bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between serum lipids and colorectal neoplasm: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Yun , Wang Keming , Li Juan , Wang Jirong , Wang Zhaoxia , Fan Yingrui , Ye Ying , Ji Guozhong , Li Yi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveThere have been inconsistent results published regarding the relationship between dyslipidaemia and an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN), including colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between dyslipidaemia and CRN.DesignWe identified studies by performing a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE and the Science Citation Index through October 2013.SettingWe analysed thirty-three independent studies reporting the association between CRN and at least one of the selected lipid components, including total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C).SubjectsCRN cases (n 21 809) were identified.ResultsOverall, people with high levels of serum TAG (risk ratio (RR)=1·08; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·12, P<0·00001) and LDL-C (RR=1·07; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·14, P=0·04) presented an increased prevalence of CRN. Subgroup analyses revealed that high levels of serum TC (RR=1·04; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·09, P=0·02), TAG (RR=1·06; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·10, P=0·0009) and LDL-C (RR=1·11; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·19, P=0·003) increased the risk of CRA but not of CRC. No association between serum HDL-C and risk for CRN (including CRA and CRC) was observed.ConclusionsBoth TAG and LDL-C were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of CRN. High levels of serum TC, TAG and LDL-C were positively associated with CRA but not with CRC. No significant association was observed between levels of serum HDL-C and CRN.
Design and Application of a Novel In Situ Nano-Manipulation Stage for Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Koo Bon-Woong , Hong Seung-Pyo , Kim Seong-Il , Kang Chan S. , Han Sang-Sub , Oh Kyu H. , Kim Young-Woon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA novel nano-scale manipulator capable of handling low-dimensional materials with three-dimensional linear motion, gripping action, and push–pull action of the gripper was developed for an in situ experiment in transmission electron microscopy. X-Y-Z positioning and push–pull action were accomplished by a piezotubing system, combined with a specially designed assembly stage that consisted of a lever-action gripping tip backed by a push–pull piezostack. The gripper tip consisted of tungsten wire fabricated by electrochemical etching followed by a focused ion beam process. Performance of the nano-scale manipulator was demonstrated in a grab-and-pick test of a single silver nanowire and in an in situ tensile test of a pearlitic steel sample with a specific orientation.
Patient’s experience with comorbidity management in primary care: a qualitative study of comorbid pain and obesity
Authors: Janke E. Amy , Ramirez Michelle L. , Haltzman Brittany , Fritz Megan , Kozak Andrea T. 
Published: March 2015

AimThe aim of this research is to examine perceptions of those with comorbid chronic pain and obesity regarding their experience of comorbidity management in primary care settings.BackgroundChronic pain and obesity are common comorbidities frequently managed in primary care settings. Evidence suggests individuals with this comorbidity may be at risk for suboptimal clinical interactions; however, treatment experiences and preferences of those with comorbid chronic pain and obesity have received little attention.MethodsSemi-structured interviews conducted with 30 primary care patients with mean body mass index=36.8 and comorbid persistent pain. The constant comparative method was used to analyze data.FindingsParticipants discussed frustration with a perceived lack of information tailored to their needs and a desire for a personalized treatment experience. Participants found available medical approaches unsatisfying and sought a more holistic approach to management. Discussions also focused around the need for providers to initiate efforts at education and motivation enhancement and to show concern for and understanding of the unique difficulties associated with comorbidity. Findings suggest providers should engage in integrated communication regarding weight and pain, targeting this multimorbidity using methods aligned with priorities discussed by patients.
Oscillation of the velvet worm slime jet by passive hydrodynamic instability
Authors: Concha Andrés , Mellado Paula , Morera-Brenes Bernal , Sampaio Costa Cristiano , Mahadevan L , Monge-Nájera Julián 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe rapid squirt of a proteinaceous slime jet endows velvet worms (Onychophora) with a unique mechanism for defence from predators and for capturing prey by entangling them in a disordered web that immobilizes their target. However, to date, neither qualitative nor quantitative descriptions have been provided for this unique adaptation. Here we investigate the fast oscillatory motion of the oral papillae and the exiting liquid jet that oscillates with frequencies f~30–60 Hz. Using anatomical images, high-speed videography, theoretical analysis and a physical simulacrum, we show that this fast oscillatory motion is the result of an elastohydrodynamic instability driven by the interplay between the elasticity of oral papillae and the fast unsteady flow during squirting. Our results demonstrate how passive strategies can be cleverly harnessed by organisms, while suggesting future oscillating microfluidic devices, as well as novel ways for micro and nanofibre production using bioinspired strategies.
