bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonad morphology, gametogenesis, and reproductive modes in fishes of the tribe Starksiini (Teleostei, Blenniiformes)
Authors: Fishelson Lev , Baldwin Carole C. , Hastings Philip A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA comparative study of the reproductive organs in 17 of the 30 species of the tribe Starksiini (Labrisomidae, Blenniiformes) and related labrisomids reveals the major traits of gamete form and production and likely reproductive modes. The testes are of the lobular type and have a testicular gland and sperm ducts. Isodiametric sperm (aquasperm) with a globular head or anisodiametric sperm (introsperm) with an elongate head, or both, were observed in the studied species. Both types have either one or two flagella in the sperm tail. Ovaries of the Starksiini are bilobed and exhibit synchronous or asynchronous egg production. Although viviparity or “ovoviviparity” reportedly characterizes the group, our study revealed evidence of both internal and external fertilization and three modes of reproduction. External fertilization or ovuliparity is suggested for the Starksia atlantica and S. lepicoelia species complexes by the presence in males of a short genital papilla that is not reinforced through adhesion with the first anal‐fin spine and by the absence of sperm within the ovaries. Internal fertilization and zygoparity is indicated for most species by the presence of an intromittent papilla in males that is adhered to the first anal‐fin spine, “nests” of sperm within the ovaries, absence of embryos within the ovarian lamellae and usually thick egg envelopes bearing dense covers of adhesive filaments. Internal fertilization and embryoparity is indicated for starksia fulva and Xenomedea rhodopyga by an intromittent papilla that is adhered to the first anal‐fin spine of males, anisodiametric sperm in males, delicate egg envelopes without adhesive filaments and developing embryos within follicular envelopes or within the follicle in females. Although many of these features are seen in the internally fertilizing clinid blennies, starksiins differ in retaining the testicular gland typical of labrisomids and in lacking sperm packaging typical of other internally fertilizing teleosts. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rates of the colloid coagulation in the presence of irreversibly adsorbing and non‐adsorbing polymers
Authors: Chervanyov A.I. , Heinrich G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe have developed an analytic self‐consistent field theory of the effective interactions between nano‐ colloids mediated by irreversibly adsorbing polymers and non‐adsorbing polymers having a gyration radius much larger than that of colloids. By making use of this theory, we have calculated the potential of the polymer‐mediated forces for the above cases of polymer adsorption. On the basis of the obtained results for the polymer‐mediated potentials, we have obtained the stability ratio and rate of the coagulation in the presence of adsorbing and non‐adsorbing polymers. As a final result of our studies, we constructed the coagulation diagram that quantifies the combined effect of the Van der Waals and polymer‐mediated forces on the rate of colloid coagulation. Kinetic stability of the material‐specific colloid systems is discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of polysulfone/graphite nanosheets composites capsules for the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution
Authors: Ma Ying‐Xia , Li Yan‐Feng , Yang Liu‐Qing , Zhao Guang‐Hui 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, the polysulfone (PSF) capsules containing graphite nanosheets (GNS) were successfully prepared by a phase inversion precipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry were employed in the characterization of the as‐prepared PSF/GNS composites capsules. Meanwhile, the adsorption properties of the composites capsules for the phenol in aqueous solution were investigated by batch methods. The results showed that the phenol adsorption uptake would be increased with the enhancement of initial concentration and adsorption time, and the adsorption of phenol should be more favorable at pH value less than 9. The composites capsules would be a kind of promising alternative adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for the phenol from aqueous solutions at a low concentration. The adsorption kinetics of the capsules for phenol accorded with pseudo‐second‐order model, and the best fits of adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich equation. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted microporous polyaniline films for solar cell applications
