bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Rectal Bacterial Pathogens Show Large Prospective Relationships With HIV Incidence in a Cohort of Young Sexual and Gender Minorities: Implications for STI Screening and HIV Prevention
Authors: Baiers Ross A , Ryan Daniel T , Clifford Antonia , Munson Erik , D’Aquila Richard , Newcomb Michael E , Mustanski Brian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
We estimated the predictive value of rectal (bacterial sexually transmitted infection [bSTI]) pathogen detection for future HIV seroconversion among young adult sexual and gender minorities (YSGMs) assigned male at birth (AMAB).

Methods
Data were collected between March 2018 and August 2022 from RADAR, a longitudinal cohort study of YSGMs AMAB living in the Chicago metropolitan area (n = 1022). Rates of rectal bSTIs and the proportion of self-reported rectal bSTI symptoms are reported. We examined whether the presence of rectal bSTIs predicted HIV seroconversion using generalized estimating equations (GEEs).

Results
Participants tested reactive for rectal Mycoplasma genitalium (MGen), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) at a rate of 20.8 (95% CI, 18.4–23.5), 6.5 (95% CI, 5.0–8.2), and 8.4 (95% CI, 6.8–10.3) cases per 100 persons, respectively. There were no statistically significant pairwise differences in self-reported rectal bSTI symptoms between participants with self-collected swabs testing nonreactive vs reactive for rectal MGen (χ2 = 0.04; P = .84), NG (χ2 = 0.45; P = .37), or CT (χ2 = 0.39; P = .46). In multivariate GEE analysis, rectal NG (adjusted odds ratio, 5.11; 95% CI, 1.20–21.77) was a statistically significant predictor of HIV seroconversion after controlling for other bSTIs, demographics, and sexual risk behavior.

