bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte Colony–Stimulating Factor in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ringelstein E. Bernd , Thijs Vincent , Norrving Bo , Chamorro Angel , Aichner Franz , Grond Martin , Saver Jeff , Laage Rico , Schneider Armin , Rathgeb Frank , Vogt Gerhard , Charissé Gabriele , Fiebach Jochen B. , Schwab Stefan , Schäbitz Wolf R. , Kollmar Rainer , Fisher Marc , Brozman Miroslav , Skoloudik David , Gruber Franz , Leal Joaquin Serena , Veltkamp Roland , Köhrmann Martin , Berrouschot Jörg ,   AXIS2 Study Organization,   Data safety monitoring board:, Egerer Gerlinde , Mikus Gerd , Limmroth Volker , Kieser Meinhard ,   Monitoring and data collection: FGK, Munich Germany.,   Image acquisition procedures and analysis: BioClinica, Lyon, Bracoud Luc ,   MRI reading group:, Fiebach Jochen B. , Hermier Marc , Bouffard Juliette ,   Study medication: Theorem, Bad Soden Germany, Weber Rüdiger 
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose—
Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF; AX200; Filgrastim) is a stroke drug candidate with excellent preclinical evidence for efficacy. A previous phase IIa dose–escalation study suggested potential efficacy in humans. The present large phase IIb trial was powered to detect clinical efficacy in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods—

G-CSF (135 µg/kg body weight intravenous over 72 hours) was tested against placebo in 328 patients in a multinational, multicenter, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial (NCT00927836;
www.clinicaltrial.gov
). Main inclusion criteria were ≤9-hour time window after stroke onset, infarct localization in the middle cerebral artery territory, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score range of 6 to 22, and baseline diffusion-weighted imaging lesion size ≥15 mL. Primary and secondary end points were the modified Rankin scale score and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at day 90, respectively. Data were analyzed using a prespecified model that adjusted for age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline, and initial infarct volume (diffusion-weighted imaging).

Results—
G-CSF treatment failed to meet the primary and secondary end points of the trial. For additional end points such as mortality, Barthel index, or infarct size at day 30, G-CSF did not show efficacy either. There was, however, a trend for reduced infarct growth in the G-CSF group. G-CSF showed the expected peripheral pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, with a strong increase in leukocytes and monocytes. In parallel, the cytokine profile showed a significant decrease of interleukin-1.

Conclusions—
G-CSF, a novel and promising drug candidate with a comprehensive preclinical and clinical package, did not provide any significant benefit with respect to either clinical outcome or imaging biomarkers.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00927836.
Ultrastructure and distribution of Urosolenia obesa sp. nov. (Rhizosoleniaceae, Diatomeae) in reservoirs from southern Brazil
Authors: TREMARIN PRISCILA I. , FREIRE EDUARDO G. , LUDWIG THELMA A. V. 
Published: August 2013

