bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Renewable Hexanols from Mechanocatalytically Depolymerized Cellulose by Using Ir‐ReOx/SiO2 catalyst
Authors: Liu Sibao , Okuyama Yasuyo , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Imai Akio , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Keiichi Tomishige at Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). The image shows that in a biphasic reaction system (n‐decane+H2O) high yields of hexanols can be produced from mechanocatalytically depolymerized cellulose. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201403010
Quantification of cells with specific phenotypes I: Determination of CD4+ cell count per microliter in reconstituted lyophilized human PBMC prelabeled with anti‐CD4 FITC antibody
Authors: Stebbings Richard , Wang Lili , Sutherland Janet , Kammel Martin , Gaigalas Adolfas K. , John Manuela , Roemer Bodo , Kuhne Maren , Schneider Rudolf J. , Braun Michael , Engel Andrea , Dikshit Dinesh K. , Abbasi Fatima , Marti Gerald E. , Paola Sassi Maria , Revel Laura , Kim Sook‐Kyung , Baradez Marc‐Olivier , Lekishvili Tamara , Marshall Damian , Whitby Liam , Jing Wang , Ost Volker , Vonsky Maxim , Neukammer Jörg 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA surface‐labeled lyophilized lymphocyte (sLL) preparation has been developed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells prelabeled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody. The sLL preparation is intended to be used as a reference material for CD4+ cell counting including the development of higher order reference measurement procedures and has been evaluated in the pilot study CCQM‐P102. This study was conducted across 16 laboratories from eight countries to assess the ability of participants to quantify the CD4+ cell count of this reference material and to document cross‐laboratory variability plus associated measurement uncertainties. Twelve different flow cytometer platforms were evaluated using a standard protocol that included calibration beads used to obtain quantitative measurements of CD4+ T cell counts. There was good overall cross‐platform and counting method agreement with a grand mean of the laboratory calculated means of (301.7 ± 4.9) μL−1 CD4+ cells. Excluding outliers, greater than 90% of participant data agreed within ±15%. A major contribution to variation of sLL CD4+ cell counts was tube to tube variation of the calibration beads, amounting to an uncertainty of 3.6%. Variation due to preparative steps equated to an uncertainty of 2.6%. There was no reduction in variability when data files were centrally reanalyzed. Remaining variation was attributed to instrument specific differences. CD4+ cell counts obtained in CCQM‐P102 are in excellent agreement and show the robustness of both the measurements and the data analysis and hence the suitability of sLL as a reference material for interlaboratory comparisons and external quality assessment. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of cells with specific phenotypes II: Determination of CD4 expression level on reconstituted lyophilized human PBMC labelled with anti‐CD4 FITC antibody
Authors: Wang L. , Stebbings R. , Gaigalas A. K. , Sutherland J. , Kammel M. , John M. , Roemer B. , Kuhne M. , Schneider R. J. , Braun M. , Engel A. , Dikshit D. , Abbasi F. , Marti G. E. , Sassi M. , Revel L. , Kim S. K. , Baradez M. , Lekishvili T. , Marshall D. , Whitby L. , Jing W. , Ost V. , Vonsky M. , Neukammer J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis report focuses on the characterization of CD4 expression level in terms of equivalent number of reference fluorophores (ERF). Twelve different flow cytometer platforms across sixteen laboratories were utilized in this study. As a first step the participants were asked to calibrate the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) channel of each flow cytometer using commercially available calibration standard consisting of five populations of microspheres. Each population had an assigned value of equivalent fluorescein fluorophores (EFF denotes a special case of the generic term ERF with FITC as the reference fluorophore). The EFF values were assigned at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A surface‐labelled lyophilized cell preparation was provided by the National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) pre‐labeled with a FITC conjugated anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody. Three PBMC sample vials, provided to each participant, were used for the CD4 expression analysis. The PBMC are purported to have a fixed number of surface CD4 receptors. On the basis of the microsphere calibration, the EFF value of the PBMC samples was measured to characterize the population average CD4 expression level of the PBMC preparations. Both the results of data analysis performed by each participant and the results of centralized analysis of all participants' raw data are reported. Centralized analysis gave a mean EFF value of 22,300 and an uncertainty of 750, corresponding to 3.3% (level of confidence 68%) of the mean EFF value. The next step will entail the measurement of the ERF values of the lyophilized PBMC stained with labels for other fluorescence channels. The ultimate goal is to show that lyophilized PBMC is a suitable biological reference cell material for multicolor flow cytometry and that it can be used to present multicolor flow cytometry measurements in terms of ABC (antibodies bound per cell) units. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Th17 cytokines in non‐melanoma skin cancer
Authors: McAllister Florencia , Kolls Jay K. 
