bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumes of Illegal Forest Loggingin Russian Federation
Authors: Кузьмичев Е. , Трушина И. , Лопатин Е. 
Published: July 2024

Вопросы дефиниции термина «незаконные рубки» имеют большое значение для единой трактовки участниками лесных отношений требований к законности рубок. По результатам анализа отраслевой статистики и экспертных оценок объемов незаконных рубок по репрезентативным субъектам Российской Федерации сделаны выводы о необходимости адаптации термина «незаконные рубки» и корректного определения их объема.
The paper highlights problems related to illegal logging. Under review are issues linked to definition of illegal logging, data in illegal logging level according to official statistics and expert estimates in the Russian Federation. Problem of illegal logging term definition has a key role both for its identification, law enforcement and countermeasure system development. Wide range of insufficient offenses during logging of forests and trees and extensive interpretation of illegal logging is unsuitable in particular for forest product exporters to international markets. With regard to its value legal liability taking into account lately established international practice of forest activity definition such logging should not be referred to illegal ones. In the Russian Federation there are 2 independent groups of assessments: official statistical data and expert assessments that vary substantially. Conducted analysis of agency level statistical data proves that both in regions and the whole RF the official statistics does not reflect and cover sufficient offenses during logging. It was found that available sufficient foreign assessments of illegal logging in Russia are not based on own studies but rather on information of various environmental including foreign organizations. Such expert assessments of illegal logging in Russia are based mainly on data that lack sufficient accuracy. Special research studies of this problem is practically unavailable. It was found the Russian federation regions lack research based procedures to calculate timber needs for local communities including apartment heating. Official agency level statistical reporting data does not give a real pattern of forest timber resources utilization for local community needs. The paper gives detailed conclusions on conducted analysis that may enable improvement of illegal logging counteraction.
Bioclimatic framework models for forest tree species provenances
Authors: Александров Г. , Проказин Н. 
Published: July 2024

Предлагаются биоклиматические рамочные модели для климатипов (климатических экотипов) основных лесных древесных пород. Предлагаемые модели разделяют территорию России на климатопы – районы, которые можно считать относительно однородными по биоклиматическим факторам среды, определяющим генетическую адаптацию древесных пород к климатическим условиям.
The paper highlights issues of key tree species adaptation to climatic conditions. It issuggested that climatic factor simpact genetic division of aspecies in to ecotypes [1] according to the site climatic conditions and development of genetically various population provenances with features favour able for adaptation to certain climatic conditions for instance colder or drier climate. Provenance geographical distributionis specified with bioclimatic framework models [2]. Theauthors shaped bioclimatic frame work models for provenances of Common oak, Norway spruce, Siberian spruce, Ajan spruce, Scots pine, Siberian stone pine, Sukachev larch and Siberian larch. The offered provenance framework models divide Russian territory into climatopes – areas presumably with relatively uniform habitat bioclimatic factors. In author's opinion provenence framework models are needed to specify adverse impacts of climate change on forest management which is critical for development of forest management adaptation strategy to estimated global climate change [3].
Structure of white poplar plantations in the river fioodplains of the Middle Don basin
Authors: Ермолова А.С. 
Published: July 2024

