bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid oxygen exchange on prostaglandins in plasma represents plasma esterase activity that is inhibited by diethylumbelliferyl phosphate with high affinity
Authors: Brose Stephen A. , Golovko Mikhail Y. 
Published: September 2012

RATIONALEFatty acids (FA) labeled with 18O at the carboxyl group, including oxidized species (FA18O), are a useful, low‐cost, and easy to prepare tool for quantitative and qualitative mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in biological systems. In addition, they are used to trace the fate of FAs in metabolic pathways including FA re‐esterification and lipid remodeling pathways. Although a rapid 18O exchange on FA18O in biological systems has been reported, the mechanism contributing to 18O exchange has not been fully evaluated. This gap in knowledge limits the use of FA18O as a standard for MS and complicates data interpretation for FA metabolism in biological systems.METHODSIn the present study we have addressed a number of possible mechanisms for a rapid 18O exchange on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) using rat plasma as a model. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification.RESULTSThe major mechanism for a rapid 18O exchange on PGE218O in rat plasma is PGE2 processing with esterases, while FA re‐esterification and non‐enzymatic mechanisms do not significantly contribute to this phenomenon. In addition, we report a highly effective inhibition of 18O exchange with diethylumbelliferyl phosphate that can be used to stabilize FA18O in biological samples.CONCLUSIONSThese data indicate the necessity to consider esterase activity when FA18O are used to study FA metabolism, and the importance of esterase activity inhibition when FA18O are used as internal standards for MS analysis in biological systems. In addition, the results provide a rational for the development of new approaches to study esterase activities and affinity towards modified FA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Self‐directed Stress Management Training and Home‐based Exercise on Stress Management Skills in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Phillips Kristin M. , Jim Heather S. L. , Small Brent J. , Tanvetyanon Tawee , Roberts William S. , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough exercise may be used by some to decrease distress, little is known about how it may contribute to stress management (SM) among patients receiving chemotherapy. We evaluated whether exercise separately or in combination with SM training is effective at increasing perceived ability to manage stress. Patients receiving chemotherapy (N = 391) were randomized to receive usual care only (UCO), SM, exercise (EX), or stress management and exercise (SMEX). They completed the Measure of Current Status prior to receiving chemotherapy and 12 weeks after the first infusion. We hypothesized that participants randomized to an intervention condition would report improvements in relaxation, awareness of tension, getting needs met and coping confidence compared with those receiving UCO. Results indicated significant group‐by‐time interactions for the following: relaxation (UCO versus SM, p = 0.008), awareness of tension (UCO versus SMEX, p = 0.029 and UCO versus EX, p < 0.001), getting needs met (UCO versus SMEX, p = 0.020) and Measure of Current Status total score (UCO versus SMEX, p = 0.007 and UCO versus EX, p = 0.016). There were no group‐by‐time interactions for coping confidence (p‐values >0.05). This study provides support for including an exercise component in SM interventions for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00740038). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal changes in N‐acylethanolamine content and metabolism throughout the peri‐adolescent period
Authors: Lee Tiffany T.‐Y. , Hill Matthew N. , Hillard Cecilia J. , Gorzalka Boris B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) regulates tissue concentrations of N‐acylethanolamines (NAEs), including the endocannabinoid, N‐arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA). FAAH activity and NAEs are widely distributed throughout the brain and FAAH activity regulates an array of processes including emotion, cognition, inflammation, and feeding. However, there is relatively little research describing how this system develops throughout adolescence, particularly within limbic circuits regulating stress and reward processing. Thus, this study characterized temporal changes in NAE content (AEA, oleoylethanolamine [OEA], and palmitoylethanolamide [PEA]) and FAAH activity across the peri‐adolescent period, in four corticolimbic structures (amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus). Brain tissue of male Sprague–Dawley rats was collected on postnatal days (PND) 25, 35, 45, and 70, representing pre‐adolescence, early‐ to mid‐adolescence, late adolescence, and adulthood, respectively. Tissue was analyzed for AEA, OEA, and PEA content as well as FAAH activity at each time point. AEA, OEA, and PEA exhibited a similar temporal pattern in all four brain regions. NAE concentrations were lowest at PND 25 and highest at PND 35. NAE concentrations decreased between PNDs 35 and 45 and increased between PNDs 45 and 70. FAAH activity mirrored the pattern of NAE content in which it decreased between PNDs 25 and 35, increased between PNDs 35 and 45, and decreased between PNDs 45 and 70. These age‐dependent patterns of NAE content and FAAH activity demonstrate temporal specificity to the development of this system and could contribute to alterations in stress sensitivity, emotionality, and executive function which also fluctuate during this developmental period. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metalloaromaticity
