bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bats are Not Birds – Different Responses to Human Land‐use on a Tropical Mountain
Authors: Helbig‐Bonitz Maria , Ferger Stefan W. , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Tschapka Marco , Howell Kim , Kalko Elisabeth K. V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLand‐use intensification has consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, with various taxonomic groups differing widely in their sensitivity. As land‐use intensification alters habitat structure and resource availability, both factors may contribute to explaining differences in animal species diversity. Within the local animal assemblages the flying vertebrates, bats and birds, provide important and partly complementary ecosystem functions. We tested how bats and birds respond to land‐use intensification and compared abundance, species richness, and community composition across a land‐use gradient including forest, traditional agroforests (home garden), coffee plantations and grasslands onMountKilimanjaro,Tanzania. Furthermore, we asked how sensitive different habitat and feeding guilds of bats and birds react to land‐use intensification and the associated alterations in vegetation structure and food resource availability. In contrast to our expectations, land‐use intensification had no negative effect on species richness and abundance of all birds and bats. However, some habitat and feeding guilds, in particular forest specialist and frugivorous birds, were highly sensitive to land‐use intensification. Although the habitat guilds of both, birds and bats, depended on a certain degree of vegetation structure, total bat and bird abundance was mediated primarily by the availability of the respective food resources. Even though the highly structured southern slopes ofMountKilimanjaro are able to maintain diverse bat and bird assemblages, the sensitivity of avian forest specialists against land‐use intensification and the dependence of the bat and bird habitat guilds on a certain vegetation structure demonstrate that conservation plans should place special emphasis on these guilds.
Woody Species Alpha‐diversity and Species Abundance Distributions in an African Semi‐deciduous Tropical Rain Forest
Authors: Mwavu Edward N. , Witkowski Ed T. F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding plant species diversity patterns and distributions is critical for conserving and sustainably managing tropical rain forests of high conservation value. We analyzed the alpha‐diversity, species abundance distributions, and relative ecological importance of woody species in the Budongo Forest, a remnant forest of the Albertine Rift in Uganda. In 32 0.5‐ha plots, we recorded 269 species in 171 genera and 51 families with stems of ≥2.0 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh). There were 53 more species with stems of ≥2.0 cm dbh than with stems of ≥10 cm dbh, of which 33 were treelets and 20 were multi‐stemmed shrubs. For both minimum stem diameter cut‐offs (i.e., ≥2 cm dbh vs. ≥10 cm dbh), the Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Ulmaceae, and Meliaceae families and the species Cynometra alexandri, Lasiodiscus mildbraedii, and Celtis mildbraedii had the highest relative ecological importance. The relative ecological importance of some species and families changed greatly with the minimum stem diameter measured. Alpha‐diversity, species richness, and species abundance distributions varied across historical management practice types, forest community types, and as a function of minimum stem diameter. Species richness and Shannon–Weiner diversity index were greater for species with stems of ≥2.0 cm dbh than of ≥10 cm dbh. The decrease in species evenness with an increasing number of plots was accompanied by an increase in species richness for trees of both minimum diameters. This forest is characterized by a small number of abundant species and a relatively large proportion of infrequent species, many of which are sparsely distributed and with restricted habitats. We recommend lowering the minimum stem diameter measured for woody species diversity studies in tropical forests from 10 cm dbh to 2 cm dbh to include a larger proportion of the species pool.
Stability of implants placed in fresh sockets versus healed alveolar sites: Early findings
Authors: Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , da Silva Neto Ulisses Tavares , Rossetti Paulo Henrique Orlato , Watinaga Sidney Eiji , Giro Gabriela , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe present study measured implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at three different time points after surgical procedures to compare whether the stability values differed between implants placed in fresh extraction sockets versus healed alveolar sites.Materials and methodsTo measure implant stability, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed in 77 patients (53 women, 24 men) with a total of 120 dental implants. These implants were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 60 implants in healed alveolar sites (22 in the maxilla, 38 in the mandible), and Group 2 included 60 implants in fresh sockets (41 in the maxilla, 19 in the mandible). Implant stability was measured immediately at implant placement (baseline), 90, and 150 days later. Statistical analysis was made using a multivariate regression linear model at implant level (α = 0.05).ResultsOverall, the means and standard deviations of the ISQ values were 62.7 ± 7.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 39–88) at baseline, 70.0 ± 6.22 (95% CI, 46–88) at 90 days, and 73.4 ± 5.84 (95% CI, 58–88) at 150 days. In Group 1, the ISQs ranged between 64.3 ± 6.20 and 75.0 ± 5.69, while in Group 2, presented lower values that ranged between 61.2 ± 8.09 and 71.9 ± 5.99 (P = 0.002). Anatomic location and times periods were the only identified variables with an influence on ISQ values at implant level (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe stabilities of the implants placed in the fresh sockets and in healed sites exhibited similar evolutions in ISQ values and thus osseointegration; however, the implants in the healed alveolar sites exhibited superior values at all time points.
