bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain composition inHeliconiusbutterflies, post-eclosion growth and experience dependent neuropil plasticity
Authors: Montgomery Stephen H. , Merrill Richard M. , Ott Swidbert R. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBehavioral and sensory adaptations are often based in the differential expansion of brain components. These volumetric differences represent changes in investment, processing capacity and/or connectivity, and can be used to investigate functional and evolutionary relationships between different brain regions, and between brain composition and behavioral ecology. Here, we describe the brain composition of two species ofHeliconiusbutterflies, a long-standing study system for investigating ecological adaptation and speciation. We confirm a previous report of striking mushroom body expansion, and explore patterns of post-eclosion growth and experience-dependent plasticity in neural development. This analysis uncovers age-and experience-dependent post-emergence mushroom body growth comparable to that in foraging hymenoptera, but also identifies plasticity in several other neuropil. An interspecific analysis indicates thatHeliconiusdisplay remarkable levels of investment in mushroom bodies for a lepidopteran, and indeed rank highly compared to other insects. Our analyses lay the foundation for future comparative and experimental analyses that will establishHeliconiusas a useful case study in evolutionary neurobiology.
PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE Regulates Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by Phosphatidic Acid-Mediated Activation of CTP:PHOSPHOCHOLINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE Activity
Authors: Craddock Christian P. , Adams Nicolette , Bryant Fiona M. , Kurup Smita , Eastmond Peter J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRegulation of membrane lipid biosynthesis is critical for cell function. We previously reported that disruption of PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE1 (PAH1) and PAH2 stimulates net phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis and proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that this response is caused specifically by a reduction in the catalytic activity of the protein and positively correlates with an accumulation of its substrate, phosphatidic acid (PA). The accumulation of PC in pah1 pah2 is suppressed by disruption of CTP:PHOSPHOCHOLINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE1 (CCT1), which encodes a key enzyme in the nucleotide pathway for PC biosynthesis. The activity of recombinant CCT1 is stimulated by lipid vesicles containing PA. Truncation of CCT1, to remove the predicted C-terminal amphipathic lipid binding domain, produced a constitutively active enzyme. Overexpression of native CCT1 in Arabidopsis has no significant effect on PC biosynthesis or ER morphology, but overexpression of the truncated constitutively active version largely replicates the pah1 pah2 phenotype. Our data establish that membrane homeostasis is regulated by lipid composition in Arabidopsis and reveal a mechanism through which the abundance of PA, mediated by PAH activity, modulates CCT activity to govern PC content.
Law, sex and the city: regulating sexual entertainment venues in England and Wales
Authors: Hubbard Philip 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore how municipal law, in its various guises, serves to police the boundaries of acceptable sexual conduct by considering how Sexual Entertainment Venues (SEVs) in British cities are controlled through diverse techniques of licensing and planning control.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper describes the emergence of permissive new licensing controls that provide local authorities considerable control over SEVs. Licensing decisions, judicial review cases and planning inspectorate adjudications since the inception of the new powers are examined to explore the logic of judgements preventing SEVs operating in specific localities.

Findings
– Through analysis of case studies, it is shown that local authorities have almost total discretion to prevent SEVs operating in specific localities, particularly those undergoing, or anticipated to be undergoing, redevelopment and regeneration.

Originality/value
– This paper offers unique insights on the “scope” of municipal law by highlighting how land uses associated with “sexual minority” interests are regulated in the interests of urban regeneration, redevelopment and restructuring.
Sevalamer Hydrochloride, Sevelamer Carbonate and Lanthanum Carbonate: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects on Gastric Environment
Authors: Coppolino Giuseppe , Lucisano Silvia , Rivoli Laura , Fuiano Giorgio , Villari Antonino , Villari Iole , Leonello Grazia , Lacquaniti Antonio , Santoro Domenico , Buemi Michele 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHyperphosphatemia is common in patients with chronic renal failure. Phosphate binders are associated with gastric intolerance, representing the main reason of drug discontinuation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects in vitro and in vivo of sevelamer hydrochloride (SH), sevelamer carbonate (SC) and lanthanum carbonate (LC) on gastric microenvironment. We have also evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of these drugs in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In vitro analysis: Dissolution time, ability to uptake phosphorus, changes in pH starting from gastric milieu and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced were the variables analyzed. In vivo analysis: 24‐h esophago‐gastric pH measurement was evaluated in 24 HD patients treated with phosphate binders and proton pump inhibitor (PPI). In vitro: LC dissolved over a longer time compared with SC (58 ± 2.4 vs. 12 ± 0.6 min; P < 0.001) and SH (58 ± 2.4 vs. 10.3 ± 0.8 min; P < 0.001), determining the most alkaline pH. SC had the highest chelation power, binding 4.00 × 10−9 mol/L of phosphoric acid. CO2 volume released was increased in LC solution (53.2 ± 7.8) compared to SC (33.9 ± 6.2; P < 0.001) and SH (2.3 ± 1.8; P < 0.001). In vivo: gastric pH increased after administration of phosphate binder. The most alkaline pH was recorded in patients treated with SC. The alkalinization of the gastric environment was not prevented by PPI therapy. 424 episodes of esophageal reflux were registered, 74% of them were alkaline. The LC group was characterized by the highest number of episodes. Sevelamer carbonate had a greater capacity and rapidity to chelate phosphorus, with a mild tolerability, due to its low CO2 production. Sevelamer HCl was the most tolerated chelator because it did not produce CO2, while lanthanum carbonate was the least soluble.
