bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IceMole: a maneuverable probe for clean in situ analysis and sampling of subsurface ice and subglacial aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Dachwald Bernd , Mikucki Jill , Tulaczyk Slawek , Digel Ilya , Espe Clemens , Feldmann Marco , Francke Gero , Kowalski Julia , Xu Changsheng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere is significant interest in sampling subglacial environments for geobiological studies, but they are difficult to access. Existing ice-drilling technologies make it cumbersome to maintain microbiologically clean access for sample acquisition and environmental stewardship of potentially fragile subglacial aquatic ecosystems. The IceMole is a maneuverable subsurface ice probe for clean in situ analysis and sampling of glacial ice and subglacial materials. The design is based on the novel concept of combining melting and mechanical propulsion. It can change melting direction by differential heating of the melting head and optional side-wall heaters. The first two prototypes were successfully tested between 2010 and 2012 on glaciers in Switzerland and Iceland. They demonstrated downward, horizontal and upward melting, as well as curve driving and dirt layer penetration. A more advanced probe is currently under development as part of the Enceladus Explorer (EnEx) project. It offers systems for obstacle avoidance, target detection, and navigation in ice. For the EnEx-IceMole, we will pay particular attention to clean protocols for the sampling of subglacial materials for biogeochemical analysis. We plan to use this probe for clean access into a unique subglacial aquatic environment at Blood Falls, Antarctica, with return of a subglacial brine sample.
Villes marchandes et villes rebelles : préparation aux méga-évènements et reconfiguration des formes d'exercice du pouvoir au Brésil
Authors: Rousseau Juliette 
Published: May 2014

Depuis l’annonce de sa sélection en tant que pays hôte de la Coupe du monde de football en 2007, jusqu’au début effectif de celle-ci en juin 2014, le Brésil est passé par un véritable processus de reconfiguration, tant de ses espaces urbains que d’une partie de son cadre législatif et des logiques et formes de pouvoir à l’œuvre. Un processus en forme de rouleau compresseur, dont le passage ne s’est pas fait sans dommages ni résistances, illustrant certaines des nombreuses mutations en cours dans la société brésilienne.
Le progrès dans l'ordre
Authors: Basson Jean-Charles 
Published: May 2014

La tenue de la 20 e Coupe du monde de football au Brésil en juin juillet 2014 est présentée comme l’opportunité pour cette nation émergente de renouer avec son ambitieux projet moderniste en affichant la réussite de son programme de rénovation et de construction de grandes enceintes sportives destinées à accueillir les matchs de la compétition internationale. Toutefois, la magnificence architecturale et la vaste entreprise d’intervention urbaine qui l’accompagne ont leur revers : inspirés des principes de la prévention situationnelle, les techniques sollicitées et les dispositifs mis en place sont davantage mobilisés pour garantir des impératifs sécuritaires drastiques que pour célébrer, dans la liesse, la fête « do futebol ».
Pas vus, pas pris : la médicalisation de la performance dans le football
Authors: Le Blanc Noé 
Published: May 2014

Le dopage généralisé qui touche le foot fait l’objet d’un déni qui l’est tout autant. Reconnaître l’étendue du phénomène serait sans doute admettre trop ouvertement que l’important dans le football n’est pas de participer, mais de gagner. Mouvements a rencontré Jean-Pierre de Mondenard 1 , médecin spécialisé dans le sport, afin d’apporter à ce dossier un point de vue rarement mis en lumière : l’importance du dopage dans le football.
