bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressão em Idosos de uma Comunidade assistida pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família em Passo Fundo, RS
Authors: Borges Daniela Teixeira , Dalmolin Bernadete Maria 
Published: December 2012

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de depressão em idosos atendidos pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e os fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 151 idosos residentes em área adscrita à ESF de Passo Fundo/RS. Coletaram-se os dados utilizando questionário estruturado e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica GDS–15. Resultados: 33,1% são do sexo masculino, com faixa etária predominante entre 60-69 anos (50,3%), escolaridade média de 4,14 anos de estudo (DP: 2,63), 8,2% são analfabetos ou semianalfabetos, 21,9% declararam algum episódio depressivo e 2,6% outra doença psiquiátrica. Houve associação entre depressão e percepção de saúde, perda familiar, asma, ocorrência de fratura, insuficiência cardíaca e artrite (p < 0,01). Conclusões: os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de depressão em idosos na ESF estudada foi de 21,2%, desses, 17,9% com diagnóstico de depressão leve a moderada e 3,3% com depressão severa, necessitando de intervenções multidisciplinares e integrais visando reduzir os fatores associados e qualificar a vida dessas pessoas.
O trabalho em equipe desenvolvido pelo cirurgião-dentista na Estratégia Saúde da Família: expectativas, desafios e precariedades
Authors: Costa Rossana Mota , Junior Antonio Medeiros , Costa Íris do Céu do Céu Clara , Pinheiro Isauremi Vieira de Assunção 
Published: December 2012

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a integração do cirurgião-dentista (CD) com os demais profissionais pertencentes à Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), bem como identificar o seu processo de trabalho dentro dessa equipe. O estudo desenvolveu-se no município de Parnamirim-RN, e dele participaram todos os CDs que atuam na ESF do município, num total de 30 profissionais. O Instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um questionário semiestruturado e a variável dependente foi o trabalho em equipe. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva (distribuições absolutas e percentuais). Observou-se que os CDs não participam de forma integrada na equipe. A articulação das ações entre os membros da equipe não acontece de forma habitual e sistemática, como parte integrante de seu processo de trabalho (56,7%). Os profissionais de maneira geral mostraram-se insatisfeitos no desempenho de suas funções (63,3%). Sugere-se uma reflexão no tocante ao desenvolvimento do processo de trabalho em equipe com a participação efetiva do CD.
Intervenções para tratamento da obesidade: revisão sistemática
Authors: Nissen Leonardo Paese , Vieira Lucas Henrique , Bozza Laís Fernanda , Veiga Liana Tozetto da , Biscaia Brunno Fernando Lascosk , Pereira João Henrique , Picolo Furlan Luiz Henrique 
Published: December 2012

Objetivo: fazer uma revisão sistemática para avaliar a efetividade e segurança dos métodos para redução de peso, sendo eles: cirúrgico, farmacológico e mudanças do estilo de vida (MEV), que incluem exercícios físicos e dietas. Os resultados clínicos de interesse foram a perda de peso e sua manutenção pelo prazo mínimo de 1 ano. Método: foi feita uma busca de artigos nas bases de dados PUBMED, Scielo e Biblioteca do Cochrane, com as palavras-chave weight loss maintenance e obesity treatment. A busca incluiu artigos em português, inglês e espanhol publicados até outubro de 2011. Foram incluídos revisões sistemáticas, metanálises e ensaios clínicos randomizados que tivessem um período de seguimento maior ou igual a um ano. Os estudos deveriam ter como participantes: adultos obesos (maior que 18 anos e com índice de massa corpórea – IMC maior que 30) e que comparassem intervenções distintas para o tratamento da obesidade. Resultados: foram selecionados 5 artigos que contemplaram os critérios de inclusão, sendo que cada um desses estudaram isoladamente, comparados com MEV, a eficácia do Orlistat, Sibutramina, Pramlintide e gastroplastia. A gastroplastia teve um resultado significativo (p < 0,05) para evitar o total reganho de peso. O Orlistat produziu uma perda de peso significativa durante o primeiro ano de tratamento e o ganho de peso foi diminuído com seu uso no segundo ano de tratamento (p < 0,001). A Sibutramina se mostrou eficaz na manutenção do peso após um período de perda com dieta de grande restrição calórica. O Pramlintide mostrou efetividade na perda de peso e redução da circunferência abdominal. Conclusões: As intervenções farmacológicas e cirúrgicas se mostraram mais efetivas quando comparadas à MEV em relação à perda de peso e a sua manutenção a longo prazo, porém é necessária a realização de mais estudos que analisem a comparação entre as diferentes intervenções disponíveis para o tratamento da obesidade.
Bienvenue à « Homerica »
Authors: Gagnon Frédérick , Dufort Julie 
Published: December 2012

