bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An additional cause of health care disparities: the variable clinical decisions of primary care doctors
Authors: McKinlay John , Piccolo Rebecca , Marceau Lisa 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRationaleaims and objectivesDecades of work on health disparities have culminated in identification of three contributors to variability in diagnosis and management of disease: (i) patient attributes; (ii) doctor's characteristics; and (iii) organizational factors. Understanding the relative influence of different contributors to variability in diagnosis and management of diabetes is important to improving quality and reducing disparities. This study was designed to examine the influence of patient, provider and organizational factors on the diagnosis and management of a major chronic disease – diabetes.MethodA factorial experiment using video vignettes was conducted among n = 192 primary care doctors. Doctors were interviewed after viewing vignettes of (1) a ‘patient’ with symptoms strongly suggestive of diabetes and (2) an already diagnosed diabetes ‘patient’ with emerging peripheral neuropathy.ResultsA total of 60.9% of doctors identified diabetes as the correct diagnosis, with significant variations depending on the patients’ race/ethnicity. Many doctors offered competing diagnoses with high levels of certainty. For the ‘patient’ with emerging peripheral neuropathy, 42.2% of doctors would do all essential components of a foot examination, while 21.9% would do none.ConclusionsThat half of all diabetes in the United States remains undiagnosed is unsurprising given only 60.9% of doctors would diagnose it when the condition is strongly suggested, and nearly one‐quarter suspecting diabetes would not order tests necessary to confirm it. The diagnosis of diabetes is significantly influenced by a patient's race/ethnicity, and clinical management (specifically for foot neuropathy) is influenced by patient socio‐economic status (SES), doctor's gender and access to clinical guidelines.
Comparison of outcomes between endoscopic ultrasound‐guided transcolonic and transrectal drainage of abdominopelvic abscesses
Authors: Ramesh Jayapal , Bang Ji Young , Trevino Jessica , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundTransrectal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided pelvic abscess drainage has been reported, but data on transcolonic drainage are scant.AimTo compare outcomes in patients undergoing transcolonic and transrectal drainage of abdominopelvic abscesses.MethodsRetrospective study of all patients who underwent EUS‐guided drainage of abdominopelvic abscesses over a 7‐year period. Abscesses were drained by a standard single‐step EUS‐guided technique with deployment of double‐pigtail stents ± catheters. Technical success was defined as successful placement of stents or drainage catheters within the abscess cavity. Treatment success was defined as resolution of abscess on follow‐up computed tomography at 2 weeks with symptom improvement.ResultsOf 38 patients, 11 underwent transcolonic and 27 transrectal drainages. There was no difference in patient demographics, laboratory values, and median abscess size (65 vs 70 mm, P = 0.85) between the two cohorts. Etiology of abscess was postsurgical in 65.7%, diverticulitis in 13.1%, perforated viscus in 10.5%, and other causes in 10.5%. There was no difference in rates of technical success (100% in each cohort), treatment success (70% vs 96.3%, P = 0.052), or complications (none). Three patients in the transcolonic and one in the transrectal cohort underwent surgery for failed endoscopic drainage (27.3% vs 3.7%, P = 0.06). When evaluated by etiology, treatment success for diverticular abscess was significantly lower compared with others (25% vs 97%, P = 0.002). At a median follow‐up of 1228.5 days (interquartile range = 131–1660), all patients with treatment success were doing well with no recurrence.ConclusionExcept for patients with diverticular etiology, treatment of abdominopelvic abscess under EUS guidance is highly effective and safe for both routes.
Association of cyclin D and estrogen receptor α36 with hepatocellular adenomas of female mice under chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Lau Mo Yin , Han Hui , Hu Jay , Ji Cheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign tumors that can lead to medical complications. Chronic inflammation and mutations in β‐catenin, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α, or glycoprotein 130 are potential causes for human HCA. However, additional causes may exist due to heterogeneity of HCA. We investigated whether HCA are caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.MethodsMice with a liver‐specific deletion of the major chaperone BiP (LGKO) were used. Liver tumor occurrence was examined in LGKO with or without feeding of a high‐fat diet (HFD) and characterized with immunohistochemistry with molecular markers of proliferation/malignancy. Molecular changes were analyzed with immunoblotting.ResultsSpontaneous monoclonal liver tumors were observed in 34% of LGKO females with constitutive hepatic ER stress. Lack of portal tracks or central veins, dilated sinusoidal spaces, hemorrhagic areas, active proliferation, and lipid deposits were observed in the liver tumors. HFD feeding induced multiclonal liver tumors in 83% of the LGKO females versus 0 in wild‐type females. Hepatocytes reactive to antiglypican 3 antibodies were detected in the HFD‐induced, but not spontaneous, tumors. In the liver tumors, inhibition of cyclin D and increase of the 36 kD estrogen receptor variant (estrogen receptor α36), active transcription activator 4/6, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 were detected, whereas no change of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α, β‐catenin, p‐53, androgen receptor α, or estrogen receptor α was detected. HFD activated Janus kinase and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3.ConclusionsOur evidence supports a novel link of HCA with ER stress and altered expression of cyclin D and estrogen receptor α36. Additional stress such as HFD may promote malignant transformation of HCA through the Janus kinase‐signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway.