Conclusions
Our findings provide a robust longitudinal estimation of the relationship between primarily asymptomatic rectal NG nucleic acid detection and HIV infection. These findings highlight the importance of asymptomatic screening for bSTIs and targeting biobehavioral intervention to prevent HIV infection among YSGMs with rectal bSTI agents detected.
Flavonols improve tomato pollen thermotolerance during germination and tube elongation by maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis
Authors: Postiglione Anthony E , Delange Allison M , Ali Mohammad Foteh , Wang Eric Y , Houben Maarten , Hahn Stacy L , Khoury Maleana G , Roark Colleen M , Davis Molly , Reid Robert W , Pease James B , Loraine Ann E , Muday Gloria K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Elevated temperatures impair pollen performance and reproductive success, resulting in lower crop yields. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) anthocyanin reduced (are) mutant harbors a mutation in FLAVANONE 3-HYDROXYLASE (F3H), resulting in impaired flavonol antioxidant biosynthesis. The are mutant has reduced pollen performance and seed set relative to the VF36 parental line, phenotypes that are accentuated at elevated temperatures. Transformation of are with the wild-type F3H gene, or chemical complementation with flavonols, prevented temperature-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in pollen and restored the reduced viability, germination, and tube elongation of are to VF36 levels. Overexpression of F3H in VF36 prevented temperature-driven ROS increases and impaired pollen performance, revealing that flavonol biosynthesis promotes thermotolerance. Although stigmas of are had reduced flavonol and elevated ROS levels, the growth of are pollen tubes was similarly impaired in both are and VF36 pistils. RNA-seq was performed at optimal and stress temperatures in are, VF36, and the F3H overexpression line at multiple timepoints across pollen tube elongation. The number of differentially expressed genes increased over time under elevated temperatures in all genotypes, with the greatest number in are. These findings suggest potential agricultural interventions to combat the negative effects of heat-induced ROS in pollen that lead to reproductive failure.
Dual roles of the MPK3 and MPK6 mitogen-activated protein kinases in regulating Arabidopsis stomatal development
Authors: Wu Mengyun , Wang Shiyuan , Ma Panpan , Li Bixin , Hu Huiqing , Wang Ziling , Qiu Qin , Qiao Yujie , Niu Dongdong , Lukowitz Wolfgang , Zhang Shuqun , Zhang Mengmeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade composed of YODA (YDA)-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 plays an essential role downstream of the ERECTA (ER)/ER-LIKE (ERL) receptor complex in regulating stomatal development in the leaf epidermis. STOMAGEN (STO), a peptide ligand produced in mesophyll cells, competes with EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR2 (EPF2) for binding ER/ERL receptors to promote stomatal formation. In this study, we found that activation of MPK3/MPK6 suppresses STO expression. Using MUTE and STO promoters that confer epidermis- and mesophyll-specific expression, respectively, we generated lines with cell-specific activation and suppression of MPK3/MPK6. The activation or suppression of MPK3/MPK6 in either epidermis or mesophyll cells is sufficient to alter stomatal differentiation. Epistatic analyses demonstrated that STO overexpression can rescue the suppression of stomatal formation conferred by the mesophyll-specific expression of the constitutively active MKK4DD or MKK5DD, but not by the epidermis-specific expression of these constitutively active MKKs. These data suggest that STO is downstream of MPK3/MPK6 in mesophyll cells, but upstream of MPK3/MPK6 in epidermal cells in stomatal development signaling. This function of the MPK3/MPK6 cascade allows it to coordinate plant epidermis development based on its activity in mesophyll cells during leaf development.
Small GTPase PvARFR2 interacts with cytosolic ABA receptor kinase 3 to enhance alkali tolerance in switchgrass
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Tingting , Guan Cong , He Junyi , Zang Hui , Wang Ziyao , Bi Xiaojing , Zhang Yunwei , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Soil alkalization has become a serious problem that limits plant growth through osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, and oxidative stress. Understanding how plants resist alkali stress has practical implications for alkaline-land utilization. In this study, we identified a small GTPase, PvARFR2 (ADP ribosylation factors related 2), that positively regulates alkali tolerance in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and uncovered its potential mode of action. Overexpressing PvARFR2 in switchgrass and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) conferred transformant tolerance to alkali stress, demonstrated by alleviated leaf wilting, less oxidative injury, and a lower Na+/K+ ratio under alkali conditions. Conversely, switchgrass PvARFR2-RNAi and its homolog mutant atgb1 in Arabidopsis displayed alkali sensitives. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that cytosolic abscisic acid (ABA) receptor kinase PvCARK3 transcript levels were higher in PvARFR2 overexpression lines compared to the controls and were strongly induced by alkali treatment in shoots and roots. Phenotyping analysis revealed that PvCARK3-OE × atgb1 lines were sensitive to alkali similar to the Arabidopsis atgb1 mutant, indicating that PvARFR2/AtGB1 functions in the same pathway as PvCARK3 under alkaline stress conditions. Application of ABA on PvARFR2-OE and PvCARK3-OE switchgrass transformants resulted in ABA sensitivity. Moreover, we determined that PvARFR2 physically interacts with PvCARK3 in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that a small GTPase, PvARFR2, positively responds to alkali stress by interacting with the cytosolic ABA receptor kinase PvCARK3, connecting the alkaline stress response to ABA signaling.
