bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Medication Regimens is an Effective Indicator of Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Mizokami Fumihiro , Mase Hiroki , Kinoshita Tomoyasu , Kumagai Takahiro , Furuta Katsunori , Ito Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2015

Background: Cognitive abilities strongly influence medication adherence among elderly individuals. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between medication adherence and cognitive decline using Lawton’s instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scoring system and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Methods: Receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the IADL scores and MMSE results. Results: The ROC curve analysis of the IADL and MMSE results revealed that the shopping (MMSE cutoff = 22 points, sensitivity = 0.726, and specificity = 0.683) and responsibility for own medications (MMSE cutoff = 22 points, sensitivity = 0.759, and specificity = 0.720) categories were associated with declining IADL scores during early stage cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: Declining IADL scores in the shopping and responsibility for own medications categories may be effective indices for predicting early-stage cognitive dysfunction in elderly individuals. Cognitive dysfunction screening at pharmacy counters may be useful.
Influence of different doses of trospium and solifenacin on manageability of OAB symptoms with different severity in elderly men and women
Authors: Kosilov Kirill V , Loparev Sergey A , Ivanovskaya Marina A , Kosilova Liliya V 
Published: August 2015

Objective: We studied the rationale for using standard and increased dosages of solifenacin and trospium against overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms of different severity among elderly patients. Methods: A total of 327 patients took part in the study: 199 women and 128 men older than 65 years (median age 69.1). The state of the lower urinary tracts was estimated by cystometry, ICIQ-SF and bladder diaries. Frequency of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) was taken as a criterion of OAB symptom severity. Result: Administration of double-dosed trospium and solifenacin leads to decrease of frequency of UUI both in the group with severe symptoms (B1: 6.1 (0.5) →2.4 (0.9), p ⩽ 0.05), and in the group with moderate symptoms of OAB (A1: 2.8 (0.8) →0.5 (0.4), p ⩽ 0.001). Under a combination of trospium and solifenacin in doses recommended by manufacturers, UUI decreased authentically in the group with moderate symptoms (A2: 2.9 (0.5) →0.9 (0.5), p ⩽ 0.05) and unauthentically in the group with severe symptoms of detrusor dysfunction (B2: 7.0 (1.2) → 4.3 (1.5), p ⩾ 0.05). During the experiment six patients (1.8%) elected not to participate because of intolerable adverse events. Forty-seven more individuals (14.4%) felt adverse effects, among which the most frequent were: xerostomia (15 patients or 4.6%), faintness (nine patients or 3.8%), dryness of integuments (six patients or 1.8%). Conclusion: A standard-dose combination of solifenacin and trospium in older patients with moderate symptoms of OAB enables a good therapeutic effect in a short time without increasing risk of side effects. High therapeutic doses of antimuscarinic drugs are reasonable for older men and women with severe symptoms of OAB. Increasing the dose of simultaneous use of solifenacin and trospium yields a good therapeutic effect to correct UUI; however, it raises the hazard of appearance of adverse effects. The number of side effects in the group of elderly individuals who were taking the combination of increased and standard dosages of solifenacin and trospium does not significantly differ.
Fibrin activates GPVI in human and mouse platelets
Authors: Alshehri Osama M. , Hughes Craig E. , Montague Samantha , Watson Stephanie K. , Frampton Jon , Bender Markus , Watson Steve P. 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsFibrin is a novel ligand for the platelet collagen receptor, GPVI, increasing platelet procoagulant activity. Activation of GPVI by fibrin contributes to thrombus growth and stabilization.
