bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Stable Ni−B/Honeycomb−Structural Al2O3 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Luo Yuhao , Su Tongming , Chen Liuyun , Ji Hongbing , Qin Zuzeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo‐component catalysts have garnered significant attention in the field of catalysis due to their ability to inhibit Ni sintering. In the present work, honeycomb‐structuralstructured Al2O3‐supported Ni and B were prepared to enhance coke tolerance during dry reforming of methane (DRM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results revealed that the average particle sizes on Ni/Al2O3 and Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3 were 7.6 nm and 4.2 nm, respectively, indicating that B can effectively inhibit Ni sintering. After a 100‐hour reaction, the conversion of CH4 and CO2 on Ni/Al2O3 decreased by approximately 5 %, whereas on Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3, there was no significant decrease in CH4 and CO2 conversion, with values of approximately 81.6 % and 87.2 %, respectively. In situ DRIFT spectra demonstrated that Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3 enhanced the activation of CO2, thus improving the catalyst‘s stability. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) model was developed for intrinsic kinetics, and the resulting kinetic expressions were well‐fitted fit to the experimental data, with R2 values exceeding 0.9. ActivationThe activation energies were also calculated. The outstanding stability of Ni‐0.16B/Al2O3 can be attributed to its stable honeycomb structure and B′s ability to significantly inhibit Ni sintering, reduce catalyst particle size, and enhance coke tolerance.
Impact of mixing grain sorghum with corn on ethanol and coproduct yields
Authors: Johnston David B. , Stoklosa Ryan J. , Yee Winnie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExisting corn ethanol biorefineries produce about 94% of the ethanol capacity in the USA and currently have surplus production capacity. Expanding feedstocks for existing facilities rather than building new dedicated facilities could provide significant benefits and cost savings. Grain sorghum is a feedstock with a similar composition to corn, which could be utilized at significant incorporation levels in existing facilities with minimal or no modifications but it is currently only used minimally. To understand the impact of grain sorghum incorporation better we studied mixed corn and grain sorghum fermentation at the laboratory scale and utilized the data generated to develop technical models for the individual grains and for a 50/50 mixture at 119 million kg per year (40 million gal per year). Detailed processing and economic comparisons were developed to determine the overall impact. The results showed significant feedstock savings ($8 million per year) potential for utilization of sorghum relative to corn. Ethanol production cost was reduced by $0.07 per kg of ethanol using sorghum relative to corn. Other potential impacts on coproduct composition and values were also determined and discussed.
DNA methylation of the Lamin A/C gene is associated with congenital heart disease
Authors: Mukherjee Nandini , Bolin Elijah H. , Qasim Amna , Orloff Mohammed S. , Lupo Philip J. , Nembhard Wendy N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies report associations of maternal serum Lamin A, encoded by the LMNA gene, with fetal congenital heart disease (CHD). It is unknown whether DNA methylation (DNAm) of cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) sites in LMNA impacts the CHD susceptibility.MethodsWe investigated the associations of LMNA DNAm with CHD using publicly available data of CHD cases (n = 197) and controls (n = 134) from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Peripheral blood DNAm was measured using Illumina 850 K BeadChip for cases and 450 K BeadChip for controls. We tested 31 LMNA CpGs to identify differences in DNAm between cases and controls using linear regression correcting for multiple testing with false discovery rate (FDR). In a case‐only analysis, we tested the variations in LMNA DNAm between CHD subtypes. To identify the consistency of DNAm across tissue types we compared peripheral blood (n = 197) and heart tissue DNAm (n = 20) in CHD cases.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, and cell types there were significant differences in 17 of the 31 LMNA CpGs between CHD cases and controls (FDR p ≤ .05). We identified lower DNAm of cg09820673 at 3′ UTR for hypoplastic left heart syndrome compared to other CHD subtypes. Three CpGs exhibited uniform DNAm in blood and heart tissues in cases. Eleven CpGs showed changes in the same direction in blood and heart tissues in cases compared to controls.ConclusionWe identify statistically significant differences in LMNA DNAm between CHD cases and controls. Future studies should investigate the role of maternal LMNA DNAm in CHD development.
