bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraseasonal Modulation of the Surface Cooling in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Jouanno Julien , Marin Frédéric , du Penhoat Yves , Molines Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A regional numerical model of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and observations are analyzed to investigate the intraseasonal fluctuations of the sea surface temperature at the equator in the Gulf of Guinea. Results indicate that the seasonal cooling in this region is significantly shaped by short-duration cooling events caused by wind-forced equatorial waves: mixed Rossby–gravity waves within the 12–20-day period band, inertia–gravity waves with periods below 11 days, and equatorially trapped Kelvin waves with periods between 25 and 40 days. In these different ranges of frequencies, it is shown that the wave-induced horizontal oscillations of the northern front of the mean cold tongue dominate the variations of mixed layer temperature near the equator. But the model mixed layer heat budget also shows that the equatorial waves make a significant contribution to the mixed layer heat budget through modulation of the turbulent cooling, especially above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). The turbulent cooling variability is found to be mainly controlled by the intraseasonal modulation of the vertical shear in the upper ocean. This mechanism is maximum during periods of seasonal cooling, especially in boreal summer, when the surface South Equatorial Current is strongest and between 2°S and the equator, where the presence of the EUC provides a background vertical shear in the upper ocean. It applies for the three types of intraseasonal waves. Inertia–gravity waves also modulate the turbulent heat flux at the equator through vertical displacement of the core of the EUC in response to equatorial divergence and convergence.
Latent class analysis of the diagnostic characteristics of PCR and conventional bacteriological culture in diagnosing intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cows at dry off
Authors: Cederlöf Sara Ellinor , Toft Nils , Aalbaek Bent , Klaas Ilka Christine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureusis one of the most common causes of intramammary infections in dairy cows at dry off. Reliable identification is important for disease management on herd level and for antimicrobial treatment of infected animals. Our objective was to evaluate the test characteristics of PathoProof ™ Mastitis PCR Assay and bacteriological culture (BC) in diagnosing bovine intramammary infections caused byS. aureusat dry off at different PCR cycle threshold (Ct)-value cut-offs.MethodsSterile quarter samples and non-sterile composite samples from 140 animals in seven herds were collected in connection with the dairy herd improvement (DHI) milk recording. All quarter samples were analyzed using BC whereas all composite samples were analyzed with PathoProof ™ Mastitis PCR Assay. Latent class analysis was used to estimate test properties for PCR and BC in the absence of a perfect reference test. The population was divided into two geographically divided subpopulations and the Hui-Walter 2-test 2-populations model applied to estimate Se, Sp for the two tests, and prevalence for the two subpopulations.ResultsThe Se for PCR increased with increasing Ct-value cut-off, accompanied by a small decrease in Sp. For BC the Se decreased and Sp increased with increasing Ct-value cut-off. Most optimal test estimates for the real-time PCR assay were at a Ct-value cut-off of 37; 0.93 [95% posterior probability interval (PPI) 0.60-0.99] for Se and 0.95 [95% PPI 0.95-0.99] for Sp. At the same Ct-value cut-off, Se and Sp for BC were 0.83 [95% PPI 0.66-0.99] and 0.97 [95% PPI 0.91-0.99] respectively. Depending on the chosen PCR Ct-value cut-off, the prevalence in the subpopulations varied; the prevalence increased with increasing PCR Ct-value cut-offs.ConclusionNeither BC nor real-time PCR is a perfect test in detecting IMI in dairy cows at dry off. The changes in sensitivity and prevalence at different Ct-value cut-offs for both PCR and BC may indicate a change in the underlying disease definition. At low PCR Ct-value cut-offs the underlying disease definition may be a truly/heavily infected cow, whereas at higher PCR Ct-value cut-offs the disease definition may be aS. aureuspositive cow.
Absolute Risk Prediction of Second Primary Thyroid Cancer Among 5-Year Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Kovalchik Stephanie A. , Ronckers Cécile M. , Veiga Lene H.S. , Sigurdson Alice J. , Inskip Peter D. , de Vathaire Florent , Sklar Charles A. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Anderson Harald , Bhatti Parveen , Hammond Sue , Leisenring Wendy M. , Mertens Ann C. , Smith Susan A. , Stovall Marilyn , Tucker Margaret A. , Weathers Rita E. , Robison Leslie L. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose We developed three absolute risk models for second primary thyroid cancer to assist with long-term clinical monitoring of childhood cancer survivors. Patients and Methods We used data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and two nested case-control studies (Nordic CCSS; Late Effects Study Group). Model M1 included self-reported risk factors, model M2 added basic radiation and chemotherapy treatment information abstracted from medical records, and model M3 refined M2 by incorporating reconstructed radiation absorbed dose to the thyroid. All models were validated in an independent cohort of French childhood cancer survivors. Results M1 included birth year, initial cancer type, age at diagnosis, sex, and past thyroid nodule diagnosis. M2 added radiation (yes/no), radiation to the neck (yes/no), and alkylating agent (yes/no). Past thyroid nodule was consistently the strongest risk factor (M1 relative risk [RR], 10.8; M2 RR, 6.8; M3 RR, 8.2). In the validation cohort, 20-year absolute risk predictions for second primary thyroid cancer ranged from 0.04% to 7.4% for M2. Expected events agreed well with observed events for each model, indicating good calibration. All models had good discriminatory ability (M1 area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.77; M2 AUC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.86; M3 AUC, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.82). Conclusion We developed and validated three absolute risk models for second primary thyroid cancer. Model M2, with basic prior treatment information, could be useful for monitoring thyroid cancer risk in childhood cancer survivors.
