bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Halogen to Superhalogen Behavior of Organic Molecules Created by Functionalizing Benzene
Authors: Zhao Hongmin , Zhou Jian , Fang Hong , Jena Puru 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBenzene, the classic organic molecule obeying Hückel′s rule of aromaticity, has negative electron affinity (EA), namely −1.15 eV. By using density functional theory with hybrid functional for exchange and correlation potential, we show that a series of organic molecules created by changing either the benzene core or the ligands, or both, result in species with EAs that range from 2.15 to 5.37 eV. This shows that ligand substitution is more effective than aromaticity in increasing the EA of organic molecules. The ability to create highly electronegative organic molecules by functionalizing benzene may provide new opportunities for synthesizing organic oxidizing agents with potential new applications.
Innovations in plantar pressure and foot temperature measurements in diabetes
Authors: Bus S. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlantar pressure and temperature measurements in the diabetic foot primarily contribute to identifying abnormal values that increase risk for foot ulceration, and they are becoming increasingly more integrated in clinical practice and daily life of the patient. While plantar pressure measurements have long been present, only recently evidence shows their importance in ulcer prevention, as a data‐driven approach to therapeutic footwear provision. The long‐term monitoring of plantar pressures with the option to provide feedback, when alarming pressure levels occur, is a promising development in this area, although more technical and clinical validation is required. Shear is considered important in ulcer aetiology but is technically difficult to measure. Innovative research is underway to assess if foot temperature can act as a useful surrogate for shear. Because the skin heats up before it breaks down, frequent monitoring of foot temperature can identify these warning signals. This approach has shown to be effective in preventing foot ulcers. Innovation in diagnostic methods for foot temperature monitoring and evidence on cost effectiveness will likely facilitate implementation. Finally, monitoring of adherence to offloading treatment using temperature‐based sensors has proven to be a feasible and relevant method with a wide range of possible research and patient care applications.These innovations in plantar pressure and temperature measurements illustrate an important transfer in diabetic foot care from subjective to objective evaluation of the high‐risk patient. They demonstrate clinical value and a large potential in helping to reduce the patient and economic burden of diabetic foot disease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connectedness to the criminal community and the community at large predicts 1‐year post‐release outcomes among felony offenders
Authors: Folk Johanna B. , Mashek Debra , Tangney June , Stuewig Jeffrey , Moore Kelly E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConnectedness to one's community relates to positive psychological and behavioral outcomes. But what implications do connectedness to distinct communities—the criminal community and the community at large—have for inmates about to be released from jail? This study (N = 383) prospectively examined connectedness to the criminal community and community at large prior to release from jail and functioning at 1‐year post‐release. Connectedness to the community at large positively predicted community adjustment, whereas connectedness to the criminal community positively predicted recidivism. Targeting both types of community connectedness may enhance interventions intended to undermine recidivism and increase positive outcomes for inmates.
An Electrochemical Biosensor with Uricase Immobilized on Functionalized Gold Coated Copper Wire Electrode for Urinary Uric Acid Assay
Authors: Cheng Cheanyeh , Kao Chi‐Ying 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new second generation uricase electrode for urinary uric acid determination has been developed by chemically binding both uricase and redox mediator to inexpensive copper wire through simple electrodeposition of gold on copper surface and subsequent functionalization of the gold with L‐methionine. During a 209‐day testing period, the overall electrode performance exhibits in average a low oxidation potential of 0.33 V, a response time of 5 s, a widest linear calibration concentration range (0–2.38 mM, r2>0.9952), a sensitivity of 50 μA mM−1, and a detection limit of 2.4 μM. The measurement accuracy and precision for the determination of uric acid in human urine specimens were 85.6–95.5 % and 0.3–2.4 %, respectively. The developed uricase electrode is potential for clinical applications.