Приведена характеристика элементов структуры насаждений тополя белого, проанализирована динамика пространственного размещения деревьев с повышением возраста, выявлена взаимосвязь элементов структуры и строения древостоев со степенью биологической устойчивости белотополевников. Установлено, что различия в структуре и строении коренных насаждений тополя белого разной типологической приуроченности влияют на ход их роста, продуктивность и состояние.
The article considers a complex of characteristics that determines the specific structure of the floodplain white poplar plantings in native groups of forest types and reflects or directly influence the degree of their biological stability. Referring to the existing connection of research on the structure with problems of maintenance of the stability, increasing forest productivity and effective forest management according to the data of contemporary scientists [1-4], the author of the article bases the actuality of his work for plantings of white poplar – as one of the edificator species in the floodplains of the rivers at the middle Don. The principal part of the article decrypts the structure elements of white poplar plantations of different typological affiliation. The study establishes that there are structural differences in the white poplars which growing in the middle and in the nearterrace parts of the floodplain, what manifest as a measure of distribution, the course of growth and productivity, the species composition, the success of natural regeneration. Analysis of the age structure, reveals a negative tendency to aging of white poplar stands, which smoothes out by its high regeneration and afforestation ability. Species of trees and shrubs that can constitute the second layer of the forest stand and underwood in white poplar plantations points out. The study analyzes distribution of white poplars by stand density and characterizes natural thinning at different thickness level in pure and mixed plantings. The horizontal structure of stands of different age and species composition evaluates by character of the spatial distribution. The research reveals that young white poplars is characterized by regular type of placement of suckers, when it grows up is replaced by random distribution or, in the author's opinion, regular-group. In the mature stands, there are tendency to group placement of white poplar trees and its associated species. The age, typological affiliation, the species composition of white poplar plantations determines their biological stability, and the stand density, thickness and course of natural thinning, the presence and composition of the undergrowth and underwood reflect its degree. The study is proved that the heterogeneity of the stand diameter construction indicates a high degree of biological stability of floodplain white poplars. And both indicators changes with age and differs depending on the group of forest types, and this confirms the results of earlier studies [5].
Tree injections – demand and supply
Authors: Несина Э. 
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена обзору современного рынка услуг по проведению инъекционных обработок для защиты деревьев от вредителей и болезней. Проанализированы фирмы, предлагающие инъекции, по форме деятельности, специализации, используемым методам и препаратам. В связи с отсутствием в России препаратов, разрешенных для инъектирования древесных растений, поставлен вопрос о необходимости изменения сложившейся ситуации и создания условий для применения инъекций как экологически безопасного способа защиты деревьев в лесных массивах, садах и парках.
The paper reviews current market of injection treatment application services to protect trees against pests and diseases (in Russia). The companies that offer injections are analyzed according to their activities, specialization level, applied procedures and preparations. The state of the market oftree injection services in Russia clearly demonstrates that such services are in great demand. At the same time, this market is almost completely illegal, as currently there are no preparations allowed for injection. Such an abnormal situation cannot be maintained, since such a situation is capable, on the one hand, of significantly discrediting the very idea of tree injection. Tree injection can become an important part in the system of effective protection of plantprotection. Hence, favorable opportunities should be created for the registration of new modern preparations for the performance of such works. Lack of allowed preparations for application under the specified procedure in Russia, inconsistency of legal and regulatory background for injection applications to protect tree plants is stressed. A conclusion on need of operations to improve available situation and development of injection application conditions as an environmental procedure for preventive and control treatments of trees in forest areas, gardens and parks.
Sanitary State in Drained Pine Stands of the Middle Ural
Authors: Залесов С , Тукачева А. 
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы показатели санитарного состояния сосняков, находящихся под влиянием осушительной мелиорации 29-летней давности в условиях Среднего Урала. Выявлены особенности процесса естественного изреживания в различных типах леса. Установлено влияние удаленности магистрального канала на санитарное состояние древостоя.
On the base of 5 permanent quadrates sanitary state of drained serge-cowbrush, ledum, cowbrush-logmoss pine stands of various forest types have been analyzed [1, 2]. It is noted that in all above mentioned forest types for the whole 29 years when they were subjected to the influence of amelioration action accumulation of a considerable amount of dead trees has taken place; their share constitutes 18,9–32,6% out of the whole quantity; the share of the current year do not exceed 4,3–14,4% as concerns their depth. All the above mentioned testifies the worsening of the forest stands sanitary state. As a whole the average-weight index of sanitary state depends on forest type and medium age at the moment of drying, the index is varying from 2,4 (ledum pine stand) to 2,6-3,5 (cowbrush-logmoss pine stand) and 2,5–2,6 (serge-cowbrush pine stand). Our investigations have shown that practically on all the permanent quadrates the most part of «wealthy» and «weakened» category is concentrated in the neighborhood of drying canal (66,0–91,3%). Those stands growing in intercanal space are represented less amount of dead trees «wealthy» and «weakened» but larger amount of dead trees. The process of natural stand depletion proceeds according to on account of depressed forest thinners part of the tree. The participation share of dead trees by step thickness is decreasing with trees diameter increasing, but it (dead trees stands) is represented in every step thickness that testifies high index of occurrence (from 56,3-100%). We suppose the sanitary state of dried pine stands investigations in conditions of the Middle Ural deserves serious attention and further deep and detailed studying.
Current situation and outlooks of «Avialesookhrana» Central airborne forest protection base
Authors: Акбердин В.В. 
Published: July 2024

