bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MBL2 gene variation affecting serum MBL is associated with prosthetic joint infection in Czech patients after total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Navratilova Z. , Gallo J. , Mrazek F. , Lostak J. , Petrek M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractProsthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of the total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Serum mannose‐binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognition receptor, is involved in antibacterial immune response. This study investigated whether functional variants of the MBL2 gene may be associated with the risk of PJI. MBL2 −550 (H/L, rs11003125), MBL2 −221 (Y/X, rs7096206) and MBL2 +54 (G/A, rs1800450) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped in 112 PJI patients and two control groups: 245 patients with aseptic TJA and 196 Czech population controls without TJA. Serum MBL concentration was assessed in PJI patients (n = 92) and aseptic TJA controls (n = 56). The distribution of MBL2 genotypes complied with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in all investigated groups. Importantly, MBL2 −550 L allele (allelic frequency, 0.72) and LL genotype (genotype frequency, 0.51) were more frequent among PJI patients compared to aseptic TJA controls (L allele: 0.63, P = 0.016, Pc = 0.048; LL genotype: 0.39, P = 0.037, Pc > 0.05) and to Czech population controls (L allele: 0.61, P = 0.010, Pc = 0.030; LL genotype: 0.35, P = 0.006, Pc = 0.018), respectively. Regarding MBL protein, the MBL2 −550 L carriers presented with lower serum MBL concentrations than non‐carriers (median; 593 vs 1876 ng/ml; P < 0.01). Similarly, the carriage of MBL2 −221 X and 54 A alleles was associated with lower serum MBL concentrations (P < 0.01). In conclusion, MBL2 −550 genetic variant(s) associated with low serum concentration of MBL protein can increase the risk of PJI.
Evaluation of the New Elecsys Toxo IgG Avidity Assay for Toxoplasmosis and New Insights into the Interpretation of Avidity Results
Authors: Murat Jean-Benjamin , L'Ollivier Coralie , Fricker Hidalgo Hélène , Franck Jacqueline , Pelloux Hervé , Piarroux Renaud 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTDetection and treatment of acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can avoid severe disease of the fetus. In this context, assessment of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG avidity has been shown to exclude recent infection. The Elecsys Toxo IgG and IgM assays (Roche Diagnostics) have been validated for screening pregnant women and a new assay, Elecsys Toxo IgG Avidity, was recently developed. Our aims were to investigate the performance characteristics of this new avidity assay and explore whether additional information can be provided by avidity assays. The Elecsys assay was compared with the Vidas (bioMérieux) and Architect (Abbott) Avidity assays using two sets of serum samples (n= 291 andn= 255). The rate of general agreement between the Elecsys and Vidas assays was 74%, and that between the Elecsys and Architect assays was 83%. For 11% of the serum samples, avidity was high with the Vidas assay and within the gray zone with the Elecsys assay. None of the assays detected high-avidity antibodies in serum taken <4 months after infection. Avidity values of >90% were exclusively reported in sera taken >9 months after infection by the Elecsys and Architect assays. Almost all avidities of <19% with the Elecsys assay and <17% with the Architect assay corresponded to sera taken <3 and <2 months after infection, respectively. The Elecsys IgG Avidity assay can be used to exclude recent infection. New ways of interpreting the avidity result are also suggested: very high or low values could exclude infections within the last 9 months or help to confirm a recent infection, respectively. However, these potential interpretations require further investigation.
