bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VALUES EXPRESSED IN JUDGMENTS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF OTHERS
Authors: Diederich Paul B. , Ekstrom Ruth B. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThree hundred students at each of four levels (grades, 4, 7, 10, 13) were asked to “tell about something a person did that made you like him better,” and about “something a person did that made you like him less.” The values expressed in these incidents were finally classified under six major headings, positive and negative, and each incident was assigned to one of these headings. The percentage of times each value was expressed was then tabulated by grade level, location (type of environment), sex, educational level of father, occupation of father, several measures of social adjustment and acceptance, frequency of church attendance, liking for church attendance, and verbal ability. The dominant impression left by these tables is that relatively few of these background variables made any significant difference. Out of 156 possibilities, 18 differences were found that were significant at the .01 level, 7 at the .02, and 6 at the .05; and of the 31 significant differences, 17 could be interpreted as artifacts of one sort or another, leaving only 14 that had any independent significance, all related to either grade in school (probably chronological age) or to sex. While the apparent uniformity as to types of values expressed was due in part to the coarseness of grouping of these values, the grouping was as fine as could be made reliably in two independent sortings of the same incidents, and without reducing the incidents in each cell to numbers too small to detect significance. Other differences were probably lost by the crudity of measurement of some of the background variables. Still, within the limitations of the present study, the dominant picture that emerges is that children of widely different background, social class, social acceptance, religious background, and the like judge the behavior of their peers by a remarkably uniform set of values.
APTITUDE AND INTEREST SCORE PATTERNS RELATED TO SATISFACTION WITH COLLEGE MAJOR FIELD
Authors: French John W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAs part of the research on comparative prediction of success and satisfaction in college major fields, students graduating from a men's, a women's, and a coeducational college were divided into those satisfied with their major field and those dissatisfied with their major field. With respect to each of the more popular fields, tabulations were made of these two categories and of the students who wished they had majored in the field rather than in some other field. The largest proportions of satisfied students were observed in the natural science major fields, while the social sciences yielded the largest proportions of dissatisfied students. Each field had a pattern of average aptitude test scores that might be reasonably expected for it, but satisfaction was found not to be predictable from these patterns. Students' preferences for fields different from their own suggested a lack of knowledge either about themselves or about the qualifications necessary for the fields preferred. Average interest scale patterns made in freshman year were found to have some relationship to satisfaction in senior year.
A FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE PICTURE COMPLETION ITEMS OF THE WAIS12
Authors: Saunders D. R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTFactor analysis is applied to a matrix of item intercorrelations for items of the WAIS Picture Completion subtest, using a sample of 228 college‐oriented males. Three factors are found, and identified in terms of the three principal causes of failure on PC described by Rapaport. The factors are examined in relation to the overall framework of the WAIS reported by Saunders, and found not to require any new dimension. The multidimensional character of PC explains why the items of this subtest have been particularly resistant to scaling for difficulty.Factor I is most appropriately labelled “Maintenance of Contact” versus “Loss of Contact” or withdrawal, is best measured by items 16 and 18, and is not linearly related to any other subtest. This factor, which apparently embodies the unique contribution of PC to the Wechsler battery, might also be called “Recognition of Incongruity.”Factor II is most appropriately labelled “Maintenance of Perspective” versus “Loss of Distance,” is best measured by items 8 and 9, and is related to certain items in the Comprehension subtest.Factor III is related to the effect of “uncertainty” on the subject, is best measured by items 2 and 14, and is related to total scores on the Object Assembly subtest.
