bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensorial Attributes of Fermented Whey Drinks with Either Natural or Artificial Flavoring Agents
Authors: Abduh S B M , Rizqiati H , Al-Baarri A N , Hintono A , Bintoro V P , Putra H B P , Susetya A E , Setyani M , Gilkar K R , Retnowati A D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A clear-yellowish liquid, resulting from the separation and pressing of curds in the cheese-making process, is obtained, and it is commonly known as whey. Despite being commonly regarded as waste, whey still contains some nutrients such as protein, lactose, and minerals. These compounds endow whey with the potential to be processed into a food product. However, an unwanted sensory aspect can be caused by the presence of these organic compounds. This is a consequence of chemical changes in organic compounds within whey during production and storage, which can impact flavor and lead to the formation of off flavors. One alternative that can be employed to reduce off-flavors is the conversion of whey into probiotic drinks through a fermentation process involving lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Although a fermentation process could impart a more favorable sensory aspect to whey, it is still deemed necessary to incorporate natural or artificial flavorings. Orange (citrus) is a common flavor used in food products. Consequently, this study was conducted to enhance the sensory aspect of whey by fermenting it and adding natural and artificial citrus flavorings, with subsequent evaluation through consumer acceptance. According to the study results, significant findings were observed in flavored fermented whey, exhibiting higher consumer acceptance compared to fermented whey without flavor. In conclusion, the addition of both natural and artificial citrus flavorings to fermented whey served to enhance its sensory aspect and elevate consumer acceptance.
A study of the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of spiced shredded chili
Authors: Sunarmani  , Agustinisari Iceu , Setyadjit  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chili are horticultural commodities with a high economic value and fluctuating prices. A large harvest of chilis is usually not followed by sufficient demand for the product in the market; therefore, the selling price is low. This commodity is also susceptible to damage after harvesting. Processing chili shredded is an effort to increase its value and utilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic and chemical characteristics of chili shredded and processed with the addition of spices. In this study, spiced chili shredded was processed with four treatments: chili shredded without the addition of spices (control), chili shredded with the addition of cinnamon, chili shredded with the addition of nutmeg, and chili shredded with the addition of cinnamon and nutmeg. Organoleptic assessment includes color, flavor, taste, appearance, spiciness, and level of preference. The chemical analysis carried out includes water, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content. The results of the organoleptic assessment showed that chili shredded with the addition of nutmeg had the highest color value and level of spiciness and was the most preferred among other treatments. Chili shredded with nutmeg had a water content of 4.62%, protein content of 17.27%, fat content of 18.67%, ash content of 7.20%, and carbohydrate content of 52.25%.
Study on the quality and consumer acceptance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) flour-based dried noodle
Authors: Yulviatun A , Gea D C T T , Praseptiangga D , Anam C , Samanhudi  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sorghum is growing to become an alternative substitute of food ingredients for various food products. Supported by its productivity and high nutrient content, sorghum can be converted into flour, substituting wheat flour in food products, such as dried noodles. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical, physical, and sensory quality of sorghum-based dried noodles. The research was conducted by Complete Randomized Design of Experiment (CRD) with Two Factors: the variety of sorghum and the level of sorghum substitution. The combinations of variety and substitution levels used in this study were Numbu-30%, 45%, 60% and Super 2-30%, 45%, 60%. The increased proportion of sorghum flour in noodles formulation resulted in higher ash, fat, and carbohydrate content but lower water and protein content. In addition, substituting wheat flour with sorghum flour increased the swelling index of the dried noodles but resulted in a higher cooking loss. In terms of sensory acceptance evaluation, the higher level of sorghum substitution increased the colour’s acceptance score, while on the other hand, reduced the acceptance score for aroma, flavour, and texture attributes of dried noodles.
Histological characteristics of the Indigofera zollingeriana mutant 2 (M2) population resulting from gamma-ray irradiation grown in saline soil
Authors: Hutasoit R , Purba E , Ginting S P , Hanafi N D , Hanafiah D S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Indigofera zollingeriana plant has been used by Farmers as a feed plant, which contains high protein and is very good as a source of forage to increase livestock productivity. However, its development is constrained by the limited availability of land, so it is necessary to conduct research for its development on marginal land. This study aims to evaluate the effect of salinity on histological diversity of four populations of mutant 2 (M2) I. zollingeriana resulting from gamma-ray irradiation in saline fields. The study was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments of the M2 I. zollingeriana population resulting from gamma-ray irradiation with 6 replications. Plant population were irradiated at 0, 100, 200, and 300 gray. Parameters observed were: characteristics of stomata, tricoma and cuticle. The results showed that the diversity of stomata and cuticles were not significantly different in each treatment. However, the number of tricoma have a significant effect, namely on the parameter number of tricoma. The highest number of tricoma was found in the 200 gray with a number of 17. Significantly different from the other treatments (0, 100 and 300 gray) each obtained a total of 9.83, 12.17 and 11.67. It was concluded that the radiation dose at the 200 gray level has the genetic potential to be continued at the adaptation test stage to further support the formation of new salinity tolerant Indigofera varieties.
