bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event-level associations among THC, CBD, social context, and subjective effects during Cannabis use episodes
Authors: Chang Yi-Chun , Magnan Renee E. , Cleveland Michael J. , Ladd Benjamin O. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Limited research considers the quantity and potency of cannabis products along with social context on the subjective effects of real-world cannabis use. Aims: This study examined the subjective effects of acute use as a function of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) doses and social context during cannabis use episodes. Method: Ninety-six participants (43.75% male, Mage = 35.73) reporting weekly cannabis use completed a baseline self-report battery assessing cannabis use. Then, THC and CBD potency and quantity of the cannabis product, social context, and subjective experience were assessed through self-initiated surveys after cannabis use episodes during a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Results: Greater feeling high and liking were significantly associated with a higher THC dose than one’s average ( b = 0.03, p < 0.001; b = 0.02, p < 0.001) and social use ( b = 0.38, p < 0.001; b = 0.20, p = 0.01). A higher CBD dose than one’s average ( b = 0.01, p = 0.04) was significantly associated with greater liking. A significant interaction effect of THC dose and social context ( b = 0.01, p = 0.02) was observed such that solitary use had a negative association between THC dose and disliking ( b = −0.01, p = 0.04), and social use had a null association ( b = 0.003, p = 0.25). Individuals with greater cannabis problems reported lower liking ( b = −0.18, p = 0.03) and higher disliking ( b = 0.08, p = 0.02), but not feeling high, on average, across the EMA protocol. Conclusion: Social context plays an important role in the subjective experience of cannabis use. Interventions targeting cannabis problems could highlight the evidence that individuals with greater cannabis problems might experience less liking but more disliking in general across use episodes to effectively challenge expectancies/motives of use.
Gut microbiome composition and intestinal immunity in antiphospholipid syndrome patients versus healthy controls
Authors: Jansen Valérie LBI , Davids Mark , van Mourik Dagmar JM , Levels Johannes HM , Coppens Michiel , Middeldorp Saskia , Nieuwdorp Max , van Mens Thijs E 
Published: August 2024

Introduction The gut microbiome is recognized as a factor that could potentially contribute to the persistent antibodies of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Gut microbial interventions can both induce and mitigate APS in mice. In human APS patients, anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (β2GP-1) titers correlate with antibody titers against a gut commensal protein homologous to β2GP-1. Aim To investigate the effect of the intestinal microenvironment on human APS. Methods We cross-sectionally compared intestinal microbiota composition quantified by shotgun sequencing; fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacterial metabolites known to affect autoimmune processes; and fecal calprotectin, an intestinal inflammatory marker, in APS patients and healthy controls. Results Neither alpha nor beta diversity of the gut microbiota differed between APS patients (n = 15) and controls (n = 16) and no taxa were differentially abundant. Moreover, fecal SCFAs and fecal calprotectin, did not differ between the groups. Conclusion Gut microbiome effects on the APS phenotype are likely not driven by bacterial overabundance, SCFA production or intestinal inflammation.
Investigation into the Effect of Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside on Sleep Improvement in a Mouse Experimental Model
Authors: Li Qi , Zhou Yong , Yang Hai-Feng , Yu Guang-Hong , Chi Xiao-Hui 
Published: August 2024

Background Poor sleep quality and even insomnia are global problems, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, and bioactive substances in natural herbal medicines may improve subjective sleep for people with insomnia. However, their active components still need to be isolated, determined, and verified by pharmacological experiments. Objectives To verify the efficacy of emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG), derived from Caulis Polygoni Multiflori in improving sleep in mice. Materials and Methods Hypnotic effect test, hypnotic experiment of sodium pentobarbital at a subthreshold dose, measurement of sleep latency induced by sodium barbital, and extending sodium pentobarbital sleep time experiment were performed in mice after different concentrations of EG were given intragastric administration for 30 days. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mouse brain tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) were detected by western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence labeling. Results After 30 days of continuous administration, behavioral experiments showed EG could shorten the time to fall asleep and prolong sleep duration. Tests revealed EG dose-dependently increased the levels of 5-HT in the brain tissue and the cause might be it could increase the expression of TPH2, the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-HT, in nerve cells in the hypothalamus. Conclusion Experimental data confirmed that EG could shorten sleep latency and prolong sleep time to improve sleep, and its mechanism of sleep meliorating is related to the upregulation of TPH2 and 5-HT levels in brain tissue.
Comparison of CRIB-II with SNAPPE-II as a Predictor of Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 12 Months of Age for Newborns ≤32 Weeks of Gestational Age
Authors: Bayen Abhinandan , Sk Md Habibullah , Chaudhuri Saugata , Saha Bijan 
Published: August 2024

