bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ polymerizations of thiophene on TiO2 films using the semiconductors as initiators
Authors: Wei Zongzhao , Zou Cheng , Ni Xiuyuan 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, we prepare the TiO2 nanoparticle film and anatase TiO2 nanoarray film, and we achieve the polymerizations of thiophene using the photoexcited TiO2 film as the initiators. It is measured that the in situ polymerizations of thiophene take place on the surfaces of the two films. The growth of polythiophene (PTh) on the TiO2 nanoarray is monitored using Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy. The TiO2 nanoarray is found to strongly interact with the PTh polymers. It is observed using scanning electron microscope that the microspores in the nanoarray are filled by the polymers after the reaction of 3 h, and the nanoarray is fully covered by the polymer layer when the polymerization lasts for 5 h. The PTh–TiO2 nanoarray composite films are measured for the transient photocurrents and photocurrent‐voltage characteristics. The dependence of the photocurrents on the reaction time is revealed and discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40187.
Clinical impact of paravalvular leaks on biomarkers and survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Schewel Dimitry , Frerker Christian , Schewel Jury , Wohlmuth Peter , Meincke Felix , Thielsen Thomas , Kreidel Felix , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Schäfer Ulrich 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThere is accumulating evidence that up to 20% of the implanted devices after TAVI are associated with a significant degree of paravalvular leaks, which appear to be associated with a negative clinical outcome.MethodsA total of 355 patients with severe aortic valvular stenosis (AVS) were treated by TAVI (Corevalve n = 222, Edwards Sapien n = 133). Survival, NT‐proBNP and the grade of PVL were quantified up to 12 months after implantation.ResultsTechnical success rate was 97.8%. Thirty‐day mortality was 9.6%. Post‐procedural transvalvular aortic regurgitation was seen only in a minority of cases (5%), whereas PVL were frequently observed (grade: <1+ in 58.2%, ≥1–<2 in 33.9%, and ≥2 in 7.9%). There was a clear relation‐ship between PVL and adverse outcome (P < 0.001). After a transient increase, NT‐proBNP showed a significant decline. Interestingly, a PVL ≥2+ was associated with a much higher rise in NT‐proBNP compared to the other groups (P < 0.01), and a post‐procedural increase in NT‐proBNP by more than 1640 ng L−1 within 5 days was associated with a significant increase in rate of death (P < 0.01).ConclusionsTAVI is an efficient treatment option for high‐risk patients with severe AVS. The incidence of PVL is an inacceptable clinical problem. Serial measurement of NT‐proBNP can be used for risk‐stratification in patients with a significant PVL. In general, PVL graded ≥2+ is associated with a dramatically increased 6‐month mortality. Therefore, any action to reduce paraprosthetical regurgitation is highly recommended. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Z Selectivity: Recent Advances in one of the Current Major Challenges of Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Shahane Saurabh , Bruneau Christian , Fischmeister Cédric 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe stereoselective formation of carbon–carbon double bonds is a longstanding topic in organic chemistry. Since the early 90s, catalytic olefin metathesis has emerged as a synthetic tool of choice for the creation of carbon–carbon double bonds, and its use is now widespread. However, except for the synthesis of small cycles, the reversible character of olefin metathesis usually results in the formation of the thermodynamic E product, and more generally in mixtures of E and Z products. This issue has been addressed in different ways; these are reviewed herein. Synthetic protocols, which aim at the selective synthesis of Z olefins, for example, sequential alkyne metathesis/cis‐hydrogenation, and the use of removable silyl groups, are summarized. Tailor‐made molybdenum, tungsten and ruthenium catalysts, which allow for very high stereoselectivity, are also reviewed. The advances achieved with these methods and catalysts are illustrated by the synthesis of various natural products or their precursors.