bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarifying the relationship between torpor and anthropogenic extinction risk in mammals
Authors: Hanna E. , Cardillo M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe ability to undertake torpor has been linked with human‐mediated extinction risk in mammals, but whether torpor serves to elevate or decrease extinction risk, and the mechanism by which it does so, remain controversial. We attempt to clarify the torpor – extinction risk association in a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 284Australian mammal species. We show that the association is strongly mediated by body size. When body mass is included as a covariate, regression models show a negative association between the ability to undertake torpor and current threat status. This association is present in two categories of mammal species likely to be at particular risk from introduced predators (medium‐sized species and species listed as threatened by predation in theInternationalUnion forConservation ofNatureRedList), but there is no association among species not in these categories. This suggests that torpor reduces vulnerability to predators, perhaps by limiting the amount of time spent foraging. However, the association between torpor and extinction risk is also stronger in smaller species, which are more likely to benefit from a reduced energy budget inAustralia's low‐productivity and unpredictable environment. We conclude that the ability to undertake torpor is clearly an advantage to mammal species in coping with human impacts, and that this advantage is conferred through a combination of reduced exposure to predators and reduced energy requirements.
Transcriptome population genomics reveals severe bottleneck and domestication cost in the African rice (Oryza glaberrima)
Authors: Nabholz Benoit , Sarah Gautier , Sabot François , Ruiz Manuel , Adam Hélène , Nidelet Sabine , Ghesquière Alain , Santoni Sylvain , David Jacques , Glémin Sylvain 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima) was domesticated in West Africa 3000 years ago. Although less cultivated than the Asian rice (O. sativa), O. glaberrima landraces often display interesting adaptation to rustic environment (e.g. drought). Here, using RNA‐seq technology, we were able to compare more than 12 000 transcripts between 9 O. glaberrima, 10 wild O. barthii and one O. meridionalis individuals. With a synonymous nucleotide diversity πs = 0.0006 per site, O. glaberrima appears as the least genetically diverse crop grass ever documented. Using approximate Bayesian computation, we estimated that O. glaberrima experienced a severe bottleneck during domestication. This demographic scenario almost fully accounts for the pattern of genetic diversity across O. glaberrima genome as we detected very few outliers regions where positive selection may have further impacted genetic diversity. Moreover, the large excess of derived nonsynonymous substitution that we detected suggests that the O. glaberrima population suffered from the ‘cost of domestication’. In addition, we used this genome‐scale data set to demonstrate that (i) O. barthii genetic diversity is positively correlated with recombination rate and negatively with gene density, (ii) expression level is negatively correlated with evolutionary constraint, and (iii) one region on chromosome 5 (position 4–6 Mb) exhibits a clear signature of introgression with a yet unidentified Oryza species. This work represents the first genome‐wide survey of the African rice genetic diversity and paves the way for further comparison between the African and the Asian rice, notably regarding the genetics underlying domestication traits.
The mannose‐binding lectin gene FaMBL1 is involved in the resistance of unripe strawberry fruits to Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: Guidarelli Michela , Zoli Lisa , Orlandini Alessandro , Bertolini Paolo , Baraldi Elena 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe fungal pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum is the causal agent of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) anthracnose. Although the fungus can infect strawberry fruits at both unripe and ripe stages, the symptoms appear only on red ripe fruits. On white unripe fruits, the pathogen becomes quiescent as melanized appressoria after 24 h of interaction. Previous transcriptome analysis has indicated that a mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) gene is the most up‐regulated gene in 24‐h‐infected white strawberries, suggesting a role for this gene in the low susceptibility of unripe stages. A time course analysis of the expression of this MBL gene, named FaMBL1 (Fragaria × ananassa MBL 1a), was undertaken to monitor its expression profile in white and red fruits at early interaction times: FaMBL1 was expressed exclusively in white fruit after 24 h, when the pathogen was quiescent. Agrobacterium‐mediated transient transformation was used to silence and overexpress the FaMBL1 gene in 24‐h‐infected white and red strawberries, respectively. FaMBL1‐silenced unripe fruits showed an increase in susceptibility to C. acutatum. These 24‐h‐infected tissues contained subcuticular hyphae, indicating pathogen penetration and active growth. In contrast, overexpression of FaMBL1 in ripe fruits decreased susceptibility; here, 24‐h‐infected tissues showed a high percentage of ungerminated appressoria, suggesting that the growth of the pathogen had slowed. These data suggest that FaMBL1 plays a crucial role in the resistance of unripe strawberry fruits to C. acutatum.