Published: February 2015

T‐helper‐type 17 cytokines have been implicated in epithelial cancer progression at mucosal sites. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Nardinocchi et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 922–931] show that the Th17 cytokines IL‐17 and IL‐22 can both signal to nonmelanoma skin cancer cells, inducing both cellular proliferation and enhanced migration of human basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro. These cytokines were also shown to exacerbate tumor growth in mice injected with the squamous cell carcinoma line, CAL27. Thus, IL‐17 and IL‐22 may be key factors in skin cancer progression and may provide novel prognostic markers in nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Fabrication of Single‐Layer Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Coupled Systems for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Rong Xinshan , Qiu Fengxian , Zhao Hao , Yan Jie , Zhu Xiaolu , Yang Dongya 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA coupled system for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was realized by a CdS/SL g‐C3N4 (SL g‐C3N4 = single‐layer graphitic carbon nitride) photocatalyst under visible‐light irradiation. SL g‐C3N4 was fabricated by the ultrasonic exfoliation of bulk g‐C3N4. Two series of CdS/SL g‐C3N4 and CdS/g‐C3N4 photocatalysts with different CdS content were prepared by a hydrothermal process. The photocatalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV/Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transient photocurrent measurements. Compared with those of pure bulk g‐C3N4, CdS, and SL g‐C3N4, the samples of the CdS/SL g‐C3N4 photocatalyst series exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activities and excellent photostabilities under visible‐light irradiation. With an optimum CdS content of 33.3 % and a reaction time of 120 min, the RhB degradation efficiency reached 99.55 % under visible‐light irradiation. From a first‐order model, the rate constant (k) of the 33.3 % CdS/SL g‐C3N4 photocatalyst is up to 13.59, 6.10, and 4.54 times those of bulk g‐C3N4, SL g‐C3N4, and CdS, respectively. On the basis of the corresponding energy band positions, a mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic activity is proposed. Owing to the excellent performance of the CdS/SL g‐C3N4 series, a visible‐light‐responsive and environmentally friendly photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes was obtained.
