bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shedding of polyomavirus in the saliva of immunocompetent individuals
Authors: Robaina Tatiana F. , Mendes Gabriella S. , Benati Fabrício J. , Pena Giselle A. , Silva Raquel C. , Montes Miguel A.R. , Janini Maria Elisa R. , Câmara Fernando P. , Santos Norma 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate and compare the frequency of BKV, JCV, WUV, and KIV in the saliva of healthy individuals. Samples were analyzed for the presence of polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV, WUV, and KIV) DNA by real‐time PCR. Of the 291 samples tested, 71 (24.3%) were positive for at least one of the screened polyomaviruses. Specifically, 12.7% (37/291) were positive for WUV, 7.2% (21/291) positive for BKV, 2.4% (7/291) positive for KIV, and 0.3% (1/291) positive for JCV. BKV and WUV co‐infections were detected in 1.7% (5/291) of individuals. No other co‐infection combinations were found. The mean number of DNA copies was high, particularly for WUV and BKV, indicating active replication of these viruses. Polyomavirus detection was higher among individuals 15–19 years of age (46.0%; 23/50) and ≥50 years of age (33.3%; 9/27). However, the detection rate in the first group was almost 1.7× greater than the latter. WUV infections were more frequent in individuals between the ages of 15 and 19 years and the incidence decreased with age. By contrast, BKV excretion peaked and persisted during the third decade of life and KIV infections were detected more commonly in subjects ≥50 years old. These findings reinforced the previous hypotheses that saliva may be a route for BKV transmission, and that the oral cavity could be a site of virus replication. These data also demonstrated that JCV, WUV, and KIV may be transmitted in a similar fashion. J. Med. Virol. 85:144–148, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new paradigm for the diagnosis and management of unknown primary tumors of the head and neck: A role for transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Mehta Vikas , Johnson Paul , Tassler Andrew , Kim Seungwon , Ferris Robert L. , Nance Melonie , Johnson Jonas T. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:In 2% to 3% of patients with cancer metastatic to cervical lymph nodes, a primary tumor will not be found despite exhaustive diagnostic efforts. The treatment for these patients includes cervical lymphadenectomy followed by radiation to areas with increased risk of harboring a mucosal primary. Wide‐field radiation therapy increases the incidence of xerostomia and dysphagia. Localizing a primary tumor has thus both therapeutic and quality‐of‐life implications, allowing possible complete surgical excision, concentrated radiation therapy, and potential deintensification of adjuvant therapy. With improved visualization and freedom of motion, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an innovative surgical modality that allows resection of oropharyngeal subsites with minimal morbidity.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Ten patients with unknown primary tumors of the head and neck were identified. All patients underwent a cervical biopsy, positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography, formal endoscopy, and bilateral tonsillectomy. When the initial endoscopy and biopsies did not localize a primary tumor, all patients underwent transoral robotic base of tongue resection.Results:Evaluation of the patients' oropharyngeal mucosa using the robot did not reveal an obvious lesion and no palpable tumors were appreciated in the resected specimens. In 9/10 (90%) patients, pathologic examination revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) with a mean diameter of 0.9 cm.Conclusions:Unknown primary SCCA presents a diagnostic challenge to the head and neck surgeon. We present a small series of tumors that would have been treated as unknown primaries under traditional diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. TORS base of tongue resection identified primary tumors in 90% patients with minimal morbidity. Laryngoscope, 2013
Quality of life of oropharyngeal cancer patients with respect to treatment strategy and p16‐positivity
