bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist tirzepatide effects on body weight evolution, adiponectin, insulin and leptin levels in the combination of obesity, type 2 diabetes and menopause in mice
Authors: Reis‐Barbosa Pedro H. , Marcondes‐de‐Castro Ilitch , Marinho Thatiany S. , Aguila Marcia Barbosa , Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda Carlos A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTirzepatide (Tzp), a novel dual agonist glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon‐like peptide‐1, is approved for treating insulin resistance and obesity, and menopausal women consuming a high‐calorie diet are a target to study the Tzp effect. Therefore, we aimed to allometrically scale body weight (BW) in Tzp‐treated obese diabetic menopausal mice.Materials and MethodsThree‐month‐old C57BL/6 female mice had bilateral ovariectomy (Ovx) or a sham procedure and for 12 weeks were fed a control diet or a high‐fat and high sucrose diet (n = 120/each group [control (C), obese diabetic (Od), Ovx (O), sham (S), Tzp (T)]). Tzp was subcutaneously administered (10 nmol/kg) or vehicle once a day for an additional 4 weeks. The analysis considered log‐transformed data and the allometric equation log y = log a + b log x.ResultsOd and OdO showed more upward slopes than C and CO. In C, BW was non‐allometric by T administration. Od and OdO showed slightly positive slopes (more prominent in OdO than Od). OdT and OdOT showed negative slopes, significant intercepts, and more robust Pearson coefficients than untreated ones. A potent drug effect was seen with BW allometric decline. Interactions between diet versus Ovx and diet versus Tzp affected weight gain. Diet versus Ovx versus Tzp affected food intake.ConclusionsA model was developed to show three usual factors observed in mature women. Notably, Tzp improved the metabolism and weight loss of OdO mice. Tzp‐treated mice showed negative allometric BW across treatment time, which is a quantitative assessment that allows better comparison between results.
Real‐world impact of adding a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist compared with basal insulin on metabolic targets in adults living with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease already treated with a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor: The Impact GLP‐1 CKD study
Authors: Chu Lisa , Bradley Ryan M. , Auerbach Pernille , Abitbol Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the effectiveness of adding a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) with adding basal insulin among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) already treated with a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and not reaching their glycaemic control targets.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the Canadian LMC Diabetes Registry was conducted. Adults who initiated a GLP‐1 RA were matched 1:1 to adults who initiated basal insulin in a T2D and CKD population. Changes in metabolic outcomes were evaluated at 26‐52 weeks following the therapy start date.ResultsPropensity score matching was used to match participants who initiated a GLP‐1 RA to participants who initiated basal insulin (n = 153/cohort). A significantly greater reduction in HbA1c at 26‐52 weeks of follow‐up was observed in the GLP‐1 RA cohort compared with the basal insulin cohort (−1.3% ± 1.4% vs. −1.1% ± 1.4%, P = .03). Weight was significantly reduced (−3.4 ± 3.7 vs. 2.6 ± 4.5 kg, P < .001), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate decline slowed significantly (−0.3 ± 8.2 vs. −2.4 ± 10.4 mL/min/1.73m2, P = .02), but the change in albuminuria was not significantly different (−5.7 ± 38.1 vs. −0.5 ± 38.3 mg/mmol, P = .47) at follow‐up in the GLP‐1 RA group compared with the basal insulin group. No differences in self‐reported hypoglycaemic events per week and therapy discontinuations were reported between the cohorts.ConclusionsThe study shows the real‐world effectiveness of GLP‐1 RA therapy for T2D and CKD. GLP‐1 RAs provided superior reductions in HbA1c and weight, and greater kidney protection, compared with basal insulin among adults with T2D and CKD already treated with an SGLT2i.
Remote levodopa challenge test in Parkinson's disease: Feasibility, reliability, validity and economic value
Authors: Zeng Zhitong , Lin Zhengyu , Chen Zhonglue , Wan Xiaonan , Zhou Haiyan , Zhang Chencheng , Sun Bomin , Ren Kang , Li Dianyou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to demonstrate the feasibility, reliability and validity of an in‐home remote levodopa challenge test (LCT), as delivered through an online platform, for patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD).MethodsPatients with Parkinson's disease eligible for deep brain stimulation surgery screening were enrolled. Participants sequentially received an in‐home remote LCT and an in‐hospital standard LCT (separated by 2.71 weeks). A modified Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III omitting rigidity and postural stability items was used in the remote LCT. The reliability of the remote LCT was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the concurrent validity was evaluated using the Pearson's correlation coefficient r between the levodopa responsiveness of the remote and standard LCT.ResultsOut of 106 PwPD screened, 80 (75.5%) completed both the remote and standard LCT. There was a good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.88) and a strong correlation (r = 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.77–0.90) between the levodopa responsiveness of the remote and standard LCT. The mean cost for PwPD was estimated to be reduced by 91% by using the remote LCT.ConclusionThe remote LCT is feasible, reliable and valid and may reduce healthcare‐related costs for PwPD and their caregivers.
