bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible surface acoustic wave devices and its applications in microfluidics
Authors: Zhou Jian , He Xingli , Wang Wenbo , Hu Nana , Jin Hao , Xu Y. , Dong Shurong , Wang Demiao , Fu Y.Q. , Luo J. K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract:Flexible electronics and microsystems are an emerging technology with a tremedous impact to the future electronics and information technology and widespread applications. Various devices and microsystems have been developed. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are a type of essential device for electronics, microsensors and microsystems; however there is no activity on the development of flexible SAW devices yet. This paper reports the development of flexible SAW devices on cheap, bendable and disposable plastic films. Flexible SAW devices with resonant frequency of 198.1 MHz and 447 MHz for the Rayleigh and Lamb waves respectively have been obtained with a large transmission signal up to 18dB. The flexible SAW devices have also demonstrated their ability for acoustic streaming with a velocity up to 3.4 cm/s and for particle concentration. The results have clearly demonstrated that the flexible SAW devices have great potential for applications in electronics and microsystems.
A verified method for solving piecewise smooth initial value problems
Authors: Auer Ekaterina , Kiel Stefan , Rauh Andreas 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In many applications, there is a need to choose mathematical models that depend on non-smooth functions. The task of simulation becomes especially difficult if such functions appear on the right-hand side of an initial value problem. Moreover, solution processes from usual numerics are sensitive to roundoff errors so that verified analysis might be more useful if a guarantee of correctness is required or if the system model is influenced by uncertainty. In this paper, we provide a short overview of possibilities to formulate non-smooth problems and point out connections between the traditional non-smooth theory and interval analysis. Moreover, we summarize already existing verified methods for solving initial value problems with non-smooth (in fact, even not absolutely continuous) right-hand sides and propose a way of handling a certain practically relevant subclass of such systems. We implement the approach for the solver VALENCIA-IVP by introducing into it a specialized template for enclosing the first-order derivatives of non-smooth functions. We demonstrate the applicability of our technique using a mechanical system model with friction and hysteresis. We conclude the paper by giving a perspective on future research directions in this area.
A practical application of kernel-based fuzzy discriminant analysis
Authors: Gao Jian-Qiang , Fan Li-Ya , Li Li , Xu Li-Zhong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A novel method for feature extraction and recognition called Kernel Fuzzy Discriminant Analysis (KFDA) is proposed in this paper to deal with recognition problems, e.g., for images. The KFDA method is obtained by combining the advantages of fuzzy methods and a kernel trick. Based on the orthogonal-triangular decomposition of a matrix and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), two different variants, KFDA/QR and KFDA/SVD, of KFDA are obtained. In the proposed method, the membership degree is incorporated into the definition of between-class and within-class scatter matrices to get fuzzy between-class and within-class scatter matrices. The membership degree is obtained by combining the measures of features of samples data. In addition, the effects of employing different measures is investigated from a pure mathematical point of view, and the t-test statistical method is used for comparing the robustness of the learning algorithm. Experimental results on ORL and FERET face databases show that KFDA/QR and KFDA/SVD are more effective and feasible than Fuzzy Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA) in terms of the mean correct recognition rate.
Network Threat Identification and Analysis Based on a State Transition Graph
Authors: Lv Huiying , Zhang Yuan , Wang Jie 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
With the rapid popularity of Internet and information technology, local area network is becoming insecure. Along with the improving advantages, security threats are emerging continually and bringing great pressure and challenges. An identification and analysis method for network real-time threats is proposed to accurately assess and master the current network security situation, and thereby preferably guide a dynamic defense. This method recognizes the current threats and predicts the subsequent threats by modeling attack scenarios and simulating attack state transferring. The threat identification model is called Attack State Transition Graph and Real-Time Attack State Graph, which is constructed by an Expanded Finite-State Automata. Based on the former possible threat paths, the state transitions can be illustrated and based on the latter, actually successful threats and threat paths are described. Then a threat identification algorithm is presented based on the above model. With this algorithm, various invalid threats are filtered; current valid threats are obtained by correlating the dynamic alarms with a static attack scenario. Further on, combining the Attack State Transition Graph with a Real-Time Attack State Graph, a possible next threat and a threat path can be identified and an attack target can also be predicted. Finally, the simulated results in an experimental network verify the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm. This method provides a novel solution to evaluate and analyze the network security situation.