Authors: Broglie Martina A. , Soltermann Alex , Haile Sarah R. , Röösli Christof , Huber Gerhard F. , Schmid Stephan , Stoeckli Sandro J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess the quality of life in long‐term survivors with oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC), compare the results with our historic cohort in relation to the radiation technique, and explore the influence of treatment strategy and p16 expression on quality of life (QoL).Study Design:Retrospective chart analysis and patient response to EORTC QLQ‐C30 and EORTC QLQ‐H&N35 survey questionnaires.Methods:98/120 (82%) survivors treated by primary intensity modulated chemoradiation (n = 55), or surgery with (n = 30) or without (n = 13) adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), completed and returned the questionnaires.Results:Surgically treated patients complained about significantly less troubles with dry mouth and teeth compared to the nonsurgically treated group. Comparing patients treated with surgery alone and those receiving any kind of RT (primary or adjuvant) the latter group complained about significantly more problems. Patients with p16‐positive tumors demonstrated significantly higher tumor stages, but significantly better scores in physical and role functions.Conclusions:Early disease can be treated with high long‐term QoL by surgery alone. Primary surgery with postoperative RT in selected patients with limited primary tumors and advanced neck disease renders excellent QoL. Our results suggest that IMRT is superior to former radiation techniques with regard to QoL, and should be considered as standard of care in patients undergoing RT for OPSCC. Patients with p16 positive tumors appear to show not only a better outcome but also report on a better QoL. Laryngoscope, 2013
Test/retest repeatability of effect contralateral acoustic stimulation on the magnitudes of distortion product ototacoustic emissions
Authors: Kumar U. Ajith , Methi Raksha , Avinash M. C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Contralateral inhibition of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) has become an important tool to assess the functioning of the medial olivocochlear efferents in humans. However, before this measurement can be applied clinically, the test/retest repeatability needs to be established. Therefore, the current study aimed at evaluating intra‐ and intersession test/retest repeatability of contralateral inhibition of DPOAE at 2f1–f2.Study Design:Prospective Test/Retest Reliability Study.Methods:Contralateral inhibition of DPOAE magnitudes were measured in the right ear of 24 adult male participants. To assess the intrasession repeatability, measurements were repeated without altering the position of the DPOAE probe (single‐probe‐fit). To assess intersession reliability, measurements were repeated on 8 different days (multiple‐probe‐fit). Repeatability of inhibition of DPOAE magnitudes was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, interclass correlations, standard error of measurement, and its 95% confidence interval and smallest detectable difference.Results:DPOAE magnitudes were highly stable and repeatable across different recording sessions. However, test/retest reliability coefficients of DPOAE inhibition magnitudes were less than satisfactory for all the frequencies, in both single‐probe‐fit and multiple‐probe‐fit modes.Conclusions:Results of the present study showed that contralateral inhibition magnitudes of DPOAEs varied considerably, even though DPOAEs magnitudes remained essentially the same across different recording sessions. As reliability is an essential aspect of any clinical procedure, it is suggested that at present contralateral inhibition of DPOAEs should not be used clinically to evaluate the medial efferent system. Laryngoscope, 2012
Influence of fluorinated substituent and terminal length on phase behavior of mesogen‐jacketed liquid crystalline polymers with a biphenyl mesogen
Authors: Jiang Guoliang , Cai Huanhuan , Shen Zhihao , Fan Xinghe , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of mesogen‐jacketed liquid crystalline polymers, poly{2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl 4′‐hydroxy‐2‐vinylbiphenyl‐4‐carboxylate} (PF3Cm, where m is the number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy groups, and m = 1, 4, 6, and 8), the side chain of which contains a biphenyl core with a fluorocarbon substituent at one end and an alkoxy unit of varying length on the other end, were designed and successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. For comparison, poly{butyl 4′‐hydroxy‐2‐vinylbiphenyl‐4‐carboxylate} (PC4Cm), similar to PF3Cm but with a butyl group instead of the fluorocarbon substituent, was also prepared. Differential scanning calorimetric results reveal that the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of the two series of polymers decrease as m increases and Tgs of the fluorocarbon‐substituted polymers are higher than those of the corresponding butyl‐substituted polymers. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements show that the mesophase structures of these polymers are dependent on the number of the carbon atoms in the fluorocarbon substituent and the property of the other terminal substituent. Polymers with fluorocarbon substituents enter into columnar nematic phases when m ≥ 4, whereas the polymer PF3C1 exhibits no liquid crystallinity. For polymers with butyl substituents, columnar nematic phases form when the number of carbon atoms at both ends of the side chain is not equal at high temperatures and disappear after the polymers are cooled to ambient temperature. However, when the polymer has the same number of carbon atoms at both ends of the side chain, a hexagonal columnar phase develops, and this phase remains after the polymer is cooled. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Multifunctional amphiphilic siloxane architectures using sequential, metal‐free click ligations
Authors: Rambarran Talena , Gonzaga Ferdinand , Brook Michael A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPolysiloxanes or silicones are a class of macromolecules widely used in commerce because of their exceptional properties. Their derivatization leads to functional silicones with added value and properties, such as surfactants and liquid crystals, among many others. However, most silicone surfactants are monofunctional, owing to the synthetic challenges associated with the introduction of multiple functional groups onto the hydrolytically sensitive siloxane backbone. Thus, general routes to surface active silicones with multiple and different functional groups are not available. Herein, a synthetic strategy is reported that permits sequential derivatization of silicones with hydrophiles including oligo(ethylene oxides), carboxylic acids, and bromoalkylesters using a simple metal‐free Click reaction: the process benefits from mild conditions, extremely high yields and does not generate any by‐products, allowing the facile preparation of di‐ and trifunctional silicones that could not be readily obtained using traditional methods. The products exhibit amphiphilic characteristics as demonstrated through interfacial tension measurements that yielded the critical aggregation concentration of selected compounds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Shear-strengthening of reinforced & prestressed concrete beams using FRP: Part I — Review of previous research
Authors: Ary Moustapha Ibrahim , Kang Thomas H. -K. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) are used to enhance the behavior of structural components in either shear or flexure. The research conducted in this paper was mainly focused on the shear-strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams using FRP. The main objective of the research was to identify the parameters affecting the shear capacity provided by FRP and evaluate the accuracy of analytical models. A review of prior experimental data showed that the available analytical models used to estimate the added shear capacity of FRP struggle to provide a unified design equation that can predict accurately the shear contribution of externally applied FRP. In this study, the ACI 440.2R-081 model and the model developed by Triantafillou and Antonopoulos2 were compared with the prior experimental data. Both analytical models failed to provide a satisfactory prediction of the FRP shear capacity. This study provides insights into potential reasons for the unsatisfactory prediction.
Effects of functional impairment on internalizing symptom trajectories in adolescence: A longitudinal, growth curve modelling study
Authors: Cleverley Kristin , Bennett Kathryn , Duku Eric 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that psychosocial and functional impairment has long been acknowledged as an important aspect of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, relatively little is known about the longitudinal relationship between psychiatric symptoms and functional impairment. This is particularly true in childhood and adolescence. Understanding how symptoms relate to functional impairment is of great importance to clinicians and researchers as it is essential to nosology, treatment, and prognosis. This study sought to understand the developmental relationship between internalizing symptoms, functional impairment and gender in a sample of youth aged 10–15 using growth curve methods. Key findings indicate that the presence of functional impairment was associated with increased baseline internalizing symptoms scores but had no effect on the slope of internalizing symptoms trajectories during adolescence. The study highlights that the association between internalizing symptoms and functional impairment appears to be constant, linear and does not vary by gender.
The Use of Dynamic Computed Tomographic Angiography Ancillary to the Diagnosis of Brain Death
Authors: Chakraborty Santanu , Kenny Stephanie A. , Adas Reem A. 
