bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac programming in the placentally restricted sheep fetus in early gestation
Authors: Zhang Song , Lock Mitchell C. , Tie Michelle , McMillen I. Caroline , Botting Kimberley J. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs in 8% of human pregnancies, and the growth restricted newborn is at a greater risk of developing heart disease in later adult life. In sheep, experimental restriction of placental growth (PR) from conception results in FGR, a decrease in cardiomyocyte endowment and an upregulation of pathological hypertrophic signalling in the fetal heart in late gestation. However, there is no change in the expression of markers of cellular proliferation nor in the level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the heart of the PR fetus in late gestation. This suggests that FGR arises early in gestation and programs a decrease in cardiomyocyte endowment in early, rather than late, gestation. Here, control and PR fetal sheep were humanely killed at 55 days’ gestation (term, 150 days). Fetal body and heart weight were lower in PR compared with control fetuses and there was evidence of sparing of fetal brain growth. While there was no change in the proportion of cardiomyocytes that were proliferating in the early gestation PR heart, there was an increase in measures of apoptosis, and markers of autophagy and pathological hypertrophy in the PR fetal heart. These changes in early gestation highlight that FGR is associated with evidence of early cell death and compensatory hypertrophic responses of cardiomyocytes in the fetal heart. The data suggest that early placental restriction results in a decrease in the pool of proliferative cardiomyocytes in early gestation, which would limit cardiomyocyte endowment in the heart of the PR fetus in late gestation.
imageKey points
Placental restriction leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and chronic fetal hypoxaemia in sheep results in a decrease in cardiomyocyte endowment in late gestation.
FGR did not change cardiomyocyte proliferation during early gestation but did result in increased apoptosis and markers of autophagy in the fetal heart, which may result in the decreased endowment of cardiomyocytes observed in late gestation.
FGR in early gestation also results in increased hypoxia inducible factor signalling in the fetal heart, which in turn may result in the altered expression of epigenetic regulators, increased expression of insulin‐like growth factor 2 and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during late gestation and after birth.
Functional redundancy of ubiquitin-like sulfur-carrier proteins facilitates flexible, efficient sulfur utilization in the primordial archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
Authors: Hidese Ryota , Ohira Takayuki , Sakakibara Satsuki , Suzuki Tsutomu , Shigi Naoki , Fujiwara Shinsuke 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) in eukaryotes and bacteria mediate sulfur transfer for the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing biomolecules and form conjugates with specific protein targets to regulate their functions. Here, we investigated the functions and physiological importance of Ubls in a hyperthermophilic archaeon by constructing a series of deletion mutants. We found that the Ubls (TK1065, TK1093, and TK2118) in
Thermococcus kodakarensis
are conjugated to their specific target proteins, and all three are involved in varying degrees in the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing biomolecules such as tungsten cofactor (Wco) and tRNA thiouridines. TK2118 (named UblB) is involved in the biosynthesis of Wco in a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which is required for glycolytic growth, whereas TK1093 (named UblA) plays a key role in the efficient thiolation of tRNAs, which contributes to cellular thermotolerance. Intriguingly, in the presence of elemental sulfur (S
0
) in the culture medium, defective synthesis of these sulfur-containing molecules in Ubl mutants was restored, indicating that
T. kodakarensis
can use S
0
as an alternative sulfur source without Ubls. Our analysis indicates that the Ubl-mediated sulfur-transfer system in
T. kodakarensis
is important for efficient sulfur assimilation, especially under low S
0
conditions, which may allow this organism to survive in a low sulfur environment.

