Fishes and other aquatic species in the Byzantine literature. Classification, terminology and scientific names.
Authors: CHRONE-VAKALOPOULOS Maria , VAKALOPOULOS Angelos 
Published: November 2014

<font size="3"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">Fishes and other aquatic species were substantial food in the every day life of Byzantine people. The predomination of Christianity contributed to the increased consumption of fishes and other seafood compared to the meat of land animals and chicken. </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">More</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">than</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">a</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">hundred</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">ten</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">names</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">of</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">fishes</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">about</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">thirty</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">names</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">of</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">other</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">aquatic</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">organisms are found in the sources of the Byzantine literature. Most frequent references are found in</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">the</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">medical </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">texts</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">of</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">the</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">Byzantine</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">doctors, where</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">, </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">fishes</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">are</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">classified</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">in</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">categories</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">depending</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">on</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">their</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">physiology</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">origin</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">, </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">because</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">, </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">according</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">to</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">the</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">writers</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">, </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">these</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">are</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">determining</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">factors</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">for</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">the</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">evaluation of the </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">nutritional</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">value</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">of</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">each</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">species</span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">.</span></font><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'">The purpose of this study is to present the terminology of the fishes and the various aquatic species that are found in the Byzantine sources and to identify, in parallel, each species with its current scientific name. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype'"><span> </span></span>