bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologic Determinants of Tumor Recurrence in Stage II Colon Cancer: Validation Study of the 12-Gene Recurrence Score in Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9581
Authors: Venook Alan P. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Lopatin Margarita , Ye Xing , Lee Mark , Friedman Paula N. , Frankel Wendy , Clark-Langone Kim , Millward Carl , Shak Steven , Goldberg Richard M. , Mahmoud Najjia N. , Warren Robert S. , Schilsky Richard L. , Bertagnolli Monica M. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose A greater understanding of the biology of tumor recurrence should improve adjuvant treatment decision making. We conducted a validation study of the 12-gene recurrence score (RS), a quantitative assay integrating stromal response and cell cycle gene expression, in tumor specimens from patients enrolled onto Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9581. Patients and Methods CALGB 9581 randomly assigned 1,713 patients with stage II colon cancer to treatment with edrecolomab or observation and found no survival difference. The analysis reported here included all patients with available tissue and recurrence (n = 162) and a random (approximately 1:3) selection of nonrecurring patients. RS was assessed in 690 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction by using prespecified genes and a previously validated algorithm. Association of RS and recurrence was analyzed by weighted Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Continuous RS was significantly associated with risk of recurrence (P = .013) as was mismatch repair (MMR) gene deficiency (P = .044). In multivariate analyses, RS was the strongest predictor of recurrence (P = .004), independent of T stage, MMR, number of nodes examined, grade, and lymphovascular invasion. In T3 MMR-intact (MMR-I) patients, prespecified low and high RS groups had average 5-year recurrence risks of 13% (95% CI, 10% to 16%) and 21% (95% CI, 16% to 26%), respectively. Conclusion The 12-gene RS predicts recurrence in stage II colon cancer in CALGB 9581. This is consistent with the importance of stromal response and cell cycle gene expression in colon tumor recurrence. RS appears to be most discerning for patients with T3 MMR-I tumors, although markers such as grade and lymphovascular invasion did not add value in this subset of patients.
Patient-Oncologist Alliance, Psychosocial Well-Being, and Treatment Adherence Among Young Adults With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Trevino Kelly M. , Fasciano Karen , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Patients who develop a strong alliance with their health care providers have been shown to have higher levels of psychosocial well-being and rates of treatment adherence. Young adults with cancer have lower levels of psychosocial well-being and treatment adherence relative to patients with cancer in other age groups. This study sought to evaluate the relationships between the patient-oncologist alliance, psychosocial well-being, and treatment adherence in young adults with advanced cancer. Patients and Methods Ninety-five young adults (age 20 to 40 years) with advanced cancer were administered measures of alliance, psychosocial well-being, willingness to adhere to treatment, and treatment adherence. Relationships between alliance and psychosocial well-being were examined bivariately. Multiple linear regression models examined the relationship between alliance and adherence, controlling for confounding influences (eg, psychosocial well-being). Results Alliance was significantly (P ≤ .01) and positively associated with greater perceived social support and less severe illness-related grief. After controlling for significant confounding influences (ie, metastases, appraised support, and grief), alliance remained significantly (P ≤ .01) associated with greater willingness to adhere to treatment and greater adherence to oral medication. Conclusion By developing a strong alliance, oncologists may enhance psychosocial well-being and increase treatment adherence in young adult patients with advanced cancer.
Change in Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Concentrations over Time Independently Predicts Mortality in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals
Authors: Eggers Kai M , Kempf Tibor , Wallentin Lars , Wollert Kai C , Lind Lars 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is emerging as a powerful risk indicator in both cardiovascular disease patients and community-dwelling individuals. We investigated GDF-15 concentrations and their changes over 5 years in elderly individuals from the community, together with the underlying conditions and prognostic implications of these measurements.

METHODS
We analyzed GDF-15 concentrations using a sandwich immunoassay in participants from the PIVUS (Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors) study. Measurements were performed at both 70 (n = 1004) and 75 (n = 813) years of age. Median follow-up was 8.0 years.

RESULTS
Over time, GDF-15 concentrations increased by 11.0% (P &lt; 0.001). These changes were related to male sex, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, renal function, and concentrations of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Significant relationships also emerged between changes in GDF-15 and changes in concentrations of NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein (CRP) and renal function between ages 70 and 75. The R2 value of the model including all covariates was 0.20. GDF-15 concentrations independently predicted all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 4.0 (95% CI 2.7–6.0)] with results obtained at ages 70 and 75 as updated covariates. Baseline GDF-15 concentrations improved prognostic discrimination and reclassification [C statistic 0.06 (P = 0.006); integrated discrimination improvement = 0.030 (P = 0.004); category-free net reclassification improvement = 0.281 (P = 0.006)]. The change in GDF-15 concentrations over time independently predicted even all-cause mortality occurring after age 75 [hazard ratio 3.6 (95% CI 2.2–6.0)].