Toxicity of Cúspide 480SL® spray mixture formulation of glyphosate to aquatic organisms
Authors: Currie Zachary , Prosser Ryan S. , Rodriguez-Gil Jose Luis , Mahon Kim , Poirier Dave , Solomon Keith R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

In 2011, an alternative formulation of glyphosate (Cúspide 480SL®) was chosen to replace Roundup-SL®, Fuete-SL®, and Gly-41® for the control of Erythroxylum coca, the source of cocaine, in Colombia. Cúspide 480SL contains the active ingredient glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA) salt, which is the same active ingredient used in previous formulations. However, Cúspide 480SL contains an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant rather than the polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA) surfactant used in other formulations and known to be more toxic to nonprimary producing aquatic organisms than glyphosate itself. An adjuvant, Cosmo-Flux F411, and water also are added to the spray mixture before application. Aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the target coca fields might be exposed to the spray mix, placing aquatic organisms at risk. Because no toxicity data were available for spray mixture on aquatic organisms, acute toxicity tests were conducted on aquatic plants, invertebrates, and fish, by using the Cúspide 480SL spray mix as described on the label. Based on the median effective concentration (EC50) values for similar organisms, the spray mixture was less toxic to aquatic organisms than formulations previously used for the control of coca (i.e., Roundup-SL, Fuete-SL, and Gly-41). A physical effect induced by Cosmo-Flux F411 was observed in Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Hyalella azteca, causing the invertebrates to be trapped in an oily film that was present at the surface of the water. However, a hazard assessment for the Cúspide 480SL spray mix, using estimated worst-case exposure scenario concentrations and EC50 values from the toxicity tests, indicated de minimis hazard for the tested aquatic animals, with hazard quotients all &lt;&lt;1. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1178–1184. © 2015 SETAC
Quantifying natural variability as a method to detect environmental change: Definitions of the normal range for a single observation and the mean of m observations
Authors: Barrett Timothy J. , Hille Kelly A. , Sharpe Rainie L. , Harris Katherine M. , Machtans Hilary M. , Chapman Peter M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The normal range has been defined as the range that encloses 95% of reference values; in practice this range has been defined as the reference mean ± 2 standard deviations (SD). When sample sizes are small and reference data are not normally distributed, the mean ± 2 SDs do not enclose 95% of data values. Prediction intervals (PI) calculated using sample statistics are used in the present study to define the normal range for a single observation and the mean of m observations. The PIs provide confidence limits for the next randomly selected observation (or mean of m observations) from a population. The PIs are defined using normally distributed reference data; normality can typically be achieved with transformations of the data. Covariates can be used to explain some of the variability in the reference distribution, increasing the ability to detect change. When assumptions of normality are not met, alternative methods of defining the normal range are provided. The normal range can be used to quantify natural variability and assess change from the reference distribution. It can be used as an early warning indicator of change in environmental monitoring to identify the need for further investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1185–1195. © 2015 SETAC
Test–retest reliability of diffusion measures in cerebral white matter: A multiband diffusion MRI study
Authors: Duan Fei , Zhao Tengda , He Yong , Shu Ni 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundTo investigate the test–retest (TRT) reliability of the diffusion measures in cerebral white matter obtained from the diffusion MRI dataset acquired with multiband acceleration.MethodsWith the multiband diffusion MRI dataset with two repeated scanning sessions, the TRT reliability of diffusion measures (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD], primary diffusivity [PD] and transverse diffusivity [TD]) was investigated through several fully automated analysis methods, including two voxel‐level analyses (voxel‐based analysis [VBA] and tract‐based spatial statistics [TBSS]) and an atlas ROI‐based analysis. The reproducibility was assessed by the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsOur results demonstrated moderate to high reproducibility (ICC > 0.4) of diffusion measures from the multiband EPI sequence with different analysis approaches. Across different measures, FA exhibited the highest reproducibility (mean ICC = 0.70), while MD showed the lowest reliability (mean ICC = 0.55) (P = 0.006). Additionally, ICCs varied across different tract ROIs: Commissural tracts showed higher reproducibility than other categories of tracts (projection, association and brainstem), while the brainstem tracts exhibited the poorest reliability (P = 0.004).ConclusionOur findings suggest a potential utility of the multiband EPI sequence for exploring individual differences of cerebral white matter and provide reference for future white matter studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1106–1116.
