bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Ameliorates Disease in a Murine Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nozawa Kazuhisa , Fujishiro Maki , Kawasaki Mikiko , Yamaguchi Ayako , Ikeda Keigo , Morimoto Shinji , Iwabuchi Kazuhisa , Yanagida Mitsuaki , Ichinose Shouzo , Morioka Megumi , Ogawa Hideoki , Takamori Kenji , Takasaki Yoshinari , Sekigawa Iwao 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveWe have shown that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of blockade of the CTGF pathway on the development of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.MethodsArthritis was induced in DBA/1J mice by immunization with a combination of type II collagen (CII) and Freund's complete adjuvant. We evaluated the development of arthritis in mice with CIA left untreated versus treated with neutralizing anti‐CTGF monoclonal antibody (mAb).ResultsInhibition of CTGF in mice treated with neutralizing anti‐CTGF mAb significantly ameliorated arthritis compared to the untreated mice with CIA. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3 were reduced by anti‐CTGF mAb treatment. Moreover, blockade of CTGF decreased interleukin‐17 expression on purified CD4+ T lymphocytes. Although the expression of the retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor γt gene was not suppressed by anti‐CTGF mAb treatment, that of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF‐4) and IκBζ (Nfkbiz), which are other important molecules for the differentiation of Th17 cells, was suppressed. In addition, blockade of CTGF inhibited pathologic proliferation of T lymphocytes in response to CII restimulation in vitro. Moreover, aberrant osteoclastogenesis in mice with CIA was restored by anti‐CTGF mAb treatment.ConclusionOur findings indicate that blockade of CTGF prevents the progression of arthritis in mice with CIA. Anti‐CTGF mAb treatment suppresses pathologic T cell function and restores aberrant osteoclastogenesis in mice with CIA. CTGF may become a new target for the treatment of RA.
Does the magnetic field of a magnetic stirrer in an optical aggregometer affect concurrent platelet aggregation?
Authors: Sagdilek Engin , Sebik Oguz , Celebi Gurbuz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPlatelets are subjected to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields during standard aggregometry measurements owing to the use of a magnetic stir bar in the instrument. This study evaluates the effects of this magnetic field exposure on platelet aggregation by comparing the results obtained in a modified aggregometer. Blood samples from healthy volunteers were anticoagulated using citrate or heparin. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) samples were prepared. A mechanical stirring device was attached to the aggregometer instead of the magnetic stir bar system. The PRP samples were stirred using a stirring rod tip that did not produce any magnetic fields in one channel of the aggregometer; in the other channel, a stirring rod carrying a small magnet at its tip was used. As a result, a magnetic field in the extremely low frequency range and in the amplitude range of 1.9–65 mT was applied to the platelets assigned to the channel where the magnetic stirring rod tip was used. Aggregation was induced using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, or epinephrine. The slopes, maximum aggregation values, and areas under the aggregation curves were compared between the magnetic and neutral stirring rod tip groups. For samples stirred with the magnetic stirring rod tip, a significant decrease was observed in 12 of the 14 parameters evaluated for aggregations induced with ADP or collagen compared to the neutral stirring rod tip, regardless of the method used for anticoagulation. This observation indicates that the magnetic stir bars used in standard aggregometry may significantly alter aggregation parameters and platelets may be possible targets of electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 34:349–357, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Na1.515EuGeS4, a Three‐Dimensional Crystalline Assembly of Empty Nanotubules Constructed with Europium(II/III) Mixed Valence Ions.
Authors: Choudhury Amitava , Grandjean Fernande , Long Gary J. , Dorhout Peter K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe new title compound is synthesized by reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Eu, Ge, S, and Na2S (sealed silica tube, 750 °C, 150 h; 5 °C/h cooling rate).
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Cation Order in Anion‐Deficient BanYFen‐1O2.5n Perovskite Phases.
Authors: Luo Kun , Hayward Michael A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTitle phases with n = 2, 3, and 4 are synthesized from stoichiometric amounts of BaCO3, Y2O3, and Fe2O3 (flowing Ar, 1425 °C, 80 h) and characterized by powder XRD, neutron powder diffraction, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of a New Lead Aluminum Fluoride Borate, Pb6AlB2O7F7.
