bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive and antidiarrheal effects of pioglitazone in a rat model of diarrhoea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: Role of nitric oxide
Authors: Paragomi Pedram , Rahimian Reza , Kazemi Mohammad Hossein , Gharedaghi Mohammad Hadi , Khalifeh‐Soltani Amin , Azary Saeedeh , Javidan Abbas Norouzi , Moradi Kamran , Sakuma Stephen , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent disease characterized by abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits. Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonist and, although it is mostly used as an antidiabetic agent, it has been reported to have analgesic effects. Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous molecule that mediates many of the effects of pioglitazone, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on symptoms in a rat model of diarrhoea‐predominant IBS (D‐IBS).and to determine the role of NO in these effects.

Diarrhoea‐predominant IBS was induced by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid. Pioglitazone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on Days 7, 9 and 11 after acetic acid instillation. To investigate the mechanism involved in pioglitazone action, rats were also administered either the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (3 mg/kg, i.p.), the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME; 10 mg/kg, i.p.) or the NO precursor l‐arginine (250 mg/kg, i.p.) along with pioglitazone. Visceral hypersensitivity, nociceptive thresholds, defecation frequency, stool form, serum and colon NO production and inducible (i) NOS activity were assessed 1 h after the final injection of pioglitazone or dimethylsulphoxide (used as the vehicle).

Pioglitazone reduced visceral hypersensitivity and defecation frequency, increased nociceptive thresholds, NO production and iNOS activity and shifted stool form towards hard stools in D‐IBS rats. These effects of pioglitazone were significantly reversed by l‐NAME, but not GW9662. l‐Arginine augmented the effects of pioglitazone.

In conclusion, pioglitazone alleviates symptoms in a rat model of D‐IBS through an NO‐dependent mechanism.
The Dortmund Case — On the Enactment of an Urban Economic Imaginary
Authors: Jonas Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLaunched in the year 2000, the so‐called Dortmund Project was a 10‐year local development initiative aimed at creating 70,000 new jobs and redeveloping the old industrial sites in Dortmund, a city in the Ruhr area of Germany. The project's proclaimed vision of a ‘new Dortmund’ is seen as a part of a new imaginary. This article uses a praxeological perspective to work out the enactment practices in this imaginary, viewing them as various nexuses of doings and sayings. In doing so, it stresses the relevance of the production and influence of different reports in this process and seeks to offer an insight into the complexity of the setting in which this imaginary was enacted.
Cultural Cooperation, Institution Building and Metropolitan Governance in Decentralizing Indonesia
Authors: Hudalah Delik , Firman Tommy , Woltjer Johan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe institutional turn in metropolitan governance has been influenced to a considerable degree by a rational choice approach, which views metropolitan governance as essentially created by local actors to reduce the transaction costs of inter‐jurisdictional public‐service provision. Another influential theoretical route follows a historical approach, which emphasizes the role of the state structure in producing formal institutions to enable governance at the regional level. Both approaches tend to be formalistic, simplistic and deterministic in nature, thus neglecting the dynamic interactions between the actors and their more informal, intangible, yet more basic, legitimate institutions, such as culture. This article examines the dynamic role of culture in metropolitan governance building in the context of decentralizing Indonesia. The analysis focuses on ‘best‐practice’ experiences of metropolitan cooperation in greater Yogyakarta, where three neighbouring local governments known as Kartamantul have collaboratively performed cross‐border infrastructure development to deal with the consequences of extended urbanization. We draw on sociological institutionalism to argue that building this metropolitan cooperation has its roots in the capacity of the actors to use and mobilize culture as a resource for collaborative action.
Associations between self‐reported sleep duration and sleeping disorder with concentrations of fasting and 2‐h glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin among adults without diagnosed diabetes (在未诊断糖尿病的成年人中自我报告的睡眠时间、睡眠障碍与空腹及餐后2小时血糖、胰岛素以及糖化血红蛋白浓度之间的关系)
Authors: Ford Earl S. , Wheaton Anne G. , Chapman Daniel P. , Li Chaoyang , Perry Geraldine S. , Croft Janet B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information from population‐based investigations of the associations between sleep duration and sleep disorders and parameters of glucose homeostasis. The objective of the present study was to examine cross‐sectional associations between sleep duration and sleep disordered breathing with concentrations of insulin, fasting and 2‐h glucose, and HbA1c.MethodsData from 11 815 adults aged ≥20 years without diagnosed diabetes (5002 with an oral glucose tolerance test) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010 were used. Information about sleep duration (2005–2010) and sleep apnea and sleep‐disordered breathing (2005–2008) was obtained via questionnaire.ResultsAn estimated 36.0% of participants reported sleeping ≤6 h/night, 62.0% reported sleeping 7–9 h/night, and 2.0% reported sleeping ≥10 h/night. In 2005–2008, 33.0% reported snoring ≥5 nights per week, 5.9% reported they snorted, gasped, or stopped breathing ≥5 nights/week, and 4.2% reported sleep apnea. Sleep duration was significantly associated with fasting concentrations of insulin and concentrations of HbA1c only in models that did not adjust for body mass index (BMI). Concentrations of fasting and 2‐h glucose were significantly associated with sleep duration in models that adjusted only for age. Snoring frequency was positively associated with concentrations of insulin and HbA1c. Frequency of snorting or stopping breathing and sleep apnea status were associated with concentrations of insulin and of HbA1c only when BMI was not accounted for.ConclusionIn a representative sample of US adults, concentrations of insulin and HbA1c were significantly associated with short sleep duration, possibly mediated by BMI.