A new planktonic species of Urosolenia is described from Southern Brazilian reservoirs. Urosolenia obesa sp. nov. was found in several studied samples and the unique set of features led us to propose it as new and to compare their morphology with similar species found in the literature, as Rhizosolenia naui, R. eriensis var. pusilla and Urosolenia parva. Urosolenia obesa differs from the other species mainly by sub-cylindrical frustules, conical valves, calyptra straight, positioned in right to oblique angle in relation to pervalvar axis, ornamented by longitudinal ribs and ending in two teeth and one ligula. Probably, the new species has a wider geographic distribution, since the small size and slightly silicified frustules make it difficult to visualize them by light microscopy analysis of samples.
Turbulence and Radiation in Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers: A Case Study from VOCALS-REx
Authors: Ghate Virendra P. , Albrecht Bruce A. , Miller Mark A. , Brewer Alan , Fairall Christopher W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObservations made during a 24-h period as part of the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean–Cloud–Atmosphere–Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) are analyzed to study the radiation and turbulence associated with the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer (BL). The first 14 h exhibited a well-mixed (coupled) BL with an average cloud-top radiative flux divergence of ~130 W m−2; the BL was decoupled during the last 10 h with negligible radiative flux divergence. The averaged radiative cooling very close to the cloud top was −9.04 K h−1 in coupled conditions and −3.85 K h−1 in decoupled conditions. This is the first study that combined data from a vertically pointing Doppler cloud radar and a Doppler lidar to yield the vertical velocity structure of the entire BL. The averaged vertical velocity variance and updraft mass flux during coupled conditions were higher than those during decoupled conditions at all levels by a factor of 2 or more. The vertical velocity skewness was negative in the entire BL during coupled conditions, whereas it was weakly positive in the lower third of the BL and negative above during decoupled conditions. A formulation of velocity scale is proposed that includes the effect of cloud-top radiative cooling in addition to the surface buoyancy flux. When scaled by the velocity scale, the vertical velocity variance and coherent downdrafts had similar magnitude during the coupled and decoupled conditions. The coherent updrafts that exhibited a constant profile in the entire BL during both the coupled and decoupled conditions scaled well with the convective velocity scale to a value of ~0.5.
Southern Hemisphere Stationary Wave Response to Changes of Ozone and Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Wang Lei , Kushner Paul J. , Waugh Darryn W. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric stationary wave amplitude increased significantly in late spring and early summer during the last two decades of the twentieth century. A suite of chemistry climate model simulations are examined to explore the underlying cause and the separate effects of anthropogenic forcing from ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the past and projected SH stationary wave evolution. The model simulations produce trends in the wave amplitude similar to that observed, although somewhat weaker. In simulations with changing ODSs, this increase in amplitude is reproduced during the ozone depletion period and is reversed during the ozone recovery period. This response is related to changes in the strength and timing of the breakdown of the SH polar vortex associated with ozone depletion and recovery. GHG increases have little impact on the simulated stratospheric stationary wave amplitude but are projected to induce an eastward phase shift of the waves. This phase shift is linked to the strengthening of the subtropical jets driven by GHG forcing via sea surface warming.
Deep Ocean Changes near the Western Boundary of the South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sloyan Bernadette M. , Wijffels Susan E. , Tilbrook Bronte , Katsumata Katsuro , Murata Akihiko , Macdonald Alison M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Repeated occupations of two hydrographic sections in the southwest Pacific basin from the 1990s to 2000s track property changes of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). The largest property changes—warming, freshening, increase in total carbon, and decrease in oxygen—are found near the basin’s deep western boundary between 50° and 20°S. The magnitude of the property changes decreases with increasing distance from the western boundary. At the deep western boundary, analysis of the relative importance of AABW (γn &gt; 28.1 kg m−3) freshening, heating, or isopycnal heave suggests that the deep ocean stratification change is the result of both warming and freshening processes. The consistent deep ocean changes near the western boundary of the southwest Pacific basin dispel the notion that the deep ocean is quiescent. High-latitude climate variability is being directly transmitted into the deep southwest Pacific basin and the global deep ocean through dynamic deep western boundary currents.
Volume and Potential Vorticity Budgets of Eighteen Degree Water
Authors: Deremble Bruno , Dewar W. K. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Mode waters are a distinctive baroclinic feature of the World Ocean characterized by relatively weak vertical stratification. They correspond dynamically to low potential vorticity (PV). In the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, the mode waters have become known as Eighteen Degree Water. Their dynamics involves air–sea interaction, diapycnal and isopycnal mixing, and subduction. Understanding mode water dynamics is therefore both challenging and important since it connects several aspects of the ocean circulation. Mass and PV budget of the mode water's core, evaluated in a realistic primitive equation North Atlantic model, are used to characterize mode water maintenance. It is shown that the surface PV flux has very little impact on mode water; the surface buoyancy flux in combination with eddy mass flux is the most important control on mode water structure. A mean PV formalism is used to show that the PV and water-mass formation budgets are intrinsically linked. A decomposition of the budget demonstrates the role of the mean PV field in permitting the eddy mass flux to discharge the net formation to the surrounding fluid.
An Assessment of Density-Based Finescale Methods for Estimating Diapycnal Diffusivity in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Frants Marina , Damerell Gillian M. , Gille Sarah T. , Heywood Karen J. , MacKinnon Jennifer , Sprintall Janet 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Finescale estimates of diapycnal diffusivity κ are computed from CTD and expendable CTD (XCTD) data sampled in Drake Passage and in the eastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean and are compared against microstructure measurements from the same times and locations. The microstructure data show vertical diffusivities that are one-third to one-fifth as large over the smooth abyssal plain in the southeastern Pacific as they are in Drake Passage, where diffusivities are thought to be enhanced by the flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over rough topography. Finescale methods based on vertical strain estimates are successful at capturing the spatial variability between the low-mixing regime in the southeastern Pacific and the high-mixing regime of Drake Passage. Thorpe-scale estimates for the same dataset fail to capture the differences between Drake Passage and eastern Pacific estimates. XCTD profiles have lower vertical resolution and higher noise levels after filtering than CTD profiles, resulting in XCTD κ estimates that are, on average, an order of magnitude higher than CTD estimates. Overall, microstructure diffusivity estimates are better matched by strain-based estimates than by estimates based on Thorpe scales, and CTD data appear to perform better than XCTD data. However, even the CTD-based strain diffusivity estimates can differ from microstructure diffusivities by nearly an order of magnitude, suggesting that density-based fine-structure methods of estimating mixing from CTD or XCTD data have real limitations in low-stratification regimes such as the Southern Ocean.
A Modified Multivariate Madden–Julian Oscillation Index Using Velocity Potential
Authors: Ventrice Michael J. , Wheeler Matthew C. , Hendon Harry H. , Schreck Carl J. , Thorncroft Chris D. , Kiladis George N. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A new Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) index is developed from a combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of meridionally averaged 200-hPa velocity potential (VP200), 200-hPa zonal wind (U200), and 850-hPa zonal wind (U850). Like the Wheeler–Hendon Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index, which was developed in the same way except using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data instead of VP200, daily data are projected onto the leading pair of EOFs to produce the two-component index. This new index is called the velocity potential MJO (VPM) indices and its properties are quantitatively compared to RMM. Compared to the RMM index, the VPM index detects larger-amplitude MJO-associated signals during boreal summer. This includes a slightly stronger and more coherent modulation of Atlantic tropical cyclones. This result is attributed to the fact that velocity potential preferentially emphasizes the planetary-scale aspects of the divergent circulation, thereby spreading the convectively driven component of the MJO’s signal across the entire globe. VP200 thus deemphasizes the convective signal of the MJO over the Indian Ocean warm pool, where the OLR variability associated with the MJO is concentrated, and enhances the signal over the relatively drier longitudes of the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic. This work provides a useful framework for systematic analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of different MJO indices.
Wavelet Analysis of Seasonal Rainfall Variability of the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Its Teleconnection to Global Sea Surface Temperature, and Its Forecasting by an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Elsanabary Mohamed Helmy , Gan Thian Yew 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Rainfall is the primary driver of basin hydrologic processes. This article examines a recently developed rainfall predictive tool that combines wavelet principal component analysis (WPCA), an artificial neural networks-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA), and statistical disaggregation into an integrated framework useful for the management of water resources around the upper Blue Nile River basin (UBNB) in Ethiopia. From the correlation field between scale-average wavelet powers (SAWPs) of the February–May (FMAM) global sea surface temperature (SST) and the first wavelet principal component (WPC1) of June–September (JJAS) seasonal rainfall over the UBNB, sectors of the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans where SSTs show a strong teleconnection with JJAS rainfall in the UBNB (r ≥ 0.4) were identified. An ANN-GA model was developed to forecast the UBNB seasonal rainfall using the selected SST sectors. Results show that ANN-GA forecasted seasonal rainfall amounts that agree well with the observed data for the UBNB [root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) between 0.72 and 0.82, correlation between 0.68 and 0.77, and Hanssen–Kuipers (HK) scores between 0.5 and 0.77], but the results in the foothills region of the Great Rift Valley (GRV) were poor, which is expected since the variability of WPC1 mainly comes from the highlands of Ethiopia. The Valencia and Schaake model was used to disaggregate the forecasted seasonal rainfall to weekly rainfall, which was found to reasonably capture the characteristics of the observed weekly rainfall over the UBNB. The ability to forecast the UBNB rainfall at a season-long lead time will be useful for an optimal allocation of water usage among various competing users in the river basin.
Excretion of N1, N12-diacetylspermine in the urine of healthy individuals
Authors: Hiramatsu Kyoko , Sakaguchi Kouji , Fujie Nana , Saitoh Fumie , Takahama Emi , Moriya Shun-suke , Iwasaki Kaori , Sakaguchi Masayoshi , Takahashi Kei-ichi , Kawaikta Masao 
Published: August 2013

