bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE MANAGEMENT OF SUSPECTED ENCEPHALITIS AT A REGIONAL DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Llewelyn Dafydd , Fish Mark 
Published: October 2015

AimTo determine how suspected encephalitis is managed in a regional DGH against standard of ABN/BIA (Association of British Neurologists/British Infection Association) Guidelines (2012).MethodologyA retrospective audit of notes for 21 cases with suspected encephalitis (June to December 2013). Sampling utilised case coding, records of referrals to neurology and CSF analyses. Latency from time of admission to suspicion of encephalitis, CT, LP, MRI, aciclovir administration and neurological input were determined.Results12/21 patients received aciclovir within 6 hours (average 11.5h), 18/21 patients had a CT head scan before LP and in 14/21 cases aciclovir was started before LP.
18/21 cases underwent LP (6 on MAU, 11 by medical teams and 1 by neurology), 17/18 had CSF constituents requested, 9/18 had a paired serum glucose. 5 cases had repeat HSV PCR, 5 had HIV testing and 12/21 had an EEG. The average latency to MRI was 2.34 days and time to be seen by a neurologist was 2 days. Treatment was discontinued in 7 cases after negative HSV PCR and 5 after alternative diagnosis were made.ConclusionsManagement of suspected encephalitis varied, we need to increase awareness ABN/BIA guidance and address the delay in neurology services seeing these patients.
Functional Roles of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase UBR5 in Cancer
Authors: Shearer Robert F. , Iconomou Mary , Watts Colin K.W. , Saunders Darren N. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) is an important regulator of cell signaling and proteostasis, which are essential to a variety of cellular processes. The UPS is disrupted in many diseases including cancer, and targeting the UPS for cancer therapy is gaining wide interest. E3 ubiquitin ligases occupy a key position in the hierarchical UPS enzymatic cascade, largely responsible for determining substrate specificity and ubiquitin (Ub) chain topology. The E3 ligase UBR5 (aka EDD1) is emerging as a key regulator of the UPS in cancer and development. UBR5 expression is deregulated in many cancer types and UBR5 is frequently mutated in mantle cell lymphoma. UBR5 is highly conserved in metazoans, has unique structural features, and has been implicated in regulation of DNA damage response, metabolism, transcription, and apoptosis. Hence, UBR5 is a key regulator of cell signaling relevant to broad areas of cancer biology. However, the mechanism by which UBR5 may contribute to tumor initiation and progression remains poorly defined. This review synthesizes emerging insights from genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology to inform our understanding of UBR5 in cancer. These molecular insights indicate a role for UBR5 in integrating/coordinating various cellular signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions in UBR5 biology and highlight the need to systematically characterize substrates, and address limitations in current animal models, to better define the role of UBR5 in cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 13(12); 1523–32. ©2015 AACR.
As ciências cognitivas e a pesquisa na criação artística e a estética
Authors: Couchot Edmond 
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho comenta, num primeiro momento, a história das ciências cognitivas, partindo da cibernética, passando pelo que chamaremos de “cognitivismo”, e, depois, pelo que denominaremos “conexionismo”, e, chegando, enfim, ao momento atual, que é marcado pela multiplicidade das direções de pesquisa, em que se delineia uma forte tendência crítica aos paradigmas anteriores. Num segundo momento, discute-se a influência das ciências cognitivas sobre as teorias da arte e da estética.
Pesquisa em arte por ocasião dos doutorados baseados na prática. Um estudo do caso da Universidade de Paris 1 Sorbonne
Authors: Darras Bernard 
Published: October 2015

