bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical ganciclovir treatment in patients with cytomegalovirus endotheliitis receiving penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Su Chien‐Chia , Wang I‐Jong , Chen Wei‐Li , Lin Chang‐Pin , His Brian , Hu Fung‐Rong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo report seven cases diagnosed as cytomegalovirus endotheliitis and treated with topical 2% ganciclovir following penetrating keratoplasty.DesignA retrospectively comparative case series.ParticipantsA retrospective interventional case series, including seven eyes of seven patients with cytomegalovirus endotheliitis after penetrating keratoplasty.MethodsClinical and immunological characteristics were studied in seven penetrating keratoplasty cases with positive quantitative polymerase chain reaction results for cytomegalovirus DNA from aqueous taps and treated with topical 2% ganciclovir.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical features and responses to topical 2% ganciclovir.ResultsSeven immunocompetent patients experienced acute anterior inflammation with graft oedema and pigmented keratic precipitates after penetrating keratoplasty. Their immunological profiles showed immunoglobulin G cytomegalovirus (+) and immunoglobulin M cytomegalovirus (–) in all cases. Topical 2% ganciclovir was prescribed every 2 to 3 h daily as induction therapy and every 4 h as long‐term maintenance therapy. All cases had undetectable cytomegalovirus DNA after follow‐up aqueous taps. Topical 2% ganciclovir preserved endothelium of cytomegalovirus‐infected grafts at early stage and also provided a steady anticytomegalovirus environment for further regrafting in failed grafts at late stage. Acute inflammation reactivated in two cases and was suppressible by steroid under topical ganciclovir. No delayed re‐epithelialization and any toxicity were observed. To date, no case treated in this way had displayed cytomegalovirus recurrence.ConclusionsContinuous topical 2% ganciclovir and a topical steroid adjusted by anterior inflammation are suggested after penetrating keratoplasty in all cases with cytomegalovirus endotheliitis to prevent cytomegalovirus recurrence.
Novel hybrid laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse with a severe paravaginal defect
Authors: Ichikawa Masao , Akira Shigeo , Mine Katsuya , Ohuchi Nozomi , Kurose Keisuke , Takeshita Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAbdominal sacrocolpopexy is the gold standard for treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP) because of safety and durable good results. More recently laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC), a less invasive approach, has become popular. Although these surgeries are versatile and can treat almost all patients with POP, these techniques have shortcomings. Specifically, reinforcement of lateral vaginal defects are not very strong, thus patients with POP and a severe paravaginal defect are not good candidates for abdominal or laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. To overcome this problem, we developed a novel type of LSC, which can reinforce severe paravaginal defects by using a reversed T‐shaped anterior mesh combining the advantage of transvaginal mesh surgery. We refer to this novel surgery as ‘hybrid LSC’. Thus far, eight patients have successfully undergone this surgery. Hybrid LSC is a simple and secure method, and is an alternative treatment for POP with a severe paravaginal defect.
The Relation of Moral Emotion Attributions to Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Malti Tina , Krettenauer Tobias 
Published: September 2012

This meta‐analytic review of 42 studies covering 8,009 participants (ages 4–20) examines the relation of moral emotion attributions to prosocial and antisocial behavior. A significant association is found between moral emotion attributions and prosocial and antisocial behaviors (d = .26, 95% CI [.15, .38]; d = .39, 95% CI [.29, .49]). Effect sizes differ considerably across studies and this heterogeneity is attributed to moderator variables. Specifically, effect sizes for predicted antisocial behavior are larger for self‐attributed moral emotions than for emotions attributed to hypothetical story characters. Effect sizes for prosocial and antisocial behaviors are associated with several other study characteristics. Results are discussed with respect to the potential significance of moral emotion attributions for the social behavior of children and adolescents.
Early Attachment Organization With Both Parents and Future Behavior Problems: From Infancy to Middle Childhood
Authors: Kochanska Grazyna , Kim Sanghag 
Published: September 2012

Links between children's attachment security with mothers and fathers, assessed in Strange Situation with each parent at 15 months (N = 101), and their future behavior problems were examined. Mothers and fathers rated children's behavior problems, and children reported their own behavior problems at age 8 (N = 86). Teachers rated behavior problems at age 6½ (N = 86). Insecurity with both parents had a robust effect: “Double‐insecure” children reported more overall problems, and were rated by teachers as having more externalizing problems than those secure with at least 1 parent. Security with either parent could offset such risks, and security with both conferred no additional benefits. High resistance toward both parents in Strange Situation may confer “dual risk” for future externalizing behavior.
Does Adolescents' Disclosure to Their Parents Matter for Their Academic Adjustment?
Authors: Cheung Cecilia S.‐S. , Pomerantz Eva M. , Dong Wei 
Published: September 2012

