bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet and Physical Activity Interventions for People from Minority Ethnic Backgrounds in the UK: A Scoping Review Exploring Barriers, Enablers and Cultural Adaptations
Authors: Katangwe-Chigamba Thando , Kantilal Kumud , Hartley-Palmer Joseph , Salisu-Olatunji Shukrat O. , Seeley Carys , Naughton Felix , Chester Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are a global pandemic, driven by obesity, poor diet and physical inactivity. In the UK, the prevalence of T2D and CVD is higher in minority ethnic groups. Lifestyle prevention interventions can be effective but uptake amongst minority ethnic groups in the UK is low and the extent of cultural adaptations to increase engagement unknown.

Aim
To explore barriers, enablers and culturally adapted lifestyle interventions in UK minority ethnic groups.

Methods
Four electronic databases were searched from to January 2013–2023. Two independent reviewers carried out manuscript selection and data extraction. Barriers and enablers were mapped to the Capability + Opportunity + Motivation = Behaviour (COM-B) theoretical model. Intervention adaptations were linked to behaviour change strategies and reported within a Cultural Adaptation framework.

Results
Twenty-three studies were included, reporting barriers/enablers, culturally adapted interventions or both. Barriers and enablers mostly mapped to social and physical opportunity, and reflective motivation. Common adaptation strategies considered behavioural influences related to culture, values, religious beliefs and/or traditions. Most impactful strategies were associated with using credible sources of information and reorganising social and environmental contexts.

Discussion and conclusions
The current umbrella approach to preventative intervention delivery is unlikely to promote sustained participation in behaviour change amongst UK ethnic minorities. Engagement strategies for this population should consider key determinants such as social contexts, beliefs and cultural norms. Important research gaps include interventions investigating tailored interventions for Black populations, and the impact of negative social experiences (e.g., racism) on engagement.
Modeling interactions in a dynamic heuristic business network
Authors: Kostelić Katarina , Turk Marko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article presents a novel model for understanding the structure and dynamics of business networks, emphasizing the role of propensities to connect and cooperate as key drivers. The model incorporates behavioral elements and imperfect information updates, departing from traditional rational actor approaches. Starting from the theoretical background, several propositions are outlined, such as dynamism, connection choices, costs, strategy selection, information update, and the update based on experiences. Through simulations, the study successfully demonstrates that the proposed model effectively captures essential characteristics of business networks, including reciprocity, complexity, adaptation, and cooperation. The findings highlight the significance of propensities to connect and cooperate in shaping network structure, evolution, and stability. Particularly, higher propensities to cooperate and connect lead to denser and more cohesive networks, fostering reciprocity, stability, and network performance. The increase only in connection propensities does not have the same result. The lower cooperation propensities result in scale-free networks and asymmetrical distribution of cumulative payoffs. This highlights a crucial insight: different levels of cooperation lead to distinct network properties. Practical implications, increasingly relevant with the rise of digital platforms and metaverse, suggest targeted interventions to enhance network effectiveness, such as incentivizing cooperation, reducing relationship costs, and promoting a culture of trust and collaboration. While providing valuable insights, certain limitations exist, such as not considering the influence of preexisting economic or social structures, equalizing costs and payoffs among actors, and overlooking specific reasons for network connections. Future research should address these refinements and explore their effects on network structure and process characteristics.
A Workflow for Building Computationally Rational Models of Human Behavior
Authors: Chandramouli Suyog , Shi Danqing , Putkonen Aini , De Peuter Sebastiaan , Zhang Shanshan , Jokinen Jussi , Howes Andrew , Oulasvirta Antti 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComputational rationality explains human behavior as arising due to the maximization of expected utility under the constraints imposed by the environment and limited cognitive resources. This simple assumption, when instantiated via partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), gives rise to a powerful approach for modeling human adaptive behavior, within which a variety of internal models of cognition can be embedded. In particular, such an instantiation enables the use of methods from reinforcement learning (RL) to approximate the optimal policy solution to the sequential decision-making problems posed to the cognitive system in any given setting; this stands in contrast to requiring ad hoc hand-crafted rules for capturing adaptive behavior in more traditional cognitive architectures. However, despite their successes and promise for modeling human adaptive behavior across everyday tasks, computationally rational models that use RL are not easy to build. Being a hybrid of theoretical cognitive models and machine learning (ML) necessitates that model building take into account appropriate practices from both cognitive science and ML. The design of psychological assumptions and machine learning decisions concerning reward specification, policy optimization, parameter inference, and model selection are all tangled processes rife with pitfalls that can hinder the development of valid and effective models. Drawing from a decade of work on this approach, a workflow is outlined for tackling this challenge and is accompanied by a detailed discussion of the pros and cons at key decision points.
