bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the global carbon and water cycles through vegetation structural and physiological dynamics
Authors: Li Wantong , Duveiller Gregory , Wieneke Sebastian , Forkel Matthias , Gentine Pierre , Reichstein Markus , Niu Shuli , Migliavacca Mirco , Orth Rene 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vegetation plays an essential role in regulating carbon and water cycles, e.g. by taking up atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis and by transferring soil water to the atmosphere through transpiration. Vegetation function is shaped by its structure and physiology: vegetation structure is determined by the amount of materials for plants and how it is organised in space and time, while vegetation physiology controls the instantaneous response of vegetation function to environmental conditions. Recognizing and disentangling these aspects of vegetation is key to understanding and predicting the response of the terrestrial biosphere to global change. This is now possible, as comprehensive measurements from Earth observations, both from satellites and the ground, provide invaluable data and information. This review introduces and describes vegetation structure and physiology, and summarises, compares, and contextualises recent literature to illustrate the state of the art in monitoring vegetation dynamics, quantifying large-scale vegetation physiology, and investigating vegetation regulation on the changes of global carbon and water fluxes. This includes results from remote sensing, in-situ measurements, and model simulations, used either to study the response of vegetation structure and physiology to global change, or to study the feedback of vegetation to global carbon and water cycles. We find that observation-based work is underrepresented compared with model-based studies. We therefore advocate further work to make better use of remote sensing and in-situ measurements, as they promote the understanding of vegetation dynamics from a fundamental data-driven perspective. We highlight the usefulness of novel and increasing satellite remote sensing data to comprehensively investigate the structural and physiological dynamics of vegetation on the global scale, and to infer their influence on the land carbon sink and terrestrial evaporation. We argue that field campaigns can and should complement large-scale analyses together with fine spatio-temporal resolution satellite remote sensing to infer relevant ecosystem-scale processes.
The quality of pliek-u processed by using adaptive technologies
Authors: Khathir R , Yunita  , Hartuti S , Rahmawati M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of pliek-u processed by using adaptive technologies namely a solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim Aceh for drying pliek-u and a hydraulic press for separating the pliek oil from pliek-u. About 100 coconuts were grated and fermented for 9days, then dried by using a solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim Aceh and pressed by the hydraulic press. Parameters observed were moisture, total acidity, acidity, fat content, ash content, and yield. An organoleptic test was also conduct on 30 consumers. Results showed that the moisture of pliek-u ranged from 8.61 to 12.29%. The total acidity and pH-value of pliek-u were 0.52% and 5.5, respectively. Pliek-u has fat content about 43.65% and ash content approximately 5.3%, while the yield of pliek-u was 31.33%. The consumer test showed that the average preferences score of pliek-u for all sensory properties were 4 (like). In conclusion, the quality of pliek-u processed by using adaptive technologies were good as it was processed conventionally. Moreover, some quality properties such as pH-value and fat content can be improved so that the shelf-life of pliek-u could be extended.
Nutritional content of complementary feeding instant kanji rumbi porridge with the addition of quail egg flour
Authors: Suryana S , Marliyati SA , Khomsan A , Dwiriani CM 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Kanji Rumbi porridge is an Acehnese traditional local food. The limitations of this complementary food are incomplete nutritional and long processing, so it requires innovation in development. Kanji Rumbi potentialy to become an instant complementary food through drying processing. Objective: analyze the effect of instant Kanji Rumbi porridge with drum drying method on nutritional content. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experiment with two replications. The research was carried out in August-September 2023, at the Food Processing and Experimentation Laboratory of the Department of Public Nutrition, IPB, instantiated at the IPB Seafast Laboratory and nutritional analysis at the Saraswanti Indo Genetech (SIG) Laboratory, Bogor. Data analysis used the Paired t-test (p<0.05). The instant Kanji Rumbi product has a yield value of 25%. There were significant differences in the nutritional content of fresh and instant Kanji Rumbi in terms of water content, energy, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, Vitamin A, sodium, zinc, iron. There was no significant difference in ash, protein, iodine and calcium levels. Most of the nutritional content of instant Kanji Rumbi is higher than fresh porridge.
