bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BANKRUPTCY FORUM SHOPPING: THE UK AND US AS VENUES OF CHOICE FOR FOREIGN COMPANIES
Authors: McCormack Gerard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper critically evaluates ‘forum shopping’ possibilities offered by the UK and US in bankruptcy/insolvency cases. While recognizing that in some quarters forum shopping has a bad name, the paper makes the point that strategic manoeuvring and transaction planning is what litigation and case management is all about. Certain countries are popular as forum shopping venues because of substantive law or the procedural advantages brought about by litigating in that country. The paper concludes that while the UK may have shut its doors too firmly against foreign forum shoppers, the US is too much a safe haven. The paper calls for a measure of jurisdictional restraint through raising entry barriers. While a bit of jurisdictional competition in insolvency law-making may be no bad thing, the US approach runs the risk of undermining important policies considered important by other countries such as the protection of employees and the public purse. It is also asymmetrical in that US bankruptcy jurisdiction is assumed in situations where, if foreign countries had acted on a similar basis, US recognition of the foreign proceedings would be denied.
Media, Participation and Constitution-Making in Ethiopia
Authors: Stremlau Nicole 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe role of communications in facilitating public participation in constitution-making is often neglected and misunderstood, particularly in post-war state-building when mass media may be weak. In the early 1990s, Ethiopia's ruling party, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), drafted one of Africa's most ambitious constitutions, allowing for ethnic federalism, decentralization and democratic reforms. The constitution has been highly controversial and many of its aspirations remain unrealized. This article explores how the EPRDF sought to use the media to explain and encourage acceptance of the constitution. It offers a framework for analysis that is relevant for countries beyond Ethiopia by examining: the role of media policies in providing domestic and international legitimacy for constitutions; the ways in which media can provide a space for non-violent political conflict or negotiation, where elites can navigate political struggles and debate ideology; and the use of media to implement the constitution's most ambitious goals.
Molecular characterization ofCryptosporidium parvumisolates from human cryptosporidiosis cases in Scotland
Authors: DESHPANDE A. P. , JONES B. L. , CONNELLY L. , POLLOCK K. G. , BROWNLIE S. , ALEXANDER C. L. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYCryptosporidium parvum(C. parvum) is one of the most prevalent protozoan pathogens responsible for inducing human and animal disease worldwide. In this study, the glycoprotein-60 (gp60) subtyping tool was employed to assess the molecular diversity ofC. parvumfrom human feces throughout Scotland during potential outbreaks. Over a 24-month period, microscopy analysis revealed 1139 positive feces containingCryptosporidiumspecies with 256 identified by molecular methods specifically asC. parvum. Cryptosporidium parvumwas shown to be more prevalent in rural areas of Scotland and subtyping of 87 isolates demonstrated the predominant family as IIa, which occurred in 94% (n = 82) of isolates. The IIaA15G1R1 subtype was most common, being isolated from 47% (n = 41) of Scottish human cases. Non-IIa strains constituted a total of 5 isolates and included subtypes from the IIc, IId and IIg families. This information contributes significantly to existing knowledge and understanding ofC. parvumsubtypes in Scotland which is vital in assisting with the management of future local and national outbreaks.
Dyadic Adjustment Scale: A Validation Study among Older French-Canadians Living in Relationships
Authors: Villeneuve Laurence , Trudel Gilles , Préville Michel , Dargis Luc , Boyer Richard , Bégin Jean 
Published: September 2014

RÉSUMÉL’objectif principal de cette étude est de décrire la structure factorielle et la validité de l’Échelle d’Ajustement Dyadique (ÉAD) chez 895 aînés canadiens francophones vivant en couple. Il s’agit de la première étude du genre réalisée auprès de cette population. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a été réalisée à partir de la modélisation d’équation structurale. Les résultats supportent le modèle hiérarchique du questionnaire de Spanier (1976). Les résultats montrent également des indices de validité et de fidélité satisfaisants mise à part pour la sous-échelle Expression Affective qui présente un coefficient Alpha de Cronbach plus faible. Les résultats indiquent également une bonne validité de l’échelle à partir des indices de validité convergente et discriminante. Enfin, une discussion abordant les considérations à prendre en compte pour l’utilisation du questionnaire chez les couples âgés est formulée.