Social Sustainability as the Milestone for a Sustainable Food System: The Essential Role of People Working in Agriculture
Authors: Canfora Irene , Leccese Vito S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA Sustainable Food System needs to be implemented through a legal framework balancing measures concerning all the aspects of sustainability (the social, economic and environmental ones), as defined by the Farm to Fork strategy.Since environmental issues are considered a structural part of CAP regulations, a special attention shall be paid both to social and economic sustainability of agricultural and food system, as fundamental pillars for a resilient and competitive development of the primary sector.A new “social” approach of agricultural policy takes into consideration the position of farmers (in particular, a fair revenue of their activity) and workers involved in the agricultural sector (in particular, the rights to protection and safety at work). It also involves the comprehensive rural areas, ie the social context that represents the premise to reach environmental goals of sustainability in rural territories, realised by the farmers themselves as main actors of the rural economy.Therefore, for the future of food law, a strategic consideration of the legal framework related to people working in agriculture and agri-food sector should concern two main aspects.On one hand, the introduction of social conditionality, establishing compliance with labour law rules, including work safety and transparency of employment conditions in agricultural labour contracts in order to receive CAP subsidies – becomes a component of the process for “safe food” through an “ethical and legal food production.”On the other hand, it is important to consider the improvement of life conditions and services in rural areas in favour of resident citizens, the attractiveness of young farmers as well as the implementing measures for an inclusive growth.These aspects, which make up a “social sustainability model” in the agri-food chain are strongly linked together and require a comprehensive policy regulation. This policy perspective includes a new perception of entrepreneurs and workers employed in rural areas intended for the production of food and related to the environmental protection.
Long noncoding RNA EPCART regulates translation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and PDCD4 in prostate cancer
Authors: Kohvakka Annika , Sattari Mina , Nättinen Janika , Aapola Ulla , Gregorová Pavlína , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Uusitalo Hannu , Sarin L. Peter , Visakorpi Tapio , Latonen Leena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile hundreds of cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered, their functional role in cancer cells is still largely a mystery. An increasing number of lncRNAs are recognized to function in the cytoplasm, e.g., as modulators of translation. Here, we investigated the detailed molecular identity and functional role of EPCART, a lncRNA we previously discovered to be a potential oncogene in prostate cancer (PCa). First, we interrogated the transcript structure of EPCART and then confirmed EPCART to be a non-peptide-coding lncRNA using in silico methods. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed protein-coding genes in EPCART knockout cells implied that EPCART modulates the translational machinery of PCa cells. EPCART was also largely located in the cytoplasm and at the sites of translation. With quantitative proteome analysis on EPCART knockout cells we discovered PDCD4, an inhibitor of protein translation, to be increased by EPCART reduction. Further studies indicated that the inhibitory effect of EPCART silencing on translation was mediated by reduced activation of AKT and inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway. Together, our findings identify EPCART as a translation-associated lncRNA that functions via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway in PCa cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the prognostic potential of PDCD4 in PCa tumors in connection with EPCART.