Authors: Dong Lingyun , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Zhao Wenwu , Dong Xiaoyu , Wang Ying , Huang Yineng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of PbF2, Al2O3, and H3BO3 at 430 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antitumor Activities of the Dimeric Silicotungstate Containing Cobalt: Na5K7 [{β‐SiCo2W10O36(OH)2 (H2O)}2]·39.5H2O.
Authors: Tan Rongxin , Pang Xiaohong , Wang Hui , Cui Shuxin , Jiang Yaping , Wang Cheng , Wang Xiaohong , Song Wenzhi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRed block crystals of the title compound are prepared by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing Co(OAc)2, K8[γ‐SiW10O36], NaHCO3, and KCl (10 °C, 14 d; 47% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Direction in the Cyclization of α,α′‐Diaminated Cyclopentanone with Malonic Dialdehyde Tetramethyl Acetal.
Authors: Utkina A. A. , Kurkin A. V. , Yurovskaya M. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractReaction of α,α′‐diaminated cyclopentanone (I) with acetal (II) affords two new unexpected products (IV) and (V) along with the pyrazole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of N‐Heteroarenes with Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides.
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Jian , Song Feijie , You Jingsong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractArylsulfonyl hydrazides are established as readily available, air‐stable arylation reagents for Pd‐catalyzed direct C‐arylation of N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning Efficiency of the 4‐exo‐Trig Cyclization by the Electronic Effects: Ring Closure of 3,3‐Difluoro‐4‐pentenyl Carbon Radicals and Synthesis of a gem‐Difluorocyclobutane Nucleoside.
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroki , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe potential antiviral agent (VII), available from cyclobutane (V), does not exhibit any activity in preliminary tests.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Palladium(II)‐1‐methylimidazole Complex Catalyzed Amination Between Aryl Chlorides and Amides.
Authors: Chen Wen‐Xin , Shao Li‐Xiong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe method provides a mild and convenient approach to a wide range of aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Mannich‐Type Reactions of α‐Aminoacetonitrile Using Fluorenylidene as a Protecting and Activating Group.
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Masatoshi , Chen Yi‐Jing , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe highly stereoselective reaction tolerates a wide substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Amberlyst‐15‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryltetrahydrofurans from Tetrahydrofuran.
Authors: Gunduz Hande , Kumbaraci Volkan , Talinli Naciye 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTreatment of naphthols and phenols with THF affords the title compounds via rearrangement of initially formed tetrahydrofuranyl ethers which still remain in small amounts as by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Serendipitous Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy Tetrahydrofurans from Tin‐Catalyzed Sulfonylation of Acyclic 1,2,4‐Triols.
Authors: Gamedze Makhosazana P. , Maseko Rejoice B. , Chigondo Fidelis , Nkambule Comfort M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstractcis‐Triols (I) undergo base‐promoted, tin‐catalyzed reaction with tosyl chloride to form hydroxylactones (II) exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Aerobic Aza‐Wacker‐Type Cyclization: Synthesis of Isoindolinones Bearing Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters.
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Shen Chaoren , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe use of a highly coordinating solvent is crucial for the activity of the Pd(II)/chiral pyridyloxazoline catalyst and the stereoselectivity of the reaction (up to 99%ee).
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Demanding Imidazolinium Salts Through the Activation and Cyclization of Formamides.
Authors: Tsimerman Michael , Mallik Debasis , Matsuo Tsukasa , Otani Takashi , Tamao Kohei , Organ Michael G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of sterically demanding imidazolium salts (V) and (IX) via the formamide activation strategy facilitates cyclizations that are too challenging for the classical orthoformate ester cyclization protocol and thus allows the formation of more sterically hindered derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Protocol for the Efficient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Benzothiazolylquinoline‐2,5‐diones and Their Spiro Analogues.
Authors: Arya Anand Kumar , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Kumar Mahendra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA simple one‐pot four‐component approach in the presence of sulfamic acid leads to the desired heterocyclic systems, required for medicinal research.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Five‐Component Synthesis of Spirocyclopenta[b]chromene Derivatives and Their Acid‐Catalyzed Rearrangement.
