bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Socioeconomic Status of International Immigrants in Chile Through Hierarchical Cluster Analysis: a Population‐Based Study
Authors: Cabieses Baltica , Tunstall Helena , Pickett Kate 
Published: March 2013

AbstractImmigration to Chile is not large (just under 2% of the total population) but has increased in recent years. This study aimed to analyse the socioeconomic status (SES) of immigrants in Chile and compare it with the Chilean‐born, by secondary data analysis of an anonymous nationally representative survey (CASEN, 2006). Immigrants are categorized into Low, Medium and High SES through hierarchical cluster analysis. Around 1 per cent of the total sample are international immigrants; an additional 0.7 per cent did not report their migration status. Self‐reported immigrants show great variability in their SES. Immigrants in the Low SES cluster appeared to be significantly younger than those in Medium and High SES, also more likely to be children, women and belong to an ethnic minority. Immigrants in the Low SES cluster appeared similar to the unemployed, poorest Chilean‐born but are more than eight years younger on average and more likely to be female. Immigrants to Chile are a unique group, with socio‐demographic characteristics that differ significantly from the Chilean‐born population, but there is great heterogeneity and complexity within this group. Cluster analysis provided a meaningful interpretation of the multidimensional concept of SES and allowed the identification of a vulnerable group of Low SES immigrants to Chile.
Outcomes of chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Spina R. , Chu S. Y. Y. , Chatfield M. , Chen J. , Tin M. M. , Boyer M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, long‐term survival rates in locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been disappointingly low, and treatment toxicities have been significant.AimsTo assess survival outcomes, treatment toxicities, patterns of disease recurrence and prognostic variables for patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with concurrent chemoradiation.MethodsPatients who completed treatment with chemotherapy and simultaneous chest irradiation for locally advanced NSCLC at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (Sydney, Australia) in the period January 1994 to July 2009 were identified. We retrospectively reviewed the patients' medical records to obtain patient demographic data, clinical data, information on tumour characteristics and treatment administered, and outcome data such as survival, treatment toxicities and tumour recurrence patterns.ResultsOur patient cohort consisted largely of urban‐dwelling male smokers with good baseline performance status. As of December 2012, 93/105 patients had died. Median overall and progression‐free survival was 20 months and 11 months respectively. The 5‐year survival rate was 17%. Eight patients had survived longer than 8 years, and 13 patients enjoyed progression‐free survival longer than 3 years. Locoregional tumour recurrence occurred most frequently, followed by brain and bone metastases. Adverse effects from chemoradiation included varying degrees of gastrointestinal, pulmonary and haematological toxicity. Three deaths occurred from radiation‐induced pneumonitis. Weight loss at presentation was statistically significantly associated with worse overall survival in univariate analyses (P = 0.01).ConclusionsOur survival results are consistent with the recent international literature and indicate that a proportion of patients with locally advanced NSCLC can enjoy prolonged survival following treatment with concurrent chemoradiation.
Alterssicherung der Frauen im spanischen Rentensystem
Authors: Cifre Concha Salvador 
Published: March 2013

AuszugDas Beispiel Spaniens bestätigt die verbreitete Meinung, dass beitragsabhängige Vorsorgepläne die Ungleichheit zwischen den Geschlechtern fortsetzen, was auf die Arbeitsmarktstrukturen und die Teilung der familiären Pflichten zurückzuführen ist. Generell haben Hausfrauen kein Anrecht auf eigene Renten und sind von tieferen Leistungen abhängig, so zum Beispiel von Hinterbliebenenrenten (abgeleitete Ansprüche) oder von beitragsfreien Renten. Frauen, die außerhalb ihres Heims arbeitstätig sind, erwerben wiederum niedrigere Ansprüche als Männer und erhalten in der Folge auch niedrigere Alters‐ bzw. Invaliditätsrenten (persönliche Ansprüche). Wir wollen hier die Rentenzahlungen in Spanien hinsichtlich des Geschlechts untersuchen, einzelne Rentenreformen seit dem Jahr 2000 beurteilen und Vorschläge unterbreiten, wie mit konkreten Maßnahmen der Übergang von abgeleiteten hin zu persönlichen Ansprüchen gefördert werden kann. Die Vorschläge möchten zur Gleichstellung der Geschlechter beitragen, die als Recht auf gleiches Wohlbefinden und finanzielle Sicherheit im Alter definiert wird.