Authors: Feixas Ferran , Matito Eduard , Poater Jordi , Solà Miquel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the last decade, the study of aromaticity has experienced enormous progress. The new discoveries, which include species such as the metallabenzenes, heterometallabenzenes, metallabenzynes, metallabenzenoids, metallacyclopentadienes, metallacyclobutadienes, and all‐metal and semimetal clusters, have joined the classical organic aromatic molecules such as benzene, benzenoid and nonbenzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heteroaromatic species to conform the current aromatic zoo. These new molecules, which are potentially useful for certain purposes as specific and very efficient catalysts, molecular electronic devices, molecular magnets, drugs, and other as yet unimagined applications, have brought a complete revolution in the field. At variance with the classical aromatic organic molecules that possess only π‐electron delocalization, aromaticity in these new species is much more complex. These compounds have σ‐, π‐, δ‐, and ϕ‐electron delocalization. In addition, they can combine different types of aromaticity thus giving rise to double or triple aromaticity, the so‐called multifold aromaticity. The new molecules can also have conflicting aromaticity, i.e., they can be aromatic in one component and antiaromatic in another. Moreover, most of the old indicators are not valid to discuss the complex aromaticity of these novel compounds. The lack of reliable measures of aromaticity for these systems has triggered the development of new and more general and reliable indices that can be applied to both classical organic and inorganic aromatic compounds. Among them, the use of multicenter electronic delocalization indices is advocated because they help to detect the different types of aromaticity and provide reasonable qualitative orderings of aromaticity. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
The role of guidance in children's discovery learning
Authors: Honomichl Ryan D. , Chen Zhe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDiscovery learning is an important, yet controversial topic in the fields of psychology, education, and cognitive science. Though traditional views emphasize a lack of instructional constraint or scaffolding, more recent evidence suggests that guidance should be included in the process of discovery learning. The present review summarizes three general approaches which have been shown to facilitate guided discovery learning: (1) strategic presentation of materials, (2) consequential feedback, and (3) probing questions and self‐explanations. Techniques for implementing approaches are discussed, as well as the underlying mechanisms that contribute to their effectiveness.WIREs Cogn Sci2012. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1199This article is categorized under:Psychology > Learning
Do Hernia Operations in African International Cooperation Programmes Provide Good Quality?
Authors: Gil J. , Rodríguez J. M. , Hernández Q. , Gil E. , Balsalobre M. D. , González M. , Torregrosa N. , Verdú T. , Alcaráz M. , Parrilla P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundHernia is especially prevalent in developing countries where the population is obliged to undertake strenuous work in order to survive, and International Cooperation Programmes are helping to solve this problem. However, the quality of surgical interventions is unknown. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of hernia repair processes carried out by the Surgical Solidarity Charity in Central African States.Materials and methodsA total of 524 cases of inguinal hernia repair carried out in Cameroon and Mali during 2005 to 2009 were compared with 386 cases treated in a Multicentre Spanish Study (2003). General data (clinical, demographic, etc.), type of surgery, complications, and effectiveness and efficiency indicators were collected.ResultsPreoperative studies in the Spanish group were greater in number than in the African group. The use of local anesthesia was similar. Antibiotic prophylaxis was higher in the African group (100 % to 75.4 %). The use of mesh was similar. The incidence of hematomas was higher in the Spanish group (11.61 % to 4.61 %), but the incidence of infection of the wound and of hernia recurrence was similar, although follow‐up was only carried out in 20.97 % in the African group (70 % in the Spanish group). Hospital stay of more than 24 h was higher in the Spanish group.ConclusionsThe standard quality of surgery for the treatment of hernia in developing countries with few instrumental means, and in sub‐optimal surgical conditions is similar to that provided in Spain.