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed E. , Chang Y.C. , Al‐Ghamdi A.A. , Al‐Marzouki F. , Bronstein Lyudmila M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe solicitude to molecularly imprinted conjugated polymers is flourishing due to their auspicious properties for a myriad of technological and industrial applications. The preparation conditions strongly affect the structure, optical, thermal, and electrical properties of these polymers. Subsequently, a consistent contemplation is desired to entrench consanguinity between processing stipulations and these variables. Here, molecularly imprinted polyaniline films, based ascorbic acid as a template, have been synthesized via electropolymerization technique. This template has been extracted from the films to create microporous polyaniline films. The morphology and structure of these films were investigated using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric test showed an enhancement in the thermal stability of molecular imprinted polyaniline compared with non‐imprinted techniques. The optical measurements showed that the rate of light absorption is increased twice with low transmission and reflection. The electrical conductivity increased by four orders with activation energy of 0.30 eV. The optoelectronic measurements of molecularly imprinted microporous polyaniline films showed that the filling factor and external quantum efficiency are enhanced compared with non‐imprinted polyaniline films. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Perylene diimide copolymers with dithienothiophene and dithienopyrrole: Use in n‐channel and ambipolar field‐effect transistors
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Wen Yugeng , Zhou Weiyi , Guo Yunlong , Ma Lanchao , Zhao Xingang , Zhao Zhen , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Liu Yunqi , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSolution‐processable polymers consisting of perylene diimide (PDI) acceptor moieties alternating with dithienothiophene (DTT), N‐dodecyl‐dithienopyrrole (DTP), or oligomers of these donor groups have been synthesized. We have, in addition to varying the donor, varied the N,N′ substituents of the PDIs. The thermal, optical, electrochemical, and charge‐transport properties of the polymers have been investigated. The polymers show broad absorption extending from 300 to 1000 nm with optical band gaps as low as 1.2 eV; the band gap decreases with increasing the conjugation length of donor block, or by replacement of DTT by DTP. The electron affinities of the polymers, estimated from electrochemical data, range from −3.87 to −4.01 eV and are slightly affected by the specific choice of donor moiety, while the estimated ionization potentials (−5.31 to −5.92 eV) are more sensitive to the choice of donor. Bottom‐gate top‐contact organic field‐effect transistors based on the polymers generally exhibit n‐channel behavior with electron mobilities as high as 1.7 × 10–2 cm2/V/s and on/off ratios as high as 106; one PDI‐DTP polymer is an ambipolar transport material with electron mobility of 4 × 10–4 cm2/V/s and hole mobility of 4 × 10–5 cm2/V/s in air. There is considerable variation in the charge transport properties of the polymers with the chemical structures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis and structural characterization of a nickel(II) precatalyst bearing a β‐triketimine ligand and study of its ethylene polymerization performance using response surface methods
Authors: Hamedani Nona Ghasemi , Arabi Hassan , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Mair Francis S. , Jolleys Andrew 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe reaction of N‐(4‐(mesitylamino)pent‐3‐en‐2‐ylidene)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenamine (1) with n‐butyl lithium and then with N‐(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐phenyl)‐acetimidoyl chloride yields a new β‐triketimine ligand, N‐(4‐(mesitylamino)‐3‐(1‐(mesitylimino)ethyl)pent‐3‐en‐2‐ylidene)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenamine, 2. The addition of 2 to nickel (II) dibromide 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (NiBr2(DME)) in the presence of [Na]+[3,5‐(CF3)4C6H3]4B]− (NaBAr'4) gives a five‐coordinate dimeric complex [(2.NiBr)2].2 [(BAr'4)], 3. The structure of 3 has been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. This complex generates catalytically active species for the homopolymerization of ethylene in combination with methylaluminoxane to produce elastomeric, branched polyethylene. The effect of factors (temperature, pressure, and cocatalyst to catalyst molar ratio (CC)) on the polymerization process has been investigated using regression models of responses (catalyst activity, crystallinity, and weight‐average molecular weight of polymer (Mw)) and visualized via the response surface method (RSM). Activity and Mw responses show a second‐order variation with temperature and vary linearly with pressure. Conversely, crystallinity follows a second‐order model while varying temperature, pressure, and CC. Furthermore, a set of polymerization conditions for reaching desirable responses was predicted and then experimentally verified. The activities achieved challenge the best reported activities for Ni(II) catalysts with β‐connected imine ligand supports, but fall short of those for α‐diimines. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Photovoltaic performance enhancement using fluorene‐based copolymers containing pyrene units
