bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a mini-pig spinal anterior interbody fusion model
Authors: Hwang C. J. , Lee J. H. , Baek H-R. , Chang B-S. , Lee C-K. 
Published: January 2013

We evaluated the efficacy of Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (E-BMP-2) in a mini-pig model of spinal anterior interbody fusion. A total of 14 male mini-pigs underwent three-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion using polyether etherketone (PEEK) cages containing porous hydroxyapatite (HA). Four groups of cages were prepared: 1) control (n = 10 segments); 2) 50 μg E-BMP-2 (n = 9); 3) 200 μg E-BMP-2 (n = 10); and 4) 800 μg E-BMP-2 (n = 9). At eight weeks after surgery the mini-pigs were killed and the specimens were evaluated by gross inspection and manual palpation, radiological evaluation including plain radiographs and micro-CT scans, and histological analysis. Rates of fusion within PEEK cages and overall union rates were calculated, and bone formation outside vertebrae was evaluated. One animal died post-operatively and was excluded, and one section was lost and also excluded, leaving 38 sites for assessment. This rate of fusion within cages was 30.0% (three of ten) in the control group, 44.4% (four of nine) in the 50 μg E-BMP-2 group, 60.0% (six of ten) in the 200 μg E-BMP-2 group, and 77.8% (seven of nine) in the 800 μg E-BMP-2 group. Fusion rate was significantly increased by the addition of E-BMP-2 and with increasing E-BMP-2 dose (p = 0.046). In a mini-pig spinal anterior interbody fusion model using porous HA as a carrier, the implantation of E-BMP-2-loaded PEEK cages improved the fusion rate compared with PEEK cages alone, an effect that was significantly increased with increasing E-BMP-2 dosage. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:217–23.
Risk factors for overgrowth after flexible intramedullary nailing for fractures of the femoral shaft in children
Authors: Park S-S. , Noh H. , Kam M. 
Published: January 2013

We analysed retrospectively the risk factors leading to femoral overgrowth after flexible intramedullary nailing in 43 children (mean age 7.1 years (3.6 to 12.0)) with fractures of the shaft of the femur. We reviewed their demographic data, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, the type and location of the fractures, the nail–canal diameter (NCD) ratios and femoral overgrowth at a mean follow-up of 40.7 months (25.2 to 92.7). At that time, the children were divided into two groups, those with femoral overgrowth of < 1 cm (Group 1), and those with overgrowth of ≥ 1 cm (Group 2). The mean femoral overgrowth of all patients was 0.6 cm at final follow-up. Overgrowth of ≥ 1 cm was noted in 11 children (25.6%). The NCD ratio was significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1, with an odds ratio of 30.0 (p = 0.003). We believe that a low NCD ratio is an indicator of an unstable configuration with flexible intramedullary nailing, and have identified an association between a low NCD ratio and femoral overgrowth resulting in leg-length discrepancy after flexible intramedullary nailing in paediatric femoral shaft fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:254–8.
A new mechanism of injury in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Samartzis D. , Modi H. N. , Cheung K. M. C. , Luk K. D. K. 
Published: January 2013

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive multisystem chronic inflammatory disorder. The hallmark of this pathological process is a progressive fusion of the zygapophyseal joints and disc spaces of the axial skeleton, leading to a rigid kyphotic deformity and positive sagittal balance. The ankylosed spine is unable to accommodate normal mechanical forces, rendering it brittle and susceptible to injury. Traumatic hyperextension injury of the cervical spine leading to atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) in AS patients can often be fatal. We report a non-traumatic mechanism of injury in AS progressing to AAS attributable to persistent hyperextension, which resulted in fatal migration of C2 through the foramen magnum. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:206–9.
Cementless fixation in Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement
Authors: Liddle A. D. , Pandit H. , O’Brien S. , Doran E. , Penny I. D. , Hooper G. J. , Burn P. J. , Dodd C. A. F. , Beverland D. E. , Maxwell A. R. , Murray D. W. 
Published: January 2013

