bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pedological Characterisation of Some Inland Wetlands and Ramsar Sites in Algeria
Authors: Aliat Toufik , Kaabeche Mohammed , Khomri Hana , Nouri Lilya , Neffar Souad , Chenchouni Haroun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper aims to characterise soils of 12 wetlands, of which ten are Ramsar sites, in the ecocomplex of wetlands of the Hauts Plateaux region in Northeast Algeria. Soil samples from every site were collected following the four cardinal directions, along a transect covering the peripheral vegetation belts, and from two depths of the surface horizon. Each soil sample was analysed to determine electrical conductivity, pH, total carbonates, gypsum, chlorides, bicarbonates, sulfates and the particle size. The soil texture and chemical facies (Cl–SO4–HCO3) of each site were identified and discussed. Changes in physicochemical parameters were tested according to the spatial features of sites (orientations, vegetation transects and sample depth). A great heterogeneity was found between soils of sampled sites. Indeed, soil physicochemical characteristics differed from one site to another and between belts of the natural vegetation within the same site. Overall, the study wetlands were characterised by salty to very salty soils (electrical conductivity = 3·46 ± 2·44 dS m−1), of neutral to alkaline pH (6·9–8·1), moderately calcareous (CaCO3 ranged between 15·7% and 33·7%) and little to extremely gypsiferous (gypsium varied from 2·1% to 39·4%). The dominant soil texture classes were medium textures (loam, sandy loam or silty clay loam). Chemically, chlorides (18·5 ± 16·3 Meq/100 g) and/or sulfates (16·5 ± 12·5 Meq/100 g) dominated soil solutions of these environments but with slight bicarbonate contents (0·6 ± 2·6 Meq/100 g). Moreover, there were poor correlations between physicochemical parameters, which indicates interactions between certain parameters under the effect of specific habitat conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of severe hailstorms and hail risk using weather radar data
Authors: Cică Roxana , Burcea Sorin , Bojariu Roxana 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSevere storms that produce hail of significant amount or size carry a high risk, being responsible for damage at the ground. Hail spawned from these storms can affect crops, automobiles and buildings. A total of 52 hail events that occurred in May 2013 in southern Romania are used to investigate the relation between radar‐derived products and damage produced by hail. Two case studies are also presented to highlight the methodology used in this study.Three‐dimensional single polarization weather radar data were used to derive composite reflectivity, echo top heights, vertically integrated liquid, vertically integrated liquid density and hail kinetic energy flux to detect the hail clouds. Time integration and spatial distribution of these radar products were produced in order to capture the swath, intensity and longevity of the hailstorms. Hail and damage reports were used to link the radar variables to the effects of hailstorms at the ground. Hail size information was arbitrarily broken down into bins of reported hail to investigate the relation between hail size and radar parameters. The results show that the areas where hail and damage were reported are well captured by the footprints and magnitude of the radar variables. The average values of the radar parameters corresponding to hail size bins increase with the increase of hail diameter. A steeper increasing trend characterizes the vertically integrated liquid density and hail kinetic energy flux. The results show a good agreement between weather radar data and surface reports.
Water vapour source identification for daily rain events at Ahmedabad in semi‐arid western India: wind trajectory analyses
Authors: Deshpande R. D. , Dave Medha , Padhya Virendra , Kumar Hrishikesh , Gupta S. K. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe Arabian Sea (AS), the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and continental recycling are three principal vapour sources identified for the rain events at Ahmedabad located in semi‐arid western India. In the present study, the 48 h backward wind trajectories, at 6 h intervals, converging at an altitude of 1.5 km above the ground, for 120 daily rain events during the monsoon seasons of 2005–2008, have been examined using HYsplit Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Temperature, relative humidity, altitude and rainfall along each trajectory were studied at hourly intervals. The temperature and relative humidity data were used to compute the absolute humidity (g m−3) of the air parcel at its location at hourly intervals. The relationship between the height of the air parcel, its relative humidity and rainfall along each trajectory was used to identify the vapour pick‐up region. The region around the maximum value of absolute humidity for each trajectory was designated as the dominant vapour pick‐up region for each rain event at Ahmedabad. In this manner, principal vapour source identification was unambiguously possible for 93.3% of all the 120 rain events. The fraction of total events and the fractions of total rainfall attributable to the three principal vapour sources, respectively, are: AS, 68.3 and 62.1%; BOB, 2.5 and 1.5%; recycled, 22.5 and 24.5%; mixed, 6.7 and 11.8%. Most of the rain events with recycled vapour contribution occur during the latter part of the monsoon season, namely during September.