Tangential flow filtration facilitated fractionation of polymerized human serum albumin: Insights into the effects of molecular size on biophysical properties
Authors: Abdalbaqi Amna , Yahya Ahmad , Govender Krianthan , Muñoz Carlos , Moer Gala Sanchez Van , Lucas Daniela , Cabrales Pedro , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) is currently used as a plasma expander (PE) to increase blood volume during hypovolemic conditions, such as blood loss. However, its effectiveness is suboptimal in septic shock and burn patients due to their enhanced endothelial permeability, resulting in HSA extravasation into the tissue space leading to edema, and deposition of toxic HSA‐bound metabolites. Hence, to expand HSA's applicability toward treating patients with compromised endothelial permeability, HSA has been previously polymerized to increase its molecular size thus compartmentalizing the polymerized HSA (PolyHSA) molecules in the vascular space. Previous studies bracketed PolyHSA between 100 kDa and 0.2 μm. In this research, PolyHSA was synthesized at two cross‐link densities 43:1 and 60:1 (i.e., molar ratios of glutaraldehyde to HSA) and subsequently fractionated via tangential flow filtration (TFF) into two narrower brackets: bracket A (500 kDa and 0.2 μm) and bracket B (50–500 kDa). PolyHSA within the same size bracket at different cross‐link densities exhibited similar solution viscosity, zeta potential, and osmolality but differed in hydrodynamic diameter. At the same cross‐link density, the PolyHSA A bracket showed higher viscosity, lowered zeta potential, and a larger hydrodynamic diameter compared with the PolyHSA B bracket while maintaining osmolality. Interestingly, PolyHSA 43:1 B, PolyHSA 60:1 A, and PolyHSA 60:1 B brackets exhibited colloid osmotic pressure similar to HSA, indicating their potential to serve as PEs.
New anatomical findings in the mandibular body region: Two parts that make up bucco‐mandibular space
Authors: Inoue Eiko , Iwanaga Joe , Han Aya , Tabira Yoko , Haikata Yuto , Kikuchi Keishiro , Saga Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Koichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoft tissue spaces not only enable gliding by contraction of the facial muscles, but they also cause drooping of the superficial fat due to gravity in the upright position. This study was performed to clarify the structures around the bucco‐mandibular space (BMS) and to apply this anatomical knowledge to clinical practice. Four sides of the face were dissected using a conventional gross anatomical dissection technique, and 10 sides (5 horizontal and 5 frontal sections) of the removed semi‐facial soft tissue were dissected using the stretched tissue dissection (STD) method. Histological examination of the mandible was performed on two sides to confirm the findings of conventional gross anatomical dissection and STD. In all cases, both gross dissection and STD revealed that the BMS was composed of two parts. The superficial part was filled with adipose tissue containing nerves and vessels, including the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, facial artery, facial vein, and mental nerve. We named this part the adipo‐neuromandibular part. By contrast, the deep part was separated from the adipo‐neurovascular part by facial deep fascia and composed of loose connective tissue. We named this deep part the loose connective tissue part. The STD method enabled us to obtain detailed anatomical findings of the mandibular region and elucidate two parts of the BMS in which the neurovasculature is distributed. We believe that these findings provide new insights into facial anatomy by resolving existing anatomical uncertainties and will contribute to safer surgical treatment in the facial region.
