bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Carrageenan nasal spray in patients with common cold: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ludwig Martin , Enzenhofer Elisabeth , Schneider Sven , Rauch Margit , Bodenteich Angelika , Neumann Kurt , Prieschl-Grassauer Eva , Grassauer Andreas , Lion Thomas , Mueller Christian A 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The common cold is the most widespread viral infection in humans. Iota-carrageenan has previously shown antiviral effectiveness against cold viruses in clinical trials. This study investigated the efficacy of a carrageenan-containing nasal spray on the duration of the common cold and nasal fluid viral load in adult patients.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 211 patients suffering from early symptoms of the common cold were treated for seven days. Application was performed three times daily with either a carrageenan-supplemented nasal spray or saline solution as placebo with an overall observation period of 21 days. The primary endpoint was the duration of disease defined as the time until the last day with symptoms followed by all other days in the study period without symptoms. During the study, but prior unblinding, the definition of disease duration was adapted from the original protocol that defines disease duration as the time period of symptoms followed by 48 hours without symptoms.

Results
In patients showing a laboratory-confirmed cold virus infection and adherence to the protocol, alleviation of symptoms was 2.1 days faster in the carrageenan group in comparison to placebo (p = 0.037). The primary endpoint that had been prespecified but was changed before unblinding was not met. Viral titers in nasal fluids showed a significantly greater decrease in carrageenan patients in the intention-to-treat population (p = 0.024) and in the per protocol population (p = 0.018) between days 1 and 3/4.

Conclusions
In adults with common cold virus infections, direct local administration of carrageenan with nasal sprays reduced the duration of cold symptoms. A significant reduction of viral load in the nasal wash fluids of patients confirmed similar findings from earlier trials in children and adults.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN80148028
Cortical contusion injury disrupts olfactory bulb neurogenesis in adult mice
Authors: Radomski Kryslaine L , Zhou Qiong , Yi Kevin J , Doughty Martin L 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Experimental brain trauma activates quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) to increase neuronal progenitor cell proliferation in the adult rodent brain. Previous studies have shown focal brain contusion in the form of a unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) stimulates NSCs to bilaterally increase neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus.

Results
In this study we clarified the bi-lateral effects of a unilateral CCI on proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) NSC niche and on neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb of adult mice. By varying the depth of impact from 1 mm to 2 mm depth, we show CCI to the left somatosensory cortex resulted in graded changes in mouse behavior and cellular pathology in the forebrain. As expected, contusion to the sensorimotor cortex resulted in motor coordination deficits in adult mice. During the first 3 days after injury, CCI increased proliferation in the impacted cortex, deeper striatum and SVZ of the forebrain ipsilateral to the CCI. In each of these regions proliferation was increased with increasing injury severity. At 30 days post-procedure, CCI resulted in a significant reduction in neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb ipsilateral to the CCI. Olfactory avoidance testing indicated disruptions in olfactory bulb neurogenesis were associated with impaired olfactory discrimination in mice post-injury.

Conclusion
The data demonstrate a focal cortical contusion injury to the left somatosensory cortex disrupts SVZ-olfactory bulb neurogenesis and impairs olfactory discrimination and motor coordination in adult mice.
Knowledge translation in Iranian universities: need for serious interventions
Authors: Gholami Jaleh , Ahghari Sharareh , Motevalian Abbas , Yousefinejad Vahid , Moradi Ghobad , Keshtkar Abbasali , Alami Ali , Mazloomzadeh Saeideh , Vakili Mohammad Masoud , Chaman Reza , Salehi Bahman , Fazelzadeh Omid , Majdzadeh Reza 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the status of knowledge translation (KT) in Iranian medical science universities in order to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the most important organizations responsible for producing knowledge in the country.

Methods
The KT activities were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in nine universities using the Self-Assessment Tool for Research Institutes.

Results
The strengths and weaknesses of universities were determined using seven main themes: priority setting; research quality and timeliness; researchers’ KT capacities; interaction with research users; the facilities and prerequisites of KT; the processes and regulations supporting KT; and promoting and evaluating the use of evidence.
The quantitative and qualitative results showed that the Iranian universities did not have an appropriate context for KT. There were significant shortcomings in supportive regulations, facilities for KT activities, and the level of interaction between the researchers and research users.