Supplementation of calliandra calothyrsus in basal fed affecting quality of sapera’s milk
Authors: Sempana A N , Christiyanto M , Nuswantoro L K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of calliandra calothyrsus powder supplemented with basal fed on milk quality in particular fat, solid non fat, lactose, and total solid. Twenty one early lactating sapera goats were assigned to 3 x 7 random group design. The dietary treatments consist of 0 %, 2.5% and 5% of Calliandra calothyrsus Powder (CCP) in the daily diet of the experimental goat. All goats were fed concentrate 1 kg DM and forage (6.8% fresh calliandra and pakchong grass in 35.38%) with the availability of water. The experiment lasted 50 d including 13 d of sampling period. Milk was taken on the last day of the treatment and was analyzed using a lactoscan to determine fat, total solid, lactose and solid non fat. Goats given 2.5% CCP produced significantly higher total solid and solid non fat content gr/day/goat milk (P < 0.05) than those given 0% and 5% CCP. The results also showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fat content gr/day/goat of milk in dietary treatments. It is concluded that legume supplementation of 2.5% CCP can increase fat, lactose, solid non fat and total solid of sapera goats.
Comparison of carcass and non-carcass weight percentage between IPB-D2 chickens and IPB-D3 chickens at different slaughter age
Authors: Rahman WN , Darwati S , Sumantri C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The IPB-D1 chicken, as a new species of local chicken, is an effort to improve the genetic quality of Indonesia’s local chickens. Chicken IPB-D2 and IPB-D3 incubators of chicken IPB-D1 were selected for special breed chicken IPB-D1. The study aims to provide information, review, and compare the percentage of weight of carcass and non-carcass in chicken galleys IPB-D2 and IPB-D3 at different slaughter ages. Chickens used up to 30 roosters each. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and t-test results showing the percentage of rooster weight in the IPB-D2 G4 rooster was smaller than in the IPB-D3 G2 rooster. Non-carcass rooster IPB-D2 G4 was greater than a rooster IPB-D3 G2. The chicken IPB-D3 has a distinct chance of becoming a male and flesh-producing hen. The IPB-D2 chicken has an excellent opportunity as a female trowel.
Correlation Between Consumption of Nutrient with Milk Production and Milk Quality in Dairy Cow
Authors: Adyatama A , Muktiani A , Samsudewa D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between consumption of nutrient with milk production and milk quality in dairy cow. Twenty-five dairy cows were used in this research. The dairy cows with 1-3 months of lactation were used in this research. Parameter consumption of nutrient which were used in this research was dry matter, crude protein, total digestible nutrient, calcium and phosphor. Correlation and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed strong correlation coefficient and regression equation of consumption of nutrient with milk production (0.618 and Y = 48.675 + 3.95X), milk lactose (0.659 and Y = 6.543 + 0.63X), fat of milk (0.711 and Y = 18.809 + 1.156X) and milk protein (0.659 and Y = 5.313 + 0.579X). Consuming sufficient nutrients to meet the needs of dairy cows can optimize milk production and milk quality.
The Effect of Fermented Soybean Meal on The Growth Performance of Kampong Chickens
Authors: Akhirini N , Suprayogi W P S , Saraswati P N , Darmawan M A , Saputro W S , Setyono W , Yano A A , Irawan A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of dietary soybean meal (SBM) fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger on the performance of kampong chickens measured at eight weeks. Ninety birds at 21 d (210±3.69 gram) were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly separated into three treatment groups consisting of six replicates, with five birds per replicate. The treatments were without steam conditioning and fermentation (P0), where the two other groups were fermented with Bacillus subtilis (P1) and Aspergillus niger (P2). Basal diets were based on corn-soybean with crude protein (CP) of 16% and metabolism energy (ME) of 2800 Kcal. The result showed that dietary SBM fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger increased average daily gain (ADG), final body weight (BW), and decreased feed conversion when compared to control (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggested that replacing SBM with fermented soybean meal increased performance without negatively affecting the feed intake of kampong chickens.
