bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volunteerism, compassion and religiosity as drivers of donations practices
Authors: de Abreu Madalena Eça , Laureano Raul M. S. , da Silva Rui Vinhas , Dionísio Pedro 
Published: May 2015

The topic of donations is one of high relevance and has been widely covered in contemporary marketing literature. It is a topic of interest to both theoreticians and practitioners alike, particularly due to its implicit links to fundraising activities and research. The reality of what makes an individual donor ultimately part with his money and give it away to a nonprofit organization is a hot contemporary topic. This study looks into the role of religiosity as a predictor of donations practices. Also volunteerism and compassion, two acts of pro‐social behaviour are analysed as predictors of donations practices. Using data collected from a survey of 612 charity donors in Portugal, the results show unequivocally that religiosity does influence donations practices, and so being a predictor of donations practices. Moreover, pro‐social behaviour is a predictor of donations practices when in the case of volunteerism, but not in the form of compassion.
The findings are particularly useful for nonprofit organizations that want to attract and retain individual charitable donors and may also help to increase donation regularity, to obtain higher amounts, and donations both to religious and to secular organizations. Finally, it can be stated that the understanding of religiosity sheds light on knowledge about donations practices, and that this study also makes an important contribution to academia, as it is the first study conducted in Portugal that assesses the drivers of donations practices.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced insulin sensitivity in childhood survivors of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with lipodystropic and sarcopenic phenotypes
Authors: Wei Christina , Thyagiarajan Manigandan S. , Hunt Linda P. , Shield Julian P.H. , Stevens Michael C.G. , Crowne Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundSurvivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and total body irradiation (HSCT/TBI) have a high cardiometabolic risk despite lacking overt clinical obesity. This study characterised body composition using different methodologies and explored associations with reduced insulin sensitivities in a group of ALL survivors treated with/without HSCT/TBI.ProcedureSurvivors of childhood ALL treated with HSCT/TBI (n = 20,10 M) were compared with Chemotherapy‐only (n = 31), and an obese non‐leukaemic controls (n = 30). All subjects (aged 16–26 years) were investigated with: auxology (BMI, waist and hip circumferences), DEXA (total and regional fat, fat‐free mass), abdominal MRI (subcutaneous, visceral, intramuscular fat), oral glucose tolerance tests (impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, insulin sensitivity) and serum adiponectin.ResultsHSCT/TBI Group displayed a higher prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (45%); lower insulin sensitivity; lower lean mass with higher prevalence of reduced fat‐free mass index (from DEXA); higher visceral and intramuscular, and lower subcutaneous fat on MRI, compared with the Chemotherapy‐only and Obese controls. BMI was lowest in HSCT/TBI Group. Waist‐to‐hip and android‐to‐gynoid ratios were similar between HSCT/TBI and Obese Groups. Insulin sensitivity adjusted for visceral fat mass was lower in the HSCT/TBI than the Chemotherapy‐only and Obese groups. Adiponectin in the HSCT/TBI Group was lower than the Chemotherapy‐only group, and correlated negatively with time post HSCT/TBI.ConclusionsHSCT/TBI survivors have an increased risk of abnormal glucose tolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity with reduced subcutaneous and increased visceral fat distribution, increased total fat mass and reduced lean mass. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical vapor deposition and analysis of thermally insulating ZrO2 layers on injection molds
