bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol emitters disrupt codling moth, Cydia pomonella, competitively
Authors: McGhee Peter S. , Gut Larry J. , Miller James R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIsomate® CM MIST aerosol emitters (Pacific BioControl Corp, Vancouver, WA) containing 36 g of codlemone, (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol, were deployed at various densities in a commercial apple orchard to generate dosage–response profiles in order to elucidate the behavioral mechanism of disruption.RESULTSMoth captures decreased asymptotically as Isomate® CM MIST densities increased. Data fitting to Miller–Gut and Miller–de Lame plots yielded straight lines, with positive and negative slopes respectively. Catch of male moths decreased from 28 trap−1 in the control to 0.9 trap−1 at the highest emitter density. Disruption of >90% was realized at emitter densities greater than 5 units ha−1.CONCLUSIONThe resulting set of profiles explicitly matched the predictions for competitive rather than non‐competitive disruption. Thus, these devices probably disrupt by inducing false‐plume following rather than by camouflaging traps and females. The use of 5 MIST units ha−1 would be necessary to achieve the same level of codling moth control provided by a standard pheromone treatment with passive reservoir dispensers. The need for only a few aerosol emitters, 2.5–5 units ha−1, mitigates the cost of labor required to hand‐apply hundreds of passive reservoir dispensers; however, a potential weakness in using this technology is that the low deployment density may leave areas of little or no pheromone coverage, where mate finding may occur. This technology is likely to benefit substantially from treatment of large contiguous blocks of crop. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic structure of Bemisia tabaci Med populations from home‐range countries, inferred by nuclear and cytoplasmic markers: impact on the distribution of the insecticide resistance genes
Authors: Gauthier Nathalie , Clouet Cécile , Perrakis Andreas , Kapantaidaki Despoina , Peterschmitt Michel , Tsagkarakou Anastasia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide resistance management in Bemisia tabaci is one of the main issues facing agricultural production today. An extensive survey was undertaken in five Mediterranean countries to examine the resistance status of Med B. tabaci species in its range of geographic origin and the relationship between population genetic structure and the distribution of resistance genes. The investigation combined molecular diagnostic tests, sequence and microsatellite polymorphism studies and monitoring of endosymbionts.RESULTSHigh frequencies of pyrethroid (L925I and T929V, VGSC gene) and organophosphate (F331W, ace1 gene) resistance mutations were found in France, Spain and Greece, but not in Morocco or Tunisia. Sequence analyses of the COI gene delineated two closely related mitochondrial groups (Q1 and Q2), which were found either sympatrically (Spain) or separately (France). Only Q1 was observed in Greece, Morocco and Tunisia. Bayesian analyses based on microsatellite loci revealed three geographically delineated genetic groups (France, Spain, Morocco/Greece/Tunisia) and high levels of genetic differentiation even between neighbouring samples. Evidence was also found for hybridisation and asymmetrical gene flow between Q1 and Q2.CONCLUSIONSMed B. tabaci is more diverse and structured than reported so far. On a large geographic scale, resistance is affected by population genetic structure, whereas on a local scale, agricultural practices appear to play a major role. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A Hybrid Lattice Boltzmann Method–Finite Difference Method Model for Sediment Transport and Riverbed Deformation
Authors: Liu H. , Ding Y. , Li M. , Lin P. , Yu M. H. , Shu A. P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this study, a two‐dimensional hybrid numerical model for sediment transport based on lattice Boltzmann method and finite difference method is presented. The governing equations for water flow and suspended sediment transport are the shallow water equations and the advection–diffusion equations, respectively. Sediment load is also involved, so that riverbed deformation is numerically simulated. The model is verified by testing transportation of bank‐slump sediment in a sharp bended channel with the comparison to the results of well‐accepted finite volume method, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal Analysis of Academic Burnout in Korean Middle School Students
Authors: Kim Boyoung , Lee Minyoung , Kim Keunhwa , Choi Hyunju , Lee Sang Min 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal relationships between the initial values and slopes of three dimensions of burnout syndrome (i.e. emotional exhaustion, cynicism and academic inefficacy). The study utilized four‐wave longitudinal data from a total of 367 (81.6% response rate) middle school students in South Korea. Comprising a 6‐month interval survey, the first survey was conducted in June 2010, the second in December 2010, the third in June 2011 and the fourth in December 2011. All participants were 13‐year‐olds at the first and second surveys, and 14‐year‐olds at the third and fourth surveys. The Maslach Burnout Inventory—Student Survey was used for each survey to assess the level of academic burnout. The longitudinal data were analysed using latent growth modelling. The results of the study indicated that high initial values (intercept) for emotional exhaustion were associated with a higher rate of increase (slope) in cynicism and academic inefficacy. On the other hand, high initial values for cynicism and academic inefficacy were associated with a lower rate of increase in the other dimensions. This longitudinal study should promote understanding of burned‐out students and contribute to the literature by informing the design of prevention programmes for academic burnout. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biaxial behaviour of plain concrete subjected to dynamic compression with constant lateral stress
Authors: Yan Dongming , Xu Shilang , Chen Genda , Li Hedong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamic biaxial behaviour of concrete by testing more than 60 cubic specimens on a custom‐designed, servo‐hydraulic‐controlled machine. Each specimen was axially loaded in compression at a constant strain rate of 10–5, 10–4, 10–3 or 10–2 s–1 while two opposite side faces were subjected to a constant confining pressure and the other two side faces were free. The confining pressure applied to each specimen was 0, 30.5, 61.0 or 91.5 % of its uniaxial compressive strength. Test results indicate that the biaxial strength of concrete increases with strain rate at a reduced slope as confining pressure increases. The failure mode of the concrete specimens was basically unaffected by the strain rate. An empirical relation for the ultimate strength of concrete in a biaxial stress state was developed taking into account the effects of both confinement and strain rate.