A consensus definition and rating scale for minimalist shoes
Authors: Esculier Jean‐Francois , Dubois Blaise , Dionne Clermont E. , Leblond Jean , Roy Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundWhile minimalist running shoes may have an influence on running biomechanics and on the incidence of overuse injuries, the term “minimalist” is currently used without standardisation. The objectives of this study were to reach a consensus on a standard definition of minimalist running shoes, and to develop and validate a rating scale that could be used to determine the degree of minimalism of running shoes, the Minimalist Index (MI).MethodsFor this modified Delphi study, 42 experts from 11 countries completed four electronic questionnaires on an optimal definition of minimalist shoes and on elements to include within the MI. Once MI was developed following consensus, 85 participants subjectively ranked randomly assigned footwear models from the most to the least minimalist and rated their degree of minimalism using visual analog scales (VAS), before evaluating the same footwear models using MI. A subsample of thirty participants reassessed the same shoes on another occasion. Construct validity and inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]; Gwet's AC1) of MI were evaluated.ResultsThe following definition of minimalist shoes was agreed upon by 95 % of participants: “Footwear providing minimal interference with the natural movement of the foot due to its high flexibility, low heel to toe drop, weight and stack height, and the absence of motion control and stability devices”. Characteristics to be included in MI were weight, flexibility, heel to toe drop, stack height and motion control/stability devices, each subscale carrying equal weighing (20 %) on final score. Total MI score was highly correlated with VAS (r = 0.91). A significant rank effect (p < 0.001) confirmed the MI's discriminative validity. Excellent intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was found for total MI score (ICC = 0.84‐0.99) and for weight, stack height, heel to toe drop and flexibility subscales (AC1 = 0.82‐0.99), while good inter‐rater reliability was found for technologies (AC1 = 0.73).ConclusionThis standardised definition of minimalist shoes developed by an international panel of experts will improve future research on minimalist shoes and clinical recommendations. MI's adequate validity and reliability will allow distinguishing running shoes based on their degree of minimalism, and may help to decrease injuries related to footwear transition.
Mathematical programming for the sum of two convex functions with applications to lasso problem, split feasibility problems, and image deblurring problem
Authors: Chuang Chih Sheng , Yu Zenn-Tsun , Lin Lai-Jiu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, two iteration processes are used to find the solutions of the mathematical programming for the sum of two convex functions. In infinite Hilbert space, we establish two strong convergence theorems as regards this problem. As applications of our results, we give strong convergence theorems as regards the split feasibility problem with modified CQ method, strong convergence theorem as regards the lasso problem, and strong convergence theorems for the mathematical programming with a modified proximal point algorithm and a modified gradient-projection method in the infinite dimensional Hilbert space. We also apply our result on the lasso problem to the image deblurring problem. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate our results. The main result of this paper entails a unified study of many types of optimization problems. Our algorithms to solve these problems are different from any results in the literature. Some results of this paper are original and some results of this paper improve, extend, and unify comparable results in existence in the literature.
Comorbidity Burden at Dialysis Initiation and Mortality: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gomez Alwyn T , Kiberd Bryce A , Royston J Patrick , Alfaadhel Talal , Soroka Steven D , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Tennankore Karthik K 
Published: August 2015

Background: A high level of comorbidity at dialysis initiation is associated with an increased risk of death. However, contemporary assessments of the validity and prognostic value of comorbidity indices are lacking. Objectives: To assess the validity of two comorbidity indices and to determine if a high degree of comorbidity is associated with mortality among dialysis patients. Design: Cohort study. Setting: QEII Health Sciences Centre (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada). Patients: Incident, chronic dialysis patients between 01 Jan 2006 and 01 Jul 2013. Measurements: Exposure: The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and End-Stage Renal Disease Comorbidity Index (ESRD-CI) were used to classify individual comorbid conditions into an overall score. Comorbidities were classified using patient charts and electronic records. Outcome: All-cause mortality. Confounders: Patient demographics, dialysis access, cause of ESRD and baseline laboratory data. Methods: Regression coefficients were estimated on the CCI and ESRD-CI. Discrimination for death was assessed using Harrell's c-index. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative hazards and 95 % confidence intervals for each category of the CCI and ESRD-CI. Results: The cohort consisted of 771 ESRD patients from 01 Jan 2006 to 01 Jul 2013. Most were male (62 %) and Caucasian (91 %). The cohort had a high proportion of diabetes (48 %), history of previous myocardial infarction (31 %) and heart failure (22 %). Regression coefficients on the CCI and ESRD-CI were 0.55 and 0.52, respectively. The c-index, for the prediction of death, was 0.61 for the CCI and 0.63 for the ESRD-CI. ESRD-CI scores of 4, 5 and ≥6 were associated with a similar mortality risk (adjusted relative hazard of 1.95, 1.89 and 1.99, respectively). There was a small increased mortality risk for CCI scores of 4, 5 and ≥6 (adjusted relative hazard of 1.86, 2.38 and 2.71, respectively). Limitations: Classification of comorbidities for each patient was determined by clinical impression. Conclusions: The CCI and ESRD-CI have a limited ability to discriminate mortality risk for incident dialysis patients. Acknowledging the frequency with which they are used, this study emphasizes the need to re-examine the usefulness of previously derived comorbidity indices in contemporary dialysis cohorts.