Extraction of patchouli essential oil using multi-injection steam distillation
Authors: Arliani R , Machdar I , Kurnia N S , Bakar A , Husni  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Patchouli essential oil is typically obtained through traditional batch distillation, a process involving the introduction of a sole stream of steam at the base of the tank or column, followed by the condensation of the resulting vapor at the top of the tank. In a quest to explore the impact of the multiple injection steam method on both the yield and quality of the oil product, a comparison with the conventional single injection steam approach was conducted. The research variables encompassed different steam valve openings. The findings revealed that the steam valve openings indeed played a role in affecting the yield of the oil product. Curiously, the utilization of the multiple injection steam method yielded a somewhat lower oil output compared to the single injection steam approach. Specifically, with varying steam valve openings, the average yield for the multiple injection steam method hovered around 2.6%. In contrast, the single injection steam method consistently demonstrated a superior average yield of about 3.9%. Intriguingly, an examination of the essential components of patchouli oil, particularly the patchouli alcohol content, indicated no marked disparity between the two methods. This suggests that the utilization of the multiple injection steam method did not substantially alter the essential oil’s composition.
Morphological relationship of coffee varieties (Coffea spp.) arabica and robusta in Pondok Gajah Experimental Garden Bener Meriah
Authors: Harnelly E , Heriansyah F , Iqbar  , Ramlan R R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coffee is one of the plantation commodities with a high economic value among other plantation crops and plays an important role as a source of foreign exchange. Indonesian coffee is classified into two types of coffee, namely arabica coffee and robusta coffee. According to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province (2019), the area of coffee plantations in Aceh reached 123,749 ha with a production of 68,493 tons. About 85% of the land area is planted with arabica coffee, while the rest is planted with robusta coffee. This study analyzes the morphological relationships of various Arabica and Robusta coffee plant varieties at the Gayo Experimental Garden, Pondok Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh Province. Samples of coffee varieties were selected by purposive sampling method. The morphological characters observed were 25 on stem organs, leaves, flowers, fruits, and beans. Data analysis was conducted using the NTSYS program and presented as a dendrogram. The results showed that eleven coffee varieties were grouped into four groups. The variety that has the furthest kinship is Mocca Yaman, with a coefficient value of 0.58. The varieties with the closest kinship are C 48 and C 49, with a coefficient value of 0.84. These two varieties have similarities in the 19 observed morphological characters.
Assessing solvent impact on Moringa oleifera seed cake nutrition: towards sustainable food and feed production
Authors: Hayuningtyas I R , Al Hafidl A N , Qoyimmah A M , Perdana S S P , Lamdari E Y R , Rachmawati Y , Astuti R W , Parawestri P D , Kusumawati N , Saputri R D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Moringa oleifera seed cake, a byproduct of oil extraction, represents a valuable resource for animal and human nutrition. However, solvent selection during extraction significantly influences the cake’s composition. This study aims to evaluates Moringa seed cakes extracted with ethanol, methanol, and hexane, employing proximate analysis, metal content assessment, and microbial testing. The drying process involved hexane seed cake at 55°C, and ethanol and methanol cakes at 70°C for one hour. Proximate analysis indicates that all seed cakes surpass quality standards (SNI, 3571-2009) for ash and crude protein. Hexane seed cake, distinguished by the highest ash (6.4972%) and crude protein (42.1169%), is identified as suitable for bakery and snacks, featuring optimal calcium (0.9697%) and minimal crude fiber (1.9386%), aligning with chicken feed standards (SNI, 8173.2:2015). Methanol seed cake, rich in crude fat (15.7618%) and calories (6549.89 Kcal/Kg), proves suitable for fishery feed. Ethanol seed cake, abundant in crude fiber (30.0319%), is advantageous for calf feed and serves as a foundational ingredient in bakery and snacks. Metal content and microbial contamination adhere to Indonesian standards (SNI, 3751-2009) and (SNI, 3148.2:2009), solidifying Moringa seed cake as a viable alternative across diverse applications.