Surgical reconstruction of a maxilla after tumour resection with a heterologous equine bone block created with CAD/CAM procedure: a case report
Authors: Pistilli R. , Checchi V. , Nisii A. , Marcelli V. , Felice P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis case report describes a successful post‐tumour surgical reconstruction of a complete maxilla resection in a 62‐year‐old man, using an equine bone block [pre‐shaped using computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) procedure] as grafting material. Computerised tomographic scans taken 5 months after the reconstructive surgery showed good reconstruction and dimensional augmentation of the lost bone. One year after surgery, the patient showed a great improvement in the emergence profile of the middle part of the face. The use of an equine bone block, pre‐shaped using CAD/CAM system, for alveolar ridge reconstruction, seems to be a valuable alternative to autograft. This technique could significantly shorten the actual surgical procedure for the patient and may result in a better fit of the graft than chair‐side preparation may allow.
Lack of bone healing: an unusual complication following surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion
Authors: de Oliveira T.F.M. , Santos‐Pinto A. , Gabrielli M.F.R. , Pereira Filho V.A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBone defects at interdental osteotomy sites are as a complication of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). The replacement of osseous tissue by fibrous connective tissue impairs the spontaneous closure of a diastema between central incisors, and orthodontic tooth movement through the defect area may lead to root resorption. Treatment of such a situation requires an orthodontic‐surgical approach. In this report, we describe the lack of bone healing at the midline osteotomy site after SARPE, which was treated by autogenous bone grafting as assessed by cone beam computed tomography. In addition, we discuss factors related to the aetiology and treatment of a bone defect after SARPE.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood‐Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Display a Novel Interaction between P‐Selectin and Galectin‐1
Authors: Suila H. , Hirvonen T. , Kotovuori A. , Ritamo I. , Kerkelä E. , Anderson H. , Natunen S. , Tuimala J. , Laitinen S. , Nystedt J. , Räbinä J. , Valmu L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHuman multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert immunomodulatory properties that have great potential in therapies for various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. However, intravenous delivery of these cells is followed by massive cell entrapment in the lungs and insufficient homing to target tissues or organs. In targeting to tissues, MSCs and other therapeutic cells employ similar mechanisms as leucocytes, including a cascade of rolling and adhesion steps mediated by selectins, integrins and their ligands. However, the mechanisms of MSCs homing are not well understood. We discovered that P‐selectin (CD62P) binds to umbilical cord blood (UCB)‐derived MSCs independently of the previously known sialyl Lewis x (sLex)‐containing ligands such as P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 (PSGL‐1, CD162). By biochemical assays, we identified galectin‐1 as a novel ligand for P‐selectin. Galectin‐1 has previously been shown to be a key mediator of the immunosuppressive effects of human MSCs. We conclude that this novel interaction is likely to play a major role in the immunomodulatory targeting of human UCB‐derived MSCs.
Spatial diversity in small‐scale fishing: A socio‐cultural interpretation of the Nile perch sector on Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Beuving Joost 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses spatial patterns in small‐scale fishing in Africa. It is located in Lake Victoria where since the 1990s a vibrant Nile perch fishing for overseas export developed. Focusing on a very small area in the Ugandan part of the lake, the paper uncovers a larger diversity in fishermen's responses to the dynamic environment of the Nile perch sector than a widely adopted generic model predicts. To understand this better, the paper looks at the social practices of Nile perch fishermen, uncovering the operation of different, spatially situated, fishing styles. These styles structure the social relations that the fishermen mobilise, the symbolic meanings they attach to their gear, and the values that inspire their decision‐making. By thus looking at socio‐cultural factors the paper hopes to contribute to an emerging spatial perspective on small‐scale fishing in Africa that begins with an interest in actual social practice.
