bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis artroscópico de las lesiones asociadas a las fracturas de escafoides carpiano
Authors: Baixauli V. , García F. , Alepuz E. , Ferrandiz R. 
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: La artroscopia de muñeca ha permitido el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las fracturas a nivel de la muñeca, así como de las lesiones asociadas a estas.Existen lesiones asociadas a las fracturas de escafoides que pueden condicionar el éxito del tratamiento y llevarnos a resultados poco satisfactorios y a un retraso en la recuperación funcional.Material y método: Se estudiaron y cuantificaron las lesiones asociadas encontradas en 17 casos con fractura aguda de cintura de escafoides que fueron tratadas mediante reducción y colocación artroscópica de un tornillo canulado de escafoides. Se analizaron los resultados del tratamiento con la escala de muñeca de la Clínica Mayo (Mayo Wrist Score) y la consolidación con radiografías simples.Resultados: Se diagnosticaron lesiones asociadas de tejidos blandos y/o condrales/osteocondrales en 14 casos, lo que supone un 82% de los casos. Las lesiones más frecuentemente encontradas fueron las lesiones del ligamento escafolunar (53%) en diferentes grados, las lesiones del fibrocartílago triangular (35,3%) y las lesiones osteocondrales (35,3%). Los resultados funcionales (Mayo Wrist Score) fueron excelentes o buenos en 13 de los pacientes (76,5%), en 3 casos (17,5%) los resultados fueron regulares y solo un caso (5,9%) tuvo un pobre resultado.Conclusiones: La artroscopia ofrece una valoración completa de la muñneca y consigue diagnosticar lesiones asociadas a las fracturas de cuello de escafoides que pueden condicionar el resultado final del tratamiento.
Técnica de sutura tendinosa «un paso, 4-hilos Kessler-Tsuge»
Authors: Corella F. , Renner C. , del Cerro M. , Ocampos M. 
Published: October 2015

A pesar de haber numerosas técnicas de sutura tendinosa y de no existir un acuerdo general sobre cuál es la mejor, sí hay acuerdo en las características generales que debe tener una buena sutura. Debe ser sencilla su realización, tener nudos bloqueados, conseguir una aposición sin tensión y perfecta de los extremos tendinosos con un mínimo o ningún «gap» en el sitio de la reparación sin producir una lesión de la vascularización del tendón y con una fuerza y resistencia suficientes para permitir una movilización precoz.En este trabajo presentamos una nueva técnica quirúrgica cuyo diseño sigue 5 principios: (1) cruzar la zona de reparación solo 2 veces para hacer más sencilla la técnica y la aposición perfecta de los cabos tendinosos; (2) conseguir una sutura de 4 hilos de un material resistente; (3) evitar nudos abultados en el sitio de reparación, para facilitar la reparación con el menor material interpuesto; (4) evitar nudos abultados sobre la superficie del tendón, de tal forma que la sutura deslice mejor bajo las poleas; y (5) con una resistencia y fuerza superiores a las admitidas como óptimas.
The potential distribution ofBactrocera dorsalis: considering phenology and irrigation patterns
Authors: De Villiers M. , Hattingh V. , Kriticos D.J. , Brunel S. , Vayssières J.-F. , Sinzogan A. , Billah M.K. , Mohamed S.A. , Mwatawala M. , Abdelgader H. , Salah F.E.E. , De Meyer M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA species in theBactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) complex was detected in Kenya during 2003 and classified asBactrocera invadensDrew, Tsuruta & White. Having spread rapidly throughout Africa, it threatens agriculture due to crop damage and loss of market access. In a recent revision of theB. dorsaliscomplex,B. invadenswas incorporated into the speciesB. dorsalis. The potential distribution ofB. dorsalishas been previously modelled. However, previous models were based on presence data and did not incorporate information on the seasonal phenology ofB. dorsalis, nor on the possible influence that irrigation may have on its distribution. Methyl eugenol-baited traps were used to collectB. dorsalisin Africa. Seasonal phenology data, measured as fly abundance throughout the year, was related to each location's climate to infer climatic growth response parameters. These functions were used along with African distribution records and development studies to fit the niche model forB. dorsalis, using independent global distribution records outside Africa for model validation. Areas at greatest risk of invasion byB. dorsalisare South and Central America, Mexico, southernmost USA, parts of the Mediterranean coast, parts of Southern and Eastern Australia and New Zealand's North Island. Under irrigation, most of Africa and Australia appear climatically suitable.