Prevalence of inherited antithrombin, protein C, and protein S deficiencies in portal vein system thrombosis and Budd‐Chiari syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Qi Xingshun , De Stefano Valerio , Wang Juan , Bai Ming , Yang Zhiping , Han Guohong , Fan Daiming 
Published: December 2012

AbstactBackground and AimThe prevalence of inherited antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) deficiencies in portal vein system thrombosis (PVST) and Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) are substantially varied in different studies. No quantitative syntheses of these studies have been performed. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to examine the prevalence of inherited AT, PC, and PS deficiencies in these patients and to compare the prevalence with healthy subjects.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were employed to identify all studies in which inherited AT, PC, and PS deficiencies in PVST and/or BCS were evaluated by family study or gene analysis. Prevalence and odds ratios of these inherited deficiencies were pooled; heterogeneity among studies was evaluated.ResultsNine studies were included in our meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of inherited AT, PC, and PS deficiencies were 3.9%, 5.6%, and 2.6% in PVST, and 2.3%, 3.8%, and 3.0% in BCS, respectively. Heterogeneity among studies was not significant except for the analysis of inherited PC deficiency in BCS. Three studies compared the prevalence of these inherited deficiencies between PVST patients and healthy subjects. The pooled odds ratios of inherited AT, PC, and PS deficiencies for PVST patients were 8.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34–33.72, P = 0.0011), 17.63 (95% CI 1.97–158.21, P = 0.0032), and 8.00 (95% CI 1.61–39.86, P = 0.011), respectively. Only one study demonstrated that no inherited deficiency was found in both BCS patients and healthy subjects.ConclusionsInherited AT, PC, and PS deficiencies are rare in PVST and BCS. These inherited deficiencies increase the risk of PVST.
Large primary hepatocellular carcinoma: Transarterial chemoembolization monotherapy versus combined transarterial chemoembolization‐percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy
Authors: Xu Lin‐Feng , Sun Hong‐Liang , Chen Yao‐Ting , Ni Jia‐Yan , Chen Dong , Luo Jiang‐Hong , Zhou Jing‐Xing , Hu Ren‐Mei , Tan Qi‐Yun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and AimTo evaluate the clinical benefits of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) monotherapy or TACE combined with percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) and the long‐term survival rate of patients with large primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with these techniques.MethodsThis is a retrospective study involving 136 patients with unresectable large HCC (189 tumor nodules, ≥ 5.0 cm in diameter) admitted to Sun Yat‐Sen University Memorial Hospital (Guangzhou, China) between January 2004 and December 2011. The median follow‐up time was 41 months (range, 6–96 months). Of these patients, 80 patients received TACE monotherapy and 56 patients received TACE combined with PMCT. The median interval between treatments and overall survival (OS) were hierarchically analyzed using log–rank tests.ResultsAll patients successfully underwent TACE alone or TACE with PMCT with no serious complications. The median survival time was 13 months (range, 3–84 months) for the TACE group and 25 months (range, 7–96 months) for the TACE‐PMCT group. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year OS rates were 62.5%, 17.5%, and 5.0% in the TACE group, respectively. In contrast, in the TACE‐PMCT group, the 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year OS rates were 87.5%, 50.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. This difference was statistically significant between the groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsTACE combined with PMCT had advantages in prolonging OS with satisfying time to progression and improving liver function in patients with large unresectable HCC. The results suggest that further prospective studies are required to confirm the findings of this study.
