bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturally occurring, resistance‐associated hepatitis C virus NS5A variants are linked to interleukin‐28B genotype and are sensitive to interferon‐based therapy
Authors: Itakura Jun , Kurosaki Masayuki , Takada Hitomi , Nakakuki Natsuko , Matsuda Syuya , Gondou Kouichi , Asano Yu , Hattori Nobuhiro , Itakura Yoshie , Tamaki Nobuharu , Yasui Yutaka , Suzuki Shoko , Hosokawa Takanori , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yuka , Maekawa Syinya , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: January 2015

AimThe presence of resistance‐associated variants (RAV) may attenuate the efficacy of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) in combination therapy for hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to characterize the NS3 and NS5A regions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in naturally occurring RAV.MethodsThe NS3 and NS5A regions of HCV were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and their nucleotide sequences were determined by direct sequencing in 493 genotype 1b patients naive to DAA‐based therapies. The effect of baseline RAV on response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy was analyzed in 65 patients after stratification by interleukin (IL)‐28B genotype.ResultsThe incidence of RAV was 7.9% in NS3 (V36I/L, 1.2%; T54S, 2.8%; Q80K/R, 3.0%; A156S, 0.2%; and D168E/T, 2.4%) and 20.2% in NS5A (L31I/M, 2.2%; and Y93H, 19.0%). The incidence in interferon experienced and naive patients was similar. The incidence of Y93H in NS5A was significantly higher in the IL‐28B TT genotype (rs8099917) than non‐TT (27.1% vs 9.5%, P < 0.001). The virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy was not affected by the presence of RAV in IL‐28B TT genotype.ConclusionRAV, especially Y93H in the NS5A region, were highly prevalent in DAA naive patients with genotype 1b HCV in Japan and were linked to IL‐28B TT genotype. Interferon‐based therapy could be an alternative for patients with RAV because these variants did not attenuate the response to that therapy. The analysis of RAV may impact the selection of the optimal treatment strategy.
Insect pests of Norway spruce cones: incidences and altitude preferences with emphasis on Cydia strobilella (L.)
Authors: Modlinger R. , Holuša J. , Liška J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPest species infesting spruce cones were identified from 109 locations approved for the collection of seed material in the Czech Republic. Four (occasionally five) cones were studied from each location, and 448 cones were examined in total. Each cone was assessed for external damage and was then cut open along the spine. The predominant pest species, Cydia strobilella, was detected in 65% of the cones, while the next most common species, Dioryctria abietella, was detected in 13% of the cones. Ernobius abietis, Eupithecia sp., and Thekopsora areolata were less numerous. Kaltenbachiola strobi and Megastigmus sp. were recorded sporadically. Most cones (68%) were infested with only one species. The maximum number of C. strobilella larvae detected in one cone was 13. Cone damage resulting from C. strobilella declined markedly with increasing elevation. Thus, cone infestation by C. strobilella was greater in those forest vegetation zones located in lowlands and uplands rather than in highlands and at lower mountain elevations. The number of cones without damage tended to increase with elevation, but infestation by D. abietella was unrelated to elevation. In some cases, C. strobilella damage to cones was severe. External markings on the cone (resin and deformation) cannot by themselves serve as reliable criteria for predicting C. strobilella infestation, although cones with such signs should be preferentially assessed when seed material is inspected.
A Modified Surgical Flap for Root Coverage in Association with Grafting Materials
Authors: Barros Raquel R. M. , Macedo Guilherme O. , de Queiroz Adriana Corrêa , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo clinically evaluate in humans the effectiveness of a modified flap for root coverage associated with connective tissue graft or acellular dermal matrix graft after a postoperative period of 12 months.Materials and MethodsThirty bilateral gingival recessions were selected and randomly assigned into experimental groups. All of them were treated with a modified surgical flap, with the releasing incisions placed on the mesial and distal line angles of the adjacent teeth, distant from the main defect, providing a broader flap. One site was treated with the autograft and the contralateral site, with the allograft. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and keratinized tissue width were measured at baseline and after 12 months.ResultsBoth procedures significantly improved the clinical parameters evaluated, without statistically significant differences between them. While the autograft group had a mean gingival recession reduction from 3.15 to 0.67 mm, in the allograft group, it was from 3.47 to 0.93 mm.ConclusionThe extended flap technique can improve the root coverage results using the subepithelial connective tissue graft or the acellular dermal matrix.Clinical SignificanceGraft survival plays a decisive role in mucogingival therapy results and the selection of the appropriate surgical technique is important to achieve it. This 12‐month randomized study showed that an extended flap is able to improve the results of root coverage of localized gingival recessions not only when using the acellular dermal matrix as shown in a previous study, but also when using the subepithelial connective tissue. On this basis, this surgical technique can be suggested as the procedure of choice for treating this type of defect.
