bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis and periodontitis progression: the Hisayama Study
Authors: Takeuchi Kenji , Furuta Michiko , Takeshita Toru , Shibata Yukie , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Akifusa Sumio , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Kiyohara Yutaka , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of serum titres of antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis in the prediction of periodontitis progression in a community‐dwelling adult population.Materials and MethodsThis 4‐year follow‐up cohort study included 183 Japanese individuals (75 men and 108 women) aged 40–49 years. The clinical attachment level was measured at two sites on all teeth present at baseline and follow‐up, and periodontitis progression was defined as progression in attachment loss of ≥3 mm at ≥2 measurement sites. Serum titres of antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated at baseline and served as the primary predictor variable for periodontitis progression.ResultsPeriodontitis progression was found in 8.7% subjects. In a multivariate logistic regression model, higher titres of antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis and male gender were significantly associated with greater odds of periodontitis progression, even after adjustment for other confounding variables (titres of antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis per 10 units: odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–2.36; male gender: odds ratio, 4.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–14.27).ConclusionsElevated serum titres of antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis may be a risk factor for periodontitis progression.
Postabsorptive hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus analyzed with a novel enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiro , Miyagawa Jun‐ichiro , Kusunoki Yoshiki , Miuchi Masayuki , Ikawa Takashi , Akagami Takafumi , Tokuda Masaru , Katsuno Tomoyuki , Kushida Akira , Inagaki Takashi , Namba Mitsuyoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAims/introductionThe aims of the present study were to investigate the performance of a novel sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring glucagon (1–29) with monoclonal antibodies against both the C‐ and N‐terminal regions of glucagon (1–29), and to analyze the differences in plasma levels and responses of glucagon (1–29) to oral glucose loading in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThe cross‐reactivity against proglucagon fragments using the ELISA kit and two types of conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits was evaluated. A 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test was carried out with NGT subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the glucagon (1–29) concentration was measured using three types of kit.ResultsThe ELISA kit clearly had the lowest cross‐reactivity against miniglucagon (19–29) and glicentin (1–61). The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out with 30 NGT and 17 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The glucagon (1–29) levels measured by the ELISA kit after glucose loading were significantly higher at all time‐points in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group than in the NGT group. However, the glucagon (1–29) levels measured by one RIA kit were significantly higher in the NGT group, and those measured with the other RIA kit were approximately the same among the groups.ConclusionsThe novel sandwich ELISA accurately determines plasma glucagon (1–29) concentrations with much less cross‐reactivity against other proglucagon fragments than conventional RIA kits.
Seasonal variation in life history traits in two Drosophila species
Authors: Behrman E. L. , Watson S. S. , O'Brien K. R. , Heschel M. S. , Schmidt P. S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeasonal environmental heterogeneity is cyclic, persistent and geographically widespread. In species that reproduce multiple times annually, environmental changes across seasonal time may create different selection regimes that may shape the population ecology and life history adaptation in these species. Here, we investigate how two closely related species of Drosophila in a temperate orchard respond to environmental changes across seasonal time. Natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans were sampled at four timepoints from June through November to assess seasonal change in fundamental aspects of population dynamics as well as life history traits. D. melanogaster exhibit pronounced change across seasonal time: early in the season, the population is inferred to be uniformly young and potentially represents the early generation following overwintering survivorship. D. melanogaster isofemale lines derived from the early population and reared in a common garden are characterized by high tolerance to a variety of stressors as well as a fast rate of development in the laboratory environment that declines across seasonal time. In contrast, wild D. simulans populations were inferred to be consistently heterogeneous in age distribution across seasonal collections; only starvation tolerance changed predictably over seasonal time in a parallel manner as in D. melanogaster. These results suggest fundamental differences in population and evolutionary dynamics between these two taxa associated with seasonal heterogeneity in environmental parameters and associated selection pressures.
