bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the Effects of Seasonally Varying Pumping on Intraborehole Flow and the Vulnerability of Public‐Supply Wells to Contamination
Authors: Yager Richard M. , Heywood Charles E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPublic‐supply wells with long screens in alluvial aquifers can produce waters of differing quality from different depths. Seasonal changes in quality are linked to seasonal changes in pumping rates that influence the distribution of flow into the well screens under pumping conditions and the magnitude and direction of intraborehole flow within the wells under ambient conditions. Groundwater flow and transport simulations with MODFLOW and MT3DMS were developed to quantify the effects of changes in average seasonal pumping rates on intraborehole flow and water quality at two long‐screened, public‐supply wells, in Albuquerque, New Mexico and Modesto, California, where widespread pumping has altered groundwater flow patterns. Simulation results indicate that both wells produce water requiring additional treatment to maintain potable quality in winter when groundwater withdrawals are reduced because less water is derived from parts of the aquifer that contain water requiring less treatment. Simulation results indicate that the water quality at both wells could be improved by increasing average winter‐pumping rates to induce more lateral flow from parts of the aquifer that contain better quality water. Arsenic‐bearing water produced by the Albuquerque well could be reduced from 55% to 45% by doubling average winter‐pumping rate, while nitrate‐ and uranium‐bearing water produced by the Modesto well could be reduced from 95% to 65% by nearly tripling the average winter‐pumping rate. Higher average winter‐pumping rates would also reduce the volume of intraborehole flow within both wells and prevent the exchange of poor quality water between shallow and deep parts of both aquifers.
The impact of amelogenesis imperfecta and support needs of adolescents with AI and their parents: an exploratory study
Authors: Sneller Jennifer , Buchanan Heather , Parekh Susan 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAmelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare inherited dental defect where enamel does not form properly on the teeth. Research has shown that adolescents with AI may experience adverse psychosocial effects; however the impact on parents has not been explored.AimsWe aimed to explore: (1) experience and perceptions of AI from both the adolescent and their parent's perspective (2) their views on the usefulness of an online support group (OSG) for patients/parents and the potential salient functions of such a resource.DesignWe conducted two focus groups; one for adolescent AI patients and one for their parents. Transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data: ‘Living with AI: Do I look bothered?’, ‘Need for the ‘right’ online environment’ and ‘Support needs: Information and beyond’.ConclusionsThe adolescents did not appear to experience adverse psychosocial effects of having AI, which was contrary to their parents' perceptions. Parents reported some adverse consequences of having a child with AI (e.g., practical challenges). If an OSG was to be developed, it would need to be primarily information based and moderated by an AI specialist. Parents may benefit from additional support beyond that of information, such as emotional and tangible support.
Correction of Biapical Radial Deformities by Use of Bi‐Level Hinged Circular External Fixation and Distraction Osteogenesis in 13 Dogs
Authors: Kwan Toni W. , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Harrysson Ola L.A. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo describe clinical, radiographic, and computed tomographic (CT) assessment of biapical deformities of the radius in dogs and evaluate the effectiveness of their management by use of bilevel hinged circular external fixation frames.Study designProspective, non‐randomized cohort study.AnimalsDogs (N = 26: 13 with 14 limbs operated, 13 controls).MethodsCT scans of the forelimbs were performed and CT‐based polymer replicas prepared. Rotation within the elbow joint, varus of the proximal portion of the radius, radial torsion, valgus of the distal portion of the radius, procurvatum, and rotation within the carpal joint were measured on radiographs, on polymer replicas, and on CT scans. Bilevel hinged circular external fixation frames were assembled on polymer replicas and identical frames were placed on dogs. Torsion was corrected acutely and angulation was corrected progressively. Functional outcome was assessed subjectively.ResultsBuckling was present preoperatively in operated limbs. Mean (±SD) varus of the proximal portion of the radius was 36 ± 8°, valgus of the distal portion of the radius was 32 ± 5°, external radial torsion was 35 ± 6°, procurvatum was 41 ± 10°, and medial translation was 44 ± 11 mm. Treatment duration was 80 ± 24 days. Buckling was not observed after surgery. Lameness scores improved in all dogs (P < .001).ConclusionsThe forelimbs of dogs with severe biapical radial deformities buckle and have increased radial head rotation and radial torsion. Biapical radial deformities can be managed with proximal and distal radial osteotomies and bilevel hinged circular external fixation.
