bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I study of highly selective inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase, tivozanib, in Japanese patients with solid tumors
Authors: Niwakawa Masashi , Yamaguchi Raizo , Onozawa Yusuke , Yasui Hirofumi , Taku Keisei , Naito Tateaki , Akinaga Shiro , Boku Narikazu , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2013

Tivozanib is a potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases. A previous clinical trial in the EU and USA indicated that tivozanib at the maximum tolerated dose of 1.5 mg/day showed an antitumor activity in patients with renal cell carcinoma. This Japanese phase I study was designed to determine the recommended phase II dose of tivozanib for Japanese patients; secondary objectives included pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles and preliminary efficacy. Daily treatment with tivozanib in a 3‐weeks‐on/1‐week‐off cycle was examined in nine Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors in the 3 + 3 design (Level 1, 1.0 mg; Level 2, 1.5 mg). No dose‐limiting toxicity was observed throughout the study, and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most commonly observed drug‐related adverse events were diarrhea, dysphonia, rash, thyroid stimulating hormone increase, and with severity grade ≥3, hand‐foot skin reaction, hypertension, and proteinuria. Those adverse events were generally well‐manageable and mostly resolved within the tolerability evaluation period. Serum exposure to tivozanib resulted in t1/2 of more than >60 h. Increase of plasma VEGF and decrease of plasma VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 were observed 1–3 weeks after tivozanib treatment. Although no complete or partial response was observed, long‐term stable disease continuing more than 170 days was observed in three renal cell carcinoma patients who had failed prior VEGFR inhibitors. In conclusion, 1.5 mg/day of tivozanib in a 3‐weeks‐on/1‐week‐off setting was tolerable in Japanese patients, and was recommended for further clinical trials in the Japanese population. Clinical trial Registration No: JapicCTI‐090854.
Chytridiomycosis and Seasonal Mortality of Tropical Stream‐Associated Frogs 15 Years after Introduction of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: PHILLOTT ANDREA D. , GROGAN LAURA F. , CASHINS SCOTT D. , MCDONALD KEITH R. , BERGER LEE , SKERRATT LEE F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAssessing the effects of diseases on wildlife populations can be difficult in the absence of observed mortalities, but it is crucial for threat assessment and conservation. We performed an intensive capture‐mark‐recapture study across seasons and years to investigate the effect of chytridiomycosis on demographics in 2 populations of the threatened common mist frog (Litoria rheocola) in the lowland wet tropics of Queensland, Australia. Infection prevalence was the best predictor for apparent survival probability in adult males and varied widely with season (0–65%). Infection prevalence was highest in winter months when monthly survival probabilities were low (approximately 70%). Populations at both sites exhibited very low annual survival probabilities (12–15%) but high recruitment (71–91%), which resulted in population growth rates that fluctuated seasonally. Our results suggest that even in the absence of observed mortalities and continued declines, and despite host–pathogen co‐existence for multiple host generations over almost 2 decades, chytridiomycosis continues to have substantial seasonally fluctuating population‐level effects on amphibian survival, which necessitates increased recruitment for population persistence. Similarly infected populations may thus be under continued threat from chytridiomycosis which may render them vulnerable to other threatening processes, particularly those affecting recruitment success.Quitridiomicosis y Mortalidad Estacional de Ranas Asociadas a Arroyos Tropicales Quince Años Después de la Introducción de Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisvsp
Indirect Effects of Pandemic Deer Overabundance Inferred from Caterpillar‐Host Relations
Authors: WHEATALL LAURA , NUTTLE TIM , YERGER ELLEN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractExternally feeding phytophagous insect larvae (i.e., caterpillars, here, larval Lepidoptera and sawflies, Hymenoptera: Symphyta) are important canopy herbivores and prey resources in temperate deciduous forests. However, composition of forest trees has changed dramatically in the eastern United States since 1900. In particular, browsing by high densities of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has resulted in forests dominated by browse‐tolerant species, such as black cherry (Prunus serotina), and greatly reduced relative abundance of other tree species, notably pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica) and birches (Betula spp.). To quantify effects of these changes on caterpillars, we sampled caterpillars from 960 branch tips of the 8 tree species that comprise 95% of trees in Allegheny hardwood forests: red maple (Acer rubrum), striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), sweet birch (Betula lenta), yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), black cherry, and pin cherry. We collected 547 caterpillar specimens that belonged to 66 Lepidoptera and 10 Hymenoptera species. Caterpillar density, species richness, and community composition differed significantly among tree species sampled. Pin cherry, nearly eliminated at high deer density, had the highest density and diversity of caterpillars. Pin cherry shared a common caterpillar community with black cherry, which was distinct from those of other tree hosts. As high deer density continues to replace diverse forests of cherries, maples, birches, and beech with monodominant stands of black cherry, up to 66% of caterpillar species may be eliminated. Hence, deer‐induced changes in forest vegetation are likely to ricochet back up forest food webs and therefore negatively affect species that depend on caterpillars and moths for food and pollination.Efectos Indirectos de la Sobreabundancia de Venados Pandémicos Inferida de Relaciones Orugas‐Huéspedes
Pattern of oral–maxillofacial trauma stemming from interpersonal physical violence and determinant factors
Authors: Ferreira Meire Coelho , Batista Anne Margareth , Ferreira Fernanda de Oliveira , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia , Marques Leandro Silva 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground/AimFacial trauma is among the most common types of injury. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of oral–maxillofacial trauma stemming from interpersonal physical violence (IPV) and determine whether IPV is factor associated with oral–maxillofacial trauma.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 790 complete patient charts for data on the type of IPV for the gender, area of residence (urban or rural), age and type of trauma. Statistical analysis involved the chi‐squared test (P < 0.05), univariate/multivariate Poisson, and logistic regression (P < 0.20). Type of oral–maxillofacial trauma was the dependent variable. Socio‐demographic status and type of IPV were the independent variables.ResultsOne hundred forty (17.7%) individuals had oral–maxillofacial injuries stemming from IPV [80 (10.1%) due to urban violence (UV) and 42 (5.3%) due to domestic violence (DV)]. DV was more prevalent among females (69%), and UV was more prevalent among males (67.5%). The most common types of trauma were facial contusion and laceration, dental concussion, and mandibular fracture. Age and UV were explanatory factors for mandibular fracture. Females from rural areas and who suffered DV were more likely to exhibit facial contusion and dental concussion.ConclusionsInterpersonal physical violence was identified as a factor associated with oral–maxillofacial trauma, specifically mandibular fracture, facial contusion, and dental concussion.
Microbial community responses to anthropogenically induced environmental change: towards a systems approach
Authors: Bissett Andrew , Brown Mark V. , Siciliano Steven D. , Thrall Peter H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe soil environment is essential to many ecosystem services which are primarily mediated by microbial communities. Soil physical and chemical conditions are altered on local and global scales by anthropogenic activity and which threatens the provision of many soil services. Despite the importance of soil biota for ecosystem function, we have limited ability to predict and manage soil microbial community responses to change. To better understand causal relationships between microbial community structure and ecological function, we argue for a systems approach to prediction and management of microbial response to environmental change. This necessitates moving beyond concepts of resilience, resistance and redundancy that assume single optimum stable states, to ones that better reflect the dynamic and interactive nature of microbial systems. We consider the response of three soil groups (ammonia oxidisers, denitrifiers, symbionts) to anthropogenic perturbation to motivate our discussion. We also present a network re‐analysis of a saltmarsh microbial community which illustrates how such approaches can reveal ecologically important connections between functional groups. More generally, we suggest the need for integrative studies which consider how environmental variables moderate interactions between functional groups, how this moderation affects biogeochemical processes and how these feedbacks ultimately drive ecosystem services provided by soil biota.
