bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic Management of a Parturient with Cirrhotic Liver with Portal Hypertension Postvariceal Ligation for Emergency Cesarean Section
Authors: Abdulla Thalangara Mukhthar , Nandhini P. , Mishra Gayatri 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although it is rare, pregnancy and cirrhosis of the liver provide significant challenge for anesthesiologists. Pregnancy-related physiological changes might worsen portal hypertension (PHTN), which can result in life-threatening consequences such as variceal hemorrhage. A thorough understanding of the effects of pregnancy-related alterations on portal hemodynamics and the implications of PHTN for the health of the mother and fetus is essential for managing pregnancy. We report an unbooked primigravida at 36 weeks who is a diagnosed case of cirrhosis liver with PHTN with esophageal banding done in labor for emergency cesarean section.
Causative Agents and their Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Catheter-related Urinary Tract Infection among Spinal Cord Injury or Disorder Patients
Authors: Abidfaheem Thelakkadan , Leena Chacko Kunnath , Suhail Pattilthodika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often difficult to treat because of the existence of isolated antibiotic-resistant strains. Impaired bladder emptying is present in around 60% of spinal cord injuries or disorders patients. The objective of the study was to find the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibilities of catheter-related UTIs.

Methods:
The study was conducted among 160 subjects from Calicut District, Kerala, India using the purposive sampling method. From this, 89 were using intermittent and 71 were using indwelling catheterization. UTI was assessed by urine culture and sensitivity test from NABL accredited laboratory.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The association between demographic and clinical variables was performed using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The study consisted of 160 spinal cord injuries or disorders patients with a mean age at which injury occurred was 35.66 ± 12.78. For the detection of UTIs, culture and sensitivity of urine were done. Out of them, 115 (72%) had UTIs. Escherichia coli was the most common causative agent of UTI 55 (47.8%), followed by Klebsiella 33 (28.6%), Pseudomonas 9 (7.8%), and Proteus vulgaris 7 (6.3%). The study showed that the most resistant antimicrobial agents for E. coli were ampicillin 39 (71%), amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate 32 (58%), and cefuroxime oral. Less resistant antimicrobial agents to E. coli were doxycycline 12 (21%), cefepime 13 (24%), and gentamicin 16 (29%). The most resistant antimicrobial agents to Klebsiella were ampicillin 33 (100%) and nitrofurantoin 23 (70%).

Conclusion:
UTI is one of the most common complications among spinal cord injuries or disorders patients using a catheter for bladder emptying. Appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed to treat UTIs and to avoid antimicrobial resistance.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Study of AmpC and Biofilm-producing Clinical Isolates
Authors: Yadav Suvarna A. , Pawar Satyajeet K. , Kakade Satish V. , Yadav Kajal S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Opportunistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent bacteria with a broad spectrum of human-associated infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a typical healthcare-associated disease of critical or high concern. It is well known for being inherently resistant to many antibiotics and has the ability to produce biofilm. In the present study, we aimed to investigate P. aeruginosa with reference to biofilm and AmpC β-lactamases producing isolates in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Microbiology, KIMS, KVV, Karad, and Krishna Hospital & Medical Research Center, Karad. (KH & MRC). A total of 180 isolates were subjected to this test to find out which produced the AmpC β -lactamase enzyme by the cefoxitin-cloxacillin double-disc synergy test method and biofilm production by tissue culture plate assay method.

Results:
Our study found a total of 97 isolates (53.89%) of AmpC production and biofilm production accounted for 151 (83.89%).

Conclusion:
AmpC- beta-lactamases are responsible for increasing the resistance of P. aeruginosa to several beta-lactam antibiotics and this study also showed that the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa had a higher propensity to form biofilm and that there was a direct association between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance.
A prospective study of functional outcome of treatment of intra-articular fracture of proximal interphalangeal joint by static traction and early mobilization in adults
Authors: Velankar Ameya H. , Ghodke Ashok M. , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Failure to appropriately address intra-articular fractures of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint may result in enduring pain, stiffness, and post-traumatic arthritis. Our approach employs a straightforward and economical method of creating a static traction splint using an aluminum splint. This splint is removed after 2 weeks, followed by the initiation of early mobilization.