Em várias instituições acadêmicas coloca-se a questão de abrir a pesquisa em mestrado e doutorado a outras abordagens, além dos dispositivos científicos clássicos do PhD ou do doutorado de especialidade. O que está em pauta, portanto, são os doutorados profissionais e aqueles baseados na prática. Um dos primeiros exemplos nesse campo foi desenvolvido no Reino Unido, com os doutorados baseados na prática em artes criativas e cênicas e em design [Practice-based Doctorates in the Creative and Performing Arts and Design]. Após essa experiência, pelo mundo todo pergunta-se sobre a natureza desses doutorados, que poderiam eventualmente não mais necessitar da elaboração de uma tese redigida para acompanhar o artefato inventado ou criado. Neste artigo, tratarei essas questões com base em uma abordagem crítica do sistema doutoral posto em prática na Sorbonne desde os anos 1970. A partir da história dos candidatos e da história das instituições, questionarei os dispositivos científicos e artísticos implantados e as limitações e problemas gerados. A primeira parte deste artigo é dedicada aos processos de condicionamento axiológico dos estudantes. A segunda parte, ao processo de artificação de suas práticas; e a terceira, ao debate sobre os problemas epistemológicos da pesquisa em arte, confrontada com a pesquisa científica e com os problemas encontrados pelos doutorandos. Ao final, são abordados os instrumentos e métodos trazidos pelas ciências humanas e sociais.
An Extreme Annual Precipitation Anomaly in the Preradiosonde Era
Authors: Gutzler David S. , Sullivan Sharon M. , Kann Deirdre M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The wettest year, by a huge margin, in the instrumental history for the state of New Mexico was 1941. The authors describe the extraordinary magnitude and persistence of above-average precipitation across the seasonal cycle during this year and consider possible climatic causes of this exceptional annual anomaly through examination of a wide variety of historical records and modern analysis tools. Indices of the Pacific decadal oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation were both extremely positive in 1941, consistent with the historical tendency for above-average precipitation across the southern United States under such conditions. However, the largest precipitation anomalies occurred in transition season months that do not fit the typical seasonality associated with strong ENSO- or PDO-related continental climate anomalies in the more recent historical record. The difficulty in attributing this extreme annual anomaly to any specific climatic cause is a reminder that the radiosonde era provides only a limited sample of natural climatic variability. The number and quality of data sources available for preradiosonde years allows for surprisingly in-depth observational analysis of early twentieth-century climatic anomalies.
Museum activities in dementia care: Using visual analog scales to measure subjective wellbeing
Authors: Johnson Joana , Culverwell Alison , Hulbert Sabina , Robertson Mitch , Camic Paul M 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Previous research has shown that people with dementia and caregivers derive wellbeing-related benefits from viewing art in a group, and that facilitated museum object handling is effective in increasing subjective wellbeing for people with a range of health conditions. The present study quantitatively compared the impact of two museum-based activities and a social activity on the subjective wellbeing of people with dementia and their caregivers. Methods A quasi-experimental crossover design was used. People with early to middle stage dementia and caregivers ( N = 66) participated in museum object handling, a refreshment break, and art viewing in small groups. Visual analog scales were used to rate subjective wellbeing pre and post each activity. Results Mixed-design analysis of variances indicated wellbeing significantly increased during the session, irrespective of the order in which the activities were presented. Wellbeing significantly increased from object handling and art viewing for those with dementia and caregivers across pooled orders, but did not in the social activity of a refreshment break. An end-of-intervention questionnaire indicated that experiences of the session were positive. Conclusion Results provide a rationale for considering museum activities as part of a broader psychosocial, relational approach to dementia care and support the use of easy to administer visual analog scales as a quantitative outcome measure. Further partnership working is also supported between museums and healthcare professionals in the development of nonclinical, community-based programs for this population.
Do Women Have Worse Amputation-Free Survival Than Men Following Endovascular Procedures for Peripheral Arterial Disease? An Evaluation of the California State-Wide Database
Authors: Hedayati Nasim , Brunson Ann , Li Chin-Shang , Baker Aaron C. , Pevec William C. , White Richard H. , Romano Patrick S. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives: Female gender has been shown to negatively affect the outcomes of surgical bypass for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We examined gender-related disparities in outcomes of endovascular PAD procedures in a large population-based study. Methods: We used discharge data from California hospitals to identify patients who had PAD interventions during 2005 to 2009. Logistic regression was used for 12-month reintervention, and Cox proportional hazard regression was used for amputation-free survival comparisons. Results: A total of 25 635 patients had endovascular procedures (11 389 [44.4%] women). Women were more likely than men (34.5% vs 30.1%, P < .0001) to have critical limb ischemia (CLI). Twelve-month reintervention rate in women was similar to men. Amputation-free survival was better among women than men (hazard ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.93, P = .0006). Conclusion: Despite presenting more frequently with CLI, women had better amputation-free survival than men following endovascular procedures. Future research should determine whether findings favor one type of PAD treatment modality over another for women.
Timing of oral refeeding in acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Horibe Masayasu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Minami Kazuhiro , Yahagi Naohisa , Iwasaki Eisuke , Kanai Takanori 
Published: October 2015

