bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Dual Laser Ionization to Trace Analysis of Sodium in A Flame
Authors: Lin King‐Chuen , Duh Yin‐Shing , Sheu Ti‐Ching , Hsu Tzu‐Jeng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDual laser ionization (DLI) is a technique which can be used to detect trace elements in a flame by ionizing the analyte via a dual‐laser stepwise excitation. As a powerful method for flame diagnostics, DLI can detect trace amount of Na at a concentration of ppb (ng/mL), more sensitive by two orders of magnitude than laser‐enhanced ionization (LEI), in which only single laser is used. To demonstrate its potential in trace analysis, we compare the detection limit of DLI for Na with other methods utilizing LEI, atomic emission and laser atomic absorption.
Studies on the Diisocyanate‐Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Authors: Hsieh Kuo‐Huang , Hsu Shan‐Hui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe hydroxyl group in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes had been partially reacted with diisocyanates such as 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or the prepolymers containing different functional groups. The transport properties toward water and salt and the stress‐strain properties of these modified membranes were investigated.The results showed an improvement in salt rejection and a considerable increase in the wet strength of the modified membrane. The water absorption and permeabilities of these modified membranes depended largely upon the functional groups introduced into them.
Synthesis of Amrinone, A Cardiotonic Agent
Authors: Shiao Min‐Jen , Shieh Puh , Lai Jen‐Shiow 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new synthesis of amrinone, 1, from 5‐(4‐pyridinyl) −2(1H)‐pyridone, 5, is reported. Nitration at C‐3 of the pyridone ring of 5 followed by reduction afforded amrinone. Another synthetic route was also carried out by bromination at C‐3 of the pyridone ring of 5 followed by substitution with sodium azide to give the corresponding azide compounds 8 which was reduced to amrinone.
Substitution‐Inert Metal Complex Mobile Phases in Non‐Suppressed Cation Chromatography
Authors: Chang C. Allen , Woodhouse Tamar E. , Wu Qihui , Sheu Ceshing , McManus Katherine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSubstitution‐inert metal complexes, [Co(edda)(H2O)2]+, (Co(edda)(en)]+, [Co(edda)(dmen)]+, [Co(en)2‐(gly)]2+, [Co(en)2(acac)]2+, and [Co(trien)(gly)]2+ in their nitrate salt solutions are used as eluents in nonsuppressed cation chromatography (where edda = ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetic acid, en = ethylenediamine, dmen = N,N′‐dime‐thylethylenediamine, gly = glycine, acac = acetylacetone, and trien = triethylenetetraamine). It is found that all the mono‐ and di‐valent charged complexes can be used to separate alkali and alkaline earth metal cations, respectively. The separations for monovalent cations are sometimes comparable to those using ultrapure HNO3 solutions. However, the divalent Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions cannot be resolved using the metal complex eluents. On the other hand, a selected, direct non‐suppressed IC separation of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions is demonstrated for the first time using a substitution‐inert metal complex eluent and a conductivity detector. Comparisons of these eluents with those reported previously, i. e. HNO3 and ethylenediammonium salt solution are made and explanations are proposed to account for the different selectivities observed where possible. The future development of this technique is also briefly discussed.