Effects of antidepressant drug exposure on gene expression in the developing cerebral cortex
Authors: Tsapakis Evangelia M. , Fernandes Cathy , Moran‐Gates Taylor , Basu Amlan , Sugden Karen , Aitchison Katherine J. , Tarazi Frank I. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTo clarify the basis of limited responses in children and adolescents to antidepressant treatments considered standard in the treatment of adult major depressive disorder, juvenile Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 21‐day treatment with dissimilar antidepressant drugs fluoxetine, imipramine, or vehicle control. Total RNA was extracted from brain frontal cortices and hybridized to the Affymetrix 230.2 chip. A total of 18 microarrays were analyzed (i.e., six biological replicates in three treatment groups). Transcripts identified were validated using Taqman real‐time quantitative PCR methodology, and the relative expression of each gene was also determined. In both the imipramine‐ and fluoxetine‐treated animals, expression of six genes was down‐regulated (ANOVA‐filtered gene expression data using dChip [version 2005]): Gpd1; Lrrn3; Sult1A1; Angptl4; Mt1a; Unknown. Furthermore, four genes were over‐expressed: P4Ha1; RDG1311476; Rgc32; and SLC25A18‐like by both imipramine and fluoxetine. These data demonstrate that antidepressant drugs interfere with the expression of genes involved in cell signaling, survival, and protein metabolism. Our results show that antidepressants regulate the induction of highly specific transcriptional programs in the developing frontal cortex. These findings provide novel insights into the long‐term molecular actions of antidepressant drugs in the developing brain. Synapse 68:209–220, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resting‐state functional connectivity MRI reveals active processes central to cognition
Authors: Stevens W. Dale , Spreng R. Nathan 
Published: January 2014

Analysis of spontaneously correlated low‐frequency activity fluctuations across the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—commonly referred to as resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) MRI—was initially seen as a useful tool for mapping functional‐anatomic networks in the living human brain, characterizing brain changes and differences in clinical populations, and studying comparative anatomy across species. However, little was known about the potential relevance of RSFC to cognitive processes. Indeed, there has been considerable controversy and debate as to the utility of studying the resting‐state in cognitive neuroscience. However, recent work has shown that RSFC, rather than merely reflecting passive or epiphenomenal activity within underlying functional‐anatomic networks, reveals important dynamic processes that play an active role in cognition. RSFC has been associated with individual differences in a number of behavioral and cognitive domains, including perception, language, learning and memory, and the organization of conceptual knowledge. In this article, we review and integrate the latest research demonstrating that RSFC is functionally relevant to human behavior and higher‐level cognition, and propose a hypothesis regarding its mechanism of action on functional network dynamics and cognition. We conclude that RSFC MRI will be an invaluable tool for future discovery of the fundamental neurocognitive interactions that underlie cognition. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:233–245. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1275This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
Neuroscience > Physiology
Neuroscience > Plasticity
The dreams of theory
Authors: Crutchfield James P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractComputing power and sophisticated data acquisition mask the fact that, in many sciences and engineering, the balance between theory and experiment is getting increasingly out of whack. The imbalance becomes an even greater concern in light of the increasingly complex natural systems science now confronts and the increasingly complex and interdependent sociotechnical systems modern engineering allows us to construct. Given its critical role in understanding such complex systems, Big Theory deserves a place alongside Big Data and Big Iron, says Jim Crutchfield. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:75–79. doi: 10.1002/wics.1290This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Applications of Computational Statistics > Education in Computational Statistics
Understanding principles of miRNA target recognition and function through integrated biological and bioinformatics approaches
Authors: Carroll Adam P. , Goodall Gregory J. , Liu Bing 
Published: January 2014

In recent times, microRNA (miRNA) have emerged as primary regulators of fundamental biological processes including cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, as well as synaptic plasticity. However, miRNAs bind their targets with only partial complementarity, making it very challenging to determine exactly how a miRNA is functioning in specific biological environments. This review discusses key principles of miRNA target recognition and function which have emerged through the progressive advancement of biological and bioinformatics approaches. Ultimately, the integration of gene expression and biochemical methods with sequence‐ and systems‐based bioinformatics approaches will reveal profound insights regarding the importance of target contextual features in determining miRNA target recognition and regulatory outcome, as well as the importance of RNA interaction networks in enabling miRNA to regulate different target genes and functions in specific biological contexts. There is therefore a demand for the elegant design of future experiments such that principles of context‐specific miRNA target recognition and regulatory outcome can be accurately modeled in normal developmental and disease states.This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Yeast hydrolysate supplementation increases field abundance and persistence of sexually mature sterile Queensland fruit fly,Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)
