bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Segment Biometry Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Aptel Florent , Chiquet Christophe , Gimbert Aurélie , Romanet Jean-Paul , Thuret Gilles , Gain Philippe , Campolmi Nelly 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare the anterior chamber and anterior chamber angle measurements obtained with spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and time-domain AS-OCT.

METHODS:

The anterior chamber of healthy participants was imaged with spectral-domain AS-OCT (Casia SS-1000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) and time-domain AS-OCT (Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance at 500 and 750
μ
m (AOD 500 and AOD 750), trabecular iris space area at 500 and 750
μ
m (TISA 500 and TISA 750), and scleral spur angle were measured. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. The Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the measurements and Bland–Altman plots to evaluate the agreement.

RESULTS:

One hundred one eyes of 101 healthy participants were analyzed. Excellent repeatability was found with both devices for CCT, AOD 500, AOD 750, TISA 750, and scleral spur angle (ICC = 0.90 to 0.98 and 0.89 to 0.97, respectively) and excellent to moderate repeatability was found for TISA 500 (ICC = 0.68 to 0.97 and 0.70 to 0.93, respectively). For all parameters, Casia and Visante measurements were significantly correlated (
r
= 0.76 to 0.98;
P
< .02). ACD measured with the Casia was significantly larger (mean difference = 0.12 ± 0.08 mm;
P
< .0001), and the scleral spur angle measured with the Casia was significantly lower (mean difference = 4.85° ± 5.30°;
P
< .01). There were nonsignificant differences between the devices for the other parameters (
P
> .06).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both Casia and Visante AS-OCT demonstrate high repeatability. Except for the ACD and scleral spur angles, the two devices show good agreement.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(5):354–360.]
Time‐lapse spectral induced polarization imaging of stimulated uranium bioremediation
Authors: Flores Orozco Adrián , Williams Kenneth H. , Kemna Andreas 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTTomographic measurements of the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of aquifer sediments were conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Integrated Field Research Challenge site (IFRC) in Rifle, Colorado (USA), where biostimulation research is ongoing with the purpose to immobilize uranium in tailings‐contaminated groundwater. The aims of the SIP surveys were to (a) collect data over a sufficiently broad bandwidth so as to determine the characteristic frequency of the spectral response (at which the strongest polarization response takes places), (b) investigate the distribution of spectral parameters (e.g., characteristic time constant) in an imaging framework and (c) evaluate the potential of these images to delineate changes in the hydraulic properties of the aquifer. Careful field procedures provided high‐quality SIP data from 0.060–256 Hz for three different periods during the remediation experiment. Data quality was evaluated by means of analysis of the discrepancy between normal and reciprocal measurements. A Cole‐Cole model was fitted to pixel values extracted from the inverted images in order to assess changes in the SIP response – particularly in time constant () and chargeability (m) – due to processes accompanying the stimulation of subsurface microbial activity. A significant increase in both and m was observed after halting acetate injection, consistent with the accumulation of semi‐conductive minerals (e.g., FeS) during biostimulation and the post‐injection rebound in aqueous Fe(II). The reliability of the imaged spectral parameters was assessed by means of a numerical study.
A field assessment of site‐specific correlations between hydraulic and geophysical parameters
Authors: Böhm G. , Brauchler R. , Nieto D.Y. , Baradello L. , Affatato A. , Sauter M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study the potential of combining high‐resolution hydraulic tomographic and geophysical tomographic measurements to define site‐specific relationships between geophysical and hydraulic parameters was investigated. We exploit the high‐spatial resolution of hydraulic and geophysical tomographic images to define a representative and reliable site‐specific relationship, if it exists, over an area, where geophysical and hydraulic tests are performed. The parameters involved in this study were: seismic P‐wave velocity derived from seismic tomography; resistivity and electrical conductivity derived from electrical tomography (ERT); diffusivity, hydraulic conductivity and specific storage derived from hydraulic tomography. We derived a site‐specific correlation function between the parameters P‐wave velocity and diffusivity that shows the highest correlation of all hydraulic and geophysical parameter combinations. The transformation of the P‐wave velocity field into a diffusivity field using the estimated site‐specific correlation function allowed us to increase the significance of hydraulic tomographic as well as seismic tomographic measurements with respect to the spatial diffusivity distribution in the near subsurface.
Semiautomatic interpretation of microgravity data from subsurface cavities using curvature gradient tensor matrix