Authors: Song Chang Eun , Kang In‐Nam , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Hwang Do‐Hoon , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Ahn Taek , Shin Won Suk , Moon Sang‐Jin , Lee Sang Kyu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA set of novel conjugated polyfluorene co‐ polymers, poly[(9,9′‐didecylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(4,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐ 2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole‐5,5‐diyl)‐co‐(pyrene‐1,6‐diyl)], are synthesized via Pd(II)‐mediated polymerization from 2,7‐bis(4′,4′,5′, 5′‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐9,9′‐di‐n‐decylfluorene, 4, 7‐di(2‐bromothien‐5‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole, and 1,6‐dibromopyrene with a variety of monomer molar ratios. The field‐effect carrier mobilities and optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the copolymers are systematically investigated. The hole mobilities of the copolymers are found to be in the range 7.0 × 10−5 − 8.0 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the on/off ratios were 8 × 103 − 7 × 104. Conventional polymer solar cells (PSCs) with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/LiF/Al are fabricated. Under optimized conditions, the polymers display power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for the PSCs in the range 1.99–3.37% under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). Among the four copolymers, P2, containing a 2.5 mol % pyrene component incorporated into poly[9,9′‐didecylfluorene‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] (PFDTBT) displays a PCE of 3.37% with a short circuit current of 9.15 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage of 0.86 V, and a fill factor of 0.43, under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Dispersion RAFT polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine in toluene mediated with the macro‐RAFT agent of polystyrene dithiobenzoate: Effect of the macro‐RAFT agent chain length and growth of the block copolymer nano‐objects
Authors: Dan Meihan , Huo Fei , Zhang Xu , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Wangqing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe dispersion reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine in toluene in the presence of the polystyrene dithiobenzoate (PS‐CTA) macro‐RAFT agent with different chain length is discussed. The RAFT polymerization undergoes an initial slow homogeneous polymerization and a subsequent fast heterogeneous one. The RAFT polymerization rate is dependent on the PS‐CTA chain length, and short PS‐CTA generally leads to fast RAFT polymerization. The dispersion RAFT polymerization induces the self‐assembly of the in situ synthesized polystyrene‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) block copolymer into highly concentrated block copolymer nano‐objects. The PS‐CTA chain length exerts great influence on the particle nucleation and the size and morphology of the block copolymer nano‐objects. It is found, short PS‐CTA leads to fast particle nucleation and tends to produce large‐sized vesicles or large‐compound micelles, and long PS‐CTA leads to formation of small‐sized nanospheres. Comparison between the polymerization‐induced self‐assembly and self‐assembly of block copolymer in the block‐selective solvent is made, and the great difference between the two methods is demonstrated. The present study is anticipated to be useful to reveal the chain extension and the particle growth of block copolymer during the RAFT polymerization under dispersion condition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Direct breath figure formation on PMMA and superhydrophobic surface using in situ perfluoro‐modified silica nanoparticles
Authors: Farbod Farnaz , Pourabbas Behzad , Sharif Mehdi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBreath figure formation was carried out directly on the surface of poly(methylmethacrylate) using a mixture of a good solvent, tetrahydrofuran, and a nonsolvent, water. Direct breath figure formation was coined for this method and a mechanism was proposed to describe the figure formation by the method based on hypothesizes available for the normal breath figure formation. The proposed mechanism is such that the sonication effect, immersion time, and water content on characteristics of the obtained figures can be explained. The figured surface was then made superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 175° using in situ growing of perfluoro modified silica nanoparticles inside the figure cell by one‐pot method. The spherical modified silica nanoparticles were detected being trapped by figure features providing a mechanical entrapment of the low‐surface energy nanoparticles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
Authors: Shah Sumit P. , Goren Jordana F. , Lazzara Matthew D. , Strominger Mitchell B. , Hedges Thomas R. , Duker Jay S. , Reichel Elias 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case series of patients with acute macular neuroretinopathy in which patients concomitantly used oral norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

