bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AssemblingFordizm: The Production of Automobiles, Americans, and Bolsheviks in Detroit and Early Soviet Russia
Authors: Greenstein David E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe expansion of the Ford Motor Company into Soviet Russia has been understood as part of a unidirectional spread of American economic power and cultural forms abroad following the First World War. This essay looks beyond the automobiles and manufacturing methods sent from Ford facilities in Detroit to the emerging Soviet automobile industry to examine multidirectional migrations of workers between Russia and the United States that underlay but sometimes collided with Ford's system. Workers, managers, engineers, and cultural, technical, and disciplinary knowledge moved back and forth between factories in Soviet Russia and the United States. Efforts to define, track, and shape workers in both countries as Americans, Russians, or Bolsheviks were integral to the construction of the products and methods that Ford sold. But many workers fell in between and contested these classifications and they often defied company attempts to create an efficient and homogeneous American workforce. In Russia, too, more than Soviet and American automobiles were produced: people and ideas were created that crossed and blurred boundaries between “American” and “Soviet.” There, “Fordizm” became a popular watchword among Soviet commentators and workers as a near-synonym for industrialization, mass production, and efficiency. Many saw it as a potentially valuable component of a new socialist world. These multidirectional movements, recorded in Ford Motor Company archives and related documents, suggest that rather than separate and alternative projects, Ford's burgeoning system to transform manufacturing and workers' lives in Detroit was linked to the Soviet revolutionary project to recreate life and work.
Capitalism's Fellow Traveler: The Soviet Union, Bretton Woods, and the Cold War, 1944–1958
Authors: Sanchez-Sibony Oscar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper is a reinterpretation of the origins of the Cold War from a novel point of view: Soviet foreign economic policy. It questions two fundamental concepts that have formed the basis for our understanding of that conflict: Soviet autarky, and bipolarity. Soviet autarky has been the basis for an understanding of a “war” that, although never fought on military terms, needed two sides to be so conceptualized. Just as enemies in war can have no areas of meaningful cooperation, so did academics require of these Cold War rivals an all-encompassing enmity. To do so they came to consider the Soviet Union a camp apart, unconnected and hostile to the capitalist order. Scholars required a Soviet Union politically committed to autarky. Using archives from Moscow, however, the article argues that the Soviet Union was not autarkic by political choice and, at length, not autarkic at all. It followed a similar trajectory in international economic engagement as that of the countries in the so-called free world, and what's more, sought to do so. In other words, when one looks at the political economy of Soviet economic relations, the conceptual framework of bipolarity that sustains much of the work on the Cold War becomes difficult to maintain. Instead, I argue, an immensely powerful liberal world order acted on the Soviet Union in ways that should be familiar to scholars of global capitalism.
The Dialectal Tribe and the Doctrine of Continuity
Authors: Berson Josh 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn Australia, applicants for native title—legal recognition of proprietary interest in land devolving from traditions predating colonization—must meet a stringent standard of continuity of social identity since before the advent of Crown sovereignty. As courts and the legislature have gravitated toward an increasingly strict application of the continuity doctrine, anthropologists involved in land claims cases have found themselves rehearsing an old debate in Australian anthropology over the degree to which post-contact patterns of subsistence, movement, and ritual enactment can support inferences about life in precontact Australia. In the 1960s, at the dawn of the land claims era, a handful of anthropologists shifted the debate to an ecological plane. Characterizing Australia on the cusp of colonization as a late Holocene climax human ecosystem, they argued that certain recently observed patterns in the distribution of marks of social cohesion (mutual intelligibility of language, systems of classificatory kinship) could not represent the outcome of such a climax ecosystem and must indicate disintegration of Aboriginal social structures since contact. Foremost among them was Joseph Birdsell, for whom linguistic boundaries, under climax conditions, would self-evidently be congruent with boundaries in breeding pools. Birdsell's intervention came just as the Northern Territory Supreme Court was hearing evidence on the value of dialect as a marker of membership in corporate landholding groups in Yolngu country, and offers an object lesson in how language, race, mode of subsistence, and law come together in efforts to answer the questions “Who was here first?” and “Are those people still here?”