CONCLUSIONS
GDF-15 concentrations and their changes over time are powerful predictors of mortality in elderly community-dwelling individuals. GDF-15 concentrations increase with aging, and these changes are explained only partially by cardiovascular risk factors, indicators of neurohumoral activation and inflammation, and renal function. Thus GDF-15 reflects both cardiovascular and other biological processes closely related to longevity.
Cost-effectiveness of Augmenting Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination With Immunoglobin Treatment
Authors: Chen Solomon Chih-Cheng , Toy Mehlika , Yeh Jennifer M. , Wang Jung-Der , Resch Stephen 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) control strategies combining universal vaccination with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) treatment for neonates of carrier mothers.

METHODS:
Drawing on Taiwan's experience, we developed a decision-analytic model to estimate the clinical and economic outcomes for 4 strategies: (1) strategy V—universal vaccination; (2) strategy S—V plus screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBIG treatment for HBsAg-positive mothers' neonates; (3) strategy E—V plus screening for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), HBIG for HBeAg-positive mothers' neonates; (4) strategy S&E—V plus screening for HBsAg then HBeAg, HBIG for all HBeAg-positive, and some HBeAg-negative/HBsAg-positive mothers' neonates.

RESULTS:
Strategy S averted the most infections, followed by S&E, E, and V. In most cases, the more effective strategies were also more costly. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) above which strategy S was cost-effective rose as carrier rate declined and was &lt;$4000 per infection averted for carrier rates &gt;5%. The WTP below which strategy V was optimal also increased as carrier rate declined, from $1400 at 30% carrier rate to $3100 at 5% carrier rate. Strategies involving E were optimal for an intermediate range of WTP that narrowed as carrier rate declined.

CONCLUSIONS:
HBIG treatment for neonates of HBsAg carrier mothers is likely to be a cost-effective addition to universal vaccination, particularly in settings with adequate health care infrastructure. Targeting HBIG to neonates of higher risk HBeAg-positive mothers may be preferred where WTP is moderate. However, in very resource-limited settings, universal vaccination alone is optimal.
Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care for Youth Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescence
Authors: Lotstein Debra S. , Seid Michael , Klingensmith Georgeanna , Case Doug , Lawrence Jean M. , Pihoker Catherine , Dabelea Dana , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Gilliam Lisa K. , Corathers Sarah , Imperatore Giuseppina , Dolan Lawrence , Anderson Andrea , Bell Ronny A. , Waitzfelder Beth ,   for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at risk for poor glycemic control as they age into adulthood. The aim of this study was to describe sociodemographic and clinical correlates of poor glycemic control associated with the transfer of care from pediatric to adult diabetes providers among a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes diagnosed in adolescence.

METHODS:
Analyses included 185 adolescent participants with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study with pediatric care at baseline who were age ≥18 years at follow-up. Demographic and clinical factors were measured by survey and laboratory results. Survival analysis was used to estimate the age of transition. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association of demographic and clinical factors with the transition of care and poor glycemic control at follow-up.

RESULTS:
Fifty-seven percent of participants had transitioned to adult diabetes care providers by the follow-up visit. The estimated median age of transition of care was 20.1 years (95% confidence interval 19.8–20.4). Older age, lower baseline glycosylated hemoglobin, and less parental education were independently associated with increased odds of transition. The odds of poor glycemic control at follow-up were 2.5 times higher for participants who transitioned to adult care compared with those who remained in pediatric care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Transferring from pediatric to adult care, experienced by more than half the sample, was associated with an increased risk of poor glycemic control at follow-up. These findings suggest that young adults need additional support when moving to adult care.
Prevalence and Reasons for Introducing Infants Early to Solid Foods: Variations by Milk Feeding Type
Authors: Clayton Heather B. , Li Ruowei , Perrine Cria G. , Scanlon Kelley S. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the prevalence of, and mothers’ self-reported reasons for, introducing solid foods to infants earlier than recommended (aged &lt;4 months) and the variation in reasons for early introduction by milk feeding type.

