bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN-γ–Producing Effector CD8 T Lymphocytes Cause Immune Glomerular Injury by Recognizing Antigen Presented as Immune Complex on Target Tissue
Authors: Tsumiyama Ken , Hashiramoto Akira , Takimoto Mai , Tsuji-Kawahara Sachiyo , Miyazawa Masaaki , Shiozawa Shunichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigated the role of effector CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis of immune glomerular injury. BALB/c mice are not prone to autoimmune disease, but after 12 immunizations with OVA they developed a variety of autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis accompanied by immune complex (IC) deposition. In these mice, IFN-γ–producing effector CD8 T cells were significantly increased concomitantly with glomerulonephritis. In contrast, after 12 immunizations with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, although autoantibodies appeared, IFN-γ–producing effector CD8 T cells did not develop, and glomerular injury was not induced. In β2-microglobulin–deficient mice lacking CD8 T cells, glomerular injury was not induced after 12 immunizations with OVA, despite massive deposition of IC in the glomeruli. In mice containing a targeted disruption of the exon encoding the membrane-spanning region of the Ig μ-chain (μMT mice), 12 immunizations with OVA induced IFN-γ–producing effector CD8 T cells but not IC deposition or glomerular injury. When CD8 T cells from mice immunized 12 times with OVA were transferred into naive recipients, glomerular injury could be induced, but only when a single injection of OVA was also given simultaneously. Importantly, injection of OVA could be replaced by one injection of the sera from mice that had been fully immunized with OVA. This indicates that deposition of IC is required for effector CD8 T cells to cause immune tissue injury. Thus, in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerular injury is caused by effector CD8 T cells that recognize Ag presented as IC on the target renal tissue.
Reflections on a Sofa Bed: Functional Beauty and Looking Fit
Authors: De Clercq Rafael 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This essay argues for two conclusions about functional beauty as the notion has been understood by Glenn Parsons and Allen Carlson in a recent book by the same name. First of all, it is argued that functional beauty either is not a distinct kind of beauty or that the members of this kind are not all and only instances of the property of looking fit. Second, it is argued that functional beauty is relative only to categories corresponding to essential functions. The second conclusion contradicts what Parsons and Carlson write about functional beauty, but the first conclusion does not, since they agree that looking fit is not necessary for functional beauty. However, their agreement on this point is based on reasons that can be shown to be mistaken. Moreover, contrary to what Parsons and Carlson claim, looking fit can also be shown to be insufficient for functional beauty.
Severe Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Children: A Stepwise Approach for Escalating Therapy in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Nievas I. Federico Fernandez , Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVESAn increasing prevalence of pediatric asthma has led to increasing burdens of critical illness in children with severe acute asthma exacerbations, often leading to respiratory distress, progressive hypoxia, and respiratory failure. We review the definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of severe acute asthma, with a view to developing an evidence-based, stepwise approach for escalating therapy in these patients.METHODSSubject headings related to asthma, status asthmaticus, critical asthma, and drug therapy were used in a MEDLINE search (1980–2012), supplemented by a manual search of personal files, references cited in the reviewed articles, and treatment algorithms developed within Le Bonheur Children's Hospital.RESULTSPatients with asthma require continuous monitoring of their cardiorespiratory status via noninvasive or invasive devices, with serial clinical examinations, objective scoring of asthma severity (using an objective pediatric asthma score), and appropriate diagnostic tests. All patients are treated with β-agonists, ipratropium, and steroids (intravenous preferable over oral preparations). Patients with worsening clinical status should be progressively treated with continuous β-agonists, intravenous magnesium, helium-oxygen mixtures, intravenous terbutaline and/or aminophylline, coupled with high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation to limit the work of breathing, hypoxemia, and possibly hypercarbia. Sedation with low-dose ketamine (with or without benzodiazepines) infusions may allow better toleration of non-invasive ventilation and may also prepare the patient for tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, if indicated by a worsening clinical status.CONCLUSIONSSevere asthma can be a devastating illness in children, but most patients can be managed by using serial objective assessments and the stepwise clinical approach outlined herein. Following multidisciplinary education and training, this approach was successfully implemented in a tertiary-care, metropolitan children's hospital.
Landmark Frames of Reference in Interactive Route Description Tasks
Authors: Roger Morgane , Knutsen Dominique , Bonnardel Nathalie , Le Bigot Ludovic 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe current study investigated the use of frames of reference in an asymmetrical spatial dialogue task. Participants navigated through a real environment by following instructions provided by other participants guiding them over the phone. The dialogues were transcribed and analysed to locate the introduction of landmarks. We examined which frames of reference were used to introduce these landmarks and how far their use was determined by each participant's role within the dyads (i.e. guide vs. guided person). Results revealed that both partners contributed to the dialogue by introducing landmarks. However, the guides introduced more landmarks than the guided persons and were also more likely to use perspective taking when doing so. These results are discussed in the light of perspective taking and collaboration in dialogue. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2013 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment
Authors: Hallek Michael 
Published: May 2013

Disease Overview: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in western countries. The disease typically occurs in elderly patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that impair apoptosis of clonal B‐cells.Diagnosis: The diagnosis is established by blood counts, blood smears, and immunophenotyping of circulating B‐lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B‐cell population carrying the CD5 antigen as well as B‐cell markers.Prognosis: Two prognostic staging systems exist, the Rai and Binet staging systems, which are established by physical examination and blood counts. Various biological and genetic markers also have prognostic value. Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 (del(17p)) predict resistance to most available therapies.Therapy: Patients with active or symptomatic disease or with advanced Binet or Rai stages require therapy. For physical fit patients, chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab represents the current standard therapy. For unfit patients, treatment with an anti‐CD20 antibody plus a milder chemotherapy (chlorambucil) is currently established as standard treatment. At relapse, the initial treatment may be repeated, if the treatment‐free interval exceeds two years. If the disease relapses earlier, alternative therapies such as bendamustine alone or with rituximab, alemtuzumab, lenalidomide, or ofatumumab should be used. Patients with a del(17p) or TP53 should be considered for an allogeneic SCT.Future Challenges: Several new agents (e.g., ibrutinib, obinutuzumab) hold the potential to change standard of CLL treatment in the next 6–12 months. Therefore, CLL patients should be included into current clinical trials whenever possible. Am. J. Hematol. 88:803–816, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trafficking‐deficient mutant GABRG2 subunit amount may modify epilepsy phenotype
Authors: Kang Jing‐Qiong , Shen Wangzhen , Macdonald Robert L. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveGenetic epilepsies and many other human genetic diseases display phenotypic heterogeneity, often for unknown reasons. Disease severity associated with nonsense mutations is dependent partially on mutation gene location and resulting efficiency of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) to eliminate potentially toxic proteins. Nonsense mutations in the last exon do not activate NMD, thus producing truncated proteins. We compared the protein metabolism and the impact on channel biogenesis, function, and cellular homeostasis of truncated γ2 subunits produced by GABRG2 nonsense mutations associated with epilepsy of different severities and by a nonsense mutation in the last exon unassociated with epilepsy.Methodsγ‐Aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunits were coexpressed in non‐neuronal cells and neurons. NMD was studied using minigenes that support NMD. Protein degradation rates were determined using 35S radiolabeling pulse chase. Channel function was determined by whole cell recordings, and subunits trafficking and cellular toxicity were determined using flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsAlthough all GABRG2 nonsense mutations resulted in loss of γ2 subunit surface expression, the truncated subunits had different degradation rates and stabilities, suppression of wild‐type subunit biogenesis and function, amounts of conjugation with polyubiquitin, and endoplasmic reticulum stress levels.InterpretationWe compared molecular phenotypes of GABRG2 nonsense mutations. The findings suggest that despite the common loss of mutant allele function, each mutation produced different intracellular levels of trafficking‐deficient subunits. The concentration‐dependent suppression of wild‐type channel function and cellular disturbance resulting from differences in mutant subunit metabolism may contribute to associated epilepsy severities and by implication to phenotypic heterogeneity in many inherited human diseases. Ann Neurol 2013;74:547–559
Reinforcing and Reducing: Dialogue between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
Authors: Zhang Peichao , Chi Xinli 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe adaptation of forms of psychotherapy from the West in China such as psychoanalytic psychotherapy should include the rich cross‐fertilization with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This article suggests the category of Reinforcing and Reducing as a point of convergence where Reinforcing/Reducing is seen as like Supportive/Expressive approaches in psychotherapy. A tentative integrative Paradigm called “Talking Acupuncture” will be discussed.
The limits to complexity: A thermodynamic history of bioenergy
Authors: Liska Adam J. , Heier Casey D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe history of civilization is biased toward the use of bioenergy because of the biophysics of life and the structure of our natural environment. Energy physically drives the creation and maintenance of complex systems, which is shown here from simple molecular structures to empires. Only a fraction of the complexity currently supported by fossil fuels can be maintained using the energy in plant biomass alone, which is limited by global net primary productivity. From the dawn of civilization, agricultural land has always been used for energy for transportation, via feed for animals, and there has always been a trade‐off between ‘food, fuel, and environment’. The United States (USA), Germany, and Brazil now use roughly 12% of agricultural land for biofuels, but energy efficiency improvements by 2050 could require only 11% ofUSagricultural land or 15% of forest land for biofuels to support all modes ofUStransportation. Despite its limitations, bioenergy has been extensively used for thousands of years and probability theory suggests it will continue to be a critical energy resource. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Optimal multiband joint detection in cognitive radio networks with the Taguchi method
Authors: Ma Yingying , Liu Derong 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper studies multiband joint detection in cognitive radio networks with the Taguchi method. At the fusion center, linear fusion rule is adopted to collect the observations from distributed secondary users. We aim to achieve maximum aggregate throughput with limited aggregate interference. The problem is challenging due to its nonconvexity and high computational complexity to find the global optimum. Existing works attempt to convert the problem into convex optimization problem. In this paper, the Taguchi method is employed to estimate the gradient of the aggregate throughput, determine the optimal thresholds of the energy detectors and combination weights of the linear fusion rule regardless of convexity. To optimize thresholds and linear weights simultaneously, we employ newly defined variables to represent the changing ranges of detector thresholds when we search for optimal linear weights. In addition, the sensing duration is another factor to be optimized in the Taguchi method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient and applicable for all classes of cognitive radio without considering convexity. The optimization performance is considerably improved. Moreover, the Taguchi method is insensitive to parameter initialization, which provides a relatively robust output. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 absorption by piperazine promoted aqueous ammonia solution: absorption kinetics and ammonia loss
Authors: Li Lichun , Han Wenfeng , Yu Hai , Tang Haodong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAqueous ammonia (NH3) solution has been proposed as a promising absorbent for post‐combustion capture of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, when aqueous NH3 is used alone, the capture process suffers from a low CO2 absorption rate and high NH3 loss. In this study, we measured CO2 mass transfer coefficients and NH3 loss rate in a wetted wall column study of CO2 absorption in piperazine (PZ) promoted aqueous NH3 solution, at NH3 concentrations of 0.59–4.12 mol/L (M), CO2 loadings (molar ratio of CO2/NH3) of 0 to 0.5, temperatures of 283.15–298.15 K. The second‐order rate constants for the reactions of CO2 with PZ and NH3, which are determined based on the kinetic results from the wetted wall column, agree reasonably well with published values. Addition of PZ to aqueous NH3 can significantly increase mass transfer coefficients of CO2 in aqueous NH3, but at the expenses of an increase in NH3 loss. The enhancement by addition of PZ is due to the fast reaction of CO2 with PZ and PZ carbamate. However, addition of PZ to aqueous NH3 increases the concentration of free NH3 in the solvent, thereby increasing NH3 loss.
Psychiatric co‐morbidities in patients with chronic peripheral neuropathic pain: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Radat F. , Margot‐Duclot A. , Attal N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric co‐morbidities are common in patients with chronic pain, but no data are available about their prevalence in patients with neuropathic pain.MethodsA multicentre study involving neurology practices (n = 30) and pain departments (n = 8) was conducted to assess the prevalence of lifetime and current anxiety and mood disorders on the basis of DSM‐IV criteria in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. Factors independently associated with such co‐morbidity were also studied. A total of 182 consecutive patients (age 59.5 ± 13.8 years, 48% men) were recruited. Assessments included lifetime and current anxiety and mood disorders (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), sleep (Medical Outcome Study sleep scale), pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory) and catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale).ResultsLifetime and current prevalence of psychiatric co‐morbidity were 39% and 20.3%, respectively, for any anxiety disorder, and 47.2% and 29.7%, respectively, for any mood disorder. The two most common psychiatric disorders were generalized anxiety (current prevalence 12.1%) and major depressive episode (current prevalence: 16.5%). Logistic regression analyses showed that high catastrophizing was the most significant variable independently associated with both current anxiety (OR = 4.21[1.4–12.7]; p = 0.04) and mood disorders (OR = 6.9[2.2–21]; p < 0.001).ConclusionsLifetime and current anxiety and mood disorders are highly prevalent in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain, and are associated with high levels of catastrophizing. Early management of catastrophizing may contribute to reducing the risk of psychiatric co‐morbidities in these patients.