Multi-Attribute Decision Making Based on Attribute Importance Degree and Case-Based Reasoning
Authors: Wu Zhong , Yan Ruixia 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
To tackle a multi-attribute decision making problem, rough set and casebased reasoning are often combined. However, the reduction in a rough set is always complex. In this paper we provide a new relative importance measure about the unitary attributes values by ranking the relative importance of the attributes in the rough set theory. A new rough set model based on ranking the relative importance of the attributes is built and its properties are studied. Then unitary attributes values are utilized to compute the similarity of rules in case-based reasoning, for there might be incompletely match or miss values. A new multiattribute decision making based on case-based reasoning and a rough set based on the ranking relative importance of the attributes is constructed, which obtains rules, avoiding reduction and rule extraction.
A Negotiation Framework for Managing the Requirements Changes
Authors: Zhang Yirui , Jin Ying , Bai Jianxiu , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The consistent system requirements set is the basis of successful software projects. The requirements change is very usual in a software project, and it may cause inconsistency of the requirements set, and become the key factor that affects the quality of the requirements and the software. Aiming at the problem of requirements inconsistencies caused by the requirements change, this paper proposes a compromise-based negotiation framework to manage the requirements changes, illustrates the efficiency of the proposed method by a software engineering case, gives a contrast experiment with the current mainstream method, and finally gives a comparison with the related work and a conclusion. The experimental results show that the framework proposed in this paper is more flexible and accurate than the results of the current popular framework, so it is more suitable for the requirement changes management.
Flowering dynamics and pollen production of Laburnum anagyroides Med. under the conditions of south-eastern Poland
Authors: Stawiarz Ernest , Wróblewska Anna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A study on the flowering biology and pollen production of the common laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides Med.) was conducted under the conditions of Lublin during the period 2004 - 2006. The flowering of this species began in the second 10-day period of May and lasted for 2.5 - 4 weeks. The flowers of common laburnum are borne in showy golden-yellow pendulous racemes. They develop successively, starting from the base and moving to the tip of an inflorescence. During the growing season, one shrub produces 800 to 3200 racemes, with 14 to 35 flowers in a single raceme. On average, the flowering duration for a raceme was 12.8 days and 8.7 days for a single flower. Throughout the study years, the shrubs proved to be most attractive in the third 10-day period of May when they reached full bloom.
The average weight of pollen produced was 6.08 mg per 10 flowers of Laburnum anagyroides, 14.02 mg per raceme, and 26.0 g per shrub. Pollen grains reached average dimensions of 24.01 μm × 24.26 μm.
FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF HABROBRACON HEBETOR SAY (HYM.: BRACONIDAE) TO MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH (ANAGASTA KUEHNIELLA ZELLER), IN RESPONSE TO PESTICIDES
Authors: Mahdavi Vahid , Saber Moosa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The functional response is a behavioral phenomena defined as the relation between the parasitized host per each parasitoid and host density. This phenomenon can be useful in assessing parasitoid efficiency for the biological control of the host. Parasitoid wasps are most important insects and they play a significant role in the natural control of pests via their parasitism activities. In this study, the effects of diazinon and malathion were evaluated on the functional response of Habrobracon hebetor Say to different densities of last instar larvae of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller. Young adult females (< 24 h old) of the parasitoid were exposed to LC30 values of pesticides. Host densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 were offered, to treated young females for 24 h in 10 cm Petri dishes. At this point, the parasitism data were recorded. The experiments were conducted in eight replications. The functional response was type Ш in the control and insecticide treatments. Searching efficiency in the control, diazinon and malathion-treated wasps were 0.008±0.002, 0.003±0.002, and 0.004±0.002 h-1, handling times were 1.38±0.1, 7.95±0.91, and 6.4±0.81 h, respectively. Diazinon and malathion had the highest and the lowest effect on searching efficiency of H. hebetor, respectively. After conducting advanced field studies, it was found that malathion may be used as a compatible chemical material with biological control agent in IPM programs.
