bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue compatibility and pharmacokinetics of three potential subcutaneous injectables for low-pH drug solutions
Authors: Wu Zimei , Tucker Ian G , Razzak Majid , McSporran Keith , Medlicott Natalie J 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the tissue tolerance and bioavailability of four formulations containing 5% ricobendazole solubilised at low pH, following subcutaneous injection in sheep. Formulations were: a water-in-oil emulsion, a microemulsion, a hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD, 20%) drug solution, and a low-pH drug solution (reference).

Methods
In-vitro cytotoxicity of the formulations was investigated in L929 fibroblasts using MTS viability and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. Each formulation and respective vehicle was injected into either side of the back of a sheep to investigate the tissue tolerance and pharmacokinetics.

Key findings
In-vitro studies suggested that both the emulsion and the microemulsion are unlikely to give a burst release of the low-pH drug solution in aqueous media. The microemulsion showed the greatest in-vitro cytotoxic effect but no significant difference was observed between the other formulations. In sheep, the three new formulations and vehicles caused little or no injection-site reactions compared with a marked response to the reference formulation. Bioavailabilities of HP-β-CD formulation, emulsion and microemulsion formulations, relative to the reference formulation, were 194, 155 and 115%, respectively.

Conclusions
The three new subcutaneous injectables showed promise for reducing irritation of low-pH solubilised ricobendazole. HP-β-CD significantly enhanced the drug absorption. Controlling the burst release of the low-pH drug solution may improve tissue tolerance and minimise post-injection precipitation, and hence increase drug bioavailability. The in-vitro cytotoxicity studies did not predict the in-vivo irritation effects.
Cupules and fruits of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan, southwestern China
Authors: Mu Xian-Yun , Li Jian-Xia , Xia Xiao-Fei , Zhao Liang-Cheng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCupules and fruits from the Early to Middle Miocene of Yunnan, southwestern China, are assigned to the genus Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) based on morphological and anatomical characters. The cupules are often in tight clusters of three or two, cup‐ or deeply bowl‐shaped, valveless, covered with imbricate and appressed blunt scales, containing a single fruit in each cupule and enclosing about half or most of the fruit. The fruits are characterized by having a usually broadly conical shape, relatively small size and a concave abscission scar. The fruit wall is composed of a palisade‐shaped exocarp, a multi‐layered mesocarp and a thin, one‐layered endocarp. A new species, Lithocarpus longchuanensis sp. nov., is described. From the modern geographical distribution and known reliable fossil records, we infer that Lithocarpus migrated between eastern Asia and Europe via the Turgai Strait in the Oligocene, but probably was never present in North America. The new species represents the only confirmed occurrence of Lithocarpus fossil cupules and fruits from the Tertiary and provides insights into cupule and fruit evolution.
Principles of Verbal Communication in Advertising Communication
Authors: Гончарова  , Goncharova Lyubov 
Published: September 2015

The article is devoted to the principles of verbal communication andinteraction
with the addressee in advertising. The approaches to the communication
with a consumer in terms of information or the provision of psychological
impact.Analyzes the definitions used in the literature on advertising. We
distinguish concepts such as the advertising message, advertising appeal,
advertising information, advertising communication.
Some Features of the Conceptual Analysis in Linguistic Researches (on Internet Communication Material)
Authors: Герасимова  , Gerasimova Marina 
Published: September 2015

This article specifies to inability to discern lexical and conceptual analysis.
Particular qualities of analysis of concepts are considered. Article proves
that concepts are isomorphic to lexical language system and that they are
constructs, science abstractions with respect to those language phenomenon,
that can be directly observed.
Practice Prize Paper—Implementing Integrated Marketing Science Modeling at a Non-Profit Organization: Balancing Multiple Business Objectives at Georgia Aquarium
Authors: Kumar V. , Sharma Amalesh , Donthu Naveen , Rountree Carey 
Published: September 2015

Georgia Aquarium (GA), a non-profit organization, is the world’s second largest aquarium (by water volume) and is among the most popular tourist destinations in the United States. Recently GA management has observed that the organization’s growth trajectory is stagnating. While other aquariums face a similar trend, GA wants to be proactive and reverse this direction. They face a multifaceted business challenge involving four conflicting objectives: (1) How to increase revenues without increasing ticket prices; (2) how to increase attendance without compromising visitor satisfaction; (3) how to increase the impact of media investments without spending more; (4) how to attract customers with long-term value potential. To address these challenges, we developed an integrated approach consisting of multiple marketing science models including Data Envelopment Analysis, Competition Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Media Optimization Analysis, and Pass Holder Lifetime Net Revenue Analysis. Based on the findings of our analyses and the parameter estimates of our models, GA proceeded with a field implementation to validate our suggestions. As a result, they realized a 10% increase in attendance and a 12% increase in revenue in 2013, thereby enhancing their bottom line and growth. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0932 .
Does Diversification Create Value in the Presence of External Financing Constraints? Evidence from the 2007–2009 Financial Crisis
Authors: Kuppuswamy Venkat , Villalonga Belén 
Published: September 2015

