bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Reynolds-number wakes of elliptical cylinders: from the circular cylinder to the normal flat plate
Authors: Thompson Mark C. , Radi Alexander , Rao Anirudh , Sheridan John , Hourigan Kerry 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhile the wake of a circular cylinder and, to a lesser extent, the normal flat plate have been studied in considerable detail, the wakes of elliptic cylinders have not received similar attention. However, the wakes from the first two bodies have considerably different characteristics, in terms of three-dimensional transition modes, and near- and far-wake structure. This paper focuses on elliptic cylinders, which span these two disparate cases. The Strouhal number and drag coefficient variations with Reynolds number are documented for the two-dimensional shedding regime. There are considerable differences from the standard circular cylinder curve. The different three-dimensional transition modes are also examined using Floquet stability analysis based on computed two-dimensional periodic base flows. As the cylinder aspect ratio (major to minor axis) is decreased, mode A is no longer unstable for aspect ratios below 0.25, as the wake deviates further from the standard Bénard–von Kármán state. For still smaller aspect ratios, another three-dimensional quasi-periodic mode becomes unstable, leading to a different transition scenario. Interestingly, for the 0.25 aspect ratio case, mode A restabilises above a Reynolds number of approximately 125, allowing the wake to return to a two-dimensional state, at least in the near wake. For the flat plate, three-dimensional simulations show that the shift in the Strouhal number from the two-dimensional value is gradual with Reynolds number, unlike the situation for the circular cylinder wake once mode A shedding develops. Dynamic mode decomposition is used to characterise the spatially evolving character of the wake as it undergoes transition from the primary Bénard–von Kármán-like near wake into a two-layered wake, through to a secondary Bénard–von Kármán-like wake further downstream, which in turn develops an even longer wavelength unsteadiness. It is also used to examine the differences in the two- and three-dimensional near-wake state, showing the increasing distortion of the two-dimensional rollers as the Reynolds number is increased.
Tolerability and efficacy of the monoaminergic stabilizer (−)-OSU6162 (PNU-96391A) in Huntington’s disease: a double-blind cross-over study
Authors: Kloberg Angelica , Constantinescu Radu , Nilsson Marie Karin Lena , Carlsson Maria Lizzie , Carlsson Arvid , Wahlström Jan , Haghighi Sara 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety (primary objective) and efficacy (secondary objective) of (−)-OSU6162 in Huntington’s disease (HD).MethodsIn a double-blind, cross-over trial, patients with HD were randomly assigned to start treatment on either (−)-OSU6162 or placebo. After 4 weeks, those patients who initially received active drug were switched to placebo for another 4 weeks, and vice versa. During the first week the (−)-OSU6162 dose was 15 mg twice daily, during the second week 30 mg twice daily, and during the last 2 weeks 45 mg twice daily. Motor, cognitive, mental and social functions were rated by the clinical investigator or by self-assessment, using established rating scales.ResultsFifteen patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria completed the study. (−)-OSU6162 was well tolerated by all patients and no adverse effects were observed. (−)-OSU6162 treatment significantly improved the Short Form 36 Vitality score, mainly due to an improvement of the individual item ‘worn-out’ (VT3). In addition, an improvement of depressive symptoms was found using Beck Depression Inventory. In contrast to a general trend of improvement in several non-motor variables only small and non-significant differences between (−)-OSU6162 and placebo were found regarding motor functions.Conclusions(−)-OSU6162 offers promise for the treatment of HD, as a drug with good tolerability, capable of improving the patients’ experienced non-motor functions such as energy and mood and thus alleviating symptoms of great importance for their quality of life.