Phase-stabilised self-injection-locked microcomb
Authors: Wildi Thibault , Ulanov Alexander E. , Voumard Thibault , Ruhnke Bastian , Herr Tobias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicroresonator frequency combs (microcombs) hold great potential for precision metrology within a compact form factor, impacting a wide range of applications such as point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, time-keeping, navigation and astronomy. Through the principle of self-injection locking, electrically-driven chip-based microcombs with minimal complexity are now feasible. However, phase-stabilisation of such self-injection-locked microcombs—a prerequisite for metrological frequency combs—has not yet been attained. Here, we address this critical need by demonstrating full phase-stabilisation of a self-injection-locked microcomb. The microresonator is implemented in a silicon nitride photonic chip, and by controlling a pump laser diode and a microheater with low voltage signals (less than 1.57 V), we achieve independent control of the comb’s offset and repetition rate frequencies. Both actuators reach a bandwidth of over 100 kHz, enabling phase-locking of the microcomb to external frequency references. These results establish photonic chip-based, self-injection-locked microcombs as low-complexity yet versatile sources for coherent precision metrology in emerging applications.
Quantitative analysis of electroporation-mediated intracellular delivery via bioorthogonal luminescent reaction
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Shcherbii Mariia V. , Hirvonen Sami-Pekka , Silvennoinen Gudrun , Sarparanta Mirkka , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEfficient intracellular delivery is crucial for biotherapeutics, such as proteins, oligonucleotides, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing systems, to achieve their efficacy. Despite the great efforts of developing new intracellular delivery carriers, the lack of straightforward methods for intracellular delivery quantification limits further development in this area. Herein, we designed a simple and versatile bioorthogonal luminescent reaction (BioLure assay) to analyze intracellular delivery. Our results suggest that BioLure can be used to estimate the amount of intracellularly delivered molecules after electroporation, and the estimation by BioLure is in good correlation with the results from complementary methods. Furthermore, we used BioLure assay to correlate the intracellularly-delivered RNase A amount with its tumoricidal activity. Overall, BioLure is a versatile tool for understanding the intracellular delivery process on live cells, and establishing the link between the cytosolic concentration of intracellularly-delivered biotherapeutics and their therapeutic efficacy.
Exploration of first onsets of mania, schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major depressive disorder in perimenopause
Authors: Shitomi-Jones Lisa M. , Dolman Clare , Jones Ian , Kirov George , Escott-Price Valentina , Legge Sophie E. , Di Florio Arianna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the relationship between perimenopause and changes in mood has been well established, knowledge of risk of a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders associated with reproductive aging is limited. Here we investigate whether the perimenopause (that is, the years around the final menstrual period (FMP)) is associated with increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders compared with the late reproductive stage. Information on menopausal timing and psychiatric history was obtained from nurse-administered interviews and online questionnaires from 128,294 female participants within UK Biobank. Incidence rates of psychiatric disorders during the perimenopause (4 years surrounding the FMP) were compared with the reference premenopausal period (6–10 years before the FMP). The rates were calculated for major depressive disorder (MDD), mania, schizophrenia spectrum disorders and other diagnoses. Overall, of 128,294 participants, 753 (0.59%) reported their first onset of a psychiatric disorder during the late reproductive stage (incidence rate 1.53 per 1,000 person-years) and 1,133 (0.88%) during the perimenopause (incidence rate 2.33 per 1,000 person-years). Compared with the reference reproductive period, incidence rates of psychiatric disorders significantly increased during the perimenopause (incidence rate ratio (RR) of 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–1.67) and decreased back down to that observed in the premenopausal period in the postmenopause (RR of 1.09 (95% CI 0.98–1.21)). The effect was primarily driven by increased incidence rates of MDD, with an incidence RR of 1.30 (95% CI 1.16–1.45). However, the largest effect size at perimenopause was observed for mania (RR of 2.12 (95% CI 1.30–3.52)). No association was found between perimenopause and incidence rates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (RR of 0.95 (95% CI 0.48–1.88)). In conclusion, perimenopause was associated with an increased risk of developing MDD and mania. No association was found between perimenopause and first onsets of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
A universal strategy of constructing Cr-NiFe MOF/CMC aerogel composite catalysts for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yu Xin , Zhang Jiangcheng , Jia Yuxin , Yao Hu , Su Baolian , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: August 2024

We proposes a universal low-temperature sol-gel method to synthesize the composite of Cr-NiFe MOF on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aerogel. The prepared Cr-NiFe MOF/CMC aerogel composite catalyst exhibited enhanced OER activity.