Представлен краткий обзор состояния отечественной системы авиационной охраны лесов после передачи полномочий по охране лесов от пожаров субъектам Российской Федерации. Приведены основные результаты работы по контролю лесопожарной обстановки и оказанию помощи в тушении лесных пожаров субъектам Российской Федерации, а также по профессиональной подготовке и повышению квалификации специалистов авиационной охраны лесов. Намечены стратегические цели дальнейшего развития системы авиационной охраны лесов.
Brief review of domestic airborne forest protection situation after transfer of forest fire protection authorities to the Russian Federation subjects. Key results on forest fire situation control and assistance in forest fire suppression to the Russian Federation subjects as well as professional training and extension of airborne forest protection specialists. Strategic goals for further development of airborne forest protection. Experience of centralized airborne forest protection operation and after its decentralization shows that further development strategy should at establishment of united federal airborne forest protection service to protect forest resource lands against wild fires in airborne forest operation area as well as forest protection in federal specially protected natural territory lands. Whole set of objectives in legislation, funding, staff training arrangement, material technical infrastructure including establishment of aircraft formation for mobile delivery of airborne fire teams, fire suppression explosives, forest fire situation monitoring should be addressed to reach this goal.
Unknown international expedition of North forest explorers
Authors: Седых В.Н. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты международной экспедиции, проведенной в 1993 г. с целью рекогносцировочного обследования инфраструктуры нефтегазового комплекса и состояния лесоболотных экосистем для установления главных проблем, на которых следовало бы сосредоточить усилия при научной проработке их решения.
The paper covers information on the international expedition in August 15-30, 1993 in the Tumenskaya region territory in "Noyabrskneftegaz" (Noyabrsk) operation area in the Taz river basin (Krasnoselkup). 19 forest environmental specialists from Russia and 14 foreign experts from the USA, Canada, Austria, England, France and Greece participated in the expedition. Key expedition goal – expert assessment of environmental condition of forest wetland packages subject to man-made stress in oil and gas field development areas and search of solutions to address North West Siberia nature conservation challenges of world-wide value. The expedition findings noted that human disturbed areas in surveyed territory need forest recultivation aimed at arrangement of fast recovery of initial vegetation communities and whole biocoenocises. Recultivation of these lands needs technologies that ensure faster recovery of young vegetation communities compared to available ones. Based on natural facility condition reconnaissance survey the expedition stated its view of forest swampland pattern condition and suggested operations to improve North nature protection activities completely presented in "North forest explorer international expedition report" entrusted to the custody of the local history museum in Noyabrsk, Yamalo-Nenetsky autonomous district.
Scientific Basis Legalization of Timber Тrade
Authors: Николаев А.И. 
Published: July 2024

Изложены пути решения основных проблем в области легализации оборота лесной продукции и пресечения незаконных рубок. Отмечены недостатки в существующих системах учета древесины, контроля рынка лесной продукции и подходах к сертификации. Предложена технология биометрии древесных растений, позволяющая идентифицировать ресурс на принципах персонификации, что является отправной точкой формирования любой системы учета и контроля.
The article Scientific basis legalization of timber trade provides a stepbystep study of the shortcomings of existing systems of wood accounting, control over its turnover in the market of paper products and certification of the legality of its origin. The problems of constructing a hierarchy of functioning of such systems with the justification of the correct approach and strict subordination of the links are considered. The main part of the article describes the functioning of the proposed system of control over the circulation and legalization of wood products with the justification of each link. The necessity of supporting such systems on the basis of marking and identification of forest products by methods that allow to personify each individual woody plant is proved. Substantiates the use of the existing woody plants unique and permanent signs identifying patterns of tree rings. The developed technology of biometrics of woody plants is described, which allows to create an individual label bioinformatic passport of a woody plant according to the pattern of annual rings, the authenticity of which can not be changed. The terminology of application of biometrics to woody plants has been expanded. In the course of research, the basic principles of creating a system of legalization of forest resource turnover are formed, the positive results of the use of the developed technologies are presented. By scaling the proposed technology and architecture of the system to really create a domestic certification system, devoid of negative and controversial aspects of existing systems.
Research in Derivative Forests of the Southern Taiga on the Sites of the Northern Forest Experimental Station of the Institute of Forestry RAS
Authors: Дерюгин А.А. , Рыбакова Н.А. 
Published: July 2024

