bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of capacitive deionization process parameters on salt adsorption capacity via experimental design approach
Authors: Açıkgül Demet , Duranoğlu Dilek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Process parameters of Capacitive Deionization (CDI) was investigated and optimized in this study. The effect of adsorption period (7–13 min), flow rate (5–20 ml min−1), and NaCl concentration (2–22 mM) on salt adsorption capacity was examined via Box-Behnken experimental design approach. A quadratic regression model (R2 = 0.9987) was developed, revealing significant individual and binary effects between process parameters and salt adsorption capacity. The ANOVA results demonstrated its high significance with the p-value<0.0001. Optimal conditions varied with salt concentration, indicating significant interactions between the parameters. Maximum salt adsorption capacity occurred at 5 ml min−1 flow rate and 13 min adsorption period for 22 mM NaCl, whereas for 12 mM and 2 mM NaCl concentrations, maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at the flow rate of 20 ml min−1 and duration of 13 min. This study provided deep insights into CDI modelling and optimization, crucial for water treatment advancements.
X-ray diffraction profile analysis of green synthesized ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mathumba Penny , Bilibana Mawethu P , Olatunde Olalekan C , Onwudiwe Damian C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared through a plant-extract mediated hydrothermal synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the crystalline nature and the phase characteristic of the obtained nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction profile analysis models such as Williamson–Hall analysis, size-strain plot and Rietveld analysis were further used in evaluating the microstructural parameters of the obtained materials. The calculated particle size for all the models was in great agreement, with values in the range of 55.46–87.6 nm recorded for ZnO, while for TiO2, the crystallite size was in the range of 33.82–41.9 nm. The calculated crystal microstrain varied based on the model, while the stress in the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated at 3.8 and 13.7 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, TiO2 nanoparticles had a higher energy density of 8.96 × 10–8 KJ m−3 compared to 7.12 × 10–8 KJ m−3 obtained for ZnO.
Sensitivity changes of US maize yields to extreme heat through timely precipitation patterns
Authors: Zhao Haidong , Zhang Lina , Wan Nenghan , Avenson Tom J , Welch Stephen M , Lin Xiaomao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Warm temperatures due to increases of greenhouse gas emissions have changed temperature distribution patterns especially for their extremes, which negatively affect crop yields. However, the assessment of these negative impacts remains unclear when surface precipitation patterns are shifted. Using a statistical model along with 23,944 county-year maize-yield data during 1981–2020 in the US Corn Belt, we found that the occurrence of timely precipitation reduced the sensitivity of maize yields to extreme heat by an average of 20% during the growing season with variations across phenological periods. Spatially across the US corn belt, maize in the northern region exhibited more significant benefits from timely precipitation compared to the southern region, despite the pronounced negative effects of extreme heat on yields in cooler regions. This study underscores the necessity of incorporating timely precipitation as a pivotal factor in estimating heat effects under evolving climates, offering valuable insights into complex climate-related challenges.
Effect of R410a coolant on tool wear, dimensional deviation and surface roughness in turning of AISI 1045 steel
Authors: Khalaj Gholamreza , Haghparast Mohammad-Javad , Salari Mohammad-Sadegh , Motahari Alireza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Friction between the tool and the workpiece during machining operations always increases the tool wear rate. Removing this problem by using fluids and cooling the tools is essential. In this research, the effects of two cooling conditions: Water Soluble Cutting Oil (WSCO) fluid and R410a coolant, on the tool wear rate, dimensional deviation and surface roughness of AISI 1045 steel (CK45) in turning with a high-speed steel (HSS) tool were investigated. The selected parameters were cutting speeds of 15, 25, 40 and 55 m min−1, cutting depths of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mm and feed rates of 0.05, 0.12 and 0.2 mm rev−1. The results show that cooling by R410a coolant reduces the tool wear rate due to its high cooling power and better temperature control at the cutting zone compared to WSCO fluid. Based on the minimums of tool wear, dimensional deviation and surface roughness in different conditions, using R410a coolant can increase the cutting speed by 60% from 25 to 40 m min−1. Also, in the optimal condition at a cutting speed of 40 m min−1, cutting depth of 1 mm and feed rate of 0.05 mm rev−1., tool wear, dimensional deviation and surface roughness are reduced by up to 20, 6 and 10 times respectively. In the optimal condition, the dimensional deviation based on the diameter difference along 300 mm is reduced to 14 μm and also the tool wear rate and surface roughness after 60 min of turning are reduced to 20 and 3.1 μm respectively. The effect of each input variable on tool wear, dimensional deviation and surface roughness was calculated by statistical analysis and was validated by ANOVA.
