bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gout, Urate‐Lowering Therapy, and Uric Acid Levels Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Kovell Lara C. , Miller Edgar R. , Gelber Allan C. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveEvidence strongly suggests that delivery of gout care is suboptimal. The 2012 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines emphasize a serum uric acid (SUA) target of <6 mg/dl when utilizing urate‐lowering therapy (ULT). However, the proportion and characteristics of Americans with gout receiving ULT, or with a ULT indication, who are achieving this target is unknown.MethodsWe identified US adults with gout receiving ULT, and those with an indication for ULT, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2007–2010. Using the ACR guidelines, a ULT indication comprised chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2–5, a history of nephrolithiasis, or current ULT use. Demographic and clinical factors associated with an SUA ≥6 mg/dl were determined using Poisson regression.ResultsIn 2007–2010, an estimated 4.5 million US adults with gout had an indication for ULT; two‐thirds had an SUA ≥6 mg/dl. In adjusted analyses among those with gout and CKD or nephrolithiasis, those age ≥70 years were less likely (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61–0.97) to have an SUA ≥6 mg/dl. Regarding those taking ULT, hypertension was related to a reduced prevalence (PR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30–0.87), whereas diabetes mellitus (PR 1.42, 95% CI 1.06–1.90) and obesity (PR 1.74, 95% CI 1.19–2.56) were each associated with a higher prevalence of an SUA value ≥6 mg/dl.ConclusionHalf of all Americans with gout receiving ULT, and two‐thirds with an indication for ULT, have an SUA above target. This study furnishes a meaningful baseline for assessing the effectiveness of the ACR guidelines in future years.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Relation to Maternal Prenatal Smoking
Authors: Shenoi Susan , Bell Samantha , Wallace Carol A. , Mueller Beth A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveCigarette smoking increases the risk of seropositive adult rheumatoid arthritis. The relationship of smoking with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a heterogeneous group of 7 mutually exclusive categories of chronic childhood inflammatory arthritides, is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the association between JIA and its categories with maternal prenatal smoking.MethodsThis case–control study used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from hospital records to identify 1,196 JIA cases born in Washington state and diagnosed at a quaternary pediatric center from 1997–2010. Controls (n = 5,618) were randomly selected from birth records of children without JIA, frequency matched on birth year. Prenatal smoking exposure was assessed from subjects' birth certificates. Chart review categorized JIA into International League of Associations for Rheumatology categories. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using logistic regression.ResultsWe did not observe an increased risk of JIA in relation to maternal prenatal smoking. Prenatal smoking was reported less often among mothers of JIA cases (11%), than among control mothers (17%; OR 0.71 [95% CI 0.58–0.87]), a relationship somewhat more marked for oligoarticular/extended oligoarticular JIA. Although this relationship persisted after adjustment, we cannot rule out that the effect may have been due to residual confounding by socioeconomic status.ConclusionWe did not observe an increased risk of JIA or its individual categories with maternal prenatal smoking.
Synthesis, Spectral and Thermal Degradation Kinetics of the Epoxidized Resole Resin Derived from Cardanol
Authors: SHUKLA SHRAWAN KUMAR , SRIVASTAVA DEEPAK , SRIVASTAVA KAVITA 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCardanol‐based epoxidized resole resins (ERCF) were synthesized by reacting resole‐type phenolic resin (RCF) and epichlorohydrin in a basic medium, at 120ºC. Resole‐type phenolic resins were synthesized by reacting cardanol and formaldehyde (in molar ratios 1:1.3, 1:1.5, 1:1.7, 1:1.9, 1:2.1) in the presence of sodium hydroxide, as a catalyst, at five different temperatures ranging between 60 and 80ºC with an interval of 5ºC for a maximum period of 6 h. These prepared samples were cured using 15% polyamide as a curing agent at 120 ± 2ºC for 1 h. The synthesized resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. The thermal properties of all these samples were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 10ºC min−1. Decomposition kinetics was studied by various kinetic models for the synthesized compounds. The TG/DTG thermograms showed two‐step decomposition behavior in all the samples of ERCF. In the present study, Coast–Redfern, Horowitz–Metzger, and Broido models have been used to calculate the activation energy (Ea) and preexponential factor (A) for different stages. The activation energy calculated from all the three models mentioned above were close to each other for the prepared ERCF.
