bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased seed survival and seedling emergence in a polyploid plant invader
Authors: Hahn Min A. , Lanz Tabea , Fasel Dominique , Müller‐Schärer Heinz 
Published: August 2013

•Premise of the study:Because seeds have essential functions in the life cycle of plants, even subtle changes in their characteristics may have important demographic consequences. In this study, we examined whether potential changes in seed characteristics as a result of polyploidy or postintroduction evolution may have contributed to the invasion ofCentaurea stoebe(Asteraceae). This plant occurs as diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in its native range in Europe, whereas only tetraploids have been found and become invasive in North America. Specific comparisons among these three “geo‐cytotypes” allow us to explore hypotheses of preadaptation resulting from polyploidy (European diploids vs. European tetraploids) and postintroduction evolution (European tetraploids vs. North American tetraploids).•Methods:Using seeds collected from plants of each geo‐cytotype grown in a common maternal environment, we compared seed mass, morphology (achene and pappus size), dispersal potential (falling velocity, seed roughness), survival, germination, and seedling emergence in a combination of laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments.•Key results:We found increased seed mass in North American tetraploids compared with European tetraploids. Seed morphology and dispersal potential were largely similar in all geo‐cytotypes. Seed survival under field conditions was higher in native and invasive tetraploids compared with diploids. Germination in the laboratory was similar among all geo‐cytotypes, but seedling emergence under field conditions was higher in invasive tetraploids than in the other geo‐cytotypes.•Conclusions:Our findings suggest that a combination of preadaptation due to polyploidy (increased seed survival) and further postintroduction evolution in North American tetraploids (increased seed mass and seedling emergence) may have contributed to their invasion.
Growth habit of the late Paleozoic rhizomorphic tree‐lycopsid family Diaphorodendraceae: Phylogenetic, evolutionary, and paleoecological significance
Authors: DiMichele William A. , Elrick Scott D. , Bateman Richard M. 
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the study: Rhizomorphic lycopsids evolved the tree habit independently of all other land plants. Newly discovered specimens allow radical revision of our understanding of the growth architectures of the extinct Paleozoic sister‐genera Synchysidendron and Diaphorodendron.• Methods: Detailed descriptions of six remarkable adpression specimens from the Pennsylvanian of the USA and three casts from the late Mississippian of Scotland are used to revise and reanalyze a previously published morphological cladistic matrix and to reinterpret their remarkable growth forms.• Key results: Contrary to previous assertions, Synchysidendron resembled Diaphorodendron in having a distinct and relatively complex growth habit that emphasized serially homologous, closely spaced, deciduous lateral branches at the expense of reduced monocarpic crown branches. Lateral branches originated through several strongly anisotomous dichotomies before producing during extended periods large numbers of Achlamydocarpon strobili. The comparatively large diameter of abscission scars remaining on the main trunk and the emergence of branches above the horizontal plane suggest that the lateral branch systems were robust. Lateral branches were borne in two opposite rows on the main trunk and continued upward into an isotomously branched, determinate crown; their striking distichous arrangement caused preferred orientation of fallen trunks on bedding planes.• Conclusions: This discovery identifies the plagiotropic growth habit, dominated by serial lateral branches, as ubiquitous in the Diaphorodendraceae and also as unequivocally primitive within Isoetales s.l., a conclusion supported by both the revised morphological cladistic analysis and relative first appearances of taxa in the fossil record. Previously assumed complete homology between crown branching in Lepidodendraceae and that of all earlier‐divergent genera requires reassessment. Saltational phenotypic transitions via modification of key developmental switches remains the most credible explanation for architectural evolution in the group. The resulting architecture allowed Diaphorodendraceae to co‐dominate disturbed, clastic, equatorial wetlands from the Asbian to the Early Permian.