Cet article démontre que quatre dessins animés satiriques américains,The Simpsons, South Park, American Dad !etFamily Guy, sont plus que de simples objets de divertissement et contiennent des discours éminemment politiques sur l’immigration non documentée et la construction d’un mur à la frontière des États-Unis et du Mexique. Nous inspirant d’une catégorisation des courants de pensée sur les politiques d’immigration développée par Daniel Tichenor, nous procédons à l’analyse qualitative de contenu et de discours d’un corpus d’épisodes des dessins animés étudiés pour illustrer comment ils offrent un espace discursif aux principaux courants de pensée sur les enjeux susmentionnés. Nous démontrons aussi queThe Simpsons,American Dad !etFamily Guycontiennent un discours satirique dirigé contre les positions conservatrices et qui valorise les positions progressistes sur ces mêmes enjeux, mais queSouth Parkn’inclut pas un biais aussi évident pour l’un ou l’autre des courants de pensée sur l’immigration et la construction du mur américano-mexicain.
La crise du néolibéralisme : quelle formation sociale après la crise ?
Authors: Hayes Matthew 
Published: December 2012

Avec la montée des dettes publiques, il est devenu évident que la présente crise économique peut être mieux comprise comme étant une crise sociale qui s’exprime par le biais du système financier. L’article présente des statistiques sur la distribution du revenu au Canada, aux États-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne afin de démontrer la transformation inégalitaire des relations de classes sociales due en grande partie à la surproduction et à l’excès de capacité productive du système capitaliste actuel. Le consensus politique face à la crise économique prolongera la tendance vers des relations sociales plus inégalitaires, marquant une donne inconnue depuis les années 1940 dans les pays développés du Nord Global. L’article trace trois directions possibles pour le futur développement de cette tendance dans la plupart des pays du Nord : 1) la tendance est exacerbée, puis on voit l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques politiques visant à gérer les effets d’une société plus inégalitaire ; 2) la tendance est contrée par le renouvellement des mouvements sociaux pour une distribution plus équitable de la survaleur sociale ; ou 3) la tendance débloque sur un nouveau compromis entre classes sociales comme celui des années 1940, solution qui se heurte à d’importantes contradictions conjoncturelles.
Les politiques d’accès à la propriété résidentielle ont-elles contribué à la crise du crédit aux États-Unis1 ?
Authors: Fortin Mario 
Published: December 2012

Ce texte propose une recension critique des événements qui ont déclenché la crise financière de 2007-2008 afin d’évaluer le rôle des politiques d’accès à la propriété du gouvernement américain. En 1994, le président américain annonçait la dont le but était d’élever le taux de propriétaires occupants au pays, particulièrement celui des défavorisés, et confiait au U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Developmen le soin de développer, en partenariat avec l’industrie financière et tout ce qui gravite autour du milieu immobilier, des produits hypothécaires levant les obstacles à l’octroi de financement hypothécaire aux défavorisés. Parallèlement, le fut modifié de manière telle que les banques furent forcées de démontrer qu’elles avaient fait preuve de créativité pour augmenter le financement en milieu défavorisé. En outre, les Fannie Mae et Freddie Mac, qui achètent la moitié des hypothèques américaines avec une garantie gouvernementale implicite, ont été obligées d’octroyer des proportions minimales de financement aux défavorisés. Pour satisfaire ces exigences, on assista à une baisse généralisée des critères d’obtention du crédit.
Avec la politique d’argent facile de la Banque de réserve fédérale qui s’est accentuée à partir de 2003, des problèmes d’agence importants sur le réseau bancaire parallèle où ces prêts à risque étaient distribués sont apparus. Les intérêts des courtiers en hypothèques qui négociaient les prêts, des prêteurs hypothécaires spécialisés qui les autorisaient, des grandes banques d’investissement qui les titrisaient et des agences de notation qui en évaluaient le risque ont convergé vers une prise de risque excessive. Cependant, ce texte soutient que sans les exigences imposées par le gouvernement américain, la qualité du crédit n’aurait sans doute pas été détériorée à ce point et la crise n’aurait pas atteint l’ampleur qu’elle a connue.
Nucleic Acid Structure Characterization by Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering (SAXS)
Authors: Burke Jordan E. , Butcher Samuel E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSmall angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful method for investigating macromolecular structure in solution. SAXS data provide information about the size and shape of a molecule with a resolution of ∼2 to 3 nm. SAXS is particularly useful for the investigation of nucleic acids, which scatter X‐rays strongly due to the electron‐rich phosphate backbone. Therefore, SAXS has become an increasingly popular method for modeling nucleic acid structures, an endeavor made tractable by the highly regular helical nature of nucleic acid secondary structures. Recently, SAXS was used in combination with NMR to filter and refine all‐atom models of a U2/U6 small nuclear RNA complex. In this unit, general protocols for sample preparation, data acquisition, and data analysis and processing are given. Additionally, examples of correctly and incorrectly processed SAXS data and expected results are przovided. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 51:7.18.1‐7.18.18. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Byonic: Advanced Peptide and Protein Identification Software
Authors: Bern Marshall , Kil Yong J. , Becker Christopher 
Published: December 2012