Investigating the New Interaction Model between Cu(II) and PVA by the Proton Relaxation Method
Authors: Chen Jyh‐Horung , Hwang Lian‐Pin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn aqueous PVA‐Cu2+ solution at pH = 3 is in the hydrated form and becomes green at pH ⩾ 6 with a decrease in viscosity. The structure of the copper ion is suggested to be that of a polynuclear complex at pH > 6. For the green solution the polynuclear chains of the copper complex are believed to be surrounded by the PVA chains with the hydrophobic backbones facing toward the inside and the hydrophilic OH groups oriented toward the outside facing the bulk water. The proton spin‐lattice relaxation rate 1/T1p and the spin‐spin relaxation rate 1/T2 of CH and CH2 in PVA and H2O for aqueous PVA‐Cu2+ solutions at pH = 3, can be explained by the two site exchange model in the region of the fast exchange limit. The dipolar correlation time τc is dominated by the reorientational process with a dipolar correlation time of 2.11 × 10−11 s. When the pH rises from pH=3 to pH=12.5, the variation of 1/T1p and 1/T2p of CH and CH2 in PVA with Cu2+ ion concentration in aqueous PVA‐Cu2+ solution at pH=12.5 can be explained in terms of the relaxation by an inclusive model of the polynuclear copper complex and PVA. Furthermore, the frequency (or field) dependence of 1/T1p, 1/T2p of CH in PVA for aqueous PVA‐Cu2+ solution at pH = 12.5 suggests that the dipolar relaxation is dominated by the electron‐spin relaxation with the electron spin relaxation time T1e = 1 ˜ 2 × 10−10 s. The invariance of 1/T1p and 1/T2p of H2O with the variation of the Cu2+ ion concentration in aqueous PVA‐Cu2+ solution at pH = 12.5 supports the hypothesis that the water is not directly bound to the Cu2+ ion.
Some Reactions with 3‐(2‐Chloro‐7‐Methylquinolinyl) Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Fathy N.M. , Aly A.S. , Abdel‐Motti F. , Abdel‐Megeid F.M.E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe preparation of some new 3‐quinolinylchalcone derivatives was described. Their reaction with hydrazines, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate gave the corresponding pyrazoline, isoxazoline, cyanopyridine and cyanopyridone derivatives, respectively. The biological activity of some of the products was evaluated.
Dehydrobromination and Debromination Reactions of Cyclic Dibromosulfones
Authors: Chou Ta‐Shue , Chen Mei‐Man 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe dehydrobromination and debromination reactions of some α, β‐dibromosulfones in a five‐membered ring with sodium phenylthiolate, pyridine, and sodium methoxide have been studied. In general, phenylthiolate induces debromination elimination reactions while pyridine and methoxide induce dehydrobromination reactions.
Synthesis of Oxidized Derivatives of 10‐Deuterobenzo[A]Pyrene
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Jun Moo‐Jin , Fu Peter P. , Wang Yu‐Kuei , Lai Jeng‐Shiow 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA series of oxidized derivatives of 10‐deuterobenzol[a]pyrene (10‐D‐BaP) were synthesized. Oxidation of 10‐D‐BaP with sodium dichromate dihydrate yielded the 1,6‐, 3,6‐, and 6,12‐quinones of 10‐D‐Bap. Upon electrophilic aromatic substitution of 10‐D‐BaP with sodium nitrate, N‐bromosuccinimide, and N‐chlorosuccinimide we were afforded 6‐nitro‐10‐D‐BaP, 6‐bromo‐10‐D‐BaP, and 6‐chloro‐10‐D‐BaP, respectively, in high yields. The Vilsmier‐Haack reaction of 10‐D‐BaP provided 6‐formyl‐10‐D‐BaP which upon reduction with sodium borohydride, yielded 6‐hydroxymethyl‐10‐D‐BaP. Reduction with hydrazine in n‐amyl alcohol gave 6‐methyl‐10‐D‐BaP. Reduction of 6‐nitro‐10‐D‐BaP with hydrazine and Pd/C yielded 6‐amino‐10‐D‐BaP. The synthesized compounds, which are known metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene and are useful substrates for metabolism, are important compounds for mechanistic study of the chemical carcinogenesis by benzo[a]pyrene.
Structure of Complex Natural Anthocyanins
Authors: Goto Toshio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe proposed four types of stabilization mechanisms of anthocyanin in aqueous solutions; (1) self‐association, (2) copigmentation, (3) intramolecular sandwich‐type stacking, and (4) metal chelation associated with self‐association and copigmentation. The driving force of these stackings would be mainly hydrophobic interactions between the aromatic nuclei which are surrounded by hydrophilic sugar moieties.
