bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary responses of native plant species to invasive plants: a review
Authors: Oduor Ayub M. O. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryStrong competition from invasive plant species often leads to declines in abundances and may, in certain cases, cause localized extinctions of native plant species. Nevertheless, studies have shown that certain populations of native plant species can co‐exist with invasive plant species, suggesting the possibility of adaptive evolutionary responses of those populations to the invasive plants. Empirical inference of evolutionary responses of the native plant species to invasive plants has involved experiments comparing two conspecific groups of native plants for differences in expression of growth/reproductive traits: populations that have experienced competition from the invasive plant species (i.e. experienced natives) versus populations with no known history of interactions with the invasive plant species (i.e. naïve natives). Here, I employ a meta‐analysis to obtain a general pattern of inferred evolutionary responses of native plant species from 53 such studies. In general, the experienced natives had significantly higher growth/reproductive performances than naïve natives, when grown with or without competition from invasive plants. While the current results indicate that certain populations of native plant species could potentially adapt evolutionarily to invasive plant species, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that probably underlie such evolutionary responses remain unexplored and should be the focus of future studies.
Pediatricians' Perspectives on Indoor Tanning
Authors: Hession Meghan T. , Campbell Shannon M. , Balk Sophie J. , Cummins Deborah L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis report presents results from an online survey of New York State pediatricians regarding their counseling habits and attitudes toward indoor tanning among adolescents, as well as their awareness of current legislation that restricts youth access to tanning beds.
Generalized Hair Casts Due to Traction
Authors: Ozuguz Pinar , Kacar Seval , Takci Zennure , Ekiz Ozlem , Kalkan Goknur , Bulbul Sen Bilge 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPeripilar keratin casts, also called pseudonits or hair casts, are thin, elongated, greyish‐white, cylindrical, sleeve‐like structures that encircle the hair shaft and can easily be slid along the hair. They may be clinically misdiagnosed as nits. In addition to physical removal, keratolytic lotions or shampoos are helpful. We report an 11‐year‐old girl with pseudonits. Although it is not a rare condition, underdiagnosis is common.
Serum‐Level Changes of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Children with Infantile Hemangioma after Oral Propranolol Therapy
Authors: Chen Xiao Dong , Ma Gang , Huang Jin Long , Chen Hui , Jin Yun Bo , Ye Xiao Xiao , Hu Xiao Jie , Lin Xiao Xi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOral propranolol is the first‐line therapy for infantile hemangioma (IH), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with IH who underwent propranolol treatment. The study included 22 patients with IH receiving propranolol treatment. At three time points—before treatment and 1 and 3 months after treatment—blood samples were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for serum VEGF expression. The mean serum VEGF concentration in children with proliferative hemangiomas was 395.0 ± 176.7 pg/mL, approximately twice as high as in patients with venous malformations (mean 170.7 pg/mL) and in healthy controls (204.8 pg/mL, p = 0.006). After 1 month of propranolol treatment, the level had fallen 21.6% (p = 0.003), although the downward trend was less obvious after 3 months of treatment (18.0%, p = 0.63). VEGF expression correlated significantly with the lesion size (correlation coefficient [R] = 0.43, p = 0.046), whereas no correlation was observed with age (R = 0.13, p = 0.56). Serum VEGF levels were higher in patients with IH and fell after 1 month of oral propranolol treatment. Similar results, although less pronounced, were found after 3 months of treatment. Lesion volume and serum level of VEGF were significantly correlated.
Neonatal lupus erythematosus complicated by improved congenital complete heart block
Authors: Isayama Tetsuya , Inamura Noboru , Shiono Nobuko , Kitajima Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractComplete congenital heart block (CCHB) accompanied with neonatal lupus erythematosus is caused by an immune reaction between maternal anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies and the fetal heart and is generally considered an irreversible process. This reaction mostly occurs before 30 weeks' gestation, especially between the 20th and 24th week. Reported here is an atypical case of neonatal lupus erythematosus with CCHB detected after 32 weeks' gestation that showed postnatal improvement in the degree of heart block after preterm delivery and immunoglobulin use. The clinical condition of the infant worsened with an increase in heart rate due to possible cardiomyopathy induced by the immune reaction.
Giardiasis in a patient undergoing chemotherapy for retinoblastoma and acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Otsubo Keisuke , Sakaki‐Nakatsubo Hisano , Taneichi Hiromichi , Nomura Keiko , Miyawaki Toshio , Tokoro Masaharu , Kanegane Hirokazu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGiardiasis is a common cause of diarrhea in undeveloped countries, but is very rare in developed countries. A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia and retinoblastoma presented with a high fever and severe watery diarrhea during induction chemotherapy. On microscopy, cysts were seen in her stool, suggesting Giardia intestinalis, which was confirmed on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). G. intestinalis was also detected in the patient's asymptomatic parents, who may have transmitted it to the patient. Giardiasis should be tested for in patients with severe and persistent diarrhea during chemotherapy, when other etiologies have been excluded. PCR used to amplify the DNA of G. intestinalis is rapid and sensitive.