Authors: Atakan Burak , Khlopyanova Victoria , Mausberg Simon , Mumme Frank , Kandzia Adrian , Pflitsch Christian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHigh quality injection molding requires a precise control of cooling rates. Thermal barrier coating (TBC) of zirconia with a thickness of 20‐40 µm on polished stainless steel molds could provide the necessary insulating effect. This paper presents results of zirconia deposition on stainless steel substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) aiming to provide the process parameters for the deposition of uniform zirconia films with such a thickness. The deposition was performed with zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate (Zr(C5H7O2)4) as precursor and synthetic air as co‐reactant, which allows deposition at temperatures below 600 °C. The experiments were carried out in a hot‐wall reactor at pressures between 7.5 mbar and 500 mbar and in a temperature range from 450 °C to 600 °C. Important growth parameters were characterized and growth rates between 1 and 2.5 µm/h were achieved. Thick and well adhering zirconia layers of 38 µm could be produced on steel within 40 h. The transient heat transfer rate upon contact with a hot surface was also evaluated experimentally with the thickest coatings. These exhibit a good TBC performance. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relationship Between Emotional Behavior in Mice and the Concentration of (+)‐α‐Santalol in the Brain
Authors: Satou Tadaaki , Ogawa Yuko , Koike Kazuo 
Published: May 2015

We previously reported finding anxiolytic‐like activity for sandalwood oil after administration in mice. In this report, we further investigated the emotional behavior associated with inhaled or intraperitoneally administered (+)‐α‐santalol, the main component of sandalwood oil, in addition to examining whether pharmacological or neurological transfers are responsible for this behavior. After administration of (+)‐α‐santalol by inhalation or intraperitoneal injection, we assessed anxiolytic‐like and locomotor activities using elevated‐plus maze tests. We also examined the relationship between the emotional behavior and the (+)‐α‐santalol brain concentration.Anxiolytic‐like activity was not observed immediately after administration or after water‐immersion stress for 24 h for either the (+)‐α‐santalol 2 μL/L air inhalation or the (+)‐α‐santalol 0.03 mL/kg (i.p.) administration. However, mice administered (+)‐α‐santalol 0.03 mL/kg intraperitoneally exhibited a significant decrease in the locomotor activity after exposure to water‐immersion stress for 24 h. The brain (+)‐α‐santalol concentration was 2.6 µg/g tissue after (+)‐α‐santalol 0.03 mL/kg (i.p.) administration.The observed shift of (+)‐α‐santalol to the brain suggests that this component acts via pharmacological transfer and is responsible for the sedative effect but not the anxiolytic‐like activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoothing using fractional polynomials: an alternative to polynomials and splines in applied research
Authors: Regier Michael David , Parker R. David 
Published: May 2015

The fractional polynomial regression model is an emerging tool in applied research. Overcoming inherent problems associated with a polynomial expansion and splines, fractional polynomial models provide an alternate approach for modeling nonlinear relationships. In this article, we introduce the univariable and multivariable fractional polynomial model and highlight important aspects of their construction. Because of the curvilinear nature of fractional polynomial models, functional tables and functional plots are emphasized for model interpretation. We present two examples to illustrate fractional polynomial models for their selection and interpretation in applied research.WIREs Comput Stat2015, 7:275–283. doi: 10.1002/wics.1355This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density EstimationStatistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling MethodsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Transformations
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Three Metal‐Organic Frameworks Constructed from a C3‐Symmetrical Tricarboxylic Acid
Authors: Alfooty Khalid , He Yabing , Fronczek Frank R. , Chen Banglin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree coordination polymers were synthesized by solvothermal reaction of a C3‐symmetrical organic ligand and metal ions (Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the compounds consist of trinuclear secondary building blocks connected by the organic linkers to form two‐dimensional layers, which are packed together to form the final architectures, although they crystallized in the different space groups.
