bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Registered and Survey-based Modes of HIV Transmission in 2021-2023: cross- sectional study in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Dumchev Kostyantyn , Stepanovich-Falke Anastassiya , Lunchenkov Nikolay , Rohde Anna , Danshyna Anastasiya , Bekbolotov Aibek , Solpueva Aigul , Kenzhekarieva Aidana , Karagulova Aida , Narmatova Elmira , Varetska Olga , Bivol Stela , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer Barbara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Accurate identification of the mode of transmission (MoT) of HIV is critical for effective prevention. However, stigma associated with behaviors such as injecting drug use (IDU) and sex between men (MSM) can lead to misclassification of MoT data. This study replicates the methodology used in Ukraine to assess MoT misclassification and trends in Kyrgyzstan, with the aim of informing evidence-based epidemic control strategies.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients diagnosed with HIV in the six largest administrative units of Kyrgyzstan during the first three quarters of 2021–2023. The survey assessed pre-seroconversion HIV risk factors using self-administered, interviewer-assisted questionnaires, and HCV testing. The McNemar test compared registered and survey-based MoT, while logistic regression analyzed MoT trends over time.
Results
A total of 1,962 new HIV diagnoses were registered in the study period, of them 480 individuals completed the survey. The proportion of cases attributable to IDU and MSM was higher in the survey than in the registration system (8.1% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.001 for IDU; 14.2% vs. 11.7% p = 0.12, for MSM), whereas heterosexual MoT was lower (76.0% vs. 80.2%, p = 0.038). Selling sex was reported by 2.9%, and in combination with IDU and MSM, 23.5% of participants could be categorized into one of the three key populations. An additional 18.1% belonged to bridge populations. There was a 23% increase in the absolute number of registered patients in the corresponding periods over three years, but the MoT distribution did not change.
Conclusion
We found significant misclassification in IDU and heterosexual MoT, but not in MSM, possibly due to suboptimal survey sensitivity amid the increased stigmatization of the LGBTQI + community. At least 41% of newly registered cases in Kyrgyzstan occurred in key and bridge populations, highlighting the need for intensified prevention efforts in these groups.
Utilizing Drug Scent Mimics to Enhance Public Engagement and Awareness in Narcotics Prevention Education
Authors: Lai Alvin Cheuk Him , DU Yun Hong , LEE Theodora Wai See , HOR Catherine Hong Huan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Drug use disorders cause significant health and economic burdens globally. Effective preventive education is crucial for educating and reducing drug use in society. This study introduces an innovative approach using narcotic scent mimics (pseudoscents) to create an interactive and engaging atmosphere during anti-drug activities, thereby aiming to improve the outcome of drug preventive education. We also evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating narcotic scent mimics in enhancing public engagement and improving outcomes in preventive education.
Methods: Pseudoscent samples of commonly abused drugs were distributed at public anti-drug events, campaigns, and education seminars. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed postevent to collect feedback. From the survey, we evaluated participants' responses on the potential and effectiveness of scent mimics in enhancing their understanding of harmful narcotics and raising awareness of the consequences of drug addiction.
Results: A total of 126 respondents were included, 45% male and 55% female. The participants responded positively to this initiative. In particular, the respondents expressed general curiosity about the newly introduced drug scent mimic and found that the information derived from the pseudoscent experience was genuinely useful. These findings indicate that the use of pseudoscents in anti-drug events successfully piqued participants' curiosity and fostered public engagement for more effective anti-drug education.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that providing an interactive sensory experience effectively delivers drug preventive education messages to the public, suggesting that the use of narcotic scent mimics is an engaging and effective approach for anti-drug initiatives.
Digital guides for precise U-shaped splitting and simultaneous implant placement with minimal surgical trauma: a clinical report
Authors: Feng Xin , Wan Ziqianhong , Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Jin , Zhu Zhuoli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
U-shaped splitting technology has been proven to be an effective horizontal bone augmentation technique for patients with insufficient bone width and labial concavity. However, obtaining a suitable U-shaped bone plate based on the ideal implant site by freehand remains difficult, especially without a sufficient surgical field.
Case presentation
A 25-year-old man came to restore his right canine teeth. Since a labial bone undercut was found in region 43, a surgical procedure involving U-shaped splitting in an envelope flap with simultaneous implant placement using two digital guides was performed.
Conclusion
With the assistance of two digital guides, precise U-shaped splitting in an envelope flap can minimize surgical trauma and has a significant effect on horizontal bone augmentation.
Differences between neonatal units with high and low rates of breast milk feeding for very preterm babies at discharge: a qualitative study of staff experiences
Authors: McLeish Jenny , Aloysius Annie , Gale Chris , Quigley Maria , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Alderdice Fiona 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast milk has significant benefits for preterm babies, but ‘very preterm’ babies born before 32 weeks are less likely to receive their mother’s milk than babies born at later gestation, as mothers have to initiate and sustain lactation through expressing their milk for tube feeding until their babies can feed orally. There are wide disparities between neonatal units in England in rates of breast milk feeding at discharge. This study explored health professionals’ experiences of barriers and facilitators to their role in supporting breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies.
