bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The choroid and lamina cribrosa is affected in patients with Parkinson's disease: enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Eraslan Muhsin , Cerman Eren , Yildiz Balci Sevcan , Celiker Hande , Sahin Ozlem , Temel Ahmet , Suer Devran , Tuncer Elmaci Nese 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare lamina cribrosa (LC) and choroidal thicknesses using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls.MethodsA total number of 44 eyes of 22 patients with PD and 50 eyes of 25 healthy subjects were utilized in this institutional cross‐sectional study. After a complete ophthalmic examination, all eyes were imaged with OCT (RTVue‐100 version 5.1 Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography; Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA); LC and choroidal thickness were assessed.ResultsThe mean LC thicknesses were 209.4 ± 40.2 μm in patients with PD and 292.5 ± 33.7 μm in control subjects. There was a significant difference in the mean LC thickness between the groups (p < 0.0001). The choroidal thickness measurements of the PD group at the subfoveal region and 1.5 mm temporal and 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea were 228.1 ± 44.3, 193.2 ± 41.4 and 188.4 ± 49.0 μm, respectively, whereas measurements for the controls were, respectively, 246.5 ± 38.2, 227.3 ± 34.7 and 216.7 ± 51.4 μm. The choroid was significantly thinner in eyes of the PD group compared to that of the controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006). There was no significant correlation between the disease severity and OCT parameters. The duration of the disease showed a statistically significant negative correlation with LC (rs[94] = −0.700, p < 0.001), and average subfoveal and temporal and nasal choroid thicknesses (rs[94] = −0.282, p = 0.006; rs[94] = −0.324, p = 0.001, rs[94] = −0.240, and p = 0.020, respectively).ConclusionsRegardless of the disease severity, PD may cause atrophy and volume loss in the lamina cribrosa, and choroid. An enhanced depth imaging technique may be used as an additional modality in the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with PD.
Proteome analysis of retinal glia cells‐related inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of diabetic patients
Authors: Vujosevic Stela , Micera Alessandra , Bini Silvia , Berton Marianna , Esposito Graziana , Midena Edoardo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeRetinal glia cells (RGC) activation and release of inflammatory cytokines have been associated with development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we evaluated by protein array the presence of aqueous humour (AH) cytokines secreted byRGCin patients with diabetes withoutDRand with mildDR.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, case–control study. Thirty‐five subjects (diabetics and controls) underwent full ophthalmic examination andAHsamples collection before cataract surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology University of Padova.AHsamples were analysed for total protein concentration (Bradford method) andRGC‐related inflammatory cytokines using glass chip protein arrays.ResultsTwelve diabetic patients withoutDR, 11 diabetic patients with mildDRand 12 non‐diabetic controls were included. There was no significant difference in total protein concentration among the 3 groups. InterleukinIL‐1β,IL‐3, interferon gamma (IFN‐ɣ), (IFN‐ɣ)‐induced protein (IP)‐10 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐2 were significantly increased in diabetics versus controls.IFN‐ɣ,IL‐1α,IL‐3 andMCP‐2 were significantly increased in diabetics withoutDRversus controls, whereas granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF),IFN‐ɣ,IL‐10,IP‐10, regulated and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNF‐R)IIwere significantly increased in diabetics with mildDRversus controls. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP‐1β),GMCSF,RANTESandsTNF‐RIIwere significantly increased in diabetics with mildDRversus diabetics withoutDR(p < 0.05 at least for all).ConclusionsDifferences in expression profile ofAHcytokines between diabetics, without and with mildDR, and controls have been documented. Retinal neuroinflammatory biomarkers ofRGCactivation evaluated inAHby protein array analysis could guide in detecting specific phenotypes with potential for personalized management.
