bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of oleic acid and chicken serum on the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and adipogenic differentiation in hen preadipocytes
Authors: Regassa Alemu , Kim Woo Kyun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have examined the effect of oleic acid (OA) concentrations and incubation time, along with chicken serum (CS), on adipogenic differentiation and expression of adipogenic transcripts in hen preadipocytes. Preadipocytes were treated with (i) an adipogenic cocktail (DMI) containing 500 nM dexamethasone, 0.5 mM 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine and 20 µg/mL insulin alone and DMI + 75, 150, 300 or 600 µM OA for 48 h; (ii) DMI + 300 µM OA (DMIOA) for 6, 12, 24 or 48 h; and (iii) foetal bovine serum (FBS), CS, DMI + FBS, DMI + CS, DMIOA + FBS and DMIOA + CS. While FABP4 was significantly expressed with increasing concentrations of OA, the expression of C/EBPβ, LEPR and FAS were unchanged compared with the control. PPARγ2 expression was unchanged across all time‐points. A significantly higher level of C/EBPα was measured at 48 h, but the levels of C/EBPβ increased after 12 h. Levels of FABP4 significantly increased with the time of incubation after 12 h, but that of LPL was reduced (P < 0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h. FABP4 was highly expressed in cells treated with CS, DMI + CS and DMIOA + CS compared to cells treated with FBS, DMI + FBS and DMIOA + FBS. In conclusion, increased concentrations of OA and incubation time increases lipid accumulation; FABP4 and C/EBPβ are potential transcription factors regulating OA induced adipogenesis of fat cells obtained from laying hen. CS is a potent inducer of adipogenic differentiation in hen preadipocytes.
Mesostoma ehrenbergii spermatocytes – A unique and advantageous cell for studying meiosis
Authors: Ferraro‐Gideon Jessica , Hoang Carina , Forer Arthur 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMesostoma ehrenbergii have a unique male meiosis: their spermatocytes have three large bivalents that oscillate for 1–2 h before entering into anaphase without having formed a metaphase plate, have a precocious (‘pre‐anaphase’) cleavage furrow, and have four univalents that segregate between spindle poles without physical interaction between them, that is via ‘distance segregation’. These unique and unconventional features make Mesostoma spermatocytes an ideal organism for studying the force produced by the spindle to move chromosomes, and to study cleavage furrow control and ‘distance segregation’. We review the literature on meiosis in Mesostoma spermatocytes and describe our current research with Mesostoma spermatocytes, rearing the animals in the laboratory using methods that described in our companion article [Hoang et al. (2013); Cell Biol Int].
Corticotropin releasing hormone activates CD14+ cells to induce endothelial barrier dysfunction
Authors: Song Jiang‐Ping , Chen Xiao , Yang Gui , Geng Xiao‐Rui 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEndothelial barrier dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of disorders in the body, but the aetiology is unclear. We have investigated the mechanism of the psychological stress mediator, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), on compromising the endothelial barrier function. Human endothelial cell line, Hmvec cells, was cultured in monolayers as a model of endothelial barrier. Human peripheral CD14+ cells were collected to be used as effector immune cells. The transepithelial resistance (TER) and permeability of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used as indicators of endothelial barrier function. Apoptosis in Hmvec cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Human CD14+ cells expressed both receptors (R) of CRH, the CRH‐R1 and CRH‐R2. Exposure to CRH induced CD14+ cells to release tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. CRH‐activated CD14+ cells decreased TER and increased the permeability to HRP in co‐cultured Hmvec monolayers. Co‐culture with CRH‐activated CD14+ cells increased the apoptosis in Hmvec cells. We conclude that CRH can activate CD14+ cells to produce TNF‐α and compromise endothelial barrier function by inducing apoptosis of the endothelial cells.