Incidence and predictors of cognitive impairment and dementia in Aboriginal Australians: A follow‐up study of 5 years
Authors: Lo Giudice Dina , Smith Kate , Fenner Stephen , Hyde Zoë , Atkinson David , Skeaf Linda , Malay Roslyn , Flicker Leon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntroductionAboriginal Australians are reported to develop dementia earlier than the general population. The causes remain unknown.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study of 363 participants aged ≥45 years. Consensus diagnoses were established for cognitive impairment or dementia.ResultsAt follow‐up, 189 people (mean ± standard deviation age, 65.4 ± 10.3 years) participated, as 109 (30%) had died and 65 (18%) were unavailable. The incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia was 52.6 (95% confidence interval 33.9, 81.5) per 1000 person‐years (380.3 total person‐years) and for dementia was 21.0 (10.5, 42.1) per 1000 person‐years (380.3 person‐years total) over the age 60 years. Longitudinal risk factors associated with a decline from normal cognition to impairment were age and head injury. Other associations with cognitive decline were stroke, head injury, nonaspirin analgesics, lower BMI, and higher systolic BP.DiscussionDementia incidence in Aboriginal Australians is among the highest in the world, and is associated with age and head injury.
Affective Politics after 9/11
Authors: Hall Todd H. , Ross Andrew A.G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAffect and emotion are key elements of our lived experience as human beings but currently play little role in how we theorize actorhood in international relations. We offer six amendments for integrating affective dynamics into existing conceptions of individual-level actorhood in IR. From these amendments emerge the theoretical micro-foundations upon which we build propositions concerning potential collective-level affective dynamics and political strategies. We illustrate the analytical payoff of our proposals by examining the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. By amending existing understandings of actorhood to include human affective experience, we can integrate and make sense of a variety of psychological, social, and political consequences stemming from the attacks, both within the United States and internationally.
Salvador Allende and the International Monetary Fund, 1970–1973: TheDepoliticisationandTechnocratisationof Cold War Relations
Authors: KEDAR CLAUDIA 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article unveils the continuous and productive relationship that developed between Chile and the IMF during Salvador Allende's presidency (1970–73). This counter-intuitive relationship was made possible by the systematicdepoliticisationandtechnocratisationof the ties between them. By downplaying ideological discrepancies and keeping a high degree of autonomy, the IMF and Chilean technocrats blurred rigid Cold War divides and circumvented the US-imposed embargo against Allende's regime. The examination of this relationship sheds new light on Allende's positioning in the international arena and provides a unique prism to reconsider dichotomist perceptions of the Cold War in Latin America.
On time or fashionably late for lichen discoveries in Singapore? Seven new species and nineteen new records of Graphidaceae from the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, a highly urbanized tropical environment in South-East Asia
Authors: Weerakoon Gothamie , Ngo Kang Min , Lum Shawn , Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Lücking Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBased on collections focusing on Graphidaceae made in 2012 at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore, seven new species are described: Astrochapsa sipmanii, differing from A. astroidea in the olive-brown thallus and thick and coarse apothecial pruina; Fissurina duplomarginata, differing from F. insidiosa by the double margin of the lirellae and the more greenish, rough thallus; Graphis bukittimaensis, differing from G. phaeospora in the erumpent lirellae with lateral thalline margin and the consistently 1-spored asci; G. singaporensis, differing from G. novopalmicola in the much smaller ascospores and in the immersed, densely branched lirellae with thin lateral thalline margin; Ocellularia subudupiensis, differing from O. udupiensis in the presence of three unknown secondary substances and in the comparatively rough thallus surface; O. gueidaniana, characterized by small, transversely septate, hyaline ascospores, prominent, carbonized but ecolumellate apothecia, and two unknown chemical substances resembling metabolites in the stictic acid chemosyndrome; and O. rivasplatana, differing from O. exigua in the larger, broad-pored apothecia with black-rimmed margin and filled with a black-topped columella. Nineteen species are recognized as new records for Singapore. The substantial diversity of Graphidaceae in this reserve suggests that many more taxa are awaiting discovery, even in such a highly urbanized location.
