bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical interaction of anti-HCV telaprevir with the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein
Authors: Fujita Yuria , Noguchi Kohji , Suzuki Tomonori , Katayama Kazuhiro , Sugimoto Yoshikazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/ABCB1 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ABCG2 are involved in the intestinal absorption and renal excretion of various substrate drugs. Their activities affect sub-therapeutic drug concentrations and excretion of natural transporter substrates. The new oral anti-HCV drug telaprevir has dramatically improved the efficacy of hepatitis-C virus (HCV) treatment, and recent studies have suggested a possible pharmacological interaction between telaprevir and P-gp. We studied the kinetics ofin vitrointeractions between telaprevir and P-gp and BCRP to understand the molecular basis of that interaction.FindingsThe effect of telaprevir on P-gp- and BCRP-mediated transport was evaluated by anin vitrovesicle transporter assay using different transport substrates, and the kinetics of transporter inhibition was determined. The results showed that telaprevir could inhibit P-gp- and BCRP-mediated transport in thein vitrovesicle transport assay, with each IC50values of ≈ 7 μmol/L and ≈ 30 μmol/L, respectively. Analyses of Lineweaver–Burk plots showed that telaprevir was likely to be a competitive inhibitor against P-gp and BCRP. Photoaffinity labeling experiments were employed to observe competitive inhibition by telaprevir using iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) as a binding substrate for P-gp and BCRP. These experiments revealed that telaprevir inhibited [125I]-IAAP-binding with P-gp and BCRP.ConclusionTelaprevir competitively inhibited P-gp and BCRP, and P-gp-mediated transport was more sensitive to telaprevir compared with BCRP-mediated transport. These data suggest that telaprevir represses the transporter functions of P-gp and BCRPviadirect inhibition.
Metabolic syndrome and the early detection of impaired glucose tolerance among professionals living in Beijing, China: a cross sectional study
Authors: Zeng Ping , Zhu Xuefeng , Zhang Yi , Wu Sinan , Dong Jun , Zhang Tiemei , Wang Shu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components with the risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in high risk urban professionals. The goal is to improve the selection of candidates who would most benefit from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods
This is a cross sectional study in which MS was identified by both the definitions proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).

Results
There were 928 eligible subjects in the study, and 23.9% of them failed in OGTT. The odds ratio of IGT was increased 3.16-fold for MS defined by the NCEP criteria and 2.79-fold for the hyperglycemia factor alone. Both MS and hyperglycemia were shown to be acceptable measures to discriminate subjects with IGT from those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The clustering of any 1, 2, or ≥3 metabolic components resulted in increased odds ratios for IGT: i.e., 1.71, 2.38 and 5.92, respectively. Even without hyperglycemia in the cluster, an increased odds ratio was still observed. The risk of IGT increased dramatically when the fasting plasma glucose and waist circumference were both at their highest defined level.

Conclusions
MS and its components are associated with the increased risk of IGT. People with MS, one of its components, especially hyperglycemia and central obesity, or a cluster of its components are strong candidates for an OGTT in order to achieve early cost-effective detection of IGT.
The binomial edge ideal of a pair of graphs
Authors: Ene Viviana , Herzog Jürgen , Hibi Takayuki , Qureshi Ayesha Asloob 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe introduce a class of ideals generated by a set of 2-minors of an (m×n)-matrix of indeterminates indexed by a pair of graphs. This class of ideals is a natural common generalization of binomial edge ideals and ideals generated by adjacent minors. We determine the minimal prime ideals of such ideals and give a lower bound for their degree of nilpotency. In some special cases we compute their Gröbner basis and characterize unmixedness and Cohen–Macaulayness.
Consumer Choice in Health Insurance Exchanges: Can We Make It Work?
Authors: Nadash Pamela , Day Rosemarie 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), consumer choice plays a critical role: it drives the competitive market in health insurance plans that will operate through health insurance exchanges. As the 2014 deadline for establishing exchanges approaches, states face choices: they can either allow the federal government to manage an exchange on their behalf; take on a minimalist role by managing a state exchange or partnering with the federal exchange; or assume an activist role — by aiming to influence the price, design, and quality of the health insurance options available through exchanges and taking steps to support consumers' ability to choose among these options. This article discusses states' choices and the governance issues that they raise, first by describing the extent of discretion that states have in shaping the range of health plans on offer as well as the issues they will need to consider in choosing an exchange model. We then discuss the considerable body of evidence that addresses how people behave in individual insurance markets, concluding that it strongly supports the need for states to take an active role in shaping health insurance exchanges and ensuring that they support consumer choice.