Petrological and zircon evidence for anatexis of UHP quartzite during continental collision in the Sulu orogen
Authors: Chen Y.‐X. , Zheng Y.‐F. , Hu Z. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPetrological evidence is provided for anatexis of ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic quartzite in the Sulu orogen. Some feldspar grains exhibit elongated, highly cuspate shapes or occur as interstitial, cuspate phases constituting interconnected networks along grain boundaries. Elongated veinlets composed of plagioclase + quartz ± K‐feldspar also occur in grain boundaries. These features provide compelling evidence for anatexis of the UHP quartzite. Zircon grains from impure quartzite are all metamorphic growth with highly irregular shape. They contain inclusions of coesite, jadeite, rutile and lower pressure minerals, including multiphase solid inclusions that are composed of two or more phases of muscovite, quartz, K‐feldspar and plagioclase. All zircon grains exhibit steep REE patterns, similar U–Pb ages and Hf isotope compositions with a weighted mean of 218 ± 2 Ma. Most grains have similar δ18O values of −0.6 to 0.1‰, but a few fall in the range −5.2 to −4.3‰. Thus, these grains would have grown from anatectic melts at various pressures. Zircon O isotope differences indicate that anatectic melts were derived from different sources with contrasting O isotopes, but similar Hf isotopes, that is, one from the quartzite itself and the other probably from the country‐rock granitic gneiss. Zircon grains from pure quartzite contain relict magmatic cores and significant metamorphic overgrowths. Domains that contain eclogite facies minerals exhibit flat HREE patterns, no Eu anomalies and concordant U–Pb ages of c. 220 Ma. Similar U–Pb ages are also obtained for domains that contain lower pressure minerals and exhibit steep REE patterns and marked negative Eu anomalies. These observations indicate that zircon records subsolidus overgrowth at eclogite facies conditions but suprasolidus growth at lower pressures. Zircon enclosed by garnet gave consistent U–Pb ages of c. 214 Ma. Such garnet is interpreted as a peritectic product of the anatectic reaction that involves felsic minerals and possibly amphibole and titanite. The REE patterns of epidote and titanite also record multistage growth and metasomatism by anatectic melts. Therefore, the anatexis of UHP metamorphic rocks is evident during continental collision in the Triassic.
An Initial Lexicon for Sensory Properties of Dry Dog Food
Authors: Di Donfrancesco B. , Koppel K. , Chambers E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA sensory lexicon for human description of the flavor, aroma, texture and appearance characteristics of dry dog food was developed using a consensus profile method. Twenty‐one products, available in the U.S. market, were studied. A five‐member highly trained descriptive sensory panel identified, defined and referenced more than 70 sensory attributes for this product category. The lexicon established included attributes common to most of the samples such as barnyard, brothy, brown, grain, soy, vitamin, off‐flavors oxidized oil, cardboard and stale, and attributes appropriate for only a few products such as liver, fish, burnt, spice brown, garlic, celery, clove and smoky. The product category often showed a blended sensory profile and overall impact was evaluated to better discriminate among the products.Practical ApplicationsOne of the most competitive and economically relevant industries of food processing is pet food production. Although there are physiological sensory differences among Canis familiaris and Homo sapiens, human sensory data can be useful for several purposes. This research provides a lexicon that can be used as a starting point to describe the appearance, texture, aroma and flavor characteristics of dry dog food products when such information is needed for quality control, shelf life, product development or claims substantiation. This information is useful to product developers, researchers and technologists in understanding these characteristics and using those attributes to improve dry dog food products.
Violence experienced by nurses at six university hospitals in Turkey
Authors: Ünsal Atan Ş. , Baysan Arabaci L. , Sirin A. , Isler A. , Donmez S. , Unsal Guler M. , Oflaz U. , Yalcinkaya Ozdemir G. , Yazar Tasbasi F. 
Published: December 2012

Accessible summary

Nurses in Turkey are subjected to verbal and/or physical violence from patients, visitors and health staff.

However, nurses are not effectively attempting to stop the process of violence.

The data obtained in the study will lead to improved awareness and understanding of this important issue among nurses.
AbstractThis research was conducted to analyse the violence experienced by nurses employed at six university hospitals. A descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted. The research sample consisted of 441 nurses who worked in the emergency, intensive care and psychiatry units of six university hospitals in Turkey between June 2008 and June 2009 and who voluntarily agreed to participate. It was found that 60.8% of the nurses were subjected to verbal violence and/or physical violence from patients, visitors or health staff. Of the nurses who were subjected to workplace violence, 42.9% stated that their experience of verbal and/or physical violence had a negative impact on their physical and/or psychological health, and 42.9% stated that their work performance was negatively affected. Of these nurses, 1.8% stated that they received professional help, 13.6% stated that a report was made and 9.5% stated that they contacted the hospital police in some way. According to the findings of this research, similar to the situation worldwide, nurses in Turkey are subjected to verbal and/or physical violence from patients, visitors and health staff.