Advances and clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies
Authors: Sun Wenyue , Hu Shunfeng , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoints are differentially expressed on various immune cells to regulate immune responses in tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can activate the immune checkpoint pathway to establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and inhibit the anti‐tumor immune response, which may lead to tumor progression by evading immune surveillance. Interrupting co‐inhibitory signaling pathways with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could reinvigorate the anti‐tumor immune response and promote immune‐mediated eradication of tumor cells. As a milestone in tumor treatment, ICIs have been firstly used in solid tumors and subsequently expanded to hematological malignancies, which are in their infancy. Currently, immune checkpoints have been investigated as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies, and novel immune checkpoints, such as signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐inducible protein 8‐like 2 (TIPE2), are constantly being discovered. Numerous ICIs have received clinical approval for clinical application in the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially when used in combination with other strategies, including oncolytic viruses (OVs), neoantigen vaccines, bispecific antibodies (bsAb), bio‐nanomaterials, tumor vaccines, and cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells. Moreover, the proportion of individuals with hematological malignancies benefiting from ICIs remains lower than expected due to multiple mechanisms of drug resistance and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Close monitoring and appropriate intervention are needed to mitigate irAEs while using ICIs. This review provided a comprehensive overview of immune checkpoints on different immune cells, the latest advances of ICIs and highlighted the clinical applications of immune checkpoints in hematological malignancies, including biomarkers, targets, combination of ICIs with other therapies, mechanisms of resistance to ICIs, and irAEs, which can provide novel insight into the future exploration of ICIs in tumor treatment.
Anthocyanin Profiles in the Tropical Fruits Eugenia jambolana and Inga edulis: A Comparative Study Using Paper Spray Ionization (PSI‐MS), Tissue Spray Ionization (TSI‐MS), and Direct Infusion (DI‐MS)
Authors: Lima Gesiane S. , Lima Nerilson M. , Balbino Naará S. , Sousa Jean C. P. , Santos Gabriel F. , Vaz Boniek G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPaper spray ionization (PSI‐MS) and tissue spray ionization (TSI‐MS) mass spectrometry are simple and rapid ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques that offer numerous advantages over conventional analysis methods. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of detecting anthocyanins from Eugenia jambolana fruit peel and Inga edulis seeds using PSI‐MS, TSI‐MS, and DI‐MS (direct infusion). DI‐MS exhibited high efficiency, detecting all compounds in abundance, with anthocyanins malvidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside (1) and petunidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside (2) being the most prevalent. PSI‐MS, however, struggled to detect delphinidin 3‐O‐glucoside and showed lower abundances for compounds 1, 2, 3 (delphinidin 3,5‐O‐diglucoside), and 4 (petunidin 3‐O‐glucoside) compared to DI‐MS, attributed to the technique's challenges with molecular weight and polarity. TSI‐MS was least effective, detecting only compounds 1, 2, and 3 at low intensities. The overall unique compounds identified across techniques were 134, emphasizing the importance of comprehensively employing multiple methods to analyze anthocyanins in these edible plants.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti‐Alzheimer, And α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect Of Algerian Peganum harmala Seeds Extract
Authors: Benramdane Hanane , Benariba Nabila , Silva Carlos F. M. , Catarino Marcelo D. , Bartolomeu Maria , Fekhikher Zohra , Pinto Diana C. G. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeganum harmala seeds crude hydro‐methanolic extract and their fractions (obtained with ethyl acetate and butan‐1‐ol) were analyzed and compared for their chemical profiles of alkaloids and polyphenols content. Moreover, their antioxidant, α‐glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were evaluated. The butan‐1‐ol fraction revealed the highest total phenolic content and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. From the inhibitory enzyme evaluations, it should be highlighted the butan‐1‐ol fraction inhibitory potential of ɑ‐glucosidase (the IC50=141.18±4 μg/mL), which was better than the acarbose inhibitory effect (IC50=203.41±1.07 μg/mL). The extracts’ chemical profile analysis revealed several compounds, in which quercetin dimethyl ether, harmine and harmaline emerged as the major compounds. The different solvents used impacted Peganum harmala seed contents and biological responses. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between bioactive compounds and biological activities. Thus, Peganum harmala seeds could be a promising natural source of bioactive compounds at the crossroads of many human diseases, and its cultivation may be encouraged.
