bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN HUKUMAN DISIPLIN PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL ATAS PELANGGARAN JAM KERJA DI KANTOR WILAYAH DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BEA CUKAI SULAWESI BAGIAN SELATAN
Authors: Herlinawan Iwan Yudi , Hasan Yulia A. , Almusawir Almusawir 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan sanksi disiplin terhadap pelanggaran disiplin jam kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) di Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Sulawesi Bagian Selatan. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah penelitian Hukum Normatif Empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sanksi disiplin terhadap pelanggaran disiplin jam kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Sulawesi Bagian Selatan telah dilakasanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah 94 Tahun 2021 pasal 4 huruf f dan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 221/PMK.01/2021, terutama terkait dengan pemotongan tunjangan dan akumulasi ketidakhadiran pada tahap hukuman disiplin ringan, sedang dan berat. Penerapan sanksi disiplin terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang melanggar ketentuan jam kerja di Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Sulawesi Bagian Selatan belum berjalan secara efektif yang ditunjukan masih ada pegawai melakukan pelanggaran dan terdapat pegawai yang melakukannya secara berulang serta tidak merasakan dampak atas pembelajaran dan pembinaan yang telah dilakukan. Penerapan hukuman belum efektif karena: (a) faktor sanksi dan hukuman, (b) penegakan hukuman disiplin, (c) sarana pengawasan dan monitoring dan (d) faktor individu pegawai dan masyarakat.
This research aims to determine the application of disciplinary sanctions for violations of the working hours of Civil Servants (PNS) at Regional Office of Directorate General of Customs and Excise Southern Sulawesi. The research method used is Empirical Normative Legal research. The results of the research show that the application of disciplinary sanctions for violations of civil servant working hours discipline at at Regional Office of Directorate General of Customs and Excise Southern Sulawesi has been carried out under the provisions of applicable laws and regulations, namely Government Regulations 94 of 2021 article 4 letter f and Minister of Finance Regulation Number 221/PMK.01/2021, especially related to deductions. allowances and accumulated absences which are at the stage of light, medium, and heavy disciplinary penalties. The application of disciplinary sanctions to civil servants who violate working hours provisions at Regional Office of Directorate General of Customs and Excise Southern Sulawesi has not been implemented effectively, as shown by the fact that there are still employees committing violations and there are employees who do it repeatedly and do not feel the impact of the learning and coaching that has been carried out. The application of punishment has not been effective because (a) sanctions and punishment factors, (b) enforcement of disciplinary penalties, (c) means of supervision and monitoring, and (d) individual employee and community factors.
Evaluating cyber security requirements for accounting systems in economic units a survey of communication companies in the local environment
Authors: Mariyoush Sarah Allawi , Wathiq Ilham Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

يعد تأمين المعلومات المالية امراً ضرورياً في العالم الرقمي , وفي ظل التحديات التي تواجهها الوحدات الاقتصادية المتمثلة بخطر التهديدات السيبرانية المتطورة التي تطال أنظمتها المحاسبية وتتسبب بسرقة وأتلاف بياناتها او تدمير بنيتها التحتية, مما يجعلها امام ضرورة تعزيز امن أنظمتها من خلال تفعيل مجال الامن السيبراني بكافة متطلباته لمواجهة او الحد من خطر هذه التهديدات وضمان استمرارية العمل .
