bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual analysis of host and pathogen transcriptomes in ostreid herpesvirus 1‐positive Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Rosani U. , Varotto L. , Domeneghetti S. , Arcangeli G. , Pallavicini A. , Venier P. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryOstreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV‐1) has become a problematic infective agent for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In particular, the OsHV‐1 μVar subtype has been associated with severe mortality episodes in oyster spat and juvenile oysters in France and other regions of the world. Factors enhancing the infectivity of the virus and its interactions with susceptible and resistant bivalve hosts are still to be understood, and only few studies have explored the expression of oyster or viral genes during productive infections. In this work, we have performed a dual RNA sequencing analysis on an oyster sample with a high viral load. High sequence coverage allowed us to thoroughly explore the OsHV‐1 transcriptome and identify the activated molecular pathways in C. gigas. The identification of several highly induced and defence‐related oyster transcripts supports the crucial role played by the innate immune system against the virus and opportunistic microbes possibly contributing to subsequent spat mortality.
Food Competition in World Markets: Some Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis of Top Exporting Countries
Authors: Baiardi Donatella , Bianchi Carluccio , Lorenzini Eleonora 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the relevance of relative prices and world income as determinants of food exports for the top trading countries in the period 1992–2012 using a panel data framework. We find that price elasticities generally take lower values for processed goods, and the opposite holds for income elasticities. Processed goods are also characterised by an inverse relationship between price elasticities and average unit values. The analysis suggests that both emerging and advanced countries can be expected to increase their export specialisation in processed goods. Furthermore, developed economies can face fierce competition from emerging countries by enhancing the quality content of their processed good exports.
Factors influencing ceftriaxone use in community‐acquired pneumonia: Emergency doctors’ perspectives
Authors: Almatar Maher Ali , Peterson Gregory M , Thompson Angus , Zaidi Syed Tabish R 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the perceptions of ED doctors regarding the use of ceftriaxone in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews were conducted with ED doctors in an Australian tertiary public hospital. A semi‐structured interview method was used for collecting data and a framework analysis approach utilised to identify emerging themes regarding the influences on ED prescribers when using ceftriaxone for CAP.ResultsEight interviews were performed (two consultants, four registrars and two residents). Five main themes emerged as influencing decisions regarding the selection of ceftriaxone for patients with CAP: (i) clinical intuition versus structured evaluation of severity; (ii) clinical uncertainty; (iii) prior experience; (iv) source of guidance; and (v) prescribing etiquette.ConclusionAs most cases of CAP are initially diagnosed and treated empirically in the ED, any interventions that aim to decrease inappropriate use of ceftriaxone for CAP should address the factors identified here that influence ED doctors’ prescribing decisions.
The paradoxical victim: Intimate violence narratives on trial in Italy
Authors: GRIBALDO ALESSANDRA 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTVictims’ testimony plays a pivotal role in domestic violence hearings in Italy. In examining this role, I approach the Italian legal field as a heterogeneous system of knowledge and power that engages in complex relations with techniques of subjection and discourses of truth and, thus, as eminently suited to investigating the production of the victim‐subject. Paradoxically, the testimony of female victims of abuse is trapped between the normativity of justice system requirements and the confessional device, rendering it legally insignificant and thus essentially inadequate. In this context, the women's credibility and agency are central. I outline one legal case in which race and class intersect and the required modes of testimony are disrupted through the use of communication styles drawn from popular culture.
Prime‐time politics: News, parody, and fictional credibility in Chile
Authors: ASHLEY JENNIFER 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTChile's public television station, TVN, relies on a programming structure that places a telenovela before and after the national news hour. This programming model's popularity is due to what producers call its “umbrella effect,” meaning that the ratings of one program help to protect what comes before and after. In the months leading up to the 2009–10 presidential election, TVN blurred the boundaries between these two televisual genres by producing one telenovela that parodied the inner workings of a news station and another that enlisted a well‐known journalist to serve as its narrator. Drawing on fieldwork with media producers and telenovela fans, I argue that the overlaps between these two genres make visible the relation between media, political, and economic infrastructures. Analysis of these programming flows in the context of the electoral campaign provides insight into the role of transitions as places of politics making.
Unearthing Women's Anti‐Mining Activism in the Andes: Pachamama and the “Mad Old Women”
Authors: Jenkins Katy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWomen play an important role in social activism challenging the expansion of extractive industries across Latin America. In arguing that this involvement has been largely unrecognised, this paper explores Andean Peruvian and Ecuadorian women's accounts of their activism and the particular gendered narratives that the women deploy in explaining and legitimising this activism. These discussions contribute to understanding the patterning of grassroots activism and making visible the gendered micro‐politics of resistance and struggle around natural resource use, as well as to understanding the gendered and strategic ways in which women contest dominant discourses of development.
Retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in the ciliary MAK gene is relatively mild and is not associated with apparent extra‐ocular features
Authors: van Huet Ramon A. C. , Siemiatkowska Anna M. , Özgül Riza K. , Yücel Didem , Hoyng Carel B. , Banin Eyal , Blumenfeld Anat , Rotenstreich Ygal , Riemslag Frans C. C. , den Hollander Anneke I. , Theelen Thomas , Collin Rob W. J. , van den Born L. Ingeborgh , Klevering B. Jeroen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeDefects in MAK, encoding a protein localized to the photoreceptor connecting cilium, have recently been associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The aim of this study is to describe our detailed clinical observations in patients with MAK‐associated RP, including an assessment of syndromic symptoms frequently observed in ciliopathies.MethodsIn this international collaborative study, 11 patients carrying nonsense or missense mutations in MAK were clinically evaluated, including extensive assessment of the medical history, slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, kinetic perimetry, electroretinography (ERG), spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), autofluorescence imaging and fundus photography. Additionally, we used a questionnaire to evaluate the presence of syndromic features and tested the olfactory function.ResultsMAK‐associated RP is not associated with syndromic features, not even with subclinical dysfunction of the olfactory apparatus. All patients experienced typical RP symptoms of night blindness followed by visual field constriction. Symptoms initiated between childhood and the age of 43 (mean: 23 years). Although some patients experienced vision loss, the visual acuity remained normal in most patients. ERG and ophthalmoscopy revealed classic RP characteristics, and SD‐OCT demonstrated thinning of the overall retina, outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor–pigment epithelium complex.ConclusionNonsense and missense mutations in MAK give rise to a non‐syndromic recessive RP phenotype without apparent extra‐ocular features. When compared to other retinal ciliopathies, MAK‐associated RP appears to be relatively mild and shows remarkable resemblance to RP1‐associated RP, which could be explained by the close functional relation of these proteins.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 regulates protein disulphide isomerase translation in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐activated endothelial cells
Authors: Meng N. , Peng N. , Huang S. , Wang S. Q. , Zhao J. , Su L. , Zhang Y. , Zhang S. , Zhao B. , Miao J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsEndothelium‐derived protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is required for thrombus formation in vivo. But, how to control PDI overproduction in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐activated vascular endothelial cells (VECs) is not well understood. In this study, we try to answer this question using our newly identified activator of mTOC1 3‐benzyl‐5‐((2‐nitrophenoxy) methyl)‐dihydrofuran‐2 (3H)‐one (3BDO) that has been shown to protect VECs.MethodsFirst, we performed a proteomics analysis on the oxLDL‐activated vascular VECs in the presence or absence of 3BDO. Next, we constructed the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1) mutants at Ser43 and used the RNA‐ChIP technique to investigate the relationship between hnRNP E1 and PDI production. Furthermore, we examined the effect of 3BDO on oxLDL‐altered phosphorylation of Akt1 and Akt2. Finally, we studied the effect of 3BDO on oxLDL‐altered PDI protein level in apolipoprotein E−/− mice with advanced atherosclerosis.ResultsIn VECs, oxLDL‐increased PDI protein level, induced hnRNP E1 phosphorylation at Ser43, suppressed the binding of hnRNP E1 to PDI 5′UTR and induced the phosphorylation of Akt2 but not Akt1. All of these processes were blocked by 3BDO. Importantly, Ser43 mutant of hnRNP E1 inhibited the increase of PDI protein level and the decrease of the binding of hnRNP E1 and PDI 5′UTR induced by oxLDL. Furthermore, 3BDO suppressed oxLDL‐induced PDI protein increase in the serum and plaque endothelium of apolipoprotein E−/− mice.ConclusionhnRNP E1 is a new regulator of PDI translation in oxLDL‐activated VECs, and 3BDO is a powerful agent for controlling PDI overproduction.
