bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of chemical doping on the lithiation processes of the crystalline Si anode ‒ A first-principles study
Authors: Chiang Han-Hsin , Pan Li-Yi , Kuo Chin-Lung 
Published: August 2024

We employed first-principles calculations to investigate the effect of chemical doping on the lithiation kinetics and dynamic properties of the c–Si anode. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that phosphorous/arsenic doping can greatly enhance the lithiation kinetics of c–Si, whereas boron doping is unable to produce such an improvement. Our calculations also show that boron doping could enhance Li insertion into c–Si, but phosphorous/arsenic doping tends to increase the insertion energy of Li ions. Although the migration energy barriers of Li ions may slightly increase (decrease) in the boron-(phosphorus-/arsenic-)doped c–Si, these changes were only effective within the range of the nearest-neighbor distance from dopants. Furthermore, it was found that the phosphorus-/arsenic-doped Si can be more ductile and can more easily undergo plastic deformation upon lithiation, while the c–Si matrix becomes more brittle and stiffer when doped with boron. Our simulation results also demonstrate that phosphorous- and arsenic-doping can effectively speed up the Li-induced structural amorphization of c–Si while boron doping appears to severely slow it down. These findings unambiguously indicate that the induced mechanical softening of the c–Si bond network can be the primary factor that leads to the enhanced lithiation kinetics in the n-type doped c–Si anodes.
Improved model of large-field inflation with primordial black hole production in Starobinsky-like supergravity
Authors: Ishikawa Ryotaro , Ketov Sergei V 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA viable model of large-field (chaotic) inflation with efficient production of primordial black holes is proposed in Starobinsky-like (modified) supergravity leading to the ‘no-scale-type’ Kähler potential and the Wess-Zumino-type (‘renormalizable’) superpotential. The cosmological tilts are in good (within 1σ) agreement with Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. In addition, the power spectrum of scalar perturbations has a large peak at smaller scales, which leads to a production of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse of large perturbations with the masses about 1017g. The masses are beyond the Hawking (black hole) evaporation limit of 1015g, so that those primordial black holes may be viewed as viable candidates for a significant part or the whole of the current dark matter. The parameters of the superpotential were fine-tuned for those purposes, while the cubic term in the superpotential is essential whereas the quadratic term should vanish. The vacuum after inflation (relevant to reheating) is Minkowskian. The energy density fraction of the gravitational waves induced by the production of primordial black holes and their frequency were also calculated in the second order with respect to perturbations.
Enhanced microscale hydrodynamic near-cloaking using electro-osmosis
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Miao Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Guang-Hui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a general mathematical framework for enhanced hydrodynamic near-cloaking of electro-osmotic flow for more complex shapes, which is obtained by simultaneously perturbing the inner and outer boundaries of the perfect cloaking structure. We first derive the asymptotic expansions of perturbed fields and obtain a first-order coupled system. We then establish the representation formula of the solution to the first-order coupled system using the layer potential techniques. Based on the asymptotic analysis, the enhanced hydrodynamic near-cloaking conditions are derived for the control region with general cross-sectional shape. The conditions reveal the inner relationship between the shapes of the object and the control region. Especially, for the shape of a deformed annulus or confocal ellipses cylinder, the relationship of shapes is quantified more accurately by recursive formulas. Our theoretical findings are validated and supplemented by a variety of numerical results. The results in this paper also provide a mathematical foundation for more complex hydrodynamic cloaking. Additionally, the concept of cloaking has efficient applications in the field of microfluidics, including drag reduction, microfluidic manipulation, and biological tissue coculture.
Absolute nuclear charge radius by Na-like spectral line separation in high-Z elements
Authors: Hosier A , Dipti  , Blundell S A , Silwal R , Lapierre A , Gillaspy J D , Gwinner G , Tan J N , Kwiatkowski A A , Wang Y , Staiger H , Villari A C C , Ralchenko Yu , Takacs E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We describe a novel technique to determine absolute nuclear radii of high-Z nuclides. Utilizing accurate theoretical atomic structure calculations together with precise measurements of extreme ultraviolet transitions in highly charged ions this method allows for precise determinations of absolute nuclear charge radii based upon the well-known nuclear radii of their neighboring elements. This method can work for elements without stable isotopes, and its accuracy may be competitive with current methods (electron scattering and muonic x-ray spectroscopy).
Entanglement of a three-level atom interacting with two-modes field in a cavity
Authors: del Rio-Lima A , Poveda-Cuevas F J , Castaños O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of an atom of three levels in Λ configuration interacting with a quantized field of two modes in a cavity is studied within the rotating wave approximation by considering experimental values of accessible hyperfine levels of alkali atoms. The Hamiltonian model is constructed on the basis of the direct product of the atomic states with Fock states of light. This simplified basis allows us to generalize the state of light to any quantum field. The interaction term of the Hamiltonian restricts the system to a 3D Hilbert space. The system’s time evolution results show some similarities with the effective two-level system, such as the presence of collapses and revivals and the atom-field entanglement. By an analysis of the statistics of the photons, we show that when the three-level atom is interacting with a coherent field of two modes, it is possible to control experimentally the statistics of the field to be super-Poissonian or sub-Poissonian by the choice of the initial atomic state.
Electrically-driven IMT and volatile memristor behavior in NdNiO3 films
Authors: Schneble O D , Leahy I A , Zimmerman J D , Tellekamp M B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Transition metal oxides with insulator-metal transitions (IMTs) are uniquely suited for volatile memristor devices that mimic the spiking of biological neurons. Unlike most non-volatile memristors, which often operate via ion migration into filaments, volatile devices utilize a reversible phase change that returns to a ground state in the absence of applied stimulus. In these devices, Joule heating triggers the IMT and changes the bulk resistivity rather than influencing conduction through defects, as in previous studies. This volatile resistive switching behavior has previous been leveraged in niobium and vanadium oxides, but not in rare-earth nickelates, despite their tunable transition temperatures. This study demonstrates an electrically driven IMT in the prototypical rare-earth nickelate, NdNiO3, in large area devices. While previous work examining the electrically-driven IMT in NdNiO3 suggests defect-dominated conduction, this study shows clear s-type negative differential resistance (NDR) consistent with temperature-dependent resistivity measurements. The NDR peak-to-valley voltage scales linearly with temperature as expected for conductivity pathways dominated by bulk IMT behavior. Unlike other transition metal oxides, which are modeled using the insulator-metal phase fraction as the internal state variable, a thermoelectric model with temperature as the internal state variable is found to more accurately describe the current–voltage characteristic of NdNiO3 volatile memristors. Overall, we report the synthesis, fabrication, and characterization of NdNiO3 volatile memristors with resistivity dominated by bulk-like IMT behavior which is scalable and not dependent upon oxygen vacancy migration or defect mediated conduction pathways.
Insights into the magnetic signature in VS2 nanosheets for spintronics applications: an experimental and ab initio approach
Authors: Lahiri Saurav , Kumar Manish , Parashar Ujjal Bikash , Thangavel R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
VS2 nanosheets were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method with varying hydrothermal durations for detailed study of their magnetic properties for spintronics applications. The (001) peak near 15.45° in the x-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of the hexagonal phase of VS2 consistent with the Raman spectrum and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of VS2 with the +4 oxidation state of V. Morphology was determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy that showed the morphological transition from nanoflowers to nanosheets with increase in the hydrothermal duration from 16 h to 24 h. The VS2 nanosheets were subject to magnetic measurements using a superconducting quantum interference device. The isothermal magnetization versus magnetic field plot showed typical hysteresis behaviour at low fields with maximum saturation magnetization