F‐18‐FDG PET‐CT in children and young adults with Ewing sarcoma diagnosed in Norway during 2005–2012: a national population‐based study
Authors: Johnsen Boel , Boye Kjetil , Rosendahl Karen , Biermann Martin , Trovik Clement , Aukland Stein Magnus 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundTo examine national imaging strategies regarding the use of F‐18‐FDG PET‐CT in patients with Ewing sarcoma and study factors that might influence the use of PET‐CT, such as tumour biology (Picci grade of operation specimen), clinical disease stage and age.MethodsWe examined the medical records including pathology and imaging of all patients below 30 years diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma in Norway in 2005–2012.ResultsOf 61 patients treated at one of the two national sarcoma treatment service centres (Oslo: 35, Bergen: 26), 29 patients had localized disease, 8 had tumour extending to organs nearby and 24 had metastases. Among 35 operated patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 15 had Picci grades II and III (good responders) and 20 grade I (poor responders). We found a significant difference in the use of PET‐CT (Oslo/Bergen 0·9 versus 2·0 scans per patient, P = 0·010) and in the use of MRI (Oslo/Bergen: eight versus 13, P = 0·006). No differences were proven for ultrasound, radiography, CT or skeletal scintigraphy. The number of PET‐CTs was associated with clinical disease stage at diagnosis (P = 0·041) but not with Picci grade or age. The number of PET studies was not correlated to the number of MR studies.ConclusionsThe use of PET‐CT in children and young adults diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma in Norway during 2005–2012 at the two national sarcoma treatment service centres differed significantly. The use of PET‐CT imaging was related to the clinical disease stage at diagnosis but unrelated to patient age and tumour biology (Picci grade).
Elevated serum complement C3 levels are related to the development of prediabetes in an adult population: the Tianjin Chronic Low‐Grade Systematic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study
Authors: Bao X. , Xia Y. , Zhang Q. , Wu H. M. , Du H. M. , Liu L. , Wang C. J. , Shi H. B. , Guo X. Y. , Liu X. , Li C. L. , Su Q. , Meng G. , Yu B. , Sun S. M. , Wang X. , Zhou M. , Jia Q. Y. , Song K. , Niu K. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether serum complement C3 is related to the prevalence and incidence of prediabetes in an adult population.MethodsA cross‐sectional (n = 10 206) and prospective cohort study (n = 3333), with a mean (range; 95% CI) follow‐up of 2.63 (1–6; 2.58–2.68) years, was conducted in people recruited from the Health Management Centre of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital in Tianjin, China. Measurement of serum C3 concentration, blood fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance, HbA1c and other potential confounding factors was performed at baseline and each year during the follow‐up. Prediabetes was defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Adjusted logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the relationships between C3 quintiles and prediabetes.ResultsThe prevalence and incidence of prediabetes were 38.5% and 119 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. In cross‐sectional analysis, after adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios of prediabetes for increasing quintiles of C3 were 1.00 (reference), 1.32 (95% CI 1.14–1.53), 1.37 (95% CI 1.18–1.59), 1.75 (95% CI 1.51–2.03), 2.25 (95% CI 1.93–2.62; P for trend < 0.0001). In the cohort analysis, the multiple‐adjusted hazard ratio of prediabetes in the highest quintile of baseline C3 was 1.43 (95% CI 1.15, 1.78; P for trend < 0.001), when compared with the lowest quintile.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that elevated serum C3 levels are significantly related to an increased risk of developing prediabetes in an adult population, suggesting that C3 can be used as a biomarker in high‐risk individuals to improve primary prevention of prediabetes and diabetes.