Examining the utility of thresholds for aerobic fitness related to resting blood pressure and BMI in portuguese children
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Martins Clarice , Silva Gustavo , Ribeiro José Carlos , Oliveira José , Pizarro Andreia , Mota Jorge , Aires Luisa 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesThis study examined the utility of the Ruiz et al. cut‐points when examining body mass index (BMI) and resting blood pressure in young people.MethodsTwo hundred fifty‐six children (154 girls and 102 boys) aged 7–16 years underwent assessment of BMI, physical maturation, resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and cardiorespiratory fitness using breath by breath gas analysis during treadmill testing to exhaustion.ResultsResults from a series of 2 (fit vs. unfit) × 2 (gender) ways analysis of covariance, controlling for maturation indicated higher SBP in the unfit group compared to the fit group (P = 0.001), higher DBP in the unfit group compared to the fit group (P = 0.04) and higher BMI (in unfit) than fit children (P = 0.0001). Males had significantly higher BMI than females (P = 0.04). Maturation as a covariate was significantly and positively associated with SBP (P = 0.003), DBP (P = 0.004), and BMI (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the Ruiz et al. cut‐points are valid in distinguishing between children with higher and lower BMI and resting BP values. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:226–227, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐NMDAR encephalitis: case report and diagnostic issues
Authors: Omura Taishi , Sonoda Seijiro , Nagata Katsuhiro , Okita Taihei , Hoshiai Akira , Sano Hidefumi , Tanaka Yosuke , Tsurukiri Junya , Arai Takao , Ohta Shoichi 
Published: September 2014

CaseA 20‐year‐old woman developed acute psychotic symptoms and altered level of consciousness. She presented with neck stiffness, tremulous arms, facial dyskinesia, and distension of the lower abdomen. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral ovarian teratomas. Anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antibodies were detected in her cerebrospinal fluid.OutcomeResection of the tumors and immunotherapy were carried out. She gradually recovered and was discharged with few neurological deficits on the 105th day of hospitalization.ConclusionOur survey of 63 previous reports describing 92 cases revealed that 21.7% of the patients were sent to emergency departments and 59.8% of the patients were managed in intensive care units. Emergency physicians and intensivists should be aware of this disorder, as they may encounter undiagnosed disorders in patients with epileptic attacks, acute psychotic signs, dyskinesia, or hypoventilation in the course of the illness.
Enantioselective CH Bond Functionalization Triggered by Radical Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkene
Authors: Yu Peng , Lin Jin‐Shun , Li Lei , Zheng Sheng‐Cai , Xiong Ya‐Ping , Zhao Li‐Jiao , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn asymmetric unactivated alkene/CH bond difunctionalization reaction for the concomitant construction of CCF3 and CO bonds was realized by using a Cu/Brønsted acid cooperative catalytic system, thus providing facile access to valuable chiral CF3‐containing N,O‐aminals with excellent regio‐, chemo‐, and enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that this reaction may proceed by an unprecedented 1,5‐hydride shift involving activation of unactivated alkenes and a radical trifluoromethylation to initiate subsequent enantioselective functionalization of CH bonds. Control experiments also suggested that chiral Brønsted acid plays multiple roles and not only controls the stereoselectivity but also increases the reaction rate through activation of Togni’s reagent.
Thermoresponsive and Photoluminescent Hybrid Silicon Nanoparticles by Surface‐Initiated Group Transfer Polymerization of Diethyl Vinylphosphonate
Authors: Kehrle Julian , Höhlein Ignaz M. D. , Yang Zhenyu , Jochem Aljosha‐Rakim , Helbich Tobias , Kraus Tobias , Veinot Jonathan G. C. , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present a method to combine the functional features of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP) and photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals. The polymer–particle hybrids were synthesized in three steps through surface‐initiated group transfer polymerization using Cp2YCH2TMS(thf) as a catalyst. This pathway of particle modification renders the nanoparticle surface stable against oxidation. Although SiNC properties are known to be sensitive toward transition metals, the hybrid particles exhibit red photoluminescence in water. The temperature‐dependent coiling of PDEVP results in a change of the hydrodynamic radius of the hybrid particles in water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of controlled catalytic polymerization reactions on a silicon nanocrystal surface.
