bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canadian DOs: International Expansion of Osteopathic Medical Education North of the Border
Authors: Evren Sevan , Chander Pranay , Kim Julia , Bi Andrew , Fiddler Dennis , Wayent Emily , Teitelbaum Howard S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Context: The growth of osteopathic medicine in the United States has led to a vibrant expansion of the profession internationally. Canadian students represent the majority of international applicants and matriculants to US colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs); however, to our knowledge, no studies have explored this population.

Objective: To gain a better understanding of Canadian students attending US colleges of osteopathic medicine by examining their residency training preference, visa preference, intent to practice in the United States or Canada, receptiveness to incorporating osteopathic manipulative medicine into practice, specialty preference, estimated debt incurred, and effect of debt on specialty choice.

Methods: A 10-question electronic survey was sent to Canadian osteopathic medical students in the 17 COMs and branch campuses that accept international applicants. The initial survey pool consisted of frst-, second-, third-, and fourth-year medical students (classes of 2014-2017) compiled from a database managed by the Canadian Osteopathic Medical Student Association.

Results: Of the 102 students contacted, 66 (65%) completed the survey. Respondents had a strong desire to practice in Canada (44 [67%]) but were considering an Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) or dually accredited residency program in the United States (46 [70%] and 15 [23%], respectively) that would sponsor an H1B visa. Respondents were receptive to incorporating osteopathic manipulative medicine into practice (44 [67%]). Most respondents chose non–primary care specialties (40 [61%]) and incurred a debt of more than $200,000 (44 of 65 [68%]); however, debt had a limited infuence on respondents’ choice of specialty (χ2
3=1.911; P=.591).

Conclusion: Most respondents planned to complete ACGME training, to return to Canada to practice medicine, and to practice in a non–primary care specialty. As a growing population that will play a large role in the expansion and reception of the profession internationally, Canadian osteopathic medical students and US-trained Canadian DOs merit further examination.
青海南部乌丽—开心岭冻土区 天然气水合物气源条件研究
Authors: Tang Shiqi , Lu Zhenquan , Luo Xiaolin , Wang Ting , Tan Panpan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Based on the past two years’ data on gas source survey in compliance with the National Thematic Project of Gas Hydrate Resources’ Exploration and Test-Production Engineering in the Wuli-Kaixinling permafrost of the southern Qinghai province, organic geochemical indicators were analyzed on the hydrocarbon (gas) source rocks of the Nayixiong Formation in the Upper Permian Wuli Group and the Bagong Formation in the Upper Triassic Jiezha Group. Results showed that organic matter contents were at moderate levels in the hydrocarbon (gas) source rocks of the two formations. The main organic matter was type III with high maturity. For most samples, organic matter was mature or over-mature, at the wet to dry gas phase. The source rocks produced a large amount of hydrocarbon gases to meet the needs of gas hydrate formation. Mudstones in the Nayixiong Formation in the Upper Permian Wuli Group and limestones in the Bagong Formation in the Upper Triassic Jiezha Group worked as major gas source rocks for gas hydrate formation.
井中岩屑碳酸盐含量与酸解烃关系新认识
Authors: Yang Jun , Shen Zhongmin , Wang Guojian , Cheng Tongjin , Lu Li 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Using unary linear regression, the relationship between carbonate content and acidolysis hydrocarbon in a well was investigated, which was different in wells with long production history, dry wells or wells with short production history. The gradient in the mudstone and related coefficient were greater than that in the sandstone in the wells with long production history, but the reverse was true in the dry wells or the wells with short production history. Then the reasons for the characteristics were analyzed from the carbonate mineral formation and the different lithology’ s adsorption property. According to the characteristics, a new method was developed for hydrocarbon prediction in exploration wells and the re-examination of old wells. This method was fast and with low cost, and could effectively improve the success rate of new and old wells re-examination.