Regulation of “Religion” and the “Religious”: The Politics of Judicialization and Bureaucratization in India and Indonesia
Authors: Sezgin Yüksel , Künkler Mirjam 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article compares the strategies through which Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Indonesia have regulated religion and addressed questions of what constitutes “the religious” in the post-independence period. We show that the dominant approach pursued by the Indian state has been one of judicialization—the delegation of religious questions to the high courts—while in Indonesia it has predominantly been one of bureaucratization—the regulation of religious issues by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Contrary to the expectation that judicialization devitalizes normative conflicts while bureaucratization, more frequently associated with authoritarian politics, “locks” these conflicts “in,” we show that these expectations have not materialized, and at times, the effects have been reverse. Engaging the literatures on judicialization and on bureaucratization, we argue that what determines the consequences of the policy toward religion is less the choice of the implementing institution (i.e., the judiciary or bureaucracy) than the mode of delegation (vertical versus horizontal) which shapes the relationship between the policy-maker and the institution implementing it. Bureaucrats, judges, and elected politicians in multicultural societies around the world encounter questions of religious nature very similar to those that authorities in India and Indonesia have faced. How they address the challenge of religious heterogeneity has a profound impact on prospects of nation-building and democratization. It is therefore imperative that the consequences of the policy toward religion, and even more so the consequences of political delegation, be studied more systematically.
“The Duty to Act Fairly”: Ethics, Legal Anthropology, and Labor Justice in the Manual Workers Union of Botswana
Authors: Werbner Pnina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the significance of the Botswana High Court and Court of Appeal judgments of a case in which the Manual Worker Union, a blue-collar public sector union, challenged the Botswana Government to reinstate dismissed workers with all their past benefits. I examine the role of public ethics and morality in Botswana as reflected in key notions used by High Court judges, such as “the duty to act fairly” and “legitimate expectations,” and argue that legal anthropologists have neglected such ideas, despite their having become a bedrock of contemporary judicial reasoning. While anthropology has shown a renewed interest in ethics, issues of public ethics and morality remain relatively unexplored in contemporary legal anthropological debates. One has to go back to the work of Max Gluckman on reasonableness in judicial decision-making among the Barotse to find foundational anthropological insights into the morality and ethics of law in non-Western societies. In the legally plural context of Botswana, notions of equity and fairness, this paper argues, “permeate” the legal landscape.
SOCIO-CULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF INFANT MALNUTRITION IN CAMEROON
Authors: PEMUNTA NGAMBOUK VITALIS , FUBAH MATHIAS ALUBAFI 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis study seeks to explore and explain the socio-cultural factors responsible for the incidence of infant malnutrition in Cameroon with particular emphasis on northern Cameroon where it is most accentuated. It combines quantitative data drawn from the 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 Cameroon Demographic and Health Surveys, as well as a literature review of publications by the WHO and UNICEF. This is further complemented with qualitative data from various regions of Cameroon, partly from a national ethnographic study on the ethno-medical causes of infertility in Cameroon conducted between 1999 and 2000. Whereas socio-cultural factors related to child feeding and maternal health (breast-feeding, food taboos and representations of the colostrum as dangerous for infants) are widespread throughout Cameroon, poverty-related factors (lack of education for mothers, natural disaster, unprecedented influx of refugees, inaccessibility and inequity in the distribution of health care services) are pervasive in northern Cameroon. This conjunction of factors accounts for the higher incidence of infant malnutrition and mortality in northern Cameroon. The study suggests the need for women's empowerment and for health care personnel in transcultural situations to understand local cultural beliefs, practices and sentiments before initiating change efforts in infant feeding practices and maternal health. Biomedical services should be tailored to the social and cultural needs of the target population – particularly women – since beliefs and practices underpin therapeutic recourse. Whereas infant diarrhoea might be believed to be the result of sexual contact, in reality, it is caused by unhygienic conditions. Similarly, weaning foods aimed at transmitting ethnic identity might not meet a child's age-specific food needs and might instead give rise to malnutrition.
