bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for systematic discovery of adverse drug events from clinical notes
Authors: Wang Guan , Jung Kenneth , Winnenburg Rainer , Shah Nigam H 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective Adverse drug events (ADEs) are undesired harmful effects resulting from use of a medication, and occur in 30% of hospitalized patients. The authors have developed a data-mining method for systematic, automated detection of ADEs from electronic medical records.Materials and Methods This method uses the text from 9.5 million clinical notes, along with prior knowledge of drug usages and known ADEs, as inputs. These inputs are further processed into statistics used by a discriminative classifier which outputs the probability that a given drug–disorder pair represents a valid ADE association. Putative ADEs identified by the classifier are further filtered for positive support in 2 independent, complementary data sources. The authors evaluate this method by assessing support for the predictions in other curated data sources, including a manually curated, time-indexed reference standard of label change events.Results This method uses a classifier that achieves an area under the curve of 0.94 on a held out test set. The classifier is used on 2 362 950 possible drug–disorder pairs comprised of 1602 unique drugs and 1475 unique disorders for which we had data, resulting in 240 high-confidence, well-supported drug-AE associations. Eighty-seven of them (36%) are supported in at least one of the resources that have information that was not available to the classifier.Conclusion This method demonstrates the feasibility of systematic post-marketing surveillance for ADEs using electronic medical records, a key component of the learning healthcare system.
Molecular data indicate a cryptic species in Neotoma albigula (Cricetidae: Neotominae) from northwestern México
Authors: Bradley Robert D. , Mauldin Matthew R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome- b gene were obtained from 41 specimens of Neotoma albigula from the southwestern United States and northwestern México. Phylogenetic analyses depicted that samples of N. a. melanura from southern Sonora and northern Sinaloa formed a clade separate from representatives of the other sampled subspecies of N. albigula ( albigula , laplataensis , mearnsi , seri , sheldoni , and venusta ). Genetic distances detected between these clades (7.41%) approached divergence levels reported for other sister species of woodrats and indicated that N. a. melanura is presumably a cryptic and genetically differentiated species relative to N . albigula . Analyses of DNA sequences from a nuclear gene (intron 2 of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, Adh 1-I2) indicated that samples of N. a. melanura formed a separate, monophyletic clade relative to the remainder of N. albigula . Further, habitat, geographic distinctions, and morphological differences were apparent between members of the 2 clades. Together, those data support the elevation of N. a. melanura to species status.Secuencias de ADN del gen mitocondrial citocromo- b se obtuvieron de 41 especímenes de Neotoma albigula provenientes del suroeste de los Estados Unidos y del noroeste de México. Análisis filogenéticos revelaron que las muestras de N. a. melanura del sureste de Sonora y del norte de Sinaloa formaron un clado separado de especímenes que representan a las otras subspecies de N. albigula (albigula, laplataensis, mearnsi, seri, sheldoni , y venusta ). Las distancias genéticas detectadas entre estos clados (7.41%) se aproximan a los valores de divergencia reportados para otras especies de ratas magueyeras, indicando que N. a. melanura es presumiblemente una especie críptica y relativamente diferenciada genéticamente de N. albigula . Los análisis de secuencias de ADN de un gen nuclear (intron 2 del gen alcohol deshidrogenasa, Adh -I2) indicaron que las muestras de N. a. melanura formaron un clado separado relativamente a especímenes de N. albigula . Adicionalmente, hábitat, distinciones geográficas, y diferencias morfológicas fueron aparentes entre miembros de los dos clados. Todos estos datos soportan la elevación de N. a. melanura al estatus de especie.
The Laplace resonance in the Kepler-60 planetary system
Authors: Goździewski K. , Migaszewski C. , Panichi F. , Szuszkiewicz E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We investigate the dynamical stability of the Kepler-60 planetary system with three super-Earths. We determine their orbital elements and masses by transit timing variation (TTV) data spanning quarters Q1–Q16 of the Kepler mission. The system is dynamically active but the TTV data constrain masses to ∼4 M⊕ and orbits in safely wide stable zones. The observations prefer two types of solutions. The true three-body Laplace mean-motion resonance (MMR) exhibits the critical angle librating around ≃45° and aligned apsides of the inner and outer pair of planets. In the Laplace MMR formed through a chain of two-planet 5:4 and 4:3 MMRs, all critical angles librate with small amplitudes ∼30° and apsidal lines in planet's pairs are anti-aligned. The system is simultaneously locked in a three-body MMR with librations amplitude ≃10o. The true Laplace MMR can evolve towards a chain of two-body MMRs in the presence of planetary migration. Therefore, the three-body MMR formed in this way seems to be more likely state of the system. However, the true three-body MMR cannot be disregarded a priori and it remains a puzzling configuration that may challenge the planet formation theory.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Factors and Beliefs Reported by Families Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Barbour Worth L. , Rodgers Joel B. , Wang Henry E. , Donnelly John P. , Tapley Amanda M. , Galbraith James W. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives
Adolescents are at greater risk for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to increased risk behaviors. Parental influence is known to reduce adolescent risk behaviors. We compared HIV risk behaviors reported by adolescents to parents' perception of adolescent risky behavior engagement. We also examined participants' knowledge of HIV transmission and testing preferences.