Published: November 2012

Objective Global absence of cerebral circulation is an important ancillary test for brain death when the diagnosis cannot be confirmed clinically. A number of imaging methods are available to assess cerebral circulation; however, new techniques are sought to improve on limitations of the current tests. Dynamic computed tomographic angiography (dCTA) is a novel technique that enables dynamic noninvasive imaging of cerebral blood flow. Materials and Methods We present the use of dCTA in 3 cases as a corroboratory tool to diagnose brain death. Analysis of our findings suggest that it is a reliable technique for demonstrating the lack of intracranial blood flow, with many advantages over other current methods. Conclusion A dCTA may be used to reliably demonstrate the lack of cerebral blood flow in patients with suspected brain death.
The Impact of Economic and Cultural Cues on Support for Immigration in Canada and the United States
Authors: Harell Allison , Soroka Stuart , Iyengar Shanto , Valentino Nicholas 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.Past research suggests that citizens' attitudes toward immigration are driven by perceptions of immigrants' (a) economic status and (b) ethnicity. In this study, we use an online survey conducted with a representative sample of Canadians to test to what extent economic and cultural cues influence support for individual immigrants. In particular, by drawing on a parallel US survey, we explore whether Canadians' relatively unique (positive) attitudes toward immigration make them more immune to economic and cultural threat manipulations than their American counterparts. The analysis is based on an experimental design embedded in a series of immigrant vignettes that vary the ethnoracial background and social status of an individual applying for immigration. We examine overall support for immigration, as well as the extent to which both ethnic and economic status cues affect support for individual immigrants. We also explore variance within Canada, specifically, in Quebec versus the rest of the country. Results offer new and unique information on the structure of attitudes on diversity and immigration in Canada. Most importantly, they suggest the relative importance of economic cues in support for immigration in both countries.Résumé.Divers travaux de recherche ont suggéré que les attitudes des citoyens au sujet de l'immigration sont influencées par leur perception (a) du statut économique et (b) de l'ethnie des immigrants. Afin de tenter de savoir jusqu'à quel point les informations socioéconomiques et culturelles ont effectivement un impact sur le soutien des citoyens envers les immigrants, la présente étude fait usage d'un sondage mené en ligne avec un échantillon représentatif de la population canadienne. En nous appuyant sur un sondage américain similaire, nous cherchons plus précisément à savoir si l'attitude (positive) relativement unique des Canadiens vis-à-vis de l'immigration les rend moins susceptibles d'être manipulés par l'évocation de menaces économiques et culturelles que leurs voisins américains. Notre analyse se fonde sur une expérience utilisant une série de vignettes qui modifient les caractéristiques ethnoraciales ainsi que le statut social d'un individu procédant à une demande d'immigration. Nous examinons non seulement le soutien pour l'immigration en général, mais aussi la mesure dans laquelle les informations relatives à l'ethnie et au statut économique d'un immigrant affectent le soutien que les citoyens lui offrent. Nous étudions aussi la variance à l'intérieur du Canada, plus spécifiquement entre le Québec et le reste du pays. Les résultats ainsi obtenus fournissent de l'information nouvelle et unique ayant trait à la structure des attitudes par rapport à la diversité et l'immigration au Canada. De surcroît, ces résultats suggèrent le rôle relativement important que jouent les informations d'ordre socioéconomique dans le soutien de l'immigration tant aux États-Unis qu'au Canada.
THE ISLAMIC POLICY OF PORTUGUESE COLONIAL MOZAMBIQUE, 1960–1973
Authors: MACHAQUEIRO MÁRIO 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTDrawing its information from different documents in Portuguese and French archives, this article examines the evolution of Portuguese colonial policies towards Islam, focusing on the special case of Mozambique. Such policies evolved from an attitude of neglect and open repression, prevalent in the early years of the colonial war that broke out in 1965, when Muslims were perceived as the main supporters of the anti-colonial guerrilla in northern Mozambique, to an approach that tried to isolate ‘African Muslims’ from foreign influences in order to align them with the Portuguese. The article analyses the latter strategy, assessing its successes and failures, and the contributions made by several of those who were involved.