Background and aimThe optimal timing of oral refeeding in acute pancreatitis is unclear. This study aimed to perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared early oral refeeding with standard oral refeeding in acute pancreatitis.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane library, and the Igaku‐Chuo‐Zasshi database were searched in order to identify RCTs eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsFive eligible RCTs were included. Compared with standard oral refeeding, early oral refeeding significantly decreased the length of hospital stay (WMD: −2.22, 95%CI: −3.37 to −1.08, p  = 0.0001). Although there was heterogeneity (I 2  = 56%, p  = 0.06), subgroup analysis of the refeeding criteria (immediate group and hungry group) eliminated the heterogeneity. There was no significant difference between the early refeeding group and standard refeeding groups with respect abdominal pain and distension (OR 1.14; 95%CI 0.65–1.99 and OR 1.53; 95%CI 0.81–2.90).ConclusionsCompared with standard oral refeeding, early oral refeeding safely reduced the length of hospital stay in patients with acute pancreatitis.
The hematopoietic stem cell niche in homeostasis and disease
Authors: Calvi Laura M. , Link Daniel C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment contains a heterogeneous population of stromal cells organized into niches that support hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors. The stem cell niche generates signals that regulate HSC self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation. Here, we review recent studies that highlight the heterogeneity of the stromal cells that comprise stem cell niches and the complexity of the signals that they generate. We highlight emerging data that stem cell niches in the bone marrow are not static but instead are responsive to environmental stimuli. Finally, we review recent data showing that hematopoietic niches are altered in certain hematopoietic malignancies, and we discuss how these alterations might contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Differential response to pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: multidimensional profiling
Authors: Spruit Martijn A. , Augustin Ingrid M.L. , Vanfleteren Lowie E. , Janssen Daisy J.A. , Gaffron Swetlana , Pennings Herman-Jan , Smeenk Frank , Pieters Willem , van den Bergh Jan J.A.M. , Michels Arent-Jan , Groenen Miriam T.J. , Rutten Erica P.A. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Franssen Frits M.E. 
Published: October 2015

The aim of the present study was to profile a multidimensional response to pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Dyspnoea, exercise performance, health status, mood status and problematic activities of daily life were assessed before and after a 40-session pulmonary rehabilitation programme in 2068 patients with COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 49% predicted). Patients were ordered by their overall similarity concerning their multidimensional response profile, which comprises the overall response on MRC dyspnoea grade, 6MWD, cycle endurance time, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure performance and satisfaction scores, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety and depression, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score, using a novel non-parametric regression technique.Patients were clustered into four groups with distinct multidimensional response profiles: n=378 (18.3%; “very good responder”), n=742 (35.9%; “good responder”), n=731 (35.4%; “moderate responder”), and n=217 (10.5%; “poor responder”). Patients in the “very good responder” cluster had higher symptoms of dyspnoea, number of hospitalisations <12 months, worse exercise performance, worse performance and satisfaction scores for problematic activities of daily life, more symptoms of anxiety and depression, worse health status, and a higher proportion of patients following an inpatient PR programme compared to the other three clusters.A multidimensional response outcome needs to be considered to study the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation services in patients with COPD, as responses to regular outcomes are differential within patients with COPD.
Xenon triggers pro-inflammatory effects and suppresses the anti-inflammatory response compared to sevoflurane in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Breuer Thomas , Emontzpohl Christoph , Coburn Mark , Benstoem Carina , Rossaint Rolf , Marx Gernot , Schälte Gereon , Bernhagen Juergen , Bruells Christian S. , Goetzenich Andreas , Stoppe Christian 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Cardiac surgery encompasses various stimuli that trigger pro-inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species and mobilization of leucocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of xenon on the inflammatory response during cardiac surgery.

