bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Calculations of the Rotational Excitation of a Diatomic Molecule Upon Collision with a Structureless Atom
Authors: Shapiro M. , Levine R. D. , Johnson B. R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExact Numerical values for the transition probabilities between rotational states of a rigid diatomic molecule colliding with a structureless atom were obtained using “The Amplitude Density Function” Technique. Particular attention was given to the influence of a closed channel on the transition probabilities between open channels. Resonances corresponding to bound states in the closed channel were demonstrated, and the results were shown to agree with general resonance theory.
A Model for the Quantitative Treatment of Hot Displacement Reactions
Authors: Baer M. , Amiel S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn attempt is made to calculate the reaction cross‐section for hot isotopic displacement reactions of the type ZY + X → ZX + Y, where X and Y are isotopes. For this purpose, a model is assumed which permits a simple (classical) treatment of the three interacting particles. The results are compared with those obtained by Karplus et al., for the reaction H2 + T → HT + H, and with experiment. In both cases a good fit was obtained.
Flash Photolysis of the Oxybromine Anions
Authors: Amichai (Haimovich) O. , Czapski G. , Treinin A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe flash photolysis of BrO3−, BrO2− and BrO− in strongly alkaline solutions was investigated. The formation of O3− in oxygen containing solutions indicates that the three oxybromine anions undergo the primary photochemical process magnified image. The decay rate of O3− is enhanced by the oxybromine anions; this is ascribed to the reactions of BrOn− with O− and OH. From the study of the ozonide decay rate as a function of BrOn− concentration and pH, the rate constants for the reactions of BrOn− with O− and OH could be determined. The production of BrO2 from BrO3−, in amount equal to that of O−, was demonstrated. BrO2 is also produced from BrO2−, presumably by secondary reactions of BrO and O− with BrO2−.
The Kinetics of Complexed and Free Ho2 Radical in the Reaction of Ce+4 and H2O2
Authors: Czapski G. , Samuni A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe intermediates formed in the reaction of Ce+4 with H2O2 in 0.5 M perchloric acid were studied, spectrophotometrically and through the quenching method, using a stopped‐flow system. The spectrum in the UV range and the kinetics of the generated radicals and their dependence on Ce+3 concentration were investigated. On adding Ce+3 to the mixture, a change in the spectrum as well as in the recombination rate constant was observed. This behaviour was attributed to the formation of a complex between the cerous ion and the HO2 radical. The values of the recombination rate constant of the complexed radical is 4.0 ± 0.4·106 F−1 sec−1 while that of the free HO2 radical is 0.9 ± 0.1·106 F−1 sec−1. The stabilization constant of the complex was found to be 60 ± 18 F−1.
Raman Spectrum of Iodine Pentafluoride: Evidence for Polymerization in the Liquid State
Authors: Selig H. , Holzman H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRaman spectra of iodine pentafluoride have been measured for the gas as well as for the liquid as a function of temperature. The intense polarized band which appears in the room temperature spectra of the liquid at 697 cm−1 and a weaker, previously unreported, band at 218 cm−1 are absent both from the gas spectra and from the elevated temperature spectra of the liquid. This indicates that these bands arise from the presence of polymers in the liquid state rather than from Fermi resonance.
Pyrolytic Reactions of Carbohydrates. Part III. Thermal Decomposition of D‐Glucose in the Presence of Additives
Authors: Houminer Y. , Patai S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of glucose and in some cases of fructose, at 160° was studied in the presence of a variety of additives of basic, acidic and neutral nature. The different classes of additives were found to catalyse or inhibit different steps in the overall decomposition process; acidic additives mainly catalyse dehydration processes while basic additives enhance isomerization and fragmentation reactions together with dehydration.
On the Relation Between TSH Administration In Vivo and the Activities of Several Glycolytic, Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes in the Rat Thyroid Gland
Authors: Kopelovich L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of TSH, administered In vivo, on the activities of enzymes concerned with glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the rat thyroid gland was investigated. In control animals, the activity pattern of these enzymes closely resembles that found in sheep thyroid gland. The apparent increase in the specific activity of all enzymes during TSH administration was attributed to a concomitant loss of protein from the follicular lumen of the thyroid gland by intracellular proteolysis. However, TSH seems to affect the Intracellular distribution of hexokinase activity in the rat thyroid gland. It Is suggested that the latter observation could explain, in part, the apparent increase in glucose utilization by TSH in this tissue.
The Detection of Parallel Reactions by the Temperature‐Jump Method
Authors: Koren Ruth , Perlmutter‐Hayman Berta 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen a reaction of the type A ⇋ 2B (I) is accompanied by a parallel, autocatalytic reaction A + B ⇋ 3B (II), the expression for the reciprocal relaxation time contains one concentration‐independent term, derived from reaction (I) in the forward direction, and two terms linear in [B], one derived from reaction (I) in the reverse direction, and one derived from reaction (II) in the forward direction (in addition to a quadratic term). In such a case, the equilibrium constant for the reaction cannot be determined from relaxation experiments. It is suggested that the experimental results obtained in the acid hydrolysis of the dichromate ion can be explained on this basis.