Quantification of Glutathione in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Caito Samuel W. , Aschner Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGlutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular thiol with diverse functions from redox signaling, xenobiotic detoxification, and apoptosis. The quantification of GSH is an important measure for redox capacity and oxidative stress. This protocol quantifies total GSH from Caenorhabditis elegans, an emerging model organism for toxicology studies. GSH is measured using the 5,5′‐dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) cycling method originally created for cell and tissue samples but optimized for whole worm extracts. DTNB reacts with GSH to from a 5′‐thio‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) chromophore with maximum absorbance of 412 nm. This method is both rapid and sensitive, making it ideal for studies involving a large number of transgenic nematode strains. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
microRNA Profiling as Tool for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing (DNT)
Authors: Smirnova Lena , Seiler Andrea E.M. , Luch Andreas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNA molecules functioning as post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs play a significant role in organism development, regulating developmental timing, cell differentiation, and specification. In the developing brain, miRNAs regulate neural stem cell differentiation, lineage specification, synaptogenesis, and brain morphogenesis. Temporal and spatial specificity of miRNA expression make them an attractive marker to study cellular responses to toxicant exposure. Neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) has been established as an alternative method to study developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro. This unit will describe a method for miRNA profiling (miRNomics) as a molecular end point to study developmental neurotoxicity. A protocol for neural differentiation of mESC will be described as a cellular model for DNT testing. The miRNomics protocol is versatile and can be used with other DNT cellular systems such as primary cultures, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A seamless multitrack multitemporal InSAR algorithm
Authors: Shirzaei Manoochehr 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe zones of overlap between adjacent Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite tracks are illuminated twice more frequently than elsewhere in the SAR scene. Here, an alternative approach is presented to combine the overlapping segments of SAR images acquired at adjacent tracks and generate accurate and high spatiotemporal resolution map of the surface deformation field. To this end, a new approach is developed to unify the datums. Effects due to the difference in look angle between two overlapping tracks and atmospheric delay are estimated and removed using Kalman and wavelet‐based filters. This approach is first tested at Hawaii Island, where tracks 200 and 429 of Envisat C‐band satellite overlap over the Kilauea south flank. The obtained time series improves the temporal sampling rate by a factor of two and comparison with GPS time series demonstrates that the presented method accurately measures the nonlinear deformation field. The advantages of this method are further demonstrated by combining SAR data sets acquired by Envisat C‐band and ALOS L‐band satellites over the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The validation test shows that the seamless combination of C‐band and L‐band time series accurately measures the surface deformation at higher resolution.
Greater Lateral Femorotibial Cartilage Loss in Osteoarthritis Initiative Participants With Incident Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hitzl Wolfgang , Wirth Wolfgang , Maschek Susanne , Cotofana Sebastian , Nevitt Michael , John Markus R. , Ladel Christoph , Eckstein Felix 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo explore whether baseline to 12‐month followup change in femorotibial cartilage thickness differs between subjects who received a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between 24 and 60 months from those without TKA (non‐TKA).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 531 right knees from Osteoarthritis Initiative participants with definite radiographic knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grades 2–4) were studied. Segmentation was applied to coronal fast low‐angle shot magnetic resonance images, to quantitatively determine cartilage thickness in 16 femorotibial subregions. Unadjusted P values (t‐tests) and P values adjusted for age, baseline body mass index (BMI), K/L grade, and sex (generalized estimating equation models) were used to evaluate differences in longitudinal 1‐year rates of cartilage thickness between TKAs and non‐TKAs, with total knee arthroplasty status as fixed effect.ResultsOf the 531 participants (mean ± SD ages 63 ± 9 years, BMI 30 ± 4.8 kg/m2), 40 received a femorotibial TKA within 4 years. At baseline, TKAs had thinner medial and lateral femorotibial cartilage (−15%; P < 0.001) than non‐TKAs. Longitudinal cartilage thickness change was significantly greater in TKAs than in non‐TKAs in the total femorotibial joint (area under the curve [AUC] 0.64), the lateral compartment (AUC 0.66), both tibiae (AUC ≥ 0.61), and the first 9 (of 16) ordered values of subregion change (AUC 0.64–0.69). Discrimination was stronger for TKAs that occurred at 24 and 36 months (n = 18) than for those at 48 and 60 months (n = 22).ConclusionKnees with incident TKA displayed smaller baseline cartilage thickness and greater lateral as well as location‐independent ordered value femorotibial cartilage loss than non‐TKAs. Discrimination of cartilage loss was greater for TKAs occurring within 2 years after the measurement than for those occurring later.