Spatial and temporal variation of planktonic cnidarian density in subtropical waters of the Southern Brazilian Bight
Authors: Nagata Renato Mitsuo , Nogueira Júnior Miodeli , Brandini Frederico Pereira , Haddad Maria Angélica 
Published: June 2014

The spatial and temporal variations of planktonic cnidarians were studied across the inner continental shelf (≤40 m) off the State of Paraná in southern Brazil. Monthly zooplankton samples were taken between November 1997 and March 1999 at five stations. The holoplanktonicLiriope tetraphyllaandMuggiaea kochidominated during the entire period, comprising >80% of the specimens. The coast–ocean gradient became evident due to a near-coastal (≤20 m) assemblage formed byL. tetraphylla, Solmaris coronaand meroplanktonic medusae, and a distinct outer (25–40 m) assemblage formed by the medusaeCorymorpha gracilisandAglaura hemistomaand siphonophores. The estuarine runoff during warm rainy periods lowered the salinity (~30) at the inner stations (1, 2 and 3), providing appropriate conditions for the estuarine/coastal species. Wind-driven onshore advection of outer-shelf species to the inner isobaths occurred from late autumn to winter, when the rainfall decreased and salinity increased (>35). Population peaks occurred in both summer and winter at the inner stations. For most species, the seasonal patterns were inconsistent with other studies conducted in the Southern Brazilian Bight, suggesting irregular and unpredictable seasonal distributions of abundance. Whereas in high-latitude ecosystems the dynamics of cnidarian populations follows the seasonal productivity cycle, here, complex hydrographic processes seem to be more important in determining the structure and seasonal dynamics of this community.
Do premorbid and post-onset cognitive functioning differ between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trotta A. , Murray R. M. , MacCabe J. H. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by a broad global cognitive impairment that precedes the onset of the disease. By contrast, some studies suggest that premorbid deficits are absent, or even reversed, in bipolar disorder (BD). However, studies have shown impairments in cognitive functioning after the illness onset in both disorders. The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze those studies that compared premorbid and/or post-onset global cognitive function between SZ and BD.MethodWe searched Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and PsycINFO for studies where information on cognitive functioning was collected in both SZ and BD within the same study or using the same methods.ResultsCompared to healthy comparison groups, SZ patients showed a significant premorbid cognitive impairment [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.597, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.707 to −0.487, p < 0.0001] and a large post-onset impairment (SMD −1.369, 95% CI −1.578 to −1.160, p < 0.0001). We found small significant deficits in premorbid intellectual function in the BD group when this was assessed retrospectively (−0.147, 95% CI −0.238 to −0.056, p = 0.001) but not prospectively (−0.029, 95% CI −0.199 to + 0.142, p = 0.744), and moderate cognitive impairment after onset (SMD −0.623, 95% CI −0.717 to −0.529, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsSZ is characterized by significant deficits in premorbid intellectual function but the evidence regarding premorbid function in BD is equivocal. After illness onset, patients with both disorders seem to suffer a further decline in cognitive function but the magnitude of the impairment remains greater in SZ than in BD.
What are the impacts of giving up the driving licence?
Authors: SIREN ANU , HAUSTEIN SONJA 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDriving cessation is a gradual process, where driver's self-regulation plays an important role. Age-based licence renewal may interfere with this process and trigger premature driving cessation. The present study compares Danish drivers (aged 69 years at the baseline) who either renewed or gave up their driving licence. Data were collected in 2009 (N=1,792) and in 2012 (N=863). The standardised interviews covered respondents' background information, health and wellbeing, and transportation patterns. Non-renewers had poorer health already at baseline but did become more dependent on others in their activities after giving up their licence. In travel frequency, neither the differences between renewers and non-renewers nor the changes over time within the groups were pronounced. The groups differed in their use of transport modes already at the baseline: the renewers drove, while non-renewers travelled as passengers, used public transport, walked or cycled. Not renewing the licence was a strong predictor of unmet mobility needs, especially in relation to leisure activities. The present study indicates that younger seniors' mobility is not likely to be affected by the strict renewal policies. However, given the positive economic and safety consequences of independent mobility in old age, society should try to prevent unwarranted mobility loss. Having restrictive, ageist policies that moreover fail as societal investments may work against this goal.
