bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promises and Commitments: The Role of Fair and Equitable Provisions and Local Foreign Direct Investment Law and Regulations in Generating Legitimate Expectations
Authors: Sayfutdinov Khasan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost tribunals link legitimate expectations to violations of fair and equitable treatment provisions in bilateral investment treaties (BITs). The legitimate expectations of investors in the host country vary from country to country. This chapter analyses the most recent fair and equitable treatments (FETs) in Uzbekistan’s investment treaties and assesses the role of local investment law and regulations in building legitimate expectations. To do so, I review investment arbitration cases to build an analytical framework, whereby case law provides methodological guidance to design questions for interviews and focus-group discussions. According to the sources of legitimate expectations, this study divides direct and indirect expectations into two groups, and provides suggestions for improving current FET provisions by including more precise wording in Uzbek BITs. This chapter also contains recommendations for generating direct legitimate expectations such that foreign investors may rely on the country’s direct assurance and representations which target specific groups of investors intending to invest in the country.
Between the Sacred and the Secular: Publishing, Books, and Everyday Life in Colonial Cochinchina
Authors: Cao Vy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecords of the colonial legal deposit allow us to reconstruct the rapid rise of print culture in late colonial Indochina. Between 1922 and 1945, approximately 257 printing and publishing houses produced more than 25,000 periodicals and non-periodicals. Using data from the Indochinese collection of the French National Library, this chapter traces the landscape of publishing in colonial Cochinchina. It then focuses on the multiple meanings of the book as a printed object, and particularly the practice of book donation, to explore how print culture transformed local relations to reading, trading, and devotion. While books are often understood as vectors of modernity, attending to their materiality reminds us they were also an everyday consumer good. In the case of donated books, they could even serve as a kind of religious currency, creating social ties, and confirming readers’ participation in a shared traditional cosmology.
Preclinical research progress in HER2-targeted small-molecule probes for breast cancer
Authors: Sun Yefan , Zhai Luoping , Ma Le , Zhang Wanchun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is a malignant tumor that has the highest morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a key driver of breast cancer development. Therefore, accurate assessment of HER2 expression in cancer patients and timely initiation or termination of anti-HER2 treatment are crucial for the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The emergence of radiolabeled molecular probes targeting HER2 makes this assessment possible. This article describes different types of small-molecule probes that target HER2 and are used in current preclinical applications and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages.
The change of the absorptance at the transition from partial- to full-penetration laser welding
Authors: Wagner Jonas , Hagenlocher Christian , Weber Rudolf , Graf Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFull-penetration laser welding processes are necessarily associated with significant changes of the geometrical properties of the keyhole at the beginning of the process when the keyhole expands all the way through the workpiece and finally pierces the bottom of the sheet. The impact that this transition has on the absorptance was investigated by means of X-ray imaging to determine the geometry of the keyhole and subsequent raytracing to calculate the distribution of the absorbed irradiance. The results show a significant drop of the overall absorptance when the bottom of the capillary opens through the rear side of the workpiece which in practice is noticed by an unstable behavior of the keyhole. Since the drop of the absorptance is less pronounced for smaller diameters of the keyhole, one may recommend the application of laser beams with small diameters at least during the initial phase until the keyhole is fully developed and reliably reaches through the bottom surface of the welded sheet.
Correlation Between Antimicrobial Structural Classes and Membrane Partitioning: Role of Emerging Lipid Packing Defects
Authors: Sankaran S. V. , Saiba Roni , Sikdar Samapan , Vemparala Satyavani 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, a combination of bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations is employed to investigate the partitioning behavior of different classes of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) into model membranes. The main objective is to identify any correlations between the structural characteristics of AMPs and their membrane identification and early-stage partitioning mechanisms. The simulation results reveal distinct membrane interactions among the various structural classes of AMPs, particularly in relation to the generation and subsequent interaction with lipid packing defects. Notably, AMPs with a structure-less coil conformation generate a higher number of deep and shallow defects, which are larger in size compared to other classes of AMPs. AMPs with helical component demonstrated the deepest insertion into the membrane. On the other hand, AMPs with a significant percentage of beta sheets tend to adsorb onto the membrane surface, suggesting a potentially distinct partitioning mechanism attributed to their structural rigidity. These findings highlight the diverse membrane interactions and partitioning mechanisms exhibited by different structural classes of AMPs.
