bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk profiling of tobacco epidemic and estimated number of smokers living in China: a cross-sectional study based on PBICR
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Zhou Haozheng , He Wenjun , Yang Jiao , Yin Xuanhao , Shalayiding Sufelia , Ren Na , Zhou Yan , Rao Xinyi , Zhang Nuofan , Xiong Man , Wang Yueying , Yang Wenfu , Wu Yibo , Chen Jiangyun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Evidence on the prevalence of smoking in China remains insufficient, with most previous studies focusing on a single region. However, smoking prevalence exhibits significant inequalities across the entire country. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of tobacco prevalence across the country, taking into account spatial inequalities.

Methods
The data used in this study were collected in 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities directly under the central government in 2022. Large population survey data were used, and a Bayesian geostatistical model was employed to investigate smoking prevalence rates across multiple spatial domains.

Findings
Significant spatial variations were observed in smokers and exposure to secondhand smoke across China. Higher levels of smokers and secondhand smoke exposure were observed in western and northeastern regions. Additionally, the autonomous region of Tibet, Shanghai municipality, and Yunnan province had the highest prevalence of smokers, while Tibet, Qinghai province, and Yunnan province had the highest prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke.

Conclusion
We have developed a model-based, high-resolution nationwide assessment of smoking risks and employed rigorous Bayesian geostatistical models to help visualize smoking prevalence predictions. These prediction maps provide estimates of the geographical distribution of smoking, which will serve as strong evidence for the formulation and implementation of smoking cessation policies.

Highlights
Our study investigated the prevalence of smokers and exposure to secondhand smoke in different spatial areas of China and explored various factors influencing the smoking prevalence. For the first time, our study applied Bayesian geostatistical modeling to generate a risk prediction map of smoking prevalence, which provides a more intuitive and clear understanding of the spatial disparities in smoking prevalence across different geographical regions, economic levels, and development status. We found significant spatial variations in smokers and secondhand smoke exposure in China, with higher rates in the western and northeastern regions.
Comprehensive identification of ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3)-interacting proteins in the mouse brain
Authors: Ageta Hiroshi , Nishioka Tomoki , Yamaguchi Hisateru , Tsuchida Kunihiro , Ageta-Ishihara Natsumi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiscovery of novel post-translational modifications provides new insights into changes in protein function, localization, and stability. They are also key elements in understanding disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. We have previously reported that ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) serves as a novel post-translational modifier that is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, in addition to various other organs, and that 60% of proteins contained in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes, are influenced by UBL3. In this study, we generated transgenic mice expressing biotinylated UBL3 in the forebrain under control of the alpha-CaMKII promoter (Ubl3Tg/+). Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of UBL3 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was 6- to 7-fold higher than that in the cerebellum. Therefore, we performed immunoprecipitation of protein extracts from the cerebral cortex of Ubl3+/+ and Ubl3Tg/+ mice using avidin beads to comprehensively discover UBL3 interacting proteins, identifying 35 new UBL3 interacting proteins. Nine proteins were annotated as extracellular exosomes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggested a new relationship between sEVs and RNA metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. We confirmed the association of endogenous UBL3 with the RNA-binding proteins FUS and HPRT1—both listed in the Neurodegenerative Diseases Variation Database (NDDVD)—and with LYPLA1, which is involved in Huntington’s disease, using immunoprecipitation (IP)-western blotting analysis. These UBL3 interacting proteins will accelerate the continued elucidation of sEV research about proteins regulated by novel post-translational modifications by UBL3 in the brain.
Discovering novel germline genetic variants linked to severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity in- and outside DPYD
Authors: Knikman Jonathan E. , Zhai Qinglian , Lunenburg Carin A. T. C. , Henricks Linda M. , Böhringer Stefan , van der Lee Maaike , de Man Femke M. , Offer Steven M. , Shrestha Shikshya , Creemers Geert-Jan , Baars Arnold , Dezentjé Vincent O. , Imholz Alexander L. T. , Jeurissen Frank J. F. , Portielje Johanna E. A. , Jansen Rob L. H. , Hamberg Paul , Droogendijk Helga J. , Koopman Miriam , Nieboer Peter , van de Poel Marlène H. W. , Mandigers Caroline M. P. W. , van Schaik Ron H. N. , Gelderblom Hans , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Schellens Jan H. M. , Cats Annemieke , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Swen Jesse J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The Alpe-DPD study (NCT02324452) demonstrated that prospective genotyping and dose-individualization using four alleles in DPYD (DPYD*2A/rs3918290, c.1236G > A/rs75017182, c.2846A > T/rs67376798 and c.1679 T > G/rs56038477) can mitigate the risk of severe fluoropyrimidine toxicity. However, this could not prevent all toxicities. The goal of this study was to identify additional genetic variants, both inside and outside DPYD, that may contribute to fluoropyrimidine toxicity.

