bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability of stemflow in a species‐rich tropical forest
Authors: Zimmermann Alexander , Uber Magdalena , Zimmermann Beate , Levia Delphis F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNumerous studies investigated the influence of abiotic (meteorological conditions) and biotic factors (tree characteristics) on stemflow generation. Although these studies identified the variables that influence stemflow volumes in simply structured forests, the combination of tree characteristics that allows a robust prediction of stemflow volumes in species‐rich forests is not well known. Many hydrological applications, however, require at least a rough estimate of stemflow volumes based on the characteristics of a forest stand. The need for robust predictions of stemflow motivated us to investigate the relationships between tree characteristics and stemflow volumes in a species‐rich tropical forest located in central Panama. Based on a sampling setup consisting of ten rainfall collectors, 300 throughfall samplers and 60 stemflow collectors and cumulated data comprising 26 rain events, we derive three main findings. Firstly, stemflow represents a minor hydrological component in the studied 1‐ha forest patch (1.0% of cumulated rainfall). Secondly, in the studied species‐rich forest, single tree characteristics are only weakly related to stemflow volumes. The influence of multiple tree parameters (e.g. crown diameter, presence of large epiphytes and inclination of branches) and the dependencies among these parameters require a multivariate approach to understand the generation of stemflow. Thirdly, predicting stemflow in species‐rich forests based on tree parameters is a difficult task. Although our best model can capture the variation in stemflow to some degree, a critical validation reveals that the model cannot provide robust predictions of stemflow. A reanalysis of data from previous studies in species‐rich forests corroborates this finding. Based on these results and considering that for most hydrological applications, stemflow is only one parameter among others to estimate, we advocate using the base model, i.e. the mean of the stemflow data, to quantify stemflow volumes for a given study area. Studies in species‐rich forests that wish to obtain predictions of stemflow based on tree parameters probably need to conduct a much more extensive sampling than currently implemented by most studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic effect of double‐filtration plasmapheresis combined with methylprednisolone to treat diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Li MinXia , Wang YuanDa , Qiu Qiang , Wei RiBao , Gao YuWei , Zhang Li , Wang Yong , Zhang XueGuang , Chen XiangMei 
Published: May 2015

Objective:The efficacy of double‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), combined with methylprednisolone, to treat diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) was studied.Methods:Twenty‐four patients who were admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with diffuse proliferative LN (LN Class IV‐G(A)) through renal biopsy from 2011 to 2013 were recruited as the study subjects. The patients' clinical manifestations were nephritic syndrome and/or renal insufficiency. The pathological features were glomerular diffuse proliferative lesions. The patients were divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group, with 12 patients in each group. The patients in the treatment group were first treated with DFPP combined with methylprednisolone (0.8–1.0 mg/kg/day); subsequently, they were put on methylprednisolone therapy only. The patients in the control group were first put on methylprednisolone pulse therapy (500–1,000 mg) for 3 days; subsequently, they were treated with methylprednisolone (0.8–1.0 mg/kg/day) combined with mycophenolate mofetil (1.5 g/day). The patients were observed for 24 months. Levels of hemoglobin, platelet, albumin, serum creatinine, 24‐h urinary protein, serum C3, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti‐dsDNA, and anti‐Smith were measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Complete remission and recurrence standards were established. The total dosages of methylprednisolone were calculated. Repeated renal biopsy was performed on several patients.Results:There was no statistical significance in the baseline conditions of the treatment and the control groups. For the treatment group, no plasmapheresis‐related complications occurred. The two groups showed no significant difference in complete remission. The patients' edema and serous effusion resolved, urine volume, serum creatinine, and albumin levels returned to normal, urine protein decreased in treatment group more rapidly than the patients in the control group. The mean dose of methylprednisolone received in the treatment group was lower than in the control group. The complement C3 levels in the treatment group were significantly higher than in the control group. The recurrence rate in the treatment group was lower than in the control group. Repeated renal biopsies on several patients in the treatment group indicated that their pathology improved significantly, changing from LN (IV) to LN(II–III).Conclusions:Appropriate application of DFPP combined with glucocorticoid therapy could accelerate the remission of diffuse proliferative LN, reduce overall glucocorticoid dosage, prevent recurrence, and maintain C3 level in a higher level. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:375–380, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of genomic testing on the recommendation for radiation therapy in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ: A prospective clinical utility assessment of the 12‐gene DCIS score™ result