Materials and Methods:
A flexible aluminum splint is placed on the injured finger. A polypropylene suture passes through the nail and is tied to the splint for sustained traction, and the finger is immobilized for 2 weeks. After this period, the splint is removed, and active assisted finger mobilization begins. Patients are assessed post-surgery using the Ishida score.

Results:
This study involved 30 treated patients, with a mean age of 31.47 ± 11.11 years, ranging from 18 to 69 years. Among them, 26 were male and 4 were female, with 20 experiencing right-side involvement. Sports-related injuries were reported in 17 cases, followed by road traffic accidents in 7 cases and slips in 6 cases. The mean range of motion, measured in degrees, was 83.3 ± 0.22. Overall, the patients achieved excellent results.

Conclusion:
Utilizing static traction for intra-articular PIP joint fractures is a safe, relatively straightforward, and cost-effective method with minimal complications. This approach guarantees anatomical joint alignment, promotes favorable fracture healing, and facilitates early mobilization, leading to a swift and satisfactory recovery.
Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal anti-acne patch
Authors: Khan Nilofar , Pawar Anjali Prabhakar , Patil Sakshi , Patil Prajakta Ravindra , Patil Payal Vinayak , Patil Prathamesh Navnath , Dalvi Sweety R. , Kshirsagar Shubhangi V. , Kale Mohan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Herbal anti-acne patches are designed to treat acne and blemishes by reducing breakouts, absorbing excess oil, promoting healing, preventing infection, and reducing pain. They also hydrate the skin, offering convenience and ease of use. These patches aim to effectively target and treat acne lesions, encourage healing, prevent future breakouts, and provide comprehensive care for clearer, healthier skin, all without causing irritation or discomfort.

Materials and Methods:
In this preparation, fresh marigold flowers were collected, cleaned, dried, powdered, and sifted. Neem leaves were gathered, cleaned, dried, ground, weighed, and stored.

Results:
The results revealed that the anti-acne patches were evaluated for quality based on moisture content, pH, thickness, absorption, folding resistance, and swelling.

Conclusion:
The study developed anti-acne patches using ethanol extracts from marigold flowers and neem leaves, known for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Effective against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, the patches demonstrated significant bacterial inhibition through agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, suggesting their potential as safe, natural acne treatments.
Prevalence of iron deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association with altered lipid profile
Authors: Naskar Arindam , Mondal Agnibho , Dhar Indranil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
The escalation of diabetes mellitus poses a significant public health challenge in India. This condition impacts iron metabolism, potentially causing variations in the iron profile. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of iron deficiency in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and explore its associated factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care center in Eastern India. Biochemical assessments encompassed fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, renal function tests, complete hemogram, and iron profile. Anthropometric measurements were conducted using standardized procedures.