Methods
Participants included English-speaking adolescents and parents presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Participants were interviewed separately in private. Modeled after existing instruments, “adolescent” and “parent” questionnaires included multiple choices items, Likert-type scales, and standard yes/no and true/false options. Data were analyzed using a κ statistic and observed agreement to measure discordance between adolescent and parent responses.

Results
Participants included 126 adolescents and 110 parents. Many adolescents reported ever having sex (61%), of which 32% reported always practicing safe sex. Comparative analysis revealed low agreement between adolescents' risk behaviors and parents' perception of risk behavior engagement by youth. Discordance concerning tobacco use was greatest (κ = 0.13), followed by drug use (κ = 0.19) and ever having sex (κ= 0.19), and alcohol use (κ= 0.22). There was also poor agreement regarding HIV transmission knowledge (ie, oral sex; κ = 0.16). Participants shared strong agreement regarding parental support for adolescent interest in HIV testing (95.5%).

Conclusions
Parents are mostly unaware of adolescents' broad risk behaviors. Participants' knowledge of HIV transmission is limited. Adolescents and parents shared strong agreement regarding HIV testing preferences. Multidimensional HIV prevention strategies aiming to decrease adolescent risk behaviors, increase parental involvement, and improve adolescent and parental knowledge of HIV transmission are needed.
Management of Pediatric Forearm Torus Fractures
Authors: Jiang Nan , Cao Zhen-hua , Ma Yun-fei , Lin Zhen , Yu Bin 
Published: November 2015

Objectives
Pediatric forearm torus fracture, a frequent reason for emergency department visits, can be immobilized by both rigid cast and nonrigid methods. However, controversy still exists regarding the optimal treatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare, in a systematic review, clinical efficacy of rigid cast with nonrigid methods for immobilization of the pediatric forearm torus fractures.

Methods
Literature search was performed of PubMed and Cochrane Library by 2 independent reviewers to identify randomized controlled trials comparing rigid cast with nonrigid methods for pediatric forearm torus fractures from inception to December 31, 2013, without limitation of publication language. Trial quality was assessed using the modified Jadad scale.

Results
Eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 781 participants met all inclusion criteria. The nonrigid methods for immobilization included soft cast, splint, bandage, and slab. Results showed that nonrigid immobilizations had better clinical efficacy than rigid cast regarding functional recovery, treatment cost, and complication rate (relative risk, 3.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.70-5.37; P = 0.0002). Compared with rigid cast, more patients would like to choose the nonrigid methods of immobilization for future use. However, discrepant results sill surrounds the pain levels of the patients.