Premature births before 32 weeks of gestation pose a significant challenge in perinatal healthcare. The global incidence of premature births is on the rise. To ensure appropriate care and resource allocation, assessing the severity of neonatal illnesses is crucial. In this context, the study assessed CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II, two widely used scoring systems for newborn illness severity. These systems consider both perinatal and postnatal variables, providing comprehensive assessments. This prospective observational study conducted in an Eastern Indian tertiary care children’s hospital between February 2021 and August 2022 aimed to evaluate and compare the predictive capabilities of two scoring systems, CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II, for in-hospital mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestational age. Results showed that both CRIB-II (AUC of 0.862, 95% CI: 0.745-0.939) and SNAPPE-II (AUC of 0.919 95%, CI: 0.816-0.975) demonstrated similar predictive abilities for neonatal mortality (difference: 0.057, 95% CI: -−0.044 to 0.16, P value .268). However, when it came to predicting long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months of corrected gestational age, SNAPPE-II maintained significance, while CRIB-II did not. The discrepancy in their performance over time emphasizes the complexity of predicting long-term outcomes in very preterm infants. To conclude, this study suggests that CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II are comparable in predicting neonatal mortality. Given their similarity, CRIB-II may be preferred for its practicality in high-capacity NICUs. However, further research is needed to assess these systems’ utility in comparing later neurodevelopmental outcomes and to explore the impact of new factors on their predictive accuracy.
Token-Based Crowdfunding: Investor Choice and the Optimal Timing of Initial Coin Offerings
Authors: Drobetz Wolfgang , Hornuf Lars , Momtaz Paul P. , Schermann Niclas 
Published: August 2024

This article examines the operating and financial performance of venture firms conducting initial coin offerings (ICOs) with different types of investors and at different points along a venture’s life-cycle. Relative to purely crowdfunded ICO ventures, institutional investor-backed ICO ventures exhibit weaker operating performance and fail earlier. However, conditional on survival, these ventures financially outperform their peers that do not receive institutional investor support. The diverging effects of investor backing on financial and operating performance are consistent with our theory of “certification exploitation” through a new form of a pump-and-dump scheme. Institutional investors exploit their reputation to drive up ICO valuations and quickly exit the venture post-ICO, with the difference in pre- versus post-certification token prices being their exploitation profit in liquid markets for startups. Our findings further indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the financial success of an ICO and the timing along a venture’s life-cycle, with the product piloting phase representing the pivotal point. JEL Codes: G24, G32, K22, L26
Development of a Novel CD8+ T Cell-Associated Signature for Prognostic Assessment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xuezhi , Qu Xiaodong , Li Songbo , Lin Kexin , Yao Nuo , Wang Na , Shi Yongquan 
Published: August 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical significance and prognostic value of CD8+ T cell-related regulatory genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This was a retrospective study. We combined TCGA-LIHC and single-cell RNA sequencing data for Lasso-Cox regression analysis to screen for CD8+ T cell-associated genes to construct a novel signature. The expression of the signature genes was detected at cellular and tissue levels using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarrays. The CIBERSORT algorithm was then used to assess the immune microenvironmental differences between the different risk groups and a drug sensitivity analysis was performed to screen for potential HCC therapeutic agents. Results An 8-gene CD8 + T cell-associated signature (FABP5, GZMH, ANXA2, KLRB1, CD7, IL7R, BATF, and RGS2) was constructed. Survival analysis showed that high-risk patients had a poorer prognosis in all cohorts. Tumor immune microenvironment analysis revealed 22 immune cell types that differed significantly between patients in different risk groups, with patients in the low-risk group having an immune system that was more active in terms of immune function. Patients in the high-risk group were more prone to immune escape and had a poorer response to immunotherapy, and AZD7762 was screened as the most sensitive drug in the high-risk group. Finally, preliminary experiments have shown that BATF has a promoting effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HuH-7 cells. Conclusions The CD8+ T-cell-associated signature is expected to be a tool for optimizing individual patient decision-making and monitoring protocols, and to provide new ideas for treatment and prognostic assessment of HCC.
Comorbidity rates of autism spectrum disorder and functional neurological disorders: A systematic review, meta-analysis of proportions and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Vickers Mark L , Menhinnitt Rebecca Sue , Choi Yoon Kwon , Malacova Eva , Eriksson Lars , Churchill Agesilaus W , Oddy Belinda , Boon Kym , Randall Christopher , Braun Anastasia , Taggart Jennifer , Marsh Rodney , Pun Paul 
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated the comorbidity rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with functional neurological disorders (FNDs). A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A subset of data was suitable for meta-analysis of proportions. Studies which assessed either the prevalence of ASD in patients with FNDs, or the prevalence of FNDs in patients with ASD were considered. Critical appraisal was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Three cross-sectional studies which reported the comorbidity of ASD among children presenting with functional seizures met inclusion for meta-analysis. The pooled comorbidity rate of ASD in this group was 10.26% [3.92, 18.95], with an I2 value of 81%, indicating significant heterogeneity between studies. Most included studies ( n = 5) reported on the rates of Somatic Symptom Disorders in adults with ASD. Comorbidity rates were also reported for ASD with Functional Motor Disorders and for mixed FND cohorts. Critical appraisal indicated that studies were underpowered, did not match cases with controls and failed to account for confounding factors. Identifying ASD and FND comorbidity may guide treatment options and reduce the risks of unnecessary medical investigations. Lay abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and functional neurological disorders (FND) are relatively common conditions, and there has been recent interest in the overlap between them. Both conditions share core features of alexithymia, impaired interoception and deficits in attentional focus. To date, relatively little is known about the comorbidity rates between ASD and FND. This is the first meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis on the subject. We found that around 10% of children presenting with functional seizures have a comorbid ASD diagnosis. People with ASD are more likely than the neurotypical population to have functional somatic disorders, and there is also evidence that ASD rates are higher for other FNDs such as functional motor disorders. Since FND comes with risks of unnecessary medical procedures and investigations, it is important to recognize the potential for people with ASD to have an FND comorbidity.
Designing the first culturally-sensitive stigma survey tailored for adolescents: RN-CSS
Authors: Saelens Lies , Bockstal Marlies , Bracke Piet , Buffel Veerle , Delaruelle Katrijn , D’hondt Fanny , Stevens Peter A. J. , Ceuterick Melissa 
Published: August 2024