METHODS:
The study included 1334 mothers who participated in the national longitudinal Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2005–2007). Monthly 7-day food-frequency questions throughout infancy were used to determine infant age at solid food introduction and to classify infant’s milk feeding at introduction as breast milk only, formula only, or mixed. Reasons for introducing solid foods at age &lt;4 months were assessed through maternal responses to a list of 12 potential reasons. Analyses included descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Overall, 40.4% of mothers introduced solid foods before age 4 months. Prevalence varied by milk feeding type (24.3%, 52.7%, and 50.2% for breastfed, formula-fed, and mixed-fed infants, respectively). The most commonly cited reasons for early introduction of solid food were as follows: “My baby was old enough,” “My baby seemed hungry,” “I wanted to feed my baby something in addition to breast milk or formula,” “My baby wanted the food I ate,” “A doctor or other health care professional said my baby should begin eating solid food,” and “It would help my baby sleep longer at night.” Four of these reasons varied by milk feeding type.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings highlight the high prevalence of early introduction of solids and provide details on why mothers introduced solid foods early.
A New Paradigm for the Study of Religion
Authors: McMullin Steve 
Published: March 2013

The assumptions of traditional secularization theory continue to be applied to contemporary religious experience. In an increasingly individualized society, and especially since the advent of the internet, it may be quite pointless to use such theory to explain religious life by comparing current religious experience with a more traditional religious past. This paper argues that the old secularization paradigm fails to consider ways that religious groups reflexively react to changing
social circumstances, and that it does not explain ways that religion itself has changed in a globalized world. The idea of a new paradigm is re-examined with regard to its potential to understand contemporary religious life.
Race and Revolution: Blackness in China's Long Twentieth Century
Authors: Shih Shu-Mei 
Published: March 2013