Conclusions
The current study suggests that the nonrigid immobilization methods have more advantages than rigid cast for immobilization of pediatric forearm torus fracture. The former strategies are also safe enough for clinical therapy.
No exclusions – developing an autism diagnostic service for adults irrespective of intellectual ability
Authors: Davidson Conor James , Kam Alwyn , Needham Frances , Stansfield Alison Jane 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Autism is a spectrum condition, yet many autism services limit access based on IQ score. The Department of Health 2009 enabled enthusiastic clinicians in Leeds with a strong interest in autism to apply for funding to develop an all IQ adult autism diagnostic service and here we present the experience. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– The process of establishing and then expanding the service is described. Details of the diagnostic pathway and tools used are provided.Findings– The number of referrals was higher than expected – a baseline of 20 per year rose to 150 per year as soon as the service opened. Other unexpected findings include relatively low diagnosis rates (32 per cent), high rates of past trauma and patient dissatisfaction when a diagnosis of autism is not given.Originality/value– To date, the service has assessed 517 patients, and plans are underway to collaborate with the local adult ADHD team to form a unified adult neurodevelopmental disorders service.
Dynamic relation of Chinese stock price-volume pre- and post- the Split Share Structure Reform
Authors: Wang Dong-Hua , Qing Nan , Lei Man , Chang Xiaohui 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify the bull and bear regimes in Chinese stock market and empirically analyze the dynamic relation of Chinese stock price-volume pre- and post- the Split Share Structure Reform.Design/methodology/approach– The authors investigate the price-volume relationship in the Chinese stock market before and after the Split Share Structure Reform using Shanghai Composite Index daily data from July 1994 to April 2013. Using a two-state Markov-switching autoregressive model and a modified two-state Markov-switching vector autoregression model, this study identifies bull or bear market and also examine the existence of regime-dependent Granger causality.Findings– Using a two-state Markov-switching autoregressive model, the authors detect structural changes in the market volatility due to the reform, and find evidence of a positive rather than an asymmetric price-volume contemporaneous correlation. There is a strong dynamic Granger causal relation from stock returns to trading volume before and after the reform regardless of the market conditions, but the causal effects of volume on returns are only seen in the bear markets before the reform. The model is robust when using different stock indices and time periods.Originality/value– The work is different from previous studies in the following aspects: most of the existing empirical literature focus on the well-developed economies, but our interest lies in the emerging Chinese market that has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade; in contrast to many works in the literature that examine the price-volume relationship during one market condition, the authors compare the relationship in a bull market with that in a bear market, using a two-state MS-AR model; the authors also employ a modified two-state Markov-switching vector autoregression model to examine the existence of regime-dependent Granger causality; as the most massive systematic reform for the Chinese stock market since its inception in 2005, the Split Share Structure Reform has a profound impact on the Chinese stock market, thus it is of vital importance to explore its effects on both the price-volume relationship and the market structure.
Cross-border M
&
A and the marketing timing of economic crisis
Authors: Li Chang , Chang Philip , Li Shanming , Shi Xinxiang 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Cross-border M
&
A is one of the most important ways of international capital flows, and scholars have paid a lot of attention to this area, but a general explaining model has still not been generated. The purpose of this paper, based on Lambrecht (2004) and Bolton et al. (2013), is to build a general explaining model in this area and use the new model to explain some real world issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The model work in this paper is based on Lambrecht’s (2004) real option model, which is the classical modeling method in this area, and take the economic crisis method of Bolton et al. (2013) into consideration; the authors also use the relative market condition to illustrate the motivation and market timing of cross-border M
&
A in this paper to connected the bidders’ markets and targets’ markets together to build the general explaining model for cross-border M
&
A.

Findings
– By analyzing the new model the authors build in this paper, the authors get three conclusions. Conclusion 1: when the bidders’ technologies are more advanced than the targets’, the bidders prefer market-seeking cross-border M
&
A, and the relatively higher the bidders’ technologies are, the stronger the preference is; when the bidders’ technologies are less advanced than the targets’, the bidders prefer technology-seeking cross-border M
&
A, and there exists an optimal relative technology ratio at which the bidders have the strongest motivation to exercise the technology-seeking type cross-border M
&
A. Conclusion 2: host country’s high economic growth helps attracting market-seeking cross-border M
&
A, conversely host country’s low economic growth helps attracting technology-seeking cross-border M
&
A. Conclusion 3: the bidders prefer to exercise the technology-seeking cross-border M
&
A when the home markets are stable or when economic crises happen in targets markets; and the bidders prefer not to exercise the market-seeking cross-border M
&
A when economic crises happen in home markets; and the relationship between the motivation for bidders to exercise market-seeking cross-border M
&
A and the possibility of the happening of economic crisis in home countries presents an inverse N-shape curve.

Originality/value
– In this paper the authors first use the relative market condition to illustrate the motivation and market timing in the cross-border M
&
A research area and build a general model based on current literatures.
ASVG − Accessible Scalable Vector Graphics: intention trees to make charts more accessible and usable
Authors: Weninger Markus , Ortner Gerald , Hahn Tobias , Drümmer Olaf , Miesenberger Klaus 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to enhance accessibility of graphical information in particular for blind and visually handicapped people.

Design/methodology/approach
– Prototype development based on an intense analysis of the state of the art and potential technologies with later on heuristic analysis of different approaches to enrich graphical information for better accessibility.