Towards a dynamic flow calculation method based on Schur complement for natural gas network
Authors: Shi Bohan , Su Jia , Xue Yixun , Chang Xinyue , Li Zening , Sun Hongbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe energy transfer process of natural gas network (NGN) has remarkable dynamic characteristics. However, the model of the gas network dominated by partial differential equations (PDEs) is challenging to analyse due to its heterogeneous properties, high dimensionality, and significant non‐linearity. To cope with the dynamic characteristics of the NGN effectively and accurately, the Schur complement‐based dynamic flow calculation method for the NGN is proposed in the paper. Firstly, a time‐domain two‐port model for the dynamic characteristics of the NGN is derived based on the finite difference method in the Wendroff format. The PDEs are transformed into an easily solvable time‐domain linear algebraic model while ensuring the accuracy of the computational results. To alleviate the computational burden, a numerical method based on the Schur complement strategy is then developed. By reducing the dimensions of the matrix equation, the computation speed can be dramatically improved. Finally, case analyses are carried out to emphasise the significance of consideration of the dynamic characteristics of NGNs and confirm the validity and precision of the developed approach.
Patientensicherheit im Innovationsfonds – Charakterisierung,
Resultate und Bewertung abgeschlossener Projekte: Ergebnisse eines Scoping
Reviews
Authors: Harst Lorenz , Walther Felix , Rüthrich Lilly , Keßler Laura , Lindemann Christina , Härter Martin , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Geraedts Max , Schmitt Jochen 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Innovationsfonds hat inzwischen verschiedene Studien zur Patientensicherheit
gefördert. Deren thematisches Spektrum, methodische Güte, Ergebnisse und
Empfehlungen des Innovationsausschusses sollten systematisch aufbereitet und
Vorschläge zur Optimierung des Transfererfolgs abgeleitet werden. Im Rahmen
eines Scoping-Reviews wurden alle im Zeitraum 2016–02/2023 geförderten
Innovationsfonds-Projekte mit Fokus auf Patientensicherheit analysiert. Die
eingeschlossenen Studiendokumente wurden von je zwei unabhängigen Personen
kritisch begutachtet. Die 16 eingeschlossenen Projekte adressierten ein breites
Spektrum von Populationen, Indikationen und Interventionen. Die Studienqualität
war weitestgehend gut. Die Ergebnisse reichten von machbaren Indikatorensets
über die Vermeidung unerwünschter Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen bis zur Optimierung
des Fehlermanagements. Für sieben Projekte empfahl der Innovationsausschuss eine
Weiterleitung der Ergebnisse an Institutionen des Gesundheitswesens mit der
Bitte um Kenntnisnahme und/oder Prüfung der Umsetzbarkeit in der
Regelversorgung, die aber bisher ausblieb. Für eine Überführung in die
Regelversorgung ist die gemeinsame Erarbeitung einer Implementierungsstrategie
unter den Adressaten der Empfehlungen des Innovationsausschusses vonnöten.
Perioperatives Management bei Gerinnungsstörungen in der Ophthalmochirurgie
Authors: Sucker Christoph , Zeitz Oliver , Feltgen Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungStörungen der Blutgerinnung können zu spontanen Blutungsmanifestationen und einem erhöhten Blutungsrisiko bei operativen Eingriffen und Interventionen führen. Pathophysiologisch lassen sich Defekte der primären Hämostase, die zu einer gestörten Thrombozytenadhäsion und Thrombozytenaggregation führen, sowie Störungen der sekundären (plasmatischen) Hämostase, die durch eine Beeinträchtigung der Fibrinbildung oder Fibrinstabilisierung charakterisiert sind, unterscheiden. Ätiologisch kann man seltene genetisch determinierte hereditäre Defekte und häufige erworbene Gerinnungsstörungen unterscheiden, denen unterschiedliche Pathomechanismen zugrunde liegen können. Mit dieser Übersicht soll Ophthalmochirurgen eine Grundlage zum perioperativen Management von Patienten mit genetisch determinierten Gerinnungsstörungen gegeben werden, die sich einem ophthalmochirurgischen Eingriff unterziehen müssen. Da diesbezüglich keine spezifischen Empfehlungen existieren, beruhen die Empfehlungen
auf dem Vorgehen bei sonstigen operativen Eingriffen, wobei das spezifische Blutungsrisiko im Rahmen der Ophthalmochirurgie berücksichtigt wird.
