bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Pyrochlore Type K2Nb2O6
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Zhou Chao , Zhao Yufei , Shang Lu , Bian Tong , Shao Lei , Shi Feng , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Zhang Tierui 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA novel K2Nb2O6 photocatalyst with pyrochlore structure has been synthesized via a facile one‐pot hydrothermal route with no aid of additives. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic H2 evolution was performed in an aqueous methanol solution under UV light irradiation. The as‐prepared K2Nb2O6 photocatalyst with pyrochlore structure showed higher H2 production activity than that of perovskite KNbO3 and commercial Nb2O5 powders in the absence of cocatalysts, due mainly to its unique crystal and energy band structures. The rate of H2 evolution can be significantly enhanced by loading of Pt nanoparticles. The highest H2 evolution rate of 121 µmol/h was reached when 0.7 wt% Pt nanoparticles were used, which was about 20 times higher than that of pristine K2Nb2O6.
Highly Efficient Au/TiO2 Catalyst for One‐pot Conversion of Nitrobenzene to p‐Aminophenol in Water Media
Authors: Zou Luyao , Cui Yuanyuan , Dai Weilin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAu/TiO2 catalyst is firstly reported to be efficient in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to produce p‐aminophenol with a high PAP selectivity of 81% and overall yield more than 63%. The catalyst is also quite stable and can be reused for at least 4 times with only slight decrease in activity.
An Efficient One‐pot Synthesis of Aryl‐substituted 1‐(Thiazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates via a Hantzsch Synthesis‐Knorr Reaction Sequence
Authors: Gu Chunhui , Zhai Jiaojiao , Jiang Jianan , Liu Hongwei , Wang Lei , Zhu Dunru , Ji Yafei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe treatment of α‐bromoalkyl aryl ketones and 2‐(propan‐2‐ylidene)hydrazine carbothioamide afforded 4‐aryl‐2‐(2‐(propan‐2‐ylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazoles via a Hantzsch‐thiazole synthesis, which reacted with 4‐aryl‐2,4‐diketoesters via a sequential Knorr‐pyrazole reaction to deliver a variety of aryl‐substituted ethyl 1‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates in a one‐pot fashion with moderate to high yields. The key intermediates 4‐aryl‐2,4‐diketoesters, existing as its enolic lithium salt, were synthesized in situ by a high‐yield tert‐BuOLi‐mediated Claisen condensation of alkylphenones and diethyl oxalate. This class of elegant molecule comprises aryl groups on the two different heterocyclic cores, and the configurations of two representative molecules were determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized in a Low Molecular Weight Gel
Authors: Hu Yan , Sun Yanwen , Lu Lu , Huang Xirong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe ternary system of dodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB)/acetone/H2O with appropriate composition can form a gel spontaneously and the gel is stable in hydrophobic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6). Based on the gelation phenomenon we observed, the low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) was first tried to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the UV‐Vis spectra and the bioactivity measurement indicate that the gel is suitable for the immobilization of HRP. The direct electrochemistry of the HRP‐gel modified GCE (HRP‐gel/GCE) in [Bmim]PF6 shows a pair of well‐defined and quasi‐reversible redox peaks with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) being 14.4 s−1, indicating that the direct electron transfer between HRP and GCE is fast. The HRP‐gel/GCE is stable and reproducible. Also the electrode exhibits good electrocatalytic effect on the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), showing good promise in bioelectrocatalysis.
Patterns of Long‐term Thienopyridine Therapy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With Coronary Stenting: Observations From the TIMI‐38 Coronary Stent Registry
Authors: Bonaca Marc P. , Murphy Sabina A. , Miller Debra , Herrman Jean‐Paul R. , Gottlieb Shmuel , Keltai Matyas , Menozzi Alberto , Nicolau José C. , Widimsky Petr , Antman Elliott M. , Wiviott Stephen D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is not known. Factors influencing DAPT duration are not well described.HypothesisWe hypothesized that continued DAPT 12 months beyond ACS would be associated with patient factors such as stent type and that it may be associated with lower rates of ischemic events.MethodsThe TIMI 38 Coronary Stent Registry (CSR) followed patients who completed the TRITON‐TIMI 38 trial, received a stent, and were alive and event free. Continuation of DAPT was determined by the treating physician.ResultsThe CSR enrolled 2110 patients (1679>12 months from index ACS) and followed for a median of 2.1 additional years. DAPT was continued in 554 (26%) and was more likely to be continued in patients with drug‐eluting stents (DES; 54%) and in North America. The rate of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke was 2.35% per year, and 13 patients (0.6%) experienced Academic Research Consortium definite or probable ST. Recurrent ischemic events were similar between patients who continued thienopyridine therapy and those who stopped at registry entry (P = 0.74 for cardiovascular death/MI/stroke; P = 0.72 for definite or probable ST). After propensity score adjustment, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular death/MI/stroke (P = 0.55) or bleeding (P = 0.51) with prolonged DAPT.ConclusionsPatients stabilized for a year after ACS and stenting have low rates of ST relative to overall cardiovascular events. The decision to continue DAPT maybe associated with stent type (DES vs bare‐metal stent) and region.
