bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of portal hepatic infiltrating leucocytes in acute drug-induced liver injury, idiopathic autoimmune and viral hepatitis
Authors: Foureau D M , Walling T L , Maddukuri V , Anderson W , Culbreath K , Kleiner D E , Ahrens W A , Jacobs C , Watkins P B , Fontana R J , Chalasani N , Talwalkar J , Lee W M , Stolz A , Serrano J , Bonkovsky H L 
Published: November 2014

SummaryDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is often caused by innate and adaptive host immune responses. Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in the liver may improve understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of DILI. This study aimed to enumerate and characterize leucocytes infiltrating liver tissue from subjects with acute DILI (n = 32) versus non-DILI causes of acute liver injury (n = 25). Immunostains for CD11b/CD4 (Kupffer and T helper cells), CD3/CD20 (T and B cells) and CD8/CD56 [T cytotoxic and natural killer (NK) cells] were evaluated in biopsies from subjects with acute DILI, either immunoallergic (IAD) or autoimmune (AID) and idiopathic autoimmune (AIH) and viral hepatitis (VH) and correlated with clinical and pathological features. All biopsies showed numerous CD8+ T cells and macrophages. DILI cases had significantly fewer B lymphocytes than AIH and VH and significantly fewer NK cells than VH. Prominent plasma cells were unusual in IAD (three of 10 cases), but were associated strongly with AIH (eight of nine) and also observed in most with AID (six of nine). They were also found in five of 10 cases with VH. Liver biopsies from subjects with DILI were characterized by low counts of mature B cells and NK cells in portal triads in contrast to VH. NK cells were found only in cases of VH, whereas AIH and VH both showed higher counts of B cells than DILI. Plasma cells were associated most strongly with AIH and less so with AID, but were uncommon in IAD.
Ketamine‐An Update on Its Clinical Uses and Abuses
Authors: Xu Jian , Lei Hong 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis review highlights the recent clinical research that supports the therapeutic utility of ketamine as a multifaceted drug. After long‐term use as a dissociative anesthetic, it has re‐emerged as a useful agent for ameliorating pain, asthmaticus, and depression. In addition, it is also a substance of abuse. Chronic ketamine abuse over prolonged periods (weeks, months, and years) can produce toxicity to the gastrointestinal and urinary tract. In this review, we described the recent progress on its clinical uses and abuses.
Cyclic mechanical stress modulates neurotrophic and myelinating gene expression of Schwann cells
Authors: Zhang L. , Yang X. , Yue Y. , Ye J. , Yao Y. , Fu Y. , Li G. , Yao Q. , Lin Y. , Gong P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the response of Schwann cells to cyclic compressive and tensile stresses of different durations of stimulation.Materials and methodsRSC96 cells were subjected to cyclic tensile stress or compressive stress; for either, cells in five groups were treated for 0, 1, 2, 24 and 48 h respectively. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin‐3 and neurotrophin‐4 in the culture medium. Real‐time PCR was conducted to quantify mRNA expression of neurotrophins including NGF, BDNF, neurotrophin‐3 and neurotrophin‐4, and myelin‐related genes including Sox10, Krox20, neuregulin 1, NCAM, N‐cadherin, P0, MAG and MBP. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to visualize Krox20 and F‐actin in the tensile groups.ResultsWithin 24 h, cells treated with cyclic tensile stress expressed and secreted significantly more BDNF, while cyclic compression down‐regulated BDNF expression. Cells treated with both tensile and compressive stress down‐regulated expression of NRG1, NCAM, Krox20 and Sox10 at all time points. Expression of N‐cadherin was not affected by either stretch or compression. F‐actin was down‐regulated by tensile stress.ConclusionsBoth tensile and compressive loading down‐regulated expression of several important myelin‐related Schwann cells genes and thus facilitated demyelination. Tensile stress meanwhile promoted secretion of BDNF by Schwann cells within 24 h, which may contribute to maintenance and repair of damaged axons. These effects of mechanical stress might have been mediated by the actin cytoskeleton.