Kangkung microgreen growth analysis under T5 LED lighting using solar PV
Authors: Syukriyadin S , Sara I D , Syahrizal S , Fauzan M , Fajri M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The T5 LED lamp is one form of LED light that can be utilized for indoor microgreen growing. The T5 LED lamp has various advantages, such as great energy efficiency and a long lifespan, and they do not emit excessive heat. This research intends to analyze the growth rate of kangkung (Ipomoea reptans poir) utilizing a T5 LED lamp as the light source. The research was carried out through an experimental design. Kangkung microgreen plants were placed under a T5 LED lamp, positioned 50 cm below the lamp’s surface, and connected to the voltage output supply from solar PV. The results showed that the average value of root growth rate was 26% per day, stem length growth rate was 26% per day, leaf width growth rate was 3.74% per day, leaf length growth rate was 23% per day, petiole length growth rate was 29% per day, the stem diameter growth rate is 4% per day, and the wet weight growth rate is 1.42% per day.
Improvement in the physical quality of genotype G1 arabica coffee beans as a result of applying rice husk ash and KCl fertilizer
Authors: Karim A , Hifnalisa H , Jufri Y , Hidayanti H , Rosmaiti R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Arabica Gayo coffee has earned global acclaim for its exceptional flavor profile. Its exports primarily consist of green coffee beans, making the physical quality a crucial criterion. Several factors are considered in assessing the physical quality of coffee beans, including shape (normal, single, and damaged) beans as well as size. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the improvement in the genotype G1 arabica coffee beans physical quality through the potassium from rice husk ash and KCI fertilizer. A total of 132 genotype G1 arabica coffee were selected randomly with specific criteria including eight years of age, a 2.5 m x 2.5 m planting distance, well-pruned, grown under shade from lamtoro trees with slightly dense density, and adequately maintained. Moreover, a non-factorial randomized block design was used. The treatments comprised a control, and the potassium application at doses of 29, 58, 87, 116, and 145 kg K2O ha−1 from KCl fertilizer (containing 58% K2O) and rice husk ash (containing 2% K2O), totaling 11 treatment units. Each unit was replicated four times and consisted of three coffee trees, resulting in a total of 132. The research results showed that the potassium fertilizer application from both KCl and rice husk ash increased the 100 beans weight (water content 14-18%), the normal beans percentage, single beans, small and medium beans size, but can reduce the damaged beans percentage and large beans size. The application of 250 kg ha−1 KCl, equivalent to 156.25 g of KCl per coffee trees was found to be the best potassium fertilizer dose for improving all the quality variables of genotype G1 Arabica coffee beans.
Risk analysis of crab peeling business: a case study at miniplant Medan I Deli Serdang
Authors: Annisa Y , Sulaiman M I , Ridha  
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Portunus pelagicus also known as also known as the blue crab, blue swimmer crab, blue manna crab or sand crab is a species of large crab found in the Indo-Pacific, including off the coasts of Indonesia. The crab peeling industry represents an attractive business opportunity in the seafood sector, with growing demand for processed crab meat. Miniplant Medan I is a business located in north Sumatra which specializing in crab peeling to obtain quality crab meat. However, like any business venture, it is not without its inherent risks. This study aims to identify, assess, and evaluate potential risks, uncertainties, and hazards that can affect the crab peeling business Miniplant Medan I. Risk measurement in this study is carried out using the PIM (Probability Impact Matrix) method. The result shows that the highest risk factors in the Miniplant Medan I business are overexploitation of crab’s eggs and small sizes crab, employee negligence in the use of prohibited cosmetic ingredients, use of low-quality raw materials, cold chain disconnection, lack of employee and equipment sanitation.