Osteoblast maturation on microtextured titanium involves paracrine regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling
Authors: Olivares‐Navarrete Rene , Hyzy Sharon L. , Pan Qingfen , Dunn Ginger , Williams Joseph K. , Schwartz Zvi , Boyan Barbara D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOsteoblasts are sensitive to surface microtopography and chemistry. Osteoblast differentiation and maturation are higher in vitro and bone formation and osseointegration enhanced in vivo on microstructured titanium (Ti) compared to smooth surfaces. Cells increased BMP2 expression on microtextured Ti alloy, suggesting a paracrine role in regulating osteoblast maturation. However, recent studies show that exogenous BMP2 inhibits osteoblast production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and osteocalcin, indicating that control of BMP‐signaling may be involved. This study examined whether cells modulate BMP ligands, receptors, and inhibitors during osteoblast maturation on Ti, specifically focusing on the roles of BMP2 and Noggin (NOG). mRNA and protein for BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7 and receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2, and BMP inhibitors were upregulated on microtextured surfaces in comparison to smooth surfaces. Maturation on microstructured Ti was slightly enhanced with exogenous BMP2 while NOG addition inhibited osteoblast maturation. Cells with NOG knocked down significantly increased osteoblast maturation. These results demonstrate that BMP‐related molecules are controlled during osteoblast maturation on microstructured Ti surfaces and that endogenous NOG is an important regulator of the process. Modifying paracrine BMP signaling may yield more robust bone formation than application of exogenous BMPs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1721–1731, 2015.
Cell‐centered finite volume discretizations for deformable porous media
Authors: Nordbotten Jan Martin 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe development of cell‐centered finite volume discretizations for deformation is motivated by the desire for a compatible approach with the discretization of fluid flow in deformable porous media. We express the conservation of momentum in the finite volume sense, and introduce three approximations methods for the cell‐face stresses. The discretization method is developed for general grids in one to three spatial dimensions, and leads to a global discrete system of equations for the displacement vector in each cell, after which the stresses are calculated based on a local expression. The method allows for anisotropic, heterogeneous and discontinuous coefficients.The novel finite volume discretization is justified through numerical validation tests, designed to investigate classical challenges in discretization of mechanical equations. In particular our examples explore the stability with respect to the Poisson ratio and spatial discontinuities in the material parameters. For applications, logically Cartesian grids are prevailing, and we also explore the performance on perturbations on such grids, as well as on unstructured grids. For reference, comparison is made in all cases with the lowest‐order Lagrangian finite elements, and the finite volume methods proposed herein is comparable for approximating displacement, and is superior for approximating stresses. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for NumericalMethods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Global format for energy–momentum based time integration in nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Krenk Steen 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYA global format is developed for momentum and energy consistent time integration of second‐order dynamic systems with general nonlinear stiffness. The algorithm is formulated by integrating the state‐space equations of motion over the time increment. The internal force is first represented in fourth‐order form consisting of the end‐point mean value plus a term containing the stiffness matrix increment. This form gives energy conservation for systems with internal energy as a quartic function of the displacement components. This representation is then extended to general energy conservation via a discrete gradient representation. The present procedure works directly with the internal force and the stiffness matrix at the time integration interval end‐points, and in contrast to previous energy‐conserving algorithms, it does not require any special form of the energy function nor use of mean value products at the element level or explicit use of a geometric stiffness matrix. An optional monotonic algorithmic damping, increasing with response frequency, is developed in terms of a single damping parameter. In the solution procedure, the velocity is eliminated and the nonlinear iterations are based on the displacement components alone. The procedure represents an energy consistent alternative to available collocation methods, with an equally simple implementation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bubble‐enhanced smoothed finite element formulation: a variational multi‐scale approach for volume‐constrained problems in two‐dimensional linear elasticity
Authors: Wu C. T. , Hu Wei , Liu G. R. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a bubble‐enhanced smoothed finite element formulation for the analysis of volume‐constrained problems in two‐dimensional linear elasticity. The new formulation is derived based on the variational multi‐scale approach in which unequal order displacement‐pressure pairs are used for the mixed finite element approximation and hierarchical bubble function is selected for the fine‐scale displacement approximation. An area‐weighted averaging scheme is employed for the two‐scale smoothed strain calculation under the framework of edge‐based smoothed FEM. The smoothed fine‐scale solution is shown to naturally contain the stress field jump of the smoothed coarse‐scale solution across the boundary of edge‐based smoothing domain and thus provides the possibility to stabilize the global solution for volume‐constrained problems. A global monolithic solution strategy is employed, and the fine‐scale solution is solved without the consideration of approximating the strong form of the fine‐scale equation. Several numerical examples are analyzed to demonstrate the accuracy of the present formulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process Optimization for Synthesis of Guanylurea Dinitramide (GUDN)
Authors: Badgujar Dilip M. , Wagh Rashmi M. , Pawar Suman J. , Sikder Arun K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGuanylurea dinitramide (GUDN), a stable salt of dinitramidic acid has good thermal stability and is a potential candidate for insensitive munitions. The synthesis process involves nitration of the ammonium salt of sulfamic acid with conc. HNO3/H2SO4 at −20 °C to −50 °C and further treatment with an aqueous suspension of guanylurea sulfate to obtain GUDN as white crystalline solid in 50 % yield. In order to optimize the process parameters to get the product in higher yield and greater purity, a systematic study with variation of different parameters like molar ratio of nitrating mixture, conditioning time, and temperature was carried out.