Aims: The Red Noses Culturally-Sensitive Stigma Survey (RN-CSS) contributes to the underexplored research domain of adolescents’ stigmatising attitudes and behaviours towards peers with mental health difficulties and mental healthcare services. It also addresses the need for comprehensive and culturally-sensitive tools to assess stigma in this context. Methods: Drawing on insights from focus groups and building upon the existing Stigma in Global Context-Mental Health Study, we have successfully developed and implemented the first culturally-sensitive stigma survey tailored for school-aged adolescents of different migration/cultural backgrounds. The questionnaire includes an unlabelled case vignette depicting a peer with symptoms of depression and gathers data on various domains, including (1) sociodemographic variables; (2) education-related information; (3) COVID-19; (4) perceptions of mental health difficulties and mental healthcare services (i.e. severity assessment, causal attributions, care recommendations, personal stigma, perceived stigma, and service stigma); (5) subjective wellbeing and familiarity with mental health difficulties; (6) social support; (7) school context; (8) bullying; and (9) knowledge of anti-stigma campaigns. Results: Our final sample comprises 5075 pupils from 38 secondary schools in Flanders, Belgium. Conclusions: In this article, we present the study’s background and rationale, the development of the questionnaire, and the sampling and recruitment methods employed. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the sample characteristics and preliminary descriptive results of the RN-CSS. Subsequent empirical studies will address the research objectives outlined in this protocol paper. The research opportunities provided by the developed materials and dataset are being discussed.
Uncovering sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of osteoarthritis incidence and age-at-diagnosis, 2006–2019
Authors: Kiadaliri Ali , Englund Martin 
Published: August 2024