We show that the value of corporate diversification increased during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. Diversification gave firms both financing and investment advantages. First, conglomerates became significantly more leveraged relative to comparable focused firms. Second, conglomerates’ access to internal capital markets became more valuable, not just because external capital markets became more costly but also because the efficiency of internal capital allocation increased significantly during the crisis. Our analysis provides new evidence on how and why the value of diversification varies with financial constraints and economic conditions, and it suggests that corporate diversification can serve an important insurance function for investors. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
A Matter of (Relational) Style: Loan Officer Consistency and Exchange Continuity in Microfinance
Authors: Canales Rodrigo , Greenberg Jason 
Published: September 2015

Social scientists have long considered what mechanisms underlie repeated exchange. Three mechanisms have garnered the majority of this attention: formal contracts, relational contracts, and relationally embedded social ties. Although each mechanism has its virtues, all three exhibit a common limitation: an inability to fully explain the continuation and stability of intertemporal exchange between individuals and organizations in the face of change. Drawing on extensive quantitative data on approximately 450,000 microfinance loans made by a microfinance institution in Mexico from 2004 to 2008 that include random assignment of loan officers, this research proposes the concept of ”relational styles” to help explain how repeated exchange is possible in the face of personnel change. We define relational styles as systematically reoccurring patterns of interaction employed by social actors within and across exchange relationships—in this paper, between microfinance clients and loan officers. We show that relational styles that are consistent facilitate a clear understanding of expectations and thus exchange. We also demonstrate that consistency in the relational styles followed by successive loan officers mitigates the negative impact of a broken loan officer–client tie. This paper thus proposes and empirically tests a social mechanism based on relational styles that often accompanies relational embeddedness, but which may also serve as a partial substitute for it. This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
Well-posedness for coupled bulk-interface diffusion with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Disser Karoline 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a quasilinear parabolic system of equations describing coupled bulk and interface diffusion, including mixed boundary conditions. The setting naturally includes non-smooth domains Ω. We show local well-posedness using maximal Ls
-regularity in dual Sobolev spaces of type

W

-
1
,
q

(
Ω
)