Authors: Reynolds O.L. , Orchard B.A. , Collins S.R. , Taylor P.W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is a non-chemical approach used to control major pests from several insect families, including Tephritidae, and entails the mass-release of sterile insects that reduce fertility of wild populations. For SIT to succeed, released sterile males must mature and compete with wild males to mate with wild females. To reach sexual maturity, the Queensland fruit fly,Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), must obtain adequate nutrition after adult emergence; however, in current SIT programs sterileB. tryonireceive a pre-release diet that lacks key nutrients required to sustain sexual development. The chief objective of this study was to determine whether pre-release yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplements affect the persistence and abundance of sexually mature sterile maleB. tryoniunder field conditions. Experiments were run in outdoor cages under conditions of low and high environmental stress that differed markedly in temperature and humidity, and in the field. Under low environmental stress conditions, survival of sterileB. tryoniwas monitored in cages under three diet treatments: (i) sugar only, (ii) sugar plus YH or (iii) sugar plus YH for 48 h and sugar only thereafter. Under high environmental stress conditions survival of sterileB. tryoniwas monitored in cages under four diet treatments: (i) white sugar only, (ii) brown sugar only, (iii) white sugar plus YH and (iv) brown sugar plus YH. In a replicated field study, we released colour-marked sterileB. tryonifrom two diet regimes, YH-supplemented or YH-deprived, and monitored abundance of sexually mature males. In the low-stress cage study, there was no effect of diet, although overall females lived longer than males. In the high stress cage study, mortality was lower for YH-fed flies than YH-deprived flies and females lived longer than males. In the field, YH supplementation resulted in higher abundance of sexually mature sterile males, with 1.2 YH-fed flies trapped for every YH-deprived fly trapped. Under field conditions, YH supplementation can increase over-flooding ratios and hence may improve the effectiveness of SIT programmes.
Age differences in achievement goals and motivational characteristics of work in an ageing workforce
Authors: HEIDEMEIER HEIKE , STAUDINGER URSULA M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis study reviews theory and results from developmental psychology to examine age differences in workplace achievement goals. We investigated whether goal level decreases with age and, by comparing the relative strength of different goals within individuals, we examined whether dominant achievement goals are related to age. In a large sample of employees (N=747), older workers' higher affective commitment and intrinsic motivation compensated for age-related decline in the importance of achievement goals. Whether learning-approach and learning-avoidance were dominant goals was not related to age but instead to skill level, affective commitment and intrinsically satisfying work. Dominant performance-approach goals were more common among males. Performance-avoidance was most likely to be a dominant goal among older males. Moreover, with age, performance-goal orientations had increasingly maladaptive consequences for self-efficacy and affect at work.
Cross-regulation of Connexin43 and β-catenin influences differentiation of human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Rinaldi F , Hartfield E M , Crompton L A , Badger J L , Glover C P , Kelly C M , Rosser A E , Uney J B , Caldwell M A 
Published: January 2014

AbstractConnexin43 (Cx43) is the most widely and abundantly expressed gap junction (GJ) protein and it is strongly associated with the regulation of cell cycle progression. Emerging roles for Cx43 in cell adhesion and migration during neural differentiation have also been recently recognized, and this has emphasized the involvement of Cx43 in different physiological process beyond its role as a GJ protein. In this study, we explore the function of Cx43 in the differentiation of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) using viral vectors that mediate the overexpression or knockdown of the protein. Results showed that in the absence of this protein fetal cortex-derived hNPCs differentiated toward a neuronal phenotype at expenses of a glial phenotype. Furthermore, the silencing of Cx43 did not affect hNPC proliferation rate or numbers of apoptotic cells. The increase in the number of neurons was not recapitulated when GJ intercellular communications were pharmacologically blocked, and this suggested that Cx43 was influencing hNPCs differentiation with a GJ-independent effect. In addition, Cx43 knockdown significantly increased β-catenin signaling, which has been shown to regulate the transcription of pro-neuronal genes during embryonic neural development. Our results add further support to the hypothesis that Cx43 protein itself regulates key signaling pathways during development and neurogenesis beyond its role as GJ protein.
