bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IT'S NOT OK CAMPAIGN: CREATING CHANGE TO END FAMILY VIOLENCE IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Hann S , Pomeroy T 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA primary prevention and social change approach is needed to address high rates of family violence in New Zealand and create safe communities and families.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe national ‘It's not OK’ campaign aims to change behaviours; mobilise communities; and address social attitudes that support family violence. The current phase aims to increase people's help-seeking and encourage friends/family to take action.MethodsThe Campaign's multi-layered approach is underpinned by social marketing and community development principles. It involves media advertising; partnerships with sports groups, councils, businesses, and networks; media advocacy and training; campaign champions; information line; website; printed and online resources; and research and evaluation.Results/OutcomeReach and retention monitoring consistently indicates the recall of the campaign is above 90%. Eighty-one per cent of people believe they could influence someone to change their behaviour; and 31% have taken some action as a result of the campaign (discussed it with friends and family, or asked for help). For Maori and Pacific peoples these figures are higher. Service providers and Police report increased help-seeking, and a more supportive environment for family violence work.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe Campaign is one of the few social change campaigns to have success across different levels of the ecological model, with evidence of personal behaviour changes; increased help-giving by family and friends; mobilised communities, and a shift in social attitudes.
CURRENT FALL PREVENTION ACTIVITIES AT THE US CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
Authors: Stevens J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFalls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among adults aged ≥65 years. In the US in 2009, older adult falls resulted in 20 422 deaths and 2.2 million emergency department visits. Fortunately, research has identified a number of effective falls interventions.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo better understand how to encourage widespread adoption of evidence-based fall prevention programmes.MethodThe National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is addressing falls using a four-step public health model. Current work focuses on step four, translating effective interventions into community-based programmes for widespread adoption. To clarify this process, a pilot project was conducted in which four state health departments implemented two evidence-based effective programmes:Tai chi: Moving for Better BalanceandStepping On.Results/OutcomesThe pilot project revealed that older adults with differing functional levels need a choice of community programmes, and that community programmes must be linked to clinical practice. CDC is incorporating these lessons into our current activities, which include disseminating newly developed healthcare provider resources to link clinical practice with three community programmes:Tai chi: Moving for Better Balance, Stepping On,and theOtago Exercise Programme.Significance/Contribution to the FieldPeople aged ≥65 years are the fastest growing segment of the US population and are particularly vulnerable to falls and fall injuries. To reduce falls, we need a comprehensive approach that incorporates fall prevention into routine clinical practice and links health care practice to community-based fall prevention programmes.
SENIOR SAFETY—A STUDY OF FALL PREVENTION IN 16 NORWEGIAN MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: Vaagland EJ , Saghaug E 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAccidental injuries, particularly falls, is a hazard to health and quality of life for elderly, a burden for their relatives, and a large cost for society. In Norway app. 10 000 suffer from hip fractures annually. The number of senior citizens will increase dramatically the coming years—and it will be even more important to prevent these accidents.ObjectivesTo demonstrate that senior safety can be improved and falls prevented by different means of cross sectorial interventions, and that cooperation between the public system and voluntary organisations gives new possibilities.MethodThe 16 participating municipalities functioned as a laboratory for different fall preventing interventions, and as an arena for different types of partnerships and models of cooperation between public and private institutions and NGOs. The local programmes were based on local conditions. More than 40 NGOs participated in the local activities. The ‘Senior Safety’-study was carried out by the Norwegian Safety Forum in 2007–2009. It focused on elderly above 65 years of age.ResultsFall among elderly can be reduced with different means of interventions.Cross sectorial cooperation, where community based services interact with local NGOs is a winning method. All the participating municipalities are under the Norwegian average for hip fractures.SignificanceCo-operation where all parts meet on an equal terms promotes a good result. Support from local administration and local politicians is a benefit. Many of these interventions are now part of the local long-term health programmes for elderly.