Prognostic value of echocardiographic and Doppler parameters in horses admitted for colic complicated by systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Borde Laura , Amory Hélène , Grulke Sigrid , Leroux Aurélia A. , Houben Rosa M. , Detilleux Johanne , Sandersen Charlotte C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) function in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).DesignProspective observational study.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsForty‐one horses admitted for colic with clinical evidence of SIRS.InterventionsAll horses underwent Doppler echocardiographic examination on admission. LV echocardiographic parameters, including pulsed‐wave tissue Doppler imaging parameters, were compared between nonsurvivors (n = 29) and horses that survived to discharge (n = 12).Measurements and Main ResultsWith comparable heart rate and LV preload estimate, LV stroke volume index, the velocity time integral, deceleration time, ejection time of Doppler aortic flow, and peak early diastolic myocardial velocity were lower in the nonsurviving than in the surviving horses, while pre‐ejection period to ejection time ratio (PEP/ET) of Doppler aortic flow and the peak early diastolic filling velocity to peak early diastolic myocardial velocity ratio (E/Em) were higher (P < 0.05). A cut‐off value of 0.26 for PEP/ET predicted mortality with 100% sensitivity and 42% specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.71), whereas a cut‐off value of 2.67 for E/Em predicted mortality with 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.89).ConclusionsEchocardiography may provide prognostic information in colic horses with clinical evidence of SIRS. Especially, PEP/ET and E/Em could be useful markers of systolic and diastolic dysfunction, respectively, to detect horses with a high risk of death requiring more intensive cardiovascular monitoring as it has been reported in human patients with septic shock.
Decreased postoperative C‐reactive protein production in dogs with pyometra through the use of low‐dose ketamine
Authors: Liao Pei‐Yu , Chang Shi‐Chieh , Chen Kuan‐Sheng , Wang Hsien‐Chi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of subanesthetic ketamine in dogs with pyometra on C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations following surgery.DesignProspective, nonconcealed, alternating allocation controlled trial.SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsSixteen dogs diagnosed with pyometra.InterventionsThe tentative diagnosis of canine pyometra was based on compatible history, physical examination findings, ultrasonographic findings, and hematological evaluation. Two different anesthesia and analgesic protocols with and without low‐dose ketamine were used during and following ovariohysterectomy in 16 female dogs (n = 8 per group) that were diagnosed with naturally occurring pyometra. Dogs were sequentially allocated to treatment groups in an alternating fashion without concealment. Serum was collected before, 24, and 48 hours after surgery for CRP measurement.Measurements and main resultsPerioperative physical parameters in the 2 groups of dogs were similar. The serum concentrations of CRP in both groups were essentially the same before surgery, but significantly increased in the control group and decreased in ketamine group at 48 hours after surgery.ConclusionsLow‐dose ketamine attenuated the postoperative concentration of serum CRP in dogs with pyometra compared with dogs that did not receive ketamine in the perioperative period. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
Molecular phylogenetics of mouse opossums: new findings on the phylogeny ofThylamys(Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)
Authors: Palma R. Eduardo , Boric‐Bargetto Dusan , Jayat J. Pablo , Flores David A. , Zeballos Horacio , Pacheco Víctor , Cancino Ricardo A. , Alfaro Fernando D. , Rodríguez‐Serrano Enrique , Pardiñas Ulyses F. J. 