A randomized, prospective, blinded, split‐face, single‐center study comparing polycaprolactone to hyaluronic acid for treatment of nasolabial folds
Authors: Galadari Hassan , van Abel Daan , Al Nuami Khawla , Al Faresi Fatima , Galadari Ibrahim 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundDermal fillers have continuingly been under development to increase safety, efficacy, and longevity. Biostimulatory dermal fillers, such as calcium hydroxylapatite fillers, have already been shown to be superior in efficacy compared to nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA)‐based fillers.AimsIn this randomized split‐face study, we compared a novel biostimulatory polycaprolactone (PCL)‐based dermal filler with a NASHA‐based dermal filler, for safety, efficacy, and duration of cosmetic correction for the treatment of nasolabial folds (NLFs).Patients/MethodsForty subjects received a PCL‐based dermal filler in one of their NLFs, and a NASHA‐based dermal filler on the contralateral side. Efficacy was evaluated based on the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.ResultsAfter 6, 9, and 12 months post‐treatment, NLFs treated with the PCL‐based dermal filler showed statistically significant improvements on the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale and greater improvements on the GAIS compared to NLFs treated with the NASHA‐based dermal filler. Both products were found to be equally safe and well tolerated.ConclusionOur results suggest that PCL‐based dermal fillers offer longer‐lasting performance over NASHA‐based dermal fillers in NLFs treatment.
Coping Styles of Adolescents Experiencing Multiple Forms of Discrimination and Bullying: Evidence From a Sample of Ethnically Diverse Urban Youth
Authors: Garnett Bernice R. , Masyn Katherine E. , Austin S. Bryn , Williams David R. , Viswanath Kasisomayajula 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe used a latent class analysis (LCA) to characterize coping styles of urban youth and examined if coping styles moderated the association between experiencing discrimination and bullying and depressive symptoms.METHODSThe data come from the 2006 Boston Youth Survey, where students were asked to select 2 behaviors they do most often when they are upset, from a list of 15 options. A total of 927 (75%) students contributed to the LCA analytic sample (44% non‐Hispanic Blacks, 29% Hispanics, and 58% girls). Relative and absolute fit indices determined the number of classes. An interaction term between types of discrimination and bullying experienced and coping style tested for moderation.RESULTSThe LCA revealed that a 3‐class solution had the best fit (Lo–Mendell–Rubin likelihood ratio test, 4‐class vs 3‐class, p‐value .12). The largest coping style class was characterized by high endorsement of distractive coping strategies (59%), the second class was characterized by using supportive coping strategies (27%), and the third class was characterized by using avoidance coping strategies (12%). We found a significant interaction between discrimination and coping style for depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONSThe relationship between experiencing discrimination and depression varied based on coping style and the type of discrimination and bullying experienced.
Rural Middle School Nutrition and Physical Activity Environments and the Change in Body Mass Index During Adolescence
Authors: Demment Margaret , Wells Nancy , Olson Christine 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFor rural adolescents, schools are among the few places where environmental interventions can promote health outside of the home. The goal of this study was to assess the nutrition and physical activity (N&PA) environments of schools attended by a birth cohort and examine the association with change in body mass index (BMI) from sixth to eighth grade.METHODSUsing data from adolescents of a rural New York State birth cohort (N = 281), we used linear mixed models to identify N&PA environments associated with change in BMI. We also examined family income trajectory as a potential modifier to consider how the association between school environment and change in BMI might differ depending on income.RESULTSWe found considerable heterogeneity in environments within and between schools. Among students with low‐income trajectories, reductions in BMI z‐scores were associated with school environments that promote better physical education (PE) and general (non‐PE, non‐sport) physical activity. Schools with better sports environments were associated with reductions in BMI for some students, but not lower‐income students.CONCLUSIONSSchool environments may have differing effects on students depending on their socioeconomic status. Strategies are needed to identify and address barriers that impair low‐income students' access to health‐promoting school resources.
