bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of micron‐sized superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as markers for detection of migration of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a stroke model
Authors: Tarulli Emidio , Chaudhuri Joydeep D. , Gretka Voytek , Hoyles Amy , Morshead Cindi M. , Stanisz G.J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the feasibility of using micron‐sized superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (MPIOs) as an effective labeling agent for monitoring bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BMSC) migration in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a rat model of stroke and whether the accumulation of MPIO‐labeled BMSCs can be differentiated from the accumulation of free MPIO particles or hemoglobin breakdown at a site of neuronal damage.Materials and Methods:In this study BMSCs were labeled with iron oxide and their pattern of migration following intravenous injection in a rat stroke model was monitored using a clinical MRI system followed by standard histopathology. The migration pattern was compared between intravenous injection of BMSCs alone, BMSCs labeled with MPIOs, and MPIO particles alone.Results:The results demonstrated that while MRI was highly sensitive in the detection of iron oxide particle‐containing cells in areas of neuronal ischemia, the true origin of cells containing iron oxide particles remains ambiguous. Therefore, detection of iron particles may not be a suitable strategy for the detection of BMSCs in the brain in a stroke model.Conclusion:This study suggests that the use of MPIOs as labeling agents are insufficient to conclusively determine the localization of iron within cells in regions of neuronal ischemia and hemorrhage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1409–1418. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolving role of MRI in Crohn's disease
Authors: Yacoub Joseph H. , Obara Piotr , Oto Aytekin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMR enterography is playing an evolving role in the evaluation of small bowel Crohn's disease (CD). Standard MR enterography includes a combination of rapidly acquired T2 sequence, balanced steady‐state acquisition, and contrast enhanced T1‐weighted gradient echo sequence. The diagnostic performance of these sequences has been shown to be comparable, and in some respects superior, to other small bowel imaging modalities. The findings of CD on MR enterography have been well described in the literature. New and emerging techniques such as diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI), cinematography, and magnetization transfer, may lead to improved accuracy in characterizing the disease. These advanced techniques can provide quantitative parameters that may prove to be useful in assessing disease activity, severity, and response to treatment. In the future, MR enterography may play an increasing role in management decisions for patients with small bowel CD; however, larger studies are needed to validate these emerging MRI parameters as imaging biomarkers. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1277–1289. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An ultrasonic method for separation of epiphytic microbes from freshwater submerged macrophytes
Authors: Cai Xianlei , Gao Guang , Yang Jing , Tang Xiangming , Dai Jiangyu , Chen Dan , Song Yuzhi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEpiphytic microbes are common inhabitants of freshwater submerged macrophytes, which play an important role in aquatic ecosystems. An important precondition for studying the epiphytic microbes is having an effective method of separating the attached microbes from the host macrophytes. We developed an ultrasound‐based method for separating epiphytic microbes from freshwater submerged macrophytes, optimized the conditions of ultrasonic separation with an orthogonal experimental design, and compared the optimized ultrasonic method with manual separation. This method can be particularly useful for freshwater submerged macrophytes having a complex morphology.
Simulation of present and future climate of Saudi Arabia using a regional climate model (PRECIS)
Authors: Almazroui Mansour 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, climate parameters (rainfall and temperature) are simulated for Saudi Arabia by downscaling the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40‐year reanalysis (ERA40) and the European Community − Hamburg Atmospheric Model (ECHAM5) data using the UK Met Office Regional Climate Model PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies). Simulations are performed for a present climate of 30 years (1971–2000) using ERA40 and ECHAM5, and future climate is predicted for a period of 50 years (2021–2070) using ECHAM5 A1B emissions scenario. The results show that the spatial distribution of the present‐day rainfall and temperature simulated by PRECIS are consistent with the observed dataset. In addition, their annual cycle and interannual variability are reasonably well reproduced. The dry precipitation and warm temperature biases exhibited in the driving fields (compared with the observations) are reduced because of the improvements in specific humidity and in the wind field within the PRECIS simulations compared with the driving fields. The projection using the calibrated national average temperature exhibits a positive trend in mean temperature of around 0.65 °C per decade. For rainfall projection, the results show that the coastal areas along the central parts of the Red Sea and the south‐southwestern areas of Saudi Arabia may experience more extreme rainfall events, whereas the northern and central parts of the country may undergo a drying trend. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Climatology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Royal Meteorological Society.