Measuring Health Spillovers for Economic Evaluation: A Case Study in Meningitis
Authors: Al‐Janabi Hareth , Van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner , Trotter Caroline , Glennie Linda , Hannigan Laurie , Coast Joanna 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe health of carers and others close to the patient will often be relevant to economic evaluation, but it is very rarely considered in practice. This may reflect a lack of understanding of how the spillover effect of illness can be appropriately quantified. In this study we used three different approaches to quantify health spillovers resulting from meningitis. We conducted a survey of 1218 family networks affected by meningitis and used regression modelling to estimate spillover effects. The findings show that meningitis had long‐term effects on family members' health, particularly affecting the likelihood of family members reporting anxiety and depression. These effects extended beyond a single close family member. These findings suggest that vaccinating against meningitis will bring significant health benefits not just to those that might have contracted the illness but also to their family networks. In methodological terms, different approaches for quantifying health spillovers provided broadly consistent results. The choice of method will be influenced by the ease of collecting primary data from family members in intervention contexts. © 2015 The Authors.Health Economicspublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nested‐Scale Nutrient Flux in a Mixed‐Land‐Use Urbanizing Watershed
Authors: Zeiger Sean J. , Hubbart Jason A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo improve quantitative understanding of mixed‐land‐use impacts on nutrient yields, a nested‐scale experimental watershed study design (n = 5) was applied in a 303(d), clean water act impaired urbanizing watershed of the lower Missouri River Basin, USA. From 2010 to 2013, water samples (n = 858 sample days per site) were analysed for total inorganic nitrogen (TIN‐N), nitrite (NO2–N) nitrate (NO3–N), ammonia (NH3–N), and total phosphorus (TP‐P). Annual, seasonal, and monthly flow‐weighted concentrations (FWCs) and nutrient yields were estimated. Mean nutrient concentrations were highest where agricultural land use comprised 58% of the drainage area (NH3 = 0.111 mg/l; NO2 = 0.045 mg/l; NO3 = 0.684 mg/l, TIN = 0.840 mg/l; TP = 0.127 mg/l). Average TP‐P increased by 15% with 20% increased urban land use area. Highly variable annual precipitation was observed during the study with highest nutrient yields during 2010 (record setting wet year) and lowest nutrient yields during 2012 (extreme drought year). Annual TIN‐N and TP‐P yields exceeded 10.3 and 2.04 kg ha−1 yr−1 from the agricultural dominated headwaters. Mean annual NH3–N, NO2–N, NO3–N, TIN‐N, and TP‐P yields were 0.742, 0.400, 4.24, 5.38, and 0.979 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively near the watershed outlet. Precipitation accounted for the majority of the explained variance in nutrient yields (R2 values from 0.68 to 0.85). Nutrient yields were also dependent on annual precipitation of the preceding year (R2 values from 0.87 to 0.91) thus enforcing the great complexity of variable mixed‐land‐use mediated source‐sink nutrient yield relationships. Study results better inform land managers and best management practices designed to mitigate nutrient pollution issues in mixed‐land‐use freshwater ecosystems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of the chemical composition and bioactivity of Waldheimia glabra (Decne.) Regel essential oil
Authors: Manzo Alessandra , Musso Loana , Panseri Sara , Iriti Marcello , Dallavalle Sabrina , Catalano Enrico , Scarì Giorgio , Giorgi Annamaria 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis research aimed at improving knowledge as to the chemical composition and the antibacterial and anti‐cancer activities of the essential oil of Waldheimia glabra, a wild plant from the Himalayan Mountains.RESULTSThe results obtained by GC‐MS showed that spathulenol, 9‐tetradecenol, thujopsene, α‐thujone, santolina alcohol and terpinen‐4‐ol were the main constituents of Waldheimia glabra essential oil. These results were confirmed by HS‐SPME GC‐MS analysis that also reported high amounts of artemisia alcohol and camphor. Disc diffusion assay suggested a mild antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, a dose–response correlation was observed between Waldhemia glabra essential oil concentration and viability of human breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7.CONCLUSIONSTogether with the GC‐MS method, HS‐SPME GC‐MS proved to be a reliable technique to characterise the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from aromatic plants. Further studies will focus on W. glabra phytochemicals and their biological activity, in order to support traditional uses of the plant. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Is Rainwater Harvesting an Option for Designing Sustainable Cropping Patterns for Rainfed Agriculture?