The Yoke of Objectivity in Public Administration (and Beyond)
Authors: Beaton Erynn E , Raadschelders Jos C N , Wilson Gregory D , Khurana Shaun , Rodriguez Leach Nicole 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Objective research has become an institution, one born out of the Enlightenment, and one that continues to burden public administration scholarship (and, we suspect, much scholarship in the social sciences). As we show, objectivity is a complex, multi-dimensional concept that commands its normative status through dominant philosophies of science. We problematize objectivity, focusing on the dimension of objectivity that suggests research can and should be value-free. Many scholars have contested this notion of objectivity, especially those arguing that research claiming to be value-neutral has done real harm to marginalized groups and undermined social equity. From this basis, we invite public administration scholars to remove the yoke of objectivity for a more honest, conscientious, and forthright field where scholars incorporate greater reflexivity into and take greater responsibility for the social impact of their work.
Getting out and giving back: repertoires of destigmatization in the private social safety net
Authors: Bolger Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Receiving assistance can be stigmatizing. As the cash welfare rolls have fallen to near-historic lows, the privatization of the social safety net in many states has brought up new questions about how recipients of assistance meet their material needs without sacrificing their sense of dignity. I draw on 15 months of ethnographic observation and 44 interviews with social service recipients in two majority Black neighborhoods in Houston, Texas to explore how they destigmatize their encounters with social service providers. I find that service recipients primarily seek out organizations that will treat them with respect due to the stigma attached to receiving assistance. This stigma is both racialized and gendered, such that groups with identities congruent with negative stereotypes about welfare recipients—like Black women—see themselves at higher risk of stigmatization and therefore practice destigmatization strategies with greater frequency. I build on these findings by highlighting two repertoires of destigmatization that service recipients draw upon to access both material and symbolic resources simultaneously: getting out of their neighborhoods to receive services anonymously and giving back by volunteering at local organizations. In doing so, I highlight multiple pathways through which residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods move from stigmatization to destigmatization in the welfare system.
Dual and triple gene combinations of KRT5, KRT17, and S100A2 identify basal‐like subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and correlate with survival outcome
Authors: Chen Qiangxing , Chen Zixin , Zhang Jing , Cai Yunqiang , Wu Shangdi , He Du , Cheng Ke , Gu Xiafei , Cai Yu , Wang Xin , Li Yongbin , Zhang Man , Wu Zhong , Peng Bing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is a significant difference in prognosis and response to chemotherapy between basal and classical subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Further biomarkers are required to identify subtypes of PDAC. We selected candidate biomarkers via review articles. Correlations between these candidate markers and the PDAC molecular subtype gene sets were analyzed using bioinformatics, confirming the biomarkers for identifying classical and basal subtypes. Subsequently, 298 PDAC patients were included, and their tumor tissues were immunohistochemically stratified using these biomarkers. Survival data underwent analysis, including Cox proportional hazards modeling. Our results indicate that the pairwise and triple combinations of KRT5/KRT17/S100A2 exhibit a higher correlation coefficient with the basal‐like subtype gene set, whereas the corresponding combinations of GATA6/HNF4A/TFF1 show a higher correlation with the classical subtype gene set. Whether analyzing unmatched or propensity‐matched data, the overall survival time was significantly shorter for the basal subtype compared with the classical subtype (p < .001), with basal subtype patients also facing a higher risk of mortality (HR = 4.017, 95% CI 2.675–6.032, p < .001). In conclusion, the combined expression of KRT5, KRT17, and S100A2, in both pairwise and triple combinations, independently predicts shorter overall survival in PDAC patients and likely identifies the basal subtype. Similarly, the combined expression of GATA6, HNF4A, and TFF1, in the same manner, may indicate the classical subtype. In our study, the combined application of established biomarkers offers valuable insights for the prognostic evaluation of PDAC patients.
Off-label Use of Lamotrigine and Naltrexone in the Treatment of Ketamine Use Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Avra Tucker , Vasudevan Felipe , Mukherjee Rohit , Morton Isabella , Samuels Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic increasingly utilized in United States medical settings for the treatment of mental health conditions. Additionally, it is increasingly used in nonmedical settings for its dissociative properties. While nonmedical ketamine use and ketamine use disorder (KUD) have been observed internationally, KUD, and approaches to its treatment, have not been previously described in the US.