لذا هدفت الدراسة الحالية لفهم ممارسات الامن السيبراني وتقييم متطلبات تحقيقه, وخطورة تهديدات هذا المجال على انظمة المعلومات المحاسبية في الوحدات الاقتصادية , ولتحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثتان باستخدام المنهج الاستنباطي لتأطيرالجانب النظري وذلك بالاستعانة بالمراجع العربية والأجنبية والدوريات والانترنت , والمنهج الاستقرائي لتأطيرالجانب العملي للبحث من خلال تقييم متطلبات الامن السيبراني على انظمة المعلومات المحاسبية للوحدات الاقتصادية في البيئة المحلية , وبالاعتماد على استقراء البيانات والمعلومات التي تم الحصول عليها وفق استبانة تضمنت عدة أسئلة في ثلاث محاور لعينة البحث , المتمثلة بأصحاب الخبرة في مجال الامن السيبراني ونظم المعلومات المحاسبية في الوحدات الاقتصادية , وتم تحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها للكشف عن نقاط ضعف النظام وتأثير ذلك على امن البيانات بأستخدام التقنيات والأساليب الإحصائية , واظهرت نتائج الدراسة الى وجود قيمة إيجابية بين الأمن السيبراني ونظم المعلومات المحاسبية , مما يؤكد على أهمية توجيه الاهتمام لتعزيز الأمان السيبراني في الوحدات الاقتصادية , حيث تشير النتائج الإحصائية إلى أن الأمن السيبراني يؤثر بشكل مباشر على نظم المعلومات المحاسبية , مما يبرز أهمية تعزيز الأمن السيبراني في الوحدات الاقتصادية. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة توجيه الاستثمارات نحو تنفيذ الحلول التقنية والإجراءات الإدارية لتحقيق الأمان السيبراني والمحاسبي بشكل فعال، بالإضافة إلى ضرورة قيام الوحدات الاقتصادية الإفصاح في التقارير السنوية عن المخاطر السيبرانية التي تتعرض لها وكيفية مواجهتها من اجل تعزيز قيمتها.
Enhancing Brain Tumor Classification with a Novel Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) Fusion Model
Authors: Al-Khuzaie Maryam I Mousa , Al-Jawher Waleed A Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

Three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) have been widely applied to analyze brain tumour images (BT) to understand the disease's progress better. It is well-known that training 3D-CNN is computationally expensive and has the potential of overfitting due to the small sample size available in the medical imaging field. Here, we proposed a novel 2D-3D approach by converting a 2D brain image to a 3D fused image using a gradient of the image Learnable Weighted. By the 2D-to-3D conversion, the proposed model can easily forward the fused 3D image through a pre-trained 3D model while achieving better performance over different 3D baselines. We used VGG16 for feature extraction in the implementation as it outperformed other 3D CNN backbones. We further showed that the weights of the slices are location-dependent, and the model performance relies on the 3D-to-2D fusion view, with the best outcomes from the coronal view. With the new approach, we increased the accuracy to 0.88, compared with conventional 3D CNNs, for classifying brain tumour images. The novel 2D-3D model may have profound implications for future timely BT diagnosis in clinical settings.
Seasonal dynamics of cereal aphid population
Authors: Fedorenko A. 
Published: August 2024

Goal. To compare the seasonal dynamics of cereal aphid abundance in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones during 2023 and to determine the factors that influenced it.
Methods. To assess the state of the cereal aphid population on cereal crops, we used the results of personally conducted entomological phytosanitary monitoring of crops (according to generally accepted methods) in the farms of the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones; information from current reports from the places where field experiments were conducted directly by the forecasting laboratory, as well as other laboratories of the IPP of NAAS, which is also confirmed by the materials of decadal reports of regional plant protection stations and signalization and forecasting points of the State Inspection of Plant Protection, confirmed by information on the phytosanitary status of regional state research stations. Cereal aphid adults and larvae were counted in populations of populations (in the crop phase, the end of the tube emergence is earing).
Results. The state of cereal aphid populations on crops of cereal spiked crops in 2023 was studied, both in general in Ukraine and separately in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones. The dynamics of their number in farms of different natural and climatic zones was investigated, and an analysis of its peculiarities in the conditions of the year was carried out.
Conclusions. In 2023, the harmfulness of cereal aphids on cereal crops remained at the level of long-term averages. The expansion of their harmful zone and an increase in their number was noted during the earing period (milk ripeness). On winter cereal crops, phytophages prevailed in the Steppe zone. In the Forest-Steppe zone, the phytophage was more damaging to winter cereals than to spring cereals. The results of entomological monitoring in Mykolaiv region (State Enterprise «Experimental Farming «Zori nad Bugom») showed that during the accounting period the bulk of aphids were concentrated on winter wheat crops, and winter barley was damaged in small numbers. On the contrary, the surveys conducted in Kyiv region (State Enterprise «Experimental Farming «Salyvonkivske») showed that in the second half of June — the first decade of July, the number of aphids on spring barley crops was approximately twice as high as on spring wheat. As a result of the study, it was practically confirmed that the optimal temperature regime for the development of cereal aphids is 16—20°C, and the relative humidity is 60—80%.