Therapeutic Mammaplasty for Breast Cancer: Oncological and Aesthetic Outcomes
Authors: Grubnik Alexandra , Benn Carol , Edwards Gereth 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic mammaplasty (TM) for breast cancer is a widely practiced oncoplastic technique. Patient selection criteria and method of margin assessment are not clearly established. The aim of our review was to analyse oncological and aesthetic outcomes over a 7 year period.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 251 breast cancer patients who underwent TM from 2002 to 2009 at the Netcare Breast Care Centre, Johannesburg. Primary chemotherapy was used to downsize large tumours. Intraoperative margin assessment was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Cosmetic outcomes were assessed by an independent review panel using photographic material.ResultsMean tumour size was 15.4 mm. Mean resection weight was 237 g. Sixty‐four (25.5 %) patients received primary chemotherapy. Mean margin taken was 15 mm. The back‐to‐theatre rate was 2 % (5 cases). A total of 222 patients underwent bilateral procedures. Contralateral occult disease was identified in six cases (2.4 %). The early (<2 months) complication rate was 3.2 %. Late complications were related to adjuvant radiotherapy (20.7 %). Mean follow‐up was 50 months. The recurrence rate was 4 %. Five of six patients with locoregional recurrence had DCIS at initial surgery. The mortality rate was 3.2 %. The overall survival rate was 96.4 % and the metastasis‐free survival rate was 94.6 %. Acceptable aesthetic results were achieved in 96 % of the patients.ConclusionsPrimary chemotherapy allowed for TM in patients with large tumours. Intraoperative margin assessment decreased reoperation rate. Contralateral matching procedures resulted in histological detection of occult disease. TM is an oncologically appropriate and cosmetically favourable technique.
Non‐physiological amino acid (NPAA) therapy targeting brain phenylalanine reduction: pilot studies in PAHENU2 mice
Authors: Vogel Kara R. , Arning Erland , Wasek Brandi L. , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Gibson K. Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTransport of large neutral amino acids (LNAA) across the blood brain barrier (BBB) is facilitated by the L‐type amino acid transporter, LAT1. Peripheral accumulation of one LNAA (e.g., phenylalanine (phe) in PKU) is predicted to increase uptake of the offending amino acid to the detriment of others, resulting in disruption of brain amino acid homeostasis. We hypothesized that selected non‐physiological amino acids (NPAAs) such as DL‐norleucine (NL), 2‐aminonorbornane (NB; 2‐aminobicyclo‐(2,1,1)‐heptane‐2‐carboxylic acid), 2‐aminoisobutyrate (AIB), and N‐methyl‐aminoisobutyrate (MAIB), acting as competitive inhibitors of various brain amino acid transporters, could reduce brain phe in Pahenu2 mice, a relevant murine model of PKU. Oral feeding of 5 % NL, 5 % AIB, 0.5 % NB and 3 % MAIB reduced brain phe by 56 % (p < 0.01), ‐1 % (p = NS), 27 % (p < 0.05) and 14 % (p < 0.01), respectively, compared to untreated subjects. Significant effects on other LNAAs (tyrosine, methionine, branched chain amino acids) were also observed, however, with MAIB displaying the mildest effects. Of interest, MAIB represents an inhibitor of the system A (alanine) transporter that primarily traffics small amino acids and not LNAAs. Our studies represent the first in vivo use of these NPAAs in Pahenu2 mice, and provide proof‐of‐principle for their further preclinical development, with the long‐term objective of identifying NPAA combinations and concentrations that selectively restrict brain phe transport while minimally impacting other LNAAs and downstream intermediates.
