bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Usefulness of Nasal Packing with Vaseline Gauze and Airway Silicone Splint after Closed Reduction of Nasal Bone Fracture
Authors: Kim Hyo Young , Kim Sin Rak , Park Jin Hyung , Han Yea Sik 
Published: November 2012

Background Packing after closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture causes inconvenient nasal obstruction in patients. We packed the superior meatus with Vaseline gauze to support the nasal bone, and packed the middle nasal meatus with a Doyle Combo Splint consisting of an airway tube, a silastic sheet, and an expandable sponge to reduce the inconvenience. In addition, we aimed to objectively identify whether this method not only enables nasal respiration but also sufficiently supports the reduced nasal bone.
Methods Nasal ventilation was measured via spirometry 1 day before surgery and compared to 1 day after surgery. To compare support of the reduced nasal bone by the 2 methods, 2 plastic surgeons assessed the displacementon X-rays taken after the surgery and after removing the packing. The extent of nasal obstruction, dry mouth, sleep disturbance, headache, and swallowing difficulty were compared with visual analog scales (VAS) on a pre-discharge survey.
Results In the experimental group, the nasal respiration volume 1 day after surgery remained at 71.3%±6.84% on average compared to 1 day prior to surgery. Support of the reduced bone in the experimental group (2.80±0.4) was not significantly different from the control group (2.88±0.33). The VAS scores for all survey items were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, where a lower score indicated a lower level of inconvenience.
Conclusions The nasal cavity packing described here maintained objective measures of nasal respiration and supported the reduced bone similar to conventional methods. Maintaining nasal respiration reduced the inconvenience to patients, which demonstrates that this packing method is useful.
The NRTI BMS‐986001 does not degrade mitochondrial DNA in long‐term primary cultures of cells isolated from human kidney, muscle and subcutaneous fat
Authors: Wang F , Flint O 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are often used in the treatment of HIV infections, although their use has been in some cases been limited by adverse side effects attributed to inhibition of eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (mtDNA polγ). The primary objective of this study was to compare the in vitro toxicity of the novel HIV thymidine‐analogue NRTI, BMS‐986001 (OBP‐601) to that of five other NRTIs: tenofovir (TFV), adefovir (ADV), azidothymidine (AZT), stavudine (D4T), and abacavir (ABC).MethodsPrimary cultures of human renal proximal tubule epithelium, muscle, preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes (subcutaneous) were exposed to each of the NRTIs at their reported Cmax concentration and at 200 M for 5, 10, 14 and 19 days. Six in vitro cytotoxicity parameters were measured: percent dead cells, cell protein and ATP content, lactate concentration in the media, and mtDNA (ATP8) content by qPCR. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Dunnet's post hoc test.ResultsBMS‐986001 was not cytotoxic in any of the 4 cell culture systems tested. TFV was cytotoxic in muscle cells and preadipocytes with regard to mtDNA content which decreased in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner to approximately 40% control values. In contrast, ADV, AZT and d4T were cytotoxic in all 4 cell culture systems and with regard to all measured parameters. ABC was only significantly cytotoxic at the higher concentration (200 M) tested.ConclusionsBased on in vitro assessments, when compared to five other NRTIs (TFV, ADV, AZT, d4T and ABC) in primary cultures of human cells, BMS‐986001 was the least cytotoxic. The most cytotoxic were ADV, AZT, and d4T. In spite of their very close structural similarity, the relative lack of toxicity of BMS‐986001 compared to d4T is consistent with the 100‐fold greater potency of d4T for inhibition of mtDNA polγ.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients
Authors: Fridman V , Bello N , Godoy E , Stecher D , Lasala M 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyVitamin D deficiency in the adults could produce osteomalacia, secondary hyperparathyroidism with bone loss and increased risk of fractures. An increased prevalence of osteopenia, osteoporosis, decreased bone density, vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of fracture was found in HIV‐positive patients. A study performed in Buenos Aires, Argentina that included non‐HIV‐infected adult patients showed 15% prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in winter and 0% prevalence in summer. There is no local data published of vitamin D deficiency in HIV‐positive populations. The aim of the study is to determinate the prevalence of vitamin deficiency in our HIV‐positive population receiving HAART.MethodsAn observational, retrospective study was performed. We reviewed the clinical charts of the HIV‐positive adult patients attending the infectious disease clinic. We collected data of vitamin D, parathormone and beta cross laps value; we recorded if the test was performed in winter or summer. We considered vitamin D deficiency if<10 ng/ml. We recorded age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hepatic failure, HBV and/or HCV coinfection, menopause, malignancy and metabolic syndrome), months since HIV diagnosis, CD4 count, viral load and HAART.Summary of results60 patients were included, 49 (65%) of whom were male. Mean age was 49.15 years. Mean time from diagnosis was 112 months. Mean CD4 count was 548 cells/mm3 and 6.6% presented CD4 <200; 83.3% had viral load <50 copies/mm3. All patients were on HAART; 50% received efavirenz, 65% received tenofovir and 11.6% recived atazanavir. Mean vitamin D value was 23.58 ng/ml (5–66.5 ng/ml). In winter, 15.3% of the patients had <10 ng/ml of vitamin D and mean value was 24.16 ng/ml (10–40 ng/ml). Although the mean value in summer was 25.8 ng/ml (11.6–66 ng/ml) 10% of the patients had vitamin D deficiency. PTH value was abnormal in 31.6% of patients and beta cross laps was abnormal in 10% of patients.ConclusionsAlthough the small number of patient included, we observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency even in summer. A systematic assessment of vitamin D must be included in HIV positive patient care.
Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate single‐tablet regimen
Authors: Ramanathan S , Custodio J , Yin X , Hepner M , Pugatch D , Kearney B 
Published: November 2012

PurposeEmtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/RPV/TDF; Complera®/Eviplera®) is a recently approved complete single tablet regimen (STR) for treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected patients. Exposures of rilpivirine single agent Edurant®) are 40% lower when administered under fasted conditions versus standard meal (533 kcal) or high‐fat/high caloric meal (928 kcal). The present study evaluated the effect of standard and light meal on FTC/RPV/TDF pharmacokinetics (PK).MethodsThis was a three‐period, six‐sequence, crossover single‐dose study (N = 24) in healthy subjects that received FTC/RPV/TDF with a standard meal (540 kcal, 21 g fat), light meal (390 kcal, 12 g fat) or under fasted conditions (each treatment 18 days apart). Blood sampling was done for 192 hrs and PK of RPV, FTC, and tenofovir (TFV) were evaluated. Safety was monitored throughout the study and at 14‐day follow‐up. Exposures of study drugs from the various treatments were compared to fasted or standard meal as reference using 90% confidence interval (CI) bounds of 80 to 125% about the geometric mean ratio (GMR).ResultsOf the 24 enrolled subjects, 23 completed. There were no Grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, or AEs leading to discontinuation. Compared to fasting conditions, RPV AUCinf was 9% and 16% higher with a light meal or standard meal, respectively. Compared to standard meal, RPV AUCinf was 14% and 6% lower with fasted or light meal administration, respectively. TFV and FTC exposures were consistent with their established PK/food effect (Table 1).

Exposure versus standard meal

GMR (%) 90% CI fasted/standard
GMR (%) 90% CI light meal/standard

Rilpivirine

AUCinf (ng*h/mL)
85.9 (72.7, 101)
93.8 (79.2, 111)

AUClast (ng*h/mL)
83.7 (70.6, 99.3)
94.9 (79.9, 113)

Cmax (ng/mL)
79.1 (65.5, 95.5)
106 (87.6, 129)

Emtricitabine

AUCinf (ng*h/mL)
105 (102, 108)
101 (98.2, 104)

AUClast (ng*h/mL)
105 (102, 108)
101 (98.2, 104)

Cmax (ng/mL)
107 (101, 114)
103 (96.2, 109)

Tenofovir

AUCinf (ng*h/mL)
72.5 (68.1, 77.2)
93.0 (87.2, 99.2)