Aqueous proton transfer across single-layer graphene
Authors: Achtyl Jennifer L. , Unocic Raymond R. , Xu Lijun , Cai Yu , Raju Muralikrishna , Zhang Weiwei , Sacci Robert L. , Vlassiouk Ivan V. , Fulvio Pasquale F. , Ganesh Panchapakesan , Wesolowski David J. , Dai Sheng , van Duin Adri C. T. , Neurock Matthew , Geiger Franz M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractProton transfer across single-layer graphene proceeds with large computed energy barriers and is therefore thought to be unfavourable at room temperature unless nanoscale holes or dopants are introduced, or a potential bias is applied. Here we subject single-layer graphene supported on fused silica to cycles of high and low pH, and show that protons transfer reversibly from the aqueous phase through the graphene to the other side where they undergo acid–base chemistry with the silica hydroxyl groups. After ruling out diffusion through macroscopic pinholes, the protons are found to transfer through rare, naturally occurring atomic defects. Computer simulations reveal low energy barriers of 0.61–0.75 eV for aqueous proton transfer across hydroxyl-terminated atomic defects that participate in a Grotthuss-type relay, while pyrylium-like ether terminations shut down proton exchange. Unfavourable energy barriers to helium and hydrogen transfer indicate the process is selective for aqueous protons.
Ferroelectric domain wall motion induced by polarized light
Authors: Rubio-Marcos Fernando , Del Campo Adolfo , Marchet Pascal , Fernández Jose F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFerroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous and stable polarization, which can usually be reoriented by an applied external electric field. The electrically switchable nature of this polarization is at the core of various ferroelectric devices. The motion of the associated domain walls provides the basis for ferroelectric memory, in which the storage of data bits is achieved by driving domain walls that separate regions with different polarization directions. Here we show the surprising ability to move ferroelectric domain walls of a BaTiO3 single crystal by varying the polarization angle of a coherent light source. This unexpected coupling between polarized light and ferroelectric polarization modifies the stress induced in the BaTiO3 at the domain wall, which is observed using in situ confocal Raman spectroscopy. This effect potentially leads to the non-contact remote control of ferroelectric domain walls by light.
Electrodeposition of hierarchically structured three-dimensional nickel–iron electrodes for efficient oxygen evolution at high current densities
Authors: Lu Xunyu , Zhao Chuan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLarge-scale industrial application of electrolytic splitting of water has called for the development of oxygen evolution electrodes that are inexpensive, robust and can deliver large current density (>500 mA cm−2) at low applied potentials. Here we show that an efficient oxygen electrode can be developed by electrodepositing amorphous mesoporous nickel–iron composite nanosheets directly onto macroporous nickel foam substrates. The as-prepared oxygen electrode exhibits high catalytic activity towards water oxidation in alkaline solutions, which only requires an overpotential of 200 mV to initiate the reaction, and is capable of delivering current densities of 500 and 1,000 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 240 and 270 mV, respectively. The electrode also shows prolonged stability against bulk water electrolysis at large current. Collectively, the as-prepared three-dimensional structured electrode is the most efficient oxygen evolution electrode in alkaline electrolytes reported to the best of our knowledge, and can potentially be applied for industrial scale water electrolysis.
A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985–2009
Authors: Sharma Sapna , Gray Derek K , Read Jordan S , O’Reilly Catherine M , Schneider Philipp , Qudrat Anam , Gries Corinna , Stefanoff Samantha , Hampton Stephanie E , Hook Simon , Lenters John D , Livingstone David M , McIntyre Peter B , Adrian Rita , Allan Mathew G , Anneville Orlane , Arvola Lauri , Austin Jay , Bailey John , Baron Jill S , Brookes Justin , Chen Yuwei , Daly Robert , Dokulil Martin , Dong Bo , Ewing Kye , de Eyto Elvira , Hamilton David , Havens Karl , Haydon Shane , Hetzenauer Harald , Heneberry Jocelyne , Hetherington Amy L , Higgins Scott N , Hixson Eric , Izmest’eva Lyubov R , Jones Benjamin M , Kangur Külli , Kasprzak Peter , Köster Olivier , Kraemer Benjamin M , Kumagai Michio , Kuusisto Esko , Leshkevich George , May Linda , MacIntyre Sally , Müller-Navarra Dörthe , Naumenko Mikhail , Noges Peeter , Noges Tiina , Niederhauser Pius , North Ryan P , Paterson Andrew M , Plisnier Pierre-Denis , Rigosi Anna , Rimmer Alon , Rogora Michela , Rudstam Lars , Rusak James A , Salmaso Nico , Samal Nihar R , Schindler Daniel E , Schladow Geoffrey , Schmidt Silke R , Schultz Tracey , Silow Eugene A , Straile Dietmar , Teubner Katrin , Verburg Piet , Voutilainen Ari , Watkinson Andrew , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A , Williamson Craig E , Woo Kara H 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGlobal environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985–2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues.
