bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vectored dispersal of Symbiodinium by larvae of a Caribbean gorgonian octocoral
Authors: Wirshing Herman H. , Feldheim Kevin A. , Baker Andrew C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe ability of coral reefs to recover from natural and anthropogenic disturbance is difficult to predict, in part due to uncertainty regarding the dispersal capabilities and connectivity of their reef inhabitants. We developed microsatellite markers for the broadcast spawning gorgonian octocoral Eunicea (Plexaura) flexuosa (four markers) and its dinoflagellate symbiont, Symbiodinium B1 (five markers), and used them to assess genetic connectivity, specificity and directionality of gene flow among sites in Florida, Panama, Saba and the Dominican Republic. Bayesian analyses found that most E. flexuosa from the Florida reef tract, Saba and the Dominican Republic were strongly differentiated from many E. flexuosa in Panama, with the exception of five colonies from Key West that clustered with colonies from Panama. In contrast, Symbiodinium B1 was more highly structured. At least seven populations were detected that showed patterns of isolation by distance. The symbionts in the five unusual Key West colonies also clustered with symbionts from Panama, suggesting these colonies are the result of long‐distance dispersal. Migration rate tests indicated a weak signal of northward immigration from the Panama population into the lower Florida Keys. As E. flexuosa clonemates only rarely associated with the same Symbiodinium B1 genotype (and vice versa), these data suggest a dynamic host–symbiont relationship in which E. flexuosa is relatively well dispersed but likely acquires Symbiodinium B1 from highly structured natal areas prior to dispersal. Once vectored by host larvae, these symbionts may then spread through the local population, and/or host colonies may acquire different local symbiont genotypes over time.
TheParthenonMarbles as icons of nationalism in nineteenth‐centuryBritain
Authors: Rose‐Greenland Fiona 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTheories of nationalism place native culture at the core of national self‐fashioning. What explains a state's adoption of foreign objects to sustain national identity? In this paper,Iargue that the incorporation of theParthenonMarbles intoBritish public life is an early example of supranational nationalism. The nineteenth‐century ‘art race’ was a competitive field in whichEuropean nation‐states vied for prestige. Of the thousands of art trophies that were brought toBritain fromMediterranean andNorthAfrican countries, theParthenonMarbles were uniquely iconicised. Using data from period newspapers and official documents,Iassert that this was because they were assiduously presented asprenational byBritish authorities. In this way, they belonged simultaneously to no nation, to every nation, and toBritain. The case demonstrates the emergence of a particular form of national distinctiveness that transcended the smallness of particularity and rose to the level of universal civilisation.
Measurement of esophago‐gastric junction cross‐sectional area and distensibility by an endolumenal functional lumen imaging probe for the diagnosis of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease
Authors: Tucker E. , Sweis R. , Anggiansah A. , Wong T. , Telakis E. , Knowles K. , Wright J. , Fox M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of esophago‐gastric junction (EGJ) cross‐sectional area (CSA) and distensibility by an Endolumenal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP®) may distinguish between gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients and healthy volunteers (HV). We aimed to assess the agreement of EndoFLIP® measurements with clinical and physiologic diagnosis of GERD.MethodsTwenty‐one HV and 18 patients with typical GERD symptoms were studied. After gastroscopy, EGJ CSA, and distensibility were measured by EndoFLIP®. Forty‐eight hour esophageal pH monitoring was then performed by a wireless system. The ability of EndoFLIP® to discriminate GERD patient and HVs was assessed. Planned secondary analysis then assessed whether EGJ CSA and distensibility were increased in individuals with pathologic acid exposure.Key ResultsHealthy volunteers were younger and had lower body mass index (BMI; both p < 0.001). Pathologic acid exposure was present in 3/21 (14%) HVs and 9/18 (50%) patients (p = 0.126). At 30 mL EndoFLIP® bag volume, EGJ CSA was higher (p = 0.058) and EGJ distensibility was lower (p = 0.020) in HVs than patients. Secondary analysis showed that EGJ measurements were similar in participants with and without pathologic acid exposure (CSA 98 mm2 vs 107 mm2; p = 0.789, distensibility; p = 0.704). An inverse association between BMI and CSA (R2 = 0.2758, p = 0.001) and distensibility (R2 = 0.2005, p = 0.005) was present.Conclusions & InferencesEndolumenal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe is not useful for GERD diagnosis because EGJ CSA and distensibility do not distinguish between HVs and GERD patients defined by clinical presentation or pH measurement. This unexpected result may be due to an important, confounding interaction of obesity.