Caste‐biases in gene expression are specific to developmental stage in the ant Formica exsecta
Authors: Morandin C. , Dhaygude K. , Paviala J. , Trontti K. , Wheat C. , Helanterä H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how a single genome creates and maintains distinct phenotypes is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Social insects are a striking example of co‐opted genetic backgrounds giving rise to dramatically different phenotypes, such as queen and worker castes. A conserved set of molecular pathways, previously envisioned as a set of ‘toolkit’ genes, has been hypothesized to underlie queen and worker phenotypes in independently evolved social insect lineages. Here, we investigated the toolkit from a developmental point of view, using RNA‐Seq to compare caste‐biased gene expression patterns across three life stages (pupae, emerging adult and old adult) and two female castes (queens and workers) in the ant Formica exsecta. We found that the number of genes with caste‐biased expression increases dramatically from pupal to old adult stages. This result suggests that phenotypic differences between queens and workers at the pupal stage may derive from a relatively low number of caste‐biased genes, compared to higher number of genes required to maintain caste differences at the adult stage. Gene expression patterns were more similar among castes within developmental stages than within castes despite the extensive phenotypic differences between queens and workers. Caste‐biased expression was highly variable among life stages at the level of single genes, but more consistent when gene functions (gene ontology terms) were investigated. Finally, we found that a large part of putative toolkit genes were caste‐biased at least in some life stages in F. exsecta, and the caste‐biases, but not their direction, were more often shared between F. exsecta and other ant species than between F. exsecta and bees. Our results indicate that gene expression should be examined across several developmental stages to fully reveal the genetic basis of polyphenisms.
Evaluation of the Marginal Fit of CAD/CAM Crowns Fabricated Using Two Different Chairside CAD/CAM Systems on Preparations of Varying Quality
Authors: Renne Walter , Wolf Bethany , Kessler Raymond , McPherson Karen , Mennito Anthony S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the marginal gap of crowns fabricated using two new chairside computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing systems on preparations completed by clinicians with varying levels of expertise to identify whether common preparation errors affect marginal fit. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in the mean marginal gaps of restorations of varying qualities and no difference in the mean marginal gap size between restorations fabricated using the PlanScan (D4D, Richardson, TX, USA) and the CEREC Omnicam (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany).Material and MethodsThe fit of 80 lithium disilicate crowns fabricated with the E4D PlanScan or CEREC Omnicam systems on preparations of varying quality were examined for marginal fit by using the replica technique. These same preparations were then visually examined against common criteria for anterior all‐ceramic restorations and placed in one of four categories: excellent, good, fair, and poor. Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate associations between marginal gap, tooth preparation rating, and fabrication machine.ResultsThe fit was not significantly different between both systems across all qualities of preparation. The average fit was 104 μm for poor‐quality preparations, 87.6 μm for fair preparations, 67.2 μm for good preparations, and 36.6 μm for excellent preparations.ConclusionThe null hypothesis is rejected. It can be concluded that preparation quality has a significant impact on marginal gap regardless of which system is used. However, no significant difference was found when comparing the systems to each other.Clinical SignificanceWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that crown preparation quality has a significant effect on marginal gap of the restoration when the clinician uses either CEREC Omnicam or E4D PlansScan.
Surface Evaluation of Polishing Techniques for New ResilientCAD/CAMRestorative Materials
Authors: Fasbinder Dennis J. , Neiva Gisele F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to measure the surface roughness of milled chairside computer‐assisted design/computer assisted machining (CAD/CAM) restorations using several contouring/polishing systems as to their effectiveness for creating a clinically acceptable surface.Materials and MethodsOne hundred onlays were milled from monolithicCAD/CAMblocks with anMCXLmilling chamber (SironaDental) as follows: 30 resin nano‐ceramic (LavaUltimate, 3M ESPE), 30 hybrid ceramic (Enamic,Vita) and 40 leucite‐reinforced ceramic (EmpressCAD,Ivoclar). A single group ofEmpressCADonlays was glazed‐fired in a porcelain oven (ProgramatCS2,Ivoclar). Finishing and polishing systems consisted of either an abrasive‐polish technique or a brush‐polish technique. Roughness values were measured using a three‐dimensional measuring laser microscope (OLS4000 LEXTbyOlympus).ResultsThere was a significant difference in the baseline surface roughness of theCAD/CAMmaterials (p ≤ 0.05), with the resin nano‐ceramic (LavaUltimate) being smoother than the hybrid ceramic (Enamic), and both being smoother than the leucite‐reinforced ceramic (EmpressCAD). All polishing techniques resulted in a smoother surface compared with the baseline surface for the leucite‐reinforced ceramic (p ≤ 0.05), with both techniques resulting in a significantly smoother surface than glazing in a porcelain oven (p ≤ 0.05). Both polishing techniques resulted in a smoother surface compared with the baseline surface for both the nano‐ceramic and hybrid ceramic materials (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsIt is possible to create an equally smooth surface for chairsideCAD/CAMresilient materials compared with milled ceramics using several finishing and polishing techniques. In general, the polished ceramic surfaces were smoother than the glazed ceramic surfaces.Clinical SignificanceThe results of the study indicate that it is possible to create an equally smooth surface for chairsideCAD/CAMresilient materials compared with milled ceramics using several finishing and polishing techniques. In addition, both polishing techniques resulted in smoother ceramic surfaces when compared to glazed ceramic surfaces. The polished surface of the ceramic material was smoother than the glazed ceramic surface.
