bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar fermentation profiles of bifidobacteria from rat gut
Authors: FANEDL Lijana , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd 
Published: July 2024

Sugar fermentation profiles of 21 bifidobacterial isolates from rat small intestine were analyzed using the API 50CH test. The isolates were pooled into three main groups on the basis of the fermentation of 49 sugars. The sugar fermentation profiles of main groups were different from those of known bacterial species from the genus Bifidobacterium. According to the calculated phenetic similarity values the three groups of gut isolates were quite distant to each other, too. The group A seemed to be quite different from all 13 tested bifidobacterial type strains, the group B seemed to be phenotipically similar to B. magnum, while the group C displayed the highest similarity to the B. infantis type strain. The isolate 69 appeared to be different from all other gut isolates and seemed to be related either to B. pseudolongum or B. coryneforme type strains. Although the bacterial strains could not be classified into phylogenetic taxonomy units according to the phenotypic characteristics, it seems that the isolated rat gut bifidobacterial strains belonged to so far unidentified species.
In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes by mycoplasma synoviae derived mitogen
Authors: NARAT Mojca 
Published: July 2024

Mycoplasma synoviae causes infections of the upper respiratory tract of chickens and turkeys. In poorly defined conditions infection results in an arthritic disease, infectious synovitis . Studying this synovitis as an animal model of an autoimmune arthritis we have examined the presence, location and potential of Mycoplasma synoviae mitogenic factor, which could trigger the induction of infectious synovitis. In the study described herein in vitro mitogenic activity of membrane fraction and culture supernatant preparations of four Mycoplasma synoviae strains was demonstrated. Active fraction from culture supernatant of Mycoplasma synoviae AAY-30 strain was more than twice as active as its membrane preparation. This activity resides to the soluble protein, which is active for chicken and mouse thymic cells and for human peripheral lymphoctyes. The culture supernatant mitogenic factor is a protein with molecular weight of about 60 kD and pI of about 4.0.
Predomination of CD8+ lymphocytes in synovial fluid of chickens with experimentally induced infectious synovitis
Authors: NARAT Mojca 
Published: July 2024

The natural and experimental infection with Mycoplasma synoviae in chickens causes not only infection of the upper respiratory tract but also results in infectious synovitis, an arthritis which is regarded as an autoimmune disease due to its typical histological and immunological symptoms. In all arthritic diseases as well as in infectious synovitis T cells seem to play a major role in the development, maintenance and resolution of disease. Using monoclonal antibodies against different chicken T cell marker molecules we demonstrate predomination of CD8+a /b TCR cells in synovial fluid of experimentally induced infectious synovitis.
Hranilna in energijska vrednost koruzne silaže za krave molznice
Authors: RAJČEVIČ Marija , ILC Anton , ŽLINDRA Janez 
Published: July 2024

We investigated chemical composition, nutritive and energy value of maize silage, produced in 1993, 1994 and 1995, consumed by dairy cows on Mercator-Kmetijsko gospodarstvo Kočevje. In 1993 the maize silage was drought-stricken, therefore for that year also in vitro digestibility of dry and organic matter of two samples by drought differently stricken maize and of two samples of silage with different content of dry matter was stated. The content of dry matter of the analyzed samples of maize silage was the 275.8 and 362.4 g kg-1, with 252 and 254.7 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.38 and 6.41 MJ kg -1 NEL in it. The digestibility of dry matter was 0.664 and 0.660, while digestibility of organic matter was 0.657 and 0.652. The average of 6 samples of the analyzed silages produced in 1993 was 312.9 ± 19.9 g kg-1 of dry matter, and in it was 228.3 ± 13.1 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.54 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. In vitro digestibility of dry matter of maize silage with 311.1 g kg -1 of dry matter was 0.665, and organic matter 0.657; in silage with 347.2 g kg-1 of dry matter the digestibility of dry matter was 0.666, and of organic matter 0.660. In silage produced in 1994 (n=8) the average content of dry matter was 362.9 ± 50.6 g kg-1, and it was 231.5 ± 18.6 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.43 ± 0.2 MJ kg-1 NEL. The analyzed silage produced in 1995 (n=5) contained 307.9 ± 26.3 g kg -1 of dry matter, in which was 238.1 ± 11.3 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.3 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. Energy and nutritive values of silage produced in 1993, when the maize was stricken by drought, were actually lower than shown by calculation on the base of chemical analysis.
Določitev vsebnosti omega-3 in omega-6 maščobnih kislin v jajcih
Authors: STIBILJ Vekoslava , KOMAN RAJŠP Mojca 
Published: July 2024