Effectiveness of School‐Initiated Physical Activity Program on Secondary School Students' Physical Activity Participation
Authors: Gråstén Arto , Yli‐Piipari Sami , Watt Anthony , Jaakkola Timo , Liukkonen Jarmo 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe promotion of physical activity and health has become a universal challenge. The Sotkamo Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program was implemented to increase students' physical activity by promoting supportive psychological and physical school environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the school‐initiated physical activity program on secondary school students' self‐reported physical activity.METHODSThe sample included 847 students (experimental condition school = 208, control school = 639) at the age of 12 to 14 years from northeast and central Finland. The program was conducted across 1 academic year and 2 measurement phases were carried out using self‐report questionnaires in April 2011 and 2012.RESULTSThe findings highlighted that the program appeared to be effective as an approach to change the sharp decline in the pattern of Grade 7 students' self‐reported physical activity across 1 school year. Specifically, change in the experimental condition students' self‐reported physical activity was 13.4% higher compared the students in the control condition.CONCLUSIONOn the basis of current findings, increased opportunities for school day physical activities have the potential to affect large number of students and are an efficient strategy for promoting regular physical activity.
Restricted use of nitrate and a strong preference for ammonium reflects the nitrogen ecophysiology of a light‐limited red alga
Authors: Pritchard Daniel W. , Hurd Catriona L. , Beardall John , Hepburn Christopher D. 
Published: January 2015

Ammonium and nitrate are important sources of inorganic nitrogen for coastal primary producers. Nitrate has higher energy requirement for uptake and assimilation, compared with ammonium, suggesting that it might be a more efficient nitrogen source for slow‐growing, light‐limited macroalgae. To address this hypothesis, we examined the nitrogen ecophysiology ofAnotrichium crinitum, a rhodophyte macroalgae common in low‐light habitats in New Zealand. We measured seasonal changes in seawater nitrate and ammonium concentrations and the concentration of nitrate and ammonium stored internally byA. crinitum. We determined the maximal uptake rates of nitrate and ammonium seasonally and grewA. crinitumin the laboratory with these nitrogen sources under two ecologically relevant saturating light levels. Our results show that field‐harvestedA. crinitumhas a high affinity for ammonium and although it will grow when supplied exclusively with nitrate, internal nitrate pools are low and it is unable to take up nitrate without several days of acclimation to saturating light. Our data predict thatA. crinitumwould be able to sustain growth with ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen, a strategy that would help it survive under low‐light conditions that prevail in the field.
Evolution of the eastern Asian–North American biogeographic disjunctions in ferns and lycophytes
Authors: XIANG Jian‐Ying , WEN Jun , PENG Hua 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper reviews 31 groups in ferns and lycophytes hypothesized to show eastern Asian–North American disjunctions. Fourteen lineages have been supported by recent phylogenetic evidence: Lycopodium nikoense and Lycopodium sitchense; Isoëtes asiatica and the clade of the North American species complex closely allied to I. maritima; Osmundastrum cinnamomeum; Osmunda claytoniana; the Adiantum pedatum complex; the Cryptogramma acrostichoides complex; Diplaziopsidaceae; Cystopteris chinensis and the Cystopteris bulbifera clade; Asplenium rhizophyllum and Asplenium ruprechtii; diploid Phegopteris; Onoclea sensibilis; the Polypodium appalachianum clade; and the Polypodium glycyrrhiza clade. Phylogenetic and/or cytological evidence did not support the biogeographic disjunctions in six cases: (1) Isoëtes asiatica and I. truncata; (2) Botrychium ternatum; (3) Thelypteris beddomei and T. nipponica—Thelypteris noveboracensis and T. nevadensis; (4) Thelypteris glanduligera and Thelypteris. japonica—T. simulata; (5) Woodwardia japonica and W. virginica; and (6) Woodwardia orientalis and Woodwardia fimbriata. Both vicariance and dispersal have been suggested to be the mechanisms for the formation of the disjunct pattern; and the Beringian region has been an active pathway for the migration of ferns and lycophytes between Asia and North America. Disjunctions of ferns and lycophytes reviewed here have been dated in the Tertiary, and are similar to the ages of eastern Asian–North American disjunctions in seed plants, supporting the close biogeographic co‐diversification of ferns and seed plants. Future studies are needed to estimate divergence times and reconstruct biogeographic events in a broad phylogenetic framework, and to test the morphological stasis hypothesis in disjunct ferns and lycophytes.