$W^{-1,q}(\Omega )$

for the associated abstract Cauchy problem.
Radical scavenging activity of extruded corn gruels with addition of linden inflorescence
Authors: Oniszczuk Anna , Oniszczuk Tomasz , Wójtowicz Agnieszka , Wojtunik Karolina , Kwaśniewska Anita , Waksmundzka-Hajnos Monika 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Antioxidant activity is one of the most desirable properties of natural compounds. Among these substances are phenolic compounds which exhibit excellent antiradical activity. The main aim of the present study was determination of the free radical scavenging activity of gruels with 5, 10 and 20% addition of linden inflorescence. The studies were based on two methods: TLC-bioautographic assay and spectrophotometric analysis using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical). The obtained results indicate that the radical scavenging properties of the extracts are positively correlated with the content of phenolic compounds in gruels and that a high-temperature extrusion process does not deactivate antioxidant polyphenolic compounds.
FT-Raman spectroscopy as a tool in evaluation
the response of plants to drought stress
Authors: Rys Magdalena , Szaleniec Maciej , Skoczowski Andrzej , Stawoska Iwona , Janeczko Anna 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The aim of study was to evaluate the usefulness of FT-Raman spectroscopy in assessing stress-induced metabolic changes in plants. 20-d-old optimally watered plants of soybean were exposed to drought. Metabolic changes in optimally watered and drought-stressed plants were monitored using FT-Raman spectroscopy. In parallel, analyses were carried out of fatty acid composition and pigment content using analytical methods. These compounds are associated with the response of plants to environmental stress. While fatty acid assays in study were inconclusive, the pigment content analysis gave promising results. FT-Raman experiment demonstrated a decrease in carotenoid content in leaf, as a result of drought, which was confirmed by spectrophotometric analysis. In addition to the analysis of aforementioned compounds, FT-Raman spectroscopy allowed the simultaneous observation of
a wider spectrum of compounds scattering the radiation in the leaves tested, and their subsequent comparative analysis. The impact of drought on metabolism of soybean was clearly visible on spectra and confirmed using cluster analysis. The technical problem of the influence of leaf water content on measurements, which appeared in studies, will be discussed. To conclude, FT-Raman spectroscopy may be a good complement to other non-invasive methods, e.g., fluorescent methods, in assessing the stress-induced damage of crops.
Efficacy and safety of a single monthly dose of cholecalciferol in healthy school children
Authors: Kuchay Mohammad Shafi , Jevalikar Ganesh Sudhakar , Mithal Ambrish , Mishra Sunil Kumar , Dang Navin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single monthly dose of cholecalciferol in healthy school children.A total of 118 children of class VI of a residential school were selected to receive vitamin D supplementation in the form of oral cholecalciferol 60,000 IU monthly. Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were estimated at 0 and 12 months. The proportion of subjects achieving vitamin D sufficiency was assessed.The mean 25OHD levels increased significantly from 12.04±5.27 ng/mL at baseline to 32.6±7.05 ng/mL after 12 months of supplementation (p<0.001). None developed hypercalcemia.Vitamin D supplementation in the doses of 60,000 IU monthly is a reasonable, safe and cost-effective regimen for children to attain and maintain vitamin D sufficiency.
Prepubertal gynecomastia and chronic lavender exposure: report of three cases
Authors: Diaz Alejandro , Luque Laura , Badar Zain , Kornic Steve , Danon Marco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrepubertal gynecomastia is a rare condition characterized by the growth of breast tissue in males as a consequence of early exposure to sexual hormones. When this condition is present, pathological sources of testosterone/estrogen production, such as adrenal or gonadal tumors must be searched for. A few reports have described an association between gynecomastia and substances that produce stimulation of the estrogen receptor, such as lavender and tea tree oil.Here we describe the cases of three boys who presented with prepubertal gynecomastia and were chronically exposed to lavender. Two of these boys were exposed to a cologne, namedWe studied a sample of the cologne used by one of the patients. Analysis of the chemical composition of theExposure to estrogenic substances, such as lavender, should be explored in children presenting with prepubertal gynecomastia/thelarche.
Alginate/porous silica matrices for the encapsulation of living organisms: tunable properties for biosensors, modular bioreactors, and bioremediation devices
Authors: Perullini Mercedes , Calcabrini Mariano , Jobbágy Matías , Bilmes Sara A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:The encapsulation of living cells within inorganic silica hydrogels is a promising strategy for the design of biosensors, modular bioreactors, and bioremediation devices, among other interesting applications, attracting scientific and technological interest. These hostguest multifunctional materials (HGFM) combine synergistically specific biologic functions of their guest with those of the host matrix enhancing their performance. Although inorganic immobilization hosts present several advantages over their (bio)polymer-based counterparts in terms of chemical and physical stability, the direct contact of cells with silica precursors during synthesis and the constraints imposed by the inorganic host during operating conditions have proved to influence their biological response. Recently, we proposed an alternative two-step procedure including a pre-encapsulation in biocompatible polymers such as alginates in order to confer protection to the biological guest during the inorganic and more cytotoxic synthesis. By means of this procedure, whole cultures of microorganisms remain confined in small liquid volumes generated inside the inorganic host, providing near conventional liquid culture conditions.Moreover, the fact of protecting the biological guest during the synthesis of the host, allows extending the synthesis parameters beyond biocompatible conditions, tuning the microstructure of the matrix. In turn, the microstructure (porosity at the nanoscale, radius of gyration of particles composing the structure, and fractal dimension of particle clusters) is determinant of macroscopic parameters, such as optical quality and transport properties that govern the encapsulation material’s performance. Here, we review the most interesting applications of the two-step procedure, making special emphasis on the optimization of optical, transport and mechanical properties of the host as well as in the interaction with the guest during operation conditions.