Value of Two‐Dimensional Strain Imaging in Prediction of Myocardial Function Recovery after Percutaneous Revascularization of Infarct‐Related Artery
Authors: Shehata Mohamed 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundSpeckle tracking is integrated into echocardiographic systems for evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function by means of automated function imaging (AFI). This study aimed at evaluating role of AFI‐based strain in predicting postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) LV function recovery.MethodsFifty patients with anterior wall myocardial infarction and impaired LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were prospectively enrolled. All patients showed positive viability results concerning left anterior descending (LAD) artery territory using low‐dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDSE). All patients underwent strain imaging using AFI (before and after PCI).ResultMean age of the study population was 56.2 ± 5.4 years, 34 (68%) being males. 24 (48%) patients showed post‐PCI LV function recovery after 4 months. They showed higher pre‐PCI LVEF and AFI‐based strain values. Logistic regression analysis presented baseline LVEF as an independent predictor of LV function recovery (Odds ratio = 0.7026, 95% CI: 0.54–0.93). A pre‐PCI AFI strain value of −4.5% (sensitivity: 84% and specificity: 75%) for LAD territory and −9.5% (sensitivity and specificity of 50%) for global LV predicted LV function recovery.ConclusionAssessment of global and territorial LV strains using AFI; is of added value upon viability assessment using LDSE. Higher baseline LVEF and strain values are associated with post‐PCI LV function recovery.
Inhibition in the lateral septum increases sucrose intake and decreases anorectic effects of stress
Authors: Mitra Arojit , Lenglos Christophe , Timofeeva Elena 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSucrose‐overeating rats with decreased anorectic response to stress showed lower stress‐induced activation of c‐fos expression in the lateral septum (LS). The present study tested a hypothesis that neuronal inhibition in the LS is important for the development and maintenance of the sucrose‐overeating phenotype. Sucrose overeating was developed with weekly episodes of food restriction (21 h per day, 4 days per week) followed by 1‐h access to sucrose. The anorectic effects of stress on 1‐h sucrose intake were estimated using weekly foot shock stress sessions. The development of the sucrose‐overeating phenotype was accompanied by a decrease in the anorectic effects of stress and by an increase in LS mRNA expression of a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesising enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 in stressed rats. Direct recordings of neuronal firing in the LS in rats submitted to repeated weekly cycles of food restriction, sucrose refeeding and stress showed that the development of sucrose overeating increased the percentage of LS neurons inhibited during anticipation and at the start of clusters (CS) of sucrose licking. In addition, the CS‐excited LS neurons showed a decrease in responsiveness to sucrose during the development of sucrose overeating. Direct injection of baclofen, an agonist of the GABAB receptor, into the LS decreased the anorectic effects of stress and increased sucrose intake. These results suggest that an increase in inhibitory effects in the LS is important for the development of sucrose overeating and the decreased anorectic effects of stress.
Estimation of soil properties at the field scale from satellite data: a comparison between spatial and non‐spatial techniques
Authors: Castaldi F. , Casa R. , Castrignanò A. , Pascucci S. , Palombo A. , Pignatti S. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryA study was carried out to investigate the usefulness of multispectral and hyperspectral satellite information for the estimation of soil properties of agronomic importance such as soil texture and organic matter (SOM) in cultivated fields by comparing different estimation procedures. Images acquired from the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) and Hyperion sensors on board the EO‐1 satellite were used, in combination with ground‐sampling data from an agricultural field in central Italy, to evaluate the advantage of taking into account the spatial correlation between pixels. For this purpose, partial least squares regression (PLSR), ordinary least square (OLS) regression, regression with correlated errors (restricted maximum likelihood; REML) and ordinary kriging (OK) were compared through leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. In order to predict soil variables by different models, the predictors of OLS and REML regressions were obtained from principal component analysis (PCA), PLSR and the minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformations of spectral data on bare soil or vegetation images. The PLSR did not provide satisfactory results in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ) statistics, even with hyperspectral data, mainly because of the poor signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the Hyperion sensor. The estimation accuracy increased by using the MNF method in combination with a linear mixed effect model. A multivariate approach was sometimes better than univariate ordinary kriging (OK), demonstrating the value of including Hyperion bare soil or vegetation data in the estimation procedure. Hyperspectral data provided better results than multispectral data for clay, sand and especially for SOM estimation, highlighting the value of high‐resolution spectral data for soil‐related applications.