Use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and bone fractures: A meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (胰高血糖素样肽‐1受体激动剂的使用与骨折的关系：一项对随机临床试验的meta分析)
Authors: Mabilleau Guillaume , Mieczkowska Aleksandra , Chappard Daniel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of bone fractures independent of the use of antidiabetic medications. Furthermore, antidiabetic medications could directly affect bone metabolism. Recently, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors has been associated with a lower rate of bone fracture. The aim of the present meta‐analysis was to assess whether patients with T2DM treated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1Ra) present a lower incidence of bone fracture compared with patients using other antidiabetic drugs.MethodsA search on Medline, Embase, and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, as well as a manual search for randomized clinical trials of T2DM treated with either a GLP‐1Ra or another antidiabetic drug for a duration of ≥24 weeks was conducted by two authors (GM, AM) independently.ResultsAlthough 28 eligible studies were identified, only seven trials reported the occurrence of at least a bone fracture in one arm of the trial. The total number of fractures was 19 (13 and six with GLP‐1Ra and comparator, respectively). The pooled Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio for GLP‐1Ra was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.28–2.02, P = 0.569) in trials versus other antidiabetic agents.ConclusionsAlthough preliminary, our study highlighted that the use of GLP‐1Ra does not modify the risk of bone fracture in T2DM compared with the use of other antidiabetic medications.
A DNA mini‐barcode for land plants
Authors: Little Damon P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSmall portions of the barcode region – mini‐barcodes – may be used in place of full‐length barcodes to overcome DNA degradation for samples with poor DNA preservation. 591,491,286 rbcL mini‐barcode primer combinations were electronically evaluated for PCR universality, and two novel highly universal sets of priming sites were identified. Novel and published rbcL mini‐barcode primers were evaluated for PCR amplification [determined with a validated electronic simulation (n = 2765) and empirically (n = 188)], Sanger sequence quality [determined empirically (n = 188)], and taxonomic discrimination [determined empirically (n = 30 472)]. PCR amplification for all mini‐barcodes, as estimated by validated electronic simulation, was successful for 90.2–99.8% of species. Overall Sanger sequence quality for mini‐barcodes was very low – the best mini‐barcode tested produced sequences of adequate quality (B20 ≥ 0.5) for 74.5% of samples. The majority of mini‐barcodes provide correct identifications of families in excess of 70.1% of the time. Discriminatory power noticeably decreased at lower taxonomic levels. At the species level, the discriminatory power of the best mini‐barcode was less than 38.2%. For samples believed to contain DNA from only one species, an investigator should attempt to sequence, in decreasing order of utility and probability of success, mini‐barcodes F (rbcL1/rbcLB), D (F52/R193) and K (F517/R604). For samples believed to contain DNA from more than one species, an investigator should amplify and sequence mini‐barcode D (F52/R193).
Diagnosed open‐angle glaucoma in screened versus unscreened subjects–a long‐term age cohort study
Authors: Åström Siv , Stenlund Hans , Lindén Christina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and compare the cumulative incidence of diagnosed open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) in an age cohort of elderly people, of which one group was screened.MethodsCohort study comprising all 856 individuals born in 1915 and living in the municipality of Skellefteå in 1981. A randomly selected subgroup of the cohort (40%) was repeatedly screened, and suspected OAG cases were followed until 2002 for the development of OAG. Medical records were collected and analysed for OAG. The numbers of OAG cases were compared between the screened group and the remaining part of the cohort (the unscreened group).ResultsThe cohort consisted of 339 screened and 517 unscreened persons. Before 1981, there were six known cases of OAG in the screened group and nine cases in the unscreened group. During the follow‐up from 1981 to 2002, there were 33 new cases in the screened group and 31 new cases of OAG in the unscreened group. The incidence of diagnosed OAG in women was higher in the screened group than in the unscreened group, incidence rate ratio = 1.94 (p = 0.035). In contrast, the cumulative incidence of diagnosed OAG in men was similar in the two groups (p = 0.58). For the whole population, there was no significant difference (p = 0.053).ConclusionIn this population with a high prevalence of PEX and increased risk for glaucoma, there was a non‐significant difference between the screened and unscreened groups regarding the proportion of diagnosed OAG. The failure to reach significance may be due to the limited sample size. OAG was diagnosed twice as often among women in the screened group than in the unscreened group.