Evaluation of the Performance of a Portable Mid‐Infrared Analyzer for the Rapid Determination of Total Trans Fat in Fast Food
Authors: Mossoba Magdi M. , Srigley Cynthia Tyburczy , Farris Samantha , Kramer John K G , Chirtel Stuart , Rader Jeanne 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe performance of a novel, transmission‐mode, portable, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer was evaluated and compared to that of a benchtop attenuated total reflection (ATR)‐FTIR spectrometer. The total concentration of trans fatty acids in the fat extracted from 19 representative fast foods was rapidly (<5 min) quantified in a single measurement after conversion to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). While the FTIR determination is rapid, the time required for extraction and derivatization is not. For all extracts, the total trans FAME concentration varied from approximately 0.5 to 11 % (of total FAME) as determined using the portable FTIR analyzer. The trans fat contents (mean ± SD), expressed in grams per serving and calculated on the basis of total fat content and FTIR determination of trans fat content, were found to be 1.00 ± 0.42 for hamburgers, 0.67 ± 0.78 for chicken tenders, 1.00 ± 1.24 for French fries, and 0.27 ± 0.23 for apple pies. Determinations of total trans‐unsaturated FAME were consistent with those obtained by use of ATR‐FTIR and GC official methods (AOCS Cd 14e‐09 and AOCS Ce 1j‐07, respectively). These results indicate that the portable FTIR analyzer is suitable for the rapid and routine quantification of total trans fat measured as FAME prepared from fats extracted from fast foods.
Assessment of body composition in Indian adults: comparison between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and isotope dilution technique
Authors: Kulkarni Bharati , Kuper Hannah , Taylor Amy , Wells Jonathan C. , Radhakrishna K. V. , Kinra Sanjay , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Smith George Davey , Ebrahim Shah , Kurpad A. V. , Byrne Nuala M. , Hills Andrew P. 
Published: August 2014

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and isotope dilution technique have been used as reference methods to validate the estimates of body composition by simple field techniques; however, very few studies have compared these two methods. We compared the estimates of body composition by DXA and isotope dilution (18O) technique in apparently healthy Indian men and women (aged 19–70 years,n152, 48 % men) with a wide range of BMI (14–40 kg/m2). Isotopic enrichment was assessed by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy. The agreement between the estimates of body composition measured by the two techniques was assessed by the Bland–Altman method. The mean age and BMI were 37 (sd15) years and 23·3 (sd5·1) kg/m2, respectively, for men and 37 (sd14) years and 24·1 (sd5·8) kg/m2, respectively, for women. The estimates of fat-free mass were higher by about 7 (95 % CI 6, 9) %, those of fat mass were lower by about 21 (95 % CI − 18, − 23) %, and those of body fat percentage (BF%) were lower by about 7·4 (95 % CI − 8·2, − 6·6) % as obtained by DXA compared with the isotope dilution technique. The Bland–Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement that indicated poor agreement between the methods. The bias in the estimates of BF% was higher at the lower values of BF%. Thus, the two commonly used reference methods showed substantial differences in the estimates of body composition with wide limits of agreement. As the estimates of body composition are method-dependent, the two methods cannot be used interchangeably.
