bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐talk between bile acids and gastrointestinal tract for progression and development of cancer and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Kundu Somanath , Kumar Sandeep , Bajaj Avinash 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIncreasing incidences of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer are linked to changes in lifestyle with excess of red meat/fat consumption, and elevated secretion of bile acids. Bile acids are strong signaling molecules that control various physiological processes. Failure in bile acid regulation has detrimental effects, often linked with development and promotion of cancer of digestive tract including esophagus, stomach, liver, and intestine. Excessive concentration of bile acids especially lipophillic secondary bile acids are cytotoxic causing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species‐mediated damage to the cells. Resistance to this apoptosis and accumulation of mutations leads to progression of cancer. Cytotoxicity of bile acids is contingent on their chemical structure. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of bile acids, bile acid mediated cellular signaling processes, their role in GI cancer progression, and therapeutic potential of synthetic bile acid derivatives for cancer therapy. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(7):514–523, 2015
Protein profiles of cardiomyocyte differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Ying , Tang Lei‐Lei , Zheng Bei , Ge Ren‐Shan , Zhu Dan‐Yan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic contaminant that may affect diverse systems in animals and humans, including the cardiovascular system. However, little is known about the mechanism by which it affects the biological systems. Herein, we used embryonic stem cell test procedure as a tool to assess the developmental cardiotoxicity of PFOS. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics that combines the stable isotope labeling of amino acids with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results of the embryonic stem cell test procedure suggested that PFOS was a weak embryotoxic chemical. Nevertheless, a few marker proteins related to cardiovascular development (Brachyury, GATA4, MEF2C, α‐actinin) were significantly reduced by exposure to PFOS. In total, 176 differential proteins were identified by proteomics analysis, of which 67 were upregulated and 109 were downregulated. Gene ontology annotation classified these proteins into 13 groups by molecular functions, 12 groups by cellular locations and 10 groups by biological processes. Most proteins were mainly relevant to either catalytic activity (25.6%), nucleus localization (28.9%) or to cellular component organization (19.8%). Pathway analysis revealed that 32 signaling pathways were affected, particularly these involved in metabolism. Changes in five proteins, including L‐threonine dehydrogenase, X‐ray repair cross‐complementing 5, superoxide dismutase 2, and DNA methyltransferase 3b and 3a were confirmed by Western blotting, suggesting the reliability of the technique. These results revealed potential new targets of PFOS on the developmental cardiovascular system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duplex ultrasonography findings are not related to menstrual cycle phases in women with early symptoms of lower extremity chronic venous disease
Authors: Gulcu Aytac , Ozutemiz Can , Ugurlu Baran , Kose Timur 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate if duplex ultrasonography findings change according to the menstrual cycle phases in women with early symptoms of lower extremity chronic venous disease.MethodsThirty women (60 extremities) aged 18–50 years with regular menstrual cycles who presented with complaints of telangiectasia and/or trunk varices with accompanying leg pain were evaluated prospectively by duplex ultrasonography at three different times of a single menstrual cycle. Previous DVT or menstrual irregularities were exclusion criteria. All exams were performed by the same radiologist, under the same conditions. Reflux was provoked in the deep veins, great saphenous vein (GSV), and small saphenous vein (SSV) using the Valsalva maneuver. Reflux times in each vein and average diameters of the GSV and SSV were recorded.ResultsReflux times showed no significant differences in any of the vein segments and the diameters of GSV and SSV were similar in the different menstrual phases (p > 0.05). Reflux was not predominant at any specific phase, and its presence was independent of menstrual phase.ConclusionsReflux was not specific to a particular phase of menstrual cycle in women with early symptoms of chronic venous disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:85–91, 2016
The Middle Class and Democratic Consolidation in Zambia
Authors: Resnick Danielle 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUsing Zambia's 2008 Governance Survey, this paper examines the relationship between class, political participation, trust and values. Three notable findings emerge. First, Zambia's middle class is less likely to vote or demonstrate but more distrusting of political institutions and more likely to oppose bridewealth. Secondly, the conceptualization of the middle class makes a difference depending on the outcome of interest, especially in Africa where correlates of class found elsewhere may not necessarily move in the same direction. Thirdly, the results suggest that the main difference is between wealthier Zambians and the poor instead of the middle class and everyone else. © 2015 The Authors.Journal of International Developmentpublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matching Concepts With Measurement: Who Belongs to Africa's Middle Class?