IMPORTANCE

Sulfur is a crucial element in living organisms, occurring in various sulfur-containing biomolecules including iron-sulfur clusters, vitamins, and RNA thionucleosides, as well as the amino acids cysteine and methionine. In archaea, the biosynthesis routes and sulfur donors of sulfur-containing biomolecules are largely unknown. Here, we explored the functions of Ubls in the deep-blanched hyperthermophilic archaeon,
Thermococcus kodakarensis
. We demonstrated functional redundancy of these proteins in the biosynthesis of tungsten cofactor and tRNA thiouridines and the significance of these sulfur-carrier functions, especially in low sulfur environments. We propose that acquisition of a Ubl sulfur-transfer system, in addition to an ancient inorganic sulfur assimilation pathway, enabled the primordial archaeon to advance into lower-sulfur environments and expand their habitable zone.
Draft genome assemblies of three
Klebsiella grimontii
strains isolated from catheterized urine samples from the same male participant over the course of 6 months
Authors: Appleberry Helen , Price Warwick , Roque Lorenzo , Umana Evelyn , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine , Kula Alex 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella grimontii
is a newly identified species within the
Klebsiella oxytoca
complex. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of three
K. grimontii
strains that were isolated from catheterized urine samples collected from a participant in a longitudinal study over ~6 months.
Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Urso Daniele , Giannoni-Luza Stefano , Mondello Stefania , Logroscino Giancarlo 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionBehavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) characterisation has evolved, but diagnosis remains challenging, relying on clinical diagnostic criteria that have undergone revisions over time. In this systematic review, our aims are to evaluate the accuracy of clinical diagnostic criteria for bvFTD by comparing them against pathological diagnoses and determine potential improvement in performance over the years.Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 guidelines and is registered on PROSPERO. We will search four databases (MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and LILACS) using tailored search terms on May 1st 2024. Inclusion criteria encompass peer-reviewed articles reporting diagnostic parameters or raw data regarding bvFTD clinical diagnosis based on well-defined criteria. Screening and selection of relevant articles will be independently performed by two reviewers using the Covidence systematic review manager. Discrepancies will be resolved by a third researcher. Pathologic and genetic diagnosis will be the main gold standard, but we will also consider refined diagnoses after a follow-up period. Data will be collected on study design, baseline demographics and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy. Study quality will be assessed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. If possible, we will conduct a meta-analysis using bivariate random-effect models. Subgroup analyses will consider study settings, gold standards, disease stages and bias.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be needed because the data used in this systematic review will be extracted from published studies. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant scientific conferences, potentially enhancing our understanding of bvFTD clinical diagnosis reliability and guiding future criteria refinements.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023389063.
Effectiveness of direct patient outreach with a narrative naloxone and overdose prevention video to patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy in the USA: the Naloxone Navigator randomised clinical trial
Authors: Glanz Jason M , Mueller Shane R , Narwaney Komal J , Wagner Nicole M , Xu Stanley , Kraus Courtney R , Wain Kris , Botts Sheila , Binswanger Ingrid A 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPublic health efforts to reduce opioid overdose fatalities include educating people at risk and expanding access to naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression. People receiving long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) are at increased risk for overdose, yet naloxone uptake in this population remains low. The objective of this study was to determine if a targeted, digital health intervention changed patient risk behaviour, increased naloxone uptake and increased knowledge about opioid overdose prevention and naloxone.MethodsWe conducted a pragmatic randomised clinical trial among patients prescribed LTOT in a healthcare delivery system in Colorado. Participants were randomly assigned to receive an animated overdose prevention and naloxone educational video (intervention arm) or usual care (control arm). The 6 min video was designed to educate patients about opioid overdose and naloxone, increase overdose risk perception and prompt them to purchase naloxone from the pharmacy. Over an 8-month follow-up, opioid risk behaviour was assessed with the Opioid-Related Behaviours in Treatment survey instrument, and overdose and naloxone knowledge was measured with the Prescription Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale after viewing the video at baseline. Naloxone dispensations were evaluated using pharmacy data over a 12-month period. Data were analysed with generalised linear mixed effects and log-binomial regression models.ResultsThere were 519 participants in the intervention arm and 485 participants in the usual care arm. Opioid risk behaviour did not differ between the study arms over time (study arm by time interaction p=0.93). There was no difference in naloxone uptake between the arms (risk ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.66). Knowledge was significantly greater in the intervention arm compared with usual care (p<0.001).ConclusionsA targeted, digital health intervention video effectively increased knowledge about opioid overdose and naloxone, without increasing opioid risk behaviour. Naloxone uptake did not differ between the intervention and usual care arms.Trial registration numberNCT03337009.
Physical health complications in children and young people with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: James Rachel Marie , O’Shea Jonathan , Micali Nadia , Russell Simon J , Hudson Lee D 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAvoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder with known acute and longstanding physical health complications in children and young people (CYP) and commonly presents to paediatricians.ObjectiveTo systematically review the published literature on physical health complications in CYP with ARFID using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library was performed on 14 February 2024. Studies reporting physical health complications in CYP ≤25 years with ARFID were included. We pooled studies for meta-analysis comparing ARFID with healthy controls or anorexia nervosa (AN).ResultsOf 9058 studies found in searches, we included 132 studies. We found evidence for low weight, nutritional deficiencies and low bone mineral density. CYP with ARFID can present across the weight spectrum; however, the majority of CYP with ARFID were within the healthy weight to underweight range. Most studies reported normal range heart rates and blood pressures in ARFID, but some CYP with ARFID do experience bradycardia and hypotension. CYP with ARFID had higher heart rates than AN (weighted mean difference: 12.93 bpm; 95% CI: 8.65 to 17.21; n=685); heterogeneity was high (I2: 81.33%).ConclusionThere is a broad range of physical health complications associated with ARFID requiring clinical consideration. Many CYP with ARFID are not underweight yet still have complications. Less cardiovascular complications found in ARFID compared with AN may be related to chronicity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022376866.
Critical dialogue method of ethics consultation: making clinical ethics facilitation visible and accessible
Authors: Delany Clare , Feldman Sharon , Kameniar Barbara , Gillam Lynn 
Published: July 2024

