bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Fifth Metatarsal Fractures in College Soccer Players
Authors: Fujitaka Kohei , Taniguchi Akira , Isomoto Shinji , Kumai Tsukasa , Otuki Shingo , Okubo Mamoru , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: September 2015

Background: The pathogenesis of fifth metatarsal stress fractures remains uncertain. Hypothesis: Physical characteristics and environmental factors, which have received limited attention in the literature thus far, might be involved in the development of fifth metatarsal stress fractures. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: To test the study hypothesis, a medical examination and survey of the living environment of collegiate soccer players was conducted and correlated with the existence of fifth metatarsal stress fractures. The survey and measurements were conducted in 273 male athletes from the same college soccer team between 2005 and 2013. A medical examination comprising assessment of stature, body weight, body mass index, foot–arch height ratio, toe-grip strength, quadriceps angle, leg-heel angle, functional reach test, single-leg standing time with eyes closed, straight-leg raise angle, finger-floor distance, heel-buttock distance, ankle joint range of motion, and a general joint laxity test were performed once a year, along with a questionnaire survey. The survey was also repeated when a fifth metatarsal stress fracture was diagnosed. The study participants were separated into a fifth metatarsal stress fracture injury group and a noninjury group. The measurement items and survey items were compared, and the association between the factors and the presence or absence of injuries was analyzed. Results: Toe-grip strength was significantly weaker in the injury group compared with the noninjury group, suggesting that weak toe-grip is associated with fifth metatarsal stress fracture ( P < .05). In addition, fifth metatarsal stress fractures were more common in the nondominant leg ( P < .05). Between-group comparisons of the other items showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The association between weak toe-grip strength and fifth metatarsal fracture suggests that weak toe-grip may lead to an increase in the load applied onto the lateral side of the foot, resulting in stress fracture. The finding of stress fracture being more common in the nondominant leg needs further study.
Hematopoietic stem cells develop in the absence of endothelial cadherin 5 expression
Authors: Anderson Heidi , Patch Taylor C. , Reddy Pavankumar N. G. , Hagedorn Elliott J. , Kim Peter G. , Soltis Kathleen A. , Chen Michael J. , Tamplin Owen J. , Frye Maike , MacLean Glenn A. , Hübner Kathleen , Bauer Daniel E. , Kanki John P. , Vogin Guillaume , Huston Nicholas C. , Nguyen Minh , Fujiwara Yuko , Paw Barry H. , Vestweber Dietmar , Zon Leonard I. , Orkin Stuart H. , Daley George Q. , Shah Dhvanit I. 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsHSCs emerge, engraft, and differentiate in the absence of cdh5. HSCs emerging from Cdh5−/−GFP+/+ endothelium of mouse chimeric embryos are functional.
Clarks ‘star’ advertisements of the 1940s: Classificatory terms and practices of historical interpretation
Authors: McDowell Felice 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In a number of studies that look at the cultural history of post-war Britain, class is referred to and used as a concept and a theoretical model of analysis. This article discusses aspects of the interdependent relationship between class, consumption, film and fashion in its analysis of a Clarks shoes advertising campaign from the 1940s, which featured an array of contemporary and mostly British actresses of both screen and stage. Unpacking how these elements work together in a network of meanings and values, this article suggests that the ways in which these various actresses are grouped together and represented in the branding of Clarks shoes is a process and practice of classification. Here, amongst other things, the actresses are defined by their ‘work’ and ‘labour’. By questioning how these elements also work to classify and categorize the actresses, this article invites alternative ways to think about and employ the concept of ‘class’ in practices of historical interpretation.
Developing Extracellular Matrix Technology to Treat Retinal or Optic Nerve Injury
Authors: Ren Tanchen , van der Merwe Yolandi , Steketee Michael B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAdult mammalian CNS neurons often degenerate after injury, leading to lost neurologic functions. In the visual system, retinal or optic nerve injury often leads to retinal ganglion cell axon degeneration and irreversible vision loss. CNS axon degeneration is increasingly linked to the innate immune response to injury, which leads to tissue-destructive inflammation and scarring. Extracellular matrix (ECM) technology can reduce inflammation, while increasing functional tissue remodeling, over scarring, in various tissues and organs, including the peripheral nervous system. However, applying ECM technology to CNS injuries has been limited and virtually unstudied in the visual system. Here we discuss advances in deriving fetal CNS-specific ECMs, like fetal porcine brain, retina, and optic nerve, and