bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contentious Politics and Museums as Contact Zones
Authors: Message Kylie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSocial movement theory has, in recent years, been criticized for its inability to develop theoretical frameworks and forms of analysis relevant to activists and the causes they represent. In contrast, the same period has seen an escalation of claims made about the instrumentality of museums to source communities and stakeholder groups as well as governments. Ideas of shared authority, empowerment through recognition, community collaboration, and political agency have transformed the field of museum studies. In this chapter, I draw on theorizing from the field of museum studies and on several case studies that explore the relationship between collective action and the Smithsonian Institution to highlight and address the lacunae evident in social movement theory, and propose analytical alternatives. In so doing, I revisit Clifford's argument that museums can function as contact zones.
The Displaced Local: Multiple Agency in the Building of Museums’ Ethnographic Collections
Authors: Morphy Howard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNational museums have always been both global and local, collecting widely and holding locally. Ethnographic collections provide a prime example, bringing together in a single institution collections representing different cultures from around the world. The recent globalization of museum discourse and practice has resulted in an inversion of this situation. Indigenous communities, the local cultures of original production, are regaining a degree of agency over the collections of their material culture that have been distributed globally. This has often been framed as a countermovement to the colonial processes that were entangled in the building of the collections. Such a perspective, however, can mask the agency and motivations of the builders of collections in the past and fail to recognize the transformational role that museums have played in ideational change. The chapter will focus on the motivations of Yolngu, Aboriginal Australians from northern Australia, in collaborating with researchers and others in building collections since the late 1920s. This perspective from active engagement in the present provides a very different light on the past from that which subordinates the development of collections to the enterprise of a “colonial science.”
The World as Collected; or, Museum Collections as Situated Materialities
Authors: Svanberg Fredrik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe chapter develops a view of museum collections as “situated materialities,” that is, assemblages that are situated geographically, culturally, and by way of established systems of information and handling practices, or set up to speak in certain ways. Objects that enter collections lose their previous identity and are positioned to speak as examples of particular perspectives, through specific techniques that transform and objectify the collected object. However, collected objects keep their own agency at the same time, especially in the long term when old collection and information practices change and come to differ from current museum ideas and policies. There is, thus, a complex interplay and division of agency between people, such as curators and keepers, and collected objects in museums. The chapter aims to describe this interplay, suggesting that collections are not just managed by, but also manage, their collectors, and to set forth ways of resituating old collection systems.
Museum Encounters and Narrative Engagements
Authors: Schorch Philipp 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter engages with examples from the museum visitor studies literature that epitomize “the turn to understanding” by investigating the meaning‐making processes of museum visitors through an analytical focus on encounters and engagements. The concept of narrative is introduced as a human meaning‐making tool through which museum encounters can be understoodasinterpretive engagements. Drawing on a long‐term study of global visitors to the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa), which followed a narrative‐hermeneutic approach to meaning in both theoretical and methodological terms, the chapter offers empirical insights into the multiple layers of interpretive engagements and revealshowvisitors narrate their biographies into the museum experience, and the museum experience into their biographies. Both sides, then, become entangled through narrative engagements across cultural differences and thus make sense only in their dialectic relation throughout the museum experience's gestalt. The chapter concludes by pointing to the limitations of a narrative‐hermeneutic approach and how these might be overcome.
Theorizing Museum and Heritage Visiting
Authors: Smith Laurajane 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter examines the performative and embodied nature of the museum visit and, in doing so, mounts a challenge to the dominance of the idea that the museum visit is, or should be, about learning. Rather, the argument advanced is that visitors use museums in a wide range of ways and that the learning paradigm restricts the ability of researchers and museum professionals to recognize this diversity. Understanding the visit as an embodied performance reveals the means by which visitors emotionally engage with museum exhibitions and thus identifies the ways in which visitors undertake their own “heritage‐making” and the production and reinforcement of their own meanings and cultural and political values. Interviews with visitors to museums and other sites of heritage in England, Australia, and the United States are used to illustrate and support the argument.
