bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wound healing in development
Authors: Lee Yun‐Shain , Wysocki Annette , Warburton David , Tuan Tai‐Lan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWound healing is the inherent ability of an organism to protect itself against injuries. Cumulative evidence indicates that the healing process patterns in part embryonic morphogenesis and may result in either organ regeneration or scarring, phenomena that are developmental stage‐ or age‐dependent. Skin is the largest organ. Its morphogenesis and repair mechanisms have been studied extensively due not only to its anatomical location, which allows easy access and observation, but also to its captivating structure and vital function. Thus, this review will focus on using skin as a model organ to illustrate new insights into the mechanisms of wound healing that are developmentally regulated in mammals, with special emphasis on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway and its crosstalk with TGF‐β signaling. Relevant information from studies of other organs is discussed where it applies, and the clinical impact from such knowledge and emerging concepts on regenerative medicine are discussed in perspective. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 96:213–222, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Scalable Preparation Method for SILP and SCILL Ionic Liquid Thin‐Film Materials
Authors: Werner S. , Szesni N. , Kaiser M. , Haumann M. , Wasserscheid P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSupported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts consist of a homogeneous catalyst that is dissolved in an ionic liquid and dispersed on a porous support material. This immobilization technique yields solid catalysts that can be applied in continuous gas phase processes. Recently, several successful applications have been presented that could possibly lead to a commercialization of this promising class of novel materials. The state‐of‐the‐art preparation method uses an incipient wetness‐type impregnation of the support material by a solution of catalyst, ionic liquid, and a helper solvent, followed by subsequent removal of the helper solvent in vacuo. Typically, this removal is carried out in a rotary evaporator, thus being limited in batch size. Similarly, the so‐called supported catalysts with ionic liquid layer (SCILL) consist of an ionic liquid layer on top of a traditional heterogeneous catalyst, which can be prepared in a similar way. In this work, a novel preparation method for SILP catalysts is presented that is scalable for larger batches, as required for industrial use. Different types of support materials such as powders, spheres, agglomerates, and extrudates were successfully impregnated by the novel fluidized‐bed impregnation method and the distribution of the ionic liquid and catalyst was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurements.
Effects of ion exchange and calcinations on the structure and photocatalytic activity of hydrothermally prepared titanate nanotubes
Authors: Kim M. , Hwang S.‐H. , Lim S. K. , Kim S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTitanate nanotubes (TiNTs) were prepared by alkaline hydrothermal processing. The TiNTs are thermodynamically unstable and easily transformed to the titania phase by heat or acid treatment. These phase transformations are affected by the preparation conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of using the washing process to modify the sodium content of the TiNTs. After an alkaline hydrothermal process was used to prepare the TiNTs, the resulting suspensions were washed with weak acid solution and distilled water until the pH value of the wash solution reached approximately 1 or 7, and the products were identified as H‐TiNTs or Na‐TiNTs, respectively. The characteristics and photocatalytic activities of the H‐TiNTs and Na‐TiNTs were compared for various calcination temperatures. The H‐TiNTs were transformed completely to anatase‐type TiO2 by dehydration during calcination, while the crystallinity of the Na‐TiNTs increased with calcination temperature. However, the photocatalytic H2 production rates on calcined H‐TiNTs were much higher than on Na‐TiNTs, which could be attributed to the crystalline anatase phase.
Template effects on the morphology of ZnO via colloidal crystals with different functional groups
Authors: Fu Ming , Cui Jinfang , Yang Mei , Jiang Rong , He Dawei , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractZnO is an important wide bandgap compound semiconducting material and exhibits a wide range of novel structures that can be grown by tuning the growth rates along its fast growth directions. Highly ordered macroporous materials by using colloidal crystal template method are of great interest in many fields including photonic crystals and catalysts. In this study, ZnO with highly ordered porous structure was deposited by different electrochemical method. Nanomeshes, inverse opal structures, and spherical/ellipsoidal particles with pore arrays are fabricated by the colloidal crystals with different functional groups. The template effects on the morphology of the macroporous structures for different surface groups are studied. All the nanomeshes grows along the {111} plane family by colloidal crystals without functional groups. Disordered arrangements of the nanomeshes are induced by colloidal crystals with hydroxyl groups. The inverse opal structures fabricated by template with carboxyl groups are smoother in surface.