Methods:
Retrospective case review.

Patients:
Three patients with retinal findings consistent with acute macular neuroretinopathy are presented.

Conclusion:
The use of oral neuromodulators should be considered in cases of acute macular neuroretinopathy.
PRESSURE-INDUCED INTERLAMELLAR STROMAL KERATITIS AFTER VITREORETINAL SURGERY
Authors: Wong Chee Wai , Lee Shu Yen 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
To describe a patient with pressure-induced interlamellar stromal keratitis after complicated vitreoretinal surgery, occurring 7 years after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis.

Methods:
Case report and review of the literature.

Results:
A 45-year-old man presented with increasing pain and blurring of vision in his left eye 3 weeks after vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This was associated with diffuse corneal stromal haze and raised intraocular pressure. An anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed fluid between the laser in situ keratomileusis flap and the residual stromal bed.

Conclusion:
Pressure-induced interlamellar stromal keratitis can occur many years after laser in situ keratomileusis. The clinical presentation mimics that of diffuse lamellar keratitis, but corneal haze may be absent in the early stages. Once diagnosed, the intraocular pressure should be managed aggressively to prevent the development of irreversible glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS AFTER TREATMENT WITH LENALIDOMIDE FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Lim Hui Y. , Francis David , Yeoh Jonathan , Lim Lyndell L. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
To describe a case of cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient after treatment with lenalidomide, a novel therapy in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Methods:
Descriptive case report of a 67-year-old man on Lenalidomide maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma, who presented with unilateral painless blurring of vision because of retinitis.

Results:
Polymerase chain reaction of the vitreous sampling confirmed cytomegalovirus retinitis, although the patient's serum polymerase chain reaction was negative for cytomegalovirus. The patient was treated with ganciclovir with good effect.

Conclusion:
Cytomegalovirus retinitis is rare in immunocompetent patients and not commonly reported in myeloma patients. Given the increasing use of novel therapies such as Lenalidomide, unusual infections such as cytomegalovirus retinitis should be considered in patients with visual symptoms, even if they are considered to be immune competent at presentation.
TRACTION RETINAL DETACHMENT UNDER SILICONE OIL TREATED WITH TWO-PORT, 25-GAUGE PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND SCISSOR SEGMENTATION IN A CHILD WITH FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Sigler Eric J. , Randolph John C. , Calzada Jorge I. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:
To describe a method of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with posterior hyaloid scissor segmentation in a child with recurrent retinal detachment caused by vitreous traction under silicone oil.

Methods:
A two-port, 25-gauge PPV was performed under previously instilled silicone oil with retinotomy and internal drainage of subretinal fluid.

Results:
A 5-year-old monocular girl with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy presented with decreased vision and a recurrent retinal detachment 3 weeks after PPV and air–silicone exchange for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography revealed persistent posterior hyaloid adherent to multiple retinal foci inducing a tractional detachment. The patient underwent two-port PPV revision with scissor segmentation of vitreous traction. Follow-up examination at 3 months revealed the absence of vitreous traction, an attached retina, and markedly improved vision.

