bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Analysis of Eyring Prandtl Fluid Model for Blood Flow in Stenosed Arteries
Authors: Akbar Noreen Sher , Nadeem S. , Lee Changhoon 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this article, we have examined biomechanical analysis of Eyring Prandtl fluid model for blood flow in stenosed arteries. Blood flow in arteries is an important phenomenon from biological and medical point of view. No one can survive without blood flow in tapered arteries. Blood flow is the continuous running of blood in the cardiovascular system. The human body is made up of several processes all carrying out various functions. We have the gastrointestinal system which aids the digestion and the absorption of food. We also have the respiratory system which is responsible for the absorption of O2 and elimination of CO2. The urinary system removes waste from the body. The cardiovascular system helps to distribute food, O2 and other products of metabolism. The reproductive system is responsible for perpetuating the species. The nervous and endocrine system is responsible for coordinating the integration and functions of other system. The equations govern the flow for considered model are presented in cylindrical coordinates. Perturbation solutions are developed in terms of small Eyring Prandtl fluid parameter β for the velocity, impedance resistance, wall shear stress and shearing stress at the stenosis throat. Three types of arteries i.e converging, diverging and non-tapered arteries have been considered for the analysis and discussion. Graphical results have been presented for different physical parameters of the flow problem. Streamlines have been plotted at the end of the article. We observed that due to increase in Eyring Prandtl fluid parameter α, β the stenosis shape n and maximum height of the stenosis δ the velocity profile increases.
Solving Nonlinear Problems with Singular Initial Conditions Using A Perturbed Scalar Homotopy Method
Authors: Ku Cheng-Yu , Tsai Yung-Hsien 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this paper, a novel method, named the perturbed scalar homotopy method, is proposed to solve nonlinear systems with a singular Jacobian matrix. The concept of the proposed perturbed scalar homotopy method roots from the conventional homotopy method but it takes the advantages of converting a vector function to a scalar function by using the square norm of the vector function to conduct a scalar-based homotopy method. Then, a small parameter, which is similar to the perturbation theory, is introduced to the singular systems of nonlinear equations such that the modified singular systems of nonlinear equations become nonsingular and the asymptotic solutions may be found. As a result, the proposed novel method does not need to calculate the inverse of the Jacobian matrix and thus has great numerical stability. In addition, the formulation of the proposed method reveals that this new method is exponentially convergent with the use of the exponential time function. Results obtained show that the proposed novel method can be used to solve singular systems of nonlinear equations with high accuracy as well as the convergence and it may be a better alternative for solving a system of non-linear algebraic equations.
Disruption of the Rice Plastid Ribosomal Protein S20 Leads to Chloroplast Developmental Defects and Seedling Lethality
Authors: Gong Xiaodi , Jiang Quan , Xu Jianlong , Zhang Jianhui , Teng Sheng , Lin Dongzhi , Dong Yanjun 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) are essential for ribosome biogenesis, plastid protein biosynthesis, chloroplast differentiation, and early chloroplast development. This study identifies the first rice PRP mutant, asl1 (albino seedling lethality1), which exhibits an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage. This albino phenotype was associated with altered chlorophyll (Chl) content and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning revealed that ASL1 encodes PRP S20 (PRPS20), which localizes to the chloroplast. ASL1 showed tissue-specific expression, as it was highly expressed in plumule and young seedlings but expressed at much lower levels in other tissues. In addition, ASL1 expression was regulated by light. The transcript levels of nuclear genes for Chl biosynthesis and chloroplast development were strongly affected in asl1 mutants; transcripts of some plastid genes for photosynthesis were undetectable. Our findings indicate that nuclear-encoded PRPS20 plays an important role in chloroplast development in rice.
Identification of Genes Interacting with rnt-1 Through Large-Scale RNAi Screening in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lee Kiho , Shim Jiwon , Lee Jihyun , Lee Junho 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Although many critical roles of the RUNX family proteins have already been identified, little attention has been given to how these proteins interact with other factors. Elucidating RUNX protein interactions will help extend our understanding of their roles in normal development and tumorigenesis. In this study, we performed large-scale RNAi screening to identify genes that genetically interact with rnt-1, the sole homolog of RUNX protein in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To this end, we took advantage of the fact that C. elegans can survive a severe loss of RNT-1 function with only mild phenotypes, and we looked for genes that caused a synthetic phenotype in the rnt-1 mutant background. We identified seven genes, three of which (cdk-8, cic-1, and sur-2) are involved in transcription, two of which (pgp-2 and cct-5) are involved in stress response, and two of which (D2045.7 and W09D10.4) are involved in signaling cascades, according to their functional gene ontology terms. We further confirmed that the CDK8-containing mediator complex genetically interacts with RNT-1 by showing that knockdown of each component of the CDK8 mediator complex caused a synthetic phenotype, that is, the exploded intestine through the vulva (Eiv) phenotype, in the rnt-1 mutant background. We also identified a putative target gene, acs-4, which is regulated by the RNT-1 and CDK8 mediator complex. Our results strengthen the notion that the CDK8 mediator complex may also act together with RUNX proteins in mammals.