Authors: Thurlow James , Resnick Danielle , Ubogu Dumebi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper advocates for a conceptualization of the African middle class that would be universally valid: security from economic vulnerability and prospects for social mobility. We suggest three minimum criteria that are jointly necessary and sufficient to reflect this conceptualization: secondary schooling completion, decent housing amenities and skilled employment. Using household surveys for nine African countries, we then demonstrate how measures of the middle class based on expenditure thresholds refer to households with vastly different abilities to meet these three criteria. This cautions against overreliance on expenditure‐based definitions, which may obscure qualitative differences among the middle class across African countries. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Varieties of Capitalists? The Middle–Class, Private Sector and Economic Outcomes in Africa
Authors: Handley Antoinette 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent increases in the size of African middle classes have excited speculation about the economic implications of these developments. This review paper argues that to understand these, we must first interrogate our analytic assumptions about the middle class and its relationship to the private sector across the continent. Africa's middle classes are born out of a different relationship with the private sector than classical theories suggest. Rather than one, homogenous middle class (or private sector), there are multiple kinds, and hence, many of our universalizing analytic assumptions about the character of that class—and its likely economic impact—may not hold. © 2015 The Authors.Journal of International Developmentpublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cement augmentation of implants—no general cure in osteoporotic fracture treatment. A biomechanical study on non‐displaced femoral neck fractures
Authors: Hofmann‐Fliri Ladina , Nicolino Tomas I. , Barla Jorge , Gueorguiev Boyko , Richards R. Geoff , Blauth Michael , Windolf Markus 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTFemoral neck fractures in the elderly are a common problem in orthopedics. Augmentation of screw fixation with bone cement can provide better stability of implants and lower the risk of secondary displacement. This study aimed to investigate whether cement augmentation of three cannulated screws in non‐displaced femoral neck fractures could increase implant fixation. A femoral neck fracture was simulated in six paired human cadaveric femora and stabilized with three 7.3 mm cannulated screws. Pairs were divided into two groups: conventional instrumentation versus additional cement augmentation of screw tips with 2 ml TraumacemV+ each. Biomechanical testing was performed by applying cyclic axial load until failure. Failure cycles, axial head displacement, screw angle changes, telescoping and screw cut‐out were evaluated. Failure (15 mm actuator displacement) occurred in the augmented group at 12,500 cycles (± 2,480) compared to 15,625 cycles (± 4,215) in the non‐augmented group (p = 0.041). When comparing 3 mm vertical displacement of the head no significant difference (p = 0.72) was detected between the survival curves of the two groups. At 8,500 load‐cycles (early onset failure) the augmented group demonstrated a change in screw angle of 2.85° (± 0.84) compared to 1.15° (± 0.93) in the non‐augmented group (p = 0.013). The results showed no biomechanical advantage with respect to secondary displacement following augmentation of three cannulated screws in a non‐displaced femoral neck fracture. Consequently, the indication for cement augmentation to enhance implant anchorage in osteoporotic bone has to be considered carefully taking into account fracture type, implant selection and biomechanical surrounding. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:314–319, 2016.
Local delivery of zoledronate from a poly (D,L‐lactide)—Coating increases fixation of press‐fit implants
Authors: Jakobsen Thomas , Bechtold Joan E. , Søballe Kjeld , Jensen Thomas , Greiner Stefan , Vestermark Marianne T. , Baas Jørgen 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTEarly secure fixation of total joint replacements is crucial for long‐term survival. Antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates have been shown to increase implant fixation. We investigated whether local delivery of zoledronate from poly‐D, L‐lactide (PDLLA)‐coated implants could improve implant fixation and osseointegration. Experimental titanium implants were bilaterally inserted press‐fit into the proximal tibiae of 10 dogs. On one side the implant was coated with PDLLA containing zoledronate. The contralateral implant was uncoated and used as control. Observation period was 12 weeks. Implant fixation was evaluated with histomorphometry and biomechanical push‐out test. We found an approximately twofold increase in all biomechanical parameters when comparing data from the zoledronate group with their respective controls. Histomorphometry showed increased amount of preserved bone and increased bone formation around the zoledronate implants. This study indicates that local delivery of zoledronate from a PDDLA coating has the potential to increase implant fixation. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:65–71, 2016.
