bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Science and Principles of Stem Cells, Platelet‐Rich Plasma, and Exosomes
Authors: Lyles Elliott , Stegura Carol , Broughton Luke , Snyder Alan , Schlesinger Todd 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRegenerative medicine seeks to harness the natural healing abilities of the body and has scope for use in the treatment of dermatologic conditions. Stem cell therapy, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), and exosomes are emerging as key components in regenerative medicine, particularly in skin rejuvenation and repair.ObjectivesThe goal of this article is to review the basic science behind the function of stem cells, PRP, and exosomes in regenerative medicine.MethodsA literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on basic science literature regarding the structure, origin, mechanisms of action, and isolation of stem cells, PRP, and exosomes.ResultsThe evaluation found that stem cells facilitate skin regeneration by modulating the inflammatory milieu. PRP was shown to have positive effects on repairing skin elasticity and improving scars through the release of growth factors. Exosomes were found to enhance fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis.ConclusionsStem cell therapy, PRP, and exosomes each show mechanisms that render them useful in regenerative medicine. Future research is needed to further elucidate their mechanisms of action, standardize their isolation procedures, and optimize their potential for clinical application.
Simulating atmospheric drought: Silica gel packets dehumidify mesocosm microclimates
Authors: Varghese S. , Aguirre B. A. , Isbell F. , Wright A. J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs global temperatures rise, droughts are becoming more frequent and severe. To predict how drought might affect plant communities, ecologists have traditionally designed drought experiments with controlled watering regimes and rainout shelters. Both treatments have proven effective for simulating soil drought. However, neither are designed to directly modify atmospheric drought. Here, we detail the efficacy of a silica gel atmospheric drought treatment in outdoor mesocosms with and without a co‐occurring soil drought treatment. At California State University, Los Angeles, we monitored relative humidity, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit every 10 min for 5 months in bare‐ground, open‐top mesocosms treated with soil drought (reduced watering) and/or atmospheric drought (silica dehumidification packets suspended 12 cm above soil). We found that silica packets dehumidified these mesocosm microclimates most effectively (−5% RH) when combined with reduced soil water, regardless of the ambient humidity levels of the surrounding air. Further, packets increased microclimate vapor pressure deficit most effectively (+0.4 kPa) when combined with reduced soil water and ambient air temperatures above 20°C. Finally, packets simulated atmospheric drought most consistently when replaced within 3 days of deployment. Our results demonstrate the use of silica packets as effective dehumidification agents in outdoor drought experiments. We emphasize that incorporating atmospheric drought in existing soil drought experiments can improve our understandings of the ecological impacts of drought.
A framework and review of evidence of the importance of coral reefs for marine birds in tropical ecosystems
Authors: Cumming Graeme S. , James Nicholas L. , Chua Chia Miin , Huertas Victor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs global heating and other anthropogenic influences alter tropical marine environments, it is unclear how marine bird populations will be impacted and whether their current roles in tropical marine ecosystems will change. Although marine birds roost and breed on tropical islands in large numbers, the direct trophic interactions between these birds and their prey across the tropics are poorly documented. We present a first framework for evaluating the dependence on and contributions of marine birds to tropical coral reef ecosystems and use it to examine the evidence for different kinds of interaction, focusing primarily on avian diets. We found 34 publications between 1967 and 2023 that presented a total of 111 data sets with enough detail for quantitative dietary analysis of tropical marine birds. Only two bird species out of 37 (5.4%) had diets of >50% coral reef fishes and only one, the Pacific Reef Egret, appeared to depend almost entirely on reef‐based production. Marine birds are also prey for other marine organisms, but insufficient data are available for quantitative analysis. Evidence for indirect effects of birds in tropical marine environments is stronger than for direct dependence on coral reefs, particularly in relation to nutrient concentration and the fertilisation impacts of guano on corals. Dispersal of propagules (e.g. seeds, spores, invertebrate eggs) by bathing, drinking, resting or foraging birds is under‐studied and poorly documented. Although the degradation of coral reefs appears unlikely to have a significant direct impact on food availability for most marine bird populations, indirect effects involving marine birds may be disrupted by global environmental change.
How do microtine rodent abundance, snow and landscape parameters influence pine marten Martes martes population dynamics?