Synthesis, crystal structure and electrocatalytic behavior of a copper (II) complex derived from acylpyrazolone double Schiff bases
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Hui , Li Jin‐Zhou , Zhang Heng‐Qiang , Li Peng 
Published: February 2014

A new double Schiff base complex, Cu(PMαFP)2en (HPMαFP = 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐(2‐furoyl)‐5‐pyrazolone, en = ethylenediamine), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, fluorescence spectra, thermal analysis, X‐ray single crystal diffraction and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Its crystal structure is monoclinic with space group Pbca and cell parameters: a = 22.263(3)Å, b = 13.671(2)Å, c = 10.0920(16)Å, Z = 4, S = 1.028, R1 = 0.0500 and wR2 = 0.1285. It was found that the Cu2+ ion is located in the coordination center. The Cu(II) has a slightly distorted plane quadrilateral coordination environment with two oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms of double Schiff base ligand in the equatorial plane. The complex has a one‐dimensional chain supramolecular structure, which is connected by CH…N bonding interactions. In the electrochemical experiments, the CV curve displays an oxidation peak in the presence of uric acid with Ep = 0.216V in pH = 7.0, showing that the Cu(PMαFP)2en/glassy carbon modified electrode has an electrocatalytic activity toward uric acid.
Crystallisation and performance characteristics of high‐temperature annealed electroless Ni‐W‐P coatings
Authors: Liu H. , Yao H. L. , Liu Y. , Thompson G.E. , Liu Z. 
Published: February 2014

Electroless deposition of Ni–P based alloys is a well‐known commercial process that has numerous applications because of their excellent anticorrosive and wear properties. However, for some special occasions, like the components for gas making furnaces in chemical fertiliser industry, the coatings must be reinforced to withstand short‐term high temperatures between 600 °C and 700 °C as well as light erosive wear. Therefore, co‐deposition of high melting point metallic element, W, has been considered as a preferred choice. In the present study, two Ni–W–P alloy coatings were deposited on mild steel panels from different alkaline baths. The microstructures of the annealed coatings were characterised by quantitative XRD, XPS and SEM/EDS analysis techniques and their microhardness, friction and wear behaviour, corrosion mechanism as well as microstrain and residual stress are discussed in comparison with the as‐plated state. The results indicate that the hardness mainly depends on the volume fraction and crystallite size of Ni3P phase; the uniform corrosion in sulfuric acid solution is closely related to the ratio of INi/INi3P as well as grain size. The wear mechanism of the high‐temperature annealed coating is dominated by abrasive wear, but the wear in the early stages started from mild adhesive wear caused by adhesion between the friction couples. Electroless deposited Ni‐W‐P alloys with high phosphorus present relatively good properties, including hardness, wear and corrosion resistance when 700 °C is applied for annealing process.