Authors: Alvarado Michael , Carter Dennis L. , Guenther J. Michael , Hagans James , Lei Rachel Y. , Leonard Charles E. , Manders Jennifer , Sing Amy P. , Broder Michael S. , Cherepanov Dasha , Chang Eunice , Eagan Marianne , Hsiao Wendy , Schultz Michael J. 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesTwenty percent of breast cancers are ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), with 15–60% having a local recurrence (LR) after surgery. Radiotherapy reduces LR by 50% but has not impacted survival. The validated Oncotype DX® 12‐gene assay (DCIS Score) provides individualized 10‐year LR estimates. This is the first study to assess whether DCIS Score impacts physicians' recommendations for radiation.MethodsTen sites enrolled women (9/2012–2/2014) with DCIS eligible for breast‐conserving therapy, excluding patients with invasive carcinoma and planned mastectomy. Prospective data collected included clinicopathologic factors, DCIS Score assay, and treatment recommendation before and after the assay result was known.ResultsIn 115 patients (median age: 61 years; 74.8% postmenopausal), median DCIS size was 8 mm; 20% were nuclear grade 1, 46.1% grade 2; 64.4% reported necrosis. 86.1% were ER+, 79.1% PR+ (immunohistochemistry assay). Median DCIS Score: 29 (range: 0–85). Pre‐assay, 73% (95%CI: 64.0–80.9%) had radiotherapy recommendations vs. 59.1% (95%CI: 49.6–68.2%) post‐assay (P= 0.008). Physicians rated DCIS Score as the most impactful factor in planning treatment.ConclusionsThe radiotherapy recommendation changed from pre‐assay to post‐assay 31.3% (95%CI: 23.0–40.6%) of the time—a clinically significant change. This study supports the clinical utility of the DCIS Score and indicates that the test provides additional, individualized information on LR risk. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:935–940. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KRAS discordance between primary and recurrent tumors after radical resection of colorectal cancers
Authors: Lee Kyung Ha , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Choong Sik , Kim Ji Yeon 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundAlthough KRAS shows high concordance between primary and metastatic colorectal cancers, recent studies have reported discordance and intra‐tumoral heterogeneity. To evaluate KRAS concordance between primary colorectal cancers and recurrent tumors after radical resection, we performed this study.MethodsBetween January 2007 and August 2013, among patients underwent radical resection for primary colorectal cancers and tissue sampling of recurred tumors including resection or biopsy, 74 patients whose both primary and recurred tumor tissues were available for KRAS analysis were enrolled. The clinical and pathologic data were retrospectively revised and KRAS analyses were performed.ResultsThe patients with initial M1 stage showed significantly higher KRAS discordance rate (54.5%). The KRAS concordance rate was 79.7% (n = 59). Forty‐two patients (56.8%) showed the wild‐to‐wild type and 17 (22.9%) showed the mutant‐to‐mutant type. The discordance rate was 20.3% (n = 15). Eight patients (10.8%) showed the wild‐to‐mutant type, and 7 (9.5%) showed the mutant‐to‐wild type. Among 15 discordance cases, intra‐tumoral heterogeneity was found in 26.7% (n = 4).ConclusionsThere is 20.3% KRAS discordance between primary and recurrent tumors, which is higher rate than is generally known. For selection of the effective target agent, KRAS analysis of recurred tumors will be necessary, if it is available. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:1059–1064. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transillumination for needle localization in the larynx
Authors: Hoffman Henry T. , Dailey Seth H. , Bock Jonathan M. , Thibeault Susan L. , McCulloch Timothy M. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTransillumination through laryngeal soft tissue may be used to direct percutaneous transcricothyroid membrane subepithelial needle placement in the larynx.Study DesignCadaver simulation (canine and human).MethodsLighted devices, including sialendoscopes and fiberoptic cables, were tested as transilluminating obturators in trocars and needles through multiple studies to identify appropriate illumination, monitoring, and equipment for successful localization of needle/trocar tips placed within laryngeal tissue.ResultsLighted 250‐micron fiberoptic cables within 23‐gauge needles were successfully placed percutaneously through the cricothyroid membrane and maneuvered submucosally into Reinke's space, the midlateral vocal fold, and through the thyroarytenoid gap with monitoring via flexible transnasal laryngoscopy. Technical adaptations in the course of study permitted successful simulation of clinical use in full cadaver study for accurate injection laryngoplasty, confirmed by laryngeal dissection following collagen injection.ConclusionsSmall caliber fiberoptic cables are useful as transilluminating obturators to accurately direct needle position within laryngeal tissue. Clinical application of this new technique is anticipated to improve the accuracy of percutaneous needle localization in the larynx, as well as to assist in directed instrumentation of the larynx from an external approach.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:2341–2348, 2015
Detection of plaque structure and composition using OCT combined with two‐photon luminescence (TPL) imaging