Clinical Course of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy: Results From the Randomized Phase III Trial N08CB (Alliance)
Authors: Pachman Deirdre R. , Qin Rui , Seisler Drew K. , Smith Ellen M.L. , Beutler Andreas S. , Ta Lauren E. , Lafky Jacqueline M. , Wagner-Johnston Nina D. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Dakhil Shaker , Staff Nathan P. , Grothey Axel , Loprinzi Charles L. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Given that the clinical course of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy is not well defined, the current study was performed to better understand clinical parameters associated with its presentation. Methods Acute and chronic neuropathy was evaluated in patients receiving adjuvant FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) on study N08CB (North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Alliance). Acute neuropathy was assessed by having patients complete daily questionnaires for 6 days with each cycle of FOLFOX. Before each dose of FOLFOX and as long as 18 months after chemotherapy cessation, chronic neurotoxicity was assessed with use of the 20-item, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Results Three hundred eight (89%) of the 346 patients had at least one symptom of acute neuropathy with the first cycle of FOLFOX; these symptoms included sensitivity to touching cold items (71%), sensitivity to swallowing cold items (71%), throat discomfort (63%), or muscle cramps (42%). Acute symptoms peaked at day 3 and improved, although they did not always resolve completely between treatments. These symptoms were about twice as severe in cycles 2 through 12 as they were in cycle 1. For chronic neurotoxicity, tingling was the most severe symptom, followed by numbness and then pain. During chemotherapy, symptoms in the hands were more prominent than they were in the feet; by 18 months, symptoms were more severe in the feet than they were in the hands. Patients with more severe acute neuropathy during the first cycle of therapy experienced more chronic sensory neurotoxicity (P < .0001). Conclusion Acute oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy symptoms do not always completely resolve between treatment cycles and are only half as severe on the first cycle as compared with subsequent cycles. There is a correlation between the severities of acute and chronic neuropathies.