Development and use of an animal model to study post‐traumatic stiffness and contracture of the elbow
Authors: Lake Spencer P. , Castile Ryan M. , Borinsky Stephanie , Dunham Chelsey L. , Havlioglu Necat , Galatz Leesa M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPost‐traumatic joint stiffness (PTJS) of the elbow is a debilitating condition that poses unique treatment challenges. While previous research has implicated capsular tissue in PTJS, much regarding the development and progression of this condition remains unknown. The objective of this study was to develop an animal model of post‐traumatic elbow contracture and evaluate its potential for studying the etiology of PTJS. The Long‐Evans rat was identified as the most appropriate species/breed for development due to anatomical and functional similarities to the human elbow joint. Two surgical protocols of varying severity were utilized to replicate soft tissue damage seen in elbow subluxation/dislocation injuries, including anterior capsulotomy and lateral collateral ligament transection, followed by 6 weeks of unilateral joint immobilization. Following sacrifice, flexion‐extension mechanical joint testing demonstrated decreased range‐of‐motion and increased stiffness for injured‐immobilized limbs compared to control and sham animals, where functional impact correlated with severity of injury. Histological evaluation showed increased cellularity, adhesion, and thickness of capsule tissue in injured limbs, consistent with clinical evidence. To our knowledge, this is the first animal model capable of examining challenges unique to the anatomically and biomechanically complex elbow joint. Future studies will use this animal model to investigate mechanisms responsible for PTJS. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:354–364, 2016.
Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Keshavarzian Ali , Green Stefan J. , Engen Phillip A. , Voigt Robin M. , Naqib Ankur , Forsyth Christopher B. , Mutlu Ece , Shannon Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe showed that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) aggregation in their colon with evidence of colonic inflammation. If PD patients have altered colonic microbiota, dysbiosis might be the mechanism of neuroinflammation that leads to α‐Syn misfolding and PD pathology.MethodsSixty‐six sigmoid mucosal biopsies and 65 fecal samples were collected from 38 PD patients and 34 healthy controls. Mucosal‐associated and feces microbiota compositions were characterized using high‐throughput ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Data were correlated with clinical measures of PD, and a predictive assessment of microbial community functional potential was used to identify microbial functions.ResultsThe mucosal and fecal microbial community of PD patients was significantly different than control subjects, with the fecal samples showing more marked differences than the sigmoid mucosa. At the taxonomic level of genus, putative, “anti‐inflammatory” butyrate‐producing bacteria from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, and Roseburia were significantly more abundant in feces of controls than PD patients. Bacteria from the genus Faecalibacterium were significantly more abundant in the mucosa of controls than PD. Putative, “proinflammatory” Proteobacteria of the genus Ralstonia were significantly more abundant in mucosa of PD than controls. Predictive metagenomics indicated that a large number of genes involved in metabolism were significantly lower in the PD fecal microbiome, whereas genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and type III bacterial secretion systems were significantly higher in PD patients.ConclusionThis report provides evidence that proinflammatory dysbiosis is present in PD patients and could trigger inflammation‐induced misfolding of α‐Syn and development of PD pathology. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Altered brain network centrality in depressed Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Lou Yuting , Huang Peiyu , Li Dan , Cen Zhidong , Wang Bo , Gao Jixiang , Xuan Min , Yu Hualiang , Zhang Minming , Luo Wei 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression is a relatively common and serious nonmotor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which reduces the quality of patients' life. Although disturbances in some related brain networks have been reported, the pathophysiology of depression in PD is still unclear. Here, we aim to investigate whole‐brain functional connectivity patterns in depressed PD patients.MethodsWe recruited 17 PD patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 17 PD patients without depression, and 17 healthy control subjects. Resting‐state functional MRI and eigenvector centrality mapping were used to identify functional connectivity alterations among these groups.ResultsResults showed that depressed PD patients had decreased functional connectivity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right superior temporal gyrus and increased functional connectivity in the right posterior cingulate cortex, compared to nondepressed patients. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between functional connectivity and depression scores in the posterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsThis study suggests that functional connectivity changes in certain nodes of brain networks might contribute to depression in patients with PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Basic science breaks through: New therapeutic advances in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Brundin Patrik , Atkin Graham , Lamberts Jennifer T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is typically associated with progressive motor dysfunction, although PD patients also exhibit a variety of non‐motor symptoms. The neuropathological hallmark of PD is intraneuronal inclusions containing primarily α‐Synuclein (α‐Syn), and several lines of evidence point to α‐Syn as a key contributor to disease progression. Thus, basic research in the field of PD is largely focused on understanding the pathogenic properties of α‐Syn. Over the past 2 y, these studies helped to identify several novel therapeutic strategies that have the potential to slow PD progression; such strategies include sequestration of extracellular α‐Syn through immunotherapy, reduction of α‐Syn multimerization or intracellular toxicity, and attenuation of the neuroinflammatory response. This review describes these and other putative therapeutic strategies, together with the basic science research that led to their identification. The current breadth of novel targets for the treatment of PD warrants cautious optimism in the fight against this devastating disease. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The arginine vasopressin V1b receptor gene and prosociality: Mediation role of emotional empathy
Authors: Wu Nan , Shang Siyuan , Su Yanjie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe vasopressin V1b receptor (AVPR1B) gene has been shown to be closely associated with bipolar disorder and depression. However, whether it relates to positive social outcomes, such as empathy and prosocial behavior, remains unknown. This study explored the possible role of the AVPR1B gene rs28373064 in empathy and prosociality. A total of 256 men, who were genetically unrelated, non‐clinical ethnic Han Chinese college students, participated in the study. Prosociality was tested by measuring the prosocial tendencies of cognitive and emotional empathy using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs28373064, was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis. The results suggest that the AVPR1B gene rs28373064 is linked to emotional empathy and prosociality. The mediation analysis indicated that the effect of the AVPR1B gene on prosociality might be mediated by emotional empathy. This study demonstrated the link between the AVPR1B gene and prosociality and provided evidence that emotional empathy might mediate the relation between the AVPR1B gene and prosociality.
