovincinine (11), vindolinine (12), 20-epivindolinine (13), vindolinine -Nb-oxide (14) and 20-epivindolinine-Nb-oxide (15) could be determined as minor or trace alkaloids.
Umsetzungen von N-Brom-N-Natriumcarbamidaten mit Organometallverbindungen. Synthesen von N-Brom-N-Metallverbindungen des Zinns und Bleis / Reactions of N-Bromo-N-sodiocarbamidates with Metalorganic Compounds. Syntheses of N-Bromo-N-metallo Compounds of Tin and Lead
Authors: Wagner Eleonore , Münch Volker , Jander Jochen , Latscha Hans Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
N-Bromo-N-sodiocarbamidate, Trimethylbromostannane, Triphenylchloroplumbane N-bromo-N-sodiocarbamidate can be prep-ared by the reaction of N-bromo-carbamidate with sodium hydride. The salt, a white crys-talline compound, decomposes above 140 °C. It reacts with (CH3)3SnBr and (C6H5)3PbCl to give the new N-halogeno-N-metallo compounds C2H5OC(o)NBr-Sn(CH3)3 (dec. 104 °C) and C2H5OC(O)NBr-Pb(C6H5)3 (dec. 126 °C).
ABX-Verbindungen mit modifizierter Ni2In-Struktur / ABX-Compounds with a Modified Ni2In Structure
Authors: Tomuschat Christa , Schuster Hans-Uwe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ten new compounds were synthesized. They crystallize with a Ni2In-type structure (space group P 63/mmc-D4
6h). Their magnetic behaviour was investigated in the temperature range from 80 to 290 K.
Molekül- und Kristallstruktur von 1.1-Dimethylsilylentitanocendichlorid, (CH3)2Si(C5H4)2TiCl2 / Molecular and Crystal Structure of l,r-Dimethylsilylene Titanocene Dichloride, (CH3)2Si(C5H4)2TiCl2
Authors: Köpf Hartmut , Pickardt Joachim 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The molecular structure of the bridged [1]-titanocenophane 1,1'-dimethylsilylene titanocene dichloride, (CH3)2Si(C5H4)2TiCl2, has been investigated by an X-ray structure determination. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group C2/c, Z = 4, a = 1332.9(3), 6 = 988.7(3), c = 1068.9(3) pm, β = 113.43(2)°. The results are compared with the structural dimensions of similar compounds: 1,1'-methylene titanocene dichloride, CH2(C5H4)TiCl2, with the unbridged titanocene dichloride, (C5H5)2TiCl2 and the ethylene-bridged compound (CH2)2(C5H4)2TiCl2
Organoarsan-stabilisierte und -substituierte Chlorostannylene und -germylene / Chlorostannylenes and Chlorogermylenes Stabilised and Substituted by Organoarsanes
Authors: du Mont Wolf-Walther , Rudolph Gero 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Arsinogermylenes, Arsinostannylenes Tin dichloride and the germanium dichloride dioxane complexes react with tri-£er£-butyl-+ — arsane to give ylide-type 1:1 complexes <-Bu3As-MCl2 (M = Sn, Ge). With di-ter£-butyl-(trimethylsilyl)arsane substitution reactions lead to the formation of chlorotrimethylsilane and the arsino-substituted chlorostannylenes and -germylenes £-Bu2As-MCl. Physical properties of these compounds indicate the presence of associated structures with bridging arsino groups and terminal M-Cl functions.