Prevalence of Falls and Risk Factors in Adults with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Hsieh Kelly , Rimmer James , Heller Tamar 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of falls and risk factors for falls in 1,515 adults (≥ 18 years) with intellectual disability using baseline data from the Longitudinal Health and Intellectual Disability Study. Nearly 25% of adults from the study were reported to have had one or more falls in the past 12 months. The prevalence of falls increased with advancing age. A series of univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for falls in the full sample and in subsamples. The risk factors for falls in adults with intellectual disability are being female, having arthritis, having a seizure disorder, taking more than 4 medications, using walking aids, and having difficulty lifting/carrying greater than 10 lb.
Synergistic extraction of Eu(III) with N-phosphorylated bis-ureas and chlorinated cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ion
Authors: Selucký P. , Bubeníková M. , Rais J. , Grüner B. , Brusko V. V. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Extraction of Eu(III) with a synergistic mixture of polydentate N-phosphorylated bis-ureas with the general formula (i-PrO)2P(O)NHC(O)NHXNHC(O)NHP(O)(Oi-Pr)2 (X = (CH2)7, (CH2)2O(CH2)2 and (CH2)2O(CH2)2O(CH2)2) and chlorinated cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ion (CCD−) with formula closo-[(1,2-C2B9H8Cl3)2-3-Co]− was studied using nitrobenzene as the solvent. Extraction of Eu(III) was very effective up to high concentrations of nitric acid. Eu(III) is most likely extracted into the organic phase as the [EuL2]3+ species whereas the positive charge of extracted complex is compensated by CCD and/or nitrate anions.
A study of the surface erosion of zircaloy material during laser ablation process by thin layer activation technique
Authors: Datta J. , Verma Rakesh , Chowdhury D. P. , Nilaya J.P. , Biswas D.J. , Gantayet L.M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The thin layer activation (TLA) technique was applied to study the surface erosion of zircaloy clad material during laser ablation process by producing a suitable γ-ray emitting radioisotope in the clad surface using 40 MeV α-particles. This paper reports the rate of surface erosion of zircaloy as a function of deposited laser energy in the range of a few hundred of millijoules to a few kilojoule. The minimum detection limit was found to be 80 ± 25 nm in the measurement of surface loss of material due to laser exposure by TLA technique.
Written Corrective Feedback and Its Challenges for Pre-Service ESL Teachers
Authors: Guénette Danielle , Lyster Roy 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: This study explored the emerging corrective feedback (CF) practices of a group of 18 pre-service English as a second language (ESL) teachers. Serving as tutors to a group of 61 high school ESL learners during a school semester, the pre-service teachers provided CF on texts written by the learners and exchanged via e-mail. The authors analyzed the types of CF they used and the types of errors they chose to focus on, along with the factors that explained their choices. Quantitative analyses of the frequency distribution of CF types relative to error types and qualitative analyses of data collected through journals and interviews confirmed that, similar to their in-service colleagues, pre-service teachers overused direct corrections at the expense of more indirect CF strategies. Drawing on the challenges faced by the pre-service teachers, the authors highlight the importance of implementing such opportunities for pre-service teachers to engage with and reflect on their emerging CF practices.
Factors affecting head capsule development in field populations ofAltica sylvia(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Goguen Josiane , Moreau Gaétan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTraits such as larval growth rate and head capsule width are often measured in economically important insects to determine their developmental stage. However, these traits have the potential to vary between genotypes or in response to several ecological factors. To determine whether geographic or ecological factors cause variability in the head capsule width ofAltica sylviaMalloch (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and to verify whether measures of head capsule width are adequate to identify larval instars in this species,A. sylvialarvae were recovered from 35 fields ofVaccinium angustifoliumAiton (lowbush blueberry; Ericaceae) of eastern New Brunswick, Canada. The distribution of head capsule widths varied in response to accumulated degree-days,A. sylvialarval density, and latitude. An overlap between measures of head capsule width of first-instar and second-instar larvae in fields supporting a high density ofA. sylvialarvae suggested that intraspecific competition caused a reduction in larval growth rate that affected head capsule development and may have induced developmental polymorphism. Based on these results, we stress that the sampling protocol of studies conducted to determine head capsule width intervals in a species should include diverse ecological settings as well as several locations within the range of the species.
'n Lewe met die vaders Oor Carl Borchardt as student van die vroee kerk
Authors: Ie Roux J.H. 
Published: November 2012