Shark IgW C Region Diversification through RNA Processing and Isotype Switching
Authors: Zhang Cecilia , Du Pasquier Louis , Hsu Ellen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSharks and skates represent the earliest vertebrates with an adaptive immune system based on lymphocyte Ag receptors generated by V(D)J recombination. Shark B cells express two classical Igs, IgM and IgW, encoded by an early, alternative gene organization consisting of numerous autonomous miniloci, where the individual gene cluster carries a few rearranging gene segments and one C region, μ or ω. We have characterized eight distinct Ig miniloci encoding the nurse shark ω H chain. Each cluster consists of VH, D, and JH segments and six to eight C domain exons. Two interspersed secretory exons, in addition to the 3′-most C exon with tailpiece, provide the gene cluster with the ability to generate at least six secreted isoforms that differ as to polypeptide length and C domain combination. All clusters appear to be functional, as judged by the capability for rearrangement and absence of defects in the deduced amino acid sequence. We previously showed that IgW VDJ can perform isotype switching to μ C regions; in this study, we found that switching also occurs between ω clusters. Thus, C region diversification for any IgW VDJ can take place at the DNA level by switching to other ω or μ C regions, as well as by RNA processing to generate different C isoforms. The wide array of pathogens recognized by Abs requires different disposal pathways, and our findings demonstrate complex and unique pathways for C effector function diversity that evolved independently in cartilaginous fishes.
Neuromyelitis Optica IgG Causes Placental Inflammation and Fetal Death
Authors: Saadoun Samira , Waters Patrick , Leite M. Isabel , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Vincent Angela , Papadopoulos Marios C. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS and affects women of childbearing age. Most patients with NMO have circulating Abs, termed NMO-IgG, against the astrocytic water channel protein aquaporin-4. In the CNS, NMO-IgG causes complement-mediated astrocyte damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myelin loss. In this study, we show that aquaporin-4 is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of human and mouse placenta. Placental aquaporin-4 expression is high during mid-gestation and progressively decreases with advancing pregnancy. Intraperitoneally injected NMO-IgG binds mouse placental aquaporin-4, activates coinjected human complement, and causes inflammatory cell infiltration into the placenta and placental necrosis. There was no damage to maternal organs that express aquaporin-4, including the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, and skeletal muscle. In control experiments, no placentitis was found in mice injected with NMO-IgG without complement, non–NMO-IgG with human complement, or in aquaporin-4 null mice injected with NMO-IgG and human complement. The infiltrating cells were primarily neutrophils with a few scattered eosinophils and macrophages. NMO-IgG and human complement–induced placentitis caused fetal death, but some fetuses were born normal when lower amounts of NMO-IgG and human complement were injected. Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, and aquaporumab, a nonpathogenic IgG that competes with NMO-IgG for aquaporin-4 binding, significantly reduced NMO-IgG and human complement induced placentitis and fetal death. Our data suggest that NMO-IgG can cause miscarriage, thus challenging the concept that NMO affects only the CNS. These findings have implications for the management of NMO during pregnancy.
Le sahabi de Sonde : évolution d’une source sonore
Authors: Fillion Eric 
Published: August 2013

Né des ateliers de design musical offerts à l’Université McGill par Mario Bertoncini, Sonde s’impose rapidement au Canada et à l’étranger. Partant de jeux exploratoires et d’improvisations méditatives, le groupe utilise des techniques électroacoustiques afin d’explorer les potentialités acoustiques de matériaux divers. Il arrive parfois que ces musiciens s’arrêtent sur une source sonore dont les qualités musicales dépassent toute attente. C’est le cas du sahabi, instrument constitué d’un cadre de métal au travers duquel sont tendues des dizaines de cordes métalliques. Deux exemplaires de cette source sonore existent et les membres du groupe les utilisent fréquemment depuis 1976. Pour ces raisons, le sahabi mérite le statut d’instrument de musique. Mais quels sont les enjeux qui accompagnent ce glissement sémantique ? Le présent article répond à cette question en s’appuyant sur un entretien réalisé par l’auteur avec Charles de Mestral, créateur du sahabi et figure importante de la nouvelle musique au Québec.