‘FLIP’ A METHOD FOR PLANNING COMMUNITY SAFETY PROMOTION PROGRAMMES: FINDING THE RIGHT TREATMENT BEGINS BY MAKING THE RIGHT DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Hanson D , Lloyd J , Gunning C , Rose J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDesigning effective safety promotion programmes is about finding creative solutions to the tension between visionary dreams and practical solutions. Nothing will be achieved unless you have the vision to imagine a better reality for yourself, your family, your friends and your community, but nothing can be achieved unless you have the pragmatism to seek out effective solutions. Big problems must be broken down into components that can be solved. Big plans must be broken down into incremental steps that can be achieved.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis workshop will demonstrate ‘FLIP’, a comprehensive system for helping communities design effective evidence based safety promotion programmes.Method‘FLIP’ guides participants through six simple steps that culminate in the formulation of a comprehensive project plan.1. Identify the problem, then ‘FLIP’ to your goal.2. Analyse the problem.3. Having identified the key causes of the problem, ‘FLIP’ to your objectives.4. Find solutions to achieve your objectives.5. Implement the programme.6. Evaluate the programme.Results/OutcomesUnfortunately, the same mistake is made over and over again. People race to the solutions before taking the time to understand the problem. This is a guaranteed way to end up solving the wrong problem! It's not hard, provided you remember to ‘FLIP’. Start by making sure you understand the problem, then ‘FLIP’ to the solutions.Significance/Contribution to the FieldBy eliminating needless jargon, ‘FLIP’ seeks to facilitate an open transdisciplinary dialogue in which everyone, researchers, practitioners and the target community, can constructively contribute to the planning process.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SWIMMING LESSONS, URBANISATION, AND DROWNING IN TAIWAN
Authors: KAo W , Guttmacher S , Yaffee R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional drowning remains a leading cause of injury-related death, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In 2004, approximately 388 000 people died from drowning, of which 96% occurred in LMIC. In 2001, the Taipei city government launched a school-based swimming programme aimed to reduce drowning. An evaluation of the impact of the swimming programme provides a better understanding to further prevent this global public health burden.Research Objectives1. to examine the impact of a comprehensive school-based swimming programme on drowning;2. to explore the association between urbanisation and drowning.Methods(1) Difference in differences (DID) is used to examine the impact of swimming programme on drowning; (2) time-series panel approach is used to assess the association between urbanisation and drowning mortality among 23 jurisdictions from 1980 to 2001.ResultsSwimming education was associated with a faster decline in drowning among policy-intervened groups. A ‘cross-over’ change, of which a policy-targeted group declined faster (from 6.7 to 1.7/100 000) and becomes lower in drowning compared to a non-intervened group (from 5.7 to 3.7/100 000, p value 0.023). Urbanisation was associated with the decline of drowning after controlling for medical services and household disposable income (p value=0.03 in fixed effect, multivariate regression model). Medical service was not associated with the drowning decline in Taiwan.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis study provides empirical evidence supporting a protective effect of a school-based swimming programme. It explained urbanisation as a background influence on drowning in the last few decades before any deliberate intervention was promoted.
NEW APPROACHES AND AUDIENCES FOR BEHAVIOUR CHANGE TO REDUCE CHILD INJURY RISK
Authors: Gielen A , Mcdonald E , Mckenzie L 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEffective child injury prevention involves taking an ecological approach, intervening at multiple levels of influence. Efforts to change the behaviour of individual children and/or caregivers can be strengthened by addressing environmental influences on injury risk. How to change the behaviour of those who shape these environments is a critical question.PurposeTo inform research and practice, we provide three case examples of promoting safer environments for children through behaviour change in other audiences—health care providers, manufacturers, and legislators.MethodsLiterature reviewResults(1) The SAFE Home Project changed the delivery of paediatric anticipatory guidance and increased the use of home safety products. Important to success were high levels of institutional support, collaboration among key stakeholders, and the use of behaviour change theory in programme content. (2) Following scald burn educational efforts and the use of warning labels, manufacturers voluntarily agreed to preset new water heaters at 120°F. Motivating this change was concern about variations in requirements across states, a significant burden for companies. (3) Why state legislators vote for injury prevention policies was the subject of one behavioural science study. Constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour predicted voting behaviour.SignificanceAs the injury field has matured and there are success stories, it is important to understand how these changes occur at all levels of an ecological framework. Behavioural science theory and methods represents a largely untapped potential for both understanding how change occurs and facilitating it in individuals whose decisions affect the safety of entire populations.