Authors: Terzidis Michael A. , Zaraganes‐Tzitzikas Tryfon , Tsimenidis Constantinos , Stephanidou‐Stephanatou Julia , Tsoleridis Constantinos A. , Kostakis George E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTreatment of 3‐cyanochromones with the isocyanides (II) and acetylenecarboxylates in a molar ratio of 1:3:3 to results in formation of novel spirocyclic chromenes of type (IV) or (VI)/ (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 4H‐2‐Acetyl‐3‐amino‐furo[3,2‐c]benzopyran‐4‐one, Oxime of 4H‐2‐Acetyl‐3‐amino‐furo[3,2‐c]benzopyran‐4‐one, 11H‐2‐Chloromethyl‐4‐methyl‐pyrimido[3,2‐d]furo [3,2‐c]benzopyran‐11‐one‐3N‐oxide and 11H‐2‐[Methylene morpholine]‐4‐methyl‐pyrimido[3,2‐d]furo [3,2‐c]benzopyran‐11‐one‐3N‐oxide
Authors: Mulwad V. V. , Hedge A. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAll new compounds (III), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) possess good antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyridin‐2‐one Derivatives in Convergent Mode Applying Biocatalyst Vitamin B1 and Polymer‐Supported Catalyst PEG—SO3H from Two Different Sets of Building Blocks.
Authors: Pradhan Koyel , Bhattacharyya Pranabes , Paul Sanjay , Das Asish R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBoth methods afford the pharmaceutically interesting title compounds (22 examples) with similar yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Reagents in Organocatalysis: Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Methylene‐δ‐lactones and δ‐Lactams.
Authors: Albrecht Anna , Morana Fabio , Fraile Alberto , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDifferent protocols for preparation of the title compounds are developed, based on the organocatalytic, enantioselective addition of phosphonoacetate (I) to aromatic enals as the key‐step.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Syntheses of 2,7‐(Het)arylpyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines by an Orthogonal Cross‐Coupling Strategy.
Authors: Maingot Lucie , Dehbi Oussama , Buron Frederic , Aadil Mina , Akssira Mohamed , Routier Sylvain , Guillaumet Gerald 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo sequential cross‐coupling reactions of substrate (I) with arylboronic acids allow the approach to the desired target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation‐Exchange Resin as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinones.
Authors: Wang M. , Zhang T. T. , Gao J. J. , Liang Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVarious mono‐ and disubstituted 2,3‐dihydroquinazolinones (III) and (V) are efficiently synthesized by a one‐pot three‐component reaction of isatoic anhydride, aromatic aldehydes, and primary amines or ammonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines as Inhibitors of Firefly Luciferase: Their Cu‐Mediated Synthesis and Evaluation as False Positives in a Reporter Gene Assay.
Authors: Nakhi Ali , Rahman Md. Shafiqur , Kishore Ravada , Meda Chandana Lakshmi T. , Deora Girdhar Singh , Parsa Kishore V. L. , Pal Manojit 
Published: February 2013

Abstract2‐Substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines (V) are prepared in a single reaction from 3‐alkynyl‐2‐chloroquinoxalines (III) using methanesulfonamide as ammonia surrogate.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Novel Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole Derivative Attached to Quinoxalinones.
Authors: Mukherjee Chandrani , Watanabe Kenneth T. , Biehl Edward R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVarious biologically important derivatives are prepared by reaction of α‐keto esters (I) with o‐phenylenediamines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Reaction for the Synthesis of Pyrazolones Bearing a Phenothiazine Unit.
Authors: Baciu‐Atudosie Lavinia , Ghinet Alina , Belei Dalila , Gautret Philippe , Rigo Benoit , Bicu Elena 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe convenient procedure involves formation of hydrazines from substrates (I) followed by reaction with esters (II).