Associations between parental feeding practices, problem food behaviours and dietary intake in New Zealand overweight children aged 4–8 years
Authors: Haszard Jillian J , Skidmore Paula ML , Williams Sheila M , Taylor Rachael W 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveParents report that children’s eating behaviours are a major barrier to providing them with a healthy diet. Links between problem eating behaviours and parental feeding practices are not well established and have not previously been examined in overweight children. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between problem food behaviours, dietary intake and parental feeding practices of overweight children aged 4–8 years.DesignParticipants were recruited for a lifestyle intervention (n203). At baseline, children’s BMI was measured and parents completed comprehensive questionnaires about the feeding practices they used, the problem food behaviours their children exhibited and the foods their child consumed. A fussy eating scale was developed and associations were determined using correlations and regression analysis, including interactions.SettingDunedin, New Zealand.SubjectsOverweight children aged 4–8 years.ResultsHealthy eating guidance and monitoring by parents were related to the consumption of fewer unhealthy foods (B=−0·4,P=0·001 andB=−0·4,P<0·001). Conversely, a lack of parental control (child control) was related to a higher intake of unhealthy foods (B= 0·5,P<0·001).Parents of children who were fussy eaters monitored their child’s food intake less (P<0·001) and allowed the child more freedom over what he/she ate (P<0·001). These children consumed fewer fruit and vegetables than those who were not fussy eaters (P<0·001). However, fussy eaters with food-restrictive parents ate more fruit and vegetables (B=2·9,P<0·001).ConclusionsThese results suggest that a more structured food environment might be beneficial for the diet and food behaviours of young overweight children.
A qualitative study of shopper experiences at an urban farmers’ market using the Stanford Healthy Neighborhood Discovery Tool
Authors: Buman Matthew P , Bertmann Farryl , Hekler Eric B , Winter Sandra J , Sheats Jylana L , King Abby C , Wharton Christopher M 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo understand factors which enhance or detract from farmers’ market shopper experiences to inform targeted interventions to increase farmers’ market utilization, community-building and social marketing strategies.DesignA consumer-intercept study using the Stanford Healthy Neighborhood Discovery Tool to capture real-time perceptions via photographs and audio narratives.SettingAn urban farmers’ market in a large metropolitan US city.ParticipantsThirty-eight farmers’ market shoppers, who recorded 748 unique coded elements through community-based participatory research methods.ResultsShoppers were primarily women (65 %), 18–35 years of age (54 %), non-Hispanic (81 %) and white (73 %). Shoppers captured 291 photographs (7·9 (sd 6·3) per shopper), 171 audio narratives (5·3 (sd 4·7) per shopper), and ninety-one linked photograph + audio narrative pairs (3·8 (sd 2·8) per shopper). A systematic content analysis of the photographs and audio narratives was conducted by eight independent coders. In total, nine common elements emerged from the data that enhanced the farmers’ market experience (61·8 %), detracted from the experience (5·7 %) or were neutral (32·4 %). The most frequently noted elements were freshness/abundance of produce (23·3 %), product presentation (12·8 %), social interactions (12·4 %) and farmers’ market attractions (e.g. live entertainment, dining offerings; 10·3 %).ConclusionsWhile produce quality (i.e. freshness/abundance) was of primary importance, other contextual factors also appeared important to the shoppers’ experiences. These results may inform social marketing strategies to increase farmers’ market utilization and community-building efforts that target market venues.
Microstructure Refinement of Cold-Sprayed Copper Investigated By Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yinyin , Brodusch Nicolas , Descartes Sylvie , Chromik Richard R. , Gauvin Raynald 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe electron channeling contrast imaging technique was used to investigate the microstructure of copper coatings fabricated by cold gas dynamic spray. The high velocity impact characteristics for cold spray led to the formation of many substructures, such as high density dislocation walls, dislocation cells, deformation twins, and ultrafine equiaxed subgrains/grains. A schematic model is proposed to explain structure refinement of Cu during cold spray, where an emphasis is placed on the role of dislocation configurations and twinning.
