bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of atrial fibrillation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and preventive strategies
Authors: Fekete Mónika , Liotta Eric M. , Molnar Tihamer , Fülöp Gábor A. , Lehoczki Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aging population in Europe faces a substantial burden from dementia, with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) being a preventable cause. Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common cardiac arrhythmia, increases the risk of VCID through mechanisms such as thromboembolism, cerebral hypoperfusion, and inflammation. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and preventive strategies for AF-related VCID. Epidemiological data indicate that AF prevalence rises with age, affecting up to 12% of individuals over 80. Neuroimaging studies reveal chronic brain changes in AF patients, including strokes, lacunar strokes, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and cerebral microbleeds (CMHs), while cognitive assessments show impairments in memory, executive function, and attention. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the underdiagnosis of AF, leading to an increase in undiagnosed strokes and cognitive impairment. Many elderly individuals did not seek medical care due to fear of exposure, resulting in delayed diagnoses. Additionally, reduced family supervision during the pandemic contributed to missed opportunities for early detection of AF and related complications. Emerging evidence suggests that long COVID may also elevate the risk of AF, further complicating the management of this condition. This review underscores the importance of early detection and comprehensive management of AF to mitigate cognitive decline. Preventive measures, including public awareness campaigns, patient education, and the use of smart devices for early detection, are crucial. Anticoagulation therapy, rate and rhythm control, and addressing comorbid conditions are essential therapeutic strategies. Recognizing and addressing the cardiovascular and cognitive impacts of AF, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is essential for advancing public health.
A survey on integration of large language models with intelligent robots
Authors: Kim Yeseung , Kim Dohyun , Choi Jieun , Park Jisang , Oh Nayoung , Park Daehyung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the integration of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of robotics, enabling robots to communicate, understand, and reason with human-like proficiency. This paper explores the multifaceted impact of LLMs on robotics, addressing key challenges and opportunities for leveraging these models across various domains. By categorizing and analyzing LLM applications within core robotics elements—communication, perception, planning, and control—we aim to provide actionable insights for researchers seeking to integrate LLMs into their robotic systems. Our investigation focuses on LLMs developed post-GPT-3.5, primarily in text-based modalities while also considering multimodal approaches for perception and control. We offer comprehensive guidelines and examples for prompt engineering, facilitating beginners’ access to LLM-based robotics solutions. Through tutorial-level examples and structured prompt construction, we illustrate how LLM-guided enhancements can be seamlessly integrated into robotics applications. This survey serves as a roadmap for researchers navigating the evolving landscape of LLM-driven robotics, offering a comprehensive overview and practical guidance for harnessing the power of language models in robotics development.
Addiction Consult Service and Inpatient Outcomes Among Patients with OUD
Authors: Jakubowski Andrea , Singh‑Tan Sumeet , Torres‑Lockhart Kristine , Lu Tiffany , Arnsten Julia , Southern William , Nahvi Shadi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite rising hospitalizations for opioid use disorder (OUD), rates of inpatient medications for OUD (MOUD) initiation are low. Addiction consult services (ACSs) facilitate inpatient MOUD initiation and linkage to post-discharge MOUD, but few studies have rigorously examined ACS OUD outcomes.

Objective
To determine the association between ACS consultation and inpatient MOUD initiation, discharge MOUD provision, and post-discharge MOUD linkage.

Design
Retrospective study comparing admissions that received an ACS consult and propensity score–matched historical control admissions.

Subjects
One hundred admissions with an OUD-related diagnosis, of patients not currently receiving MOUD who received an ACS consult, and 100 matched historical controls.

Intervention
Consultation from an interprofessional ACS offering expertise in MOUD initiation and linkage to post-discharge MOUD.

Main Measures
The primary outcome was inpatient MOUD initiation (methadone or buprenorphine). Secondary outcomes were inpatient buprenorphine initiation, inpatient methadone initiation, discharge prescription for buprenorphine, linkage to post-discharge MOUD (buprenorphine prescription within 60 days and new methadone administration at a methadone program within 30 days after discharge), patient-directed discharge, 30-day readmission, and 30-day emergency department (ED) visit.