The Regulation and Function of Lactate Dehydrogenase A: Therapeutic Potential in Brain Tumor
Authors: Valvona Cara J. , Fillmore Helen L. , Nunn Peter B. , Pilkington Geoffrey J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere are over 120 types of brain tumor and approximately 45% of primary brain tumors are gliomas, of which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive with a median survival rate of 14 months. Despite progress in our knowledge, current therapies are unable to effectively combat primary brain tumors and patient survival remains poor. Tumor metabolism is important to consider in therapeutic approaches and is the focus of numerous research investigations. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a cytosolic enzyme, predominantly involved in anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect); however, it has multiple additional functions in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic tissues, which are not commonly known or discussed. This review summarizes what is currently known about the function of LDHA and identifies areas that would benefit from further exploration. The current knowledge of the role of LDHA in the brain and its potential as a therapeutic target for brain tumors will also be highlighted. The Warburg effect appears to be universal in tumors, including primary brain tumors, and LDHA (because of its involvement with this process) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Currently, there are, however, no suitable LDHA inhibitors available for tumor therapies in the clinic.
Implants with an Oxidized Surface Placed Predominately in Soft Bone Quality and Subjected to Immediate Occlusal Loading: Results from an 11‐Year Clinical Follow‐Up
Authors: Glauser Roland 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this clinical follow‐up was to document the 11‐year outcome of implants with a moderately rough oxidized surface subjected to immediate occlusal loading.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six of 38 patients enrolled in a 5‐year prospective study were available for this follow‐up analysis, with 33 restorations supported by 66 slightly tapered implants (Brånemark System MkIV, Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden). The majority of implants were placed in posterior regions (88%) and into soft bone (76%). Parameters included cumulative survival rate (CSR), radiographic marginal bone level, bleeding on probing (BOP), intrasulcular counts of perio‐pathogenic markers (DNA probes), and total bacterial load (TBL).ResultsThe CSR was 97.1% at 11.2 years mean follow‐up. Mean marginal bone remodeling was 0.47 mm (SD 1.09, n = 65) from 1 year postplacement to 11‐year follow‐up. BOP was absent at most sites (63.6%). No statistically significant differences in TBL or perio‐pathogenic marker species were observed at implants and teeth.ConclusionThe results of the present follow‐up show high long‐term survival, stable marginal bone levels, and soft tissue outcomes of oxidized surface implants placed predominately in posterior regions and soft bone. The quantity and quality of intrasulcular microbiota were comparable at implants and teeth.
Ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) participates in the regulation of ionizing radiation‐induced cell death via MAPK14 in lung cancer H1299 cells
Authors: Liang Nan , Zhong Rui , Hou Xue , Zhao Gang , Ma Shumei , Cheng Guanghui , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe role of Ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in response to DNA damage has previously been studied, but its underlying mechanisms specific to ionizing radiation (IR) have remained to be elucidated. In this study, function of ATM on radiation‐induced cell death in lung cancer H1299 cells was analysed.Materials and methodsHuman lung cancer cells, H1299, were used, and cell models with ATM−/− and MAPK14−/− were established by genetic engineering. Radiosensitivity was analysed using colony formation assays. Western blotting and co‐immunoprecipitation were implemented to detect protein expression and interaction. MDC staining and GFP‐LC3 relocalization were used to detect autophagy.ResultsAutophagy as well as phosphorylation of ATM was activated by ionizing radiation. Both the inhibitor of ATM, KU55933 and ATM silencing reduced phosphorylation of ATM and MAPKAPK2 expression. Both ATM−/− and MAPK14−/− cells displayed hypersensitivity. IR increased autophagy level by more than 129% in DMSO‐treated cells, while only by 47% and 27% in KU55933‐treated and ATM−/− cells respectively. MAPK14 knock‐down alone gave rise to the basal autophagy level, but decreased notably after IR. KU55933 and ATM knock‐down inhibited IR‐induced autophagy by activating mTOR pathways. Both Beclin1–PI3KIII and Beclin1–MAPKAPK2 interactions as were remarkably affected by silencing either ATM or MAPK14.ConclusionsATM promoted IR‐induced autophagy via the MAPK14 pathway, mTOR pathway and Beclin1/PI3KIII complexes. MAPK14 contributed to radiosensitization of H1299 cells.