Regulation of adiponectin secretion and expression by insulin and β‐agonists in rat
Authors: Li Gang , Cong Li , Chen Xiaoqing , Chen Ke , Li Fanghong , Zhao Allan Z. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe adipocytokines, including adiponectin, are important factors in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is proved that concentrations of adiponectin are decreased in obesity, an insulin resistant state. The current study is to address potential mechanisms regulating adiponectin secretion and expression in vivo. To observe the regulation of adiponectin by fasting‐refeeding and β‐agonists, male Wistar rats were fasted for 18 h and allowed to refeed with/without a β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist infused into refeeding rats. We also investigated the effects of insulin clamp on adiponectin secretion and expression, including euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp and hyperglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp. Plasma adiponectin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Using real‐time PCR assays, we analyzed the expression of adiponectin genes in rat primary adipocytes. Refeeding of 18‐h fasted rats increased plasma adiponectin concentration (∼2‐fold) and adipose tissue adiponectin expression (∼3‐fold), and these effects were mimicked by hyperinsulinemia in the absence of refeeding and completely blocked by administration of β‐agonists during refeeding. We conclude that (i) adiponectin secretion and expression are acutely regulated in vivo by nutritional status; (ii) in vivo, insulin and β‐agonists act directly at the adipocyte to regulate adiponectin secretion and expression.
Two iterative channel estimation algorithms in single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) LTE systems
Authors: Liu Yang , Sezginer Serdar 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTAccurate channel estimation is a challenging problem in a long term evolution systems especially in highly selective channels. In this paper, two iterative channel estimation algorithms are proposed to efficiently estimate channels over the orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols containing pilot symbols. The first one is proposed based on a simple interpolation algorithm, named as simple iterative frequency interpolation (SIFI), and improves the system performances with low implementation complexity. The second one is derived from the traditional expectation maximisation (EM) algorithm in OFDM systems. In order to deal with the ‘null’ subcarriers in the guard band and make the algorithm converge, the truncated singular value decomposition method is integrated to truncated singular value decomposition expectation‐maximisation (TSVD‐EM). Both channel estimation algorithms are followed by a simple linear interpolation in time domain to obtain channel estimates over the whole subframe. Complexities of the proposed algorithms are also analysed and compared. Simulation results show that the SIFI algorithm outperforms the traditional interpolation method with a low complexity, and the TSVD‐EM algorithm approaches the best achievable performance with a reduced complexity.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete filter operators for large‐eddy simulation using high‐order spectral difference methods
Authors: Lodato Guido , Castonguay Patrice , Jameson Antony 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe combination of a high‐order unstructured spectral difference (SD) spatial discretization scheme with sub‐grid scale (SGS) modeling for large‐eddy simulation is investigated with particular focus on the consistent implementation of a structural mixed model based on the scale similarity hypothesis. The difficult task of deriving a consistent formulation for the discrete filter within the SD element of arbitrary order led to the development of a new class of three‐dimensional constrained discrete filters. The discrete filters satisfy a set of selected criteria and are completely local within the SD element. Their weights can be automatically computed at run time from the number of solution points within each element and the expected filter cutoff length scale. The novel discrete filters can be applied to any SGS model involving explicit filtering and to a broad class of high‐order discontinuous finite element numerical schemes. The code is applied to the computation of turbulent channel flows at three Reynolds numbers, namely Reτ = 180, 395, and 590 (based on the friction velocity uτ and channel half‐width δ). Results from computations with and without the SGS model are compared against results from direct numerical simulation. The numerical experiments suggest that the results are sensitive to the use of the SGS model, even when a high‐order numerical scheme is used, especially when the grid resolution is kept relatively low and mostly in terms of resolved Reynolds stresses. Results obtained using existing filters based on the projection of the solution over lower‐order polynomial bases are also shown and demonstrate that these filters are inadequate for SGS modeling purposes, mostly because of their inability to enforce the selected cutoff length scale with sufficient accuracy. The use of the similarity mixed formulation proved to be particularly accurate in reproducing SGS interactions, confirming that its well‐known potential can be realized in conjunction with state‐of‐the‐art high‐order numerical schemes.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon–clay composite obtained from the decomposition of cellulose nanocrystals on the surface of expanded vermiculite
Authors: de Mesquita João P. , Reis Leonardo S. , Purceno Aluir D. , Donnici Claudio L. , Lago Rochel M. , Pereira Fabiano V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are highly crystalline rod‐shaped nanoparticles, which can be obtained from different cellulose sources through acid hydrolysis. The nanometer size, morphology, facile preparation, and relatively low cost make these nanomaterials a new interesting candidate as precursor of biomass‐based carbon nanostructures.ResultsCellulose nanocrystals were highly dispersed on the surface and in the internal layers of expanded vermiculite clay (EV) and thermally decomposed to form a carbon coating. SEM/EDS, TEM, IR, Raman, TGA and BET techniques showed the presence of nanostructures formed by films, agglomerates and spherical particles composed of amorphous and graphitic carbon throughout the EV surface.ConclusionThe modified EV with carbon nanostructures produced a strongly hydrophobic porous material that can potentially be used to absorb oil in spilling accidents and emerging contaminants in water.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment and profiling of the fatty acids in two ackee fruit (Blighia sapida Köenig) varieties during different ripening stages