Protecting‐Group‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Glycoconjugates Directly from Reducing Sugars
Authors: Lim David , Brimble Margaret A. , Kowalczyk Renata , Watson Andrew J. A. , Fairbanks Antony John 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe conversion of sugars into glycomimetics typically involves multiple protecting‐group manipulations. The development of methodology allowing the direct aqueous conversion of free sugars into glycosides, and mimics of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in a high‐yielding and stereoselective process is highly desirable. The combined use of 2‐azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate and the Cu‐catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition allowed the synthesis of a range of glycoconjugates in a one‐step reaction directly from reducing sugars under aqueous conditions. The reaction, which is completely stereoselective, may be applied to the convergent synthesis of triazole‐linked glycosides, oligosaccharides, and glycopeptides. The procedure provides a method for the one‐pot aqueous ligation of oligosaccharides and peptides bearing alkyne side chains.
Antibody‐Secreting Cell Specificity in Labial Salivary Glands Reflects the Clinical Presentation and Serology in Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Maier‐Moore Jacen S. , Koelsch Kristi A. , Smith Kenneth , Lessard Christopher J. , Radfar Lida , Lewis David , Kurien Biji T. , Wolska Nina , Deshmukh Umesh , Rasmussen Astrid , Sivils Kathy L. , James Judith A. , Farris A. Darise , Scofield R. Hal 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe serologic hallmark of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is the presence of IgG antibodies specific for Ro (SSA) and La (SSB). The molecular characteristics of gland‐derived B cells at the site of primary SS inflammation have been described previously; however, parallels between glandular antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) and serologic antibody specificities have not been evaluated. We used recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology to study the specificities of salivary gland (SG)–derived ASCs, evaluate their molecular characteristics, and identify IgG antibody specificity.MethodsHuman antibodies were generated from glandular IgG ASCs. Heavy chain and light chain use and immunoglobulin subclass were analyzed by sequencing. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, and 35S‐labeled protein immunoprecipitation analysis were used to determine antibody specificity.ResultsEvaluation of single ASCs in SG biopsy specimens from a patient with primary SS and a patient with SS and overlapping systemic lupus erythematosus revealed significant concordance between serum autoantibody and glandular ASC specificities. Gland‐derived ASC heavy chains and light chains were extensively somatically hypermutated, which is indicative of antigen‐driven responses. Specifically, we produced the first fully human mAb derived from SGs.ConclusionIn patients with SS, the SGs are a site for the production of antibodies that extend beyond the canonical Ro and/or La SS specificities. Glandular antibody production strongly reflected the serologic humoral response in the 2 patients whom we studied.