Territorial Patterns of Innovation and Economic Growth in European Regions
Authors: Capello Roberta , Lenzi Camilla 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes the notion of territorial patterns of innovation as a new conceptualization to understand the relationship among knowledge, innovation, and economic growth at the regional level. The territorial patterns of innovation approach reject the simplistic view of an invention‐innovation equivalence and advance alternative patterns, alternative ways in which knowledge and innovation can take place and mix in space. Each of them represents a different way of innovating, one not necessarily more efficient than the other. On the empirical ground, the paper demonstrates this statement for all NUTS2 regions of the 27 European Union states by showing that the efficiency in taking advantage of innovation does not only link to the strength of the local knowledge base; rather, territorial patterns of innovation characterized by relatively low knowledge intensity can be relatively more efficient in grasping and exploiting innovation returns for growing. Interesting policy implications can be drawn from the empirical analysis presented. If the results do not deny the importance of research and development (R&D) activities for regional growth, and therefore the right focus put forward by the Europe 2020 on a “smart growth” based on knowledge and innovation, they call for particular attention when the Europe 2020 goal is translated into a regional setting.
Knowledge Assets and Regional Performance
Authors: Paci Raffaele , Marrocu Emanuela 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of knowledge assets—technological and human capital—on the regional productivity levels within a Cobb–Douglas production function model, which includes the traditional tangible inputs, as well as other territorial and industrial features of the regions. Spatial panel econometric techniques are applied to account for geographical association and to examine the role of knowledge spillovers from the neighbouring regions. We apply our empirical model to a large set of regions belonging to the EU27 plus Norway and Switzerland over the period 2000–2008. Our main results, robust to a wide array of sensitivity checks, show that both knowledge assets exert a positive impact on gross domestic product, with human capital being more effective than technological capital in most cases. Moreover, we find evidence of spatial spillovers directly associated with the two knowledge assets, which turn out to have a larger effect in the regions of the 12 new accession countries. These results underline the central role played by highly educated labour forces in allowing a region to absorb the potential knowledge spilling from the external territories, especially in developing countries, and to ensure its effective use in the production process.
Association of a GRIA3 Gene Polymorphism With Migraine in an Australian Case‐Control Cohort
Authors: Maher Bridget H. , Lea Rod A. , Follett Jordan , Cox Hannah C. , Fernandez Francesca , Esposito Teresa , Gianfrancesco Fernando , Haupt Larisa M. , Griffiths Lyn R. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has been implicated in both the hyperexcitability required for cortical spreading depression as well as activation of the trigeminovascular system required for the allodynia associated with migraine. Polymorphisms in the glutamate receptor ionotropic amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionin acid 1 (GRIA1) and GRIA3 genes that code for 2 of 4 subunits of the glutamate receptor have been previously associated with migraine in an Italian population. In addition, the GRIA3 gene is coded within a previously identified migraine susceptibility locus at Xq24. This study investigated the previously associated polymorphisms in both genes in an Australian case‐control population.MethodsVariants in GRIA1 and GRIA3 were genotyped in 472 unrelated migraine cases and matched controls, and data were analyzed for association.ResultsAnalysis showed no association between migraine and the GRIA1 gene. However, association was observed with the GRIA3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3761555 (P = .008).ConclusionThe results of this study confirmed the previous report of association at the rs3761555 SNP within the migraine with aura subgroup of migraineurs. However, the study identified association with the inverse allele suggesting that rs3761555 may not be the causative SNP but is more likely in linkage disequilibrium with another causal variant in both populations. This study supports the plethora of evidence suggesting that glutamate dysfunction may contribute to migraine susceptibility, warranting further investigation of the glutamatergic system and particularly of the GRIA3 gene.
