bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache in a young male: the clot thickens
Authors: Miller Charles Philip , Stedman Jonathan , Nagaratnam Kiruba , Gray Robert 
Published: May 2013

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare but serious cause of headache. In this report, we present a young man with poorly controlled Crohn's disease who presented with a 2-week history of headache and fluctuating left-sided sensory and motor symptoms. CT demonstrated changes consistent with either a subarachnoid haemorrhage or venous sinus thrombosis. The ensuing magnetic resonance venogram confirmed superior sagittal venous sinus thrombosis and an infarct of his right superior frontal lobe. The patient was started on low-molecular weight heparin and steroids. He required multi-disciplinary input from the stroke physicians, neurologists, gastroenterologists, dieticians and physiotherapists. He made a full neurological recovery and is now on long-term azathioprine. The purpose of this report is to highlight the consideration of venous sinus thrombosis in the diagnosis of headache and as a rare extraintestinal complication of Crohn's disease.
Comparison of two cohorts of patients presenting with AIDS: patients with previously known HIV diagnoses and true late presenters
Authors: Lee MJ , Rayment M , Scourfield A , Gazzard B 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the factors associated with developing AIDS 6 months or more after an HIV diagnosis, and to examine how post-HIV diagnosis AIDS (PHDA) patients differed from true late presenters (HIV diagnosed concurrent with the first AIDS presenting event) in their demographics and comorbidities.MethodsA retrospective analysis was undertaken of all inpatients admitted to a large HIV unit presenting with the following AIDS-defining infections: cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis orPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010.Results114 HIV-positive patients presented with AIDS-defining infections. Compared with late presenters, PHDA patients had a larger proportion of migrants and visitors (53.7% vs 34.0%, p=0.047), were more likely to inject drugs (9.3% vs 0.0%, p=0.032), had more previous HIV-associated diseases (57.4% vs 12.8%, p=0.000), psychiatric comorbidities (35.2% vs 12.8%, p=0.009), rates of alcohol abuse (24.1% vs 4.3%, p=0.005) and reported social issues (25.9% vs 0.00%, p=0.000). 88.9% of PHDA patients were lost to follow-up for a period of at least 4 months since diagnosis. Common reasons for clinic non-attendance included travel, social issues, transfer of care and treatment avoidance. Common reasons for antiretroviral treatment breaks included drug side effects, negative beliefs about medication, incompatible lifestyles and social issues.ConclusionsCompared with late presenters, PHDA patients demonstrate clear demographical differences including higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, social issues, alcohol and substance abuse. Many PHDA patients default follow-up. The retention of HIV patients in care and on treatment must be addressed by clinicians to prevent avoidable morbidity.
Cross-sectional survey of treatment practices for urethritis at pharmacies, private clinics and government health facilities in coastal Kenya: many missed opportunities for HIV prevention
Authors: Mugo Peter M , Duncan Sarah , Mwaniki Samuel W , Thiong'o Alexander N , Gichuru Evanson , Okuku Haile Selassie , van der Elst Elise M , Smith Adrian D , Graham Susan M , Sanders Eduard J 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundWhile bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are important cofactors for HIV transmission, STI control has received little attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to assess STI treatment and HIV testing referral practices among health providers in Kenya.MethodsIn 2011 we assessed quality of case management for male urethritis at pharmacies, private clinics and government health facilities in coastal Kenya using simulated visits at pharmacies and interviews at pharmacies and health facilities. Quality was assessed using Ministry of Health guidelines.ResultsTwenty (77%) of 26 pharmacies, 20 (91%) of 22 private clinics and all four government facilities in the study area took part. The median (IQR) number of adult urethritis cases per week was 5 (2–10) at pharmacies, 3 (1–3) at private clinics and 5 (2–17) at government facilities. During simulated visits, 10% of pharmacies prescribed recommended antibiotics at recommended dosages and durations and, during interviews, 28% of pharmacies and 27% of health facilities prescribed recommended antibiotics at recommended dosages and durations. Most regimens were quinolone-based. HIV testing was recommended during 10% of simulated visits, 20% of pharmacy interviews and 25% of health facility interviews.ConclusionsIn an area of high STI burden, most men with urethritis seek care at pharmacies and private clinics. Most providers do not comply with national guidelines and very few recommend HIV testing. In order to reduce the STI burden and mitigate HIV transmission, there is an urgent need for innovative dissemination of up-to-date guidelines and inclusion of all health providers in HIV/STI programmes.
