bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of ER stress in regulation of retinal angiogenesis and VEGF signaling
Authors: ZHANG S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central hub for lipid and protein biosynthesis, protein folding and intracellular calcium storage in eukaryotic cells. Apart from these important and traditional roles, emerging evidence suggests that the ER functions as a principal stress sensor and signal transducer in the cell and this novel function is fulfilled primarily by the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is an intricate set of adaptive signaling pathways activated upon aberrant accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins in the ER, or ER stress. Increased ER stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and diabetes. The dynamic activation and differential regulation of the UPR signaling pathways plays a central role in coordinating the cellular responses to various metabolic changes and regulates a broad range of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. This presentation will summarize the role of ER stress in retinal angiogenesis and discuss the novel mechanisms of regulation of VEGF signaling by UPR pathways in relation to diabetic retinopathy.
European Board of Ophthalmology new subspecialty diploma; example: glaucoma surgery
Authors: SUNARIC MEGEVAND G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe main goal of the European Board of Ophthalmology is promoting education in Ophthalmology and harmonizing medical care in the field of Ophthalmology in European countries. The current EBO diploma ensures a minimum standard of knowledge in general Ophthalmology and is actually attended by a growing number of candidates, reaching in 2014 more than 500 from 28 countries. As there is a growing interest and real need for subspecialty training in different fields, the EBO is currently creating, with the help of European specialist societies , a sub‐specialty exam in order to award Ophthalmologists who complete sub‐specialty training and pass the exam with a formal recognition of their expertise by a Diploma. The aim is also to protect Sub‐Specialists and for the benefit of our patients in general, by inviting interested colleagues to obtain a distinction as a proof of excellence. During this course the example of the EBO‐Glaucoma Subspecialty exam with particular emphasis on surgical training, will be discussed.
Regulating the body clock – The unrecognised role of the eye
Authors: FOSTER R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLittle more than a decade ago discussion that the eye might contain another photoreceptor, different from the rods and cones, generated either polite amusement or a hostile rebuttal. The dogma was that all light detection took place by these photoreceptors whilst the other cells of the retina act only to process visual signals. However, several lines of research led to the discovery that the vertebrate eye, including humans, contains another class of photoreceptor based upon a small number of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs). These specialised neurons detect environmental irradiance and regulate a wide range of physiology and behaviour including the regulation of 24h body clocks, sleep, alertness, mood and even pupil size. Furthermore, the pRGCs have been shown to utilize a novel light signalling pathway based upon the photopigment melanopsin. Collectively these findings have transformed our understanding of how the eye detects light and are redefining our assessment, treatment and care of individuals with eye disease. The discovery and current understanding of this “third” class of ocular photoreceptor will be reviewed in this presentation.
IOP measurement from corneal vibration parameters analysis: first clinical trial partial results
