bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease‐Specific Survival with Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Bice Tristan C. , Tran Van , Merkley Mark A. , Newlands Shawn D. , van der Sloot Paul G. , Wu Shuang , Miller Matthew C. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives(1) Determine factors influencing survival in patients diagnosed with spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC), a rare variant of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (2) Compare survival of patients with SpCC to those with conventional SCC.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database (years 2004‐2009).Subjects and MethodsAmong patients receiving treatment for a single primary in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx, 118 subjects with SpCC and 18,298 subjects with SCC were identified with complete data for the variables of age, sex, grade, tumor size, stage group, and TNM stage. Disease‐specific survival curves were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the effects of each factor on survival over all sites and within each of 3 sites.ResultsUnivariate analysis of the combination of the 3 anatomic subsites showed survival with SpCC was worse than with conventional SCC (P <. 001). Three‐year disease‐specific survival with SpCC was 49.5%, and 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 40.2%. Compared with conventional SCC, survival was worse for SpCC of the oral cavity (P <. 001) and oropharynx (P <. 001) but no different for the larynx and hypopharynx site (P =. 15). Multivariate analysis identified age (P =. 02), tumor size (P =. 006), and M stage (P <. 001) as the only variables significantly affecting survival with SpCC. All variables significantly affected survival with conventional SCC.ConclusionsSpindle cell carcinoma carries a worse prognosis than SCC. Larger tumor size, older age, and metastatic disease portend worse survival with SpCC of the head and neck.
Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcomes of Parotid Gland Cancer
Authors: Chang Jae Won , Hong Hyun Jun , Ban Myung Jin , Shin Yoo Seob , Kim Won Shik , Koh Yoon Woo , Choi Eun Chang 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment outcomes of parotid gland cancer at a single center over a 10‐year period and to evaluate the prognostic significance of maximum standardized uptake value.Study DesignRetrospective case series with chart review.SettingAcademic care center.Subjects and MethodsNinety‐eight patients with primary parotid gland cancer who were surgically treated at Yonsei University Head & Neck Cancer Clinic between January 1999 and December 2008 were analyzed. Patient data were collected retrospectively from medical charts. The investigators analyzed the association of clinicopathological factors and maximum standardized uptake value on 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan with disease‐specific survival.ResultsMean patient age was 49.7 years. Mean follow‐up was 48.8 months. Thirty‐three, 40, 30, and 23 patients had stage I, II, III, and IVA disease, respectively. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common histologic type (34.7%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (27.6%). Eighteen patients (18.4%) experienced recurrences (mean recurrence gap, 20.6 months; range, 2‐87 months). Five‐ and 10‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 93.6% and 81.8%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, pathologic T stage, pathologic lymph node status, resection margin, external parenchymal extension, and maximum standardized uptake value were significantly associated with disease‐specific survival. Pathologic lymph node status and maximum standardized uptake value were independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionOur single‐center experience with parotid gland cancer treatment is consistent with the literature. Cervical lymph node metastasis and high maximum standardized uptake value are associated with poor survival in parotid gland cancer.
Neither Daredevils Nor Wimps: Attitudes toward Physical Risk Takers as Mates
Authors: Farthing G. William 
Published: July 2015

Farthing (2005) tested a prediction derived from costly-signaling theory, that women would prefer physical risk takers (brave, athletic, fit) over risk-avoiders as long-term mates. Using scenarios involving high-risk acts, the prediction was confirmed for heroic (brave, altruistic) but not for non-heroic (brave, non-altruistic) acts. Apparently, women's concerns over risks to their mates overrode any positive signal value of men's risk taking, when the acts were highly risky and had no redeeming practical value. The present studies revisited the costly-signaling hypothesis using both medium- and high-risk scenarios, and it was predicted that for non-heroic acts women would prefer risk takers over risk avoiders for medium-level risks but not for highly risky acts. The prediction was supported in two studies. In Study 1, risk takers were preferred for non-heroic medium-risk acts, but risk avoiders were preferred for high-risk acts. For heroic acts, risk takers were preferred for both high- and medium-risk acts. Study 2 crossed two act risk levels with two actor skill levels, with non-heroic risks. Risk takers were preferred for the least risky combination (medium-risk act, high-skill actor) and also for the two moderately risky combinations, but risk avoiders were preferred for the riskiest combination (high-risk act, medium-skill actor). In Study 1, participants compared high-level risk takers versus risk avoiders on several person adjectives. Both heroic and non-heroic risk takers were perceived as more brave, athletic, physically fit, impulsive, attention-seeking, and foolish, and less emotionally stable and self-controlled, compared to risk avoiders. But only heroic risk takers were perceived as more altruistic, agreeable, conscientious, and sexy than risk avoiders.