AbstractByonic is the name of a software package for peptide and protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry. This software, which has only recently become commercially available, facilitates a much wider range of search possibilities than previous search software such as SEQUEST and Mascot. Byonic allows the user to define an essentially unlimited number of variable modification types. Byonic also allows the user to set a separate limit on the number of occurrences of each modification type, so that a search may consider only one or two chance modifications such as oxidations and deamidations per peptide, yet allow three or four biological modifications such as phosphorylations, which tend to cluster together. Hence, Byonic can search for tens or even hundreds of modification types simultaneously without a prohibitively large combinatorial explosion. Byonic's Wildcard Search allows the user to search for unanticipated or even unknown modifications alongside known modifications. Finally, Byonic's Glycopeptide Search allows the user to identify glycopeptides without prior knowledge of glycan masses or glycosylation sites. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 40:13.20.1‐13.20.14. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Models and Analysis of Atherosclerosis, Restenosis, and Aneurysm Formation in the Mouse
Authors: de Waard Vivian , Gijbels Marion J.J. , Lutgens Esther , de Winther Menno P.J. , de Vries Carlie J.M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAtherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory condition of the vessel wall and involves a high chronic concentration of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in blood. In humans, restenosis develops after intravascular interventions such as angioplasty and stent placement to treat atherosclerosis, and this process is characterized by excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation that re‐occludes the vessel lumen. Aortic aneurysm formation is caused by severe degradation and thus dilatation of the vessel wall, in part due to atherosclerosis. Each of these vascular pathologies has its specific characteristics at onset and during development of the disease, and to study the involvement of specific genes in detail, various (transgenic) mice have been generated. Here, we aim to provide detailed insight in considerations to choose and set up the appropriate mouse model for specific vascular research questions. Additionally, we provide technical details to execute experiments with these animal models. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:317‐345 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction to Biophotonics
Authors: Jürgens Marion , Mayerhöfer Thomas , Popp Jürgen , Lee Gabriela , Matthews Dennis L. , Wilson Brian C. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Definition of and General Introduction to Biophotonics

Definition

Visions Connected with Biophotonics Research

Why Photons?

Fields of Application and Technology

Societal Relevance of Biophotonics

Fighting Prevalent and Severe Diseases

Unmet Medical Needs in
T
hird
W
orld Countries

Economic Impact of Biophotonics

Worldwide Research Activities in Biophotonics

Biophotonics – a Cross‐Disciplinary Science

Scientific Landscape

International Conferences

Scientific and Trade Journals

Networks and Funding Programs

Current Research Trends and Future Goals

Photonic Methods for Biomedical Research

Photonic Methods for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics

Photonic Methods for Clinical Imaging

Photonic Methods for Therapeutic Applications

Photonics in Pharmaceutics, Bioanalysis, and Environmental Research

The
B
iophotonics4
L
ife
W
orldwide
C
onsortium

Mission and Purpose of the
B
iophotonics4
L
ife
W
orldwide
C
onsortium

History and Organization of the
C
onsortium

Node Leaders for the
C
onsortium

Current Activities of the
BP
4
L
ife
C
onsortium

Medical
F
ellows

Anticipated Role of Industry

Potential Future Activities of the
C
onsortium
Light–Matter Interaction
Authors: Schmitt Michael , Mayerhöfer Thomas , Popp Jürgen , Kleppe Ingo , Weisshart Klaus 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Electrical Properties of Matter