Randomized controlled trial comparing impact on platelet reactivity of twice‐daily with once‐daily aspirin in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bethel M. A. , Harrison P. , Sourij H. , Sun Y. , Tucker L. , Kennedy I. , White S. , Hill L. , Oulhaj A. , Coleman R. L. , Holman R. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsReduced aspirin efficacy has been demonstrated in people with Type 2 diabetes. Because increased platelet reactivity and/or turnover are postulated mechanisms, we examined whether higher and/or more frequent aspirin dosing might reduce platelet reactivity more effectively.MethodsParticipants with Type 2 diabetes (n = 24) but without known cardiovascular disease were randomized in a three‐way crossover design to 2‐week treatment periods with aspirin 100 mg once daily, 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily. The primary outcome was platelet reactivity, assessed using the VerifyNow™ ASA method. Relationships between platelet reactivity and aspirin dosing were examined using generalized linear mixed models with random subject effects.ResultsPlatelet reactivity decreased from baseline with all doses of aspirin. Modelled platelet reactivity was more effectively reduced with aspirin 100 mg twice daily vs. 100 mg once daily, but not vs. 200 mg once daily. Aspirin 200 mg once daily did not differ from 100 mg once daily. Aspirin 100 mg twice daily was also more effective than once daily as measured by collagen/epinephrine‐stimulated platelet aggregation and urinary thromboxane levels, with a similar trend measured by serum thromboxane levels. No episodes of bleeding occurred.ConclusionsIn Type 2 diabetes, aspirin 100 mg twice daily reduced platelet reactivity more effectively than 100 mg once daily, and numerically more than 200 mg once daily. Clinical outcome trials evaluating primary cardiovascular disease prevention with aspirin in Type 2 diabetes may need to consider using a more frequent dosing schedule.
Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and associated factors among preschool children in Amman, Jordan
Authors: ElKarmi Rawan Fawwaz , Hamdan Mahmoud Anwar , Rajab Lamis Darwish , Abu‐Ghazaleh Suha Bassam , Sonbol Hawazen Nizar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground/AimsDental trauma is a major public health problem. However, baseline data regarding traumatic injuries to primary teeth in Jordan are lacking. The study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to primary anterior teeth among preschool children in Amman (Jordan), investigating the relationship between dental trauma and associated factors, and assessing the treatment provided and treatment need.Materials and methodsAfter obtaining ethical approval and parental consent, a cross‐sectional population‐based study examined a total of 1198 children attending 39 preschools randomly selected from different areas of Amman. Chi‐square test and stepwise logistic regression modeling were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 26.4%. The upper incisors were more likely to sustain dental trauma (91.7%). No statistically significant association was established between dental trauma and any of the socio‐demographic variables. The most common type of dental trauma was enamel fracture (43.1%) followed by pulp injury (39.7%). The odds ratio suggested that the risk of dental trauma was 1.89 times greater if the overjet was >3 mm, 1.93 times greater if the child had an anterior open bite, and 2.56 times greater if the child had inadequate lip coverage. Only 25.3% of children diagnosed with a TDI visited a dentist following their trauma.ConclusionsThe prevalence of dental trauma among preschool children in Amman (Jordan) was high; therefore, it is highly recommended to plan campaigns targeting parents, children, and medical/dental care providers that stress the importance of preventing dental trauma and treating it promptly.
Epidemiology of classical risk factors in stroke patients in the Middle East
Authors: Behrouz R. , Powers C. J. 
Published: June 2015

The Middle East (ME) is an ethnically and economically diverse region. A systematic review of all stroke studies conducted in the ME was carried out, with the aim of determining the prevalence of classic vascular risk factors (CRFs) across this region. Additionally, the prevalence of CRFs in the ME was compared to that of a US cohort. Prospective and retrospective ME stroke studies published from 1994 to 2014 were searched for that specifically reported on the prevalence of CRFs. The Z test for proportions was used to determine the significance of differences in CRF rates between the ME and non‐ME studies. A total of 21 724 stroke patients from 13 nations in the ME were included. The prevalence rates for CRFs in the ME stroke population were hypertension, 62.1%; diabetes, 33.1%; dyslipidaemia, 36.8%; ischaemic heart disease, 24.6%; smoking, 19.3%; and atrial fibrillation, 13.6%. Compared to the US cohort, ME patients had a lower prevalence of all CRFs except diabetes (P < 0.0001) and smoking (P = 0.05). Compared with stroke patients in the USA, those in the ME have a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes and smoking. Education and lifestyle modification is perhaps the most effective strategy in reducing the risk of stroke in this population.
Post‐stroke cognitive impairment is common even after successful clinical recovery
Authors: Jokinen H. , Melkas S. , Ylikoski R. , Pohjasvaara T. , Kaste M. , Erkinjuntti T. , Hietanen M. 
Published: June 2015

Background and purposeCognitive impairment is common after stroke, but the prevalence and long‐term significance of the diverse neuropsychological deficits on functional outcome are still not well known. The frequency and prognostic value of domain‐specific cognitive impairments were investigated in a large cohort of ischaemic stroke patients.MethodsConsecutive patients (n = 409), aged 55–85 years, from the acute stroke unit of the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, were evaluated with extensive clinical and neuropsychological assessments 3 months post‐stroke. Impairments within nine cognitive domains were determined according to age‐appropriate normative data from a random healthy population. Functional disability was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) 3 and 15 months post‐stroke.ResultsIn all, 83% patients showed impairment in at least one cognitive domain, whereas 50% patients were impaired in multiple (≥3) domains. In cases with excellent clinical recovery at 3 months (mRS = 0–1, no disability), the occurrence of any cognitive impairment was 71%. Memory, visuoconstructional and executive functions were most commonly impaired. A substantially smaller proportion of patients scored below the conventional or more stringent cut‐offs in the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Domain‐specific cognitive impairments were associated with functional dependence at 15 months regardless of stroke severity and other confounders.ConclusionsCognitive impairment as evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment is prevalent in stroke survivors even with successful clinical recovery. Typically multiple domains and complex cognitive abilities are affected. MMSE is not sensitive in detecting these symptoms. Post‐stroke cognitive impairment is strongly related to poor functional outcome.
