bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the renin–angiotensin system on abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Malekzadeh Sonaz , Fraga‐Silva Rodrigo A. , Trachet Bram , Montecucco Fabrizio , Mach François , Stergiopulos Nikolaos 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex degenerative disease, which leads to morbidity and mortality in a large portion of the elderly population. Current treatment options for AAA are quite limited as there is no proven indication for pharmacological therapy and surgery is recommended for AAA larger than 5·5 cm in luminal diameter. Thus, there is a great need to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological cellular and molecular mechanisms to develop effective therapies. In this narrative review, we will discuss recent findings concerning some potential molecular and clinical aspects of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in AAA pathophysiology.Materials and methodsThis narrative review is based on the material found on MEDLINE and PubMed up to April 2013. We looked for the terms ‘angiotensin, AT1 receptor, ACE inhibitors’ in combination with ‘abdominal aortic aneurysm, pathophysiology, pathways’.ResultsSeveral basic research and clinical studies have recently investigated the role of the RAS in AAA. In particular, the subcutaneous infusion of Angiotensin II has been shown to induce AAA in Apo56 knockout mice. On the other hand, the pharmacological treatments targeting this system have been shown as beneficial in AAA patients.ConclusionsEmerging evidence suggests that RAS may act as a molecular and therapeutic target for treating AAA. However, several issues on the role of RAS and the protective activities of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin 1 receptors blockers against AAA require further clarifications.
Androgen activity, ischaemic heart disease and risk factors among men in NHANES III
Authors: Schooling C. Mary 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimObservationally, low serum testosterone among men is associated with cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors, but it is unclear whether raising endogenous androgens would be protective. To clarify the role of androgens, the association of two different androgen biomarkers (serum testosterone and androstanediol glucuronide) with cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality was examined in a nationally representative sample of US men.Research design and methodsMultivariable linear and proportion hazards regression were used to examine the adjusted associations of serum testosterone and androstanediol glucuronide with cardiovascular disease risk factors and death from major cardiovascular diseases in 1460 men from NHANES III phase 1 (1988–1991) followed‐up through 2006.ResultsSerum testosterone and androstanediol glucuronide were weakly correlated (0·13). Serum testosterone was associated with healthier values of most cardiovascular disease risk factors but not with death from ischaemic heart disease or stroke, adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, smoking and alcohol use. Similarly adjusted, androstanediol glucuronide was associated with unhealthier values of some cardiovascular risk factors and death from ischaemic heart disease (hazard ratio 1·16, 95% confidence interval 1·003–1·33 per standard deviation).ConclusionsAndrogen biomarkers had inconsistent associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors and ischaemic heart disease. Androstanediol glucuronide, rather than serum testosterone, had associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors more similar to those seen in randomized controlled trials of testosterone therapy, with corresponding implications for raising androgens.
Unified EEG terminology and criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Beniczky Sándor , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Kaplan Peter W. , Pressler Ronit , Bauer Gerhard , Aurlien Harald , Brøgger Jan C. , Trinka Eugen 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) relies largely on electroencephalography (EEG) findings. The lack of a unified EEG terminology, and of evidence‐based EEG criteria, leads to varying criteria for and ability to diagnose NCSE. We propose a unified terminology and classification system for NCSE, using, as a template, the Standardised Computer‐based Organised Reporting of EEG (SCORE). This approach integrates the terminology recently proposed for the rhythmic and periodic patterns in critically ill patients, the electroclinical classification of NCSE (type of NCSE) and the context for the pathologic conditions and age‐related epilepsy syndromes. We propose flexible EEG criteria that employ the SCORE system to assemble a database for determining evidence‐based EEG criteria for NCSE.
Melt inclusion evidence for magma evolution at Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka
Authors: Robertson K. , Simon A. , Pettke T. , Smith E. , Selyangin O. , Kiryukhin A. , Mulcahy S. R. , Walker J. D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMutnovsky Volcano, located in Kamchatka, Russia, is a young volcano that has formed a series of four overlapping stratocones over its approximately 80 ka history. Erupted products at Mutnovsky range in composition from basalts to dacites; basalts are the most common. In this study, melt inclusions from representative samples of all erupted compositions from all four eruptive centers were analyzed to investigate the causes of the compositional heterogeneity, melt evolution, and pre‐eruptive magma dynamics. Melt inclusions from Mutnovsky were sampled in olivine, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene. The melt inclusion data represent a wide range of melt compositions, from basalt through rhyolite. Geochemical modeling of melt inclusion data, combined with field evidence and chemical zoning of plagioclase phenocrysts, indicates that fractional crystallization and magma mixing produced the range of erupted bulk rock compositions. The measured variability of melt inclusion compositions in each host mineral phase indicates that different host minerals trapped unique melts that evolved separately from one another. The melt inclusion data suggest that individual melt portions evolved by fractional crystallization, perhaps in different magma chambers, within the Mutnovsky plumbing system, and were mixed prior to eruption. Our data do not indicate whether the mixing events were the cause of eruption or are simply the manifestation of the eruption process.