Radical-Induced Dephosphorylation of Fructose Phosphates in Aqueous Solution+
Authors: Zegota Henryk , von Sonntag Clemens 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Oxygen free N2O-saturated aqueous solutions of D-fructose-1-phosphate and D-fructose-6-phosphate were y-irradiated. Inorganic phosphate and phosphate free sugars (containing four to six carbon atoms) were identified and their G-values measured. D-Fructose-1-phosphate yields (G-values in parentheses) inorganic phosphate (1.6), hexos-2-ulose (0.12), 6-deoxy-2,5-hexodiulose (0.16), tetrulose (0.05) and 3-deoxytetrulose (0.15). D-Fructose-6-phosphate yields inorganic phosphate (1.7), hexos-5-ulose (0.1), 6-deoxy-2,5-hexodiulose (0.36), 3-deoxy-2,5-hexodiulose and 2-deoxyhexos-5-ulose (together 0.18). On treatment with alkaline phosphatase further deoxy sugars were re-cognized and in fructose-1-phosphate G(6-deoxy-2,5-hexodiulose) was increased to a G-value of 0.4. Dephosphorylation is considered to occur mainly after OH attack at C-5 and C-l in fructose-1-phosphate and at C-5 and C-6 in fructose-6-phosphate. Reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Über die Entstehung von Zuckern und zuckerähnlichen Substanzen aus in Zeolithen absorbiertem Formaldehyd durch UV-Bestrahlung / Synthesis of Sugars and Sugar-Like Products by UV Irradiation of Formaldehyde Absorbed on Zeolites
Authors: Seel Fritz , Schaum Willi , Simon Georg 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The formation of sugars and sugar-like substances by UV irradiation of formaldehyde adsorbed on zeolites of type A and X has been demonstrated. The conversion inside or outside the matrix and product distribution depend on the type of zeolite.
Phasenbeziehungen im System Se-SeCl4 und die Kristallstruktur einer metastabilen Modifikation von SeCl4 / Phase Relations in the System Se-SeCl4 and the Crystal Structure of a Metastable Modification of SeCl4
Authors: Born Peter , Kniep Rüdiger , Mootz Dietrich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The system Se-SeCl4 contains the intermediate phase SeCl which melts incongruently at −48 °C. The tetrachloride is dimorphous with a stable α-and a metastable ß-modification. The crystal structure of ß-SeCl4 was determined and shown to be an isotype of TeCl4 with tetrameric cubane-like molecules Se4Cl16.
Trimethylsiyl-tetrafluorotellurate(VI) / Trimethylsilyl Tetrafluorotellurates(VI)
Authors: Bildstein Benno , Tötsch Walter , Sladky Fritz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The interaction of MesSiCl with eis-and trans-(HO)2TeF 4 and eis-and £ran.s-HOTeF 4 OCH 3 yields eis-and trans-(Me3SiO)2TeF 4 and eis-and <rans-Me3SiOTeF 4 OCH3, respectively, which have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy (125 Te, 29 Si, 19 F, X H). Die Trimethylsilylgruppe ist eine häufig verwen-dete Abgangsgruppe in Reaktionen mit Fluoriden:
Phosphor-Ylid-Komplexe des Platins / Phosphorus Ylide Complexes of Platinum
Authors: Scherer Otto J. , Jungmann Heribert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The interaction of cis/trans-[Pt(PPh3)2(CH2Cl)Cl] (1) with Ph3P gives the ylide complex
cis-[Pt(PPh3)2(CH2PPh3)Cl]Cl (2), which forms cis-[Pt(PPh3)(CH2PPh3)Cl2] (3) on heating in benzene. In CH2Cl2, Ph3P is added again quantitatively with formation of 2. Irradiation of 3 with a 500 W lamp yields cis-Cl2Pt(PPh 3)2 . The ylide complexes 4 and 5 were prepared by treatment of 3 with (Me2N)3P or Ph3As. 3 and Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2 form the chelate ylide complex 6.
Zur Koordination von Thiocyanat in ternären Metallkomplexen: CdZn(NCS)4 und die Kristallstruktur von BaZn(NCS)4 · 7H2O / On the Coordination of Thiocyanate in Ternary Metal Complexes: CdZn(NCS)4 and the Crystal Structure of BaZn(NCS)4 · 7H2O
Authors: Brodersen Klaus , Hummel Hans-Ulrich , Böhm Karl , Procher Heribert 
Published: February 2015

CdZn(NCS)4 (1): studied by means of Precession and Guinier technique. The compound seems to be isomorphous to CdHg(SCN)4 but with exchanged metal positions consisting of tetrahedral Cd(SCN)4 and Zn(NCS)4 groups. (Mr = 410.1, space group I 4̄, Z = 2, a = 1110.89(2) pm, c = 444.36(2) pm, V = 548.37 · 106 pm3, dc = 2.48 g · cm-3.)
