bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of temperature lapse rates from the northern to the southern slopes of the Himalayas
Authors: Kattel Dambaru Ballab , Yao Tandong , Yang Wei , Gao Yang , Tian Lide 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBased on 20‐year (1985–2004) records of surface‐air‐temperature at 16 stations between the elevations of 3553 m and 4801 m a.s.l. in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (or the northern slopes of the eastern Himalayas), this paper examines the monthly, seasonal and annual characteristics of near‐surface temperature lapse rates (TLRs). A linear regression model was fitted for the lapse rate calculation. The annual cycle of the TLR shows a distinct seasonal pattern, i.e. steepest in winter and shallowest in summer. Results are partially consistent with those from the southern slopes of the central Himalayas, in particular in summer, and correspond to the warm, rainy and humid season. In response to the monsoonal effect, the released latent heat of water vapour condensation causes an increase in air temperature at higher elevations. Therefore, the TLR is shallowest in the summer. The considerable amount of solar radiation at higher elevations also causes a reduction of the TLR in this season. The lowest diurnal range of lapse rates for summer is associated with lower diurnal variability in net radiation due to cloud cover and relative humidity. The steepest TLR occurs in winter in association with intense cooling at higher elevations, corresponding to the continental dry and cold air surges, and considerable snow‐temperature feedback. Lower insolation, deeper snow cover and a weaker inversion effect cause a lower diurnal range of TLR in this season. The observed contrast of winter TLR from the northern to southern slopes of the Himalayas is due to differences in elevation and topography, as well as the pronounced effect of cold air surges.
Modulating tibiofemoral contact force in the sheep hind limb via treadmill walking: Predictions from an opensim musculoskeletal model
Authors: Lerner Zachary F. , Gadomski Benjamin C. , Ipson Allison K. , Haussler Kevin K. , Puttlitz Christian M. , Browning Raymond C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSheep are a predominant animal model used to study a variety of orthopedic conditions. Understanding and controlling the in‐vivo loading environment in the sheep hind limb is often necessary for investigations relating to bone and joint mechanics. The purpose of this study was to develop a musculoskeletal model of an adult sheep hind limb and investigate the effects of treadmill walking speed on muscle and joint contact forces. We constructed the skeletal geometry of the model from computed topography images. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry was utilized to establish the inertial properties of each model segment. Detailed dissection and tendon excursion experiments established the requisite muscle lines of actions. We used OpenSim and experimentally‐collected marker trajectories and ground reaction forces to quantify muscle and joint contact forces during treadmill walking at 0.25 m• s−1 and 0.75 m• s−1. Peak compressive and anterior–posterior tibiofemoral contact forces were 20% (0.38 BW, p = 0.008) and 37% (0.17 BW, p = 0.040) larger, respectively, at the moderate gait speed relative to the slower speed. Medial–lateral tibiofemoral contact forces were not significantly different. Adjusting treadmill speed appears to be a viable method to modulate compressive and anterior–posterior tibiofemoral contact forces in the sheep hind limb. The musculoskeletal model is freely‐available at www.SimTK.org. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1128–1133, 2015.
