bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Solid Lesions in the Pancreas With Multimodal Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Cui Haochen , Zhao Yuchong , Xiong Si , Feng Yunlu , Li Peng , Lv Ying , Chen Qian , Wang Ronghua , Xie Pengtao , Luo Zhenlong , Cheng Sideng , Wang Wujun , Li Xing , Xiong Dingkun , Cao Xinyuan , Bai Shuya , Yang Aiming , Cheng Bin 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceDiagnosing solid lesions in the pancreas via endoscopic ultrasonographic (EUS) images is challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to help with such diagnosis, but existing AI models focus solely on a single modality.ObjectiveTo advance the clinical diagnosis of solid lesions in the pancreas through developing a multimodal AI model integrating both clinical information and EUS images.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this randomized crossover trial conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2023, from 4 centers across China, 12 endoscopists of varying levels of expertise were randomly assigned to diagnose solid lesions in the pancreas with or without AI assistance. Endoscopic ultrasonographic images and clinical information of 439 patients from 1 institution who had solid lesions in the pancreas between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2022, were collected to train and validate the joint-AI model, while 189 patients from 3 external institutions were used to evaluate the robustness and generalizability of the model.InterventionConventional or AI-assisted diagnosis of solid lesions in the pancreas.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn the retrospective dataset, the performance of the joint-AI model was evaluated internally and externally. In the prospective dataset, diagnostic performance of the endoscopists with or without the AI assistance was compared.ResultsThe retrospective dataset included 628 patients (400 men [63.7%]; mean [SD] age, 57.7 [27.4] years) who underwent EUS procedures. A total of 130 patients (81 men [62.3%]; mean [SD] age, 58.4 [11.7] years) were prospectively recruited for the crossover trial. The area under the curve of the joint-AI model ranged from 0.996 (95% CI, 0.993-0.998) in the internal test dataset to 0.955 (95% CI, 0.940-0.968), 0.924 (95% CI, 0.888-0.955), and 0.976 (95% CI, 0.942-0.995) in the 3 external test datasets, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of novice endoscopists was significantly enhanced with AI assistance (0.69 [95% CI, 0.61-0.76] vs 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83-0.94]; P &amp;lt; .001), and the supplementary interpretability information alleviated the skepticism of the experienced endoscopists.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized crossover trial of diagnosing solid lesions in the pancreas with or without AI assistance, the joint-AI model demonstrated positive human-AI interaction, which suggested its potential to facilitate a clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, future randomized clinical trials are warranted.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05476978
Utilizing thalamic deep brain stimulation for an electronic seizure diary in a definite sudden unexpected death in epilepsy case
Authors: Suresh Surya , Vakilna Yash , Vashin Vladimir , Lhatoo Samden , Pati Sandipan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a serious threat to individuals with intractable epilepsies, contributing to premature mortality. Understanding the elusive pathophysiological mechanisms of SUDEP, especially in cases without observable terminal events, remains a crucial area for investigation. This study aimed to shed light on the burden of epileptiform activity preceding SUDEP by utilizing an automated electronic seizure diary derived from a sensing‐enabled thalamic deep brain stimulator (DBS).MethodsHerein, we present the case of a 57‐year‐old man afflicted with intractable multifocal epilepsy secondary to cortical dysplasia and encephalomalacia resulting from severe traumatic brain injury. Despite an initial successful resection and subsequent resurgence of seizures necessitating DBS treatment, the patient tragically succumbed to SUDEP.ResultsIn‐depth analysis of the patient's electronic seizure diary, complemented by data from the sensing‐enabled DBS, unveiled a terminal electrographic seizure. Notably, we observed a significant increase in power within specific frequency bands recorded from the thalamus preceding the terminal event. Furthermore, these heightened band power events displayed a discernible temporal clustering pattern, primarily manifesting during specific morning and evening hours. An autopsy conclusively confirmed the diagnosis of definite SUDEP.InterpretationThis unique case report underscores the feasibility of harnessing thalamic DBS sensing capabilities to monitor seizure burden and, potentially, to tailor interventions aimed at reducing seizure frequency and associated mortality risks.