The Cementless Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (OUKR) was developed to address problems related to cementation, and has been demonstrated in a randomised study to have similar clinical outcomes with fewer radiolucencies than observed with the cemented device. However, before its widespread use it is necessary to clarify contraindications and assess the complications. This requires a larger study than any previously published.We present a prospective multicentre series of 1000 cementless OUKRs in 881 patients at a minimum follow-up of one year. All patients had radiological assessment aligned to the bone–implant interfaces and clinical scores. Analysis was performed at a mean of 38.2 months (19 to 88) following surgery. A total of 17 patients died (comprising 19 knees (1.9%)), none as a result of surgery; there were no tibial or femoral loosenings. A total of 19 knees (1.9%) had significant implant-related complications or required revision. Implant survival at six years was 97.2%, and there was a partial radiolucency at the bone–implant interface in 72 knees (8.9%), with no complete radiolucencies. There was no significant increase in complication rate compared with cemented fixation (p = 0.87), and no specific contraindications to cementless fixation were identified.Cementless OUKR appears to be safe and reproducible in patients with end-stage anteromedial osteoarthritis of the knee, with radiological evidence of improved fixation compared with previous reports using cemented fixation.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:181–7.
Prevalence of radiographic findings associated with hip dysplasia in a population-based cohort of 2081 19-year-old Norwegians
Authors: Engesæter I. Ø. , Laborie L. B. , Lehmann T. G. , Fevang J. M. , Lie S. A. , Engesæter L. B. , Rosendahl K. 
Published: January 2013

In Norway total joint replacement after hip dysplasia is reported more commonly than in neighbouring countries, implying a higher prevalence of the condition. We report on the prevalence of radiological features associated with hip dysplasia in a population of 2081 19-year-old Norwegians. The radiological measurements used to define hip dysplasia were Wiberg’s centre-edge (CE) angle at thresholds of < 20° and < 25°, femoral head extrusion index < 75%, Sharp’s angle > 45°, an acetabular depth to width ratio < 250 and the sourcil shape assessed subjectively. The whole cohort underwent clinical examination of their range of hip movement, body mass index (BMI), and Beighton hypermobility score, and were asked to complete the EuroQol (EQ-5D) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The prevalence of hip dysplasia in the cohort varied from 1.7% to 20% depending on the radiological marker used. A Wiberg’s CE angle < 20° was seen in 3.3% of the cohort: 4.3% in women and 2.4% in men. We found no association between subjects with multiple radiological signs indicative of dysplasia and BMI, Beighton score, EQ-5D or WOMAC. Although there appears to be a high prevalence of hip dysplasia among 19-year-old Norwegians, this is dependent on the radiological parameters applied. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:279–85.
Thalamic Contribution to Cortical Processing of Taste and Expectation
Authors: Samuelsen Chad L. , Gardner Matthew P. H. , Fontanini Alfredo 
Published: January 2013

Taste-related information reaches the gustatory cortex (GC) through two routes: a thalamic and a limbic pathway. While evidence is accumulating on limbic–cortical interactions in taste, very little information is available on the function of the gustatory thalamus in shaping GC activity. Here we rely on behavioral electrophysiological techniques to study taste-evoked activity in GC before and after inactivation of the parvicellular portion of the ventroposteromedial nucleus of thalamus (VPMpc; i.e., the gustatory thalamus). Gustatory stimuli were presented to rats either alone or preceded by an anticipatory cue. The reliance on two different behavioral contexts allowed us to investigate how the VPMpc mediates GC responses to uncued tastants, cued tastants, and anticipatory cues. Inactivation of the thalamus resulted in a dramatic reduction of taste processing in GC. However, responses to anticipatory cues were unaffected by this manipulation. The use of a cue-taste association paradigm also allowed for the identification of two subpopulations of taste-specific neurons: those that responded to gustatory stimulation and to the cue (i.e., cue-and-taste) and those that responded to tastants only (i.e., taste-only). Analyses of these two populations revealed differences in response dynamics and connectivity with the VPMpc.The results provide novel evidence for the role of VPMpc in shaping GC activity and demonstrate a previously unknown association between responsiveness to behavioral events, temporal dynamics, and thalamic connectivity in GC.
Phlebotomine (Diptera, Psychodidae) Bloodmeal Sources in Tunisian Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci: Could Sergentomyia minuta, which is not an Exclusive Herpetophilic Species, be Implicated in the Transmission of Pathogens?
Authors: Jaouadi K , Haouas N , Chaara D , Boudabous R , Gorcii M , Kidar A , Depaquit J , Pratlong F , Dedet J P , Babba H 
Published: January 2013