Erste Erfahrungen zur endoskopischen Lungenvolumenreduktion mit der FreeFlow Coil #4 – Eine Fallserie mit drei Patienten
Authors: Fiedler Paul Ferdinand , Franke Karl-Josef 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Lungenvolumenreduktionstherapie ist ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung des
schwergradigen Lungenemphysems. Bei Patienten mit positiver Kollateralventilation ist die
Behandlung mit Nitinol-Coils das einzige Verfahren zur endoskopischen Lungenvolumenreduktion,
welches vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss positiv bewertet wurde und welches in Deutschland
somit außerhalb von Studien mit gesichertem Reimbursement durchgeführt werden kann. Nachdem
die Produktion der initialen Nitinol-Coils nach Übernahme des einzigen Herstellers durch einen
Großkonzern für mehrere Jahre gestoppt wurde, ist seit Ende 2022 eine neue Nitinol-Coil, die
sog. Coil #4, wieder auf dem europäischen Markt verfügbar. Die Coil #4 besitzt eine andere
Form, einen anderen Applikationskatheter und der Implantationsmechanismus unterscheidet sich
vom Originalprodukt. Wir schildern unsere ersten Erfahrungen zur endoskopischen
Lungenvolumenreduktionstherapie mit der Coil #4 an drei Emphysempatienten. Die Therapie war
komplikationslos durchführbar. Bei allen Patienten kam es zu einer relevanten Verbesserung von
Lungenfunktionsparametern. Bei zwei von drei Patienten sahen wir eine klinisch relevante
Verbesserung der Gehstrecke im 6MWT (6-Minutes Walk Test) und eine Verbesserung der
Lebensqualität im SGRQ (St. George Respiratory Questionnaire) und CAT (COPD Assessment Test).
Die kleine Fallserie ist nach unserer Einschätzung ein Ausblick auf die potenziellen
Möglichkeiten der Coil #4. Bei aller Vorsicht der Bewertung sehen wir Anlass, die
Volumenreduktionstherapie mit der Coil #4 unter konstanter Evaluation weiter fortzusetzen bis
mehr Daten zur Verfügung stehen.
Designing social media to foster user engagement in challenging misinformation: a cross-cultural comparison between the UK and Arab countries
Authors: Noman Muaadh , Gurgun Selin , Phalp Keith , Ali Raian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChallenging others who post misinformation is a type of social correction that complements algorithm-based approaches. However, participation rates in such social acts remain limited. In this paper, we study design techniques that leverage principles of persuasive system design and communication theories to foster such prosocial behaviour across two distinct cultural contexts: the British and the Arab. A total of 462 participants completed an online survey (250 UK, 212 Arabs). The study compared the two cultural contexts regarding willingness to challenge misinformation and the persuasiveness of seven design techniques to increase that willingness, namely predefined question stickers, thinking face reaction, sentence openers, fact checker badge, social norm messages, tone detector, and private commenting. Moreover, it explores the impact of individuals’ characteristics on their perception of the techniques as being more or less persuasive than a standard comment box. The study found that the willingness to challenge misinformation was significantly higher in the Arab context than in the UK context. Moreover, except for the private commenting, all techniques were more impactful in the Arab context than in the UK context. Some techniques, such as predefined question stickers, were more effective in both cultures compared to the standard comment box, while others, like the fact checker badge, were more effective only in the Arab context. However, in the UK, sentence openers had a lower impact. Furthermore, personality traits, age, and perspective-taking showed the potential but also the varying impacts on the persuasiveness of the techniques on users’ correction of misinformation across both cultural contexts while pointing to the need for considering both personal and cultural factors in designing social-correction-based solutions.