FROM SACRED HISTORY TO THE HISTORY OF RELIGION: PAGANISM, JUDAISM, AND CHRISTIANITY IN EUROPEAN HISTORIOGRAPHY FROM REFORMATION TO ‘ENLIGHTENMENT’
Authors: LEVITIN DMITRI 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis essay is a critical historiographical overview of the recent literature on the writing of sacred history (history of the biblical Jews and early Christians) and history of religion in early modern Europe. It considers the rise of interest in this branch of intellectual history in the last decade, placing it in the context of the rise of the history of scholarship as a historical discipline. It then charts how the characterization of early modern history of religion as stale, pedantic, and blandly ‘orthodox’ until it was swept aside by a critical and heterodox ‘enlightenment’ is being revised, first in new approaches to early modern histories of biblical Judaism and historicizations of the Old Testament, second in new readings of early modern scholarship on primitive Christianity. It concludes by suggesting new avenues of research which divorce narratives of intellectual change from the linear and inconclusive emphasis on ‘enlightenment’, favouring an approach that conversely emphasizes the impact of confessionalization in creating a newly critical scholarly culture.
Grazing behaviour, herbage intake and animal performance of beef cattle heifers on marandu palisade grass subjected to intensities of continuous stocking management
Authors: DA SILVA S. C. , GIMENES F. M. A. , SARMENTO D. O. L. , SBRISSIA A. F. , OLIVEIRA D. E. , HERNADEZ-GARAY A. , PIRES A. V. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe ability to adapt to a range of edaphic conditions favours the widespread use of marandu palisade grass in high as well as low input systems of animal production in Brazil. However, little information exists regarding the influence of grazing management practices on sward structure and the carry-over effects on animal responses. The present experiment was planned to evaluate animal behaviour, herbage intake (HI) and nutritive value, herbage accumulation and body weight gain (BWG) of beef cattle heifers grazing marandu palisade grass subjected to intensities of continuous stocking management. Treatments corresponded to four sward surface heights (SSH: 100, 200, 300 and 400 mm) and were allocated to experimental units (1200 m2paddocks) according to a randomized complete block design with four replications. Herbage accumulation rate (HAR) varied with season of the year and SSH, with highest and lowest values recorded during summer and winter, respectively. During the summer, herbage accumulation was larger on swards managed at 200, 300 and 400 mm, with the opposite occurring during winter/early spring. Stocking rate (SR) and number of grazing days (GD) followed a similar seasonal pattern of variation, with values decreasing as SSH increased. Crude protein (CP) andin vitroorganic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of hand-plucked herbage decreased as SSH increased from 100 to 400 mm, while the inverse happened with BWG (from 0·190 to 0·930 kg/day, respectively). Bite mass (BM) increased and rate of biting and grazing time (GT) decreased as SSH increased, with daily HI being larger on tall (300 and 400 mm) relative to short (100 and 200 mm) swards. Grazing management affected the nutritive value and the amount of herbage consumed, particularly through changes in BM. However, variations in intake were relatively more important than variations in nutritive value in influencing animal performance, highlighting the importance of providing favourable harvest conditions for grazing animals by establishing adequate sward targets for management.
Application of Cathodoluminescence Microscopy and Spectroscopy in Geosciences
Authors: Götze Jens 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy are luminescence techniques with widespread applications in geosciences. Many rock-forming and accessory minerals show CL characteristics, which can be successfully used in geoscientific research. One of the most spectacular applications is the visualization of growth textures and other internal structures that are not discernable with other analytical techniques. In addition, information from CL imaging and spectroscopy can be used for the reconstruction of processes of mineral formation and alteration to provide information about the real structure of minerals and materials, and to prove the presence and type of lattice incorporation of several trace elements. In the present article, an overview about CL properties of selected minerals is given, and several examples of applications discussed. The presented data illustrate that best results are achieved when luminescence studies are performed under standardized conditions and combined with other analytical techniques with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution.