bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using support vector regression to predict direct runoff, base flow and total flow in a mountainous watershed with limited data in Uttaranchal, India
Authors: Adamowski Jan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Using support vector regression to predict direct runoff, base flow and total flow in a mountainous watershed with limited data in Uttaranchal, India. In the ecologically sensitive Himalayan region, land transformations and utilization of natural resources have modified water flow patterns. To ascertain future sustainable water supply it is necessary to predict water flow from the watersheds as affected by rainfall and morphological parameters. Although such predictions may be made using available process- -based models, in mountainous and hilly areas it is extremely difficult to determine the numerous parameters needed to run such models, thus limiting their applicability. Artificial intelligence (AI) based models are a possible alternative in such circumstances. In this study an AI technique, support vector machines (SVM), was used for modeling the rainfall-runoff relationship from three hilly watersheds in the state of Uttaranchal, India. Different SVM models were developed to predict direct runoff, base flow, and total flow based on the daily rainfall, runoff, and morphological parameters collected from each watershed. The results confirm the potential of SVM models in the prediction of runoff, base flow, and total flow in hilly areas.
Alterations in Respiratory and Limb Muscle Strength and Size in Patients With Sepsis Who Are Mechanically Ventilated
Authors: Baldwin Claire E. , Bersten Andrew D. 
Published: September 2013

Background
Skeletal muscle wasting and weakness are common in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit, although less is known about deficits in diaphragm and limb muscles when mechanical ventilation also is required.

Objective
The objective of this study was to concurrently investigate relative differences in both thickness and strength of respiratory and peripheral muscles during routine care.

Design
A prospective, cross-sectional study of 16 alert patients with sepsis and 16 people who were healthy (control group) was used.

Methods
Assessment was made of the diaphragm, upper arm, forearm, and thigh muscle thicknesses with the use of ultrasound; respiratory muscle strength by means of maximal inspiratory pressure; and isometric handgrip, elbow flexion, and knee extension forces with the use of portable dynamometry. To describe relative changes, data also were normalized to fat-free body mass (FFM) measured by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy.

Results
Patients (9 men, 7 women; mean age=62 years, SD=17) were assessed after a median of 16 days (interquartile range=11–29) of intensive care unit admission. Patients' diaphragm thickness did not differ from that of the control group, even for a given FFM. When normalized to FFM, only the difference in patients' mid-thigh muscle size significantly deviated from that of the control group. Within the patient sample, all peripheral muscle groups were thinner compared with the diaphragm. Patients were significantly weaker than were the control group participants in all muscle groups, including for a given FFM. Within the critically ill group, limb weakness was greater than the already-significant respiratory muscle weakness.

Limitations
Volitional strength tests were applied such that successive measurements from earlier in the course of illness could not be reliably obtained.

Conclusions
When measured at bedside, survivors of sepsis and a period of mechanical ventilation may have respiratory muscle weakness without remarkable diaphragm wasting. Furthermore, deficits in peripheral muscle strength and size may exceed those in the diaphragm.
Incidence of Cardiac Arrhythmia in Chronic Cor Pulmonale with Special Reference to its Etiology
Authors: Nayak Jadumani , Naik Manoranjan , Panda Smaraka R , Behera Sudeshna 
Published: September 2013

Objective: to evaluate the incidence of cardiac arrhythmia in chronic cor pulmonale and to focus on the contributing etiological factors. Material & Methods: 35 cases of chronic cor pulmonale were thoroughly examined for the presence of arrhythmia. After recording history & physical examination blood was collected for various investigations like serum potassium, blood urea, blood volume and ABG study before and after the development of arrhythmia. Along with this X-ray & ECG were done in every case. Results: incidence of cardiac arrhythmia among all cor pulmonale patients was found to be 20% of which supraventricular ectopic beats was the most common. Respiratory infection may be thought to be the major factor in the development of congestive heart failure & different cardiac dysarrhythmia. Besides this, not a single possible factor has been found to be associated with cardiac arrhythmia. Conclusion: cor pulmonale has a low incidence in this part of country. Not a single factor associated with cardiac arrhythmia could be found out except pulmonary infection. Further studies are required in this field on a larger number of patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8393 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.15-19
Phenotypic characteristics of Individual Bull used for Artificial Insemination (AI) Programme in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarder MJU , Sultana R , Naha L , Islam MA 
Published: September 2013