Mechanisms of Ephrin Receptor Protein Kinase-Independent Signaling in Amphid Axon Guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Grossman Emily N , Giurumescu Claudiu A , Chisholm Andrew D 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are key conserved regulators of axon guidance and can function in a variety of signaling modes. Here we analyze the genetic and cellular requirements for Eph signaling in a Caenorhabditis elegans axon guidance choice point, the ventral guidance of axons in the amphid commissure. The C. elegans Eph receptor EFN-1 has both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent roles in amphid ventral guidance. Of the four C. elegans ephrins, we find that only EFN-1 has a major role in amphid axon ventral guidance, and signals in both a receptor kinase-dependent and kinase-independent manner. Analysis of EFN-1 and EFN-1 expression and tissue-specific requirements is consistent with a model in which VAB-1 acts in amphid neurons, interacting with EFN-1 expressed on surrounding cells. Unexpectedly, left-hand neurons are more strongly affected than right-hand neurons by loss of Eph signaling, indicating a previously undetected left–right asymmetry in the requirement for Eph signaling. By screening candidate genes involved in Eph signaling, we find that the Eph kinase-independent pathway involves the ABL-1 nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and possibly the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Overexpression of ABL-1 is sufficient to rescue EFN-1 ventral guidance defects cell autonomously. Our results reveal new aspects of Eph signaling in a single axon guidance decision in vivo.
Coordination and Processing of DNA Ends During Double-Strand Break Repair: The Role of the Bacteriophage T4 Mre11/Rad50 (MR) Complex
Authors: Almond Joshua R , Stohr Bradley A , Panigrahi Anil K , Albrecht Dustin W , Nelson Scott W , Kreuzer Kenneth N 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The in vivo functions of the bacteriophage T4 Mre11/Rad50 (MR) complex (gp46/47) in double-strand-end processing, double-strand break repair, and recombination-dependent replication were investigated. The complex is essential for T4 growth, but we wanted to investigate the in vivo function during productive infections. We therefore generated a suppressed triple amber mutant in the Rad50 subunit to substantially reduce the level of complex and thereby reduce phage growth. Growth-limiting amounts of the complex caused a concordant decrease in phage genomic recombination-dependent replication. However, the efficiencies of double-strand break repair and of plasmid-based recombination-dependent replication remained relatively normal. Genetic analyses of linked markers indicated that double-strand ends were less protected from nuclease erosion in the depleted infection and also that end coordination during repair was compromised. We discuss models for why phage genomic recombination-dependent replication is more dependent on Mre11/Rad50 levels when compared to plasmid recombination-dependent replication. We also tested the importance of the conserved histidine residue in nuclease motif I of the T4 Mre11 protein. Substitution with multiple different amino acids (including serine) failed to support phage growth, completely blocked plasmid recombination-dependent replication, and led to the stabilization of double-strand ends. We also constructed and expressed an Mre11 mutant protein with the conserved histidine changed to serine. The mutant protein was found to be completely defective for nuclease activities, but retained the ability to bind the Rad50 subunit and double-stranded DNA. These results indicate that the nuclease activity of Mre11 is critical for phage growth and recombination-dependent replication during T4 infections.
Transgene-Free Genome Editing in Caenorhabditis elegans Using CRISPR-Cas
Authors: Chiu Hui , Schwartz Hillel T , Antoshechkin Igor , Sternberg Paul W 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas is an efficient method for genome editing in organisms from bacteria to human cells. We describe a transgene-free method for CRISPR-Cas-mediated cleavage in nematodes, enabling RNA-homology-targeted deletions that cause loss of gene function; analysis of whole-genome sequencing indicates that the nuclease activity is highly specific.
Is the Fungus Magnaporthe Losing DNA Methylation?