IL-2 Phosphorylates STAT5 To Drive IFN-γ Production and Activation of Human Dendritic Cells
Authors: Herr Florence , Lemoine Roxane , Gouilleux Fabrice , Meley Daniel , Kazma Ihab , Heraud Audrey , Velge-Roussel Florence , Baron Christophe , Lebranchu Yvon 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Human dendritic cells (hDCs) produce IL-2 and express IL-2R α-chain (CD25), but the role of IL-2 in DC functions is not well defined. A recent study suggested that the main function of CD25 on hDCs was to transpresent IL-2 to activate T lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate the expression of the three chains of the IL-2R on hDCs and that IL-2 induces STAT5 phosphorylation. Interestingly, use of inhibitors of p-STAT5 revealed that IL-2 increases LPS-induced IFN-γ through STAT5 phosphorylation. Finally, we report that IL-2 increases the ability of hDCs to activate helpless CD8+ T cells, most likely because of IL-2–triggered IFN-γ synthesis, as we previously described. For the first time, to our knowledge, we disclose that IL-2 induces monocyte-derived hDC's functional maturation and activation through IL-2R binding. Interestingly, our study suggests a direct effect of anti-CD25 mAbs on hDCs that may contribute to their clinical efficacy.
The Longevity of Memory CD8 T Cell Responses after Repetitive Antigen Stimulations
Authors: Rai Deepa , Martin Matthew D. , Badovinac Vladimir P. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In experimental models in which the Ag-stimulation history of memory CD8 T cell populations was clearly defined (adoptive transfer of a known number of TCR-transgenic memory CD8 T cells), all facets of the ensuing CD8 T cell responses, including proliferative expansion, duration and extent of contraction, diversification of memory CD8 T cell transcriptomes, and life-long survival, were dependent on the number of prior Ag encounters. However, the extent to which sequential adoptive-transfer models reflect the physiological scenario in which memory CD8 T cells are generated by repetitive Ag challenges of individual hosts (no adoptive transfer involved) is not known. Direct comparison of endogenous memory CD8 T cell responses generated in repetitively infected hosts revealed that recurrent homologous boosting was required to preserve the numbers and increase the phenotypic and functional complexity of the developing memory CD8 T cell pool. Although life-long survival of the memory CD8 T cells was not impacted, phenotype (i.e., upregulation of CD62L) and function (i.e., homeostatic turnover, Ag-stimulated IL-2 production) of repeatedly stimulated memory CD8 T cells were dependent on time after last Ag encounter. Therefore, repetitive Ag challenges of individual hosts can substantially influence the numerical and functional attributes of polyclonal memory CD8 T cells, a notion with important implications for the design of future vaccination strategies aimed at increasing the number of protective memory CD8 T cells.
IFN Priming Is Necessary but Not Sufficient To Turn on a Migratory Dendritic Cell Program in Lupus Monocytes
Authors: Rodriguez-Pla Alicia , Patel Pinakeen , Maecker Holden T. , Rossello-Urgell Jose , Baldwin Nicole , Bennett Lynda , Cantrell Victoria , Baisch Jeanine , Punaro Marilynn , Gotte Alisa , Nassi Lorien , Wright Tracey , Palucka Anna Karolina , Banchereau Jacques , Pascual Virginia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Blood monocytes from children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) behave similar to dendritic cells (DCs), and SLE serum induces healthy monocytes to differentiate into DCs in a type I IFN–dependent manner. In this study, we found that these monocytes display significant transcriptional changes, including a prominent IFN signature, compared with healthy controls. Few of those changes, however, explain DC function. Exposure to allogeneic T cells in vitro reprograms SLE monocytes to acquire DC phenotype and function, and this correlates with both IFN-inducible (IP10) and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL6) expression. Furthermore, we found that both IFN and SLE serum induce the upregulation of CCR7 transcription in these cells. CCR7 protein expression, however, requires a second signal provided by TLR agonists such as LPS. Thus, SLE serum “primes” a subset of monocytes to readily (&lt;24 h) respond to TLR agonists and acquire migratory DC properties. Our findings might explain how microbial infections exacerbate lupus.