Effects of Topography and Surface Soil Cover on Erosion for Mining Reclamation: The Experimental Spoil Heap at El Machorro Mine (Central Spain)
Authors: Martín‐Moreno Cristina , Martín Duque José Francisco , Nicolau Ibarra José Manuel , Hernando Rodríguez Néstor , Sanz Santos Miguel Ángel , Sánchez Castillo Lázaro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMining reclamation tries to reduce environmental impacts, including accelerated runoff, erosion and sediment load in the nearby fluvial networks and their ecosystems. This study compares the effects of topography and surface soil cover on erosion on man‐made slopes coming from surface mining reclamation in Central Spain. Two topographic profiles, linear and concave, with two surface soil covers, subsoil and topsoil, were monitored for two hydrologic years. Sediment load, rill development and plant colonization from the four profiles were measured under field conditions. The results show that, in the case of this experiment, a thick and non‐compacted topsoil cover on a linear slope yielded less sediment than carbonate colluvium or topsoil cover on a concave slope. This study also shows that vegetation establishment, which plays an important role in erosion control, depends on topography. Plant cover was more widespread and more homogeneous on linear profiles with topsoil cover. On concave slopes, plant establishment was severely limited on the steepest upper part and favoured in the bottom. This study suggests that management of topography and surface soil cover should be approached systematically, taking three outcomes into consideration: (i) topsoil can lead to a successful mining reclamation regardless of topography, (ii) created concave slopes can lead to a successful mining reclamation and (iii) topography determines the vegetation colonization pattern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untangling the web: The diverse functions of the PIWI/piRNA pathway
Authors: Mani Sneha Ramesh , Juliano Celina E. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYSmall RNAs impact several cellular processes through gene regulation. Argonaute proteins bind small RNAs to form effector complexes that control transcriptional and post‐transcriptional gene expression. PIWI proteins belong to the Argonaute protein family, and bind PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs). They are highly abundant in the germline, but are also expressed in some somatic tissues. The PIWI/piRNA pathway has a role in transposon repression in Drosophila, which occurs both by epigenetic regulation and post‐transcriptional degradation of transposon mRNAs. These functions are conserved, but clear differences in the extent and mechanism of transposon repression exist between species. Mutations in piwi genes lead to the upregulation of transposon mRNAs. It is hypothesized that this increased transposon mobilization leads to genomic instability and thus sterility, although no causal link has been established between transposon upregulation and genome instability. An alternative scenario could be that piwi mutations directly affect genomic instability, and thus lead to increased transposon expression. We propose that the PIWI/piRNA pathway controls genome stability in several ways: suppression of transposons, direct regulation of chromatin architecture and regulation of genes that control important biological processes related to genome stability. The PIWI/piRNA pathway also regulates at least some, if not many, protein‐coding genes, which further lends support to the idea that piwi genes may have broader functions beyond transposon repression. An intriguing possibility is that the PIWI/piRNA pathway is using transposon sequences to coordinate the expression of large groups of genes to regulate cellular function. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80:632–664, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved conversion efficiency of a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H thin‐film solar cells by using annealed Al‐doped zinc oxide as front electrode material
Authors: Neubert Sebastian , Wimmer Mark , Ruske Florian , Calnan Sonya , Gabriel Onno , Stannowski Bernd , Schlatmann Rutger , Rech Bernd 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn recent years, zinc oxide has been investigated as a front electrode material in hydrogenated amorphous silicon/hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H) tandem solar cells. Such as for other transparent conducting oxide materials and applications, a proper balancing of transparency and conductivity is necessary. The latter is directly related to the density and the mobility of charge carriers. A high density of charge carriers increases conductivity but leads to a higher absorption of light in the near‐infrared part of the spectrum due to increased free‐carrier absorption. Hence, the only way to achieve high conductivity while keeping the transparency as high as possible relies on an increase of carrier mobility. The carrier density and the mobility of sputtered Al‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) can be tailored by a sequence of different annealing steps. In this work, we implemented such annealed ZnO:Al films as a front electrode in a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H tandem solar cells and compared the results with those of reference cells grown on as‐deposited ZnO:Al. We observed an improvement of short‐circuit current density as well as open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. The gain in current density could be attributed to a reduction of both sub‐band‐gap absorption and free‐carrier absorption in the ZnO:Al. The higher open‐circuit voltage and fill factor are indicators of a better device quality of the silicon for cells grown on annealed ZnO:Al. Altogether, the annealing led to an improved initial conversion efficiency of 12.1%, which was a gain of +0.7% in absolute terms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity additively predict borderline personality disorder features in Italian nonclinical adolescents