Age, allocation and availability of nonstructural carbon in mature red maple trees
Authors: Carbone Mariah S. , Czimczik Claudia I. , Keenan Trevor F. , Murakami Paula F. , Pederson Neil , Schaberg Paul G. , Xu Xiaomei , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

The allocation of nonstructural carbon (NSC) to growth, metabolism and storage remains poorly understood, but is critical for the prediction of stress tolerance and mortality.

We used the radiocarbon (14C) ‘bomb spike’ as a tracer of substrate and age of carbon in stemwood NSC, CO2 emitted by stems, tree ring cellulose and stump sprouts regenerated following harvesting in mature red maple trees. We addressed the following questions: which factors influence the age of stemwood NSC?; to what extent is stored vs new NSC used for metabolism and growth?; and, is older, stored NSC available for use?

The mean age of extracted stemwood NSC was 10 yr. More vigorous trees had both larger and younger stemwood NSC pools. NSC used to support metabolism (stem CO2) was 1–2 yr old in spring before leaves emerged, but reflected current‐year photosynthetic products in late summer. The tree ring cellulose 14C age was 0.9 yr older than direct ring counts. Stump sprouts were formed from NSC up to 17 yr old.

Thus, younger NSC is preferentially used for growth and day‐to‐day metabolic demands. More recently stored NSC contributes to annual ring growth and metabolism in the dormant season, yet decade‐old and older NSC is accessible for regrowth.
The WHO surgical safety checklist in a dental‐teaching hospital department of oral surgery – a model for implementation
Authors: Fyfe E. , Fleming C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organisation's (WHO) surgical safety checklist was introduced in 2008. We describe a model for implementation of the surgical safety checklist in an oral surgery‐teaching department and present the results of an audit of compliance as well as a review of relevant critical incidents.MethodAn adapted checklist for all surgical procedures was developed and introduced into our oral surgery‐teaching department as a pilot in 2009 and as a protocol in 2010. Feedback regarding the pilot phase of checklist implementation was obtained from clinical staff, and 2 years of audit data relating to compliance with the surgical checklist was collected. Submissions of critical incidents over a 4‐year period, prior to and after surgical checklist introduction, were also analysed.ResultsFeedback in the pilot phase of surgical checklist implementation from clinical staff was generally positive. Audit results display increasing levels of compliance with the checklist process in our unit. Two out of 102 critical incident reports reviewed were found to be relevant to the surgical checklist process and are presented.ConclusionThe WHO surgical safety checklist can be successfully implemented in an oral surgery‐teaching hospital setting. Levels of compliance with the checklist in our unit are high. Demonstrating an improvement in outcomes since the introduction of the checklist is a challenge, but there is limited evidence of improved patient care from reviewing critical incident data in our unit.