Is mechanical bowel preparation still necessary for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Huaping , Wang Haiyan , He Mei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionA number of studies have proven that mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) has no benefits in elective colorectal surgery. However, studies specifically related to gynecologic laparoscopic surgery are scant. We undertook a meta‐analysis to assess the necessity of MBP before gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.MethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Two authors independently extracted data from each study. The primary outcome of interest was the quality of surgical field. Secondary outcomes of interest included postoperative pain, abdominal swelling, nausea/vomiting, and length of hospital stay.ResultsThree studies involving 372 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The results showed that MBP did not significantly increase the overall quality of surgical field exposure (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–1.49; P = 0.52). MBP also did not appear to significantly change the mean scores of postoperative pain (weighted mean difference, 0.09; 95%CI, −0.54–0.71; P = 0.79), the incidence of nausea/vomiting (odds ratio, 1.56; 95%CI, 0.80 to 3.03; P = 0.19), the mean scores of abdominal swelling (weighted mean difference, −0.26; 95%CI, −0.83–0.30; P = 0.36), and length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference, 0.05; 95%CI, −0.13–0.22; P = 0.62).ConclusionsOur results suggest that routine use of MBP for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery should not be recommended. However, additional randomized controlled trials using large samples are needed to confirm these findings.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of various treatment procedures for lower pole renal calculi: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Shaun Wen‐Huey , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Chong Huey‐Yi , Liong Men‐Long 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of various treatments used for lower pole renal calculi.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Collaboration's Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials as well as ClinicalTrials.gov for reports up to 1 April 2014. The search was supplemented with abstract reports from various urology conferences. All randomised, ‘blinded’ clinical studies including patients treated for lower pole renal calculi of <20 mm were included for review. Two authors independently reviewed 5 194 articles, and identified and selected 13 trials for analysis. Network meta‐analysis was performed to generate comparative statistics, while quality was assessed with the Jadad composite scale and risk of bias.ResultsAll treatment methods examined: percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS) and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) with an adjuvant therapy (such as inversion, hydration and forced diuresis) were more effective than SWL therapy alone, with risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) of being stone free of: PNL 2.19 (1.62–2.96); URS 1.23 (1.03–1.48); and SWL with an adjuvant therapy 1.30 (1.03–1.63). However, patients treated with the other treatment methods also had a higher risk of adverse events (AEs) compared with SWL, but there was no evidence of a convincing difference between the various techniques and AEs.ConclusionIn stones of <10 mm, SWL with an adjuvant therapy appears to have better stone clearance, lower risk of AEs, and need for further treatment. PNL was most effective treating larger stones, after considering both effectiveness and safety of treatment. These should be considered by both physicians and patients alike when considering the choice of treatment and in the revision of clinical practice guidelines.
A gender‐dependent analysis of Cushing's disease in childhood: pre‐ and postoperative follow‐up
Authors: Libuit Laura G. , Karageorgiadis Alexander S. , Sinaii Ninet , Nguyen May Nina M. , Keil Margaret F. , Lodish Maya B. , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo analyse gender differences in the clinical presentation and recovery of paediatric patients with Cushing's disease (CD) after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Indeed, gender differences between paediatric patients with CD during presentation, after TSS and postoperative recovery have not been adequately studied.DesignData were obtained and retrospectively analysed from clinical reports and biochemical tests at the time of presentation, 5–9 days after TSS and at the 6 and 12 months postoperative follow‐up visits to determine hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) recovery.PatientsData from 102 paediatric patients (48 females, 54 males, mean age 12·9 ± 3·0) with CD who underwent TSS at the National Institute of Health (NIH) Clinical Center between 1997 and 2011.ResultsThere was equal distribution of paediatric CD between males and females (53% vs 47%; n = 102, P = 0·484). Males were more likely than females to present with higher mean BMI Z‐scores (2·2 ± 0·7 vs 1·9 ± 0·6, P = 0·0079), lower mean height Z‐scores (−1·2 ± 1·3 vs −0·7 ± 1·1, P = 0·0467) and higher median plasma ACTH (12·2 vs 8·5 pmol/l; P = 0·0495). Females did not present more frequently with any single sign or symptom. No significant differences were found between males and females for CD cure rates 5–9 days after TSS (87·0% males vs 87·5% females, P = 1·0), long‐term cure rates (86·5% vs 93·7%; n = 69; P = 0·4374) and HPAA recovery time (11·2 ± 2·5 vs 11·7 ± 2·5 months; n = 47; P = 0·1992).ConclusionsPaediatric CD is found to have equal distribution between males and females, but male patients present with elevated BMI and potentially shorter height and higher plasma ACTH. There is no significant difference in the cure rate or HPAA recovery time after TSS between males and females.