Authors: Zhou Wenna , Li Jiyan , Du Xiaojuan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe propose an effective technique, based on eigenvalues of the curvature gradient tensor matrix (CGTM), to determine edges and depths of shallow subsurface cavities. The new technique is similar to the tilt angle and tilt‐depth methods in edge detection and depth estimation, respectively. Our improvement to this method is that the vertical derivative of the tilt angle is replaced by an eigenvalue of the CGTM. Zero contours of eigenvalues of the CGTM can be used to outline the edges of causative sources, and the characteristic is similar to the vertical derivative of gravity field. Therefore, we use the smaller of the two eigenvalues to replace the vertical derivative in the numerator of the tilt angle, and this results in an improved edge detection method. In addition, we deduce a new depth estimation method using the point mass model parameters which can be used to estimate the centre depths of shallow causative sources. The new method is tested on a synthetic model with and without noise. It demonstrates that the new method is simple, robust and accurate. Finally, we apply the method on the measured gravity data of a mining subsidence area from Liaoyuan, Northeast of China. The results show a good correspondence with the inversion results of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data. Such results can serve as preliminary depth estimates and location of near surface cavities.
Is accuracy more important than precision in near‐surface refraction seismology?
Authors: Palmer Derecke 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe ubiquity of non‐uniqueness in near‐surface refraction seismology emphasises the importance of making a clear distinction between accuracy, that is, the validity of the model, and precision, that is, traveltime misfit errors. Non‐uniqueness can be resolved by identifying the most probable model within a global model space, based on the generalised reciprocal method (GRM), containing all geologically reasonable seismic velocities. All models within this model space have comparable misfit errors.The strategy involves three elements. First, the XY parameter of the GRM facilitates a more effective differentiation of the various models of the seismic velocities in both the weathered and sub‐weathered regions than is possible with simplistic comparisons of traveltime misfit errors. Second, all valid models of the seismic velocities in the weathered and sub‐weathered regions are restricted to those which employ the same XY value in both regions. Finally, the most probable model employs the optimum XY value, which is that XY value(s) which results in the simplest model of the GRM‐derived seismic velocities in the sub‐weathered region.Under suitable conditions where the refracting interface is sufficiently irregular, the optimum XY value can be measured to a precision of plus/minus half the station spacing. However, where that is either not possible or not undertaken, then a uniform velocity equivalent value can be computed from the cross‐over distance, with an inferred precision of plus/minus the optimum XY value.The significance of non‐uniqueness in any investigation can be demonstrated with two models. The first employs the uniform velocity model equivalent of the optimum XY value, whereas the second employs an XY value equal to the cross‐over distance. These two models represent the end members of the set of models which are consistent with the traveltime data. They span the range of seismic velocities in the weathered layers from uniform or constant values to the hyperbolic cosine function. The latter represents the maximum vertical velocity gradient which is consistent with linear traveltime graphs and which approximates the vertical velocity gradients commonly used in many implementations of automatic refraction tomography.Irrespective of whether the optimum XY value is determined with a precision of plus/minus half the station spacing or plus/minus the optimum XY value, the optimum XY value for uniform layers is commonly one quarter of the cross‐over distance. Therefore, the optimum XY value provides a more precise measure of the accuracy of the seismic velocities than is possible with traveltime misfit errors.
Utilities detection through the sum of orthogonal polarization in 3D georadar surveys
Authors: Lualdi Maurizio , Lombardi Federico 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTGround penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used in subsurface investigations for extracting the position and the route followed by the utility, an issue that gains more and more importance when considering the cost related to trench damage and disruptions. However, it has been noted that various targets of GPR surveys, especially linear and elongated targets, have polarization‐dependent scattering characteristics. This implies that the visibility of a subsurface scatterer in the acquired data depends on the used antenna configuration and its orientation with respect to the feature to be imaged.Furthermore, wave attributes could be modified by the surrounding soil anisotropy and heterogeneity degree. As the GPR antennas are composed of directional dipoles, any changes in the propagation plane of the returning wave affects the recording of GPR data.This work presents an approach based on a combination of mutually orthogonal GPR 3D data volumes through which polarization issues can be overcome, ensuring target detection even when the position and material are adverse. The strategy is evaluated through two field examples: in homogeneous soil this technique fully recovers the polarization mismatch, providing results that are closely similar to the ones that would be obtained with the optimal configuration; in heterogeneous environments it overcomes the wavelet alteration, depolarization included, strongly enhancing the signal to noise ratio and improving target reconstruction.
AVALIAÇÃO DO REAL POTENCIAL INIBIDOR DE EXTRATOS ETANÓLICOS DE Ottonia martiana SOBRE Cylindrocladium spathulatum E Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Cunico Miriam Machado , Auer Celso Garcia , Cunico Marlon Wesley Machado , Miguel Obdulio Gomes , Zamora Patricio Peralta , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto 
Published: August 2014