Two invasive bark beetles Phloeosinus armatus Reitter and Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) newly recorded in Russia
Authors: Karpun Natalia N. , Petrov Alexander V. , Zhuravleva Elena N. , Shoshina Elena I. , Kirichenko Natalia I. , Mandelshtam Mikhail Yu. , Musolin Dmitrii L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn 2023, two bark beetle species were recorded in Russia for the first time based on findings in Sochi: the cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus armatus, on Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) and the black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus, on southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), noble laurel (Laurus nobilis), and cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus). P. armatus is a Mediterranean pest attacking exclusively Cupressaceae. In Sochi, it was recorded on cypress trees in several locations, including on plants for planting imported from Italy. X. compactus is a highly polyphagous pest from East Asia. In Sochi, it has established populations in ornamental planted areas. The paper provides species descriptions with identification keys. One specimen of X. compactus from Sochi was DNA‐barcoded and compared with 31 specimens deposited in the BOLD and GenBank under the name of X. compactus. High genetic variability (>7%) was detected highlighting the difficulty of identifying ‘true’ X. compactus using DNA data. Genetically, the specimen of X. compactus from Sochi was identical to those from Italy, Spain and France. An accidental introduction with ornamental plants for planting from Italy is considered the most probable pathway of invasion of both bark beetle species into the Russian Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.
Stress and child internalizing symptoms: Examining the moderating role of Latino fathers' warmth and support
Authors: Bustos Yvita , Uriarte Jefferson , Glownia Karen , Leon Alex , Santiago Catherine DeCarlo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLatino immigrants within the United States experience various stressors, which have been linked to the development and exacerbation of internalizing symptoms among Latino youth. Therefore, it is crucial to explore factors that may buffer the impact of stress among immigrant families. Fathers may influence child outcomes through positive parenting behaviors, yet Latino fathers have been underrepresented in research. This study examined how paternal warmth and support may moderate the association between the accumulation of stress and child internalizing symptoms among low‐income, Latino immigrant families. Participants included 62 children between the ages of 6 and 10, and their paternal caregivers (94% fathers; 90% born in Mexico). This study utilized a multi‐method approach including parent‐report, child‐report and observational measures. Participants completed questionnaires and video‐recorded family interaction tasks during home visits. Stress was positively associated with child‐reported depression. Self‐reported paternal warmth was associated with fewer parent‐reported child internalizing symptoms and moderated the effects of stress on symptoms. Analyses showed a significant positive association between paternal stress and child internalizing symptoms for children with the lowest levels of parental warmth. However, when paternal warmth was high, accumulation of stress and child internalizing symptoms were not related. Thus, high levels of warmth buffered the impact of stress on internalizing symptoms. This study highlights the importance of Latino fathers’ parenting behaviors on child internalizing symptoms.
Distributions of larvae and juveniles of Pacific saury Cololabis saira during winter in relation to oceanographic structures in the central and western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Fuji Taiki , Miyamoto Hiroomi , Abo Jun‐ichi , Watai Mikio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor small pelagic fish, the physical and feeding environments during the larval and juvenile periods significantly affect recruitment to standing stock. To understand the variation in environmental conditions experienced by larvae and juveniles, this study determined the distribution of larval and juvenile Pacific saury Cololabis saira over a distance of more than 6900 km in an east–west direction in relation to the ocean environment in winter. Specimens were collected from the western and central parts of the North Pacific Ocean, mainly in January and February 2018 and 2020. Larvae (≤39.9 mm) were broadly distributed around the Kuroshio Current and the Kuroshio Extension Current. Larval densities in the water masses around the Kuroshio Extension Current were as high as, or even significantly higher than, those around the Kuroshio Current, which is considered the main spawning ground. Most juveniles (≥40.0 mm) were captured north of the Kuroshio Extension Current, where sea surface temperatures were lower and chlorophyll a concentrations were higher. The generalized additive model analysis also suggested that, compared to larvae, juveniles tended to be distributed in areas with lower sea surface temperatures and in more eastern areas. The extensive distribution of Pacific saury larvae and juveniles indicates that it is necessary to focus not only on the marine environment around the Kuroshio region but also on the Kuroshio Extension region to understand the recruitment variability of this species.