fetal non-CNS-specific ECMs, like fetal urinary bladder, and the potential for using tissue-specific ECMs to treat retinal or optic nerve injuries in two platforms. The first platform is an ECM hydrogel that can be administered as a retrobulbar, periocular, or even intraocular injection. The second platform is an ECM hydrogel and polymer “biohybrid” sheet that can be readily shaped and wrapped around a nerve. Both platforms can be tuned mechanically and biochemically to deliver factors like neurotrophins, immunotherapeutics, or stem cells. Since clinical CNS therapies often use general anti-inflammatory agents, which can reduce tissue-destructive inflammation but also suppress tissue-reparative immune system functions, tissue-specific, ECM-based devices may fill an important need by providing naturally derived, biocompatible, and highly translatable platforms that can modulate the innate immune response to promote a positive functional outcome.
Identification of the Bile Acid Transporter Slco1a6 as a Candidate Gene That Broadly Affects Gene Expression in Mouse Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Tian Jianan , Keller Mark P , Oler Angie T , Rabaglia Mary E , Schueler Kathryn L , Stapleton Donald S , Broman Aimee Teo , Zhao Wen , Kendziorski Christina , Yandell Brian S , Hagenbuch Bruno , Broman Karl W , Attie Alan D 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We surveyed gene expression in six tissues in an F2 intercross between mouse strains C57BL/6J (abbreviated B6) and BTBR T+tf/J (abbreviated BTBR) made genetically obese with the Leptinob mutation. We identified a number of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) affecting the expression of numerous genes distal to the locus, called trans-eQTL hotspots. Some of these trans-eQTL hotspots showed effects in multiple tissues, whereas some were specific to a single tissue. An unusually large number of transcripts (∼8% of genes) mapped in trans to a hotspot on chromosome 6, specifically in pancreatic islets. By considering the first two principal components of the expression of genes mapping to this region, we were able to convert the multivariate phenotype into a simple Mendelian trait. Fine mapping the locus by traditional methods reduced the QTL interval to a 298-kb region containing only three genes, including Slco1a6, one member of a large family of organic anion transporters. Direct genomic sequencing of all Slco1a6 exons identified a nonsynonymous coding SNP that converts a highly conserved proline residue at amino acid position 564 to serine. Molecular modeling suggests that Pro564 faces an aqueous pore within this 12-transmembrane domain-spanning protein. When transiently overexpressed in HEK293 cells, BTBR organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1A6-mediated cellular uptake of the bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) was enhanced compared to B6 OATP1A6. Our results suggest that genetic variation in Slco1a6 leads to altered transport of TCA (and potentially other bile acids) by pancreatic islets, resulting in broad gene regulation.
The Genomic Impacts of Drift and Selection for Hybrid Performance in Maize
Authors: Gerke Justin P , Edwards Jode W , Guill Katherine E , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , McMullen Michael D 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough maize is naturally an outcrossing organism, modern breeding utilizes highly inbred lines in controlled crosses to produce hybrids. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s reciprocal recurrent selection experiment between the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and the Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic No. 1 (BSCB1) populations represents one of the longest running experiments to understand the response to selection for hybrid performance. To investigate the genomic impact of this selection program, we genotyped the progenitor lines and &gt;600 individuals across multiple cycles of selection using a genome-wide panel of ∼40,000 SNPs. We confirmed previous results showing a steady temporal decrease in genetic diversity within populations and a corresponding increase in differentiation between populations. Thanks to detailed historical information on experimental design, we were able to perform extensive simulations using founder haplotypes to replicate the experiment in the absence of selection. These simulations demonstrate that while most of the observed reduction in genetic diversity can be attributed to genetic drift, heterozygosity in each population has fallen more than expected. We then took advantage of our high-density genotype data to identify extensive regions of haplotype fixation and trace haplotype ancestry to single founder inbred lines. The vast majority of regions showing such evidence of selection differ between the two populations, providing evidence for the dominance model of heterosis. We discuss how this pattern is likely to occur during selection for hybrid performance and how it poses challenges for dissecting the impacts of modern breeding and selection on the maize genome.
Le rôle de l’État dans les stratégies d’internationalisation des entreprises chinoises ? Une approche géoéconomique
Authors: Mériade Laurent 
Published: September 2015