Self-aggregation of Synthetic Zinc Hydroxylated Chlorophyll Derivatives inside Aqueous Micelles: Neighboring Effect of Additional O-Functional Groups
Authors: Machida Shinnosuke , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Zinc methyl bacteriopheophorbide-d possessing a 1-hydroxyethyl group at the 3-position self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 solution to afford a red-shifted Qy band, but the substitution of hydroxy and acetoxy groups at its 32-position completely disturbed their self-aggregation. Their neighboring groups intramolecularly interacted with the 31-hydroxy group to prevent them from producing chlorosomal J-aggregates.
Integrating small population effects on both detection and persistence probabilities in the design and interpretation of presence/absence surveys.
Authors: Hudgens Brian R. , Garcelon David K. 
Published: November 2013

Determining whether or not a species has been extirpated from part of its range is one of the most important yet difficult challenges facing ecologists. Presence/absence surveys are a primary method to determine local extinction, but negative results are difficult to interpret, particularly when informal sightings appear to support local persistence of elusive species. Such conflicts are particularly likely for rare species, which are the most difficult to detect during a presence/absence survey due to small population size. However, integrating small population effects on both detection and extinction probabilities resolves such conflicts by reframing occupancy questions from present to near future terms. We developed methods for integrating the simultaneous effects of survey effort and population size on detection and extinction probabilities in the design and interpretation of presence/absence surveys. We applied these methods to the design and interpretation of a wolverine survey in Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks, California, USA, to address questions about the appropriateness of translocations from other populations. Ecological applications that can benefit from this type of analysis, simultaneously incorporating small population effects on both detection and population processes, include management of charismatic, yet elusive species, management of disease risk in translocations, and management of nonnative pests.
Lynch Syndrome Presenting as Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Tafe Laura J , Riggs Eleanor R , Tsongalis Gregory J 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common form of the hereditary colon cancer syndromes. Because of its high prevalence, a nationwide campaign has begun to screen all colorectal cancers for the genetic abnormalities associated with LS.

CONTENT
Next to colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer is the most common form of malignancy found in women with LS. Identifying individuals who harbor the well-characterized mismatch-repair gene mutations via immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability analysis, or direct gene sequencing is critical to managing the LS patient and to surveillance for the development of other associated tumor types.

SUMMARY
Although many institutions have begun screening all colorectal tumors for LS, the evidence is sufficient to warrant the testing of all endometrial cancers for LS as well. Various testing algorithms, along with genetic-counseling efforts, can lead to a cost-efficient and beneficial screening program.
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: An Appraisal of the Evidence
Authors: Schnatz Peter F , Manson JoAnn E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSupplementation with vitamin D has received attention as a potential cardioprotective strategy. Biologically plausible mechanisms have been proposed to link vitamin D to coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention, and observational studies suggest an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and CHD. Few randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation and CHD have been conducted, however, and no trial with CHD as the primary prespecified outcome has been completed.CONTENTA search was conducted in PubMed to find prospective studies of the use of vitamin D supplementation and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). The exact search query was: ((vitamin D supplement*[Title/Abstract]) AND cardiovascular [Title/Abstract]) AND prospective [Title/Abstract]. This query yielded 42 results. “Randomized Controlled Trial” (article type) was used as a filter in a subsequent query with the same search terms. We review the evidence that vitamin D supplementation modifies coronary RFs, such as blood pressure, lipids, glucose tolerance, and/or affects the development of clinical CHD events. We address potential sources of confounding in observational epidemiologic studies of the relationship between serum 25OHD and CHD. We also address laboratory assay issues relevant to the reliable measurement of 25OHD.SUMMARYMost vitamin D supplementation trials have not demonstrated improvement in CVD, but they have tested relatively low vitamin D doses. Thus, the evidence remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for rigorous randomized trials of higher vitamin D doses with cardiovascular events as prespecified outcomes. While we await the results of ongoing trials, the recommended dietary allowances from the Institute of Medicine remain the best guidepost for nutritional requirements.
Replacement of Fish Meal by Ribotricin in Diets of Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)
Authors: Pavlov Atanasoff Alexandar 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Waste non-standard fish combined with wheat bran filler in ratio 60:40 were used for production of new non-traditional protein component called Ribotricin. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of the new protein component Ribotricin on growth performance, feed utilization and feed ingredients digestibility of carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) fish. The experiment (90 days) involved 160 carp reared in eight concrete tanks with an initial average weight of 0.046 ± 8.04 g in (RT) tank, and fish with an initial average weight of 0.047 ± 6.52 g in (FM) tanks. The experimental carp were equally divided into two groups of 80 (four replicates of 20 carp each). The obtained results at the end of the experiment, showed no significant differences between the groups` Body Weight (BW), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) (p> 0.05). Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that Ribotricin (RT) can be used as fish meal substitution in the diets of carp fish without adverse effects on the measured parameters.
