bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐compact end‐loaded planar dipole antenna for ultra‐wideband radar and communication applications
Authors: Shadrokh Shahin , Yu Yi‐Qiang , Jolani Farid , Chen Zhizhang 
Published: September 2014

A planar dipole antenna is loaded with LC‐tank resonators and chip resistors presented for ultra‐wideband (UWB) radar and communication systems. Each staircase rectangular arm of the proposed planar dipole is loaded with an open complementary double concentric split‐hexagonal‐ring resonator (LC‐tank) and a pair of chip resistors at the end for bandwidth enhancement, whereas a broadband microstrip to parallel‐plate transformer (or balun) is applied as the feeding structure of the antenna to provide impedance matching as well as balanced–unbalanced transition. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna operates over a frequency bandwidth of 0.64–3.8 GHz with S11 < −15 dB and exhibits highly directive radiation patterns for the first 100% of the operating bandwidth (0.64–2 GHz) with gains in the range 2.2–4.2 dBi.
External Validation of the National Healthcare Safety Network Risk Models for Surgical Site Infections in Total Hip and Knee Replacements
Authors: Lewallen Laura W. , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Lahr Brian D. , Mabry Tad M. , Steckelberg James M. , Berry Daniel J. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Berbari Elie F. , Osmon Douglas R. 
Published: September 2014

Background.The National Healthcare Safety Network surgical site infections risk models for hip (HPRO) and knee (KPRO) replacement are intended for case-mix adjustment when reporting surgical site infection rates across institutions, but they are not validated in external data setsObjective.To evaluate the validity of HPRO and KPRO risk models and improvement in risk prediction with inclusion of information on morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Patients.A single-center cohort of 21,941 hip and knee replacement procedures performed between 2002 and 2009.Methods.Discriminative ability was assessed using the concordance statistic (C statistic). Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests.Results.The discrimination of HPRO was good, with a C statistic of 0.695 for surgical site infections and 0.749 for prosthetic joint infections. The discrimination of KPRO was worse than that of HPRO, with a C statistic of 0.592 for surgical site infections and 0.675 for prosthetic joint infections. Adding morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus to the HPRO and KPRO risk models modestly improved discrimination. There was no significant evidence of miscalibration based on the Hosmer-Lemeshow tests, but calibration of HPRO models appeared to be better than that of the KPRO models.Conclusions.HPRO performed better than the KPRO in predicting surgical site infections after hip and knee replacements. Both fared well in predicting prosthetic joint infections.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(11):1323–1329
A Pseudo-Outbreak due toAcinetobacterSpecies (GIM-1) Contamination of the Pneumatic Transport System of a Large University Hospital
Authors: Herrmann Mathias , Jungmann Sven , Halfmann Alexander , Dawson Alik , Kaase Martin , Gatermann Sören , von Müller Lutz , Gärtner Barbara C. 
Published: September 2014

Objective.To establish the source and contamination routes resulting in positive clinical and surveillance microbiological cultures with carbapenem-resistant, GIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase–positiveAcinetobacter pitiiandAcinetobacter radioresistensfrom 21 patients in 8 departmentsDesign.Retrospective, descriptive study.Setting.A 1,300-bed tertiary care academic medical facility consisting of 90 buildings linked by a pneumatic transport system (PTS).Methods.Microbiological workup of the cluster strains included matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight species identification, phenotypic carbapenemase tests, polymerase chain reaction–based genotyping of carbapenemase, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Outbreak management procedures were employed according to institutional regulations.Results.The rarity of GIM-1Acinetobacterspecies in the hospital and region, the lack of epidemiological links between patients, and the fact that in some patients the apparent colonization was clearly nonnosocomial prompted the suspicion of a pseudo-outbreak. Numerous environmental cultures were positive for GIM-1-positiveAcinetobacter(including archived sample requisition forms, PTS capsules, cultures from line-diverter and dispenser stations, and sterilized transport capsules following PTS delivery). Moreover, it was observed that condensation fluid from subterranean PTS tubing resulted in water entry in PTS capsules, possibly conferring specimen contamination. After extensive system disinfection, environmental surveys of the PTS were negative, and no further positive patient specimens were encountered.Conclusions.This is the first report of a PTS-associated pseudo-outbreak. The large number of falsely positive patient-related specimens in conjunction with the potential hazard of airborne and contact spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (in this case, GIM-1 carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacterspecies) underscores the need for implementation of infection control–based monitoring and operating procedures in a hospital PTS.
CREDO: a new general-purpose laboratory instrument for small-angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Wacha András , Varga Zoltán , Bóta Attila 
Published: September 2014

The details of a newly constructed small-angle X-ray scattering instrument are presented. The geometry of the instrument is highly customizable, enabling it to address vastly different experimental situations from academic research to industrial problems. The high degree of motorization and automation compared to conventional laboratory-scale SAXS instruments facilitates the alignment and daily use. Data reduction routines are incorporated in the instrument control software, yielding fully corrected and calibrated results promptly after the end of measurements. Optimization of the fluxversus resolution balance can be done routinely for each measurement task. A wide, continuous range ofq= 4πsinθ/λ can be reached, from below 0.02 nm−1up to 30 nm−1, corresponding to periodic distances ofca 350 nm down to 0.2 nm. A few representative results obtained from samples of different research fields demonstrate the versatility of the instrument. Scattering curves are routinely calibrated into absolute units using a glassy carbon secondary standard. More information and recent developments can be found on the web page of the instrument at http://credo.ttk.mta.hu.
Designing farm supplemental revenue coverage options on top of crop insurance coverage
Authors: Bulut Harun , J. Collins Keith 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to use simulation analysis to assess farmer choice between crop insurance and supplemental revenue options as proposed during development of the Agricultural Act of 2014.

Design/methodology/approach
– The certainty equivalent of wealth is used to rank farm choices and assess the effects of supplemental revenue options on the crop insurance plan and coverage level chosen by the producer under a range of farm attributes. The risk-reducing effectiveness of the select programs is also examined through their impact on the farm revenue distribution. The dependence structure of yield and prices is modeled by applying copula techniques on historical data.

Findings
– Farm program supplemental revenue programs generally have no effect on crop insurance choices. Crop insurance supplemental revenue programs typically reduce crop insurance coverage at high coverage levels. An individual plan of crop insurance combined with a supplemental revenue insurance plan may substitute for incumbent area crop insurance plans.

Originality/value
– The analysis provides insights into farmers’ possible choices by focussing on alternative crops and farm attributes and extensive scenarios, using current data, crop insurance plans and programs contained in the 2014 Farm Bill and related bills. The results should be of value to policy officials and producers in regards to the design and use of risk management tools.
Exploring the structure of international technology diffusion
Authors: Huang Hung-Chun , Shih Hsin-Yu 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to provide a macro perspective on diffusion structure research, and to investigate the deep structure of international technology diffusion and structural differences between technology diffusion networks. This work also provides an understanding of the nature of globalization. Globalization has highlighted changes in socioeconomics and is reshaping the world. However, when comparing endogenous factors, exogenous factors are complex and demonstrate themselves as network phenomena. These network phenomena compose themselves as neither sole nor independent units. Countries in the global network act interdependently, and heavily influence one another.Design/methodology/approach– This study utilizes social network analysis to investigate the structural configuration of international technology diffusion. This investigation uses a sample of 42 countries over the period from 1997 to 2008. The data set contains two categories: bilateral trade flow and aggregate R&D expenditure. Meanwhile, this study uses block model analysis to reveal a network structure, which can precisely illustrate a global network configuration.Findings– The findings not only illustrate the pattern change of diffusion from a cascade-like to radial-like structure, but also present the structural configuration of technologically advanced countries and their competitive positions.Practical implications– In the shift to a diffusive structure, time and space are represented in new ways. Therefore, radial-like diffusion structure can provide some technological development approaches for countries interested in exogenous effects for technological growth and managing their international relation.Originality/value– This study is the first to use a multilateral perspective and longitudinal data to examine a cross-country network structure, to provide an understanding of the nature of globalization, its conceptualization and how influence and effects are transmitted through the interconnectedness of international technology diffusion.
Climate change effects upon massive land and housing development
Authors: Jahangir Alam Md , Akter Mullick Reaz 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects on urban flood from rapidly growing land and housing development projects in flood zones and water bodies in and around Dhaka. The paper further extends the analysis to generate an insight into Dhaka’s urban flood due to possible climate change effects on top of land and housing development projects effects.

Design/methodology/approach
– A mixed method was applied for this research comprising qualitative techniques for analyzing the date gathered from reviewing the policies including the Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan reports, interviews, discussions and maps, whereas quantitative analysis was used to interpret the data gathered from the global positioning system (GPS) survey and questionnaire survey among the resident of the selected housing projects.