Dependence of plasmonic enhancement of photocurrent in a‐Si:H on the position and thickness of SiNx spacer layers
Authors: Saleh Zaki M. , Nasser Hisham , Özkol Engin , Bek Alpan , Turan Raşit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlasmonic interfaces integrated to the front, back and both surfaces of photovoltaic thin films show different degrees of enhancement of light trapping. Enhancements in the spectral dependence of photocurrent normalized to the power of excitation light are used as an indicator of enhanced light trapping. In a previous study, we obtained enhancement in the spectral range of 600‐700 nm by integrating 100‐nm Ag nanoparticles to the back surface of a‐Si:H with a critical dependence on the SiNx spacer layer thickness. In this study, we compare the enhancement in photocurrent due to plasmonic interfaces integrated to the front, back and both front and back surfaces of the a‐Si:H absorber. Interfaces integrated to the back result in the largest enhancement in photocurrent while those integrated to the front give the lowest. The marginal enhancements due to two interfaces appear to be mainly due to the back interface. While plasmonics effects may not account for the total enhancement in photocurrent, it explains the relative enhancement in the spectral range of 550‐700 rather well. For all configurations, the enhancement in the spectral dependence of photocurrent is accompanied by broadening into the red of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PV outdoor tests and 12 years of Muğla experiences
Authors: Eke Rustu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the electricity yield of photovoltaic power plant applications in the main campus of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey is presented. There are four small scale grid connected photovoltaic power plants installed in the main campus. They are installed on the top of Menteşe Library of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, on the roof of Turkevi Student Cafeteria, on the façade and on the east and west towers of Staff's Block of the Building of Education Faculty and two double axis tracking systems. The systems are installed in 2001, 2003, 2008 and 2009 with rated powers between 10 kWp and 40 kWp. There are also several lamp‐posts at the campus in various locations. All power plants are monitored from the start up and the collected data are analysed in several conference proceedings and papers individually. This paper summarizes the electricity yield and the performance of photovoltaic power plants by the way that indicator of system quality which is called performance ratio (PR) and efficiency for each photovoltaic power plants, after their installation and also their presentation is itemized. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A seamless weather–climate multi‐model intercomparison on the representation of a high impact weather event in the western Mediterranean: HyMeX IOP12
Authors: Khodayar S. , Fosser G. , Berthou S. , Davolio S. , Drobinski P. , Ducrocq V. , Ferretti R. , Nuret M. , Pichelli E. , Richard E. , Bock O. 