The Museum in Hiding: Framing Conflict
Authors: Barikin Amelia , Green Charles 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTaking the work of Lyndell Brown and Charles Green as a case study, and specifically their commissioned work for the Australian War Memorial in 2007, this chapter locates and accounts for the artists’ critical engagement with museological tropes of preservation, taxonomy, memorialization, and archival display. For over two decades, Brown and Green's paintings, installations, and photographs have been carefully interrupting and diverting flows between events, images, memories, and histories. Their works ask how the past figures in the present, and how it might be accessed and remembered. They are about the realization and reconstitution of events. As such, they constitute a deeply political project, and one with direct relevance to museum theory.The chapter consists of two sections in dialogue with each other. The first section, by Lyndell Brown and Charles Green, is written from the artists’ first‐hand point of view. It addresses their experience of participating in the Australian War Artist scheme, and situates their works in relation to ideas of the “memory effect” and the “museum in hiding.” The second section, by Amelia Barikin, contextualizes this material by focusing on how contemporary artists working within museums have interrogated and theorized museum practices. Both sections engage with a recent art historical understanding that visual history – a history based on the particularity and contingency of images rather than stories – has altered the shape of narrative in contemporary communication networks (including those of museums). In exploiting this shift, Brown and Green's works forge an interzone in which the form of the atlas emerges as a catalyst for the production and consumption of situated visual knowledge. The term “atlas” implies a system of classifications within which the knowledge contained in an archive is presented. An atlas is both an album and an instructional aid. In layering these ideas onto the form of the museum, this chapter begins to theorize museum practice from the inside out – by positioning works of art as potential models for, rather than symptoms of, museological governance and display.
Below‐Replacement Fertility
Authors: Philip Morgan S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

When a human population has underlying birth rates too low to sustain its current population size, it has
below‐replacement fertility
. If mortality rates are low, then replacement‐level fertility is slightly above two births per woman. Currently, over 50% of the global population lives in a country with below‐replacement fertility; below‐replacement fertility is especially widespread in developed countries and is emerging in many developing ones. But there is substantial variation in degree—some countries having very low fertility (below 1.5 births) and other countries (such as the United States) have levels at or near the replacement level. Because the level of fertility intended (or desired) approximates two births per woman in most countries, explanations for fertility levels below replacement levels focus on why people fail to have the number of children they intend. An important factor is fertility timing. Postponement of fertility to older ages reduces birth rates in current periods (lowering period fertility rates), but it also exposes persons to events and experiences that may lead them to forego childbearing or additional births. Below‐replacement fertility produces important macro‐level effects (e.g., a population with older persons and a declining population size). Average fertility below two births also impacts families and individuals' life courses and activities.
Business Anthropology
Authors: Moeran Brian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis essay outlines the overall scope and location of business anthropology within the overall field of the discipline. It outlines its foundations as an applied form of anthropology in early developments in the United States (in particular, in Western Electric's Hawthorne Project and the Human Relations School at Harvard University), as well as in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, before turning to five areas of research and practice: academic ethnographies of business practices, regional studies, case studies developed by practitioners, theoretical applications, and methods. The essay then asks what a future program for business anthropology might look like and suggests four areas for theoretical development against a background of education, engagement, and comparative work. These are an examination of structures of power in, between, and dependent on business organizations of all kinds; cross‐cultural comparison of work cultures; attention to the materials, technologies, and goods with which business people engage and which afford their organizational forms; and explicit attention to cutting‐edge fieldwork methods.