Transplantation for Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Schaffer Justin M. , Singh Steve K. , Joyce David L. , Reitz Bruce A. , Robbins Robert C. , Zamanian Roham T. , Mallidi Hari R. 
Published: May 2013

Background—
Lung transplantation and heart-lung transplantation represent surgical options for treatment of medically refractory idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. The effect of the lung allocation score on wait-list and transplantation outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is poorly described.

Methods and Results—
Adults diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and listed for transplantation in the 80 months before and after the lung allocation score algorithm was implemented (n=1430) were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing thoracic registry. Patients were stratified by organ listed and pre– and post–lung allocation score era. The cumulative incidences of transplantation and mortality for wait-listed patients in both eras were appraised with competing outcomes analysis. Posttransplantation survival was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. These analyses were repeated in propensity-matched subgroups. Cox proportional hazards analysis evaluated the effect of prelisting and pretransplantation characteristics on mortality. We found that patients in the post–lung allocation score era had significantly worse comorbidities; nevertheless, both lung transplantation and heart-lung transplantation candidates in this era enjoyed lower wait-list mortality and a higher incidence of transplantation in unmatched and propensity-matched analyses. On multivariable analysis, heart-lung transplantation and double-lung transplantation were associated with improved survival from the time of wait-listing, as was being listed at a medium- to high-volume institution. Donor/recipient sex matching predicted posttransplantation survival.

Conclusions—
The incidence of transplantation has increased while wait-list mortality has decreased in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension wait-listed for transplantation in the post–lung allocation score era. Both heart-lung transplantation and double-lung transplantation are predictive of survival in transplantation candidates with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, as is being listed at a medium- to high-volume institution. Donor/recipient sex matching is associated with better posttransplantation survival.
Description and systematic affinity of Alaninema ngata n. sp. (Alaninematidae: Panagrolaimorpha) parasitising leaf-veined slugs (Athoracophoridae: Pulmonata) in New Zealand
Authors: Ivanova Elena S. , Spiridonov Sergei E. , Clark Walter C. , Tourna Maria , Wilson Michael J. , Barker Gary M. 
Published: May 2013

A new Alaninema species associated with leaf-veined slugs (Athoracophoridae) in New Zealand is described and illustrated. Alaninema ngata n. sp. is characterised by a very long, cylindrical body, rounded head bearing two circles of cephalic papillae and amphids, shallow stoma with three bifid teeth, muscular, cylindroid pharynx lacking valves, enlarged, rounded cardia, nerve ring crossing the anterior intestine, excretory pore situated just posterior to nerve ring, monodelphic females with post-median vulva, thick-shelled eggs covered with prominent tubercles, monorchic males with short testis reflection, reduced number of male genital papillae, strong equal spicules and gubernaculum and tail tip bearing about 20 digitate processes. It is distinguished from A. venmansi and A. njoroensis by having a larger body size (mean 8.3 mm and 13.8 mm in males and females, respectively vs 8.2 mm females in A. venmansi and 4.8 mm and 5.5 mm in A. njoroensis males and females, respectively) and more anterior vulval position (V = 51.6 vs 70 and 66.4 in A. venmansi and A. njoroensis, respectively). Analyses of a partial 18S rDNA sequence indicate that A. ngata n. sp. is affiliated to the Panagrolaimorpha. The systematic position, host range and distribution of A. ngata n. sp. are discussed.