An Improved Preparation of Polymer‐Type η3‐Allylpalladiumchlorides
Authors: Lin See , Boudjouk Philip 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFive polymer‐type new compounds‐(η3‐cyclopentadienyl)palladiumchloride (6), (η3‐indenyl) palladiumchloride (7), (η3‐cycloheptatrienyl)palladiumchloride (8), (η3‐phenalenyl)palladiumchloride (9) and (1,2,3‐η3‐4,5,6,7‐η4‐cyclopheptatrienyl)(palladium‐chloride)(tricarboryl Iron) (10) have been prepared from the reaction of Na2PdCl4 with 1‐trimethylsilylcyclopentadiene (1), 1‐trimethylsilylindene (2), 1‐trimethylsilyl cycloheptatriene (3), 1‐trimethylsilylphenalene (4) and 1‐trimethylsilylcycloheptatriene tricarbonyl Iron (5) respectively. All the complexes(6)‐(10) are obtained in excellent yield using the improved preparation route. Furthermore, a reaction mechanism is proposed.
Deformation Density Study of KMnO4
Authors: Wang Yu , Ueng Chuen‐Her , Lee L.W. , Chuang M.C. , Lepage Y. , Gabe E.J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe electron density distribution of KMnO4 is studied by the X‐ray diffraction method. Potassium permanganate crystalizes in an orthorhombic space group Pbnm with cell parameters a=7.3661(7), b=9.0610(9), c=5.6458(3)Å, Z=4. The molecular symmetry is CS with the Mn atom and two oxygen atoms located on the plane perpendicular to the c‐axis. A set of accurate diffraction data were measured at 115K. Subsequent refinements and Fourier syntheses were performed. The electron density distribution is expressed in terms of the deformation density. The Mn‐O bondings are well characterized, the lone pair electron density at the oxygen atoms is also observed. The density near the Mn nucleus seems to be very sensitive to changes of the scale factor and extinction coefficient. Several types of extinction corrections were made. The features of the Mn‐O bond are comparable to the theoretical density calculated at the ab‐initio level, and to the experimental density of the isoelectronic compound K2CrO4. However, the experimental density of KMnO4 is not so well reproduced in the vicinity of Mn nucleus.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Decarbonylation of Benzoylformyl Palladium(II) Complex
Authors: Chen Jwu‐Ting , Liu Chau‐In 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe benzoylformyl Pd(II) complex, Pd(PPh3)2(Cl)(COCOPh), thermally decomposes to the corresponding benzoyl complex by the loss of CO. The predominant route of decarbonylation is led by a reversible dissociation of a phosphine ligand. The disappearance of the benzoylformyl complex in solutions follows first order kinetics not only in the existence of excess PPh3 but also in the absence of added PPh3. Through the treatments of both preequilibrium and the steady state approximations to the kinetic data, the rate constants of the intramolecular acyl migration, k1 and k2; as well as the equilibrium constant and the individual rate constants of the reversible phosphine dissociation step, K, kd and kd, were determined in CHCl3. The activation parameters for kd, being ΔH‡ = 25.4 Kcal Mol−1, ΔS‡ = 15.9 eu, ΔG‡ = 20.7 Kcal Mol−1;and for k−d, being ΔH‡ = 13.0 Kcal Mol−1, ΔS‡ = −7.9 eu, ΔG‡ = 15.4 Kcal Mol−1, were evaluated.
Kinetic Study of the Reduction of Bromate Ion by Tris(1,10‐Phenanthroline)Iron(II) and Aquoiron(II) Ions — Implication for the Bromate‐Gallic Acid Oscillating Reaction
Authors: Jwo Jing‐Jer , Chang Eng‐Fen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe kinetics of the bromate oxidation of tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)iron(II) (Fe(phen)32+) and aquoiron(II) (Fe2+ (aq)) have been studied in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions at μ = 1.0M and with Fe(II) complexes in great excess. The rate laws for both reactions generally can be described as ‐d [Fe(II)]/6dt = d[Br−]/dt = k[Fe(II)] [BrO−3] for [H+]0 = 0.428–1.00M. For [BrO−3]0 = 1.00 × 10−4M. [Fe2+]0 = (0.724–1.45)x 10−2 M, and [H+]0 = 1.00M, k = 3.34 ± 0.37 M−1s−1 at 25°. For [BrO−3]0 = (1.00–1.50) × 10−4M, [Fe2+]0 = 7.24 × 10−3M ([phen]0 = 0.0353M), and [H+]0 = 1.00M, k = (4.40 ± 0.16) × 10−2 M−1s−1 at 25°. Kinetic results suggest that the BrO−3‐Fe2+ reaction proceeds by an inner‐sphere mechanism while the BrO−3‐Fe(phen)32+ reaction by a dissociative mechanism. The implication of these results for the bromate‐gallic acid and other bromate oscillators is also presented.