Composition orientée objet
Authors: Bernier Nicolas 
Published: August 2013

C’est par la lorgnette de sa pratique que l’artiste esquisse une démarche de création sonore ancrée dans le rapport au matériel : du rapport à l’objet sonore, à l’objet matériel, au corps sonore, au corps humain jusqu’à la création d’une nouvelle lutherie. En puisant dans une myriade de références hétérogènes, des liens sont tissés entre musique fixée et musique électroacoustique exécutée en direct et permettent d’envisager un dialogue possible entre des démarches compositionnelles souvent pensées comme radicalement opposées.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Isoindolinones via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerizations
Authors: Foster Robert W. , Tame Christopher J. , Hailes Helen C. , Sheppard Tom D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract(Cyclooctadiene)(pentamethylcyclopentadiene)ruthenium chloride [Cp*RuCl(cod)] has been used to catalyze the regioselective cyclization of amide‐tethered diynes with monosubstituted alkynes to give polysubstituted isoindolinones. Notably, the presence of a trimethylsilyl group on the diyne generally led to complete control over the regioselectivity of the alkyne cyclotrimerization. The cyclization reaction worked well in a sustainable non‐chlorinated solvent and was tolerant of moisture. The optimized conditions were effective with a diverse range of alkynes and diynes. The 7‐silylisoindolinone products could be halogenated, protodesilylated or ring opened to access a range of usefully functionalized products.magnified image
Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Annulation between 3‐(2‐Halobenzyl)pentane‐2,4‐diones and β‐Keto Esters, Malonates and Cyanoacetates
Authors: Sudheendran Kavitha , Malakar Chandi C. , Conrad Jürgen , Beifuss Uwe 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe copper(I)‐catalyzed domino reactions between the easily accessible 3‐(2‐halobenzyl)pentane‐2,4‐diones and β‐keto esters, malonates and cyanoacetates afford trisubstituted naphthoates and naphthonitriles with yields up to 85%.magnified image
Asymmetric Synthesis and Application of Homologous Pyrroline‐2‐alkylboronic Acids: Identification of the B–N Distance for Eliciting Bifunctional Catalysis of an Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Batsanov Andrei S. , Georgiou Irene , Girling P. Ricardo , Pommier Laure , Shen Hong C. , Whiting Andrew 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHomoboroproline has been shown to be an efficient bifunctional catalyst for the aldol reaction of acetone with p‐nitrobenzaldehyde by using in situ Lewis acid tuning of the boronic acid esterification with a diol. Herein, asymmetric syntheses of homologues of this catalyst are developed to compare their catalytic capability and chemical properties with homoboroproline, and to probe the effect that chain‐length separation of the amino and boronate groups has on the intramolecular B–N coordination, as well as other cooperative interactions, to explain their widely differing catalytic properties.
SLC25A22is a novel gene for migrating partial seizures in infancy
Authors: Poduri Annapurna , Heinzen Erin L. , Chitsazzadeh Vida , Lasorsa Francesco Massimo , Elhosary P. Christina , LaCoursiere Christopher M. , Martin Emilie , Yuskaitis Christopher J. , Hill Robert Sean , Atabay Kutay Deniz , Barry Brenda , Partlow Jennifer N. , Bashiri Fahad A. , Zeidan Radwan M. , Elmalik Salah A. , Kabiraj Mohammad M. U. , Kothare Sanjeev , Stödberg Tommy , McTague Amy , Kurian Manju A. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Barkovich A. James , Palmieri Ferdinando , Salih Mustafa A. , Walsh Christopher A. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo identify a genetic cause for migrating partial seizures in infancy (MPSI).MethodsWe characterized a consanguineous pedigree with MPSI and obtained DNA from affected and unaffected family members. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism 500K data to identify regions with evidence of linkage. We performed whole exome sequencing and analyzed homozygous variants in regions of linkage to identify a candidate gene and performed functional studies of the candidate geneSLC25A22.ResultsIn a consanguineous pedigree with 2 individuals with MPSI, we identified 2 regions of linkage, chromosome 4p16.1‐p16.3 and chromosome 11p15.4‐pter. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified 8 novel homozygous variants in genes in these regions. Only 1 variant,SLC25A22c.G328C, results in a change of a highly conserved amino acid (p.G110R) and was not present in control samples.SLC25A22encodes a glutamate transporter with strong expression in the developing brain. We show that the specific G110R mutation, located in a transmembrane domain of the protein, disrupts mitochondrial glutamate transport.InterpretationWe have shown that MPSI can be inherited and have identified a novel homozygous mutation inSLC25A22in the affected individuals. Our data strongly suggest thatSLC25A22is responsible for MPSI, a severe condition with few known etiologies. We have demonstrated that a combination of linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing can be used for disease gene discovery. Finally, asSLC25A22had been implicated in the distinct syndrome of neonatal epilepsy with suppression bursts on electroencephalogram, we have expanded the phenotypic spectrum associated withSLC25A22. Ann Neurol 2013;74:873–882