Authors: Akhtar Masood , ‐Hassan Fayyaz‐ul , Ahmed Mukhtar , Hayat Rifat , Stöckle Claudio O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRainwater harvesting in small dams has good potential to provide supplementary agricultural irrigation during critical crop growth stages. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cropping patterns: fallow–wheat (FW), mash–wheat (MaW), sorghum–wheat (SW), maize (grain)–wheat (MW), maize (grain)–gram (MG) and mung–canola (MuC); under two conditions: irrigated (Command area of Pira Fatehial small dam) and rainfed (Un‐command area) on sandy loam soil during three years (2009 to 2011). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, three factor factorial (cropping patterns, irrigated/non‐irrigated conditions and years) using four replications. The highest grain yield of wheat (5.6 Mg ha−1) was obtained from the MaW cropping pattern as compared to those from MW, FW and SW cropping patterns. Summer crops (sorghum fodder, maize grain and mash) performed excellent under irrigated conditions. Water use efficiency of wheat (14.3 kg ha−1mm−1) following mash under both the conditions exhibited higher values than when compared with those from SW, FW and MW cropping patterns. However, nutrient use efficiency in SW cropping pattern surpassed the others. Performance of all crops remained better under the irrigated condition during both all seasons and years, as rainfall deficiency was compensated by supplementary irrigations. Hence, this study concluded that farmers having water resources for supplemental irrigation should adopt the MW cropping pattern, based on grain yield, efficient utilization of available supplemental water and better utilization of nutrients. Similarly, based on improved nutrient utilization and monitory outputs, the MaW sequence should be followed in rain‐fed areas for better resource management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Investigations of Propylene/Ethylene Random Copolymers by Thermal Fractionation Technique
Authors: Destro Mara , Ferrara Giuseppe , Malizia Federica , Nadalini Giorgio , Tartari Davide 
Published: October 2015

SummaryStepwise Isothermal Segregation Technique (SIST) has been applied to four C3C2 random copolymers with very similar ethylene content and molecular weight distribution but generated by using different Ziegler‐Natta catalysts in order to test the capability of such technique to discriminate among molecular structures. On the basis of obtained results it was possible to demonstrate the sensibility of SIST to both inter‐ and intra‐ molecular defects impressed to the polymers by the different catalytic systems.
Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin in the elderly treated for a dysimmune neuromuscular disease
Authors: Lozeron Pierre , Not Adeline , Theaudin Marie , Denier Christian , Masnou Pascal , Sarov Mariana , Adam Clovis , Cauquil Cécile , Adams David 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionMany patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) are >60 years of age. Tolerability has yet to be demonstrated in this age group.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of adverse reactions among consecutive patients treated with IVIg for neurological disorders. Risk factors were recorded. Correlation and relative risks were calculated for age, risk factors, IVIg course, daily dose, concentration, preparation, and duration of treatment. An infusion and monitoring protocol was applied.ResultsTwo hundred forty‐four patients were reviewed, including 62% who were ≥60 years of age (total dose 1.8 ± 0.4 g/kg body weight, daily dose 30.3 ± 2.0 g). Sixty‐nine percent received sugar‐stabilized IVIg. Forty‐nine percent presented with >1 risk factor. Adverse reactions occurred in 35% and led to treatment discontinuation in 5%, with a similar incidence among age groups. In patients ≥60 years old, sucrose‐free IVIg administration was an independent predictor of adverse reactions, including renal failure.ConclusionIn the elderly, IVIg infusions are safe. Adverse reactions mainly depend on IVIg preparation and administration. Renal failure is not uncommon with sugar‐free IVIg. Muscle Nerve 53: 683–689, 2016
Forgotten monomers: access to α‐modified N‐vinylpyrrolidone polymers via C‐alkylation