The role of adolescents' disclosure to their parents in their academic adjustment was examined in a study of 825 American and Chinese adolescents (mean age = 12.73 years). Four times over the seventh and eighth grades, adolescents reported on their spontaneous disclosure of everyday activities to their parents, the quality of their relationships with their parents, and their parents' autonomy support and control. Information about multiple dimensions of adolescents' academic adjustment (e.g., learning strategies, autonomous vs. controlled motivation, and grades) was also obtained. Both American and Chinese adolescents' disclosure predicted their enhanced academic adjustment over time. However, when American adolescents disclosed in a negative context (e.g., a poor parent–child relationship or controlling parenting), their autonomous (vs. controlled) motivation was undermined.
Trajectories of Internalizing Problems in War‐Affected Sierra Leonean Youth: Examining Conflict and Postconflict Factors
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , McBain Ryan , Newnham Elizabeth A. , Brennan Robert T. 
Published: September 2012

Three waves of data from a prospective longitudinal study in Sierra Leone were used to examine internalizing trajectories in 529 war‐affected youth (ages 10–17 at baseline; 25% female). Latent class growth analyses identified 4 trajectories: A large majority of youth maintained lower levels of internalizing problems (41.4%) or significantly improved over time (47.6%) despite very limited access to care, but smaller proportions continued to report severe difficulties 6 years postwar (4.5%) or their symptoms worsened (6.4%). Continued internalizing problems were associated with loss of a caregiver, family abuse and neglect, and community stigma. Despite the comparative resilience of most war‐affected youth in the face of extreme adversity, there remains a compelling need for interventions that address family‐ and community‐level stressors.
A Longitudinal Study of School Belonging and Academic Motivation Across High School
Authors: Neel Cari Gillen‐O' , Fuligni Andrew 
Published: September 2012