Rectal duplications accompanying rectovestibular fistula: Report of two cases
Authors: Pampal Arzu , Ozbayoglu Asli , Kaya Cem , Pehlivan Yildiz , Poyraz Aylar , Ozen I. Onur , Percin Ferda E. , Demirogullari Billur 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRectal duplication (RD) cysts are rare congenital anomalies that can be diagnosed with the presence of another opening in the perineum. They seldom accompany anorectal malformations (ARM). Two cases of RD accompanying ARM at opposite ends of the phenotypic spectrum, are described. A 3‐month‐old baby and a 2‐year‐old girl with ARM were scheduled for posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. The infant had an orifice at the anal dimple and the other had an orifice at the vestibulum posterior to the rectovestibular fistula. The infant presented with no other anomalies whereas the older one presented with an unusual coexistence of caudal duplication and caudal regression syndromes. Perioperatively both orifices were found to be related to retrorectal cysts, and were excised. Clinicians should always be alert when dealing with complex malformations. Because these malformations have variable anatomical and clinical presentations, they can represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Management of advanced‐stage neuroblastoma in a patient with 21‐hydroxalase deficiency
Authors: Utsunomiya Akari N , Okada Satoshi , Hara Keiichi , Miki Mizuka , Mizoguchi Yoko , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Miyagawa Shinichiro , Jinno Kazuhiko , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Sato Takashi , Kobayashi Masao 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA 2‐year‐old boy presented with a 21‐hydroxylase deficiency, associated with advanced‐stage neuroblastoma primarily occurring in the left adrenal gland. He required intensive chemotherapy with polypharmacy, followed by cord blood stem cell transplantation to treat the neuroblastoma. The precise adjustment of cortisol levels was crucial in this patient to prevent adrenal crisis. We administered hydrocortisone by continuous infusion while monitoring blood cortisol levels. As there are no published reports on the target cortisol levels for children, we used two control infants with advanced‐stage neuroblastoma, also undergoing chemotherapy and cord blood stem cell transplantation, to guide the continuous hydrocortisone therapy. The daily dose of hydrocortisone during chemotherapy required about threefold the normal treatment to avoid adrenal insufficiency. Continuous hydrocortisone therapy is feasible for preventing adrenal crisis and this report may provide an effective management for hydrocortisone replacement in 21‐hydroxylase‐deficient patients undergoing chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Co‐existence of renovascular hypertension, polyarteritis nodosa, antiphospholipid syndrome and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation
Authors: Yildiz Bilal , Cetin Nuran , Kural Nurdan , Kaya Tamer , Akcar Nevbahar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe present a hypertensive child with a co‐existence of polyarteritis nodosa, anti‐phospholipid antibodies (aPL), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation and increased lipoprotein a level. Elevated renin, aldosterone and aPL levels, micro‐aneurysms, occlusion and thrombosis at left and right renal artery were found. Anti‐hypertensive agents, prednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide therapy were started and a stent was inserted in the left renal artery. Two months later, brain magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance imaging angiography showed acute infarct area of the left parietofrontal lobe and middle cerebral artery stenosis. We found bilateral peripheral neuropathy, persistent aPL and elevated Lp(a) level and heterozygous A1298C/MTHFR mutation. Intravenous immunoglobulin and low‐molecular‐weight heparin treatment was added. In conclusion, our observation suggests that in patients with systemic vasculitis, such as polyarteritis nodosa, aPL are probably associated with greater thrombotic risks. The investigation of the LP(a) levels and MTHFR mutations as a synergic pro‐coagulant effect might also be considered for determining patients with vasculitis at risk for severe thrombotic events.