Results:
This study revealed that among the 203 participants, the prevalence of iron deficiency was 63.5% (95% confidence interval: 56.5–70.2). Anemia was observed in 34% of patients (men <13 g/dL, women <12 g/dL). The mean levels of serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation were 62.9 ± 26.1 μg/dL, 100.6 ± 103.2 ng/mL, 392.3 ± 72 μg/dL, and 16.6 ± 7.5%, respectively. The mean fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, and HbA1c values were 154.2 ± 63 mg/dL, 229.3 ± 92.1 mg/dL, and 7.7 ± 1.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences in iron levels between genders or between poorly controlled and well-controlled diabetics. However, significant associations were observed between iron deficiency and lower total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that iron deficiency is highly prevalent among diabetic patients in India and is associated with lipid profile alterations.
Occurrences and characteristics of forced marriages among girls married before the age of 16 in a Northern Nigerian State
Authors: Sanni Felix O. , Ajani Olumide F. , Sanni Elizabeth A. , Gwa Zachary T. , Dada Michael O. , Alabi Yemisi B. , Udah Donald C. , Kareem Jubril A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Child marriage is deeply ingrained in Nigerian tradition, culture, and religion, and the country has one of the highest rates of child marriage globally. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of coerced marriages among girls married before turning 16 in Borno, Nigeria. It perceives premarital unions as a substantial violation of human rights, particularly affecting the independence of adolescent girls.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study took place in three local government areas (LGAs) situated in Borno, Nigeria, namely Konduga, Jere, and Maiduguri Metropolitan City LGAs. Structured questionnaires were distributed to 210 female participants aged between 15 and 49, who were married before reaching 16, from 1989 to 2019, to gather data. Data analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Results:
The incidence of forced marriage among girls under 16 years old was recorded at 23.8%, notably higher during the period spanning from 1980 to 1989 at 37.5%. Among respondents currently married, approximately one-fifth (23.1%) disclosed being coerced into marriage. A higher proportion underwent forced marriage during the ages of 9–12 years, accounting for 33.3%. Moreover, a considerable portion of respondents with no formal education (28.6%) and those who attended Qur’anic schools (25.5%) were compelled into marriage. The prevalence of fistula among girls married early stood at 8.6%, with 10.6% among those not subjected to forced marriage and 2.0% among girls who were coerced. Among early married girls, 20.5% reported facing ill-treatment from their spouses, with a higher proportion (30.0%) among those coerced into marriage compared to those not coerced (17.5%). Additionally, gender-based violence from family members was notably more prevalent among girls forced into marriage (32.0%), with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
Efforts directed toward reducing the prevalence of girl-child marriage in Nigeria should focus on tackling entrenched cultural norms that differ among ethnic groups and religious beliefs. The public health implications encompass gender-based violence, abuse, and the breakdown of marriages.
Clinicopathological study of masses of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and its correlation with radiology
Authors: Sahu Soumya , Malpani Garima , Varma Amit V. , Malukani Kamal , Sharda Bela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nasal and paranasal abnormalities frequently represent the primary observations in the otorhinolaryngology domain. Thorough clinical evaluation and radiological methodologies aid in establishing a preliminary diagnosis; however, histopathological examination (HPE) remains indispensable for confirming a definitive diagnosis. The objective is to determine the demographic breakdown of patients exhibiting sinonasal lesions and to evaluate and correlate clinical and radiological observations with histopathological diagnoses.

Materials and Methods:
This ambispective observational study involved 128 sinonasal lesions diagnosed via histopathology spanning 3 years (2020–2023). All pertinent clinical radiological observations were recorded, and tissue samples underwent staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special stains, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) when necessary. The collected data were organized into tables, and statistical analyses were conducted.

Results:
Among the 128 cases examined, 98 (76.56%) were identified as non-neoplastic lesions, 14 (10.93%) as benign neoplasms, and 16 (12.50%) as malignant lesions through HPE. The male-to-female ratio stood at 1.2:1. The highest number of cases was observed within the age bracket of 21–40 years. Nasal obstruction emerged as the predominant symptom, accounting for 46 (35.93%) cases.

Conclusion:
A broad range of lesions can impact the sinonasal tract. While clinical and radiological characteristics may exhibit similarities, histopathology is the ultimate standard for confirming a definitive diagnosis.
A computed tomography-based retrospective study on the foramen ovale and foramen spinosum in a Nigerian population
Authors: Ominde Beryl Shitandi , Odjegba Dorcas Eruwu , Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Omoro Faithful Orovwoghene , Igbigbi Patrick Sunday 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study investigated the shapes and dimensions of the foramen ovale (FO) and foramen spinosum (FS) in a specific population sample from Delta State, Nigeria, emphasizing their significance in various neurosurgical procedures.

Materials and Methods:
Following ethical clearance, this retrospective study analyzed 250 brain computed tomography (CT) images from the Radiology Department of a teaching hospital in Delta State, Nigeria. The sample included images from 100 females and 150 males, all aged 18 years or older. The dimensions of the FO and FS were measured on axial sections using a standardized protocol. Statistical analyses were conducted with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, United States) software, categorizing data by gender and age groups. Inferential statistics, including Student t test, analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation, were performed, with findings considered significant at P < 0.05.

Results:
The predominant shapes of the FO and FS were oval and round, respectively. Significant side differences were observed in the length of the right FS (P = 0.040). Gender differences were noted in the length of the bilateral FO (P = 0.010) and the width of the left FO (P = 0.001). A significant correlation with age was found for the width of the left FO (P = 0.006) and the distance from the right FO to FS (P = 0.037). The FS was absent in 24 cases (9.6%).