Foetal and placental 11β‐HSD2: a hub for developmental programming
Authors: Cottrell E. C. , Seckl J. R. , Holmes M. C. , Wyrwoll C. S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFoetal growth restriction (FGR), reflective of an adverse intrauterine environment, confers a significantly increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. In addition, low birthweight associates with adult diseases including hypertension, metabolic dysfunction and behavioural disorders. A key mechanism underlying FGR is exposure of the foetus to glucocorticoids which, while critical for foetal development, in excess can reduce foetal growth and permanently alter organ structure and function, predisposing to disease in later life. Foetal glucocorticoid exposure is regulated, at least in part, by the enzyme 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β‐HSD2), which catalyses the intracellular inactivation of glucocorticoids. This enzyme is highly expressed within the placenta at the maternal–foetal interface, limiting the passage of glucocorticoids to the foetus. Expression of 11β‐HSD2 is also high in foetal tissues, particularly within the developing central nervous system. Down‐regulation or genetic deficiency of placental 11β‐HSD2 is associated with significant reductions in foetal growth and birth weight, and programmed outcomes in adulthood. To unravel the direct significance of 11β‐HSD2 for developmental programming, placental function, neurodevelopment and adult behaviour have been extensively investigated in a mouse knockout of 11β‐HSD2. This review highlights the evidence obtained from this mouse model for a critical role of feto‐placental 11β‐HSD2 in determining the adverse programming outcomes.
Superoxide anions involved in sympathoexcitation and pressor effects of salusin‐β in paraventricular nucleus in hypertensive rats
Authors: Sun H.‐J. , Zhang L.‐L. , Fan Z.‐D. , Chen D. , Zhang L. , Gao X.‐Y. , Kang Y.‐M. , Zhu G.‐Q. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsSalusin‐β in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increases renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) release in hypertensive rats but not in normal rats. The present study was designed to investigate the downstream molecular mechanism of salusin‐β in the PVN in hypertension.MethodRenovascular hypertension was induced by two‐kidney, one‐clip (2K1C) in male SD rats. Acute experiments were carried out 4 weeks after 2K1C or sham operation under anaesthesia.ResultsMrgA1 mRNA expression and salusin‐β level in the PVN as well as plasma salusin‐β level were increased in 2K1C rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of salusin‐β increased the RSNA, MAP and HR in 2K1C rats, which were abolished by the pre‐treatment with polyethylene glycol–superoxide dismutase (PEG‐SOD), the superoxide anion scavenger tempol, the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin or the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (CLC), but not affected by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the Mas receptor antagonist A‐779, the NOS inhibitor L‐NAME or the GABAA and GABAB receptor antagonists gabazine+CGP‐35348. Salusin‐β‐induced increases in superoxide anion level and NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the PVN were abolished by the PVN pre‐treatment with CLC. Salusin‐β increased AVP levels in rostral ventrolateral medulla and plasma, which were prevented by the pre‐treatment with PEG‐SOD, apocynin or CLC in 2K1C rats. Salusin‐β augmented the enhanced activity of PKC in the PVN in 2K1C rats.ConclusionProtein kinase C‐NAD(P)H oxidase‐superoxide anions pathway in the PVN is involved in salusin‐β‐induced sympathetic activation, pressor response and AVP release in renovascular hypertension.
Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration with en bloc lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for advanced primary rectal cancer
Authors: Mukai Toshiki , Akiyoshi Takashi , Ueno Masashi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Nagayama Satoshi , Fujimoto Yoshiya , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Ikeda Atsushi , Yamaguchi Toshiharu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTotal pelvic exenteration (TPE) may be the only procedure that can cure T4 rectal cancer that directly invades the urinary bladder or prostate. Here, we describe our experience of laparoscopic TPE with en bloc lateral lymph node dissection for advanced primary rectal cancer. A 62‐year‐old man diagnosed with advanced lower rectal cancer (T4bN0M0) underwent laparoscopic TPE with en bloc lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Ligation of the dorsal vein complex was performed under direct visualization through the perineal approach, and the large perineal defect was reconstructed using bilateral V‐Y advancement of the gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flaps. The ileal conduit was constructed extracorporeally through an extended umbilical port that was extended to 4 cm. The total operative time was 831 min and estimated blood loss was 600 mL. Laparoscopic TPE appears to be safe and feasible in selected patients.