Migration, Ethnicity, and Divisions of Labour in the Zonguldak Coalfield, Turkey
Authors: Kahveci Erol 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines labour relations and labour conditions in the Zonguldak coalfield on the Black Sea coast in Turkey. From 1867, peasants from surrounding villages were obliged to work in the mines on a rotational basis. Peasants continued to work part-time in the mines after the end of this forced-labour regime in 1921, and after its reintroduction between 1940 and 1947. The article explores the significance of the recruitment of local villagers for the division of labour in the mines. Underground work was performed by low-skilled rotational peasant-miners, while migrants became skilled, full-time surface workers. Different ethnic origins added to the division of labour between these two groups. Attention is then turned to trade unionism in Zonguldak. The miners’ trade union was controlled by permanent workers, mostly migrants of Laz origin, to the detriment of underground peasant-workers. Ethnographic fieldwork reveals that these divisions have persisted over many years.
The stigma of claiming benefits: a quantitative study
Authors: BAUMBERG BEN 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStigma has long been viewed by some as essential to discourage excessive claims, yet seen by others as a cause of non-take-up by people in need and as a form of symbolic violence. More recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the links between shame and poverty (including the role of benefits), and particular concerns about media/political rhetoric in the UK. Yet while our knowledge of benefits stigma has been enhanced by theoretical/qualitative contributions, few quantitative studies examine its extent or patterning. This paper therefore reports the results of a 2012 nationally-representative survey in the UK. It finds sub-types of stigma are reported by 10–19 per cent for each benefit, but 34 per cent report either personal stigma (their own view) or stigmatisation (perceived stigma by others) for at least one benefit, and over one-quarter say a stigma-related reason would make them less likely to claim. One-third of claimants themselves report some degree of stigma around their claim. Against the predictions of ‘dependency culture’ claims, however, respondents in high-claim areas were more likely to stigmatise benefits, both before and after accounting for other factors. The paper concludes by considering lessons for future benefits stigma studies, and policy options to reduce benefits stigma.
Terahertz radiation by self-focused amplitude-modulated Gaussian laser beam in magnetized ripple density plasma
Authors: Singh Ram Kishor , Sharma R. P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical model for efficient terahertz (THz) radiation by self-focused amplitude-modulated laser beam in preformed ripple density plasma. The density of plasma is modified due to ponderomotive nonlinearity which arises because of the nonuniform spatial profile of the laser beam in magnetized plasma and leads to the self-focusing of the laser beam. The rate of self-focusing depends on the intensity of the amplitude-modulated beam as well as on the externally applied magnetic field strength. The electron also experiences time-dependent ponderomotive force by the laser beam at modulated frequency. A nonlinear current at THz frequency arises on account of the coupling between the ripple density plasma and nonlinear oscillatory velocity of the electrons. The yield of the generated THz radiation enhances with enhancement in self-focusing of the laser beam and applied magnetic field.
War Wounded and Victims of Traffic Accidents in a Surgical Hospital in Africa: An Observation on Injuries
Authors: Schneider Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionWeapon injuries in armed conflict are likely to receive medical attention. Other types of injuries, like traffic accidents, continue to occur during armed conflict.ProblemInjuries caused by weapons and by traffic accidents require treatment, but reports and figures to help in prioritizing care are scarce.MethodsIn a prospective observational study, all emergency patients admitted to the surgical ward in a public hospital of the Central African Republic were evaluated for the cause of their main injury. The proportion of patients injured by weapons and by traffic accidents was analyzed with respect to the level of violence.ResultsSeventy-eight patients were included in this study. Weapon injuries accounted for 50 (64%) admissions and traffic accidents for 28 (36%). These proportions varied significantly according to the weekly level of violence (χ2=46.8; P<.001).ConclusionPeople injured in traffic accidents are an important, but overlooked, drain on surgical resources in low-income countries with armed conflict. Their proportion in relation to weapon wounded fluctuates with the level of violence. Humanitarian medical organizations might prepare themselves not only for weapon injuries, but also for wounds caused by traffic accidents.SchneiderM. War wounded and victims of traffic accidents in a surgical hospital in Africa: an observation on injuries. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):618–620.