ABSTBACT
Knowledge of the host-feeding pattern of blood-sucking insects helps to understand the epidemiology of a vector-born disease. A set of primers was used to selectively amplify segment of vertebrates' prepronociceptin gene from abdomens of engorged sand flies. Vertebrate DNA was successfully amplified in 65% of blood-fed phlebotomines assayed. Direct sequencing and comparison of resultant sequences with sequences in GenBank, using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, led to the specific identification of the host in 100% of the cases. In total, 249 blood-fed females belonging to five different sand flies species were captured thanks to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps and sticky papers in different areas of Tunisia between 2007 and 2009. Bloodmeal origin was determined for 146 blood-fed midges: Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot sampled fed only on Ovis aries and Equus caballus, while bloodmeal origin of P. perniciosus Newstead, P. longicuspis Nitzulescu, and P. papatasi (Scopoli) was diversified. We found that midges were fed mainly on Homos sapiens (n = 37; 22.69%), Bos taunts (n = 11; 6.74%), Mus musculus (n = 2; 1.22%), Capra hircus (n = 4; 2.45%), Camelus dromedarius (n = 3; 1.84%), Ovis aries (n = 98; 60.12%), Equus caballus (n = 3; 1.84%), Felis catus (n = 1; 0.6%), Oryctolagus cuniculus (n = 3; 1.84%), and Rattus norvegicus (n = 1; 0.6%). In this study, interestingly, we found for the first time that Mus musculus DNA was found in one female of S. minuta (Rondani) specie and question about its possible vectorial role is opened.
A Case of Unusual Sexual Dimorphism in a New Springtail Genus and Species from the United States (Collembola: Onychiuridae: Onychiurinae)
Authors: Smolis Adrian , Skarżyński Dariusz 
Published: January 2013

ABSTBACTKennethia pomorskii, a new genus and species of subfamily Onychiurinae is described from North America. It has a unique suite of apomorphic morphological characters and is most closely related to Arneria Pomorski, 2000; DinochiurusPomorski & Steinmann, 2004; and ReducturusPomorski & Steinmann 2004. A key to genera of the tribe Hymenaphorurini is given.
The Geographic Distribution of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Western United States: Introduced Species or Native Population?
Authors: Hood Glen R , Yee Wee , Goughnour Robert B , Sim Sheina B , Egan Scott P , Arcella Tracy , Saint-Jean Gilbert , Powell Thomas H Q , Xu Charles C Y , Feder Jeffrey L 
Published: January 2013

ABSTBACT
The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of commercially grown domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen) in North America. The shift of the fly from its native host hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) to apple in the eastern United States is often cited as an example of incipient sympatric speciation in action. However, R. pomonella is also present in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States where it infests apple, native black hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii), and introduced English ornamental hawthorn (C. monogyna). It is believed that R. pomonella was introduced to the Portland, OR, area via larval-infested apples from the east. The fly subsequently spread through the region, shifting onto black hawthorn and ornamental hawthorn as additional hosts as it spread. It is also possible, however, that R. pomonella is native to black hawthorn in the Pacific Northwest and switched to infest apple and ornamental hawthorn after the introduction of these two alternative hosts to the region. Here, we document the distribution of R. pomonella through the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain states of the western United States to help clarify the origin (s) of the fly outside the eastern United States. We report a distribution pattern consistent with the hypothesis that R. pomonella was introduced to the Pacific Northwest via infested apples. In particular, the low levels or lack of C. dougliasii-infesting R. pomonella east of the Cascade Mountains in the states of Washington, OR, and Idaho implies that the fly is not native on black hawthorn and is of recent origin. We discuss the evolutionary and applied implications of the results with respect to our current understanding of host race formation and control for R. pomonella.
Cultivation of Domesticated Rice Alters Arthropod Biodiversity and Community Composition
Authors: Chen Yolanda H , Langellotto Gail A , Barrion Alberto T , Cuong Ngo Luc 
Published: January 2013