“Close but no Cigar”: the measurement of corruption
Authors: Heywood Paul M. , Rose Jonathan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe financial cost of corruption has recently been estimated at more than 5 per cent of global GDP. Yet, despite the widespread agreement that corruption is one of the most pressing policy challenges facing world leaders, it remains as widespread today, possibly even more so, as it was when concerted international attention began being devoted to the issue following the end of the Cold War. In reality, we still have a relatively weak understanding of how best to measure corruption and how to develop effective guides to action from such measurement. This paper provides a detailed review of existing approaches to measuring corruption, focusing in particular on perception-based and non-perceptual approaches. We highlight a gap between the conceptualisation of corruption and its measurement, and argue that there is a tension between the demands of policy-makers and anti-corruption activists on the one hand, and the motivations of academic researchers on the other. The search for actionable answers on the part of the former sits uncomfortably with the latter’s focus on the inherent complexity of corruption.
Vision-based topological mapping and localization by means of local invariant features and map refinement
Authors: Garcia-Fidalgo Emilio , Ortiz Alberto 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYWe propose an appearance-based approach for topological visual mapping and localization using local invariant features. To optimize running times, matchings between the current image and previously visited places are determined using an index based on a set of randomized kd-trees. We use a discrete Bayes filter for predicting loop candidates, whose observation model is a novel approach based on an efficient matching scheme between features. In order to avoid redundant information in the resulting maps, we also present a map refinement framework, which takes into account the visual information stored in the map for refining the final topology of the environment. These refined maps save storage space and improve the execution times of localizations tasks. The approach is validated using image sequences from several environments and compared with the state-of-the-art FAB-MAP 2.0 algorithm.
Speeding up probabilistic roadmap planners with locality-sensitive hashing
Authors: Rantanen Mika T. , Juhola Martti 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA crucial part of probabilistic roadmap planners is the nearest neighbor search, which is typically done by exact methods. Unfortunately, searching the neighbors can become a major bottleneck for the performance. This can occur when the roadmap size grows especially in high-dimensional spaces. In this paper, we investigate how well the approximate nearest neighbor searching works with probabilistic roadmap planners. We propose a method that is based on the locality-sensitive hashing and show that it can speed up the construction of the roadmap considerably without reducing the quality of the produced roadmap.
Hamiltonian suspension of perturbed Poincaré sections and an application
Authors: BESSA MÁRIO , DIAS JOÁO LOPES 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe construct a Hamiltonian suspension for a given symplectomorphism which is the perturbation of a Poincaré map. This is especially useful for the conversion of perturbative results between symplectomorphisms and Hamiltonian flows in any dimension 2d. As an application, using known properties of area-preserving maps, we prove that for any Hamiltonian defined on a symplectic 4-manifold M and any point p ∈ M, there exists a C2-close Hamiltonian whose regular energy surface through p is either Anosov or contains a homoclinic tangency.
Synthesis and X-ray diffraction data of 1-N-(3-pyridylmethyl)aminonaphthalene hydrochloride
Authors: Morantes L.R. , Medina C.F. , Henao J.A. , Kouznetsov V.V. , Camargo H.A. 
