bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDTD Analysis of Emission from Capacitor with Mechanical Motion
Authors: Shimizu Yuhei , Hirata Akimasa , Kuroda Michiko 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate the unwanted emission from a simplified microelectro‐mechanical capacitor with sinusoidal and damped motions. A finite‐difference time‐domain method combined with an adaptive local subcell technique is developed to analyze the field emission from the variable capacitor. First, our computational method is confirmed from the time course of the charge accumulated on the electrode. The unwanted electromagnetic wave is observed to be radiated with its amplitude being sinusoidally modulated at the frequency of the electrode motion. For a realistic motion of the variable capacitor with a damped vibration, the unwanted emission is modulated at frequencies lower than the source frequency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2821–2824, 2013
A Tunable Fiber Ring Laser Based on a Hybrid Amplifier
Authors: Lin Wen‐Piao , Kuo Han‐Lung 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA new tunable 1060‐nm fiber ring laser based on a hybrid amplifier is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The hybrid amplifier includes an ytterbium‐doped fiber amplifier with a 70‐cm Yb‐doped fiber and a semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed laser can provide low relative intensity noise and a narrow linewidth. According to experimental results, the laser output power can exceed 3 dBm and the wavelength tuning range reaches 45 nm from 1035 to 1080 nm under an optical side‐mode suppression ratio greater than 55 dB. Moreover, stable and flat laser output with negligible power fluctuations can be maintained for over 1 h. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2892–2896, 2013
Group velocity dispersion monitoring for QPSK signals using direct detection
Authors: Sousa A. , Shahpari A. , Teixeira A. , Nogueira R. , Andre P. S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this letter, we propose a technique to monitor the group velocity dispersion analyzing a quadrature phase‐shift keying modulated optical signal. The method is based on the analysis of the direct detection electrical signal power, measured at the clock frequency, being able to return the dispersion magnitude value and sign. The proposed method was tested for 20 Gb/s signal in a dispersion range of [−600,600] ps/nm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2078–2080, 2014
Prenatal counseling for congenital anomaly tests: parental preferences and perceptions of midwife performance
Authors: Martin L. , Van Dulmen S. , Spelten E. , De Jonge A. , De Cock P. , Hutton E. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveEvidence‐based instruments to evaluate the preferences and experiences of future parents regarding prenatal counseling for congenital anomaly tests are currently lacking. We developed the quality of care through clients' eyes prenatal questionnaire (QUOTEprenatal), a client‐centered instrument, and assessed its components. Furthermore, the QUOTEprenatal was used to provide insight into (1) clients' previsit preferences and (2) clients' postvisit experience, that is, perceived care provider performance regarding the counseling they received.MethodIn the questionnaire survey, a principal component analysis was used to gain insight into the underlying components of the questionnaire. Regression analysis was performed to examine differences between groups.ResultsIn 17 Dutch midwifery practices, 941 pregnant women and their partners (response rate 79%) completed the 59‐item QUOTEprenatal previsit and postvisit, measuring preferences and perceived performances, respectively. A principal component analysis revealed three counseling components: client–midwife relation, health education and decision‐making support. Reponses showed that, previsit, most clients consider the client–midwife relationship and health education to be (very) important. One third of the clients consider decision‐making support to be (very) important. Nulliparae had higher preferences for health education and decision‐making support than multiparae.ConclusionClients perceive that their midwives perform well in building the client–midwife relationship and in giving health education. Improvement is needed in decision‐making support. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) embedded with surface‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Eunwoo , Hong Jin‐Yong , Ungar Goran , Jang Jyongsik 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in the presence of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) was investigated in terms of heterogeneous nucleation of SiO2 NPs using polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The content and surface functionality of SiO2 NPs were considered as the main factors affecting crystallization, and the effect of annealing time and temperature was also examined. The SiO2 NPs acted as heterogeneous nucleates during the crystallization process, thereby enhancing the nucleation density and limiting the spherulitic growth rate. A kinetics study of non‐isothermal crystallization showed that the crystallization rate of 5 wt% SiO2/PEO nanocomposite was ca 2.1 times higher than that of neat PEO. In addition, among various surface‐functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles, alkyl‐chain‐functionalized SiO2 NPs were favorable for achieving a higher crystallization rate due to the enhanced compatibility between the SiO2 NPs and PEO chains. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Rubber‐toughened polyamide‐6 with a low thermal expansion coefficient: effect of preferential distribution of rubber and inorganic filler
Authors: Wu Guozhang , Zhang Kun , Takagi Kiyoji , Sano Hironari , Yui Hiroshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe effects of morphological changes on the thermal expansion, toughness and heat resistance of polyamide‐6 (PA)/styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS)/polyphenylene ether (PPE) blends were investigated. Compared with the typical ‘sea (PA matrix)–island (PPE domain)–lake (SEBS in PPE domain)’ morphology, an injection‐molded ternary blend with a preferential distribution of SEBS component at the interface between PA and PPE exhibited a low coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) in the flow direction. This low CLTE was ascribed to the deformation of SEBS and PA into a co‐continuous microlayer network structure during injection molding. Consequently, the expansion preferentially occurred towards the thickness direction. Further CLTE reduction either by a change in PA viscosity or by the selective location of an inorganic filler was examined, and its influences on impact strength and heat resistance are discussed based on transmission electron microscopy observations. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Nicorette QuickMist: rapidly absorbed NRT mouthspray
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNicorette QuickMist is a spray formulation for nicotine replacement therapy licensed to relieve and/or prevent cravings associated with smoking cessation. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Pseudomorphic ZnO‐based heterostructures: From polar through all semipolar to nonpolar orientations
Authors: Grundmann Marius , Zúñiga‐Pérez Jesús 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe calculate the strain and stress state and the polarization in pseudomorphic wurtzite MgZnO/ZnO and CdZnO/ZnO heterostructures as a function of the polar angle between the c‐axis and the epitaxial direction. (Cd,Zn)O/ZnO behaves qualitatively similar to the systems (In,Ga)N/GaN and (Al,Ga)N/GaN. (Mg,Zn)O/ZnO represents a unique case since the signs of the change of lattice constants and are opposite. Among the consequences are: (i) the epilayer strain energy has a minimum between and for semipolar growth plane close to ; (ii) for nonpolar growth () the strain in the epitaxial direction is close to zero; and the in‐plane polarization is large (comparable to the polar case); and (iii) the piezoelectric polarization along the growth direction has only one zero (at ) between 0 and . Also we give useful analytical formula within an isotropic approximation for the compliances.Elastic strain energy (in relative units) of pseudomorphic wurtzite (Mg,Zn)O/ZnO and (Cd,Zn)O/ZnO heterostructures as a function of the polar angle between interface normal and the c‐axis
Determination of residence times of ions in a resistive glass selected ion flow‐drift tube using the Hadamard transformation
Authors: Spesyvyi Anatolii , Španěl Patrik 
Published: October 2015

RationaleSelected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT‐MS, used for trace gas analyses has certain fundamental limitations that could be alleviated by adding a facility that allows reaction times and ion interaction energies to be varied. Thus, a selected ion flow‐drift tube, SIFDT, has been created to explore the influence of an embedded electric field on these parameters and on reaction processes.MethodsThe new SIFTD instrument was constructed using a miniature resistive glass drift tube. Arrival times of ions, t, analysed by a downstream quadrupole mass spectrometer over the m/z range 10–100 were studied by modulating the injected ion current using a gate lens. Single pulse modulation was compared with pseudorandom time multiplexing exploiting the Hadamard transformation. A simple model involving analysis of ethanol and water vapour mixture in air was used to explore the advantages of the SIFDT concept to SIFT‐MS analysis.ResultsIt is shown that the resistive glass drift tube is suitable for SIFDT experiments. The Hadamard transformation can be used to routinely determine reagent ion residence time in the flow‐drift tube and also to observe differences in arrival times for different product ions. Two‐dimensional data combining arrival time and mass spectra can be obtained rapidly. The calculated ion drift velocities vary with the reduced field strength, E/N, and the calculated ion mobilities agree with theoretical and previous literature values.ConclusionsThis study has provided evidence that the SIFDT‐MS technique can be implemented in a miniature and low‐cost instrument and two‐ or three‐dimensional data can be obtained (product ion count rates as functions of m/z, t and E/N) using the Hadamard transformation thus providing exciting possibilities for further analytical additions and extensions of the SIFT‐MS technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient signal isotope analysis: validation of the method for isotope signal synchronization with the determination of amplifier first‐order time constants
Authors: Gourgiotis Alkiviadis , Manhès Gérard , Louvat Pascale , Moureau Julien , Gaillardet Jérôme 
Published: October 2015

RationaleDuring transient signal acquisition by Multi‐Collection Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC‐ICPMS), an isotope ratio increase or decrease (isotopic drift hereafter) is often observed which is related to the different time responses of the amplifiers involved in multi‐collection. This isotopic drift affects the quality of the isotopic data and, in a recent study, a method of internal amplifier signal synchronization for isotope drift correction was proposed. In this work the determination of the amplifier time constants was investigated in order to validate the method of internal amplifier signal synchronization for isotope ratio drift correction.MethodsTwo different MC‐ICPMS instruments, the Neptune and the Neptune Plus, were used, and both the lead transient signals and the signal decay curves of the amplifiers were investigated.ResultsOur results show that the first part of the amplifier signal decay curve is characterized by a pure exponential decay. This part of the signal decay was used for the effective calculation of the amplifier first‐order time constants. The small differences between these time constants were compared with time lag values obtained from the method of isotope signal synchronization and were found to be in good agreement.ConclusionsThis work proposes a way of determining amplifier first‐order time constants. We show that isotopic drift is directly related to the amplifier first‐order time constants and the method of internal amplifier signal synchronization for isotope ratio drift correction is validated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Will remote sensing shape the next generation of species distribution models?
Authors: He Kate S. , Bradley Bethany A. , Cord Anna F. , Rocchini Duccio , Tuanmu Mao‐Ning , Schmidtlein Sebastian , Turner Woody , Wegmann Martin , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo prominent limitations of species distribution models (SDMs) are spatial biases in existing occurrence data and a lack of spatially explicit predictor variables to fully capture habitat characteristics of species. Can existing and emerging remote sensing technologies meet these challenges and improve futureSDMs? We believe so. Novel products derived from multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, as well as future Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and RADAR missions, may play a key role in improving model performance. In this perspective piece, we demonstrate how modern sensors onboard satellites, planes and unmanned aerial vehicles are revolutionizing the way we can detect and monitor both plant and animal species in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as well as allowing the emergence of novel predictor variables appropriate for species distribution modeling. We hope this interdisciplinary perspective will motivate ecologists, remote sensing experts and modelers to work together for developing a more refinedSDMframework in the near future.
Pharmaceutical market dynamics and strategic planning: a system dynamics perspective
Authors: Paich Mark , Peck Corey , Valant Jason 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCompetitive pressures are forcing pharmaceutical companies to develop even more effective product‐based strategic plans, which have traditionally been derived from unarticulated mental models about the individual diseases and the role of various decision‐makers within them. The industry is blessed with a wealth of patient‐ and physician‐level data, but often this information is not leveraged to its full extent. System dynamics provides an operational framework for understanding and analyzing how the interaction of patient flow dynamics, physician prescribing/product adoption behavior, and the evaluation of therapy options drive marketplace behavior. By evaluating the response of such an integrated model to possible marketing initiatives, pharmaceutical firms can develop and ultimately execute more cost‐effective strategic plans for their products. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.
New design aspects for steel linings made of high‐strength steel for pressure shafts
Authors: Greiner Richard , Stering Wilfried , Innerhofer Guntram 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAfter an interruption in the last decades of the 20th century, a number of pressure shafts with steel linings are presently being built or planned. These are frequently connected with the use of high‐strength steel and with pumped storage plants. Larger dimensions and higher dynamic loads demand further research beyond the previous state of the art of the 1980s. An advanced concept by the second author, involving the geotechnical interaction of steel lining and rock mass, opens up new potential for the design of linings. This approach postulates ductility requirements for the steel used for liners which may be challenging for the field of modern high‐strength steels. This paper provides an overview of the latest investigations dealing with the design of steel liners for internal pressure and the required properties for high‐strength steel.
Development, experience and qualification of steel grades for hydropower conduits
Authors: Cerjak Horst , Enzinger Norbert , Pudar Milan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this contribution the historical development of materials and applied welding procedures in the field of hydropower plant shafts and penstocks is summarized. Based on the experiences and failure cases observed in the past in combination with modern methods, a best practice solution for the qualification of materials and processes is proposed. Additionally to weldability based on strength and toughness, fracture mechanics, fatigue behaviour and stress corrosion sensitivity have to be considered. All these measures have to be validated by application of related advanced NDT processes.
New European Recommendations for the design and application of sandwich panels – Results of the work of the Joint Committee on Sandwich Constructions
Authors: Berner Klaus , Hassinen Paavo , Heselius Lars , Izabel David , Käpplein Saskia , Lange Jörg , Misiek Thoma , Rädel Felicitas , Tillonen Ak , Zupancic Danijel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe design and manufacture of factory‐made self‐supporting sandwich panels are covered by European standard EN 14509. Two new European Recommendations extend the potential applications for the standard, providing information about the influence of openings on the loadbearing behaviour of the panels and about the possibility of supporting beams, purlins and cladding rails against stability failures. The new European Recommendations were prepared by the European Joint Committee on Sandwich Constructions.