BaZn(NCS)4-7H2O (2): prepared by reaction of Ba(NCS)2-3H2O with Zn(NCS)2 in H2O . The crystal structure was solved with X-ray methods. (Mr= 561.14, space group I 4̄, Z = 8, a = 1894.7(6) pm, c = 1032.4(3) pm, V = 3706.2 · 106 pm3, λ(AgKa) = 55.83 pm, dc = 2.00 g · cm-3, μ(AgKa) = 18.89 cm-1 , F(000) = 2143.8, T = 298 K, final R = 0.0548 for 1475 independent reflections.)
The structure consists of two crystallographic independent Zn(NCS)4 tetrahedra, while the Ba2+ cations are surrounded by 9 oxygen atoms of water molecules and 1 sulfur atom of thiocyanate. The crystal water forms one-dimensional chains, consisting of alternant four- and fivemembered rings.
The community structure of macroscopic basidiomycetes (Fungi) in Brazilian mangroves influenced by temporal and spatial variations
Authors: Santos Nogueira-Melo Georgea , Parreira Santos Paulo Jorge , Baptista Gibertoni Tatiana 
Published: February 2015

<p>Mangroves are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and marine environments, and are distinguished by a high abundance of animals, plants, and fungi. Although macrofungi occur in different types of habitat, including mangroves, little is known about their community structure and dynamic. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of macrofungi in a number of Brazilian mangroves, and the relationship between such diversity, precipitation and area of collection. A total of 32 field trips were undertaken from 2009 to 2010, and macrofungi were studied in four 250×40m transects: Timbó and Santa Cruz Channel on the Northern coast, and Maracaípe and Ariquindá on the Southern coast. All basidiomata found along the transects were placed in paper bags, air-dried and identified using existing literature. It was found that Northern areas predominantly featured <em>Avicennia schaueriana</em> mangroves, while <em>Rhizophora mangle</em> dominated in Southern transects. A total of 275 specimens were collected, and 33 species, 28 genera, 14 families and six orders were represented. Overall abundance and species richness did not vary significantly among areas, but varied according to time, being higher during the rainy season. Subtle differences in composition were observed over time and between areas, probably due to variations in plant species occurrence. Further studies with collections during months of greater precipitation in transects dominated by different mangrove species of the same ecosystem are suggested to assess the overall diversity of mycobiota in these ecosystems.</p><p> </p>
Morphological and physiological responses of seagrasses (Alismatales) to grazers (Testudines: Cheloniidae) and the role of these responses as grazing patch abandonment cues
Authors: Lacey Elizabeth A. , Collado-Vides Ligia , Fourqurean James W. 
Published: February 2015

<p>Green sea turtles, <em>Chelonia mydas</em>, are grazers influencing the distribution of seagrass within shallow coastal ecosystems, yet the drivers behind <em>C. mydas</em> patch use within seagrass beds are largely unknown. Current theories center on food quality (nutrient content) as the plant responds to grazing disturbances; however, no study has monitored these parameters in a natural setting without grazer manipulation. To determine the morphological and physiological responses potentially influencing seagrass recovery from grazing disturbances, seagrasses were monitored for one year under three different grazing scenarios (turtle grazed, fish grazed and ungrazed) in a tropical ecosystem in Akumal Bay, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Significantly less soluble carbohydrates and increased nitrogen and phosphorus content in <em>Thalassia testudinum</em> were indicative of the stresses placed on seagrasses during herbivory. To determine if these physiological responses were the drivers of the heterogeneous grazing behavior by <em>C. mydas </em>recorded in Akumal Bay, patches were mapped and monitored over a six-month interval. The abandoned patches had the lowest standing crop rather than leaf nutrient or rhizome soluble carbohydrate content. This suggests a modified Giving Up Density (GUD) behavior: the critical threshold where cost of continued grazing does not provide minimum nutrients, therefore, new patches must be utilized, explains resource abandonment and mechanism behind <em>C. mydas </em>grazing. This study is the first to apply GUD theory, often applied in terrestrial literature, to explain marine herbivore grazing behavior.</p>ncing. About 737 (527 unigenes) clones from the forward library and 757 (483 unigenes) clones from the reversed library were informative. Sequence BlastX analysis showed that there were more transporters and adenosylhomocysteinase-like proteins in <em>E. crassipes</em> cultured in nitrogen deficient medium; while, those cultured in nitrogen replete medium had more proteins such as UBR4-like e3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 8-like, as well as more cytoskeletal proteins, including actin and tubulin. Cluster of Orthologous Group (COG) analysis also demonstrated that in the forward library, the most ESTs were involved in coenzyme transportation and metabolism. In the reversed library, cytoskeletal ESTs were the most abundant. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis categories demonstrated that unigenes involved in binding, cellular process and electron carrier were the most differentially expressed unigenes between the forward and reversed libraries. All these results suggest that <em>E. crassipes</em>can respond to different nitrogen status by efficiently regulating and controlling some transporter gene expressions, certain metabolism processes, specific signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal construction. <p> </p>