The risk‐return trade‐off between solitary and eusocial reproduction
Authors: Fu Feng , Kocher Sarah D. , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSocial insect colonies can be seen as a distinct form of biological organisation because they function as superorganisms. Understanding how natural selection acts on the emergence and maintenance of these colonies remains a major question in evolutionary biology and ecology. Here, we explore this by using multi‐type branching processes to calculate the basic reproductive ratios and the extinction probabilities for solitary vs. eusocial reproductive strategies. We find that eusociality, albeit being hugely successful once established, is generally less stable than solitary reproduction unless large demographic advantages of eusociality arise for small colony sizes. We also demonstrate how such demographic constraints can be overcome by the presence of ecological niches that strongly favour eusociality. Our results characterise the risk‐return trade‐offs between solitary and eusocial reproduction, and help to explain why eusociality is taxonomically rare: eusociality is a high‐risk, high‐reward strategy, whereas solitary reproduction is more conservative.
Are you Paying Attention? Female Wolf Spiders Increase Dragline Silk Advertisements When Males do not Court
Authors: Havrilak Jamie A. , Shimmel Kristen M. , Rypstra Ann L. , Persons Matthew H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFemales of many spider species invest in chemical advertisements to attract males, yet variation in investment relative to the presence or quality of males remains poorly understood. Males of the wolf spider Pardosa milvina court females longer and more intensively when in contact with female silk and also court more intensively when encountering silk from virgin rather than mated females; therefore, females may use silk as a medium to advertise their receptivity to mate. We estimated female investment in advertisements by measuring variation in the quantity and type of silk deposited by females in the presence or absence of males and among males that varied in their courtship intensity. We measured dragline silk, cord silk, and attachment disk deposition from females on gridded sheets of paper in response to four stimuli over a 30‐min period (n = 39/treatment): (1) an intensively (high) courting male with access to female silk, (2) a weakly courting or non‐courting male (low) without access to female silk, (3) no male present, but female silk present (silk control), and (4) no stimulus present (control). Females produced significantly more dragline silk and significantly less cord silk in the presence of low‐courting males compared to any other treatment, but we found no difference in attachment disk deposition across treatments. Our results suggest that females invest more heavily in dragline deposition when encountering low‐courting males. Additional studies are necessary to determine the relative role of different silk types in male–female sexual communication.
Increased serum nonesterified fatty acid and low ionised calcium concentrations are associated withpost partumcolic in mares
Authors: Holcombe S. J. , Embertson R. M. , Kurtz K. A. , Roessner H. A. , Wismer S. E. , Geor R. J. , Kaneene J. B. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyIncreased serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and decreased serum electrolytes are linked to abdomasal displacements inpost partumdairy cattle.Post partumcolic in mares may be associated with metabolic changes specific to pregnancy and the periparturient period.ObjectivesTo determine if fluctuations in serumNEFA, ionised calcium (iCa) and magnesium (iMg) occurred in periparturient mares and if these alterations were associated withpost partumcolic.Study designLongitudinal observational study.MethodsMares from 3 farms in centralKentucky were enrolled. Blood samples were collected 14 days prior to the estimated foaling date, within 4 days post parturition, and 14 and 28 days after foaling for batch analysis of serumNEFA,iCaandiMg. Health information was provided by farm managers and veterinarians. Data were analysed usingKruskal–Wallis χ2statistic for nonparametric data and a matched case/control approach. Repeated measures logistic regression models were developed.ResultsSerumNEFAswere higher at 14–1 day before foaling (mean ± s.d., mmol/l), 0.28 ± 0.12,P= 0.04 and from foaling to 4 days after foaling, 0.29 ± 0.20 (P= 0.05) in mares that developed colic compared with those that did not colic, 0.19 ± 0.05 and 0.21 ± 0.14, respectively. Ionised calcium was lower at 15–28 days post foaling in mares that showed colic, 1.50 ± 0.17 compared to mares that did not colic, 1.60 ± 0.12,P= 0.02. Risk of colic inpost partummares increased 38% for each 0.1 mmol/l increase in serumNEFA(odds ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.81,P= 0.02).ConclusionsMares withpost partumcolic had significantly higher serumNEFAand lower iCa prior to the colic episode compared with mares that did not develop colic. Monitoring these metabolic alterations may lead to predictive and preventive colic strategies forpost partummares.
