bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of escape red blood cell transfusion in expectantly managed women with acute anaemia after postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: Prick BW , Schuit E , Mignini L , Jansen AJG , van Rhenen DJ , Steegers EAP , Mol BW , Duvekot JJ ,   the EBM Connect Collaboration
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo determine clinical predictors of escape red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in postpartum anaemic women, initially managed expectantly, and the additional predictive value of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) measures.DesignSecondary analysis of women after postpartum haemorrhage, either randomly allocated to, or opting for expectant management.SettingThirty‐seven hospitals in the Netherlands.PopulationA total of 261 randomised and 362 nonrandomised women.MethodsWe developed prediction models to assess the need for RBC transfusion: one using clinical variables (model 1), and one extended with scores on the HRQoL‐measures Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and EuroQol‐5D (model 2). Model performance was assessed by discrimination and calibration. Models were internally validated with bootstrapping techniques to correct for overfitting.Main outcome measuresEscape RBC transfusion.ResultsSeventy‐five women (12%) received escape RBC transfusion. Independent predictors of escape RBC transfusion (model 1) were primiparity, multiple pregnancy, total blood loss during delivery and haemoglobin concentration postpartum. Maternal age, body mass index, ethnicity, education, medical indication of pregnancy, mode of delivery, preterm delivery, placental removal, perineal laceration, Apgar score and breastfeeding intention had no predictive value. Addition of HRQoL‐scores (model 2), significantly improved the model's discriminative ability: c‐statistics of model 1 and 2 were 0.65 (95% CI 0.58–0.72) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.65–0.79), respectively. The calibration of both models was good.ConclusionsIn postpartum anaemic women, several clinical variables predict the need for escape RBC transfusion. Adding HRQoL‐scores improves model performance. After external validation, the extended model may be an important tool for counselling and decision making in clinical practice.
The Effects of Antipsychotic Quality Reporting on Antipsychotic and Psychoactive Medication Use
Authors: Bowblis John R. , Lucas Judith A. , Brunt Christopher S. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine how nursing homes changed their use of antipsychotic and other psychoactive medications in response to Nursing Home Compare's initiation of publicly reporting antipsychotic use in July 2012.Research Design and SubjectsThe study includes all state recertification surveys (n = 40,415) for facilities six quarters prior and post the initiation of public reporting. Using a difference‐in‐difference framework, the change in use of antipsychotics and other psychoactive medications is compared for facilities subject to public reporting and facilities not subject to reporting.Principal FindingsThe percentage of residents using antipsychotics, hypnotics, or any psychoactive medication is found to decline after public reporting. Facilities subject to reporting experienced an additional decline in antipsychotic use (−1.94 vs. −1.40 percentage points) but did not decline as much for hypnotics (−0.60 vs. −1.21 percentage points). Any psychoactive use did not vary with reporting status, and the use of antidepressants and anxiolytics did not change.ConclusionPublic reporting of an antipsychotic quality measure can be an effective policy tool for reducing the use of antipsychotic medications—though the effect many only exist in the short run.
Questionnaire Design: Carry‐Over Effects of Overall Acceptance Question Placement and Pre‐evaluation Instructions on Overall Acceptance Scores in Central Location Tests
Authors: Bastian Mauresa , Eggett Dennis L. , Jefferies Laura K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractQuestion placement and usage of pre‐evaluation instructions (PEI) in questionnaires for food sensory analysis may bias consumers’ scores via carry‐over effects. Data from consumer sensory panels previously conducted at a central location, spanning 11 years and covering a broad range of food product categories, were compiled. Overall acceptance (OA) question placement was studied with categories designated as first (the first evaluation question following demographic questions), after nongustation questions (immediately following questions that do not require panelists to taste the product), and later (following all other hedonic and just‐about‐right [JAR] questions, but occasionally before ranking, open‐ended comments, and/or intent to purchase questions). Each panel was categorized as having or not having PEI in the questionnaire; PEI are instructions that appear immediately before the first evaluation question and show panelists all attributes they will evaluate before receiving test samples. Postpanel surveys were administered regarding the self‐reported effect of PEI on panelists’ evaluation experience. OA scores were analyzed and compared (1) between OA question placement categories and (2) between panels with and without PEI. For most product categories, OA scores tended to be lower when asked later in the questionnaire, suggesting evidence of a carry‐over effect. Usage of PEI increased OA scores by 0.10 of a 9‐point hedonic scale point, which is not practically significant. Postpanel survey data showed that presence of PEI typically improved the panelists’ experience. Using PEI does not appear to introduce a meaningful carry‐over effect.