The aim of our work was to determine fatty acid composition of ordinary eggs and fatty acid composition of eggs enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid extraction preceeding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-s) preparation for gas chromatography is time consuming and cumbersome. We omitted the lipid extraction and performed in situ transesterification (ISTE) by heating lipid - containing eggs at 90o C for 10 min after adding 0.5 N NaOH in methanol for methanolysis and continued heating another 10 min for further methylation after adding 12 % BF3 in methanol. Due to simplicity, speed and reduced organic solvent usage, we used ISTE method for determination eggs fatty acid composition. The analytical results are in good accordance with literature data. Omega-3 enriched eggs on the Slovene market(producer JATA Reja) have a better fatty acid profile (EPA+DHA = 4.42 ut%) than ordinary commercial eggs (EPA+DHA = 1.34 ut%) of the same producer.
CO2 exchange rate of apple fruitlets before the abscission
Authors: STOPAR Matej , GREGORČIČ Ana , BATIČ Franc 
Published: July 2024

Fruit CO2 exchange at the time of fruit setting period was evaluated on mature cv. 'Jonagold' apple trees after 4 days artificial shading with 90 % photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) reduction and after NAA 15 ppm and BA 50 ppm applied immediately after the end of shading. Light reduction which accelerated fruitlets abscission very quickly had a depressive effect on fruits CO2 dark respiration rate (Rd) and gross assimilation rate (Ag) 3 days after the end of shading. Similarly, reduced Rd and less negative net CO2 assimilation rate (A) was recorded on fruitlets 7 days after NAA and BA application what is explained as a diminished metabolism of fruits starting with abscission. The fruitlets from shaded trees, which did not tend to abscission any more, showed an enhanced Rd and more negative A on 7th or 8th day after the end of shading. Ethylene evolution from fruits 2nd and 7th day after NAA 15 ppm application was enhanced comparing to control fruits. BA 50 ppm enhanced ethylene evolution on 2nd day after spraying, however on 7th day the ethylene evolution was lower than in control fruits. Healthy, not to drop inclined fruitlets retained on trees 7 days after shading treatment, showed stronger fruit ethylene production.
Hydroponic growing of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using a thin layer system with different substrates
Authors: OSVALD Jože , GANTAR Mirjam , PETROVIČ Nino 
Published: July 2024

In the experiment, which took place on the experimental field of the Bio-technical Faculty in Ljubljana from the end of September 1992 until February 1993, we have compared the hydroponic growing of lettuce (cv. 'Lusiana') on four different substrates (vermicu-lite, rockwool - 'Agrotervol', compost, and a mixture of compost and peat) with classic growing in soil. The highest average weight (139.9 g/plant) was measured in the mixture of compost and peat. The average weight in the compost was 129.3 g/plant, in soil 95.0 g/plant, in rockwool 72.1 g/plant and in vermiculite 64.4 g/plant. Plants grown in vermiculite and rockwool had a much greater weight on the upper side of the parcel - at the place where we had been adding nutrient solution - compared with the lower side of the parcel. Measurement of nitrate on the upper side of the parcel registers a higher contain of nitrate in leaves than in substrates. The highest average nitrate content was measured in plants grown in soil, while the lowest average content was recorded in plants grown in rockwool and in the mixture of compost and peat.
Local heating in the growing of winter vegetables
Authors: OSVALD Jože , VRŠČAJ Avgust 
Published: July 2024