Comparative Evaluation ofIn VitroMechanical Properties of Different Designs of Epoxy‐Pin External Skeletal Fixation Systems
Authors: Tyagi Surbhi Kuldeep , Aithal Hari Prasad , Kinjavdekar Prakash , Amarpal  , Pawde Abhijit Motiram , Srivastava Tuhin , Tyagi Kanti Prakash , Monsang Shongsir Warson 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo comparein vitrobiomechanical properties of different designs of epoxy‐pin external skeletal fixator (ESF) constructs.Study DesignMechanical testing study.Sample PopulationFour epoxy‐pin ESF design constructs (uniplanar [EU], multiplanar‐I [EM‐I], multiplanar‐II [EM‐II], and circular [EC]) were mechanically tested in compression, bending, and torsion.MethodsFour different designs of free‐form epoxy‐pin external fixator constructs were developed using 1.5 mm K‐wires and epoxy resin mounted in an ultra‐high density polyethylene rod (20 mm diameter). Three‐point fixation was done in each fragment, and the distance between fixation wires, and between the rod and the side bars was kept constant in all the designs. A 5 mm gap was maintained at the center of the fixation rod to simulate an unstable fracture condition. The fixator constructs (n = 12 of each design) were subjected to mechanical testing in axial compression, bending, or torsion. Load–deformation curves were generated and mechanical properties were compared between construct types.ResultsEU was the weakest design. Under compression, constructs EM‐I, EM‐II, and EC were similar. Under bending, EM‐I and EM‐II had similar strength, whereas EC was strongest. Under torsion, EC was strongest, followed by EM‐II, EM‐I, and EU; EM‐II provided double the rotational stability of EM‐I.ConclusionsOverall, EC followed by EM‐II epoxy‐pin fixator designs had better mechanical strength.
Culture and institutional agency: difference in judgments of economic behavior and organizational responsibilities
Authors: Lu Xiaowei , Yao Xiang , Cochran Christopher , Peng Kaiping 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe current research tested the concept of institutional agency (IA) and its implications for laypeople's attribution patterns related to economic behaviors and organizational responsibilities. The term “institutional agency” refers to a set of lay theories about whether or not an organization can have personhood and related mental properties, such as wishes, desires, intents, and responsibility. Through three cross‐cultural studies, we found that people do form certain beliefs about IA which are similar to the legal discourse of institutional responsibility. However, there are significant cultural differences in views of IA, and the concept is more mentally salient for Americans than for Chinese. In Study 1, we distinguished institutional from group agency by showing the cultural differences on attributions in the scenario with “individual vs. group agency” and the scenario with “individual vs. institutional agency.” In Study 2, we again demonstrated the stronger salience of IA for Americans than for Chinese by including the individual, group, and institutional agencies together in one scenario. In Study 3, we further demonstrated that the concept of IA is more salient for Americans by presenting three different agents in separate scenarios. The practical implications of these cultural differences for cross‐cultural understanding and the psychological effects of economic globalization are discussed.