Graphical abstract
DNA, databases and diet: a case study on the parrotfish Scarus rivulatus
Authors: van der Reis Aimee L. , Clements Kendall D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDNA metabarcoding is increasingly used in dietary studies, but this molecular technique has limitations including DNA extraction, primer choice suitability and completeness of DNA reference databases. Together, these limitations can create successive biases; some of which can be identified by careful data interrogation. Here, we examine some of the influential factors impacting DNA metabarcoding by focusing on the diet of the grazing coral reef parrotfish Scarus rivulatus (Labridae). The 16S V3-4 and 18S V4 gene regions were targeted to detect a wide range of taxa in the pharyngeal content, but genus-level amplicon sequence variant (ASV) assignments were ≤ 40%. Multiple universal 18S V4 primer sets, which amplified the same portion of the gene region, highlighted disparities that impacted resulting datasets and dietary data interpretation. Approximately 50% of ASVs overlapped among these 18S V4 datasets. Overall, our results show that protein-rich epilithic and endolithic microscopic photoautotrophs were consistently present and that S. rivulatus appears to rely on protein-rich taxa, especially dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. Even if all qualitative limitations could be addressed, our data emphasise the difficulty of making straightforward quantitative conclusions about the diet composition of grazing fishes using DNA metabarcoding alone. Thus, until DNA metabarcoding reaches a state of maturity where quantitative data can be gained, additional support is required from other dietary analysis methods to provide robust interpretations and conclusions.
Ion irradiation induced blister formation and exfoliation in 3C-SiC
Authors: Sreelakshmi N. , Sen Sujoy , Ganesan K. , Amirthapandian S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInvestigation of surface blistering and exfoliation in silicon carbide (SiC) by H+ ion irradiation can be utilized for the smart cut or ion cut process, which will overcome the major challenges impeding the technological development of SiC. Blister formation and exfoliation in cubic 3CSiC were studied by carrying out 50 keV H+ ion irradiations. Both formation and exfoliation of blisters were observed in post-annealed (at 600 °C and 800 °C) samples (ion fluence: 7 × 1016 ions/cm2), where the disorder level is 0.95, which is close to the amorphization dose. The samples were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman scattering techniques. AFM measurements indicate that blisters exfoliate at a depth of around 289 nm, where H ions result in maximum damage. Raman scattering results reveal the presence of vacancy-hydrogenated complex in the post-annealed samples. Raman mapping around blisters suggests that there is more internal stress around the periphery of blisters than at its centre. Internal pressure and stress inside the blisters are estimated using Föppl-von Karman’s (FvK) theory of thin plates. The internal pressure decreases with the diameter of the blisters. FvK theory of thin plates has enabled the determination of a threshold stress of 0.06 GPa, describing the change from a tensile to a compressive stress state in the buckles, which leads to the exfoliation of blisters.
The impact of preoperative 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on functional outcomes and health-related quality of life following radical prostatectomy – A propensity score matched longitudinal study
Authors: Westhofen Thilo , Frank Kerstin , Buchner Alexander , Becker Armin , Eismann Lennert , Rodler Severin , Aydogdu Can , Berg Elena , Jokisch Friedrich , Kazmierczak Philipp M. , Stief Christian G. , Kretschmer Alexander 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
While the impact of treatment with 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors (5-ARI) on the risk of cancer-related mortality in men with prostate cancer (PC) has been extensively studied, little is known about the impact of preoperative 5-ARI use on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods
Within our prospectively maintained institutional database of 5899 patients treated with RP for PC (2008– 2021), 99 patients with preoperative 5-ARI therapy were identified. A 1:4 propensity-score matched analysis of 442 men (n = 90 5-ARI, n = 352 no 5-ARI) was conducted. Primary endpoint was continence recovery using daily pad usage and ICIQ-SF. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the validated EORTC QLQ-C30 and PR25 questionnaires. Multivariable Cox-regression-models tested the effect of preoperative 5-ARI treatment on continence-recovery (p < 0.05).