Role of oestrogens on oxidative stress and inflammation in ageing
Authors: Viña Jose , Gambini Juan , García-García Francisco José , Rodriguez-Mañas Leocadio , Borrás Consuelo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Females live longer than males. We have shown that this could be in part due to the higher levels of oestrogens in females, which protect them against ageing, by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant, longevity-related genes. However, the low concentration of oestrogens makes it unlikely that they exhibit significant antioxidant capacity in the organism. Our results show that physiological concentrations of oestrogens activate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase by oestrogen receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Moreover, when considering oestrogen replacement therapy, it is of utmost importance to take into account when to start the therapy after menopause. We have shown that only early-onset administration of oestrogen replacement therapy is effective on oestrogen deprivation associated with oxidative and metabolic stress. This is due to a change in oestrogen receptor distribution after oestrogen deprivation. Oestrogens are also involved in inflammatory processes. Their role on inflammation is very complex, because their effects are different depending on the doses and also on the oestrogen receptor distribution.
Acoustic parameter investigation of polyvinyl acetate with acetic acid using ultrasonic technique
Authors: Kaur Baljinder , Juglan Kailash C. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of polyvinyl acetate with acetic acid have been measured at a temperature of 299K for different concentrations. Density and viscosity have been measured for a binary liquid mixture with a specific gravity bottle and a viscometer. Ultrasonic velocity has been measured using a single crystal interferometer at a frequency of 2 MHz. Ultrasonic velocities for the binary mixture at 1 MHz and 2 MHz was compared by taking some values from the literature. The sound velocity (V), density (ρ) and viscosity (η) were used to calculate the parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance (Z), intermolecular free length (Lf), ultrasonic attenuation (α/f2) and relaxation time (τ). The variations of experimentally obtained parameters indicate the presence of molecular interaction between the molecules of the mixture. The ultrasonic velocity increased with an increase in concentration. Solute-solvent interaction is further confirmed by viscosity values, which increased with increasing concentration suggesting more association between solute and solvent molecules. The linear variations in Rao’s constant and Wada’s constant suggest the absence of complex formation.
Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT): Urinary Screening and Baseline Biochemical and Cardiovascular Assessments
Authors: Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Woodside John , Jones Timothy , Daneman Denis , Neil Andrew , Prevost Toby , Dalton R. Neil , Deanfield John , Dunger David B. ,   on behalf of the AdDIT Investigators
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
We assessed the association between early increases in albumin excretion and cardiovascular (CV) and renal markers in a large cohort of young people with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
As part of preliminary screening for a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of statins/ACE inhibitors, we measured albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) in six early morning urine samples from 3,353 adolescents (10–16 years of age) and calculated tertiles based on an established algorithm. From those subjects deemed to be at higher risk (upper ACR tertile), we recruited 400 into the intervention study (trial cohort). From those subjects deemed to be at lower risk (middle–lower ACR tertiles), we recruited 329 to the observation cohort. At baseline, vascular measurements (carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity [PWV], flow-mediated dilatation, digital pulse amplitude tonometry), renal markers (symmetric dimethylarginine, cystatin C, creatinine), and CV disease markers (lipids and apolipoproteins [Apo] A-1 and B, C-reactive protein, asymmetric dimethylarginine) were assessed.

RESULTS
Age- and sex-adjusted PWV was higher in the trial than in the observational cohort (5.00 ± 0.84 vs. 4.86 ± 0.70 m/s; P = 0.021). Similarly, non-HDL cholesterol (2.95 ± 0.83 vs. 2.81 ± 0.78 mmol/L; P = 0.02) and ApoB–ApoA-1 ratio (0.50 ± 0.14 vs. 0.47 ± 0.11; P = 0.04) were higher in the trial cohort. Cystatin C and creatinine were decreased (0.88 ± 0.13 vs. 0.90 ± 0.13 mg/L, P = 0.04; 51.81 ± 10.45 vs. 55.35 ± 11.05 μmol/L, P &lt; 0.001; respectively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (137.05 ± 23.89 vs. 129.31 ± 22.41 mL/min/1.73 m2; P &lt; 0.001) increased in the trial compared with the observational cohort.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data demonstrate that in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, the group with the highest tertile of albumin excretion showed more evidence of early renal and CV disease than those in the lower tertiles.
A rough curvature-dimension condition for metric measure spaces
Authors: Bonciocat Anca-Iuliana 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We introduce and study a rough (approximate) curvature-dimension condition for metric measure spaces, applicable especially in the framework of discrete spaces and graphs. This condition extends the one introduced by Karl-Theodor Sturm, in his 2006 article On the geometry of metric measure spaces II, to a larger class of (possibly non-geodesic) metric measure spaces. The rough curvature-dimension condition is stable under an appropriate notion of convergence, and stable under discretizations as well. For spaces that satisfy a rough curvature-dimension condition we prove a generalized Brunn-Minkowski inequality and a Bonnet-Myers type theorem.