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Application to the Allylic Imidate Rearrangement of Amine‐Coordinated Palladacycle Catalysts of Cobalt Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Cassar Doyle J. , Ilyashenko Gennadiy , Ismail Muhammad , Woods James , Hughes David L. , Richards Christopher J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reaction of (η5‐(N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopentadien‐yl)(η4‐tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt with sodium tetrachloropalladate and (R)‐N‐acetylphenylalanine gave planar chiral palladacycle di‐μ‐chloridebis[(η5‐(Sp)‐2‐(N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopentadienyl,1‐C,3′‐N)(η4‐tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt]dipalladium [(Sp)‐Me2‐CAP‐Cl] in 92 % ee and 64 % yield. Enantiopurity (>98 % ee) was achieved by purification of the monomeric (R)‐proline adducts and conversion back to the chloride dimer. Treatment with AgOAc gave (Sp)‐Me2‐CAP‐OAc which was applied to asymmetric transcyclopalladation (up to 78 % ee). The (R)‐N‐acetylphenylalanine mediated palladation methodology was applicable also to the corresponding N,N‐diethyl (82 % ee, 39 % yield) and pyrrolidinyl (>98 % ee, 43 % yield) cobalt sandwich complexes. A combination of 5 mol % of the latter [(Sp)‐Pyrr‐CAP‐Cl] and AgNO3 (3.8 equiv) is a catalyst for the allylic imidate rearrangement of an (E)‐N‐aryltrifluoroacetimidate (up to 83 % ee), and this catalyst system is also applicable to the rearrangement of a range of (E)‐trichloroacetimidates (up to 99 % ee). This asymmetric efficiency combined with the simplicity of catalyst synthesis provides accessible solutions to the generation of non‐racemic allylic amine derivatives.
Homoleptic Tetrakis(silyl) Complexes of Pd0 and Pt0 Featuring Metal‐Centred Heterocubane Structures: Evidence for the Existence of the Corresponding Mononuclear PdI and PtI Complexes
Authors: Armbruster Felix , Augenstein Timo , Oña‐Burgos Pascual , Breher Frank 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report on the first homoleptic tetrakis(silyl) complexes of zerovalent Group 10 metals. The compounds [MLi4{Si(3,5‐Me2pz)3}4] (M=Pd and Pt; 3,5‐Me2pz=3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl) exhibit very appealing metal‐centred heterocubane structures with the central d10 metal atoms surrounded by four silicon and four lithium atoms. Both compounds were characterised in detail, including X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods such as 7Li,29Si and 7Li,195Pt HMQC. Cyclic voltammetry studies, in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealed that the corresponding mononuclear cationic d9‐MI and dicationic d8‐MII complexes are accessible by stepwise one‐electron oxidation of the title compounds. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations provided evidence for the existence of the corresponding paramagnetic palladium(I) and platinum(I) complexes.
In situ Generation of Superoxide Anion Radical in Aqueous Medium under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Stoin Uri , Shames Alexander I. , Malka Itamar , Bar Ilana , Sasson Yoel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the recent decades superoxide [O2−.] has become the subject of considerable interest. Nonetheless, generation of superoxide compounds is still a substantial challenge. The standard methods for synthesis of superoxide derivatives are either through the oxidation of molten alkali metals with hot air or by using electrolytic reduction of oxygen in aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. No methodology is available for the generation of superoxides in protic solutions and particularly not in water. We propose a new in situ method for alkali superoxide preparation by using sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide at room temperature and in aqueous solution.
Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Solvent, Process Parameter, and Recycle Oil Screening
Authors: van Rossum Guus , Zhao Wei , Castellvi Barnes Maria , Lange Jean‐Paul , Kersten Sascha R. A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is studied for the production of liquid (transportation) fuels. The process concept uses a product recycle as a liquefaction medium and produces a bio‐oil that can be co‐processed in a conventional oil refinery. This all is done at medium temperature (≈300 °C) and pressure (≈60 bar). Solvent‐screening experiments showed that oxygenated solvents are preferred as they allow high oil (up to 93 % on carbon basis) and low solid yields (≈1–2 % on carbon basis) and thereby outperform the liquefaction of biomass in compressed water and biomass pyrolysis. The following solvent ranking was obtained: guaiacol>hexanoic acid≫n‐undecane. The use of wet biomass results in higher oil yields than dry biomass. However, it also results in a higher operating pressure, which would make the process more expensive. Refill experiments were also performed to evaluate the possibility to recycle the oil as the liquefaction medium. The recycled oil appeared to be very effective to liquefy the biomass and even surpassed the start‐up solvent guaiacol, but became increasingly heavy and more viscous after each refill and eventually showed a molecular weight distribution that resembles that of refinery vacuum residue.