This longitudinal study examined how school belonging changes over the years of high school, and how it is associated with academic achievement and motivation. Students from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds participated (N = 572; age span = 13.94–19.15 years). In ninth grade, girls' school belonging was higher than boys'. Over the course of high school, however, girls' school belonging declined, whereas boys' remained stable. Within‐person longitudinal analyses indicated that years in which students had higher school belonging were also years in which they felt that school was more enjoyable and more useful, above and beyond their actual level of achievement. Results highlight the importance of belonging for maintaining students' academic engagement during the teenage years.
Evaluation of sexual function in patients presenting with Behçet’s disease with or without depression
Authors: Gül I.G. , Kartalcı Ş. , Cumurcu B.E. , Karıncaoğlu Y. , Yoloğlu S. , Karlıdağ R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim  Sexual dysfunction has been found in many disorders that are chronic or disabling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual satisfaction levels, sexual function and their relationship with the mental state in a group of patients being followed‐up with a diagnosis of Behçet’s disease (BD).Method  A total of 50 BD patients and 50 control‐group subjects were administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Golombok Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale (GRISS) and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX).Results  The ASEX, GRISS total, HDRS and HARS scores were significantly higher in the patient group than the control subjects (P = 0.0001, P = 0.007, P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001 respectively). Sexual dissatisfaction was seen in 40 (80%) of the patient‐group and 16 (32%) of the control‐group subjects according to the GRISS (P = 0.0001). Female study participants had higher mean scores than the control subjects for the ASEX, GRISS total scores and the GRISS satisfaction, avoidance, vaginismus and orgasm subscale scores (P = 0.0001, P = 0.002, P = 0.02, P = 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.03 respectively). Male study participants had different mean scores for the controls regarding the ASEX scores and the GRISS impotence, premature ejaculation, satisfaction and frequency subscale scores (P = 0.01, P = 0.01, P = 0.0001, P = 0.03, P = 0.007 respectively).Discussion  The negative effect of the disorder on the biological and functional status and daily living activities in BD patients also influences the patients’ sexual experiences and satisfaction. The negative effects of chronic diseases such as BD should therefore be defined and the disorder evaluated from a wide perspective during the treatment process.
Efficacy and safety of methantheline bromide (Vagantin®) in axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis: results from a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Müller C. , Berensmeier A. , Hamm H. , Dirschka T. , Reich K. , Fischer T. , Rzany B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Focal hyperhidrosis can severely affect quality of life. So far, knowledge on the effect of systemic therapy of focal hyperhidrosis is limited.Objective  To assess the efficacy and safety of methantheline bromide (MB) in the treatment of axillary and palmar‐axillary hyperhidrosis.Methods  A multicenter controlled randomized double‐blind clinical trial was conducted in patients with axillary or palmar‐axillary hyperhidrosis defined by a sweat production >50 mg/5 min. Patients received 3 × 50 mg MB daily or placebo over a period of 28 ± 1 days. Main outcome criterion was the reduction of sweat as measured by gravimetry on day 28 ± 1. Quality of life was assessed by Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Score (HDSS).Results  A total of 339 patients were randomly assigned to receive MB or placebo. On day 28 ± 1, the mean axillary sweat production was 99 mg for MB and 130 mg for placebo compared with 168 mg and 161 mg respectively at baseline (P = 0.004). Patient′s HDSS score decreased in the MB group from 3.2 to 2.4 compared with 3.2 to 2.7 for placebo (P = 0.002). Similar results could be obtained for the DLQI with 9.7 for MB and 12.2 for placebo, which decreased from 16.4 or 17 respectively (P = 0.003). Tolerability was good for both groups. The most frequent adverse event was dry mouth.Conclusion  Fifty milligrams methantheline bromide three times a day is an effective and safe treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.
Controlling access to oil roads protects forest cover, but not wildlife communities: a case study from the rainforest ofYasuníBiosphereReserve (Ecuador)
Authors: Suárez E. , Zapata‐Ríos G. , Utreras V. , Strindberg S. , Vargas J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThrough the analysis of a case study fromAmazonianEcuador, this paper evaluates the impacts of two oil‐road management approaches on the structure and composition of wildlife communities (large‐ or medium‐sized mammals and game bird species). In a free‐access road, where forest has been cleared and fragmented by colonists, fewer species were found, together with wildlife density estimates that were almost 80% lower than on a control site without human disturbance. In contrast, on the road where access control has been enforced, habitat destruction has been minimal, but several wildlife species showed reductions in their populations, apparently related to changes in the subsistence practices of localWaorani hunters that settled along the road after its construction. In this area, economic subsidies and free transportation from the oil companies, access to the road, more efficient hunting technologies, and market incentives have increased the impacts of hunting by theWaorani, resulting in depletion of the local wildlife populations. Our research suggests that construction of roads in oil extraction areas must be avoided if at all possible. The alternative management of controlling access can be effective for short‐term habitat protection, but not for wildlife conservation, especially when oil industry practices alter the social dynamics of local indigenous groups.
Combined Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress Genes Predict Coronary Artery Disease and Oxidative Stress in Coronary Angiography Patients
Authors: Heslop Claire L. , Tebbutt Scott J. , Podder Mohua , Ruan Jian , Hill John S. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryOxidative stress has been implicated in all stages of atherosclerosis, but how inherited variations in oxidative stress genes influence the severity of cardiovascular disease is not known. We tested associations between polymorphisms in candidate oxidative stress genes, plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, and cardiovascular mortality in an angiography cohort.Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 15 genes were selected by linkage disequilibrium tagging. Genotyping was performed using customized arrayed primer extension micro‐arrays, with automated genotype calling methods. Effects of SNPs and haplotypes on plasma oxidative stress and coronary artery disease (CAD) were estimated using a stochastic estimation maximization algorithm. Proportionate hazards analyses were used to determine effects of single and combined genetic markers on cardiovascular mortality risk, and on the following oxidative stress biomarkers: myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrotyrosine, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, and antioxidant capacity.Oxidative stress gene SNPs associated with CAD were combined into an oxidative stress risk allele score, which predicted disease presence (1.5‐fold risk increase per allele, P < 0.001). Combined risk alleles were also associated with elevated plasma MPO (P < 0.003), an oxidative stress biomarker that predicts cardiovascular mortality.Genetic markers that represent lifetime oxidative stress burden may implicate specific oxidative stress pathways in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and offer therapeutic opportunities.
Coexistence of plant and algal energy dissipation mechanisms in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Gerotto Caterina , Alboresi Alessandro , Giacometti Giorgio M. , Bassi Roberto , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Although light is the source of energy for photosynthetic organisms, it causes oxidative stress when in excess. Plants and algae prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by activation of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), which dissipates excess excitation energy as heat. Although NPQ is found in both algae and plants, these organisms rely on two different proteins for its activation, Light harvesting complex stress‐related (LHCSR) and Photosystem II subunit S (PSBS). In the moss Physcomitrella patens, both proteins are present and active.

Several P. patens lines depleted in or over‐expressing PSBS and/or LHCSR at various levels were generated by exploiting the ability of Physcomitrella to undergo homologous recombination.

The analysis of the transgenic lines showed that either protein is sufficient, alone, for NPQ activation independently of the other, supporting the idea that they rely on different activation mechanisms. Modulation of PSBS and/or LHCSR contents was found to be correlated with NPQ amplitude, indicating that plants and algae can directly modulate their ability to dissipate energy simply by altering the accumulation level of one or both of these proteins.