SWIFT—scalable clustering for automated identification of rare cell populations in large, high‐dimensional flow cytometry datasets, Part 2: Biological evaluation
Authors: Mosmann Tim R. , Naim Iftekhar , Rebhahn Jonathan , Datta Suprakash , Cavenaugh James S. , Weaver Jason M. , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA multistage clustering and data processing method, SWIFT (detailed in a companion manuscript), has been developed to detect rare subpopulations in large, high‐dimensional flow cytometry datasets. An iterative sampling procedure initially fits the data to multidimensional Gaussian distributions, then splitting and merging stages use a criterion of unimodality to optimize the detection of rare subpopulations, to converge on a consistent cluster number, and to describe non‐Gaussian distributions. Probabilistic assignment of cells to clusters, visualization, and manipulation of clusters by their cluster medians, facilitate application of expert knowledge using standard flow cytometry programs. The dual problems of rigorously comparing similar complex samples, and enumerating absent or very rare cell subpopulations in negative controls, were solved by assigning cells in multiple samples to a cluster template derived from a single or combined sample. Comparison of antigen‐stimulated and control human peripheral blood cell samples demonstrated that SWIFT could identify biologically significant subpopulations, such as rare cytokine‐producing influenza‐specific T cells. A sensitivity of better than one part per million was attained in very large samples. Results were highly consistent on biological replicates, yet the analysis was sensitive enough to show that multiple samples from the same subject were more similar than samples from different subjects. A companion manuscript (Part 1) details the algorithmic development of SWIFT. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Drug‐drug interaction and doping, part 2: An in vitro study on the effect of non‐prohibited drugs on the phase I metabolic profile of stanozolol
Authors: Mazzarino Monica , de la Torre Xavier , Fiacco Ilaria , Botrè Francesco 
Published: February 2014

The present study was designed to provide preliminary information on the potential impact of metabolic drug‐drug interaction on the effectiveness of doping control strategies currently followed by the anti‐doping laboratories to detect the intake of prohibited agents. In vitro assays based on the use of human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 isoforms were developed and applied to characterize the phase I metabolic profile of the prohibited agent stanozolol, both in the absence and in the presence of substances (ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, cimetidine, ranitidine, and nefazodone) not included in the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances and methods and frequently administered to athletes.The results show that the in vitro model utilized in this study is adequate to simulate the in vivo metabolism of stanozolol. Furthermore, our data showed that ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and nefazodone caused a marked modification in the production of the metabolic products (3’‐hydroxy‐stanozolol, 4β‐hydroxy‐stanozolol and 16β‐hydroxy‐stanozolol) normally selected by the anti‐doping laboratories as target analytes to detect stanozolol intake. On the contrary, moderate variations were registered in the presence of cimetidine and no significant modifications were measured in the presence of ranitidine. This evidence confirms that the potential effect of drug‐drug interactions is duly taken into account also in anti‐doping analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left–right asymmetry in the sea urchin
Authors: Warner Jacob F. , McClay David R. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe sea urchin is a penta‐radial marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata, yet sea urchins develop initially as bilaterally symmetric embryos and become penta‐radial secondarily during development of the adult. Late in embryogenesis indirectly developing larvae produce molecular asymmetries that dictate the positioning and formation of the adult rudiment on the left side. The rudiment gives rise to the radially symmetric adult during metamorphosis. The mechanism of left–right (L–R) establishment in sea urchin involves highly conserved signaling pathways including Nodal, BMP, Notch, and perhaps Hedgehog. Thus, L–R symmetry‐breaking in the sea urchin appears to utilize a mechanism that is conserved among deuterostomes. At the same time establishment of L–R symmetry in the sea urchin deploys a number of features that are mechanistically unique. Here we review this mechanism and the uncertainties that remain. genesis 52:481–487, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting leaf traits of herbaceous species from their spectral characteristics
Authors: Roelofsen Hans D. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Kooistra Lammert , Witte Jan‐Philip M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTrait predictions from leaf spectral properties are mainly applied to tree species, while herbaceous systems received little attention in this topic. Whether similar trait–spectrum relations can be derived for herbaceous plants that differ strongly in growing strategy and environmental constraints is therefore unknown. We used partial least squares regression to relate key traits to leaf spectra (reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance) for 35 herbaceous species, sampled from a wide range of environmental conditions. Specific Leaf Area and nutrient‐related traits (N and P content) were poorly predicted from any spectrum, although N prediction improved when expressed on a per area basis (mg/m2 leaf surface) instead of mass basis (mg/g dry matter). Leaf dry matter content was moderately to good correlated with spectra. We explain our results by the range of environmental constraints encountered by herbaceous species; both N and P limitations as well as a range of light and water availabilities occurred. This weakened the relation between the measured response traits and the leaf constituents that are truly responsible for leaf spectral behavior. Indeed, N predictions improve considering solely upper or under canopy species. Therefore, trait predictions in herbaceous systems should focus on traits relating to dry matter content and the true, underlying drivers of spectral properties.
The case for character displacement in plants
Authors: Beans Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe evidence for character displacement as a widespread response to competition is now building. This progress is largely the result of the establishment of rigorous criteria for demonstrating character displacement in the animal literature. There are, however, relatively few well‐supported examples of character displacement in plants. This review explores the potential for character displacement in plants by addressing the following questions: (1) Why aren't examples of character displacement in plants more common? (2) What are the requirements for character displacement to occur and how do plant populations meet those requirements? (3) What are the criteria for testing the pattern and process of character displacement and what methods can and have been used to address these criteria in the plant literature? (4) What are some additional approaches for studying character displacement in plants? While more research is needed, the few plant systems in which character displacement hypotheses have been rigorously tested suggest that character displacement may play a role in shaping plant communities. Plants are especially amenable to character displacement studies because of the experimental ease with which they can be used in common gardens, selection analyses, and breeding designs. A deeper investigation of character displacement in plants is critical for a more complete understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that permit the coexistence of plant species.