Improved adhesion and differentiation of endothelial cells on surface‐attached fibrin structures containing extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Filová Elena , Brynda Eduard , Riedel Tomáš , Chlupáč Jaroslav , Vandrovcová Marta , Švindrych Zdeněk , Lisá Věra , Houska Milan , Pirk Jan , Bačáková Lucie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCurrently used vascular prostheses are hydrophobic and do not allow endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and growth. The aim of this study was to prepare fibrin (Fb)‐based two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) assemblies coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and to evaluate the EC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on these assembliesin vitro. Coating of Fb with collagen, laminin (LM), and fibronectin (FN) was proved using the surface plasmon resonance technique. On all Fb assemblies, ECs reached higher cell densities than on polystyrene after 3 and 7 days of culture. Immunoflurescence staining showed better assembly of talin and vinculin into focal adhesion plaques, and also more apparent staining of vascular endothelial cadherin on surface‐attached 3D Fb and protein‐coated Fb assemblies. On these samples, ECs also contained a lower concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Higher concentrations of CD31 (platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1) were found on 3D Fb coated with LM, and higher concentrations of von Willebrand factor were found on 3D Fb coated with type I collagen or LM in comparison to 2D Fb layers. The results indicate that ECM protein‐coated 2D and 3D Fb assemblies can be used for versatile applications in various tissue replacements where endothelialization is desirable, for example, vascular prostheses and heart valves. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 698–712, 2014.
Minors in ‐ Chromatic Graphs, II
Authors: Kostochka A.V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLet denote the graph obtained from the complete graph by deleting the edges of some ‐subgraph. The author proved earlier that for each fixed s and , every graph with chromatic number has a minor. This confirmed a partial case of the corresponding conjecture by Woodall and Seymour. In this paper, we show that the statement holds already for much smaller t, namely, for .
Nationwide seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in South Korea in 2009 emphasizes the coexistence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs
Authors: Lee Byung Seok , Cho Yong Kyun , Jeong Sook‐Hyang , Lee Joon Hyeok , Lee Don , Park Neung Hwa , Ki Moran ,   Korean Hepatitis Epidemiology Study Group
Published: May 2013

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major cause of chronic liver disease in Korea. This study investigated the seroprevalence of HBV infection with an emphasis on the coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti‐HBs). In all, 290,212 people undergoing health check‐up examinations in 29 institutions during 2009 were recruited. The crude seroprevalences of HBsAg and anti‐HBs was adjusted by age, sex, and geographic area using the 2009 estimated population of Korea. The adjusted seroprevalences of HBsAg and anti‐HBs was 4.0% and 73.5%, respectively. Males showed higher HBsAg positivity and lower anti‐HBs positivity than females (P < 0.001). HBsAg positivity increased with age from 3.5% in people 20–29 years old to 4.8% in people 40–49 years old, followed by a decrease in people ≥50 years old. HBsAg positivity in Southern provinces (4.5%) including Jeju (5.9%), was significantly higher than that in Central provinces (3.6%; P < 0.001). Interestingly, HBsAg and anti‐HBs coexisted in 0.1% of the total subjects and in 2.9% of the HBsAg‐positive group, showing distinct age distribution and higher alanine aminotransferase levels than those of the group positive for only HBsAg. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs in Korea varies significantly by age, sex and geographical location and coexisted in 2.9% of HBsAg‐positive subjects. Continuous monitoring of seroepidemiology may facilitate the eventual eradication of HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 85:1327–1333, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review: Current knowledge on the role of HPV antibodies after natural infection and vaccination: Implications for monitoring an HPV vaccination programme
Authors: Mollers Madelief , Vossen Jeanique M. , Scherpenisse Mirte , van der Klis Fiona R.M. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , de Melker Hester E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn 2006/2007, two vaccines were licensed against two of the most common HPV types that cause about 70% of cervical cancers. Clinical trials show that vaccinated individuals develop high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Although these data suggest that serum antibodies are the mode of action against HPV infection, it is uncertain whether immune responses generated by vaccination are similar to those induced by a natural infection. In this review, the current knowledge of humoral immune responses after natural infection and vaccination is described. Serosurveillance can be used as a monitoring tool to study vaccine uptake, the impact of HPV16/18 vaccination on other HPV types, dynamics of HPV infection and herd‐immunity. In addition, factors that contribute to a higher seroresponse after a natural infection, which are summarized in this article (a persistent DNA infection, increased viral load, immunosuppression and high sexual risk behavior), can help to interpret these indirect effects better. J. Med. Virol. 85:1379–1385, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing the Cultural Competence of Health Professionals Working with Gypsy Travellers
Authors: Francis Gill 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis project explored one of the issues affecting access to health care services by Gypsy Travellers, namely the cultural competence of health professionals. The aim of the project was to support the development of cultural competence in health professionals through an exploration of staff attitudes, knowledge, and understanding of the cultural identity and health needs of Gypsy Travellers.Participants were drawn from community nursing services and members of the Irish Traveller community. The data collated from staff suggested there was limited understanding of Gypsy Traveller culture, health needs, or issues affecting the community, and the perceptions held were informed largely by negative media stereotypes.The benefits of honest, nonjudgmental, open discussion within professional forums about the existence and impact of bias and prejudice on practice were highlighted alongside the need for an improved understanding of the issues faced by Gypsy Travellers to improve access to care by this often excluded and marginalized community.