SIRT1 regulates MAPK pathways in vitiligo skin: insight into the molecular pathways of cell survival
Authors: Becatti Matteo , Fiorillo Claudia , Barygina Victoria , Cecchi Cristina , Lotti Torello , Prignano Francesca , Silvestro Agrippino , Nassi Paolo , Taddei Niccolò 
Published: January 2014

AbstractVitiligo is an acquired and progressive hypomelanotic disease that manifests as circumscribed depigmented patches on the skin. The aetiology of vitiligo remains unclear, but recent experimental data underline the interactions between melanocytes and other typical skin cells, particularly keratinocytes. Our previous results indicate that keratinocytes from perilesional skin show the features of damaged cells. Sirtuins (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1, well‐known modulators of lifespan in many species, have a role in gene repression, metabolic control, apoptosis and cell survival, DNA repair, development, inflammation, neuroprotection and healthy ageing. In the literature there is no evidence for SIRT1 signalling in vitiligo and its possible involvement in disease progression. Here, biopsies were taken from the perilesional skin of 16 patients suffering from non‐segmental vitiligo and SIRT1 signalling was investigated in these cells. For the first time, a new SIRT1/Akt, also known as Protein Kinase B (PKB)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling has been revealed in vitiligo. SIRT1 regulates MAPK pathway via Akt‐apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase‐1 and down‐regulates pro‐apoptotic molecules, leading to decreased oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in perilesional vitiligo keratinocytes. We therefore propose SIRT1 activation as a novel way of protecting perilesional vitiligo keratinocytes from damage.
Drug‐induced pemphigoid: a review of the literature
Authors: Stavropoulos P.G. , Soura E. , Antoniou C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBullous pemphigoid is an acquired autoimmune disease that is characterized by subepidermal blistering and affects mainly the elderly. The pathogenesis of the condition has not yet been fully elucidated, but it is widely accepted that a strong correlation with various medications may exist. In reality, more than 50 different drugs have been associated with the appearance of bullous pemphigoid and as new therapies emerge, this number is very likely to increase. A number of pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed in the past. It is true that a delicate immunological balance is disturbed in all patients with the disease. The variable effects that may be exhibited by the use of biological drugs could shed some light in this complex immunological behaviour. At the same time, drug‐induced bullous pemphigoid is difficult to differentially diagnose from its idiopathic counterpart, as the clinical picture and histopathological findings in both conditions may only have subtle differences. Patients who present with bullous pemphigoid and receive multiple regimens should always be suspected of suffering from the drug‐induced variant of the condition. This possibility must be considered, as after the withdrawal of the suspect medication most patients respond rapidly to treatment and do not experience relapses.
Legitimation of New Ventures: A Review and Research Programme
Authors: Überbacher Florian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractResearch on how new ventures (NVs) achieve legitimacy is fragmented and rests on taken‐for‐granted assumptions that require problematization. Following a systematic literature review, I identify five distinct perspectives on NV legitimation: an institutional perspective, a cultural entrepreneurship perspective, an ecological perspective, an impression management perspective, and a social movement perspective. After comparing and contrasting these perspectives, I synthesize them into a generative and integrative typology. Based on this typology, I develop a new research programme. The programme widens the extant scholarship agenda by challenging its shared assumptions and contributes to further integration of the literature by building bridges between perspectives.
Low interbasin connectivity in a facultatively diadromous fish: evidence from genetics and otolith chemistry
Authors: Hughes Jane M. , Schmidt Daniel J. , Macdonald Jed I. , Huey Joel A. , Crook David A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSouthern smelts (Retropinna spp.) in coastal rivers of Australia are facultatively diadromous, with populations potentially containing individuals with diadromous or wholly freshwater life histories. The presence of diadromous individuals is expected to reduce genetic structuring between river basins due to larval dispersal via the sea. We use otolith chemistry to distinguish between diadromous and nondiadromous life histories and population genetics to examine interbasin connectivity resulting from diadromy. Otolith strontium isotope (87Sr:86Sr) transects identified three main life history patterns: amphidromy, freshwater residency and estuarine/marine residency. Despite the potential for interbasin connectivity via larval mixing in the marine environment, we found unprecedented levels of genetic structure for an amphidromous species. Strong hierarchical structure along putative taxonomic boundaries was detected, along with highly structured populations within groups using microsatellites (FST = 0.046–0.181), and mtDNA (ΦST = 0.498–0.816). The presence of strong genetic subdivision, despite the fact that many individuals reside in saline water during their early life history, appears incongruous. However, analysis of multielemental signatures in the otolith cores of diadromous fish revealed strong discrimination between river basins, suggesting that diadromous fish spend their early lives within chemically distinct estuaries rather than the more homogenous marine environment, thus avoiding dispersal and maintaining genetic structure.