Absolute Bioavailability and Effect of Food on the Disposition of Safinamide Immediate Release Tablets in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Seithel‐Keuth Annick , Johne Andreas , Freisleben Achim , Kupas Katrin , Lissy Michael , Krösser Sonja 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to establish the basic intravenous (IV) single‐dose PK of safinamide and its major human metabolites, the absolute bioavailability (BA) and food effect on safinamide tablets. Fourteen healthy adult male and female subjects received 50 mg safinamide single‐dose treatments according to a randomized, 3‐period, 2‐sequence crossover design: immediate release (IR) tablets, administered after an overnight fast and after a standardized high‐fat, high‐calorie breakfast, and IV solution, administered over 30 minutes. Treatments were separated by wash‐out intervals of at least 17 days. Serial blood samples were collected for 240 hours postdosing to evaluate safinamide parent drug and metabolite concentrations for the determination of PK parameters. The absolute BA of safinamide 50 mg IR tablets was high, with geoMean AUC0–∞ ratios of about 95% (90% CI: 90–99%) indicating that safinamide is virtually completely absorbed after oral administration. Safinamide IR tablets did not display a food effect on exposure parameters; both 90% CIs for the ratios fed/fasted of AUC0–∞ and Cmax were entirely within the bioequivalence acceptance margins of 80–125%. Only tmax was delayed by about 30% in the fed state. Oral and IV safinamide 50 mg single‐dose administrations were generally well tolerated.
Antidepressant‐Like Activity of Agomelatine in the Mouse Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Model
Authors: Mutlu Oguz , Gumuslu Esen , Ulak Guner , Celikyurt Ipek Komsuoglu , Akar Furuzan , Bektas Emine , Demirtas Tugce , Kır Hale Maral , Musul Mahmut Mert , Erden Faruk 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether chronic agomelatine treatment which acts as an agonist of melatonergic MT1 and MT2 receptors would block unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)‐induced depression‐like behavior in mice as compared with fluoxetine and melatonin. Male inbred BALB/c mice were treated with agomelatine (10 mg/kg i.p.), melatonin (10 mg/kg ip), fluoxetine (15 mg/kg ip), or vehicle for 5 weeks. All compounds tested blocked the stress‐induced deficit in coat state during the UCMS procedure, increased total latency of grooming in the splash test, decreased attack frequency in the resident/intruder test, and reduced immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests. All compounds also reduced the levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in stressed mice. The results of this study indicate that agomelatine, which has a novel mode of action, can be as effective as fluoxetine for the treatment of depression.
A GLOBAL MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL YIELD CURVES: NO‐ARBITRAGE TERM STRUCTURE APPROACH
Authors: Kaminska Iryna , Meldrum Andrew , Smith James 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper extends a popular no‐arbitrage affine term structure model to jointly model bond markets and exchange rates across the UK, USA and euro area. Using a monthly data set of forward rates from 1992, we first demonstrate that two global factors account for a significant proportion in the variation of bond yields across countries. We also show that, for an explanation of country‐specific movements in yield curves, local factors are required. Although we implement a very general factor structure, we find that our global factors are related to global inflation and global economic activity, whereas local factors are closely linked to monetary policy rates. In this respect, our results are similar to previous work. But an important advantage of our joint international model is that we are able to decompose interest rates into risk‐free rates and risk premia. Additionally, we are able to study the implications for exchange rates. We show that whereas differences in risk‐free rates matter, to a large extent, changes in the exchange rate are determined by time‐varying exchange rate risk premia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of highly cross‐linked polyethylene wear debrisin vivo
Authors: Baxter Ryan M. , MacDonald Daniel W. , Kurtz Steven M. , Steinbeck Marla J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDespite the widespread implementation of highly cross‐linked polyethylene (HXLPE) liners to reduce the clinical incidence of osteolysis, it is not known if the improved wear resistance will outweigh the inflammatory potential of HXLPE wear debris generatedin vivo. Thus, we asked: What are the differences in size, shape, number, and biological activity of polyethylene wear particles obtained from primary total hip arthroplasty revision surgery of conventional polyethylene (CPE) versus remelted or annealed HXLPE liners? Pseudocapsular tissue samples were collected from revision surgery of CPE and HXLPE (annealed and remelted) liners, and digested using nitric acid. The isolated polyethylene wear particles were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Tissues from both HXLPE cohorts contained an increased percentage of submicron particles compared to the CPE cohort. However, the total number of particles was lower for both HXLPE cohorts, as a result there was no significant difference in the volume fraction distribution and specific biological activity (SBA; the relative biological activity per unit volume) between cohorts. In contrast, based on the decreased size and number of HXLPE wear debris there was a significant decrease in total particle volume (mm3/g of tissue). Accordingly, when the SBA was normalized by total particle volume (mm3/gm tissue) or by component wear volume rate (mm3/year), functional biological activity of the HXLPE wear debris was significantly decreased compared to the CPE cohort. Indications for this study are that the osteolytic potential of wear debris generated by HXLPE linersin vivois significantly reduced by improvements in polyethylene wear resistance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 467–475, 2013.