Machine‐Learning Aided First‐Principles Prediction of Earth‐Abundant Pnictogen Chalcohalide Solid Solutions for Solar‐Cell Devices
Authors: López Cibrán , Caño Ivan , Rovira David , Benítez Pol , Asensi José Miguel , Jehl Zacharie , Tamarit Josep‐Lluís , Saucedo Edgardo , Cazorla Claudio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiscovering novel families of materials composed of earth‐abundant elements and characterized by non‐toxicity, high thermodynamic stability, and simple low‐temperature synthesis processes, is paramount for the advancement of urgently needed energy storage and conversion technologies. Pnictogen chalcohalides, represented by the general formula ABC (A = Bi, Sb; B = S, Se; C = I, Br), emerge as a promising class of energy materials particularly well‐suited for photovoltaic applications. However, the compositional landscape of BixSb1 − xSySe1 − yIzBr1 − z is vast and remains largely unexplored, with traditional experimental and theoretical exploration techniques facing limitations in covering the entire solid‐solution range due to their labor‐intensive and time‐consuming nature. Here, an integrated bottom‐up approach that combines first‐principles calculations, machine learning models, experiments, and device optimizations is introduced to provide a comprehensive fundamental understanding of pnictogen chalcohalides with arbitrary composition and to expedite the design of high‐performance multi‐junction solar cells. The synergistic investigations unveil a broad and continuous spectrum of bandgaps and optical absorption coefficients ranging from 1.2 to 2.1 eV and from 2.5 · 105 to 6.6 · 105 cm−1, respectively, across a wide variety of thermodynamically stable compounds. Additionally, a tandem BiSBr–BiSeI device is identified as an optimal multi‐junction solar cell, exhibiting a maximum short‐circuit current density of 18.65 mA cm−2 under intensity‐matching conditions. The introduced bottom‐up materials design approach may facilitate an unprecedented and rapid translation of basic knowledge into the most demanded solar cell applications.
Dual‐Functional Nanodroplet for Tumor Vasculature Ultrasound Imaging and Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Remodeling
Authors: Liang Yuan , Zhang Siyan , Wang Dingyi , Ji Panpan , Zhang Bin , Wu Pengying , Wang Lantian , Liu Zhaoyou , Wang Jia , Duan Yunyou , Yuan Lijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurately evaluating tumor neoangiogenesis and conducting precise interventions toward an immune‐favorable microenvironment are of significant clinical importance. In this study, a novel nanodroplet termed as the nanodroplet‐based ultrasound contrast agent and therapeutic (NDsUCA/Tx) is designed for ultrasound imaging and precise interventions of tumor neoangiogenesis. Briefly, the NDsUCA/Tx shell is constructed from an engineered CMs containing the tumor antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) extracellular domain 2–3, and CD93 ligand multimerin 2. The core is composed of perfluorohexane and the immune adjuvant R848. After injection, NDsUCA/Tx is found to be enriched in the tumor vasculature with high expression of CD93. When triggered by ultrasound, the perfluorohexane in NDsUCA/Tx underwent acoustic droplet vaporization and generated an enhanced ultrasound signal. Some microbubbles exploded and the resultant debris (with tumor antigen and R848) together with the adsorbed VEGF are taken up by nearby cells. This cleared the local VEGF for vascular normalization, and also served as a vaccine to activate the immune response. Using a syngeneic mouse model, the satisfactory performance of NDsUCA/Tx in tumor vasculature imaging and immune activation is confirmed. Thus, a multifunctional NDsUCA/Tx is successfully developed for molecular imaging of tumor neoangiogenesis and precise remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.