Structural and Physical Characterization of 1:1 9,9′‐Bifluorenylidene Complex with 7,7,8,8‐Tetracyanoquinodimethane, BFL‐TCNQ
Authors: Lee Jung‐Si , Chen Ing‐Yung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structure of BFL‐TCNQ has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a=17.915(3), b=12.238(3), c=13.531(3) Å, β = 115.16(1)°, and Z=4. The complex has a mixed‐stacked crystal structure in which BFL molecules exist in a twisted conformation and TCNQ molecules are dimensionally similar to uncomplexed TCNQ. The complex is diamagnetic and is an insulator with a room‐temperature conductivity less than 10−9 s cm−1. The FT‐IR spectrum of the BFL‐TCNQ complex reveals that the degree of charge transfer between the two component molecules is essentially null.
The Hybrid Type Natural Orbitals for Excited States
Authors: Chang Tse‐Chiang , Pao Chien‐Hua , Hsue Chen‐Shiung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnder certain circumstance, natural orbitals of excited states have quite unusual hybrid behavior, which is drastically different from that of the familiar cononical orbitals, and gives ambiguous results for the one‐electron properties. We show that a simple 2×2 density matrix obtained from a multiconfiguration self‐consistent‐field calculation is sufficient to reveal the NO behavior in this situation.
The Synthesis and Reactions of N‐Hydroxy‐3‐Arylsydnone‐4‐Carboxamide Oximes
Authors: Yeh Mou‐Yung , Chan Fat‐Fong , Tien Hsien‐Ju , Fuchigami Toshio , Nonaka Tsutomu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractN‐Hydroxy‐3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carboxamide oximes (7) were prepared from the corresponding 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carbohydroximic acid chlorides (6) and hydroxylamine in high yield. The chemical reactivity of compound (2) is somewhat different from 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carboxamide oximes (2) in that the former compounds reacted with both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of acid catalyst to give 3‐aryl‐4‐(5‐aryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)sydnones (5) and 3‐aryl‐4‐(5‐alkyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)sydnones (3).
Hydrolysis Behaviour of Some Heterocyclic Nitrogen Azomethines
Authors: Adam F. A. , El‐Haty M. T. , Khalafalla A. K. , Gabr A. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKinetics of base hydrolysis of some new heterocyclic azomethines derived from aminotriazol and aromatic aldehydes were investigated in the presence of NaOH in 60% (wt/wt) water‐ethanol medium. The base hydrolysis of these Schiff bases is strictly first‐order with respect to OH− and Schiff. The rate‐determining step is suggested to be the attack of the hydroxide ion on the free base. Effect of the molecular structure of both aldehydes and amines and the nature of organic hydroxylic solvent on the hydrolysis rate was investigated and discussed.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some New Pyridazine Derivatives
Authors: Seada M. , Fawzy M.M. , Jahine H. , Abd El‐Megid M. , Saad R.R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe reactions of 4‐carboxyhydrazide‐5,6‐diphenyl‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone (I) with aromatic aldehydes, phenyl isothiocyanate, β dicarbonyl compounds, ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate and acylating agents have been investigated. Oxadiazolines (III) and thiazolidinones (IV) were synthesized from arylidenehydrazides (II) through appropriate routes. The thiosemicarbazide derivative (V) on reaction with malonic acid and acetyl chloride gave VII, and on treatment with monochloroacetic acid and sodium acetate afforded IX. Some reactions with 3‐amino‐4,5‐diphenylpyrazolo [3,4‐b] pyridazine (XIVa) were also reported.