A life with the fathers Carl Borchardt's views on the early church This article focuses on Carl Borchardt's contribution to the study of the early church. Especially one aspect of his historical endeavours is highlighted: the close link between the Bible and church history. He illustrated how the early church lived from the Bible and how patristic theology was shaped fundamentally by the Bible. Because he was so wellequiped for the study of the early church Borchardt succeeded highlighting the beauty of patristic exegesis and opening up new ways of understanding our religious past. Dit was in Julie 1968 dat ek Carl Borchardt vir die eerste keer ontmoet het. Professor Ben Marais was die semester weg en Borchardt moes die middeleeue en die reformasie aan ons doseer. Hy was inderdaad 'n uitstekende keuse. Pas twee jaar gelede het hy in Leiden by die befaamde Bakhuizen van den Brink gepromoveer. Sy proefskrif, Hilary of Poitier's role in the Arian struggle, was van so 'n gehalte dat dit in die reeks, Kerkhistorische Studien, opgeneem is. Borchardt was 'n uitnemende plaasvervanger vir Ben 1-farais. So ver ek egter kan onthou, was dosent Borchardt 'n bietjie skugter en manuskripgebonde, maar tog was daar iets in sy Iesings wat my na al die jare nog bybly: 'n deeglike kennis van en 'n vaardigheid met primere en sekondere bronne van die middeleeue en die reformasie. Nou nog onthou ek van die bronne wat hy met die oog op 'n Lutherstudie vermeld het. Drie jaar later was ons saam kollegas aan die Universiteit van Suid-Afrika. Borchardt was in aIle opsigte my senior, maar tog was hy 'n besondere kollega. Tydens daardie goeie Unisajare was ons dosentegetalle klein en gevolglik het ek Borchardt op 'n besondere manier leer ken. Talle gesprekke oor die kerkgeskiedenis het in sy kantoor of by die teekan plaasgevind. Toe hy in 1975 Unisa se diens verlaat en hom by die Universiteit van Pretoria aangesluit het, was dit 'n droewige dag. Vir my was dit egter 'n groot vreugde om in 1987 weer sy kollega te kon word. Van Carel Borchardt het ek enorm veel geleer. Hy is in murg en been 'n akademikus, leermeester en kerkhistorikus. Oor die kerk se historiesegang het hy 'n groot kennis beskik en het dit graag gedeel. Vir die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk is sy aftrede 'n groot verlies. Met aangename herinneringe sal sy studente en kollegas die werk van ~ns geagte koUega koester. Hieronder word kortliks op een aspek van sy kerkhistoriese arbeid gefokus: sy studie van die Parres. As ek aan Borchardt dink, is dit veral sy werk oor die vroee kerk wat my bybly. Sy entoesiasme vir die ou Vaders was aansteeklik. As hy oor hulle gepraat het, was die geesdrif voelbaar. Hieronder word slegs 'n paar fasette van Borchardt se werk as patristikus belig. Veral word die band tussen kerkgeskiedenis en die Skrif beklemtoon.
Karl Heim se verstaan van tyd in die debat tussen teologie en natuurwetenskap
Authors: Buitendag J 
Published: November 2012