Sink property of metallic glass free surfaces
Authors: Shao Lin , Fu Engang , Price Lloyd , Chen Di , Chen Tianyi , Wang Yongqiang , Xie Guoqiang , Lucca Don A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhen heated to a temperature close to glass transition temperature, metallic glasses (MGs) begin to crystallize. Under deformation or particle irradiation, crystallization occurs at even lower temperatures. Hence, phase instability represents an application limit for MGs. Here, we report that MG membranes of a few nanometers thickness exhibit properties different from their bulk MG counterparts. The study uses in situ transmission electron microscopy with concurrent heavy ion irradiation and annealing to observe crystallization behaviors of MGs. For relatively thick membranes, ion irradiations introduce excessive free volumes and thus induce nanocrystal formation at a temperature linearly decreasing with increasing ion fluences. For ultra-thin membranes, however, the critical temperature to initiate crystallization is about 100 K higher than the bulk glass transition temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that this effect is due to the sink property of the surfaces which can effectively remove excessive free volumes. These findings suggest that nanostructured MGs having a higher surface to volume ratio are expected to have higher crystallization resistance, which could pave new paths for materials applications in harsh environments requiring higher stabilities.
ITCH modulates SIRT6 and SREBP2 to influence lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in ApoE null mice
Authors: Stöhr R. , Mavilio M. , Marino A. , Casagrande V. , Kappel B. , Möllmann J. , Menghini R. , Melino G. , Federici M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages into a lipid-laden plaque. ITCH is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been shown to polarize macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We therefore investigated the effect of ITCH deficiency on the development of atherosclerosis. ApoE−/−ITCH−/− mice fed a western diet for 12 weeks showed increased circulating M2 macrophages together with a reduction in plaque formation. Bone marrow transplantation recreated the haemopoietic phenotype of increased circulating M2 macrophages but failed to affect plaque development. Intriguingly, the loss of ITCH lead to a reduction in circulating cholesterol levels through interference with nuclear SREBP2 clearance. This resulted in increased LDL reuptake through upregulation of LDL receptor expression. Furthermore, ApoE−/−ITCH−/− mice exhibit reduced hepatic steatosis, increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and an increased reliance on fatty acids as energy source. We found that ITCH ubiquitinates SIRT6, leading to its breakdown and thus promoting hepatic lipid infiltration through reduced fatty acid oxidation. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ITCH modulates lipid metabolism impacting on atherosclerosis progression independently from effects on myeloid cells polarization through control of SIRT6 and SREBP2 ubiquitination. Thus, modulation of ITCH may provide a target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia.
Exome sequencing of case-unaffected-parents trios reveals recessive and de novo genetic variants in sporadic ALS
Authors: Steinberg Karyn Meltz , Yu Bing , Koboldt Daniel C. , Mardis Elaine R. , Pamphlett Roger 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe contribution of genetic variants to sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains largely unknown. Either recessive or de novo variants could result in an apparently sporadic occurrence of ALS. In an attempt to find such variants we sequenced the exomes of 44 ALS-unaffected-parents trios. Rare and potentially damaging compound heterozygous variants were found in 27% of ALS patients, homozygous recessive variants in 14% and coding de novo variants in 27%. In 20% of patients more than one of the above variants was present. Genes with recessive variants were enriched in nucleotide binding capacity, ATPase activity and the dynein heavy chain. Genes with de novo variants were enriched in transcription regulation and cell cycle processes. This trio study indicates that rare private recessive variants could be a mechanism underlying some case of sporadic ALS and that de novo mutations are also likely to play a part in the disease.
New Insights into the Mechanisms of Gene Electrotransfer – Experimental and Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Pavlin Mojca , Kandušer Maša 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGene electrotransfer is a promising non-viral method of gene delivery. In our in vitro study we addressed open questions about this multistep process: how electropermeabilization is related to electrotransfer efficiency; the role of DNA electrophoresis for contact and transfer across the membrane; visualization and theoretical analysis of DNA-membrane interaction and its relation to final transfection efficiency; and the differences between plated and suspended cells. Combinations of high-voltage and low-voltage pulses were used. We obtained that electrophoresis is required for the insertion of DNA into the permeabilized membrane. The inserted DNA is slowly transferred into the cytosol and nuclear entry is a limiting factor for optimal transfection. The quantification and theoretical analysis of the crucial parameters reveals that DNA-membrane interaction (NDNA) increases with higher DNA concentration or with the addition of electrophoretic LV pulses while transfection efficiency reaches saturation. We explain the differences between the transfection of cell suspensions and plated cells due to the more homogeneous size, shape and movement of suspended cells. Our results suggest that DNA is either translocated through the stable electropores or enters by electo-stimulated endocytosis, possibly dependent on pulse parameters. Understanding of the mechanisms enables the selection of optimal electric protocols for specific applications.