ABSTBACTAlthough it is well established that biodiversity plays an important role in pest control, there is limited knowledge on how the origins of agriculture may shape arthropod biodiversity. Arthropod food webs likely have coevolved with wild crop relatives before domestication, but not all arthropod taxa may be able to inhabit cultivated habitats. We sampled wild and cultivated rice fields in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam to determine how season (dry versus wet) and rice cultivation influenced arthropod diversity and community composition. We found that cultivated rice fields supported ≈50% fewer taxa than wild rice fields, and that there were widespread losses in taxonomic richness within all of the major orders. Wild rice fields supported 173 unique taxa that were not found in any cultivated rice fields, whereas cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) supported only 23 unique taxa. Furthermore, wild and cultivated rice supported different arthropod communities. Predators and parasitoids were the most abundant in wild rice during the dry season. Herbivore densities were similar in wild and cultivated rice, but were reduced in wild rice (Oryza rugipogon L.) during the wet season. Neither season nor habitat influenced the densities of detritivores, but aquatic predators were more abundant during the dry season. This study provides empirical evidence that large-scale losses of species richness and changes in arthropod community structure are associated with the cultivation of domesticated rice.
Five New Records of Drosophilids (Diptera) in a Riparian Forest in the Brazilian Savanna, an Endangered Neotropical Biome
Authors: Roque F , Tidon R 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough drosophilids are widespread models in genetics and molecular biology, their diversity and distribution is relatively poorly known. Field information is important because it provides an appropriate framework to interpret genetic and evolutionary studies. We sampled drosophilids in the Brazilian savanna, one of 34 biodiversity hot spots worldwide. This extremely rich and endangered biome is highly seasonal and consists of a vegetation mosaic, ranging from open fields to riparian forests; these forests occupy only 5% of the Brazilian savanna but concentrate most of the biome's diversity. Twelve monthly collections in a riparian forest of the Brazilian savanna revealed 61 drosophilid species, comprising the genera Amiota Loew, Drosophila Fallén, Neotanygastrella Duda, Rhinoleucophenga Hendel, Scaptodrosophila Duda, Zaprionus Coquillett, and Zygothrica Wiedemann. This richness represents about a half of the recorded drosophilid species of the whole biome, and includes five new occurrences for the Brazilian savanna: the genus Amiota, Drosophila coffeata Williston, D. neorepleta Patterson and Wheeler, D. pseudosaltans Magalhães, and Rhinoleucophenga brasiliensis (Lima). This result suggests that drosophilid richness in this biome is likely to be high but remains understudied.
An Experimental Examination of Factors That Influence Auditor Assessments of a Deficiency in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Authors: Gramling Audrey A. , O'Donnell Edward F. , Vandervelde Scott D. 
Published: January 2013