Prospective comparative study of inhibitory control test and psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis and prognosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients in the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Gupta Dhaval , Ingle Meghraj , Shah Kaivan , Phadke Aniruddha , Sawant Prabha 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the usefulness of inhibitory control test (ICT) for diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in the Indian subcontinent and its correlation with the severity of liver disease and to determine its prognostic significance.MethodsTwo hundred patients with cirrhosis and 200 healthy controls were enrolled. Only patients were administered with psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES), while both patients and controls were subjected to ICT. MHE was diagnosed when PHES ≤−5. ICT was considered abnormal when the numbers of ICT lures were ≥14.ResultsOverall, 135 (67.5%) patients had MHE. Mean ICT lures were higher in cirrhotic patients with MHE than those without MHE (17.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.9–22.3 vs 8.79, 95% CI 6.8–12.60, P < 0.001). Target accuracy was lower in patients with MHE than in those without (84.35, 95% CI 78.5–89.8 vs 95.36, 95% CI 90.1–99.2, P < 0.001). ICT had a sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 78.5% with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.855 (95% CI 0.791–0.920) for MHE. ICT was correlated with Child–Turcotte–Pugh class (P < 0.001) and the model for end‐stage liver disease score (P < 0.001) and predicted the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and probable survival with excellent test–retest reliability.ConclusionsICT is useful for diagnosing MHE in patients with cirrhosis. It is correlated with disease severity and predicts the development of OHE and probable survival with excellent test–retest reliability.
Borderline personality disorder in transition age youth with bipolar disorder
Authors: Yen S. , Frazier E. , Hower H. , Weinstock L. M. , Topor D. R. , Hunt J. , Goldstein T. R. , Goldstein B. I. , Gill M. K. , Ryan N. D. , Strober M. , Birmaher B. , Keller M. B. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the longitudinal impact of borderline personality disorder (BPD) on the course and outcome of bipolar disorder (BP) in a pediatric BP sample.MethodParticipants (N = 271) and parents from the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study were administered structured clinical interviews and self‐reports on average every 8.7 months over a mean of 93 months starting at age 13.0 ± 3.1 years. The structured interview for DSM‐IV personality disorders (SIDP‐IV) was administered at the first follow‐up after age 18 to assess for symptoms of BPD. BPD operationalized at the disorder, factor, and symptom level, was examined as a predictor of poor clinical course of BP using all years of follow‐up data.ResultsThe number of BPD symptoms was significantly associated with poor clinical course of BP, above and beyond BP characteristics. Affective dysregulation was most strongly associated with poor course at the factor level; the individual symptoms most strongly associated with poor course were dissociation/stress‐related paranoid ideation, impulsivity, and affective instability.ConclusionBPD severity adds significantly to the burden of BP illness and is significantly associated with a more chronic and severe course and outcome beyond what can be attributable to BP characteristics.