Metabolomic changes in grains of well‐watered and drought‐stressed transgenic rice
Authors: Nam Kyong‐Hee , Shin Hee Jae , Pack In‐Soon , Park Jung‐Ho , Kim Ho Bang , Kim Chang‐Gi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrought induces a number of physiological and biochemical responses in cereals. This study was designed to examine the metabolite changes in grains of drought‐tolerant transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) that overexpresses AtCYP78A7 encoding cytochrome P450 protein using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTSPrincipal component analysis showed that the 1H‐NMR‐based profile was clearly separated by soil water status of well‐watered and water‐deficit. A discrimination of metabolites between transgenic and non‐transgenic grains appeared under both watering regimes. Variations in the levels of amino acids and sugars led to the discrimination of metabolites among genotypes. In particular, drought significantly enhanced the levels of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA, 244.6%), fructose (155.7%), glucose (211.0%), glycerol (57.2%), glycine (65.8%) and aminoethanol (192.4%) in the transgenic grains compared with the non‐transgenic control grains.CONCLUSIONThese changes in amounts of metabolites may assist in improving drought tolerance in transgenic rice by playing crucial roles in stress‐responsive pathways including GABA biosynthesis, sucrose metabolism and antioxidant defenses. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative study on acid‐soluble and pepsin‐soluble collagens from skin and swim bladder of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Wu Xiaosa , Cai Luyun , Cao Ailing , Wang Yanbo , Li Tingting , Li Jianrong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCollagen has a wide range of applications in food, biomedical and pharmaceutical products.RESULTSThe collagens in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin and swim bladder were extracted using acetic acid and pepsin. Higher yield of pepsin‐soluble collagen (PSC) was obtained from skin (178 g kg−1) than from swim bladder (114 g kg−1). Not surprisingly, yields of PSC from skin and swim bladder were also higher than those of acid‐soluble collagen (ASC) from the same organs (89 and 51 g kg−1). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) profiles showed that ASC and PSC were type I collagens, with PSC containing a higher proportion of α components than ASC. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that ASC and PSC were very similar in their protein secondary structures. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the collagens had a spongy structure, with more pores being obtained in swim bladder than in skin collagens. The collagens showed high solubility in the acidic pH range. However, their solubility decreased in the presence of NaCl at concentrations above 20 g kg−1.CONCLUSIONCollagens were successfully extracted from the skin and swim bladder of grass carp. These fish by‐products could serve as an alternative source of collagens for a wide variety of applications in the food and nutraceutical industries. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Frictional behaviour of imidazolium sulfate ionic liquid additives under mixed slide to roll conditions: part 2 — influence of concentration and chemical composition of ionic liquid additive
Authors: Pejaković V. , Igartua A. , Kalin M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCurrent work presents the investigation of frictional behaviour of ionic liquid lubricant mixtures under mixed slide to roll ratio. On the contrary to the previous study, which focuses on determination of the most suitable ionic liquid additive for identical ionic liquid weight concentration in lubricant mixture, this work had two scopes. The first one was to determine the optimal chemical composition of ionic liquid additive by investigating the lubricant mixtures with identical molar ratio, and the second one, to optimise additive concentration for certain ionic liquid structure.The changes were observed by two means. Namely, in frictional behaviour, ionic liquid concentration plays significant role. On the contrary, for the mixtures with identical molar concentration, the chemical structures with longer alkyl substituent do not always exhibit improvement. Experiments also revealed correlation between ionic liquid structures, concentration and wear. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis of worn surfaces confirmed the above statements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comonomer‐Induced Stereo‐Selectivity Enhancement in a C2‐Symmetric Metallocene‐Catalyzed Propylene Polymerization
Authors: Ma Lin , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: February 2015

Propylene polymerization is carried out with a C
2‐symmetric metallocene catalyst of rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO at 40 °C in the presence of a cyclo‐triene of trans,trans,cis‐1,5,9‐cyclododecatriene ((E,E,Z)‐CDT). Comonomer incorporations are rather low (<0.10 mol%). However, it is shown for the first time that the comonomer causes a noticeable increase in poly­propylene ­isotacticity (>7% in [mmmm]). (E,E,Z)‐CDT is speculated to coordinate to the metal center forming comonomer‐complexed active sites in charge of the entire polymerization reaction with decreased activity however increased propylene ­enantiomorphic selectivity.