Findings
– Findings show that a large number of the projects have encroached flood-flow zones and ditches and drainage channels through massive land filling, which resulted in quick changes of land use with wide range of impacts on environment and habitat quality. This study highlighted that the potential climate change impact involves increasing rainfall and subsequent increase flooding. Besides, vast area will be submerged under water and increased warming in the city from high speed built-up area by unauthorized land development.

Originality/value
– The results of the research can be taken into consideration when making political decisions concerning adaptation to climate change.
Leadership religiosity: a critical analysis
Authors: McCormack Mark , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren , L. Craven Krista 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of leadership religiosity in a local non-profit organizational setting, from a larger program evaluation project, and to problematize prevailing theoretical assumptions in the leadership religiosity literature about the nature of religion in organizational settings.

Design/methodology/approach
– Methods of data collection consisted primarily of in-depth interviewing, observations, and document content analysis of organizational publications, web sites, and social media. The larger program evaluation project also utilized social network analysis and surveys.

Findings
– The data highlights several important manifestations of leadership religiosity that serve to legitimate potentially unhealthy leadership tendencies and organizational processes: unrealistic future goals in strategic planning and dogmatic decision making. Both stem from the perceived divine origination of the organization in question, and from the perceived divine authority placed upon the leader of the organization.

Practical implications
– This research challenges prevailing theoretical assumptions about religion in the workplace that characterize “religion” as wholly distinct from other social, political, and organizational processes and inherently positive or beneficial. Conclusions about the potential benefits of religion for organizational life should therefore be made with caution and with a more robust and balanced understanding of the constructed nature of religion.

Originality/value
– This paper adds much-needed nuance to the extant literature on leadership religiosity, the vast majority of which assumes certain a priori qualities and values in religion and considers only the positive manifestations and functions of religion. While religiosity is often associated with certain organizational benefits, more robust discussion must examine the potential for religion to be manifested or used in the service of more negative or harmful purposes and ends.
Diapause induction and relaxed selection on alternative developmental pathways in a butterfly
Authors: Aalberg Haugen Inger M. , Gotthard Karl 
Published: September 2014

SummarySeasonal phenotypic plasticity entails differential trait expression depending on the time of season. The facultative induction of winter diapause in temperate insects is a developmental switch mechanism often leading to differential expression in life‐history traits. However, when there is a latitudinal shift from a bivoltine to univoltine life cycle, selection for pathway‐specific expression is disrupted, which may allow drift towards less optimal trait values within the non‐selected pathway.We use field‐ and experimental data from five Swedish populations ofPararge aegeriato investigate latitudinal variation in voltinism, local adaptation in the diapause switch and footprints of selection on pathway‐specific regulation of life‐history traits and sexual dimorphism in larval development.Field data clearly illustrated how natural populations gradually shift from bivoltinism to univoltinism as latitude increases. This was supported experimentally as the decrease in direct development at higher latitudes was accompanied by increasing critical daylengths, suggesting local adaptation in the diapause switch.The differential expression among developmental pathways in development time and growth rate was significantly less pronounced in univoltine populations. Univoltine populations showed no significant signs of protandry during larval development, suggesting that erosion of the direct development pathway under relaxed selection has led to the loss of its sex‐specific modifications.
Persistent sex‐by‐environment effects on offspring fitness and sex‐ratio adjustment in a wild bird population
Authors: Bowers E. Keith , Thompson Charles F. , Sakaluk Scott K. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

A major component of sex‐allocation theory, the Trivers–Willard model (TWM), posits that sons and daughters are differentially affected by variation in the rearing environment. In many species, the amount of parental care received is expected to have differing effects on the fitness of males and females. When this occurs, the TWM predicts that selection should favour adjustment of the offspring sex ratio in relation to the expected fitness return from offspring. However, evidence for sex‐by‐environment effects is mixed, and little is known about the adaptive significance of producing either sex.

Here, we test whether offspring sex ratios vary according to predictions of the TWM in the house wren (Troglodytes aedon, Vieillot). We also test the assumption of a sex‐by‐environment effect on offspring using two experiments, one in which we manipulated age differences among nestlings within broods, and another in which we held nestling age constant but manipulated brood size.

As predicted, females with high investment ability overproduced sons relative to those with lower ability. Males were also overproduced early within breeding seasons. In our experiments, the body mass of sons was more strongly affected by the sibling‐competitive environment and resource availability than that of daughters: males grew heavier than females when reared in good conditions but were lighter than females when in poor conditions.

Parents rearing broods with 1:1 sex ratios were more productive than parents rearing broods biased more strongly towards sons or daughters, suggesting that selection favours the production of mixed‐sex broods. However, differences in the condition of offspring as neonates persisted to adulthood, and their reproductive success as adults varied with the body mass of sons, but not daughters, prior to independence from parental care. Thus, selection should favour slight but predictable variations in the sex ratio in relation to the quality of offspring that parents are able to produce.