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the effect of phenotypic characteristics on the performances of bulls at three AI centres/stations (CCBSDF, Savar, RDCIF, Rajabarihat and District AI centres, Rajshahi). A total 71 bulls were studied for phenotypic parameters, viz., body weight, body condition score, scrotal circumference (SC), libido score and time required between two ejaculates during 1993 to 2002. The information on the phenotypic parameters was obtained by interviewing the semen collectors in respective AI centers, reading the AI bull resister as well as examining and observing the bull during semen collection. The bulls were classified according to genetic composition viz., Group I: 100% Friesian, Group II: 100% Sahiwal, Group III: 75% Friesian? 25% Local, Group IV: 50% Sahiwa l?50% Friesian, Group V: 50% Friesian ? 50% Local and Group VI: 100% Local. In general, the average body weight, body condition score, scrotal circumference (SC), libido score and time required between two ejaculates were 572 ? 124 kg, 3.2 ? 0.5 (Score:1-5), 36.3 ? 1.9cm, 3.3 ? 0.6 (Score:1-5) and 7.1 ? 2.3 minutes, respectively. Individual bull had significant effect on phenotypic characteristics in six genetic groups. The overall better performance of phenotypic parameter was observed in bull Id #: 0065 for Friesian breed, 163 for 100% Sahiwal breed, 7811 for 75% Friesian ?25% Local, 5156 for 50% Sahiwal?50% Friesian, 8224 for 50% Friesian ? 50% Local and 40248 for 100% Local breed. Therefore, phenotypic characteristics has clearly influenced on bull performances of Artificial Insemination (AI) programme in Bangladesh. Key words: Phenotypic characteristics, Individual bull and AI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2209 J. bio-sci. 15: 99-109, 2007
Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Two Mexican Coastal Fisheries: Implications for Food Security
Authors: Ibarra Alonso Aguilar , Vargas Armando Sánchez , López Benjamín Martínez 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper has a twofold objective: First, to estimate the changes in landings value by 2030 for two Mexican coastal fisheries, specifically shrimp and sardine fisheries, as a consequence of climate change; and second, to discuss the implications of such impacts for food security. A dynamic panel model was used for the Mexican fisheries sector, with data from 1990 through 2009. The results suggest that shrimp production will be negatively affected, while in contrast, the sardine fishery is expected to benefit from the increase in temperature. Most losses/gains would be observed in the NW Mexican Pacific, where the fishing sector has an important role in the local economy, representing a risk to food security in both direct and indirect ways.
Francophonie. Idéologie, variation, canon : modèles
québécois
pour la francophonie littéraire
Authors: Provenzano François 
Published: September 2013