Published: April 2014

The mouse opossums of the genusThylamysconstitute a group of species mainly adapted to open xeric‐like habitats and restricted to the southern portion of South America. We used molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear sequences) to evaluate the phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of all currently known living species of the genus, recognizing a new taxon from the middle and high elevations of the Peruvian Andes and evaluating the phylogenetic structuring withinT. pallidiorandT. elegans, as well as the validity ofT. sponsorius,T. cinderellaandT. tatei, and the haplogroups recognized withinT. pusillus. Our results confirm the monophyly of the genus and that the Caatinga and the Cerrado inhabitantsThylamys karimiiandT. velutinusare the most basal species in the radiation ofThylamys. We also calibrated a molecular clock which hypothesized a time of origin of the genus of about 24 My, with most species differentiating in middle and late Miocene and Plio‐Pleistocene times of South America.
Smooth muscle BK channel activity influences blood pressure independent of vascular tone in mice
Authors: Sachse Gregor , Faulhaber Jörg , Seniuk Anika , Ehmke Heimo , Pongs Olaf 
Published: April 2014

Key points
Large conductance voltage‐ and Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (BK channels) require the ancillary subunit BKβ1 for normal function in smooth muscle, renal and adrenal tissues.
BK channels influence vascular tone and blood pressure in mice, and a gain‐of‐function BKβ1 polymorphism has been associated with low prevalence of diastolic hypertension in human population studies.
In this study, we genetically removed the BKβ1 gene in three different strains of mice and then restored BKβ1 expression selectively in smooth muscle to determine its tissue‐specific contribution to blood pressure.
We show that loss of BKβ1 in smooth muscle cells robustly increases vascular tone, but blood pressure of mice lacking BKβ1 was increased, unaltered or decreased depending on the genetic background.
The results clarify the contested view that BK channel activity influences blood pressure by setting vascular tone and they shed light on the relative contribution of vascular and renal/adrenal BK channel activity to blood pressure levels.
AbstractThe large conductance voltage‐ and Ca2+‐activated K+ (BK) channel is an important determinant of vascular tone and contributes to blood pressure regulation. Both activities depend on the ancillary BKβ1 subunit. To determine the significance of smooth muscle BK channel activity for blood pressure regulation, we investigated the potential link between changes in arterial tone and altered blood pressure in BKβ1 knockout (BKβ1−/−) mice from three different genetically defined strains. While vascular tone was consistently increased in all BKβ1−/− mice independent of genetic background, BKβ1−/− strains exhibited increased (strain A), unaltered (strain B) or decreased (strain C) mean arterial blood pressures compared to their corresponding BKβ1+/+ controls. In agreement with previous data on aldosterone regulation by renal/adrenal BK channel function, BKβ1−/− strain A mice have increased plasma aldosterone and increased blood pressure. Consistently, blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors by spironolactone treatment reversibly restored the elevated blood pressure to the BKβ1+/+ strain A level. In contrast, loss of BKβ1 did not affect plasma aldosterone in strain C mice. Smooth muscle‐restricted restoration of BKβ1 expression increased blood pressure in BKβ1−/− strain C mice, implying that impaired smooth muscle BK channel activity lowers blood pressure in these animals. We conclude that BK channel activity directly affects vascular tone but influences blood pressure independent of this effect via different pathways.
Abnormal Weight Gain and Gut Microbiota Modifications Are Side Effects of Long-Term Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Treatment
Authors: Angelakis Emmanouil , Million Matthieu , Kankoe Sallah , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Armougom Fabrice , Giorgi Roch , Raoult Didier 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Doxycycline has been proposed for the treatment of malnourished children in developing countries, and its use has been associated with weight gain in healthy volunteers. No previous studies have assessed abnormal weight gain as a putative side effect of long-term doxycycline treatment; thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize this phenomenon. We also analyzed the role of the gut microbiota in this effect. We assessed changes in the body mass index in Q fever endocarditis patients treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine and healthy individuals with no antibiotic treatment. Abnormal weight gain was defined as a gain in weight above that of the controls. The fecal samples were examined using molecular assays for
Methanobrevibacter smithii
,
Bacteroidetes
,
Firmicutes
,
Escherichia coli
,
Lactobacillus
,
Lactobacillus reuteri
, and total bacterial concentrations. We examined 82 patients, including 48 patients with Q fever endocarditis and 34 controls. Approximately 23% of the treated patients showed abnormal weight gain (
P
= 0.001). Patients treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine presented significantly lower concentrations of
Bacteroidetes
(
P
= 0.002),
Firmicutes
(
P
= 0.01), and
Lactobacillus
(
P
= 0.02). The linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of treatment was significantly associated with a decrease in
Bacteroidetes
(
P
= 0.0001),
Firmicutes
(
P
= 0.002), and total bacteria (
P
< 0.00001). Abnormal weight gain is a side effect of long-term doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine treatment. Gut microbiota modifications at the phylum level could play an instrumental role in this effect. We highlight the need for specific nutritional care in patients undergoing long-term antibiotic treatment, particularly treatment involving the use of doxycycline.