Authors: BITOUN P , BENZACKEN L , BOUAFIA K , HAOUCHINE B , CHAPELLE P , CHAMBARD JP , JOUROT P , PEAN V 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose A novel non‐contact, non‐invasive Vibration Tonometry technology with excitation of corneal vibration and their correlation to GAT IOP was tested in a large clinical trial reportedMethods 413 eyes from 207 volunteers from various origins at a suburban Paris hospital eye clinic were enrolled. History, vibration tonometry measurements in triplicate GAT, NIDEK air puff IOP, refractometry, keratometry and Tomey pachymetry. Algorithm discovery was performed by random draw splitting runs into a discovery sample and a separate validation sample performed 10 times separately on males and females.Results 40/207 19.3% patients had glaucoma,50% were females.993 measurement runs were performed of which 83.5% were in correct position. Population aged 23‐92 yo with 42% females with mean 59.7(+/‐15.7) in females and 60.4 (+/‐13.8)in males. GAT IOP mean was 16.0 mm Hg (+/‐3.46) in females and 15.8 (+/‐3.95) in males. CCT mean was 530.2µ (+/‐35.1) in females and 526.3µ (+/‐42.4) in males, AL mean was 23.29 mm (+/‐1.68) in females and 23.73 mm (+/‐1.68) in males. None of these differences were significant. 46 eyes had GAT IOP greater >/= 20 mm Hg. No adverse events were reported during or post trial. Algorithm for women yielded 95,4% of IOP mean within 5 mm Hg of mean GAT IOP. For men 91% of IOP mean was within 5 mm Hg of mean GAT IOPConclusion Current algorithm seems to show no evidence of effect of CCT on measurement precision. Vibration tonometry is a valuable method for non‐invasive measurement of IOP without contact with reasonable precision and good reproducibility and independently of CCT. It may thus prove to be a valuable tool for IOP measurement in thin and surgical corneas
Commercial interest
Diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada syndrome
Authors: MOUALLEM A , TOUITOU V , BODAGHI B , CHAMPION E , DARUGAR A , FARDEAU C , CASSOUX N , LE HOANG P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of lumbar puncture in Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) syndrome.Methods Medical records of patients seen in a single tertiary center between 1995 and 2013, with confirmed VKH syndrome according to the Revised Diagnostic Criterias, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical stage of the disease, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, therapeutic strategy, and prognosis were compared.Results 68 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of VKH disease were initially reviewed. Among them, 29 patients (42%) had undergone a lumbar puncture (LP). 21 LP (72.4%) were performed at the early stage of the disease, and 11 were performed at the chronic stage of the disease (37.6%). 16 patients (55%) had a pleiocytosis. LP was abnormal in 66,7% at the acute phase and 27% at the chronic phase. An average of 62.3 lymphocytes /mm3 was observed when LP was performed during the acute phase and an average of 9.5 lymphocytes / mm3 was observed during the chronic phase ( p = 0,03). For two cases, the patient met the diagnostic criteria because of the LP findings. Patients dependant on low doses of steroids (<5mg/d) had more lymphocytes (93,8 lymphocytesmm3) into the initial CSF analysis compared to the patients dependant on high doses of steroids (>5mg/d) ( 29,3 lymphocytesmm3) (p=0.03) when LP was performed at the acute phase of the disease.Conclusion The number of lymphocytes in the CSF at the diagnostic phase seems to be one of the prognostic factors for the outcome of VKH. Patients with a low pleiocytosis in the initial lumbar puncture should be closely monitored and may require a more aggressive treatment. Those conclusions must be confirmed with a prospective study.
Cataract surgery in children with syndromes or mental retardation
Authors: BREMOND‐GIGNAC D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSpecific complications of cataract surgery in children are well known. Refractive errors, strabismus, amblyopia, glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification, inflammation, retinal complication. Young patients with syndromes or mental retardation can present some particular features that need to be evaluated and anticipated. Essentially they come from two directions. One is linked to ocular conditions that can be associated with the syndrome, such as microphthalmia, nanophthalmos, anterior segment dysgenesia, aniridia, frequency of capsular opacification, IO L calculation and complications, persistent fetal vasculature needs complex ultrasound examination to evaluate the surgical options, ocular misalignement, glaucoma, coloboma, retinal anomalies. The other condition is linked to mental retardation and the post‐operative capacity of the child. The different surgical procedures with each step and aphakia correction are discussed following specific ocular conditions and should be adjusted with the level of mental retardation.