Authors: Ikeda Ken-ichi , Van Vu Ba , Kadotani Naoki , Tanaka Masaki , Murata Toshiki , Shiina Kohta , Chuma Izumi , Tosa Yukio , Nakayashiki Hitoshi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The long terminal repeat retrotransposon, Magnaporthe gypsy-like element (MAGGY), has been shown to be targeted for cytosine methylation in a subset of Magnaporthe oryzae field isolates. Analysis of the F1 progeny from a genetic cross between methylation-proficient (Br48) and methylation-deficient (GFSI1-7-2) isolates revealed that methylation of the MAGGY element was governed by a single dominant gene. Positional cloning followed by gene disruption and complementation experiments revealed that the responsible gene was the DNA methyltransferase, MoDMT1, an ortholog of Neurospora crassa Dim-2. A survey of MAGGY methylation in 60 Magnaporthe field isolates revealed that 42 isolates from rice, common millet, wheat, finger millet, and buffelgrass were methylation proficient while 18 isolates from foxtail millet, green bristlegrass, Japanese panicgrass, torpedo grass, Guinea grass, and crabgrass were methylation deficient. Phenotypic analyses showed that MoDMT1 plays no major role in development and pathogenicity of the fungus. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the average copy number of genomic MAGGY elements was not significantly different between methylation-deficient and -proficient field isolates even though the levels of MAGGY transcript were generally higher in the former group. MoDMT1 gene sequences in the methylation-deficient isolates suggested that at least three independent mutations were responsible for the loss of MoDMT1 function. Overall, our data suggest that MoDMT1 is not essential for the natural life cycle of the fungus and raise the possibility that the genus Magnaporthe may be losing the mechanism of DNA methylation on the evolutionary time scale.
Randomized Trial of Plastic Bags to Prevent Term Neonatal Hypothermia in a Resource-Poor Setting
Authors: Belsches Theodore C. , Tilly Alyssa E. , Miller Tonya R. , Kambeyanda Rohan H. , Leadford Alicia , Manasyan Albert , Chomba Elwyn , Ramani Manimaran , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Carlo Waldemar A. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVES:Term infants in resource-poor settings frequently develop hypothermia during the first hours after birth. Plastic bags or wraps are a low-cost intervention for the prevention of hypothermia in preterm and low birth weight infants that may also be effective in term infants. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that placement of term neonates in plastic bags at birth reduces hypothermia at 1 hour after birth in a resource-poor hospital.METHODS:This parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at University Teaching Hospital, the tertiary referral center in Zambia. Inborn neonates with both a gestational age ≥37 weeks and a birth weight ≥2500 g were randomized 1:1 to either a standard thermoregulation protocol or to a standard thermoregulation protocol with placement of the torso and lower extremities inside a plastic bag within 10 minutes after birth. The primary outcome was hypothermia (&lt;36.5°C axillary temperature) at 1 hour after birth.RESULTS:Neonates randomized to plastic bag (n = 135) or to standard thermoregulation care (n = 136) had similar baseline characteristics (birth weight, gestational age, gender, and baseline temperature). Neonates in the plastic bag group had a lower rate of hypothermia (60% vs 73%, risk ratio 0.76, confidence interval 0.60–0.96, P = .026) and a higher axillary temperature (36.4 ± 0.5°C vs 36.2 ± 0.7°C, P &lt; .001) at 1 hour after birth compared with infants receiving standard care.CONCLUSIONS:Placement in a plastic bag at birth reduced the incidence of hypothermia at 1 hour after birth in term neonates born in a resource-poor setting, but most neonates remained hypothermic.
Shape Evolution of Faceted Silicon Nanocrystals upon Thermal Annealing in an Oxide Matrix
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Dobbie Alexander R. , Veinot Jonathan G. C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIt is well established that controlled high-temperature annealing of hydrogen silsesquioxane leads to the formation of small spherical silicon nanocrystals (∼3 nm). The present study outlines an investigation into the influence of annealing time and temperature. After prolonged annealing, crystal surfaces thermodynamically self-optimize to form a variety of faceted structures (e.g., cubic, truncated trigonal and hexagonal structures).
An Exploration of State Income Tax Nexus: Does Economic Nexus Really Benefit States?
Authors: Davis Ann Boyd , Hageman Amy M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
While considerable attention in the state taxation literature has been devoted to understanding how much of a corporation's income is subject to tax in a state, much less has been placed on understanding the more critical question of whether a corporation is subject to tax in a given state in the first place (Wildasin 2010). This study investigates the antecedents of state income tax nexus and the influence of economic nexus adoption on state corporate tax revenue collections with a two-stage least squares model using an instrumental variable approach and panel data from 2000–2009. The results of this model indicate that adoptions of economic nexus standards are more common in states with a weaker domiciled business group presence, consistent with interest group theory; adoptions are also more common among states with no required combined reporting, no NOL carryback provisions, the imposition of an alternative minimum tax (AMT), and a higher gross state product. Interestingly, after the first year of adoption, states that adopt economic nexus standards have no statistically significant difference in corporate tax revenue collections compared to those that follow a physical presence standard. In additional analyses, we determine that the interactive influences between diffusion and political factors and between diffusion and interest group factors also affect states' economic nexus adoptions. These results contribute to the taxation literature by suggesting that states' economic nexus standard adoptions are carried out for interest group, political, and regional diffusion reasons, and are not associated with any long-term discernible effects on state corporate taxation revenues.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the text and Table 2.