Methods
Biospecimens and data from the Alpe-DPD study were used. Exon sequencing was performed to identify risk variants inside DPYD. In silico and in vitro analyses were used to classify DPYD variants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) with severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity was performed to identify variants outside DPYD. Association with severe toxicity was assessed using matched-pair analyses for the exon sequencing and logistic, Cox, and ordinal regression analyses for GWAS.

Results
Twenty-four non-synonymous, frameshift, and splice site DPYD variants were detected in ten of 986 patients. Seven of these variants (c.1670C > T, c.1913 T > C, c.1925 T > C, c.506delC, c.731A > C, c.1740 + 1G > T, c.763 − 2A > G) were predicted to be deleterious. The carriers of either of these variants showed a trend towards a 2.14-fold (95% CI, 0.41–11.3, P = 0.388) increased risk of severe toxicity compared to matched controls (N = 30). After GWAS of 942 patients, no individual single nucleotide polymorphisms achieved genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5 × 10−8), however, five variants were suggestive of association (P < 5 × 10−6) with severe toxicity.

Conclusions
Results from DPYD exon sequencing and GWAS analysis did not identify additional genetic variants associated with severe toxicity, which suggests that testing for single markers at a population level currently has limited clinical value. Identifying additional variants on an individual level is still promising to explain fluoropyrimidine-related severe toxicity. In addition, studies with larger samples sizes, in more diverse cohorts are needed to identify potential clinically relevant genetic variants related to severe fluoropyrimidine toxicity.
Dual-layer spectral-detector CT for detecting liver steatosis by using proton density fat fraction as reference
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Hongyu , Ma Yue , Bai Ruobing , Gao Sizhe , Yang Linlin , Guo Wenli , Zhang Cong , Kang Chengjun , Lan Yu , Sun Yanqiu , Zhang Yonggao , Xiao Xigang , Hou Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liver dual-layer spectral-detector CT (SDCT) derived parameters of liver parenchyma for grading steatosis with reference to magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF).

Methods
Altogether, 320 consecutive subjects who underwent MRI-PDFF and liver SDCT examinations were recruited and prospectively enrolled from four Chinese hospital centers. Participants were classified into normal (n = 152), mild steatosis (n = 110), and moderate/severe(mod/sev) steatosis (n = 58) groups based on MRI-PDFF. SDCT liver parameters were evaluated using conventional polychromatic CT images (CTpoly), virtual mono-energetic images at 40 keV (CT40kev), the slope of the spectral attenuation curve (λ), the effective atomic number (Zeff), and liver to spleen attenuation ratio (L/S ratio). Linearity between SDCT liver parameters and MRI-PDFF was examined using Spearman correlation. Cutoff values for SDCT liver parameters in determining steatosis grades were identified using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses.

