bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell‐Surface Properties of Enterotoxigenic and Cytotoxic Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium: Studies on Hemagglutination, Cell‐Surface Hydrophobicity, Attachment to Human Intestinal Cells and Fibronectin‐Binding
Authors: Baloda Suraj B. , Faris Ahmed , Krovacek Karel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThirteen Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium strains with smooth or rough colony morphology were investigated for their surface properties based on hemagglutination (HA), hydrophobicity, and fibronectin‐binding profiles. The strains showed 5 different patterns of HA which was mannose‐sensitive. The rough strains possessed comparatively greater number of fimbriae than the corresponding smooth strains and also attached to human intestinal cells in greater numbers. The Salmonella strains used in this study interacted with fibronectin and its 29‐kDa N‐terminal fragment to varied extents. These properties may be helpful in broadening the prospective interaction capabilities of Salmonella organisms with the host surfaces.
Structural Characterization of Recombinant Human Interferon‐Gammas Derived from Two Different Mammalian Cells
Authors: Sano Emiko , Kamata Koichi , Okano Kiyoshi , Yamazaki Syojiro , Iizuka Masahiko , Kobayashi Sigeyasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecombinant human interferon‐gammas (rHuIFN‐γs) were obtained from two different mammalian cells (mouse C127 cells and Chinese hamster ovary, CHO, cells) cultured in a microcarrier culture system. Both rHuIFN‐γs were purified using sequential chromatographies for their comparison of structural properties. The peptide maps of HuIFN‐γs digested with V8 protease and Western blot analysis demonstrated that C127 cells yielded mainly about 25kDa component and CHO cells produced about 25kDa and about 20kDa components. By the identification of glycosylated peptides, it was suggested that 20kDa and 25kDa components are glycosylated at one and at two sites, respectively. C‐terminal amino acid sequence analysis indicated that both rHuIFN‐γs consisted of at least six different species lacking 2 to 16 amino acid residues from C‐terminus, so that C‐termini of both rHuIFN‐γs were slightly different from each other.Amino acid sequence and composition analyses of N‐terminal peptides demonstrated that N‐termini of both rHuIFN‐γs were blocked and were supposed to be identical with that of natural HuIFN‐γ. These results suggested that different molecular heterogeneities of rHuIFN‐γs resulted from the difference of post‐translational modifications of host cells.
Possible Regulation of Autologous Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction by OKM1+ NK Cells
Authors: Goto Makoto , Zvaifler Nathan J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractT cells are stimulated by autologous non‐T cells and interleukin 2 (IL‐2) is produced in the conventional autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) in young healthy controls. The role of cells with natural killer (NK) cell markers (OKM1+ cells or Leu 7+ cells) in the AMLR was studied. There were significant inverse correlations between the percentage of input OKM1+ cells minus monocyte (OKM1+ NK cells) and either AMLR proliferation (γ = −0.9, P<0.001) or IL‐2 production (γ = −0.75, P<0.01) in the AMLR cultures after 7 days measured at 7 days. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the percentage of input Leu 7+ cells and AMLR proliferation (γ = −0.64, P<0.05), but not IL‐2 production. These results suggest that the AMLR is controlled by OKM1+ NK, perhaps acting through IL‐2 regulation.
A Case of Lung Infection Caused by an Unusual Strain of Nocardia farcinica
Authors: Tsukamura Michio , Shimoide Hisao , Kaneda Kenji , Sakai Ryoichi , Seino Akio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA case of lung infection caused by an unusual strain of Nocardia farcinica is reported. This is the third case of the N. farcinica infection in this country. The strain failed to utilize rhamnose as sole carbon source, but could be identified by a numerical identification method. The mycolic acids contained 1–3 double bonds and the numbers of the carbon atoms of the mycolic acids were 50 to 60, average 56.
Modification of the Genital Herpes Infection in a Guinea Pig Model, by Prior Immunization with Bovine Herpes Mammillitis Virus
Authors: Maragos Constantina , May John T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBovine herpes mammillitis virus has been shown to partially protect guinea pigs against primary genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections, further confirming the immunologic cross‐reactivity of these two viruses.
Production and Partial Purification of a Fluid‐Accumulating Factor of Non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Gyobu Yotaku , Kodama Hirohide , Uetake Hisao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA fluid‐accumulating factor (FAF in the ligated rabbit ileal loop test) from a strain of non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae not producing cholera toxin‐like enterotoxin (CTLT) was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration with Sephadex G‐100, and DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The preparation thus obtained showed collagenolytic, cytolytic, necrotic, and hemorrhagic activities, but was not lethal to mice nor hemolytic to sheep erythrocytes. Desquamation of epithelial cells, inflammatory edema, and hemorrhage were observed in sections of rabbit intestine after inoculation of partially purified FAF (PPFAF). Biological and enzymatic activities of FAF were completely neutralized with anti‐PPFAF rabbit serum. More than 70% of non‐O1 V. cholerae strains from human diarrheal feces produced FAF in the shake culture of heart infusion broth (Difco). A fluid‐accumulating factor immunologically similar to FAF of non‐O1 V. cholerae was also produced by V. mimicus strains isolated from human diarrheal feces. These results indicate that the FAF produced by CTLT‐negative non‐O1 V. cholerae strains is an entity closely related to a cytolytic and hemorrhagic substance or the like, and that this FAF may play a role in the enteropathogenicity of CTLT‐negative strains.
Distribution of Clostridium botulinum in Japan and in Shinkiang District of China
Authors: Yamakawa Kiyotaka , Kamiya Shigeru , Nishida Shoki , Yoshimura Kiyoto , Yu He , Lu Deyuan , Nakamura Shinichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSoil specimens obtained from several areas of Japan, which are closely located to or facing the Continental land of China, were examined for the distribution of Clostridium botulinum, especially pertaining to types A and B. A total of 266 specimens of Japan, when cultured, showed no type A or B toxicity, although 30 (11.3%), 4 (1.5%), and 10 (3.8%) of the specimens showed C1, C2, and type E toxicities, respectively. On the contrary, types A and/or B toxicities were shown, by the same method, in 14 of 20 specimens of Shinkiang district, China. The highest number of C. botulinum cells found in one gram of soil specimen was 25 for type A and 10 for type B.
Interferon Production under the Control of Heterologous Inducible Enhancers and Promoters
Authors: Asano Masahide , Nagashima Hitoshi , Iwakura Yoichiro , Kawade Yoshimi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn a search for a useful enhancer to control expression of interferon (IFN) gene in mammalian cells, mouse IFN‐β cDNA ligated 3′ downstream to the enhancer‐promoter of either mouse metallothionein‐I (MT‐I) or Drosophila heat shock protein (HSP) was introduced into various cultured cells by calcium‐phosphate precipitation method, and the level of IFN transiently produced was compared. In the case of the MT‐I enhancer‐promoter, low levels of IFN were produced without induction (0–21 IU/ml) and the level increased 5–50 times by heavy metals. In contrast, the basal level of expression of the HSP enhancer‐promoter was very low and its expression was increased several hundred to thousand times by heat shock or arsenite. Thus the HSP enhancer‐promoter appears to be a potent inducible element with very low basal level and high inducibility.
Characterization of L1210 S Cells with Low Sensitivity to Mouse Interferon‐γ
Authors: Iwata Akira , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Sakata Tsuneaki , Sokawa Yoshihiro , Kawade Yoshimi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA mouse leukemic cell line L1210 Sg with a low sensitivity to interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) was described. On the nature of the antiviral action and binding of IFN, L1210 Sg cells were compared with L1210m cell line which is sensitive to IFN‐γ. For a half reduction of the vesicular stomatitis virus‐RNA synthesis, L1210 Sg cells required 500–fold more IFN‐γ than L1210m cells did. However, both cell lines were induced to the antiviral state to the same extent with IFN‐α or ‐β. L1210 Sg and L1210m cells were sensitive to the anti‐proliferative action of IFN‐α and ‐β, but insensitive to IFN‐γ. (2′‐5′)Oligoadenylate synthetase was induced in these cell lines by IFN‐β, but not by IFN‐γ, which suggests that the induction of this synthetase may not be responsible for the antiviral action of IFN‐γ. No substantial difference between L1210 Sg and L1210m cells was found in IFN receptors for IFN‐γ and IFN‐β either in number per cell or in their affinity to corresponding IFN type. However, differences were noted in time course profiles of cell‐associated IFN‐γ at 37 C: in L1210m cells, a rise‐and‐decay profile of IFN‐γ bound to cells was observed at 37 C, but in L1210 Sg cells, rise and slight decay was observed. On the other hand, a similar rise‐and‐decay curve of IFN‐β bound to these cells was observed. These results indicated that the low sensitivity of L1210 Sg cells to IFN‐γ may be due to this slight decay of receptor‐bound IFN‐γ.
The Analysis of Immature Lymphoid Precursors Stored in Longterm Bone Marrow Culture
Authors: Miyazoe Ichiro , Taniguchi Masaru , Takemori Toshitada 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe long‐term bone marrow culture system developed by Dexter (MBMC) is known to store immature lymphoid precursors capable of differentiating into mature B cells in irradiated or immunodeficient mice. It has been suggested that pre‐B cells are not generated under such culture conditions, but that opinion was not based on any systematic analyses. In the present study under carefully controlled conditions, we observed that pre‐B and pro‐B cells were eliminated from the late stage of primary MBMC, and the former were not generated in recharged MBMC. Under appropriate conditions, these immature precursors in recharged MBMC generated in vitro immunoglobulin‐positive (Ig+) cells to differentiate into antibody‐forming cells upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS‐reactive B cells were observed in every 10th of the Ig+ cells, the frequency being essentially the same as that observed in normal B cells in different tissues. The immature B cell precursors generating LPS reactive cells were expressed in recharged MBMC at the frequency of 4.2 × 10−6. A staining experiment showed that cells bearing AA4.1 were stored at the frequency of 10−4‐10−5. This frequency is thought to be similar to that of lymphoid precursors in recharged MBMC committed to differentiate along B lineage cells. Based on these results, we discussed the stage, nature, and mode of differentiation of immature lymphoid precursors stored in MBMC.
Linkage of K99 Production and STa Activity in a Plasmid of an Escherichia coli Porcine Isolate
Authors: Shimizu Mikio , Sakano Tetsuya , Satoh Shizuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn Escherichia coli strain ZP118 of porcine origin was shown to harbor a 68‐megadalton (Md) plasmid coding for a colonization factor K99 and heat‐stable enterotoxin (STa), and a self‐transmissible 51‐Md plasmid coding for drug resistance. One of the transconjugants obtained by mating between ZP118 and E. coli C was found to harbor a 90‐Md plasmid coding for K99, STa and drug resistance. Restriction endonuclease analysis suggested that the 90‐Md plasmid could be a recombinant between the 68‐Md plasmid and the 51‐Md plasmid.
Enhancement of Host Resistance against Listeria Infection by Lactobacillus casei: Activation of Liver Macrophages and Peritoneal Macrophages by Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Sato Katsumasa , Saito Hajime , Tomioka Haruaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe functions of liver macrophages and peritoneal macrophages obtained after injection of Lactobacillus casei were examined. Listericidal activity in vivo was enhanced in liver macrophages 13 days after L. casei injection but was somewhat suppressed in the macrophages 2 days after the injection. The listericidal activity in vitro was enhanced in peritoneal macrophages obtained 13 days after L. casei injection but was suppressed in cells obtained 2 days later. The PMA‐triggered respiratory burst in the liver macrophages elicited by L. casei was higher than that of resident macrophages. Alkaline phosphodiesterase activity in the liver macrophages was decreased by L. casei injection, as was also the case with peritoneal macrophages. These observations indicate that L. casei augmented cellular functions of both liver and peritoneal macrophages.
Effects of the Antiserum against a Fraction Enriched in Scrapie‐Associated Fibrils on the Scrapie Incubation Period in Mice
Authors: Ito Masako , Shinagawa Morikazu , Doi Satoshi , Sasaki Satoshi , Isomura Hiroshi , Takahashi Kaname , Goto Hitoshi , Sato Gihei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn antiserum against a fraction enriched for scrapie‐associated fibrils (SAF), was examined for its effects on scrapie incubation period by inoculating mice either intraperitoneally or intracerebrally with various dilutions of the serum mixed with scrapie‐infected mouse brain homogenate. After intraperitoneal inoculation the mean time of the incubation period increased with increasing concentrations of the antiserum in a statistically significant fashion, when the serum dilutions were made with phosphate‐buffered saline. After intracerebral inoculation, however, there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and any of the antiserum‐groups. When the antiserum dilutions were made with pre‐immune serum, the mice inoculated intraperitoneally also showed no significant differences between the two groups. These results indicate that the specific antibodies to SAF have no effect on the scrapie infectivity.
Affinity Constants of Anti‐Leptospira Monoclonal Antibodies, Numbers of Antigenic Determinants on Leptospiras, and Their Influence on the Microscopic Agglutination Test and ELISA
Authors: Takimoto Toru , Ono Etsuro , Ito Toshihiro , Yanagawa Ryo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe affinity constants of anti‐canicola and anti‐hebdomadis monoclonal antibodies and the numbers of antigenic determinants per organism of each serovar of leptospira were determined, and their influence on the results of microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and ELISA were examined. In the combinations of a monoclonal antibody and some serovar which showed higher affinity constants at levels of 107 to 108/m order, both MAT and ELISA were positive except for one combination, while in the combinations which gave lower affinity constants at levels of 106/m order, MAT was positive but ELISA was negative. The number of antigenic determinants seemed to have no significant influence on the results. The disagreement due to the difference in the threshold affinities of MAT and ELISA should be considered in the use of monoclonal antibodies in the taxonomy of leptospira.
Development of a Highly Sensitive Bead‐ELISA to Detect Bacterial Protein Toxins
Authors: Oku Yuichi , Uesaka Yoshihiko , Hirayama Toshiya , Takeda Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA highly sensitive sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to detect bacterial toxins was developed. Fab of anti‐toxin IgG was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase by the maleimide method and tetramethylbenzidine was used as substrate. As the solid phase, a 6.5 mm diameter polystyrene bead was used and this was coated with the anti‐toxin IgG. The entire assay could be completed within 3.5 hr. The sensitivity of this bead‐ELISA was found to be quite high with various bacterial toxins: less than 20 pg/ml for thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, less than 60 pg/ml for Shiga toxin, less than 20 pg/ml for VT2 (Shiga‐like toxin II) of Escherichia coli, less than 200 pg/ml for heat‐labile enterotoxin of E. coli, and less than 6 pg/ml for cholera enterotoxin.
Genomic Comparison of Adenovirus Type 3 Isolates from Patients with Acute Conjunctivitis in Japan, Australia, and the Philippines
Authors: Guo Deng Fu , Shibata Riri , Shinagawa Morikazu , Sato Gihe , Aoki Koki , Sawada Harumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of 53 Ad3 isolates obtained from patients with acute conjunctivitis in Japan, Australia, and the Philippines during 1973 to 1986 were analyzed for their genome types with 4 restriction endonucleases, BamHI, BglII, HindIII, and SmaI. Two new genome types designated tentatively as Ad3f and Ad3g were identified by combination of BamHI and BglII in the isolates. The changes of restriction sites and sizes of restriction fragments in newly recognized Ad3f and Ad3g were located at the similar regions reported in other Ad3 genome types by O'Donnell et al (1986) on physical maps of the Ad3 prototype strain GB genome. In Japan, 46 Ad3 isolates obtained from 1983 to 1986 were either Ad3f or Ad3g. Yearly alternation of predominance of both genome types were observed in the northern part of Japan during the period. In Australia, two genome types Ad3p and Ad3f were found in 6 isolates, and the former was observed in the 3 isolates obtained before 1981 and the remaining 3 isolates were obtained after 1983. In the Philippines, the only isolate obtained in 1984 was Ad3p.
Sex‐ and Age‐Specific Prevalences of HBeAg and Anti‐HBe among HBsAg Carriers with or without Liver Function Abnormalities in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Hayashi Jun , Kashiwagi Seizaburo , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Nomura Hideyuki , Kajiyama Wataru , Noguchi Akinori , Ikeda Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated sex‐ and age‐specific prevalences of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti‐HBe) in 1,163 carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Okinawa, Japan, and followed them up for longer than one year in correlation with liver function abnormalities. Elevated serum transaminase levels were found in 160 (13.8%) of them. The prevalence of liver function abnormalities was significantly higher in male carriers (127/690, 18.4%) than in female carriers (33/473, 7.0%) at a P value of 0.001. In asymptomatic carriers, the prevalence of HBeAg was 13.2% and that of anti‐HBe 80.0%, significantly different from 41.9% and 54.4%, respectively, in carriers with elevated transaminase levels (P<0.001). In asymptomatic carriers, the mean age of HBeAg‐positive carriers was 16.7 years which was much lower than the 22.8 years in carriers with liver function abnormalities. The prevalence of elevated transaminase levels was significantly higher in carriers with HBeAg than in those with anti‐HBe (33.8% vs. 9.7%, P<0.001). Based on these results, the prolonged positivity for serum HBeAg would qualify as a predictor for deteriorating liver function among HBsAg carriers.