Spectrum and Mechanisms of Inflammasome Activation by Chitosan
Authors: Bueter Chelsea L. , Lee Chrono K. , Wang Jennifer P. , Ostroff Gary R. , Specht Charles A. , Levitz Stuart M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, can be found in the cell wall of some fungi and is used in translational applications. We have shown that highly purified preparations of chitosan, but not chitin, activate the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in primed mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMΦ), inducing a robust IL-1β response. In this article, we further define specific cell types that are activated and delineate mechanisms of activation. BMMΦ differentiated to promote a classically activated (M1) phenotype released more IL-1β in response to chitosan than intermediate or alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Chitosan, but not chitin, induced a robust IL-1β response in mouse dendritic cells, peritoneal macrophages, and human PBMCs. Three mechanisms for NLRP3 inflammasome activation may contribute: K+ efflux, reactive oxygen species, and lysosomal destabilization. The contributions of these mechanisms were tested using a K+ efflux inhibitor, high extracellular potassium, a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species inhibitor, lysosomal acidification inhibitors, and a cathepsin B inhibitor. These studies revealed that each of these pathways participated in optimal NLRP3 inflammasome activation by chitosan. Finally, neither chitosan nor chitin stimulated significant release from unprimed BMMΦ of any of 22 cytokines and chemokines assayed. This study has the following conclusions: 1) chitosan, but not chitin, stimulates IL-1β release from multiple murine and human cell types; 2) multiple nonredundant mechanisms appear to participate in inflammasome activation by chitosan; and 3) chitin and chitosan are relatively weak stimulators of inflammatory mediators from unprimed BMMΦ. These data have implications for understanding the nature of the immune response to microbes and biomaterials that contain chitin and chitosan.
Cutting Edge: MMP-9 Inhibits IL-23p19 Expression in Dendritic Cells by Targeting Membrane Stem Cell Factor Affecting Lung IL-17 Response
Authors: Oriss Timothy B. , Krishnamoorthy Nandini , Raundhal Mahesh , Morse Christina , Chakraborty Krishnendu , Khare Anupriya , Huff Rachael , Ray Prabir , Ray Anuradha 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We reported previously that c-kit ligation by membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) boosts IL-6 production in dendritic cells (DCs) and a Th17-immune response. However, Th17 establishment also requires heterodimeric IL-23, but the mechanisms that regulate IL-23 gene expression in DCs are not fully understood. We show that IL-23p19 gene expression in lung DCs is dependent on mSCF, which is regulated by the metalloproteinase MMP-9. Th1-inducing conditions enhanced MMP-9 activity, causing cleavage of mSCF, whereas the opposite was true for Th17-promoting conditions. In MMP-9−/− mice, a Th1-inducing condition could maintain mSCF and enhance IL-23p19 in DCs, promoting IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells in the lung. Conversely, mSCF cleavage from bone marrow DCs in vitro by rMMP-9 led to reduced IL-23p19 expression under Th17-inducing conditions, with dampening of intracellular AKT phosphorylation. Collectively, these results show that the c-kit/mSCF/MMP-9 axis regulates IL-23 gene expression in DCs to control IL-17 production in the lung.
Nα-Terminal Acetylation for T Cell Recognition: Molecular Basis of MHC Class I–Restricted Nα-Acetylpeptide Presentation
Authors: Sun Mingwei , Liu Jun , Qi Jianxun , Tefsen Boris , Shi Yi , Yan Jinghua , Gao George F. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
As one of the most common posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of eukaryotic proteins, Nα-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) generates a class of Nα-acetylpeptides that are known to be presented by MHC class I at the cell surface. Although such PTM plays a pivotal role in adjusting proteolysis, the molecular basis for the presentation and T cell recognition of Nα-acetylpeptides remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined a high-resolution crystallographic structure of HLA (HLA)-B*3901 complexed with an Nα-acetylpeptide derived from natural cellular processing, also in comparison with the unmodified-peptide complex. Unlike the α-amino–free P1 residues of unmodified peptide, of which the α-amino group inserts into pocket A of the Ag-binding groove, the Nα-linked acetyl of the acetylated P1-Ser protrudes out of the groove for T cell recognition. Moreover, the Nt-acetylation not only alters the conformation of the peptide but also switches the residues in the α1-helix of HLA-B*3901, which may impact the T cell engagement. The thermostability measurements of complexes between Nα-acetylpeptides and a series of MHC class I molecules derived from different species reveal reduced stability. Our findings provide the insight into the mode of Nα-acetylpeptide–specific presentation by classical MHC class I molecules and shed light on the potential of acetylepitope-based immune intervene and vaccine development.