Authors: Wang Tianyi , McElroy Austin , Halaney David , Vela Deborah , Fung Edmund , Hossain Shafat , Phipps Jennifer , Wang Bingqing , Yin Biwei , Feldman Marc D. , Milner Thomas E. 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesAtherosclerosis and plaque rupture leads to myocardial infarction and stroke. A novel hybrid optical coherence tomography (OCT) and two‐photon luminescence (TPL) fiber‐based imaging system was developed to characterize tissue constituents in the context of plaque morphology.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEx vivo coronary arteries (34 regions of interest) from three human hearts with atherosclerotic plaques were examined by OCT–TPL imaging. Histological sections (4 μm in thickness) were stained with Oil Red O for lipid, Von Kossa for calcium, and Verhoeff–Masson Tri‐Elastic for collagen/elastin fibers and compared with imaging results.ResultsBiochemical components in plaques including lipid, oxidized‐LDL, and calcium, as well as a non‐tissue component (metal) are distinguished by multi‐channel TPL images with statistical significance (P < 0.001). TPL imaging provides complementary optical contrast to OCT (two‐photon absorption/emission vs scattering). Merged OCT–TPL images demonstrate the distribution of lipid deposits in registration with detailed plaque surface profile.ConclusionsResults suggest that multi‐channel TPL imaging can effectively identify lipid sub‐types and different plaque components. Furthermore, fiber‐based hybrid OCT–TPL imaging simultaneously detects plaque structure and composition, improving the efficacy of vulnerable plaque detection and characterization. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:485–494, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compact multiband antenna for GPS/WiMAX/WLAN applications
Authors: Chen Shaojian , Fang Mengli , Dong Dacheng , Han Mengqi , Liu Gui 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA compact microstrip‐fed multiband planar antenna for global positioning system, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, and wireless local area network applications is presented. Three operating frequency bands are achieved by a pair of L‐shaped slots and rectangular slots, and defected ground structure. The fabricated prototype for the proposed antenna occupies an area of 32 × 22.6 mm2. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 420 MHz (1.34–1.76 GHz), 590 MHz (3.21–3.80 GHz), and 1.5 GHz (5.05–6.55 GHz). The proposed antenna shows good radiation patterns and acceptable gain over three operating bands. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1769–1773, 2015
Crescent‐shaped dipole antenna for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Singhal Sarthak , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA crescent‐shaped dipole antenna for ultrawideband applications is designed in this article. The impedance bandwidth of the designed antenna has been enhanced using modified shape of both radiator and feedline. The designed antenna provided an impedance bandwidth of 3.26–19.10 GHz (142%). It has nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns in one plane. The overall dimensions of the designed antenna are 34 × 41 mm2. The experimental and simulation results are found to be in good agreement. A comparison between the antenna performance for three different shapes of the radiator, that is, triangular, rectangular, and elliptical is also presented. The effects of three different substrate materials, that is, FR‐4 epoxy, Carbon Nano Tubes, and Ni0.2Co0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4, on the designed antenna performance are also analyzed. The designed antenna has advantages of wider bandwidth and smaller dimensions over the dipole structures already reported in the literature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1773–1782, 2015
Broadband omnidirectional dual‐polarized antenna with high isolation
Authors: Huang He , Liu Ying , Gong Shu‐Xi 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA broadband omnidirectional, dual‐polarized antenna suitable for 2G/3G/LTE applications is presented in this article. The dual‐polarized antenna has a vertically polarized element (VP element) and a horizontally polarized element (HP element). The VP element is a modified discone which can cover the frequency band of 800–2700 MHz (approximately 108%), including the GSM850/900 (824–849/890–960 MHz), DCS 1800 (1710–1880 MHz), PCS 1900 (1850–1990 MHz), UMTS (1920–2170 MHz), LTE 2300 (2305–2400 MHz), and LTE 2500 (2500–2690 MHz). The HP element is composed of a printed dipole array, feeding network, and four pairs of parasitical branches, achieving a wide bandwidth of 64% from 1530 to 2970 MHz (directly overlapping with the higher frequency band of VP element and having some surplus). High isolation larger than 36 dB is achieved in the common operating band because of the insertion of a large clearance. Smooth gain and low cross‐polarization levels are also obtained. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1848–1852, 2015
Submillimeter‐wave InPHBT power amplifier using impedance‐transforming two‐way balun
Authors: Kim Jungsik , Jeong Jinho 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a submillimeter‐wave power amplifier (PA) is presented using a 250 nm InP HBT technology. To obtain high output power, a two‐way power combiner with differential outputs is proposed using multimetal layers. This two‐way balun has an embedded impedance‐transformation function, which enables to design broadband and low‐loss impedance matching networks of a PA. The back‐to‐back connected balun shows a measured insertion loss of 1.2 dB at 296 GHz, including the losses of RF pads. The balanced PA using cascode power cells and the baluns exhibits a measured small‐signal gain of 9.0 dB with broad bandwidth, and the measured output power of 10.0 dBm with a gain of 6.0 dB and drain efficiency of 5.4% at 296 GHz. The chip size is as small as 0.49 mm × 0.41 mm including DC and RF pads. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1831–1834, 2015
A method of designing dual‐band bandpass filter using the hexagon CRLH resonators and cascaded defected ground structure