What Influences Accounting Research? A Citations-Based Analysis
Authors: Dunbar Amy E. , Weber David P. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
We compile and analyze the reference lists from papers published in nine accounting journals over the period 1996–2011 to identify the individual antecedent works that have been cited the most often by accounting research. We conduct our analyses separately for different topical areas (audit, financial, managerial, tax, other) and research methodologies (archival, experimental, theoretical, other). We then present and discuss lists of the individual works that are most heavily cited by each category. Our results should be useful to Ph.D. students and those who train them in identifying important prior work that continues to motivate and provide a foundation for contemporary accounting research.
New age data from the tectonostratigraphic units of the Istranca “Massif” in NW Turkey: a correlation with SE Bulgaria
Authors: Bedı Yavuz , Vasilev Emil , Dabovski Christo , Ergen Alı , Okuyucu Cengız , Doğan Adıl , Tekın U. Kağan , Ivanova Daria , Boncheva Iliana , Lakova Iskra , Sachanski Valeri , Kuşcu İsmaıl , Tuncay Ercan , Demıray D. Gülnur , Soycan Havva , Göncüoğlu M. Cemal 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Istranca Crystalline Complex in NW Anatolia and SE Bulgaria includes structural units that differ in lithostratigraphy, metamorphism, age and structural position. They are collectively named as the “Istranca nappes” comprising from bottom to top the Sarpdere, Mahyadağ and Doğanköy Nappes. The Sarpdere Nappe consists of Lower Triassic arkosic metasandstones with slate interlayers, followed by Middle to Upper Triassic carbonates and an alternation of Upper Triassic clastics and carbonates. The Mahyadağ Nappe comprises a low-grade metamorphic Late Paleozoic- Triassic carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary succession. The Doğanköy Nappe includes Precambrian?-Paleozoic metasediments, intruded by Late Carboniferous-Early Permian calc-alkaline granitoids. Its Triassic cover comprises metaclastics and metacarbonates. The Istranca nappes were juxtaposed at the end of the Triassic and transgressively covered by Lower Jurassic coarse clastics, followed above by Middle to Late Jurassic carbonates, black shales and carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary succession. The phosphate concretions in black shales yielded radiolarian assemblages indicating Late Bajocian-Early Bathonian, Early Bathonian and Early Kimmeridgian ages. These nappes and their Jurassic cover are unconformably overlain by the Cenomanian-Santonian volcano-sedimentary successions intruded by Santonian-Campanian Dereköy-Demirköy intrusive suite. The preliminary data suggest that the Variscan basements of the Mahyadağ and Sarpdere Nappes were juxtaposed prior to the Triassic and overridden by the Doğanköy Nappe of possible Rhodopean origin from S to N during the Cimmerian compressional events
Acute toxicity of 31 different nanoparticles to zebrafish (Danio rerio) tested in adulthood and in early life stages – comparative study
Authors: Kovrižnych Jevgenij A. , Sotníková Ružena , Zeljenková Dagmar , Rollerová Eva , Szabová Elena , Wimmerová Soňa 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
At present, nanoparticles are beginning to influence our lives in many ways and understanding the environmental health and safety aspect of nanomaterials has become a crucial issue. The aim of the work was to assess and compare the acute toxicity of 31 different nanomaterials to fish mature individuals Danio rerio with that to fish early life stages on using evaluation of the 48- and 96- hour LC50 values. A further aim was to evaluate teratogenicity of the nanoparticles tested to fish eggs. The nanoparticles tested were: 8 pure metals, 10 metal oxides, 5 other metal compounds and their mixtures, 2 silicon compounds, 3 calcium compounds, and 3 carbon compounds. Using 48-h and 96-h tests of acute toxicity (according to OECD 203), we evaluated mortality data, LC50 values, occurrence of malformations, as well as hatching time. In our study, 6 kinds of nanoparticles - calcium oxide, copper, copper in the form of oxide and CuZnFe4O4, magnesium oxide, and nickel - caused cumulative mortality. Two kinds of nanoparticles - copper and silver - were toxic for fish with LC50 values of approximately 3 mg/L. We did not observe marked differences between the 48-hour and 96-hour acute toxicity LC50 values, yet the possibility to evaluate hatching time in the 96-h acute fish toxicity test seems to be an advantage against that of the 48-hour toxicity.
Genotoxicity induced by iodine-131 in human cultured lymphocytes
Authors: Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Shafaghati Nayereh , Hedayati Monireh 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
131-radioiodine has been widely used as an effective radionuclide for treatment of patients with thyroid diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of iodine-131 in human cultured lymphocytes. Whole blood samples from human volunteers were incubated with iodine-131 (10, 50, 100 μCi/1.5ml) for 2 h. The lymphocytes were mitogenically stimulated to allow for evaluation of the number of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. At the dose 100 μCi, iodine-131 induced genotoxicity by an 8.5 fold increase in the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes compared with the control group.