The experiment deals with the comparison of different microclimates and the growth development of lettuce (cv.’Donia’ and cv. ‘Aprilia’), spinach (cv.’Matador’) and corn salad (cv. ‘Holandski’) in two tunnels with different local heating (tunnel A - the heating pipes were placed 20 cm deep in the soil, tunnel C - the heating pipes were placed on the surface of the soil, between rows) and in an unheated tunnel (B). The trial took place on the experimental field of the Biotehnical Faculty in Ljubljana from Dec. 1992 to Mar. 1993. With the lowest air temperature (20 cm above the soil) -6.5 °C, the air temperature in C was -2.5 °C, in A -4.5 °C, and in B -6.8 °C, the temperature of the soil at a depth of 5 cm was 8.5 °C in A, 1 °C in B, and 3 °C in C. The entering temperature of the heating water was between 24 ° and 27.5 °C; the thermal - current from the surface of the heating pipes into their surrounding was 54 W/m2 in A and C 38 W/m2 of soil surface. The analyses of growing and yield show that the heaviest and most developed vegetables were in A and the least developed in B. All the vegetables had a long growing period because of the low morning and night air temperatures in the tunnels. This fact proves that none of the experimented forms of local heating is adequate as independent heating for growing winter vegetables. These experimental forms can be used only as supplementary heating.
Spremljanje rasti in razvoja cepljenk vinske trte (Vitis sp.) v prvem letu po cepljenju
Authors: TOZAN Drago , KOROŠEC-KORUZA Zora , TOMAŽIČ Irma 
Published: July 2024

In 1995-96 the grapevine grafting experiment was set up in Vrhpolje nursery to see the influence of both the rootstock and the scion upon the weight and the number of roots/graft as well as upon the weight of the one-year shoots/plant. 2 vinifera cvs. 'Merlot' and 'Laški rizling' were grafted onto 4 rootstocks ('Kober 5 BB', 'SO 4', '420 A', 'Paulsen 1103'). The repetitions were 4 different dates of the rooting out the grafts, June 13th, July 4th, August 1st, and December 6th. In first months the influence of the scion upon the grafts was significant, but not at the last date of the rooting out. In average cv. 'Laški rizling' gave better results as cv. 'Merlot'. The grafts on 'Paulsen 1103' rooted late, but burst very soon. At the last measerments those grafts gave the highest average roots and shoots weight/plant. The vines on '420 A' rooted and started to grow very late, many of grafts died. The grafts on 'SO 4' had the optimal rooting and growing dynamic. The grafts on 'Kober 5 BB' gave low average data at the last rooting out, the influence of the scion upon the graft development during the whole growth was significant.
Preliminary studies of leaf net photosyntesis, planting systems and yield of some apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Authors: SINKOVIČ Tomaž , PODGORNIK Helena , ŠIRCELJ Helena , ŠTAMPAR Franc , BATIČ Franc 
Published: July 2024

In apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) the correlation between the leaves net photosynthesis, the tree yield and the leaf area of the tree was investigated. The experiments were carried out on three apple cultivars ('Jonagold', 'Elstar Elshof', 'Idared') for the three planting systems. Net photosynthesis and the tree yield reached the highest medium value in the one row planting system, the tree row system followed, whereas the lowest values of both parameters were measured in the "V" planting system. The tree leaf area had the lowest value in one row planting system and the highest value in tree row system. In high density planting system with three planting distances 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm, the highest net photosynthesis was measured at the 40 cm distance for all four cultivars involved in the experiment ('Golden Delicius', 'Red Elstar', 'Jonagold', 'Idared'). The tree yield and the tree leaf area in the high-density planting system did not show correlation with net photosynthesis.
Free sugar and sorbitol content of pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L. and Pyrus serotina Rehd.)
Authors: HUDINA Metka , ŠTAMPAR Franci 
Published: July 2024

The fruit free sugar content, sorbitol and soluble solids of seventeen European pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) and four Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) grown in Slovenia were determined. Pear fruits contain mostly fructose and sorbitol. The smallest contents of glucose and sucrose are in the cvs. 'Williams Bon Chrétien’, ‘Red Williams’ and ‘Rosired’. Asian pear cultivars contain on average more total sugars, especially glucose, in comparison to the European pear cultivars. Considerable differences of individual sugars contents were determined between various cultivars.
Flowering prediction of pear tree (Pyrus communis L.), apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) and plum tree (Prunus domestica L.) - similarities and differences
Authors: BERGANT Klemen , ČREPINŠEK Zalika , KAJFEŽ-BOGATAJ Lučka 
Published: July 2024