Advanced Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Toxic Organic Chemicals in Ambient Outdoor, Indoor, and Personal Respiratory Air
Authors: Lewis Robert G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany different kinds of sampling devices and analytical techniques are required to assess the potential adverse effects of toxic air pollutants on human health and the ecosystem. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has an on‐going research and development program designed to provide the necessary tools to monitor air quality both outdoors and indoors and to measure personal respiratory exposures. Particular emphasis in recent years has been placed on real‐time and integrative methods for neutral and polar volatile organic chemicals (e.g., chlorinated hydrocarbons, single‐ring aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, thiols, nitriles) and semi‐volatile organics (e.g., polynuclear aromatics, nitrated aromatics, pesticides, phenols). Samplers capable of obtaining sufficient quantities of chemicals for ultratrace analyses and sometimes bioassay, that are also quiet, unobtrusive and user‐friendly, are being developed and evaluated for indoor, outdoor, and personal monitoring. New analytical techniques such as matrix‐isolation GC/FTIR, and supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography are being adapted to characterize collected samples.
Carbon‐13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of the Glucose Stress of Human Lenses
Authors: Camli Ugur , Murray T. , Aguayo J. , Tarantino P. , Hay A. , Stark W. , Kan Lou‐Sing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe sorbitol theory in diabetic cataractogenesis was based on sorbitol accumulation under glucose stress. Sorbitol accumulation was examined by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for the first time in matched human lenses incubated in 5.5 mM and 35.5 mM C‐1 13C‐enriched glucose up to 28 hours. The results showed that sorbitol and lactate in human tens can be detected at 35.5 mM, but not in 5.5 mM glucose solution. The glycolysis metabolic pathway of human lenses may be quite different from that of animals. The accumulation of metabolites can be traced and quantified by the intensities of 13C NMR peaks. Therefore, 13C NMR spectroscopy can be used as a valuable tool to investigate human lens carbohydrate metabolism non‐interventionally.
Kinetic Study of the Catalyzed Substitution Reaction of Benzal Chloride and Sodium Iodide in Acetone
Authors: Hsu Ming‐Ching , Jwo Jing‐Jer 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe substitution reaction of benzal chloride (PhCHCl2) and sodium iodide in acetone needs a metal‐ion catalyst. Without considering the effects of solubility and the dissociation of salt, salts of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II, III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II)m Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(I, II), and Sb(III) ions are used to study their catalytic reactivities. It is found that the Fe(II) ion exhibits acceptable catalytic effect. The overall Fe(II)‐catalyzed PhCHCl2‐NaI reaction can be described by the following competitive consecutive scheme: PhCHCl2 → PhCHCII → PhCHI2. Under suitable conditions, coupling products such as PhCH=CHPh and PhCHClCHClPh are also found. The rate of the first‐stage substitution of the PhCHCl2‐NaI reaction increases linearly with the PhCHCl2 concentration. It increases asymptotically with the FeCl2 concentration. However, there is an optimum concentration for Nal. The apparent activation energies are 104 ± 4 kJ/mol and 133 ± 4 kJ/mol for the Fe(II)‐catalyzed PhCHCl2‐NaI and PhCHCH‐NaI reactions, respectively.
Studies on the Equilibria of α‐Phthalic and Phosphoric Acids in Mixed Methanol — Water Mixture (50% w/w)
Authors: Azab H. A. , Hassan Ahmed 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe secondary dissociation constants of α‐phthalic and phosphoric acids have been determined in 50% w/w methanol‐water mixture from the e.m.f measurements of the cell of the type: Pt; H2(1 atm), M2A(m), MHA(m), MCl, AgCl; Ag at different temperatures (288.15–308.15 K) and at different ionic strengths.The thermodynamic values ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS° for the respective equilibria are estimated. The possibility of using these acids as basis for some buffer solutions in 50% methanol – water mixture is discussed.