Divergent Eddy Heat Fluxes in the Kuroshio Extension at 144°–148°E. Part I: Mean Structure
Authors: Bishop Stuart P. , Watts D. Randolph , Donohue Kathleen A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) provided 16 months of observations to quantify eddy heat flux (EHF) from a mesoscale-resolving array of current- and pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (CPIES). The mapped EHF estimates agreed well with point in situ measurements from subsurface current meter moorings. Geostrophic currents determined with the CPIES separate the vertical structure into an equivalent-barotropic internal mode and a nearly depth-independent external mode measured in the deep ocean. As a useful by-product of this decomposition, the divergent EHF (DEHF) arises entirely from the correlation between the external mode and the upper-ocean thermal front. EHFs associated with the internal mode are completely rotational. DEHFs were mostly downgradient and strongest just upstream of a mean trough at ~147°E. The downgradient DEHFs resulted in a mean-to-eddy potential energy conversion rate that peaked midthermocline with a magnitude of 10 × 10−3 cm2 s−3 and a depth-averaged value of 3 × 10−3 cm2 s−3. DEHFs were vertically coherent, with subsurface maxima exceeding 400 kW m−2 near 400-m depth. The subsurface maximum DEHFs occurred near the depth where the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity lateral gradient changes sign from one layer to the next below it. The steering level is deeper than this depth of maximum DEHFs. A downgradient parameterization could be fitted to the DEHF vertical structure with a constant eddy diffusivity κ that had values of 800–1400 m2 s−1 along the mean path. The resulting divergent meridional eddy heat transport across the KESS array was 0.05 PW near 35.25°N, which may account for ~⅓ of the total Pacific meridional heat transport at this latitude.
Integration and Ocean-Based Prelaunch Validation of GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager Legacy Atmospheric Products
Authors: Xie Hua , Nalli Nicholas R. , Sampson Shanna , Wolf Walter W. , Li Jun , Schmit Timothy J. , Barnet Christopher D. , Joseph Everette , Morris Vernon R. , Yang Fanglin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
An ocean-based prelaunch evaluation of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) legacy atmospheric profile (LAP) products is conducted using proxy data based upon the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. SEVIRI-based LAP temperature and moisture profile retrievals are validated against in situ correlative data obtained over the open ocean from multiple years of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Aerosols and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE). The NOAA AEROSE data include dedicated radiosonde observations (RAOBs) launched from the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown over the tropical Atlantic: a region optimally situated within the full-disk scanning range of SEVIRI and one of great meteorological importance as the main development area of Atlantic hurricanes. The most recent versions of the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group team algorithms (e.g., cloud mask, aerosol detection products, and LAP) implemented within the algorithms integration team framework (the NOAA operational system that will host these operational product algorithms) are used in the analyses. Forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecasting System (NCEP GFS) are used for the LAP regression and direct comparisons. The GOES-R LAP retrievals are found to agree reasonably with the AEROSE RAOB observations, and overall retrievals improve both temperature and moisture against computer model NCEP GFS outputs. The validation results are then interpreted within the context of a difficult meteorological regime (e.g., Saharan air layers and dust) coupled with the difficulty of using a narrowband imager for the purpose of atmospheric sounding.
Manufacture of zinc oxide/chiral poly(amide-imide)-functionalized amino acid and thiazole bionanocomposites
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Ahmadizadegan Hashem 
Published: May 2013

In this work, novel optically active poly(amide-imide)/zinc oxide bionanocomposites (PAI/ZnO BNCs) containing l-valine moiety in the main chain were prepared via a simple and inexpensive ultrasonic irradiation process. Chiral PAI was synthesized by direct polycondensation reaction of N,N′-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-valine with 3,5-diamino- N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzamide in the tetrabutyl ammonium bromide/triphenylphosphite as a green solvent system. Due to the high surface energy and the tendency for agglomeration, the surface of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) was modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. PAI/ZnO BNCs containing 4, 8, and 12% of NPs were successfully fabricated through ultrasonic irradiation technique. The obtained BNCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. TGA data indicated an increase in thermal stability of the BNCs when compared with the pure polymer. From the TEM image of PAI/ZnO BNCs, it can be found that the surface-modified ZnO NPs, with a diametric size of less than 35 nm, are uniformly dispersed in the PAI matrix.