Understanding Ion Pump Emissions
Authors: Wynohrad Tony 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIon pumps continue to be a staple in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) applications. Since their adoption as a primary UHV pump in the 1960's, it has been known that a variety of particles can emanate from within the ion pump and cause undesirable effects on current measurements and optics components. Historically the solution has been baffling and shielding which results in longer conductance paths to the ion pump. Those solutions can work, but require a larger pump and more vacuum plumbing to compensate for conductance losses.The first step was to fully understand the nature of the particles and their charges. Once those were characterized options for emissions reduction were evaluated. It was determined that an efficient design of shielding near the source of the particle generation site was the most cost effective solution. With a slight modification to the chamber of a small ion pump, internal shielding was developed that reduced the emissions by a factor of up to 1000 times.
Die Welt ist keine Scheibe
Authors: Wahl Michael , Gnaser Hubert , Kopnarski Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDie Atomsonden – Tomografie gewinnt vor allem mit Blick auf die ständig steigenden Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit der Analyseverfahren in der Nanotechnologie in den letzten Jahren deutlich an Bedeutung. Die heute verfügbaren Präparations‐ und Analysegeräte gestatten den Einsatz der Atomsonden‐Tomografie auch für technische Proben und bieten die einzigartige analytische Möglichkeit, die quantitative und hochempfindliche Analyse der chemischen Materialzusammensetzung mit der dreidimensionalen Erfassung der zugehörigen Elementverteilungen zu verknüpfen und dabei eine atomare Tiefen‐ und Lateralauflösung zu erreichen. Die Methode ist deshalb hervorragend geeignet, um die Zusammensetzung und Morphologie in kristallinen und amorphen Materialien und Nanostrukturen zu untersuchen und birgt enormes Potential für die Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der Materialwissenschaften. Der erste Teil des Beitrags über die moderne Atomsonden – Tomografie zeigt die Entwicklung der Technik von den Anfängen in den fünfziger Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu den heute kommerziell verfügbaren Geräten auf und geht dabei auch kurz auf die physikalischen und technisch‐instrumentellen Grundlagen des Verfahrens ein. Schwerpunkt des zweiten Teils werden ausgewählte aktuelle Anwendungsbeispiele sein, anhand derer Möglichkeiten, aber auch die Grenzen der Technik erläutert werden.
Current State of United States Tobacco Control Initiatives
Authors: Burns Tammy L. , Ruckman Jilyan A. , Ling Hua , Washington‐Krauth Shavonne M. , Hilleman Daniel E. , Mohiuddin Syed M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReduction of tobacco use around the world is a high priority. This review will provide the current status of tobacco control with particular focus on progress and initiatives in the United States. Primary literature was retrieved through PubMed and review article reference lists. Reports from government and global oversight organizations including the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services are the primary sources for data and statistics. Information about the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement, Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, clean air laws, and tobacco excise taxes in the United States was also included. Continued progress in tobacco control is critical to reducing the tremendous global morbidity and mortality related to tobacco. Strong policies at all levels are critical to making strides toward eliminating the public health burden of tobacco use. Coordinated global efforts to restrict tobacco are necessary to the successful eradication of tobacco use. The United States has recently made sweeping changes in tobacco control policy and the momentum must be maintained through advocacy and action.
Analysis of the Efficacy of the U.S. Charity Care System
Authors: Raja Junaid , Arif Ahmed A. , Warren‐Findlow Jan , Racine Elizabeth F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Hill–Burton Act attempted to create a safety net for underprivileged Americans with the idea of “charity care.” This paper explores the efficacy with which eligible hospitals accomplish this goal by calculating a benefit‐to‐cost ratio (BCR) relative to the socio‐demographic characteristics (population density, rate of poverty, and diversity) of the hospital's county. Eight states (CA, FL, GA, MN, MT, RI, TX, and WI) and 893 hospitals were included using data from 2007. A BCR of the dollars of charity care provided versus the dollars of federal tax exemption received was performed and sociodemographic characteristics were compared covariately to examine potential disparities. The study illustrates that for every dollar of exemption, the public received $0.11 of charity care. There is a statistically significant association between a higher percentage of diversity and poverty and a decrease in BCR; county level rates of poverty and diversity are negatively correlated with BCR and only 1 percent of hospitals have a cost‐effective BCR. The investment in the charity care system is providing a very low rate of return and improvements or alternatives on the national scale should be considered.