The Arabidopsis lectin receptor kinase LecRK‐I.9 enhances resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Solanaceous plants
Authors: Bouwmeester Klaas , Han Miao , Blanco‐Portales Rosario , Song Wei , Weide Rob , Guo Li‐Yun , van der Vossen Edwin A.G. , Govers Francine 
Published: August 2013

SummaryLate blight caused by the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora infestans is known as one of the most destructive potato diseases. Plant breeders tend to employ NB‐LRR‐based resistance for introducing genetically controlled late blight resistance in their breeding lines. However, P. infestans is able to rapidly escape this type of resistance, and hence, NB‐LRR‐based resistance in potato cultivars is often not durable. Previously, we identified a novel type of Phytophthora resistance in Arabidopsis. This resistance is mediated by the cell surface receptor LecRK‐I.9, which belongs to the family of L‐type lectin receptor kinases. In this study, we report that expression of the Arabidopsis LecRK‐I.9 gene in potato and Nicotiana benthamiana results in significantly enhanced late blight resistance. Transcriptional profiling showed strong reduction in salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated defence gene expression in LecRK‐I.9 transgenic potato lines (TPLs). In contrast, transcripts of two protease inhibitor genes accumulated to extreme high levels, suggesting that LecRK‐I.9‐mediated late blight resistance is relying on a defence response that includes activation of protease inhibitors. These results demonstrate that the functionality of LecRK‐I.9 in Phytophthora resistance is maintained after interfamily transfer to potato and N. benthamiana and suggest that this novel type of LecRK‐based resistance can be exploited in breeding strategies to improve durable late blight resistance in Solanaceous crops.
The epithelium specific cell cycle regulator 14‐3‐3sigma is required for preventing entry into mitosis following ultraviolet B
Authors: Vogel Sandra , Herzinger Thomas 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundDeoxyribonucleic acid damage activates cell cycle checkpoints in order to maintain genomic stability. We assessed the role of different checkpoint genes in response to ultraviolet B irradiation.MethodsCell lines expressing a dominant negative mutant of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (Atr) protein or overexpressing Cdc25A, cells deficient for 14‐3‐3σ, Nijmegen breakage syndrome (Nbs), or Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm) were treated with ultraviolet B (UVB) and harvested after 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h for analysis by flow cytometry.ResultsFunctional loss of Atm, Atr, or Nbs did not result in a significant alteration of the cell cycle profile. Overexpression of Cdc25A led to a delayed arrest at the G1/S transition in response to low doses of UVB. Loss of 14‐3‐3σ, a negative cell cycle regulator and downstream target of p53, caused a transient arrest at the G2/M boundary.ConclusionsLoss of 14‐3‐3σ sensitizes cells to UVB. After a transient cell cycle arrest, 14‐3‐3σ‐deficient cells die by undergoing mitotic catastrophe. Cdc25A overexpression causes a delayed arrest in response to low doses of UVB. After higher doses, Cdc25A is no longer able to overrun the checkpoint. Atm, Atr, or Nbs are not essential for the checkpoint response to UVB, suggesting the existence of redundant signaling pathways.
The behavioral impact of baroreflex function: A review
Authors: Duschek Stefan , Werner Natalie S. , Reyes del Paso Gustavo A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe baroreflex consists of a negative feedback loop adjusting heart activity to blood pressure fluctuations. This review is concerned with interactions between baroreflex function and behavior. In addition to changes in baroreflex cardiac control subject to behavioral manipulations, interindividual differences in reflex function predicted psychological and central nervous features. The sensitivity of the reflex was inversely related to cognitive performance, evoked potential amplitudes, experimental pain sensitivity, and the severity of clinical pain. Possible variables moderating the strength of the associations are tonic blood pressure, gender, and psychiatric disease. It is suggested that these observations reflect inhibition of higher brain function by baroreceptor afferents. While in many cases increased baroreflex function implies stronger inhibition, individual and situational factors modulate the behavioral impact of cardiac regulation.
Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)
Authors: DIJKSTRA KLAAS‐DOUWE B. , KALKMAN VINCENT J. , DOW RORY A. , STOKVIS FRANK R. , VAN TOL JAN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn extensive molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the suborder Zygoptera of the Odonata is presented, based on mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear (28S) data of 59% of the 310 genera recognized and all (suspected) families except the monotypic Hemiphlebiidae. A partial reclassification is proposed, incorporating morphological characters. Many traditional families are recovered as monophyletic, but reorganization of the superfamily Coenagrionoidea into three families is proposed: Isostictidae, Platycnemididae and Coenagrionidae. Archboldargia Lieftinck, Hylaeargia Lieftinck, Palaiargia Förster, Papuargia Lieftinck and Onychargia Selys are transferred from Coenagrionidae to Platycnemididae, and Leptocnemis Selys, Oreocnemis Pinhey and Thaumatagrion Lieftinck from Platycnemididae to Coenagrionidae. Each geographically well‐defined clade of Platycnemididae is recognized as a subfamily, and thus Disparoneurinae (i.e. Old World ‘Protoneuridae’) is incorporated, Calicnemiinae is restricted, and Allocnemidinae (type genus: Allocnemis Selys) subfam.n., Idiocnemidinae (type genus: Idiocnemis Selys) subfam.n. and Onychargiinae (type genus: Onychargia Selys) subfam.n. and Coperini trib.n. (type genus: Copera Kirby) are described. Half of Coenagrionidae belongs to a well‐supported clade incorporating Coenagrion Kirby and the potential subfamilies Agriocnemidinae, Ischnurinae and Pseudagrioninae. The remainder is less well defined, but includes the Pseudostigmatidae and New World Protoneuridae that, with Argiinae and Teinobasinae, may prove valid subfamilies with further evidence. Ninety‐two per cent of the genera formerly included in the polyphyletic Amphipterygidae and Megapodagrionidae were studied. Pentaphlebiidae, Rimanellidae and Devadattidae fam.n. (type genus: Devadatta Kirby) are separated from Amphipterygidae, and Argiolestidae, Heteragrionidae, Hypolestidae, Philogeniidae, Philosinidae and Thaumatoneuridae from Megapodagrionidae. Eight further groups formerly placed in the latter are identified, but are retained as incertae sedis; the validity of Lestoideidae, Philogangidae and Pseudolestidae is confirmed. For some families (e.g. Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae) a further subdivision is possible; Protostictinae subfam.n. (type genus: Protosticta Selys) is introduced in Platystictidae. Numerous new combinations are proposed in the Supporting Information. Many long‐established families lack strong morphological apomorphies. In particular, venation is incongruent with molecular results, stressing the need to review fossil Odonata taxonomy: once defined by the reduction of the anal vein, Protoneuridae dissolves completely into six clades from five families.
Cryptococcal meningitis presenting as sinusitis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Iyer S.P. , Movva K. , Wiebel M. , Chandrasekar P. , Alangaden G. , Carron M. , Tranchida P. , Revankar S.G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCryptococcal meningitis is a relatively common invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, especially in solid organ transplant recipients. Clinical presentation typically includes fever, headache, photophobia, neck stiffness, and/or altered mental status. Unusual presentations may delay diagnosis. Therapy is challenging in renal transplant patients because of the nephrotoxicity associated with amphotericin B, the recommended treatment. We present a case of cryptococcal meningitis in a renal transplant recipient presenting as acute sinusitis with successful treatment using fluconazole as primary therapy.
International survey on plasma transfusion practices in critically ill children
Authors: Karam Oliver , Tucci Marisa , Lacroix Jacques , Rimensberger Peter C. ,   Canadian Critical Care Trials Group and of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigator Network
Published: August 2013

BackgroundStudies have shown heterogeneity in red blood cell transfusion practices. Although plasma transfusion is common in intensive care, there are no data on plasma transfusion practices in pediatric critical care units.Study Design and MethodsA scenario‐based survey was sent to 718 pediatric critical care physicians working in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. Respondents were asked to report their decisions regarding plasma transfusion practice with respect to four scenarios: pneumonia, septic shock, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and postoperative care after a Tetralogy of Fallot correction.ResultsThe response rate was 187 of 718 (26%); half of the responders worked in North America. The proportion of physicians who transfused plasma to nonbleeding patients, solely based on abnormal international normalized ratio (INR), varied from 66% for pneumonia to 84% for TBI (p < 0.001). In such nonbleeding patients, the median INR threshold that would trigger plasma transfusion was 2.5 for pneumonia and septic shock patients and 2.0 for TBI and the cardiac postoperative patients (p < 0.001). Minor bleeding, minor surgery, insertion of a femoral line, hypotension, abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombocytopenia, and anemia levels were important determinants of plasma transfusion, whereas none of the respondents' demographic characteristics were important.ConclusionMore than two‐thirds of responding pediatric critical care physicians prescribe plasma transfusions for nonbleeding critically ill children. Additionally, there is a significant variation in transfusion practice patterns with respect to plasma transfusion thresholds.