AUClast (ng*h/mL)
70.9 (66.3, 75.8)
92.8 (86.7, 99.4)

Cmax (ng/mL)
75.8 (67.8, 84.6)
84.8 (75.8, 94.9)

ConclusionAdministration with food has a modest effect on RPV PK as FTC/RPV/TDF STR versus fasted dosing, with no relevant differences between a light meal versus standard meal. FTC/RPV/TDF STR can be administered with a light or standard meal.
Darunavir plasma level in HIV overweight patients
Authors: Poupard M , Boussairi A , Krause J , Khuong‐Josses M 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyDarunavir (DRV) boosted with ritonavir is now regularly used in HIV infection. With an increasing population of HIV‐infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and having overweight problems we decided to conduct a transversal study on DRV plasma concentration in overweight patients.MethodsMeasures of drug plasma level were proposed to all patients having their routine blood test between 2010 and 2011 in our outpatient HIV clinic. With their consent they were included in our transversal study. DRV plasma concentrations (C12 h=12±3 hours) were determined using HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection (limit of quantification 0.05 mg/L), with DRV C12 h=1.3 mg/L and 0.55 (IC50) as target levels. Weight and height were also measured to calculate body mass index (BMI).ResultsWe included 52 patients; 35 women and 17 men, mean age was 40 (±8.8). Majority of them (62%) were African patients. The median CD4 cell count was: 387 [297–551]. The viral load was<35 copies for 77% of the patients. We had 28 overweight patients: 12 patients had BMI ≥30 and 16 patients had BMI between 25 and 29; 87% of the patients had DRV/RTV 800/100 OAD regimen associated with tenofovir/emtricitabine (72%) or abacavir/lamivudine (17%). The mean DRV plasma trough concentrations (C12 h) according BMI are shown in Table 1. Six patients with BMI ≥25 had a low plasma concentration of DRV with OAD regimen of DRV/RTV 800/100: 2 in BMI 25–29 group and 4 in BMI≥30 group. Among the six patients no adherence issues was recorded and every patient had undetectable viral load. Only one patient has a C12 h lower than the IC50 from the DRV (0.55 mg/L) and 3 others have very probably Cmin close to the ECC50.

Body Mass Index
<25
25–29
≥30

Number of patients (n)
24
16
12

DRV plasma concentration (mg/L), Means±SD
3.54±1.60
3.07±1.57
2.58±1.62

Patients with [DRV] C12 h <1.3 mg/L (n)
0
2
4

Patients with [DRV] C12 h <0.55 mg/L (n)
0
0
1

ConclusionOur results show a possible lower plasma concentration of DRV in overweight/obese patients in a small cohort. In our data, this reduced plasma concentration is not related to detectable viral load, possibly due to ICmin of DRV. More studies are needed to manage carefully antiretroviral therapy in overweight patients.
A randomized controlled trial of a web‐based psychological intervention for patients under treatment for chronic HIV infection
Authors: Skeie L , Drozd F , Kraft P , Kvale D 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyOne of the most prevalent mental conditions in people with HIV is depression as uniquely characterized by low positive affect. This study examined the effect of a web‐based intervention (Avanti) on overall mood and depressive symptoms among patients with HIV infection.MethodsPatients treated with effective antiretroviral treatment were included in a two‐armed trial with substance abuse as an exclusion criterion and randomized to Avanti (n=36) or control (n=31). Patients were surveyed at baseline, as well as 1 and 3 months after the initiation of a 5‐week intervention period. Outcomes were Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule which was combined into an overall mood index. Changes within groups were tested by Wilcoxon matched pairs test and baseline differences between groups by chi‐square and Mann‐Whitney independent samples test.Summary of resultsBaseline scores for both groups were similar. However, patients in the intervention group had an improvement in median (M) overall mood from baseline (M=67.6) to 1 month (M=71, p=0.02) which was also maintained from 1 to 3 months (M=71.9). Moreover, these patients had a favorable reduction in negative affect from 1 (M=24) to 3 months (M=22, p=0.01) and a transient improvement in positive affect from baseline (M=31.7) to 1 month after intervention onset (M=35, p<0.01) which almost returned to baseline levels at month 3 (M=32, p=0.01). In contrast, no significant changes were observed within the control group, except for a reduction in negative affect from 1 (M=23) to 3 months (M=21.6, p=0.05). Notably, symptoms of depression at baseline were low in both the Avanti (M=13) and control (M=12) groups, possibly explaining why no further reduction in depression was observed from baseline to 3 months in either of the two groups.ConclusionsThe results of this study lend support to the promise of a web‐based psychological intervention among patients with HIV and its ability to improve overall mood with favorable intervention‐related changes in negative and positive affect. Avanti had no effect on depression but this was probably due to low initial symptoms of depression. The findings suggest that a prolonged web‐based intervention with regular contact could maintain the positive effects on mood seen in this study. If so, Avanti could potentially provide an easily accessible and cost‐effective adjunct to traditional psychotherapy.
Preparation and Extraction of Insoluble (Inclusion‐Body) Proteins from Escherichia coli
Authors: Palmer Ira , Wingfield Paul T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHigh‐level expression of many recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli leads to the formation of highly aggregated protein commonly referred to as inclusion bodies. Inclusion bodies are normally formed in the cytoplasm; however, if a secretion vector is used, they can form in the periplasmic space. Inclusion bodies can be recovered from cell lysates by low‐speed centrifugation. Following pre‐extaction (or washing), protein is extracted from washed pellets using guanidine⋅HCl. The solubilized and unfolded protein is either directly folded or further purified by gel filtration in the presence of guanidine⋅HCl as described in this unit. A support protocol describes the removal of guanidine⋅HCl from column fractions so they can be monitored by SDS‐PAGE. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 70:6.3.1‐6.3.20. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Serum‐Free Generation of Multipotent Mesoderm (Kdr+) Progenitor Cells in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Functional Genomics Screening
Authors: McKeithan Wesley L. , Colas Alexandre R. , Bushway Paul J. , Ray Saugata , Mercola Mark 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis unit describes a robust protocol for producing multipotent Kdr‐expressing mesoderm progenitor cells in serum‐free conditions, and for functional genomics screening using these cells. Kdr‐positive cells are able to differentiate into a wide array of mesodermal derivatives, including vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic progenitors, and smooth muscle cells. The efficient generation of such progenitor cells is of particular interest because it permits subsequent steps in cardiovascular development to be analyzed in detail, including deciphering the mechanisms that direct differentiation. In addition, the oligonucleotide transfection protocol used to functionally screen siRNA and miRNA libraries is a powerful tool to reveal networks of genes, signaling proteins, and miRNAs that control the diversification of cardiovascular lineages from multipotent progenitors. Technical limitations, troubleshooting, and potential applications of these methods are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 23:1F.13.1‐1F.13.13. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elections, Roman
Authors: Yakobson Alexander 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPublius Scipio Nasica was an illustrious and powerful statesman, who took pride in being leader of the Senate for many years. As a young man, when he was campaigning for the curule aedileship, he shook the hand of a peasant somewhat assiduously, as candidates are wont to do. He noticed that the man's hand is hardened by his rustic work, and jokingly asked him whether he was in the habit of walking on his hands. This saying, to which the bystanders took exception, spread among the people and was the cause of Scipio's defeat in the election. All the rural tribes thought that he was casting a slur on their poverty, and turned their anger against his offensive urbanity (Val. Max. 7.5.2).