Authors: Obels Daniela , Siegfeld Patrick , Ritter Helmut 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlkylation of N‐vinylpyrrolidone using lithium diisopropylamide and bis(2‐bromoethyl) ether was carried out to obtain 3‐(2‐(2‐bromoethoxy)ethyl)‐1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (2). The derivative 2 represents a versatile starting molecule for further modification via nucleophilic displacement yielding, for example, the bicyclic 2‐vinyl‐8‐oxa‐2‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐1‐one (4) or the ammonium salt 3‐diethoxy‐N,N′‐((dimethylbenzyl)ammonium bromide)‐1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (10). Via free radical polymerization of 4 and 10, the corresponding homopolymers were obtained. Copolymerization of 4 and 10 with N,N′‐diethylacrylamide yielded water‐soluble materials. The thermosensitive solubility of copolymers poly[(2‐vinyl‐8‐oxa‐2‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐1‐one)‐co‐(N,N′‐diethylacrylamide)] and poly[(3‐diethoxy‐N,N′‐((dimethylbenzyl)ammonium bromide)‐1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐co‐(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)] in water was investigated. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of gradient copolysiloxanes by simultaneous copolymerization of cyclotrisiloxanes and mechanism for kinetics inverse between anionic and cationic ring‐opening polymerization
Authors: Fei Hua‐Feng , Han Xiaojie , Liu Bozheng , Gao Xiyin , Wang Qian , Zhang Zhijie , Xie Zemin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTrifluoropropylmethylsiloxane–phenylmethylsiloxane gradient copolysiloxanes were synthesized by anionic and cationic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of 1,3,5‐tris(trifluoropropylmethyl)cyclotrisiloxane (
) and phenylmethylcyclotrisiloxane (
). The analysis of reactivity ratios revealed that the reactivity of
toward anionic ROP was higher than that of
; however,
exhibited lower reactivity compared with
during the cationic ROP. AB and BAB type gradient copolymers were obtained because of a difference in the reactivity of the monomers. The microstructure of copolymers was characterized by 29Si NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the mechanism for kinetics inverse of copolymerization was proposed based on the results of the optimized molecular configuration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 835–843
Sorption–desorption of fipronil in some soils, as influenced by ionic strength, pH and temperature
Authors: Singh Anand , Srivastava Anjana , Srivastava Prakash C 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sorption–desorpion of fipronil insecticide is influenced by soil properties and variables such as pH, ionic strength, temperature, etc. A better understanding of soil properties and these variables in sorption–desorption processes by quantification of fipronil using liquid chromatography may help to optimise suitable soil management to reduce contamination of surface and groundwaters. In the present investigation, the sorption–desorption of fipronil was studied in some soils at varying concentrations, ionic strengths, temperatures and pH values, and IR specta of fipronil sorbed onto soils were studied.RESULTThe sorption of fipronil onto soils conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model. The sorption–desorption of fipronil varied with ionic strength in each of the soils. Sorption decreased but desorption increased with temperature. Sorption did not change with increasing pH, but for desorption there was no correlation. The cumulative desorption of fipronil from soil was significantly and inversely related to soil organic carbon content. IR spectra of sorbed fipronil showed the involvement of amino, nitrile, sulfone, chloro and fluoro groups and the pyrazole nucleus of the fipronil molecule.CONCLUSIONThe sorption of fipronil onto soils appeared to be a physical process with the involvement of hydrogen bonding. An increase in soil organic carbon may help to reduce desorption of fipronil. High‐temperature regimes are more conducive to the desorption. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Sperm dysfunction and ciliopathy
Authors: Inaba Kazuo , Mizuno Katsutoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSperm motility is driven by motile cytoskeletal elements in the tail, called axonemes. The structure of axonemes consists of 9 + 2 microtubules, molecular motors (dyneins), and their regulatory structures. Axonemes are well conserved in motile cilia and flagella through eukaryotic evolution. Deficiency in the axonemal structure causes defects in sperm motility, and often leads to male infertility. It has been known since the 1970s that, in some cases, male infertility is linked with other symptoms or diseases such as Kartagener syndrome. Given that these links are mostly caused by deficiencies in the common components of cilia and flagella, they are called “immotile cilia syndrome” or “primary ciliary dyskinesia,” or more recently, “ciliopathy,” which includes deficiencies in primary and sensory cilia. Here, we review the structure of the sperm flagellum and epithelial cilia in the human body, and discuss how male fertility is linked to ciliopathy.