Paper discusses the similarities and differences in predicting the full flowering of apple tree (cv. 'Bobovec'), pear tree (cv. 'Pastorjevka') and domestic plum tree. The study was conducted at University of Ljubljana. Input data were standard weather and phenological observations of Hydrometeorological Institute of Slovenia. First average monthly air temperature and average monthly amount of precipitation from January to April were used as predictors for flowering of fruit trees during the time period 1967-1996 and in second case input data for models were phenological data of autochthonous plants: first leaves unfolded of Betula pendula ROTH, Fagus sylvatica L. and Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Two different approaches were employed for predicting of full flowering of apple tree, pear tree and plum tree: the linear multiple regression and correlation analysis. The date of full flowering for all tree species is strongly correlated with the first leaves unfolding of birch (R2 is from 0.61 to 0.91) and in case of pear tree and apple tree also with first leaves unfolding of beech (R2 is from 0.62 to 0.66). Also strong correlation with combination of average March and April air temperature was found for flowering of apple tree and plum tree, for pear tree the full flowering was correlated with combination of average February and March air temperatures. In case of apple tree 76% of total variance was explained by linear multiple regression model between full flowering and air temperatures, for plum tree 55% and for pear tree even 91%. The multiple regression model for predicting the full flowering on the base of March and April temperatures have great disadvantage, because the predictions can be made in case of apple tree only 2 days ahead and in case of plum tree not even that. On the other hand, the prediction of flowering for pear tree can be made 22 days ahead. The full flowering for apple tree and plum tree in our case were not correlated to average monthly amount of precipitation at all. This could be expected since in Slovenia, water availability in the spring is sufficient for plant needs.
Analysis of operational harmonization of water allocation in a public irrigation system in Indonesia - a case study of Baro Raya irrigation area
Authors: HELMI Helmi , TAKEYA Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2024

This study focused on operational procedure of water allocation across a public irrigation system in Indonesia. The objective is at achieving goals of water distribution in the attempt to gain both equity and efficiency. Methodology of this study is conducted through a series observation on the field that have implemented Pasten, Faktor-K, Faktor Palawija Relative (FPR) and Golongan methods as the step of water allocation procedures. Results of the study showed that these methods were carried out harmonically amongst the irrigated area according to the characteristic of its land and availability of water. There are no overlapping or varying of the methods using in each block. However, it was found some violations of operational rules due to lack of irrigation inspectors, malfunction of measurement structure, miss in assessing areas by crop type and planting date, and many tertiary blocks across more than one village.
Redukcija nitrata v globljih plasteh tal
Authors: PINTAR Marina , LOBNIK Franc 
Published: July 2024

In seven days of the continuous incubation experiment at T=18°C with undisturbed soil samples of brown soils from the Apače Valley different dose of nitrate and additional glucose in some soil depth have statistically different impact on nitrate reduction rate (p=0.1, p=0.05 or p=0.01). This was in soil depths of 10-20 cm, 30-40 cm, 50-60 cm, and 90+ cm which correspond to soil horizons Ap, A1,2, Apog and C from 0.23±0.005 to 3.23±0.7, from 0.042±0.003 to 1.63±0.20, from 0.15±0.04 to 1.7±0.1 and from 0.004±0.001 to 1.05±0.09 mg N-NO3/kg of dry soil/day respectively. Linear models of added nitrate concentration impact on nitrate reduction rate vary statistically distinguishing among soil depths (p=0.01). With additional glucose, the nitrate reduction was 5.5 times faster in the gravel parent material and 2.3 times faster in the uppermost soil layer.
Effect of different nitrogen amounts in nutrient solution on plant growth and nitrate accumulation in aeroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa l.)
Authors: KACJAN-MARŠIĆ Nina , OSVALD Jože 
Published: July 2024

The influence of different nitrogen amounts in nutrient solution on growth, development and nitrate content was studied in aeroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Three successive experiments were conducted in 1999 from April to September, in an aeroponic system. The lettuce plants cv. Vanity were grown in aeroponics using four different amounts of nitrogen in nutrient solutions. The pH level was maintained between 5.5 and 6.5, and the EC between 1.8 in 2.2 mS/cm. Fresh weight measurements were made on all the material. Differences among averages of fresh weight were statistically significant in the first experiment. The maximum final fresh weight average in treatment 8 mM was 1000 g. In the second and the third experiment, the largest amount of nitrogen 12 mM NO3-N, also affected the growth of lettuce plants. The low level of nitrate in the nutrient solution significantly increased the fresh weight of the final roots regarding the level of nitrate in standard nutrient solution (12 mM NO3-N). The highest NO3- concentration in older leaves was recored in plants grown in nutrient solutions with 8 mM and 12 mM NO3-N. The low enough NO3- concentration was found in leaves of lettuce treated with nutrient solution with 4 mM NO3-N, in all three experiment.
Growing technique and cultivar choice as factors of the occurrence of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel) on summer lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: TRDAN Stanislav , ŽNIDARČIČ Dragan 
Published: July 2024