Focus on implementation: Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Authors: Roberts Jacqueline , Dissanayake Cheryl 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe commentaries in this section refer to the review, Oono IP, Honey EJ, McConachie H. Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD009774. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009774.pub2.Editor's note: Parents of children with autism often have a complicated life. In some cases, because of their child's behavior, they cannot take them to a restaurant or to a movie, let alone on a vacation. Finding child‐care may be impossible. Some children with autism appear to be unhappy much of the time. Most parents would fly to the moon if that would make their child better, but it is our responsibility as clinicians to only assign parents tasks that are likely to benefit their child. In their commentaries, Professors Jacqueline Roberts and Cheryl Dissanayake provide their opinions on the fine art of balancing what we ask parents of autistic children to do.
Enantioselective Squaramide‐Catalysed Domino Mannich–Cyclization Reaction of Isatin Imines
Authors: Wang Xi‐Bo , Li Tian‐Ze , Sha Feng , Wu Xin‐Yan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn enantioselective domino reaction of 4‐bromo‐3‐oxobutanoates with isatin‐derived ketimines was developed to construct 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles with a quaternary stereocentre. In the presence of 1 mol‐% of a bifunctional squaramide organocatalyst, the desired products were achieved in high yields (90–97 %) and with excellent enantioselectivities (92–99 % ee).
Exploring genetic analysis of complex traits through the paradigm of alcohol dependence: Summary of GAW11 contributions
Authors: Almasy Laura , Borecki Ingrid B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe discuss the Genetic Analysis Workshop 11 analyses of data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism from a methodological perspective, concentrating on approaches and issues relevant to linkage and association studies of complex human phenotypes. Genome screening by parametric linkage, nonparametric linkage, association, and combined linkage/association methods are discussed. Issues particular to complex disease include etiologic heterogeneity, multivariate phenotype modeling, and parent‐of‐origin effects. Other methodological topics discussed are new and enhanced methods, ascertainment, weighting of nonindependent sib pairs, and data cleaning and validation.
Mapping alcoholism genes using linkage/linkage disequilibrium analysis
Authors: Aragaki Corinne , Quiaoit Filemon , Hsu Li , Zhao Lue Ping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing a recently developed semiparametric method for combined linkage/linkage‐disequilibrium analysis, we analyzed the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism data subset developed for Genetic Analysis Workshop 11 (GAW11). This semiparametric approach estimates recombination fractions for linkage, marker log odds ratios for linkage‐disequilibrium, their product for combined linkage/linkage‐disequilibrium, and corresponding z‐scores. We used two outcomes: alcohol dependence and “alcoholism‐free” and a genome‐wide significance level of 4.1 (which corresponds to a genome‐wide lod score of 3.6). For the alcohol dependence outcome, we observed significant linkage signals at D1S1588–D1S1631, D1S547, D2S399, D2S425, D4S2361, D7S1796, and D7S1824. We also found significant linkage‐disequilibrium signals at D1S547 and D7S1795. For the “alcoholism‐free” outcome, we found significant linkage signals at D4S2457, D41651 (both flank ADH3), D11S2359, and D16S47 and significant linkage‐disequilibrium signals at D4S2361, FABP2, D11S2359, D19S431 and D19S47‐D19S198‐D19S601.
A genome‐wide scan for a simulated data set using two newly developed methods
Authors: Hsu Li , Aragaki Corinne , Quiaoit Filemon , Wang Xiangjing , Xu Xiubin , Zhao Lue Ping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA genome‐wide scan of a simulated data set for fictitious disease genes was conducted using both semiparametric and nonparametric methods. The semiparametric model‐based method, which tests for linkage/linkage disequilibrium separately and together, correctly identified all three underlying disease loci along with two false positives through the linkage analysis. However, the nonparametric model‐free method which tests combined linkage/linkage disequilibrium, failed to yield any results due to the lack of linkage disequilibrium information in the data.
Environmental covariates: Effects on the power of sib‐pair linkage methods
Authors: Mandal Diptasri M. , Sorant Alexa J. M. , Pugh Elizabeth W. , Marcus Sherry E. , Klein Alison P. , Mathias Rasika A. , O'Neill Jennifer , Temiyakarn Loyrirk F. , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of inclusion of environmental risk factors on the power of sib‐pair linkage methods was tested for a qualitative trait. It was found that inclusion of an environmental variable did not increase the power of the Haseman‐Elston (H‐E) sib‐pair nonparametric linkage analysis test. However, a significant increase in power was observed for both the H‐E and affected‐sib‐pair tests, even in small samples, when persons unexposed to the environmental risk factor were coded as unknown.
The effect of phenotype variation on detection of linkage in the COGA data
Authors: Birznieks Gunther , Ghosh Soumitra , Watanabe Richard M. , Mitchell Braxton D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractError in phenotypic measurement can significantly compromise ability to detect linkage. We assessed the impact of introducing phenotypic measurement error on our ability to detect a quantitative trait locus in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) data. The impact of introducing three different types of errors was evaluated: 1) errors generated by sampling from a normal distribution; 2) errors generated by permuting phenotype values between subjects; and 3) errors generated by sampling from a uniform error distribution.
An evaluation of affected‐sib‐pair methods and transmission/disequilibrium tests for detecting genes underlying a complex trait
Authors: Shugart Yin Yao , Wehman Pat , Collins Andrew 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor the analysis of complex traits, it is of interest to compare a few nonparametric methods such as affected‐sib‐pair (ASP) analyses and transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDT). The affected‐sib‐pair approaches we have examined here are ASP and ALL‐SP which are implemented in SIBPAIR program. We also applied the BETA program which has not so far been extensively compared with other methods. The study indicates that the ASP program and the BETA program give concordant results although BETA tends to give higher lod scores. However, when all sibs were included in the analysis (ALL‐SP), linkage signals became weaker, compared with ASP and BETA. The TDT detected 66 positive signals at a significance level of 0.05 and identified a true locus. Overall, our results suggest that affected‐sib‐pair analysis has reasonable power (p < 0.0001) to detect linkage given the disease model and the family structure specified in the GAW11 Problem 2 data set.
Oligogenic model selection using the bayesian information criterion: Linkage analysis of the P300 Cz event‐related brain potential
Authors: Blangero John , Williams Jeff T. , Iturria Stephen J. , Almasy Laura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe traditional likelihood‐based approach to hypothesis testing may not be an optimal strategy for evaluating oligogenic models of inheritance. Under oligogenic inheritance the number of possible multilocus models can become very large; there may be several competing linkage models having similar likelihoods; and comparisons among non‐nested models can be required to determine if a given multilocus model provides a significantly better fit to observed phenotypic variation than an alternative model. We propose an efficient Bayesian approach to oligogenic model selection that makes use of existing model likelihoods, and show how model uncertainty can be incorporated into parameter estimation.