DEVELOPMENTS IN ESP TEACHING
Authors: Jendrych Elżbieta 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The fast changing business environment and the ever-growing de- mand facing professional communicators in the 21st century pose new challenges to language learners and teachers alike. Competitive business organizations at- tempt to recruit employees who have excellent linguistic competence coupled with nonlinguistic competences and skills. It is not easy to acquire these addi- tional competences and skills. However, most of them are transferable and can be greatly improved if students are provided with adequate teaching materials and appropriate input from the teacher. The aim of the paper is to address the complexity of ESP teaching today. Firstly, it presents an overview of the changes that have occurred in the practice of teaching ESP in the last few decades. It also sheds some light on the increasing importance of needs analysis. Then it presents new developments in teaching English for professional communication at the ter- tiary level of education. These developments include (1) content-and-language integrated learning, (2) use of didactic case studies, (3) corpus studies con- ducted for teaching purposes and aimed at identifying high-frequency language elements: terms, specialized lexis items, collocations, formulae, acronyms, etc., that need to be prioritized in language courses, (4) more effective course-books with higher terminology indexes, (5) extended use of online materials, (6) teach- ing writing for specialized purposes, and (7) teaching cross-cultural and social skills. The new approach is more challenging for ESP teachers and requires much higher qualifications, such as content knowledge and transferable skills. In order to increase students’ employability and promotion opportunities, we need teaching materials and approaches that help streamline students’ efforts, economize on time, and increase the effectiveness of language courses.
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS FOR LAW STUDENTS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES
Authors: Vyushkina Elena G. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with a practical approach to developing of law stu- dents’ communicative and professional competences within a one-term, optional, cross-curricular course. The author, whose principal occupation is teaching Le- gal English, was offered the opportunity to train a team of law students to take part in the national rounds of the International Client Consultation Com- petition. Since then, the author has been involved in coaching teams for law students’ competitions and the author’s three year work has resulted in framing an experimental cross-curricular course “Client Consultation in English”. The background and necessity for the development of the course are outlined in the paper, along with a brief overview of teaching legal skills in Russia and general information about international competitions for law students. The basic ele- ments of the course are described, as well as the methods used by the author for training students’ teams. A similar framework is being used now for creating another cross-curricular course “Legal Negotiations in English”.
Literacy of Young Adults Learning at Adult Gymnasiums: Literacy or Illiteracy?
Authors: Varik Ene 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The article based on the sociocultural approach to literacy (Barton & Hamilton 1998, Barton 2007, Eames 2006, Gee 2012). The literacy has to do with reading, whereas multiple abilities to “read” certain types of texts in certain ways or at certain levels are used. This allows to claim that in that area various types of abilities are needed depending on the type of literacy and there is a set of literacy practices (Gee 2012, 40). Based on sociocultural approach conducted in 2007 the survey Literacy level of students of adult gymnasiums. The survey focuses on the analysis of literacy of young adults learning at adult gymnasiums in Estonia. The main research question was: how do young adults who learn at adult gymnasiums assess their coping with literacy-related activities and what are their skills in reading texts with different degrees of difficulty? The survey revealed that the majority of young adults who had had reading difficulties during childhood also experienced reading difficulties as adults. Significant proportion of young adults learning at adult gymnasiums had difficulties with finding necessary information in written texts and using this information.
Secondary Education Students with Reading Disability - Findings from Two Remedial Training Experiments
Authors: Vanninen Petri , Määttä Kaarina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Dyslexia can have determining effects on a person’ s learning identity, educational choices, and life in general. This is the first scientific report focusing on the remedial training prospects for adults with dyslexia. The main purpose of the research was to provide new information about reading disability in adults and to determine the usefulness of remedial training for dyslexia in Finland. In this research, the remedial effect of training material that was created to improve the reading performance of upper secondary education students was analyzed through two different remedial experiments. The results were analyzed through statistical analysis and students’ own experiences. In addition, the functionality of the diagnostic method for dyslexia and reading disability in students were studied. The sample (n = 98) comprised students from two Finnish education institutes who participated in two remedial training experiments. The reading of the test group (n = 6) and the control group (n = 3) selected from the sample were studied for one study year. The test group was given 20 hours of remedial training for dyslexia while the control group was not. The research group (n = 37) in which the diagnostic method was tested comprised of students from two Finnish vocational schools. The research results showed positive development in students’ reading during the remedial training period. Statistically significant decrease in the total number of reading errors and significant increase in reading speed were found. According to the results, the cerebral hemisphere-oriented tasks in the training material stimulated the weaker cerebral hemisphere, as expected. The training material for students with L-type dyslexia had a more positive effect than the one designed for students with P-type dyslexia.