Pulsatile versus non‐pulsatile choroidal blood flow in Primary Open‐Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Authors: RIVA C , ABOU SAMRA W , POURNARAS C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose After demonstrating altered subfoveal choroidal blood flow(F)in POAG (AbouSamra et al,Acta Ophthal 2012,we now studied the waveform of the pulsatile component of F(FP) in normal subjects and POAG patients. Methods Using laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF,F and FP were measured in 17 healthy controls and 19 age‐ and sex‐matched POAG patients. We determined the waveform amplitude A(=1‐FPdiast/FPsyst) during the heart beat and the times T(d‐s) and T(s‐d) to increase from the diastolic to the systolic and to decrease from the systolic to the diastolic values of FP, respectively. Results Both mean F and mean FP were significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) reduced in the POAG compared to the control group. However mean FP/mean F was not significantly different between groups. Relative to the brachial artery value, the A‐value at the subfovea was significantly increased in POAG compared to controls. The mean vascular resistance (R = mean perfusion pressure /mean F) was markedly increased(p < 0.0001 in the POAG group. There was no significant differences in T(d‐s) and T(s‐d) between the groups. Conclusion These LDF‐based findings further support the presence of hemodynamic alterations in the subfoveal choroid in POAG.
Effect of acute hypoxia or hyperoxia on the optic nerve head and choroidal blood flow in healthy humans
Authors: CHIQUET C , ZHOU T , GALLICE M , APTEL F , TRUFFER F , GEISER M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis presentation deals with the ocular vasoreactivity to acute hypoxia and hyperoxia in young healthy subjects (n=16). The protocol consisted in a 15‐min inhalation of 100% O2 (hyperoxia) or 10.5% O2 + N2 (for a stable SpO2 of 85%, hypoxia) in normocapnic conditions. Blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry in the subfoveal choroid or at the temporal site of the optic nerve head (ONH). Hypoxia induced a significant 30±10% increase in ONH blood flow (due to simultaneous VEL and VOL rise). Hyperoxia significantly decreased ONH blood flow by 12±7% (due to both VEL and VOL decrease). Choroidal blood flow was not affected by hypoxia or hyperoxia. We will discuss the mechanisms associated with the effect of gas and the difference of response between choroid and ONH.
New insights into genetics of Fuchs dystrophy
Authors: BARATZ K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common, familial trait. Several genes have been associated with the disease, including LOXHD1, SLC4A11, TCF4, ZEB‐1 and COL8A2 which has been identified as a cause of an early‐onset Fuchs‐like disease. The evidence for these genetic associations will be reviewed and new data will be shared. To date, the most sensitive biomarker for FECD is an intronic TGC trinucleotide expansion in the TCF4 gene which is present in the majority of FECD cases and in a small proportion of normal control subjects. Within families, this tricnucleotide expansion tends to segregate with the disease phenotype. The biology of trinucleotide expansion diseases and possible mechanisms by which TGC expansion may conribute to FECD will be presented. A brief discussion of recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of FECD, such as the unfolded protein response and oxidative stress, will also be presented in order to highlight the challenges in linking the implicated causative genes with the biochemical pathways involved in the disease.
Confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging of corneal dystrophies
Authors: WYLEGALA E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCorneal dystrophies are the group of hereditary, slowly progressive disorders affecting all corneal layers. In the past, histological examination was crucial in proper diagnosis of corneal dystrophies. In recent years, non invasive optical imaging systems such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy (CM) along with genetic testing have become a new standard procedures in the diagnostic process. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of corneal dystrophies including genetic analysis and confocal microscopy findings were included in the IC3D classification in 2008. The lecture summarizes the basic principles of the confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. It describes the pathological corneal changes revealed by slit lamp and histological examination in relation to non contact imaging techniques. The structural changes observed with the histological methods give an account and provide an explanation for pathological changes demonstrated by the OCT and CM. This may allow for a better understanding of the pathological process involved in the corneal dystrophies progression.