New developments on the neurobiological and pharmaco‐genetic mechanisms underlying internet and videogame addiction
Authors: Weinstein Aviv , Lejoyeux Michel 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThere is emerging evidence that the psychobiological mechanisms underlying behavioral addictions such as internet and videogame addiction resemble those of addiction for substances of abuse.ObjectivesReview of brain imaging, treatment and genetic studies on videogame and internet addiction.MethodsLiterature search of published articles between 2009 and 2013 in Pubmed using “internet addiction” and “videogame addiction” as the search word. Twenty‐nine studies have been selected and evaluated under the criteria of brain imaging, treatment, and genetics.ResultsBrain imaging studies of the resting state have shown that long‐term internet game playing affected brain regions responsible for reward, impulse control and sensory‐motor coordination. Brain activation studies have shown that videogame playing involved changes in reward and loss of control and that gaming pictures have activated regions similarly to those activated by cue‐exposure to drugs. Structural studies have shown alterations in the volume of the ventral striatum possible as result of changes in reward. Furthermore, videogame playing was associated with dopamine release similar in magnitude to those of drugs of abuse and that there were faulty inhibitory control and reward mechanisms videogame addicted individuals. Finally, treatment studies using fMRI have shown reduction in craving for videogames and reduced associated brain activity.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceVideogame playing may be supported by similar neural mechanisms underlying drug abuse. Similar to drug and alcohol abuse, internet addiction results in sub‐sensitivity of dopamine reward mechanisms. Given the fact that this research is in its early stage it is premature to conclude that internet addiction is equivalent to substance addictions. (Am J Addict 2015;24:117–125)
Compulsive buying
Authors: Müller Astrid , Mitchell James E. , de Zwaan Martina 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveAlthough compulsive buying (CB) seems to be not only prevalent but even increasing in prevalence, it often remains neglected or minimized in clinical settings. There is a need for a greater understanding and recognition of this problem. The aim of this article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding CB and to offer thoughts regarding classification.MethodReview of published literature over the period 1994–2013 through Pubmed/Medline, PsychINFO, and Google Scholar using the key words ‘compulsive buying’, ‘impulsive buying’ and ‘addictive buying’.ResultsCB is defined by a preoccupation with buying and shopping, by frequent buying episodes, or overpowering urges to buy that are experienced as irresistible and senseless. The maladaptive spending behavior is associated with serious psychological, social, occupational, and financial problems. Treatment‐seeking patients with CB suffer from substantial psychiatric comorbidity (eg, anxiety and depressive mood disorders, compulsive hoarding, binge eating disorder). Representative surveys revealed prevalence estimates of CB between 6% and 7% and indicate that younger people are more prone to develop CB. Moreover, European data suggest an increase of CB in the adult population over the last 20 years. While there is no evidence for the efficacy of psychopharmacological treatment, group cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective.ConclusionThe relevance of recognition of CB as mental disorder is undeniable in the face of its estimated prevalence and associated burden. As our understanding of contributing neurobiological and etiological factors is limited, further research should focus on these topics, taking into account the heterogeneity of individuals with CB. There is also a need for specific treatment options and for the development of prevention strategies. (Am J Addict 2015;24:132–137)
Smoking‐related correlates of psychomotor restlessness and agitation in a community sample of daily cigarette smokers
Authors: Wong Jordan A. , Leventhal Adam M. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesPsychomotor restlessness and agitation (PMA) is a putatively important, yet understudied, psychopathologic correlate of smoking. The scant smoking research on PMA previously conducted has been narrow in scope and conducted among psychiatric patients. To examine the generalizability and relevance of PMA to smoking, this cross‐sectional study investigated associations between PMA and a variety of smoking processes in a community sample.MethodsParticipants in this study were non‐treatment‐seeking smokers (N = 254, ≥10 cig/day, M age = 44 years) from the community without an active mood disorder. At baseline, they completed a PMA symptom checklist, a composite depressive symptom index, and a battery of smoking questionnaires.ResultsLinear regression models adjusting for depressive symptoms and demographics indicated that PMA level was positively associated with severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms during prior quit attempts (β = .18, p < .05), anticipated likelihood of withdrawal in a future quit attempt (β = .19, p < .05), motivation to smoke for negative reinforcement (β = .14, p < .05), and smoking expectancies for negative reinforcement (β = .17, p < .05), negative consequences (β = .22, p < .01), and positive reinforcement (β = .14, p < .05). PMA was not significantly associated with smoking chronicity, frequency, or dependence severity.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceSmokers with elevated PMA appear to experience greater smoking‐induced affect modulation and nicotine withdrawal than the average smoker, regardless of other depressive symptoms. Given that PMA differentiates a qualitatively unique profile of smoking characteristics, PMA warrants consideration in tobacco addiction research and practice. (Am J Addict 2015;24:166–172)
Typologies of positive psychotic symptoms in methamphetamine dependence