A lateral ridge augmentation study to evaluate a synthetic membrane for guided bone regeneration: an experiment in the canine mandible
Authors: Vierra Matthew , Mau Lian Ping , Huynh‐Ba Guy , Schoolfield John , Cochran David L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate guided bone regeneration outcomes in defects protected with anin situformed polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel membrane as compared to a non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (CM).Material and methodsFour mandibular alveolar ridge defects were created in eight hound dogs. Regenerative procedures were randomly allocated to one of four groups consisting of freeze‐dried bone allograft, which is referred to in this study as freeze‐dried bone xenograft (FDBX) + PEG, autogenous bone (AB) + PEG, AB + CM, and AB alone. After 8 weeks, titanium dental implants were placed into augmented sites. After 8 weeks of allowed time for osseointegration, the animals were sacrificed to harvest block specimens for bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and ridge width histomorphometric analysis.ResultsPolyethylene glycol membranes had an exposure rate of 50% as compared to 12.5% for sites grafted with CM. Regenerative outcomes with respect to implant placement were least favorable for FDBX + PEG which had implants placed in 37.5% of augmented sites compared to 100% implant placement for all other groups. No statistically significant differences were noted between groups for ridge width measurements in implant and non‐implant histologic sections (P > 0.05). Buccal BIC (%) values between treatment groups also failed to reach statistical significant difference (FDBX + PEG [60.2 ± 9.4]; AB + PEG [58.8 ± 8.5]; AB + CM [57.9 ± 12.8]; AB [61.0 ± 10.2]).ConclusionWhen used in conjunction with FDBX, PEG had unpredictable bone formation and in most cases negatively impacted future implant placement.
Sea Snake Harvest in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: VAN CAO NGUYEN , THIEN TAO NGUYEN , MOORE AMELIA , MONTOYA ALFRED , REDSTED RASMUSSEN ARNE , BROAD KENNETH , VORIS HAROLD K. , TAKACS ZOLTAN 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConservation of sea snakes is virtually nonexistent in Asia, and its role in human–snake interactions in terms of catch, trade, and snakebites as an occupational hazard is mostly unexplored. We collected data on sea snake landings from the Gulf of Thailand, a hotspot for sea snake harvest by squid fishers operating out of the ports of Song Doc and Khanh Hoi, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam. The data were collected during documentation of the steps of the trading process and through interviewers with participants in the trade. Squid vessels return to ports once per lunar synodic cycle and fishers sell snakes to merchants who sort, package, and ship the snakes to various destinations in Vietnam and China for human consumption and as a source of traditional remedies. Annually, 82 t, roughly equal to 225,500 individuals, of live sea snakes are brought to ports. To our knowledge, this rate of harvest constitutes one of the largest venomous snake and marine reptile harvest activities in the world today. Lapemis curtus and Hydrophis cyanocinctus constituted about 85% of the snake biomass, and Acalyptophis peronii, Aipysurus eydouxii, Hydrophis atriceps, H. belcheri, H. lamberti, and H. ornatus made up the remainder. Our results establish a quantitative baseline for characteristics of catch, trade, and uses of sea snakes. Other key observations include the timing of the trade to the lunar cycle, a decline of sea snakes harvested over the study period (approximately 30% decline in mass over 4 years), and the treatment of sea snake bites with rhinoceros horn. Emerging markets in Southeast Asia drive the harvest of venomous sea snakes in the Gulf of Thailand and sea snake bites present a potentially lethal occupational hazard. We call for implementation of monitoring programs to further address the conservation implications of this large‐scale marine reptile exploitation.Cosecha de Serpientes Marinas en el Golfo de Tailandia
Occupational skin diseases in hairdressing apprentices – has anything changed?
Authors: Hougaard Majken G. , Winther Lone , Søsted Heidi , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundHairdressers are at risk for occupational skin diseases. Since 2008, an educational programme has been conducted in Danish hairdressing schools to prevent occupational skin diseases. Its effect is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the current frequency of self‐reported hand eczema and contact urticaria in Danish hairdressing apprentices as compared with controls, and to determine the occurrence of hand eczema and contact urticaria in hairdressing apprentices with different durations of exposure to the trade.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, web‐based questionnaire study conducted among 504 hairdressing apprentices and a control group of 1400 adolescents from the general population.ResultsHand eczema was significantly more prevalent in the hairdressing apprentices than in controls (34.5% versus 18.8%, p < 0.001). The incidence rate of hand eczema among hairdressing apprentices was 98 cases/1000 person‐years. Contact urticaria was also more prevalent in the hairdressing apprentices (7.3% versus 4.2%, p = 0.006). Both diseases increased with increasing duration of exposure to the trade.ConclusionDespite educational efforts to prevent occupational skin diseases in the hairdressing schools, Danish apprentices are still at increased risk for hand eczema and contact urticaria. Both diseases develop after only a few years of work in hairdressing. Further preventive strategies are warranted.