Genetic variation in the adenosine regulatory cycle is associated with posttraumatic epilepsy development
Authors: Diamond Matthew L. , Ritter Anne C. , Jackson Edwin K. , Conley Yvette P. , Kochanek Patrick M. , Boison Detlev , Wagner Amy K. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveDetermine if genetic variation in enzymes/transporters influencing extracellular adenosine homeostasis, including adenosine kinase (ADK), [ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (NT5E), cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)], and equilibrative nucleoside transporter type‐1 (ENT‐1), is significantly associated with epileptogenesis and posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) risk, as indicated by time to first seizure analyses.MethodsNine ADK, three CD73, and two ENT‐1 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 162 white adults with moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and no history of premorbid seizures. Kaplan‐Meier models were used to screen for genetic differences in time to first seizure occurring >1 week post‐TBI. SNPs remaining significant after correction for multiple comparisons were examined using Cox proportional hazards analyses, adjusting for subdural hematoma, injury severity score, and isolated TBI status. SNPs significant in multivariate models were then entered simultaneously into an adjusted Cox model.ResultsComparing Kaplan‐Meier curves, rs11001109 (ADK) rare allele homozygosity and rs9444348 (NT5E) heterozygosity were significantly associated with shorter time to first seizure and an increased seizure rate 3 years post‐TBI. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that these genotypes remained significantly associated with increased PTE hazard up to 3 years post‐TBI after controlling for variables of interest (rs11001109: hazard ratio (HR) 4.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–15.77, p = 0.020; rs9444348: HR 2.95, 95% CI 1.19–7.31, p = 0.019) .SignificanceGenetic variation in ADK and NT5E may help explain variability in time to first seizure and PTE risk, independent of previously identified risk factors, after TBI. Once validated, identifying genetic variation in adenosine regulatory pathways relating to epileptogenesis and PTE may facilitate exploration of therapeutic targets and pharmacotherapy development.
One center's experience with complications during the Wada test
Authors: Beimer Nicholas J. , Buchtel Henry A. , Glynn Simon M. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to define the number and type of complications associated with the Wada test at an academic medical center for comparison to previous reports. We performed a retrospective review of medical records for patients who underwent the Wada test at the University of Michigan between April 1991 and June 2013. Information was collected regarding the angiography procedure and the immediate postoperative period to assess for both clinical and angiographic complications. A total of 436 patients were identified who underwent the Wada procedure between April 1991 and June 2013, and 431 patients were included in the final analysis. Twenty‐five patients (5.8%) had notable clinical events associated with the Wada test. Nine patients (2.1%) had clinical events meeting criteria for complication, which included seizures, status epilepticus, internal carotid artery vasospasm, inadvertent injection of anesthetic in the external carotid artery, and transient encephalopathy. No complications were associated with significant morbidity or mortality. This retrospective review of patients undergoing the Wada test found significantly fewer associated complications in comparison to previously published studies, with no patients experiencing long‐term morbidity. The Wada test should be considered a safe diagnostic tool for lateralizing language and memory.
Rule‐based approach for topic maps learning from relational databases
Authors: Jose‐Garcia A. , Lopez‐Arevalo I. , Sosa‐Sosa V. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRelational databases (RDBs) have been widely used as back end for information systems. Considering that RDBs have valuable knowledge interwoven in between stored data, how to access, represent and share this knowledge becomes an important challenge. Topic maps (TMs) emerge as a good solution for this problem. However, manual development of TMs is a difficult, time‐consuming and subjective task if there is no common guideline. The existing TMs building approaches mainly consider the meta‐information contained in a RDB, without considering the knowledge residing in the database content (its current state). Other approaches require a predefined configuration for applying a specific data transformation. This paper proposes an automatic method for TM construction based on learning rules. Our method considers the background knowledge of the RDBs during the building process and was implemented and applied on a representative set of 15 RDBs. The resulting TMs were validated syntactically using a standard tool and validated semantically through the inference of information using a formal query language. In addition, an analysis between the relational data (input) and its representation (output) was conducted. The results found in our experiments are encouraging and put in evidence the soundness of the proposed method.