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Gratz Kim L. , Maffei Cesare , Borroni Serena 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to test if measures of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity additively predicted dimensional scores of borderline personality disorder assessed using the Borderline Personality Disorder Scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire‐4+ in two independent samples of Italian nonclinical adolescents. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that three dimensions of emotion dysregulation (difficulties controlling impulsive behaviours when distressed, limited access to effective emotional regulation strategies and lack of emotional clarity) were significantly associated with BPD features in both samples. Further, impulsivity scores accounted for a significant amount of additional variance in BPD features above and beyond emotion dysregulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are current sensitivity products suﬃciently informative in targeting campaigns? A DTS‐MEDEX‐2009 case study
Authors: Garcies L. , Homar V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe DTS‐MEDEX‐2009 campaign was a ﬁeld experiment in which extra observations were adaptively deployed to improve the short‐range forecast of Mediterranean high‐impact weather (HIW) during autumn 2009. For the DTS‐MEDEX‐2009 cases, ﬁve diﬀerent sensitivity analysis techniques were carried out to provide targeting guidance: singular vectors (SV) from the ECMWF; ensemble transform Kalman ﬁlter (ETKF) and Kalman ﬁlter sensitivity (KFS) from Météo France; and ensemble and adjoint sensitivities from the University of the Balearic Islands. However, the value of the targeting guidance provided by such a variety of sensitivity products has never been assessed for a Mediterranean HIW event. Since radiosonde and AMDAR proﬁles were the only observational means available during the DTS‐MEDEX targeting campaign, this study tests the ability of each sensitivity product in identifying the region where a plausible sounding leads to a greater impact on the forecast of a potential high‐impact cyclone over southern Italy on 5 December 2009. All targetable radio‐sounding sites are also tested and a severe‐weather meteorologist is used as a confronting reference. The veriﬁcation testbed comprehends single sounding experiments and multiple sounding strategies by using the WRF Data Assimilation system. Single sounding tests reveal that sensitivity products fail to recognize the best location for a single observation since most of the soundings added over operational radio‐sounding stations have a larger inﬂuence on intense cyclone forecast than the points highlighted by the objective sensitivity calculation methods. Additionally, it is shown that human‐based decisions, after evaluating available sensitivity information, are not optimal, either in single or in multiple sounding strategies.
Characteristics of cold pools observed in narrow valleys and dependence on external conditions
Authors: Sheridan P. F. , Vosper S. B. , Brown A. R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObservations from the recent COLd‐air Pooling EXperiment (COLPEX) field campaign are used to relate the intensity of cold pools within two small valleys (O(100 m) depth and O(1 km) width) to flow conditions within the airmass passing over the valley. The temperature structure of the cold pools is examined using transects of ground‐based sensors through the valleys and radiosonde releases from within the valley, in order to evaluate simple two‐dimensional concepts of cold‐pool formation due to sheltering. The cold‐pool spatial and temporal structure is found to be consistent between different nights when strong cold pools occurred. Initially a sharp surface inversion occurs similarly at all points within the valley, with isentropes roughly terrain‐parallel. The inversion layer at the bottom of the valley then grows deeper, spreading over the bottom portion of the valley, and cross‐valley isentropes eventually become horizontal. By defining appropriate measures of the relative temperature drop within the cold pool, and non‐dimensional valley depth diagnosed with respect to the speed and stability of the approaching flow, the measurements are shown to be consistent with previous relationships determined for simple two‐dimensional valleys.
Stable isotope probing of amino sugars – a promising tool to assess microbial interactions in soils
Authors: Bodé Samuel , Fancy Rubeca , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEBacteria and fungi are key protagonists of litter degradation in soils. Often they have to share common substrates, which has led to special interactions between both microbial groups. Due to the historical classification of bacteriology and mycology as two separate fields of microbial research, the understanding of their interactions in soils is scares, while it is crucial for a better understanding of nutrient recycling and carbon sequestration in soils. Therefore, a new approach to investigate fungal‐bacterial interactions is proposed using stable isotope probing of their amino sugar biomarkers.METHODSAn agricultural soil, under different microbial inhibition treatments, was incubated for 21 days with 13C‐labeled plant residues. Residue respiration was determined by measuring the isotopic composition and concentration of the produced CO2, using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to a trace gas preparation unit. At several time points, amino sugars were extracted, after hydrolysis, from the incubated microcosms. Subsequently, 13C‐isotopic composition and concentration of the individual amino sugars was determined using liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry.RESULTSWhen the bacterial community was inhibited, fungi showed an increased capacity to metabolize added plant residues indicating an antagonistic effect of bacteria towards fungi. Furthermore, the fungal community was able to take benefit of a larger portion of the residue, which indicates that this antagonism was at least partially due to interference competition. On the other hand, the inhibition of the fungal community appeared to have a very negative effect on the capacity of bacteria to metabolize added plant residues. Therefore, the bacterial community could be considered as playing a parasitic type role towards fungi during litter degradation.CONCLUSIONSThis newly developed methodology proved to be very useful for elucidating microbial interactions during plant residue degradation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the characterization of functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Carroccio S. C. , Curcuruto G. , Tz. Dintcheva N. , Gambarotti C. , Coiai S. , Filippone G. 