bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TheKairosof Philosophy
Authors: Shew Melissa 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis essay seeks a philosophical understanding of the nature of kairos that, in turn, discloses the nature of philosophizing. This essay claims that the kairos of philosophy is dialogue, and that dialogue is kairological in two ways: (1) Dialogue is not just a phenomenon that occurs in chronological time but, rather, imposes its own time in order to see how life (or being) itself is disclosed to us; (2) dialogue is kairological because it denotes a moment in which we are pushed into the open, which demands our receptivity and response. Section I explains kairos as “circumstance” in Aristotle, as a required point of view in Heidegger, and as related to the beginning of creation in Schelling. Section II understands dialogue, as the kairos of philosophy, as a crisis—a breaking away from an ordinary understanding of and experience in the world. This destabilizing experience resonates with the untimeliness of philosophizing.
Women hold up half the sky – and half the burden of the HIV epidemic
Authors: Heidari Shirin , Kippax Susan , Sow Papa Salif , Wainberg Mark A 
Published: March 2013

It has been said that women hold up half the sky. In the HIV epidemic, women carry half the burden of the epidemic, perhaps even more. The HIV burden on women is dramatically higher in some regions, certain age groups and among marginalized groups, such as female sex workers. Women's vulnerability to HIV is exacerbated by gender inequality and domestic violence.The global effort towards elimination of paediatric HIV and keeping mothers alive deserves applause. However, the needs of women go beyond their child‐bearing age or potentials and/or reproductive desires and must be recognized in the global HIV agenda. In particular, more female‐controlled prevention tools are urgently required to allow women to protect themselves.It is time to turn the tide through promoting gender equality and genuinely committing to gender‐responsive policies and programmes, and encouraging a more gender‐aware research agenda that can generate necessary evidence. In recognition of International Women's Day, the Journal of the International AIDS Society is pleased to launch a thematic series to highlight articles that address the different dimensions of HIV as they relate to women.
Establishment of <em>Cladonia stellaris</em> after artificial dispersal in an unfenced forest in northern Sweden
Authors: Roturier Samuel , Bergsten Urban 
Published: March 2013

In 2002, fragments and whole thalli of reindeer lichen, mainly Cladonia stellaris, were spread in a typical Scots pine forest in northern boreal Sweden to study the survival and development after artificial lichen dispersal. The forest was not fenced, allowing reindeer access to graze. Lichens were dispersed in intact vegetation in 1 m2 plots by one of two methods: either as an intact lichen mat (patch) of 0.25 m2 in the centre of the plot or as fragments scattered (scatter) across the whole plot. The lichen was then monitored by photo inventory. In 2006, three years after the first inventory, all patch plots had been partially grazed by reindeer and the lichen cover measured in both patch and scatter plots had decreased severely. In 2008, the lichen cover in the patch and scatter plots had increased by up to 54% and 88%, respectively, of the cover measured during the first inventory in 2003. A significant increase in the number of fragments in the plots was also observed between 2006 and 2008, suggesting that in addition to growing like naturally established thalli, the lichen had spread and slowly colonized the plots. Dispersing lichen by the “patch” method appears to be less costefficient than the “scatter” method, if the area is grazed by reindeer. These results support the hypothesis that dispersal of reindeer lichen could be an effective means of restoring lichen stands, which are important for reindeer husbandry, even if the area is open to reindeer grazing.

Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning:
Etablering av Cladonia stellaris efter artificiell spridning i ej inhägnad skog i norra Sverige