Acute exposure to ultraviolet‐B radiation modulates sex steroid hormones and receptor expression in the skin and may contribute to the sex bias of melanoma in a fish model
Authors: Mitchell David L. , Fernandez André A. , Garcia Rachel , Paniker Lakshmi , Lin Kevin , Hanninen Amanda , Zigelsky Kyle , May Matthew , Nuttall Mark , Lo Herng‐Hsiang , Person Maria D. , Earley Ryan 
Published: January 2014

SummaryUsing the Xiphophorus fish melanoma model, we show a strong male bias for sunlight‐induced malignant melanoma, consistent with that seen in the human population. To examine underlying factors, we exposed adult X. couchianus fish to a single, sublethal dose of UVB and measured circulating sex steroid hormones and expression of associated hormone receptor genes over a 24‐h period. We found that a single exposure had profound effects on circulating levels of steroid hormones with significant decreases for all free sex steroids at 6 and 24 h and increases in conjugated 2‐estradiol and 11‐ketotestosterone at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Whereas ARα expression increased in male and female skin, neither ARβ nor either of the ERs showed significant responses to UVB in either sex. The rapid response of male androgens and their receptors in the skin after UVB irradiation implicates hormones in the male bias of skin cancer and suggests that the photoendocrine response immediately after UV exposure may be relevant to melanomagenesis.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Novel Giant
Pseudomonas
Phage PaBG
Authors: Sykilinda Nina N. , Bondar Alexander A. , Gorshkova Anna S. , Kurochkina Lidia P. , Kulikov Eugene E. , Shneider Mikhail M. , Kadykov Vassily A. , Solovjeva Natalia V. , Kabilov Marsel R. , Mesyanzhinov Vadim V. , Vlassov Valentin V. , Drukker Valentin V. , Miroshnikov Konstantin A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

The novel giant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteriophage PaBG was isolated from a water sample of the ultrafreshwater Lake Baikal. We report the complete genome sequence of this
Myoviridae
bacteriophage, comprising 258,139 bp of double-stranded DNA containing 308 predicted open reading frames.
Draft Genome Sequence of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula
Authors: Pettersson B. M. Fredrik , Behra P. R. Krishna , Manduva Satyam , Das Sarbashis , Dasgupta Santanu , Bhattacharya Alok , Kirsebom Leif A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe have sequenced the genome ofSaccharopolyspora rectivirgula, the causative agent of farmer's lung disease. The draft genome consists of 182 contigs totaling 3,977,051 bp, with a GC content of 68.9%.
Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain 2886-75, Associated with the First Reported Case of Human Infection in the United States
Authors: Sanjar Fatemeh , Hazen Tracy H. , Shah Sadiq M. , Koenig Sara S. K. , Agrawal Sonia , Daugherty Sean , Sadzewicz Lisa , Tallon Luke J. , Mammel Mark K. , Feng Peter , Soderlund Robert , Tarr Phillip I. , DebRoy Chitrita , Dudley Edward G. , Cebula Thomas A. , Ravel Jacques , Fraser Claire M. , Rasko David A. , Eppinger Mark 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

First identified in 1982 as a human pathogen, enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
of the O157:H7 serotype is a major cause of food-borne acquired human infections. Here, we report the genome sequence of the first known strain of this serotype isolated in the United States.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces niveus NCIMB 11891, Producer of the Aminocoumarin Antibiotic Novobiocin
Authors: Flinspach Katrin , Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn , Heide Lutz , Apel Alexander Kristian 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces niveus
NCIMB 11891 is the producer of the gyrase inhibitor novobiocin, which belongs to the aminocoumarin class of antibiotics. The genome sequence of this strain was found to contain, besides the gene cluster for novobiocin, a putative gene cluster for the macrolactam antibiotic BE-14106 and further secondary metabolite gene clusters.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces roseochromogenes
subsp.