Fiscal Adjustments and the Probability of Sovereign Default
Authors: Schaltegger Christoph A. , Weder Martin 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBased on probit estimates, this paper analyzes the effects of fiscal consolidation on the probability of sovereign default in the short run. Using a panel of 104 developing countries from 1980 to 2009 and controlling for various economic, fiscal and political factors, we find that fiscal adjustments in general do not significantly reduce the probability of default even if they are large. Instead, the composition of budget consolidation is decisive in reducing default risk. Expenditure based adjustments are not successful while revenue based adjustments lower the probability of default in the following year by 36 to 55 percent. This finding also holds when economic growth is low or government debt is high as well as when IMF lending is taken into account.
Tigecycline exerts an antitumoral effect in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ren A , Qiu Y , Cui H , Fu G 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo explore whether antibacterial drug tigecycline could exert an antitumoral effect in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsTwo OSCC cell lines Tca8113 and KB were used in this study. To investigate the cytostatic effects of tigecycline in OSCC, cell growth was tested by trypan blue staining, MTT assay, and Brdu immunofluorescence staining. Then, the apoptosis proportion was measured by FITC Annexin‐V and PI labeling, and cell cycle was determined by PI staining. The expression of caspase 3 (CASP3) and cell cycle regulatory protein was detected by Western blot assay. Finally, the clonogenesis and tumorigenesis capacity were analyzed by soft agar growth and xenograft model.ResultsHere, we showed that tigecycline significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation in OSCC cell lines Tca8113 and KB. It did not induce cell apoptosis but led to an increase of cells in G0/G1 phase with down‐regulation of cyclin E2 (CCNE2) and cyclin‐dependent kinase4 (CDK4) protein expression. We also showed that tigecycline inhibited colony formation in soft agar and reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model.ConclusionOur results suggested that tigecycline might be used as a novel candidate agent for the treatment of OSCC.
High‐dose dexmedetomidine for noninvasive pediatric procedural sedation and discharge readiness
Authors: Phelps Janey R. , Russell Ali , Lupa Maria C. , McNaull Peggy , Pittenger Sara , Ricketts Karene , Ditto Jennifer , Bortsov Andrey V. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe University of North Carolina's (UNC) Pediatric Sedation Service adopted a noninvasive procedural sedation protocol that uses dexmedetomidine in children based on review of literature that reported fast recovery times and low morbidity. This study aimed to compare dexmedetomidine discharge readiness times observed at UNC with those previously published with a hypothesis that the discharge times at UNC are longer than those previously published. A secondary aim was to evaluate the safety profile of the protocol.MethodsPediatric outpatients (6 months–18 years) who received dexmedetomidine per protocol for a noninvasive procedure or study from January 2011 through April 2012 were included in this retrospective chart review. A total of 615 patient encounters were evaluated. Patients received bolus doses of 2 μg·kg−1 over 10 min for up to three doses followed by a 1 μg·kg−1·h−1 infusion (group 1) or a 1.5 μg·kg−1·h−1 infusion (group 2). Primary outcomes included time to sedation, time to arousal, and time to discharge.ResultsNo significant differences between the dosing groups were noted. Time to discharge was significantly shorter for group 1 (79 min) than for group 2 (101 min). The range of discharge times at UNC was 78.7–100.9 min compared to previous studies that report recovery times of 24.8–35.2 min.ConclusionDexmedetomidine arousal and discharge times observed at UNC were longer than anticipated when compared to literature. The safety profile of the drug was comparable to prior studies.