1H pulsed NMR measurement of reactivity of silane coupling agents for conservation of cultural heritage sites
Authors: Nakamura Yoshinobu , Takenaka Ayuna , Sakai Hinari , Ikeda Asuha , Tsuruta Hiroaki , Yasumuro Yoshihiro , Suemori Kaoru , Suita Hiroshi , Uetsuji Yasutomo , Moriuchi‐Kawakami Takayo , Hirai Tomoyasu , Fujii Syuji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe network structure and reactivity of suitable restoration agent consisting of silane coupling agents (SCAs) of the brittle walls of a cultural heritage site located underground in a desert area in Egypt were investigated using 1H pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (pulse NMR). It should possess both high coagulation strength and ductility to ensure that it can withstand an earthquake; it should also contain ethoxy rather than methoxy groups, which generate toxic methanol. The solidification rate for the SCA or oligomer with ethoxy groups was lower than those with methoxy groups; however, the final polycondensates showed the same relaxation time (hardness). The difference spectrum was developed newly to analyze the network structure combined higher strength and ductility. The distribution of crosslinking degree of such polycondensates was narrow, and the amount of lower crosslinking degree was small. On the other hand, the distribution was wide in the polycondensates with ductility but lower strength. From the compression tests of model sand solidified with the restoration agent for both methoxy and ethoxy types showed the superior properties combined higher strength and ductility. The pulse NMR experiment was useful for estimating the solidification rate and the network structure.
Waste nylon fishing net fiber incorporated natural rubber composites as a remedy for waste reusing into a value‐added material
Authors: Thilakarathne K. N. D. , Premachandra J. K. , Mudiyanselage T. Kuruwita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on reusing the waste fishing nets with natural rubber (NR) to create a value‐added composite material. WNF fibers at different loadings (2, 4, and 6 phr) and lengths (2, 3, 5, and 7 mm) were investigated for a general tire formulation. The anisotropic nature of WNF was evident in tear strength, with optimal results for 2 mm, 2 phr fiber loading. It displayed 15.87% improvement longitudinally compared with the control. Further, it displayed improved 5.55% hardness, whereas resilience, abrasion volume loss, and tensile strength were decreased. In the second stage, these fibers treated with KOH (2%, 6%, and 10%) with the expectation of enhancing the mechanical properties. The 2% KOH‐treated sample presented a significant escalation in hardness (+12.50%), resilience (+6.25%), abrasion volume loss (+3.63%), tear strength (+17.23%), and tensile strength (+8.20%) as of the control. Partial replacement of carbon black (CB) with 2% KOH treated 2 mm 2 phr WNF was evaluated. A 9% of CB in rubber compound was easily supersede by WNF. Our findings indicated that WNF fibers could be reuse as a filler in rubber composite where special property enhancements are advantageous in tire technology.
Model‐based interspecies interpretation of botulinum neurotoxin type A on muscle‐contraction inhibition
Authors: Ryu Hyo‐jeong , Kwak Seongsung , Park Misun , Yun Hwi‐yeol 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are commonly used in therapeutic and cosmetic applications. One such neurotoxin, BoNT type A (BoNT/A), has been studied widely for its effects on muscle function and contraction. Despite the importance of BoNT/A products, determining the blood concentrations of these toxins can be challenging. To address this, researchers have focused on pharmacodynamic (PD) markers, including compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and digit abduction scoring (DAS). In this study, we aimed to develop a probabilistic kinetic‐pharmacodynamic (K‐PD) model to interpret CMAP and DAS data obtained from mice and rats during the development of BoNT/A products. The researchers also wanted to gain a better understanding of how the estimated parameters from the model relate to the bridging of animal models to human responses. We used female Institute of Cancer Research mice and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats to measure CMAP and DAS levels over 32 weeks after administering BoNT/A. We developed a muscle‐contraction inhibition model using a virtual pharmacokinetic (PK) compartment combined with an indirect response model and performed model diagnostics using goodness‐of‐fit analysis, visual predictive checks (VPC), and bootstrap analysis. The CMAP and DAS profiles were dose‐dependent, with recovery times varying depending on the administered dose. The final K‐PD model effectively characterized the data and provided insights into species‐specific differences in the PK and PD parameters. Overall, this study demonstrated the utility of PK‐PD modeling in understanding the effects of BoNT/A and provides a foundation for future research on other BoNT/A products.