Collecting and registering sexual health information in the context of HIV risk in the electronic medical record of general practitioners: a qualitative exploration of the preference of general practitioners in urban communities in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Vos Jolien , Pype Peter , Deblonde Jessika , Van den Eynde Sandra , Aelbrecht Karolien , Deveugele Myriam , Avonts Dirk 
Published: October 2015

Background and aimCurrent health-care delivery requires increasingly proactive and inter-professional work. Therefore, collecting patient information and knowledge management is of paramount importance. General practitioners (GPs) are well placed to lead these evolving models of care delivery. However, it is unclear how they are handling these changes. To gain an insight into this matter, the HIV epidemic was chosen as a test case.MethodsData were collected and analysed from 13 semi-structured interviews with GPs, working in urban communities in Flanders.FindingsGPs use various types of patient information to estimate patients’ risk of HIV. The way in which sexual health information is collected and registered, depends on the type of information under discussion.General patient informationandmedical history dataare often automatically collected and registered. Proactively collectingsexual health informationis uncommon. Moreover, the registration of the latter is not obvious, mostly owing to insufficient space in the electronic medical record (EMR).ConclusionsGPs seem willing to systematically collect and registersexual health information, in particular about HIV-risk factors. They expressed a need for guidance together with practical adjustments of the EMR to adequately capture and share this information.
Do ‘institutional complementarities’ foster female labour force participation?
Authors: THÉVENON OLIVIER 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe analyse how female labour force participation responds to policies supporting the work-life balance, and do so using country-level data for 18 OECD countries from 1980 to 2007. Included is an original analysis of ‘complementarities’ between different policy measures, as well as of potential variations in their influence across different family policy regimes. The results highlight that expanded childcare service coverage affects women's labour market participation, which is greater in countries where support for working mothers is higher overall. But the influence of each single policy measure varies across regimes. Interactions between policy measures and the context in which they are implemented are important factors to consider since they can, for instance, either foster the positive impact of one measure or lessen the adverse effect of another.
Quantifying the density and utilization of active sites in non-precious metal oxygen electroreduction catalysts
Authors: Sahraie Nastaran Ranjbar , Kramm Ulrike I. , Steinberg Julian , Zhang Yuanjian , Thomas Arne , Reier Tobias , Paraknowitsch Jens-Peter , Strasser Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCarbon materials doped with transition metal and nitrogen are highly active, non-precious metal catalysts for the electrochemical conversion of molecular oxygen in fuel cells, metal air batteries, and electrolytic processes. However, accurate measurement of their intrinsic turn-over frequency and active-site density based on metal centres in bulk and surface has remained difficult to date, which has hampered a more rational catalyst design. Here we report a successful quantification of bulk and surface-based active-site density and associated turn-over frequency values of mono- and bimetallic Fe/N-doped carbons using a combination of chemisorption, desorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques. Our general approach yields an experimental descriptor for the intrinsic activity and the active-site utilization, aiding in the catalyst development process and enabling a previously unachieved level of understanding of reactivity trends owing to a deconvolution of site density and intrinsic activity.
Ultrahigh sensitivity and layer-dependent sensing performance of phosphorene-based gas sensors
Authors: Cui Shumao , Pu Haihui , Wells Spencer A. , Wen Zhenhai , Mao Shun , Chang Jingbo , Hersam Mark C. , Chen Junhong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) layered materials have attracted significant attention for device applications because of their unique structures and outstanding properties. Here, a field-effect transistor (FET) sensor device is fabricated based on 2D phosphorene nanosheets (PNSs). The PNS sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity to NO2 in dry air and the sensitivity is dependent on its thickness. A maximum response is observed for 4.8-nm-thick PNS, with a sensitivity up to 190% at 20 parts per billion (p.p.b.) at room temperature. First-principles calculations combined with the statistical thermodynamics modelling predict that the adsorption density is ∼1015 cm−2 for the 4.8-nm-thick PNS when exposed to 20 p.p.b. NO2 at 300 K. Our sensitivity modelling further suggests that the dependence of sensitivity on the PNS thickness is dictated by the band gap for thinner sheets (<10 nm) and by the effective thickness on gas adsorption for thicker sheets (>10 nm).
