bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of naloxegol in patients with opioid‐induced constipation and laxative‐inadequate response
Authors: Tack Jan , Lappalainen Jaakko , Diva Ulysses , Tummala Raj , Sostek Mark 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundTreatment options for patients with opioid‐induced constipation (OIC) and inadequate response to laxatives (LIR) are few.ObjectiveAssess the efficacy and safety of orally administered naloxegol in patients with prospectively confirmed OIC and LIRMethodsWe analyzed pooled data from two identical randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 trials of naloxegol in patients with non‐cancer pain, OIC and LIR in which naloxegol (12.5 mg, n  = 240; 25 mg, n  = 241) or placebo (n  = 239) were administered daily. We assessed the response rates, time to first post‐dose laxation, spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), OIC symptoms and patient‐reported outcomes over 12 weeks.ResultsOIC response rates for the naloxegol 25‐mg (p  < 0.001) and the 12.5‐mg (p  = 0.005) LIR dose groups were higher than placebo. Median times to first post‐dose SBM were 7.6, 19.2 and 41.1 hours for the naloxegol 25 mg, naloxegol 12.5 mg and placebo groups, respectively. Other SBM measures, daily symptoms of OIC, and both the Patient Assessment of Constipation ‐ Symptoms and Patient Assessment of Constipation‐Quality of Life scores improved from baseline with naloxegol treatment. Changes from baseline in opioid dose, pain scores and opioid withdrawal scores were similar among treatment groups.ConclusionsNaloxegol was efficacious, generally safe and well tolerated in the patients with OIC and LIR, while preserving opioid analgesia.ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01309841; NCT01323790
Multicenter survey on the use of device‐assisted enteroscopy in Portugal
Authors: Pinho Rolando , Mascarenhas‐Saraiva Miguel , Mão‐de‐Ferro Susana , Ferreira Sara , Almeida Nuno , Figueiredo Pedro , Rodrigues Adélia , Cardoso Hélder , Marques Margarida , Rosa Bruno , Cotter José , Vilas‐Boas Germano , Cardoso Carla , Salgado Marta , Marcos‐Pinto Ricardo 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundDevice‐assisted enteroscopies (DAEs) are recent endoscopic techniques that enable direct endoscopic small‐bowel evaluation.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to evaluate the implementation of DAEs in Portugal and assess the main indications, diagnoses, diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield and complication rate.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective series using a national Web‐based survey on behalf of the Portuguese Small‐Bowel Study Group. Participants were asked to fill out two online databases regarding procedural data, indications, diagnoses, endoscopic therapy and complications using prospectively collected institutional data records.ResultsA total of eight centers were enrolled in the survey, corresponding to 1411 DAEs. The most frequent indications were obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), inflammatory bowel disease and small‐bowel tumors. The pooled diagnostic yield was 63%. A relation between the diagnostic yield and the indications was clear, with a diagnostic yield for OGIB of 69% (p  = 0.02) with a 52% therapeutic yield. Complications occurred in 1.2%, with a major complication rate of 0.57%. Perforations occurred in four patients (0.28%).ConclusionDAEs are safe and effective procedures, with complication rates of 1.2%, the most serious of which is perforation. Most procedures are performed in the setting of OGIB. Diagnostic and therapeutic yields are dependent on the indication, hence appropriate patient selection is crucial.
Platelet-derived Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 is implicated in ICAM-1/VCAM-1–mediated neutrophilic acute lung inflammation
Authors: Guo Yujie , Mishra Amarjit , Howland Emily , Zhao Chunling , Shukla Dhananjay , Weng Tingting , Liu Lin 
Published: September 2015

Key Points
Platelet-derived Dkk1 is the major Wnt antagonist that suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling during acute lung inflammation. Intratracheal administration of Wnt3a or neutralization of Dkk1 inhibited neutrophil influx into the lungs.