Background Urinary N 1 ,N12-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) is a novel tumour marker that can be used to detect early cancers. In this study, we examined whether spot urine samples could represent the daily excretion of DiAcSpm after creatinine normalization and which factors should be taken into account in determining reference values for this biomarker. Methods We collected the following urine samples: (1) samples from seven healthy volunteers collected on each day of two 2-day sessions to examine the circadian variation of DiAcSpm excretion; (2) samples from 3952 male and 1782 female volunteers to estimate the DiAcSpm concentrations in apparently healthy adults and (3) samples from 16 female volunteers collected every morning over a 3-month period to examine the menstruation-related variation in DiAcSpm excretion. The DiAcSpm concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or a colloidal gold aggregation procedure using DiAcSpm-specific antibodies. Results (1) The circadian variation of DiAcSpm in the urine was greatly diminished after creatinine normalization. (2) DiAcSpm was higher in females than in males, and the creatinine-normalized medians (95th percentile) of the urinary DiAcSpm concentrations were 149 (305) and 100 (192) nmol/g creatinine for females and males, respectively. (3) The mean concentrations of urinary DiAcSpm were lower after menstruation than before menstruation by approximately 30 nmol/g creatinine. Conclusion Spot urine samples obtained at any time of a day may be used to estimate the daily excretion of DiAcSpm in nmol DiAcSpm per gram creatinine. Sex, age and menstrual condition should be considered when determining the reference values for urinary DiAcSpm.
Are Gamers Better Crossers? An Examination of Action Video Game Experience and Dual Task Effects in a Simulated Street Crossing Task
Authors: Gaspar John G. , Neider Mark B. , Crowell James A. , Lutz Aubrey , Kaczmarski Henry , Kramer Arthur F. 
Published: August 2013

Objective: A high-fidelity street crossing simulator was used to test the hypothesis that experienced action video game players are less vulnerable than nongamers to dual task costs in complex tasks. Background: Previous research has shown that action video game players outperform nonplayers on many single task measures of perception and attention. It is unclear, however, whether action video game players outperform nonplayers in complex, divided attention tasks. Method: Experienced action video game players and nongamers completed a street crossing task in a high-fidelity simulator. Participants walked on a manual treadmill to cross the street. During some crossings, a cognitively demanding working memory task was added. Results: Dividing attention resulted in more collisions and increased decision making time. Of importance, these dual task costs were equivalent for the action video game players and the nongamers. Conclusion These results suggest that action video game players are equally susceptible to the costs of dividing attention in a complex task. Application: Perceptual and attentional benefits associated with action video game experience may not translate to performance benefits in complex, real-world tasks.
Change in Health Literacy Over 2 Years in Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Morris Nancy S. , MacLean Charles D. , Littenberg Benjamin 
Published: August 2013

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of health literacy in adults with diabetes over time. Understanding the dynamic nature of health literacy is important when tailoring health messages, especially those targeted at the management of chronic health conditions. Method This was a descriptive longitudinal study of 751 adults with diabetes randomly selected from primary care practices in the Vermont Diabetes Information System study between July 2003 and December 2007. Participants were interviewed and completed questionnaires upon entrance into the study and again 24 months later. Health literacy was measured with the Short Test for Functional Health Literacy of Adults. Participants also completed the SF-12 and the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire and self-reported their sex, income, education, marital status, race/ethnicity, health insurance, duration of diabetes, and problems with vision. Results A significant decrease in health literacy was noted over 24 months. The largest decrease was in adults ≥65 years of age and those with higher physical function at baseline. Smaller declines were noted for women and participants who were white, higher educated, poly-pharmacy users, and with fair to excellent vision. Conclusions Health literacy exhibits decline with increasing age among adults with diabetes. Individual variability in health literacy has implications for the best timing and approach to provide self-management education and support.
The Relationship Between Hemoglobin A1C in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Chaos in the Family Household
Authors: Levin Laura , Kichler Jessica C. , Polfuss Michele 
Published: August 2013

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine how physical and social environments, as measured by household chaos, affect the diabetes control (ie, A1C) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Methods One hundred and four patients (53 male, 51 female) with T1DM (aged 1-13 years) and their caregivers were recruited from a diabetes clinic at a Midwestern children’s hospital. The caregivers completed a demographic questionnaire as well as a questionnaire pertaining to chaos in the household. A medical record review at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up was also conducted. Results Results found that above and beyond the demographic covariates, there still remained a significant relationship between household chaos and glycemic control. Those who scored more than 1 standard deviation above the mean Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS) measure score showed significantly worse glycemic control at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions This study demonstrated the relationship of family environment and glycemic control for youth with T1DM. The findings highlight the need to individually assess the youth’s home environment to promote diabetes management and care during clinic visits.
Tracheocutaneous Fistula Closure in the Pediatric Population: Should Secondary Closure Be the Standard of Care?
Authors: Osborn Alexander J. , de Alarcón Alessandro , Hart Catherine K. , Cotton Robin T. , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) closure is achieved by excision followed either by primary closure or healing by secondary intention. Although primary closure provides immediate resolution of the fistula, it is associated with more severe potential complications. Healing by secondary intention minimizes these potential complications; however, it is inconvenient for the patient and may be more likely to require revision surgery. We have had 2 life‐threatening complications after primary closure, and as a result, we largely changed our practice pattern. We compared complication and success rates of the 2 methods since this change to determine its ramifications.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingAcademic tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.Subjects and MethodsTwo hundred sixteen patients who underwent TCF closure between January 2004 and August 2012.ResultsForty‐six (21.3%) fistulae were addressed by primary closure, and 170 (78.7%) were addressed by secondary intention. The complication and revision rates were not significantly different between the 2 methods (8.7% vs 10% and 8.7% vs 14.7%, respectively).ConclusionIn our study, we did not see any statistical differences between the 2 methods studied but could not exclude clinically important differences that may have favored one method over the other. Although our comparative results were inconclusive, we have adopted secondary closure as standard practice for management of pediatric TCF. Individual surgeons and patients may use the data presented to help guide decisions concerning which procedure is most appropriate.