The availability of a large range of P. patens genotypes differing in PSBS and LHCSR content allowed comparison of their activation mechanisms and discussion of implications for the evolution of photoprotection during land colonization.
Cream cheese as a symbiotic food carrier using Bifidobacterium animalis Bb‐12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 and inulin
Authors: Alves Larissa L , Richards Neila S P S , Mattanna Paula , Andrade Diego F , S Rezer Adriano P , Milani Liana I G , Cruz Adriano G , Faria José A F 
Published: September 2012

The stability of cream cheeses as a symbiotic food carrier, through supplementation with different concentrations of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis Bb‐12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 and the prebiotic ingredient inulin was investigated. Physicochemical parameters, pH values, total solids, fat and protein levels and the viable counts of the starter lactic culture Streptococcus thermophilus and probiotic cultures, were carried out at 1, 15, 30 and 45 days of refrigerated storage (8 ± 0.5 °C). Different physicochemical characteristics were observed in all formulations. S. thermophilus showed good viability in all the trials (6.66–9.38 log cfu/g), whereas B. animalis remained above 6 log cfu/g in all the trials during the period evaluated. However, L. acidophilus showed an accentuated decline, registering values of 3.1 log cfu/g at the end of the period studied. The results suggested that cream cheese was an adequate food matrix for supplementation with probiotic bacteria, in particular B. animalis, and the prebiotic ingredient, showing potential as a symbiotic food.
Children's attitudes towards ADHD, depression and learning disabilities
Authors: Bellanca Faye Francesca , Pote Helen 
Published: September 2012

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and general learning disabilities (LD) are common difficulties for British primary school children. It has been found that characteristics associated with these difficulties can result in negative attitudes and stigma from other children, causing problems with peer relationships. Furthermore, problematic peer relations can intensify the difficulties associated with these disorders.Packages such as ‘Tackling Stigma: A Practical Toolkit’ aim to combat stigma in schools. However, these packages have not been based on evidence regarding children's attitudes towards different disorders. This study aims to explore children's attitudes towards ADHD, depression and LD from a conative (measure of social distance) and cognitive (measure of positive or negative attributes ascribed to a person) perspective.Participants were 273 children (M= 9.2 years). Vignettes were used to describe a child with ADHD, depression, or LD or a ‘normal’ child. The Shared Activities Questionnaire was utilised to assess conative attitudes, and the Adjective Checklist was utilised to assess cognitive attitudes.Results showed that children generally displayed more negative attitudes to vignettes describing mental health difficulties (MHD) (ADHD and depression) than LD. Children had more negative attitudes towards the ADHD (externalising disorder) vignette than the depression vignette (internalising disorder). Younger children had more positive conative attitudes than older children. Those who had previous contact with children with ADHD, depression and LD had more positive attitudes.These findings can enhance current stigma reduction interventions through contributing a deeper understanding of children's attitudes towards the most common MHD and LD in childhood.
Nursing power as viewed by nursing professionals
Authors: Katriina Peltomaa , Sari Viinikainen , Anja Rantanen , Christina Sieloff , Paula Asikainen , Tarja Suominen 
Published: September 2012

Background:  The concept of nursing power has not been extensively reported in the nursing literature. Power is an extremely abstract concept, making it difficult to define and study. However, when defined as the capacity to achieve goals, power becomes a significant resource in nursing.Aims:  The aim of this study was to describe how nursing professionals perceive the level of nursing group power in public healthcare organizations. Additionally, the connections between the background variables and nursing group power were analysed.Methods:  The participants in the study consisted of 289 Finnish nurses working in the specialist healthcare sector in Finland. The Sieloff‐King Assessment of Group Outcome Attainment within Organizations© (SKAGOAO) instrument was utilized to assess the level of nursing group power within the selected organizations.Findings:  According to the present study, nursing professionals rated the outcome attainment (mean, 1.93), as well as goals/outcome competency (mean, 2.24), as very good. The position of nursing (mean, 2.55) as part of the healthcare service system was considered fairly respected. The role of nursing (mean, 2.54) was also considered to be at a good level. As regards to the actualization of power or outcome attainment capacity, respondents gave the lowest ratings to controlling the effects of environmental forces (mean, 2.75), resources (mean, 3.48), communication competency (mean, 3.00) and group supervisor’s outcome attainment competency (mean, 2.87). Age, education, type of employment and work experience had an impact on how nursing group power was perceived.Conclusions:  The results of the present study indicated that the nurses perceived the lowest levels of group power in relation to the subscales of controlling the effects of environmental forces, resources, communication competency and group supervisor’s outcome attainment competency.