Authors: Angoh Siow Yan Jennifer , Nergaard Petter Johannes , Jahren Torfinn , Odden Morten , Brainerd Scott Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pine marten (Martes martes) occupies the northernmost extent of its distribution in Norway, where microtine rodents are an important food item. The relationship between microtine rodent abundance and pine marten population dynamics is not well understood. In this paper, we examined this relationship and tested if environmental factors (e.g. snow depth, elevation, mature spruce forest density and agricultural land density) modulate pine marten population dynamics. We calculated pine marten abundance indices using data collected from 593 unique snow transects surveyed between 2003 and 2014 in Hedmark, Norway. We employed a Partial Rate Correlation Function to identify potential cyclicity in pine marten populations. We did not observe any cyclical patterns in pine marten populations within our short time series. Instead, their population appeared to be directly density‐dependent. Although the population growth rate of pine marten tended to increase with increasing elevation, it was not affected by individual variables including a microtine rodent abundance index and snow depth. However, the annual growth rate of pine marten populations was positively affected by the interaction between the microtine rodent abundance index and increasing elevation. Pine marten abundance increased with microtine rodent abundance, elevation, snow depth and density of mature spruce forest, but decreased with increasing agricultural land density. Pine martens are opportunistic diet generalists that can switch between prey and cache food for later consumption. They are also strongly territorial with delayed implantation and are slow to respond to environmental changes due to their relatively low reproductive potential. These life‐history traits may mitigate the effects of fluctuating microtine rodent abundance on pine marten reproduction and survival. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that microtine rodents still serve as important prey which can influence the population dynamics of pine martens in higher elevation habitats where alternative prey may be less available.
Effect of phosphorylated long‐chain inulin on the quality characteristics of fresh noodles
Authors: Che Jiaxin , Luo Denglin , Bai Zhouya , Zhao Yingyu , Yue Chonghui , Li Peiyan , Wang Libo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, phosphorylation was employed to modify long‐chain inulin (PFXL) with the aim of improving the hydrophilicity and stability, thereby enhancing the nutritional value and quality of fresh wheat noodles. The textural characteristics, color, moisture distribution, and microstructure of the fresh noodles, as well as the secondary structure and disulfide bond content of gluten protein, were analyzed. The results indicate a significant enhancement in the quality of fresh noodles with the addition of PFXL. Specifically, the substitution of 6.0% PFXL for wheat flour yielded the highest springiness and whiteness in the fresh noodles. PFXL addition facilitated the transition of tightly bound water to weakly bound and free water within the noodle system, thereby contributing to the softness of the noodles. Furthermore, the introduction of 6% PFXL promoted the formation of a greater number of hydrogen and disulfide bonds, resulting in a higher content of α‐helix and β‐sheet structures. This collective effect served to enhance the overall quality of the noodles. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential applications of long‐chain inulin and offer compelling evidence for the production of high‐quality dietary fiber noodles.
Synthesis and Theoretical Evaluation of New Copper(II) Complexes Associated with a Crystalline Schiff Base: DNA/BSA Protein Interaction, Radical Scavenging and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Sharma Himanshi , Pathak Madhvesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA crystalline dihydroxy substituted Schiff base ligand [LH] was involved in the synthesis of three copper(II) complexes viz [Cu(LH)2] (Cu1), [Cu(LH)(bpy)] (Cu2) and [Cu(LH)(phen)] (Cu3) (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine and phen=1,10‐phenanthroline). FTIR, ESI‐MS, elemental analysis, ESR studies and NMR techniques were employed to characterize all the newly synthesized compounds. Monoclinic structure with space group P21/n of ligand (LH) was confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. The molecular structure of ligand and complexes were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/LanL2DZ levels in the gas phase. According to DFT investigations Cu1 exhibits tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry around Cu(II) while Cu2 and Cu3 appeared in penta‐coordination as distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. UV‐Vis, fluorescence and viscosity titrations were used to examine the metal complex interactions with CT‐DNA and BSA protein. The binding results suggest that the complexes bind to DNA via groove binding mode. Molecular docking was performed to analyse the binding interaction of complexes with BSA and DNA. Antioxidant investigation indicates that the Cu1 possesses remarkable ability to scavenge radicals against DPPH due to the lowest IC50 value 211.20 μg/mL. In‐vitro cytotoxicity was assessed against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells where Cu1 was found to have superiority in cytotoxicity with IC50 value 52.35 μm over other analogues. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining analysis of Cu1 were used to determine apoptosis as the cause of cell death.