Properties of Chemically Crosslinked Low‐Density Polyethylene
Authors: Narkis M. , Miltz J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStudies on the mechanical properties of chemically crosslinked polyethylene at room temperature and at 135°C are presented. The properties of unfilled samples are studied as function of the gel content and of loaded samples as function of the carbon black content. The mechanical behavior differs below and above the crystalline melting region, and conclusions cannot be carried from one range to the other.
The Photochemistry of Oxyanions
Authors: Treinin A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe various primary processes in excited oxyanions are discussed. The most common processes appear to involve one‐unit change of oxidation number (one electron processes): the generation of e−aq and O−aq (or OHaq). The production of oxygen atoms (a two‐electron process) occurs only with central atoms having high electron‐affinities. There is no convincing evidence for one‐step evolution of O2. Some major secondary processes are also discussed.
Photochemical Effects in Polar Rigid Media
Authors: Joussot‐Dubien Jacques , Lesclaux Robert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhotochemical effects occurring in rigid polar matrices are reviewed. Organic solutes in aqueous, alcoholic rigid solutions and in boric acid glasses are considered in some details. Electron photodetachment of solutes, sensitized photodetachment of solutes, solvent sensitized decomposition, solute sensitized decomposition and reaction with host are discussed.
Magnetic displacement force and torque on dental keepers in the static magnetic field of an MR scanner
Authors: Omatsu Mika , Obata Takayuki , Minowa Kazuyuki , Yokosawa Koichi , Inagaki Eri , Ishizaka Kinya , Shibayama Koichi , Yamamoto Toru 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of the static magnetic field of magnetic resonance (MR) scanners on keepers (ie, ferromagnetic stainless steel plate adhered to the abutment tooth of dental magnetic attachments).Materials and MethodsMagnetically induced displacement force and torque on keepers were measured using 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3.0 T MR scanners and a method outlined by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Changes in magnetic flux density before and after exposure to scanner static magnetic field were examined.ResultsThe maximum magnetically induced displacement forces were calculated to be 10.3 × 10−2 N at 1.5 T and 13.9 × 10−2 N at 3.0 T on the cover surface. The maximum torques exerted on the keeper (4 mm in diameter) were 0.83 N × 4 mm at 1.5 T and 0.85 N × 4 mm at 3.0 T. These forces were considerably higher than the gravitational force (7.7 × 10−4 N) of the keeper but considerably lower than the keeper‐root cap proper adhesive force. The keepers' magnetic flux density remained less than that of the Earth.ConclusionMagnetically induced displacement force and torque on the keeper in the MR scanner do not influence the keeper‐root cap proper adhesive force.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1481–1486. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classification performance comprehensive evaluation of an air classifier based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Yu Y. , Liu J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe classification performance evaluation goal for an air classifier is usually limited to one of the classification performance indices including cut size, classification precision, Newton classification efficiency and degree of dispersion. This method hardly evaluates these performance indices of an air classifier comprehensively and suitably. In order to evaluate the classification performance truly and synthetically, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to calculate the weights of the classification performance indices after determining the hierarchical model in the present paper. The dimensionless transformation eliminates the effect of the different dimensions. Then, the comprehensive evaluation value of the classification performance for each experiment is obtained using the linear weighted method. The maximum value corresponds to the best classification performance among these evaluation values. In the present study, a turbo air classifier is used as the classification system and talc powders are used as materials. The best classification performance indices are a cut size of 16.5 μm, a classification precision of 0.59, a Newton classification efficiency of 57%, and a degree of dispersion of 2.13. The corresponding optimal operational parameter combinations are: the feeding speed is 40 kg·h–1, the air inlet velocity is 5 m·s–1 and the rotor cage's rotary speed is 1200·min–1. This assessment method avoids the limitation of evaluating a single classification performance index and the incomplete information derived from single factor experiments. Furthermore, the method also provides quantitative evaluation criteria for the classification performance of an air classifier. In the proposed method, the classification performance indices can be selected and the precedence relation matrix of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process can be set flexibly according to production requirements.