Retroviral‐vector‐mediated gene therapy to mucopolysaccharidosis I mice improves sensorimotor impairments and other behavioral deficits
Authors: Baldo Guilherme , Wozniak David F. , Ohlemiller Kevin K. , Zhang Yanming , Giugliani Roberto , Ponder Katherine P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease due to α‐L‐iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency that results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Systemic gene therapy to MPS I mice can reduce lysosomal storage in the brain, but few data are available regarding the effect upon behavioral function. We investigated the effect of gene therapy with a long‐terminal‐repeat (LTR)‐intact retroviral vector or a self‐inactivating (SIN) vector on behavioral function in MPS I mice. The LTR vector was injected intravenously to 6‐week‐old MPS I mice, and the SIN vector was given to neonatal or 6‐week‐old mice. Adult‐LTR, neonatal‐SIN, and adult‐SIN‐treated mice achieved serum IDUA activity of 235 ± 20 (84‐fold normal), 127 ± 10, and 71 ± 7 U/ml, respectively. All groups had reduction in histochemical evidence of lysosomal storage in the brain, with the adult‐LTR group showing the best response, while adult‐LTR mice had reductions in lysosomal storage in the cristae of the vestibular system. Behavioral evaluation was performed at 8 months. Untreated MPS I mice had a markedly reduced ability to hold onto an inverted screen or climb down a pole. LTR‐vector‐treated mice had marked improvements on both of these tests, whereas neonatal‐SIN mice showed improvement in the pole test. We conclude that both vectors can reduce brain disease in MPS I mice, with the LTR vector achieving higher serum IDUA levels and better correction. Vestibular abnormalities may contribute to mobility problems in patients with MPS I, and gene therapy may reduce symptoms.
Two‐year cycles of synchronous acorn and leaf production in biennial‐fruiting evergreen oaks of subgenus Cyclobalanopsis (Quercus, Fagaceae)
Authors: Hirayama Daisuke , Fujii Toshio , Nanami Satoshi , Itoh Akira , Yamakura Takuo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMany masting species switch resources between vegetative growth and reproduction in mast and non‐mast years. Although masting of oak species is well known, there have been few investigations of the relationship between vegetative growth and reproduction based on long‐term monitoring data, especially in evergreen oaks of subgenus Cyclobalanopsis. We investigated annual variations over 13 years in acorn and leaf production of three evergreen oak species in subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, genus Quercus (Fagaceae)—Q. acuta, Q. salicina and Q. sessilifolia—in western Japan. In these species, the maturation of acorns occurs in the second autumn after flowering, which is known as a biennial‐fruiting habit. We found a pattern of acorn production and masting in alternate years that was synchronized in all three species. Masting was not correlated with temperature and precipitation. Annual leaf‐fall also showed 2‐year cycle in the three oak species; peak years were synchronized between species and peak leaf‐fall alternated with acorn production in all three species. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between acorn and leaf production in all three species. Data showing 2‐year cycles of acorn and leaf production and the negative correlation between them supports the hypothesis of resource switching between vegetative growth and reproduction. The 2‐year cycle might be the basic, intrinsic rhythm of resource allocation in biennial‐fruiting Cyclobalanopsis species.
Morbidity and pregnancy outcomes associated with sickle cell anemia among Saudi women
Authors: Al Kahtani Maryam A. , AlQahtani Mohammad , Alshebaily Mashael M. , Abd Elzaher Mohamed , Moawad Ashraf , AlJohani Naji 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify morbidity and pregnancy outcomes associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) among pregnant Saudi women.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, that included 392 cases of SCD in pregnancy and 784 controls with normal hemoglobin phenotype, who were selected and matched for age, parity, and delivery outcome. The main outcome measures were morbidity, maternal outcomes, and fetal outcomes.ResultsThe incidence of SCD was 1.1% among all deliveries, with 2 maternal deaths (0.5%) and a perinatal mortality rate of 77.7 per 1000 deliveries. The major maternal complications in the SCD group were anemia (86.2%); sickle cell crisis (64.8% overall, with 43.1% vaso‐occlusive, 21.2% hemolytic, and 0.5% sequestration or aplastic); bacterial infection (8.8%); preterm delivery (15.3%); and pre‐eclampsia (9.7%). Fetal growth restriction and stillbirths accounted for 65.6% of the perinatal mortality. Blood transfusion was indicated in 33.7% of pregnancies in the SCD group.ConclusionPregnant Saudi women with SCD are at increased risk for pregnancy‐related complications, as well as fetal morbidity and mortality. A critical need exists among Saudi hospitals for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of pregnancies complicated by SCD.