Results
SDCT liver parameters demonstrated a strong correlation with PDFF, particularly Zeff (rs = −0.856; p < 0.001). Zeff achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.930 for detecting the presence of steatosis with a sensitivity of 89.4%, a specificity of 82.4%, and an AUC of 0.983 for detecting mod/sev steatosis with a sensitivity of 93.1%, a specificity of 93.5%, the corresponding cutoff values were 7.12 and 6.94, respectively. Zeff also exhibited good diagnostic performance for liver steatosis grading in subgroups, independent of body mass index.

Conclusion
SDCT liver parameters, particularly Zeff, exhibit excellent diagnostic accuracy for grading steatosis.

Critical relevance statement
Dual-layer SDCT parameter, Zeff, as a more convenient and accurate imaging biomarker may serve as an alternative indicator for MRI-based proton density fat fraction, exploring the stage and prognosis of liver steatosis, and even metabolic risk assessment.

Key Points

Liver biopsy is the standard for grading liver steatosis, but is limited by its invasive nature.

The diagnostic performance of liver steatosis using SDCT-Zeff outperforms conventional CT parameters.

SDCT-Zeff accurately and noninvasively assessed the grade of liver steatosis.

Graphical Abstract
Where is dinner? The spatiality of the trophic niche of terrestrial mammalian carnivores in Chile, a systematization for their conservation
Authors: Vallejos-Garrido Paulo , Zamora-Cornejo Francisca , Rivera Reinaldo , Castillo-Ravanal Francis , Rodríguez-Serrano Enrique 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKnowing what the highest-level mammalian carnivores and intermediate levels eat throughout the geography and how human activities may affect their community dynamics is relevant information to focusing and deciding on conservation efforts within a territory. In this review, we characterize geographically the accumulated knowledge about the trophic niche of terrestrial mammalian carnivore species and evaluate the spatial relationship between the species richness distribution and the geographical distribution of their trophic knowledge in Chile. We found 88 peer-reviewed papers that include trophic studies per se, theses, and short notes carried out in Chile, where at least one trophic element was reported for terrestrial mammalian carnivore species. We found a positive relationship between the species richness distribution pattern and the spatial distribution of accumulated trophic knowledge, i.e., most of the papers have been conducted in Central-southern Chile (Central Chile and Temperate Forest ecoregions) responding to the highest co-occurrence of carnivore species within the limits of the biodiversity hotspot, the most threatened area in the country. Despite this general relationship, we recognize gaps in knowledge regarding regions of the country that require more research effort, such as O’Higgins, Maule, and Ñuble regions, as well as focus efforts on certain species with no or almost no knowledge of their trophic ecology, such as Leopardus colocola, Lyncodon patagonicus and Conepatus chinga. Except for the northern Chilean ecosystems, there is a generalized report of high consumption of exotic mammals in the diet of carnivores in the center and south of the country. However, of the 98 localities recognized in the 88 papers, 20.4% correspond to an anthropized environment, while most (79.6%) correspond to a “non-anthropized” environment or protected area. We hope this review allows researchers and decision-makers to consider the knowledge and lack thereof of carnivore trophic interactions as an opportunity to conserve entire natural communities throughout the Chilean territory.
Perceived autonomy support in individuals with Parkinson’s disease requiring emergency care: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Florijn Barend W. , van Zwet Erik W. , Kaptein Ad. A. , van der Plas Anne A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) report a diminished perceived functional autonomy as their condition progresses. For those seeking emergency care, it is unknown whether the patient-physician relationship is instrumental in respecting patient autonomy. This study evaluated patient autonomy ideals in individuals with PD requiring emergency care and the perceived support for autonomy from emergency department physicians.

Method
Individuals with PD (n = 36, average age 78.1 years) were surveyed using the Ideal Patient Autonomy questionnaire (IPA) and the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ). A multivariable regression analysis assessed whether patients’ Hoehn and Yahr stage and IPA questionnaire results predicted HCCQ items.