Sexual Whodunits and Evolutionary Psychology: The Shaping of Three Novels
Authors: Baker Robin 
Published: July 2015

Primal. Virgin Books, 2009, 384 pp., US$10.86 (e-book). Caballito. Hard Nut Books, 2012, 210 pp., US$9.99 (e-book). The Hitchhiker's Child. Hard Nut Books, 2013, 239 pp., US$9.99 (e-book).
The Rice Floral Repressor Early flowering1 Affects Spikelet Fertility By Modulating Gibberellin Signaling
Authors: Kwon Choon-Tak , Kim Suk-Hwan , Kim Dami , Paek Nam-Chon 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundGibberellic acid (GA; or gibberellin) affects the development of floral organs, especially anthers and pollen, and perturbation of development of male floral organs can cause sterility. Many studies of GA signaling have concentrated on anther development, but the effect of GA on grain production remains to be examined.ResultsUsing a cross of ‘Milyang23 (M23)’, which has a functional allele ofEarly flowering1(EL1), and ‘H143’, which has a nonfunctionalel1allele, we generated heterogeneous inbred family-near isogenic lines (HNILs) that are homozygous forEL1[HNIL(M23)] orel1[HNIL(H143)]. Here, we found that HNIL(H143) exhibited anther deformities and low pollen viability. The expression ofGAMYB, a major activator of GA signaling, and its downstream genesCYP703A3andKAR, mainly involved in pollen formation, increased abnormally during spikelet development; this activation of GA signaling may cause the sterility. To confirm the negative effect of theel1mutation on spikelet fertility, we examined a line carrying a T-DNA insertionel1mutant [hereafter ZH11(el1)] and its parental cultivar ‘Zhonghua11 (ZH11)’. ZH11(el1) showed nearly identical defects in anther development and pollen viability as HNIL(H143), leading to decreased seed setting rate. However, the elitejaponicacultivar Koshihikari, which has a nonfunctionalel1allele for early flowering in long days, produces fertile spikelets and normal grain yields, like other elitejaponicacultivars. This indicates that as-yet-unknown regulator(s) that can overcome the male sterile phenotype of theel1mutation must have been introduced into Koshihikari.ConclusionsTheel1mutation contributes to early flowering injaponicarice under long days but fails to limit GA signaling, thus negatively affecting spikelet fertility, which results in a loss of grain yield. Thus,EL1is essential for photoperiod sensitivity in flowering as well as spikelet fertility in grain production.
Breaking the low pay, no pay cycle: the effects of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement programme
Authors: Hendra Richard , Riccio James , Dorsett Richard , Robins Philip K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the final economic results of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) programme. ERA’s distinctive combination of post-employment advisory support and financial incentives was designed to help low-income individuals who entered work sustain employment and advance in the labour market. ERA targeted three groups. ERA produced short-term earnings gains for two lone parent target groups. However, these effects generally faded after the programme ended, largely because the control group caught up with the ERA group. For the New Deal 25 Plus target group (mostly long term unemployed men), ERA produced modest but sustained increases in employment and earnings.
JEL Codes: I38, J18, C93
Integrating mobile phone technologies into labor-market intermediation: a multi-treatment experimental design
Authors: Dammert Ana C , Galdo Jose , Galdo Virgilio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the causal impacts of integrating mobile phone technologies into traditional public labor-market intermediation services on employment outcomes. By providing faster, cheaper and up-to-date information on job vacancies via SMS, mobile phone technologies might affect the rate at which offers arrive as well as the probability of receiving a job offer. We implement a social experiment with multiple treatments that allows us to investigate both the role of information channels (digital versus non-digital) and information sets (restricted [public] versus unrestricted [public/private]). The results show positive and significant short-term effects on employment for public labor-market intermediation. While the impacts from traditional labor-market intermediation are not large enough to be statistically significant, the unrestricted digital treatment group shows statistically significant short-term employment effects. As for potential matching efficiency gains, the results suggest no statistically significant effects associated with either information channels or information sets.JEL classification codes:I3, J2
Assessment of the transport mechanism at a hydrocarbon spill site using geophysical, geologic, and geotechnical techniques
Authors: Babcock Esther , Nettels Chris , Beardsley Peter 
Published: July 2015

An accidental hydrocarbon release into a residential water well provides a case study for an assessment of the transport mechanism of a hydrocarbon in an alluvial depositional geologic setting. Due to the failure of initial results to recover the injected hydrocarbon in nearby wells, we collected ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, soil samples, and soil conductivity logs throughout the site with the following objectives: (1) to understand the geologic setting, and (2) to identify the migratory path of the contaminant in the subsurface. Integrated interpretation of the GPR data, soil samples, and the soil conductivity logs provided evidence that the spilled hydrocarbon migrated against the direction of the dominant groundwater gradient but instead moved upward along dipping layers characteristic of the meandering river system. These results demonstrated that at a contaminated site having complex stratigraphy, traditional methods of characterization (such as monitoring wells) may fail, and the judicious use of geophysical and geotechnical tools may be able to provide insight into the mechanisms for the fate and transport of the contamination.