Extratos etanólicos de anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq., foram reavaliados quanto à inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos Cylindrocladium spathulatum (pinta-preta da erva-mate) e Botrytis cinerea (mofo-cinzento do eucalipto), por meio do planejamento fatorial. A ocorrência de decomposição de bioativos no processo de autoclavagem também foi investigada, por meio de teste de eficiência de extratos filtrados (filtro Millipore) e esterilizados (autoclave) no controle dos fitopatógenos, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1000 ppm. Os extratos etanólicos filtrado e esterilizado inibiram o crescimento micelial dos fungos e foram mais ativos frente a B. cinerea.O extrato filtrado exibiu maior potencial antifúngico que o extrato esterilizado. O processo de esterilização por autoclavagem causou pequena decomposição dos bioativos presentes no extrato de anestesia.Palavras-chave: Anestesia; mofo-cinzento; pinta-preta. Abstract Fungitoxic potential of ethanolic extracts of anestesia in the control of phytopathogenic diseases. The antifungal potential of anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq. was reassessed by factorial design, in vitro testing of fungal mycelial growth compared to the pathogenic isolates Cylindrocladium spathulatum, causal agent of black spot onyerba mate, and Botrytis cinerea causal agent of gray-mold on eucalypts. Occurrence of decomposition of bioactive of the autoclaving process was investigated using foliar detached test compared to the pathogens (1000 ppm). Ethanolic extracts - EBEtOH (filtered and autoclaved) inhibited the mycelial growth of C. spathulatum and B. cinerea (1000 ppm) and were more pronounced against B. cinerea (43.6 % and 68.9 %). EBEtOH filtered (0.22 µm) presented higher activity than EBEtOH autoclaved (C. spathulatum: 52.8 % and 43.6 %, B. cinerea: 68.9 % and 43.6 %), suggesting little decomposition ofbioactive after autoclaving. EBEtOH filtrate presented potential inhibition of 28 % in eucalypt leaves against B. cinerea. Keywords: Ottonia martiana; black spot; gray-mold.
COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E ESTRATÉGIAS DE DISPERSÃO E REGENERAÇÃO DE GRUPOS FLORÍSTICOS EM FLORESTAS ESTACIONAIS DECIDUAIS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Scipioni Marcelo Callegari , Galvão Franklin , Longhi Solon Jonas 
Published: August 2014

As Florestas Estacional Decidual Aluvial e Submontana encontram-se ao longo de um gradiente topográfico com variações geomorfológicas e pedológicas. Para entender as variações das guildas ecológicas e do contingente geográfico das comunidades florestais em uma microbacia do rio Jacuí, no Rio Grande do Sul, foram alocadas 200 parcelas de 100 m², distribuídas em 40 pontos amostrais, com 5 parcelas cada, desde as cabeceiras de drenagem até a planície de inundação do referido rio. Em cada unidade amostral foram medidos e identificados todos os indivíduos lenhosos com diâmetro à altura do peito de ≥5 cm. A partir da amostra total, foi realizada uma análise de agrupamento de similaridade florística, resultando em três comunidades florestais distintas. Elas foram nomeadas de formações aluvial e submontana e área dominada por ambas as formações. Para a amostra total e dos grupos obtidos, foram determinadas as porcentagens de contribuição das espécies e indivíduos, por meio da classificação de guildas ecológicas de dispersão de diásporos e grupos ecológicos, além dos contingentes fitogeográficos. O contingente geográfico de composição das comunidades florestais foi dominado por espécies de ampla distribuição. Os padrões das guildas ecológicas entre os grupos foram distintos. Entretanto, todos os grupos apresentaram maior contribuição de espécies zoocóricas.Palavras-chave: Comunidades florestais; fitogeografia; similaridades florísticas; ecologia florestal. AbstractFloristic composition and dispersal and regeneration strategies of woody species in Deciduous Seasonal Forests. The connected fragments of submontane and alluvial deciduous forests are present along the topographic gradient with large pedological and geomorphological variations. In order to understand the variations of ecological guilds and geographical contingent of forest community in a watershed, 200 plots of 100 m² divided into 40 sampling points with five plots each were distributed from the headwaters to the floodplain of the Jacuí River. In each sampling unit were identified and measured all woody plants with diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm. From the total sample was performed a cluster analysis of floristic similarity, resulting in three forest communities. These were termed formation, submontane and alluvial, and the area dominated by both formations.For the total sample and the groups was determined the percentage contribution of species and individuals, by classification of ecological guilds of dispersal of seeds and regeneration and geographic quotas. The geographic contingent composition of forest communities was dominated by species of wide distribution. The patterns of ecological guilds were different between groups. However, all groups revealed higher contribution of zoocoric species. Keywords: Forest communities; phytogeography; floristic similarity; forest ecology.
ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS DE CURITIBA (PR, BRASIL) COMO SUMIDOUROS DE CO2
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Baladelli , Borgo Marília , Maranho Leila Teresinha 
Published: August 2014