Conclusions
The shortcomings in KT were mostly in the area of stewardship and policymaking (macro level), followed by planning and implementation at the universities. In order to strengthen KT in Iran, it should occupy a prominent and focused role in the strategies of the country’s health research system.
Golden plaster for pain therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Liu Jin-Tao , Tang De-Zhi , Li Xiao-Feng , Zhang Zhi-Gang , Ji Wan-Bo , Tao Shuai , Wang Yong-Jun , Jiang Hong 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Osteoarthritis is a relatively common musculoskeletal disorder that increases in prevalence with age. Worldwide, knee osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of disability, particularly in the elderly. In numerous trials of agents for long-term pain therapy, no well-established and replicable results have been achieved. Complementary and alternative medical approaches have been employed for thousands of years to relieve knee osteoarthritis pain. Among herbal medicines, the golden plaster is the preferred and most commonlyused method in China to reduce pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis, as it causes few adverse effects. The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the efficacy and safety of golden plaster on pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods/Design
This study will be a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 320 participants aged 45 to 79 years with knee osteoarthritis, whose scores on a visual analog scale (VAS) are more than 20 mm,will be randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group. A golden plaster will be administered externally to participants in the treatment group for 2 weeks, while the control group will receive a placebo plaster externally for 2 weeks. Follow-up will be at regular intervals during a 4-week period with a VAS score for pain, quality of life, and complications.

Discussion
This study will be a methodologically sound randomized controlled trial to assess pain relief after the intervention of golden plaster, compared to a placebo intervention in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-13003418
Comparing treatment outcomes of different chemotherapy sequences during intensity modulated radiotherapy for advanced N-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Sun Xueming , Zeng Lei , Chen Chunyan , Huang Ying , Han Fei , Xiao Weiwei , Liu Shuai , Lu Taixiang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
N-stage is related to distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. We performed this study to compare the efficacy of different chemotherapy sequences in advanced N-stage (N2 and N3) NPC patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods
From 2001 to 2008, 198 advanced N-stage NPC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-three patients received IMRT alone. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) was delivered to 72 patients, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) + CCRT to 82 patients and CCRT + adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) to 11 patients.

Results
The 5-year overall survival rate, recurrence-free survival rate, distant metastasis-free survival rate and progress-free survival rate were 47.7% and 73.1%(p<0.001), 74.5% and 91.3% (p = 0.004), 49.2% and 68.5% (p = 0.018), 37.5% and 63.8% (p<0.001) in IMRT alone and chemoradiotherapy group. Subgroup analyses indicated that there were no significant differences among the survival curves of CCRT, NACT + CCRT and CCRT + AC groups. The survival benefit mainly came from CCRT. However, there was only an improvement attendency in distant metastasis-free survival rate of CCRT group (p = 0.107) when compared with RT alone group, and NACT + CCRT could significantly improve distant metastasis-free survival (p = 0.017).

Conclusions
For advanced N-stage NPC patients, NACT + CCRT might be a reasonable treatment strategy.
Radiosensitization of noradrenaline transporter-expressing tumour cells by proteasome inhibitors and the role of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Rae Colin , Tesson Mathias , Babich John W , Boyd Marie , Mairs Robert J 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The radiopharmaceutical 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) is used for the targeted radiotherapy of noradrenaline transporter (NAT)-expressing neuroblastoma. Enhancement of 131I-MIBG's efficacy is achieved by combination with the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan - currently being evaluated clinically. Proteasome activity affords resistance of tumour cells to radiation and topoisomerase inhibitors. Therefore, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was evaluated with respect to its cytotoxic potency as a single agent and in combination with 131I-MIBG and topotecan. Since elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced by bortezomib, the role of ROS in tumour cell kill was determined following treatment with bortezomib or the alternative proteasome inhibitor, MG132.

Methods
Clonogenic assay and growth of tumour xenografts were used to investigate the effects of proteasome inhibitors alone or in combination with radiation treatment. Synergistic interactions in vitro were evaluated by combination index analysis. The dependency of proteasome inhibitor-induced clonogenic kill on ROS generation was assessed using antioxidants.

Results
Bortezomib, in the dose range 1 to 30 nM, decreased clonogenic survival of both SK-N-BE(2c) and UVW/NAT cells, and this was prevented by antioxidants. It also acted as a sensitizer in vitro when administered with X-radiation, with 131I-MIBG, or with 131I-MIBG and topotecan. Moreover, bortezomib enhanced the delay of the growth of human tumour xenografts in athymic mice when administered in combination with 131I-MIBG and topotecan. MG132 and bortezomib had similar radiosensitizing potency, but only bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity was ROS-dependent.