Seroepidemiology of dengue virus infection in the adult population in tropical Singapore
Authors: ANG L. W. , CUTTER J. , JAMES L. , GOH K. T. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYTo assess the impact of past dengue epidemics in Singapore, we undertook a national seroepidemiological study to determine the prevalence of past dengue virus (DENV) infection in the adult population in 2010 and make comparisons with the seroprevalence in 2004. The study involved residual sera from 3293 adults aged 18–79 years who participated in a national health survey in 2010. The overall prevalence of anti-DENV IgG antibodies was 56·8% (95% confidence interval 55·1–58·5) in 2010. The seroprevalence increased significantly with age. Males had significantly higher seroprevalence than females (61·5%vs.53·2%). Among the three major ethnic groups, Malays had the lowest seroprevalence (50·2%) compared to Chinese (57·0%) and Indians (62·0%). The age-standardized seroprevalence in adults was significantly lower in 2010 (54·4%) compared to 2004 (63·1%). Older age, male gender, Indian ethnicity, permanent residency and being home-bound were independent risk factors significantly associated with seropositivity. About 43% of the Singapore adult resident population remain susceptible to DENV infection as a result of the successful implementation of a comprehensive nationwideAedessurveillance and control programme since the 1970s. Vector suppression and concerted efforts of all stakeholders in the community remain the key strategy in the prevention and control of dengue.
Civic identity, municipal governance and provincial newspapers: the Lincoln of Bernard Gilbert, poet, critic and ‘booster’, 1914
Authors: JACKSON ANDREW J.H. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT:The provincial press played a significant role in forming local attitudes and senses of civic identity in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Local and regional newspapers often adopted a ‘boosterist’ language, a style that enthusiastically promoted the particular qualities of places. The persistence of boosterism into the early twenty-first century makes it a concept worthy of further exploration. This study considers just one ‘booster’, Bernard Samuel Gilbert, and his illuminating series of articles on Lincoln for the Lincolnshire Echo in 1914. His correspondence illustrates the contrasting stances towards improvement typically employed within the local press – including the boosterist alongside the more critical.
Childhood growth patterns following congenital heart disease
Authors: Aguilar David C. , Raff Gary W. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Griffin Ian J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroduction: Prenatal and early postnatal growth are known to be abnormal in patients with CHD. Although adult metabolic risk is associated with growth later in childhood, little is known of childhood growth in CHD. Patients and Methods: Retrospective data were collected on 551 patients with coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, single ventricle physiology, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, or ventricular septal defects. Weight, height, and body mass index data were converted to Z-scores. Body size at 2 years and growth between 2 and 20 years, 2 and 7 years, and 8 and 15 years were compared with Normative data using a sequential series of mixed-effects linear models. Results: A total of 4660 weight, 2989 height, and 2988 body mass index measurements were analysed. Body size at 2 years of age was affected by cardiac diagnosis and gender. Abnormal growth was frequent and varied depending on cardiac diagnosis, gender, and the time period considered. The most abnormal patterns were seen in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or single ventricle physiology. Potentially high-risk growth, a combination of small body size at 2 years and rapid subsequent growth, was seen in several groups. Conclusions: Childhood and adolescent growth patterns were gender- and lesion-specific. Several lesions were associated with abnormal patterns of childhood growth known to be associated with an increased risk of adult adiposity or metabolic risk in other populations. Further information is needed on the long-term metabolic risks of survivors of CHD.
Pulmonary vascular resistance index and mortality after paediatric heart transplant
Authors: Maxwell Bryan G. , Sheikh Ahmad Y. , Ajuba-Iwuji Chinwe C. , Heitmiller Eugenie S. , Vricella Luca A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground: Although some prior studies have provided evidence to question the historical belief that pulmonary vascular resistance index ⩾6 Wood Units×m2 should be a contraindication to heart transplantation in children, no national analyses specific to the modern area have addressed this question. Methods: Data were analysed for paediatric heart transplant recipients from 1 January, 2002 to 1 September, 2012 (n=699). The relationship between pulmonary vascular resistance and all-cause 30-day mortality was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The 30-day mortality included 10 patients (1.43%), which is lower than in the previous analyses. Receiver operating curve analysis of pulmonary vascular resistance index as a predictor of mortality yielded a cut-off value of 3.37 Wood Units×m2, but the area under the curve and specificity of this threshold was weaker than in previous analyses. Whereas pulmonary vascular resistance index treated as a dichotomised variable was a significant predictor of mortality in univariate (odds ratio 4.92, 95% confidence interval 1.04–23.33, p=0.045) and multivariate (odds ratio 5.26, 95% confidence interval 1.07–25.80, p=0.041) analyses, pulmonary vascular resistance index treated as a continuous variable was not a significant predictor of mortality in univariate (p=0.12) or multivariate (p=0.11) analyses. Conclusions: The relationship between pulmonary vascular resistance and post-heart transplant mortality in children is less convincing in this analysis of a comprehensive, contemporary database than in previous series. This suggests the possibility that modern improvements in the management of post-transplant right ventricular dysfunction have mitigated the contribution of pulmonary hypertension to early mortality.
Pediatric Triage and Allocation of Critical Care Resources During Disaster: Northwest Provider Opinion
Authors: Johnson Erin Margaret , Diekema Douglas S. , Lewis-Newby Mithya , King Mary A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionFollowing Hurricane Katrina and the 2009 H1N1 epidemic, pediatric critical care clinicians recognized the urgent need for a standardized pediatric triage/allocation system. This study collected regional provider opinion on issues of care allocation and pediatric triage in a disaster/pandemic setting.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey of United States (US) health care providers and public health workers who demonstrated interest in critical care and/or disaster care medicine by attending a Northwest regional pediatric critical care symposium on disaster preparation, held in 2012 at Seattle Children's Hospital in Seattle, Washington (USA). The survey employed an electronic audience response system and included demographic, ethical, and logistical questions. Differences in opinions between respondents grouped by professions and work locations were evaluated using a chi-square test.ResultsOne hundred and twelve (97%) of 116 total attendees responded to at least one question; however, four of these responders failed to answer every question. Sixty-two (55%) responders were nurses, 29 (26%) physicians, and 21 (19%) other occupations. Fifty-five (51%) responders worked in pediatric hospitals vs 53 (49%) in other locations. Sixty-three (58%) of 108 successful responses prioritized children predicted to have a good neuro-cognitive outcome. Seventy-one (68%) agreed that no pediatric age group should be prioritized. Twenty-two (43%) of providers working in non-pediatric hospital locations preferred a triage system based on an objective score alone vs 14 (26%) of those in pediatric hospitals (P = .038).JohnsonEM, DiekemaDS, Lewis-NewbyM, KingMA. Pediatric triage and allocation of critical care resources during disaster: Northwest provider opinion. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-6.
Health Care Workers in Danger Zones: A Special Report on Safety and Security in a Changing Environment
Authors: Redwood-Campbell Lynda J. , Sekhar Sharonya N. , Persaud Christine R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionViolence against humanitarian health care workers and facilities in situations of armed conflict is a serious humanitarian problem. Targeting health care workers and destroying or looting medical facilities directly or indirectly impacts the delivery of emergency and life-saving medical assistance, often at a time when it is most needed.ProblemAttacks may be intentional or unintentional and can take a range of forms from road blockades and check points which delay or block transport, to the direct targeting of hospitals, attacks against medical personnel, suppliers, patients, and armed entry into health facilities. Lack of access to vital health care services weakens the entire health system and exacerbates existing vulnerabilities, particularly among communities of women, children, the elderly, and the disabled, or anyone else in need of urgent or chronic care. Health care workers, especially local workers, are often the target.MethodsThis report reviews the work being spearheaded by the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement on the Health Care in Danger initiative, which aims to strengthen the protections for health care workers and facilities in armed conflicts and ensure safe access for patients. This includes a review of internal reports generated from the expert workshops on a number of topics as well as a number of public sources documenting innovative coping mechanisms adopted by National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The work of other organizations is also briefly examined. This is followed by a review of security mechanisms within the humanitarian sector to ensure the safety and security of health care personnel operating in armed conflicts.ResultsFrom the existing literature, a number of gaps have been identified with current security frameworks that need to be addressed to improve the safety of health care workers and ensure the protection and access of vulnerable populations requiring assistance. A way forward for policy, research, and practice is proposed for consideration.ConclusionWhile there is work being done to improve conditions for health care personnel and patients, there need to be concerted actions to stigmatize attacks against workers, facilities, and patients to protect the neutrality of the medical mission.Redwood-CampbellLJ,SekharSN,PersaudCR.Health care workers in danger zones: a special report on safety and security in a changing environment.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-5.
Communication of scientific uncertainty: international case studies on the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values
Authors: Brown Kerry A , de Wit Liesbeth , Timotijevic Lada , Sonne Anne-Mette , Lähteenmäki Liisa , Brito Garcia Noé , Jeruszka-Bielak Marta , Sicińska Ewa , Moore Alana N , Lawrence Mark , Raats Monique M 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTransparent evidence-based decision making has been promoted worldwide to engender trust in science and policy making. Yet, little attention has been given to transparency implementation. The degree of transparency (focused on how uncertain evidence was handled) during the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values was explored in three a priori defined areas: (i) value request; (ii) evidence evaluation; and (iii) final values.DesignQualitative case studies (semi-structured interviews and desk research). A common protocol was used for data collection, interview thematic analysis and reporting. Results were coordinated via cross-case synthesis.SettingAustralia and New Zealand, Netherlands, Nordic countries, Poland, Spain and UK.SubjectsTwenty-one interviews were conducted in six case studies.ResultsTransparency of process was not universally observed across countries or areas of the recommendation setting process. Transparency practices were most commonly seen surrounding the request to develop reference values (e.g. access to risk manager/assessor problem formulation discussions) and evidence evaluation (e.g. disclosure of risk assessor data sourcing/evaluation protocols). Fewer transparency practices were observed to assist with handling uncertainty in the evidence base during the development of quantitative reference values.ConclusionsImplementation of transparency policies may be limited by a lack of dedicated resources and best practice procedures, particularly to assist with the latter stages of reference value development. Challenges remain regarding the best practice for transparently communicating the influence of uncertain evidence on the final reference values. Resolving this issue may assist the evolution of nutrition risk assessment and better inform the recommendation setting process.