A randomised, placebo-controlled study of the CXCR2 antagonist AZD5069 in bronchiectasis
Authors: De Soyza Anthony , Pavord Ian , Elborn J. Stuart , Smith David , Wray Heather , Puu Margareta , Larsson Bengt , Stockley Robert 
Published: September 2015

This randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group multicentre phase IIa study evaluated the effect of the CXCR2 antagonist AZD5069 on sputum neutrophil counts in adults with bronchiectasis.Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive AZD5069 80 mg or placebo orally twice daily for 28 days. Assessments included blood cell counts, inflammatory markers in blood, morning spontaneous sputum, lung function, safety and tolerability and patients completed daily BronkoTest diary cards. The primary outcome measure was the change in absolute sputum neutrophil count.Of 52 randomised patients, 45 completed treatment, 20 (76.9%) out of 26 receiving AZD5069 and 25 (96.2%) out of 26 receiving placebo. AZD5069 reduced the absolute neutrophil cell count in morning sputum by 69%versusplacebo (p=0.004); percentage sputum neutrophil count was reduced by 36% (p=0.008). The number of infections/exacerbations was similar with AZD5069 and placebo (nineversuseight), but these led to more study discontinuations with AZD5069 (fourversuszero). Sputum interleukin (IL)-6 and growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-α and serum GRO-α, IL-1ß and IL-8 levels increased with AZD5069versusplacebo (all p<0.001), while serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels did not change. AZD5069 was well tolerated.AZD5069 markedly reduced absolute sputum neutrophil counts in bronchiectasis patients, although this was not associated with improvements in clinical outcomes in this exploratory study.
Rapid maturation of the muscle biochemistry that supports diving in Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)
Authors: Noren Shawn R. , Jay Chadwick V. , Burns Jennifer M. , Fischbach Anthony S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPhysiological constraints dictate animals’ ability to exploit habitats. For marine mammals, it is important to quantify physiological limits that influence diving and their ability to alter foraging behaviors. We characterized age-specific dive limits of walruses by measuring anaerobic (acid-buffering capacity) and aerobic (myoglobin content) capacities of the muscles that power hind (longissimus dorsi) and fore (supraspinatus) flipper propulsion. Mean buffering capacities were similar across muscles and age classes (a fetus, five neonatal calves, a 3 month old and 20 adults), ranging from 41.31 to 54.14 slykes and 42.00 to 46.93 slykes in the longissimus and supraspinatus, respectively. Mean myoglobin in the fetus and neonatal calves fell within a narrow range (longissimus: 0.92–1.68 g 100 g−1 wet muscle mass; supraspinatus: 0.88–1.64 g 100 g−1 wet muscle mass). By 3 months post-partum, myoglobin in the longissimus increased by 79%, but levels in the supraspinatus remained unaltered. From 3 months post-partum to adulthood, myoglobin increased by an additional 26% in the longissimus and increased by 126% in the supraspinatus; myoglobin remained greater in the longissimus compared with the supraspinatus. Walruses are unique among marine mammals because they are born with a mature muscle acid-buffering capacity and attain mature myoglobin content early in life. Despite rapid physiological development, small body size limits the diving capacity of immature walruses and extreme sexual dimorphism reduces the diving capacity of adult females compared with adult males. Thus, free-ranging immature walruses likely exhibit the shortest foraging dives while adult males are capable of the longest foraging dives.
The impact of TAVI on vascular complications incidence: a literature review
Authors: Nwosu Winifred Onyinyechi , Shuldham Caroline 
Published: September 2015

Aim:This article provides a literature review on the post-procedural outcomes of patients who have undergone transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).Background:TAVI is a less invasive treatment option than surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis in the UK has a prevalence rate of 5% in people aged 75 and over. Access sites used for TAVI procedures include trans-aortic, subclavian, carotid, apical (TA) and femoral (TF) ( National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2012 ). Transfemoral TAVI access sites were previously closed using an open surgical access technique (closure of the skin using sutures). However, over the years, the use of percutaneous access closure devices such as Perclose Proglide has increased. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the literature that assesses the postoperative vascular complications in patients who undergo TAVI.Conclusion:This review highlights the importance of measuring patients' post-procedural outcomes, as well as the need for increased confidence and competence in all health professionals in their provision of care to patients, and more evidence-based care.Relevance to clinical practice:Nurses can improve patient care by observing the patient and ensuring their safety following the TAVI procedure. They should therefore be competent in recognising any major or minor vascular complications after transfemoral TAVI and assessing their significance.
Predictors of the 6-minute walk test in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Pepera Garyfallia , Ingle Lee , Sandercock Gavin RH 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) is a simple, inexpensive measure used to evaluate functional capacity in heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to identify routinely made predictors of 6-MWT performance and develop a prediction equation in the HF population. Methods: Seventy-one patients with HF (82% males and 18% females; mean age 76 ± 9 years), enrolled in a chronic disease assessment programme and completed the standardised 6-MWT. Measurements of stature, weight, step length, ventricular function and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were recorded. Results: Mean distance walked was 305 ± 123 metres. Age and stature were the only variables which correlated significantly with test performance (r1=-0.422, r2=0.351, respectively, for p<0.005). Gender-specific regression equations using anthropometric data explained 40% and 52% of the variance in 6-MWT performance in males and females, respectively. Univariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (OR = 12.8, 95% CI = 1.46–112) and age ≥75 years (OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 1.3–18.8) were independent predictors of poor performance (<300 metres). Conclusion: Clinicians should take account of age, stature and BMI when interpreting results of the 6-MWT in patients with HF.