CT perfusion imaging in response assessment of pulmonary metastases undergoing stereotactic ablative radiotherapy
Authors: Sawyer Brooke , Pun Emma , Samuel Michael , Tay Huilee , Kron Tomas , Bressel Mathias , Ball David , Siva Shankar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionStereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging treatment technique for pulmonary metastases in which conventional Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) may be inadequate. This study aims to assess the utility of CT perfusion imaging in response assessment of pulmonary metastases after SABR.MethodsIn this ethics board‐approved prospective study, 11 patients underwent a 26‐Gy single fraction of SABR to pulmonary metastases. CT perfusion imaging occurred prior to and at 14 and 70 days post‐SABR. Blood flow (mL/100 mL/min), blood volume (mL/100 mL), time to peak (seconds) and surface permeability (mL/100 mL/min), perfusion parameters of pulmonary metastases undergoing SABR, were independently assessed by two radiologists. Inter‐observer variability was analysed. CT perfusion results were analysed for early response assessment comparing day 14 with baseline scans and for late response by comparing day 70 with baseline scans. The largest diameter of the pulmonary metastases undergoing SABR was recorded.ResultsTen patients completed all three scans and one patient had baseline and early response assessment CT perfusion scans only. There was strong level of inter‐observer agreement of CT perfusion interpretation with a median intraclass coefficient of 0.87 (range 0.20–0.98). Changes in all four perfusion parameters and tumour sizes were not statistically significant.ConclusionCT perfusion imaging of pulmonary metastases is a highly reproducible imaging technique that may provide additional response assessment information above that of conventional RECIST, and it warrants further study in a larger cohort of patients undergoing SABR.
Effective local anaesthetic volumes for sciatic nerve blockade: a clinical evaluation of the ED99
Authors: Keplinger M. , Marhofer P. , Marhofer D. , Schroegendorfer K. , Haslik W. , Zeitlinger M. , Mayer C. V. , Kettner S. C. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPrevious results in volunteers have indicated the effective dose in 99% of subjects (ED99) of local anaesthetic volume to be 0.10 ml.mm−2 of cross‐sectional nerve area for sciatic nerve blockade. The objective of this prospective, randomised, double‐blind study was to investigate the ED99 of local anaesthetic for ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve blockade in patients undergoing foot surgery, according to Dixon's up‐and‐down method and probit analysis. A starting volume of 0.20 ml local anaesthetic per mm2 cross‐sectional nerve area was used. If surgical anaesthesia was judged to be adequate, the volume of local anaesthetic for the next case was reduced by 0.02 ml.mm−2, until the first block failed. Thereafter, the volume of local anaesthetic was increased by 0.02 ml.mm−2. The ED99 volume of local anaesthetic for ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve blockade was calculated to be 0.15 ml.mm−2 cross‐sectional nerve area, which is higher than the previously evaluated ED99 volume in volunteers.