Characterization and Simulation of Tensile Deformation of Non‐Uniform Cellular Aluminium Until Damage
Authors: Foroughi Babak , Degischer H. Peter , Kottar Andreas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe uniaxial tensile modulus and strength of Alulight® foams are measured and simulated taking into account the non‐uniform mass density distribution characterized non‐destructively by X‐ray computer tomography. The density mapping method is employed for the reconstruction of the hard and soft regions in the samples investigated. A finite element (FE)‐model is introduced for simulations of the deformation of a continuum composed by domains of different local densities. Existing constitutive laws for cellular structures are incorporated for the numerical simulation of tensile deformation and the variance of the material parameters is determined with the aid of a scaling relationship. The experimental results for the stiffness, the ultimate strength, and the corresponding strain agree with the developed 3D FE simulations and are compared with the estimations according to scaling laws for uniform cellular structures. The non‐uniformity of the material distribution affects the strength and the ductility significantly. Simulations taking this into account provide conservative property predictions. The calculated positions of local strain concentration correspond with the observed locations of crack initiation. The material modelling and the simulation of the elasto‐plastic deformation up to damage are suggested for application to macroscopic components made of non‐uniform cellular metals.
Microstructure and Nanoindentation Properties of Surface Textures Obtained by Laser Machining and Molding in Silicon Carbide
Authors: Valentini Francesco , Zambotto Italo , Sciti Diletta , Silvestroni Laura , Melandri Cesare , Guicciardi Stefano 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA surface texture consisting of an array of holes in SiC components was obtained by either conventional molding in the green state or post sintering laser machining. According to microstructural analysis, very regular holes were obtained by laser machining with minimal microstructural damage. Irregular holes with defects and voids were instead found for the surface textures obtained via molding. Nanoindentation tests were performed in the areas close to the holes and no significant alteration of the mechanical properties was found after laser machining.
Reversible Amorphous‐to‐Amorphous Transitions in Chalcogenide Films: Correlating Changes in Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: Kalyva Maria , Orava Jiri , Siokou Angeliki , Pavlista Martin , Wagner Tomas , Yannopoulos Spyros N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStructural transitions in materials are accompanied by appreciable and exploitable changes in physical‐chemical properties. Whereas reversible optically‐driven atomistic changes in crystal‐to‐amorphous transitions are generally known and exploited in applications, the nature of the corresponding polyamorphic transitions between two structurally distinct meta‐stable amorphous phases is an unexplored theme. Direct experimental evidence is reported for the nature of the atomistic changes during fully reversible amorphous‐to‐amorphous switching between two individual states in the non‐crystalline As50Se50 films prepared by pulsed‐laser deposition and consequent changes in optical properties. Combination of surface sensitive X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry show that the near‐bandgap energy illumination and annealing induce reversible switching in the material's structure by local bonding rearrangements. This is accompanied by switching in refractive index between two well‐defined states. Exploiting the pluralism of distinct structural states in a disordered solid can provide new insights into the data storage in emerging optical memory and photonic applications.
Mosaic 18q21.2 deletions including the TCF4 gene: A clinical report
Authors: Rossi Massimiliano , Labalme Audrey , Cordier Marie‐Pierre , Till Marianne , Blanchard Gaëlle , Dubois Remi , Guibaud Laurent , Heissat Sophie , Javouhey Etienne , Lachaux Alain , Mure Pierre‐Yves , Ville Dorothée , Edery Patrick , Sanlaville Damien 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is characterized by distinctive facial dysmorphism, profound intellectual disability, and the possible occurrence of epilepsy and breathing anomalies. It is caused by haploinsufficiency of the TCF4 gene. No significant difference in clinical severity has been reported to date between PTHS patients carrying 18q21 deletions including the TCF4 gene, and those harboring TCF4 point mutations, suggesting a lack of genotype/phenotype correlation. Moreover, the size of 18q21 deletions including the TCF4 gene does not appear to have a significant effect on the phenotypic severity, suggesting that TCF4 haploinsufficiency is the most important prognostic factor in 18q deletions. We describe two unrelated patients presenting with clinical features reminiscent of PTHS and carrying mosaic interstitial 18q21 deletions characterized by array comparative genomic hybridization. One of the patients presented the lowest level of mosaic 18q21 deletion reported to date (5–10%). Our report and a review of the literature show that the mosaic status does not appear to have a significant effect on the clinical severity of 18q21 deletions, which are associated with a poor neurological outcome, whereas a mosaic TCF4 point mutation can result in a significantly milder phenotype. Malformations of internal organs are currently considered to be rare in PTHS. The patients described here had visceral anomalies, suggesting that a full morphological assessment, including heart and abdominal ultrasound scans, should be performed systematically in PTHS patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.