Methods
12 health professionals were interviewed, from four neonatal units in England with high or low rates of breast milk feeding at discharge. Interviews were analysed using comparative thematic analysis.
Results
There were notable differences between neonatal units. Five themes were developed: (1)‘The role of the infant feeding specialist’ with subthemes ‘Time allocated to infant feeding support’, ‘Supportive relationships and proactive, personalised support’, and ‘Shared responsibility for feeding support’; (2)‘Achieving a whole team approach to breast milk feeding’ with subthemes ‘Leadership and the feeding culture’, ‘Using external standards as levers’, and ‘Training for the multi-disciplinary team’; (3)‘Supporting initiation of breastfeeding’ with subthemes ‘Attitudes to early initiation’ and ‘Joined up working with postnatal ward’; (4)‘Supporting long-term expressing’ with subthemes ‘Positive feedback’, ‘Troubleshooting challenges’ and ‘Provision of breastpumps and facilities’; (5)‘Supporting the transition to breastfeeding’ with subthemes ‘Attitudes to breastfeeding’, ‘Overcoming separation of mothers and babies’, ‘Breastfeeding as the only oral feeding’, ‘Maintaining confidence without measuring volume’, and ‘Reassurance about weight gain’.
Conclusions
Effective support can be influenced by having a supernumerary post dedicated to infant feeding; strong leadership that champions breast milk feeding and breastfeeding within Family Integrated Care; maintaining accountability by using existing quality improvement tools and accredited standards for neonatal units; and training for the whole multi-disciplinary team that encourages and enables every member of staff to take an appropriate share of responsibility for consistently informing and assisting mothers with expressing and breastfeeding. Joined-up working between staff on antenatal and postnatal wards and neonatal units is important to enable integrated feeding support for the mother-baby dyad.
What supports mothers of very preterm babies to start and continue breast milk feeding neonatal units? A qualitative COM-B analysis of mothers’ experiences
Authors: McLeish Jenny , Aloysius Annie , Gale Chris , Quigley Maria , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Alderdice Fiona 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
It is challenging for mothers who give birth very preterm (before 32 weeks) to produce sufficient breast milk by expressing for weeks before their baby is able to feed from the breast, and then to transition from tube feeding to breastfeeding. Lactation is most successful when stimulated shortly after birth, established within the first few days, and maintained by expressing multiple times daily. This study explored mothers’ experiences of how breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies can be supported by staff and the facilities of a neonatal unit.
Methods
23 mothers of very preterm babies were interviewed, from four neonatal units in England with high or low rates of breast milk feeding at discharge. Interviews were analysed using the COM-B framework to consider how mothers’ behaviour (breast milk feeding and breastfeeding) is affected by capability, opportunity and motivation.
Results
Mothers’ motivation in the traumatic situation of very preterm birth was strongly affected by information from staff about the benefits of breast milk for their baby, the importance of early and frequent expressing, and how to assess the effectiveness of direct breastfeeding. It was maintained through positive feedback about their efforts which built their confidence, and reassurance about what is ‘normal’ growth when a baby begins direct breastfeeding. Motivation needed to be supported by opportunity, including access to equipment for expressing and facilities to stay near the neonatal unit, and also by capability, which required proactive and skilled information and support from staff. Specialist support and facilities varied between units, and some mothers were not given necessary information or had their motivation undermined by staff comments.
Conclusions
Interventions to increase breast milk feeding and breastfeeding for very preterm babies should address mothers’ motivation, capability and opportunity, aiming for systematic elimination of obstacles. Mothers value personalised and skilled specialist support, but also need other staff to be able to give consistent information and affirmation focused on their efforts rather than their success, with a trauma-informed approach. Investing in rooming-in facilities that minimise the separation of mothers and babies is likely to overcome a key obstacle.
Facile synthesis of ultrafine Cu, Ag, and Ni nanoparticles supported on 3D hydrogel beads for the rapid reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Yao Shuaikang , Zhao Jingkun , Shao Guolin Lin , Gao Siyu , Zhai Shangru , Xiao Zuoyi , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The development of a catalyst with high catalytic activity and selectivity remains a crucial challenge in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. In this work, we demonstrated a versatile procedure for the immobilization of ultrafine and monodispersed metal nanoparticles within 5 nm onto glutaraldehyde-crosslinked polyethyleneimine-modified calcium alginate (GLA-PEI/Ca-SA) beads. The resulting hydrogel beads underwent comprehensive characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that well-dispersed Ag, Cu, and Ni nanoparticles, each with a mean size of 3.5, 2.6, and 4.1 nm, respectively, were successfully loaded onto the surface of GLA-PEI/Ca-SA beads with a 3D interconnected honeycomb-like porous structure. Notably, the Ag/GLA-PEI/Ca-SA exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and stability, achieving over 95% conversion within 7 successive cycles towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) by NaBH4 in aqueous solution. Particularly, the Cu/GLA-PEI/Ca-SA beads displayed the highest catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-NP with a kinetic reaction rate constant of 1.56×10− 2 s− 1. We expect that this work provides a novel and effective strategy to design highly efficient catalysts across various catalytic reactions.