Polar Molecules

Induced Dipole moments by External Electrical Fields

Classical Dispersion Theory

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

Absorption of Light

Reflection and Transmission

Diffuse Reflection

Layered Media

Anisotropic Media

Inhomogeneous Media

Nonlinear Optics

Nonlinear Polarization

Processes

Processes

Optical
K
err Effect

Two‐Photon Absorption

Other

Processes

Lasers

Mode Locking

Infrared Spectroscopy

UV
–
V
is Spectroscopy

Electronic Selection Rules

Polarimetry, Optical Rotatory Dispersion, Circular Dichroism

Polarimetry

Optical Rotatory Dispersion (
ORD
)

Circular Dichroism (
CD
)

Fluorescence

The Fate of Electronically Excited States

Basic Concepts of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Nonradiative Energy Transfer

F
örster Resonance Energy Transfer (
FRET
)

Photobleaching

Multi‐Photon Excited Fluorescence

Fluorescence Nanoscopy

Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (
STED
)

Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (
PALM
) and Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (
STORM
)

Elastic Light Scattering

Inelastic Light Scattering (
R
aman Scattering)

Theoretical Description of Inelastic Light Scattering

Resonance
R
aman Scattering (
RRS
)

Surface‐enhanced
R
aman Spectroscopy (
SERS
)

Hyper‐
R
aman Effect

Coherent
R
aman Spectroscopy

Coherent Anti‐
S
tokes
R
aman Spectroscopy (
CARS
)

Stimulated
S
tokes‐ and Anti‐
S
tokes
R
aman Scattering

Fluorescence Labeling Strategies for Proteins

Introduction

General Labeling Strategies for Organelles and Biomacromolecules

Protein Labeling Strategies

Direct Labeling Strategies for Fixed Cells and Solution

Indirect Labeling Strategies for Fixed Cells and Solution

Direct Labeling Strategies for
In Vivo
Studies with Autofluorescent Proteins

Indirect Labeling Strategies for
In Vivo
Studies Using Self‐Labeling Protein Tags

Prospects

Acknowledgments
Optical Detectors
Authors: Riesenberg Rainer , Wuttig Andreas 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Devices for Light Detection

Sensitivity and Detectivity of Light Detectors

Responsivity

Noise, Sensitivity, and Detectivity

Light Detection Through Thermal Effects/Thermal Detectors

Light Detection Using the Photoelectric Effect

Phototube

Photomultiplier

Light Detection Using Internal Photoelectric Effects

Photoconductor

Photodiode

PIN
Photodiode

Pinned Photodiode

Avalanche Photodiode

Metal–Semiconductor–Metal (
MSM
) Photodetectors

Phototransistor

Remarks on the Sensitivity of Semiconducting Light Detectors With and Without Internal Gain Mechanisms

Noise of Semiconducting Photodetectors

Dark Current Noise

N
yquist–
J
ohnson Noise

Flicker Noise and 1/

f

Noise

Excess Noise

Read Noise

Image Detectors

Pixel‐Based Image Detectors

Pixel Number, Pixel Pitch and Nyquist Frequency

Pixel Geometry and Spatial Pixel Response

Image Acquisition Timing

Charge‐Coupled Devices (
CCDs
)

General Principle of
CCD
Operation

Full Well Capacity and Blooming

Charge Transfer and Electronic Shutter Capabilities

Charge Readout

Binning and Windowing

Charge‐Transfer Efficiency (
CTE
) and Buried Channel
CCD

Multi‐Pinned Phase (
MPP
)

Back Side Thinning and Back Illumination

Etaloning at Long Wavelengths and Deep Depletion
CCDs

Photodiode Arrays (
PDAs
), Active Pixel Sensors (
APSs
/
CMOS
), and
IR
Focal Plane Arrays (
FPAs
)