A comprehensive overview of radiation therapy impacts of various cancer treatments and pivotal role in the immune system
Authors: Srinivasan Dhasarathdev , Subbarayan Rajasekaran , Srivastava Nityanand , Radhakrishnan Arunkumar , Adtani Pooja Narain , Chauhan Ankush , Krishnamoorthy Loganathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cancer treatment landscape is significantly evolving, focusing on advanced radiation therapy methods to maximize effectiveness and minimize the adverse effects. Recognized as a pivotal component in cancer and disease treatment, radiation therapy (RT) has drawn attention in recent research that delves into its intricate interplay with inflammation and the immune response. This exploration unveils the underlying processes that significantly influence treatment outcomes. In this context, the potential advantages of combining bronchoscopy with RT across diverse clinical scenarios, alongside the targeted impact of brachytherapy, are explored. Concurrently, radiation treatments serve multifaceted roles such as DNA repair, cell elimination, and generating immune stress signaling molecules known as damage‐associated molecular patterns, elucidating their effectiveness in treating various diseases. External beam RT introduces versatility by utilizing particles such as photons, electrons, protons, or carbon ions, each offering distinct advantages. Advanced RT techniques contribute to the evolving landscape, with emerging technologies like FLASH, spatially fractionated RT, and others poised to revolutionize the field. The comprehension of RT, striving for improved treatment outcomes, reduced side effects, and facilitating personalized and innovative treatments for cancer and noncancer patients. After navigating these advancements, the goal is fixed to usher in a new era in which RT is a cornerstone of precision and effectiveness in medical interventions. In summarizing the myriad findings, the review underscores the significance of understanding the differential impacts of radiation approaches on inflammation and immune modulation, offering valuable insights for developing innovative therapeutic interventions that harness the immune system in conjunction with RT.
Merging of a Supramolecular Ligand with a Switchable Luminophore – Light‐Responsiveness, Photophysics and Bioimaging
Authors: Balszuweit Jan , Stahl Paul , Cappellari Victoria , Lorberg Rick Y. , Wölper Christoph , Niemeyer Felix C. , Koch Johannes , Prymak Oleg , Knauer Shirley K. , Strassert Cristian A. , Voskuhl Jens 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this contribution we report on a novel approach towards luminescent light‐responsive ligands. To this end, cyanostilbene‐ guanidiniocarbonyl‐pyrrole hybrids were designed and investigated. Merging of a luminophore with a supramolecular bioactive ligand bears numerous advantages by overcoming the typical drawbacks of drug‐labelling, influencing the overall performance of the active species by attachment of a large luminophore. Here we were able to establish a simple and easily accessible synthesis route to different cyanostyryl‐guanidininiocarbonyl‐pyrrole (CGCP) derivatives. These compounds were investigated regarding their light‐responsive double bond isomerisation, their molecular structures in single crystals by means of X‐ray diffractometry, their emission properties by state of the art photophysical characterisation as well as bioimaging and assessment of cell toxicity.
Reappraisal of bone and soft tissue cytopathology classification using the modified Milan system
Authors: Naka Masaki , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Kohashi Kenichi , Iwasaki Takeshi , Mori Taro , Nogami Miwako , Ookubo Fumihiko , Higuchi Kayoko , Motoi Toru , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundA standardized reporting system for bone and soft tissue tumor cytopathology has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to explore the potential utility of a classification modified from the Milan System for Salivary Gland Cytopathology and compared it with the upcoming World Health Organization (WHO) system for fine‐needle aspiration of soft tissue lesions.MethodsThe authors reviewed 285 cytology cases of bone/joint (n = 173) and soft tissue (n = 112) lesions, scoring each within diagnostic categories. The results were compared with histologic diagnoses and the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category, and diagnostic reliability was analyzed.ResultsAll 285 cases were successfully classified into one of the following categories: nondiagnostic (6.3%), non‐neoplastic (11.9%), atypia of uncertain significance (11.9%), benign neoplasm (5.6%), bone and soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (25.3%), suspicious for malignancy (1.4%), and malignant (37.5%). The ROM was 44.4% (eight of /18 cases) in nondiagnostic, 0% (zero of 34 cases) in non‐neoplastic, 32.4% (11 of 34 cases) in atypia of uncertain significance, 0% (zero of 16 cases) in benign neoplasm, 16.7% (12 of 72 cases) in bone and soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, 75.0% (three of four cases) in suspicious for malignancy, and 100% (107 of 107 cases) in malignant categories. Using the WHO system, the proportion and ROM of the benign category (non‐neoplastic and benign neoplasm) was 17.5% and 0%, respectively. Among benign and malignant lesions, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting malignancy were 99.4%, 100%, and 98.0%, respectively.ConclusionsThe modified Milan system as well as the WHO system may be a useful cytopathologic classification tool for both bone and soft tissue lesions.