Conclusions
Proteasome inhibition shows promise for the treatment of neuroblastoma in combination with 131I-MIBG and topotecan. Since the cytotoxicity of MG132, unlike that of bortezomib, was not ROS-dependent, the latter proteasome inhibitor may have a favourable toxicity profile in normal tissues.
Dynamics of Consumer Adoption of Financial Innovation: The Case of ATM Cards
Authors: Yang Botao , Ching Andrew T. 
Published: November 2013

We develop a structural consumer life-cycle model to investigate consumers' adoption and usage decisions of ATM cards. If consumers are forward-looking with a known discount factor, our framework can control for the heterogeneous life span faced by consumers of different ages, and hence measure adoption costs more accurately. Moreover, our framework can recover the monetary value of total adoption costs. To estimate our model, we use an Italian panel data set, which contains information on consumers' adoption decisions for ATM cards, and their cash withdrawal patterns before and after adoption. Our results suggest that one could significantly overestimate adoption costs for the elderly when ignoring their shorter life span. Our policy experiments show that a sign-up bonus targeted to the elderly could be much more effective if implemented as a limited-time offer rather than a permanent offer. Interestingly, if the sign-up bonus is permanent, younger consumers may strategically postpone adoption. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Trans-meaning – Dance as an embodied technology of perception
Authors: de Lima Cecília 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
As an experiential practice of somatic perception, dance digs into the living matter of what is scientifically currently recognized as the source of self-consciousness and of the thinking process, producing what is commonly referred to as ‘embodied knowledge’ or ‘embodied thinking’. What is the expression of such a mode of knowledge? How can it be transmitted to other fields of knowledge? Departing from proposing the artistic practice of dance as a technology of proprioception, this article explores a particular view of this issue by relating the dancer’s phenomenological experience with some contemporary theories of cognitive science. It develops the notion of ‘embodied knowledge’ not merely as the innate know-how of the bodily system to act and survive, but as sensorial awareness of such know-how. This intensified awareness opens up an experiential understanding of reality as an embodied motion condition, generating a distinct reasoning based on a transformative paradoxical value ground.
Rest Sleep Wake: Soma–science scores for performing sleep
Authors: Brown Carol , Niemetz Anne , Medlin Margie , Scoones Russell 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
As a post-performance reflection, this article addresses the complexities of a number of different issues surrounding the dramaturgies of art–science collaborations and the role of agency when spread across multiple collaborators. It includes comment from the voices – artistic, scientific and academic – involved in shaping Revolve from dusk to dawn and speculates on the impacts of the research and production. Revolve is an interactive performance inspired by sleep science (chronobiology); it was previewed as part of SEAM2011, 17–18 September 2011, at Critical Path in Sydney, premiered in Christchurch, New Zealand, during the Body Festival, 4–5 October 2011, and presented as a lecture performance during the Somatics and Technology 2012 Conference, University of Chichester, 23 June 2012.
Dirichlet heat kernel estimates for subordinate Brownian motions with Gaussian components
Authors: Chen Zhen-Qing , Kim Panki , Song Renming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