Case Presentation
We present the case of a 32-year-old man with KUD who experienced severe cravings despite receipt of residential and intensive outpatient substance use disorder treatment. He resumed use after an initial period of abstinence and was subsequently started on lamotrigine and naltrexone for treatment of depressive symptoms and cravings. This combination altered his experience while on ketamine, resulting in nausea and decreased hallucinogenic effects. In addition, it substantially decreased his cravings, aiding him in achieving longer-term abstinence in combination with receipt of dialectical behavioral therapy, familial support, and involvement in 12-step programming.

Discussion
KUD is a poorly described condition that may become more prevalent as US ketamine use increases. Combining treatment of depressive symptoms and cravings, in this case with lamotrigine and naltrexone, may be a promising pharmacotherapeutic strategy. Lamotrigine, an antiepileptic with glutamate modulating effects, has been utilized to decrease cravings in a variety of substance use disorders. Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist approved for alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder and is used off-label for stimulant use disorder. This combination offers a possible pharmacotherapeutic option for KUD with more research needed to further evaluate.
Contemporary Practice Patterns in the Treatment of Cervical Stenosis and Central Cord Syndrome
Authors: Levy Hannah A. , Pinter Zachariah W. , Kazarian Erick R. , Sodha Sonal , Rhee John M. , Fehlings Michael G. , Freedman Brett A. , Nassr Ahmad N. , Karamian Brian A. , Sebastian Arjun S. , Currier Bradford 
Published: August 2024

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Objective:
To evaluate for areas of consensus and divergence of opinion within the spine community regarding the management of cervical spondylotic conditions and acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) and the influence of the patient's age, disease severity, and myelomalacia.

Summary of Background Data:
There is ongoing disagreement regarding the indications for, and urgency of, operative intervention in patients with mild degenerative myelopathy, moderate to severe radiculopathy, isolated axial symptomatology with evidence of spinal cord compression, and ATCCS without myelomalacia.

Methods:
A survey request was sent to 330 attendees of the Cervical Spine Research Society (CSRS) 2021 Annual Meeting to assess practice patterns regarding the treatment of cervical stenosis, myelopathy, radiculopathy, and ATCCS in 16 unique clinical vignettes with associated MRIs. Operative versus nonoperative treatment consensus was defined by a management option selected by >80% of survey participants.

Results:
Overall, 116 meeting attendees completed the survey. Consensus supported nonoperative management for elderly patients with axial neck pain and adults with axial neck pain without myelomalacia. Operative management was indicated for adult patients with mild myelopathy and myelomalacia, adult patients with severe radiculopathy, elderly patients with severe radiculopathy and myelomalacia, and elderly ATCCS patients with pre-existing myelopathic symptoms. Treatment discrepancy in favor of nonoperative management was found for adult patients with isolated axial symptomatology and myelomalacia. Treatment discrepancy favored operative management for elderly patients with mild myelopathy, adult patients with mild myelopathy without myelomalacia, elderly patients with severe radiculopathy without myelomalacia, and elderly ATCCS patients without preceding symptoms.

Conclusions:
Although there is uncertainty regarding the treatment of mild myelopathy, operative intervention was favored for nonelderly patients with evidence of myelomalacia or radiculopathy and for elderly patients with ATCCS, especially if pre-injury myelopathic symptoms were present.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
Pan-lysyl oxidase inhibition disrupts fibroinflammatory tumor stroma, rendering cholangiocarcinoma susceptible to chemotherapy
Authors: Burchard Paul R. , Ruffolo Luis I. , Ullman Nicholas A. , Dale Benjamin S. , Dave Yatee A. , Hilty Bailey K. , Ye Jian , Georger Mary , Jewell Rachel , Miller Christine , De Las Casas Luis , Jarolimek Wolfgang , Perryman Lara , Byrne Matthew M. , Loria Anthony , Marin Chelsea , Chávez Villa Mariana , Yeh Jen Jen , Belt Brian A. , Linehan David C. , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) features highly desmoplastic stroma that promotes structural and functional resistance to therapy. Lysyl oxidases (LOX, LOXL1–4) catalyze collagen cross-linking, thereby increasing stromal rigidity and facilitating therapeutic resistance. Here, we evaluate the role of lysyl oxidases in stromal desmoplasia and the effects of pan-lysyl oxidase (pan-LOX) inhibition in CCA.