(

M

saturation

)

of 3.25 memu g−1 at 50 K which gradually decreased with increase in temperature. The coercivity

(

H
C

)

, however, increased with increase in temperature, hinting at the possible short range of the existing ferromagnetic (FM) order. The field-cooled and zero-field-cooled curves showed a lack of FM clustering. Fitting of the magnetization versus temperature plot showed the formation of a mixed magnetic phase, that is both a paramagnetic (PM) phase (at high fields) and a FM phase (at low fields). The PM Curie temperature

(

θ
p

)
=
−
3.124

K

obtained from the fitting hinted at canted antiferromagnetic order. Magnetoresistance (MR) measurement in a current parallel to the field configuration revealed a negative MR of 10.4%. Further, density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm were used to study the layer-dependent electronic band structure of VS2 as well as its Curie temperature for its applicability in spintronics devices.
τSPECT: a spin-flip loaded magnetic ultracold neutron trap for a determination of the neutron lifetime
Authors: Auler J , Engler M , Franz K , Kahlenberg J , Karch J , Pfeifer N , Roß K , Strid C-F , Yazdandoost N , Adamek E , Kaufmann S , Schmidt Ch , Blümler P , Fertl M , Heil W , Ries D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The confinement of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) in three-dimensional magnetic field gradient or magneto-gravitational traps allows for a measurement of the free neutron lifetime τ

n
with superior control over loss channels related to UCNs interacting with material surfaces. The most precise measurement τ