In the 2000-2001 period the economic importance of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel) on seven cultivars of summer lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), grown on or without black plastic mulch was studied. Though the differences between the cultivars in the infection with the fungus were obvious, it was concluded that there is no immediate connection between the degree of infection with the pathogen and the yield of the lettuce. There was also no immediate connection between the degree of infection with the fungus and the growing technique used.
Gospodarsko pomembne lastnosti petih sort konoplje (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa) iz poljskih poskusov v Markišavcih pri Murski Soboti
Authors: KOCJAN AČKO Darja , BARIČEVIČ Dea , RENGEO Dejan , ANDRENŠEK Samo 
Published: July 2024

Five varieties of hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa), aimed at stem or seed production, were plotted in the field experiment (4 random blocks) at Markišavci location near Murska Sobota, in north-eastern part of Slovenia. Two sawing dates were applied: the first in April (main crop) and the second in July (stubble crop). Each of the experimental plots (4 repetitions within one treatment) was designed on the area of 30 m2. The results of the D 9-THC analysis, based on EU prescribed methods, showed that plant samples, obtained from the upper third of the female or hermaphrodite plants of tested varieties 'Unico-B', 'Juso-11', 'Bialobrzeskie' and 'Beniko', did not exceed the limit of 0.2 % THC (EU regulation). This is the reason, why these varieties seem acceptable for cultivation purposes in Slovenia. On the contrary, 'Novosadska konoplja' exceeded the legally allowed D 9-THC concentration in the upper third of crop plants, sampled in August (0.84 %) and September (0.82 %) as well as in all samples in 2001. These elevated amounts of D 9-THC considerably influenced the average content of D 9-THC in plant samples of 'Novosadska konoplja' (0.46 % in 2000 and 0.34 % in 2001). The highest stem and seed yields per ha in production year 2000 were obtained with 'Novosadska konoplja' (stem yield 4465 kg/ha, seed yield 654 kg/ha), when both applied technologies and sawing dates were considered. In 2001, the average stem and seed yields of 'Unico-B' (stem yield 4150 kg/ha, seed yield 333 kg/ha) exceeded (2.9 % and 62.8 %) those of 'Novosadska konoplja' for stem and seed yield, respectively. When considering other economically important characteristics of hemp production (plant height, the periode of technological maturity of seeds, the contents of essential- and fatty oils) a significant differences in respond of tested varieties to the applied technologies or sawing dates were observed.
Sensory characteristics of Slovenian honey
Authors: GOLOB Terezija , BERTONCELJ Jasna , ŠKRABANJA Vida 
Published: July 2024

The objective of the present study was to assess the sensory quality of Slovenian honey. Three sensory attributes: colour, odour and aroma of 293 honey samples were evaluated by an experienced and trained panel of six assessors. Samples were collected in years 1998 to 2000 and classified to five assorted (acacia, chestnut, fir, lime and spruce) and four unsorted (flower, forest, blend and Metcalfa pruinosa) honeys. The analysis of variance showed that between honey types the differences in colour and odour were statistically significant. The honeys sensory characteristics were generally not influenced by the production year and different seasonal climatic conditions. Sensory evaluation can overcome the limitations of chemical and pollen analyses and serve as an appropriate tool for honey type authentication.
Všečnost cvetnih barv pri ljudeh
Authors: KARAVANJA Nikolaja 
Published: July 2024

The study examines people's preferences for flower colors, taking roses as samples. 77 interviewees, male and female, of different ages and professions were asked to rank 12 color photographs of 12 different colored rose cultivars, mostly tea hybrids, according to their color preferences. Each participant generated one rating scale; the calculation of average rankings enabled us to create a scale of generally liked colors. Scarlet shaded red was the highest rated color, followed by crimson red, orange and white. The yellow color was situated approximately in the middle of the rating scale, rose and pink colored flowers were less preferred and lilac blue the least. Preferences vary according to gender, with women being slightly less favorable to red colors, more often choosing roseate or lilac blue flowers as pleasing ones. Men are much more favorable to red colored flowers than women, a fact, which corresponds with results of different researchers about colors in general.