The adipokinetic hormones of African water bugs of the Heteropteran families Nepidae and Belostomatidae
Authors: GÄDE GERD , MARCO HEATHER G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFour African species of true water bugs (Nepomorpha: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are studied by mass spectrometry and biological assays to gain information on the presence, structure and function of peptides from the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) family, which are produced in the corpora cardiaca (CC). The water scorpion Laccotrephes fabricii Stål (Nepidae) has the peptide code‐named Peram‐CAH‐I with the sequence pGlu‐Val‐Asn‐Phe‐Ser‐Pro‐Asn‐Trp amide, whereas Appasus grassei Poisson (Belostomatidae) produces Anaim‐AKH, which is a Ser7 analogue of Peram‐CAH‐I (pGlu‐Val‐Asn‐Phe‐Ser‐Pro‐Ser‐Trp amide). The giant water bug Hydrocyrius columbiae Spinola (Belostomatidae) has two adipokinetic hormone family members: Anaim‐AKH and Letin‐AKH, which again differ only at position 7 (Ser7 versus Tyr7). When the sequence data are compared with current molecular phylogenetic analyses of Nepomorpha, they are essentially in agreement with the newest ideas on phylogenetic relationships among the families. Functional investigation of these peptides reveals a mainly lipid‐based energy metabolism in these insects, as demonstrated by a hyperlipaemic response after injecting crude CC extract or the appropriate peptide into the respective species. The carbohydrate concentration in the haemolymph is not affected by such injections, and the carbohydrate level in most cases is lower than that of the circulating lipids. During physical exercise, such as swimming for 1 h, carbohydrates may contribute to some extent to the provision of energy; the substantial increase in the concentration of lipids in the haemolymph, however, is a strong indicator that the peptides are released from the CC and act primarily as true adipokinetic hormones during this period of intense muscular activity.
Gender Differences in Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Vaccines: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Griffioen Mari , Halsey Neal 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine published studies of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHS) following vaccination and to determine whether women are at an increased risk of developing IHS after vaccination.Design and SamplePubMed was reviewed for vaccine articles reporting IHS by gender through June 2012. Data were abstracted on type of study, vaccine, hypersensitivity reaction, and statistic reported.MeasuresArticles were included if they described experimental, quasi‐experimental, correlational or descriptive studies and IHS was reported by gender.ResultsOf 847 articles found in PubMed, 11 met the inclusion criteria. In eight studies, more women than men reported IHS, in two studies more men than women reported IHS and in one study the count was even.ConclusionLimited data from these studies suggest that women may have higher rates of IHS reactions following vaccination than men. Limitations to the available data include the lack of denominator data and that the definition of IHS was not consistent across the studies. Large‐scale population‐based studies are indicated to determine if there are differences in rates by gender and biologic basis for these differences.
Distance to Frontier and New Import Growth
Authors: Mukerji Purba 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn a panel‐data study involving product‐level import data for 48 developing countries that underwent substantial trade liberalization between 1989 and 2001, this study finds that the growth of trade in new goods imported following major trade liberalization is related to the state of technology that existed just before liberalization. The study develops two new measures of the extensive margin. Findings indicate that greater is the distance of a country from the world technology frontier, the faster is its growth of new goods imports. This indicates a higher cost of trade protection for countries further away from the world technology frontier.
With Whom and Where You Play: Preschoolers' Social Context Predicts Peer Victimization
Authors: Andrews Naomi C. Z. , Hanish Laura D. , Fabes Richard A. , Martin Carol Lynn 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis short‐term longitudinal study assessed the relations between the social context of children's play (playgroup size, playgroup gender composition, and play setting) in the fall and peer victimization in the spring for low‐income, minority, preschool girls and boys. Gender differences in these associations, as well as the moderating effect of children's individual problem behavior, were considered. Using a multiple‐brief observation procedure, preschoolers' (N= 255, 49 percent girls) naturally occurring play in each type of social context was recorded throughout the fall semester. Observers also rated children's victimization and problem behaviors in the fall, and teachers rated children's victimization at the end of the school year. Findings suggested that social context variables predicted spring victimization above and beyond fall victimization and individual levels of problem behavior, and that these associations varied for boys and girls. The findings signify the importance of the social context on changes in peer victimization.
Evaluation of risk factors for vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus bacteremia among previously colonized hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Kang Y. , Vicente M. , Parsad S. , Brielmeier B. , Pisano J. , Landon E. , Pettit N.N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients colonized with vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) may have an increased risk of developing VRE bacteremia. Identification of risk factors for the development of subsequent VRE bacteremia among colonized HSCT recipients is necessary to predict which patients may benefit the most from receiving anti‐VRE antibiotic therapy as part of an initial antimicrobial regimen when gram‐positive bacteremia is suspected.MethodsThis study was a retrospective chart review conducted from May 2008 to May 2011. Adult HSCT patients admitted to the hospital found to have positive VRE surveillance cultures were included. A multivariate analysis was completed to identify risk factors for the development of VRE bacteremia in the study population.ResultsOf 152 patients, 19 (13%) patients developed subsequent VRE bacteremia. Risk factors identified for patients with current VRE colonization for VRE bacteremia were the utilization of vancomycin subsequent to VRE surveillance culture positivity (P = 0.017), prolonged duration of neutropenia (P = 0.001), immunosuppression (P < 0.001), and timing of first VRE surveillance screen positivity at week 1 (P = 0.005). A history of VRE colonization on a prior admission was not an independent risk factor for bacteremia in HSCT patients (P = 1.0). HSCT patients with VRE bacteremia had a 30‐day all‐cause inpatient mortality rate of 29% (P = 0.001).ConclusionHSCT patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, who have been exposed to vancomycin subsequent to surveillance culture positivity, have had prolonged neutropenia of >30 days, or first surveillance culture positive at week 1 of admission are potential candidates for early implementation of anti‐VRE therapy when a gram‐positive bacteremia is suspected.