Single-cell enabled comparative genomics of a deep ocean SAR11 bathytype
Authors: Thrash J Cameron , Temperton Ben , Swan Brandon K , Landry Zachary C , Woyke Tanja , DeLong Edward F , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Giovannoni Stephan J 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Bacterioplankton of the SAR11 clade are the most abundant microorganisms in marine systems, usually representing 25% or more of the total bacterial cells in seawater worldwide. SAR11 is divided into subclades with distinct spatiotemporal distributions (ecotypes), some of which appear to be specific to deep water. Here we examine the genomic basis for deep ocean distribution of one SAR11 bathytype (depth-specific ecotype), subclade Ic. Four single-cell Ic genomes, with estimated completeness of 55%–86%, were isolated from 770 m at station ALOHA and compared with eight SAR11 surface genomes and metagenomic datasets. Subclade Ic genomes dominated metagenomic fragment recruitment below the euphotic zone. They had similar COG distributions, high local synteny and shared a large number (69%) of orthologous clusters with SAR11 surface genomes, yet were distinct at the 16S rRNA gene and amino-acid level, and formed a separate, monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees. Subclade Ic genomes were enriched in genes associated with membrane/cell wall/envelope biosynthesis and showed evidence of unique phage defenses. The majority of subclade Ic-specfic genes were hypothetical, and some were highly abundant in deep ocean metagenomic data, potentially masking mechanisms for niche differentiation. However, the evidence suggests these organisms have a similar metabolism to their surface counterparts, and that subclade Ic adaptations to the deep ocean do not involve large variations in gene content, but rather more subtle differences previously observed deep ocean genomic data, like preferential amino-acid substitutions, larger coding regions among SAR11 clade orthologs, larger intergenic regions and larger estimated average genome size.
The quest for a unified view of bacterial land colonization
Authors: Wu Hao , Fang Yongjun , Yu Jun , Zhang Zhang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Exploring molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial water-to-land transition represents a critical start toward a better understanding of the functioning and stability of the terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we perform comprehensive analyses based on a large variety of bacteria by integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and metagenomic data, in the quest for a unified view that elucidates genomic, evolutionary and ecological dynamics of the marine progenitors in adapting to nonaquatic environments. We hypothesize that bacterial land colonization is dominated by a single-gene sweep, that is, the emergence of dnaE2 derived from an early duplication event of the primordial dnaE, followed by a series of niche-specific genomic adaptations, including GC content increase, intensive horizontal gene transfer and constant genome expansion. In addition, early bacterial radiation may be stimulated by an explosion of land-borne hosts (for example, plants and animals) after initial land colonization events.
Evolutionary analysis of a streamlined lineage of surface ocean Roseobacters
Authors: Luo Haiwei , Swan Brandon K , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Hughes Austin L , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe vast majority of surface ocean bacteria are uncultivated. Compared with their cultured relatives, they frequently exhibit a streamlined genome, reduced G+C content and distinct gene repertoire. These genomic traits are relevant to environmental adaptation, and have generally been thought to become fixed in marine bacterial populations through selection. Using single-cell genomics, we sequenced four uncultivated cells affiliated with the ecologically relevant Roseobacter clade and used a composition-heterogeneous Bayesian phylogenomic model to resolve these single-cell genomes into a new clade. This lineage has no representatives in culture, yet accounts for ∼35% of Roseobacters in some surface ocean waters. Analyses of multiple genomic traits, including genome size, G+C content and percentage of noncoding DNA, suggest that these single cells are representative of oceanic Roseobacters but divergent from isolates. Population genetic analyses showed that substitution of physicochemically dissimilar amino acids and replacement of G+C-rich to G+C-poor codons are accelerated in the uncultivated clade, processes that are explained equally well by genetic drift as by the more frequently invoked explanation of natural selection. The relative importance of drift vs selection in this clade, and perhaps in other marine bacterial clades with streamlined G+C-poor genomes, remains unresolved until more evidence is accumulated.