Zeolite-like liquid crystals
Authors: Poppe Silvio , Lehmann Anne , Scholte Alexander , Prehm Marko , Zeng Xiangbing , Ungar Goran , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: October 2015

AbstractZeolites represent inorganic solid-state materials with porous structures of fascinating complexity. Recently, significant progress was made by reticular synthesis of related organic solid-state materials, such as metal-organic or covalent organic frameworks. Herein we go a step further and report the first example of a fluid honeycomb mimicking a zeolitic framework. In this unique self-assembled liquid crystalline structure, transverse-lying π-conjugated rod-like molecules form pentagonal channels, encircling larger octagonal channels, a structural motif also found in some zeolites. Additional bundles of coaxial molecules penetrate the centres of the larger channels, unreachable by chains attached to the honeycomb framework. This creates a unique fluid hybrid structure combining positive and negative anisotropies, providing the potential for tuning the directionality of anisotropic optical, electrical and magnetic properties. This work also demonstrates a new approach to complex soft-matter self-assembly, by using frustration between space filling and the entropic penalty of chain extension.
Mutations in TRAF3IP1/IFT54 reveal a new role for IFT proteins in microtubule stabilization
Authors: Bizet Albane A. , Becker-Heck Anita , Ryan Rebecca , Weber Kristina , Filhol Emilie , Krug Pauline , Halbritter Jan , Delous Marion , Lasbennes Marie-Christine , Linghu Bolan , Oakeley Edward J. , Zarhrate Mohammed , Nitschké Patrick , Garfa-Traore Meriem , Serluca Fabrizio , Yang Fan , Bouwmeester Tewis , Pinson Lucile , Cassuto Elisabeth , Dubot Philippe , Elshakhs Neveen A. Soliman , Sahel José A. , Salomon Rémi , Drummond Iain A. , Gubler Marie-Claire , Antignac Corinne , Chibout Salahdine , Szustakowski Joseph D. , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Lorentzen Esben , Sailer Andreas W. , Benmerah Alexandre , Saint-Mezard Pierre , Saunier Sophie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCiliopathies are a large group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders caused by defects in primary cilia. Here we identified mutations in TRAF3IP1 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor Interacting Protein 1) in eight patients from five families with nephronophthisis (NPH) and retinal degeneration, two of the most common manifestations of ciliopathies. TRAF3IP1 encodes IFT54, a subunit of the IFT-B complex required for ciliogenesis. The identified mutations result in mild ciliary defects in patients but also reveal an unexpected role of IFT54 as a negative regulator of microtubule stability via MAP4 (microtubule-associated protein 4). Microtubule defects are associated with altered epithelialization/polarity in renal cells and with pronephric cysts and microphthalmia in zebrafish embryos. Our findings highlight the regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule dynamics as a role of the IFT54 protein beyond the cilium, contributing to the development of NPH-related ciliopathies.
Network reconstruction and validation of the Snf1/AMPK pathway in baker’s yeast based on a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Lubitz Timo , Welkenhuysen Niek , Shashkova Sviatlana , Bendrioua Loubna , Hohmann Stefan , Klipp Edda , Krantz Marcus 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
The SNF1/AMPK protein kinase has a central role in energy homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. It is activated by energy depletion and stimulates processes leading to the production of ATP while it downregulates ATP-consuming processes. The yeast SNF1 complex is best known for its role in glucose derepression.

Methods:
We performed a network reconstruction of the Snf1 pathway based on a comprehensive literature review. The network was formalised in the rxncon language, and we used the rxncon toolbox for model validation and gap filling.

Results:
We present a machine-readable network definition that summarises the mechanistic knowledge of the Snf1 pathway. Furthermore, we used the known input/output relationships in the network to identify and fill gaps in the information transfer through the pathway, to produce a functional network model. Finally, we convert the functional network model into a rule-based model as a proof-of-principle.