Effect of hyaluronic acid on tear film thickness as assessed with ultra‐high resolution optical coherence tomography
Authors: Kaya Semira , Schmidl Doreen , Schmetterer Leopold , Witkowska Katarzyna J. , Unterhuber Angelika , Aranha dos Santos Valentin , Baar Carina , Garhöfer Gerhard , Werkmeister René M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single drop of hyaluronic acid on tear film thickness (TFT) in healthy subjects.MethodsSixteen healthy subjects (eight male/eight female) aged between 20 and 36 years were included in this randomized, double‐masked placebo‐controlled study. One eye received a single dose of hyaluronic acid (Olixia pure®; Croma Pharma, Korneuburg, Austria) eye drops, and the fellow eye received physiologic saline solution as placebo control. The study eye was chosen randomly. TFT as measured with a custom‐built Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT) system was the main outcome variable and measured before and every 10 min until 1 hr after topical administration.ResultsBaseline TFT was 4.8 ± 0.5 μm in the study eye and 5.0 ± 0.4 μm in the control eyes. Hyaluronic acid significantly increased TFT (p = 0.008 versus placebo) with a maximum effect 10 min after instillation (13.9 ± 11.9%). Post hoc analysis revealed that an increase in TFT was seen until 30 min after administration compared to placebo. Data in the placebo group show high reproducibility with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93 and a coefficient of variation of 5.4 ± 3.3%.ConclusionThe data of this study indicate that hyaluronic acid increases TFT for as long as 30 min in healthy subjects. In addition, our data provide evidence that our custom‐built OCT system is capable of measuring residence time of lubricants on the ocular surface.
Sirt1 protects pig oocyte against in vitro aging
Authors: Ma Rujun , Zhang Yu , Zhang Liang , Han Jun , Rui Rong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSirtuins have been widely reported to be involved in multiple biological processes. However, their function during pig oocyte aging has not been reported yet. Here, we first identify that sirt1 expression is dramatically reduced in pig in vitro‐aged oocytes. Furthermore, by confocal scanning and quantitative analysis, we find the increased frequency of spindle defects and chromosome misalignment, disturbed redistribution of cortical granules and mitochondria during oocyte in vitro‐aging. Importantly, these aging‐associated defective phenotypes can be ameliorated through resveratrol (sirt1 activator) treatment during pig oocyte maturation, providing the evidence for the hypothesis that decreased sirt1 is one of a number of factors contributing to oocyte in vitro‐aging. In summary, our data indicate a role for sirt1 in pig oocytes and uncover a striking beneficial effect of sirt1 expression on aged oocytes.
Effects of grass hay proportion in a corn silage‐based diet on rumen digesta kinetics and digestibility in dairy cows
Authors: Win Kyaw San , Ueda Koichiro , Kondo Seiji 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of six levels of orchardgrass hay (GH) proportion (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of dry matter) in finely chopped corn silage (CS)‐based diets on digesta kinetics of CS and GH in the rumen. Six non‐lactating, rumen‐cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Ruminal digesta kinetics was measured by ruminal dosing of feed particle markers (dysprosium for CS, erbium for GH) followed by fecal sampling. The increase of GH proportion had a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber. The proportion of GH did not affect the particle size distribution of rumen digesta, total weight of dry matter or NDF in the rumen. The rates of large particle size reduction in the rumen for CS tended to increase linearly with increasing GH proportion (P = 0.077). A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was found with increasing the GH proportion for the ruminal passage rate of small GH particles, but not for CS particles. The results suggested that associative effects between CS and GH could be generated on rumen digesta kinetics when cows were fed a CS‐based diet with an increased proportion of GH.
Guideline of guidelines: a review of urological trauma guidelines
Authors: Bryk Darren J. , Zhao Lee C. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo review the guidelines released in the last decade by several organisations for the optimal evaluation and management of genitourinary injuries (renal, ureteric, bladder, urethral and genital).MethodsThis is a review of the genitourinary trauma guidelines from the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the American Urological Association (AUA), and renal trauma guidelines from the Société Internationale d'Urologie (SIU).ResultsMost recommendations are guided by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) organ injury severity system. Grade A evidence is rare in genitourinary trauma, and most recommendations are based on Grade B or C evidence. The findings of the most recent urological trauma guidelines are summarised. All guidelines recommend conservative management for low‐grade injuries. The major difference is for haemodynamically stable patients who have high‐grade renal trauma; the SIU guidelines recommend exploratory laparotomy, the EAU guidelines recommend renal exploration only if the injury is vascular, and the AUA guidelines recommend initial conservative management.ConclusionThere is generally consensus among the three guidelines. Recommendations are based on observational or retrospective studies, as well as clinical principles and expert opinions. Multi‐institutional collaborative research can improve the quality of evidence and direct more effective evaluation and management of urological trauma.