Proteasome inhibitors for malignancy‐related lambert‐eaton myasthenic syndrome
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Shaobo , Feng Bing , Guan Yuzhou 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies against presynaptic voltage‐gated calcium channels that impair neuromuscular transmission. Malignancies, especially small cell lung cancer (SCLC), have been associated with LEMS and account for approximately 60% of cases, making malignancy management a central step in LEMS therapy. In addition, immunosuppressive therapy is also recommended for symptomatic control. Interestingly, both pathological and epidemiological data suggest that the autoimmune response can inhibit progression of tumors in malignancy‐associated LEMS. Thus, conventional broad‐spectrum immunosuppressants may not be effective agents for treatment of LEMS, especially in those with malignancy‐associated LEMS. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that proteasome inhibitors can eliminate antibody‐producing cells efficiently, block dendritic cell maturation, and have anti‐tumor activity. We hypothesize that proteasome inhibitors may be promising agents for treatment of malignancy‐related LEMS. Muscle Nerve 49:325–328, 2014
The special‐linear update: An application of differential manifold theory to the update of isochoric plasticity flow rules
Authors: Hurtado D.E. , Stainier L. , Ortiz M. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe evolution of plastic deformations in metals, governed by incompressible flow rules, has been traditionally solved using the exponential mapping. However, the accurate calculation of the exponential mapping and its tangents may result in computationally demanding schemes in some cases, while common low‐order approximations may lead to poor behavior of the constitutive update because of violation of the incompressibility condition. Here, we introduce the special‐linear (SL) update for isochoric plasticity, a flow‐rule integration scheme based on differential manifolds concepts. The proposed update exactly enforces the plastic incompressibility condition while being first‐order accurate and consistent with the flow rule, thus bearing all the desirable properties of the now standard exponential mapping update. In contrast to the exponential‐mapping update, we demonstrate that the SL update can drastically reduce the computing time, reaching one order of magnitude speed‐ups in the calculation of the update tangents. We demonstrate the applicability of the update by way of simulation of single‐crystal plasticity uniaxial loading tests. We anticipate that the SL update will open the way to efficient constitutive updates for the solution of complex multiscale material models, thus making it a very promising tool for large‐scale simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inference for the median residual life function in sequential multiple assignment randomized trials
Authors: Kidwell Kelley M. , Ko Jin H. , Wahed Abdus S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn survival analysis, median residual lifetime is often used as a summary measure to assess treatment effectiveness; it is not clear, however, how such a quantity could be estimated for a given dynamic treatment regimen using data from sequential randomized clinical trials. We propose a method to estimate a dynamic treatment regimen‐specific median residual life (MERL) function from sequential multiple assignment randomized trials. We present the MERL estimator, which is based on inverse probability weighting, as well as, two variance estimates for the MERL estimator. One variance estimate follows from Lunceford, Davidian and Tsiatis' 2002 survival function‐based variance estimate and the other uses the sandwich estimator. The MERL estimator is evaluated, and its two variance estimates are compared through simulation studies, showing that the estimator and both variance estimates produce approximately unbiased results in large samples. To demonstrate our methods, the estimator has been applied to data from a sequentially randomized leukemia clinical trial. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Applicability of Statistical Process Control to Systems Involving People Processes and Business Rhythms
Authors: Dever Jason , Mazzuchi Thomas A. , Sarkani Shahram , Mihalcin Matthew J. , Loewenthal Alex 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe operation and maintenance (O&M) activities of systems can account for 75% of total lifecycle cost. To effectively manage cost, optimize system “on” time, and mitigate defects/failures during the O&M phase of a system's lifecycle, the application of systems monitoring and control is encouraged. Statistical process control (SPC) in general, the control chart specifically, is the most common monitoring approach. The control chart provides alerts with respect to the behavior of systems and processes, as well as changes in process variability. Data applied to control charts is assumed to adhere to a normal distribution, a constraint often satisfied in manufacturing and similar industries where the natural variation in the process or system follows the Gaussian distribution. Systems involving people processes and business rhythms can compromise the normality assumption, reducing the reliability of SPC. Through the application of SPC, this paper proposes a novel approach to monitoring operational systems in the systems engineering O&M phase for the express purpose of reducing high costs by mitigating system discrepancies and uncovering inefficiencies. This paper focuses on processes that require 100% system data sampling due to the operational nature of the system.