The influence of abiotic factors on the development of caterpillars of the chestnut transient moth (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic) in laboratory conditions
Authors: Bashchenko M. 
Published: August 2024

Goal. To investigate the effect of abiotic factors on the duration of development of the caterpillars of the chestnut transient moth, and the ability of the caterpillars to penetrate another leaf of bitter chestnut in laboratory conditions.
Methods. In laboratory conditions, experiments were conducted to determine the duration of development of moth caterpillars at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30°C, with and without illumination. Chestnut moth caterpillars of different ages were previously selected in natural conditions. In the laboratory, they were placed in thermostats according to their age (10 specimens each), and kept at the appropriate temperature until pupation. To test their ability to re-penetrate the leaves, caterpillars of different ages were removed from the primary leaf and planted on another. Artificial lighting was applied (round the clock) using 4 fluorescent lamps PHILIPS TLD18W/54-765 with a power of 18 W. The experiment was repeated 10 times. Accounting was carried out daily. Statistical processing of data was carried out according to generally accepted methods.
Results. During the experiment, it was determined that moth caterpillars are not able to re-enter another chestnut leaf. During the study of the influence of abiotic factors on the duration of the development of caterpillars, it became known that under a temperature regime of 15°C and without lighting, their survival is significantly lower than with lighting. In conditions of complete darkness, 24.4% of the pest was frightened, and with lighting — 58.8%. At the same time, the results of the experiment also showed the importance of the effect of the temperature regime on the maintenance of these insects. Thus, the greatest death of caterpillars was recorded at a temperature of 15°C, when the temperature increased to 20—25°C, this indicator gradually decreased, but when the holding temperature increased to 30°C, the death rate increased again. Thus, we came to the conclusion that it is possible to keep the chestnut moth in laboratory conditions only during the period of its seasonal activity in nature. It is at this time that it becomes possible to study it more thoroughly, and to search for ecological means to reduce the number of chestnuts.
Conclusions. Chestnut moth caterpillars are not able to re-enter another chestnut leaf, and their full development is possible only inside mines, where there are optimal conditions for this. The greatest mortality of young caterpillars in laboratory conditions was observed at storage temperatures of 15 and 30°С. The optimal temperature regime for this stage of pest development is 20—25°C. Therefore, keeping these caterpillars in laboratory conditions is effective only during the period of their seasonal activity in nature.
Czy rzeczywiście istnieje prawo do resocjalizacji? Wprowadzenie do studenckiego projektu publikacji dotyczących tematu „prawa do resocjalizacji”
Authors: Niełaczna Maria 
Published: August 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest po pierwsze próba odpowiedzi na pytanie: „Czy więźniowie mają prawo do rehabilitacji?” – prawo, za którym stoi roszczenie o konkretne usługi w postaci programów poprawczych lub tradycyjnych metod, jak praca i edukacja. Po drugie, próba porównania pojęć „resocjalizacja” i „rehabilitacja”, celem wyjaśnienia podobieństw i różnic. Po trzecie, artykuł wyjaśnia również, że odpowiedzi na to pytanie szukali studenci kierunku kryminologia, bazując na pięciu naukowych tekstach, a mianowicie: The Supreme Court and the Rehabilitative Ideal Chada Flansersa, Toward a Theory of Prisoners’ Rights Richarda L. Lippke, Rehabilitation as a Positive Obligation Sonji Meijer, Why dignity matters: Dignity and the right (or not) to rehabilitation from international and national perspectives Amandy Ploch, Do Criminal Offenders Have a Constitutional Right to Rehabilitation? Edgardo Rotmana oraz Inmate’s Right to Rehabilitation during Incarceration: A Critical Analysis of the United States Correctional System Sheldona Seigafo. Formułując swoją odpowiedź, studenci zidentyfikowali wspólny mianownik tego prawa – bo za takowe uznali prawo do rehabilitacji – jak godność osobista, której poszanowanie rodzi obowiązek państwa stworzenia oferty poprawczej dla więźniów celem odzyskania przez nich wolności i życia zgodnego z prawem. Po czwarte, artykuł przedstawia krótką analizę każdego z tekstów.
The subject of this article is an attempt to answer the question, „Do prisoners have a right to rehabilitation?” – a right behind which is a claim for specific services in the form of correctional programs or traditional methods, such as work and education. Second, it attempts to compare the terms rehabilitation and rehabilitation to clarify the similarities and differences. Thirdly, the article also explains that the answer to this question was sought by criminology students based on five scientific texts, namely: The Supreme Court and the Rehabilitative Ideal, Chad Flansers, Toward a Theory of Prisoners’ Rights, Richard L. Lippke, Rehabilitation as a Positive Obligation, Sonja Meijer, Why dignity matters: Dignity and the right (or not) to rehabilitation from international and national perspectives, Amanda Ploch, Do Criminal Offenders Have a Constitutional Right to Rehabilitation?, Edgardo Rotman and Inmate’s Right to Rehabilitation during Incarceration: A Critical Analysis of the United States Correctional System, Sheldon Seigafo. In formulating their response, the students identified the common core of this right – for they considered the right to rehabilitation as such – as personal dignity, respect of which gives rise to the state’s obligation to create a correctional offer for prisoners in order to regain their freedom and live a lawful life. Fourth, the article provides a brief analysis of each text.
Nielegalny obrót lekami w warunkach izolacji więziennej
Authors: Zając Bartosz 
Published: August 2024

W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z nielegalnym obrotem leków w warunkach zakładu karnego. Wskazano, że jest to przykład przedmiotu niebezpiecznego, który potencjalnie może naruszyć bezpieczeństwo jednostki penitencjarnej oraz wpływać niekorzystnie na jej funkcjonowanie. Praca miała charakter badawczy, jej celem było przedstawienie zjawiska nielegalnego handlu lekami przez osoby pozbawione wolności oraz wskazanie katalogu potencjalnych zagrożeń, które z niego wynikają. Dodatkowo wskazano obszary, które wymagają dalszej poprawy w zakresie przeciwdziałania zjawisku nielegalnego obrotu lekami.
The article presents the issue of illegal medicines trade in prisons. This is an example dangerous item, which influences on prisons safety and has an adverse effect on the functioning of penitentiary unit.The article is a research about illegal medicines trade among inmates, and shows potentially dangers of illegal medicines trade, additionally article indicates things that can be improve.
ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF CRIME PREVENTION OF CONVICTS IN PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY
Authors: Кулаков А.В. , Афанасьевский В.Л. 
Published: August 2024

Пенитенциарная преступность является частью общей преступности, а ее профилактика – частью противодействия преступности в целом. Однако профилактическое воздействие на осужденных в местах лишения свободы обладает определенными особенностями, обусловленными пенитенциарной средой и особым детерминационным комплексом. Анализ криминологических источников приводит авторов к выводу о необходимости расширения перечня причин и условий преступности осужденных в местах лишения свободы. В частности, предлагается дополнить его просчетами в организации профилактической работы с осужденными, в частности, в планировании, определении субъектов и методов воздействия. В статье отмечается, что именно последовательное планирование профилактических мероприятий – от Комплексного плана ФСИН России до плана работы с конкретным осужденным – позволит достичь преемственности в деятельности различных субъектов профилактики и выработать оптимальное направление работы. В статье особое внимание уделяется организации профилактической работы на непосредственномуровне – в учреждениях и органах, исполняющих наказания. Отмечается, что данная деятельность должна основываться на общих принципах и требованиях, предъявляемых к планированию, с учетом специфических условий, связанных с несением службы сотрудниками. Указывается на важность выбора методов и средств данной деятельности, предлагается более эффективно использовать технические средства надзора и контроля за осужденными. В числе главных проблем выделяется низкий профессионализм (подготовленность к несению службы) сотрудников, в частности, младшего начальствующего состава, особенно впервые поступивших на службу. В завершение статьи предлагаются конкретные меры по совершенствованию профилактической работы с осужденными. Ключевые слова: пенитенциарная преступность, предупредительно-профилактическое воздействие, организация деятельности.
Penitentiary crime is a part of general crime, and its prevention is a part of combating crime in general. However, the preventive effect on convicts in places of deprivation of liberty has certain features due to the penitentiary environment and a special determinative complex. The analysis of criminological sources leads the authors to the conclusion that it is necessary to expand the list of causes and conditions of criminality of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty. In particular, it is proposed to supplement it with miscalculations in the organization of preventive work with convicts, in particular in planning, determining subjects and methods of influence. The article notes that it is the consistent planning of preventive measures – from the Comprehensive Plan of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia to the plan of work with a specific convict, which will allow to achieve continuity in the activities of various subjects of prevention and to develop the optimal direction of work. At the end of the article, specific measures are proposed to improve preventive work with convicts.
PROBLEMS OF CONFISCATION OF LAND PLOTS OBTAINED BY CRIMINAL MEANS
Authors: Адылин Д.М. , Беляков А.В. , Комарова А.А. , Побережная П.В. 
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматриваются проблемные аспекты реализации безвозмездного изъятия имущества на основании обвинительного приговора суда. В частности, авторами исследуется вопрос правового регулирования конфискации земельных участков, приобретенных в ипотеку. Отмечается, что конфискация представляет собой межотраслевой правоприменительный институт, в рамках которого земельный участок принудительно изымается у собственника в рамках санкции за совершенное преступление в предусмотренных законом случаях, например, если должностное лицо, обогатившееся преступным путем, приобрело конфискуемый земельный участок на криминальные доходы, посредством, например, использованияпреступных доходов для оплаты первоначального взноса и последующих регулярных выплат. При этом конфискации подлежат и земельные участки, обремененные ипотекой, в таком случае статус залогодателя переходит к государству. Авторы обращают внимание, что последствия конфискации земельных участков, обремененных залогом, крайне невыгодны для государства, одновременно осужденный фактически освобождается от обязательств перед залогодержателем. Авторы полагают, что требуется принципиально изменить конструкцию конфискации земельных участков, находящихся в залоге, и предусмотреть правило о прекращении залога при конфискации, интересы же залогодержателя должны обеспечиваться посредством взыскания иного имущества осужденного.
The article discusses the problematic aspects of the implementation of the gratuitous seizure of property on the basis of a court conviction. In particular, the authors investigate the issue of legal regulation of confiscation of land plots acquired with a mortgage. It is noted that confiscation is an intersectoral law enforcementinstitution in which a land plot is forcibly seized from the owner as part of a sanction for a crime committed in cases provided for by law, for example, if an official who enriched himself criminally acquired the confiscated land plot for criminal proceeds, through, for example, using criminal proceeds to pay for the initial the contribution and subsequent regular payments. At the same time, land plots encumbered with mortgages are also subject to confiscation, in which case the status of the mortgagor passes to the state. The authors draw attention to the fact that the consequences of confiscation of land plots encumbered with collateral are extremely unprofitable for the state, at the same time, the convicted person is actually released from obligations to the pledgee. The authors believe that it is necessary to fundamentally change the design of confiscation of land plots held in pledge and provide for a rule on termination of pledge during confiscation, while the interests of the pledgee should be ensured by collecting other propertyof the convicted person.
Removing information from working memory with a delay: Effective but not beneficial
Authors: Dames Hannah , Li Chenyu , Frischkorn Gidon T. , Oberauer Klaus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ideally, removing outdated information from working memory (WM) should have two consequences: The removed content should be less accessible (removal costs), and other WM content should benefit from the freeing up of WM capacity (removal benefits). Robust removal benefits and removal costs have been demonstrated when people are told to forget items shortly after they were encoded (immediate removal). However, other studies suggest that people might be unable to selectively remove items from an already encoded set of items (delayed removal). In two experiments (n = 219; n = 241), we investigated the effectiveness and consequences of delayed removal by combining a modified version of Ecker’s et al. (Journal of Memory and Language, 74, 77–90, 2014) letter updating task with a directed-forgetting in WM paradigm. We found that while delayed removal resulted in reduced memory for the to-be-forgotten item-location relations (removal costs), it failed to enhance performance for existing WM content. This contrasts sharply with immediate removal, where removal benefits can be observed. A fine-grained analysis of removal benefits shows that removal from WM proactively facilitates the subsequent encoding of new information but does not retroactively aid stored WM content.