n
has been achieved using a magneto-gravitational trap, in which UCN are prevented from escaping at the top of their trap by gravity. More compact horizontal confinement geometries with variable energy acceptance ranges can be obtained by using steep magnetic field gradients in all spatial directions, generated by combinations of either permanent or (variable) superconducting magnets. In this paper, we present the first successful implementation of a pulsed spin-flip based loading scheme to fill a three-dimensional magnetic trap with externally produced UCN. The measurements with the τSPECT experiment were performed at the pulsed UCN source of the research reactor TRIGA Mainz. The extracted neutron storage time constant of τ = 859(16) s is compatible with the most precise determinations of τ

n
. We report on detailed, but statistically limited, investigations of major systematic effects influencing the neutron storage time. The statistical limitations are mitigated by the relocation of the experiment to a stronger UCN source.
Station-based SDB correction for GPS triple-frequency observations and its application on relative positioning
Authors: Zhang Qiankun , Chai Hongzhou , Wang Min , Sun Shuang , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the chip shapes of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) live signals differ from ideal conditions, GNSS satellite signals are distorted, which leads to different code biases, namely signal distortion biases (SDB). Existing SDB estimation methods are based on code observation combinations with large noise and face the problem of unreasonable classification, which would seriously affect the reliability of SDB estimation and correction. To solve this problem, a station-based SDB estimation method is proposed in this study. First, a full-rank linear system independent of the ionosphere is derived based on the classical Uofc model. Then, triple-frequency SDBs relative to the reference stations are estimated with three types of virtual observations. To assess and validate the performance of the proposed method, real data of 335 stations from multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) network in January 2023 are chosen for GPS triple-frequency SDB estimation. The results show that the estimated SDBs of all stations equipped with the same receiver types keep good consistency. In addition, the estimated SDBs are shown to be related to receiver types and antenna types, and maintain high stability over the whole month. Furthermore, the code residuals of 4 zero-baselines from Curtin University CORS and the real-time kinematic (RTK) ambiguity fixing rates of 8 short baselines from the MGEX network are evaluated to validate the correction performance of the estimated SDBs. The results show that the code residuals of zero-baselines are close to zero with SDB correction, and the systematic deviations in the code residuals can be effectively decreased. For the RTK application, the ambiguity fixing rates of the selected short baselines can be increased by about 40.0% after SDB correction. In addition, the percentage of ratio values after ambiguities are fixed with SDB correction is always higher than that without SDB correction, which effectively improves the reliability of RTK ambiguity resolution.
Enhanced anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity of quercetin using pH-sensitive Alginate@ZIF-8 nanocomposites: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Rostamkhani Neda , Salimi Maryam , Adibifar Arghavan , Karami Zahra , Agh-Atabay Abdol-Hakim , Rostamizadeh Kobra , Abdi Zahra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quercetin (Qc) possesses anti-cancer properties, such as cell signaling, growth suppression, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and antioxidant effects. In this study, we developed an alginate-modified ZIF-8 (Alg@ZIF-8) to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of Qc. The developed alginate-modified quercetin-loaded ZIF-8 (Alg@Qc@ZIF-8) was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and x-ray diffraction. The drug release pattern was evaluated at pH 5.4 and 7.4. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was assessed on the 4T1 cell line. Finally, the anti-tumor activity of Alg@Qc@ZIF-8 was evaluated in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. SEM showed that the nanoparticles were spherical with a diameter of mainly below 50 nm. The DLS showed that the developed nanoparticles’ hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were 154.9 ± 7.25 nm, −23.8 ± 5.33 mV, and 0.381 ± 0.09, respectively. The drug loading capacity was 10.40 ± 0.02%. Alg@Qc@ZIF-8 exhibited pH sensitivity, releasing more Qc at pH 5.4 (about 3.62 times) than at pH 7.4 after 24 h. Furthermore, the IC50 value of Alg@Qc@ZIF-8 on the 4T1 cell line was 2.16 times lower than net Qc. Importantly, in tumor-bearing mice, Alg@Qc@ZIF-8 demonstrated enhanced inhibitory effects on tumor growth and lung metastasis compared to net Qc. Considering the in vitro and in vivo outcomes, Alg@Qc@ZIF-8 might hold great potential for effective breast cancer management.
Investigating the optical and electrical performance of rod coated silver nanowire-based transparent conducting films
Authors: Thomas Neethu , S Bharathkumar , Mathew Koshy Aarju , Basavaraj Madivala G , Swaminathan Parasuraman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are highly promising building blocks for developing transparent conducting films (TCFs) due to their high electrical conductivity and good optical transparency. The large-scale production of Ag NW-based high-quality TCFs using low-cost processing methods can replace the traditional oxide based TCFs. Therefore, developing a reliable technique for large-scale fabrication of Ag NW-based TCFs is vital. This work involves the synthesis of Ag NWs, the fabrication of large-area Ag NW-based TCFs using a simple rod coating process, its optimization, and the performance analysis of the fabricated TCFs, including their demonstration as transparent heaters. The polyol synthesis method produces Ag NWs of lengths ranging from 25–110 µm and diameters from 80–180 nm. The effect of Ag NW length, the number of coating passes, and the volume of the NW dispersion used per coating pass on the electrical and optical properties of the TCFs are studied by quantifying sheet resistance