Conservative Approach for the Esthetic Management of Multiple Interdental Spaces: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Báez Rosales Abelardo , De Nordenflycht Carvacho Diego , Schlieper Cacciutolo Ramón , Gajardo Guineo Manuel , Gandarillas Fuentes Claudio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo describe a conservative approach using resin‐based composites following a buccolingual layering technique with a customized silicon index for the management of multiple diastemas.Clinical ConsiderationsThis clinical article describes the case of a patient with their anterior teeth esthetically compromised by multiple diastemas, incisal wear, and dull/low‐value cervical composite resin restorations that were managed with nanofilled composite resin using the “buccolingual technique” with a customized silicon index made from a wax‐up to build up the restorations. The first layer of composite placed lingually that represents the enamel replacement was placed directly on the silicon index so that it provides in one single step the lingual profile and the position of the incisal edge of the restoration. Then, dentine and effect composite resin can be applied in a precise three‐dimensional configuration.ConclusionsTo solve esthetic dental problems, as anterior diastemas, in a very conservative and even reversible way, the use of direct resin composites for layering is an excellent choice, but should be performed based on simple and reproducible techniques, as the buccolingual technique.Clinical SignificanceThe clinical technique described in this paper shows the advantages of a conservative approach to correct diastemas on maxillary anterior teeth. The application of these techniques can not only help achieve optimal esthetics, but also avoid the removal of extensive dental hard tissue and achieve a predictable final result, especially in esthetically demanding cases.
Comparison of Acidic and Enzymatic Pectin Extraction from Passion Fruit Peels and Its Gel Properties
Authors: Liew S.Q. , Chin N.L. , Yusof Y.A. , Sowndhararajan K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe influences of extractor concentration, extraction temperature and time on the yield of pectin and degree of esterification (DE) were investigated by the acidic and enzymatic extraction methods. Citric acid and Celluclast were selected as pectin extractors for environmentally friendly reasons. The peels of yellow passion fruit using the acidic and enzymatic extraction methods gave pectin yield of 7.16 and 7.12%, and DE of 71.02 and 85.45% in the optimized condition of extraction time of 102 min with citric acid concentration of 0.19% (w/w) at 75C and Celluclast concentration of 1.67% (w/w) at 61.11C, respectively. The enzymatic extraction method has greater capability of producing high methoxyl pectin. The morphological features of fruit peel powder and the extracted pectin examined by scanning electron microscopy suggested that the nanostructure of wet passion fruit pectin was dependable on the type of extraction process. The formed pectin gel also has pseudoplastic liquid behavior and its viscosity was greatly affected by sugar.Practical ApplicationsPectin has been intensively used as natural gelling agent and stabilizer to alter rheological properties in food ingredients by most food processing industries to achieve desired textural quality. Pectin could be recovery from fruit wastes. The conversion of passion fruit peel into pectin offers great scope for utilization. Citric acid and enzymatic extraction methods are effectively used for pectin extraction which may be of interest by pectin industry and consumer with these eco‐friendly processing technology with no using harmful chemicals. Furthermore, scientific work of this study such as the optimized condition, morphological features of extracted pectin and pectin gel formation contributes valuable information on pectin, which could be beneficial for pectin industry improving the process quality of pectin as well as process profitability.
A methodology to estimate wave‐induced coastal flooding hazard maps in Spain
Authors: Tomás A. , Méndez F.J. , Medina R. , Jaime F.F. , Higuera P. , Lara J.L. , Ortiz M.D. , Álvarez de Eulate M.F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe purpose of the European Flooding Directive (2007/60/CE) is to establish a European framework for the assessment and management of flood risks. The aim is to reduce the adverse flooding consequences on a wide range of topics such as human health, environmental and cultural heritage, and economic activity. In Spain, coastal zone flood hazard and risk maps are managed by the Environment Spanish Ministry (MAGRAMA, Dirección General para la Sostenibilidad de la Costa y el Mar). These maps are designed using the methodology explained in this paper. This methodology allows to perform quick flood hazard maps along the Spanish coast because of the combination of high‐resolution marine climate databases, state‐of‐the‐art numerical models, innovative data‐mining techniques and statistical models.