A retrospective analysis of severe intraoperative respiratory compliance changes during ophthalmic arterial chemosurgery for retinoblastoma
Authors: Kato Meredith A. , Green Nicole , O'Connell Kelli , Till Sean D. , Kramer Daniel J. , Al‐Khelaifi Mashael , Han Jung Hee , Pryor Kane O. , Gobin Yves‐Pierre , Proekt Alex 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesOphthalmic arterial chemosurgery for retinoblastoma has been associated with intraoperative decreases in respiratory compliance. Through the analysis of data from computerized records, we objectively defined severe respiratory compliance events and correlated them with demographic and clinical information in patients undergoing this procedure.MethodsData were collected from ophthalmic arterial chemosurgery cases from 2006 to 2013. Intraoperative PIP, PEEP, TV, SpO2, and EtCO2 were analyzed. Compliance changes, desaturations, decreases in EtCO2, and clinical outcomes were assessed.ResultsRespiratory compliance decreases with a bimodal distribution. Severe events were defined as exhibiting a minimum compliance decrease of 40%. Seventy‐eight of 122 children (64%) experienced a severe compliance event during at least one treatment, and it occurred in 137/468 cases (29%). A subset of 94 children had complete or at least the first three records. The incidence of a severe respiratory compliance event in this subgroup was 17/94 (18%) on the first and 84/261 (32%) on subsequent procedures. The probability of developing a severe respiratory compliance event on a subsequent procedure was 0.40 if the child developed it on the first procedure, 0.30 if he did not; this difference was not significant. The incidence of desaturation below 90% with severe respiratory compliance events was 0.20; the incidence of a 30% drop in EtCO2 was 0.34. No morbidity, no extended recovery, and no admissions were associated with intraoperative severe respiratory compliance events. We found no correlation between history, age, sex, weight or allergies, and intraoperative severe respiratory compliance events.ConclusionsHere, most patients experienced a severe respiratory compliance event during at least one of their procedures. Overall incidence was 29% and was more likely on subsequent procedures. A severe respiratory compliance event at the initial procedure was poorly predictive of its occurrence on subsequent procedures. No morbidity was associated with intraoperative severe respiratory compliance events.
Acute Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with Long‐Term Exposure to Intrathecal Ziconotide: A Case Report
Authors: Horazeck Christian , Huh Albert S. , Huh Billy K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionZiconotide is an intrathecally administered nonopioid analgesic for the treatment of severe chronic pain. Previous reports have noted rhabdomyolysis in patients receiving ziconotide during the initial single‐shot trial or due to concurrent medical problems. We present a case of an acute rhabdomyolysis following an intrathecal bolus injection of ziconotide on a patient who had long‐term exposure to the drug.Case ReportThe patient suffered from chronic neuropathic pain with diagnosis of failed back surgery syndrome and received intrathecal ziconotide for 2 years. Moderate side effects resulting from dose escalation led to a discontinuation of the drug. The pump medication was changed to morphine, which failed to provide adequate analgesia even with dose titration. A single intrathecal bolus of ziconotide, as an adjunctive therapy, resulted in good pain control. Two months later, the patient received a second ziconotide injection. Sixteen hours after the injection, she presented to local emergency center with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia. She had significantly increased CK levels and was admitted for intravenous hydration and close observation. Her serum CK level peaked at 4940 IU/L. The patient was discharged on hospital day 3 with a CK level of 808 IU/L. Her symptoms resolved without renal impairment.DiscussionThe clinical scenario described is a case of acute rhabdomyolysis from an intrathecal bolus injection of ziconotide in a patient with prior long‐term exposure to the drug. The decrease in CK levels coincided well with the average half‐life of ziconotide; however, the rhabdomyolysis may have been potentiated by hypokalemia.