Authors: Bousman Chad A. , McKetin Rebecca , Burns Richard , Woods Steven Paul , Morgan Erin E. , Atkinson J. Hampton , Everall Ian P. , Grant Igor ,   the Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesUnderstanding methamphetamine associated psychotic (MAP) symptom typologies could aid in identifying individuals at risk of progressing to schizophrenia and guide early intervention.MethodsLatent class analysis (LCA) of psychotic symptoms collected from 40 (n = 40) methamphetamine dependent individuals with a history of psychotic symptoms but no history of a primary psychotic disorder.ResultsThree typologies were identified. In one, persecutory delusions dominated (Type 1), in another persecutory delusions were accompanied by hallucinations (Type 2), and in the third a high frequency of all the assessed hallucinatory and delusional symptoms was observed (Type 3).Discussion and ConclusionMAP is a heterogeneous syndrome with positive symptom typologies.Scientific SignificanceThis study represents the first attempt at identifying typologies of MAP and highlights the potential utility of LCA in future large‐scale studies. (Am J Addict 2015;24:94–97)
Maternal Health and Pregnancy Outcomes Comparing Migrant Women Born in Humanitarian and Nonhumanitarian Source Countries: A Retrospective, Observational Study
Authors: Gibson‐Helm Melanie E. , Teede Helena J. , Cheng I‐Hao , Block Andrew A. , Knight Michelle , East Christine E. , Wallace Euan M. , Boyle Jacqueline A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between migration and pregnancy outcomes is complex, with little insight into whether women of refugee background have greater risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes than other migrant women. This study aimed to describe maternal health, pregnancy care, and pregnancy outcomes among migrant women from humanitarian and nonhumanitarian source countries.MethodsRetrospective, observational study of singleton births, at a single maternity service in Australia 2002–2011, to migrant women born in humanitarian source countries (HSCs, n = 2,713) and non‐HSCs (n = 10,606). Multivariable regression analysis assessed associations between maternal HSC‐birth and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsCompared with women from non‐HSCs, the following were more common in women from HSCs: age < 20 years (0.6 vs 2.9% p < 0.001), multiparity (51 vs 76% p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 (38 vs 50% p < 0.001), anemia (3.2 vs 5.9% p < 0.001), tuberculosis (0.1 vs 0.4% p = 0.001), and syphilis (0.4 vs 2.5% p < 0.001). Maternal HSC‐birth was independently associated with poor or no pregnancy care attendance (OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.8–3.6]), late first pregnancy care visit (OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.1–1.5]), and postterm birth (> 41 weeks gestation) (OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.9–3.4]). Stillbirth (0.8 vs 1.2% p = 0.04, OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.0–2.4]) and unplanned birth before arrival at the hospital (0.6 vs 1.2% p < 0.001, OR 1.3 [95% CI 0.8–2.1]) were more common in HSC‐born women but not independently associated with maternal HSC‐birth after adjusting for age, parity, BMI and relative socioeconomic disadvantage.ConclusionsThese findings suggest areas where women from HSCs may have additional needs in pregnancy compared with women from non‐HSCs. Refugee‐focused strategies to support engagement in pregnancy care and address maternal health needs would be expected to improve health outcomes in resettlement countries.
The evolution of peer review as a basis for scientific publication: directional selection towards a robust discipline?
Authors: Ferreira Catarina , Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Bennett Amanda M. , Ellington E. Hance , Terwissen Christine , Austin Cayla , Borlestean Adrian , Boudreau Melanie R. , Chan Kevin , Forsythe Adrian , Hossie Thomas J. , Landolt Kristen , Longhi Jessica , Otis Josée‐Anne , Peers Michael J. L. , Rae Jason , Seguin Jacob , Watt Cristen , Wehtje Morgan , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPeer review is pivotal to science and academia, as it represents a widely accepted strategy for ensuring quality control in scientific research. Yet, the peer‐review system is poorly adapted to recent changes in the discipline and current societal needs. We provide historical context for the cultural lag that governs peer review that has eventually led to the system's current structural weaknesses (voluntary review, unstandardized review criteria, decentralized process). We argue that some current attempts to upgrade or otherwise modify the peer‐review system are merely sticking‐plaster solutions to these fundamental flaws, and therefore are unlikely to resolve them in the long term. We claim that for peer review to be relevant, effective, and contemporary with today's publishing demands across scientific disciplines, its main components need to be redesigned. We propose directional changes that are likely to improve the quality, rigour, and timeliness of peer review, and thereby ensure that this critical process serves the community it was created for.
Immunology of IgG4-related disease
Authors: Della-Torre E , Lanzillotta M , Doglioni C 
Published: April 2015

SummaryImmunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition that derives its name from the characteristic finding of abundant IgG4+ plasma cells in affected tissues, as well as the presence of elevated serum IgG4 concentrations in many patients. In contrast to fibrotic disorders, such as systemic sclerosis or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in which the tissues fibrosis has remained largely intractable to treatment, many IgG4-RD patients appear to have a condition in which the collagen deposition is reversible. The mechanisms underlying this peculiar feature remain unknown, but the remarkable efficacy of B cell depletion in these patients supports an important pathogenic role of B cell/T cell collaboration. In particular, aberrant T helper type 2 (Th2)/regulatory T cells sustained by putative autoreactive B cells have been proposed to drive collagen deposition through the production of profibrotic cytokines, but definitive demonstrations of this hypothesis are lacking. Indeed, a number of unsolved questions need to be addressed in order to fully understand the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. These include the identification of an antigenic trigger(s), the implications (if any) of IgG4 antibodies for pathophysiology and the precise immunological mechanisms leading to fibrosis. Recent investigations have also raised the possibility that innate immunity might precede adaptive immunity, thus further complicating the pathological scenario. Here, we aim to review the most recent insights on the immunology of IgG4-RD, focusing on the relative contribution of innate and adaptive immune responses to the full pathological phenotype of this fibrotic condition. Clinical, histological and therapeutic features are also addressed.