Renlav (främst Cladonia stellaris) spreds manuellt 2002 i en talldominerad skog i norra Sverige för att studera lavens etablering efter artificiell spridning. Försöksområdet var inte hägnat utan öppet för renbete. Laven spreds i intakt markvegetation på 1 m2-ytor, antingen i form av intakta lavbålar (0,25 m2) i ytans centrum eller som fragment över hela provytan. Lavens etablering följdes med hjälp av fotoinventering. År 2006, tre år efter första inventeringen, hade alla provytor betats av ren och lavens täckningsgrad hade reducerats betydligt. Vid inventeringen 2008 hade lavens täckningsgrad ökat med upp till 54% (intakt lav) resp. 88% (lavfragment), i jämförelse med täckningsgraden den första inventeringen. Mellan 2006 och 2008 ökade antalet fragment per provyta signifikant vilket indikerar en fortsatt naturlig etablering med spridning via fragment. Att sprida lav i form av intakta lavbålar förefaller mindre kostnadseffektivt än spridning av lav i fragmentform om spridningsområdet är öppet för renbete. Resultaten utgör ett stöd för hypotesen att artificiell spridning av renlav kan vara ett effektivt sätt att restaurera viktiga renbetesområden, även om området inte är skyddat för renbete.
Manufacturing and Morphological Analysis of Composite Material of Polystyrene Nanospheres/Cadmium Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Wibawa Pratama Jujur , Saim Hashim , Agam Mohd. Arif , Nur Hadi 
Published: March 2013

A very simple nanocomposite material has been in-situ manufactured from an aqueous polystyrene nanospheres dispersion and cadmium (Cd) metal nanoparticles. The manufacturing was performed by using a high frequency of 40 kHz ultrasonic (US) agitation for 45 minute at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature 20 oC. No chemical reducing agent and surfactant added in this manufacturing technique due to the US could reduce Cd2+ ions of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate to Cd atomic metals nanoparticles whereas water molecules could act as a pseudo stabilizer for the manufactured material. A thin film was manufactured from aqueous colloidal nanocomposite material of Polystyrene nanospheres/Cd metal nanoparticles (PSNs/CdMNp) fabricated on a hydrophilic silicon wafer. The thin film was then characterized by a JEOL-FESEM for its surface morphology characteristic and by ATR-FTIR spectrometry for its molecular change investigation. It could be clearly observed that surface morphology of the thin film material was not significantly changed under 633 nm wavelength continuous laser radiation exposure for 20 minute. In addition, its ATR-FTIR spectra of wave number peaks around 3400 cm-1 have been totally disappeared under the laser exposure whereas that at around 699 cm-1 and 668 cm-1 have not been significantly changed. The first phenomenon indicated that the hydrogen bond existed in PSNs/CdMNp material was collapsed by the laser exposure. The second phenomena indicated that the PSNs phenyl ring moiety was not totally destroyed under the laser exposure. It was suspected due to the existence of Cd nanoparticles covered throughout the spherical surface of PSNs/CdMNp material particles. Therefore a nice model of material structure of the mentioned PSNs/CdMNp nanocomposite material could be suggested in this research. It could be concluded that this research have been performed since the material structure model of the manufactured PSNs/CdMNp nanocomposite could be drawn and proposed. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)(Selected Paper from International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) 2012)
HZSM-5 Catalyst for Cracking Palm Oil to Gasoline: A Comparative Study with and without Impregnation
Authors: Roesyadi Achmad , Hariprajitno Danawati , Nurjannah N. , Savitri Santi Dyah 
Published: March 2013

It is important to develop a renewable source of energy to overcome a limited source fossil energy. Palm oil is a potential alternative and environmental friendly energy resource in Indonesia due to high production capacity of this vegetable oil. The research studied effect of catalyst to selectivity of biofuel product from cracking of palm oil. The catalyst consisted of HZSM-5 catalyst with or without impregnation. The research was conducted in two steps, namely catalyst synthesized and catalytic cracking process. HZSM-5 was synthesized using Plank methods. The characterization of the synthesized catalysts used AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) and BET (Brunaueur Emmet Teller). The cracking was carried out in a fixed bed microreactor with diameter of 1 cm and length of 16 cm which was filled with 0.6 gram catalyst. The Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst was recommended for cracking palm oil for the high selectivity to gasoline. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Preparation of Silver Immobilised TiO2-Hectorite for Phenol Removal and Eschericia coli Desinfection
Authors: Fatimah Is 
Published: March 2013