Pseudosymmetry analysis of molecular orbitals
Authors: Casanova David , Alemany Pere , Falceto Andrés , Carreras Abel , Alvarez Santiago 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe introduce a pseudosymmetry analysis of molecular orbitals by means of the newly proposed irreducible representation measures. To do that we define first what we consider as molecular pseudosymmetry and the relationships of this concept with those of approximate symmetry and quasisymmetry. We develop a general algorithm to quantify the pseudosymmetry content of a given object within the framework of the finite group algebra. The obtained mathematical expressions are able to decompose molecular orbitals by means of the irreducible representations of any reference symmetry point group. The implementation and usefulness of the pseudosymmetry analysis of molecular orbitals is demonstrated in the study of σ and π orbitals in planar and nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the t2g and eg character of the d‐orbitals in the [FeH6]3− anion in its high spin state along the Bailar twist pathway. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic Study of Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange of Glutamic Acid in Deuterated Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: She Anqi , Gang Hongze , Yang Shizhong , Mu Bozhong 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the hydrogen–deuterium (H–D) exchange at both the methine (alpha) and methylene (gamma) positions of glutamic acid in deuterated hydrochloric acid solution has been studied in the temperature range of 383–433 K by 1H NMR detection. The reaction rates of H–D exchange at the two positions were described by applying multivariable linear regression (MLR) analysis and are determined as v = k[Glu]3.3[D3O+]1.5 mol L−1 h−1 with k = 3.52 × 1016 × exp (–1.37 × 105/RT) mol−3.8 L h−1 for the alpha position as well as v = k[Glu]1.0[D3O+]0.45 mol L−1 h−1 with k = 1.77 × 1012 × exp (–0.99 × 105/RT) mol−0.45 L h−1 for the gamma position. The Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) at the gamma position is less than that at the alpha position, which implies that the deuteration reaction at the gamma position proceeded more easily.
Influence of Cu(II) Ions on the Mechanism of the Ring Transformation of S‐(2‐Oxotetrahydrofuran‐3‐yl)‐N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)isothiouronium Bromide
Authors: Váňa Jiří , Sedlák Miloš , Hanusek Jiří 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of additional Cu(II) ions on the rate of transformation of S‐(2‐oxotetrahydrofuran‐3‐yl)‐N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)isothiouronium bromide (1) into 5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐2‐[(4‐methoxyphenyl)imino]‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐one (2) has been studied in aqueous buffer solutions. The reaction acceleration in acetate buffers is caused by the formation of a relatively weakly bonded complex (Kc = 600 L·mol−1) of substrate with copper(II) acetate in which the Cu(II) ion acts as a Lewis acid coordinating the carbonyl oxygen and facilitating the intramolecular attack, leading to the formation of intermediate T±. The formation of the complex of copper(II) acetate with free isothiourea in the fast preequilibrium (Kc) is followed by the rate‐limiting transformation (kCu) of this complex. At the high concentrations of the acetate anions, the reaction is retarded by the competitive reaction of these ions with copper(II) acetate to give an unreactive complex [Cu(OAc)4]2−. The influence of Cu(II) ions on the stability of reaction intermediates and the leaving group ability of the alkoxide‐leaving group compared to the Cu(II)‐uncatalyzed reaction is also discussed.
An ensemble based turbulence forecasting system
Authors: Gill Philip G. , Buchanan Piers 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTTurbulence is a major source of weather‐related aviation incidents. There are many different indicators used to try and predict where turbulence is likely to occur. The indicators are derived from deterministic models although they are often quoted as probabilities. This paper proposes the use of ensemble forecasts from the Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS) to produce a probabilistic indicator of wind shear and convectively induced moderate or greater turbulence. An objective verification scheme using high‐resolution automated aircraft observations from the Global Aircraft Data Set is used to compare the skill with the routinely available World Area Forecast Centre gridded turbulence forecasts. The forecasts are assessed globally over a 12 month period from November 2010 to October 2011 looking at the skill, reliability and economic value of the forecasts.