Genetic Dissection of Acute Anterior Uveitis Reveals Similarities and Differences in Associations Observed With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Robinson Philip C. , Claushuis Theodora A. M. , Cortes Adrian , Martin Tammy M. , Evans David M. , Leo Paul , Mukhopadhyay Pamela , Bradbury Linda A. , Cremin Katie , Harris Jessica , Maksymowych Walter P. , Inman Robert D. , Rahman Proton , Haroon Nigil , Gensler Lianne , Powell Joseph E. , van der Horst‐Bruinsma Irene E. , Hewitt Alex W. , Craig Jamie E. , Lim Lyndell L. , Wakefield Denis , McCluskey Peter , Voigt Valentina , Fleming Peter ,   Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada, Australio-Anglo-American Spondylitis Consortium, International Genetics of Ankylosing Spondylitis Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Study 2, Degli‐Esposti Mariapia , Pointon Jennifer J. , Weisman Michael H. , Wordsworth B. Paul , Reveille John D. , Rosenbaum James T. , Brown Matthew A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo use high‐density genotyping to investigate the genetic associations of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in patients with and those without ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsWe genotyped samples from 1,711 patients with AAU (either primary or combined with AS), 2,339 AS patients without AAU, and 10,000 control subjects on an Illumina Immunochip Infinium microarray. We also used data for AS patients from previous genome‐wide association studies to investigate the AS risk locus ANTXR2 for its putative effect in AAU. ANTXR2 expression in mouse eyes was investigated by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA comparison between all patients with AAU and healthy control subjects showed strong association over HLA–B, corresponding to the HLA–B27 tag single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs116488202. The association of 3 non–major histocompatibility complex loci, IL23R, the intergenic region 2p15, and ERAP1, reached genome‐wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8). Five loci harboring the immune‐related genes IL10–IL19, IL18R1–IL1R1, IL6R, the chromosome 1q32 locus harboring KIF21B, as well as the eye‐related gene EYS, were also associated, reaching a suggestive level of significance (P < 5 × 10−6). Several previously confirmed AS associations demonstrated significant differences in effect size between AS patients with AAU and AS patients without AAU. ANTXR2 expression varied across eye compartments.ConclusionThese findings of both novel AAU‐specific associations and associations shared with AS demonstrate overlapping but also distinct genetic susceptibility loci for AAU and AS. The associations in IL10 and IL18R1 are shared with inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting common etiologic pathways.
Design and Validation of a Model‐Based Starting Speed Control Scheme for Spark Ignition Engines
Authors: Zhang Jiangyan , Shen Tielong , Junichi Kako , Marino Riccardo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to present the design and experimental validations of a model‐based control scheme, which aims at smooth and fast response for spark ignition (SI) engines during the starting phase. The control scheme consists of the fuel injection control loop and the speed regulation loop. As far as the fuel control is concerned, an observer‐based estimation scheme is designed which includes the air charge estimation for each cylinder: this estimation is needed to generate the individual injection command by inverting the dynamical model of fuel path. The speed regulation is achieved by an event‐based coordinated feedback control of spark advance (SA) and throttle opening: the convergence analysis is shown by using the Lyapunov–Krasovskiii stability theorem for time‐delay systems. The control scheme proposed formerly by the authors, which was only tested by simulations, is redesigned and recalibrated to meet the robustness specifications which were violated in experiments. The redesigned controller is found to be satisfactory in extensive experimental tests.
Anchoring Effects in Simulated Academic Promotion Decisions: How the Promotion Criterion Affects Ratings and the Decision to Support an Application
Authors: Chen Zhe , Kemp Simon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSix experiments investigated the effect of the promotion criterion in simulated academic promotion decisions. In total, 547 undergraduate students and 33 university faculty members rated a promotion application, and some also indicated their decisions to support or to reject it. Performance ratings were reliably affected by the criterion, with a high criterion resulting in higher ratings than a low criterion, and this criterion effect was found regardless of the evaluator's expertise, whether he or she took the role of an independent assessor or the line manager to the applicant, or whether the criterion was provided by the experimenter or randomly generated by the participant. The criterion also affected the level of support for a candidate when the position applied for was perceived to be extremely competitive, or when a lesser position was considered at a later time. These results provide evidence that the use of a criterion, a fairly common practice in decision‐making processes, may bias performance evaluations, which in turn may have ripple effects that affect the outcome of a chain of events. Our results also shed light on the possible mechanisms that underlie the rating biases in performance appraisal. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of α,β‐Linked Oligothiazoles with Controlled Sequence
Authors: Nakashima Takuya , Imamura Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Kyohei , Kimura Yuka , Katao Shohei , Hashimoto Yuichiro , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2014

Abstractα,β‐Linked oligothiazoles with head‐to‐tail connectivity are presented as a new family of helical scaffolds. Combinations of palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions at the 5‐ and 4‐positions of 2‐phenylthiazole led to the synthesis of oligo(2‐phenylthiazoles) with ortho linkages with a variety of defined sequences. The secondary structures of the α,β‐linked oligo(2‐phenylthiazoles) showed a clear dependence on their sequences. X‐ray crystallography of the trimer, tetramer, and hexamer with head‐to‐tail connection revealed the formation of a helical structure, which was stabilized by a combination of intramolecular forces, including interheteroatom (S⋅⋅⋅N), CH–π, and π–π interactions. The introduction of a chiral end‐group successfully led to the induction of chirality into the helical conformations. Programmable sequences for controlled geometries and photofunctions have been demonstrated through the manifold connection pathways in α,β‐linked oligothiazoles.