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Redox and anti‐oxidant state within cattle oocytes following in vitro maturation with bone morphogenetic protein 15 and follicle stimulating hormone
Authors: Sutton‐McDowall Melanie L. , Purdey Malcolm , Brown Hannah M. , Abell Andrew D. , Mottershead David G. , Cetica Pablo D. , Dalvit Gabriel C. , Goldys Ewa M. , Gilchrist Robert B. , Gardner David K. , Thompson Jeremy G. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYThe developmental competence of cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) can be increased during in vitro oocyte maturation with the addition of exogenous oocyte‐secreted factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), in combination with hormones. FSH and BMP15, for example, induce different metabolic profiles within COCs—namely, FSH increases glycolysis while BMP15 stimulates FAD and NAD(P)H accumulation within oocytes, without changing the redox ratio. The aim of this study was to investigate if this BMP15‐induced NAD(P)H increase was due to de novo NADPH production. Cattle COCs were cultured with FSH and/or recombinant human BMP15, resulting in a significant decrease in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity (P < 0.05). Inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) during this process decreased NAD(P)H intensity threefold in BMP15‐treated oocytes, suggesting that BMP15 stimulates IDH and NADPH production via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As NADPH is a reducing agent, reduced glutathione (GSH), H2O2, and mitochondrial activity were also measured to assess the general redox status of the oocyte. FSH alone decreased GSH levels whereas the combination of BMP15 and FSH sustained higher levels. Expression of genes encoding glutathione‐reducing enzymes were also lower in oocytes cultured in the presence of FSH alone. BMP15 supplementation further promoted mitochondrial localization patterns that are consistent with enhanced developmental competence. Metabolomics revealed significant consumption of glutamine and production of alanine by COCs matured with both FSH and BMP15 compared to the control (P < 0.05). Hence, BMP15 supplementation differentially modulates reductive metabolism and mitochondrial localization within the oocyte. In comparison, FSH‐stimulation alone decreases the oocytes’ ability to regulate cellular stress, and therefore utilizes other mechanisms to improve developmental competence. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 281–294, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On a new family of high‐order iterative methods for the matrix pth root
Authors: Amat S. , Ezquerro J. A. , Hernández‐Verón M. A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe main goal of this paper is to approximate the principal pth root of a matrix by using a family of high‐order iterative methods. We analyse the semi‐local convergence and the speed of convergence of these methods. Concerning stability, it is well known that even the simplified Newton method is unstable. Despite it, we present stable versions of our family of algorithms. We test numerically the methods: we check the numerical robustness and stability by considering matrices that are close to be singular and badly conditioned. We find algorithms of the family with better numerical behavior than the Newton and the Halley methods. These two algorithms are basically the iterative methods proposed in the literature to solve this problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying Zooarchaeological Methods to Interpret Mortuary Behaviour and Taphonomy in Commingled Burials: The Case Study of the Late Neolithic Site of Bolores, Portugal
Authors: Mack J. E. , Waterman A. J. , Racila A‐M. , Artz J. A. , Lillios K. T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe rock‐cut tomb of Bolores in the Portuguese Estremadura dates primarily to the Late Neolithic/Copper Age (2800–2600 BC) and, in a series of recent excavations, has yielded thousands of fragmented, commingled human bone specimens. The primary goals of the present study were to determine the minimum number of individuals interred in the tomb and to analyse spatial patterns in fragmentation intensity to identify natural and anthropogenic taphonomic processes. To investigate these research questions, the authors employed a simplified version of an established method in zooarchaeology to the study of human remains. Human bone specimens were recorded by the presence of osteological landmarks rather than the zones used in similar studies. This recording system allowed for calculation of the minimum number of individuals (further refined through dental analysis) and generated the NISPs (Numbers of Identified Specimens), minimum number of elements, fragment counts and landmarks sums essential to the conjoining and fragmentation studies. Fragmentation analysis led to the identification of four possible use areas in the tomb: two for primary inhumations and two for secondary deposits created by cleaning out the burial chambers at Bolores. We found that the application of multiple zooarchaeological methods to the study of commingled human remains has the potential to provide a more fine‐grained understanding of site biography and taphonomy than human osteological methods alone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Cases with Probable Treponemal Infection from 16th to 19th Centuries Romania
Authors: Radu C. , Andreica L. , Constantinescu M. , Soficaru A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we describe pathological lesions identified in seven skeletons discovered in the Saint Sava necropolis in Bucharest, Romania, dating to the Late Medieval/Early Modern period. The pathological changes observed in the skeletons were analysed using macroscopic examination. Additionally, computed tomography scanning was performed on two individuals displaying advanced lesions on the cranial surface. For the differential diagnosis, we took into consideration treponemal infection, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, leprosy, fluorosis, melorheostosis, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, Paget's disease and mycotic infection, along with the possibility of multiple afflictions occurring simultaneously. The morphology and distribution of the lesions are suggestive of treponematosis, which, to our knowledge, makes this the first case of this disease on the Romanian territory in archaeological populations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paediatric nodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphadenopathy of the neck: a Haemophilus influenzae‐driven immune disorder?