Offspring sex interacts with the neonatal environment to influence offspring fitness, thus favouring sex‐ratio adjustment by parents. However, increased sensitivity of males to environmental conditions, such as sibling rivalry and resource availability, reduces the fitness returns from highly male‐biased broods.
Latitudinal and photic effects on diel foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Beauchamp David A. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Clark & Levy (American Naturalist, 131, 1988, 271–290) described an antipredation window for smaller planktivorous fish during crepuscular periods when light permits feeding on zooplankton, but limits visual detection by piscivores. Yet, how the window is influenced by the interaction between light regime, turbidity and cloud cover over a broad latitudinal gradient remains unexplored.

We evaluated how latitudinal and seasonal shifts in diel light regimes alter the foraging‐risk environment for visually feeding planktivores and piscivores across a natural range of turbidities and cloud covers. Pairing a model of aquatic visual feeding with a model of sun and moon illuminance, we estimated foraging rates of an idealized planktivore and piscivore over depth and time across factorial combinations of latitude (0–70°), turbidity (0·1–5 NTU) and cloud cover (clear to overcast skies) during the summer solstice and autumnal equinox. We evaluated the foraging‐risk environment based on changes in the magnitude, duration and peak timing of the antipredation window.

The model scenarios generated up to 10‐fold shifts in magnitude, 24‐fold shifts in duration and 5·5‐h shifts in timing of the peak antipredation window. The size of the window increased with latitude. This pattern was strongest during the solstice. In clear water at low turbidity (0·1–0·5 NTU), peaks in the magnitude and duration of the window formed at 57–60° latitude, before falling to near zero as surface waters became saturated with light under a midnight sun and clear skies at latitudes near 70°. Overcast dampened the midnight sun enough to allow larger windows to form in clear water at high latitudes. Conversely, at turbidities ≥2 NTU, greater reductions in the visual range of piscivores than planktivores created a window for long periods at high latitudes. Latitudinal dependencies were essentially lost during the equinox, indicating a progressive compression of the window from early summer into autumn.

Model results show that diel‐seasonal foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems changes considerably with latitude, turbidity and cloud cover. These changes alter the structure of pelagic predator–prey interactions, and in turn, the broader role of pelagic consumers in habitat coupling in lakes.
Ex Ante Severance Agreements and Earnings Management
Authors: Brown Kareen E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis research studies whether severance agreements may reduce fraudulent earnings management, and whether severance pay mitigates executives’ career concerns. In a sample of large U.S. firms, those with higher severance pay are less likely to be subject to accounting and auditing enforcement releases (AAERs) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Among S&P 500 firms in the post‐SOX period with premanaged earnings below analyst forecasts, firms with higher severance pay are less likely to meet/beat the analyst forecast using abnormal accruals. Overall, these results suggest that fear of losing a lucrative severance package, and/or the insurance offered by such a package curbs earnings management.
Goodness‐of‐fit of integrated population models using calibrated simulation
Authors: Besbeas Panagiotis , Morgan Byron J.T. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIntegrated population modelling is proving to be an important and useful technique in statistical ecology. However, there is currently no simple formal method for judging how well models fit data, when potentially several different data sets described by different structured models are being analysed in combination.We propose and evaluate a new approach, of calibrated simulation. Here, comparative data sets are obtained from simulating data when model parameter values are obtained from the assumed asymptotic normal distribution of the maximum‐likelihood estimators from the real data. The approach is motivated and justified byBayesianP‐values. Calibration of the resulting statistics is achieved as repeated data sets are easily simulated from the fitted model. The method requires the specification of model discrepancy measures, and we show how different measures can highlight different aspects of fit.Calibration is only strictly necessary if the statistics proposed may appear to be extreme.The approach of using calibrated simulation to check the goodness‐of‐fit of integrated population models is demonstrated by application to data sets on lapwings and herons. In each case, there are two data sets involved in the integrated analysis, and for each component data set, discrepancy measures of goodness‐of‐fit are obtained. For the lapwing application, as replication is efficient, it is possible to calibrate the procedure simply by using additional simulations. The heron application is shown to be feasible, but is substantially harder to calibrate, due to the presence of productivity thresholds that need to be estimated using profile likelihood methods. We demonstrate the importance of taking more than one discrepancy measure for time‐series data. Avenues for future research are outlined. This article has supplementary materials on line.