Key Results
Among 200 admissions with an OUD-related diagnosis, those that received an ACS consultation were significantly more likely to have inpatient MOUD initiation (OR 2.57 [CI 1.44–4.61]), inpatient buprenorphine initiation (OR 5.50 [2.14–14.15]), a discharge prescription for buprenorphine (OR 17.22 [3.94–75.13]), a buprenorphine prescription within 60 days (22.0% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001; of those with inpatient buprenorphine initiation: 84.6% vs. 0.0%), and new methadone administration at a methadone program within 30 days after discharge (7.0% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.007; of those with inpatient methadone initiation: 19.4% vs. 0.0%). There were no significant differences in other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
There was a strong association between ACS consultation and inpatient MOUD initiation and linkage to post-discharge MOUD. ACSs promote the delivery of evidence-based care for patients with OUD.
Controversies in Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Kratom Use Disorder
Authors: Smith Kirsten E. , Epstein David H. , Weiss Stephanie T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We apply the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorders (SUDs) to the herbal product kratom. Similarities and differences between kratom use disorder (KUD) and other SUDs are explored, along with assessment, diagnostic, and therapeutic recommendations for KUD.

Recent Findings
Literature reports of “kratom addiction” or KUD rarely specify the criteria by which patients were diagnosed. Individuals meeting DSM-5 KUD criteria typically do so via tolerance and withdrawal, using more than intended, and craving, not functional or ​psychosocial disruption, which occur rarely. Most clinicians who use medication to treat patients with isolated KUD select buprenorphine formulations, although there are no controlled studies showing that buprenorphine is safe or efficacious in this patient population.

Summary
Diagnosis and treatment decisions for KUD should be systematic. We propose an algorithm that takes into consideration whether KUD occurs with comorbid opioid use disorder.
Multicolumn Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Back and Leg Pain in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Atwan Hany , Serag Ibrahim , Abouzid Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) presents a formidable challenge, marked by the persistence of chronic lower back pain and leg pain despite undergoing surgical interventions. Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation (m-SCS) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing the pain associated with FBSS. This meta-analysis aims to study the efficacy of m-SCS in mitigating chronic back and leg pain among patients with FBSS.

Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to October 25th, 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials and cohort studies evaluating the outcomes of m-SCS in patients with FBSS. The primary outcome measured was the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score for low back and leg pain at baseline, six months, and 12 months.

Results
A total of eight studies, including 271 patients, were analyzed. At six months, there was a statistically significant reduction in the VAS scores for low back pain (MD, 4.76; 95% CI, 3.78 to 5.74) and leg pain (MD, 4.41; 95% CI, 2.93 to 5.90) compared to baseline. Similarly, at 12 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in the VAS scores for low back pain (MD, 4.77; 95% CI, 4.34 to 5.20) and leg pain (MD, 2.78; 95% CI, 0.72 to 4.85) compared to baseline.