Installation and measurement capacity of 3 × 592 GBq 241Am–Be neutron irradiation cell
Authors: Bulut S. , Çelenk İ. , Artan S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this study, the installation and measurement capacity of the neutron irradiation system are investigated. First of all an irradiation geometry enabling optimum irradiation was designed for three 241Am–Be sources each of it having 592 GBq activity. Neutron irradiation system was installed after design and optimization of the system including the design of appropriate moderator and shielding were completed. Radiation safety standards of the Neutron Research Laboratory fulfilling the requirements of national regulation were achieved with unique configuration of the shielding materials. In this study the results of qualitative and quantitative detection limits obtained for Na, Al, Cl, K, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Ru, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Lu, Hf, W, Pt, Au, Th and U elements by using the neutron irradiation cell comprising 3 × 592 GBq 241Am–Be isotopic neutron source are presented and discussed.
Controls of tor formation, Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland
Authors: Goodfellow Bradley W. , Skelton Alasdair , Martel Stephen J. , Stroeven Arjen P. , Jansson Krister N. , Hättestrand Clas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTors occur in many granitic landscapes and provide opportunities to better understand differential weathering. We assess tor formation in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland, by examining correlation of tor location and size with grain size and the spacing of steeply dipping joints. We infer a control on these relationships and explore its potential broader significance for differential weathering and tor formation. We also assess the relationship between the formation of subhorizontal joints in many tors and local topographic shape by evaluating principle surface curvatures from a digital elevation model of the Cairngorms. We then explore the implications of these joints for tor formation. We conclude that the Cairngorm tors have formed in kernels of relatively coarse grained granite. Tor volumes increase with grain size and the spacing of steeply dipping joints. We infer that the steeply dipping joints largely formed during pluton cooling and are more widely spaced in tor kernels because of slower cooling rates. Preferential tor formation in coarser granite with a wider joint spacing that is more easily grusified indicates that joint spacing is a dominant control on differential weathering. Sheet jointing is well developed in tors located on relatively high convex surfaces. This jointing formed after the gross topography of the Cairngorms was established and before tor emergence. The presence of closely spaced (tens of centimeters), subhorizontal sheeting joints in tors indicates that these tors, and similarly sheeted tors elsewhere, formed either after subaerial exposure of bedrock or have progressively emerged from a regolith only a few meters thick.
Femtosecond petawatt laser
Authors: Jeong Tae Moon , Lee Jongmin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe high‐power femtosecond laser has now become an excellent scientific tool for the study of not only relativistic laser–matter interactions but also scientific applications. The high‐power femtosecond laser depends on the Kerr‐lens modelocking (KLM) and chirped‐pulse amplification (CPA) technique. An all‐Ti:sapphire‐based 30‐fs PW CPA laser, which is called the PULSER (Petawatt Ultrashort Laser System for Extreme Science Research) has been recently constructed and is being used for accelerating the charged particles (electrons and protons) and generating ultrashort high‐energy photon (X‐ray and γ‐ray) sources. In this review, the world‐wide PW‐level femtosecond laser systems are first summarized, the output performances of the PULSER‐I & II are described, and the future upgrade plan of the PULSER to the multi‐PW level is also discussed. Then, several experimental results on particle (electron and proton) acceleration and X‐ray generation in the intensity range of mid‐1018 W/cm2 to mid‐1020 W/cm2 are described. Experimental demonstrations for the newly proposed phenomena and the understanding of physical mechanisms in relativistic and ultrarelativistic regimes are highly expected as increasing the laser peak intensity up to over 1022 W/cm2 ∼1023 W/cm2.
Multiple Senses of Community Among Older Chinese Migrants to New Zealand
Authors: Li Wendy Wen , Hodgetts Darrin , Sonn Christopher 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTExisting literature suggests that successful ageing is linked to a sense of community (SOC) that is developed through shared daily practices. For migrant groups, SOC can extend across home and receiving countries. In order to understand the issue of successful ageing in place and multiple SOCs among older Chinese migrants, this paper investigated 32 older Chinese migrants' narratives of developing a SOC in their local and home communities. Findings suggest that a SOC can be viewed as constructed through practices such as neighbouring and supportive interactions within local contexts as well as engagement with the home country via new media. The findings provide insights into everyday practices central to the cultivation of a SOC among the participants whose engagements span the cultural spaces of China and New Zealand. For example, the use of media contributes to the participants' SOCs both in China and New Zealand. As a result, they live in a transnational community that can be understood as an ‘imagined’ community where the participants engage with significant, although absent, Chinese others. Living between China and New Zealand, between homes and between languages, the participants create identity ‘inbetweenness’ that is constructed at the intersection of interdependent, compatible and mutually reinforcing communities and spaces. The findings therefore extend conventional understandings of ageing migrant experiences that assume successful ageing and community participation occur in one locale to an understanding of multiple SOCs within the context of transnationalism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.