Selective Inhibition of High‐ but Not Low‐Affinity Interleukin 2 Binding by Lectins and Anti‐Interleukin 2 Receptor α Antibody
Authors: Fujii Masahiro , Sugamura Kazuo , Nakamura Masataka , Ishii Takehisa , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study demonstrated that various reagents can specifically reduce the affinity of high‐affinity interleukin 2 receptor (IL‐2R) but not that of low‐affinity IL‐2R. They included lectins such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and a chemical cross‐linker, glutaraldehyde, in addition to anti‐IL‐2R monoclonal antibodies, HIEI and H‐47. The affinity of the high‐affinity IL‐2R was reduced when the cells were treated with WGA or H‐47 before, but not after, addition of 125I‐labeled interleukin 2 (IL‐2). Their inhibitory effects were also demonstrated by the chemical cross‐linking method. On treatment with the reagents, the IL‐2 binding to both IL‐2Rα and β chains was inhibited and these inhibitory effects were seen only when the reagents were added before IL‐2 addition, like their high‐affinity reducing effects. These results support a supposition that the high affinity IL‐2R is generated by assembly of the α and β chains, and suggest that the IL‐2 binding to IL‐2Rα and β chains could induce stable constitution of the high‐affinity state of IL‐2R, but these affinity modulating reagents could perturb the optimum association between α and β chains to generate the high‐affinity IL‐2R.
Immortalization of Murine Leukocytes by Oncogenes
Authors: Komatsubara Shin , Mori Kazuyasu , Hatanaka Masakazu , Amagai Takashi , Inaba Kayo , Shimizu Satoshi , Muramatsu Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the course of study to obtain murine dendritic cell lines using oncogenic retroviruses, we have established several immortalized cell lines with characteristics different from those of dendritic cells. The transformants were mainly round nonadherent cells, capable of growing in soft agar, and negative for nonspecific esterase activity. Profiles of cell surface antigens were examined by indirect immunofluorescence technique. The cell lines were positive for Fc receptor (2.4G2), J11d (J11d.2), and B220 (RA3‐3A1/6.1) antigens and negative (or dull positive in small percentages) for Ia (M5/144.15.2), IL‐2 receptor (3C7), Thy‐1 (B5‐5), Mac‐1 (M1/70.‐15.11.5), and macrophage (F4/80) antigens. They were negative for both surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Several clones were established from these transformant cell lines and cell surface antigens were examined. Antigenic profiles of these clones were very similar to those of the parental cell lines. Some of these clones, however, seemed to increase their Ia antigen expression. The results suggest that the transformants originated from early B‐lineage cells.
Primary Role of NADH Formed by Glucose Dehydrogenase in ATP Provision at the Early Stage of Spore Germination in Bacillus megaterium QM B1551
Authors: Sano Keiji , Otani Mieko , Uehara Reiko , Kimura Masahiro , Umezawa Chisae 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMetabolic events involved in energy metabolism were studied in order to evaluate the ATP‐forming ability of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores at the very early stage of germination. When heat‐activated spores were germinated on glucose as a sole substrate, its oxidation into gluconate (catalyzed by glucose dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.47), the accompanying NADH formation, oxygen uptake, and RNA synthesis were initiated immediately after germination, even when anaerobic breakdown of 3‐phosphoglycerate (an ATP source for spores) and the subsequent glucose metabolism via the phosphorylating pathway were impaired by potassium fluoride (KF). In contrast, fructose metabolism and the accompanying metabolic events did not begin until a few minutes after triggering of germination, and those events were entirely abolished by KF, indicating that fructose metabolism is initiated exclusively via its phosphorylation by the ATP derived from endogenous 3‐phosphoglycerate. Thus those results provided further evidence for our previous proposal (Otani et al (1987) Microbiol. Immunol. 31: 967–974; Sano et al (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 151: 48–52) that the first molecules of ATP in germinating spores can be efficiently generated via aerobic oxidation of NADH, which is formed by glucose dehydrogenase. Fluorescence monitoring of NADH in germinating spores also supported this conclusion.