Adult neural progenitor cells from Huntington's disease mouse brain exhibit increased proliferation and migration due to enhanced calcium and ROS signals
Authors: Xie Wenjuan , Wang Jiu‐Qiang , Wang Qiao‐Chu , Wang Yun , Yao Sheng , Tang Tie‐Shan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesHuntington's disease (HD) is an inherited human neurodegenerative disorder characterized by uncontrollable movement, psychiatric disturbance and cognitive decline. Impaired proliferative/differentiational potentials of adult neural progenitor cells (ANPCs) have been thought to be a pathogenic mechanism involved in it. In this study, we aimed to elucidate intrinsic properties of ANPCs subjected to neurodegenerative condition in YAC128 HD mice.Materials and methodsANPCs were isolated from the SVZ regions of 4‐month‐old WT and YAC128 mice. Cell proliferation, migration and neuronal differentiation in vitro were compared between these two genotypes with/without Ca2+ inhibitors or ROS scavenger treatments. Differences in ANPC proliferation and differentiation capabilities in vivo between the two genotypes were evaluated using Ki‐67 and Doublecortin (DCX) immunofluorescence respectively.ResultsCompared to WT ANPCs, YAC128 ANPCs had significantly enhanced cell proliferation, migration and neuronal differentiation in vitro, accompanied by increased Ca2+ and ROS signals. Raised proliferation and migration in YAC128 ANPCs were abolished by Ca2+ signalling antagonists and ROS scavenging. However, in vivo, HD ANPCs failed to show any elevated proliferation or differentiation.ConclusionsIncreased Ca2+ signalling and higher level of ROS conferred HD ANPC enhancement of proliferation and migration potentials. However, the in vivo micro‐environment did not support endogenous ANPCs to respond appropriately to neuronal loss in these YAC128 mouse brains.
The selection of migrants and returnees in Romania
Authors: Ambrosini J. William , Mayr Karin , Peri Giovanni , Radu Dragos 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper uses census and survey data to identify the wage earning ability and the selection of recent Romanian migrants and returnees on observable characteristics. We construct measures of selection across skill groups and estimate the average and the skill‐specific premium for migration and return for three typical destinations of Romanian migrants after 1990. Once we account for migration costs, we find evidence that the selection and sorting of migrants are driven by different returns to skills in countries of destination. Our identification strategy for the effects of work experience abroad permits a cautious causal interpretation of the premium to return migration. This premium increases with migrants' skills and drives the positive selection of returnees relative to non‐migrants. Based on the compatibility of the results with rationality in the migration decisions, we simulate a rational‐agent model of education, migration and return. Our results suggest that for a source country like Romania relatively high rates of temporary migration might have positive long‐run effects on average skills and wages.
Portfolio Overlapping Bias in Tests of the Fama–French Three‐Factor Model
Authors: Tauscher Kathrin , Wallmeier Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the standard approach of the three‐factor model of Fama and French (), both the test portfolios and the SMB and HML factor portfolios are formed on the basis of size and the book‐to‐market ratio. Thus, a potential overlapping bias in time‐series regressions arises. Based on a resampling method and a split‐sample approach, we provide an in‐depth analysis of the effect of overlapping for a broad sample of European stocks. We find that the overlapping bias is non‐negligible, contrary to what seems to be the general opinion.
Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome belongs to the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS)
Authors: Vahidnezhad Hassan , Youssefian Leila , Uitto Jouni 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKlippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), originally described as a triad of cutaneous capillary malformation, bone and soft‐tissue hypertrophy, as well as venous and lymphatic malformations, has been considered by dermatologists as a distinct diagnostic entity. However, cases with KTS have also been reported to have neurological disorders, developmental delay and digital abnormalities, indicating multisystem involvement. Recently, a number of overgrowth syndromes, with overlapping phenotypic features with KTS, have been identified; these include MCAP and CLOVES syndromes as well as fibroadipose hyperplasia. These conditions harbour mutations in the PIK3CA gene, and they have been included in the PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Based on recent demonstrations of PIK3CA mutations also in KTS, it appears that, rather than being a distinct diagnostic entity, KTS belongs to PROS. These observations have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for KTS.