Criterion‐related validity and reliability of the standing long jump test in adults: The Adult‐Fit project
Authors: Marin‐Jimenez Nuria , Perez‐Bey Alejandro , Cruz‐Leon Carolina , Conde‐Caveda Julio , Segura‐Jimenez Victor , Castro‐Piñero Jose , Cuenca‐Garcia Magdalena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the criterion‐related validity and the reliability of the standing long jump test (SLJ) for evaluating the lower‐body explosive muscular strength in adults. A total of 410 adults participated in this study. Sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, laboratory lower‐body muscular strength tests, and the field‐based SLJ were performed. In validity analysis, stepwise regression analysis showed that maximal horizontal power, sex, percentage of body fat, maximal horizontal force, and lean mass were significantly associated with the SLJ distance (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.001). Reliability analysis showed significant differences between test–retest in the SLJ test, with an overestimation of the second measurement compared to the first [12.14 ± 14.46 cm, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94 (0.75–0.97), p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.31]. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 7.06% and the minimal detectable change (MDC90) was 29 cm. After a learning period, higher reliability values were found [0.45 ± 1.04 cm, ICC = 1.00 (0.99–1.00); p = 0.001; CV = 0.53 %; MDC90 = 1 cm]. The SLJ test may be a valid tool to assess lower‐body explosive muscular strength in the adult population. A learning period may be necessary to provide reliability on the SLJ test.
Effectiveness of perampanel for focal seizures determined by interictal gamma oscillation regularity analysis
Authors: Okabe Junya , Sato Yosuke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough perampanel (PER) has received approval as an antiseizure medication, reports quantifying its antiseizure effects using electroencephalography (EEG) remain scarce. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the interictal high gamma oscillation regularity (GOR) on scalp EEG is an excellent marker of epileptogenicity. Herein, we investigated whether the antiseizure effect of PER could be quantified through interictal GOR analysis of scalp EEG data. To investigate this, we examined the interictal GOR from 20 s of scalp EEG data before and after PER administration collected from five patients with epilepsy with focal seizures. Prior to PER administration, each patient presented with localized areas with high GOR consistent with brain lesions or seizure semiology. In all patients, the seizures improved following PER administration, and the localized high GOR, which is considered an epileptogenic focus, disappeared. These results indicate that interictal GOR analysis may be a useful tool for the quantitative assessments of the antiseizure effects of PER in focal epilepsy.Plain Language SummaryThis study explored whether perampanel (PER)'s antiseizure effects can be quantified using interictal high gamma oscillation regularity (GOR) analysis from scalp EEG data. Analyzing 20‐second EEG segments before and after PER administration in five patients with focal epilepsy, we found that high GOR areas, indicative of epileptogenic foci, disappeared following PER administration. The results suggest that interictal GOR analysis could effectively quantify the antiseizure effects of PER.
Clinicians' confidence in diagnosing atypical anorexia nervosa: An experimental study of the role of patient and clinician characteristics
Authors: Beard Jessica , Wade Tracey D. , Waller Glenn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis experimental study investigated the weight loss parameters and resulting end weight that influence clinician confidence in diagnosing atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN).MethodsClinicians (N = 67) read a series of vignettes where patient weight loss and end weight varied, then rated their confidence in an AAN diagnosis and alternatives. Using repeated measures ANOVAs, we examined patient (weight loss, end weight) and the possible relationship between clinician (e.g., age, profession) characteristics and confidence in diagnosing AAN.ResultsClinicians were most confident in an AAN diagnosis when patients had lost 10% or 15% of their body weight, leaving them at a high or normal weight. Clinicians considered 5% as significant weight loss for AAN, but only when the patient ended at a high or normal weight. However, they did not clearly differentiate AAN from unspecified feeding and eating disorder (UFED) when there was a 5% weight loss resulting in high or normal end weight. Clinician characteristics did not impact on confidence in diagnoses.ConclusionThe DSM's ‘significant weight loss’ criterion leaves room for clinicians to interpret it idiosyncratically. The lack of a clear pattern of UFED and AAN diagnosis has important clinical implications, as UFED tends to be dismissed as being less serious.