L’histoire de la francophonie et celle du Québec présentent une nette intersection au cours de la décennie 1960, où s’affirment les premiers plaidoyers pour une « Civilisation de l’Universel » en langue française, en même temps que se produit la Révolution tranquille. Cette intersection colore les premières contributions québécoises à la cause francophone d’une teinte idéologique bien identifiable. La recherche en littérature prendra ensuite des inflexions différentes, et le Québec se distinguera pour son rôle pionnier dans la mise en oeuvre de méthodes ou de questionnements nouveaux, qui orienteront globalement le paradigme des études francophones : la langue d’écriture, le rapport à la France, l’inscription sociale du littéraire. Enfin, les travaux québécois manifestent un intérêt particulier pour la question du canon littéraire. Si cet intérêt est souvent animé par une visée critique, il témoigne aussi d’un souci d’articuler de nouvelles échelles de valeurs, plus locales. En cela également, le Québec pourrait constituer un modèle susceptible d’influer sur les derniers développements en études francophones.
Chemical Agents that Cause Occupational Diseases
Authors: Lim John Wah , Koh David 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Chemicals are used extensively both in industry and in our daily lives. Chemicals may appear harmless, but can result in adverse health effects immediately upon contact or after prolonged exposure. Occupational disease (OD) refers to any disease contracted as a result of exposure to factors arising from work activity. The list of ODs prepared by the International Labour Organization (ILO) has four main groups: ODs caused by exposure to agents arising from work activities (such as chemical, physical, and biological agents); ODs by target organ systems; occupational cancer; and other diseases. Chemical agents are the commonest occupational hazard that can result in OD. This entry describes the toxicity of chemicals, their route of exposure, and different health effects caused by chemical agents, with a focus on ODs and cancer caused by chemicals. Principles of preventive measures in the workplace will also be discussed.
Reaffirmation of GAK, but not HLA‐DRA, as a Parkinson's disease susceptibility gene in a Taiwanese population
Authors: Lin Chin‐Hsien , Chen Meng‐Ling , Tai Yi‐Cheng , Yu Chin‐Yi , Wu Ruey‐Meei 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTRecent genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Caucasian populations have identified two new susceptibility loci, GAK and HLA‐DRA; however, only limited information exists regarding the involvement of these genes in PD risk in other ethnic groups. Here, we examined whether these genetic effects were consistent in a Taiwanese PD population. In a total 900 participants, including 448 PD patients and 452 control subjects, we genotyped the rs11248051 and rs1564282 variants of GAK, and the rs3129882 variant of HLA‐DRA. Logistic regression analysis was used to test for associations between genotype and PD under an additive model, adjusting for age and gender. Subjects with CT/TT genotypes of GAK rs11248051 had a modestly increased association with PD compared to those with CC genotype (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.87; P = 0.03). Carriers and non‐carriers exhibited indistinguishable phenotypes in regards to clinical presentation and onset age. We observed no association between PD risk and GAK rs1564282 or HLA‐DRA rs3129882 variant. The different genetic effects between Taiwanese and Caucasian populations may come from differences in population structure and geographic region‐specific genetic–environmental interactions. In conclusion, our results supported the association between the rs11248051 variant in GAK and PD risk in a Taiwanese population. Future functional studies of GAK in neuronal degeneration are warranted to unravel its role in the pathogenetic mechanism of PD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Haplotype co‐segregation with attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder in unrelated german multi‐generation families
Authors: Lin Michelle K. , Freitag Christine M. , Schote Andrea B. , Pálmason Haukur , Seitz Christiane , Renner Tobias J. , Romanos Marcel , Walitza Susanne , Jacob Christian P. , Reif Andreas , Warnke Andreas , Cantor Rita M. , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Meyer Jobst 
Published: September 2013