Plain Photodiode Arrays and Focal Plane Arrays

CMOS
Image Detectors/Active Pixel Sensors

Double Sampling and Correlated Double Sampling (
CDS
) in
APS
Imagers

Exposure Integration Schemes

Electronic Shutter Modes

Back‐Side Thinning of
CMOS
Image Detectors
Microstructure Fibers in Biophotonics
Authors: Zheltikov Aleksei M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhen first proposed in the late 1920s, imaging with optical fibers was a beautiful concept sublimating the brilliance of creative minds that was too far ahead of its time. Now, after more than eight decades of groundbreaking achievements in optical science and breakthroughs in photonic technologies, advanced fiber‐optic components help to confront the most challenging problems in the life sciences, offering unique tools to look inside living cells and understand brain functions. Modern fiber instruments permit new approaches in DNA sequencing and genomics‐ and proteomics‐oriented sensing. This chapter presents a brief overview of recent developments and new techniques in biophotonics enabled by the new type of optical waveguides – microstructure fibers.
Identification and Characterization of Microorganisms by Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Stöckel Stephan , Walter Angela , Boßecker Anja , Meisel Susann , Ciobotaˇ Valerian , Schumacher Wilm , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopic methods such as infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy achieve a so‐called spectroscopic fingerprint by probing microorganisms. This spectral contribution is related to the total chemical components inside the cell. It is therefore possible to identify microorganisms by determining whether their spectroscopic fingerprint could have come from the same kind of bacteria whose fingerprint has already been measured and stored in a database. Since spectral databases are normally very large, sophisticated chemometric analyses are required for bacterial identification, hence a summary of commonly used chemometric methods for data preprocessing and evaluation is included in this chapter. Typical sample preparation techniques are also described before summarizing the application of vibrational spectroscopic methods in the fields of biofilm analysis, epidemiological studies, antibiotic effects on bacteria, and the detection of food‐borne pathogens.
Cell Sorting
Authors: Guck Jochen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The identification and sorting of cells of interest from a heterogeneous population are at the heart of cytological analysis. The standard approach is to flow cells in suspension through a detection system that analyzes some particular cell property and then to deflect the cells of interest into a collection reservoir. The identification of suspect cells is the necessary first step in the diagnosis of many pathologies and often sufficient so that all cells can be discarded after analysis. The aspect of cell sorting is especially interesting when suspect cells are then to be subjected to subsequent refined analysis techniques, which require high purity, or when cells are used for culture, for example, to serve the search for specific drugs. In both steps, identification and sorting, photonic techniques play an important part. Optical techniques used to identify and characterize cells are discussed elsewhere. This chapter focuses on enabling photonic techniques that can be used to sort cells.
Laser Microtomy
Authors: Lubatschowski Holger , Will Fabian , Przemeck Sabine , Richter Heiko 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Usually, sectioning of biological specimens is performed by mechanically operating microtomes. In order to process a tissue sample, a range of pretreatments such as fixation, dehydration, and embedding in resin or paraffin, or freezing are needed. These treatments can cause alterations inside the biological material, which may lead to artifacts. A laser microtome is a new sectioning device, which cuts tissue or other material with the help of photons instead of steel blades. The method is contact free and enables tissue to be cut in its native state. Special preparation techniques are not required.
In VitroInstrumentation
Authors: Coda Sergio , Patalay Rakesh , Dunsby Christopher , French Paul M.W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionAutofluorescence of Biological TissueFluorescence ContrastSpectroscopic Techniques for Fluorescence Imaging and MetrologySpectral TechniquesFluorescence Lifetime TechniquesSingle‐Point Spectroscopic TechniquesFluorescence MicroscopyLaser Scanning Confocal/Multiphoton MicroscopyWide‐Field Fluorescence ImagingMultidimensional Fluorescence MicroscopyEx VivoTissue Spectroscopy and Imaging: Application to CancerOral CavityGastrointestinal TractBladderBreastBrainSkinConclusionAcknowledgments
Clinical and Technical Aspects of Photodynamic Therapy – Superficial and Interstitial Illumination in Skin and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Svanberg Katarina , Bendsoe Niels , Svanberg Sune , Andersson‐Engels Stefan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractClinical and technical aspects of photodynamic therapy are reviewed with emphasis on the treatment of skin tumors as examples of superficial lesions with perpendicular illumination and prostate cancer as an example of deeply embedded tumors requiring interstitial intervention. The field is surveyed with a special perspective based on studies for more than 20 years on the clinical and technical aspects of research pursued in an interdisciplinary setting at the Lund University Medical Laser Center. In particular, the interplay between optical diagnostics and dosimetry and the delivery of the therapeutic light dose is highlighted. Examples of fluorescence demarcation to guide the treatment inclusion zone in non‐melanoma skin malignancies are given. A multiple fiber interstitial and interactive procedure to deliver the required therapeutic light dose based on measured light fluence, sensitizer, and oxygen concentration levels in the tumor is presented. Application to the eradication of prostate cancer is illustrated.