bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter B6 in Megakaryocyte Progenitors Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Murphy Andrew J. , Sarrazy Vincent , Wang Nan , Bijl Nora , Abramowicz Sandra , Westerterp Marit , Welch Carrie B. , Schuetz John D. , Yvan-Charvet Laurent 
Published: February 2014

Objective—
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter B6 (ABCB6) is highly expressed in megakaryocyte progenitors, but its role in platelet production and disease has not been elucidated.

Approach and Results—

Among various ABC transporters, ABCB6 was highly expressed in megakaryocyte progenitors, exhibiting the same pattern of expression of genes involved in heme synthesis pathway. Transplantation of
Abcb6
deficient (
Abcb6
−/−
) bone marrow into low density lipoprotein receptor deficient recipient mice resulted in expansion and proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors, attributable to increased reactive oxygen species production in response to porphyrin loading. The enhanced megakaryopoiesis in
Abcb6
−/−
bone marrow–transplanted mice was further illustrated by increased platelet counts, mean platelet volume, and platelet activity. Platelets from
Abcb6
−/−
bone marrow–transplanted mice had higher levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, which was associated with increased plasma chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 levels. There were also increased platelet–leukocyte aggregates, which resulted in leukocyte activation.
Abcb6
−/−
bone marrow–transplanted mice had accelerated atherosclerosis which was associated with deposition of the chemotactic agent, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 in atherosclerotic plaques, resulting in increased macrophage accumulation.

Conclusions—
Our findings identify a new role of ABCB6 in preventing atherosclerosis development by dampening platelet production, reactivity, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 deposition in atherosclerotic lesions.
Geometrical First Principles in Proclus’ Commentary on the First Book of Euclid’s Elements
Authors: MacIsaac D. Gregory 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn his commentary on Euclid, Proclus says both that the first principle of geometry are self-evident and that they are hypotheses received from the single, highest, unhypothetical science, which is probably dialectic. The implication of this seems to be that a geometer both does and does not know geometrical truths. This dilemma only exists if we assume that Proclus follows Aristotle in his understanding of these terms. This paper shows that this is not the case, and explains what Proclus himself means by definition, hypothesis, axiom, postulate, and the self-evident, and how geometry is a science that receives its principles from dialectic.
On the Alleged Disjunction between Cultural and Darwinian Understandings of Human Kinship
Authors: Shapiro Warren 
Published: February 2014

AbstractVarious anthropologists have alleged that cultural constructions of kinship are at odds with Darwinian understandings of the same phenomena. The argument here is that this is not at all the case if attention is paid to the semantic structure of kinship categories, which reveals that the central members of these categories are indeed close procreative kin. Attention is also drawn to supporting research in cognitive psychology.
A new genus, Kiictenocheloides gen. nov., in the family Ctenocheloidae Sakai, 2011 (superfamily Callianassoidea Dana, 1852) (Decapoda, Pleocyemata)
Authors: Sakai Katsushi 
Published: February 2014