Methods
This randomized trial enrolled 30 patients who underwent elective on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting in balanced anaesthesia of either xenon or sevoflurane. For this secondary analysis, blood samples were drawn prior to the operation, intra-operatively and on the first post-operative day to measure the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8/C-X-C motif ligand 8 (IL-8/CXCL8), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Chemokines such as C-X-C motif ligand 12/ stromal cell-derived factor-1α (CXCL12/SDF-1α) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were measured to characterize xenon’s perioperative inflammatory profile and its impact on migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Results
Xenon enhanced the postoperative increase of IL-6 compared to sevoflurane (Xenon: 90.7 versus sevoflurane: 33.7 pg/ml; p = 0.035) and attenuated the increase of IL-10 (Xenon: 127.9 versus sevoflurane: 548.3 pg/ml; p = 0.028). Both groups demonstrated a comparable intraoperative increase of oxidative stress (intra-OP: p = 0.29; post-OP: p = 0.65). While both groups showed an intraoperative increase of the cardioprotective mediators MIF and CXCL12/SDF-1α, only MIF levels decreased in the xenon group on the first postoperative day (50.0 ng/ml compared to 23.3 ng/ml; p = 0.012), whereas it remained elevated after sevoflurane anaesthesia (58.3 ng/ml to 53.6 ng/ml). Effects of patients’ serum on chemotactic migration of peripheral mononuclear blood cells taken from healthy volunteers indicated a tendency towards enhanced migration after sevoflurane anaesthesia (p = 0.07).

Conclusions
Compared to sevoflurane, balanced xenon anaesthesia triggers pro-inflammatory effects and suppresses the anti-inflammatory response in cardiac surgery patients even though the clinical significance remains unknown.

Trial registration
This clinical trial was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EudraCT-number: 2010-023942-63) and at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01285271; first received: January 24, 2011).
Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in suspected community-acquired pneumonia adults visiting emergency department and having a systematic thoracic CT scan
Authors: Le Bel Josselin , Hausfater Pierre , Chenevier-Gobeaux Camille , Blanc François-Xavier , Benjoar Mikhael , Ficko Cécile , Ray Patrick , Choquet Christophe , Duval Xavier , Claessens Yann-Erick ,   on behalf of the ESCAPED study group
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requires prompt treatment, but its diagnosis is complex. Improvement of bacterial CAP diagnosis by biomarkers has been evaluated using chest X-ray infiltrate as the CAP gold standard, producing conflicting results. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers in suspected CAP adults visiting emergency departments for whom CAP diagnosis was established by an adjudication committee which founded its judgment on a systematic multidetector thoracic CT scan.

Methods
In an ancillary study of a multi-center prospective study evaluating the impact of systematic thoracic CT scan on CAP diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were evaluated. Systematic nasopharyngeal multiplex respiratory virus PCR was performed at inclusion. An adjudication committee classified CAP diagnostic probability on a 4-level Likert scale, based on all available data.

Results
Two hundred patients with suspected CAP were analyzed. The adjudication committee classified 98 patients (49.0 %) as definite CAP, 8 (4.0 %) as probable, 23 (11.5 %) as possible and excluded in 71 (35.5 %, including 29 patients with pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray). Among patients with radiological pulmonary infiltrate, 23 % were finally classified as excluded. Viruses were identified by PCR in 29 % of patients classified as definite. Area under the curve was 0.787 [95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 0.717 to 0.857] for CRP and 0.655 (95 % CI, 0.570 to 0.739) for PCT to detect definite CAP. CRP threshold at 50 mg/L resulted in a positive predictive value of 0.76 and a negative predictive value of 0.75. No PCT cut-off resulted in satisfactory positive or negative predictive values. CRP and PCT accuracy was not improved by exclusion of the 25 (25.5 %) definite viral CAP cases.