In clinical ethics consultations, clinical ethicists bring moral reasoning to bear on concrete and complex clinical ethical problems by undertaking ethical deliberation in collaboration with others. The reasoning process involves identifying and clarifying ethical values which are at stake or contested, and guiding clinicians, and sometimes patients and families, to think through ethically justifiable and available courses of action in clinical situations. There is, however, ongoing discussion about the various methods ethicists use to do this ethical deliberation work. In this paper, we make visible and accessible seven steps of facilitation used in the critical dialogue method of ethics consultation.We describe how the facilitation techniques serve two overall purposes. First, to identify ethically justified responses to ethical questions. Second, to assist participants to gain greater moral clarity, understanding and confidence to respond to ethical challenges as independent moral agents.By describing in detail facilitation steps for clinical ethics consultation, we aim to advance the scholarship of ‘clinical ethics facilitation methods’ and to demystify the ethical deliberation work undertaken by clinical ethicists.
The birth of StatPhys: the 1949 Florence conference at the juncture of national and international physics reconstruction after World War II
Authors: Lalli Roberto , Politi Paolo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In spring 1949 about 70 physicists from eight countries met in Florence to discuss recent trends in statistical mechanics. This scientific gathering, co-organized by the Commission on Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and the Italian Physical Society (SIF), initiated a tradition of IUPAP-sponsored international conferences on statistical mechanics that lasts to this day. In 1977, when this conference series took the name of StatPhys, the foundational role of the Florence conference was recognized by retrospectively naming it StatPhys1. This paper examines the dual scientific and social significance of the conference, situating it in the broader contexts of the post-World War II reconstruction in Italian physics and of the revitalization of the international science organization. Through an analysis of IUPAP archives and Italian records, we illustrate how the event’s success hinged on the aligned objectives of its organizers. Internationally, it was instrumental in defining the scientific and organizational foundations for the activities of IUPAP commissions during a critical phase of IUPAP’s history, when the Union was resurging on the international scene after the inactivity of the interwar period. Nationally, the conference served as a cornerstone in SIF’s strategy to re-establish Italian physics’ international stature and to aid the domestic revitalization of physics through the internationalization of its activities, notably of its flagship journal, Il Nuovo Cimento. This analysis not only sheds light on the conference’s impact but also informs recent discussions in the history of science about the multiple roles of international scientific conferences.
First-Come-First-Served as a Separate Principle
Authors: Hesselink Wim H. , Buhr Peter A. , Parsons Colby A. 
Published: July 2024