In this paper, we derive
explicit sharp two-sided estimates
for the Dirichlet heat kernels, in C
1,1 open sets
D in ℝ
d
, of a large class of subordinate Brownian motions
with Gaussian components.
When D is bounded, our sharp two-sided Dirichlet heat kernel estimates hold for all t > 0.
Integrating the heat kernel estimates with respect to the time variable t, we obtain
sharp two-sided estimates for the Green functions, in bounded C
1,1 open sets, of
such subordinate Brownian motions with Gaussian components.
On the determination of the principal coefficient from boundary measurements in a KdV equation
Authors: Baudouin Lucie , Cerpa Eduardo , Crépeau Emmanuelle , Mercado Alberto 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper concerns the inverse problem of retrieving the principal coefficient in a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation from boundary measurements of a single solution. The Lipschitz stability of this inverse problem is obtained using a new global Carleman estimate for the linearized KdV equation. The proof is based on the Bukhgeĭm–Klibanov method.
Austrian Newborn Screening Program: a perspective of five decades
Authors: Pollak Arnold , Kasper David C. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In 1966, the National Austrian Newborn Screening Program for inherited metabolic and endocrine disorders was initiated. In the last five decades, around four million babies were screened and in more than 2600 babies, various inborn errors of metabolism and endocrine disorders were detected. This health-preventive program was continuously expanded from phenylketonuria and galactosemia to congenital hypothyroidism, biotinidase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In 2002, the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry substantially increased the number of detectable rare diseases, and now includes disorders of fatty acid oxidation, organic acidurias, and various disorders of amino acid metabolism. In this review, we highlight the development of the Austrian screening program, and pinpoint future disorders and challenges.
Environmental Risk Arising From Well-Construction Failure—Differences Between Barrier and Well Failure, and Estimates of Failure Frequency Across Common Well Types, Locations, and Well Age
Authors: King George E. , King Daniel E. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Do oil and gas wells leak to the environment? This paper will show the great majority of wells do not pollute. The purpose of this paper is to explain basic concepts of well construction and illustrate differences between single-barrier failure in multiple-barrier well design and outright well-integrity failure that could lead to pollution by use of published investigations and reviews from data sets of more than 600,000 wells worldwide. For US wells, while individual-barrier failures (containment maintained and no pollution indicated) in a specific well group may range from very low to several percent (depending on geographical area, operator, era, well type, and maintenance quality), actual well-integrity failures are very rare. Well-integrity failure occurs when all barriers fail and a leak is possible. True well-integrity-failure rates are two to three orders of magnitude lower than single-barrier-failure rates.
When one of these rare total-well-integrity failures occurs, gas is the most common fluid lost. Common final-barrier leak points are failed gaskets or valves at the surface and are easily and quickly repaired. If the failure is in the subsurface, an outward leak is uncommon because of a lower pressure gradient in the well than in outside formations. Subsurface leaks in oil and gas wells are rare, and routinely comprise exterior-formation salt water leaking into the well toward the lower pressure in the well.
Failure frequencies are estimated for wells in several specific sets of environmental conditions (i.e., location, geologic strata, produced-fluid composition, and soils). Estimate accuracy depends on a sufficient database of wells with documented failures, divided into (1) barrier failures in a multiple-barrier system that did not create pollution, and (2) well-integrity failures that created a leak path, whether or not pollution was created. Estimated failure-frequency comparisons are valid only for a specific set of wells operating under the same conditions with similar design and construction quality. Well age and construction era are important variables. There is absolutely no universal definition for well-failure frequency.
Hinged circular fixator construct for correction of congenital metatarsal deformity in a foal
Authors: Cuddy L. C. , Graham A. S. , Reese D. J. , Porter M. B. , Morton A. J. , Lewis D. D. , Porter E. G. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA five-week-old American Quarter Horse colt was presented for evaluation of a left hindlimb deformity and lameness. Radiographs of the left hindlimb revealed a varus deformity with recurvatum originating in the middiaphysis of the third metatarsal bone. Surgical correction was undertaken by performing an osteotomy through the centre of rotation of angulation located within the mid-diaphysis of the third metatarsal bone, and a fourring hinged circular external fixator construct was applied. Distraction of the osteotomy site was performed over an 11 day period. Notable complications included failure of a fixation pin, infection of the surgical site, and temporary laxity of the supporting tendons and ligaments of the contralateral metatarsophalangeal joint. The fixator was maintained until there was sufficient bone formation to allow frame removal, 152 days after the initial surgery. Use of a hinged circular construct allowed for partial correction of the deformity with resultant lengthening and resolution of the lameness in this colt.
Critical analysis of government vs. Commercial advertising discourse on older persons in Spain
Authors: de-Andrés-del-Campo Susana , de-Lima-Maestro Rosa 
Published: November 2013

The elderly population has increased considerably in recent years and it is estimated that by 2050 32% of the Spanish population will be old people. This group is underrepresented in the media and does not attract much research interest. To put this right, we present an analysis of the representation of older persons in advertisements appearing in magazines aimed directly or indirectly at seniors in Spain. A content analysis estimated the frequency of appearance of the images and words that represent the elderly, and a discourse analysis enabled this study to investigate the presence of stereo types and discourse relations between advertising and theories of ageing. The results show that the older people who appear in the ads are mostly men portrayed as consumers of entertainment products who are at the beginning of their period of old age. A marked gender stereotype is observed. The differentiation between the institutional and commercial advertising discourse is also clear. The study analyses such advertising over three decades, covering the period in which the age distribution of the population has been inverted in Spain. Throughout this period, the frequency of ap pearance has been very low. Old people are clearly an invisible collective in magazine advertising.
La población de personas mayores se ha multiplicado en los últimos años. Se estima que en el año 2050, el 32% de la población española estará constituido por personas mayores. Mientras tanto, es fácil observar la infrarrepresentación de este colectivo en los medios de comunicación, pero la cuestión apenas recibe interés investigador. Se presenta aquí un análisis de la representación de las personas mayores en la publicidad de dominicales y revistas dirigidas directa o indirectamente a las personas mayores en España. A través de un análisis de contenido se calcula la frecuencia con que se recurre a la imagen de los y las mayores en la publicidad. Mediante un análisis del discurso se indaga también en la presencia de estereotipos y en las relaciones discursivas entre los mensajes publicitarios y las teorías de la vejez. Los resultados muestran que las personas mayores que aparecen en los anuncios son mayoritariamente varones, que inician su periodo de vejez y consumidores de productos de ocio. Se encuentra un marcado estereotipo de género y una clara diferenciación discursiva entre los mensajes comerciales y los institucionales. El estudio analiza tres décadas, abarcando el periodo en el que se ha producido la inversión poblacional en la distribución por edades en España. En todo este periodo la frecuencia de aparición ha sido muy baja. Se trata de un colectivo de patente invisibilidad en los anuncios publicitarios.