Early diagnosis and treatment changes disease phenotype in birdshot retinochoroiditis
Authors: HERBORT C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and Aim: The diagnosis of birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC) relies mainly on the presence of oval‐shaped "birdshot lesions" (BL) part of the currently used inappropriate diagnostic criteria that do not use diagnostic tools for choroidal disease such as ICG angiography (ICGA) and do not allow to make an early diagnosis. It is now well‐known that when BL become apparent, the disease has already been evolving since months or years. Patients and methods: Using appropriate diagnostic criteria, including vitritis and retinal vasculitis in at least one eye, presence of ICGA detected choroiditis in both eyes and the presence of the HLA‐A29 antigen, we compared a group of patients treated early (< 10 months of symptoms) with a group of patients treated after more than 10 months of symptoms. Mean follow‐up was 10 years in bothe groups. Results: Patients treated early almost never developed the characteristic BL, whereas patients treated late all presented BL at start of therapy that almost never disappeared after treatment. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment modifies the phenotype of BRC by preventing the apparition of BL clearly indicating that the presently used diagnostic criteria are completely inappropriate.
When disease mechanism is more important than disease phenotype: the example of multifocal choroiditis of the choriocapillaritis type
Authors: NERI P , ARAPI I , PIRANI V , GRESTI G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInflammatory choriocapillaropathies (ICCP) is the name given to a group of diseases affecting the choroicapillaris. Primary inflammation of the choriocapillaris was suspected long before indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) became routinely available. In fact, fluorescein angiography (FA) is not tool capable to detect choroidal ischemia and does not give imaging access to the rest of the choroid. One of the main characteristics described in such group of diseases is represented by their eclectic attitude. The reason why the disease behaviours are so different from one condition to the other is still unknown. Among this group it is recognized a sub‐group of diseases known as multifocal choroiditis. When seen by the clinician most of the cases already show chorioretinal scars, as if preceding silent episodes occur before the disease becomes symptomatic at the time of a recurrence. Multifocal choroiditis occurs in the same age groups as other ICCPs, namely in young to middle aged adults with women being predominantly affected. Lesions tend to leave scars and are not spontaneously reversible but seem to respond corticosteroid therapy. Subretinal neovascular membranes occur in one third of patients.
Disease phenotypes in emerging infectious ocular conditions: how strongly disease defining are they?
Authors: KHAIRALLAH M , KAHLOUN R , ZAOUALI S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEmergent and resurgent infectious diseases are major causes of systemic morbidity and death that are expanding worldwide mainly because of climate changes and globalization.An array of ocular manifestations, involving mainly the posterior segment, have been recently described in association with specific arthropod vector‐borne diseases including rickettsioses, West Nile virus, Rift Valley fever, Dengue fever, and Chikungunya. They include anterior uveitis, retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis and optic nerve involvement. Proper clinical diagnosis of any of these infectious diseases is based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. Several fairly typical fundus findings may help establish the diagnosis in specific emergent infectious diseases while serologic testing is pending.
Inner retinal defects exist preoperatively in patients with epiretinal membrane
Authors: THEOCHARIS IP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the etiology of the inner retinal defects (IRD) that have been detected postoperatively in patients after membrane (ERM) and ILM peelingMethods A retrospective comparative study based on enface and b scan OCT findings. Twenty healthy individuals with normal maculas served as control group. Twenty patients with unilateral or bilateral ERM that were not operated comprise one group and served as a tool to study the progress of the defects and the bilaterality of the findings. Twenty patients with preoperative and postoperative OCTs to study the changes of the inner retinal layers postoperatively.Results No defects were found in the posterior pole of the healthy eyes. 16 out 20 patients with unilateral clinically significant ERM present with IRD at the diseased eye in contrast with the absence of IRD at the normal eye or at eyes with early stage of ERM. In operated eyes, preoperatively the IRDs were detected in 19 out of 20 eyes. Postoperatively the defects seem to faint and disappear when significant diffuse retinal edema is present and reappear when the edema is resorbed. IRD may expand postoperatively by time or new areas of defects may appear. A healing process of the inner layers may not be excluded.Conclusion The IRDs do not result exclusively by the surgical manipulations but the tractional forces during the development of the membrane seem to cause loss of inner retinal layers tissue. Postoperative edema of the posterior pole in early postoperative period may obscure the presence of IRDs
Retinal detachment in congenital glaucoma
Authors: ZHAO L , WEI B 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the clinical characteristics of retinal detachment in congenital glaucoma and related surgical treatments.Methods 28 patients(30eyes)with congenital glaucoma suffering from retinal detachment were reviewed retrospectively.Results 26 of 28 eyes which undergone retinal detachment surgical treatments were anatomic recovered. The postoperative rise of intraocular pressure took place in all eyes. Follow‐up was made on 20 patients(21 eyes), retinal detachment was recurrent in 5 eyes. The final visual acuity was increased in 9 eyes, and the intraocular pressure of 14 eyes were normal.Conclusion The area of retinal detachment and degree of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) are identified as the two most significant factors affecting functional prognoses. To stabilize the intraocular pressure, a regular examination is mandatory.
