bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Battista Rasario and the 1562–1563 Edition of Galen. Research, Exchanges and Forgeries
Authors: Savino Christina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGiovanni Battista Rasario was a well-known physician and translator of Greek classical texts of the Renaissance. In 1562–1563, he edited Galen's Opera omnia, printed by Valgrisi in Venice. This edition is remarkable because of the order of Galen's works, its new translations and also its forgeries. As the preface indicates, other scholars and physicians collaborated with him on this edition. This essay investigates the philological and historical issues of Rasario's edition through an analysis of its preface as well as the dedication letter. Both are rich sources of information on the work accomplished by Rasario, and also bring to light the hitherto unknown relationship between him and his collaborators.
Mission and the Ephesian Moment of World Christianity: Pilgrimages of Pain and Hope and the Economics of Eating Together
Authors: Katongole Emmanuel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The historic 1910 Edinburgh missionary conference was a watershed moment for world Christianity as it established a framework for international cooperation in the task of bringing the whole gospel to the whole world.’ That goal has more or less been realized. In fact, with the shift of Christianity’s center of gravity from its traditional heartlands in Europe and the US to the “Global South” of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the focus of mission must also shift from a preoccupation with ‘transmission’ so as to engage the wider issues of the teleology of missio Dei. Using Andrew Walls’ depiction of the Ephesian Moment, the author explores mission as God’s activity of bringing together diverse social fragments (as bricks of a single building or as parts of the same body) so as to realize what Paul describes as the ‘very height of Christ’s full stature.” In describing the Pilgrimage of Pain and Hope and a visit to an organic farm in Uganda, the author offers “pilgrimage” as an example of mission practice, which reflects and advances this telos. The act of eating together, which pilgrimage fosters, is not only the expression and the test of the Ephesian moment it is the context within which the most pressing theological, pastoral and ecclesiological issues of world Christianity are illumined and engaged.
How Higher Education in the U.S. Can Inform Missions’ Diversification Efforts
Authors: Starcher Richard L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMany largely homogenous, North American mission organizations claim they are interested in attracting a more diverse membership. Some have even taken steps toward diversity. However, few have a clear, proven, diversification strategy in mind. This article borrows heavily from the diversity literature on higher education in the United States to uncover effective principles that can inform mission organizations’ diversification efforts. The intended audience is primarily North American mission organizations seeking to diversify their membership. Nevertheless, the principles outlined are potentially transferable to mission organizations in other contexts. The article proposes the following transferable diversification strategy: 1)Revisit organization purposes. 2) Assess organizational readiness. 3) Establish a responsibility structure that sets diversity goals, develops and implements a relational strategy, and manages the resultant diversity. 4)Exercise patient persistence.
The Embalming Art in the Modern Age: The Mummies of Caroline, Letizia and Joachim-Napoleon Agar as Examples of Funerary Rites in the Napoleonic Empire
Authors: Marinozzi Silvia 
Published: November 2012

In the early 1980s a systematic investigation was begun by G. Fornaciari and his staff of a series of mummies from central and southern Italy, and in particular of important Renaissance remains. The study of a substantial number of artificial mummies has shed light on the human embalming techniques connected with the methods and procedures described by medical and non-medical authors in the early modern period. This has made it possible to reconstruct the history of the art of mummification, from the ‘clyster’ techniques to the partial or total evisceration of the corpse, to the intravascular injection of drying and preserving liquors.
In addition to the bodies of Aragonese princes and members of the Neapolitan nobility, interred in the Basilica of San Domenico in Naples are the remains of important French personages dating to the modern age. Among the tombs arranged in two parallel rows to the right of the balcony are four sarcophagi containing the bodies of the wife and three children of Jean Antoine Michel Agar, who served as the Minister of Finance of the Kingdom of Naples from 1809 to 1815. The type of wrapping used for the corpses of the children presents strong analogies to those of ancient Egyptian mummies.
‘Not in My Backyard’: The Local Planning Process in Australia and its Impact on Minority Places of Worship
Authors: Villaroman Noel G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article analyses the engagement of minority religious groups with the local planning process in Australia as they try to build places of worship. Such groups oftentimes encounter opposition from local residents who are reluctant to share the public sphere with the newly arrived and less known ‘other.’ The public sphere has become a contested terrain between those who desire to preserve the status quo of the built environment and those who desire to affirm their collective identity through new religious structures. The Australian state, acting through local councils, finds itself in the middle of this contest and is tasked to resolve it. This article offers illustrative snapshots of how Australia promotes, respects and protects religious freedom, particularly its aspect concerning the ability of minority religious groups to build their own places of worship. Through case studies, this article assesses, albeit with respect to such cases only, how religious freedom is being concretised in the ‘religious’ physical landscape of Australia—that is its temples, mosques, churches, gurdwaras, mandirs and other minority places of worship.
Opening the Windows on Diplomacy: A Comparison of the Domestic Dimension of Public Diplomacy in Canada and Australia
Authors: Huijgh Ellen , Byrne Caitlin 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Public diplomacy’s scholarship and practice are evolving and seeking to adapt to the expanding interests, expectations, connectivity and mobility of the publics that have come to define the field in an organic fashion. The characteristic distinction between international and domestic publics as the key to defining the practice of public diplomacy is increasingly challenged by public audiences that are no longer constrained by such traditional delineations. The attention on the involvement of domestic publics in public diplomacy, or its domestic dimension, has to be understood within this context. This article aims to cast further light on public diplomacy’s domestic dimension, with Canada and Australia — two countries that have much in common — as the launch pads for discussion. The article’s first section investigates the approach and development of public diplomacy’s domestic dimension in both countries and draws out the similarities and differences. The second section identifies the opportunities, challenges and tendencies in its practice as well as the conceptual implications. The article finds that while differences in approach remain, Canada and Australia have more in common than not when it comes to involving domestic audiences in international policy, especially in recent years. Their practice of public diplomacy’s domestic dimension appears to be resilient and adaptive in nature, although it has been subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in the political climate, leadership styles and governmental preferences, and resource availability. Additionally, reconceptualizing public diplomacy with a domestic dimension and constructivist underpinnings opens the window on norms that are taken for granted in diplomacy and offers the potential for a more inclusive view and practice — a better fit for its time.
The Story of Job and the Credibility of God
Authors: Anderson Braden P. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This essay examines the Book of Job via a narrative critical lens and demonstrates that contemporary treatments of the text portraying Job’s suffering as the central concern and the theophany as either insensitive or irrelevant to Job’s plight neglect the narrative elements at play. Rather, read as a story, the main conflict of the book concerns whether God’s claim regarding Job’s righteousness can be trusted. The main protagonist of the story is God, while the role of the antagonist passes at different points from the Satan to Job’s friends, and finally—but least significantly—to Job himself. The theophany is therefore addressed to each of these parties simultaneously, and primarily back to the Satan. As such, the theophany constitutes not only the climax of the story, but the center of a narrative chiasm wherein challenges resulting from the Satan’s machinations are decisively resolved by God’s self-revelation.
The Applicability of International Humanitarian Law to the Conflict in Libya
Authors: Mačák Kubo , Zamir Noam 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine the applicability of international humanitarian law to the 2011 conflict in Libya in its consecutive phases. We argue that the situation in Libya rose to the level of non-international armed conflict between the government forces and insurgents united by the National Transitional Council by the end of February 2011. The military intervention by a multi-state coalition acting under the Security Council mandate since March 2011 occasioned an international armed conflict between Libya and the intervening States. We consider and reject the arguments in favour of conflict convergence caused by the increased collaboration between the rebels and NATO forces. Similarly, we refute the propositions that the Gaddafi government’s gradual loss of power brought about conflict de-internationalisation. Finally, we conclude that both parallel conflicts in Libya terminated at the end of October 2011. The article aspires to shed light on the controversial issues relating to conflict qualification in general and to serve as a basis for the assessment of the scope of responsibility of the actors in the Libyan conflict in particular.
“The Times They Are A-Changing”: Modern and Non-Modern Dynamics in the Emergence of a Secular Italy
Authors: Maccarini Andrea M. 
Published: November 2012

Many sociologists and historians have foreseen the secularization of Europe and have pointed to the close relation between this religious trend and ongoing modernization. Among them, Hugh McLeod stands out as a prominent author who has refined that thesis, talking of the ‘end of Christendom.’ By this term he means the end of a society that defines itself as Christian, in the aftermath of the religious crisis of the 1960s.