Authors: Emanuel Machel A , Gutierrez‐Orozco Fabiola , Yahia Elhadi M , Benkeblia Noureddine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The ripening of fruits is characterized by physical, chemical and biochemical compositional changes such as color, sugars and phenolic compounds. Ackee fruit is famous in Jamaica and the Caribbean. This study aimed to assess the variation of fatty acids in two varieties (cheese and butter) ackee (Blighia sapida) fruits during five different ripening stages.RESULTS: The total fatty acid content of ackee fruit was much higher in arils and ranged from 283.4 to 465.1 g kg−1 dry weight (DW), while in husk they ranged from 235.2 to 465.1 g kg−1 DW in both varieties. Total fatty acid content declined in the arils and the husks as the fruit ripened. Five major fatty acids were found: palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). In the arils, oleic acid was found at the highest concentration, followed by palmitic, stearic, linoleic and last linolenic acid. The unsaturated:saturated ratio of fatty acids varied from 1.23 to 3.26 in the arils of both varieties, and from 1.03 to 5.05 in the husk. Monounsaturated:polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 8.56 to 25.19 in the arils and from 0.62 to 2.33 in the husk.CONCLUSION: The results show that ackee arils contain much higher levels of fats than the husk and the major fatty acid in the arils was oleic acid (Δ9‐cis‐oleic acid, an omega n‐9), while in the husk unsaturated fatty acids were higher than the saturated ones. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid in both varieties, and aril fatty acid content was 10–20 times higher than in the husk. In both varieties, unsaturated fatty acids were relatively higher than saturated ones; however, total fatty acids showed a decline with ripening for arils and husk tissues. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics in raw and grilled ovine meat
Authors: Martínez‐Arellano Isadora , Severiano‐Pérez Patricia , Fernández Francisco José , Ponce‐Alquicira Edith 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of storage time on sensory attributes and physicochemical characteristics (pH, L*, a*, b* color parameters, protein solubility, Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), texture profile analysis (TPA), proteolytic activity, moisture and peptide changes) were evaluated as indicators of ovine meat quality changes during refrigeration. Meat samples were stored for 14 days at 2 ± 1 °C. The samples were divided into two sections: one was analyzed raw and the other was grilled to 72 ± 2 °C prior to analysis. The data were examined using multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis).RESULTSTenderness showed a positive relationship with pH (0.55), and brightness presented a high correlation with sarcoplasmic protein solubility (−0.83) and L* (0.85) in raw ovine meat. Variations during storage were observed; for instance, textural parameters had a maximum value on the third day of storage for raw and grilled meat and decreased over the following days. Conversely, days 7 and 14 were distinguished by higher L* and b* values and by a greasy and bloody odor in the raw ovine meat. On day 14, grilled meat was characterized by chewiness on TPA, an intense grilled‐meat odor and intense flavor, which had a positive relationship with cytochrome c equivalents (0.89). Likewise, sensory hardness was highly correlated with WBSF in grilled meat (0.89).CONCLUSIONThis information may be useful for describing and predicting ovine meat quality for both consumers and processors. Therefore, vacuum‐packaged ovine meat can be stored for 14 days without disagreeable color to the consumer, and the raw meat texture is tender.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of methyl jasmonate on energy metabolism in peach fruit during chilling stress
Authors: Jin Peng , Zhu Hong , Wang Jing , Chen Jingjing , Wang Xiaoli , Zheng Yonghua 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundEnergy status is associated with ripening, senescence and physiological disorder of various types of fruit after harvest, including peaches. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was effective in enhancing chilling tolerance in cold‐stored peach fruit. The effect of MeJA on energy metabolism in peach fruit was investigated.ResultsMeJA treatment increased the contents of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate, but decreased the content of adenosine monophosphate, which resulted in a higher level of energy charge in peach fruit. Enzyme activities including H+‐adenosine triphosphatase, Ca2+‐adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase were also higher in MeJA‐treated fruit than those in control fruit. Meanwhile, MeJA treatment markedly inhibited the increase of ion leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde, super‐oxidant radical and hydrogen peroxide.ConclusionThese results indicated that MeJA could enhance chilling tolerance of peach fruit by inducing enzyme activities related to energy metabolism and maintaining high levels of ATP and energy charge.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Inflammation, wound repair, and fibrosis: reassessing the spectrum of tissue injury and resolution
Authors: White Eric S , Mantovani Alberto R 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEstimates from various disease‐specific registries suggest that chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disorders affect a large proportion of the world's population, yet therapies for these conditions are largely ineffective. Recent advances in our collective understanding of mechanisms underlying both physiological and pathological repair of tissue injury are informing new clinical approaches to deal with various human inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This 2013 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology offers an up‐to‐date glimpse of ongoing research in the fields of inflammation, wound healing, and tissue fibrosis, and highlights novel pathways and mechanisms that may be exploited to provide newer, more effective treatments to patients worldwide suffering from these conditions.