Приведена краткая история исследований на Северной ЛОС Института лесоведения РАН. Проанализированы результаты многолетних стационарных наблюдений сукцессионных процессов в типичных для южной тайги березняках с подпологовой популяцией ели. Рассмотрена динамика ценопопуляции ели по стадиям возрастного развития березняка. Изучены рост ели, динамика возрастной и парцеллярной структур фитоценоза, семеношение и возобновление ели.
The directions and results of researches at the forest objects of the Institute of Forest Science RAS Northern experimental station for a 60-year period are considered. The role of various environmental factors on the development of forest phytocenoses has been determined. Peculiarities of the physicochemical properties and water regime of soils, the structure of root systems, nitrogen and carbon nutrition of phytocenosis elements in connection with forest types and cutting of stands have been revealed. As a result, a detailed characterization of the southern taiga biocenoses types was given and the soil-ecological foundations of forestry for the research region were developed. Investigations of the birch forests succession process with understorey spruce population remain relevant. This is due to insufficient knowledge of the late stages of birch forests development. The basis of forming under the canopy of birch spruce forest the first generation or, renewed during the first 25-30 years of life of birch. Succession processes in the considered phytocenoses proceed very slowly. Spruce is introduced into the first tier of the stand at the age of 7580 years in 80-90-year-old birch. However, the number and proportion of such trees is extremely small (in 115-year-old birch 60 PCs. ha-1, 17 by number of trees, 9 by stock of stem wood). By the age of natural maturity of birch (120 years) is formed by spruce forest with low completeness (0,3) and the performance of the relevant IV class. Change of birch stands at the age of natural ripeness by high-performance spruce stands is impossible. The process of natural change of birch spruce forests, given the age of technical ripeness of future spruce forests, can be delayed for at least 200 years.
Studing the Change of the Vegetation Cover of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve on the Material of Remote Sensing of the Earth
Authors:  Лебедев А.В. 
Published: July 2024

На примере заповедника «Кологривский лес» проведено тематическое дешифрирование снимков Landsat 5. За 1984–2011 гг. составлены тематические карты преобладающих древесных пород, по которым выявлены основные направления изменения растительного покрова.
The article is devoted to the study of changes in the vegetation cover of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve based on materials of remote sensing of the Earth. The materials for the study were data from Landsat satellites for the period from 1973 to 2011. The classification of objects in the pictures was carried out in five classes: 1 – dark coniferous forests, 2 – light coniferous forests, 3 – deciduous forests, 4 – open areas (fires, cuttings, fields, meadows, etc.), 5 – water bodies. The best classification quality was achieved using Random Forest and CatBoost algorithms. Random Forest was chosen as the final model of the classifier. For 1984, on the Kologriv site of the reserve, the areas of forest not covered by clear cutting were preserved mainly along the rivers Sekha, Londushka and Ponga and the area of the Kologrivsky Forest Natural Monument. In spite of the measures taken for the reproduction of forests on the felling sites, the upper canopy of renewal is mainly represented by deciduous species, under which spruce cultures were in a depressed state. The lack of timely care for crops and the natural renewal of spruce led to the formation of birch in most of the territory of the stands. 12 years later, after a major forest fire in 1972, more than 85% of the territory of the Manturovo site of the reserve was covered with forest tree vegetation, and pine was the predominant species for a considerable area. By 2011, the pine was dominant in the forest fund.
Analysis of the Transport Accessibility of the Forest Fund in the Kostroma region
Authors: Чудецкий А.И. , Сидоренкова Е.М. , Макаров С.С. 
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты предварительного анализа транспортной доступности лесов Костромской обл. на основе показателя плотности дорог. Представлены данные, характеризующие дорожную ситуацию на территории региона, в частности состояние дорожно-транспортной сети на землях лесного фонда. По результатам натурных обследований установлены основные причины ухудшения состояния лесных дорог.
Kostroma region has a geographical location, characterized by the presence of adjacent borders with 5 regions of the Russian Federation, proximity to Moscow and Yaroslavl, passing of the main railways, waterways and highways pass through the region. Kostroma region is located in the southern taiga region of the European part of Russia. Problems of socio-economic development of the region include infrastructural restrictions associated with a sparse transport network in the north-eastern part and the unsatisfactory condition of a significant part of the horn and access roads, including forest roads. The development of the region’s timber industry complex is constrained by the low density of forest roads with several large timber processing centers. According to a preliminary assessment of the transport accessibility of the region’s forests by road density, only 2 out of 21 forest districts have average transport accessibility, the rest have low (11 forest districts) and very low (7 forest districts) transport access, and the territory of 1 forestry is difficult to access. The density of roads in the forest fund varies from 2,0 to 10,8 km / 1000 ha. The main share of the road transport network is made up of unpaved roads (89,6 % of the total length). As a result of field surveys of the state of forest roads of various types in several districts of the Kostroma region, a deterioration in the condition of forest roads is noted when moving away from federal and regional roads, from regional centers and paths connecting with large forest processing centers, and also depending on the type of landscape and hydrological terrain and other climatic features.