In vivo expression of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Clausen Maja‐Lisa , Slotved H‐C , Krogfelt Karen A. , Andersen Paal Skytt , Agner Tove 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this review is to present findings on expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in atopic dermatitis (AD) skin, focusing only on in vivo studies, and to discuss differences in results obtained using various skin sampling techniques and different methodology for analysis of AMPs. The review also includes a discussion of the effect of frequently used treatments on AMP expression. Many studies have shown a reduced level of AMPs in lesional AD skin when compared to psoriatic skin, explaining the high frequency of AD‐related infections. Interestingly, however, non‐lesional AD skin has shown the same upregulation of AMPs after barrier disruption as non‐lesional psoriatic skin. Various methods have been used to analyse AMP expression in the skin, and when comparing these methods, differences are revealed in AMP expression depending on the method used for sampling and analysis. Comparisons indicate that analyses of mRNA levels of AMPs may find greater differences in expression than analyses of protein levels. Few studies evaluate the effect of topical treatments on the expression of AMPs, and these indicate an inhibition of AMP expression, particularly after use of corticosteroids. AMPs are important components of the skin as a defense against infections, and despite much research, the clinical importance of the effect of common treatments, including systemic treatments for AD and the interplay between AMPs and the skin microbiome, is still largely unknown.
Thermal habitat segregation among morphotypes of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus: Salmonidae) and invasive vendace (C. albula): a mechanism for co‐existence?
Authors: Kelly Brianne , Amundsen Per‐Arne , Power Michael 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Aquatic invasive species can have a variety of negative impacts on the ecosystems they invade. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the muscle tissue of aquatic organisms have proved useful for evaluating post‐invasion dietary shifts among species. However, oxygen and carbon stable isotopes in fish otoliths have the potential to provide additional data on thermal habitat, diet and metabolism, when investigating interactions among sympatric native and invasive fishes.

We conducted oxygen and carbon stable isotope analysis on the otoliths of three morphotypes of native whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and invasive vendace (Coregonus albula) at two sites within the sub‐Arctic Pasvik watercourse in northern Norway.

Mean temperature use among morphotypes and species over the course of the growing season ranged from 7.5 °C to 11.2 °C. Otolith δ13C was significantly positively correlated to fish muscle tissue δ13C (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.53). Significant differences in temperature use and δ13C among morphotypes and between species were found in the downstream site but not the upstream site.

Complementary partitioning of thermal and dietary resource use in the downstream site coincides with a higher abundance of whitefish, enabling the coexistence of both species. In contrast, vendace were dominant in the upstream site where no differentiation in resource use among morphotypes and between species was evident.

This study demonstrates the usefulness of stable oxygen and carbon otolith isotopes for characterising resource use and highlights the importance of investigating thermal habitat use as a factor influencing the success of invasive fishes.