Linking the Big Five personality domains to Organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Bakhshi Arti , Rani Ekta 
Published: May 2014

The aim of the present study is to explore the linkages between personality and organization citizenship behavior (OCB) using a field sample. Big-Five personality model was used to explore the relationship between personality and OCB. The participants in the study were 187 doctors working in medical college in north India. Four of the big five factors except Neuroticism were positively correlated with OCB. Hierarchical regression analysis on data after controlling for demographic variables indicated that, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism were valid predictors for OCB. However, Openness to experience showed no significant relationship with overall measure of OCB. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed. Keywords: Personality, OCB, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, India
What is Cross-cultural Research?
Authors: ILESANMI OLUWATOYIN OLATUNDUN 
Published: May 2014

ByILESANMI Oluwatoyin Olatundun[1]Clinical Psychologist, PN & M, Trained Genetic Counsellor AbstractThis paper discusses the major principles and methods of cross-cultural research, particularly how to test hypotheses on worldwide samples of cultures. The major purpose of this presentation is to encourage an increase in cross-cultural research by showing that it is not hard to do.[1] Ph.D; USIP Certificate in Conflict Analysis Behavioural Study Department, College of Management Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria. E-mail: toytundun@yahoo.com
Distal Hemorrhoidectomy With ALTA Injection: A New Method for Hemorrhoid Surgery
Authors: Abe Tatsuya , Hachiro Yoshikazu , Ebisawa Yoshiaki , Hishiyama Houhei , Kunimoto Masao 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid injection (ALTA) is a useful and less-invasive treatment for internal hemorrhoids. However, it is not a treatment option for external hemorrhoidal diseases, including mixed hemorrhoids. Distal hemorrhoidectomy with ALTA injection involves surgical resection of external piles, followed by injection therapy on internal piles. We report technical details and the short-term results of this procedure in patients with mixed hemorrhoids. Seventy-two patients with mixed hemorrhoids treated between 2010 and 2011 were included. The main outcome measures were the short-term response and complication rates. At 28 days after surgery, the disappearance rate of prolapse was 100%. Three patients (4%) had postoperative complications, all minor in nature. No prolapse recurrence was observed within a median follow-up period of 6 months. Distal hemorrhoidectomy with ALTA injection appears to be a promising treatment option for patients with mixed hemorrhoids.
Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection in Orthopedic Surgery: A 5-year Analysis
Authors: Al-Mulhim Fahad A. , Baragbah Mohammed A. , Sadat-Ali Mir , Alomran Abdallah S. , Azam Md Q. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSurgical site infection (SSI) is disastrous in orthopedic practice as it is difficult to rid the bone and joint of the infection. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of SSI in orthopedic practice and to identify risk factors associated with surgical site infections. All patients admitted to the orthopedic male and female wards between January 2006 and December 2011 were included in the study group. The data, which were collected from the medical charts and from the QuadraMed patient filing system, included age, sex, date of admission, type of admission (elective versus emergency), and classification of fractures. Analyses were made to find out the association between infection and risk factors, the χ2 test was used. The strength of association of the single event with the variables was estimated using Relative Risk, with a 95% confidence interval and P &lt; 0.05. A total of 79 of 3096 patients (2.55%) were included: 60 males and 19 females with the average age of 38.13 ± 19.1 years. Fifty-three patients were admitted directly to the orthopedic wards, 14 were transferred from the surgical intensive care unit, and 12 from other surgical wards. The most common infective organism was Staphylococcus species including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 23 patients (29.11%); Acinetobacter species, 17 patients (21.5%); Pseudomonas species, 15 patients (18.9%); and Enterococcus species, 14 patients (17.7%). Fifty-two (65.8%) had emergency procedures, and in 57 patients trauma surgery was performed. Three (3.78%) patients died as a result of uncontrolled septicemia. SSI was found to be common in our practice. Emergency surgical procedures carried the greatest risk with Staphylococcus species and Acinetobacter species being the most common infecting organisms. Proper measures need to be undertaken to control infection rates by every available method; antibiotics alone may not be sufficient to win this war.