A DYW‐protein knockout in Physcomitrella affects two closely spaced mitochondrial editing sites and causes a severe developmental phenotype
Authors: Schallenberg‐Rüdinger Mareike , Kindgren Peter , Zehrmann Anja , Small Ian , Knoop Volker 
Published: August 2013

SummaryRNA‐binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins carrying a carboxy‐terminal DYW domain similar to cytidine deaminases have been characterized as site‐specific factors for C‐to‐U RNA editing in plant organelles. Here we report that knockout of DYW‐PPR_65 in Physcomitrella patens causes a severe developmental phenotype in the moss and specifically affects two editing sites located 18 nucleotides apart on the mitochondrial ccmFC mRNA. Intriguingly, PPR_71, another DYW‐type PPR, had been identified previously as an editing factor specifically affecting only the downstream editing site, ccmFCeU122SF. The now characterized PPR_65 binds specifically only to the upstream target site, ccmFCeU103PS, in full agreement with a recent RNA‐recognition code for PPR arrays. The functional interference between the two editing events may be caused by a combination of three factors: (i) the destabilization of an RNA secondary structure interfering with PPR_71 binding by prior binding of PPR_65; (ii) the resulting upstream C–U conversion; or (iii) a direct interaction between the two DYW proteins. Indeed, we find the Physcomitrella DYW‐PPRs to interact in yeast‐two‐hybrid assays. The moss DYW‐PPRs also interact yet more strongly with MORF (Multiple Organellar RNA editing Factor)/RIP (RNA editing factor interacting proteins) proteins of Arabidopsis known to be general editing factors in flowering plants, although MORF homologues are entirely absent in the moss. Finally, we demonstrate binding of Physcomitrella DYW‐PPR_98, for which no KO lines could be raised, to its predicted target sequence upstream of editing site atp9eU92SL. Together with the functional characterization of DYW‐PPR_65, this completes the assignment of RNA editing factors to all editing sites in the Physcomitrella mitochondrial transcriptome.
Sky Islands of the Cameroon Volcanic Line: a diversification hot spot for puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachidae: Phrynobatrachus)
Authors: Zimkus Breda M. , Gvoždík Václav 
Published: August 2013

The continental highlands of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) represent biological ‘sky islands’ with high levels of species richness and endemism, providing the ideal opportunity to understand how orogenesis and historical climate change influenced species diversity and distribution in these isolated African highlands. Relationships of puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus) endemic to the CVL are reconstructed to examine the patterns and timing of puddle frog diversification. Historical distributions were reconstructed using both elevation and geography data. Puddle frogs diversified in the CVL via several dispersal and vicariance events, with most of the locally endemic species distributed across the northern part of the montane forest area in the Bamenda‐Banso Highlands (Bamboutos Mts., Mt. Lefo, Mt. Mbam, Mt. Oku and medium elevation areas connecting these mountains). Two new species, P. jimzimkusi sp. n. and P. njiomock sp. n., are also described based on molecular analyses and morphological examination. We find that these new species are most closely related to one another and P. steindachneri with the ranges of all three species overlapping at Mt. Oku. Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi sp. n. is distributed in the southern portion of the continental CVL, P. njiomock sp. n. is endemic to Mt. Oku, and P. steindachneri is present in the northeastern part of the montane forest area. Both new species can be distinguished from all other puddle frogs by a combination of morphological characters, including their large size, ventral coloration and secondary sexual characteristics present in males. These results highlight the Bamenda‐Banso Highlands, and specifically emphasize Mt. Oku, as a centre of diversification for puddle frogs, supporting the conservation importance of this region. Our results also provide new insights into the evolutionary processes shaping the CVL ‘sky islands’, demonstrating that lineage diversification in these montane amphibians is significantly older than expected with most species diverging from their closest relative in the Miocene. Whereas climatic changes during the Pliocene and Pleistocene shaped intraspecific diversification, most speciation events were significantly older and cannot be linked to Africa's aridification in response to Pleistocene climate fluctuations.