A Critical Appraisal of Debye Length in Clay-Electrolyte Systems
Authors: Bharat Tadikonda Venkata , Sridharan Asuri 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe equivalent diffuse double layer (DDL) thickness in clay-electrolyte systems is a very useful parameter for analyzing the engineering behavior of clays under different environmental conditions. The equivalent DDL thickness is generally assumed to be equal to the characteristic (Debye) length. The present work examined critically the applicability of characteristic length to define equivalent DDL thickness under various clay-surface and pore-fluid conditions. A critical analysis is presented of the changes in the equivalent DDL thickness and characteristic length under the influence of different clay-surface and electrolyte properties. The equivalent DDL thickness was found to be smaller than the characteristic length for a wide range of surface and pore-fluid parameters normally encountered in engineering practice. An accurate and simple power relationship was developed to predict the equivalent DDL thickness from the characteristic length, which is applicable to a wide range of clay-electrolyte systems.
Selling books and digital files: A comparative study of the sales of books and e-books in Sweden
Authors: Steiner Ann 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The book trade is going through wide-ranging changes pushed by digital technology and e-books, and there is considerable concern over the consequences this will have for literature, culture and reading. The article proposes that the present development can be compared with similar changes in the book trade in the past, and that the effects of sales of e-books might not be all-encompassing as has been feared. A comparison between sales in the Swedish book clubs in the 1970s and the Internet bookshops in the 1990s, offers a range of similarities and differences. These are then related to the e-book sales since 2010. While the e-book might be a disruptive technology, put in a historical perspective and in a Swedish context, it appears less radical and the impact not as far-reaching as has been predicted. The comparison with book clubs and Internet sales gives an indication of the structural changes to be expected and what aspects are fundamental and new.
Going digital: Changing the game of Danish publishing
Authors: Hjarvard Stig , Helles Rasmus 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article aims to analyse current transformations in the Danish book publishing industry in light of the convergence between the book and the broader media culture. We focus on changing relationships between actors (publishing houses, bookstores, etc.) in the trade book’s circuit of production, distribution and consumption. The development of the e-book challenges established routines of publishers, which must cope with new groups of actors in both the production and distribution of their products as well as new ways for readers to access and consume books. Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative interviews with key organizational actors in the Danish publishing industry and document studies of available industry information and statistics. On a theoretical level, the project combines organizational theory and institutional perspectives of mediatization in order to address the question of how the introduction of new media reconfigures old media industries. In particular, we focus on the interplay between book business actors’ perceptions of digital technology, the changing market conditions, and the possibilities this entails for them.
The convergence between the book and other media is enabled by ‘institutional entrepreneurs’, who import perceptions and practices from other media industries into book publishing. These changes at the organizational level also affect the balance between ‘market’ and ‘cathedral’ in the book publishing industry as a whole. The distinction between ‘brownfield’ and ‘greenfield’ development allows us to understand why existing players in the book market generally try to adapt to digital technologies in ways that do not put their existing businesses at risk, while newcomers may face fewer barriers to pursuing new technological opportunities.
Preliminary geoid mapping results by Fugro’s
improved Micro-g LaCoste turnkey airborne
gravity system
Authors: Zhong D. , Kingdon R. W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the Micro-g LaCoste
Turnkey Airborne Gravity System (TAGS) with Fugro’s improved
gravity processing and geoid modeling software
package for regional gravity field mapping and geoid determination.
Three test areas with different topographic
characteristics under the Gravity for the Redefinition of the
AmericanVertical Datum (GRAV-D) project of theUSNOAA
National Geodetic Surveys (NGS) were used for case studies
and determine the available accuracy of the system.
The preliminary results of all these test cases show that
the system with Fugro’s improved gravity and geoid processing
software package is able to achieve a comparable
geoid mapping result to traditional terrestrial methods.
Touristic development of the La Lopé National Park (Gabon) in light of the SWOT analysis
Authors: Jędrusik Maciej , Lisowski Andrzej , Mouketou-Tarazewicz Dieudonné , Ropivia Marc-Louis , Zagajewski Bogdan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the possibilities of touristic development of the La Lopé National Park and to indicate the most important barriers and limitations of the area exploitation. For this purpose a SWOT method was applied. This assignment presents the situation as of the end of 2014. The majority of the up-to-date data was collected during the mission, the purpose of which was to observe the region, and which was organized by Université Omar Bongo in Libreville and Warsaw University. The La Lopé National Park has a significant touristic potential which is very poorly used. The diagnose of the reasons for that can be an indicator for attempts to rationally use the resources of the region and present an appropriate development strategy.