Gastric cancer after mini‐gastric bypass surgery: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Chun‐Chi , Lee Wei‐Jei , Ser Kong‐Han , Chen Jung‐Chien , Tsou Jun‐Juin , Chen Shu‐Chun , Kuan Wai‐Sang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGastric cancer in the stomach after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass or mini‐gastric bypass is rare, but a few cases have been reported since 1991, when the first case emerged. According to the literature, the interval between bypass surgery and the diagnosis of cancer ranged from 1 to 22 years. Given the difficulty of monitoring a bypassed stomach, the potential for gastric cancer must be considered, especially in countries with high incidence of this cancer. The literature reported the first case in the Asia–Pacific region – a woman developed advanced gastric cancer in her stomach 9 years after laparoscopic mini‐gastric bypass for morbid obesity.
Population dynamics of feral horses (Equus caballus) following above‐average rainfall in a semi‐arid environment of Australia
Authors: Kampmann S , Hampson BA , Pollitt CC 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundRecent record rainfall in much of semi‐arid Central Australia is the most likely reason for a feral horse population increase in excess of normal. Uncontrolled numbers of feral horses have habitat degradation and animal welfare implications.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate the social structure of feral horses and assess their population growth rate following unseasonably high rainfall.MethodsThe study area was 4000 km2 of unmanaged, semi‐arid country in Central Australia (latitude 24.50°S, longitude 132.10°E). Horses were identified by descriptive features from ground searches, movement‐activated cameras and ‘hides’ positioned at key water holes. Wherever possible, sex and age categories were documented. Population growth rate was estimated by the number of foals divided by the number of horses older than 1 year in the observed population.ResultsA total of 1424 horses were identified and categorised, of which 335 were foals born within the current year. Only 123 juveniles were identified. Of the adult horses, 53.4% were male and 46.6% were female and this differed from parity (P = 0.04). Of the mares, 71.9% had a foal at foot and the population growth rate was 29.5%.ConclusionsWith a sustained population growth rate of 29.5%, this population of feral horses will more than double within 3 years. The high population increase will likely have a detrimental effect on native fauna and flora and the fragile, semi‐arid ecosystems of Central Australia. After a period of high rainfall and plentiful resources, ‘normal’ drought conditions will return and many feral horses will starve and die as they compete for limited resources.
Role of maternal elimination diets and human milk IgA in the development of cow's milk allergy in the infants
Authors: Järvinen K. M. , Westfall J. E. , Seppo M. S. , James A. K. , Tsuang A. J. , Feustel P. J. , Sampson H. A. , Berin C. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe role of maternal avoidance diets in the prevention of food allergies is currently under debate. Little is known regarding the effects of such diets on human milk (HM) composition or induction of infant humoral responses.ObjectiveTo assess the association of maternal cow's milk (CM) avoidance during breastfeeding with specific IgA levels in HM and development of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in infants.MethodsWe utilized HM and infant serum samples from a prospective birth cohort of 145 dyads. Maternal serum and HM samples were assessed for casein and beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG)‐specific IgA and IgG by ELISA; 21 mothers prophylactically initiated a strict maternal CM avoidance diet due to a sibling's history of food allergy and 16 due to atopic eczema or regurgitation/vomiting seen in their infants within the first 3 months of life. Infants' sera were assessed for casein and BLG‐specific IgG, IgA and IgE; CMA was confirmed by an oral food challenge. The impact of HM on BLG uptake was assessed in transcytosis assays utilizing Caco‐2 intestinal epithelial cell line.ResultsMothers avoiding CM had lower casein‐ and BLG‐specific IgA in HM than mothers with no CM restriction (P = 0.019 and P = 0.047). Their infants had lower serum casein‐ and BLG‐specific IgG1 (P = 0.025 and P < 0.001) and BLG‐specific IgG4 levels (P = 0.037), and their casein‐ and BLG‐specific IgA levels were less often detectable than those with no CM elimination diet (P = 0.003 and P = 0.007). Lower CM‐specific IgG4 and IgA levels in turn were associated with infant CMA. Transcytosis of BLG was impaired by HM with high, but not low levels of specific IgA.ConclusionsMaternal CM avoidance was associated with lower levels of mucosal‐specific IgA levels and the development of CMA in infants.Clinical relevanceHM IgA may play a role in preventing excessive, uncontrolled food antigen uptake in the gut lumen and thereby in the prevention of CMA.