Results
Patients were followed up perioperatively, followed by annual assessments up to 60mo postoperatively. Preoperative mean ICIQ-SF score (2.2 vs. 0.9) was significantly higher in the 5-ARI cohort (p = 0.006). 24mo postoperatively, 68.6% (no 5-ARI) vs. 55.7% (5-ARI) had full continence recovery (p = 0.002). Multivariable Cox regression analysis, revealed preoperative 5-ARI treatment as an independent predictor for impaired continence recovery (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.94, p = 0.03) In line, general HRQOL was significantly higher for patients without 5-ARI only up to 24mo postoperatively (70.6 vs. 61.2, p = 0.045). There was no significant impact of preoperative 5-ARI treatment on erectile function, biochemical recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival.

Conclusions
Pre-RP 5-ARI treatment was associated with impaired continence outcomes starting 24mo postoperatively, suggesting that preoperative 5-ARI treatment can impair the long-term urinary function recovery following RP.
Quality of life and tolerability of B-cell directed therapy of multiple sclerosis with ofatumumab in a patient-centered real-world observational study
Authors: Karl Anna-Sophia , Klimas Rafael , Katsimpoura Melina , Sgodzai Melissa , Theile-Ochel Simon , Poser Philip Lennart , Gisevius Barbara , Faissner Simon , Salmen Anke , Nastos Ilias , Gold Ralf , Motte Jeremias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Ofatumumab (Kesimpta®) is a subcutaneous CD20-targeting antibody approved in Germany in 2021 for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). After careful instruction, patients can administer the treatment themselves. We previously reported data of 101 patients (Klimas et al. in Nervenarzt 94:923–933, 2023). The objective of this longitudinal study is to explore the tolerability and acceptability of ofatumumab from a patient perspective over a follow up period of 6 months.

Methods
In this prospective observational real-world study, we report follow up data of 81 patients. We evaluated sociodemographic data, disease duration, duration and side effects of ofatumumab use, expanded disability status scale (EDSS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Fatigue Scale of Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), and modified Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Test (MSFC). In addition, we asked for subjective treatment outcomes, such as impact on quality of life, walking distance, concentration, mood, medication adherence, fatigue and the subjective course of MS on a numerical rating scale (1 = very negative; 5 = very positive). Furthermore, treatment discontinuations were recorded.

Results
The average duration of ofatumumab treatment was 10 months. In comparison to previous published data of our cohort, patients reported a significant increase in headache (10% up to 26%, p = 0.004) and limb pain (5% up to 26%, p < 0.001) as persistent side effects after the injections. More patients reported a very positive effect (p < 0.0001) on quality of life. 4 confirmed relapses occurred but no EDSS worsening, and no treatment discontinuations were documented during the observation period.

Discussion
As previously described, our prospective study indicates that patients have a good tolerability of ofatumumab, precisely because of the mild and few side effects at the first administration. However, the longer the observation period, the more headaches and limb pain occurred after the injections. Despite this, patients’ subjective quality of life improved. There were no discontinuations during the follow-up period, with the limitation of a high loss to follow-up.
Accuracy of a continuous glucose monitoring system applied before, during, and after an intense leg-squat session with low- and high-carbohydrate availability in young adults without diabetes
Authors: Matzka Manuel , Ørtenblad Niels , Lenk Mascha , Sperlich Billy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to assess the accuracy of a continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) device (Abbott FreeStyle Libre 3) against capillary blood glucose measurement (BGM) before, during, and after an intense lower body strength training session in connection with high- versus low-carbohydrate breakfasts.