Authors: Cao Xin , Tang Zong xi , Wang Fei 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA method using hexagon composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) resonators to design dual‐band bandpass filters is proposed in this article. The designed filter utilizes two different resonance modes of the hexagon CRLH resonators to create the two passbands. Defected ground structure (DGS) is utilized to increase out‐band rejection. It is demonstrated by the simulation and measurement results that these two different structures can work in harmony to achieve excellent performance. The proposed filter can be used in the microwave circuits that work at multiple frequency bands. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1876–1879, 2015
Opportunistic occupancy estimation in museums through wireless sensor networks
Authors: Viani Federico 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA low‐cost and scalable solution for the estimation of indoor occupancy in museums (or, more in general, indoor sites) is proposed by exploiting in an opportunistic fashion wireless architectures already deployed for artworks conservation purposes. The information on the presence and the distribution of the visitors is yielded throughout the analysis of easily available environmental parameters. Indeed, the relationships between environmental indexes and museum fruition are inferred with a suitable learning‐by‐example technique. An experimental application to a real museum site is presented and discussed to give a proof of the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1975–1977, 2015
Detecting pulmonary capillary blood pulsations using hyperpolarized xenon‐129 chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR spectroscopy
Authors: Ruppert Kai , Altes Talissa A. , Mata Jaime F. , Ruset Iulian C. , Hersman F. William , Mugler John P. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo investigate whether chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR spectroscopy with hyperpolarized xenon‐129 is sensitive to the pulsatile nature of pulmonary blood flow during the cardiac cycle.MethodsA CSSR pulse sequence typically uses radiofrequency (RF) pulses to saturate the magnetization of xenon‐129 dissolved in lung tissue followed, after a variable delay time, by an RF excitation and subsequent acquisition of a free‐induction decay. Thereby it is possible to monitor the uptake of xenon‐129 by lung tissue and extract physiological parameters of pulmonary gas exchange. In the current studies, the delay time was instead held at a constant value, which permitted observation of xenon‐129 gas uptake as a function of breath‐hold time. CSSR studies were performed in 13 subjects (10 healthy, 2 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], 1 second‐hand smoke exposure), holding their breath at total lung capacity.ResultsThe areas of the tissue/plasma and the red‐blood‐cell peaks in healthy subjects varied by an average of
and
, respectively, during the cardiac cycle. In 2 subjects with COPD these peak pulsations were not detectable during at least part of the measurement period.Conclusion:CSSR spectroscopy is sufficiently sensitive to detect oscillations in the xenon‐129 gas‐uptake rate associated with the cardiac cycle. Magn Reson Med 75:1771–1780, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Graphical tuning method of FOPID controllers for fractional order uncertain system achieving robust ‐stability
Authors: Zheng Shiqi , Tang Xiaoqi , Song Bao 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper focuses on the graphical tuning method of fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers for fractional order uncertain system achieving robust
‐stability. Firstly, general result is presented to check the robust
‐stability of the linear fractional order interval polynomial. Then some alternative algorithms and results are proposed to reduce the computational effort of the general result. Secondly, a general graphical tuning method together with some computational efficient algorithms are proposed to determine the complete set of FOPID controllers that provides
‐stability for interval fractional order plant. These methods will combine the results for fractional order parametric robust control with the method of FOPID
‐stabilization for a fixed plant. At last, two important extensions will be given to the proposed graphical tuning methods: determine the
‐stabilizing region for fractional order systems with two kinds of more general and complex uncertainty structures: multi‐linear interval uncertainty and mixed‐type uncertainties. Numerical examples are followed to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intonational meaning
Authors: Prieto Pilar 
Published: May 2015

Traditionally, prosodic studies have focused on the study of intonational form and the study of intonational meaning has been relatively neglected. Similarly, the fields of semantics and pragmatics have paid little attention to the pragmatic uses of intonation. As a result, there is no firm agreement within the linguistic community on how to integrate the analysis of intonational meaning across languages into a unified prosodic, semantic, and pragmatic approach. This article provides an overview of the literature on intonational meaning, describing the recent advances made in the fields of prosody, semantics/pragmatics, and syntax. Several theoretical approaches to explaining the semantics and pragmatics of intonation are presented. A common feature to most frameworks is that intonation (1) should be regarded as an integral part of linguistic grammar; and (2) typically encodes meanings related to the modal aspect of propositions. However, features such as compositionality, duality of structure, and context‐dependency are still hotly debated issues. These features will be discussed from different theoretical perspectives, and we will identify potential advances related to the full integration of intonational meaning into dynamic and multidimensional models of meaning.WIREs Cogn Sci2015, 6:371–381. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1352This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Linguistic Theory