Sequence stratigraphic controls on reservoir characterization and architecture: case study of the Messinian Abu Madi incised-valley fill, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Mohamed , Slatt Roger 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Understanding sequence stratigraphy architecture in the incised-valley is a crucial step to understanding the effect of relative sea level changes on reservoir characterization and architecture. This paper presents a sequence stratigraphic framework of the incised-valley strata within the late Messinian Abu Madi Formation based on seismic and borehole data. Analysis of sand-body distribution reveals that fluvial channel sandstones in the Abu Madi Formation in the Baltim Fields, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt, are not randomly distributed but are predictable in their spatial and stratigraphic position. Elucidation of the distribution of sandstones in the Abu Madi incised-valley fill within a sequence stratigraphic framework allows a better understanding of their characterization and architecture during burial.
Strata of the Abu Madi Formation are interpreted to comprise two sequences, which are the most complex stratigraphically; their deposits comprise a complex incised valley fill. The lower sequence (SQ1) consists of a thick incised valley-fill of a Lowstand Systems Tract (LST1)) overlain by a Transgressive Systems Tract (TST1) and Highstand Systems Tract (HST1). The upper sequence (SQ2) contains channel-fill and is interpreted as a LST2 which has a thin sandstone channel deposits. Above this, channel-fill sandstone and related strata with tidal influence delineates the base of TST2, which is overlain by a HST2. Gas reservoirs of the Abu Madi Formation (present-day depth ∼3552 m), the Baltim Fields, Egypt, consist of fluvial lowstand systems tract (LST) sandstones deposited in an incised valley. LST sandstones have a wide range of porosity (15 to 28%) and permeability (1 to 5080mD), which reflect both depositional facies and diagenetic controls.
This work demonstrates the value of constraining and evaluating the impact of sequence stratigraphic distribution on reservoir characterization and architecture in incised-valley deposits, and thus has an important impact on reservoir quality evolution in hydrocarbon exploration in such settings.
Adequacy of Preoperative Counseling and Informed Consent at Shree Birendra Hospital
Authors: Sharma Sharaswati , Joshi Amit 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Preoperative counseling is the physical and psychological preparation of a patient prior to surgery. In recent past, a surge of unrest seen in our country was mostly because of inadequate counseling. There are very limited researches conducted to analyze the adequacy of counseling in surgical patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of counseling in patients admitted for surgical procedure at division of surgery, Shree Birendra Hospital. Methods: A prospective survey was done using set questionnaire to the patients who are admitted for surgery over a period of 2 months (May- July 2012). All Patients who were admitted to Gynaecology, General Surgery, Orthopedic and ear nose and throat (ENT) department for a major elective surgical procedure, were included in this study. Those who have already undergone some surgery in the past or patients admitted for emergency surgery were excluded. Results: Among 100 consecutive patients, 44 patients were graded as inadequately counseled. There were 28 patients who were categorized as illiterate; the counselling was inadequate in17 (60.7%). Among 100 cases, 50 were counseled by the treating doctors, and only 10 (20%) counseling by them were inadequate. Whereas the inadequacy of counseling was 57.69% and 79.16% respectively in those who were counseled by nurses or the family members. Conclusions: Counseling was inadequate in 44% of patients. Inadequacy of counseling was higher in illiterate and if counseling is done by anybody other than treating physician. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/11-13DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9085
Critical Analysis of Cervical and Endometrial Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Panth Rajesh , Malla Dibya Shree 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: This is a retrospective study done in cervical and endometrial biopsy specimens received in the pathology department of Shree Birendra Hospital over a period of one year from 14th April, 2011 to 13th April, 2012. The aims of this study were to analyze the histological findings of cervical and endometrial biopsies and to identify activities needed to critically evaluate these specimens. Methods: The histopathological diagnoses of 104 cervical and 84 endometrial biopsy specimens reported by the pathologists were retrieved. The diagnoses were categorized and correlated with age in order to work out a strategy for better patient management. Results: The majority of 104 cervical biopsies (76.0%) comprised of neoplastic lesions and 83.5% of them were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Among the nonneoplastic lesions, cervical polyps and cervicitis were in the ratio of 3:2. Of the 84 endometrial biopsies analyzed, proliferative endometrium comprised the majority (61.9%) with disordered proliferative being the most common pattern. Detailed information about the patients was minimal including the absence of age in 8.0% of cases. More than 80% of both cervical and endometrial biopsies were performed in the age group 30-59 years of age. Conclusions: Neoplastic lesions comprised the majority of the cervical biopsies while all the endometrial biopsies were nonneoplastic. Important clinical information like age of the patient has to be mentioned in the biopsy request form for useful clinical correlation of histological findings. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/23-28DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9088