Aim: To describe sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of incidence and age distributions of first registered osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis in southern Sweden. Methods: We identified all Skåne residents aged 35+ who had lived in the region at any point during the period 2006–2019 with no previous OA diagnosis (ICD-10 codes M15–M19) for 8 years prior to inclusion in the study ( n = 849,061). We calculated person-years from inclusion until OA diagnosis, death, emigration, or 31 December 2019, whichever occurred first. Combining sex (female, male), education (low, medium, high) and nativity (Swedish, immigrant), we created a variable with 12 strata. Average annual percent changes in age-standardized incidence rates were estimated using joinpoint regression. Changes in the median age-at-diagnosis (year of diagnosis minus birth year), weighted to the mid-2005 Swedish population, were explored. Results: Cumulative age-standardized incidence rates ranged from 116 (95% CI: 111, 121) per 10,000 person-years for immigrant males with low education to 205 (95% CI: 200, 210) for immigrant females with medium education. The estimated average annual percent changes (ranging from 3.4% to 6.1%) were generally similar, with slightly greater variations among immigrants than Swedes. The weighted median age-at-diagnosis was higher for Swedes and low educated people. Immigrant females with low education were the only stratum with a reduction (3 years) in the weighted median age-at-diagnosis over time. Sociodemographic patterns in knee OA incidence were different from patterns for hip OA. Conclusions: There were few sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of OA incidence and age-at-diagnosis, suggesting persistent sociodemographic disparities in OA burden in southern Sweden.
Orthodontic treatment protocol versus Peer Assessment Rating: Assessing the quality of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Shelswell Jonathan D , Kelly Brian M , Hodge Trevor M , Barber Sophy K 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To apply the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) to cases that have been assessed by the NHS Business Service Authority (NHSBSA) using the orthodontic treatment protocol (OTO), then compare the NHSBSA outcome assessment with weighted (W) and unweighted (U) PAR scores. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: UK. Cases: Anonymised orthodontic cases submitted to the NHSBSA. Methods: A sample of 30 reports from 2021/2022 were randomly selected to include different standard of treatment grades. The records were de-identified and the pre- and post-treatment study models were PAR scored by a calibrated assessor. Results: The mean percentage change in PAR was higher in cases from green reports (W: 78%; U: 79%) than amber (W: 68%; U: 67%) and red reports (W: 65%; U: 65%). Alignment and poor buccal segment interdigitation were the most reported concerns for cases included in the red and amber graded reports. A residual increased overjet was the most common occlusal feature leading to PAR scores not being more than 70% improved. Only slight agreement was shown between OTP and PAR using the kappa statistic, and the chi-square statistical test found that outcome measures are statistically significantly different. Conclusion: There are fundamental differences between OTP and PAR, and general agreement between them has not been demonstrated. The NHSBSA Report provides a more critical outcome assessment than PAR, identifying elements that are not assessed or measured by the PAR index.
Orbital Trauma Epidemiologic Characteristics by Life Stage
Authors: Irfan Aayma , Punjabi Nihal , Suresh Aishwarya , Waldrop Ian , Inman Jared C. , Sheets Nicholas W. 
Published: August 2024

Study Design Retrospective database review. Objective This study aims to characterize and compare the epidemiological factors of orbital trauma between life stages by utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a nationally representative database. Methods The NEISS was queried for orbital injuries from 2013 to 2022. Demographic data, injury type, injury location, and product related to injury were compared across life stages defined as 0-5 years (young children), 6-17 years (adolescents), 18-64 years (working adults), and >65 years (elderly adults). Results 7846 orbital injuries were reported in the NEISS from 2013-2022. Incidence increased in all age groups over the study period but was highest in elderly adults. There was a bimodal distribution in the frequency of orbital trauma, with peaks occurring at age<20 and around age 80. Adolescents were most likely to be injured by sports-related products while young children and elderly adults were more likely to be injured by household products. Orbital fractures were the most common type of injury across all age groups (40.6%), with the highest rate observed in working adults. Elderly adults were more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared to working adults (RR 1.62 [1.49-1.77]). Conclusions The rate of orbital trauma is increasing over time, especially in elderly adults, highlighting the need for increased and improved preventative and education measures. The age-specific epidemiological factors identified in this study may help improve detection and management of injuries and guide public health initiatives.
Differences in the relationship between pain and anxiety in total knee and hip arthroplasty: a longitudinal cross‐lagged analysis mediated by depression and pain catastrophizing
Authors: Paredes Ana Cristina , Costa Patrício , Costa Márcia , Oliveira Patrícia , Varanda Pedro , Almeida Armando , Pinto Patrícia R 
Published: August 2024

Acute postsurgical pain (APSP) is an important risk factor for pain chronification, with reports of being more intense after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) than after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Psychological variables have been associated with differences in postsurgical pain experience. This study aimed to analyse the longitudinal reciprocal association between pain and anxiety levels in patients undergoing TKA or THA, to investigate the moderator role of the type of surgery and to explore psychological mediators in the anxiety – pain association. Patients undergoing TKA ( n = 120) or THA ( n = 109) were evaluated before surgery and in the acute postsurgical period (48 h postsurgery). Presurgical assessment comprised sociodemographic, pain-related and psychological variables (anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, self-efficacy, optimism and satisfaction with life). Postsurgical assessment focused on pain frequency, pain intensity and anxiety. Longitudinal associations were explored using cross-lagged panel models that included the indirect effect paths through possible mediators (pain catastrophizing and depression). Multigroup analyses compared TKA and THA. In the global sample, higher APSP was predicted by higher presurgical pain and worse presurgical anxiety. Multigroup analyses revealed that worse APSP was predicted by higher presurgical anxiety in patients undergoing TKA and by higher presurgical pain in patients undergoing THA. Furthermore, there was a positive significant indirect effect of pain catastrophizing, but not depressive symptoms, in the relationship between presurgical anxiety and APSP in THA. Anxiety and APSP are differently interrelated in TKA and THA. Psychological characteristics could be managed before surgery to favour better APSP control and potentially prevent pain chronification after total joint arthroplasty.