Combination of Electroacupuncture and Grafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing TrkC Improves Remyelination and Function in Demyelinated Spinal Cord of Rats
Authors: Ding Ying , Zhang Rong-Yi , He Bing , Liu Zhou , Zhang Ke , Ruan Jing-Wen , Ling Eng-Ang , Wu Jin-Lang , Zeng Yuan-Shan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study attempted to graft neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor (TrkC) gene modified mesenchymal stem cells (TrkC-MSCs) into the demyelinated spinal cord and to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) treatment could promote NT-3 secretion in the demyelinated spinal cord as well as further enhance grafted TrkC-MSCs to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, remyelination and functional recovery. Ethidium bromide (EB) was microinjected into the spinal cord of rats at T10 to establish a demyelinated model. Six groups of animals were prepared for the experiment: the sham, PBS, MSCs, MSCs+EA, TrkC-MSCs and TrkC-MSCs+EA groups. The results showed that TrkC-MSCs graft combined with EA treatment (TrkC-MSCs+EA group) significantly increased the number of OPCs and oligodendrocyte-like cells differentiated from MSCs. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the oligodendrocyte-like cells differentiated from TrkC-MSCs formed myelin sheaths. Immunofluorescence histochemistry and Western blot analysis indicated that TrkC-MSCs+EA treatment could promote the myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and Kv1.2 arrangement trending towards the normal level. Furthermore, behavioural test and cortical motor evoked potentials detection demonstrated a significant functional recovery in the TrkC-MSCs+EA group. In conclusion, our results suggest that EA treatment can increase NT-3 expression, promote oligodendrocyte-like cell differentiation from TrkC-MSCs, remyelination and functional improvement of demyelinated spinal cord.
Explaining the power-law distribution of human mobility through transportationmodality decomposition
Authors: Zhao Kai , Musolesi Mirco , Hui Pan , Rao Weixiong , Tarkoma Sasu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHuman mobility has been empirically observed to exhibit Lévy flightcharacteristics and behaviour with power-law distributed jump size. The fundamentalmechanisms behind this behaviour has not yet been fully explained. In thispaper, we propose to explain the Lévy walk behaviour observed in humanmobility patterns by decomposing them into different classes according tothe different transportation modes, such as Walk/Run, Bike, Train/Subway orCar/Taxi/Bus. Our analysis is based on two real-life GPS datasets containingapproximately 10 and 20 million GPS samples with transportation mode information.We show that human mobility can be modelled as a mixture of different transportationmodes and that these single movement patterns can be approximated by a lognormaldistribution rather than a power-law distribution. Then, we demonstrate thatthe mixture of the decomposed lognormal flight distributions associated witheach modality is a power-law distribution, providing an explanation to theemergence of Lévy Walk patterns that characterize human mobility patterns.
Emission behaviors of unsymmetrical 1,3-diaryl-β-diketones: A model perfectly disclosing the effect of molecular conformation on luminescence of organic solids
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Li Feng , Han Shenghua , Zhang Yufei , Jiao Chuanjun , Wei Jinbei , Ye Kaiqi , Wang Yue , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA series of unsymmetrical 1,3-diaryl-β-diketones 1–6 displaying molecular conformation-dependent fluorescence quantum yields have been synthesized. Crystals with planar molecular conformation such as 1, 2, 3 and 4 are highly fluorescent (φf: 39–53%) and the one holding slightly twisted conformation (5) is moderately luminescent (φf = 17%), while crystal 6 possessing heavily bent structure is completely nonluminous (φf ~ 0). The distinct fluorescence efficiencies are ascribed to their different molecular conformations, since all the crystals hold the same crystal system, space group and crystal packing structures. Additionally, the fluorescent crystals 1–5 display low threshold amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with small full widths at half-maximum (FWHM: 3–7 nm), indicating their potential as candidates for organic crystal lasing devices.
Intergenerational continuity of cell shape dynamics in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Wright Charles S. , Banerjee Shiladitya , Iyer-Biswas Srividya , Crosson Sean , Dinner Aaron R. , Scherer Norbert F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe investigate the intergenerational shape dynamics of single Caulobacter crescentus cells using a novel combination of imaging techniques and theoretical modeling. We determine the dynamics of cell pole-to-pole lengths, cross-sectional widths and medial curvatures from high accuracy measurements of cell contours. Moreover, these shape parameters are determined for over 250 cells across approximately 10000 total generations, which affords high statistical precision. Our data and model show that constriction is initiated early in the cell cycle and that its dynamics are controlled by the time scale of exponential longitudinal growth. Based on our extensive and detailed growth and contour data, we develop a minimal mechanical model that quantitatively accounts for the cell shape dynamics and suggests that the asymmetric location of the division plane reflects the distinct mechanical properties of the stalked and swarmer poles. Furthermore, we find that the asymmetry in the division plane location is inherited from the previous generation. We interpret these results in terms of the current molecular understanding of shape, growth and division of C. crescentus.