Enhancing coffee sensory quality: unleashing synergistic effects of selected microorganism starter cultures and ohmic heating technology
Authors: Silamba I. , Salengke S. , Adiansyah  , Hasizah A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The sensory characteristics of coffee play a pivotal role in determining its consumer appeal and global market potential. The flavor quality of coffee is influenced by a range of factors, including genetic attributes, geographic variables, agricultural practices, and post-harvest processes. Among these, the post-harvest phase, which includes fermentation, stands out as a critical determinant of coffee quality. Notably, controlled wet fermentation techniques and the introduction of specialized starter cultures have demonstrated a significant capacity to enhance the flavor and unique sensory profiles of coffee, capturing the interest of consumers. Utilizing yeast cultures, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii, alongside lactic acid bacteria like Lactobacillus sp., has been scientifically substantiated as a means to elevate coffee quality. The application of ohmic heating technology during the coffee fermentation process presents an innovative approach to maintaining the fermentation process at the desired temperature. When synergistically applied in tandem with carefully selected microorganism starter cultures, this approach holds the promise of delivering a substantial enhancement in coffee quality.
Optimization of coffee vinegar production from cherry Pulp as by product of arabica coffee processing
Authors: Martunis  , Zakaria S. , Sulaiman M.I , Munawar A.A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current high consumption of coffee globally has an impact on the abundance of by-products of coffee processing in the form of cherry pulp which are considered waste and cause environmental problems. The waste from arabica coffee is potential economic value products such as fermented vinegar because of its rich nutrients. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal conditions for acetic acid fermentation and the influence of yeast concentration and nitrogen sources fermented for 60 days. The research was carried out in two stages of fermentation using the Orleans method. Anaerobic alcohol fermentation (20 days) followed by aerobic acetic acid fermentation (40 days). A Randomized Block Factorial Design was used with 2 factors, namely yeast concentration (S15%and S210%) and NPK (N10g, N25g, and N310g), repeated 3 times. Observations on alcoholic fermentation were carried out every 5 days for 20 days regarding ethanol levels. Meanwhile, in acetic acid fermentation, 2.5% vinegar starter was added for each treatment and observations were made every 10 days for 40 days regarding the yield, acetic acid content, pH value and total dissolved solids. The results showed that the highest formation of acetic acid was obtained on day 30 of fermentation. The highest acetic acid content was obtained in the treatment S210%: N25gof 5.27%, pH value of 3.46, TSS value of 0.49 °Bx with a total yield of 42.93%. This is in line with the ethanol content previously formed on day 20 of 11.04% in the same treatment. This value meets the quality standards for fermented vinegar according to SNI 01-4371-1996 by at least 4%.
Gayo horse’s estrogen concentration after pospartum silent heat therapy using intramuscularly vitamin A, D, E
Authors: Melia J , Sarah R A , Rahmi E , Dasrul D , Sofyan H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Silent heat is a condition in which livestock does not show symptoms of heat but physiologically estrus occurs due to low concentrations of the estrogen. Vitamins are small organic compounds that are needed by horses for the process of development, reproduction, and activity. Vitamin preparations are easily obtained and economically for breeders. This research aimed to observe differences in estrogen concentrations in postpartum silent heat gayo horses before and after therapy using intramuscularly vitamins A, D, E. Four of six gayo mares suspected of postpartum silent heat after diagnosis using ultrasound were used in this study. Four gayo mares were divided into two groups, the control group (K1, n=1) was only injected with NaCl and the therapy group (K2, n=3) was injected with vitamins A, D, E intramuscularly twice with an interval of one week. Blood plasma samples were collected before and after therapy for 7 days, then stored in the freezer at -20°C for analysis of estrogen concentrations using EIA. Data before and after therapy were analyzed using paired sample t-test and data between groups were reported descriptively. The results showed that the estrogen concentration of postpartum silent heat gayo horses in K1 was not significantly different (P>0.05) before and after NaCl injection (251.71±57.90 vs 255.56±84.14 pg/ml), while there was a significant difference in K2 (P<0.05) before and after vitamin A, D, E therapy (194.82±56.64 vs 557.11±96.55 pg/ml). Descriptively, there were differences in the concentration of the hormone estrogen in K1 and K2 after postpartum silent heat therapy. The conclusion is postpartum silent heat therapy using vitamins A, D, E in gayo horses can increase the concentration of the hormone estrogen in the estrous phase which has an impact on the appearance of estrus symptoms that is more clearly and easily observed by breeders.