The legal status of personnel involved in United Nations peace operations
Authors: Fleck Dieter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article examines the status of military and civilian personnel of sending states and international organisations involved in UN peace operations. It undertakes an assessment of relevant customary law, examines various forms of treaty regulation and considers topics and procedures for effective settlement of open issues prior to the mission. The author stresses the need for cooperation between the host state, the sending states and the international organisation in this context. He draws some conclusions with a view to enhancing the legal protection of personnel involved in current and future UN peace operations.
Seasonal changes in predator community switch the direction of selection for prey defences
Authors: Mappes Johanna , Kokko Hanna , Ojala Katja , Lindström Leena 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInsect communities consist of aposematic species with efficient warning colours against predation, as well as abundant examples of crypsis. To understand such coexistence, we here report results from a field experiment where relative survival of artificial larvae, varying in conspicuousness, was estimated in natural bird communities over an entire season. This takes advantage of natural variation in the proportion of naive predators: naivety peaks when young birds have just fledged. We show that the relative benefit of warning signals and crypsis changes accordingly. When naive birds are rare (early and late in the season), conspicuous warning signals improve survival, but conspicuousness becomes a disadvantage near the fledging time of birds. Such temporal structuring of predator–prey relationships facilitates the coexistence of diverse antipredatory strategies and helps explain two patterns we found in a 688-species community of Lepidoterans: larval warning signals remain rare and occur disproportionately often in seasons when predators are educated.
Embers of society: Firelight talk among the Ju/’hoansi Bushmen
Authors: Wiessner Polly W. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Control of fire and the capacity for cooking led to major anatomical and residential changes for early humans, starting more than a million years ago. However, little is known about what transpired when the day was extended by firelight. Data from the Ju/’hoan hunter-gatherers of southern Africa show major differences between day and night talk. Day talk centered on practicalities and sanctioning gossip; firelit activities centered on conversations that evoked the imagination, helped people remember and understand others in their external networks, healed rifts of the day, and conveyed information about cultural institutions that generate regularity of behavior and corresponding trust. Appetites for firelit settings for intimate conversations and for evening stories remain with us today.
Basis for substrate recognition and distinction by matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Ratnikov Boris I. , Cieplak Piotr , Gramatikoff Kosi , Pierce James , Eroshkin Alexey , Igarashi Yoshinobu , Kazanov Marat , Sun Qing , Godzik Adam , Osterman Andrei , Stec Boguslaw , Strongin Alex , Smith Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Specificity-determining positions (SDPs) account for distinctions in function across a protein family. Many theories on the evolution of functional specificity have led to approaches for predicting SDPs in silico, but large experimental datasets allowing a statistical assignment are lacking. Here, the SDPs of matrix metalloproteinases are elucidated by querying the proteolytic efficiency of eight matrix metalloproteinases, representing three phylogenetic branches, in an extended and diverse substrate space. More than 10,000 measures of cleavage efficiency reveal a near-perfect correlation between similarity in proteolytic function and sequence identity at 50–57 positions on the front face of the catalytic domain. These positions are assigned as SDPs. Transmutation of proteolytic function is possible by swapping SDPs nearest to bound substrate.
Dynamical traps lead to the slowing down of intramolecular vibrational energy flow
Authors: Manikandan Paranjothy , Keshavamurthy Srihari 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Facile energy flow among the vibrational modes of a molecule is the primordial step for a reaction. The energy flow pathways are determined by various anharmonic resonances coupling the modes. Assessing the importance of quantum effects like coherence and tunneling to the intramolecular energy flow process requires one to relate the classical pathways mediated by the network of nonlinear resonances, known as the Arnold web, with the quantum pathways. However, very little is known about the ways in which the features of the web can influence the quantum dynamics. In this work we take a significant first step by establishing that a ubiquitous feature of the web, the resonance junction, can slow down the quantum energy flow process.