Correlation analysis for heat denaturation of Trp‐cage miniprotein with explicit solvent
Authors: Kamo Fumitaka , Ishizuka Ryosuke , Matubayasi Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEnergetics was analyzed for Trp‐cage miniprotein in water to elucidate the solvation effect in heat denaturation. The solvation free energy was computed for a set of protein structures at room and high temperatures with all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation combined with the solution theory in the energy representation, and its correlations were investigated against the intramolecular (structural) energy of the protein and the average interaction energy of the protein with the solvent water. It was observed both at room and high temperatures that the solvation free energy is anticorrelated to the structural energy and varies in parallel to the electrostatic component of the protein–water interaction energy without correlations to the van der Waals and excluded‐volume components. When the set of folded structures sampled at room temperature was compared with the set of unfolded ones at high temperature, it was found that the preference order of the two sets is in correspondence to the van der Waals and excluded‐volume components in the sum of the protein intramolecular and protein‐water intermolecular interactions and is not distinguished by the electrostatic component.
Is the Tied Returnee Male or Female? The Trailing Spouse Thesis Reconsidered
Authors: Amcoff Jan , Niedomysl Thomas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA common finding of 30–40 years of family migration studies worldwide is that such migration primarily benefits the careers of men in couples but generally damages the women's careers. Findings have recently become more nuanced as the research focus has broadened, hinting that families returning to one spouse's region of previous residence might deviate from this general observation of men as gainers. The present research demonstrates that when families migrate to regions where one spouse has previously lived, it is the female spouse who tends to return, the male spouse (and children, if any) accompanying her as a trailing spouse. This result also holds when restricting attention to those few families in which the female spouse experiences the greatest income increase by moving. There is no evidence of a tradeoff between returning to a region of previous residence and career development. The findings suggest that women compensate for the slighter economic gains with greater non‐monetary gains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxic effects of one‐step self‐etching adhesives on an odontoblast cell line
Authors: Lee Yoon , An So‐Youn , Park Yoon‐Jung , Yu Frank H. , Park Joo‐Cheol , Seo Deog‐Gyu 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of one‐step self‐etching adhesives. Cells from an immortalized mouse odontoblast cell line (MDPC‐23) were cultured with six different dental adhesive systems (diluted to concentrations of 0.5% for 4 h): Adper Easy Bond (EB), Xeno V (XV), iBond (IB), AdheSE One (AO), Clearfil SE primer (CS), and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB). MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometric apoptosis assays were used to evaluate cell viability and the rate of apoptosis. The odontoblasts were also examined under a scanning electron microscope. While all of the cultures with adhesives showed reduced viability, the viabilities in the IB and SB groups were not significantly different from the control group. Although increased apoptosis rates were observed in all of the cultures with adhesives, the rate in the SB group was not significantly different from the rate in the control. The control group showed the lowest apoptosis rate followed by the SB, AO, IB, EB, XV, and CS groups. When examined under a scanning electron microscope, control odontoblasts and the SB group exhibited relatively large cytoplasmic extensions. In contrast, in the EB and CS groups, fewer fibroblasts remained adhered to the plate surface. Cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage and cell‐free areas with residual membrane fragments from dead cells were observed. In conclusion, all cultures with one‐step self‐etching adhesives showed increased apoptotic activity. SB, an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive, was comparable to the control group, and CS and EB showed the lowest odontoblast viabilities according to the MTT assay. SCANNING 38:36–42, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.