L’objectif de notre article vise à appréhender le rôle de l’État et de sa « diplomatie » dans l’internationalisation des entreprises à côté des réseaux « d’affaires » traditionnels décrits dans la littérature. Pour cela nous mobilisons le cadre théorique de la géoéconomie pour étudier le cas de l’internationalisation des entreprises hydro-électriques chinoises dans le Sud-Est Asiatique.
Qu’est-ce que l’imaginaire ? Des multiples réalités imaginales
Authors: Machado Da Silva Juremir 
Published: September 2015

Ce texte examine une hypothèse sur l’imaginaire. À la question qui revient « qu’est-ce que l’imaginaire ? » plusieurs réponses sont possibles. Il ne s’agit pas d’encercler l’imaginaire dans un concept ou dans une définition close, mais de le voir dans une logique de production de sens : l’imaginaire comme un surplus de signification, une couche supplémentaire qui recouvre le vécu.
Chaînes opératoires de montage et fonctions sociales : les poteries de mariage somono (Mali)
Authors: Gallay Alain , Burri-Wyser Elena 
Published: September 2015

Cette contribution tente de répondre à la ­question suivante : existe-t-il dans les traditions céramiques actuelles du delta intérieur du Niger au Mali une relation entre les variations de chaînes opératoires de montage et les ­fonctions des poteries ? L’analyse proposée fait appel aux données ethnoarchéologiques du Delta et concerne la tra­dition céramique somono. Cette dernière présente, à côté des poteries d’usage courant, des poteries richement décorées qui peuvent, exceptionnel­lement, être fabriquées par des potières bambara avec des registres décoratifs comparables, mais aussi des caractéristiques morphologiques distinctes au niveau des fonds. Ces poteries concernent des ­utilisations domestiques, gestion de l’eau, confort ménager et certains usages sociaux, mais non la préparation de la nourriture. Alors que les poteries d’usage courant sont introduites dans l’économie de marché et vendues sur les marchés hebdomadaires, les poteries richement décorées échappent à ce mode de diffusion et font l’objet de dons, notamment à l’occasion de mariages ou lors d’une ­naissance. Elles se retrouvent donc essen­tiellement dans les familles de ce groupe ethnique. La répartition géographique des poteries décorées signale leur zone de production et ainsi la région occupée par les Somono. En résumé, le contexte politique et social introduit une variabilité significative : spécification du montage de la préforme face aux traditions étrangères et inves­tissement décoratif important dans les poteries de mariage particulières au groupe ethnique.
Fossés, enceintes et peste noire en Afrique de l’Ouest forestière (500-1500 AD)
Authors: Chouin Gérard L. F. 
Published: September 2015

L’histoire de la zone forestière de l’Afrique de l’Ouest avant le xve siècle demeure mal connue. Malgré des découvertes archéologiques majeures au xxe siècle, la région n’a pas suscité le même intérêt de la part de la communauté scientifique que les régions sahariennes et sahéliennes, notamment en termes de processus d’urbanisation. Pourtant, de la Côte d’Ivoire au Nigéria, des systèmes complexes de talus et de fossés attestent la montée en puissance de réseaux de villes et de territoires retranchés à l’époque médiévale. L’étude de la ­chronologie, de l’expansion, de l’agencement et de l’abandon de ces enceintes, qui remplissaient pro­bablement différentes fonctions, a le potentiel de changer radicalement notre perception de l’histoire de la région sur la longue durée. L’article suggère qu’un abandon massif des enceintes se produisit au xive siècle, peut-être en lien avec la pandémie mondiale de peste noire.
Pratiques funéraires dans le mégalithisme sénégambien : décryptages et révisions
Authors: Cros Jean-Paul , Laporte Luc , Gallay Alain 
Published: September 2015