Methods
Nine adults (22 ± 2 years) completed a strength training session (10 × 10 at 60% 1RM) twice after high-carbohydrate and twice after low-carbohydrate breakfasts. CGM accuracy versus BGM was assessed across four phases: post-breakfast, pre-exercise, exercise, and post-exercise.

Results
Overall fed state mean BGM levels were 84.4 ± 20.6 mg/dL. Group-level Bland–Altman analysis showed acceptable agreement between CGM and BGM across all phases, with mean biases between − 7.95 and − 17.83 mg/dL; the largest discrepancy was in the post-exercise phase. Mean absolute relative difference was significantly higher post-exercise compared to pre-exercise and exercise phases, for overall data and after the high-carbohydrate breakfast (all p ≤ 0.02). Clark Error Grid analysis showed 50.5–64.3% in Zone A and 31.7–44.6% in Zone B, with an increase in treatment errors during and after exercise.

Conclusion
In this group of healthy participants undergoing strength training, CGM showed satisfactory accuracy in glucose monitoring but varied substantially between individuals compared to BGM and fails in meeting clinical criteria for diabetic monitoring. CGM could aid non-diabetic athletes by tracking glucose fluctuations due to diet and exercise. Although utilization of CGM shows potential in gathering, analyzing, and interpreting interstitial glucose for improving performance, the application in sports nutrition is not yet validated, and challenges in data interpretation could limit its adoption.
Small duct and large duct type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveal distinct patterns of immune signatures
Authors: Bernatz Simon , Schulze Falko , Bein Julia , Bankov Katrin , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Grünewald Leon D. , Koch Vitali , Stehle Angelika , Schnitzbauer Andreas A. , Walter Dirk , Finkelmeier Fabian , Zeuzem Stefan , Vogl Thomas J. , Wild Peter J. , Kinzler Maximilian N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Dedicated gene signatures in small (SD-iCCA) and large (LD-iCCA) duct type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remain unknown. We performed immune profiling in SD- and LD-iCCA to identify novel biomarker candidates for personalized medicine.

Methods
Retrospectively, 19 iCCA patients with either SD-iCCA (n = 10, median age, 63.1 years (45–86); men, 4) or LD-iCCA (n = 9, median age, 69.7 years (62–85); men, 5)) were included. All patients were diagnosed and histologically confirmed between 04/2009 and 01/2021. Tumor tissue samples were processed for differential expression profiling using NanoString nCounter® PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel.

Results
With the exception of complement signatures, immune-related pathways were broadly downregulated in SD-iCCA vs. LD-iCCA. A total of 20 immune-related genes were strongly downregulated in SD-iCCA with DMBT1 (log2fc = -5.39, p = 0.01) and CEACAM6 (log2fc = -6.38, p = 0.01) showing the strongest downregulation. Among 7 strongly (log2fc > 2, p ≤ 0.02) upregulated genes, CRP (log2fc = 5.06, p = 0.02) ranked first, and four others were associated with complement (C5, C4BPA, C8A, C8B). Total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) signature was decreased in SD-iCCA with elevated ratios of exhausted-CD8/TILs, NK/TILs, and cytotoxic cells/TILs while having decreased ratios of B-cells/TILs, mast cells/TILs and dendritic cells/TILs. The immune profiling signatures in SD-iCCA revealed downregulation in chemokine signaling pathways inclulding JAK2/3 and ERK1/2 as well as nearly all cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways with the exception of the CXCL1/CXCR1-axis.