Conclusion
m-SCS effectively manages chronic back and leg pain in FBSS patients, providing sustained pain relief. Studies with more extended follow-up periods and qualitative analysis for the functional outcomes and overall improvement for the patients with FBSS are recommended.
Exposing State Repression: Digital Discursive Contention by Chinese Protestors
Authors: Fu Diana , Göbel Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne of the major issues in international development is how disadvantaged populations mobilize in response to state repression. Whether in the Black Lives Movement or in the 2011 Arab Spring, digital exposures of police abuse have spurred social movements when people took to social media to expose it. Yet, in authoritarian regimes, citizens cannot easily initiate or participate in social movements. In such cases, how do victims of police violence express their dissatisfaction? This study examines this question in contemporary China, where repression of protesters is well documented. Based on a dataset of microblogs—Chinese tweets—documenting 74,415 protest events in the early Xi administration (2013–2016), this study analyzes how ordinary protestors, including migrant workers, peasants, and the urban poor, expose police abuse in social media. A close reading of microblogs documenting 150 randomly sampled events finds that Chinese protestors adopt three distinct narrative types: citizenship, solidarity, and confrontational. An accompanying quantitative analysis of the wider dataset further finds that ordinary protestors frequently expose police abuse online and that mentions of police abuse are closely associated with the above three narratives. Overall, this study contributes to understanding how abused protestors discursively contest authorities in the world’s most powerful authoritarian regime.
Manifestation of Women’s Rights in School Textbooks? Evidence from Social Science Textbooks in India
Authors: Košir Suzana , Lakshminarayanan Radhika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn India, consistent marginalization of women suggests that broader societal transformation is needed to transcend gender stereotypes and foster gender equality. Effective school curriculum and textbook content can influence and revitalize mindsets to respect and uphold women’s rights (WR). This research examines the manifestation and extent to which WR is addressed in Indian school social science textbooks using qualitative content analysis. Data from official primary and secondary school textbooks published between 2006 and 2013 and reprinted between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed, based on the components of WR prescribed by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). The results indicate that there is negligible focus on WR in textbooks at the elementary level. While both explicit and implicit focus on WR increased at the secondary and senior secondary levels, some vital aspects were either marginally represented or completely missing.
Combined Effects of Local and Regional Drivers on Oyster Spat Density and Growth in Eastern Australia
Authors: Wills Erin K. , Henderson Christopher J. , Olds Andrew D. , Willis Caitlin S. , Gilby Ben L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUp to 85% of shellfish reefs have been lost worldwide, resulting in declining ecosystem services, and increasing restoration demand. However, more information regarding the conditions which maximise oyster settlement and growth is required to optimise restoration. We deployed oyster settlement tiles at 21 intertidal sites throughout Moreton Bay, Australia; a region where > 96% of rock oyster reefs are lost and demand for restoration is high. We quantified effects of variables describing the spatial (from GIS), local habitat (using quadrats and water quality measures), and oyster predator (using underwater videography) characteristics of sites on oyster density and size on tiles. Oyster density was highest at sites with intermediate predator abundance and temperature, highest nearby invertebrate cover, and low and high values of turbidity and nearby rock and algae cover. Conversely, oyster size was highest at sites with intermediate predator density, higher fish species richness and turbidity, and lowest temperatures. Together, this showed that optimal restoration requires sites with 22 to 23 °C average water temperatures, between 10 and 15 oyster predators, and either low (< 2 NTU) or high (> 6 NTU) turbidity levels. Notably, we observed multiple peaks for several variables, suggesting the potential presence of multiple cryptic oyster species on settlement tiles. We found that oysters shared preferred environmental conditions with polychaetes, coralline algae, and tunicates, and were more prevalent and abundant at sites with lower turf algae, barnacle, and mussel cover. Identifying environmental variables influencing oyster population distribution, settlement, and growth can guide the selection and approach of oyster restoration sites.
On the (in)efficiency of fuzzing network protocols
Authors: Andarzian Seyed Behnam , Daniele Cristian , Poll Erik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFuzzing is a widely used and effective technique to test software. Unfortunately, certain systems, including network protocols, are more challenging to fuzz than others. An important complication with fuzzing network protocols is that this tends to be a slow process, which is problematic as fuzzing involves many test inputs. This article analyzes the root causes behind the inefficiency of fuzzing network protocols and strategies to avoid them. It extends our earlier work on network protocol fuzzers, which explored some of these strategies, to give a more comprehensive overview of overheads in fuzzing and ways to reduce them.
Is the Robot Spying on me? A Study on Perceived Privacy in Telepresence Scenarios in a Care Setting with Mobile and Humanoid Robots
Authors: Nieto Agraz Celia , Hinrichs Pascal , Eichelberg Marco , Hein Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe number of robots that are in use worldwide is increasing, and they are starting to be used in new areas, where a use of robotics was impossible in the past, such as nursing care. This brings about new challenges that need to be addressed, one of them is the challenge of privacy preservation. Privacy in robotics is still a very new field that has not been studied deeply yet, even though some studies show that it is a crucial factor. In this article, we investigate how users feel about their privacy when interacting in a telepresence scenario with three different technical means: a laptop computer with a built-in camera, the mobile robot Temi and the humanoid robot Ameca. Behaviors from human interaction were implemented for the humanoid robot, which are not aimed directly at deactivating the sensors, but symbolize this deactivation. We conducted a user study with 21 participants. We did not find out any statistical significant difference between the elements, which shows that the robotic solutions are also popular and people feel comfortable around them. In addition, we also found out that the best way for a humanoid robot to indicate privacy to the participants is to perform actions where it closes the eyes and gives a sense of deactivation. Lastly, the results show that even though the acceptance of a humanoid robot is quite good, further work is needed to increase the control feeling in order to increase the trust of the user over it.