Highly Porous Particles of Cellulose Derivatives for Advanced Applications
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikita M. , Zakharevich Anastasia A. , Vdovichenko Artem Yu. , Kovaleva Victoria V. , Zagoskin Yuriy D. , Bakirov Artem V. , Malakhov Sergey N. , Grigoriev Timofei E. , Chvalun Sergei N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA chemical modification of cellulose diacetate by phthalate and nitrate was performed to increase solubility in organic solvents and change the electrical properties. The role of substituents on the conductivity, permittivity, and polarizability of cellulose films is revealed. It has been shown that highly porous micro particles can be obtained from cellulose derivatives by a simple and technological freeze‐drying method. The resulting micro sized aerogels have a predominantly spherical morphology and amorphous structure. Suspensions of porous particles of nitro‐ and phthalylated cellulose derivatives in silicone oil have an increased dielectric permittivity compared to cellulose diacetate particles. Produced particles are novel promising material with tunable electrical properties for advanced applications in composites, including for electrorheological fluids.
Enhancing spectral efficiency of green metric cognitive radio network using an adaptive optimization and communication protocol
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kumari Sangeeta 
Published: July 2024

SummaryInformation technology enables the process of spectral sensing and spectral efficiency (SE) with the help of different strategies attracted by researchers in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CCRN). Compared with other wireless technologies, spectral sharing in green metric CCRN (GMCCRN) is an effective strategy. Due to the collaboration between the unlicensed and licensed customers, the spectral sharing between the cooperative customers possesses various challenges. Here, the effectiveness of green CCRN is demonstrated through a variety of useful techniques. The proposed work designed a channel using Markov Gaussian wideband distribution (MGWD), and for communication, dynamic optimal relay‐based protocol (DORP) is used. Also, an effective optimization known as adaptive dynamic group‐based optimization algorithm (ADGCO) is used to examine the false alarm detection and finest spectral sensing. Finally, the effectiveness of GMCCRN is validated in terms of outage probability, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and throughput. Furthermore, the results revealed that the proposed method in CCRN reduces power consumption at both the secondary user (SU) and primary user (PU) sides. Also, the method maximized the throughput compared with existing schemes and achieved 0.3 as error prospect and 92.6% as accuracy.
Hybrid game theoretic strategy for optimal relay selection in energy harvesting cognitive radio network
Authors: Bakshi Shalley , Sharma Surbhi , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: July 2024

SummaryRelay selection plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of wireless networks particularly in the context of cognitive radio (CR) systems with energy harvesters. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, namely, CGAPSO Shapley, for the best relay selection while simultaneously optimizing the parameters of signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR), throughput, and outage probability. The CGAPSO Shapley algorithm combines the Shapley value, a cooperative game theory concept, with cellular genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization (CGAPSO) to achieve effective and efficient optimization of relay selection. The CGAPSO framework provides a hybrid structure that integrates cellular genetic algorithm (CGA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), enabling simultaneous evolution of the population and particles within cells. The incorporation of the Shapley value and the hybrid CGAPSO framework enables effective exploration of the solution space and provides decision‐makers with comprehensive insights for relay selection. By utilizing the Shapley value, we assign weights to the relay nodes based on their contributions to the overall optimization objectives, considering their CR capabilities and energy harvesting capabilities. Some benchmark test functions are used to compare the hybrid algorithm with both the standard CGAPSO, Particle swarm optimization gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA) and PSO algorithms in evolving best solution. The results show the hybrid algorithm possesses a better capability to escape from local optimums with faster convergence than the standard algorithms. The novel CGAPSO Shapley approach achieves an outage probability of 0.323324, marking a significant improvement of 60% over the outage probability achieved with conventional approach.