The political motivations of ethical consumers
Authors: Brenton Scott 
Published: May 2013

AbstractConsumer‐driven labelling schemes such asFairtradeand theForestStewardshipCouncil, are based upon several assumptions of consumer decision making and behaviour. This study aimed to test the validity of some of these assumptions, including the belief that consumers are acting ‘on behalf’ of workers and communities in economically developing countries by supporting fair and ethical trade. It examines the political motivations underlying ethical consumption, such as its relationship to other forms of political activism, reasons behind high purchase frequency and how existing values interact with consumption choices. Drawing upon the results of a series of six focus groups with 58 participants and a nationally representative panel‐based survey of 1014 Australian consumers, this paper argues that many of the factors involved in consumer decision making are inconsistent with the assumptions made by private economic governance schemes in attempting to harness consumer power, calling into question the effectiveness and legitimacy of such schemes. However, by tailoring the marketing strategies to different types of consumers, along with suppliers and retailers, these schemes can potentially increase their effectiveness.
Ethosomes in hair dye products as carriers of the major compounds of black tea extracts
Authors: Yeh Meng‐I , Huang Hsiu‐Chin , Liaw Jia‐Horng , Huang Min‐Chuan , Wu Tzu‐Hua , Huang Kuei‐Fen , Hsu Feng‐Lin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study describes a novel carrier, the ethosome‐based system, which is composed of non‐ionic surfactants, ethanol, and water.MethodsBrij®52 (non‐ionic surfactants), soya phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol, and the major compounds (caffeine and gallic acid) of black tea extracts were dissolved in the ethanolic phase. The aqueous phase containing Paragon III was heated to 60 °C and mixed with the previous solution. Finally, 3.4 ml NaOH (6.5 N) was added to adjust the pH level to 4.05. The mixture was centrifuged at 2000 g for two minutes, and the precipitate was taken as the end product. Black tea extracts were applied in ethosome‐based formulations, and the efficacy of these formulations in penetrating nude mouse skin and in dyeing white hairs was investigated.ResultsCompared with an ethanolic solution and black tea extracts, the non‐ionic ethosomal delivery system dramatically enhanced the adsorption of black tea extracts onto hair surfaces in vitro. The non‐ionic ethosomal system was much more efficient in delivering and facilitating the adsorption of black tea extracts to the hair surface than hydroalcoholic black tea extracts.ConclusionsThis formulation may have potential for development as a hair dye and protective agent.
Mohs surgery in metastatic cancer: renal cell carcinoma solitary cutaneous metastasis and visceral tumor metastases to skin treated with microscopically controlled surgical excision
Authors: Anzalone Charles L. , Cohen Philip R. , Migden Michael R. , Tannir Nizar M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundMohs micrographic surgery is the reference standard treatment for primary cutaneous malignancies.ObjectivesThe purpose of this case study is to demonstrate that Mohs surgery may be considered as a possible treatment for a solitary metastatic tumor under the appropriate circumstances.MethodsWe report a patient in whom a solitary cutaneous metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was successfully treated with microscopically controlled surgical excision, and cite instances of the successful management of cutaneous metastases using the Mohs surgical technique in oncology patients reported in the literature. Patient reports and previous reviews of the subject were critically assessed. Salient features are presented.ResultsMetastases to the skin are rare in RCC. Albeit rarely, surgical excision, particularly Mohs micrographic surgery, has been used for the removal of isolated RCC cutaneous metastases. In the present patient with metastatic RCC, a solitary cutaneous metastasis on the occipital scalp was successfully treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. There was no recurrence of the lesion after two years of follow‐up; however, the patient eventually succumbed to progressive disease.ConclusionsWe suggest that, in the appropriate setting, surgical excision of isolated cutaneous metastases using microscopically controlled margins at the time of surgery should be added to the indications for Mohs surgery.