Lead exposure in US worksites: A literature review and development of an occupational lead exposure database from the published literature
Authors: Koh Dong‐Hee , Locke Sarah J. , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Purdue Mark P. , Friesen Melissa C. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundRetrospective exposure assessment of occupational lead exposure in population‐based studies requires historical exposure information from many occupations and industries.MethodsWe reviewed published US exposure monitoring studies to identify lead measurement data. We developed an occupational lead exposure database from the 175 identified papers containing 1,111 sets of lead concentration summary statistics (21% area air, 47% personal air, 32% blood). We also extracted ancillary exposure‐related information, including job, industry, task/location, year collected, sampling strategy, control measures in place, and sampling and analytical methods.ResultsThe measurements were published between 1940 and 2010 and represented 27 2‐digit standardized industry classification codes. The majority of the measurements were related to lead‐based paint work, joining or cutting metal using heat, primary and secondary metal manufacturing, and lead acid battery manufacturing.ConclusionsThis database can be used in future statistical analyses to characterize differences in lead exposure across time, jobs, and industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:605–616, 2015. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Quantitative Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies from Thick Bed, Horizontal Plate and Intermediate Models Under Complex Physical‐Geological Environments in Archaeological Prospection
Authors: Eppelbaum Lev V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMagnetic prospecting is one of the most widely used methods for archaeological prospection in the world. Noise both of natural [main factors are inclined magnetization, complex geological (archaeological) structure of investigated sites, and uneven terrain relief] and artificial origin (different iron‐containing targets, electric power lines, etc.) strongly obscure interpretation of observed magnetic anomalies. For quantitative analysis of magnetic anomalies produced by archaeological targets under aforementioned conditions a non‐conventional interpreting system has been developed. Methodology of magnetic anomalies interpretation from models of thin bed and horizontal circular cylinder (sphere) in conditions of oblique magnetization, rugged relief and unknown level of the total magnetic field by the use of improved versions of characteristic point and tangents has been earlier suggested. However, many archaeological targets have geometrical form of thick bed, thin horizontal plate and intermediate between these two models. In this paper methodology of magnetic anomalies produced by thick bed models in complex environments is explicitly described. It is shown that quantitative analysis of magnetic anomalies due to intermediate (between the thick bed and thin horizontal plate) targets could be successfully carried out by the use of methodology developed for the thick bed model. In the case of thin horizontal plate with a large horizontal extent, the two measured anomalies may be interpreted as anomalies from thin beds. The interpretation methodology was successfully tested both on typical models and on real archaeological targets with some success. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Geophysical Tool for the Conservation of a Decorated Cave – a Case Study for the Lascaux Cave
Authors: Xu Shan , Sirieix Colette , Ferrier Catherine , Lacanette‐Puyo Delphine , Riss Joelle , Malaurent Philippe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Lascaux Cave, located in the south‐eastern part of the department of the Dordogne (24, France), is considered to be one of the most important prehistoric caves in the world. The scope of this study is the protection and conservation of the Lascaux paintings from a hydrogeological and climatic environmental standpoint. Geophysical methods enable us to monitor the environment of the decorated cave in a non‐invasive way. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) using a pole–dipole array, together with analysis of the local effective rainfall (groundwater recharge) and the flow in the cave, helps us to identify an area where upstream underground water is probably stored e.g. a recharge zone. There is a relationship between resistivity change in this zone and the underground flow measured in the cave, but with a time lag. Thus systematic electrical surveys following rainy periods could be used to predict the beginning of the underground flow and in so doing provide valuable advice for the preservation of the Lascaux Cave. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Electrospinning of CeO2/Bi2WO6 Heterostructured Nanofibers with Excellent Visible‐light‐driven Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Lu Qifang , Wei Mingzhi , Wang Cuiqing , Liu Suwen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) CeO2/Bi2WO6 heterostructured nanofibers with a diameter of about 300 nm were successfully synthesized by using a straightforward strategy combining an electrospinning technique with a sintering process. The acquired products were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric (TG‐DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The obtained CeO2/Bi2WO6 heterostructured nanofibers exhibited an excellent photocatalytic property for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye driven by visible light due to the promoted separation of photoelectrons and holes and the large contact area between the photocatalyst and organic pollutant.
Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Deterministic Control for Flexible Hypersonic Vehicles in the Presence of Input Constraint
Authors: Tian Bailing , Fan Wenru , Su Rui , Zong Qun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA nonlinear deterministic robust control scheme is developed for a flexible hypersonic vehicle with input saturation. Firstly, the model analysis is conducted for the hypersonic vehicle model via the input‐output linearized technique. Secondly, the sliding mode manifold is designed based on homogeneity theory. Then an adaptive high order sliding mode control scheme is proposed to achieve tracking for the step change in altitude and velocity for hypersonic vehicles where the uncertainty boundary is unknown. Furthermore, the control input constraint is investigated and another new adaptive law is proposed to estimate the uncertainties and to guarantee the stability of the system with input saturation. Finally, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fluorophores, environments, and quantification techniques in the analysis of transmembrane helix interaction using FRET
Authors: Khadria Ambalika S. , Senes Alessandro 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been widely used as a spectroscopic tool in vitro to study the interactions between transmembrane (TM) helices in detergent and lipid environments. This technique has been instrumental to many studies that have greatly contributed to quantitative understanding of the physical principles that govern helix–helix interactions in the membrane. These studies have also improved our understanding of the biological role of oligomerization in membrane proteins. In this review, we focus on the combinations of fluorophores used, the membrane mimetic environments, and measurement techniques that have been applied to study model systems as well as biological oligomeric complexes in vitro. We highlight the different formalisms used to calculate FRET efficiency and the challenges associated with accurate quantification. The goal is to provide the reader with a comparative summary of the relevant literature for planning and designing FRET experiments aimed at measuring TM helix–helix associations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 247–264, 2015.