A possible contribution of endothelial CCN1 downregulation due to Fli1 deficiency to the development of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Saigusa Ryosuke , Asano Yoshihide , Taniguchi Takashi , Yamashita Takashi , Takahashi Takehiro , Ichimura Yohei , Toyama Tetsuo , Tamaki Zenshiro , Tada Yayoi , Sugaya Makoto , Kadono Takafumi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCCN1 is a pleiotropic molecule involved in angiogenesis and postnatal vasculogenesis, both of which are impaired in systemic sclerosis (SSc). To elucidate the potential role of CCN1 in the development of SSc, we investigated CCN1 expression in the lesional skin of SSc patients and SSc animal models and the clinical correlation of serum CCN1 levels. CCN1 expression was markedly decreased in dermal small blood vessels of SSc patients compared with those of healthy controls, while comparable between normal and SSc dermal fibroblasts. Transcription factor Fli1, whose deficiency due to epigenetic suppression is implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc, occupied the CCN1 promoter and gene silencing of Fli1 resulted in the reduction of CCN1 expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Consistently, CCN1 expression was suppressed uniformly and remarkably in dermal blood vessels of Fli1+/− mice and partially in those of endothelial cell‐specific Fli1 knockout mice. Furthermore, serum CCN1 levels were significantly decreased in SSc patients with previous and current history of digital ulcers as compared to those without. Collectively, these results suggest that endothelial CCN1 downregulation at least partially due to Fli1 deficiency may contribute to the development of digital ulcers in SSc patients. This study further supports the idea that epigenetic downregulation of Fli1 is a potential predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Management strategy evaluation: best practices
Authors: Punt André E , Butterworth Doug S , de Moor Carryn L , De Oliveira José A A , Haddon Malcolm 
Published: November 2014

AbstractManagement strategy evaluation (MSE) involves using simulation to compare the relative effectiveness for achieving management objectives of different combinations of data collection schemes, methods of analysis and subsequent processes leading to management actions. MSE can be used to identify a ‘best’ management strategy among a set of candidate strategies, or to determine how well an existing strategy performs. The ability of MSE to facilitate fisheries management achieving its aims depends on how well uncertainty is represented, and how effectively the results of simulations are summarized and presented to the decision‐makers. Key challenges for effective use of MSE therefore include characterizing objectives and uncertainty, assigning plausibility ranks to the trials considered, and working with decision‐makers to interpret and implement the results of the MSE. This paper explores how MSEs are conducted and characterizes current ‘best practice’ guidelines, while also indicating whether and how these best practices were applied to two case‐studies: the Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort Seas bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus; Balaenidae) and the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax caerulea; Clupeidae).