Randomized, Double-Blind Phase II Trial With Prospective Classification by ATM Protein Level to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Olaparib Plus Paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Bang Yung-Jue , Im Seock-Ah , Lee Keun-Wook , Cho Jae Yong , Song Eun-Kee , Lee Kyung Hee , Kim Yeul Hong , Park Joon Oh , Chun Hoo Geun , Zang Dae Young , Fielding Anitra , Rowbottom Jacqui , Hodgson Darren , O'Connor Mark J. , Yin Xiaolu , Kim Woo Ho 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Gastric cancer cell lines, particularly those with low levels of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a key activator of DNA damage response, are sensitive to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib. We compared the efficacy of olaparib plus paclitaxel (olaparib/paclitaxel) with paclitaxel alone in patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer and assessed whether low ATM expression is predictive of improved clinical outcome for olaparib/paclitaxel. Patients and Methods In this phase II, double-blind study (Study 39; NCT01063517), patients were randomly assigned to oral olaparib 100 mg twice per day (tablets) plus paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 per day intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle) or placebo plus paclitaxel (placebo/paclitaxel), followed by maintenance monotherapy with olaparib (200 mg twice per day) or placebo. The study population was enriched to 50% for patients with low or undetectable ATM levels (ATMlow). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Results One hundred twenty-three of 124 randomly assigned patients received treatment (olaparib/paclitaxel, n = 61; placebo/paclitaxel, n = 62). The screening prevalence of ATMlow patients was 14%. Olaparib/paclitaxel did not lead to a significant improvement in PFS versus placebo/paclitaxel (overall population: hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; median PFS, 3.91 v 3.55 months, respectively; ATMlow population: HR, 0.74; median PFS, 5.29 v 3.68 months, respectively). However, olaparib/paclitaxel significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus placebo/paclitaxel in both the overall population (HR, 0.56; 80% CI, 0.41 to 0.75; P = .005; median OS, 13.1 v 8.3 months, respectively) and the ATMlow population (HR, 0.35; 80% CI, 0.22 to 0.56; P = .002; median OS, not reached v 8.2 months, respectively). Olaparib/paclitaxel was generally well tolerated, with no unexpected safety findings. Conclusion Olaparib/paclitaxel is active in the treatment of patients with metastatic gastric cancer, with a greater OS benefit in ATMlow patients. A phase III trial in this setting is under way.
Immune-Related Adverse Events, Need for Systemic Immunosuppression, and Effects on Survival and Time to Treatment Failure in Patients With Melanoma Treated With Ipilimumab at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Authors: Horvat Troy Z. , Adel Nelly G. , Dang Thu-Oanh , Momtaz Parisa , Postow Michael A. , Callahan Margaret K. , Carvajal Richard D. , Dickson Mark A. , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Woo Kaitlin M. , Panageas Katherine S. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Chapman Paul B. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Ipilimumab is a standard treatment for metastatic melanoma, but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are common and can be severe. We reviewed our large, contemporary experience with ipilimumab treatment outside of clinical trials to determine the frequency of use of systemic corticosteroid or anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) therapy and the effect of these therapies on overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF). Patients and Methods We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of patients with melanoma who had received treatment between April 2011 and July 2013 with ipilimumab at the standard dose of 3 mg/kg. We collected data on patient demographics, previous and subsequent treatments, number of ipilimumab doses, irAEs and how they were treated, and overall survival. Results Of the 298 patients, 254 (85%) experienced an irAE of any grade. Fifty-six patients (19%) discontinued therapy because of an irAE, most commonly diarrhea. Overall, 103 patients (35%) required systemic corticosteroid treatment for an irAE; 29 (10%) also required anti-TNFα therapy. Defining TTF as either starting a new treatment or death, estimated median TTF was 5.7 months. Twelve percent of patients experienced long-term disease control without receiving additional antimelanoma therapy. OS and TTF were not affected by the occurrence of irAEs or the need for systemic corticosteroids. Conclusion IrAEs are common in patients treated with ipilimumab. In our experience, approximately one-third of ipilimumab-treated patients required systemic corticosteroids, and almost one-third of those required further immune suppression with anti-TNFα therapy. Practitioners and patients should be prepared to treat irAEs and should understand that such treatment does not affect OS or TTF.
Breast Density and Benign Breast Disease: Risk Assessment to Identify Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tice Jeffrey A. , Miglioretti Diana L. , Li Chin-Shang , Vachon Celine M. , Gard Charlotte C. , Kerlikowske Karla 
Published: August 2015

PurposeWomen with proliferative breast lesions are candidates for primary prevention, but few risk models incorporate benign findings to assess breast cancer risk. We incorporated benign breast disease (BBD) diagnoses into the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) risk model, the only breast cancer risk assessment tool that uses breast density.MethodsWe developed and validated a competing-risk model using 2000 to 2010 SEER data for breast cancer incidence and 2010 vital statistics to adjust for the competing risk of death. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the relative hazards for age, race/ethnicity, family history of breast cancer, history of breast biopsy, BBD diagnoses, and breast density in the BCSC.ResultsWe included 1,135,977 women age 35 to 74 years undergoing mammography with no history of breast cancer; 17% of the women had a prior breast biopsy. During a mean follow-up of 6.9 years, 17,908 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The BCSC BBD model slightly overpredicted risk (expected-to-observed ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.06) and had modest discriminatory accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, 0.665). Among women with proliferative findings, adding BBD to the model increased the proportion of women with an estimated 5-year risk of 3% or higher from 9.3% to 27.8% (P < .001).ConclusionThe BCSC BBD model accurately estimates women's risk for breast cancer using breast density and BBD diagnoses. Greater numbers of high-risk women eligible for primary prevention after BBD diagnosis are identified using the BCSC BBD model.