The Effect of a Community-Engaged Arts Program on Older Adults’ Well-being
Authors: Phinney Alison , Moody Elaine M. , Small Jeff A. 
Published: August 2014

RÉSUMÉCette étude utilisant des méthodes mixtes a évalué l'effet d'un programme d'arts communautaires engagés sur le bien-être physique, émotionnel et social des personnes âgées. Ateliers hebdomadaires ont été offerts pendant une période de trois ans dans des centres communautaires où les artistes ont collaboré avec quatre groupes de personnes âgées pour produire une œuvre d'art collective ou la performance d'une présentation publique. Les participants ont rempli questionnaires avant et après et des entretiens de groupe ont été menées à la fin du programme. Des analyses t-test appariés ont indiqué que les personnes âgées ont connu une amélioration perçue dans leur état de santé générale, l’expérience de la douleur, et le sens de la communauté. Une analyse descriptive et intérpretative des entretiens de groupe a révélé six thèmes qui ont éclairé la compréhension: (1) fournissant de la structure et de la discipline; (2) facilitant l’adaptation; (3) nécessitant un travail acharné et des efforts; (4) faisant ressortir son côté artistique; (5) la promotion de la participation sociale; et (6) apportant une contribution. Ces résultats concordent avec les recherches antérieures et contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont les arts communautaires engagés peuvent favoriser le bien-être des personnes âgées.
Uncovering the Meaning of Home Care Using an Arts-Based and Qualitative Approach
Authors: Fraser Kimberly , Archibald Mandy , Nissen Catherine 
Published: August 2014

RÉSUMÉLe besoin de soins à domicile s'accroît au Canada, mais on sait peu de l'expérience de soins à domicile de clients et de leurs familles. Découvrir le sens de l'expérience de soins à domicile est une étape importante vers le développement de la compréhension et la sensibilisation du public. Nous avons exploré les expériences de soins à domicile en utilisant des méthodes axées sur les arts et des entretiens individuels avec 11 participants (un client et 10 aidants naturels). Les participants ont débattu les nombreuses façons de soins à domicile et de la famille et comment ceux-ci ont affecté leur vie, comment ils ont fait face à ces effets, leurs expériences dans les hôpitaux ou les résidences-services, et les aspects de l'expérience de soins à domicile qu'ils aimaient ou n'aimaient pas. Les participants ont convenu que les soins à domicile ont facilité une meilleure qualité de vie pour les familles et les clients, bien qu'ils reconnaissent certains défis avec eux. Les résultats artistiques produites par les participants ont facilité le dialogue de l'entrevue et ont favorisé la compréhension des thèmes clés de la recherche par l'équipe.
MEMS-based fine tuning of highQ-factorE-plane filters
Authors: Gentili Fabrizio , Nocella Valeria , Pelliccia Luca , Cacciamani Fabrizio , Farinelli Paola , Sorrentino Roberto 
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a new concept for the fine tuning of high-Q bandpass filters to compensate for small response deviations due to manufacturing tolerances and temperature variations. Discrete frequency tuning steps are obtained using a rectangular waveguide resonator loaded with a reconfigurable E-plane circuit. Ohmic micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) switches can be placed along thin E-plane metal strips so as to modify the E-field distribution of the TE101resonant mode, thus the central frequency of the filter. As an example, 0.1% frequency steps can easily be obtained in a 10 GHz resonant cavity. The use of low-loss substrates ensures high-quality factors of the order of 1000. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated both by full-wave simulations and by fabricating and measuring an X-band hardwired prototype.