Comparative Analysis of Hybrid and Active Cooling Systems for Concentrated Photovoltaic Panels Using a 1-D Mathematical Model: A Distinctive Perspective
Authors: Şimşek Engin , Ökten Korhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An essential factor influencing photovoltaic (PV) panel performance is its operating temperature. Various active and passive cooling methods have been explored in the literature to mitigate the effects of high operating temperatures; however, recent research has shown a growing interest in hybrid cooling systems that combine both active and passive approaches. In this context, phase change material (PCM) serves as a passive cooling method, while fluid is employed as an active cooling medium. This study introduces a channel into the PV panel base through which fluid flows. Additionally, a PCM layer is placed at the bottom of the water channel to reduce the average temperature of the fluid, thus extracting more heat compared to direct contact with the PV panel. The proposed model is compared with traditional water-cooled PV panels using a parametric approach, with varying parameters including concentration ratio, environmental temperature, wind speed, mass flow rate of water in the channel, and inlet temperature. The study findings reveal that the proposed model leads to an increase in electricity production within the range of 1.4–7 kW, an improvement in PV efficiency between 1.6 and 3.8%.
Measuring income polarization using Bonferroni and De Vergottini inequality indices: evidences from European countries
Authors: Ciommi Mariateresa , Gigliarano Chiara , Chelli Francesco Maria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to measure to which extent income distribution is polarized across European countries by means of polarization measures based on the Bonferroni and De Vergottini indices of inequality. Different from traditional measures of polarization, the indices proposed in this paper are sensitive to progressive transfers, attaching more importance to some part of the income distribution. These indices enriches the analysis and contribute to disentangle the different faces of income polarization. In the empirical application we compare European countries over the period 2010–2019 using EU-SILC data. Results reveal significant changes in polarization over the last decades for most countries.
Neighborhood Diversity Is Good for Your Health: An Example of Racial/Ethnic Integration and Preterm Birth in Texas
Authors: Vohra-Gupta Shetal , Wood Bethany M. , Kim Yeonwoo , La Frinere-Sandoval Quynh Nhu , Widen Elizabeth M. , Cubbin Catherine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRacial concentration of neighborhoods is often associated with the risk of preterm birth (PTB) for women. This study examined differences between racially diverse and racially concentrated neighborhoods when examining preterm birth. Individual-level data were obtained from Texas natality files for 2009–2011, and neighborhood-level (i.e., census tract) data were obtained from the decennial census in 2010 and the American Community Survey 2005–2009. We used multilevel modeling to assess the association between neighborhood racial diversity and odds of PTB, after controlling for individual characteristics, neighborhood poverty, and population density. We found that neighborhood racial diversity and concentration matter for PTB. Results suggest that systemic racism is still key to understanding PTB. Furthermore, findings support policies that prevent displacement from gentrification of diverse neighborhoods and promote equal access to health-related resources for women in predominantly Black, Hispanic, and/or immigrant neighborhoods.
Applications of spiking neural P systems in cybersecurity
Authors: Pleṣa Mihail-Iulian , Gheorghe Marian , Ipate Florentin , Zhang Gexiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpiking neural P systems are third-generation neural networks that are much more energy efficient than the current ones. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the possibility of using spiking neural P systems to solve cybersecurity-related problems. We proposed a new architecture called cyber spiking neural P systems (Cyber-SN P systems for short), which is designed especially for cybersecurity data and problems. We trained multiple Cyber-SN P systems to detect malware on the Android platform, phishing websites, and spam e-mails. We show through experiments that these networks can efficiently classify cybersecurity-related data with much fewer training epochs than perceptron-based artificial neural networks.
Selective Leaching and Separation of Uranium from Ochre-Umm Greifat, Red Sea Coast, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Manaa El-Sayed A. , Mahmoud Soliman Abu Elatta , Awny Elham 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Ochre-Umm Greifat area is one of the Red Sea areas with high concentrations of iron and zinc, which is formed from hydrothermal solutions as a result of the structural activity that occurred in the Red Sea Zone during the Pleistocene period. These deposits are also accompanied by deposits of low- to high uranium grade. In addition to Zn, Pb, and Cu anomalies, particularly in fault zones and their branches affecting the study area, although there are numerous zinc minerals in the Ocher-Greifat area, uranium minerals are scarce, with only one mineral, compreignacite, being recorded and the majority of the uranium being present as an adsorbed element on iron and/or clay stones. In addition, uranothorite is extremely rare and occurs as fine grains embedded in rocks. A technological sample was taken from an iron-rich clay area in a fault zone and was found to assay 700-ppm uranium. The leachability of uranium from the used sample was investigated using an alkaline solution based on the chemical and mineralogical composition of the used sample. The selected ore is treated with Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in the presence of H2O2 as oxidant. Many digestion factors are studied and optimized. Under the optimum leaching conditions, the uranium dissolution efficiency is around 84%. For the uranium separation, the pH of the leach liquor is adjusted at 10, then subjected to a solvent extraction step using 4% Aliquat®336/kerosene in the presence of isodecanol as third-phase prevention. The loaded organic solvent was then treated with NaOH/H2O2 solution as a stripping solution. Finally, the resultant solution is subjected to a precipitation step using ammonia solution.