This article uses the religious situation in Italy as a testing ground for that thesis, and argues that the most significant emergent facts for religious change are currently taking place outside the symbolic range of the conservative-progressive distinction. Building on recent empirical research as well as on the insight of such anti-evolutionistic views of the modernization process as Joas’ theory of the creativity of action and Archer’s approach to social morphogenesis, I sketch a new, provisional picture of religious change in Italy. I thus try to capture the mixing strategies and dynamics through which religious actors are making their way out of ‘Christendom’ and towards some new form of a ‘secular,’ yet not de-Christianized, country.
Empire and Solidarity in International Legal Reform
Authors: Webber Jeremy 
Published: November 2012

In the last two decades, aid organizations, led by the World Bank, have advanced legal and political reform as a necessary adjunct of international development assistance. This move has been challenged by critics who argue that institutional reform is inextricably tied to economic liberalization, that it is a form of cultural imperialism, and that it tends to displace domestic struggles for democratic self-determination, replacing them with a uniform model of atomized rights.
This paper does not reject those concerns out of hand, but it does argue that they are often exaggerated and liable to undermine a valuable sense of international solidarity. It seeks to redirect the criticisms, confining and targeting them more carefully. It does so first by examining how the institutional reform agenda works in practice, drawing specifically on the experience of legal reform in Vietnam. From that example, it assesses the possibilities, limitations, and constraints of international institutional reform and provides recommendations on how reform might be pursued so as to reinforce, and not abandon, the values of transparency, consistency, popular participation and government responsiveness that animate, at its best, the institutional reform agenda.
Chinese Sources on the 1903–04 British Military Expedition to Tibet
Authors: Yan Hu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractChinese sources, especially first-hand materials such as archive collections, field-work reports and Amban Youtai?s diary, have been little considered or consulted in the international debate on issues of modern Tibetan history. Although these Chinese sources would make their studies more balanced, Western scholars who do not understand Chinese characters tend to rely English sources only, with very few of them using Tibetan sources as well. However, just as it has become more and more common in academic circles in China for Chinese scholars to use English or other foreign-language sources in their studies of Tibetan history, so also should Western scholars realise how important the Chinese sources are for studies of Tibetan history, for Tibet has been related to China so closely and for such a long time.
A Woman of Books: Miss C.M. Ridding and the Younghusband-Waddell Collection
Authors: Huett Bruce 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDaughter of a Victorian clergyman, Caroline Mary Ridding (1862–1941) was one of the few experts who could catalogue the materials that came to the UK in the wake of the Younghusband Mission. In 1911, after completing her work on the part of the collection received by the Cambridge University Library, she was put forward as the curator of the Oriental department of the library. This proposal was rejected with five favourable and six contrary votes but was nonetheless remarkable and shows how the acquisition of competence in rare and emerging subjects such as Oriental studies could open spaces for women at a time in which they were still largely excluded from academia. It also shows how books could make people and shape lives. Having graduated in classics from Girton College, Cambridge, Ridding became a Sanskritist and eventually taught herself Tibetan. After spending a significant amount of unpaid time poring over esoteric Buddhist documents that few people at the time could read, she eventually became a respected member of the Royal Asiatic Society and the first woman to be employed by the Cambridge University Library. This article explores the relationship between the life of this eccentric woman and oriental books and manuscripts, against the background of the rapidly transforming society of the late British Empire and the new aspirations that women had started to develop towards the turn of the century.
Typology and Areality
Authors: Donohue Mark 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAnalysis of typological features has received much attention in recent years. Despite claims that such analysis replicates the families and subgroups of families that are the product of work using the comparative method, there is strong evidence that the geographic distribution of typological features reflects socio-geographically relevant areas, rather than historically related subgroups. Further, different subsets of data can reveal different kinds of contact events, or at least the effects of different kinds of contact.
The Master of the Master: The Twisted Story of an Imperial Master and His Disciple
Authors: Felek Özgen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The master-disciple relationship requires a mutual recognition and dependency based on mutual passion and devotion, regardless of each member’s social, cultural, political, and ethical background. It is shaped by mystical etiquette as detailed in the Sufi tradition. The relationship between spiritual masters and their disciples has been dealt with at length in many studies, mainly based on the descriptions provided in normative Sufi texts. The present article demonstrates new perspectives in discussing how master-disciple relationships can be more complex than what the Sufi manuals portray. A close reading of the letters from the Ottoman sultan Murād III (r. 982–1003/1574–95) to his spiritual master Şücāʿ Dede provides insight into the struggles of the sultan with the realities of a master-disciple relationship as well as how the dependency is negotiated in real life. By presenting the inner dynamics of such a relationship from a disciple’s perspective, the letters of Murād III vividly exhibit that the master-disciple relationship has not always been as straightforward and pure in actual practice as it is described to be in the theoretical literature.