Methods:
Resected CCA and normal liver specimens were analyzed from archival tissues. Spontaneous and orthotopic murine models of intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) were used to assess the impact of the pan-LOX inhibitor PXS-5505 in treatment and correlative studies. The functional role of pan-LOX inhibition was interrogated through in vivo and ex vivo assays.

Results:
All 5 lysyl oxidases are upregulated in CCA and reduced lysyl oxidase expression is correlated with an improved prognosis in resected patients with CCA. Spontaneous and orthotopic murine models of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma upregulate all 5 lysyl oxidase isoforms. Pan-LOX inhibition reversed mechanical compression of tumor vasculature, resulting in improved chemotherapeutic penetrance and cytotoxic efficacy. The combination of chemotherapy with pan-LOX inhibition increased damage-associated molecular pattern release, which was associated with improved antitumor T-cell responses. Pan-LOX inhibition downregulated macrophage invasive signatures in vitro, rendering tumor-associated macrophages more susceptible to chemotherapy. Mice bearing orthotopic and spontaneously occurring intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tumors exhibited delayed tumor growth and improved survival following a combination of pan-LOX inhibition with chemotherapy.

Conclusions:
CCA upregulates all 5 lysyl oxidase isoforms, and pan-LOX inhibition reverses tumor-induced mechanical forces associated with chemotherapy resistance to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy and reprogram antitumor immune responses. Thus, combination therapy with pan-LOX inhibition represents an innovative therapeutic strategy in CCA.
The Relationship Between Voluntary Participation Status and Health Promotion Lifestyle Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the Community
Authors: Tai Kuo-Bin , Su Mei-Chen , Hsieh Pei-Lin , Wu Fei-Ling 
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the characteristics, health status, and health-promoting lifestyles of volunteer workers who participate in the community among middle-aged and older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 173 middle-aged and older adults volunteers from 2 communities in North Taiwan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included Demographic Characteristics Form, Self-Rated Health Status Scale, and Health Promotion Lifestyle Scale. Most of the volunteers were female, with an average age of 60.41 (±9.30) years. The average item score for the health promotion lifestyle was 74.07 (SD = 19.27). Participants scored highest on the social support subscales and lowest on the exercise subscales, followed by health responsibility subscales. Multiple regression analysis revealed that an average of 6 to 8 hours of volunteer services per week, diversity of volunteer services, and self-rated health status were each significantly associated with a greater health promotion lifestyle. Community health care workers should strengthen community volunteer support networks and motivate volunteers to attend health-related classes. Various community activities can remind each volunteer of their health responsibilities and awareness of a healthy promotion lifestyle.
Effect of Protective Eyewear on Physicians’ Lens Exposure during Fluoroscopy
Authors: Hitomi Takahira , Takashi Kudo , Reiko Ideguchi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The ICRP 2011 Seoul Statement recommended a reduction in the dose limit for lens exposure to 100 mSv for 5 y and 50 mSv for 1 y. Based on this recommendation, the dose limit for lens exposure was lowered in Japan with the revision of the Ionization Regulations, which took effect in April 2021. In the present study, lens doses were measured during fluoroscopic procedures performed in four departments (Urology, Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, and Orthopedics). Lens doses were measured without protective eyewear for 6 mo (pre-intervention) and then with protective eyewear for the next 6 mo (post-intervention). Monthly doses were collected and lens doses before and after the use of protective eyewear were calculated as the lens dose per unit time. The use of protective eyewear reduced the lens dose per unit time by approximately two thirds. In all departments, the lens dose was slightly lower after than before the intervention. A significant difference was observed in lens doses between the pre- and post-intervention periods in the Urology department. The present results demonstrated the effectiveness of protective eyewear in daily practice. Therefore, the use of protective eyewear is recommended during fluoroscopic procedures.