INJURY PREVENTION AMONG FRIENDS: THE BENEFITS OF SCHOOL CONNECTEDNESS
Authors: Chapman RL , Buckley L , Sheehan M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjury is a leading cause of adolescent death. Risk-taking behaviours, including unsafe road behaviours, violence and alcohol use, are primary contributors. Recent research suggests adolescents look out for their friends and engage in protective behaviour to reduce others' involvement in risk-taking. A positive school environment, and particularly students' school connectedness, is also associated with reduced injury-risks.AimThis study aimed to understand the role of school connectedness in adolescents' intentions to protect and prevent their friends from involvement in alcohol use, fights, drink driving and unlicensed driving.MethodSurveys were completed by 540 13–14-year-old students (49% male). Four sequential logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether school connectedness statistically predicted intentions to protect friends from injury-risk behaviours. Gender and ethnicity were entered at step 1, students' own risk behaviour at step 2, and school connectedness scores at step 3 for all analyses.ResultsSchool connectedness significantly predicted intentions to protect friends from all four injury-risk behaviours, after accounting for the variance attributable to sex, ethnicity and adolescents' own involvement in injury-risks.SignificanceSchool connectedness is negatively associated with adolescents' own injury-risk behaviours. This research extends our knowledge of this critical protective factor, as it shows that students who are connected to school are also more likely to protect their friends from alcohol use, violence and unsafe road behaviours. School connectedness may therefore be an important factor to target in school-based prevention programmes, both to reduce adolescents' own injury-risk behaviour and to increase injury prevention among friends.
IT'S OUR FAULT: BETTER DEFINING EARTHQUAKE RISK IN WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Van Dissen R , Brackley H 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIt's Our Faultis a comprehensive study of Wellington's earthquake risk, and is jointly funded by New Zealand's Earthquake Commission, Accident Compensation Corporation, Wellington City Council, Wellington Region Emergency Management Group, Greater Wellington Regional Council, and Natural Hazards Research Platform.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe project's objective is to position the capital city of New Zealand to become more resilient through an encompassing study of the likelihood of large earthquakes, and the effects and impacts of these earthquakes on humans and the built environment.MethodsAn integrated suite of geological, geophysical, engineering and social science investigations has been undertaken.Results/OutcomesKey results to date include better definition and constraints on: (1) location, size, timing, and likelihood of large earthquakes on the active faults closest to Wellington; (2) earthquake size and ground shaking characterisation of a representative suite of subduction interface rupture scenarios under Wellington; (3) stress interactions between these faults; (4) geological, geotechnical, and geophysical parameterisation of the near-surface sediments and basin geometry in Wellington City and the Hutt Valley; and (5) characterisation of earthquake ground shaking behaviour in these two urban areas in terms of, for example, the subsoil classes specified in the New Zealand Structural Design Standard. Work currently underway includes liquefaction assessment, loss estimation, and social ramifications.Significance/Contribution to the FieldIt's Our Faultinvestigations are already supporting measures aimed at risk reduction, and collectively they will facilitate identification of additional actions that, if applied, will have the greatest benefit towards further increasing the region's resilience to earthquakes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROL AND REPRESSION CAMPAIGNS ON RTA MORTALITY IN A LOW INCOME COUNTRY
Authors: Sobngwi J , Taniform P , Lagarde E 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOn the occasion of the launch of the road safety decade, Cameroon government has conducted a prevention campaign with control and punishment of speeding, and alcohol consumption by drivers on the main intercity roads of Cameroon in June 2011.ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the impact of control and punishment campaigns conducted in Cameroon in 2011 on road traffic accident (RTA) numbers and fatality rate.MethodsWe used the computerised database of RTAs in Cameroon, and compared the period preceding the prevention campaign (January–May 2011) to the period of the prevention campaigns (June–December 2011).ResultsOverall 1425 crashes and 1445 death were recorded in 2011, indicating a 47% decrease of RTAs and 9.7% decrease of death compared to 2010. The average number of RTA per month varied significantly form 128 before the campaign to 112 during the intervention (12% decrease). Overall in 2011, there were 101 deaths per 100 injury accident. The average monthly death rate was 136/month before and 109 during the intervention equivalent to 20% reduction in mortality rate. In addition the severity of injury accidents also decreased from 106 deaths per 100 injury accidents before to 98 during the intervention.SignificanceThe present results provide evidence of a significant reduction in the number of accidents and deaths by RTA in Cameroon obtained through a control-punishment campaign focusing on speed and alcohol consumption. The positive results concerned mainly the less fatal accidents, indicating the need for combined intervention that would also address road infrastructure and vehicles in order to further decrease mortality.
COMPLETENESS OF INJURY OUTCOME DATA IN A COHORT OF CYCLISTS
Authors: Tin Tin S , Woodward A , Ameratunga S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRecord linkage to routinely collected national databases is increasingly used in cohort studies as a cost effective strategy to collect outcome events. However, incomplete or imperfect data remains a concern.AimsThis paper evaluated the completeness of injury outcome data collected in the Taupo Bicycle Study (2590 cyclists followed) for 55 months (1 December 2006 to 30 June 2011).MethodsData on injury producing bicycle crashes were collected through record linkage to insurance claims, hospital discharge and mortality data and police reports. A capture recapture analysis using log-linear models was undertaken to estimate the number of undetected cases. A comparison was made with self-reported data collected in a follow-up survey (2009/2010).ResultsCollectively, 1336 crashes (including 755 on road crashes and 120 collisions with a motor vehicle) experienced by 855 participants were identified from the datasets noted. The estimated completeness of data was 73.7% (95% CI 68.0% to 78.7%) for total crashes, 74.5% (95% CI 69.1% to 79.3%) for on road crashes and 83.3% (95% CI 78.9% to 87.6%) for collisions. There was moderate agreement between self-reported and linked data (kappa: 0.55). The agreement varied by participants' demographic characteristics, pre-existing health conditions and confidence in recalling crash events. Considering self-reported crashes as the gold standard, the linked administrative data has 63.1% sensitivity and 93.5% specificity for total crashes and 40.0% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity for collisions.SignificanceGiven the substantial underestimation of bicycle crashes in routinely collected data, cohort studies using record linkage need to consider and account for potential biases in analyses.
THE VALUE OF MULTI-SOURCE DATA HARVESTING FOR INJURY MORTALITY DATA: THE JAMAICAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Holder Y , McCaw-Binns A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnder-reporting of fatal injuries, especially homicides is common to many Lower and Middle Income Countries and challenges the utility of injury mortality data. Since an evaluation of the vital registration system in 1998, Jamaica has instituted several improvements.AimThis evaluation of 2008 mortality data assessed coverage of the vital registration system and quality of the data generated.MethodologyData from the national vital registration system was complemented by data from hospital medical records, pathology reports, and police reports for fatal events for 2008. A 1-in-10 systematic sample was drawn and with the additional data gleaned from all sources, the cause of death was recoded, if warranted.ResultsFrom the sample, more than one in four fatal injuries (29.3%) was not reported in the year's official mortality statistics as an injury death, due to under-reporting and mis-classification. Both factors varied by external cause, with homicides accounting for 42% of missing deaths, and transport injuries, another 14%, while under-reporting was 32% and 26% respectively. Together, they accounted for 56% of all missing deaths. Although actual numbers were smaller, under-reporting losses were 43% for self-harm, 50% for fire/flames, 78% for drowning and 80% for falls. Misclassification of reported injury deaths, further exacerbated the situation, particularly under-estimating homicides, 6.8% of which had been reported as accidental firearm injuries.ConclusionsIncorporating data from sources other than vital registration identified more than 900 (±200) additional fatal injuries in a mortality database of 19 300, As approximately 500 of these were homicides, it placed the latter on par with diabetes and second only to cerebrovascular disease, with grave implications for priority setting in health policy and planning.
DISTRACTED DRIVING: MOBILE PHONE USE WHILE DRIVING IN THREE MEXICAN CITIES
Authors: Pérez-Nuñez R , Vera-López JD , Hijar M , Hidalgo-Solórzano E , Lunnen JC , Chandran A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundStudies show that the use of cell phones while driving can increase the risk of crashes by up to four-fold; driver reaction times are increased by an estimated 0.5–1.5 s when talking on a mobile telephone. Although some states in Mexico have passed laws to limit cell phone use while driving, very little is known about its actual prevalence in Mexico.ObjectiveTo quantify observed cell phone use by car drivers in three specific Mexican cities.MethodsTwo rounds of roadside observations from a group of randomly selected automobile drivers were conducted in June–August 2011 and December 2011–January 2012 in Guadalajara-Zapopan, León and Cuernavaca. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated demographic and environmental risk factors.ResultsA total of 7895 drivers were observed; 10.79% were using cell phone while driving. Cell phone use was highest in Guadalajara-Zapopan (13.96%; 95% CI 12.90 to 15.08), then Leon with (7.80% 95% CI 6.66 to 9.06) and lowest in Cuernavaca (7.42%; 95% CI 6.30 to 8.67). This prevalence remained stable in the two rounds of observations except for Leon where prevalence increased from 5.2 to 10.4 (p=0.000). Variables found to be associated with this risk were the sex (women), age (<18 years) and type of car (particular cars).Contribution to the FieldThis information fills an important gap in knowledge regarding the use of cell phones while driving in the Mexican population. Authorities should use this information to design and evaluate specific, preventive interventions.