Chemical composition, functional properties, physico‐chemical properties, and techno‐functional characteristics of Satureja protein hydrolysate stabilized in a gelatin matrix
Authors: Obeidnejad Elham , Kavoosi Gholamreza , Saharkhiz Mohammad Jamal , Shafiee Sayed Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current evaluation was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and functional properties of protein hydrolysates from different Satureja species. The major amino acids (mg/100 g protein) in the protein from different Satureja species were arginine (6.06–14.37), asparagine (1.39–17.06), glutamine (2.42–11.60), glutamic acid (6.34–9.32), beta‐aminoisobutyric acid (3.31–10.29), alanine (4.64–9.59), aspartic acid (5.73–9.54), proline (4.25–8.14), leucine (3.63–5.69), serine (2.64–4.83), lysine (1.89–4.56), glycine (0.96–5.27), valine (2.76–4.83), and phenylalanine (2.86–3.75). Protein hydrolysates from Satureja species exhibited comparable antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.270–0.328 mg/mL), anti‐linoleic acid oxidation (IC50 = 0.231–0.301 mg/mL), anti‐lecithin oxidation (IC50 = 0.198–0.258 mg/mL), anti‐starch oxidation (IC50 = 0.201–0.277 mg/mL), anti‐amylase activity (IC50 = 0.314–0.337 mg/mL), and anti‐lipase activity (IC50 = 0.309–0.369 mg/mL). The physico‐chemical properties of gelatin dispersion were electrical conductivity (1197 microsiemens/cm), osmolarity (190 milliosmol/kg), surface tension (45 mN/m), particle size (179 nm), zeta potential (−48 mV), and viscosity (4.92 mPa.s). Techno‐functional characteristics of freeze‐dried gelatin particles were as follows: water content (7.68%), water solubility (84.57%), water swelling (151.33%), hygroscopicity (38.20%), hydrophobicity (6.50 μg/g), emulsification activity (68.54%), emulsification stability (57.86%), foam expansion activity (56.08%), foam stability (41.84%), oil‐holding capacity (1.96 g/g), and water‐holding capacity (4.45 g/g). Protein hydrolysate causes minor changes in the physico‐chemical and techno‐functional properties of gelatin. The current investigation introduces Satureja protein hydrolysate as a possible functional and techno‐functional ingredient for bioactive food products for treating diabetes and oxidative stress and as a natural preservative for the food industry.
High‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the parietal cortices modulates the neural dynamics underlying verbal working memory
Authors: Arif Yasra , Song Richard W. , Springer Seth D. , John Jason A. , Embury Christine M. , Killanin Abraham D. , Son Jake J. , Okelberry Hannah J. , McDonald Kellen M. , Picci Giorgia , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVerbal working memory (vWM) is an essential limited‐capacity cognitive system that spans the fronto‐parietal network and utilizes the subprocesses of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. With the recent widespread use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, multiple recent studies have examined whether such stimulation may enhance cognitive abilities such as vWM, but the findings to date remain unclear in terms of both behavior and critical brain regions. In the current study, we applied high‐definition direct current stimulation to the left and right parietal cortices of 39 healthy adults in three separate sessions (left anodal, right anodal, and sham). Following stimulation, participants completed a vWM task during high‐density magnetoencephalography (MEG). Significant neural responses at the sensor‐level were imaged using a beamformer and whole‐brain ANOVAs were used to identify the specific neuromodulatory effects of the stimulation conditions on neural responses serving distinct phases of vWM. We found that right stimulation had a faciliatory effect relative to left stimulation and sham on theta oscillations during encoding in the right inferior frontal, while the opposite pattern was observed for left supramarginal regions. Stimulation also had a faciliatory effect on theta in occipital regions and alpha in temporal regions regardless of the laterality of stimulation. In summary, our data suggest that parietal HD‐tDCS both facilitates and interferes with neural responses underlying both the encoding and maintenance phases of vWM. Future studies are warranted to determine whether specific tDCS parameters can be tuned to accentuate the facilitation responses and attenuate the interfering aspects.
The barriers and challenges of using health information technology in medication administration process for pediatrics and neonates: A qualitative study
Authors: Norouzi Somaye , Nematollahi Monirsadat , Ahmadian Leila 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsChildren and neonates are more susceptible to diseases and are a vulnerable group in medication administration (MA). Nurses interact directly with patients, ensuring safety and preventing unintended outcomes. Health Information Technology (HIT) has transformed health care, aiding nurses in decision‐making and treatment responses. Despite its benefits, technology presents challenges that must be overcome to facilitate the nursing practice. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the barriers to HIT use in the process of MA in children and neonates in a developing country.MethodsSemi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 22 health care professionals across seven pediatric and neonatal settings. Also, observations were made of these settings for 3 weeks. A qualitative analysis was performed using the conventional content analysis method, recommended by Colaizzi's seven‐step approach.ResultsThe results showed that the most significant barriers to adopting technology in MA process could be classified into two main categories: “inappropriate management approaches” with two sub‐categories (“Managers' reluctance to adopt new technology”, “lack of adequate budget for hardware resources”), and “resistance to change” with two sub‐categories (“A desire to use conventional (traditional) approaches in care”, “cultural issues and impracticality of providing some specialized technology services”).ConclusionThe findings revealed MA process complexities, which have been insufficiently examined in the current literature. We have highlighted the need for improved “effectiveness of HIT systems in administering medication processes, budget for hardware resources, and managers” interest in using new technology. The present findings can guide the development of more effective and user‐friendly HIT systems in pediatric and neonatal care settings.