The Effects of Sleep Quality, Physical Activity, and Environmental Quality on the Risk of Falls in Dementia
Authors: Eshkoor Sima Ataollahi , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Nudin Siti Sa’adiah Hassan , Mun Chan Yoke 
Published: May 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effects of sleep quality, physical activity, environmental quality, age, ethnicity, sex differences, marital status, and educational level on the risk of falls in the elderly individuals with dementia. Methodology: Data were derived from a group of 1210 Malaysian elderly individuals who were noninstitutionalized and demented. The multiple logistic regression model was applied to estimate the risk of falls in respondents. Results: Approximately the prevalence of falls was 17% among the individuals. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03), ethnicity (OR = 1.76), sleep quality (OR = 1.46), and environmental quality (OR = 0.62) significantly affected the risk of falls in individuals ( P < .05). Furthermore, sex differences, marital status, educational level, and physical activity were not significant predictors of falls in samples ( P > .05). Conclusion: It was found that age, ethnic non-Malay, and sleep disruption increased the risk of falls in respondents, but high environmental quality reduced the risk of falls.
Outcomes of patients with POEMS syndrome treated initially with radiation
Authors: Humeniuk Michael S. , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Kyle Robert A. , Witzig Thomas E. , Kumar Shaji K. , Kapoor Prashant , Lust John A. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Buadi Francis K. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Russell Stephen J. , Dingli David , Lin Yi , Leung Nelson , Dispenzieri Angela 
Published: May 2013

Key PointsRadiation is appropriate primary therapy in approximately 25% of cases. Radiation provides long-term remissions in more than 50% of patients.
An AQCQ-functional equation in matrix Banach spaces
Authors: Park Choonkil , Lee Jung Rye , Shin Dong Yun 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Using the fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of an additive-quadratic-cubic-quartic functional equation in matrix normed spaces.

MSC:47L25, 47H10, 39B82, 46L07, 39B52.
A cascade of preventable complications following a missed femoral neck fracture after antegrade femoral nailing
Authors: McDonald Lucas S , Tepolt Frances , Leonardelli Dominic , Hammerberg E Mark , Stahel Philip F 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundOccult femoral neck fractures associated with femoral shaft fractures are frequently missed and may lead to adverse outcomes.Case presentationA 46-year old female presented to our institution with increasing groin pain one month after antegrade intramedullary nailing of a femoral shaft fracture at an outside hospital. Radiographic evaluation revealed a displaced ipsilateral femoral neck fracture, adjacent to the piriformis starting point of the nail. A revision fixation of the femoral shaft and neck fracture was performed. The patient sustained a series of complications requiring multiple revision surgeries, including a total hip arthroplasty. Despite the cascade of complications, the patient had an uneventful long-term recovery, without additional complications noted at one-year follow-up.ConclusionThis case report illustrates the necessity of increased awareness with a high level of suspicion for the presence of associated femoral shaft and neck fractures in any patient undergoing antegrade femoral nailing. Arguably, the cascade of complications presented in this paper could have been prevented with early recognition and initial stabilization of the occult femoral neck fracture. Standardized diagnostic protocols include “on table” pelvic radiographs to rule out associated femoral neck fractures. The diagnosis must be enforced in case of equivocal radiographic findings, either by computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging.
Sexual recognition and fertilization in brown algae
Authors: Callow J. A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Fertilization in the brown marine algae known as fucoids, is oogamous. The naked egg cell (80 qm diam.) is fertilized by small biflagellate spermatozoids and both monoecious and dioecious species are found. Fertilization is highly species-specific and this appears to be controlled during plasmogamy. Following fusion of egg and sperm, a rapid (&lt; 1 min) release of polyuronide cell wall material takes place from cytoplasmic vesicles within the egg. This is easily visualized using the fluorescent brightener Calcofluor, which therefore provides the basis of a quantitative fertilization bioassay. It has not proved possible to measure direct sperm binding to eggs.