Tissue-like interfacing of planar electrochemical organic neuromorphic devices
Authors: Rana Daniela , Kim Chi-hyeong , Wang Meijing , Cicoira Fabio , Santoro Francesca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electrochemical organic neuromorphic devices (ENODes) are rapidly developing as platforms for computing, automation, and biointerfacing. Resembling short- and long-term synaptic plasticity is a key characteristic in creating functional neuromorphic interfaces that showcase spiking activity and learning capabilities. This potentially enables ENODes to couple with biological systems, such as living neuronal cells and ultimately the brain. Before coupling ENODes with the brain, it is worth investigating the neuromorphic behavior of ENODes when they interface with electrolytes that have a consistency similar to brain tissue in mechanical properties, as this can affect the modulation of ion and neurotransmitter diffusion. Here, we present ENODEs based on different PEDOT:PSS formulations with various geometries interfacing with gel-electrolytes loaded with a neurotransmitter to mimic brain-chip interfacing. Short-term plasticity and neurotransmitter-mediated long-term plasticity have been characterized in contact with diverse gel electrolytes. We found that both the composition of the electrolyte and the PEDOT:PSS formulation used as gate and channel material play a crucial role in the diffusion and trapping of cations that ultimately modulate the conductance of the transistor channels. It was shown that paired pulse facilitation can be achieved in both devices, while long-term plasticity can be achieved with a tissue-like soft electrolyte, such as agarose gel electrolyte, on spin-coated ENODes. Our work on ENODe-gel coupling could pave the way for effective brain interfacing for computing and neuroelectronic applications.
Advancing environmental epidemiologic methods to confront the cancer burden
Authors: Kehm Rebecca D , Lloyd Susan E , Burke Kimberly R , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Even though many environmental carcinogens have been identified, studying their effects on specific cancers has been challenging in nonoccupational settings, where exposures may be chronic but at lower levels. Although exposure measurement methods have improved considerably, along with key opportunities to integrate multi-omic platforms, there remain challenges that need to be considered, particularly around the design of studies. Cancer studies typically exclude individuals with prior cancers and start recruitment in midlife. This translates into a failure to capture individuals who may have been most susceptible because of both germline susceptibility and higher early-life exposures that lead to premature mortality from cancer and/or other environmentally caused diseases like lung diseases. Using the example of breast cancer, we demonstrate how integration of susceptibility, both for cancer risk and for exposure windows, may provide a more complete picture regarding the harm of many different environmental exposures. Choice of study design is critical to examining the effects of environmental exposures, and it will not be enough to just rely on the availability of existing cohorts and samples within these cohorts. In contrast, new, diverse, early-onset case-control studies may provide many benefits to understanding the impact of environmental exposures on cancer risk and mortality.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Eating Disorder Onset Among U.S. Military Service Members
Authors: Klimek-Johnson Patrycja , Jacobson Isabel G , Geronimo-Hara Toni Rose , Sharifian Neika , McMaster Hope S , Rull Rudolph P , Maguen Shira , Cohort Study for the Millennium 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are the most prevalent eating disorders (EDs) among military personnel. Although sex differences are noted in ED prevalence in military and civilian samples, mixed findings have emerged when evaluating racial and ethnic differences. The present study examined independent associations and interactions between sex, race, ethnicity, and probable BED and BN onset. The sample included 91,413 and 96,245 service members from the Millennium Cohort Study for BED and BN analyses, respectively. Up to four datapoints (from 2001-2013) were used to conduct longitudinal complementary log-log regression analyses, as participants were followed until the outcome occurred or until study completion. BN was more likely among women than men, and no sex difference emerged for BED onset. BN was more likely among Hispanic/Latinx, Multiracial, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) while BED was less likely among Black and API versus non-Hispanic/Latinx White (NHW) service members. Interactions revealed greater likelihood of BN in Hispanic/Latinx service members was driven by men. Additional efforts are needed amongst racially and ethnically diverse groups in preventing and detecting EDs in military personnel. Future intersectionality research could elucidate systemic inequities and other contributing factors to ED onset to inform prevention and treatment efforts.