Published: October 2015

High Impact Weather (HIW), particularly Heavy Precipitation Events (HPE), are common phenomena affecting the western Mediterranean (WMED) especially in the autumn period. Understanding and evaluating the capability to adequately represent such events in model simulations is one of the main goals of the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) and the main motivation of this investigation.In order to gain a better knowledge of the model representation of HPE and related processes we perform a seamless multi‐model intercomparison at the event scale. Limited‐area model runs (grid spacing from 2 to 20 km) at weather and climate time‐scales are considered, four with parametrized and five with explicit convection. The performance of the nine models is compared by analysing precipitation, as well as convection‐relevant parameters. An Intensive Observation Period (IOP12) from the HyMeX‐SOP1 (Special Observation Period) is used to illustrate the results. During IOP12, HPE affected the northwestern Mediterranean region, from Spain to Italy, as a consequence of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) which initiated and intensified in the area of investigation.Results show that: (i) the timing of the maximum precipitation seems to be linked to the representation of large‐scale conditions rather than differences among models; (ii) Convection Permitting Models (CPMs) exhibit differences among each other, but better represent the short‐intense convective events. All four convection‐parametrized models produce a large number of weak and long‐lasting events. Regional Climate Models (RCMs) capture the occurrence of the event but produce notably lower precipitation amounts and hourly intensities than CPMs and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models with parametrized convection; (iii) these differences do not seem to come from mean moisture or Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) which are in the same range for all models, but rather from differences in the variability and vertical distribution of moisture and the triggering of deep convection.
Advancing cell wall inhibitors towards clinical applications
Authors: Maffioli Sonia I , Cruz João C S , Monciardini Paolo , Sosio Margherita , Donadio Stefano 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Natural products represent a major source of approved drugs and still play an important role in supplying chemical diversity. Consistently, 2014 has seen new, natural product-derived antibiotics approved for human use by the US Food and Drug Administration. One of the recently approved second-generation glycopeptides is dalbavancin, a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural product A40,926. This compound inhibits bacterial growth by binding to lipid intermediate II (Lipid II), a key intermediate in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Like other recently approved antibiotics, dalbavancin has a complex history of preclinical and clinical development, with several companies contributing to different steps in different years. While our work on dalbavancin development stopped at the previous company, intriguingly our current pipeline includes two more Lipid II-binding natural products or derivatives thereof. In particular, we will focus on the properties of NAI-107 and related lantibiotics, which originated from recent screening and characterization efforts.
A Critical Use of Foucault’s Art of Living
Authors: Huijer Marli 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Foucault’s vocabulary of arts of existence might be helpful to problematize the entwinement of humans and technology and to search for new types of hybrid selves. However, to be a serious new ethical vocabulary for technology, this art of existence should be supplemented with an ongoing critical discourse of technologies, including a critical analysis of the subjectivities imposed by technologies, and should be supplemented with new medical and philosophical regimens for an appropriate use of technologies.
Interaction Between Ionic Liquids and Gemini Surfactant: A Detailed Investigation into the Role of Ionic Liquids in Modifying Properties of Aqueous Gemini Surfactant
Authors: More Utkarsh , Kumari Pallavi , Vaid Zuber , Behera Kamalakanta , Malek Naved I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTuning physicochemical properties of aqueous surfactant solutions comprised of normal or reverse micelles by external additives is of utmost importance due to the enormous application potential of surfactant‐based systems. Unusual and interesting properties of environmentally benign ionic liquids (IL) make them suitable candidates for this purpose. To understand and establish the role of IL in modifying properties of aqueous gemini surfactants, we studied the effect of the IL, 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([Hmim][Br]) and 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([Omim][Br]) on the properties of the aqueous cationic gemini surfactant 1,6‐hexanediyl‐α,ω‐bis(dimethyltetradecyl)ammonium bromide (14‐6‐14,2Br−). The behavioral changes were investigated by measuring the critical micelle concentration (CMC) using electrical conductance, surface tension, dye solubilization and fluorescence probe measurements at 298.15 K. It was observed that the CMC of 14‐6‐14,2Br− gemini surfactant decreases with addition of IL, thus favoring the micellization process. An increase in micellar size was observed at lower IL concentration using dynamic light scattering, with a decrease in aggregation number (Nagg) determined from fluorescence probe quenching measurements. It is noteworthy that the extent of modulation of the micellar properties is different for both the IL due to their structural differences. IL behave like electrolytes at lower concentrations and cosurfactants at higher concentrations and form mixed micelles with the cationic gemini surfactant showing an increase in Nagg.