Conclusion:
This study highlights age-, side-, and gender-related differences in the shapes and dimensions of the FO and FS. It emphasizes the importance of precise preoperative radiological assessments to ensure optimal outcomes for neurosurgical planning.
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a predictive marker of the outcomes of fibrinolytic therapy in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Kumar Amit , Tanwar Shweta , Chetiwal Rajesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Risk assessment is vital in delivering appropriate treatment and enhancing patient outcomes during acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study sought to ascertain the significance of NT-proBNP in predicting the outcome of thrombolysis in acute STEMI.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective study, we enrolled individuals with acute STEMI who underwent fibrinolytic therapy. Plasma N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) levels were assessed upon admission. Patients were categorized as thrombolysis success or failure groups based on electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria. The outcomes were measured in terms of in-hospital mortality and adverse cardiovascular events.

Results:
Thrombolysis achieved success in 59.13% of acute STEMI cases. Patients experiencing failed thrombolysis had a significantly longer mean time to reperfusion than those with successful thrombolysis (4.74 ± 2.42 vs. 5.97 ± 2.35 h, P = 0.0078). The median baseline NT-proBNP concentration was 983 pg/mL (interquartile range 777–2987 pg/mL). The plasma NT-proBNP levels on admission were notably higher in the thrombolysis failure group (P < 0.001). NT-proBNP, time to reperfusion, heart rate, blood urea, and serum uric acid exhibited negative correlations with thrombolysis outcomes. The most prevalent adverse event was cardiac failure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated a robust association between NT-proBNP and in-hospital mortality. High NT-proBNP (>983 pg/mL) and prolonged time to reperfusion (>6 h) emerged as independent predictors of thrombolysis failure on multivariate logistic regression analysis (P = 0.017 and 0.035, respectively).

Conclusion:
Elevated plasma NT-proBNP upon admission during acute STEMI serves as a robust predictor for both fibrinolytic therapy failure and in-hospital mortality.
Pathways to mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study from rural tertiary government mental health facilities in India
Authors: Jaise Jithin , Shetty Kannappa V. , Manikappa Sanjeev Kumar , Bamney Urmila 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Understanding the routes individuals take to access mental health care facilities for treatment is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and policies for those grappling with mental illness. These routes are commonly referred to as pathways to mental health services.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive research design was utilized, alongside simple random sampling, to select a sample of 30 participants. Along with gathering sociodemographic variables, data collection involved utilizing the World Health Organization Pathways to Care Performance tool at rural government hospitals in India.

Results:
The results of the research show that 50% of the population initially sought assistance from psychiatric services, whereas 43.3% consulted native or religious healers for mental illness treatment. It is worth noting that the majority of urban participants primarily utilized psychiatric services. Furthermore, the study highlights that delays in treatment are more common among patients who initially sought help from religious or native healers, especially those from rural backgrounds.

Conclusion:
This study indicates that treatment delays are more significant among the rural population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of the effect of a nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation program enriched with yoga on knowledge levels and vertigo symptoms in patients with vertigo
Authors: Selvaraj Gayathri , Punitha Santhanasamy , Dayanidy Ganesan , Bhavanani Ananda Balayogi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Around 9.9 million people in India experience vertigo or dizziness, making it difficult to perform daily activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation programs enriched with yoga on the level of knowledge and vertigo symptoms among patients with vertigo.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty patients were selected through purposive sampling, and 40 each were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation program comprising vestibular exercises and designated yoga routines. By contrast, the control group received standard care, including prescription of drugs by the physician and follow-up. Data collection involved structured instruments, including sociodemographic and clinical variables, a multiple-choice questionnaire to gauge knowledge levels, and a 5-point Likert scale to measure the intensity of vertigo symptoms. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential methods with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 (Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results:
The independent t value for comparing post-test knowledge (t = 16.87, P = 0.00) and vertigo symptoms (t = 9.25, P = 0.00) between the experimental and control groups indicated significant differences at a significance level of P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Incorporating yoga into a nurse-led vestibular rehabilitation program effectively improved the knowledge level and reduced vertigo symptoms among patients experiencing vertigo.