Whereas a preceding article focused on Heim’s understanding of “space”, this article focuses on “time”. It is believed that Heim made an enormous contribution to the debate between theology and natural sciences and that time and space form the fabric of understanding reality. The author interprets Heim’s concept of time as a trajectory of time which means that a network of linear, cyclical and punctual time is envisaged. Tribute is paid to Moltmann who was a later successor of Heim in Tübingen, and has applied and developed these insights of time in theology.
The theological coherence between the Belhar confession and some antecedent church witnesses in the period 1948- 1982
Authors: Naude P 
Published: November 2012

This article explores the historical and theological relation between the Confession of Belhar (1982) and some significant antecedent church witnesses from 1948 onward. After identifying these witnesses, a coherence is sought in the confessional interpretation of the SA situation, and core theological themes linked to ecclesiology, Christology and anthropology that served as basis for the vision of an alternative society. Although Belhar is no “summary” of these witnesses, an interpretation of the confession is enhanced by reading it against the ecumenical history of the time.
Die Sendingpraktyk van die Ned Geref Kerk: Enkele tendense vanaf 1952 tot met die eeuwenteling
Authors: Van der Watt G 
Published: November 2012

In this past half century the Dutch Reformed Church was continuously building on the tradition of extended missionary involvement within South Africa as well as in several countries in Southern Africa. During the fifties and sixties there were a flourishing of activities, driven by, amongst other reasons, an idealism and optimism concerning the homeland-policy or grand apartheid. The seventies and eighties were therefore characterised by resistance; the DRC had to reconsider its approach. While the church had to largely withdraw from the traditional fields, it found alternative areas for involvement, mainly abroad. In the nineties a whole new world dawned and the church once again had to adapt. The emphasis shifted to local congregations and a variety of approaches. World mission came into the focus. The way ahead for the Dutch Reformed Family of Churches could only be as one united church, fulfilling it’s calling to mission within the African and especially South African context, while staying true to its reformed tradition.
Paulus se retoriese strategie in Galasiërs 3:15-25
Authors: Tolmie D F 
Published: November 2012

The aim of this article is to demonstrate an approach to the rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to the Galatians that differs from the typical approach followed by researchers, namely the forcing of ancient rhetorical categories on the letter. Instead it is proposed that Paul’s rhetorical strategy should be analysed in terms of a grounded theoretical approach. This is demonstrated by a systematic analysis of Paul’s basic rhetorical strategy, as well as of all the supportive persuasive techniques in Galatians 3:15-25 (subdivided as Galatians 3:15-18 and 3:19-25).
Religious involvement of University of Pretoria campus students. Results of an enquiry
Authors: Kritzinger J J 
Published: November 2012

In a large sample of full-time University of Pretoria main campus students it was found that a very high percentage of all the students reported an affiliation to religious bodies. They also generally regarded themselves as religious. Many also regularly took part in the religious programmes. Quite a rosy statistical picture could be drawn. The one worrying result is the chasm which shows between what the students regard as their religious organisation’s views on certain moral issues, on the one hand, and their own lifestyles, on the other.
Recent trends in the study of the history of pre-monarchic Israelite religion with particular emphasis on the concept of the covenant
Authors: Linington Silvia 
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate and compare some of the recent and not so recent works on Israelite history regarding their methodology. Particular emphasis is placed on their treatment of the covenant theme. The time periods under discussion are the primordial, patriarchal and settlement eras.
Psalm 44: Die God wat nooit sluimer of slaap nie … moet wakker word!
Authors: Mar L P 
Published: November 2012