Correlation between Plasma, Intracellular, and Cervical Tissue Levels of Raltegravir at Steady-State Dosing in Healthy Women
Authors: Mitchell Caroline , Roemer Emily , Nkwopara Evangelyn , Robbins Brian , Cory Theodore , Rue Tessa , Fletcher Courtney V. , Frenkel Lisa 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Raltegravir is an antiretroviral with potential value for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV, but the intracellular pharmacokinetics in genital tissue have not been described. In this study, healthy, HIV-uninfected nonpregnant women took 400 mg of raltegravir twice daily for 22 days. On day 8, 15, and 22, blood was collected 0, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h and cervical biopsy specimens taken 0, 6, and 12 h after raltegravir dosing. Plasma and intracellular raltegravir concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cervical tissue were measured by tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed effects models evaluated correlations between different sample types, as well as differences in concentration between phases of the menstrual cycle. Ten women were enrolled: 9 completed all three visits and 1 completed two visits. The age (mean ± standard deviation) of participants was 30 ± 8 years. Trough plasma concentrations of raltegravir 12 h after a directly observed dose were above the HIV 95% inhibitory concentration (IC
95
) of 33 nM (14.6 ng/ml) in 96% of measurements, compared to 67% of PBMC and 89% of cervical tissue trough values. Across all measurements, only 2% (3/135) of plasma values fell below the IC
95
, compared to 10% (13/135) for PBMC and 6% (5/81) for cervical tissue. There was no impact of menstrual phase on raltegravir concentrations. In conclusion, cervical tissue raltegravir concentrations were no greater than plasma concentrations, and ∼10% of all cervical tissue trough values were below the IC
95
, making the current twice-daily formulation of raltegravir impractical for PrEP.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Primaquine and Chloroquine
Authors: Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Tarning Joel , Jittamala Podjanee , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Lawpoolsri Saranath , Lee Sue J. , Hanpithakpong Warunee , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Day Nicholas P. J. , Ashley Elizabeth A. , White Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Chloroquine combined with primaquine has been the standard radical curative regimen for
Plasmodium vivax
and
Plasmodium ovale
malaria for over half a century. In an open-label crossover pharmacokinetic study, 16 healthy volunteers (4 males and 12 females) aged 20 to 47 years were randomized into two groups of three sequential hospital admissions to receive a single oral dose of 30 mg (base) primaquine, 600 mg (base) chloroquine, and the two drugs together. The coadministration of the two drugs did not affect chloroquine or desethylchloroquine pharmacokinetics but increased plasma primaquine concentrations significantly (
P
≤ 0.005); the geometric mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) increases were 63% (47 to 81%) in maximum concentration and 24% (13 to 35%) in total exposure. There were also corresponding increases in plasma carboxyprimaquine concentrations (
P
≤ 0.020). There were no significant electrocardiographic changes following primaquine administration, but there was slight corrected QT (QTc) (Fridericia) interval lengthening following chloroquine administration (median [range] = 6.32 [−1.45 to 12.3] ms;
P
< 0.001), which was not affected by the addition of primaquine (5.58 [1.74 to 11.4] ms;
P
= 0.642). This pharmacokinetic interaction may explain previous observations of synergy in preventing
P. vivax
relapse. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under reference number NCT01218932.