Primary Papillary Hyperplasia of the Gallbladder Mimicking Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Baba Hiroyuki , Wakabayashi Mai , Oba Atsushi , Tsubomoto Takashi , Nakamura Hiroshi , Sanada Takahiro , Kuwabara Hiroshi , Nakajima Kazumi , Goseki Narihide 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Primary papillary hyperplasia of the gallbladder (PPHG) is a rare entity. PPHG is a benign diffuse mucosal projection without any background chronic inflammation-related disease of the gallbladder or bile ducts. Reported cases of PPHG are limited in that its characteristics are not well defined. We herein report a case of PPHG mimicking gallbladder cancer in radiologic investigations and present a review of the literature. Also coincident erythroderma is discussed.
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)-Producing Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Shimakawa Takeshi , Asaka Shinichi , Usuda Atsuko , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Yoshimatsu Kazuhiko , Shiozawa Shunichi , Katsube Takao , Naritaka Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
There are very few reports of esophageal G-CSF-producing cancer. This report describes a case of G-CSF-producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma we recently encountered. A 70-year-old male patient had Stage III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient received preoperative chemotherapy, and therapeutic response for the primary lesion was rated as complete response and that of the lymph node metastasis as stable disease. A radical operation was then performed. A relapse to neutrophilia occurred as liver metastasis recurred postoperation, and serum G-CSF level was high. Immunohistochemical staining of the resected specimen with anti-G-CSF antibody was positive. The patient died about 1 year after the operation. According to our search of the literature, there are 22 cases of esophageal G-CSF-producing cancer. Carcinosarcoma was more frequent as compared to esophageal non-G-CSF-producing cancer. The prognosis was graver in those cases of G-CSF-producing squamous cell carcinoma, relative to cases of non-G-CSF-producing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Comparison Between Transverse Mini-Incision and Longitudinal Mini-Incision for the Resection of Locally Advanced Colonic Cancer
Authors: Ishida Hideyuki , Sobajima Jun , Yokoyama Masaru , Nakada Hiroshi , Okada Norimichi , Kumamoto Kensuke , Ishibashi Keiichiro 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We performed a retrospective review of non-overweight (body mass index ≤ 25 kg/m2) patients scheduled to undergo a curative resection of locally advanced colon cancer via a transverse mini-incision (n = 62) or a longitudinal mini-incision (skin incision ≤7 cm, n = 62), with the latter group of patients randomly selected as historical controls matched with the former group according to tumor location. Extension of the transverse mini-incision wound was necessary in 3 patients (5%). Both groups were largely equivalent in terms of demographic, clinicopathological, and surgical factors and frequency of postoperative complications. Postoperative analgesic was significantly less (P = 0.04) and postoperative length of the hospital stay was significantly shorter (P &lt; 0.01) in the transverse mini-incision group. Concerning a mini-incision approach for locally advanced colonic cancer, a transverse incision seems to be advantageous with regard to minimal invasiveness and early recovery compared with a longitudinal incision.
Patient Awareness and Symptoms From an Incisional Hernia
Authors: Ah-kee Elliott Yann , Kallachil Thomas , O'Dwyer Patrick J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIncisional hernia is a common postoperative complication following open abdominal surgery with incidence varying between 3% and 20%.1 Approximately half of all incisional hernias are diagnosed within 1 year following surgery. In the United Kingdom alone, about 10,000 incisional hernia repairs are performed annually. Incisional hernia repairs are generally elective with emergency repair due to incarceration or strangulation constituting about 15% of repairs.1 Incisional hernia repair is not a low-risk operation and generally has relatively poor results due to chronic postoperative pain and high recurrence rates.2−3 Little has been published on patients' awareness of incisional hernia following open abdominal surgery. Moreover, there are very few publications on indications for incisional hernia repair and on the natural course of such hernias. The literature suggests that symptoms and complaints usually presented by patients include pain, discomfort, cosmetic complaints, skin problems, incarceration, strangulation, functional disability, and pulmonary dysfunction.4−6 The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients were aware that they had a hernia. In addition, we sought to determine symptoms for those who knew that they had an incisional hernia.