“Injury, illness, and work restriction in merchant seafarers”
Authors: Lefkowitz Rafael Y. , Slade Martin D. , Redlich Carrie A. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundResearch on seafarer medical conditions at sea is limited. This study describes the frequency and distribution of seafarer injury and illness at sea, and explores potential risk factors for resultant lost work.Materials and MethodsThe study analyzed a telemedicine database of 3,921 seafarer medical cases between 2008 and 2011 using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsThere were over twice as many illness cases (n = 2,764, 70.5%) as injury (n = 1,157, 29.5%) cases. Disability was more often secondary to illness (n = 646, 54.3%), predominantly from gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and respiratory conditions. Logistic regression revealed age, rank, and worksite as potential risk factors for lost work.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes illness as a significant problem occurring in seafarers at sea. Future research should further elucidate risk factors for illness, as well as injury, to inform preventive measures and reduce seafarer disability. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:688–696, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutrino mass: A gateway to new physics
Authors: Tanaka Hirohisa. A. 
Published: May 2015

The discovery of non‐zero neutrino mass and mixing has opened a portal to physics beyond the Standard Model whose implications are only beginning to be understood. The next decade promises critical developments with a program of ambitious experiments that will probe the fundamental nature of neutrino mass and mixing, and provide important clues on the primordial matter‐dominance of the universe.
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Deciphering a Nanocarbon‐Based Artificial Peroxidase: Chemical Identification of the Catalytically Active and Substrate‐Binding Sites on Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Sun Hanjun , Zhao Andong , Gao Nan , Li Kai , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe design and construction of efficient artificial enzymes is highly desirable. Recent studies have demonstrated that a series of carbon nanomaterials possess intrinsic peroxidase activity. Among them, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have a high enzymatic activity. However, the catalytic mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, in this report, we chose to decipher their peroxidase activity. By selectively deactivating the ketonic carbonyl, carboxylic, or hydroxy groups and investigating the catalytic activities of these GQD derivatives, we obtained evidence that the CO groups were the catalytically active sites, whereas the OCO groups acted as substrate‐binding sites, and COH groups can inhibit the activity. These results were corroborated by theoretical studies. This work should not only enhance our understanding of nanocarbon‐based artificial enzymes, but also facilitate the design and construction of other types of target‐specific artificial enzymes.
Fluorescent In Situ Targeting Probes for Rapid Imaging of Ovarian‐Cancer‐Specific γ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase
Authors: Wang Feiyi , Zhu Ying , Zhou Li , Pan Liang , Cui Zhifen , Fei Qiang , Luo Sihang , Pan Dun , Huang Qing , Wang Rui , Zhao Chunchang , Tian He , Fan Chunhai 
Published: May 2015

Abstractγ‐Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is a tumor biomarker that selectively catalyzes the cleavage of glutamate overexpressed on the plasma membrane of tumor cells. Here, we developed two novel fluorescent in situ targeting (FIST) probes that specifically target GGT in tumor cells, which comprise 1) a GGT‐specific substrate unit (GSH), and 2) a boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety for fluorescent signalling. In the presence of GGT, sulfur‐substituted BODIPY was converted to amino‐substituted BODIPY, resulting in dramatic fluorescence variations. By exploiting this enzyme‐triggered photophysical property, we employed these FIST probes to monitor the GGT activity in living cells, which showed remarkable differentiation between ovarian cancer cells and normal cells. These probes represent two first‐generation chemodosimeters featuring enzyme‐mediated rapid, irreversible aromatic hydrocarbon transfer between the sulfur and nitrogen atoms accompanied by switching of photophysical properties.