Barriers to initial COVID-19 booster among US adults who completed a primary vaccine series in the CHASING COVID cohort, September 2021–October 2022
Authors: Rane Madhura S , Shen Yanhan , Robertson Mc Kaylee , Penrose Kate , Srivastava Avantika , Puzniak Laura , Allen Kristen E , Porter Thomas M , Kulkarni Sarah , You William , Berry Amanda , Parcesepe Angela M , Grov Christian , Zimba Rebecca , Nash Denis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It is crucial to understand factors associated with COVID-19 booster uptake in the United States given the updated COVID-19 vaccine recommendations. Using data from a national prospective cohort (n = 4616) between September 2021 and October 2022, we examined socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors of initial booster uptake among participants fully vaccinated with the primary COVID-19 vaccines series. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations of each factor with time to initial booster uptake. Most participants (86.5%) reported receiving their initial booster. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, region, and employment, participants with greater risk for severe COVID-19 had similar booster uptake compared with those with lower risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95-1.14). Participants with greater barriers to healthcare (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96), food insecurity (aHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75-0.89), and housing instability (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.90) were less likely to report receiving initial booster compared with those without those barriers. Factors motivating the decision to vaccinate changed from safety-related concerns for the primary series to perceived need for the booster. It is key to address economic and health access barriers to achieve equitable COVID-19 vaccine uptake and continued protection against COVID-19.
Implementation of an interprofessional model for the management of postpartum hypertension
Authors: Safri Ana A , Kopcza Brian T , Kaplon Stacey Cohen , Norman Kelsey E , O’Brien Katelyn , Falinski Joseph P , O’Brien Megan E , Yarrington Christina D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Postpartum hypertension (PPHTN) poses increased risks, including of stroke. Timely assessment and management by clinicians is imperative but challenging. Team-based care involving pharmacists has shown promise in improving blood pressure control, yet its application in PPHTN management remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to determine the impact and feasibility of an interprofessional model for PPHTN management.

Summary
This initiative implemented a novel interprofessional model at a safety-net hospital to address previous workflow limitations. Ambulatory care pharmacists collaborated with an obstetric nurse (OBRN) and a maternal fetal medicine specialist to manage high-risk patients with PPHTN utilizing electronic consults (e-consults). Data collection and symptom assessment were completed by an OBRN via telemedicine appointments. Pharmacists employed a collaborative practice agreement based on a preestablished algorithm to initiate medications. Data on patient demographics, consult volume, prescriptions, and pharmacist comfort were collected during the first quarter of full integration. Pharmacists completed 55 e-consults and generated 54 prescriptions. The average time spent per chart review was 12.5 minutes, and the average time to completion of e-consults was 54 minutes. Forty-five unique patients received care, who were primarily non–English-speaking and non-Hispanic Black patients. Pharmacists reported moderate to high comfort levels in managing PPHTN based on the algorithm and provided feedback leading to workflow adjustments.

Conclusion
Integration of pharmacists into PPHTN care enables prompt medication initiation and titration. This innovative model, involving remote blood pressure monitoring, telemedicine visits with an OBRN, and e-consults completed by pharmacists, ensures delivery of timely and equitable care and improved access across a diverse population.
Unraveling spatial domain characterization in spatially resolved transcriptomics with robust graph contrastive clustering
Authors: Zhang Yingxi , Yu Zhuohan , Wong Ka-Chun , Li Xiangtao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Spatial transcriptomics can quantify gene expression and its spatial distribution in tissues, thus revealing molecular mechanisms of cellular interactions underlying tissue heterogeneity, tissue regeneration, and spatially localized disease mechanisms. However, existing spatial clustering methods often fail to exploit the full potential of spatial information, resulting in inaccurate identification of spatial domains.

Results
In this article, we develop a deep graph contrastive clustering framework, stDGCC, that accurately uncovers underlying spatial domains via explicitly modeling spatial information and gene expression profiles from spatial transcriptomics data. The stDGCC framework proposes a spatially informed graph node embedding model to preserve the topological information of spots and to learn the informative and discriminative characterization of spatial transcriptomics data through self-supervised contrastive learning. By simultaneously optimizing the contrastive learning loss, reconstruction loss, and Kullback–Leibler divergence loss, stDGCC achieves joint optimization of feature learning and topology structure preservation in an end-to-end manner. We validate the effectiveness of stDGCC on various spatial transcriptomics datasets acquired from different platforms, each with varying spatial resolutions. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of stDGCC over various state-of-the-art clustering methods in accurately identifying cellular-level biological structures.