The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the invasion of the tunica albuginea and the urethra during the primary staging of penile cancer
Authors: Hanchanale Vishwanath , Yeo Lehana , Subedi Nawraj , Smith Jonathan , Wah Tze , Harnden Patricia , Bhattarai Selina , Chilka Sameer , Eardley Ian 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting invasion of the tunica albuginea (TA) and the urethra during the primary staging of penile cancer.Patients and MethodsIn all, 104 consecutive patients with clinical T1–T3 penile cancer had a penile MRI as a part of local staging protocol. An artificial erection was induced before MRI by injecting alprostadil (prostaglandin E1). Four men with poor quality MRI images were excluded from the study. The preoperative MRI was compared with final histology to assess its accuracy in predicting the invasion of the TA and urethra.ResultsData of 100 patients who underwent penile MRI before definitive surgery for invasive penile carcinoma were available for analysis. The mean age was 65 years and number of patients with pathological stage T1, T2 and T3 was 32, 52, and 16, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in predicting the invasion of TA and urethra was 82.1% and 73.6%, and 62.5% and 82.1%, respectively. There were no MRI‐related complications.ConclusionsThis study shows that penile MRI is an accurate method for assessing TA invasion but is less sensitive in assessing urethral invasion. These results support the use of MRI in the local staging of penile cancer.
External urethral sphincter electromyography in asymptomatic women and the influence of the menstrual cycle
Authors: Tawadros Cecile , Burnett Katherine , Derbyshire Laura F. , Tawadros Thomas , Clarke Noel W. , Betts Christopher D. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate by electromyography (EMG), the presence of complex repetitive discharges (CRDs) and decelerating bursts (DBs) in the striated external urethral sphincter during the menstrual cycle in female volunteers with no urinary symptoms and complete bladder emptying.Subjects and MethodsHealthy female volunteers aged 20–40 years, with regular menstrual cycles and no urinary symptoms were recruited. Volunteers completed a menstruation chart, urinary symptom questionnaires, pregnancy test, urine dipstick, urinary free flow and post‐void ultrasound bladder scan. Exclusion criteria included current pregnancy, use of hormonal medication or contraception, body mass index of >35 kg/m2, incomplete voiding and a history of pelvic surgery. Eligible participants underwent an external urethral sphincter EMG, using a needle electrode in the early follicular phase and the mid‐luteal phase of their menstrual cycles. Serum oestradiol and progesterone were measured at each EMG test.ResultsIn all, 119 women enquired about the research and following screening, 18 were eligible to enter the study phase. Complete results were obtained in 15 women. In all, 30 EMG tests were undertaken in the 15 asymptomatic women. Sphincter EMG was positive for CRDs and DBs at one or both phases of the menstrual cycle in eight (53%) of the women. Three had CRDs and DBs in both early follicular and mid‐luteal phases. Five had normal EMG activity in the early follicular phase and CRDs and DBs in the mid‐luteal phase. No woman had abnormal EMG activity in the early follicular phase and normal activity in the luteal phase. There was no relationship between EMG activity and age, parity or serum levels of oestradiol and progesterone.ConclusionsCRDs and DB activity in the external striated urethral sphincter is present in a high proportion of asymptomatic young women. This abnormal EMG activity has been shown for the first time to change during the menstrual cycle in individual women. CRDs and DBs are more commonly found in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The importance of CRDs and DBs in the aetiology of urinary retention in young women remains uncertain. The distribution and or quantity of abnormal EMG activity in the external urethral sphincter may be important. In a woman with urinary retention the finding of CRDs and DBs by needle EMG does not automatically establish Fowler's syndrome as the explanation for the bladder dysfunction. Urethral pressure profilometry may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Opiate use and psychological stress should be considered in young women with urinary retention.