Dinámica espacio-temporal del esfuerzo en una pesquería de buceo artesanal multiespecífica y sus efectos en la variabilidad de las capturas: Implicaciones para el manejo sostenible
Authors: Naranjo Madrigal Helven , Salas Márquez Silvia 
Published: February 2015

Artisanal diving fisheries are a source of income, employment and food security of coastal areas in many countries. Understanding the dynamics of these fisheries, including the spatial and temporal dynamics of fishing effort, gears and species can help to address the challenges involved in fisheries management. We aimed to analyze the differences in fishing strategies undertaken by fishers that use two different diving methods (hookah and free diving), and the conditions and their potential impacts on catches when adjustments to those strategies are applied over time. For this, detailed information of fishing operations from artisanal boats in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica was analyzed in two fishing seasons (2007-2008 and 2011-2012). Data were collected by onboard observers (fishing site, fishing time, species composition, depth and visibility). Additionally, interviews with divers were applied to obtain information of price per species, species volume and fishing operations. From the total number of trips during both seasons, hookah diving was represented by a sample size of 70.5%, while free diving, with a sample of 69.5%. More than 15 species were identified in each fishing season. Nevertheless, three categories had substantial contributions in both seasons with differences in the proportions for each case: green lobster (<em>Panulirus gracilis</em>), octopus (<em>Octopus</em> sp.) and parrotfish (<em>Scarus perrico</em> and <em>S. ghobban</em>). It is worth noting that an important proportion of catch was retained by fishers for personal consumption purposes, including species of high commercial value. Additional night diving activity, increased the number of dives from one season to another. Besides, cooperation processes in free diving fishing operations, and changes in fishing effort between seasons, defined important changes in fishing strategies. Potential causes of changes in fishing strategies and the implications for management to ensure the sustainability of these fisheries in the long term are discussed.
Employment as a Social Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies Exploring the Relationship Between Employment Status and Physical Health
Authors: Hergenrather Kenneth C. , Zeglin Robert J. , McGuire-Kuletz Maureen , Rhodes Scott D. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between employment status and physical health.Method:The authors explored the causal relationship between employment status and physical health through conducting a systematic review of 22 longitudinal studies conducted in Finland, France, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States.Results:Five common trajectories were identified as employment, unemployment, job loss, reemployment, and retired. Unemployment and job loss were associated with poorer physical health. Employment and reemployment were associated with better physical health.Conclusion:To enhance employment outcomes, it is important for service providers to acknowledge the interaction between the client’s physical health and employment status, and assess client physical functioning. Additional research is necessary to further elucidate this interaction.
Core Self-Evaluations as a Mediator Between Functional Disability and Life Satisfaction in College Students With Disabilities Majoring in Science and Technology
Authors: Smedema Susan Miller , Pfaller Joseph S. , Yaghmaian Rana A. , Weaver Hayley , da Silva Cardoso Elizabeth , Chan Fong 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: To examine the mediational effect of core self-evaluations (CSE) on the relationship between functional disability and life satisfaction.Methods: A quantitative descriptive design using multiple regression analysis. The participants were 97 college students with disabilities receiving services through Hunter College’s Minority-Disability Alliance (MIND Alliance) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.Results: CSE was a partial mediator between functional disability and life satisfaction. After controlling for CSE, functional disability was no longer a significant predictor of life satisfaction.Conclusions: CSE partially mediated the impact of functional disability on life satisfaction. Future research should explore the development of interventions to increase CSE to reduce the effect of disability and to improve life satisfaction and employment outcomes for individuals with disabilities.