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEFunctionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) generates complex systems that require the development of suitable characterization protocols. New techniques have been explored, and existing analytical and spectroscopic methods to characterize functionalized CNTs have been adapted. Presently, chemical characterization of functionalized CNTs (f‐CNTs) remains a difficult task.METHODSMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis is performed on f‐MWCNT samples prepared via grafting or absorption of anti‐oxidant (AO) molecules on both MWCNT‐COOH and MWCNT‐OH. Covalently functionalized MWCNTs were subjected to thermal degradation and/or hydrolysis reaction before analysis, whereas MWCNTs with a physical adsorption of the functionalizing molecules were directly spotted in the target sample. Noteworthy, in our approach f‐MWCNTs constitute at the same time analyte and MALDI matrix.RESULTSThe identification of functionalizing AO molecules is ascertained after degradation or hydrolysis reactions in both MWCNT‐COOH and MWCNT‐OH grafted samples. Absorbed AO molecules, as well as organic impurities derived from grafting reactions, are also revealed by MALDI MS without any preliminary cleavage reaction.CONCLUSIONSA simple MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry method permits to obtain the unambiguous discrimination between grafted or adsorbed functionalized molecules onto the surface of MWCNTs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic redundancy check‐based detection algorithms for automatic identification system signals received by satellite
Authors: Prévost Raoul , Coulon Martial , Bonacci David , LeMaitre Julia , Millerioux Jean‐Pierre , Tourneret Jean‐Yves 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the problem of demodulating signals transmitted in the automatic identification system. The main characteristics of such signals consist of two points: (i) they are modulated using a trellis‐coded modulation, more precisely a Gaussian minimum shift keying modulation; and (ii) they are submitted to a bit stuffing procedure, which makes more difficult the detection of the transmitted information bits. This paper presents several demodulation algorithms developed in different contexts: mono‐user and multi‐user transmissions, and known/unknown phase shift. The proposed receiver uses the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) present in the automatic identification system signals for error correction and not for error detection only. By using this CRC, a particular Viterbi algorithm, on the basis of a so‐called extended trellis, is developed. This trellis is defined by extended states composed of a trellis code state and a CRC state. Moreover, specific conditional transitions are defined to take into account the possible presence of stuffing bits. The algorithms proposed in the multi‐user scenario present a small increase of computation complexity with respect to the mono‐user algorithms. Some performance results are presented for several scenarios in the context of the automatic identification system and compared with those of existing techniques developed in similar scenarios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient public key encryption with revocable keyword search
Authors: Yu Yong , Ni Jianbing , Yang Haomiao , Mu Yi , Susilo Willy 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPublic key encryption with keyword search is a novel cryptographic primitive enabling one to search on the encrypted data directly. In the known schemes, once getting a trapdoor, the server can search associated data without any restrictions. However, in reality, it is sometimes essential to prevent the server from searching the data all the time because the server is not fully trusted. In this paper, we propose the notion of public key encryption with revocable keyword search to address the issue. We also develop a concrete construction by dividing the whole life of the system into distinct times to achieve our goals. The proposed scheme achieves the properties of the indistinguishability of ciphertexts against an adaptive chosen keywords attack security under the co‐decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption in our security model. Compared with two somewhat schemes, ours offers much better performance in terms of computational cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure and efficient data collection in wireless image sensor network based on ellipse batch dispersive routing
Authors: Su Sheng , Yu Haijie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWireless image sensor network generates a large number of images from the distributed camera sensors. The image data need to be delivered securely and efficiently to the sink in many circumstances. The current node‐disjoint multipath and dispersive routings cannot provide enough security and efficiency for the image data collection and transportation. In this paper, we propose an ellipse batch dispersive routing (EBDR) algorithm to address the secure and efficient data collection issue in wireless image sensor network. Images are broken into many shares using (K, N) threshold secret sharing. A multi‐hop path is built for each share. All hop nodes are constrained in an ellipse. The routing chooses a relay node for each share of an image in each hop selection step. Relay nodes are dispersed in the whole ellipse area. We analyze the interception probability of shares and delivery delay of EBDR compared with multicast tree‐assisted random propagation. Simulation experiments show that EBDR can obtain better security and efficiency for the routing of image data than multicast tree‐assisted random propagation routing protocol. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.