Recently, a new species of the genus Ctenocheloides Anker, 2010, viz., Ctenocheloides nomurai Komai, 2013, was reported from the Kii District (= Arita Bay, Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture), Japan. However, Komai’s species is not to be included in Anker’s genus Ctenocheloides, because of differences at the generic level with the type species of that genus, Ctenocheloides attenboroughi Anker, 2010, and is thus reclassified herein under a new genus, Kiictenocheloides gen. nov. Both genera, Ctenocheloides Anker, 2010 and Kiictenocheloides gen. nov. are also different from Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926, the type genus of the family Ctenochelidae Manning & Felder, 1991, so that the two genera, Ctenocheloides Anker, 2010 and Kiictenocheloides gen. nov. are now included in the family Ctenocheloidae Sakai, 2011.
Levels and Trends of Fertility and Infant Mortality in the West Bank—Palestine
Authors: Jabali Oqab 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study aims at tracing and analyzing the prevailing trends and up-to-date levels of fertility rates, and infant and child mortality, among Palestinians in the occupied territories of the West Bank, depending on recent data from sample surveys conducted in the last two decades. The paper sheds light on the socioeconomic factors besides the medical ones. The findings show that fertility transition is, continuously, in progress; it is considered high compared to other countries, although data of the last decade of the last century revealed that fertility is declining. The researcher also finds that infant and child mortality is declining, despite being high, compared to other countries around the globe. These results may be attributed to improvement in the quality of life, access to medical services, development of health services, and increased health awareness among the population. To attain better results, the researcher calls for improving the quality of care and creating a culture of medical responsibility and accountability among citizens—let alone ending of the long dispute among the major Palestinian factions.
Are the BRICS a Viable Alternative to the West? A Succinct Analysis
Authors: Calderón-Zaks Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this article I briefly examine the perceived role of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—also known as the BRICS—as an alternative to the West in the Global South. Their patterns of development must be placed in the context of the West’s development prior to and during the twentieth century. In fact, the burden of “development” remains on the shoulders of the people on the peripheries of the Americas and Africa.
Engulfed by an Alienated and Threatening Emotional Body: The Essential Meaning Structure of Depression in Women
Authors: Røseth Idun , Binder Per-Einar , Malt Ulrik Fredrik 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with a depressive disorder as men. Before trying to explain this difference, we must first understand how women experience depression. We explore the phenomenon of depression through women’s experiences, using Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological method. An essential meaning structure describes the development of depression: The women find themselves entrapped in a personal mission which had backfired. Motivated by shame and guilt from the past, they overinvest in work or others’ emotions to relieve internal pain. They feel deeply sensitive to, and responsible for, other persons’ distress while ignoring their own feelings and needs. Gradually their emotional body grows awry and acts in increasingly alienating and threatening ways. Ultimately they feel forced to submerge in their emotional body; they succumb to depression. We reflect on this structure on the basis of Minkowski, Scheler, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, and in relation to contemporary research on depression.
The Uneven Representation of Women in Asian Parliaments: Explaining Variation across the Region*
Authors: Joshi Devin K. , Kingma Kara 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Although home to the majority of the world’s women, Asia is the continent with the smallest proportion of women in Parliament. Rarely studied from a comparative perspective, this article examines the uneven representation of women in the lower houses of contemporary Asian parliaments. While socio-economic modernization and industrialization are generally expected to increase the proportion of women in positions of political influence, we find that differences in electoral and party systems across Asia play a greater role than levels of female literacy, urbanization, or per capita income. In particular, Asian parliaments with strict quotas and a higher number of (three of more) major political parties had significantly more female MPs. We also found cultural attitudes supportive of women in the public sphere to make a difference along with multi-member districts and parties on the political left.
Ritualization at Ebla
Authors: Archi Alfonso 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Through ritualization mankind satisfies some of its most profound needs. In 3rd millennium BC Ebla, ritual strategies for survival took a cyclical pattern according to the alternation of the seasons. The major gods were objects of a yearly renewal. The ritual concerning the royal wedding epitomized survival through generations. The royal couple sat on “the thrones of their fathers” in the mausoleum: a ritual which consecrated “a new king, a new queen”. Every year this rite was commemorated on the same month in the same place. The canonical celebrations in the main sanctuaries in the core of the kingdom, organized according to months, ritualized the territory of Ebla itself.
Encountering Jesus at the well: Further reflections on African women’s Christologies
Authors: Stinton Diane B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Under the subtheme of “Christology in the Context of World Christianity,” this article explores recent developments in African women’s Christologies. The aim is twofold: first, to engage critically with the content of these current Christologies, and second, to consider one method for doing contextual theology, namely, the “pastoral circle” or “pastoral cycle.” Its four key dimensions of encounter/insertion, social analysis, theological reflection, and pastoral planning allow a flexible framework for probing the causative factors, the contextual nature, the theological methods, and the central motifs of African women’s Christologies, as well as their contributions to social transformation through the impact of individuals and institutions. The article concludes that interdisciplinary approaches like the pastoral circle, which advocate the integration of biblical, historical, theological and contextual perspectives, hold the greatest potential for constructive Christology today.
Contending with Literalism and Dogma: Caribbean Theology in the Public Sphere
Authors: Soares Judith 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article argues that a liberating Caribbean theology must position itself to provide guidance and direction to the people of the Caribbean as an urgent task by contending, in the public sphere, with the literalism and dogma inherent in Christian fundamentalist theology. By engaging Christian fundamentalism at the level of ideology, Caribbean theology can offer an alternative consciousness through which Caribbean societies can be reshaped in the interest of the social well-being of the peoples of the region.
Cricket in the Caribbean as Theological Practice
Authors: Thomas Oral A. W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the socio-cultural meaning of cricket in the Caribbean, both on and off the field of play, within the context of the social forces at work in the colonial (1492–1838), post-‘emancipation’ (1838–1960) and post-‘independence’ (1960s onwards) periods. Correspondingly, the theological perspectives relative to the social forces at work off the field of play and the style of play on the field are accounted for. Cricket is used here as the cultural symbol of British imperialism in the Caribbean and the impetus for Caribbean people’s quest for self-identity and self-determination.
Why was Ibn Quzmān Not Awarded the Title of “Abū Nuwās of the West?” (‘Zajal 96’, the Poet, and His Critics)
Authors: Monroe James T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAs is the case with many other civilizations, the cultural heartlands of the classical Arab-Islamic world have often tended to be more progressive and innovative than its outlying, marginal regions. The latter, in contrast, have sometimes tended to be more conservative. For this reason, when Ibn Quzmān, in Andalus, raised the native, popular, and colloquialzajalform to a higher literary level than it had previously enjoyed in his homeland, his work found greater acceptance in Baghdad than it did in the far West of the Islamic world. With one notable exception, Andalusi and North African scholars and critics, while they could not categorically deny that poet’s remarkable literary achievements, all tended to downplay them, by highlighting instead, passages from his classical Arabic production in verse and in prose (none of which has survived, aside from the handful of fragments they quote), while at the same time ignoring hiszajals to the best of their ability. Like their Greek predecessors, however, these critics were prescriptive, not descriptive. Thus, they did not possess the adequate vocabulary with which to express their appreciation for, or understanding of, the significance of Ibn Quzmān’s strophic compositions in the colloquial dialect. This article analyses one poem by Ibn Quzmān (Zajal 96), and compares it to a classical composition by Abū Nuwās (the Andalusi poet’s Eastern predecessor and deeply admired literary role model), in an attempt to identify some of those virtues the Maghrebi critics failed to define in his work.
Politics of Religious Schooling: Christian and Muslim Engagements with Education in Africa
Authors: Dilger Hansjörg , Schulz Dorothea 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn recent decades, religiously motivated schools have gained a new social and political presence and significance in many African countries. Although religious networks and organizations—Christian as well as Muslim—have played a central role in providing education in colonial and postcolonial settings, liberalization and privatization measures since the 1980s have opened up new opportunities for religious engagement at all educational levels. The contributions to this issue explore the implications of these recent transformations on Christian and Muslim investments in the educational domain. To do so, they examine these implications in view of reconfigurations of national and regional educational fields under the influence of colonial and postcolonial administrations. Furthermore, they address the multiple, often-contested meanings, practices, and institutional setups that have shaped and been constituted by, the field of ‘religious schooling’ in the context of both neoliberal reform measures and transnational religious renewal trends. Finally, they illustrate the need to adopt an increasingly comparative perspective in the analysis of religious education, and to understand how (internally differentiated) instances of Christian and Muslim education have developed historically in relation to each other.
Sleeping with Elephants
Authors: Hughes Aaron W. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
NAASR faces an existential dilemma. It is currently caught between the desire for greater numbers and panels that take place at the Annual Meeting of the AAR on the one hand, and the idea of a more exclusive group that focuses solely on historical and scientific analysis on the other. This paper argues that the future of NAASR resides in the latter option as opposed to the former. It even goes a step further and argues that NAASR should—intellectually, if not logistically—split from the AAR because as things currently stand the AAR defines the parameters of the conversation: NAASR, by default, becomes that which the AAR is not. However, in so doing, NAASR still defines itself using the discourses and categories of the AAR. NAASR’s physical departure from the AAR would provide it with the intellectual space necessary for further growth and reflection on things theoretical and methodological.
Why is Religion Characterized by Excess and Non-Functionality?
Authors: Schjoedt Uffe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe excess and non-functionality of religious practices appear designed to exploit the psychological effects of loss aversion and effort justification in individuals. Collective rituals, for example, include features that seem to maximize these effects inducing pure waste states in its practitioners. I argue that these psychological effects provide Wiebe with a proximate mechanism specific to religion that explains why religion may be particularly effective in building distinct groups. I propose, however, that religion may originally have developed as a technology that exploits loss aversion and effort justification in individuals to recycle their wasted efforts through narratives about gods and magical causation. This recycling technology may, at a later stage, have developed into institutionalized religion which exploits the same psychological effects of loss aversion and effort justification but for social functional purposes. Whether this later development was caused by a growing need for hazard precaution is an open question.
Recourse to the “Futility Exception” within the ICSID System: Reflections on Recent Developments of the Local Remedies Rule
Authors: D’Agnone Giulia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article addresses the controversial issue of investors’ non-compliance with the eighteen-month litigation prerequisite often included in investment treaties. In particular, it focuses on two recent decisions which inaugurated a different approach to the domestic remedies rule. It primarily analyzes the traditional method used by ICSID tribunals to tackle the domestic remedies rule, by making reference to the applicability of the MFN clause to dispute resolution provisions. It therefore focuses on the different reasoning followed by the Abaclat and the Ambiente Ufficio tribunals, underlining the shortcomings connected to that reasoning. Specifically, it demonstrates that the analogy with diplomatic protection made by the latter tribunal is questionable. Finally, it analyzes the policy rationale common to both the traditional approach and the one used in the Abaclat and Ambiente Ufficio cases, which seems to be aimed at extending the jurisdiction of the Centre.
Śiva or Brahma? The “Masque Court” at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
Authors: Falk Harry 
Published: February 2014

A number of “masks” cast in metal are known from the North-West, particularly Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. They are not used as theatre masks, they lack openings for view or speech, and are found in temples fixed to a wall. One, found near Peshawar in Gandhara is conspicuous by its artistic beauty. It is inscribed on its lower rim; both script and style allow to date it in the middle or late Gupta period. The inscription has been read and interpreted by G. Fussman, who assumed that some of his readings would need revision. A new reading is proposed and discussed here, as it admits of two rather divergent interpretations.
Qi-Transformation and the Steam Engine The Incorporation of Western Anatomy and Re-Conceptualisation of the Body in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Medicine
Authors: Lei Sean Hsiang-lin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTang Zonghai (1851–1908), the widely acclaimed proponent of medical eclecticism in the late Qing period, invented the famous formula: ‘Western medicine is good at anatomy; Chinese medicine is good atqi-transformation.’ While it is well-known that Tang coined the concept ofqihua氣化 (qi-transformation) and thereby created a long-lasting dichotomy between Chinese and Western medicine, it is little known that Tang’s conception ofqi-transformation was built upon, and therefore heavily influenced by, a newly-imported technology from the West, namely the steam engine.Based on this surprising discovery, this article intends to make three interrelated arguments. First, Tang Zonghai drew on the newly invented model of the steam engine and the related concept of steam to create a new understanding ofqi-transformation in the human body. Second, this new understanding ofqienabled him to reform Chinese medicine by incorporating the new knowledge and visual illustrations of Western anatomy, most notably the illustration of the peritoneum fromGray’s Anatomyand the existence of the ureters. And third, in the dual process of developing the new understanding ofqi-transformation and incorporating Western anatomy into Chinese medical doctrines, Tang radically re-conceptualised and re-visualised the body of Chinese medicine, especially the three interrelated organs of the bladder, the Triple Burner, and the kidney. Instead of creating an invisible and immaterial world ofqi-transformation in opposition to the materialism of Western anatomy, Tang made his conception ofqi-transformation instrumental for the incorporation of Western anatomy into Chinese medical doctrines. With the help of this new understanding ofqias steam, Tang systematically responded to the criticisms raised by Benjamin Hobson and Wang Qingren, formally starting the difficult and problematic process of (re)-visualising the Chinese medical body.
On the History of the Murals in the Medical College at Labrang Monastery
Authors: Sabernig Katharina Anna 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the inner courtyard of the medical college at Labrang Monastery the visitor finds 19 murals depicting the contents of the first two parts of theFour Tantras(Gyüshi), the well-known treatise on Tibetan medicine. The origins of these murals raise questions about a number of substantial differences in style and structure of the ‘tree metaphor’ that exist between them and the famous medical thangka illustrations based on the important commentary on theGyüshi, theBlue Beryl.The physician and teacher Tsangmen Yéshé Zangpo was the first principal of the medical college at Labrang Monastery. But whether he also created this particular tree metaphor on the murals at Labrang is uncertain. A text written by the Lhasa-based scholar, Lozang Chödrak, explains the structure of the second part of theGyüshiin such a similar way, that it can be concluded that his written instructions served as the template for the Labrang murals. This reveals that the design of the mural paintings, which have been repainted at least two times, can be dated back to the beginnings of the first medical college at Chakpori.1
Concepts, History and the Game of Giving and Asking for Reasons: A Defense of Conceptual History
Authors: Goering D. Timothy 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article offers a defense of the theoretical foundations of Conceptual History (Begriffsgeschichte). While Conceptual History has successfully established itself as an historical discipline, details in the philosophy of language that underpin Conceptual History continue to be opaque. Specifically the definition of what constitutes a “basic concept” (Grundbegriff) remains problematic. Reinhart Koselleck famously claimed that basic concepts are “more than words,” but he never spelled out how these abstract entities relate to words or can be subject to semantic transformation. I argue that to clarify the definition of what constitutes a basic concept we should turn to the functionalist and inferentialist philosophy of Wilfrid Sellars. By viewing historical sources as partaking in what Sellars calls the ‘game of giving and asking for reasons,’ Conceptual History can accurately trace the semantic changes of basic concepts and thus offer an important tool to the historical discipline.
Ship Timber and the Reuse of Wood in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Creasman Pearce Paul 
Published: February 2014

AbstractReuse of materials in ancient Egypt is neither a new nor novel concept. The ancient Egyptians reused a variety of materials and certainly any resource that had spiritual, ideological, or economic value that was available to them. Yet, reuse of certain raw materials has not been thoroughly examined, notably timber. This manuscript explores the modes, preferences and implications of wood use, specifically reuse, in Egypt’s Pharaonic Period, using ship timber as the illustrative example. This synthesis suggests specific preferences for commodity consumption and conservation existed, revealing cultural and behavioral trends.