Availability and implementation
Code and data are available from https://github.com/TimE9527/stDGCC and https://figshare.com/projects/stDGCC/186525.
Colour pattern diversity and evolution in Oriental velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Aculeata: Mutillidae)
Authors: Boutin Maxime , Vilhelmsen Lars 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Mutillidae (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) are a family of solitary ectoparasitoid wasps, famous for their sting and conspicuous coloration. The occurrence of Müllerian mimicry complexes has been demonstrated in both Africa and North America. Müllerian mimicry is the resemblance between several harmful species, advertising their defence to would-be predators by sharing a conspicuous colour pattern. Various colour patterns are known to occur in Oriental (Asian) velvet ants, but potential Müllerian mimicry complexes have not yet been inferred. We analysed the coloration of the females of 283 Oriental velvet ant species (52 genera), characterized by 12 phenotypic traits, and we identified shared colour patterns. Morphological differences between groups were tested using non-metric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. We also inferred the geographical range of these colour patterns, and we investigated whether the shared patterns are the result of convergent evolution or common ancestry. We identified six distinct shared colour patterns, of which four can be associated with Müllerian mimicry. We also studied the position and shape of metasomal markings, and we found no association with mimicry rings. Our results improve the understanding of colour evolution in Oriental velvet ants and extend the previously described Müllerian mimicry complex to the south Asiatic landmass.
Testing hypotheses for male aggregations in lek and the implications for sexual selection in the White-throated manakin, Corapipo gutturalis (Aves: Pipridae)
Authors: Tolentino Mariana , Rampini Aline P , Aramuni Filipe , Ryder Thomas B , Anciães Marina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To understand male spatial aggregation in lek systems, questions have focused on whether males aggregate in areas with higher female abundance, around males that attract more females, or because of a female preference for certain male. For this, we investigated how social organization and male–male interactions are associated with female visitation in leks of the white-throated manakin (Corapipo gutturalis). Specifically, we evaluated whether females prefer higher-ranked males (based on the fidelity to court, display, and male age) and high-activity courts, as predicted by the hotshot hypothesis. In addition, but not mutually exclusive, we evaluated whether multi-male visitation at court and/or shorter spatial aggregation of courts attracted more females. We found that the highest-ranked males received significantly more female and male visits. However, the total activity at courts did not predict female visitation to males, but did predict male visitation to males. Furthermore, female visitation at courts was not predicted by the proportion of multi-male visitation at courts but by spatial aggregation of courts. These results suggest that the hotshot hypothesis illustrated by the male rank at court explains female visitation and male aggregation in leks of this species, generating a system in which males tend to compete for the highest rank in the court.
High-speed imaging and quantitative analysis of nonequilibrium stochastic processes using atomic resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Nakamuro Takayuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chemical phenomena are inherently complex and stochastic, making them difficult to fully understand using conventional ensemble-averaged analytical methods. These methods primarily capture long-lived species and common structural features, limiting the study of transient intermediates and minute structural characteristics. In contrast, single-molecule time-resolved analysis using advanced microscopy techniques, particularly transmission electron microscopy, offers high spatial and temporal resolution to observe the nonequilibrium dynamics of molecules and their assemblies. This account discusses the authors’ research on developing transmission electron microscopy techniques to visualize intricate and transient interactions within molecular systems, enhancing the understanding of chemical phenomena at atomic and molecular levels.
Integrins as a bridge between bacteria and cells: key targets for therapeutic wound healing
Authors: Yu Dong , Lu Zhaoyu , Chong Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Integrins are heterodimers composed of α and β subunits that are bonded through non-covalent interactions. Integrins mediate the dynamic connection between extracellular adhesion molecules and the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Integrins are present in various tissues and organs where these heterodimers participate in diverse physiological and pathological responses at the molecular level in living organisms. Wound healing is a crucial process in the recovery from traumatic diseases and comprises three overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Integrins are regulated during the entire wound healing process to enhance processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. Prolonged inflammation may result in failure of wound healing, leading to conditions such as chronic wounds. Bacterial colonization of a wound is one of the primary causes of chronic wounds. Integrins facilitate the infectious effects of bacteria on the host organism, leading to chronic inflammation, bacterial colonization, and ultimately, the failure of wound healing. The present study investigated the role of integrins as bridges for bacteria–cell interactions during wound healing, evaluated the role of integrins as nodes for bacterial inhibition during chronic wound formation, and discussed the challenges and prospects of using integrins as therapeutic targets in wound healing.