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies to West Nile Virus and Their Application in Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Hirota Jiro , Shimizu Shinya , Shibahara Tomoyuki , Isobe Takashi , Yamada Manabu , Tanimura Nobuhiko 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWest Nile virus (WNV) is endemic throughout Africa, Eurasia, America, and Australia and has important implications for avian, horse, and human health. In these regions, dead birds are monitored for the presence of WNV through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR. However, a number of the tools for IHC are inadequate owing to their cross-reactivity to other Japanese encephalitis serogroup viruses. Here we have established eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to WNV. Four of them bound to the envelope protein, three of them bound to nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), and one bound to precursor membrane protein (prM), as shown by Western blot analysis. The anti-NS1 MAbs and the anti-prM MAb did not cross-react with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Murray valley encephalitis virus, or St. Louis encephalitis virus in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One NS1-specific MAb, SHW-32B1, and the previously reported NS1-specific MAb, SHW-7A11, were shown by IHC to specifically detect the cytoplasm of degenerated cells in the heart and brain of a WNV-infected goose. Neither of these MAbs were shown by IHC to cross-react with degenerated cells in the brain of a JEV-infected pig. These MAbs are the first reported anti-NS1 MAbs that can be used for WNV-specific IHC using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. They may be useful for WNV research and surveillance.
Genotypic Resistance Testing Creates New Treatment Challenges: Two Cases of Oxacillin-Susceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sharff Katie A. , Monecke Stefan , Slaughter Sarah , Forrest Graeme , Pfeiffer Chris , Ehricht Ralf , Oethinger Margret 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Oxacillin-susceptible,
mecA
-positive
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates create a treatment challenge for the clinician. In this article, we describe two cases of bacteremia from isolates that carried the
mecA
gene but were susceptible to oxacillin (oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
[OS-MRSA]). DNA microarray analysis was used to characterize these isolates as a
mecA
-positive, clonal complex 5, pediatric strain and a
mecA
-positive, clonal complex 8, USA300 strain.
Gardnerella vaginalis as a Rare Cause of Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Hoarau Gautier , Bernard Sylvain , Pavese Patricia , Saragaglia Dominique , Croize Jacques , Maurin Max 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

We describe a septic loosening of a hip prosthesis in a 71-year-old woman caused by
Gardnerella vaginalis
. Infection was confirmed by culture and molecular identification of this bacterium. The patient was treated by a one-step exchange of prosthesis and antibiotic therapy combining trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampin, with favorable evolution.
Laboratory Detection of Enterobacteriaceae That Produce Carbapenemases
Authors: Doyle Diana , Peirano Gisele , Lascols Christine , Lloyd Tracie , Church Deirdre L. , Pitout Johann D. D. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

A study was designed to evaluate the modified Hodge test (MHT), Mastdiscs ID inhibitor combination disks (MDI), Rosco Diagnostica Neo-Sensitabs (RDS), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) Etest, and in-house multiplex PCR for the detection of well-characterized carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
. One hundred forty-two nonrepeat clinical isolates of carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(including
Klebsiella
spp.,
Escherichia coli
,
Citrobacter freundii
, and
Enterobacter
spp.) obtained from the SMART worldwide surveillance program during 2008 to 2009 were included. These included 49 KPC-, 27 NDM-, 19 VIM-, 14 OXA-48-like enzyme-, and 5 IMP-producing isolates and 28 carbapenem-resistant, carbapenemase-negative isolates. The manufacturer's instructions were followed for MDI, RDS, and MBL Etest and CLSI guidelines for MHT. A multiplex PCR was designed to detect KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 93% for MDI, 80% and 93% for RDS, 58% and 93% for MHT, and 55% and 100% for MBL Etest, respectively. The PCR had 100% sensitivity and specificity. MDI and RDS performed well for the detection of KPCs and NDMs but poorly for VIMs, IMPs, and OXA-48-like enzymes. MHT performed well for KPCs and OXA-48-like enzymes but poorly for NDMs, VIMs, and IMPs. MDI and RDS were easy to perform and interpret but lacked sensitivity for OXA-48-like enzymes, VIMs, and IMPs. MHT and MBL Etest were often difficult to interpret. We recommend using molecular tests for the optimal detection of carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
.
Toxin Detection in Patients' Sera by Mass Spectrometry during Two Outbreaks of Type A Botulism in France
Authors: Mazuet Christelle , Ezan Eric , Volland Hervé , Popoff Michel Robert , Becher François 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

In two outbreaks of food-borne botulism in France,
Clostridium botulinum
type A was isolated and characterized from incriminated foods. Botulinum neurotoxin type A was detected in the patients' sera by mouse bioassay and
in vitro
endopeptidase assay with an immunocapture step and identification of the cleavage products by mass spectrometry.