Rapid and non-destructive prediction of moisture content on intact gayo coffee beans using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Moulana R , Zakaria S , Munawar A A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Presented work explores the potential of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid, non-destructive analytical method for predicting moisture content in intact Gayo coffee beans. The moisture content is an essential parameter affecting the quality, processing, and shelf life of coffee beans. While conventional moisture determination techniques involve invasive procedures and considerable time, NIRS emanates as an innovative technique offering non-invasive, swift analysis. Using a robust representative selection of Gayo coffee bean samples, we acquired numerous spectra and employed multivariate analysis to construct a calibration model correlating the spectral data with reference moisture values. The initial results exhibit a high correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 3, suggesting that the NIRS technique can effectively predict the moisture content within the beans. This research underpins the potential usage of NIRS which, if validated through further testing, could transform quality control operations in the coffee industry by offering a real-time, non-destructive approach for moisture content determination.
Influence of biochar application on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission under soybean crop
Authors: Darusman D , Syakur S , Zaitun Z , Vonna C D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Biochar, an organic solid produced through pyrolysis, exhibits promising potential as a soil amendment. The utilization of biochar as a soil amendment is geared towards the reduction of CO2 emissions and the sequestration of carbon in soil, thus playing a pivotal role in addressing climate change. This research was undertaken to quantify the extent of carbon emissions resulting from various biochar application treatments in soybean cultivation. The field study was structured in a randomized non-factorial design, encompassing five distinct biochar types: rice husk at application rates of 20 and 30 ton ha−1, pulai wood (Alstonia scholaris) at rates of 20 and 30 ton ha−1, and a control group serving as a reference. Each treatment was replicated three times. The quantification of greenhouse gas emissions involved the utilization of a CO2 gas detector (Digital type HT-2000) placed within a chamber measuring 66 cm x 46 cm x 78 cm. The findings elucidated that the application of biochar had a discernible influence on the levels of CO2 gas emissions. Specifically, the application of 30 ton ha−1 of rice husk and 20 ton ha−1 of pulai wood yielded higher emissions in comparison to the control group. This phenomenon is attributed to the favorable environment created by biochar within wetter soil conditions, fostering the proliferation of microorganisms, and subsequently contributing to increased emissions through microbial respiration.
Architectural Study of Colonial Building Facades in Indentifying the Existence of Heritage Tourism in Bireuen City
Authors: Fitri Riza , Dewi Cut , Wulandari Elysa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Conservation of historycal buildings is one of the objectives of sustainable heritage tourism. Bireuen City is one of the cities that has historycal heritage during the dutch-colonial colonial period in the form of buildings and environments. The purpose of this historycal building conservation research is to provide education to the community in the Bireuen City environment, in an effort to form a sense of belonging to heritage tourism assets and build Environmental Awareness so that it can then encourage a sense of responsibility to maintain its sustainability. Unique, distinctive and characterful architecture can be observed on a number of building facades such as past buildings and become a continuous comparison of the value of construction resilience, adaptation to the environment, and natural disasters. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods with field observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of the study are the discovery of the heritage tourism area, identification of the physical identity of colonial architectural facades, historycal values of colonial architecture and education to the public