Reactive Transnationalism and the Ascent of Donald Trump: Evidence From the Latino Immigrant National Election Survey
Authors: Herda Daniel 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBetween 2017 and 2020, the Donald Trump Presidency made for a particularly hostile context of reception for immigrants in the United States, but did it have any measurable influence on their adaptation? Hostility in the form of interpersonal discrimination is known to increase transnational practices—a pattern dubbed reactive transnationalism. But can a hostile government context produce the same result? The current study considers this by examining Latino/a immigrants’ transnational practices at three time points—the 2016 presidential campaign, between Trump's election and inauguration and during his early presidency. The latter should present the most hostile context. Pooled cross‐sectional regression models using data from the Latino Immigrant National Election Study confirm significant increases in transnational remittances and contacts after Trump took office. However, Trump's rise also coincides with a significant decrease in transnational political interest. Overall, the findings provide greater insight into reactive transnationalism and present several directions for future research.
Septic Return Flow Pathlines, Endpoints, and Flows Based on the Urban Miami‐Dade Groundwater Model
Authors: Valencia Miguel E. , Sukop Michael C. , Oldfield Grace , Montoya Angela , Walsh Virginia , Obeysekera Jayantha , Barquin Samantha , Kelly Elizabeth , Hagemann Katherine , Karim Aliza , Guzman Oscar F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMiami‐Dade County (MDC) has over 112,000 septic systems, some of which are at risk of compromise due to water table rise associated with sea level rise. MDC is surrounded by protected water bodies, including Biscayne Bay, with environmentally sensitive ecosystems and is underlain by highly transmissive karstic limestone. The main objective of the study is to provide first estimates of the locations and magnitudes of septic return flows to discharge endpoints. This is accomplished by leveraging MDC's county‐scale surface‐groundwater model using pathline analysis to estimate the transport and discharge fate of septic system flows under the complex time history of groundwater flow response to pumping, canal management, storms, and other environmental factors. The model covers an area of 4772 km2 in Southeast Florida. Outputs from the model were used to create a 30‐year (2010 to 2040) simulation of the spatial–temporal pathlines from septic input locations to their termination points, allowing us to map flow paths and the spatial distribution of the septic flow discharge endpoints under the simulated conditions. Most septic return flows were discharged to surface water, primarily canals 52,830 m3/d and Biscayne Bay (5696 m3/d), and well fields (14,066 m3/d). Results allow us to identify “hotspots” to guide water quality sampling efforts and to provide recommendations for septic‐to‐sewer conversion areas that should provide most benefit by reducing nutrient loading to water bodies.
Clinical efficacy of a multilamellar cream on skin physiology and microbiome in an epidermal stress model: A controlled double‐blinded study (Part I)1
Authors: Fluhr Joachim W. , Menzel Peter , Schwarzer Rolf , Nikolaeva Dessyslava G. , Darlenski Razvigor , Albrecht Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionStratum corneum (SC) is essential for skin barrier function, mitigating water loss and shielding against potentially harmful substances and allergens. The SC's lipid matrix, arranged in a lamellar structure, is integral to its protective role. Our study explores the restoration effects of a multilamellar cream with an acidic pH compared to a basic placebo cream on skin physiology and its interaction with the skin microbiome after stress induction via tape stripping (TS).Materials and MethodsIn this double‐blind study, 14 healthy participants aged 21–58 years were assessed pre‐ and post‐tape stripping, followed by a 14 days application of a multilamellar test cream and a placebo cream with evaluations on days 7, 14 and 17 for sustained effects. Skin physiology was analysed in terms of epidermal barrier function, SC hydration and surface pH. The microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq, with subsequent species identification.ResultsOur study showed significant improvements in skin barrier repair and SC hydration with verum, particularly after 14 days of application, while both creams initially enhanced stratum corneum hydration. No significant changes in surface‐pH were detected. The skin microbiome analysis revealed that TS slightly decreased alpha diversity, a trend that verum significantly reversed, enhancing diversity beyond baseline levels after 14 days. Overall, while both creams contributed to a broader microbial phyla diversity over time, no significant changes in the abundance of specific genera or species were noted between treatments.Discussion and ConclusionOur study delineates the efficacy of a pH‐optimized multilamellar cream in enhancing epidermal barrier recovery and SC hydration post‐sequential TS, in contrast to an unstructured basic placebo. Verum cream significantly improved skin barrier function and SC hydration at day 14, with sustained effects evident beyond the treatment period. Furthermore, the multilamellar formulation facilitated the restitution of cutaneous microbiome diversity, a key indicator of healthy skin ecology, underscoring the symbiotic relationship between barrier integrity and microbial composition. These findings underscore the importance of multilamellar emollient structures in dermatological therapeutics, with potential implications for the design of advanced skincare interventions that holistically support cutaneous resilience and homeostasis.
Some thoughts about Anthony V. Rawlings and hydration and barrier function of the skin
Authors: Wertz Philip W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnthony V. Rawlings has had 30+ years of experience in the general area of skin science. He has many scientific publications, and his work has been highly cited. He has made major contributions to our understanding of skin physiology, including xerosis and hydration, barrier function, desquamation, the corneocyte envelope, physical chemistry of stratum corneum lipids, photodamage and ethnic variation. He has held management positions with several companies in the US and UK, established AVR Consulting in 2002 and maintained a long‐standing relationship with colleagues at University College London. His time as the Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Cosmetic Science was pivotal in the development of the journal. He worked hard and succeeded in getting the IJCS included in the PubMed database.