PolyQ-mediated regulation of mRNA granules assembly
Authors: Castilla-Llorente Virginia , Ramos Andres 
Published: August 2014

RNA granules have been observed in different organisms, cell types and under different conditions, and their formation is crucial for the mRNA life cycle. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing their assembly and disassembly. The aggregation-prone LSCRs (low-sequence-complexity regions), and in particular, the polyQ/N-rich regions, have been extensively studied under pathological conditions due to their role in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we discuss recent in vitro, in vivo and computational data that, globally, suggest a role for polyQ/N regions in RNA granule assembly.
Physician Attitudes toward Palliative Care for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results of a Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Fenstad Eric R. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Sloan Jeff A. , Novotny Paul J. , Durst Louise A. , Frantz Robert P. , McGoon Michael D. , Swetz Keith M. 
Published: August 2014

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, symptomatic, life‐threatening illness; however, it is complex, with variable expression regarding impact on quality of life (QOL). This study investigated attitudes and comfort of physicians regarding palliative care (PC) for patients with PAH and explored potential barriers to PC in PAH. An internet‐based, mixed‐methods survey was distributed to Pulmonary Hypertension Clinicians and Researchers, a professional organization within the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. Only responses from physicians involved in clinical care of patients with PAH were analyzed. Of 355 clinicians/researchers, 79 (22%) returned surveys, including 76 (21%) providers involved in clinical care. Responding physicians were mainly pulmonologists (67%), practiced in university/academic medical centers (89%), had been in practice a mean of 12 ± 7 years, cared for a median of 100 PAH patients per year, and reported a high level of confidence in managing PAH (87%), advanced PAH‐specific pharmacologic interventions (95%), and end‐of‐life care (88%). Smaller proportions were comfortable managing pain (62%) and QOL issues (78%). Most physicians (91%) reported utilizing PC consultation at least once in the prior year, primarily in the setting of end‐of‐life/active dying (59%), hospice referral (46%), or symptomatic dyspnea/impaired QOL (40%). The most frequent reasons for not referring patients to PC included nonapproval by the patient/family (51%) and concern that PC is “giving up hope” (43%). PAH may result in symptoms that impair QOL despite optimal PAH therapy; however, PC awareness and utilization for PAH providers is low. Opportunities may exist to integrate PC into care for PAH patients.
Anorectal stricture in 102 patients with Crohn's disease: natural history in the era of biologics
Authors: Brochard C. , Siproudhis L. , Wallenhorst T. , Cuen D. , d'Halluin P. N. , Garros A. , Bretagne J.‐F. , Bouguen G. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe natural history of nonfistulising perianal Crohn's disease (PCD) remains unknown.AimTo assess the long‐term outcome of anorectal strictures.MethodsAll outcomes of PCD patients with anorectal stricture followed in a single unit from 2005 to 2013 were reviewed, as well as subsequent therapeutic management. Cumulative incidence of stricture healing (disappearance of the anal stricture) was estimated using a Kaplan–Meier method and factor associated with an unfavourable course (persistent stricture S2, persistent stoma or proctectomy) with nonparametric test.ResultsA total of 102 patients (M/F: 37/65) were included. The duration of CD at diagnosis was 8.9 years. After a median follow‐up period of 2.8 years, 52 of the 88 followed patients (59%) achieved anorectal stricture healing. Two patients (2%) developed anal adenocarcinoma. Female gender [HR 2.05 (1.1–4.03), P = 0.0221], disease duration of CD of less than 10 years [HR 1.94 (1.01–3.63), P = 0.0271], and anal fistula at stricture diagnosis [HR 2.36 (1.21–5.05), P = 0.0106) were significantly associated with anorectal stricture healing in a multivariate analysis model. Twenty‐eight patients (32%) had an unfavourable course at the end of follow‐up. Gender and introduction or optimisation of TNFα antagonist treatment decreased the risk of unfavourable course in multivariate analysis. Conversely, the Luminal B2 phenotype at CD diagnosis was the only factor associated with unfavourable course.ConclusionsAnorectal stricture does not imply a nonreversible and complicated condition related to severe perianal Crohn's disease. However, both the diagnosis of cancer and sepsis drainage remain challenging in this situation.