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Trafficking in Cortisol-Producing Lesions of the Adrenal Cortex
Authors: London Edra , Wassif Christopher A. , Horvath Anelia , Tatsi Christina , Angelousi Anna , Karageorgiadis Alexander S. , Porter Forbes D. , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: July 2015

Context:Cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs), primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), and primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH) cause ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (CS). Investigation of their pathogenesis has demonstrated their integral link to the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway.Objective:The aim of this study was to identify differences in cholesterol biosynthesis among different CS-causing adrenocortical tumors. Because of the concomitant associations of cAMP levels with cholesterol and with steroid biosynthesis, we hypothesized that benign cortisol-producing tumors would display aberration of these pathways.Design and Setting:Twenty-three patients with CPA, PPNAD, or PMAH who underwent adrenalectomy for CS were included in the study. Preoperative biochemical analyses were performed, and excised adrenal tissues were studied.Main Outcome Measures:Serum, urinary hormone levels, serum lipid profiles, and anthropometric data were obtained preoperatively. Adrenal tissues were analyzed for total protein, cholesterol, and neutral sterol content by mass spectrometry and expression of HMGCR, LDLR, ABCA1, DHCR24, and STAR genes.Results:There were differences in cholesterol content and markers of cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism that distinguished CPAs from PMAH and PPNAD; cholesterol, lathosterol, and lathosterol/cholesterol ratio were significantly higher in CPAs. ABCA1 mRNA was lower among CPAs compared to tissues from bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH and PPNAD), and mRNA expression of LDL-R, DCHR24, and HMGCR tended to be higher in CPA tumor tissues.Conclusion:CPAs displayed characteristics of “cholesterol-starved” tissues when compared to PPNAD and PMAH and appeared to have increased intrinsic cholesterol production and uptake from the periphery, as well as decreased cholesterol efflux. This has implications for a potential new way of treating these tumors.
An evaluation of a palliative care outreach programme for children with Burkitt lymphoma in rural Cameroon
Authors: Tamannai Mona , Kaah Joel , Mbah Glenn , Ndimba Joseph , D'Souza Catherine , Wharin Paul , Hesseling Peter B 
Published: July 2015

Background: Palliative care (PC) is the most appropriate treatment for patients with life-limiting, incurable diseases, but it is a relatively new concept in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A lack of curative treatment options for some conditions creates a great need for PC, but such services are rarely provided in SSA. More research into PC in SSA is urgently needed to create an evidence base to confirm the importance of appropriate PC services. Objectives: To gain a better understanding of the needs of patients and their families visited by a children's PC nurse in Cameroon and to identify aspects of the service that can be improved. Methodology: A qualitative study design with semi-structured interviews was used. Tape-recorded interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: Twelve interviews were conducted with patients, carers and nurses. Financial aid, general disease improvement and prayers were the directly expressed needs of service recipients. Specialist training in children's PC was the main need expressed by the nurses. Open communication about clinical status and treatment failure, more detailed counselling, more distraction for patients and respite for carers were identified as underlying needs. Conclusion: It is possible to provide an effective children's PC service that meets the most urgent needs of recipients in a rural setting in SSA. Recommendations include improved counselling, specialist education for staff, expansion of local support networks and more frequent home visits. More studies are needed to help define the need for PC in children with life-limiting diseases.
Defense peptides: recent developments
Authors: Cytryńska Małgorzata , Zdybicka-Barabas Agnieszka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDefense peptides are small amphipathic molecules that exhibit antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of cationic and anionic defense peptides, indicating peptide-based as well as microbial cell-based factors affecting this activity. The peptide-based factors include charge, hydrophibicity, and amphipathicity, whereas the pathogen-based factors are membrane lipid composition, presence of sterols, membrane fluidity, cell wall components, and secreted factors such as extracellular proteinases. Since defense peptides have been considered very promising molecules that could replace conventional antibiotics in the era of drug-resistant pathogens, the issue of microbial resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is addressed. Furthermore, selected approaches employed for optimization and de novo design of effective AMPs based on the properties recognized as important for the function of natural defense peptides are presented.