Conclusions
For patients with suspected CAP visiting emergency departments, diagnostic accuracy of CRP and PCT are insufficient to confirm the CAP diagnosis established using a gold standard that includes thoracic CT scan. Diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers is also insufficient to distinguish bacterial CAP from viral CAP.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov registry NCT01574066 (February 7, 2012)
Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FAS pathway and acute kidney injury
Authors: Bhatraju Pavan , Hsu Christine , Mukherjee Paramita , Glavan Bradford J. , Burt Amber , Mikacenic Carmen , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Wurfel Mark 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction
To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FAS and related genes are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods
We studied 401 (Caucasian N = 310 and African-American N = 91) patients aged ≥ 13 years with ALI who enrolled in the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) between 2000 and 2005 from 20 North American centers. We genotyped 367 SNPs in 45 genes of the Fas/Fas ligand pathway to identify associations between SNPs in Fas pathway genes and the development of AKI by day 2 after enrollment in FACTT, adapting Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from participants or legally authorized surrogates in the original FACTT study and available to use for secondary analysis.

Results
In Caucasian patients, we identified associations between two SNPs and the incidence of AKI (stage 1 and above): rs1050851 and rs2233417; both are found within the gene for nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (NFKBIA). For rs1050851 and rs2233417, the odds ratios (ORs) were 2.34 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.58–3.46, p = 1.06 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) and 2.46 (CI = 1.61–3.76, p = 1.81 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) for each minor allele, respectively. The associations were stronger still for AKIN stage 2–3 with respective ORs 4.00 (CI = 2.10–7.62, p = 1.05 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) and 4.03 (CI = 2.09–7.77, p = 1.88 × 10−5, FDR = 0.003) for each minor allele homozygote. We observed no significant association between these SNPs and AKI in the smaller subset of African Americans.

Conclusion
In Caucasian patients with ALI, the presence of minor alleles in two SNPs in NFKBIA was strongly associated with the development of AKI.

Trial registration
NCT00281268. Registered 20/01/2006.
Human in vitro induced T regulatory cells and memory T cells share common demethylation of specific FOXP3 promoter region
Authors: Bégin Philippe , Schulze Janika , Baron Udo , Olek Sven , Bauer Rebecca N. , Passerini Laura , Baccheta Rosa , Nadeau Kari C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe FOXP3 gene is the master regulator for T regulatory cells and is under tight DNA methylation control at the Treg specific demethylated region (TSDR) in its first intron. This said, methylation of its promoter region, the significance of which is unknown, has also been associated with various immune‐related disease states such as asthma, food allergy, auto‐immunity and cancer. Here, we used induced T regulatory cells (iTreg) as a target cell population to identify candidate hypomethylated CpG sites in the FOXP3 gene promoter to design a DNA methylation quantitative assay for this region.FindingsThree CpG sites at the promoter region showed clear demethylation pattern associated with high FOXP3 expression after activation in presence of TGFβ and were selected as primary targets to design methylation‐dependent RT‐PCR primers and probes. We then examined the methylation of this ‘inducible‐promoter‐demethylated‐region’ (IPDR) in various FOXP3+ T cell subsets. Both naïve and memory thymic‐derived Treg cells were found to be fully demethylated at both the IPDR and TSDR. Interestingly, in addition to iTregs, both CD25− and CD25lo conventional memory CD4+CD45RA− T cells displayed a high fraction of IPDR demethylated cells in absence of TSDR demethylation.ConclusionThis implies that the fraction of memory T cells should be taken in account when interpreting FOXP3 promoter methylation results from clinical studies. This approach, which is available for testing in clinical samples could have diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with immune or auto‐inflammatory diseases.