SYNOPSIS
When assessing the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), auditors evaluate design effectiveness, gather evidence on operating effectiveness, assess operating effectiveness, and conclude whether control deficiencies are material weaknesses. We experimentally examine audit managers' and partners' assessments of ICFR operating effectiveness and judgments of whether a control deficiency is a material weakness to determine the influence of the presence of: (1) a material weakness unrelated to the deficiency being assessed, and (2) a known misstatement associated with the identified control deficiency. Results suggest that the presence of either an unrelated material weakness or a known misstatement influences the assessed operating effectiveness of an internal control and the likelihood of a material weakness assessment. We also provide supplemental survey results from practicing audit managers and partners on their experiences in assessing potential material weaknesses to gain insights into their interpretations of the professional guidance.
A Model to Detect Potentially Fraudulent/Abnormal Wires of an Insurance Company: An Unsupervised Rule-Based Approach
Authors: Kim Yongbum , Vasarhelyi Miklos A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Fraud prevention/detection is an important function of internal control. Prior literature focused mainly on fraud committed by external parties, such as customers. However, according to a survey by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE 2009), it was noted that employees posed the greatest fraud threat. This study proposes profiling fraud using an unsupervised learning method. The fraud detection model is based on potential fraud/anomaly indicators in the wire transfer payment process of a major insurance company in the United States. Each indicator is assigned an arbitrary score based on its severity. Once an aggregate score is calculated, those wire transfer payments whose total scores are above a threshold will be suggested for investigation. Our contribution is to report what we have learned and to document our findings using fraud/anomaly indicators to detect potential fraud and/or errors on real data from a major insurance company.
Pharmacokinetics of long-acting nalbuphine decanoate after intramuscular administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , KuKanich Butch , Heath Timothy D. , Krugner-Higby Lisa A. , Barker Steven A. , Brown Carolyn S. , Paul-Murphy Joanne R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine decanoate after IM administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
Animals—9 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex.
Procedures—Nalbuphine decanoate (37.5 mg/kg) was administered IM to all birds. Plasma samples were obtained from blood collected before (time 0) and 0.25, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours after drug administration. Plasma samples were used for measurement of nalbuphine concentrations via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated with computer software.
Results—Plasma concentrations of nalbuphine increased rapidly after IM administration, with a mean concentration of 46.1 ng/mL at 0.25 hours after administration. Plasma concentrations of nalbuphine remained > 20 ng/mL for at least 24 hours in all birds. The maximum plasma concentration was 109.4 ng/mL at 2.15 hours. The mean terminal half-life was 20.4 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, plasma concentrations of nalbuphine were prolonged after IM administration of nalbuphine decanoate, compared with previously reported results after administration of nalbuphine hydrochloride. Plasma concentrations that could be associated with antinociception were maintained for 24 hours after IM administration of 37.5 mg of nalbuphine decanoate/kg. Safety and analgesic efficacy of nalbuphine treatments in this species require further investigation to determine the potential for clinical use in pain management in psittacine species.
Flow cytometric detection and procoagulant activity of circulating canine platelet-derived microparticles
Authors: Helmond Sarah E. , Catalfamo James L. , Brooks Marjory B. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective—To measure platelet membrane–derived microparticle (PMP) content and thrombin-generating capacity of canine plasma subjected to specific processing and storage conditions.
Animals—31 clinically normal dogs (19 males and 12 females).
Procedures—Citrate-anticoagulated blood samples obtained from each dog were centrifuged at 2,500 × g to isolate platelet-poor plasma (PPP), then PPP was centrifuged at 21,000 × g to isolate microparticle-free plasma (MPF) and microparticle-enriched plasma (MPEP). Whole blood and paired samples of fresh and frozen-thawed PPP, MPF, and MPEP were dual labeled for flow cytometric detection of membrane CD61 (constitutive platelet antigen) and annexin V (indicating phosphatidylserine externalization). Platelets and PMPs were enumerated with fluorescent, size-calibrated beads. Thrombin generation in fresh and frozen-thawed PPP, MPF, and MPEP was measured via kinetic fluorometric assays configured with low tissue factor and low phospholipid concentrations.
Results—Initial centrifugation yielded PPP with < 0.5% the platelets of whole blood, with median counts of 413 PMPs/μL for males and 711 PMPs/μL for females. Sequential centrifugation resulted in a 10-fold concentration of PMPs in MPEP and virtually depleted PMPs from MPF. Thrombin generation depended on PMP content, with median endogenous thrombin potential of 0, 893, and 3,650 nmol•min for MPF, PPP, and MPEP, respectively. Freeze-thaw cycling caused significant increases in PMP counts and phosphatidylserine externalization.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Canine PMPs were major determinants of thrombin-generating capacity; preanalytic variables influenced plasma PMP content. Processing conditions described here may provide a basis for characterization of PMPs in clinical studies of thrombosis in dogs.