Long‐range‐ordered, hexagonally packed nanoporous membranes from degradable‐block‐containing diblock copolymer film templates
Authors: Lei Lei , Xia Yuzheng , Chen Xiaonong , Shi Shuxian 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPolystyrene (PS)‐b‐polylactide (PLA) diblock copolymers with different molecular weights and fractions were synthesized through a combination of living anionic polymerization and controlled ring‐opening polymerization. Then, the PS–PLA films were guided to phase‐separate by self‐assembly into different morphologies through casting solvent selection, solvent evaporation, and thermal and solvent‐field regulation. Finally, perpendicularly oriented PS–PLA films were used as precursors for PS membranes with an ordered periodic nanoporous structure; this was achieved by the selective etching of the segregated PLA domains dispersed in a continuous matrix of PS. Testing techniques, including IR, 1H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were used to determine the chemical structure of the PS–PLA copolymer and its film morphology. AFM images of the self‐assembled PS‐PLA films indicate that vertical tapers of the PLA domains were generated among PS continuum when either toluene or tetrahydrofuran was used as the annealing solvent. The SEM images certified that the chemical etching of the PLA component from the self‐assembled PS–PLA films led to a long‐range‐ordered array of hexagonally packed nanoporous membranes with a diameter about 500 nm and a center‐to‐center distance of 1700 nm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39638.
Food compatibility and degradation properties of pro‐oxidant‐loaded LLDPE film
Authors: Harini S. T. , Padmavathi S. , Satish A. , Raj Baldev 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTo avoid environmental hazards, packaging industries are aiming to produce biodegradable films for food contact safety and its degradation. LLDPE film containing 1% pro‐oxidant additive was studied for food compatibility in different simulants, at room temperature conditions as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), code of federal regulations (CFR), food and drug administration USA (USFDA), and European Economic Commission directives (EEC) specifications. Overall migration values were well within the specified limits for food contact applications at room temperature filling and storing. The pro‐oxidant loaded LLDPE film was also studied for its degradation behavior with the changes in physical and mechanical properties along with thermal behavior, morphology and infrared spectroscopy. The molecular oxidations of pro‐oxidant‐loaded LLDPE films are severed which increases hydrophilicity. Evidently, the oxidation renders the material much more vulnerable to microbial attack. The combined effect of both photo and bio degradation is most effective for complete degradation of film. The results obtained from these studies revealed that the fine balance (1%) of pro‐oxidant contents in the film guarantees food contact safety and its degradation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39756.
Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Graphene Oxides and Reduced Graphene Oxides
Authors: Sun Yubing , Yang Shubin , Zhao Guixia , Wang Qi , Wang Xiangke 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGraphene has attracted increasing attention in multidisciplinary studies because of its unique physical and chemical properties. Herein, the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene (NAP), anthracene (ANT), and pyrene (PYR), on reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) and graphene oxides (GOs) as a function of pH, humic acid (HA), and temperature were elucidated by means of a batch technique. For comparison, nonpolar and nonporous graphite were also employed in this study. The increasing of pH from 2 to 11 did not influence the adsorption of PAHs on rGOs, whereas the suppressed adsorption of NAP on rGOs was observed both in the presence of HA and under high‐temperature conditions. Adsorption isotherms of PAHs on rGOs were in accordance with the Polanyi–Dubinin–Ashtahhov (PDA) model, providing evidence that pore filling and flat surface adsorption were involved. The saturated adsorbed capacities (in mmol g−1) of rGOs for PAHs calculated from the PDA model significantly decreased in the order of NAP>PYR>ANT, which was comparable to the results of theoretical calculations. The pore‐filling mechanism dominates the adsorption of NAP on rGOs, but the adsorption mechanisms of ANT and PYR on rGOs are flat surface adsorption.