Componentization in the Systems Modeling Language
Authors: Bock Conrad 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper describes new capabilities in the Systems Modeling Language that reduce the complexity of specifying systems through componentization, and increase the range of systems that can be specified. Modelers can identify portions of components available for connection to other components, and specify how systems make use of them. This reduces the complexity of specifying system by lowering the number of ways components can be connected, partly by hiding portions of components, and partly by limiting how exposed portions can be connected to others. The paper introduces basic SysML concepts and notations for specifying components and assembling them into a system. It covers capabilities added to SysML enabling a wider range of systems to be modeled, through detailed specification of the portions of components available for connection to other components, and detailed specification of the connections between them. These capabilities are described by relating models to potential systems built to meet the specifications, an approach typical in specifying semantics of formal languages. The paper is intended for those concerned with increased precision in SysML concepts, such as builders of model analyzers, checkers, and other automated support for systems engineering. It also enables more reliable interpretation of the SysML models generally, for example, during manufacturing and other stages of the product lifecycle. Examples are given in SysML notation for each concept. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 17
A new pushover procedure for two‐way asymmetric‐plan tall buildings under bidirectional earthquakes
Authors: Khoshnoudian F. , Kiani M. , Yang T. Y. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYConventional pushover analyses despite of extensive applications are unable to estimate the general responses of asymmetric‐plan tall buildings because of ignoring the effects of higher modes and torsion. A consecutive modal pushover procedure is one of the recent nonlinear static pushover procedures that used to analyse the seismic response of one‐way asymmetric‐plan tall buildings under one‐directional seismic ground motions. In this paper, a modified consecutive modal pushover procedure (MCMP) has been proposed to estimate the seismic demands of two‐way asymmetric‐plan tall buildings under two horizontal components of earthquakes simultaneously. The accuracy of the MCMP procedure is evaluated using different buildings and comparing with the results of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) procedures, the practical modal pushover procedure and nonlinear time history analyses as an exact solution. The results show the proposed MCMP procedure is able to estimate the displacements and storey drifts accurately and introduces a great improvement in predicting the plastic hinge rotations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable one-dimensional integral representations of one-loop N-point functions in the general massive case. I — Three point functions
Authors: Guillet J. Ph. , Pilon E. , Rodgers M. , Zidi M. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this article we provide representations for the one-loop three point functions in 4 and 6 dimensions in the general case with complex masses. The latter are part of the GOLEM library used for the computation of one-loop multileg amplitudes. These representations are one-dimensional integrals designed to be free of instabilites induced by inverse powers of Gram determinants, therefore suitable for stable numerical implementations.
Tumor Size Does Not Independently Affect Long‐Term Survival after Curative Resection of Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Without Macroscopic Vascular Invasion
Authors: Zhang Han , Yuan Shou‐Xin , Dai Shu‐Yang , Zhang Jin‐Min , Huang Xing , Lu Chong‐De , Lu Jun‐Hua , Wu Fu‐Quan , Lau Wan Yee , Wu Meng‐Chao , Yang Tian , Shen Feng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of tumor size alone on long‐term survival and recurrence after curative resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without macroscopic vascular invasion.MethodsA single‐center cohort of 615 patients with solitary HCC (a single tumor, without macroscopic vascular invasion or distant metastasis) undergoing curative hepatic resection from 2002 to 2010 was retrospectively studied. Using 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, and 10.0 cm as cut‐off values of tumor size, the overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were compared between the groups of patients with tumor size up to a certain cut‐off value and the groups of patients with tumor size above that cut‐off value. Thus, multiple comparisons were done. The prognostic factors of OS and RFS were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe median tumor size of all HCCs was 4.0 cm (range 0.9–22.0 cm). The in‐hospital mortality rate was 1.0 %, and the overall morbidity rate was 22.3 %. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates were 96.0, 79.8, and 69.9 %, and the corresponding RFS rates were 83.6, 72.7, and 57.2 %, respectively. On univariate analyses, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS and RFS rates were significantly different between the individual two groups of patients as divided by the aforementioned different cut‐off values of tumor sizes (all p < 0.05). However, when tumor size was put as a continuous variable into multivariate analysis, it was no longer an independent prognostic factor of OS or RFS after curative resection.ConclusionsTumor size did not independently affect long‐term survival and recurrence after curative resection of solitary HCC without macroscopic vascular invasion. Therefore, there is no size limit that precludes hepatic resection for solitary HCC, provided the tumor is resectable.
Large-Scale Land Deals and Local Livelihoods in Rwanda: The Bitter Fruit of a New Agrarian Model
Authors: Ansoms An 
Published: November 2013

Abstract:In a context of globalization and liberalization, Africa is increasingly confronted with the commercialization of its space. Various large-scale actors, including international private investors, investor states, and local entrepreneurs, are constantly seeking to expand their land holdings for the production of food crops or biofuels. This article presents two Rwandan case studies and analyzes how large-scale land acquisition by foreign and local elite players affects local livelihoods. It identifies broader agrarian and social changes taking place in Rwanda and Africa and provides suggestions as to how the tables might be turned in order to protect local livelihoods in the further evolution of Rwanda’s agriculture.
A swirling spiral wave solution in pipe flow
Authors: Deguchi K. , Walton A. G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA numerically exact full Navier–Stokes counterpart of the asymptotic nonlinear solution in Hagen–Poiseuille flow proposed by Smith & Bodonyi (Proc. R. Soc. A, vol. 384, 1982, pp. 463–489) is discovered. The solution takes the form of a spiral travelling wave, with a novel feature being a strong induced component of swirl. Our solution shows excellent quantitative agreement with the asymptotic theory at Reynolds numbers of the order of $1{0}^{8} $.