The Content of the Oral Daily Reports at a Long‐Term Ward before and after Staff Training in Integrity Promoting Care
Authors: Kihlgren Mona , Lindsten Inge‐Gerd , Norberg Astrid , Karlssor Ingvar 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT. This study was based on the assumption that the daily report between different caregivers are of great importance for the quality of the care delivered and that they guide the content of it. The staff of a nursing home ward were given training in integrity promoting care and special training in reporting. After a three months' intervention period effects on patients and staff were evaluated and compared with a control ward. Positive patient outcomes have been reported earlier. The aim of this study was to describe the content of the oral daily reports between staff members in long‐term care and investigate whether some changes occurred after training that might have contributed to the positive results for the patients. Another aim was to assess whether the staff regarded the reports as satisfactory.Oral reports were tape‐recorded before and after staff training. A content analysis by a scheme based on Henderson's description of components of nursing care and a form analysis based on the nursing process were made. The reports were highly task oriented and the staff often discussed the patients' reaction in vague and general terms. The steps of the nursing process did not seem to be used. The answers to a questionnaire about the staff's satisfaction with the oral reports showed some increasing dissatisfaction and also comments about needs of more collaboration between different groups of personnel.More messages were given per report after the intervention compared to the control ward and the messages with psychosocial content had doubled. Thus the oral reports between staff had gone through some changes that could have contributed to the positive effects for the patients and on the interaction between patients and staff.
Female Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Sandvik Hogne , Kveine Eldri , Hunskaar Steinar 
Published: March 2013

One hundred and eighty‐seven Norwegian women with urinary incontinence (UI) were interviewed after having responded to a marketing campaign for incontinence aids.Nineteen per cent stated that UI was a negligible problem. Urge incontinence was associated with more mental distress, practical inconveniences, and social restrictions than stress incontinence. Young women were more handicapped by stress incontinence than old women. Severe incontinence was associated with more mental distress and practical inconveniences than slight incontinence.A wide variety of control measures was used, the most popular being absorbent products. Only four had not used any control measure.Fifty‐seven per cent had mentioned their UI‐problem with a doctor. The consultation rate increased with the severity and duration of UI. Only 36% were satisfied with the outcome of the consultation.
Prevalence of obesity among Arab school children in Nazareth, Israel: comparison with national (Jewish) and international data
Authors: Ram E. , Marcus O. , Joubran S. , Abdo B. , Asal N. R. 
Published: March 2013

What is already known about this subject
Lack of published data.
Absence of Ethnic specific data.
Lack of focus on obesity prevention in Arab schools.
What this study adds
First set of data on obesity for Arab children.
Data will be used as reference data.
Alert health/school official for intervention.
SummaryObjectiveThe objective is to produce the first set of obesity prevalence data and use the data as reference values of body mass index (BMI) trends for Arab children in Israel and compare with Jewish and international data.MethodsA prevalence study was carried out in 2009 in which 4130 children aged 6–12, were selected from eight Arab sector schools representing the Nazareth Municipality. Height, weight and BMI measurements were obtained and presented by age, mean age, size, weight, gender and percentile. Appropriate epidemiological and statistical methods used for comparison.ResultsThe obesity and overweight prevalence rates in Arab children by age ranges from 0% to 2.6% and 0% to 11.2%, respectively. Comparison with international and Jewish data revealed differences in almost all age groups but higher rates in Arabs, especially boys.DiscussionThe higher rates/trends in Arab children may be explained by more Arab women entering the workforce, increase in single‐parent families and changes in food and physical activity environments.ConclusionBased on our data, we recommend either an ethnic‐specific BMI reference curves and/or inclusion of Arab data in the Israeli data system. Research need to focus on reasons for the increase and interventions to reverse/slow the trend.
Sleep and birthweight predict visceral adiposity in overweight/obese children
Authors: Sokolovic N. , Kuriyan R. , Kurpad A. V. , Thomas T. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundVisceral adiposity poses significant consequences for long‐term health and it is important to identify methods that can be used to prevent fat deposition in visceral adipose tissue.ObjectiveTo identify the factors contributing to differential fat distribution in overweight/obese children.MethodsDemographic, dietary and lifestyle factors potentially associated with increased visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese South‐Indian children aged 3 to 16 years. The diagnosis of visceral obesity was based on the waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) cut‐off value of 0.5.ResultsExposure variables with statistically different distributions in the two WHtR categories, when examined by Mann–Whitney and chi‐square tests, were used to develop a binary logistic regression model of visceral adiposity. Increased birthweight and higher sleep duration were significant predictors of having a healthy WHtR, with odds ratios of 1.30 and 1.26 respectively.ConclusionsEarly programming effects associated with low birthweight and current sleep deprivation could promote the storage of excess fat as visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese children.
Caesarean delivery, caesarean delivery on maternal request and childhood overweight: a Chinese birth cohort study of 181 380 children
Authors: Li H. , Ye R. , Pei L. , Ren A. , Zheng X. , Liu J. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
What is already known about this subject
Both rates of caesarean section and childhood overweight have been steadily increasing over the past decade in many parts of the world.