Preparation of silver immobilized TiO2-Hectorite and its application in phenol photooxidation and Eschericia coli bacteria desinfection has been conducted. Material was obtained by two steps of synthesis: preparation of TiO2-Hectorite and silver immobilization into TiO2-Hectorite. Physico-chemical characterization to the prepared material compared to raw hectorite was conducted by X-ray Diffraction, gas sorption analyzer, scanning electron microscope and DRUV-Visible spectrophotometry and for photoactivity study, phenol photooxidation and Eschericia coli desinfection were investigated. The results indicated that the modification to hectorite material improve the physico-chemical character related to its role as photo-catalyst. Kinetic study of phenol photooxidation revealed the role of TiO2 pillarization and silver immobilization in enhancing rate of reaction as well as increased photoactivity of the materials in E. coli desinfection. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Non Catalytic Transesterification of Vegetables Oil to Biodiesel in Sub-and Supercritical Methanol: A Kinetic’s Study
Authors: Asri Nyoman Puspa , Machmudah Siti , Wahyudiono W. , Suprapto S. , Budikarjono Kusno , Roesyadi Achmad , Goto Motonobu 
Published: March 2013

Non catalytic transesterification in sub and supercritical methanol have been used to produce biodiesel from palm oil and soybean oil. A kinetic study was done under reaction condition with temperature and time control. The experiments were carried out in a batch type reactor at reaction temperatures from 210 °C (subcritical condition) to 290 °C (the supercritical state) in the interval ranges of temperature of 20 °C and at various molar ratios of oil to methanol. The rate constants of the reaction were determined by employing a simple method, with the overall chemical reaction followed the pseudo-first–order reaction. Based on the results, the rate constants of vegetables oil were significantly influenced by reaction temperature, which were gradually increased at subcritical temperature, but sharply increased in the supercritical state. However, the rate constants of soybean oil were slightly higher than that of palm oil. The activation energy for transesterification of soybean oil was 89.32 and 79.05 kJ/mole for palm oil. Meanwhile, the frequency factor values of both oils were 72462892 and 391210 min-1, respectively. The rate reaction for both of oil were expressed as -rTG = 72462892 exp(-89.32/RT)CTG for soybean oil and -rTG = 391210 exp(-79.05/RT)CTG for palm oil. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase gene val158met polymorphism and depressive symptoms during early childhood
Authors: Sheikh Haroon I. , Kryski Katie R. , Smith Heather J. , Dougherty Lea R. , Klein Daniel N. , Bufferd Sara J. , Singh Shiva M. , Hayden Elizabeth P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCatechol‐O‐Methyltransferase (COMT) is a critical regulator of catecholamine levels in the brain. A functional polymorphism of the COMT gene, val158met, has been linked to internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) in adolescents and adults. We extended this research by investigating whether the val158met polymorphism was associated with childhood symptoms of depression and anxiety in two independent samples of young children (Ns = 476 and 409). In both samples, preschool‐aged children were genotyped for the COMT val158met polymorphism. Symptoms of psychopathology were assessed via parent interviews and primary caregiver reports. In both samples, children homozygous for the val allele had higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to children with at least one copy of the met allele. Our findings extend previous research in older participants by showing links between the COMT val158met polymorphism and internalizing symptoms in early childhood. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing the diathesis‐stress model: 5‐HTTLPR, childhood emotional maltreatment, and vulnerability to social anxiety disorder