A lock is a mechanism to guarantee mutual exclusion with eventual progress, i.e., some degree of fairness. First-come-first-served (FCFS) progress is perfectly fair. FCFS progress can be offered by a locking algorithm or added by wrapping a non-FCFS lock with a separate FCFS algorithm. A new separate FCFS algorithm is presented that creates FCFS progress by wrapping a lock’s entry protocol (acquire). The algorithm addresses an important safety issue in locking, called barging, where arriving threads proceed before waiting threads or waiting threads are serviced with some bias. Barging increases latency for waiting threads and is non-intuitive to concurrent programmers, even though it is inherent to non-deterministic concurrent execution.
A correctness proof is presented for the new FCFS algorithm and verified with the proof assistant PVS. Experimental tests are performed to ensure the presented wrapper provides FCFS progress when used to transform non-FCFS software and hardware locks. The performance of the non-FCFS and transformed FCFS counterparts is compared and contrasted with locks using inherent FCFS progress. The results show the FCFS transforms are performant for most algorithms, providing an additional tool for application developers to achieve correctness without a significant global performance reduction.
Tunable Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of BaMg0.4Al0.4Fe11.2O19 and SiO2 Composites for High-Frequency Applications
Authors: Ramesh T. , Ashok K. , Usha P. , Pavan Kumar N. , K. Sadhana , K. Praveena 
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Mg and Al co-doped M-type Barium hexaferrite (BaMg0.4Al0.4Fe11.2O19) powder via the sol-gel method. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the single-phase structure of the synthesized powder. Morphological properties were examined through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), revealing hexagonal particle morphology with an average size of approximately 60 nm for BaMg0.4Al0.4Fe11.2O19. To fabricate composites, commercially purchased SiO2 was used to prepare the composites of (1–x) BaMg0.4Al0.4Fe11.2O19+ (x) SiO2 {where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7). The composites were prepared using the mixing method followed by microwave sintered at 1000 °C/90 min. FESEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to analyze the morphology and elemental composition of the composites. The composites ‘ frequency-dependent complex permittivity was measured over 300 kHz to 3 GHz. Magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops were used to analyze the magnetic properties of composite samples. A reduction in magnetic saturation was observed with increasing SiO2 concentration, while there was a slight increase in coercivity for the composite samples compared to pure hexaferrite. Coercivity remained relatively unchanged with varying SiO2 concentrations in the composites. A possible relation between the magnetic and dielectric properties and the microstructure of the sintered composites with the composition variation was investigated.
Culprit-Only Revascularization, Single-Setting Complete Revascularization, and Staged Complete Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From a Mixed Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Maqsood Muhammad Haisum , Tamis-Holland Jacqueline E. , Rao Sunil V. , Stone Gregg W. , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Complete revascularization improves cardiovascular outcomes compared with culprit-only revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction ([MI]; ST-segment–elevation MI or non–ST-segment–elevation MI) and multivessel coronary artery disease. However, the timing of complete revascularization (single-setting versus staged revascularization) is uncertain. The aim was to compare the outcomes of single-setting complete, staged complete, and culprit vessel–only revascularization in patients with acute MI and multivessel disease.

METHODS:

PubMed, EMBASE, and
clinicaltrials.gov
databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that compared 3 revascularization strategies.

RESULTS:
From 16 randomized controlled trials that randomized 11 876 patients with acute MI and multivessel disease, both single-setting complete and staged complete revascularization reduced primary outcome (cardiovascular mortality/MI; odds ratio [OR], 0.52 [95% CI, 0.41–0.65]; OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62–0.88]), composite of all-cause mortality/MI (OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.40–0.67]; OR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.67–0.91]), major adverse cardiovascular event (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.32–0.56]; OR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.47–0.82]), MI (OR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.26–0.57]; OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.59–0.90]), and repeat revascularization (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.18–0.47]; OR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.30–0.71]) compared with culprit-only revascularization. Single-setting complete revascularization reduced cardiovascular mortality/MI (OR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55–0.91]), major adverse cardiovascular event (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.50–0.91]), and all-cause mortality/MI driven by a lower risk of MI (OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.36–0.77]) compared with staged complete revascularization. Single-setting complete revascularization ranked number 1, followed by staged complete revascularization (number 2) and culprit-only revascularization (number 3) for all outcomes. The results were largely consistent in subgroup analysis comparing ST-segment–elevation MI versus non–ST-segment–elevation MI cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS:
Single-setting complete revascularization may offer the greatest reductions in cardiovascular events in patients with acute MI and multivessel disease. A large-scale randomized trial of single-setting complete versus staged complete revascularization is warranted to evaluate the optimal timing of complete revascularization.