Caesarean delivery on maternal request contributes remarkably to the rising trend of caesarean births.
A few small‐scale studies suggest that caesarean section may be associated with later overweight and obesity, whereas little is known about the impact of caesarean delivery on maternal request.

What this study adds
Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood overweight.
Children born by caesarean delivery on maternal request are also more likely to be overweight.
The strength of the caesarean‐overweight association is modest.
ObjectivesTo assess the impact of caesarean delivery including non‐medically indicated maternal request caesarean delivery on childhood overweight.MethodsWe conducted a prospective investigation of a Chinese birth cohort involving 181 380 children, who were born during 1993–1996 to mothers registered in a perinatal care surveillance system and whose weight and height were measured in 2000. Information on delivery mode and covariates was obtained from the surveillance system. Overweight was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force body mass index (BMI) cutoffs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios. Stratified analyses were done to test whether the association between caesarean section and overweight persisted across subgroups.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratio of overweight for children born by caesarean compared with vaginal delivery was 1.13 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.08, 1.18]. The association persisted in subgroups stratified by gender, maternal education, maternal BMI, weight gain during pregnancy and child birthweight (all P values for interaction test ≥0.30). The adjusted odds ratio of overweight for children born by non‐medically indicated caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.41).ConclusionCaesarean delivery including non‐medically indicated maternal request caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery modestly increases childhood overweight risk.
Effect of Polishing Direction on the Marginal Adaptation of Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: St‐Pierre Laurie , Bergeron Cathia , Qian Fang , Hernández Maria Marcela , Kolker Justine L. , Cobb Deborah S. , Vargas Marcos A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractProblemPolishing composite resin restorations may lead to marginal defects and gap formation.PurposeTo assess the effect of polishing direction on the marginal adaptation of composite resin restorations using two composite resins and two polishing systems.Materials and MethodsForty extracted human molars were sectioned along their mesio‐distal axis. Buccal and lingual enamel was flattened and a triangular preparation, 0.87‐mm deep and 3‐mm wide, representing two 60° bevels, was performed. Specimens were randomly assigned to eight groups (N = 20) and restored with two composite resins: a nanofilled (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) or a microhybrid (Point 4, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) and finished with two polishing techniques: polishing discs (Sof‐Lex XT, 3M ESPE) or rubber polishers (HiLuster Plus, Kerr, Bioggio, Switzerland). On each specimen, both margins were polished with the same technique, one margin from composite resin to tooth and the other from tooth to composite resin. Replicas were made for field emission scanning electron microscope observation (200×) and quantitative margin analysis was performed based on four criteria. Data were analyzed with a paired‐sample t‐test, a two‐sample t‐test, and one‐way analysis of variance or their nonparametric analog.ResultsSignificant differences were found in most groups between polishing directions with better marginal adaptation from composite resin to tooth than from tooth to composite resin. Differences between composite resins and polishing techniques seemed to be dependent on certain combinations of composite resin, polishing technique, and polishing direction.ConclusionPolishing from composite resin to tooth leads to better marginal adaptation than polishing from tooth to composite resin.Clinical SignificanceThe results obtained from this in vitro study suggest that polishing direction influences the marginal adaptation of composite resins and that polishing from composite resin to tooth structure should be clinically performed whenever possible on accessible margins to preserve marginal integrity and esthetics.
Are cervical and breast cancer screening programmes equitable? The case of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Cobigo V. , Ouellette‐Kuntz H. , Balogh R. , Leung F. , Lin E. , Lunsky Y. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundEffective cancer screening must be available for all eligible individuals without discrimination. Lower rates of cervical and breast cancer screening have been reported in certain groups compared with women from the general population, such as women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Research on the factors explaining those observed differences is crucial to determine whether practices are unfair and could be improved. The aim of this population‐based study was to describe cancer screening utilisation by women with IDD in Ontario, Canada compared with other women in Ontario. The specific objectives were (1) to estimate the rates of cervical and breast cancer screening among eligible women with IDD in Ontario; (2) to compare the rates of cervical and breast cancer screening between eligible women with and without IDD; and (3) to examine if any observed differences between women with and without IDD persist after factors such as age, socio‐economic status, rurality and healthcare utilisation are accounted for.MethodThis study draws women with IDD from an entire population, and draws a randomly selected comparison group from the same population. It controls for important confounders in cancer screening within the limitations of the data sources. The study was conducted using health administrative databases and registries in Ontario, Canada. Two cohorts were created: a cohort of all women identified as having an IDD and a cohort consisting of a random sample of 20% of the women without IDD.ResultsThe proportion of women with IDD who are not screened for cervical cancer is nearly twice what it is in the women without IDD, and 1.5 times what it is for mammography.ConclusionsFindings suggest that women with IDD experience inequities in their access to cancer screening. Public health interventions targeting this population should be implemented.