Published: April 2014

The title compound 1-N-(3-pyridylmethyl)aminonaphthalene hydrochloride (C16H15N2Cl) was obtained by a reaction of α-naphthylamine (1) and N-pyridincarboxaldehyde (2) in anhydrous ethanol in the first step. The formed imine (3) was reduced with sodium borohydride in anhydrous methanol to give the product 1-N-(3-pyridylmethyl)aminonaphthalene (4). Finally, the hydrochloride was prepared by addition of a hydrochloric acid–ethyl acetate solution (ratio 1:3) with constant stirring and maintaining the temperature between 0 and 5 °C, obtaining a yellow polycrystalline solid corresponding to the respective derivative (5). The X-ray powder diffraction pattern for the new compound (5) was obtained. The compound (5) crystallizes in a monoclinic system with the space group P21/m (No. 11) and refined unit-cell parameters: a = 16.257 (8) Å, b = 9.236 (7) Å, c = 13.221 (6) Å, β = 94.87° (5), Z = 6, and V = 1978 (1) Å3.
Ca2+influx-linked protein kinase C activity regulates the β-catenin localization, micromere induction signalling and the oral–aboral axis formation in early sea urchin embryos
Authors: Yazaki Ikuko , Tsurugaya Toko , Santella Luigia , Chun Jong Tai , Amore Gabriele , Kusunoki Shinichiro , Asada Akiko , Togo Tatsuru , Akasaka Koji 
Published: April 2014

SummarySea urchin embryos initiate cell specifications at the 16-cell stage by forming the mesomeres, macromeres and micromeres according to the relative position of the cells in the animal–vegetal axis. The most vegetal cells, micromeres, autonomously differentiate into skeletons and induce the neighbouring macromere cells to become mesoendoderm in the β-catenin-dependent Wnt8 signalling pathway. Although the underlying molecular mechanism for this progression is largely unknown, we have previously reported that the initial events might be triggered by the Ca2+influxes through the egg-originated L-type Ca2+channels distributed asymmetrically along the animal–vegetal axis and through the stretch-dependent Ca2+channels expressed specifically in the micromere at the 4th cleavage. In this communication, we have examined whether one of the earliest Ca2+targets, protein kinase C (PKC), plays a role in cell specification upstream of β-catenin. To this end, we surveyed the expression pattern of β-catenin in early embryos in the presence or absence of the specific peptide inhibitor ofHemicentrotus pulcherrimusPKC (HpPKC-I). Unlike previous knowledge, we have found that the initial nuclear entrance of β-catenin does not take place in the micromeres, but in the macromeres at the 16-cell stage. Using the HpPKC-I, we have demonstrated further that PKC not only determines cell-specific nucleation of β-catenin, but also regulates a variety of cell specification events in the early sea urchin embryos by modulating the cell adhesion structures, actin dynamics, intracellular Ca2+signalling, and the expression of key transcription factors.
Propranolol as a treatment for multiple coronary artery micro-fistulas
Authors: Hernández María , Carretero Juan M. , Prada Fredy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present a case of congenital multiple coronary artery–left ventricle micro-fistulas, which were treated with propranolol disappearing within 6 months. She had a malformative syndrome associated with a chromosomal abnormality. The treatment for coronary artery fistula includes surgical ligation and transcatheter closure, but they are not indicated in congenital micro-fistulas. We propose propranolol as a treatment in this type of diffuse fistula.
Unsaturated fat intakes and mental health outcomes in young women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Heath
Authors: Daley Clare , Patterson Amanda , Sibbritt David , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if associations exist between a range of unsaturated fatty acid intakes and mental health outcomes.DesignCross-sectional data analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) Young Cohort Survey 3 that included the validated seventy-four-item Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies FFQ, validated mental health scales and self-report questions on depression and anxiety.SettingAustralia, 2003.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of young Australian women (25–30 years) from ALSWH. The 7635 women with plausible energy intakes (>4·5 but <20·0 MJ/d) were included in the analyses.ResultsAdjusted logistic regression analyses found statistically significant associations between higher intakes of α-linolenic acid and decreased likelihood of depressive symptoms indicated by the ten-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10; OR=0·77; 95 % CI 0·60, 0·99;P=0·040) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental health subscale (OR=0·73 95 % CI 0·56, 0·96;P=0·024). Furthermore, higher intakes ofn-6 fatty acids (OR=0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99;P=0·019) and linoleic acid (OR=0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99;P=0·020) were associated with decreased likelihood of self-reported diagnosed anxiety and higher intakes ofn-9 fatty acids (OR=1·02, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·04;P=0·041) and oleic acid (OR=1·02, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·05;P=0·046) were associated with increased likelihood of self-reported diagnosed anxiety.Conclusions:Increased intakes of α-linolenic acid were associated with a reduced likelihood of depressive symptoms, increased intakes ofn-6 fatty acids and linoleic acid were associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported anxiety, and increased intakes ofn-9 fatty acids and oleic acid were associated with an increased likelihood of anxiety. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate associations between unsaturated fatty acids and depression and anxiety.