Epicardial fat thickness is associated with impaired coronary flow reserve in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Atakan Aydin , Macunluoglu Beyza , Kaya Yuksel , Ari Elif , Demir Halit , Asicioglu Ebru , Kaspar Cigdem 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is a new risk factor in CVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between EFT and coronary artery flow reserve (CFR), which is an early indicator of endothelial dysfunction in coronary vessels of HD patients. We performed a cross‐sectional study including 71 chronic HD patients and 65 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Epicardial fat tissue was significantly higher in HD patients when compared to healthy controls (6.53 ± 1.01 mm vs. 5.79 ± 1.06 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). On transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, CFR values were significantly lower in HD patients when compared to healthy controls (1.73 ± 0.11 vs. 2.32 ± 0.28, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed CFR values to be inversely correlated with EFT (r = −0.287, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to define independent determinants of EFT in HD patients. Artery flow reserve, age, body mass index and total cholesterol levels were independently correlated with EFT thickness. This study demonstrated that EFT was significantly higher among HD patients compared to healthy controls. In addition, this study was the first to demonstrate an inverse correlation between EFT and CFR in this patient population.
Oral l‐ornithine‐l‐aspartate in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Alvares‐da‐Silva Mario Reis , de Araujo Alexandre , Vicenzi João Reinhardt , da Silva Gabriel Veber , Oliveira Fabiana Bazanella , Schacher Fernando , Oliboni Lucas , Magnus Aline , Kruel Leticia Pinto , Prieb Rita , Fernandes Luiz Nelson Teixeira 
Published: September 2013

AimEvaluate efficacy/safety of oral l‐ornithine‐l‐aspartate (LOLA) in controlling minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE).MethodsConsecutive cirrhotic outpatients with MHE (defined by psychometric number connection tests A/B [NCT‐A/B] and digit symbol substitution test [DSST] score of >2 standard deviations) were randomized to a 60‐day oral LOLA (5 g t.i.d) or placebo group. Critical flicker frequency test (CFF), quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG), arterial ammonia (NH3), Beck's anxiety–depression forms and liver disease quality of life (LD‐QOL) were assessed. Patients were followed for 6 months after the end of the study to assess LOLA prophylactic role on overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE).ResultsSixty‐four patients were included, 63 (98.4%) with MHE. In six of these patients, CFT was less than 39 Hz (9.52%); NH3 was increased in 32 (50.8%); 25% had abnormal qEEG. Age, sex, scholarship, Child–Pugh (CP), Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease, NCT‐A/B, DSST, CFF and NH3 were similar in both groups at the baseline. LOLA led to a significant improvement in NCT‐B age‐controlled z‐score (3.4 ± 3.4 vs 1.5 ± 2.3, P = 0.01) and CFF (42.2 ± 5.8 vs 45.2 ± 5.8, P = 0.02), comparing the first and the last visit, but there were no differences between LOLA and placebo regarding the whole psychometric battery, CFF, LD‐QOL and Beck's forms. No serious adverse effects occurred. Patients taking LOLA had less episodes of OHE at 6 months (5% vs 37.9%, P = 0.016), as they have significant improvement on liver function assessed by CP (P < 0.001).ConclusionA 60‐day oral LOLA course was not better than placebo in treating MHE, but was useful in preventing further episodes of OHE.
Effect of postoperative xylazine administration on cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality after isoflurane anesthesia in horses
Authors: Ida Keila K. , Fantoni Denise T. , Ibiapina Bruna T. , Souto Maria‐Teresa M. R. , Zoppa André L. V. , Silva Luis Claudio L. C. , Ambrósio Aline M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate equine cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality after administration of 0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg xylazine intravenously (IV) during recovery.Study DesignRandomized, blinded, prospective, clinical study.AnimalsHorses (n = 20).MethodsDuring recovery after 3 hours of isoflurane anesthesia for arthroscopic surgery, horses were administered either 0.25 mg/kg (G25, n = 10) or 0.50 mg/kg (G50, n = 10) xylazine intravenously. Vital signs and arterial blood samples were obtained during recovery before sedation (baseline), 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 minutes after xylazine and 30 minutes after standing. The quality of recovery scores ranged from 10 to 72 (10 = best, 72 = worst).ResultsG25 horses recovered faster (mean ± SD, 33 ± 5 min) than G50 horses (50 ± 7 min,P < .0001). Mean maximal decrease in arterial oxygen tension was 55 ± 11 mmHg in G25 (at 10 minutes;P < .05) and 54 ± 7 mmHg in G50 (at 20 minutes;P < .01). G25 group had a total recovery score (23 [range 18–29]) and number of attempts to stand (4 ± 2) greater than the G50 group (18 [10–23] and 1 ± 1, respectively;P < .001).ConclusionsBoth doses of xylazine promoted a moderate and transient hypoxemia during recovery; however, the 0.5 mg/kg dose produced a longer and improved quality of recovery from anesthesia.