Authors: Reinelt Eva , Stopsack Malte , Aldinger Maren , John Ulrich , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Barnow Sven 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRegarding the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD), a diathesis‐stress paradigm including biological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors can be assumed. However, studies dealing with the etiology of SAD did not integrate both aspects so far. We examined a particular diathesis‐stress model for SAD in which we included a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (5‐HTTLPR) as a genetic vulnerability factor and childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) as an environmental stressor. Current analyses were based on individuals who participated in the Study of Health in Pomerania. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with diagnostic interviews according to DSM‐IV criteria. The triallelic genotype of 5‐HTTLPR was determined. Statistical analyses were performed in 78 individuals with SAD and 1,035 without an axis I disorder. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the experience of CEM (odds ratio [OR] 4.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.65–7.84), the l/l genotype of 5‐HTTLPR (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.31–3.48), female gender (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.80–5.08) and younger age (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.06) increased the odds for SAD. The data suggest that CEM, the l/l genotype of 5‐HTTLPR, female gender and younger age are risk factors for SAD. This is in favor of the tested diathesis‐stress model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Segregated flux balance analysis constrained by population structure/function data: The case of PHA production by mixed microbial cultures
Authors: Pardelha F. , Albuquerque M.G.E. , Carvalho G. , Reis M.A.M. , Dias J.M.L. , Oliveira R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study we developed a segregated flux balance analysis (FBA) method to calculate metabolic flux distributions of the individual populations present in a mixed microbial culture (MMC). Population specific flux data constraints were derived from the raw data typically obtained by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microautoradiography (MAR)‐FISH techniques. This method was applied to study the metabolic heterogeneity of a MMC that produces polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from fermented sugar cane molasses. Three populations were identified by FISH, namely Paracoccus sp., Thauera sp., and Azoarcus sp. The segregated FBA method predicts a flux distribution for each of the identified populations. The method is shown to predict with high accuracy the average PHA storage flux and the respective monomeric composition for 16 independent experiments. Moreover, flux predictions by segregated FBA were slightly better than those obtained by nonsegregated FBA, and also highly concordant with metabolic flux analysis (MFA) estimated fluxes. The segregated FBA method can be of high value to assess metabolic heterogeneity in MMC systems and to derive more efficient eco‐engineering strategies. For the case of PHA‐producing MMC considered in this work, it becomes apparent that the PHA average monomeric composition might be controlled not only by the volatile fatty acids (VFA) feeding profile but also by the population composition present in the MMC. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2267–2276. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the early and late outcomes of open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Stather P W , Sidloff D , Dattani N , Choke E , Bown M J , Sayers R D 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Any possible long-term benefit from endovascular (EVAR) versus open surgical repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unproven. Long-term data from the Open Versus Endovascular Repair (OVER) trial add to the debate regarding long-term all-cause and aneurysm-related mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate 30-day and long-term mortality, reintervention, rupture and morbidity after EVAR and open repair for AAA in a systematic review.