Estimates and measurements of radiofrequency exposures in smart‐connected homes
Authors: Joyner Kenneth , Milligan Michael , Knipe Phillip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this research was to quantify the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic energy (RF‐EME) in a residential home/apartment equipped with a range of wireless devices, often referred to as internet of things (IoT) devices or smart devices and subsequently develop a tool that could be useful for estimating the levels of RF‐EME in a domestic environment. Over the course of 3 years measurements were performed in peoples' homes on a total of 43 devices across 16 device categories. Another 12 devices were measured in detail in a laboratory setup. In all a total of 55 individual devices across 23 device categories were measured. Based on this measurement data we developed predictive software that showed that even with a single device in 23 device categories operating near maximum they would, in total, produce exposures at a distance of 1 m of 0.17% of the ICNIRP (2020) public exposure limits. Measurements were also made in two separate smart apartments—one contained over 50 IoT devices and a second with over 100 IoT devices with the devices driven as hard as could reasonably be achieved. The respective 6‐min average exposure level recorded were 0.0077% and 0.44% of the ICNIRP (2020) 30‐min average public exposure limit.
Genotoxic stress impacts pre‐mRNA 3′‐end processing
Authors: Biswas Biswendu , Vagner Stéphan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenotoxic stress, arising from various environmental sources and endogenous cellular processes, pose a constant threat to genomic stability. Cells have evolved intricate mechanisms to detect and repair DNA damage, orchestrating a robust genotoxic stress response to safeguard the integrity of the genome. Recent research has shed light on the crucial role of co‐ and post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in modulating the cellular response to genotoxic stress. Here we highlight recent advances illustrating the intricate interplay between pre‐mRNA processing, with a focus on 3′‐end processing, and genotoxic stress response.
Quality of care for dual eligible beneficiaries in the oncology care model
Authors: Liang Xinyu , Zhu Ziwei , Faraj Kassem , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Herrel Lindsey A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionDual eligible beneficiaries are a vulnerable population who often experience inferior access to care and outcomes compared to non‐dual eligible beneficiaries. The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is an alternative payment model that aims to improve coordination and quality of care in beneficiaries receiving chemotherapy and thus may improve care for dual eligible beneficiaries with cancer.MethodsWe used 100% Medicare claims data from 2014 through 2019 and included beneficiaries with bladder, breast, esophageal, colorectal, kidney, lung, pancreatic, or prostate cancer receiving chemotherapy. We constructed multivariable difference‐in‐differences regression models to evaluate the effect of OCM participation on healthcare utilization and quality of care at the end‐of‐life among dual eligible beneficiaries. We also compared healthcare utilization and quality of care outcomes to non‐dual eligible beneficiaries.ResultsWe identified 3,043,944 episodes of care among 1,260,892 unique Medicare beneficiaries. Ten percent of all beneficiaries (n = 126,758) were dual eligible and 64,087 (22%) of episodes among dual eligible patients were in an OCM participating practice. We noted no effect of OCM participation on healthcare utilization or end‐of‐life quality of care for dual eligible beneficiaries. However, we observed higher rates of hospitalization, emergency department visits, intensive care unit stays, and a lower number of office visits among dual eligible beneficiaries compared to non‐dual eligible beneficiaries.ConclusionsParticipation in OCM was not associated with improvements in quality of care or healthcare utilization for dual eligible beneficiaries. Dual eligible beneficiaries experience lower quality of care across several measures compared to non‐dual eligible beneficiaries. Focused policies and incentives may be necessary to address disparities within emerging health reforms.
Noninvasive prediction of CCL2 expression level in high‐grade glioma patients
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Wang Yamei , Zhang Qing , Wei XiaoMing , Yao Yuan , Xia Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundGliomas are recognized as the most frequent type of malignancies in the central nervous system, and efficacious prognostic indicators are essential to treat patients with gliomas and improve their clinical outcomes. The chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a promising predictor for glioma malignancy and progression. However, at present, the methods to evaluate CCL2 expression level are invasive and operator‐dependent.ObjectiveIt was expected to noninvasively predict CCL2 expression levels in malignant glioma tissues by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics and assess the association between the developed radiomics model and prognostic indicators and related genes.MethodsMRI‐based radiomics was used to predict CCL2 expression level using data obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. A support vector machine (SVM)‐based radiomics model and a logistic regression (LR)‐based radiomics model were used to predict the radiomics score, and its correlation with CCL2 expression level was analyzed.ResultsThe results revealed that there was an association between CCL2 expression level and the overall survival of cases with gliomas, and bioinformatics correlation analysis showed that CCL2 expression level was highly correlated with disease‐related pathways, such as mTOR signaling pathway, cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Both SVM‐ and LR‐based radiomics data robustly predicted CCL2 expression level, and radiomics scores could also be used to predict the overall survival of patients. Moreover, the high/low radiomics scores were highly correlated with the known glioma‐related genes, including CD70, CD27, and PDCD1.ConclusionAn MRI‐based radiomics model was successfully developed, and its clinical benefits were confirmed, including the prediction of CCL2 expression level and patients' prognosis.