Findings
– A novel approach to enhance accessibility named “Intention Tree” for enhancing accessibility. It allows integrating descriptive and navigation information into standard Scalable Vector Graphics and also mechanisms to analyse and aggregate data.

Research limitations/implications
– The approach promises interesting new tools for better accessing and navigating graphical information with potential not only for blind and visually handicapped people.

Practical implications
– Design prototype for further development.

Social implications
– Potential for better social inclusion and participation.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a novel and new approach for enhanced accessibility and usability and a new technique for authoring graphical information.
Central bank’s perception on inflation and inflation expectations of experts
Authors: Montes Gabriel Caldas , Nicolay Rodolfo Tomás da Fonseca 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– Due to the fact that studies on central bank communication in emerging countries are still scarce and there are few studies related to the influence that central bank’s perspectives about the state of the economy have on inflation expectations in emerging economies, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature in the following aspects: it proposes an indicator of the central bank’s perception of inflation based on the minutes of the COPOM meetings, and, it analyzes the influence of central bank communication on expert inflation expectations through such indicator.Design/methodology/approach– Due to the fact that the perception of the Central Bank of Brazil is not directly observable, it is measured through the fuzzy set theory by an indicator that captures the informational content of the minutes of the COPOM meetings. The empirical analysis uses ordinary least squares, the generalized method of moments and vector-autoregressive through impulse-response analysis.Findings– The findings suggest that the expectations of financial market experts react according to the content of the information provided by the central bank, i.e., announcements cause deterioration of expectations in times of instability, and reduce inflation expectations when inflation is controlled. The results also support the idea that the credibility of inflation targeting plays a key role in determining inflation expectations.Practical implications– This paper suggests a new approach on studies about central bank communication. The focus here is not on the effect of the announcements in terms of future monetary policy, but on the perception of the central bank in terms of inflation. This central bank’s perception reflects the optimistic or pessimistic view about the economic outlook and risk of inflation and this perception is considered by experts of financial markets.Originality/value– For Brazil, there are no studies about the influence of communication through the minutes of the Brazilian Monetary Policy Committee meetings on inflation expectations. The authors develop an indicator in order to measure central bank’s perception of inflation based on the minutes of COPOM meetings.
Optimal Ramsey taxation with hidden actions
Authors: Dai Darong 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of optimal Ramsey taxation in a finite-planning-horizon, representative-agent endogenous growth model including government expenditures as a productive input in capital formation and also with hidden actions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Technically, Malliavin calculus and forward integrals are naturally introduced into the macroeconomic theory when economic agents are faced with different information structures arising from a non-Markovian environment.

Findings
– The major result shows that the well-known Judd-Chamley Theorem holds almost surely if the depreciation rate is strictly positive, otherwise Judd-Chamley Theorem only holds for a knife-edge case or on a Lebesgue measure-zero set when the physical capital is completely sustainable.

Originality/value
– The author believes that the approach developed as well as the major result established is new and relevant.
Providing rehabilitation online – invisible work and diagnostic agents
Authors: Bødker Malene , Juul Nielsen Annegrete 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Telecare promises to deliver healthcare services more efficiently while, at the same time, improving the quality of care. The purpose of this paper is to challenge these promises by analysing the implications of introducing telecare in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Design/methodology/approach
– Empirically, the paper is based on interviews with and observations of rehabilitation therapists and patients taking part in a Danish telerehabilitation programme. Theoretically, the paper draws on Science and Technology Studies.

Findings
– The introduction of telecare alters rehabilitation practices in multiple ways. First, several new time-consuming work routines, carried out in collaboration between therapists, patients and technical professions, emerge. Although crucial in establishing and maintaining telerehabilitation infrastructures, this work remains invisible in evaluations of the programme. Second, rather than simply increasing patient agency, responsibilities are redistributed and negotiated in subtle and non-uniform ways. These negotiations make it less transparent where one responsibility begins and where another potentially conflicting one ends.

Practical implications
– Evaluations of telecare technologies should pay more attention to work- and responsibility-related effects of introducing telecare in order better to account for predicted and unpredicted as well as desirable and undesirable socio-technical changes.

Originality/value
– Using an ethnographic approach, the paper points to the discrepancy between simplistic political promises that telecare technologies can serve as tools for improvement, on the one hand, and the substantial changes in the organisation and management of healthcare observed in practice, on the other. Rather than regarding telecare as technologies of improvement, it is more productive to regard them as technologies of change.