Return to Tiraboschi: On Italian Literary Canon Formation and National Identity
Authors: Gazzola Giuseppe 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This essay traces the interrelationship between Italian literary canon formation and constructions of national identity in the literary histories of Girolamo Tiraboschi and Francesco De Sanctis. It examines both the ruptures and the continuities between eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literary historiography, analyzing the political, teleological agenda of De Sanctis’s Storia della letteratura italiana (1870–71) while revealing the equally powerful theoretical underpinnings of Tiraboschi’s vision of the Italian canon. Tiraboschi’s own Storia della letteratura italiana (1772–82; rev. and exp. 1789–94), because of its precise geographic grounding of literary phenomena, its conceptual proximity to what is now considered cultural studies, and its attention to minority writers, represents a more compelling model for contemporary Italian literary historiography than De Sanctis’s, which was developed for and in a different nationalist context.
East Indian, West Indian: Colored Cosmopolitanism, World Literature, and the Dual Autobiography of Cedric Dover and Claude McKay
Authors: Slate Nico 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Published in June 1951 under the title East Indian, West Indian, the hybrid autobiography of the Jamaican poet Claude McKay and the Calcutta-born Eurasian scholar Cedric Dover aimed to provide, in Dover’s words, “a practical expression of coloured unity.” Dover attempted to color world literature by crafting a transnational literary canon grounded in the idea of colored solidarity and explicitly opposed to racism and imperialism. His commitment to colored cosmopolitanism led him, however, to a stale ventriloquism that was itself a form of colonization. Claiming dominion over McKay’s memories of his childhood and of his native Jamaica, Dover failed to uphold not only the most rudimentary principles of scholarship but his own best intentions. East Indian, West Indian offers a distinctive vantage on the history of “world literature” and on the challenge of reconciling two of the most significant concepts in contemporary scholarship: the subaltern and the transnational.
GOsummaries: an R Package for Visual Functional Annotation of Experimental Data
Authors: Kolde Raivo , Vilo Jaak 
Published: August 2015

Functional characterisation of gene lists using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis is a common approach in computational biology, since many analysis methods end up with a list of genes as a result. Often there can be hundreds of functional terms that are significantly associated with a single list of genes and proper interpretation of such results can be a challenging endeavour. There are methods to visualise and aid the interpretation of these results, but most of them are limited to the results associated with one list of genes. However, in practice the number of gene lists can be considerably higher and common tools are not effective in such situations.We introduce a novel R package, 'GOsummaries' that visualises the GO enrichment results as concise word clouds that can be combined together if the number of gene lists is larger. By also adding the graphs of corresponding raw experimental data, GOsummaries can create informative summary plots for various analyses such as differential expression or clustering. The case studies show that the GOsummaries plots allow rapid functional characterisation of complex sets of gene lists. The GOsummaries approach is particularly effective for Principal Component Analysis (PCA).By adding functional annotation to the principal components, GOsummaries improves significantly the interpretability of PCA results. The GOsummaries layout for PCA can be effective even in situations where we cannot directly apply the GO analysis. For example, in case of metabolomics or metagenomics data it is possible to show the features with significant associations to the components instead of GO terms. The GOsummaries package is available under GPL-2 licence at Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/GOsummaries.html).