Stem cells conditioned medium: a new approach to skin wound healing management
Authors: Jayaraman Pukana , Nathan Prakash , Vasanthan Punitha , Musa Sabri , Govindasamy Vijayendran 
Published: August 2013

AbstractStem cell biology has gained remarkable interest in recent years, driven by the hope of finding cures for numerous diseases including skin wound healing through transplantation medicine. Initially upon transplantation, these cells home to and differentiate within the injured tissue into specialised cells. Contrariwise, it now appears that only a small percentage of transplanted cells integrate and survive in host tissues. Thus, the foremost mechanism by which stem cells participate in tissue repair seems to be related to their trophic factors. Indeed, stem cells provide the microenvironment with a wide range of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, which can broadly defined as the stem cells secretome. In in vitro condition, these molecules can be traced from the conditioned medium or spent media harvested from cultured cells. Conditioned medium now serves as a new treatment modality in regenerative medicine and has shown a successful outcome in some diseases. With the emergence of this approach, we described the possibility of using stem cells conditioned medium as a novel and promising alternative to skin wound healing treatment. Numerous pre‐clinical data have shown the possibility and efficacy of this treatment. Despite this, significant challenges need to be addressed before translating this technology to the bedside.
The effect of ambroxol on chloride transport, CFTR and ENaC in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells
Authors: Varelogianni Georgia , Hussain Rashida , Strid Hilja , Oliynyk Igor , Roomans Godfried M. , Johannesson Marie 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAmbroxol, a mucokinetic anti‐inflammatory drug, has been used for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). The respiratory epithelium is covered by the airway surface liquid (ASL), the thickness and composition of which is determined by Cl− efflux via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na+ influx via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). In cells expressing wt‐CFTR, ambroxol increased the Cl‐ conductance, but not the bicarbonate conductance of the CFTR channels. We investigated whether treatment with ambroxol enhances chloride transport and/or CFTR and ENaC expression in CF airway epithelial cells (CFBE) cells. CFBE cells were treated with 100 µM ambroxol for 2, 4 or 8 h. mRNA expression for CFTR and ENaC subunits was analysed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR); protein expression was measured by Western blot. The effect of ambroxol on Cl− transport was measured by Cl− efflux measurements with a fluorescent chloride probe. Ambroxol significantly stimulated Cl− efflux from CFBE cells (a sixfold increase after 8 h treatment), and enhanced the expression of the mRNA of CFTR and α‐ENaC, and of the CFTR protein. No significant difference was observed in β‐ENaC after exposure to ambroxol, whereas mRNA expression of γ‐ENaC was reduced. No significant effects of ambroxol on the ENaC subunits were observed by Western blot. Ambroxol did not significantly affect the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Upregulation of CFTR and enhanced Cl− efflux after ambroxol treatment should promote transepithelial ion and water transport, which may improve hydration of the mucus, and therefore be beneficial to CF‐patients.
Insulin facilitates osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Hongwei , Xu Xia , Wang Dongshen , Liu Hongchen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTissue engineering of bone has been increasingly used in the bone defect repair. To generate osteoblasts is a major approach, and here we have examined ways of improving the efficiency of producing osteoblasts. Adipose stem cells (ADSC) were prepared from rat mesentery tissue, and transfected with Cbfa1 gene vector or/and IGF‐1R gene vector. The cells were stimulated with insulin. Osteocalcin expression by the ADSCs was assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunobosorbent assay.Both genes Cbfa1 and IGF‐1R were transfected in ADSCs, as shown by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. Stimulation by insulin in the culture increased osteocalcin expression in ADSCs transfected by both Cbfa1 and IGF‐1R, but not in those transfected with only one of these two genes. Osteocalcin in the culture supernatant was also increased by stimulation with insulin.Thus IGF‐1R gene transfer together with insulin stimulation can markedly increase the efficiency of generation of osteoblasts.