Hempseed Products Fed to Hens Effectively Increased n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Total Lipids, Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid of Egg Yolk
Authors: Neijat M. , Suh M. , Neufeld J. , House J. D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHempseed products represent potential alternative feed ingredients for poultry. However, their usage is not currently approved due to a lack of data to support their safety and efficacy. In this regard, the current study was conducted to assess the impact of dietary concentration of hempseed (HS) products and duration of their feeding to hens on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of egg yolk lipids. In the current study, 48 Lohmann LSL‐Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages, in a completely randomized design, and provided one of six diets (wheat‐barley‐soybean‐based) containing either HS (10, 20 and 30 %), hempseed oil (HO; 4.5 and 9.0 %) or no hempseed product (control) over 12 weeks. Increasing alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) intake via increasing dietary hempseed product inclusion, significantly (p < 0.0001) increased the n‐3 PUFA contents of yolk total lipid. The values of ALA increased by 12‐fold (152 ± 3.56 and 156 ± 2.42 mg/yolk) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by twofold to threefold (41.3 ± 1.57 and 43.6 ± 1.61 mg/yolk) over the control, for the highest levels of HS and HO inclusion, respectively. Increasing levels of hemp products in laying hen diets proved effective in manipulating the fatty acid profile of the total lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG) and total phospholipid (PL) fractions of yolks, enhancing the n‐3 fatty acids and reducing the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The latter benefit was achieved within 4 weeks of feeding hens either HS‐ or HO‐containing diets.
ARGUING ABOUT INTERVENTION: A COMPARISON OF BRITISH AND FRENCH RHETORIC SURROUNDING THE 1882 AND 1956 INVASIONS OF EGYPT
Authors: THOMAS MARTIN , TOYE RICHARD 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article compares the rhetorical justifications surrounding two landmark instances of Western imperialism. In 1882, the British occupied Egypt, ousting indigenous proto-nationalist forces that supposedly threatened British and other foreign interests. The consequences of this intervention were still being worked out in 1956 when, in the wake of the Cairo regime's nationalization of the Suez Canal, the British again invaded. France participated on this occasion, with serious but differing political consequences for both. We suggest that comparing how the British and French argued about these issues, and also examining how the rhetoric of the later crisis contrasted with the earlier one, offers useful insights into the two nations' respective imperial cultures. Specifically, we suggest that the latter-day imperialists Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet couched their actions in internationalist rhetoric reminiscent both of the Gladstone government's justifications for intervention in 1882 and of French official explanations for their takeover in Tunisia a year earlier. Each claimed their actions were taken both to uphold better standards of governance and to restore regional order, itself a highly loaded concept. The language of imperial domination was eschewed; but the ends of empire were served by the use of this rhetoric of ‘liberal order’.
GROUP HUNTING: RELIGION, POLITICS, AND IDEOLOGY IN LATER STUART BRITAIN
Authors: SOWERBY SCOTT 
Published: October 2015

Early modern groups did not necessarily proclaim themselves. When they did, they were not necessarily groups. The historian must decide when to analyse people as separate individuals and when their commonalities were great enough that they should be considered together. These judgements have been the source of frequent debate. At times, the disagreement has been over the proper label for a group – whether, for instance, ‘puritans’ should instead be called ‘the godly’. In other cases, the very existence of a group has been called into question, with some doubting whether there was a ‘Ranter’ movement in the 1650s. Often, historians debate the coherence of a group, with one prominent scholar questioning whether the first whigs in the late 1670s were organized enough to deserve the appellation of a ‘party’. The vigour of these debates suggests that some of our most important intellectual labours are done when we assign people to groups.