Perceived justice and recovery satisfaction: the moderating role of customer-perceived quality
Authors: Jha Subhash , Balaji M.S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Recovery strategies are critical to service providers in their efforts to maintain satisfied and loyal customers. While the existing research shows that recovery satisfaction is a function of customer perception of distributive, procedural and interactional justice, the present study considers an important contextual factor - customer-perceived quality of the service provider in the evaluation of justice dimensions and satisfaction. To test the hypotheses proposed, a survey was carried out in the mobile services context. The findings reveal that customer-perceived quality affects the evaluation of justice dimensions and its outcomes. The findings reveal that while distributive justice enhances recovery satisfaction for low perceived quality services, the procedural justice resulted in greater satisfaction in high perceived quality services. Thus, by understanding the role of customer-perceived quality, service managers can deliver effective recovery strategies thereby enhancing satisfaction and loyalty.
Factors influencing consumers’ light commercial vehicle purchase intention in a developing country
Authors: Kemal Çelik , Erkan Oktay , Muhsin Doğan Ebül , Ömer Özhancı 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to determine factors affecting the intention to purchase a light commercial vehicle that may be influential in a developing country. For this purpose, a self-administered survey was conducted on 408 people living in Erzurum city, North-Eastern Turkey. The data of the survey was analyzed using binary logistic regression model due to the discrete and categorical nature of the dependent variable. Results revealed that gender, age, monthly income, household size, type of driving license, type of fuel, a significant increase in the monthly income, and costs of having SRC-K licenses were significant determinants of consumers’ light commercial vehicle demand. Whilst consumers’ automotive demand has been extensively studied, little research has been concentrated on light commercial vehicle demand. In this respect, the outcome of this study may provide valuable insights for the existing consumer demand literature in terms of light commercial vehicle purchase intention
Properties of Pd nanograins in C-Pd composite films obtained by PVD method
Authors: Kozłowski M. , Czerwosz E. , Radomska J. , Sobczak K. , Dłużewski P.A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Properties of palladium nanograins obtained by sedimentation of a soluted C-Pd film prepared by PVD method are presented. These properties were studied using SEM and TEM methods. Dissolved films were prepared by PVD method and after dissolving, they were fractionated to obtain different parts classified with palladium nanograins diameters. Several classes of diameters were determined: below 20 nm, between 20 and 100 nm and above 100 nm. The defects and triple junction were observed. Multishell carbonaceous structures were found in the big and medium size Pd nanograins.
Transition metal complexes of symmetrical and asymmetrical Schiff bases as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer agents: progress and prospects
Authors: Ejidike Ikechukwu P. , Ajibade Peter A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe huge research on Schiff base coordination complexes in the past few decades has given rise to several new molecules that have been of biological importance. The ease with which the Schiff base ligands are designed and prepared and their pattern is elucidated have made them to be referred to as “fortunate ligands” possessing azomethine derivatives, the C=N linkage that is essential for biological activity, including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, and diuretic activities. A variety of Schiff base and its complexes have been studied as model molecules for biological oxygen carrier systems. The uses of Schiff bases as DNA-cleaving agents and its mode of interaction and free-radical scavenging properties are described. The review encapsulates the applications of Schiff bases and their complexes.
Non-Pollen Palynomorphs from Mid-Holocene Peat of the Raised Bog Borsteler Moor (Lower Saxony, Germany)
Authors: Shumilovskikh Lyudmila S. , Schlütz Frank , Achterberg Inke , Bauerochse Andreas , Leuschner Hanns Hubert 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In order to reconstruct regional vegetation changes and local conditions during the fen-bog transition in the Borsteler Moor (northwestern Germany), a sediment core covering the period be tween 7.1 and 4.5 cal kyrs BP was palynologically investigated. The pollen diagram demonstrates the dominance of oak forests and a gradual replacement of trees by raised bog vegetation with the wetter conditions in the Late Atlantic. At ~ 6 cal kyrs BP, the non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP) demonstrate the succession from mesotrophic conditions, clearly indicated by a number of fun gal spore types, to oligotrophic conditions, indicated by Sphagnum spores, Bryophytomyces sphagni, and testate amoebae Amphitrema, Assulina and Arcella, etc. Four relatively dry phases during the transition from fen to bog are clearly indicated by the dominance of Calluna and associated fungi as well as by the in crease of microcharcoal. Several new NPP types are described and known NPP types are identified. All NPP are discussed in the context of their palaeoecological indicator values.
Anthropogenic Transformation of the Vegetation in the Immediate Vicinity of the Settlement Complex at Poganowo (Mrągowo Lakeland, Ne Poland)
Authors: Szal Marta , Kupryjanowicz Mirosława , Wyczółkowski Mariusz 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The results of pollen, non-pollen palynomorph and microcharcoal particle analyses of deposits from a small pond in north eastern Poland are presented. The study focused on human-induced vegetation changes that occurred in a close vicinity of the settlement complex at Poganowo during the Middle Ages (ca 10th-16th centuries). We distinguished three phases of human impact. First and third phases correspond to intensified settlement activity. The second phase was a period when human activity decreased and woodland regeneration took place. The high incidence of the parasitic fungus Kretzschmaria deusta in a local forest stand during the third phase was simultaneous with numerous spores of coprophilous fungi (Sordaria-type and Cercophora-type). We consider that Kretzschmaria deusta inhabited the roots and bases of tree trunks damaged by digging and grazing animals.