Mobile Phase Selectivity in the Separation of Epimeric and Positionally Isomeric Triterpenoids by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Shiao Ming‐Shi , Lin Lee‐Juian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe chromatographic behavior of 8 lanostanoid triterpenes including 4 pairs of C‐3 epimers and 2 pairs of C‐3/C‐15 positional isomers was studied by reversed phase HPLC. A consistent elution sequence of these paired isomers in all combination of three distinct solvent systems was observed. The mobile phase selectivity to separate specific, paired isomers was mainly dependent on the polarity difference contributed by C‐3/C‐15 hydroxyl and acetoxyl groups. The stereochemistry at C‐3 played more profound role in guiding the hydrophobic interaction with C18 stationary phase in the separation of C‐3/C‐15 positional isomers.
The Preparation of β‐Cycloalkyl‐L‐Aspartate and γ‐Cycloalkyl‐L‐Glutamate by Enzymatic Hydrolyses
Authors: Lo Lee‐Chiang , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Chen Shui‐Tein 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe simple method to prepare the β‐cycloalkyl aspartate and γ‐cycloalkyl glutamate by enzymatic reactions has been developed. Compared with conventional chemical methods, the enzymatic method is more facile.
Spectroscopic Studies of Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes
Authors: Wu Felicia Ying‐Hsiueh 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMetalloproteins/enzymes play important rales in cellular function by virtue of their intrinsic metal ions, Various spectroscopic methods, such as atomic absorption (AA), UV/VIS absorption, NMR, fluorescence energy transfer (FET), circular dichroism (CD) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), were applied to the studies of three Zn proteins involved in gene expression and regulation. The role of the intrinsic Zn ions of E. coli RNA polymerase (RPase), Xenopus oocyte transcription factor 111A (TFIIIA), and E1A protein of adenovirus were investigated. Various paramagnetic‐metal substituted RPases obtained by in vivo and in vitro methods were used to elucidate the spatial relationship between the metal and other active sites of RPase. Two Zn ions of RPase were involved in the substrate and template binding, in maintaining the proper conformation of active RPase, and may be coordinated with histidine and cystidine. Thus, Zn ions of RPase play catalytic, regulatory and structural roles. Two Zn ions of TFIIIA also play multiple roles in the regulation of 5S RNA synthesis; binding TFIIIA to 5S RNA and its gene, essentiality for 5S RNA gene transcription and DNA‐activated ATPase activity of TFIIIA. CD studies of apoTFIIIA, TFIIIA and its storage 7S particle, and 5S RNA indicated (1) Zn ions may not involve in the stabilization of TFIIIA, (2) substantial confomational changes of 5S RNA upon binding to TFIIIA. Two major proteins, 289 and 243 amino acids (aa), of E1A gene contain 1 and O Zn, respectively. The extra 46‐aa internal domain of 289‐aa protein which contains a “Zn finger” motif with 4 cysteine residues as ligands is required for efficient transactivation of early viral promoters.
Syntheses of 2,4′‐and 3,4′‐Bipyridines Via Lithium Halogen Exchange of Bromopyridines and Addition to N‐Ethoxycarbonylpyridinium Chloride in the Presence of Cul
Authors: Shiao Min‐Jen , Tarng Kai‐Yih , Shyu Li‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

Abstract2,4′‐Bipyridines 4a, 4c, 4d and 3,4′‐bipyridines 4b, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h are obtained in modest yield by the addition of organocuprate reagents derived from bromopyridines 2a‐h to N‐ethoxycarbonylpyridinium chloride 1 followed by air oxidation.
The Reaction of 3‐Arylsydnone‐4‐Carbohydroximic Acid Chlorides with Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Shih Mei‐Hsiu , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: June 2015

Abstract3‐Arylsydnone‐4‐carbohydroximic acid chlorides react with compounds containing activated methylene groups in the presence of bases to give 3‐aryl‐4‐(4′,5′‐disubstituted‐iso‐xazol‐3′‐yl)sydnones which have not been reported in the literature. All the products were obtained in good yields, and their structures were confirmed by spectral analysis and elemental analysis.