In experiments to investigate the molecular basis of egg-sperm recognition, the effect of exogenous agents on the initial rate of fertilization was examined. Predigestion of eggs with low concentrations of two glycosidases, a-fucosidase and a-mannosidase, caused inhibition of fertilization. The lectins concanavalin A and RCAuo bound strongly to egg surfaces, as detected using fluorescent labels, but not to sperm. The binding to eggs inhibited fertilization. On the other hand, Fucose Binding Protein bound only weakly to eggs but strongly to sperm, again causing inhibition of fertilization. It has not proved possible to quantitate lectin binding since high levels of lectin-nonspecific binding were detected using iodinated lectins. These inhibition experiments suggest that specific sugar residues may be involved in egg-sperm recognition, but the effects of lectins must be treated with caution since a large amount of variability in the sensitivity of gametes was detected.
Attempts to isolate receptor fractions from egg cells have been partially successful. Egg membrane preparations bind sperm and sodium dodecyl sulphate-solubilized fractions, purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography, have yielded low levels of a soluble receptor-like fraction that has not yet been fully characterized.
Antisera raised against surface antigens of Fucus serratus sperm flagella, cause inhibition of fertilization in a species-specific manner, possibly by binding directly to the sperm fertilization receptor. A number of flagellar antigens were detected and future attempts to pinpoint the sperm receptor will make use of monoclonal antibodies.
Molecular basis of cell recognition during fertilization in higher plants
Authors: Clarke Adrienne E. , Anderson Marilyn A. , Bacic Tony , Harris Philip J. , Mau Shaio-Lim 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The molecular basis of recognition between plant cells is incompletely understood. Some principles established for recognition between animal cells may well apply to plant cell recognition, although, in contrast to animal cells, plant cells are encased by cell walls that play an active role in plant cell-cell recognition.
The interaction that controls fertilization in flowering plants involves recognition between pollen or pollen tubes and the female sexual tissues. In many flowering plant families, self-incompatibility (S) genes operate to prevent inbreeding. In plants that have gametophytically controlled selfincompatibility, recognition of common S alleles in pollen tube and style results in arrest of pollen tube growth within the style. Self-incompatibility therefore provides a model cell-cell recognition system that is genetically defined.
We have taken two approaches to defining cell recognition involved in gametophytic selfincompatibility in Nicotiana alata. Firstly, we have established the major features of the pollen tube wall and the matrix of the style transmitting tissue that are in contact with the growing pollen tube. Secondly, we have established the nature of style glycoproteins that are associated with the S genotype and have initiated a program to clone the genes coding for the protein component of these glycoproteins.
Analyses of the pollen tube are consistent with the major polymers being a (1→3)-β-D-glucan (callose) and a (1→5)-α -L-arabinan. The pollen tube has two distinct layers: gold immunocytochemistry using a monoclonal antibody directed to terminal a-L-arabinosyl residues shows the binding is confined to the outer layers. The major component of the extracellular matrix of the style transmitting tissue is a family of proteoglycans, the arabinogalactan-proteins.
A major glycoprotein that segregates with the Si allele is present in extracts of mature styles. This component has a high pI (&gt; 9’5) and an apparent molecular weight of 32 × 103. It is not present in extracts of immature styles of N. alata genotypes bearing the Si allele, or in extracts from other organs of N. alata or styles of other members of the Solanaceae. The isolated glycoprotein is an effective inhibitor of in vitro pollen tube growth. This evidence suggests that the Sz-associated glycoprotein is either the product of the Si allele, or a gene closely associated with the S gene. We have prepared a cDNA library from styles of one genotype and are screening this library with mRNA from mature and immature styles. We have also prepared synthetic oligonucleotide probes to N-terminal sequences obtained from the isolated Sz-associated glycoprotein for use in screening the library.
This dual approach for establishing the detailed structures of the interacting components and the genetic basis of the interaction will give us a better understanding of the recognition events involved in self-incompatibility.