The benefits and challenges of treating skin with natural oils
Authors: McMullen Roger L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe term natural oil refers to a fixed (non‐volatile) oil of animal or plant origin. These types of oils – in contrast to essential (volatile) oils, which are obtained by steam distillation methods of plant matter – are typically obtained from plant seeds and nuts by a mechanical pressing technique or solvent extraction. The natural movement in cosmetics of the 21st century has led to renewed interest in formulating skin care products with botanical ingredients. In this article, we discuss the benefits and caveats of natural oil treatments as moisturizing agents (as occlusives and emollients) as well as their utility in wound healing and treatment of skin diseases. We also address the paradoxical behaviour of natural oils in relation to barrier function and highlight the current state of our knowledge with respect to the use of natural oils in neonatal skin care. Finally, we provide a comparison of natural oils to conventional petroleum‐based oils.
Protein degradation in the stratum corneum
Authors: Stamatas Georgios N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe stratum corneum (SC), the outermost epidermal layer, plays a pivotal role in skin barrier function. This review delves into the intricate process of protein degradation within the stratum corneum, elucidating the roles of specific enzymes, regulatory mechanisms and the consequent impact on various skin conditions. Protein degradation is a finely tuned process, orchestrated by a suite of proteolytic enzymes like kallikreins. These enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of corneodesmosomes and the orderly desquamation of corneocytes, a process essential for skin homeostasis. Another critical enzymatic process is the breakdown of proteins like filaggrin and the generation of amino acids and their derivatives, required in the physiological water‐handling properties of the SC. Regulation of these proteolytic activities is complex, involving a balance between endogenous inhibitors and other factors like pH, hydration and environmental stressors. Dysregulation of protease activity is linked to a spectrum of skin conditions, ranging from xerosis to inflammatory diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Aberrant protein degradation can lead to compromised skin barrier function, increased tissue water loss and heightened susceptibility to infections and allergens. Understanding the factors affecting protein degradation can inform the development of targeted skincare products. Advances in biochemistry and dermatology have paved the way for the search for active ingredients designed to modulate protease activity. Such innovations may offer promising therapeutic avenues for enhancing skin barrier function and treating skin disorders. This review underscores the significance of enzymatic protein degradation in the SC and its regulatory mechanisms. It provides insights into the pathophysiology of skin diseases and outlines the potential for novel skincare interventions. By bridging the gap between fundamental research and practical applications, this article aims to inspire further investigation for better understanding of skin physiology and innovation in the realm of skincare product development.
In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy: The window into the skin
Authors: Crowther J. M. , Matts P. J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDevelopment of in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy (ICRS) methodology over the last 20 years has enabled previously unavailable capability to acquire molecular concentration gradients across the stratum corneum (SC), at the micron level and in a clinical setting. Professor Tony Rawlings has been a driving force in SC research for over 30 years, working with a wide range of teams across the world. Because a detailed knowledge of skin biochemistry was key to interpreting ICRS‐acquired molecular concentration gradients, the authors formed a close working relationship with Professor Rawlings during the development of ICRS. This article, therefore, presents a summary of this process and how challenges raised by application of ICRS were tackled, towards the goal of validating the technique for clinical skin measurement.
A practical clinical device for evaluating changes to the skin's sebum from ozone
Authors: Liebel Frank , Petersen Stephanie , Grove Gary , Houser Tim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that tropospheric ozone (O3) generated from pollutants reacting with UV forms lipid peroxidation products and induces oxidative stress to the skin. With the ever‐increasing consumer awareness of the effects pollution has on skin, more testing methods will be needed to evaluate cosmetic ingredients. Recently, others have shown how antioxidants are able to reduce the effects from ozone on skin through in vitro, ex vivo and clinical studies where human subjects place their arms into large stationary chambers.AimsTo develop a small, easy to use ozone exposure module (OEM) that can be used on various sites of the body and to validate this device for use in testing the ability of topical products to mitigate the effects of ozone exposure on the skin.Materials and MethodsWe have produced an OEM which can generate levels of ozone in excess of 1000 ppb and can be set to achieve the equivalent exposure to what is found in polluted environmental conditions. After exposure we used D‐squame discs to remove the sebum and analytically quantitate squalene depletion. Squalene, which is very sensitive to ROS, easily oxidizes into early metabolite squalene monohydroperoxide (SQOOH) with ozone exposure.ResultsWe were able to show decreases in squalene levels after exposure and protective effects from a topical formulation.ConclusionThis generator will be a useful tool for researchers to easily create a small and safe exposure from ozone for clinical testing.