Authors: Kluin Philip M , Langerak Anton W , Beverdam‐Vincent Jannetta , Geurts‐Giele Willemina RR , Visser Lydia , Rutgers Bea , Schuuring Ed , Van Baarlen Joop , Lam King H , Seldenrijk Kees , Kibbelaar Robby E , de Wit Peter , Diepstra Arjan , Rosati Stefano , van Noesel Max M , Zwaan C Michel , Hunting Jarmo CB , Hoogendoorn Mels , van der Gaag Ellen J , van Esser Joost W J , de Bont Eveline , Kluin‐Nelemans Hanneke C , Winter Rik H , Lo ten Foe Jerome R , van der Zanden Adri GM 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMany hyperplasias and lymphomas of marginal zone B‐cells are associated with infection. We identified six children and one adolescent with cervical lymphadenopathy showing prominent polyclonal nodal marginal zone hyperplasia (pNMZH) and four adolescents with monoclonal paediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma (pNMZL). The clonality status was assessed using BIOMED‐2‐IG PCR analysis. Haemophilus influenzae was identified in all six cases of pNMZH that could be tested by direct culture (N = 3) or a very sensitive PCR for the H. influenzae gyrase gene in frozen materials (N = 5). H. influenzae was not detected in three pNMZLs and 28 non‐specific reactive cervical lymph nodes of age‐matched controls, except for a single control node that was obtained during oropharyngeal surgery for a cleft palate showing very low copy numbers of H. influenzae. pNMZH patients were younger than pNMZL patients (median age 12 versus 21 years). pNMZH showed a prominent nodular appearance with variable fibrosis without acute inflammation. Within the nodules, the expanded germinal centres and variably sized marginal zones were colonized by activated B‐cells with weak expression of IgD and lack of CD10 and/or BCL6 expression. Some areas showed skewed light chain expression in plasma cells (4/5 cases lambda). In four cases tested, this was confirmed by flow cytometry for surface Ig (3/4 cases lambda). In contrast, pNMZL showed more extensive expansion of marginal zones by centrocytoid cells and often expression of BCL2 protein. Several H. influenzae strains are known to interact with the constant part of IgD on human B‐cells, leading to their polyclonal proliferation and activation. We speculate that in vivo stimulation of IgD+ marginal zone B‐cells by this bacterium may be implicated in this particular lymphadenopathy that should be distinguished from monoclonal pNMZL. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boron‐doped hydrogenated silicon carbide alloys containing silicon nanocrystallites for highly efficient nanocrystalline silicon thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Ahn Seung Kyu , Park Joo Hyung , Yoo Jinsu , Yoon Kyung Hoon , Kim Donghwan , Cho Jun‐Sik 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBoron‐doped hydrogenated silicon carbide alloys containing silicon nanocrystallites (p‐nc‐SiC:H) were prepared using a plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition system with a mixture of CH4, SiH4, B2H6 and H2 gases. The influence of hydrogen dilution on the material properties of the p‐nc‐SiC:H films was investigated, and their roles as window layers in hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si:H) solar cells were examined. By increasing the RH (H2/SiH4) ratio from 90 to 220, the Si―C bond density in the p‐nc‐SiC:H films increased from 5.20 × 1019 to 7.07 × 1019/cm3, resulting in a significant increase of the bandgap from 2.09 to 2.23 eV in comparison with the bandgap of 1.95 eV for p‐nc‐Si:H films. For the films deposited at a high RH ratio, the Si nanocrystallites with a size of 3–15 nm were formed in the amorphous SiC:H matrix. The Si nanocrystallites played an important role in the enhancement of vertical charge transport in the p‐nc‐SiC:H films, which was verified by conductive atomic force microscopy measurements. When the p‐nc‐SiC:H films deposited at RH = 220 were applied in the nc‐Si:H solar cells, a high conversion efficiency of 8.26% (Voc = 0.53 V, Jsc = 23.98 mA/cm2 and FF = 0.65) was obtained compared to 6.36% (Voc = 0.44 V, Jsc = 21.90 mA/cm2 and FF = 0.66) of the solar cells with reference p‐nc‐Si:H films. Further enhancement in the cell performance was achieved using p‐nc‐SiC:H bilayers consisting of highly doped upper layers and low‐level doped bottom layers, which led to the increased conversion efficiency of 9.03%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A design proto‐pattern for continuously evaluated forecasting in IBM® InfoSphere® Streams