Select gene mutations associated with survival outcomes in ER‐positive ERBB2‐negative early‐stage invasive breast cancer: A single‐institutional tissue bank study
Authors: Kok Victor C. , Huang To‐Yu , Hsu Yi‐Chiung , Chang Yuan‐Ching , Yang Po‐Sheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe prognostic capability of targeted sequencing of primary tumors in patients with estrogen receptor‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2‐negative early‐stage invasive breast cancer (EBC) in a real‐world setting is uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to determine the correlation between a 22‐gene mutational profile and long‐term survival outcomes in patients with ER+/ERBB2‐ EBC.Patients and MethodsA total of 73 women diagnosed with ER+/ERBB2‐ EBC between January 10, 2004, and June 2, 2008, were followed up until December 31, 2022. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were constructed to plot the relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The log‐rank test derived p‐value was obtained. For external validation, we performed a survival analysis of 1163 comparable patients retrieved from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) dataset.ResultsAt follow‐up, 16 (21.9%) patients had relapsed, while 21 (nearly 29%) harbored mutant genes. Thirty‐three missense mutations were detected in 14 genes. The median ages were 51 and 46 years in patients with and without mutations, respectively. Patients with any mutation had a 1.85‐fold higher risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–5.69) compared to those without any mutation. Patients who harbored any of the six genes (MAP2K4, FGFR3, APC, KIT, RB1, and PTEN) had a nearly 6‐fold increase in the risk of relapse (HR: 5.82, 95% CI: 1.31–18.56; p = 0.0069). Multivariate Cox models revealed that the adjusted HR for RFS and OS were 6.67 (95% CI: 1.32–27.57) and 8.31 (p = 0.0443), respectively. METABRIC analysis also demonstrated a trend to significantly worse RFS (p = 0.0576) in the subcohort grouped by having a mutation in any of the six genes.ConclusionsOur single‐institution tissue bank study of Taiwanese women with ER+/ERBB2‐ EBC suggests that a novel combination of six gene mutations might have prognostic capability for survival outcomes.
Solvent Effect on Dative and Ionic Bond Strengths: A Unified Theory from Potential Analysis and Valence‐Bond Computations
Authors: Peng Xinru , Li Jiayao , Fan Yakun , Wang Xubin , Yin Shiwei , Wang Changwei , Mo Yirong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolvent molecules interact with a solute through various intermolecular forces. Here we employed a potential energy surface (PES) analysis to interpret the solvent‐induced variations in the strengths of dative (Me3NBH3) and ionic (LiCl) bonds, which possess both ionic and covalent (neutral) characteristics. The change of a bond is driven by the gradient (force) of the solvent‐solute interaction energy with respect to the focused bond length. Positive force shortens the bond length and increases the bond force constant, leading to a blue‐shift of the bond stretching vibrational frequency upon solvation. Conversely, negative force elongates the bond, resulting in a reduced bond force constant and red‐shift of the stretching vibrational frequency. The different responses of Me3NBH3 and LiCl to solvation are studied with valence bond (VB) theory, as Me3NBH3 and LiCl are dominated by the neutral covalent VB structure and the ionic VB structure, respectively. The dipole moment of an ionic VB structure increases along the increasing bond distance, while the dipole moment of a neutral covalent VB structure increases with the decreasing bond distance. The roles of the dominating VB structures are further examined by the geometry optimizations and frequency calculations with the block‐localized wavefunction (BLW) method.