Statins Provide Less Benefit in Populations with High Noncardiovascular Mortality Risk: Meta‐Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kim Caroline A. , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo examine whether the benefit of statins varied according to cardiovascular (CV) and non‐CV mortality of the treated population.DesignMeta‐analysis and meta‐regression of 16 randomized placebo‐controlled trials.SettingCommunity and hospital.ParticipantsStatin‐ (n = 59,671) and placebo‐treated (n = 59,707) individuals with and without CV disease (mean age 55 to 75).MeasurementsMeta‐regression was used to model relative risks (RRs) of major CV events (myocardial infarction and stroke) and total mortality for statins versus placebo as a function of CV and non‐CV mortality risks of the study population.ResultsEvery 1% increase in 5‐year non‐CV mortality risk of the study population was associated with a 3.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2 to 6.3%) greater RR of major CV events and a 4.4% (95% CI = 2.1 to 6.9%) greater RR of total mortality. (Higher RRs indicate smaller benefits.) CV mortality was not associated with statin effects (P > .05). In stratified analysis according to CV (≥5.3% vs <5.3%) and non‐CV mortality (≥3.8% vs <3.8%) of the study population, statins had little mortality benefit in populations with high non‐CV mortality, regardless of CV mortality (random‐effects pooled RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72 to 0.91, for low CV and low non‐CV mortality; random‐effects pooled RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.76 to 1.06 for low CV and high non‐CV mortality; random‐effects pooled RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.72 to 0.87 for high CV and low non‐CV mortality; random‐effects pooled RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.02 for high CV and high non‐CV mortality). The CV event reduction was also attenuated in populations with high non‐CV mortality (random‐effects pooled RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.75, for low CV and low non‐CV mortality; random‐effects pooled RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.81 for low CV and high non‐CV mortality; random‐effects pooled RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.87 for high CV and low non‐CV mortality; random‐effects pooled RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.92 for high CV and high non‐CV mortality).ConclusionBenefits of statins may depend on the non‐CV mortality risk of the treated population. This should be confirmed using individual‐level data.
Color stability of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium enriched mixture cement
Authors: Eghbal Mohammad Jafar , Torabzadeh Hassan , Bagheban Alireza Akbarzadeh , Shamszadeh Sayna , Marvasti Laleh A. , Asgary Saeed 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of light irradiation and different immersion media on discoloration of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement at different time intervals.MethodsEnamel sections of 12 teeth were removed and six cavities were prepared in each tooth. The cavities were filled randomly either with WMTA or CEM and covered with transparent sealant. Half the specimens were irradiated for 160 sec (eight exposures of 20 sec each) and the remaining were irradiated for 40 sec (two exposures of 20 sec each); digital images were taken after each exposure. The teeth were stored in phosphate buffer saline, oxygen‐rich medium and glycerin (n = 4). Digital images were obtained after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Commission Internationale de I'E'clairage (CIE) color space system and Photoshop CS5 software were used to evaluate the discoloration. The color change (ΔE) and lightness (ΔL) values was analyzed using repeated measures anova and Tukey's Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test.ResultsThe materials tested showed significant discoloration over time (WMT > CEM; P < 0.001). ΔE increased significantly while ΔL decreased in three media over time (P < 0.001). Greater duration of light curing caused a significant decrease in ΔL and ΔE values in both materials (WMTA > CEM; P < 0.001).ConclusionColor stability of WMTA was inferior to CEM samples after exposure to different duration of irradiation and media over time.
Impact of heavy smoking on the clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters of patients with dental implants: a prospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ata‐Ali Javier , Flichy‐Fernández Antonio Juan , Alegre‐Domingo Teresa , Ata‐Ali Fadi , Peñarrocha‐Diago Miguel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate how heavy smoking influences the clinical, microbiological, and host‐response characteristics in peri‐implant sulcus fluid of patients with healthy dental implants.MethodsA total of 29 individuals with 74 dental implants were included in the present study; 20 implants were in heavy smokers and 54 were in non‐smokers. The modified gingival index, modified plaque index, and probing pocket depth were evaluated. Periodontopathogenic bacteria Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated, together with the total bacterial load. Peri‐implant sulcus fluid samples were analyzed for the quantification of interleukin‐8, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α.ResultsNo significant differences in the clinical parameters evaluated were found between the groups, although smokers had poorer peri‐implant parameters. Among the smokers, subgingival microbiota was composed of a greater number of periodontal pathogens; these differences were not statistically significant. Smokers showed a greater expression of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, but interleukin‐8 was slightly higher among non‐smokers, but not significantly.ConclusionsAlthough smokers presented deeper probing depths, bleeding on probing, and peri‐implant microbiota composed of a greater number of periodontal pathogens than in non‐smoking patients, these data did not show significant differences. In the present study, and in relation to the samples analyzed, smoking alone did not influence the immunological and microbiological parameters in dental implants with healthy peri‐implant tissues. Further studies with larger samples are required to better evaluate the influence of smoking on dental implants.