AbstractComplex disorders have proved to be elusive in the search for underlying genetic causes. In the presence of large multi‐generation pedigrees with multiple affected individuals, heritable familial forms of the disorders can be postulated. Observations of particular chromosomal haplotypes shared among all affected individuals within pedigrees may reveal chromosomal regions, in which the disease‐related genes may be located. Hence, the biochemical pathways involved in pathogenesis can be exposed. We have recruited eight large Attention Deficit‐Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, OMIM: #143465) families of German descent. Densely spaced informative microsatellite markers with high heterozygosity rates were used to fine‐map and haplotype chromosomal regions of interest in these families. In three subsets and one full family of the eight ADHD families, haplotypes co‐segregating with ADHD‐affected individuals were identified at chromosomes 1q25, 5q11–5q13, 9q31–9q32, and 18q11–18q21. Positive LOD scores supported these co‐segregations. The existence of haplotypes co‐segregating among affected individuals in large ADHD pedigrees suggests the existence of Mendelian forms of the disorder and that ADHD‐related genes are located within these haplotypes. In depth sequencing of these haplotype regions can identify causative genetic mechanisms and will allow further insights into the clinico‐genetics of this complex disorder. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High rates of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders among women with premutation of the FMR1 gene
Authors: Kenna Heather A. , Tartter Molly , Hall Scott S. , Lightbody Amy A. , Nguyen Quynh , de los Angeles C. Paula , Reiss Allan L. , Rasgon Natalie L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPhenotypic variations are emerging from investigations of carriers of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) premutation gene (55 to 200 CGG repeats). Initial studies suggest elevated psychiatric and reproductive system dysfunction, but have largely used self‐reports for assessment of psychiatric history. The present study used diagnostic psychiatric interviews and assessed reproductive and menstrual history in women with FMR1 premutation. History of psychiatric diagnoses and data on reproductive functioning were collected in 46 women with FMR1 premutation who were mothers of at least one child with the fragile X full mutation. Results showed a significantly earlier age of menopause (mean age = 45.6 years) relative to the national average age of menopause (mean age = 51 years) and a high rate (76%) of lifetime depressive or anxiety history, with 43% of the overall sample reporting a comorbid history of both diagnoses. Compared to those free of psychiatric history, significantly longer premutation length was observed among women with psychiatric history after adjusting for age, with comorbid women having the highest number of CGG repeats (mean = 95.8) compared to women free of psychiatric history (mean = 79.9). Psychiatric history did not appear significantly related to reproductive system dysfunction, though results may have been obscured by the high rates of psychiatric dysfunction in the sample. These data add to the growing evidence base that women with the FMR1 premutation have an increased risk of psychiatric illness and risk for early menopause. Future investigations may benefit from inclusion of biochemical reproductive markers and longitudinal assessment of psychiatric and reproductive functioning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The neolithic demographic transition and oral health: The Southeast Asian experience
Authors: Willis Anna , Oxenham Marc F. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to present new oral health data from Neolithic An Son, southern Vietnam, in the context of (1) a reassessment of published data on other Neolithic, Bronze, and Iron Age Southeast Asian dental series, and (2) predictions of the Neolithic Demographic Transition (NDT). To this end, frequencies for three oral conditions (caries, antemortem tooth loss, and alveolar lesions) were investigated for seven Southeast Asian adult dental series from Thailand and Vietnam with respect to time period, age‐at‐death and sex. A clear pattern of elevated rates for oral disease in the Neolithic followed by a marked improvement in oral health during the Bronze and Iron Ages was observed. Moreover, rates of caries and antemortem tooth loss for females were almost without exception higher than that for males in all samples. The consensus view among Southeast Asian bioarchaeologists that oral health did not decline with the adoption/intensification of agriculture in Southeast Asia, can no longer be supported. In light of evidence for (1) the low cariogenicity of rice; (2) the physiological predisposition of females (particularly when pregnant) to poorer oral health; and (3) health predictions of the NDT model with respect to elevated levels of fertility, the most plausible chief explanation for the observed patterns in oral health in Southeast Asia is increased levels of fertility during the Neolithic, followed by a decline in fertility during the subsequent Bronze and Iron Ages. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:197–208, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hunter‐gatherer variability: Dental wear in South Australia