Suppression of adipogenic differentiation by muscle cell‐induced decrease in genes related to lipogenesis in muscle and fat co‐culture system
Authors: Park Sungkwon , Baek Kyunghoon , Choi Changbon 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntercellular signalling communication between adipose and muscle tissue has been investigated. To test the effect of muscle cells on adipogenic gene expression, we utilised an in vitro co‐culture system, in which fat (3T3‐L1) and muscle (L‐6) cells were physically separated but chemically exposed each other via insert with 0.4 µm porous membrane. When 3T3‐L1 and L‐6 cells reached at 80 and 40% confluence, respectively in separate wells, L‐6 cells grown in insert were transferred onto 6‐well plates where 3T3‐L1 cells were being grown. When both cells were fully differentiated in co‐culture plates, morphology of 3T3‐L1 was examined by staining with Oil‐red‐O. Activity of glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and adipogenic gene expression including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipsin, GPDH, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) were analysed. The presence of muscle cells during preadipocyte differentiation inhibited (P < 0.05) lipogenesis by suppressing lipogenic gene expression including LPL, adipsin and GPDH. Furthermore, GPDH activity was also decreased (P < 0.05) in 3T3‐L1 cells by the presence of L‐6 cells. These results suggest that presence of muscle cells suppresses adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the adipogenic gene expression and GPDH activity in the muscle and fat cell co‐culture system.
Modulation of physical environment makes placental mesenchymal stromal cells suitable for therapy
Authors: Mathew Suja Ann , Rajendran Sowmya , Gupta Pawan Kumar , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLow level of oxygen at the site of injury is likely to affect the viability and proliferation of the transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Hence there is a need to understand the effect of the physical environment on transplanted stromal cells. Therefore, we have studied the effect of the duration of hypoxic exposure alone or in combination with normoxia on placenta derived mesenchymal stem cell (PDMSCs). PDMSCs and bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) were analysed under four different culture conditions, exposure to direct normoxia (N), direct hypoxia (H) and intermittent normoxia followed by hypoxia (NH) and intermittent hypoxia followed by normoxia (HN). The effect on morphology, proliferation, metabolic activity by MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide) and viability by 7AAD (7‐amino‐actinomycin D) were assayed, along with markers for MSCs and HLADR. No change in morphology, marker expression or HLADR was detected in N, H, NH or HN. An increase in proliferation rate, decrease in population doubling‐time (PDT) and a relative increase in metabolic activity was strongly noted in the order: NH, N/HN and H. No significant difference was observed in the viability between N, H, NH or HN. A similar pattern was also observed in BMMSCS, indicating comparable suitability of PDMSCs in therapeutic applications. Thus we conclude that intermittent exposure to normoxia prior to hypoxic exposure is a better option than direct exposure to hypoxia. This may have clinical relevance in that they probably mirror the in vivo scenario of systemic delivery (NH) of cells as opposed to local delivery (H), thereby suggesting that systemic delivery is better than local delivery.
Design of polyethylene glycol–polyethylenimine nanocomplexes as non‐viral carriers: mir‐150 delivery to chronic myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Biray Avcı Çığır , Özcan İpek , Balcı Tuğçe , Özer Özgen , Gündüz Cumhur 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are acknowledged as indispensable regulators relevant in many biological processes, and they have been pioneered as therapeutic targets for curing disease. miRNAs are single‐stranded, small (19–22 nt) regulatory non‐coding RNAs whose deregulation of expression triggers human cancers, including leukemias, mainly through dysregulation of expression of leukemia genes. miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors (suppressing malignant potential) or oncogenes (activating malignant potential) like actors of complex diseases. To address the issue of overcoming instability and low transfection efficiency in vitro, the polyethylene glycol–polyethyleneimine (PEG–PEI) nanoparticle was used as non‐viral vector carrier for miR‐150 transfection, which is downregulated in chronic myeloid leukemia. PEG–PEI [PEG(550)3‐g‐PEI(1800)]/miRNA nanocomplexes were synthesised and characterised by particle size distribution (PSD), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential, surface charge, their cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency. Interaction with human leukemia cells (K‐562 and KU812) and control cells NCI‐BL2347 with them has been investigated. The transfection efficiency of PEG–PEI/miRNA at N/P 26 rose 6.7‐fold above the control by qRT‐PCR. The size of homogenous nanocomplexes (PBI < 0.5) was 160.8 ± 11 nm. The data indicate that PEG–PEI may be an encouraging non‐viral carrier for altering miRNA expression in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, with many advantages such as relatively high miRNA transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