EDUCATIONAL TRAVEL IN PROTESTANT FAMILIES FROM POST-RESTORATION IRELAND
Authors: ANSELL RICHARD 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines travel within a group of Protestant families from Ireland over three generations after the Restoration. It offers both a case-study through which to reassess continental educational voyages, exploring a neglected period between the royalist exile of the 1650s and the mid-eighteenth-century heyday of the Grand Tour, and a contribution to current work on Irish elite formation. Histories of travel often begin as undifferentiated Englishmen or Britons arrive on the French or Dutch coast, but this study is the first to prioritize where travellers came from. Backgrounds, outlooks, and networks from home shaped experiences abroad. The article uses manuscript journals, letters, and financial accounts to locate travel within family educational strategies and to reconstruct preparations and advice. It explores how connections and identifications from home informed interactions with fellow travellers, expatriate communities, and foreign hosts. Travellers pursued two-sided interactions with hosts and destinations, returning with objects, accomplishments, and connections that fed into Irish elite formation. Continental links often feature in explanations of how Catholic Ireland survived, but this article shows that European encounters also contributed to Protestant hegemony. It demonstrates the importance of origins, as well as destinations, to understandings and experiences of educational travel.
Family size and old-age wellbeing: effects of the fertility transition in Mexico
Authors: DÍAZ-VENEGAS CARLOS , SÁENZ JOSEPH L. , WONG REBECA 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to determine how family size affects psycho-social, economic and health wellbeing in old age differently across two cohorts with declining fertility. The data are from the 2012 Mexican Health and Ageing Study (MHAS) including respondents aged 50+ (N = 13,102). Poisson (standard and zero-inflated) and logistic regressions are used to model determinants of wellbeing in old age: psycho-social (depressive symptoms), economic (consumer durables and insurance) and health (chronic conditions). In the younger cohort, having fewer children is associated with fewer depressive symptoms and chronic conditions, and better economic wellbeing. For the older cohort, having fewer children is associated with lower economic wellbeing and higher odds of being uninsured. Lower fertility benefited the younger cohort (born after 1937), whereas the older cohort (born in 1937 or earlier) benefited from lower fertility only in chronic conditions. Further research is needed to continue exploring the old-age effects of the fertility transition.
Influence of current – conducting inserts in a drift tube on transportation of a pulsed electron beam at gigawatt power
Authors: Kholodnaya G.E. , Sazonov R.V. , Ponomarev D.V. , Remnev G.E. , Vikanov A.A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper describes the results of experimental research on the influence of the current-conducting inserts in a drift tube on transportation of a pulsed electron beam at gigawatt power and nanosecond duration. The experimental investigation was conducted using a TEU–500 laboratory-pulsed electron accelerator (parameters of the accelerator: Up to 550 keV; output electron current: 11.5 kA; pulse duration (at half-height): 60 ns; pulse frequency: 5 pulses/s; pulse energy: Up to 280 J). Air was chosen as the propagation medium. The pressure in the drift tube is 50 Torr. It is revealed that the pulsed electron beam transport depends on the geometry of the current-conducting inserts in a drift tube. The direction of the pulsed electron beam propagation can be regulated by changing the geometry of the current-conducting insert. The experimental research was verified by theoretical calculations.
Relativistic-ponderomotive effects on cross-focusing of hollow Gaussian laser beams in plasma
Authors: Sharma Prerana 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present work aims to study the influence of relativistic–ponderomotive effects on cross-focusing of two co-propagating high-power hollow Gaussian laser beams [high-power laser beams (HGLBs)] in collisionless plasma. The effective dielectric constant has been derived on account of relativistic–ponderomotive nonlinearity. The phenomenon of cross-focusing for higher-order modes of HGLB is compared for the case when only relativistic nonlinearity is operative in the system and it is seen that the relativistic–ponderomotive effects make the focusing much stronger and relatively faster. The critical curves for various order of HGLB is discussed and compared with the case when only ponderomotive nonlinearity is present and it reveals that in the case of relativistic–ponderomotive case the spot size reduces effectively. The higher-order modes of propagation of HGLB are also found to be governed by the parameter of another propagating HGLB. The present study is useful in determining the propagation dynamics of HGLB.