The role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Janssen Wiebke , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Cooke John , Weissmann Norbert , Guenther Andreas , Schermuly Ralph Theo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is a devastating and progressive parenchymal lung disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) display a compromised lung function alongside pathophysiological features such as highly increased production of extracellular matrix, alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction, and disordered fibroproliferation – features that are due to a dysregulated response to alveolar injury. Under pathophysiological conditions of IPF, abnormally high concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) are found, likely a result of increased activity of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), giving rise to products that contribute to fibrosis development. It is known that pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of NOS2 reduces pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting a role for NOS inhibitors in the treatment of fibrosis. Recent reports identified a critical enzyme, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), which is exceedingly active in patients suffering from IPF and in mice treated with bleomycin. An up‐regulation of DDAH was observed in primary alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells from mice and patients with pulmonary fibrosis, where it co‐localizes with NOS2. DDAH is a key enzyme that breaks down an endogenous inhibitor of NOS, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), by metabolizing it to l‐citrulline and dimethylamine. DDAH was shown to modulate key fibrotic signalling cascades, and inhibition of this enzyme attenuated many features of the disease in in vivo experiments, suggesting a possible new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients suffering from IPF.
Decreased membrane complement regulators in the retinal pigmented epithelium contributes to age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Ebrahimi Katayoon B , Fijalkowski Natalia , Cano Marisol , Handa James T 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDysregulated complement is thought to play a central role in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms have yet to be determined. In maculae of AMD specimens, we found that the complement regulatory protein, CD59, was increased in regions of uninvolved retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) of early AMD, but decreased in the RPE overlying drusen and in geographic atrophy, an advanced form of AMD. While CD46 immunostaining was basolaterally distributed in the RPE of unaffected controls, it was decreased in diseased areas of early AMD samples. Since oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (oxLDL) collect in drusen of AMD and are a known complement trigger, we treated ARPE‐19 cells with oxLDL and found that cellular CD46 and CD59 proteins were decreased by 2.9‐ and nine‐fold (p < 0.01), respectively. OxLDLs increased complement factor B mRNA and Bb protein, but not factor D, I or H. OxLDLs increased C3b, but not C3a, C5 or C5b‐9. C5b‐9 was increased by 27% (p < 0.01) when the medium was supplemented with human serum, which was sufficient to induce poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage, a marker of apoptosis. The decreased levels of CD46 and CD59 were in part explained by their release in exosomal and apoptotic membranous particles. In addition, CD59 was partially degraded through activation of IRE1α. Collectively, these results suggest that a combination of impaired complement regulators results in inadequately controlled complement by the RPE in AMD that induces RPE damage. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topological insulator nanostructures
Authors: Cha Judy J. , Koski Kristie J. , Cui Yi 
Published: October 2012

Abstractmagnified imageTopological insulators provide a gateway to investigate fundamental quantum behaviours of exotic quasi‐particles as well as the promise to revolutionize modern technology. This is due to their unique surface states that are robust against time reversal perturbation and exhibit unique spin‐momentum locking property. Enhancing the surface state signal in proportion to the bulk of the material is critical to study the surface states and for future electronics applications. This can be achieved by making topological insulators into nanostructures, which have large surface to volume ratios thus maximizing the topological surface state signal. This article reviews the recent progress made in topological insulator nanostructures including chemical and physical synthesis techniques to make topological insulator nanostructures, notable transport experiments, and current efforts to protect the surface states from degradation. Lastly, future transport studies using topological insulator nanostructures and various chemical methods to tune their materials properties for diverse electronic applications are suggested. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Promoting positive youth development in the face of contextual changes and challenges: The roles of individual strengths and ecological assets
Authors: Lerner Richard M. , Bowers Edmond P. , Geldhof G. John , Gestsdóttir Steinunn , DeSouza Lisette 
Published: October 2012

AbstractExperiencing positive and healthy youth development may be particularly challenging in the face of abrupt, major, rapid, or nonnormative ecological changes. Aligning individual youth strengths and ecological assets may promote youth thriving in the face of these changes.