In Psalm 44, the author accuses Yahweh of sleeping. This is an extremely serious accusation, especially in the light of Psalm 121:4 which explicitly states that Yahweh, in contrast with the gods of the other nations, never sleeps. Why does the author make this accusation? The Psalm begins with Yahweh being praised for showing his goodness in delivering his people and bringing them to the Promised Land. No mention is made of Yahweh sleeping here! It is exactly this contrast between what Yahweh has done in the past and the current situation of his people that results in the accusation against God. The aim of this article is to show that believers today have similar experiences where God acts differently from what is expected of Him and that Psalm 44 should be utilized by the Church to teach its people that, they too, can bring their lament and accusations against God to God, when they feel forsaken by Him.
The Role of the Personality of the Preacher in Preaching
Authors: Chul Seung Lee David 
Published: November 2012

In this article preaching and the personality of the preacher are considered as being dialectically related to one other. Preaching, particularly, is the act of the preacher that makes the words meaningful. It seems that congregations often seem closer to the preacher than to the gospel. The real danger for the preacher is not the gospel, but his/her personality. Good preaching comes from a good personality.
‘n Kerk wat getuig, is ‘n kerk wat leef. ‘n Ekklesiologiese perspektief op die missionêre karakter van die kerk - Deel II
Authors: Dreyer D J 
Published: November 2012

In the first of these two articles we focused on the Biblical perspective of the missionary church. The focus in the second article is on the ecclesiology. It is essential to remember that the church is rooted in the kingdom of God. Jesus Christ himself and his ministry was the beginning of the kingdom of God (Mark 1:15). The church exists not for her own sake, but for the world for whom Jesus was crucified. This is the vantage point for a missionary church at the end of the Christendom paradigm. The missionary character of the church (the church as an apostolic church) and eschatology were not always in die focus of the theology of the reformed churches in the Western world. Of the four notes or marks of the church as one, holy, catholic and apostolic, apostolic is the norm for the other three. Apostolicity is a precondition and a result for the church as a missionary church. The message of a missionary church is the only real answer in the search for meaning in this world.
Die doodstraf: ’n teologiese standpunt
Authors: Du Rand Jan A 
Published: November 2012

The recent process of structural transformation on all levels of society in South Africa urges theological reflection to participate. In this instance the crucial issue of capital punishment is at stake. After a brief survey of viewpoints and arguments concerning the issue, prominent and mostly debated Biblical texts are analysed. Genesis 9:6 and Exodus 21:24, for example are read within their cultural frameworks and theological contexts. The same is done with Matthew 5:21-22; 15:4; 26:52; John 7:53-8:11 and Romans 13:1-7. The conclusion is that Old Testament references to capital punishment are to be understood contextually. A final theological decision rests on the meaning of the incarnation of Jesus Christ which put man in a new relationship with God but also to each other . That does not mean that punishment has to be is abolished as such, but any punishment has to be executed through the new God given ethos of love, demonstrated in the meaning of the incarnation of Jesus Christ.
Verbum, Theologia et Ecclesia. Some hermeneutical reflections and methodological considerations towards an integrated interpretation of the Bible
Authors: Weber B 
Published: November 2012

This article endeavours to evaluate an integrated understanding and interpretation of the Bible, which simultaneously takes cognisance of the “self-understanding” of the Bible, complies with academic standards, and is helpful to the church in its service to bring the Word of God to the (post)modern world. Therefore a “3-circles-model” has been developed, tested in the classroom and is here presented for discussion and further refinement. In this model the task of biblical exegesis is, in accordance with the three dimensions found in the Bible itself, explained as interpretation of the literary, historical and theological dimensions of the text(s). The three dimensions are hermeneutically and methodologically investigated. Some final considerations are given to the integration of the three dimensions into the whole process of interpreting the Bible.