Methods
Standard PRISMA guidelines were followed. Random-effects Mantel–Haenszel meta-analysis was performed to evaluate mortality and morbidity outcomes.

Results
The existing published randomized trials, together with information from Medicare and SwedVasc databases, were included in a meta-analysis. This included 25 078 patients undergoing EVAR and 27 142 undergoing open repair for AAA. Patients who had EVAR had a significantly lower 30-day or in-hospital mortality rate (1·3 per cent versus 4·7 per cent for open repair; odds ratio (OR) 0·36, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·21 to 0·61; P &lt; 0·001). By 2-year follow-up there was no difference in all-cause mortality (14·3 versus 15·2 per cent; OR 0·87, 0·72 to 1·06; P = 0·17), which was maintained after at least 4 years of follow-up (34·7 versus 33·8 per cent; OR 1·11, 0·91 to 1·35; P = 0·30). There was no significant difference in aneurysm-related mortality by 2 years or longer follow-up. A significantly higher proportion of patients undergoing EVAR required reintervention (P = 0·003) and suffered aneurysm rupture (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
There is no long-term survival benefit for patients who have EVAR compared with open repair for AAA. There are also significantly higher risks of reintervention and aneurysm rupture after EVAR.
ChemInform Abstract: [Ir2Te14Br12] 2(InBr4)2 — Clusters with Te10.‐ Radical Anions.
Authors: Guenther Anja , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBlack crystals of the title compound are obtained in high yield from mixtures of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 300 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition of Rare‐Earth Metal Disulfides LnS2 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd).
Authors: Bartsch Christian , Ahrens Eike , Doert Thomas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSub‐micron and nanometer scaled particles of the title compounds are prepared by microwave‐assisted metathesis reactions of LnCl3 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd) and Na2S2 or Na2S4 in DMF (microwaves, 160—220 °C, 20 min—24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of a New Glaserite Material, K3RE(VO4)2 (RE: Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, or Tm) with Potential Lasing and Optical Properties.
Authors: Kimani Martin M. , Thompson Lindsey , Snider Whitney , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of LnVO4 (Ln: Y, Sc, Dy, Ho, Lu, Tm, Yb) and K2CO3 (autoclave, 560 °C, 6 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Rich Framework Selenoarsenates Based on Icosahedral Cu8Se13 Clusters.
Authors: Zhang Ren‐Chun , Zhang Chi , Zhang Dao‐Jun , Wang Jun‐Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Fei , Ji Min , An Yong‐Lin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe new isostructural compounds (IV), (V), and (VII) crystallize in the cubic space group Fm$\bar 3$c with Z = 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Recyclable Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Malonates to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Ghosh Subrata K. , Dhungana Kritanjali , Headley Allan D. , Ni Bukuo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe catalyst can be recycled up to four times with gradual reductions in yields and enantioselectivity observed after the second cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations of C=N and C=O Bonds in Neat Water: Anchoring of Water‐Soluble Metal Complexes onto Ion‐Exchange Resins.
Authors: Barbaro Pierluigi , Gonsalvi Luca , Guerriero Antonella , Liguori Francesca 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn iridium heterogeneous catalyst is prepared and successfully applied in the hydrogenation of a variety of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Supported on Graphene‐Like Carbon: Preparation and Catalytic Properties.
Authors: Kryukov Alexander Yu. , Davydov Sergey Yu. , Izvol'skii Igor M. , Rakov Eduard G. , Abramova Natalya V. , Sokolov Viacheslav I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe activity of the novel Pd catalyst is relatively high in the Suzuki reaction [→(III)] and moderate in the Heck reaction leading to compound (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Amines via Oxidative Aromatization of Cyclic Ketones and Amines with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Girard Simon A. , Hu Xiong , Knauber Thomas , Zhou Feng , Simon Marc‐Olivier , Deng Guo‐Jun , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConvenient methods to prepare aryl amines and diaryl amines are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of Conjugated 1,2‐Disubstituted E‐Allylic Alcohols from Two Aldehydes and Methylenetriphenylphosphorane.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Persaud Rosanne S. D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstractβ‐Lithiooxyphosphonium ylides, generated in situ from an aldehyde (I) and phosphorane (II), react with a second aldehyde (III) or (V) to form E‐allylic alcohols (IV) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Aldol Reaction: In situ Aldehyde‐Enolate Formation from Allyloxyboranes and Primary Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Lin Luqing , Yamamoto Kumiko , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kanai Motomu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReactions of aldehydes with allyloxy/homoallyloxyboranes or allylic/homoallylic alcohols under conditions A) provides isomerization/cross‐aldol products with good syn‐selectivity after conversion to acetals or reductive work‐up to diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Fluoroesters Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Ming , Cheung Man Sing , Lin Zhenyang , Sun Jianwei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe process is of special interest due to the high importance of chiral fluorine compounds in various fields of organic chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Acyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters from Alkynyl Esters and Aryl Acyl Chlorides.
Authors: Jiang Jianwen , Liu Haiyi , Zhang Jiatao , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe tandem hydrostannylation — Stille cross‐coupling proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to produce functionalized synthons for natural product preparation.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer siRNA Delivery by New Anticancer Molecule: A Novel Combination Strategy for Cancer Cell Killing.
Authors: Muktapuram Prathap Reddy , Gara Rishi Kumar , Sharma Komal , Rohit Chilappa , Srinivas Kolupula , Mishra Durga Prasad , Bathula Surendar Reddy 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of cationic lipobenzamides (I) are synthesized and screened for their in vitro anticancer activities against a panel of cancer and non‐cancer cells.