Mechanism of frequency lock-in in vortex-induced vibrations at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Xintao , Ye Zhengyin , Jiang Yuewen 
Published: October 2015

In this study, a CFD-based linear dynamics model combined with the direct Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics (CFD/CSD) simulation method is utilized to study the physical mechanisms underlying frequency lock-in in vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs). An identification method is employed to construct the reduced-order models (ROMs) of unsteady aerodynamics for the incompressible flow past a vibrating cylinder at low Reynolds numbers ($Re$). Reduced-order-model-based fluid–structure interaction models for VIV are also constructed by coupling ROMs and structural motion equations. The effects of the natural frequency of the cylinder, mass ratio and structural damping coefficient on the dynamics of the coupled system at$Re=60$are investigated. The results show that the frequency lock-in phenomenon at low Reynolds numbers can be divided into two patterns according to different induced mechanisms. The two patterns are ‘resonance-induced lock-in’ and ‘flutter-induced lock-in’. When the natural frequency of the cylinder is in the vicinity of the eigenfrequency of the uncoupled wake mode (WM), only the WM is unstable. The dynamics of the coupled system is dominated by resonance. Meanwhile, for relatively high natural frequencies (i.e. greater than the eigenfrequency of the uncoupled WM), the structure mode becomes unstable, and the coupling between the two unstable modes eventually leads to flutter. Flutter is the root cause of frequency lock-in and the higher vibration amplitude of the cylinder than that of the resonance region. This result provides evidence for the finding of De Langre (J. Fluids Struct., vol. 22, 2006, pp. 783–791) that frequency lock-in is caused by coupled-mode flutter. The linear model exactly predicts the onset reduced velocity of frequency lock-in compared with that of direct numerical simulations. In addition, the transition frequency predicted by the linear model is in close coincidence with the amplitude of the lift coefficient of a fixed cylinder for high mass ratios. Therefore, it confirms that linear models can capture a significant part of the inherent physics of the frequency lock-in phenomenon.
THE VERNACULAR JOURNEY: RAILWAY TRAVELERS IN EARLY PAHLAVI IRAN, 1925–50
Authors: Koyagi Mikiya 
Published: October 2015

AbstractExploring how railway technology was incorporated into the everyday lives of Iranians during the second quarter of the 20th century, this article focuses on spatial discourses and practices around the Iranian railway. The first part investigates Iranian journalists' construction of the railway traveler prototype as the propagator of modernity prior to the completion of the Trans-Iranian Railway in 1938. The second part shows how in the 1940s the railway space became a microcosm of the heterogeneous Iranian nation, and explores how middle-class travelers experienced the railway space. I argue that the railway space, rather than creating a homogeneous experience of railway journeys, was conducive to fragmented experiences among its diverse occupants, who were divided by religion, socioeconomic status, cultural orientation, and ethnicity. The visibility of heterogeneity in the railway space compelled modern middle-class travelers to consolidate their class identity and distinguish themselves from the rest of Iranian society. Wanting to achieve a homogeneously Europeanized Iran, they also felt compelled to travel the country more extensively to create a national community connected through direct interaction.
Eosinophilic oesophagitis: a systematic review for otolaryngologists
Authors: Bahgat M , Dawe N , Flood L 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:Eosinophilic oesophagitis is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated oesophageal disease, only recently, but increasingly, recognised in the world literature. It is diagnosed and managed primarily by medical gastroenterologists and allergy specialists, and is a distinct disease entity, affecting both children and adults. Few studies have been published in otolaryngology journals, although otolaryngologists will encounter patients with undiagnosed eosinophilic oesophagitis. Patients may present with dysphagia, bolus obstruction or with other ENT disorders, such as atopic rhinitis, reflecting the underlying systemic allergic disorder.Objective:This paper systematically reviews the evidence base published on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis, particularly as it relates to otolaryngology practice.