Patterns of sensitisation to common food and inhalant allergens and allergic symptoms in pre‐school children
Authors: Kim Hyeong Yun , Shin Youn Ho , Yum Hye Yung , Jee Hye Mi , Jang Sun Jung , Yoon Jung Won , Han Man Yong 
Published: March 2013

AimSensitisation to allergens and allergy symptoms depends on age, but this relationship is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of age on allergen sensitisation and allergy symptoms in pre‐school children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 629 Korean children (age 3 to 6 years). Current allergic symptoms were assessed by the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire that was adapted for pre‐school children. Sensitisation to five airborne and three food allergens was evaluated by a skin prick test. χ2 test was used to analyse differences in age trend. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for allergic disease.ResultsAs age increased, the prevalence of current rhinitis (P < 0.001), the sensitisation to pollen allergens (P < 0.001) and polysensitised children (P = 0.002) increased, but the prevalence of current asthma (P = 0.010) and the sensitisation to food allergens (P = 0.009) decreased. There was no effect of age on the prevalence of current eczema (P = 0.685), monosensitised children (P = 0.282) and atopy (P = 0.160). The agreement between sensitisation to dust mites and atopy increased with age, and was 93% at age 6 years (P = 0.05). The polysensitisation (aOR = 3.0 (95% CI, 1.4–5.0), P < 0.005) and the presence of eczema in the first 2 years of life (aOR = 4.1 (95% CI, 2.2–7.6), P < 0.001) were significant independent risk factors for current rhinoconjunctivitis.ConclusionThe type and number of allergen sensitisations and allergic symptoms changed from age 3 to 6 years. Careful follow‐up of changes in sensitisation patterns may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the allergic march.
Central neuropeptide W has anorexigenic effect in rats
Authors: Naso T. , Shousha S. , El‐Kirdasy A. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryNeuropeptide W (NPW) is produced in neurons located in hypothalamus, brain stem and antral G cells and its receptors are present in the hypothalamus, in particular in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). There are two forms of the peptide, designated as neuropeptide W‐23 (NPW23) and neuropeptide W‐30 (NPW30). Neuropeptide W is an endogenous ligand for G‐protein‐coupled receptor, GPR7 and GPR8 receptors (R), which in humans are expressed in the hypothalamus and probably involved in the control of energy homoeostasis and neuroendocrine axes. We conducted this study to investigate the effects of NPW on feeding intake and energy expenditure in Wistar rats. Systemic (icv) injection of both forms of neuropeptide W (NPW23 and NPW30) to ad libitum feeding Wistar rats decreased dark feeding and fasting‐induced feeding. One week of systemic treatment with NPW23 decreased feeding intake and weight gain during the treatment period. On the other hand, systemic treatment with antineuropeptide W antibody increased feeding intake. Moreover, systemic treatment with neuropeptide W‐23 raised body temperature and consequently thermogenesis. These results strongly suggest that neuropeptide W may play an important central role in the feeding intake and energy balance control in mammals.
Guidelines for Structuring Community Care and Supports for People With Intellectual Disabilities Affected by Dementia
Authors: Jokinen Nancy , Janicki Matthew P. , Keller Seth M. , McCallion Philip , Force Lawrence T. ,   National Task Group on Intellectual Disabilities and Dementia Practices
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo assist families and organizations in their planning for extended care that accompanies the diagnosis of dementia, the National Task Group on Intellectual Disabilities and Dementia Practices (NTG) in the United States adopted a set of practice guidelines covering the period from when suspicions are aroused to when care ends with eventual death. These guidelines are drawn from the research literature as well as clinical experiences and demonstrated best practices. The guidelines delineate what actions should be undertaken and are presented in a manner that reflects the progressive nature of prevalent dementias. To enable the development of the most appropriate and useful services and care management for adults with intellectual disabilities affected by dementia, the NTG adopted the staging model generally accepted for practice among generic dementia services. The staging model follows the flow from a prediagnosis stage when early recognition of symptoms associated with cognitive decline are recognized through to early, mid, and late stages of dementia, and characterizes the expected changes in behavior and function. In keeping with the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease recommendations for earlier and more widespread efforts to detect possible symptoms, the guidelines cite the application of the NTG‐Early Detection Screen for Dementia as a first step in documenting early signs of cognitive and functional changes among people with intellectual disabilities. The guidelines also provide information on nonpharmacological options for providing community care for persons affected by dementia as well as commentary on abuse, financial, managing choice and liability, medication, and nutritional issues.