À l’occasion de la fouille du site de Wanar, la reprise, dans une problématique anthropologique, de quelques documents anciens sur le mégalithisme sénégambien montre la complexité et la variabilité des pratiques funéraires. Des indices directs et indirects de constructions présentes autour du ou des cadavres profonds peuvent être interprétés comme de possibles « maisons des morts ». Dans au moins un cas, des arguments anthropologiques existent pour un maintien de l’accès à la structure funéraire. Des morts d’accompagnement sont présents dans certains monuments, mais cela ne semble pas être la majorité des cas rencontrés. Ailleurs, des fosses relativement étroites contiennent de nombreux corps « frais » déposés simultanément, avec une impos­sibilité d’identifier un sujet principal qui ­correspond peut être à une réelle absence. Pour d’autres cas encore, des ossements humains en position secondaire, situés dans de grandes fosses ou des fosses étroites de type silo, se superposent aux restes partiels et difficilement lisibles de sépultures primaires. Toutes ces observations nous amènent à élaborer de nouveaux modèles de fonctionnement pour ces structures funéraires.
Files de pierres dressées dans le sud de l'Éthiopie et au nord du Kenya
Authors: Joussaume Roger 
Published: September 2015

Les travaux de deux équipes américaines dans les années 1970 et 2000 ont fait connaître plusieurs sites à lignes de pierres dressées près du lac Turkana au nord du Kenya. Les plus anciens sont datés du début du IIIe millénaire avant notre ère, d’autres de la deuxième moitié du premier millénaire avant J.-C. Ils furent l’œuvre d’une société de pasteurs qui aurait connu la céramique. Dans le Sidamo, au sud de l’Éthiopie, les stèles phalliques des pays Gedeo et Sidama forment fréquemment des alignements plus ou moins longs, parfois associés à un petit tumulus allongé recouvrant une fosse qui semble avoir été une tombe. À Waheno, cette fosse contenait une hache polie, des microlithes en obsidienne et des tessons de céramique. Ces sites attribués aux xe-xiie siècles de notre ère, pourraient être en rapport avec la mise en place de l’agriculture régionale. Au sud du lac Chamo, en Éthiopie, les actuels habitants, Konso et Gewada, élèvent encore des pierres à certaines occasions. L’étude de leur organisation sociale et de leurs coutumes funéraires permet d’élargir le débat sur les fonctions des files de pierres ailleurs dans le monde.
La consolation des objets
Authors: Ciambelli Patrizia , Vassas Claudine 
Published: September 2015