Oncocin Onc72 is efficacious against antibiotic‐susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816 in a murine thigh infection model
Authors: Knappe Daniel , Adermann Knut , Hoffmann Ralf 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTOncocins and apidaecins are short proline‐rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) representing novel antibiotic drug lead compounds that kill bacteria after internalization and inhibition of intracellular targets (e.g. 70S ribosome and DnaK). Oncocin Onc72 is highly active against Gram‐negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo protecting mice in systemic infection models with Escherichia coli and KPC‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here we studied its efficacy in a murine thigh infection model using meropenem as antibiotic comparator that had a 44‐fold higher molar in vitro activity than Onc72. Male CD1 mice were rendered neutropenic using cyclophosphamide for four days before intramuscular infection with K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816. After 75 min oncocin Onc72 or the antibiotic comparator meropenem were administered subcutaneously with 100 mg (43 µmol) and 25 mg (65 µmol) per kg of body weight, respectively, six times every 75 min. Onc72 and meropenem administered subcutaneously reduced the thigh tissue burden of K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 in neutropenic mice significantly by 4.14 and 4.65 a log10 cfu/g, respectively. The bacterial counts were ∼0.5 and ∼1 log10 below the pre‐treatment burden, respectively, indicating bactericidal effects for both compounds. Thus, Onc72 was as efficacious as meropenem in vivo despite its much lower in vitro activity determined according to CLSI standard antimicrobial activity tests. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104:707–711, 2015.
Effect of helix length on the stability of the lac repressor antiparallel coiled coil
Authors: Little Wheaton , Robblee James P. , Dahlberg Caroline L. , Kokona Bashkim , Fairman Robert 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe helix length dependence of the stability of antiparallel four‐chain coiled coils is investigated using eight synthetic peptides (Lac21–Lac28) whose sequences are derived from the tetramerization domain of the Lac repressor protein. Previous studies using analytical ultracentrifugation sedimentation equilibrium experiments to characterize Lac21 and Lac28 justifies the use of a two state model to describe the unfolding behavior of these two peptides. Using circular dichroism spectropolarimetry as a measure of tetramer assembly, both chemical and thermal denaturation experiments were carried out to determine thermodynamic parameters. We found that the hydrophobic core residues provide the greatest impact on stability and, as a consequence, must reorganize the register of the antiparallel helices to accommodate the burial of the nonpolar amino acids. Addition of noncore residues appears to have only a minor effect on stability, and in some cases, show a slight destabilization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 395–404, 2015.
A modified culture strategy of human keratinocytes to shorten the primary culture time
Authors: Shi Le , Lei Zhan Jun , Zhao Cong Ying , Lv Xiao Xing , Jiang Li , Li Jing , Li Xue Yong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractShortening time from biopsy to graft preparation is crucial for the coverage of extensive burn wound in major burn patients. This study was aimed to shorten the culture time of keratinocytes by means of one modified cell culture method. Three factors (temperature of dispase, area of skin, and age of patient) that might have impacts on cell behavior were evaluated. The results showed that cells isolated with dispase at 37°C exhibited an improved cell activity than being isolated at 4°C. The time that cells reached subconfluence with various skin areas was in order of 3 cm2 < 2 cm2 < 1 cm2 (120.07 ± 5.03 h, 141.33 ± 4.16 h, and 193.33 ± 6.11 h, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the young and middle‐aged groups, proliferation of keratinocytes isolated from children skin tissue was better. These results indicated that 3 cm2 skin biopsy from a young patient, isolated with dispase at 37°C, was a promising strategy to shorten the cultivation of keratinocytes.
Necrobiosis lipoidica associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and positive detection of ANA and ASMA autoantibodies
Authors: Borgia Francesco , Russo Giuseppina T. , Villari Provvidenza , Guarneri Fabrizio , Cucinotta Domenico , Cannavò Serafinella P. 
Published: May 2015

Key Clinical MessageNecrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare idiopathic cutaneous condition exceptionally associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. We describe the first case of NL, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and positive detection of autoantibodies. Appropriate screening for NL in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis may clarify its real incidence and the existence of a common pathogenetic pathway.