Neuropeptide SP activates the WNT signal transduction pathway and enhances the proliferation of bone marrow stromal stem cells
Authors: Mei Gang , Xia Liheng , Zhou Jian , Zhang Yongtao , Tuo Yonghua , Fu Su , Zou Zhenlv , Wang Zhao , Jin Dan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSubstance P (SP) mediates multiple activities in various cell types, such as proliferation, anti‐apoptotic response, and inflammation. We have investigated the effects of SP, NK1 antagonist and DKK1 on proliferation of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs), as well as the underlying mechanism. Isolated BMSCs were exposed to SP (10−8 M) (group A), SP + NK1 antagonist (1 µM) (group B), SP + DKK1 (0.2 µg/mL) (group C), or the same amount of PBS (group D). Expression of gene and protein of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling was detected using quantitative PCR and western blotting. SP (10−8 M) significantly enhanced the proliferation of BMSCs and the number of viable cells was reduced by treatment with NK1 antagonist (1 µM) or DKK1 (0.2 µg/mL). SP also significantly increased the expression of C‐myc mRNA, Lef1, β‐catenin protein and C‐myc protein, but decreased the expression of Tcf7 and p‐β‐catenin protein compared to group D. These roles of SP were inhibited by the NK1 antagonist and DKK1. Expression of CyclinD1 and β‐catenin mRNAs, however, was not significantly influenced by SP, NK1 antagonist and DKK1. These findings suggest that SP enhances BMSC proliferation via regulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Hydrogen Production from Bio‐Char via Steam Gasification in a Fluidized‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Ma Z. , Zhang S. , Xie D. , Yan Y. , Ren Z. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBio‐char was used as feedstock to investigate hydrogen production via steam gasification in a fluidized‐bed reactor. The effects of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and steam‐to‐char ratio on hydrogen yield, potential hydrogen yield, and carbon conversion were studied. Finally, 83.3 mol hydrogen was generated per kilogram of bio‐char through steam gasification of bio‐char in a fluidized‐bed reactor.
Impact of SO2 in the Presence of Steam on Carbonation and Sulfation of Calcium Sorbents
Authors: Pawlak‐Kruczek H. , Baranowski M. , Tkaczuk‐Serafin M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe effect of the presence of steam and SO2 on CO2 sorption capacity during multicycle carbonation‐calcination tests on three limestone types from Germany, Greece, and Poland was studied. The behavior of carbonation conversion under realistic process atmospheres containing SO2 and additionally steam as well as of sulfation under similar temperature conditions was investigated. The deactivation effect of SO2 on CO2 sorption capacity in two cases with and without steam was analyzed. The negative impact of the competitive sulfation reaction towards carbonation increased in the subsequent cycles for both cases, but to a less extent in the presence of steam. Sulfation conversion changed quite monotonically in the subsequent cycle in dry gas, whereas in the presence of steam sulfation conversion decreased slightly while carbonation conversion increased. It was found for the tested sorbents that carbonation conversion decreased to varying degrees in the presence of SO2. The Polish and Greek limestone showed the largest loss of sorption capacity in the presence of SO2. The quantitative influence of SO2 on carbonation conversion in dry and wet gas was determined.
Analytic Approach for Phase Equilibrium Measurements of the System Non‐Ionic Surfactant/Water/Olefine
Authors: Schrader Philipp , Enders Sabine 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDie analytischen Herausforderungen bei der Messung von komplexen Phasengleichgewichten über einen großen Temperaturbereich für das System nichtionisches Tensid + Wasser + Olefin werden diskutiert. In diesem Stoffsystem treten diverse Zwei‐ und Dreiphasenzustände auf. Die Herausforderung besteht einerseits in der sehr geringen Löslichkeit von Öl in Wasser bzw. von Wasser in Öl, so dass die zu messenden Konzentrationen nahe an der Nachweisgrenze von analytischen Standardmethoden liegen. Eingesetzt werden die Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie und zwei Verfahren der Karl‐Fischer‐Titration.