Est-il possible de raconter une histoire d’amour par le biais d’objets en élaborant ensemble un roman et un musée ? Peut-on faire d’une collection – réelle et imaginaire – d’objets ordinaires une oeuvre d’art à part entière et la concrétiser sous ces deux formes ? Tel est le double projet mené par Orhan Pamuk sous le nom « Le Musée de l’innocence », projet ancré dans une esthétique créatrice de la mélancolie – l’hüzün turc – à laquelle il associe la perte de la femme aimée et les transformations de la ville d’Istanbul. Pamuk, de son roman-musée à son musée-roman, propose une conception de la collection et du musée idéal, élabore une théorie de l’objet, de sa force et de sa capacité à nourrir et à atténuer la nostalgie. Il affronte aussi les contraintes et les choix présidant à la mise en place concrète des objets et à leurs modes d’exposition, ces derniers se révélant moins « innocents » qu’il n’y paraît. L’article s’attache à l’analyse du processus créatif propre à Pamuk, seul susceptible de conférer à des oeuvres si différentes une identité commune.
Flt3 Ligand Is Essential for Survival and Protective Immune Responses during Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Dupont Christopher D. , Harms Pritchard Gretchen , Hidano Shinya , Christian David A. , Wagage Sagie , Muallem Gaia , Tait Wojno Elia D. , Hunter Christopher A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii, and infection with this pathogen leads to increased numbers of DCs at local sites of parasite replication and in secondary lymphoid organs, but the factors that regulate this expansion are poorly understood. The cytokine Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is critical for the generation and maintenance of DCs, and Flt3L−/− mice were found to be highly susceptible to acute toxoplasmosis. This phenotype correlated with decreased production of IL-12 and IFN-γ, as well as impaired NK cell responses. Surprisingly, despite low basal numbers of DCs, Flt3L−/− mice infected with T. gondii displayed an expansion of CD8α+ and CD11bloCD8α− DCs. Infection also induced an expansion of parasite-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in Flt3L−/− mice; however, these cells were reduced in number and displayed impaired ability to produce IFN-γ relative to wild-type controls. Exogenous IL-12 treatment partially restored NK and T cell responses in Flt3L−/− mice, as well as acute resistance; however, these mice eventually succumbed to toxoplasmic encephalitis, despite the presence of large numbers of DCs and T cells in the brain. These results highlight the importance of Flt3L for resistance to toxoplasmosis and demonstrate the existence of Flt3L-independent pathways that can mediate infection-induced expansion of DCs and T cell priming.
Comparative Analysis of the Extracellular Matrix Composition in Proliferating and Involuted Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Park Hyochun , Park Hannara , Chung Ho Yun , Teresa M O , Waner Milton 
Published: September 2015

Background Changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur between the proliferating and involuted phases of infantile hemangiomas (IH), and are associated with angiogenic growth. We examined the composition of the ECM in proliferating and involuted IHs and assessed correlations between the composition of the ECM and whether the IH was in the proliferating or the involuted phase.
Methods We evaluated IH samples from a cohort of patients who had five proliferating IHs and five involuted IHs. The following ECM molecules were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunohistochemistry: laminin, fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type II, and collagen type III.
Results The involuted IHs had higher levels of deposition of collagen type III than the proliferating IHs. The median values (interquartile ranges) were 1.135 (0.946-1.486) and 1.008 (0.780-1.166) (P=0.019), respectively. The level of laminin was higher in involuted IHs than in proliferating IHs, with median values (interquartile ranges) of 3.191 (2.945-3.191) and 2.479 (1.699-3.284) (P=0.047), respectively. Abundant collagen type III staining was found in involuted IHs. Laminin α4 chain staining was clearly present within the basement membrane adjacent to the blood vessels, and was significantly more intense in involuted IHs than in proliferative IHs.
Conclusions Involuted hemangiomas showed extensive deposition of collagen III and laminin, suggesting that differences in the composition of the ECM reflect stages of the development of IHs. This pattern may be due to the rapid senescence of IHs.
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Facial Features
Authors: Papoian Vardan , Mardirossian Vartan , Hess Donald Thomas , Spiegel Jeffrey H 
Published: September 2015

Background Bariatric surgeries performed in the USA has increased twelve-fold in the past two decades. The effects of rapid weight loss on facial features has not been previously studied. We hypothesized that bariatric surgery will mimic the effects of aging thus giving the patient an older and less attractive appearance.
Methods Consecutive patients were enrolled from the bariatric surgical clinic at our institution. Pre and post weight loss photographs were taken and used to generate two surveys. The surveys were distributed through social media to assess the difference between the preoperative and postoperative facial photos, in terms of patients' perceived age and overall attractiveness. 102 respondents completed the first survey and 95 respondents completed the second survey.
Results Of the 14 patients, five showed statistically significant change in perceived age (three more likely to be perceived older and two less likely to be perceived older). The patients were assessed to be more attractive postoperatively, which showed statistical significance.
Conclusions Weight loss does affect facial aesthetics. Mild weight loss is perceived by survey respondents to give the appearance of a younger but less attractive patient, while substantial weight loss is perceived to give the appearance of an older but more attractive patient.