Fabrication of Transparent Spinel Honeycomb Structures by Methyl Cellulose–Based Thermal Gelation Processing
Authors: Biswas Papiya , Rajeswari Kotikalapudi , Ramavath Pandu , Johnson Roy , Maiti Himadri S. 
Published: September 2013

Transparent MgAl2O4 spinel of flat as well as honeycomb structure was fabricated by employing thermally induced gel casting of the slurry with 56 wt% solid loading containing 0.2 wt% of methylcellulose. The green specimens were pressureless sintered to 98%–99% of theoretical density with no open porosity at an optimum temperature of 1700°C. Final densification by hot isostatic pressing of both the specimens at the optimum temperature of 1800°C and 195 MPa pressure enabled further elimination of residual porosities and full densification resulting in theoretical density of 3.58 g/cc. The design of the honeycomb was such that it exhibited a surface area to volume ratio of 0.65 cm2/cm3 and a relative density of 0.69. The hardness of the honeycomb specimens has been found to be 13 GPa, which is at par with the solid specimens processed under identical conditions. Solid specimens of around 4 mm thickness exhibited a transmission of >80% in the visible (0.4–0.8 μm) region. Specimens were also tested according to ASTM procedures and have shown a flexural strength (σf) of 195 MPa and plane‐strain fracture toughness (KIc) of 1.87 MPa·m1/2 as reported in this study.
Evaluation of Life Cycle Assessment Recycling Allocation Methods
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah X. , McMillan Colin A. , Keoleian Gregory A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryLife cycle assessment practitioners struggle to accurately allocate environmental burdens of metals recycling, including the temporal dimension of environmental impacts. We analyze four approaches for calculating aluminum greenhouse gas emissions: the recycled content (RC) or cut‐off approach, which assumes that demand for recycled content displaces primary production; end‐of‐life recycling (EOLR), which assumes that postuse recycling displaces primary production; market‐based (MB) approaches, which estimate changes in supply and demand using price elasticities; and value‐corrected substitution (VCS), which allocates impact based on price differences between primary and recycled material. Our analysis suggests that applications of the VCS approach do not adequately account for the changing scrap to virgin material price ratio over time, whereas MB approaches do not address stock accumulation and depletion. The EOLR and RC approaches were analyzed using two case studies: U.S. aluminum beverage cans and vehicle engine blocks. These approaches produced similar results for beverage cans, which have a closed material loop system and a short product life. With longer product lifetimes, as noted with the engine blocks, the magnitude and timing of the emissions differs greatly between the RC and EOLR approaches. The EOLR approach indicates increased impacts at the time of production, offset by negative impacts in future years, whereas the RC approach assumes benefits to increased recycled content at the time of production. For vehicle engine blocks, emissions using EOLR are 140% higher than with RC. Results are highly sensitive to recycled content and future recycling rates, and the choice of allocation methods can have significant implications for life cycle studies.
Debating the Future of Management Research
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian , Healey Mark P. , Suddaby Roy , Weber Klaus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Editors ofJMSinvited four leading scholars in research on management and organizations to have an open discussion on the current state and future prospects of management research. Our four contributors discuss, among other things, the growing influence of economics, psychology, and sociology on current management research, and the danger of an increasingly fetishistic and formulaic approach to management research that they believe may lead to stale and narrow contributions. Such an approach carries a risk in the long run of seriously dampening the intellectual vigour and impact of management research. Our contributors conclude their discussion with a number of recommendations for management researchers. These recommendations include asking bigger, better, and more challenging questions compared to the orthodoxy in our management research and engaging in modes of research that are not only intellectually challenging but that also have the potential of making a real impact on management practice.
Awareness of venous thromboembolism in mental health services for older people
Authors: van Zyl M. , Wieczorek G. , Reilly J. 
Published: September 2013

Accessible summary
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important safety issue in the inpatient mental health care of older people.
In a survey of specialist mental health staff, knowledge of deep vein thrombosis was good.
More variable awareness of the presentation and risk factors for pulmonary embolism indicates the need for training integrated into regular physical health care updates.
AbstractCurrently, failure to adequately screen and prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) is estimated to cause between 25 000 and 32 000 potentially avoidable deaths annually in the United Kingdom. The authors aimed to assess the awareness of VTE in clinical staff working in Mental Health Services for Older People, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys National Health Service Foundation Trust. A questionnaire was devised to assess knowledge of VTE symptoms, risk factors, prevention, and treatment in clinical staff working in Mental Health Service for Older Peoples' inpatient units. Forty‐nine nurses, 12 consultant psychiatrists, and 11 clinical pharmacists responded. A significant proportion of staff had previous involvement in VTE treatment. Staff had significantly more limited knowledge of pulmonary embolism compared to deep vein thrombosis with areas for improvement in presentation, risk factors, and prevention. The study confirms a need for improved awareness among all clinical staff including nurses, pharmacists, and doctors, which can be met by including VTE awareness in First Response training, and encouraging use of the Department of Health VTE e‐learning tool.
British Romanticism and Paper Money
Authors: Dick Alexander 
Published: September 2013

AbstractScholars of British Romanticism have of late become very interested in the suspension of cash payments, which, from 1797 to 1821, disallowed customers from exchanging notes for coin at the Bank of England and effectively made Britain the first paper money economy in modern history. Like their colleagues in eighteenth‐century and Victorian studies, Romanticists in the 1980s and 90s assumed the structural homology between money and language derived from Marx, Freud, and the Cambridge historians (Brewer, Pocock) that made the study of money in literature akin to the general thematic of representation. Recent work, by contrast, has shown that before and during the Romantic period, as commercial value came to replace the social meanings it had once embodied, questions about what money is, what form it should take, how it should circulate, and by whom were more contentious than previously understood. These contentious played a significant role in shaping the dialectical character of Romantic literature. Recent discussions of these debates have also opened up fissures in the field of economic criticism between advocates of “historical description” and adherents of “close reading” that will likely galvanize the field of British Romantic studies.
Divergent evolutionary processes associated with colonization of offshore islands
Authors: Martínková Natália , Barnett Ross , Cucchi Thomas , Struchen Rahel , Pascal Marine , Pascal Michel , Fischer Martin C. , Higham Thomas , Brace Selina , Ho Simon Y. W. , Quéré Jean‐Pierre , O'Higgins Paul , Excoffier Laurent , Heckel Gerald , Rus Hoelzel A. , Dobney Keith M. , Searle Jeremy B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOceanic islands have been a test ground for evolutionary theory, but here, we focus on the possibilities for evolutionary study created by offshore islands. These can be colonized through various means and by a wide range of species, including those with low dispersal capabilities. We use morphology, modern and ancient sequences of cytochrome b (cytb) and microsatellite genotypes to examine colonization history and evolutionary change associated with occupation of the Orkney archipelago by the common vole (Microtus arvalis), a species found in continental Europe but not in Britain. Among possible colonization scenarios, our results are most consistent with human introduction at least 5100 bp (confirmed by radiocarbon dating). We used approximate Bayesian computation of population history to infer the coast of Belgium as the possible source and estimated the evolutionary timescale using a Bayesian coalescent approach. We showed substantial morphological divergence of the island populations, including a size increase presumably driven by selection and reduced microsatellite variation likely reflecting founder events and genetic drift. More surprisingly, our results suggest that a recent and widespread cytb replacement event in the continental source area purged cytb variation there, whereas the ancestral diversity is largely retained in the colonized islands as a genetic ‘ark’. The replacement event in the continental M. arvalis was probably triggered by anthropogenic causes (land‐use change). Our studies illustrate that small offshore islands can act as field laboratories for studying various evolutionary processes over relatively short timescales, informing about the mainland source area as well as the island.
Fire‐induced population reduction and landscape opening increases gene flow via pollen dispersal in Pinus halepensis
Authors: Shohami D. , Nathan R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPopulation reduction and disturbances may alter dispersal, mating patterns and gene flow. Rather than taking the common approach of comparing different populations or sites, here we studied gene flow via wind‐mediated effective pollen dispersal on the same plant individuals before and after a fire‐induced population drop, in a natural stand of Pinus halepensis. The fire killed 96% of the pine trees in the stand and cleared the vegetation in the area. Thirteen trees survived in two groups separated by ~80 m, and seven of these trees had serotinous (closed) prefire cones that did not open despite the fire. We analysed pollen from closed pre and postfire cones using microsatellites. The two groups of surviving trees were highly genetically differentiated, and the pollen they produced also showed strong among‐group differentiation and very high kinship both before and after the fire, indicating limited and very local pollen dispersal. The pollen not produced by the survivors also showed significant prefire spatial genetic structure and high kinship, indicating mainly within‐population origin and limited gene flow from outside, but became spatially homogeneous with random kinship after the fire. We suggest that postfire gene flow via wind‐mediated pollen dispersal increased by two putative mechanisms: (i) a drastic reduction in local pollen production due to population thinning, effectively increasing pollen immigration through reduced dilution effect; (ii) an increase in wind speeds in the vegetation‐free postfire landscape. This research shows that dispersal can alleviate negative genetic effects of population size reduction and that disturbances might enhance gene flow, rather than reduce it.