A Photoelectrochemical Investigation on the Synergetic Effect between CdS and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Solar‐Energy Conversion
Authors: Xie Guancai , Zhang Kai , Fang Hui , Guo Beidou , Wang Ruzhi , Yan Hui , Fang Liang , Gong Jian Ru 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCdS modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been widely demonstrated to be effective in the field of solar‐energy conversion. However, the inherent mechanism of this superior property is still not thoroughly understood. Thus the photoelectrochemical method was employed to systemically investigate the synergetic effect between CdS and RGO. The result shows that the photoelectrochemical properties of RGO/CdS samples are sensitive to the relative ratio of RGO to CdS, and the photoelectrode with 1.0 wt % ratio of RGO possesses the best photoelectrochemical performance. Further investigation demonstrates that the synergetic effect between CdS and RGO directly influences the charge‐transport property and band‐structure of the composite, which is also supported by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and first‐principle simulation, respectively.
Analyzing the effect of biofuel expansion on land use in major producing countries: evidence of increased multiple cropping
Authors: Langeveld Johannes W.A. , Dixon John , van Keulen Herman , Quist‐Wessel P.M. Foluke 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEstimates on impacts of biofuel production often use models with limited ability to incorporate changes in land use, notably cropping intensity. This review studies biofuel expansion between 2000 and 2010 in Brazil, the USA, Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Mozambique, South Africa plus 27 EU member states. In 2010, these countries produced 86 billion litres of ethanol and 15 billion litres of biodiesel. Land use increased by 25 Mha, of which 11 Mha is associated with co‐products, i.e. by‐products of biofuel production processes used as animal feed. In the decade up to 2010, agricultural land decreased by 9 Mha overall. It expanded by 22 Mha in Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Mozambique, some 31 Mha was lost in the USA, the EU, and South Africa due to urbanization, expansion of infrastructure, conversion into nature, and land abandonment. Increases in cropping intensity accounted for 42 Mha of additional harvested area. Together with increased co‐product availability for animal feed, this was sufficient to increase the net harvested area (NHA, crop area harvested for food, feed, and fiber markets) in the study countries by 19 Mha. Thus, despite substantial expansion of biofuel production, more land has become available for non‐fuel applications. Biofuel crop areas and NHA increased in most countries including the USA and Brazil. It is concluded that biofuel expansion in 2000–2010 is not associated with a decline in the NHA available for food crop production. The increases in multiple cropping have often been overlooked and should be considered more fully in calculations of (indirect) land‐use change (iLUC). © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Substituent effects on the decomposition of chemiluminescent tricyclic aromatic dioxetanes
Authors: Sun Chung‐Wen , Chen Shun‐Chi , Fang Tai‐Shan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThree tricyclic 1,2‐dioxetane derivatives, 1a, 2a and 3a were synthesized from their corresponding 1,4‐dioxin acenaphthylene compounds, 1, 2 and 3, by reaction with singlet‐oxygen (1O2) in dichloromethane. Evidence for the formation of the dioxetanes 1a, 2a and 3a is provided by the chemiluminescence (CL) that corresponds to the emission from the electronically excited diesters 1b*, 2b* and 3b*, which are decomposed thermally from the dioxetanes 1a, 2a and 3a, respectively. The highly strained 1,2‐dioxetane ring decomposes from a twisted geometry by simultaneous cleavages of the O–O and C–C bonds, producing the electronically excited diester that emits CL. It was observed that the CL from compound 2a is red‐shifted relative to that of compounds 1a and 3a suggesting a higher degree of stabilization for the excited state by the electron‐donating methoxy group. Also, a study of the solvent effect on fluorescence shows a significant red‐shift in compound 2b, indicating a more polar excited state. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the 1,2‐dioxetanes clearly demonstrate that the CL characteristics of compound 2a are quite different from those of compounds, 1a and 3a. These results are consistent with the proposed intramolecular chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) mechanism which is triggered by the electron‐donating group of compound 2a. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.