Results
The IPA questionnaire revealed that individuals with PD in need of emergency care emphasize the significance of medical expertise (IPA ‘doctor should decide’ theme 0.71) in decision-making and their desire to be fully informed about all potential risks (IPA ‘obligatory risk information’ theme 0.71). The average HCCQ values showed a decreasing trend across Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 to 5: 6.19, 6.03, 5.83, 5.80, and 5.23, respectively. HY scale values also influenced HCCQ items related to the physician’s role.

Conclusion
In our cohort, individuals with Parkinson’s disease tend to rely on medical expertise for decision-making and prioritize complete risk information during emergency care. However, this autonomy support diminishes as functional disability levels increase.
Is hyperammonemia helpful in detecting syndromic tubulopathies with early extrarenal manifestations? A case report of Lowe’s syndrome
Authors: Jędzura Agnieszka , Dębowska Monika , Adamczyk Piotr 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Generally, it is not well known that Lowe’s syndrome may coexist with hyperammonemia and hipocarnitynemia. The importance of hyperammonemia in the diagnosis of kidney diseases is not completely understood.

Case presentation
We present the history of a 13-year-old boy, admitted to the hospital due to proteinuria. In the past, the boy was diagnosed with binocular cataracts in infancy. Then he went through neurological diagnostic tests which diagnosed muscular hypotonia and psychomotor retardation but no inherited errors of metabolism were found. Proteinuria has been observed since the age of 2. Ultrasound imaging at the age of 5 showed the presence of a shading deposit in the kidney. At the age of 13, the boy was referred to the Pediatric Nephrology Ward. The laboratory tests revealed: a reduction of glomerular filtration rate, metabolic acidosis, proteinuria, hypercalciuria, increased activity of AST (SGOT), CK, LDH, hyperammonemia, and decreased concentration of total carnitine in blood serum. Based on the clinical presentation, Lowe’s syndrome was diagnosed. The genetic testing revealed an OCRL gene hemizygous mutation.