Direct and indirect effects of additions of chromophoric dissolved organic matter on zooplankton during large‐scale mesocosm experiments in an oligotrophic lake
Authors: Cooke Sandra L. , Fischer Janet M. , Kessler Kirsten , Williamson Craig E. , Sanders Robert W. , Morris Donald P. , Porter Jason A. , Jeffrey Wade H. , DeVaul Princiotta S. , Dean Pakulski J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe effects of changes in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) on zooplankton grazers in pelagic food webs can be difficult to predict due to the potential for conflicting direct and indirect effects ofCDOMon water column optics and food‐web dynamics. We compared the responses of two dominant zooplankton groups,Daphniaspp. and calanoid copepods, to elevatedCDOMin two mesocosm experiments conducted in a transparent, oligotrophic lake.In the first experiment, low, medium and high additions ofCDOM[dissolved organic carbon (DOC) = 2.7, 3.0 and 4.3 mg L−1, respectively] and non‐manipulated controls (DOC = 1.6 mg L−1) were used to test the hypothesis that food‐web stimulation will increase withCDOMconcentration. In the second experiment, we manipulated bothCDOM(control and addition) and ultraviolet radiation (UV; ambient and shielded) to determine the importance ofCDOMas aUVscreen, as well as to examine the role ofUVin food‐web stimulation byCDOM. We also conducted short‐term bioassays alongside this second experiment to assess the food resources forDaphniaand calanoids in treatments withUV‐exposed and non‐UV‐exposedCDOM.Daphniaabundance increased in the low and mediumCDOMadditions in the first experiment, and when food resources were simultaneously stimulated byCDOMand protected from the direct negative effects ofUVin the second experiment.In contrast, calanoid copepod abundance declined or remained unchanged whenCDOMwas added, and this response was not mediated by food resources.Overall, our findings suggest that increasedCDOMin clear lakes could alter the relative abundance of zooplankton groups through a combination of direct and indirect effects.
The effects of predation by juvenile fish on the meiobenthic community structure in a natural pond
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Benthic communities in aquatic ecosystems include an abundant and functionally important meiofaunal component. The effects of predation by fish on zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and periphyton in freshwater habitats have been clearly demonstrated, whereas impacts on meiofaunal assemblages are poorly understood.

In this study, the predation effects of benthivorous juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) on the abundance, biomass, secondary production, size classes and community structure of meiofaunal assemblages and on nematode diversity in the littoral zone of a natural freshwater pond were examined over 125 days using field enclosures and exclosures.

Fish predation altered the abundance, biomass and secondary production of nematodes, oligochaetes and microcrustaceans (cyclopoids, harpacticoids, ostracods and cladocerans) but not of rotifers. These changes were consistent with top‐down control of the freshwater meiofaunal assemblages in the natural pond over time. By contrast, small‐bodied meiofauna were more abundant in the presence of fish, suggesting indirect facilitation. Both species richness and species composition but not the diversity of the nematode community were affected by fish predation.

Removal of the fish from the enclosures resulted in the thorough recovery of the density, biomass and secondary production of nematodes, oligochaetes and microcrustaceans within 45 days.

The results indicate that predation by juvenile freshwater fish depresses the overall abundance, biomass and secondary production of meiofaunal assemblages, except in the case of rotifers, and alters the size structure of the meiofaunal community. Our study provides insight into the food‐web ecology of lakes and the first evidence of freshwater fish predation effects on meiofaunal assemblages in a natural habitat.
Microclimates buffer the responses of plant communities to climate change
Authors: Maclean Ilya M. D. , Hopkins John J. , Bennie Jonathan , Lawson Callum R. , Wilson Robert J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimDespite predictions of high extinction risk resulting from climate change, range expansions have been documented more frequently than range retractions, prompting suggestions that species can endure climatic changes by persisting in cool or damp microclimates. We test whether such ‘microrefugia’ exist.LocationThe United Kingdom.MethodsWe examine fine‐scale changes in the plant communities of a coastal grassland over a 30‐year period in which spring temperatures increased by 1.4 °C. We look at whether changes in community composition and local colonizations and extinctions are related to microclimatic conditions.ResultsOur findings suggest that while community reassembly was consistent with warming, changes were smaller on cooler, north‐facing slopes. Closer inspection of the patterns of species turnover revealed that species with low temperature requirements were able to persist on cooler slopes, while those with high moisture requirements suffered similar decreases in occupancy across all microclimates.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that cooler slopes may act as microrefugia, buffering the effects on plant communities of increases in temperature by delaying extinctions of species with low temperature requirements.