Comparison of Brazed Residual Stress and Thermal Deformation between X-Type and Pyramidal Lattice Truss Sandwich Structure: Neutron Diffraction Measurement and Simulation Study
Authors: Jiang Wenchun , Wei Zhiquan , Luo Yun , Zhang Weiya , Woo Wanchuck 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper uses finite element method and neutron diffraction measurement to study the residual stress in lattice truss sandwich structure. A comparison of residual stress and thermal deformation between X-type and pyramidal lattice truss sandwich structure has been carried out. The residual stresses are concentrated in the middle joint and then decreases gradually to both the ends. The residual stresses in the X-type lattice truss sandwich structure are smaller than those in pyramidal structure. The maximum longitudinal and transverse stresses of pyramidal structure are 220 and 202 MPa, respectively, but they decrease to 190 and 145 MPa for X-type lattice truss sandwich structure, respectively. The thermal deformation for lattice truss sandwich panel structure is of wave shape. The X-type has a better resistance to thermal deformation than pyramidal lattice truss sandwich structure. The maximum wave deformation of pyramidal structure (0.02 mm) is about twice as that of X-type (0.01 mm) at the same brazing condition.
Parameter Optimization of Ball End Milling Process on Inconel 718 Using RSM and TLBO Algorithm
Authors: Bhopale Nandkumar N. , Nikam Nilesh , Pawade Raju S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) coupled with Teaching Learning Based Optimization Technique (TLBO) for optimizing surface integrity of thin cantilever type Inconel 718 workpiece in ball end milling. The machining and tool related parameters like spindle speed, milling feed, axial depth of cut and tool path orientation are optimized with considerations of multiple response like deflection, surface roughness, and micro hardness of plate. Mathematical relationship between process parameters and deflection, surface roughness and microhardness are found out by using response surface methodology. It is observed that after optimizing the process that at the spindle speed of 2,000 rpm, feed 0.05 mm/tooth/rev, plate thickness of 5.5 mm and 15° workpiece inclination with horizontal tool path gives favorable surface integrity.
Copolymer of natural fibre reinforced polyester urethane: effect on physico-chemical properties through modification to interfacial adhesion
Authors: Jandikova Gabriela , Kucharczyk Pavel , Miskolczi Norbert , Pavelkova Alena , Kovalcik Adriana , Sedlarik Vladimir 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This work is dedicated to polyester urethane (PEU)-based biocomposites, with special focus placed on techniques for compatibilisation to heighten interfacial adhesion between the PEU matrix and flax fibres. Tests were conducted on the effects of modification so as to increase interfacial adhesion between the flax fibres and the polyester matrix. These tests involved a commercial silane-based compatibilising additive, two experimentally synthesised agents, oleic acid (OA) and di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP). Furthermore, the flax fibres underwent acid or alkali treatment. The biocomposites were characterised by gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties were investigated through tensile testing. Biocomposites with a commercial silane-based additive and synthesised agent, based on maleic-anhydride, were assessed as the best solution. Nevertheless, all modifications, excluding alkali treatment of fibres, significantly increased the performance of the material.
Surface complexation modeling of neptunium(V) sorption to lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH)
Authors: Yang Chunli , Powell Brian A. , Zhang Shengdong , Rao Linfeng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), an important iron-bearing mineral found to exist with a relatively high abundance in the soils of the
Chinese nuclear test sites, has rarely been studied for its sorption of transuranic elements from the nuclear wastes. This work
develops a quantitative surface complexation model describing the sorption and speciation of Np(V) on synthetic lepidocrocite
(γ-FeOOH). Batch sorption experiments on γ-FeOOH were performed under a range of conditions (25 ℃,
0.1 M NaClO4, pH = 4 – 11, 5 μM Np(V), and atmospheric conditions). The Diffuse Layer Model (DLM) was
applied to describe the surface-complexation reaction. The data were best-fitted with a single surface-complexation reaction,
(≡XOH + NpO2
+ = XONpO2
0 + H+) that occurred at the lepidocrocite/water interface to form an inner-sphere Np(V)
complex with lepidocrocite. The results are complemented by the Np L
III-edge EXAFS data that show that Np(V) was
absorbed on γ-FeOOH as monomeric neptunyl ions, with no observations of multinuclear surface complexes or surface
precipitates. A prominent peak at ∼3 Å in the EXAFS Fourier Transform spectra can be attributed to
a Np-Fe scattering path, consistent with the formation of an inner sphere Np(V)-lepidocrocite surface complex. Formation of aqueous
NpO2(CO3)
x

1–2x
complexes prevents Np(V) sorption at higher pH values but it is unclear if ternary
lepidocrocite-Np-carbonate complexes may also form. These data indicate that there are subtle differences in Np(V) interactions with
hematite, goethite, and lepidocrocite which is likely a manifestation of the differences in surface reactivity of the three minerals.