Monolithic Chip System with a Microfluidic Channel for In Situ Electron Microscopy of Liquids
Authors: Jensen Eric , Burrows Andrew , Mølhave Kristian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractElectron microscopy of enclosed liquid samples requires the thinnest possible membranes as enclosing windows as well as nanoscale liquid sample thickness to achieve the best possible resolution. Today liquid sample systems for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are typically made from two sandwiched microchips with thin membranes. We report on a new microfabricated chip system based on a monolithic design that enables membrane geometry on the scale of a few micrometers. The design is intended to reduce membrane deflection when the system is under pressure, a microfluidic channel for improved flow geometry, and a better space angle for auxiliary detectors such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We explain the system design and fabrication and show the first successful TEM images of liquid samples in the chips.
A palliative care intervention for pain refractory to a percutaneous cordotomy
Authors: de la Cruz Maxine , Reddy Akhila , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground:Intrathecal analgesia and radiofrequency techniques for tumor ablation are employed for palliation of symptoms. These interventions are efficacious in a select number of patients for controlling pain and improving quality of life. Careful selection of an appropriate candidate must be performed to prevent needless, invasive, and costly interventions, as interventional pain management alone will not treat total pain in cancer patients. We describe here a patient who experienced intractable pain and unsuccessfully underwent cordotomy but responded to the interdisciplinary (IDT) palliative care approach in an acute palliative care unit (APCU).Case:A middle-aged female with ovarian cancer metastatic to the left psoas muscle and the supraclavicular and retroperitoneal lymph nodes was admitted with severe left thigh and flank pain. She had been unsuccessfully treated with different opioid regimens, hypogastric nerve block, epidural steroid injection, and cordotomy. The palliative care team was consulted while awaiting placement of an intrathecal pump. The patient was subsequently transferred to the APCU for symptom management and transition to hospice. On admission, her morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) was 660 mg. Our IDT—composed of a physician, fellow, nurse practitioner, counselor, chaplain, social worker, and physical and occupational therapists—was able to identify several sources of distress that likely contributed to her expression of pain. Our IDT focused on frequent counseling, improving her function, provided medication education, discussed goals of care, and educated about hospice. She was discharged to hospice care with good pain control and an 85% reduction in her MEDD.Conclusion:An APCU approach involving an IDT alleviated the need for invasive interventions by diagnosing and treating the psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual distress contributing to the patient's total pain expression. Successful management must be reflective of rigorous assessment of the physical, psychological, spiritual, social, and practical aspects before consideration of more invasive treatments.
Bandpass filter using open/shorted dual‐behaviour resonators
Authors: Feng Wenjie , Che Wenquan 
Published: April 2014

A novel bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros using open/shorted dual‐behaviour resonators (DBRs) is proposed. Three transmission zeros on both sides of the bandpass responses can be easily realised. Three additional transmission zeros without bandstop/lowpass networks are used to suppress the second harmonic. A bandpass filter prototype with 15 dB rejection level in the upper stopband from 1.1f0 to 2.72f0 (3 dB fractional bandwidth 7.3%) has been designed and fabricated.