Early coupled up-regulation of interleukin-12 receptor beta-1 in CD8+ central memory and effector T cells for better clinical outcomes in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Uemoto S , Ozawa K , Kaido T , Mori A , Fujimoto Y , Ogawa K 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the role of initial priming of interleukin (IL)-12 receptor beta-1 in CD8+central memory T cells (initial IL-12RTCM priming) and CCR7-negative subsets (CNS) in effector cell expansion and clinical outcome after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). One hundred and six patients who underwent LDLT were classified into the following three groups according to hierarchical clustering of CD8+CD45 isoforms before LDLT: I, naive-dominant; II, effector memory-dominant; and III, effector-dominant. The pre-existing CD8+effector cells (TE) and activated immune status increased progressively from group I to group II to group III. Groups I, II and III received tacrolimus (Tac)/glucocorticoid (GC) regimens. Eighteen group III recipients received Tac/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and were defined as group IV. Initial IL-12RTCM priming was slightly, moderately and markedly decreased in droups I, II, and III, respectively. Initial priming of IL-12Rβ1 in CNS was decreased markedly in the three groups with marked decreases of TE, perforin and interferon (IFN)-γ; all parameters were restored by up-regulation of IL-12Rβ1+TCM through the self-renewal of TCM. The lag time required until coupled up-regulation of IL-12Rβ1 of TCM and CNS to above baseline was 12, 20 and 32 days in groups I, II and III, respectively. Inferior clinical outcomes were associated with increasing lag time. In contrast, the initial priming of IL-12Rβ1 in TCM and CNS remained above baseline in group IV due to MMF-mediated increase of IL-12Rβ1. Early coupled up-regulation of TCM and CNS leads to efficient TE differentiation and optimal clinical outcomes.
Contact allergy trends in Sweden – a retrospective comparison of patch test data from 1992, 2000, and 2009
Authors: Fall Sofia , Bruze Magnus , Isaksson Marléne , Lidén Carola , Matura Mihaly , Stenberg Berndt , Lindberg Magnus 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundContact allergy prevalence rates change over time as a result of variations in allergen exposure. Data from patch test clinics are often used as markers for allergy trends.ObjectivesThe aim of the present retrospective study was to describe trends in rates of sensitization to allergens in the Swedish baseline series.Patients/materials/methodsPrevalence rates are described by comparing consecutive patch test data from 1992, 2000 and 2009 in Swedish patch test clinics. In total, 3680 patients were included in 1992, 3825 in 2000, and 3112 in 2009.ResultsAmong test substances with a sensitization rate above 2% in 2009, significant decreases were noted for nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, colophonium, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI), and a significant increase for p‐phenylenediamine, as compared with 1992. Potassium dichromate reactions had increased among younger women, whereas reactions to nickel and cobalt had decreased in this group. Sensitization to chromium, cobalt and fragrance mix I had decreased among older men, and sensitization to nickel had decreased among younger men.ConclusionsIt is probable that these changes in 1992–2009 reflect both changes in regulations for nickel, lower levels of chromium in cement and of MCI/MI in cosmetics, and increasing use of hair dyes.
Well‐Hidden Regularities: Abstract Uses ofinandonRetain an Aspect of Their Spatial Meaning
Authors: Jamrozik Anja , Gentner Dedre 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrepositions name spatial relationships (e.g., bookona table). But they are also used to convey abstract, non‐spatial relationships (e.g., Adrian isona roll)—raising the question of how the abstract uses relate to the concrete spatial uses. Despite considerable success in delineating these relationships, no general account exists for the two most frequently extended prepositions:inandon. We test the proposal that what is preserved in abstract uses of these prepositions is the relative degree ofcontrolbetween the located object (the figure) and the reference object (the ground). Across four experiments, we find a continuum of greater figure control foron(e.g., Jordan isona roll) and greater ground control forin(e.g., Casey isina depression). These findings bear on accounts of semantic structure and language change, as well as on second language instruction.