Controlling Aqueous Self‐Assembly Mechanisms by Hydrophobic Interactions
Authors: Rudolph Tobias , Kumar Allampally Naveen , Fernández Gustavo , Schacher Felix H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report an innovative template‐assisted synthetic protocol for the selective functionalization of terminal triple bonds in oligophenyleneethynylenes (OPE) by pre‐organization in aqueous solution. By this approach, three new OPE‐based bolaamphiphiles substituted with hydrophilic poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) chains of different length have been synthesized. The chain length was observed to strongly influence the aqueous supramolecular polymerization: bolaamphiphiles with longer hydrophilic chains aggregate into spherical nanoparticles in a stepwise fashion, whereas 2D anisotropic platelets are formed cooperatively if shorter PEtOx chains are used. Our results demonstrate that hydrophobic interactions can be strong enough to trigger cooperative effects in aqueous self‐assembly processes.
Ionic Liquids as Precatalysts in the Highly Stereoselective Conjugate Addition of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes to Chalcones
Authors: Ta Linda , Axelsson Anton , Bijl Joachim , Haukka Matti , Sundén Henrik 
Published: September 2014

AbstractImidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) serve both as recyclable reaction media and as precatalysts for the N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed conjugate addition of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to chalcones. The reaction produces a broad scope of 1,6‐ketoesters incorporating ananti‐diphenyl moiety in high yields and with high stereoselectivity. In recycling experiments, the IL can be reused up to five times with retained reactivity and selectivity. Moreover, the 1,6‐ketoesters form self‐assembled organogels in aliphatic hydrocarbons. The reaction protocol is robust, easily operated, scalable and highly functionalized compounds can be obtained from inexpensive and readily accessible starting materials.
Scheduling independent tasks on multi‐cores with GPU accelerators
Authors: Bleuse Raphael , Kedad‐Sidhoum Safia , Monna Florence , Mounié Grégory , Trystram Denis 
Published: September 2014

SummaryMore and more computers use hybrid architectures combining multi‐core processors and hardware accelerators such as graphics processing units (GPUs). We present in this paper a new method for scheduling efficiently parallel applications with m CPUs and k GPUs, where each task of the application can be processed either on a core (CPU) or on a GPU. The objective is to minimize the maximum completion time (makespan). The corresponding scheduling problem is Non‐deterministic Polynomial (NP)‐time hard, Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platform zero: a step closer to ubiquitous computing
Authors: Muhlbauer Adam , Zelinsky Timothy , Kanhere Salil S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryUbiquitous computing is predicted to be the next major paradigm shift in computing since the personal computing revolution. The past 5–10 years has seen the development and adoption of fast mobile devices and widely available data networks, enabling a new generation user and device interaction. However, without understanding the context in which they operate, devices cannot truly adapt to humans or the environment in which they operate.We present a real‐time, context‐aware platform that promotes information‐centric, natural interactions between many different personal computing devices. Our system allows devices to intelligently interpret the context they operate in to better serve the user. Moreover, our platform supports a rapidly emerging trend in computing, wherein a single user simultaneously uses multiple devices in unison (computer, smartphone and tablet) to complete a particular task. Our platform can use current device context to sense collaboration between devices and users, automatically annotating information to improve future retrieval. Through removing the perceived borders between devices, our system aims to create a seamless information sharing experience in a multi‐device, multiuser environment. Our reference implementation supports Apple iOS devices and OSX computers. Moreover, we present extensive evaluations to demonstrate its efficacy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.