Optimizing the feasibility of polyvinyl alcohol-potassium iodine gel for medical dosimeter
Authors: Rabaeh Khalid A , Qawouq Ruba K A , Eyadeh Molham M , Shatnawi Moneeb T M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work aims to improve the post stabilty of reusable potassium iodide hydrogel dosimter. A reusable and low-cost radiochromic dosimeter containing a gel matrix of polyvinyl alcohol, potassium iodide dye, froctose as reducing agent and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent was developed for dose calibration in radiotherapy. The gel samples were exposed to different absorbed doses using a medical linear acceleration. UV–vis Spectrophotometry was utilized to investigate the changes in optical-properties of irradiated gels with regard to peak wavelength of 353 nm. The stability of the gel (one of the most limitation of using this dosimeter) was improved significantly by the addition of certain concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide. The two-dimensional optical imaging system of charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera with a uniform RGB light-emitting-diode (LED) array source was used for diffusion coefficient purpose using two dimensional gel template. The value of diffusion coefficient reported is significant and highly reduced compared with other dosimeters reported in the literatures. Moreover, heating the improved gels to certain temperatures results in resetting their optical properties, which makes it possible to reuse for multiple times.
The Impact of Vaginoplasty on Female and Male Sexual Function and Satisfaction
Authors: Aglamis Savas Ozgur , Asfuroglu Ahmet , Koudonas Antonios 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The association of vaginal laxity with female sexual function is clinically significant. Male sexual pleasure can also be affected by vaginal laxity.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vaginoplasty on a cohort of women who underwent this procedure for indications of vaginal laxity/impaired sexual function. The sexual satisfaction of partners after vaginal tightening was also evaluated.

Methods
Fifty women who underwent vaginoplasty and their male partners (n = 50) were included in the study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were administered to female patients 3 months before and after the treatment. In addition, the sexual function of male partners was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) 3 months before and after the treatment. A 5-question questionnaire inquiring about pleasure status, scored on a 4-point Likert scale, was administered to the male partners.

Results
The posttreatment STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores of the female patients were statistically significantly lower than their pretreatment scores (52.5 vs 32, P &lt; .001; 56 vs 44, P &lt; .001, respectively). The posttreatment FSFI score of the female patients was significantly higher than their pretreatment score (19.2 vs 29.7, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the sexual function of males and females, and additionally, a significant decrease in the indices of temporary anxiety levels and the inherent predisposition for anxiety disorders after vaginoplasty.

Level of Evidence: 4
Reduced IFNL1 and/or IFNL2, but not IFNL3 is associated with worse outcome in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Woods Elena , Mena Adriana , Sierpinska Sophie , Carr Emily , STTAR Bioresource  , Hagan Richard , Crowley John , Bergin Colm , Clark David , Brophy Caroline , Macallan Derek , Gardiner Clair M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The recent pandemic was caused by the emergence of a new human pathogen, SARS-CoV-2. While the rapid development of many vaccines provided an end to the immediate crisis, there remains an urgent need to understand more about this new virus and what constitutes a beneficial immune response in terms of successful resolution of infection. Indeed, this is key for development of vaccines that provide long lasting protective immunity. The interferon lambda (IFNL) family of cytokines are produced early in response to infection and are generally considered anti-viral and beneficial. However, data regarding production of IFNL cytokines in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is highly variable, and generally from underpowered studies. In this study, we measured all three IFNL1, IFNL2, and IFNL3 cytokines in plasma from a well characterized, large COVID-19 cohort (n = 399) that included good representation from patients with a more indolent disease progression, and hence a beneficial immune response. While all three cytokines were produced, they differed in both the frequency of expression in patients, and the levels produced. IFNL3 was produced in almost all patients but neither protein level nor IFNL3/IFNL4 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with clinical outcome. In contrast, both IFNL1 and IFNL2 levels were significantly lower, or absent, in plasma of patients that had a more severe disease outcome. These data are consistent with the concept that early IFNL1 and IFNL2 cytokine production is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Sperm collection and characteristics analysis of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)
Authors: Li Yongzheng , Hua Yan , Xiang Zuofu , Xu Xuelin , Zhang Sunxiya , Wang Xianghe , An Fuyu , Ren Zhenyu , Wang Kai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered species. However, there is a paucity of research on the male reproductive gamete biology of this species. The present study was the first to systematically analyse the sperm characterization of the Chinese pangolin, including semen collection, sperm morphometry and ultrastructure. The semen of five male Chinese pangolins was successfully collected using the electroejaculation method. CASA (computer-assisted sperm analysis) was used to assess semen quality and take images for sperm morphometric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for sperm ultrastructure observation. The results showed that the semen of the Chinese pangolin was yellow to pale yellow in colour, viscous, with a fishy odour, and a slightly alkaline pH of between 7.7 and 7.9. The head defects were the main sperm defects; there were 13 kinds of head defects counted in this study. The total sperm length, head length, head width and tail length were 67.62 ± 0.21 μm, 10.47 ± 0.06 μm, 1.33 ± 0.006 μm and 57.16 ± 0.20 μm, respectively. SEM observed that the spermatozoa had a rod-shaped head with a distinct apical ridge, which was different from most mammals and similar to that in avians and reptiles. Interestingly, TEM found that the acrosome membrane of the Chinese pangolin had a double membrane structure rather than a multiple bi-lamellar membrane structure as reported by the previous study. Collectively, this study contributes to the development of artificial breeding efforts and assisted reproductive techniques for the Chinese pangolin, as well as providing technical support for research on germplasm conservation of this species.
Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Is Associated With Increased Drug Persistence in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Intravenous Vedolizumab
Authors: Porth Rachel , Deyhim Tina , Zullow Samantha , Rabinowitz Loren G , Grossberg Laurie B , Roblin Xavier , Paul Stephane , Cheifetz Adam S , Papamichael Konstantinos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
There are limited data regarding therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of non-anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of proactive TDM in IBD patients treated with intravenous (iv) vedolizumab (VDZ).

Methods
This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive IBD patients treated with maintenance iv VDZ therapy undergoing TDM from November 2016 to March 2023. Patients were followed through June 2023 and were divided in to 2 groups: those who had at least 1 proactive TDM vs those who underwent only reactive TDM. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate drug persistence, defined as no need for drug discontinuation due to loss of response, serious adverse event, or an IBD-related surgery.

Results
The study population consisted of 94 patients (proactive TDM, n = 72) with IBD (ulcerative colitis, n = 53). Patients undergoing at least 1 proactive TDM compared with patients having only reactive TDM demonstrated a higher cumulative probability of drug persistence (Log-rank P &lt; .001). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, at least 1 proactive TDM was the only factor associated with drug persistence (hazard ratio, 14.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-50; P &lt; .001). A ROC analysis identified a VDZ concentration of 12.5 µg/mL as the optimal drug concentration threshold associated with drug persistence (area under the ROC curve: 0.691; 95% CI, 0.517-0.865; P = .049).

Conclusion
In this single-center retrospective study reflecting real-life clinical practice, proactive TDM was associated with increased drug persistence in patients with IBD treated with iv VDZ.
The Tyranny of Supply: Natural Resources and Rebel Territorial Control in Civil Conflicts
Authors: Aronson Jacob , Kikuta Kyosuke , Findley Michael , Walsh James Igoe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The logic of territorial control is central to the study of internal conflict. Existing studies consider the consequences of territorial control without answering a critical question: what motivates rebel territorial control in the first place? Territorial control requires careful explanation. While it confers important benefits it is also costly to achieve and exposes rebels to state attack. This paper argues that benefits exceed costs when territorial control provides rebels with a reliable source of organizational supply. High-value lootable natural resources—resources available in abundance that are easy to extract and transport for sale—represent key components of a rebel's supply chain. To test the theory's implications, we introduce new cross- and sub-national time-series data on territorial control in sub-Saharan Africa and couple it with a new dataset of local natural resource values. We use an instrumental variable approach to address core endogeneity concerns. Results both substantiate our theoretical approach and provide evidence running contrary to existing arguments. These findings demonstrate that valuable natural resources, logistical supply constraints, and, more broadly, rebel military strategy, are critically important and need to be incorporated into work on civil war, territorial control, and rebel governance.
Spatial heterogeneity and functional zonation of living tissues and organs in situ
Authors: Miyamoto Yu , Ishii Masaru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In most organs, resources such as nutrients, oxygen and physiologically active substances are unevenly supplied within the tissue spaces. Consequently, different tissue functions are exhibited in each space. This spatial heterogeneity of tissue environments arises depending on the spatial arrangement of nutrient vessels and functional vessels, leading to continuous changes in the metabolic states and functions of various cell types from regions proximal to these vessels to distant regions. This phenomenon is referred to as ‘zonation’. Traditional analytical methods have made it difficult to investigate this zonation in detail. However, recent advancements in intravital imaging, spatial transcriptomics and single-cell transcriptomics technologies have facilitated the discovery of ‘zones’ in various organs and elucidated their physiological roles. Here, we outline the spatial differences in the immune system within each zone of organs. This information provides a deeper understanding of organs’ immune systems.