Metapopulations of endangered Maculinea butterflies are resilient to large‐scale fire
Authors: Nowicki Piotr , Marczyk Jacek , Kajzer‐Bonk Joanna 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHistorically, fires were frequent events in many grassland habitats and important factors shaping their biodiversity. Nowadays, although mostly prevented, they still happen occasionally. Using the occasion of an extensive fire that occurred at the floodplain meadow complex in the Vistula river valley, southern Poland, in March 2012, we investigated its impact on one of the largest European metapopulations of endangered Maculinea teleius and Maculinea nausithous butterflies. Maculinea are regarded as flagships of grassland conservation and useful indicators of insect species richness. Over 50 local populations of both butterflies, intensively monitored with catch‐per‐time‐unit method, proved to act as independent demographic units, and no spatial autocorrelation in their year‐to‐year trends was detected. The changes in butterfly abundances between summer season of 2011 and 2012 indicated absolutely no impact of fire. Although about one fifth of area was burnt, the entire metapopulations remained unaffected. The changes of 14 local populations inhabiting burnt meadows were not significantly different from those at meadows spared by the fire. Moreover, population changes in the former group were independent of the proportion of burnt area. The impact of fire was obviously minimized by its early spring timing, but in this part of Europe, grassland fires prevail in this period because of a combination of ecological and climatic factors. Together with the lack of a negative effect of flood documented in an earlier study, our findings indicate strong resilience to natural catastrophes in the investigated butterfly species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Non‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tertiary Phosphine Sulfides by Regioselective Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides to Alkenes
Authors: Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Artem'ev Alexander V. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Borodina Tatyana N. , Smirnov Vladimir I. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn atom‐economic green synthesis of tertiary phsophine sulfides has been developed based on catalyst‐ and solvent‐free addition of secondary phosphine sulfides to diverse terminal and internal alkenes (hept‐1‐ene, cyclohexene, styrenes, allyl alcohol, vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfides, vinyltrimethylsilane, 1‐vinylimidazoles, vinyl acetate). The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (80 °C, without solvent, 4–45 h) to afford chemo‐ and regioselectively the corresponding anti‐Markovnikov adducts in excellent to quantitative yields (50–99 %).
Determination of amino acids by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography laser induced fluorescence method
Authors: Lin Wei‐Cheng , Liu Wan‐Ling , Tang Wei‐Ying , Huang Chin‐Ping , Huang Hsi‐Ya , Chin Ting‐Yu 
Published: February 2014

In this study, detection of 20 FITC‐derivatized amino acids using an MEEKC‐LIF was demonstrated. In order to achieve good separation for hydrophobic amino acids, the MEEKC method was employed and detection limits were obtained in the range of 0.32–2.2 nM, which is comparable to previous reports on amino acid analyses. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the reaction time from 1 h for conventional derivatization to 3 min for the microwave‐assisted derivatization was observed and achieved, as opposed to the traditional pretreatment of real sample due to its complexity prior to the analysis of amino acid content. Finally, this microwave‐assisted derivatization MEEKC‐LIF method successfully determined amino acids in beverage, food, and biological samples (rat brain) with good recovery.
Seismic response analysis of slender bridge piers
Authors: Tubaldi E. , Tassotti L. , Dall'Asta A. , Dezi L. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYMany bridges are built on tall and slender piers, whose seismic response may be strongly influenced by second‐order effects and higher modes contributions related to the distributed pier mass. In bridge design practice, the second‐order effects are often taken into account by introducing amplification factors based on an oversimplified SDOF description of the pier behavior.In this paper, the influence of both axial load and higher‐order modes on the dynamic behavior and seismic response of slender bridge piers is investigated by an analytical formulation and a continuous model that overcome some limitations of the models employed in previous studies. A dimensional analysis of the eigenvalue problem is carried out to make explicit the characteristic parameters governing the system dynamic behavior, and a parametric study is performed to study their influence on the modal properties. Further, a solving method is proposed for the seismic analysis and applied to a realistic bridge. The accuracy of the proposed model and of the kinematic assumptions, leading to a linear problem, is finally tested by comparison with the results obtained by a large displacement formulation.The case study results put in evidence some aspects characteristic of the dynamic behavior of slender piers that require further investigation. The proposed analytical formulation may be efficiently used to perform extensive parametric studies for different pier and seismic input properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.