Authors: Oliver Helen , McSharry Patrick 
Published: February 2015

SummaryDesign patterns relieve much of the difficulty of developing software solutions. As sources and volumes of generated data have increased in recent times, stream computing has emerged as a new paradigm for acquiring and harnessing the data's rich potential to provide insight in near real time. One prominent platform for processing streaming data is IBM® InfoSphere® Streams, but design patterns for the platform are relatively scarce. This article proposes a prototypical application design pattern for continuously evaluated forecasting on the IBM InfoSphere Streams platform. Towards demonstrating the prototypical pattern, the application was implemented in three real‐world scenarios: wind power, sentiment analysis, and stock market data. The purpose of this article is to specify the design proto‐pattern and describe its variants in each different implementation. We believe that the proto‐pattern will be applicable in IBM InfoSphere Streams to any data stream where forecasts over multiple forecast horizons are required. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of fetal biparietal diameter with mode of delivery and perinatal outcome
Authors: Bardin R. , Aviram A. , Meizner I. , Ashwal E. , Hiersch L. , Yogev Y. , Hadar E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the association between sonographic assessment of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and pregnancy outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies at 37–42 weeks of gestation which had antepartum sonographic measurement of BPD within 7 days before delivery. Eligibility was limited to singleton pregnancies with neither known structural or chromosomal abnormalities nor prelabor Cesarean delivery (CD). The association of BPD with outcome was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression, receiver–operating characteristics curves and stratification according to BPD quartiles.ResultsIn total, 3229 women were eligible for analysis, of whom 2483 (76.9%) had a spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD), 418 (12.9%) underwent operative vaginal delivery (OVD) and 328 (10.2%) underwent CD. The mean BPD in the obstetric intervention groups (OVD and CD) was significantly higher than that in the SVD group (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, increased BPD was an independent risk factor such that higher values of BPD were associated with progressively higher risk of obstetric intervention (adjusted odds ratio, 1.05 for each 1‐mm increase in BPD (95% CI, 1.02–1.09)), but no clear cut‐off value for obstetric intervention was found. The fourth quartile group (BPD ≥ 97 mm) was associated with a significantly lower SVD rate (P < 0.001) and higher OVD rate (P = 0.04), relative to the first (BPD 88–90 mm) and second (BPD 91–93 mm) quartile groups, with no apparent adverse impact on immediate neonatal outcome.ConclusionsIncreased BPD within the week prior to delivery is an independent risk factor such that higher values of BPD are associated with progressively higher risk of obstetric intervention; however, in our experience, no adverse neonatal outcome resulted from such intervention. Thus, increased BPD should not discourage a trial of vaginal delivery. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.