Devolution and Local Cohesion Policy: Bureaucratic Obstacles to Policy Integration in Italy
Authors: CATALANO SERIDA L. , GRAZIANO PAOLO R. , BASSOLI MATTEO 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article analyses and compares the multi-dimensional co-ordination of employment and social policies at the Italian local level, especially focusing on the policy implementation stage. It departs from developing a theoretical framework to take into account the crucial variables that might potentially impact on the co-ordination of social cohesion policies. In particular, following a neo-institutionalist approach, great emphasis is placed on the legacy of the Weberian bureaucratic model, and its implied ‘specialisation ethos’. In addition, the effect of other contextual variables, such us social capital and the rate of unemployment, are considered.The empirical analysis confirms the crucial impact of the specialisation ethos in preventing inter-policy co-ordination from occurring at the Italian local level, and the relevance of other contextual variables in causing policy integrationwithinservices, rather thanbetweenservices.
Productivity links morphology, symbiont specificity and bleaching in the evolution of Caribbean octocoral symbioses
Authors: Baker David M , Freeman Christopher J , Knowlton Nancy , Thacker Robert W , Kim Kiho , Fogel Marilyn L 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Many cnidarians host endosymbiotic dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium. It is generally assumed that the symbiosis is mutualistic, where the host benefits from symbiont photosynthesis while providing protection and photosynthetic substrates. Diverse assemblages of symbiotic gorgonian octocorals can be found in hard bottom communities throughout the Caribbean. While current research has focused on the phylo- and population genetics of gorgonian symbiont types and their photo-physiology, relatively less work has focused on biogeochemical benefits conferred to the host and how these benefits vary across host species. Here we examine this symbiosis among 11 gorgonian species collected in Bocas del Toro, Panama. By coupling light and dark bottle incubations (P/R) with 13C-bicarbonate tracers, we quantified the link between holobiont oxygen metabolism with carbon assimilation and translocation from symbiont to host. Our data show that P/R varied among species, and was correlated with colony morphology and polyp size. Sea fans and sea plumes were net autotrophs (P/R&gt;1.5), while nine species of sea rods were net heterotrophs with most below compensation (P/R&lt;1.0). 13C assimilation corroborated the P/R results, and maximum δ13Chost values were strongly correlated with polyp size, indicating higher productivity by colonies with high polyp SA:V. A survey of gorgonian-Symbiodinium associations revealed that productive species maintain specialized, obligate symbioses and are more resistant to coral bleaching, whereas generalist and facultative associations are common among sea rods that have higher bleaching sensitivities. Overall, productivity and polyp size had strong phylogenetic signals with carbon fixation and polyp size showing evidence of trait covariance.
Allele-specific analysis of DNA replication origins in mammalian cells
Authors: Bartholdy Boris , Mukhopadhyay Rituparna , Lajugie Julien , Aladjem Mirit I. , Bouhassira Eric E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms that control the location and timing of firing of replication origins are poorly understood. Using a novel functional genomic approach based on the analysis of SNPs and indels in phased human genomes, we observe that replication asynchrony is associated with small cumulative variations in the initiation efficiency of multiple origins between the chromosome homologues, rather than with the activation of dormant origins. Allele-specific measurements demonstrate that the presence of G-quadruplex-forming sequences does not correlate with the efficiency of initiation. Sequence analysis reveals that the origins are highly enriched in sequences with profoundly asymmetric G/C and A/T nucleotide distributions and are almost completely depleted of antiparallel triplex-forming sequences. We therefore propose that although G4-forming sequences are abundant in replication origins, an asymmetry in nucleotide distribution, which increases the propensity of origins to unwind and adopt non-B DNA structure, rather than the ability to form G4, is directly associated with origin activity.