A conservação de fragmentos florestais é extremamente necessária para garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade, além de assegurar o armazenamento de carbono contido na biomassa e nos solos. O município de Curitiba (PR, Brasil) possui 52 áreas protegidas municipais com remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) em diferentes estágios de conservação, as quais contribuem para a manutenção da biodiversidade, melhoria da qualidade de vida dos moradores e também auxiliam na mitigação das mudanças climáticas, pois estocam grandes quantidades de carbono nos diversos componentes florestais. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a importância dos fragmentos florestais de Curitiba na manutenção dos estoques de carbono de forma associada à sua importância para a preservação da biodiversidade, o que pode servir de incentivo para o investimento público nessas áreas e de estímulo a outros municípios para a criação e manutenção de UCs. O estoque de carbono contido nos remanescentes florestais do município (1.159.259,60 t C) reforça a importância da conservação de remanescentes de vegetação nativa, ainda que em meio ao ambiente urbano.Palavras-chave: Carbono; desmatamento evitado; Floresta com Araucária; áreas verdes urbanas. AbstractProtected Areas in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, as carbon sinks.Conservation of forest’s fragments is extremely necessary to ensure maintenance of biodiversity and storage of carbon. There are currently 52 protected areas (PAs) in Curitiba municipality, located in Parana State – Brazil, with remnants of Araucaria Forest at different stages of conservation contributing to maintenance of biodiversity, improving quality of life of residents and also assisting in prevention of climate change as the aforementioned areas store large amounts of carbon in a range of forest components. In 2009, Curitiba conducted a research to estimate the carbon stock of forest fragments. The present research was carried out in order to evaluate the importance of these fragments in the maintenance of carbon stocks, associated to the preservation of biodiversity, which may be an incentive for public investment in these areas and encouragement to other municipalities for the creation and maintenance of PAs. Based on available information on the carbon contained in forest remnants of the city, it was identified that the total of those areas involves a stock of 1,159,259.60 t C, which reinforces the importance of maintaining native vegetation even in urban environment. Keywords: Carbon; deforestation prevention; Araucaria Forest; urban protected areas.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O PERFIL DOS INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS DE MONTE ALEGRE, BRASIL, E DE PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA
Authors: Rodríguez Marcos Pedro Ramos , Soares Ronaldo Viana , Batista Antonio Carlos , Tetto Alexandre França , Becerra Luis Wilfredo Martínez 
Published: August 2014

É importante se determinar onde, quando e porque ocorrem os incêndios florestais, com vistas a estruturar os serviços de prevenção e combate dentro de limites economicamente viáveis. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de comparar o comportamento histórico dos incêndios florestais ocorridos no período de 2002 a 2011 no Distrito Florestal de Monte Alegre, estado do Paraná, Brasil, e nas empresas florestais da Província de Pinar del Río, Cuba. Foram consideradas as distribuições temporal e espacial dos incêndios, tendo sido analisada também a eficiência do serviço de proteção. Os registros de ocorrência de incêndios foram fornecidos pela Klabin S/A e pelo Corpo de Guardabosques de Pinar del Río. Os resultados mostraram um maior número de ocorrências e uma menor área queimada em Monte Alegre. Os incêndios se concentraram nos meses de agosto a outubro (77,97% do total) em Monte Alegre e de março a maio (86,80%) em Pinar del Río. A cobertura vegetal mais afetada nas duas regiões foi “Pinus spp.” e a principal causa foi “incendiário” (71,66% do total) em Monte Alegre e “raios” (39,26%) em Pinar del Río. Conclui-se que há uma similaridade no perfil dos incêndios para os dois lugares, com exceção da época de incêndios.Palavras-chave: Estatísticas de incêndios; época de incêndios; prevenção de incêndios. AbstractComparison between the forest fires statistics in Monte Alegre, Brazil, and Pinar del Río, Cuba. It is important to determine where, when and why forest fires occur in order to structure the prevention and suppression within economically viable limits. This research was developed in order to compare the historical behavior of forest fires in the period 2002 to 2011 in the Forest District of Monte Alegre, Paraná State, Brazil, and forestry companies in the province of Pinar del Río, Cuba. Spatial and temporal distributions of fire occurrence were considered and the efficiency of fire control service was analyzed. Records of fire occurrence were provided by Klabin S/A and the Forest Department of Pinar del Río. The results revealed a higher number of occurrences and a lower burned area in Monte Alegre. The fires were concentrated from the month of August to October (77.97% of total) in Monte Alegre and March-May (86.80%) in Pinar del Río. The most affected vegetation in both regions was "Pinus spp" and the main cause of the occurrence was "incendiary" (71.66% of total) in Monte Alegre and "lightning" (39.26%) in Pinar del Río. There was a similarity in the fire profile for the two regions, except in the fire season.Keywords: Fire statistics; fire history; fire season; fire prevention.