‘A magnificent business prospect . . .’ the Coase theorem, the extortion problem, and the creation of Coase theorem worlds
Authors: MEDEMA STEVEN G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Coase theorem, circa the 1970s, had no settled meaning or content; instead, that meaning and content was created – and in differing ways – by the modeling choices of scholars who attempted to grapple with and assess the proposition that Coase had laid out in 1960. These modeling decisions included both the theoretical frameworks laid onto the theorem and the assumptions (including meanings ascribed thereto) said to underlie it. The present article illustrates this using the 1960s and 1970s extortion debate as a backdrop, showing how conclusions reached regarding the theorem's validity hinged on the Coase theorem worlds created by the authors involved.
Erratum: Links between plant and fungal communities across a deforestation chronosequence in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Mueller Rebecca C , Paula Fabiana S , Mirza Babur S , Rodrigues Jorge L M , Nüsslein Klaus , Bohannan Brendan J M 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2014) 8, 1548–1550; doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.253; published online 23 January 2014 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified errors in the Supplementary Information, mainly concerning the listed primer sequences. There was a deletion in the primer sequence listed for the second stage PCR.
Temporal disease trajectories condensed from population-wide registry data covering 6.2 million patients
Authors: Jensen Anders Boeck , Moseley Pope L. , Oprea Tudor I. , Ellesøe Sabrina Gade , Eriksson Robert , Schmock Henriette , Jensen Peter Bjødstrup , Jensen Lars Juhl , Brunak Søren 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA key prerequisite for precision medicine is the estimation of disease progression from the current patient state. Disease correlations and temporal disease progression (trajectories) have mainly been analysed with focus on a small number of diseases or using large-scale approaches without time consideration, exceeding a few years. So far, no large-scale studies have focused on defining a comprehensive set of disease trajectories. Here we present a discovery-driven analysis of temporal disease progression patterns using data from an electronic health registry covering the whole population of Denmark. We use the entire spectrum of diseases and convert 14.9 years of registry data on 6.2 million patients into 1,171 significant trajectories. We group these into patterns centred on a small number of key diagnoses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and gout, which are central to disease progression and hence important to diagnose early to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes. We suggest such trajectory analyses may be useful for predicting and preventing future diseases of individual patients.
High-contrast sub-millivolt inelastic X-ray scattering for nano- and mesoscale science
Authors: Shvyd’ko Yuri , Stoupin Stanislav , Shu Deming , Collins Stephen P. , Mundboth Kiran , Sutter John , Tolkiehn Martin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPhoton and neutron inelastic scattering spectrometers are microscopes for imaging condensed matter dynamics on very small length and time scales. Inelastic X-ray scattering permitted the first quantitative studies of picosecond nanoscale dynamics in disordered systems almost 20 years ago. However, the nature of the liquid-glass transition still remains one of the great unsolved problems in condensed matter physics. It calls for studies at hitherto inaccessible time and length scales, and therefore for substantial improvements in the spectral and momentum resolution of the inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometers along with a major enhancement in spectral contrast. Here we report a conceptually new spectrometer featuring a spectral resolution function with steep, almost Gaussian tails, sub-meV (≃620 μeV) bandwidth and improved momentum resolution. The spectrometer opens up uncharted space on the dynamics landscape. New results are presented on the dynamics of liquid glycerol, in the regime that has become accessible with the novel spectrometer.
Nature of strong hole pairing in doped Mott antiferromagnets
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Jiang Hong-Chen , Sheng D. N. , Weng Zheng-Yu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCooper pairing instability in a Fermi liquid is well understood by the BCS theory, but pairing mechanism for doped Mott insulators still remains elusive. Previously it has been shown by density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method that a single doped hole is always self-localized due to the quantum destructive interference of the phase string signs hidden in the t-J ladders. Here we report a DMRG investigation of hole binding in the same model, where a novel pairing-glue scheme beyond the BCS realm is discovered. Specifically, we show that, in addition to spin pairing due to superexchange interaction, the strong frustration of the phase string signs on the kinetic energy gets effectively removed by pairing the charges, which results in strong binding of two holes. By contrast, if the phase string signs are “switched off” artificially, the pairing strength diminishes significantly even if the superexchange coupling remains the same. In the latter, unpaired holes behave like coherent quasiparticles with pairing drastically weakened, whose sole origin may be attributed to the resonating-valence-bond (RVB) pairing of spins. Such non-BCS pairing mechanism is therefore beyond the RVB picture and may shed important light on the high-Tc cuprate superconductors.