Conclusion
Immune patterns differed in SD-iCCA versus LD-iCCA. We identified potential biomarker candidate genes, including CRP, CEACAM6, DMBT1, and various complement factors that could be explored for augmented diagnostics and treatment decision-making.
Carbon Management für ein klimaneutrales Österreich
Authors: Hochmeister Susanne , Kühberger Lisa , Kulich Jakob , Ott Holger , Kienberger Thomas 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Erfüllung der globalen Klimaziele gemäß des Pariser Abkommens stellt eine entscheidende Herausforderung der kommenden Jahrzehnte dar. Gewisse Emissionen der Industrie, Energieerzeugung sowie diffuse Emissionen aus der Landwirtschaft, der Deponierung von Abfällen und fluorierte Gase (F-Gase) können jedoch nicht vollständig vermieden werden. Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) und Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) werden daher als wesentliche Komponenten zur Erreichung der Klimaziele angesehen. Um das Potenzial von CCU- und CCS-Aktivitäten für die langfristigen Klimaziele zu beurteilen und geeignete Carbon Management-Strategien zu identifizieren, ist eine Bewertung dieser Technologien insbesondere in Österreich erforderlich, wo bisher kaum umfassende Studien dazu durchgeführt worden sind.Diese Arbeit umfasst eine ganzheitliche Analyse relevanter CO2-Punktquellen in Österreich und deren prognostizierte Entwicklung bis 2050 anhand technologiebasierter Szenarien. Die geologische Speicherung von CO2 ist vorwiegend in ehemaligen Kohlenwasser-Stofflagerstätten möglich. Bedarfe für CO2 als Rohstoff werden zukünftig in der chemischen sowie petrochemischen Industrie bestehen.Bis 2050 wird Österreichs Industrie jährlich etwa vier Millionen Tonnen (Mt) an unvermeidbarem CO2 emittieren. Diese Emissionen müssen langfristig gespeichert werden und entsprechen somit dem Mindestbedarf an Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Diffuse Restemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft, der Deponierung von Abfällen und fluorierte Treibhausgase sind nicht für CCU/S-Maßnahmen geeignet. Zur Erreichung der Klimaziele sind daher negative Emissionen notwendig.
Optimal coordinates for Ricci-flat conifolds
Authors: Kröncke Klaus , Szabó Áron 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe compute the indicial roots of the Lichnerowicz Laplacian on Ricci-flat cones and give a detailed description of the corresponding radially homogeneous tensor fields in its kernel. For a Ricci-flat conifold (M, g) which may have asymptotically conical as well as conically singular ends, we compute at each end a lower bound for the order with which the metric converges to the tangent cone. As a special subcase of our result, we show that any Ricci-flat ALE manifold $$(M^n,g)$$

(

M
n

,
g
)

is of order n and thereby close a small gap in a paper by Cheeger and Tian.
Interventricular septum involvement is related to right ventricular dysfunction in anterior STEMI patients without right ventricular infarction: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study
Authors: Liang Shichu , Chen Shi , Bai Yanlin , Ma Min , Shi Fanfan , Huang Litao , Wang Hua , Xia Chunchao , Diao Kaiyue , He Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in assessing and predicting acute right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains ascertained. Eighty eight patients with anterior STEMI were prospectively recruited and underwent CMR examinations within one week following the coronary intervention. Patients with RV ejection fraction (RVEF) less than 2 standard deviations below the average at the center (RVEF ≤ 45.0%) were defined as having RV dysfunction. The size of infarction, segmental wall motion, and T1 and T2 mapping values of global myocardium and the interventricular septum (IVS) were measured. Predictive performance was calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis and logistic regression test. Twenty two patients presented with RV dysfunction. The RV dysfunction group had a larger IVS infarct extent (54.28 ± 10.35 vs 33.95 ± 15.09%, P < 0.001) and lower left ventricle stroke volume index (33.93 ± 7.96 vs 42.46 ± 8.14 ml/m2, P < 0.001) compared to the non-RV dysfunction group. IVS infarct extent at 48.8% best predicted the presence of RV dysfunction with an area under the curve of 0.864. Left ventricular stroke volume index (LVSVI) and IVS infarct extent were selected by stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis. Lower LVSVI (odds ratio [OR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 0.99; P = 0.044) and higher IVS infarct extent (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.33; P = 0.01) were found to be independent predictors for RV dysfunction. In patients with anterior STEMI, those with larger IVS infarct extent and worse LV function are more likely to be associated with RV dysfunction.