Conclusions:
The workflow presented here enables large scale reconstruction, validation and gap filling of signal transduction networks. It is analogous to but distinct from that established for metabolic networks. We demonstrate the workflow capabilities, and the direct link between the reconstruction and dynamic modelling, with the Snf1 network. This network is a distillation of the knowledge from all previous publications on the Snf1/AMPK pathway. The network is a knowledge resource for modellers and experimentalists alike, and a template for similar efforts in higher eukaryotes. Finally, we envisage the workflow as an instrumental tool for reconstruction of large signalling networks across Eukaryota.
A monocyte/granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Dongsheng , Zhang Yaojun , Xu Li , Zhou Zhongguo , Huang Junting , Chen Minshan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConflict that the derived neutrophil lymphocyte (dNLR) has prognostic value in patients with a variety of cancers exists. The aim of the present study was to devise a monocyte/granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio (M/GLR) which counts as (white cell count - lymphocyte count) to lymphocyte count and verify its prognostic value in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 1061 HCC patients were retrieved and the associations between M/GLR/NLR/dNLR and clinicopathological variables and survivals (OS and RFS) were analyzed. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the discriminatory ability of M/GLR/NLR/dNLR. The median follow-up period was 947 days, the 1, 3, 5 year OS was 64%, 51% and 46% respectively and the median OS was 842 days. The cut-off values were determined by ROC as 2.8, 1.6 and 3.2 for NLR, dNLR, M/GLR respectively. Elevated M/GLR/NLR/dNLR was associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.001, P = 0.009 and P = 0.022 respectively). By time-dependent ROC, the AUC of M/GLR was higher than that of NLR or dNLR, either in whole group or in subgroups according to TNM stages or different treatments. We concluded that elevated M/GLR predicted poor prognosis for patients with HCC and the M/GLR can be used as an alternative to NLR and dNLR.
Geometries for the coherent control of four-wave mixing in graphene multilayers
Authors: Rao Shraddha M. , Lyons Ashley , Roger Thomas , Clerici Matteo , Zheludev Nikolay I. , Faccio Daniele 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDeeply sub-wavelength two-dimensional films may exhibit extraordinarily strong nonlinear effects. Here we show that 2D films exhibit the remarkable property of a phase-controllable nonlinearity, i.e., the amplitude of the nonlinear polarisation wave in the medium can be controlled via the pump beam phase and determines whether a probe beam will “feel” or not the nonlinearity. This is in stark contrast to bulk nonlinearities where propagation in the medium averages out any such phase dependence. We perform a series of experiments in multilayer graphene that highlight some of the consequences of the optical nonlinearity phase-dependence, such as the coherent control of nonlinearly diffracted beams, single-pump-beam induced phase-conjugation and the demonstration of a nonlinear mirror characterised by negative reflection. The observed phase sensitivity is not specific to graphene but rather is solely a result of the dimensionality and is therefore expected in all 2D materials.
Direct and high throughput (HT) interactions on the ribosomal surface by iRIA
Authors: Pesce Elisa , Minici Claudia , Baβler Jochen , Hurt Ed , Degano Massimo , Calamita Piera , Biffo Stefano 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRibosomes function as platforms for binding of other molecules, but technologies for studying this process are lacking. Therefore we developed iRIA (in vitro Ribosomes Interaction Assay). In approach I, Artemia salina ribosomes spotted on solid phase are used for binding picomoles of analytes; in approach II, cellular extracts allow the measurement of ribosome activity in different conditions. We apply the method to analyze several features of eIF6 binding to 60S subunits. By approach I, we show that the off-rate of eIF6 from preribosomes is slower than from mature ribosomes and that its binding to mature 60S occurs in the nM affinity range. By approach II we show that eIF6 binding sites on 60S are increased with mild eIF6 depletion and decreased in cells that are devoid of SBDS, a ribosomal factor necessary for 60S maturation and involved in Swachman Diamond syndrome. We show binding conditions to immobilized ribosomes adaptable to HT and quantify free ribosomes in cell extracts. In conclusion, we suggest that iRIA will greatly facilitate the study of interactions on the ribosomal surface.