Characterization of Conserved Region 2-Deficient Mutants of the Cytomegalovirus Egress Protein pM53
Authors: Pogoda Madlen , Bosse Jens B. , Wagner Felicia M. , Schauflinger Martin , Walther Paul , Koszinowski Ulrich H. , Ruzsics Zsolt 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Dominant-negative (DN) mutants are powerful tools for studying essential protein-protein interactions. A systematic genetic screen of the essential murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) protein pM53 identified the accumulation of inhibitory mutations within conserved region 2 (CR2) and CR4. The strong inhibitory potential of these CR4 mutants is characterized by a particular phenotype. The DN effect of the small insertion mutations in CR2 was too weak to analyze (M. Popa, Z. Ruzsics, M. Lötzerich, L. Dölken, C. Buser, P. Walther, and U. H. Koszinowski, J. Virol. 84:9035–9046, 2010); therefore, the present study describes the construction of M53 alleles lacking CR2 (either completely or partially) and subsequent examination of the DN effect on MCMV replication upon conditional expression. Overexpression of CR2-deficient pM53 inhibited virus production by about 10,000-fold. This was due to interference with capsid export from the nucleus and viral genome cleavage/packaging. In addition, the fate of the nuclear envelopment complex in the presence of DN pM53 overexpression was analyzed. The CR2 mutants were able to bind to pM50, albeit to a lesser extent than the wild-type protein, and relocalized the wild-type nuclear envelope complex in infected cells. Unlike the CR4 DN, the CR2 DN mutants did not affect the stability of pM50.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF57 Is Not a Bona Fide Export Factor
Authors: Pilkington Guy R. , Majerciak Vladimir , Bear Jenifer , Uranishi Hiroaki , Zheng Zhi-Ming , Felber Barbara K. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV [human herpesvirus 8; HHV-8]) open reading frame 57 (ORF57) is a viral early protein participating in posttranscriptional regulatory events, such as splicing, RNA stabilization, and protein expression. Recent data suggest that ORF57 recruits the transcription and export (TREX) complex to viral RNA and exports these transcripts to the cytoplasm. In this study, we show that although ORF57 promotes expression of a selection of KSHV viral intronless RNAs, it is not a
bona fide
export factor.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induces Autophagosomes during Cell Entry via a Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Independent Pathway
Authors: Berryman Stephen , Brooks Elizabeth , Burman Alison , Hawes Philippa , Roberts Rebecca , Netherton Christopher , Monaghan Paul , Whelband Matthew , Cottam Eleanor , Elazar Zvulun , Jackson Terry , Wileman Thomas 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Autophagy is an intracellular pathway that can contribute to innate antiviral immunity by delivering viruses to lysosomes for degradation or can be beneficial for viruses by providing specialized membranes for virus replication. Here, we show that the picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) induces the formation of autophagosomes. Induction was dependent on Atg5, involved processing of LC3 to LC3II, and led to a redistribution of LC3 from the cytosol to punctate vesicles indicative of authentic autophagosomes. Furthermore, FMDV yields were reduced in cells lacking Atg5, suggesting that autophagy may facilitate FMDV infection. However, induction of autophagosomes by FMDV appeared to differ from starvation, as the generation of LC3 punctae was not inhibited by wortmannin, implying that FMDV-induced autophagosome formation does not require the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activity of vps34. Unlike other picornaviruses, for which there is strong evidence that autophagosome formation is linked to expression of viral nonstructural proteins, FMDV induced autophagosomes very early during infection. Furthermore, autophagosomes could be triggered by either UV-inactivated virus or empty FMDV capsids, suggesting that autophagosome formation was activated during cell entry. Unlike other picornaviruses, FMDV-induced autophagosomes did not colocalize with the viral 3A or 3D protein. In contrast, ∼50% of the autophagosomes induced by FMDV colocalized with VP1. LC3 and VP1 also colocalized with the cellular adaptor protein p62, which normally targets ubiquitinated proteins to autophagosomes. These results suggest that FMDV induces autophagosomes during cell entry to facilitate infection, but not to provide membranes for replication.