Authors: Littleton Judith , Scott Rachel , McFarlane Gina , Walshe Keryn 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTOften it is assumed that hunter‐gatherer dentitions are dominated by heavy attrition. Recent analyses, however, have shown unexpected variability in the pattern of wear between groups. It had been previously noted that wear differed between neighboring groups on the Murray River, Australia. This analysis extends that geographic scope as well as focusing on wear across the dentition, including the premolars. The samples came from coastal and riverine regions of southern Australia. The analysis used records from the Yorke Peninsula, Adelaide Plains (Gillman site), and Euston regions. These were compared with previously published work from the Adelaide Plains and four locations on the Murray River. The results confirm the overall severity of wear but reveal systematic differences between the samples in terms of the pattern of wear. Heavy wear on the incisors and canines is observed among males from the Euston, Kaurna, Middle A, Murray Mouth, and Yorke Peninsula samples but with marked intra‐individual variability. Extensive premolar wear is noted among females from Kaurna and Middle B samples as well as among males and females from Euston. It is argued that these patterns relate to gendered non‐masticatory use of teeth and reliance upon bulrush (Typhaspp.) and related species for both food and fiber among some groups. We argue that analyzing the degree of variability within samples and across all teeth provides a more nuanced understanding of dental wear among hunter‐gatherers. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:273–286, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoresponsive/low‐fouling Zwitterionic hydrogel for controlled drug release
Authors: Zeng Renchang , Xu Shouping , Cheng Jiang , Cai Zhiqi , Pi Pihui , Wen Xiufang 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA controlled/ living free‐radical polymerization technique was introduced to prepared a homogeneous poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐g‐poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) hydrogel (RG) possessing a highly porous architecture via two steps. Compared to a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) hydrogel (CG) prepared by conventional radical polymerization, RG exhibited a much faster shrinking rate (it lost over 72% of the water in 15 min) in response to the temperature changes. The release behaviors of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCHC) of the hydrogels indicated the TCHC release from the RG could be prolonged to 48 h at 37°C; this was much longer than that for CG (5 h at 37°C). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as the model protein to examine the low‐fouling properties of the RG. The BSA adsorption data showed that improved antifouling properties could be achieved by the RG at both 25 and 37°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39816.
Synthesis and characterization of conductive composite films of polyisoprene/PA12@ PANI
Authors: Mezdour Douniazed , Pilard Jean‐François , Tabellout Mohamed , Odake Shoko , Sahli Salah 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPolyamide@Polyaniline powders of core‐shell structure are known to have reduced conduction thresholds useful to maintain the mechanical and optical properties of the matrix. However, difficulties emerge at the synthesis stage, where dissolving the matrix without damaging the core‐shell particles becomes a challenge. The present solution avoids using solvents. Conductive polymer films containing solid Polyamide@Polyaniline particles are elaborated by UV photoreticulation of a liquid polyisoprene serving as a matrix. The conductive powders are obtained by in‐situ polymerization of aniline in presence of polyamide 12 (PA12) at room temperature using Dodecyl benzene sulfonic doping acid and Ammonium persulfate oxidant. Obtained films exhibit low percolation threshold compared to those containing pure solid polyaniline (PANI) particles even more conductive. This threshold is shown to be about 1.5 wt % of PANI. Films show good electrical conductivity and thermal stability up to 200°C allowing their use as antistatic polymer films for high temperatures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39833.
Preparation of antimicrobial polycarboxybetaine‐based hydrogels for studies of drug loading and release
Authors: Xu Shouping , Zeng Renchang , Cheng Jiang , Cai Zhiqi , Wen Xiufang , Pi Pihui 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA series of cationic poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM)‐g‐poly(carboxybetaine ester) (PCBMAE) hydrogels were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization with PCBMAE precursors reacting with N‐isopropyl acrylamide in the presence of N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide. These hydrogels exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and could switch to nontoxic zwitterionic hydrogels after hydrolysis. Nonionic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCHC) and anionic sodium salicylate (SA) were selected to evaluate the loading capacities and release kinetics of the cationic hydrogels. We found that the loading efficiencies of TCHC in the PNIPAM‐g‐PCBMAE hydrogels were approximately twice as high as those of SA. However, the cumulative release amount of TCHC was lower than that of SA from the corresponding cationic hydrogel at 37°C. In addition, the PNIPAM‐g‐PCBMAE hydrogels exhibited accelerated release rates of both TCHC and SA with increasing content of (2‐carboxymethyl)−3‐acryloxyethyldimethylammonium chloride methyl ester. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39839.