A single element in the 3′UTR of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter controls both stabilization and destabilization of mRNA
Authors: Soler Dellys M. , Ghosh Ayantika , Chen Frank , Shneider Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2014

mRNA stability appears to play a key role in the ontogenic regulation of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT). The RNA-binding proteins Hu antigen R (HuR) and tristetraprolin (TTP) stabilize and destabilize ASBT mRNA, respectively. Potential HuR-binding sites were assessed by sequence analysis in the context of prior in vitro functional analyses of the rat ASBT 3′UTR. Wild-type and mutant-binding sites were investigated by gel-shift analysis using IEC-6 cell extracts. The functional consequences of binding site mutations were assessed using two different hybrid reporter constructs linking the 3′UTR element to either a luciferase or a β-globin coding mRNA sequence. A specific metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) cis-element was identified in the ASBT 3′UTR that became associated with proteins in IEC-6 cell extracts and could be supershifted by anti-HuR or anti-TTP antibodies. Mutation of this cis-element abrogated the gel shift of IEC-6 proteins. Furthermore, hybrid constructs containing a mutant MTA1 element had reduced responses to modulation of HuR or TTP. For the first time, we have identified a single specific sequence element in the 3′UTR of the rat ASBT mRNA that mediates counter-regulatory changes in mRNA abundance in response to both HuR and TTP.
DASH Diet, Insulin Resistance, and Serum hs-CRP in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Asemi Z. , Esmaillzadeh A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on insulin resistance and serum hs-CRP in overweight and obese women with PCOS. This randomized controlled clinical trial was done on 48 women diagnosed with PCOS. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either the control (n=24) or the DASH eating pattern (n=24) for 8 weeks. The DASH diet consisted of 52% carbohydrates, 18% proteins, and 30% total fats. It was designed to be rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets. Sodium content of the DASH diet was designed to be less than 2 400 mg/day. The control diet was also designed to contain 52% carbohydrates, 18% protein, and 30% total fat. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks intervention to measure ­insulin resistance and serum hs-CRP levels. ­Adherence to the DASH eating pattern, compared to the ­control diet, resulted in a significant reduction of serum insulin levels (−1.88 vs. 2.89 μIU/ml, p=0.03), HOMA-IR score (−0.45 vs. 0.80; p=0.01), and serum hs-CRP levels (−763.29 vs. 665.95 ng/ml, p=0.009). Additionally, a significant reduction in waist (−5.2 vs. −2.1 cm; p=0.003) and hip circumference (−5.9 vs. −1 cm; p<0.0001) was also seen in the DASH group compared with the control group. In conclusion, consumption of the DASH eating pattern for 8 weeks in overweight and obese women with PCOS resulted in the improvement of insulin resistance, serum hs-CRP levels, and abdominal fat accumulation.Clinical trial registration number: www.irct.ir: IRCT201304235623N6
Phase locking and multiple oscillating attractors for the coupled mammalian clock and cell cycle
Authors: Feillet Céline , Krusche Peter , Tamanini Filippo , Janssens Roel C. , Downey Mike J. , Martin Patrick , Teboul Michèle , Saito Shoko , Lévi Francis A. , Bretschneider Till , van der Horst Gijsbertus T. J. , Delaunay Franck , Rand David A. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
In tissues such as bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, or regenerating liver, the daily rhythm of cell division is controlled by the cell’s circadian clock. Determining how this clock organizes important processes such as cell division, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair is key to understanding the links between circadian dysfunction and malignant cell proliferation. We show that in proliferating mouse fibroblasts there is more than one way in which the clock and cell cycle synchronize their oscillations and that one of them is the biological equivalent of the phase locking first discovered by Huygens in the 17th century when he coupled two clocks together. When phase-locked two coupled oscillators have a fixed relative phase and oscillate with a common frequency.