The kinetics of the inhibition of acrylamide by glycine in potato model systems
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Wang Pengpu , Wang Fei , Zhao Mengyao , Hu Xiaosong , Chen Fang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcrylamide (AA) is a potential carcinogen which widely exists in heat‐processed foods. The addition of glycine (Gly) has been shown to reduce the formation of AA. The objective of this work was to investigate the kinetics of the inhibition of AA by Gly in both asparagine (Asn)/glucose (Glc) and Asn/Glc/Gly potato model systems during heating at 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C.RESULTSThe simplified two consecutive first‐order kinetic model fitted well to the changes of AA in both systems. No significant difference in rate constant (kF) and apparent activation energy (EaF) was observed for AA formation between the two systems (P > 0.05). Whereas EaE and only kE at 200 °C for AA elimination in the Asn/Glc/Gly system was significantly higher than Asn/Glc system (P < 0.05). The elimination reaction between Gly and AA was confirmed by the identification of their major reaction product 2‐((3‐amino‐3‐oxopropyl)amino)acetic acid in the Asn/Glc/15 N‐Gly system.CONCLUSIONThe reduction of AA by Gly is predominantly attributed to the elimination reaction between Gly and AA. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A study on wear and worn surfaces of grey cast iron affected by a novel silicate additive
Authors: Zeng Zhu , Tian Bin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel aluminium silicate hydroxide additive has shown excellent anti‐wear effect in practical applications and has been mainly studied on steels in laboratory conditions. In this paper, the pin‐on‐disk sliding wear tests were carried out to investigate the wear and worn surfaces of grey cast iron with additives in different concentration. It was found that the silicate additive showed an obvious anti‐wear effect and a reliable duration, reduced the number of pits and cracks on the worn surfaces and improved the nanohardness of the worn surfaces of grey cast iron disks by 72%. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy displayed that the carbon structure of the worn surface of grey cast iron disks with the additive had an obvious transformation from nanocrystalline graphite to amorphous carbon. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light emitting diode‐generated blue light modulates fibrosis characteristics: Fibroblast proliferation, migration speed, and reactive oxygen species generation
Authors: Mamalis Andrew , Garcha Manveer , Jagdeo Jared 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectiveBlue light is part of the visible light spectrum that does not generate harmful DNA adducts associated with skin cancer and photoaging, and may represent a safer therapeutic modality for treatment of keloid scars and other fibrotic skin diseases. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that light‐emitting diode (LED) red and infrared light inhibits proliferation of skin fibroblasts. Moreover, different wavelengths of light can produce different biological effects. Furthermore, the effects of LED blue light (LED‐BL) on human skin fibroblasts are not well characterized. This study investigated the effects of LED‐BL on human skin fibroblast proliferation, viability, migration speed, and reactive oxygen‐species (ROS) generation.Methods and MaterialsIrradiation of adult human skin fibroblasts using commercially‐available LED‐BL panels was performed in vitro, and modulation of proliferation and viability was quantified using the trypan blue dye exclusion assay, migratory speed was assessed using time‐lapse video microscopy, and intracellular ROS generation was measured using the dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry assay. Statistical differences between groups were determined by ANOVA and Student's t‐test.ResultsHuman skin fibroblasts treated with LED‐BL fluences of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 80 J/cm2 demonstrated statistically significant dose‐dependent decreases in relative proliferation of 8.4%, 29.1%, 33.8%, 51.7%, and 55.1%, respectively, compared to temperature and environment matched bench control plates, respectively. LED‐BL fluences of 5, 30, 45, and 80 J/cm2 decreased fibroblast migration speed to 95 ± 7.0% (P = 0.64), 81.3 ± 5.5% (P = 0.021), 48.5 ± 2.7% (P < 0.0001), and 32.3 ± 1.9% (P < 0.0001), respectively, relative to matched controls. LED fluences of 5, 10, 30, and 80 J/cm2 resulted in statistically significant increases in reactive oxygen species of 110.4%, 116.6%, 127.5%, and 130%, respectively, relative to bench controls.ConclusionAt the fluences studied, LED‐BL can inhibit adult human skin dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration speed, and is associated with increased reactive oxygen species generation in a dose‐dependent manner without altering viability. LED‐BL has the potential to contribute to the treatment of keloids and other fibrotic skin diseases and is worthy of further translational and clinical investigation. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:210–215, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc deficiency enhanced inflammatory response by increasing immune cell activation and inducing IL6 promoter demethylation
Authors: Wong Carmen P. , Rinaldi Nicole A. , Ho Emily 
Published: February 2015

ScopeZinc deficiency results in immune dysfunction and promotes systemic inflammation. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of zinc deficiency on cellular immune activation and epigenetic mechanisms that promote inflammation. This work is potentially relevant to the aging population given that age‐related immune defects, including chronic inflammation, coincide with declining zinc status.Methods and resultsAn in vitro cell culture system and the aged mouse model were used to characterize immune activation and DNA methylation profiles that may contribute to the enhanced proinflammatory response mediated by zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency upregulated cell activation markers ICAM1, MHC class II, and CD86 in THP1 cells, which coincided with increased IL1β and IL6 responses following LPS stimulation. A decreased zinc status in aged mice was similarly associated with increased ICAM1 and IL6 gene expression. Reduced IL6 promoter methylation was observed in zinc‐deficient THP1 cells, as well as in aged mice and human lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from aged individuals.ConclusionZinc deficiency induced inflammatory response in part by eliciting aberrant immune cell activation and altered promoter methylation. Our results suggested potential interactions between zinc status, epigenetics, and immune function, and how their dysregulation could contribute to chronic inflammation.