Exposure to a youthful circulation rejuvenates bone repair through modulation of β-catenin
Authors: Baht Gurpreet S. , Silkstone David , Vi Linda , Nadesan Puviindran , Amani Yasha , Whetstone Heather , Wei Qingxia , Alman Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe capacity for tissues to repair and regenerate diminishes with age. We sought to determine the age-dependent contribution of native mesenchymal cells and circulating factors onin vivobone repair. Here we show that exposure to youthful circulation by heterochronic parabiosis reverses the aged fracture repair phenotype and the diminished osteoblastic differentiation capacity of old animals. This rejuvenation effect is recapitulated by engraftment of young haematopoietic cells into old animals. During rejuvenation, β-catenin signalling, a pathway important in osteoblast differentiation, is modulated in the early repair process and required for rejuvenation of the aged phenotype. Temporal reduction of β-catenin signalling during early fracture repair improves bone healing in old mice. Our data indicate that young haematopoietic cells have the capacity to rejuvenate bone repair and this is mediated at least in part through β-catenin, raising the possibility that agents that modulate β-catenin can improve the pace or quality of fracture repair in the ageing population.
Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing
Authors: Batini Chiara , Hallast Pille , Zadik Daniel , Delser Pierpaolo Maisano , Benazzo Andrea , Ghirotto Silvia , Arroyo-Pardo Eduardo , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , de Knijff Peter , Dupuy Berit Myhre , Eriksen Heidi A. , King Turi E. , de Munain Adolfo López , López-Parra Ana M. , Loutradis Aphrodite , Milasin Jelena , Novelletto Andrea , Pamjav Horolma , Sajantila Antti , Tolun Aslıhan , Winney Bruce , Jobling Mark A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers ∼10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting for 64% of our sample, have very recent coalescent times, ranging between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A continuous swathe of 13/17 populations share similar histories featuring a demographic expansion starting ∼2.1–4.2 KYA. Our results are compatible with ancient MSY DNA data, and contrast with data on mitochondrial DNA, indicating a widespread male-specific phenomenon that focuses interest on the social structure of Bronze Age Europe.
Genome analysis of Excretory/Secretory proteins in Taenia solium reveals their Abundance of Antigenic Regions (AAR)
Authors: Gomez Sandra , Adalid-Peralta Laura , Palafox-Fonseca Hector , Cantu-Robles Vito Adrian , Soberón Xavier , Sciutto Edda , Fragoso Gladis , Bobes Raúl J. , Laclette Juan P. , Yauner Luis del Pozo , Ochoa-Leyva Adrián 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExcretory/Secretory (ES) proteins play an important role in the host-parasite interactions. Experimental identification of ES proteins is time-consuming and expensive. Alternative bioinformatics approaches are cost-effective and can be used to prioritize the experimental analysis of therapeutic targets for parasitic diseases. Here we predicted and functionally annotated the ES proteins in T. solium genome using an integration of bioinformatics tools. Additionally, we developed a novel measurement to evaluate the potential antigenicity of T. solium secretome using sequence length and number of antigenic regions of ES proteins. This measurement was formalized as the Abundance of Antigenic Regions (AAR) value. AAR value for secretome showed a similar value to that obtained for a set of experimentally determined antigenic proteins and was different to the calculated value for the non-ES proteins of T. solium genome. Furthermore, we calculated the AAR values for known helminth secretomes and they were similar to that obtained for T. solium. The results reveal the utility of AAR value as a novel genomic measurement to evaluate the potential antigenicity of secretomes. This comprehensive analysis of T. solium secretome provides functional information for future experimental studies, including the identification of novel ES proteins of therapeutic, diagnosis and immunological interest.
Improving Network Structure can lead to Functional Failures
Authors: Pade Jan Philipp , Pereira Tiago 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn many real-world networks the ability to synchronize is a key property for their performance. Recent work on undirected networks with diffusive interaction revealed that improvements in the network connectivity such as making the network more connected and homogeneous enhances synchronization. However, real-world networks have directed and weighted connections. In such directed networks, understanding the impact of structural changes on the network performance remains a major challenge. Here, we show that improving the structure of a directed network can lead to a failure in the network function. For instance, introducing new links to reduce the minimum distance between nodes can lead to instabilities in the synchronized motion. This effect only occurs in directed networks. Our results allow to identify the dynamical importance of a link and thereby have a major impact on the design and control of directed networks.