Predicting blood donation maintenance: the importance of planning future donations
Authors: van Dongen Anne , Ruiter Robert , Abraham Charles , Veldhuizen Ingrid 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundInterventions to retain blood donors need to target the most influential and changeable factors. This study tested antecedents of three successive donation decisions.Study Design and MethodsParticipants were donors who had donated for the first time 1 year previous (n = 1018). Intention to continue donating, vasovagal reactions, deferral, anxiety, and planning failure were measured. Analyses distinguished between 1) those who registered for donation after questionnaire completion, versus those who did not; 2) those who did or did not register for donation a second time after questionnaire completion; and 3) those who did or did not register for donation a third time after questionnaire completion.ResultsThree logistic regression analyses showed that the first donation decision was influenced by intention (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30‐2.21), number of donations made in the first year (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.81‐3.06), vasovagal reactions (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87‐0.97), and planning failure (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.95). The second donation decision was influenced by intention (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.95) and planning failure (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.57‐0.78), while the third decision was influenced only by planning failure (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73‐1.00).ConclusionThis indicates that for new donors, retention efforts should focus on the promotion of a positive intention and decreasing vasovagal reactions. However, decreasing planning failure could be an even better investment since planning seems to determine long‐term retention.
A visual‐search model observer for multislice‐multiview SPECT images
Authors: Gifford Howard C. 
Published: August 2013

Purpose:Mathematical model observers are intended for efficient assessment of diagnostic image quality, but model‐observer studies often are not representative of clinical realities. Model observers based on a visual‐search (VS) paradigm may allow for greater clinical relevance. The author has compared the performances of several VS model observers with those of human observers and an existing scanning model observer for a study involving nodule detection and localization in simulated Tc‐99m single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) lung volumes.Methods:A localization receiver operating characteristic (LROC) study compared two iterative SPECT reconstruction strategies: an all‐corrections (AllC) strategy with compensations for attenuation, scatter, and distance‐dependent camera resolution and an “RC” strategy with resolution compensation only. Nodules in the simulation phantom were of three different relative contrasts. Observers in the study had access to the coronal, sagittal, and transverse displays of the reconstructed volumes. Three human observers each read 50 training volumes and 100 test volumes per reconstruction strategy. The same images were analyzed by a channelized nonprewhitening (CNPW) scanning observer and two VS observers. The VS observers implemented holistic search processes that identified focal points of Tc‐99m uptake for subsequent analysis by the CNPW scanning model. The level of prior knowledge about the background structure in the images was a study variable for the model observers. Performance was scored by area under the LROC curve.Results:The average human‐observer performances were respectively 0.67 ± 0.04 and 0.61 ± 0.03 for the RC and AllC strategies. Given approximate knowledge about the background structure, both VS models scored 0.69 ± 0.08 (RC) and 0.66 ± 0.08 (AllC). The scanning observer reversed the strategy ranking in scoring 0.73 ± 0.08 with the AllC strategy and 0.64 ± 0.08 with the RC strategy. The VS observers exhibited less sensitivity to variations in background knowledge compared to the scanning observer.Conclusions:The VS framework has the potential to increase the clinical similitude of model‐observer studies and to enhance the ability of existing model observers to quantitatively predict human‐observer performance.
Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome Induced by Posaconazole
Authors: Pilmis Benoit , Coignard-Biehler Hélène , Jullien Vincent , Hermine Olivier , Touraine Philippe , Lecuit Marc , Lortholary Olivier 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome is an undesirable outcome of glucocorticoids treatment. It can be increased by pharmacologic interactions. Glucocorticoid therapy, given in association with ritonavir, and some azole treatments are causes of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. We present a patient with common-variable immunodeficiency who received 7 years of itraconazole therapy for bronchial colonization with
Aspergillus
in combination with inhaled fluticasone without any Cushingoid symptoms. After a switch to posaconazole, the patient developed Cushingoid symptoms.