Variations in Hypovirus Interactions with the Fungal-Host RNA-Silencing Antiviral-Defense Response
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Shi Diane , Nuss Donald L. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Hypoviruses
Cryphonectria hypovirus 1
(CHV-1)/EP713, CHV-1/Euro7, and CHV-1/EP721, which infect the chestnut blight fungus
Cryphonectria parasitica
, differ in their degrees of virulence attenuation (hypovirulence), symptom expression, and viral RNA accumulation, even though they share between 90% and 99% amino acid sequence identity. In this report we examine whether this variability is influenced by interactions with the
C. parasitica
Dicer gene
dcl2
-dependent RNA-silencing antiviral defense response. The mild symptoms exhibited by strains infected with CHV-1/Euro7 and CHV-1/EP721 relative to those with severe hypovirus CHV-1/EP713 did not correlate with a higher induction of the RNA-silencing pathway. Rather,
dcl2
transcripts accumulated to a higher level (∼8-fold) following infection by CHV-1/EP713 than following infection by CHV-1/Euro7 (1.2-fold) or CHV-1/EP721 (1.4-fold). The differences in
dcl2
transcript accumulation in response to CHV-1/EP713 and CHV-1/EP721 were unrelated to the suppressor of RNA silencing, p29, encoded by the two viruses. Moreover, the coding strand viral RNA levels increased by 33-, 32-, and 16-fold for CHV-1/EP713, CHV-1/Euro7, and CHV-1/EP721, respectively, in Δ
dcl2
mutant strains. This indicates that a very robust antiviral RNA-silencing response was induced against all three viruses, even though significant differences in the levels of
dcl2
transcript accumulation were observed. Unexpectedly, the severe debilitation previously reported for CHV-1/EP713-infected Δ
dcl2
mutant strains, and observed here for the CHV-1/Euro7-infected Δ
dcl2
mutant strains, was not observed with infection by CHV-1/EP721. By constructing chimeric viruses containing portions of CHV-1/EP713 and CHV-1/EP721, it was possible to map the region that is associated with the severe debilitation of the Δ
dcl2
mutant hosts to a 4.1-kb coding domain located in the central part of the CHV-1/EP713 genome.
A 205-Nucleotide Deletion in the 3′ Untranslated Region of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J, Currently Emergent in China, Contributes to Its Pathogenicity
Authors: Wang Qi , Gao Yulong , Wang Yongqiang , Qin Liting , Qi Xiaole , Qu Yue , Gao Honglei , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

In the past 5 years, an atypical clinical outbreak of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), which contains a unique 205-nucleotide deletion in its 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), has become epidemic in chickens in China. To determine the role of the 205-nucleotide deletion in the pathogenicity of ALV-J, a pair of viruses were constructed and rescued. The first virus was an ALV-J Chinese isolate (designated HLJ09SH01) containing the 205-nucleotide deletion in its 3′UTR. The second virus was a chimeric clone in which the 3′UTR contains a 205-nucleotide sequence corresponding to a region of the ALV-J prototype virus. The replication and pathogenicity of the rescued viruses (rHLJ09SH01 and rHLJ09SH01A205) were investigated. Compared to rHLJ09SH01A205, rHLJ09SH01 showed a moderate growth advantage
in vitro
and
in vivo
, in addition to exhibiting a higher oncogenicity rate and lethality rate in layers and broilers. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth receptor subtype 2 (VEGFR-2) expression was induced by rHLJ09SH01 more so than by rHLJ09SH01A205 during early embryonic vascular development, but this increased expression disappeared when the expression levels were normalized to the viral levels. This finding suggests that the expression of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 is associated with viral replication and may also represent a novel molecular mechanism underlying the oncogenic potential of ALV-J. Overall, our findings not only indicate that the unique 205-nucleotide deletion in the ALV-J genome occurred naturally in China and contributes to increased pathogenicity but also point to the possible mechanism of ALV-J-induced oncogenicity.