Stem cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma relapsed/refractory after prior rituximab
Authors: Evens Andrew M. , Vanderplas Ann , LaCasce Ann S. , Crosby Allison L. , Nademanee Auayporn P. , Kaminski Mark S. , Abel Gregory A. , Millenson Michael , Czuczman Myron S. , Rodriguez Maria A. , Niland Joyce , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Gordon Leo I. , Friedberg Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDStem cell transplant (SCT)‐related outcomes and prognostication for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) are not well‐defined in the post‐rituximab era.METHODSThrough the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) lymphoma outcomes study, 184 patients with relapsed/refractory FL who underwent autologous SCT (autoSCT) or allogenic SCT (alloSCT) following disease relapse after prior rituximab‐based therapy were examined.RESULTSPatients who underwent autoSCT (N = 136) were older compared with patients who underwent alloSCT (N = 48) (54 versus 51 years, respectively, P = .01) and more frequently had grade 3 FL (35% versus 8%, respectively, P = .006). Patients who underwent alloSCT received more prior therapies (4 versus 3, respectively, P < .0001) and more often had resistant disease at SCT (19% versus 6%, respectively, P = .008). Cumulative 100‐day nonrelapse mortality (NRM) for autoSCT and alloSCT were 1% and 6%, respectively (P < .0001), whereas 3‐year NRM rates were 3% versus 24%, respectively (P < .0001). For autoSCT and alloSCT, cumulative rates of relapse, progression, and/or transformation were 32% versus 16%, respectively (P = .03), whereas 3‐year overall survival rates were 87% versus 61% (P < .0001); there were no differences in failure‐free survival. AlloSCT was associated with increased risk of death on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 2.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.46‐5.26, P = .002). This finding persisted on propensity scoring/matching. Multivariate analysis for autoSCT patients identified age > 60 years and > 3 prior therapies as adverse factors. Furthermore, a survival model was created for the autoSCT cohort based on number of factors present (0, 1, 2); 3‐year failure‐free survival was 72%, 47%, and 20%, respectively (P = .0003), and 3‐year overall survival was 96%, 82%, and 62%, respectively (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSAutoSCT remains an effective therapy for patients with FL. For alloSCT, continued strategies to reduce NRM are needed. Cancer 2013;119:3662–3671. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Volumetric tumor growth in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations during EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Nishino Mizuki , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Cardarella Stephanie , Jackman David M. , Rabin Michael S. , Ramaiya Nikhil H. , Hatabu Hiroto , Jänne Pasi A. , Johnson Bruce E. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to define the volumetric tumor growth rate in patients who had advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and had initially received treatment with EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy beyond progression.METHODSThe study included 58 patients with advanced NSCLC who had sensitizing EGFR mutations treated with first‐line gefitinib or erlotinib, had baseline computed tomography (CT) scans available that revealed a measurable lung lesion, had at least 2 follow‐up CT scans during TKI therapy, and had experienced volumetric tumor growth. The tumor volume (in mm3) of the dominant lung lesion was measured on baseline and follow‐up CT scans during therapy. In total, 405 volume measurements were analyzed in a linear mixed‐effects model, fitting time as a random effect, to define the growth rate of the logarithm of tumor volume (logeV).RESULTSA linear mixed‐effects model was fitted to predict the growth of logeV, adjusting for time in months from baseline. LogeV was estimated as a function of time in months among patients whose tumors started growing after the nadir: logeV = 0.12*time + 7.68. In this formula, the regression coefficient for time, 0.12/month, represents the growth rate of logeV (standard error, 0.015/month; P < .001). When adjusted for baseline volume, logeV0, the growth rate was also 0.12/month (standard error, 0.015/month; P < .001; logeV = 0.12*months + 0.72 logeV0 + 0.61).CONCLUSIONSTumor volume models defined volumetric tumor growth after the nadir in patients with EGFR‐mutant, advanced NSCLC who were receiving TKI, providing a reference value for the tumor growth rate in patients who progress after the nadir on TKI therapy. The results can be studied further in additional cohorts to develop practical criteria to help identify patients who are slowly progressing and can safely remain on EGFR‐TKIs. Cancer 2013;119:3761–3768. © 2013 American Cancer Society.