Comparative presynaptic effects of the volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane at the mouse neuromuscular junction
Authors: Castro Fonseca Matheus De , Da Silva Janice Henriques , Ferraz Vany Perpetua , Gomez Renato Santiago , Guatimosim Cristina 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Sevoflurane and isoflurane are anesthetics that cause muscle relaxation and potentiate the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents. Their presynaptic mechanisms of action are not understood completely, especially at the motor nerve terminal. Methods: We compared the presynaptic effects of these anesthetics on the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles labeled with the dye FM1–43 at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Results: Neither anesthetic evoked spontaneous exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, but both significantly inhibited the depolarization evoked by 4‐aminopyridine and veratridine, suggesting a putative action on sodium channels. Exocytosis evoked by veratridine was inhibited by tetrodotoxin alone or in conjunction with sevoflurane or isoflurane, indicating that both agents may target voltage‐gated sodium channels. Conclusions: We suggest that sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit exocytosis evoked by sodium‐dependent depolarization and might act on tetrodotoxin‐sensitive sodium channels. These findings contribute to a better understanding of some clinical neuromuscular effects induced by these anesthetics. Muscle Nerve 52: 876–884, 2015
Accuracy of ICD‐9‐CM coding to identify small for gestational age newborns
Authors: Phiri Kelesitse , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Tsen Lawrence C. , Puopolo Karen M. , Seeger John D. , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) diagnosis code for small for gestational age (SGA) recorded in administrative healthcare records using birthweight and gestational age information recorded in electronic medical records.MethodsWe used billing and medical records from women aged 13–55 years who delivered at a tertiary care center in the USA between 2004 and 2011. Information on birthweight, gestational age at birth, and ICD‐9‐CM code for SGA, 656.5x, was abstracted from the database. Each infant's birthweight percentile for gestational age was calculated on the basis of published US references; infants below the 10th percentile were classified as SGA. The performance characteristics of SGA ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis code against SGA classification based on birthweight and gestational age were calculated, for all deliveries and by strata of demographic and delivery characteristics.ResultsWe identified 51 292 singleton live birth deliveries. The prevalence of SGA infants calculated from birthweight and gestational age at birth was higher (13%) than the prevalence based on ICD‐9‐CM code (2%). Sensitivity of the SGA ICD‐9‐CM code was 14.2%, specificity was 99.7%, positive predictive value was 86.8%, and negative predictive value was 88.4%. Stratification by demographic and delivery characteristics yielded similar results.ConclusionsIdentification of SGA infants using ICD‐9‐CM code, 656.5x, from administrative healthcare records has low sensitivity but high specificity; the accuracy did not differ across demographic and delivery characteristics. Thus, although this source of information would underestimate the prevalence of SGA, it could produce valid relative risk estimates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.