Methods for Modeling Ecosystem Services: A Review
Authors: Olosutean Horea 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Modeling ecosystem services (ES) is an essential tool for the development of strategies that will ensure their future supply, provision and quantification. Given the rapid development in this area of research, a review of the different approaches used to model ES was performed, using an analytical framework based on five criteria for comparing the existing methodological approaches: the types of ES, availability of data sources, spatial scale, types of models used and the possible outcomes of the models. Regulating services were the most commonly modeled, followed by provisioning, cultural, and supporting services. The most frequently used data for modeling were secondary data (already available from scientific literature or data banks). Most studies were performed at the regional or at a global scale. Mechinicist models, based on state and flow equations, were the most commonly used method, but the survey showed a relatively homogeneous distribution of all the identified types of modeling. The synthesis reveals that the majority of studies are based on secondary data, applied at broad scales, without validation techniques, similar to the existing information regarding the mapping of ESs.
Assessment of Anthropogenic Ecological Systems in the Apold Depression to a Sustainable Management
Authors: Lengyel Ecaterina , Stegăruş Diana Ionela , Ciucure Corina Teodora , Tiţa Ovidiu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Apold Depression and especially the locality of Apoldu de Jos are mentioned in historical writings from the earliest times. It was mentioned in official documents as early as 1288 by the king of Hungary, Ladislaus IV the Cuman (1272- 1290). A community of free people, they harnessed their natural resources in such a way that they still have a good reputation. Sustainable management of this area is very important for viticulture and agriculture.
Due to its geographical position, the Apold Depression was always a favorable place for the cultivation of grapevine. The crops recorded the mark of a redox environment which favors the accumulation of free and bonded aromas in grapes. The research studies have shown that these aromas are clearly influenced by the geological structure of the area, soil composition, climate, exposure, slope, abundance of precipitations. All these give typicality to the wines of a vineyard (goût de terroir).
Steps of Sustainable Development Implementation into Enterprise Activities
Authors: Grabara Janusz , Bajdor Paula , Mihaescu Liviu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Nowadays, principles of the sustainable development concept are present in almost all areas of life, play a key role in efforts to protect the environment, activities for the community and economic development. One of the "beneficiaries" of this concept are the enterprises, both small local as well as those with a global reach. In almost every operating company, in a greater or lesser extent, pillars of sustainable development are used, but before this happened - these companies have to go through a few steps, that led to the full implementation of the sustainable development concept and its application in practical terms. This article presents and describes in detail, the various stages of completion of which is the existence and the practical use of the sustainable development concept in its activities.
Management of Litigants’ Satisfaction in their Quality of Legal Services’ Customers Provided by the Courts
Authors: Hulpuş Ioana , Muscalu Emanoil , Faloba Viorica 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The quality of public services provided by the courts became one of the most important objectives in all developed countries. According to the current requirements, organizations must respond more promptly to the society’s needs and demands. The citizen / customer’s position and role became essential taking into consideration these changes and reforms, the quality of legal services depends on the user’s demands and expectations holding a strong subjective character. On the other hand, the quality does not apply solely to the final product, namely the court’s decision, but to all related activities carried out during the whole process, the way the citizens perceive all the adjacent activities. In this context Quality Management must identify appropriate methods and techniques to manage the customer’s approach in all its complexity, from the analysis of the importance of learning about their needs, their expectations, and factors influencing the perception to the measurement of the customer satisfaction and not least the management of it.
Dispersion of dielectric permittivity and magnetic properties of solid solution PZT–PFT
Authors: Skulski Ryszard , Niemiec Przemysław , Bochenek Dariusz , Chrobak Artur 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper we present the results of investigations into ceramic samples of solid solution (1-x)(PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3)- x(PbFe0.5Ta0.503) (i.e. (1-x)PZT-xPFT) with x = 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45. We try to find the relation between the character of dielectric dispersion at various temperatures and the composition of this solution. We also describe the magnetic properties of investigated samples. With increasing the content of PFT also mass magnetization and mass susceptibility increase (i.e. magnetic properties are more pronounced) at every temperature. The temperature dependences of mass magnetization and re­ciprocal of mass susceptibility have similar runs for all the compositions. However, our magnetic investigations exhibit weak antiferromagnetic ordering instead of the ferromagnetic one at room temperature. We can also say that up to room tempera­ture any magnetic phase transition has not occurred. It may be a result of the conditions of the technological process during producing our PZT-PFT ceramics.