Conclusion
Lowe’s syndrome is an example of a disease in which clinical symptoms—although occurring early and in high intensity—may not raise the suspicion of tubulopathy for a long time if they are not analyzed in a complex manner. There is a necessity to educate healthcare practitioners from other fields about the extrarenal symptoms of genetically determined tubulopathies.
l-carnitine deficiency may be a symptom of proximal tubulopathy, including Lowe’s syndrome. l-carnitine deficiency leads to disturbances in the efficiency of the urea cycle, which results in hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia is not only a symptom of inborn errors of metabolism and liver failure, but it may also lead to the diagnosis of tubulopathy.
Since carnitine supplementation could have the desired beneficial effect on the patient’s general condition, it is postulated to conduct further studies on larger groups of patients with Lowe’s syndrome.
Efficient power conversion with four switch soft-switching boost integrated half-bridge dual-output series resonant converter
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Patthi Sridhar , Prakhya Rajesh Kumar , Rao J. V. G. Rama , Rayudu K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Soft switching reduces voltage and current stress during transitions, smoothing and quieting operations and reducing electromagnetic interference while also increasing efficiency and equipment lifespan. Circuit design, component selection, and switching frequency optimization affect power electronics soft switching. This paper proposes boost integrated half-bridge dual-output series resonant (BIHBDOSR) converter, a novel converter design and control method to increase series resonant converter performance by reducing storage element size, switch count, and switching losses. This methodology relies on soft-switching technologies like zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS). These methods use class-D, class-E, series, parallel, and series–parallel resonant converter circuits to increase efficiency and minimize component stress. The proposed converter is ideal for constant voltage, constant power, and current-controlled loads with the output voltage being regulated by a closed-loop PI controller. The output voltages for two loads in the simulation depart from reference values. V01 changes from 14 to 20 V and V02 from 18 to 15 V at 300 ms owing to switching variances. The proposed converter utilizes gate driver circuits, resonant tank circuit, current sensor, FPGA board for closed-loop control, and current sensor for stability, ensuring converter stability. The proposed converter closed-loop control method modifies PWM signals to regulate both loads independently and ensure steady output voltage. Additionally, to validate the effectiveness of proposed converter, a 50-W driver circuit is designed, delivering two independent outputs of 20 W and 30 W. Frequency modulation (FM) and duty cycle control methods are employed to obtain the desired outputs.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array: an array of hope for genetic improvement of aquatic species and fisheries management
Authors: Rasal Kiran D. , Kumar Pokanti Vinay , Asgolkar Prachi , Shinde Siba , Dhere Siyag , Siriyappagouder Prabhugouda , Sonwane Arvind , Brahmane Manoj , Sundaray Jitendra K. , Goswami Mukunda , Nagpure Naresh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, significant progress in genomic technologies has revolutionized the field of aquaculture. These advancements have facilitated the utilization of DNA markers, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to enhance the genetic characteristics of aquatic species, leading to overall improvements in economically important traits. A SNP array or panel is a DNA microarray designed with probes for SNP locations, allowing the identification of specific alleles in a DNA sample through hybridization with fragmented DNA. SNP arrays are known for their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and automation, making them a high-throughput method for genotyping. Thus, genome scale SNP genotyping, aided by SNP arrays and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), has transformed aquaculture genetics. Recently, multi-species arrays allow researchers to study closely related species simultaneously, reducing costs and enabling comparative genomics and resource sharing. In this paper, we reviewed the global advancements in SNP array development for key aquaculture species and highlighted their applications in genetic selection and fisheries management. SNP panels, commonly used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), leverage population linkage disequilibrium (LD) to pinpoint genetic variants associated with production or performance traits. Using genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) derived from SNP data offers enhanced selection accuracy compared to traditional pedigree based methods, especially when dealing with challenging traits in aquatic species. Overall, the study indicates that high-density SNP panels offer a consistent and reliable tool for genotyping across diverse breeding populations. This technology has demonstrated versatility and efficiency, being applied in genomic selection, genome characterization, population genomics, and QTL mapping in aquatic species. The growing accumulation of genomic information and the abundance of SNPs in aquaculture species have driven the demand for efficient and cost effective genotyping techniques in genetic improvement programs and fisheries management.
The Prevalence of Spondylolysis and the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Radiography in Adolescent Low Back Pain
Authors: Sweeney Emily A. , Rodenberg Richard E. , Howell David R. , MacDonald James P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aims of this retrospective chart review were to determine the prevalence of radiographically positive spondylolysis based on the historical “gold standard” of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and to evaluate the sensitivity of radiographs in detecting spondylolysis relative to SPECT scans in adolescent athletes presenting with low back pain (LBP). Our secondary outcome measure included an assessment of the variable prevalence of spondylolysis in different athletic subpopulations.

Methods
Radiographs and SPECT scans for patients with LBP were reviewed for the presence of spondylolysis. The sensitivity and specificity of two-view and four-view radiographs compared to SPECT scans were calculated, and the associations between diagnosis of spondylolysis and age, gender, and sport were determined.

Results
Nine hundred ninety-nine adolescent patients presented with LBP; 405 SPECT scans were performed. Of those, 141 (35%) SPECT scans were positive for spondylolysis. The prevalence rate for spondylolysis in this population who presented with LBP was 14%. Compared to SPECT scans, two-view radiographs were more specific (92.93%) and had a higher negative likelihood ratio (0.81) for spondylolysis than four-view radiographs. Boys were more likely to have a positive SPECT scan compared to girls (adjusted odds ratio, 6.07; 95% confidence interval, 3.00–12.26). Younger age was significantly associated with a spondylolysis diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.41). Lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball athletes had a significantly lower risk of spondylolysis diagnosis compared to football and gymnastics athletes.

Conclusions
This research contributes to data regarding the prevalence of spondylolysis in symptomatic, adolescent athletes. Two-view radiographs were more useful screening tests for spondylolysis than four-view radiographs. Younger athletes, boys, and those who participate in certain sports were more likely to have evidence of spondylolysis on SPECT scans.