Resetting Russian–Eastern European relations for the 21st century
Authors: Braun Aurel 
Published: September 2012

Optimism and opportunity in Russian–East European relations just a couple of years ago, especially with the Obama government’s express desire to “press the reset button” with Moscow, generated much hope, but it seems now that this also camouflaged deep issues of structure and process. Beyond historical mistrust and fear, an increasing drift away from democracy by Russia, while Eastern Europe, (geographically more broadly defined than during the Cold War), largely has sought closer political, economic and military integration with their Western neighbors, appears to have created two solitudes that may be irrevocably moving in different directions.
Further, Russian ambitions and unrealistic expectations of regaining superpower status together with the belief that there may even be a shortcut to that restoration by manipulating the Western European powers, encouraging divisions within NATO and the European Union and isolating Eastern Europe or at least some of the states in the region, not only increases regional mistrust but ironically also diverts Russia away from the much needed fundamental economic and political changes that could transform it into a truly modern and successful state and a better neighbor and partner. Add issues such as the deployment of anti-ballistic missile defense systems in Eastern Europe over which Moscow continues to express vociferous military alarm but which in reality disguises Russian hegemonic ambitions or at best political fear, as well as Russia’s political use of energy and pipelines, and we have a combination that makes regional relations increasingly acrid and thus does not bode well for the future.
Sedimentation from binary suspensions in a turbulent gravity current along a V-shaped valley
Authors: Mériaux Catherine A. , Kurz-Besson Cathy B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a study of bidispersed particulate gravity currents at high Reynolds numbers flowing along a V-shaped valley. The speed and width of the currents, the mass deposited by the currents and the density of the deposits were examined by both a box model and lock-exchange experiments in a 5 m long tank. Silicon carbide and glass beads were used for the bidispersed suspension models. The initial conditions of the currents were similar, except that the grain size of the glass beads was successively chosen to be 2, 2.5 and 4 times that of the silicon carbide. For all experiments a Stokes’ settling velocity model, assuming that both particles are spherical, gives a settling rate of the glass beads that is greater than that of the silicon carbide by a factor ranging from 1.6 to 16.5. When the ratio of the Stokes’ settling velocity of the glass beads to that of the silicon carbide is greater than ∼6, we find a complete agreement between the box model and the experiment. In particular, the deposit shows a substantial decline in the mass of the coarser glass beads in the first metre, so that it only contains the finer silicon carbide further downstream. By contrast, when the Stokes’ settling velocity ratio is less than ∼4, only the speed of the current and the total sedimented mass can be well described by the box model. The experimental deposit is otherwise characterized by a slightly increasing density, which the box model fails to match. There is no difference in the deposit density across the valley. For all experiments in the V-shaped valley, the width of the currents decreases with time $t$ according to ${t}^{\ensuremath{-} 2/ 7} $. Analogue experiments in a flat-bottom tank were also performed to assess the influence of the valley on the sedimentation dynamics described above. A similar behaviour with settling velocity ratios was found. This study eventually shows the need for considering particle interactions in even dilute gravity currents at high Reynolds numbers.
The Making of Public Labour Intermediation: Job Search, Job Placement, and the State in Europe, 1880–1940
Authors: Wadauer Sigrid , Buchner Thomas , Mejstrik Alexander 
Published: September 2012

SummarySince the late nineteenth century, job seeking has become increasingly linked to organizations and facilities that offer information on vacancies, offer placement services, or undertake recruiting. The present article focuses on how job placement became a concern for the emerging European welfare states, and how state-run systems of labour intermediation were established between 1880 and 1940. Even more important was the state's regulation of existing job placement practices, which resulted in a slow process of specialization, codification, and homogenization – in short, a slow process of normalization of practices at national levels. State labour exchanges thereby became the dominant reference point for seeking and finding work.