New ipsilateral full endoscopic interlaminar Approach for L5-S1 foraminal and extraforaminal decompression: technique description and initial case series.
Authors: Moscatelli Marco Aurélio , Vargas Antonio Roth , Lima Marcos Vaz , Komp Martin , Silva Rafael Barreto , Carvalho Márcio Oliveira Penna , Santos Juliano Rodrigues , Pokorny Gabriel , Ruetten Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The L5-S1 interlaminar access described in 2006 by Ruetten et al. represented a paradigm shift and a new perspective on endoscopic spinal approaches. Since then, the spinal community has shown that both the traditional ipsilateral and novel contralateral interlaminar approaches to the L5-S1 foramen are good alternatives to transforaminal access. This study aimed to provide a technical description and brief case series analysis of a new endoscopic foraminal and extraforaminal approach for pathologies at the lumbar L5-S1 level using a new ipsilateral interlaminar approach.
Methods
Thirty patients with degenerative stenotic conditions at the L5-S1 disc level underwent the modified interlaminar approach. The surgical time, blood loss, occurrence of complications, and clinical outcomes were recorded. The data were compiled in Excel and analyzed using R software version 4.2. All continuous variables are presented as the mean, median, minimum, and maximal ranges. For categorical variables, data are described as counts and percentages.
Results
Thirty patients were included in the study. The cohort showed significant improvements in all quality-of-life scores (ODI, visual analog scale of back pain, and visual analog scale of leg pain). Five cases of postoperative numbness and three cases of postoperative dysesthesia have been reported. No case of durotomy or leg weakness has been reported.
Conclusions
The fundamental change proposed by this procedure, the new ipsilateral approach, presents potential advantages to surgeons by overcoming anatomical challenges at the L5-S1 level and by providing surgeon-friendly visualization and access. This approach allows for extensive foraminal and extraforaminal decompression, including the removal of hernias and osteophytosis, without causing neural retraction of the L5-S1 roots while maintaining the stability of the operated level.
Multicenter epidemiological survey and analysis of related factors in 10,808 hospitalized children with lower limb and pelvic fractures in China
Authors: Qiu Xin , Zhu Tianfeng , Deng Hansheng , Chen Jianlin , Feng Haoran , Huang Zilong , Li Jiahui , Wang Xinyu , Liu Shizhe , Wang Shuaiyin , Gu Zhenkun , Wu Zhengyu , Yang Qisong , Liu Gen , Feng Guoshuang , Sechi Leonardo , Caggiari Gianfilippo , You Chao , Fu Guibing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the causes, locations, associated injuries, and relevant factors of lower limb and pelvic fractures in Chinese children to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of such fractures.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of children with lower limb and pelvic fractures admitted to 27 tertiary children's hospitals affiliated with China's Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development between December 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019, was conducted. Inpatient cases were analyzed in the following age groups: Infants (＜2 years), Preschool children (2-5years), School children (6-11years), and Adolescents (12-18 years).
Results: This study included 10,808 pediatric patients (7,152 males, 3,656 females). The proportion of preschool children of lower limb and pelvic fractures is the highest. Of the total patients, 14, 398 had lower limb and pelvic fracture sites. The shafts of the femur, tibia, and fibula, the distal tibia, distal fibula, and the pelvis were the six most common locations. Of the 734 pelvic fractures in children and adolescents, the top three locations were the ilium, pubic bone, and the ischium. Of the total patients, 9,599 underwent surgery, while 1,209 received non-surgical treatment. The three most common causes of pediatric lower limb and pelvic fractures were falling over, traffic accidents, and falling from a height. Concomitant trauma to other systems, in 1,806 cases, had respiratory trauma as the most common; the top three conditions were pulmonary contusions, traumatic pneumonia, and pneumothorax. Concomitant nervous system trauma had scalp hematoma, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage as the top three conditions. Concomitant digestive trauma had traumatic liver, splenic, and pancreatic injuries as the top three conditions. Concomitant urinary trauma had traumatic renal, urethral, and perineal injuries as the top three conditions. Concomitant circulatory trauma was in 36 cases.
Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics of lower-limb and pelvic fractures in children provide valuable information. Implementing appropriate and effective preventive measures is crucial for preventing the occurrence of lower limb and pelvic fractures in children. The treatment and management of pelvic fractures and the associated multi-system injuries resulting from high-energy trauma in children require interdisciplinary teamwork to minimize the risk of mortality in the affected children.
Detection of H. pylori IgA and IgG in serum and saliva collected from health care individuals suffering from gastrointestinal disorders with correlation to individual hygiene and parasitic infections
Authors: Hassanein Faika , Abdel-Latif Mohamed S. , Shehata Amany I 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Gastrointestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals are very common due to several risk factors including inappropriate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle. This study is the first cross sectional study that stratified the healthcare individuals to correlate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle with gastrointestinal microbial infections. Moreover, this study compared the levels of H. pylori antibodies (IgG and IgA) in serum and saliva trying to find a surrogate non-invasive method for detection of H. pylori antibodies.
Methods
Two hundred healthcare individuals (HCIs) suffering from gastritis were enrolled. The HCIs included hospital workers, employees, nursing students, nurses, and doctors. Blood, saliva, and stool samples were collected from HCIs after obtaining their informed consent for microbial infection investigations.
Results
Data revealed a high rate of intestinal microbial infections among healthcare individuals. Some cases have single, double, triple microbial infection or even more. The highest rates of infection were detected among workers and nurses, followed by employees and nursing students; in contrast, the lowest rate of infection was detected among doctors. Moreover, data revealed the inappropriate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle increase the incidence of high risk for microbial infections. Also, results showed that the levels of H. pylori antibodies are similar in serum and saliva samples.
Conclusion
Inappropriate personal hygiene and socio-economic lifestyle of healthcare individuals are directly correlated with the increased risk of gastrointestinal microbial infections. Moreover, the current study concluded that salivary immunoglobulins could be used as a non-invasive surrogate for the detection of H. pylori infection.
Potential factors that influence the occurrence of trans fatty acids in fried foods: a case study on plantain chips sold within the Accra Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Addo Phyllis , Chen Jinyao , Zheng Bo , Li Xiaomeng , Zhang Lishi , Tano-Debrah Kwaku 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) are largely unregulated in Ghana despite known health risks. However, data on TFA levels in Ghanaian foods, especially in deep-fried snacks, are lacking, even though suboptimal frying, a common practice among food vendors, may contribute to TFA formation. This study assessed the TFA content in plantain chips, a popular deep-fried snack, using gas chromatography with a flame-ionizing detector (GC-FID) to fill this knowledge gap. A total of 120 plantain chip samples were statistically acquired from various processors and vendors in the Accra Metropolis, and the total fat and TFA concentrations were quantified. Additionally, a survey was conducted on 30 commercial plantain chip processors via in-depth interviews. The fat content of the plantain chips ranged from 26.0 g to 30.9 g/100 g, with TFA concentrations varying between 1.41 g and 2.88 g/100 g fat and 0.41 g and 0.78 g/100 g food. Seven trans isomers of oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were detected in all the food samples, at varying concentrations. The specific isomers identified included one from OA (t9-C18:1), two from LA (c9, t12-C18:2; t9, c12-C18:2), and four from ALA (c9, c12, t15-C18:3; c9, t12, t15-C18:3; c9, t12, c15-C18:3; t9, c12, c15-C18:3; and t9, c12, c15-C18:3). Almost all (97%) commercial plantain chip processors admitted to reusing oils four or more times before disposal and reported using different types of oils, primarily refined, bleached deodorized palm olein and soybean-based oils. The reuse of oils and the types of oil used were identified as contributing factors influencing TFA occurrence in the snack. Stricter regulations on oil usage in food processing are needed to minimize TFAs in Ghanaian foods.
Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite membrane using zinc chloride hydrate as a solvent for biomedical application
Authors: Pichaiaukrit Woradej , Chanamuangkon Theerapat , Chumprasert Sujin , Sae-ear Pannagorn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol are used in various biomedical applications because they are non-toxic and biocompatible. There are many methods to composite these polymers, such as thermal cycling, immersion using glutaraldehyde–acetone solution, cast drying, and in situ. The objective of this study was to fabricate the composite membrane by blend bacterial cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol which were dissolved in zinc chloride hydrtae at the ratio 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 by weight and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde-acetone solution. The composite membrane was examined physical appearance by macroscopic and scanning electron microscope, chemical composition by fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope, water absorption ability, wettability by contact angle measurement, and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. At the ratio 1:1 and polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in ZnCl2·12H2O, the result demonstrated that the membrane did not show shrinkage or folding at the periphery and presented the highest water absorption ability and good wettability; however, it showed cytotoxic. In conclusion, this study accomplished fabricating the bacterial cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol composite membrane from a zinc chloride-based solution. Moreover, the further study will be conducted to fabricate the non-toxic composite membrane by using another crosslink agent for biomedical application.