Afro‐Caribbean pemphigus: epidemiological data from a 5‐year prospective study on the island of Guadeloupe (French West Indies)
Authors: Cordel Nadège , Maire Cyril , le Gilbert Daniè , Courville Philippe , Tressières Benoît 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are no reported epidemiological data regarding autoimmune pemphigus in the Afro‐Caribbean population.ObjectivesTo present the epidemiology of autoimmune pemphigus on the island of Guadeloupe (French West Indies, 400,736 inhabitants, mostly black Caribbean of African European descent).Materials and methodsFive‐year prospective study. Inclusion of the incident cases when directly referred to the Dermatology Department or secondarily referred by their private practice dermatologist once identified by the computerized databases of the Guadeloupian pathology laboratories.ResultsWorld‐population‐standardized incidence was 6.96 (95% CI: 3.41–10.52) for pemphigus vulgaris and 3.75 (95% CI: 1.12–6.39) for pemphigus foliaceus. Patients usually live in the rural countryside, whereas 75% of the population of Guadeloupe Island live in an urban environment.ConclusionWe report a high incidence of autoimmune pemphigus in Guadeloupe, especially for the foliaceus type, and the existence of particular epidemiological features such as the rural countryside habitat.
Processing and storage effects on anthocyanin composition and antioxidant activity of jams produced with Camarosa strawberry
Authors: Amaro Luís F. , Soares M. Teresa , Pinho Carina , Almeida Isabel F. , Pinho Olívia , Ferreira Isabel M. P. L. V. O. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAnthocyanin profiles and radical scavenging activity of Camarosa strawberry jams as affected by two processing methods (conventional/industrial) and storage conditions were evaluated. Industrial strawberry jam produced in a closed system with vacuum preserved the anthocyanin composition (the total content was 35.77 ± 2.56 mg per 100 g) when compared with conventional jam produced in an open system (3.35 ± 0.05 mg per 100 g). However, the radical scavenging activity of conventional jam was lower than that of industrial jam, as EC50 was 52.99 ± 0.94 and 44.33 ± 2.47 mg mL−1, respectively. Two‐way analysis of variance indicated a significant effect of processing method and storage time during 60 days and a significant interaction for all variables except for EC50. Long‐time storage of industrial jams at −8 °C leads to 80% reduction in anthocyanin content without loss of sensorial characteristics, whereas at room temperature the reduction was 98%, and the red colour was replaced by a brownish. Regardless of storage temperature, the radical scavenging activity of jams decreased 50–60% of its initial value.
Anthocyanin and organic acid profiles of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juices from registered varieties in Turkey
Authors: Türkyılmaz Meltem 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis is the first study to analyse the profiles of anthocyanin (ACN) and organic acid (OA) and some physico‐chemical properties of pomegranate juices (PJs) obtained from nine registered varieties in Turkey. HPLC analyses revealed that there were significant differences between ACN contents (28–447 mg L−1) and profiles (P < 0.01). The PJs contain maximum six ACNs, 3‐glucosides and 3,5‐diglucoside of delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin. The major OA in PJs was citric acid (66–74%), followed by malic (6–12%), succinic (5–19%), nonidentified (0–14%) and tartaric acids (0.1–3.7%). Amongst individual OAs, citric acid had the most significant effects on TA (r = 0.9761), pH (r = 0.9208) values and sourness of PJs. As different from literature, results of this study revealed that malic acid contents of authentic PJs could be higher than 1.5 g L−1. Consequently, ACN and OA profiles could be successfully used in quality control because all PJs have their own typical ACN and OA profiles.
Effect of heat treatment on internal atmosphere and leaf extension of minimally processed leek stalks
Authors: Tsouvaltzis Pavlos , Siomos Anastasios S. , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: May 2013

SummaryLeeks trimmed at 20 cm from their base were immersed in a 55 °C hot water bath. During the heat treatment (HT), the internal gases released from each stalk were collected, and their volume as well as CO2 and O2 concentrations were determined. After HT, cooling and storage at 10 °C for 8 days, the weight, maximum leaf extension and internal atmosphere (volume and gas composition) were measured. It was found that HT inhibited leaf extension during storage at 10 °C for 8 days and induced significant modification of the stalk internal atmosphere, both immediately after HT and after storage. Therefore, in heat‐treated leek stalks, the growth zone of the innermost leaves was subjected to an environment of elevated CO2 concentration, which was accompanied by the inhibition of leaf extension growth.