Stratification techniques to explore genotype environment interactions
Authors: Wilk J.B. , Premkumar S. , Nicolaou M. , Myers R.H. , Maher N.E. , Harmon M.D. , Farrer L.A. , Destefano A.L. , Cupples L.A. , Couropmitree N.N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLinkage analysis was performed on the GAW11 Problem 2 data set using stratification to explore the effects of the environmental risk factors and the differences between mild and severe phenotypes. Analysis of the four study populations stratified by the two risk factors identified regions on chromosomes 3 and 5 with significant evidence for linkage. Other loci were sought by removing families consistent with linkage to the chromosome 3 locus. Our studies identified a locus on chromosome 3 (markers 43–46) associated with the mild phenotype in the presence of risk factor 1 and with the severe phenotype independent of risk factor 1. This suggests that distinct allelic variants at the chromosome 3 locus may cause different forms of disease. The locus identified on chromosome 5 (markers 36–39) was linked to the severe phenotype, but exposure to factor 1 or 2 may have a protective effect. The regions on chromosomes 3 and 5 appeared to have independent roles in disease etiology. Evidence for two loci on chromosome 1 linked to the mild form was found. The methods successfully identified linkages and interaction consistent with the generating model.
Significant evidence for linkage of a simulated trait to D1G024–A conclusion reached using multiallelic transmission/disequilibrium tests
Authors: Ziegler Andreas , Hebebrand Johannes , Kastner Christian , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe applied three versions of the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) for detecting linkage in nuclear families using the a priori information of possibly present association. For our analyses we employed all marker data for a simulated trait. Results for replicate 11 showed significant linkage to D1G024 using the multiallelic Tmhet statistic and the extended TDT. The TDT for the most frequent parental allele which had been applied successfully in previous studies failed to detect linkage. This result may have happened because the data did not arise from a realistic simulation of the evolution of a real population, where mutations might be expected to occur against a specific haplotype. Simulation studies are required to elucidate the applicability of the TDT for the most frequent parental allele in realistic situations. Furthermore, guidelines have to be developed for how to pool categories in large, sparse contingency tables to obtain larger cell frequencies and lower degrees of freedom.
Cleaning genotype data
Authors: Broman Karl W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe identification of genes contributing to variation in complex phenotypes requires genetic data of high fidelity. Thus, the identification of pedigree and genotyping errors is a crucial prerequisite to the analysis of data from a genome scan for disease genes. The problem has been given little attention in most gene hunting papers; the focus has often been on eliminating mendelian inconsistencies in order that the analysis may proceed, rather than on achieving the best possible data. Though a number of computer programs are available to assist in the identification of genotyping and pedigree errors, the process is still not completely automated. While the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) data set for GAW11 is completely compatible with Mendel's rules, there are still some errors present. We inspected the COGA data for the presence of additional errors, and identified five possible pedigree errors.
A low density genome‐wide search for loci involved in alcohol dependence using the transmission/disequilibrium test, sib‐tdt, and two combined tests
Authors: Camp Nicola J. , Bansal Aruna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT), sib‐TDT and two combined tests have been implemented in an attempt to identify loci across the genome that may be involved in alcohol dependence. Since these tests are based on the existence of association between marker and disease loci, the low‐density map used (13 cM) will have missed any disease loci situated between markers. Nevertheless, genome‐wide suggestive linkage results were found at three markers ‐ D6S474, D8S1715, and D12S372 ‐ two of which also gave nominally significant evidence by two‐point linkage analysis. These are regions that deserve further investigation with respect to their involvement in alcohol dependence, and in order to evaluate the relative efficacy of the different methods used.
Genetic analysis of personality traits and alcoholism using a mixed discrete continuous trait variance component model
Authors: Czerwinski Stefan A. , Mahaney Michael C. , Williams Jeff T. , Almasy Laura , Blangero John 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBivariate analyses can improve power to detect linkage. This paper describes one application of a bivariate variance component method for estimating joint likelihoods of a continuous and a discrete trait. This method is applied to the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism data set to investigate the relationship between personality traits derived from the tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ) and alcoholism. The results indicate that the novelty‐seeking subscale of the TPQ and alcoholism share a strong and significant genetic correlation (ρG = 0.83) and modest environmental correlation (ρE = 0.31). When both traits are considered jointly in a multipoint linkage model compared with the alcoholism trait alone, there is an improvement in the ability to detect and localize a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 4.