It is in the context of race and revolution during china's long twentieth century that we can best understand the many implications of Ferdinand Oyono's Une vie de boy (1956) in China, where it was translated into the standard Sinitic script as (“The Life of a Boy Servant”) in 1984.The cycle that had begun as a national strengthening movement in the 1890s achieved some kind of completion or vindication with the early-twenty-first-century rise of China on the world stage. Chinese sovereignty was not only achieved during this century but flaunted; revolutions were not only won but largely put aside. Throughout this process, racial thinking played a crucial role, but its significance has been largely ignored because of an all-consuming nationalism that justified itself through a discourse of wounding: China was the victim of Western imperialism and the object of racism. Racism was and is supposed to be a problem for other, principally Western nations, with tainted histories of slavery and imperialism—hence the failure to acknowledge that Chinese nationalism actually has a distinct, though shifting, racial character. Chinese racial nationalism, and, for a time, racial internationalism under Mao, was a major undercurrent in China's revolutionary sequence in the long twentieth century: the late Qing reform and the ensuing republican revolution of 1911, which overthrew the Manchu Qing dynasty; the communist revolution of 1949, which drove out Western and Japanese imperialism and overthrew the republican government; and the Cultural Revolution of 1966-76, the end of which started China on the path to postsocialism, or “socialism with Chinese characteristics.”
Restoring Monobore Well Life with Novel Coiled Tubing Gas Lift Dip Tube in a Highly Corrosive Environment
Authors: Manatrakool Chaipayong , Dyer Stephen , Son Nguyen Hoang 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Monobore wells have been a staple of the oil and gas industry for many years due to their simplicity and flexibility for common intervention techniques. One downside comes when a producing interval or intervals start depleting, compromising lift performance. Velocity strings have been successfully deployed in monobore gas wells to improve lift performance. Retrofitting oil wells, such as presented here, with a gas lift string can significantly enhance the productive life of a well. Performing this retrofit rig less offers additional opportunities in maintaining field production from more marginal wells not especially suited to full work over operations.
Retrofitting completions rig less presents a number of technical and operational challenges. Gas lift utilizing a coiled tubing (CT) dip tube and the associated valve sizing, setting depths, and lift gas optimization are discussed in the context of the reservoir conditions and well parameters. The mechanical aspects associated with the hanging of the dip tube, thermal effects, and corrosion inhibition present specific challenges similar to conventional completions, but with the complexity of deployment under live well conditions.
Well control aspects associated with deployment, retrieval, and production are important considerations both technically and operationally. The Pressure Control Equipment (PCE) stack must be suited to the dip tube completion components, while providing effective barriers to secure well during deployment and emergency scenarios. The ability to connect, test, and deploy several gas lift mandrels suitably spaced with coil tubing "tubing" are operationally challenging. The deployment aspects are thus fundamental to the success of the concept.
During a job in Thailand, a corrosive, high-CO2, nonproducing monobore oil well was revived using a corrosion-resistant CT dip-tube gas lift completion. The project successfully restored well production from zero flow to 900 B/D. Conceptual design, tool selections, key technical decisions, and operational aspects are discussed.
Electric-Line Pipe-Cutting Operation Optimizes Completion Removal, Offshore Russia
Authors: Otten Howard , Connon Bill , McKay Alex , Kirsanov Kirill , McGillivray Moray 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In 2012, in its first field trial, an electric-line-conveyed mechanical cutting tool was used to cut completion tubing in a well off the east coast of Russia. This e-line cutting tool required no explosives, no chemicals, and no subsequent run to dress the top of the cut, as is typically the case with conventional pipe-cutting methods. With these characteristics, the operator did not have to address any of the operational and administrative concerns or costs associated with conventional explosive methods such as: extra procedures, time for safe handling, limited vessel traffic, added security, nor additional operational rig time to dress off the flaired cut end before removal.
On a previous workover, the operator had experienced problems pulling a packer, debris was suspected in the annulus resulting from an explosive cut then subsequent run to dress off the flaired end. Therefore, they were looking for a different method for tubing cutting operations, one with reduced risk, reduced debris, and fewer post-cutting tasks prior to removing the tubing and completion.
In the first trial, the tool was used to successfully cut 4-1/2-inch, 12.6-lb/ft tubing in a 57° deviated well, at a depth of more than 2,133.6 m. Total operating time was six hours and actual cutting time approximately 80 minutes. The e-line cutting tool cut the tubing cleanly without flairing or creating substantial debris, leaving a smooth, beveled interior which can be fished without dressing off the cut using a conventional overshot.
Solids Cleanout Analysis Reduces Screen Out Risk
Authors: Aitken B. , Li J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A mechanical packer and abrasive perforator, conveyed by Coiled tubing(CT), grants great flexibility to the design of an annular fracturing treatment. On the downside the solids from a previous fracture treatment, or abrasive perforation cut, can be picked up by the subsequent pad fluid leading to a screen out. This is complicated by the fact that tolerance to solids varies between formations. To avoid this, solids transport during abrasive perforating, fracturing, displacement, and cleaning must be considered. Unique to this analysis is the ability to model the distribution of solids at any point in time, and the subsequent pick up of solids by the clean pad fluid. This leads to an unprecedented job optimization opportunity for reservoirs that can tolerate some solids in the initial pad stage, and risk mitigation for those which can’t.
The model considers a transient mass balance for the solids bed and slurry. Non-uniform distribution of solids in the slurry is considered, which means the solids are not transported with the average slurry velocity. A drift flux model relates solids velocity in the slurry to the average slurry velocity. The difference between these is described by two terms. The first term accounts for variation in the cross sectional profiles of liquid velocity and solids concentration. This considers turbulent diffusion, settling velocity, and a liquid velocity profile based on Prandtl mixing length theory. The second term accounts for the interaction of gravity and buoyancy.
Experiments to measure cleaning time involved a transparent pipe with a smaller pipe located eccentrically inside and a known amount of solids. Water is then injected through the smaller pipe and circulated in the annulus to clean the solids. The time required to remove all solids from the annulus is measured for a number of deviation angles and flow rates.
Simulation results are compared to experimental data at all deviation angles. A field case is presented for a well that initially screened out during the pad after abrasive perforating. Finally a sample simulation details the solids transport for the entire process and a cleanout that was required following a screen out in the fracturing stage. This highlights how the model can be used to predict the axial distribution of solids in coiled tubing and wellbore at any time, for uphill and downhill flows, at all deviation angles.
Selectively Retrievable Coiled-Tubing Whipstock Provides Retrieval Options Without Loss of Production
Authors: Mack Anthony , Glaser Mark , Rossing Mike 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Coiled-tubing (CT) intervention services involving casing exits require the use of a whipstock assembly, which consists of a milling assembly, concave, and anchor. The anchor secures the concave, keeping it from traveling downhole while performing the sidetrack. The self-orienting packer and latch system provides the option to retrieve the packer on the same trip as the concave and latch or leave the packer in the well as a datum for a lateral or re-entry. The system also allows for torque transmittal from the milling assembly to the packer’s slips. The packer has an open bore that allows production to flow through the packer when it is left in the well.
The retrievable whipstock packer and latch system is deployed on coiled-tubing or wireline in normal or sour-service applications for wells that require the flexibility to retrieve the packer or drill additional laterals or re-entries using an adjustable, self-orienting whipstock.
The packer and latch whipstock have been used in several lab and function tests. This paper describes the lab tests and results that this self-orienting, trip-saving whipstock packer and latch system has successfully completed.
The selective retrievability of the whipstock packer and latch system provides the option of retrieving the packer on the same trip as the whipstock or leaving it downhole for additional laterals or re-entries. It shears out of the packer after the lateral has been drilled, immediately giving the operator the option to re-engage and retrieve the packer. By reducing the number of trips needed for total tool retrieval, the time needed to begin producing from the lateral, as well as the time required to employ a crew for such tasks, is reduced. The bore of the packer allows for the flow of oil and/or gas from existing lower zones to prevent a loss of production. The 360° adjustability of the latch allows adjustment of the trip-in orientation of the whipstock for a lateral in any direction.