(

R

s

)

and transmittance (T) of the film. The performance of the fabricated film is evaluated by estimating the figure of merit (FoM) in both percolative and bulk regimes. The TCF made with NWs of length 25.7 µm and diameter 85.1 nm had the largest value of bulk FoM (101.3), percolative FoM (43.9), and, conductivity exponent (0.6). This elucidated the superior performance of the fabricated TCFs over those fabricated by other techniques. The critical thickness of the film (

t

min

), at the crossover between the percolation and bulk, scales with the shortest dimension of the NW, namely its diameter. The percolative FoM showed an increase, with a decrease in both sheet resistance and diameter of the NWs, with lower n. The fabricated TCF is tested as a transparent heater and the demonstration proves that rod coated Ag NW-based TCFs can be used for transparent electrode applications.
First principles theoretical of designing sandwich-like metallic BP4 monolayer as anode for alkali metal-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Zhifang , Li Wenliang , Zhang Jingping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phosphorene has been widely used as anode material for batteries. However, the huge volume change during charging and discharging process, the semiconductor properties, and the high open circuit voltage limit its application. Based on this, by introducing the electron-deficient boron atoms into blue phosphorene, we proposed a P-rich sandwich-like BP4 monolayer by density functional theory calculation and particle swarm optimization. The BP4 monolayer shows good thermodynamic and dynamic stability, as well as chemical stability in O2 atmosphere, mainly due to the strengthened P–P bond of the outer layer by the middle boron atoms adopting sp3
hybridization. According to the band structure, the BP4 monolayer shows metallic property, which is beneficial to electron conductivity. Furthermore, compared with blue phosphorene and black phosphorene, the P-rich BP4 monolayer shows higher theoretical capacity for Li, Na, and K of 1193.90, 1119.28, and 397.97 mA h g−1, respectively. The lattice constant of BP4 monolayer increases only 3.73% (Li), 2.52% (Na) after Li/Na fully adsorbed on the anode. More importantly, the wettability of BP4 monolayer in the electrolyte is comparable to that of graphene. These findings show that the stable sandwich-like BP4 monolayer has potential as a lightweight anode material.
Keeping food cool to save the planet
Authors: Hughes Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thermal insulation is an important topic in physics directly relevant to everyday life. Thermal insulation is used in the building and food industries. Thermal insulation is an effective way to extend the time food is kept below a critical temperature (5 °C for chilled food and −18 °C for frozen foods). An experiment was performed to simulate a power cut in a cold storage unit. Two temperature loggers were placed in plastic containers each containing 250 g of ice. The two containers were placed in a freezer and then removed to simulate a power cut. One container was left out in the open and the other placed in a cylinder of reflective bubble wrap insulation (GIBS). The ice container inside the GIBS insulation stayed cold for several hours longer. This is an experiment that could easily be performed in a school or university setting.
Suppression of grain boundary weak link by Ca doping in YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductor
Authors: Yamamoto Kentaro , Yoshida Yutaka , Horide Tomoya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors are a strategic material for superconducting applications such as high field magnets, fusion, and motors. Grain boundaries reduce the critical current density (J
c) even at a tilt angle as low as 5°, but the successful development of the highly oriented substrates seemed to overcome the weak link problem at grain boundaries. However, it reappears when we visit the homogeneity of the coated conductors. To suppress the weak link in the coated conductors, the Ca doping was investigated. The Ca-doped YBa2Cu3O7 films were fabricated on the moderately oriented substrates. While the grain boundaries in the moderately oriented substrates significantly degraded the J
c without Ca doping, the Ca doping improved the J
c especially at low temperature. This indicates that the tilt angle dependence of J
c was varied by the Ca doping. While the J
c for the moderately oriented substrate was 20 times smaller than that for the highly oriented substrate, the Ca doping restored 1/2 of the J
c for the highly oriented substrate at 40 K and 9 T. The vortex structure changed from Abrikosov Josephson vortices to the Abrikosov vortices with increasing the Ca content. The combination of Ca doping and moderate substrate texture is another design of coated conductors. The Ca doping can patch the local degradation of the substrate texture to mass produce the practical coated conductors with improved homogeneity.