Conclusion:
Posterior vitreous sequestered under silicone oil inducing consecutive retinal detachment may be successfully managed with two-port interface PPV and scissor segmentation of vitreous traction.
AUREOCHROME1a-Mediated Induction of the Diatom-Specific Cyclin dsCYC2 Controls the Onset of Cell Division in Diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum)
Authors: Huysman Marie J.J. , Fortunato Antonio E. , Matthijs Michiel , Costa Benjamin Schellenberger , Vanderhaeghen Rudy , Van den Daele Hilde , Sachse Matthias , Inzé Dirk , Bowler Chris , Kroth Peter G. , Wilhelm Christian , Falciatore Angela , Vyverman Wim , De Veylder Lieven 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Cell division in photosynthetic organisms is tightly regulated by light. Although the light dependency of the onset of the cell cycle has been well characterized in various phototrophs, little is known about the cellular signaling cascades connecting light perception to cell cycle activation and progression. Here, we demonstrate that diatom-specific cyclin 2 (dsCYC2) in Phaeodactylum tricornutum displays a transcriptional peak within 15 min after light exposure, long before the onset of cell division. The product of dsCYC2 binds to the cyclin-dependent kinase CDKA1 and can complement G1 cyclin-deficient yeast. Consistent with the role of dsCYC2 in controlling a G1-to-S light-dependent cell cycle checkpoint, dsCYC2 silencing decreases the rate of cell division in diatoms exposed to light-dark cycles but not to constant light. Transcriptional induction of dsCYC2 is triggered by blue light in a fluence rate-dependent manner. Consistent with this, dsCYC2 is a transcriptional target of the blue light sensor AUREOCHROME1a, which functions synergistically with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor bZIP10 to induce dsCYC2 transcription. The functional characterization of a cyclin whose transcription is controlled by light and whose activity connects light signaling to cell cycle progression contributes significantly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying light-dependent cell cycle onset in diatoms.
Consensus guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis: An Asia–Pacific perspective
Authors: Rubel Diana , Thirumoorthy Thiru , Soebaryo Retno W. , Weng Steven C. K. , Gabriel Teresita M. , Villafuerte Lillian L. , Chu Chia‐Yu , Dhar Sandipan , Parikh Deepak , Wong Li‐Chuen , Lo Kuen‐Kong ,   Asia–Pacific Consensus Group for Atopic Dermatitis
Published: January 2013

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a relatively common disease in patients in the Asia–Pacific region. It presents a particular clinical challenge and requires careful clinical management. The chronic nature of AD characterized by flares, exacerbations and periods of quiescence requires a multipronged approach aimed at reducing itch, inflammation and the appearance of secondary lesions. In addition, varying levels of maintenance therapy may be required to avoid exacerbations. Survey data from the region indicate that there is significant variation across the Asia–Pacific with regard to current treatment practices. The management of AD may also be influenced by differing health‐care systems, variable climate, access to medical care and cultural diversity. The current consensus guidelines have been developed to provide up‐to‐date and concise evidence‐ and experience‐based recommendations directed towards general practitioners and general dermatologists in the Asia–Pacific region on the management of pediatric and adult AD.
Plasma HMGB‐1 after the initial dose of epirubicin/docetaxel in cancer
Authors: Arnold Tobias , Michlmayr Anna , Baumann Suzann , Burghuber Christopher , Pluschnig Ursula , Bartsch Rupert , Steger Guenther , Gnant Michael , Bergmann Michael , Bachleitner‐Hofmann Thomas , Oehler Rudolf 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is highly heterogeneous, and reliable predictive instruments remain to be defined. High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB‐1) protein is a cell death marker, which is easily detectable in plasma. We hypothesized that the initial dose of NCT with epirubicin/docetaxel induces changes in plasma HMGB‐1 which could allow for an early prediction of response to therapy.Materials and methodsFirst, we analysed whether epirubicin/docetaxel releases HMGB‐1 from HCC1143 breast cancer cells in vitro. Thereafter, plasma HMGB‐1 levels before and 1–4 days after the first dose of epirubicin/docetaxel‐based NCT were determined in 41 breast cancer patients and correlated with pathological response to treatment.ResultsTreatment of HCC1143 cells with epirubicin/docetaxel resulted in a significant HMGB‐1 release in vitro. In vivo, HMGB‐1 levels increased significantly only in responders (pathological complete response or partial remission, n = 22) but not in nonresponders (stable or progressive disease, n = 19).ConclusionOur data suggest that early dynamic changes of plasma HMGB1 could be a promising biomarker to predict the final response to NCT in breast cancer patients.