The Japanese Early-Modern Publishing Market Unveiled: A Survey of Edo-Period Booksellers’ Catalogues
Authors: Moretti Laura 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article explores an under-researched area of the Japanese early-modern (1603-1867) publishing history, by examining the catalogues calledshojaku mokuroku. First, it analyses the publication history, the editorial process and the contents of these catalogues. By doing so, it offers a new definition ofshojaku mokuroku, it reflects upon the growth and the variety which characterize the production of Kyoto publishers/booksellers and proves to what extent these publishers constituted a self-conscious, self-promoting, business-driven unified body. Second, by considering the order that was given to books inshojaku mokuroku, it explores what this order reveals about the publishing market in early-modern Japan and shows revealing differences with widely-held views on Japanese early-modern literature. Third, it investigates how these catalogues were used in the Edo period across the country and reflects upon what the circulation of these catalogues tell us about the circulation of books outside urban centres.
Lower-Stratospheric Radiative Damping and Polar-Night Jet Oscillation Events
Authors: Hitchcock Peter , Shepherd Theodore G. , Taguchi Masakazu , Yoden Shigeo , Noguchi Shunsuke 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The effect of stratospheric radiative damping time scales on stratospheric variability and on stratosphere–troposphere coupling is investigated in a simplified global circulation model by modifying the vertical profile of radiative damping in the stratosphere while holding it fixed in the troposphere. Perpetual-January conditions are imposed, with sinusoidal topography of zonal wavenumber 1 or 2.
The depth and duration of the simulated sudden stratospheric warmings closely track the lower-stratospheric radiative time scales. Simulations with the most realistic profiles of radiative damping exhibit extended time-scale recoveries analogous to polar-night jet oscillation (PJO) events, which are observed to follow sufficiently deep stratospheric warmings. These events are characterized by weak lower-stratospheric winds and enhanced stability near the tropopause, which persist for up to 3 months following the initial warming. They are obtained with both wave-1 and wave-2 topography. Planetary-scale Eliassen–Palm (EP) fluxes entering the vortex are also suppressed, which is in agreement with observed PJO events.
Consistent with previous studies, the tropospheric jets shift equatorward in response to the warmings. The duration of the shift is closely correlated with the period of enhanced stability. The magnitude of the shift in these runs, however, is sensitive only to the zonal wavenumber of the topography. Although the shift is sustained primarily by synoptic-scale eddies, the net effect of the topographic form drag and the planetary-scale fluxes is not negligible; they damp the surface wind response but enhance the vertical shear. The tropospheric response may also reduce the generation of planetary waves, further extending the stratospheric dynamical time scales.
Adaptation of Classical Tidal Harmonic Analysis to Nonstationary Tides, with Application to River Tides
Authors: Matte Pascal , Jay David A. , Zaron Edward D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOne of the most challenging areas in tidal analysis is the study of nonstationary signals with a tidal component, as they confront both current analysis methods and dynamical understanding. A new analysis tool has been developed, NS_TIDE, adapted to the study of nonstationary signals, in this case, river tides. It builds the nonstationary forcing directly into the tidal basis functions. It is implemented by modification of T_TIDE; however, certain concepts, particularly the meaning of a constituent and the Rayleigh criterion, are redefined to account for the smearing effects on the tidal spectral lines by nontidal energy. An error estimation procedure is included that constructs a covariance matrix of the regression coefficients, based on either an uncorrelated or a correlated noise model. The output of NS_TIDE consists of time series of subtidal water levels [mean water level (MWL)] and tidal properties (amplitudes and phases), expressed in terms of external forcing functions. The method was tested using records from a station on the Columbia River, 172 km from the ocean entrance, where the tides are strongly altered by river flow. NS_TIDE hindcast explains 96.4% of the signal variance with a root-mean-square error of 0.165 m obtained from 288 parameters, far better than traditional harmonic analysis (38.5%, 0.604 m, and 127 parameters). While keeping the benefits of harmonic analysis, its advantages compared to existing tidal analysis methods include its capacity to distinguish frequencies within tidal bands without losing resolution in the time domain or data at the endpoints of the time series.