Brandverhalten von Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken aus Buchenholz
Authors: Klingsch Eike , Klippel Michael , Boccadoro Lorenzo , Frangi Andrea , Fontana Mario 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAm Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion (IBK) der ETH Zürich wurde das Brandverhalten von Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken aus Buchenholz untersucht. Die Verbunddecke besteht aus dünnen Furnierschichtholzplatten (Dicke 40 mm bzw. 80 mm) aus Buche (BauBuche) und einer darüberliegenden Betonschicht (Dicke 160 mm bzw. 120 mm). Die Furnierschichtholzplatten übernehmen sowohl die Funktion der Schalung als auch der Bewehrung. Dieses neuartige Deckensystem wurde im ETH House of Natural Resources an der ETH Zürich weltweit erstmals umgesetzt. Der Artikel fasst die Ergebnisse von zwei großmaßstäblichen Brandversuchen an belasteten Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken zusammen, die einem ISO‐Normbrand ausgesetzt wurden. Beide Brandversuche zeigen, dass die im Brandfall untersuchten Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken die tragende und brandabschnittsbildende Funktion über 90 min bzw. 60 min sicherstellen.Fire behaviour of timber‐concrete composite slabs using beechAt the Institute of Structural Engineering of the ETH Zurich, the fire behaviour of timber‐concrete composite slabs made with beech LVL was investigated. This composite slab is made of a thin plate (depth: 40 mm or 80 mm) using beech laminated veneer lumber (LVL) (BauBuche) and a concrete layer on top (depth: 160 mm or 120 mm). The beech plate acts as both formwork and as tensile reinforcement. This innovative slab system was implemented for the first time in the ETH House of Natural Resources at ETH Zurich. This paper summarizes the results of two large‐scale fire tests on loaded timber‐concrete composite slabs exposed to standard ISO fire. Both fire tests show that the timber‐concrete composite slab using beech LVL reaches sufficient fire resistance and integrity for 90 min and 60 min, respectively.
Innovativer Brandschutz für große Einkaufszentren
Authors: Klinzmann Christoph , Upmeyer Jens 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDas Einkaufen in Deutschland hat sich in den letzten Jahren gewandelt. Dadurch entstehen große Einkaufszentren am Rand oder außerhalb von Innenstädten. Sie beinhalten eine multifunktionale Nutzung, üblicherweise bestehend aus Verkauf, Veranstaltung und Gastronomie, sodass in diesen Gebäuden das Einkaufen idealerweise zu einer Freizeitbeschäftigung und einem Erlebnis werden soll. Diese multifunktionalen Nutzungen sind in der Regel durch die Verkaufsstättenverordnung nicht abschließend abgedeckt. Zur Bewertung dieser Gebäude müssen besondere schutzzielorientierte Brandschutzkonzepte aufgestellt werden, die bei zahlreichen komplexen Fragestellungen durch Ingenieurmethoden des Brandschutzes ergänzt und begründet werden müssen. Insbesondere werden ingenieurmäßige Berechnungen zur Gebäuderäumung oder zur Entrauchung durchgeführt. In diesem Beitrag werden anhand von Praxisbeispielen die Möglichkeiten und Lösungswege aufgezeigt, wie diese besonderen brandschutztechnischen Fragestellungen in den modernen und sehr großen Einkaufszentren gelöst werden können.Innovative fire safety of large shopping centresIn Germany shopping malls have changed in recent times. This is the result of the fact that the operators of shopping malls are trying to drawing more and more people into their buildings and thus making them more attractive, leading to a multifunctional usage consisting of shopping, events and gastronomy. The main interest is to understand shopping as a part of leisure and make shopping an event. The multifunctional usage in most cases is not covered by the respective building law for special buildings, the Verkaufsstättenverordnung.The article shows and summarizes the key points of the change of shopping centres and explains the resulting difficulties with building regulations with the regard to fire safety. In addition future changes of the building regulations affecting the flexible use of shopping centres are discussed. Furthermore main elements of the fire safety concepts of two large shopping centre projects, the “Milaneo” in Stuttgart and “The Squaire” in Frankfurt, are explained.
Paulifurtbrücke – Entwurf, Planung und Ausführung einer UHPC‐Schalenbrücke
Authors: Olipitz Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDieser Aufsatz beinhaltet die Beschreibung der Planung und der Ausführung einer trogförmigen Rahmenbrücke mit einer Spannweite von 32 m, deren Riegel durch vorgespannte UHPC‐Elemente ausgeführt wurde. Beginnend mit der Entwurfsentscheidung bis zur fertigen Montage des Tragwerks sind die einzelnen Schritte in ihrem Ablauf beschrieben. Die Herstellung sowie das Versetzen der UHPC‐Elemente erfordert eine hohe Genauigkeit und Qualität der Fertigung. Der Einsatz dünnwandiger UHPC‐Bauteile subsumiert die Einbindung geometrischer Steifigkeiten in den Tragwerksentwurf und stellt eine besondere Herausforderung an den Tragwerksplaner. Das Fügen der Bauteile sowie die Besonderheiten im Zusammenhang mit der Vorspannung sind weitere Themen, deren Schwierigkeiten und Lösungen aufgezeigt werden. Um UHPC‐Bauteile konkurrenzfähig am Markt einsetzen zu können, bedarf es besonderer Rahmenbedingungen. Auf den formal ästhetischen Aspekt wurde bei diesem Entwurf besonderer Wert gelegt.Paulifurt‐Bridge – design, planing and execution of a UHPC‐shell‐bridgeThe following essay consists the describtion of the aspects of the planning and the execution of a trough shaped frame bridge with a span width of 32 meters. The beams of the frame are executed by pre‐stressed UHPC elements. Each steps in the process from the decision of design until the mounting of the construction are described. The production and the setting of the UHPC elements required high specifications concerning the precision and quality in the production line. The application of thin‐walled UHPC structural elements subsumed the integration of geometrical stiffness in the structural design and is a specific challenge for the structural engineer. The joining of the structural elements and the challenge in connection with the pre‐stressing were additional subjects. This challenges and solutions are presented. There is a need for special frame conditions to apply UHPC structural elements on a competitive basis in the market place. Of particular importance in the design were the formal aesthetic of the structural design.
SPH fluid control with self‐adaptive turbulent details
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong , Liu Shiguang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSmoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)‐based fluid control is often involved in fluid animation. Because most of the existing SPH fluid control methods employ the strategy of control force to control fluid particles, the artificial viscosity introduced by control force would lead to the loss of fine‐scale details. Although the introduction of the low‐pass filter can add details, it may easily destroy the target shape. To remedy the previous problems, we sample the control particles with curvature information to represent the shape complexity. Because of the shape's complexity, we suppress the generation of turbulence in the high‐curvature areas and promote turbulence in the low‐curvature regions. Our self‐adaptive way to randomly generate turbulence can effectively prevent the lack of fluid dynamics caused by the artificial viscosity. Our new method can improve the visual quality of the fluid animation, and the shape control result is consistent to the target shape. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image‐inspired haptic interaction
Authors: Zhang Xingzi , Sourin Alexei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe add new modality to image‐based visualization by converting ordinary photos into tangible images, which can be then haptically rendered. This is performed by interactive sketching haptic models on the photos so that the models match the image parts, which will become tangible. In contrast to common geometric modelling, we define the haptic models in a three‐dimensional haptic modelling space distorted by the central projection. Analytic FRep functions (variants of implicit functions) are mostly used for defining the haptic models. The tangible images thus created can realistically simulate some actual three‐dimensional scenes by implementing the principle “What You See Is What You Touch” while in fact still be 2D images. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.