oscitans
DS 12.976, Producer of the Aminocoumarin Antibiotic Clorobiocin
Authors: Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn , Heide Lutz , Apel Alexander Kristian 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces roseochromogenes
subsp.
oscitans
DS 12.976 is the producer of the gyrase-inhibiting aminocoumarin antibiotic clorobiocin. Here, we present a draft genome sequence of this strain, in which we identified the clorobiocin gene cluster as well as an unusually high number (43) of further putative secondary metabolite clusters.
A novel multipatient intranasal diamorphine spray for use in acute pain in children: pharmacovigilance data from an observational study
Authors: Kendall Jason , Maconochie Ian , Wong Ian C K , Howard Richard 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo establish the safety of an intranasal diamorphine (IND) spray in children.DesignAn open-label, single-dose pharmacovigilance trial.SettingEmergency departments in eight UK hospitals.ParticipantsChildren aged 2–16 years with a fracture or other trauma.Outcome measuresAdverse events (AE) specifically related to nasal irritation, respiratory and central nervous system depression.Results226 patients received 0.1 mg/kg IND. No serious or severe AEs occurred. The incidence of treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) was 26.5% (95% CI 20.9% to 32.8%), 93% being mild. 89% were related to treatment, all being known effects of the drug or route of administration except for three events in two patients. 20.4% (95% CI 15.3% to 26.2%) patients reported nasal irritation, all mild except one moderate and one ‘unknown’ severity. No respiratory depression was reported. Three AEs related to reduced Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) occurred, all mild.ConclusionsThere were no safety concerns raised during the conduct of the study. In addition to expected side effects, IND can cause mild nasal irritation in a proportion of patients.European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trial No2009-014982-16.
Blast-mediated traumatic amputation: evidence for a revised, multiple injury mechanism theory
Authors: Singleton James A G , Gibb I E , Bull A M J , Clasper J C 
Published: January 2014

IntroductionThe accepted mechanism of blast-mediated traumatic amputation (TA) is blast wave induced fracture followed by limb avulsion from the blast wind, generating a transosseous amputation. Blast-mediated through-joint TAs were considered extremely rare with published prevalence <2%. Previous studies have also suggested that TA is frequently associated with fatal primary blast lung injury (PBLI). However, recent evidence suggests that the mechanism of TA and the link with fatal primary blast exposure merit review.MethodsA trauma registry (UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry) and postmortem CT (PM-CT) database were used to identify casualties (survivors and deaths) sustaining a blast-mediated TA in the 2 years from August 2008. TA metrics and associated significant injuries were recorded. Detailed anatomical data on extremity predebridement osseous and soft tissue injuries were only consistently available for deaths through comprehensive PM-CT imaging.Results146 cases (75 survivors and 71 deaths) sustaining 271 TAs (130 in survivors and 141 in deaths) were identified. The lower limb was most commonly affected (117/130 in survivors, 123/141 in deaths). The overall through-joint TA rate was 47/271 (17.3%) and 34/47 through-joint injuries (72.3%) were through knee. More detailed anatomical analysis facilitated by PM-CT imaging revealed only 9/34 through-joint TAs had a contiguous fracture (ie, intra-articular involving the joint through which TA occurred), 18/34 had no fracture and 7/34 had a non-contiguous (ie, remote from the level of TA) fracture. No relationship between PBLI and TA was evident.ConclusionsThe previously reported link between TA and PBLI was not present, calling into question the significance of primary blast injury in causation of blast mediated TAs. Furthermore, the accepted mechanism of injury can't account for the significant number of through-joint TAs. The high rate of through-joint TAs with either no associated fracture or a non-contiguous fracture (74%) is supportive of pure flail as a mechanism for blast-mediated TA.