Full Genome Sequence of a Novel Coxsackievirus B5 Strain Isolated from Neurological Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Patients in China
Authors: Hu Y. F. , Zhao R. , Xue Y. , Yang Fan , Jin Q. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) belongs to the human enterovirus B species within the family
Picornaviridae
. We report the complete genome sequence of a novel CVB5 strain, CVB5/SD/09, that is associated with neurological hand, foot, and mouth disease in China. The complete genome consists of 7,399 nucleotides, excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail, and has an open reading frame that maps between nucleotide positions 744 and 7301 and encodes a 2,185-amino-acid polyprotein. Phylogenetic analysis based on different genome region regions reveals that CVB5/SD/09 belongs to a novel CVB5 lineage, and similarity plotting and bootscanning analysis based on the whole genome of CVB5 in the present study and those available in GenBank indicate that the genome of CVB5/SD/09 has a mosaic-like structure, suggesting that recombination between different CVB5 strains may occur.
Complete Genome Sequence of an H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus from Dogs in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Lin Yan , Zhao Yan-Bing , Zeng Xu-Jian , Lu Cheng-Ping , Liu Yong-Jie 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
A canine influenza virus (CIV) strain of avian origin designated A/Canine/Jiangsu/06/2010 (H3N2) was isolated from dogs exhibiting severe respiratory disease in Jiangsu, China. We announce the complete genome sequence of this viral strain and report major findings from the genomic analysis. This sequence will help us understand the molecular characteristics and evolutionary of H3N2 CIV in China.
Neutralizing Capacity of Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize Peptide Sequences Underlying the Carbohydrates on gp41 of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Martinez-Navio José M. , Desrosiers Ronald C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Extensive glycosylation of the envelope spikes of human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) is an important factor for the resistance of these viruses to neutralization by antibodies. SIVmac239 gp41 has three closely spaced sites for N-linked carbohydrate attachment. Rhesus macaques experimentally infected with mutant versions of SIVmac239 lacking two or three of these carbohydrate sites developed strong serum reactivity against mutated peptide sequences at the site of these glycosylations, as well as high titers of neutralizing activity to the mutant viruses (E. Yuste et al., J. Virol. 82:12472–12486, 2008). However, whether antibodies that recognize these underlying peptides have neutralizing activity has not been directly demonstrated. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of three gp41-specific monoclonal antibodies (4G8, 6G8, and 7D6) from one of these mutant-infected monkeys. All three antibodies reacted with mutant gp41 from viral particles and also with peptides corresponding to mutated sequences. Slight differences in peptide specificities were observed among the three antibodies. Sequence analysis revealed that the heavy chains of all three antibodies were derived from the same germ line heavy-chain segment (IGHV4-59*01), but they all had very different sequences in complementarity-determining region 3. The light chains of all three antibodies were very closely related to one another. All three antibodies had neutralizing activity to mutant viruses deficient in gp41 carbohydrate attachment, but they did not neutralize the parental SIVmac239. These results demonstrate unambiguously that antibodies with specificity for peptide sequences underlying gp41 carbohydrates can effectively neutralize SIV when these carbohydrates are absent. However, the presence of these gp41 carbohydrates effectively shields the virus from antibodies that would otherwise neutralize viral infectivity.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Bacteriophage My1
Authors: Lee Dong Hwan , Lee Ju-Hoon , Shin Hakdong , Ji Samnyu , Roh Eunjung , Jung Kyusuk , Ryu Sangryeol , Choi Jaehyuk , Heu Sunggi 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Pectobacterium carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
, a member of the
Enterobacteriaceae
family, is an important plant-pathogenic bacterium causing significant economic losses worldwide.
P. carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
bacteriophage My1 was isolated from a soil sample. Its genome was completely sequenced and analyzed for the development of an effective biological control agent. Sequence and morphological analyses revealed that phage My1 is a T5-like bacteriophage and belongs to the family
Siphoviridae
. To date, there is no report of a
Pectobacterium
-targeting siphovirus genome sequence. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of phage My1 and report the results of our analysis.