Effect of non‐starch‐polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes as feed additive on the rumen bacterial population in non‐lactating cows quantified by real‐time PCR
Authors: Zeitz J. O. , Guertler P. , Pfaffl M. W. , Eisenreich R. , Wiedemann S. , Schwarz F. J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe effects of non‐starch‐polysaccharide‐degrading enzymes, added to a maize silage‐ and grass silage‐based total mixed ration (TMR) at least 14 h before feeding, on the rumen bacterial population were investigated. Six non‐lactating Holstein Friesian cows were allocated to three treatment groups using a duplicate 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 31‐day periods (29 days of adaptation and 2 days of sampling). Treatments were control TMR [69% forage and 31% concentrates on a dry matter (DM) basis] or TMR with 13.8 or 27.7 ml/kg of feed DM of Roxazyme G2 liquid with activities (U/ml enzyme preparation) of xylanase 260 000, β‐glucanase 180 000 and cellulase 8000 (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland). The concentrations of 16S rDNA of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Selenomonas ruminantium and Treponema bryantii, and their relative percentage of total bacteria in rumen samples obtained before feeding and 3 and 7 h after feeding and from two rumen fractions were determined using real‐time PCR. Sampling time had only little influence, but bacterial numbers and the composition of the population differed between the transition layer between rumen fluid and the fibre mat (fraction A) and the rumen fluid (fraction B) highlighting the importance to standardize sampling. The 16S rDNA copies of total bacteria and the six bacterial species as well as the population composition were mainly unaffected by the high levels of exogenous enzymes supplemented at all sampling times and in both rumen fractions. Occasionally, the percentages of the non‐fibrolytic species P. ruminicola and A. lipolytica changed in response to enzyme supplementation. Some increases in the potential degradability of the diet and decreases in lag time which occurred collaterally indicate that other factors than changes in numbers of non‐particle‐associated bacteria are mainly responsible for the effects of exogenous enzymes.
Hybridogenesis through thelytokous parthenogenesis in twoCataglyphisdesert ants
Authors: Eyer P. A. , Leniaud L. , Darras H. , Aron S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHybridogenesis is a sexual reproductive system, whereby parents from different genetic origin hybridize. Both the maternal and paternal genomes are expressed in somatic tissues, but the paternal genome is systematically excluded from the germ line, which is therefore purely maternal. Recently, a unique case of hybridogenesis at a social level was reported in the desert antCataglyphis hispanica. All workers are sexually produced hybridogens, whereas sexual forms (new queens and males) are produced by queens through parthenogenesis. Thus, only maternal genes are perpetuated across generations. Here, we show that such an unusual reproductive strategy also evolved in two other species ofCataglyphisbelonging to the same phylogenetic group,Cataglyphis veloxandCataglyphis mauritanica. In both species, queens mate exclusively with males originating from a different genetic lineage than their own to produce hybrid workers, while they use parthenogenesis to produce the male and female reproductive castes. In contrast to single‐queen colonies ofC. hispanica, colonies ofC. veloxandC. mauritanicaare headed by several queens. Most queens within colonies share the same multilocus genotype and never transmit their mates' alleles to the reproductive castes. Social hybridogenesis in the desert ants has direct consequences on the genetic variability of populations and on caste determination. We also discuss the maintenance of this reproductive strategy within the genusCataglyphis.
Person‐centred care in nursing documentation
Authors: Broderick Margaret C. , Coffey Alice 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesTo explore nursing documentation in long‐term care, to determine whether it reflected a person‐centred approach to care and to describe aspects of PCC as they appeared in nursing records.BackgroundDocumentation is an essential part of nursing. It provides evidence that care has been carried out and contains important information to enhance the quality and continuity of care. Person‐centred care (PCC) is an approach to care that is underpinned by mutual respect and the development of a therapeutic relationship between the patient and nurse. It is a core principle in standards for residential care settings for older people and is beneficial for both patients and staff (International Practice Development in Nursing and Healthcare, Chichester, Blackwell, 2008 and The Implementation of a Model of Person‐Centred Practice in Older Person Settings, Dublin, Health Service Executive, 2010a). However, the literature suggests a lack of person‐centredness within nursing documentation (International Journal of Older People Nursing 2, 2007, 263 and The Implementation of a Model of Person‐Centred Practice in Older Person Settings, Dublin, Health Service Executive, 2010a).MethodA qualitative descriptive study using the PCN framework (Person‐centred Nursing; Theory and Practice, Oxford, Wiley‐Blackwell, 2010) as the context through which nursing assessments and care plans were explored.ResultsFindings indicated that many nursing records were incomplete, and information regarding psychosocial aspects of care was infrequent. There was evidence that nurses engaged with residents and worked with their beliefs and values. However, nursing documentation was not completed in consultation with the patient, and there was little to suggest that patients were involved in decisions relating to their care.Implications for practiceThe structure of nursing documentation can be a major obstacle to the recording of PCC and appropriate care planning. Documentation that is focused on the ‘person’ will contribute to a more meaningful relationship between nurses and residents.