The effect of row spacing on alfalfa seed and forage production under irrigated Mediterranean agricultural conditions
Authors: Chocarro C. , Lloveras J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of row spacing on seed and forage yields in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) using combined seed and forage production plots, in an irrigated Mediterranean agricultural environment. We compared three row distances (20, 40 and 60 cm) in two cultivars at a seed rate of 25 kg ha−1 over a period of 4 years. We measured the seed yield and yield components as well as forage production. The 4‐year average revealed an overall clean seed yield of 367 kg ha−1 declining over time, without significant differences in row distances. The number of shoots per square metre differed significantly as a function of row spacing, with averages of 357, 226 and 172 shoots m−2 for row widths of 20, 40 and 60 cm respectively. The row spacing did not affect the number of racemes per shoot (23·1), the number of pods per raceme (7·2), the number of seeds per pod (6·5) or the thousand seed weight (1·667 g). The average forage production was 20·1, 18·5 and 17·9 Mg DM ha−1 for row distances of 20, 40 and 60 cm, respectively, with higher yields associated with smaller row distances. Our data demonstrate that row spacing >20 cm does not confer any advantage to the production of alfalfa seed under irrigated Mediterranean agricultural conditions and that close spacing can significantly increase forage yields in the same environment.
One‐dimensional cutting stock with a limited number of open stacks: bounds and solutions from a new integer linear programming model
Authors: Arbib Claudio , Marinelli Fabrizio , Ventura Paolo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe address a one‐dimensional cutting stock problem where, in addition to trim‐loss minimization, cutting patterns must be sequenced so that no more than s different part types are in production at any time. We propose a new integer linear programming formulation whose constraints grow quadratically with the number of distinct part types and whose linear relaxation can be solved by a standard column generation procedure. The formulation allowed us to solve problems with 20 part types for which an optimal solution was unknown.
How contact shapes implicit and explicit preferences: attitudes toward Roma children in inclusive and non‐inclusive environment
Authors: Žeželj Iris , Jakšić Ivana , Jošić Smiljana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn two studies, the authors examined the effects of intergroup contact in inclusive and non‐inclusive environments on children's explicit and implicit prejudices. In both studies, supervised contact with Roma peers, instructed by inclusive program, led to a more positive explicit evaluation of Roma and less social distance, while it had no significant impact on implicit attitudes. In contrast, implicit attitudes were related to mere exposure to Roma (Study 2). Intergroup anxiety and self‐disclosure mediated the effect of inclusiveness level on explicit, but not on implicit attitudes. The results indicate that two types of attitudes might be formed via different routes, and that mere exposure and supervised contact influence them differently. This information could help tailor future prejudice reduction programs.
Collective fit increases team performances: extending regulatory fit from individuals to dyadic teams
Authors: Memmert Daniel , Plessner Henning , Hüttermann Stefanie , Froese Georg , Peterhänsel Carolin , Unkelbach Christian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPeople experience “regulatory fit” when they pursue a goal in a manner that suits their chronic regulatory orientation. This regulatory fit impacts performance positively. The present research extends performance gains due to fit from individuals to dyadic team performance. Study 1 manipulated team fit of 32 table football participants (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation and offense vs. defense positions). Team fit significantly predicted team success in an experimental tournament beyond team skill level. Study 2 replicated this result with data from a real‐life tournament including 66 highly experienced competitors. These findings broaden the concept of regulatory fit from individual to dyadic teams, and suggest collective fit as a possible important predictor for team success.
Revoking a leader's “license to fail”: downgrading evaluations of prototypical in‐group leaders following an intergroup failure
Authors: Rast David E. , Hackett Justin D. , Alabastro Alexis , Hogg Michael A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDrawing on the social identity theory of leadership, we examined how leadership as an identity function alters perceptions and evaluations of in‐ and out‐group political leaders over time. Participants responded to two online questionnaires, before and after the 2012 U.S. Presidential election between Democrat Barack Obama and Republican Mitt Romney. We assessed respondents' strength of party identification, perceptions of each candidate's prototypicality, and evaluations of each candidate. Results supported the hypothesis: after his loss, Romney was presumably perceived as less prototypical of the Republican Party among strong identifiers, who symbolically revoked Romney's “license to fail.” Weakly identified Republicans were unaffected by his defeat, granting him a “license to fail.” Unexpectedly, Democrats and Republicans following his electoral success evaluated Obama more harshly.