Progressive visual loss in Retinitis Pigmentosa leads to cortical and subcortical reorganization of the human brain
Authors: PEREIRA AC , FERREIRA S , QUENDERA B , MATEUS C , SILVA E , CASTELO‐BRANCO M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a retinal disease characterized by photoreceptor degeneration. Usually, symptoms are early onset night blindness followed by progressive peripheral vision loss, with central vision being later affected. Some patients become blind after several years of disease. We studied the consequences of this progressive loss of visual input in the human brain using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Methods 13 RP patients (8M, 5F; mean age 47±13yrs; range:23‐66yrs) and 24 age‐matched controls (10M, 14F; mean age 44±13yrs; range 22‐69yrs) were scanned in a 3T Siemens scanner. Cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA) and subcortical volumes were obtained with Freesurfer.Results Patients’ visual field ranged from 22deg to almost blindness. Self‐reported symptoms’ onset ranged from birth to 45 years of age (mean symptoms’ duration: 30yrs; range 6‐51). Patients showed decreased CT in pericalcarine(p=0.002); cuneus(p<0.001); lingual(p=0.02) and lateral occipital(p=0.007) regions and increased CT in supramarginal(p=0.02), superior frontal(p=0.02) and the parahippocampal(p=<0.02) gyri. Also, cortical SA was decreased only in superior parietal cortex(p<0.009,) and increased in inferior temporal gyrus(p=0.03), isthmus cingulate(p=0.02), banks of superior temporal sulcus(p=0.007), pars orbitalis(p=0.02) and transverse temporal sulcus(p=0.002). Also, the caudate nucleus was increased in RP(p=0.003).Conclusion We conclude that visual input deprivation in RP leads to a large scale subcortical and cortical reorganization of brain resources, with loss in visual processing areas and changes in multimodal integration areas that may compensate for this sensory input loss.
Usefulness of ophthalmology psychophysical test for diagnosis and monitoring support in mild Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: GARCIA MARTIN ES , DE HOZ R , ROJAS B , RAMIREZ AI , SALAZAR JJ , GIL P , YUBERO R , TRIVINO A , RAMIREZ JM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by cortical atrophy most pronounced in the medial temporal and posterior temporoparietal regions. The goal of the present study was to examine the visual pathway in patients with mild AD (GDS 4) by means of a different psychophysical test, specifically —visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), colour perception and perception digital test (PDT)— and to compare them with an age‐matched control.Methods Twenty‐three patients with mild AD and 27 controls were examined at Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid (Spain). Subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological examination (VA, refraction, colour test, biomicroscopy, IOP, dilated fundoscopy, and OCT).Results In comparison with the control group, patients with mild AD presented a significant decrease in the VA, in the CS (for all the spatial frequencies), in the colour perception (unspecific errors blue axis) and PDT (p <0.05 in all instances).Conclusion In mild AD, there are alterations in the M, P, and K visual pathways. The psychophysical ophthalmological tests used in this study could serve as a tool for AD diagnosis and follow‐up. (Support: OFTARED (Grant RD12/0034/0002, ISCIII, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation)